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Author: Shuping W .
Tags: study guide language learning chinese language world languages workbook wordbook
Year: 2008
Text
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1 BEIJING LANGUAGE AND CULTURE
\. UNIVERSITY PRESS
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2008 if- 3 fi3
1
F Of F \jV [Jf D
Speak Chinese is designed and compiled according to the gen-
eral plan for short-term Chinese programs. It is intended for learners
who have laid a basic foundation of the Chinese language and have
a vocabulary of about one thousand words.
Speak Chinese is produced to meet the practical needs of for-
eigners studying and living in China. The textbook adopts a func-
tional-grammatical approach, and is divided into units that are com-
posed of dialogues related to daily situations. Throughout Speak
Chinese, daily expressions as well as key sentence patterns appear
recurrently in texts and exercises. The contents of the book gradu-
,
ally increase in difficulty.
In order to help learners grasp the general rules of Chinese,
apart from explaining the meanings and usages of the key words,
expressions and linguistic structures, the notes in each lesson in
Speak Chinese also provide an extension of the usages of some lin-
guistic structures with concise description.
The book has forty lessons in two volumes, \l\ihich are divided
into fifteen units. Each lesson consists of four parts: Text, New
Words, Notes and Exercises. At the end of book there are a vocab-
ulary list and answers to some of the exercises. The suggested
teaching hours are 8 hours per week and 4 to 6 hours for each les-
son. I n this way, the whole book can be completed within 20 to 30
weeks. Upon completion of the whole book, learners will master a-
bout one thousand new words and sixty new sentence patterns.
2
Since its publication, Speak Chinese has received much atten-
tion of the teachers and experts in the field of teaching Chinese as a
foreign language and has been welcomed by its learners. Beijing
Language and Culture University Press has listed the second edition
,
of Speak Chinese as one of the "BLCU Choice Chinese Textbooks
for Overseas Learners" series. However, as the time went by,
some contents of the book were out of date. Therefore, we have
produced the third edition of the book. Wu Shuping, Lai Siping and
Zhao Ya have participated in the revision work. Based on the struc-
ture of the book of the second edition, we have replaced some texts
and rearranged the distribution of some linguistic structures so as to
better meet the learners' needs. The English, Japanese and Korean
versions of the third edition of Speak Chinese will be published.
Here we would like to express our heartfelt gratitude to those
who have given us a lot of care and support for the revision of
Speak Chinese, especially to Beijing Language and Culture Univer-
sity Press and editors Wang Yali and Tang Qijia.
Compilers
March 2008
3
1 Its
Work
Lrh- 'E13
5P - /I'
W;=i*
W; i*
fJ EaJ
Sports
W; 1m i*
W; 11 i*
J=]
== 1
]R
r [JJ\rf F J\J-f 5
ft x l' ijJ
I like this job
ft I 11= f 'tt
I am very busy with my work
fu tt ft 'tt
She is busier than I am
ft 1 5 I}l<
I'll teach you how to skate
ftE 1 - ifx
I'll do exercises with you
3 iM
T r an sport at ion
M ..i.. 'E13
/'\ /I'
$
Waiting for a bus
I
2
11
22
33
43
53
1: i*
4
xz
Art
J\ i*
ni*
+i*
T 5 1J $
What a beautiful bicycle
62
ft !t fu, @ x j
I think she likes dancing better
73
dJ 'E
J.rv T 11=1 J=I
Learning the language through watching movies 84
t:p )! 5¥D t:p @j
Chinese calligraphy and Chinese paintings
96
iii iiiJiiDii3!
The Ch inese language and Ch inese characters
+ 'E;I
-
J1 ;;- 5¥D 1m ii5
Dialects and putonghua
106
+=i* 5X* i
An interesting talk about Chinese characters 116
m £B ii!i iD IiiJ
T eleohones and the Internet
+ i* tJ 1 ffl ft T 7
You can use mine
125
+ R] i* 1 1t $tB1 1f 1''' Jt"
There is a limit to everything
133
II
7 5i
Weather
+1ii* l' T
It's a fine day today
+ /', i* l£ -l'*lj
In the same season
142
151
+-l:i*
# 43 $.5!.
1")(, Ic'" ==t ...
I want to see a snow scene
160
8 JlmJ
T ouri sm
+ J\ i* ft ..t 7 -tE:iJt
I've climbed up the Great Wall
+fLi* BJi * gg
Going to the zoo tomorrow
=+i* ft @x f1**
I like Guilin best
170
179
188
iQ])[ Vocabulary
SBfl 'J g* Keys to Some Exercises
196
207
III
1 If
Work
.
iI
6 ilb ---- D D .11.
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)( Text
...... '" '" '" '" . .
A: 1$ 'fJc k If. -*- y p ?
" .
B : 'fJc Y 0
...... '" ...... ...... . '" '" .
A: 1$ Jft JJ? , JfR -*- 1t (A ?
- - . . ...... ...... - '" -
'" '" ...... '" '" ...... -
B: at 1 , 1t , 1: k v 16 5l ,
'" ......
iG o
'" . '" '" .
A: }] (A J {f. ?
'" '" '" '" - '". ............. . "
B : J {f. 1!1 3;12 it Y 0 1$ $ t 1t (A JfR -*- ?
. '" . '"
A: , Yip, $ t + JfR -*- 0
'" '" '". ............. - '" . ...... '"
B: P)\1J, * it Y! :t (A A i. J ? ;;
...... '" .
A: ;; 1t (A ?
...... '"...... ...... '" - .
B: ;; 4f , , J L * If- 4 Y 0
...... 'V - '" ...... _ .
;fB !:t:_ k A J; JL ")1.. ¥-
A : I ' I -=t'.x.. - , ...., i3L -:JC. ,
- . '" '" ...... - '"
at fa] * Y YJG 4f
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..... '" .
..... . '" . - '"
.a 0 1 5L * '\ -Bt * 1tt 1t (A J..1t?
..... '" . '" . - ..... - - . - .....
..... . '" - -
B: 5L * - i / tfJ i JJ?, -Bt * IK !£ 0
't CU'I
'" . ..... - . ..... ..... . '" .
"'3 /.'€1 lb ...., 'J- lb -/::::- A.... ..
A: 1-u 1 " J' 1-JL 1:!.. " J' /FJ - /1'" 0
,". - '" '" '" '"
B: a , 11tJ {f. 1: k 0
- ..... '" . - '" '" .
A : 11t , 1tt 1t (A J.. 1t, 1 3;12 it 11 ?
- '" ..... '" .
- - '" ..... '" - '" '" -
B: 11t * 1* tfJ, 11t v J6 - 1* vrp 0
· :t: lAJ Ne\A Word
J1R ( ) zhfye occupation
*-'* ( ) daxue un ivers ity
JJ: .. ( .. ) !Ix i ang i de a I ; idea I
tf ( ) gaozh6ng high school
(ZJJ) dang to work as. to become
1t ( ) " ..- writer
. ZUOJIO
J:.C'*) (ZJJ) shang(xue) to go to school
. YA jf; ( ) yThou future: after
.
. iG ( ) jlzhe reporter.. journal ist
3
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Work
«0 1J1 ( ia U ) dao contrary to what is expected
( ) heshl suitable, appropriate
t6 tA ( ia ll ) congloi at all times (if If'tA *-" is
used in a negative sentence,
it means '-never'.')
J (ZJJ) faxian to find, to discover
t:7 a (Ji) zh)'shl only
./, :J<..
13 1f- ( ) nianqTng young
«3 h ( ) "
...;..:r:. ..... J I ngyan experience
/ ( ) - - company
gongsl
. JJ: ( ) jTng II manager't director
.
1D 1- ( ) yTsheng doctor
iG1-f (ZJJ) jlde to remember
*1* ( ) falu law
if;!£ ( ) " to hope; hope
xlwang
j) ,% LmJ , measure word (for a
mlng
person)
it 1* yip ( ) lushT lawyer
4
J&l'IR
I like this job
)1: Notes
tl. M' !¥ "!u
" t ( ) .. · ... 7" /1' p f 'I ;jL, OJ i3t JJX " . · · · · ·
7" " JiJt · · · · .. 7 "0 " t ( ) · · · · .. 7" 1M 1m ttg B1 18] )fj\ iR 1 t$, "
· · · · .. 7" " :}Jt · · · · .. 7" 1M 1m OJ B1 18] )fj\ iR 1 t$ 0
The structure "1:R: ( ) ......"7" indicates something is going to hap-
pen soon. So does the structure " ...... 7" or " JiiJt ... ... 7 ". A time
adverb ial cannot precede "'I:R: ( ) · . · . · · 7 "; but before "JiJt . · · · .. 7 " ,
a time adverbial can be used.
( 1) 'f* r VfJ 1, * J:. 11 0
'f* r VfJ 1, * J:. 11 0
rVfJ 1, * J:. l1 o
(2) {-f--=r-, J:.ilL rVfJ 1 0
( 3 ) -¥j- 11.11- 4r, -JJ ilL 7t i:fi 1 0
I! IJlft J
"1¥ " /F 1JT, * - ig -;- It!Jto "1¥ " ffl1£i ig i %
3 1M, ttgffl1£:£iR1M 0
The adverb "1¥ " must be used in a certain context to show what is
.
contrary to the preceding situation or things. "1i " should be used before
the predicate verb or adjective, but not before a subject
( 1) i5t , .. JL 1t, 5t if 1f1J *-- 1t 0
( 2 ) 'J 7]- 1 1 , J 1fl] t1t 1 0
5
I
Work
11 !.9l 1£ 1i1J O "!
" 7" 1£ Jo] * /1' 'I ;jL lst 7 1t 0 f i ig Jo] tB OJ ffl "7" *
/1' f 1to
When "7" is used at the end of a sentence, it impl ies the change of
a state. "7" can be used in all predicate sentences to show such a
change.
(1) 1W JLk11t8 WI1, J {f*f 1 0
( 2 ) at k J!- , k i ,tjc 1 0
(3) -!k 1 0
Li itB :m I JJD -:g f ViP
A rei .::-h ':=1 " A " *" EEI..=E:. - -vr:l !51- 11+ 'h-
t, J1 AJJ "),cJ t, 1I. /1' 19-;{JIC 7F. -IT T 0
In the sentence above, " g" is a modal verb, which indicates that
something is possible under certain conditions.
( 1) 1!. -+ £ -=r- 1£ -=- -+ A. 0
(2) J {f ttl J£ *-1-f &., MJ:. j( if- 0
"ttg" OJ * /1" I IIL iq: OJ, Jiiq: 0
"ftg" can indicate permission with reason.
( 3 ) 11t JB: -=r- , -¥j- 11 i 1t 1 0
( 4 ) it);7], {f 1!. JL ;tf!1" ?
"ttg" OJ * /1' x.mL 1f f ttg tJ 0
" g" can also indicate that a person has the abil ity to do something.
( 5 ) 11t - 9i i t1t 30 -+ i -=r- 0
( 6 ) 11t JfJ paj 1- 11 0
6
t ;g Exercises
1 @] fD] o
Answer the following questions.
( 1) 1t k If 111 ? {£ k £ 1t 1t -V ?
( 2 ) 1t J {£ 1tt 1t -=r-1t?
( 3 ) 1,t Jjt J!l €I.!; JfR Jt 1t ?
( 4 ) 1t £ A.;i 1tt 1t -=r-1t?
( 5 ) 1t fA..:J!J t£. J!l -1'- JfR ;!: {f ? 7!J 1t ?
( 6 ) 1t 11'1 ml f0 A.Jjt fi 1t JfR ?
2 m f :fEiRJ i! PX I'D] 0
Ask questions using the words in the brackets
( 1 ) A. ? (1t )
. .
B. Jjt J!l f0 -=r-1t Jt yrp 0
.
A. ? (1t )
. .
B. !- k 5t i8- 0
.
(2) A. ? (1t )
. .
B: Jjt $ k !£ -1'- JfR 0
(3 ) A. ? (1t )
.
B: €I.!; JJJ] Jt;it:1: i €I.!; J!l 0
( 4) A. ? (1t )
.
B: 11t k If VA 16 - iG 0
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If1=
Work
(5) A: ? ( *)
.
B: -it k -k IJ, at f0 51 0 ? ( QJt )
.
A: 3] * /J' at 0
(6) A: 1 k ¥ 1 P ?
B: ,tR: 1 0 ? ( QJE )
.
A: M'J -4- JL 0
(7) A: ? ( QJt )
.
B: IJ, £-!- 1 0
(8 ) A: ? ( QJt )
.
B: )tt , 1 a {£ )L 0
3 ini9IJ To
Rewrite the following sentences after the examples
19 : -1' )g, 1fu JiJt = + 7 0
1fut =+7 0
. .
(1) JL- )LYJG 1 0
( 2 ) r £ $}], JJA *- t "* 0
(3) 'tR:*-l1 , - )L f 1 0
( 4 ) !i iJL, 1 f0 JL k yJG :!if 0
19 : * 1 tB J8. IJ 0
* 1 A* J8. IJ 0
. .
( 5 ) v 1W $ t J1R , JJL {£ $ t 0
( 6 ) -it k;i 4jt:1:*, pJf v *--:!if 0
(7) 1 )A IJ, at 1'* jlJ JJL{£;i $ t t1t rJi 0
( 8 ) lIt J:.1 ,& , 7!J *-- ,t 1 0
8
fX x l'j.R
I like this job
19 : 1fu5X -rg IJ 7 -iF , OJ £iR jg 5nt5f I J 0
--. 1fu 5X 1R IJ 7 - iF , iR 1 1 tl jj! 5nt 5fIJ 0
.
( 9 ) 3- Yif11W JL 4- :!if, Pf k JL 4-:!if J 0
( 1 0 ) i! 1t ;R JJ!t Jt J, it;jJ!. i 1C 0
( 11) 1 4- k., Pf k a ' 0
mf :fEiRJi! PX To
Complete the following sentences using the words in the brackets.
( 1 )
(2)
( 3 ) 1t ;R JJIt k. I J' ,
( 4 ) M1 -==- -t- if ,
(5) piR * a !j:,
(6) !t -t-J1R 4{f,
, j£ t. JL it 0 ( )g )
, t * 7f- -kf; 5t 0 ( )g)
o ( )
o (iF )
o (R£)
o (R£)
II '1*3 iii]i!fJi o
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words from the list given below
DS
/,
)g 1
*
( ' ...... 7
A ;,J'"
II
A*
1¥
'::J /8
l-L,1
( 1) 1t t1t ¥At a , j£
(2) k. vAg, 1 1ti ro G
( 3 ) 1 t1t 1-ff , 1F<.;{f h 0
( 4 ) * 4- JL flJ 1 f0 at 11 , 1 1£ -k ml, )A}]
ml J 0
jI!l 11 0
f0 -=r-1t 0
-sJG * *
9
Ift
Work
( 5 ) 1EZ $ A. 1 a JJR 0
( 6 ) 1 1EZ - + k. / a t J!l 0
(7) -!-}] + J R ':#- 4t , jzl 1 , , JL 0
( 8 ) )JI] ttl -!- 1 , r ifu 0
6 . m:fE W, m W m h o
Make dialogues based on the following questions using the words given
below.
r it
IfR
.,;X ;,J'"
II ,
[2S
1*VffJ
xx 1
ic
( 1) iJL -iJL !£ 1!. + JJR 0
( 2 ) 11F ro G t 1ti 1t -=r-1t?
( 3 ) 11= '\ iG '\ YiJ1 '\ !£ '\ t J£ '\ 1t YiJ11!. JIR 3f. tf ,
1t iA.. pJJ # JJR tt ir it 11F? iJL iJL J$ l25l 0
( 4 ) 1t JJR 11F J1i * k? 1t ?
7 i i 1 Q @: 1f1 I 11= 0
Talk about the various jobs you know
o
;g - il ftIf mJtt
I am very busy with my work
il3t Text
v . v - - , v v
A: 1 1fl-fit *- -=r..1t JL IJ, at?
v - _ , - v
B: -fit *- -=r..1t /"- IJ, at 0
- , - v - , , .
A: tf 00 JL /"- IJ, at -=r..1t 1f1'J p ?
,. v--,v- V" v,--.
C : JL a{; 0 -fit -=r.. 1t 1i. *- , L ff * L ff *- 1 t 0
v - v , v - - , - v .
A: yip JL -fit *- -=r..1t /"- IJ, at t1 ?
, . , , v - , , v v, - , ,
B : JL a{; 0 /F. it, *- yip J:. Jt i* Pf y 1£ i* 0
A: . ?
- - v , v - - , - v
c: JL -fit *- -=r..1t /"- IJ, at 0
v, v -,
A: 1 1£ l1JJ JL -=r..1t?
v,---, --v
c: 1£ ,3] -=r..1t , i.i J]? 0
- , .
A : -=r.. 1t 'Ii: t1 ?
- , v v . - - , - - , , - , - v _ _
c: -=r..1t 1ft 'Ii: 0 a{; ,3] 1£ j g , J:. r J)I 1t1ft at fal 0
11
Ift
Work
, - , , - , - .
A : /A'- \ if- J:. JjI t1 ?
" . - - " - - , " - . -. ,-,,,
C: 1[1 ,3] JjI if- , it A £ ttl *, 9G JL
, , "
gt5 J 4 0
" , - .
A: 1 i JJ] t1 ?
" - , , - , , , - , , , . "
C : , 11 t 1 1 at fal :iji * , Jt tf 00 :iji a 1t jt
,
l1E1o
, .
A: { ?
, " " , ,
B: { :l-1 1 p 1 1 0
" , , - -
A: :l-1 I t * at fa]?
, - - , - , - , " , . , ,
B: - t A }] tf fJJ / }] , t - + -f }] 0
, .
A: 1 1 ?
" . , - - , , "
B: - +}] , tt 111£ - o
" , . . , - " , , .
A: * a 1 1 JJ] , 1$ t1 ?
, . "'''''''' . -,,,-
C "E1 1J1\;f l: /.v# 1 l..,l. a k 11th
: J<.. IVJ , .;r ,1jYL 1 .;r /'\- , 'J{ J<.. /'1" 0
" - . , - , -,,, , ,,-, , - .
B: ;t Yip a 1 1 Jt}] Jt - , , JL 0 it, ;t yip 1£ 1 1 JJ] £ 1£
, , ,
i*o
12
fX I i f 'I't
am very busy with my work
i New Words
..r..1t -$1] (:g ) g6ngzuozhi system of work
%J (:g ) zh6u week
. L it (:g ) ITbai I iu Saturday
L it *- (:g ) ITba i t ion Sunday
. it (}i) buguo but
0 i* bei ke to prepare lessons
j IK (:g ) ..- - suburb
J looqu
(;) J:. J)l shang ban to go to work
. rJ)l xia ban to go off work
«0 ( ) huo to spend
1-tJ
m JJllf- (:g ) bonche (here) regular bus of a
company
m :9G ( U ) xlon first
j 4 (:g ) ditie subway
m 1 i Jtj] (:g ) .." - holiday, vacation
Jloql
41) it 1 i fang jia to have a hol iday
:t- (M) zhongyao important
1t jt (:g ) chuantong tradition
413 a (:g ) . ." " fest ivai
J len
OD J-1 i (:g ) shujia summer vacation
AD 1 i (:g ) hanjia winter vacation
- (M) yibon common
,)t.
(:g ) , a period of ten days
xun
(:g ) dT the end
13
-LIt:
Work
( )
( )
xianmu
to envy
wife or husband, spouse
ftA.
" .
olren
Proper Noun
lj
ChOn J ie
Spring Festival
" Notes
1
i1JX1f]tij I 1 J1/J\8t
....
. . .
" Jl/J, B1" * /1' "I 11=" f B118], £ B1 m * i:g 0
"JL/J\ Bt", a complement of duration, indicates the hours that the
work lasts.
(1) *-1t T .::- + IJ, at 0
(2 ) 1 1£ ;i "$1£ T .::- If- 0
( 3 ) &..:r- X T 1C T 1ft * at fal 0
-h 83 * '.E. "iff] '+:::sZ. '.E. fa/:, J.i..
.)(J::) 7K:'A * I=I' >z:: 1.:1: l J * I=I r:I 'J 11L J3. :
If there is an object, pay attention to its position.
a. i:gl£ i i:g i z 18] 0
An object should be placed between the predicate verb and the redu-
pi icated verb.
(4) 1tlf-1tT +/J'ato
14
I i f 'I't
c:im very busy with my work
(5) -T J -t7}4t 0
(6) 11t x.it- J -1¥-0
b. i ::f , ig £ - 9: i , mlJ ig 1£ 81 m * ig 16" (81 m *
ig *D ig Z. (8] OJ ff " ") 0
If the verb is not repeated and the object is an ordinary noun, the ob-
ject should be put after the complement of duration. (" S " can be used
between the complement of duration and the object )
(7) 1t J +/J'at (a{;) -$-0
( 8 ) J -t 7} 4t (a{;) -T 0
c. i:g£* QSj i BXA 1-ti 81, ilx.1£ 81 m * igmr 0
The object is put before the complement of duration when it is a form
of address or a personal pronoun.
, (9) J 1t - + I J' at, 1t * p}] J L J ?
( 1 0 ) 1t if... iR ..£ ;t yip 111¥- J ?
d 'E, E3 .3=: +J-;-r n-w M '3 ::l,k 'E, E3 " _ .L::::.. ) L " ,, .::z::." x 8 4 E3 '3
· i=1)E 'I'/J' HT 'J 1[]J, -rr i=1 )E A --r A '1" ....1' jE 'J m 1[]J ,
mlJ igOJ 1£ i:gmr, 1h OJ 1£* ig16" 0
The object can be put either before or after the complement, when it
is a form of address and such words of indefinite duration, such as "-
) L" and "*::k" are used as the complement.
( 11) 1t ..£ - JL v 0
1t - JL..£ v 0
( 12) J ..£;t yip -f , flJ 0
J -f ..£;t yip, fIJ 0
15
If1=
Work
B1 m ig OJ * /F 11= AH EX JJX IJi£ i% B111 (EX1 IJ
- B1 IJ) e ff * B1 1'8] 7 0 Q * ff $; ig, ig - 9: 1£ iEl g-, *
'E.
i=1 f:J U 0
Complements of duration can also i"ndicate how long an action has al-
ready lasted, from its beginning or its completion till the time when the
speaker talks about it (or at a given time). If there is an object in the
sentence, the object is generally placed after the verb, but before the
complement.
(13) 1-tt*- -*--1f-T 0
( 14) 71l ;It :1: - + £ $J] T 0
11. 7\: Ui1Lt: 1* qr I?l. 1£ 1*
" " £ iEl "L" E * * ig 0 E * * ig OJ £ iEl EX iPJ ,
i£ BJj 11= E *0 Q*ff ig, igJ-¥£ " iPJ + ** ig+ ig" 0
" " is the complement of result of the verb "J:". Verbs or adjec-
tives can be used as the complement of result to indicate the result of an
action. If there is an object in the sentence, the structure is: "verb +
complement of result object"..
(1) *-T4rk-=r-ItT, ptiRv o
(2) 1 * i T 0
11 f jm BtfBJ
" " OJ * /F I'D], m * -113] I'D] f.¥ Ji, m 0 " + iEl",
iElmm£ lJ , " " mrwmm "ff"o
" " is often used to ask a question about the quantity or degree. In
" : adj. " , the adjective here is often a monosyllabic word, and " " IS
often preceded by " -".
16
I i f II't
I am very busy with my work
( 1) If-1t k T ?
(2) fJ t ?
(3) Ai!.JLitJ 1t1fl/ izl?
I.i -JiH! tF3cpijJ U)\F3n£
a. " A · · · · · · IJ ... · · ." OJ :Ii ft B1 18] i=a.J, *- 7J' A H f1 IJ B1 - $9:
Bt 18] 0
The structure "}.A............ IJ ..... ......" can be used with a time expression to
indicate a period from its beginning till a certain time.
( 1) fJ + FJr: A Jf- J:. itJ i1t J:. Pf y #J 0
( 2 ) 1fl A £ $J] - itJ £ $J] 1i. J:. J)l, £ JtJJ "* '\ £ $J] a1t. I 0
b. " A · · · · · · IJ .... · · ." OJ :Ii ft 1U:: PIT i=a.J, *- /F A -1' tiP, fj IJ -1'
tiP, fj 0
The structure " A" H H.. ilJ .... u.." can be used with a place word to in-
dicate going from one place to another.
( 3 ) A ml a}] 1&1 itJ Ji ;fP 1&1 izll11!j ?
(4) Ai!. JL itJ .t 1 "1!j?
c. " A · · · .. · IJ · · · · · ." OJ :Ii ft i=a.J, i=a.J Jl iR I i Jl iR, *- 7J'
m o
The structure " A""""'" IJ ...... ...." can be used with nouns, verbal phra-
ses or subject-predicate phrases to indicate the scope of the subject.
(5) A IJ':f JL itJ kA. *3tk "JT1 i**X.. 0
( 6 ) A J:. k '* itJ ..L 1t 1 # 4ft 1* #. 0
( 7 ) 1 it T 1ft );7] , A :f -T J:. '* itJ A. #J iJL itJ T 0
17
--- It
Work
t Exercises
1 [9] I'D]
Answer the following questions.
( 1) 1 1fl Jt JL IJ, at ..L 11= -iff1] ?
( 2 ) 1 - £ $J] ..L 11= JL:k ?
( 3 ) 1 ..L 1t ( >]) a J 1£ JA .£ j£ Jt 1£ IR? .izl ?
( 4) 1 :t- * J:. J)1 (J:. ) ?
( 5 ) 1 -If- * at f a l a 1ri JtJJ ?
( 6 ) 1 1fl J!t -£ a "it 1:1 Jt 1t (A "it? "it EJ it * at f a l 1ri ?
2 m 1 :fEiRJ i! PX I'D] 0
Ask questions using the words in the brackets.
( 1 ) A: ? (Jl )
.
B: 1 it %J ..L 11= 11- :k 0
A: ? (Jl )
.
B: 1 1£ JL ..L 11= 11-lf- J 0
A: ? ? (Jl )
. .
B: 1 J:. -+ -JL , , J:. J)1 , r -+ 11-, , r J)1 0
(2) A: ? ( *)
B: it:kJ:. r Jj1 1t -=- + IJ, at 0
(3) A: ? ( *)
.
B: x-* J -If- 0
(4) A: ? ( )
.
B: 1 lf- --=- -t J 0
18
(5) A:
B:
(6) A:
B:
(7) A:
B.
.
fX I i'l= f '1't
am very busy with my work
? ( )
lzizl, -1} k1L7t-4ryJGfIJ T 0
? ( y)
? ( *)
+A J:f'F-=--t*ko
? ( y)
11'1 Jjl -t - + A 0
fJJi9IJ To
Rewrite the following sentences after the examples.
19t1: 4'xx :fJ , R£JXL:k-J \JLo
4'xx :fJ , :fMJXL:k- /sJLo
. .
( 1) * izl- , , JL, 1 1t if- j£Jt1ft 1 a 0
(2) 11 k 1 J:. if 'ti:, 1E. a}] k Pf v 1;f.1 0
( 3 ) 1 #j T 1ft *- at f a l, 1p- 11 k * T 0
19t1: ffu 7 $5)(iRo
ffu1t 7 $B1 (8] :s:j 5)( iRo
.
(4) 1 k Jf) - IJ, at t1JT-=W 0
(5) J:. r J)lj J:. Jf) -=- + IJ, at 0
(6) Tpaj*.:p;, - -t1LJk o
( 7 ) a R}] Jf) T 1ft 4 1 J 1 fJ 4 if- 0
19t1: 5Jt -¥ g< t& 0
t&mr9c5Jt-¥o
.
( 8 ) 1 * v , J:. yJG flJ 0
( 9 ) i1- J!t Jf- flJ fJ ?
(10) 1 t1t, ,JL v J6-1}P fJ1 0
19
rft
Work
19t1: ?
-.. A IJ JS ?
.
( 11) J:.ll $J] JL v Jf; it! t. JL ii 1 0
(12) 1 IJ, at1It$)(k .:p;, J 1f- $)(k .:p; 0
(13) g] g] i&?
JAffili5- m iRJi!fJi 0
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words given in the brackets.
( 1) 1 iYL t. JL, * tf T ,
( j] :fi1 )
(2) J:.J)l,
(3) t t.ii
(4) x.*
(5) i! WfR
ft1fl l' IJ\ B1 7 ft1fl 7 l' IJ\ B1)
( 6 ) t. t1JT 1 iYL fr!; 1, 0 ( 'Ii 'Ii 'Ii 7 )
a}] Pf v * 0
Jt 1 , E1 0 ( j] :f i1 )
atfa]a 1¥l? ( y *)
o ( :$ 7 :$ :$B1f8])
o ( 1' IJ\ B1ft1fl 7
1 3 iRJi!fJi o
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words from the list given below.
r
jJ
i3]
Ji
BIX
fjf $.
1
*
"'
I 11= ffiU
9c ttg
(1) 1t fr!;
(2) gt g] J1i
(3) i!+ J1
J:.J)l, #lf-*o
fr!; ,- E1 Jt:l- ,- 0
1(: i! .:p; c
20
. I i'Ff 'lct
I am very busy with my work
( 4 ), a / 1tt ill, 1£
, -1- rJjI
1t
IJ, at / \ -$. 0
(5) -1-+ A
;It 0
( 6 ) 1 flJ ;It y 16, iJG
(7) 1t -$. ::k$ W ,
( 8 ) 1 11'1 ml )t JL I J' at
a JJJ] -i--1-, 1, i!.+A
w
1 0
rfr y if lJtj- -$. 0
?
.
I m m:fE ., ml'OO mm h o
Make a dialogue based on the following questions using the words given
below.
r
.......
JL
*
y
( 1) 1 -=r.1t 1111; ?
(2) 1 it *- S) f R 1111; ?
( 3 ) A 1 flJ izl1111; ?
( 4 ) 1 :t -i- -1- JJI ?
i i 1 i,A I t I 11= 0
What do you think is the busiest work? Tell us about it.
21
'-" - ':111
SG - Iifi
mlfft Jtt
She is busier than I am
I Text
v v V" v - " "
A: 1 *, '-!- ;it 1 !
v v " -
B: *,itJ:.-$.!
v . v - " - " " v v .
A : 1 11'1 *- -=r.. 11= fJJ 1ft ajt v ?
" . v . " " " .
B: ;t pj\1J , at 1 fJJ -f 1t 0
" - v . V" - . .
A : * * a 0 1 it -J£\t y P ?
- v - v .
B: it -J£\t .i 11- Jf- Y 0
v " . v - " .
A: 1 A -=r.. 11= p ?
" -" - " -" v v
B: , 1it 1£ m. f;t -=r..11= , ft ,t 0
v . - -" - . v " v "
A: 1'- A -=r.. 11= , £ ' m 1! J1 ?
v " --" "v" v - V""" _"
B: Pf ;t! J1Jf iJt >'1' m1 ' 3 ** it -J£\t YA 16 iJG -=r.. 11=
. " .
Y , ;t p ?
v " " " " "-,, " "-,, . " ,,_ .
A : Y tW ;t {f , J 1£ -J£\t 16 l! -=r..11= a AN! Al Y 0
22
@tt!fpi)
-3he IS busier than I am
v , . .
B: 1 A. ?
v, , v , . .
A: J 1£ A. 0
, . v V / ,
-r -! .....i:- Jl=, ...
B : x'J /f' , 11=1 //1', 1,y.. 0
/ . v. - -, . v . ,
A : 1t (A 0 1 11'1 -=r.. 11= , 1 -r I (A ;}j,?
"' v-vv-,
B: *- JJ JL l&l , -it -f aJt;f4 iii 0
v - - , v .
A: t1 * 'J $l r ?
, v v , .
B: }] 1-1- -k p}tJ.o
, . , , , v . - . ..
A : 1 -r k {wc $ )tj: v ?
--,. -.--v.
B : 1 i3L , 1 $ )tj: 0
v - . - -. V" .
A: IJ, 1k Ji-Jf, aj] 0 JL 1 ?
- , - . , , -, , , v v - v . - ,
B: aj] 1 a V!] !t EJ , g " 1 a !t EJ
v ,
L 411 0
t New ''Vorde:
Lit- shang che to get on (a bus)
-f* ( ) banye midnight
( ia lJ ) ... quite
gou
f* (M) xTnku Cto work) hard,
laborious
23
Tit
Work
t -Jt j ie hOn to get married
11m ( QJ.) ... an interjection
. , ng
ffi-F;t ( ) - ... hospital
Ylyuon
. r&] ;cji ( , *) kunnon difficulty; difficult
.
. uJj- iJL ( ) tTngshu6 it's said. . . , I hear. . .
. 11' 00 ( ) ... . " foreign country
wOlguo
3* ( ) funu woman
YA 1¥f ( ) v ." before II previously
Ylqlon
1! ( ) .... ... to continue
J IXU
* ...... yue loi yue...... more and more
. t ( ) dUlbuqT I'm sorry
. Jffi. 1ft ( ) yuonliang to forgive, to pardon
1 ( ) hoizi child
. It: (A dJ' zenme ban What's to be done?
.
f-h JL r&1 ( ) you'eryuon kindergarten
1 9 ( g ) dei to have to. should
-if
k ( IJ ) dagai probably
IJ, 1*- ( ) xioojiahuo kid
J!- ( IJ ) zhen really
Jf, f1}] (*) - . clever
congmlng
!tEl ( ) shengrl birthday
D 1i ( ) . " to look
3,.., qloo
B L4h ( ) ITwu gift II present
5 I"' oopr Noun
t*t&$
BeijTng Fandian
Beijing Hotel
24
W3tt; 'lt
She is busier than I am
51" Notes
11 $3eJJ
" $".". " /F JtiIJ -f$q& * Jt 0
The structure " ....... " indicates a rather high degree has been
reached..
(1) 4--x. * a 0
(2) 1 a -A- a 0
( 3 ) a -$. -!- 1, -A- iJ: A. J a 0
Il t!H£ I fF. t:t ft i1S 'It
m "tt" /F tt $ Jo] T-, - 9: m x\: "A tt B ----. 1]IJ" 0
" tt" is often used in comparative sentences, with the structure" A tt
B -)10. 1]IJ (difference)"..
( 1) 4-- X. tt at x. i ,tit 0
(2) tt *1 'tit 0
(3) tt1 *0
Q /F 1* 1]1J, OJ 1£ /F 1]IJ iEJ i€i }g Q "-, J L "
" - .Ll: " " 7" " " 0
If you want to express tho specific difference, phrases such as "-,
) L", "- .f:l:t: ", " Y" and "1 " often go after the words that indicate
the difference.
( 4) 4-- X. tt at x. i ,tit 1 0 (- , , JL
. .
(5) tt *1 'tit1 0 (- , , JL
. .
(6) tt *1 0 (-, ,JL
-
-
-
1)
1)
1)
. .
25
It1=
Work
1£ /F 1JtJ iEJig 1M - ttg ffl "q&" " " "flk" *.¥J! lE lJ iEJ ,
OJ ffl " " " J!" *.¥ J! iE lJ iEJ 0
Adverbs such as H 1L ", " . " and "t " are never used in front of
the words that indicate the difference, except " " and " ".
( 7 ) 4'- *- tG at *- 1: ( j£ ) iff: ,t:k: 0
.
( 8 ) 11t tG k 1-1- 1: ( j£ ) ,t:k: 0
.
( 9 ) tG 11t 3f 1: ( j£ ) -Jif 0
.
"A tt B ----. 1]IJ " x\: OJ m "A tt B ----. 1]IJ" 0
The negative form of the structure "A tt B -)10- &. 13IJ (difference l" is
U A ::f' tt B u.n..;" jJlJ (difference)".
( 1 0 ) 4'- *- tG at *- iff: ,t:k: 0
( 11) 11t /f: tG k 1-1- ,t:k: 0
( 12 ) tt 11t 3f -Jif 0
JJ 9 , OJ m " Q" "59: " * 0
In addition, "=1' IJ" or "55ltI" can also be used to negate the sen-
tence..
( 13) 4'- *- -Jtp ()t. ) at *- iff: ,t:k: 0
. .
( 14) 11t -Jtp ()t. ) k 1-1- ,t:k: 0
. .
(15) -JtP ()t.;tr) 11t3f -Jifo
. .
11. qr
" OJ ( ) (Q¥,)" ffl T x1 i 81, /F IEJ x1 J1 i , OJ itt - iD"
;f< Jt i£ Blj 0
During a conversation, "OJ:;r, ( ) (U!J)" can be used to show
one's agreement, and gi.ve some additional information
26
tt i1S'lt
She is busier than I am
(1) A: 4'--x. a o
B: Pf ()t) (p ), t11TiJL -=- -t/"-Ji. o
( 2 ) A: 1t.:L 1t 1tt ,ti: 11 ?
B: Pf ( )t ) ( t1 ), -it X. H J:. , , ;f E: t1t H 1R 0
m . .I A 3
" * " * /F $ J& *.¥ i Btr8] 1t* rmt 1JQ 0
The structure " * rX " indicates that the degree increases as time
goes by.
(1) X. *- 0
(2) 1 a *- *o
(3) 1 iJL 5t. iJL1' *- )iLJt'j 0
t Exerci ses
1 @] fc] o
Answer the following questions.
( 1) 1t iA 3 * t .j{t y 16 llii .:L 1t * j£ )t 1£ 1t1 *,
1t ?
( 2 ) it it 1t a »t ,tt ot 0
2 m1 iRJi! PX:fc] 0
Ask questions using the words or sentence patterns in the brackets.
(1) A: _ _ _
B: -itX.*JJl4-J:.Jjlo
? ( )
27
If1=
Work
(2) A: 7 ( )
B: , A o
(3) A: 7 ( )
B: Jt , !£ 1f1-I-1t Jt1tt 4-* 0
(4) A: _ _ _7 ( )
B: 5tt, 1tt -.k3 * t 16 llii -I-1t 0
(5) A: 7 (lE& rD]Jo])
B: a 1 3£ 5t.J:. , 3£1£ J:. h JL J&J 0
(6) A: 7 (lE& irD]Jo])
B: kill, A .ftl F ljtj- -$-ljtj- 11- if 0
3 PXM , s PX X, ft - * o
Complete the dialogue - and change it into a short passage about a
doctor's family.
A: 1 1f 11}] JL -I-1t 7
B. ?
. 0
A: 1f FfL-I-1t 0
B: ?
A : 4- * a , #J A a 11 't -I-1t .flj 1tt ait 0
B: ?
A:Jt , A 1f-+ £-I- o
B: ? ?
A: , 1f1 - +* JL, 4'--lf- \!EJ Jj 1 0
B: ?
28
tt; i1S t
She is busier than I am
A: E1 x.:f -r J:. JJ JL l&J, aYtJ:. p 1[11£ - 0
B: ?
A : £ $}] :k, at 11* 1f1 * / l&J JJt JL 0
B: ?
A: 5tt, * {It 7 0 at * 't 't iYL: " l) l), aj] x. 1f1 i£
jlJ / l&J *JJtJL, Jt Jt?"
B: IJ' 1k , 0
m&mm .,m W .. h o
Make dialogues based on the following topics using the words given be-
low.
(
-.....
JL
E3 E3
:}E....I" :}E
i
( 1) 1t- 1 1f1 - + 1t yrp a 0
( 2 ) 1t- {g 1* 5L -lij.- a -I-1t 0
iJJ19IJ To
Rewrite the following sentences after the examples.
19t1: s1=7CB *D, 7CJ!B *Do
----. 7C tt s1= 7C J! B *D 0
.
(1) 1it , 1it 0
(2) .f; ,,&, JJ .f; ft - ;tb 0
( 3 ) ljtj- -$- 1 , * -$- k 1 0
( 4) 1it iA i 5t. , iA i 5t. k 0
29
If
Work
19t1: * IJ 7, - tl:: - B£ D 7 0
* IJ 7, * B£ D 7 0
. . .
( 5) 1 3J 1ft h, 5t iJL 1-¥- J;t v tlt * 7 0
(6) JLlf-1 ;k;kj "!y, *7 0
( 7 ) {Jt .iIJ If- 7, a at fa] - tt - ;k ilt 7 0
(8) 1 7 v J6, $)tk +-I-1t 7 0
II mf :iEiRJi! PX: To
Complete the following sentences using the words in the brackets.
( 1 ) t1 b £. * "'1 7 ,
(2 ) r 7 ,
(3 ) A:
B. Pf 0
.
(4) A.
.
B: Pf 0
(5 ) at ;k 1 ,ti: 7 - ,
(6) 111Jt k1 a t1
(7) _
(8)
(9 ) PJT iJL
( 10). PJT iJL
? ( v})
.
? ({ft !J})
.
i1 ! ( .I. \ if:. J'= $. A )
'il /, I\'
P ? (fij ;* -g-)
(fi]$...... )
(fi]$...... )
, ;yJL ** Jh j.1 7 0 ( Q )
lb J: /.g 1l.. P 1l.. ....., ( +, EE )
, 'I'J' ,Yfu 1-if 37 J I 37 1-JL 0 }(Q 71'
o ( W Ii'F 33c * )
o (Jt8: j( tl:: * T)
30
Jgt II't
She is busier than I am
II a9iRJi!fJi o
Fill in the blanks vvith the appropriate \tvordsfrom the list given t)elow
B111 JTi5t * *$1 Q
)9:1t t* tt IJ\*1*
( 1) 1 Jft$3tk lltJ:. 1t ,
f
o
( 2 ) J J 1 11 , _ __
( 3 ) 1 @J mJ VA Jf;
lJ-r k .. "
'I1!:.i $. "/,p i[. 0
)
/ 1Po
(4)
If- fB} *-, 1f'J Jt- JJ, aj] 0
. (5) 11'1
(6) 1 *a"JJ j}
(7) A:
B: 7if 0
( 8 ) A: >tt , iJ: 1 -¥- 7 0
>] 'tt £ a"J !t 7 0
*a"JJ j} 0
.. k- .... .. .t.h 1 /.f1 1l k -dE> -r.Ja-
«., t:J'.) / 1 37, ..::.r /f' )(. J * 0
B.
.
o
(9)
? j(t tJ"J J]J] j(t 7 0
31
.--
2 I
Sports
Mlmim
It fi f.J Jfl )JJ(
I'll teaEh you how to skate
' Text
- , - / . , / - .
A: -J1- , t1 1f1 -k it ilj<. P ?
/ / / / . -
B: A i. it .it ilj<.o
/ -. -
A: i. *- , ft 1 0
, , , . / .
;fro a a J:k .hh ,..J-
B : x.. I ' , x.. J<.. JR + r:l'J ::t- 0
/ - , / , - .
A: ft 1 ;f Jt !,Jif1,,}tJ !
, . - / - / .
B : JJ i3L , it ilj<.1 1fZ -1- 7 ?
/ . , / / , - . - / . /
A: it J:. -1- , .it, 1 a !,Jif1 j£ Pf y 0 1 $ 3tk 1t
. , ,
j£ -iJJ ?
- - / / - / /
B: Jr #- J;jt p N Jl J;jt 0
/ , - / / , . , / / ,
A : N Jl J;jt, Pf Jt $ 3tk Jl J;jt J;t -f. 0
. / / / .
B : 1 $ 3tk Jr J#] J;jt ;fP i ,7 p ?
/ / . / , , / , / - / ,
A : i . ,7 i 1Jf 4{f , Pf Jt ir J#] J;jt , -J1- i! ,t !
33
jL\ cd]
Sports
. '- . '- . - .
B: iT JAA) J;jt ;}T 1:tt Pf t. 7 , fJJ at 1 * 1 a
!,Jrpl1 0
...... ....... - ...... . ...... - '- " ....... " - - ...... ....... - ......
A : 1;t * a !,Jrp , JJ . *f 7 0 :it , 4'- 1;t 1:tt *
. " . --..........."....." .
a !£ , 1;t Pf 't l1Fcr !
....... "-".....,,.......
B: It. (A ? it Ill<. J£ iT P ?
...... " . ........... , - " ..... - - . .
A : JIJJ t ? Pf Jt it Ill<. t , lftt * P ?
..... . ....."............ -- ..... " " " "
B: Jt JIFcr , 1:tt h SJ ;f 1t 0
34
f iiR; )*
I'll teach you how to skate
3=tq] New Words
-iJJ ( , ) yundong sport; to have sports
it ;J hua bing to skate; skating
1t ( ) JIOO to teach
J1i ( IJ ) , most
ZUI
0 J:fr (%) ben stupid, silly
+
-t (%) nashau good at, expert at
. +
' ( ) tan to talk
1-3(.
,
. -Y- J ( ) plngpongqiu ping-pong, table tennis
.
U *$; ( ) tl to play (football)..
to kick
4ID JtJ ( ) , ., football.. soccer
zuqlu
m J;t ( , ) blsoi match; compete
y,
4B ;}r ( ) do to play
41) J#] J;R ( ) wongqiu tenn is
e ,..)- ,- you yang to swim; swimming
iJjf i1
. , t. (%) yfhon regretful
J..QL , , ...
0 { (%) bong very g,ood and skillful
. 'r ( ) po to be afraid of, to fear
4I3 (%) teng painful
4ID ;f ( ) " . to suffer
01
J* ( ) shuoi to fall .. to tumble.
jtt* ( ) gentou (to have) a fall
. ( ) konloi it seems that. . .
35
lli fiIJ
Sports
Notes
1 im::f UijjDJij
-.
Jo] ";f " * /F R 1f 1£ f* 14: 1', BX E8 T f* 1* , ,
E 1f f* , 'I ;Jt 0 i* Jc " ftg $& 1 " iSJ! 1ft T *" rp 14: 0 ";f"
f* ffl )!;%;% ffl1£ Jo] 0
Here";f" indicates that only under a certain condition or for a cer-
tain reason or purpose, would there come a certain result or a situation.
In this sentence, " g .1%iZ" is a condition to evaluate the teacher's
abil ity" This usage of ";f" often appears in a compound sentence.
( 1) 4ft 1*, ;t 1f. -kt 0
( lb 1 ' 1 rJ? d?. -J- -'-
2) 'I'J" rj1 , ;:r /J ;., 0
( 3 ) 7 ftl 0 °C ;t t ;J 0
2 i 1'l:
. . .
1£x1i , x11i M1 B1, 79 7 * /F C 59: 1fJt IJ 1' 7.1<SJ!-,
BX 79 7 i£ B ' 59: 1f Jt IJ f* l¥ Jt, OJ i£ " 1 =1' " "i£ =1' "0 " "
1fJt IJ / 'O
In a conversation, when praised, "1 /f'L" or "iR:f L" can be used
as a reply to show that one has not reached the level for which he /she is
praised, or one does not deserve such praise "J:" means a certain level
has been reached.
( 1) A: 1 a 1-1- -kt 0
B: -i /F J:. :Jtt, .R Jt J;t 1f 3} 0
(2) A: 1 1lZ$ 3tX 11 i 11 ?
B: i /F J:.$3tX, /F it 7if v p - , , JL 0
36
imj )*
, II teach you how to skate
3 fX)nJ )7j()nJ 1 m
.
i BX*3i )g m "q " Ji i£ B 1tBX$ m '11 pJTJt IJ *.¥1t
M 'k '.E. E3 :p::J r-8= .. k '.E.
I' p, :AE 'f.3:. JX I' l;p 0
If "1 " is used after a verb or an adjective and followed by a com-
plement to show what degree an action or a thing has reached, this com-
plement is called a complernent of degree..
( 1) 11t 1-fJ-1tz 'fic 0
( 2 ) 11t iJL 1-fJ- :Jtt *11. 7 0
(3) 1-fJ-*3t 7 0
19"tl (1), 19"IJ ( 2 ) " .. · .. · q fN t " "...... q T 1k 7" ?t 1] IJ £
" /8 X I '-h" " /8 X -117 "
· · · .. · 1 ...." I A". · . · 1 ....,'){T 0
The negative forms of " n.. n 1 iN tk" ( in Example (1)) and" n.. H .1
Jf&J" (in Example (2)) should be ".HH.1 /f't ".and ".H."1 J/f' J"
respectively 0
Q i * $€ iR, 1f l' ftp Jo] :
If there is an object after the verb in the sentence, either of the fol-
lowing two patterns can be used..
A. 11t 5l i% 1-fJ-1tz :Jtt 0 ( it #J i to repeat the verb)
B. 5li*11t 1-fJ-1tz-lfo } C.fe.}t*{Jt.Rfr to put the object in front of
11t 5li% 1-fJ-1tz-lfo the subject)
4 iffl t8 O QJ
.
"OJ" l£fJT 1 Jo] 1f "&, ¥" I " 1f B11f x}J I O
" DT " - 1I11 :/=:;" "[fE"" "A " "r7; ,* " A rei =-h '3 1::::::1 ::i:: 1!r 1!r :/=:;" '.E. /:= R-h '=:=1
.....J It=1 3t'A -sz:: t, j '1" t, l"'.t A)J [JJ, -DJ /I' rp rp 'A l;p ".PJJ [JJ 0
In an imperative sentence, "'i]J" means "must"; sometimes it shows
37
lliNJ
Sports
persuasion. An auxiliary verb, such as " ", " g" or "J i ", is often
used after U OJ", and an interjection is often put at the end of the sen-
tence..
( 1) r ik -1t , 7if Jk--f - , " JL JJ)tT !
(2) l) ro 1-[ -$- 7if Jk- IJ, I\;; JJ)tT !
( 3 ) R- a"; at 11 7if -Jtir F 0
Ii fX 1J ;:ff ]"
" *" 1£ Jo] T $ f }i A ig, N t $ xJ[ 'I ;5L it I!ff I ' 0 m !
JEJ 1f " ¥T" " *" o
" *" is a parenthetical expression in the sentence to show one's
inference according to the situation.. " if$T" or ". *" can be used
in the same way.
( 1) A: * a"; x./ft1 :¥i 5l1 11: 5l-kt 0
B: 1 1£l * :j; 0
(2) A: 1 * -t- :!J 7, 7if Jtk 1-1-i£1£l'f* 0
B: {f-=f1 4%0
( 3 ) A: :JL , " 7, 1 I i£ ?
B: R-1 7 0
Exerci ses
1 lID fc] 0
Answer the following questions.
( 1) 1 $ 3tk 1t 1£ #J ?
38
im )*.
r II teach you how to skate
( 2 ) 1t 1£ -iJJ 1* J;t -1- ?
( 3 ) 1* it iJ 111;? 1£ 1* a ?; 7if VA it iJ 111; ? it iJ a at 11 1* f
it )fit -!k 111;? 1* JYL 1£ it 1Jf It. {f?
( 4) '\ X '\ :fk '\ 1* !Jt11t 1£ -iJJ ?
( 5 ) 1£1* 1(1 ffi1 , 113 * $)tj: 1t 1£ -i}] ?
2 mt iRJi! PX:x'fi!o
Complete the di logues with the words in the brackets8
( 1) A: 1* * a 5R @J JL It. {f ?
B:
A: ;}T jf-;f 5R @J JL i-# a & fa] £ 0
B: ! ( I )
A: at *,-5R !lip 1 5R @J JL 0
? (/t)
B: 1 - /t $)tj: J1 ?
A: 0 1 iJL1tz ' flJ :Jtt a @J JL 0 (OJ xX)
(2) A: ! ( )
B: Jt JJ)tJ, -If a *'- Jt- i1 i *)1 00 J;t JL J;t JL 0
A: __! (I *)
B: 1* iJL 11 1(1 * p}] JL ?
A: J-Jlt. {f? (JXL ".... R7)
B: 1t, . jJl] 1 JEt;fg] tJL 0
39
b liJ]
Sports
m mm B, m W mm h o
Make dialogues on the following topics using the words given below.
*......7
... ...flk 7
OJ... ...7
... ...
( 1) ;t JtJ J;t 1f. 0
(2) ;t..I-t:k J&. o
( 3 ) 1 1t 1£ -iJJ iR + ?
( ) J b " '.1i. k /. --.., /.'E1 ,'" /, J.2 ?
4 'I'J" IA- 1;p ;& 1-JL1 XJ .
* 1JJ19IJ & To
Rewrite the follovving sentences after the examples.
19t1: WJ 1 1'*1 q To
WJ f l'* Nt£-¥o
. .
( 1) M; !lip J£ 1-¥- f 1ff -If 0
( 2 ) t$. t. i .:r 1-¥- x. '[* x. -If 0
( 3 ) 1 ;fT]! J ;fT 1-¥-1tz -If 0
( 4 ) i ,1 , it ;J , ;fT 1#] J -=- J: 1£ #J, i ,1 iR :Jtt 0
19t1: * ft 1fl :t: 9! D gg B111 tJrJ 7 * Jl 0
*ft1fl:t:Wi Dgg, rJB11 tJrJ 7* Jlo
. . .
(5) aj] ki". , , ttl * YL, ttl a"; at 1 t1 - r JL IJ, £ 0
( 6 ) %J *- It t% t. M; !£ EJ, flJ JJF k 11 1;1 Hi 1 -14- !£ EJ L 4h 0
( 7 ) £ JtJJ EJ r + Jt J J;t 1f., flJ JJF at 1;1 - * ;t J1 0
( 8 ) , r + }] \W ffi1, \W * M; at 1 -f!j- it 1t 0
40
i1.R }*
I'll teach you how to skate
19"tl: xX¥itt il!, OJ tf &o
xX¥itt il!, OJ i l:.tf &o
. . .
(9) +JJR -*'j£ 4ft, /F i1. fj -iJLJ£ M!. 0
(10) 1 1t-RJJIl )t , Pf Jf.j$ o
( 11) ftt x. iJL1-ffj£ 7k J!, 1!r)t -if 0
(12) iA7!J -# Pf Y'A;t, 1!r )t 1l4ff;,'& 0
19t1: 7C 7C *Wi Im1itJm il!, R JXl*,sJLo
7C *Wi Im1itJm il!, M JXl*,sJLo
. .
( 13) at :k1Jt)L1-ff 1t , i1.4f , , JL }f{ 0
" 1A:.. · JJ I! .'Jb -f:;" t:1 a J- 7
(14) "T PL-:R-/7j;'%, /' A..w 0
( 15 ) ftt 1ft] it. Jil] , )t 'f W 0
( 16 ) $ 5tk iJ , i1. 'tfJ t ll 0
II " " " " " " "1m" 'Ein fJi o
Fill in the blanks with h 1 '. , ., _ ., . h ,. , .. fi " or their negative
forms.
(1) A: 1
T 11 ?
B: To
A: :kr-f-
B: 11-, .r-f-
1£& Ji] 0
(2) ftt iJL -if 7 ,fp -!- ;t l&- , 5t. -!- 7 ?
(3) 1 t,\;, a}] k -V- J:. * , , m , flJ 0
T p ?
*- J ,
41
k!li1J
Sports
(4) f1JJ:k:t-£
-f , , JL 0
( 5 ) 11t Mtl
( 6 ) 1- iJL t j£
i*o
1t -f JjI -$- k, J1Jf y 4'- fIt
it ;J , J1Jf y j£ it 1-¥-1R ,t3c 0
-13- 1 I JL :k, J3L 1£
II m l' 9JJ iRJ if{ m px: * ¥ I' i! (f] T 0
Make sentences with complernents of degree using the words given be-
low..
19t1 : :X 'Zi i£ tMi { **) ifli£1 tMio
I l;J=I
( 1 ) it ;J ....Jb -i3
liF 1G
(2) &f a l ;JT J3 -tit
(3 ) #J 1R
( 4°) 51 1R ,t3c
(5) X- J;jt If¥; t. *ll. T
(6 ) f1JJ:k {e 1R-f
U ...mOO.(f]A ..ff ,#m ff o
Talk about the kind of sports the people in your country like the best and
why.
2
tGIiim
ftBUf,J- .H
I'll do exercises with you
>< Text
..... -
A: 1t!
..... -"" v v
B : J1i , Jt J-J \f1 0 1t * !
v v v v "" ..... . v..... v "" .
A: 1t * ! * YL 1 , 1 -:k t<.1t 1 ?
"" v v v . ..... . """"..... . .....
B : ;ff 0 -Hi: * #J 1 , @7 f1J 1 0
"" . ..... .......... v . ..... .
A: 1t #J? JYL {£ ; {f 1 ?
"" v . -..... "" ..... v ..... ..... v -. v _ _ ..... .
B : A:t- 1 , I\.; Rli * 0 JYL {£ * 1 , M- ttl f;t 1 0
..... ..... v "" ..... v v ..... "" ..... v ..... "" ..... v ..... .
A: 1!:yJG * 0 it , 1t * , Jt Jt #J 1 ?
"" v - v...... ....."""" v
r1 .:t: d -< * . 11- JLZ...
B : ij1] / U J\..... gj J , - -EL i.5L .XJ 0
..... - ..... ..... . .
A: -:k F;t 1 t1l1;?
..... . .........."" v - - ..... .
B : -:k 1 , JYL {£ j£ iT 4t "t Pi 0
v - "" ..... ..... .
A: 1t M- 1jf i£ -iJJ t1l1; ?
..... . "" v V"" - .
B : 1! 'Ii: , l1JJ ;ff at fa] 11For !
..... "" ..... ..... ..... ..... v . - ..... v v v v . ..... v.
A: 'Ii: 4ft 1* 0 -f L * , Pf y j j !Y , iT iT
43
zJJ
Sports
, - , , , , , , , v , .
* ' . .1'- $ * 4F * ' VL -- t:Y d r::=:") 1
';iA rr? , JJ., - ... H fi!. ,==,
o,; ;p " "' L .:a- n , " gJ 0
, , , v - _ , _ .
B: J {f. * At, a}] 1f- k -1j- iJL 11 0
v, v v v , , v , - v v - v , v , ,
A: , 1 8 W - -}f ;y-JG 7t f; 0 jft 1 - 4jt 1* 0
, " . v . v v . ",
B: 4t 11 , -f J:. * 0
v, , v v. ,
A: -!- Jf 1 , , {f?
, . - - , , , v .
B: iJL , f #1 1* Pf 1 ?
- , , v , , - v, v v. ", ", ", ", _
B: , #1 1* 1ft 0 -}f, , >J ;fP 3-
, .
f1= ?
.t, t Je\A Words
( QR ) yo an interjection
*fR (%) hoojiu for a long time
*1t" ( ) luxfng to travel
#J ( , ) bing to fall ill. to be sick;
illness
@] ( ) huf to return, to come
back
. (M) 100 old
I\.;; RJi ( ) , heart
xlnzang
. ttlF;t chO yuan to leave the hospital
.
44
Et?iiR- fi't ,
II do exercises with yOU
. ( ) lionse countenance ..
complexion
I t==1 ( , ) v " cold; to catch a cold
'..::....... gonmoo
-j[ ( ia lJ ) Ylzhf continuously" always
;tT 4t do zhen to have an injection
A ( ia lJ ) jTngchang often
..; $
... ... ... ... " " the more. . . ..
yue... ... yue... ...
the more. . .
4$1 1* ( ) duanlian to do physical
exercises; to work out
tfr/::: ( ) k6ngql air
.::r:.. --c
j -!Y poo bu to run
. *- *It ( ) taijlquan taichi
.
a (%) , " likely
n rongYI easy,
k. ( ) deng to wait
I -f
-}f- t; ( ) kaishT to begin.. to start
- ( ia lJ ) " v together
Ylql
-i) t1 ( ) .. " to call
JIOO
f...... Pf fei...... buke must II have to
PK ( ia ) dang ran certainly
J""
1=g I ')per NOl nc:
* 1
Wrn
Mucun
Shantian
Kimura (name of a person)
Yamada (name of a person)
45
ldJ
Sports
" Notes
LL [Q]
ff !l: i OJ * 1 ffl 0 -g-15 iPJ 8 "AA", Q "
"; Q * 11= * JJX 8 , OJ iJt JJX "A - A", Q " - "; Q
* 11= E JJX B , iJt JJX "A 7 A", 5lQ " 7 " 0
Some of the verbs can be reduplicated in one sentence. The redupli-
cated form of a monosyllabic verb is "AA", for instance " ;g"; if the
action has not been done, "A - A" can be used, for instance " -;g" ;
if the action has been done, "A -r A" should be used, for instance
7 ".
xJ(-g-15 i 8 * % "ABAB", Q "1*, ,1*, ,", 18]/f'ttgj]Q "-" 0
The re,dupl icated forrn of a disyllabic verb is U ABAB", for instance
, . * I ' 1;,t ,", and "-" cannot be inserted.
fflOJ * M *. o
The redupl icated verb form can indicate a short and quick action.
( 1) 1-tt X T X, t. /f=f iJL 1 0
(2) 1-ttmJ T mJ, s-iJG $ ttl T 0
i OJ * /F it 0
The redupl icated verb form can indicate an attempt or trial.
( 3 ) -1'- t. {- JL 1 J]!. 1 J]!. j£ f: rn 0
(4) rn rn , ,'tZ{-fo
5lQ * * 8 11= £ m '11 8 59: ff tift) )E 81 18] 8 , i m *
:/=;" " ." A if. \ " "Jl'* 1m " f1{1 =:sI... EE
'F3 =fI. T pm ISC 1=1 'J Irs, I ' 0
46
i(Ri1.R- W\
'II do exercises with vou
If the action happens frequently or irregularly, the redupl icated verb
form express s a I ight and relaxed tone
( 5 ) A l rr- , k l rr- , k J: -r a 1==1 -<
/ "" 'tf }iF 'tf }iF ,"l..JL /f' :a-?J) , , W J 0
( 6 ) 1 at 11 ;Jr ;Jr J 1;, !£ l' 1ft ,t 'fJc 0
(7) K:k i ,J , :ki1ti1t;J , 3r1*- 1 *0
Il 1mB B'.1" 1'8] ItIQJ
- & o& . fi, - * o
]£ *D f I'D] t OJ 1JQL& I'D] m f PX& I'D] 0 )E% tB!
& )E, )E% tBm & )Eo
It's a rhetorical question. A rhetorical question needs no reply and its
function is for emphasis.. Declarative sentences and all types of interroga-
tive sentences can be used in rhetorical tone. A negative rhetorical ques-
tion is used to emphasize affirmation, but an affirmative rhetorical one
emphasizes negation..
( 1) A p}] p it 14- .. JL pFey? ( A p it 14- .. JL )
(2) 1 /'t it%? (1 pit)
Il J tmnt-
" A B" * i£f.¥JiL B i A B 1JQ)*rm1JQ)*o
" A B" means the degree of B increases with A
A *D B B I m OJ * f6J 0
A and B can share the same subject.
( 1) -!IJ *- 0
(2) A 0
47
li1J
Sports
A *D B 8 I mOJ :f o
A and B can have different subjects.
(3) -g- it, * >J 0
(4) I ' 1 %iJf 0
Ii Zi$L =1f J
" ...... :fOJ" * /F -)E f¥o " " }g * i i 9X i
iEi, m OJ m i 9X1g; A i 9X1{i , B1 OJ1JQ..r ftg i
" " 0 ":f OJ " m OJ t PX ":f ij" ":f PX" 0
" · · · · · · :f: OJ" means must do something in this way. " " often pre-
cedes verbs, verbal phrases, subject-predicate phrases, personal nouns or
pronouns. Sometimes the auxiliary verb "i " can be used after " ". In " F
- . · . · · =1' oJ", " :f 1-1" or "=1' fit" can be used instead of "=1' OJ" .
( 1) fj- iJL -)( -)( -!- 11 gJ, :kt f * P[ 0
(2) MI, -Jf-j(f l! +.. , f 1-1-1 ll ); P[ 0
Exercises
1 @] fD] o
Answer the following questions.
( 1) 1 VA 1W 1-1- it 11 ? 1t ?
(2) -5tP * if4$t1* 1* £1-1- ?
( 3 ) 1 if 4$t 1* 1* "E;? :t 4$t 1* ?
(4) f if ,t a at1J , 1 :t 4$t1*?
( 5 ) tf &=1 VA 16 1 l! 4$t 1* 1* "E;? 1t at 1 ? 1£ p}] JL
4$t 1* ?
48
fXi i1.R- fi
I'll do exercises with you
iijjf9IJ To
Rewrite the following sentences after the examples.
19t1: 1 1* TJ!EYi f i*o
1 1* T EYi f i*o
. .
( 1) * **- 5t if iJL 1-1- tt VA tW iL ,fIJ 1 0
( 2 ) 1 u;w" *JL 1& 1 0
( 3 ) $l tt fXJtl ;t -!IJ 1-1- k 1, k jJlJ ttl * 1 0
19t1: ft A *$7f tT:;tf o
ft A*$7f - tT:;tf o
. .
( 4 ) 11'1 tA iA i jtl J 1£ k :4 f 'it -1tf a{; }]}] 0
( 5) 11t 1ft -f itlL jlJ 'f 00 >J 5t if 0
( 6 ) t1t Jt 1R VA 16, 1 t 1 -f; i. -T jJlJ a{; 0
(7) 1ft -f itlL pJfiJLii 1 a{; , Pf ktA * 5t. YL it 1 0
19t1: £J- * B T 7 }g, ft .fL IJ @] * 7 0
£J-*B - Tft8;t@]* 7 0
. .
( 8 ) fXJtl *- 1'1, itlL .t jtl1 }]}] * a{; '-6 0
( 9 ) VA 16, J:. -Jf 1if; .:r..1t 1 0
(10) 1 l1t 7t1R, IJ J:.J)1* 1 0
( 11) 1 11'1 jtl £ $J] * "t -T 0
19t1: f¥8 )L8;t rD]/J\ o
f¥8 )L rD]/J\ :fDJ 0
. . .
(12) i!-JhJtJ;jt , lt -1tf*o 1 *, - -f*o
(13) ki!- ) , 1 a{; JJJti!- ', - W a{; 0
( 14 ) k *- iJL 1 a{; #J j£ t. -1tf, ttl FJt, Pf k 11t - ttl FJt 0
( 15 ) iff 1 Wi r, 1£ i!- JL t1t 1R, P[ k 11t - k 0
49
ldJ
'Sports
3 )l£ llt a9iRJi!ii o
Fill in the blanks vvith the appropriate words from the list given below
-H
T fA.
iR
'
1!}l L
7
.. · · · · =1' OJ
\-.p.
- · · · · · · 1!)lL · · . . · ·
EI EI
:AE.....I' :AE
(1) * - )L, R
( 2 ) A 1[1 t. tB * 1ft iV T 0
( 3 ) * * A JL , , yJL jt5 1f- 7r di1 })J] 0
( ) A .1L ;fA --c- !L -J; 1 ' 1 -J.. ..... ..,.. prO ?
4 :.A- /, .,,,,, r --, x.. , -:A 'Jlf 1 1 ]<. u.
B: r i*- VA 16 0
( 5 ) 1 * 7r j M- JL *- T, :t j£ ?
#J T?
(6) *- * iJ:1 M-M- )L1;f.1 ' Pf 1
(7) IJ'..£ 1 .fIJ £ a 1t
( 8 ) -¥- ffi- a ?}: tt 4' -f- M-
(9) k*-4jt1* YJL
*0
* J:. i*- 0
-iJJ *J:., T 0
o
T=;1-<
I ' W J 0
4 fflzroiRJ @ o
Make sentences with the verbs in their reduplicated forms.
19 : 1 1r]tBi5t 1'Et! :f , BJ3 fttf1* 0
( 1) Pjf
( 2 ) iT
( 3 ) t1
( 4) vt
(5) 1L
50
fX i1.R- W
I'll dp exercises with you
( 6) 1 I
( 7 ) 1 J:l
1.1 &tm1 r*J T x'fi 0
Make dialogues based on the following statements and questions
( 1) t<.1t Jt J}t$5tk a j£ -iJJ.z - 0
( 2 ) 4'- -if- ;f 1rl 11'1 k k * i1j<., :Jtt p ?
( 3 ) 1 a :Jtt 1, p 11'1 yJG jf- t; 4ft 1*, It- {f ?
( 4 ) * , t1 1 0
II i i 1mifl At;* U 1*o
TeU how the people in your country exercise to keep fit.
51
3 iI
T r-anspor-t.at.ion
M I. iI $
Waiting for a bus
' )( Text
" - -. '''' v v " " _ .
A: A It. 11 , *f 5 if- 1 ?
, ,,- - , , v - " , ,,,_
B: , J 1£ if- , J$- , - JL yJG if- 0
, , . ,-. " " . v , . v , v , v , v ,
A: $ {-f -r , J: JjI a A t 1 *- J a YA 7r , *f 1t ' 7r
, "
J Ao
- - v - . " , " v v - - , v v, , " " v
B: l1JT i3L t * €J"J 1iL -iJJ A p ;l[ it 11- 1i 7i , 7r I1J A
, " , -
o
- , " v v, - " v , , . , , v _
A: It.. 1-1- 1 , ;k ili 1'1 1ft 'ff-] a yJG * if- 0
, , v -. V", . - - _, v
B: J 1£ *f 1 0 YA tW ftl 1 , if- * 0
- - " . " , , , v , . ,-, - . v " v
A: , - + A J; ' J , :k 1£ if- :l. * *
, -, " ,
-!-,It. J,o
v " v . ,_ _" "
B: at*1-f ,if- o
'.-.-v- --v-". v
A: 'J t , * if- 1 0
53
Slim
T ranS lortat ion
..... ..... _ " ..... v. .......... v v v " v . - ..... ..... "
B : J 1£ if- k 3r 1 , it j$- J;t YA tW *f 1-¥- , 5l Jt J
..... ..... ..... _ ..... ..... _..... ..... ..... _" ..... _ " v ..... .
;I$-, 5lJt *j$-, j$-, iL {ff, it1!f{ff 1
..... v
' 0
"..... "..... _ _ " ..... . ..... ..... " ..... ..... v . -.....-
A : it , JA rp 1i j£ Jt + k )0] Jl! , it j *f 1 , if- 5l
. .. v - ..... ..... " " "
1, " if-"Y!iJ:A o
v " ..... . v....." -...... .
B: Pf Jt 0 *f 1t if- 1 , Jt 331 t1 ?
..... " . ..... .
A: Jt, t1 11'1 1:. J1 !
i, New Words
0 { } j iaot6ng traffic
8 j ( ) xianlu line. route
8 ${f kan yangzi it looks as if" it seems
0 r ... ... y >'1' chule...... yTwai besides - except
. *J ( ) bendl local
. -Jtt 1t ( iE ) haoxiang seemingly
>'rJ ( ) waidl other parts of the
country other than
where one is
54
$
l\Jaiting for a bus
(;) '.;; #J ( ) I iudong to float
IJJu
. Aa ( ) renkou population
«0 it ( ) chaoguo to exceed, to surpass
. 1-1- 7 bu deliao serious
4B ff ( , m) .v to crowd; crowded
J I
Q) t!; ( ) zhan to occupy
>-
-fk. ( ) bantian a long time" quite
a while
. Jt (Ji) yaoshi if
ill) IJ gua feng to blow
. ;It ( ) xTbei northwest
41;) 7 shou bu liao cannot bear, to be
unable to endure
m J J$. ( ) huanlu ring road
-J1.P J$. ( ) gaojialu elevated highway
W J$. ( ) gaosulu expressway
3- ( ) IIjiaoqiao overpass" flyover
it 1ft ( ) guojieqiao pedestrian overpass
( ) . . " to build
Jlan
*-$. du che traffic jam
iJ: (11') " (to be used in a sentence
rang
of passive voice to intro-
duce the agent)
. -*1+ (m) touteng headache
.55
iiI
Transportation
51: Notes
L!. 1: rJI fI'SJ A "! !m fI'SJ
" 7 ... .. · ( 9 )" OJ * /J' /f'it.l£ tAJ ( " 9 " OJ * ) 0
" 7 ........ ( X 9 }"- indicates that something is not included. "k
9 " can be omitted.
a.* /J' M .*/f' $* , . $*.ffi o W
1f "tB " " " rPf EY 0
It indicates that after deducting the part which is different from the
whole, the rest are the same.. " tr " or " " is often used in the latter
part of the sentence.
( 1) 7 11t VA 71', 11'1 * *.t 0
(2) 7 !t , 11t 71lJ:.i*0
( 3 ) 7 /1]<. VA 71', 11'1 , /1]<. 0
b. * /J' 13 * 0 W 1f " " " m " rPf EY 0
It indicates the same relationship. U " or U m" is often used in the
latter part of the sentence.
( 4) 7 ' /1]<. VA 71', j£ ill<. 0
( 5 ) 7 $ 3tk if VA 71', $ 3tk -t If; 0
( 6 ) 1;1 7 !l $J] E11 I VA 71', !l $}] * 1 I 0
c. 1m ffl " 59: (1f)" "/f''' S$ i Qt[ - $ 11= 0
When the second part of the sentence has "59: (1f)" or "::t:", it
emphasizes that the thing or action mentioned in the first part of the sen-
tence is the only one.
56
$
Waiting for a bus
( 7 ) t r * JA VA 71', jJl] a J 5t. * ii 0
(8) t r £JtJ] '\ £$J] E1 VA 71', {f. 0
(9) £ $J] E1 t r i1G -RJJJt VA 71', {tt jJl] a .. JL 0
11 =1' 9 ttHA
iE tl iEJ " T 1 " OJ ){ * /J' 1t it 0
The adverb " J1 " is used to make an estimation.
(1) -t-f-T, 1-tt-Jtt1 r 0
(2) 1t 1-tt 5l iJL 5lit, :Jtt1 1Et 0
" T1 " OJ * /J' 1fi1 f$ Ep 0
" t-1 " can also indicate having an impression about something
( 3 ) :Jtt 1 1£ l1JJ J L JL ii 1it 0
(4) J1F + :Jtt1 ii #iaJ 0
11. 7\: ft$mtfi tfi
" iEJ +=* + iEJ + *" ¥ m 5!* /J' 11=& J! iJ 0
The structure "verb ...+..... =* ...+..... verb ...f..... *" indicates the repetition of an
action.
( 1) 1-tt * 1;P it ii ':iJl r 0
(2) 1-tt1££ -T * * *, k1WGl£ ,1t J 0
( ) ;tm;h.;tm""'. '-r a '-h b -r ..... - 'I- /.-
3 ..:f I ' J ' -A, K.. I;JC JL /f' -A f<-1-r 0
Ii Bt J* . $1"*
iE tl iEJ ";f " OJ * /J' iA :7g ij :7g 11= !J\!, at :9X ffi B1 (8] *,
57
3lil
Transportation
OJ ){* /1' iA1J m Y 0
The adverb " " is used to indicate an action has taken place too
late or too slowly, and it can also indicate that the speaker thinks the
quantity is too small.
( 1 )
(2)
(3)
(4)
i:t 7 -f /J' at, 1-tt;f o ( late)
.
;fT 7 -=- ik 'f;;f ;f fU 1-tt 0 ( Jfj a at fal *- long duration)
.
i!.1t *-RJt ;f -t Jk 4\ 0 (4 j' a small amoun t of money)
.
*JA ;f * i:t - ik, ;iL ii * JL ik 0 (4- a ik4it j' low
.
frequency)
Ii
"t $" WLiJ:A
.
- . o N , *M, MMm
" it " "04" " " " ,&: " I * w: * , fl PX ,&: 0 m " it " "04" B1 &,
1f w: * , m " " " ,&:" B1 w: * OJ 1f OJ 7C 0 " it" "04" " " tt
" ,&: " IJ i 1t 0
This is a sentence of passive voice.. In such sentences when the sub-
ject of the sentence is a receiver of an action, the agent of the action is
often introduced by a preposition, such as "it, u , " or " &". If the
preposition of "it" or "uq" is used, the agent of the action must appear
in the sentence. If" " or ":f " is used, th agent of the action mayor
may not appear in the sentence. A sentence of passive voice with the
preposition of "it", "U4" or " *" is more colloquial than the one with
" & " .
( 1) 1-tt t1 / iJ: If-;fi 7, ,tft * 0
( 2 ) 1'1 Jt / ( ) 'J -]f- 7 0
( 3 ) 1-tt Jt / iJ: t1 -*- 7 0
(4) .1-tt Jt/ (/ ) (poi send) jlJ ffiJ 71'* r 0
58
$
Waiting for a bus
I.i "m$" iJ:A
" 1%" OJ * /1' IJ $'I /f' TV}, *, OJ f 5c1EiB, i iB 0
" 1%" can mean that something is difficult to do. " 1%" can be
used as an attribute or a predicate.
( 1) 1 1it J1 a {-f- -r, - )t E& fU 7 * a -. JL 0
(2) 1itJ}l* a )t x. 0
(3) 1t-'JL iJ:A.* 0
t ;g Exercises
1 [Q] I'D] 0
Answer the following questions.
( 1) t :t: VA 16 1 ii \ if- P1!j ? ii J 4j( P1!j? i>L - i>L 1
if-, if-a + OLo
( 2 ) 1 * ii a J , pJJ J L a iL JJ A. 13 J}l ?
2 m t :€ iiij i! I£x'fi! 0
Complete the dialogues with the words given in the brackets.
( 1 ) A: o ( T1 )
B: f] 1(1 jJ1J 11tj- if- * 7 , if- *11 0
(2) A: 1 ;f ,'t J:. i* ?
B. 0 ( T1 )
. --
(3) A: aj] 1(1 * YL& , 1 * pit pit ?
B. 0 ( T1 )
.
59
iI
Transportation
(4) A:
B: 1Ft P[ , J l£ J:. -t -=-, , r 0
(5) A: ;t if-a A.i! ?
B.
.
(6) A: 1L, , r, 1 :t i£ t. fiK?
B.
.
o ( ¥T)
o ( ¥T)
o ( ¥T)
* fJJ19IJ T 0
Rewrite the following sentences after the examples.
m: Mft. . ., M ft.ili*o
--. M 7 !t 9 , ft. aJG tB .o
. . . .
( 1) 4'-.k t * 5t. 71lJ:. i*-, )JI] A. r 0
( 2 ) it ;J ft +, )JI] a 1£ -#J -r 0
(3) .k -f- i!l? -tV, r t- i£j A-J;jt 0
(4) 1 x.i*, i£ *i* p*i*o
m:ft ** * , **70
--. ft 1% ** :l:m * , *1*7 0
. .
( 5 ) if- i! J}, J!- t1 A. # JJIt 0
(6) 1 E&f r -1t1Ft 1td)'a .)L, pit:t. d),;f:Jtto
'J- /. - 11-+- ill i-3= hh a -:?- k a:,
(7) f<.1-r 'J' JR J:1:. t:J'.} K.. *' ..::r 0
( 8 ) * J1 1'- J -}j J1t t1 A. . a Jt if- :k -}j 1 0
60
$
Naiting for a bus
4 '1 3 iRJi!fJi o
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words from the list given below.
I'"
r :wf¥-f- =F7( q 7 * :ft
( 1 ) 1 7!J 1t -1'-A. 1'- At 1i. ?
(2) i!. J' 1k & JIij .£ JIg JIg , ;!- ?
(3) a .:f; ? { 7 70
(4) , 4'-:k r o
(5) rf1.£a A. 1 0
(6) 11t-f-i3L * F.tJt#J, Pf jlJ 4'- :k *0
5 ml'W H i!@ o
Make sentences with the phrases given below.
( 1 ) {1} {1}*
(2 ) *
(3) ;f ;f *
(4) , ,*
· i i -,X T 'IW;Ro
Talk about one of your travelling experiences.
;c-t.
H.:i! -iIfj - M c 1- ...,.
1(..1 )j]"i D I::J fT -=F
What. a beaut.iful bicycle
' :Q: Text
v .... . . .... " - " . " . v .
A: .Jff ilt a W 1t if- ! 1t at 1 a ?
" - - V" ".... " " .... .
B: at f;;.. Mtl , J£ ;g * )t 0
.... .... .... " .... . v........ " _ .... _ .... _ .... _ .
A: 1:£ 1£ k J rf1 , 4 W 1t if- , 1: 1 f f 8"JG j;- 1t. 7 0
v " . " - v .... - .... .... - " .... . v - . " . v
B : at 11 l} if- J;t / \ if- J£ ,t}C , * if- a at 1
" ....
,t 0
v " .... v .... - v .... " - v . - .... .... v .... .... "
A : - ik if- , JE; mi l} if- , 11'1 i9 ;t 1£ 1i )t k 1!
" v.... v - " v v . ....
,..1 p JL, 1 ?i *:!: {f?
v .... . v .... - v " .... .... v .... . " . _ v _ _
B : 1 7 ik if- , i k iT ,if. jU a at 1 , :1lt T7t
. v v - - " .
7 .Jff JL rt ;J * JL 7 0
" .... .... - .... . v .
A: -;t :1lt % iJf 1 a 0
v v v - " .... " - . " v _ .... v _ v .... " .
B: " t :1: l} W 1t if- a A 1ft , ,t * if- -
.... .... . " - .
a 1ZSl11 ?
62
E- / e E3f :r $
Nhat a beautiful bicycle
- - v - -" .... . - v " - v " .... .... " _
A: Pfj- iJt 1rt , ft A :t - 4 W 1-[ -$- 0
- " .... .... .... .... " - .... - . " - .
B: tf W1 k WG Jt 1-[ -$- 1ft a{; W1 11 ?
.... . -" . " . ........ - . .... . - .... " - v "
A: Jt a{; 0 M1 a at 11 , $ jU 1 f f 1: }] W 1-[ -$- ,
. v - "
/. e /. 8# ' .-:A-
1-if 1 ',,?: PJ 0
v .... . v v . " - - " v .... " " " .... " _ "
B: 5( * JJt $ 3t): l} -$- , 1 J£ iT jf- sA Jf- " W 1-[ -$- -1.
" ,,-.
W1 " l} -$- 0
v v v .... v ".... v.... . " . . " v .
A: ;JT jf- - 4 0 1 + * :r a J£ 11 ?
v. -. . v V" " .
B : pFCJ , 0 1 M. ,t:k: 4- 11 0
" . .... v v.... "V" . " " _ .
A : t 7 # y 71' , J£ )}IJ ;g * -$- 11 ?
" -.... " v v v v v "
B: .. * 4;]= " p "7i<- " 1rt ;g 0
v v .... .... .... v .... . v v .... . _ .... . _ _ _ "
A: 1: iJG 4- 0 Jt jU 7 -$-, + £ JljJ :k PW
. " - .... " " " .
11'1 l} -$- 4- ml sA r&111 0
" .
B : 1-[ pFCJ 0
63
iiI
T ransportat ion
.:E t New Words
JXJtl ( IJ ) gang just, exactly
X*- ( ) , , . name brand
mlngpol
( ) hUG goods, commodity
Y...
JA rf1 ( ) chengsh I city
J:.1 1 f shang j ie to go to town, to go
shopping
. 7i1 (%) fangbian convenient
l) (Ej]) , to ride
ql
. 9 h (Ej]) yuedlng to appoint, to arrange
. ".. )L
. 111n *-1 ( ) baihuQ dalou department store (Here it
refers to Beijing Depart-
ment Store. )
Ii) 1'1 p ( ) menkou entrance, doorway
t (Ej]) COI to guess
,it (Ej]) v to hurry
gon
. tt ( ) gen a measure word
Ill<- ) L ( ) bTnggunr ice-lolly, popsicle
-;t ( IJ ) yfdlng certainly
D )J l!5J ( ) , -
yuonYln reason
ft (% ) chabudu6 almost; nearly
,g. "E1 (Ej]) juede to feel. to think
YL1-if
J!) ' ti %) .- , surprised. surprising
Jlngql
J!) JJt ( IJ ) tTng quite, rather
;JT -n. (Ej] ) dasuan to intend.. to plan; In-
.. ,..u"'.. i rw
64
:r ) e E3 l:r $
Nhat a beautiful bicycle
£ ( ) kingdom
wongguo
* -=r- ( ) . . brand. trademark
POIZI
,it ,tft ( iE tJ ) gankuai quickly, at once
(%) youmfng well-known.. famous
Proper Nouns
} I'J I'J
1! 1
7k
B 1m
Mall
Mary
Giant (brand of a bicycle)
Forever (brand of a bicycle)
Yuanming Yuan, originally a
large imperial garden in the
Q,ing Dynasty
Jie'ante
Yongjiu
Yuanmfng Yuan
Notes
Il tl! %ffi)l3 tr $
" T+% i ", " T" OJ * /J' *¥Ji)*, QX B ig o
The structure " t- -t- adj. " indicates that the degree of something has
reached a high level. It implies an exclamatory tone.
(1) *fi ft!J pJtr!
(2) k1 1 f J:.*f f$] 0
(3) at*-*fllt ;t o
65
iI
Transportation
.1. itZBt
Jo] i OJ i£ JJX " it 811 B " 0 " ( ) · .. ... " * /F 11=
E 15t , OJ m * i£ B 11= 15t 81 18], !fu / , 11 0 " " 1£
Jo] OJ _M, 1£ Jo] .Mo
The sentence can be said as " 1+ 81 11 ". The structure
"( ) · . · . .. " can indicate that the action has al ready been done. The
structure indicates the time or place of the action, or how the action took
place. " " can be omitted in affirmative sentences, but not in negative
sentences.
(1) (}l) i' , , ft!J 0 (at fa])
( 2 ) ( }l ) l) 1-t if- ft!J 0 ( -}j A)
(3) ft!J1 }l / J&1-!-ft!Jo (J , ,)
Q iEJ ig, ig£ $, JnIJ ig- 9:1£ " " }go
If an object follows the verb and is the receiver of the action, the
object is generally placed after " ".
( 4 ) ( }l ) 3- yrp t1t ft!J t -r 0
(5) 1 }l tf a 5t 0
Q ig pJT iEl, 1£ " " 1M}g i5:J OJ 0
If the object is a word indicating location, it can be placed either
before or after " ".
( 6 ) ( }l ) i' , , ft!J 0
(}l) / , , a 0
(7) }l \if-*ft!J*J o
}l \if-**J a 0
66
mJE3f J $
What a beautiful bicycle
I.l 7C U
" *" 1£ i " " }g, £ fBl * ig, * /F 11= i£ ii5 A
pJT1£!fuJtt J B o &z, * /F 11=£1r i£ii5APJT1£!fuJtt J ' m "-t" 0
"*", after the verb " ", is the simple complement of direction. It
indicates that the action is coming towards the direction of the speaker. If
the action is away from the speaker's direction, "-ft" should be used after
the verb.
( 1) 1 A1t J:. r 7 0 (i3L '-6 A.{£1t r)
(2) J:. iJG T * 0 (i3L '-6 A.{£1t J:.)
5lQ ig, ig £ * /F B , 1iL ii tt $ EB, - 9: & 1£ * ig z
}g, ih DJl.i 1£ i *D * ig z (8] 0
If there is an object indicating a thing, the object can be put either
between the verb and the complement, or after the complement.
(3) 1 - 4{} o
11t - 4{} o
(4) 11t - .:f; 0
11t - .:f; o
:QQ ig * /J, pJT , YlIJ R flg1£ i *D* ig z (8] 0
If the object indicates location, the object can be placed only be-
tween the verb and the cornplement.
(5) . T1t*o
(6) 1 *£ p o
I.i JH 3! $
i R ig " $" 1£ 1 i "g " igo lJ: * /F /L'J!
M =+. '-:=1 -H+- =+. '-:=1 h: D '.E. JfIT '.E. Q 17 l " ' # -" ".IT. -hb." " r.J! " =+. '-:=1
,, , J:1'J AlJ 1DJ m TfT AlJ 1DJ 7' t=1 IrJ.>t t=1 0 7J >'1' , Jlt -IJ j I }l.r:I - .;.!J;: 'T AlJ 1DJ
67
iI
Transportation
J.J,., -H+- =+. '3 /r- '11. JtIT '11.
- m m TfT AlJ DJ 7'fl 11=I.x 0
The verbal phrase " $." is the object of the verb " ):". Verbs in-
dicating mental states often have a verbal phrase as the object. Other
verbs, such as "* 1J '" "IT yf1" and " '* g ", also often take a verbal
phrase as the objects.
( 1) ;,fj; -f I JL flJ fJ"; 1t 0
( 2 ) aj] 11'1 -1f t :i!. + );7] iZt 1-t it ii- 0
(3) #J 1 VAJ6, 1it Ilii 4jt;J:* {f.o
(4) *If- ;f -]f-1lf; 5t i% 0
t Exercises
1 @] fc] o
Answer the following questions.
( 1) 1 m 1-t if- 11 ? Jt 1t at 1 fJ"; ?
( 2 ) tf VA J61 it m 1-t if- 11 ?
( 3 ) 7!J 1t tf fJ"; *- JA rr l) if- ft!J A. 4t )J1] ?
(4) 7!J 1t iJL tf Jt" m 1-t if- 3- "?
2 mf :€iRJi!@] fc] o
Answer these questions using the words given in the brackets.
(1) A: ,t*-t, 1, 1it:t j£1£t1t-fi ?
B.
.
(2) A: 'J' 1kft!J#J:t {f1?
B:
( 3 ) A: :i!. Jt at M1 ft!J .{; , 1 ,'t {f ?
B.
.
o ( IJ)
o ( IJ)
( EI )
o JIl!, 1v
68
E- E3 f:r $
'Nhat a be.autlful bicycle
(4) A: 1t 1t (A £. l) -$ J:. J)l ?
B: ( g /8 )
0 JIl!, iv
(5) A: 1t 1t (A at 1 U!] ?
B. 0 (1T )
.
(6) A: 1 1t (A i&flJ 7 ?
B: 0 (- )
(7) A: IJ, .£. , t1JT i3L 4--- Jt 1t fr!J !t E1 0
B: 1t ,'t (A 1;p it fl-!; ? 0 (- )
U mmm w,m W .m h o
Make a dialogue based on the following statements and questions using
the words given below.
r
-......
1 ...... -1E f1!
19"tl: ft- T-o
A: # ! o
. .
B: Jt t1 ? 1t t Jt i1i fr!J ?
. . .
A: 1t -j( -j( ?
B: ,Jt fr!J-+M fr!Jo Jt #!tE1
fr!JoJt *fr!J- £ fr!Jo
A: (A i3L, 1t JJJJ - 1tt$ k 1t 0
. .
B: $ k o
(1) fl-!;.:f; JL7 0
(2) * t$. 7 0
) -1:' a -r TiJ -<
( 3 ,fr J'" /f' Ju .J 0
( 4 ) at 1;1 * 'J 7 0
69
iI
Transportation
11*3 iRJi!fJi o
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words from the list given below
or
u t1!
* =!:
#,m
=1'
1E
-)E
( 1) at *- IJ, 1[] _ _ * 1 0
(2) 'J' 1k Jt1 a{;1 -T, *1-1-lftl1 -{fo
( 3 ) / -$- ,tlc a{;, iflL Jt :f if- at f a l *- * 0
( 4 ) 1t , 7!J 1t J 1£ ifJG k ?
( 5 ) 1 i\.. , A :1.. ttl * a{;, Pf flJ *JL Jh }J}] 1 0
(6) -Jtt1 x 1, 1t pitJt 1t P ?
( 7 ) 1t , , J' £ - + J « ;ftl *JL 0
( 8 ) + J- r :t r ft!J ro -1-t -$-1R 0
(9) 1[] :t EJ JJ k1 1tt o
(10) 1ti>L * Jt , *-1 o
II JAmJi5- iRJi!fJi o
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words given in the brackets.
( 1) at *- * 1 It f a l ft!J at 11 , 1t
( '1 /8 >{::E *13 )
J\ /'.1 JIl!, 1 j ICJ'
( 2) ,f ft!J -HJj- -$- .Jt. i!t 1t
( .. · .. · OJ 7 ... ... 9 $ · .. .. · .. · .. · .. · ... )
(3) 1 1'-6, %ijf J -. JL, t1 *1 JJ JL 0
( -1E M 19c IJ B11 )
1 iEl£-f1t ?
o
70
)j- e E3f :r $
What a beautiful bicycle
(4)
(5)
*f*f )L1;f.J 0 (/f' T /L'M IL'M/f' T IL'M)
.$- j£Jt X* 0 (1fu * 1fu *
1fu 1fu )
(6)
k o
T X X X X T)
( X X T T X X
( 7 ) 1 11'1 $ 5tk
rJZ ft 1 j: t& rJZ t )
( 8 ) * !J11 tt 0 ( -1' N JE 1*
-1'JE -1'JE ffi JE )
o
( rJZ ft 1 j: t rJZ ft 1 j: t
. '* '* TI;5 7L M J-Po t:!5' +n lE:-h t:!5'
1:.1 t:x t:x .::IPJ -=F- R "IJL 'n' If uoc 'n' 0
Talk about the advantages and disadvantages of travelling by bike
71
x
Art
!rG \ im
ftPI.r iRI3K.
I think she likes dancing bett Ii r
:R Text
- - . , - , , ,
A: BYt J:. r: ttl , 1 -k -k ?
- - . v , , - - v , .
B: $;lL IJ, - -k j;T1-it 7 0
- , - - , , v .
A: Jl- it ,t ! Pfj- iJL ... w J:. Jh 0
y · t'\
B: Jl- a P ?
- , . .
A: 14 , it 1 P ?
, v , , , _ . , .
B : Ilk , }t 4t , 5t. , ttl , I d), ?
. , - .
A: J£ Jt $ ttl p 0
- - .
/.g n J F1_ ' 'E7 ' 'E7
B: ::r 1-if '- 1 , i:i; y Y 0
, . - .
A: IJ, Jt 1 a if P ?
, -, , ,
B: , t1£{f.f o
b;
, '" . - , , . - . . - . ,
A : 11 , -jiG Jt J1 Dtt Nt *- *- a !; it 11 ? t $ t }t -it ?
, - - . ,
B: t, t4 f-1-ff- 4tfo
'" ., 4V\
73
-- -...
Xz
Art
- " v . " v " " " -" v v - " " v v .
A: t WL $ k }t .., x. f. 4 , , t - ;t $ k
" " " v -
... -+l-" )D
3C u ,Yi P-t 0
v v _ " v . " v
B: , t $ k }t .. 0
" " .
A: j;;1t ?
- - . v " " v v v " -" " - - . " " v
B: VA Jt .. j ifti , t }t .. 0
" . . . v. . . v," . - '" v '" . '" v
A: ,t 1 0 , J , ;t it }t .. , }t 1 Jt * 0
v . " " " " " . - - . - . " "
B : 11'] J 1£ #JG -k 1;3] 1;3] t , J1jf J1jf t a JL 0
" """" .
A: N;W", J1 Jt i1- J ?
" v. ",,-
B: k >1 J , if- Jt t !
tq] New Words
u ' -+1- ( ) , , I iterature and art
.3C..u wenYI
. 3t -Jt tiao wu to dance
. ,''if; ttl ( ) yanchO to perform
, ",
e okfr ' ( ) daying to promise
E-
-- if- !JTl ( ) - ..- to take part in
conJ 10
. -Jt ( ) wuhul a dance party
'b ( ) v , performer
, JJ. yonyuon
74
f W
think she likes dancing better
(;) .LJh shang chang to appear on the
stage
0 ( ) . ... to cheat.. to deceive
plan
(ID fl.L · · · ... · .. · · · .... ... both. . . and. . .
J I...... you......
m tt (ft) gen with
' g ( ) shangliong to discuss, to consult
lR
41) & ( ) t6ngwO roommate
W F ( ) gebl next door
oa 11 ( Qj( ) ... an interjection
0
4I3 R ( ) gunlong girl
W 4JX] (;g ) gangqfn piano
«3 )ifL ( ) tan to play (the piano It
gu itar. . . )
m 7!J 1t wei shenme why
-Jtj ( ) wudao dance
. 't l' ( iIi ) guaibude no wonder. so that's
why
...:?f-Ji) ( ) ". . " idea, opinion
,'fb Ju YIJ Ian
>7 (%) . v coincidental
qloo
if.. ( iIi lJ ) zheng just.. right
113 Proper Noul'"'
IJ\
Xiaodao
Kojima (name of a person)
75
------ ....
Xz
Art
Not s
L!.
D1Ti g J:t .Dfe
....... .
"QJTi£" ig -/('* "1f" igJo], * /1' ff1£ 0 jJ 9 , iR
Jo] 1f * /1' it )( , - /('iJJ i - 9: ffl "i " "it" "Q4" "it" ;
1f * /1' i :9X iA1E )( , -/('iJJ i - 9:ffl "Q4" "Jl£" "iA" 0
The object of "UJT 1.£" is a pivotal sentence with "1f". It indicates
that something ex'ists.. Generally speaking, verbs indicating request,
command, etc.. such as "i ", " it.", " ny" and "1 " are often used as
the first verb in a pivotal sentence.. Other verbs indicating addressing,
confirmation or selection, such as "04", "Jl£" and" iA" , are used as the
J
first verb in a pivotal sentence.
(1) :Jtt JL+ l£;Jt:1: 0
(2) IJ, * * 3t-Jt 0
( 3 ) 1,.1 it 1ti 1,.1 *- a 1\ k- 0
Il ft imO
" iJJ i + M " * /1' 1f M f JJj, PIT R g ffl T M 1i:, 1E :it
"59: (1f) + iJJ i + M" 0 rJ 1f iR, iR 1£ "M" E ill 0 Jo]
1f " A mr" " mr" "M 1i:" Bt f8] i 1 j: iR 0
"Verb+M" indicates that one has already undergone a certain expe-
rience.. This structure is only used for the past action. Its negative form is
u 59: ( .) ......t..... verb ....+.... M ".. If there is an object, the object is put after
"M".. In such sentences, time words, such as u}..A m", " mr" and "M
.:ft" , are often used as adverbials.
"
( 1) y 1W 5t. * :it * Jft\ 0
(2) IJ, at11 :it - I " JL i5t i 0
76
f !t! .
I think she likes dancing better
UJ 10] m 7 * /F " :11" , JiJL =1' m ig M i "7" 0 rJ ig
Mi "7" M ":11", 1' ":11" JiJL =1' * /F , rm * /F
11= jc PX , (3 3 T M i "7" 0
In general, in a "verb + :11" sentence, the modal particle "-I" is
not used. If there is a "7" in a "verb......t.....:11" sentence, the" i1" does not
indicate the experience, but indicates a completed action. It functions as
the aspectual particle "7"..
( 3 ) 1 t1t it 1R 1 T1 ?
(4) i!+ *J it 1, ,-fl}- 1 0
Ll ft t u ft. ::t:
" JC .. · ... X (tf1) .. · .. ." OJ )i f * !9U * * i , m OJ f * !9U
** H igo
" J[..". ...: X (tf1) .........." can I ink words or phrases of coordinate rela-
tions.
JJR. " -0 'fJJ: '-Jl7 -3- ".., 'E1 Ja...
( 1 ) t" I i}fi / iiF 'it, i}fi 1 XJ 0
(2) f1JL ;jrhjJ!l, p 0
( 3 ) i! ik ilJ 'f m1, WL 1 i-8-, 5l 1 ' JJi 1; i& 0
4
i1S ::t:D
--
. .
Ui " " OJ * /F Jm:11 tt rm pjf:il£ 1 0
The adverb " " indicates the choice is made after comparison.
( 1) A: T1 11'1 aJl :k * J;jt tt :Jtt T1 ?
B: I*:k* , aJl:k ** o
( 2 ) A: 11fj- ilL &j1 {p l&1 J 1£ 1ft 1if 1t, T1 11'1 I $J] :k * 1if
1t 11 !
B: 1if 1t * aJll&111 !
77
-- -1-1-
Xz
Art
li
WL_ B l' D 1\:1\:ftSJ Q n
.
i OJ 1 ffl, 1ti -:g-:P i Jt "AA", xX -:g-:p
i Jt "AABB" 0 i 1 j:JEig Di ig 1ff; 11=ffl, 1 j:
ig D * ig OJ * /F *¥ Ji 5* 0
Adjectives can be used in a reduplicated way.. The reduplicated form
of a monosyllabic adjecti.ve is "AA".. The reduplicated form of a disyllabic
one is "AABB". Reduplicated adjectives acting as an attribute or a predi-
cate have a descriptive function, while acting as an adverbial or a com-
plement they indicate a high degree.
(1) JJ 1*- a tJ: -R E7a /J' o
( 2 ) je ....Jb ....Jb hh -;; -;; lot. '-I- *_
J<.. .5t 'r-if 'iF 'iF % % t:I'J, /, /, J,- 1:L iF/I I 0
(3) JJ fa] £ -r- -f -f ;t;t a , JJIt* 1 0
M - * BM Mffl , 1f M
, rJ " I'JI'J " " *" " " 0
Adjectives that can be used in a redupl icated form are, in most ca-
ses, those frequently used in -everyday life. Some adje tives, however,
such as " I rJ ", " t" and" I! " cannot be used in this way.
li
'I ::t: OIB
. . .
* /F 7 -. ffi £ , .gomgM
1f * /F iRIo] 0
It indicates an understanding of the reason for a fact or situation, and
one no longer feels puzzled. Before or after "ll l' q ", there is often a
sentence to indicate) the reason
78
!!! ft
think she likes dancing better
( 1) ,t& ;f.1 -t :Jtt , 11t 1£ 'f fJ=l ii 5l 0
(2) A: IJ' 1£F;t 7 0
B: ,t& ;f.1 JL *- 5t. jlJ 11t 0
( 3 ) A: 4- *- Jt- i ,t:k: !
B: atk J: rFfu 7 0
A: ,t& ;f.1 0
7 * J
. .
" * " Jt 3 * iR, OJ * /F 1m ii iJJ 11: 1 * 4m EE * IJ t:p 0
" lt *" 1 ic'IZ' , 1 ic'l\l t:p *4m X t:p IJ t:p } 'O
U Jtf: *", a comp'lement of direction, indicates that separate things
come together through an action& " =*" means that one remembers
something that one forgot before, making the things in one's memory
gather together in one's mind&
(1) it1 t. , l£ JL - JL 0
(2) 11t JJ JL @, 7 0
7
" E3" or 1,1 .=E. - ...Ll:::.
L..I J ..A:;;P< /F t=J )E ,
if " fiftJ" " 1'£" / 'O " +M
i " t:p i 59:if1 i$iRB1, " " - 9: i o
The word " " here means real iy or indeed.. In the structure " +
adj " with no modifier in front of the adjective, " " is often stressed.
( 1) 1ft 4 f 1 Jt 4tt, t1fj- ii 0
( 2 ) t:t: a ro 1-[ 4=- Jt 0
( 3 ) k ) L k :Jtt t1fj-, 1ft $ )eX- 0
79
-- ....
Xz
Art
t Exercises
1 lID I'D] 0
Answer the following questions.
( 1) 1 if Jt 3t :t ttl P ? Jt 71' a j£ Jt 1 11'1 a ?
(2) 1 * kJt1t 3t:t ttl?
(3)
(4)
J b "fE1 -:J:.- b 1 /, -+1- -J..: .:iJ;- 6-
'IIJ' w: A.. f U /1'" , i=J iJ' '\
.. Jl j£ Jt if?- ?
1£ :t 7i dij, 1 1t -t? 1 /JT1 ii. tt p ?
2 ini9IJ1:iJ To
Rewrite the following sentences after the examples.
f9 : 11F:ftQ ?
, 11F:ftQ ?
.
(1) 1f1 * YL}] JL a , *p ?
(2 ) 1 Jt Jt f a -JJ ?
( 3 ) at k ;¥YL £ a :t: IJ 1t Jt 1 t1 ?
(4) /JT1 f a i#- ,1 tt P ?
19 : IJ\::E i.5t ig, ii1 i.5t)! ig 0
IJ\::E &JC i.5t ig, X i.5t)!ig 0
. .
( 5 ) ,t! -t , ,t! 0
(6) PJTi>L1 a *}]J] 1tti 1t, 1ttJf, a}] 0
( 7 ) i! k 1 1tt ,t , 1R 0
( 8 ) 1 x.. i* i>L 1 1tt iL ;fIJ, 1tt ,ft;;ffl 0
80
m fS ft
I think she likes dancing better
19t1: m 18] fT13 f T I 0
----. m 18] fTt3 f TT I / 0
. . . .
( 9 ) ftt .:J f rf j * J:. 1'1 * J 0
( 1 0 ) A.1fl -#: t j 1£ At 11. J:., IJ 7t 5'1i 0
( 11) 1 N;W", }) iiL J - -+ i 1t -Jt 0
( 12 ) 1 iJL a-!; 1""[; l1Jf 1Jf 1£Z * 0
19t1: ftiE Q41 , 1 JL * 7 0
----. I5 (/tI5 7 ), ftiE Q41 , 1 JL * 7 0
.. ...
a1= X ft 1 * l¥J B-1 1 , 1 tB 7 0
----. =1'I5 (/t=1'I57), a1=xft 1 *l¥JB-111 , 1 tB 7 0
. .. ....
(13) l£-!-ftt a-!;j J:.E!JL J1 o
( 14) ,,, 1 p - -!- Jt i!- -+ IJ, Pf 1 Jt J 0
(15) -#: *a-!;i!-1t :tJt$){k, Pf -!-*a-!; at1 ,
L1 A 4?
U ';.:L -:A"
Jt J 0
( 16) 1t 5t * a-!; ;t- rp 1t a-!; JJ}] h- 0
3 mf :fEiRJi! PXx"1i!o
Complete the dialogues with the words given in the brackets.
(1) A: MIJ li., ", 1 :t YJL J?
B: -!- tJL Jh JJ}] h- 0
A : 0 ('I =1' f .!f!- )
A Jb hrn l''- /.g .k- /. " /. J.Lz. ?
(2) : 'IIJ' J,)tJ 4'-:if- 1-if;& XJ .
B: *k-+ , li. 7t o
A: 0 ('I =1'f *Vrp)
(3) A: t * ?
B: -!- k.1 1'f; J 0
A: 0 ('I =1'f * ..t -1*)
- ....
Xz
Art
(4) A: :k t.$l, -$- -!- p , ..it- .... -$- .. 1 9
'A /,' 0
B. ( ,- *)
0
.
(5) A: 1 IJ 1tt i 1 , *.$j:w 1 , p 11'1 t:tl -!- t1t v 0
B: 0 (=1' Jffiw ft )L)
(6) A: -!- * p , 1 1i-& fal y , * 11 ?
B. 0 ( - )
.
(7) A. l1Jf iJL 1 * ){k 1 a-!; JfR 0
.
B: t , ( IIR EJ I! )
0 J;:E
(8) A: 1 It- 1 ? *1 *}nto
B. Pf b ,5 )L j; ( * EJ m)
. fib ,...., 9L , 0 J;:E
a m:fE 8,ml'OO m h o
Make dialogues based on the following questions using the words given
below.
(
1 =1' QJT iJt X.. · · .. X... · · · =1' 11 11
M:A: ... .*! - *f.o
.
B: Pf , A * ..o -+
. .
a-!; . ll a-!; 0
A: * ' . .o ?
. . .
1tz * 0
B: p , }) at1i :k a-!; 0
A : 5l ffjt . , 5l 5f. 4M , j£ J:. i* , -it:k -
. .
5R a-!; 0
B: a-!;, 1tzJf, f1}], 1-ff 1tz * 0
. .
82
m x'R ft
I think she likes dancing better
( 1) i!- 5R @J JL Jt i1t @J a"; ?
(2) 1 $){k 1t ?
( 3 ) 1 $){k l1Jf 11 ? J!J 1t ?
II 11*3 iRJi!fJi o
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words from the list given below
Jil li m 1 m LJm
(1) a";)} f a l :t - jL t.A1i?
(2) 11t JXJIJ :Jf-1-1-:tItm , -* j;11 J; J 0
( 3 ) 11'1 fA J!J -!- J; it, 1 a"; ?
( 4 ) I J' 1*- iT J, I251 J!J 11t 5t. 11t J 0
( 5 ) 11t yip f1}] ill flJ 0
(6) v 1W JL 1 }l}] a"; Jq« J:t, JJL1f-11t k !f J t1 ?
(I ,&tml'oo ' (Ejtijt) - H 3t (Ejtx'fi!)o
Give a talk or write a paragraph based on the situation given below.
t1 ..", lb b.t..h ....b c lb 1 ' 1 1. -;i:t ....b JL ? ab 1= rJ? i ?
/ I 1JL'I'J' JR g- ){x. t:I"J Iff{ .9{ '"IIJ' , >}1 'I If{ J 0 JJ" - H- $ p:. * ,
ii.1 J1iJ6 Jt*fIJ J 0 1 $} tB i!- -f, ,JLfIJ o 1
-!-M *, L $ JLJo
7 ...m *.A,..A,.Tm w. £* o
.
Tell about the art forms best loved by the old, the young and the chil-
dren in your country.
83
.him
filt!m m
Learning the language
through watEhing movies
iJ:S<: Text
, , , v , , , - . .
A ... ... " ,.h /. g " .l.. hh
: ,y} 1l!.. -1t:1 r:I'J p ?
, , . v v . v v - .
B: t, JL - + Jt 4f a i ;fa a 0
v v v , , , . v . , v .
A: *f ;t !IJ *f a 1; J 0
v v . - , . -
B: $)tk t a t o
, . v v , , . "V, v , v
:t1 "b"O ", -r ,," 19 g -J:;- .;hb b 9.k "
A: TJI" I ,-* W 7t /1' 'iF % , '1- /FJ - /fT J::J ; " 0
v . v v -, v, - , . , v
B: i 1.rf 1R ill 0 iA 7;; :kt JL - + ,t1. t i 0
- , - v .
A: :kt 1£ 00 4f t1E;?
. , v ,,- - . , , , , v
B : -i J:. 4f , JL :kt;fa a -=- 1; 0
, . . - , v -
A : ;t J:. -!- :kt;;ffl ;JJt 1f- !f:£ 0
, , , - , .
B: ktwc;f -=- -t- P o
-.--vv-
A : :kt a ? % *f J1Jf 0
v - - . . , . v v
B: i :kt il[) -1ll) a JL + i 0
84
t:b =
'E3 L..-t=, / -J- K:J c:::J
earning the language through watching movies
- . v v . v v " - . " - " v v v
A: :kt 1;11 * 1.rt ;ff , " JL 1 , i3L Jl- -It * 1 0
v v " " . v
B: , }] (A ;r;1jo
v . " " v " v . v - v v v V"
A: 1.rt IJ SJ * 1; a * 7i * , m II Pf v Jt
v . v v -
* j 7 fijlf. tf 00 0
" . V" . " " v - - . v .
B : 1J}tf 0 £ ii1 a >tt 112 1 ;tf PJf 1.rt 'ti 01; ?
v - " - . v " - - " " . . v
A : ;ff 112 PJf 'ti, 'f 'f tf 00 YL JA a{; at 1 ,
" v V" " . - . "
, R 1 1;1 o
. . v - - . " v " . v . " v "
B : 1t (A at 1 1 lftt 1 1;1 - tf 7 , 1 a{; x. * yJG
v .
*7 0
" - . " " - .
A: YJG }] -:kP !
-
85
- .....
Z
Art
Lf- ' j
-=1
N \\ Warde::
Lm ) bu a measure word
J}iilt (:g ) .... ... recently II lately
zUIJln
;fa ( ) pal to shoot (a film)
....'if; (:g ) dooyon director (of a film)
, '"
4t ( ) dute unique 'I distinctive
. f (:g ) fengge style
lb i ( , :g) ... , natural; nature
ziron
. ....'if; ( ) v to perform. to act
. , '" yon
. ttl ( ) chOse excellent 'I remarkable
10 iA ( ) ... , . to think" to consider
renwel
't1.f (:g ) ... , character, disposition
xlngge
;;ffl ( ) queshf really, indeed
. ..i:I;- (:g ) shengyTn voice. sound
;:Ow
* uJf ( ) hootTng pleasant to the ear
(!) 1fXJ ( ) lie two (a numeral classifier)
1f- ( ) . ... resenlble II take after
. xiong
iJL;t:: ( IJ ) shu6bud1ng perhaps maybe
(3 ii* (:g ) fangfo method, way
. r1Qll (:Ii) , . v and. besides" moreover
erqle
. 1{ijf ( ) lioojie to understand. to find out
t1 (:g ) dulhua dialogue, conversation
({-C) v
youxle some
5tYL Jk. (:g ) guonzhong audience. spectator
86
Et!
Learning the language through watching movies
.
)1: Notes
I.l
tBffiJ =$Eg
. . .
" + m Jl i " * /F ff , 5lQ " - ;):" " = l' M" " 11 1 F
11l" 0 1f 81 i * ih * /F ff , OJ ){ =1' 1JQ " ", 5lQ "fL tl"" ,Fj
-L D" "= R "
/ '\ --r:;j" - ":J)(. 0
" a numeral-classifier compound" indicates an ordinal number,
such as " ;):", " = l' M" and " 3i f 11L ". Sometimes a nu-
meral itself can stand for an ordinal numeral, such as "fL * ", " ,Fj
CJ " d " - a:: L,Tl. " d "/<t:-Jr,,. . tt d
-s- an -=- -y- JX an 5f; IS om Ie..
- (1) fJJ ;Jt :Y: -=-:k. iJG fA i.R J IJ'.£ 0
( 2 ) frk" 4-1- -m a :'-. 1- -11=- LJ:,. 1-
--p1 K.../ , ,/t "3(12-1- 0
(3) 1i1f. -=- 306 -5-, 1* JL JJtJL 11 0
Il m t
" .L " A9 *1tit, fT m , " 1 j(1IA iRo
The parenthesis " L:Ji:" expresses one's estimation of somebody
or sornething from outer appearance.
(1) J:.-!- 1tt 0
(2) IJ, J:. -!-1ttlt- , Jt (qlshl actually) Jt J -=r a
J 0
I.l J\: =+ m
" " ffll£ ( m ) i E, * /F =1' ftJ o
The word " " after a numeral or numeral classifier compound indi-
cates an indefinite number.
87
...A- ....
Xz
Art
a. i + ){L Bt, " " * /F i 1fL ){L o 1 91J
JI[ij!ff; j] " i + + m. i (+.:g i ) " 0
If a numerc11 is an integer over ten, " " indicates the remaining sum
beyond the integer. The pattern should be U numeral a measure
word ( ..... noun) " .
(1) -=.-t .:f;o
(2) -If- -=- 11 0
(3) Ai!-JLfJJ 11t -=-11 £ 0
b *1r'3E3A 1 *Ir +H-A 1 *IrM 1 *Ir B 4 " ,, .3:::.-A 1 *IrI'J M
· 1DJ I J.L 9.){, lff I J.L J:1'J 37 J.L '.J, 37 /F I J.L !lA I' J:1'J
0 Bt 1 F91J 1I[ij!ff; j] " i + m iEJ + (+.:g i ) " 0
If the numeral is a one-digit number or a multi-digit number with a
ones place, " " indicates the remaining sum under the ones place. The
pattern should be "numeral- - a measure word (.- t--- noun) " .
( 4) 1£ ;Jt "* 1i 1 - J1 0
(5) * i!- + 1t 1 146 Jk 0
(6) i!-14- JJIt1-1- m *- 0
m i m i , 3 m i , Btf8] m iEJ 1 Bt, .:gi 1MOJ 1JQ " " 0
When the measure word indicates measurement, capacity, duration
of time or multiple, the word " " can precede the noun.
( 7 ) A i!- JL fJJ 1 -=. 11 / £ (a ) j$. 0
( 8 ) i!-14- JJIt 1-1- m *- (a ) 0
(9) 11t 1£ ;Jt "* 1i 1 -=- If- (a ) at fa] 0
Li h/fJi"]ffljif J.L9
EE IJi " } \)L" ffll£ i 3 1M * /F =1')*o " } \)L" OJ
88
t:b S!, =
L..-t=, ;J- K:J c:::J
_earning the language through watching movies
){ iJtPX "1f - , ) L", "mg1J&" "* 1J&" / ' 0
The adverb " ', ) L" is used in front of a verb or an adjective to indi-
cate a sl ight degree. " - (-) , ) L" means sl ightly or somewhat
(1) *-;ff (-) , ,JL o
(2) iJL fJ{; 1- ;ff (-) , , JL l1Jf f1}J E1 0
(3) 11t 1t ;ff (-) , , JL ?
5
ft . . BS , g B@ fi
--
. .
:ii i " rm H" OJ ){ :ii it * IJ i , 3 i D 'oJ T, * /F * - ffi:
.=rr:... B3 ,, 1=1" '-I-, * "..J..I.," "' "
,1$' I ' 0 II U ...t:1... JI=1 JL! m m 'A - 0
The conjunction "ffTj" H" can I ink coordinate verbs, adjectives or clauses
to express some further meaning. After" rm _Ei", "m " or " " is often used.
( 1 ) R 'b C -J;;- b 9k'" _L.. II 'b /.1::7 ,J-, /.9, IL !h
71 1" I ,-* /FJ - /fT J::J J'''' , TnJ ,-* 1 1 eJ 0
(2) }] k1!f 1ft -t ;t, Ji111 1ft frij 0
(3) >J ix.* 1E- -M- fJ, r?1111 ;ff*7f*o
6 iEii e 1,3 i B Dff /lm D
. . .
" Qh: 8 I " EJ:::ft '3 or A -zl 'E.
I I=g- I }:E AJJ DJ rtJ .....J t, -rl"1J:1 0
M ;:;r-::: EJ " f1 h: A:: "
J:1 'J 1=1 )E ]:\, }:E 1-1) I .....1' I 0
"UJf 'I " is a verb taking a complement of possibility. Its negative
form is "UJT =1' 't!" .
" i + iB" " i + iB" f , * /F
!J\!, B1, 1£ i iB z is] 1JQ " " EX "1''', f JJX OJ fig 1B, p "
iPJ + j:f+ iB/ iB" 0
When expressing possibility of realization with the structure of "verb
complement of result" or "vert).. .."" complement of direction", the word
"1 '" or " " should be used between the verb and the complement to
89
--- ....
Z
Art
form a complement of possibility. The structure should be "verb 1 /::r::
complement of result /direction".
( 1) 1£ i!- JL, jt J fJi J:. a 0
( 2 ) gip €t!J 1 l1Jf 1-1- 'ti 0
(3) ff :k , -$-7t ii.-!-o
(4) J l£ JJir , j& o
lt OJftg iR*D iEJ 1 1& , ,aX -1' iR '1'1 E * 0 5lQ iJ Y:.
EE M "' A:: 1-" "' A:: ,, A -+++- [iT A :;},l 'ji M.:;:+' '3 -+- -9" *fr E3 ¥I -t+ M
.=E. J:1 'J 1!k .....1' ....L JL .....1' )E """'1" 0 t, 'it? ..... J t, -1"1"1;1=1 J:1 'J lVJ DJ A 37 :9A -T- S 1J J:1 'J 0
Some complements of possibility link closely with verbs and become
set phrases in colloquial language, such as "i ::f'J:" and "iJ .=1' " in the
text. In the sentences with complements of possibility, most of the verbs
are monosyllabic.
IL IIVt B- U
lJj] iPJ " " ffl1£ iEJ E * /F 11= 1 0
The aspectual particle ":iI" used after verbs indicates the continu-
ance of an action or a state.
( 1) lt lt .i 11 , tt IJ' -1. iJL 1 0
( 2 ) i!- -+ & f a l a 1'1 * , 1;? 7t 0
(3) *-TJ:.it i ,\ --+ -To
1£Ji 'oJ , " " 1£ -1' iEJE, OJ * /F =1' 11=1 * J
JJ o
In a sentence with verbal constructions in series J " " is put after the
first verb to indicate how the second action continues
(4) :kt 1tJL JJ}] o
.
Et!I
_earning the language through watching movies
(5) ilJ 0
(6) 1 3t Jtit*-1 0
1E 81 ffl " 59:", " " OJ ma 0
"59:" is used in the negative form, in which " " can be omitted
( 7 ) J J:. t. i 1J 14- JIlt 0
( 8 ) 1'1 t. * ( ), 1* 1Zt -i- v 0
Exercises
1 @] fD] o
Answer the following questions
( 1) 1* it pJJ JJ:1 a{; IJ? 1* $ k pJJ JJ:1 IJ ?
( 2 ) 1* it tf JJ:1 IJ P ? it JL ?
( 3 ) tf JJ:1 IJ at, 1* PJf 1-¥- 'Ii 5Ct 112 P ? E: PJf 'Ii '?
ini9IJ To
Rewrite the following sentences after the examples.
19 : if$ -T 11F 1& 1 Mi 0
L*11F1&1 Mio
. . .
( 1) 1lt tt 1& 1 X- "* 0
(2) t ilt k*o
( 3 ) 1 tt -i-if- 1 0
(4) 1 *1 tl-=--r if 0
91
..IL. .....
Z
Art
19"tl: 11F* Q , DJftg11F @ 0
11F * Q , iJt 1E 11F @ 0
. . .
(5) iJ: ii( ii( 14- JJJt, 1ft Pf E: jE it 0
( 6 ) 1;t {ti J?., it" it j£ 4tf 0
( 7 ) pW 11'1 -!-1 a & fa] , 'h 1 i& W *- Y 0
(8) J J , it1 pit 14-*)Lo
l'HII J.J.h u 'Ii ' /8 /. 8 '.=E. *-* -1J..., /. 8 'i:;.: +11
1:1 :1 IA 1;1=1 Jt 1v l' IX: I l£, - 1'IX: IJIL /l'IJ 0
J.J.h u 'Ii ' /8 /.8 '.=E. *-* J::I /.8 'i:;.: +11
I IA 1;1=1 Jt 1v l' IX: I l£, II U J::i. 1'IX: IJIL /I' 0
. .
(9) AjIJ *- v 1W, 1 t.1 * Y & f a l, j£;11 * Y i jft 0
(10) 1l j3t., jjt1 j£ 4tf 0
( 11) 1l iA iR , 1f1 j£Jt})J] 0
( 12) 1 Jt IJ a ij{, Jt IJ a ij{ W 0
3 m "7" " " "):1" fJi # T x'fi! 0
Fi II in the blanks with ., j;#", '.iJi:" or ,. i;J ", and carryon the dialogue
A . Pk- ....., J:. .....'\i; ..;if{ y;. b
. /1 1-5L 1/_, - \3,... ;r/I iY90
B: p 1t !J: ?
A: , , . *- 0
B: Jt Jt IJ?
A: *1 0
B: PW 11"1 -!- J J 1 , iJL ;t IJ j£ 4tf 0
A: 1;t j£ ... IJ pF1 ? 1 J:. IK I1W 11"1 - -!- IJ, 1*
, 1't Y?
B: , 0
A : 1J + IJ - - + + IJ, at, 1*
ft -+/J' at 0
.
t:b .!i!'" '.:fi.
.l;O a
Learning the language through watching movies
B: + .£ * , *A I
o * , , E *
o . . , .R.,
R* . , , 0
A: 1 y - JL v E, 1 ! -t 1t ?
B: ,i; , 1 ?
A: o y, .,
p 1 0 i:tl -!- - JL, lJ ,tfc t a at 1i , ;f
w p 1 a 0
B: 1 'ti 0
A: o . , . . £ ?
B: pJJ t ! 11 11'1 -!- fo] J , lJ £ a 5Ct -£-&- ,tfc, 11
11'1 -!- v , v i* S) I1JT jJ 0
A: * v , ik iJG I1JT 1 a 0
4 m:fE B, m OO .. h o
Make dialogues based on the following statements using the words given
below.
( ,
-L* 1 *1 ti iJt/F1E
19 : A: I « J:f i1t? 1* 111; ?
B -ra a rb g
: /f' , ""'" T I'PJ 0
A : , 1 1f11 ;;/fl Jt 1 0
.. .
B: 1ft A:t iJL , 1lt * l' }; y 0 JYL +
. .
__ j I 0 j3t __ 3t1'1ft 0
93
-- ......
Xz
Art
A: J:. -!- t 1ft if-!f£ 0
. . .
B: ilt JE t :1: i:fi i:tl, 1* , p1;? -iYL ;t 1 $ k
. . .
tj3t a{; __ 0
A: k E: flJ , i -!- 0
. .
B R ....J!- "::;1 a:r;: tl: .I lb :£ a:&
: TJI" IX- Jt1 J 1fJ!1, ;r a 'I'J" -}J IJ' 0
( 1) 1* J:. -!- tt 1 j£ if-!f£ 0
(2) ti:fi1 Ji-*o
(3) + 1J j£ 1t -i&o
5 m "V " :gjt "V V " [!ID B*o
Rewrite the underlined parts with '.V t!" or .'V "{j: V t".
( 1) flJ JJ}] a{; - -it 1t, 1 1t a at 1 3( J 0
( 2 ) 1 $ 5tk 3& - + 1 j} -# 0
(3) tf 4- 't 't PJT-=g- , at1 I1JT- JL yJG J 0
(4) at:k * if- -!- * If: 0 l) _J -=- JL , I1JT JL A p ,
1fT *-- , k o
(5) 1 D:W"fJ +/J' 1k, it1-iJE *a{;at11 , fJ+kjfft o
(I '1*3 iRJi!fJi o
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words from the list given below.
r '11* ps1f tH JXl* 1 1
. . A D
( 1) fJ + k. P i:fi .91 a{;
Ji- , t P a{; k. JL 1ft G
a{;
o
94
t:b =
1;3 t .;J- K;J c::::J
Learning the language through watching movies
( 2 ) 1£ -JJ £, 1"1 i'/i 1-ff-1ft
,Jt-
-Hj:-*
o
(3) 1 JL-1i.
a -JJ J:t 0
( 4) . I J' 1k a 1ft 1 1 5L *" 0
(5) JYLl£'t*:lL, , y, 1 o
(6) I1JT '\ -iYLJL S) )1r a *
( 7) 1 JL - if- a i'/i, 1
a IJ i'/i, ;fa it ..
)(k
o
a -JJ t: ?j( ffit
1ft 0
7 ft - & o
Talk about an actor (actress) or a director you love most.
.
+iI
q. 0 11 f! JIID q. 0 UBJ
t=hinese Ealligraphy and
t=hinese paintings
:Q:: Text
" -" " . " " " ." " "" . " - " -
A: 1£ 't J!:1 , ;ff a A 1-1- :kt , JL 1-1- :kt, 't J!:1 45
" " " " " " . - . .
*;fpr ;ff1t * $ ?
_ - v " -. "". " " " " " " _. "
B: PJfi>t 1ft;ff * $ 0 ;t -r- a JL - # Ibl i¥- a JL,
" " " - " . " " . " "
16 'ti 'ti y J 1£ a 5t 0
" . - ,,-. " """ -" " " - " " .
A: }J i>t, Ibl i¥- a JL -t 1; , 16 y
" " " " v . - " "" " .
;ff 4t I ' a 't J!:1 r , JL t1 ?
" "" " " " - " " - " " ,,- " " " " .
B: JL *1-, p 't J!:1 7t 1tf; JL - , 16 y
" -
o
- " v - - " - " " ,,- "-,, - . - " "
A: 't J!:1 ;ff * 45 * JL , ;ff * 45 *
" "
1ft :kt 0
- " - " " " " " . v " "" " "" . _ "
B : 't J!:1 45 * p r Jf) a it , ,I, , i - *1-, Jf) it a 7i *
" " . -
,J" ,,' -r 1l.
k /f' 37 0
96
-1] :t;) m c:p rnm
:linese calligraphy and Chinese paintings
V" v . V" " - - v " - " " " "
A : ;J\ lfi $ 5tt 7 .1, @, , .!ft tl\ J-J 7 t * ;i JL Jf) .1, @,
. V" v .
a ,PfJL * lo
_ V" V" " " "-,, " " . - v v
B: 1t -& @, JL !!. {-f 0 1J * Jf) .1, @, 1t JL -& JL ;ff at
. v . " . V"
1 J;t .!. ift. a j£ :kt 0
v. " v___v_v """ V-v"
A: 11'1 !!.JL it £ JtJ] ;i ;ff * ;fP f @, i*, J!- mI, -!-
" .
-ii( -ii( 0
v - v V" "-,, " " v
B: i1i mI, ;i Pf VA -!- 0 it. yt Jf) it 0
- V" v v . " - - " " . . V"" .
A: tl\ 0 a - 5R @, JL 1 , VA J6 @,
- - - v " v "
;i R J;t 4i J;t 4i 0
v " - v v .
B: j£ R 1 J;t 0
" " v .
A: }] k *f 1 !
1
@
-
t!
97
-- .....
Xz
Art
t New Worrls
-#* ( ) shOfa call igraphy
«I tf @J ( ) zh6ngguohua traditional Chinese painting
@J JL ( ) huar painting. picture
&t ( ) hua to paint It to draw
0 &t ( ) hUlhua drawing, painting
-'A
0 * ( ) guanxi relation
l it- (%) j i andon simple, uncomplicated
. 11\ ( ) cheng to become
.
0 ... b ( ) " , character. script
wenzl
m> -f- (%) fengfu rich, plentiful
{h
tD l&- ( ) fozhan to develop
t ( ) " " nat ional ity
mlnzu
m 4t , , ( ) tedian distinguishing feature.
trait
m ( ) bian to change
63 ( ) , ink
-1£.-' mo
- ( ) shuTmohua ink and wash drawing
7 -1£.-' @J
m i (Ji) - " although
SUI ran
«3 - ( ) " cloud
A yun
-* - ( ) huon i aohua paintings of flowers
1-tJ -=- @J
and birds
ID j ( ) shl to try
» Jt ( ) moobT writing brush
i ( ) , to hang. to put up
gua
tt .tt ( ) bTjiao to compare
98
cbOO=J:;)nmcp
':hinese calligraphy and Chinese paintings
')l Notes
U w,*,., . m , .
"$ ... ... OJ £ ( {8 £) ... ..." iift* /1' il2V* * ![ Joj 0
" "
'"
ltI1 ?tJoj* /1' JKiA ffft, thOJ1!filBfio "OJ£ ( {8 £)" * /1' $ 1JTo
"$ ... ... "OJ £ ( 1 B £) ... ..." is used to link concessional com-
pound sentences. The clause led by "$ rt" indicates the acknowledge-
ment of the existing fact, and "OJ £ ( 1 8 £ )" expresses the concession.
" $ " can be omitted.
(1) ( i ) i Jt;f:k.:k Y, Pf Jt:k j£1ftt 0
( 2 ) 1 ( i ) if- G ;tr -G i\.. -t :!J Y, Pf Jt 1ft 1 Jt. 0
( 3 ) "b ( 9k ) /.9.. -;]1 nr a /.9.. -J:::-..:iz;- W
, ;t:; J'''''' 1 /'J:J=- , PJ J<...1 /FJ ,fb I 0
11 ip J.L JtJHfB =j:;$ID
"1 A i 1{i + )L/1J )L" * /1' 5£tpJT 0
This pattern "personal noun or pronoun ....l... ) L/jjB ) L" indicates location.
(1) a 1f IJ'..£ 1J JL 0
( 2 ) J L ;tr - J-, 7 @" 1 0
(3) 1 -!-ii gif11J JL P ? ;tr i 1t a IJ, 0
Ll qr
"it" ft £* JJ' 1:E1DJ A 0 " I'D] 1{i + t " OJ * /1' "1:E1DJ"
/ " Q "1t " "nJ1B" " " t ff f ffl)!o
The word "it" here indicates anybody. "Interrogative pronoun +. tB" ,
means any. "it ", "n}J " and " " can all be used in this way.
(1) 1t ,*o
99
--- .....
Z
Art
(2) - ik. ;lt "$, l1JJ JL i. -!-:ii. 0
( 3 ) 1 ,t.. -!- 1-[, 1J 1-[ -$. -!- 0
4
f e - tE JL1i *
--
.
"1 " -* i i iRJoj 1 $( "1 " -*Jojo "1 " ${;iR Aig)(L
ift Joj i iR i ${;**o
A predicate-verb sentence with "t " is called a "t " sentence. The
object of "t " is, in fact, the object of the predicate verb of the sentence
semantically.
" f " -* Joj x1 ( P ${; ig) itt qJ 5lt il .& i£ 8 5lt il E (1
* f il, * , IJ D ) I 'O
A "1 " sentence expresses what result an action has brought to its
object, such as moving it to another place, changing the shape of it or
having an impact on it.
( 1) -Jt -Jt 1'1 J 0
1'1 -Jt -Jt J 0
( 2 ) t1 J - #!L \ 7 0
-t JJ #!L \ 7 p J 0
(3) ,1 * JJ 4VJj 1-[ -$. 0
,-t JJ 4VJj 1-[ -$.1 * 0
"1 " ${; iR- i£ i AIL' Jt:1 E , pff 19"tl (2) Jt:1 "-
mL " 1£ "f " -* Joj Jt:1 11 "1J mL "; X 11 "1 " -* Joj i£ 8 x1 5lt
,ffi - *X ; 5ltil
r, )( & i , 1j " " "1£" " " "*" "*" " Qm" 8Jt/F
ftg1 $( "1 " -*Joj i o "1 " -*Joj i ff " ig-1 -${;iR-
i -X1fu " 0
.
CP ) ffiCP
Chinese calligraphy and Chinese paintings
In general, the object of "j " is determined by the speaker, so In
Example (2) "- 1m." is changed into "tj *11" in the "1 " sentence. As it
has been defined that the "f " sentence expresses the results of the ac-
tions, the main verb usually takes other elements. The main verb of the sen-
tence should be a transitive one with the meaning of disposing or controlling.
Th b h " -j..;:j- " " "i:i: " " E3 " "sk " " +" nd " Irn '@"
ese ver s, suc as -FJ, 1-T., IE, 7J', A a 7' IE! ,
cannot be used as the main verbs in the "1 " sentences. The structure of a
"t " sentence is "subject-f[:: -object-verb-other elements".
1£ " f " =F to] t:p, g iJJ ii5J D 1E iE lJ ii5J t iJ 1£ " f " =F 1M Jll 0
In "t " sentences, auxi I iary verbs and the negative adverbs should
be put before "1 ".
( 4) 1 E- ii .t i!. 5R J L i 1£ JIi J:. 0
( 5 ) JJI].t MIJ a{; ro --1t if- J 1 0
t Exerci ses
1 @] fC] o
Answer the following questions.
(1) tfml45* {:1i 1t * ?
(2) 45 * {:1i Jf] a{;1t k -{-t ?
( 3 ) 1t a{; k 1t ? 1 $ k J11!j ?
( 4 ) i!. JL VA Jf;, 1,t J:. i:t 45 * i* {:1 i i* J11!j? 1 $ k p}] # i* ?
:J!J 1t ?
101
--- +*-
Xz
Art
2 je!1'9tl T PX "je!" * o
Change the following sentences into . re'. sentences.
( 1) 1 l} *- 1 M'J * a ro 1t if- 0
(2) 1 iJt Jt JJft;fJG 1 0
(3) f * t.{ *1 a & fa] VA 16, ;f -:!- t1t -f1 0
( 4) *- -f J:. k 11t a 0
( 5 ) X. J5jt Jt 1 1£ tt Jh J:. 1 0
( 6 ) .1, Jt 1 11'1 Jf] Jt 1 0
3 je!1'9tl T PX*tZdJ o
Change the following sentences into sentences of passive voice.
( 1) a }JJ] *" *- 1 a J .1, J!t 0
( 2 ) k ffit IJ *- 111t a 71¥1 -r 0
(3) i1-1%*- 1 }J *?
(4) 11t i* 1£1 :£ 1 0
( 5 ) - tf it R yip -:!- i1t- i* 1 0
( 6 ) 1£ * k J:., 1 11'1 i. }J "if. p Jt 0
4 mtm l'oo H 3ti1! T :x'fit 0
Make a dialogue based on the following passage.
1 , k tf ml -1i.141 k a J!t 0 1 ,J' at 11t yJG f 1t $ k J!t
JL, -JL '!J a at 1t -Jt -:kf; lt x.. *" tf ml J!t 0 1 , $ k #J 4-h ,
4t jJlJ k 1 f 1t ttl 0 11t a -t- Jt-, J:. -:!- yJG 1t
Jt- a 1£ ll , * K *1t 11fj-1 .!'J ll a ? -ff 0 11t JL f 1t iA Jt- ,
at 11 11t 7!J 1 * - R J!t J L, ;k. .!tl #J 4-h r&J -:!-, iA Jt- 5t]jL $- ,
-i&51-i&J , 1Lf'J ro G :t 0
102
CP )n CP
Chinese calligraphy and Chinese paintings
. m m:fE 8, Wm. h o
Make dialogues based on the following questions using the words given
below.
$ @J JXL - LlJ 7.1< @J 1t @J
@J
A#J @J rA.J $ 5! 1 £ JXL
911 IS fBl$ J& JJX
( 1) 1£.:f; *i* .r J!t i*J:., 1 f'J J 1t ?
( 2 ) 11'1 - -:!- tf ml l&-, * J1 ?
( 3 ) i!. + l&- 1 $ k J1 ?
(I ml'oo iRJi!@ o
Make sentences with the words given below
(1) iii i ... ...1!!-Jt (Pf Jt) ... ...
(2) p......_{-f
(3) l&-
(4) 3t
(5) 16
7 JAffl m iRJi!fJi o
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words given in the brackets.
(1) 1 - + JJ v -wr ii i!.)L, -¥t i. ii 0 (g* A*)
( 2) 4'- *- i. JL , 4f at fa] -¥t p 1 - -:!- 1 v 0
( g * x g )
103
- ....
Xz
Art
( 3 ) 1W JL It- 1£ J:. ,It JL i:t 1 , l1JT i>L 1 -:!- JtJ J 0
( g- * X g- )
(4) -:!-It- :1: a at 11t 1 ]£1£ i!. JL, -=- + JJ . 1 iJG
ttl ml J 0 (g- * x g- )
( 5 ) )A J 1£ flJ k -*. ;Jr 11..1£ -tij:- JJ JL, -=r-1t
;ft ll.% -r 11.. 0 (g- * x g- )
(6) itt1 i>L 1't- a p Jt 0 ( T1 1 )
(7 ) A: a}] k.1 ft 1fl- -:!- J-, 11 ?
B: Jt 4'-k.i!.{fa k. , iJG-:!-o ( T1 1 )
( 8 ) ,fk k. J, t l1t ,t ,t J jf J 0 ( 3t )
( 9 ) JL It- v -wr i!. + / 1£l ' J', 16 1-ff 1ft ,tje, A J -
+ 1ft -=r- r k / J 0 ( )
II i i 1m g x mu Q1t1!/ mu JL o
Talk about your favorite painter and his/her paintings.
104
5 )XigID)X
The Ehinese language
and Ehinese characters
m+
UK fj '; JIIDSiMm
Dialects and putonghuiJ
iJ:S( Text
v .....
A: 1 -f 1t ?
..... ..... v v . v..... v .
B: jE 1 ! 1 -:!- l1JJ ) L Y ?
v ..... v - - ..... . .....
A: -:!-1t iTfl J: ilL 4t Y 4t 0
..... ..... ..... v v . .
B: )L k1&,,'t ;fw ?
- v ..... . v ..... ..... . .
A: tl;f j Y , * $; ;f 4t U!7 0
v . ..... ..... .
B: -iT PJf - r ) L iJG 1-t Y ?
-.-,v-. v
A : 1 11'1 i>t 'f; PJf 'ti 0
..... . ..... v ..... ..... v v
B : Jt 11)tJ , J:. ift 'f; * 'ti 0
v v v - - ..... - ..... . _ .
A: VA 1W YA j; tf A. i>t 'f; ;t ft $ 0
- ..... ..... v ..... ..... . - v - - v - ..... _ .....
B: tf J J a -t , -t p {t ill 'f; gJ ft
v v
1tt 1& 0
..... ..... ..... .....
A: v , Jt {f 0
106
15 ID imi5
Dialpcts and putonghua
V" v " v ..... v ..... v . - v _ ..... .
t, J. " ".:t, " 1 b" J:. 'k '.:.!- k /. ..... 1 b k ... " rL ?
B : };u '3(17 ;r /fP JJ', I-It' 1;t7 ;& 1-YL, IJ, 7'P 11L Tl-=:-J .
v " v "V" . - . .
A: " " ,fp " 1 " ;{f ljlJ a i3L *" TlE; ?
..... . ..... v..... v ..... - - v.....
B : JL 1JJtr , J:. I 1- " " JL " FPf ;f " ( a I a), "1 " JL
"
"11<-" (n6ng)o
" ..... v - . v "V . " . ..... v v..... " .....
A: l1't t1Jf ,ti , p 11'1 a - I ' JL - ff 0
" - v . ..... v ..... ..... v - - " " - . . v ..... .
B: ljlJ i3L 1 11'1 'ti, Q-JG JL it $ tf A t1Jf f!] 11 0
" v - ..... ..... v " .
A : .£:t- yi11 JL J:. i4- A 11 ?
..... - - " - v -..... v ..... v ..... - " ..... v ..... v .....
B : JL 0 11t S1 i i3L {t ill 1- , Pf JL 1-1- iff} t1Jf , JL;{f J:. i4- T1 J L 0
..... - - . ..... ..... ..... v v - ..... .
A : }] 11t i3L a Q-JG JL J:. I {t ill 1- J ?
..... " " ..... " ..... - . . -" " ..... ..... v -..... ..... .....
B: >'1' A 8; t1Jf tB , tf A - i3L 1- , k 1WL
" - ..... ..... -..... v "
P iJt t 7i JL 11}] JL A 0
v . - ..... v -" " v " ..... . ..... " _ . . ..... .....
A: 11'1 i3L 5t , tf A - r -r- Q-JG t1Jf tB JL r
" "
Ao
v v v . ..... - " -..... ..... - . ..... _ " " " .....
B: pfr y , 11'1 $ $ * , i3L 1 1 tf A - ff 0
107
iX ili IfID iX
The Chinese language and Chinese characters
£t New Words
J:.. ifL { } jiangbian riverside
4t { } zhuan to go for a walk
{fi'} II from
fi1J
M1* { } " . just now
gongcol
i!- J$. mllu to lose one's way
. * {%} haorongYI with great difficulty
;fT 11ft { } dating to ask about, to inquire about
. v { } v " . to think, to consider
. Ylwel
. {f } , all.. every
ge
I -}j ( ) fangyan dialect
-it i! 1'-5 { } put6nghua common speech (of the
Chinese language)
ft { } xiongcha to differ from
tt p { } bTru for instance, for example
j i3L* ( ) shu6fo way of saying
)(fi 't ( iE lJ ) " , . no wonder
nonguol
17- {%} v , careful.. attentive
ZIXI
t1 )L ( ) , . ( here) accent
weir
D t -}j ( ) dUlfong the opposite side, the
other party
ID fJf v {Ji} v v so, therefore
SUOYI
=l:g r'r ner Noun
.5* 5I
Huangpu Jiang
Huangpu River
108
J5 m};i5
Dialects and putonghua
)1 Notes
I.l ff]
.
" if 1£ + i / i fl ig " * /F 11= if 1£ Jtt J ' m OJ x 1£ Jo] 1JQ ig
nJJ iPJ "QJE" 0
The pattern ".IE 1£ ....+..... verb /verbal phrase" indicates an action is going
on. The modal particle "uit" can be put at the end of such sentences.
(1) 1 iEl£;t o
1 iEl£;t-# o
(2) 1 iEl£t1t1 o
1 iE 1£ t1t 1 0
ffl "if + i / i Jl ig + QJt" "1£ + iPJ / i Jl ig + QJt" :9X "
iPJ / iPJ Jl ig + QUI" m OJ X * /F 11= if 1£ Jtt J 0
The pattern, such as "IE "'+.h. verb /verbal phrase ..+.. Q ", "1£ .+.... verb /
verbal phrase ...... ...... QJt" or "verb /verbal phrase ....+.. QJt" ,also indicates the
action is going on.
(3) 1 iE$ o
1 1£$ o
1 $ o
.
(4) 1 iEt1t1 o
1 1£ t1t1 0
1 t1t1 0
Q 11= 2st 1£ M:Ii:, m OJ x fflk mI s * /F 0
If an action happens in the past, these patterns can also be used to
indicate the verb in the past progressive tense.
10.
iX ili litO iX
The Chinese language and Chinese characters
(5) a'f:k-:!-1 a at1It, fttiE (1£) $45 ( )o
( 6 ) }J :k -:!- { 1 a at 1 , 1 iE ( 1£) t1t f ( ) 0
"IE (1£) + i / i Jl 1g" Et OJ x f l1E1go
The pattern "1E (tE) f-- verb /verbal phrase" can also be used as
an attr ibutec
(7) iE (1£) $ 45 a }J +AJt -+ k !t 0
( 8 ) iE ( 1£) t1t f a at 1it, , J' 3- { 0
l1 [gHI
" T $ " m OJ x iJt JJX " T =1' $ ", tB "=1' $ " I ' 0 -
f l 1g, ffl * * /F T -1tf: $ 'I 1 =1' $ {8 T- JJX 7, *D ":;f"
ii ffl 0
The phrase " T/f' " has the same meaning as " T3 ", both in-
dicating with great difficulty, and are generally used as adverbials to ex-
press that something is finally done though with great difficulty. The phra-
ses are often followed by the word ":;f".
(1) * * fJJ - x.k ,J' it a :¥l 0
(2 ) a ro 1t if- J T, * * 1 * 0
( 3 ) ;J Pf -1i- 1i, 3;P it qf- T $ ' ;k, * * 0
1.1 l:;liji5 'Im
'-J- EE3 M{1 " +'7.." E3 " 1;3" M{1.:::i!:r:... EE " +'7.. " E3 " 1;3" M{1.:::i!:r:... EE
.=E. J:1 '1"}l.T '1" m J:1 li$, I ' 0 }l.T m J:1 l&J I ' ,
if$ffl5! 1f " T$" " Tf " " T " , tB ffl1£ i M"f 5t)(j\igo
" ::f t-" means not easy (to do something), and the word " T"
means easily. The word " f" can also be used before some other verbs,
h x" -/'7 If' " +'7 'fir " d '" -/'7 ..&.. " t t d b . I
sue as In ){T n - -, )(JU IJ1X an ){T ;" , , a ac as an aver la
110
D ifh
Dialects and putonghua
(1) i!-+ it @J , * o
(2) T,$J T, }f$. **-, IJ',\;; , ,)L!
( 3 ) i .=r * t1 ? J 0
I.i qJOO mJJ5
f Io] , 2i 7 IiR* (fJ , o
The structure lays more emphasis on the subject.
( 1) 1t 1t a d), *, a d), * 0
(2 ) - + A - + A a » 'tt 0
(3) + t + ta 4t , , 0
Il ' fXOff g
IJ i " :xt 'I " * /J' f?J M Bt) a 7 * 'I ;Jt (fJ mt , rm ::f
1 0 mr B * BjJ mt (fJ iR 10], ffl 5* D IJ i "/I ::f "
::f o
The adverb "* 11 " indicates that one comes to know the reason of
something or a circumstance, so one will not feel strange about it. Before
or .after the sentence with "*/I " , there is a sentence explaining the rea-
son. Another adverb "/1'¥:::f1 " can be used this way.
( 1) ft ,t 1 {t 11;- i3L 1!tf i!- (A *, 1 IJ, at 1i* 1£ t :t: 11- it
-=- If- 0
(2) 11tJt - ik t:t:, ft,t * J 7i t. -kit 0
( 3 ) 17 , 1 ili ft T, ft ,t * JL :k t. JL flJ 11t T 0 1
mfX1fJ mJ-: J.L t!J -f¥
"-+ i +-tl1 ( )" "-+ i +;gi +-tl1 ( )" 2i m
111
iXmll1DiX
The Chinese language and Chinese characters
y, fflft:a Io]t:po
The structure "- t- a measure word I th ( )" or "- + a meas-
ure word noun t m ( )" stresses a small amount. It is used in a neg-
ative sentence.
( 1) -1t tEl Al, - *-- t. 1 , , iJG Al J:. i* T 0
(2 ) *-- t1t i - 4 t.1t 0
( 3 ) Al tf J!J v , - + 5l iA 1X 0
lZ. U iiJHfPF'tI, i CPOOADff * jft
" 1]IJ i£ ... ... 8Jt ... ... m ... ..." -1' it 2V 10], ffl * iiE BjJ mr 1m *
E3 .=J;: '?Li BR M E3 M
/L ITIJ JL !11 J:1 'J, ==t .,," J:1 'J 0
" 1]IJ i3t... ... Jt ... ... m... ..." is a concessional compound sentence to
express that the fact mentioned previously is obvious with no need to ex-
plain.
( 1) + * -r k T, IJ iJL 1 - + A, iJG Jt + A -i}; 0
( 2 ) + / l&J A Jt- , IJ iJL £ $}] EJ T, iJG Jt -t at ' 0
I! CPOOA -l' :r- Dfft!:1 9 OOA
" tH * " 1t * iR, OJ 5 I $ * /J' A * 1 E8 z, jf& IJ R 0
The word "tH *" , used as the complement of direction, discloses a
person or thing from concealment.
( 1) df1 }] + A Jt ifi? 1 iA ili Al T t11!;?
( 2 ) 1 a{; 1'-54% 1f.1t J if? 1 t1JT ili Al t11!; ?
(3) + 1i }$IJ tf A4h ,t1-t 1i ili Al T 0
f
112
J5 1mi5
Dialects and putonghua
t Exercises
1 @] fc] o
Answer the following questions.
( 1) ml VA 161;f: * it P,ij J 7i? }] ) L U{; A i3L 11;-1;f: t1JT 1:tf 'ti t1 ?
( 2 ) t 1 t1JT ,ti :t- rp i#- U{; {1-li! 11;- VA >'1', 1;f: J1JT 'ti l:, A i#-
a{; 112 t1 ?
( 3 ) 1;f: i3L 5t. * U{; at 11 , j; 1t (A ml A - T -=f yJG t1JT ili 1;f:
>'1' ml A ?
2 ini9IJ To
Rewrite the following sentences after the examples.
19"tl: ;f ft lfa 7, 7 fN * B1 1'8] ;f @] * 0
IJ ;fft lfa 7, T ;f @] *0
. . .
( 1) i3L 11;- ,tJe, J1JT 1 -=f- R- 7f J1JT 'it - 6] 0
( 2 ) 45 1ft *)eX, * 1 m 45 it 1ft ik 7f 1% ftj 0
(3) * # &l1 )LU{;AJt- , 1}1-=f-R-7f * Ko
(4) + * , * 11ft ik7f *o
19"tl: ft IJ l' **, 1fu .-t 8Jt mft 7 0
ft IJ1' **, 1fu-1' T 8Jt mft 7 0
. . .
(5) iJ:t * t K &l1 )L i1i &l1 u{;, t * IJYJG t t1 0
( 6 ) 1 4'- R- 1 - R-, ftj J:., J:. yJG tJt- . 1 0
( 7 ) :k tll. 1, * 1 1tz j\ 7R, 1ft ,tJe yJG ,, Jt 1 0
IX il:i IfiD iX
The Chinese language and Chinese characters
IJ tm f :fE t*J ill: T )('1 i! 0
Make dialogues based on the following statements and questions.
( 1) 1 Jt A 1t (A at 1 7t 1if; SJ 5t a{; ?
(2) it it 1 a 5t rp 0
( 3 ) .. .. Jb --;:1 " '.1i-.t.h ... .....J.._
5K 5K 'IIJ' -<J I.A. 1t2 l:I'J 7i IA 0
( 4) it it 1 1fl ml SJ 5t a ,tt OL 0
4 W ., . o
Choose the right words to rewrite the underl ined parts
[$ - J U L t!1 fT- * t¥: t1 QJT - l' T- )
( 1) 11t iA + J..1t 1ft JJ: , 0
(2) 1 - r JL, -!- J J JL$** ** 0
(3) fIJ7ri!L-!-kk, Jt4fA , iJ:1 - JLo
( 4) 1fl -t- JL If- t. JL 1, at:k -!- , IJ ilL ,
*- 1 0
(5) 1 ** JL , Jtt * a 5t t1 ?
(6) ,t 1Jf1 3;pjjt, 1fl t. %iJf 1 1t -. JL 0
1:1 }Affl% iRJi!fJi o
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words given in the brackets.
( 1 )
(2) -M
(3) j£
1 1£ a at 1 J i, t * *- 0 ((XJIJ ;f (XJIJ )
ill 1'1 ilL;}i- flJ Jr a 1;- 0 ((XJIJ ;f (XJIJ )
* i! 1;-,fP if -t ij ft k 0 ( iA )
114
15 im
Dialects and putonghua
( 4 ) 1ft m 7i A iYL {t 1i! '-6 :t , , JL m 7i t1 JL 0
( :7J iA:7J )
( 5 ) 1 1f1 i 1£ 1£ - 1t J:., Pf)t A /F 3;P jjt a ,£
o (xt)] XX)])
( 6 ) J!. 1t .R,fp }] 1t ij tt, $ 3tX J!. 1t 0 (q J! )
( 7 ) -!- &j1 ,fp l&J , { * tt 7i 1 0 ( A )
(8) -t &j1,fpl&J/Flz.izio ( A )
6 '* '* Jm u .%L M Ita=: [J
"J,?K "J,?K -I/J\ T J IA "1;1=1 R II=) I.J 0
Talk about your Chinese study
. 115
fG+ - iI
JX*Bil
An interesting talk about
Ehinese r=harar=ters
'J:3t Text
, v v . . ,
A : 5l i-g- , 1!F jt 1-rt 1t (A 1t ?
- , , , .
B e . ' P:k '€1 , " -?
'3 I '" .:N::... I.A. - J J 0
v . , , " V V , .
/.'€1 " b lfA - JL /.f1# -J;;- w
A: ;rJ\.:.9L 1-if I.A. 'I @.J , 1 /FJ , , 0
, V - V , , , , , , , . _ ,
B: xt i3L, PT {f, - JL Jtl }J (A "@, J L" ,
V , , , - , . . .
ilL 1t ,\; r -k 7 0
- V V V , , V , , , V V - V V . V ,
A: it !; - {f, PT J)t 1£ 1 $ >tk 5l
, .
r 0
, V - V V V , , , , - V
B: JL :t- " 5t -Jtt 0
, , V , , , , V . , .
A : 5l i-g- 5l , (A 1-[ ?
V, V , V , 'v v, . ,
B : .PT E- - it , ;f; - it , :t- iG 1£ 0
V . , , , , , , , . , , . , . V"
A : 4f a 5l , - ilL aJ] a 1t (A , , ft :ktJ
- V
" J.J" " " 0
116
')(¥ i
-\n interesting talk about Chinese characters
" v " . " -" . " . " " " - - .
B : iJ: ;t ;t 0 17 , p it Y , " J.J" 1: 00 iJG JL J.J * 11l1j ?
" . V"" v " V" v " . v v
A : t 11 0 1:F -1t ;t " rn " , £ 00 4f VEl + rn , , ) L 0
v " " " v .
B : Pf JL r rn Y 11l1j !
v " " . - " v . . " V" " - " . .
A . Jb..3E:- ":t .. JJT ,, -I- -h .h,b " ,, -1. .:it- -I- -h .h,b
. 'I'J, I ;fJ/\\' - J , /.:L t:J'.) ""i1' IJ' r-:A J:1 , A:3 t:J'.)
- v " " .
h WT ,, - ..:i:f- W
}A IF , I 0
" . v - " " - . .
B: JL 11 , 4f , ;f 0
"V "" -" v v -. v v - v
A : 1t U ,it" " .I-" " " ",1}]" ;i p 7.K 4f *- , J1Jf v ;i 4f
- v v
,,- ,!; ,v ) L "
-==- , ...., 7J"'" 0
" v "" " .""". - " " v - . .
B : JJ 4f " ) L "a k .g 'l} ;i p t 4f *- Y ?
" . "-",, " "-.",,. " .
A : JL 11 , - 1*- { t JL " " , t Y iJG Y .. *f." Y 0
" v " " - .
B: t1*{ t-1t ?
" "" -" .
A : JJ iJG;t ". *f." Y 0
" v " - v - " " " " " . " " "
B : 1t" M!," " I " ;i 4f " ,\.;" , 1E.. ;t j; 1t " "
v .
4f ?
v " v
" " . v " " " v .
A: v 1W 4f ( :t ) , J)t 1f. a 11 4f Y 0
I " . _ " " " " " " v " v " _ " " "
B: i3L, 51 * 1t ,*, R 4f 1t ,\.; , - it
" v
;;bJa-
XJ 0
117
iX iH I11D iX
The Chinese language and Chinese characters
t New Words
0 ft! i ( ) quton interesting talk
. t ", dUI." ".Ioi shu6 for Ita sb. . .
..x, ...... " JL
-- - · · · · · · i,t · .. ... - .. " as soon as; once
YI... ... JIU... ...
1 , ( ) " - confidence
& 'u xlnxln
. 1G 1£ n bu zhu difficult to memorize-
hard to learn by heart
. J-J* ( ) shanfeng mountain peak
, , JL ( ) yudionr raindrop
(;) f ( ) plOO to float
. iF ( ) biooshl to mean, to express
4ID i ( ) duyTn pronunciation
m .3r;- w ( ) " . meaning
, I YISI
'It ( ) hoi sea
, .
41) J: ( ) river
/. Jiang
W ( ) he river
,'!JJ ( ) hu lake
fD) *- do bufen in most cases
W * L ) ke a measure word
«3 ( ) Iin woods It grove
m . ( ) senlfn forest
(%) ." impatient, anxious
I J I
. ( ) " . to love
01
i 1 ( ) j ionhuazi simpl ified characters
i1 ( ) j i onhuo to simpl ify
118
t1 '*
IA7 1,
n interesting talk about Chinese characters
)1:ff Notes
1.1. ft i , q.PF*
" x1. · · · · · * i£" * /J' A A EX N. * 0
The phrase "x\f..".". * 1.5t" means to consider from the perspective of
something or somebody.
( 1) 5tt - + fXJtl 7f f; 5t it; a{; A iJL, 5t Jt tt 11 0
( 2 ) 5tt 1J iJL, :l -k 1f- i'j{ Jt 1Ft a{; 0
11. ft Wi;)9: f@; J \ J
" l' * " Jt * ig, OJ * /J' ij] 11= t* )it 1j 0
\ The word "1':ft" serves as a complement of direction indicating that
the action will continue"
( ) ,' -\+- t:1 i5 .. J!- ..:iF;- W 111 'b -c ..... "Jil A l: A:- 7
1 I 11 R ix.. I , , -rr ,ff{. J- -A )J!u fiJ\.. ,'lfu 7L 0
(2) , :kt , ;ylL tr*o
( 3 ) 1 a{; :f; JL 1Ft:kt, iJ: 1 i1t r * 11 0
11 J1 ft , )j(
JE IJ iEJ " 7£ " " -1[" " " }iSt 0
The adverb "7£" means always, time and again.
(1) 1f-1[*- r o
(2) 1 JJ o
(3) 1 -f-.l:- t1t1R 0
119
lX ili Jf1D SX
The Chinese language and Chinese characters
Ii -!g'1?-!g
" 1L · · · · · · · · · · · ." * /J' 11= A /f' IiiJ 15 1m :X: :itt 1J ' :itt 1J ;7.. 0
The phrase "iL....... .... ..." indicates alternating actions from differ-
ent aspects for several times.
(1) i:t 1i a at1 E.. , 1-rf 1 7[ i:t-!- 0
( 2 ) I J' £ :kt *- t, :kt E.. , " j£ Jt t. 0
( 3 ) 1 1 l)tj- -$- a {f -r, E.. - }j - }j, - Jt Jt IJ 0
-:- EJJ38 1tz m
" - · · · · · · 8;t · . · . · ." * /J' - f 11= ' ;jL lli !J[}g it jJ - f
11= ' ;jL 0
The phrase ,,-........ Jiii ..... ...." indicates as soon as an action takes
place another action follows immediately.
( 1) - flJ ;Jt "$, iJG -!- £ Rii 1 0
(2) -p iJGMz- J:o
(3) 1 - T JLiJG ftl1 ,f!l a 3tki£J: 0
t Exercises
1 [Q] fD] o
Answer the following questions.
( 1) 5tt 1 *- iJL, 5t 11 t1 ?
(2 ) 1 iA i ' 5t ? '?
(3) 1 iA i a pJJ p "7 " #C ?
.
')(¥l&irR
l\n interesting talk about Chinese characters
(4) 1 iA..i '4f "*- JL" ¥J ? ikiJL-iJLo
(5) 1 1£ iA.. i '1GJ ? (J;t:ktJ "*- JL" " -=- , , 7 JL")
ini9IJ To
Rewrite the following sentences after the examples.
i9tl: E3 *A 3j ))(* ttt 0
x1E3*A*i£, 3j))(* tt$ o
. . .
(1) 1 + J;t 00 1i 0
(2) 1 f1{; .:r J 1i- '* !f4M 2f-1£ *- -f 0
( 3 ) yip *- i!. 0
(4) 1 If- ¥J A, 1£ Pf 1 fij.}] * JL 0
19t1: {fu4ij;xittiJJX5t* $ 0
1fu-ittiJJX 8JL 5t* $ o
. .
'b ..J. 'b ." ';' rl-t :s?/.. lJ.. -=tAt rL J:. -J.. _ iJb
( 5 ) .J1t /k /f5l. , it, 9:J ,yj, 'I /fll "A -!k 0
( 6 ) t * t1t i at 1& JG pti:J ifJJ p 0
(7) ik%iJf -M , flJ;it $ J:. ;Jr 1'-5 0
( 8 ) 1 PJT ftl ilL) ilL) !t ¥J M I ' it IJ 00 1 0
19t1: 1 /r;J ic 1 ft 1 !Jt?
1 *ic 1 ft 1 !Jt?
.
(9) ;k* , 1 ft :f 1i-o
( 1 0 ) 1 4f , r 1-i- t1t 0
(11) 1i.;tA +j 1ftiV 0
( 12 ) x.. iJj(. ; . ,& f- ?
121
iX ilil1tD iX
The Chinese language and Chinese characters
3 je! l'W H 3t PXx'fi! 0
Rewrite the following passage into a dialogue
!F- j *
Ef) 3t
J. . *R -# kM .*
J:.a , YJLk * o
* + , k
ili + 0 A 1;1 iA.. -J!- 1L * , JYL # * 1\ 5t g;
4t a l&-JJJ 0
.* knM , ffl -.k , m
k7i Jk 7fj, a 51 j£1* WI +4t I ' 0
4 & 1m f :fE pg i1t T x'f i! 0
Make dialogues based on the following questions
( 1) 1:F 1t >] 5t ?
(2) 1t t1tt J 7r A iJL 5t J;t t 1i?
( 3 ) 5t .t J;t a 7i * ?
II m'I 3 iRJfJi o
Fill in the blanks with appropriate verbs of direction
( 1) M1 JL * l? 1 T 0 (ijt i% A 1£ t .L )
( 2 ) 1 w X- -iij:- T, * R * 1tt J L 4h 0
( 3 ) 4 flJ }]J] T a , 1 % iJf , 1 aJ] flJ J:.
, , iJ: -!- j(-$. 3& 41 0
( 4 ) aJ] -f J:.1:t a at It, jJlJ T 11 - ;t 0
122
))(
An interesting talk about Chinese characters
(5) 1 .:f; a at1 l t, $ kk k 0
(6) , T, ;ffl «" ?&{f./J'..£a &falY T 0
6 M *"." i , #, in@ 0
Explain the word with .., . " below, then make sentences with the word.
( 1 )
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5 )
(6 )
(7 )
(8 )
(9)
( 10)
lJ.. tv J-k /.f1, Ja.. - -l- g T 'h
T /1 'vt"-1 Y- J' -=-, /J 1 - IA , .. gJ 0
.
J {f. * , ,' 1 -f 0
.
1:t It. p i!. 14-" JL?
.
1 4$t 1* #., ){;1=f i a at 1t 1 , 0
.
!t i3L, IJ'..£ * T E:J:.J)l 0
.
t 1t4tt1* #.:y,t $; 1 0
.
J[ -!-}] JL R 4tf, it,tJt T , ,JLo
. .
J b k J L .lh.J.-l- b ;h..
'I'J' - , /ftl- /f/ ,YfL 0
.
+ T, Jt d o
. .
A: 11'1 - -!- ':#- ,1 It. {f?
B: .t JL, JtaJ] -!-P o
. .
7 '*' '*' " u '31 + u M · ,
l l T ;:"J 1", 1:1=1 1'Q IA T R'J JJ i"A 0
Talk about the methods of learning Chinese and Chinese characters
12
[:j = = iD m
Telephones and
t.he Int.ernet.
fG+ = i!R
JlUf,Jmft09U Y
You c:an use mine
>l: Text
'V ..... ..... ..... ..... - ", . - ..... ..... ..... - 'V . 'V .....
A: 1$ i.. ii "11;? J 1£ tf 00 iR -. -*. £ l&- 1-ff 1 ,tk: ,
'V ..... ..... 'V V ", - ..... - .
r 1 ft VA tW il1t. 1 0
..... . 'V", ..... -", ..... - 'V ..... ..... - ..... 'V ..... - ..... 'V
B: *- 0 VA tW 1£ tf 00 , - ;}r 1 *- ;}r jlJ if- 1iL ,&
_ ..... ", 'V - 'V - - 'V ", . ", ..... 'V..... v..... ",
JL , -¥t dJ ,& *JL ift *JL 0 4f at 1 j£ ift 4{f , t 4{f A ,
..... ..... .
I$] 1 o
..... ..... ", . _ ", _ _ ..... ..... 'V ..... - ..... ..... ..... 'V 'V
A: J 1£ 1 *- 1 VA 7r, / JfJ 1 1
'V .....
{} Uio
", V 'V 'V ", . ..... ", 'V 'V 'V..... 'V..... 'V - ..... ..... ",
B: fJ * , ;!tJ 4 1 , j£ Pf VA 1 JfJ IP -t ii li. *
'V -..... 'V..... ..... ..... ..... 'V ", ..... ..... ..... .
J#] 1 , :yJG*- {f r 00 -F 1 0
'V ..... 'V - . ", 'V ..... ", ..... -
A: 1 JfJ1-*JL A o
'V ..... 'V - ", . 'V 'V ", ", ", ..... - - ..... ..... 'V..... ", 'V
B: 1 JfJ 1- JL 1 Pf VA fit at fit j ! PJT 1 VA 71', j£ Pf
v - - 'V..... ..... 'V ", ..... - .....
VA £ fJi 1"t , WL ;!tJ 4 5l il1t. 0
125
It! m JI1D fij)
Telephones and the Internet
- ..... ..... ....." " ", . .
A: 1 f ,*, JL 1 11 ?
..... ..... ", ..... " " ..... . "", - ..... ..... ..... "" - - "
B: 1t JJlt lk:Itt 1 0 f{: fJ 1 f , 1 J, 7i ,
" " ..... ", ", ", ..... ..... " - " " " .....
Pf VA -!- 4tt 1-T;fp 1 »J , Pf VA 1£ ATM JL L ,
", " " ..... " . - .......... .......... ", ", ..... ..... ", " - -
j£ Pf VA 1£ J#J L 0 }] >'1', 1 jt i 1 f p -t *JL
", " -..... " ..... .
1A , Jt f o
" . . . ". v - " . - " .
A: , 1, -t*JL 1 1o
..... " ..... " . " .
B: j] 1 m * 1 0
", ..... "..... ..... ", ",. ..... ...........",. "",..........
A: m , J 1£ 1t -. JL 0 m a at 1 ,
.t.h
t:f'J 0
, New Words
iR ( ) t6ngxun communication
. ( ) shlye enterprise, undertaking
. J¥.1i- ( ) donwei unit
,,' ( ) zongjT telephone exchange
,& gL
0 tb (11') " by.. through
you
Q 4t ( ) zhuan to change - to transfer
7} *JL ( ) fen jT extension
8 4t ( ) .... incorrect It vvrong
cuo
126
BiiR R J- J
You can use mine
. I$] 3t 1'{; naG xiaohua to make a fool of
oneself
m> b ;t-J:.- ( ) anzhuang to install
-3t;
. m ( ) - .... to be for public use
gongyong
" ... pubian widespread II general
{j-if& ( )
. ;i'j ( ) sheng to save
m 1 m ( ) shTyong to use
. IP -t IP ka IP card
«3 ii (11' , ) tongguo through: to pass
WI 3-.*1#] ( ) hulianwang Internet
a;) fit. at F.t J sur shl sUI dl at any time and
any place
tI) J£. ( ) fa to send
10 ii 1t ( ) duanxln text message
1t ( ) dianxln te I ecommun i ca t ions
?t. i!. ( ) v .., to improve
gaiJin
j] 7r (Ji, rE ll, {{ ) IIngwai in addition; besides
i6J ( ) chaxun to inquire about
iL 1ii chong zhr to top up; to put more
credit in
Ytf mian fei free of charge
II iL chong dian to recharge
(a battery)
127
It! m IfID fij)
Telephones and the Internet
Notes
Ll. ffL \fJL 1tfJL
1ti "EE" 1£ m* /I' i1 i, i:5JpJT 0
The preposition "EE" here indicates path or location
(1) d1 JLkllt T 0
( 2 ) ;t i'f{ ttl it d1 m 1'1 A Jh 0
" EE" tf1 OJ * /I' } \ 0
" fE" can also indi.cate a starting point.
( 3 ) d1 JL -!- J#] p tG llt 0
(4) 1 1fl aJ] *- d1;J $ ttl o
( 5 ) 1 d1"JJ JL ?
" EE" OJ * /I' $Y3 A * 1 j( 0
" EE" can also be used to express that something should be done by
somebody.
( 6 ) + & fa] d1 2 JIlt .m ;}r 3 0
(7) / J] a ,tt OL d1,J' 1t- 0
( 8 ) 4'- *- 5tyt J.. r a at {It d1 1ti it 0
11. i3
"1$]" 1£ m£ " " / , ffl** /I' ::f T $'I ?K*
o
Here the verb U I$]" means to take place. It is used to express a dis-
aster or something undesirable occurs.
128
BiiRm s
y' au can use mine
(1) -!-1f-J[*- 7 lz. , a J f$]7 (shuTzai flood) To
(2) J1JfiJL11t1f11 Jiffl Jff (maodun contradiction) T 0
( 3 ) ftt Jiffl #J T, ,t 1;[f JL *- i. JL 1 0
11.
" :{lQ · · · .. · it " ffll£ 1 1 i9: 10] JiJ, /F 1 1 i9: 1tt: 0 OJ R ffl ":{lQ
", Q iR ffl " £", tf1 OJ R ffl ". · · · .. it", g 00 10] ffl
" .Il " 'fL +32:
8YL J.:E 0
" D H. ... S i; '" is used in a hypothetical compound sentence to indi-
cate the supposition. " U " can be used in such sentences without "
i ". " " or "...... i: " often appears in spoken language and the
adverb " 1fX " often precedes the latter clause as a correlative \'\10 rd.
( 1) -Jtp *- aJ] *- IJ $t a '-5, 11'1 iJG -!- r&l T 0
( 2 ) Jt 1 * 3tk *- , iJG ili 1 11 0
(3) 1 ,ti: a '-5, iJG -1} 1: JL 0
mIP g
" " /F t , {8 R ftg ffl T * J£ 10], /f' fffi ffl T I'D] 10] 0 I'D] 10]
ffl " £" /F t o
" " can only be used in declarative sentences denoting choices.
It cannot be used in interrogative sentences, in which " £" should be
used to indicate choices.
( 1) t1t t -r- :$ 7Jl1 , Pf v 0
( 2 ) 4-- *- Bit J:. :$ aJ] *- r 4=-, -!- .t 1 0
1.2. Bi1.Rm ffiJ "!
" 1- 7" ffll£ 10] fig" /F iR 9" OJ ffl "Q " j 0
129
1f! If1D
Telephones and the Internet
" T 7" used at the end of a sentence indicates a mild tone It can be
replaced by -" U ".
( 1) 1* p pif- ifJj iJL 11 * T, ii )JIJ 11 T 0
(2) * 1* m * T, J {f. m 0
(3) ,*Jjt)L, ;yJLiJ:1 Jjt)L** T 0
Exercises
1 [9] fc] 0
Answer the following questions.
( 1) :J!J 1t iJLJ {f.;}r '-5 1 T ?
( 2 ) 2fS.17 iJL iJL P}J 1t JIlt ?.t Hi T 0
II }Affi m iroi!fJi o
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words given in the brackets.
( 1) ;}r + '-5 j£ 1-1-.&. ,
A)
ttl j£ -+/J'at o (83
(2)
( 3 ) 11'1
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
11'1 1- y 16, -1} i. JL ii 1 0 ( A 1£ )
- a at 1 , 1 ,& iJL 3t '-5 0 ( A 1£ tt )
-Bt- +A., 1 ,& f 1t , 0 (83 1£ xi)
t *a ff J:. - ki 0 ( A tt)
Pf v IJ, ff * F{t llt a ;l[ rjf 0 ( xi 83 )
-Btik.J)l£ ll ); a #J f * 1;P k 0 (x1 83 NN)
if- {f. f * ;}r lAAJ J;jt a JJ + A. iit? ( NN x1 )
130
BifflmR J
You can use mine
(9) f'J ti. v E, Yif1 1f1 ltt»to (x"\f ffi)
(10) atk +at11 , 111t o (x"\f RN)
( 11) J L i ill, 11'1 *- $ -!- t1 0 ( A ql )
( 12 ) 11t;fr 1'-6 tJ{; at 1 , 1& Jt #G t 71 - r JL G 0
( x"\f)
II '1 3 iRJi!fJi o
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words from the list given below
r ,
OJ 1t 5'c JC X OJ
( 1) 11t @J 1-ff :kt T , j;J1 ii @, Jf<. 0
(2) gt v tW, 11t "JT- JL 0
( 3 ) !£ iJ: 11t 1 I Jt k, Pf 11t J:. i* T 0
( 4) 1 iJL * JL T ?
( 5 ) :i! ii 3.. * J#] :i! 1'-6 711 , ;ii 1 0
( 6 ) t T ;fr '-6, 1 j£ fJt 1t 0
4 fnf9IJ To
Rewrite the following sentences after the examples.
19t1: iw1 jj5c/L', ft $ 1fu 0
-m1 jj5c/L' T 7, ft $ 1fu 0
. .
(1) 1 #Ggtt1 , *1 o
(2) a}] k )tYL .. JL, :i! p1 v 0
( 3 ) 1t jt tJ{; J 71, J - r JL Pf t1 0
( 4 ) 1t L h, 1 G i* t1 0
131
II! m JIID pg m
Telephones and the Internet
( 5 ) A: A)f])f] 1 i 1-T "1!; ?
B: 1 )f] p , JYL A )f] 0
( 6 ) A: yif1, A -+ f J1!, JYL f I 1 t11!; ?
B: 1 I t1 , A at fa] 0
1:1 IJrm1'9tl T iEi o
Judge whether the following sentences are correct or not.
(1) 1 lltJ:. -J- - , , :9t, -J- -=-, , :9t? ()
(2) }J 1 m *&L*t1t511t.Jto ( )
(3) - iJL, £$}] :kA $ YLj£ -!- l&] JiGJL 0 ( )
( 4 ) A i.A.. iX 1 iJL f] -+ A., j£)t tt 1 JL * }]}] 0 ()
( 5 ) 1 v 16, 1 4t % 1 "1!; ? ( )
(6) IJ, !tJ:. Ytf 1 p1!;? ( )
II m1mt :fE 1*J3iTrt! T8 0
Make phone calls based on the following information.
(1) Ej JJ}] t1 , %J *- 0
( 2 ) it A 4t % 1 }]}] , 1 j;J11 !t E1 llt 7 0
(3) Ej }]}] i9 at fa], - -!-$ Ao
132
+Imi!R flft2i.: IIf3fl ")i"
There is a limit. t.o everyt.hing
iJ:>l: Text
- , , - . ,
A: ffi] * 1 - t;t ii ?
" " . , . ,......, " " '"
B : t:l}]}] 1R-1R- , A :-t- 1:. JAA) »t J L »t J L i )t 0
" , " , , , " , , - , . .
A: »tJL JAA) i i )t 1:. , 1 lL .i 1:. 111 ?
" " " " " ,,- " . " , " ......
B: -t at >J ,ti:, p}] at fa] »t JL pF1? 1:. j£ ill
o
" - . " . , . - - - " " " '" , "
A : 4 !k #J J L -r lL + J1 'f .:t , VA -wr >J 4-tf 0 16 *
" , . , '" '" , , , - " " " , "
1:. 1 JAA) i i )t , - r i* iJG -!- JAA) 11 , >J A t -
, -, , "" - " " .
-t J.- /" --a- 12I J f1 5l -<
rp- .x- , )l.. Pj- 7J 1><- 37 /l=J I J 0
, " " " " , , " , - .
B : A Jf- A lL *- JAA) 11 "1& ?
, - , , , , . - , . , " ,, -,
A: :£- JYL lL {f , Pf a JAA) 11 7!J 1 91t 4 , it Ji. JYL 0
- , " , , .
B Ilk $ 1 ' 1 l: -r $ "i1. ?
: JIll- ,... ,Y..JL /1' ":::-J.
........ " ........ ........ "'W'" ........ - . . .
A : 'f lL 'f , Pf ijL ,ft, a at 1 0
133
It! lliD (ig
Telephones and the Internet
, , , . , , , . , . -
B: J 1£ it {t JL 1 , fAAJ i )t xt A 1fl ;tr 1ft *- a J
, . . , ,
:h , 1 -r- 1fl 8J 0
, , . , . , , , - , , , , .
A: J!. - + *- a J:. JU] , it A -:r if. 1£ 4*- it ;)c a
, ....
;}j * 0
, ...., , , , .
B: p * JJ: 1 , fAAJ i )t j£ 4% a 0
, . , . , - .... . , "".....
A : 11)\1J , 1tt 1t (A -. 1 ;tr + " Jt" , ii Jt iJG * 1 0
- , " , - , , .
B : ii Jt , j£ 1 ,\.; RJi #J !
- , - ,
A: 1 J1- -Jt Jjt 3t 0
t New Words
( ) . , to get together,
JU
to gather
8 1#J ( ) wangluD network
U J:. shang yTn to be addicted to
e -tat ( ) pfngshf at ordinary times
0 i!- ( ) , to be fascinated by
ml
. - -t yf IUD qian zhang to suffer a disastrous
decline
134
1t ) 1;; 1 ..
here is a limIt to everything
( 1f-A) we i (chengn i an ren) not, under age
. *YL ( ) gUI ding rule" regulation
.
( ) zhuan to make a profit.
to gain
. il ( ) weifon to disobey, to act
against
1 Jk- kfr ( ) v to supervise
..roi.rw J longuon
..g: f 1 ( ) bumen department,
division
kfr ( ) v to be in charge of
rw guon
o/l ( ) shOhu to neglect, to be
.iffiL I "'
remiss
-it&. ( ) v." to popularize
PUJI
. '!It 1 :JJ ( ) xlyTn 11 attraction, charm
zhao ml to be fascinated. to
be captivated
. A-:l:- ( ) renshl people, person
.
. it ( ) tan too to discuss
. fijlf- ;Jt ( ) .. v. , to settle. to solve
J Ie J ue
* J:I!. ( ) chulT to deal with
1-ff * (%) dedang proper. suitable
It. ( ) du degree, limit
lilt. (%) guodu excessive
135
milD Iij).
Telephones and the Internet
)! Notes
1 i =1' B l: JD
. . .
.
A ' PJ " " if * - OJ A :rz:.. E8 " E3 n e: " E3 ffl -r- H z
R " , c -;"h" 0 R , a::::::I " '";"t::'" · · · · · · '";"t::'" ;'t:,
I"]L.I I ' .. A /J' I"]L.I i'C;, , , 0 F-I- t--I /'-J- ,
* /F 1ffijjj! , 1tit &fD]Jo], £-f tt,$ i£5*o
The auxiliary verb " " denotes possibility. " " is used in the
rhetorical question ' /f' £......n ", which indicates conjecture or est i-
mation with a negative form. It is a euphemious way of saying.
(1) 1 , 1, Jt W 1t1 ?
(2) ftt fJ I$], Jt A 1p ?
( 3 ) * 1 -t- , if- j£ , Jt if- 1 t1 ?
2 R l:1Ii1S m DJB
. .
" nJ;J" 1=+=1 * IV '::=1 s:= -=E. - :p:J r:tF -H+- 7=;- :h:..;iJL:rz:.. n:t: q 1=+=I..:c n 'Ii
I-IJt m 1I J I "],CJ JI=I, /F 1'3:. J:ii... I , TiT'F:J -r;J 31' 1'&, /f'., 37 m J l:a::I 0
" QJE ", placed after an adjective, indicates a high degree with a
tone of exaggeration. It is often used in spoken language.
(1) , 1-f** JL1 ,t-r JL 0
(2) fJ JL o
(3) ftt #.* , o
3 :Qfij U \ J
. .. .
" 1]IJ iJt · . · · .. 7" f8] * A % iq) , ffl * $ i , if t $
* , ffl-T rJ iRo
"j]IJiJt ...+. an adjective _1...... 7" emphasizes a high degree bearing a
tone of exaggeration. It is often used in spoken language
136
.n it B 1' " "
T"here is a limit to everything
( 1) at 11'1 -!- "* JA , )JIJ :t I 1 0
(2 ) 11'1 !f -*. 16 - ;k 1k - , )JIJ :t 1 0
( 3 ) i!. ;k ;f i )JIJ f11 0
I.i , tQ m HrSJ8'.t
"A £ A, OJ (£) (/Fli) ......" * /F 9c fE - 5*, 18 1f-
1f, 0
The structure of "A £ A, OJ (£) (/Fli)
" is used to first af-
firm a certain opinion, and then make a supplement
(1) i!.4F!j if- $ 5tkJt$5tk , iiJYL j£ , 0
" JA-_ ' JJ I! ';JV -3- 9 ';JV -3- rtr 9 lb -J;;- b ) L i7
(2) "T.R PLiiF % iiF %, PJ 'I#J' /FJ I"'" ""F-iL 0
g1L J
" li " £ l' tt $ 9* % iq), E £ EE zJJ iq) "li" *D iq) " "
,1fM m$k OO.. zJJ _ ,/F X
ftl! % iq) 0
"li " is an adjective composed with a verb "li " and a noun " Jf." .
Different from other adjectives, it still retains the characteristics of its
"verb-+object" structure in usage.
(1) 11 ii 11tiJL -M- 0
( 2 ) ,\.; nJi #J fJ{; A #J ii 1t 0
(3) 1i.9} (prloa tired; fatigued) iiJi., iiz-M--M- )L1 # 1 # 0
Ii ffln $Tf m
A rei =+. ':::I
t, Jf ). AJJ 1 C J
" ,,
"A
OJ * /F FtgjJ $, t ifi t o
It! If1D fig m
Telephones and the Internet
The auxiliary verb " " can indica.te being good at doing something
or being capable of dOing something.
( 1) 1 E: i3L i! 0
(2) :kt 1tt tf rI=1 , 1E.1tt 1ti 0
t ;g Exercises
1 @] fD] o
Answer the following questions
( 1) 7J 1t (A *YL ;t A 1f- A- E: Hi IAA] t1 ?
(2) A 1f- A-Hi IAA] t1 , *- fJ 'f t1 ?
(3) 7J 1t i3LJJt JL IAA] i , ii 7 8- iJL -If?
2 JAffl m iRJi!fJi o
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words in the brackets
( 1) 1 -f- at J;t J L IAA] ? (it
( 2 ) t1 * 1 11'1 jtJ 7 *JL , if! p
/t= ); 'ir )
'D' 1J:E.
( 3 ) 1
n)JB 1t )
( 4) -f- at 1tt "-c ,
y n)JB)
$
UJJB J L )
? (P)JBJL
at11 f; JIf1', iJL%ijf - ? JL 0 ( y
at fa] J;t JL IAA] i p}tJ? (it
138
j 1t B f;j1' "M"
There is a limit to everything
3 ini9IJ To
Rewrite the following sentences after the examples.
19t1: 1 OJFtg IJC )L )m: L 7 0
----. 1 Ij[)L )m:XX/F £L 7 n ?
. . . .
( 1) 7 -f:k, 1 Pf 7 0
( 2 ) ufj- JL A 1'1, Pf $. A 7 0
19t1: )L zJJ Im/t 7 0
----. )L zJJ Im Q o
. .
( 3 ) 1 1£ a & fa] J!- k., tt a k. 7 0
(4) :k f 'Ii:, aJtJ:- -!-1;t}] JL 7 0
19t1: 1fu 111 £ , OJ ih1fMfg,{ Bt1 o
----.1fu111 £ , OJ ih1fMfg,{ Bt11 o
. . .
( 5 ) i:tl 1l-$. JJt ,tft a , Pf.it t- 7 0
(6) .it I ' i:t!£i , ,JL 0
4 'I 3 iRJi!fJi 0
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words from the list given below.
r
......
, 7 & it *J\! INsltJ - -f-3t
JYL1f Rit J:. (1) , 1AA] i* xt 1 -f-1fl 1tt k.
a{;(2) 0 a 1AA] t1 7 91!1 , i!R (3) ,
(4) A 1f- AiZt 1AA] t1 , a A 1f- A J;t JL 1AA] i*
(5)
, >J Af:t!(6)
, Y:. -BF jJlJ {Jt
(7)
70
139
4! m IftD Iij)
Telephones and the Internet
5 ffl 3 & o
Put the words in the brackets in appropriate places in the following sen-
tences.
(1) t + f , CD * 1'1 (2)4 itCID fijlf-ik: d), * 0 (iEl£)
(2) 1AA] t1 CD R T 9lt1 , (2) iJ: A 1f- ACID JJt JL 1AA] i* 0
(OJ )
( 3 ) CD JYL , A 1f- A (2) :i! 1AA] t1 , CID a 1AA] t1 T JYL
o (OJ)
.
m l'iii imi!@ 0
Make sentences with the words given below.
( 1 ) J:.
(2)
(3 )
(4) kfr
.."
(5) {j-
(6)
(7) 1
-\f-
*i9IJi5iaJl1t&1t 1' "M" 0
Give an example showing that there should be a limit when doing any-
thing.
-140
7X
Weather
142
· : +Iiim
x VJx
It' 5 a fine day today
'3Z Text
v " . -
v v , - . . v , v .
A: 1 Dt: 1-¥- J1- p)tJ , Ng iV @1 1 , 1 ?
v v v v v - v , , , .
B: 1 ,& \1y' m£ , M1 ;f 1£ 1tt 0
, . . ,
A: 1tt a 1t ?
, , v , , . v - , , v , , v v __
B: YL 1£ j$- L *- , , , i X. Jt ;Jr X. Jt ;Jr lli , u
- , v v .
" r ,$J 1 0
, .
A: J6 ?
, , , v v v v v .
B: 16 * ilL Jt 1 \1y' m£ 1 0
- - v. v v - v .
A: / , , 1 , 1 ii m£ 1 0
--,-, v v ,
B: Jt J$J *- , . JL 0
. , - -. - - - , .
A : I1tJ 11'1 -!- J-J p , J1)f iYL t "t J:. 1 0
, . - , v . , _ , v .
B: 5'1' dfJ I!: {f?,fp at - {f ; J1 ?
--v, v -v., v
A: ;1f k fE , tt at B£ ,fP - , , JL 0
1'
t's a fine day today
_ _ , , , . - - - v - v v v
B: J1)f:k f9i {It iYL , + :k $ ftt FA , I J' 1$J 0
v , , , v. , . v - . , . - - v, .
A: A;t r 1$J a 0 1 ttl -!- ;t ;t , +:k Pf Jt +
. v - ,
111-¥J- a M :k 0
, - , v ,- . v - , . v
B: 7i - r 1$J , 1£ J-J J:. J 7i 0
, v . , , , v v. , v v -, , v ,
A: }] A 11'1 yJG J:. 1$J J1 0 r , , JL 1$J , t "t iJ: 1$J - ,* ,
, , . .
}] ;f i !
, , v . v . v - - v - . - . -, v
B: }] yJG *- p , A 11'1 1-¥J- $ , , JL *- RIt, J-J J:. k , ;J1t
v .
i a o
, "V, v - , , ,
A : it , JYL 1£ 1 M JG 1tt - 1+ * J L 0
. ,
B: 1t (A *JL?
v , v
A: 11; J:. 0
\
I
143.
A:
Weather
t Npw Words
(%) xiong sound (sleep), scented,
appetizing (taste or smell)
... ( a1 tl ) v always
c zong
I
\7j' ( ) chao to make noise
( ) " dream
meng
JL ( ) " . . "- to dream
mengJ Ian
o/J tk ( a1 I J ) hOran suddenly
, ' J '"
. Tit do lei to thunder
;JT JA] do shan lightning
. uf- ( F) hUG onomatopoeia
.
, , ( g ) should
. l gal
4ID %1* ( ) zh6umo weekend
m t t1t (:g ) fengye maple leaf
B ( a1 tl ) " all entirely
quon
71' di1 (:g ) ". . outside, out
wOlmlon
D k. Fa (:g ) taiyang sun
6b fw {It ( ) yubao forecast
«3 111 (%) nande seldom, rare
WI 7]- ( a1 tl ) " - just in case, if by any chance
wonYI
m ( ) duo to hide.. to avoid
0;) ( ) dai to bring. to take.
( ) v v umbrella
yuson
B 1!;J:. ( a1 I J ) mashang at once It immediately
B qT chuang to get up
144
1' ,.
It's a fine day today
" Notes
L1. fXl@ [QBf J
" t " OJ * /F "8; ", 2 i 0 " t " ih OJ H t m: 1£ 9X
,1# t:t; .=E: - "i:J h;A"
t::t.)J)(., -}J- .IJ' L.., 3:I. 0
The word " B" can indicate already. It is read without stress. "tf)"
also can be placed before nouns or noun phrases to indicate already.
( 1) ;t jlJ k 1, j£ i! 0
(2) -k 1 i! $ J if, ;t 1 0
(3) ;t /,,-, , 1, 1 iiM.1 0
?& tJ tJ
. .
if] "X. · · ... X... .. ." Ji t Jl r , * /F JL l' 11=, , 1 ;5L
F6J 8t ff1£ 0
The pattern" X... ... ;Z ... ..." I inking several cases indicates the sim-
ultaneous existence of several actions, states or cases.
(1) 1 5l if;Jj(., 5l ,, , Jt+#.1f * o
(2) 11'1 t x itL 5l d1 »J, 5l 4tl-1t, 1£tif1f!. 0
(3) £$J] a 5l ;rt, 5l1tt1 , -11E'ti: 0
II
qr l' f ft5J
. .
" * " OJ i i€i, i€i, i i€i, * /F =1' g IJ 0
The word "xi f " can be used as an attribute, an adverbial or a
predicate to indicate "hard to come by".
145
Weather
( 1) 1 J1- Jt + 111-1- a A.;f 0
(2) 1£ :1: 111-1-.9L jtl i!# 7R* 0
( 3 ) tf ffi1 W , *JL 111 , Pf 1-1- * * ) L 3J 0
I.i J?-:-r:
iE lJi "J] -" * /F /I DJ g/11 IJ\, ffl-T1 li9: , =1'*
o
The adverb "h -" indicates that it is rare for an event to take
place. It is used to describe something hypothetical, undesirable or un-
I ikely to happen.
( 1) +:k k. i , Ij i ', , 7i - iT, 5l1-1-1 , * JL :k 0
( 2 ) 1;t * 1£ i! J:.11 + , 7i - -k T, ;j flJ 0
(3) -f, ,)L*v , 7i- J:.k.lf-:t ;}J,?
1£WJ: B) 7?
" " *mrg 1 ffl-1' i (mr , g a ), " " £
" 1::t z;;: " M EB *"A. '=3;
1l!" .::t::... J:1 'J , I " =FI. 1 0
When the same verb appears before and after the word " B", " B"
means even and is read without stress. The former verb is in the affirma-
tive form, the latter one is in the negative form.
(1) W1tlf-1 #;t #, P4 T 0
(2) f] +'J'J )L* * *, :yJG ...8 o
( 3 ) t -r-1 t1t t1t ii, It. ?
146
1'
It's a fine day today
;g Exercises
1 @] fD] o
Answer the following questions.
(1) i!JL:ka :k ; , {f-? :k ?
( 2 ) i! Y J 1£ tfJ :k ;fP 1 t a - {f- pE; ?
( 3 ) 1t tfJ tfJ :k , {f-? 1t -& ){k p}] + i1? :h
1t ?
( 4 ) 1t iA..:h t * a :k , {f-? 1 >] ,tYf 7 pE;?
( 5 ) 1 p i! t * :k tfJ ,tt ,)1 pE;? it 1 11'- - r JL 0
2 m f :fE iiij i! PX x'f i! 0
Complete the dialogues with the given expressions in the brackets
( 1 ) A: :kJ1- i a 0
B: 0 ( tt)
(2) A: i!Y a :k , ff-?
B: 0 ( D ... ... -f¥)
(3) A. 1t 1'i!JL tfJ:k tt1t -M-pE;?
.
B: 0 ( 59: 1f )
(4) A: PJfi3L t * $:k a :k *..-M- 0
B. 0 (31] *JXl )XL iY )
.
(5) A: :h 1t i3L k:k7t t * -4- tf -M-tfJ i1?
B. 0 ( =1' th=1' )
.
147
A
Weather
( 6 ) A: 1 PJf :k :k fw:tli T P ?
B:
o ( Z" B )
( 7) A: 1,-F 1;P i! :k a JL 'P ?
B:
( E3 -a- J:= E3
o !& rCJ /..on.
E3 ire. J:= E3 )
!& I ,\, I..on.
3 m tm f :fE r*J itI: T x'f i! 0
Make dialogues based on the following statements and questions.
(1) T1 , r T!
(2) at:k X *-!
( 3 ) 1 $ ){X 1t {f a :k ?
( 4 ) 1 iJL 11'1 J7i * 1£ 1t 11 -k m 7i f<- ,* ?
ini9IJ To
Rewrite the following sentences after the examples.
19"tl: E J\., 7, ft1fl tl:, Q 0
t J\., 7, ft1fl tl:, Q 0
.
( 1) -G ,?!, T, 4C- -M *- T 0
( 2 ) !7JG i 1 iJL 5tt T, 1 iJG jJlJ Jj- !£ ftt T 0
(3) t.i1fT, :k:t j£ at ?
19"tl: {fu- * I!Jfo
{fu/ '* I!Jlo
.
( 4 ) ftt 17 ;ro if if 17 jlJ 1tt l1t 0
(5) tf *- i!{f%iJf1 , 1 - jL t11ti!JL 0
(6) ftt- jL * W 1tti! . JL 0
48
x l' t
t's a fine day today
m: wm , m . W 7o
1fu g iIJ II , f$fJl . * 7 0
. .
( 7 ) 00 z 1W i!. JL JL ftl1 , -Jt- ;t lz T 0
( 8 ) 1 ;t -1iL ' ;f:f tfJ * A. 0
( 9 ) 1 lz ,t T, 1tt ' ;f:f at fa] * 1 -r- -!- / J&1 0
5 1 3 iRJi!fJi o
Fill in the bla'1ks with the appropriate words from the list given below
r
-......
t
]J-
9}(
, , ""
m
wy
X ... ... X ... ...
*1
M
( 1) 11 71' tfJ p -t
(2 ) tA * ,?!, - jL
:i PJf JL T 0
(3) m G-Jt-tfJA T :to
( 4) :k ftt ;fT tt 1'-6, -!- ;f 1 T ,
5lJL 1 o
( 5 ) 14 r ttl1t .. J L T, It. \?j'
( 6 ) lz *-, Pro 11'1 ftl f] + t1 t1 0
(7) ;it"$, :k ftl i!.# 7R*- 0
(8) jE * ttl.% fl , tt 1'-6# 11M T 0
(9) 1 jt %iJf - P JL, -Jt- iL ii 0
1-1- 0
, 1t 11'1 fl t1 iJL 1'-6 tfJ p -t
ftt ,
J$] tfJ 0
149
A'
Weather
. . PX ,#ml'OO T * o
Change the text into two passages and begin the two passages with the
following two sentences respectively
( 1) ttl *- FE 7, tt at ai.,fp · · · · · ·
(2) -f-J:. l? iV , J a £j£1f- ......
1r -1' )L1 ifllE :ft 1' :P PJ] Jt ia Z;h 0
Talk about the favorite sports in each season in your country
150
+ 1.\. i!R
fi ll!)
-p
In the same season
iJ:£ Text
- v , , - v ,
A: tf 00 m ;it 1i JJIJ 1 k 0
, . v - , , v . . v - , , _ _ . - _
B : JL 11)tJ , ;it -}j r k a{; at 1i , r 'J'1 fJJ 7t !Y-¥-1t 0
----v.,. v ,-. ,-" v
A: 11ft iJL -flJf 4f J -}j, 4f at - *- a{; 1
v ,
1 ko
v-- , v, ,- v- vv--,
B: 11ft iJL, J1 JL 4f G] 1 112 iJL: "-f- Jf 1£ + Jf j' , J
. v - - .
*- t pt 0 "
- v, . v, . " v, v - - , v , .
A: J!- 4f ,,& 0 JL 1£ J1 JL , ,t *- 'g{ 0
, - , , , v ,- . . , . , v - .
B: 1£ tf 00 , 1i J1i *, J1i J1Jt a{; J -}j t aj] 1 ,
, " -
J1 JL .} -Jtv 0
v , . , . v . , - _ .
A: Pf JL 11 ? '4 ,'t (A p 't" Jh\ " ?
, v v, , 'v , "v. ,
B : 1 1 T -k 1: ,'it , J1 J L 1i ,'t (A {f?
, v . - - , - , v
A: 1: ,'it a{; *- X- i X- i 0
151.
A i
Weather
v-v-............... .-.-............... .....v.....-vv
B: -it *- Jt ;ilL £ :f a *- f {It , J:. ift li tt ;it
"'-3- h 1
---- A-
ll... TCJ 37 0
v - - " - ..... v v ..... - . . v v .
A: ;it Ei '4 *- i , Pf Jt &- -f- £ 1ft fIt. p 0
..... v - - " v v ..... .
B: J:. ift *- fIt. 11 ?
v - ..... . " v " . " " " . ..... . v - . v .
A: 1ft J -}j , A 11'1 't 't jt 1Jf >'1' 00 tt &- £ fIt.;fP 0
B: J!- a 11 ?
-. ....." - - v...... " .....
A: J!- a , -k -if- *- -k it - ;x. 0
v..... . ..... - v - ..... v..... .
B: 1 - iYL , ,-k 1 0
" "..... ..... v ..... . - v - v v .....
A : jJIJ, j£ Jt -k * , *- a it fIt. 0
--..... .....,,--
B : "fj- iYL }] ) L 't 'J ffil 0
..... .......... ".......... v v ..... - - . " ..... v v ..... v "
A: 1ftJ Jt 0 it r tt 1& , ill -k - ;x. , it :¥1
..... - .
R1ia o
..... ..... ..... " . " .
B: X-Jt-+$1 o
..... ..... v ..... v v ..... v . - ..... ..... v " ..... v . -
A : }] Jt I J' -. ) L 0 , , J:. ift a ffil" * 1 - ;t $ 3tj: pt 0
..... v - - ..... .
B: }] k*--kl1 o
152
ft rqj -l' 1J
In the same season
:t=t New VVords
(%) tong same" at ike
( ) .,. . ,
J I J Ie season
1 ( ) qlhou cl imate
1: IJ ( ) chabie difference
jlJ ( fE ll ) daochu everywhere
. -Jf ( ) kai to bloom
f- -* ( ) xianhua (fresh) flowers
- 1
. ....a ( ) , temperature
. 'jJJ1.. qlwen
. 1t ( ) bianhua to change
4ID Jt. ( ) pf'ao fur-I ined jacket
. ,J... ( ) sha thin silk gauze
.-:-7
B ;f ( ) boo to hold or carry in
the arms
k. t ( ) huolu stove. furnace
( ) xlgua watermelon
83 #JJIt (%) shOfu comfortable
j il ( ) dlfang place
.jt ( ) shu to regard, to
reckon. . . as
d;) ( ) ,. , the four seasons
SIJ I
1ID t1 ( ) , to be like. to be as
ru
I!) i (ii) yaobur6n otherwise, if "not
.....e (%) shT wet. damp
,
if} ( ) b6 broadcast
153
I-
Weather
ht ( ) blnguan hotel
/, l--
ll£ ( ) v , heatin.g
nuanql
( ) , to make.. to do
nong
. Rli (%) zang dirty
ffil ( ) fengwei delicacy
:g Proper Nouns
r- 1'1'1
Jf :
Ef, BJi
Guangzh6u
Xinjiang
KOnmlng
Guangzhou (name of a city)
Xinj iang (Uygur Autonomous Region)
Kunming (name of a city)
Notes
1 CPl¥Ji¥1 t 11 Uf
. . . .
1'Io]T i iR " 1]IJ 1&*" -1' I i R iR, f¥ 10] T Q4 I
lo]oI Io] , I m fflo
In this sentence, " jJIJ fR *" is a subject-predicate phrase. Such a
sentence is a sentence with a subject predicate phrase as its predicate,
in which the predicate is used to explain or describe the subject
( 1) f] JL .$ -3ttJ 0
(2) + ;fYL JL{-f-T-i1Jf, ? -Jif, 11r4 1 j:o
( 3 ) -!k , -!- J:. i* Y 0
.4
tt rq) -l' 1J
In the same season
2 11 1-, &e tm15 EEW3J
--
:1& " )c" 1 tB ;X 9"0 1'£ 1M (if 0 "j)c + i " 1M 1JQ
" " 0
The verb " " here means "to regard (as... )". The structure is
"j)c ..... n. " , which is often preceded by " ".
( 1) ;i * :iji Jiij a J 4ft..£ f1t #- Y 0
(2) A jt 1 :iji Pf a -#J 4h 4ft Ui Y 0
"j)c+JJ\Io]" m1& fflo
Another structure "j)c a clause" is very often used.
( 3 ) A 11'1 Jjl4ft 1 Jt- 0
( 4) A 11'1 JL + A. 4ft 1 + -f- 0
3
?& zowe " ifi1" UIB
...
. . .
'iL '.:;:::] " ifB 9fi:. " E3 "ifB E3 ' -i¥ " M:::rx... EB I=R * ' ;:J I '-u- .:=E. - :f:- EB # :f:-
ff 1C!J :>z::.....I"' .,," :>z:: IE.....I"' '1'+ r:J'J lf$, IC', m ":J Jlt /I' -1=1 7I'C -I=I
it ?tlo], ftE1M(if ?tIo] -1'* /I' 5E Io]To " /f' " DJi£
"ifB " # " 9fi:. "
)J,X, :>z:: .....1 "' .....1 "' ," 0
The conjunction " ::f?: " means otherwise. It introduces a clause of
result or conclusion. The preceding clause is affirmative. " ::f" or "/f'
" b d . d f "tt.EJTJ;R"
.f\\' can e use Instea 0 ":f;;z:: "I' \\' ·
( 1) 1 Pf Y, ;4 ( / i:& ) fJ 1t J:. i* ?
( 2 ) ;i * a .$ ,fk :k :iji *, ;4 ( / ;4) :t i!- at 11
Ri a A.:iji ?
( 3 ) 1f1'fft * v , i:& ( / i:&) yJG il. ,* Y 0
155
,
Weather
I.i lli i!f d ft 37 IDt
"*" q )(.!Yi, 1'£10] 1** /J' 1t / " *N 115- 5E i
* Ij 1t1T, B1 7C i£ tB 1* 1 , 111 OJ ffl "*" 0
The verb " " can stand for many verbs. The action " " stands for
can be inferred from the context. Sometimes it is unnecessary to say the
specific action, so "*" is often used instead.
(1) 1 *lt r, 1 ,*,JL1RV o ({ti)
.
( 2 ) 1 -t i!- #11 111f. i -Jt "11;? ( ;}r )
.
(3) -t .i4jiJL (Iosuor zipper) J r, 1 { J.f."11;? (4I- )
.
(4) J1- i1i ,*,JL7R ? (i *Jfx.1-rt)
.
t Exercises
1 @] fc] o
Answer the following questions.
( 1) 19 1 J iYL aJl tf lli1 m ;it 11 ft jJlJ 0
( 2 ) "-V- ;£ k 4=- j', *- t "t V!J " i!- 6) ""f; iYL aJl r
1t ?
( 3 ) 1 p it tf lli1 pJJ J if a 11 :iji M- ? 7;; 1t ?
(4) itiYL aJl- r JL k 1i.1£;it $,fP 1:., i1JJ J a 17L ,*,,fP -iJt ,*, 0
2 PXx1i! 0
Complete the following dialogues
(1) A:
B: ft tt ti *- a 4it l1jf r 0
?
.
156
ff fq) -1' 1J
In the same season
(2) A. ;it * X k f1{; :iji tt :iji 1 '8- ?
.
B. 0
.
(3) A: 1 11'1 lli1 pJJ ) L f1{; 11 :iji it JJlt ?
B. 0
.
(4) A. 1 1f1lli1 ;it -}j r f1{; at 1 , m -}j k ij£ ;fP p1; ?
.
B. 0
.
(5) A. 1 PJT k fw{1t p1;?
.
B. 0
.
A: ?
.
B: ;fYLY 0
(6) A: ?
.
B: - 7RiYLXk 7Rtt 0
*Ntmf :fE pg m:q T x1i! 0
Make dialogues based on the following statement and questions
( 1) iYL - iYL 1 1f1lli1 1 * f1{; J -}j 0
(2) -1f- tf 1 :iji$3tX 1t -$ ? JJ 1t ?
ini9IJ To
Rewrite the following sentences after the examples.
19 : 1£ 1'*:P- , wl'!fuJJt g IJ o
--. 1£ 1'*:P- , IJ;Q::t g IJ o
. .
( 1) Pf 1t J -}j f1{; A;}r PJT }] + f1{; J JJI:. 0
(2) 1 +A{£ J }J}] o
( 3 ) + J -}j { :it y, { fIJ }] 4 0
,
Weather
19t1: PJJ ) *, 111 iq: fu ) it IJ 1m Q 0
--. PJJ ) *, f 'I\B ) f IJ 1m 0
. .
(4) 1 N;tf" JJ ilL kM& 7RM& J y, *- r Y 0
( 5 ) M1 A W !i -t- { 7R, JL Pf .% fa] Y j£ 7t ;J:T, Pf
11t j£ m 7R 0
( 6 ) yrp Jt 11 F;t y, 7R i!- ;k 1 1-1- 0
19t1: 11 fi T !fu1J, f 'I\B . B 7 0
--. 11 fi T !fuJJ, f 'I\B B 7 0
.
(7) tkJ)ly Jft*a 0
(8) i!- JL Jft *- a Jh k 11)t *- { 0
( 9 ) {it i!- + * Jft -t a A, 7R k I J' K Y 0
19t1: B l'fPXmP]*5lQ , 5lQ /f' f¥, /f' Q4E " fpx" o
--. B l'fPXmP]*5lQ , /f' /f' Q4E " fpx" o
. . .
( 1 0 ) v 1 * k it 1 ,t , i a '-6 iJL it 1 7R Y 0
( 11) i!- 1t JIlt I J' Y, -3ttJ * k i!- {f, 1 iJL -!- l1Jf
JIlt Yo'
( 12 ) Bit Y, 1 jJlJ * Y, k 1 * Y, it ,\; a 0
19t1: 1' 9 tB, ¥i/ ' 1 Mo
--. l' 9 tB, *1/ , *1 1&Mo
.
( 13 ) k -f ffi-1 ttl -!- * , 4\ * Y 0
(14) }] +/J'1 JL -T 'zJt Y 0
( 15 ) v 11t G a .% f a l T J3 -f it 0
158
ft rq) -l' 1Jm
In the same season
.11 iJt :Ii l' 9 1 J i i! 0
Find out the predicates in the following sentences.
( 1) 71l;it * v:A 16, 1fl 5t '\ i:#- 1 it J 0
(2) k -!- JJ )L1tz 1 0
( 3 ) 1 I 1? j£ ?
( 4) f!. ill 1 1? 1* 1tz f!.;t 0
(5) 1m kffilA.o
(6) JJiL{£ JL , , -f 0
( 7 ) i!-1t L 4h )t I J' .£ a 0
(I mf :fEiRJi! PX To
Complete the following sentences using the words in the brackets
( 1) ;it * a r )t
(2) -==- ik 71lfJJ;it * ,
(3) a}] a 11 **lt 1 ,
( 4) 1fl JJI
(5) :k j£1tz it JIlt,
(6) :k aJt 1 ,
( 7 ) f1 , if!. a 1t if-
o ( IJ ;zt )
o (31: 1t )
o (P]*5lQ )
o ( )
( J:FL ' 1 ,f1 )
o I ' J:1
o ( /f' )
o (*)
7 *mm .moo. - m o
Tell about and explain with examples the diversified climates in different
places of your country in the same season.
159
m+-t-tt
m JliD iti 1;:1
..!1 3Ia
I want to see a snow sc:ene
*3Z Text
v..... ..... - v . ..... .
A: it fo] , t IJ, -lt1l1f- 11 ?
- ..... " " . v v " ..... .........." .
B: 1it 4- d1 A1 1 0 , - JL yJG t€] 0
..... v v -" ..... .
A: }] 1it - r JL J1 0
..... ..... v. ..... v..... ..... . ..... .
B: 7r df1 , 11 ? --t ij£ 1!. ilL J1 0
v v . - - ..... " - - ..... ..... . ..... ..... v
A: ;J1ti a o *-- j[ fA *-, ;t{f-r r 0
..... ..... v . v . - - - - " ..... v v v v " ..... .....
B: }] * 1 ! a *- r , fifr y , - ;t fU
v v ..... " . v ..... " ..... - - .
.5I!- .l: /."E1 JLZ.- l/A Z 11 -?
:3 Jy... , ,Yf'u 1 -J ', t€] ,;t:JJ 7 J 0
v v - . . "..... . ..... ..... v v ..... v ..... ..... ..... v
A: 1;t 1 J1 ? it 'I a k 1!. JL 1tt ' r , yJG k r ,
..... v . .....
I ko
..... v v v ..... ..... - v V" ..... v v ..... v v
B: Jl -iT 4- * ;it R 1T , }] JL Pf y ;t 0
v..... ..... v . .......... ..... - ..... " -
A : Pf k }] J L i 1-1- , i 4;f jjlJ 1 0
- - ..... - ..... - v " ..... ..... " ..... ..... - "..... ......
B: l1Jf iJL J1i 1 i at fJJ * r ..::. -=- -t Jt. , J[ 11 ?
160
*
r)(, IUJ\ '13 :3 .ffi.
want to see a snow scene
, . v " -, , " . v " . v . - ,
A: *- a{;, ;ff A i>L -k J1 JL JJtJL a{; -*: 1 -r-;ff #] % '*
r 0
, v _ v v v " , - v v . " , " - " v "
B: 'f , , 0 * r Jt 'f1W Jt -¥/t, j£;ff Jt
, -
*- o
v . v - , - v " - - - v - . - - v " .
A: a{; yrt1 *- * t A, 1 i>L );A: a{; ;J ftJft *& r 0
vv,--. vvv,--v
B : -f :yJG PJT i>L r , pJf VA , -k 7t 7t g 0
" , , . v -, "v - , , . , " , v
A: A ;tYL 1:. p , tW JL }J JL r r - Jh *- W 0
, , . v, . . v " , 'v v " - -
B: k . r , ,ttl 1-1- 1:. -k }J JL ;t W p ;J ftJft 0
t New Words
tit? (;g ) v.v
:3 , XU8Jlng snow scene
-%- ( ) kao to get close to
;Jp.
(;g ) .. - . - hometown
Jloxlong
4t " " terribly. extremely
yoo mlng
-- 4t jjlJ ( IJ ) tebie very, particularly.
especially
. 1 ( ) dT low
(j5c) ling zero
+
161
k
Weather
(;) Ji. ( J du degree
0 ;J ( ) dong to freeze
«!) X. ( ) kO to cry, to weep
m 'f (Ji) buguon no matter (what
how.. etc.)
46 Jk ( ) , fur.. leather
pi
Q) 7W ( -r- ) ( ) mao(zi) cap.. hat
W {t ( -r- ) ( ) xue(zi) boots
og k:R ( ) dayT overcoat
«3 il]<. ftJ}t ( ) bTngdioo ice sculpture
WI 7tO koi yon to broaden one's
mind.. to widen
,
one s view
«3 J:h L J chang a measure word
4ID ,ttt 1-¥- ( ) henbude how one wishes one
could, to itch to
:g Proper Nouns
* t
D6ngbei
the Northeast. Northeast China
nA .I-:-t
I-f - IJ' 1/,
Ho'erbTn
Harbin (name of a city)
162
*
j"" I \ -'E3 :3 .ffi.
I want to see a snow scene
)! Notes
1 WL l',iE/f'
. .
" JL £... ... ih......" :Ii f it Jo] 0 " £" }gOO ?tJo] 7KiA f *
, 11= tB it , " ih " }g 1m ?t Jo] A & :M iJt tB JE 00 } \ 0
" JiiJt :fIJ: ... ... til... ..." is used to I ink a compound sentence of conces-
sion. The clause after" )j t&" admits the facts; the one after" ih" stands
to contrast the meaning of the first one.
( 1) 1 a *f * 1, iJL)t k. , -t * 0
( 2 ) j;p II t flJ , iJL )t II 1£ 16 ilL, II flJ , ,
(zh6ngdian terminal point) 0
(3) J1ff iJt il]<. ftJ1t k * 1, iJL)t -1t ;t- - , , JL,
-!- o
11. qJ f.lBJL 1 [jp
" $ " * /T' .¥ JE IJ f , 0
" "fin" means an extreme degree has been reached.
(1) JYLl£ 1 1 4t, ,t:k: , , JL t1t p 0
(2) 1 fIJ -1l -1l 1t, 1 1 4to
JJ 9 , 1£ ,9X ? 81ih OJ ffl " $" 0
In addition, u $" can be used when one is very worried or com-
plaining about something.
(3) r 1-+.£JJJFfu 1, j£ 1f, J1- 4t!
(4) 1 J!.+A.J1- 4t, k. }] ajt!
163
-A: ,
Weather
II
Offi 1 jAi 81 U r:= +
. . .
"= +"" [gs" "11 /', -f-" BX "[g111''' "-tJ\H1[" 1'*
t- ffl, * 7J' $1 to
Two neighboring numbers are used together to show an approximate num-
ber, such as "= +"," R!] E:f", "Ii >\ T-", "[g Ii 1''' and "-t J \ Hft "
( 1) 3.. ;f ,t.. 1? -=- k. J:. i* 1 0
(2) -G /"-4- JL , 1 i£}t}] 4- 0
(3) +J rp Ji. *-t 7i A. p 0
Ii
\..0.. J...h -6CC
'1" E5 :9 J7;!, j""JV 'I"
. . .
" /f' tE. · · · · .m · · · · .. ." :li f 1tf: 'oJ, * 7J' 1£ f:£ 1DJ 1tf: l' JI g
-7t 'oJ pJT iJt 6 * a :li f :1& f 'oJ *- ij* i i€i mr -7t 'oJ OJ ffl "/f' re "
" .:J;:. 'A " j:::: _ 1=l r:+I " ,, ".:It11 " 1:E
/L"];I::: , 11:=1 -JJ- -oJ m I ' -ap '1" a
" H. u.m . H H." is used to link a compound sentence of condition
and means no matter under what conditions the result stated in the latter
clause will occur.. Similar correlative that links such a compound sentence
of condition such as ";r'it" or "JCit" can be used in the first clause and
" f J" or "t " used in the second clause.
(1) *}t1t *lt, 1 t # ,Jj(o
( 2 ) 'it 'it }Jl:. -r- , j1Jf v JG it- , t 11 , 7 0
( 3 ) 4 ro 1-]- -$- JG it- It.. 1 , J& 1 M- 0
l2r ]"
" , " * 7J' 71< SJZ- , PX T, 1* tJ BX ttg tJ s, ffl T IJ i€i a
The word "f " is used in spoken language meaning high in level;
good in scores, strong in physical strength and capabil ity.
164
*EJ g=;!E.
fJ<J IU,' :3
want to see a snow scene
(1) JJ A. J1-t , 1 - p iJGJ:.fIJ *Jh\ a J j;- r 0
( 2 ) A. J tt , 1[1 FA j 1-f t *lL r 0
( 3 ) 1£ 1[1 J)l, jfJ t , :kt }t * f* f* 5t iJG
M- r 0
6 'I 1 L JL Jj:[ D) m
. . .
"/lt /f' " * 71' - f , -tJ] * *D ( ffl T /F L f /f' IJ
), 111 iR " II,[ /f' ftg", - * i BX i Jl ig f ig a " II /f' " *D
i ig Z. 18] ffl " L" "3L IJ" "M tk" "- l' -T " i a
u/t =1'1 " expressing eager demands and wishes is most often used
to describe something that cannot be real ized. "11 /F g" can also be used
instead of "/lt 1 ". It must take verbs or verbal phrases as its object
Adverbs such as " L 1:", "fL tIJ", " M t " and "- l' -T" are often used
between "1' :::f " and the verb.
( 1) i! * t r, ,tit 1-f - ajt J:. iJG 't; 1(: 0
( 2 ) ,tit - r -f- flJ t :Y: 0
( 3 ) p -1t1l-Ml 1] -=- If- r, r £ $}] :kt , ,tit 1-f
J:. YL flJ :kt 0
Exercises
@] fc] o
Answer the following questions>
( 1) 1 't r 11 ? k k ?
( 2 ) r 1 $ 5tk -t 1t ? 1;t a £ ?
165
x
Weather
( 3 ) .} 1 J1i $ 5tk a{; 1£ #J Jt 1t ?
( ) ...., ...., .:J:. hh)J.; J;.:f, k-J.r J;
4 1>G -1>G A-}:J'J 'IlL ,...., /fP"iUJC ,...., 0
II m 1'9tliRJi! i - 0
Give a talk using the words given in each group.
( 1 ) ; r k. 'J ffil J1i 1 ....F] 4t
"3 .. -c IJJ1l.
(2) J1 J-h if T 11. ;tit A. it
$ $
(3 ) i , flJ Wi 1}
3 ,y...
II *&j f :fE pg i1t T X'f 0
Make dialogues based on the following statements
(1) ka{; p}tJ!
( 2 ) r a{; it }] 0
( 3 ) it it 1 a{; 0
( 4 ) .. .. h .. - ;.h
15K. 1::K. -r 1£ J 0
II ini9IJ To
Rewrite the following sentences after the examples.
19"tl: i IJ B JiI* Q , )L tt )L B *D a
-.. i B JiI * Q , ) L tt ) L B *D a
.
( 1) 1f-J- f itLii - K * -r- 0
(2) }} itL *1, '1-t itL p o
( 3 ) 1 1f- 16 itL;t JL a{; 1'-6, ilL 1£ tW p 0
166
* -=r: ?-
"?<, Ill,\ S :::3 " ....
want to see a snow scene
19t1: 1fufNY IJ ft )L*, *, ii1R*- )L8Jt o
----. 1fufNY IJ ft )L*, 8Jt *, ii1R* - )L8Jt o
. . .
( 4 ) J!.1t") L }]IJ % iJf 1 1, % iJf 1 , 1 d), * 0
(5) J!.)La k. IJ , IJ , k. 1tt; o
( 6 ) 1* }]IJ T 1'-6 ,, itt 1, p * itt , 1 * f'J %J -*- 0
m l'oo tef @ 0
Make sentences with the approximate numbers given below
( 1 ) / 7L+
(2) -=--t -t E..;G
(3) ::- ,??, E.. ;G
(4) ::- -t +
(5 ) i\.. JT J: r
· '1*3 iRJi!fJi o
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words from the list given below
-
..!:::I::::...
ft£
1fP
8JL
*13
, ,
Tf Tf &
!f- 8JL
/f'
( 1) J!. HYt 1, }} + I J ' -ltt itit j£ , X A. J 1
( 2 ) 1* j£ p 1!. , 1 -Jt if- 1 0
( 3 ) J!. k., itt F itt 1£ * * a 1 -1-1"1 0
( 4 ) 1* }]IJ JU] 1 , p 1!., 1 % iJf 1* 0
( 5 ) t7JT 1* J!. , J1- M!, -!- 0
o
167
l
Weather
(6) iA/] J!.1t. )L1tt1 J£ , 0
(7) ik1 QL, ,)Lj&o
(8) if-- J!. J if k 1 0
« » , - m xo
Write a passage with the title of "On a Snowing Day".
.
o fjR)r
T ou.-islll
.+1\. H 8 L JJi1
I ve Elimbed up the Great Wall
. :>Z: Text
, - -. -. , , .
A : ,t:k: -]f- -$. 1 , 11t 11'1 p ?
- . - - - , , , , - . .
B : i>L -Jtf , "t -f i,&. ilL )-t 11t 11'1 JL -+ 0
, , . - . - . , , , - .
A : it it * 1 , at Bit 11t 11'1 r -f R ;f 1 ,t 0
, , , . , , . ,
B: flJ A JL It. . JL 0
, , ,. . .
A: -Jtf, fJ 1 ,t:k: I ' JL , 1 0
. . . .
A: 1 It. - -+ A WJ 1 ?
- . .
B: 11t 11'1 i£ )-t % 0
, , - . . "-.
A : fJ 11t 11'1 1 , ,t:k: -$. p !
, , - -
B : flJ * JJ1\ * at 1' 13 1 ?
, , . ,
A: k{ i1JJ -+ IJ, at £i2 0
, , . - , - - -
A: i!.-j J1-jJf f-!
, . , . - - . . "
B : JL p)tJ , i!. Y $t 1ft -k 0 fl , J-, a JJ1\.t , fJ JL * JJ1\
170
:t ..tJ JfiX
ve climbed up the Great Wall
. , .
a - o
- , , , . - . -. - v . v
A: 1 1£ }] JJ 1-- , J1- j !
- v , - v .
B: *4f-7i $Y o
v v , , v .
A: rfr v t1 7i Y * Jh\ pFcr 0
- v , . . - , - .
B : / "-- iZi. Jt- fJJ j , 17 11'1 i r if- j 0
- v . v v, v - v, . - _ v, ,
A: J1-7X 141 pFcr! -f itJG * 6 ;t ;t * Jh\, 1& jf. ;t
, .
fJJ j 0
v --. v v -, _
, - v
B: 1 I7JfiJL it 4f , it $ 7r A iJL: " fJJ * Jh\ f *
, ,- v . - , " v, , , v, v
31 , pt -f- J1- it ,t 0 " JYL 1£ , 1 flfL it ,t , *- *
, .
31 j 0
, , , , , v, . . , _ , ,
A: JYL 1£ j£ jf. *- * 31, *- 1-- -k jf. J1- if. JJJ *
.
;!h\ j 0
v , , . , - . , . ,
B: *, fJJ }] + j -k !
. - - , .
A: * Jh\ 1-- J1- k pFcr !
v - - , , , _ .
B: 1 EL i * -1t 1-¥- }JJt 0
v . . , - .
A : * at 11 :k 'Ii: , 1-ff &. 0
, . . , . - , . -, .
B: 11" t 1-- t -f- I j , $ i 1E !
171
1& )1»
Tourism
:J= New Words
ii* (%) guot6u to go beyond the
I im it to overdo
r-f ( ) xiobonye the time after
midnight
ftl ( iIl lJ ) doodT after all. finally
( ) laibujf no time to do 5th.,
unable to make it
-NJf if- (%) - .- fresh
xlnxlon
. J Jtt- ( ) chengqiang city wall
L ( ) bufen part
,:7 '7J
. 1 ;t ( ) . -.. " construct
. xluJlon
. 1 (%) liaobuqT amazing. extra-
ordinary
D %1f; (%) h6ngwei grand, magnificent
*D ( iIl ) v (to see) with one's
qlnyon
own eyes
..." ( iIl ) zongsuon at last
1& Jl-
I) f ( iIl ) fei not, no
* 5t ( ) haohon brave man.. true man
( ) " to cl imb, to crawl
po
{3 Ji-iE ( iIl , %) zhenzheng really; real., true
WI (%) hou thick
. ,ti: (%) - " hasty, in a hurry
congmong
172
fX l:J JfiX
'ye climbed up the Great Wall
1i
( )
laideji
there is still time. able
to make it
5=8 Proper Noun
J\ Jii
Bodo Ling
Badaling (name of a place)
5ln Notes
1 ftt31fJ :f: :f: * o
-.
" -r -r "
'1' · · · · · · '1' . . . . . . ,
rFFi A "-r " t;::, J+I ;::12 'IE...LI::..
I .....1' J.:::t: m, J l.JCJ jE 0
I n the structure "::f:.........::f:...........", the two "=1''' are used one after
the other emphasizing affirmation.
( 1) R JJI: xt J, 1t t. ftl 0
(2) 3Z. /J'£ 1" , o
2 i :f:
--
" -r , lr7 " M:::a:.. EI3 E3 -r At::; ...LI::..
J;}[,.....I... >IT J:J'J , 1 ':kE .....1' t, jE 0
"i5t::f: t-" means not sure.
(1) A: aj]3Z.3Z. ; *-f?
B: i>t *, J!.)L, 3Z. 1 :k:k. 0
173
ftfY .
Tourism
(2) A: IJ, 1t at1it *?
B: iYL /F. *, 1-tt )t "JT k :A 1'-6, iJG * 1-1- ,t}t - , , JL 0
Il fX* U Z(Q] JL
" ilJ " 1£ I'D] Jo] * 7J' :itt - iV ili 0
The word " IJ " used in a question indicates further inquiry.
( 1) 1 , /F. i>t 1'-6 ? J!.1t JJJt 1 flJ * )(3: /F. *)(3: ?
( 2 ) at *- a J;jt flJ i1i 1 ?
(3) "JTi>t IJ, 1£ F;t 1, ftl Jt 1t ?
I.i fX U )L
"$ @] * JL" ffl *i13] I'D] *'I *'I l¥J 1* 0
" $ @] ) L" is used to inquire about something. or the causes of
something that happened.
( 1) , W" JL? >'1' liL }J frffl 0
( 2) J:. i* at 1 1 t, 1-tt 1(1 l? r -!- 1, 1 p l!t Jt , W ..
JL P1!; ?
5
/tr!!\w n J
-
"/ ,." * 7J' £J1qN*B1f8] g, f T ! 7 0
" ,rt;,." expresses a wish that finally comes true after a long time.
( 1) J!. @J JL @J 1 - 1'- !l Jlj], *-,& J1=. @J * 1 0
( 2 ) J!. J:h k 'J 1 ::- *-, *- ,& J1=.1f 1 0
(3) -;k-!-/J'£ , 1-1'-'J'at, ,&J1=. ftl1 0
. 174
fX l:JkJni
've climbed up the Great Wall
t.\ Exercises
@] fc] o
Answer the following questions.
( 1) iJG -]f-lf- 1, A 1} 1 pl!;? j; 1t ?
(2) ftl *J * at fa]? 1 1f1 j; 1t i3L*J Ji- 1 ?
( 3 ) 1f11f- * J Jfi J if ;t flJ 11t ? I {f ?
PXxt 0
Complete the following dialogues
( 1) A: J!. ajt 1, 1 I j£ it. t. {f} -1t ?
B:
A:
B.
.
A:
B.
.
A.
.
B:
A.
.
(2) A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B.
.
A.
.
o
a}] :k -f- J:. JL , , ttl ?
o
Jb Pf 1 1f1 p l!. 1 pl!; ?
o
a}] :k - 1f J:. If-1-rt * at f a l ?
o
J!. i3L, 1 at fa] 1f-lf- J:. k 1 0
1 ;t JL * if'(1, R' p 1 t1l!;?
?
.
':J: -k h- ' 1 lb J. frft ...J.. lL ?
8fL , P, 'I'J' -1T Jl- -A P-=:-J .
?
.
J!.+£ r ttl , r£ --f-J:.W o
?
.
:k r -]f-1tr; {It 0
175
fYJI
Tourism
( 3 ) A: Jlj] 1 ;fT J1=. -!- l1JJ JL R ?
B:
A: t 1 -!-}J JLJ£-!-1t j ?
B:
A : Jt *-f -r, i ;11 ... {£ }J JL 1£ .fJj -]f- 1 0
B:
A: 1 4f 4tf 0
B:
A: , 1-!-m $1o
o
o
o
o
mtmf :fE pg i1f: T xt 0
f\ ake dialogues based on the following question and statement.
(1) %J *- 1f1-!- ,* *J t11!;? (m-;X*:ft* *fPX f¥)
( 2 ) i3L - i3L 1ri. Jtj] R -1t it IJ 0 ( P}jB) L ) L l¥J g
B1 18] )
4 ini9IJ To
Rewrite the following sentences after the examples.
19 : tB + it- /\ g 7, 59: :ff :J> B1 18] 7, t I
--. tB +it- /\g 7, =1' 8JL*=1'& 7 0
. . .
( 1) at fa] 1, nlJ 1-tt 1, 11'1 JG ttl p 0
( 2 ) ik 1 !it % j1] , k tW at fa] -!- Jt:kt 1, @J -1t JL 0
(3) fJ @1-!- -r JL , 1 i3LJ£ ;itJ:. P1!;?
176
fX l:J
ve climbed ut) the Great Wall
19t1: ft!f- 8 !2* *fPX, DJ IJ 7 0
--. ft-!:f-8Jt!2* *fPX, :A:/ ,. IJ 7 0
( 4) JL *- - 1L FA *-, *- Pf ttl Fa J 0
( 5 ) -]f-.Jtf; 1 It. {£ ajt J:. iJfi W, tt 1 i3L J -f
*-, 161 J 0
( 6 ) 1 -kf JL 1-- A;fr 11ft I J' ..£ a -flJf J 111:, 16 -T ;fr 11ft flJ J 0
19t1: 1fu ft VijJ, 1h ft R o
--. 1fu JC ft VijJ, 1h ft R o
. .
( 7 ) 1ft iV 1-¥- flJ 1 I ' J£ 1$1 1* 1f. 0
(8) # Jf: *1tt1 11:, 1tt -kf t1 t 0
( 9 ) ,t! 5t , ,t! t: 0
1'9IJiRJi! PX To
Choose the right expressions to complete the following sentences
l'*
7=1'
IJ ft£
JT m¥
1
*
:;ffi
*
( 1) )t - 1tt * a , 0
( 2 ) A: 1 p l!t at *- ajt J:.1t at 11* -]f-.Jtf; r 1$J a t1l!; ?
B: 0
(3) 1 K1t ,
(4) 1 *-t '!J J J£*J:. J *J ,
( 5 ) 1t D;W" 1 w ,
( 6 ) Y'A tW R)t 11ft i3L jf ,fp l&} 1tt , *- 1& Jf-
?
.
o
o
o
1
Tourism
(7)
( 8 ) 1-tt
, 1G 1 * fJ -t5 1 0
, iA ttl 1 0
. m 2 ![ i xo
Retell the text in your own words.
1r 1 if1 - ij 0
Tell about one of the places of historic intereB and scpnic beAJJty in YOllr
country.
M+1til
DDx fdJlJlD
Going to the zoo tomorrow
><: Text
- .... .
A: J1- pFCf !
....... . '" .... ........................................ - ....
B : I @7 * ) L ? JiL 1 J:. i}ft ;fT at. 0
'" - ....... . .... . .... -. .... '" .... . ....... ....... . .... .
A: at Jl a J jf y , - i! -!- Y * JL + J jf 0
.... '" .... . '" '" ........... - .... - . .
B: -f pl!; i!. I ? VA J6 JL 0
....... - . '" - ....... . ....... - . '" .... ....... .... .... - . ....... '"
A: t a at fa] ii pFCf , t a Jti -i1 i2E Y , Pf
....... - - .... - .... . .... '"
;t ;t ii o
.... ....... - - - .... ....... '" . .... . ....
B: }J 1 S. i ;f t;t a J jf -!- 0
'" - ....... .... . .... - '" - '"
A: at -!- Y tt 't t7 ! 0
- '" . '" -.... .................. .... .
B: ! a @7 , 1 8 pl!; ?
- .... ....... .... .... ....... '" .... . ......................... . '" - .... '"
A : Il51 7'1 8 * -!- a , Pf Jt I I1Jf JiL @7
? ?
.... '" ....... '" ........... '" . .... ....... .... . '" '" '" .... . . .
B: r @7 1 -!- , p 11'1 - jl( jl( 0 aji t7 r&1 -!- ii Y pl!;?
179
drY if
Tourism
'" '" .
A: j£ 0
.... ....... - ....... ....... - -- - ....... .... '" '" ....
B: }] JL J-J 7 , 11L , -!- 0
- '" '" .... .... '" '" '" .
A : a}] ,%jJ Jl-.-1i- aj1 ;fP r&1 p ?
.... "'........... - - ....... .... '" - .... - ....... ....... '" '"
B : Jl-.- 0 ,%jJ 1tl k , *- Pf VA if ill<. , X *- Pf VA 3t'J -A{; 0
....... - .... .... '" .... '" '" .... '" .... -- - -- .... .
A : ;i t :t: #J 4h r&11i- f!J Jl-.- Jl-.- 4ft - 4ft -=- a ?
.... . ...................... - ........ "'................... - '" .... .... .
B : Jl-.- a 0 :l. di1 1tl -iJJ 4h , j£ ' Jl-.-.it -it -iJJ 4h 0
....... '" . . ........... -- . .... -. '"
A: -=f Ill!;? ;t $ X- i! 1f11JtJL 0
.... . ........ '" - .... '" . - . ....... '" . ........... '" .
B : }] :l. + " J-J" 0 k -=f FJb I J' -=f , t& J 0
'" - -- .... '" '" '" ........... - ....... - . ....... ....... . .... ....
b )/* ,J, L 1 ' ,k ;fEl .l.,!; J L b 1 ' 1 ,'b .l.h all }..l.
A: , /JtfJ J..J- /"'- /I:J , x... I '" "'11:1 ,...., J , t:J'.) I" n 0
'" - .... .... .... '" . .......................... - '" '" - '" - -- -
B : a}] *- -!- -iJJ 4h r&1 p , )IJYi j Pf VA JU 'f f!J f!J 00 1
){YL ){YL 0
.... - ....... .
A: *, iJG I1Jf 1 a 0
,
.,
,
'--
.. II
" " .
-.
180
8J3 (lg
30ing to the zoo tomorrow
t New Words
"k
TNk
-it
-t 11
,
J
*JL
· 1t
JJi-t-i2E
.
.
t
.
w
I
,t!
J:1h
, ... /,
D 1%
ffit
4J) 1lG
I J -Ag.
Ii) Jt
-r-
( )
( fE U )
(1{)
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
keshul
to doze
do keshul
to doze off
Yllian
. .
In succession
ganma
why
zhaojf
to worry about"! to
feel anxious
jThu I
opportunity, chance
doi
to stay
mfngsheng gujl places of historic
interest and scenic
beauty
tioo
to choose
hufyTnbl
echo wall
" "
xlngqu
interest
gon xlngqu
to be interested in
" .
pel
to accompany
fengjTng
landscape. scenery
- 'V .
youmel
beautiful, exquisite
hua chuan
to row a boat
zhenqf
rare. precious
houzi
monkey
hou
monkey
18.1
J{y if»
Tourism
( ) dou to play with
. ;:1b ( ) bei to carryon one's back
. F}
D M! (%) v , amusing. funny
youqu
lO jjb ( ) . " panda
,, 111 xlongmao
)1191 j$. ( fE ll, % ) shunlu on the way
Proper Nouns
..
Wi *D 1m
BjJ 5
Yihe Yuan
KOnming Hu
the Summer Palace
Kunming Lake
Notes
1 D 1ff!,
. .
" .:::c. Qil " IJ '.E. rh ' :rx.. EB f:= ".:::c. ' + " -i¥' 3fL '6 ':;-) 1'25" r:I=l -;::;f7
I =:J 11=1 'I" fB Jt, , I ' I I - '1+, fT] 7J'. "):8J 1 0 J IJF. .9)(,
E3 o
The word" T- D:Q," , often used in spoken language, is the same as "T-
it ". It is used to inquire the causes or purposes of an action.
(1) 1 fIJ;J * *atfal y, -t111; Jf-, ,)L JJt)L?
( 2 ) 1 .$. 111;? -t 111; * ro 1t .$. ?
( 3 ) 11 -t 111;? fJ il. 1% 1 -!-1ft -!y 111; ?
5t , 113] I'D] xj\! it! II B1 R ftg ffl "jJ it ", =1' ftg ffl "T- Q "
"T-1t " 0
82
ID3 rm
Going to the zoo tomorrow
Note, when inquiring about the truth of objective things, only ";k] it
" can be used.
( 4 ) ;J :t: '\ Y" 4t jJlJ k., 1 p it 7!J 1t t1 ?
(5) lf- 7!J1t {tt ?
11 qr fX B 1'i't*
m i & " " "iF" "A" 1=Mt ffl m , * /F "E81' 1* fl PX
1*", " 7C19tl9 " } to
The reduplicated form of nominal measure words or words like"::k."
" iF " "A" used as measure words indicates the whole is composed of
every single part, with the meaning of without exception.
( 1) 1 If-lf- ;J :t:, lf- ;k t:ijt % 0
(2) -t k)LAA $){ko
(3) * ++ JE*o
Il flBJL W 7J<
" · · · · · · · · · · · ." ffl T 9"U * , OJ ! 5 fi 11= ffl 0
"ff ... ... ... ..." is used to I ist things for emphasis.
( 1) 1f1 #1 A, * A , 1:1 *- A , 1f1 J:. 'f
*o
(2) £ $}] , y JJ *, ', A1£t % 0
Ii tm lm ft OO 1' -:- .
" *l-r _ *l-r -" ::rr.. EB E3 q 'h .HI: * ra1 M -/'7 n{1 0
M M - , I ' }:E 1=1 /A 1-11-1I. f:J IJ J:1 'J, ){T J:1 'J
The phrase " - =" means that something is regarded as one of
the very best.
183
fYKff
Tourism
( 1) J}\. *t fJ{; 1£t :kf, 1£ 11'1 Jj1 Jt -it - -it -=-- fJ{; 0
(2) * "if. i Jt 'f - -it-=-- fJ{; :kf"if. i 0
(3) ;it:t: -it - -it-=- fJ{;:kf ti 1£ + LR 0
5 WE UffifRffiJ
-
Q , . . .m M *oli ,
OJ i£ "QJT ft ", OJ i£ "QJT X X " 0
Often used in spoken language, this shows one's agreement on the
other party's opinion. "QJTft B " can be used to ask the other party to ac-
cept one's own opinion. " JT X / 8 " can also be used.
(1) A: 1 Jt-it*--¥-J:.j ++/J' at, - ;AJ1E (jian fei to
lose weight) 0 A a}] *- if f;, 11'1 -¥- J:. - j !Y p !
B: :kf p , ;yJG PJf 1 fJ{; 0
A : PJf fJ{; i. 4% JL (/f: 4% ) 0
(2) ik R1t , (A f, t1 1f1;yJG PJf IJ, R fJ{; p 0
Exercises
@] fc] o
Answer the following questions.
( 1) it 1 - T JL &j1 p 0
( 2 ) ;it:t: #J 4h , {f ?
( 3 ) A 7!J 1t (A - *- -!-:kf JL + J ? 1 7!J 1t (A -!- *- Ji- ?
184
in19IJ To
ID3 * rm
30ing to the zoo tomorrow
Rewrite the following sentences after the examples.
m: A -I* , . M .7o
1fu-:ii 7 T A , / ,. Btf8] 7 0
. .
( 1) JU] T * JL + A., ;f;JT PJf fU 1 J JJ1: 0
( 2 ) *- J:. 4=- 1 ;Jr T -=- iX. , ;f i flJ 1 0
( 3 ) 1 11'1 7t- JJI] vY.. 16, * JL If- i. 1£ T 0
19t1: 9 1ID , )L I
9 1ID QJt, )L I
. .
( 4) -M JL :&t !£. EJ L 4h 1£t 0
( 5 ) # if- -!- R 1t 1£t # JJIt 0
(6) )L 1 -!- J j£1£ti&o
19t1: t* #JlZ9l£ £ o
t* #JlZ9l£ £ft-ft= o
. . . .
(7) ti , 1 5f4lX] kf ift* 0
(8) 1 >J A * JjlYft ift* 0
(9) # ro 1t if- m1 1£t;tr 0
mf :fEi i! PX To
Complete the following sentences using the words in the brackets.
( 1) ;i :Y: Ai -t-
(2) 7!J T 4ft;J:* 1*,
( 3 ) -!- r- 'J'1 Pf vY..
( 4 ) + g J't- ' ,
(5)
o ( QJt )
o ( )
o (JlIDi m )
o (1 )
, *-;f ttl .k. Fa 0 (- I )
185
1& r1
Tourism
mf :fEi i!m T :X'f 0
Make dialogues with the given words
( 1 ) *JL )}i-t-iQt ij\ ;fa lEt
(2) -it - -it -==- .:5!-1lC " 7R
, , /, , L
(3) #J 4h r&J Pf
&tmf :fE pg 3m T :X'f 0
Make dialogues based on the following statements and question
(1) p JJ}] - ;t JL 5-R -J- J « J:t 0
( 2 ) p JJ}] - i W .!- t i jt fJ{; J -}f 0
( 3 ) 1t 1* ift.!- t a #J 4h r&J 0
( 4 ) i 1* ift.!-){t fJ{; - # #J 4h 0
( 5 ) 1* ift ij\ a at 11t It. 1 ?
· '1*3 i i!fJi o
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words from the list given below
....
q-='=- fJl - = lilY! lEa JaX:
'f I ' /,
1 ilJM LlJ 71< -:Ii *xj[ fT i \ h
is Jtt * "* Ab 1-++
fl EE
Pf ( 1 ) JL *- J& 1 1£t Jf-, Pf L i*- at ,
1 i£ t.i 1t (2) 0 11'1 1£t ,t , p it (3)
7!J 1t 0 , itt1f-;it * (4) a at
fa] T" 1 't -k(5) i!.*(6)
186
]J3 rm
Going to the zoo tomorrow
a-!; (7) , pJf v:A, .. -f£ -Jt ;J "$ v:A 1t (8)
JL + J 0 , 1 (9) :iji;f=f €J-!; J
-k, JYL 1 t pJf ;f=f a-!; J 1ft ( 10 ) 0 4t jJl]
.It ( 11 ) a-!; ( 12) -J- 1: 1Jt. ( 13)
o at 1 -k j (14) a-!; ;Jt "$ i}; 4h
, -f£}J x. ;t ftl j it #J 4h, 1: ( 15 ) a-!; .It, 11t
;t flJ j Pf a-!; ( 16) a-!; ( 17) 0 i j ,
Pf ( 18) j it (19) 0 -f£-k
#J4h at, 1 j£(20) YL j tf m 1't 0
..t OO H X PXx'fi! 0
Turn the passage above into a dialogue.
1-7
rg - +iI
It Ii iR t iIiili
I like Guilin best
l t Text
'" . ...... '" ...... v...... - .
A: - + J:1 , 1 H& J 7 0
v ...... '" - v",. '" - ...... v - '" .
B: -k m 7i 1T 7 , at 1t Bit Mtl w * 0
'" - v"'", '" '" ...... . .
A: m 7i j£ ,AA * -k ii 0
...... v - - ...... ...... . '" - v - ...... . - - v ...... - v - v
B : }] 1 ffL i -k 0 m 7i 1ft J 7i J-J 7]<. ff , ffil 1JG 0
v '" - '" v v....... -...... . ...... . _ ...... . . .
A: 1 * 'f' m1 * JL ik 7 , i -k a J 7i -k ii 7 p ?
'" . -...... '" . ...... . - - - v ...... .
B : 7 TffJ , )JIJ J 7i JL -t jg 1& 7 0
v ...... v. v
A: 1 J1i $ ){X l1JJ JL ?
...... '" - '" ...... v ...... v ...... '" - v v -...... . - .
B : {1;f 0 'f' m1 ro 72 -jJG;tr "{1;f J-J 7]<. 'f r" a iJL *" 0
...... ...... ...... ...... '" - . ...... ...... .
A : i!. {1 ;f ;fa a I « J:t 11 ?
v ...... - ...... . ............ '" - - v - . "'...... v v.
B: 1 .n. k t 7 0 i!. i .J: , .J: 7]<. 1 Ji JL , 7]<. £
. '" '" v....... - - v v
J..-& , , jN- , , ;f;f; ;f;f;
1:I'J "#J - 'f\, '1=1 '1=1 0
...... - - v v "'...... '" ............ - - - ...... ...... - v v
A: i!. J-J 1ft 4;f 0 N1!" , i!.1t J-J * 1 - ;; ;£ 0
188
)
: II r Gullin bpst
, . v, , , _ _ , . , , . , , . ,
B: Jt p)tJ , 1 i!. R, w L a JJ Jk: * iJG 1 - + if-
" - - . - .
1£ fit;J-k i; -JtR 0
,-" v , . , v, v - -
A : \1k, i!. R I « Jt ;{f I , Jt i'fi. il1l£ 1 ilL ?
v. v , -
B : I , 1 fA ttl * ?
, v , v , , . - , , _ _ . .
A: jJ: 1-f iro 0 p! , i!. Jt W JG !£ P ?
- - , . v, , " .
B: 11t at *1L 7 , il1l£ JJ JL iJG 7 0
- , . v - -
A: 11t 1-iPf J!- !
, , . . -, v v, - ,
B: n«;fro a at 1 , 11t - , , JL p it 0
V' . v . - . " . v "V .
A : 1 11'1 I 1-i i!. '? , P ?
, ,,- v , , " , . __
B : JJ J L 1 1ii B£ , J 1£ iJG 1 i!. J L a $. 0
, v . , , , . _ v v v , v . _
A : JJ 1 11'1 *. :.t 7 , If- 1 Pf VA it + $. 7 0
v, v - . - - v , v , .
B: Pf , t "* a $. 6tt * 7 0
J
189
DrY JJi'i
Tourism
, New 'Nards
a ( ) shai to be tanned
1t Bit ( ) bangwon at dusk
J-J * 7K shan qTng picturesque scenery
shuT xiu green hills and clear
waters
JL-t ( tl ) jThO almost, nearly
ro (1l') " from
ZI
. -t-(1 ) gu(dai) ancient ( times)
'f*-r jio tianxia best in the world
kfr " in the end. finally
. Jt- ( iia lJ ) suan
.
at last
. t ( ) qlng clear
)L ( ) dTr bottom
J *44= ( ) qlte queer, peculiar
( iia lJ ) duo very much
;t-lt ( ) loohu tiger
-!k ( ) shltou stone
{} tk- ( ) shOzhuang to dress and make up
p ( QjlJ " an interjection
. YI
i!J ( ) tang to lie
D iiL ( ) shenbian at one's side
iA.. ( ) " to recognize
ren
I at ( ) dangshl at that moment
( ) zhao to fall asleep
190
fi ti
like Guilln best
B£ (*) - v
wennuan warm
-t (*) , , lucky
xlngyun
D ;t ( ta U ) yankan soon.. in a moment
!:Z Proper Nouns
Iffia Xizang Tibet
fl * Gullfn Gu i Ii n (name of a city)
51iI 5I Lf Jiang Li River
" Notes
1 j¥j15fX h\*5 iiU
. .
" A * " * /F A :11 =£ IJ !j\! 1£ tB £ Q 1I:t, ffl -T 10] 0 ffl i
"59:" B'.t, 1£ :P- i 9X i g * ":11" 0
The word "}..A * ", often used in negative sentences, indicates that
something has remained the same from the past till now. ":11" is often
placed after monosyllabic verbs or adjectives when the negative word
" ....11-" . d
) IS use .
(1) A )-tJLiiJ!.JL+A.o
(2) J!.+j j;- :k A )-tit-ii, * P o
(3) A $)(ki ,' 0
Q ffl-T Io], " A*" 1 tfp 9J£ i fl ig, i fl ig9X
IJ\1o] 0
191
OR Jf(f
Tourism
In affirmative sentences, "J..A =*" is used to modify verbal phrases,
adjective phrases or clauses.
(4) 1 A Jt iJt ,t-7R i* 0
( 5 ) 1 t -=r..1t A llG 1ft iA 0
1£ " A =* + 59: + M .w i " - a rp, Q M .w i 1M" ¥} )]Q.-t "
//" "' -i: " ::rr.. 83 1= liS" =* ' .-=, .b. R r;:;
1C. '1+ , J I ' -:J J/F. ..:f:.. 'fJ=l JX- 0
If " " or " 1¥" is placed before the adjective in the pattern of
" A=* )9: -t- adj. ", the meaning of the sentence will be entirely opposite.
( 6 ) A )-t 7f it 0 ( :} " 7f" )
( 7 ) ilt, :k A -t {-f:kf it 0 (:} ":k :kf" )
11. i1.R ]"
"." 1£ £ ". i " " i " I " g W OJ )]Q "£" 0 " .
(£)" ffl1£ i 1M"* /F -f4J $i iff o
The word "$" here means to be reckoned or to be considered as.
After " ", " £" can be added. " (£)" is used before verbs to show
emphasis.
(1) +--ff VA -wJ :kf, tEl Jf-Jt t 1 0
( 2 ) 1 Jf- 1-i- Jt at 1 , if- * ;f 1 0
( 3 ) 1 Jf- i}L t 1, Jt 1 T it - +- , 1 -1f. 0
Ll t Ht5J O *]"
" " £ Ea tJ i , £ " Q, .-t" I " OJ ffl 1£ iff 1M" , tI1 OJ ffl
1£ iffg 0
The adverb " " means "at once". It can be placed either before
or after the subject.
192
fJfi *
I like Guilin best
( 1) ij ilL r 7, t1 1"1 ,tfc U!] * 11 0
(2) ij ilL jJJ 7, , , JLit a * 11 0
( 3 ) J!.){ J L 1Ji 7, ij ilL ft 7 0
t Exercises
1 @] fC] o
Answer these questions.
(1) B 7!J1t B ) 7?
(2) B j3L1 J1i$){k1JJJ JL? 7!J1t ?
(3) J-J ro;t!t I « J:t ,t- I « ?
( 4 ) J-J ro ;t!t 1 1"1 7!J 1t 1-f fJ '?
2 m 1'9IJiRJi! - H Xo
Write a passage with each group of the words given.
( 1 ) {1 m J-J J ffit 17L t - t-==-
(2) ffit J-J J J t YL ....k
i _
(3 ) jij J.. iiL .
3 ini9IJ To
Rewrite the following sentences after the examples.
19t1: 7iffiii, 1]IJ !fuJJft /F t i17 0
7 rffiii, 1]IJ !fuJJftJL3ft i17 0
. .
( 1) JL 4- ).t YL, 1:F 1 k. *- 7, ,tfc fA.. ttl1:F 7 0
193
OR.
Tourism
(2 ) pfr h { 1, ) JL 1 a !t iiE 0
(3) a 1 Jt) 1(: 1 0
19t1: xJff#- ftij ftJL3ft $ i17, tI159: ilJ 1 *rffi 0
xJff#- ftij ftJL3ft $ 7, tI159: iIJ1 *rffio
.
( 4) 4- it j { it 1, ) { jlJ a 4 0
( 5 ) J!. JL JJi -t- iQt, Pf /f: 4- it 1 0
( 6 ) J!. J L ffit t1 ' J' t1t, 1 t1t it 1 0
m: . H.7, . *?
. 8 H.7, PJJ *?
( 7 ) J:. ylL r i*- 1, 1 1 - J L -J13- :it 11 0
( 8 ) :k ,tft jlJ 1, 1[1 5l Pf v 4- it 'W 1 0
(9) ,tft -Jt 1, 1 ;t 5l 4- R1-T 1 ?
19t1: B111 1fu flk 7, Jfijft )L *i Dt 7 0
1fu B1 flk7, Jfijft )L 8;t Dt 7 0
. .
( 1 0 ) 2006 If- JL it 1 , fJ at j£ t1 1 ylL 11 ro {t 0
( 11) -=- If- v -wJ 1[1 Mtl iA i , 1J at 1 j£ Jt !t 0
(12) 1 fJ jt1t t.jIJ 1, 7!J :kf, ) J:. 1 @11t 0
4 '1*3 i i!fJi o
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words from the list given below.
r
........
1 at iA A*
(1) -ft:k
I& 'A{f. iiL1fi-!Y, 1J at 1ttko
194
fi ti *
I like Guilin best
( 2 ) J!. £ VA *- ilL 1t R i -kf j 0
(3) 1 t1, k:k1tJ!.JLJfi-kf l1, ; o
(4) J!. -HJf -ta , i.t1tiio
(5) JP] 1 J!.£ pJf a A., i1i 1-tt-!-"JJ JL 1 0
(6) J!. R kn1i 1, 7i ttl *- Aw 1 0
( 7 ) 1 1 k k 1, 7i ,t:k: ttl *- 1 0
II m 2 i!1t B-l')Ltt**, ji!I)I o
Describe what Guilin and Li River look like in your own words.
(I i i T o
Tell about the benefits of travelling.
195 .
OEa
i QJ )[
ulary
A (zJJ) bian 10
(zJJ) . 4 3t 1-t (zJJ) bianhua 16
01
(zJJ) " . 12 -iF (zJJ) biaoshl 12
01
A ( ) " . 2 hh ( ) bTnguan 16
olren -* J,.g
(zJJ) onzhuong 13 ;J . ( ) bTngdioo 17
-=jt;
;J rt JL ( ) bTnggunr 7
#J (zJJ, ) bing 5
1i)t :k ( ) baihuo dalou 7 4&- (zJJ) b6 16
J}l -$- ( ) bonche 2 1Jf T bu deliao 6
-f;k ( ) bantion ;f- kJ:" (J! ) buguan 17
6 ,
-f1t ( ) banye 3 ii (J! ) buguo 2
t. ( ) bang 4 ( ) bu 9
1t B}t ( ) bangwan 20 ( ) bufen 18
(zJJ) baa 16 f1 ( ) bumen 14
b (zJJ) bei 19
FJ
i* bei ke 2 C
j ( ) bendl 6 -t (zJJ) COI 7
kk" (M) ben 4 j;t1 - ..-
-+ (zJJ) conJlo 8
ft4t (zJJ) bTjiao 10 ft jJlJ ( ) chobie 16
ft :kt1 (zJJ) bTru 1 1 i6] (zJJ) chaxun 13
ft ( ,zJJ) bTsai '1 ft ( , M IJ ) chabudu6 7
196
Jh ( m ) chang 17 *-{ ( m lJ ) dagai 3
"jl (zJJ) chao 15 *- ( ) daxue 1
A (zJJ) cheng 10 *- ( ) dayT 17
JAJ ( ) chengqiong 18 t (zJJ) dai 19
JA rj1 ( ) chengshl 7 (zJJ) dai 15
jt chong dian 13 if- ( ) danwei 13
jt1Ji chong zhf 13 " (zJJ) dang 1
"3
ili (%) chOse 9 tk ( m lJ ) dangron 5
, ...
ttl F.1t chO yuan 5 at ( ) dangshf 20
1" ... · .. YA 7r chule...... yTwai 6 " ( ) daoyan 9
, ,
, ""
J.f. (zJJ) chulT 14 ilJ ( mlJ ) daochu 16
# ' ( ) chuontong 2 ilJ ;J. ( m lJ ) daodT 18
JJt
,ti= (%) 18 1!1 ( m lJ ) daD 1
congmang
Jf,& aj] (%) - . 3 1-1- (%) dedang 14
congmlng
,AA ( m il) congloi 1 1-1- ( fig zJJ ) dei 3
4{f (%) , 13 .k. deng 5
cuo (zJJ)
1 (%) dT 17
D A ( ) dT 2
J::. ' (zJJ) daying 8 ;J.JL ( ) dTr 20
ffi-
-iT (zJJ) do 4 J-t if ( ) dlfang 16
-iT ni. do keshul 19 1t ( ) dianxln 13
-iT iIr do lei 15 i* (zJJ) dong 17
-iT JAJ do shan 15 (zJJ) dou 19
-iT Jf- (zJJ, ) dasuan 7 !k 44= (%) dute 9
-iT 11fj- (zJJ) dating 1 1 ' ( ) duyTn 12
J:J
-iT 4t do zhen 5 lf- du che 6
*- do bufen 1') Jf.. ( ) du 14
197
it. ( ) du ffit % ( ) fengge
6 1: ( ) duanxin ffit ( ) fengjTng
a
4ft 1* (zJJ) duanlian ffit ( ) fengwei
xt (zJJ) duibuqT t ( ) fengye
ti1 ( ) du Ifang 11 113 *" ( ) funu
t 1- ( ) dUlhua
t ", dUI." ."Ioi shuo r
x' ...... .' "'J,
i ( ftg ) gal
( fE lJ ) duo ?t. i! (zJJ) v ..,
gaiJin
( ) duo ;it ( ) v
gan
;it ,tJc ( fE U ) gankuai
A 1=:1 ( ,zJJ) v , J:
I " g) ganmao
tfjjll (J! ) " . v A ft! gan xingqu
erqle 1
I '" /,
-t (1{ ) , " 1 1
ganma
tl ( fE lJ ) gang 7
( ) fa 1 tl ;f ( ) - " . 1 1
gangcol
J (zJJ) faxian 1 4JXJ 2f- ( ) "
gangqln
J&.. (zJJ) fazhan II *j ( ) gaojialu
* t ( ) falu 1tj ( ) gaosulu t'
7:1 11!. (%) fongbian 7 t ( :g ) gaozhong
i1* ( ) fangfa f ( :g ) gebi
7:11; ( ) fangyon (1{ ) ,
ge
t 1Fi fang jia Et ( ) gen "7
:4f ( fE lJ ) fei H tt (fr ) gen
:4f...... Pf fei......buke tt* ( ) gentou 4
7t- JL ( ) fen jT -=r-1t -$IJ ( ) gongzuQzhi
f-;t (%) fengfu / ( ) - -
gongs I
19:
m (zJJ) , % 1-f; ( %) h6ngwei 1
gongyong
( mlJ ) , * ( ) h6u 19
gou
-kt -jit ( ) gunlong *-r ( ) h6uzi 1 (
-b- ( 1 ) guCdai) L J ( %) hou 1
'J 1m.. gUG feng r w 9K ( ; IJ ) hOran 1
, ... I'"
i: (zJJ) gua 1 J ,'tJJ ( ) hu 12
,t 1-1- ( ; IJ ) guaibude XllkJ#] ( ) hulianwong 1.
**' ( ) guonxi 10 4l- (zJJ) hUG
1tJ
YL Jk ( ) guanzhong 8 4l- - ( ) hUGnioohua 1
1tJ @J
I:"J: (zJJ) guon 111 "f- ( F) hUG 1 £:
* ( ) guTdlng 11 3t' J -A{i- hua chuan 1<)
itJi. (%) guodu 14 it IJj(. hua bing 4
it 1 1 r {ff ( ) , ..- . 6 (zJJ) hua 1 (J
guoJleqloo
it* (%) guot6u 18 )L ( ) huar '0
J l?$- ( ) huanlu
@J (zJJ) huf r
1 -1- ( ) haizi @J% ( ) hufyTnbi 1
, ( ) hoi 12 fA ( :g ) huihua 1u
,ilj: ....."]:;
1r{ ( :g ) hanjia 2 j( f ( ) huolu 1fJ
x.. ( ) hoohan "B ( ) huo 7
9,
(%) hoojiu r-
)
$; (%) hoor6ngyi 1 1 I
J1)f ( ) hooting 3 IP -F- IP ko 11
1t ( ; IJ ) hooxiang b
i1f ( :g ) he lL J
it (%) heshi 1 JL-t ( ; IJ ) jThO 20
,ttt 1:;;- (zJJ) henbude 1 JL ( ) j Th u I 1
99
( ) . " 12 !tA b.. ( ) .- " 1
, J I "..;..]:. .., J Ingyon
;J1} ( , ) .v 6 , t,i ( ) " 7
J I Jlngql
iG 1i. F bu zhu 12 ( ) . " 14
JU
iG1 ( ) jlde 1 .'-g ( ) j uede 7
YL 1-if
iG ( ) jlzhe 1
it ( ) . " . . " 16 K
J I J Ie
flk · · · · .. · · · ... . " " 8 ( ) koi lb
J I... ... you... ... 7t
fl£ ( ) . " " 3 ( ) koishT rs
JIXU 7t 1i{;
( ) .. - .- 17 7tNR koi yon 17
Jloxlong
'f1 r jio tionxia 20 ( ) kanlai 4
1rL $}] ( ) .." - 2 {-f -r- kan yangzi 6
JIOql
11 kfr ( ) j ionguon 14 -4- ( ) kao 17
JDl. ;fF-
i if- ( ) jiandon 1C * ( ) ke 12
i 1t ( ) j i anhua 12 Nt ( ) keshul 19
i 1t ( ) j ionhuazl 12 tfr/:: ( ) k6ngql 5
.::L --c
( ) . . " f K. ( ) kO 17
Jlon
.I. ( ) Jiang 12 m 11 ( ,%) kunnon 3
.I. jfL ( :g ) jiongbion 1 1
x.iffi. ( :g ) jioot6ng 6 L
:;( IR ( ) .. - - 2 1l ( ) laibujf 18
Jlooqu
;.ft ( ) JIOO 4 1-1- 1l ( ) laidejf 18
J1 ( ) . . , 5 ;t- ( ) 100 5
JIOO
itEJ ( ) . ., , 2 ;t-bt ( :g ) loohu ?O
J lerl
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. for short-term training of spoken Chinese
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. mastering about 1000 new words and 60 new grammatical structures after
learning the two books
JXim _iRJt 1ir iI -;- * Hi lfJi*i !iJi
www.blcup.com
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ISBN 978-7-5619-2065-7
9 787561 920657 >
1ft: 42.00 7C