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rllABA 2 r I1ABA 3 PaCyeTHble napaMeTpbl HapY>KHOrO B03Ayxa. napaM€Tpbl A lt1 6 MV1KpOKJlIt1MaT nOMeL.4eHIt1L11. .LJ.onycTIt1Mble It1 OnTIttMaJlbHble napaMeTpbl TIepHO,lJ,hI rO,lJ,a. ITapaMeTpbI HapY)KHOrO B03AYxa ,n;mI )fUlJIbIX, o6:rn;eCTBeHHbIX, a,n;- MllHllCTpaniBHo-6bITOBbIX II npOll3Bo.n;CTBeHHbIX rrOMe:rn;eHllH rrpllHllMIOT rro KJIllMa- T:WIeCKllM .n;aHHbIM [26]. TIpll paCT..JeTe BeHTllJI5IIUIll paCCMaTpHBaIOT TPII paeT..JeTHbIX rrepIIo.n;a ro.n;a: TerrJIblH, rrepeXO)I,HbI.ll II XOJIO)I,HbI.ll. TerrJIbIH rrepno,n; xapaKTepll3YIOT 3HaT..JeHII£ Cpe,lI,HeeYTOT..JHOH TeMrrepaTypbI HapY)KHOrO B03AYxa 60JIee +10° C, rrepe- XO,n;HbI.ll - OKOJIO + 1 0° C, XOJIO.n;HbIH MeHee + 1 0° C. TIapaMeTpbJ HapY)KHOrO B03AYxa B rrepeXO,lI,HbIll rrepllo,n; rrpllHHMalOT O,lI,llHa- KOBbIMll .n;JI5I BCe.ll TeppllTopllH cTpaHbI: TeMrrepaTypa B03,LI"yxa +10° C, 3HTaJIb- rrlI5I 26,5 K,lI,)K/Kr [30]. 3HaT..JeHll51 6apOMeTpllT..JeCKOrO ,n;aBJIeHll5l, TeMrrepaTypbI, 3HTaJIbrrllll B03AYxa II paCT..JeTHO.ll CKOpOCTll BeTpa rrpllHllMalOT IIO [26], 3HaT..JeHH5I OCTaJIbHbIX rrapaMeTpOB orrpe,n;eJI5IIOT rro i-d-,n;llarpaMMe. PaCT..JeTHbI€ rrapaMeTpbI HapY)KHOrO B03,n,yxa ,lI,JI.H OT.n;eJIbHbIX perllOHOB orrpe,lJ,eJIeHbI B HopMaTllBHOM ,n;OKY- MeHTe [30]. B 3aBliCHMOCTH OT Ha3HaT..JeHll51 rrpoeKTllpyeMO.ll CllCTeMbI napaMeTpbI TerrJIOro II XOJIo,n;Horo rrepHo.n;OB rOjJ;a pa3,n:eJIeHbI Ha rpyrrrrbI A H B: - IIapaMeTpbI A npHMeH.HIOTC.H .n;JI.H paCT..JeTa CHCTeM BeHTllJI.HlI,Hll H B03AYIIIHoro AYIlIHpOBaHll.H B TelIJIbIH nepllO,n; rOLI;a; - IIapaMeTpbI B )I,aHbI )I,JI.H CIiCTeM paCT..JeTa OTOIIJIeHll.H, BeHTllJI5IlI,HH, B03AYillHoro AYIIIHpOBaHH5I II KOH)J,HlJ,I10HHpOBaHll.H B XOJIO,n;HbI.ll rrepHO,n; ro,n;a II cnCTeM KOH,lJ,HlI,llO- HHpOBaHll51 B TenJIbIH rrepllO)I, rO,lJ,a. HanplIMep, )J;JI5I yeJIOBHH MocKBbI peKOMeH)J,OBaHbI CJIeAYIO:rn;lle paCT..JeTHbIe IIapa- MeTpbI HapY)KHOrO B03AYxa [26]: B, XOJIO,1J;HbIll rrepHO)J;: t 92 = -28° C; 'PH = 84%; CKOpOCTb BeTpa 4,7 M/C. A, TeIIJIbIH rrepMO)I,: t 95 = 22,6° C; TenJIOco)J;ep)fffiHlle iA = 50,5 K,I:()K/Kr; paCT..JeTHa5I CKopoeTb BeT- pa 1 M/C. B, TerrJIbIH rrepno,n;: t 99 = 26,3° C; TerrJIOco,n;ep)fffiHlIe i B 54,7 K,lI)K/Kr; paCT..JeTHa.H CKOpOCTb BeT- pa 1 M/C. MHKpoKJ HMaT rrOMeIlJ,eHllH xapaKTepll3YlOT TPH OCHOBHbIX rrapaMeTpa: - TeMrrepaTypa BHYTpeHHero B03AYxa: tint, t H (OC); - OTHOCHTeJIbHa.H BJIa)KHOCTb: 'Pint, 'PH' (%); - IIO,n;BH)KHOCTb (CKOpOCTb): V nt, VB' (M/C). ,lI,pyrne rrapaMeTpbI orrpe)J;eJI5IIOT IIO i-d- )J,HarpaMMe BJIa)KHOrO B03AYxa. 3HaqeHH5J OCHOBHblX IIOKa3aTeJIeH HOPMllPYIOT rOCTbI [10], [11] 11 KOHKpeTll311- PYIOT, B 3aBHCllMOCTH OT Bll,lI,OB 3,lI,aHHH, COOTBeTCTBYIOIUIIe CHHTIbI, CTpOMTeJIbHbIe HOpMbI H rrpe)J,IIleCTBYIO:rn;HH OIIbIT (rrpllJIO)KeHH5I 1, 2, 3). ITapaMeTpbI MHKpOKJIllMaTa, YKa3aHHbIe B rrpHJIO)KeHll.HX, OTHOC5JTC5I K pa60QeH 30He rrOMeIll,eHll.ll. Pa60'lfeH 30HOH Ha3bIBaJOT npOCTpaHCTBO BbICOTO.ll 2 M (1,5 M, eCJIH 'IIO,n;H eH,IJ:51T) Ha.n, ypOBHeM IIOJIa HJIH pa60'lfeH IIJIo:rn;a,n;KH, Ha KOTOpbIX Haxo,n;5ITCR MeeTa rrOCTO.HHHOro lIJIH BpeMeHHoro rrpe6bIBaHH.H J IO,n;eH. B COOTBeTCTBHH C HopMaMH rHrHeHbI rrapaMeTpbI BHYTpeHHero MHKpOKJIIIMaTa pa3,lI,eJI.HIOT Ha ,n;orrYCTHMbIe H orrTHMam:.HbIe. ,D,orrYCTHMbIe rrapaMeTpbI (06R3aTeJIbHbIe) - 3TO eOT..JeTaHlie rrOKa3aTeJIe.ll MHKpO- KJUIMaTa, KOTopbIe rrpM ,lI,JIHTeJIbHOM H CHCTeMaTH'lfeCKOM B03,l.1,eHCTBHH Ha qeJIOBeKa MorYT BbI3bIBaTb rrpeXO)J;5IIlJ,He II 6bICTpO HOpMaJIll3YIOIlJ,lleC.H H3MeHeHll.H TerrJIOBOro COCT05lHH.SI opraHH3Ma, COrrpOBO)K,lI,aIOIUHeC5I Harrp.H)KeHHeM MexaHll3MOB TepMopery- JI5JlI,Hll, He BbIXO,l..l;.SI:rn;HM 3a rrpe,n;eJIbI <pH3HOJIOrHqeCKHX rrpHcrroco6HTeJIbHbIX B03MO)K- HOCTeH. IIpH 3TOM He B03HHKaeT lIOBpe>K,1I,eHH.ll HJIH HapYIIIeHHH COeTO.HHIl5J 3,n;OpOBb5J, HO MorYT Ha6mo,lI,aTbC5I LI;HCKOM<popTHbIe TeIIJIOOIIJ,yIl eHII5J, YXy,n;rueHHe CaMOqYBCTBHR H rrOHH)KeHIfe pa60TOCIIoco6HoeTH. OrrTHMaJIbHbIe rrapaMeTpbI (peKOMeHAYeMbIe) - 3TO COqeTaHHe rrOKa3aTeJIeii MHK- pOKJIHMaTa, KOTopble rrpH .n;JIHTeJIbHOM B03)I,eHeTBHll Ha qeJ OBeKa 06eCrreT..JllBalOT eo- xpaHeHHe HOpMaJIbHOrO TerrJIOBOrO COCTO.HHH5J opraHH3Ma 6e3 Harrp.H)KeHH.H MexaHH3- MOB TepMoperYJI51L{HH. C06mO,lI,eHHe OrrTHMaJIbHbIX rrapaMeTpOB 06eCrre'lfHBaeT OIIJ,y- :rn;eHHe TerrJIOBoro KOM<popTa H C03)I,aeT rrpe.n;rrOCbIJIKH ,n;JI5J BbICOKoro YPOBH5I pa60TO- crroco6HOCTH. TIapaMeTpbI B03AYxa B rrpe,n;e.rrax OIITHMaJIbHbIX HOpM YCTaHaBJIllBaJOT TaK)Ke B CJIyqaRX 06eCrreqeHH.H Tpe6yeMoro TeXHOJ orMqeCKOrO rrpOll,ecca, B.'IH.HIOIUero Ha KaT..JeCTBO 113rOTaBJTl1BaeMOH rrpOJIyKUHH. KaK rrpaBHJIO, rrOMep)KaHlIe .n;orrYCTMMbIX napaMeTpOB 06eClIeT..JIIBaJOT CIICTeMbI BeHTllJIRL{HH, OrrTHMaJIbHbIX - CHCTeMbI KOH)J;HL{HOHllpOBaHH.H B03AYxa. MeTeOYCJIOBIl5J B 06eJIY)KHBael\.lOll 30He rrOMeIIJ;eHHH )KHJIbIX 3.n;aHHH H 06Il1,e)KHTHH .n;aHbI B npHJIO)KeHHH 1, o6IuecTBeHHblx 3.n;aHHH - B rrpMJIO)KeHHII 2. r: '''60 ./. .\IUKpOK HI." nm "0.,, 'U\' H U iJ. -10 n !Ie'" 'L" "". 0 onm ,"""'u,,, '" [ ""/xc" e '" p" )J,orrYCTHMbIe H OrrTHMaJIbHbIe rrapaM€TpbI MHKpOKJIHMaTa B rrpOH3BO,l],CTBeHHbIx rroMeIIJ,eHH.HX YKa3aHbI B rrpHJIO)K€HHH 3, B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT T.H)KeCTH pa6oT, p33rpaHH- '-I€HHhIX no KaTerOpH.HM B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT 3H€pr03aTpaT opraHll3Ma (rrpHJIO)KeHHe 4). OrrTHMaJIbHbIe rrOKa3aTeJIli rrpHMeH.HIOT KO Bcell pa60'-IeH 30He, a ,l],OrrYCTHMbIe rrOKa3a- TeJ H yeTaHaBJUmalOT HH)];HBll,Ll,yaJ1bHO ,l],JI.H IIOCTO.HHHbIX llJIH HerrOCTO.HHHbIX pa60'-IliX MeCT B 3aBHCliMOCTli OT T.H)KeCTIi pa60TbL B03MO)KHa '-IaCTllQHa.H llJIH rrOJIHa5I 3aM€Ha 3Ha'-IeHHH paC'-IeTHbIX rrapaMeTpOB, co- oTBeTcTBYIOIIJ;HX HopMHpyeMbIM ,lIOrrYCTHMbIM B€JIH'-IHHaM, Ha 3Ha'-IeHH.H OrrTHMaJIbHbIX BeJ H'-IHH npll 3KOHOMH'-IeCKOM 060cHoBaHHll TaKOH 3aMeHbI. MaKCHMaJIbHbIe BeJIll'-IHHbI CKOpOCTH ,LI,Bll)K€HH.H V x (M/C) II TeMrrepaTypbI (OC) rrpllTOQHOrO B03,nyxa B,l],OJIb OCll CTPYH rrpll BXO,l],e ee B pa60'-IYIO HJIll 06CJIY)KHBaeMYIO 30H)T rrOMeIIJ,eHll.H OrpaHlI"IeHbI ,l.I,OnyeTHMbIMll 3Ha'-IeHll5IMH [30] r I1ABA 4 T enJlOTeXH '-teCK&t1L11 paC'-feT HapY>KHbIX orpa>KAeH&t1L11 V x = kv B , (3.1) TenJIOTeXHH'-IeCKHH paC'-IeT He06xO,Ll,HM ,LI,JI5I C06JIIO,l.I,eHH.H Tpe60BaHHll no TenJIOBOll 3a:llJ,HTe 3,L1,aHH5I rrYTeM 06eCrre'f€Hll5I HopMHpyeMbIx 3Ha'-IeHHH corrpOTllBJIeHll.H TerrJIO- ne;;e)];a'-I€ Rreq ((M 2 .oC)/BT) orpa)K)];alOIIJ,llX KOHCTPYKIJ,llll (f27], Ta6,,'1. 4). OCHOBHbI€ HCXO,Ll,HbIe ,l],aHHbIe ,LI,JI5I paC'-IeTa - rpa,Ll,yeo-eYTKll OTOnHTeJIbHOro II€- pllO)];a B paHoHe cTpollTeJ beTBa,1l,d (OC . CYT). H )Ke ,lJ,aHa rrOeJIe,Ll,OBaTeJIbHOCTb TeIIJIOTeXHH'-IeCKOrO paC'-IeTa HapY)KHbIX orpa}K- ,l],eHllH 3)J,aHH.H crropTllBHoro KOMIIJIeKca. 1. KpaTKa5I xapaKTepHeTHKa 06'beKTa. KopT Me)K,lIyHapO,Ll,HOro KJIaeCa co BTOpbIM CBeTOM. 3,L1,aHHe KpbIToro TeHHHCHoro KO Ta 2-3Ta)KHOe, C TeXHll'-I€CKHM 3Ta)KOM II IIO,lJ,3eMHOH aBTOCTOBHKOH. 06'beM Hapym:- HOH '-IaCTll3)];aHll5I V = 16200 M 3 , IIJIOIlJ,a)J,b 3aCTpOllKll1400 1'.1 2 . MeCTO CTpOHTeJIbCTBa 06'beKTa - ropo,l], KopoJIeB rvlocKoBCKOH 06JIaCTH. 2. MeTeOpOJIOrll'-I€CKHe YCJIOBll5I MeCTHOCTH [26]. XOJIO,n;HhIH rrepno;::t; (XII): - TeMIIepaTypa HaH60J ee XOJIO,l],HOH rr.HTH,JJ;HeBKI1, 06eCrreQeHHOCTblO 0,92 text = -28° C; - OTHOCHTeJIbHa5I BJIa)KHOCTb (cpe,l],H5I5I MeC5I'-IHa5I) 'PH = 84%; -- cpe,lJ,HB5I TeMrrepaTypa OTOIIllTeJIbHOrO nepllO,l],a tht = -3,1 ° C; -- IIpO,1J,OJI)KHTeJ bHOCTb OTOrrHTeJIbHOro II€pHO)];a Zht = 214 CYTOK; - MaKCllMaJIbHa5I H3 cpe,l],HHX CKopocTell BeTpa rro PYM6aM 3a .HHBapb VB = 4,9 M/C. TerrJIhIH rrepno,n; (TII): I lIapaMeTpbI A ,n;.'1.H paC'feTa BeHTHJI5IIJ;HH: TeMrr€paTypa B03,Dyxa, o6eCrreQeHHOCTblO 0,95 text,A = 22,6° C; - y,n;eJIbHa.H 3HTaJIbIIHB i = 48,4+52,6 = 50 5 IT / . 2 , K,L-J,)K! Kr, -- CKOpOCTb BeTpa 'l!e = 1 M/C. llapaMeTpbI B ,lIJ1.H paCQeTa KOII,LI,HIJ;HoHHpOBaHH5I: - TeMrrepaTypa B03,nyxa 06eCIIeQeHHOCTbIO 0,99 text,B = 26,3° C; - Y,l],eJIbHa5I 3HTaJIblIll5I i = 52,6+56,8 = 5 4 7 IT / . 2 , Kf--l,)K, Kr, -- CKOpOCTb BeTpa VB = 1 M/C; - cpe,Ll,H5I5.I cYTO'-IHa5.I a],"fITJIllTY,l],a TeMrrepaTypbI B03,l],yxa At = 16,0° C. IIepexo,n;Hhle yeJIOBIUI ([30]) text,A = 10° C; i ext = 26,5 K)J,)K/Kr. rrpH BOCrrOJIHeHllH He,l],OCTaTKOB TerrJIOTbI t x = t B + f:J.t l , (3.2) IIPH aCCHMH.'15III.HH 1136bJTKOB TerrJIOTbI t x = t B - f:J. t 2, (3.3) r,n;e V x , t B - COOTBeTCTBeHHO HopMHpyeMbIe CKOpOCTb ,l],Bll)KeHH5I H TeMrrepaTypa B03- .n,yxa B 06CJIY2KHBaeMOll 30He llJIH Ha pa60QHX MeCTax, k - K03<P<PHIJ;HeHT, CBR3bIBa- IOll Hi1 HoprvmpY€MYIO CKOpOCTb ,n;BH)KeHll.H B03,l],yxa B rrOMeIIJ,eHHH H MaKCHMaJIbHYIO CKOpOCTb B cTpye [30], f:J.t}, f:J.t 2 - ,nprrycTllMbIe OTK.'10HeHll5I OT HopMHpyerviOH T€M- IIepaTypbI B03,rr,yxa B rrpHTOQHOll cTpye [30]. IIpH paC'-IeTe BeHTHJI5III.Hll B rrOMeIIleHHll C H36bI'I'KaMI1 TeIIJIOTbI B KaQeCTBe pae- QeTHOH TeMrrepaTypbI BHYTpeHHero B03,nyxa rrpllHHMalOT ee 3HaQeHI15.I B XOJIO)];HbIH 11 rr€peXO,l],HbIll rrepllOII,bL IIpH paCQ€Te KOH,n;llI HOHHpOBaHH5.I B XOJIO,1J,HbIll rrepHO,l], IJ;eJIeC006pa3Ho UPI1HH- MaTb YCJIOBH5I MaKCllMaJIbHOH HarpY3KH rro OIITlnvlaJ bHOll TeMrrepaType BHYTpeHHero B03,II,Yxa, a YCJIOBH5.I MMHllrvmv'IbHOH HarpY3KH - no OTHOCHTeJlbHOH B.'1a)KHOCTH r..pB = =30%. B TerrJIbIH rrepHO/l, rO,l],a KOH.IJ;HIJ;HOHHpOBaHHe paCC(.:IHThIBalOT rrpll YCJIOBHH rvmKcM- MaJIbHOH pa3HOCTM TeMrrepaTYP HaPY)KHOrO II BJI,vTpeHHero B03.rryxa He 60JIee 6° C-- ,n;JI5I npe,lJ,OTBpaIIJ;eHll5I rrpocTy,n;HbIX 3a60JIeBaHJ1i1. OTHOCHT€JIbHa5I BJ a2KHOCTb BHYT- peHHero B03.rryxa IIOMeIlJ,eHHH BO BJIa2KHOll II HOpMaJIbHOH KJIMMaTH'-IeCKHX 30Hax ,n;OJI2KHa 6bITb 6JIll3Ka K HaH60JIbIIIeMY OrrTHMaJIbHoMY 3Ha'-IeHlllO 'PB = 60% ,l],JI5I BJIa)KHOH H Hoprvm.'1bHOll 30HbI KJIllMaTa ([27], rrpllJIO)KeHHe B). Cpe,n;HeMeeHQHhIe TeMIIepaTyphI B03;::t;yxa 5I <p M a M H H a C 0 H 11 -10,2 -9,2 -4,3 4,4 11,9 16,0 18) 16,3 10,7 4,3 -1,9 -7,3
b I'."U"O 4 Ten.un",',,,,.u",,,,,"Ui' pac',wl HUpY:>lCHUX o<pa,)K'(!n",il Tm,'omeX"U CCK"" pac',em HapljJICHUX Olpa:>ICJCHUU 3. fIapaM€TpbI BHYTp€HHerO B03,1I,yxa rrpHHHMalOT no faCT 30494-96 (npHJImK€- HH€ 2.) IIOM€IIJ,€Hll51 ,n;JI5I 3aH5ITHH rro,n;Bll)KHbIMH Bll,n;aMli cnopTa OTHOC5IT K nOM€Il €- H1l5lM 4-H KaT€rOpHli. XOJIO,lJ,HhIU rrepHOp; OnTliMaJIbHbI€ YCJ OBll51 tint = 17. . .19° C; 'PH = 45. . .30%. )J,onYCTllMbI€ YCJIOBH5I tint = 15 . . . 21 ° C; 'PH (; 60%. B CnpaBO"9:HOM noc06HH K CHHfI IIO cnopTllBHbIM 3aJ aM [23] )J,aHbI CJI€,nyIOIUll€ P€- KOM€H,LLall,llll: B CIiOpTllBHbIX 3aJIaX C M€CTaMli ,n;JI5I 800 II M€H€€ 3pHTeJI€H B XOJIO,IIHbIH n€pllO,LJ; tint = 18° C, 'PH = 30. . .60%. fIo,LJ;a"9:a HapY)KHOrO B03,nyxa ,n;0JI)KHa coeTaB3UITb H€ M€H€€ 80 M 3 / q ,LJ;JI5I O,::I;HOrO CIiOpTCM€Ha II H€ M€He€ 20 M 3 /q ,n;JI5I O,LJ;Horo 3PHT€JIfi. )J,mI T€nJIOT€XHlIq€CKOrO paCq€Ta npllH5ITO tint = 18° C, 'PH = 50%. 4. KOHCTPYKII,ll5I HaPY)KHOH CT€HbI (pIIC. 4.1). IIoKa3aT€JIb T€nJIorrpOBO,LJ;HOCTH MaT€pllaJIOB 3aBliCIIT OT YCJIOBliH 3KCIIJIyaTaI IUI HapY)KHbIX orpa)K,II.€HllH (A Il.'IH B). Ta6JIllu,a 4.1 N HaHMeHoBaHHe TOJI- TIJIOT- K03cPcPHlJ;HeHT K03cPcPHlJ,HeHT rra- CJIo- IUHHa HOCTh TerrJIOrrpOBO HoCTH porrpoHHlJ,aeMOcTll eB MaTepHaJIOB b, MM p, Kr/M 3 A, BT/(M'oC) J..t, Mr/(M . q. TIa) 1 PacTBop 20 1600 0,81 H3BeCTKOBD-- rreCqaHbIH 0,12 KHpnH'IHa5I KJIa,LI,Ka H3 2 06hIKHoBeHHoro r JIHHHHD-- 250 1800 ro KHprrll'Ia Ha lJ,eMeHTHD-- 0,81 0,11 rreC'IaHOM paCTBope 3 TIeHOrrOJIl-rcTHPOJI cPHPMhI b3 28 0,03 0,013 BACC1) CTHpO,D,yP 2800C 4 KJIa Ka H3 rrYCToTHoro Ke- 130 1400 0,58 0,14 paMH'IeCKoro KHprrll'Ia 5 PacTBop 20 1800 0,93 0,09 u;eMeHTHD-- rreCqaHhIH 2 3 4 5 T€pMw:leCKO€ COIIpOTHBJ €Hll€ HaPY)KHbIX CT€H Rreq = 0,0003 X 4515 + 1,2 = 2 56 (M 2 .oC)/BT, (4.2) IIOI<pbITHH II nep€KpbITIIH 1I0,n, IIpO€3,n;aMH Rreq = 0,0004 X 4515 + 1,6 = 3.41 (M 2 .oC)/BT, (4.3) OKOH H BIITpa)K€H: Rreq = 0,0005 X 4515 + 1.3 = 0:423 (M 2 .oC)/BT. (4.4) 20 250 Oyr 130 20 IIpHB€,n;€HHO€ T€pMlrq€CKO€ COlipOTHBJI€HH€ MO)KHO orrpe,n;€JIIITb no <POpl\IYJI€ Rreq = R'b cn X r, (4.5) PIIC. 4.1. Pa.3pe3 HapY>KHOH CTeHhI: t B -- TeMnepaTypa BHYTpeHHero B03,LJ,yxa, t H - Tel>IIIepa- Typa HapYMHoro B03.D,yxa, OYT - TOJIIUHHa YTenJIHTeJI5I R YC.II r,n;€ 0 -- YCJIOBHO€ T€pl\fIIqeCKO€ COrrpOTIIBJ €Hll€ KOHCTPYKll,HH C Y"9:€TOM T€IIJIOlIpO- BOJJHblX 3JI€M€HTOB. r - K03<p<pMll,1l€HT T€IIJIOTeXHlIq€CKOH OJJHOpOLJ;HOCTH, r = 0,84. ));.n5I OKOHHbIX OTKOCOB r = 0,9. 06Ill,IIH K03<P<PIIll,H€HT T€nJIOT€XHMq€CKOH O,n;HOpO,n;HOCTII: MOCKOBCKRH 06JIaCTb paCIIOJImK€Ha B 30H€ HOpMaJIbHOH BJIa)KHOCTII [26}. Ilpn CP€)J,H€H tint = 18° C, '-PB = 50% pe)KIIM 3Kcrr.nyaTaIJ,IIII IIOM€IIJ,€HIIH - HOpMaJIb- HbIH ([26}). YCJIOBII5I 3KCIIJIyaTall,llH HapY)KHbIX orpa)K,1I,€HIIH COOTB€TCTBYIOT YC.JIOBll5IM B [26]. T€mIOT€XHII"9:eCKII€ nOKa3aT€JIll MaT€pIIa.nOB HapY)KHOH CT€HbI CB€.n;€HbI B Ta6,,'1. 4.1. 5. PaC"9:€T npllB€)J,€HHOrO T€PMIP-I€CKOrO corrpoTIIBJI€HIIR orpa.lK,LI,alOIIJ,lIX KOHCTPYKI.I,IIii. rpa,llj'CO-CYTKII OTOnHTeJIbHOrO rr€pllo,n;a )J,d: T = 0,84 X 0,9 = 0,756. YCJIOBHO€ T€PMII"9:€CKO€ corrpOTllBJI€HII€ HapY)KHOH CT€HbI ,n;OJI)KHO 6bITb H€ MeH€€: R'b cn = Rreq/,r = 2,56/0,756 = 3,39 (M 2 .oC)/BT. (4.6) )J,d = (tint -tht) X Zht, (4.1) PaCq€THOe TepMH"9:eCKO€ COnpOTHBJI€J-Ill€ C.n051 YT€nJIllTeJIR: R YT = Rb cn - (R B + Rl + R 2 + R4 + R5 -t R H ) = _ R ycn ( 1 lh 62 64 8 5 1 ) - 0 - -+-+-+-+-+- O'B Al A2 A4 A5 O'H = 3 39 _ ( 0,02 0.25 0,13 0,02 ) _ 2. ° , 8.7 I 0.81 + 0,81 + 0,58 + 0,93 + 23 - 2,65 (M C)/BT. )lJIfI HapY)KHbIX orpa)K,n;€HIIM: ,.];d = [(18 - (-3.1)] X 214 = 4515° C . CYT. PaCq€THO€ Tp€6Y€MO€ T€PMII"9:€CKO€ corrpOTHBJI€HMe Rreq YKa3aHO B npllJIO)K€HIIH 19. 1.'46a 4. Ie 1/.'10 mo." "-II "a "" p"'- 'II In napYJIC /I "if 021"'. Hedn w il Ie n.lmn,' xu ""ec "u pac'IIrn narY.He" U.r 02{iQ'ffl,dt' " 1<11 PaCqeTHa5I TOJIIIJ;llHa YTeIIJIIITeJI5I: rpaHllllbI Me)K)Iy CJI05IMll 3 11 4: 8 YT = R YT X A YT = 2,65 X 0,03 = 0,079 M, (4.7) ( + 0,02 + 0,25 + 0,08 ) X 0 756 t = 18 - 46 8,7 0,81 0,81 0,03 ' = -24 1 ° C. 3 257 ' , , rrpllH5ITa TOJIIUllHa YTerrJIllTeJI}I 8 YT = 0,08 M. <DaKTlIqeCKOe TepMHqeCKOe eorrpOTIIBJIeHlIe rJIaMf HapY:>KHOM CTeHbI: Me:>K,llj' CJI05IMH 4 11 5: ( 1 8 8 8 8 1 ) 0 08 R - - + + + + + - = 0,737 + 2- = 3,40 (M 2 .oC)/BT. (4.8) 0'8 Al A3 A4 A5 O'H 0,03 ( 1 0,02 0,25 0,08 0,13 ) 0 756 -+-+-+-+- X , t = 18 - 46 8,7 0,81 0,81 0,03 0,58 . = -272° C. 4 2,57 ' , ITplIBe,n;eHHoe TepMHqeCKOe eorrpOTIIBJIeHlle: R pIi8. = Rt X r = 3,40 x 0,756 = 2,57 (M 2 .oC)/BT. HapY:>KHOM rrOBepXHOCTH: K H . C = Rn Ii8' = 2 7 = 0,39 BT/(M 2 .oC). o , ( 1 0,02 0,25 0,08 0,13 0,02 ) 0 756 -+-+-+-+-+- x t = 18 - 46 8,7 0,81 0,81 0,03 0,58 0,93 .' = -27 5° C. HIT 2,57 ' , K03<P<P 1lI ..I,HeHT TeIIJIOrrepe,n;aqH HaPY:>KHOM CTeHbI: (4.9) cepe,n;llHbI CJI05I YTerrJUITeJI5I: 6. Pacrrpe,n;eJIeHIIe TeMnepaTypbI lIO TOJ I.I.I,llHe CTeHbI rrpii TeMrrepaType HapY:>KHOrO B03,llj'xa text = - 28 ° C. .J\10:>KHO CqHTaTb, qTO TepMll"'IeCKOe corrpOTllBJIeHlIe YMeHbllIaeTC}I lIO TOJ IlUfHe KOH- CTPYKI.I,Hli nporrOpI.I,HOHaJlbHO K03<P<PHlJ,HeHTY TerrJIOTeXHHqeCKOM O,n;HOpO,LI,HOCTH r = = 0,737. PacrrpeLI,eJIeHHe TeMrrepaTypbI no TOJIII1.HHe KOHCTPYKI.I,HH: ( + 0,02 + 0,25 + 0,04 ) x 0,756 t = 18 - 46 8,7 0,81 0,81 0,03 6 10C cp 2,57 = -, . RYCJI x r t x = tint - (t nt - texd rrPIi8. , °C. o ( 4.10) ITo pe3YJIbTaTaM paCqeTOB CTp05IT rpaqmK pacnpe,n;eJIeHH5I TeMrrepaTypbI no TOJIIl HHe HapYIKHoM CTeHbI (pllC. 4.2). 7. IlpoBepKa OTCYTCTBH5I KOH,n;eHcaI.I,IIH BO,n;5IHbIX rrapOB Ha BHYTpeHHeM rrOBepXHO- CTH CTeHbI. ITo i -d-,n;llarpaMMe onpe,1J.eJI5IIOT TeMrrepaTYPY TO KH pOCbI ,1J.J 5I B03,llj'xa C napa- MeTpaMII tint = 18° C, 'P8 = 50%: t T . p = 7,2° C, T8 = 16,4° C; T B > t T . p , rr03TGrvry KOII,LI,eHcaI.I,1I1I He npOH30:ll,rr;eT. TervmepaTypa BHYTpeHHei1 rrOBepXHOCTH HapY:>KHOrO yrJIa: TeMrrepaTypa Ha BHYTpeHHeii rrOBepXHOCTH CTeHbI: RYCJI T8 = tint - (tint - texd IiB. . (4.11 ) Ty = tint - (0,18 - 0,042 X R PH8.) X (tint - texd, °C (4.12) Telo,mepaTypa BHYTpeHHeii: rrOBepXHOCTli: Ty = 18 - (0,18 - 0,042 X 2,57) X (18 + 28) = 14,6° C: ( + 0,02 ) X 0756 t = 18 - 46 8,7 0,81 ' = 16 1°C' 1 2,57 " Ty > i T . p ' YCJIOBIIe OTCYTCTBIHI KOH,I eHCaI 1l1I BbIIIOJIHenO )l,JI5I Bcex BHYTpeHHHX lIoBepxHocTeM. 8. ITpoBepKa HopMHpyeMoro neperra,lI,a TeI\lIIepaTYp. HopI\mpyeMaR pa3HOCTb TervmepaTYP B03,II,Yxa B nOMeUJ,eHllH II BHYTpeHHeM rro- BepXHOCTII CTeHbJ He ,L OJ :>KHa rrpeBbIIIIaTb 4,5° C [27). = 18 - [ 18 - ( -28 )] 1/8,7 x 0,756 = 164° C. T8 2 57 " , rpaHHUhI Me:>K,llj' CJIORMH 1 II 2: .6.t = tint - T8 = 18 - 16,4 = 1,6 0 C < 4,5° C, ( 1 0,02 0,25 ) 0 756 -+-+- x , t = 1 8 - 4 6 8,7 0,81 0,81 . = 11 9° C' "2 257 ' , , YCJ OBHe BhIrrOJIHeHO. 9. BhI60p KOHCTPYKUllll, 3arrOJJH.HIOI.I.I,eii: CBeTOBOM rrpoeM. HopMHPyeI\me TepMllqeCKOe corrpOTIIBJIeIIHe OKOH paCC"IHTaHO BbIlIIe: rpaHHI.I,hI Me:>K,n;y CJIO.HMII 2 II 3; Rreq ? 0,423 (M 2 . °C)/BT.
b I: ",oa i. Tn' """" nm 'wnw; pa, '" '" "a 1"1 w." WI "'I"'"' ;), ,,,d, !; '1.11"", nu, 'I' ,. "a I, I'" ",. m ''''1'''''''' MY '"I'''"';)''''' II I, DC B = =.1!..."C 20 .B=-I6, 15 ---- 10 ---- Ie 5 ---- .- i- -!- I J- I i 1- I r,n,e G H = 5 Kr/(M 2 .Q) (Ta6JI. 5.3) - HopMllpyeMa51 B03.rryxonpOHlin:aeMOCTb OKOH 06- m;eCTBeHHbIX 3,n,aHlill TIpIi lIenOJIb30BaHlili aJIlOMIIHlIeBbIX nepeIIJIeTOB, l:1po = 10 ITa, l:1p -- pa3HOCTb ,n,aBJIeHIIH C BHYTpeHHeH li HapYlKHoH CTOpOH OKHa nepBoro 3Ta- 2Ka (ITa) l:1p = 0,55 x H x (1'H - 1'13) + 0,03 x l'H x V 2 , r,n,e H = 14,2 M -- BbICOTa OT 3eMJIli ,n;o Bepxa BeHTHJI5In:IIOHHOH rnaXTbI, 1'H, 113 y,n;eJIbHbIH Bee HapY)KHOrO II BHYTpeHHero B03.rryxa (H/M 3 ): o 3463 l' = 273 + t ' 1'13 = 3463/(273 + 18) = 11,90 H/M 3 , l'H = 3463/(273 - 28) = 14,13 H/M 3 , v = 4,9 M/C -- paCqeTHa51 CKOpOCTb BeTpa, ( 4.15) -5 ----- l:1p = 0,55 x 14,2 x (14,13 - 11,90) + 0,03 x 14,13 x 4,9 2 = 27,6 ITa. -10 Tpe6yeMoe conpOTIIBJIeHlIe B03.uyxonpoHIIn: aHH IO: -15 1 ( 276 ) 0,67 R P ="5 1 = 0,39 M 2 '''I/Kr. -20 ---- IToCJIe oKpyrJIeHli51 RTP = 0 40 M 2 . q / Kr' n, , 2 3 4 5 b, M I H = -2E corrpOTlIBJIeHlIe B03.rryxorrpoHun:aHIiIO YCTaHaBJ IlBaeMbIx OKOH ,n;OJI)KHO 6bITb He MeHee Tpe6yeMoro. 11. ITpoBepKa Ha OTCYTCTBlie KOH,n;eHcan:llIT BO,n,51HbIX napOB B TOJIIII,e HapY)KHOH CTeHbI. ITpoBepKY ocym;eCTBJI5IIOT rrpli TeMrrepaType HapY)KHOro B03,nyxa, paBHoH cpe,n,HeH TeMrrepaType HaH60JIee XOJIOAHOrO MeC5In:a text,:n = -10,2° C, TaK KaK BJIa)KHOCTHbIe npou;eCCbI rrpOTeKaIOT Me,l],JIeHHO. 11.1. Pacnpe,n;eJIeHHe TeMnepaTypbI H ,n;aBJIeHII5I HaCbIIIJ;eHll51 BO,l],}JHbIX napoB no CeqeHHIO CTeHbI. TeMrrepaTYPY rroBepxHocTH CJIO}J CTeHbI onpe,l],eJI5IlOT no (4.10) npH text = text,:n. ,LI,aBJIeHHe HaCbIIII,eHH5I BO,LI,}JHbIX napOB paCCqHTbIBalOT no <popMYJIe <DHJIbHe5l: -25 -30 PHC. 4.2. rpacPliK pacnpe,lI,eJIeHlUI TeMliepaTypbI B HapY.>KHOll CTeHe B COOTBeTCTBHH C apxHTeKTypHbIMH Tpe6oBaHH5IMH 3anOJ1HeHH5I CBeTOBbIX rrpo- eMOB ,n,OJI)KHbI 6bITb BbIrrOJIHeHbI C aJIIOMHHHeBbUvIH nepenJIeTaMH. ITo rrpH.;'IO)KeHHIO 16 BbI6paH ,1..J;ByxKaMepHbIH CTeKJIOnaKeT H3 06bIqHOrO CTeKJIa B O,D)1HapHOM nepenJ eTe C MelKCTeKOJIbHbIM paCCT05lHIIeM 12 MM: Ro = 0,45 (M 2 .oC)/BT > 0,423 (M 2 .oC)/BT. ( 156+8,12t ) E 13fI = 133,3 x 10 236+t ITa. K03<p<pHn:HeHT TenJIOrrepe,n;aqH OKHa: K = = = 2,22 BT/(M 2 .oC). Ro 0,45 BHYTpeHH}J}J nOBepXHoeTb: ( 4.13) T, = 18 - (18 + 10 2) 1/8,7 x 0,756 = 1705° C 13 , 2,57 " E Bn = 1943 ITa; 10. Onpe,n;eJIeHHe Tpe6yeMoro corrpOTHKleHH}J B03,nyxonpoHHn:aHHIO OKOIlHoro rrpoe!\m: rpaHHn:a Me)K,I.l.y CJI05lMH 1 H 2: 1 ( .6. ) 0,67 TP_ P 2 Rn - G H l:1po 1\1 .q/Kr, ( 4.14) ( + 0,02 ) x 0 756 t = 18 - 28 2 8,7 0,81 ' = 168° C 1 , 2,57 " El = 1912 ITa; r.W6a 4. T<.n.,m"'XHU'''C,"'U pac_cm unpy:wuux 02paJff:aenm) rpaHllua Me)K,I.l.y CJI05IMli 2 H 3: ( 1 0,02 0,25 ) 0 756 -+-+- x t = 18 - 28 2 8,7 0,81 0,81 ' = 143° C 2 , 257 ' , , E 2 = 1630 ITa; rpaHHll,a Me2K)J,y CJI05IMII 3 II 4: ( 1 0,02 0,25 0,08 ) 0 756 -+-+-+- x , t = 18 - 28 2 8,7 0,81 0,81 0,03 ' = -784° C 3, 2 57 ' , , E3 = 338 ITa; rpaHHll,a M€)K,I.I.y CJI05IMli 4 II 5: ( 1 0,02 0,25 0,08 0,13 ) 0 756 -+-+-+-+- x t = l8 - 28 2 8,7 0,81 0,81 0,03 0,58 ' = -9 7° C 4, 257 ' , , ,j E4 = 292 ITa; HapY2KHa51 nOB€pXHoeTb: ( 1 0,02 0,25 0,08 0,13 0,02 ) 0 756 -+-+-+-+-+- x , t = 18 - 28 2 8,7 0,81 0,81 0,03 0,58 0,93 - = -9 9° C Hn, 2,57 ' , E Hn = 288 ITa; C€p€,lI,MHa CJI05I YT€IIJIllT€JI5I: ( 1 0,02 0,25 0,04 ) 0 756 -+-+-+- x , t = 18 - 28 2 8,7 0,81 0,81 0,03 - = 3 2° C cp, 2,57 ' , Ecp = 768 ITa. 11.2. ITapll,lla,ilbHO€ .II,aBJI€HH€ BO,n;5fHbIX rrapOB e B HapY)!(HOl\-I II BHYTpeHH€M B03- ,n,yX€: tint = 18° C; E int = 2062 ITa; CPB = .50%; emt = CPR X E int = 0,5 x 2062 = 1031 TIa; (4.16) text,R = -10,2° C; Eext,R = 281 IIa; 'PH = 84%: €ext,R = 0,84 x 281 = 236 IIa. ( 4.17) 11.3. CorrpOTI:IBJI€HH€ naporrpOHllll,aHlilO HapY2KHoii CT€HbI: n Oi Rn = Rn.H + 2: - + R n . H , i=1 Pi (4.18) rf],€ Rn.H = 0,0267 M 2 . 'L£ . IIa / Mr, Rn.H = 0,0032 M 2 . 'L£ . ITa / l\.Ir -- corrpOTllBJI€HH€ rraporrpoHHll,aHHIO COOTB€TCTB€HHO BHYTPCHH€H H HapY2KHOii nOBepXHOCT€ii. 0,02 0,25 0,08 0,13 0,02 2 / Rn = 0,0267 + 0,12 + 0,11 + 0.013 + 0,14 -r- 0,09 + 0,0052 = 9,78 M . 'L£. ITa Mr. Tcn.,mnCIHWWC'U'; pac',em Hapywu"x ",,,,,WaCHIJl) IIHTeHcHBHocTb nOTOKa BOf],5IHOrO rrapa: €int - €ext R 1031 - 236 8 / ( 2 ) 9 = ' = = 1,3 Mr M' q . Rn 9,78 11.4. Pacrrpe).l;€JIeHH€ rrapll,llaJIbHOrO ,n;aBJI€H1I5I BO,lI,.HHbIX rrapoB no Ce'L£€HlllO CT€HbI rrpH text,R = -10,2° C ( Rn.x ex = €mt - €int - €ext,R) X Rn ' ITa. BHYTP€HH5I5I rrOBepXHOCTb: . 0,0267 e H . nOH = 1031 - (1031 - 236) x 978 = 1028 ITa; , rpaHllll,a M€)K,I.I.y CJI05IMM 1 H 2: o 0267 + el = 1031 - 795 x ' 0,12 = 1015 ITa; 9,78 rpaHl-lll,a M€2K,1J,y CJIOHMll 2 II 3: €2 = 1031 - 795 x o 0267 + 0,02 + 0,25 , 0,12 0,11 9,78 = 830 ITa; rpaHHll,a M€2K)J,y CJI05IMII 3 H 4: o 0267 + 0,02 + 0,25 + 0,08 e3 = 1031 - 795 x ' 0,12 0,11 0,013 = 330 ITa; 9,78 rpaHlIll,a M€2K,1J,y CJI05lMH 4 II 5: €4 = 1031 - 795 x 00267 + 0,02 0,25 + 0,08 + 0,13 , 0,12 + 0,11 0,013 0,14 = 255 ITa; 9,78 HapY2KHa51 nOB€pXHOCTb: R Hn ( 0,0052 €Hn = €ext,51 + Rn €int - €ext,R) = 236 + 9,78 x 795 = 236,5 ITa; B C€p€).I;I-lHe CJI05I H30JI5Ill,llH: Ccp = 1031 - 795 x o 0267 + 0,02 + 0,25 0,08 0,04 , 0,12 0,11 -+ 0,013 + 0,013 = 586 IIa. 9,78 ITOJIY'L£€HHbI€ P€3YJIbTaTbI CBe.n;€HbI B Ta6JIHUY 4.2, rro pe3YJIbTaTaM KOTOpOll rro- CTpoeH rpaqmK (pne. 4.3). ITOCKOJlbKY HH B O,.rJ;HOM H3 Ce'L£€HllH napIJ,IIaJIbHO€ )IaBJI€Hll€ BO,lI,.HHbIX rrapOB He rrp€- BbIIIIaeT ,n;aBJI€HH5I HaCbIIIJ,€HH5I, B CT€He ,lI,aHHOll KOHCTpYKIJ,nn BJIara HaKarrJInBaTbC5I H€ 6y f],€T. Tm6U 4 - Tf"1140mexnu./ec1CUU pac'-em uupy"",nbtX 02pa.>KUp"au Ta6JIHu;a 4.2 CeqeHlle TeMrrepaTypa )J,aBJIeHlle TIapII.HaJIhHoe t,OC HaChIr.u.eHH}I E, TIa .n;aBJIeHHe e, TIa BHYTpeHHHH B03,nyX 18,0 2062 1031 BHYTP€HH}I}I rrOBepxHocTb 17,05 1943 1028 rpaHHn;a Me)K,l..ly C./IO}lMH 1 H 2 16,8 1912 1015 rpaHHn;a Me)K,ny C./IO}lMH 2 H 3 14,3 1630 830 Cepe,n;HHa C./IO}l YTerrJIHTeJI}I 3,2 768 586 rpaHHn;a M€)K,l..Iy C./IO}lMH 3 H 4 -7,84 338 330 rpaHHn;a Me)K,l..ly C./IO}lMH 4 II 5 -9,7 292 255 HapY)KHa}l rrOBepXHOCTh -9,9 288 236,5 HapY)KHhIH B03,nyX -10,2 236 236 06JIaCTb B CeqeHllH CTeHbI, r,n,e ,n,aBJIeHHe HacbIIqeHll£ MeHbllIe rrapU;HaJIbHOrO ,n,aB- JIeHH£ BO,n,£HbIX rrapOB, orrpe,n,eJI£eT 30HY HX B03MmKHoll KOH,n,eHcaIJ;llll. D;JI£ YCTpaHe- Hll£ 30HbI KOH,n;eHcaU;HII rrpOKJIa,.'J;bIBaIOT IIOJIll3TllJIeHoBYIO IIJIeHKY TOJIIqllHOll He MeHee 100 MKM Me:iK,IIJT CJI05lMll 2 11 3 llJIII H3MeH5IIOT KOHCTPYKUHIO CTeHbI. CorrpOTHBJIeHI1€ rraporrpOHllu;aHlllO rrJIeHKll COCTaBJI5I€T 7 M 2 . TI . ITa / Mr. 12. B pe3YJIbTaTe paCqeTa rrOJIyqeHbJ eJI€AYIOIqlle TeprvmqeCKlle corrpOTllBJIeHllR II K03<pqmU;lleHTbI TCrrJlOrrepe,n,a"Ill HaPY)KHbIX Orpa)f(,IJ;eHlIll: HapY)KHbIe CTeHbI OKHa C ,n,BOllHbIM OCTeKJIeHlleM rrOKpbITIIR qep,n,aK H rrO,lJ,BaJI HapY)KHbIe ,lJ,BepH R = 2,57 (M 2 .oC)/BT, R = 0,45 (M 2 .oC)/BT, R = 3,41 (M 2 .oC)/BT, R = 2,88 (M 2 .oC)/BT, R = 0,80 (M 2 . o C)/BT, K = 0,39 BT/(M 2 .oC); K = 2,22 BT/(M 2 .oC); K = 0,29 BT/(M 2 .oC); K = 0,35 BT/(M 2 .oC); K = 1,25 BT/(M 2 .oC). 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Pa3pe3 3.n;aHH5I: h OK - BhICOTa OKHa; h Hc - BhICOTa HapY)f{HOii CTeHhI; ha - BhICOTa 3Ta:>Ka; hHc-fI - BbICOTa HapY)f{HOii CTeHbI ao.n;BaJIa; hfl - BbICOTa nOlIBaJIa OlIpe)J;eJIeHHe TepMH'IeeKOrO corrpOTHBJIeHHSI IIOJIa H )J;o6aBO'IHhIX IIOTeph TelIJIOThI ,II;JI5I Ka.JK,1J,OH 30HhI HeYTelIJIeHHOrO IIOJIa, paCIIOJI02KeHHOrO Ha rpYHTe, IIplIHHMalOT CJIe,n,yIOII.I:I:Ie 3HaqeHIl51 TepMW-IeCKOrO COlIpOTHBJIeHIl51 R II K03<pqmIJ,lIeHTa TelIJIOlIepe- .n;aqlI K: I30Ha-R I 2,1 (M 2 .oC)/BT, KI =0,48BT/(M 2 .oC); II 30Ha - Ru 4,3 (M 2 .OC)/BT, Kn = 0,23 BT/(M 2 .oC); III 30Ha - RIll = 8,63 (M 2 . °C)/BT, KIll = 0,12 BT/(M 2 . DC); IV 30Ha - RIV = 14,2 (M2ooC)/BT, KIv = 0,07 BT/(M 2 .oC). TepMlIqeCKOe COlIpOTIIBJIeHlIe YTelIJIeHHbIX IIOJIOB, JIe.JKa:rn;IIX Ha rpYHTe, I:I CTeH, paCIIOJI02KeHHhIX HII2Ke ypOEH5I 3eMJIlI, OlIpe,II,eJI5IIOT C yqeTOM TepMllqeCKOrO COlIpO- j J:tam 5. [Jomepu meRlOmb' ""1"" ""pa.JKdelWR no."eujmwl TIIBJIeHII.H YTenJI.HIO:rn;ero CJI051 (eJIOeB) R yT : Ry = R30HbI + R yT , 8 YT R YT = , .l\YT (5.4) r,l.l,e 8 YT II A YT - cooTBeTcTBeHHo TOJIIIJ.HHa II K03<pqmll,IIeHT TenJIOrrpOBO,II,HOCTil YTen- JI51lOr.o;ero eJI05I. .---------- ...-. ------------.1-; , I 30HO ji 1 II 30HO ii III 30HO !I IV 30HO I l 2M 2M 2M PRC. 5.3. Onpe.n;eJIeHne nJIO a.n:eM nOJIa Ha rpYHTe (JIarax) ITO 30naM Tep1'.1IlqeCKOe COnpOTIIBJIeHIle Ka OH 30HbI nOJIa Ha JIarax rrpIIHHrvlaIOT paBHbI1'.1 Ry = 1,18(R30HbI + R yT ). (.5.5) B03,LI,yllIHYIO npOCJIOHKY II HaCTIIJI no JIara1'.1 yqIITbIBaroT KaK YTenJI.HIOIII,IIH CJIOH. D;06aBO"-lHbIe nOTepil Terr "IOTbI qepe3 orpa)K,lI,aro:rn;IIe KOHCTPYKlI,Ilil ,3 rrpIIHII1'IaJOT B ,I],OJI.HX 0'1' OCHOBHbIX IIOTepb: Q,l1,o6 = /3QOCH' (5.6) ,L(06aBKY, yqIITbIBaIO:rn;yIO opIIeHTall,IIIO no CTopOHa1'.1 ropII30HTa, ,I],eJIaIOT ,!]:JI51 Beex HapY)KHbIX BepTHKaJIbHbIX H HaKJTOHHbIX Orpa)K,lI,eHIIll:. OpueHTau;nH ITO CTopOHaM ropU30HTa (3 OpUeHTaIJ;UH no CTopOHaM ropU30HTa i3 CeBep 0,1 CeBepo-3ana,n; 0,1 lOr 0 CeBepo- BOCTOK 0,1 3ana.n: 0,05 lOrD-3ana.n; 0 BOCTOK 0,1 lOro- BOCTOK 0,05 )J;o6aBO"-lHbIe rrOTepH TenJIOTbI Qepe3 orpa)f()"1,aroIlI,IIe KOHCTPYKUIIH yrJIOBbIX rro- MeIIl,eHIIll rrpH HaJIWIIIII ,II,BYX H 60JIee na PY)KHbIX CTen )])I.H Bcex YKa3aHHbIx BbIIlle orpa)K,2.I,enHll YBeJIHQHBaIOT Ha 0,1, eCJIII O,I],HO II3 orpa)K)J;eHIIll 06par.o;eHo Ha ceBep, BOCTOK, ceBepO-BOCTOK, ceBepo-3alla,I]" II Ha 0,05- B ,lq)yrIIx CJIYQa.Hx. B TIIIIOBOM rrpoeKTIIpOBaHilil 3HaqeHile K03<pqmll,II€HTa ;3 He3aBIICII1'.10 0'1' opueHTall,IIH rrpIIHII1'.1aIOT paBHbIM 0,08 IIPII O,1J,HOH Hapy:mnOH CTeHe B nOMe:rn;eHilU II 0,13 - npu ,l.I,BYX H 60Jle€. ,L(06aBOQHbIe TenJIOnOTepII qepe3 ropH30HTaJIbHbIe Orpa)K,lI,eHH.H YQHTbIBalOT TOJIb- KO Qepe3 neo60rpeBaeMbIe nOJIbI nepBoro 3Ta:iKa Ha,I], XOJIO,l.l,HbI1'.1II nO,I],nOJIb.HMH 3,I],aHHH IIomepu men,wm", "'pe, u2pa.JKdenWI 1WMeu,e"uv. ,d B MeCTHOCT.HX C paCqeTHOH TeMnepaTYPOH HapY)KIIOrO B03,n,yxa He 60JIe€ 1'.1HHYC 40° C rro napa1'.1eTpa!\.1 B. ilx yqIITbIBaIOT ,l.1,06aBKOH f3 = 0,05. )Jp6aBKY Ha HarpeBaHHe XOJIO,I],HOrO B03A-Vxa, rrocTynaIOlliero Qepe3 HapY:iKHbIe D;BepH, He o60py.n;OBaHHbIe B03,nYIIIHbIJ\IH HJIH B03,l.1,YUIHO-TerrJIOBbIMH 3aBecaMII, npII- HHJ\HLIOT B 3aBIlCHMOCTIl 0'1' THna BXOII,HbIX ,l.I,Bepell II BbICOTbI 3,l.l,aHH.H H: Tun .n;BepeM j3 o .n:UHapHbIe 0,22.H ,l..I,BoMHbIe 6e3 TaM6ypa 0,34.H ,l..I,BoMHhIe C TaM6YPOM Me ' HUf..m 0,27. H TpoMHhle C .n:BYMH TaM6ypaMu Me)K)],Y HUMU 0,20. H H (M) 1I3Mep5:llOT OT Cpe)J.HeH n '1anlipoBOQHOM OT1'.1eTKII 3€MJIM ,1],0 lI,eHTpa BbIT.H)KHbIX OTB€PCTIIH <POHap.H IIJIII YCTb5:1 BeHTlIJI.HlI,IIOHHOH rnaXTbI. llpHMep 5.1. PaCQeT TerrJIOnOTepb '-Iepe3 orpmK)I,eHH.H nOMer.o;eHHll Y"':le6noro K.TJaCCa H MacTepcKoH, pacnO '10)KeHHbIX Ha I 3Ta)K€ IIIKOJIbL PaHoH CTpOIITe.TIbCTBa - r. Bo- JlOr,II,a. OpIIeHTaIl,II5I HapY:iKHbIX Orpa)K,lI,eHllll nOMeIll,eHlIM lIO C'I'OpOHaM ropII30HTa II HX pa3MepbI B Imane rrpIIBe,l.l,eHbI Ha pIlC. 5.4. IIo 'l I 3Ta)Ka BbIIIOJIIICH YTenJI€HHblIvI na JIarax (pRe. 5.5). BLIcoTa 0'1' ypOBH5I nOJ'la I 3Ta.:iKa ,I],O ypOBH5:I nwm II 3Ta:iKa - 3 M. Pa3MepbI OKOH 1,5 1'.1 x 2 1'.1; TOJI:rn;IIHa napY)KHbIX CT€H 8 H . C = 0,5 M; TOJIIlI,MUa BHYTpeHHIIX CTeH 8 B . C = 0.2 M; paCQeTHbIe TeMrr€paTypbI: HapY)KHOrO B03,n,yxa t 2 = = -32° C, BIIYTpeHHerO tint = 18° C; cpe.n;H.H5I TeMnepaTypa II npo.n;OJI)KIIT€JIbHOCTb OTOlIHTe.l'1bHOrO rrepIIo.n;a tht = -3,2° C, Zht = 231 CYT, paCQeTHa5I CKOpOCTb BeTpa - 6 M/C [26]. P€3YJIbTaTbl paCQeTa TelIJ10nOTCpb "-IepC3 orpa:iK,.i:J,eUII5I CBe,I],eHbI Ii Ta6J'1. 5.2. 1. rpa.n;YCO-CYTKII OTOIIIITe.'IbHoro rrepIIOD;a: ,ZJ;d = (tint - thd X Zht, (5.7) ,ZJ;d = [18 - (-3,2)] X 231 = 4900° C . CYT. 2. Hop1mpyeMbIe 3Ha"-leHII.H TepMH"-IeCKOrO corrpOTIIBJIeHH5I HapY)KHOH CTeHbI: Rreq = 0,00035 X 4900 + 1,4 = 3,11 (M 2 .oC)/BT (npH.I'l. 19); OKon: Rreq = 0,592 (M 2 .OC)/BT (nOJIY'-IeHO IIHTeprrOJI.HlI,H€M). (.5.8) 3. B KaQeCTB€ 3anOJIHeHM5I eBeTOBoro npoeMa rrpIIH.HT O,l.l,HOKal'vlepHbIH CTeKJIOnaKeT II3 CTeKJIa C TBep,I],bI1'.1 CeJIeKTHBHbIM IIOKpbITII€M. Tepr-m"':leCKOe corrpOTIIBJIeHIIe OKOH R OK = 0.65 (1'.1 2 . o C)/BT. 4. Tepl\IHq€CKOe corrpOTHBJIeHHe CJIOeB KOHCTPYKlI,HH YTeIIJI€HHOro IIOJ'la Ha JIarax: , I 8 1 63 0,04 + 0,172 + 0,1 = 1,11 M2 .0C R YT = R 1 + R 2 -r R3 = ' I + R B . n + ' 3 = BT (5.9) .1\ .1\ 0,18 0,14 L.W6Q .j. nomepu men-10mb< ,<epe.' OZ/XL>/,yJeffW< n"'''eUjFHuii r 10 L_ < __ . .._ _'_. h" _ __ Q i, Ii ------- : i i; jL ... -.::t-:.. @ II 30HO I--------- - I III 30HO Poco 5.4. I1 1JaH rroMew,eHllH KJIaCCa II MacTepCKOll: 2 3 Poco 5.5. Pa.3pe3 YTerrJIeHHOro nOJIa Ha JIarax. 1 - ,D.OIll,aTbIll HaCTHJI: (h = 0,04 M, Al = = 0,18 BT/(M .oC); 2 - B03)JylIlHasr rrpOCJIOll:Ka: 8 2 = 0,1 M, R B . n = 0,172 (M 2 . o C)/BT; 3 - 3aCbIllKa KepaM3HTOBbIM rpaBHeM: p = 400 Kr/M3, 83 = 0,1 M, A3 = = 0,14 BT/(M .oC); h Y . nJI = 0,04 + 0,1 + 0,1 = 0,24 M YeJIOBHhIe TepMIP:IeCKMe corrpOTMBJIeHM5I 30H HeYTenJIeHHOrO rroJIa, (M 2 . °C) /BT: RI = 2,1; Ru = 4,3; RIll = 8,6. TepMIfT-IeCKMe corrpOTMBJIeHlI5I 30H YTerrJI€HHOrO rrOJIa Ha JIarax, (M 2 . °C) /ET: Ry = 1,18( oHb] + R yT ); Rmd = 1,18(2,1 + 1,11) = 3,79; Rrm.I1 = 1,18(4,3 + 1,11) = 6,38; R nJl .I1I = 1,18(8,6 + 1,11) = 10,9. K03<P<P M IJ;MeHTbI TerrJIOrrepe,n.aQM HapY.>KHhIX Orpa)K,II,eHIIM, BT / (M 2 . °C): K = l/R. (5.10) K H . C = 1/3,11 = 0,32; K OK = 1/0,65 = 1,54; KI = 1/3,79 = 0,26; Kn = 1/6,38 = 0,16; KIll = 1/10,9 = 0,09. I I ::s: E-< u :s: 0.. (I) E-< :.: ctI tIi 0.. :s:: ctI ffi >< t:[ 0.. t., o M (I) 0.. (I) ::r :Q E-< o t:: (I) E-< ..Q 0.. (I) E-< o t:: E-< (I) ::r u ctI 0... .:s: :s: :r: <1J S' <1J ;:;; o t:: C'I 10 =- :s: !:; \0 6:s::d! cE-< 52' ffiO'co ("""' E-< t:: S' :s: ('j , I 0.. :I:..Q:s:.e-E-< t:: ; oo t3 :I:-& O' 6:S: o(l).....O"c.... :I::Q2(1) co u:;::<1J O' o E-< t:: CQ 2 :i :r: 0.. :r (I) o E-< "" 0 ('j t:: 2 hf E-< +CQ ..-<W -----+ 6 g. ::r ro * :;::g.SS- ':S: :s:: :r: (I) t:[ ro P- o ..Q cO £' t; 0.. 0..":: 0 g I ° OJ 0.. E-< .... Ucii I : c3E -&0 E-< 6 -N ro k. ;:;; t:: S' I i.:E o..x 0.. .:E :!. tIi 0.. :I: :s: o <1J ::f .::s: 8 S ::r f5 ;0 ....0 d; (I) d; ;:;; S' :s:: ('j (I) :s: ('j "" ;:;; :r: g g ;;; t:: Ilomepil "wnwm"" 'leI'''" O?JX1Ji<:d"HWt 1I('-MeW,e"",; -d a a "'" I:-- I:-- I:-- M '" U") C'I_ ..-< C'I_ ..-< ..-< ..-< ..-< ,...; 000 1.0 ..-< 0_ o a a a a a 0 U') U') 11':: U') "'" C'I ,...; C'I C'I C'I '" "l "l M C'I a a C c5 I "'" 1.0_ ..-< 0:.....,0 "'<1'_ 00 0 0) "'<I' M C'I M C'I +C'I Cl5C15 X C'lX x x X I:-- U")- ;2:0- + 0r00 I o 0 0 r::: .:s: :E :r: u \@ :r :x: ..-< a ..-< I:-- "'" "'" ..-< ..-< C'I a a U") U") '" 0') ..-< a o 0 ""'_ DO '" ci C'I ..-< + C'I 1-_ C'I X ..-< X I:-- X >I") CI5 U") 0) -;- r-:- s ..... a U') C'I t::: o a ..-< M 8 C'I X M M '" a "'<I' U") DO '" O"J C'I I:-- M DO C'I ,...; ..-< '" '1"""""1.... ......-4__ ,...; ,...; ...... o 0 00 00 oc 00 00 "'" "'" "'<I' "'" "'" C'I '<:!' '" '" 0') M C'I C'I ..-< o ..-< c5 a a '" a '" '" C'I .0 Mo) 0) 00 ..-< -o;j< C'I_ a M ci x X DO U') ..,,:i ..-< u 0 I 0_ a 1"-: C'I ci ,...; x x x 00 DO IX!.. ..,,:i ..,,:i "'" o 0 ::r: hf r::: r::: t:: '" ..-< 6.. (!) f-; u C'I a ,...; o 0') DO ..Q :s: :r :Q "" tIi u E-< (I) >, \0 (I) 0.. E-< (I) :I: :E :I: (I) r-< u :s:: S' o cry :s: (I) ('j :r >, B ;:;; o f-; m CO ..-< a C'I :E :I: w E-< u :s: . (I) 0.. q) t';; r::: g I:: (!) E-< a E-< I:: S 6s hfiS: ,-& 1-& o m :I: :.: E-< @ 'S "" :Q t:[ ro U :I: 5 I ::s: ('j g; :r: (!) u go I:: ('j 0 :I: !:; >,E-< ffi ..-< a eii -&o ('j m ..Q ;:;; M S' is::s: 0 eC'i Lwca 5. ITomep" men."OmN epe.1 o2p<1.wdcUII.R nO.<telU,fUU1) /l ume l'lI movwmN 'wpc., u'paJled'HU.R no."elW""'" IToTepH TeIIJIOTbI Ha HarpeBaHHe HH(j:>HJIbTPYIOrn.erocSl B03.n:.yxa IIoTepH TemIOTbI Qll (BT), Ha HarpeBaHHe HH<PHJIbTPYIOIIJ,erOC5I HapY)KHOrO B03- xa: Qll = 0,28 X G ll X F x C (t B - t EI ) x A, (5.11) r)..!,e G ll - B03.L\)TxOlIpomHJ,aeMocTb orpa)f()];aIOIIJ,eM KOHCTPYKII,HH (Kr / (:1\1 2 . q)); F --- IIJIOlil,a.n;b OKOH orpa)K)I,alOlII,eH KOHCTPYKIJ,HH (M 2 ); C = 1,005 K )K/(Kr'oC) -- Y.LI,eJIb- HaR TeI1 'IOeMKOCTb B031.I,Yxa; A - K03<p<pHII,l1eHT, yql1TbIBalOIlJ,HH BJIH5IHl1e BCTpeT-IHoro TelIJIOBOrO IIOTOKa B orpa)f()];alOII{eH KOHeTpYKII,HH, paBHblii: 0,7 - .n;JI5I CTbIKOB IIa- HeJIeH II OKOH C TpOMHbIMI1 IIepeI1JIeTaMI1, 0,8 - ,LJ,.'I5I OKOH H 6aJIKOHHbIX ,LJ,BepeH C pa3,;::J;eJIbHbIMI1 IIepelIJIeTaMH, 1,0 - ,I1iIR OKOH C O,LJ,HHapHbIMH HJIH ciiapeHHbIMH IIepe- IIJIeTaMH; 0,28 - qHCJIOBOii K03<p<pHII,HeHT, IIpHBO,LJ,RIlJ,HH B COOTBeTCTBHe IIpHH5fTble pa3MepHOCTH YLIeJIbHOii TelIJIOeMKOCTH (K,IJ;)K/(Kr.oC)) H TeIIJIOBOrO nOTORa (BT). Ta6J1HQa 5.3 HopIvmpyeMhIe 3HaqeHII:H B03.uyxonpoHllQaeMocTII orpa)K,i:\aJOIlI,IIX KOHCTPYKQIIH 3.n;eCb H - BbICOTa 3.n;aHH51 OT ypOBHH lIOJIa lIepBoro 3Ta)lffi ,LJ,O YCTbR BeHTHJI5III,HOH- HOM maXTbI, I'ext, I'int - y.n;eJIbHbIH Bec COOTB€TCTBeHHO HapY)KHOrO H BHYTp€HHerO B03,IJ,yxa (H / M 3 ): 3463 I' = 273 + ( (5.14) T€J:\lIIepaTypa BHYTpeHH€rO B03 xa lIpHHHMa€TCR lIO OIITHMaJIbHbIM napaMeTpaM, a HapY)KHOrO -- IIO TeMnepaType HaH60.nee XOJIo,II,HOii n5fTH,LI,HeBKH C 06€Cneq€HHO- CTblO 0,92. tlpo = 10 ITa, v -- - MaKCHMaJIbHa5I H3 epe,LlHHX CKOPOCT€ii BeTpa (M/C) lIO PYM6aM 3a 5fHBapb, nOBTOp5I€MOCTb KOTOpbIX COCTaBJI5IeT He MeH€€ 16%. PaCq€THaH pa3HOCTb ,1],aBJI€HHll tlPi (ITa) 3aBHCHT OT BeJIHqHHbI rpaBHTaIl,HOHHO- BeTpOBoro ,LJ,aBJIeHMR H pa60TbI BeHTHJI5IIJ,Im: NQ BllD, orpa)K):l;aIOIlI,llX KOHCTPYKU;IIH B03 xorrpoHllu;aeMocTb 0 11 (Kr /(M 2 . q»), He 60JIee 1 HapY)KHbIe cTeHbI, rrepeKpbITII.H H rroKpbITII.H )KllJIhIX, 06Il1,eCTBeH- 0.5 HbIX, a.L\MIIHHcTpaTIIBHbIX H 6bITOBhIX 3.n;aHIIH H nOMern;eHIIH 2 HaPY)KHbIe cTeHbI, nepeKpbITIUI II nOKphITHSl npOll3Bo;J;cTBeHHbIx 1,0 3.LI,aHIIH II rrOM€rn;eHHH CTbIKII M€)K,LI;Y rraHeJI.HMII HaPY)KHbIX CTeH: 0,5* 3 a) )KllJIbIX 3,lJ,aHIIH 6) rrpOII3B0)1CTBeHHbIX 3.n;aHIIH 1,0* 4 BXOD,HbIe )1BepH B KBapTIIpbI 1,5 5 BXOD,HbIe ,,"IBepII B )KHJlhle, 06Il1,eCTBeHHble II 6bIToBbIe 3,LJ:aHII.H 7.0 OKHa 11 6aJIKOHHble .n;BepH B ,lJ,epeB.HHHhIX nepeIIJIeTaX B .>KHJIbIX, 6 o6w;ecTBeHHbIx H 6bITOBbIX 3.n;aH.HX II UOMeIll,eHH.HX; OKRa II <p oHa - 6,0 pH npOII3BO,LI.CTBeHHbIX 3 aHllH C KOH,lJ,HU;HOHHpOBaHIIeM B03A)'xa OKHa 11 6a..rrKOHRbIe .n;BepH B IIJIaCTMaCCOBbIX IIJIH aJIlOMHHIIe- 7 BbIX neperr3JeTaX B )KHJIbIX, 06Il1,eCTBeHHblx H 6blTOBbIX 3.n;aHl:I.HX 5.0 1:I rrOMew;eHH.HX 8 OKHa, .n;Bepll II BopOTa rrpOII3BO,lI.CTBeHHbIX 3,naHMll 8,0 9 <PoHapH rrpOlf3BO,il;CTBeHHbIX 3,il;aHHH 10,0 * p8.3MepHOCTb Kr/(M.q) tlPi = 9,81 X (H - h)(PH - PB) + 0,5 X PH X V;(C H - c 3 ) X K - PO, (5.15) r.n;e H - BbICOTa OT 3eMJII1 ,LJ:O YCTbR B€HTHJI5IIJ,HOHHOH maXTbI (M), h - BbICOTa OT 3eMJIH ,n;0 Bepxa OKHa paCq€THOrO 3Ta)£ffi (M), PH' PB - nJIOTHOCTb COOTBeTCTBeHHo HapY:>KHOrO H BHYTpeHHero B03,rr,yxa (Kr / M 3 ), 353 P = 273 + t' (5.16) 9,81 - YCKopeHHe cBo6o,LJ:HOrO IIa,i];eHH5f (M/C 2 ), C H = 0,8, C 3 = -0,6 - a3po,II,HHa- MHqeCKIIe K03<p<pHII,MeHTbI 06TeKaIIHR 3,II,aIIH5I, K - K03<P<PI1lJ,HeHT, yqIfTbIBalOII{MH H3MeHeHMe CKOpOCTHoro ....'J,aB.J'IeHH5I BeTpa IIO BblCOTe 3.n;aHHR (Ta6JI. 5.4). Ta6J1HQa 5.4 3HaqeHll.H K03<P<PIIU;l:IeHTa K B 3aBHCHMOCTM OT TMna MeCTHOCTII H BblCOTbI 3,lJ,aHII.H KaK BH/J,HO H3 Ta6JIIIII,bI, HaH6oJIbllI€ii B03,,'J,yXOlIpOHMl{aeMOCTblO XapaKT€pH3YIOTC5I OKHa. ITo 3HaqeHH5IM G M , npl1Be,LJ,eHHbIM B Ta6JI. 5.3, MO)KHO onpe,LJ,€JIHTb Tpe6yeMoe co- npOTHBJIeHHe B03,11,yxorrpOHHII,aHHIO OKOH Rw: K03<P<PIIU;MeHT K ,lI.JI.H THnOB MeCTHOCTH BbICOTa 3.n;aHH.H OT OTKpblThIe ropo.n;CKHe 3eMJIII Ha6epe)KHbIe MopeH, TeppllTopIIll, JIeCHbI€ ropO,lJ,CKIIe C ,LI,O ypOBHH 3aCTpOllKOll KapHll3a, M 03ep, Bo.n;oxpaHHJIlIIll" MaCCHBbI H ,lJ,pyrHe 3 aHIIRMl:I BblCOTOll rrYCTbIHll, CTenell, MeCTHOCTII C 20-30 M JleCOCTerrell, TYH.n;pbI 3acTpoHKOH 10-1S M :;;;S 0,75 0,5 0,4 10 1,0 0,65 0,4 20 1,25 0,85 0,55 40 1,5 1,1 0,8 60 1,7 1,3 1,0 1 ( tl ) 0.67 Rw = - X M 2 .q.][a/Kr, G w tlpo r,n:e tlp - pa3HOCTb ,Il,aBJ'IeHlIM B03.L\)Txa Ha HapY)KHOU H BHYTpeHHeH nOBepXHOCTHX OKHa (ITa), (5.12) Po - YCJIOBHO-nOCTORHHoe ,n:aBJI€HH€ B03,llj'xa B 3.n;aHHH (ITa). ITpH C6aJIaHCI1pOBaHHon BeHTIIJI5IIJ,HH MJIH npM OTCYTCTBI1H opraHM30BaHHoii BeH- TlIJI5IUI1H Po rrpHHHMaIOT paBHbIM HaH60JIbllIeMY II36bITOqHOMY ,LI,aB.i'I€HHID B B€pXHen TOqK€ 3aBeTpeHHOH CTOpOHbI 3.n;aHH5I: tlp = 0,55 x H (I'ext - l'int) + 0,03 x fext x v 2 . (5.13) Po = 0,5H(PH - PB) + 0,25v;PH(C EI - c 3 )K. (5.17)
b f' '" "" i 1/""" I'" '''''' """ '" .., I" ., "'I"."" J, ""fl "" '" "" .,,,;, 1/""" I'" "" ". '''',,'' ." p' , "'1''' ",'d, '''''' "". '" "', "" i, .d ITo MH€Hl'IIO aBTopa, HCIIOJIb30BaHlie B paeq€TaX 3HaqeHllSI yeJIOBHO-rrOCTO.SIHHO- ro ,n;aBJIeHH.SI B 3)1aHllH He Bcer,l],a KoppeKTHO, rrOCKOJIbKY B H€KOTOPbIX eJIyqa.SIX 3TO rrpHBO)1HT K cPopMaJIbHOMY HapYllIeHHIO 6aJIaHCa HHcPHJIbTpaII,HH H 3KCcPHJIbTpal llll B03,II,yxa Ha HaBeTpeHHoit cTopoHe 3)1aHH.SI. TIpHMep 5.2. PaCqeT pacxo,n;a TelIJIOTbI Ha HarpeB llHcPHJIbTpYIOIIJ,eroc.SI B03,II,yxa B rro- Mern.eHH.SIX TpeX3Ta)KHOH llIKOJIbl, paccMOTpeHHoit B rrpHMepe 5.1. Pa3pe3 3,l],aHH.SI ,il,aH Ha pHe. 5.6. 1. Onpe,lJ,eJIeHHe Tpe6yeMoro corrpOTHBJIeHH.SI B03,II,yxorrpOHHII,aHHro RM no cPOPMY- JIaM (5.12), (5.13) H (5.14). 'YH = 3463 = 1437 H/M 3 . 273 + (-32)' , 3463 = 1190 H / M 3 . 'YB = 273 + 18' , p = 0,55 x 12,0 (14,37 - 11,90) + 0,03 x 14,37 x 6 2 = 31,8 ITa. I1pH HopMaTHBHoH BeJIHqHHe B03,II,yxonpOHIIII,aHll.SI OKOH G M = 6 Kr/(M 2 .q) (Ta6JI. 5.3), ,II,JI.SI OKOH Bcex 3Ta)Keii npeBblllIeH HopMaTHB G M = 6 Kr/(M 2 'Q), II03TOMY npll paCqeTe QM ,n;JI.SI Beex OKOH 6Y,il,eT rrpHH.SITO G M = 6 Krj(M 2 .q). 4. PaCqeT nOTepb TerrJIOTbI Ha HarpeBaHlle IIHqmJIbTpyro:w;eroeH B03.rryxa IIO <pop- MY '1e (5.11). QM = 0,278 x 6 x 1,005 x 1,5 x 2[(18 - (-32)] x 0,8 = 201 BT. 1 ( 318 ) °'67 RM = "6 x 16- = 0,36 M 2 .q/Kr. 2. Orrpe,il,eJIeHIIe pa3HocTH ,lJ,aBJIeHllH rro <popMYJIaM (5.15) II (5.16). i-it 3Ta)K: t'J' -...... II CIQ" ::t:: " ......... .c:: I.r) ...... /I C'\j" .c:: II <'\i PIfC. 5.6. Pa3pe3 3.n;aHH}I lllKOJIhI p = 9,8(12 - 2,7)(1,465 - 1,213) + 0,5 x 1,465 x 6 2 [0,8 - (-0,6)] x 0,85 = 54,4 ITa, r,l],e 353 / 3 PH = ( ) = 1,465 Kr M ; 273 - -32 353 PB = = 1,213 Kr/M3; 273 + 18 2-ii 3Ta)K: p = 9,8(12 - 5,7)(1,465 - 1,213) + 0,5 x 1,465 x 6 2 [0,8 - (-0,6)] x 0,85 = 47.0 ITa; 3- it 3Ta)K: p = 9,8(12 - 8,7)(1,465 - 1,213) + 0,5 x 1,465 x 6 2 [0,8 - (-0,6)] x 0,85 = 39,5 IIa. 3. Onpe,il,eJIeHH€ B03,II,yxorrpOHllII,aeMOCTII OKOH. I-H 3Ta)K: G M = (54,4/10)°,67 = 8 7 Kr/(M 2 .Q)' 0,36 ' , 2-fi 3Ta)K: G - (47,0/10)°,67 = 7 8 /( 2. ) . M- ,KrMQ, 0,36 3-it 3Ta)K: G - (39,5/10)°,67 = 7 0 /( 2. ) M - , Kr M q. 0,36 3779
r l1ABA 6 COCTaBllRIOL1J.ille Ten1l0BOrO 6allaHCa nOMew.eH rpa>KAaHCK X o6 ecTBeHHblx 3AaH IIOJIHble TerrJIOrrocTyrrJIeHIUI B rrOMem;eHIIe (BT) MO)KHO BbIpa3I1Tb CYMMOll: L QnOCT = Q.JI + QOCB + Qc.o. + Qc.p. + QT.O. + Q3 + QnOB - Qm, r,rl,e Q.JI - TerrJIOrrocTymleHII5I OT JIIO));ell, HaXO 5Im;IIXC5I B rrOMem;eHIIII; QOCB - Terr- JIOrrOCTYIIJIeHII5I OT IICKYCCTBeHHoro OCBem;eHII5I; Q c.o. - TerrJIOrrocTyrrJIeHII5I OT OTO- rrIlTeJIbHbIX rrpIl6opOB CIICTeMbI OTOrrJIeHII.5I (B XOJIO,[l,HbIll rrepIlO)); rO 1J,a); eCJIII CIICTeMa 060PY));OBaHa TepMOCTaTIIqeCKIIMII BeHTIIJI.5IMII, TerrJIOIIocTyrrJIeHII5I OT CilCTeMbI OTOII- JleHII.5I IIPII paC"IeTe BeHTIIJI.5IUIIII II KB He Y"IIITbIBaIOT; Qc.p - TerrJIOrrocTyrrJIeHII5I OT COJIHeqHOH pa,LI,IIau.llil (B TerrJIbIH II rrepeXO,II,HbIH rrepIIO));bI ro));a). BeJIII"IIIHY Qc.P. paCC"IIITbIBaroT TOJlbKO ));JI51 TerrJIoro IIepllo,EJ,a; rrOJIY"IeHHOe 3HaT.J.eHlIe CrrpaBe,[l,JIlIBO II ));JI5I rrepeXO,Ll,HOrO rrepIIO,LJ,a (1I3-3a YBeJIIIqCHII5I KocilHyea yrJIa rra));eHII5I COJIHeT.J.HbIX JIY"Iell npil 06m;eM CHII)KeHilil pa,LJ,HaI IIII). QT.O. - TerrJIOrrocTymleHII5I OT TCXHO.l0- rII"IeCKOrO o60py,lJ,OBaHII5I, pacrrOJIO)KeHHOrO B rroMem;eHIIII; Q3 _.0 TeIIJIOIIocTyruleHII5I OT 3JIeKTpOrrOTpe6,TI51IOm;erO 060pYLI,OBaHII.5I; QnoB- TeIIJIOrrocTYIIJIeHII5I OT HarpeTblx rrOBepxHocTeH 060py,II.OBaHII5I, rOp5l"Iell rrIIIIUI rOp5lT.J.eH BOlIbI II IIpO"Iero: QTn TerrJIO- Bble rroTepil rroMem;eHII.5I, YQIITblBaervlble 06bIqHO B XOJIO));HbIllll rrepeXO));HbIll rrepIIO)"J,bI. 6.1. TerrJIOTa, BbI));eJI5IeMa.51 .JIro));bMII, IIocTyrraeT B BH));e 5IBHOH II CKpblTOH COCTaB- .JI5IIOIU.IIX II 3aBlICIIT OT T5I)KeCTH pa6oTbI, BbIIIO.JIH5IeMOH .JI1O));bMII, II TeMIIepaTypbI B03,LJ,yxa B IIOMem;eHilil (IIpII.JI. 20). KOJIlI"IeCTBO 5IBHOH TeTIJIOTbl (BT): (6.1) Q5f. = L qH . n. (6.2) KOJIH"IeCTBO IIOJIHOH TeIIJIOTbI (BT): Qn = Lqn .n, (6.3) r,LJ,e n - qIlCJIO JIlO eH. 6.2. KOJIIIT.J.eCTBO TerrJIOTbI, IIocTynarom;e:M OT IICTO"IHIIKOB IIcKyceTBeHHoro OCBe- m;eIIII.5I, onpe,Ll,eJI.5IIOT II3 YC.JIOBli.51 rrpeo6pa30BaHM.5I ::meprHM, 3aTpaQIlBaeMOll Ha OCBe- m;eHlIe, B TeIIJIOTY, HarpeBalO:ru.yro B03JJ,yX IIOMem;emrn: QOCB = E . F . qOCB . T/OCB' (6.4) r));e E ypOBeHb oCBelu.eHHOCTIJ (.JIK), npIIHMMaeMblH no npIIJI. 17; F - IIJIOm;a));b nOJIa rrOMem;eHll51 (M 2 ); qOCB - y));eJIbHble TeIIJIOBbI));eJleHII.5I (BT / (M 2 . JIK) ), rrpIlHHMaeMbIe rro npIIJI. 18; TJoCB - ,LI,OJI.5I TeII.JIOTbI, nocTynarom;en B nOMem,eHlIe. {f I t J'I; , JI ; & d : '-1 Cuer" n h '" H "'( '" "",,,. 100"'0 6""", en "0. '" "!' '" ni IIpIi paCIIOJIO)KeHilil llCTO"IHIIKOB CBeTa B rrorvlem;eHilil 'fJoCB = ]; BHe npe));eJIOB IIO- Mem;eHII.5I (B T.J.ep));a"IHOM nOMeIII;eHIIII 3a CTeKJI.5IHHOH cTeHoH): 0,45 - npH JIIOMilHec- u;eHTHbIX JIaMnax Ii 0.15 - npli .JIarvmax HaKaJIIiBaHH5I. 6.3. TerrJIOnocTynJIeHII5I OT OTOnIITe.JIMlbIX IIpII6opOB CilCTeMbJ OTOrrJIeHII.5I paCC"IH- TbIBaIOT ));.JI.5I nOMem;eHIIll C rrOCTO.5lHHO pa6oTarom;eH CilCTeMOH OTOn.JIeHIi:H Ii BeHTIIJI51- mIll (KOH,JJ,IIU.I10HIIpOBaHH.5I) B03,IJ,yxa. B pe)KIIMe BeHTII -:r5lU.HH: t - t Qeo_ = Q cp.on. B.BeRT Tn t cp . on . - t B . or . ' (6.5) B pe)KHMe KOH,lJ,IIUHOHIIpOBaHII.5I: Q = Q tcp.on. - tonT C.u. Tn t _ t ' cp.orr. B.OT. (6.6) r,lJ,e QTn - CYMMapHbJe nOTepH TenJIOTbI nOMem;eHHeM, paCCQHTaHHbIe npIi TeMIIepaTY- pe, nOMep)KIIBaeMOH ClieTeMOH OTOrr.JIeHlm; t cp . orr . - cpe)J,H.5I.5I TeMnepaTypa nOBepX- HOCTII OTOnHTeJIbHblX npIl60pOB (OC); t cp . orr _ t r -r- to (6.7) 2 t r , to - TeMIIepaTypbJ TenJIOHOCIiTeJI.5I COOTBeTCTBeHHO B nOLI,aIOIII;eM II 06paTHOM TPy- 60npOBO)J,aX CHCTeMbI OTOn.JIeHIi:H (OC); t B . OT . - TeMnepaTypa B03,IIyXa B nOMenJ,eHHH, npHHHMaeMMJ npll paC"IeTe CHCTeMbI OTOIIJIeHII.5I (OC); tB.BeRT - TeMnepaTypa B03- ));yxa B nOMem;eHIIII, npIlHilMaervIa:H npH paC"IeTe CHCTeMbI BeHTIIJI:HU;HIi (OC); t OIIT - TeMnepaTypa B03,lJ,yXa B nOMeJu;eHIIII, IIpIIHHMaeMa.51 IIPH paCqeTe CHCTeMbI KOH));HU.II- OHHpOBaHII5I (OC). ECJ I1 OTOIIHTeJIbHbIe npH60pbI 060pY));OBaHbI TepMOCTaTII"IeCKHMH BeHTH.JI5IMH II t B . OT . < tB.BeHT, TO nocTynJIeHMe Ten.JIOTbI OT CHCTeMbI OTOII.JIeHH:H He Y"IHTbIBaroT. 6.4. IIocTynJIeHII.5I TeII.JIOTbI T.J.epe3 orpa)K));eHH5I OT COJIHeT.J.HOH pa,Ll,IIau.IIll paCC"III- TbIBalOT B TenJIhIH II nepeXO,IJ,HbJH nepnO)J,bI rO)J,a IIO MeTO,IJ,HKe, 1I3JIO)KeHHO:M B rJIa- Bax 19 H 24. 6.5. TenJIOnocTYII.JIeHII.5I OT TeXHmIOrH"IeCKOrO o6opy)J,oBaHM.5I KYXOHb orrpe,LJ,eJI.5IIOT no MeTO,lJ,IIKe, npIIBe,IJ,eHHOH B DJaBe 24. 6.6. IIocTyrrJIeHHe TemIOTbl OT OCTbIBaHII.5I rOp5l"IeH rrHIll,H (BT): KO.JIII"IeCTBO :HBHOH TenJIOTbI Q5f. = qrr X C n (t RIl - t Krr ) x n 3,6 x Zn (6.8) r,n:e qrr - CpC)J,H.5I5I Macca Bcex 6.TIIO));, npIIxo,lJ,5IIII;IIXt:5J Ha O.II.HOro 06e));alOll ero (Kr) (06blT.J.HO 0,85 Kr); C n - YC.JIOBHa5I TemIOeMKOCTh 6JIIO.II., BXO,Ll,.5Im;MX B COCTaB o6e));a (3,3 K,IJ;)K/(Kr.oC)); tHn, t Krr Ha"IaJlbHa.5lIl KOHeQHa.51 TervmepaTypa nHIlJ,I1, nocTyna- IOm;eH B 06elIeHHbIll 3aJI (IffiK rrpaBII.JIO, tHn = 70° C, t KIl = 40 0 C); Zn -.- npO));O.JI)KII- TeJIbHOCTb npIIeMa nHm;H O,lJ,HIiM lIoCeTHTeJIeM, 3aBHc.5IIlJ,a.51 OT Ha3Ha"IeHlI.5I 06e));eHHOrO 3aJIa: lJ,JI.5I pecTopaHoB Zn = 1 T.J., lIJI5I CTOJIOBblX ZII = 0,5...0,75 'I, .II.JI51 CTO.JIOBbIX caMo06cny)KHBaHII.5I Zrr = 0,3 T.J.; n qIiCJIO nOCeTlITeJIen B 06e,LJ,eHHOM 3aJIe. KOJIH"IeCTBO nO.'lHOll Ten.JIOTbJ Qrr = 2Q5f.' (6.9)
K 36. f. /f/hU fl. ('"I"fI/I/I, U/liI'IIUI lf/t 11./"/;0-''' (II! ii/I"') IIU',/I IUII:/J!I 6.7. T€IIJIOIIOCTYIIJI€HllR OT Harp€TbIX IIoBepxHocTell (BT) Qnon = 0:0 . F (tn - in) , (6.10) r,n;€ F - IIJIOm;a,n;b HarpeToll IIOB€PXHOCTH (M 2 ); in - T€Mn€paTypa B03,nyxa B IIOMe- :rn;eHllH (OC); t n - TeMIIepaTypa Harp€TOll nOB€pXHOCTH (OC); 0:0 - K03cPcPHU;H€HT T€nJIOOT.n:a H (BT/(M 2 .0C)); 0:0 = 11,6.JV, (6.11) r,n;e V - CKOpOCTb ,n;BH:>KeHHR B03,nyxa OKOJIO YKPbITHll (M/C). 6.8. T€IIJIOnocTynJIeHHR OT rrepCOHaJIbHbIX KOMIIblOTepOB H 6bITOBbIX 3JI€KTpWle- CKHX IIpH6opOB (3JIeKTpOHarpeBaT€JIell, 3JI€KTpOYTlOrOB, cyrnHJIOK H T. n.). IIocTynJI€HH5I T€rrJIOTbI OT IIOCT05lHHO BKJIlOq€HHbIX KOMnbIDT€pOB, OCHam;eHHbIX MOHHTOpOM C 3JIeKTpOHHO-JIy eBoll Tpy6KOll, COCTaBJI5IIDT 250 . . . 300 BT, :>KH,D;KOKPH- CTaJIJIHq€CKHM MOHHTOpOM - 200. ..250 BT. IIpH qHCJIe KOMnbIDTepOB B rrOMellJ,eHHM 6oJI€e 10 lliTYK BBO,n;51T K03cPcPHU;H€HT O)J;HOBpeMeHHOCTH pa60TbI Ko)J, = 0,8. IIoeTYIIJIeHH5I T€IIJIOTbI OT IIOCT05lHHO BKJIlOqeHHbIX rrpH6opOB: Q3 = N 3 X TJ9, (6.12) r,n;€ N 3 - 3JI€KTpHqeCKa51 MO:rn;HOCTb npH60pa (BT); TJ3 - K03cPcPRIJ,HeHT, yqHTbIBalO- IlI,Hll )J;OJIIO T€IIJIOTbI, rrocTynalOm;€ll B nOMe:rn;eHH€. ECJIH IIPH60p Haxo,n;IITC5I B nOM€m;€HIIIi 6€3 YKPbITII5I, TJ = 1; rrpH YCTpOlleTBe CIIeU;lIaJIbHbIX YKPbITHll C OTBO,n;OM OT HllX B03.rryxa TJ = 0,6. . .0,2. 6.9. IIOT€pH T€IIJIOTbI qep€3 HapY:>KHbI€ Orpa €HH5I nYT€M T€IIJIOIIep€,n;a 1I npli pa60T€ B€HTHJI5IU;lUI H KOH,lI,IIU.HOHHpOBaHII5I B03.rryxa: IIPIi BeHTHJI5IU;HII ""'" in - i H .5 QnoT.n. = LQnOT' i - t ' n.o. H.5 (6.13) IIPIl KOH,II;HlJ,IIOHllpOBaHIIH ""'" t nT - t H .5 QnOT.K. = L QnoT . t - i n.o. H.5 (6.14) r,n;e I: QnoT - B€JIHqIIHa TeIIJIOIIOTepb nOM€llJ,€HH€M, paCCqlITaHHbIX IIPH pa60T€ CH- CT€MbI OTOIIJI€HH5I (BT); t n - Te m€paTypa B03,.nyxa B IIOMellJ,€HHH npH paCq€T€ BeH- THJI5IlJ,HH (OC); t nT - OnTHMaJIbHa51 T€Mn€paTypa B03.rryxa npH paCqeTe KOHfJ:HUHo- HHpOBaHHH (OC); i H .5 - TeMnepaTypa HapY:>KHOrO B03.rryxa IIPH paC €T€ OTOIIJI€HHH B XOJIO,LJ;HbIll nepHO,n; (OC); t n . o . - TeMIIepaTypa B03,.nyxa B nOMem;eHHH IIPH paCq€Te OTOrrJI€HII5I. IIpHMep 6.1. PaCq€T T€rrJIOBOrO 6a.rraHca nOM€m;€HHH yqe6HOrO KJIaCCa 110 YCJIOBH- HM npHMepa H3 rJIaBbI 5. B KJIaCCe HaXO,LJ;51TCH 24 y €HHKa (JIerKa51 pa6oTa) H o,LJ:Ha y llTeJIbHHIJ,a (pa6oTa cpe,n;H€ll TR:>K€CTH). IIoTepH TenJIOTbI, BKJIIO a51 3aTpaTbI Ha Ha- rpeB HHcPIIJIbTpYIOm;€rOCR B03.rryxa, COCTaBHJIH 3100 BT IIPH BHYTpeHHell TeMrr€paTYp€ in = 18° C. 1. Orrpe,n;€JIeHH€ napaM€TpOB HapY:>KHOrO II BHYTpeHH€rO B03,.nyxa C rrpHM€HeHHeM i-d-,n;HarpaMMbI II [26]. , t i 1 1 ( ',.. ""'" '" '" "'.W "",," "" <co ,., '" "n, "n ", ,,'.' ",,", .d Ta6JIHu;a 6.1 ITapaMeTpbI HapY>KHOrO B03.n.yxa. PaC'IeTHble ITapaMeTpbI A ITapaMeTpbI B rrepHO.IJ:bI tH,OC I i H , d H1 I HI % tH.oC i H , dH, P6ap, KITa K,lJ,>K/Kr r/Kr K,Ll,>K / Kr r/Kr H, % TIT 21,2 50,5 11,2 72 - - 99,5 ITY 10,0 26,5 6,6 84 10 26,5 6,6 84 99,5 XIT - - - -32 -31,6 0,3 85 99,5 Ta6JIHu;a 6.2 I1apaMeTpbJ BHYTpeHHero B03.n.yxa PaCqeTHbIe ,Ll,orrycTllMbIe YClIOBIlH I1pHHliMaeMbIe 3HaqeHHR rrepHo)J,bI tB,OC B, % VB, M/C tB,OC B' % Ve, M/C TIT tH,A + 3 = 24,2 ::;; 65 ::;; 0,5 24 < 65 < 0,5 ITY 18-23 ::;; 60 ::;;0,3 20 < 60 < 0,3 xrr 1823 ::;; 60 ::;; 0,3 20 < 60 < 0,3 ITpllMeqaHHe. IT.?Mern;eHllH, B KOTOpbIX JIIO)J,H 3aHHTbI YMCTBeHHbIM TPY)J,OM, yqe60iI, OTHOCHTCH K rrOMern;eHllRM 2-H KaTerOpHll (rrpHJI. 2). 2. Orrpe.n.eJI€HH€ nOCTYIIJI€HHll T€IIJIOTbI. 2.1. IIocTYIIJIeHHe T€rrJIOTbI OT JIIO,n;€M. T€rrJIbIll rr€pHO,n;: t B = 24° C (rrpIIJI. 20). KOJIIIq€CTBO RBHOM T€nJIOTbI: QR = 24 X 72 X 0,75 + 1 X 77 X 0,85 = 1360 BT. KOJIH €CTBO rrOJIHOll TenJIOTbI: Qn = 24 X 146 X 0,75 + 1 X 210 X 0,85 = 2800 BT. XOJ'10,LI,HbIll II rrep€XO,LI,HbIll n€pHO,LI,bI, t B = 20° C (rrpHJI. 20). KOJIHqeCTBO 51BHOll TerrJIOTbI: QJi = 24 X 100 X 0,75 + 1 X 105 X 0,85 = 1890 BT. KOJIH €CTBO IIOJIHOll TenJIOTbI: Qn = 24 X 150 X 0,75 + 1 X 205 X 0,85 = 2875 BT. 2.2. IIoeTynJI€HHe TenJIOTbI OT IIeK Y CCTBeHHor o OCB€IIJ.€H Uc::r H.I1 JIIOMHHeCI1,€HTHbIMH JIaMrraMH. YpOBeHb OCBem;eHHOCTH KJIaCca: E = 300 JIK (rrpHJI. 17). IIJIom;a,II,b rrOJIa: F = 9,4 X 5,4 = 50,8 M 2 . Y,n;€JIbHbI€ rroeTynJI€HHH TerrJIa qOCB = 0,058 (rrpIiJI. 18), Qocn = 300 X 50,8 X 0,058 = 880 BT. 2.3. TeIIJIOnocTYIIJIeHH5I OT CnCT€MbI OTOIIJI€HH5I IIPH t n = 20° C: 82,5 - 20 Qc.o. = 3100 82 = 3005 BT ,5-18 ' r,n;€ ton = (95 + 70)/2 = 82,5° C CP€,n;HH5I T€Mn€paTypa IIOBepXHoeTH OTOnHTeJIbHbIX rrpH6opOB. 2.4. IIOCTYIIJI€HH€ T€nJIOTbI OT COJIHe HOll pa,II,HaU;HH (M€TO,LI;JIKa pacq€m 1I3JIO:>K€Ha B rJIaBax 19 H 24). Qc.p. = 1020 BT. 2.5. ITOT€PH TeIIJIOTbI nOMem;€HH€M npn t n = 20° C.
b, 1: Inh" b. ('",. mn" '"''>I''.''' """uo,;o,,, n.u"",'" "v. H' "" n"" XOJIO));HbIn II€PllO)J,: 20 - ( -32) Q B = 3100 = 3225 BT. Tn 18 - ( -32) I1€peXO)..!,HbI€ YCJIOBll.H: 20 - 10 Q B = 3100 ) = 620 BT. Tn 18 - ( -32 2.6. IIocTynJI€Hll€ T€IIJIOTbI OT II€pCOHaJIhHbIX KOMilbIOT€POB (12 liT.). K03<pqmIJ;M€HT O));HOBP€M€HHOCTII pa60TbI Koll. = 1. KOMilblOT€PbI OCHaIll,€HhI 3JI€KTPOHHO-JIY'Lf€BbIMII MOHllTopaMll: QTex = 250 X N = 250 X 12 = 3000 BT. Ta6JIR a 6.3 TenJIoBoH 6a.rraHc nOMemeHIUI Ib6bITOK TenJIoHa- TeITJIOITOcTYITneHH , BT np .>KeH- QTn, TeITJIOTbI, TIepHo,n:bI Bcero BT BT HOCTb ro,n;a OT mO)J:eH QOCB Qc.p. Qc.o. QTex Q5IjV, Q5I Qn Q5I Qn Q5I Qn BT/ M 3 TIT 1360 2800 - 1020 - 3000 5380 6820 - 5380 6820 36 TIY 1890 2875 - 1020 - 3000 5910 6895 620 5290 6275 35 XIT 1890 2875 880 - 3005 3000 8775 9760 3223 5550 6535 37 rllABA 7 nocryn/leHIi1f1 B/larli1 B nOMeLJ.J.eHIi1f1 BO,II,.HHble IIapbI IIOCTYIIaIOT B IIOM€U eHll.H OT JIIO)..!,€n, 6bITOBbIX rrpll60pOB, T€XHOJIO- rlf'LfeCKOrO 060PY));OBaHll.H, rOp.H'I€H IIIlIIJ;U, CMOq€HHbIX IIOB€PXHOCT€n orpa}f()J;aIOIIJ,IlX KOHCTPYKIl,IlH (BaHH, Mill€n, IIpaq€qHbIX) II e OTKpbITbIX IIOB€PXHOCT€n. 7.1. KOJIWI€CTBO BJrarII, nOCTYIIaIOIIJ,€n OT JIIO,II,€n (Kr/'Lf), 3aBIICIIT OT T€MII€paTypbI B03)Iyxa B IIOM€m;€HHII II CT€II€HII T.H)K€CTII pa60TbI: W BJI = m . n, (7.1) r)J,€ m - KOJIH'Lf€CTBO BJIarH (Kr/q), BbIlI,€JI.H€MO€ O));HHM q€JIOB€KOM (IIPHJI. 20), n _ qUCJIO JIIO));€H B rrOM€IIJ;€HHII. B IIpllJIO)K€Hllli 20 )..!,ano KOJUIqeCTBO BJrarll, BbI));€JI.H€l\m€ B3pOCJlbIMII MY)K"IIIHaMII. )K€Hll HHbI BbI,LI:emllOT 85%, a .LI,€Tll 75% OT YKa3aHHhIX 3HaqenIIH. 7.2. I1oerYIIJIeHll.H BJIarH 0'1' rOp.Hq€H IIllIIJ,H (Kr / 'I) : ]vI _ k x 3,6 X QnoJI.r.n. BJI - 2500 + 1,8 . t B ' (7.2) I r,LI:€ QnoJI.r.n. IIOCTYIIJI€HII€ rrommH T€IIJIOThI OT rOp.H'I€H IIIIIll,II (BT); k = 0,34 __ K03<P<P H Il,H€HT, Y"IIIThIBalOm;IlH )KIIpOBYIO IIJI€HKY Ha rrOB€pXHOCTH IIllm;H; t B -- T€MII€- paTypa B03,rryxa B IIOl\'1eIll,€Hllli (OC). 7.3. I10CTYIIJI€HH.H BJIaf'TI 0'1' TeXHOJIOrU"I€CKOrO 060PY));OBaHH.H rOp.H'IHX Il,€XOB. lIocTyrrJI€HH.H BJIarH 0'1' o6opy)..!,oBaHH.H, OCHaII eHHoro rrpHTO'IHO-BhIT.H)KHbIMH JIO- KaJIIl3YIOIIJ;HMII YCTpoHcTBaMH (lIB.TlY) (n.-IIIT, CKOBOPO));, KOTJIOB II ,Lij).), H€ Y'IHThIBa- lOT. BbI));€JI€HH.H BJIarH H€MO.rryJIllpOBaHHhIM 060PY,LI:OBaHll€M 6€3 lIBJIY II T€IIJIOBbIM o6opy.n:OBaHll€M, YCTaHOBJI€HHbIM B pa3,l.1,aTO"IHOM IIPO€M€, ,l.I,aHhI HII)K€. BhI));€JI€HII€ BJIarR O,l.l,HIIM BapO'IHbI1vI KOTJIOM 06'b€MOM 40 JI COCTaBJm€T 3 Kr/'I, 60 .II - 5 Kr / "I, 125 .11- 10 Kr / 'I. BJIarOBhI,l.l,€JI€Hll.H C IIOB€pXHocTei1: T€IIJIOBOH CTOHKII II MapMIITa paBIIhJ 0,7 Kr/(Q'M 2 ). lIpH pa60T€ 0AHoro BapO'IHOrO KOTJIa K03<P<PHIl,II€HT 3arpY3KH k3 = 0,3, IIPH HCIIOJIh30BaHIIII H€CKOJIbKHX KOTJIOB BBO,II,.HT K03<P<PIIIl,U€HT O,II,HOBP€M€HHOH pa60ThI Ku = 0,7. 7.4. lIOCTYIIJI€HII.H BJIarII 0'1' OTKpbITOH IIOB€PXHOCTll BO));bI (Kr / "I): I F Af BJI = 7,4(a + 0,017. V B )(p2 - pI) . 101,3-, P6 (7.3) r)J,€ a - <paKTop CKOpOCTII ));BR)K€HII.H B03 xa 1I0)); BJIll.HHII€M rpaBII'TaIl,HOHHbIX eUJI, 3aBIIC.HIII;Hn OT T€MIIepaTyphI IIOB€PXHOCTII BO));!>L HII)K€ ));aHbI 3Ha"I€HII.H a .IJ;JI.H B03.rryxa IIplI T€MII€paTYP€ rrOB€pXHOCTII BO,lJ,hI OT 18 ,lJ,O 100 0 C. 40, f'lllhll t', /f')f '!,I/Ii /fHIJH h.Ui"U " !I(,"', Il ' IIU}I TeMIIepaTypa IIOBepXHOCTH MeHee 30 30...40 40...50 50.. .60 60.. .70 70...80 80.. .90 90 . .. 100 BO).!;bl, °C (}>aKTop 0,022 0,028 0,033 0,037 0,041 0,046 0,051 0,06 CKOpOCTH, a VB - CKOpOCTb ,n;BlDKeHH5r B03AYxa Ha,n; rrOBepXHOCTbIO HCrrapeHH5r (M/C); P2 - rrap- IJ,HaJIbHOe ,n;aBneHHe HaCblru;€HHOrO BO,n;5rHOrO rrapa (KITa) npH 3a,n:aHHOll TeMnepaType rrOBepxHocTH BO,n:bI, orrpe,n:en5reMOe no <popMYJIe cI>HJIbHe5r: 156+8.12xt P2 = 0,1333 x 10 236+t PI - napIJ,HaJIbHOe ,n:aBneHHe BO,II,.HHOrO napa B B03.IJ,yxe rrOMeru;eHH5r (KITa): PI = !.pB X PHac, PHac - rrapUllaJIbHO€ ,lI,aBneHHe HaCbIIIIeHHoro BOMHoro rrapa rrpH TeMrrepaType BHYT- peHHero B03AYxa; F - rrnoru;a,n:b rrOBepXHOCTH llcrrapeHH.H (M 2 ); P6 - paCqeTHO€ 6a- pOMeTpHqeCKOe ,n;aBneHHe, xapaKTepHoe ,n;n5r ,n;aHHoll MeCTHOCTH (KITa). ITpH HeH3MeHHOll TeMrrepaType HenO H.>KHOii BO,II,bI TeMrrepaTYPY rrOBepXHoeTH ee HenapeHH.H rrpHHHMalOT no CJI€,nyIOru;IIM ,n;aHHbIM: TeMnepaTypa BO).l;bI, °C 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 TeMnepaTypa nOBepXHOCTH HcnapeHH}I, °C 18 28 37 45 51 58 69 82 97 ITpII rrepeMeIIIHBaHHH BO,II,bI TeMnepaTYPY nOB€pXHOCTH ee HerrapeHHH IIpHHllMaIOT paBHoH cpe,lI,Heii TeMrrepa Type BO,lI,bl. 7.5. KOnHqeCTBO BnarH, HClIapSlIOru;ellcSI co eMOqeHHbIX 1I0BepxHocTeii orpa)K,n:eHH.H 3,n;aHH5r II 06opy,n;oBaHH5r, MO.>KHO onpe.rr,enHTb no <popMyn€ (7.3) IIPH a = 0,031. 7.6. KOJIWI€CTBO BJIarll, HcnapSlIOIIIeHcH co CMOqeHHOll nOBepXHOCTH IIOJIa (Krjq), MO)KHO OlIpe,n:enHTb IIO npH6JIII.>KeHHOH <popMYJIe: MB:JJ = 4,2 . M . (t H - t K ) . r, (7.4) r,n:e M - KOJIH'tJeCTBO BO,II,bI, eTeKaIOIIJ,ell Ha nOJI (Kr j q); t H , t K - COOTBeTCTBeIllIO Ha'tJaJIbHoe 11 KOHeqHOe 3HaqeHIISI TeMlIepaTypbI BO,lI,bI (OC); r = 2500 K,lJ,)K/Kr Y,lI,enbHaSl TenJIOTa nap006p8.30BaHH5r BO,1]..bl. 7.7. Konn-qecTBo BnarH, HcnapSlIOru;eiic.H C MOKpOH IIOB€PXHOCTH 1I0na. ECJIH BJIara Haxo,n;HTeSl Ha IIOBepXHOCTH IIOJIa B TeqeHHe ,n:JIHTeJIbHoro BpeMeHU, ee HenapSlIOIIIeeC5r KOJIHqeeTBO (r /'tJ) OlIpe,II,en5rIOT no npU6JII1)K€HHOH <poprvIYJIe: MB:JJ.n:JJ. (6 -;- 6,5)(t B - t M ) . F, (7.5) r,n;e t B , t M - TeMIIepaTypa B03,nyxa B IIOMell eHHH eOOTBeTCTBeHHO IIO CYXOMY H no MOKPOMY TepMOMeTpaM (OC); F - nnoru;a)J;b nOBepXHOC'TH IIOJIa (M 2 ). 7.8. KOJIHqeCTBO BJIarH, HCnapSlIOIIJ,eHC.H C nOBepXHOCTH KUII5rru;eH BO,n;bI, COCTaBJI5r- eT npHMepHo 40 Kr / (q . M 2 ). IIpHMep 7.1. Onpe.rr,eJIeHH€ nocTynJIeHHSI BJIarn OT JIIo,n:eM, HaXO,1]..Slru;HXCSI B yqe6HOM KJIaCCe, npll YCJIOBH.HX, yKa3aHHblx B npHMepe 6.1. 1/"", "'i' u. ,",." h """ " ""w,, (' IWR TeIIJIbIM lIepllO.n;: t B = 24°C, pa60Ta cpe,n;HeH T.H.>KeCTH mB:JJ = 176 r / ( -q . qeJI), nenffi.H pa60Ta mB:JJ = 107 r / (q . 'Ien), M = 24 x 107 x 0,75 + 176 x 1 x 0,85 = 2075 rj-q = 2,075 Kr/q; lIepeXO,II,HbIM II XOJIO,1]..HbIM nepHo.n;bI: t B = 20° C, pa60Ta epe,lI,Hell T5r)KeCTll mBJ] = 140 r / ( -q . "feJI), JIerKa5r pa60Ta mBJ] = 75 r j ( q. qen), M = 24 x 75 x 0,75 + 140 x 1 x 0,85 = 1470 r/-q = 1,47 Krjq. Pe3YJIbTaTbI paCqeTOB no rrpHMepaM 6.1 H 7.1 CBe.n;eHbI B Ta6JIIlIO' 7.1. Ta6JIul.\a 7.1 Bbl).!;eJIeHH}I TenJIOTbl l! BJIarH B nOMeIIJ.eHl!H IToMeI.U;eHlJe PaCqeTHbIM nepHO).!; QH, BT Qn, BT MB.JI, Krjq Q IT, K,1J;)K j q QnjMB.JI y qe6HbIM KJIaCC TIT 5380 6820 2.075 24550 11830 ITIT 5290 6275 1,47 22590 15370 XIT 5550 6535 1,47 23530 16000 IIpHMep 7.2. Orrpe.n;eJIeHHe KOJIH1f.eCTBa BJIarll, rroeTynalOIIJ,ell B nOMeIIJ,eHlle C OT- KpbITOH rrOBepXHOCTH HarpeToii BO,Il,bI. ITnoru;a,Il,b rrOBepXHOCTH llcrrapeHH5r F = 5,0 M 2 , TeMlIepaTypa BO)I.bJ tBO)J,bI = 36° C, IIapaM€TpbI B03AYxa BHYTpn IIOMeIIJ,eHll5r: VB = = 0,2 M/C, t B = 18° C, 'PB = 60%. PalloH CTpOHTeJIbCTBa - MOCKBa. P6 = 99,5 KITa. 1. TeMnepaTypa IIOBepXHOCTH HCIIapeHH5r t n = 33,4° C. 2. IIapIJ,HaJIbHble ,Il,aBJIeHH.H IIPH nOJIHOM HaCbIru;eHHH rrpH t n = 33,4° C II t B = = 18° C: 156 + 8,12 x 33.4 PI = 133,3 x 10 236 + 33,4 = 5136 ITa 5,14 KITa, P = 133 x 10 156 + 8,12 x 18 = 2062 ITa 2 , 06 Kii a . 2 236 + 18 IIapIJ;HaJIbHoe )I.aBJIeHlle BO,II,.HHOro lIapa B B03,IIyxe IIOMeru;eHllSl IIPH 'PB = 60% P2 = 2,06 x 0,6 = 1,24 KITa. 3. c:I>aKTop CKOpOCTH no a = 0,0256. 4. KOJIHqeCTBO BJIarH, HcrrapHBIneiic5r C IIoBepxHocTH: I 101,3 M Bn = 7,4(0,0256 + 0,017 x 0,2)(5,14 - 1,24) x 5- = 0,85 Kr/'f.. 99,5 5. KOJIllqeeTBO CKpbITOH TeIIJIOTbI: QCKP = 0,85(2500 + 1,8 x 33,4)/3,6 = 604 BT. TIpHMep 7.3. OIIpe,n;eneHHe KOJIHqeCTBa BJIaI'll, HcrrapSlIOru;€iic.H co CMOqeHHOH IIO- BepXHOCTH IIOJIa IIJIOm;a,I],blO 24 M 2 IIPH TeMnepaType B03,JJ.,yxa BHYTPll IIOMellI,eHllSl t a = 20° C OTHOCMTeJlbHOii BJIa)KHOCTH 'Pa = 50%. TeMnepaTypa B03,ayxa rrOMeru;e- Hll.H, orrpe,n;eJIeHHa.H no MOKPOMY TepMOM€TPY, t MT = 13,5° C. AIM = 6,2(20 - 13,5) x 24 = 967 r/q;:::::; 0,97 Krj"f.
r llABA 8 i-d - AL-1arpaMMa BJ1a>KHOrO B03Ayxa. nOCTpoeH e OCHOBHblX npo4eccoB L-13MeHeH 11 COCT011HL-111 B03Ayxa. T enJ10BJ1a>KHOCTHOe OTHOWeHL-1e i-d-)1;HarpaMMa CB5I3blBaeT 5 napaMeTpoB BJImKHOro B03,rryxa: 3HTaJIbIIHIO, BJIaroco- ,1],ep)lffiHHe, TeMnepaTYPY, OTHOCHTeJIbHYIO BJIaMHOCTb H )1;aBJIeHHe HaCblIIJ,eHHbIX BO- ,1J,5IHbIX napOB npH 3a)1;aHHOM 6apOMeTpWIeCKOM )1;aBJIeHHH. ITpH H3BeCTHbIX )1;BYX na- paMeTpax no i-d-,II,HarpaMMe MO)KHO onpe,II,eJIHTb Bce OC'IaJIbHbIe. i-d-,1J,HarpaMMa (pllC. 8.1) nOCTpoeHa B KocoyrOJIbHOH CllCTeMe KOOplJllHaT C .o;e- JIbIO YBeJIllQeHll5I pa60qeH nJIOIIJ,a)1;ll, npHXO,1],5Iru:eHC5I Ha 06JIaCTb BJIa)KHOrO B03,rryxa II JIe)lffiIIJ,eH BblllIe JIllHHH ip = 100%. YroJI Me)K,IJ,y OC5IMH COCTaBJI5IeT OT 135 ,1J,0 150°. i-d- ,1J,llarpaMMa BJIa)KHOrO B03n;yxa 3TO OCHOBHOH llHCTpYMeHT ,1],JI5I nocTpoeHIuI npo.o;eccOB H3MeHeHll5I ero napaMeTpOB. ,II;JI5I nOCTpOeHn5I i-d-)1;narpaMMbl npHMeHeHbl CJIe,rryIOIIJ;lle ypaBHeHlliI. 9HTaJIbnH5I BJIa)KHOrO B03)Jyxa: i = 1,005 x t + (2500 + 1,8 x t) x d/1000 KlI)K/Kr, (8.1) r)1;e t - TeMnepaTypa B03AYxa (OC); d - BJIarOCO)1;ep)KaHHe B03,rryxa (r/Kr), PEn d = 622 P6ap - PBn (8.2) PBn - )J,aBJIeHHe BO,1],5IHbIX napOB (ITa), PBn = ip X PHac; (8.3) PHac - ,n:aBJIeHHe HaCbIIIJ,eHHbIX BO)J,5IHbIX napOB (ITa), ( 156+8, 12t ) P = 1 3 3 3 x 10 236+t H , , (8.4) (<I>opMYJIa <I>llJIbHe5I), <p - OTHOCHTeJIbHa5I BJIa)KHOCTb B03,rryxa (%); P6ap - 6apoMeT- pHqeCKOE' )J,aBJIeHlle (ITa), 3aBHC5IIIJ,ee OT paHoHa cTpOllTeJIbCTBa (:MocKBa - 99,5 KITa). ,II;JI5I TOqHOrO nOCTpOeHH5I npo.o;eCCOB Tpe6yeTC5I id-,II,HarpaMMa, nOCTpOeHHa5I ,II,JI5I 3a,II,aHHoro 3HaqeHH5I P6ap. OCHoBHble npo.o;eCCbl Ha i -d-)1;llarpaMMe (pHC. 8.1). 1. HarpeB B03A,vxa 6e3 H3MeHeHH5I ero BJIaroCO)1;ep)lffiHUH (d = const) Ha ,n:HarpaM- IVIe 0603HaqeH JIHHHeH 1-2. TaKoH npo.o;ecc o6pa60TKll B03,rryxa npOHCXO)1;llT B KaJIOpll- cPepe. C pOCTOM TeMnepaTypbI II 3HTaJIbnHll B03)Jyxa YMeHbllIaeTC5I ero OTHOCHTeJIb- Ha5I BJla)KHOCTb. lIun" p"""" '" """" "'., "p''',,,, me u.' '" "''','" ,.,,, W"",, "" "" "I>vu 2. Ox.i1mK)1;eHne B03,rryxa 6e3 II3MeHeHll5I ero BJIarOCOlJep)lffiHll5I (d = const) npo- llCXO)1;HT B nOBepxHocTHOM B03,rryxoOXJIa,II,llTeJIe. C YMeHbllIeHHeM TeMrrepaTypbl H 3H- TaJIbnllH YBeJIHqHBaeTC5I OTHOCHTeJIbHa5I BJIa)KHOCTb B03,rryxa (JIllHH5I 1---3). EeJIli B npo- .o;ecce OXJIa)K)1;eHH5I B03,rryxa ero OTHOellTeJIbHa5I BJIaMHOCTb YBeJIHqllTC5I )1;0 100910 (TOqKa 4), TO rrpH ,II,aJIbHeHllIeM OTBO)1;e TenJIOTbl npo.o;ecc OXJIa)K,II,eHll5I npO)1;OJI)KllT- C5I no ,JIHHlln HaCblIIJ,eHHOrO napa (npou,ecc 4-5) C YMeHbllIeHneM BJIarOCO)1;ep)lffiHH5I ( oCYllIeHlleM) B03n;yxa. B nOBepxHocTHOM B03,IIyxoOXJIa,II,HTeJIe npOl ecc 4- -5 conpo- BO)KlI,aeTC5I KOH)1;eHcau,HeH BJIarH Ha TenJIOrrepe,n:aIOru:err nOBepxHocTH, QTO YXY,II,IIIa- eT npou,ecc TenJIo06MeHa. IT03TOMY )1;JI.H ocymeHH.H B03,rryxa 3TOT annapaT, KaK npa- BIIJIO, He HCIIOJIb3YIOT. ITpocPeccopOM 0.51. KOKOpHHblM peKOMeH,II,OBaHbl CJIe,IIylOIIJ,He MaKCHM3.JIbHbIe 3HaqeHll5I OTHOCHTeJIbHOH BJIa)KHOCTll B03,rryxa ipmax, OXJIa)K)I;eHHoro B 1I0BepXHOCTHOM B03,rryXOOXJIa,II,llTeJIe, rrpH HaQaJIbHOn OTHOCllTeJIbHOll BJIa)KHOCTH B03,rryxa ipHaq: ipHaq 45 % 45% < ipHaq 70% ipHaq > 70% ipmax = 88%; ipmax = 92%; ipmax = 98%. I Ha i-d-,n:HarpaMMe rrpo.o;ecc OXJIa)K,II,eHII.H H OCYllIKll 0603HaqaeTC5I np5IMOH JIHHll- en, coe,n:HH5IIOIIJ,en TOqKH 1 II 5. O,1J,HaKO BCTpeQa C ip = 100 % JIHHHH OXJIa)K)I;eHll5I IIO d = const llMeeT CBoe c06CTBeHHoe Ha3BaHlle 3TO TOqKa pOCb!. ITo rrOJIO)KeHllIO 3TOH TOQKll JIerKO olIpe)1;e- JI5IeTC5I TeMnepaTypa TOqKll pOCbl. 3. 1130TepMHQeCKliH rrpou;ecc t = const (JIHHll5I 1-6 Ha pHC. 8.1). Bce lIapaMeTpbl B03pacTaIOT. Y BeJIllQHBaeTC5I II TenJIO, H BJIarOCO)1;ep:>KaHlle, II OTHOCllTeJIbHa5I BJIa)K- ROCTb. B peaJIbHOH )Kll3HH - 3TO YBJIa)KHeHHe B03,LI,yxa napOM. To He60JIbllIOe KO- JIHQeCTBO 5IBHOrO TelIJIa, KOTopoe BHOCllTC5I napOM, 06blQHO He YQHTblBaeTC5f IIpll no- CTpoeHHH npou;ecca, T. K. OHO He3HaQllTeJIbHO. O,II,HaKO TaKoe YBJIa)KHeHHe .n;OCTaTOQHO 3HeproeMKO. 4. A)l,lla6aTHb1H ll303HTaJIbnHllHblH rrpOllecc i = const (JIIfHH5I 1-7 Ha pHC. 8.1). CHll)lffieTC5I TeMnepaTypa B03,rryxa, YBeJIHqllBaeTC5I BJIaroco)J,ep:>KaHHe H OTHOCllTeJIb- Ha5I BJIaJKHOCTb. ITpou,ecc ocyru:eCTBJI5IeTC5I npH HerroCpe)1;CTBeHHoM KOHTaKTe B03,rry- xa C BO)1;OH, rrpOXO,1],5I JIH60 Qepe3 opolliaeMYIO HaCa,1J,KY, JIH60 Qepe3 cPOPCYHOqHYIO KaMepy. ITpH rJIy6llHe opolliaeMoH HacalIKH 100 MM MO)KHO nOJIYQHTb B03,rryX C OTHOCll- TeJIbHOH BJIa)KHOCTbIO <p = 45 % rrpn HaqaJIbHOH 10 %, HaCa,II,Ka rJIy6llHOH 200 MM ,Il,aeT ip = 70 %, a 300 MM - ip = 90 % (no )l,aHHbIM 6JIOK-KaMep COTOBoro YBJIa)K- nCHll5I cPllpMbI BE3A). ITpoxo,n:.H Qepe3 cPOPCYHOQHYIO KaMepy, B03l\YX YBJIa)KH5IeTC.H ,1],0 BeJIHQHHbI <p = 90...95 %, HO co 3HaQHTeJIbHO 60JIbIIlllMH 3Hepr03aTpaTaMH Ha paCIIbIJIeHHe BO,1],bl, QeM B opOlliaeMblX HaCa,IIKaX. IIpo)1;oJI)KHB JIllHllIO i = const ,1],0 <p = 100 % Mbl IIOJIYQHM TOQKY (H TeMIIepaTYPY) MOKporo TepMOMeTpa; 3TO paBHOBeCHa5I TOqKa npH KOHTaKTe B03,rryxa C Bo,n:on. O)1;HaKo B alIIIapaTax, r,1],e IIpOHCXO,II,HT KOHTaKT B03,IIyXa C BO,LI,On, oc06eHHo no a,1..l:Ha6aTHQCCKOMY U;llKJIY, B03MO)KHO B03HllKHOBeHlle 60JIe3HeTBopHon cPJIOpbI, H no- 3TOMY TaKHe annapaTbl 3arrpeIIJ,eHbl ,LI,JI5I HCIIOJIb30BaHIHI B p5I,II,e r.Ie,1..l:HIJ;llHCKHX H npo- .LJ;OBOJIbCTBenHbIX OTpaeJIeH. r.ILaea 8. flocmpoeune OC'Hoeu'btx npov,eCC06 lI.1Me'He'HIJ.1! COCmOR'HIJ.1! eo,J()yxa flocmpoeuue OC'H06U'btX npov,eCC06 U3MeueuUJ! COCmOR'ltUJ/, 6o,J()yxa nopquonbHOe aOBneHue BOaRHblX nopoB 10 2 H/M2 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 50 C'P') 1, 10 o\a 0\0 .. 0'0 c. 1,12 ,0 01 0 40 01 0 ij 01 0 .1, 14 1 0 0 0/0 0 0/0 f 2 q 0 00 ,0 1,16 , O O --.) 1,18 ,00 6 c:3 qO C't) 1,20 a '0 0 to 20 , YenoBoiJ t!j KIIJIC 7 1 0 K03cpfjluqueHm E = -, - e t M . T 122 t:::) t!d K2 c:3 c:: t Tp €>o . t:::) c:::s '" 1,24 10 'JO ,;'J OO 1,26 3 000 AO 1,28 2500 0 ,;0 3HmonbnuR i, KAx / Ke 1,30 <'Soo ,32 O $00 a , o \\ 1,34 ""'" 0 0 °0 0 o 0 ,0 I 0 ,36 0 B cTpaHax C )JillpKIIM II CYXIfM KJIIfMaTOM annapaTbI a,n;lfa6aTHoro YBJIa)KHeHIf51 B03AYxa BeCbMa pacnpocTpaHeHbI. TaK, HanpnMep, B Bar,n;a,n;e nplf ,n;HeBHoll TeMnepa- Type 46° elf OTHOCIfTeJIbHOH BJIa)KHOCTIf 10% B npon;ecce 1f33HTaJIbIIHOrO YBJIa)KHeHIf51 nplfTOqHOrO B03AYxa ero TeMnepaTYPY nOHIf:>KaIOT ,n;o 23° C If nplf 10. . .20-KpaTHoM B03AYXo06MeHe B IIOMe eHIfIf nOJIyqalOT KOM<popTHble napaMeTpbI BHYTpeHHero B03- AYxa: TeMnepaTYPY 26° C If OTHOCIfTeJIbHYIO BJIa)KHOCTb 60 . . . 70%. IIplf nOCTpoeH1f1l Ha i-d-,n;lIarpaMMe npou;eCCOB 06pa60TKIf BJIa)KHOrO B03AYxa nplfH5ITO IfCnOJIb30Ba Tb CJIe,n;yIOIU;lfe HaIIMeHOBaHIf51 xapaKTepHbIX TOqeK: H - HaPY)KHbIM B03,n;yX; B - BHYTpeHHlfii B03,L1yX; K - B03AYX, HarpeTbIM B KaJIOpll<pepe; IT - nplfTOqHbIM B03AYX; Y - B03AYX, y,n;aJI5IeMbIll 1f3 nor..1em;eHII5I; o - OXJIa)l(,I1;eHHbIM B03AYX; C - C1vIeCb ,n;BYX nOTOKOB B03AYxa; TP - TOqKa pOCbI; TM - TOqKa MOKporo TepMOMeTpa. ITplf CMellIlfBaH1f1f B03AYxa ,n;BYX napaMeTpOB C MaccaMH G l If G 2 JIIIHIf51 CMeCII - 3TO np5lIvra5l, coe,n;IfH5I1Oru;a£ 3TlI napaMeTpbI, a y,n;eJIbHa51 3HTaJIbIIIf51 CMeCIf: 'lCM = G l X i 1 + G 2 x i 2 G 1 + G 2 (8.5) BJIaroco,n;ep:>KaHlfe CMeCIf: d _ G 1 X d l + G 2 x d 2 CM - G l + G 2 (8.6) HanpaBJleHlfe JIyqa, xapaKTeplf3YIOm;ero npou;ecc H3MeHeHI151 COCTO£HIf51 B03,rr,yxa, 3a- ,lI,aHO yr JIOBbIM K03<P<PHU;HeHTOl\I (TenJIOBJIa)KHOCTHbIM oTHoIIIeHlIeM) c (K )K / Kr H 2 0) : c== L:Qrr L:W' (8.7) 5 10 15 20 2!J Bno20COaepxoHue d e / Ke 'Jf) 3r: rJI;e L Qrr - cYMMapHoe KOJIlIqeCTBO nOJIHOll IIo,n;Be,n,eHHoll IIJIII oTBe,n;eHHoll TenJIOTbI (1f3MeHeHlfe 3HTaJIbnlfH i) (K,IL)K/q); L W - cYMMapHoe KOJIlfqeCTBO IIOrJIOlu;eHHoll IfJIIf BbI,lI,eJIeHHOll BJIarlf (1f3MeHeHlfe BJIarOCO,lI,ep)IffiHIf51 d) (Kr / q) . IIp" L W = 0 C ---+ 00; np" L Qrr == 0 c = 0 (pIlC. 8.2). TaKIfM 06pa30lVl, i-d-,n;narpaMMY YCJIOBHO MO)KHO pa3,lI,eJIIfTb Ha 4 KBa,n;paHTa: I c OT 00 ,n;o 0 - HarpeB II YBJIa)KHeUlfe; II c OT 0 ,lI,0 - 00 - OXJIa)K,D,eHlIe II YBJIa)KHeHlfe; III c OT - 00 ,n;o 0 - OXJIa)K,n;eHlIe If OCYllIKa; IV c OT 0 ,n;o 00 - HarpeB If OCYllIKa. H30TepMIlqeCKoMY npou.eccy (t == const) COOTBeTCTBYeT 3HaqeHlIe c = 2530 K )K/ Kr. -0 PUC. 8.1. OCHOBHble npou;eCCbI H3MeHeHHH COCT05IHHH B03 xa r .ILaea 8. n ocmpoeuue OC'lwe'H'btx npov,eCC06 U3,MeUeuUJ! COC7TWR'HUJ! 60adyxa napquanbHOe aaf3AeHue BOaRHblX napoB, 10 2 H / ,M2 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 50 1 ,.... C'P) 1, 10 . , &\) f 0\0 :.L - o\o 6: 1,12 . . () 0)0 c!I 40 \\ 8 l 0 1 0 (;) II w ij 0/ 0 ,14 ...... 1\) 0 0 / 0 II) t:: 0 /' 0/0 . (J 90 ;,.( 0/0 II ,0 0 1, 16 0 , o 30 u l,f8 ,0 0 V @ qO f't) 1,20 a '0 0 t:O 20 .J.. c:3 c!I Y z/loBo;; !!i K,l/JIC \\ e: 1,22 @ 1 0 K03cpfjluu,ueHm £=-,- c:3 t!d K2 A s:) ...... C" b O .S:) II) 0 . t:: ":) '/,24 8 IT - 811 I'I ';)0 ..... '2.J,:>00 10 ....... w 1,26 ..l. "\ '3 000 AO , 1 2500 1,28 f ,;0 3HmanbnuR i KIlx / KZ j <SOO 0 1,1 0 1,32 O / "soo n r- r- o J \ \ \ 1,34 L -10 '0 °0 c °0 c 0 ,0 c 36 0 r llABA 9 PaC"feT B03.qyxoo6MeHa B nOMeLl.\eH np pa60Te BeHT .nfl4 B Tp nep o.qa ro.qa nocTpoeH e npo4eccoB Ha i-d - .q arpaMMe HCxo,n;Hble ,n;aHHble ,LI;JI5I pacqem B03,IJ;yXo06MeHa: 1. TerrJIOBbIe 6aJIanCbI nOMe eHII5I ,LI;JI5I Tpex nepllO,LI;OB ro,n;a (TII, XII If IIY) no 51BHOM L: Q}l If nOJIHOll L: Q rr TenJIOTe. 2. HaPY)KHbIe MeTeOpOJIOrllqeCKlfe YCJIOBIf5l. (IIapaMeTpbI A ,n;JI5I TII If B ,n;JI5I XII). 3. BJIarOnocTynJIeHII5I B rrOMe eIIlIe L: W. 4. 3Ha't.J:eHIf51 TeMnepaTypbI BHYTpeHHero B03,IJ;yxa B pa3JIlfqHbIe rreplfo,n;bI ro,n;a. 5. 06'beM nOMem;eHlIll V. PaCqeT HaqlfHalOT C TenJIOrO nepno,n;a, BO BpeM5I KOToporo Tpe6yeTC5I Hall60JIbIIlee KOJIlIqeCTBO nplfTOqnOrO B03,IJ;yxa. IIocJIe,n;oBaTeJIbHocTb pacqem. 1. Ha i-d-,lI,IIarpaMMy (pIfC. 9.1) HanOC5IT TOqKY H If 1f30TepMY BHYTpeHHero B03,IIyxa t a = t H A + 3° C. , (9.1 ) 2 II u L QH . 0 BeJIlIqlfHe TenJIOBOH Hanp5l)KCHHOCTIf nOMe eHII£ V onpe,n;eJI5IIOT rpa- ,LI;lfeHT nOBbIllIeHIf51 TeMnepaTYPbI no BbICOTe rrOMe eHIf51 (npIfJI. 21) If TeMnepaTYPY B03,IJ;yxa, Y,LI;aJI5IeMOrO 1f3 Bepxnen 30HbI, t y (OC): t y = t a + grad t(H - h p . 3 ), (9.2) o 5 10 15 20 25 BnazocoaepxaHue d IC. ":10 35 r,n;e H - BbICOTa nOl\'IeIIJ,eHJI5I (M), h p . 3 - BbICOTa pa60qell 30HbI (M). IIpll KpaTHocTII B03,LI,yxo06Mena 60JIee 5 t y = t a . H30TepMY t y HaHOC5IT Ha ,n;lfarpaMMY. 3. Onpe.n;e.rrnKYI' TeIIJIOBJIa2KHOCTHOe OTHOIIIemre c: = II qepe3 TOQKY H npOBO- ,LI;51T JIyq npou;ecca. Ha nepeCeqeHlI1I JIyqa C 1I30TepMaMIf t a II t y nOJIyqalOT TOqKII B II Y. 4. Onpe,n;eJI£IOT B03,IJ;yXo06Men (Kr / q): no nOJIHOll TenJIOTe -LO PUC. 8.2. ,LI;eJIeHHe i-d-,n;HarpaMMbI Ha KBa,n;paHTbI OtJ.i = Q , 'ly - 'lll (9.3) no BJIaroco,n;ep)IffiHIIIO: L::"T Ow = dy _ d n . Pa3JIlfqlfe Me)K,I1;y G lli If Gw He ,LI;OJI)KHO npeBbIllIaTb 5%. (9.4) F.lLaea 9. Pac"tem eoaiJyxoo6,Meua 6 7W,Me e'HUU U nOCmpOe'HUe npov,eccoe 30 u ci' f't) a 20 g, e: n K t:: f...:: - 0 - 0 50 o 110 napquanbHOe aal3.neHue BOaRHblX napoB, 10 2 H / ",2 5 W e T .1. ' 1 '2 40 1,14 I 1, 16 1, 18 xn Y B 1,20 10 o 1,30 E 4.) ,0 f 0\0 ,, 50 o'o oJo 'J\) 01 0 ' 01 0 1\) {) 0/0 1\ °/0 II qv 0 °/0 ,0 4J.$' ,0 0 0 0 4J.$' ",/J,JIC KZ H AO O qO '0 0 YznoBoiJ 1 0 . K03cpcpuque . r- . C\t " 'JOO 3 000 r 'JO \ \ 2500 f I 3HmanbnuR i K/lJIc / KZ Pac"tem 6oaiJyxoo6,Meua e nO,Me e'Huu u nocmpoe'Hue lIpov,ecco6 I\) I ... 0.. 5. ITo rrplfJIO)KeHIfIO 24 orrpe,n;eJI5IIOT HopMaTIfBHoe KOJIlfqeCTBO B03,n;yxa, Tpe6yeMoe ,lI,JI5I JIIO,lI,ell, Haxo,n;51 IfXC5I B rrOMern;eHIfII. ITOJIyqeHHYIO BeJIlfqlfHY cpaBHIfBalOT C G Ai M G w. H3 Tpex BeJIlfqlfH BbI6lfpalOT 60JIbrnylO. 6. Orrpe,lI,eJI5IIOT OTHOCIfTeJIbHYIO BJIa)KHOCTb B03,n;yxa B nOMern;eHIfIf. ECJIII ee 3Ha- qeHlIe npeBbIrnaeT 65%, Tpe6yeTC5I ocymeHlfe B03,n;yxa. JI5I paRoHoB C OTHOCIITeJIbHOM BJIa)KHOCTblO HapY)KHOrO B03,n;yxa 60JIee 75% (napaMeTpbI A) MaKCIfMaJIbHO ,n;orrYCTIf- Moe 3HaqeHlfe OTHOCIfTeJIbHOH BJIa)KIIOCTIf BHYTpeHHero B03,n;yxa COCTaBJI5IeT 75%. ITocTpoeHlfe rrpOn;eCCOB 1I3MeHeHIf51 napaMeTpOB B03,n;yxa ,lI,JI5I XII 1. Ha i-d-,n;lIarpaMMe OTMeqalOT TOqKY H If 1f30TepMY tB. TIplf HaJIlfqlf1f B nOMeIu;e- HIfIf TerrJIOlf36bITKOB n;eJIeC006pa3HO nplfHHMaTb Half60JIbmee ,n;onYCTIfMoe 3HaqeHIIe t B = 22° C ,n;JI5I CHII)KeHIf51 CTOIlMOCTIf BeHTIfJI5In;1f1f. 2. PaCCqlfTbIBalOT t y = t B + grad t(H - h p . 3 ). 3. ITplfHIIMalOT TeMnepaTYPY rrplfTOqHOrO B03,n;yxa ,32 34 36 o 5 lt H o <50 0 SOo \ \ 0 (:) -. c °0 c °0 c 0 c 10 15 20 25 BnazocoaepxaHue d Z KZ 30 , O t n = t B - 5° C. (9.5) 4. H3 TOqKII H npOBo,n;51T JIIfHIfIO d = const (HarpeB B03,n;yxa B KaJIoplI<pepe). Ha rrepeCeqeHlf1f 3TOll JIMHIfII C 1I30TepMoll t rr rrOJIyqalOT TOqKY K. ToqKa IT COBrra,n;aeT C TOqKOll K. 5. H3 TOqKH IT npOBO,lI,51T JIyq rrpon;ecca 1f3MeHeHIf51 COCT05lHIf51 B03,n;yxa B nOMeIu;e- HIIIf c. Ha nepCCeqeHlf1l ero C 1I30TepMaMIf t B II t y nOJIyqalOT TOqKII B If Y (pIIC. 9.1). 6. Onpe,n;eJI5IIOT B03,n;yxo06MeH no TerrJIOTe G Ai If IIO BJIare G w (Kr /q): Ct:,.i = Q , 'ly - 1,K L:W Cw = fly _ d K . (9.6) 7. TIOJIyqeHHbIe BeJIlfqlfHbI cpaBHIfBalOT C HopMaTIfBHbIM 3HaqeHlIeM B03,n;yxo06Me- Ha. 113 Tpex BeJIlfqHH BbI6IIpalOT 66JIbmylO. TIp II paCqeTe B03,n;yxo06MeHa B XOJIO,n;HbIM If nepexo,n;HbIll neplfO,II,bI YTOqH5IIOT 3Ha- qeHMe TeMnepaTypbI rrpllTOqHOrO B03,n;yxa. 1. ITo 3HaqeHIfIO, nOJIyqeHHoMY B paCqeTe ,n;JI5I TTI, MJIII no HopMaTIfBHoM BeJIlIqlfHe npllHIIMalOT KOJIlfqeCTBO rrplfTOqHOrO B03,n;yxa G rr ,n;JI5I XII II orrpe,lI,eJI5IIOT BJIaroco,n;ep- )fffiHlIe yxo,n;51rn;ero B03,n;yxa (r / Kr ) : L:W d y = d H + C n . (9.7) 35 ToqKa Y JIe)KIIT Ha nepeCeqeHlf1I 1f30TepMbI t y C JIIIHlIell rrOCT05lHHOrO BJIaroco,n;ep)fffi- HIf51 d y . 2. Qepe3 TOqKY Y Ha i-d-,lI,lfarpaMMe npOBo,n;51T JIyq npon;ecca 1f3MeHeHIf51 COCTO- HHIf51 B03,n;yxa B nOMern;eHIIM c ,II,JI5I XTI; Ha nepeCeqeHIIM JIyqa C 1f30TepMoll t B JIe)KIfT TOqKa B, a Ra nepeCeqeHMIf C JIIfHlfell d H = const - TOqKa TI, COBna,n;alOIu;a51 C TOq- KOll K. 3. KOJIlIqeCTBO TeIIJIOTbI ,n;JI5I HarpeBa B03,n;yxa B KaJIopll<pepe (K )K/q): PUC. 9.1. Ilpou;eCCbI BeHTHJI U;HH B XOJIO,l];HOM, TenJIOM pe.>KHMaX H nepeXO,l];HbIX YCJIOBH X QK = Grr(i K - i H ) = G n x C(t K - tH)' (9.8) r,n;e c = 1,005 K )K/(Kr.OC) - y,lI,eJIbHa51 TenJIOeMKOCTb B03,n;yxa.
b, F..wBa 9. Pac'''111 BV.3<!yrvofi"ma (i .1I0."CW,PH"V " nOCl1IpOnWE "powcco,; 4. TenJIoBa5£ MOr:u;HOCTb KaJIopmpepa (KBT): N K = QK/3600. rllABA 10 PaCqeT B03,II,yXo06MeHa B nepexo,rr,HbIll YCJIOBHbIll neplIO,rr, rO,l],a. 1. Ha ,rr,IIarpaMMY i-d HaHOC5£T TOqKY H: t H = 10° C; i H = 26,5 K )K/Kr; d H = = 6,6 r/Kr; 'P = 85%. 2. IIpHHHMaIOT TeMnepaTYPY B03,rr,yxa B nOMer:u;eHHH (KaK npaBHJIO, paBHYIO TeM- nepaType B nOMeIll,eHllH B XII) H onpe,rr,eJI5IIOT TeMnepaTYPY B03,rr,yxa, y,rr,a.'I5IeMOrO II3 nOMer:u;eHII5I: PaC"-JeT B03Ayxoo6MeHa B nOMe eHIt1It1 no KpaTHOCTIt1 t y = t B + gradt(H h p . 3 ), °C 3. 3a,rr,aIOT BeJJHqHHY B03,II,yxo06MeHa (paBHYIO B03,II,yXo06MeHY B TII IIJIH, "ITO 60JIee npe));nOqTHTeJIbHO, B XII) II onpe).l,eJI5£IOT IIpIIparn:eHIIe 3HTaJIbIIllII llJJH BJIarO- eO));ep)KaHH5I B03,rr,yxa B nOMer:u;eHIIII: KpaTHOCTb B03,II,yXo06MeHa - 3TO OTHOllIeHHe 06'beMa B03.I\Yxa, no,rr,aBaeMoro B nOMe- IlI,eHHe IIJJII Y,l..I,aJI5IeMOro 113 Hero B TeqeHlIe qaea, K 06'beMY nOMer:u;eHII5£. PaCqeTHR5£ BeJIHqllHa B03,nyxo06MeHa B nOMer:u;eHllll Lp (M 3 /Tf.) npII HopMaTHBHoll KpaTHocTll B03- ,nyxo06MeHa K p (q -1) onpe.IJ,eJI.5IeTC5J KaK fj.i = LG n (K,II,)K/Kr), LTV fj.d = ---c;: (r/Kr). (9.9) Lp = Kp' V noM , (10.1) (9.10) I'));e V noM - 06'beM nOMern:eHII.5I (M 3 ). 3HaqeHH5£ Kp B 3aBHCIIMoeTII OT Ha3HaqeHII.5I nOMeIll,eHHll ,l..I,aHbI B eneU;IIaJIbHOll JIIITepaType, a TaK2Ke B npliJI. 5-15, r.n:e YKa3aHa KpaTHOCTb B03.I\YXoo6MeHa no BbI T.5I)KHOMY H no npHTOqHOMY B03,II,yXY. JI5J HeKOTopbIX nOMer:u;eHHlr ,l..I,aHa BeJIHqllHa HopMaTHBHoro B03,nyxoo6MeHa Lo (M 3 /q) B paCqeTe Ha 1 qeJJOBeKa, KOllKY (B JIeqe6- HhIX yqpe)f(,.lJ;eHII.5Ix), eaHIITapHo-TeXHHqeCKHll npH60p II T.,n:. PaCqeTHhIll B03,II,yXoo6- MeH npH 3TOM onpe));eJI.5IIOT KaK Ln = Lo . N, r));e N - qIICJIO paCqeTHbIX e,l..l,HHUQ B IIOMer:u;eHIIII. IIOCJle onpe)].eJIeHII.5I paeqeTHhIX BeJIIIqHH B03,II,yxoo6MeHa B nOMer:u;eHH.5IX onpe)].e- JI.5IIOT CYMMapHhle KOJIIIqeCTBa npHTOqHOrO L G n II y)].aJI.5IeMOrO L G y B03.I\Yxa ,LI,JI.5I / nOMer:u;eHHll Ha O));HOM 3Ta)Ke, coo6r:u;alOr:u;Hxc5£ e 06Il1,IIM KOPH,l..l,OpOM, XOJJJIOM, llIJII030M 11 T.));. Pa3HocTb fj.G = E G n E G y Ha3bIBaIOT .IJ,lle6aJIaHCOM B03,II,yxa. )J,JI.5I e06JIIO));e- HH.5I n03Ta: KHoro 6a.rraHca BO:3,nyX paeXO,l];OM fj.G no,n,alOT (npli 1I36hITOqHOM y));a.rreHlIll) lIJIH y,n;aJI.5IIOT (npH H36bITOqHOM npliToKe) H3 o6r:u;ero nOMer:u;eHH.5I 3Ta2Ka. Pe3YJIbTaTbI paCqeTa eBOl(51T B Ta6JI. 10.1 OT));eJJbHO )].JI.5I Ka)l()];oro 3Ta2Ka HJIH rpyn- nbI nO:tvler:u;eHHll. 4. IIOJIO)KeHHe TOqKH Y HaXo,n:5£T Ha nepeCeqeHHH 1I30TepMbI t y e II30TepMoll iy = = i H + fj.i HJIH e .!'IHHIIell nOCT05lHHOro BJIarOeO,II,ep2KaHlI5.C d y = d H + fj.d. (9.11) 5. Ha nepeeeqeHlIli JIyqa npoQecca 1I3MeHeHI1.51 eOCTO.5lHlI.5I B03,rr,yxa B rrOMer:u;eHHlI E, rrpOBe,l],enHOrO 113 TOqKH Y, e H30TepMOll t B rrOJlyqalOT TUqKY B, 8 Ha rrepeeeQeHI1H JIY- qa E e JJIIHlIell rrOCTO.5lHHOrO BJIarOCO));ep2KaHH.5I d H -- TOqKY II, eOBrra,n:alOll YIO C TOq- KOll K. 6. Onpe,n:e.!'I.5IIOT TenJIOBYIO HarpY3KY II !vlOr:u;HOCTh KaJIOpmpepa. B pe3YJIhTaTe paeqeTOB nOJIyqaIOT ));Be lIJIli TPH BeJIlIqHHbI B03.I\Yxoo6MeH8 - )J,JI.5I Tpex nepHo,n:oB ro));a. B03ivl0)KHbI pa3.!'IHqHhle BapHaHThI IIenOJIHeHlI.5I CllCTe!vl BeHTII- ,,'I.5IQHH. 1. I1plITOqnyIO CHeTeMY paCeqlIThIBaIOT Ha MaKClIIvIaJIbHYIO II3 nOJJyqeHHbIX Be- JIHqlIH B03,rr,yxoo6MeHa H OCHaIQaIOT ee THpliCTOpHbIM perYJI.5ITOpOM qaeTOThI BpaIll,e- HH.5I 3JIeKTpO));BHraTeJIH BeHTlIJJ.5ITOpa, ,n:eiieTBYIOr:u;HM B 3aBlleHMoeTH OT TeMnepaTypbI BHYTpeHHero B03,II,yxa. BbITSI)KHYIO CHeTeMY BbllIOJIH.5IIOT C eeTeCTBeHHOll QIIPKYJI.5IIJ,Il- ell lIJIH MeXaHHTf.ecKYIO - C TaKHM )Ke THpliCTOpHbIM perYJJ.5ITOpOM. TaKa.51 CHCTeMa 3<p<peKTHBHa, HO CTOHMOCTb ee BbleOKa. 2. BblIIOJIH.5IlOT .n:Be napbI nplITOqHbIX 1I BbIT.5I)KHbIX eHCTeM. O,n:HY napy paeCqH- TbIBalOT ,n:JI.5I pa60TbI B xn 1I IIY. IIpHTOqHYIO cHeTeMY BhIIlOJIH.5IIOT e Ka.!'IOPH<pePOM, paeeqlITaHHbIM H8 no,n:orpeB HapY)KHOrO B03,rr,yxa OT napaMeTpoB B ,lLO TeMnepaTypbI rrpliTOKa. BTOPYIO napy elleTeM paeeqHThIB810T ,l],JI.5I pa60TbI B TII H KaJIopH<pepOM He oeHar:u;aIOT. 3. BbIIIOJIR.5IIOT TOJJbKO npHTOQHYIO II BbIT.5I2KHYIO CHeTeMhI, paeeqHTaHHhle ,LI,JI.5I XII 1I IIY, a B03,II,yXoo6MeH B TII oeYIIl.eeTBJI.5IIOT qepe3 OTKpbIThIe OKRa. Ta6JIuu;a 10.1 (<I>opMa) Pacq€THbIH B03)J.yxoo6IvIeH o6m;eo6MeHHoH BeHTHJUUJ;1U1 rro KpaTHOCTH B nOMem;eHH:HX 3)J;aHH.H HopMaTHBHa.H KpaTHocTb 06'beMbI B03.u,yxoo6MeHa, PaCqeTHbIH N HaHMeHoBaHHH Pa.3MepbI 110Mem;eHuH, M 3 , q-l, HJIH B03,D.yxoo6MeH, rr/rr rroMem;eHHH rroMem;eHHH, M HJIH KOJIHqeCTBO HopMaTHBHbIH M 3 /q JIIO)J;eH B B03)J.yxoo6MeH Ha rrOMem;eHH.HX 1 qeJIOBeKa, M 3 /(q .qeJI) rrpHTOK Y)J;arreHHe rrpHTOK Y,lI,aJIeHHe
Pac"tem 6o.Jdyxoo6,Mc'lta R nO,Me eHU'U n]l'u '1W'HduV,uo'lt'upoea'Hu'u 2. 06pa60TKa HapY)KHOrO B03,lIJTxa C npMMeHeHlfeM B03A)'xoOXJIa,n;MTeJIeii nplf d H d n MeHee 3HeprOeMKa. aHa COCTOMT 1I3 OXJIa)K,n;eHIf51 HapY)KHOrO B03,lIJTxa ,n;o TeM- nepaTypbI rrplfTOKa t rr (npo ecc Hal) M YBJIa)KHeHH5I B03A)'xa B napoYBJIa)KHMTeJIe rIlABA II Pac eT B03Ayxoo6MeHa B nOMe eHLttLtt npil1 KOHAiI14i110HiI1pOBaHiI1i11. npLttMeHeHLtte KaMep OpOWeHLttfl iI1 B03AYXOOXllaAiI1Telle Pac eT Tpe6yeMbix KOJ1Ltt eCTB Tenll0Tbi iI1 xOll0Aa PaCqeT B03A)'Xo06MeHa nplf KOH,n;IIn;MOHlfpOBaHMH HaqlfHalOT C onpe,n;eJIeHM5I rrapaMeT- pOB BHYTpeHHero B03,n;yxa, COOTBeTCTBYIOrn;IfX OrrTIfMaJIbHbIM YCJIOBM5IM. KaK npaBIf- JIO, paCqeT KOH,n;Ifn;IfOHlfpOBaHII5I HaqlfHalOT C TTI. 06JIaCTb OrrTIIMaJIbHbIX YCJIOBIIM ,lVI5I KOH,n;Ifn;IfOHMpOBaHIf51 I KJIaCCa B TTI Ha i-d-,n;HarpaMMe If MeeT BIf,n; Tparre MIf (pIfC. 11.1). eJIeC006pa3Ho rrpMHIIMaTb MaKCIIMaJIbHO ,n;orrYCTIfMoe 3HaqeHIIe OTHOCIf- TeJIbHOM BJIa)KHOCTIf ,n;JI5I CHIf)KeHM5I 3Hepr03aTpaT Ha ocyuIeHlfe B03A)'xa. ToqKY B c rrapaMeTpaMIf BHYTpeHHero B03A)'xa HaHOC5IT Ha i-d-,n;lfarpaMMY. JI5I paCqeTa B03- A)'IIIHoro 6aJIaHCa He06xo,n;IfMbI ,n;aHHbIe 0 nocTynJIeHlf5lX TenJIOTbI II BJIarlI B paCqeT- Hoe rrOMern;eHlfe. Cnoc06 onpe,n;eJIeHIf51 t y , tn, G Ai , GAd paCCMOTpeH B rJIaBe 9. ToqKIf Y If TI JIe)lffiT Ha nepeCeqeHlf1f COOTBeTCTBYIOII.J;MX 1f30TepM t y If t n C JIyqOM npon;ecoa 1f3MeHeHIf51 napaMeTpOB B03A)'xa B nOMe eHIfIf c, rrOCTpoeHHbIM 1f3 TOqKII B. B03MO)KHbI HeCKOJIbKO cnoc060B 06pa60TKIf B03,lIJTxa, rrocTyrralO ero B KOH,n;Ifn;If- OHep C rrapaMeTpaMIf H If BbIXO,LI;51rn;erO M3 Hero C napaMeTpaMII TI. 1. HaM60JIbIIIee pacnpocTpaHeHlfe nOJIyqlfJI rrpOI ecc C IICnOJIb30BaHMeM opOCIfTeJIb- HOll Ka IepbI M BToporo no,n;orpeBa (pIfC. 11.1). ToqKa 0, JIe)lffiII.J;a51 Ha rrepeCeqeHMIf JIIfHMll d rr = const II 'P = 90%, xapaKTepM3yeT COCT05lHMe B03A)'xa, OXJIa)K,I1;eHHOrO II ocymeHHoro (ecJIIf d H > d n ) MJIII OXJIa eHHOro M YBJIa)KHeHHOro (ecJIIf d H < d rr ) B KaMepe opOrneHIf51 (IIpo ecc HO); B 3TOM )Ke COCTO£HIIIf B03,[G'X rrocTynaeT B KaJIO- plf<pep 2-ro no,n;orpeBa (npo ecc OTI). He,lI,oCTaToK ,n;aHHoro crroc06a 06pa60TKM B03,[G'xa COCTOIlT B Hlf3KOH 3HepreTlfqe- CKOM 3<p<peKTIIBHoCTII rrpo:u;ecca: B03A)'X CHaqaJIa OXJIa)l(,II,aIOT, a 3aTeM HarpeBalOT ,n;o Tpe6yeMoll TeMrrepaTypbI. XOJIo,n;onoTpe6JIeHlfe rrpo ecca (K )K/ q): u o f't) a to 20 c:3 e: c:3 -10 Qx = Gn(i H - io). (11.1) -20 TenJIorroTpe6JIeHIIe rrpon;ecca (K )K/q): 50 o 1, 10 napquaAbHOe aaf3.neHue BOaRHblX napoB, 10 2 H / M 2 5 W M 50 1,12 40 1,14 1,16 30 1,18 1,20 1,22 1,24 10 1,26 1,28 o 1,30 ,,> C'O') 132 1,34 1,36 " o'e f 0\0 ,, 0\0 01 0 'J olo ij 0/ 0 1 {) °/ 0 Y) . 0 010 J q {) 0,0 ,0 ... 0... H , o ,00 qO ?,O "" YznoBou :11 K,lPtc 1 0 K03CP /4UeHm E - !1d '----;(2 f\I" 6 0 "J,:>OO 3 000 'JO AO 2500 "JO 3HmaAbnuR i, K/lx / Ke O <'soo .1" sOo a o \ \ <::> \ ..... 0° «:;) 0° C 00 «:;) c ,0 o 5 10 15 20 25 BAazOCOaeOJICaHUe d, z /I<Z 30 35 QT = Grr(i rr -io). (11.2) PUC. 11.1. ITpOIJ;ecc KOH,n;HIJ;HOHHpOBaHIUI B TenJIbIH rrepHO,n; co BTOpbIM rro,n;orpeBOM F.lLaea 11. Pac"tem eoaiJyxoo6Me'Ha e nO.Me f''H'uu npu 1W'HiJuV,uO'Hupoea'H'uu Pac"tem eoaiJyxoo6Me'Ha e nO.Me e'H'U'u npu 1W'H(fUV,uo'Hupoea'H'u'u (rrpou;ecc OITI) no t = const (pIfC. 11.2). ECJIII d H > d rr , TO pe3YJIbTaT 06pa60TKlI HapY)KHOrO B03,lIJTxa B nOBepXHOCTHOM B03,lIJTXOOXJIa,n;IITeJIe aHaJIOrIIqeH pe3YJIbTaTY rrpo ecca B KaMepe opOIIIeHIf51 u tJ 't) a 20 c:3 e: c:3 c::: t-: -10 -20 50 o 10 napquaAbHoe aa8AeHue BOaRHblX napoB, 10 2 H / M 2 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 3. TIplIMeHeHlIe cxeMbI C 06BO,n;HbIM KaHaJIOM II CMeIIIeHlfeM 06pa60TaHHoro If He06- pa60TaHHoro B03,lIJTxa IfCKJIlOqaeT He06xo,n;IfMOCTb 2- ro rro,n;orpeBa B TenJIbIM rreplfo,n;. Ha i-d-,n;lfarpaMMe (pIfC. 11.2) qepe3 TOqKIf H II TI rrpOBo,n;51T JIIfHIfIO ,n;o nepeCeqeHIf51 ee B TOqKe O 2 C JIIfHlfell npou;ecca 06pa60TKIf B03,lIJTxa B B03,lIJTXOOXJIa,n;IITeJIe If JIll, nplf HCnOJIb30BaHHIf KaMepbI opOIIIeH1f5l, ,n;o cP = 90%. IIpII CMellieH1I1f nOTOKOB B03,rryxa C napaMeTpaMIf H If O 2 B COOTBeTCTBYIOrn;IIX npOrrOpU;1f5lX rrOJIyqalOT CMeCb C rrapaMeT- paMIf TOqKII C, COBna,n;aIOIu;ell C TOqKOll TI. JI5I peaJIlf3aU;1f1f ,n;aHHoro MeTo,n;a He06xo- ,n;IfMO, qT06bI TeMnepaTypa B03,lIJTxa B TOqKe O 2 6bIJIa Ha 4. . .5° C BblIIIe TeMnepaTypbI XOJIO,n;HOll BO,n;bI, nocTynalOrn;en B opOCIfTeJIbHYIO KaMepy If JIll B03A)'XOOXJIa,z::I;IfTeJIb. B XOJIO,n;HbIll rreplfo,n; KaK BHeIIIHlfe, TaK If BHYTpeHHlfe napaMeTpbI B03,lIJTxa OT- JIlIqalOTC5I OT napaMeTpOB B TenJIbIll neplfo,n; ro,n;a. TI pII BbI60pe BHYTpeHHIfX napa- MeTpOB OTHOCIfTeJIbHYIO BJIa)KHOCTb rrpIIHIfMalOT no MIIHIfMaJIbHO ,n;onYCTlfl\rIO IY 3Ha- qeHIIIO (CPa = 30%) ,n;JI5I CHIf)KeHIf51 3aTpaT Ha YBJIa)KHeHlfe B03,lIJTxa. IIplf HaJIlfqlf1I TerrJIOlf36bITKOB BHYTpeHHlO1O TeMIIepaTYPY BbI6IIpalOT MaKCIIMaJIbHOll no OrrTlfMaJIb- HbIM napaMeTpaM. TIocTpoelIlIe rrpon;ecca HaqllHalOT C HaHeCeHII5I Ha i-d-,n;lfarpaMMY TOqeK H II B. TeMnepaTYPY rrpIITOqHOrO B03,lIJTxa If pacrrOJIO)KeHlfe TOqeK Y II II onpe,n;eJI5IIOT aHaJIO- rlf IHO paCqeTY napaMeTpOB If nOCTpoeH1f1O Ha i-d-,n;lfarpaMMe rrpou;eCCOB ,n;JI5I TenJIOrO neplfo,n;a. Cyrn;ecTByeT HeCKOJIbKO crroc060B ,n;OCTIf)KeHIf51 napaMeTpOB TOqKII TI nplf 06pa- 60TKe napY)KHOrO B03A)'xa. 1. Ha1f60JIe pacnpocTpaHeHa CJIe,lIJTlOrn;a51 nOCJIe,n;OBaTeJIbHOCTb npo eccoB (pIfC. 11.3): HarpeB HapY)KHOrO B03,lIJTxa B KaJIOplf<pepe 1-ro rro,n;orpeBa (npou;ecc HK), 1f33HTaJIbnHOe YBJIa)KHeHlfe B KaMepe opOmeHII5I (npou;ecc KO l ) II HarpeB B KaJIOPII- <pepe 2-ro rro,n;orpeBa (rrpou;ecc OlTI I ). ToqKa 0 1 , KaK II B CJIyqa5lX, paCCMOTpeHHbIX BbIllIe, JIe)KIIT Ha rrepeCeqeHlf1f JIIIHlfll d rr = const II 'P = 90%. 2. BTOpOM crroc06 rr03BOJI5IeT 1f36e)Ka Tb HarpeBa B KaJIOpII<pepe 2- ro rro,n;orpeBa. JI5I 3Toro npOBo,n;IfM JIIIHIfIO i = const qepe3 TOqKY TI ,n;o cp = 90 % (TOqKa O 2 ) If ,n;o JIIfHIfIf d == const (TOqKa K 1). CMemlIBaeM (npll rrOMO 1I 6allnaca) B03,lIJTX C rra- paMeTpaMII O 2 II Kl B TaKOll rrponopqMIf, qT06bI TOqKa CMeCM C HaKJIa,n;bIBaJIaCb Ha TOqKY rrpMTOKa II. 9Ta onepaU;lf5I MO)f(eT 6bITb BbInOJIHeHa JIlI60 rro ,n;a TqHKY TeMne- paTypbI, JIM60 rro ,n;aTqIfKY OTHOCIITeJIbHOM BJIa)KHOCTIf rrOCJIe KaMepbI CMeIIIlIBaHM5I (pIfC. 11.3). KOJIlfqeCTBO B03,rryxa, npoxo,n;51rn;ero qepe3 opOCIfTeJIbHYIO KaMepy, Go (Kr/q) MO)K- 1I0 orrpe,n;eJIMTb no COOTHOIIIeHMIO OTpe3KOB (K I - TI)/(K I - O 2 ) (pIfC. 11.3): (K l - IT) Go = G n (K 1 _ O 2 ) (Kr/q), 0\0 ,, l) °la 0)0 01 0 E) 0/ 0 1 {) °/ 0 Y) 1\ 0/0 J qv 0 0,0 ,0 fir') 1, 12 40 1,14 1, 6 30 H ... , o ,0 0 9 0 6 0 ?,o w YZAoBo Ili K/P1c 1 0 K03cptfJuq Hm E=A'- t;:::) LJ. d K Z t::) C'..I. 1, 18 '- ,;'J OO ,0 00 ,:>0 , \ t ) 2500 1,20 1,22 1,24 10 126 1,28 o ,;0 AO 3HmaAbnuR i, K/P1c / KZ <'soo .1"soo -a o <=b \ \ c::> ... UTO c °0 c Co c 0 c (11.3) 1° ,32 O a pacxo,n; BO,n;bI: U' = G rr (d rr - d H ) (r / q) . (11.4 ) 1,34 1,36 ,0 30 3. Half60JIee rrpocToM cnoc06 YBJIa)KHeHII5I nplfTOqHOrO B03,lIJTxa - 3TO YBJIa)KHe- Hlfe ero napoM (JIIfHIf51 K-TI, pRC. 11.4). TaKoe YBJIa)KHeHMe - e,n;IIHCTBeHHO B03MO)K- Hoe ,n;JI£ p5l,n;a OTpaCJIell: Me,n;If IfHCKa5l, pa,n;1I03JIeKTpOHHa51 If ,n;p. 4. TIplfMeHeHlIe 6JIOK-KaMep COTOBoro YBJIa)KHeHIf51 ,n;aeT B03MO)KHOCTb Half60JIee OrrTIfMaJIbHO C TOqKII 3peHIf51 3Hepr03aTpaT pellilfTb Bonpoc YBJIa)KHeHM5I rrplfTOq- Horo B03,lIJTxa. TaK, nanplfMep, 6JIOK-KaMepa C COTOBOll HaCa,lI,KoH rJIy6HHoll 100 MM o 5 10 15 20 25 BAazoCOaelXJlCaHUe d, Z / KZ 35 PUC. 11.2. ITpou;ecc KOH,n;JUJ;MOHMpOBaHH.H B TerrJIbIH rrepMO,n; 6e3 BToporo rrO,1];OrpeBa F.lLaea 11. Pac"tem 6oaOyxoo6,Me'Ha e nO,Me e'Huu npu 'IW'HcJuv,UO'HUp06a'HUU Pa('''tem eoaiJyxoo6,Me'Ha e nO,Me e'Huu npu IW'HiJuV,uO'Hupoea'Huu rr03BOJI5IeT npii CKOpOCTII B03,n;yxa B HeM V4>l peK = 2,3 M/ C cTa6lfJIbHO ,lI,OCTlIqb OTHOCIf- TeJIbHOM BJIa)KHOCTII 'P = 45 %, rJIy6IIHOM 200 MM - 'P = 70 % If 300 MM - 'P = 90 % (,lI,aHHbIe <plIpMbI BE3A). 9TOT rrpou;ecc 1f306pa)KeH Ha pMC. 11.4 JIMHlIeM Kl O. a- JIee, KaK II B rrpe,n;bI,lIJTrn;eM cJIyqae, rrpllMeHeHMe 6aHrraca n03BOJI5IeT TOqKe CMeCII C rronaCTb Ha TOqKY II. ToqKa K JIe)KHT Ha rrepeCeqeHlf1l JIIfHIfM i0 1 = const II d H = const. TI plf YBJIa:>KHeHIfM B03AYxa B XOJIO,n;HbIll rreplfo,n; rO,lI,a npHMeH5IIOT 1I303HTaJIbn1fH- HbIH cnoc06, YBJIa)KHeHHe rrapOM, YBJIa)KHeHlIe B 6JIOK-KaMepaX C COTOBOll Haca,n;KoM. HII)Ke ,n;aHbI 3Hepr03aTpaTbI Ha YBJIa)KHeUlfe B03AYxa B Tpex pa3HbIX annapaTax, OTHeceHHbIe K 1 Kr Bo,n;51Horo rrapa (BT / Kr): KaMepa COTOBoro YBJIa)KHeHM.H 2; KaMepa opOrneHM.H 50; rrapOYBJIa)KHMTeJIb 800. 50 o 1, 10 napu,UOAbHoe oaBneHue BOORHblX napoB, 10 2 H / M 2 5 W li m 50 1,12 0\0 ,, 0\0 01 0 ,:>0 () 0/ 0 0/0 1 0 °/ 0 '0 0 °/ 0 qO 0 °/0 ,0 r; 50 o 110 napu.uanbHoe ooBneHue BOORHblX napoB, 10 2 H / ,M2 5 W li m e 50 ' o'e 0\0 f 0\0 ,, C\) ::.: 114 0\0 &-\) °10 O o'o ij 0/0 1 0 0 °/ 0 Y) 0 °/0 II q 0°,0 ,0 ... a. 112 40 1,14 40 ,16 , O 1,16 ,?,O 30 (.J 1,18 06nocmb onmUMonbHblX ,00 c:; K , ycnoBuiJ qO c:: O f,) 20 YZRoBou _ l1i K,l/:JK 1 0 K03cpcpuu,ueHm - -,- - E l1d K2 f,) 2- 6 0 t:: t'\a 1,24 j.;;: 10 'JO ,;';)0 0 " 3 000 1,26 &.0 1,.28 t 2500 ,;0 3HmanbnuR i, KI/:JIc / K2 ) 0 ,30 <'soo ,32 -'soo O I' o \ \ \0 34 - -10 C) °0 o 0 0 o 0 0 36 ,0 0 30 t...> 06nacmb onmUManbHblX " 18 ycnoBuiJ ,0° o qO c:; K , 1'1) ) ) 20 K '1. '00 c:: , v .T 2/10Bou l1i K/l:JK 1 0 K03rpcpuu,ueHff. = -, - -- l1d K2 ss t::) f\f ".l,00 '3 000 l 6 0 ,0 26 0 , &.0 ,28 2500 . 0 30 ,;0 3HmOAbnUR I 1</lx /1<2 ,32 O <'Soo sOo o \ \\ 0 - c °0 c °0 c <:) c o 34 36 ,0 o -?O -20 5 K mOC/Ke H 10 15 20 25 BnazorooepxaHue d, 2/1<2 31' 35 5 K mOC/Ke H 10 15 20 25 Bnazocoaep oHue z K2 30 35 POC. 11.3. I1pou;ecc KOH,.ZJ;HIJ;HOHMpOBaHIDI B XOJIO bIll rrcpMO,lJ; co BTOpbIM rro,lJ;OrpeBOM M 6e3 Hero PRC. 11.4. Ilpou;ecc KOH,lJ;MQMoHMpOBaHM.H B XOJIO,lJ;HbIH rrepMO,lJ; 6e3 BToporo rrO,lJ;OrpeBa F.lLaea 11. Pac"tem eoadyxoo6,Me'lw e nO,Me e'HUU npu 'IW'HiJuv,uo'Hupoea'Huu KaK npaBIIJIO, paCqeTHOe KOJIlIqeCTBO B03,n;yXa, nO,n;aBaeMOrO B rrOMe eHlIe B Ten- JIbIM II XOJIO,n;HbIM neplIO,n;bI ro,n;a, HeO,n;IIHaKOBO. IIplI paCqeTe KpyrJIOrO,n;MqHOM CIICTe- MbI KOH,II,MIJ,MOHMpOBaHII5I BeJIlIqMHY paCXO!I;a nplITOqHOrO B03,n;yxa qaCTO nplIHIIMalOT paBHOM ,n;JI£ XOJIo,n;Horo M TenJIOrO neplIo,n;OB: G XIT = G TIT . B 3TOM CJIyqae o6ecne- qeHlIe Tpe6yeMbIx napaMeTpOB BHYTpeHHero B03,n;yxa B XOJIO,n;HbIll rreplIO,LI; B03MO)KHO pa3HbIMM cnoco6aMII. Pacc"t.HITbIBaIOT M3MeHeHMe 9HTaJIbnMlI R03,n;yxa B nOMeIIJ;eHlIM (K )K/Kr) MJIII ero BJIaroco,n,ep)fffiHM5I (r / Kr ) : Pac"tern (:Jo.3iJyxoo6,Me'Ha e 7W,Me e'Huu npu 'IW'HiJu'4'UO'Hupoea'HUU II IIY. BTopa£ napa (6e3 1-ro rro,n;orpeBa) - TOJIbKO ,n;JI5I TII. KarrMTaJIbHbIe BJIO)Ke- HM5I B03paCTYT, HO CHM351TC5I 3KCnJIyaTan;lIOHHbIe M3,n;ep)f(KII. PaCqeT no npMBe,n;eHHbIM 3aTpaTaM, 1I3JIO)KeHHbIll B rJIaBe no 3KOHOMIIKe CMCTel\I TBr, ,lI,aCT o,n;H03HaqHbIll OTBeT Ha 3TOT Bonpoc. A . _ L Qrr u'l - G rr ' d = . (11.5) H3 3HTaJIbnMM If JIM BJIaroco,n;ep)fffiHII£ y,n;aJI5IeMOrO B03,lIJTxa BbI"t.IIITaIOT COOTBeT- CTBYIO:rn;lIe H3MeHeHM5I 3THX BeJIlIqMH II Ha JIyqe c rrOJIyqalOT TOqKY TI (pIIC. 11.5). He,n;ocTaToK CIICTeMbI KOH,n;MIJ,MOHlIpOBaHH5I C rrOMep)K3,HlIeM B TeqeHlIe Bcero rO)J;a G rr = G TI1 COCTOIfT B nOBbIllIeHHOM 3HepronOTpe6JIeHIIII nplI pa60Te B XOJIO,n;HbIH nepMO,LI;. QacTlfqHa51 pe pKYlliIwrn B03,n;yxa CHII)KaeT 9HepronOTpe6JIemfe CIICTeMbl. TIpII HII3- KOM TeMrrepaType HapY)KHOrO B03,n;yxa, xapaKTepHoll ,n;JI5I XOJIo,n;Horo rrepMo,n;a, Tpe- 6yeTc5I HarpeB 3Toro B03,n;yxa nepe,n; CMerneHIIeM ero C pen;IIpKYJI5IU;MOHHbIM (qaCTblO B031IY xa , y,II,aJI£eMOrO 1I3 nOMe eHIf5l). B rrpOTIfBHOM cJIyqae JIIIH1I5I CMellIeH1I5I (lIYHK- TMpHa51 JIIIHIf51 Ha plfC. 11.6) rrepeceKaeT JIMHIIIO 'P = 100%, II BJIara, cKOH,II,eHClfpo- BaHHa51 Ha CTeHKax KaMepbI CMeIIIeHI15I, 3aMep3aeT. KOJIlfqeCTBO HapY)KHOrO B03,1J;yxa G H onpe,n;eJI5IIOT no HopMlIpyeMoM BeJIIfqlIHe B03- ,n;yxoo6MeHa. KOJIlIqeCTBO peI MpKYJIIIpyeMoro B03,lIJTxa (Kr/q): 30 u 0 0- f't) a to 20 c:3 e: c:3 2- 10 G p = G rr - G H , (11.6) BJIarocO!I;ep)fffiHlfe CMeCIf (r / Kr ) : de = G p X d y + G H X d H G p + G H (11.7) ToqKa C JIe)KIIT Ha rrepeCeqeHIUI JIIIHUM de = const If i rr = const (pIIC. 11.6). qa- CTlIqHa£ peIJ,lfpKYJI5IU;1I5I B03,lIJTxa 3HaqIfTeJIbHO cOKpa:rn;aeT pacxo)J; TerrJIOTbI (K )K/q) (HarpeBalOT He BeCb rrplITOQHbIM B03,n;yX, a TOJIbKO G H ): QI = GH(i K - i H ), (11 8) -10 II pacxo,n; BJIarM (r / q) : W = Grr(d rr - de). (11.9) Pen;MpKYJI5IIJ,M5I B03,lIJTxa He MCKJIlOqaeT rrpllMeHeHMe ,n;pyrlfx cnoco60B 1I3MeHeHM£ COCT05lHII5I B03,n;yxa, HanpHl\1ep HarrpaBJIeHlIe qaCTII B03,n;yxa no 06BO,n;HOMY KaHa.rry rrpl1 a,n;Ma6aTHOM YBJIa)KHeHIfIlIfJIM rrplfMeHeHMe napOYBJIa)KHeHII5I (JIIIHH5I TI-W), KO- Topoe HeCKOJIbKO CHlf3l1T TeMnepaTYPY 1-ro no,n;orpeBa (TOqKa Kl Ha pMC. 11.6). TIpH 60.,Tlb1lIOM OTJIMqlf1l G XIT II G TI1 (50% II 6oJIee) rrpoeKTlIpYIOT ,n;Be rrapbI BeHTIfJI5In;IfOHHbIX CIfCTel\1. O,n;Ha napa (npIIToK-BbIT5I)KKa-peU;lIpKYJI5In;1f5l) - ,n;JI5I XII -20 50 o 1, 10 nap/4UanbHOe aaBneHue BOaRHblX napoB, 10 2 H / M 2 5 W m ' " 1, 1 1,2.,0 n 1,22 .1,24 r 1,26 -.1, 1,28 ! 1,30 1 j "'. f 1,32 i fir 1,34 'Ir' , 1,36 f 0 50 r- ..COo') 6: 1, 12 40 1, 14 1,16 o o 5 0\0 :f> 0\0 ,, 0\0 \) °1 0 x °1 0 . 0 1 () ° 1 0°/ 0 1\ 01 0 0 1 \ qv 0 ,0 ,0 , O }o( ,0 0 qO c:: cE< €>O y,0 YZAoBou Ili K,4:JIc 1 0 K03cpl/Ju/4ueHm =-,- !1d K2 ; " [ ,,( Go "J'JO 3 000 ,:>0 2500 AO "JO 3HmanbnUR i, K/lJK. / KZ O <'soo .1"$00 .-a Zb \ \ 0 <=> ...... 0° <:::,) 0° <:::,) 0° <:::,) <:::,) ,0 10 15 20 25 BnozocoaepxaHue d, 2/ K2 30 35 PUC. 11.5. ITpMparu;eHMe TeIIJIO- M BJIaroco,n;ep)K3.HM5I B03,n,yxa B IIOMe eHMM