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}IX aBTOp III Ka'KYro 1I0JIb3Y IIpJIHeCeT 3HaKOMCTBO C ero 'I\HII'I'OH.
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U'OCJIe)];HHM IHMIIelpaTOpOM MaHb"tJmYPCMoH a'CTHH U:iHH,
rrpaBHBmeii B KHTae 60JIee ABYX C nOJIOBHHOH CTOJIeTHH.
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COBMeCTHO C RHTaiicKHMII cf>eo,n;aJIaMH nO)];aBHTL BOCCTaHlIe
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CTpaHIIJIII CBOIO BJIaCTb Ha BCIO TeppHTopHIO RHTaH.
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cepBa HH B CTpaHe cf>eO)];aJILHLIX OTHomeHHH. MaHb"tJiRYPCKHe
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5
MeJIbHYIO COOCTBeHHOCTb II ycn '1I1 1II 3KcIIJlyaTaQIIIO KHTan-
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,n;aBJIHJIII OHH JII061)Ie aHTIIcpeO,n;aJIhTIble II aHTII laIlbqmypCRIIe
BbICTYIIJIeHHH RIITaIrCHorO 11 ,n;Pyrnx HapO,n;OB, HaCIIJIbCTBeHHO
BRJIIOqeHHbIX B COCTan IIX lIMIICPJI'II.
B 80-x ro,n;ax XVIII BORa Ha-qaJICfl npoQecc BHYTpeIIHero
3arHHBaHIIH D;IIHCI oiI II IIIepIIII; IfaHb"lImypCRoe BJIa,n;bI-qeCTBO
HenpepbIBHO CJIaoeJIO B pe3YJIbTa TO BOCCTaHIIll KIITaiicKIIX
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rrHHOB II HHHbD;3IOHeM B cepe,n;IIHe XIX BeRa) rr BblcTYIIJIeHIIM
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MHO II )];pyrrrx, a TaKiI\e B pe3YJIbTaTe aTpelCCIIII 1<a'IJIITaJIHCTII-
'tfeCRITX rocy,n;apCTB, na-qa.rro HOTopofr 6bTJIO nOJIOiI\CHO aHrJIO-
HIITaiicI oii «OIIHY:MHOib> noiiIIOII 183f}-1842 rO OB.
IIocJIe HITOHO-KHTaHCKOM BOHHbI 1894-1895 TO)J;OB H HH-
TepBeHQ'nH BOCffiIII J1:epmaB IC el£blO rrOfJ:aBJIeHIIH rrapO]::(Horo
aHTJIIII {IIep'naJIIICTII1J:eCROrO BOC'CTanIIH HX3Tyancii B 1900-
1901 l'o;:J:ax }\'JITaii B npaBJleHHe rroc.i0J(HIIX IJ;JIHCRIIX HMIIe-
paTopOB ryaHclOH H CMeH'HBmero ('fO B 1908 rO:IY IIy 11
IIpeBpa TIIJICH B IIOJIYROJIOHIIIO II IrrepJIaJIHCTIIl{eCRHX D;e'pmaB.
CTO rOpOf];OB, nopTOB II rrpHcTaHeII QHHCI\Oll llMnepIIH 6bT-
JIll OTRpbITbI ,n;JIH 6ecrrperrHTcTBeHHoll TOprOBJIII IIIIOCTpaHHbIX
I<arrIITaJIIICTOB. B Ta IomeHHblX opraHax II frrepTIII Ha PYKOBO-
H HX rrOCTax pa6oTa.rro OROJIO )J;BYX TbICHQ IIHOCTpaH eB.
,L(BOP II npaBTITe:rbCTBO ObT:III orrYTaH:bI I aOaJIbHbIMII 3aiiMa-
1\-III IIHOCTpaHHbIX 6aHKoB. I1 IrreprraJIIICTII"lIeCRHP ,n;epmaBbI
«apHH,TI;OBaJIII» "tJaCTH KIITanCKoii TepprrTopIIII, HMeJIH B I\IITae
CBOH ROH eCCIIII II CeTTJIb lenTbL 6aHR,II, BJIa,n;e:rrr me,rre3HbIMH
,TI;OpOra fII, ma XT a .fIT, PYJJ;HrrKa fn, rra pOXOl1:lJbTI fII ROMrra HIIH-
:\III, TeJIe£pOHHbI:\fII .rrIIHIIH III If T. J(. B CTO.TIJIQe IIeI JIIIe II no
Bcex CTpaTerII1:JeCI ITX nYHRTax QIIHcI\on JI nTeprrII HMeJIUC})
J\pyrrHbTe rapHII30IIbT ITHOCTpaHJlLIX BoiicI , a B IOpCKIIX II
ne1:JHbIX rropTax CTOHJIJI ITIJOCTpanHbTe 3C fnHQbI II RaHOHepKH.
JIHmb cepbe3IIbTe rrpOTIIBOpOtJIIH MCiI<J{Y n frreprraJInCTH-qeCKII-
[rr epmaBa III HaKanYIIe nepnon Irrponoii BOllHbY IIO:Mema-
:III rrx BoopYiI eH'HO JY B Irrna TeJIbCTBY B XO;( CIIHbxaiicKorr
peBo.'1IOQIJII n RIIT3 r. cBeprrnen QIIHCRYIO MOHa pxnIO *.
IIoCJlc OTpetIrnTIH I IIHCJ OrO JI;Bopa OT ITpCCTOJla IIy 11
* PeBOJIJOQIJH B RnTae naqa,TJac h BOCCTanneM 'tJacTeii ' ,TqaHCKOro
rapIlII30na 10 OI\THOpH 1011 rOAa; 17 rPeBpaJIH 1912 ro a B nOCJIe -
JInx quc,.a \: rO:I;3 r IT HI)\" a 11 no I\TTTa ii(,I\O IY ,TIYHnO IY R3,TJeHn;a pIO HH-
CRan J(TTHaCTJHf OTpeH.lar r. OT npeCTO:rJa OTCIOJJ:a ITa3BaHUe peBOJIIO-
I IJJJ - CunI>xaUCH3R.
6
(BceMH rOCYJJ;apCTBeHHbIl\IH ,J];eJIarMH 3a KOT'OpOl'O B ne,pno',J.
" ..
rrpeObIBaHIIH Ha l1pOHe BC)J;aJI ero {)TCU; - pereHT, BeJIIIRIIlI
KHH3b qY'Hb, pOJ];HOH 6paT HMTIepaT,Opa fyaHCIOH) :II elf 0 6JIH-
if\aHIIIee oh ymeHlIe AO 1924 rOJl.a IIpo.n;OJImaJIlH rrpo-
inIIBaTb B IIeKIIHe, B IL'IlIcpaTopCRO l Bop e Ha TeppIITopIIII
TaR Ha3bIBaOMoro 3arrpeTHoro ropo a. C IeHIIBIIIee HHCI OO
rrpaBHTieJIbCTBO TaR Ha3bIBae:Moe pecrryOJlIIRaHCROe npanu-
TeJIb'CTBO, KOTopoe IJ03fJIaBJIHJI CTaBJIeHHIIK lI}lIIepnaJIHCTII-
l:IeCRIIX p;epmaB H KHTaHCROII cpeO;:J;aJIbHO-l\OMIIpaAOpCROll: pc-
aKD;HH reHepaJI IOaHb IIIn-KaII, a 3aTCM IIpaBIITeJIbCTBa pa3-
JIIIllHbIX MIIJIIITapnCTOB H3 6:JHHIICROii, ll}nHJIIIllCROII, <p3HTHHT)-
CROll, aHbXOH'CI-loii II )J;,pyrHx rpYIIIIIIp'OBOK IIpll3HaBaJlJll 3:1
u
ObIBIIlII I IIHCKHM )J;BOpO:M pH IIpIIBIIJIerIIl1 II BbIII:Ial:JIIBa:III
e:MY KpYIIHble eHOjHIIble CYMl\IbI. B 1924 ro,n;y reHepaJI cDJH
IOH-CHH, 06'bHBIIBllIlIlr ce6H CTopOIIHnKO l KHTaHCKoro pCBO-
;1I0n;I10IIepa-)J;e IOKpaTa CYHb H T-ceHa, B03fJIaBJIHBIIIerO pC-
BOJIIOn;'IIOHHoe IIpaBHTC:IbCTBO IOmHol'o hlITaH, H3I"HaJI TIy II
II efO CBHTY H3 )J;BOpn;a. TIocJIe RpaTKoBpe leHHoro npe6bIBa-
HHH B HIIOHCKOH )J;HII.JIO la TIIQeCfiOII IIIC'CIIII B IIoKIIIIe, npe,];o-
cTaBHBIIIeH eMY rrOJIIITIIlleCKOe y6emlIm;e, TIy 11 IIepe6paJIcn
na IIOCTOJIHHOe mIITe:lbCTBO B THHbn;3IIHb, Ha TeppHTopIIIO
HIIOHOROH Ko eCCHH, 'r e HaXO IIJICH no Ha emHoii 3a-
Ill;ll T{) H Hlil OHIC RIIX B 0 H C,l\ II II OJI UIJ;II'II. B R 0 II U; e 1931 r O,J,:1
HIIOHQbI opraHII30BaJIII ero TaHHbIII rrepce3 na IIO I OHTpOJIb-
HYro HM Tepp:nTopHro MaHh4:mypHII.
B 3KcrraHc:nOHHCTCKHX nJIaHaX n IlIeplIaJIIICTIPIeCRIIX I Py-
rOB HliOHIIII CeBepo- BOCT01IHbIii RIITaii (IIJIII MaHbtImypIIH)
Bcef,n;a 3aHII faJI BII;:J;IIoe :MCCTO.
Em;e BO Bpe IH BOHUbI C IIHChoii II IlIcpIIe:ii B 18f)4-
1895 rO)J;ax, KOTopaH B OCHOBHOM BeJIaCb B IOlliHoii MaIIb 1 1-
myplIH H na JIflO)J;YIICl\OM: IIOJIYOCTpOBe, MOJIo;J;on n II1epIIa.JIII-
CTIIlleCKOll )J;epmaBe y,n;aJIOCb HaHeCTII O;J;pRXJIeBIIleMY cpeO;(aJIh-
HOMY RHTaro pelIIIITeJIbHOe nopameHIIe II 3aXBaTIITb COCC;J;-
HYOID C MaHbtImypneH Ropero, a nOCJIe BOHHbI 1904-1905
rO;J;OB C apcRoII Poccnen (KoTopaH TaKllie Be.rraCb ,Ha PdB-
IIIIHax II COIIl\aX MaHh4:n YPHII) YCTaHOBIITb cBoir BOCHHbIii
I\OH'VpOJIb II Ha)J; ,paH8o ap,eH 'OBaIIHbI I n;apeKOH POCCIl0ii
RBaHTYHCKIIM oRpyro I JIHO.n;YHCRoro rrO.JIYOCTpOBa B IOi-I\HoII
MaHb1:JmypHII. OlInpaHCb Ha tIaCTII l];IICJIOn;HpOBaBlIIenc H Ta I
co mTa6-KBapTHpoii B AaiipeHe (Aa TJHHe) oT6opHon l\Ban-
TYHCK'OM apMlimI II Ha HIIOH,CRYro IOmHo-lVIaHbQ}f\ypCRYIO iI\0-
JIe3HO;J;opOiRHYro :KO IIIaHlIro, HrrOHIIH CTaJIa rOTOBIITI C!l I
paClliIIpeJIIIIO cBooii arpeccIIII B MaHbl:lmypIIII.
7
llpOBaJI HnOHCKOH HHTepBeH HH Ha COBeT'CKOM AaJILHeM:
BOCTOKe, HaiRHM Ha HnOHHIO eo CTOpOHLI ,IU>yrHx HMTIepHa-
JIIICTIIqeCKIIX epmaB I10CJIe OKOH1JaHHH nepBOH IMHpOBOH
BOHHbI II pH,r( cpaRTopOB BHYTpeHHero IIopH,n;Ka Ha BpeMH npH-
OCTaHOBlIJIH HnOHCKYIO 3KCIIaHCHIO B MaHL1JmypHIO, o,n;HaKO
yme B HIOJIe 1927 ro a Ha CIIen;IIaJIbHOH KOH epeH HH, coa-
BaHHOH MIIAoM HIIOHlIH no,r( npeAce,n;aTeJIbCTBOM rrpeMLep-
l\fHHHCTpa TaHaKa, 6bIJI o,n;o6peH MeMopa.H,n;YM «06 OCHOB-
Hoil nOJIUTHKe B OTHomeHHH RllTaH», KpaTtKOe co epmaHHe
ROToporo BLIpamaJIOCL B CJIe,n;YIOm;eH <ppa3e: «MaHL1JmYPHIO
II MOHrOJIHIO CJIep;yeT paCCMaTpHBaTL OT,r(eJILHO OT KHTaH B
CHJIY Cne HaJIbHLIX HHTepeCOB HnOHHH».
18 ceHTH6pH 1931 rop;a, opraHH30BaB rrpoBoKa HoH'HLIH
«MaHL1J:iRypCKHH HHD;n,n;eHT», HIIOHCKHe BOHCKa oKKyrrHpoBa-
JIll CeBepo BoCTO"IJHLm RUTaH II nCKope C03 aJIH TaM MapHO-
HeTOqHOe rocy,n;apCTBO MaHbqmoy-fo*. Bo rJIaBe ero OHH
rrOCTaBHJIH 6bIBmero HMIIepaTopa MaHL1JmypOKOH HHCKOH
HHaCTlIH 26-JIeT'Hero I1y II, KOTOpLIH aaTeM rrpe,n;a'HHO CJIY-
iRHJI CBOHM HnOHCKHM X03HeBaM n01J:TH 14 JIeT.
BbI60p HlIOH aMll ero KaH,n;H)J;a TypLI B Ka"IJe'CTBe rJIaBLI
:3TOrO MapHOHeTOqHOrO rocy,n;apCTBa 6bIJI, TaKHM 06paao.M, He
CJIyqaeH: OIIHpaHCL IHa npHTH3aHHH IIy II II ero OtKpymeHIIH
,Ha BOCCTaH'O'BJIeHHe !BJIaCTII IlHHOB na Bcen ,paHee 1II000JIaCT-
HOll MaHL1J:mypaM TeppllTopHII, HIIOH LI paCC"lJHTbIBaJiH coa-
,n;a TL <popMaJIbHLIH npe,n;JIor K TOMY, 1J:To6LI IJPH6pa TL R py-
KaM BeCb RHTaH II MOHrOJIbCKYIO HapO HYIO Pe.cny6JIHKY.
I1epHOJJ; npe6LIBaHHH I1y II B CeBepo-BoCTO"IJHOM RHTae
B RaqeCTBe MapHOHeTOqHOrO «BepXOBHoro rrpaBHTeJIH», a 3a-
TeAl, c 1lMa ' pTa 1934 ['o,n;a, B RalqeeTBe IHMII,epaTopa MaHb"t)]jR{)y-
fo 3HaMe.HOBaJICH YCTaHOBJIeIDIeM TaM meCTOKoro BoeHHO-
£f>amHcTcRoro rrpaBJIeHHH HIIOHCROH BoeHm;HHLI II rrpeBpa e-
HHeM MaHmmYPHH 'B Ta'Ryro 'me ,K'OJlOOlrHIO HITIOH'CKOro HiMlIIe-
p'IIaJIH'3M:a, Ra II oocefWHH RopeH. Bee CbLpbeBLIe, [rDpOlM"bIm-
JIeHHbIe, JIIO,n;CKHe H Tpa'HCliopTHbIe pecypcLI Cenepo-BOCT01J:-
HbIX IIpOBHH Hii RHTaH 6bIJIH rrOCTaBJIeHbI Ha cJIym6y Hrro-
HUH. PYKOBO,n;CTBO rrOJIHTHqec.KUMH, 3KOHOMHqeCRHMH, BoeH-
HLI fH II J];HIIJIOMaTH1J:eCKHMH ,n;eJIaMH B MaHL1J:moy-fo, paB-
HO HaK II ROHTpOJIb B 06JIaCTH HJ];eOJIOrHH, ocym;eCTBJIHJIH
HIIOHD;:bI. Ram bIii MHHHCTp-KHTaen; MapHOHeTO"IJHOro rrpaBH-
TeJIbCTBa HMeJI 3aMeCTHTeJIH-HIIOH a, £f>aKTH1JeCRH pemaB-
rnero 3a Hero Bce BOIIpOCLI. I1pH caMOM IIy II B 'Ka"IJeCTBe ero
* CJIOBO «fO» nO-KHTaiicKII 03HaqaeT «focYAapCTBO».
8
COBeT.HHKa H IIpe,n;CTaBJITeJIH HIIOHCKOrO HMlIepa TOpa HeOT-
JIyqHO HaXO,n;JIJICH reHepaJI-JIeiiTeHaHT ECHOKa, BJIa,n;eBillHH
KHTaHCKHM H3LIROM II nplICYTCTBOBaBmnii IIPH BCeX 6eceAax
H IIplIeMaX lIy II. BCeMJI IIo,n;pa3AeJIe.HIIflMH apMHII MaHL-
qmoy- fo, HaCqHTLIBaBmeii IIpJIMepHO 120 TblCHq "lJeJIOBeR,
TaKiKe Ha eJIe KOMaH OBaJIH HIIOH LI. Ha TeppHTopll1l MaHL-
"lJiKoy-fo Haxo,n;HJIOCL 15 HIIOHCKHX KOHCYJIbCTB, PYKOBOAHB-
mHX ,n;eHTeJILHOCTLIO MeCTHOH aAMHHHCTpa HJI, a HIIOHCKoe
IIOCOJILCTBO B CTOJIHn;e MapJIOHeTOqHOrO rOCYAapCTBa CHHb-
3HHe (QaHL"lJYHb) B03rJIaBJIHJI caM KOMaH,n;YIO HH RBaHTYH-
CKoii apMJIeH. lIo Tpe60BaHHIO HIIOH eB lIy II B IIIOJIe 1940
ro,n;a II3 aJI YRa3 0 BBeAeHIIH HIIOHCKOH peJIHrHH - CIIHTOIl3-
Ma - B KaqeCTBe rocy,n;apcTBeHHoH peJIHrHH MaHb"IJiRoy-fo.
B ro,n;bl BTOpOH MHpOBOii BoiiHLI HIIOHJIH YCJIJIHJIa IIOAro-
TOBKY RBaHTY.HcKOH apMJIH K HalIa,n;eHHIO Ha COBeTcKHH Co-
103, paCCtIHTLIBaH Ha OCJIa6JIeHHe ero B xo e 60PL6LI C £f>amH-
CTCROH fepMaHJIeH II ee COI03HIlliaMII.
O,n;HaKO COBeTCKHe BoopYiKeHHLIe CHJIbl COpBaJiH 6pe,n;o-
BLIe IIJIaHbl HIIOHCKOH BoeH HHLI. 17 aBrYCTa 1945 ro,n;a B03-
,n;ymHo-,n;ecaHTHoe IIO pa3,n;eJIeHHe COBeTcKoii APMIIH, l\lOJI-
HHeHOCHLIM y apo,M 06pYlIIIIBmeecH 'Ha HIIOHCKHH BoeHHLIii
aapo,n;pOM B illaHLHHe (MYK,n;eH), 3aXBaTHJIO B IIJIeH lIy II,
ero CBHTY, COlIpOBOiR aBmHX lIy II HIIOHCKIIX reHepaJIOB
:EclIoKa H XacHMoTo, OiKHAaBmHX na aapo,n;pOMe HIIOHCKoro
CaMOJIeTa, KOTOpLIH )J;OJIiReH 6bIJI ,n;OCTaBHTL Bcex HX B Hrro-
HHIO. lIopameHHe RBaHTYHcKOii apMHH IIpHBeJIO K RarrHTYJIH-
HII .HIIOHHH H OKO'HqaHHIO BTOpoii MlIpOBOii BOHHLl. OKOJIO
IIHTII JIeT lIy II IIpOBeJi B Ra "£leCTBe BOeHHOIIJIeHHOrO B Co-
BeTCKOM COlO3e H 31 HIOJIH 1950 ro a 6LIJI nepe,n;aH BJIaCTHM
RHTaHoRoH HapoAHoii PeclIy6JIIIKH, IIO npocL6e IIOCJIe)QIHX,
BMeCTe co CBHTOii II "lJJIeHaMII 6LIBmero MapHOHeTO"tJHoro
npaBHTeJIbCTBa MaHL"£liKoy- fo.
Bo BpeMH CBoero IIpe6LIBaHHH B CCCP lIy II ,n;aJI IIpO-
CTpaH'HLIe IIOKa3aHIIH 0 ,n;eHTeJIbHOCTII IIpaBHTeJILCTBa MaHL-
"lJmoy-ro H 0 HIIOHCKOH IIOJIIITIIKe B MaHL"lJmypHII.
B aBrYCTe 1946 ro,n;a OH BLICTYlIaJI B Ka"IJeCTBe CBH eTe-
JIH o6BHHeHHH B MeiR,n;YHapOAHOM BoeHHOM TpH6ynaJIe AJIH
,[(aJILHerO BocToKa B To KilO, r,n;e TaKiRe coo6IqHJI pa3JIIPIHLle
H.HTepeCOBaBmHe TpH6YHaJI CBe eHHH 0 HIIOHCKOM BJIaALIqe-
CTBe B MalHL"lJiRypHH II 0 IIO)J;rOTOBKe HIIOHCKOH BoeH HHoii
BOHHLI C COBeTCKHM COlO30M C TeppHTopHII MaHL"tJiRoy-fo.
HeJIL3H He OTMeTHTL, "tJTO KaK B CBOHX nOKa3aHHHX, ,n;aH-
lIpI COBeTCKHM BJIaCTHM B 1945 ro,n;y II MeiR,n;YHapo)J;HOMY
9
noeHIIO IY Tpn6yna:IY B TOHno B 1946 ro,n;y, TaR H Ha CTpa-
EII ax ,n;aHHoir I{HIIrn TIy M, rOBopH 0 KOJIOHUaJIb'HOM, BoeH-
IIO-IIOJIIIQeiicRO 1 peiRII Ie, YCTalIOBJIeHHOM HIIOHCRlIMII IIMIIe-
p:Ha.JIIIC a III B MaHb1Jmoy-ro, BCHQeCKII CTapaJICH 06eJIHTL
ce6H II CBOIIX IIpnOJIIImCHHbIX, CHHTb C ce6H OTBeTCTBeH-
HOCTb 3a II3l\IeHY CBoe:MY Hapo y, 3a CBOII THmeJIbIe npeCTYII-
.1:eHIIH IIepe HUM, 3a aRTIIBHoe H rHYCHoe IIoc06HII"£leCTBO
JIMilepIIa IIC TIPIeCRII 1 yrHeTa TeJIHM.
I1oc;ro TIe,pe a"£lII IIy II R'HTaiieKH l B.ITaCTHM OH HaXO.IJ;I1JICH
CHaqaJIa B TlOpeMHo I 3aKJIIO"tfeHHII B <DymYHe H Xap6lIHe,
a 3aTe I, C ROH a 1952 ro a,- Ha pemlI le cne IIOCeJIeHIIH.
TIOpe IHbIM II JIarCpHbIll pcm'II ILI 6:bIJlII IICliJJIO'lIHT,e;rbHO
:IbPOTHbL\III: TIy II IperY TJHpHO TIOclIYQa:I KHurIl, ra3CT:bI, cay-
IlIa:! pa IIO, 3aHII IaJlCH CIIOpTOM, CMOTpeJI KIIHO{IJIIJIbMbI II
Tea TpaJIbHbIe IIOCTaHOBKII, IIpIIHH IaJl II'HOCTpaHHbIX rocTeir
II RoppeCIIOH eHTOB, e3 IIJI Ha 3RCRypCHH Ha rrpe,n;rrpHHTHH,
crpoiIHII, B lliROJIbI 'n ce.J:bCJ\oX03HiicTBCHH:ble KOMM:YHbI. (Xa-
paRTepHO, "lITO aHaJIOrIPIHbIii pefl{IIM paCIIpOCTpaHHJlCH II Ha
omlI aBmIIX cy,n;a HIIOHCKIIX BoeHHbIX IIpeCTYIIHIIROB, co,n;ep-
maBmIIXCH B RHP B Tex me :MeCTax 3aRJII01JeHIIH, "tJTO H I1y
H. Pa3HII a fem.n;y HII fII H I1y H COCTOHJIa JIlImb B TOM, TJTO
I1X Cy,;w.aII, a I1y II TaR II HO 6"bIJI CYAIEM'>
Bce 3TO BpeMH I1y H ,n;eHTCJIbHO «IICPCBOCIlUTbIBaJICH», CII-
CTe Ia TIPICCRII e:Ia:I 3aHBJleHIIH 06 OCYJI{;J;eHIIII CBOHX nporn-
JIbIX ,n;ciicTBIIiI II IIocTyrrI oB, cJlymaJI ;rCI{ IIII II IIOJIHT6ece;U;bI,
I13YQa TI IIporraraH IICTCRYIO JIIITepaTYPy, IIpn06 aJICH K £f>n-
3II"£leCKO fY TPYJJ:Y, BbIcTy,rra.:I B KpYiHRax xY 'Ofl{eCTBeHHoii ca-
l\IO;Ie HTe lbIJOCTII II T. ,n;.
B eRa6pe 1959 ro)];a, TJepe3 Ba IeCH a IIOCJIe Toro, KaK
TIy M II 60:IbillOir rpYIIIIe BoeIIHbIX IIpeCTYIIHIIROB 6bIJIa 06'b-
HBJIena a:MHnCTHH, OH 6bIJI oCB060m eH II eMY pa3penm:JIH
rrpOI-HIIBaHile B TIeRIIHe.
Em;e B fapTe 1960 ro)];a, Ror,n;a I1y H CTaJI pa60TaTb B
IleRIIHcRo f 60TaHII"lJeCROM ca;u;y HHcTHTYTa 60TaHIIKn IIPH
AHa c fIIII HayR RHP, OH IIa"tfa.rr IIuea Tb «aBT06II'O-
rpaw'ulO». r'OAOM rr03f1,e, Yil\C 6y yqII COTPY;J;HIII{QI)I ROMIIITCTa
no 1I3YQCHTIIO IICTOpnQCCRIIX Ia TOpMaJIOB IIPH BccRIITaMcKoM
Hapo,n;Ho-I1oJlIITIIQOCRO I ROHcY T[bTaTIIBIIo 1 COBeTe, I1y H
BCen;eJIrO 3aHHJICH CROCI I RIIIIroii. B a.rrpe;re 1962 po-
;:(a OH IQI,a3a::rCH ;J;CHIYTa TO'.U Bcc'R'llTailcKoro HapQi HO-
IlOJIHTIIQeCKOrO ROHcY lbTaTIIBHoro COBeTa. Ily II aI{TIIB-
HO IIOCem;aJI o<pII IIaJIbHble IIpIIe lbI II 6aHKeT:bI, pa3J];a-
BaJI HarrpaBo II Ha;JCnO IIHTepBblO RHTa iiChII 1 II IIHocTpa HHbI f
10
1\oppecn6Il eIITaM, OOMI-\O B:bICRa3:bIBaJICH no pa3JIIPIH:bIM l\leil -
;:I,YHapO I1bL\I BOIIpOCa I. B 1964 rOAY B IloHIIHo ObIJIa 1I3,D;aHa
oro lliIMra «fIOpnaH rrOJIOBtIIHa l\IOeH I-I"II3IIlI». Bo}\{)V e rroc;re
8Toro HMH TIy M HCtJe3JIO co CTpaHHI.\ RHTanCRlIX ra3eT, a B OK-
TH6pe 1967 rOAa areHTCTBO «CHHbxya» JIa'l\OHUtJHO coo6 n.rro
o ,ero IC,l\ICpTll.
* * *
qe,M In e fllHTepeC'Ha l\HIIra ITy 11, llpe JIaraeMaH BHII-
l\faHIIIO COBeTCl\UX 1JUTaTeJIeii?
BpH,D; JII! ee MOJI\HO C1JMTaTb aBT06norpacpMeiL COBepmeH-
H'O otJ:eBH,IWO, itJTO o()Ha 'DJp,e;::(CTaB:JHGT 'Co60iI KOJIJIeRTIIBH:bIll:
TP Y,D; r pyrr n:bI B:bI co KO KB a JIH: <p IIn;II po Ba H H:bIX C II enIIaJIII C T 0 B - II c-
TOpIIKOB, npIIBJIOqeIIH:bIX B nO 10 b «aBTOpy».
ITo 60raTcTBY co epma erOCH 'B 'HeM cpaRTlftIeC Oro MaTe-
puaJIa, 1JTO caMO no ceoe Tpe60BaJIO IIpoBe eHHH cnen;IIa b-
H:bIX IICCJIe,D;OBaHMII, no xapaRTepy H3JIOiHeHUH 11 CBoeMY JIII-
Topa TypHOMY CTM.iIIO 8Ta RHnra HBHO B:bIXO,D;HT 3a rrpe,D;eJIbI
HHTeJIJIeKTyaJIbHOrO ypOBHH, 3pY IIn;IIH 11 JIIITepaTypHbIX CIIO-
CooHOCTeII TIy M. 06 z rOl\'I, no cy eCTBY, rOBopilTCH II B 3a-
py6emH:bIX peu;eIl3IIHX Ha ero RHllry *. C BnOJIHe IIOHHTHOH
CKpOMHOCT:bIO 3TO nO,D;TBepil-\p;aeT II ca I aBTOp: « YtJpem,D;eHIIe,
B KOTOpO:\! H paOOTaJI, - IInmeT OH, - C03p;aJIO ]J;JIH MeHH ,M:ac-
cy Y 06CTD, npe,D;OCTaBIIB l\IHe, B 1JaCTHOCTII, MHomeCTBO n;eH-
H:bIX HCTOpH1JeCKMX M:aTepnaJIOB. EJIarO apH rrOMOrn;H MHorHX
He3HaROI\I:bIX 1fHe p;pY3eii H C 10r IIOJIYlIIIT:b pH,D; n;eHH:bIX cBe-
,D;OH'lIH H3 6Ir6JillI{)TeK II a pXIIBOB, a TaRmc rrOJIL30Ba T:bCH 'Ma-
TepHaJIa}III, cnen;lIaJI:bHO Hall,J;eHHbIMH ,D;JIH l\feHH. HeKOTOp:bIe
113 Hnx 6:bIJIII CJIOBO B CJIOBO nepenlICaH:bI II3 pe 1JaMmIIX IIC-
TOtJHIIKOB JIIO :bMJI, KOTOp:bIX H HIIKor a He BII eJI. YT01JHIITb
II IIpOBepUT:b IIIorIIe c))aRT:bI II CBe eHIIJI IIO IOrJIII MHe pa60T-
BURff H3 aTeJI:bCTB» **.
KHnra, Heco IHeHHo, nOJIe3IIa yme nOTO IY, lITO B Hen CO-
,D;epmIITCH 60JIbJIlOn p;OKY IeHTaJI:bH:bIft Ma TepnaJI (B 3Ha"tJll-
TeJI:bHOii CBoen l.IaCTM BnepBbIC I1CnOJI:b3yeM:bIH B nCTOpJPIe-
CKOM JIIITepaType) 0 IIOJIIITIPIeCROM IICTOpIIII n;MHCKoro KIITaH
C IIOCJIe,D;HeiI "lIeTBepTH XIX BeRa H o cBepmeHMH n;H.HCKOH
* C L, HanpH lep, J e rom e C h'e n, The Last Enlperor of China.
Bulletin of the School of Oriental' and African Studies, Univers ty of
London. Vol. XXVIII, part. 2, 1963, pp. 336-355. Henry 1V\cAie-
a v y, From Emperor to Citizen. Book Review. The China Quarterly,
N 27, 1966, pp. 180-182.
** C I. A ii C II H b r II 0 P 0 IT y M. BO,I1;hI D;51Hb 6aHh maR
ITeKIIH, 1964.
11
IIHaCTIIH B pe3YJILTaTe peBOJIIO HH 1911 ro a, 0 3aXBaTBtttte-
CKHX rrJIaHaX H eftcTBMHx HITOHCKllX HMITepllaJIllCTOB B RII-
Tae, 0 C'03,IJ;aHtH!1I IIM!l:I IMapllOHeTQltIHOrO MaHL'IliKoy- f011I tKOJIOHll-
'aJIbHbIX II{)pH HaX, YCTaHOBJIeHHLIX JI'MII B aTOM «l'ocy apCTHe».
B HeH IICIIOJIb30Ba,HbI apXllBHLIe .n;OKYMeHTLI II MaTeplIaJILI
IIHCJ\'Oro ABopa II npaBllTeJlLCTBa, «Ha6poORII no MCTOIpHiH
I(IIHCKOH IIHaCTlIll» (QHHmH rao), HeBHHKII OT a IIy II-
BeJIIIKOrO KHH3H-pereHTa qYHH H BIIAHLIX nplIABopHLIX ca-
HOBHHK{)B, MaTeipnaJILI ,[(erra'pTaMeHTa :HM'IIepaTOpCIROIDO BO-
pa (HaH Y <Py), pa3JIIPIHbIX MHJIIITapHCTCKIIX rrpaBHTeJILCTB
IIeKIIHa 3a nepHO C 1912 ITO 1927 roAbI, OKYMeHTaJILHLIe
nCTotJHHKH, OTHOCHID;lIeCH R eHTeJILHOCTH MapHoHeTotJHoro
IIpaBHTeJILCTBa IIy II II HIIOHCKIIX BJIaCTeii B MaHLlIiKoy- fo,
KHTaMCKaH II HHOCTpaHHaH npecca.
B KHHre co epiKlITCH eJIaH raJIepeH nopTpeTOB pa3J1HtJ-
HLIX IIOJIHTlItJeCKIIX eHTeJIeH RHTaH KOH a XIX - cepe}J;II-
RLI 40-x rOJJ;OB XX BeKa: B OBcTBYIOID;eii HlMIII8IpaTpIID;LI 1(LI
Cll - BOlOpO HOH 6a6Kll IIy 11, reHepaJIa lOaHL illlI-KaH,
MapmaJIa ,[(yaHL l(H-iKYH, OAHoro II3 JIHAepOB MOHapXIICTOB
reHepaJIa qmaH CIOHH, KHTaHCKHX MHJIIITaplICT'OB qiKaH
l(30-JIIIHH, Y IIaH-<py, KOHCTHTY HOHHbIX MOHapXIICTOB RaH
IO-BaH, JI'HH QII-1IaO, BaH r O-BaH, JIo qIiK3HL-IOH 11 ,I(rp. BLI-
3LIBalOT OIIpe eJIeHH:bIH HHTepec H CBe eHIIH 0 npeACTaBHTe-
JIHX HIIOHCKOH noeHID;IIH:bI - MTaraKH, ,[(OHxapa, YMa 3Y,
ECH,oRa :II JJ;p., JIOIMa TlPIeCKJIlX II !ROHCYJIbCKlllX npe CTaBII-
TeJIHX IIMIIepnaJIHCTlItJeCKHX epiKaB B RHTae, eHTeJIHX Ma-
pHOHeTOtJH,oro rOCY}J;apCTBa MaH:btJiKoy-fo.
qlITaTeJIL Y3HaeT JrIHoroe 00 HpaBax II 06:bItJaHX MaHL"tI-
iKypCKoro }J;Bopa HaKaHYHe peBOJIIO HH 1911 rO}J;a, 0 KpaHHeM
HeBeiKeCTBe, 06cKypaHTH3Me MaH:btJiKypCKIIX npaBHTeJIeM, 0
3aKYJIHCHOH .n;eHTeJI:bHOCTH B CTpaHe areHTOB HMITepHaJIHCTH-
"tIeCKIIX epiKaB.
CO}J;epiKa lIeCH B «aBT06Horpa<pHH» IIy II ,I(OKYMeHTaJIL-
HLIe CBe}J;eHHH YJIlPIaIOT 11 Tex, KTO IT:bITaeTCH pea6HJIHTHPO-
BaTL 3aXBaTHH"tIeCKHe }J;eHcTBHH HllOHCKHX HMIIepHaJIHCTOB B
CeBepo-BocTOtJHOl\1 RHTae, npe}J;CTaBHTL STY arpeCCHIO KaK
CaMO"tInHH:bIe ,I\eMCTBIIH MOJIO,IJ;:bIX HIIOHCKHX o<pH epOB, BLI-
3BaHH:bIe K TOMY iKe «POCTOl\I KHTaMCKoro Ha HOHaJIH3Ma II
cym;ecTBeH HLIM pa3BHTHeM COBeTCKoro KOMMYHH3Ma» *. Ho
* CM., HanpH fep, Sad a k 0 N. 0 gat a, Defiance in Manc.huri,a.
The Making of Japanese Foreign Policy 1931-1932. A Publication of
the Center for Japanese and Korean Studies, University of California,
Berkley, 1964.
12
orry6JI:HK'OBaHHLIe B OOBpelMeHHoOH JlHTepaType aHHbIle HCHO ro.:;
8'OpJIT TOM, "'ITO em;le I O 006LITIIH 18 ceHTH6pH 1931 ro,n;a HIIOH-
OKIIe HM1IIepIIaJIIICTLI llJIamrpOBaJIH C03JJ:aHIIe IB Ce epo-Bo-
CTOrtIHOIM RHTae IIpOHIIOHCRODO 'Ma1pJIOHe'TOqHOrO IIpaBHTeJIhCTBa
BO rJIaB'e C OLIBillmM 'IIIMillepaTOpOM D;HHC.ROH I IIHaCTJIII IIy M.
(RcTaTII CKa3aTL, nOIILITKII CBaJIHTL OTBeTCTBeHHOCTL 3a
aIlpeCOHIO H'II'OHIJiH 'B CeBepo....BoCTO"'IH{W RHTae 'OTHIO L Be
HOBbI. EID;e B <peBpaJIe 1945 rOAa, RorJ(a npaBHID;HM KpyraM
H,II'OHRH CTaillO HCHO, 'tITO B{)HHa [IpO aHa, npHHD; RO'HO III
ero CTopOHHIIR cTapbIH IIJI'OMaT ECH,n;a fi I OWOTOB'llJIlR MeMO-
paH,D;YM IIMIIepaTOpy, B KOTOpOM nbITaJIIICb B3BaJIHTb OTBeT-
CTBeHHOCTb 3a TaK Ha3bIBaeMbIll: MaHLlIiKYPCKHll: IIHD;II,n;eHT
1931 rOJ(a II IIOCJIeJ];YIOID;lIe aRTLI arpeCCIIII Ha MOJIO bIX BoeH-
HbIX, 1IIR06LI JJ;eHcTBoBaBillIIx no Hay eHIIIO ROMMYHIICTOB,
tIT06DI CBeprHYTb 3aKOHHoe npaBIITeJILCTBO HIIOHIIII.)
RHHra IIpOJIHBaeT CBeT II Ha nOJ];JIHHHbIe 06CTOHTeJIbCTBa
«IIOXHID;eHIIH» TIy If HIIOHD;aMH. Ao He,n;aBHero BpeMeHII B 3a-
Py6eiKHoii JIIITepaType 6bIJIa illHpORO pacnpOCTpaHeHa Bep-
'CIDI 0 era HaClIJIbCTBeHHOM BblB03e H3 TJlHb 3mm. TaK, B -
HLIH OOelJjHaJIlBCT no HICTOpIIH CTpaH AaJlbHero
BocToRa a l M,epllKaHOKHH npo eccOlp RJlOIJ]. Eac'c 'B IRBlHre
«A3HH B COBpeMeHHOM MlIpe», oIIy6JIIIKOBaHHoH B 1964 ro,n;y,
lIHCaJI: «B KOHD;e 1931 ro.n;a nOJIKOBHHK AOHxapa opraHH30-
BaJI KHH060eBIIK YiKaCOB. IIpll nOMO H raHrCTepOB II "'IJIeHOB
Tall:HbIX o6ID;ecTB B THHbD;3IIHe OH IIOXHTIIJI IIy If, OTBe3 ero
aa CTOHBillee no,n; napaMH CY HO H BbIBe3 B ceKpeTHoe YKPbI-
THe B MaHb"'IiKypIIH» *. OJ];HaKO IIpnBeJ];eHHbIe B RHHre MaTe-
pHaJ1bI y6ef)JIITeJlbHO OBH eTeJIbCTBYIOT 00 06pOBOJlLH{)IM: xalpaK-
Tepe COTp'YWIBJ1IeCTBa IIy If C HIIIOHOKIIMH IIMIIepIIaJlIICTaMH.
B KHHre paCCKa3LIBaeTCH II 0 AeHTeJILHOCTH CTOpOHHHKOB
peCTaBpa HH IIHCKOH MOHapXHH, 06 YCTaHOBJIeHIIII npH IIX
IIOMOID;H HeIIOCpeJ];cTBeHHoH CBH3H IIy If C HIIOHD;aMH. RpoMe
TOro, OHa AaeT OIIpeAeJIeHHOe npeACTaBJIeHlIe II 0 caMOM «re-
poe pOMaHa» - IIy If.
MaJIoy6e,n;IITeJIbHbI Bce IIonLITKH aBTopa, a TaKiKe TeX,
KTO nOMOraJI eMY B HaIIHcaHIIH «aBT06Horpa<pHH», npeJ(CTa-
BHTL ce6H KaK HeBHHHYIO iKepTBY J(ypHoro BOCIIHTaHHH, H30"
6pa3HTL B caMOM 6e306HAHOM BH,n;e CBOH rHYCHbIe ,n;eJIa. Tpyc..
JIHBbIH, 6ecnpHHIJ;HIIHbIH 11 6ecxa paKTepHbIH BJIaCTOJII06eD;,
BTaHHe Me1JTaBillHH 0 B03BpaID;eHHH Ha TpOH KHTaHCKoro HM-
* C I a u de A. Bus s, Asia in the Modern World The McMillan
Co 1964, New York, p. 382.
13
llepa Topa, ITy Ii <paKTUqeCRH Bcer,n;a 6bIJI l\Ia pnOHeTROII B
py,Kax Y Tex, RTO 60poJICJI 3a BJIaCTb JIJIH HaXO)J;IIJICH Y BJIa-
CTH,- cnepBa Y rrpII,n;BopHOll 3HaTll, y-qaCTBYJI B eo HHTpIIrax
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,.,
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OTBe}];eHa e:MY B 3aXBa THIPJeCKllX IIJIaHaX JlnOHCI{IIX IIMnepna-
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lJmaH IJ:3YH-tJaHa, II 6e.;IOrBap,n;enCI{OrO aTaMaHa CeMeHOBa.
II JlIIOHCKOro pa3Be,J;QlIKa ,[(OIIXap:bI, II ,n;pyrnx HM nOA06H:bIX.
Ero CTpe iJIeHIIe YllTII OT IICTopIPleCKOH npaB)J;:bI Ta I,
,.,
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B aTOM KHHre, HCHO rrOKa3:bIBaeT, 1JTO II nOCJIe }];JIlITeJIbHOii
noc.rrcnoeHH'OH «I1 , e,pORO'BKH» DB MaJIO H3MeHIIJI'CH, JI HCTPYA-
HO nOHHTb, R lIe IY CBeJIIICb pe3YJIbTa TbI ero «l1epeBOCIIHTa-
HlIfl» .
* * *
Bblme ObIJIO Clia3aHO, tJTO IIHTepeCHoro 10meT HaHTlI
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,0 IK{)TOPOM B Hell: H eT 'pC"Ilb. OHa He ,n;aeT HO'qlelPn:bIBaIOm;eDO
IIpe CTaBJIeHIHH HIlI 0 Mem.n;YHapO,l];HOM II BHYTp:WIO RTHqeCcr\OM
<pOHe IQlnnC:bIBaeM:bIX 006:bIT l nii, BIR '0 eYITJ;H{)ICTH OCHOB'H:bIX no-
JtHTII-qec lIX 'CRJI, eHCTBOBaBIIllIX B CTpaHe B paCC IaTp'IIBaeMblii
rrepHO,n;, HH 0 mH3HII II 60p:b6e Hapo,n;H:bIX Macc KHTaJl. HeMa-
JIO 'B Hen II py'rlIx He,l];OCTH TI{'OB. OWIa o BPH}]; JIll IKT{)-JIUOO
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0Y,rJ;eT rrpe}];DHBJIJlTL K HeM TaKHe TpeOOBaHHH.
Ho, Ha Ham B3rJIH,IJ;, YiKe TO, lITO B neH co,n;epmIITCH, 6e3-
YC:IOBHO, 3ac,.ymnnaeT BHIL\1aHHH COBeTCRoro TIHTaTeJIH.
. * .
Kal\ yme YII0 IIIIIa.aOCb, KHura TIy Ii «IIepBafl nOJIOBIIHa
MoeN mn3HH» Ha KHTaiicKo I H3:bIRe B:bIIlIJIa B cneT B 1964 ro-
}];y. C Hee II C}];eJIaH rrpe JIarae:M:blii tJHTaTe.rrIO PYCCKllH nepe-
no}];. B HeM OIIym;eH:bI 3aK:II01JHTeJIbHbIe rJIaB:bI, OIIHCbIBaIO-
IIJ;ue rrpon;ecc «nepeBOcnIlTaHIIH» ITy Ii, nOCKOJI:bKY olIn He
rrpe,n;CTaBJIJlIOT HIIKaRofI HaYtJHOll n;eHHOCTH II CJJymaT rJIaB-
HbIM 06pa30M 1JJICTO rrpOnaraH)];IICTCRHM eJJHM.
C. TUX6U1tC1'i,UU
rJIaBa nepBaH
MOil CEMbH
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H pO,n;IIJICH B n eHIIHe B pe31I,n;eHD;IIH BeJIIIKOrO KHH3H Qy-
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JIa nepBoro MeCHD;a TpH,IJ;D;aT:b BToporo rO,IJ;a npaBJIeHHH ryaH-
CIOH). MOB ):(eJ.]; II XyaH:b-ce',IJ;bMOH CbIH !JIMlnelpaTopa ,[(aorya-
Ha - CHa-qaJIa HOCIIJI THTY.rr KHH3H BTOpOl1 CTeneHII, 3aTe I
CTaJI BeJIIIKHM RHH3eM, a nOCJIe KOHtIIIH:bI eMY 6:bIJI nOlliaJIO-
BaH nOCMepTHbIiI TIITYJI «CHH:b» - My,n;p:bIii. BIIOCJIe,n;CTBIIII
ero TaR II Ha3LIBaJIH - BeJIHKHll: RHH3b qYHb-CHHb. Moll: OTen;,
Q3aH <DaH, 6:bIJI IIHT:bIM CbIHO 1 Y ,n;e,n;a. TIepBLIH, TpeTHH U
-qeTBepT:bIH CbIHOB:bH p;e,n;a YMepJIH em;e B ):(eTCTBe, BTOpoii
CbIH - Q3aH THH:b - 6bIJI BBe,n;eH BO )J;BopeD; CBoen: TeT,KoH co
CTOpOHbI Ma Tepn, B,n;OBCTBYIOm;eii: llMrrepa TpHD;eH QbI CH, II
CTaJI IIMrrepa TOpOM fyaHcroii, n03TOMY nOCJIe CMepTII Ae,n;a TH-
TYJI BeJIIIKOrO KHH3H YHaCJIe,n;OBaJI MOll QTeD;. H 6bIJI CTa pmH I
CbmOM BToporo nOROJIeHIIH RHH3H qynH. MHe '6bIJIO OKOJIO Tpex
neT, Ror,n;a B ,n;Ba,n;D;aTbIH p;eHb ,n;eCHToro !\IeCHD;a no JIYHHOMY
Ka.rre:m a pro (13 HOJIDpH 1908 o a) THme.rro 3a60JIeJIJI B OB-
CTBYromaH 'IfM[JepaTpH a QLI CH II IIMlIIepaTOp fyaHcroii. U::bI
Cn HeOlliH,n;aHHO peIlIHJIa c,n;eJIa T:b l\IeHH HaCJIep;HHROM TpOHa,
H CTaJI npIIe fH:bIM C:bIHOM lI lrrepa Topa TYH"tJlliH (ROTOp:bIii
6bIJI pO HbIM CLmOM D:LI Crr II BOJOpO)J;HLIM 6paToM Q3aH TH-
OH co CTOpOH:bI oTD;a) II HaCJIe,n;HHKOM lI IrrepaTopa fyaHcIOH.
CrrycTH )J;Ba ):(HH nOCJIe Moero nOHB eHHH BO ,n;BopD;e fyaH-
CIOH CKOH"tJaJICH, a 3aTe I YMepJIa II U::bI ClI. B ,n;eBHTLIH ,n;eH:b
O IIHHap;D;aToro MeCH a (2 ,n;eKa6pH 1908 ro,n;a) H BCTyIIIIJI Ha
IIpeCTOJI nop; )J;eBH30M ro,n;OB npaBJIeHIIH CIOaHbTYH, CTaB ,IJ;e-
CHTbIM D;IIHCKHM IIMnepaTopOJ\1 H nOCJIep;HHM IIMIIepaTopO:M
RIITaH. He npom o II Tpex JIeT, KaK pa3pa3IIJIaCb CIIHLxaii-
CHaR peBOJIIOD;IIH II H OTpeI CH OT npeCTOJIa.
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tJeHHH. Ho ,nJIH 60JI!Jmen HCHOCTll H Ha"IJHY C OIO RHury C OTTU-
15
caHHH iKH3HH }J;e}J;a H Moeii CeMbH, KOTOpaH iKHJIa B TO BpeMH
B pe3H}J;eHD;1I1I ,K'HH3H qYHH.
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pe31I}J;eHD;1I1O BHe )];BOpn;a. IIOiKaJIOBaHHaH eMY pe31I)];eHD;HH
6:&IJIa paCrrOJIOiKeHa Ha BOCTO"tJHOM 6epery 03epa Taii'MHHxy B
IIeRHHe, 'H'e',I];aJIeI\lO 'OT BOpOT ClOaH:& M'3H:&, Ta'M, lr}J;e ceH'"tJac
HaXO}J;IITCH [(eHTpaJIbHaH ROHcepBaToplIH. 3TO II 6LIJIa nep"
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CTaJI IJ:3aii THHL, eII(,e co BpeMeH 10 R1l!iR3H a (1721-
1735) nOJIaTaJIOC:&, lIT06LI «MeCTOM !IIipOI(BeTaIDIH HM'rrepaTO-
pa» (TaR Ha'3:&IBa ' eMLIIM « 1Jtop OIM fi'O,IJ;BO Oro ApaR'OHa») 6LIJJ
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9TO OLIJl'O o,n;eJIaHO npll InepeC'TIpoiiIRe pe3R}J;'eHD;I1H ca.M:OI'O KHH
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Ipe,3:R,IJ;eH'D;IIH lIIepeCTpalIBaJIaCh Bll}J;e xpaMa IOHX3rYH. B)I;OB-
CTByrom.alH 'HMnepa pRD;a IJ:LI C'II 'B:&I}J;eJmIilla MeCTtO i}J;JIH « B0'P-
a nOJ }JiOJI:HorO paKOHa», !IIO apHB efJJY pe3 em:vno mIH3H
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CBOH ROHen: BMeCTe C D;HHCKOH AIIHaCTJIeii.
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16
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21
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C Tex nop KamA:bIH pa3, KorAa QbI CH maJIOBaJIa MoeMY
)];eAY HarpaAbI II rrO"tJeTH:bIe TIITYJIbI, OH C 6JIarO)];ap,HOCTbIO OT-
Ka3LIBaJICH OT HllX, a B TOT rOA, KOfAa IIMIIepaTopoM CTaJI
fyaHcIOii, AeA Bo06m;e OTKa3aJICH OT Bcex CBOHX THTYJIOB II
3BaHIIH. II JIlImb TIITYJI BeJIIIKOrO KHH3H Be"tJHoro HaCJIeAOBa-
HIIH OH 6LIJI BLIHym)];eH coxpaHIITL TOJI:bKO IIOTOMY, tITO OT
Hero OTKa3LIBaTLCH He pa3pemaJIOCb. HeCKOJILKO JIeT cnYCTH
eJ];IIHCTBeHHOH eTO 06H3aHHOCTbIO 6blJI0 3a60THTbClI 06 yqeHIm
MOJIO)];Oro BMIIepa Topa.
CJIymlIJI ]J;e)]; C KaKOH-TO orraCKOH H CTpaXOM, 6LIJI OCTO-
pOmHLIM II OCMOTpIlTeJIbHLIM; [(LI CII IIOmaJIOBaJIa eMY TIITYJI
)];BoiiHOro BeJIIIKOro KHH3H II rrpaBO B'be3Aa B 3arrpeTHbIH ro-
po B naJIaHKIIHe C tIeTbIpLMH HOCIIJIbID;IIKaMII. II03AHee, Kor-
a BeJIIIKIIH KHH3L fYH nOTepHJI 6JIarOCKJIOHHOCTb II AOBepne,
a THTYJI KHH3H-pereHTa 6LIJI yrrpa3AHeH, U:LI CII rrpIrna3a.rra
4
qJIeHaM focy)];a pCTBeHHOrO COB eTa OTHbIHe BO Bcex Bam!tLIX
rOCYAapCTBeHHbIX eJIax IIpem e Bcero COBeTOBaTbCH C Be-
JlHRHM KHH3eM qYHeM. ,[(JIH Hero 3TO 03Ha"tJaJIO em;e 601lb-
mee nOIBbI!IIIeHHe. COrJIaCHO OObITIaIO C1I1ITaeTCH, "ITO, Ki()r a
IOHoma meHHTcH, OH CTaHOBHTCH B3pOCJIbIM. ECJIII 6bI fyaH-
cIOn meHHJICH, QbI CII OJImHa O:bIJIa ObI nepe)];aTL eMY
BJIaCTb, "tJTO AJIH Hee HBJIHJIOCb RpanHe HemeJIaTeJI:bHbIM. ITo-
3T I OMY e 'e O meHHTbOhI ryaHclOH IIIO IlIHR aTKBe IM'oero
,n;e a II XyaHH BA'OBCTBYIOm;en 'HMII,epaTp e 6bIJla B:bIClKa-
aaHa 'llo()'qTlITeJIbHaH ll'pocb6a rrp'O OJDKHTb «nJpa'BJIeHIHe
CTpaHOH».
QIIHCRoe IIpaBHTeJIbCTBO pemHJIO c03AaTb BoeHHO-MOP-
CROll: <pJIOT HOB oro THIIa II IIOpY"tJIIJIO 3TY OTBeTCTBeHHYIO MHC-
CHIO II XyaHIO. IIocJIe nepBbIX YCIIemHbIX marOB B aTOH 06-
JIaCTII eMY npHmJlOC:b O)];Ham)];DI OT HMeHH HMIIepaTpH hI no-
exaTb 1IIH000eKTHpOBaTb 3TOT <pJI'OT. II XyaHb BC1NOORII 'Y ro -
BapRBaJI lII'OeXaTb BMe:CTe IC IEIIM JIa'BHOY1llPaBJIHIOm;,ero lIpH-
'BOPHb]M!K 'eBHy aMH JIm: JIHHb-HHa, TaR KaK OR ObIJI 60JIb-
mRM JlI06HM eM QLI CR.
Q:bI CII nOmaJI{)BaJIa II XyaHIO Hero meHe npaBO e3)];HTb
B naJIaHlKlHHe a6pHKOCOBO[,O TI;BeITa, ' B O 1011 !HID: pa3Y Hie
OCMeJIIIJICH ceCTb B Hero. TaRaH 60H3Hb II OCTopomHOCTb npo-
HBJIHJIHCb He TOJIbRO BO Bcex ero pe"tJax 11 nocTynKax, OBII
HaJIOmHJIII CBOll: OTne"tJaTOR Aame Ha y6paHcTBO ero OMa.
IIoMem;eHHe, B KOTOpOM mHJI )];e , OH Ha3BaJI «3aJIOM CMHpeH-
HbIX MbICJIeH», pa60"tJHll: RaOHHeT HMeHOBaJICH «Ka6HHeTOM
OC03HaHHbIX OmHOOR», a Ha CTOJIe y Hero CTOHJI RYOOR, Ba
KOTOpOM ObIJIa BbIrpaBHpOBaHa 'HaAIIHCb: «II peCLIm;eHlle Be-
,n;e'T K OOKy eHIIIO, a CRpOMHOICTb - K 'OJIa['o[['oJ.fYT1IllIO». ,B
KOMHa Tax }J;eTell: IIOBCIO)];Y BHCeJIH a<popIl3MbI, H3pelIeHIIH II
HaCTaBJIeHIIH. II Cpe)];H HHX TaRoe: «Ror,n;a oora TCTBO BeJIH-
RO II !MHOrO eHer, Oe)];:bI AJIH BHYROB II eTell: He MHHOBaTb.
II eCJIII CilpOCHTe BbI, B 'tJeM me 3)];eCb npH"tJHHa, OTBelIY:
)];eHbrll CMeJIOCTb rrpHAalOT II He OOHTCH HHRaKIIX BeJIHKHX
eJIt IIIOO\a 'CelOH, ceMbID (ncro He noiJ1OHT». Bce 3TH H3pei1Ie-
HHH ObIJIII HaIIHcaHbI H3 60H3HII, KaK 6bI He HaRJIHRaTb 6e-
AY. JIIOOOilbITHO, 'tJTO )];e,n; Ha BTopon rOA rrpaBJIeHHH fyaH-
CIOH npeACTaBHJI ORJIaA, B KOTOpOM, He HMeH HHKoro B
BHAY ROHKpeTHO, OOBHHHJI B03MomHoro OTBeT"tJIIKa. OH nll-
caJI, "tJTO B oy)];ym;eM MomeT IIOHBHTbCH "tJeJIOBeK, KOTOpLIii,
Y"tJHTbIBaH BbICORoe nOJIOllieHHe )];e)];a, COmJIeTCH Ha PHA npll-
MepOB H3 anOXII MHH II npe)];JIOmHT HarpaAHTL ero KaKII1MH-
JIH60 B:bICOKHMII THTYJlaMH. ECJIH nOA06Hoe CJIYlIHTCH, TO Ta-
25
1{oro qeJIOBeKa cJleAyeT npII3HaTb HIPITOlliHbIM. Ae,a; npOCIIJI
!!'
XpaHHTb ero ORJIaA BO J];BOpl\e, TITOObI B CJIYtJae HeooxOAII-
}!OCTH lICnO:Ib30Ba Tb ero npOTUB :IIO ell: He OCTOllHbIX. n PO-
mJIO CBbIme AeCHTU .:leT, II O;:t;Halli bI )];enCTBIITeJIbHO npOH-
30mJIO TO, "lITO OH npe;J;rro 'araJI. B nHTHa n;a TbIM ro rrpaBJIe-
HIIH fyaHcIOH JI,H'OOeKTOp no pe"tJHhIM: J:(eJIa'M Y .L(a-'tJ3H 1II0;I.aJI
rrpomeHHe 0 nOmaJIOBaHIIII pO,a;HO IY OTn;y UMnepaTopa BbI-
COKoro nO"tJeTHoro TIITYJIa. Y BII;J;eB npomeHHe, QbI CII pa3-
rHeBaJIaCb, a Y .L(a -tJ3H co cTpaxy rrOcnemJIJI coc.J:a TbCH Ha
CMepTb Ma TepJI JI BepHYJICH lJ;OMoii, r)];e rrpOllillJI TPII rO;J;a;
He CMeH Hur e rrOHBIITbCH.
BHe BCHKoro COMHeIIHH, C npJIXO OM BO ABopen; fyaHclOH
u ,., u
MOil Ae)]; CTaJI eme JIYtJme pa30npaTbCH B xapaRTepe CBoell
ABOIOpOAHOH ceCTpbI, KOTOpbIM K JTO IY Bpe IeIlII 3HatJJITeJIb-
IIO yxy)];mIIJICH. RaK-TO eBHYX, COCTaBJIHBmIIll eii: ROMnaHHIO
B ma MaTbI, ICI\a3aJI no Bpe}{H IInpbI: «Paa abeT KOHH TIOrqTeH-
HOIDO IEp'e.n;R,a», Ha lI'!iO 'OHa B rHeBO BO<lli.TJIII\HYJla: «A H OblO
BCIO TBOIO ceMbIO!» EBHyxa BbIBOJIORJIH 113 naJIa TbI II JI36HJIII
o CMepTH. QbI ClI OtJeHh 6eperJIa CBon BO lOCbI. OJJ;HamAbI
eBHYx, HOTOpbIH npll"tJeCbIBaJI ee, OOHa pymUJI na rpe6He
He.CKOJIbKO BOJIOC. OH paCTe'pHJIC-H III XOTe:! 6bIJIO 'crrpHTaTb BO-
.T.IiQIC:bI, BrO Q:bI Cll '3aMeTJIIJIa 3TO B 3epRa.rro, II eBHyxa II3611.TfIJ
naJIKaMH. Te, KOMY rrpilXO)];I1JIOC:b yxamIlBa T:b 3a QbI Cn,
paCCKa3bIBaJIII, tJTO Bce OHM, RpOMe JIll JIHHb-JIHa, c yma-
OOM m]\aJL'II, LKon a :HacTyrmT lIX lI ' epeA ITpncyrcTBoBaTb np'Il
B,D;OBCTBYIOm;eii IIMnepa Tpnn;e. C B03paCTOM Y QbI CH nOH-
BUJICH Ha JIMn;e HepBH:bIll: TIIK, JI OHa MeHbme Bcero XOTeJIa,
"tJT06bI KTO-HII6YfJ;b 3TO BH eJI. BepOHTHO, O IIH 113 eBHYXOB
3aAepmaJI cBoii B3rJIH)]; Ha ee JIIIn;e, HOO OHa HeMeAJIeHHO
cnpOCJIJIa: « qero YCTaBIIJICH?» TOT He HameJICH, 'ITO OTBe-
TJITb, H TYT me nO.J:YtJIIJI HeCKOJIbRO )];eCHTKOB y,a;apOB rraJI-
KOH. IT pOCJIbImaB 00 3TO I, pyroii eBHYX B ee npncYTcTBIIH
60HJICH Tenepb rOJIOBY rrO HHTb. OHa H K HeMY npHApaJIacb:
« qero rOJIOBY onycTUJI?» PacTepHBmnllcH eBHYx TOllie 6bIJI
HaKa3aH naJIRoH. Em;e 6bIJI TaKoll CJIY"lIaH. QbI Cll KaR-TO
carpoCIHJla OI,n;HOTO lil ' 3 eBHYXOB, (KaRaH Ha YJlILu;e norol)J;a. EB-
HYX, Y KOToporo cOXpaHIIJICH em;e )];epeBeHcRuii BbIroBop, OT-
BeTHJI: «IIOrOAKa cerO HH XOJIO)];HaH-npeXOJIOfJ;HaH!» U::bI Cll
He fiOHpaBIIJIOCb BblpaiReH'IIe «XOJlO')J;HaH-npeXO:IO)];HaH», 'II
eBHyxa 1R36HJlII. Rp 1 e,JI1R0 )];OCTaBaJIt()lCb IJl )];BOPU;OBbIM C.:IY-
maHKa'M.
M36HeHIIe CJIyr, nopoH )];0 CMepTJI, B pe3IIAeHn;1fiI KHH3H
He C"tJHTaJIOCb "tJeM-TO n3 pHAa BOH BbIXO)J;Hm;IIM If MaJIO 6ec-
26
rrOJ OIIJIO BeJIHHOrO KHH3H qYHH. O,a;HaI O Cl\tlepTL B OBCTBYIO-
eii n iIIepa TpHn;bI BOCTOtIIIOro BOpn;a QbI AHb Ha ceAb-
M,OM ro;(Y TIpaBJIeHHH fyaHcIOR (1881 ro ) He MOrJIa
rrpOllTH AJIH Hcro HC3aMe eHHOll. fOBOPHT, qTO nepeA
CMepTbIO IIl\iIIepa TOp CHHb<p3H ObIJI ooecrrORoeH TeM, qTO ero
HaJIOiRHHn;a 11 (OYAyrn;aH IJ;bI CH), CTaB BJJ;OBCTBYIOrn;eii HM-
rrepaTpnn;eft, rrOCTapaeTCH 3aXBaTHTb BJIaCTb H TorAa 3aKOH-
HaH llMrrepa Tpnn;a (rro3;J;Hee IJ;bI AHb) He C 10meT eii rrpOTH-
BOCTOHTb. IT03TOMY CHHb<p3H OCTaBIIJI crrCn;IIaJIbHbIii yRa3, B
ROTOpOM IIMrrepaTpnn;e aBaJIOCL rrpaBO B CJIy ae HeooXOAH-
MOCTII KOHTpo:rHpOBaTb 1I:bI CII. POfJ;IIBllIaHCH B KHHmeCKoii
ce:\Ibe, HcorrbITHaJI II HC'JJ;aJIeRaH U:bI ARb o,n;Ham bI HeB3Ha-
l.[aii lIpooo.rrTaJIaCb 00 3TO [ U:bI Cll. Ta CTaJIa BeCTH nOCTOHH-
HYIO ,JUJYiH6y C bI AlII) 'o 'Tex lIOp, lIOHa 1I:bI AHb no eo
JJ;aBJICHIIe [ H B ee rrpnCYTCTBIIII He COiRrJIa 3TOT yKa3 HMrre-
paTopa. IT pOllIJIO HeMHoro BpeMeHTI, II BfJ;OBCTBYIOm;aH HMrre-
paTpnn;a BOCT01JIIOrO ABOpn;a BHe3arrHO YMepJIa. OAHH rOBO-
pHT, 'tJTO OHa C'beJIa rrpIICJIaHHOe 1I:bI CH TIeqeHbe; APyrHe-
QT'O C'bCJIa 6YJIbOH, HOTOlpbIii H o16bI 1I:bI Cll calMa rrp'IIOOTO'B'II-
ITa AJIJI nee. 8TO 6bIJI 60JIbllIOii YfJ;a p ,IJ;JIH BeJIHKOrO KHH3H
qYHH, ,rr'nCJIe ROTOpOI'O IDH CTaJl eru;o o.cTopomHen III rryrJIIIBeii.
E IIHcTBeHHoii cBoeH I eJIbIO lOR ICttIITaJI 3aBoeBaHHe 6.rra 1 rocI\-
JIOHHOCTH 11 1D:0BepHH IJ:bI CH. Ror;J;a eA OT1BeQaJI 3a c03AaHHe
BoeIIHO-"l\IOpCROro <pJIOTa, TO JJ;JIH Toro, "tJTOObI Y B)J;OBCTBYIO-
m;eii HMrrepaTprrn;bI OLIJIO M:eCTO ,IJ;JIH pa3BJIe eHHH, OH II-CTpa-
TIIJI Ha CTpOJITeJIbCTBO ee JleTHerO ,IJ;BOpn;a MX3IOaHL 60JIb-
myIO CY:Ml\IY neHer, IIpe Ha3HaqeHHyro paHee )J;JIH opraHH3a-
nun: <pJIOTa. B ca lbIll pa3rap CTpOHTeJIbCTBa B npOBHHD;HII
qmIlJIII II B OKpeCTHOCTHX IIeRIIHa rrpOrr30mJIII RpyrrHLIe Ha-
BO)J;HeHIIH. QeH30p Y tJmao-TaiI, OOHCb BOJIHeHIIH cpe)J;H TIO-
CTpafJ;aBmnX, I1pe JIOfRnJI Bpe:MeIIHO rrpHOCTaHOBHTb pa60TLI
no CTpOTITeJIbCTBY J]:BOpn;a, HO 6LTJI ,"IIImeH qIIHOBRIIQLerO
BaHnH II «fJ;eJIO ero rrcpe a.:Jn JIH fJ;aJIbIIenIIIero pa300pa».
BeJlIffiIIH RHH3b tJyHb, {) HaHO, In lIO C JIII1J;a Bce me BbIIIOJI-
HIIJI CBOIO MJICCIIIO. B 18 O rO;J;Y B JIeTHeM BOpI(e MX3IOaHb
ObTJIII 3aBeprneHLI Bce paOOTbI no Cal\I Bf\TJIIHIIH KHH3L 11
XyaHJ) BCRope nane"tJHO parnpOCTII:JCH C MTJpOM. CnYCTJI 'tJe-
TbIpe rOAa C03.n;aHHblii I1:\1 TaR Ha;Jblnae {bTii BoeHHO-MOpCROii
<pJIOT 6bTJI pa3rpOl\IJICn B HIIOHO-RIITaHCROH BonHe. 113 Kopa6-
.TfeH na CTpOHT0JIbCTRO I OTOphTX ym.TTO HCCI OJIbRO fJ;eCHTROB
u
nIJT,TfJJOHOB JIHITOn cepeopa, II0 O(,Ta.TJO('b nOJI\aJIyn all on;-
Horo, I\po [e l\lpa fopIJoii JIOJ{RTT R ITa pHr 11 X Joa TIb.
27
mYH JIY - MOD E CO CTOPOHLI MATEPR
Y Moero ,n;e,n;a lIO OT Y, BeJlHKOro KHH3H qYHH, 6LIJIO 'tJe-
TLrpe meRLI, KOTop.LIe pO,n;HJLH eMY ICeM:b cLIHoBen IH Tp'ex ,,n;o-
'tJepeii. B ro,n; ero cMepTH B mIIB:bIX 6bIJIII JIIImL TPII CIdHa H
O)J;Ha )J;0'tJ:b. CaM:bIM CTa pmIIM lI3 HIIX HBJIHJlCH IIHTLIii CLIR-
Mon OTe [(3an <DaH; eMY Tor,n;a IIClIOJIHIIJIOC:b BoceML JIeT,
OH II HaCJle,n;OBaJI THTYJI BeJIIIROrO RHH3H. ,n:Ba MOlIX ,n;H,n;lI,
I1HTHJIeTHIIn [(3an CIOHL II TpeXJIeTHHB: [(3an Tao, o,n;HOBpe-
MeHHO O:bIJIlI 1I0maJIOBaH:bI B rYH:bI, TO eCTL B RHH3LH IIIMllepa-
TopCRon KpOBH meCTOB: CTelIeHH. Co CMepTblO ,n;e,n;a MOen
ceMLe CTaJIH ORa3LIBa T:b HOBLIe « MIIJIOCTH». Bc e 3TH « MHJIO-
CTlI» B 1I0CJIe)J;HHe p;eCHTL C JIHmHHM JIeT, paBHO KaR H rope
II YHHmeHHlI, BLIIIaBIllHe Ha ,n;OJIIO KHTanCRoro Hapo,n;a, OLIJIH
Hepa3pLIBHO CBH3aHLI C HMeHeM [(:bI CH.
RpYlIHLIM C06LITIIeM HBHJIaCL CBa,n;L6a MOHX po,n;IITeJIen,
YCTpoeHHaH [(bI CH. Ha 3TOT pa3 «MHJIOCTL», MomHO CRa-
3aTL, OLIJIa «lIpO,n;yRTOM» rocy.n;apCTBeHHoro rrepeBopOTa
1898 ro,n;a H ,n;BHiReHHH HX3TyaHeB:. IIpem,n;e Bcero 3TO 6LIJIO
rrpOHBJIeHHe 6JIarOCKJIOHHOrO BHHMaHHH R rrpe,n;aHHOMY eft
caHOBHHKY iKYH JIy, ROTOpLIH lIMeJI rrepe,n; HeB: OOJI:bmHe
3aCJIyrH B lIepHO.n; C06bITIIH 1898 ro,n;a. MOR ,n;e,n; co CTOpOHLI
MaTepH, mYH JIy, 6LIJI lIOTOMCTBeHHLIM MaHL"lJmypOM, rrpH-
Ha)J;JIemaBmHM R Kopnycy oeJIoro 3HaMeHH. B ro,n;:bI rrpaB- \
JIeHHH CHHL.p3Ha OH 3aHHMaJI ,n;OJImHOCTL lIOMOm;HHRa Ha-
qaJILHHRa OT,n;eJIeHIIH Bop OBoro Ra3Ha'tJencTBa, o,n;HaRO lI3-
3a ROPLICTH H B311T01:JHH'tJeCTBa -qYT:b OLIJIO He JIHmHJICH rOJIO-
BLI. RaRHM-TO 06pa30M OH CYMeJI H3,6emaTb HaRa3aHHH II
TYT me RyrrHJI 1I0CT RaH,n;H,n;a Ta B HHClleKTopLI rocy,n;a pCTBeH-
HLIX 3R3aMeHOB. B ROH e 3110XH [(HH CIICTeMa «lIORYIIRH
QHHrOB», KaK 11 ' IICTeIMa 'l'ocy,n;apCTBieHHLIX 3I{.3alMeHOB «K3-
D;3IOH», 6LIJIa Y3aROHeHa. B rrepB:bIe ro,n;bI npaBJIeHHH TYH1:JmII
Mon ,n;e,n; 110 OT Y C03,n;aJI H3 MaHL'tJmypOB CTpeJIKOBLIn OT-
pH , H mYH JIy OLIJI Ty,n;a Ha3Ha1:JeH CHatJaJIa HatJaJILHHROM
KpLIJIa, a 3a TeM 6pHra,n;HLIM reHepaJIOM. IIocJIe pH,D;a nOBLI-
meHHR OH nOJIyqlIJI rrOCT 3aMeCTHTe.TIH r.rraBLI rrpHRa3a 06-
eCTBeHHLIX paooT. 3aTeM mYH JIy 61>IJI HaqaJI:bHHROM
,D;BOp OBoro YlIpaBJIeHHH, a B nepB:bIe ro,n;LI rrpaBJIeHHH ry-
aHCIOH ,D;OCJIymHJICH ,n;o ,n;OJImHOCTH rJIaB:bI rrpnRa3a 06m;e-
CTBeHHLIX pa60T. II03,D;Hee OH 61>TJI 06BIIHeH B XHm;eHHHX II
B3HTo'tJHH'tJeCTBe, JIHmeH 'tJHHa, rrOHIImeH B ,n;OJIiRHOCTH II
BLICJIaH H3 IIeKHHa. Bo BpeMH J1TTOHO-RIfTaB:CKOH BOB:H:bI Be-
JIIfKHii KHH3L rYH Be,n;a.rr BoeHHbT fH JJ;e.rraMH. IToJJ;BepHYB-
28
mYIOCH B03MOiRHOCTL II03,npaBHTb QLI CII C ,nHeM pOm,neHHH
iKYH JIy IICrrOJIL30BaJI )J;JIH TOrO, "tJTOOLI IIPlIeXa TL B IIeKIIH.
OH OMCTpO npOHIIK B oKpymeHlIe BeJlITKOro KHH3H rYHa II
BTepCH K HeMY B )J;OBepHe. Ror)J;a IIOCJle BOHHLI iKYH JIy
peKOMeH)J;OBaJI lOaHL illlI-KaH )J;JIH OOY'IeHIIH HOBOn: apMIIII,
OR ObIJI YiRe 3HatJHTeJILHO OIIbITHee II IIpenIIO'IJlTaJI )J;eHCT-
BOBaTL HaBepHHKa. iKYH JIy He cKyrrIIJICH Ha paCXOALI, OCO-
6eHHO )J;JIH rJIaBHoyrrpaBJIHIO erO npll)J;'BOpHLIMII eBHyxaMH
JIm: JIHHL-IIHa, II Ta!I\'HJM 'IIYTeM 1I0C'TeII 1 eBHO )J;oQ61IJICH TWO.
{{TO n,n'OBCTByromaH IIIMrrepaTpIl' a QbI C'II 1I:3MeHIIIJIa () He'M
CBoe MHeHHe. Ha BTOpOH ro,I( rrocJle B03Bpa eHHH B IIeKIIH
iKYH JIy IIOJIY'IIIJI Ha3HatJeHile IIpOHHcrreKTlIpOBaTL CTpOII-
TeJrbCTBO HMrrepaTopCKHX rpOOHHI( II BbIHCHIITL ym;ep6, KO"
TOpbIH rrpHtJHHIIJIH HiM ,IJ;om)J;II. O)J;IIH If3 caHOBHIIKOB, YiRe
OCMa TplIBaBmIIii nonpeiR,IJ;eHIIH" COOO HJI B CBoeM JJ;OKJIa)J;e,
{{TO Ha BOCCTaHOBflTeJIbHMe paOOTLI IIoTpeoyeTcH 300 TLICH'I
JlHHOB * cepeopa. rOBOpHT, "tJTO :3TOMy caHOBHIIKY OLIJIO He-
JIOBKO IIplIHlImaTb Ra'IeCTBO CTpOIITeJlLCTBa, ROTopoe IIpOBO-
JIIIJIOCL 1)]0,l( HaOJlIO,I:(eHIIeM BeJIIIROrO KHH3H tJYHH, n03TOMY
II CYMMY ym;epoa OH HeCROJILRO rrpey}reHLmHJI. iKYH JIy no-
CTymIJI JlHa'tle. CHa'1!a:Ia {)IJI Inp'OIQyrralOi"I HaCT1p'OeH(lle BI('OBCT-
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OOJIbme Bcero eMY XOTeJIOCL BLICJlYiRHTLCH neDen [{LI Crr.
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R:\JIIIrT> na nJIaKaJIII, a iRVH JIy YiRe 3a paHee HaMe'tJaJl ,ItJlH
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· JlJlU - Mepa Beca, O Hn JJJlH paBeH 31, 25 2. - OPUAt. pea.
29
Ba:III :)TlI t1He BJIIIHTeJIbHLle rpynnIlpOHI l[ BOI-\pyr fyaHclOH
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paTplI bI, a ,6bIBillHH HaCTaBHHR II fnepaTopa IBaH TYH-
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nepa TOpOM TOJIM\O 6JIafO a pH peJ(OM'eH aqIrn, 1\OTOP YIO jl;aJI
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TpHC eMY 'PYK'Y II, c IaxHYB 'CJIe3Y, C,Ra3aJI: «3aqeM
me BbI OCTaBJIHeTe If Inepa Topa? » II pom:ro Bcero ne-
CKOJlbKO )J;Herr, RaK BJH TYI-I-xa IIOI\I1UYJI IIeKIIH, a iRYH JIy
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rJlaBH03aBeJJ;YIOm;JIl\f TOprOBJIeH ceBPpubIX IIOpTOB; naxoJJ;HcI->
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06meii nO IIrrCblO "tJ.rrCHOB M Incpa TOpCI\Oro COBeTa 1I rJIaB
meCTn rrpIrna30B JJ;06IITbCH OTCTpaneHHH I1MnepaTopa ryaH-
CIOH II B03Bpam;eHI1JI K IIpaBJIeHIIIO QbI Cu. O,n;HaRO nOCJIe
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rHeB, IIoaTOMY rr.rraH iRYH JIy He 6bIJI ocym;eCTBJIeH. Bce me
l\fe"tJTa ero B I\OHn;e I-\OHn;OB CObI:IaCb B IIepIIO « 1 00 JJ;Heii pe-
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ryaHclOII TaHno 06paTII:ICH 1\ pecpop IaTOpa!\1 C rrpoc:n6on
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30
fOaHb lllu-Raii Bblpa311.Tl e l COlfYBCTBiIe, nO,IJ;qep}{HYB it
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B 10M:eHT, Ror a QbI CII II ryaHcIOH 6YAYT IIHCIIeRTllpOBaTb
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Off comeJI C noe3Aa II npH IIIROM npOCJIe OBaJI B HX3IOaHb,
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pecpopMa TOpOB Ra3HeHbI, a IIX PYROBO,IJ;nTeJIb RaH IO-B3ll
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3aJI O HamAbI O IIH H3 PYROBOAIITeJIeiI pecpoplMa TOpOS JIHH
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Hble "tJIIHbI II BJIaCTb ero npeB30mJIa ame ABOpn;OBYIO ».
B «Ha6pocRax no IICTOpllII IIHCROft AHHaCTHII» eCTb TaRHe
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m;e:ii IIMnepaTpHD;bI, B TO BpeMH e)IY He 6bIJIO paBHbIX. Bce
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QUIt. IIocJIe nopameHIIH RIITaH B BoiiHe C HnOHlIeii OH C03,n;aJI B
JlIOHHe 06ID;eCTBO «CyaHbcIOem3», HanHCaJI TPY)J; «iK3HbCIOe» ((Yqe-
HIIe 0 rYMaHHOCTII»), II03iI\e opraHH30BaJi OOID;eCTBO «HaHbcI03xyaH»
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CIOB, HH myii, JIIO ryaH-,n;II, HH ill3Hb-CIO, RaH ryaH-m3Hb
II ,n;pyrne
31
B TOT '6eAcTBeHHbIiI 1900 I'o,rt., KorAa QLI CH- eHa -qaJIa IIC-
nOJIb30SaJIa QJIeHOB TaHHoro 06m;ecTBa «Hx3TyaHb» AJIH
y6HilcTBa HHOCTpaHD;eB, a 3aTeM HHOCTpaHD;eB - AJIH YHH-q-
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BaH 'CBOIO npe,n;aHHOCTb 11 BepHOCTb BAOBCTBYIOm;eil HMnepaT-
pHD;e. IIocJIe rOCYAapCTBeHHoro nepenopOTa 1898 roAa I(bI
CH, CTpeMHCL H36aBHTbcH OT fyaHcIOH, pacnYCT1IJIa CJIYX 0
ero THmeJIOn 60JIe3HH. Ho cJIYIlaii nOMor paCKpLITL ee Tan-
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HymAeHa 6bIJIa COrJIaCHTbCH. Ha 3TOT pa3 nJIaH He YAaJICH.
TorAa OHa pemHJIa CHa-qaJIa Ha3Ha-qHTb npeeMHHKa JIH
TYH"tJ:mll - npeAbIAym;ero HMnepaTopa, a nOTOM yme H36a-
BIITLIClSI lOT rryaHCIOH. Ee BLI60P naJJ Ha fly Ce-CLIHa 1KHH3H
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nepBLIiI )];eHL HOBoro rOAa BO ABopen; 6bIJI1I npHrJIameHbI
nOCJIaHHH.KII HHocTpaHHbIx rocYAapcTB. IIpeAnOJIaraJIOCb,
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nO)];)];epmKY I(bI CH. O.n;HaKO nOCJIaHHHKH OTKa3aJIHCL OT'
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32
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33
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ro pacnOJIOmeHIIH - nepeCJIaJI B HHOCTpaHHLIe Ka3apIMLI CBe-
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JRYH JIy npH6bIJI B CRaHb. EMY 6bIJIH OKa3aHbI HOBbIe no-
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JlOBHOrO y6opa, KOTopoe D;IIHCKHe HMIIepa TOpbI iRaJIOBaJiH cBOIIM no,n;-
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34
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ro KHH3H qYHH, no HMeHH [(3aR <DaB.
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rrepaTpIID:bI 3aMeTIIJI, 'ITO, pa3 Ha MOrHJIe paCTeT rHHRro, 3Ha-
tIHT, B ceMbe KHH3H qYHH rrOHBHTCH HMrrepaTOp. AeJIo B TOM,
QTO HepOrJIII£p «6eJIbIH» H3 Ha3BaHHH ;u;epeBa :II HepOrJIII£p
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Y CJlbIXaB 000 3TOM, IJ:LI CH HeMe,n;JIeHHO OT)J;aJIa paCnOpHiReHHe
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pec, KOTOpbIll npOHBJIHJIH HHOCTpaHD;bI K ryaHclO1O nero
6paTbHM. E e AO C06LITIIH 1900 ro;u;a OHa nOtIYBCTBOBaJIa,
1ITO 3TH ymacHbIe HHOCTpaHD;bI B HeKOTopOH CTerreHH THro-
TeIOT K ryaHclOlO, a K .Hen OTHOCHTCH He OtIeHb nOtITIITeJIb-
HO. IlocJIe 1900 ro,n;a KOMaH;U;YIOm;Hii: COlO3HbIMH BOHCKa
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CIOH noexaTb B repMaHIIIO )J;JIH npHHecemrH 1I3BHHeHHH B
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pno;u; c06bITnH 1900 rop;a. B repMaHlI1I IOH oTeD; BCTpeTIIJI
BocTopmeHHbIH npIIeM, "tITO TaKme OtIeHb 06eCnOKOHJIO IJ:bI CIf
II YC:IIJIIIJIO ee nOn;03peHIIH. BHHMaHlIe, OKa3bIBaeMoe IIHOCT-
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,neiiCTBYIOT CMeJIO 11 pemIlTeJIbHO. IIepe,n; CBOIIM no6erOM B
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CTOPOHY.
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38
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39
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M KyaHa II pemHJIa OCTaBHTb ero B nORoe, Tel\I 60JIee "tJTO Oil
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40
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fI\aB, OHa rroma;IOBaLTIa e IY TIITYJI BeJIITKOro RHH3H BelIHOrO
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42
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43
HO OTD;a y epmaJia rpyrrrra -rJJIeHOB roCy,n;apCTBeHHOrO COBeTa
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p;D;a ThIH I'OP; npaBJIeIDIH ryaHcIOH ( 1894 ro,n;) YHaCJIep;OBaJi THTYJI
RHH3H. .n;o CHHbxanCKoii peBOJIIOD;IIII 6bIJI npaBHTeJIbCTBeHHbIM KO-
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Aao HIIOHD;aMII nepeMeTHYJICH B HnOHIIIO. B 3TOT nepHoJ]; BMeCTe c
44
m;nTe lOaHb llIn-I aH J];anHO yme He rrpe;J;CTaB"TJH.IT rooon
U rh
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pa3 eJIII.l:rH na ABe rpYUl1bI - O Ha BO f:IaBe C BeJIIIRII 1
KHH3e:M 11 HyaHo l, ,n;pyraH no r"TJaBe C t\HH3e 1 IfMrrepaTOp-
CROll KpOBH I1HToiI CTerreHII [(3ail Q33. I1, ICIlIIO BTopaH
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Kam)J;aH II3 rpyurr IIMeJIa CBOIIX OJIIIlliHIIX II aJIbHnX
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pacrrpn II r)];e KalI\ blii CTpOIIJI CBOIl rr "'IaHbI. TaK, Y Q3aii Q33
Bce MbICJIII II iHeJIaHIIH ObIJIII Han;eJIeHbI Ha TO, "IJTOObI OTHHTb
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,IJ;O lJRHOCTb rrpe,IJ;Ce,3;aTe.1H I1 IIIepaTopCKoro COBeTa, a opaTb-
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8 npeKJIOHHOM B03paCTe B JIIOiirnYHe.
45
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11 pHp;a p;pyrnx JIHI(, a TaKme 0 npHTH33HIUIX lOaHb mll-Kan Ha
BJIaCTb.
46
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neCOMHeHHO, paCCtIHTbIBaJI na IIOA)J;eplliKY II HHqerO He 60HJI-
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CTIIJI Tnrpa B rOpbI», a Terrepb «rrYCKaeT BOJIKa B KOMHaTY».
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rrpe,n;rrpIIHHTb. Te pemIIJIH, qTO B KaKon-TO CTerreHII aHb
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47
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49
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51
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* qll - Mepa AJIBHbI, O,n;IIH qlI paBeH 33,3 C t. - llpuJtt. peiJ.
53
,.,
COBepIllHTb Ha MOrIIJIe OOPH)); iRepTBOrrplIHomeHHH OT c.Boero
IIMeHH. B aTOH pOJIII QaaH Tao, eCTeCTBeHH'O, aiKe He Mor
CTaTb rrepe,n: Ha rpo6He'M LIla KOJIeHH. He rrpOillol1:0 H rrOJI)'.-
ro,n:a, KaK meHa II Mo, He IBbI epj£aB U3 eBa TeJIbCTB, Tome
HcrrYCTIIJIa ,u:yx.
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Cll BeJIeJIa YCbIHOoBIITb II Q3aii CIOHH, OT aB ero A'PYl'OMY
,., u
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TplIcTa "till 6bIJIa y 6amHlI BhICOTa,
Ho II TaM MeHH rrpeCJIe,n;yeT Hora.
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OTen; 6bIJI CO BaTaH e e paHbme, HO ero ne'pBaH HeBeCTa
nOROHQHJIa ,C C060H 'B 1900 rO)QT H3 CTpaxa nep'e,n: HHOCTpaH-
n;aMH, Kor,u:a COI03HaH apMHH BOCbMII rocYAa1pCTB BOmJIa B
IIeKRH. B TOT rop; TaR IIOrll,OJIII MHOfHe MaHb1.J:mypCKIIe
ceMbII. Kor,n:a oTeD;, conp'OBom aH QbI all II ryaHcIOH, 6bIJI
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«60JIbmyIO nOMOJIBRY», TO OCTb nOAa.pHJIa HeBeCTe CK'HneT,p.
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HHRTO He CMeJI OCJIyma TbCH. BaOKY MOIO, C O,n:HOH CT'OpOIIbI,
CTpamHJI rHelB QbI ,CII, C )];pyroH - OTMeHa «OtOJIbmOH n.o-
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TeJI8.
54
Qepe3 meCTb JIeT ee 3AOpOBbe pe3KO YXYJW1IIJIOCb. 8TO
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113 HHX MOrJIa 6bITb H36paHa BO ABope B KallHCTB'e HMne-
paTopCKoii: HaJIOiKHH bI lIeTBepToro paHra (KaK MHe KaiKeT-
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HO nOHBJIHJICH BO ,n;Bopu;e KBH3H TOJIbKO BO BpeMH CBa,n;b6hI HJlH
UOXOpOH.
55
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HOCTII II oeCKopbICTllH.
56
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nJIatI)Tm;ero peoeHKa, ,OHa aJIa MHe rpY L, 11 TorlJ;a H nepe-
CTaJI nJIaKaTL. STOT nOCTYIIOK rrpIfBeJI IB C03HaHHe 6ecno-
MO HbIX rocno,D:. OHII IIOCOBe aJIHCL c 'OT OM II pemHJIH,
lITO KOpMHJI1Iu;a, 'B3HB ,MeHH Ha PYKH, IIoii eT BMeCTe CO
58
BceM,H, a lIO n'pH6bITMH BO BOp OBbIH napK qmYHHaHbxaH
oTAaCT eBHyxaM, KOTopbIe npOB'e YT MeHH K QbI ClI.
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Ka3aJIa nO)J;HeCTH IHe 3acaxapeHHbIe <PPYKTbI Ha naJIO'tJKe,
HO H 16pOC1WI IJIX tHa IIIOJI 11 CTaJi rp'O rno ,Rp1flIaTb, 'tITO XOrq,y IK
HHHe. QbI CH 6bIJIa He OBOJIbHa. «KaROM HenOCJIymHbIH pe6e-
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Ha TpeTiRii eHb lIOCJIe Moero IIOllBJIeHIIH IBO JJ;Bop e QbI
Cn CKOHQaJIaCb. ITpOillJIO 60JIee nOJIYMeCH a, 11 eBHToro ,IJ;HH
O MHHa a TOI'O MeCH a no JIYHHOMY KaJIeH a.pIO 6bIJIa rrpo-
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KOTOpyIO H 'l1'CnOpTHJI CtBOHM pe.BOM.
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JIOCb IIPHHHTb II.03,n;paBJleHHH OT O<pHn;epOB BOpn;OBOii oxpa-
RbI, a 3a TeM yme B IIaJIa Te Taiix3,n;HHb IIpHHIIMa Tb II03)J;pa'B-
JleHlIH OT am,n;aHQKHX IH oeHHbIX 1JHHOBHH'KOB H 3HaT1I.
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rpOMa HbIii 'BbICOKHM TpOH, TepneHHe Moe JIOnHYJIO. OTen;,
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YCIIJIH'BaJiCH. OTen; IIbITaJI'CJI Y'CIIOKOHTb MeHH: «He nJIa1Jb,
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6bI 0 oOHapymeHo ypHoe npe,n;3HaMeHoBaHHe.
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'tJTO H 3aIIJIaKaJI, Hcnyra,BIDH,cb rOHDOB II 6apa6aHOB, 'tITO
oTe IIpHHec MHe nrpyTIITe'tJHoro THrpeHKa H TOJIbKO Tor a H
nepe'CTaJI IIJIaKaTb. Ha ca:MOM me )J;eJIe n;epe}IOHHH npO'HC-
XOAHJIa B MOMeHT «l'ocy apcTBeHHoro Tpaypa», rro3ToMY Ha
MY3bIKaJIbHbIX HHcTpYMeHTax, XOTJI OHH H 6bIJIH YCTaHOBJIe-
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59
M llCnYl'aHbI, ,L\eiiCTHJ1TCJlbHO npaH) a. 13 lleKOTOphlX KHMraX
llHCaJIH, 'tJTO He npOIllJIO 11 Tpex JIeT, KaK IJ;MHCKaH )J;UHaCTUH
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rr p e ,n;'tJYIB C TB 0 B a JI H.
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cKIIe 3arr'HCII Toro Bpe:MeHII, MomHO rrOHHTb, fOTKy a B03HHK-
JIll rro oGHble rreC'CIIMIICTII'tJeCKlIe IIaCTpoeHIIH. I OCTa TO'tJHO
'110CMOT.peTb OCHOBHbIe 'C06bITn:H, [J,pOlIcme IIllIe ,3a Iro)]; )];0 MO-
ero BCTyrrIJIeHIHH Ha IrrpeCTOJl, ROTopble onHcaHbI B HCTOplIII D)IH-
oKoii )J;IIHaCTIIII «Rpa TRoe H3J10meHHe D;IIHCRO O 3epl\aJIa».
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BOC'CTaHHe B fyaH-qmoy 11 QIIHb"llmoy, OtBJIaAeJIa ropo oM
HH'tJ3H. CIOa.Hb rrOTeprreJI nopameHlIe.
3HMa, O ImHaAn;a TbrH MecHD;. GyRb B'3Hb ]I XryaH CH'H *
COBMeCTHO a TaKOBaJIII Qm3HbHaHbryaHb ,B rrpOBImD;,IIJI fyaH-
cn [HblHe JIYHaHbryaHb] II 3aX'Ba TII TIII ero. ClOaHb rrOTeprreJi
rropameHlIe n oTcTyrrHJI.
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u
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rraCbI. TIocJIe ;a;OCMoTpa oTrrym;eH.
T'peTIIM fecHn;. CYHb B3Hb II XyaH CIIH a Tall\OIBaJiH X3ROY
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: CYHL BaHh - Ol IIO 113 lIMen BbI,n;aIOln;erOCH KHTaiicKoro peBO-
.TJIOI IIOllepa-;1,eMORpaTa CYHb HT-ceHa, PYKOBOAHBmero nOArOTOBKoii
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n;nonep, copaTHIII, CYHI} fiT-ceRa - llpu.1t. pea.
f)0
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narrpHmeHHbL\I. Ha ropU30HTe BHOBb ITOHBIIJlCH lOaHb illH-
Rall; 3T,O TOJlbKO YCllJIUaO TpeBory Tex, KTO CqUTaJI, "tJTO tBO-
Oom;e Bce Hey aqU II HeB3rO)];b1, (U feBIIIIIe leCTO B HCTOpUII,
c.1JeJ];yeT nplIITIICa Tb rrpaBJleHIIIO llMrrepa Topa CIOaHbTYHa.
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B O)J;HOM II3 160ROBbIX 3aJlOB BOpn;OBOH rraJIa Tb1 HHCHHblJ:HHb,
*
Ha RaHe ., B03:Ie IOrl\HOrO ORHa, C1I;'];eJla BJ];OBCTBYIO:r:u;aH HM-
rrepaTpIID;a JIYH 1011 II BLITIIpaJIa rrJIa TROM TJla3a. IIepe,n
Hell: Ha rrOJIY, Ha Rpa'CHOH rrO)J;ymRe, CTOHJI Ha ,ROCl"TJeHHX TOJl-
CTbIH CTa,pHRamRa II 05JfIIBaJICH 'c.rre3aMIL H CII,I(eJI crrpaBa
OT HMrrepa TPIIIJ:bI. MHe Ob1JIO CKy"tJHO II HerrOHHTHO, rrOqeMY
3TH Boe 'B3pOCJlb1X IIJla"tJYT. Rpo:Me Hac TpOIIX, B 3aJIe HII-
Koro He 5bIJIO. TOJlCTbIH 'CTapIIKamKa rpOMKO m !b1raJI HOCOM
II rOBOpIIJI 0 "tJeM-TO COBepIIIeHHO :MHe HerrOHHTHOM. JIiIImL
nOTO)! H Y3HaJI, -qTO Ha KOJIeHHX CTon:.£ lOaHI> illII-Kall. 3TO
6bI:I rrepBL1M II e)J;IIHC TBeHHb1M pa3, Kor)J;a H BIIlJ:eJI lOaHL
IIIu-KaH, II rrOCJle,n;HIIH pa3, Kor)J;a IOaHL mU-Kail 'BCTpe-
TIIJICH rC BlJ:OnCTBYIOru;eii: HMrrepa TpIIIJ;eiI. ECJIII Bce, "tJTO MHe
paCCRa3LLBaJIH, J];OCTOBepHO, TO II IeHlIO B 3TOT 'pa3 lOanL
IIIu-Rail Bb1ABIIHYJI rrepe;J; IIMrrepa Tp1In;eiI II.J;e10 0 MoeM OT-
petJeHIIH. C Tex rrop OH, CCb1JlanCb lIa HHD;HJ];eHT OKOJIO BO-
pOT L(YHxyaM3Hb **, 60Jlbme BO Bop e He IJIOHBJIHJlCR.
IloCJI9 ¥qaH(',!{Oro ,BOCCTalIIIfl (10 OKTJIOpH 1911 ro a)
BOJIHeHIIH OXBa TUJIU tRce panoHb1 CTpaHbI. l\1aHbqmYPcKIIe
KO laH,n;IIpbI rrOKa3a.1JII CBOID HeCITOCOOnOcTb PYKOBOf];HTb 63H-
HHCROII apMHeiI. RHH3Io-pereHTY npIIIIIJIOC'T} cor:.raCHTbCH C
peKO)IeH,n;an;rreH BeallKoro KHH3H II RyaHa JI lJ:pyrlIx - 'Bep-
HYTb lOaHL- mU-KaH. rrOCJle HIIll, 3HaH ce6e n;eHY, nOJIyqaJI
rrOJIHYIO JIH<pop)!an;UIO OT cnoero ::JaKa;J:bPIHoro pyra - 3a-
:\IeCTIITeJIH "tJ.:rreHa focy;:rapcTReHHoro coneTa CIOll: mH-1JaHa,
:I: RaH - HII3RaH KUpIIIIqHaH JIei-f\aHRa, Ha ROTOpOH CII1];eJIH II
crra:'IIT. 3II fOii OTarrJHIBaeTCH Harro,n;06ne rreqII. BeC:bMa pacrrpOCTpa-
TIeR B CeBepHO 1 RnTae. - II pu.u. pea.
*:f. 16 HHBapH 1912 ro a, Kor;J;a lOaHI) mn-RaM B03BpaID;aJICH 1];0-
MOn: H3 lIMrrepaTopCRoro ;tBOpn;a. Tpoe 113 TJ,TJenOB peBOJIIOWIOHHoii
rrapnm r3MJIH aH nO;J;I\a 11 aY!IH."1II era n OpOrJlJIll rpaH3 TY. lOaHI}
illn-Raii He nOCTpa;1a ; 6J>IJI YOIIT pro CT a pill IIf[ TeJIOXpa HlIT eJIT) n
paHeTTbI ITPCRO.TII)l,O co.rr)];aT OXpaHhT. IIorJIc 3Toro CJIy-qaH lOaH:b illu-
T\aii. cor.,aBlunrb 1-Ia «CCp n;Conenne, FI\ap, OOJIT) B JIeBoii Hore n n
nOHCmm;e». yexaJI B OTrrYCR. OR OTJ\3:-J3.rrrH nonn.TJHTbCH BO ,I{BOpn;e,
TTorrporHB R fPCTO reOH Xy Ban-;:r;3 II :J:pyrnx !{ORJIanhIBaTL 0 neJTa
61
ObL1I OCBe O IJIeH 0 ;:I;eiiCTBHHX B TIeKHHe H HeCI{OJIbKO pa3
OTKa3bllBaJICH tOT rrpeAJIOmeHIIH IIeKHHa, nOKa He 6bIJI H3-
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TOJIbKO Tenepb OH rrplIHHJI YKa3 H'MIIepaTop3 K H'CnOJIHeH/HIO
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B3HB 06pa THO ropo XaHb.f.LH, OH rrpn:OCTaHOBIIJI rrpO,I(BIIme-
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3TO 6LIJI Yn e COBceM He TOT IOaHb mll-Kaii, 1JTO paHLme.
On He TOJIbRO OOJIaJJ;aJI 'BoeHHOll IBJIaCTbIO, HO, "liTO 6bL1IO 3Ha-
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B3HTIIH XaHbHHa 63HHHCKOH apM1IeM aHrJIUll'CR'IIM rrOCJIaH-
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B IIeKHH 3nrJIITM'CKnH reHepaJILHLIH KOHCYJI B Y"IIaHe 'BLICTY-
IIJIJI C TIpe.n;JIOmeHIIeM 0 rrpeKpam;e.HHH or,HH MemAY D;IIHeKH-
l\fff II pecrry6JIIIKaHCRIIMII BOHCKal\IH. ,l(pyroM lOaHL illH-K3H
B rra pTIJII r3 IIIH aH 6bIJI BaH Q3HH-B3M, rroKymaBmlIHCH B
CBoe BpeMH Ha KHH3H-]}ereHT3. RorAa BaH U:3HH-B3H
-CXB3TIJ.:'III, neJIIIKHH KHH3L Cy, n,o HMeHH maHL U:H, OKa3aJI
eM)' rrpeKpaCHLIH rrpIIeM. MOH OTen; IIHC3JI B C-BoeH ono-
rpacjnIU, "liTO 3TO 6bIJIO CAeJIaHO 'C n;eJILIO «rrpHBJIe1JL ero
Ha CBOIO CTOPOHY». Ha caMOM eJIe 'Bce 06CTOHJIO 'HHa"lle.
RaK MHe p'accKa3bIBaJI 'OAIIH MOM pOAcTBeHHIIK, B TO 'BpeMH
6LIJI HeKHH HiiOHen; ITO HMeHH HHClIAa KOHTH, KOTO-
pLIH Qepe3 HrrOHCKITX COBeTHIIKOB aJI maHb U:H I10HHTL,
"tJTO JI1IKBIIAan;IIH BaH Q3HH-iB3H KpaHHe HeiReJIa TeJILHa.
KHH3L-pereHT He OC}leJIIIJICH Ka3H1ITb BaH U:3HH-B3H, 3 BO
BpeMH ¥QaHCROro BOCCTaHHH IIOCJIe HHH 6bIJI IOCBoo,om eH
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* 15 HOH6pH 1911 ro,n;a MIIHIICTp IIHOCTpaHlffilX ,n;eJI AHrmrn
rpail OTIIpaBIIJI B KHTaH nOCJIaHHIIKY Amop aHY CJIeJQTIOIIU'IO TeJTe-
rpaMMY: «OTBeqalO Ha Barny TeJIerpaMMY OT 12-ro qIICJIa. Mbl yme
Bblpa311JIH lOaHb llIH-KaIO Harne BbICOI\oe YBameH1le JI caMble lJ:PY-
meCKHe qYBCTBa. M:bl XOTInf BII,];eTb ;aOCTaTOqHO CIIJIbHOe npaBH-
TeJIbCTBO, ROTopoe MOrJIO 6bl 6ecrrplICTpaCTHO HOpMaJI'lI30BaTb BHern-
IDIe OTHorneHIIH, nO;r:J;,n;epmIIBaTI) IIOpH;r:J;OI BHYTPII CTpaHbl 11 C03;r:J;aTb
6JIarOIIplIHTHyro 06CTaHOBRY l{JUI TOprOBJIII B RHTae. TaRoe npaBJI-
TeJIbCTBO nOJIY1JHT JII06yIO BHeIIIHIOIO IIOMOIIJ;b. T\OTOpyro Mbl CMOffiPM
ORa3aTb>} (CM. CUHIOIO T HJlry «RHTaH», 1912. M 1. CTp. 40).
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CTaB TaKIIM 06pa30M cnBeTHIIKOM IOaHb mIl-RaH II nocpe,n;-
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HIIKor a He 'BOeBaJI. He 3HaIO,- IIOCrremHJI OTBeTHTb Q3aii
Tao, 'oToHBaH rrOKJIOH.
- MJJ:IITe,- rrpOMOJfBIIJIa H'Mrre'paTplID;a.
maHb QH ,CHOBa ee II'Pe OCTeper:
- CKOpO JOaHb mH-Kaii II 'tJJIeHbI KaOHHeTa IIPHJU7T Ha
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- .H 'TaK 601OCI) aTOH BCTpeqII! - IIMrrepa TpH a B3fJ:OX-
HYJIa.
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bI IIJIaH OTBeTHbIX Iep. OH rrpe JIaraJI pemeHlIe IBOII,poca
00 O'l'pe'tJeHJI1II 1303"TIOmIITb Ha rra'pJIa)feHT 1(0 CO'iJbma ROTO-
poro ObIJIO ern;e OtIeHb II Oqe,HT> fJ:aJIeKO. Ho TIJIeH Ka6HHeTa
tJma.o Q3HHb-:q3IOHb IIplImeJI c aBHO yme rrpHrOTOBJIeHHbIM
OTBeTO 1 JOaHb mlI-KaH:
- ECJTJI 3TOT Borrpoc OY)J;YT o6cym aTb Bce, TO IIpoii YT
JIJI «JIbroTHbIe YCJIOBIIH», CKa3aTb TPY)J;HO.
HMrrepaTpHQa He COTI.rra HymHbIM OOJII>me o5cym aTL
68
rrpe)J;JIOmeHHe RHH3eii OTHOCHTeJIbHO BOeHHhIX f]:eHCTBHi.
RHH3LH HeO,n;HORpaTHO npe)J;yIIpeiK)J;aJIH JIYH lOii lITOObI OHa
He I'OBOpHJIa 00 aTOM C eBHyxa fII, HO, RaR ToaLRO HMnepaT-
pHIJ;a 'B03Bpa TMJIa,Cb BO Bopeu;, OTKOpM:IeHHbIll: lOanb illH-
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JJ:a-tImaH IIepBbI r paCKpbIJI pOT:
- ITo IHeHHJO paoa, 'PecIIy5 TJIIRa II IOHapxHH - Bce
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".,
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pIT a OCTaHeTCH H IIIepaTpHn;eii. O HaRO ,IJ;JIH 3Toro HymHo
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peBOJIIOu;HOHHaR rrapTIIH BaXBaTHT ITeRTIH II Tor a BceMY
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nu;a TII. OH npeLIJIOmJIJI rrpTI)J:epiHTIBa TbCR MeTOn;a MaCRHpOB-
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tJHBaJIHCb oe3pe3YJIT)Ta THO. M TYT ROMaHJJ:YJOIqrrH 6aHHHCRon
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nanlO B TpeTHH fOJ[ rrrpan,TfeHTfR Tf mepaTopa ClOaIII>Tyna
(12 £pe'BpaJJH 1912 ro a) H,I{OBCTBYIOru;aH TI:\frrepaTpHu;a JIyn
IOn OO'J>HRIfJIR 0 MoeM OTpe"CJeHHH. tJaCTb RHH3eH YRpbIJIaCb
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II BCel\I CBOHM HMym;ecTBoM rrepeexa.rr B THHbu;3JIHb, na Tep-
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l\{oii OTeI(. He CRH3aB TTTI CJTORa HR 3arenaHJiJVJ, rrOCJIe 007-J1rn-
69
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RIITaHCKOM pecnYOJIIIRII. H me CTaJI .coce OM npe3HAeHTa 11
B COOTBeTCTBHII C «JIbrOTH:bIMH YCJIOBIIHMH AJIH HHCRoro
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1. fIocJIe OTpeqeHIIH HMrrepa Topa BeJIIIKOH IJ;IIHCKOH HM-
neplfH OT npeCTOJIa ero IIOqeTHbIH TIITYJI ,coxpaHHeTCH 3a
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CHT:bCH R He IY C rrOqeTO I, KaK K JIIOOOMY HHOCTpaHHOMY
loHapxy.
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4 MIIJIJIIIOHa nHHOB cepeopa, HJIII 4 nIJIJIHOHa IOaHeR nOCJIe
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coxpaHeHbI HaBeqHO. Mx ox'paHY CTaHeT ocy eCTBJIHTb KH-
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nJIaHY. QepeMoHIIH rrorpeoeHIIH 6y eT COBepmeHa c.ornaCHO
cy ecTByIO eMY CTapOMY plITyaJIY. Bce CBH3aHHbIe 'C 3THM
3aTpaTbI B03:IaraIOTCH Ha RIITaRcKYIO pecrrYOJIHKY.
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70
7. nOCJIe OTpeqeHHH HMnepaTopa 'BeJIIIKOH I1HCKOii 11M-
nepHH OT npeCTOJIa ero HqHaH COOCTBellHOCTb 'CTaHeT ocooo
oxpaHHTbCH RHTanCKOH pecrry6JIIIKoii.
8. TIpemHHH Bop OBaH OXlpaHa 16Y).1;eT 'BJIIITa B apMWO
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JIOBaHbH oQCTaIOTCH npeiRIDIMH.
mH3HL B KA'tJECTBE HMIIEPATOPA
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iKlIBaHHe BO ).1;BOpn;e» He 6hIJIO OrpaHlIqeHO KOHKpeTHo YCTa-
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eTCTBO. Be b Kor a B KHTae 6hIJIa YCTaHOBJIeHa pecnyo-
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pOBaHHaH TIepennn;a Ha KpbIllie - meJITaH, naJIaHKIIH - meJI-
ThIii, nOACTHJIKH Ha 'CTYJIlJHX - meJITbIe, nOAKJIa KH Ha
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npnx,o).1; MHe IIOHaTIaJIY 6bIJIO C HHMII OqeHb CKyqHO. .H 11
6a6ymKa cHJ];eJIlI na RaHe. BaOYlliKa c e).1;I1JIa, KaR H pac-
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71
11 pemIIJI no.BeCTII 6paTa II CeCTpy K ce6e B ABOP OBYIO I1a-
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72
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80
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115
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117
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III If X 'B Oe HOCTIM II JIlImeHMHX. MHOTJIX R3 HIIX 1II0TOM HaXOJ];HJIII
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CTaHOBMJIIICb rrpOCTHTYTRaMM. Mem,n;y TeM CJIyma He t:(e-
rra pTaMellTa ,n;Bopa OTRpbIBaJIH aHTMRBa pHble Mara3HHbl, MO-
HHJIbHbIe JIaBI{II, JIO IOa p,n;bl, IMe5eJIbHbIe 4>a6pMRM II ,n;pyrHe
RpyrrHbIe ToprOBble rrpe,n;rrpJiIHTMH. H MOM HaCTaBHHRH, B
CBoe BpeMH rrOMoraBIllHe t:(errapTaMeHTY ,n;Bopa 'OOpOTbCH npo-
TJiIB TOtrO, lITO\Obl H TI,oRyrraJl a ' BTOM06MJIb II YCTana'BJIHIBaJI
TeJIe<pOII, Terrepb BocrrpIIHMMaJIM Bce ero .n;eHHHH oe3 ,n;OOpbIX
1:J1YmCTIB. He3a'AOJIro .n;o CIBoen ,CMe'pTII HaCTaBHHJ{ H Ka-TaHb
OOBHHHJI q :nIb Bao-Ill3IIH B TOM, 'tJTO rrOCJIe,n;HHn CRpbIBaJI OT
MeHH 3JIoyrroTpeOJIeHIIH t:( erra pTaMeHTa ,n;Bopa; OH 3aHBHJI,
lITO q3Hb Bao-maIlb «BMIIOBeH B OOMaHe l\fOnapXa» M He,n;o-
CTOHH 'ObITb C'TapmJlM HaCTaBHHROM. 0 t:(mOHCTOHe HeqerO
ObIJIO H rOBopHTb. B ero rrpe,n;CTaBJIeHMM t:(errapTaMeHT ,n;BO-
pa OblJI rrO JIHHHbIM RpOBorrIIii eii. Ero OTHOIlleHHe K t:(e-
rrapTaMeHTY ,n;Bopa crrOCOOCTBOBaJIO Moen pemHMOCTII pe-
opraHH30BaTb ero.
- Bce, HaqIIHaH CO CJIyma Hx t:(errapTaMeHTa ,n;Bopa
II ROHqaH yrrpa,BJIHIOIIJ;HMII B pe31I,n;eHn;HHX KHH3en, ooraTen-
mIle JIIOjJ;M,- CRa3aJI OH o,n;Ham,n;bI.- Ca,l\f X03HHH He 3HaeT,
CROJIbRO y Hero oora TCTB, H crrpaIllHBaeT 00 3TOM Y CBoero
yrrpaBJIHIOm;ero. HHor,n;a X03HHHY rrpHXOAHTCH ,n;ame npo-
CHTb y Hero ,n;eHbru, HHatIe caM 011 Oy,n;OT CH,n;eTb 6e3 rpOllia.
¥TpatJeHHbIX Bem;eii He BepHYTb, HO, eCJIH He rrOCTaBHTb Ta-
RMX yrrpaBJIHIO MX Ha MeCTO, OOIOCb, "[ITO He coxpaHMTb II
Toro HeOOJIbIllOrO KOJIMQeCTBa ,n;paro eHIIOCTeii, ROTopbIe yn;e-
JIeJIM.
B ,n;pyron pa3 OH CRa3aJI:
- Y t:(errapTaMeHTa ,n;Bopa eCTb ,n;eBM3: JIIOObIMM cpe,n;CT-
BaMJiI rro,n;,n;epiI\JlBa Tb cy eCTBYlo ee rrOJIOmeHHe. By,n;b TO
He3HaqMTeJIbHOe U3MeHeHHe HJIH rpaHAH03HMe rrJIaIIW peop-
raHM3an;HM, Bce OHH Ha TOJIRHYTCH Ha 3TOT ,n;eBH3 - II Tor,n;a
CTon!
178
HaCTaBHIfJtlt ,n;aBtIO 3a , ttpa I BM.1ItI ,MOt<> «Ma,ID1t,Ity» rOplOrqUM,
a MOTOp ly.me 16bIJI « 3af)Jy eH». II eCJllI paHbwe IMomHO ObIJI.Q
rOBoplITb 0 TOM, lITO KTO-TO pyroii ynpaBJIHJI BMeCTO MeHH,
TO TcnepL H caM CIIAeJl na l\fCCTC BOAMTeJlfl H exaJl HaBCTpeqy
MoeM Me 1 ITc. .fl TOJlLI\O lITO ycnellIHo IMHHOBaJl «IIepeKpeCTOK»
POCIIYCKa CBnYXOB, H Tencpb, HTO 6bI 1111 BeJleJl MIle OCTaHO-
BHTbCH, C].I;eJla Tb aTO '6LIJlO HeB03MomHO.
H IIpHHflJl TBcp,n;oe pemeHHe. 11 H IIameJl CHJIbI.
IIepBoe, 'lITO H c,n;eJlaJI IIOCJle CBa,n;b6:bI, - 3TO BOCIIOJIb30BaJl-
CH CBoeM BJlaCTLIO 11 'B:bI16paJl H ' 3 n'pH!Bep eH e'B MOHapXIIH,
IIpHHHMaBmMX yqaCTUe B CBaAe6HOM epeMOHHH, CaM:bIX npe-
,n;aHHbIX II TaJlaHTJlMB:bIX, C MOCH T01IKII 3peHHH, JlIO,n;eii B
KalIeCTBe CBOHX 6J1HmaMllIHx ,n;OBcpeHHbIX IIOMOID;HHKOB. 113-
6paHHbIe me B CBOIO 01ICpOA:b peI OMeII,n;OBaJlH MHe CBOHX JIyq-
mHX APY3eii. TaKUM 06pa30M, n 3anpeTHOM ropo,n;e I{OJllIqe-
C1lB1o. ROC YBeJl'll]lIMJlOICb Ilia 12-13 mTYR. ,8TH'MrH JIlp'Ol,IlJaH-
IIbIMH JIIOALMII 6bIJIII qiH3H CflO-CIOM, JIo qmaH:b-IOll, Q3HH
<1>aH-lIaH, B3H:b Cy, 1\3 llIao-MHHb, JIH qmYH-cM, qmy IKy-
qm3H:b, BaH fO-B3ii, llIaH I1-HH H ,n;pyrHe. .R IIOmaJlOBaJI HM
IlOlIeTHbl ' e THTYJlbI qJIeHOB IOmHOI1'O Ka6HHe ' Ta (yqe6HaH :H'QI:M-
naTa HMIIepa Topa) 11 1JJIeHOB IIaJla TbI MaOn;UHbAHIIb (IIaJIa Ta,
Be].l;aBmafl KaHn;eJlHpCKHMH npHHa,n;JIemHOCTHMH HMIIepaTO-
pa). KpOMe aToro, fl Ha3IIa lIHJI IMHHHCTpaMH ,n;Bopa ABYX
MaH:b'IImypOB - 6bIBmero HaCTaBHHKa Y qmaH CI03-JIHHa,
BbIxo,n; a 1I3 KpaCHoro 3HaMeHH C KaRMOIO, BH e-ry6epHaTO-
pa MOHrOJIHH Q3HHb JIHHa H Moero TeCTH lKYH IOaHfl.
8TH JIIO,n;H ,n;aBaJIH MHe COBeTM B YCTHOH 11 IIHC:bMeHHOH
cpopMe. K COiKaJIeHHIO, HX 3aIIHCH IIOq'TH He COXpaHHJIHC:b.
II plLBe,n;y JIHm:b OTp:bIBOK U3 OKa3aBlIIellCH y MeHH no,n; py-
ROM ,n;oKJIa,n;HoM 3aIIHCKH Q3HH:b JIHHa, ,n;aTHpoBaHHOM HHBa-
pe'M m8'CTHa.n; aTo["1Q DOAa npaBJI1efHIHH CIOaH:bTYHa (1924 DOp):
«...ITo ,MHeHHIO Bamcro IIO AaHH'OI'O, CaIM:bIIM 'BalKHbDM
CellqaC HBJIHeTCH TaHHaH IIOArOTOBRa R peCTaBpan;HH. ,IJ:JIH
B:bIIIOJlHeHHfl aTOM BeJIHKOii MHCCHH IIpeo6pa30BaHHH MHpa
cyru;ecTByeT MHomeCTBO 3a)J;aq, Tpe6YIOru;HX pemeHHfl. fJlaB"
HaH 3a,n;aqa - YKpeIIHTb CIIJl01IeH1I0CTb, 3aru;Hru;aH HMIIepa-
TOpCKHM ,n;BOp. BTopafl He MeHee BamHafl 3a,n;aqa - IIpHBeCTH
B IIOpH,n;OK ,n;Bop OBoe HMyru;eCTBO, C TeM "IlT06bI Ha,n;emHO
xpaHHTb HamH cpHHanCbI. ,BamHo MMeTb !Bce TO, tJeM M:bI
6y,n;eM IIo,n;,n;epmHBa T:b H 3aru;Hru;a Tb ce6H. TOJl:bKO Tor,n;a Mom-
110 HaMe-qaT:b pecTaBpan;HIO...»
Q3HH:b JIflH ,n;aJlee IIpe)J;JIaraJI ROHI\peTHbIe cIIoco6bI pea-
JIH3an;HH IIOCTaBJIeIlII:bIX 3a alI. .R 6bIJI IIOJIHOCTbIO COrJIaCeH C
179
}fllM n 'rOtM, 1J:TO peOpr,aHI1I3a I1IO IHe06xo,IJ;H'MtQ Ha tI,lIHa Tb C
Olrr,a pTalMCHTa ].J;BOpa.
HpOMe ,c'alMbIX phHHbIX 'CT ' OPOllHJ11{'OB TaMHOM IpleCTaBpa-
IJ;M'II, a/Re IIOCCHMM'CTIII'qOCllfli :lIaCTpOCHHbIe ,npll1'llepmOHl(bI
MOHapXllll 'B 60JIbIllHtHCTBe ICBoeM He B03pamaJIll n'pOTJI'B «3a-
IIIJIIT:bI BiOlpa, Y,IIOpHp;OtI'eHHH <pI1HanCOB II JlllRB'll'p;aIJ;lllI 3JliQ-
yrrIOT,peI6J10Hl1H». Cpe lI HHX HaXO llJIa'Cb JIHIllb HeOOJlbIllaH
TPY1II,II'Ka JIIO eM, !I{OTOpbIe !IIpH )T1IIOMHHaHHH 0 peopTaHH3a-
ll J-];e[IapTaIMeHTa J];Bopa TOJIb'RO TIOKaq:nBaJIll 'rOJIOBOH.
K HHM OTHOCJHJICJI H MOM HaCTaBIHlI!K "lJJ3Hb. 8Tll JlIO ll CqH-
TaJIM, itfTO 3JIoynoT,pe6J1eHllH - 60JIe3Hb 3aCTapeJIaH, B03-
lHHKIIIaH He IB O llH eHb. Y'CJIOBHH )J;JIH ee nOHIBJIeHll'H C03-
a'BaJIMCb J];eHb 13a HeM HarqILlIa.H e e 'CO npeMeHH HMnepa-
Topa HHbJl Ha. IBeJ\b OKa3aJlllCb }He 6e3YCilleIllHbIMlI no-
flbITI{ll IrrpOH3BeCTlI Ipeop'raHH3a RIO IBO 'BpeMeHa npalBJIOHllH
Q3 llHa H aoryaHa. A pa3Be CeHrqalC aTO C eJlaTb JIeffqe?
HaCTa'BJIHK q ' 3Hb CQllTaJl, "tlTO ena'pTa'MeHT Bopa JIy-qme
He T'poraTb, peop'raHH3a llH TOJlblKO YX llillT tlIOJIO.iKeHHe.
QT0I6bI lIe 16YJl!opa llTb !MaJlbm ]J;BOp, Ha o OTJIOmHTb Ipeme-
Rlle 13Toro Bonpoca O 60JIee nO OWI ero ,l\l,OMeHTa. JIIO.L{H,
no o6HbIe HaCTa'BHHJKY Q3HIO, CTapaJIll'Cb epmaTb lIeHTpa-
JlllTeT - IOHll 11 He O o6pHJlH peop 1 raH 1 ll3aII,HIO 11 He 3a H-
aJIH 8lIIa'pTaMeHT Bopa.
!{aK-TO H03a,n;OJIrO O ,Moen meHllTb6bI H YCTpOHJI Hepa3-
YMHYIO 3aTeIO C Y110PHAOQCHlleM WHHaHCOB, pelliH,B no rrpep;-
JIO}ReHHIO mOHCTOHa Y Ipep;HTb opraH, KOTOpbIM crre :naJIbHO
3aH'HJICH /6bl 3THMH IBO[lpOCaMH. R IIpHTJlaCHJI JIyrqmeTO JJ;py,ra
mOHCTOHa - JIll Q3HH-:MaH, C TeM tITo6bl OH B03rJIaBHJI
3TOT Cne MaJIbHbIH opraH. JIll He COrJlaCHJICH H nopeKO-
MeHp;OBaJl BMeCTO coon CBoero po,n;CTBeHHHKa no <paMHJIHll
JIIO. el1apTaMeHT p;Bopa, npHMO He BbIpamaH CBoero He-
COrJIaCIIH, BHOB:b IIpHoer K rrOMO II OT a. R He rrpHHHJI BO
BHHMaHHe ero yroBopbI H TBepAO HaCTaHBaJI Ha 'Ha3HaQeHHH
pop;CTBeHHHKa JIll Q3HH-MaH Ha 3TOT nOCT. BCKope JIIO 3a-
HHJI Moe MCCTO. Op;HaI\O, rrpOCJlymHB Bcero JlHmb TPH Me-
CHu;,a, OH rrOrrpOCHJI OTIIYCK H BepHYJICH B llIaHxaH.
Hey a1I!Y H OO'bHCHllJI BbI160pOM Hem:o xo e'ro qeJIOIBe)Ka H
TeM, tITO He YMeJI em;e npaBHTb JIH1IHO. K TOMY BpeMeHH no-
JlHTlltIeCKan 06CTaHOBKa B CTpane pe3KO 060CTpHJIaCb H MHe
tIYTb 6bIJlO He rrpHlliJIOCb 6ema Tb B aHrJIMMCKYIO MHCCHIO. BbI-
JIO He P;O peopraHH3a HH. O HaKO H3MeHllJlOCb H Moe nOJlO-
meHue. Bo-rrepBbIX, H CTaJI B3pOCJIbIM -qeJlOBeKOM H HHRTO
yme He Mor nOMeIllaTb ,MIle ocym;ecTBHTb 3aAYMaHHoe. Bo-
180
u
BTOpbIX, B03J1e ,MeHH HaXO HJlaCb rpynrra BeptILIX Mae JtIO,n;eH
n CHJlbI HamH YBeJlHtIHJlHC:b. .R C 60Jl:blliHl\i y,n;OBJleTBOpeHlIeM
BbI6paJI 113 aTOM rpYIIrrLI qiK3H CHO-CIOH, I\OTOPOMY 11 IIOpYQlIJI
OTneTCTBeHHYIO 3a,n;a tIY peOpraH1I3a HlI.
qm3H CHO-ClOii 6bIJI 3el\iJIHI\OM qaH:b Bao-m3HH. IIplI QlI-
Hax OH CJIYiKHJI KOHCYJIOM B .flrrOHlIH, B ropo,n;e K063, 6:bIJI
rrOrpaHHtIHLIM KOl\iMCCapOM n rrpOBIIH lIM fyaHCH. Ero peKO-
Men,n;oBaJllI MHe q3H:b BaO-1lI3Hb 11 AiKOHCTOH. OcooeHlIO Ha-
XBaJIHBaJI ero AiKOHCTOH, IIo,n;tIepI{lIBaH, lITO qm3H CHO-
CIOR - Ca I:bIM YBamaeMbIM 11M "lleJlOBeK 3a ,n;,Ba,n;u;aT:b JIeT ero
rrpe6:bIBaHlIH B KlITae II tITO BToporo TaKoro TaJIaHTa He C:bI-
CRaTL. qlli31I CHO-CIOH O:bIJI tIeJIOBeKOM 3HeprlItIH:bIM 11 06JIa-
,n;aJI He3aypH,n;H:bIMII opraHH3aTOpCRlIMlI crroc06HOCTHMH. q3Hb
Bao-m3Hb rOBOpHJI, "lITO B rrpOlIlJlOM OH Heo,n;HOKpaTHO OTRa-
3:bIBaJICH OT rrpe,n;JIOiKeHHH npe3II,n;eHTa pecrry6J1HKH CTa T:b
pecrry6J1lIHanCHUM "lIHHOBIIHI{OM 11 rroJlyqa Tb OT pecrry6J1lIRH
iKaJlOBaH:be. Ero XBaJIHJlH II B ra3eTax. IIoroBa pHBaJIII, "lITO
qiK3H CHO-CIOM 60JIeo ,n;eCflTH JleT rrHCaJl rrpeKpaCH:bIe CTHXH.
fl ern;e pa'H:bme BH,n;OJI ero RaJlJlHrpa<j>HqeCRIIe HaArrHCIi. fo-
BOpHJllI, tITO OH 3apa6aTLIBaJI Ha iK1I3H:b rrpo,n;aiHeM aTIIX o6pa3-
OB I{aJIJlHrpa4>MII. 11 3Toro tJeJlOBeKa, OTKa3aBmerOCH OT cJla-
Bbl M ,n;eHer :n rrpMme,n;mero CJIYiKlITb no ,n;BOpOU;, H CtIHTaJI Ha
pe)];KOCT:b BepH:bIM 11 rrpe aHH:bIM.
BrrepB:bIe H BCTpeTlIJICH C qiK3H CHo-clOeM JleTOM ABe-
Ha,n;u;a Toro ro,n;a pecrry6JIlIKH. OH rOBOpHJI 'co MHOR 06CTOH-
TeJl:bHO 11 ,n;OJIro. B MIIHYT:bI Boo,n;ymeBJleHlIH ero 6pOBlI no-
AeprlIBaJllIC:b M OIl 3axJle6bIBaJlCH OT BOCTopra; B rretIaJI:bH:bIX
MeCTax TOJIOC ero 3a TlIXaJI H Ha TJla3a HaBepTbIBaJll'rC:b CJIe-
3LI. Bco 3TO rrpOII3nCJIO Ha MCIHI orpOMHoe BrrC"lIaTJlCIIMe. .R
TOTQaC iI\O pemHJI OCTaBHT:b qiK3H CHO-ClOll BO ,n;Bopu;e 11
B:bIpa3HJI na,n;eiK,n;y, tITO OH xopomo rrpOHBMT ce6H Ha HOBOM
rrorrpHru;e. q TO H Tor,n;a eMY CI\a3aJI, TOqHO He rrOMHIO, rrOMHIO
JllIlIl:b, "(ITO OH 6:bIJI OtIeH:b paCTporaH MOH,MlI CJlo.BaMH 11 TYT
iHe OtIeHb 6bICTpO CO"lIIIHMJI «CTMXH 0 MMJIOCTlI lIMrrepaTOpa».
C TCX rrop KaK qil{3H CHO-ClOll CTaJl qJleHOM rraJIa T:bI Mao-
HH:b,n;HII:b, OH no pa3 rOBOplIJI ,MHe, "lITO )];JIH ,n;OCTHiI{eHHH Be-
JIMKlIX u;eJleR CHaqaJIa H806xo,n;lIMO peopraHH30BaT:b Aerrap-
TaMeHT ,n;Bopa, rrpe,n;JIOiHnn eru;e 60Jlee KOHHpeTH:bIH rrJIaH pe-
opraHH3a lIH, tIeM Q3HHb JIHH. COrJIaCHO 3TOMY rrJlaHY, B
AerrapTaMeHTe ABopa CJle,n;OBaJIO OCTanHT:b TOJIbHO qeT:bIpe
OTAeJIa 11 3Ha"lIlITeJl:bHO YMeH:bmHT:b tIlICJlO tIMHOBHlIROB. II pe,n;-
JIaraJlOCL CHH31IT:b 11 MIIOrOlJIICJIeHH:bIe pacxo,n;:bI, tJTO He TOJI:b-
KO rrplIOCTaHOBlIJlO 6bI YTe 1 1HY ,n;eHer, HD H rrOCJIYiKlIJIO lICTOtI-
181
HHKOM .n;JIH HaKOlIJIeHHH. ,IJ:pyruMIl CJIOBaMH, np1l ocy ecTB-
JIeHHH 3Toro rrJIaHa IIAeH peCTaBpa IIH rrpem,n;e Bcero o6peTa-
JIa <pHHaH'COBYIO OCHOBY. TI03TOMY, HapYIllaH Bce HOpMbI, H
Ha3Ha IHJI 3Toro xalIbCKoro CaUo.BIIlIKa na qaJI:blIlIROM ABOp-
n;OBoro yrrpaBJIeHHH, rJIaBeHCTBYIO UM cpe,n;u rrpOlIHX npH-
BOpH:bIX, H rJIaBH:bIM xpaHHTeJle,M nel.JaTH. IIoJIyqHB TaRoe
Heol6bJ!1IHOe IIIOBLIIIIeHHe, q\iK ' 3H ,CHO-'CroM CHOBa IB 3Ha,R ,6JIaro-
.n;a pHOCTH COlIHlIHJI CTHXH.
O.n;HaRO ,n;YMaT:b, qTO HeBemeCTBeHH:bIM .n:errapTaMeHT BO-
pa Mor lIOTepl1eTb nopameHHe OT qm3H CHO-CIOH,- 3HaqHT
CJIHIllKOM lIpeYMeHbIllaTb crroco6HOCTH yrrpaBJIHIO HX KaH e-
JIHpHeH H MMrrepaTopCKHM ].I;BOpOM, Ha'CQHTbIBaBIllHM 60JIce
qeM .u-BYXCOTJIeTHIOIO HICTOpmo. Ii XOTH qtil\3H CHO-'CIOM BHAeJI
Bce IB pa,n;ymHoM CBeTe 11 om;y aJI MOIO lIO,LJ;AepmI\Y H AOBe-
pHe, ero cy,n;b l 6a OKa3aJIaCL TaKoM me, KaK H y pOAcTBeHHH-
Ka JIM 1 3IIH-MaH,- OH Tome npo,LJ;epmaJICH Bcero JIHIll:b TpH
MeCHn;a.
RTO me H3 3THX npOCT:bIX II Heo6pa30BaHHbIx CJIymam;Hx
.n:errapTaMeHTa ,n;Bopa B:bImHJI qiI\3H CHO-CIOH, H TaK ,n;o KOH a
:II He J3:bIHCHMJI. MomeT 6:bITL, 3TO eJIo IPyR IlIao lIHa?
Ho OH 6bIJI 1I3nCCTH:bIii TPYC. QII JIHH? STOT Boo6m;e MaJIO
pa3roBapMBaJI, ,n;a II B ,n;eJIax .n:erra pTaMeHTa ,n;Bopa 6:bIJI
nOJIH:bIM lIlpo<paHoM. qTO me KacaeTCH Bao CU, TO OH npH-
6MJI BO ,n;Bopen; COBceM HeAaBHO H BPHA JIH MMeJI TaKHe He-
06bIKHOBeHH:bIe crroco6HOCTH. Tpy,n;HO lIpe,n;rrOJIOiRHTb, tJTO
3TO 6:bIJIO c,n;eJIaHO rro HlIHIJ;Ha TH,ne HII3illJIX JUHOBH:nKOB .n:e-
rrapTaMeHTa, HOO BPH,n; JIH OHH OCMOJIHJIHC:b nCTYIIHTb n e,n;H-
HOOOpCTBO C qm3H CHO-'ClOeM. rlepBoe, c tIeM 110CJIe,n;HHH
CTOJIKHYJICH rrOCJIe CBoero BCTyrrJIeHHH Ha IIOCT, ObIJIO CKO-
rrHm;e Hepa300pauHbIx AeJI, OTHOCHBIllHXCH e:w;e H nepMo,n;y
CHH:bXaHCKOM penOJIIOIJ;lIH. qm3H CHO-ClOll 'CIIHJI C AOJImHOCTII
rrpe,n;:bI,n;yru;ero Ha IaJIbIIIII\a OT,n;eJIa u 110CTaBlIJI Ha 3TOT Bam-
HbIM IlIOCT .n:YH Q3H-iCIOH , lKOTOPOMY JIHlIHO ,D;OBepHJI. O,LJ;HaI\O
rrOCJIe 3Toro .n:enapTa'MeHT ABopa CJIOllHO pa36MJI rrapaJIH I.
HymHbI 6bIJIH ,n;eHbrII - HX He 6bIJIO, ,n;elICTBlITeJIbHO He 6bIJIO,
II 3TO HCHO 110,n;Tnepm,n;aJIH 3arrHCII B I\HHre ClIeTOB. Tpe6oBa-
JIHC:b neru;H - nx BelIHO HeJI:b3H 6:bIJIO naMTH...
CTa paHCb npHBJIetI:b JIIOAOii na 'cnolO CTOPOHY, qj-I\3H CHO-
cIOn ,n;epmaJICH CKpOMIIO H Bcer,n;a npHCJIyrnHBaJICH K MHeHMIO
CBOHX no,n;QHHeHHbIX. OH pernlIJI RaiI ;J;YIO He,n;eJIIO BCTpe Ia Tb-
I"!
CH C HHMM ,n;JIH OOMeHa MHCIIHHMU, 110rrpOCHB MX 3apanee IIOlJ;-
rOTOBHTb CBOH rrpe,n;JIOmeIIIIH lIO rrpe,n;CTOH eM peopraHH3a-
:nu. O,n;lIH H3 no,n; IHHeHHbIX 3aMeTIIJI, liTO no ,n;BOpIJ;e B Ka Ie-
182
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217
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218
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223
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CT'PO YCTaHOBHTb 'CBH3H IC HymHbIMH JIIO,n;bMH, .co)J;epmaJI rryo-
JIlAHbIe J];'OtMa, JJI 1 0pHble npHTOHbI, OOlIlY,MORypHJIbHII H :6JIa-
ro a'pH TeCHOMY 'COTpy,n;HHlIHCTBY C PYCCKOH malI..n;apMeplH,eH
H rroJIM:Qneii CTaJI rrpn3HaHHbIM aBTopHTeTOM 'CJpe H rrpecTyrr-
Horo M'Hpa no BJIa,n;nnocToKe.
IIocJIe YqaHcK.oro BOCCTannn peBOJIIOIJ;UOHHaH apMHH
!Ora rrOCJIaJIa CBOIIX aMJI.C'CapOB K KHTaiicKo-PYCCKOH rpaHH-
n;e, C 'TeM "tIT06bI yroBoplfTb rJIa'BapH MeCTHbIX 6aH,n;uTOoB, no
KJIHJ1me JIIO-ITIYJIH (JIIO IOH-myana), nlpncoe HHHTbCH CO C.BO-
HMH JIIO,D;bMH K HHM.
IIocJIe YOOJIeHHbIX neperOBopOB oaHAHTbI JIIO tBOmJIH B
COCTaB Ka'BaJItepHMCKoro nOJIKa, a caM JIIO CTaJI 'ero KOMaH-
,D;H'pOM. TaK KaK qmaH tQ3YH-qaH BbI'cTyrraJI BO HceM aTOM
rrocpe;n;HHKOM, OH COII.pOBom)J;aJI IIX ,n;o illaHxaH, H ym He
3HaIO KaKHM o'6pa30M, HO caM OH CTaJI KOMaH IfpOM rrOJIKa
peIBOJIIO HOHHOM apMMH, a JIIO, Ha3HaqeHHbIM KOMaH,D;HpOM
HB1I3110Ha, OKa3aJI'CH rr,o,D; 'ero HallaJIOM. Ror.n;a 'HcrrbIxHYJIa
«BTOpaH peBOJIIOD;HH», OH rrepemeJI Ha CTOPOHY KOHTppe'BO-
,., u
JIIOD;MII H, 'cOBepmHB Mac.cOBble YOHHCT'Ba 'peBOJIIOD;1I0HepOB,
3alBOeJJaJI 'pacrrOJIOmeHMle <Pall ffo-qmaHa, CTaB KOMaH H'pOM
6aTaJILOHa ,ero OX,paHbI. OH 6bICTpO rrpo,n;BHraJICH rro cJIym6e,
'H BCIK.ope ero Ha31na qHJIH K'OMaH,n;HpOM o,n;HH'Ha D;a TOH ,D;HBn-
31111. IIoTeprreB ,rropam'eH'He B rrpoBHHD;nHx Q3HHCY ill AHb-
xoii, 011 6eiHaJI H3 QeHTpaJIbHOrO KHTan n HameJI npn6e-
mHm;e Y qmaH Q30-JII1HH, CTalB Y He.ro KOMaIl HpoM 6pHra,n;bI.
238
BJIarOAapH rrO epmKe <I>aHTHHbCKOH apMIIM OH I10CT ' err9HHO
IIO IIMMaJICH OT ,D;OJImHOCTII KOMaH Mpa IIBII311'11 ;rI;O KOMaH-
lIpa Koprryca, 'OT ,nOCTa HoeHHoro KOMJl.CCapa rrpOBIIH IIM
llIaHb YH O rJlaBIIOKOMaH,n;YIO ero no MCTipeOJIeHll1O 6aH;rI;II-
TOB \B TItpOBIHH H1IX 3HHey, AHbXOH II maH YH. Ha'KOHeI(
OH CTaJI KOMaH,D;YIO HM 06'beAUHeHHOH apMlI1I 'B IIpOBiMH IIHX
qmHJIH II illaHb,D;YH, rf(e cpaKTHQeCKM 6bIJI M,eCTHbIM HMrre-
paTopOM.
3a 'ero TeMHoe npOllIJIOe ra3eTbI Ha lOre Ha3bIBaJIH eDO
«C06aQbMM reHepaJIOM», a 3aTeM n,epeKpeCTHJIH B «J\JIHHHO-
",
HOrOI'O reHepaJIa», TaK KaK OH Bcer a n030pHO oemaJI, KOr);!a
Te'prreJI nopameHHe.
BToporo arrpeJIH 1928 rO)J;a IBOHCKa q,I\aH I 3YH-tIaHa, no-
na,B y ,pe'KM JIaHbxa IB KJIe II ,D;BYX a1pMIIH - qaH RaH-llIH
H q,maH OIOa-JIHHa, '6bIJIH pa3611TbI. ICaM qma'H U:3yn-'tJaH
6emaJI 13 JIIOHmYHb, a nOTOM nepenpa1BHJI'CH .HnoHHIO.
B 1932 ro,n;y no,D; npe,D;JIOrOM npHHeCTII IB IIOpH;rI;OK MO HJIbI
,CBOIIX np'e,D;KOB qmaH Q3YH-tIaiH nepHYJI'CH B illa.Hb,D;YH. 3,n;ecb
OH TaHHO yroBOpHJI JIIO qma-HRHH nO)J;HHTb B'OOCTaHH,e, Ha-
;:r;eHCb ,C nOMO bIO ero BOH'CK 3aXBaTHTb nOC'T npe c'e, aTeJIH
IDaHb)WHi(llioft InpOBHH H,H XaHb <DY- 3IOH II BOPHYTb ce6e
6bIJIOe rOCIIO,D;CTBO. TpeTbero ce,HTH6pH 1932 rO,D;a OH 6bIJI
y6IHT IlIa BOK3aJIe ,B ropo,n;'e Q3 f MHaHb. YOHHD;a rrpII3HaJICH,
QTO MCTMJI 3a CMe'pTb CBoero ,n;H)J;IOllIKM (ero ,D;H,D;IOllIKa qmaH
Q3HH-maH - KOMaH Mp KOlprryca B apMIIH <DaH IOH-fcHHa-
6bIJI pa'CCTpeJIHH q,RaH Q3YH-QaHoM). <DaKTHtI,eCKH me aTO
y611HCTBO 6bIJIO opraHII30BaHO npeAce,n;a TeJIeM rrpOBIIHn:1I11
maH YH XaHb <l>Y-I(3IOeM. rO OpHT, ItITO Tpryrrr q aH Q I 3YH-
,.,
'tJa,Ha OJIro naJIHJICH IIOJ]; OTKpbITbIM HeOOM, TaK KaK Ha QaJIb-
n,MK ero c'eKpeTapHaTa a,Re 3a eHbrll He Mor HaHHTb JIIO-
eH, KOTO'pbIe COrJIaCHJIMCb ObI n'e'peHeCTH ero TeJI'O, a rpo-
'60BI.IQf H 'He XOTeJIH npo aTb ,D;JIH Helro o6. B 'KOHI(e KOH-
t"" u
D;OB ,MeCTHbIe BJIaCTH npOBIIHII;UM, rro,n;CTpOllBm'He YOHllCTBO,
Bce m.e 'BeJI'eJIH y6pa Tb Tpyrr. STOT 3JIeHmHH Bpar HapOJJ;a
6bIJI 'tJa'CTbIM rOCTeM ,B MoeH pe311,n;e l HqllM B THHbD;3'HH.e, H JIa
H,ero H B03JIaraJI 60JIbllIlie iHa));"e'm,D;bI.
I\or,D;a H iHMJI IB ICeBepHoH pe311 eHD;1I1I OTD;a, MeHH O,D;-
HaliKJ{bI HaBeCTHJI qmaH Q3YH-rqaH; OH I6bIJI ne'p'eo eT 1I 3a-
rpHMllpOBaH. IIocJIe Moero rrlepee3 a B THHbD;3HHb OH HalBe-
aJI MelHH nCHKIIH pa3, Kor,,n;a 6bIBaJI B 'rO'po e. IIoHBJIHJI'CH
OH Bcer)J;a rJIy6oKoH HOIIbIO, TaK KaK A'HeM 06bIQnO CIIaJI. ITo
neqepaM OH KypliJI OIIIIYM, n03TOMY 6bIJI Bcer,n;a 'ClIJIbHO B03-
6YJI\,n;eH. MbI rOBOpMJHI na pa3IIbIe TOMbI II IIOAOJIry.
239
B 1926 TO Y IBoH'clKa qliKaH Q30-JIHHH 11 Y n'3H 06'L-
CAIIHHJIMCb rrpOTIfB <l>3H lOii-cHHa II pa36MJIH ero apMMIO no)];
HaHbKoy. ApMIIH <DalH IOii-.cH'Ha oTcTyrrMJIa, II nepBbIMH, KT'O
BOmeJI n HaHbKoy, 6bIJIM OTpH,n;bI qil\aH Q3yn-tIaHa. YCJIbI-
malB 3TY o6pylO ,n;JIH MeHH ,BeCTb, H H'eMe JI,eHHO HarrHCaJI
,eMY IJIHCbMO - MMrrepaTopcKMii 3)J;MKT, rr03A'pa ' BJIHH ,ero C no-
6e,n;oH Ha,n; pa'c.HbIMM H 'co ,crra.ceHHeM RHTaH OT KOMMY-
HII3Ma.
13 UlOJtR, 1926 eof)a
«IIHmy ,nH'CbMO c nOmeJIaHMHMII ,BCeI'O HaHJIY'Imero CHO
KYIHIO. MbI J];a'BHO He OOMeHMBaJlII'Cb rrIICbMaMH, 11 H cKytIaIO
no Bac. IBO'eBbIe J];eiiCTB'IIH y HaHbKOY ym,e r3aKOH'IIIJIIICb, (II
BbI ,n;06MJIMCb nOqTII nOJIHOH rro6e,n;bI.
T.errepb, KOMaH,n;YH BOH,CKOM "IlIICJIe'HHOCTbIO 'CBbIIDe 110 TbI-
CHq 'IeJIOBeK, B:bI Be)];eTe 160M Me'm)];y illaHb)];YHoM H qmMJIII,
u ,.,
o,n;epmHBaH O .HY 3a APyroM rrooe,n;bI HaJJ; CMJIbHbIM npOTMBHH-
KOM. IB JIeTHHii 13HOii, !B TlpY :bIX ill OlIIaCH:bJ.lX \Y1CJIOBHHX BbI,
OT'palmaH HaTIICK BpaTa, B TeI1IeHHe nec.KOJI:bKHX Heii pa'3-
rpOMHJIH rCTapoe JlOrOBO MHTemHHKOB, COnepmMJIII IBeJIHKIIH
nO)];IBIIr, 'CrraCJIIH RMTaii OT trp03HlQero 'eMY KpH3Mca, ,n;OOH-
JIMCb y,crrexa IB JIIII\JBII aQMII KOMMYHfloCTOB. Ceii'Iac KOMMY-
HHCTbI yme aJIeKO oT6pomeHbI, HO, eCJIH 3TO 3JIO H,e y.IlH1I-
TO}RHTb 'C K1opHeM, 601OCb, 'ITO 'B AaJIbHeHmeM Hac m eT H,e-
MHHyeMaH 6eAa.
Ha)];,eIOCb, 'ITO BbI, PYKOBOP;CTBYHCb rrpHH Hrr'OM H'CKop,e-
HeHMH aJIa, J];OBe,n;eTe ,n;eJlo )];0 'KORQa If CM,eTeTe HX 'C JlH a
3eMJI'H. TOJIbKO Tor a RIfTaii III KMTaii'CKMM ,HapO)]; '06p,eTYT
C'Ia'CTbe.
JIocbIJIalO Co IOii-maHH *, tIT06bI OH rrperrO,IJ;HeC BaM )J;B'e
repe6pHHbIe Ba3bI n qeCTb rro l 6eJ];bI rro)]; HaHbKOY. IIpomy
nplIHHTb lIX. \IIepe,n;aM1'e rrpMBeTbI XaHb-QMHY [qmaH C103-
JIHHY], <I> a H-"lI 311 10 {JIll Q3HH-JIHHIO] M IOHb-maHIO [qy
IOif-rry]» .
lIaBecTMe 0 no6e e qmallI Q3yH-"lIaHa H nOJIYlIMJI paH:bID1e,
lIeM IC006m;IIJIH ra3eTbI, TaK KaK HMeJI CBOIO co6c BeHHYIO
pa3Be,n;KY. M,eHH O'IeHb o6pa,n;oBaJIa rro6e)];a qmaH iQaYH-tIa-
Ha, II H HapeJIJICH, tITO OR O)J;epmMT rrOJlHYIO IIooe,n;y, ROTO-
* Co lOii-maHb 6bIJI IIOJIKOBbIM KOMaH,n;HpOM 6hIBmeH lIMIIepa-
TOpCKOH rBap,n;HII.
240
paH IIOMOmeT ocy ecTBMTb pCCTaBpan;IIIO. OAHaKO 3TOT «CO-
6aqMH reHepaJI» B IIepHO,n; CBOCrO B3JIeTa He il\eJlaJl OTKpO-
neHHO rOBopMTb Ha 3TY TCMY. OH BCIIOMHMJI 0 peCTaBpa MM
JIMmb TorAa, Hor a CTaJI « JIMHHOHOrMM reHepaJIOM».
B 1928 ro y qaH Rall-mM, <D3H lOii-cHH, JIHb CM-maHb II
APyrne 06 HBHJIH 0 CBoeM COTPY HHqCCTBC M IIpe rrpMHHJIH
COBMeCTHoe HaCTYIIJIeHMe Ha CeBep. 060ii H HIIOHCKMe Boii-
CKa, IIOMoraBIllMe qmail Q3YH-'IIaHY B paiiOHe meJIe3HOH
oporH T.HHbD;3MHb - IIYKOY, OHM 3aXBaTMJIH orropHYIO 6a3Y
qmaH Q3YH-qaHa - rrpOBHHD;IIIO llIaHbAYH. BOHCKa qmaH
Q3YH-qaHa 6bIJIM HarOJlOBY pa36MTbI, a caM OH 6emaJI B
III aHbxaiiryaHb. B 3TO BpCMH qman Q30-JIMHb rrorM6 IIPH
B3pbIBe ,60M6bI, nO JIOmCHHOH HIIOHD;aMM, a oro CbIH, MOJIO;n;OII
MapmaJI qmaH CIOJ-JIHH, OTKa3aJI qmaH l(3YH-'IIaHY BO
B'be3 e Ha CCBepo- BOCTOK. BOMcKa qmaH l(3YH-qaHa Haxo-
MJIHCb B THmeJIOM IIOJIOmeHMM B paiioHe JIYTaii - JIaHb-
qmoy, C;n;epmMBaH HaTMCK IIpoTHBnMKa C BYX CTOpOH; KaTa-
cTpo.pa 6bIJIa HeMMHyeMa. B 8TO BpeMH KO MHe IIpM6bIJI
IJ;3MHb qiRO, COBeTHMK qmaH IJ;3YH-QaHa, II IIepCJ(aJl OT Hero
llMCbMO, B KOTOpOM TOT XBaCTaJI, 'liTO B ero pacrrOp.HmeHMM
HMeeTC.H e e MHoro COJI aT, 0PYi;KMH H 'liTO BepHYTb IIeKMH
II THHbD;3MHb He llpe CTaBJIHeT 60JIbmoii TPY HOCTH. OH llM-
caJl Ta'Kme, 'liTO o6yqaeT apMMIO, Ha co epmaHMe KOTOpoii
emeMeC.H'IIHO YXO HT 2500 TbI'CH'II lOaHeii. « PaCC'IIIITbIBa.H Ha
Barny MY POCTb, fl IIOKOpHO IIpomy IIOmaJlOBaTb MHe HeKO-
TOpyIO CYMMY ;n;cHcr, qTo6bI IIpe aHHbIi1: BaM COJI;n;aT 6bIJI
YBepeH B TOM, 'liTO OH MomeT Ha 'tJTO-JIM60 paCC'IIMTbIBaTb».
IJ; ' 3MHb 1Jmo HCCKOJIbI{O paa IIO qepHHYJI, qTO 1JmaH IJ;3YH-
qaH BOT-'BOT o epiKMT TIo6e y II e;n;MHCTBeHHoe, 'tfTO eMY Hym-
HO,- 8TO MOR ;n;eHem'HaH IIOMOID;b. "YaHaB, qTO H OII.HTb Ha-
MepeH TpaTHTb eHbrH, 1J3Hb Bao-m3Hb II Xy CbI-lOaHb Ha-
qaJlH MOHR OTrOBapHBaTb. B KOHD;e KOHD;OB eJIO KOH'IIHJIOCb
TeM, qTO H rrOCJIaJI qmaH IJ;aYH-qaHY JIMmb IIo;n;6a;n;pllBalO:r.qee
IIMCbMO. BCIKOpC 1JmaH IJ;aYH-qaH nOTeprreJI rrOJIHbIH Kpax H
6emaJI B .fIIIOHMIO. 1JeM l;n;aJIbme OH OT MeHR HaXO;n;IIJIC.H, TeM
60JIbme JIIO eii 6bIJIO aaHHTO TeM, TO IIepe aBaJIM MHe ero
rrM'CbMa H coo6ID;eHMH. B IIMCbMax 1JmaH QaYH-qaH, BbIpa-
iRaH Bce 60JIbmylO rrpe;n;aHHocTb D;HHCKOMY ;n;BOpy, 'npOClIJI
Y MeHH ,n;eHer. RpoMe IJ;aMIHb 1Jmo (B rrepMO;n; MaHb'llmoy-ro
OH 6bIJI MOHM aA IOTaHToM), rrMCbMa MHe IIepe aBaJIlI Ce
Q3e-mM, CTaBll1MH: BIIOCJIe CTBHH MMHHCTpOM MHocTpaHHbIx
,n;eJI; BaH IJ;aII-cMH, HaqaJIhHMK ye3;n;a 3qmoy; qmy JIo, Ha-
HaqaJIbHIIR mOJJeaHoii: AoporH TRHb :lMHb - IIYKoy; JIro
241
CHH-e, nJIeMHHHHIK qaHb ,Bao-m3HH; <I>,Jii' IOM-Kail, TIOJIMTII-
KaH aHb'cpycKOM l'py.rrrrHpOBI\1II, H Ha3bIBa l BmHM ,ce6H HallaJIb-
HHKOM ceKpeTapH qmaH Q3YH-QaHa CIOM fyaH-"tJ:m3H. OT
HIIX H nOJIy"tJ:aJI pa3JIH'£fHbIe H3HeCTHH 0 qmaH ,Q3YH-lIaH,e 11
yme He IIOMHIO, CKOJIbKO eHer OHH y MeHH 'B3HJI)H.
II pnBomy 3 elCb Ba fII.II ' C1»Ma ilf3 Tex, 'tITO 6blJIH Tor a
HaIIHcaHbI.
«...IIocJIe Toro KaK H Y3HaJI 0 Bam'eM ll.opameHHH npll
JIaHbx3, H He IIOJIY"tJ:aJl OT Balc OOJIbme HHKaKHX 'H3BeCTMM,
H 3TO MeHH O"tJ:eHb oecrrOKOHT. TpeBora !lIte IIOKI1,D;aeT M'eHH
HB ](HeM, DII HOrqbIO. Bltlea>a 1II0Jl,ly,"tJ:HJI OJ\JIatAHyro 3a[l,HC'KY OT
.JIOCJIa'HHOl'O MHOIO B aJIHHb MMHMCTlpa IIHOCTpaHHbIX }J;eJI
Ce Q3,e-mH, 'H3 KOTOpOM Y3HaJI, "tJ:TO BbI \HaXO HTeCb B JIIOM-
mYHe, a TaKiR,e 0 TOM, lITO BbI ,D;OrOBOpHJlHCb C 6bIBmHM PYC-
CKHM IreHepaJIOM CeMeHOBbIM 60POTb'CH rrpOTHB KpaCHbIX O
nOJIHOM n06e;n;bI. ,aTO cooo eHH'e MeHH OQeHb oo'pa,n;OBaJIO.
IIooe,n;a H nOpaiReHHe Ha BOMHe OObI"tJ:HbIe 1HBJIeHHH. ilpem.n;e
"tJ:,eM BbI Ha"tJ:HeTe (UOBbIe OOH, HymHo xopomo K L£I1HM II'o ro-
TOBHTbCH, HeJIb3H ,;n;eHlcTBoBaTb oIIpOMeTlIH'Bo.
ilOMe,pIiRHlBaH pyr P'YTa, ,BbI c Ce,MeHoBbIM nenpeMeH-
HO ,n;oobeTecb y,crrexoB. B HacTOHrn;ee ,BpeMH BbI HaXO,D;HTe'cb
,B Tlpy.n;HOM IIOJIOmeDIfH, BaM HeOQXo,D;HMa nOMe'pmKa. Ram-
,IJ;bIM pa3, IBCIIOMHHaH 00 3TOM, H IHe Mory HH cna Tb, HH eCTb
Cn{)KOMH'O. Ha,n;eIocb, lITO BbI 6y,n;eTe 6tepe"tJ:b 'c'e6H .n;JIH oJIara
na.m'eM cTpaHbI!.. .H D03JIaraIO Ha Bac caMbIe 60JIbilllfe Ha-
eiKAbI! »
«Bame IIMIIepaTopcKoe BeJrH"tJ:'ecTBo, npHMHTe IIO"tJ:THTeJIb-
HbIM nOKJIOH OT Q3Y;H-"tJ:aHa. B n'pOillJIOM Me,cHQe, 6YfJ;yqH B
TOKBO, H BCTpeTHJI JIIO CHH-e, II OH .B,py"tJ:HJI MHe IIHC M'O
HMIIepa Topa. .H 6bIJI o"tJ:eHb TPOHYT II HeMe,n;JIe,HHo lIlaIIHCaJI
OTHeTHoe IIH'CbMO. I1poilleJI yme J'o,n;, KaK H pa.ccTaJlICH C HM-
rrlepaTopoM. HH H HO"tJ:H -AYMaIO H 0 6eJJ;cTBHIf M'oe o Ha'po,n;a,
o 'cMYTax B HameM 'CTpaHe. Ham tIIMfIe,pa'TOp TaK rreqeTCH 0
cy;n;boax CTpaHbI, TaK JIIOOHT HapO)J;, "tJ:TO JI, KOHeqHO, OJImeH
Bce Trn;aTeJIDlHO CfIJIaHlIpOBaTb, He ,n;orrYCKaH 'HH MaJIeiimeil
ne'OpeiRHOCTII. O,D;HaKO, Kor,n;a -AeJIa'emb OOJIbillOe )J;eJIO, 1I'C-
nbITbIIBaH n'plI 3TOM HHaHCOBbI'e 3ar.DpY)J;H 1 eHHH, Tpy,n;HO ,n;o-
OIlTbCH QeJIH. JIIOooe eJIO HeJI'erKO ocy ecTBHTb CHJIaMH to,D;-
DODO QeJIOBeKa, HO C JlIOObIM ,D;eJIOM MomHO 'CIIpalB'HTbCH, 'e'CJIH
B3HTbCH 3a Hero BceM BMeCTe. ,MMrrepaTOp, KOHe"tJ:HO, x'opomo
nOHHMaeT 3TO. Oc'eHblO rrpOillJIOrO ro,n;a ObIJIa 3aKa3aIIa IIa'p-
TlIlI 0pYJUHH CTOHMOCTblO 2 MHJIJIHOna '100 TbICHQ IoaH'eH. 113
242
aTOM cy MMLI BIla tlaJIe II'OJIaraJlOCh IllhllIJla TI1TL ItOJIOHltHy. H'e-
omH aHHo IJ;eHa HIIOHCKOH HeHbI IIOBbICMJIaCb, 'lI Ha KHTaH-
CKMe JJ;oHLrH 0TO C'OCTaBJIHeT TeIIepb 3 MMJIJIMOHa lOaHeM.
B HaCTOHIJ ee BpeMH B BOeH!HOM OTHOmeHJiIH yme rrpOHe-
eHa IIOJIHaH IIOJ]JrOTOBKa. Borr1poc CTOHT TaK: 'HJIM H,e HatIJiI-
u u
Ha Tb ooeBblX el1)CTBHM, HJIH me, Ha-qaB HX, 'HeIIpeMeHHO O-
6'HTbCH ycrrexa. Bce YIIMpaeTCH TOJIbKO B opymMe, AJIH lIO-
,-
KYIIK'H K'OToporo Tp'eoyeTcH rBeCbMa ItpYIIHaH ICYMMa .n;eJller.
.H JlcII,po6oBaJI Bce cIIoco6bI, no rrOMOm;b, o6em;aHHaH IB aJIb-
H'eHllleM, He y OBJIeTBOpMT Hacym;HYIO IIOTpeOHOCTb. IIocJIe
JIHTeJIhlIbIX pa3MblmJI ' eHJiIH H IIpJiImeJI K 'BbIBO Y, tITO e JiIH-
CTlBeHHblii CIIOCOO - aTO TI'pH6erHYTb 'K ,BarneMY JlMrrepa TOp-
CKO:MY IBeJIHqeCTBY II rrpOC'JiITb Bac CHatIaJIa BbI 'eJIIITb O,AMH
MHJIJIMOH roaHeH.
ECJIH rrOJIyqHTb ,rrOJIHOCTblO aTY CYMMY 'CeMtIaC HeB03-
MOil\H'O, TO XOTH 6bl 300-500 Tbl'CHtI lOaHeH HymHLI, tITo6bl
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254
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256
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258
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p:bIX rrpe)];CTaBIITeJIeH apMH'II, rCOtIYBCTBYIOT MHe H HaMepeHLI
rrOMOtIL pec'TaBpaD;HII. OHH nplICJIaJIH CBoero npe)J;cTaBHTeJlH
QYKy)];a )];JrH JIHtIHbIX lIeperoBopoB co MHOH, Hero CJIe)];yeT
HeMe)];JIeHHO IIpHHHTb. q TO rrpe)];CTaBJIHJI C060H QYKy)];a, H He
3HaIO. B .[(errapTaMeHTe )];BOpa KTO-TO rOBOpIIJI, 1ITO nOCJIe
CHHLxaHCKOM peBOJIIOD;HII ero 1IaCTO BH)];eJIH B pe31I)];eHI(HHX
RHH3eH H OH 6LIJI B xopomHX OTHOllIeHIHHX C 1IJIeHaMlI I1MIIe-
pa TopCKoro )];OMa. JIo qm3HL- IOH y6e)];HJI MeHH, O)];HaRO MHe
Ka3aJIOCL, 1ITO reHepaJILHLIH KOHCYJI )];OJIiI\CH rrplICYTCTBOBaTL
npH HameM pa3rOBope, nOCKOJILKY 011 HBJlHJICH ocPlID;HaJILHLIM
npe)];CTaBIITeJIeM HrrOHHH II MOHM 3am;HTHHKOM. ¥BH)];eB KOH-
cYJIa, QyRy)];a TYT iRe rrOBepHYJlCH H ymeJl, OCTaBHB B 3aMe-
maTeJILCTBe q3HL EaO-ill3HH, qm3H CHO-CIOH H ,n;PyrlIx.
Kor)];a nOTOM qm3H CHO-CIOH )];OHCK'HBaJICH y Hero, RaK OH
OCMeJIIIJlCH 6LITL TaKIIM 6ecD;epeMOHHbIM B rrplICYTCTBHH ItM-
nepaTopa, QYRy)];a OTBeTHJI:
- 3atIeM me BLI HapOtIHO rrplIrJIaCHJlII ROHCYJIa? Pa3 TaR,
rroroBoplIM 06 3TOM B cJIe)];yroID;IIH pa3.
Tellepb H rrOHIIMaIO, tITO )];eHCTBIIH JIo qm3HL-IOH H
aTMoc<pepa CTpaxa, coa,n;aHHaH BLICTpeJlaMH RIICII)];a, HBIIJI1HCL
263
JlJlllIb rrpO OJImeHIIeM eiiCTBMii QYKy a. 11 COBeprneHHO oqe-
nII IIO, aa BceM CTOHJJ HIlOHCI\nii: rnTao.
.fI lLOCJIaJl aa ll:Hlb baO-llI:1JIeM H l[m3H CHO-CIoeM, "lITo6bI
Y3HaTb MX IHCIIJIC. IT m;::)II CHO-ClOii CHa3aJI:
- Ha Moii ll;j'r.,TJH)J;, U a'pMtMH, }I npanMTeJILCTOO .HlllOIlHlI
XOTHT, "lITOObI BaIlIe BeJIIPICCTBO HaXO HJIOCb rro UX 3arn;HTOii
II KOIITpOJICM. M TO, tITO }IeiHAY II IlMH CYlI CCTBYIOT pa3I10rJra-
CIIH, He rrpIPIMHHeT HaM HHKaKoro Bpe a. O HaKO eilcTBMH
JIo l.Jm3Hb-IOH BeCbMa OrrpOl\1CTQHBbT H H xopOllieMY He Ilpn-
BCAYT. EMY HCJlb3H OBepHTb namHbIX CJI.
ql3IIb Bao-mOHL aaMHTMJI:
- M HIlIOHCIHMM lIITa l 6, H Olo eCTBO "tJe'pHoro Apa'I\OHa
eiiCTBYIOT oC30TncTcTBeHHo. He cJIYllIaiiTc HHKoro, 1\pOMC
HrrOHCKoro nOCJIaHHHKa II reHepaJILHOrO KOJIcYJIa!
Mx CJIOBa rrOKa3aJIIICL MHe crrpaBe)J,JfMBbIl\IlI, H H 60JIbrne
HC CTaJI npOCI'ITb Y KOHCYJIbCTBa pa3pCllIeJIIIH Ha BbIe3,); :H3
THHbD;3MHJI. C Tex rrop JI rrOTepJIJI BCJIKMH HHTepec K JIo
lJ iI\3Hb-lOlO. Ha CJIe YIOrn;HH ro OH rrpo aJI cnoii OM B
THHbD;3HHe II nepeexaJI B JIIOHllIYHL.
RaK HH CTpaHHO, lIO C OT'be3 OM JIo l.Im3Hb-IOJI CIIJIeTeH
CTaJIO MeHblIIO. .IJ:ame IKYH IOaHL H QH Q3M-QmYH nepe-
CTaJIH npunOCMTb TpenomHbIe BeCTII. JIUllib MHoro npeMeHIl
CUYCTJI H HaQaJI rrOIIIIMaTL, "IleM 3TO 06'bJICHJIJIOCb.
06 3TOM MHe paCCKa3aJI MOH aHrJIHHCKHH rrepeBO tIHK.
OH npHXO I1JICH IKYH IOaHlO CIBOJIIKOM. ITo 3TOM [[PMrqHHO,
a TarKme 16JIalro a\pH ,CBOMM IAeJIOBLIM ,0BJI3JI,M C rrrepenO.J.!t{MlKaMH
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raHIM3a HIO, f\OTopa'H )J;JIHTeJIbHOe BpeMJI '8HICTIBOBaJIa n IMoeH
pC3Ill)IenD;uII-n «ca y qmaHa». ITo IKpaii,ueii Mepo Tpoe-JIo
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IB TOT eIlb, I\or a JI nCTpetlaJICH C RaTo, OHH 3a epmaJIn
Mocro IIcpenO)J,qHI\a, BbIcrrpallIMBaJIH Y Hcro 0 HarneR 6ece e
II ObIJITI He OBOJIbIIbI, Kor a Y3HaJTII, QTO I\a TO HO rrpOHBlIJI
I OJIiHIIOrO BHIIMaHIIH K Moeii rrpOCboe. 113 JIX pa3rOBopa rrepe-
BO tIHK nOHJIJI, tITO HTO-TO M3 llITa6a BbICKa3bIBaJI JIo lIm3Hb-
1010 II ,u;PyruM COBCCM I1HYIO TOtIKY apeIIlIH, tITO 6bIJIa ymc
OCTMrHYTa orOBopeHHOCTL 0 Moeii IIoe3f];Ke B JIIOHrUYHh.
lITOObI OJIOmHTb 0 'COCTOHBlIIeiicH nCTpctle C RaTo TO MY "tJC-
JIOBeKY H3 lIITa6a, JIo Qm3Hb-IOH II OCTaJIbHbIC rrperrpOBO;J;HJIH
aHrJIIIHCKOro rrepenO tIlIKa B « pe3II eHD;HIO» MUHO (TaK Ha-
3blnaJICJI OCOOH'JIK, 3aHIIMaeMLIH I1X ceKpeTHOH opraHlI3a-
264
QueM). q eJIOBeRa ;)TOrO TaT\ II He nanIJIII, aa TO nepOBO,TJ;1IHT\
06HapymMJI STO CCHpOTIIOO MCCTO. IBnoe.JJP; CTnlll( ORa3aJIOCh,
qTO STO 6bIJI I1pOCTO rrpIITOH.
fl 6bTJI 3HaHO I IC Muno TOMOCCM, MaiiopOM Ma HI10IICJ\oro
IIlTa6a. BMeCTe C pyrIIMn oqHI:U;epalVI:H OH tIaCTO npnXOp;MJI B
«cap; lJ/Rana». Muo Torp;a If n rOJIOBY HO npIIxOJ HJIO, tITO ;)TOT
qeJIOBCK tIepe3 CBOIO «pe3Mp;oHQMIO» YCTaHOBIfJI TaiiHbIo CBR3II
C IIOI\OTOpI>Tl\fIf JIIOP;bMII JI3 Morro OI{pYJI\eIII1JI II AO MO,JlOtleir
;JHaJi 060 BCCM, "rJTO p;eJIaJIOCJ) B Moeii pe3Hp;eH I1II. lIopoa
JRyn IOanH J[ CMY nOJ];OOIILTX 011 l onop;TIJT o MeHn BCO Cl1JICT-
UII, TaR 1.JTO H HeC \OJIbI\O pa3 IIOpbrnaJICR 6C/Ra Tb B JIlOiilIlYlIL.
Y3uaB OT Moero rrepOBO qHHa I\Oe-qTO 0 «pe3Hl-J;CHQHH» MUHo,
H ITOIIHJI, 1.JTO RI10HCI\HM IIlTao nOTOMY TaI\ CTa paJICH IIPlI-
BJIetIb Ha CBOIO cTopony i-RYH IOaHR H p;pyrnx, qTO 60pOJICH
aa MOIIH C I\OIICYJIbCTnOl\L 8Ta fiopb6a, no CJIOnaM "lI/KJII Cno-
CIOJI, 6bIJIa MHe TOJIbRO Ha nOJIb3Y.
11 TO 11\0 I\acaOT'CH OOII eCTBa tIepHOrO p;paI\ona, TO 0 HC I
JI Y3HaJi II03me OT qmsH CRO-CIOR. 8Ta caMaH I\pyunaH HIIOII-
CRaH opraHM3an;MH, 06'bep;HHHBlIIaH JIIOp;oii 6e3 onpOp;CJIOHnbIX
aaHJITUM, nepBOHaqaJIbHO Ha3bIBaJIaCb ACCOQMaQ,ueM tIOpHOrO
OReaHa II 16bIJIa Y'LpOiR)J;eIIa 1.H'lIOIICHIIM 16pOAHQIlM ca lypacM
no HMeHM XHpaOKa KOTapo IIIOCJIe paIIIRo-rr\HTaii-
CROM BOMHbI 1884-1885 rO OB. 8TO 6bIJIa O Ha TI;J caMbIX
pa'HHIIX IIlIIMOHCRI1X opraHH3an;nM, I\OTO paH OCY OCTnJIHJIa
pa3\BelIbIBaTeJIbHbIe n;eM'cTBHH rn RMTae. BHaT{aJIe co OT eJIe-
HUH IIaXO IIJII1Cb B flHbTaM ("lJ.ncpy), <Dyqmoy, llIanxae, rjl;O
OHU CRpbInaJIMCb no,1; BbIBCCROII ROHCYJIbCTB, lTII\OJI, <pOTorpa-
<pMM H T. p;. Ha;JBaUne 06rn;CCTBO qopnoro l paJ\OHa co: cpmaJIO
HaMeR Ha peRY AMYP (pORa tIepHOrO p;paKona) n nORBIIJIOCb
B 1901 ro y. Bo npCMH PYCcI O-JInOIlCKOir noiiIILI :1Ta opraIlJI-
3aQMH HrpaJIa BeCbMa BamHYIO pOJIb. ronopHT, 1.JTO B TO Bpe-
MH OOrn;CCTBO naCqTITbIBa.TTO JIOCI\OJIJ)HO COT ThICHq "rJCJIOBCK
II paCI10JIaraJIO rpOMap;HbIM HaIIHTaJIOM. CaMLIM ]HI I1LI I py-
I\OBop;UTCJIeM oro 6bTJI TORMa MUQYPY, nop; pYI\onO CTBOM:
u I'"
I\OToporo areIITbI npOHIII\JIII no ncc ('JIOIf J\IfTanCI\Oro ooru;e-
CTBa. OHU p;eMCTBOBaJITf rroBcIOJJ:Y - cpr u I rrIlcI\IIx RIIIH3efI II
eanOBHIIROB, rrOl];06UbTX 1lI3JI JOIlIO, a TaI\/RO cpcp;n cJIyr H
nOCeTMTOJIeM «cap;a lJmaHa». "lIm3H Cno-clOit paCCRa3bIBaJI,
t{TO TOHMa IOLIJI IOY; ,AMICTOM, IIOCIH:JI JInHHYIO cnpeopnCTYIO
60pop;y, qTO Y Hero 6bIJIO p;06poe JIUlIO. OH OtIOHb JIIOOUJI
p0;JbI H 'HO XOTeJI paCCTa TbCH CO cnOMM Ca;(OM. II 'faRoii 'ICJro-
BeI\ 3aMbIlIlJIHJI tIYlJ;OBIIIIJ,IIbIe 3arOBopbI 11 opraU1I30BbIBaJI 3JIO-
eiicKIIo yonMcTBa.
265
B TOM, tJTO qJI\3I1 CHO-CIOH: MOr BrrOCJlC CTBHII yGO HTbCH
B CIIJle OO eCTBa "rJCpHOrO paROHa J[ HIlOHCKOM apMlIIf, 6bIJla
60JlblJlaH 3aCJlyra JIo Qm3Hb-IOH. l.In\3H Cno-clOii, JIo q m3Hb-
10M II q3Hb Eao-lli3Hb nplI epmnBaJlJlCb Tpex pa3J1MtIHbIX
TOtJeK 3peuIIH. JIo QiK3Hb-IOM CtIMTaJl, tITO caMbIMH Ha,n;e1iI\-
HLIMM HBJIHIOTCH ooern;aHIIH npe CTaBI1TeJleII HHOHCKoro lliTa5a
II OOrn;CCTBa tJepHoro Jl.paKOHa (011 OnCpHJl CCMeHoHY IIMeH-
HO nOToMY, tITO TOT 6bIJI CnH33II C 3THM 06rn;eCTBOM). Q3Hb
BaO-lliJIIb ,CtJIITaJI, tITO, I\pOMC rCnCpaJIbIIOrO I\OHCYJlbCTna,
npe CTaBJlHIOIl erO HnOHCKOe rrpaBIITCJlbCTBO, pyrJIM HrrOH-
I(aM OBepHTb HeJlb3H. "llmJH CHO-elOii OTKpbITO rrpIIMbIKaJI K
q3Hb EaO-lli3HIO II BbIcTyrraJI npOTJIn JIo l.I,K3Hb-IOH. BHa-
'tIaJle OH TOme HC OBeptIIIBO OTIIOCIIJICH 1\ lliTaoy II 06 eCTBY
qepnoro paROIIa. IIOT() I on JlOCTCnOIIIIO pa3ra aJI XBaCTJIH-
BbIe 3aHBJIeHI1H JIo "llJI\;)Hb-IOH II nO JInIIHYIO CHTeJIbHOCTb
06 eCTIBa tIepHOrO 'ApaT\ona. On rrOIIHJI, 1\aKYIO pOJIb no BceM
3TOM II'rpaeT TOKIIO, 'rrOHHJI HaCTOHrn;ne HaMepeHMH H'110IICRHX
BJIaCTCJI, nOHHJI, HaKOlIc:q, tJTO JTO IIMCHIIO Ta ClIJIa, Ha 1\OTO-
PYIO MomHO orrepeTbCH. IIOJTOMY OH peIllIIJI Bpe leHHO OTJIO-
mIITb CBOH rrJIan YCTaHOBJIeHMH 06 e,[J;HHCIIHOii 3lJ;MII'HIICTpa-
I(IIII n RIITae II crreD;lIaJIbHO OTrrpaBHJICH B HrrOHIIIO, tITOObI
CBH3aTbCH C OOrn;eCTBOM tIepHOrO paKOHa II C HnOHCKIIM
reHepaJIbHbIM mTaOOM.
qm3H CHO-CIOH
IIocJIe CCOpbI C JIo l.I,K3I1b-lOeM "lIiR3H CnO-CIOll yexaJI H3
IIeKIIHa, HO BeCHOH CJIe YIOrn;ero ro a BHonb BepHYJICH KO
MHe. MHorIIe R TO MY npeMeHII CTaJIM OXJIa;I;enaTb K IIeMY II
OTHOCHTbCH C ne;J;OBepIIeM, tIMCJIO ero BparOB pOCJIO, lIO qm3H
CHO-CIOH C Kam bIM HeM Bce 60JIbJIlC 3anOOBbIBaJI Moe pac-
nOJIOmeHIIe. R HeMY TaKi-Ke HenJlOXO OTHOCHJIIICb qJHb Eao-
m3Hb II Xy CbI-lOaHb. IB 1925 rO)J;Y H Ha3IIatJHJI ero rJIaBH:bIM
ynpaBJIHIOrn;IIM BHYTpeHHIIMI1 eJIaMH, a n 1928 rOAY IIOPy-
tIIIJI BeCTII HHOCTpaHHbIe eJIa. Ero 'CbIH qm3H qyi1: Tome
CJIymHJI B OT eJIe no MHOCTpaHHbIM eJIaM II BMeCTe C OT:qOM
6LIJI MOIIM npe CTaBIITeJIeM no nHeIllHMM CHOlIIeIHMHM.
qm3H CHO-ClOll tJarn;e corJIamaJICH CO MHOH, tJe:M l.I )lIb
Eao-m3Hb. OH nOCTOHHHO CnOpMJI C Xy CbI-lOaHeM, HOTOp:bIH
rOBOpHJI OtIeHb CRJIa HO, npJIBO fl MIIO,KeCTBO D;IITaT II npH-
MepOB II3 peBHOCTH, B TO npO:MH HaR lI,KJH CnO-CIOM yrrnpaJI
266
Ha CBOH «3aMOpCKHe» 3'HaHIIR: paCCKa3bIBaJl, Harr,plIMep, tITO
n M TaJIHH n03Ill1R <I>aIllH3M, B HrrOHlI11 11 POBOAHTCH TaKl1e-TO
pecpOpMLI IIJIH KaKYIO On;eHI\Y HbIHeIIIHei1: ClITyaD;HH B RHTae
)];aeT aHrJJIIHCKaH ra30Ta «TaHMC» H T. rr. 8Toro Xy CbI-lOaHL
HO 3HaJi. q3Hb Bao-m3HH H ,CqlITaJI caMbIM rrpe)];aHHbIM MHe
tIeJlOBeKOM, HO, KOr)];a petIb 3aXO)];HJIa 0 IIJIa'HaX Ha. oy,n;y ee,
OH CHJIbHO YCTyrraJI qm3H CRO-CIOIO, I\OTOpbIH ObIJI rrOJIOH
3HTY3Ha3Ma H 3HeprIIH H B TO me BpeMH CJIbIJI tIYBCTBHTeJIb-
HLIM lIeJIOBeKOM. O)J;Ham)];bI MbI CJIytIaMIIO pa3ronopHJrIICL 0
MoeH 6y)];ym;eM « IIMrrepUII».
TeppHTopHH H HaCeJleI-IHe HMrrepHH HaMHoro YBCJIH-
qaT'CJI [10 ,c,palBHeHHIO C iIIpemHHMH ,n;HHaCTII MiH,- rOBOpHJI
LIm3H CHO-CIOH.- CTOJlH 6y,n;OT Tpn: O, Ha B IIeKHHe, )];py-
raH B HaHRMHe, a TpeTLH Ha IIaMHpe...
qm3H CllO-ClOll H JIo qm31lb-IOM 6bIJlII aKTUBHbIMII rr060p-
HH'KaMH peCTa pan;HH, HO npe JIOmeHHH nepBOTO rI'pIIXOI,I(H-
JI'JI'Cb MHe 60Jlb r me [10 YIIIe, XOTH OH To e 'KaiRtJ];LIH pa'3 B03-
pamaJI rrpOTH Mooro BbIe3,n;H B HrrOHlI1O II rrepee3,n;a B JIIOH-
IIIYHb H ,[(aJIHHL.
IB TetIeHlIe Bcex ceMH JleT LIm3n CHO-CIOH ODIJI rrpOT'HB
Mooro OT'b03,n;a 113 THHbD;311HH. .[(ame rrOCJIe COObITHH 18 ceH-
THOpH, Kor,n;a JIo qjR3Hb-lOll rrpHIIIOJI KO MHe C rrJIaHaMH
RBaHTYHcROH apMllIl, qm3H CHO-CIOH He 0)];06PHJI Moero Ha-
MepeHHH yexa Tb. OTO 06 HCIIHJIOCb He TOJIbRO TeM, tITO 011 B
KaROH-TO CTerreIIII rrpOTMBorrOCTaBJIHJI ce6H JIo qm3Hb-IOJO.
IIpHtJHHa 6bIJIa DOJIee cYII ecTneHHoM: LJ ,H3I1 Cno-clOM: lIe CtJU-
TaJi HrroHHIO MoeH e,n;lIHcTneHIIOll: orropoii, 011 ObIJI 3a 06ru;ee
yrrpanJleIIUe BeJIUKHX )];epmaB.
ECJIH rrpOaHaJIII3IIpOna Tb IICTOpl11O ll3aHMooTHOlliCHIIll
qm3H CHO-CIOH II JIo qiH3Hb-IOH C HrroHn;aMu, OHa oy)];eT BLI-
rJIH)J;eTb rrpHMcpno C JIo,n;YIOIQliIM 06pa30M: qm3H CHO-CIOH
3aHHMaJI )];OJImHOCTJ) CeI\peTapH KHTallCRoro nOCOJIbCTna B
.RrroIlIIII B 1891 rOf Y' a JIo qm3Hb-IOM HatIaJI rrpo,n;aBaTb
aHTlIKBapHbIe Beru;H II lI3)];aBaTb IIIaHxaMcKYIO ra3eTY «HYH
6ao», r,n;e rr03HaI{0l\1IIJTCH C Hrronn;eM <DY)];3MTa, Ha rrHTb JleT
rr03me, B 1896 rOAY. IIoCJIO 3HaROMCTna C HrrOHn;aMH JIo
Qm:1Hb-IOH, KpOMe HHX, HHRoro OOJIbIIIe He BHl1,CJI, a rrOCJIe
CIIHbxaMCKOH ,pOBOJIIOD;JIII Bce HaAeiI{,n;LI Ha peCTaBpan;MIO B03-
JIOmlIJI Ha HrrOIID;eB. A Q,K3H CHO-ClOii YBH,1];eJI B .RrroHHlI BC-
JIHRYIO )];epmaBY H C TOX rrop CTaJi CtIlITa Tb, tITO KHTaii LI
HHtIerO He YMeIOT, rr03TOMY B n;eJIHX pa3BHTHH CTpaHLI II
YtIpem,n;eHIIH ToprOBbIX CPUPM CJIO)];yeT npHrJlaCIITb BeJlHKHC
AepmaBbI. OH rrOIIIOJl AaJlbIIIe, tIeM QmaH QmH- )];YH CO CBoew
267
TeopHeii « IfCnOJIb30naHIIH HJlTaiicHOM <pOpMbT II 3arraAHoro
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TeXII.HHa H HanUTaJIOBJIOiROIIIIH, 110 11 IIIIOCTpaII1ILIC l.IIIIlOBiIH-
RH. ,[(ame OX pany JIMrrepa TopCRoro ,IJ;OMa .n;OJImIIbI ObIJIII, no
ero MIIOIlHIO, OOY1.Ia Tb IIIIOCT,paIIIILIO CIIC lIaJIIICTbI. MnatIO n
J\I1TaO B01IIlO GYJJ;CT I apHTJ> xaoc, a rrOJIeaHbIe MCRorraeMble
TaI\ 'II OCTanYTCH JIOrl\a Tb n nC,IJ;pax 3CMJIII. IIOCJIO CUHbxaii-
CRofl peBOJIIOQMII OIl CqIITaJI, qTO rrpH peCTaBpaQHII ne oooii-
THCb oca lIOMOll II' BCJIIfI\HX ,IJ;cpman. J\OHRPOTHYIO IIOMOIU;b,
lIO cro IHCHIIIO, ,IJ;OJlrHHO ObIJIO ORa3bIBaTb OOIIJ;ce yupanJIeHIIC.
B IIIUlIH 1927 IroJ a n RIl'OIICKOii raaCTC «TnHL anlIh HU-
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I\O}I «AnrJIIIqanC IIpCf],JIaralOT conMCCTIIOC ynpaBJIOIIIIC Ru-
TaCM» .
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JIoii, CHTyaU.HH n !{UTae C I\ail\,IJ;LI f tJ.HCM CTanOBJlTCH nee
CJIOrRIIee II 3arrYTallnce.
MnOCTpaHHbIC oooapOnaTPJIH, lIaXO;J;HIJ UCCH B RUTac II
rrpnCTaJIbHO naOJIIO;1alOIIJ;He 3a nceM npOMCXO,IJ;JIIIJ;IIM, CqlI-
ralOT, 1:ITO IIOITaiic'ROMY napo,.n;y iIIoTpe6yeTcH 'CpaBJIHTeJILHO
,rJ;JIHTeJIbHOe BpeMH, "rJT06bI 1130aBIITbcn OT BHYTPCHIIIIX HC-
ypH,IJ;IIQ. PCIIIJITL RHTaiicI\JIii Bonpoc nYTCM BOCIIHoro JIJIJI
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269
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270
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271
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rrpe6LIBaHHH 'B HnOH,HH IC CYA3YKH, ,MHHaMH II JIH aMH H3
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205
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PyqeH 6e C BHHMH, KOTopbIe TeprrHT Ham Hapo . Ceiiqac
MbI HarrpaBJIHeM Hamero yqlfTeJIH TOHMa B JIrroHHIO, 'C TeM
qT06bI OB HaHec BJI3'HT MHHHCTPy cyxorrYTHbIx 'BOHCK reHe-
paJIY apMHH M'HHaMH H Irrepe,n;aJI eMY Hamn HaMepeHHH. MbI
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II OT,r(a Tb nJIaCTb In PYKH xaHbIJ;eB. 06craHOBKa c KamJ];bIM
HeM YXY,r(maeTCH, ITO He 'COOTBeTcTByeT }I\eJIaHIIHM Hamero
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CTOqHYIO A3IJIO, a aTO MomeT 6bITb ,r(OCTll:rHYTO JIHmb nYTeM .
COI03a Mem,n;y RHTaeM '11 JIrroH,HeH. ECJIH He rrpeO,r(OJIeTb Bce
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xapa npHeXaJI B THHbIJ;3HHb, TaHHO 'conem;aJICH co illTa60M
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,n;eHb :HMnepaTOp C006m;HJI 060 IBceM KOH'CYJIbCTBY. HOqbIO Y
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Horo TpHoYHaJIa AOHxapa paHbme 6bIJI rrOJIKOBHHKOM neXOT-
HbIX BOllCK HIIOHCKOH apMHH. 3aTeM, B arrpeJIe 1941 ro a, OH
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18 JIeT npomlIJI B ,KHTae. B BoeHHOM MHHHCTepCTBe ero C1IH-
296
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CT,Ba .ffrroHIfIl pa3paoa'TblBaJIa arpeCCHBHYIO IIOJIHTHKY, Ha-
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rOTaBJIHBaBIDHMH 'II OCYlQeCTBJIHBIDJIMH HIIOHCKoe rocrrOACT-
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BaHHH ar.peCCHH IIpOT'KB Bcex CTpaH, C K'OTOp:bIMH .ffrroHHH
BOeBaJIa B rreplIof( 1941- ' 1945 rO',I(OB, HCKJIIOtJaH <DpaHQIIIO».
(1I3 «IIplIroBopa Mem YHapo Horo BoeHHO O TpHoYHaJia J(JIH
,I(aJIhHerO BOCTOKa».)
1I3 J(Ba,I(Qa rn IIHTH ,BoeHHLlX IIpeCTYIIHHKOB, ocym.n;eHHhIX
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JIeHlIe rrpOTHB 1JeJIO'Be'tJHOCTH. Mem)!;YHapoJ(H:bIH J(aJIbHeBO-
'CTOtJHbIM IBOeHH:bIM TlplIoYHaJI 'BLIHec rrplIrOBOp 3TOM rpY1rrrre
BOeHH:bIX rrpecTyrrImKOB JI1iIIDb B HOHope 1948 rOf(a. ,I(o'Hxa-
pa, II TaraKH H elQe IIHTL IBoeHHLlX rrpecTyrrH'HKOB O:bIJIH rrp;JI-
rOBopeHLI K nOBeIDeHHIO.
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ROTOp:bIe C eJIaJIH KapLepy Ha arpeCCIIH rrpOTHB RHTaH.
OKOH1JIIR ,CTpeJIROBOe ,OTJ(eJIeH'He BoeHHoro Y1J'IiIJIHlQa ;Ii[ BoeH-
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ObIJI KOMaHJ(RpOM 113-ro CTpeJI OBOrO rrOJIKa. Brre,pBI>Ie OR
npHeXaJI B ,KHTaii B 1913 roAY II CJIymlIJi B RnaHTYHcKOii
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297
Y HerO c tJmaH J 30-JfHHCM. B 1924 ro y, 'Kor a HatJaJIaCL
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apMHIO nOM:oraTb tJj-I\an 1(i10-JrnHJO. ,O)];HaKO B 1928 rOJJ:Y,
KOr)];C1 R,BaHTYHcKaH apMHfI penrnJIa y6paTT) tJmaH l(aO-JIHHH,
,I(O'JIxalpa Tome InpJIIIlIMaJI YIJaCT'He B aarOBope. BCKope OB
6LIJI npoH3Be eH ]J paHr nOJIKOBH'IIKa H HaaHatJ,eH HatJaJIbHH-
ROM: 'pa3Be RH B maH:bHHe. C 3Toro MOMeHTa HatJHHaeT'CH
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HaKO MHorHe ilI3 ero 1«xY Oil\eCTIB» He ObIJIJiI Ha3BaHLI B IIPII-
rOBope. TalK, Harrpl1JMep, THHb i1IIHbCKJIe COObITlIfI B HOH6pe
1931 1'o)];a, .HaqaJIO 'BOHHbI B rrpOBHHD;IIH iKaxa B 1932 I'O Y,
cp:JHTaHcKMe COOLIT'HH B Mac 1935 ro a, C03JJ:aHHe MapHOHe-
TOtJHOM npoHnoHcKoH OpraHJIaan;IIJiI B BOCTOtJHOM Xao3e,
HOH6,pJ>CI\MM 6YHT 60CH KHX aJICMeHTOB IB CHHxa...- 'Bce 3TO
6LIJIO He,paapbIBHO CJBHaaHO C .n;eHTeJIbHOCTLIO oJlxapa.
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RY. TaR H3:lJ>TRaeMbTH A !\fImHCTpaTrrBHbTH COBeT CeBepo-Boc-
TORa BHonJ> ua"tJaJI CBOro ,n;eHTCJJbHOCTb 18 eBpaJJH. PyKOBO-
JIHTeJIHMII 3Toro COB eTa CTaJIJI RarrUTYJJHpOnaBIDrrH tImaH
JlaIIH-xY3H, O'bTBIJIHM Ha aJIhHHI\ ocoooro XapOHHCRoro paiio-
Ha, npe Ce aTeJIb rrpOBHHITHH JIHOHMH (R TOMY BpeMeHH
(I)::)HTHHhCl\afI rrpOBHHn:HH) UaaR nTH-II, llpe CTanHTeJlJ> X3H-
.rrYHn:3HHCI\oii rrpOBHHD;HH Ma tJmaHL-maHh II TOJlbl\O tJTO
npH3HaHH:bTH HOB:bIM JIe1JOM 3Toro ROMHTeTa npe,n;ce,T(a TeJIJ>
318
np01BHH H rllpHH CII CH. npe CeAaTeJIeM KO:MI1TeTa 6LI.11
qmaH 1(3HH-XY3H. 19 cPenpaJIH 3TOT qJIeH KO IIITeTa no yKa3-
He l'ITaraKH II'pMHHJI pemeHHe 0 C03f(aHHlI pecrry6JIHKH, a 3a-
TeM ony6JIHKOBaJI « eRJIapa:U;HIO He3aBHCHMOCTM».
Coo6 eHHe 06 3TOM HanyraJIO 11 B03MYTHJIO He TOJIbKO
qm3H CHO-CIOH H qm3H qYH, HO 11 Bcex OCTaJIbHLIX HaXOf(HB-
mHXCH PHAOM co MHOH JIIOAeii, B TOM lIHCJIe II JIo qm3Hb-IOH.
B TO B'peMH H He YMaJI 0 TOM, CKOJILKO HJ6JIO Hapopy Ha
CeBepo-BocToKe JI KaKHM cnoc06oM HIIOH LI CTaHYT ocy ecT-
BJlHTL cnoe rocnOACTBO B 3TOM KOJIOHIfH. MeHH TaKrKe He HH-
TepeCOBaJlO, CKOJILKO OHB HanpaBHT COJIAaT II KaKue nOJIe3-
HLIe HCKonaeMLIe 6Yf(YT )J;o6LIBaTL. BamHee Bcero )J;JIH MeHH
6LIJla peCTalBpa IIH II npH3HaHHe lIMnepaTopOM. Pa3Be He f(JIH
aToro npH6LIJI H CIOAa 60JIee lIeM 3a TLICHqy JIll? BOCLMlIf(e-
CHTHJIeTHHH qaHL Bao-maHL, rrpHexaBIllHH Ha CKJIOHe CBOHX
neT B JIIOiimYHL, MHoro pa3 nOBTOpHJI MHe:
- He BOCCTaHOBHB HaCJIe CTBeHHLIM HMnepaTOpC'KUH
TpOH, paaBe MomHO He lIYBCTBOBaTb ce6H BHHOBaTLIM rrepeA
,n:ymaMIi n,p,e)J;IKOB?
BceM cepA eM B03HeHaBH eJI H gOHxapa B l'ITaraKII.
B TOT eHL H, CJlOiBHO CYMaCmef(mHH, 6pOCHB KHHry «HCKYC-
CTBO npeABH eTL 6y y ee» Ha KOBep, MeTaJICH no rOCTIfHOH
6LIBmero BeJfHKOrO KHH3H Cy II KYPHJI OAHY nanHpocy 3a APY-
rOB. H BCnOMHHJI TIIXHii caA H Bf(pyr IIOP;YMaJI, qTO eCJIII He
cTany HMnepaTopOM, TO JIyqme r6LI MHe npOCTO mHTb cno-
ROBHOH iRH3HLIO lIeJIOBeKa, YCTpaHHBmerOCH OT p;eJI. IIpoAaB
lIaCTL ,n;paro enHOCTeii H KapTHH, H Mor 6LI BLIexaTL aa rpa-
HH Y II iKHTL TaM B CBoe YAOBOJILCTBHe.
H pemHJI BLICKaaaTb aTIi BHe3anHO npIfmeAmHe B rOJIOBY
MLICJlH KOMaH,AOBaHHIO KBaHTYHCKOM apMHH H, eCJIII OHO He
nOMepiRHT MeHH, cpa3Y me B03BpaTHTLCH B THHL 3HHL. JIo
qiRaHL-IOH B: qmaH CHO-CIOll:, C KOTOpLIMH H nOAeJIHJICH CBO-
JIM llJIaHOM, He HMeJIlI lHRT1Ie l rO npOTH'B. JIo aHL-IOH nOCOBe..
TOBaJI MHe CHarqaJIa nOCJIaTL HeMHoro nOAap'KOB MTaraKH.
H BLI6paJI HeCKOJILKO ,n;paro eHHOCTeH, KOTopLIe npHBe3 H3
T.fmIL 3mIH, H nOnpOCIfJI JIo tJiK3HL-IOH ne'peCJIaTb HX IITara-
KD:. RaK pa3 B aTO BpeMH M TaraKH n03BOHHJI qiK3H CHO-CIOIO
H nplIrJIaCHJI ero Ha COBem;aHHe. Tor,n;a H nOnpOCHJI q3HL
QaaH-moy aaIIlIcaTL MOil ,n;OBOALI, 06':bHCHHIOID;He HeooxOAH-
M:OCTL BOCCTaHOBJIeHHH HaCJIeACTBeHHOH HMIIepaTopC'KOii BJIaC-
TH, II BPyqHJI HX qm3H CHO-CIOIO If JIo qm3HL-IOIO, qTo6LI
ORB: nepeAaJlII HX MTaraKH. H BeJIeJI JIM pemHTeJILHO II qeTKO
06':bHCHHTL MOH HaMepeHIDl, HaJIOmeHHLIe B BeHa aTB
319
nYH'I\TaX (I10CJIe H1fe rqeTbIpe IIIYHl\Ta .u:OOaBHJI q3Hb Q33U.
may) :
«1. MbI He MOil\eM OTKa3aTbCH OT HaCJIe,n;CTBeHHOH HMIIe.-
paTopCKoii BJiaCTH H3 YBameHHH K nHTHTLICHlIeJIeTHHM MO-
paJILHLIM YCTOHM IBOCTOlIHOM A3HH.
2. IIo,n;,n;epIKHBaH BLICOKYIO HpaBCTBeHHOCTL, npemAe Bce-
ro He06xoAH'MO nO,t(YMaTL 06 OCHOBax B3aJiIMOOTHOIIIeHHH Mem-
l1,Y JIIOl1,LMH, a ,t(JIH 3Toro He0'6xol1,HMa HaCJIe,n;CTBeHHaH HMne.
paTopCKaH BJIaCTb.
3. IIpH ynpaBJIeHHH rocy,n;apCTBOM He06xo,n;HMO, tITOOId
HapOl1, 6LIJI nOJIOH BepLI 11 yBameHHH, a J(JIH aToro He06xo H-
Ma HaCJIeACTBeHHaH IIMIIepaTopCKaH BJiaCTL.
4. KIITaH H .fIrroHHH HBJIHIOTCH l1,pymecTBeHHbIMH 6paT-
CKHMH AepmaBaMH. ECJIH MLI XOTHM mHTb B MHpe H lJ,06I1TL-
CH o6m;eii CJIaBLI, TO ,t(OJImHLI YBama Tb npOlIHO OJIOiKHBmHeCH
HpaBCTBeHHLIe YCTOII, C TeM lIT06LI HapO,t(LI HamHX CTpaH BOC-
nHTLIBaJIHCL B xe paBHOIIpaBHH, a l1,JIH aToro Heo6xOAHMa
naCJIel1,CTBeHHaH 1IMrrepa TopCKaH BJIaCTL.
5. KIITaii yme 60JIee 20 JIeT TepIIHT Bpel1" npHlIHHHeMLIH
eMY lJ,eMOKpa THlIeCI\OH CIICTeMOH npaBJIeHHH. 3a HCKJII01Ie-
HHeM HHlIT01RHOH KYlIKH 3rOIfCTOB, orpOMHoe OOJILmHHCmo
HapOlJ,a neHaBHlJ,HT pecrry6JIIIKY II nOJIHO JII06BH K HameH lJ,H-
HaCTIm, n03ToMy H.e0'6XO HMa Ha'CJI8J(CT!BeHHaH HMrrepaTOp-
c aH BJIa'CTL.
6. MaHLlImYPLI H MOHrOJIId H3l1,aBHa npHBLIKJIH coxpaHHTL
CBOH 06LPIa:u, 11, lITo6LI lJ,06HTLCH HX lJ,OBepHH II YBameHHH,
He06xoAHMa HaCJIe1(CTBeHHaH IIMnepaTopCKaH BJIaCTb.
7. Pecny6JIHKaHCKaH CHCTeMa C Kam,n;bIM ,D;HeM npHXOlJ,HT
Bce B 60JILmHH yrraAoK, I 3TOMY HYiRHO ,IJ;06aBHTL pacTym;yIO
C Kam1(LIM ,IJ;HeM 6e3pa6oTIIIQT - Bce 3TO rrpHlIHHHeT H.nOHcKoi"I
HMnepHH orpOMHLIe TpeBorH; eCJIII KIITaH lJ,06LeTCH IBOCCTa-
HOBJIeHHH HMnepaTopcKoH CIICTe1\1bI npaBJIeHIIH, TO aTO 6Y1(eT
orpOMHbIM 6JIarOAeHHHeM AJIH namHX HapOAOB KaR B YMCT-
BeHHOM, TaR H n MOpaJILHOM OTHomeHHHX, a ,t(JIH 3Toro He-
06xo,n;IIMa HaCJIOACTBeHHaH HMrrepaTopCKaH BJIaCTL.
8. IBeJIHKaH MHaCTHH QHH oym;eCT1BOnaJia B KHTae 00-
JIee 200 JIeT, AO aToro OHa 60JIee 100 JIeT npaBHJIa B MaHblI-
iKypHH; n eJIHX coxpaHeHHH 06LIlIaeB Hap01(a, ycnoKoeHHH
JIIOlJ,CKHX cepAen;, YMHpOTBopeHHH Hamen 3eMJIH, coxpaHeHHH
)UTxa IKHTeJIeii IBocToKa, BOCCTaHOBJIeHHH HMnepaTopcKoH
BJiaCTH, YRpeIIJIeHHH HMIIepaTopCKHX Tpa):\H HH KaK Barneii,
TaR H HameH CTpaHId HeOOXO):\HMa HaCJIel1,CTBeHHaH HMnepa-
TopCKaH BJIaCTL.
320
9. PacQBeT Barnell CTpaHbl rrpnXOAHTCH na n;apcrBoBaIllle
UMIIepaTopa MJHA3M. Ero HaCraBJIeHHH II YI\a3bI, oopam;eu-
Hble I HapOAY, HanpaBJIeHLI Ha B'OCnHTaHHO Y lIapo a HpaB-
CTBeHHOCTH II npeAaHHOCTH. MMrrepaTop M3H,D;3H CTOHJI 3a TO,
qTOObI B HaYI\e HcnOJIb30BaJIHCb OCTH}HeHHH Enponbl H AMe-
pHKH, a B KalIeCTBe peaJIbHblX YCToeB 6paJI 3a 06pa J 3en; ROH-
<PY HH H M'3H 3bl; OH cOXpaHHJI \l\Yx J];,peBHeHmHX npeMeH,
apHBmHii Ha BocToKe, tITOObl H36emaTb TJIeTBOpHoro BJIIIH-
HHH eBponeHCKHx nopoKOB; n03ToMY OH AO'OHJICH Toro, 1ITO
BeCL Hapo,n; nOJII06HJI n CTaJI YBamaTb CBnHX HaCTaBHHKOB M
cTapmHx, KOTOpblX OHH oxpaHHIOT Ka'K 3eHHQY OKHa. Bce 3TO
3aCJIymMBaeT orpOMHoro YBameHHH. qToObl CJIeAOBaTb no ny-
TII HMnepaTopa M3HA3H, He06xoAMMa HaCJIe,n;CTBeHHaH HMTIe-
paTopCKaH BJIaCTL.
10. Bce MOHrOJIbCKHe KHH3bH HaCJIe YIOT CTapble THTYJIbI.
IIpH BBe,n;eHHH me pecny6JIHKaHCKoH CHCTeMbl HX THTYJIJ>I
npH,n;eTCH OTMeHHTb, tITO BLf30BeT cpe,n;H HHX 6pomeHHe, H He
OYAeT HHKaKOH B03MomHOCTH ynpa'BJIHTb HMM. II03TOMY HeJIb-
3H OOOHTHCL 6e3 HaCJIeACTiBeHHOH HMnepaTopCKOH BJIaCTH.
11. IBame rOCYAapCTBO OKa3blBaeT no ,n;epmKy H nOMOn.t;b
TpeM CeBepo- BOCTotIHblM npOBHHQHHM, OHO 3a60THTCH 0
CtIaCTbe TpHAQaTHMHJIJIMOHHOro Hapo a, tITO 3aCJIymHBaeT
OJiarOAapHOCTH H YBameHHH. Mbl XOTlIM JIHmb, tIT06bl IBame
BHHMaHHe pacnpOCTpaHHJIOCb He TOJIbKO Ha HaCeJIeHHe Tpex
CeBepo-BocTotJHblX npoBHH HH; HarnHl\1 HCKpeHHMM meJIa.
HHeM HBJIHeTCH, 1IT06bl BLI MCIIOJIb30BaJiH CeBepo- BOCT01lHble
IIpOBHH HH Ka'K OCHOBY K 3aBoeBaHHIO cep e Hapo a BceM
HameH CTpaHbl H TeM caMLIM crraceHIIlO ero OT 6e,n;cTBHH H JIM-
meHHH. q TO me KacaeTCH oo:m;eH CY b'6bl, 06:m;ero paC BeTa
BOCT01lHOH A3HH, TO C 3THM nOJIHOCTblO CBH3aHbI HHTepeCbl
,D;eBflHOCTOMHJIJIHOHHOro Hapo,n;a BameM IIMIIepHII. Y Hac He
MomeT 6blTL pa3JIlPIHH H B <POp Max npaBJIeHHH. IB eJIHX pa3-
BHTHH 06eHX CTpaH He06xo HMa HaCJIe CTBeHHaH HMrrepaTOp-
CKaH BJIaCTb.
12. IIocJIe C06LITHH rOJ(a CHHI>XaH, KOJ' a H ry aJIHJICH OT
BJIaCTH H CTaJi mHTb cpe H Hapo,n;a, npornJIO yme ,n;Ba,n; aTb
J1eT. .fI eOBepmeHHO He AYMaIO 0 JIHlIHOM n01leTe H YBameHHM,
Bee MOH IIOMblCJIbI HarrpaBJIeHbl Ha cnaceHHe Ha po a. ECJIH
IIOHBHTCH KTO-TO, KTO B03bMeT Ha ce6H 3TY MHCCHIO H cnpa-
Be,n;JInBbIM nYTeM H3MeHHT Harny HeC1IaCTHYIO cy,n;b6y, H, KaK
rrpocTOH tIeJIOBeK, BJ>lpa}KaIO Ha 3TO CBoe nOJIHOe meJIaHHe H
eOfJIaeMe. ECJIH il\e MHe caMoMY IIpn,n;eTcH B3HTbCJI 3a oCY-
eeTBJIeHHe 3TOM MHCCIIH, TO yme HeB03MOil\HO oy,n;eT BOC-
11 Uy U
321
nOJIIIJITl> ypOJI, na nCCCJlIIJ)Tii na"n;a TIJ,rrCTIITIM pCCrrYOJlIfI\an-
CI n f rrpaB.nCJIIJC J. EC:11I 11 HC HO:JY1JY 3aI\OlIIIoro 3llaIIlIH II I-
lIopaTopa, TO q,al\Tll'QeC'HU ne C}10ry nOJIb30BaTbCH npanOM
paCUTopHmaThCH .TfIOAbMJI II IJlO:)TO fY HC3aBJ1CIfMOC roc'YAapCT-
130 lIO 6y l eT COJ; aHO. 0).1.'1111 THTY,I Ot\J peaJlhllOM B HleTlI BbI-
30BeT JIIIIJ1b )IHOn"eCTBO 3a TPY IIOHIIii, He OI\ameT IIIJ'H3I\oii
JTOMO ,M napo;J;'Y II JIHIIJ1J> yneJIJPIIIT ero CTpa aHIIH, 1.ITO CO-
nepmOIIIIO paCXOl IJTCH C MOI1MJI IJ3MCpClJIJHMIJ. Tor; a M()H
'13l1l1a orn;c (>oJIeo YCYDYOUTCH, C "tJe)f H HII n HOe)! CJIYLJ:ao HO
Mory CJO!fJHlCHThCH. Ba; I aTh .HOT, B TC1.IClII1C 'HOTOpLIX H HC
lnaXO IIJI'CH ,y ,BJIaCTII, [llpepBaJIII :MOIf CBH3M C 06 eeTBO)I, II
eCJlM B O IIn rrpeI{paCHl>Iii }J;eIIh .n CHona Ha"tJny 'yrrpanJIHTb
u
crpaHOII H HapOf];O)[, TO lle)I ObI H IHI CTaJI - rrpe3II,I);eHTOM HJlJI
I1 rrepaTOpO)I,- H OYAY I CJIII'I\OM II TIOJInOCTbIO 'YAOBJIeTBopen.
Bee MOIl naMe.peHIIH HarrpaBJIOHbI JIII.IJ1b Ha 6JIa ' ro lIIa'pO;I;a, IIa
IOJIalrO CTpaIIbJ, Ha O TJaro HalIIIIX ooeH,X AepmaB, Ha /OJIaro 00-
m;e,ro nOJIOmeHHH B BOCTOtIHOii A3IIH. B 3TOM HOT IIIII\aJ\HX
3fOHCTIPICCiJ\HX, II\OpLICTHl>IX lIIITepeCOB, 'no3ToMry IIe05xo II:\1a
IIaCJIe CTBe,HHaH HMlIIepaTOpCHaH BJIaCT:b».
"lIiR3II CHO-CIOfr rrOIIHMaJI, "tJTO rroe3 Ha B llISHl>HH IIa co-
Beru;aHI1e c II TaraI\H CblrpaCT OOJIbIlIYro pO.nb B ero CY b{)C,
II60 rrepe TCM, Ra'K RBaHTyncRaH ap IMH "tJepe3 AJJ;MHHHcTpa-
THBHbIfI COBeT Cenepo- BOCTOHa pemIlT Borrpoc 0 rOCYf];apCT-
BeHHOM CTpoe, .n;OJImno ObIJrO COCTOHTbCH Ha3IIaQCHMe Ha Bam-
lIeiimMe rOCYAapCTBOIIHbIe OJImIIOCTJI. rrOJTO IY rrepe;J; OT1>e;J-
QiM qiI\SH CHO-Croll Bl>IpamaJI MIle CBoe rrOJIHOe rrO tJIIHCIInc,
CTpeMHCl> He B030Y IITl> Y MelIH HO;:J;03peIIIIH. I\OrAa me, OC-
TIIrHYB cBoeii eJIII, OH BepnYJICH II3 IIl;)I1LflIIa, rrOBCJ];cn110
ero H:3MeIIMJIOCl>. OH yoomf];aJI ICIIH lIe BCTyrraTh B crropbI C
RBaHTYHCI\OM apMMeii, rrpHHHTb pccrry6JIMHaIIcI\YIO CMCTOMY II
B3HTl> na coon 06JI3aHHOCTII 13epXOBHoro rrpaBHTeJIH.
- RaRoro npaBMTCJIH? ELITJ> rrpanl1TC.Tre I pecrrYOJrn-
Kif? - HOCRJIIIRHYJI fl.
- 8TO YiI\e pCIITono. .fI I1COJ HOI\pa THO CTTOpJIJI C nOCnIlJ)I-
MH, no Oe3pe:lYJIl>TaTIJO. BOCHIILIO CtIMT3IOT, "(ITO npaBIITOJIJ) -
3TO M CCTI) rJJ3Ba...
JJ rrOBepnYJICH R JIo lIn ;HIL-IOIO IT CrrpoeHJT, B 110M ; C"ryo.
JIo qjJ :1IIL-roiI OTnOTI1JI:
- H TOJIbRO OJ];IIH pa3 nCTpCTIIJTCH C H Tar3I\IL 060 nCC:\f
orOBapMBaJICH C IIH)I l-I(I\JH f:no-crorI.
B AaJlbHeHIJ1eM OT q3Hb U;33H-ITIOy H Y:lIIaJI, tITO lJ}J\3I1
CHo-croii a}Re He rrcpo aJI H TaraI H COCTaBJIeIIHbIe MHOM f];Be-
Ha u;aTb rrYHRTOB 0 HaCJIe CTBCIIITOii H Inop3TOpCHOr[ BJIaCTII.
;j22
11 I TOMY i-HC c e aaUepHJl pro: «I1MllepaTopa H Gcpy I1a ee-
Ofl. MMIIcpaTOp RaR JIIICT 6cJIo i 6Y farlf. Ballin BOCllIILIC MO-
rYT Ha 3TOM JIMCTe pHCOBaTb Bce, tITO aaXOTRT». IB TO npCMR
n lIe 3HaJI 3Toro II Y IaJI, tITO OHII He Y 1eIOT BCCTII eJIa II
RIIOII LI 06MaHbIBaIOT IIX.
- BbI Bce HlI Ha "lITO ne rOl I1TCCb! - :1aI\pnqaJI fl. - ITo-
tIel\IY BbI He CRa ' 3aJITI, QTO fl CIH13Y ncpnYCb B 1"flnT>T JIIIb, CC-
JIll OHM He Y OBJIeTBOpflT Mon Tpe50naIJIIR?
- IIycTb nallIO nCJIUtICCTBO JTy 1 IIIJO CII C nOCHOJTT>I\O paa
06 YMaOT nce RaH CJIe yeT, - CI\a3aJI IT i-I\;) II CHO-CIOji. - 11 pn
pocTaBpa MTI 06J13aTCJIbHO 1l0TpcoyrTc H rrO IOll T} HllOHI CB. J c
JIU Mei:R Y HaMIl cciitIac npoIlaoiil cT paaJTaJ];, TO nOTOM BOBce
He Ha Roro 6y eT Ha;rJ;eRTbCfl. A B 6Y,1ym;cM ocym;CCTBJIOIIUe
pecTaBpa IIlI COBceM lIe 6e30nacIIo.
PaccI\a3an em;e HeCROJIbHO 3TITI:30p;On Jf3 IICTOpUlI II yocJI\-
p;an MeIIR COI'JIaCHTbCJI, q JR:1H CRo-crolf naHOIIt' CRa;1aJI:
- ITOCJIO 06e a H TaraI\H IIpIl CT na aY,rJ,II{\lI MIO. Tor a,
BallIe nCJTIPICCTno, rron\aJIyiicTa, lTOrOBOpIITC C H TaraHU caMlI!
BCTPEqA C HTArAKII
B 1929 rop;y M TaraHn ObTJI nepCBClJ,CII B l\BaIITynCI\YIo ap-
MMIO Ha P;OJIII\IIOCTb COBCTIIMRa. IT 0 Ma TCpMaJIaM Meil\p;yna-
pO Horo BOClIIIoro Tpn6ynaJIa J];Jlfl ,[(a:lhHcro IBocToRa, on ymc
B 1930 ro y, B Mae, 3aHBJIRJT, tITO IIl\fCCT «HCHYIO II OIIpe-
CJIenHYIO JJ OIO», RaI\ pcnTTITI) laTThtTiI\yprl\Hii Bonpoc. H Ta-
raRM CtIlITaJI, tITO pellIIITb BOIIpOC )JCJI\,a,y .fIrroIlJIcii II l\IITaCM
IIe06xo HMO C rrOl\1:011 bIO BOeITIIOii cn,TIbT. ITo I\paiincii MC pc
3a rop; P;O C06bITlIM 18 CeHTJIOpR Oll YFHe naCTannaJI na TOM,
'tJ:T06bI lfI,porHa Tb q1man CIO J-JTJlIIa If r03 a Tb Ha CC'Bcpo-,Boc-
TOKe HOBoe rocy apCTno. B npIIrOBope BOOIIIIoro Tpu6YHaJTa
3aIIMcano: « Ha'tIMHaH C 1 n31 ro;(a, 6YlIY1JII ITOJII\OBIIIIROM B
illTa6e KBaHTYHcHOM ap llnr, on IJcnOcp J];CTncnIIO YtIaCTBOnaJI
H 3aronopc, ROTOpLIM CTann.Tf CBOC11 ncnOCpCTI;CTnCIIHoii 3a a-
tlen 3aXBaT MaIIb'tIi-RYPIIII C I10 10II J>1O nocITIJoii: CHJIIJI. On
npOBOp;MJI rrpoBoRan;noHIIYIO J(eHTC.7JbIIOCTb, na rrpa BJreIIuYIo na
ocyn eCTBJIeHHC 3TOii I (\JTTT. H Ta ra 1\11 HO IOraJI naii:TII rrpc t 1-
JIor, Bbf3BaBlIIMM TaR Ha3LTBaC lble « MaIIb"lIil\ypCHne COOLITTlH»,
rrOJJ;aBJIflJI BC flI\I1C nOI1I>ITT\TT I10 1 cnJ a TI) BO{\TTTII>T I ;J;errCTBllJl:\1.
OH OAo6p.HJI 3TH BOeHIIhl{\ ;J:eiicTBI1R II PYJ\OBOf1;Jf.a IIMII. H Ha-
I\OHCJ , 11 TaraHII nrpa.rr lH1/1 IJYIO pOJTI> B pa;JBepTLIBaHHII nTl-
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325
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327
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328
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ony6JIHKOBaHHoii B iRypnaJIe «MeiI\ltYHapoAHLle COObITJHI» B J];eI\a6pe
1935 rO,lJ.3 (Q. W rig h t, Ame1'1ican View of the Far Ea tern Prob-
tern. «International Affa1irs», 1935 Dees).
349
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HOCTb CBOIIX HJIJlI03Hii, OTHOCMTCH R «,n;eJIY JIHH m3Ha».
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369
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JIeraTOB, no COOCTBeHHOMY iReJIaHHJO rroceTHBmnx MeHH B
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iReHHhIX 'tJHHOBHHROB». 3aTeM OH 3aHHMaJI nOCT ryoepHaTopa
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apeCTa, no OO'bn:CHeHHIO npe,n;CTaBHTeJIH RBaHTYHCI\OH apMHR
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qTO OH HKOOI>I BI>IcTyrra.rr rrpOTHB MaHI>'tJiROY- fo H OKa31>IBaJI
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aToro COBe:[QaHHH JIHH illt)H BOPHYJICH B CURaHI», ero cpa3Y
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KOTOp:blff HCrrOJIHHJI TaKiRe OOH3aHHOCTH TfeTBepToro no C'tJeTY
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- COBceM He,n;aBHO paCKp:bITO Of);HO rrpecTyrrJIeHHe. Bame
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KH, JIIIH maH rrpeKJIOHllJICH nepeAo IHOM H 6bIJI caMbIM rrpe-
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HymHo AepmaTb YXO BOCTpO.
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371
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OTHOCHJICH. KOMaHAyroITJ;MH KBaHTYHCKOll a pMMeii Bce Bp8' IH
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372
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Bce paOOlIIIe 6bIJIM YHH1JTOn{CIIbI. JIUIIIb nCCROJIbIiO eJIOBCK
CnaCJIHCL. PO,IJ;CTBeHHHK TYH Q31I-CIOHH CqnTaJI, 'tJ:TO yno-
MHHYTLIe B ra3eTe « OaH,IJ;HT:bI», I\OTOp:bIX YHM1JTOiI\MJIII HfIOIl-
bI, BCpOHTHO, :II ObIJIH :1TH?vIH caMI)Il\IH pa60l1I1 III.
qepea HeCKOJIbKO ,IJ;Heii nOCJIe Toro, I\aI\ '!'yn U:3H -CIOHh
paCCKa3aJI MIle STY HCTOpHIO, Bne3arrHO TICQe3 MOM ObIUllIlIii
aHrJIHHCKHH rrepeBO,IJ;tJ JilT { Y l\aH-e. fly Q3e CKa3aJI MHe, lITO
374
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IIMeJI CBH3:b C aMepIIKaHJ aMH. IIepe CMepTbIO }T Rau-e rrpo-
CMJI IIIepe aT:b MHe [lHC:bMO C InpOCb 1 60H: aaMOJIBIIT:b 3a He'ro CJIO-
Be'tJK,O, HO ,n TO BpeMH IIy Qae He OCMeJIMJICH TIepO aT:b MHe
clro. 'YOJI:bImaB TaKHe HOBOCTH, H nOfl,pOCIIJI elro He rrpOI,IJ;OJIma T:b.
MHorIIe IIJIaH:bI M 3aKOHbI, Ha KOTOp:bIe H f);aBaJI CBoe
corJIaCIIe B Te AHH, 6bTJIH CBH8aH:bI C BOeHH:bIMU npnTOTOBJIe-
HHHMH .RIIOHIIH H C YCIIJIeHIIeM ee yrrpaBJIeHMJI CBoeH CeBe-
PO- BOCTOtJHOI1: KOJIOHIICM. OHH BKJIIO"tJaJIH IIepBbIH IIHTHJIeT-
HHi IIJIan paaBMTMH npOMaBo,n;CTBa, 3aROH 0 KOHTpOJIe HMY-
IQCCTua, peopraHII8aI MIO npaBHTeJIbCTBa, HanpaBJIeHIIbIe Ha
YI\pOIIJIOHIIe HIIOHCKoro rOCIIOf];CTBa. CIo,n;a me BXOf];IIJIO
BHe peHHe HIIOHCKoro H3:bIKa n J\a"tJeCTne «rocy,n;apCTBeIIHoro
fI3I>IKa». I-Io caMoe CMJI:bHOe BIIetIa TJIeHMe IIpOH3BeJIa Ha MeHH
meHIIT:b'6a 6paTa IIy I '3e.
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CTyrrnJI B BoeHHoe y"tJMJIHm;e. 3HMOM 1935 ron;a OH BepHYJICH
B tIaHtJYHb H 6bIJI na3HatJCJI B ,IJ;BOpn;OBYIO oxpaHY. C 3Toro
BpeMeHM ero aHaKOMbIe JI::J RnaHTYHcKOH apMIIM "tJaCTO 06-
cym,IJ;aJIH C HMM BOIIpOC 0 meHTITHOe II nOCTOHHHO TBepf);IIJIH,
tJ:TO MYil\"tJIIHa o6H3a TeJIbHO f);OJImeH IfMeT:b meHm;UHY, KOTO-
paH yxaiKH:BaJIa 61>1 3a HMM, tJTO flIIOHKH caMbIe lI,n;eaJIbHLIe
il\eHbI Ha CBOTC II T. n. CHaqaJIa H He npMHH 1aJI 3TH pa3rOBO-
pbI Bcephe3. Ho nOOiI\I1f);aHHO ECMoI\a nporOBOpMJICH, CKa3aB,
tJ:TO i-KeIIHT:b,6a Heo6xo,n;HMa ,n;JIH YKpeIIJICHHH )J;pym6l>I Mem)J;y
HIIoHMen M MaHb"tJiI\oy-fo II KO:MaH,n;OBaHHe Ha)J;eeTCH, tITO
IIy 1(3e i«OHHTCH Ha HIIOHT\e. IBce 3TO MeHH CMJI:bHO BCTpe-
BOil\MJIO. .R IIOCOBeTOBa,rrCH C l\IOOM BTOpOM cecTpoH, II M:bI
peIJIH:JIH, 1JTO 3TO 13arOBOp, tITO HIIOHD;bI XOTJIT no pYKaM II
HoraM CBfI::JaT:b IIy Qae, nOJIyqMT:b pe6eHKa HIIOHCKOH RpOBH,
KOTOpbIH n CJIy"tJae He06xo)1T1 IOCTJI CMor O:bI 3aMeHMTI> MeHJI.
MbI pemMJIM ,lJ;eMCTBOBa Th 6:bICTpO M meHIIT:b IIy U:ae. .R BI>I-
3Ba.rr era K ce6e M npeJ];ynp(\[f)IJT, "tJTO rrOHBJIeHlle B ,n;OMe
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HT)I HITOIIJIOn. .R CI\aaaJI IIy Q3e, 1JTO I1aM y JIfI Hero XOpO-
myro IIapy, a OH )J;OJIiI\OII CJIYUIaTbCH MCIIfI M He meHMT:bCH
Ha HJTOTIKe. IIy l(::Je corJIaCITJICH, H: fl rrOCJIaJI "tJeJIOBeKa B
IT0J\TTU, qTo6:bI COCBaTaTb CMY HOBeCTY. CI\OpO HCBeCTa 6:bIJIa
BbI6paHa, II IIy I(ae OHa nOHpaBIIJIaCb. Ho B,n;pyr IIOHBHJICH
ECRoRa H: rpy60 aaMeTHJI:
- ROMaH)J;oBaHIIe Ha)J;eeTCH, tJTO 6pa T MMIIepa Topa me-
1IlITCH Ha HnOIIKe II OJ\aiI\CT TIIM cnOH JJ;PYiI\eCJ\He 1JYBCTBa.
TaRaH meHHTb6a IIOCJTYil\HT J];eJIY YKpenJIeHHH )J;pym6:bI Mem-
375
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TOM 6YJl,eT CaM reHepaJI XOH,n;3e, n03TOMY CJIeAyeT iR,n;a Tb
BeCTeii 113 TOKMo. IB 1\OH e KOHD;OB IIy l(3e npIIIDJIOC:b noJl,"
"tJIIHIITbCH. 3 aIIpeJlH 1937 ro,n;a OH iReHMJICH B TOKIIo Ha Cara
XIIpO - ,n;OtJepH 3HaTHoro BeJIbMOi-RM, MapKII3a Cara. MeHee
lIe'M tJepe3 MeCHD; rro npe,n;JIOiReHIIIO KOMaH,n;OBaHIIH KBaHTYH-
CKOM apMHM rOCYAapCTB.eHH:bIM COBeT npMHHJI 3aKOH 0 Ha-
CJIeJl,OBaHMH rrpeCTOJla, rJIaCHBmMH:
«IIOCJlC CMepTM JJMrrepaTopa rrpeCTOJl rrepexo,n;IIT K ero
C:bIHY; eCJlH C:bIHa HeT, TO K BHYKY; eCJIII Her C:bIHa II BHYKa,
TO rrpeCTOJl HaCJIeJ];yeT MJla,n;mIIM opa T. ECJlM opa T YMpeT,
HaCJle,n;HMKOM na3Ha"tJaeTCH ero 'CbIH».
I10cJle B03Bpa eHHH fly l(3e C iReHOM Ha CeBepo-BoCTOK
H pemHTCJlbHO OTKa3:bIBaJlCH rOBopHTb C HMM 0 "tJeM-JIHOO
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JIa MHe B ,n;ap ero meHa. ECJlH IIy Q3e eJl BMeCTe CO MHOii
II Ha CTOJle JIemaJla e,n;a, npMrOTOBJleHHaH ero meHoM, H
m,n;aJl, Kor,n;a IIy U:3e nepBbTM ee rrorrpooyeT, n JlHIDb Tor,n;a
eJI HeMHoro CaM.
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H C TpeBOrOM ,n;YMaJI 0 CBOeH cy,n;bOe II ,n;ame ra,n;aJI. He 'MeHb-
me 6eCrrOKOMJICH H II 0 opa Te: TOJlbKO nOCJle,n;HMM IIYHKT
3aKoHa 0 Hac.rre,n;onaHIIII rrpeCTOJla, B KOTOpOM rOBOpHJIOC.b,
lITO HaCJle,n;HIIKOM Ha3HalIaeTCH C:bIH opaTa, IIMeJl rroJl, CODOM
nO"tJBY. .fIrroHcKoMY KOMaH,n;OBaHHIO HymeH 6:bIJI MMIIepaTOp
HIIOHCKOM RpOBI1, II03TOMY M:bl, 6pa TbH, MOrJlII CTa Tb iRepT-
BOH. .R OOJIertleHHO B3,II;OXHYJI JIMIDb Tor,n;a, KOrJl,a Y3HaJI, "ITO
y IIy U:3e pO,IJ;IIJlaC:b Jl,Otlb.
qYBCTBOBaJI 6:bI H ceOH crrOKOHHec, eCJlH ObI y MeHH ca-
MODO pO,n;HJlCH C:bIH? BpJIJl, JIH, HOO H ,n;aBHO YiKe no,n;IIHca.rr
Jl,OKYMeHT, B KOTOpOM OOH3aJlCH rrocJla Tb C:bIHa YlIHTbCJI II
BocnIITbIBaTbCH B .RrroHHIO, Kor,n;a eMY IICIIOJlHIITCJI nHTb JIeT.
28 IIIOHH, 3a ,n;eBJITb ,n;HeM ,n;o COO:bITIIM 7 IIIOJIJI, H CHOBa
OblJI Cep:be3HO HarryraH, Ha 3TOT pa3 HHD;II,n;eHTOM C BOPD;O-
Bon oxpaHon.
TaK Ha3MBaeMaH ,n;BOpn;OBaH oxpaHa COCTOHJIa 113 OTPH-
,n;OB, KOTOp:bIe H co,n;epma.rr Ha JIMlIH:bIe cpe,n;CTBa. Ee B03HHK-
HOBeHMe ObIJlO CBH3aHO He TOJl:bKO C meJIaHHeM HMeTb JIHlI-
HYIO oxpaHY, HO M npeCJle,1];iOBaJIO TY me eJIb, tlTO II nOCbIJlKa
IIy 1(3e B .RrroHMIO, B BoeHHoe YlIHJIHm;e: JI CTpeM1IJICH CO-
3,n;aTb CBOll KOCTHK apMHII. B ABOPD;OBOM oxpaHe ObIJIO 300 "Ie-
JIOBeK, II Bce OHH rrpOXOJl,IIJIH ocpH epcKYIO rro,n;rOTOBKY. Tyu
Q3H-CIOHb, BeJl,aBIDHM HX ooy"tJeHHeM, ,n;aBHO rOBOpIIJI MHe,
376
ttTO l\OMaHAoBaIlMe I-\BaHTynCI\oii apMllJ1 HC OBOJlbHO ;)tnM.
.fI He 06pa aJI BHIIMaHIfH Ha ero 3aMeqaHIIH ,n;o rex nop,
flOKa He IIpOM30IIIJIO CJIOl YIOm;ec. 28 MIOHH "lIaCTb oxpaHHM-
ROB OTrrpaBHJIaCb rrorYJIHTb B IIapK M IIOCrrOpIIJIa TaM C He-
CROJIbKMMII HrrOHD;aMII n IIITaTCKOM U3-3a rrpOKara JIOAOK.
B aTO BpeMH OTKYAa -TO HaOemaJIO MHomeCTBO HIIOHD;eB, H
OHB Ha aJIH paKY. Pa303JIeHHaH oxpaHa OKa3aJIa corrpOTIID-
JIeHBe, rrpBMeHIIB IIpMeMbI KHTaHCKOH OOpbObI. HIIOHD;bI,
BH H, TO C oxpaHHIIKaMII crrpaBMTbCH TPy,n;HO, HaTpaBHJIM
Ha HUX OB apOK. OxpaHHIIKH y6IIJIII cooalK, IIpOpBaJIM OKpy-
iKeHHe II BepHYJIMCb B CBOII I\a3a pMbI. CrrYCTH HeKOT,opoe
BpeMH K TYH l(31I-CIOHIO JIBIIJIMCb HIIOHCKHe maH apMbI II IIO-
TpeOOBaJIII BbI,n;aTb IIM Tex, RTO HaXOAIIJICH B napKe. Co CTpa-
xy TYH 'Q31I-CIOHb Ha3BaJI oxpaHHH oB, 11 1fX yneJIII 'maII-
apMLI. HnOHD;bI 3aCTalBJIHJIH IIX C03HaTbCH B aHTIIMaHbllmoy-
rOCKOH II aHTHHnOHCKOH ,n;eHTeJIbHOCTM, Te He npH3HaBaJIII
ce'OH BHHOBHbIMII, II IIX meCTOI\O rr:bITaJIM. CTaJIO HCHO, TO
Bce aTO 3apaHee rro,n;CTpOHJIII RIIOHD;bI: B II1TaTCKOM ObIJIM
BoeHHLIe, cpeAII rrOCTpa,n;aBII1HX Haxo,n;MJIOC:b ABoe COBeTHHKOB
KBaRTYHCKOH a pMMH, cooalKH Tome rrpIIHa,n;JIemaJIII RIIOHCI\OH
apMHH. Y CJIbIII1aB, "tITO nOHn;bI apeCTOBaJIH ,MORX oxpaHHMKon,
H Irro.DY1MaJI, "lITO 3TO 'c.myrqaHHOCTb, II \IIlpOCHJI ECMOKa IIorOBopHTb
C KOMaHJ);OBaHHeM. BepHYlBlliIIC:b, OH llIepe aJI MHe TPH CJIe yIO-
m;HX yCJIOBIIH Ha-qaJI:bHHKa mTa6a KBaHTY1HOKOH ap:MMII TOA3e:
1. OTBeTCTBeHH:bIM 3a ,n;BOpn;OBYIO oxpauy TYH Q3II-,CIOHb
,n;OJIiReH II3BIIHHTbCH IIepeA paHeH:bIMII COBeTHIIRaMII RBaH-
TYHCKOH apMJIH. 2. IBuHOBHMKM IIHn;M,n;eHTa ,n;OJIJI\I1:bI ObITb
BbICJIaH:bI 3a IIpe,n;eJIbI CTpaH:bI. 3. IB ,n;aJIbHei1IlIe I He ,n;o-
nY'CKaTb nOBTopeHMH no,n;06HbIX CJIY1JaeB.
H ooem;aJI B:bInOJIHIIT:b Bce YCJIOBMH. BCJIe,n; 3a 3TIIM l\tleHJl
aa.CTaBMJIM OCBOOO,n;MTb TYH Q3H-CIOHH OT oOH3aHHocTeH Ha-
qaJIbHHKa ,n;BOpn;OIBOH oxpaHbI M nepe,n;a Tb STY OJIjHHOCTb
HnoHn;y Harao. H ,n;OJImeH 6:bIJI COKpaTJilTb lII1CJIeHHOCTb cBoeii
oxpaHbI II 3aMeHMTb Haxo,n;MBlliIIeCH Y Hee Ha noopyrKeIIIIH
BHHTOBKH Ha IIMCTOJIeTM.
E e paHbIlIe ,n;JIH C03,n;aHIIJI CBOHX coocTBeHHbIx CH.rr H
I10C:bIJIaJI B HnoHHIO HeCKOJIbKO rpy,IIfl MOJIo,n;eiKlI Y HT:bCH
BoeHHoMY ,n;eJIY. HeOmJI,n;aHHo rrOCJIe MX B03npam;eHIIH Bce
OHB, B TOM tIMCJIe II IIy Q3e, 6:blJIII Ha3Ha eHbI Ha ,n;OJIiRHOCTB
B BoeHHOM Be,n;OM,C1me, M H BOOOm;e He MMeJI K HMM HHKaKoro
OTHOIlIeHMH. 11 BOT Terrepb MOJI JIM1JHaH oxpaHa norraJIa IIO,n;
nOJIH:bIH KOHTpOJIb HrrOHn;en. TaK paCCeHJIIIC:b Bce MOB
RJIID03HH.
377
1\0rp:a 7 HIOJIH 1931 Do a natIaJtaCb 'BoMlIa Men\ y .H.no-
HHeH H RflTaeM H HrrOHCKaH apMHH 3aXBaTMJIa IIeI\MH, Y He-
KOTOpbIX MaHb1JiRypCKHX I\HH3eii H n;IIHCKHX BeTepaHOB B
I1eKHHe nOHBIIJIaCL HaAeiRAa Ha 1l0CCTaHOBJIeHIIe npCiKHllX
nOpH KQB. Ho AJIH MeHH YiRe CTaJIO HCHO, 1JTO" 3TO Terropb
HeB03MOiKHO. .H YMaJI .JIHllIL 06 O HOM: HaK B 3THX YCJIO-
BHHX coxpaHHTb CBOIO 6e30nacHocTL H KaK rrpHcrrocO'oHTbCSI
K ECHoKa - 3TOMY OJIHn;eTBOpeHllIO RBaHTYHcKOM apMIIH?
:ECHOKA HCYHOPH
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3JIeKTpO BHraTeJIeM, a ECHoKa HCYHopn - 3JIeKTpOnpoBo 0 1
c npeKpacHoH npOBO HMOCTLIO.
8TO 6bIJI HeOOJIbmOrO pOCTa HnOHe 113 RarOCIIMbl, C BbI-
cTynaIO MMH CKYJIaMII II YCHKaMH. C 1935 ro,n;a II nIIJIOTb
,n;o KanHTYJIH HH HnoHHH B 1945 ro,n;y OH HaXO HJICH pH,n;OM
co MHOR H BMeCTe co MHOR 6blJI B3HT B IIJIeH COBeTcKoH Ap-
MlIeH. B TelIeHHe IIOCJIe HMX AeCHTH JIeT OH OT nO)J;IIOJIROB-
HHKa cyxonYTH@X BOHCK nOCTerreHHO IIO,D;HHJICH AO reHepaJI-
JIeRTeHaHTa. ECHoKa 3aHHMaJI Be AOJIiRHOCTII: OH O:bIJI CTap-
mHM COiBeTHHKOM KBaHTYHcKOH apMIIH II aTTallie npII HMIIe-
paTopCKOM ,n;OMe MaHblIiRoy-ro. IIocJIe)J;Hee 6bIJIO HnOHCKII 1
Ha3BaHlIeM. CoocTBeHHo rOBopH, KaK nepeBO)J;HTCH 3TO Ha-
3BaHHe, He TaK YiK BaiRHO, TaK KaK OHO Bce paBHO He OTpa-
iKaJIO caMOM )J;eHTeJIbHOCTH ECHOKa. <DaKTHlIeCKM OH 6bIJI KaK
ObI o ymeBJIeHHbIM 3JIeKTpOnpOBO)J;OM. RamAafl MbICJIb RBan-
TYHCKOH apMHH IIepe aBaJIaCb MHe lIepe'3 Hero. Ry,n;a exaTb
Ha IIpHeM, KOMY OT,n;aBa Tb lIeCTL, I\aKHX rrpHHHMa Tb rocTeii,
KaK HHCTPYKTHpOBaTb lIHHOBHHKOB H Hapo , Kor,n;a IIOAHHTh
PIOMKY C TOCTOM, aiRe KaK YJIblOaTbCH II KHBaTb rOJIOBOM-
Bce 3TO H ,IJ;eJIaJI no YKa3aHHIO ECHOKa. C KaKHMH JIIO,n;bMH .H
Mor BCTpelIaTLCH H C KaKHMH HeT, Ha KaKI1X coopaHHHX npH-
CYTCTlBOBa Tb H 'tITO ,rOHOIpIITb - BO BceM H CJIYllIaJICH erO.
TeKCT Moero BbIcTYIIJIeHMH OH 3apaHee IIIICaJI MHO Ha 6YMare
Ha CBoeM HIIOHH3HponaHHOM KHTaHCHOM H3bIne.
Kor,n;a HrrOHHH HalIaJIa arpeCCHBHYro BOHHY B KIITae II
rrOTpe'OOBaJIa Y MapHOHeTOlIHOrO npaBIITeJIbCTBa npO;J;OBOJIT)-
CTBHe, paOOlIYIO CHJIY H MaTepnaJIbHbIe pecypCbI, H BeJIeJI
qmaH :Q3IIH-XY3IO Ha COBe aHHII ry6epHaTopOB npOBHHD;Ull
378
3a HTaTb npH3bIB R ry,oepHaTopaM, HaIIlIcaHHbIll ECIIOKa.
B HeM OH nplI3LIBaJI ryoepHaTopOB rrpHJIOmHTb Bce CBOH
YClIJIHH f];JIH nO,Iu epmaHIIH CBH eHHoii BOMH:bI. .fIIIOHlIH Ha-
lIaJIa BOMHY Ha TMXOM OKeaHe, II Y Hee He)];OCTa'BaJIO BoeHHOH
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a TenepL 6:bIJIM nepeBe)];eHLI Ha TnxooReancKMM <PPOHT. II H
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6YMaiRRe RTaJI: « M:bI XOTMM iRlITb 1I YMepeTb BMeCTe C
.f[rroHMeM. Y Hac Cl RHaH BOJIH M pemJfMOCTL pa3rpOMRTb CII-
JI:bI AMepI1KM M AHrJIHI1».
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B C,TOPOHY q)pOHTa, BbIpamaH TCM caMhIM COOOJIe3HOBaHlIe
norHOIIIMM. IIocJIe HeCKOJIb.J I1X TaKHX «ypOKOB», KorAa rraJI
ropo)]; YxaHb, H yme caM, 6e3 "tJberO-JIUoo HaIIOMMHaHHH,
BbICJIYUlaH )];0 HOIIQa coo6II eHHc, BCTaJI, CAeJIaJI IIOKJIOH M
IIO TMJI IIorH'6I11HX HIIOIII eB MHHYTOM MOJI aHlIH.
Tor a iHe, TIOCJle TTa CHMH ropOAa YxaHb, OH rrOCOBeTOBaJI
MHe JIIIlIHO HaIIIIca T:b II03)];pa.BJIeHlIfl naJIa-qy ORaMypa, OKKY-
IIMpOBa BITIPMY ropo)];, a TaRiI\e nor JIa Th II03)];paBJlTeJIbHYIO Te-
.rrerpaMMY HIIOHCKOMY MMilepaTOpy.
B )];aJII)HeiiIlIOl\f, I\or a IObIJIH IIIOHa'CTpoeHbI «XlpaM:bI Y1(-
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Ao 7 MIOJIH MOIl pOACTBeHHHI\H, iI MBlTIUe B I(eHTpaJIbHOM
RHTae, 06bI"tJHO RaiR)];:bIH ro)]; IIpn:e3maJIH: n03)];paBMT:b MeHH C
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crrnCOK JIlIn;, I\OTOpI IM B YCTaHOBJIeHlIOe BpCMfl pa3pemaJIOCb
npnexaTb B qaII"tJYIIb. 1-\ TOMY iRe, I\pOMC MORX 6JIII3I lIX
PO,n;cTBeHIIMKoB, OCTaJIbH:ble MOrJIM TOJIbKO oTAaBaTb MHe
tJecTL, HO He HMeJIII IT paBa co MHOH Oeee)];OBa Tb.
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opa II yme TOJIbRO TI,OCJIe 3TODO EClIoKa pa3pemaJI JilJIJiI 3a-
IIpe aJI rrepe)];aBa Tb ee MHe.
379
I\oHeqHO, RBaHTYHOKaH apMMH 3HaJIa, 'tJTO H He Mor BLI-
cTyrraTb rrpOTMB MaHb moy- fo, rrpOTMB .HrroHIIII, HO OHa Bce
e e 60HJIaCb, 'tJTO H YCTaHOBJIIO CBH3b M BCTYIIJIIO B crO:BOp
C QeHTpaJIbHbIM RMTaeM B n;eJIHX jJoccTaHOBJIeHHH n;MHCKOii
,I];JIHaCTMH, 'tJTO, KOHe'tJHO, 6bIJIO He B ee MHTepecax.
B Te ,I];HH 6bIJIO COnepIJleHHO He'B03MomHO C KeM-HM6YJJ;b
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BbIrra,I];aJI 113 nOJIn: 3peHJiIH maH,n;apMOB. OHM 3HaJIH 6YKBaJIbHO
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maiimMM KOHTpOJIeM.
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C'ROi1: a pMMII M rI ' p'Olpa60TaJI Ha CtBoeii OJI1i1\HOCTH HCRTI)
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cTeH.
ABTOPbI neKoTopbIX KHI1r YTBepJl ,n;aIOT, 'tJTO B THHLD;311He
:RcMoRa 6bIJI MOIIM xopomMM ,I];pyroM, a IIOTOM CTaJI COBeT-
HIIKOM RBaHTYHCKOii apMMH. IT03TOMY, Kor,n;a KIBaHTYHcKOM
a pM11H rroHa,n;o6MJICH 'tJeJIOBeK ,n;JIH « CBH3M» co MHOii, BLrOpaJIIf
ero. Ha caMOM ,n;eJIe B THHbD;3MHe ECIIOKa OJ];HO BpeMH BeJI
6ece,n;bI 110 TeKyrn;H'M C06bITHflM, O,l];naKO rOBOpJITb, TO OIl
6:bIJI MOMM XOpOIIII1M ,n;pyroM, HeJIL3H. Ho eCJIn CKa3a Tb, tITO
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B HIIOHCKoe BoeHHoe yqMJIMrn;e, B KOTOpOM ECIIOKa B TO Bpe-
MH nperro,n;aBaJI BoeHIIYIO HCTopMIO. IIOqTH 'Kam,n;oe BOCKpe-
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meJIaeMoro. RBaHTYHc,KaH apMHH Ha3Ha HJIa ECHoKa cTap-
mIIM COBeTJIHKOM II IIopyqHJIa eMY 3a,n;atIy CBH3aTLCH co
MHOH. I1epe OT'be3J];oM B MaHb"tJmYPHIO OR IIOlIpOCHJI ITy
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380
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H OKaaaJI eMY 3TY «qeCTb». IT pOllTJIO MHoro BpeMeHU,
IIpem e qeM H rrOHHJJ, qTO 011 eJIaJI ;1TO, CTpOl\IHCb rrYCTHTb
IIbIJIb B rJIa3a RBaHTYIICKOH apMHH, KOTOpalJI C'tJ:HTaJIa, lITO
Y Hero ICO MHOH 6bIJIH Heo l 6bPIHble OTHOIIIeHHR; rrepeJ];o MHOM
iRe OH 6paBHpOBaJI WOpMOH CTapmero COBeTHHKa RBaHTYH-
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HOM CBeTe rrepe TOM II pyroii CTOpOHOH II H3BJIeKaJI TI;l
3Toro rrOJIb3Y.
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HapIICOBaJI KapTJIIIY, II306pamalOlQYIO 6aM6YK, II rrOIIpOCIIJI
qiR3H CHO-CIOJI HaIIHcaTb CTIIXII K HeM, a MeHH - C eJIaTh
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OH JIOf);apJiIJI C'BOIO KapTHHY l\faTepn HIIOHCKoro HMIIepaTopa
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ro JIH IIOlliJIa CJIaBa 0 HeM KaK 0 XY OiRHIIKe, HO MomHO
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381
pOBbH! - 8TO Cpa3Y 6bIJIO aaIIIICanO Ha l\larHHT0<p0H. :EcMOl\a
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rrpMHTHoe OlQy eHlIe. ITocTerre.HHO rrpOH30illJIH H3MeHeHHH II
B HamHX OTHomeHIIHX.
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CJIOBa ECHOKa:
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JIM1JeCTBY, If, nOeKOJIbKY H IIOqTM HllJIHIOCb pO CTBeHHnI\OM
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IB TO BpCl\{H OH rOBOpUJI ITy U:3C:
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R 1936 ro y ero petJH IJ3MeHHJIJICI):
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UH I\'BaHTYHCl\oJi a pMlIeH Tome RaR OTen; BameMY BeJIH-
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f);IIJI, a qepe3 rrHTb MMHYT n03Bpa:m;aJTCH CHOBa. .I(JIH 3Toro Y
Hero He 6bIJIO HUI\aI\MX CepbC:1HbIX IIpJiI JIH. HanplIMCp, TO
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JIaTL, H T. n. MIle BCerf);a Ka3a.rrOCb, qTO Tal\HMH IBHe3arrHLIMH
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382
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lITO B illKOJIaX aTO npOHCXOAHJIO TaK. Bce yqHTeJIH 11 mKOJIb-
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He CKJIOHHJlIICb B nOlITHTeJIbHOM IIOKJIOHe. 3aBeAYIOW;HH
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BJIeII\aJI 'CBHTOK C MaH'HcpeCTOM H BpyqaJI e'ro AHpeKTopy
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npHMep, 2 MaH 3alIHTbIBaJICH MaHllcpecT HaCTaBJIeHIIH Ha-
p y 1110 CJIy aIO 'B03BpalI(eHWI HMneparopa, H3AaHHbIH B
1935 ro,n;y, IIOCJIe Moero B03Bpaw;eHHH H3 nepBoM rroe3AKH
B HrroHHIO. Ero TeKCT rJIaCHJI:
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TlTo6LI TeM caMbIM BbIpa3HTL eMY Harne HCKpeHHee BOCXH-
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TOpCKHH AOM BCTpeTIIJI Hac C IICKJIIOlIHTeJIbHbIM pa)J;yrnHeM 11
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MbIM CJIe,n;, 11 MbI HIII\OrAa IIX He 3a6YAeM.
MbI rJIy60Ko c03HaeM, lITO C MOMeHTa OCHOBaHHH Harnaro
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JIHCb Ha rrpeAaHHocTb, cnpaBeAJIHBOCTb H BeJIIII\IIe YCHJIIUI
aTOM APYiKeCTBeHHOH cTpaHbI B YKpenJIeH1IH BeJIHKOii OCHOBbI;
H aTa IIoe3AKa HBJIHJIaCL ,n;JIH Hac ClIaCTJIIIBOH B03MOiKHOCTbIO
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Toro, HaIIIII J3IHHMa TeJIbHbIC na6J1IOAeHIIH y6e,n;HJIH IHalC B TOM,
tITO npalBJIeHHe B 3TOH CTpaHe 31Im,n;eTCH Ha MIIJIOCep,n;HH H
JI106B1I, a B BOCTIHTaHHH rJIaBHbIM HBJIHIOTCH rrpeAaHIIOCTb II
383
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384
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