М.Б. Антонова
ПРАКТИКА ПЕРЕВОДА С АНГЛИЙСКОГО ЯЗЫКА НА РУССКИЙ
Учебное пособие
Москва Издательство «ФЛИНТА» 2025
УДК 811.111/161.1’25(075.8)
ББК 81.432.1/411.2-8я73
А72
Автор
Антонова Марина Борисовна — доцент Школы иностранных языков Национального исследовательского университета «Высшая школа экономики».
доцент кафедры европейских языков Института лингвистики Российского государственного гуманитарного университета
Рецензенты:
канд. психол. наук, доцент, доцент кафедры европейских языков Института лингвистики РГГУ Е.А. Опарина:
канд. филол. наук, доцент, доцент кафедры английского языка как второго переводческого факультета МГЛУ И,М. Шокина
Антонова М.Б.
А72 Практика перевода с английского языка на русский : учеб, пособие /М.Б. Антонова. —Москва : ФЛИНТА. 2025. — 192с. — ISBN 978-5-9765-5636-2. — Текст : электронный.
Учебное пособие предлагает практический материал для формирования профессионально ориентированной компетенции в письменном переводе с английского языка на русский. Задания нацелены на развитие умений применять различные трансформации при переводе, проводить прагматическую адаптацию перевода. В пособии также содержатся творческие задания, касающиеся передачи аллюзий. метафор и игры слов. Особое внимание уделяется созданию грамотного текста с соблюдением языковых и речевых норм литературного русского языка. В пособие включены фрагменты переводов современных художественных произведений для сравнительного анализа и редактирования. Кроме того, пособие включает примеры передачи диалекта кокни, креольского языка манглиш. а также индивидуальных отклонений от норм литературного английского языка.
Для студентов и аспирантов, обучающихся по направлениям «Перевод и переводоведение». «Межкультурная коммуникация» и «Лингвистика».
УДК 811.111 161.1’25(075.8)
ББК 81.432.1 411.2-8я73
ISBN 978-5-9765-5636-2	© Антонова М.Б., 2025
© Издательство «ФЛИНТА». 2025
Содержание
Предисловие ...................................................4
Раздел 1. Лексико-семантические трансформации при переводе (конкретизация, генерализация, дифференциация, экспликация) ..................................................6
Раздел 2.	Грамматические и синтаксические трансформации
при переводе ......................................22
Раздел 3.	Перевод оезэквивалентной лексики ................55
Раздел 4.	Лексическая сочетаемость в английском
и русском языках ..................................85
Раздел 5.	Стилистические аспекты перевода (стратегии перевода:
передача аллюзий, антропонимов, сравнений, метафор, игры слов, аллитерации, повторов, эмфазы) .........97
Раздел 6.	Передача диалектных и индивидуальных особенностей
речи персонажа....................................141
Раздел 7.	Редактирование перевода ........................153
Раздел 8.	Сравнение переводов ............................165
Список источников ...........................................183
ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ
Интерес читающей публики к современным зарубежным произведениям литературы самых разных жанров и жанровых подвидов — фэнтези, чиклит. психологический роман, исторический роман, мемуары и т.д. — не ослабевает, что обусловливает потребность в создании .литературных переводов. Достижения в области цифровизации пока что не позволяют исключить творческого участия переводчика в процессе написания текста на русском языке. Начинающие переводчики, поддавшись искушению прибегнуть к помощи машинного перевода, с разочарованием признают, что полученный перевод нельзя назвать ни эквивалентным, ни адекватным, поскольку и содержательная составляющая утрачена, и нормы русского языка нарушены.
Целью данного пособия является обучение студентов адекватно передавать содержательные и формальные особенности текстов на английском языке средствами русского языка, а также уметь обосновывать выбор стратегии и способов перевода. В качестве источников использованы произведения известных англо-американских писателей XX—XXI вв. и переводы этих произведений на русский язык.
Пособие состоит из восьми разделов и списка источников. В Раздел 1 включены задания, способствующие развитию умений применять такие лексико-семантические трансформации при переводе, как конкретизация, генерализация, дифференциация и экспликация. Раздеч 2 посвящен вопросам грамматических и синтаксических преобразований при создании естественно звучащего русского текста. В Раздече 3 представлены фрагменты из англо-американских художественных произведений. включающие реалии, неологизмы и лексические единицы, представляющие собой так называемые лексические лакуны. В Раздече 4 рассматриваются различия в лексической сочетаемости английского и русского языков. Как известно, культура и образ мышления народа отражаются в уникальной национальной языковой картине мира, поэтому создание перевода
4
подразумевает не только следование нормам принимающего языка, но и передачу лингвокультурных особенностей переводимого текста. Этому вопросу посвящен Раздел 5, в котором предлагаются материалы и задания, связанные с такими аспектами перевода, как выбор стратегии перевода (форенизация, доместикация, «золотая середина»), передача аллюзий, сравнений. метафор, игры слов, различных видов повтора и эмфазы. Раздел 6 знакомит со способами передачи диалекта кокни, креольского языка манглиш. а также индивидуальных отклонений от норм литературного английского языка. Особое внимание в пособии уделяется созданию грамотного текста на русском языке с соблюдением языковых и речевых норм, с этой целью в Разделы 7—8 включены фрагменты из переводов современных художественных произведений для сравнительного анализа и редактирования. В Списке источников содержится перечень художественных произведений, послуживших материалом для данного пособия, а также указываются использованные интернет-ресурсы и словари.
Пособие разработано для студентов и аспирантов, обучающихся по направлениям «Перевод и переводоведение», «Межкультурная коммуникация» и «Лингвистика». Пособие может быть использовано для аудиторной, внеаудиторной и самостоятельной работы.
РАЗДЕЛ 1
ЛЕКСИКО-СЕМАНТИЧЕСКИЕ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИИ ПРИ ПЕРЕВОДЕ (конкретизация, генерализация, дифференциация, экспликация)
1.	Определите приемы перевода выделенных слов (конкретизация, генерализация). Чем объясняется применение этих приемов в данных случаях?
1.	“How many baskets?” Rowena asked.
“I don’t know. About twenty,” the driver said.
“And is anyone expecting these?” Rowena asked.
“I don’t know. I think it’s for potential clients maybe?” the driver said, a sudden exhaustion in his voice. “I think these are just gifts for some people that work here.” he said.
“And who is the sender?” Rowena asked. (D. Eggers The Every)
— Сколько этих корзинок? — спросила Ровена.
— Не знаю. Штук двадцать. — ответит водитель.
— И для кого они? — поинтересовалась Ровена.
— Не знаю. Может, дтя потенциальных клиентов? — устало ответил водитель. — Думаю, это подарки для сотрудников.
— И кто отправитель? — продолжала расспрашивать Ровена.
2.	There was tenderness in the dishes she prepar ed, love in a dish made perfect with the fruity bite of Scotch bonnet. (D.J. Chariandy Brother)
Мама готовила дтя нас с такой нежностью, что она ощущалась в каждом блюде. Эта ее любовь прекрасно сочеталась с сочными кусочками перца чили.
6
3.	Will takes our bags from the porter, and Mis. Cliffton leads us to a Ford Station Wagon with wood paneling so smooth it looks glazed. (E. Murphy The Disappearances)
Уилл берет наши сумки у носильщика, а миссис Клиффтон ведет нас к «Форду» с таким идеальным деревянным покрытием. что тот кажется гтянцевым.
4.	Away from the police barricade now, Grace looked over her shoulder. Forty-Third Street was blocked to the west as well, preventing her from cutting across. To go back up Madison and around the other side of the station would take at least another half an hour, making her even later for work than she already was. She cursed the night before. (P. Jenoff The Lost Girls of Paris)
Отойдя от полицейских ограждений. Грейс обернулась. Сорок третья улица была перекрыта и с запада, так что она не могла срезать путь там. Если вернуться на Мэдисон авеню и обойти станцию с другой стороны, то это займет еще полчаса, а она и так сильно опоздала. Грейс со злостью подумала о прошлой ночи.
5.	As I tinned back towards our occupied village, where our simple houses had been converted into banacks and giui emplacements. I heard cries. They came from the village school. Light spilled from a bailed window high in the wall. I climbed onto a pail to look inside and my foot slipped, the metal container clattering in the night, setting the dogs balking. The guards who rushed out to restrain me were from my own people, making it a thousand times worse. (A. Petch The Tuscan Secret)
Когда я повернул назад к своей оккупированной деревне, где наши простые дома были превращены в казармы и огневые точки, я услышал крики. Они доносились из школы. Свет лился из окна, расположенного высоко в стене, на котором стояли ре
7
шетки. Я встал на ведро, чтобы заглянуть внутрь, но моя нога соскользнула, и звонкий металл загремел в ночи, отчего залаяли собаки. Караульные, которые кинулись схватить меня, были местными, что делало ситуацию в тысячу раз хуже.
6.	“Who’s that?” Brody asked when Alice opened the door to the appliance and he saw another body bag on a lower shelf. (W.K. Krueger The River We Remember)
— А это кто? — спросил Броуди, когда Элис открыла дверцу холодильника и он увидел еще один мешок с трупом на нижней полке.
7.	Brody tried to think if there was anything more he should ask. anything else he should say before he approached the final piece of the unpleasant business. (W.K. Krueger The River We Remember)
Броуди задумался, остались ли у него еще вопросы и что еще следовало бы сказать, прежде чем перейти к заключительной части этого неприятного разговора.
8.	When Brody tinned up the lane off the county highway, he could see activity' near the bam. where Quinn kept a small herd of beef cattle. As Brody drove between the young fields — com to his right, soybeans to his left — he watched three men trying to run down a big black bull that was making a mess of Quinn’s tidy crop rows. (W.K. Krueger The River We Remember)
Когда Броди свернул в проулок с окружного шоссе, он заметил движение возле сарая, где Куинн держал небольшое стадо мясного скота. Проезжая меж недавно засеянных полей кукурузы по правую сторону и соевых бобов по левую, он наблюдал. как трое мужчин пытаются остановить большого черного быка, который затаптывал идеально ровные ряды посевов Куинна.
8
9.	Even now she looks to Elizabeth for counsel, though Mary’s status as minister’s wife is higher, for Elizabeth is only the wife of a yeoman soldier. (A.B. Brown Flight of the Sparrow)
II по сей день Мэри обращается за советом к Элизабет, хотя Мэри занимает более высокое положение: она жена священника, а сестра — всего лишь солдата.
10.	Не laughed inwardly, with a pleasantly reticent chuckle, as he thought of Lady Carbiuy dealing with his views of Protestantism. — as he thought also of the numerous historical errors into which that clever lady must inevitably fall in wa iting about matters of which he believed her to know nothing. He would not probably say that the book was accurate, but he w ould be able to declare that it was delightful reading. (A. Trollope The Way' We Live Now)
Он усмехнулся про себя, представив, как леди Карбери будет пересказывать его взгляды на протестантизм, и представив. сколько же исторических ошибок эта хитроумная леди допустила. когда рассуждала о вопросах, в которых совершенно ничего не смыслит. Мистер Букер, пожалуй, не станет писать, что исторические факты в книге точны, но он напишет, что это довольно-таки занятная книга.
2.	Переведите следующие предложения. Какой прием вы использовали при переводе десемантизированных слов?
1.	Another thing that got forgotten was the fact that against all probability a sperm whale had suddenly been called into existence several miles above the siuface of an alien planet. (D. Adams The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy )
2.	Later I became a waiter and w-orked on a lot of things that were almost incredibly successfill but in fact just failed to see the
9
light of day. Other writers will know what I mean. (D. Adams The Hitchhiker ‘s Guide to the Galaxy )
3.	In the morning we were slightly jet-lagged and exhausted but there were things to do and people to see. (L. Matthews A Conviction of Guilt)
4.	A white van had pulled up, and the driver, a red-bearded man sitting high above the guards’ window, explained that he had a delivery.
“Delivery of what?’' the gaunt guard asked.
The driver briefly turned his head toward the back of the van. as if to be sure of his impending description. “It’s a bunch of baskets. Gift baskets. Stuffed animals, chocolate, that kind of thing? he said. (D. Eggers The Every)
5.	But it was her face particularly that struck Alan Merrick at first sight. That face was above all things the face of a free woman. Something so flank and fearless shone in Henninia’s glance, as her eye met his, that Alan, who respected human freedom above all other qualities in man or woman, was taken on the spot by its perfect air of untrammelled liberty. (G. Allen The Woman Who Did)
6.	All history is written backwards, reckons Tony. We choose a significant event and examine its causes and its consequences, but who decides whether the event is significant? We do. Too many of the pieces have gone missing, however. (M.E. Atwood The Robber Bride)
7.	She pauses at the coffee room, where two of her colleagues, both dressed in fleecy jogging suits, are having milk and cookies. Dr. Ackroyd, the eighteenth-century agriculture expert, and Dr. Rose Pimlott. the social historian and Canadianist. who by any other name, would still be a pain in the butt. She wonders if Rose Pimlott and Bob Ackroyd are having a thing, as Roz would say. They’ve
io
been putting their heads together quite frequently in recent weeks. (M.E. Atwood The Robber Bride)
8.	After a time, Bess speaks again.
“It may not be a revelation from the Lord, yet still I believe it is evil to hold another person enslaved.”
‘“Tis the order of things'" Mary says. “Ordained by God. Does not Paul in his first letter to the Corinthians enjoin the slave to stay in his position and serve the Lord?”
“He says that we are bought with a price, and that we ought not to be servants of men,” Bess says quietly.
Mary turns to stare, surprised that the gill knows her Bible so well. She says nothing, knowing she should consult her husband for his greater knowledge of such matters. (A.B. Brow Flight of the Sparrow)
9.	[As Brody drove between the young fields — com to his right, soybeans to his left — he watched tliree men trying to run down a big black bull that was making a mess of Quinn’s tidy crop rows.] He considered offering to help, but he knew about bulls, knew they were cantankerous creatures, and he figured he’d just stay put and see how things played out. (W.K. Krueger The River We Remember)
10.	Brody was a man who’d seen things in war that had inured him to the shock of normal emergencies in a place like Jewel. (W.K. Krueger The River We Remember)
11.	Through the open window in the east wall came sunlight and a summer breeze and the sounds of the celebration. Brody thought about his deputy, who was walking the parade route, helping to maintain order. He considered whether he should wade into things and let Deputy Fielding know what was up. But that would mean he’d have to endure a lot of handshaking and backslapping and questions about why he was not in his army uniform and marching with
rr
the other vets, things he wanted no part of. (W.K. Knieger The River We Remember)
12.	But Felix had demons inside him. or so he claimed when he’d been hitting the Wild Turkey, and these demons sometimes made him do things he regretted. (W.K. Knieger The River We Remember)
13.	The Decoration Day parade was a grand affair. (W.K. Knieger The River We Remember)
14.	Brody tried to think if there was anything more he should ask. anything else he should say before he approached the final piece of the unpleasant business. (W.K. Knieger The River We Remember)
15.	Bob was pacing the flat, looking a little agitated. Earlier that evening, he had hissed at me when I’d tried to encourage him to use the litter tray I had brought into the house. He was bound to feel uneasy with me and his new home. I thought to myself. Things I did were bound to nib him up the wrong way. (J. Bowen The little book of Bob)
16.	We all have bad days. We all experience times when, for whatever reason, everything seems out of sorts. The world seems off-kilter. (J. Bowen The little book of Bob)
17.	Since his earliest days with me. Bob [the cat] has always seemed at his most focused when he feels under threat. Was he once attacked by a dog. for instance? Is that why he is wary of some aggressive breeds? Regardless of the past, the key thing is that he has learned from that experience. (J. Bowen The little book of Bob)
18.	Eveiy day after primary school. I’d sprawl on the sofa and watch loose spider tlireads drifting in the draft from the old windows, while Emily went to theatre practice. But if it was cancelled and she came to the office with me. she’d choose the awkward wooden stool
12
iii the comer, eyes on whatever book or magazine she’d brought with her. (C. Hardaker Mothtovm).
19.	Hurtling along the runway at a hundred and twenty miles an hour, he considered the probability that at this very moment his wife was unbolting the back door of their house to let the dog out to do its business. The sickening wrench he experienced when the plane left the ground and climbed into the sky made his heart pound in his breast. (B. Bainbridge Winter Garden)
20.	Half an hour before they landed. Enid noticed something odd. The pilot announced over the tannoy that they were flying across the border; if the passengers car ed to look below and a little to the left, land could be seen. Almost everyone peered out of the appropriate windows and uttered noises of astonishment — everyone, that is, except Enid, who was fearful of disturbing the balance of the plane, and the man on the other side of the aisle, who was leaning back in his seat, mouth open and eyes closed. Tire odd thing was that though he held his amis in a cradling position Iris briefcase had gone. (B. Bainbridge Winter Garden)
21.	These beliefs about racial inequality are deeply and historically corrosive forces in American society. Orlando Patterson succinctly makes this point when he observes that “centimes of public dishonor and ritualized humiliation by Euro-Americans were certain to engender deep distrust”. (J. Hagan. C. Shedd A Socio-Legal Conflict Theory' of Preceptions of Criminal Injustice)
22.	Thus far we have discussed variation in the perceptions of criminal injustice between and among minority and majority group youth without giving much attention to the seriousness and frequency of the contacts these youth have with the police. There are indications that the minor nature but high frequency of these contacts heavily impact the perceptions of minority youth about police. To develop this point, it is important to first get a sense of
13
youth encounters with the police in Chicago. (J. Hagan. C. Shedd A Socio-Legal Conflict Theory of Preceptions of Criminal Injustice)
23.	This collection of studies makes a point which Brockett has provocatively summarized. She asserts: “The idea of being considered a suspect is incarcerating. It is a form of punishment. This punishment. when acted upon by police, places African Americans in a state of conceptual incarceration”. (J. Hagan. C. Shedd A Socio-Legal Conflict Theory of Preceptions of Criminal Injustice)
24.	Race is, of course, a sensitive point of reference in American society, and a reference point that can become acute for minority youth during early to middle adolescence. (J. Hagan. C. Shedd A Socio-Legal Conflict Theory' of Preceptions of Criminal Injustice)
25.	Patterson’s commitment to the ideal of integration implies his belief that such a tipping or tinning point exists. (J. Hagan. C. Shedd A Socio-Legal Conflict Theory' of Preceptions of Criminal Injustice)
3.	Какие лексико-семантические трансформации использованы при переводе выделенных слов? По какой причине в данных случаях предпочтительнее не использовать эквивалентные соответствия? (мультфильм «Зверополис» Zootopia)
1.	Polar bear fin is everywhere. — Повсюду медвежья шерсть.
2.	He’s a sweet little otter. — Этот безобидный зверек.
3.	And how do you think they're gonna feel about then mayor, who is a lion?\
А что, по-вашему, скажет общественность по поводу того, что в кресле мэра хищник?'.
14
4.	I did not know it was your car. and I certainly did not know about your daughter's wedding.
Я и не знал, что это ваш лимузин. И, тем более, не знал о вашем семейном торжестве.
4.	Переведите следующие предложения; при переводе выделенных слов используйте приемы конкретизации или генерализации. Аргументируйте свой вариант перевод.
1.	Tire dwarves ate and ate, and talked and talked, and time got on. At last they pushed their chairs back, and Bilbo made a move to collect the plates and glasses. (J.R.R. Tolkien The Hobbit, or There and Back Again)
2.	Like most people, I've made bad choices in my life. More than a few of them. My decision to adopt a ginger street cat named Bob definitely wasn’t one. however. Quite the opposite: I’d say it was the wisest move I’ve ever made. In many ways, we saved each other. (J. Bowen The little book of Bob)
3.	She’d shown him round a top-floor flat in an Edwardian villa on the edge of Clapham Common and she’d liked him straight away, their age difference somehow making him even more appealing. (A. Petch The Tuscan Secret)
4.	“Want a beer?” says West.
“Apple juice,” says Tony, “please,” and West unfolds himself from his cushion and pads down the stairs in his sock feet. (M.E. Atwood The Robber Bride)
5.	The blond waiter rushed into the room. Which of course was when the stall door sprang open and Monty flew out, gliding across the wet floor like he’d been shot from a cannon. He tripped
15
and sprawled onto the tiles, landing at the waiter’s feet. (R. Winters Would Like to Meet)
6.	Mary hesitates, shocked at how young the girl looks. Her bones have only recently knit into the shape of a woman. Beneath the grime-streaked face, her features are soft — almost delicate. How old is she? Fourteen? Fifteen? (A.B. Brown Flight of the Sparrow)
7.	Her father settled the family in Salem; six years later he moved them to Wenliam. (A.B. Broun Flight of the Sparrow)
8.	Mary has not known men to be kind. Her father was strong, courageous, often reckless, sometimes ruthless, but never kind. Her husband is a forcefill man. righteous, insistent, and steadfast in his faith. He strives to be just and charitable, but kindness is not in his nature; his gentleness is confined to their marriage bed. Yet Ednnuid Parker, poor though he may be, appeals to be deeply kind. Mary remembers his wife, Ruth, who died five years ago of a wasting disease. She was a hardworking, silent woman who had not joined the church. Mary had pitied her for being yoked to a man who could not make his farm prosper. But perhaps Ruth knew deeper satisfactions. (A.B. Broun Flight of the Sparrow)
9.	They came out on a little beach nestled beneath a sandstone cliff where the river curled in on itself, forming a deep, gently swilling pool. Dragonflies darted over the water and swifts shot into and out of little holes in the cliff face where they’d built nests. (W.K. Krueger The River We Remember)
10.	With his queen. Brody had just checked Felix’s king and had lifted his coffee mug for a sip when the door to the jailhouse burst open and Heiman Ostberg rushed in. breathless. For several moments, he just stood there panting, his eyes opened impossibly wide. “Jimmy Quinn.” Ostberg gasped.
16
“What about Quinn?”
“The catfish.” Ostberg said. Then said again. “The catfish.”
To settle the little man. Brody said. “Take a deep breath. Herman, then tell me about Quinn and the catfish.”
Ostberg stared at the two men. one on either side of the chessboard, tried to calm himself, and finally, as if he couldn’t quite believe his own words, said, “They ate him. Brody. They ate him right down to the bone.” (W.K. Krueger The River We Remember}
5.	Переведите следующие предложения; аргументируйте выбор значения у выделенных полисемантических слов.
1.	And some horrible mean pail of me felt happy and smug because I had a career. Well — a job. anyway. (H. Fielding Bridget Jones Diary)
2.	He looks around his car and tries to remember what make it is. (S. Harvey The Wilderness)
3.	“So what you’re saying is that I write poetry because underneath my mean callous heartless exterior I really just want to be loved.” he said. He paused. “Is that right?” (D. Adams The Hitchhiker 's Guide to the Galaxy )
4.	He sweeps a cursory glance over the menu and then calls the waiter over.
“What’s the special today?”
“We have some very nice veal”. (A. Petch The Tuscan Secret)
5.	Monica was different. Regal, statuesque. Her yoga gear showed off her incredible figure, and her wavy shoulder-length hair gleamed rose-gold in the wintry morning light. (R. Winters Would Like to Meet)
17
6.	A hatchet sailed past my head. It thumped into the nearest tree and. too dull to bite into the wood, clattered to the ground. (W.M. Akers Westside: A Novel (A Gilda Carr Tiny Mastery))
7.	In a little while they were being constructed not only by governments and local authorities, but by robber bands, by insurgent committees, by every type of private person. (H.G. Wells The War in the Air)
8.	Evie is holding Uvo takeaway coffees in a tray as she squeezes past a gleaming red sports car parked across the pavement. She climbs up stone steps to a large dark green front door and glances back at the car, rolling her eyes. Her cheeks are flushed as she squares her shoulders, puts on a determined expression, and prepares to knock. (R. Winters Would Like to Meet)
9.	After all the others had ordered their breakfasts without so much as a please (which annoyed Bilbo veiy much), they all got up. The hobbit had to find room for them all. and filled all his spare-rooms and made beds on chairs and sofas, before he got them all stowed and went to his own little bed very tried and not altogether happy. (J.R.R. Tolkien The Hobbit, or There and Back Again)
10.	On an afternoon in early September. Mis. Cooper spies Mary carrying a loaf of bread to Bess and soon word spreads that the minister’s wife is associating with a harlot. Joseph is furious. He reminds her that she could be beaten for wifely disobedience. He tells her it is only God’s mercy that stays his hand. He forbids her to visit Bess again. Maiy protests, pointing out that Quist himself mingled with sinners, but Joseph will have none of it. “You are tainting my ministry'” he shouts, reminding her that she is a minister's wife. (A.B. Brown Flight of the Sparrow)
11.	Since his earliest days with me, Bob [the cat] has always seemed at his most focused w’hen he feels under threat. This is
18
natural. animal instinct, of course, but I’ve often wondered whether it is also to do with his background, the hardships he suffered dining his early days on the streets. (J. Bowen The little book of Bob)
12.	Paulie arrived bang on one, but I knew he’d apologise for being late.
“Sony I’m late,” he said. “What’s that you’ve got there? Vodka? Gimme one of those.”
The waiter coasted away, and Paulie looked round the room. stroking his tie down the front of his shill and shooting his chin out from time to time to ease the pressure of his collar on the folds of his neck. (H. Lauri The Gun Seller)
13.	As we looked round for the waiter. I saw my followers. Two men. sitting at a table by the door, drinking mineral water and tinning away as soon as I looked towards them... My followers got on to the bus with me. and peered out of the windows as if it was their first visit to London. When we got to Notting Hill. I leaned over to them.
“You may as well get off with me.” I said. "Save yourselves having to nin back from the next stop.” The older one looked away, but the younger one grinned. In the event, we all got off together, and they hung around on the other side of the street while I let myself back into the flat. (H. Lauri The Gun Seller)
14	.1 befriended the younger boy who shared my desk, we shared our simple snacks of dried pears or a heel of yesterday’s bread. When he was older, when school was finished, we’d camp together in a cave, where salamanders hid on cool walls that glistened in the night. (A. Petch The Tuscan Secret)
15.	The young man allowed himself to be led with a passive protest in the direction where Mrs. Dewsbiuy so impulsively hurried him. He heard that cultivated voice murmuring in the usual inaudi
19
ble tone of introduction. “Miss Barton. Mr. Alan Merrick.” (G. Allen The Woman Who Did)
16.	Then the whole room is in motion: food. wine, fire built up. A man takes his wet outer garments with a solicitous murmur. All the cardinal’s household servants are like this: comfortable, soft-footed. and kept permanently apologetic and teased. And all the cardinal^ visitors are treated in the same way. (H. Mantel Wolf Hall)
17.	We hired a private person to take us around, so we saw all the nooks and crannies of St Lucia. (BNC)
18.	He was a private person who kept himself to himself and didn’t fraternise with neighbours but would acknowledge them. (BNC)
19.	There were roast pheasants, turkeys and boar, pizzas, pastas, caviar, salads, gelatin, pies and many other yummy goodies. (BNC)
20.	A dedicated entertainment room has been wired up for surround-sound speakers and other home-cinema goodies. (BNC)
21.	We help replace the lost mobility with crutches, prosthetics, and other ambulatory devices. (BNC)
22.	Douglas has suffered goodness knows how many strokes and almost had to learn speech and ambulatory' skills over from scratch. (BNC)
23.	To support the vaulting of this ambulatory' a new wall was built round the martyrium. (C. Headlam The Story of Chartres)
24.	There are a potentially infinite number of haircuts, colorings and treatments offered by scores of hair salons and barbershops. (A. Cooban. CNN)
20
25.	Four singers from Bolton helped a top ladies’ barbershop group win the European Barbershop Singing Championships in Holland. (E. Groves. NEWS)
6. Переведите следующие отрывки из рассказа Ч. Диккенса «Рождественская песнь в прозе: Святочный рассказ с привидениями», обращая особое внимание на выделенные лексические единицы. В каких случаях переводческое решение обусловлено знанием экстралингвистического контекста, а в каких — широким или узким контекстом?
1.	“There’s another fellow,' muttered Scrooge, who overheard him: “my clerk, with fifteen shillings a week, and a wife and family, talking about a merry Christmas. I’ll retire to Bedlam.” This lunatic, in letting Scrooge’s nephew out. had let two other people in.
2.	He lived in chambers which had once belonged to his deceased partner. They were a gloomy suite of rooms.
3.	Once upon a time — of all the good days in the year, on Christmas Eve — old Scrooge sat busy in his counting-house ...“My spirit never walked beyond our counting-house — mark me; in life my spir it never roved beyond the narrow limits of our moneychanging hole: and weary journeys lie before me!”
4.	...though the Ghost sat perfectly motionless, its hair, and skirts, and tassels were still agitated as by the hot vapour from an oven.
5.	...the spectre's voice disturbed the very marrow in his bones.
РАЗДЕЛ 2
ГРАММАТИЧЕСКИЕ И СИНТАКСИЧЕСКИЕ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИИ ПРИ ПЕРЕВОДЕ
1. Сравните данные ниже переводы. Какие лингвокультурологические различия влияют на выбор гендера при переводе выделенных слов? Как выбор переводческой стратегии влияет на передачу гендера? Как диахронически изменялись тенденции в выборе стратегии перевода — доместикации или форе-низации — при передаче гендера?
L Carroll Alice's Adventures in Wonderland
Ch. VI. Pig and Pepper
For a minute or hvo she stood looking at the house, and wondering what to do next, when suddenly a footman in lively came running out of the wood — (she considered him to be a footman because he was in lively: otherwise, judging by his face only, she would have called him a fish) — and rapped loudly at the door with his knuckles. It was opened by another footman in lively, with a round face, and large eyes like a frog; and both footmen. Alice noticed, had powdered hail* that curled all over their heads. The Fish-Footman began by producing from wider his aim a great letter. nearly as large as himself, and this he handed over to the other, saying, in a solemn tone, “For the Duchess. An invitation from the Queen to play croquet.” The Frog-Footman repeated, in the same solemn tone.
1.	Соня постояла, поглядела, не знаеть на что решиться. Вдругь. откуда ни возьмись, изъ лЪсу выбЪгаетъ лакей. Соня
22
приняла его за лакея, потому что на немъ была ливрея, но голова и лицо у него были рыбьи. Лакей сталь громко стучаться кула-комъ въ дверь. Ему отворилъ другой лакей, круглолицый, глаза на выкатЬ. точь въ точь лягушка. Лакей-рыба вытащилъ изъ-подъ мышки огромный, чуть ли не съ него ростомъ конвертъ и переда ль его другому лакею.
— Пиковой княгинЪ приглашеше отъ червонной крали на игру въ крокеть, — важно произнесъ лакей-рыба. Лакей-лягушка съ такою же важностью принялъ конвертъ. {Соня в царстве дива, Поросеночек. Пер. анонимный. 1879)
2.	Несколько минут стояла Алиса, смотря на домик и раздумывая, что ей делать дальше, как вдруг из леса выбежал лакей и громко постучал в дверь домика. Алиса приняла его за лакея только потому, что он был в ливрее; если бы ее не было на нем. она сочла бы его за рыбу. Дверь отворил другой лакей, тоже в ливрее; у него было круглое лицо и выпученные, как у лягушки, глаза. У обоих лакеев волосы были напудрены и в локонах. Алисе очень хотелось знать, что будет дальше. Она выглянула из-за дерева и стала прислушиваться. Лакей-рыба вынул из-под мышки огромный конверт, величиной чуть не с самого себя, и, протянув его другому лакею, торжественно проговорил:
— Герцогине от королевы приглашение на крокет.
Лакей-лягушка также торжественно повторил его слова. {Поросенок и перец. Пер. А. Рождественской, 1912)
3.	С минуту она стояла и смотрела в раздумье на дом. Вдруг из лесу выбежал ливрейный лакей и забарабанил в дверь. (Что это лакей, она решила по ливрее: если же судить по его внешности, это был просто лещ.) Ему открыл другой ливрейный лакей с круглой физиономией и выпученными глазами, очень похожий на .лягушонка. Алиса заметила, что у обоих на голове пудреные парики с длинными локонами. Лакей-Лещ вы
23
нул из-под мышки огромное письмо (величиной с него самого, не меньше) и передал его Лягушонку.
— Герцогине, — произнес он с необычайной важностью. — От Королевы. Приглашение на крокет.
Лягушонок принял письмо и так же важно повторил его слова. {Поросенок и перец. Пер. Н. Демуровой. 1967)
4.	Она уже минуты две стояла в нерешительности, разглядывая дом. как вдруг из леса выбежал ливрейный лакей и изо всей мочи забарабанил в дверь. Алиса догадалась, что это ливрейный лакей, потому что на нем была ливрея; судя же по лицу, это был просто карась. Дверь отворилась, и из дому вышел Швейцар, тоже в .ливрее, с круглой физиономией и выпученными, как у лягушки, глазами — точь-в-точь взрослый головастик. У обоих на головах были пудреные парики с длинными завитыми буклями. Лакей Карась начал с того, что вытащил из-под мышки огромный конверт (чуть ли не больше его самого) и с важным видом вручил его Головастику.
— Герцогине, — величественно произнес он. — От Королевы. Приглашение на вечерний крокет.
Швейцар-Головастик с тем же величественным видом повторил все слово в слово. {Глава шестая, в которой встречаются поросенок и перец. Пер. Б. Заходера, 1971)
5.	В то время как она разглядывала домик и размышляла, войти ли в него, из чащи выскочило странное существо в лакейской ливрее. Глаза круглые. Рот выпяченный, как у рыбы. Существо и впрямь напоминало что-то речное. Этот Речной Лакей стал громко колотить в дверь. Она распахнулась, и на пороге появится другой лакей. Он был точь-в-точь как первый. Только наоборот. Глаза выпучены. Рот круглый. И напоминал что-то болотное, лягушачье. У обоих лакеев на голове были мудреные пудреные парики. Речной Лакей вытащил из-за пазухи конвер-
24
тище чуть ли не с него величиной и торжественно вручил его Болотному Лакею:
— Для Герцогини. От Королевы. Приглашение на крокет.
Болотный Лакей так же торжественно принял конверт и громко повторил слово в слово. {Перченый поросенок. Пер. Л. Яхнина, 1991)
6.	Алиса остановилась и постояла минуту-другую, осматривая издали домик и соображая, как ей быть дальше. Вдруг из лесу выбежал лакей в ливрее (только благодаря ливрее она признала в нем лакея, судя же только по его плоской вытянутой физиономии, можно было смело назвать его лососем) и громко затарабанил в дверь костяшками пальцев. В дверях показалась пучеглазая округлая (совсем как у лягушки) физиономия другого лакея, наряженного также в ливрею. Алиса заметила. что у обоих лакеев головы были просто усыпаны густо напудренными завитушками. Лосось-Лакей начал с того, что вынул из-под мышки конверт величиной чуть ли не с него самого, и передав из рук в руки другому лакею, торжественно провозгласил:
— Для Герцогини. Приглашение от Королевы на игру в крокет.
Лягушка-Лакей повторил так же торжественно, слегка изменив порядок слов. (Поросенок и перец. Пер. А. Кононенко, 2000)
7.	Минуту или две она стояла около дома, не зная, что делать дальше, как вдруг из леса внезапно выскочил лакей в ливрейной паре (Алиса посчитала его лакеем только потому что он был в ливрее: иначе, судя по его лицу, она бы точно назвала его рыбой, даже точнее — Сазаном), — и что есть силы стал барабанить в дверь. Ему открыл другой лакей в ливрее, с круглым лицом и большими глазами, как у жабы. Оба лакея (заметила Алиса)
25
были в высоких, сильно завитых и очень напудренных париках. Лакей-Сазан вытащил из-под мышки письмо чудовищного размера и чрезвычайно торжественно передал его другому лакею, сопроводив это невероятно помпезной речью:
— Для ее высочества герцогини! Приглашение Королевы сыграть в крокет!
Лакей-Жаба повторил вслед за ним тем же торжественным тоном. {Перец и поросъ. Пер. А. Козлова, 2019)
2.	Какие лингвокультурологические различия в трактовке гендера в английском и русском языках можно выявить на основе данных сказок Р. Киплинга?
a)	The Cat that Walked by Himself (title of the story).
6)	The Jungle Book.
“Give me permission to come with you,” said Kaa. “A blow more or less is nothing to thee. Bagheera or Baloo, but I — I have to wait and wait for days in a wood-path and climb half a night on the mere chance of a young ape. Psshaw! The branches are not what they were when I was young. Rotten twigs and dry boughs are they all. I came very near to falling on my last Inuit— very near indeed — and the noise of my slipping, for my tail was not tight wrapped aroiuid the tree, waked the Bandar-log. and they called me most evil names.”
“Footless, yellow earth-worm.” said Bagheera wider his whiskers, as though he were trying to remember something.
Bagheera hwried forward, at the quick panther-canter. Kaa said nothing, but. strive as Bagheera might, the huge.
Rock-python held level with him. When they came to a hill stream. Bagheera gained, because he bowided across while Kaa swam, his head and two feet of his neck deal ing the water, but on level ground Kaa made up the distance.
3.	Сравните оригинальные тексты, приведенные в задании 2, с их переводами ниже и определите стратегии перевода (доместикация, форенизация) сказок Р. Киплинга и мультфильма
26
«Книга джунглей». Какую стратегию выбрали бы вы для создания гендерных характеристик?
«Кошка, гулявшая сама по себе». Пер. К. Чуковского (1929)
«Кот, который плял сам по себе». Пер. Е. Чистякова-Вэр (1991), С. Замойскнй (2009)
«О Коте, который плял сам по себе». Пер. В. Познер (2015)
«Маугли: Из книги джунглей». Пер. С. Займовского (1928)
— Дело вот в чем. Каа. — сказала Багира. — Эти похитители орехов и подбиратели пальмовых листьев украли нашего Человеческого Детеныша, о котором ты. может быть, слышал. Наш мальчик в руках Бандар-Лога, а мы знаем, что во всех Джунглях они боятся только тебя.
— Они боятся меня одного. И не без причины. — заметил Каа. — Болтливы, глупы и тщеславны — тщеславны, глупы и болтливы эти обезьяны. Но Человеку в их руках не поздоровится. Как, ты сказала, они меня обзывали?
— Червем, земляным червем. — ответила Багира.
— Мы их научим хорошо выражаться о своем господине. Ааа-ссс! Мы укрепим их слабую память. — прошипел Каа.
Она скачками пустилась вперед. Каа не говорил ни слова, но сколько Пантера ни прибавляла ходу, огромный Каменный Питон держался наравне с нею.
Мультфильм «Книга джунглей» (2016)
— Багира, а я везде тебя искал! Я думал, ты ушел! (51:14)
4.	Переведите данные отрывки, изменяя род или число у выделенных существительных.
1.	People are always fascinated by the special bond that exists between Bob and me. How did we come to form such strong ties? (J. Bowen The little book of Bob)
27
2.	There is a growing body of evidence that suggests that if we never let our mind wander or be bored for a moment, we pay a price — poor memory, mental fog. and fatigue. (J. Kwik Limitless)
3.	We have just arrived at the Waldorf, a townhouse complex at the edge of the bridge and made of crumbling salmon brick, flapping blue tarps draped eternally over its northeast comer. (D.J. Chariandy Brother)
4.	Mother worked as a cleaner in office buildings and malls and hospitals. She was also one of those black mothers, unwilling to either seek or accept help ftom others. Unwilling to suffer any small blow to her sense of independence or her vision of eventual arrival. (D.J. Chariandy Brother)
5.	My job! It was being able to make the perfect pairing between one of our writers and a producer or an incredible production company. It was the horns I’d spent in that cramped office editing scripts, completely lost in helping a writer find their way. The edits that weren’t strictly a part of our sendee — I just loved doing them. (R. Winters Would Like to Meet)
6.	One evening, my parents said I should write out my pieces of music. Notating music was a drag, especially away from the piano. There were so many hidden rules about stems going up or down. I kept making mistakes, crossing them out. I started over ten times, at least. I was in tears (not an infrequent occurrence) by the fifth time, and I thought the task impossible — howr did any composer ever write music? — until my mom allowed me to use Wite-Out. (J. Denk. Every' Good Boy Does Fine: A Love Story', in Music Lessons)
7. It was a veiy w^ell-fed cat. battle-scarred and insolent, and it staled at Egan coldly out of narrow-ed yellow7 eyes, the tip of its tail
28
switching slowly back and forth. Then suddenly it reached out a claw and scratched him across the cheek. (N. Babbit The Kneeknock Rise)
8.	The clock was handsome. Uncle Anson, his mild face beaming with pride, wound it carefully and set the hands near twelve. They stood and listened as the clock began to tick towaid the hour. Even Ada. with Sweetheart [cat] in her aims, came up to watch. Suddenly there was a whining and a click and out came a little bird. Jerkily it spread its wings, wings made of real red feathers tipped with black. Suddenly, the cat shot from Ada’s aims and in a tangle of fiu and red feathers the clock bounced off its peg and fell to the floor. And in the middle of the smashed debris sat Sweetlieart. his yellow eyes glowing, and in his jaws the broken wooden body of the little bird. (N. Babbit The Kneeknock Rise)
9.	She and Edmund say little as they hasten over the hill to his farm. (A.B. Brown Flight of the Sparrow)
10.	Even in the best circumstance, childbirth is a perilous business. and if Bess should die — or the child be bom a monster — it could set her sister’s mind against childbearing for life. There is no breeze; the heavy air reeks with the stink of pig offal and swamp water. The branches of the great chestnut tree by the meetinghouse droop while its leaves curl and wilt. They look gray in the light. Even the birds are still, as if they, too. sense the evils of the day. (A.B. Broun Flight of the Sparrow)
5. Прокомментируйте перевод выделенных фрагментов текста с точки зрения изменения состава предложения.
1.	We immediately rushed to the windows. I was particularly excited because, by that point. I was already obsessed with superheroes (I still am). (J. Kwik Limitless)
29
Весь класс среагировал на полученную информацию, как и все дети: мы сразу бросились к окну. Я быт особенно взволнован. потому что к тому моменту я уже фанател по супергероям (как и сейчас).
2.	As you can imagine, school became an ordeal for me. (J. Kwik Limitless)
Как можно догадаться, школа стала для меня тяжелым испытанием.
3.	You can learn to be. do, have, and share with no constraints. I wrote this book to prove this to you. (J. Kwik Limitless)
Можно научиться быть, делать, иметь и делиться без ограничений. Я написал эту книгу, чтобы доказать это вам.
4.1 don’t need to tell you how completely inundated each of us is with digital details. (J. Kwik Limitless)
Нет смысла говорить вам. насколько каждый из нас завален цифровыми деталями.
5.	I dissected the music structure. Section One — of course, the trills. This section depended on repetition, a repetition you couldn’t possibly expect, that lasted way too long. (J. Denk. Every' Good Boy Does Fine: A Love Story, in Music Lessons)
Трели повторяются, повторяются неожиданно и длятся бесконечно.
6.	Не realised suddenly that if in his absence a similar tiling happened to his wife, there would be no means of contacting him. If she was injured tomorrow she could be dead and buried by the time he returned. He was so shaken at the thought that his lips trembled.
30
“What’s wrong?” demanded Nina. “Are you full of regrets?” (B. Bainbridge Winter Garden)
Он робко взглянул в иллюминатор и не увидел ничего, кроме голубого неба и редких облаков. Внезапно он понял, что если в его отсутствие что-то случиться с женой, с ним невозможно будет связаться. Если вдруг завтра что-то случится с ней. и она вдруг умрет, то к его возвращению ее уже похоронят. Он так живо себе это представил, что у него даже задрожали губы.
— Что случилось? — спросила Нина. — Уже жалеешь, что поехал?
6. Переведите следующие отрывки, по необходимости заменяя члены предложения, изменяя состав предложения (напр., англ, личное предложение —► рус. безличное предложение) или изменяя структуру предложения (напр., англ, сложное предложение — рус. простое предложение).
1.	When Su Yin finally went to bed her back was stiff and her feet were cold. (Z. Cho The Fish Bowl)
2.	“Shall I order champagne?” cried Ashbumer. dazzled by her big blue eyes seen at such close range. (B. Bainbridge Winter Garden)
3.	She’s veiy nervous. That’s another reason why I hated like hell for her to know I got the axe again. (J.M. Salinger The Catcher in the Rye)
4.	Do you have too much to process but not enough time? We’re privileged to live in a world with so much unfettered access to information. (J. Kwik Limitless)
5.	Doesn’t that make you wonder what happens if you don’t have downtime? (J. Kwik Limitless)
31
6.	Guilford didn’t fear what was new. (R.Ch. Wilson Darwinia)
7.	He was on the verge of ordering the boats prepared and cargo nets rigged when his Second Officer lowered his looking glass and said. “Sir. I don’t think it’s wreckage after all.” (R.Ch. Wilson Darwinia)
8.1 am obliged, therefore, with some reluctance, to do the thing myself. (S. Caudwell Thus Was Adonis Murdered)
9. For the occasional night or two, I am sure of a welcome at Timothy’s flat in Middle Temple Lane. (S. Caudwell Thus Was Adonis Murdered)
10	.1 had at first been uncertain where I should stay. (S. Caudwell Thus Was Adonis Murdered)
11.	On a hunch, she gets up and tiptoes over to West’s desk, where he keeps his phone. (M.E. Atwood The Robber Bride)
12.	He opens the window to feel what month it is. It isn’t a month. There aren’t months. There are just happenings, a lack of signposts. (S. Harvey The Wilderness)
13.	You hesitate as you reach the door, on the verge of knocking out of sheer curiosity, but then you hear the ugly voices... The voices fall, and you suddenly realize you’re standing here outside the door, and you conscience gooses you with a red-hot trident: “Don’t you know it’s rude to eavesdrop?” It screeches in your ear. You wince, and tiptoe guiltily away, trying not to think too hard about wfiat w-ho-ever they were were talking about. (Ch. Stross Halting State)
14.	It took Ashbumer some time to stow7 Bernard’s belongings satisfactorily in the overhead lockers. Bernard stared impassively out of the starboard porthole as though it was no concern of his.
32
“You’re in my seat.” protested Ashbumer, at last.
“Sony, mate.” said Bernard. “Once down, I stay down.” And he slapped his leg obscurely. (B. Bainbridge Winter Garden)
15.	“Otto is never happy in one place for long,” said Uncle Anson. “He’s a funny fellow7 in some ways, and then in some ways he’s remarkable. Only thing he likes is reading and verses.” (N. Babbit The Kneeknock Rise)
16.	She had begun blushing her hair, and it wasn’t until now that I realized it was already six o’clock on a Friday night and she was just getting out of bed. (L. Weisberger The Devil Wears Prada)
17.	My curiosity catches like a white flame, and I work out the stitches with my nail, staring out the w indow' so that I won’t draw' Miles’s attention. (E. Murphy The Disappearances)
18.	Bess sobs; tears run from the comers of her eyes and Maiy’s own eyes blur. Beyond the door, Edmund is silent. (A.B. Brown Flight of the Sparrow)
19.	A man appealed on the comer the cat had been watching, appeared so suddenly and silently you’d have thought he’d just popped out of the ground. (J.K. Rowling Hany Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone)
20.	A short time past. while Henry & I breakfasted. Mr. Evans arrived hugger-mugger, importuning my doctor friend to attend to a reclusive neighbor, one Widow' Bryden. who was thrown from her horse on a stony bog. (D. Mitchell Cloud Atlas)
21.	It took more brains than Virgil had to become a surgeon. It was far easier to become a cop. (W.M. Akers Westside: A Novel (A Gilda Carr Thy Mystery)}
33
22.	Her fingers strained to extract a caramel fi'om the sticky mass. She placed it in her mouth, wary. A flicker of half-suppressed pleasure lit up her face as the caramel melted across her tongue. (W.M. Akers Westside: A Novel (A Gilda Carr Tiny Mystery))
23.	When the painting was finished, the church gave a little party, and an old woman climbed the pulpit to make an unasked-for speech. She raved about the vanished, who she believed had been taken — each and every one of them — by evil angels who swept through the dark like the devil’s own press gang. I drained my drink and left the party, unwilling to listen to anyone who sounded so like my father. (W.M. Akers Westside: A Novel (A Gilda Carr Tiny Mystery))
24.	One house was occupied by a retired farm bailiff, who was reported to have ‘well feathered his own nest’ during his years of stewardship. (F. Thompson Lark Rise)
25.	Some of the cottages had two bedrooms, others only one, in which case it had to be divided by a screen or curtain to accommodate parents and children. Often the big boys of a family slept downstairs, or were put out to sleep in the second bedroom of an elderly couple whose own children were out in the world. Except at holiday times, there were no big girls to provide for, as they were all out in service. Still, it w7as often a tight fit. for children swarmed, eight, ten, or even more in some families, and although they were seldom all at home together, the eldest often being married before the youngest was bom. beds and shakedowns w ere often so closely packed that the iiunates had to climb over one bed to get into another. (F. Thompson Lark Rise)
7. Укажите предложения с одиночными союзами, полисинде-тоном, асиндетоном. Переведите данные предложения, при
34
необходимости используя перестановки и парцелляцию. Прокомментируйте свой перевод.
1.	Later, Mary will trace the fust signs of the Lord’s displeasure back to a hot July morning in 1672 when she pauses on her way to the bam to watch the sun rise burnt orange over the meeting house. (B. Bainbridge Birthday' Boys)
2.	He was in the same agonising position now, head lowered as he read the duty-free list over and over, hemmed in by Enid, who was dozing, and the man on the other side of the aisle who, during the last quarter of an hour. had added winking to his repertoire of nodding and smiling. (B. Bainbridge Winter Garden)
3.	She and Edmund say little as they hasten over the hill to his farm. Neither has much breath to speak. Though it is just past daw. the sun already pours down so fiercely that Maiy has to wipe her face with her apron many times. (A.B. Brown Flight of the Sparrow)
4.	It was a Sunday, the fir st Sunday of July, the sky was bright and clear, and the ah was hot and sticky, and it was one of those days when you feel like you’re stuck in a dream, and you can’t escape from it no matter how hard you tiy. (J. Vandenneer Annihilation)
5.	Guilford didn’t understand what was happening when his brother called everyone to the window; and when they all rushed out the kitchen door, even his grandfather, to stand gazing at the night sky, he thought at fust this excitement had something to do with his birthday. (R.Ch. Wilson Darwinia)
6.	It was a dark and stormy night, and the rain was coming down in sheets, and the w ind was howling through the trees, and the thunder was crashing and booming, and I was huddled under a tr ee, trying to keep warm, and I was shivering and shaking, and I was
35
cold and wet and miserable, and I knew that I was lost. (N. Gainian The Graveyard Book)
7.	It was a cold and snowy day and the snow' was falling heavily and the streets w7ere covered in a thick blanket of white. and I was walking home from school, and I was tired and hungry and cold, and I was looking forward to getting home and wanning up by the file, and then I saw7 him. standing on the comer, and I knew’ that something w as wrong, and I felt a sudden fear, and I knew7 that I w7as in danger. (M. Atwood The Handmaid's Tale)
8.	She’s too young, it’s too late. w7e come apart, my amis are held, and the edges go dark and nothing is left but a little window, a very little w indow, like the wrong end of a telescope, like the window on a Christmas card, an old one, night and ice outside, and within a candle, a shining tree, a family I can hear the bells even, sleigh bells, from the radio, old music, but through this window I can see. small but veiy clear, I can see her, going aw7ay from me. through the trees which are already turning, red and yellow, holding out her amis to me, being carried aw7ay. (M. Atwood The Handmaid's Tale)
9.	The door w7as ajar, so I pushed it open and stepped inside, and I was immediately struck by the smell, a strange and unfamiliar smell, like a mixture of mold and decay, and I realized that the room was empty, except for a chair and a table and a lamp, and there wras a window; but it w as covered by a heavy curtain, and I could hear the sound of footsteps outside, getting closer and closer, and I knew’ that I w7as trapped. (C. McCarthy The Road)
10.	Most tourists sat though the show7 after we announced Hilola’s death, but a few asked for their money back. Those who had travelled the shortest distances always seemed for some reason to be the angriest. I came to hate the complainers, with their dry and crumbly lipsticks and their wrinkled rage and their stupid.
36
flaccid, old-people sun hats with brims the breadth of Saturn’s lings. (K. Rassel Swamplandia!)
11.	Fortune came to my aid: a former colleague of mine, now the owner of a house and two cats in Islington, had arranged to spend the month in the United States of America and had realized, at a late stage, the difficulty of taking the cats with him to that country — he wrote in piteous terms, begging me to come and care for them. Happy to be of assistance to a fellow7 scholar, I consented. (S. Caudwell Thus Was Adonis Murdered)
12.	By some curious chance one morning long ago in the quiet of the world, when there was less noise and more green, and the hobbits were still numerous and prosperous, and Bilbo Baggins w as standing at his door after breakfast smoking an enormous long wooden pipe that reached nearly down to his w-oolly toes (neatly bmshed) — Gandalf came by. (J.R.R. Tolkien The Hobbit)
13.	The hobbit felt quite crushed, and as there seemed nothing else to do he did go to bed: and while the dwarves w ere still singing songs he chopped asleep, still puzzling his little head about Beom, till he dreamed a dream of hundreds of black bears dancing slow7 hea\y dances round and round in the moonlight in the courtyard. (J.R.R. Tolkien The Hobbit)
14.	This is what he promised to do for them. He wrould provide ponies for each of them, and a horse for Gandalf, for their journey to the forest, and he wrould lade them with food to last them for weeks with care, and packed so as to be as easy as possible to carry — nuts, flour, sealed jars of dried fruits. and red earthenware pots of honey, and twice-baked cakes that wrould keep good a long time, and on a little of which they could mar ch far. (J.R.R. Tolkien The Hobbit)
15.	He would not probably say that the book was accurate, but he would be able to declare that it was delightful reading, that the
37
feminine characteristics of the queens had been touched with a masterly hand, and that the work was one which would certainly make its way into all drawing-rooms. (A. Trollope The Way' We Live Nou)
16.	And she used her beauty not only to increase her influence. — as is natural to women who are well-favoiued. — but also with a well-considered calculation that she could obtain material assistance in the procuring of bread and cheese, which was very necessary to her. by a prudent adaptation to her purposes of the good tilings with which providence had endow ed her. (A. Trollope The Way' We Live Now)
17.	Mrs. Dewsbury’s lawn was held by those who knew it the loveliest in Surrey. The smooth and springy sw7ard that stretched in front of the house was all composed of a tiny yellow7 clover. It gave beneath the foot like the pile on velvet. One’s gaze looked forth from it upon the endless middle distances of the oakclad Weald, with the uncertain blue line of the South Downs in the background. Ridge behind ridge, the long, low7 hills of pahidina limestone stood out in successive tiers, each thrown up against its neighbor by the misty haze that broods eternally over the wooded valley; till, roaming across them all. the eye rested at last on the rearing scarp of Chanctonbuiy Ring, faintly pencilled on the furthest skyline. (G. Allen The Woman Who Did)
18.	I loved that woman like a second mother. I loved her to the point of tears. We were up before daylight to milk and cut kindling and draw’ her a bucket of w ater, and she met us at the door w ith a breakfast of fried mush with blackberry preserves melted over it and a spoonfill of top milk on it. and we ate standing there at the stoop in the chill and the dark, and it w as perfectly wonderfill. (M. Robinson Gilead)
19.	It w7as hot. and there was such a sound of grasshoppers, and of wind rattling that dry grass. Then w7e scattered seeds around, bee
38
balm and coneflower and sunflower and bachelor’s button and sweet pea. When we finished, my father sat down on the ground beside his father’s grave. I think he regretted that there was nothing more for him to do. Finally he got up and brushed himself off. and we stood there together with oui miserable clothes all damp and our hands all dirty from the work, and the first crickets rasping and the flies really beginning to bother and the birds crying out the way they do when they’re about ready to settle for the night, and my father bowed his head and began to pray, remembering his father to the Lord, and also asking the Lord’s pardon, and his father’s as well. (M. Robinson Gilead)
20.	To look at Montmorency you would imagine that he was an angel sent upon the earth. When fir st he came to live at my expense. I never thought I should be able to get him to stop long. I used to sit down and look at him and think. “Oh. that dog will never live. He will be snatched up to the bright skies in a chariot, that is what will happen to him.” But. when I had paid for about a dozen chickens that he had killed: and had dragged him. growling and kicking, by the scruff of his neck, out of a hundred and fourteen street fights; and had had a dead cat brought round for my inspection by an bate female, who called me a murderer*; and had been summoned by the man next door but one for having a ferocious dog at large, that had kept him pinned up in his own tool-shed, afraid to venture his nose outside the door for over two horns on a cold night; and had learned that the gardener, unknown to myself, had won thirty shillings by backing him to kill rats against time, then I began to think that maybe they’d let him remain on earth for a bit longer, after all. (J.K. Jerome Three man in a boat)
21.	Then we run our little boat into some quiet nook, and the tent is pitched, and the frugal supper cooked and eaten. Then the big pipes are filled and lighted, and the pleasant chat goes round in musical undertone; while, in the pauses of our talk, the river, playing round the boat, prattles strange old tales and secrets, sings low the
39
old child’s song that it has sung so many thousand years — will sing so many thousand years to come, before its voice glows harsh and old — a song that we, who have learnt to love its changing face, who have so often nestled on its yielding bosom, think, somehow, we understand, though we could not tell you in mere words the story that we listen to. (J.K. Jerome Three man in a boat)
22.	Sir William Lucas had been formerly in trade in Meryton, where he had made a tolerable fortune, and risen to the honour of knighthood by an address to the king during his mayoralty. The distinction had perhaps been felt too strongly. It had given him a disgust to his business, and to his residence in a small market town: and. in quitting them both, he had removed with his family to a house about a mile from Meryton. denominated from that period Lucas Lodge, where he could think with pleasure of his own importance, and. unshackled by business, occupy himself solely in being civil to all the world. (J. Austen Pride and Prejudice)
23.	In the loveliest town of all. w here the houses were w hite and high and the elms trees were green and higher than the houses, where the front yards were wide and pleasant and the back yards were bushy and worth finding out about, wiiere the streets sloped down to the stream and the stream flowed quietly under the bridge, wiiere the lawns ended in orchards and the orchards ended in fields and the fields ended in pastures and the pastures climbed the hill and disappeared over the top toward the wonderful wide sky, in this loveliest of all towns Stuart stopped to get a drink of sarsaparilla. (E. White Stuart Little)
24.	He had time for one subversive thought about his parents’ Nordic Pleasurelines shoulder bags — either Nordic Pleasurelines sent bags like these to every booker of its cruises as a cynical means of getting inexpensive wralk-about publicity or as a practical means of tagging the cruise participants for greater ease of handling at embarkation points or as a benign means of building espirit de coips; or
40
else Enid and Alfred had deliberately saved the bags ftom some previous Nordic Pleasurelines cniise. and. out a misguided sense of loyalty, had chosen to cany them on their upcoming cniise as well: and in either case Chip was appalled by his parents’ willingness to make themselves vectors of corporate advertising — before he shouldered the bags himself and assumed the burden of seeing LaGuardia Airport and New York City and his life and clothes and body through the disappointed eyes of his parents. (J. Franzen The Corrections)
25.	It was my first time in Amsterdam: I’d seen almost nothing of the city and yet the room itself, in its bleak, drafty, sunscrubbed beauty, gave a keen sense of Northern Europe, a model of the Netherlands in miniature: whitewash and Protestant probity, co-mingled with deep-dyed luxury brought in merchant ships from the East. I spent an unreasonable amount of time scrutinizing a tiny pair of gilt-framed oils hanging over the bureau, one of peasants skating on an ice-pond by a church, the other a sailboat flouncing on a choppy winter sea: decorative copies, nothing special, though I studied them as if they held, encrypted, some key to the secret heart of the old Flemish masters. Outside, sleet tapped at the windowpanes and drizzled over the canal; and though the brocades were rich and the carpet was soft, still the winter light carried a chilly tone of 1943, privation and austerities, weak tea without sugar and hungry to bed. (D. Tartt The Goldfinch)
8.	Укажите причастия и причастные обороты в данных предложениях. Переведите предложения, прокомментируйте перевод причастий и причастных оборотов.
1.	Having proved money-efficient, the project was put into life.
2.	Modifying and expanding earlier forms to suit their purposes, the Romans often used non-supporting columns for decorative effects.
41
3.	The Romans’ inspired, architects created a new style.
4.	The stairways were roofed over, the sheet iron covering of the cupolas being replaced with tile.
5.	The central dome dominating, the eight cupolas of St. Basil’s are all of the same general silhouette.
6.	Surrounded by an open gallery and mounted on a high knoll, the church had a broad staircase leading up from the water.
7.	A new concept of the fortress wall having been introduced by the Italians, the design of Russian churches changed.
8.	Unless otherwise stated, the golden sarcophagus will be transported to the Cairo museum.
9.	Given living trees absorb CO2 and produce oxygen, reducing the tree population further compounds the problem.
10.	Given that the presidential election process is so long and elaborate, critics point out that the US presidency is a permanent election campaign.
11.	Weather permitting, the group of divers will start their work tomorrow.
12.	It being very late, we had to spend the night in the nearest motel.
13.	There being little time left, they went on to discuss the next item.
14.	A notable example of steeply-pointed lancets being used structurally is the apsidal arcade of Westminster Abbey.
42
15.	The pointed arch of the Early English Gothic is more efficient at distributing the weight of the stonework above it. making it possible to span higher and wider gaps using narrower columns.
9.	Укажите причастия и причастные обороты в данных предложениях. Переведите предложения, прокомментируйте свой перевод.
1.	Having him flirt with me had made me feel young and attractive, something I hadn’t felt in a very long time. (A. Can A song at sunset)
2.	The yellow wrap of newspaper, being very old. broke apart like the galettes we ate at Epiphany... (P. Carey Parrot and Olivier in America)
3.	Left to herself. Mi s. Han is then indulged in one of her favorite pastimes, which was the reading of old newspapers. One of her greatest pleasures when she went to the fishmonger’s was to read two-year-old pages of the Mirror lying on the counter and used for wrapping. (P. Gallico Mrs. Arris Goes to York)
4.	Always interested in weddings. Mis. Hanis gave these announcements more undivided attention, until she came upon one which caused her little eyes almost to pop out of her head, and led her to emit a shriek. (P Gallico Mrs. Arris Goes to New York)
5.	Dogged by these uncertainties, willing her ghost to come, he rid the house of milk, knowing Helen’s near-phobia of it. (S. Harvey The Wilderness)
6.	Both hands were occupied, holding to her breast a bag. a small hat. a half-finished panel of petit-point embroidery and a vast, disordered sheaf of Sunday newspapers. (E. Waugh A handful of dust)
43
7.	But after two weeks they came to a river once more, flowing deep and swift to the south-east. (E. Waugh A handful of dust)
8.	All round them the voices of the bush whistled and croaked, changing with the hours as the night wore on to morning. (E. Waugh A handful of dust)
9.	She still stood between the door and the table, looking lost, in her bright summer clothes. (E.Waugli Л handful of dust)
10.	He lay awake in the darkness crying. (E. Waugh A handful of dust)
11.	Looking up from the card table. Tony saw beyond the trees the ramparts and battlement of the City; it was quite near him. (E. Waugh A handful of dust)
12.	Mr. Todd retired to sleep at sundown, leaving a little lamp burning — a handwoven wick drooping from a pot of beef fat — to keep away vampire bats. (E. Waugh A handful of dust)
13.	The old man sat astride his hammock opposite Tony, fixing him throughout with his eyes, and following the words, soundlessly, with his lips. (E. Waugh A handful of dust)
14.	That evening at supper, a brief meal of farine and dried beef, eaten just before sundown. Tony renewed the subject. (E. Waugh A handful of dust)
15.	The moment I knew Bob and I were destined to be together came, one unforgettable day, when he jumped on the bus to travel with me into London. I’d shooed him away after he’d followed me to the bus stop from my flat and. as the bus had pulled away, had assumed he’d been left behind on the pavement. But suddenly, there he was, sitting on the seat next to me. curled up next to my guitar
44
case as if he too was part of my luggage. (J. Bowen The little book of Bob')
16.	By that time they felt like breakfast, and being very hungry they did not turn their noses from the trolls’ larder. (J.R.R. Tolkien The Hobbit)
17.	The dwarves and the hobbit, helped by the wise advice of Efrond and the knowledge and memory of Gandalf, took the right road to the right pass. (J.R.R. Tolkien The Hobbit)
18.	She talked to Elizabeth again and again; coaxed and threatened her by turns. (J. Austen Pride and Prejudice)
19.	The united efforts of his two unfeeling sisters and of his over-powering friend, assisted by the attractions of Miss Dar cy and the amusements of London might be too much, she fear ed, for the str ength of liis attachment. (J. Austen Pride and Prejudice)
20.	At first there seemed danger of Lydia’s engrossing him entirely, for she was a most determined talker; but being likewise extr emely fond of lottery tickets, she soon gr ew- too much interested in the game, too eager in making bets and exclaiming after prizes to have attention for anyone in particular. (J. Austen Pride and Prejudice)
21.	Elizabeth passed quietly out of the room. Jane and Kitty followed, but Lydia stood her ground, determined to hear all she could; and Charlotte, detained first by the civility of Mr. Collins, whose inquiries after herself and all her family were very minute, and then by a little curiosity, satisfied herself with walking to the window7 and pretending not to hear. (J. Austen Pride and Prejudice)
22.	In late June of 1675, word comes from Boston that Indians have attacked the village of Swansea, in Plymouth Colony. In
45
mid-August Indians lay siege to Quabaug, a frontier town west of Lancaster. A fortnight later, on a hot Sabbath morning, they attack farms in the north sector of Lancaster itself, butchering George Benet and all his animals outside his bam and leaving Lidia widowed with five babes and no relation to come to her aid. (A.B. Broun Flight of the Sparrow')
23.	Bess is silent, bending to her stitching. (A.B. Broun Flight of the Sparrow')
24.	With nightfall coming on, they gathered close to one another before the fire. Uncle Anson smoked his pipe and dreamed into the flames, devising new and daring clocks, while Sweetheart, curled into a furry wad in Ada’s lap, looked the very picture of innocence, a picture which from time to time he spoiled by stretching out a long foreleg and arching the claws wickedly from a taut, spread paw. Annabelle dozed on the hearth. snoring softly, and Egan poked at the fil e with a stick, so nearly asleep that he jumped when Aunt Gertrude spoke to him. She was sitting on the bench, sewing. (N. Babbit The Kneeknock Rise)
25.	The eighty-first Lord of Stormhold lay dying in his chamber. Three of his sons remained alive: Primus, Tertius and Septimus. They stood, solidly, uncomfortably, on the right of the chamber, shifting from foot to foot, scratching their cheeks and noses, as if they were shamed by the silent repose of their dead brothers. They did not glance across the room toward their dead brothers, acting — as best they could — as if they and their father were the only ones in that cold room, where the windows were huge holes in the granite through which the cold winds blew. And whether this is because they could not see their dead brothers, or because, having murdered them (one apiece, save Septimus, who had killed both Quintus and Sextus, poisoning the former with a dish of spiced eels, and. rejecting artifice for efficiency and gravity, simply pushing Sextus off a precipice one night as they were admiring a lightning storm far below), they chose
46
to ignore them, scaled of guilt, or revelation, or ghosts, their father did not know. (N. Gaiman Stardust)
10.	Укажите абсолютные конструкции в приведенных ниже отрывках (The Nominative Absolute Participial Construction, The Prepositional Absolute Participial Construction, The Nominative Absolute Construction, The Prepositional Absolute Construction). Переведите отрывки; прокомментируйте перевод абсолютных конструкций.
1.	It was chilly that April, with the awkward changeability of English spring. (N. Gaiman Stardust)
2.	With Madelaine ciuled up on the passenger seat. I lit another cigarette. (L. Weisberger The Devil Wears Prada)
3.	Outside, all was activity and cheer. It was Christmas, lights twinkling on the canal bridges at night. (D. Tartt The Goldfinch)
4.	I ran upstairs, but when I got to my door I realized I’d shut it behind me with the key inside. (H. Fielding Bridget Jones Diary)
5.	On they went. Golhim flip-flapping ahead, hissing and cursing; Bilbo behind going as softly as a hobbit can. (J.R.R. Tolkien The Hobbit)
6.	A nice pickle they were all in now: all neatly tied up in sacks, with tliree angry trolls... sitting by them, arguing whether they should roast them slowly, or mince them fine and boil them, or just sit on them one by one and squash them into jelly; and Bilbo up in a bush, with his clothes and his skin tom. not daring to move for fear they should hear him. (J.R.R. Tolkien The Hobbit)
7.	My dreams for the most part were muddied with the same indeterminate anxiety that bled through into my waking hours: court
47
cases, luggage burst open on the tarmac with my clothes scattered everywhere. (D. Tartt The Goldfinch)
8.1 sat by the window staling out at the canal with my camel’s-hair coat thrown over my clothes — for I’d left New York in a hurry and the tilings I’d brought weren’t warm enough, even indoors. (D. Tartt The Goldfinch)
9.	The hotel staff moved with hushed voices and quiet footsteps, they didn’t quite see me, the American man in 27 who never came down during the day. (D. Tartt The Goldfinch)
10.	But instead of turning off the alarm, he stalled trying to grab the baby out of the backseat with Magda screaming at him. (H. Fielding Bridget Jones Diary)
11.	Mr. Bayswater looked a little startled at this, but detached himself from the group and followed Mis. Hanis topside to the boat deck of the Ville de Paris, where in the starlit darkness, with the great ship leaving a phosphorescent trail behind her, they stood by the rail and looked out over the sea. (P. Gallico Mrs. "Arris Goes to New York)
12.	"Look, we’re giving you a break. Take it or leave it!” With the thunder dying, he knew he would take, and he knew he would hate it. (R. Bradbury Tyrannosaurus Rex)
13.	With the film half finished, in the tenth week. Clarence summoned thirty of the office staff, technicians and a few friends to see a rough cut of the picture. (R. Bradbury Tyrannosaurus Rex)
14.	Tom thought about it, a cigarette dead in his fingers. (R. Bradbury The sunset harp)
48
15.	Eckels swayed on the padded seat, his face pale, his jaw stiff. (R. Bradbury A sound of thunder)
16.	It was a grey, still afternoon, with the dark-green dogs-mer-cury spreading under the hazel copse, and all the trees making a silent effort to open their buds. (D.H. Lawrence Lady' Chatterley’s Lover)
17.	‘'Get him on the ground.” the woman shouted. “On the ground!” Next, both men clambered upon me and their accomplice, with her thin pointy nose, ran forward and began to hit my face and head with her little fists. (F. Delaney Tipperary)
18.	The flustered Clarice stood beside me, her hand full of hairpins. while I took them from her one by one. controlling the curls that had become fluffed in the box. (D. Du Maurier Rebecca)
19.	The office was closed in a twinkling, and the clerk, with the long ends of his white comforter dangling below his waist (for he boasted no greatcoat), went down a slide on Comhill. (Ch. Dickens A Christinas Carol)
20.	Queue up until you sit at a desk with a chap in uniform like a prison warder on the other side, with eyes that look right through you. and you’d better give the right answers. I saw one family held up for three horns because some clerk on the other side had made a mistake in one kid’s papers. (P. Gallico Mrs. Arris Goes to York)
21.	He said. “Excuse me to disturb, I *ave come to collect your steamship tickets.” With one eye on Mrs. Butterfield, who now had changed color from pink to magenta, and appeared on the verge of apoplexy, Mrs. Harris said. “Of course you *ave.” and. diving into
49
her reticule, produced them. (P. Gallico Mrs. 'Arris Goes to New York)
22.	The cab gathered momentum. Mrs. Butterfield and Mis. Harris turning and looking out through the real* window to see their friends waving and cheering still and gazing after them, with several of the Gusset children cocking a snook in their direction. (P. Gallico Mrs. Arris Goes to №ir York)
23.	He ventured to raise his eyes again, and found his supernatural visitor confronting him in an erect attitude, with its chain wound over and about its aim. (Ch. Dickens A Christinas Carol)
24.	Suddenly a man in foreign garments, wonderfully real and distinct to look at. stood outside the window, with an axe stuck in his belt, and leading by the bridle an ass laden with wood. (Ch. Dickens A Christinas Carol)
25.	One of Henry’s assets was his taciturnity. And now as Mis. Hanis continued to unfold yet more details of the most fascinating scheme ever devised to free a small boy from hideous tyranny and guarantee him three square meals a day, he sat silently, his mouth stuffed full of bun. but nodding, his huge eyes filled with intelligence and understanding while Mis. Hanis enumerated each point of what he was to do when, where, and under various circumstances. (P. Gallico Mrs. Arris Goes to New York)
11. Укажите абсолютные конструкции в приведенных ниже отрывках. Переведите отрывки; прокомментируйте перевод абсолютных конструкций.
1.	With crowds pressing in around them, the words seemed to fade in and out. as if Sarah were trying to listen to something from a distance. (N. Sparks A bend in the road)
50
2.	His mind strays to the next letter he must write. Then Gregory says, his voice small as if he had receded into the past. “Do you remember that Christmas?” (H. Mantel Wolf Hall)
3.	The old dog sat up, listened with lifted ears, and hurried to the door, her tail thrashing expectantly. But the footsteps faded away down the road. Annabelle’s tail drooped. She turned away from the door and lay down again heavily, her brown eyes empty. (N. Babbit The Kneeknock Rise)
4.	Behold the good Bebe. who was as often my muse as my tutor and confessor, sitting patiently at my side, his big hand on my narrow' back w hile I gasped for life so long and hard that I w’ould fall asleep and wake with my nose scalded in the basin, my lungs like fish in a pail, grasping what they could. (P. Carey Parrot and Olivier in America)
5.	Then the tramcar came rattling around the coiner of Frederick Street, and the yoiuig man hoisted up the suitcase and dumped it on the platform. With a last glance at them and a shake of the head, he vanished swiftly inside. (Sh. Dickson The Orphan Sisters)
6.	In the middle of a w’ood so thick and so deep it w'as very nearly a forest w'as a small house, built of thatch and wood and daubed grey clay, which had a most foreboding aspect. A small, yellow' bird in a cage sat on its perch outside the house. It did not sing, but sat mournfully silent, its feathers ruffled and w'an. (N. Gaiman Stardust)
7.	In the cottage, two old w'omen staled, envy and hope mixing in their faces, at a tall, handsome woman with black hair and dark eyes and red. red lips. (N. Gaiman Stardust)
8.	And then, with his money tied up in his fine Sunday cambric handkerchief, he walked up to the village of Wall and bade good morning to the guards on the gate. (N. Gaiman Stardust)
51
9.	“Why, Dunstan Thom.” said Daisy Hempstock, when he encountered her by Mr. Bromios’s tent, sitting with her family and Dunstan’s patents, eating great brow sausages and drinking porter, ‘'whatever is the matter?” “I brought you a gift.” Dunstan muttered, and thrust the chiming snowdrop toward her; it glinted in the afternoon sunlight. She took it from him. puzzled, with fingers still shiny with sausage grease. (N. Gaiman Stardust)
10.	Tristian walked through the gap, with the stone wall on each side of him. into the meadow on the other side of the wall. (N. Gaiman Stardust)
11.	With the full sxuilight shining down she scarcely glittered at all. save for where the darkest shadows touched her. (N. Gaiman Stardust)
12.	Face mottled with annoyance. Ashbumer joined Enid on the other side of the aisle. (B. Bainbridge Winter Garden)
13.	In the middle of the night Egan was jolted awake by a violent crash of thunder. The old dog. who had been sleeping on the cot at his feet, lifted her head, listened, and began to tremble. With bulging eyes and tail pressed tight between her legs, she slid down and scrabbled under the cot. where she lay panting in the private darkness, bulky and pathetic with dread. (N. Babbit Kneeknock Rise)
14.	She tinned, nibbing her chilled anus, a little smile crooking her mouth. She was silent, her mouth open, wordless. (P.A. McKillip The Forgotten Beasts of Eld)
15.	A man stood cloaked, hooded at the gates, his horse behind him. (P.A. McKillip The Forgotten Beasts of Eld)
52
16.	Sybel took his sodden cloak, hiuig it to dry beside the fire... He smiled, his chilled face taking color from the warmth, his lean hands cupping the blaze. (P.A. McKillip The Forgotten Beasts of Eld)
17.	Outside, all was activity and cheer. It was Christmas, lights twinkling on the canal bridges at night; red-cheeked dames en heren, scarves flying in the icy wind, clattered down the cobblestones with Christmas trees lashed to the backs of their bicycles. (D. Tartt The Goldfinch)
18.	She hears him sigh and realizes their conversation is over. “The Lord will be your safekeeping. Mary,” Joseph whispers. She feels his warm breath against her ear. “Sleep now. You must trust always in Him.” She nods yes, her forehead lightly brushing his chest. She breathes in his warmth, his familial* scent. Joseph is her husband. the head of her house, as Christ is head of the church, and she owes him loving obedience. She must trust him. (A.B. Brown Flight of the Sparrow )
19.	We stood up to leave. The heavens had opened while we were talking. As I saw him to a taxi, the downpoiu* soaked my spring clothes in seconds. With his taxi speeding away, I had the opportunity to realize a wild dream of mine, one that had kept me going during the interminable meetings of the previous days and weeks: to walk alone, unnoticed, in the rain. Powering through the watery curtain in pristine solitude. I took stock of the encoxuiter. (Y. Varoufakis Adults in the room)
20.	British security guards. I’ve noticed, always do this; unless you happen actually to work in the building they’re guarding, in which case they’ll check everything from the fillings in your teeth to your trouser turn-ups to see if you’re the same person who went out to get a sandwich fifteen minutes ago. But if you’re a strange
53
face, they’ll let you straight through. because frankly, it would just be too embarrassing to put you to any trouble. If you want a place guarded properly, hire Germans. Solomon and I travelled up tliree sets of stairs, down half a dozen corridors and in two lifts, with him signing me in at various points along the way, until we reached a dark green door labelled Cl88. Solomon knocked, and we heard a woman’s voice shout “wait”, and then “okay”. (H. Lauri The Gun Seller)
РАЗДЕЛ 3
ПЕРЕВОД БЕЗЭКВИВАЛЕНТНОЙ ЛЕКСИКИ
1.	Определите стратегии передачи антропонимов и топонимов (доместикация, форенизация).
^Переводчик Имя х. собственное^	В. Материна	А. Груз-берг	Д. Афиногенов. В. Волковский	В. Муравьев. А. Кистя-ковский	Н. Григорьева. В. Гру- шецкий
Baggins	Торбинс	Бэггинс	Беббинс	Торбинс	Сум нике
Bag-End Under Hill1	Торба-в- Холме	Бэг-Энд	Бебень-на-Бугре2	Торба-на-Круче	Засумки / Сумкина горка (чередуются в тексте)
2.	Проанализируйте перевод выделенных слов в приведенных ниже отрывках. Какие причины обусловили применение приема экспликации?
1.	There were twelve of us from that class of ‘81. There they are in the photo. Dizzy McKelpie in those Coke-bottle glasses with her messy red hair spilling over the collar of her uniform... (J. Hanis Class of '81)
Нас было двенадцать человек из выпуска 81-го года. Вот они на фото. Диззи МакКикимор с растрепанными рыжими волоса
1 Усадьба Бильбо и Фродо.
2 Бебень — набитый мешок (Даль 1978: 57).
55
ми, закрывающими воротник формы, а стекла в ее очках такие толстые, как донышко бутылки «Колы».
2.	There’d been one tiling Vicky had wanted and hadn’t gotten, a guy she’d been crazy about, who’d thrown her over the minute she had mentioned the C word. (M. Cabot She Went AU the Way)
Кое-чего Вики так и не удалось заполучить: парень, от которого она была без ума. бросил ее сразу же, как только она заикнулась о свадьбе.
3.	At least two people died of exposure in Chicago overnight. (Collins Dictionary)
По меньшей мере два человека умерли от переохлаждения в Чикаго за одну ночь.
4.	Не sported a full beard, something not many men did in the nineteen fifties, unless they were Amish or beatniks or Ernest Hemingway. (W.K. Krueger The River We Remember)
Его отличала борода. В пятидесятые годы почти никто не носил бороду, за исключением, разве что, амишей, или битников. или Эрнеста Хемингуэя.
5.	We did not eat like this even before the war and the rationing stalled. (E. Murphy The Disappearances)
Мы не ели так даже до начала войны и карточной системы.
6.	I’m examining an old Victrola and a tidy line of wooden canes when Miles reaches out to twirl the large midnight orb of a celestial globe. (E. Murphy The Disappearances)
56
Я разглядываю старый патефон и деревянные трости, аккуратно расположенные в ряд. когда Майлз тянется, чтобы покрутить большую полуночную орбиту небесного глобуса.
3.	Переведите данные отрывки. Используйте приемы экспликации и модуляции при переводе выделенных слов.
1.	The door to their apartment was slightly ajar and I could hear Will talking to the TV in the study, as usual. In the old days Will had scooped Liza Minnelli’s relapse and RFK’s affairs and Patty Hearst’s leap from socialite to cult member. It was the “amorality” of the Dems that finally pushed him toward politics instead of all tilings glamorous. He called it the Clinton Clinch. (L. Weisberger Every one Worth Knowing)
2.	House Speaker Kevin McCarthy and his right-wing colleague Rep. Matt Gaetz on Thursday traded f-bombs as Republican infighting intensifies over the impeachment inquiry into President Joe Biden and a looming government shutdown. (New York Daily News)
3.	She listens to commuters scurrying home from work on the sheet below, half gloating at not having to join the bustle. (A. Petch The Tuscan Secret)
4.	On a dingy February afternoon in North London. Anna is having a duvet day after two bad nights. (A. Petch The Tuscan Secret)
5.	For Betty Rollin, a memoirist who grew up in Yonkers, being siblingless meant that she was pampered, adored and showered with gifts. (The New7 York Times And Baby Makes Three) 6
6. The stream was the east to west compass. It didn’t deviate. Fuck. Neither path seems right, but then again. I’m acutely aw are that I’m standing in the open beside a focal point that could at-
57
tract eyes from anywhere with an open view of the valley. I have to choose. (C. Hardaker Mothtowri)
7.	He sweeps a cursory glance over the menu and then calls the waiter over.
“What’s the special today?”
“We have some very nice veal. Or the mussels are very good... and the boeufbourgignon.”
“Veal, we’ll have the veal.”
Normally she is happy for him to take control and place the order, but not tonight.
“No veal for me. Just poussin and a salad,” she says. (A. Petch The Tuscan Secret)
8.	He had spent years moving his family restlessly from one place to another, always seeking a new, more profitable opportunity. Maiy was two when the family fled England in 1639, part of the Great Migration of Puritans to New England, seeking relief from the apostasy of King Charles. She remembers the crossing dimly: a haze of sunshine and black water, dirty white sails pasted to the sky, and the creaking, rocking hull. (A.B. Brown Flight of the Sparrow)
9.	“Are you mad ‘cause I wanted to be there and you didn’t? I never said you had to come. Baker.”
“And I didn’t want to be there!” Will bust out. “For a lot of reasons. But I sat there, twiddling my flicking thumbs in my office. I don’t like your friends. Maggie. I don’t like people making racist comments to your face and talking to you like you are nothing.” (N. French Hollywood Secret)
10.	Nina at the age of ten had been knocked from her bicycle by a hit-and-run driver. (B. Bainbridge Winter Garden)
11.	For different reasons he had kept quiet about his wife’s habit, indulged in throughout the wanner nights of June and July, of step
58
ping down into the winter garden with a skipping rope. To have liinted that his wife was trying to improve her figure, springing up and down in the moonlight. would have inflamed Nina, who would doubtless have told him that his wife was shaping up to throw herself at anything in trousers. (B. Bainbridge Winter Garden)
4.	К какому виду безэквивалентной лексики относятся выделенные слова? Переведите данные отрывки, аргументируйте выбор своего переводческого решения. Какой переводческой стратегии вы придерживались? Есть ли потери при переводе (смысловые, стилистические)?
1.	'Youie9 — just like a selfie but a picture of someone else, for example: “You’re so beautiful I want to take a youie”; “I’m not in this picture. It’s a youie.” (Collins Dictionary)
2.	'Coffee9 is the person upon whom one coughs. (Fun Definitions)
3.	27 images prove why the meninist movement is desperately needed. (BNC)
4.	Trumpgate makes Watergate look like child’s play. (Common Dreams)
5.	Obamajamas are pyjamas differing from normal pyjamas nobody knows how. Most of the Obama-related trademark applications were filed by individuals just trying to capitalize on a good idea. (Neologisms in Journalistic Text)
6.	People are carving their pumpkins to resemble Donald Trump in what is undeniably one of Halloween’s scariest offerings. The 'Trumpkin9 is taking over social media with hundreds of people carving out or painting ridiculous expressions onto their* vegetables. (Metro)
59
7.	It’s housed in a higgledy-piggledy, elegantly restored 18th-century carriage house, with two refined lounges with leather sofas, dripping chandeliers, and a tiny bar in the luscious home-away-from-home public spaces. (The Pand Hotel, Bruges)
8.	The kids might have liked the Santa Claus made from 1 kg of chocolate, but at £29.99 that alone would bust my budget. Instead, I get them a deck of cards (99 p) and a National Geographic Kids magazine (£2.99. Sony, kids, but we’re going through a Credit Crunchmas.) (BNC)
9.	In the mornings we sandsurfed (on snowboards with Velcro bindings) down dimes before the sun and wind turned the desertscape into a massive convection oven. (BNC)
10.	Against the inunigrant backdrop of home-made wine and Sicilian pastries we watch the Don’s son and heir, Michael, attend an Ivy League college and become the modem, respectable face of traditional mobsterdom. (BNC)
11.	From the catwalk and into M&S, high-waisted trousers are now firmly part of the fashion mainstream. Is this farewell to the fleshy overspill inevitable when wearing hipsters? So is it the end of the muffin top? Like so many trends before it. fasliion’s long-running love affair with low-slung trousers doesn't quite translate from a size zero model to the traditional British pear shape. The result is High Streets the length and breadth of the coxuitry awash with the unsightly bulges, just like the doughy overspill on a freshly baked muffin — only not so appetising. “Some women place wearing what they think is fashionable above looking good.” says Mi* Groves. “They shamelessly flash their muffin tops and don’t seem to care it looks ghastly ” (BBC NEWS)
12.	In the 2000s (or the noughties, oughties, or zips), a newly minted word has had an unprecedented opportunity to be heard
60
beyond its original creator. With 24-hour media coverage, and the infinite space of the Internet, the chain of ears and months has never been longer, and the repetition of a new word today takes a fraction of the time it would have taken a hundred, or even fifty, years ago. If, then, only the smallest percentage of new words make it into current dictionaries, what are the determining factors in theft success? (ThoughtCo)
13.	It might be paranoia, but I can’t seem to get away from these voices telling me to use the internet. They ar e everywhere on posters, when I switch on the radio, on TV and in the paper. It is getting too much for me to take in. I believe there is even a medical term for my problem: dot corn-fusion. (The Guardian Great name, good ads, plenty' hype, flop)
14.	The tabloidification of American life — of the news, of the culture, of human behaviour — is such a sweeping phenomenon that it can’t be dismissed as merely a jokey footnote to the history of the 1990s. Rather, it’s the very hallmark of our times; if the decade must have a name — and it must, since decade-naming has become a required public exercise in the second half of the 20th century — it might as well be the Tabloid Decade. (D. Kamp The Tabloid Decade)
15.	People were chatting in an ungangsterish way. (Linguisticus)
16.	The friendly, flexi-office involves nomadic working, moving desks as the tasks demand, using only mobile phones and open plans, lap-tops, intranets and e-mail. (What is a flexible workspace?)
17.	Digital nomads are usually higlily-skilled remote workers who are location-independent. They perform theft work duties while traveling across cities (or even countlies), and rely on flexible work opportunities and digital communication tools to make it work. (R. Payne Digital normadism as a modern benefit)
61
18.	Finally, Lisa has turned the comer. She and the non-stupid, noil-delusional, non-dangerous-to-her-mental-health Andrew have been together for over a month. There’s an intangible something that radiates from couples still conscious of their coupleness. When it’s new enough for each person to be constantly aware of then special, entwined state, yet old enough for them to be entirely comfortable with it. the pair emits a kind of glow that, as I’m sure you know, is really quite tiresome. (The Guardian A new leaf)
19.	The Guardian’s first ever Hack Day adhered to a format already proven elsewhere, stalling with doughnuts and finishing with beer, hi between, as is also traditional, there was an enormous amount of hacking, fiddling, greasemonkeying, hair pulling, learning, frustration, fun, laughter, pizza, chocolate, coffee and crisps. (The Guardian Guardian Hack Day )
20.	Una. for whom no household task must remain ungadgeted. gave me a series of mini-spanners to fit different jar or bottle lids in the kitchen. (H. Fielding Bridget Jones Diary)
21.	A huge thunderstorm had rolled over the islands that afternoon, and the living room was unusually dark. I had been lulled into a half-awake state by an I Love Lucy marathon on channel 6. Grandpa’s rabbit-eared TV was crackling like water, and I kept dozing off on the couch and getting my senses all tangled, dr eaming that the storm had moved inside. (K. Rassel Swamplandia!)
22.	Much the same happened with the bicycle before an Englishman named J.I. Stassen coined the term bicycle in 1869, hvo-wheeled vehicles had gone by a variety of names: velocipedes, dandy horses, draisines and boneshakers. Boneshakers was practically apt. Early bikes ran on wooden wheels, had woolen saddles and of course ran over much less smoothly paved surfaces. They were, in short, neither safe nor comfortable. But they were hugely popular.
62
Soon people everywhere were getting in on the mania for wheeling, as it was know. Cycling quickly developed its own complex terminology. The more energetic adherents went in for scorching or freewheeling (sometimes shortened by the linguistically debonair to /reeling). Scorchers who show ed a selfish disregard of others w ere known as road hogs. (B. Bryson Made in America: An Informal History' of American English)
23.	By rights. David Cameron should have been able to handle the press better than any previous prime minister. He is the first to have been a professional public relations man. more highly qualified than anyone he went on to hire. For years, it was his job to know' what makes journalists tick: when to dangle the carrot. wrhen to apply the stick. Cameron is a victim of his own success. For seven years, he was one of the most effective media networkers in London. Cameron’s ability to win people over, a charm that springs from his essential decency, went on to work just as well in politics. As a newdy-elected leader he embodied the fact that the Tories were not purely evil. But the journalists w’hom he invited around for dinner would come away amazed at how little he had to say about politics. David Cameron’s 'chumocracy* is no substitute for a political mission. The Prime Minister’s social skills fail to disguise a worrying absence of ideology. (L. Weisberger Every one Worth Knowing)
24.	Miranda left. And the visit that had inspired office-wide panic, frenzied preparations, even makeup and wardrobe adjustments, had lasted just under four minutes, and had taken place — as far as my inexperienced eyes could see — for absolutely no reason whatsoever. (L. Weisberger The Devil Wears Prada)
25.	On this particular Thursday, something wras moving quietly through the ionosphere many miles above the surface of the planet; several somethings in fact, several dozen huge yellow7 chunky
63
slablike somethings, huge as office buildings, silent as birds. (D. Adams The Hitchhiker ’s Guide to the Galaxy)
26.	A hole had just appeared in the Galaxy. It was exactly a nothingth of a second long, a nothingth of an inch wide, and quite a lot of million light years from end to end. (D. Adams The Hitchhiker 's Guide to the Galaxy')
27.	Tony has compiled a mental list of these televised synonyms for death. You're toast, you're fried, you're wasted, you're steak, you're dead meat. It’s odd how many of them have to do with food, as if being reduced to nutrients is the final indignity. But 'you're history'9 has long been one of her favourites. There’s a close-up of the bug-eyed fear on the face of the man who will soon be history if things go the way they’re going. (M.E. Atwood The Robber Bride)
28.	A haze of jet lag from a 23-hour flight to London from Australia made me wonder how long researchers had been studying the tedious scourge, and whether they were any closer to a decent solution. (Financial Times)
29.	The sum of impoils and exports in 2008 as a fraction of GDP — 24% for America and 56% for China — may suggest that China is much more open than America is. But trade-to-GDP ratios vary across countries for reasons ranging from the structure and size of economies to levels of income. (The Economist Repelling borders)
30.	Academically significant days at British universities are referred to as Scarlet days. Christmas Day, Easter Day, Ascension Day, Whitsunday, Trinity Sunday, All Saints’ Day, the day appointed for the Commemoration of Benefactors, the days of General Admission to Degrees are days on which doctors in the different faculties are directed to wear their festal, predominantly scarlet, gowns in public. They are also worn by those attending the presentation of a Loyal Address. (Scarlet Days)
64
31.	At all the places listed below, it’s perfectly acceptable to order one afternoon tea and one cream tea (at about £5) and split the afternoon tea goodies. (Webtionnaire)
32.	The focus of the investigation should not be on how to avoid any specific black swan, for we don’t know where the next one is coming from. (N. Taleb Learning to Expect the Unexpected)
33.	I know that things are difficult at the moment in Spain because a minister is being questioned and the government is a lame duck, but there will soon be another government and. with this, a new hope. (European Parliament. Verbatum report of proceedings)
34.	Supermarkets try to discourage them but an army of dumpster divers are trying to reduce food waste and live a more sustainable life. (The Guardian The Australian dumpster divers who find treasure in the trash)
35.	In another age you would have been a railway mechanic or a grease monkey crawling over the spark plugs of a DC-3 This is what you are. and the sad fact is. they can put the code monkey in a suit but they can’t take the code out of the monkey. Which is why you more or less missed out completely on a veiy entertaining barney between Elaine and some weedy intense-looking marketroid in casual-Friday drag and fashionable pecs who seemed most upset about something. (Ch. Stross Halting State)
5.	Переведите данные отрывки, прокомментируйте свой вариант перевода.
Пример:
— It’s a fine, respectable career — I’d rather see you doing that than any of those hippie-dippy-save-the-world jobs your parents
65
would recommend — but you seem so young to lock yourself into something so boring.
— Это отличная, престижная работа, мне бы очень хотелось, чтобы ты занималась этим, а не чем-то вроде хиппи-шизиппи-спасельзпют-мир по совету твоих родителей. Но ты еще так молода. чтобы заниматься такой скучищей.
1.	“Oh. hello, darling. I was just ringing to see what you wanted for Christmas ”
“Christmas?”
“I wondered if you’d like a set of wheels for your suitcase.”
“But I haven’t got a suitcase.”
“Why don’t I get you a little suitcase with wheels attached? You know, like air hostesses have.”
“I don’t want a little bag with wheels on.”
“Ok. Why don’t I get you a proper new7 big suitcase and a set of wheels?”
Exhausted. I held the phone away from my ear, puzzling about where the missionary luggage-Christmas-gift zeal had stemmed from. (H. Fielding Bridget Jones Diary)
2.	When I got to the Alconburys’ and rang their entire-tune-of-town-h all-clock-style doorbell I w7as still in a strange w7orld of my own. (H. Fielding Bridget Jones Diary)
3.	The rich, divorced-by-cruel-wife Mark was standing with his back to the room. (H. Fielding Bridget Jones Diary)
4.	Remembering Zen. I did a version of Salute to the Sun I remembered from distant Yogacise class and centred myself, concentrating on the inner wheel, till the flow came. (H. Fielding Bridget Jones Diary)
5.	1 altered my path to pass the table, at which he immersed himself deep in conversation with the trollop, glancing up as I walked
66
past and giving me a film, confident smile as if to say ‘business meeting’. I gave him a look which said, ‘Don’t you business-meet-ing-me' and strutted on. (H. Fielding Bridget Jones Diary)
6.	“Have you read any good books lately?” he said.
Oh, for God’s sake. I racked my brain frantically to think when I last read a proper book. Then I had a brainwave.
"Backlash, actually, by Susan Fahidi.” I said triumphantly. Anyway, completely safe option as no way diamond-pattern-jumpered goody-goody would have read five-hundred-page feministic treatise. (H. Fielding Bridget Jones Diary)
7.	Mum has been to church and suddenly realized in a St. Paul-on-road-to-Damascus-type blinding flash that the vicar is gay. (H. Fielding Bridget Jones Diary)
8.	My dad, somewhat bizarrely, insisted on giving my car a full senice before I left, even though I assured him there was nothing wrong with it. I rather showed myself up by not remembering how to open the bonnet.
“Have you noticed anything odd about your mother?” he said in a stiff, embarrassed way as he fiddled around with the oil stick, wiping it with rags and plunging it back in a not imworried manner, if one were a Freudian. Which I am not.
“I can’t say I did, to be honest.”
“Hmmm,’ he said. ‘Anyway. Best get off before it gets dark. Send my love to Jude.”
Then he hit the bonnet in an off-you-go sort of way. (H. Fielding Bridget Jones Diary)
9.	“Oh. Mum. I can’t really talk. I’m expecting.”
“Now come along, Bridget. I don’t want any silliness,” she said in her Genghis-Khan-at-height-of-evil voice. (H. Fielding Bridget Jones Diary)
67
Someone called Gav said “Hi”: twenty-two maybe, sexy, in a slirunken T-shirt revealing a chopping-board-like midriff. (H. Fielding Bridget Jones Diary)
10.	Incensed by patronizing article in the paper by Smug Married journalist. It was headlined, with subtle-as-a-Frankie-Howerd-sexual-innuendo-style irony: “The Joy of Single Life.” (H. Fielding Bridget Jones Diary)
11.	Staggered downstairs hoping hair did not smell of fags to find Mum and Una exchanging political views while putting crosses in the end of sprouts.
“Yes, I tliiiik what’s-his-name is very good.”
“Well, he is, I mean, he got through his what-do-you-mer-call-it clause that nobody thought he would, didn’t he?”
“All. but then, you see. you’ve got to watch it because we could easily end up with a nutcase like what-do-you-mer-call-him that used to be a communist. Do you know? Oh. hello, darling.” said Mum. noticing me. “Now, what are you going to put on for Christmas Day?”
“This,” I muttered sulkily.
“Oh. don’t be silly, Bridget, you can’t wear that on Christinas Day\ Now, are you going to go to come to the lounge and say hello to Auntie Una and Uncle Geoffrey before you change?” she said in the special bright, breathy isn’t-everything-super? voice that means. “Do what I say or I’ll Magimix your face.” (H. Fielding Bridget Jones Diary)
12.	As usual. I received an expert eye-roll-deep-sigh combo. (L. Weisberger The Devil Wears Prada)
13.	I stood there for what must have been five full minutes, listening to the squawking off-the-hook sound with the receiver pressed against my ear. (L. Weisberger The Devil Wears Prada)
68
14.	Tliis was puzzling. If her flight had been canceled. I’d assumed the airlines would’ve resheduled her for the fust flight out in the morning, especially considering her premier-advantage-plus-gold-platinum-diamond-executive- VIP mileage status and the original cost of her first-class tickets. (L. Weisberger The Devil Wears Prada)
15.	“Andrea, a pleasure to meet you.” Gabriel said, extending a hand and taking mine in one of those annoyingly delicate Гт-not-shaking-your-hand-as-I-woiild-a-inan’s-becaiise-rin-sure-rd-just-snap-your-girlydittled)onesdn-half clutches. “Christian has told me a lot about you.” (L. Weisberger The Devil Wears Prada)
16.	Here I am. surrounded by things bearing my name, brass things wider bell jars, instruments glinting like silver starlight. Dust-that-is-not-dust still drifts down to us from the rafters. (C. Hardaker Mothtown)
17.	But the youth of today were a pasty lot. with none of the get-up-and-go, none of the vigor and vim that he remembered from the days when he was young. (N. Gaiman Stardust)
18.	Amy Lin stated at the officer and his receded-to-an-island hairline and decided that he was not someone who could be trusted. (I. Yamashita City Under One Roof)
19.	Cara assumed the elder man to be Chief Sipley. He got up and had to scoot his wide frame around his desk. Sixties. Cara guessed, given his brown-fading-into-white beard and bald crown. (I. Yamashita Cfrv Under One Roof)
20.	Cromwell has been east to the city, to hear what ships have come in and to check the whereabouts of an off-the-books consignment he is expecting. But he hasn’t eaten, and hasn’t been home yet. (H. Mantel Wolf Hall)
69
21.	By dusk Гт so far away from knowing where I am I’ve given up consulting the map, and somehow end up at a cattle feedlot. For the uninitiated, that’s where they fatten beef on a mixture of grain and hay and what-have-you. calculated to ensure the cattle put on weight at an optimum rate. You could think of it as a health retreat for cattle, with an all-expenses-paid trip to the city as a prize for completing the course. There are fifteen or twenty blokes working at the feedlot — agreement was never reached — and they have about four or five thousand head of cattle to tend. (M. Dwyer Red in the Centre)
22.	My classmates buzz around me while Mr. Ellis walks over to his desk and leans over to read his email. Normally, that’s the imofficial holy-shit-we 're-getting-out-early announcement. But that seems pretty unlikely, given we already had a two-hour delay this morning and the sunshine outside right now is nearly blinding, reflecting off the melting ice and puddles. (J. Reck A Short History' of the Girl Next Door)
23.	‘"But Allishon was a member of it?”
“Yeah. She used to go there when she, you know.”
“She what? When did she go?”
Peyton’s baby blues gave her a don't-be-daft stare, but when he saw that she honestly didn’t get what he was saying, he shook his head. (J.R. Ward Blood Vow)
24.	Making up an excuse to get away from her probably wasn’t even necessary. Today, as always, Zoe has that vacant, Гт-not-here expression on her face. I could have had phone sex on the train and she wouldn’t notice. I feel my groin tighten at the thought. Even phone sex would be more than I’m getting now. (L. Mercer Who We Were Before)
25.	“Maybe,” my dad answers, wrapping me up in the soft green comforter that used to be on the bed in the guest room before my
70
mother redecorated it. He looks me in the eyes and pushes a smile out. One of his signature this-yvill-only-hurt-for-a-moinent-don9t~ worry smiles. (J. Mathieu Afterward)
26.	Emma gives me an I-knew-it-was smirk but doesn’t say anything. (J. Mathieu Afterward)
27.	Chris had two smiles. His polite smile, the I-don ’t-want-to-be-here-but-have-to-act-like-I-do one, was for when a smile was expected but not earned, like at work events and extended-family gatherings. He would part his lips, crinkle his eyes, and keep them trained on whoever was speaking. But when he really meant it. when smiling was an uncontrollable instinct, he dipped his head and closed his eyes, almost as if he was trying to hide it — a secret amusement just for himself. (A.E. Reichert Luck, Love & Lemon Pie)
28.	Anne’s phone chimes with an incoming message. Hannah. Mum. please ring ASAP. It’s URGENT. Love, Haimie. There’s an extra-long row of Xs. Lots of Hannah’s calls are urgent. Anne’s learned not to get too excited. It’s probably a having-a-great-tiine-send-more-money message. Still, she’d better ring her. (O. Lorenzo The Light on the Water)
29.	He leaned his bony elbows on the table. “First, you need to learn how to shoot, and then you need to arm up. Owning and being trained to use a gun responsibly doesn’t make you a criminal or a danger to your neighbors. In fact, it makes you the exact opposite. You become an asset to your conununity. Look at me. Heck. I practically grew up with a gun in my hand. I could shoot before I could walk. Look how I turned out.” I shook my head at his every-body-loves-a-gun-in-Texas routine and let out a sigh. (K. Houghton Before you leap)
30.	Mittens [cat] sits up and arches her back, legs rigid, reminding me I have missed yet another yoga class. There’s nothing quite
71
as corrosive as guilt; it eats away at you from the inside out. I should know — remorse is my middle name; I should have been bom a Catholic. Mittens leaps off the stool, in the gracefill way that only cats can. and with a feed-me-noyv meow, butts her head against my calves. (L. Jensen The sister)
31.	She heaid Richaid’s blase voice hitch up an octave as he greeted his daughter and scooped her into his aims. Then Robbie. He entered the kitchen with a sigh, his standard post-work, my-life-is-harder-than-yours-because-I-ani-the-breadyvinner-and-because-I-have-a-penis-therefore-I-get-paid-more-than-you-do-to-sit-behind-a-desk-att-day-so-I-am-granted-this-daily-sigh sigh. (R. Frey Not Her Daughter)
32.	Montmorency hailed this compromise with much approval. He does not revel in romantic solitude. Give him something noisy; and if a trifle low; so much the jollier. To look at Montmorency you would imagine that he was an angel sent upon the earth, for some reason withheld from mankind, in the shape of a small fox-terrier. There is a sort of Oh-yvhat-a-yvickedyvorld-this-is-and-hoyv-I-yvish-I-could-do-something-to-niake-it-better-and-nobler expression about Montmorency that has been known to bring the tears into the eyes of pious old ladies and gentlemen. (J.K. Jerome Three man in a boat)
6. а) В романе «Неуютная ферма» С. Гиббонс использует вымышленные диалектизмы, обозначающие предметы быта, животных, птиц, растения и деятельность сельских жителей. Проанализируйте неологизмы, созданные в русском переводе — насколько узнаваемы обозначаемые ими действия и объекты?
б)	Какие авторские неологизмы в переводе переданы просторечными лексическими единицами?
в)	Предложите свой вариант перевода авторских неологизмов.
1.	Не sighed, and began to move slowly tow aids the open door, his task forgotten. His eyes were fixed upon the cowshed. “Ay, the
72
beasts...” he muttered, dully; “the dumb beasts never fail a man. They know. Ay, Ed ‘a’ done better to cowdle our Feckless in my bosom than liddle Elfine. Ay, wild as a marshtigget in May, ‘tes.”
Он вздохнул и. позабыв обо всем, медленно двинулся к двери. Серые озерца его глаз были устремлены на коровню.
— Да. скотинка. — грустно бормотал он. — Бессловесная скотинка, она добро помнит, не то что человек. Лучше б я тетешкал на груди нашу Нескладеху, чем крошку Эльфину. Да. дикая она у нас. как болотная паичка в мае.
2.	Seth leaned moodily on the hoot-piece, watching Reuben, who was slowly but deftly repairing a leak in the midden-rail.
(hoot — уханье, гудок: midden — (диал.) навозная куча, куча мусора: rail — ограда)
Облокотившись на дребедянку, Сет угрюмо наблюдал за Рувимом. Тот потихоньку, но со знанием дела чинил протекавшую навозгородь.
3.	“She — she — she’s ill.” stammered Reuben, casting a fleeting glance at the closed, dusty windows of the farm high above his head, where the lin-tits were already building under the eaves.
(linnet — коноплянка: tit — синица)
— Она... Она больна. — запинаясь, пробормотал Рувим. Он бросил опасливый взгляд на пыльные запертые окна у себя над головой, под карнизами которых уже вили гнезда свиницы.
4.	“How trying,” observed Flora, who was feeling lonely and rather cross. “Look here, where is everybody this morning? I want to see Miss Judith before I go out for a walk.”
“Mus’Amos, he’s down seein’ the well drained for Sairy-Lucy’s Polly we think she’s fallen into it: Mus’ Reuben, he’s down Nettle Flitch, ploughin’; Mus’ Seth, he’s off a-mollocking somewheres in Howling: Miss Judith, she’s upstairs a-layin’ out the cards.”
73
— Фи. как скучно, — заметила Флора, остро чувствуя свое одиночество и смутное раздражение. — Послушайте, а где вообще все? Я собираюсь на прогулку, но хочу прежде увидеть кузину Юдифь.
— Мастер Амос с работниками вычерпывает воду из колодца, ищет соседскую Полли, она вроде туда упала. Мастер Рувим на Крапивном поле, пашет. Мастер Сиф где-нибудь в Воплинге. кохопутит. Мисс Юдифь у себя наверху раскладывает карты.
7.	Какой вариант передачи неологизма вы считаете более удачным? Аргументируйте свое мнение. Предложите свой вариант перевода.
Every year, in the fulness of summer, when the sukebind hangs heavy from the wains ‘tes the same. (S. Gibbons Cold Comfort Farm)
а)	Всякий год. как живохлебка пышными гроздьями повиснет на плетнях, снова одно и то же.
б)	Всякий год, как жиморопша пышными гроздьями повиснет на плетнях, снова одно и то же.
8.	Проанализируйте примеры передачи реалий и их обоснование.
а)
People contributed newer books, too — the bottom shelves had filled with trashy romance novels, mysteries, somebody’s underlined Bible, a mostly filled-in book of jumble puzzles, the plays of Shakespeare. K. Rassel Swamplandia!	На нижних полках можно было обнаружить бульварные любовные романы, книги о сказочных приключениях. Библию, где кто-то подчеркивал строки, наполовину разгаданные кроссворды. пьесы Шекспира. К. Рассел Топъландия!
В популярных американских головоломках буквы в словах обычно перепутаны, некоторые из них обведены для состав-
74
ления ключевого слова. Подобные головоломки отсутствуют в культуре ПЯ. поэтому была проведена прагматическая адаптация и реалия заменена на аналог — «кроссворды», что не искажает смысла всего текста. В данном случае целесообразно придерживаться стратегии доместикации.
6)
I can’t remember when I first saw The Spiritist's Telegraph lying around the house, but once I’d noticed the book it seemed to be everywhere — in our kitchen, face down in the cafe. Ossie was never without it. It was a spell book. Gideon-thick.
K. Rassel Swamplandia!
Я не помню, когда первый раз увидела «Вестник Спнритиста». Но с этого момента, мне казалось. книга была везде: на кухне, в кафе на столе обложкой вниз. Осси не расставалась с ней. Это быта книга заклинаний, толстенная. как Талмуд.
К. Рассел Топъландия!
Гедеон является персонажем Ветхого Завета; названная в честь него компания Gideons International известна тем. что издает печатные копии Библии для американских отелей. Сложное слово Gideon-thick метонимически именует Библию. В русской культуре не принято сравнивать объемные книги с Библией, однако часто их называют «толстыми талмудами» или просто «талмудами». Само слово «Талмуд» обозначает фундаментальный многотомный религиозный труд в иудаизме. Соответственно. чтобы сохранить сравнение толстой книги с объемным религиозным трудом, в переводе использовано устойчивое выражение «толстенная, как Талмуд». В данном случае целесообразно придерживаться стратегии доместикации.
в)
The chess master, you think you’re Bobby Fischer? Suits: season 2, episode 13	Гроссмейстер, думаешь, ты Бобби Фишер? Форс-мажоры: сезон 2. серия 13
75
Безусловно, не каждый реципиент может знать, что Бобби Фишер был выдающимся игроком в шахматы, однако благодаря ситуативному контексту, включающем звание «гроссмейстер», становится понятно, что имеется в виду сравнение с шахматистом. Следовательно, если применить стратегию фо-ренизации. то прототекст будет узнаваем, и смысл высказывания передан.
9.	Прокомментируйте перевод данных ниже отрывков с точки зрения используемых стратегий и приемов перевода при передаче реалий. Предложите свой вариант перевода, аргументируйте выбранную вами стратегию.
1.	Oh. well, maybe the Riddler put them there. (Suits: season 2, episode 13)
Может, их подложил злодей из «Бэтмена».
2.	Butch and Sundance are back! (Suits: season 3, episode 13)
Холмс и Ватсон в деле!
3.	There will be more than one fight, the war will be long like between the Hatfield and the McCoy. (Suits: season 3, episode 6)
II драка будет не одна, война будет долгой, как между Монтекки и Капулетти.
4.	“AreyouAt&T?”
“And you аге FCC?” (Suits: season 3, episode 6)
«А ты что, главный отступник?»
«А ты что, на стороне федералов?»
76
5.	“When all the smarties are against you. do like О J. Simpson. Find the dream team.”
“Okay, but then Гт Johnny Cogran.” (Suits: season 3, episode 2)
«Когда все умники против тебя, делай как О. Джей Симпсон. Найди команду мечты».
«Ладно, но чур я Джон Когран».
6.	But then. Carol always looked angelic. She hadn’t been the Noxzema girl for five years running just because of her flawless skin. (M. Cabot She Went All the Way)
Надо сказать. Кэрол всегда выглядела, как ангел. Благодаря безупречной коже ей не пришлось быть прыщавым подростком пять лет подряд.
7.	I passed my evenings going over old seasons, one game at a time, squinting at the tiny print of the box scores until I felt the hard wood of the Polo Grounds’ seat on my back and smelled the roasting peanuts in the air. (W.M. Akers Westside: A Novel (A Gilda Carr Tiny Mystery))
Я проводила вечера, один за другим перебирая результаты старых матчей, внимательно просматривая таблицы со счетом до тех пор, пока мне не начинало казаться, будто я сижу на стадионе. а в воздухе витает запах жареного арахиса.
8.	Uncle Gus brought us mainland provisions: bagged butchershop meats and various zoo supplies and gallons of whole milk, big sandbags of rice. Several boxes of our favorite mainland cereal. Peanut Butter Boos. For the Chief, a rubber-banded roll of emerald Win This Lotto! tickets and the “Ziggurat”-size carton of Sir Puffsters cigarettes. (K. Rassel Swamplandia!)
77
Дядя Гас привозил нам с материка продукты и всякую всячину: упакованное в мешки мясо из мясной лавки, разные товары и еду для животных, цельное молоко в больших упаковках по 4-5 литров, огромные мешки с рисом. Несколько коробок нашей любимой каши, арахисовую пасту. А для Вождя — перетянутую резинкой пачку зеленых лотерейных билетов и его любимые сигареты от Паффстер в упаковке размером с индейскую пирамиду.
9.	We staled at each other transfixed like two African animals at the stait of a fight on a David Attenborough programme. (H. Fielding Bridget Jones Diary )
Мы пронзительно смотрели друг на друга, как два африканских зверя перед схваткой в телепрограмме о животных.
10.	Sometimes I wonder what I would be like if left to revert to nature — with a full beard and handlebar moustache on each shin. Dennis Healey eyebrows, face a graveyard of dead skin cells, spots erupting, long curly fingernails like Struwwelpeter, blind as bat and stupid runt of species as no contact lenses, flabby body flobbering around. (H. Fielding Br/dger Jones Diary )
Иногда я с ужасом представляю себе, на что я была бы похожа. если бы вернулась к своему естественному виду, подаренному мне природой: на каждой голени по густой бороде с длинными усами: заросшие брови: на лице — кладбище отмерших клеток кожи с надгробьями в виде прыщей: длинные загибающиеся ногти, как у вампира: слепые глаза, как у крота, и я глупо щурюсь, словно древняя старуха, потому что нет контактных линз: тело дряблое, обвисшее со всех сторон.
10.	а) Укажите реалии в приведенных ниже отрывках и определите их вид.
78
б) Какие реалии, по-вашему мнению, необходимо пояснить в культурологическом комментарии (сноске)? В каких случаях достаточно применить прагматическую адаптацию?
в) Переведите отрывки. Какой переводческой стратегии вы придерживались? Какие способы передачи реалий вы использовали в данных случаях?
1.	The farther was on all fours when I found him. He was in the empty stadium, making some adjustment to the pump. He was wealing a T-shirt that said ‘Alabama Cardinals’. Without his Indian costume. radiant ropes and beads and feathers, you could see his pale scalp through a scrim of scant black hair. Color had ripened in twin spots on his stubbled cheeks, which made him look a little like a haggard Shirley Temple. (K. Rassel Swamplandia!)
2.	People contributed newer books, too — the bottom shelves had filled with trashy romance novels, mysteries, somebody’s wider-lined Bible, a mostly filled-in book of jumble puzzles, the plays of Shakespeare. (K. Rassel Swamplandia!)
3.	The great bulk of early pilgrims were attr acted to America not by religious zeal but by the hope of a better life. Between 1630 and 1640, of the 16,000 immigrants to Massachusetts, only one in four was a Puritan. Even on the Mayflower, the Saints had been outnumbered by 61 to 41 by Strangers. Both of these considerations worked powerfully on the Puritan psyche. (B. Bryson Made in America: An Informal History of American English')
4.	What the Puritans didn’t like were activities deemed to be an encouragement to idleness or ungodliness — and of these, it must be said, they found many. Among the amusements they forbade at one time or another were quoits, ninepins, bowls, stool-ball and even shuffle-board. Games involving dice and cards were entirely out of
79
the question. Plays, entertainments, “dancing and frisking" and “other crafty science” were equally abhorrent to them. Maypoles were cut down and even Christmas was abjured. Smoking was acceptable only within certain w ell-prescribed bounds. (B. Bryson Made in America: An Informal History' of American English)
5.	What is certain is that baseball’s antecedents go back to well before the Mayflower. Cricket, played since the sixteenth century in England and commonly in America until the nineteenth, appears to be the giandfather of all bat and ball games, but many others followed in both Britain and America over the next two centuries — tipcat (or kitcat). bittie-battle, stick ball, one old cat, two old cat, three old cat, and base or base-ball, among others. All involved the same principles of striking a ball with a stick or paddle and hying to traverse a defined path before being caught or tluown out by the fielding side. (B. Bryson Made in America: An Informal History' of American English)
6.	Always the perfect gentleman, he took my exploding tote bag from my shoulder, held the elevator door open, and pressed PH. <...>
Incensed by pationizing article in the paper by Smug Married journalist. It was headlined, with subtle-as-a-Frankie-Howerd-sexual-innuendo-style irony: “The Joy of Single Life.” (H. Fielding Bridget Jones Diary')
7.	While I was still in Amsterdam. I dreamed about my mother for the first time in years. I'd been shut up in my hotel for more than a week, afraid to telephone anybody or go out: and my heart scrambled and floundered at even the most innocent noises: elevator bell, rattle of the minibar cart, even church clocks tolling the hour, de Westertoren. Krijtberg. a dark edge to the clangor, an inwrought fairy-tale sense of doom. (D. Tartt The Goldfinch)
80
8.	But when they are together with their married friends I feel as if I have turned into Miss Havisham. (H. Fielding Bridget Jones Diary)
9.	Colonel Edward “Tug” Wilson, who has died aged 87, was the founder and fir st commander of the Abu Dhabi Defence Force. As a major in the Worcestershire Regiment he volunteered in 1961 for service with the Trucial Oman Scouts, and took command of “A” Squadion in a Beau Geste-style foil at the Buraimi Oasis. Al Ain. The area was then part of a wider British protectorate in the Gulf and is now in the United Arab Emirates. (Colonel Edward ‘Tug’ Wilson)
10.	Doubts have been raised over whether Barclays will pay out a promised £1.03 billion dividend next week, as the chancellor and governor of the Bank of England made plain they expected banks to conserve cash and play then part in extending Ioans to struggling companies. (The Times Your Three-Minute Digest)
11.	She has heard of this Daniel Gookin somewhere before. Has her husband mentioned him? Has she met him somewhere? She remembers suddenly — he is the superintendent of the Praying Indians. A tall man with a narrow’ face and pale blue eyes, she thinks. (A.B. Brown Flight of the Sparrow)
12.	We’d read in school about the Great War: how Germans and British called a truce on Christmas Day and played football, their trenches forming the makeshift boundaries of their pitch. (A. Petch The Tuscan Secret)
13.	Although it was Decoration Day, there was always someone at the funeral home, because, as Fred Brown was fond of saying, death never took a holiday. (WK. Krueger The River We Remember)
81
14.	Someone changes the record to Billie Holiday, her voice drowsy and warm. (E. Murphy The Disappearances)
15.	“We’re playing gin rummy tonight.” Miles announces, waltzing into the room, oblivious that he’s interrupting. (E. Murphy The Disappearances')
16.	Please, allow me to be your Nutcracker and join in the battle against the Mouse King. (Suits: season 2, episode 6)
17.	Harvey is no longer a superhero. He’s a Batman. And Batman needs Robin. (Suits: season 3, episode 1)
18.	She has the body like Elizabeth Hurley and the tongue like Margaret Thatcher. (Suits: season 3, episode 3)
19.	“As Sil Dante would say, when I thought I was out they pull me back in!”
“So, you watched the Sopranos.”
“Nobody watches a wiretap without looking at the sopranos.” (Suits: season 3, episode 4)
20.	Padfoot is a death omen like others of its type, it may become visible or invisible and exhibits certain characteristics that give it its name. It is known to follow people with a light padding sound of its paws, then appearing again in front of them or at their side. It can utter a roar unlike the voice of any known animal, and sometimes the trailing of a chain can be heard along with the pad of its feet. It is best to leave the creature alone, for if a person tries to speak to or attacks it then it will have powder over them. A reference to the legend can be found in Harry' Potter & the Prisoner of Azkaban, with Padfoot being the nickname of Sh ins Black, an animagus who can turn into a large black dog. (Mythical Beasts)
82
21.	On the way home in the car Meryl said it had spoilt the magic, seeing behind the scenes. I reminded her it wasn’t really that magical on stage, especially when Dame Dolly Mixture sung It’s Raining Men. with too much hairy cleavage on show and the Power Ranger bouncing around in his lycra. (J. Mulvagh Vivienne Westwood: An Unfashionable Life)
22.	Our mother had come from Trinidad, in what parents of her generation called the West Indies. It was a place that Francis and I. both bom and raised here in Canada, had visited once and could recognize vaguely in words and sounds and tastes. It was a place that accounted for the presence in our house of certain drinks like mauby and sorrel and also the inexplicably named Peardrax. which Francis had once fooled me into believing was bathroom cleaner. (D.J. Chariandy Brother)
23.	“No answering the door or turning up the heat. No turning on the oven or stovetop at any time. You hear me. Francis? I will strap your backside red if I come back to find you or your brother hint. Absolutely no TV after eight if I’m not back until then. No А-Team or any other gangster foolishness in my home.” We’d do the homework Mother had laid out for us, but, later, we’d learn equally important life skills and facts about the world from Three 's Company and The Dukes of Hazzard. (D.J. Chariandy Brother)
24.	It all began some time in the last century, in an age when lovers wrote letters to each other sealed up in envelopes. Sometimes they used coloured inks to show their love, or they perfinned their writing-paper with scent.
41 Plough Lane,
Hampstead,
London NW3
Monday', June 2nd 1980
Darling Ned —
83
I’m sony about the smell. I hope you ye opened this somewhere private, all on your own. You’ll get teased to distraction otherwise. It’s called Rive Gauche, so I’m feeling like Simone de Beauvoir and I hope you’re feeling like Jean-Paul Sartre. (S. Fiy The Stars’Tennis Balls)
25.	The first blow to the Moriori was the Union Jack, planted in Skirmish Bay’s sod in the name of King George by Lieutenant Broughton of HMS Chatham just fifty years ago. (D. Mitchell Cloud Atlas)
РАЗДЕЛ 4
ЛЕКСИЧЕСКАЯ СОЧЕТАЕМОСТЬ В АНГЛИЙСКОМ И РУССКОМ ЯЗЫКАХ
1.	Определите ошибки в лексической сочетаемости в русском переводе. Предложите свой вариант перевода.
1.	So she had looked into his eyes, and had left her soft, plump hand for a moment in his. (A. Trollope The Way' We Live Now)
Тогда она посмотрела в его глаза и на мгновение оставила свою мягкую пухлую руку в его руке.
2.	At times, he sounds slightly American, and at others more Australian, when his voice goes up at the end of a sentence as if he’s asking a question? It’s hard to work out. (Y. Varoufakis Adults in the room)
В общем, иногда он говорит почти как американец, а иногда как австралиец: когда он заканчивает предложение, поднимая тон голоса, он как будто что-то спрашивает, поэтому его трудно понять.
3.	Then the ripened cornfields rippled up to the doorsteps of the cottages. (F. Thompson Lark Rise)
Тогда созревшие кукурузные поля ниспадали мягкими складками прямо к порогам домов.
4.1 try to grab his hand, feeling the tension coil up, ready to explode. (K. Moreno Mad as a Hatter)
85
Я пытаюсь схватить его за руку, чувствуя, как напряженное чувство усиливается и готово лопнуть.
5.	The young man had smelt the trouble in the air and had tried to avoid it by ducking into an alleyway behind Kerr’s Tobacco Warehouse. (B. Cornwell Rebel)
Почуяв неприятность, юноша хотел было от нее ускользнуть, нырнув в переулок за табачным складом.
6.	For now, Delaney’s task was to charm Dan Faraday so outrageously that he recommended her for a second, more thorough interview. (D. Eggers The Even)
На данный момент задачей Делани было очаровать Дэна Фарадея настолько, чтобы ее порекомендовали на второе, более тщательное, собеседование.
7.	“We can talk and look around.” Dan said, his eyes amiable, reasonable, seeming incapable of anything but calm deliberation. (D. Eggers The Even)
«Мы можем начать собеседование, пока идем», — сказал Дэн. Глаза его были приветливыми, разумными, казалось, не способными ни на что. кроме спокойного размышления.
8.	“So where are you from?” the bald man demanded, seizing the young man’s sleeve as though to force an answer.
“Take your hands off me!” The tall young man had a temper.
“What’s your name?”
“None of уош business.” The tone was defiant.
“So we’ll find out!” The bald man seized the bundle of books and tiied to pull them away. For a moment there was a fruitless tug
86
of war, then the flayed rope holding the books parted and the vol-tunes spilt across the cobbles. (B. Coinwell Rebet)
«Ну и откуда вы?» — спросил лысый, хватая юношу за рукав. словно принуждая к ответу.
«Руки убери!» — буркнул высокий юноша. У него был взрывной нрав.
«Как тебя звать?»
«Не твое дело!» — дерзил юноша.
«Так мы выясним!» — лысый схватил связку книг и попытался отнять ее у юноши. Происходящее напоминало напрасное перетягивание каната, как вдруг изрядно изношенная веревка оборвалась и все ее содержимое рассыпалось по брусчатке.
9.	The drunken woman’s bottle smashed on the roadway. (B. Cornwell Rebel)
Пьяная женщина швырнула свою бутылку в сторону, и бутылка разлетелась по мостовой.
10.	The bay was littered with the wreckage of ships; planks, hencoops. barrels, empty gin bottles, and the picked haunches of a pig. (B. Bainbridge The Birthday'Boys)
Бухта была усеяна обломками кораблей, досками, клетками для кур, бочками, пустыми бутылками из-под джина и отборными свиными .тяжками.
11.	She liked the house. Between the entrance and living room there was an expanse of cool, white marble floor. She had dug out a hole in the floor and filled it with water thus arranging a small pond. (Z. Cho The Fish Bowl)
Дом ей нравился. Между входной дверью и гостиной тянулся коридор с прохладным полом из белого мрамора. Она выко
87
пала яму в полу и наполнила ее водой. Получался маленький пруд.
12.	In winter a wood-burning stove wanned us, and in summer all the windows, built high in the walls to banish distraction, were flung wide to let in the mountain breeze. (A. Petch The Tuscan Secret)
Зимой нас грела дровяная печь, а летом через распахнутые настежь окна — расположенные выше обычного, чтобы ученики не отвлекались, входил горный воздух.
13.	The stink of fish faded as I stepped onto Broadway, crowded and gleaming and smelling of money and judgment. (W.M. Akers Westside: A Novel (A Gilda Carr Tiny Mystery))
Вонь рыбьих потрохов исчезла, когда я попала на Бродвей. Он был заполнен людьми, повсюду сияли огни, и казалось, сам воздух был пропитан запахом денег и осуждения.
14.	His heart beat like a clock. (R.Ch. Wilson Darwinia)
Его сердце билось, подобно часам.
15.	Guilford didn’t understand what was happening when his brother called everyone to the window, and when they all rushed out the kitchen door, even his grandfather, to stand gazing at the night sky. (R.Ch. Wilson Darwinia)
Гилфорд не мог понять, что происходит, когда брат позвал всех к окну и когда все. даже дедушка, ринулись через кухонную дверь посмотреть на ночное небо.
2. Переведите данные отрывки, обращая особое внимание на выделенные слова. Примените необходимые трансформации.
88
Прокомментируйте различия в лексической сочетаемости в английском и русском языках.
1.	Then an Asian voice on the loudspeaker: a delay on the line due to security checks at Gloucester Road station.
2.	Egan concocts her narrative around punk rocker-turned-music producer Bennie Salazar, his sticky-fingered assistant Sasha and a circle of wannabes, has-beens and hangers-on (from a review of Jennifer Egan A visit from the Goon Squad).
3.	It was a handsome modem building, well situated on rising ground. (J. Austen Pride and Prejudice)
4.	The crowd itself was mischievous rather than ugly, like children given an unexpected vacation from school. (B. Cornwell Rebel)
5.	She smiled and extended both aims to examine her manicure in detail. When she tossed her head her hair fell around her shoulders and upper arms in a lovely auburn cascade. (S. Fry The Stars’ Tennis Balls)
6.	Maiy listens, frowning as the sun warms her hair and scalp through her bonnet. (A.B. Brown Flight of the Sparrow) 7
7. There was vitality enough left in her for a genuine laugh of innocent amusement. “Oh yes,” she said, merrily, “that’s what I always answer to all possible objectors to my w’ays and ideas. I reply with dignity,41 wras brought up in the family of a clergyman of the Church of England.’”
“And what does the Dean say to your views?” Alan interposed doubtfully.
Herminia laughed again. If her eyes were profound, two dimples saved her. (G. Allen The Woman Who Did)
89
8.	A thought comes to me gently, and it is in my mother’s voice: That ship has sailed, honey. Now you can either drown or hitch a ride on the next one. (E. Murphy The Disappearances}
9.	He gestured Arthur towards a chair. (D. Adams The Hitchhiker 's Guide to the Galaxy)
10.	It hadn’t properly registered with Arthur that the council wanted to knock down his house and build a bypass instead. The bulldozer outside the kitchen window was quite a big one. He staled at it. Fifteen seconds later Arthur Dent was out of the house and lying in front of a big yellow bulldozer that was advancing up his garden path.
“Come off it. Mr. Dent.” said Mr. Prosser. “You can’t lie in front of the bulldozer indefinitely.” He tried to make his eyes blaze fiercely but they just wouldn’t do it. “I’m afr aid you’re going to have to accept it.” he said gripping his fur hat and rolling it round the top of his head, “this bypass has got to be built and it’s going to be built!”
“First I’ve heard of it.” said Arthur, “why’s it going to be built?”
Mr. Prosser shook his finger at him for a bit. then stopped and put it away again.
“What do you mean, why’s it got to be built?” he said. “It’s a bypass. You’ve got to build bypasses.”
(D. Adams The Hitchhiker *s Guide to the Galaxy)
11.	He had been injured when I found him in the spring of 2007 and I’d nursed him back to health. (J. Bowen The little book of Bob)
12.	To judge by the wounds on his body when I met him. he’d been living a precarious existence. (J. Bowen The little book of Bob)
90
13.	My life has changed quite dramatically during that time, thanks to a series of memoirs about our life together and then a movie, A Street Cat Named Bob. This book is a collection of some of the experiences and insights I’ve gained during my years with Bob. (J. Bowen The little book of Bob)
14.	Helen was in the kitchen carving through salmon fillets while oblongs of sunlight fell in on her hands.
"They’re old.” She put the knife down and spread her fingers. “Are they really my hands?” He stood by her side, picked up the knife, and folded her fingers around the handle. “You’re beautiful.” said he. (S. Harvey The Wilderness)
15.	An indeterminate time later, an irritating voice inserted itself into your awareness. “Jack. Hello? Have you got a spare minute?” (Ch. Stross Halting State)
3. Переведите данные отрывки, включающие описания внешности и манеры речи героев. Прокомментируйте различия в лексической сочетаемости в английском и русском языках.
1.	Не was a strong and handsome man, with snow-white hail- and shrewd eyes easily moved to sympathy. (P. Carey Parrot and Olivier in America)
2.	He is a spare thin person of 5ft 9ins high with large hook’d nose, blinkey’d eye, long visage. (J. Hamilton Thomas Gainsborough: A Portrait)
3.	He always wears a hat — a Homburg in winter, a Panama in summer and beneath it his hail* is white, but still abundant. (T. CapoteBreakfastat Tiffany’s)
91
4.	She has a round, unlined face as smooth as a peeled egg. but her eyes, thougli kind, are like black holes, revealing nothing of the person behind them. (D. Mitchell Cloud Atlas)
5.	As always, his hail* was fluffy and squeaky clean. In truth he was not physically blessed, but as a consolation for his short, round, runty body, God had given him a fine head of hail* which he would probably keep, in varying shades, until he was eighty. (H. Latin The Gun Seller)
6.	Her age shall be no secret to the reader, thougli to her most intimate friends it had never been divulged. She was forty-three, but earned her years so well, and had received such gifts from nature, that it was impossible to deny that she was still a beautiful woman. (A. Trollope The Way We Live Now)
7.	Tristran Thom, at the age of seventeen, and only six months older than Victoria, was half the way between a boy and a man. and was equally uncomfortable in either role: he seemed to be composed chiefly of elbows and Adam’s apples. His hail* was the brown of sodden straw, and it stuck out at awkward. seventeen-year-old angles, wet and comb it howsoever much he tiled. (N. Gaiman Stardust)
8.	Soon a nervous-looking woman with an explosive mop of carrot-red hair — Meggot — was escorting him below^decks. and smearing a tliick. green ointment onto his hand, which cooled it and eased the pain. (N. Gaiman Stardust)
9.	He took another step, but he was still in the glen. He held up the candle, looking for a fallen star, a rock, perhaps, or a jewel, but he saw nothing. He heard something, thougli. under the babbling of the brook: a sniffling, and a swrallowring. The sound of someone trying not to cry.
92
“Hello?” said Tristian.
“Go away,” said a voice, all raw and gulping, as if it had just been crying, “just go away and leave me alone.” She was sprawled, awkwardly, beneath the hazel tree, and she gazed up at Tristran with a scowl of complete unfriendliness. She hefted another clod of mud at him. menacingly, but did not throw' it. Her eyes were red and raw. Her hair was so fair it was almost white, her dress was of blue silk which shimmered in the candlelight. She glittered as she sat there. (N. Gaiman Stardust)
10.	The lord’s voice wheezed out of him. like the wind being squeezed from a pair of rotten bellows. His living sons raised their heads: Primus, the oldest, with white hairs in his thick brown beard. Iris nose aquiline, his eyes grey, looked expectant: Tertius. his beard red-and-golden. his eyes a tawny brown, looked wary; Septimus, his black beard still coming in. tall and crowlike, looked blank, as he always looked blank. (N. Gaiman Stardust)
11.	I remember her as a small thing, pale and rather skinny, with quantities of red hair and ugly black-rimmed glasses. Now' the glasses w'ere gone, revealing huge eyes and lashes like moths’ wings, the hah w'as artfully sleek, and her graceful figure was barely contained in clinging black jersey above a pair of scar let, impossible heels. (J. Hanis Class of *81)
12.	“You going somewhere, mister?” a man accosted him.
The young man nodded, but said nothing. He was young, tall and lean, w ith long black hair and a clean-shaven face of flat planes and har sh angles, though at present his handsome looks w'ere soured by sleeplessness. His skin was sallow, accentuating his eyes, which were the same gray as the fog-wiapped sea around Nantucket, where Iris ancestors had lived. (B. Cornwell Rebel)
13.	He looked down at Herminia Barton’s face with a sudden start of surprise. Wiry, this was a girl of most unusual beauty! She
93
was tall and dark, with abundant black hair, richly waved above the ample forehead: and she wore a curious Oriental-looking navy-blue robe of some soft woolen stuff, that fell in natural folds and set off to the utmost the lissome grace of her rounded figure. (G. Allen The Woman Who Did)
14.	He was a compact, clearcut man. with precise features, a lot of very soft black hair, and thoughtful dark brown eyes. He had a look of wariness, which could change when he felt relaxed or happy, U'hich w'as not often in these difficult days, into a smile of amused friendliness and pleasiue which aroused feelings of warmth, and something more, in many women. (A. Byatt Possession)
15.	Selena — I can think of no especially striking feature by w'hich you might distinguish Selena from any other pretty woman in her middle tw enties, average in height and roundness of figure, with hair an inconstant shade of blonde: I mean, until she speaks: for her voice is unmistakable, smooth and persuasive, the envy of rival advocates. (S. Caudwell Thus Was Adonis Murdered)
16.	My neighbor let out a sharp, contemptuous bark of a laugh. He wras pale and thin, not very clean, with lank dark hair falling in his eyes and the unwholesome wanness of a runaway, calhised hands and black-circled nails chewed to the nub — not like the shinyhaired. ski-tanned skate rats from my school on the Upper West Side, punks whose dads w ere CEOs and Park Avenue surgeons, but a kid who might conceivably be sitting on a sidewalk somewhere with a stray dog on a rope. (D. Tartt The Goldfinch)
17.	When she comes out of the bain, the ginger-colored hairs on the nape of her neck rise and she thinks she hears the Devil’s footsteps rounding the comer of the lane. A moment later, she sees it is not the Devil, but Edmund Parker, in nightshirt and breeches, pounding towaid her in his bare feet, hail* flying about his head like tufts of wiiite flame. His eyes bulge and the mottled birthmark on his left
94
cheek bums dark red. Mary hurries to steady him when she sees his legs sway. They look as rickety as a babe’s. His beard winks amber in the ominous light as he shakes his head. (W.M. Akers Westside: A Novel (A Gilda Carr Tiny Mystery))
18.	Margaret Louise Shelton. Madge as she was known to the servants and fanners on her uncle’s manor in Edenbridge, Kent, was fifteen years old and already a handfill for her muse. Cate. Tall and thin with a smallish bosom, a delicate waist, and flaring hips. Madge was quickly becoming a beauty and she knew it. Her green eyes were wide and expressive, showing every nuance of feeling a young woman could experience. When angry, her eyes narrowed and actually darkened. When happy, her eyes seemed lit from a secret sunshine within. When sad. her eyes turned watery and red-rimmed, much to her chagrin. (A. Barnhill At the Mercy of the Queen)
19.	My brother Ben’s face, thought Eugene, is like a piece of slightly yellow ivory; his high white head is knotted fiercely by his old man’s scowl; his mouth is like a knife, his smile the flicker of light across a blade. His face is like a blade, and a knife, and a flicker of light: it is delicate and fierce, and scowls beautifully forever, and when he fastens his hard white fingers and his scowling eyes upon a thing he w^ants to fix, he sniffs with sharp and private concentration through his long, pointed nose... his hair shines like that of a yoiuig boy — it is crinkled and crisp as lettuce. (T. Wolfe Look Homeward, Angel)
20.	The cardinal joins his hands. He makes a great, deep, smiling sigli. like a leopard settling in a warm spot. He regards his man of business; his man of business regards him. The cardinal, at fifty-five, is still as handsome as he was in his prime. Tonight he is dressed not in his everyday scarlet, but in blackish purple and fine white lace: like a humble bishop. His height impresses; his belly, which should in justice belong to a more sedentary man. is merely another
95
princely aspect of his being, and on it. confidingly, he often rests a large, white, beringed hand. A large head — surely designed by God to support the papal tiara — is carried superbly on broad shoulders: shoulders upon which rest (though not at this moment) the great chain of Lord Chancellor of England. The head inclines; the cardinal says, in those honeyed tones, famous from here to Vienna, ‘So now, tell me how was Yorkshire.’ (H. Mantel Wolf Hall)
РАЗДЕЛ 5
СТИЛИСТИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ ПЕРЕВОДА (стратегии перевода; передача аллюзий, антропонимов, сравнений, метафор, игры слов, аллитерации, повторов, эмфазы)
1.	Проанализируйте перевод данных ниже отрывков из английских сказок. Определите стратегию перевода, которой придерживались переводчики в каждом случае (доместикация, форенизация; их комбинация, так называемая «золотая середина»).
1.	So he took the cow’s halter in his hand, and off he stalls. He hadn’t gone far when he met a funny-looking old man who said to him: “Good morning. Jack.” {Jack and the beanstalk)
Завязал он веревку корове на шею и повел ее на базар. Долго ли, коротко ли шел. глядит — идет старичок чудной и кличет Джека по имени.
2.	Well, the ogre’s wife wasn’t such a bad soil, after all. So she took Jack into the kitchen, and gave him a junk of bread and cheese and a jug of milk. {Jack and the beanstalk)
Смилостивилась великанова жена. Джека к столу пригласила. стала хлебом с сыром кормить, молоком поить.
3.	Mr. Fitzwarren soon saw their love for each other, and proposed to join them in marriage; and to this they both readily agreed. A day for the wedding was soon fixed; and they were at
97
tended to church by the Lord Mayor, the court of aidermen. the sheriffs, and a great number of the richest merchants in London, whom they afterwards treated with a very rich feast. History tells us that Mr. Whittington and his lady liven in great splendour, and were very happy. They had several children. He was Sheriff of London, thrice Lord Mayor, and received the honour of knighthood by Henry V. (Whittington and his cat)
Мистер Фитцуоррен вскоре заметил их взаимную любовь и предложил им обвенчаться, на что оба охотно согласились. Был назначен день свадьбы, и в церковь жениха и невесту сопровождали лорд-мэр, олдермены, шерифы и самые богатые купцы Лондона. После венчания всех пригласили на богатый пир. История повествует нам. что мистер Уиттингтон и его супруга жили в богатстве и роскоши и были очень счастливы. У них было несколько детей. Уиттингтона один раз избрали шерифом Лондона, трижды избирали лорд-мэром, а при Генрихе V он удостоился рыцарского звания.
4.	And away went poor Jack upon his road, and walked till he was tired and hungry, for he had eaten all his cake upon the road: and by this time night was upon him. so he could hardly see his way before him. He could see some light a long way before him. and he made up to it. and found the back door and knocked at it, till one of the maid-servants came and asked him what he wanted. He said that night was on him, and he wanted to get some place to sleep. The maid-servant called him in to the fire, and gave him plenty to eat, good meat and bread and beer; and as he was eating his food by the fire, there came the young lady to look at him. and she loved him well and he loved her. And the young lady ran to tell her father, and said there was a pretty young man in the back kitchen: and immediately the gentleman came to him, and questioned him, and asked what work he could do. Jack said, the silly fellow; that he could do anything. (He meant that he could do any foolish bit of work, that would be w anted about the house.)
98
‘‘Well.” says the gentleman to him. “if yon can do anything, at eight o’clock in the morning I must have a great lake and some of the largest man-of-war vessels sailing before my mansion, and one of the largest vessels must fire a royal salute, and the last round must break the leg of the bed where my young daughter is sleeping. And if you don’t do that, you will have to forfeit your life.”
“All right.” said Jack: and away he went to his bed. (Jack and His Golden Snuff-Box}
II вот пошел бедняга Джек своей дорогой и все шел и шел. пока из сил не выбился. Да и есть захотелось — лепешку-то он уже съел. К тому времени настала ночь, и он едва различал дорогу. Вдруг вдалеке затеплился огонек, и Джек зашагал в ту сторону. Подошел к какому-то дому, разыскал черный ход и постучался в дверь. Из дома вышла служанка и спросила, чего ему надо. Джек ответил, что на дворе ночь, а ему негде переночевать. Тогда служанка пригласила его в комнаты, усадила перед очагом и подала ему всякой еды: и жареного мяса, и хлеба, и пива. А пока Джек сидел у огня и ужинал, в комнату вошла молодая леди, хозяйская дочь, чтобы посмотреть на него. Она тут же влюбилась в него, а он в нее. И вот молодая леди побежала к отцу и сказала, что в кухне у них сидит красивый юноша. Джентльмен тотчас вышел к Джеку, стал его расспрашивать и под конец спросил, что он умеет делать. А Джек по глупости возьми да и скажи:
— Все умею!
Он ведь думал, что речь идет о пустяковой работе по дому.
— Так! — сказал джентльмен. — Ну раз ты все умеешь, сделай вот что: завтра к восьми утра пусть разольется перед домом моим огромное озеро, а по озеру пусть поплывут военные корабли, самые большие, какие есть на свете; один корабль пусть даст королевский салют и последним выстрелом выбьет ножку у кровати, на которой спит моя младшая дочь. А если ты всего этого не сделаешь, прощайся с жизнью!
— Ладно! — ответил Джек и отправился спать.
99
2.	Определите стратегии перевода следующих детских сказок.
Аргументируйте свое мнение.
1.	Камешков для бульканья почти не осталось, надо идти искать. И только нашел он один, совсем белый, как на том берегу возник Пронырсен.
— Все камни бросаешь. — сказал Пронырсен.
— Да, — кивнул Простодурсен. — бульки. Сегодня как раз хороший день, а то в дождь на реке и без того все булькает.
— Смотри не перетрудись тут, — съязвил Пронырсен и исчез так же внезапно, как появился. Простодурсен стоял, перекатывая в ладони камешек. Из пекарни Ковригсена вкусно-превкусно пахло хлебом. Может, пойти за коврижкой, а последний бульк припрятать на потом? (Р. Белсвик Простодурсен. Зима от начала до конца. Пер. О. Дробот)
2.	В местечке под названием Дюлаглюпе, что по-русски значит «Хутор долинных гномов», живут ниссе. Это норвежские гномы. Их маленький домик находится на вершине холма, на лужайке. среди серых валунов. В ненастную погоду, издалека, домик напоминает съежившегося и дрожащего от холода старичка в старом пальтишке. В домике живут восемь гномов-ниссе: Мама Ниссе, Папа Ниссе, четверо малышей. Бабушка-старушка и Дедушка Храп. (Ф. Ингульстад Кривуля. Пер. Н. Будур)
3.	Первым странную перемену в окружающем заметал Эла-стер, когда они были уже близко от города.
— Откуда здесь эти новые дома? — подивится он. — Ручаюсь. вчера вечером на этом месте быт пустырь.
— Вечером было темно, — ответит Джон. — ты мог их не заметить. К тому же эта дома мне вовсе не кажутся такими уж новыми.
— А этот мост ты вчера видел? — спросит Эластер.
— Точно не помню, — ответил неуверенно Джон.
— Если б он быт вчера, мы бы по нему прошли, ведь верно?
юо
Джона начало разбирать сомнение. Все теперь казалось ему не таким, как вчера. Он решил обратиться к прохожему и выяснить. там ли они находятся, где предполагают. Но первый, кого они встретили, оказался очень странно одетый господин и. когда Джон спросил его про мост и дома, он со смехом ответил, что они стоят на этом месте уже давным-давно. Прощаясь с ними, он опять рассмеялся, заметив:
— Ну и чудная вы парочка! С костюмированного бала, что ли. вы идете в этом смешном старомодном платье? Два скрипача из Стратспи. Пер. Н. Шерешевской)
4.	Жил на полуострове Кинтайр в Арделве рыбак по имени Эйн Макрэй. В один зимний денек, когда надежд на удачный улов не было никаких, потому как на море гулял шторм. Эйн надумал запасти для своей лодки новый киль и отправился в лес, что лежит между Тотэгом и Гленелгом, надеясь там найти дерево как раз нужной ему длины. Но только он присмотрел подходящее дерево, как с гор спустился густой туман и в лесу стало темно, хоть глаз выколи. Место это, куда забрел Эйн. было далеко от его дома, и как только туман спустился, первым желанием незадачливого рыбака было поскорее вернуться назад. И он пошел по тропинке, которую едва мог различать, думая, что это та самая, по какой он пришел в лес, и что она уж наверное доведет его до Арделва. Но очень скоро он понял, что ошибся, так как тропинка вывела его из леса на какое-то незнакомое место у подножия холма, и к тому времени, когда сгустились сумерки, он окончательно сбился с пути. (Синяя шапочка. Пер. Н. Шерешевской)
5.	В царствование доброго короля Артура в графстве Корнуэлл. на мысу Лэндс-энд жил крестьянин и был у этого крестьянина единственный сын по имени Джек. Джек был ловкий парень с таким быстрым и живым умом, что никто и ни в чем не мог с ним потягаться. В те дни на островке, именуемом Корнуэллская гора, обитал страшный великан Кормо-
101
рен. Ростом он был в восемнадцать футов, в обхват целых три ярда, а лицом- страшилище. Был он так свиреп и грозен, что все окрестные города и села дрожали перед ним. Жил Кор-морен в пещере, в самом сердце горы, а когда ему хотелось есть, он брел по воде на большую землю и хватал все, что ни попадалось под руку. Завидев его, люди покидали свои дома и разбегались кто куда. Великан ловил их скот. — ему было нипочем тащить на спине полдюжины быков зараз, а овец и свиней он просто нанизывал себе на пояс, как связку сальных свечей. Многие годы он был грозой всего Корнуэлла и довел жителей до полного отчаяния. (Джек — победитель ветка-нов. Пер. Н. Шерешевской)
6.	В царствование короля Артура в графстве Корнуолл, на самом краю Англии, жил богатый крестьянин, у которого был единственный сын по имени Джек. Проворен и находчив был этот Джек, а чего не мог достичь силой и напором, добивался сообразительностью и хитростью. Никто никогда не слышал, чтобы кто-нибудь победил Джека, а сам он очень часто сбивал с толку даже людей сведущих, и все благодаря своему острому уму и смекалке. В те времена на горе Корнуолл жил огромный и безобразный великан пяти с половиной метров ростом и метра три в обхвате. Он был свиреп и жесток и держал в страхе все соседние города и деревни. Поселился великан в пещере посреди горы и не позволял никому даже проходить рядом. Зато сам великан частенько наведывался в гости в соседние деревни, где без разбора хватал все, что попадалось под его огромную руку. Заслышав его тяжелые шаги по равнине, добрые люди покидали свои жилища, а он забирал у них быков, овец и свиней, чтобы насытиться. А был этот великан очень прожорлив. Ему ничего не стоило взвалить на спину полдюжины быков, а что касается овец и свиней, он подвешивал их связками к своему широкому поясу. Много лет совершал он свои опустошительные набеги и. в конце концов, разорил весь
102
Корнуолл. (Джек — истребитель вечиканов. Пер. Т. Гудковой и Ю. Зыбина)
7.	Вся семья — за исключением Малыша, конечно. — считала. что Карлсон самый вздорный, самый дерзкий, самый несносный озорник, какой только бывает на свете. (А. Линдгрен Малыш и Карлсон, который живет на крыше. Пер. Л. Лунгиной)
8.	Все семейство — разумеется, кроме Малыша — считало, что Карлссон — самая несносная, самая взбалмошная, самая избалованная. самая наглая и вороватая тварь, какая только есть на свете. (А. Линдгрен Карлссон, который живет на крыше. Пер. Л. Брауде)
9.
Божья коровка.
Полети на небо.
Принеси нам хлеба.
Сушек, плюшек.
Сладеньких ватрушек. (А. Линдгрен Малыш и Карлсон, который живет на крыше. Пер. Л. Лунгиной)
10.
Корова
На крыльях блестящих
К нам в кухню
Спустилась с небес.
Ей булочек хочется тоже.
Она их с охотою съест. (А. Линдгрен Карлссон, который живет на крыше. Пер. Л. Брауде)
3.	Найдите в Священном Писании на английском языке прото-тексты, к которым отсылают выделенные фрагменты. Найди
103
те соответствующие им русские тексты в Библии. Переведите данные отрывки.
Пример:
She was too sleepy to notice much of her surroundings, and too bored. She wondered if she had been wise to come. She reflected on the length, the air of neglect and the intricate convolutions of the corridors through which Judith had led her to her bedroom, and a decided that if these were typical of the rest of the house, and if Judith and Adam were typical of the people who lived in it. her task would indeed be long and difficult. However, her hand was on the handle of the plough, and she would not turn back. (S. Gibbons Cold Comfort Farm)
Прототекст: No one who puts a hand to the plow and looks back is fit for senice in the kingdom of God. (Luke 9:62)
Она так устала, что почти не обращала внимания на обстановку комнаты. Решение приехать сюда казалось все менее разумным. Флора вспоминала длинные запутанные коридоры, которыми вела ее кузина и подумала: если весь дом такой же и если Адам и Юдифь — типичные представители здешней публики, то превратить эту ферму в культурное место будет непросто. Однако она возложила руку на плуг и не собиралась озираться. (пер. Е. Доброхотовой-Майковой)
Прототекст: Никто, возюживший рулу свою на плуг и озирающийся назад, не благонадежен для Царствия Божия. (Евангелие от Луки. 9:62).
1.	Mary smiles down at her daughters. “How can he complain?" she says. “Did not our Lord Himself promise that no bird is outside the Father's care?" (A.B. Broun Flight of the Sparrow)
2.	“He says that we are bought with a price, and that we ought not to be servants of men,” Bess says quietly. (A.B. Broun Flight of the Sparrow)
104
3.	You will infect others with your fears. You must be strong in the Lord, (A.B. Brown Flight of the Sparrow)
4.	“So you see. Hilary,” said Selena, “no one’s on holiday. Except Julia, of course. She should be in Venice by now.”
“Julia?” I said, much astonished. “You haven’t let Julia go off on her own to Venice, surely?”
“Л/н asked Selena. "Julia's keeper?" (S. Caudwell Thus Was Adonis Murdered)
5.	“If Mr. Braithwaite gave you your first break, and took you into Ills house, and put you through night school, and won you away from that wicked Uncle Benny of yours, he has my vote alive or dead.”
“I’m very glad you feel that, darling.”
“You should honour and revere him and tell our children about him as they grow up, so that they know how a Good Samaritan can save a young orphan’s life.” (J. le Carre The Tailor of Panama)
6.	To everything there is a season, a time to build, a time to reap and a time to sow. And a time to heal. This is the time to heal in America. (President-elect Joe Biden’s victory speech)
7.	He has remembered this evening so often that he has muddied it with his mind — but there it was in any case and however it came to be. There in Psalms it said. Shall thy wonders be known in the dark? And thy righteousness in the land of forgetfulness? (S. Harvey The Wilderness)
8.	For jealousy' is the rage of a man: therefore he will not spare in the day of vengeance. (R. Kipling Dray Wara Yow Dee; epigraph)
9.	The Sun Also Rises (E. Hemingway, a novel title)
105
10.	“One generation passeth away, and another generation cometh; but the earth abideth forever... The sun also ariseth, and the sun goeth down, and hasteth to the place where he arose... The wind goeth toward the south, and turneth about unto the north; it whirleth about continually, and the wind returneth again according to his circuits.... All the rivers run into the sea; yet the sea is not full; unto the place fivm whence the rivers come, thither they return again." (E. Hemingway The Sun Also Rises; epigraph)
4.	Укажите аллюзии в следующих текстах. Переведите данные отрывки.
1.
By the rivers of Babylon, there we sat down. yeah.
we wept, when we remembered Zion.
There the wicked carried us away in captivity required from us a song.
Now how shall we sing the Lord’s
song in a strange land? (Boney-M Rivers of Babylon)
2.	I always pay my debts. I’m a Lannister. (Suits: season 2, episode 10)
3.	Now I know somethin bout idiots. Probly the only thing I do know bout, but I done read up on em — all the way from that Doy-chee-eveskie guy’s idiot, to King Lear’s fool, an Faulkner’s idiot, Benjie, an even ole Boo Radley in To Kill a Mockingbird — now he was a serious idiot. The one I like best tho is ole Lennie in Of Mice an Men. (W. Groom Forrest Gump)
4.	Dr. Jekyll and Mr. McDuck. (Name of the cartoon)
5.	The Monster Frankenpooh. (Name of the cartoon)
106
5.	К каким прецедентным текстам отсылают выделенные фрагменты? Переведите данные отрывки. В каких случаях требуется прагматическая адаптация текста? Сопроводите перевод в случае необходимости комментарием, поясняющим аллюзию.
Пример:
Wolf Hall (the title of the historical novel by H. Mantel) — во-первых, название романа является отсылкой к латинской пословице "Homo homini lupus” (Человек человеку волк). Во-вторых, это отсылка к названию родового поместья семьи Сеймур в Уилтшире — Wolfhall.
1.	Dad was immersing himself in the Bible, studying Dante and Homer, finishing a doctorate in chemistry so he could teach at Belmont Abbey College, becoming ordained, learning rituals. But his guilt found a cunning new avenue of attack. As the world's arc bent toward justice, he felt he was engaged in a form of escapism — devotion to God was a moral failing greater than all the rest. (J. Denk. Every' Good Boy Does Fine: A Love Story', in Music Lessons)
2.	Now that I had my grand taking up prime real estate in our family den. Lillian demanded I practice an hour a day. I was stunned. Piano was now a work camp. Was it too late to get off this moving train? I’d go though my music pieces once, then twice. By the third Sisyphean time the music seemed a million percent less charming, and harder than when I stalled. (J. Denk. Even' Good Boy Does Fine: A Love Story, in Music Lessons)
3.	Henry recited in a voice as sonorous as any schooled dramatist: "Thou modest him to have dominion over the works of thy hands; thou has put all things under his feet: all sheep and oxen, yea and the beasts of the field; the fowl of the air and the fish of the sea and whatsoever passeth through the paths of the seas." (D. Mitchell Cloud Atlas)
107
4.	You’re in a room full of strangers. Your cheeks are turning red. your knees are weak (palms are sweaty, mum’s spaghetti...) and you just can’t get the words out in the right order. Don't worry, you’re not alone! It’s not unusual to get social awkwardness. (A guide to conquering social awkwardness)
5.	His name was Boris. Somehow we found ourselves standing together in the crowd that w*as waiting for the bus after school that day.
“Hall. Harry Potter” he said, as he looked me over.
“Fuck you.” I said listlessly. It wras not the first time, in Vegas, I’d heard the Hany Potter conunent. My New' York clothes — khakis, white oxford shirts, the tortoiseshell glasses which I luifortunately needed to see — made me look like a freak at a school where most people dr essed in tank tops and flip flops.
“Where’s your broomstick?'
“Left it at Hogwarts” I said. “What about you? Where’s your board?”
“Eh?" he said, leaning in to me and cupping his hand behind his ear* with an old-mannish, deaf-looking gesture. He was half a head taller than me; along with jungle boots and bizarre old fatigues with the knees busted out. he was wearing a ratted-up black T-shirt with a snowboarding logo, ‘Never Simuner’ in white gothic letters.
“Your shirt.” I said, with a curt nod. “Not much boarding in the desert.”
“Nyali,” said Boris, pushing the stringy dark hair out of his eyes. “I don’t know how’ to snowboard. I just hate the sun.” (D. Tartt The Goldfinch)
6.	There are distinct Jack-the-Lad tendencies about Gainsborough the young man. although marriage to the strong-willed Margaret and fatherhood will have tempered him. as they would temper any. Tire cocksiue attitude of the cliche, ‘swigging, gigging, kissing, drinking, fighting’, had echoes in the youthfill Gainsborough. (J. Hamilton Thomas Gainsborough: A Portrait)
108
6.	Переведите следующие отрывки, обращая внимание на передачу выделенных антропонимов и аббревиатурных прозвищ. Прокомментируйте выбранный способ передачи антропонимов и прозвищ. Какие культурно-специфические различия английского и русского языков демонстрируют данные примеры?
1.	That’s why you have these wars, believe it or not, to bail the Democrats out of their crazy economics. LBJ, now, as soon as he got his four-year guarantee, went into Vietnam where nobody wanted us, just to get the coloreds up into the economy. LBJ, he was an FDR man. (J. Updike Rabbit Redux)
2.	The door to their apartment was slightly ajar and I could hear Will talking to the TV in the study, as usual. In the old days Will had scooped Liza Minnelli’s relapse and RFK’s affairs and Patty Hearst’s leap from socialite to cult member. It was the “amorality” of the Dems that finally pushed him toward politics instead of all things glamorous. (L. Weisberger Everyone Worth Knowing)
3.	Message from the King is a 2016 revenge-action-thriller film directed by Fabrice Du Welz. Jacob King, who lives in South Africa, receives a message from his estranged sister Bianca, who lives in Los Angeles with her husband and stepson, that she is in trouble.
4.	According to the Book of Genesis, Jacob was the third Hebrew progenitor with whom God made a covenant.
5.	JFK served at the height of the Cold War, and the majority of his presidency dealt with managing relations with the Soviet Union.
6.	GBS would have been the greatest scenario-writer for the screen if I had met him twenty-five years earlier.
109
7.	He was Gilbert & Sullivan’s original comic patterman who sang his own songs at both public & private recitals as well as being a composer of a number of operettas & creator & performer of literally hundreds of comic songs, 24 of which are performed on this CD. One thing GG was NOT was a music-hall artist...
8.	James Hillier Blount, better known by his stage name James Bhuit. rose to fame in 2004 with the release of liis debut album Back to Bedlam.
9.	James, the son of Zebedee, was called along with this brother John to be one of Jesus’s twelve apostles who would accompany him on his ministry.
10.	Pope Paul VI was head of the Catholic Chin ch and sovereign of the Vatican City from 21 June 1963 to his death in 1978. Succeeding John XXIII. he continued the Second Vatican Council. which he closed in 1965.
7.	Переведите следующие отрывки, обращая особое внимание на передачу сравнений. Прокомментируйте свой вариант передачи сравнений. Удалось ли избежать потерь при переводе (смысловых, стилистических)?
1.	Words like nonce-word-aholic make me happy as a chocolate puppy on a spring day, and I collect nonces in my humorous, not-for-kids. dictionary blog. (BNC)
2.	The storm conies in like a finger snap. (K.M. Hargrave The Mercies}
3.	They eat nothing but old bread, settling like pebbles in their stomachs. (K.M. Hargrave The Mercies)
no
4.	Then she walks straight past Maren. close enough so Maren can see the tears on her cheeks. Maren should reach out to her. say something, but her tongue feels useless as a pebble. (K.M. Hargrave The Mercies')
5.	The eighty-first Lord of Stonnhold lay dying in his chamber. which was can ed from the highest peak like a hole in a rotten tooth. The lord’s voice wheezed out of him, like the wind being squeezed from a pair of rotten bellows. (N. Gaiman Stardust)
6.	It was this man who held up the topaz and said four words in a long-dead tongue, words which hung on the air like the strokes of a huge bronze gong. (N. Gaiman Stardust)
7.	“To he who retrieves the stone, which is the Power of Stonnhold. I leave my blessing, and the Mastership of Stonnhold and all its dominions.” said the eighty-first lord, his voice losing power as he spoke, until once again it was the creak of an old, old man, like the wind blowing through an abandoned house. (N. Gaiman Stardust)
8.	In the middle of the night Egan was jolted awake by a violent crash of thunder. In the sudden wind, raindrops pelted his window like handfuls of berries. (N. Babbit Kneeknock Rise)
9.	Every week, she said I had to decide which finger went with which note, and stick to it. You had to connect the notes so that they felt like toothpaste squeezed out of a tube, not a series of arbitrary lumps. (J. Denk Every4 Good Boy Does Fine: A Love Story, in Music Lessons)
10.	You would have laughed (from a safe distance), if you had seen the dwarves sitting up in the trees with then beards dangling down, like old gentlemen gone cracked and playing at being boys. (J.R.R. Tolkien ГЛе Hobbit)
in
8.	Укажите сравнения в данных ниже отрывках. Переведите отрывки, прокомментируйте свой перевод.
1.	That’s how it went, smooth as silk when you’ve got a diplomatic passport and a title. Americans are awfully impressed by titles. (P. Gallico Mrs. Arris Goes to New York)
2.	Nina had bold blue eyes, black hair that she sometimes plaited and legs like a principal boy. (B. Bainbridge Winter Garden)
3.1 could hear Gloria whispering to Isabella: from the comer of my eye I saw Dizzy watching me with that hungry, amused look, like a cat outside a mousehole. (J. Hanis Class of (81)
4.	His heart beat like a clock, keeping secret time. (R.Ch. Wilson Darwinia)
5.	The spectacular and unexplained celestial lights vanished abruptly before dawn. scything away from the horizon like a burning blade. (R.Ch. Wilson Darwinia)
6.	Some of the trees curled at the top like folded fems, or opened into cup-shapes or bulbous, fungal domes, like the crowns of Turkish churches. (R.Ch. Wilson Darwinia)
7.	“It’s like the aurora,” his mother said, her voice hushed and uncertain.
It was an aurora that shimmered like a curtain in a slow wind and cast subtle shadows over the whitewashed fence and the winterbrown garden. The great w all of light, now green as bottle glass, now blue as the evening sea. made no sound. It was as soimdless as Halley’s Comet had been, two years ago. (R.Ch. Wilson Darwinia)
8.	When she eased herself down from the bed. when she tiptoed from the room, he was sleeping like an innocent, and also snoring
112
like one. in a regular, gentle, maddening way. (M.E. Atwood The Robber Bride)
9.	My name is Stephen Leonard Jones and I am twenty-five years old and I have just come in a rocket from a planet called Earth and I am standing with my good friends by an old well on the planet Mais. ...Our feet walk in the sand and it is as if a great hand with twelve fingers were moving across the hot sea bottom. (R. Bradbury The one who w aits)
10.	“I mean, she doesn’t smile as much as you do. That’s probably why she hasn’t got so many lines.” I grasped the table for support, trying to get my breath. I am ageing prematurely, I realized. Like a time-release film of a plum turning into a prune. (H. Fielding Bridget Jones Diary)
11.	The chapel bell was summoning the God-fearing of Ocean Bay & I hurried thitherwards, where Henry waited. The chapel creaked like an old tub, and its congregation immbered little more than the digits of two hands, but no traveler ever quenched his thirst at a desert oasis more thankfully than Henry and I gave worship this morning. (D. Mitchell Cloud Adas)
12.	Scrooge had a veiy small fire, but the clerk’s fire was so veiy much smaller that it looked like one coal. (Ch. Dickens A Christinas Carol in Prose)
13.	Marley’s face. It was not in impenetrable shadow, as the other objects in the yard were, but had a dismal light about it. like a bad lobster in a dark cellar. (Ch. Dickens A Christinas Carol in Prose)
14.	Oh! But he was a tight-fisted hand at the grindstone. Scrooge! A squeezing, wrenching, grasping, scraping, clutching, covetous old sinner! Hard and sharp as flint, from which no steel had ever struck
из
out generous fire; secret, and self-contained, and solitary as an oyster. (Ch. Dickens A Christinas Carol in Prose)
15.	The ancient tower of a church, whose gruff old bell was always peeping slyly down at Scrooge out of a Gothic window7 in the wall, became invisible, and struck the hours and quarters in the clouds, with tremulous vibrations afterwards, as if its teeth were chattering in its frozen head up there. (Ch. Dickens A Christmas Carol in Prose)
16.	There was a str eak of wizardry in him. like the str eak of fire in damp, smoldering wood. (P.A. McKillip The Forgotten Beasts of Eld)
17.	It was a shadow in the shadows, a black mist taller than she, with eyes like circles of sightless gleaming ice. (P.A. McKillip The Forgotten Beasts of Eld)
18.	She felt as a ship in the midst of a tempest, helpless before towering waves of grief. The wound to her heart has never healed. (A.B. Broun Flight of the Sparrow)
19.	Under the warm afternoon sun. the land rolled gently into the distance, reminding Brody of a restless sea. and the scattered farmhouses were like ships riding those swells. (W.K. Krueger The River We Remember)
20.	Kudda nodded. “You can watch night travel up the tower, from the ground up to tire sky. It moves quickly, but you should be able to see it.”
He watched the red globe of the sun for a minute, and then looked down and pointed. “Now!”
Hillahun and Nanni looked down. At the base of the immense pillar, tiny Babylon was in shadow. Then the darkness climbed the tower, like a canopy unfurling upward. It moved slowly enough that
114
Hillalum felt he could count the moments passing, but then it grew faster as it approached, until it raced past them faster than he could blink, and they were in twilight. (T. Chiang Tower of Babylon)
9.	Какие различия между английской и русской языковой картиной мира проявились при переводе выделенной метафоры? Какой вариант передачи этой метафоры в переводе — а) или б) — вам кажется более предпочтительным? Аргументируйте свою точку зрения.
The building was a cement monstrosity on Thirty-fourth and First a multiwinged behemoth that housed such illustrious tenants as one teenage member of a dismantled boy band, one professional squash player, one В-list pom star and her stable of visitors, one average Joe. one former childhood actress who hadn’t worked in two decades, and hundreds upon hundreds of recent college graduates who couldn’t quite handle the idea of leaving the dorm or the fraternity house for good. (L. Weisberger Every one w orth knowing)
а)	Здание представляло собой бетонное чудище на Двадцать четвертой и Первой, многокорпусный левиафан, который населяла самая разнообразная публика: участник молодежной рок-группы, профессиональный игрок в сквош, второразрядная порнозвезда с постоянной клиентурой, соседка, раньше что-то значившая в реальном мире и молодежном объединении с одноименным названием, бывший средний американец и сотни, тысячи недавних выпускников университета, еще не отвыкших от жизни в общежитии.
б)	В многоэтажном бетонном монстре, расположенном на пересечении Тридцать четвертой и Первой авеню (этакий бегемот с флигелями), обитает самая разношерстная публика: участник молодежной рок-группы, профессиональный игрок в сквош, второразрядная порнозвезда с постоянной клиентурой, соседка, раньше что-то значившая в реальном мире и молодеж
115
ном объединении с одноименным названием, бывший средний американец и сотни, тысячи недавних выпускников университета, еще не отвыкших от жизни в общежитии.
10.	Переведите следующие отрывки, обращая особое внимание на передачу метафор и олицетворений. Прокомментируйте свой вариант перевода. Удалось ли избежать потерь при переводе (смысловых, стилистических)?
1.	Mari had been a sweetly gentle child: even her death was gentle. (A.B. Brown Flight of the Sparrow)
2.	Sybel took his sodden cloak, hung it to dry beside the file, and he stood at the health, drinking the flame, shuddering. (P.A. McKillip The Forgotten Beasts of Eld)
3.	Гт searching for the burnt copper of his hair, but on the way back to the platform I glimpse the tweed of his cap instead. (E. Murphy The Disappearances)
4.	Most of the offices you pass are empty and dark, but a faint rime of light frosts the night ahead of you as you near it. (Ch. Stress Halting State)
5.	His voice took on the quality of a cat snagging brushed nylon. (D. Adams The Hitchhiker ’s Guide to the Galaxy )
6.	These trees must be hollow, Buckley thought — the few fallen timbers at the shore had looked empty as straws — because the wind played long, low, melancholy tones on them. (R.Ch. Wilson Darwinia)
7.	It was Queenstown and it was Cork Harbor and it was Ireland, except that every trace of human civilization had been obliterated
116
and overgrown. What soil of weed springs up in March and swallows an Irish town? (R.Ch. Wilson Darwinia)
8.	They are packing his gospels and taking them for the king’s libraries. The texts are heavy to hold in the aims, and awkward as if they breathed, their pages are made of slunk vellum from stillborn calves. (H. Mantel Wolf Hall)
9.	He looked at Martian hills that times had worn with a crushing pressure of years. (R. Bradbury Dark they' were and golden-eyed)
10.	The sand is fire and the ship is silver fire in the hotness of the day and the heat is good to feel. (R. Bradbury The one who waits)
11.	The wind blew, whining. At any moment the Martian air might draw7 his soul from him. as marrow7 comes from a white bone. He looked at Martian hills that times had worn with a crushing pressure of years. (R. Bradbury The one who waits)
12.	Out of the mist, one hundred yards away, came Tyrannosaurus rex. And the head itself, a ton of sculptured stone, lifted easily upon the sky. Its mouth gaped, exposing a fence of teeth like daggers. Its eyes rolled, ostrich eggs, empty of all expression save hunger. (R. Bradbury Tyrannosaurus Rex)
13.	He was a gangling creahue of potential, a barrel of dynamite waiting for someone or something to light his fuse. (N. Gaiman Stardust)
14.	This lion was huge, the color of sand in the late afternoon. (N. Gaiman Stardust)
15.	“How d’you like your baths?” she asked, solicitously, “warm, hot. or boil-a-lobsterT' (N. Gaiman Stardust)
117
16.	In the afternoons, an amateur band played Christmas carols that hung tinny and fragile in the winter air. Outside, sleet tapped at the windowpanes and drizzled over the canal; and though the brocades were rich and the carpet was soft, still the winter light carried a chilly tone of 1943 (D. Tartt The Goldfinch)
17.	As each man and woman arrived he sank on to the diy glass and rested against his load: when the last of them came up with the party Dr Messinger would give the word and they would start off again, descending into the green heart of the forest before them. (E. Waugh A handful of dust)
18.	I’ve never lived anywhere but this house — which we fondly call “the Tilt" — and I know just where to place my hand on the banister to keep my balance and where to step so the stairs don’t creak. (E. Murphy The Disappearances)
19.	He lived in chambers which had once belonged to his deceased partner. They were a gloomy suite of rooms in a lowering pile of building up a yard, where it had so little business to be, that one could scarcely help fancying it must have run there when it was a young house, playing at hide-and-seek with other houses, and have forgotten the way out again. (Ch. Dickens A Christinas Carol in Prose)
20.	Historians are the quintessential voyeurs, noses pressed to Time's glass window. They can never actually be there on the battlefield, they can never join in those moments of supreme exaltation, or of supreme grief either. Theft re-creations are at the best just patchy waxworks. (M.E. Atwood The Robber Bride)
21.	West is leaning against the refrigerator. He is quite drunk. Tony can see it at once, she’s had enough practice.
“Hi, Tony,” he says. “How’s my little pal?”
“Actually I have to go,” she says.
118
“Night’s young” he says. “Have a beer.” He opens the black refrigerator, which is still white inside, and digs out two Molson’s Ex. (M.E. Atwood The Robber Bride)
22.	No organist played a Magnificat but the wind in the flue chimney, no choir sang a Nunc Dilnittis but the withering gulls. yet I fancy the Creator was not displeazed. We resembled more the Early Christians of Rome than any later Church encrusted with arcana and gem-stones. Communal prayer followed. (D. Mitchell Cloud Atlas)
23.	Where I had been an energized, confident, and curious child before, now I was noticeably shut down and had a new difficulty learning. And wliile all the other kids were learning to read. I couldn’t make any sense out of the letters. It would take me another tluee years to be able to read, and it continued to be a struggle and an uphill battle for a long time after that. (J. Kwik Limitless)
24.	The day the report was due. I put it in my backpack, excited about handing it to my teacher and even more excited about the response I anticipated she would have to what I’d done. I planned to give it to her at the end of class. But then she threw me a curveball I was not prepared to hit. About halfw ay through the class period, the teacher ended her lesson and told the students that she had a surprise for them. She said that I had been working on an extracredit герой and that she would like me to present it to the class — now. (J. Kwik Limitless)
25.	You were off in your own head, trying to figure out a strategy for reducing the Himalayan pile of junk data that your query agents are going to pull out of the database, and you just wished they’d all shut up so you could go back to drawing entity-relationship diagrams on the walls in green crayon. In fact, you were so far out there. You were, in short, coding.
“Jack. Hello? Have you got a spare minute?”
119
"No —” You shook yourself. "Uh.” Your bladder was threatening to go on strike, your left calf was standing in for a pincushion at a convention of Belgian lace-makers, and your eyes ached. "Hang on a moment.” You check-pointed the project and pulled your glasses off, then leaned back and stretched your anus over your head. "Okay, I’ve got a spare minute now.” (Ch. Stross Halting State)
11.	Объясните метафоры и аллюзии, использованные в названиях следующих художественных произведений.
1.	The Fish Bowl by Z. Cho
2.	The Sun Also Rises (Fiesta) by E. Hemingway
3.	A Farewell to Arms by E. Hemingway
4.	Thus Was Adonis Murdered by S. Caudwell
5.	Tower of Babylon by T. Chiang
6.	ИЪ//Ял/7ЬуН. Mantel
7.	The Thorn Birds by C. McCullough
8.	Noah 's Ark by J. Pinkney
9.	Like a Lamb to Slaughter by L. Block
10.	Leaven of Malice by R. Davies
11.	The Goldfinch by D. Taitt
12.	And Then There Were None by A. Christie
120
13.	Л Brave New World by A. Huxley
14.	East of Eden by J. Steinbeck
15.	In Dubious Battle by J. Steinbeck
16.	Look Homeward, Angel by Th. Wolfe
17.	Absalom, Absalom! by W. Faulkner
18.	Go Down Moses by W. Faulkner
19.	From Potter 's Field by P. Cornwell
20.	A Time to Kill by J. Grisham
12.	На чем основана игра слов в приведенном ниже диалоге? Какие качества приписываются кукушке в английской и русской картине мира? Переведите диалог, постарайтесь создать игру слов.
Lizzie: Andrew has cuckooed all the bread!
Daddy: Not a surprise really it is... he’s the cuckooiest Cuckoo I know.
13.	Переведите данные отрывки, содержащие игру слов. Удалось ли сохранить игру слов во всех случаях? Прокомментируйте свой вариант перевода.
1.	“Why do you doubt your senses?”
“Because,” said Scrooge, “a little thing affects them. A slight disorder of the stomach makes them cheats. You may be an undigested bit of beef, a blot of mustard, a crumb of cheese, a fragment of an underdone potato. There’s more of gravy than of
121
grave about you, whatever you are!” (Ch. Dickens A Christmas Carol in Prose)
2.	I have written books and I cannot unwrite them. (H. Mantel WblfHall)
3.	“Hey, Ossie, what do baby ghosts eat for breakfast? Dreaded wheat!” (K. Rassel Swamplandia!)
4.	Every boy in the village was in love with Victoria Forester. And many a sedate gentleman, quietly married with grey in his beard, would stare at her as she walked down the street, becoming, for a few moments, a boy once more, in the spring of his years with a spring in his step. (N. Gaiman Stardust)
5.	“Aaah!” went Ford Prefect, wrenching his head back as lumps of pain thumped through it. He could dimly see beside him Arthur lolling and rolling in his seat. (D. Adams The Hitchhiker ‘s Guide to the Galaxy)
6.	He was by no means a great warrior: in fact he was a nervous worried man. Today he was particularly nervous and worried because something had gone seriously wrong with his job. (D. Adams The Hitchhiker ’s Guide to the Galaxy )
7.	I w ent to Cambridge University. I took a number of baths — and a degree in English. I worried a lot about girls and what had happened to my bike. (D. Adams The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy)
8.	“You’d better be prepared for the jump into hyperspace. It’s unpleasantly like being drunk.”
“What’s so unpleasant about being drunk?”
“You ask a glass of water.” (D. Adams The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy)
122
9.	They were called “planters”, because they had been planted in the land from which the native Irish had been uprooted. (F. Delaney The Ireland Novels)
10.	“You know what?” one of the producers said. “This looks like a bad time.”
At that. Monty recovered himself. “Then maybe next time.” he said, with as much dignity as he could muster, ‘you’ll call first.” (R. Winters Would Like to Meet)
11.	“Here’s the deal. Ted. you’re my bro. And you’re about to become a henpecked, beaten down. shell of a man. So tonight, we are going to have one last awesome night together as bros. It’s a bro-ing away party. A special bro-casion. A bro-choice rally.”
“Oh. bro me.” (Яслг I met your mother, season 2, episode 18)
12.	“Aila.” he calls. “It’s strange. None of these smell.”
“Okay,” I say. I don't move. This is another one of his tricks, just to make me get up when I’m enjoying a nice breakfast.
“I’m not ragging!” he calls. “I haven’t smelled a single flower in this entire garden. See for yourself.”
“Okay,” I repeat. I stall grinning again as a thought comes to me. “So does that mean your finishing word is non-scents?”
“Har-har,” he says. He puts a hand on his jutting hip. “But bully for you. You remembered how to make a joke.” (E. Miuphy The Disappearances)
13.	A few hundred years along. I saw a veiy nervous-looking turkey standing in the soft shoulder, trying to thumb a ride, which is a good trick when you don’t have thumbs. The edgy turkey was holding up a fatalistic placard: Florida or Baste. Aroiuid the next bend was another mieasy bird, announcing its own hard hick stoiy: Just Got Fired. Will Work To Not Be Food. (B. Parham Sorry, We Can't Use Funny)
123
14.	And on Friday next, at midday, I shall be Victoria Monday. Perhaps yon could make something of that, my dear, in your speech at the wedding breakfast — that on Friday there will be nvo Mondays together! (N. Gaiman Stardust}
15.	In 2016, Trump accused Hillary Clinton of playing “the woman card. But the new documentary, The Man Card: White Male Identity Politics from Nixon to Trump (streaming free until the election) argues that Trump and many Republican presidential candidates before him are the ones playing the gender card, using a tough-guy persona to secure votes with men. The creator of the documentary, Jackson Katz says. “Presidential races are always about gender, but the gender they are about is masculinity and men.” ...The “ugly duck out of water” tales of two already beautiful women made up to look so-called unflattering with the eventual makeover scene revealing their true selves are a film and TV series that Fve watched countless times. I believe this is where I have to relinquish the man card that I received after I took a sip of my first pint. (Forbes)
14.	Переведите данные ниже отрывки, обращая особое внимание на перевод выделенных слов. Какой прием художественной выразительности использован в этих отрывках? Удалось ли вам использовать этот прием в переводе?
1.	The house stood on a slight rise just on the edge of the village. It stood on its own and looked over a broad spread of West Country farmland. Not a remarkable house by any means — it was about thirty years old. squattish, squarish, made of brick. (D. Adams The Hitchhiker 's Guide to the Galaxy)
2.	In the middle of the night Egan was jolted awake by a violent crash of thunder. In the sudden wind, raindrops pelted his window like handfills of berries. At the window Egan clutched the sill and stared out at the wet. swirling darkness. Leaves and twigs, caught
124
by the wind, hurried up. paused, and were swept away, and the rain chased in rivers down the glass. Once more, from far above, the low moan came faintly to his ears. It rose slowly, threading to a wail again, and held for a long, terrible moment. Egan stood speechless, and Ada, coming to his side, was quiet herself for once. At last the wail drooped, dwindled, died. (N. Babbit Kneeknock Rise)
3.	The youngest, the one who had come in from the outhouse, walked, painfully slowly, over to a high and ramshackle chest of drawers, and bent over. She took a lusting iron box from the bottommost drawer, and carried it over to her sisters. Something glittered golden in the bottom of the box. “Not much left.” sighed the youngest. “Then it’s a good thing that we’ve found a new one, isn’t it?” said the oldest, tartly (едко, саркастически), and with that she thrust a clawred hand into the box. Something golden tried to avoid her hand, but she caught it. wiggling and glimmering. opened her mouth, and popped it inside. There was a shivering and a shuddering in the center of the room. (N. Gaiman Stardust)
4.	Dunstan knew that it was rude to stare, and that, as a villager of Wall, he had every right to feel superior to all of the “furriners.” But he could smell unfamiliar spices on the air, and hear men and women speaking to each other in a hundred tongues, and he gawked and gazed unashamedly. (N. Gaiman Stardust)
5.	The tourists moved springily from buttock to buttock in the stands, slapping at the ubiquitous mosquitoes, unsticking their khaki shorts and their printed department-store skirts from their sweating thighs. They shushed and crushed against and cursed at one another. (K. Rassel Swamplandia!)
15.	В следующих отрывках укажите случаи композиционного повтора — лексические повторы и синтаксический паралле
125
лизм. Какую стилистическую функцию выполняют эти повторы? Переведите данные отрывки.
1.	There was a terrible ghastly silence. There was a terrible ghastly noise. There was a terrible ghastly silence. (D. Adams The Hitchhiker fs Guide to the Galaxy)
2.	1 thought if only I could locate it. I would find in that school a place where I finally fit in. a place where it was safe to be different, a place where I could discover and develop my own superpowers. (J. Kwik Limitless)
3.	Guilford belonged to what his parents still called “the new century.” It wasn’t new to him. He had lived in it almost all his life. He knew how electricity worked. He even understood radio. He w'as a twentieth-century person, privately scornful of the dusty past, the gaslight and mothball past. (R.Ch. Wilson Darwinia)
4.	There was no trace of the town. The harbor w;as unimproved. Where the streets of Queenstown should have been — should have teemed with exporters, cargo cranes, stevedores, emigrant Irishmen — there was only raw forest sweeping down to a rocky shore. (R.Ch. Wilson Darwinia)
5.	The light, witnesses said, w?as like a wall. It fell from the zenith. It divided the waters. It was visible from Khartoum (but in the northern sky) and from Tokyo (faintly, to the west). Hundreds of thousands of spectators gathered in the sheets, sleepless under the cold efflorescence. Reports flooded into New York until fourteen minutes before midnight. At 11:46 Eastern Time, the transatlantic cable fell suddenly and inexplicably silent. The silence of the Atlantic cable might have been explained by any number of simple catastrophes. Tire silence of the European land stations w*as far* more ominous. (R.Ch. Wilson Darwinia)
126
6.	It is tlirough Ashima’s letters that Ashoke and Ashima learn the details of Gogol’s life, the boy they had named for a Russian writer they had never met, the boy who has grown into a man they do not know, a man who has changed his name and distanced himself from them, a man who has forgotten the Bengali tongue, who has forgotten the rules of conduct that governed Ashoke and Ashima’s own youth. (J. Lahiri The Namesake)
7.	As an aside to this stoiy, Sara also mentioned that Lucheni indirectly stalled the First World Wai* by setting a precedent for the assassination of Austrian royals, wliich is w hat spawned the murder of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand fifteen years later, which is what flared the conflict between the Empire and the Serbian assassins, which is when Russia stepped up to defend their Serbian allies, which is when Austria mobilised its army, and Germany theirs in support, and France theirs in opposition, and Britain theirs in support of Frances opposition, and so: a wyar. (A. Home The Price of Glory \ Verdun 1916)
8.	Consider 1471 to be brilliant invention, instantly telling you the number of the last person who called. It w’as ironic, really, because when the three of us first found out about 1471 Sharon said she was totally against it. considering it exploitation by British Telecom of the addictive personalities and relationship-breakdown epidemic among the British populace. Some people are apparently calling it upw?ards of twenty times a day. Jude, on the other hand, is strongly in favour of 1471, but does concede that if you have just split up with someone it doubles misery potential when you come home: no-number-stored-on-1471-misery, to add to no-message-on-answ-erphone-misery, or number-stored-tuming-out-to-be-Mother’s-misery. (H. Fielding Bridget Jones Diary )
9.	Hill a him thought of the story told to him in childhood, the tale follow ing that of the Deluge. It told of how men had once again populated all the comers of the earth, inhabiting more lands than they
Г27
ever had before. How men had sailed to the edges of the world, and seen the ocean falling aw?ay into the mist to join the black waters of the Abyss far below. How men had thus realized the extent of the earth, and felt it to be small, and desired to see what lay beyond its borders, all the rest of Yahweh’s Creation. How they looked skyward. and wondered about Yahweh’s dwelling place, above the reservoirs that contained the waters of heaven. And how, many centuries ago, there began the construction of the tower, a pillar* to heaven, a stair that men might ascend to see the works of Yahweh, and that Yahweh might descend to see the works of men. (T. Chiang Tbirer of Babylon)
10.	Having at least two dealers, Betew and Boydell, interested in his work should have been a special fillip: this was such a good time for a young artist to be in London. With the development of Vauxhall Gardens and the decorative painting work that was available to him there, it was a very good time to be in London. Further, the plethora of work and training available for young artists, and the growth of the Foundling Hospital as a platform for display, made it an extremely good time to be in London. And more: the market in old masters created the opportunity for Gainsborough to study, clean, repair, copy, and perhaps buy, seventeenth-century Dutch paintings. This made it a wonderful time to be in London. With the freedom that he discovered, to grow7 up away from Sudbury, and to meet new people, and have new* experiences, it w*as a marvellous time to be in London (J. Hamilton Thomas Gainsborough: A Portrait)
16.	В данных ниже предложениях выделите следующие эмфатические конструкции: а) с вспомогательным глаголом do; б) с инверсивным порядком слов; в) с эмфатическим лексикограмматическим оборотом (‘No sooner had... than...’, etc.); г) с усилительной конструкцией ‘It is (was)... that...’. Переведите предложения.
128
1.	It was whilst he was engaged in this task that he painted his most famous icon, that of the “Old Testament Trinity”.
2.	Such were the beliefs of medieval Russians.
3.	It was a belief in the after-life and the resultant worship of the dead which offered vast sources of inspiration to the arts.
4.	There are usually three and in the larger chinches as many as five tiers of icons in an iconostasis.
5.	It may have been that feeling for colour that led to the introduction into chin ches of the iconostasis.
6.	It was the wall structure that had changed considerably.
7.	His inner fire and artistic integrity are attested by the absence of all trace of the influence of even as powerfill an artist as Theophanes the Greek.
8.	It was in Novgorod that Theophanes the Greek created his world-famous works.
9.	Far up in the towers of the cathedral exists a whimsical world of fantasy.
10.	Far below this imaginative world a stone prophet secure in the facade, seems to peer at the encircling French town.
11.	What had been achieved in this early period was a greater compactness of the basilica plan which in its turn led to a unification of the interior of the church.
12.	No less significant was his idea of joining the chapels between the piers w ith the central space.
129
13.	Those churches were of a type that the Romans had never constructed. Neither were there models for the type of large city dwellings required by wealthy merchants of the XV century.
14.	The fonns and purposes of buildings had changed over time. So had the structure of cities.
15.	Romanesque builders didn’t utilize pointed arches. Neither did they use lancet windows.
16.	Romanesque builders never applied the decoration of the hollows with dog-tooth ornament. Nor with trefoils.
17.	The arches of decorative wall arcades are sometimes cusped. So are those of galleries.
18.	Circles with trefoils are introduced into the tracery of large rose windows. So are those with quatrefoils.
19.	Romanesque builders would not group windows in twos or threes. Nor would they utilize small clerestory ones.
20.	Strange as it may seem. Gothic builders put a host of various whimsical beasts on the balustrades of the towers.
17.	Укажите средства выражения эмфазы в следующих отрывках. Переведите отрывки, прокомментируйте свой перевод.
1.	Не put his hand upon the key he had relinquished, turned it sturdily, walked in, and lighted his candle. Half-a-dozen gas-lamps out of the street wouldn’t have lighted the entry too well, so you may suppose that it was pretty dark with Scrooge’s dip. Up Scrooge went, not caring a button for that. Darkness is cheap, and Scrooge liked it. (Ch. Dickens A Christmas Carol)
130
2.	He did pause, with a moment’s irresolution, before he shut the door; and he did look cautiously behind it first, as if he half expected to be terrified with the sight of Marley’s pigtail sticking out into the hall. (Ch. Dickens A Christinas Carol)
3.	At length the hour of shutting up the counting-house arrived. With an ill-will Scrooge dismounted from his stool. (Ch. Dickens A Christinas Carol)
4.	Scrooge having no better answer ready on the spm of the moment, said “Bah!” again: and followed it up with “Humbug.”
“Don’t be cross, uncle!” said the nephew.
“What else can I be.” returned the uncle, “when I live in such a world of fools as this? Merry Christmas! Out upon merry Christmas!”(Ch. Dickens?! Christinas Carol)
5.	Not to know that no space of regret can make amends for one life’s opportunities misused! Yet such was I! Oh. such was I! (Ch. Dickens A Christinas Carol)
6.	Not that he ever went swimming of course. His busy schedule would not allow it. (D. Adams The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy)
7.	He was glad it wouldn’t now7 be him who delivered the report they’d just received. (D. Adams The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy')
8.	Not only were they ugly themselves, but the medical equipment they carried with them was also far from pretty. (D. Adams The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy)
9.	Arthur Dent had never, ever suspected this. (D. Adams The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy )
131
10.	It was just then that Gandalf came back. (J.R.R. Tolkien The Hobbit)
11.	It was the trees at the bottom that saved them. (J.R.R. Tolkien The Hobbit)
12.	Up slope and down dale they plodded. (J.R.R. Tolkien The Hobbit)
13.	In came Bifur and Bofur. (J.R.R. Tolkien The Hobbit)
14.	So ended the adventures of the Misty Mountains. (J.R.R. Tolkien The Hobbit)
15.	Then off they went into another song as ridiculous as the one I have written down in full. (J.R.R. Tolkien The Hobbit)
16.	On they all went, leading their ponies, till they were brought to a good path and so at last to the brink of the river. (J.R.R. Tolkien The Hobbit)
17.	Out jumped the goblins, big goblins, great ugly-looking goblins, lots of goblins, before you could say hocks and blocks’. (J.R.R. Tolkien The Hobbit)
18.	That is why neither Bilbo, nor the dwarves, nor even Gandalf heard them coming. Nor did they see them. (J.R.R. Tolkien The Hobbit)
19.	Deep down here by the dark water lived old Gollum. a small slimy creature. (J.R.R. Tolkien The Hobbit)
20.	Straight over Gollum’s head he jumped. seven feet forward and three in the air. (J.R.R. Tolkien The Hobbit)
132
21.	Summer or nor. it seemed veiy cold. (J.R.R. Tolkien The Hobbit)
22.	There was a howl of anger and surprise from the goblins. Loud cried the Lord of the Eagles,, to whom Gandalf had now spoken. Back swept the great birds that were with him, and down they came like huge black shadows. (J.R.R. Tolkien The Hobbit)
23.	There is one road from Wall, a winding track rising sharply up from the forest, where it is lined with rocks and small stones. Followed far enough south, out of the forest, the track becomes a real road, paved with asphalt; followed further the road gets larger, is packed at all hours with cars and trucks rushing from city to city. (N. Gaiman Stardust)
24.	Immediately to the east of Wall is a high grey rock wall, from which the town takes its name. This wall is old, built of rough, square lumps of hewn granite, and it comes from the woods and goes back to the woods once more. There is only one break in the wall; an opening about six feet in width, a little to the north of the village. Through the gap in the wall can be seen a large green meadow; beyond the meadow, a stream; and beyond the stream there are trees. From time to time shapes and figures can be seen, amongst the trees, in the distance. (N. Gaiman Stardust)
25.	Beyond this room, beyond this wall, beyond this man who was not quite the same man seated at this desk that was not quite the same desk lay an entire world of streets and people. What sort of world it was now, there was no telling. (R. Bradbury A sound of thunder)
26.	His wife, lying beside him. was dark from many sunny afternoons. Dark she was. and golden, burnt almost black by the sun, sleeping... (R. Bradbury Dark they were and golden-eyed)
133
27.	The sun had got more powerfill by the time we had finished breakfast, and the wind had chopped, and it was as lovely a morning as one could desire. Little was in sight to remind us of the nineteenth century; and, as we looked out upon the river in the morning sunlight, we could almost fancy that the centuries between us and that ever-to-be-famous June morning of 1215 had been drawn aside. (J.K. Jerome Three men in a boat)
28.	And now, lo! Down upon the road that winds along the river’s bank from Staines there come towaids us, laughing and talking together in deep guttural bass, a half-score of stalwart halberdmen and halt at a hundred yards or so above us, on the other bank, and lean upon their aims, and wait. (J.K. Jerome Three men in a boat)
29.	If I may do so, without appealing boastfill. I tliiiik I can honestly say that our one small boat, dining that week, caused more annoyance and delay and aggravation to the steam launches that we came across than all the other craft on the river put together. “Steam launch, coming!” one of us would cry out. on sighting the enemy in the distance: and. in an instant, everything was got ready to receive her. I would take the lines, and Hanis and George would sit down beside me. all of us with our backs to the launch, and the boat would drift out quietly into mid-stream. On would come the launch, whistling, and on we would go, drifting. At about a hundred yards off. she would start whistling like mad. and the people would come and lean over the side, and roar at us: but we never heard them! Hanis would be telling us an anecdote about his mother, and George and I would not have missed a word of it for worlds. (J.K. Jerome Three men in a boat)
30.	When the Lygonani had gone, one of us thought of opening the basket he had brought as a proof that Flossie was really their prisoner. Meanwhile I had been thinking rapidly, as one does in emergencies, and had come to the conclusion that I would exchange myself against Flossie. I scar cely like to mention the matter for fear it should be misunderstood. Pray do not let any one be misled into
134
thinking that there was anything heroic about this, or any such nonsense. It was merely a matter of common sense and common justice. My life was an old and worthless one. hers was young and valuable. Her death would pretty well kill her father and mother also, whilst nobody would be much the worse for mine; indeed, several charitable institutions would have cause to rejoice thereat. It was indirectly through me that the deal* little girl was in her present position. Lastly, a man was better fitted to meet death in such a peculiarly awful form than a sweet young girl. Not. however, that I meant to let these gently torture me to death — I am far too much of a coward to allow that, being naturally a timid man: my plan was to see the gill safely exchanged and then to shoot myself, trusting that the Almighty would take the peculiar circxunstances of the case into consideration and pardon the act. All this and more went through my mind in veiy few seconds. (R. Haggard Allan Quatermain)
18.	Укажите эмфатические конструкции в следующих отрывках. Переведите отрывки, прокомментируйте свой перевод.
1.	Down swung a looped curtain, a dozen or so of the audience got up and pushed out to the exits. (C. Nairne One stair up)
2.	From the hearth came a low, self-satisfied rumble. The cat was puiiing. (N. Babbit The Kneeknock Rise)
3.	Out on the road in front of the house someone in heavy boots came clumping along. (N. Babbit The Kneeknock Rise)
4.	So loud were my screams that my father rushed from the court in his judicial gown and wig. (P. Carey Parrot and Olivier in America)
5.	Odile, drawn by my screams, came out to see. So did Bebe. This was a considerable crowd to be in such a place. (P. Carey Parrot and Olivier in America)
135
6.	And it was the ants who caused me such upset. That is, they swarmed along my aims and down my neck, and bit me. I was soon running up and down the courtyard crying and it was not until Gustave removed my tunic that I was saved. (P. Carey Parrot and Olivier in America)
7.	At this moment she was not less formal in her maimer. Her slender hands lay simply on her lap, and it was to God Himself she chose to reveal her strong contralto voice. (P. Carey Parrot and Olivier in America)
8.	What she was looking at was the photograph of a handsome bridal couple over which was the caption “Brown-Tracey Nuptials.” (P. Gallico Mrs. Arris Goes to New York)
9.	What had happened was that, having learned from his chauffeur of the presence of Mi s. Harris on board in tourist class, he had said to the captain, who was a friend, “Do you know, Pierre, that you have a most remarkable woman on board your ship?” (P. Gallico Mrs. Arris Goes to York)
10.	And somehow it was not the presence of Mis. Hanis so much, but the matter of her appearance which bewildered Henrietta more than anything. All that went through her mind was, “Where have I seen that dress before?” (P. Gallico Mrs. Arris Goes to New York)
11.	Among other things, the departure of the two women meant to them an undisturbed period of abuse of the child who had been entrusted to their care. It had actually to a great extent been Mrs. Hanis who had kept their cnielty within bounds, for they were a little afraid of her and knew that she would not hesitate to involve them with the police if there was a case. (P. Gallico Mrs. Arris Goes to New York)
136
12.	Such was the excitement engendered by the arrival of the taxicab at No. 5. and the piling of ancient trunks and valises on the roof and next to the driver’s seat, that no one thought about or noticed the absence of little Henry Brown. (P. Gallico Mrs. 'Arris Goes to New York)
13.	So thrilled had Mis. Schreiber been with her luck in acquiring two servants whom she liked and trusted, that she had persuaded her husband to procure for them one of the better rooms available in tourist class on the liner, one of a few with a bathroom connected, and intended for larger families. (P. Gallico Mrs. ‘Arris Goes to New York)
14.	It was not until it grew dark that he realized the day was over. (E. Waugh A handful of dust)
15.	Neither that evening nor next morning was he able to eat anything. (E. Waugh A handful of dust)
16.	“From now onwards the map is valueless to us,” said Dr Messinger with relish. (E. Waugh A handful of dust)
17.	They drank campaign. So also, noticed Tony with displeasure, did the two detectives. (E. Waugh A handful of dust)
18.	Up till then they had avoided Christian names. (E. Waugh A handful of dust)
19.	Careful as he was, working at the very peak of his ability, he lost control at high speed. (R. Bach Jonathan Livingston Seagull)
20.	After all how few women there are who can raise themselves above the quagmire of what we call love, and make themselves anything but playthings for men. Of almost all these royal and luxurious sinners it was the chief sin that in some phase of their lives they con-
137
seated to be playthings without being wives. (A. Trollope The Wax' We Live Now)
21.	But it was her face particularly that shuck Alan Merrick at first sight. (G. Allen The Woman Who Did)
22.	Along with the brickmakers were the cart-pullers, men whose legs were roped with muscle from climbing the tower. (T. Chiang Tower of Babylon)
23.	Of this she was perfectly unaware. (J. Austen Pride and Prejudice)
24.	It was at Sir William Lucas’s, where a large party were assembled. (J. Austen Pride and Prejudice)
25.	But no sooner had he made it clear to himself and his friends that she had hardly a good feature in her face, than he began to find it was rendered uncommonly intelligent by the beautiful expression of her dark eyes. (J. Austen Pride and Prejudice)
26.	By Jane this afternoon was received with the greatest pleasure. but Elizabeth still saw7 superciliousness in their treatment of everybody. (J. Austen Pride and Prejudice)
27.	Not yet. however, in spite of her disappointment in her husband, did Mis. Bennet give up the point. (J. Austen Pride and Prejudice)
28.	Charlotte hardly had time to answer, before they w ere joined by Kitty, who came to tell the same news; and no sooner had they entered the breakfast-room, where Mis. Bennet was alone, than she likewise began on the subject, calling on Miss Lucas for her compassion. and entreating her to persuade her friend Lizzy to comply writh the wishes of all her family. (J. Austen Pride and Prejudice)
138
29.	With proper civilities the ladies then withdrew; all of them equally surprised that he meditated a quick return. (J. Austen Pride and Prejudice)
30.	With no greater events than these in the Longboum family, and otherwise diversified by little beyond the walks to Meryton. sometimes dirty and sometimes cold, did January and February pass away. (J. Austen Pride and Prejudice)
31.	Elizabeth asked questions in vain; Maria would tell her nothing more, and down they ran into the dining-room, which fronted the lane, in quest of this wonder; it was two ladies stopping in a low phaeton at the garden gate. (J. Austen Pride and Prejudice)
32.	When the ladies returned to the drawing-room, there was little to be done but to hear Lady Catherine talk, which she did without any intermission till coffee came in. delivering her opinion on every subject in so decisive a maimer, as proved that she was not used to have her judgement controverted. (J. Austen Pride and Prejudice)
33.	With such kinds of histories of their parties and good jokes, did Lydia, assisted by Kitty’s hints and additions. endeavour to amuse her companions all the way to Longboum. Elizabeth listened as little as she could, but there was no escaping the frequent mention of Wickham’s name. (J. Austen Pride and Prejudice)
34.	Their party in the dining-room was large, for almost all the Lucases came to meet Maria and hear* the news; and various were the subjects that occupied them: Lady Lucas was inquiring of Maria, after the welfare and poultry of her eldest daughter; Mr s. Bennet was doubly engaged, on one hand collecting an accoxurt of the present fashions from Jane, who sat some way below her. and. on the other, retailing them all to the younger Lucases; and Lydia, in a voice rather louder than any other person’s, was enumerating the
139
various pleasures of the morning to anybody who would hear her. (J. Austen Pride and Prejudice)
35.	She then spoke of the letter, repeating the whole of its contents as far as they concerned George Wickham. What a stroke was this for poor Jane who would willingly have gone through the world without believing that so much wickedness existed in the whole race of mankind, as was here collected in one individual. Nor was Darcy’s vindication, thougli grateful to her feelings, capable of consoling her for such discovery. Most earnestly did she labour to prove the probability of error, and seek to clear the one without involving the other. (J. Austen Pride and Prejudice)
РАЗДЕЛ б
ПЕРЕДАЧА ДИАЛЕКТНЫХ И ИНДИВИДУАЛЬНЫХ ОСОБЕННОСТЕЙ РЕЧИ ПЕРСОНАЖА
1.	Проанализируйте следующие отрывки из произведений современных писателей и укажите отличия диалекта кокни от литературного английского языка. На каком языковом уровне — фонетическом, лексическом, грамматическом, синтаксическом — проводится компенсация особенностей речи персонажей в переводе?
1.	Mrs. Hanis, now slightly impatient, snorted. “Lor’, love, use yer loaf. We’ve got a barfroom. ‘aven’t we?” (P. Gallico Mrs. ‘Arris Goes to New York)
Миссис Харрис, на этот раз несколько нетерпеливо, фыркнула: «Боже, дорогая, ты головой подумай. Мы ж с туалетом!»
2.	The cab driver chose a bad moment to joke. “I thought you lydies said you was going to Hamerica,” and was surprised at the asperity of the reply he received from Mi s. Hanis.
“Do as you’re told and you won’t gather no flies,” she said.
(P. Gallico Mrs. ‘Arris Goes to York)
Водитель выбрал неудачное время для шуток: «Я думал, дамы, вы сказали, что отчаливаете в Америку», — и очень удивился резкости ответа, полученного от миссис Харрис. «Делай, что сказано, и захлопни рот, а то муха залетит», — отрезала она.
141
3.	"Well then,” said Mr. Bayswater, his idea glowing within him to bursting point and the dropping of another aitch. “if you know him that well, why don’t you ask ‘IM’?”
“Im. the marquis? Why, what good would that do? E’s a pal of mine. I wouldn’t want to get ‘im sent off to Ellers Island or whatever it’s called.” (P. Gallico Mrs. 'Arris Goes to New York)
— Ну так. — начал мистер Бэйсуотер. Идея настолько захватила его, что он снова забыл правила родного языка. — Если вы так хорошо его знаете, почему бы вам него самого и не спросить?
— Него, самого маркиза? Да что толку-то? Он мой приятель. Я не хочу, чтобы него отправили на остров Эллере, или как он там называется.
4.	“Oh. he’s always talkin’ like a pound of best plums.” said Lizzy, “it’s ‘is second’ry schoolin’ what’s doing it”. (M.J. Staples Down Lambeth Way')
«Он всегда эдак разговаривает, как сливка общества. — сказала Лиззи. — Вот че средняя школа творит».
5.	“Was it awful?” she asked, pulling at her tangled hair. “I mean, all them knives cuttin’ you open — every think must of been red with yer blood. Mum says most people pass on very painful after they’re operated on. only the doctors never let on. (M.J. Staples Down Lambeth Way)
— Жутко было? — спросила она. дергая себя за спутанные пряди. — В смысле, что тебя вскрывали ножами — кровищи, поди. было. Мама говорит, многие после операций мрут в муках. только доктора не признаются.
6.	“How’d’ yer do, I’m sure.” said Lizzy to the glass of water on my bedside locker. (M.J. Staples Down Lambeth Way)
142
— Здрасьте. — буркнула Лиззи, обращаясь к стакану воды на тумбочке у моей койки.
7.	“Oh. would yer believe,” gasped Lizzy, “he’s even talkin’ to me now and he don’t even know me. not properly he don’t.” (M. J. Staples Doit?? Lambeth Wax)
— Ну и ну, вы тока гляньте на него, — ахнула Лиззи, — говорит со мной, а мы даже не знакомились, как следовал не знакомились.
8.	“But she kept saying it.” said Lizzy. ‘“Oh, he won’t die, will he?’ She’s a bit fanciful. ‘aving an aunt who’s always under the doctor.” (M. J. Staples Dox\n Lambeth Wax')
— Но она ж так и говорила. — продолжала Лиззи. — «Ой. он же не помрет?» Она немного с причудами: у ней тетка все по врачам бегает.
9.	“Crikey, I ain’t ever going to be rich an” sinful, just rich. (M. J. Staples Down Lambeth Wax)
— Ух ты. ни в жисть мне не заделаться богатым грешником, буду просто богатым.
10.	She says it would min their business if they did. She’ll be that relieved yer come back alive. Me dad said we wasn’t to worry, he said you’d never depart this life until you’d recited ‘Amlet. he said we’d all get an invite to yer deathbed to listen to it. (M.J. Staples Down Lambeth Wax')
Говорит, им бы это бизнес попортило, если б призналися. Она так обрадуется, что ты выжил. Папаша был уверен, что беспокоиться нам не за что, он сказал, если б ты отходил в мир иной, нас бы всех позвали послушать, как ты в последний раз «Хамлета» на память читаешь.
143
2.	Укажите, какие отклонения от литературного английского языка имеет вымышленный диалект, на котором говорят сельские жители в романе С. Гиббонс «Неуютная ферма» (S. Gibbons Cold Comfort Farm). При помощи каких языковых средств компенсируется зтот диалект в переводе?
1.	“Eh. eh — someone’s let the bull out.” he said. “Tes terrible... I — I num sootlie our Feckless. She’m not herself. Who let un out?”
— Ox. ox... Бычка кто-то возьми да выпусти... — пробубнил он. — Ужасно! Наша Никчемка сама не своя, теперь угомонить бы. Кто ж выпустил-то?
2.	‘Twas Mark. Не and от* Micah were argyfyin’ who should lay the last brick, and we was all standin’ round waitin’ to see which would hit t’ other first. And Mark, he pushed Micah down th’ well, and pushed th’ bricks down on top of ‘un. Laugh! We fail' lay on th’ ground.
Это все Марк. Они с Михеем погрызлись из-за того, кому класть последний кирпич, а мы стояли и глядели, кто кого стукнет первым. А Марк возьми да столкни Михея в колодец, а за ним и кирпичи! Смеху было! Мы аж на землю повалились!
3.	“Adam.” uttered the woman who stood in the dooiway, “how may pails of milk will there be this morning?”
“I dunnamany,” responded Adam, cringingly, “‘tes hard to tell. If so be as Pointless has got over her indigestion, maybe ‘twill be four. If so be as she hain’t. maybe three.”
— Адам. — проговорита женщина, стоящая в дверном проеме. — сколько ведер молока будет у нас нынче утром?
— Поди ж скажи. — ответил Адам, вжимая голову в плечи. — Ежли наша Неумеха больше не мается животом, то, могет быть, и четыре. А ежли мается, то, могет быть, и три.
144
4.	“Shame on ‘ее, Mus’ Reuben, to bite the hand that fed thee as a cowdling. ‘Tes not for nought I mused our Pointless when she was three days old and blind as a wren. I know what’s in her heart better than I know what’s in the hearts o’ some humans.”
"Be that as it may, Graceless has lost a leg! Where is it? Answer me that, ye doithering old fool of a man. Who will buy Graceless now when I take her doun to Beershom Market? Who wants a cow wi’ only three legs, saving some great old circus man looking roiuid for fi eakies to put in his show?”
“Niver put ош' Graceless in one o’ they circus’ The shame of it would kill me, Mus’ Reuben.”
— Негоже, мастер Рувим, кусать руку, которая тебя холила и люлюила. Кто лучше меня знает нужды бессловесной скотины? Не для того я вскармливал нашу Невезуху, когда она быта трех дней от роду и слепа, как курица. Я понимаю ее сердечко .лучше, чем черные сердца иных людей.
— Да плевать! Нескладеха потеряла ногу! Где она? Отвечай мне, безмозглый старикан! Кто теперь купит Нескладеху, когда я отведу ее на Пивтаунскую ярмарку? Кому нужна трехногая корова. кроме цирка уродов?
— Не отдавайте нашу Нескладеху в цирк, мастер Рувим! Я не переживу такого позора.
5.	Flora wondered if she should enquire after the welfare of the baby, and had just decided that this might be a little tactless, when Mi s. Beetle demanded of her daughter:
“Well, ain't you going to ask me ‘ow ‘e is?”
“I knows. There ain’t no need to ask. He’ll be doing fine. They alius does.” was the sullen reply.
“Well, you needn’t sound as though you wished they woudn’t.” said Mis. Beetle, tartly. “Lord knows, they wasn’t veiy welcome, pore little innercents; but now they are ‘ere. we may as well bring them up right. It’s to me advantage.”
145
Флора раздумывала, надо .ли осведомиться о здоровье новорожденного, и как раз решила, что это будет немного бестактно, когда миссис Муривей обратилась к дочери:
— Так ты даже не спросишь, как он?
— А чего спрашивать-то, я и так знаю. Здоров-здоровехонек, как они все. — последовал угрюмый ответ.
— И незачем говорить таким тоном, будто тебя это огорчает. — резко одернула миссис Муривей. — Видит Бог. никтошень-ки их тут не ждал, бедные невинные крошки, но уж коли они нам на голову свалились, придется их растить. И я этим займусь.
3.	Сравните переводы отрывков из рассказа Z. Cho The Fish Bowl. Как выбор стратегии перевода влияет на передачу междометных восклицаний и слов креольского языка манглиш?
а)	“Му gii! is so hardworking.” crooned Ma.
“Don’t need to overthink one ZrzZi,” said Dad.
6)	“Can you make me pass?” Su Yin whispered.
“Cheh, that only? Very easy,” said the fish. “You want to get hundred?”
That was pushing it.
“Seventy ZnZi,” said Su Yin.
в)	The students milled outside Puan Sharifah’s house.
1.
a)	— Какая у меня трудолюбивая дочка. — вполголоса пропела Ма.
—Лаа\ Нечего из-за этого голову ломать. — сказал папа.
б)	— Можешь сделать так. чтобы я сдала? — прошептала Су Инь.
— Чээ, только и всего? Запросто, — сказала рыбка. — Хочешь получить сто баллов?
Это было слишком много.
146
—Лаа\ Семьдесят. — воскликнула Су Инь.
в)	Ученики столпились возле дома пуан Шарифы.
2.
а)	— Какая у меня трудолюбивая дочка. — вполголоса пропела Ма.
— Да ладно! Нечего из-за этого голову ломать. — сказал папа.
б)	— Можешь сделать так, чтобы я сдала? — прошептала Су Пнь.
— Ха, только и всего? Запросто, — сказала рыбка. — Хочешь получить сто баллов?
Это было слишком много.
— Что ты! Семьдесят! — воскликнула Су Пнь.
в)	Ученики столпились возле дома госпожи Шарифы.
4.	Укажите ошибки, допущенные при передаче речи героев. Предложите свой вариант перевода. Мотивируйте свое переводческое решение.
1.	Vivian was shy to say she knew nothing about what preparations were afoot. “You live so long overseas, why you need to know? Don’t worry.” said Ma. (Z. Cho The First Witch of Damansard)
Вивьен постеснялась сказать, что она не знает, какая планируется подготовка. «Ты так давно в ненашинских краях живешь, пошто тебе это знать? Не переживай», — сказала ма.
2.	Vivian began to understand. “But Ma. if she said she wanted to be with him —” “It’s not what she wants! It’s just her idea of propriety,” said Ma. “She thinks woman must always stay by the husband no matter what.” (Z. Cho The First Witch of Damansard)
Вивьен начала догадываться, в чем дело. «Но Ма. если она сказала. что хочет быть рядом с ним...» «Она не хочет! У нее просто
147
такие понятия о приличиях. — ответила Ма. — Она считает, женщине надоть всегда быть рядом с мужем, несмотря ни на что».
3.	That night was long an uncomfortable. We couldn’t fly our airplanes, so’s they got to shell us most of the evenin for free. (W. Groom Forrest Gump)
Ночь была долгой. Наши самолеты не летали, и узкоглазые шмаляли по нам всю ночь.
5.	Укажите особенности речи Форреста Гампа, главного героя одноименной книги У. Грума. Определите языковые средства, при помощи которых создается речевая характеристика этого героя в русском переводе.
1.	Let me say this: bein a idiot is no box of chocolates. People laugh, lose patience, treat you shabby. Now they says folks sposed to be kind to the afflicted, but let me tell you — it ain't always that way. Even so, I got no complaints, cause I reckon I done live a pretty interestin life, so to speak. I been a idiot since I was bom. My IQ is near 70, which qualifies me. so they say. Probly, tho, I’m closer to bein a imbecile or maybe even a moron, but personally, I'd rather tliink of mysef as like a halfwit.
Скажу так: жизнь идиота — не сахар. Люди сначала смеются. потом раздражаются, и начинают плохо относится к тебе. Говорят, нынче к увечным должны с добром, так скажу вам прямо — не всегда это так. А я-то вообще не жалуюсь, жизнь у меня и так наполненная смыслом, так сказать. Идиот я с самого рождения. У меня IQ ниже семидесяти, так что ошибки быть не может. Может, я скорее неполноценный, или дебил, но скажу вам так — сам себя я считаю полудурком.
2.	Meantime, somebody must of said somethin to somebody, cause one day my guidance counselor at the atheletic department
148
call me in an tells me Гт excused from other classes an to report the next momin to a Doctor Mills at the University Medical Center. Bright an early I go over there an Doctor Mills got a big stack of papers in front of him, lookin though them, an he tell me to sit down and stait axin me questions. When he finished, he tell me to take off my clothes — all but my undershorts. which I breathed easier after hemin cause of what happen the last time with the Army doctors.
Между тем кто-то кому-то чего-то нашептал, потому что однажды мой школьный куратор вызвал меня к себе и говорит такой. мол. освободили меня завтра от уроков, и надо мне к Доктору Миллзу в местный медпункт. С утра рано пришел я к этому доктору, а он в бумажках весь сидит, чего-то в них ищет. Сказал мне сесть и вопросы задавать начал. Закончил вопросы задавать и говорит: раздевайся, но до трусов, и у меня аж в сердце отлегло, я ж помню, что было в той меблизационной комиссии.
3.	You could see the shit Third Brigade had stepped into even fore the heliocopters landed. They was all sorts of smoke an stuff risin up outta the jungle an huge chiuiks had been blown outta the groun. We had not even got to earth afore they commenced shootin at us. They blowed up one of our heliocopters in the air, an it was a dreadful sight, people set on fire an all. an nothin we could do. I am the machine gun ammo bearer, cause they figger I can carry a lot of shit on account of my size. Before we lef. a couple of other fellers axed if I would mind carry in some of their han grenades so’s they could cany more orations, an I agreed. It didn’t hurt me none. Also, Sergeant Kranz made me cany a ten-gallon water can that weighed about fifty pounds. Then jus fore wre lef. Daniels, w’ho carries the tripod for the machine gun. he gets the runs an he can’t go, so’s I got to tote the tri-pod too. It is gettin to be dusk an we is tole to go up to a ridge an relieve Charlie Company which is either pinned down by the gooks or has got the gooks pinned down, dependin on wlrether you get your new’s from the Stars an Stripes or by just lookin aroun at what the hell is goin on.
149
С вертолета видно было в каком дерьме бригада Три. Из джунглей дым валил, огонь везде, из-под земли взрывы. Вертолет только сел. а они давай стрелять. А один вообще в воздухе подбили. Люди горели, а помочь мы не могли никак. Жуткое зрелище. Меня назначали патроны для пулемета таскать, потому что я здоровый, кучу всего унести могу. Пока мы в вертолет не сели, парни попросили гранаты понести, а они больше сухпайков возьмут. Ну я и согласился. Мне-то что? Еще. сержант Кранц заставил меня бидон с водой тащить, десять галлон весил наверное, полсотни футов. А еще. перед вылетом, у Дэниэлса. он подставку таскал для пулемента. живот скрутило, и он не смог с нами полететь. Так что я еще и подставку тащил. Темнело уже, и нам сказали на холм подняться, роте одной помочь. Или их узкоглазные прижали, или они узкоглазых, это уж как посмотреть: в газете одно, а на деле другое совсем.
6.	Переведите отрывок из книги У. Грума «Форрест Гамп». Прокомментируйте применение приема компенсации.
Curtis ап me ain’t gettin along so hot. an I never been so lonely. I miss my mama, an wanta go back home. Trouble with Curtis is, I don’t understand him. Everthing he say got so many cusswords in it. time I get to figgerin out what they аге, I miss his point. Most of the time. I gather his point is that he ain’t happy bout somethin.
Curtis had a car an he used to give me a ride to practice, but one day I go to meet him an he cussin an growlin an bent over a big drain grate in the street. Seems he’s got a flat tire an when he go to change it he put the lug nuts in his hubcap and accidentally knock em down into the drain. We fixin to be late to practice which was not real good to do, so’s I say to Curtis, "Why don’t you take one lug nut off each of them tliree other tires an that way you will have three nuts on each tire, which ought to be enough to get us to practice?”
Curtis stop cussin for a moment an look up at me an say, “You supposed to be a idiot, how you figure that out?” An I say, "Maybe
150
С вертолета видно было в каком дерьме бригада Три. Из джунглей дым валил, огонь везде, из-под земли взрывы. Вертолет только сел. а они давай стрелять. А один вообще в воздухе подбили. Люди горели, а помочь мы не могли никак. Жуткое зрелище. Меня назначали патроны для пулемета таскать, потому что я здоровый, кучу всего унести могу. Пока мы в вертолет не сели, парни попросили гранаты понести, а они больше сухпайков возьмут. Ну я и согласился. Мне-то что? Еще. сержант Кранц заставил меня бидон с водой тащить, десять галлон весил наверное, полсотни футов. А еще. перед вылетом, у Дэниэлса, он подставку таскал для пулемента. живот скрутило, и он не смог с нами полететь. Так что я еще и подставку тащил. Темнело уже, и нам сказали на холм подняться, роте одной помочь. Или их узкоглазные прижали, или они узкоглазых, это уж как посмотреть: в газете одно, а на деле другое совсем.
6.	Переведите отрывок из книги У. Грума «Форрест Гамп». Прокомментируйте применение приема компенсации.
Curtis an me ain’t gettin along so hot. an I never been so lonely. I miss my mama, an wanta go back home. Trouble with Curtis is, I don’t understand him. Everthing he say got so many cusswords in it, time I get to figgerm out what they are. I miss his point. Most of the time. I gather his point is that he ain’t happy bout somethin.
Curtis had a car an he used to give me a ride to practice, but one day I go to meet him an he cussin an growlin an bent over a big drain grate in the street. Seems he’s got a flat tire an when he go to change it he put the lug nuts in his hubcap and accidentally knock em down into the drain. We fixin to be late to practice which was not real good to do, so’s I say to Curtis, “Why don’t you take one lug nut off each of them three other tires an that way you will have three nuts on each tire, which ought to be enough to get us to practice?”
Curtis stop cussin for a moment an look up at me an say, “You supposed to be a idiot, how you figure that out?” An I say, “Maybe
150
I am a idiot, but at least I ain’t stupid,” an at this, Curtis jump up an commence chasin me with the tire tool, callin me ever terrible tiling he can think up, an that pretty much ruin our relationship.
7.	Как в следующих отрывках из произведений английских и американских писателей передаются фонетические особенности речи персонажей, а также фонетические, лексические и грамматические отклонения от литературной нормы? Переведите отрывки. Прокомментируйте выбранные вами способы передачи особенностей речи персонажей.
1.	Scrooge shivered, and wiped the perspiration from his brow... “You were always a good friend to me.” said Scrooge. “Thankee!” (Ch. Dickens A Christmas Carol in Prose)
2.	1 stared at him aghast as a voice above us shouted. “Markee!” It was Natasha, silhouetted against the lights, peering down to see what was going on. “Markee!” she called again. “What are you doing down there?” (H. Fielding Bridget Jones Diary)
3.	Spent the weekend struggling to remain disdainfully buoyant after the Daniel fuckwittage debacle. I kept saying the words, “Self-respect” and “Hull” over and over till I was dizzy, trying to barrage out. “But I hurrve him.” (H. Fielding Bridget Jones Diary)
4.	“Are you all right. Bridge?” said Jude. “Fn.” I replied stiffly. (H. Fielding Bridget Jones Diary)
5.	“How’s-my-little-Bridget?’ said Uncle Geoffrey... “Geoffrey,” hissed Una. “Go-and-see-to-the-barbecue.” (H. Fielding Bridget Jones Diary )
6.	“And-re-ah.” she called from her starkly furnished, deliberately cold office. “Where are the car and the puppy?” (L. Weisberger The Devil Wears Prada)
151
I am a idiot, but at least I ain’t stupid,” an at this. Curtis jump up an commence chasin me with the tire tool, callin me ever terrible tiling he can tliink up, an that pretty much ruin our relationship.
7.	Как в следующих отрывках из произведений английских и американских писателей передаются фонетические особенности речи персонажей, а также фонетические, лексические и грамматические отклонения от литературной нормы? Переведите отрывки. Прокомментируйте выбранные вами способы передачи особенностей речи персонажей.
1. Scrooge shivered, and wiped the perspiration from his brow... “You were always a good friend to me,” said Scrooge. “Thankee!” (Ch. Dickens A Christinas Carol in Prose)
2.	1 stared at him aghast as a voice above us shouted. “Markee!” It was Natasha, silhouetted against the lights, peering down to see what was going on. “Markee!” she called again. “What are you doing down there?” (H. Fielding Bridget Jones Dian)
3.	Spent the weekend straggling to remain disdainfully buoyant after the Daniel fuckwittage debacle. I kept saying the words, “Self-respect” and “Hull” over and over till I was dizzy, trying to barrage out. “But I lurrrve him.” (H. Fielding Bridget Jones Dian)
4.	“Are you all right. Bridge?” said Jude. “Fn,” I replied stiffly. (H. Fielding Bridget Jones Diary)
5.	“How’s-my-little-Bridget?’ said Uncle Geoffrey... “Geoffrey,” hissed Una. “Go-and-see-to-the-barbecue.” (H. Fielding Bridget Jones Diary)
6.	“And-re-ah.” she called from her starkly furnished. deliberately cold office. “Where are the car and the puppy?” (L. Weisberger The Devil Wears Prada)
151
7.	There was a buzz of excitement in the inn. now crowded beyond believing. It was filled with visitors to the village from every nation in the world, or so it seemed to Dunstan who had no sense of distance beyond the woods that surrounded the village of Wall, so he regarded the tall gentleman in the black top hat at the table beside him. all the way up from London, with as much awe as he regarded the taller ebony-colored gentleman in the white one-piece robe with whom he was dining. Dunstan knew that it was rude to stare, and that, as a villager of Wall, he had every right to feel superior to all of the “furriners” But he could smell unfamiliar spices on the air, and hear men and women speaking to each other in a hundred tongues, and he gawked and gazed unashamedly. (N. Gaiman Stardust)
РАЗДЕЛ 7
РЕДАКТИРОВАНИЕ ПЕРЕВОДА
1.	Определите переводческие ошибки (смысловые, лексические, грамматические, стилистические). Укажите случаи буквального перевода. Отредактируйте данные отрывки.
1.	Vivienne evolved from a cussing housewife into a subversive seamstress. (J. Mulvagh Vivienne Westwood: An Unfashionable Life)
Вивьен превратилась из сквернословной домохозяйки в швею.
2.	Не would never do the dirty on someone who had been kind to him. (J. Mulvagh Vivienne Westwood: An Unfashionable Life)
Он никогда не подличал тому, кто относился к нему с добром.
3.	Su Yin’s left hand flew to her mouth, pressing down the shout. (Z. Cho The Fish Bowl)
Левая ладонь Су Инь подлетела ко рту, чтобы подавить крик.
4.	They are packing his gospels and taking them for the king’s libraries. (H. Mantel Wolf Hall)
Они упаковывают книги и забирают их для выставления в библиотеке короля.
5.	The difficulty is... No, in fact, there are several difficulties. The cardinal, a Bachelor of Aits at fifteen, a Bachelor of Theology by his
153
mid-twenties, is learned in the law but does not like its delays; he cannot quite accept that real property cannot be changed into money, with the same speed and ease with which he changes a wafer into the body of Christ. (H. Mantel Wolf Hall)
Сложность заключается в том... Нет, на самом деле сложностей несколько. Кардинал, получивший степень бакалавра искусств в пятнадцать лет и степень бакалавра богословия в двадцать с небольшим, хорошо разбирается в праве, но не любит отсрочек: он не может смириться с тем, что недвижимое имущество нельзя обменять на деньги с той же быстротой и легкостью, с какой Христос превращал воду в вино.
6.	America’s bilateral merchandise trade deficit with China is not evidence in itself that China is discriminating against American imports. Measuring trade policy directly is more fruitful. (The Economist Repelling borders)
Дефицит в товарной торговле США с Китаем сам по себе не свидетельствует о том. что Китай дискриминирует американский импорт. Измерение торговой политики приносит свои результаты.
7.	China’s exporters were targeted in more than 70% of new country-level investigations in the last quarter of 2009. More than 90% of the imports targeted by American anti-dumping investigations stalled in the year to March 2009 came from China. (The Economist Repelling borders)
В последнем квартале 2009 года экспортеры из Китая были целью более чем 70% новых расследований на уровне стран. Более чем 90% импорта, на который были нацелены американские антидемпинговые расследования, были импортированы из Китая.
154
8.	She said arranging her features into a smile, which always makes her look a bit like Margaret Thatcher (R. Bryndza The Not So Secret Emails of Coco Pinchard)
Сказала она. и ее лицо расплылось в улыбке. Это всегда делало ее похожей на Маргарет Тэтчер.
9.	But the script is very far from the traditional Snow White. In this version. Postman Pat lives next door to the Seven Dwarves. (R. Bryndza The Not So Secret Emails of Coco Pinchard)
А вот сценарии быт далек от традиционной «Снежной Королевы». В этой версии почтальон Пэт жил по соседству с семью гномами.
10.	I wonder what will happen after these factories move to Vietnam (or elsewhere). Will the disgruntled worker in Dongguan team up with the pissed off guy in Ohio or Michigan and stall a global labor movement? Perhaps the American will continue to blame the Chinese (and vice versa), and the Vietnamese worker will, by flying under the radar, go unnoticed. A good question, and no doubt one that’s of interest to Chinese leaders. (The Economist Recession comes to China.)
Интересно, что произойдет, когда эти предприятия перенесут во Вьетнам (или другие страны). Объединятся ли недовольные рабочие Дунгуаня с обозленными парнями из Огайо или Мичигана, чтобы начать борьбу за права рабочих во всем мире? Возможно, американцы будут продолжать обвинять китайцев (и наоборот), а вьетнамский рабочий, пролетев под радаром, останется незамеченным. Хороший вопрос, и. без сомнения, он представляет интерес для китайских лидеров.
11.	In retrospect, that message was heard too loudly and clearly. Local governments and banks rushed to take advantage of the cen
155
tral authorities’ indulgence while it lasted. The surge in spending and lending succeeded in rescuing China’s economy fiom the crisis. (The Economist Stimulus or not?}
Оглядываясь назад, можно сказать, что эту позицию восприняли громко и отчетливо. Местные власти и банки бросились использовать преимущества, предоставленные правительством на тот момент. Увеличение государственных расходов и объема выданных кредитов успешно помогли спасти китайскую экономику от кризиса.
12.	The hamlet stood on a gentle rise in the flat, wheat-growing north-east coiner of Oxfordshire. We will call it Lark Rise because of the great number of skylarks which made the surrounding fields their springboard and nested on the bare earth between the rows of green com. Spring brought a flush of green wheat and there were violets under the hedges and pussy-willows out beside the brook: but only for a few weeks in later summer had the landscape real beauty. Then the ripened cornfields rippled up to the doorsteps of the cottages and the hamlet became an island in a sea of dark gold. (F. Thompson Lark Rise}
Деревня стояла на пологой возвышенности в низине, в северо-восточном районе Оксфордшира, где выращивают пшеницу. Мы называли его «Возвышенностью жаворонков» из-за большого количества жаворонков, которые сделали прилегающие поля своим трамплином и свили гнезда на голой земле меж рядов зеленой кукурузы. С весной наступил буйный рост зеленой пшеницы. Тогда созревшие кукурузные поля ниспадали мягкими складками прямо к порогам домов, и деревня становилась островком в море темного золота.
13.	From the hamlet the road led on the one hand to church and school, and on the other to the market town where the Saturday shopping was done. It brought little traffic past the hamlet. An oc
156
casional farm wagon, piled with sacks or square-cut bundles of hay; a fanner on horseback or in his gig; the baker’s little old white-tilted van: a string of blanketed hunters with grooms, exercising in the early morning: and a camage with gentry out paying calls in the afternoon were about the sum of it. (F. Thompson Lark Rise)
Из деревушки проселочная дорога вела к церкви и школе, и дальше — к городку, где был рынок, куда ездили за покупками по субботам. Так что мало кто проезжал мимо этой деревушки. Случайная телега, уставленная мешками или нарезанными в квадраты пучками сена: селянин верхом на лошади или же в своей двуколке: старый маленький перекошенный белый фургончик булочника: вереница запряженных гунтеров с конюхами, тренирующимися ранним утром: и повозка с представителями дворянства, наносящими визиты в послеобеденные часы, были чем-то вроде итога всего перечисленного.
14.	Surely no worm had ever spoiled the tom. lacy fronds — fins? a soil of gill? — that arose at intervals from the creatin e’s body. And there was its color, viscid pink and oily blue, like a drowned man’s thumb. And its head... if that vacuous, saw-toothed, eyeless maw could be called a head. (R.Ch. Wilson Darwinia)
Конечно, ни у одного червя никогда не было жабр. А еще его цвет, тягуче-розовый и нефтяно-синий, напоминавший большой палец утопленника. И его голова... если это бессодержательное безглазое рыло с острыми, как пила, зубами можно было назвать головой.
15.	Miss Yong had taught Su Yin since Su Yin stalled playing at the age of ten. “Maybe I have taught you so long, you are too used to me already. You’re getting complacent. It’s not that you don’t have talent. But you cannot pass grade seven without practicing. How many times a week do you practice?” said Miss Yong. Su Yin was
157
silent. She rushed through her pieces every Saturday morning before she went to class. (Z. Cho The Fish Bovd)
Мисс Ен занималась с Су Инь с десяти лет, когда та начала играть на фортепиано. «Возможно, я так давно с тобой занимаюсь. что ты уже слишком сильно ко мне привыкла. Ты расслабилась. Я не говорю, что у тебя нет таланта, но ты не сможешь закончить седьмой класс, если не будешь практиковаться. Сколько раз в неделю ты занимаешься?» — сказала мисс Ен. Су Инь мо.лчала. Каждое утро по субботам она наскоро повторяла пьесы перед занятием.
16.	The fish’s mouth opened and closed. It was toothless like the mouth of a hungry baby, or the mouth of an old man chanting a mantra imder his breath. (Z. Cho The Fish Bowl)
Рыбка то открывала, то закрывала рот. У нее не было зубов, как у голодного малыша или старика, шепотом повторяющего мантру.
17.	The Queen takes a step closer, her eyes glistening as she tries to reason with her son. (K. Moreno Mad as a Hatter)
Пытаясь вразумить сына, у нее наворачиваются слезы.
18.	Hatter is bleeding from cuts running up the side of his body. (K. Moreno Mad as a Hatter)
Шляпник истекает кровью из ран. которые находятся по бокам его тела.
19.	A Negro teamster, driving an empty wagon up from the wharves of Samson and Pae’s Foundry, watched expressionless from atop his wagon’s box. The crowd had stopped the carter from tum-
158
ing his horses out of the street, but the man was too wise to make any protest. (B. Cornwell Rebel)
Негр-возчик, возвращавшийся с пристани литейного завода Самсона и Пая. безучастно смотрел с облучка своей повозки. Толпа преградила путь его лошадям, но бывалый возчик не стал возмущаться.
20.	A small bespectacled man was leafing through the papers in Starbuck’s pocket book. There had been little money there, just four dollar s, but Star buck did not fear the loss of his money. Instead he feared the discovery of his name, which was written on a dozen letters in the pocket book. The small man had found one of the letters, which he now opened, read, tinned over, then read again. There was nothing private in the letter, it merely confirmed the time of a train on the Perm Central Road, but Starbuck’s name was written in block letters on the letter’s cover and the small man had spotted it. (B. Cornwell Rebel)
Какой-то очкарик перелистывал страницы дневника Старбака. В нем лежало четыре доллара — не такая уж большая сумма, но Старбак боялся отнюдь не ее потери. Он боялся, что его настоящее имя обнаружат на письмах, что лежали между страниц дневника. Очкарик нашел одно из писем, достал его из конверта, прочитал, перевернул, затем прочитал снова. В письме не было чего-то особенно личного, в нем всего лишь сообщалось о времени прибытия поезда на станцию Пенсильванской центральной железной дороги. Но на обложке письма печатными буквами было написано имя Старбака, и очкарик его заметил.
2.	Проанализируйте перевод отрывка из романа Н. Геймана «Звездная пыль», объясните: а) как узкий контекст влияет на актуализацию в метафоре Черная вдова’ первичного значения прилагательного ‘черный’; б) почему использование одноко
159
ренных слов ‘легкость’ и ‘легкомыслие’ в данном случае является неудачным.
Queen Victoria was on the throne of England, but she was not yet the black-clad widow of Windsor: she had apples in her cheeks and a spring in her step, and Lord Melbourne often had cause to upbraid, gently, the young queen for her flightiness.
Тогда Англией правила королева Виктория, еще не успевшая стать черной виндзорской вдовой: в то время она отличалась прекрасным цветом лица и необычайной легкостью походки, и лорду Мельбурну частенько приходилось упрекать юную королеву за легкомыслие.
3.	Проанализируйте перевод выделенного предложения, учитывая широкий контекст. Как, по вашему мнению, можно классифицировать этот вариант перевода — как вольный перевод или как «отсебятину»? Предложите свой вариант перевода.
So far, my favorite thing to say in all of Italian is a simple, common word: Attraversiamo. It means, ‘'Let’s cross over” friends say it to each other constantly when they’re walking down the sidewalk and have decided it’s time to switch to the other side of the sheet. Which is to say, this is literally a pedestrian word. Nothing special about it. The first time Giovanni said it to me, we were walking near the Colosseum. I suddenly heard him speak that beautiful word, and I stopped dead, demanding. “What does that mean? What did you just say?”
“Attraversiamo.”
He couldn’t understand why I liked it so much. Let’s cross the street? But to my ear, it’s the perfect combination of Italian sounds. The wistful ah of introduction, the rolling trill, the soothing 5, that lingering “ee-ah-moh” combo at the end. I love this word. I say it all tire time now. I invent my excuse to say it. It’s making Sofie nuts. Let’s cross over! Let’s cross over! Гт constantly dragging her back and forth across the crazy traffic of Rome. I’m going to get us
160
both killed with this word. (E. Gilbert Eat Pray' Love: One Woman's Search for Everything Across)
— Давай перейдем улицу! Давай перейдем улицу! Я постоянно таскаю ее туда-сюда через улицы с римскими водилами-камикадзе.
4.	Укажите случаи нарушения языковой или речевой нормы русского языка. Отредактируйте данные отрывки.
1.	Слышу, как ухает сова, а вдалеке, с Лунной горы, воют волки. (A. Petch The Tuscan Secret)
2.	«Бесс. — сказала она. едва прислонившись губами к уху девушки. — Бэсс. я пришла помочь». Сама от себя не ожидая, она добавила: «Все будет хорошо». (A.B. Brow Flight of the Sparrow)
3.	Его черты лица были привлекательными, хотя в тот день эта привлекательность была подпорчена сонливым видом. (В. Cornwell Rebel)
4.	Лысый засмеялся, и юноша ударил его. Удар был таким сильным и резким, что лысый попятился назад и чуть было не упал. (В. Cornwell Rebel)
5.	А затем морской флот потребовал от нее отслужить в их рядах несколько лет. (L. Riley Seven Sisters)
6.	Не существует ли. возможно, помимо врожденного желания к свободе, инстинктивное стремление к подчинению? (D. Eggers The Every)
7.	Этот остров соорудили в 1938 году для постройки нового аэропорта, но после начала Второй мировой войны терри
161
торию преобразовали в военную базу, а в последующие годы разбросанные по острову ангары преобразовали в производственные помещения, винодельни и доступное жилье. (D. Eggers The Every )
8.	Надеюсь, британскую публику не разозлит то, что я не пытаюсь скрыть правду о Каролине и полностью поддерживаю обвинения в сторону ее мужа. (A. Trollope The Way We Live Now)
9.	Своей красотой леди Карбери пользовалась не только дтя усиления собственного влияния, что впрочем, свойственно дтя всех женщин, но и дтя того, чтобы найти источник финансирования. который мог бы обеспечить ей достойное существование, к которому она так стремилась. (A. Trollope The Wax' We Live Now)
10.	Этот магазинчик ничем не выделялся в куче таких же палаток. установленных посреди утицы, где на провисших столах выставляли колотую стеклянную посуду, испачканные воротники. помятые шляпы, прошлогодние календари и бесполезные куски металла. (W.M. Akers Westside: A Novel (A Gilda Carr Tiny Mystery))
11.	Я украла перчатку. Она свисала со стола в захудалом магазинчике, торговавшем кожаными изделиями на Рынке Воров. Она была из белой кожи, тонкая, как бумажный лист, и мягкая, как масло. На костяшках были вышиты ирисы, а на запястье странная эмблема, изображавшая печать в лужице чернил. В этом ужасном магазинчике, брезентовые стены которого укрывали от солнца, но не спасали от жары, перчатка казалась ярким бежевым пятном в темноте. Она лежала среди кошельков, ботинок, ремней, кепок, курток, фартуков, ремней дтя правки бритвы и тонких ремешков — все на прилавке было краденым, но качеством не отличалось, к тому же все было испачкано. (W.M. Akers Westside: A Novel (A Gilda Carr Tiny Mystery))
162
12.	Он выпрямляется и смотрит мне прямо в глаза. Он кивает. его челюсти сильно сжимаются от боли, которую он испытывает. Сухожилия пульсируют на его шее. вены на лбу вот-вот лопнут. (К. Moreno Mad as a Hatter)
13.	Одна из гор отличалась от своих сестер: она скорее походила на скалу: более скалистая и высокая, с крутыми склонами, на которых было меньше деревьев, а ее вершина всегда была окутана туманом. (N. Babbit Kneeknock Rise)
14.	Су 11нь была ошарашена. В итоге у нее произошло помутнение разума. Рыбка была не такой страшной, как она себе ее представляла. Рот рыбки то открывался, то закрывался, прерывисто изображая удивление, и по форме напоминал букву «о». Ее белая чешуя быта такой гладкой, что казалось, будто ее и вовсе нет. Ее можно было бы сравнить с шелковистым тофу. (Z. Cho The Fish Bowl)
15.	В создании кукол было что-то успокаивающее. Сначала перед вами находилась голая, лысая, ничем не испорченная голова без лица. А потом, добавив волосы, глаза, одежду, обувь и улыбку или хмурый взгляд, вы превращаете ее в подобие человека. (Z. Cho The Fish Bowl)
16.	Броуди знал Рут Коффи всю жизнь. Она всю жизнь работала учительницей английского в старшей школе Джуэла, и каждый ребенок города обучался у нее. Броуди ярче всего помнил с того времени, как сам учился в школе, что она любила читать своим ученикам классику, да так, что даже самая древняя проза благодаря ей казалась живой и актуальной. (W.K. Krueger The River We Remember)
17.	В более старых домах были напольные часы, столы с откидными ножками и ряды оловянной посуды — пережитки времен, когда жизнь для сельских жителей была проще. Обста
163
новка дома зависела от количества ртов, которые нужно было накормить, а также от бережливости и умений хозяйки дома или отсутствия оных: но доход семей был одинаков, поскольку в то время в той местности стандартная зарплата за неделю для работника фермы составляла десять шиллингов. (F. Thompson Lark Rise)
18.	Напротив стены каждого ухоженного дома стояла вымазанная дегтем или окрашенная в зеленый цвет бочка с водой, куда стекала дождевая вода с крыши. Благодаря этому приходилось гораздо меньше ходить с ведрами до колодца, так как воду из бочки можно было использовать, чтобы чистить и стирать одежду, а еще чтобы поливать маленькие бесценные штучки в огороде. (F. Thompson Lark Rise)
19.	Индуисты чтут коров, потому что они являются символом всего живого. Даже лишение человека жизни не имеет такого символического значения, не несет такого неописуемого осквернения, как убийство коровы. (М. Hanis Cows, pigs, wars & witches: The riddles of cultures)
20.	Мохандас К. Ганди был ярым защитником почитания коров и хотел полного запрета их убийства. Когда писалась конституция Индии, в нее включили статью о правах коров, согласно которой чуть ли не любое убийство коровы считалось незаконным. С тех пор в некоторых штатах запретили убийство коров, но в других все еще допускают исключения. Коровий вопрос остается главной причиной восстаний и беспорядков не только среди индуистов и оставшихся членов исламского сообщества. но и между правящей партией Конгресса и радикально настроенными индуистскими партиями — почитателями коров. (М. Hanis Coirs, pigs, wars & witches: The riddles of cultures)
164
РАЗДЕЛ 8
СРАВНЕНИЕ ПЕРЕВОДОВ
1.	Сравните данные ниже переводы фрагмента из книги Дж.Р.Р. Толкина «Хоббит, или Туда и обратно» (J.R.R. Tolkien The Hobbit, or There and Back Again}, Прокомментируйте переводы с точки зрения передачи имен собственных, стилистического соответствия оригиналу, сохранения особенностей синтаксиса, сохранения комического эффекта.
“If you had dusted the mantelpiece, you would have found this just under the clock" said Gandalf, handing Bilbo a note (written, of course, on his own note-paper). This is what he read:
“Thorin and Company to Burglar Bilbo greeting! For your hospitality oui sincerest thanks, and for your offer of professional assistance oiu* grateful acceptance. Terms: cash on delivery, up to and not exceeding one fourteenth of total profits (if any); all traveling guaranteed in any event: funeral expenses to be defrayed by us or our representatives, if occasion arises and the matter is not otherwise arranged for.
Thinking it unnecessary to disturb your esteemed repose, we have proceeded in advance to make requisite preparations, and shall await your respected person at the Green Dragon Inn. Bywater, at 11 a.m. sharp. Trusting you will be punctual.
We have the honour to remain
Yours deeply
Пер. H. Рахмановой (1976)
— Если бы ты вытер каминную полку, ты бы нашел под часами вот это! — и Гэндальф протянул Бильбо записку (написанную, естественно, на собственной. Бильбо, писчей бумаге). Вот что Бильбо прочел:
165
«Торин и Ко шлют Вззомщику Бильбо свой привет! За гостеприимство — сердечная благодарность, предложение про-фессионазьной помощи принимается с признатезьностью. Условия — оплата при вручении искомого размером до, но не превышая, четырнадцатой части общего дохода (буде таковой случится). Возмещение путевых издержек в любом случае гарантировано, похоронные издержки ложатся на Ко или на ее представителей (если меры не приняты покойным заранее). Не считая возможным нарушать ваш драгоценный отдых, мы отправзяемся вперед, дабы сдезать необходимые приготовления. Будем ожидать вашу почтенную особу в харчевне Зезеный Дракон, Байуотер, ровно в 11 утра. Надеясь на Вашу пунктуальность, имеем честь пребывать глубоко преданные Торин и Ко».
Пер. С. Степанова, М. Каменкович (1995)
— А вот вытри ты пыль с камина, прямо под часами ты нашел бы вот это, — наставительно сказал Гэндальф, вручая хоббиту записку, нацарапанную на листке, вырванном, разумеется, из его собственного блокнота.
Вот что там было написано:
«Торин и Ко приветствуют Грабитезя Бильбо! Искренне благодарим за оказанное гостеприимство и весьма признатезь-ны за согласие оказать профессионазьную помощь. Наши условия: одна четырнадцатая часть (но не более!) общего дохода (если таковой будет) выплачивается сразу по получении; возмещение дорожных издержек гарантируется в любом случае; похороны за наш счет или за счет наших правопреемников, по мере необходимости».
Пер. К. Королева (2000)
А если бы ты стер с полки пыль, то нашел бы вот это, — Гэндальф вручит Бнтьбо листок бумаги — разумеется, бумага быта из хоббитовых запасов. Послание гласнто:
166
«Торин и компания приветствуют Бильбо Добытчика! Мы искренне благодарим Вас за проявленное гостеприимство и с радостью принимаем Ваше предложение помочь нам в нашем трудном дезе. Условия: Вам причитается одна четырнадцатая от общей добычи, буде таковая появится; дорожные расходы покрываются в любом случае; похороны за наги счет. Все оста1ьное следует оговаривать отдельно. Не желая прерывать Ваш отдых, мы отправляемся в путь с тем, чтобы произвести необходимые приготовления, и будем ожидать уважаемого господина Торбинса в приреченском трактире „Зезеный дракон “ ровно в одиннадцать утра. Рассчитываем на Вашу пунктуазьность.
Засим остаемся искренне Ваши Торин и Ко».
2.	Проанализируйте каламбуры в следующих переводах фрагмента из сказки Л. Кэрролла “Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland”. Как они построены? Какой из русских каламбуров вам кажется наиболее удачным? Предложите свой вариант перевода.
“When we were little,” the Mock Turtle went on at last, more calmly, though still sobbing a little now and then, “we went to school in the sea. The master was an old Turtle — we used to call him Tortoise.”
“Why did you call him Tortoise, if he wasn’t one?” Alice asked.
“We called him Tortoise because he taught us,” said the Mock Turtle angrily, “really you are very dull!”
Анонимный перевод. «Соня в царстве дива» (1879)
— Однажды. — замычала, наконецъ. телячья головка, и тяжело вздохнула. — я быта настоящимъ теленкомъ. И жилось намъ хорошо, телятамъ. какъ вздумали вдругъ сделать изъ насъ черепахь и отдали насъ въ ученье къ старой черепах^, жившей въ Mopi. — нисколько успокоившись и лишь изредка всхлипывая. продолжаеть телячья головка. — Море это было не настоящее, а соленый бассейны но мы его называли.иоремъ.
167
— Почему же вы его называли моремъ, когда оно было не настоящее? — спросила Соня.
— Мы его называли моремъ, потому что насъ тамъ морили, — сердито отвечала телячья головка. — И воспитывали насъ прекрасно.
Пер. В. Набокова «Аня в Стране чудес» (1923)
— Когда мы были маленькие. — соизволила продолжать Че-пупаха. уже спокойнее, хотя все же всхлипывая по временам. — мы ходили в школу на дне моря. У нас был старый, строгий учитель. мы его звали Молодым Спрутам.
— Почему же вы звали его молодым, если он был стар? — спросила Аня.
— Мы его звали так потому, что он всегда был с прутикам, — сердито ответил Чепупаха. — Какая вы. право, тупая!
Пер. Н. Демуровой «Приключения Алисы в стране чудес». (1967)
Наконец. Черепаха Квази немного успокоился и. тяжело вздыхая, заговорил.
— Когда мы были маленькие, мы ходили в школу на дне моря. Учителем у нас был старик-Черепаха.
Мы его звали Спру'тиком.
— Зачем же вы звали его Спрутиком. — спросила Алиса. — если на самом деле он был Черепахой?
— Мы его звали Спрутиком. потому что он всегда ходил с прутикам, — ответил сердито Черепаха Квази. — Ты не очень-то догадлива!
Пер. Б. Заходера «Алиса в Стране чудес» (1971)
— Когда мы были маленькими. — заговорил Деликатес менее патетическим тоном (хотя время от времени возвращался к прежним стенаниям), — мы ходили в школу в море. Учителем был сущий Змей Морской. В душе — Удав! Между собой его мы называли Питонам.
168
— А почему вы его так называли, раз он был Удав, а не Питон? — заинтересовалась Алиса.
— Он был Питон! Ведь мы — его питонцы\ — с негодованием ответил Деликатес. — Боюсь, дитя, ты умственно отстала!
Пер. А. Щербакова «Алиса в Стране Чудес» (1977)
— Когда мы были маленькие. — наконец продолжил Черепаха-Телячьи-Ножки. успокоившись и всхлипывая время от времени, но гораздо слабее. — мы ходили в школу, в морскую школу. Учительницей была старая Черепаха, но мы обычно звали ее Жучихой.
— Почему же вы называли ее Жучихой. если она не была Жучихой? — спросила Алиса.
— Ведь она ж учила нас! — разозлился Черепаха-Телячьи-Ножки. — Как вы несообразительны!
Пер. Л. Яхнина «Алиса в Стране Чудес» (1991)
Но тут Телепаха встрепенулась и промолвила:
— В детстве я училась в самой модной — водной — школе. Учительницей у нас была тетя Черепаха. Но мы ее звали Чередами.
— Вот странно! Почему? — удивилась Алиса.
— Не называть же тетю Черепапа! — фыркнул Грифон. — Соображать надо!
— Да-а. — покачала головой Телепаха. — не больно ты сообразительная.
Пер. А. Кононенко «Алиса в Стране Чудес» (2000)
— Когда мы были маленькими. — в конце концов продолжит Минтакраб уже спокойнее, продолжая тем не менее время от времени всхлипывать. — мы ходили в морской лицей. Классным руководителем у нас была старая Черепаха. Мы предпочитали звать ее Сомом.
— Почему сомом, если он был черепахой? — спросила Алиса.
169
— Потому что Георг Симон Ом лучший в области акустики. Вот мы и звали Черепаху с Омам проводить у нас занятия совместно, — сердито ответил Минтакраб. — Какая ты. право, глупая!
Пер. Ю. Нестеренко «Приключения Алисы в Стране Чудес» (2018)
— Когда мы были маленькими. — продолжил наконец Якобы Черепаха более спокойно, хотя и все еще всхлипывая время от времени. — мы ходили в школу в море. Нашим учителем быт старик Черепаха — мы обычно называли его Зубром.
— Почему вы называли его Зубром, если он был Черепахой? — спросила Алиса.
— Мы называли его Зубром, потому что он заставлял нас зубрить! — гневно ответил Черепаха. — Воистину, ты очень несообразительна!
Пер. А. Козлова «Приключения Алисы в Стране Члдес» (2019)
Когда мы были маленькими. — продолжал Мок-Череп Ах, уже успокаиваясь, но еще время от времени всхлипывая. — мы пошли учиться в школу на дне морском. Учителем быт у нас черепаха. а мы обзывали его Спрутам.
— Почему ты назвал его Спрутом, если он им не быт? — спросила Алиса.
— Мы назвали его Спрутом, потому что он в классе всегда ходил с прутам! — сердито сообщил Мок-Череп Ах. — Если бы вы знали, как вы скучны — в простейшие вещи не врубаетесь!
3.	Проведите стилистический анализ отрывка из книги Д. Адамса The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy. Сравните данные ниже переводы этого отрывка. Предложите свой вариант перевода.
170
The house stood on a slight rise just on the edge of the village. It stood on its own and looked over a broad spread of West Country farmland. Not a remarkable house by any means — it was about thirty years old. squattish. squarish. made of brick, and had four windows set in the front of a size and proportion which more or less exactly failed to please the eye. The only person for whom the house was in any way special was Arthur Dent, and that was only because it happened to be the one he lived in. He had lived in it for about tlu ee years, ever since he had moved out of London because it made him nervous and irritable. He was about thirty as well, dark hailed and never quite at ease with himself.
It hadn’t properly registered with Arthur that the council wanted to knock down his house and build a bypass instead.
At eight o’clock on Thursday morning Arthur didn’t feel veiy good. He woke up blearily, got up, wandered blearily round his room, opened a window, saw a bulldozer, found his slippers, and stomped off to the bathroom to wash.
Toothpaste on the brush — so. Scrub.
Shaving minor — pointing at the ceiling. He adjusted it.
For a moment it reflected a second bulldozer through the bathroom window. Properly adjusted, it reflected Arthur Dent’s bristles. He shaved them off. washed, dried, and stomped off to the kitchen to find something pleasant to put in his mouth.
Kettle, plug, fridge, milk, coffee. Yawn.
Пер. В. Баканова «Автостопом по Галактике» (1997)
Дом стоял на небольшой возвышенности на самом краю поселка. Он был ничем не примечателен — построенный лет тридцать назад, кирпичный, маленький, невзрачный, с четырьмя окнами на фасаде. Словом, один из тех. от которых тут же хочется отвести взгляд. Единственным человеком, полюбившим это чахлое строение, был Артур Дент, да и то лишь потому, что жил в нем. Жил уже три года, с тех пор как уехал из Лондона — Лондон был вреден для его нервной системы. От роду Артуру
171
было столько же. сколько и дому — около тридцати. Высокий, темноволосый, он вечно был не в ладах с самим собой.
Артуру все еще было невдомек, что муниципалитет принял решение снести его дом и проложить на этом месте скоростное шоссе.
В четверг в восемь часов утра Артур чувствовал себя далеко не блестяще. Он едва разлепил веки, с трудом обошел комнату, открыл окно, увидел бульдозер, нашел тапочки и поплелся в ванную. Склонившись над раковиной. Артур машинально почистил зубы.
Выпрямился. Зеркало для бритья отражало потолок.
Поправил зеркало — и на секунду, через окно в ванной, оно отразило второй бульдозер. Установленное правильно, оно отразило щетину на лице Артура Дента. Артур побрился, плеснут в лицо водой, вытерся и зашлепал на кухню.
Чайник, розетка, холодильник, молоко, кофе. Зевок.
Пер. Е. Щербатюк «Автостопом по Млечному Пути» (2000)
Дом стоял на пологом склоне, на самом краю городка. Он стоял себе и смотрел вдаль, на широкие просторы фермерских полей Западной Англии. Ничем не примечательный дом. построенный около тридцати лет назад. Приземистый, угловатый, сложенный из кирпича, дом нес на своем фасаде четыре окна, таких размеров и пропорций, которые, в большей или меньшей степени, не могли порадовать глаз. Единственным человеком, для которого дом имел какое-то значение, был Артур Дент, да и то потому, что ему довелось там жить. Он жил в доме около трех лет. все время после переезда из Лондона, вызванного наводимой большим городом нервозностью и раздражительностью. Высокий, темноволосый, он никогда не пребывал в полном согласии с самим собой.
Артура еще не известили в установленном порядке, что городской совет хочет снести дом и проложить на его месте шоссе.
172
Утром четверга, в восемь часов, Артур чувствовал себя не лучшим образом. Он проснулся, как в дурмане. Встал, словно оглушенный, побродил по комнате, открыл окно, увидел бульдозер, нашел свои шлепанцы и потащился в ванную умываться.
Пасту на щетку, — так. Почистил.
Зеркальце для бритья показывало в потолок. Он его повернул.
На миг зеркальце отразило второй бульдозер в окне ванной. Повернутое правильно, оно отражало щетину. Сбрил щетину, умылся, вытерся и прошлепал на кухню, пожевать вкусненького.
Чайник, крышка, холодильник, молоко, кофе. Зевок.
Пер. В. Филиппова «Путеводитель хитч хайкера по Галактике» (2014)
Дом стоял на склоне холма на окраине городка, отдельно от всех прочих. Окна его выходили на широкую равнину Западной Англии. С какой стороны ни посмотреть — так себе дом: ему было почти тридцать лет. и это квадратное приземистое строение ни своим видом, ни размерами не поднимало у прохожих настроения. Единственный, кого этот дом хоть чем-то устраивал — Артур Дент, 30 лет. рост выше среднего, волосы темно-русые. Да и то только потому, что Денту выпало владеть этим домом. Артур жил в нем года три. с тех пор, как уехал из Лондона. Лондон его раздражал: там Артуру было не по себе.
До Артура все еще не дошло, что городской совет решил снести его дом. и построить на этом месте объездную дорогу.
В 8 часов утра в четверг самочувствие Артура Дента оставляло желать много лучшего. Он открыл глаза, обвел комнату неясным взором, встал; как в тумане, проковылял к окну, увидел бульдозер, нашел шлепанцы и отправится умываться.
Зубную пасту на щетку. Почистим зубы. Зеркало повернуто к потолку. Поправим зеркало. В нем мелькнул второй бульдозер за окошком, потом небритая щека. Артур побрился, умылся и
173
прошлепал на кухню, где намеревался разыскать что-нибудь, не вызывающее возражений у его желудка.
Кофейник, газ. кофе, молоко. Зевок.
4.	Проведите стилистический анализ отрывка из книги Н. Гей-мана «Звездная пыль». Сравните данные ниже переводы этого отрывка. Предложите свой вариант перевода.
The tale started, as many tales have started, in Wall.
The town of Wall stands today as it has stood for six hundred years, on a high jut of granite amidst a small forest woodland. The houses of Wall are square and old, built of grey stone, with dark slate roofs and high chimneys; taking advantage of every inch of space on the rock, the houses lean into each other, are built one upon the next, with here and there a bush or tree growing out of the side of a building.
There is one road from Wall, a winding track rising sharply up from the forest, where it is lined with rocks and small stones. Followed far enough south, out of the forest, the track becomes a real road, paved with asphalt: followed further the road gets larger, is packed at all horns with cars and trucks rushing from city to city. Eventually the road takes you to London, but London is a whole night’s drive from Wall.
The inhabitants of Wall are a taciturn breed, falling into two distinct types: the native Wall-folk, as grey and tall and stocky as the granite outcrop their town was built upon: and the others, who have made Wall their home over the years, and their descendants.
Below' Wall on the west is the forest: to the south is a treacherously placid lake served by the streams that drop from the hills behind Wall to the north. There are fields upon the hills, on which sheep graze. To the east is more w oodland. Immediately to the east of Wall is a high grey rock w'all. from which the town takes its name. This w'all is old. built of rough, square lumps of hewn granite, and it comes from the woods and goes back to the woods once more.
174
There is only one break in the wall: an opening about six feet in width, a little to the north of the village. Even today, two townsmen stand on either side of the opening, night and day, taking eight-hour shifts. They cany hefty wooden cudgels. They flank the opening on the town side. Their main function is to prevent the town’s children from going though the opening, into the meadow and beyond. Occasionally they are called upon to discourage a solitary rambler, or one of the few visitors to the town, from going through the gateway. The children they discourage simply with displays of the cudgel. Where ramblers and visitors are concerned, they are more inventive, only using physical force as a last resort if tales of new-planted grass, or a dangerous bull on the loose, are not sufficient. There have been no cases of smuggling across the wall in all the Twentieth Century, that the townsfolk know of. and they pride themselves on this. The guard is relaxed once every nine years, on May Day, when a fair comes to the meadow.
The events that follow transpired many years ago. People were coming to the British Isles that spring. They came in ones, and they came in twos, and they landed at Dover or in London or in Liveipool: men and women with skins as pale as paper, skins as dark as volcanic rock, skins the color of cinnamon, speaking in a multitude of tongues. They arrived all through April, and they traveled by steam train, by horse, by caravan or cart, and many of them walked.
At that time Dunstan Thom was eighteen, and he was not a romantic. He had nut-brown hair, and nut-brown eyes, and nut-brown freckles. He was middling tall, and slow7 of speech. He had an easy smile, which illuminated his face from within, and he dreamed, when he daydreamed in his father’s meadow, of leaving the village of Wall and all its unpredictable chain), and going to London, or Edinburgh, or Dublin, or some great town where nothing w as dependent on which way the wind was blowing.
Visitors were coming to Wall that April for the fail; and Dunstan resented them. Mr. Bromios’s inn, the Seventh Magpie, normally a warren of empty rooms, had filled a week earlier, and now7 the
175
strangers had begun to take rooms in the farms and private houses, paying for then lodgings with strange coins, with herbs and spices, and even with gemstones. As the day of the fail* approached the atmosphere of anticipation mounted. People were waking earlier, counting days, counting minutes. The guards on the gate, at the sides of the wall, were restive and nervous. Figiu es and shadows moved in the trees at the edge of the meadow.
Пер. А. Дубининой (2006)
Эта история — как и многие ей подобные — началась в Застенье.
Селение под названием Застенье и сейчас, как шестьсот лет назад, стоит на гранитном выступе посреди лесной чащи. Дома в Застенье старые, похожие на кубики серого камня, крытые темными шиферными крышами. Стараясь использовать каждый дюйм гранита, строения лепятся одно к другому; то тут, то там к стене жмется деревце или кустик.
Из Застенья ведет всего одна дорога — извилистая тропа через лес, с двух сторон окаймленная отдельными валунами и камнями помельче. Она идет далеко на юг и за лесом становится настоящей дорогой, покрытой асфальтом. Чем дальше, тем она делается шире; по ней круглые сутки из города в город снуют автомобили. В конце концов дорога приводит в Лондон — но от Застенья до Лондона целая ночь езды.
Жители Застенья по большей части народ немногословный. Они делятся на коренных застенцев — таких же твердых и бледных. как гранит, на котором построено их селение, — и остальных. сравнительно недавно нашедших в Застенье пристанище для себя и своих потомков.
С запада Застенье окружено густым лесом, на юге есть озеро, обманчиво тихое на вид. которое подпитывается горными ручьями, стекающими с холмов к северу от деревни. На пастбищах в холмах пасутся овцы. А к востоку — вновь сплошной лес. С этого самого востока Застенье отгорожено серой каменной стеной, от которой и происходит название селения. Стена очень
176
старая, сложена из крупных, грубо обработанных глыб гранита: она начинается в лесу и. пройдя по краю деревни, снова уходит в лес.
В стене есть одно-единственное отверстие. Брешь футов шести в ширину находится на северо-востоке Застенья. И по сей день местные жители круглые сутки по двое охраняют брешь, сменяя караулы каждые восемь часов. Караульные вооружены тяжелыми деревянными дубинками; стоят они. конечно же. со стороны деревни. Основная их задача — не пропускать на ту сторону деревенских детишек. Иногда им приходится отгонять от бреши случайных бродяг или какого-нибудь любопытного приезжего. Чтобы отпугнуть детей, достаточно погрозить дубинкой. Отвадить взрослых посетителей сложнее, и стражникам приходится проявлять больше изобретательности, пуская в ход физическую силу как последнее средство, если не срабатывают истории о свежепосаженной траве, которую нельзя топтать, или о страшном быке, сорвавшемся с привязи. На протяжении всего двадцатого века никому, по мнению местных жителей, не удавалось пробраться за стену — и они этим очень гордятся. Застен-цы снимают стражу только раз в девять лет. на Майский праздник. когда на лугу за стеной открывается ярмарка.
События, о которых я расскажу, произошли много лет назад. Той весной на Британские острова прибыло немало странных людей. Они приплывали поодиночке и парами, высаживались на берег в Дувре. Лондоне или Ливерпуле: мужчины и женщины. говорившие на разных языках, одни — с кожей цвета белой бумаги, другие — с кожей цвета корицы, третьи вовсе темные, как камень вулкана. Они прибывали беспрерывно на протяжении апреля и неизменно отправлялись в одну и ту же сторону — на паровозах или на лошадях, в повозках и двуколках, а некоторые путешествовали пешком.
Дунстану Терну в то время исполнилось восемнадцать лет. У него были коричневые, как ореховая скорлупа, волосы, такие же глаза и такие же коричневые веснушки. Роста он был немногим выше среднего, разговорчивостью не отличался. Улыба л-
177
ся он приятно — улыбка как будто освещала его лицо изнутри. Иногда — чаще всего на отцовском лугу — он предавался мечтам. и мечты его сводились к тому, чтобы уехать подальше из Застенья. от всего тутошнего непредсказуемого волшебства, и осесть где-нибудь в Лондоне, или Эдинбурге, или в Дублине — в общем, в любом большом городе, где ничего не зависит от направления ветра.
Понаехавшие в Застенье в апреле на ярмарку посетители Дунстана раздражали. Трактир мистера Бромиоса. «Седьмая сорока», обычно пустовал целыми днями — а тут весь оказался забит чужеземцами. Все до одной тамошние комнаты были заняты за неделю до ярмарки, и новые гости начали снимать жилье на фермах и в частных домах, расплачиваясь за проживание странными монетами, травами, пряностями и даже драгоценными камнями. По мере приближения ярмарочного дня гости делались все шумней и нетерпеливее. Они просыпались на рассвете. считали дни. часы и минуты. Стражи у бреши тоже нервничали — на дальнем краю луга среди деревьев мелькали тени и странные фигуры.
Пер. А. Дубининой, М. Мельниченко (2017)
Эта история — как и многие ей подобные — началась в Застенье.
Деревня Застенье и сейчас, как и шесть сотен лет назад, стоит на гранитном выступе посреди дремучего леса. Дома там старые, похожие на кубики серого камня, крытые темным шифером. Используя каждый свободный дюйм, они лепятся один к другому, и то тут. то там к их стенам жмется деревце или кустик.
Из Застенья ведет всего одна дорога — извилистая тропа через лес. петляющая между большими валунами и камнями помельче. Она тянется далеко на юг и за лесом превращается в обычную асфальтовую дорогу — чем дальше, тем шире, и по ней сутками напролет из города в город снуют автомобили.
178
В конце концов она приводит в Лондон, но от Застенья до него придется ехать всю ночь.
Жители деревни молчаливы: они делятся на коренных за-стенцев — суровых, как гранит, на котором построено их селение, — и тех, кто сравнительно недавно нашел в Застенье пристанище для себя и своих потомков.
С запада к Застенью подступает лес, на юге есть тихое на первый взгляд озеро: в него впадают холодные прозрачные ручьи. стекающие с холмов, расположенных к северу от деревни, на которых пасутся овцы, а на востоке опять начинается сплошной лес. Именно с восточной стороны Застенья и стоит серая каменная стена, от которой пошло название деревни. Стена эта очень древняя и сложена из крупных, грубо обработанных глыб гранита: она начинается где-то далеко в лесу и за деревней вновь уходит в лесную чащу.
В стене есть одно-единственное отверстие — проход метра полтора-два в ширину чуть к северу от деревни. И по сей день местные жители по двое денно и нощно караулят проход, сменяясь каждые восемь часов. Они вооружены увесистыми деревянными дубинками и стоят всегда только со стороны деревни. Главная их задача — не пропускать на ту сторону деревенских детишек, но порой им приходится отгонять от прохода случайного бродягу или какого-нибудь любопытного приезжего. Чтобы отпугнуть детей, достаточно погрозить дубинкой, а вот отвадить взрослых сложнее, так что стражниках! приходится проявлять изобретательность. И если не срабатывают истории о свежепо-саженной траве, которую нельзя топтать, или о страшном быке, сорвавшемся с привязи, им ничего не остается как применить физическую ситу. Местные жители уверены, что за весь двадцатый век никому не удалось пробраться за Стену, и очень этим гордятся. Стражу снимают только раз в девять лет — во время весеннего праздника, когда на лугу за Стеной открывается ярмарка.
События, о которых пойдет речь, произошли много лет назад. Той весной на Британские острова съехалось немало людей.
179
Они приплывали поодиночке и парами, высаживались на берег в Дувре. Лондоне или Ливерпуле. Это были мужчины и женщины. и говорили они на разных языках: кожа у одних была белей бумаги, у других напоминала цветом корицу, а у третьих и вовсе была черна, как вулканическая порода. Они прибывали весь апрель и устремлялись в одном направлении — на паровозах или верхом, в повозках и двуколках, а многие просто пешком.
Данстану Торну в тот год исполнилось восемнадцать. У него были волосы цвета ореховой скорлупы, такого же оттенка глаза и веснушки. Роста он был немногим выше среднего и говорил неторопливо, а вот улыбка у него быта приятная — она словно освещала лицо изнутри. И мечтал он — чаще всего на отцовском лугу, — как уедет когда-нибудь подальше от Застенья с его непредсказуемым волшебством и осядет где-нибудь в Лондоне, или в Эдинбурге, или в Дублине — в общем, в любом большом городе, где жизнь идет спокойно и размеренно.
Гости, которые съезжались в Застенье на апрельскую ярмарку, Данстана раздражали. Гостиница мистера Бромиоса, «Седьмая сорока», комнаты в которой обычно пустовали, уже за неделю до ярмарки заполнилась чужеземцами, и новым гостям приходилось искать жилье на фермах и в домах местных жителей. расплачиваясь за постой странными монетами, травами, пряностями и даже драгоценными камнями. Чем меньше времени оставалось до открытия ярмарки, тем больше нетерпения проявляли гости. Они просыпались на рассвете и бродили по округе, считая дни. часы и минуты. Стражи у бреши тоже нервничали — на дальнем краю луга среди деревьев уже мелькали тени и странные фигуры.
5.	Проведите стилистический анализ отрывка из книги Дж. Джойса Finnegans Wake. Аллюзия на какое художественное произведение используется в этом фрагменте? Проанализируйте переводы этого отрывка. Сохраняется ли аллюзия в переводе? Как передаются авторские окказиональные слова и игра слов?
180
The fall (bababadalghaiaghtakmnmmaiioimkoiuibronntoiiner-ronntuomitlnmntrovarrhounawnskawntooh-oohoordenenthurnuk!) of a once wallstrait oldparr is retaled early in bed and later on life down through all Christian minstrelsy. The great fall of the offwall entailed at such short notice the pftjschute of Finnegan, erse solid man. that the humptyhillhead of humself promptly sends an unquir-ing one well to the west in quest of his tumptytumtoes: and their up-tumpikepointandplace is at the knock out in the park where oranges have been laid to rust upon the green since devlinsfirst loved liwy.
What clashes here of wills gen wonts, oystrygods gaggin fishy-gods! Brekkek Kekkek Kekkek Kekkek! Koax Koax Koax! Uahi Uahi Uahi! Quaouauh!
Пер. О. Брагиной «Поминки по Финнегану» (2017)
Падение (бабабадалгараткамминарроннконнброннтоннерро ннтуоннтуннтроваррхоунаунскантухухурденентурнук!) цитадели Уолл-Стрит и старика Томаса Парра снова обсуждается после раннего ухода ко сну и в дальнейшей жизни всеми христианскими менестрелями. Великое падение стены из яичной скорлупы повлекло за собой, с уведомлением за короткий срок, пфуйпадок Финнегана, цельного ирландца, шалтаесбежавшего. который, не откладывая в долгий ящик, отправляет любого, кто спросит о стене, в западные земли мертвых на поиски его болтаепальцев: место, где их тела были пронзены копьем шлагбаума, находится на холме Касл-нокаут в парке, где апельсиновые деревья покоятся в зелени с тех пор, как термопластик влюбился в реку Лиф-фи.
Что за .лязг оружия в противостоянии желаний, боги-устрицы остготов душат богов-рыб вестготов! Брекекекс, коакс. коакс! Уталу улалу улалу! Ква!
Пер. А. Рене «На помине Финнеганов» (2018—2021)
Твое падение (разразразевесокрушименятешубуккоторрпар рджаньяфаитиритиниявависюгэтойоншангоаокамамарагангръм мълонья!), о подзаработный старосудак. переподают на сон гря
181
дущий. а потом при побуждении по всем христианским мини-стрельствам. Гробанувшийся утильзабор в такой короткий срок неотчуждаемо прихвостил низвсмятковержение Финнегана, этого гибернски солидного человека, что его самодружная гораго-ловушка нельзямедлительно отсылает любознайку на немыслимый запад исследствовать. где он отдал свои горегорюшконцы. коих позамирнопризаставное место находится на круче откоса в парке, где оранжеребята легли косточками на зелень, когда дево-ловдруг полюбил левушку
Как тут сталкиваются воли против былей, устрицеподобные противней всетигадообразных! Бреккек-кеккек-кеккек-кеккек! Коакс-коакс-коакс! Уалу, уалу, уалу! Иваявоа!
список источников
Произведения художественной литературы
1.	Adams D. The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy. London: Pan Books. 2020.
2.	Allen G. The Woman Who Did. Boston: Roberts Brothers. 1895.
3.	Akers W.M. Westside: A Novel (A Gilda Carr Tiny Mystery). Harper Collins. 2019.
4.	Atwood M.E. The Robber Bride. New York: Anchor. 1998.
5.	Atwood M. The Handmaid’s Tale. Glasgow: Harper Voyager. 2019.
6.	Austen J. Pride and Prejudice. Hertfordshire: Wordsworth Editions. 2019.
7.	Babbit N. The Kneeknock Rise. New York: Farrar. Straus and Giroux. 1970.
8.	Bainbridge B. The Birthday Boys. New York: Carroll & Graf Pub. 1994.
9.	Bainbridge B. Winter Garden. London: London Abacus. 2003.
10.	Barnhill A. At the Mercy of the Queen. New York: St. Martin’s Griffin. 2012.
11.	Bowen J. The little book of Bob: Life lessons from a streetwise Cat. New York: St. Martin’s Griffin. 2020.
12.	Bradbury R. A sound of thunder. New York: William Morrow, 2005.
13.	Bradbury R. Dark they were and golden-eyed. New’ York: William Morrow; 2005.
14.	Bradbury R. The blue bottle. New York: William Morrow^, 2005.
15.	Bradbury R. The one who w aits. New York: William Morrow, 2005.
16.	Bradbury R. The sunset harp. New York: William Morrow, 2005.
17.	Bradbury R. Tyrannosaurus Rex. New York: William Morrow, 2005.
18.	Brown A.B. Flight of the Sparrow; New York: Berkley, 2014.
19.	Bryndza R. The Not So Secret Emails of Coco Pinchard. LawTence: Raven Street Publishing, 2019.
20.	Byatt A. Possession. New’ York: Vintage Book, 2018.
21.	Cabot M. She Went All the Way. New York: HarperCollins, 2002.
22.	Carey P. Parrot and Olivier in America. Newr York: Vintage Book, 2010.
23.	Caudwell S. Thus Was Adonis Murdered. Oxford: ISIS Large Print, 2003.
183
24.	Chariandy D. J. Brother. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. 2018.
25.	Chiang T. Tower of Babylon. New York: Vintage Book. 2017.
26.	Cho Z. The Fish Bowl // Spirits Abroad. London: Pan McMillan. 2021.
27.	Cornwell B. Rebel. New York: HarperCollins. 1993.
28.	Delaney F. The Leland Novels. New York: HarperCollins. 2008.
29.	Denk J. Every Good Boy Does Fine: A Love Story, in Music Lessons. New York: Random House. 2022.
30.	Dickens Ch. A Christmas Carol in Prose. Being a Ghost Story of Christmas. Москва: ACT. 2023.
31.	Dickson Sh. The Orphan Sisters. London: Bookouture. 2019.
32.	Du Maurier D. Rebecca. London: Macmillan Education. 2016.
33.	Dwyer M. Red in the Centre: The Australian Bush Through Urban Eyes. Australia: Monyer Pty. Ltd.. 2008.
34.	Eggers D. The Every. London: Penguin. 2022.
35.	Fielding H. Bridget Jones’s Diary. London: Picador. 1996.
36.	French N. Hollywood Secret. Raglan Publishing. 2020.
37.	Frey R. Not her daughter. NewT York: St. Martin’s Griffin. 2019.
38.	Fry S. The Stars’ Tennis Balls. London: Arrow Books. 2021.
39.	Gaiman N. Stardust. London: Headline. 2021.
40.	Gaiman N. The Graveyard Book. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. 2021.
41.	Gallico P. W. Mrs. ‘Arris goes to New York. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. 2021.
42.	Gibbons S. Cold Comfort Farm. London: Penguin. 2020.
43.	Groom W. Forrest Gump. London: Penguin. 2019.
44.	Hagan J.. Shedd C. A Socio-Legal Conflict Theory of Preceptions of Criminal Injustice // Univ, of Chicago Legal Forum. 2005. Vol. 1. Issue 1.
45.	Haggard R. Allan Quatermain. Hertfordshire: Wordsworth Editions. 2020.
46.	Hamilton J. Thomas Gainsborough: A Portrait. London: Weidenfeld & Nicholson. 2018.
47.	Hardaker C. Mothtown. Nottingham: Angry Robot. 2023.
48.	Hargrave K.M. The Mercies. London: Picador. 2019.
49.	Harris J. Class of ‘81. London: Transworld Digital. 2011.
50.	Harris M. Cows. pigs, wars & witches: The riddles of cultures. New York: Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. 1989.
184
51.	Harvey S. The Wilderness. London; Jonathan Cape. 2009.
52.	Home A. The Price of Glory: Verdun 1916. London: Penguin. 1993.
53.	Jenoff P. The Lost Girls of Paris. New York: Park Row; 2019.
54.	Jerome J.K. Three men in a boat. London: J.W. Arrowsmith: Simpkin. Marshall. Hamilton. Kent & Co., 1889.
55.	Joyce J. Finnegans Wake. London: Penguin, 2000.
56.	Kipling R. Dray Wara Yow Dee. London: Sampson Low, Marston, Searle & Livingston, Ltd., 1891.
57.	Kwik J. Limitless. Carlsbad, California: Hay House, 2023.
58.	Lahiri J. The Namesake. New York: Mariner Books, 2004.
59.	Lauri H. The Gun Seller. London: Cornerstone, 1997.
60.	Lorenzo O. The Light on the Water. Australia, Crows Nest: Allen & Unwin, 2016.
61.	Mantel H. Wolf Hall. New York: Henry Holt and Co., 2009.
62.	Mathieu J. Afterward. New York: Roaring Book Press, 2016.
63.	Matthews L. A Conviction of Guilt. London: Collins Crime, 1993.
64.	McCarthy C. The Road. New York: Vintage Books, 2006.
65.	McKillip P. A. The Forgotten Beasts of Eld. San Francisco, CA: Tachyon Publications, 2017.
66.	Mercer L. Who we were before. Seattle: Lake Union Publishing, 2019.
67.	Mitchell D. Cloud Atlas. New’York: Random House, 2012.
68.	Moreno K. Mad as a Hatter. Independently published, 2019.
69.	Mulvagh J. Vivienne Westwood: An Unfashionable Life. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 2003.
70.	Murphy E. The Disappearances. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2017.
71.	Nairne C. One stair up. Leipzig; Paris: Bernhard Tauchnitz: Librairie Gaulon & Fils, 1933.
72.	Parham B. Sorry, We Can’t Use Funny. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2010.
73.	Petch A. The Tuscan Secret. London: Bookouture, 2019.
74.	Reck J. A short history of the girl next door. New York: Random House Books for Young Readers, 2017.
75.	Reichert A. E. Luck, Love & Lemon Pie. New’ York: Gallery Books, 2016.
76.	Riley L. Seven Sisters. London: Pan Books, 2018.
185
77.	Rowling J.K. Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone. London: Bloomsbury. 2020.
78.	Salinger J.M. The Catcher in the Rye. London: Hamish Hamilton. 1951.
79.	Sparks N. A bend in the road. New York: Little. Brown & Company. 2013.
80.	Staples M. J. Down Lambeth Way. London: Corgi. 1988.
81.	Stross Ch. Halting State. New York: Little. Brown & Company. 2008.
82.	Tartt D. The Goldfinch. New York: Little. Broun & Company. 2013.
83.	Tolkien J.R.R. The Hobbit, or There and Back Again. London: George Allen and Unwin. 1937.
84.	Trollope A. The Way We Live Now. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1875.
85.	Vandermeer J. Annihilation. Glasgow: Forth Estate. 2014.
86.	Varoufakis Y. Adults in the room. London: Bodley Head. 2017.
87.	Ward J.R. Blood Vow. New York: Ballantine Books. 2017.
88.	Waugh E. A handful of dust. London: Chapman and Hall. 1977.
89.	Weisberger L. Everyone worth knowing. London: HarperCollins. 2013.
90.	Weisberger L. The Devil wears Prada. New York: Anchor Books. 2003.
91.	White E. Stuart Little. New York: Harper & Brothers. 1945.
92.	Wilson R. Ch. Darwinia. New’ York: Tor Books. 1998.
93.	Winters R. Would Like to Meet. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons. 2019.
94.	Wolfe T. Look Homeward. Angel. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons. 1929.
95.	Zaczek I. Celtic ait and design. London: Moyer Bell. 1996.
96.	Белсвик P. Простодурсен. Зима от начала до конца / пер. О. Дробот. Москва: Самокат. 2023.
97.	Джек — Истребитель великанов // Английские сказки / пер. Т. Гудковой и Ю. Зыбина. Москва: Седьмая книга. 2012.
98.	Джек — Победитель Великанов // Английские народные сказки / пер. Н. Шерешевской. Москва: Дрофа-Плюс. 2005.
99.	Ингульстад Ф. Кривуля / пер. Н. Будур. Москва: Мелик-Пашаев. 2013.
100.	Линдгрен А. Карлссон, который живет на крыше // Линдгрен А. Собр. соч.: в 6 т. / пер. Л. Брауде. Москва: Азбука. 1999. Т. 3.
186
101.	Линдгрен А. Малыш и Карлсон, который живет на крыше / пер. Л. Лунгиной. Москва: Детгиз. 1957.
Интернет-источники
1.	A guide to conquering social awkwardness. URL: https://au.reachout.com/ relationships/communication-skills/how-to-be-less-socially-awkward
2.	Clark P. We should have fixed jet lag by now // Financial Times. 2024. URL: https://www.ft.com/content/27a75f3f-3a57-4ale-a60d-04de3087eddl
3.	CNN. 2024. URL: https://edition.cnn.com/2024/07/27/business/haircut-women-men-more-expensive/index.html
4.	Common Dreams. URL:	https://www.commondreams.org/
views/2020/10/03/trumpgate-makes-watergate-look-childs-play
5.	Forbes. Trump is playing ‘The man card* according to new documentary. URL:	https ://www.forbes.com/sites/
kimelsesser/2020/10/23/trump-is-playing-the-man-card-according-to-new-documentary/
6.	Groves E. ABC News. 2024. URL: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2024-01 -04/canberran-singing-group-win-international-barbershop-contest/103260308
7.	Kamp D. The Tabloid Decade. URL: https://www.vanityfair.com/ culture/1999/02/david-kamp-tabloid-decade
8.	Metro. URL: https://metro.co.uk/2016/10/13/trumpkins-are-here-and-they-are-the-most-terrifying-halloween-trend-ever-6189875/
9.	New York Daily News. 2023. URL: https://www.nydailynews. com/2023/09/14/house-speaker-kevin-mccarthy-trades-f-bombs-with-right-wing-nemesis-rep-matt-gaetz/
10.	Pascual L. de Grandes. European Parliament. Verbatum report of proceedings. Brussel. 28 November. 2007. URL: https://www.europarl. europa.eu/doceo/document/CRE-6-2007-11-28-INT-3-155_EN.html
11.	Payne R. Digital normadism as a modem benefit. URL: https://remote. com/blog/digital-nomadism-modern-benefit
12.	President-elect Joe Biden’s victory speech in full // Sky News. URL: https://www youtube. com/watch?v= 1 AfNY ztas2c
13.	Scarlet Days. Cambridge University Library. URL: https://www.lib. cam.ac.uk/university-archives/glossary/scarlet-days
14.	Taleb N. Learning to Expect the Unexpected. URL: https://www. turtletrader.com/nassim-taleb/
187
15.	The Economist. Recession comes to China. 2008. URL: https://www. economist.com/free-exchange/2008/10/20/recession-comes-to-china
16.	The Economist. Stimulus or not? 2009. URL: https://www.economist. com/china/2012/06/02/stimulus-or-not-
17.	The Economist. Repelling borders. 2009. URL: https://www.economist. com/finance-and-economics/2010/04/08/repelling-borders
18.	The Guardian. A new leaf. 2007. URL: https://www.theguardian.com/ lifeandstyle/2007/feb/24/familyandrelationshipsl
19.	The Guardian. Great name, good ads. plenty hype. flop. 2001. URL:	https://www.theguardian.eom/media/2000/jan/31/newmedia.
mondaymediasection
20.	The Guardian. Guardian Hack Day. 2008. URL: https://www. theguardian. com/help/insideguardian/2008/no v/18/hack-day
21.	The Guardian. The Australian dumpster divers who find treasure in the trash. 2024. URL: https://www.theguardian.com/business/2024/feb/04/ i-open-the-bins-and-think-im-in-for-a-treat-the-australian-dumpster-divers-who-find-treasure-in-the-trash
22.	The New York Times. And Baby Makes Three. 2007. URL: https:// www.nytimes.com/2007/02/11/fashion/1 lbooks.html
23.	The Pand Hotel. Bruges. URL: https://www.frommers.com/ destinations/bruges/hotels/the-pand-hotel
24.	The Times // Your Three-Minute Digest. 2020. URL: https://www. thetimes.com/life-style/property-home/article/your-three-minute-digest-r2r31w9wc
25.	The Winter’s Tale Characters & Descriptions. URL: https ://www. playshakespeare.com/the-winters-tale/characters
26.	What is a flexible workspace? URL: https://www.yarooms.com/blog/ flexible-workspace
Словари и справочные материалы
1.	BNC — British National Corpora. URL: https://www.english-corpora. org/bnc/
2.	Collins Dictionary Online. URL: https://www.collinsdictionary.com/ dictionary/english
3.	Colonel Edward ‘Tug’ Wilson. URL: https://www.omaverum.org/ family/waddeU-robin/abu-dhabi/military.html
4.	Fun Definitions. URL: https://www.gnu.org/fun/jokes/fundefinitionsl. html
188
5.	Headlam C. The Story of Chartres. London: J.M Dent & Co.. 1902.
6.	Linguisticus. New Words in the Last Fifty Years. URL: https:// linguisticus.wordpress.com/a-z-new-words-in-the-last-fifty-years/
7.	Mythical Beasts. URL: https://mythical-beasts.fandom.com/wiki/ Padfoot
8.	Neologisms in Journalistic Text. URL: https://www.bcu.ac.uk/english/ research/english-linguistics/rdues/neologisms-in-joumalistic-text
9.	ThoughtCo. How Neologisms Keep English Alive. URL: https://www. thoughtco.com/neologism-words-term-1691426
10.	Webtionnaire. URL: http://webtionnaire.fr/search.php?id=3330912
11.	Даль В.И. Толковый словарь живого великорусского языка: в 4 т. Москва: Русский язык. 1978. Т. 1.
Учебное издание
Антонова Марина Борисовна
ПРАКТИКА ПЕРЕВОДА С АНГЛИЙСКОГО ЯЗЫКА НА РУССКИЙ
Учебное пособие