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P64
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I Posa-Croce
Dal silenzio, la luce
A cura di Angela Cerinotti
ISBN 978-5-366-00308-7
(113;1-BO «HHOJIa-npecc»)
ISBN 978-5-9533-3154-8
(000 «11:J;aTeJlhCKI1H lOM "BeLlc"»)
@ 2005 by Giunti Editorc S.p.A., Fircnze-
Milano
www.gIuntl.1t
All righ ts reserved
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30
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pbIH eCTb YHI1BepCaJIbHa.H cy6cTaHL\I1JI;
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ro ,lJ.occo OCCM (OK. 1489-1542),
npOI1:Be/\eHI1JI KOToporo 60raThi xo-
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npl1Mepa MO)KHO I1pI1BeCTI1 O,lJ.HY ero
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HaIIl1cal-nlYIO OKOJIO 1530 r., BO:MO)f(HO,
nop; BJ111.HHl1eM /(UOJl020 .Me.JKrJ,V ili/fPK..1'/JU-
eM U l(ofJporJeme.lth/o JleoHa EaTTMCTbI
AJIb6epTI1. 06hI1.IHO B HeM BI1/\JIT a1l-
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31
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32
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I1JII1 p03eHKpei1epbl, KOTOpblC PYKOBOfJ,CTBO- CBeTOM, OTBepra5I rocnOCTBOBaBWHH Tora
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11 Hal160Jlee OpTO)J,OKCaJlbHble pCJII1rl103HbIe BepXYLllKa OrpO\1HOrO aHc6epra TOraIlJHerO
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oKKYJlbmJloii !pUJloco!puu (CM. c. 20-23).
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11 BOCnaJIeH I1JII1 pa30rpeT 11 B3B01l-
HOBaH, TO B036Y)Kp;aeT I1ccTynJIeHl1e,
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KOTopoe p;OCTl1rJIO paCBeTa B XVII B.
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35
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P03a 11 KpeCT
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call B 1691 L, 4'1'0 I1MeHHO TaM MOlIOOi1
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69
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(1561-1626), KOTOpbIH JIH4HO npH-
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4ai1HYIO, Bpoe Tex, KOTopbIe npHBe-
JIH K neJ[HKHM OTKPb[TH}IM, TaKHM KaK
ne4aTb, apTHJIJIepH.H HJIH KOMnac, HO
BCTpe4Y, KOTOpOH Hli\YT: eCJIH 6bI 4e-
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06HOBJIeHHe 3HaHHJI B 3TOM Ha-
npaBJIeHHH b3KOH C4HTaJI He06xolJ,H-
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npH4HHaM, H60, no ero MHeHHIO, «t.le-
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C060M qeJlb - cHcTeMaTH3HpoBaTb npo-
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Koro, pacllpOerpaHI1TeJIeM rocnocTBa
t.JeJIOBeKa HaA BCeJ[eHHOH, BeCTHI1KOM
cB060.n.bI, H36aBI1TeJIeM 0'1' He06xo)J,H-
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Pe3YJ[bTaTOM 3TI1X paccY)KteHI1H
CTaJIa B 1620 r. ny6JIHKaql1J1 fnslaura-
lio magna (BeJlUKOe Boa:maH08JleHUe HUYK).
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HaYKa laeT BJlaCTb H 3Ta BJIaCTb IOJDKHa
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CONSTITUTIONS
OF TIIB
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«:()'ITA''II'!.:O 1111
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125
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1994
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