Author: Прудникова Т.А. Егоров С.А. Акимова С.А.
Tags: миграция населения колонизация колониальный вопрос право юридические науки государство и право международные отношения и внешняя политика в целом политика
ISBN: 918-5-238-02366-3
Year: 2013
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npaBI1J1a, ycrp-ll-illlOllU1e "Iepn[ pacoBoti J\I1CKjJI1MI1HaLlI1I1 Ii treueJJel-l-
Hble Ha npI1HJle'leHe CneUl1aJJHCTOB 113 60JJee w(']pol<oro Kpyra cTpaH.
CaMoti MHoro4HCJJeHHoti rpynnoti CTaHOBHTCII (,]MMHrpaHTbI no JIHHH
BOCCOCJlHHeHHII CCMbH nOcJ1e BBl:.1IeHI1J1 B 1967 r 6aJJJ1bH0i1 CCTeMbl
o-r6opa (,]MMHrpaHTOB Ha OCHOBe JlH'IHbIX napaMeTpOB (YPODeHb 06pa30-
MHHII, npo4JeCCI10HaJ1bHblti cral)'c H B03pacT) 6b1J1a Kap!!I1HaJJbHO (']3-
MeHetre m,IMHrpaUI10HH811 nOJ1HTI1Ka KaHBJlbI E 1976 r npl1HHMaeTCH
04epeJiHoti I1MMrpaLlI10HHb!ti 81<T, Co!!ep}l(aWl1ti pl!JI HODaUHti B 'I3CT-
HOCTH, 6b1.rm onpCJleJleHbl rJlaBHble ueJJ I1MMrpBLlI1I1 - COLlI1aJ1bHall,
rYMaHItTapHall 11 3KOHOMIi'leCKaH; B),[JleJ1eHbI Tpl1 KaTeropM MMl1rpaH-
TOB (Jll1ua, B1>C3}1(IDOWHe .DJ11J BOCCOeJlI1HeHl11J Ce"lbl1, o4JI1UlffiJlbHb[e
6e)KeHU!o[ 11 111100. no CTal}'cy 6J1li3l<lie K HliM, «He3aBI1CI1Mb[e" I1MMI1-
rpBHTbI, 06J1aualOWHe onpe!!eJleHHOH KBaJJli4JI1KaLll1eH npyrl1MI1 3KO-
HOMII'IecKI1M J\OCTOI1HCTBa>.m) EncpBb[e II cTpaHc HfI'II1HacT nCHCTBO-
BaTb CliCTeMa KBOT. YCTaHaBJII1BacMas! e)KerO!!HO no COrJlacoDaHl11O C
npODI1HUHIIMI1.
1 HUKu<J>a{JQ6aE.A nP.1BOBbie IJ OprJHI13<111>tOHHbleocHOBbI.!\eHTeJ1HOCTH MlJrpallH-
oHHlxCJly",1533py15e}l(H",xCTpaH L\l1IT KIO.H M,2004.C 16.
1CM:3al<oHoJ!aTC1IbCTBol1nOJlIJTHl<aBofin.:IcTJIBHcwHCRrpYJIOBoI'iMlJrpaIlHlJrocy-
JIBpcTB_>1MnOprepOB>1HOCTpBHHol1pa60'leiicH.'''' M.2002 C 12
25
nepBblfi HM"'mrpaUHoHHblti OQ>HC npl1 lJ>eJlepMbHOM npaaItTeJ1bCT-
Be CWA 6b[J1 C031laH ewe B 1864 r., B COOTBeTCTBl111 C 3aKOHOM, noow-
pI!BWM I1MMl1rpaLlI1IO. E KOMnereHLll11O CneUI1aJ1bHOrO ynOJlHo104eH-
HOro no I1MMl1rpaUI111, HaJHal.leHHOrO npeJl1!1eHTOM, DOWJ111 BonpOCbI
nepeBOJKI1 11 nOCeJleHI1.11 "3Ml1rpaHT08». D4Jl1c 6b[J1 3aKpblT l.IeTblpe
rOJia cnYCT!I, 1<0rllB 3aKOH 0 nOOlUpeHI1 HMMrpaLlHI1 6blJ1 OTMeHeH.
B 1880 r 6b1J111 npHHllfbl HOBbIe JaKOHbl, mmpaBJleHHb!e Ha HeJ\ony-
weHe He;o:eJIaTeJ1bHb[X I1HOCTpaHueB 11 YCl1JIeHl1e 1<0HTp0J111 HM HaeM-
HbI11 pa60411MI1, OJ\HaKO nOJIHOMO'l1111 no C06J1IO!leH1O 3TI1X TPe60Ba-
HHll OCTaBaJIHCb nl1l11b Ha ypoBHe OTJ\eJ1bHbIX llJT,(fOO..
B 1888 r. KOHrpecc Y4pCJIIiJ1 KOItTeT WJII 113Y4eHI111 np06JJeM,
CIJI!3aHHbiX C pa3JIeJJeHl1eM BJlacTCti no BonpocaM I1MMl1rpaUI1H, H pe-
1<0MeHnOBaJI C03lWTb DJlJI 3TOn LleJJI1 eJ\I1Hoe l]Je!lepaJ1bHOe areHTCTDO.
3aKoH 06 I1M"'mrpaLlI1I1 (1891 r.) YCTaHOBI1J1 HM Hen nOJJHbln 11 6eJ-
pa31leJ1bHb!ll 4JeJlepa.n.bHblti 1<0HTp0J1b. 6b1JJa Y4peJ£U\eHa J\OJJ;O:HOCTb
cynepl1HTCHJlaHTa no l1"Il1rpaUHI1, 1<0TOpblti nOJlI.lI1HIIJ1CII CCKpeTaplO
l<a3Ha'ieticTDa
Ece 06>1JaHHOCTI1, paHee Bb[nOJ1HJlBWl1eCI! Ha ypOBHe lliTaTOB, ne-
peLlLllI1 8 Be.n.eHl1e I1HCneKTOp08 I1MMI1rpaUI10HHOrO 6wpo. nOMI1MO
CBoefO oQ>i1ca B BaWI1HrTOHe 61Opo 0n<pblJ10 24 I1HcneKLU10HHbiX nYHI<-
Ta DJlII TaMO}l(eHHoro 1<0HTP0J111 B.!IO::Jb rpaHLlbl B OCHOBHblX MOPCKI1X
nopTax C;iy;o:6a MopcKoro rOCnltHIJlII Ha'laJ1a npoBOJlI1Tb Me!ll1LlI1HCKOe
06CJleJ\oDaHHe npl16b[DalOWI1X I1MMl1rpaHTOB. E 1903 r. I1MMl1rpaLlI10H-
Hoe 61Opo nepewJJo B Be!lOMCTBO DenapTaMeHTa KOMMepUl111 11 Tpyna 11
nOJlY411JJO Hel<OTOpble HOBbie .pyHKLlI1I1. nOCJJe TOro, Kal< KOHrpecc
npl1HJIJI 3al<OH 0 HaTYpMH3aUI111 (1906r), 6b1JJO 06pa30DaHO 61Opo
I1M1>1I1rpaLl1111 11 Hal)'paJIl13aLlI1I1, Kuropoe 06ecnC'.!I1BaJJO C06JJIOlleHite
I1MMl1rpau110HHb[)( 3aKOHOB CWA, JaHI1MarIOCb BonpocaM HaTYpa..I1-
3aUl111 11 De::JO apXI1D no HaTYpMI13aUI1I1.
06e CTpyKTYpbl, 06bC1lIUleHHble B CJ1y)K6y I1MMI1rpaW1l1 H HaTypaJJl1-
JaLlI1I1 (C(-Jl--J). cywecTBODMI1 B TC'leHl1e CeMI1 neT. B 1913 r., Korlla De-
n3pn1MeHT 1<0McpLlI1I1 11 TPyna 6w! pa3!1CJ1eH Ha J\Ba llenaPTaMeHTa,
ClJyAWa trnTYpaJJl1JaLll111 BbllleJJItJ1acb B CaMOCTO!lTCJJbHoe 6lOpo. B 1933 r
06a BeJ\OMCTB{ 6b1J111 BHOBb 061.elll1HeHbl B CI1H npl1 LJ,enapraMeHTe
TpYlla, a B I1IOHe 1940 r. B LleJ1I1X 06ecne4eHI1J1 60JJee 3Q><PeKTHBHOrO
1<0HTp0J111 Ja HHOCTpaHuaM, CI1H 6blJ1a nepClIaHa DenapraMeHTY IOC-
TI1UI1H B Ka'leCTBe areHTCTBa, OTBe'ffifOwerO Ja KOHTpOJ1b H3JI BblnOJ1He-
Hl1eM 3al<OHOD no nonycl<Y I1HOCTpaHLleD B CWA 11 npe!lOCTaBJ1eHl1e
JlbrOT MMl1rpaHTaM. CI1H TaK;Ke KOOP!ll1Hl1pOBaJIa pa60Ty DOH, roc-
J\enapra!l1eHTa, .DeOOpTaMeHTa :urpaBOoxpaHeHI1I1 11 COUl13J1bHbiX CJ1yJK6
no BonpocaM, CBH3aHHblM C npI1eMOM 11 nepeCeJ1eHl1eM 6e)l(eHLleB. B03-
26
rJliUl.'j}UJ CI1H CneLlHaJ'IbHblM yn0J1HOM04eHHblii, nOJlOT4eTHbiti reHe-
paJIbHOMY np0I<Ypopy.
E CBI!311 C COOblTlfJlMI1 11 ceHTII6pl! 2001 r 3al<OHOM 0 BHyrpeHHeH
6C30nacHocTI1 (2002 r) 6bJJI pe<t>opMl1pOB3H BeCb rOCYLlapcTBeHHbiti
annapaT CWA, B TOM 'lI1CJJe CHCTeMa OpraHOB I1M"'mrpaLlHOHHOrO I<OH-
TpOJ1I1. 3al<OH 0 BHyrpeHHeii 6e30nacHocTI1 npe!!YCMOTpeJ1 peOpraHl13a-
UI1IO CI1H C03!13HO )'II1HCTpCTBO BHyrpcliHeH 6e30naCHOCTI1, B
4JyHI<LlIi KQTOporO cero.ram exOMT. aHaJ'I3 I1H.pOp)'I3Ll('J H oxpaH<!
06beKTOB I1H.ppaCTpyKTYPbI, npOTIiBOJ\eJ:1cTBl1e aKTaM XI1Ml1"1eCKoro,
6110JJOrl14CCl<OrO 11 JIlIepHOrO TeppOpl13Ma; 05eCne'[eHHe OXpaHb[ rpaHI1Ll
H 6eJonacHocTH HB 06bel<Tax Tp3HCnopTa, LleticTB1111 B YCJJOBHIIX 4PC3-
BbI"IatiHblXCI1TyaLlHti.
B KaHane I1MMI1rpaLll10HHal! nOJII1TI1Ka He Dcerna onpeneJJ.l!JJacb 01-
J\C;IbHbI).1 npaBI1TeJ1bCTDCHHb[M BenOMCTBOM, "Iallie OHa C04eTaJlacb C
lIPYn1MH nOJ1I1TI1"1eCKIiMI1 I1HCTIO)"T3M CTpaHbl. B 1867-1880 rr BO-
npoca,.m I1MMl1rpaUl111 3aHI1MaJ10Cb MI1HI1CTepCTBO CeJlbCKOrO X03Hiic1-
Ba, '1TO OTpa>KaJlO HanpaBJJeHHOCTb 11).IMl1rpaUI10HHOH nOJII1TI1KI1 Ha
npl111J1e4eHite <bcpMeJJOB .llJJ1I OCBOCH('JII HOBbJX Ce.JJbCKOX03I1ticTBeHHbIX
3eMeJ1b
.Do 1919 r HMMI1rpaLll10HHOii c4>epoti BenaJJO MI1HI1CTepCTDO DHyr-
peHH('JX JleJJ 3TO 06l>l!cHJlJ10Cb He05xOJll1MOCTbIO YJKeCT04eHI111 MHrpa-
Lll10HHOti nOJ1HTI1I<H nJJHHIITl1eM B 1906 r. neJJBoro I1MMHrpaLl('JOH-
HOro JaI<OHa. B 1919-1939 rr. BonpOCbI Ml1rpaUl111 Haxonl1JII1Cb B
1<0MneTeHUl111 MI1HI1CTepCTDa I1MMl1rpaLlI1H 11 K0J10HI13aLlI1I1, a B 1939-
1949 rr - MI1HI1CTeJJcrBa npOMbIW'leHH(lCTI1 H JJeCYJJCOB. nOCJJeJiHee
6blJIO CBH3aHO c npHOpHTeTHOCTblO pa3BHTHJI npOMblUlJleHHOCTli, B
TOM 411CJJe ropHoll06b1BalOllieii, DO DpeMJI BTOpoti Ml1pOBOti BoiiHbI.
E 1950 r 6blJIO COJ!laHO MI1HHCTepCTBO rpaJKnaHCTBa H I1MMl1rpaUI111, B
1966 r. npe06JJa30BaHHOc B MI1HCTeJJCTBO JlIOJlCI<('JX JJCCypCOB 11 "IMH-
rpaUlil1, a B 1976 r. - B MI1HI1CTepCTBo 3aHJlTOCTI111 I1MMl1rpaLlI1I1. 06b-
e.llliHeHl1e BonpocoB MHrpaLl1111 3aHHTOCllI Ol'JIIDKaeT npl1opl1TeTHOCTb
TpyJlOBOH Ml1rpaUI1H llJIJlI1HTCpCCOB CTpaHb[ B 1994 r m,IMrpaUIiOHHIDI
CJJY}I(6a KaHflJlbl BepHYJlacb I< npe}l(HeMY H!I3B3HHIO - MHHItCTpcTHO
rpIDK.1laHCTBa I1I1MMl1rpaLll111
IlpliTOK I1li0CTpaHLleB B IJ>pr 11 WBeWJIO CBlI3aH C OI<Oli'laHI1M
BTOpoii MHpOBOti HOtiHbl. B (fJPf poCT HMMl1rpaLlHOHHblX nOTOI<OB 6bUJ
06ycJJoBJleH He06xonl1MOCTbIO BOCCTaHOBJ1eHJI 3KOHOMI1KI1 CTpaHbI, B
WBeLll111 - 6YPHblM paJDI1Tl1e).1 3KOHOMI1KI1
Eo BpeMII ETopoH Ml1pODOH flOHHbl OCHOBHYIO rpynny HMMl1rpaHTOB
B WBeLll110 COCTaBJIIIJ1H 6eJKCHLlbi ('J3 lI.aHHI1, (fJ('JHJ1I1HJ\HH, HopBerli11 H
CTpaH l)aJJTI1H B 1945 r. npI16JJ3HTe'lbHOe HX 1<0.H"IeCTBO oueHI1Ba-
J10Cb B 200 TbJC. 4eJlOBel<. no OKOH"IaHl111 80iiHb[ I1HocTpaHLlbI CTaJlI1
27
npHBJleKafbCII B CTpaH)' B paMKax MeJ£U\YHapOJlHblX COrllBWeHI1M wm
nOlq)bITHH .ne4JHLlHTa T)JynoBblx pecypcOB. B IJ>pr nepBoe cornaweHHe 0
pel<pyrMpoBaHlU1 pa604('jX 6bl1l0 JaKJIIO"leHO I! 1955 r. C I1TaJJl1ei1. JaTe),t
nOCJleJ\ODaJla UeJlBH cepHII corllaweHl1n co cTpaHaMI1 cpeIlM3eMHoMop-
CKoro 6accenHa: I1cnaHHen (1960 r.), rpeUl1eft (1960 r.), TYPUl1en
(1961 r), MapoKKo (1963 r), 1l0plyraJll1di (1964 r). TYHI1COM (1965 r)
11 1Or0000BBJ1eH (1968 r) E I1Tor<: "l11c..1eHHOCTb I1HOCTpaHLleB EI CTpaHe
cyweCTBeHHO D03pOCJIa
B 1954 r. Cl<aHJ\I1HBBCI<HMI1 CTpBHBMI1 6),[110 nOJlnCaHO COrJlB-
llleHHe 0 CO:maHH 06wero pblHl<a Tpy.na, "lTO npUBJ1eK1JO B WB<:UHIO
TPYJ\OBblX Ml1rpaHTOI! H3 LlaHI1I1. (fJI1H1IJlHJ\I1I1, HOpBerI1H. HapJlllY C
3TI1M B'beJ}I(aJ111 TpynoDble Ml1rpaHTbI 113 CTpaH EaJ1TI1 11 EBponb].
B nOCJ1ellYlOLUl1e rO!!b[ Hau60JJbwee "lI1CJJO pa60"lHx DbC3;KaJ10 113
IOrocJJaBI1H, rpeLll111 11 TYPLlI1I1. E nepBoe BpeMII npl1BJ1e4eHI1e I1HO-
CTpaHHb[X pa60'll1x paCCMaTp11BaJ10Cb npaBI1TeJ1bCTDOM Kal< BpeMeH-
Hal! Mepa, HO BnOCJJI:.1ICTD11 CTaJ10 IICHO, 'lTO He06xOJll1Ma B3BCllleH-
Hal! roCYJ\BpCTBeHHall nOJlI1TI1Ka B 06J1acTI1 perYJI('jpOBaHHII pblHl<a
TpyJ\a HocTpaHueBI.
B (fJpr CI1CT<:Ma Bep6oBKI1 racrap61.iiTepoB 6b[J1a OCHOBaHa Ha Bp<:-
MeHHOM (poTaLlI10HHoM) npl1HLll1ne, KOTopa.ll npellycMaTpl1BaJJa 3a),te-
llIeHl1e OJ\HI1X pa60'llix .npyrI1M. (1HocrpaHHble pa60'lI1e nOJJY'IaJ111 pa3-
peWeHl1e Ha pa60T)' B repMaHl111 Ha onpe!!eJ1eHHb[H nepl101l BpeMeHI1 B
onpe!!eJ1eHHOH OTpacJll1 np0l13BOJlCTBa 11J111 y OJiHoro pa6urornrreQII, a
no OKOH4aHI111 cpoKa I<OHTpaKTa JlOJJ>KHbl 6b[J111 oepH}'TbCH JlOMOti. Eoc-
CoeJlHHeHHe ceMeti He npl1BCTCTBOBaJlOCb, a Tal<He nporpaM),tb! I1HTC-
rpaLll111 ('jHocrpaHueB, l<aK 113Y4eHite HeMeLll<oro 113blKa H peweHHe HX
>KKJJ('jIllHbIX npo6J1eM. Bo06we OTCYTCTBOBaJ] OJ\HaI<O pa60rOJlirreJ111
6b11111 3BI1HTepeCOBaHbI B npOllJleHl111 KOHTpaKTOB C Db[COKOKBaJJl1$I1UI1-
pODaHHblMH I1HOCTpaHHb[M pa60411MI1, IIBJlJlIOWI1MHCII OTHOCI1TeJJbHO
J\eweDOH pa604eH CI1110H, He Tpe6YlOLUeH JlOnOJ1HI1TeJ1bHb[X COLlI1aJ1bHb[X
3aTpaT, B CI1J1Y 'lero nporpa),tMb[ racTap6aHrcpoB B (fJpr 6b1JII1 npl13Ha-
Hb[ HeYlID'lHb[MI1. Tal< Kal< lIm.tlb T)JeTb I1HocrpaHHblx pa60411X B 1960-e rr.
J\06poB0J1bHO BepHYlI!lCb .lIOMOjj2. B Ha4!L'Ie 1970-x rr. B pe3YJlbTaTe
CH('j)KCHI1J1 TeMnOB 31<0HOMI1'leCl<oro pOCTa nporpID.IMb! pa604eti "IMH-
rpaUl111 113 TpeTbIt\. CTpaH 6b11111 JB),topo;KeHb! npaBI1TeJ1bCTBOM, a npl1-
HJ[T),[e BnOCJlellCTBI1H JaKOHbI, orpaHH'lI1BaWlUl1e I1CnOJJb30l!flHI1e T)Jyna
I1HOCrpBHHb]X pa60411X, COKpan1J1I1 .nomo nOCJIeJ\HI1X B 06LUeM 06'bCMe
TpynoBoH 3aHJlTOCTI:I HaceJIeHI1J1.
] Hm.IlIJ>opo86E.A YKa3.pa6.C 21.
1CM:3aI<OHOlIaTC1IbCTB0l1nOJJHTHl<aBo6naCTH BHeWHCRTPYlIOBoI'iMHrpaIlHHrocy-
.l!3pCTB"MnOpTepOI!"HOC"Ip"HHOHpa60eiic"lIhl M .2002 C22
28
B WBeUHI1 B 1967 r. 6bLIIH BBe.neHbl HOBbie HM!l.mrpaLlHOHHble
npaBl1na, COrJlacHo KOTOpblM IIC HHOCTpaHHb[e rpaJKJlaHe (3a I1C-
KJlI04eHI1eM rpa;t(1!flH CKaHllHHaBCKI1X CTpaH), nO>KeJJaBWl1e B"bexaTb B
CTpaH}' WIll Tp}'nO}'CTpOnCTBa, 6blJ111 061!3aHbI n0J1}'4I1Tb npeJ\Bapl1-
TeJ1bHOe pa3peweHl1e Ha >KI1TeJ1bCTBO 11 pa60TY. BnOCJleJ\CTBHI1 WBe-
LlI1I1 CTaJJa npOBOJ\Tb nOJ1HTI1I<}' CTpOrl1X OrpaHWJeHl1ti B OTHoweHIiH
Tp}'J\OBbIX MHrpaHTOB H OTI<33aJJacb OT HCn0J1b30BaHHJI BpeMeHHblX
pa60'll1x. 1-10, HCCMOTpJl Ha 3TI1 orpaH'leHHII, 411CJleHHOCTb I1HO-
CTpaHLleB nponOJlJKalla paCTI1 Ja C4eT I1MMl1rpaLl1111 no neraJ1bHblM
(80ccoellHHeHHe ceMeM H 6eJKeHLlbl) H HeJleranbHblM KaHaJ1aM, a Tal<-
>Ke 3a C4eT lleMorpa4m'lecl<Oro <!>aKTopa.
C CepCW1HbI 1960-x IT. HB'IaJ10Cb al<TI1BHOC ocyweCTB.J\eHlie pe4J0pM
B 06J1aCTI1 MHrpaLll10HHOn nOJJI1TI1KI1. peaJIl13aLlI1J1 nporpID-IM no H3)"le-
HI1IO WBe1\CKOrO JlJblKa (1965 r.) 11 COUI1aJ1bHOn ananTaUl111 I1MMl1rpaH-
TOB (1966 r.), Y4peJKJIeHI1e nC'laTHoro opraHa Mil HMMlirpaHTOB D.p.
B 1975 r 6bIJJ npl1HIIT 3al<OH, onpe!!eJlJlIOIJ.!Hti HOBbie npHopliTeTbl B
06J1acTI1 Ml1rpaUl111 11 OCHOBOTlOJIaralOWl1e npliHUl1nb! - paBHCTBO
npall, cB06011a Db[60pa 11 COTpYllHI1'1eCTBO OJ\HOti 113 OCHOBHblX UeJ1eH
I1MMI1rpaLll10HHOn nOJJI1THKI1 npOBOJrmUlJeHa I1HTerpaUI1J1 I1MMl1rpaH-
TOB B WBe1\CKoe 0611[eCTBO
B IJ>pr I< 1988 r. '1ItCJJO HOC1]JaHHbIX rpaJKJIaH COCTaBJiIlJ10 4,5 MJ1H
'Ie..OBCK. I1nl1 7,3% Bceti 'II1CJlCHHOCTI1 KopeHHoro HaceJJeHl111 B I1X
COCTBae 3Ha'lI1TeJlbHoti 6b1na JlOJJJI Tex, KTO POlll1JJCII B repMaHl1l1, OJ\-
HaKO, C IOpl11ll1'1eCKOn T041<11 3peHI111, OCTaBaJIC.II I1HOCTpaHLleM 310M}'
cnoc06cmoBaJJ H 3aKoH 06 HHOCTpBHuaX, BCTynHBwI1ti B CItJJ}' B IIH-
Bape 1991 r., npOBOJrJlawaBWl1ti OJiHOti H3 UCJ1eti I1HTcrpaUl11O HO-
crpaHLlCB, neraJ1bHO np0)f{I1BaIOIlJI1X B (fJpr OllHaKo BO Bcex O<!>I1UI1-
aJ1bHb!X nOKy,.leHTax nOJ\'IepI<I1BaJ10Cb, 4TO (fJpr He IIBJilleTCJI CTpaHOH
I1MMl1rpaLlI1H.
B JaKOHe 06 IUlocrpaHuax 1991 r. I1HOCTpaHHblM pa60411M 6b[J10
npCJlOCTalJ,JleHO npaRO nOJl}"JeHHII BI1ll3 HII nOCTOIIHHoe >KTe.J\bCTRO npl1
YCJlODI1I1 npOJKI1DaHI1J1 11 pa60Tbi B CTpaHe B Te'leHl1e nJlTI1 nero 3HaHI1J1
HeMeLlI<OrO 113b1Ka, HaJ11141I HOpMaJ1bHblX >KI1JJHIUHb[X }'CJlODI1H 11 OTCyr-
CTBI1.11 KPI1MHaJ1bHOrO npOWJ1oro. CJ1ellYeT OTMeTI1Tb, '1TO MrpaLlI10H-
HbJe npOl.!eCCbl Me>K.I\Y (fJpr 11 OCTaJJbHblMH 'IJ1eHaMI1 EBponeHcl<oro
COlO3a pa3BI1BaJlI1Cb no onTI1MI1CTlt4eCKOMY CueHapl1lO' CerOllHJI I1MeeT-
CI! J\orOBopeHHOCTb 0 CB06011HOM nepeMellleHI1H pa60411X C EieJJbrl1eH,
IJ>paHLll1eH, HTa.rll1en, I-1l1Jlepmuw.aMH, JlIOKCe,.16yproM, BeJlI1K05pI1Ta-
Hl1en, I1p.11aH1ll1en, LlaHl1en, rpeUl1eti, nopT}'raJJl1en, I1cnaHHeil, ABCT-
pHeM, WBelJ.l1eti11 (fJI1HJ1I1HJ\Heti.
29
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52
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2. Bee06wal! neKJIapaUl111 npaD 'IeJlOBeKa OT 10 neKa6p.ll 1945 r. II
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T 2 I COCT. IO.M KO.OCOB 11 3.C. KpI1B<[I1KOBa. M.: MHHMIl,
1997.
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nOK)'MeHTaX I COCT. H.T I)JJaTOBa. M.. IOpl11l.1II1T., 1982.
6. KOHBeHUI111 0 JlI1I<DI1J1aLlI1I1 Deex 4JOPM 1II1CKPI1MI1HaUI111 B OTHOlUe-
HI1I1 >KeHWI1H OT IR nCKa6p.ll 1979 r. II Me.:KIJ.YHapOJIHOe npaBO B
nOKYMeHTax I COCT. H.T. I)JJaTOBa M.: 1Op11Jl. nl1T., 1982
7. MeJIUIYHapoliHaJI KOHBCHUI1I1 "POTI1B nblTOK 11 npyrl1x >KCCTOKI1X,
6ee'le11ooe'lHblX 1111 )'HI1}1(aIOIl\HX nOCTOI1HCTBO 8111l0B 06paweHH1 11
HaKa3aHI1n OT 10 nel<a6pl! 1984 r. II C60pHI11< MeJK1lYHapO!!Hb[X
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MOM. 1994.
8. BeHCl<all 1<0HBeHLll111 0 npaoe ,-,eJK1lYH3poJlHbIX J\orOBopOB OT 23 Man
1969 r. II lletiCTB)'IOWee Me>KllYHapoilHoe npallo. B 3 T. T. II CoeT.
10 M KOJIOCOB 11 :3.C. Kpl1lNl1KODa M' MHHMIl. 1996
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wee Me.:KlJ.)'HapOliHoe npaBO. B 3 T. T 1 I COCT 10 M KOJIOCOB 11
3.C KpI1IJ'IHI<OBa. M.' MHHMn, 1996
10. npOTOKO;I, KacalOWI1Rc.II CTaT}'Ca 6e)KeHueD, OT 31 IIHBap.ll 1967 r. I
COCT.IO M K0J10COB H 3C. KpI1B'IKOBa. M.' MHI-1Mn, 1996
II. MeJK1lYHapOllHa.ll KOHBeHUl111 0 3all\I1Te npaB a.-ex TPYIDIWI1XCI!-
Ml1rpa.HTOD 11 4JJeHOB I1X ceMe}i OT IR Jlel<a6pll 1990 r II C60pHI11<
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Ml1rpaUI1I1. M.: MeJK1l)'HapO!!Han OpraHI1J.aUI111 no Ml1rpaUl1l1, 1994
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I1CI<OpeHeHl11O Hal1XYAw11x 4JOP'-1 neTCKoro Tpyna OT 17 I1IOHn
116
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MeHTOB, perYJlHpylOll.[HX BonpOCbl MHrpaWJH. M.. Me))(J],)'HapoJlHiJn
OpraH113alll1Jl no Ml1rpaLll1l1, 1994.
14. KOHBeHW'In MOT N 163 0 COUItMbHO-6bITOBO!\.t 06cJ\Y}I(HBaHHI1
MOpl!KOD D nopTY 11 Ha Mope OT 8 oKTn6pn 1987 r II C60pHI1K Me-
JIUIYHapOllHblX npaOOBblX J\OI<YMeHTOR, peryJIl1pYIOWI1X RonpOCb[ MI1-
rpaLlI1I1. M.: Me)l(J]yHiJpOllHiJlI OpraHl13aLll1J1 no Ml1rpaUl1l1, 1994.
IS. KOHBeHUl111 MOT NQ 16206 oxpaHe Tpyn.a 11 I1CnOJ1bJOBaHI1I1 ac5e-
CTa OT 24 HIOHII 1886 r. /I C60pHK Me))(1lyHapollHblX npaBOHbJX 1l0-
KYMeHToD. perYJll1pylOlU11X BOnpOCbI Ml1rpaUl111 M. Me)K!f)'HapOll-
HB.II opraH('j3aLlIt.ll no MrpaLlI1I1, 1994.
16. KOHBeHUI1.11 MOT NQ 160 0 CTaTItCTI1Ke TPyna OT 25 I1IOHII 1985 r.//
C60pHI11< MeJIUIYHapOJIHblX npaBOBbIX J\O""Y'IeHTOB, peryJI('jpylOll.[HX
BOnpOCb! Ml1rpaLlI1I1. M.: Me)!;Jl)'Hapo!!Ha.ll opraHl13iJUI1.11 no Ml1rpa-
Lll111,1994
17. KOHBeHLlHH MOT Ni> 159 0 npO<PeCCI10H3JJbHOH pea6('jJJ('jT<JlUil1 H
3aH.IITOCTI1 l1HBMI11l0B OT 20 I1IOHII 1983 r. II C60pHI1K Me)l(J()'Ha-
pOJlHbIX npaBODbIX .u:OKYMeHTOB. peryJlHpylOlUHX BonpOCbl Mrpa-
LlI1I1. M.. Me>K!l..VHapOllHa.ll OpraHl13aUI1.11 no Ml1rpaUl1l1, 1994.
18. KOHBeHUl111 MOT NQ 1560 paaHOM 06paweHH 11 paBHb[)( a03MO»;-
HOCTIIX WJII TpyJUlWHXCII MY}I('IHH H }KHWItH OT 23 mOHII 1981 r. /I
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BOnpOCb! MrpaLlI1I1. M.. Me)l(..!\YHapO!!HaIl opraHH3aW1n no Mrpa-
Lll111,1994
19. KOHaeHUl111 MOT NQ 155 0 6e30naCHOCTit 11 rltrl1eHe Tpy!la OT
22 I1IOHII 1981 r./1 C6opHI11< Me)l(J]yHapOllHb[X npaBOBb!X nOKYMeH-
TOB, pcrynl1pylOlllltX BOnpOCb[ Ml1rpaUl111 M MC;KJIYHapOllH:JJI op-
raHH.lal[H1 no Ml1rpaLlI1H, 1994.
20. KOHBeHUI111 MOT NQ 1520 TeXHI1Ke 6e:!OnacHocTIt 11 rl1rl1eHe TPy.u:a
Ha nopTOBbJX pa60TaX OT 25 I1IOHn 1979 r. /I C6opH('jK Me)l(J]yHa-
pOllHblX npaBOBbiX .u:OKYMeHTOB, perYJll1pylOlUl1X DOnpOCb[ Ml1rpa-
LlHH M. MeJKJI)'lIapO!!HaIl opraHI13aUI1I1 no MI1rp3Ul1H, 1994.
21. KOHBeHLlI1Jl MOT NQ 1500 perynl1pOB3HI111 DonpocoB Tpy.u:a 11 }KI1J-
HI1 CeCTpl1HCKOrO nepCOHaJ1a OT 21 I1IOHII 1917 r II C60pHI11< Me)K-
.r:LYHapOJIHbIX npaBoHblx .u:OKYMeHTOB, perYJIHpylOll.[HX BOnpOCbI MH-
rpalll1l1. M : Me)l(J]yHapOLIHal! OpraHl13aLlI111 no Ml1rpaLll1l1, 1994.
22. KOHBeHLl1I MOT NQ 148 0 3aWl1Te TpyWllUl1XCII OT []p04Jecc0-
HaJ1bHOrO pl1CKiJ, Db[JblBaeMoro Jarpl!3HeHI1JIMl1 B01l1Y'fl, WYMOM 11
BI16paUl1dj Ha pa6O'1('jx MeCT3X, OT 20 I1IOHSI 1976 r II C60pHI11<
117
IIIc:JIU{yHapOaHblX npaBOBblX J\OI<YMeHTOB. peryJ1HpylOllIltX BOnpOCbl
Ml1rpaUI1I1. M.: Me)KJlyHapO!!Ha.ll OpraHI13aUI111 no Ml1rpaUl1l1, 1994.
23. KOHBeHUl111 MOT N 142 0 np04JeCCl10HaJ1bHoti opl1eHTaU(l11 11
npo4>eccI10HaJ1bHOR nOJ\rOTOBl<e D 06J\2cTI1 paJBI1TI1.11 mOllCl<l1X pe-
CypC050T 23 I1IOHII 1975 r.// C60pHI11< MeJIUIYHapOJlHbIX npaRORblX
J\OKYMeHTOB, perYlIl1pylOll.[I1X BonpOCbI M(lrpaUHI1. M.. Me)({JIYHa-
pOllHB.II OpraHl13aLlI1.11 no Ml1rpaUl1l1, 1994.
24. KOHBCHLlI1I1 MOT.N> 1380 M(lHHM3JlbHOM B03pacTe WIll npeMEI HZ
pa60ry OT 20 I1IOHII 1973 r // C60pHI1K Me)KJlyHapOllHb!X npaDOB],[X
!!O"-yMeHTOB, perylIl1pylOWJ1X DOnpOCb! Ml1rpaUI1I1. M' MC)({JIYHa-
pOllHaJl OpraHl13aLlI1.11 no Ml1rpaUl1l1, 1994.
25. KOHDeHul1J1 MOT N 137 0 COLll1aJJbHb[)( nOCJJe!!CTDI1J1X HOBblX Me-
TOliOB 06pa60TKII rpy.lOB B nopmx OT 25 I1IOHII 1973 r. /I C60pHHK
ue>KllYHapOllHb[X npaBODb[X J\oKYMeHToB, peryJll1pYlOllIl1X DOnpOCb[
II.lI1rpaUHI1. M.: Me)l(..!\YHapO!!Hall opraHH3aWJII no Ml1rpaUHH, 1994
26. KOHDeHUI1.11 MOT N 134 0 npellynpe)l(..!\eHl111 np0I13DOJ\CTBeHHb[)(
HeC4BCTHbiX CJJY4BeB cpeal1 MOpJlI<OB OT ]0 OKm6pll 1910 r //
C60pHI1K Me)l(J1yHapOllHb[X npaBOBb!X lIOl<y).!el-lTOD, perYlIl1pYIOll.[I1X
BOnpOCb! MrpaUI1I1 M' Me)l(..!\YHapO!!HaIl OpraHl13aUI1J1 no Ml1rpa-
LlI1H,1994.
27. KOHBeHUI111 MOT N 133 0 nOMell.[eHI1JIX WIll 31<I1naJKa Ha 6opT)'
CYllOB (J\OnOJ1HHTe.:JbHble nOJJO}l(eHI1I1) OT 30 OKTII6p>l 1910 r. /I
C60pHI1K Me)l(J1yHapOllHb[X npaBOBb!X lIOl<y).!eHToB, perYlIl1pYIOll.[I1X
BonpOCb! MrpaUI1I1 M.' MeJIUIYHapO!!HaIl opraHI13aUHII no Ml1rpa-
LlHH,1994.
28. KOHBeHW111 MOT .N> 126 0 nOMeweHI1\}\ WIll ;:tKl1rnuKa Ha 6opT)'
pb160J10BHb1X CYJ\OB or 21 HIOHII 1966 r /I C60pHI11< Me)({JIYHapOJl-
Hb!X npaBODb[X J\OKYMeHTOB, perylIl1pylOWI1X BOnpOCb[ Ml1rpaUl1l1
M' Me)l(J1yHapO!!Hall OpraHl13aW111 no J.ll1rpaW1I1, 1994.
29. KOHBeHWJ.II MOT .N> 123 0 MI1HI1).!aJ1bHOM BOJpaCTe 1I0nycKa Ha
nOmeMHb[e pa60TbI B W3'ffiIX pynHI1KaX OT 23 I1IOHII 1965 r //
C60pHHI< Me)l(J1yHZpO!lHbIX npaBOBbIX 1I0"Y'leHTOB, perYlIl1pylOll.[HX
BOnpOCb! Ml1rpaLlI1I1. M.: Me)KJlyHapOllHaJl opraHl13aUI1J1 no Ml1rpa-
LlHH,I994
30. KOHBeHUl111 MOT Ne 122 0 nOJ1I1TI1Ke B 06JJacTI1 3aHIITOCTI1 OT
9 HIOJ111 1964 r 1/ C60pHK MeJIUIYHapOJlHblX npaBOBblX J\OI<YMeH-
TOB, perYlIl1pYIOll.[I1X DOnpOCb[ Ml1rpaUI1I1. M. Me)KJlyHapOllHa>l op-
raH113aLlI111 nO)'lI1rpaLlI1I1, 1994
31. KOHBeHLllt>l MOT N2 1200 fI1f11eHe 1pyll2 B ToproBJ1e H Y4pe)l(..!\e-
HI1JIX OT 8 I1JOJ111 1964 r. // C60pHI11< Me)l(J1yHapOllHb[X npaDODb[X
J!OKYMeHTOB, perYlIl1pYIOll.[HX BOnpOCb! M(lrpaLlI1I1. M.. MeJKJJ.YHa-
pOllH2>1 opraHl13aLlI1.11 no Ml1rpaUl1l1, 1994.
32. KOHBeHUl111 MOT N 119 0 cHa6:f1;eHI111 MaWHH 3aWitTHbIMI1 npl1-
cnoc06J\eHI1I1MI1 OT 25 I1IOHII 1963 r. // C60pl-ll1K Me)l(JlyHapOllHb[)(
118
npaBOBbIX .Il0KYMCHTOB, peryJll1pylOll.[HX HonpOCbI MHrpaLl11 M
Me;t(ll)'HapOIlHal! OpraHl13aUI111 no ).iI1rpaUI1I1, 1994
33. KOHBeHUl111 MOT Ne 115 0 3all.[lTe TPY.llIIll.[ItXCII OT HOHI13HpylOweti
pa1ll1aLll111 OT 22 I11OH.II 1960 r. /1 C60pHI1K Me;t(ll)'HapO.llHblX npaDO-
RblX .Il0K}'NCHTOR, peryJUlpylOll.[I1X RonpOCbI Ml1rpaWJI1 M' MeJIUIY-
HapOaHa!l OpraH113U.[I1II no },tI1rpflUl1H, 1994
34. KOHBeHUl1n MOT N!! 113 0 Me!!I1WIHCI<OM OCMOTpe pbl6aKoB OT
19 HIOHII 1959 r. /I C60pHHK Me)l(Jl,)'HElpOJIHblX npaBOBblX .Il0I<YMeH-
TOB, perynl1pylOlUHx DOnpOCb[ Ml1rpaUl111 M Me;t(ll)'HapOliHaH op-
raH113aUI1S1 no ).tI1rpaUHI1, 1994
35. KOHBeHuml MOT N!! 1120 Ml1I-1I1MaJ1bHOM BOJpaCTe DJ11 npI1HIITI1.11
Ha pa60ry pbl6al<OB OT 19 I1IOHII 1959 r.i/ C6opHl1K MCJK1IYHapOll-
HblX npaHOBblX D.OKYMeHTOB, perynl1pylOWHX BonpOCbl MHrpaLlHI1.
M: MC)I(J\,.VHapO!!HaII OpraHl13aUI111 no Ml1rpaUl1l1, 1994
36. KOHBeHUI1I1 MOT Ne III OTHOCItTeJJbHO .IlHCKpl1MI1HaUHH B 06JJacTH
Tpyn.a 11 3HaHI1R OT 25 I1IOHII 1958 r. /1 C6opHI1K Me;t(ll)'HapOIlHb[)(
npaBOBblX .Il0KYMCHTOB, pery.'1I1(JyIOll.[I1X BonpocbI MHrpaLl11 M
Me;t(ll)'HapO.llHaII OpraHI1JaLlI111 no ).tI1rpaUI1I1, 1994
37. KOHBeHUI111 MOT N!! 106 0 e>KeHClIC;IbHO},1 OTllb[Xe B TOprOBJIe 11
Y4peJlUleHIIX OT 26 HIOHII 1957 r. /I C60pHI11< Me)l(Jl,)'HapOaHblx
npaBOBb!X JloK)'MeI-iTOB, perynl1pylOlUl1X BOnpOCb! Ml1rpaUHI1 M.:
Me;t(ll)'ffiipOJIH311 OpraHI13aUHII nO ).tI1rpaUHI1, 1994.
38. KOl-ifleHUH.II MOT N!! 105 06 ynpa.!llHeHI1I1 npl1HyllHTeJlbHoro Tpyna
OT 25 I1IOHII 1957 r /1 C60pHI11< MCJIUIYHapOJlHbJX npaBOflblx .uol<y-
MeHTOB, perYJlHpylOll.[HX Bonpocbl MHrpaUHH. M.. Me)l(Jl,)'HapoJlH3n
opraH3aUI1S1 no Ml1rpaUl1l1, 1994
39. KOHBeHLlHII MOT Ne 95 OTHOCHTJ1bHO 3allll1Tbi 3apa50THoii nJ1anl
OT Il1lOJJn 1949 r 1/ C6opHI11< Me)l(Jl,)'HapOllHb[X npaflOBb[X nOKYMeH-
TOB, perynl1pylOllIHX BOnpOCb[ Ml1rpaUl111 M. Me)l(Jl,)'HapOJlH35I op-
raHI131LlIUI no Ml1rpaUl1l1, 1994.
40. KOHBCHUI111 MOT Ne 81 06 I1HCnel<Ul111 Tpyna B npOMb[llInCHHOCTI1
11 TOprOlJJIe OT II 111OJ11 1947 r. /I C60pHI11< Me}l(.i!)'HapOD.HbIX npa-
fIODb[X nOKYMeHToB, perynl1pylOlUl1X BonpocbI Ml1rpaLll111 M.' MC)I(-
l1)'HapO!!Hall opraHI13aUHII no Ml1rpaLlHH, 1994
41. KOHBeHul1JI MOT N!! 118 0 paBHonpaBl111 rpa)l(D.aH CTpaHb[ 11 I1HO-
CTpaHLleB 11 JILl 6e3 rpaJlUlaHCTDa B 06JJ3cTH COUH3JJbHOro 06ecne-
'JeHI1JI OT 28 I1IOHII 1962 r. /1 C60pHI11< Me;t(ll)'HapOllHblX npaDODb[X
JlOKYMeHTOB, perynl1pylO!IU1x BOnpOCb! Ml1rpaUI1I1. M' MeJK1lYHa-
pO.llHa.ll opraHH3aLl('j.ll no MHrpaUH('j. 1994.
42. KOHBeHUl111 MOT N!! 1430 3JJoynoTpe5J1eHI1JIX D Ofu!acTI1 Ml1rpaLll111
H 06 06ecnc.,eHI1l'J TpyJUlll.[l1MC.II-Ml1rpaHTaM paDeHcTBa BOJMO}l(HO-
CTeti 11 06p3lUeHli.ll OT 24 I1IOHII 1975 r. 1/ C60pHI1K MeJ£U\YHapOll-
Hb[X npaaoablx lIOI<YMeHToa, perynl1pYlOlUHX BonpOCb[ Ml1rpaUl111
M.: Me)l(J\,.\lHapOllH35I OpraHl13aUI111 no Ml1rp3UI1I1. 1994.
119
43. PeKOMeHJ\aLlItIt MOT NQ 86 0 TPYllHll.[HXCH-MHrpaHT[lX OT I HIOJlH
1949 r. II C60pHI1K Me)t(1lJHapOllHblX npallODb[X n.oKYleHTOD, pery-
JlHPYIOll.[HX BonpOCbl MrpaUItIt. M : MCJ£U\YHapoaHall opraH3aUItIl
no Ml1rpaUl1l1, 1994
44. Pel<OMeHllaUItJl MOT NQ 151 0 TPY.llIllID1XCII-MHrpaHHlx OT 24 I1IOHII
1975 r. II C60pHltl< Me)t(1lJHapOJlHbIX npaBoBblx lIoKY'>teHTOB, pery-
JlI1PYIOll.[I1X Donpocbl MHrpaUI1I1. M . Me)l(J()'HapOllHal! opraHH3aUI1n
no "tI1rpaUHIt, 1994
45. YCTaD Me)t(1lJHapOliHow OpraHI1JaUl111 no .neJ1aM 6e>KeHueB OT IS .ne-
Ka6pn 1946 r II f.'i!6U11-flL" fe CTaTYc 6e»;eHua B '>te>KD.YHapOJl-
HOM npaBe. M.: IOHI1TI1, 1997.
46. YCTaB ynpaBJJeHHII BepxoBHoro KOMI1CCapa OpraHI13aUHH 06be.nl1-
HeHHblX HauHI1 no .neJ13M 6e>KeHLleB OT 14 D.eKa6pH 1950 r. II fyrJ-
6UH-fwVJ f C. CTaTYC 6e>KeHLW D Me)K!lyHapO!!HOM npaBe M.:
IOHI1TI1, 1991.
47. KOHCTI1l)'LlI1I1 Me)K!lyHapO!!HOil OpraHI13aUI1H no MHrpaU1111 OT
20 Mall 1987 r II fyrJ6UH-fu./I r.e Cmryc 6e}l(eHlUI B Me>KD.YHa-
pOliHOM npaBe. M: IOHI1TI1, 1991
48. Alepl1KaHCKal! KOHBeHUl111 0 npaBax 4eJJOBeKa 1969 r II fyrJ6UI/-
fU,L1 r.c. Cmryc 6e}l(eHUa H MCJIUIyHiqX)J\HOM npaBe. M.. IOHI1TI1,
1997.
49. A4JpHKaHcKall xapTHII npaB 'IeJJOBeI<3 HapOJlOB 1981 r. II f.'i!6UH-
fu,L-J r.c. CTa'ryc 6e)KeHua II Me)K!lyHapOl!HOM npaDe. M. IOHI1TI1,
1991.
50. KOHBeHUl111 no 1<0HKpeTHbiM acneKTaM np06J1eM 6e)f{eHUeB B A<!>PH-
Ke OT 1969 r II I)YJeuH-fILU fe CTal)'c 6e)f{eHua II t.leJKlIYHapOJl-
HOM npaBe. M.. IOHI1TI1, 1997.
51. KapTaXeHCl<al! D.eKJIapaUItJI 0 6e>KeHuax 1984 r. II f.IOOuH-flU..l r.c.
C1m)"c 6e}l(eHU3 B apol!HO\I npaBe M.. IOHI1TI1, 1997
52. YCTaB COEeTiI EBPOnb[ OT 5 MaH 1949 r. II LleticTBylOlUee Me)K!lyHa-
pOliHoe npaBo B 3 T T 1 I COCT. 10 M KOJIOCOB 11
3.C. KpHB'lHKOEI\. M.. MHI1Mn, 1996
53. KOHBeHUI1.11 0 Jall.[l1Te npaJI 'leJ10BeKa 11 OCHOBHb[X cB060J\ OT 4 HO-
116pn 1950 r II LleiicTB}'IOwee M'IpO!!Hoe npaBO. E ] T. T. 1 I
CocT.1O M KOJIOCOB 113C Kpl1D4HKOBa M.' MHI1Mn, 1997.
54. npOTOI<OJ1 N94 K KOHBeHUHIt 0 aall.[HTe npaD 'IeJJOBeKa It OCHODHblX
cB06o.n OT 16 ceHTI!6pl! 1963 r. II LleilCTBYIOll.[ee Me)K!lyHapOliHOe
npaBO. E 3 T T 2 I COCT. IO.M KOJIOCOB 11 .3 C Kpl1B411KOBa M'
MHI1Mn, 1997.
55. 3aKJIlO411TeJJbHblW aKT COBell.[aHl1n no 6e30nacHocTI1 11 COTpyHHI1'le-
CTBY H EBpone OT I 3BrYCTa 1975 r. II C60pHHK Me)K!lyHapoaHblx
npaBoBblx HOKYMeHToB. perynl1pylOlUl1X BonpocbI Ml1rpaUl111 M..
Me.JKL!YHapOllHall opraHlt3aUI111 no "UJrpaUI1I1, 1994.
120
56. EBponei1Cl<all COLlHaJJbHall xapWHI OT 18 0l<HI6pH 1961 r. II C60p-
HI1K MeJK11YHap011Hb[X npaDOBblX 1l0KYMeHTOB, pel)'nl1pylOLl.!MX BO-
npOCbJ MltrpaWJ M. Me>K.!lYHapOJIHaH opraHH3aU1I no Mltrpau,
1994.
57. floroROp 06 Y4pe>K.!leHHH EBpondicl<oro 3KOHOMWJeCKoro co06we-
CTBa OT 25 MapTa 1957 r. II Xupl11flU T K. OCHOBbl npaBa EBponeti-
cl<oro coofjLUecTBa M' IOHI1TI1, 1998
58. KOHCTrI1}'LII1H rocYJJ.HpCTB EBponbl. B 3 r. I 110Jl 06ll!. pell.
J1 J1. OKYHbI<OBO M, 2001.
59. floroBop 0 EBpOneiicl<OM COlO3e OT 7 Dpa.rlJl 1992 r. II Xopm-
J/U T.K. OCHOBb[ npaB EBPOnei1cKOf<\ co06ll!ecTBa. M.: IOHI1TI1,
1998.
60. KOHlJeHLlrIH, onpe!!eJlHwwaJI rocynap<:TBO, OTBeTCTBt'HHOe 3a pac-
CMorpeHl1e 3al!BJleHI1ii 0 npe!!OCTaB..'JeHI1I1 yOe>KHwa, n011aHHbIX B
OJIHOM H3 rOCYllapCTB - 'IneHOD ElJponei1cl<oro coo6wecTBB, OT
IS I1IOHII 1990 r. II C60pHI11< Me>K1lYHapOl!HbIX npaDOlJbIX 1l0KYMeH-
TOB, perynltpylOll!ItX BonpOCbl MltrpaWJH M' Me)f{,!\YtilipOJ\HBI! op-
raHI1JaUl111 no Ml1rpaUl1l1, 1994
61. PernaMcHT CODeTa N9 1612/68 0 cB06011HOM nepel!BI1>KCHI1I1 Tpynl!-
WHXCH BHYTPH C0061l1eCTBfI or 15 OI<TH6pH 1968 r. II IlpaBo EBpO-
nei1cKoro COI03a: npaBOBoe pel)'nl1pOBaHl1e ToprOBoro 060poTa. M
3epuarro, 1999.
62. f'ernaMeHT (CEE) N91251/70 KOMI1CCI1I1 0 npaBe pa60THl1l<oB-
MltrpaHTOD ()C"J'3TbCJI Ha Teppl1TOprIH rocYll3pCTJIa-4JJeHa IJOCJ\e 3a-
HepweHHII pa60TbI B :nOM rOCYllapCTBe OT 29 HIOHII 1970 r. II I1pa-
BO EflponeiicKoro COI03a' npaBOfloe pel)'nl1pODaHl1e ToproBoro 060-
pom. M. 3epLlaJ1o, 1999.
63. Perna).leHT COBera M 1408/71 0 npl1MeHeHl111 pe>KI1MOD COUI1aJ1bHO-
ro 06ecne4eHI1IJ pa60THI1KoB 11 I1X CtMeti, nepeMewalOWI1XCIi Ha
Teppl1TOpl111 EBponei1cKOro coo6weCTBa, OT 14 I1lOml 1971 r. II
IlpaBO EBponecl<oro COI03a' npaBOBoe perYJll1pOBaHHe ToprOBoro
06opOTa. M.: 3epuarro, 1999.
64. 1I.I1pel<TI1Ba COBeru N968/360 05 OTMeHe orpaHI14eHI1n Ha nepe-
l!Bl1>KeHHe npe6bIHBHHe Tpy1lnIlU1XCII, IIBJJJlIOIlU1XCH rpBJKJIBHaMIt
rocynapcTB - 'IneHOB CoofjwecTBfI, 11 'IneHOB I1X ceMe B npe!!eJlax
CoofjllleCTBa OT 150KTH6pll 1968 r. II I1paBO EBponeticl<oro COI033:
npaBOBOe pel)'nl1pOBaHHe roproBoro 000p0TIl I 11M pel!. B B. EeJ6:.1xa.
M' 3epLla.rlo, 1999
65. flHpel<TI1Ba COBCTa M 77/486 06 06pnoBaHI1H 1leTefi pa60THH1<0B-
'-iI1rpaHTOB or 25 I1IOJJJI 1977 r. II IlpaDo EBponeiicl<oro COI03a'
npaBoBoe perylI('jpOBaHHe TOproBOro 060pm-a I 11M peJi.
B.B Ee36ay.. M.: 3epuBJio, 1999.
66. COrJlaweHHe MtJ£U\Y npaRI1TtJJbCTBBM rOcyJlapCTR 3KOHOMI1'1eCKoro
COIOJa EeHI1J1IOKC, lJ>eJ\epaTI1BHOn Pecny6J1I1KI1 repMaHI1H 11 IJ>paH-
121
LlY3CI<Oti Pecny6J1KH 06 OTMeHe KOHrpOJl}l Ha 06wHx rpaHm.[ax OT
14 I1IOHII 1985 r. II C60pHI11< Me)l(J!yHapOllHbIX npaBoBbIx nOKYMeH-
TOB, perYJlltpylOWIfX Bonpocbl MltrpaWJH M: MeJ£U\YHap01lH31! op-
raHI1JaUl111 no Ml1rpaUl1l1, 1994
67. KOH(leHUI1I1 0 npitMeHeHH WeHreHCl<oro corJlaweHHJI OT 14 ItIOJln
1985 r. MeJKJIY npaBHTJJbCTBaMH roCYJJ.3PCTB 31<0HOMit'lecI<oro COIO-
3a EeHJlIOKC, lJ>eJ\epaTI1BHOH Pecny6J1I1KI1 repMaHl111 11 IJ>paHuY3-
Cl<oti Pecny6J1HI<It 0 nOCTeneHHoti OTMeHe 1<0HTp0J111 HB 06wltx rpa-
HI1LlaX OT 19 I1IOHII 1990 r II C60pHI11< Me)K!lYHapOllHblX npaDODb[X
noI-."}'MeHTOB, peryJIl1pylOWI1X BonpOCb! Ml1rpaUItIt. M' MC)K!IYHa-
pOllHaJl OpraHI1JaUI1.11 no Ml1rpaUl1l1, 1994.
68. YCTaDC l-IeJaDI1CI1Mb[X rOcynaIXTBOT22J1HBapJl 1993 r. II
LleiiCTIJylOwee Me}l(J],yHapO.D.HOe npfiBO. B 3 T. T. I I CoeT.
10 M. KOJIOCOD 3 C. Kpl1Dl1'lKODa M.: MHI1MIl, 1996.
69. LlorOBOp 0 C03JIaH 3KOHOM'Iecl<oro CQI03a OT 24 ceHTI!6pn
1993 r. 111I.ei1CTDyJOwee Me)l(JJ.yHapOllHOe npaBO. B 3 T. T. 3 I COCT.
10 M. KOJIOCOB 3.C. KpltBl1'1KOBa M.: MHI1Mn, 1997.
70. KOHBeHUl111 C011PY;>;ecTBa He3aDI1CI1Mb[X rocynapcTB 0 npaDax 11
OCHODHb[X cBo60nax 'IeJlODeKa OT 26 Man 1995 r II POCCI1HCKB>I ra-
3eTa.1995.23HIOHJI.
71. COrJlaWeHl1e 06 06paJOBaHI111 KOHcyJIbTaTI1BHoro COBeTa no TPY.ny,
MltrpaLlHH COUIfa."IbHOH 3aWl1TbI HaCeJleHHII rocY.IlapCTB - Y4iiCT-
HI1KOB C01!.PYA(C(:TBa He:JaBI1CI1MblX rocynapcTB 01 13 HO>l6pn
1992 r. II C60pHI1K OCHOBHblX lIOI<YMeHTOB, nOllrOTO(lJleHHblX C
Y4f1CTl1eJ<.! KOHcYJIbTaTIfBHoro COBe-ra no TPY.IlY, MHrpaLlIt H cOWJ-
aJ1bHOH 3awwre H3CeJ1eHI1I1 rocynapcTD - )"IaCTHI1KOfl CHr M
IJ>HHCTBTHH4>OPM,2002.
72. COmaWeHl1e 0 rapaHTl1nX npaB rpB)f(JIaH rocynapcTB - Y'IaCTHI1KOB
CHr B 06J13CTI1 neHCOHHoro 06ecne4eHI1J1 OT 1J. "I3PTB 1992 r. II
3aKoH. 1998. N2 4.
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