, EE
'I-out
qrammar
erence
. cket
, ., ide


CAMBRIDG =


.


.


-


A self-study
reference
and practice
book for
elementary
students of
English


SECOND
E. D I T ION


with answers


Raymond Murphy




,.......,


,....


"........


,-....


.-.,


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,-.






Contents


To the student
To the teacher
Thanks


Unit
1 am/is/are
2 an1/is/are (questions)
3 I am doing u?resent continuous)
4 are you doing? (present continuous questions)
5 I do/work/like ete. (present sirnpJc)
6 I don't... (present silupIe negative)
7 Do you... ? (present SilUpIc questions)
8 I am doing c111(1 I do (present continuous clnd present sinlple)
9 I have ... / I've got ...
10 was/were
11 worked/got/went ete. (past sinlple)
12 I didn't ... Did you ... ? (past sin1ple negative and questions)
13 I was doing (pclst continuous)
14 I was doing (past continuous) and I did (past sinlple)
15 I have done (present perfect 1)
16 I've just ... I've alrea4y ... I haven't ... yet (present perfect 2)
17 Have you ever ... ? (present perfect 3)
18 How long have you ... ? (present perfect 4)
19 for since ago
20 I have done (present perfect) and I did (past sinlplc)
21 is done was done (passive 1)
22 is being done has been done (passive 2)
23 be/have/do in present and past tenses
24 RebTular and irre!-,'1.llar verbs
25 I used to ...


26 What are you doing tomorrow?
27 I'in going to ...
28 will/ shall (1)
29 will/shall (2)
30 might
31 can and could
32 Illust mustn't needn't
33 should
34 I have to ...
35 Would you like ... ? I'd like ...
36 there is there are
37 there was/were there has/have been
38 It...


there will be




39 1 am I don't ete.
40 Have you? Are you? Don't you? ete.
41 too/either so am 1 / neither do I ete.


42 isn't haven't don't ere. (nega ti ves)
43 is it ... ? have you... ? do they... ? ete. (questions' 1)
44 Who saw you? Who did you see? (questions 2)
45 Who is she talking to? What is it like? (questions 3)
46 What... ? Which ... ? How... ?
47 How long does it take ... ?
48 Do you knoV\r where ... ? I don't know what... ete.


49 She said that...


He told me that ...


50 work/working go/going do/doing
5J to ... (I want to do) and -ing (I enjoy doing)
52 I want you to ... I told you to ...
53 I went to the shop to ...
54
55
5(;
57


go to ...
get
do and make
have


go on ...


go for ...


.
go -lug


5R I/me he/him they /them ete.
59 my/his/their ete.
60 Whose is this? It's mine/yours/hers ete.
61 I/lne/nly/nlinc
62 I'nyself/yourself/ themselves ete.
63 -'s (Ann's caJuera / my brother's car) etc.
64 a/an...
65 flower(s) bus(es) (singular and plural)
66 a car / some Inoney (countable/uncountable 1)
67 a car / SOlne money (countable/uncountable 2)
6H a/an and the
6<) the...
70 go to work / go hOITIe / go to the cinema
71 I like lTIusic 1 h,lte exams
72 the... (n
unes of places)
73 this/that/these/those
74 one / ones
75 SOlne and any
76 not -/- any no none
77 not -/- anybody/anyone/anything nobody/no-one/nothing
78 somebody / anything/nowhere ete.
. 79 every and al1
80 all most some any no/ none
81 both either neither
82 a lot much many
83 (a) little (a) few


[4J




84 old/nice/interesting ete. (adjectives)
85 quickly/badly/suddenlyete. (adverbs)
g6 old/older expensive / n10re expensive
87 older than ... more expensive than ...
'"' 88 not as ... as
89 the oldest the most expensive
- 90 enough
91 too


..--..


-,


92 He speaks English very \vd1. (\vord order 1)
93 always/ usually / often etc. ('Alord order 2)
94 still yet already
95 Give me that book! Give it to me!


r-


.......


96 at 8 o'clock on Monday
97 frot'll. .. to until since
98 before after during
99 in at on (places 1)
100 in at on (places 2)
101 to in at (places 3)
102 under behind opposite etc. (prepositions)
103 up over through ete. (prepositions)
104 on at by with about (prepositions)
105 afraid of... good at ... ete. preposition +"-ing (good at -ing ete.)
106 listen to ... look at ... etc. (verb + preposition)
107 go in fall off run away ete. (phrasal verbs 1)
108 put on your shoes put your shoes on (phrasal verbs 2)


in April
for
V\rhile


-


,,-..


--


..--..


r--


---


--


109 and but or so because
110 When...
111 Ifwe go ... If you see... ete.
112 If I had ... Ifwe went... ete.
113 a person who ... a thing that/which... (relative clauscs 1)
114 the people we met ,the hotd you stayed at (relative clauses 2)


r


......


r.


Appendices
A ppelldix 1 Active and passive 23')
Appendix 2 List of irrcbTldar verbs 240
Appendix 3 Irrcbrular verbs in groups 241
Appendix 4 Short fOrIns (he's / I'd / don't ctc.) 242
Appendix 5 Spelling 244
Appendix 0 Phrasal verbs (look out / take off ete.) 246
Appendix 7 Phrasal verbs + ol
ject (fill in a £orn1 / put out a fire ete.)


247


--


Additional exercises


248


r


Key to Exercises 265
Key to Addition,11 exercises


293


---


Index


296


[5




To the student (working without a teacher)


This is a grarnnlar book for c1el11entary students of English. There .lrc 114 units in
the book and each unit is about a different point of English gr,ullillar. There is a list
ofunit5 at the heginning of the book (Contcnts).


Do not study all the units in order froll1 beginning to end. It is better to choose the
units that you need to do. For exanlple, if you have a problern \vith the present
perfect (1 have beeu.. he has done etc.). use the Indcx (at the back of the book) to find
the unit (or units) you need to study (Units 15-20 for the present perfect).


Each ullit is t\VO pages. The infornlation is on the left-hand. page and the exercises
arc on the right:


I hal/a 10 .._


EXIRCISl:S


u....r
34


II


s.t' r.(n......r...
fll"(
 ....."JI,1 lu' Us.. eQl'O{cU'1i!:5o!'\tIb'!


,It> ...-d .,...1.: "..."'
 _,


. '-110.:01,1" ';..y",.... ...n !I.r... 1&"\"'''''11'_'''''.. ('!.Ih.
:

;I;.
:I:'II:

.:: .:t: d.: 11

,:':..
:I{:I..;:'-I{rUf


I M.
., J:-: I'..

 1:"0' ..........,., ..,,U II n:'Io.
;: .'1 It, u.I.
'. I:' II."
- .111,,= v...h.... .
"=11
!o r.t""rU)l..Jrl
"II:I"",,,,,"'h: .Ir. n...-Io.
. .'1It":III...:,," ,..1.:'......111.1,...11"1,..1. "'.1 oTl...IIII..........-. UU
, 1-:11.i.I..I..lr..........
... . 1.:1 1I'.f'I.""
14': f.£n:t". r
,,'f':ot..:... Us....., II!' t.. Io!i. 1v.-(II\
"'tI1'[
.""",'1'1 I. J c1o.nr."
 ....1.
I y..:.tW.1 ....1'.-.&1 h:Ulln.lid.l.rllr-o:'Yl.1t 1....111'.
.. h..I.,I: I ..1....II..cO:Y".,IItOJaur."M.
!o 1..-.:u...J..orIfJ.ulllllhld:-:1'.....I....'\......h...1 _ _ ...,...-1;'.)
.. I1IC. 11 JI"lIl.\ ._. ,I 111."'''. ':OJ ...1:1. "',., _ ..1'1 I"
_ 'Itto'::"JUC''tIl.!<'''lIrln'M:
'Uo;"1I1'n lI.:,iul'
...1 tun l.cnc:I:u.SlO'
.II.'ll':iW"..J'""'&JIJ
1

.

, I :1.:IP('''
''''C!,'r-''''Jlt{IrIl....n...J.' . '':''1 1 ::1'101 ....'.I:--t I... t" ,t06....r
.:. "'o"I.loC"...-:-...JI"',,i:,k..-III.- 1 11....,1:'." _
3 11..II=-r:."JlIl'oI'.b:TII ,'':''1..,.. _ _ .
I \I.'tla:.:.l,:O:J.....J...."d....Jup. 1....'1'........ I
. llzR-I)'J.I-J...Ua-.JIt.. 1 .,:,.1............,.. I


Exercises
(right)


Information
(left)


8 n
,
 :,.......,. '.." _, .." h..' ...
. 1....,,1"'11: '_".....1 ....oJ,..I.... 11...11
lI""'h'llr nl...
';t,
I_Jlo.J"".I"_lo'n.I...,..,I.l'llI""''''.. II....


C "".,."...,...1.."".._,, ,,,'.......,..v..:...I.I1..,....


'YaK'
" 010 ',,
.,'."\t..i I
 ,...-..'.......' "'.." I
_ _ _ .......w ......10.
.Inn Ir..I.r'I: 1.-::-..1......11 6:"_'1.


It . ..,...." "....,...
........\..........,....


I'
I u ......
.. t'r.I:Il'r I I I. ..,....;..,..........:1:", I 11' I 'I
I J ..:1".'11 I t.rrv 19 I 1:.-a1
...1' .. I.... '1'
: V.'I..:I'lJnrJ.u :!'1.,.h......ItOJ
rll I
 III!rrl...h...........

.
.
";' t
: 1: 1 7: :
:.;:.. .::::;
.I
n.. II"
1.J
"t I.........,) ..J: IoJ I
""
 - ..I..V! IC'
I_i

 ').J II
11r.I.r ...-dll1o:...I.."..,. 9J Id.Jn."..........:..1 'I" II..
: ......lul"'11'\ J...."t"w .....I.."o'tl. II I.'. n-.p' u ....:!'
..
"'.., <li.ln' 1111." IOJ ....11 -ar I,.... i'.1i! oJ.
 I...


I 'I"II'{ '''('
II '''r.'JlI
 "',.. ......\ 11,1..",..,) 1I'C\ol
: .k...." "..'!..........)
"
. '/.o"i .11.....11;0.1 ..,. III,' -"
II
. .kl,{nl........ """'01,.'..1: H...
. '
lr.' ..' .1......11
'I,.."'"'.r...., .f.\.


I".' _..d1.'I-:J","" I'
.(f''J!I""" n.nl W' hili. l:I-!.I' tct,..ul.-1


11. 1""'1 ItU flln """'''''''_11' .....b.. ,....d,u.llu...,...,. ...111.1,":. .'0'1(,' "'."'f'''O''
,)\. Ur:IIftj: n.u -"'11' UIt4II':(, I. ,.. 'I\r,
 '-.. y.'t .


1 ..... ..._'t.u 1111. "".11111'1
.('. ....-1....."0;: II );11 I. (11'::1
: h.n.-...'tIR': 1- ...."....'" ...Ia....... }.."il u..lr.... 0: I. "I:,1....J;..IS':(f'lt'.1

 '(.,1 _.,, :."':!'-'''IEIr.n ..:It:IIIIJ. """,n.",''I,...'I<'rh..'I''
I 1-ItJ'''h "'t' I.."..""'!, ""'., UF. l...IR..... ..1 Hr.II.-'........ II ..u....,
- ..........-
: 1('1110......._..,1....,..0: I I..-..Ir III"" .;-....1\..0::." ......
I
.I-:o .......dll-:'..,.I.J....'
I.I!J..' t;;:;,.I.,.'.!.!.!-..r....II....l..I,.
, .,.....I.I....I..t,&....... ,...........I..b...... !!.!.li!..r 1.......11..1...1:.....
,tA ..,
 .....1;.'.0 r!n '"
 ", """? ... ,,,,,,..'..',,t..,, ..

 .:"'.........J.... 11'..... t.-. ir..y;el «'" ..1;..0::> cY'Il
, odA.t
1. 1-:,.Tr..J..

1 :)In'of:.:......_
I :f"t..rrh..
 _


II
,....,,,.
..


'I}..I.I.I!"u..,.
It.....l' ,un I"" 1I...I:f".UI L.t h... IlJlu'rrn.11
fit "''"1\ ,..1....'.10:...... ""'llue..1 'I... II.. t4 ,tol:-Ih .h"I:,...)hAUU:I'"
. !..If;
::.


:


..:: :,;'::;;;, U" .'1111.1.'1' »("'....( .11&. . I..JI II'"I........C .. I' oj..:'
1:00.. ..1I.nl''''llnlll


11-:, I.... ...m.l:r...,.'......


1"1


You can use the book in this \vay:
1 Look in the Contet1.ts and/ or Index to find the unit that YOll need.
2 Study the left-hand page (intorlnation).
3 Do the exercises on the right-hand page.
4 Use the KC)1 ro check your .1nS\Vers.
5 Study the lcft-h€Hld page again if necessary.
Don't forget the seven Appcudiccs at the back of the book (pages 239-247). These
\vin give you infornlation about active and passive fi}rnlS, irregular verbs, short
fi}J'111S. spelling and phrasal verbs.


There are also Additional exercises at the back of the book (pages 248-264). There is
a list of these exercises on page 248.


l6J




To the teacher


-


.......


The n10st ilnportant features of this book .ue:
. It is a granlt11ar book. It deals only \\lith gralnlnar and is not a general course
book.
. It is a book for deUlentary le,lrnel's. It docs nnt covcr areas of graullnar \vhich
are not nonnally taught at dt'lnentary level.
. It c0111bincs reference and exercises in one volun1e.
. 1 t can be used for self-study or as supp]elnentary course Inaterial.


.r"


,-.....


r'


--.


Organisation of the book


........


There are 114 units in the hook, e,lLh one fi)Cusing on a particular are,1 of
granunar. The 111.aterial is organised in granullatical categories, such as tenses,
questions and .lrticlcs. Units are not ordered according to difficulty, and should
therefi)re be selected and used in the order appropriate for the learner(s). The book
should not be v./orked through frol11 beginning to end. The units are listed in the
(
lH"llC1l1S and there is a conlprehensive Index at the end of the book.
...
Each unit has the Sanll'" fannat consisting of two f:lCing p.lges. The gran1lual'
point is presented and explained on the left-hand page dud the corresponding
exercises are on the right. ]"hcrc arc seven Appclldiccs (pages 239-247) dealing with
active ,Ind passive Kn-n1s, irrcbyul.1r verbs, short fonns (contractions), spel1ing and
phrasal verbs. It Inight be lIseful for teachers to drJ\v stuJents' attention to thesc.
l'his nevv edition of Essential Gramnwr in, lise also contains ,I set of Addition-a!
cxercises (pages 248-264). These exercises provide 'nlixed' practice bringing
together granlInar points £i-oln a olullber of different units (nuin1y those
concerning verb forrns). There are 33 exercises in this section and there is a fu111ist
on page 24H.
Finally, there is a I(cy at the back of the book (pJges 265-295) for students to
check their ,1nS\ivers. An edition "\vithout the Key is also av
\ilable for teachers \-vho
\vould prefer their students to use this.


,,--


,-....,


,...


,.,-.....


--


,-..


-


Level






The book is for elelnentary learners, i.e. le..lrners \Nith vcry little English, but]
\vould not expect it to be used fron1 the first del)' of a course for cOlnplete
beginners. It is intended Jllainly for elelllentary students virho are beyond the very
earliest stages of a beginners' course. It could also be used by )o\ver intennediate
learncrs \\Those gr.ln1111ar is \veaker than other aspects of their English or \vho have
problenls \vith particular ,lreclS of'clen1cntary' granll11ar.
The explanations are addressed to the e1cnlentary Icarner and are therefore ,IS
sin1ple and as short as possible. The vocabulary used ill the cxaillples .ul<.i exercises
has also been restricted so that the book can be used dt this levcL


r-


r'


r


Using the book


-


The book can be used by students \vorking Jlonc (see 'U) the studellt) or as
suppleluenrary course lnaterial. In either ca,;e the book can serve as an elernentary
granunar book.


[7





When used as COllrse- l1laterial, the hook can be used for illllllcdiate
consolidation or f()r bter revision or reuledial \-vork. It l1ught be llsed by the \vhole
class or by individual students needing extra help and practice.
In S0111C cases it Illay be desirable to use the 1cft-h.lnd pages (presentation and
cxplanJtion) in class. but it should be noted that thesc have been \\7ritte-n for
individual study and reference. In I1lost cases, it would probably be better for the
teacher to prescnt the granullar point in his/her preferred \vay \\rith the exercises
being done for hOlnevvork. The Icft-h
lnd page is thcn available for bter reference
by the student.
S0l11e teachers In3Y prefer to keep the book for revision and relllediJl \vork. In
this case, individual studcnts or groups of students can be directed to the
,'ppropriate units for self-study and practice.


Changes from the first edition


The 1nain ch,lngcs fTonl the first edition are:
. There ,lre six ne\v units:
Unit 16 present perfect -I- just/already /yet
Unit 22 passive (is beillJ! done / has been done)
Unit 25 I used to ...
Unit 56 do .1n<1 rnakc
Unit 57 IW1Je
Unit '112
f I had... / ifwc went... etc.
There is 3lso
1 nc"v appendix on active and passive fonns (Appendix- 1).
. SOBlt.' of the Iuaterial has been revised and reorganised. For exarnple, the
content of Units 99-100 (in./ at/on) in the nev.... edition corresponds to Unit 94
and part of Unit 9(J in the old edition.
. SOlllC units luve been redesigned, for exarnple Unit 41 (originally 39) and
Unit 54 (originally 52).
. SOlne of the units have been reordered and (after Urut 8) nearly all units have
a differcnt nUl1lber ti"OIn the original edition. A fevi units have been luoved to
dit1erent parts of the book. For ex
unple, Unit 50 (work /workiHg ete.) "vas
originally Unit 34.
. Many of the left-hand pages have been re\vritten and l11any of the exalnples
chJnged. In a fe\v cases there are sigruficant changes to the content, for
ex.Hnple Unit 51 (originally 47), Unit 73 (origin.1lly 6R) ,uld Unit 82
(originally 77).
. Many of the original exercises have been lnodified or conlpletely replaced
\\Tith nc\\' exercises (for exa1uple, Units 4 and 5).
. There is a new section of Additional exerciscs ,It the back of the book (see
()tganisatiol1 C2f (he hook above).


18.1




Thanks


-


For their help in producing this ne\v edition of Essentidl C;mmmar in. Use, I \.vould
like to thank Jeanne McCarten, N6irin Burke, Liz Driscoll, C,hris Halnilron-Elllcry,
Geraldine Mark, Jane Walsh, P
ln1 Murphy, Ruth Carinl and Lclio Palhni.


--


Dr.nvings by R...ich.lrd Deverell, R...ichard EckfiJrd, Sue Hilhvood-Harris and
Anlanda MacPhclil.
Book design by Peter Ducker MSTD.


;""


,.-


--


,,-....


..-....


--


,.......


-






-


.-.


,-.


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---


[





UNIT
1


A


am/is/are


(I'm2



l\I1y f
1\70urite colour is blue


My C1vourite sports are
f()oth.:111 and s\vinuuing.


My father is a doctor and Inv
, 1110ther is a journalist.


JlSA


I'm interested in art.


B positillC m
r:atif)c
I am (I'm) I am not (I'm not)
he} (he's) he 1 (he's not Of he isn't)
sh.c is (she's) sl
e f is not (she's 110t or she isn't)
It (it's) It (it's not or it isn't)
we} ( we're) we} (\::ve're not or \ve aren't)
you are (you're) you are not (you're 110t or YOll aren't)
they (they're) they (they're not (Jr they aren't)


c


. I'ln cold. C.1n you dose the vvindo\\7, please?
. I'm 32 years old. My sistcr is 29.
. My brother is very tall. He's .:1 po1icenlan.
. John is afraid of dogs.
a--
I(?-<-
'1).'{
. It's ten o'clock. You're late again.
. Ann .1nd I are good Friends.
. Your keys are all the table.


.,


I)m (,l,fraUl
of MgS.
, /

Qft
 f\ \.vo

" ,\

i ( ' "-!( '()

,


 )\
<<<rl, : \


. I'm tired but I'm 110t hungry.
. Tonl isn't interested in politics. I-Je's interested in l11usic.
.Jane isn't at h0l11C at the JlI0I11cnt. She's at \,\lork.
. Those pcople aren't English. They're Australian.
. It's sunny tod,lV but it isn't vvarnl.
_ J


that's = that is


there's = there is


here's = here is


.Thank you. That's very kind of you.
. Look! There's Chris.
. 'Here's your key.' 'Th.:Ulk you.'


(10] am/is/are (questions) =>
 there is/are => I!mIEIlI a/an => ImIiI9




UNIT
EXERCISES
1
1.1 Write the short form (she's I we aren't etc.).
1 she is ......:.... 3 It IS not .........................................
2 they are ........................................ 4 that is ..........___..........__....................
5 I anl not .............................,............
h you arc not ..................,................
1.2 Put in am, is or are.
1 Thc \\'cclthcr ..... nice today.
2 I ........__...., not tired.
3 Tills bag ............... heJvy.
4 These bags ............... heavy.

5 Look! There .....mm.'.. Carol.
() My brother Jnd 1 ............... good tennis players.
7 Ann ............... at h0111e. Her children ............... at school.
H 1 .....m....... a taxi driver. My sister ............... a nurse.
1.3 Write full sentences. Use is/isn't/are/aren't.
--
1 (your shoes very dirty) .XQr...P;?......x!:!...., pv\:". d:A"
_ 2 (111)' llr(Jtll cr cl te clC 11 er) My.......". .......,.... ....... ................ ........." ......... ,........., ........",. ........... ..........., , .........,... ........" ......,........
3 (tills 110 LIse 11 () t \'ery 11 ig) .....,.. .........,.. .......,... ........,... .......,... ........",. ........,. ........,... .__....,.. ........,... ............ ............ ...__....... ........,.....
4 (t he sh ops not open l oda y) ........., ............ ........... ..........,.. ...___..... .........., ....................., ........., ............. ............. ........... .......... .......
5 (IllY ke)'s i lJ Ill)' ll<1 g) ............."... .......... ............ ........... .......,... ..__.....,' ........" ........". ........... .........,.. ............ ............ ............ .......... .......
.......... 6 (J c nil)' 18 )'cars old.) ....... ....... ........... ............. ........,... .......... .........., ..........,.. ......"... ....."". .......... .........'" ............. .........,. ............ ........
7 ( "() II 11 () t ve rv tall) .......' ........,.. .......... ............. .......... ..........,... .......... .......... ........,.. .......". ............. ........,. ..........,... .__...,... .......... ...........
, ,
-
1.4 Look at Lisa's sentences (Unit 1 A). Now write sentences about yourself.
-
........
,......
1 (nanlc?)
2 (fruBl?)
3 (age?)
4 (job?)
5 (In,1rricd?)
6 (lVs.)qritc colour or colours?)
M)' ....." .......... ........",. .......",.. ........... .........., .........., ...____..... .....
7 (interestcd in. . . ?)
1 ............. .......... ........,.. ......,..........,...... ........,. .........". ..__.....,.... .....
M)' '" ........... ......... ............ ............ .......,.,....
I ......., __ .__....,. ..__...., .....__..". ............ ......,.,......
I ...... ............ .......... ............ .......".. ........... .....
I ...... "'__'" .......... ........." ..........,.. ........".. ......,
I ..... .......". .......... ........,. ........". ............ .........
''"'1.5 Write sentences for the pictures. Use: afraid angry cold hot
,.....
,...
,......
r
r-
1.6
",-...
,.....
I"""
r-

.r:
1 ...?h.........
2 1"]1 C)' ........ ....,... ........... .......... ..........
3 I-I e .. ........,... .......,..... ............ ......,......
4 ......... ........"..........'.... .....__.".. .......... .....
5 .. ........... ........,.... ............. .......... ........,.....
6
Write true sentences, positive or negative. Use am I am not I is / isn't / are / aren't.
1 (I / interested in politics) .J.....(9R..r..Q...4J...p.Q.
2 (I / 11ll n gry) r...."... .......... .......,'............. ............ ............ ............... ......... ......,.,.. .......... ........... ........... ............ .............. .......,.... ....
3 (i t / \,V Jr} 1 1 toc!a y) 1 t . ........,.. ........... .........,... ........." .............. ......... ........... ........... ........,.. .............. ......".... ........... ......
4 (I / afi-aici 0 f liogs) ...,. ........" .........". .........". ......... .............". ....__.... .........." ........... ......... ...........,. ............ .........., ........... ...........
5 (IllY Ila llCls / co I d) ..... ......... ............. ........... .............. ........'.. ........",. ........,.. ......... ............. ........... ........,.. ............ .........". ..........
6 (Cana da / a very big co un tlY) ......... ........... ............ ....................... ........... ..___..... ............ ............ ............. ........... ............
7 (dia 111011 cis / C]l ('a 1-") ) ........ ............. ........... ........... ...........'. .........',. .......", ......... ,............ ........... ............ ........." .........,'. ........."...
8 (J / in tcrcstcd in foo tban) ...... ........... ............. ,......."... ........,.. ......... .........". ......... ............. .........., , ........., ..........,. ,........,.. ....
9 (l"to 11lC / ill Spa ill) . ......... ............. ......... ........".. ..........,.. ........". ............ .......,... ......,... ............ .......... ........,.. .............. .......,......
[11 ]

A positive qursti01J
I aID am I?
he } { he?
sh.e is is she?
It it?
we} { we?
you are are you?
they they?
UNIT
2
am/is/are (questions)
What's vour nnHe?
J
( DaVi
Are you Hurried?
  <How old areC;:?;'rnsingl<L @
t C 25. r
'Are you a student ?) )
Yes, laIn.
. 'Am I late?' 'No, you're on tin1e:
. 'Is your tnother at horne?' 'No, she's out.'
' A h .." ' N h ' , CA LP.'y- S 1fE\{ Dr HI;- Ih-'\
. re your parents at Oille ( 0, t ey re out.
. 'Is it cold ill your rooIn?' 'Yes, a little.'
. Your shoes are nice. Are they ne\v?
We say:
. Is she at h01l1e? / Is your mother at horne? (Hot 'Is at hOll1C your lllother?')
. Are they ne\v? / Are your shoes nev.r? (Hot "Arc nc\v your shocs?')
B Where ... ? / What ... ? / Who ... ? / How... ? / Why... ?
c
. Where is your lllother? Is she at hOlne?
. 'What colour is your car?' 'It's red.'
. How are your parents? Arc they \veIl?
. 'How much are these postcards?' 'Fifty pence.'
what's = what is \vho's = \vho is how's = how is
. What's the tilne? . Who's that 111an?
. Where's Jill? .How's your [ather?
. 'Where are you fIon1' '<..-:anada.'
. 'How old is Joe?' 'I-Ie's 24.'
. Why arc you angry?
where's = where is
short answers
ThJ
mH sm. :'J
L6Y1 t..
.'
( ' 
. [f c. 
r !
r
( t1l
6\ 'i'<.'01\\'()- -r,-, 'r '. f\ \,
Yes, I an1.
No, I'In not.
J he } .
Yes, 1 se IS.
{ he's }
No, s1e's not.
It's
{ he }
or No, s::e isn't.
{ \VC }
Yes, YOll are.
they
No, { ;: } not. or
they're
{ \ve }
No, you aren't.
they
. 'Are you tired?' 'Yes, I am.'
. 'Are you hungry?' 'No, rln not but ('111 thirsty.'
. 'Is your friend English?' 'Yes, he is.' 'f'\
. 'Are these your keys?' 'Yes, they are.'
. 'That's illY seat. 'No, it isn't.'
[12] aln/is/are =::} I!mII ql1es6ons =::} .::I what/wh.ich/how => I!III'tI

Make questions with these words. Use is or are.
1 (at hOIne / your lnother?) ..J.-.Hr",p.""'''?h."
2 (yonr lXlrcnts / \\7ell?) ...Ar..__!i..!:__P......r,
3 (in teres tin g / yc. )l1l" job ?) ,........................ ........., .........., ..______. .....__....,. "'"'.''' ........... .........., ..______.. ........... ....___...... .........
4 (the shops / opel1 today?) ........... ..........,. ......,..... ........... .......... ...............__............... .......,..,............ .......... ........... ...........
5 (interested in sport / yo ll?) ..___.... ...___..... ........... ............'. ......... .......... ............ ......... .......... ............ .........................___........
6 (n car here / the post office?) .........____.........___...... ....m... ............ .......... ................................ .......... .......... ...............___h........
7 (.:it schoo] / your chi] dren ?) ...., ....___..... .____......, ...___.... ............. ........,.. ........, .......... ....___..,. ..._...... ............ ........ ............. .......
8 (\"'1 hy / yc.) II / 1.1 tc?) ..... ............. ............ ........,.. ........... .......,.. ........... ........, ........... ......... ............. .....,....... ........... ...,
2.3 Complete the questions. Use What.../Who.../Where.../ How... .
-
.......
.
EXERCISES
2.1 Find the right answers for the questions
-
1 Where's the cainera?
2 Is your car blue?
3 Is Linda fi'OITI London?
4 Arn I late?
5 Where's Ann fioIn?
6 What colour is your bag?
7 Are you hungry?
R I-Iow is George?
9 Who's that \VOlllan?
,,-.....
..........
-
"......
.- 2.2
-
,,-...
.........
--
"........,
A London.
B No, I'n1 not.
eYes, YOll are.
D My sister.
E Bl.1ck.
F No, it's black.
G In your bag.
H No, she's Ainerican.
I Very \vell.
1
2
3
4
5
G
7
..J:tQ....... your parents?
... .......,.. ....... _ ......... .......... ............. ......... ........... ......... th C l1l1S s to P ?
..... ........ ......... ........, ........., .......... .......... .....___..... ...... yo ur c hi1drcn?
... .......... ........ ........., ........... .......... ............ ................ tllese oranges?
......___..,...___......___..................................... your flvourite sport?
............................................... the 111an in this photograph?
........ ......... ......... ......... ......,..... .......... .............. .... yo II r 11 e\o\/ s110 cs?
.,,--
.-
2.4
Write the questions. (Read the answers first.)
1 (nalne?) ...,..!ir...?...
2 (Ina rri cd or sing]e?) .............................___.....................___..... ...................
3 ( A 111 eri call ?) ......,.. .......... ......,..... .......... ..........,... ........... ..........,.. .........,.. ......
4 (lll)\!\..' <.) Id?) . .......,.. .......,... ......... ............. ........... ............. .........,... ......... ..........
5 (a te J.C J1er?) ........ ......... ..........' ............. ............ ......... ..... ......... ............. ..........
6 (\vife a la\vyer?) ......................___... ............ ....___...... .......,.. ............... .............
7 (£rOll1?)..... .......,.. .......... ........,.. ........... ............ ............ ............. ............ ........., ,..
8 (11 er IlaIll e ?) ... ........... ......... ........... ........... ............. ............ ............. ..._....... ....
9 (]10W ()] ti?) ... ........, ............ ........... ........... ............. ............. ............ ......... .......
I'"
r-
r-
2.5 Write short answers (Ves, I am. I No, he isn't. etc.).
1 Are you I1larried? .Jg.L.e...p..........................
2 Are you thirsty? .___..................................................,......
 3 Is it cold today? ..............................................................
UNIT
2
G
2 ...............
3 ...............
4
j ...............
6
7
8
9
They're very \.yell.
At the end of the street.
Five, six clnd ten.
£1.20 a kilo.
Skiing.
Th..\t's Inv father.
J
Black.

It;J(
Pa ul.
1'01 n1c.lrricd.
No, 1'01 Australian.
J'nl 30.
No, ] 'In a la\\ryer.
No, she's a designer.
She's Italian.
Anna.
She's 27.
PAUL
4 Are your hanos cold? ......................_........___.............
5 [s it dark no\,v? .............................................___..............
6 Are you a teJ.chcr? .....................................................
[13

UNIT
3
A
I am doing (present continuous)
I' 7.
II, ,/,' 'If ( ,
f, I".
;. " I I
. f I (/
II;/
',I
)/ ?, J.
/'/!- I //,;r
.. /1,' ' /
/ .,.) r
. J w

/
o
6

o
o
a
b
I
o


o
d
G
6
It's raining.
The sun isn't shining.
, ,
,.
J
{
.-{
. '.......
They're running.
They aren't walking.
She's eating.
She isn't reading.
The present continuous is:
ami is/ are + doing/ eating/ running/ ,",vritin g elf.
I (not) . I'nl \\'orking.
am -Jng
he } Chris is \\'ridng a Jt'tter.
sh.t' . (not) . She isn't eating. (or She's not eclting.)
IS -Jng
It The phone is ringing.
we } We're hclving dinner.
(not) . You're not listening to rnc. (Of" You aren't .. .)
you are -lng
they The children are doing their hOlnevvurk.
B am/is/are + -ing = sOl11.ethillg is happening nOllJ:
l'tn \\7orking
she's "wearing a hat
they're playing football
" {'In not watching television
past
future
NOW
. Please be quit:t. ]'m \\Turking. (= I'11l \vorking no\¥)
. Look at Sue! She's \learing her ne\,v hat. (= she is \\7earing it no\v)
. The \vcather is nice at the IllOlnent. It's not raining.
. 'Where clre the children?' 'They're playing ill the pJrk.'
. (011 the phone) We're having dinner nu\v. C3n you phone again later?
. You can turn off the television. ['01 not \vc\tching it.
Spelling (==> Appendix 5):
C0111e  cOIning
run  running
lie  lying
\\Trite  wnttng dance  d..ll1cing
sit -7 sitting s\vim  s\\i'imming
am/is/are  I!III d.re YOli doing? (questions) => __ I am doing and I do => I!1:J:LII
[14] What are you doing t0l110rrow? => 

EXERCISES
UNIT
3
3.1 What are these people doing? Use these verbs to complete the sentences:
eat have lie play sit wait
,,-...
-
,.....
,,-....,
-
,-..
3.2
..........
-

,-
3.3
/"'.
-
-
"
"........
3.4

-
,-
r
4
5
6
G)
J!
{/- '.
e.
: 11
i
.... '
--1-
t1i.

-'  
; -
\ ,
t  t , _II _
: 1PJ  ),i
l. ,
-:;, U'
- \. - l - .
- f
. "-
...J
,,-- ..
--. 
,
_ (.)1
,
L
,
\I
'r
I'
;;
I ...r..g.... an apple.
2 I-Ie ....................................................._..,....... for .1 bus.
3 They ...._.... '.m... .......... ........ .................m..... fi. )()tb,llL
4 ........ ......... ............ .__...... ............ ............. .___..... () 11 tll e flo{) r.
5 ,. .......... ,........... .......... .__......,. .......,., .,............ .......... breakfast.
6 .. ......... ............ ............ .......... ............ ............... 011 tl1 c ta bI e.
Complete the sentences. Use one of these verbs:
build cook go have stand
) )(
1 Please be quiet. I....JQ...9:....
2 'Whcre'sJohn?' 'I-Ie's in the kitchen. J-Ie ..................................,........................... .'
3 'You .....................................................,..___... on IllV foot.' '()h, rIll sorrv.'
J J
4 Look! SOlnehody ......................................._...............'....... in the river.
5 We're here 011 holiday. We .............................................................. at the Central I-Iotcl.
(, ) ' WI ' A )' ' 51 h .
1cre s IHL . Ie ..___._..........................................._........... a s ,o\.ver.
7 They....................................,......................... a nc\v theatre in the city centre at the Il10Il1ent.
8 I .....................................__........._............. now. Goodbye.
stay
.
SWIm
",york
Look at the picture. Write sentences about Jane. Use She's -ing or She isn't -ing,
I (have dinner) ........_y,g....':--...............................
2 (\\T.ltch teJevision) ..n....g..X.......................
3 (it on the floor) She ..............................................................................
4 (re:l d LI ["1()O k) ........... ......... ..........,.. ........... ........... ............. ........... .......... ..........
5 (p lay the pi,U1 0) . .......... ...............m... .............. ........... ........... .......... .......... .....
6 (1,lll gh ) ......... ........... ......,.... ........... ........... .._......,. ............. ......... ............. ......... .....
7 (\\Tear a 11LI t) ...... ............. ..._.... ..........'... .......... ............. ........,. ........,. ........... .......
R (wri tc a 1 ett e 1') .......... ........... ...n...'... ........... ........... ........... ............ ........ .....__...
rT J -
!
What's happening at the moment? Write true sentences.
1 (I / \N:lsh / rny hair) ...r.......tJ.g...H..........
2 (it / snow) ...J..9..9....._QR...JJ.....Q,9......
3 (I / si t / 011 ;) C llair) .....". ........,.. ............. ........,. ..........,... ........,... ......... ............ .......... ........... ..........,.. .......... ............. .......,.. .._.......
4 (I / ca t) ... .......,... ........... ........... ........... .......,.. ............ ............ ...__....... ............. .......... ........,. ........... ........".. .......... ..........,. ........... .............
5 (i t / rai 11) ....... ........... ........... ........,.. .......,... ............ ............ ............. .......... .........,.. ........... .......... ..___.....,. ............ .......... .........,.. ....,..... ....
6 (I / I earll / En gI isll) . ........... ............ ..__.....,.. .........'.. ............. ........,.. .......,.............. ........, ...__.....,.. ........,... .......... .......... ........... .......
7 (I / listel1 / to 111 usi c) ......... .......... ........". ..........,... .....,...... ....,..... ............ ......... ............. .......... ............. .......... .......... .........,. .........
H ( rh e SlIII / sl) i 11 c) ,.... ........... ........,... ........,.. .........,... ........... ,.........,... ........ .........,.. ........... ........... .........,.. .......... ........... ........... ...........
Y (I I \"lea r / sll () cs) ............ ........... ............ .............. ........... ..........,.. .........' ..._...... ............ ............ ..__........ .......... ........... .......... .............
1 () ([ / rea Li / a 11 C\VSl).ll)C 1') .....,. .......... ..........,... ............. ........".. ...._..., __........ ............. ........... .......... .........,... .......,.. ........, ........... .....
[15

UNIT
4
are you doing? (present continuous questions)
A positive questio1l
am am [
he} doing { he doing?
sh.e is \.vorking . she \vorking?
IS
. going?
It gOing It
staYIng staying?
we } { we
you are eir. arc vou ct(.
they hey
. 'Are you feeling OK?' 'Yes, 1'111 fine, thank you.'
. 'Is it raining?"' 'Yes, take ,111 ulnbrella.'
. Why are you \vearing a coat? It's not cold.
. 'What's Pelul doing?' 'lIe's rC:1ding the ne\vspaper.'
. 'Wh..1t are the children doing?' 'They're \-varcbing tc1evision.'
. Look, there's Sally! Whcre's she going?
. Who are you \vairing f{)r? Are YOll \v:1iting for Sue?
B Stud)' tbt> \vord order:
isl are + subject
+
.
-Ing
working today?
working today? (not 'Is \\forking Paul today?')
going?
going? (nol 'Where are going those pcople?')
"Where
Where
Is
Is
are
are
he
Pau1
they
.J
those people
C ShOff ansUJf!t's
Yes, 1 ant.
Yes, { s: } is.
No, ['Ill not.
No, { :;::s 1 [ not. Of
It'S .
{ he }
N 0, se isn't.
{ \Jve }
Yes, YOll are.
they
{ v'le're }
No, you're not. or
th ey're
{ \.\le }
No, you aren't.
they
. 'Are YOll going 110\v?' 'Yes, I ant.'
. 'Is Paul \vorking today?' 'Yes, he is.'
. 'Is it raining?' 'No, it isn't.'
. 'Are your friends staying at a hotel?' 'No, they aren't. They're staying \\lith nle.'
.l16J I am doing => m:J What are you doing tomorrow? =>  questions => UNITS 43-46

-
-.
.
EXERCISES
UNIT
4
........
Look at the pictures and write the questions.
2 (you/go/nov7?) ........,.......
?
..........--...................................................... ..
-... 4.1
'"
Yes, see you
to 111 0 ITO\V.
-
--..
.r"'
"....
r-
4.2
Look at the pictures and complete the questions. Use one of these:
cry eat go laugh look at read
,.....",
,.......
,........,
:'. . _' ". " .. I.
_.. -.. .. 1':-.' .. ..;.....
,'. . .: . :. . : . :, . -,.:,;' ..-}:.(
.:",, - ::<..,,::.
- :..: ......, ";;;' ......t..:..:;. .
- .'. I' ., II' -- ..\);.....-
r:.   '; j ;:, :.r ; :f;.!.'
. !!
1
Whclt ..,.H...9,. ?
Where ........_m........_.
she ,............................. ?
" :.1 '''' [ ' ' ,- ,  ,. ' :. }";'.'
What n............... ,. '. n., };.
. ... -.' y'
- - .............:................. ? . ...
. ".r; '-
,:. .
. . \  \
a. \", \ . , 
. ",'"',r#- 0(' ". .. ..... .. - .... '. r": .- : ." .. ......... "':" _,""
6" .. ."..
What ....................... -' -,'. .' Why ........................ '-..:!.
..:!. ,._..  .\\I!t
. ';.;;, ,;;:\; ,\:  ,' J i I 1 11 : '
:':.;: ..' ,"'\: -f. irl !I
'-. 'tl.......,..,..... '. - .'
.:(.ltI. ,........ .. , (. . '.4 .
_._..r.. ."...........'L..'
"". 3
'" 11."'1'>::'1' .
': :1
:-..,'"
-..
.
'.  - . ... ..
I ..... . ...
 ........
....... r..
. .&......
. ... "c'
'f'. ....
,.'.1 ...
,-.
4 .}., ":\ ..,. :. .", . ......., . '...:-., "." ". ,
. Why ....___.................
. ,
?
--
'"

,...
 .;--i,..:{
,.. 4.3 Write questions from these words. Use is or are and put the words in order.
1 (\vorking / Paul/today?) ..J...Pkrg....?..
2 (\\Thelt / doing / the children?) ...........,g.r...
3 (yo u / Ii stelling / to rne?). .... ............ .......... .............. ............. .......... .......... ............ ......... ........... ........... ........... ............. ......... .......
4 (\:v here / going / yo ur [ricnds?) .......... ............ ................._m.... ...--..... ....--.... ......-................ ..................... .......... ........... .,........
,- 5 (your parents / tclcvi..-;ion / \vatching?) ...........m........__........m_.......__n.......m...................nm..............,.............................
6 (\:\,Ila t / c ()() ki 11 g / AIlll?) .. .........'. ........... ...........,. ..........,... ........... ........,.. .......... ............. .......,. ........... ............. .......... ...__..... ..._....
,..... 7 (\vhy / you / looking / at lue?) ..........................................................................,.........,.........................................................
8 (con lillg / the l) us?) .... ......... ............ ............ ........... ...........,. ............. .n...... ........... ....n..... .......... ............. .......... ............. ..............,...
-
4.4
Write short answers (Yes, I am.! No, he isn't. etc.)
1 Arc you \vatching TV? .....Nl..r...9.t......
2 Arc you \ve,lring a \vatch? ..............................................
3 Arc you eating sOlnething? ............................................
4 Is it rail1i 11 g? ......... ........... ......... ..... ....... ,........... ..........
L.
5 Arc YOll sitting on the Aoor? .........................
6 Arc YlHl feeling \vell? ...,......................................
-
[17

UNIT
5
I do/work/like etc. (present simple)
A
;,( -II
..
"-\ '...,.
\ c  ', ." -',
· 4\
\
l .I"., -
 W I
He's eating an iec-ereanl.
He likes icc-ere "ln1.
, 
-
"
,_.... -- -
...... ""--- :"f__. -"
- -",. f
!jAjJ _ r-;:iOO .! :-_
.., ....... . - _ _ --"' . -1'4>
I  - =--  «-....... v '
<;:: , _ , ..,r/ . ". r .
I .'.  ""'# ./ """"-
'.' -=.?" " ,.'
They're looking at their books.
They read a lot.
They read / he likes / I work etc. = the ]J1"l'snlt silnple:
I/\ve/you/they
he/shc/it
read
reads
like
likes
work
\-vorks
live
] ives
watch
\vatches
do
have
has
does
H,.eIllt'lllber:
he vvorks / she 1ives I it rains ete
. I work in a shop. My brother works in a bank. (rwt 'My brother \\lork')
. Linda lives in London. Her parents live in Scotland.
. It rains a lot in \\linter.
I have  he/she/it has:
. John has a sho\ver every day.
Spelling ( Appendix 5):
-es ..I ftel' -s / -sh I -ch:
-y  -ies:
also:
pass  p..lsses finish  finishes
study -7 studies try -) tries
do -) does go  goes
\vatch --7 \v3tches
B We use the present sinlple for things that .UT true in general, or for things that h..lppen
SOn1.etilnes or all the tinle:
. I like big cities.
. The shops open at Y 0' dock and close at 5.30.
. Tinl works very hard. I-Ie starts at 7.30 and finishes at 8 o'clock in the evening.
. The Earth goes round the Sun.
. We do a lot of different things in our free tilne.
. It costs a lot of nloney to stay at luxury hotels.
C always/never/often/sometitnes/usually + prcsent silupIc
. Sue always arrives at \\lork early. (not 'Sue arrivcs ahvays')
. I usually go to \vork by car but sOlnetilnes I walk. (not 'I go uSUdlly')
. JuIi.l never eats bre.lkf:1St.
. 'fon1 lives ne..lr us. We often see h1n1.
1. 18 1
I don't ... (negative)   Do you ... ? (questions) =>mJ
always/usually/often de. (\rord order)  mD
I aln doing .md I do =>.:J

" 5.1
......... 5.2
..-
---
""'"'
r-
r'
,.....",
- 53
"...
---..
,-..
,...., 5.4
,r
r--.
---
,.....
5.5
-
,-
,....
EXERCISES
UNIT
5
Write these verbs + -s or -es.
1 (read) she ..__r.__.
2 (think) he ...........m....'.........,.....
3 (fly) It ......,...........................
4 (dance) he ................................
5 (have) she ..___........_....................
(-) (fInish) it ......................................
Complete the sentences about the people in the pictures. Use these verbs:
eat go live play play sleep
_A"
,'' -'..
'f.' '0
. * ..
, - -
\ 1 0 I
(I
110.. ..f.
1 ...H..p.... the piano.
2 They........................................ in a very big house.
3 ,......,............................................................... a lot of fruit.
4 .., ....,..... ........, .........., .__.___..... .........' ........... ,........, ,......... tel II lis.
5 ...m...........,....................................__ to the cinen},1 a lot.
6 .....--.....................,.......................... cight hours a night.
Complete the sentences. Use these verbs:
boil close cost cost like
like
speak
teach
wash
tuect
open
1 lVLlrgarct ..p.... four languages.
2 In Britaill the banks usuallv __.........._.......mm............ at 9.30 in the I1H>rnint!_
J ,
3 The City MuscnnJ ..................................,... at 5 o'clock in the evening.
4 TillLI is a teacher. She ...................................... 1l1,1theJllatics to young children.
5 Ivly job is very interesting. I .__...................m..........m ;) lot ufpeople.
() Pctcr ...................................... his hair t \\rice a week.
7 Food is expensive. It .m...'......,....................... a lot of llloney.
H Shoes an::' cX I )ellsive. 'rhev ................................,..... a Jot of 1110ILev.
, ,
9 W1ter .................................._.__ at 100 degrees C,clsius.
10 Ju]ia and I are good friends. I ,.............._...................... her and she .................__......_............ lne.
Write sentences from these words. Put the verb in the right form (arrive or arrives etc.).
1 (ahvays / early / Sue / ,lrrive) -.....y....4:i,.....
2 (basketlxd] / [ / play / often) I ......._.....mm........................................................_......m............,......................................m...
3 (\\'o rk / rv1argaret / lu rd / us 1I ally) .. ..._____.... _______n.... ............ .......... .......... ....._...... ...__..... ..m..... .......,..... ......... .....................
4 (Jenny / .1hv..lYS / nice clothes / \vear) ......................n__............................................................ m .............,...............m......
5 ( J i Ull er / Vlc / h,lve / ,lhvays / at 7.30) .. .......... ............... ...__..... ...m.... ............ .......... ............ .._....... ........... .......... ............
6 (television / T i 111 / \V <.1 tc h / never) ......... .........,..... ........... .......... ....m.... ...__..__.. ........... .................... ............. ...m..................
7 Oi ke / e h oeotl te / c hildre 11 / USu ally) .. ............. ............ .......... ...m..... .......... ............ .......... ......... ............. .......... ..m...........
8 a ulia / parries / eJj oy / al w'a ys) .. .....-...... ...m...... ....m...... ........... .......... ...m.... ....__...... ........... .........,........... ...m.... .............m.
Write sentences about yourself. Use always/never/often/sometimes/usually.
1 (\\fate h television) J..r.t,y', ,....y'.=_j." ,." ,...yk?. ,.#:I,., y9:..{...)
2 (rc a d. ill bed) I ...,. .......... .........".. .......,'... ____..,... ..___...".. ...__....".. ........,... ......... ............ ........, ...n....'. ..__........ .......... ........... ........' ....__...,..
3 (ge t u)) l1e fo re 7 o' c 10 c k) . ........... ............ ........ __.. ..__........ ........... .................,.... .......... ............ ..__...... ........... .......... .......... .............
4 (go to \\70rk/ sc 1100] b y T bu s) ...,. .........., .........,., ....__.....,. ....-....., , .........,. .......... .........,. ....n..'. ..___...." ........,.. ......... ..........,. ........,....
5 ( dr j Ilk co ff(e ) ..,.........,. ........., ...........,. ........,... ...n...'. ...._.....,'.. n.......'... ......,... ........ .........,.. ........,.. .......,.. ........'... ...,..... ,.......,. ........., .....
[19

UNIT
6
A
B
c
[20]
I don't ... (present simple negative)
The present sinlplc neg<ltlVe is don't/doesn't + pcrIJ:
I d..on)t Uke
mHjob.
No) U1o..nks .
I don) t drink
coffee.
. Y",
: /';,-;;.. iiL
'; · - t ' '/J In
, -- _. ....If ..,.
, . ..-....,
. , I 'lltl if'
i r, ,d =,t; '!I! I
.fill. ..... .... ....lllu _
She doesn't drink coffee.
He doesn't like his job.
pOSt (we
tlc,gatlllC
1 work
\\lC like
\lOll do
.I
they have
he \vorks
likes
she does
It has
I
\ve do not
you (don't) \vork
they like
do
he does not have
she (doesn't)
It
. I drink coffee but I don't drink tea.
. Sue drinks tea but she doesn't drink cofl:ec.
. You don't work verv hard.
.I
. We don't watch television very often.
. The \vearher is usually nice. It doesn't rain very often.
. Gerry and Linda don't know I11.U1Y people.
R..e111 enl her:
I/v.,re/you/they
hc/shelit
don't.. .
doesn't.. .
. I don't like football.
. He doesn't like footbalL
. I don't like Fred and Fred doesn't Jikc Jue. (not "Fred don't like')
. My car doesn't use J}1uch petrol. (not 'My car don't use')
. SOine-tilHes he is l.ltc hut it doesn't happen vcrv often.
We llse don't/doesn't + it?jinitille (don't like / doesn't speak / doesn't do etc.):
. [ don't like \\rashing the car. r don't do it very often.
. Sandra speaks Spanish but she doesn't speak Italian. (not 'doesn't spcJks')
. Bil1 doesn't do his job very \\Tell. (not 'Bin doesn't his job')
. P,lula doesn't usually have breakfast. (not 'doesn't... has')
I do/work/like l:tc (pr("::;cnt il1lplc) => m1 Do you... ? (prccnt simplc qucstions) => I!IIJ

EXERCISES
UNIT
6
" 6.1 Write the negative.
1 I play the piano very \-veli.
2 Jane plays the pi31lo very \vell.
3 They kno\\i n1Y phone nU111ber.
4 We \\lurk very hard.
S I-Ie has a bath every dlY.
6 You do the Slnle thing every day.
",......,

""'" 6.2
,......
,......
-
,....,
.........
,-...
",........
6.3

/"'..
6A
-
"
---
,.--
r-
6.5

,.....
--
"....
...!...4Q..p'..,.p'Q..Y.H...:."
J Il e . ........',.. ........,... ......,..........,.. ........,. .........,.. ......... ...---...,.. .......... ........... .............
Study the information and write sentences with like.
BiLL ttnd Rose tike cUtssico..L music,.
...........................................--........---...............................................
eel r() 1 ..,.... ........... ........... .......,.. ......... ....._.....,.. ..__.....,. ..........,.
I ....... ...........' .......... ............ .......... ......... classical 111 usi c.
1
2 Bill and Rose ........................,.................................__......
Carol ..,.. ........... .......,.. .........,. ........,.. ...... .'..,... .......... ...............
I...,.. .......'.. .......... .......... ........... ............ ........... ...___....,. .........' ......
y()H 3
./'" ....
1 classicallTIusic? yes no ?
2 boxi ng? no ves ?
J
3 horror filIns? yes no ?
Write about yourself . Use: I never... or I often... or I don't... very often.
1 (\\latch TV) ) ...!...,....TY..'y!1..Q.."<QR...__y':::.,.QR..,..Q..:::..
2 (go to tll e tl1 CJ tre) ..... ......... .........., ............ .........,'... .......... .........,.. ......... ............ .......... .......... ........... ....___..,... ........., ...............
3 ( ri de ,1 bi C)' c 1 e) ,.. ....._..,.. _____..... .........". ..___....,... .........,.. .......... ........, ............. ........... .......... ........,. ......_.... ............ ........... .....
4 (eat ill res ta urall ts) ... .......... ............ ........... ............ ........., .........,... ......... .......... ....._..... .......... .........,.. ......,..... .......,..... ......". ......
S (tra\'e IllY trai n ) ............ ......... ..........,.. .....,...... ............ ........... .......... ........,. ........., .........'. .........., ..........,. ..........,.. .......... ,......
Complete the sentences. All of them are negative. Use don't/doesn't + one of these verbs:
cost go know read see use wear
1 I buy a nevrspaper every dJY but SOBletiInes [ ..4Q..r.... it.
2 P Jul has a car but he .............................................................. it very often.
3 They like fihns but th ey .............................................................. to the cinel11a very often.
4 Alnancb is 111arried but she .............................................................. a ring.
S [.............................................................. 111uch about politics. ['Ill not interested in it.
l) It's not an expensive hote1. It .............................................................. 1l1uch to stay there.
7 Brian lives near us bu t vve ...........................,.............,................____ hinl vcry often.
Put the verb into the correct form, positive or negative.
1 Margaret ..P..... tour languages - English, French, Gern1Jl1 and Spanish. (speak)
2 I ..M,...... IllY job. It's very boring. (like)
3 'Wherc's Martin?' '1'111 sorry. [ _................,.............................................' (lalO\V)
4 Sue is a very quiet person. She .............................................................. very 1l1uch. (talk)
S J inl .............................................................. a lot of te.l. It's his fJvouri te drink. (drink)
6 [t's not true! I .........._....................._............................. it! (believe)
7 'I'helt's () very beautiful picture. I .............__............................................... it very n1l1ch. (like)
8 NL!rk is a vegetarian. He ....__................................_....................... Ineat. (eat)
[21

UNIT
7 Do you ... ? (present simple questions)
A We use dol does in present silnple questions:
posilitJC
I work
vve like
you do
lhey have
he \vorks
likes
she does
it has
'jHCSfiOI"l
I
\ve
do you work?
they like?
he do?
have?
does she
it
B Study the \\ford order:
dol does + sul?jcc{ + itfinirilJt
Do you work in the evening?
J
Do your friends live near here?
Does Chris play . ?
tennIS.
Where do your parents live?
]-10\'\1' often do VOll wash you r hai r?
J
What does this w"()rd mean?
H OVv 111l1C h does it cost to fly to H...OIne?
J
Questions with always/ usually / often:
Do you always have brcakf.1st?
Does Chris often play tennis?
What do vou usually do at Vv'eekends?
J
What do you do? = What's yourjob?:
. 'What do you dot 'I vvork in 3 hHlk.'
J
c
R..eI11CI11hcr:
do I/\ve/vou/thev...
J J
does he/she/it...
D short a11SHlCrS
. Do they like 111usic?
. Does he like Illusic?
I/\ve/you/they do.
Yes
, hc/shclit does.
(/,ve/vou/thev don't.
No, J J
he/she/it doesn't.
. 'Do YOll play tennis?' 'No, I don't.'
. 'Do your parents speak English?' 'Yes, they do:
. 'Docs George \vork hard?' 'Yes, he does.'
. 'Does your sister Jive in London.' 'No, she doesn't.'
[22] I do/work!1ike etc.  IIII] I don't... (negLltive) =>  lJul..stions => UNITS 43-46

".---
UNIT
EXERCISES
7
..... 7.1 Write questions with Do ...? and Does ...?
-
,I'"
.........
,......
.........
7.2
,-
,,-..
,.-..
,......,
",-..,
"""
........
.....
_. 7.3
"...
,..
"......
-
" 7A
",--
-
1 1 like chocolate. And Y2!:!.?
2 1 pIay tennis. .And YQ!!.?
3 T0J11 pbys tennis. And Ann ?
4 You live ne.1r here. And your friends ?
5 You speak Ellg1ish. And 'lour brother ?
6 I do exercises every 11lorning. And you ?
7 Sue often goes nvay. And Paul ?
8 I \vant to he funous. And you ?
9 You \-\lurk Iurd. And Lind.l?
...J?,.l1Q,,_,,9,f...
............. .........",. }ro II __..,..... ......." ........... ........... ............ .......... ............ .......
............. .......",... fulJl ...,... ____....,.. .......,.. ........... .......,.. .........,............. .........
____a_.._..______.............................___......_____................................................................._..........
.........................-----.......................................................--.....................................................
....... . . . .............. .. .. ............ . ................ . . -...... - -.. . . . ................. . . ............. ..... .. ....oooooo.......................  ...................... . . ............... . . . ...oooo
. . . . . ................ . . . ............... ... . ...oooooo...... . .................... ................. ..... _......  . . ................. . . . ...oooo..oo.... ......................... .............. ... ............
. ..... -.... - -.. . . . ..... - -....... .. ..... -....... . ................. . . . ....oooo..... .. . ............... . . .......... _.. . . ........................ . ......oooooooo.. .. .. . .................. .. .............
Write questions. Use the words in brackets (...) + do/does. Put the words in the right order.
I (\\!here / 1ive I your p.uTnts?) -wn..M--!:J9..r...P..__.r....
2 (you / early / .1hvays / get up?) ..P...H.....g....p....4:f.?_____
3 (ho\v often / TV I you / \'VLltch?) .......................______......___...,..______...........................___..__.....___.....................
4 (yon / \VJnt I \vhat / for dinner?) ______......................................_____....____.._....______.....................__...............____.
S (like / you / football?) ____.. ..._______.... .......... .......... .......... ..______.. ,..____..., ..__........ ........... ....__.. ..___......
6 (yo ur broth er / like / f()otb.-l11 ?) .........__........______.......___.... .....,.................___......_______.. .._____.............. ............
7 (what / you I do I in the evellings?) .......______..,..______....______......................................___......._____.........,.'..............
H (yo ur sister I \.york / \\' here?) ... ........... ..._____... ...__.... .._______... .......... ......... .....___... ..____........_____..... .............
9 ((0 the cinelna / oftell I you / go?) .........................______.....______...._____............................___..........___......__..........
j 0 (\-vhat / 111ean / this \\lord?) .................................______....__.__......______............................_____......______........
1 I (often / sno\-\' / it / here?) ______.....______.....______.........................._____....____.___..............................__........__
12 (go I lIsuaUy / to bed I \vhat tinll' / yon?) ......................___......___......_______.........,...................___......__.........._____..,........
13 (ho\-v 111uch / to phone Ne\v York / it / cost?)
..................... . ..... -...... ................. . ..... -.. .. . .......... -...... . . ............... .. ................. ... .. ............. . .. ...oooooooooo..oo.. ...................... . .................... ... ...........  ................... . . ............... .. . ........oo......... . . .............. . ................... .. . .. .................. . . . .........oo..... . .. ...............
14 (you / for breakf..1st I have / l1slully / \vhLlt?)
.... ............ . . ............. ............................. . .. ........... .. . .. ...oo....oo.... . ..... ...oo........ . .. .. ................ ... ................ . . . ............... . . ...... _.. - - _..... .................. . . . .............. . .........oo....... . . ................ . . ... - _....... . . .. ............... .. . . ...oooo..... . . . . .................. . ....... _.. - ... .......
Complete the questions. Use these verbs:
/if;
y 00 do enjoy go
''t;;j
......
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
I \\lork in a hnokshop.
It's OK.
At <J l)' clock.
SOIlleti111t's.
Usually by bus.
He's a teacher.
Science.
Yes, he loves it.
like
teach
work
start
What ...49.__H9..__49....?
..... .------...... ..---..,.. .------....... ......,..... ............ ...... . it?
WI . . I --
1.lt t1l11e .........................................__.....______......... In t 1e 1110rIllngz-
........ .......,.. ............ ......... ........." ..____....... ..____... () 11 S.l tll r(i,l\'S?
,
H <. )\\l __...... __........ .......... ............. ............ ......__...... .__.. t<.) \\'l) rk ?
And YOli r husband. Wh.lt .........................................................___......?
W}la t ....., .............. ........,... .....,...... ........"... ......" ....... ?
.,.. .......,.. .......... .._.__....... .........".. ..........,.. .......,. Ilis job?
Write short answers (Yes, he does.! No, I don't. etc.).
1 Do you \\TJtch TV .1 lot? ....NQJ...I...n)..:..QR..Y,LL4P.:.........
2 D () Y()ll Ii \ie ill a bi g ci ty? ....... ........,... .......... ...........,... ............ .......,.. ...__...... ........... ......... ........... ........... ..........,.. ........... .......,......
3 1)0 you often ride a bicycle? ....... ........ ................. ..........,. .........., ..__..... ....___.... ........,... ........... ........... ............ .........,. .........,. ......
4 I)oes it rain a lot \\!here YOll live? .......................................................................,....,............___..........................................___.
5 D() )'() II P 1,1 y tIle 11idll ()? ....,.. ............ .......... .............. ............ ........... ........, ........... ............. ......... ........... ........., ............. ........... ........
[23.

UNIT
8
I am doing and I do
(present continuous and present simple)
A
But Jilll has a guitar.
He often pL1ys it and he plays vcry \vcl1.
II
Jirn is \\latching television.
I-Ie is not playing the bruitcir.
JilH plays the guitar
but he is not playing the guitar I}O\.V.
Is he playing the guitar?
Does he play the guitar?
No, he isn't.
Yes, he does.
(prcscnt COlli hIllOl./.S)
(prl'sn1.t simp/e)
B Present continuous (I am doing) - 110\N, at the tilne of speaking:
['m doing
past
NOW
future
. Please be guiet. I'nl \vorking. (UN 'I vv'ork')
. Ton1 is hc\ving a shov,rer at the Il10111ent. (not 'TOIl} has')
. Take an ulubrclla \vith you. It's rJining.
. You can turn off thc telcvision. Pin not \v,ltchin.g it.
. Why are you under the table? What are you doing?
C Prcscnt .')itnplc (I do) - in general, an the tin1C or son1ctin1CS:
...
Ido
..
past
NOW
future
. I work every day fron1 () o'clock to 5.30.
. Ton1 has ,\ sho\.ver every LHorning.
. ,
. It rains ,llot in \vinter.
. I don't watch television very often.
. What do YOll usually do at the \veckend?
D We do not use thesc verbs in the present continuous (I atn -ing):
like
prefer
love
hate
want
need
know
111ean
understand
believe
remember
forget
depend
Use the present silnple only \virh these verbs (I want / do you like? ctc.):
. rnl tired. I want to go hOll1C. (not '1'111 Vv.culting')
. 'Do YOll know that girl?' 'Ycs, but I don't remember her nan1c.'
. I don't understand. What do y")U mean?
[24] present continuous => UNITS 3-4 prcsem simple => UNITS 5-7 present for the fi.lture => maIl

r'
EXERCISES
UNIT
8
8.1 Answer the questions about the pictures.
-
,,-...,
,....".
"'"
.............

'"
8.2
,,-....
"......
--
8.3
r--
"......,
r-
r'
,,-.
,..
,-...
3
))


fi .
" .... ., 
t
1,-<--
..
,--
1 Docs he wke photott1Phs? .>.I:1ucY.>.,.u
What is he doing? ........Y.9.............
2 Is she drivjng a bus? ............................................,................ l)oes she drive a bus? .....__............................................
Wh at is s 11 e (.l() 1 11 g? ,........., ....._...., ........". .........., ............. ............. .......... .......... .......... ........., ...........,. .........., ...........,. .......... ........... ....

3 Docs he c1eJI1 windov"rs? ........___........._............................, Is he cleaning a \vindo\-v? ......__..................................
W11 l tis 11 e do i 11 g? ... __ ...__.., __ ......" ......_..,'.. .__.._.,'. .____....,... .........". ........,.........,.. .......,.. ............ .......,.,.. ........,.. ........... ...__...,.. .......,.. ......
4 Are they teaching? ...............................,..................._........_.. Do they te.1Ch? ........................................_........__.....,.........
Wl1a t do tIley t1o? . .......... .......,... ......,.. ........". .........,.. ............. ........,.. ..__...,.. "__'''''' _____...,.. .......,..... ........., .........,. ........,. ._......,. __.__....,..
Is he taking a photograph? .N9..).....:;.....
Put in am/is/are or do/don'tJdoes/doesn't.
1 Excuse n1C, ..M...... you speak English?
2 'Where's Ann?' 'I ............................,......... kIlo\.v:
3 What's funny? Why...................................... you bughing?
4 'What .........................._.....______ your sister do?' 'She's a dentist.'
5 It ....__................................ raining. I ....................___............... \Vlllt to go out in the rain.
6 'Where ....................,................, you COlne fronl?' 'Canada.'
7 How nluch ...................................... it cost to phone Canada?
8 George is J good tennis player but he ...................................... play very often.
Put the verb in the present continuous (I am doing) or the present simple (I do).
1 Excuse Ine. . f?..H9...P.... (you I speak) English?
2 'Where's '[(,)1117' '...H......hY'.g.... (he/have) a sho"\ver.'
3 ..I...49......... (1/not/\\lcltch) television very of tell.
4 Listen! SOll1ebody ........_.......................................................... (si ng).
5 Sandra is tired. ................................................_____........__..__ (she I \.vant) to go hOln<:, no\v.
6 Ho\v often .......................................___....................___.. (you/recKl) a llC\Vsp.lper?
7 'Excuse Ine but ................................................................... (you/sit) in IllY pl..1ce: 'Oh, 1'111 sorry:
H I'ln sorry, .............................,..................................... (II £loti understand). Can you speak In ore slowly?
9 J t's late. ................................................................... (I I g<)) h0111C 110\V. ..................................................................................
(youl cOBle) \.vith nle?
10 What tilne .. ..................................................................................... (vour Lither I finish ) \york in the evenin g s?
., L
11 You CJn turn off the radio. ............................................................___.... (I/not/llsten) to it. .
12 'Where's Paul?' 'In the kitchen. .......................................................__.......... (hel cook) sOI11.cthing.'
13 Martin .................,...................................................................... ................................. (n otl USUJIly I drive) to vvork. He
........ ........... ......... ........... .......... .....,.... ......., (usually I w'alk) .
14 Sue ............................................................ (not/like) coffee. ............................................_................ (sh cl prefer) tea.
[25

UNIT
9 I have .../I've got ...
A You can say I have or I've got, he has or he's got:
I (I've got)
\ve have got (\ve've got)
you (you've got)
they (they've got)
J
he (he's got)
she has got (she's got)
It (it's got)
I
\ve have
YOll
they
he
hc has
It
OR
OR
. I've got blue eyes. (or I have blue eyes.)
. TilIl has got t\\'O sisters. (or TiIl1 has tvvo sisters.)
. au I' car has got four doors.
. Diane isn't feeling \/dI. She's got a head.lche. (she's got = she has got)
. They like aninlals. They've got a horse, three dogs and six cats.
B I haven't got I have you got? ete.
n.cRc1ti1Je
I
\!\'e have not
you (haven't)
they got
he has not
she
(hasn't)
It
question
I
have \\'e
vou
J
they got?
J
he
has she
It
short answers
T
Yes, \ve have.
No, you haven't.
they
J
Yes, he has.
she
No, ha sn 't.
it
. I've got a IDotor-bike but I haven't got a car.
. Mr lnd Mrs Harris haven't got any children.
. It's a nice house but it hasn't got Lt garden.
. 'Have YOll got a carnera?' 'No, I haven't.'
. 'What have you got in your hclg?' 'Nothing. It's elupty.'
. 'Has Ann got a car?' 'Yes. she has.'
. What kind of car has she got?
C I don't have I do you have? etc,
In negatives and questions you can also use dol does. .. :
. They don't have L:tny children. (= They haven't got allY children.)
. It's a nice house but it doesn't have J garden. (= it hasn't got 3 gJrden)
. Does Ann have a car? (= Has Ann got Ll clr?)
. Ho\:v 111uch rnoney do. you have? (= HO\\l luuch n10ney have YOll got?)
had / didn't have (past) => UNITS 11'!12 have breakfast / have a shower etc. => miJ
[2f>] some/any => 

I" 9.2 Write questions.
1 (you / an ulnbrcll:1?)
2 (you / ,} P,lssport?)
3 (your father / a car?)
4 (Carol / lllany friends?)
5 (you / any brothers or sisters?)
6 (ho\v nUlch I1lonc)' / \ve?)
7 (\\That / lcind of CJ" / Julia?)
--
---
. .......
-. 9.1
-
"......,
,-....
9.3
,.-.
/"-
,-...
r'
/"-
EXERCISES
UNIT
9
Write the short form (we've got / he hasn't got etc.).
1 \ve have got ..,.X..9P.t.. 3 the)' hJve got ............................
2 he has got ................................... 4 she has not got ........................
5 it h.-Is got ...................__....................
6 I h,lve not got .............................
....H,Y.'..H..-99...,..,rr....
..........................................................-..................................................................................................
.......................................................................-.................................................................................
...........----........-.........................................--........--..........------..................................-----.............-.........-....
-.........----.........-..-.........--.....................................................-..--..-........----......................................---.............-...
-.......-----.........--..-........-----......---..................................----........----.......---.-.........................-..........--..
What has Tina got?
What have you got?
Look at the information
and write sentences
about Tina and
yourself.
you?
M?
 ?
,?
1 (.1 Cll11era) "..T....9t.........JY.--9P.(QR....L.,.J..99)......:..,...........................
2 (a l)i cy c I e) T ilia __..... ........... ..._...,.. ........,. .........,... ............. .......... ........... ........,. ........., ............. ........,.. .......... ............. ........... .........,.. ....
3 (I () n g h air) .......,. .......... ........... ......,............. .......,... ............ __.___..... .......... .......... ..........". ........,.. .......... .___.__..,.. _........... ............ .......... .......
4 (l1r() tll e rs / sis tcrs) " ......".. .......,... ......... ............ ........." .........",. ........". .........,. ........... ...................... ........,. ........... .............. .......,.... ......
.....-.....---......--......---.....---.......---.......---........----......-.---........---.........--..............................................-........--..-.......---.........--.....................................-----.....----.....
9.4 Put in have got ('ve got), has got ('S got), haven't got or hasn't got.
1 Sarah ..h.9.... a car. She goes every\vhere bv bicvclc.
) 4... " ""
2 Thev like .-lJlinlals. l"hev ..Y...9P...... three do g s and t\!O cats.
 J ..
3 Ch..lrles isn't h,IPPY. He ...._................................................. a lot of problcI11s.
4 Thcy don't read IJluch. They ..............__...........................,.......... Juan)' books.
5 ' W . I ' ?', I I ..,
. lclt s \vrong. ...................................................... SOllll"t lIng In nlY eye.
6 ' WI ' ;:>' ' I 1 ' I I . 
lere S lilY pen. can t 1\..110\\'. ...................................................... It.
7 Julia \vants to go to the concert but she ...................................................... ,l ticket.
.r--
,-...
"...... 9.5
.-
Complete the sentences. Use have/has got or haven't/hasn't got + one of these:
a lot of friends four \vheels six legs ft-h C<ld,H- le a toothache J key Il1uch tinle a gdnlcn
"..

1 rIll not feeling very \:veJl. I .Y...9.t?....h..
2 It's.-) nice house but it .,n.....9.9....9...._
3 M ()st ca rs .._._.,... ..__....,. ........,. .........,. ............ ........,... ............. .........,... ........... .......... ........,. ............ ........... ........,. ............. ..._....... ........... ....,
4 Ever)' l)()d y likes T(n 11. I-I e ......,.. ............. .......... ............. ............ ......... ............ ............ .......... ........... ........... ............. .......... .......
5 1'111 g oin g to the dentist this 1110rning. I ...............................................................,......................................._............,...
.. .....
6 He call't O}1e 11 tIle d 00 r. He............ ............ .............. ........... .................... ,...._................. .......... ........... ............. ..._.....,. ...........
7 All lrlsec t ..,... .___...... .......,. _ .___...".. ........,... ........,.. .......,.... ......"... .......,...,... .................... ........". ........,. ......,...., ........... ........... .........,. ........,..
8 We 111USt Illlrrv. We _..... ...._...... ............ .........". ..........". ........... ............. ........ ...........,. .......... ............ ........., .......... ....._....... ........ ....
J .
[27

UNIT
10


A


B


was/were


LAST NIGIIT
c _ , L t -


NOVl Robert is at \\7ork.


At tnidnight last night he
wasn't at \.vork.


He was in bed.
He was asleep.




,.






al11/is (present)
 was (past):
. I am tired. (no\v)
. Where is Ann? (no\\,7)
. The \
leather is good today.
are (present)
 were (past):
. You are late. (no\v)
. They aren't here. (no\.v)


I was tired last night.
Where was Ann yesterday?
The \'\leather was good last week.


You were late yesterday.
They weren't here last Sunday.


positivc


11 cg a ti IJ(!


question


I
he
she was
It
\\le
you were
they


I
he was 110t
she (wasn't)
It
\ve were not
vou (weren't)
J
they


I?
he?"
was she?
it?
..,
\
lC -:
were you?
they?


. Last year Rachel was 22, so she is 23 no\.v.
. When I was a child, I was afraid of dOf,TS.
. We were hungry after the journey but \ve weren't tired.
. 'The hotel was cOll1fortable hut it wasn't expensive.
. Was the \\7eatller good \vhen you were on holiday?
. Those shoes are nice. Were they expensive?
. Why were you late this ll1.orning?


C short answers


I1he/she/it was.
Yes,
\ve/you/thcy were.


I/he/she/it wasn't.
No,
\ve/you/they weren't.


. 'Were you late?" 'No, I wasn't.'
. 'Was Ted at \\lork yesterday?' 'Yes, he was.'
, ,
. 'Were Sue and Steve at the party?' 'No, they weren't.'


[28] am/is/are => mil I was doing => m:EI




---
-..10.1
."'-",
r--,
.-.....
,--...
",.........
,......,
.., 0.2
",.........
.-......
.,,-....
r---

.---10.3
,,--...
,,-
10.4
r"

,,---...
_.
,-
,.,-.
----
UNIT
EXERCISE'S
10
Look at the pictures. Where were these people at 3 o'clock yesterday afternoon?
1
(;EORGE
1 __r9J'?,,,,,,,,,,
2 Carol and Jack .........................,.......................,....--..,...,
3 Sue,. ........ ........ ........ ,........ ......" ........., .......... ...---..-" ,--------.....
4 ,..__...," ..__...'" ......"" ........,. ...........' ........... ............ ............ ........",....
5 ,...-..,," ..--..., , ....-..",' ...--..." ,.-......" ........... ............. ..........., .......""....
6 AI1d Y()ll? I ____.... ...._...... ........... ............. ............. .......... .....
Put in am/is/are (present) or was/were (past).
1 Last vear she ..__ 22, sO she .,_. 23 no\v.
J
2 Today the \veather __..._____......___.... nice, but yesterday it ....................... very cold.
3 I _____.._____....___.... hungry: Can I have s0l11cthing to cat?
4 r fed fine t.his TIlorning but I ....................... vcry tired last night.
S Where ....................... you at 11 o'clock last Friday Illorning?
6 Don't buy those shoes. They ______....______......_ very expensive.
7 1 like your nc\v jacket. ....________...______.. it expensive?
- Th " 1 . 1 . L > .
 IS tl1l1e ast year .__.............,...... 111 ans.
9 'Where .....,.............. the children?' '[ don't knO\\l. They _.........__......... in the garden ten (1)jnutes ago.'
Put in was/were or wasn't/weren't.
1 We \7eren't happy \vith the hotel. Our rOOIU ..... very slnall and it ....... very clean.
2 George ....................... at \\lork Jast \veek because he ....,.................. ill. He's bettcr no\v.
3 yesterday......................, a puhlic holiday so the shops ..________...._____.... dosed. They're open today.
4 '.... ....,......... on._ SHe and Bill at the party?' 'Su e .__._._..,.. ,..____.... there but Bill ______..________. ,__.__ .'
5 'Where are 111Y keys?' 'I don't kno\\7. They....................... on the table but they're not there no\\/.'
6 You ....................... at hOIllC last night. Whcre ........_.....,........ you?
Write the questions. Use the words in brackets (...) in the correct order + was/were.
1 (late / you / this nlorning / \\rhy?)
,..H.... .HQ.. ,....9 .?..--...
2 (difficult / your exun?)
The traffic Vias bad.
No, it \vas easv.
J
3 0ast \veek / v./here / Ann and Chris?)
They \vere on holiday.
4 (your ne\\' calnera / ho\v 1l1uch?)
Sixty pounds.
:J (angry / YOll / yesterday / vvhy?)
Because YOll ,:vere late.
6 (nice / the \:veather / last \\reek?)
Yes, it \vas beautiful.
f29J

UNIT
1'1


worked/got/went etc. (past simple)


A


They watch


television every evening.
(present simple)


/


T'hcy watched television yesterday evening.
(past simple)


watched is the j)(lSt simple:
I/\ve/vou/thcv
J . \vatchcd
hc/shelit


B The past silnple is often -ed (n:J!.lIlar verbs). foor exaInple:


\vork
 \vorked
stay
 stayed


dean
 cleaned
arrive
 arrived


start
 started
dance
 danced


. I c1eallIny teeth every 11lorning. 'This 1110rning I cleaned Iny teeth.
. Terrv "\vorked in a bank f'"OIll 19R6 to 1993.
J
. Yesterday it rained all rnorning. It stopped at lunchtinlc.
. We enjoyed the party last night. We danced a lot and talked to a lot of people.
The party finished at rnidnight.
SpdUl1g (=> Appcndix 5):
try
 tried study
 studied copy
 copied
st.op
 st.opped plan
 planned


C S0l11C verbs arc irregular (= not regular). The past. sinlple is not -ed. Here are SOIIle inlportant
irregular verbs (see also Appendix 2-3):


begin
 began fall
 fell leave
 left sell
 sold
break broke find found lose lost sit sat
bring brought fly flew nuke luade sleep slept
build built forget forgot 111 cet l1"1et speak spoke
buy bought get got pay paid stand stood
J
catch caught gIve gave put put take took
corne came 0'0 went read read / red/* ten told
to
do did have had nng rang think thought
drink drank hear heard say said \Vll1 won
eat ate kno\v knew see saw \vnte wrote


* pronundation


. I usually get up carly but this Illorning I got up at 9.30.
. We did a lot of w'Ork yesterday.
. Caroline went to the cinerna three tilues last \veek.
. Jinl came into the rOOln, took off his coat. and sat do\vll.


[30] was/Vlere ==> I!mIII) I didn't... ; Did you... ? (negative and questions) => I!I:IiIfJ ago =::) mIl




r-
..--
,-
11.1
-.
"
............
,,-..,
,,-....
11.2
,,-....
,......,
UNIT
EXERCISES 11
Complete the sentences. Use one of these verbs in the past simple:
elean die enjoy finish happen open rain start stay want
1 [...... IllY teeth three titHes yesterday.
2 It \\las hot in the n...10n1, so I ..........................--.......... the \vindo\v.
3 The concert ....'.mm..m__....'._____....m_ at 7.30 and __........._______....____m..'.m__ at 10 0' cIock.
4 When I \vas a child, I __..'m_.__'..____m....______...,.. to be a doctor.
5 The accident ..................................,... last Sunday afternoon.
6 It's a n.ice day toda v but Y esterdav it ......................,............... .111 day.
,,1 J "
7 We ....................,..........__..... our holiday last year. We .m._........__...................... at a very nice place.
H Ann \ grandftther _...,._____...,____......_____._..m_ \vhen he was <YO years old.
L _
Write the past simple of these verbs.
1 get ..9g..... 4 pay ..__..........__m......m..
2 see .........___.....___...m_._.. 5 visit ._____..__.._____.....______
3 play _...._____..._____....____.. 6 buy.............................
7 g-() .....__.........................
L
8 think _......____.....,______..
9 copy __....______......______..
10 know _____..._____..."'___m.
11 put .............__m_.....______.
12 '\peak ..........................,
r
11.3 Read about Lisa's journey to Madrid. Put the verbs in the correct form.
r-"o..
r"
,r-..
r
"'"'
/"""
,.-.

r"- 11.4
,.........
,-..
r--
11.5
..........,
,......
,.-.."
Last Tuesday Lisa (L) .__ fIoln London to Madrid. She (2) __......___._....________ up
at six o'clock in the 1110rning and (3) ......................,.. a cup of cofFee. At 6.30
she (4) .......____..'m.....___ honK' and (5) .........____....._______ to the airport. When she
(6) ......m....___......___, she (7) _....______....______.... the car and then (H) ______...______......____ to the airport
cafe \vhere she (9) ......................... break[1st. Then she (10) .............._____...... through
passport control and (11) ......................... for her flight. 'rhe pl,ane (12) .............._____......
on tinlC and (13) __....______...,____..... in Madrid tv\"o hours bter. Finally she
(14) .___.....____......____.. a taxi ii-onl the airport to her hotel in the centre of Mcldrid.
flv (yet
_, t">
have
leave, drive
arrive, park, go
llavc. go
\vait, depart
arnve
take
Write sentences about the past (yesterday / last week etc.).
1 Jilll ahvays goes to \\lork by car. Yesterday ..h........Qr...!:I...,
2 Itachc1 often loses her keys. She .___....,________......____m.....___m....'.m___..'.m___..................................................m last week.
3 Kate nlects her fricnds every evening. She ______...._______....,.______..'._m...'...m......................... yesterday evening.
4 I usuallv buv two ne\vs p a p ers everv dav. Yesterdav I .. __......__._........___...,...______....___m.....m.......................................
J ./ J J J
5 We usually go to the cinelna 011 Sundays. Last Sunday \ve ...._____........_____...______.....___m......__...............................
6 I eat an orange every day. Yesterday ] ...........................................................................m......__.___.......______....___......______.......
7 Tonl ahvays has a sho\ver in the nl0rning. 'T'his I1lorning he ......................................................._____...,..______..___
8 ()ur friends COBle to see'lls every friday. They .....____......._____....________...._______....m___.......................... last Friday.
Write sentences about what you did yesterday.
I .J..p...P...H.m
2 .". .__.." ........... ......... ......... ........,. .......". ..__...." ,.__.....", ..__.__.." ,.______.
3 ." ......" ........... ......... ......... ........', ........ .........., , ...____...,' .__.....", ...____..
4, ." ..__.__.." ,.__.....". ........... ........... .......... ........., .....____". ._____..,. ...____..,
...
.:1 .", ....__..". ........", ........... ........... ........". ..__....,'. .____..'" ._____..,.. _______..
6 .",. ..__...,,' ........". ............ .......... ........., ......__.., ,...__...,. ._._.__..,. ______.,.
[31

UNIT
12
Ididn't... Didyou...?
(past simple negative and questions)
A
We llse did in past sinlP1c negatives and questions:
ir!/ill itil'C positilJe
play I p1ayed
s ta rt \rC' started
\va tc h yOll \.\latched
have they had
see he saw
do she did
go It went
ncgatilJc
] phy
\ve start
YOll did not \\ratch
they (didn"t) have
he see
she do
It go
B dol does UJrCserll) ---1 did (past):
. I don't \vatch television very often.
. I didl1't \,vatch television yesterday.
. Does she often go a\vay?
. Did she go a\vay last week?
C We use did/didn't + infl11iti1Jc (watch/play/go etc.):
I \.vatched but I didn't watch (1lot 'I didn't \'latched')
they went did they go? (not 'did they vvent?')
he had he didn't have
you did did you do?
. J played tennis yesterday but I didn't win.
. 'Did you do the shopping?' 'No, I didn't have titue.'
. We went to the cinCllla but \\lC didn't enjoy the fi1n1.
D Study the \\lord order in questions:
did + su/!jC{{ + irlil1ifilJc
Did your sIster phone you?
What did YOll do yesterday evening?
Hov,," did the accident happen?
Where did your parents go for their holiday?
E short (In.-HIJf'rs
Yes,
I/\ve/you/they
hc/shc/it
No,
l/\'le/you/they
he/she/it
did.
. "Did you see Joe yestercl.1y?' "No, I didn't.'
. 'Did it rclin on Sunday?' 'Yes. it did.'
. 'Did Helen cOlne to the party?' 'No, she didn't.'
. 'Did your parents have. a good holiday?' 'Yes, they did:
[32] worked/got/wcnt ete. (past sil.npl.c) ==> mil
question
I pL1Y?
we start?
you \\latch?
did they have?
he see?
she do?
tt go?
didn't.

r
........
""' 12.1
.r'
/"""'..
EXERCISES
UNIT
12
Complete these sentences with the verb in the negative.
1 I sa\.v Barbara but I .._t:...... Jane.
2 They \\forkcd on Monday but they .._____.......______.__.....______....._____._..._____ on Tuc:sd.:lY.
3 We Vllcnt to the post oalce but we .......____........_____........______....________..__ to the bank.
4 She had a pen but she ...............................,...................... any paper.
S Jack did French at school but he ............................................'......... (;ennan.
.,,-...,
12.2 Write questions with Did...?
r---..
,.....
,- 12.3
/'"""
'"'
.,,-...
1 I \vatched TV last night. And you?
2 I enjoyed the party. And you?
3 I had a good holiday. And you?
4 I finished \.vork early. And you?
5 I slept \.veJllast night. And yon?
...P..H-.-..,.TY.....?.......,.
What did you do yesterday? Write positive or negative sentences.
1 (\vatch TV) ...I..._..TY_...9.J...t:.,..1Y......
2 (get up befi)re 7 ()' dock) I ...______.....________......______.......______......___........_m........m....................................................................
3 (have a sllo\ver) __.. ....______." ,..._____"". ..______."". ...___..'" ....__..., ...______".. .______... ______..__., ..---...., , , ..._m..."'. ............ .............
4 (lJll Y a 111agazille) ..." ............ .........".. ..........,., .........." .........,. ........" .....----.... ..--------, ---------.,. ..-----...". ..........", ..............
5 ( ea t III eat) .... ........... ............. ............, ...........,. ........". ........". ......__.., ....._.__.,. .._______., ..--------., , , ..._......,' ...........'....
6 (go to be(! before 1 (). 3()) ... ........... ............. ............... .......... ........... ............. ............ ........,.. ........., ,.......___... ...____....... ..._....... ,.n
12.4 Write B's questions. Use:
r.
r--
r-

r'"
,-...
"
r
,,-,12.5
,-..
,,-.
r-.
,r--
.
arrive
go to bed late
stay
.
WIn
happen
have a nice tin"le
cost
go
1 A: We \.vent to New York last rllonth. S A: We carBe hOHle hv tJ.xi.
...g..!i,.....?.. ,
B: Where B: T-Io\.v nUlch ;>
............................--...........------....-------
A: With sonle fi-iends. A: Ten pounds.
2 A: I \vas late this rllorning. 6 A: I'lll tired this I1lorning.
B: What titlle ;> 13: ?
............................................................. ..............................---........................--------..-..------.......---_....
A: I-lalf past nine. A: No, but I didn't sleep very \\I'eJ!.
3 A: I played tennis this afternoon. 7 A: We \vent to the beach yesterday.
B: ..., 13: ;>
'"
...............................--......................--...........---..............--........ . ................................................................--...............----........----
A: No, I lost. A: Yes, It \vas grcclt.
4 A: I had a nice holiday. 8 A: The \vindo\\l is broken.
B: Good. Where ? B: I lo\v ;>
............................_........w..__.......www .........................................a___a_.......______...........
A: 'To the- 111ountains. A: I don't kno\\r.
Put the verb in the correct form - positive, negative or question.
<:lUln) t .
1 We \.vent to the cineIlla but the fihll \vasn't very good. We .----......m--.....9... it. (enjoy)
2 Tinl __......___................................ sonle ne\v clothes yesterday - t\vo shirts, a jacket and a pul1over. (buy)
3 '.............................................................. yesterday?' 'No, it "vas a nice day' (rain)
4 The party \\rasn't very good, so \VC mm.......mm........mm........m.................. long. (stay)
S It \\ras very \Varnl in the roO Ill, so I .........___m............__..........___.................... a \\rindo\v. (open)
6 ' 1 - ) ' j h b k I '. .;>' ' N [ . ' (1 )
_ lU you go to t e an t 11S 111ornlllg. 0, ___.......m........______................................... tnne. lave
7 'I cut 111Y hand this 11lorning.' 'Ho\v .....m_.m.......m.........mm......................., that?' (do)
[33

UNIT
13
I was doing (past continuous)
A

--
.
f:1 NOV.! () O'CLOCK
\J2} l.-
It is 6 0' clock 110\\/.
Sarab is at hOllle'.
She is ,vatching television.
At 4 o'clock she wasn't at h0I11(:'.
She was at the sports dub.
She was playing tennis.
She wasn't watching tdcvision.
..............................................
.:::::::' 3 :. ,::: o. ::.:::. O ; ..<:::,.,::
........ ..... ". '..........
.. - ... ......
....... .... .........
.. ..- . -....
.... ..'.'
....... ..(. .. ,". .........
"""'1"''''''
she began
playing
.............-.......
S F 4 :'>+ o. <' Q "::<:m
.. .....
. . .. . .
:::=::::::..:.:._. ....-::::
 "  ,>""mm l/
l:Jljl:il.il1!iJ:!
B was/were + -ing is the past rontinuous:
positil'C
I
he doing
'she was
\vatc)ung
It ptrying
.
\ve ru n lung
you were Ii ving
they etL
UC}.?c1fi1JC
I
he was not doing
she (wasn't) v....atching
It playing
\ve rU111ung
were not living
)lO11 (weren't)
they efe
. !f::4::.i.of1:
,,"'[ "1'''''''
she stopped
playing
qu{'stiofl
r
h doing?
was she
\\latching?
it playing?
vile running?
were you Ii ving?
they efe.
. What were you doing at '11.30 yesterday? Were yon working?
. 'What did he say?' 'I don't kllOVv'. 1 wasn't listening:
. I t was raining, so \\lC didn't go ou t.
. In 1985 \ve were living ill Canada.
. Today she's \rearing a skirt. but yesterday she was wearing trousers.
. I \voke up early yesterday. It \vas a beautiful Illorning. The Slln was shining and the
birds were singing.
Spelling (live ----71iving / run ----7 running / lie  lying ele.) ===> AppelH.1ix 5
C am/is/ are + -ing (present)  was/were + -ing UJast}:
. PIn \vorking (no\v). I was vv'orking at 10.30 last night.
. It isn't raiping (no\\7). It wasn't raining ,.vhen \ve \vent out.
. What are you doing (now")? Wh€lt were yon doing at three o'clock?
[34] was/were => mI!J I was doing and I did (past continuous and simpJe) => mIl

.--
...-
13.1
-.
,-..
/'"'0.
,,-.
r--
,......
/""""'.
;-0..
-....
13.2
r"
r-
r"'-

,......
/""
EXERCISES
UNIT
13
Look at the pictures. Where were these people at 3 o'clock yesterday afternoon? And what were they
doing? Write two sentences for each picture.
]
watch a filtH
1 ..A....,..,.9.....,?,,,..g..IY...,
2 Carol and Jack n_..... 'n___......____...., ...___....., ,........., ............. .............. They .--...., , ,..._____.., ,.._____.... ,........... ............. .....m... ...m._____
3 T<.) III __.. "___'" .......,. ..___.." ------.., , .._____..,. __.____...,.. ..---..., , ..__......".. .n.......'.. ............ ........... ........... ........." ..____...... ..____..."... .......", ............... ........,
4
5
(;
.........................................................................................---.........--.........--.-----...----------.....-----........--...............................----........------........---...................
And you?
I ......,. .n....." ........" ...........,. ........,... .........,.. .........", ..........,. ........." ,____...., ,__.___...,' ...n......' , ........... ............. ........."" ..__.........__
Sarah did a lot of things yesterday morning. Look at the pictures and complete the sentences.
H.tO - 8.25
it.30 - 12.00
1 At 9.4 5 ,...,......,9...,...':m.
2 At 11.45 she .......n................................................,.............
3 At 9 0 ' clock ... ..m_.... ,___.__..., ...___.........___...., ...____..... ...mm...
4 At 12.50 ....,.......................,.........,......____.__......__......,..........
5 At S.15 ____...________......n....................................__.........._______..
() At 1. (). 3(J .... ........... ...____.... ______....... .............. ............ .........,..
13.3 Complete the questions. Use was/were -ing. Use what/where/why if necessary.
,,-..
,r---...
,-.
1 (you/Jive) ...,.H9,...9.... in 1990?
2 (you / do) m...__..______...______.....______........__........___....... ................. at 2 0' clock?
3 (it/rain) .................................................................__.. \\rhen you got up?
4 (Ann/ drive) ............................,.......................................................... so [1st?
5 (T'ilu/w'edr) __.......__..........__.......nm..........................,..... .1 suit yesterday?
In [ olldon.
r \.vas asleep.
No, it \vas suuny.
Because she \vas in a hurry.
No, .1 'T-shirt aodjeans.
,"" 13.4 Look at the picture. You saw Joe in the street yesterday afternoon. What was he doing? Write positive or
negative sentences.
r-
"
--..
-
"r-.
,.-..
1 (\vear / J.jackct) .........9,Jj........
2 (carry / a bag) ...........---......---____.....mm...............................mm.......____m...mm......
3 (go / to the dentist) ...................m___.......m...'...m..................................m.........
4 (eat / an ice-CJTd1l1) .........................................____........___..............................,....
5 (carry / an ulnbrclla) ..........................m.......____................,...............................
6 (go / 11 01 I} e) _....... .n........ ..........,.. ............. .......... ..........,.. .______...... ............ .......... ......
7 (\vear / a hat) ... ...._...... ..mm... .............. ........... .........., ...__......... .n_.....' ....m..... .........
8 (ride / a bi cycle) ...... .___....... ............ ........... ............. ...__...... ..____...., .....m.... ...........
Hi,. I) m .90mg
snopp U1 9 .
[3:

UNIT
14
I was doing (past continuous) and
I did (past simple)
A
r .
'f'» '
"..., ,,\ J,'
'CO '
'w ,.n'
1;  t . _. .".
....... ;. ;. .'
? "  ./
If'..... '..:.'."'.' ..,.. .I-i.h"-"../ 1-'
;. ... ,,"' -..
I ;'.E1 ...
__ ,t"':';/_V
. .... . -. , "
... .,,t' - .
- .".. ,
:- '  . '.
--= .,','
.   ;
I, ;  . ..  .:
.., : t . :
.,
"'; I I
Jack \vas reading l book. The phone rang.
-I
HeLLo!
-dJ
" ,
 . '". (
;: .1'.: .;
, ,
.f

.
I Ie stopped reading.
He ans\/ered tnc phone.
What happened? rrhe ph()llt. rang. (past sirnple)
\Vhat was Jack doing \vhen the phoue rang? ) /, . . " ) .
H d " l k J ,pa.\llOn.fl/1.UOHS
e was rea 109 a )00 T.
\X1hat did he do \:vhcll the phone rang?
J h: stopped reading and answered thl' phone.
-
Jack began readiug hrOfC the phone rang.
So: When the phone rang, he was reading.
} (past simplc)
he began tile phone he stopped he answered
reading rang reading tile phone
-
--.---.-'HE WAS READING ._,-- -- - ..---.......--.--- ....
-
B past _,;irnplc
. A: \X/hat did vou do vesterdav nlornin1-!?
J J ,J '-)'
B: We played tennis. (fi-c>ll) 10 to 11.30)
begmnmg end
(10 o'clock) (11 .30)
I \. .J I
v
"ve payed
(complete action)
. Jack read a book yesterday. (= fi'onl
bco'innin cr to end )
b b
. Did VOll watch the filtn on television
,
last night?
. It didn't rain \\lhile "le \:vere on holiday.
past continuous
. A: What were YOll doing at 10.30?
13: We were playing tCIUlis.
beginning
(10 o'clock)
1 -.- -
" \
, , I /
: v,te were &ptaying
(unfinished action)
-
"
"
"e
..
. Jack was reading a book \\rhen the
phone rang.
. Were you watching te1evision \\lhen I
phoned you?
. It wasn't raining \v hen I got up.
. I started \7vork at 9 o'clock and finished at 4.30. At 2.30 I was working.
. It was raining "vhen \\re went out. (= it started raining bfore vve \\lent out)
. I saw Lucy and Steve this t1Jofning. They were waiting at the bus stop.
. Jenny fen asleep \\lhile she was reading.
[361
I did (past simple) => UNITS 11-12
I was doing (pa\j[ continLioLls) => mEI while => mI!]

--
.-
-14.1
----
r-..
.........
,....."
"""
"......
r--

".-..
r-
..-,14.2
"........
r-
,...
r.
"".........
,r.
--
,,-..
r
-
--...
EXERCISES
UNIT
14
Look at the pictures and put the verbs in the correct form, past continuous or past simple.
Carol ...r.k...... (break) her ann last
vlcek. It ...... ............. ................___..... ,...__.__.... (113 ppen)
\\1 hen she ............ .......... .............. ..______.... ..______ (pai nt)
her r00111. Sh c ___...... .......,... .............. ............. .........
(Call) 0[[ the ladder.
2
... .'.. ,;
. ..,
\ '='
. 
,,
'
'.!;\<-; /
-,
., : 1 ... ,
The tr din _____.....___n__....._m..... '.___m................. (a rrive)
at the station and Paub .....__.___...................__...........
(get) off. Tvvo £i-iends of hers, John and
Jenny, ...___..... ..._____..... ..____..... ..______..... ..._____ (\-va it) to
I1leet her.
Yesten.1av Sue ...______", ..._n___' ,....__.....,............ '........
,
(\valk) along the road \vhen she
..n.., ,.______.... ..______.., ..______.... _______..,..__ (n1eet) Jilll.
lIe .....................................,..........,...__.. (go) to the
station to catch a train and he
........................................................ (carry) a bag.
They ....._____.......______......______......___m......m (stop) to
talk for a fe\\' Illinutes.
Put the verb into the past continuous or past simple.
1 A: What --.-.H--.4P.9..... (you/do) \\'hen the phone .....r.9... (ring)?
B: I .......9..... (\\Tatch) television.
2 A: Was Jane busy \\rhen you \vent to see her?
B : Yes, sh e .. ....___.... ....__.......___...... .._____..... ..._____. ...__.______.... .____ (s tu dy) .
3 A: What tinle ,.._____........___.......................................................... (the post / arrive) this ulorning?
B: It........ ........... ............ .......... ............ ........... (co III e) \\lh i1c 1.......... ............. .......... ............. ........... ...... (have) breakfast.
4 A: Was Marg.lret at \\lurk today?
L3: No, she __..................___.........__..........__.........................__..., (not/go) to \vork. She \vas ill.
=> A: Ho\\' [1St ..............mn........mm..mm.m....m.._.........._mm..... (you/drive) \vhen the police
...m.......mm...m_.......______....______.__. ...._____.......________ (stop) you?
B: I don't kno\-v exactly but I .m..........m...................................m...........__......... (not/drive) very [1st.
6 A: .._____..............m..................................................... (your teanl / \\fin) the footballinatch yesterday?
B: No. the \\feather vvas very bad, so \ve ............................................................................. (not/play).
7 A: Ho\:v ...........................................................__...........m.. (you/break) the \:vindo\v?
13: We.. .......... ........... ......n...' .........., '..._._n..... ...__n..... ..... (pIa)l) f()()tball. I ..... ......n..... .........., ....__....... ............ ........... ...........,
(kick) the ball and it .................mm....'mmm....'...m___........m.....mm..' (hit) the \'Villdovv.
8 A:. __......___.................................................................. (yoll/see) Jenny last night?
B: Yes, she ......,................m.........._.m.....m.m.......m._m........_ (\\lear) ,1 very nice jacket.
9 A: What ...............m.......mm.....m.m...'..mm......_____n......... (you/do) at 2 o'clock this 111orning?
13: I \:vas asleep.
lOA: I ..........__.......m.m.....____.........__.........____.......______..... (lose) nlY key last night.
B: 1-10\\' ......mm....mm......_____......._____..........._............__..,... (you/get) into your rOOIn?
A: I ........mm....mm......___.__...._______......______.......______..... (dilnb) in through a \,vindo\v.
[37

UNIT
15
I have done (present perfect 1 )
A
I-lis shoes arc dirtv.
- J
...
He is cleaning his shoes.
...
-[
-h
it
They are going au t.
...
-.- . . .
. .
.' ->::
.J',
'..-"'" ".

mH soes.
Il.c has cleaned his shoes.
(= his shoes re c1en lJ01-1/)
...
B has cleaned / have gone ete. is the present pcfcct (have + past part£(iplc):
past participle
I cleaned
\NC have eve) fi llished
you have not (havent) started
they lost
he} done
sh.e has ('s) been
has not (hasn't) gone
It
I cleaned?
have \"\7C finished?
YOll started?
they lost?
{ he done?
has hc been?
gone?
It
} regular pC/'/Js
ine,.gular l)('fhs
Regular verbs: The past participle is -ed (the sanlC as the past simplc):
clean ---7 J have cleaned finish ---7 V\lt' have finished stL\rt ---7 she has started
.lrn:gular verbs: The past participle is s0111etinles the saIne as the past sirnpJe and sOlnetilnes
different (=} Appendix 2-3). For e-xanlple:
the saine: buy ---7 I bought / [ have bought
dtUi'roJ.t: hreak ---7 I broke / I have broken
fall ---7 it fell / it has fallen
ha\re ---7 he had / he hLtS had
see ---7 you saw / you have seen
go ---t they went / they have gone
C We use the present perfect for an action in the past \vith .-1 result now:
. I've lost 111Y passport. (= I Cdn't tlnd Iny passport HOW)
. 'Where's Linda?' 'She's gone to bed: (= she is in bed now)
. We've bought J. IlCVi car. (= \.ve have a nevv' car now)
. It's Itachcl's birthday tornOlTO\V and I haven't bought her a present.
. 'Bob is on holiday.' 'Oh, \\ihere has he gone?'
. (an I take this nc\vspapcr? Have you finished \\rith it?
[381
prestnt perfect ==> UNRS 16-19
present perfect and p<tst Sil11pl.e ==>  incg11br verbs ==> UNIT 24, APPENDIX 2-3

r
--'
15.1
r---
,........,
"
/"'"
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r".
"'""'"
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".......
.,-...
,,-..
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r.15.2
",-.
r.
;--.
---...
--
,....
r
EXERCISES
UNIT
15
Look at the pictures. What has happened? Choose from
go to bed elean-his-s-ooes stop raining close the door fall down have a bath
b1ff now
1
T11 C)" .. , , . .. __ oo oo. , , '" __ oo.. . , , " __..... . . ........ . . . . . ........ . . . . ........ . , , .
...
He "'tlS cleo..r\e<t hiE shoes.
2
...
S11 e ,....___..". ..______.". .........,. .............. ........,.., .........", ..__..
3
...
4
-f-.. 1 I' f.. ?J£ 'I...  ...:. ,v ; i
' y_  ".I.,J ., 1'(1 "-'
,  f' /'.1 'I
, '.;;\, . J 1 (I .!-Y-..t..:  
'. :,',': ,; '"'''''
." ' / ,.... f I,. \\
. , . II ' I
-. '. .- 1 .. . , : I,/' ,, 6
", 'f / .'. 1 'I ·
L/. !L " .... . .".:. I: ff-:-;-
I I '. .'. __ . I
\""...\.I ..tt\'. -  
--?'
 '\.--<
It...................,.. ........".. ........,.. ....__..".. ...___ _..., ________..', _____
5
/ 1-. rtt -

He.. ..__...".. .____.__,.. ______...,. ...___...., ....__.....".. ............. .......
6
Tll e ....... .......,... ........,.. ...____..,. ..______..,.. __.__.__.". ....oo__."...
...
A
I
Complete the sentences with a verb from the list.
break buy decide finish forget go go invite see not/see take tell
1 ' c I 1 .' 1 .  . T ' :>.) 'v, I )ve fi.ni..s..,e<t T' I . ,
an uve t 11S ne\-' sp.1per. .lCS, .................................. \;Y It lIt.
2 [...................................................................... SOllll' nCT shoes. Do you \vant to see rheIn?
3 'Where is Liz?' 'She ...................................................................... out.'
4 ['Ill looking for Pau1J. ...................................... you ...m__...'.......................... hcr?
5 Look! S0I11ebody ....___............__.....................__........___m............ that windo\,v.
6 'Does Lisa kIlO\\! that you're going J\vay?' 'Yes, I ..........................__..........___........_____....._____...... her.'
7 I c.ln't find IllY lunbrdla. Soulcbody ..__..........m...........oo........................................ it.
S l'nllooking for Sarah. Where ______........____.....________....... she ...................................... ?
9 I k n 0\\.' that \VOlnan bu t r ____......______.... ,.._____.........______.........___..__...__...... h cr 11..\111 c.
10 Sue is hc.lving a party tonight. She .______...,..________..,...__._____.....______........___........._... a 10t ofpeop1c.
'11 What are you going to do? ._____........_______......_______..... you ..._____.......___.........__.......__ ?
12 "Where are Iny glasses?' 'I don't kno\v. 1 .......______......_______....._____.......____.........____.......... the Ill.'
[3)

UNIT
16
I've just... I've already
(present perfect 2)
A
I , .
ve Just ...
They have just arrived.
B I've already ...
. . .
I haven't... yet
just = a short titue ago
. A: Arc ])iane and Plul here?
B: Yes, they've just arrived.
. A: Are you hungry?
B: No. I've just had dinner.
. A: Is 1()111 here?
D: No, I'rn afi"aid he's just gonc.
(= he has just gonc)
already = before you expected / before I expected
. A: What tilne are I)iane and Paul cOining?
B: They've already arrived. (= before you
expected)
,
. It's only nine 0' doc k and Ann has already gone
to bed. (= before J. expected)
. A: John, this is Mary.
13: Yes, [ knO\\7. We've already luet.
C J haven't ... yet / Have you ... yet?
yet = until no\v
Yon can use yet in ncy.alirlt' seulcl"u:es and questions. Yet is usually at the end.
yet in tuga.ti1Je senten.res:
. A: Are l)iane and Paul here?
B: No, they havcn't arrived yet.
(but B expects Diane and Paul to Jrrivc soon)
. A: Does John knovi thJt you're going a\\lay?
B: No. I haven't told hilll yet.
(but 13 is going to tell hinl soon)
. Margaret has bought a ne\v dress but she hasn't
worn it yet.
The filtn hasn't started yet.
yet in questiolls:
. A: Have 1 )iane ;)nd Paul arrived yet?
B: No, not yet. We're still \vaiting tor theln.
. A: Has Linoa started her ne\\' job yet?
D: No. she start!'; next \veck.
. A: This is lUV ne\v dress.
. 
B: Oh. it's nice. Have you worn it yet?
[401
prC'icnr perfect => UNITS 15,17.20
\'vord order ===> mIl still, yct and alrcady => mIl

r
16.1
"
r
""......"
EXERCISES
UNIT
16
Write a sentence with jusl for each picture.
1 .__J}:,(j.:_....
2 He _._." ..00..'. .................... ......". .n__.,.,. .______". ________.."00_____..". ..__00
3 TIle)'", .........", ...00.....". ........,. ..........,. .__0000.... ....___...." .__.__00...'
4 TIle ra c e ......... .......,.. ............ ............. ............ ........... ..00......
--
16.2 Complete the sentences. Use already + present per1ect.
,,-....
"

16.3
-...

"
.r"
",-..
..--
r'-
.,-....
,.-..
r
1
2
3
4
5
()
What tinlC is Paul arriving?
Do Sue Jnd Bill \VlIlt to see the fihn?
Don't forget to phone TonI.
When is Martin going 3\.vay?
f)o you \Vult to read the nev/spaper?
When does Linda start her lle\r job?
.H._..,..r:___.,
No, tIle)' ........................................................................ it.
r .....". ........" ..__.00..'" ..nn...." ..00_....", ..____...,' ..____....". .00__...",. ..__..,
l-I c "00 .___._.,.. ______...., ___.___..." ..______.".. ._____..,. __.____...,. _______..,.. _______.
I 0000.'" .__.00.." '____00..'" ..__00__."" .__00__.". ..----..., , ...0000..'" ..__00..." .__00__..
51l e ,..__...." ........"" .........",. .......... ............ ........... ..........,. .........
Write a sentence with just (They've just .../ She's just ... etc.) or a negative sentence with yet (They
haven'l ... yet / She hasn't... yet etc.).
? ,_:..
 . ..... .- --<:::-' I .. \
- i ""'''" .. I ",-,
' I ' t ' "
"111:',, ..' '
.... .1>'1,'
.: .Ii.;rl.,....... ;:;:.
{I £"":,,,  a .
., ::W ';"'(;J
. 1,1 ,.-" # t...:>___......... .....
.,._ 1>--. "'.... 
'>. '
>-
11 OU'
now
a fi'lV
nlil1utcs ago
afpw
niinlllcs (o
aIew
mInutes ago
( she / (TO / out )
 J
...?h.._..99,...t?.H..
(the bus I go) The bus ..__.....,
(the bus I go) ____.__...___________.________,
4 a:, '" - This P reset1t
.  J .... . r.;..
I '; , 16 TUr me.
r!!;" ,
r' " l 'i
I> ,) , 1,.J,1
a few
Illlnllles {o
5 now
/S ) . "   & .
i · "
' zj ' -':j   . <,. ".'... "..,..,
.,  :--..' . .>< .
 , / --.
a fiu/  
111inules C!O
---------- --------------
(they / finish Itheir dinner)
HOU'
a fi'H)
nu.nutcs ago
(he / open I it) ...........................
(it / stop I raining) m......m......
--1&.4 Write questions with yet.
r
r
-.
,-
r
1 Your friend has got a ne\\l job. Perhaps
she has st€lrted it. You ask her:
..H.y...!:I,n_;?..Hr..,jp...Ht:r
3 Your friend nlLL\)t \vritc a letter. Perh.1Ps
she has \vritten it 110\.V. You ask her:
2 Your fi-iend has SOIlle ne\v ncighbours.
Perhaps he has Illet theIll. You ask hin}:
.... .......... ......., )r()ll __.__...,.. ..00..... ........... ............ ...n....."..n
4 TOIll vvas trying to sell his car. Perhaps he
has sold it no\,\'. You ask a friend about Tcnn:
[41.

UNIT
17
Have you ever... ? (present perfect 3)
A
We use the presentpcfc{t (have been / have had / have played etr.) \vht>n \,ve t,11k about a tinlc
frOtH the past until no\v - for exaruple, a person'5 liL:
:a::a::a:. :a::t :!!ft" m :ax:a::t!l:C:C 
....
....
HAVE YOU EVER BEEN TO JAPAN?
time fron7 the past until now
past
NOW
. 'Have you been to France?' (in your life) 'No, I haven't.'
. I've been to Canada but I haven't been to the United States.
o Mary is <111 intereting person. She has had 111any ditTerent jobs and has lived in lnany
places.
. I've seen thJt "\vOJnan betc))e but I cin't ren1t>1l1ber vvherc.
. Hov;; 111a11)' tll11es has Brazil won the World Cup?
. 'Have YOlI read this book?' 'Yes, I've read it t\vice.' ( twice = t\VO tinles)
B present pc-fcct + ever (in .questions) and never:
. 'Has Ann ever been to AustrJlia?' 'Yes, once.' (once = olle till1c)
. 'Have you ever played golf?' 'Yes, [ often play golf.'
. My n10ther has never travelled hy air.
. I've never ridden a horse.
. 'Who is that J11an?' ') don't knov7. I've never seen hitH before.'
C gone and been
He's :nvay.
He's gone
to Spain.
. BiU has gone to Spain.
(= he is in Spain 'lOW)
Hello. I've been
on holiday. I've
been to Spain.
Bill has been to Spain. BlI.L
(= he \.vent to Sp.lin but now he is hack)
 :tp:,,;,
. I I . . .......4..
::;::  .LHH}!.
t1'
. \
....... "
. JI
COlnpare:
. 1. can't find Susan. Where has she gone? (= Where is she Iluw?)
. Oh, hello Susan! I \-vas looking for yon. Where have yOll been?
l42J
present pt'r[ect => UNITS 15-16, 18,20
prlSl'llt perfect and past siulple =>

17.1 You are asking Helen questions beginning Have you ever ... ? Write the questions.
£11
--..
,
---
,-
/""'
'..........
,...
,......
,........ 17.2
,-,
r-.
,-

".-..
17.3
,.-...
,
",-.
EXERCISES
UNIT
17
2
3
4
5
G
7

9
(London?) ,__,Hy...H,.y......J9..l...
(ptlY / golf?) .J:1Y--!:t9.,..y.__P,.gQfr....
(A lIstralia?) Have.......... ......, ........ ........ ...,.... ..., .... ,.., ,..,..., .._,,__. '__.m.... ,... .....__....,..., ,__, .... ,.,......
(l{ )SC / you r passport?) .__.m..., ...,...,._.,........ .... ...,.... ....................... .... ...,... ,..., .......'....m .__. ,__, ,_
(f.1 y / in a he Ii copter?) .., ......., .......,... ,... ,__. '.__...'.m ,__. .._. ,__. ,__, ,__. ,...... .... ................ ........ ,.., ,__,..
(eat / eh in ese tl)od?) ............. ........... .... ........ ......., ..., ..., .__, __.. __. ,,__,__. .m___, ._...__..__,...,....... .......
(N e\\-' York?) ,._. ,._, ...,._, ,__. ,__, ,.., .__, .__,..., ... ,... ,........... ............................ .... ,......,... ".. ,__. .__, ..., ._.,... ,...
(drive / a bus?) m.....__. ....m.m.m,....._, ....,__,m,._.,._., ,__, ,...,__....,.... ............... ........ ......., '''''''''''''..,m
(bre1 k / Y01 1 r leg?) .. ......., .........., .....__, ...,..., ,__. "',m,........ m,m ,._. ,... ,__, .......,...,.......,...,... '... ..., ...,
No, never.
Yes. Illany til11es.
No, never.
Yes, once.
No. n evcr.
Yes, a fe\v till1CS.
Yes, t \ViCt'.
No. never.
Yes, once.
Write sentences about Helen. (Look at her answers in Exercise 17.1.)
(N C\\' Y<)rk) ... H,.. .tJ,.. ,. .., .N ..X9...,....., ,..,...,...,... ,m .....__. ,__, .__.._. ,...,... ................ .................... .__. .__...
2 (Au stralia) Helel}.,... ,_...... ,..,.__, m.....m ........ .__..__, ,....__. ..., .__. ,__..... ,..,... .... ................ .... ....... ,....... ,_"m, ....m, .__. ..., .__,.... ...,..................
3 (ClI i l) ese fo() (1 ) ..........................................., ......., ,.., ...,...,.__,,__.... ............ ,__, m,..., ._.,...,.......,............... .... ... ............,... ,__. ,__.,... ,__. '_'" ......
4 (drive / 3 blls) ,._, ._.,...,.... __. ,.., ,..,.... ,.....................................................,.......,...,..,.__..__. m. m, .._,... ,._.,... ,__"... ,..............................,.__ .....__.
Now write about yourself. How often have you done these things?
5 (N e\\' Y OJ'k) I......,.... ,... ...,... ,... ,..,...,.... ..,....................,............ ........... ,.., ,"'m, .__'__..m ,__. ,__. ,..,..., .,.. ............... ........ ,.., ,... ,__...., .__. m. ...,._...
() (p 1 a)' / ten 11is) ..m, .__.m.... .__. .._..__,._.,._. ,__. ,__. ,__. ,.., ,....... ,... ,....................... .........., ,......, '_" .__, m.....m.m ,__, .__, ...,...,.... ,... ..., ........ ..............,..
7 (fl.y / ill a helicopter) .... ............... .... ...,...,... ,...,...,.... ..., '__"__,m,__.,m ,__. '_" ._.,..., ...,... ,... ,..,............ .............., ,.., ,"'.m ,mm. ,__...., ,..,...,..
H (be / late for \vork or school) .__,.................... .................... ...................... ,........._. ,__, .__. .__....,__.,... ,... ,.................................., ....._
Mary is 65 years old. She has had an interesting life. What has she done?
fuwe
do
travel
311 over the \vodd
J11M))' difFerent joh 
ten books
be
\\-Tlte
1l1eet
a lot ofintcresttng things
a lot of interesting people
nl.lrried three titnes
1 ..,.?.......tl..,H_..t.jQ,:_...
2 S1) e ..................................................................,.......,...,..., ,.., ,..,.... .....__......__..... ._., __.,......,...,.... ..........................,..., h.. __.. n.' __" ._.,...,...,...... .....
3
4
5 .-- ".. '-" ... ,--, ,..,...,... ,.-, ,.., --', .-. ,.-. ,... ..., .......,...,...,..., ...,...................................,..., ...,......, ,..,.... .__,.__, ._.,...,.... ...,.........,............,...,..., n.' no, __,,__, no. ._...
()
. ..  . ............ a, ............"......... ............oOoO........ ."...oO...........oO... .oO.....oO _. .oO.... _.... _ _. . _ _oO.....oO. _ _. ... _. ... _oO.....oO.oO..oO. ......oO.....oO... ...... ...... ...... .... . ..... .oO.... ....... .oO.......... ...... . _ _. _ _ _.oO _ _.oO _. ...... ....... ...... ...... ...... ............oO... ........... ...
--..
17.4 Put in gone or been.
,.....

-
,....
r
1 Bill is on holiday at the 1110Jl1cnt. I Ie's ,g9......... to Spain.
2 'Where's Jill?' 'She's not here. I think she's _......,.............................. to the bank.'
3 Hello, Sue, Where have you ................................,.....? Have you __,.__,...,...,...,.........,......... to the bank?
4 L] lave you ever ..m,._.'__.,__..__.,__......._....,. to Mexico?' 'No, never.'
5 My parents aren't at houle this evening. They've ,__........,...,._.,..............,... out.
6 There's a nevv restaurant in to\Vll. Have you ......................,........__,.__, to it?
7 Ann kno\vs Paris \'Tcll. Shc's ...................................... there lTlany titHes.
8 Helen \vas here earlier but I think she's ...,...,...,.......................... no\-v.
[ 4:'

UNIT
18 How long have you ... ? (present perfect 4)
How long has she been in Ireland?
51 h b . I 1 I { since Monday.
le as een In . rc all( .c h d
lor tree ays.
." i>: .. '
- ,,'( i1
....
A Jill is OIl holiday in Ireland. She is there no\:v.
She arrived in Ireland on Monday.
Todav is Thursdav.
 ,
COJnpare is and has been:
:,.She is in Ireland
now.
is = present
She has becn in .r reland { since Monday.
for tree days..
has been = present pcfc((
Monday
NOW
Thursday
B COlupare:
present sinlph>
Mark and Liz are I.narried.
I know Sarah.
present p('f('rt simple (have been/have lived/have known ete.)
They have been luarried for five years.
(110t 'They are luarricd «n" five years.')
How long have you been Illarried?
(not 'Ho\\! long are you l11arried?')
How long have you known her?
(not 'I-hwv long do you kno\v her?')
I've known her for a long rilllt'.
(not 'I kno\v her fin _ ..')
How long has she lived in London?
She- has lived there aU her life.
How long have yon had yonI' car?
I've had it since April.
Are you Illarrieo?'
Do you know Sarah?
Linda lives in London.
I have a C1L
It's raining.
present pnji:rt con.tin,uous (have been -I- ing)
How long have YOli been Jearning Gernlan?
(not '110\\' lon g are vou Jearnin(T GenllU)?' )
.. L,I h
I've been learning Gcnnan for t\VO years.
How long has he been \vatching TV?
lie's been (= J Ie has been) \vatching TV since 5 o'clock.
It's been (= It has been) raining all day.
prcscn,t wntiruwus
I'm learning Gennan.
David is \\latching TV
[44J for and sin(e =} I. ITS 19,97

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EXERCISES
UNIT
18
Complete these sentences.
1 Jill is in hospital. She __t!__P.___.. in hospital since Monday.
2 I kno\v Sarah. I ....Y.Jqrt..... her for a long titue.
3 Linda and Frank are 111arried. They ...............................................___......._____ luarried since 1<)89.
4 Brian is ill. r Ie ...............,......................___..................... ill for the last fe\v days.
5 We live ill Scott Road. We _____....._______...________.....________....mm_....'..___ thcre for tcn years.
6 Catherine \vorks in a bank. She .................................................___......____ in a bank for fivc ycars.
7 Alan has a headache. I Ie .............................................................. a headache since he got up this nl0rning.
S l'nIlearning English. I ___m.....___........______.....______.....______............ English for SL"'C IlIOIlths.
Make questions with How Ing ... ?
1
?
.....
J ill is on holiday.
Mike and Judy arc ill BraziL
I knO\l Margaret.
l}iana is learning Italian.
My brother lives in Canada.
1'111 a teacher.
It is raining.
,...t1Q....9,.n...h.....Q.Jq.t ?
H O\/ lOllg ......... ......... ............ ............. ........., ,.........., ,__.__._.... ...______..... ?
Ho\,v long ___.__....______...m. you ........m___.........,................................ ?
;>
3
4
5
6
7
?
.........---......................................................................................-...........----......----- .
?
?
.....---------.......-----.....------.....----........-...................................................................... .
4
The StAn i6
siking.
s ()

"0,8
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I ',::',

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p(;
t , (:.,..I
, 'A\)'-
,
_.....11 . , ,,. .Jh ..... __...
I '0 
{
. .-!'
,
,I .,  ..' .
 " ..,-;"
.,'!'. . '.
,. , '
Look at the pictures and complete the sentences. Your sentence must end with one of these:
for ten minutes all day aU her life for ten :rC6rs since he was 20 since Sunday
1 ..,Thm'y....r...:k?r....,....
2 Sll e ..... ........'. .......'.' ........',. ......." .........." .........".. ........"" ..........'.... ........... ............ ........... ...........,. ,.__....,. ....__.__" ....__...." ,.........." ............. .....
3 Tll c)r ..__...... ..____.., ..____..". ..__...." ...__.....,. ...__....... ..____....".. .____....".. .________.".. ..____ _., ....__....,.. __.......,'.. ........,. ............. .........,.. ......."" ...__....,... .__..
4 T1I e s tJ 11 . ............ ......... ............. .......... ........... .............. .............. ..........,.. .......... .____....". ..__.....,.. __.......,.. .......".. ............ ............. .........,. .......
s She.. ........... .................... ....,..... ...........'. ............. ........... ............. ................ ........... ........".. ......." ..__......,. ..____...". .........".. ..........'.. ........... .......
6 1-1 c ... ........... .......... .......... ........,.. .......".. ........." ..........,'.. ............ .............. ............. ............ ........, .........." ........... ..______...,. .........".. ............. .......
Which is right?
1 Mark -is-/ has becn in Canada sincc April. has bccn is right
2 Jane is a good friend of rnine. I kno\v / helve kno\vn her vcry \velL
3 Jane is a good friend of l1Ul1e. I kno,,\-' / have kno\vn her for a long tinlc.
4 'Sorry 1'111 late. 1-1.0\\7 long are you / have you bcen waiting?' 'Not long. Only five 1l1inutcs.
S Martin \\Torks / has \vorked in a hotd 110\V. H'c likcs his job very nluch.
6 Linda is reading the l1e\vspapcr. She is / has been reading it for t\VO hours.
7 'llo\v long do you live / have YOll Jived in this house?' 'About ten years.'
8 'Is th.lt a ne\i coat?' 'No, I have / I've had this coat for a long tinlc.'
() TCHll is / has been in Spain at the 111on1ent. He is / h:ls been there for the last three days.
[45"

UNIT
19
for
.
since
ago
A for and since
We use for and since to say how long:
. Jill is ill Ireland. She has heen there
{ for three days.
since Monday.
We usc for + a period oftinle (three days /
two years de.):
We use since + the start of the period
(Monday / 9 o'clock etc.):
sta/t of
Monday  Tuesday  Wednesday the period
!
-<III( for three days  - since Monday 
Monday
past NOW past NOW
for
.
SInce
three day
an hour
a week
a 11lonth
five years
ten n11nu tes
tvvo honrs
fiHU \veeks
six Inonths
a long tinle
lVlonday
9 o'clock
24 July
January
19R5
Wednesday

t 2.30
Christnlas
I \ovas ten years old
\ve arrived
. lZichard has been in Canda for six
lt1onths. (not 'since six rnonths')
. We've been \\,'aiting for two hours.
(not 'illce tv..ro hours')
. I've Jived ill London for a long tirne.
. Richard has been in Can.lda since
January. (= [ronl January to no\.v)
. We've been \vaiting since 9 o'clock.
(= fronl <)"o'clock to no\\')
. ['v(' lived in London since I was tcn
years old.
B ago
ago = bfore now:
. Susan started her ne\\7 job three weeks ago. (= three \vecks before now)
. 'When did TOJll go out?' 'Ten luinutes ago.' (= ten 111inutcs heh)}"c no\\.')
. I had dinner an hour ago.
. Life \:vas very different a huudred years ago.
We use ago \vith the past (started/did/had/was etc.).
COJllpare ago and for:
. When did J ill arrive in Ireland?
She arrived in Ireland three days ago.
. How long has she been in Ireland?
She has been in Ireland for three days.
[46] present perfect + for/since =>  frOlTI/untiJ/sincc/for => mD for aud during =; 

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EXERCISES
UNIT
19
Write for or since.
'1 Jill has been ill Ireland .,..... Monday.
') Jill has been illlreJand .r_..., three days.
3 My aunt has lived in Australia on_......._______..._._____ 15 years.
4 Margaret is in her office. She has been there .......______....______..... 7 0' clock.
S India has been an independent country............................ 1947.
6 The bus is bte. We've been \Veliting ___..._.____.........._..... 20 111inutes.
7 Nobody lives in those houses. They have been enlpty .__......................... In1ny years.
H Mike has been ill ............................ a long tit1le. He has been in hospital..,......................... (Jctober.
Answer these questions. Use ago.
1 When "\vas your last llleal? .
2 When \vas the last titue YOll \vere ill?
3 When did you last go to the cinenla?
4 WhLn \,vas the last tirllc you \,vere in a car?
5 When \vas the last tilHe YOll \.vent 011 holiday?
__Thr., Q... :.....
Complete the sentences. Use the words in brackets (...) + for or ago.
1 Till arrived in Ireland ...!:...,.:......
2 Jill has been in Ireland .r..J1r....:....
3 Linda and Frank have been l1larried .................................................._____.....__________..____
4 Linda .:lnd Fr.lnk got 111arricd .................................,..............................m..................._____
5 Dall arri Ve(1 ..____.. ..______." .._____." .________,. __.______.. __________.". ...__....,'" ....._...". ..0000..'" ....,.....'.. ........... ......
6 We 11 a (1 lu n,c}l .... .......... .......... ............ .........,.. .........".. ......."" ....00__...' ....___..." .._____..... ..____._,', ..00....
7 Silvil has been learning English ...........................'......00...........................................00....
H Have YOll kno\vn Lisa ....__.......____......._____......._____........___.._......_.___....,.................................. ?
9 I bo u gh t these sh oes ,..' ........... ............. ............ ............. .........,. ...h.....", ........., , ..._____.., .._______.".
(three days)
(three days)
(20 years)
(20 years)
(ten IlllIllltes)
(an hour)
(six lnonths)
(a long tirne)
(a fe\\r days)
-
19.4 Complete the sentences with for or since.
,.......
I"'-
r"
".....
'.
-
19.5
,-....,
-.
"......
1 Jill is in Ireland 110\V. She arrived there three clays ago, ..?h......'.nr...r.....
2 JlCk is here. He arrived here on Tuesdciy. He hlS .. ..mn............,.............................m__......____........m........'...............
3 It's raining. It started an hour ago. It's been _____......._______.,..______.....m_...'.........,................................___......._____..............,
4 [kno\v Sue. I first Illet Sue t\VO years ago. I've ..............m........_____...,..____.._......._...........................................n____....._
5 I helve a calnera. 1 bought it ill 19B9. I 've 00___...........00.......00..............,...............................__........_______...,.........................
6 They arc nlJrricd. ThLY got rnarried six lllonths ago.
Tl1 e)" v'c ..." ..00...'... ..00....".. .00..."'.. .00....'.'.. ............ .....,...... .............. ..........., .........,. ........,., ..______." __.___....,' ..00....."'. ........",'........",.. .00.....'..___
7 Liz is studying Inedicine at ullivcr\)ity. She started three years ago.
S 11 e 11as .." ______..". ____....,. ..____...,.. _____...".. ____.. _.". .______..." ..._00._..." ..0000......'... .00....... ............ .......... .........." ..00__...".. .____...." ..00......', ............ ......
S Dave plays the piano. I-Ie started \\1hen he \::'\las seven years old.
Dave lIas ........ ............ ........... ........... ............. .....:...,. ....00....". .....___...., ...------., , _______..". ..0000..." ...00....". .....,...... ............ ...00........ .._....." ....00...'
Write sentences about yourself. Begin with the words in brackets (...).
1 (I ',rc li\7ctl) ....." ........", .........".. ........" ............' ............... ............ ........... ..........,. ._.00__.'" ._____. _..,.. __.__. _'" ..noon..".. ........... ...........,. .00....".._
2 (I' \'C l1CCll) ....,.. ..00...." ..00....." ...00.....'. ...00......' ....00....". ....00....'.'. .........'... ............ ........... .........., ...00__..". ._____...,. __00_.....'". ..00....'... ..............
3 (I've 11 eell 1 car 11 i 11 g) ..,.. ..___....,. ..00_..."... _........"... ..__....,',.. .0000...".. ........", ........... .........,... .........,.. .00.. _.". _________,... ..00.....'.. ...00...........
4 (I've kl1 O\lll) ___....,.. .____...,.. .____...,,' _.___....,... __..__..., ....____...",.. .00......", .........".. ...,...... ............ ........". ...00....". ....00..." __ .___._...,.. .00....,.' ......
5 (I've h.l(1) ..,.. _____...,. ._____..... _ .__....." .._______..... .____._.,'. .._____....".. .._00....".. .0000...". .........,. ........... ............ .........., ....00....'. .______..."'. .00....". ........
147

UNIT
20


I have done (present perfect) and
I did (past simple)


A


With ajinislted tinU' (yesterday / last week etc.), V.le use the pc1st (arrived/saw/was ('(c.):


past sin7ple + finished time
yesterday.
] 3St \\lce k .
We arrived at 3 0' dock.
in 1991.
six 11lOIlths ago.


finished tinw
yesterday
last w.cek
six ITlonths ago


past


NOW


Do HotliSt' the present perfect (have arrived / have done / have beenl't(.) \vith .1 finished
tIlne:
. I saw Paula yesterday. (not 'I have seen')
. Where were YOll on Sunday afternoon? (not '\VhcTe h.lve you becn')
. We didn
t have a ho]id.l)' last year. (not 'We haven't had')
. 'What did you do last night?'
I stayed at hOl1le.'
. Wi1Jianl Shakespeare lived frotn 1564 to 1616. He was a \'\lrit.er. He wrote nlclny
plays and poelllS.
Use the past siIuple to ask When. .. ? or What tin"le .. _ ?:
. When did they arrive? (not 'When have they arrived?')


B COnlpJrc:
present p('
rC(1
. I have lost IllY key.
(= I can't find it HOt/ J )
. Bill has gone honlc.
(= he isn't here llOry)
. Have you seen .Ann?
(= \vhere is she 1101V?)


past sirnplc
. I lost IllY key last week.


. Bin went h0l11C ten minutes ago.


. Did you see Ann on Saturday?


tifne until now


I finished time 'I


past


NOW


past


NOW


. Have YOll ever been to Spain?
(= in your 1ifl\ until now)
. My friend is a \-\'Titer. I-Ie has written
111any books.
. The letter hasn't arrived yet.
. We've lived in SingHporc for six years.
(= \\'e live there llO\V)


. Did you go to Spain last year?


. Shakespeare wrote luany plays and
pOe1l1S.
. The letter didn't arrive yesterday.
. We lived ill Glas g o\-v f{)r six years hut

 J
110\\7 \.ve live in Singapore.


1481


past simplc => UNITS 11-12


pn's("]] t per/c:ct ===> UNITS 15-18




,-
,-
r---
EXERCISES
UNI1
2
.........
20.1 Use the words in brackets (...) to answer the questions.
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1 I-lave you seen Ann?
2 Helve you started your IlCV..l job?
3 Have yonr fi-ieIlds .urived?
4 Has Sarah gone avvay?
5 Have you \vorn your new shoes?
(5 11linutes ago)
(last \veek)
(at 5 0' dock)
(on Friday)
(yesterday)
___'f.. LL.___.?., . k..MP.:--
Yes, I ______...________..'..m___.__'..__ last \veek.
Yes, tlley .____... .._____._.,. ._____.__.". ..___...,., ........
Yes, ........ ........... .........". .._____..., ..____.__..,. .___.__"
Yes, _..... ...____..", ...__....... ............. .........". _______.,
Right or wrong? Correct the verbs that are wrong. (The verbs are underlined .)
1 I'vc lost rny key. I can't find it. ..R.lJ?HT.....
2 Havc yOll seen Ann yesterday? -wg.QN.:......P...Y9...;?,_...
:\ I've finished IHY \.vork at 2 0' clock. .___._____,..._____..........,.............................._____......._______.....________.......__............
4 1'11'1 ready nO\\7. I've finished 111Y \vork. .-------.....______......m_..........................................._______...__._______....m____..........
5 What til11e have you finished your \!\lork? .______.....________.._______._..._______....,__....................................______...._______........____
6 Sue iSH't here. Sh c's goo e out. .......... ....__...... _______.. ..________.. .________.. ....__..... ....._......... ............ ............ __.____..
7 JiIll'S grandnl0thcr h.lS dicd in '19R9. _____..........................................._......._____......________...._____._...,..___..................
R Where have YOll beell last night? _____....._______...._____..........................................____....,________...._______...,..._____.....
Put the verb in the present perfect or past simple.
1 My fi-iIH_\is a \.vriter. He __________ (\\lrite) lnany books.
2 We __...f?__,y,.. (not/have) a holiday last year.
3 I _..._____.....___......______...._____.....______.....______.. (play) tennis yesterday afternoon.
4 Wllat tiJI1C ....._,..'..._.......................,........................ ( vou/ g o ) to bed last nioht?
J L b
5 .. ..__....____......_____...____.__.. .______.....______..._____.__.. ..__..___... ....____..... (youl cver/ Il1eet) .:1 t1I1l0US person?
6 The \!\leather .........................................................__... (not/be) very good yestcrday.
7 My hair is \.vet. I __......___..........__....................................... Gnst/vv3sh) it.
R 1 .._____..______.....____......____....._____....._____........ (\,v.1sh) l11Y hair befi)rc breakfast this Il1orning.
9 Kathy travels a lot. She .....................................___..........___.......__ (visit) ulany countries.
10 'Js Sonia here?' 'No, she .............................................................. (not/ccnne) yet:
Put the verb in the present perfect or past simple.
1 A: ___Hy...!:I.mv.J?. (you/ever/be)
to FJorida?
13: Yes, \\7e ......... (go) there 011 holiday
t\VO years ago.
A: ._____.. .._____... ,_______.. ..________. ...________, ,________, (yo u/ha ve)
a good tillle?
13: Yes, it ................................................ (be) great.
2 A:
B:
A:
B:
Where's A Ian? ................... ............ .............. ......
(you/see) hiln?
Yes, he ........____......._____.......____......______. (go) out a
fevv Ininutes ago.
And Julia?
I don't kn<.wv. J ______......__.__.......___._.........................
(not/see) her.
3R..ose \vorks in a £.lctory. She
-.........-........................................, (\.vork) there for SJX
1110nths. Bef{we that she ...........................______.....___
(be) a \\T31tress 111 a restaurant. She
.......-................................_.__.... (\,vork) there for 1:\\70
years but sh e........... .......... ....__..... ..________... ...______.. ....._.....
(not/enjoy) it vcry 11luch.
4 A: L)o you kno\v rv1artin's sister?
B: [.............................______....._______..... (see) her a fe"\v
ti III C$ 1111 t [ ..,...... ........... "_"'''' ..________.... _______...,.. .__....,
(never / speak) to h cr. ...,...................______....____
....................._______. (you/ ever/speak) to her?
A: Yes. I ......._._......_______....._____....________..... (nlcet) her
at a party last \veek. She's vcry nIce.
[4 1

UNIT
21
is done
was done (passive 1)
A
The office is cleaned cvery day.
The offIce was cleaned yesterday.
C,olllpare active and passive:
S0111ebody cleans .the ofl:lce every day.
I
I
. The office is cleaned every day.
(arti 1)(-)
(passi l)e)
S0l11ehody cleaned
the ofl:lce
I
yesterday.
( artilJ(')
I
:The ot11ce was cleaned
;
yestcrday.
(passi l)e)
B
The passive is:
past participle
present si l1"lplc
past sirnplc
am/is/are
was/were
(not)
+
cleaned
invented
injured
done
built
taken ClC.
The past participle of rcgu1.u verbs is -ed (cleaned/ darnaged eie).
For a list of irregular pclst participles (done/built/taken etc.), see Appendix 2-3.
. Butter is Inade frolll l11ilk.
. Oranges are irnported into Britain.
. HO\\T often are these rOOlT1S cleaned?
. I am never invited to parties.
. This house was built 100 ye.lrs ago.
. These houses were built 100 years ago.
. When was the telephone invented?
. We weren't invited to the party Llst \veek.
. Was anybody injured in the accident?' 'Yes. 1:\\70 people were taken to hospita1.'
C was/were born
. r was born in London in 1962. (not '[ lln born')
. Where were you born?
o Passi1)c -I- by ...
. We \vere \voken up by a loud noise. (= The noise \\Toke us up.)
. T'he telephone \,Tas invented by Alexander Bcll in 1876.
. My brother \vas bitten by a dog last vv'cck.
[50]
is being done I has been done ===>  irregular verbs ===> UNIT 24, APPENDIX 2-3
active and pLlssive => APPENDIX 1
by ===> mI!II


,.....
...... 21.1
/"'""'
,-...
/'""
/"'"
,r-...
,......,
r--
r"'
r---..
21.2
"......,
,,-....
-
,,-.
,,-...
--- 21.3
---
EXERCISES
UNI1
21
Write sentences from the words in brackets (...). Sentences 1-7 are present.
1 (the office / clean ,I every day) .....Th...f.......,Y..Y....___
2 (these rOOIns ,I clean / every da}l?) .....A.....!:,--...Y.H.,]...,
3 (glass / 111 ake / froIll sand) Glass.. ...___........ ............. ............. ......,... .._______.., ...._....... .............. ........... .._________... ............ .........
4 (stanlps / sell / il a post office) .....________...._______................,.........................._____.__...........,..............................______....,...........
5 (this rO(>Ill / llot / usc / vcry often) ......._.........________..,...__..................................__..__......_....................................______.....
6 (\\Te / aJlo\,v / to park. here?) _..... ............ .............. ............, ........., ..________.., ............. ........... ...........,. ..._____...... ............. .............
7 (h 0\\1 / rh is \vord / pronoullce?) ___, ....______.............,................ ............ ,________....._........ .............. ................___.___.............. .....
Sentences 8-15 are past.
8 (the ollice / cleall ,I ycsterday) ...J}1...---..-ffi..!1,___
Y (the house / paiut / 1ast lllonth) The hOlIse .-------.....----...............................m..._....______..................................._____..
10 (three people / iqjure / in the. accident) ...................,________.............,..........................._____....,....._.........................._.....
11 (111Y bicycle / steal / a ft"\v days ago) .............................__..__.......__..._..............................._.......______.................................
12 (\vhen,l this bridge / build?) .. .....__..,..,. ............. ............. ..........,. ..___.__.. ..______..... ............ ..........., ..______.... ..._.__...... ................
13 (you / invite / to the IX1rty last ,,\leek?) _...'._..___.....,..................................,..______...,._____................................._______.........
14 (hov\'!' / these \vindo\vs / hrea k?) ... ............... ,.._______... ,_______.............. ............ ............ ....____.__.. ....__...... .............. .............______
1 S (I / not / \.vake up / by thc noise) ..........................'__m__...__._____......................................,..._______....._____......................__...
Co rrect these sentenc es.
J (This house built) 100 years .-lgo.
This "'ouse was built. ...
2 football plays in lllost coulltrics of the \vodd. ____......._______......___.............................,....______...._.___.....................""'"
3 Why did the letter send to the \.vrong address? ...................,..______.....________..,..._........................________....____..,.........,...
4 A garagc is a place vi/here cars repair. ..'.________....__...__...,...........................______....._____.__..,............................m....'..______.....
5 Where are VOll born?
J
() Ilo\v nlany languages are speaking ill S\vitzcrLlllo? .................,_________.....__...................................________.................
7 S()Jllcbody brokc into 0 nr hOlIse bu t nothing st{ )lcn. .......... ........... ,..._____....______.................. ................_____.. ,...___
 When VIlas invented the hi eye Ie? ..' ............... ............, ..._m...' ,...______.. ............ ............. ......._.. ,..._______., .,...........,. .......... .........
.._------................................................................-..........------.....-.......................................-------..................................
Complete the sentences. Use the passive (present or past) of these verbs:
clean danlage find give invite Inake 111ake show steal takc
'I 'rhe roonl __........ every day_
r, 2 I sa\v an accident yesterday. T\\ro people ......____. to hospit:-IJ..
3 Paper .............................................................. fro111 \\'ood.
.......... 4 There vvas a fIre at the hotel last \veek. T\vo of the rOOlns ..................._____......______.......................... .
5 Where did you g et this ! Jicture?' 'I t .............................________....._.._................ to [ue by a friend of nline.'
,  ,
" 6 Many Alnerican progralllIlles ,.._..____....,...........................................__._ all British televisioll.
7 '] )id J inl and Sue go to the ,vedding?' · N o. 'J'hey ...................________............................ but they didn't go.'
/" ti '] 10\'''' old is this tllnl?' 'It ..........__m......._______......._______.....,............. in 1965.'
9 My car ....m............................................ last \veek but the next ddY it ...........m......_______......m............... by the police.
21.4 Where were they born?
1 (Ian / Edil.tburgh)
2 (Sally / Binninghaln)
3 (her parents / Ireland)
4 (you / ???)
5 (your 1110ther / ???)
..-....
,r--
r
/'"'
J., ,..9rn....f;r9h.__.
SaIl v "...........,'.. .............. ............. ..........., .._____...,.. ........,'. ......,...... ........." ....____.__.. ..._......." ........"..
J .
Her .". ........."" ................ ............ ........."" ._______... ______...,,' ............. ..........' ..________" ,_........" ................
I _____.... ._____....". ...........",. ......,....... .........., ...__....,' ,_______.__, ,_......."" .........'... ........." ,_______..,. .........,.' ......
.aa.... "________... ...__._....... ......__.......... ........... ............. ...______.... ...._._...... ............ ................ ..___........ ._._........... .......
1.5

has been done
UNIT
22
is being done
(passive 2)
A is/ are being... (present coutinuous passilJcj
..
" L J '"' ,
. ('11,1 l' .- -- - - '!f
II ! I ,i I II I,' --=: e ' =7j#l  W fJ. -$i -f r,l[ ','
I I I 'I. @)Y-0"/ 7/J ---' I I
I ' ' I I '-' ---:;:"" 1 I II
I r -::,_ __ -:::: -::.;. - -- I, \ I
I d { I', I 'l l n l --- I  llr\n I I' I ITi IL I0iTI  11  I I I \ I ,I I '! ' I
I ! I 1'1' I" , J '"I'I L" "
,I '1 'lp'll '..i.U-' L.:-- I", 'II, 111]111 'I
I1I ' I,,', 1,,11" m l "l' " 1 1 1 1 1 ' 1 1111 I 1 11 ,,11' 1 1 il, I,
'., ,I,' " 'I I J, I I, ,I, ' I I I ",1 I 'I
I ,,' , '"I, I, , 'I III;. J ,I., II, ! ' III II, ,
"
',' "
I ,-,

.., .:11. . ", "..;
SOIll(body is painting
the door. (artivc)
I
.. =--
I
The door
is being painted.
(passi1Jc)
. My car is at the garage. It is being repaired. (= sOlllcbody is repairing it)
. Sonlc nc\v hOllses are being built opposite the park. (= s<.nnehody is budding then1)
C0I11pare the present COlltillllOUS and prescNt simple:
. The oflice is being cleaned at the 1l10lnellt . (am,tilll-llJUS)
The office is cleaned every clav . {-(iilnplt.)
. In Britain footballlnatches are lISlt311y played 011 Saturday, but
no tnatches are being played next Saturday.
For the present continuous and present silllple, see Units 8 and 26.
B has/havc becn ... (prescnt p('fi'(t passivc)
DEFORE
SOInebody has paintcd
the door
I
(acti"/lt)
I
The door
has been painted.
(passivc)
NOW
. My key has been stolen. (= sOJl1ebody has stolen it)
. Iv1y keys have bcen stolen. (= sonlebody has stolen rheIn)
. rnl not going to thc party. I haven't been invited. (= nobody h.15 invited rue)
. Has this shirt been wa-shed? (= f-las sOll1cbody \\rashecl it?)
COIllpare the prcscn.t pcfi.'(l and past si1nplc:
. The r00111 is clean no\\'. It has been cleaned. (tycscnt peifert)
The rOOt11 was cleancd yestcrday . (past siulplc)
. I Cln't find 111Y keys. I think they've been stolen. (present pcifcct)
My keys WE're stolen last \veek . Uh7St sin'lph:)
For the present perfecr and past silnple, see Uuit 20.
[52] is done / was dOlu => mIl adive- Lmd passive => APPEND.IIC1

_____ 22.1
--
'"
--....

""
22.2
,,-....
1"',

.-...
...........
-
"...

EXERCISES
UNIT
22
What's happening?
1 ..Th.........9.X.:....,
2 A l1ri (ige ..n...' ..n...'" ........... .......... .............. ..........', ..____.....,..
3 'l'he \'vindo\-vs ....______......___.......,.............................___......
4 T 1'1 c grass .........,... ..nn...... .._____ _..... ...n......".. ........., ..nn."....
Look at the pictures. What is happening or what has happened? Use the present continuous
(is/are being ...) or the present perfect (has/have been ...).
(9
,,-- 1 (the office / clean)
2
-- 3
4
".......
,-
22.3
,......
--
-.
r-
--
/""
,....
J
6
7
H
.........................................--.-.-....---------......-.-.-............................................-.--.............................................._----..
.....................................................-----..-...........-........................................---.--..-----....................................
. . - - - - - - -.. -..... . .............. -...... . . .. ...................... . . . . . ................... . . . .. .......... a a. . . ...   _ _ _. . . . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. . . . ... _...... _ r I I . I . a........ a a. 0 . 0 . . _ ..... _ . . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. .. . . 0 _......... I . . .
.... a a 0 0 . . . . a _ ....... . . . _.. _ _ _ _ _. _. . . . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.. . . . . ......... . I I . .............. I I I loa..... _ a 0 0 . . . _. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . . .......... _. . . . ............. . I I I a a a....a 0 _. . . . . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . . _ ..
Use the words in brackets (....) to complete the sentences. (Units 21 and 22)
1 I can't use illY office <it the lll0l1lcnt. [t .....9..P..., (paint).
) t' i.ted..
2 We didn't go to the party. We .........3:r.Y................. (notlinvitc).
3 The \\7ash.ing Inachine \vas broken but it's OK no\v. It .....___........_____.......m.......................m........._____ (repair).
4 The \vashing Inachine ______......_________....______._....._.mm._............................. (rt'pair) yesterd..1Y afternoon.
S A f.1.ctory is a pbce \vhere things ......................______........____m'.............................m. (Blake).
G Henv old arc these houses? When .....................................____.......____......'..m............. (they/build)?
7 A: .._____......______......____......______......_____.........mm.......m (the COtllputer / use) at the 1110lllent?
B: Yes. JiIH is using it.
S I've never seen these flo\vers befc.)re. What .......n......................................_.....,______................. (they/call)?
9 SOIne trees .......m..........m........._____.......______...,________........_____.. (hl(}\v) dO\\711 in the stonn last night.
10 The bridge is closed at the lIlOIllent. It .__________......._._m..........................................._____...., (danlage) Jast vveek
and it ...................,........................m__........._____......________ (not/ rep<lir) yet.
[5:

UNIT
23 be/have/do in present and past tenses
A be (= am/is/are/was/were) + -ing (cleaning/working etr.)
am/is/are + -ing
(present continuous)
==> Units 3-4 and 26
. Please be quiet. J'n1. working.
. It isn't raining at the 1110111ent.
. Wh,lt are you doing this evening?
was/were -I -ing
(past fOl1tin.uous)
==> Unit 13
. I was working \vhen she clrrived.
. It wasn't raining, so \ve \\'ellt out.
. What were you doing Jt three 0' dock?
B be + past participle (clcaned/l11ade/eaten ere)
am/is/are + past participle
(passive present sitnplc )
==> Unit 21
. The roon1 is cleaned every day.
J J
. Pi'll. never invited to parties.
. 'Oranges are imported into Britain.
was/were + past participle
(passhJc pasc simple)
==> Unit 21
. The rOOIn was cleaned yesterday.
. These houses were built 100 yeclfs ago.
. [-Iovv was the \Villdo\,v broken?
. Where ",ere you born?
c
have/has + past participle
(present pcf('(O
==> Units 15-1 H
(cleaned/lost/ eaten/been etL)
. ['ve cleaned Iny r00I11.
J
. TOlll has lost his passport.
. Uarbara hasn't been to Canada.
. Where have Paul and Linda gone?
have/has + past pclrtioJJ/('
o
do/docs/did + irlj1.nitive (clean/like/eat/go ctc)
do/does + irijluitilJf
(prcsen,( sirHplc negative
and questions)
==> Units 6-7
. I like coffee;:> but 1 don't like tea.
. C:hris doesn't go out very often.
. What do YOll llSlMl1y do at \.veekends?
. Does B<lrbara live alone?
did + inf1.11itilJ£'
{fJasr simple lugatille (l1ld
questions)
==> Unit 12
. I didn't watch TV yesterday.
. It didn't rain lat. vveek.
. What tiIne did Paul and Linda go out
[54) irrcllbr verbs => NI' 24, APPENDIX 2.3

EXERCISES
23.1 Put in is/are/do/does.
1 .J?.... you \vork ill t.he evenin£!:s?
, L'
2 \Vhcrc _..___ they going?
3 \Vhy ,..___......___ YOll looking at 11lC?
4 ___,..___.,.,.. Bill live near you?
,
5 ......m...... 'lOll like cooking?
, ...
UNIT
23
6 ............... the Slln shining?
7 \Vhat tinlc ............... the shl'>ps dose?
H ...'...._.m.. Ann \vorkin g today?
.... ,
9 \Vhat .......______.. this \.\lord 111can?
10 ..,............ you feeling all fight?
23.2 Put in am not I isn't I aren't/ don't/ doesn't. All these sentences are negative.
1 10111 ..4Q._t.... \vork in the- evenings.
2 rill very tired. I ........m...'....................... \v;:ult to go out this evcnin!!.
J ,-.. \...'
3 1'111 very tired. I..,...........................,....... !!oi Il!! out this evenin!.T.
J ,-J ,-J .t:-
4 Ceorge .....m.......m.................... \vorkin!! this \.\il'ek. He's OIl holiday.
'-._ '-.1' "
5 My parents are llsllal1y .It h01l1l'. They .m____....'._________.......______.. go out very often.
6 Barbara has travelled a lot but she .......______.......___..........m.. sneak anv foreign bn g ua!:res.
t"  4-. '-'
7 YOll can turn ofFthc television. I ....._...........m.................. \vatching it.

B There's £, party next \'\leek bur \VC ...................................... going.
23.3 Put in was/were/did/have/has.
1 Where ...___ your shoe's nude?
2 ..'_m..'..___.........___.... you go ant last night?
3 \XThat _.............................. 'lOll doin g at 10.30?
. ...
4 When:> .......................,....... your 1llother born?
5 ............_....,..______...._ Barhara o-one hotHc?
b
23.4 Put in is/are/was/were/have/has.
1 Joe ,_,.... lost his passport.
2 This bridge ....___.......___...... built ten veal's a g o.
";"'.1 tI L
3 ......___....._____.... you finished your \vork yet?
4 This to\\,7n is ahvays dean. The streets
......................' cleaned everv lbv.
J J
5 Where m.......___.......... YOll born?
{, Wlut tinle ______...,..___......._______.. she go?
7 When _......_____......._______..,.. these houses built?
8 ....____.........___........___ Jinl arrived yet?
9 Why .........................._____ you go hOUle early?
1 () Ilo\v long ...................._.......... they been Jllarricd?
6 I ....................... just l1lade sonle eotTee. \Vould
you likc sonlc?
7 CIJSS ......___..........___. 111adc fi'Olll sand.
H This is a very old phl)tograph. It ......._m_........._.
tak.en a long t.iIlle .lgO.
9 Joe ....................... bought a nc\v car.
23.5 Complete the sentences. Choose from the list and put the verb into the correct form.
danlage eat
understand
.
enJoy
use
ge-
go away
listen
pronounce
.
mm
open
.1 I'nl going to take £111 ulnbrdla \vith nle. I t's ..r.9..... .
2 Why are you so tired? f)id you ..9Q..... to bed late last. night?
J Where are the chocolates? H;tvc VOll ..____.......___.............._............... thenl all?
,
4 I-Io\V" is your llC\\T job? Are you .............................................. it?
5 My C3r \vas badly ....______...........,........................ in the accident but [ \\7as ()K.
() C:hris has (Tot a car but she doesn't ..............................m.........____ it verv often.
 J
7 Mary isn't at honle. She has ...'....m.........___........______......... fi)f a fe\r days.
8 I don't ............................m............... the problenl. Can )lOU explain it again?
9 Nlartin is in his roon1. Hc's .._...._.........._......,.................... to lllllSic.
1 () I don't know hovr to sav this \vord. How is it .............................................. ?
11 Ho\v do VOU ...........______.....___..................... this \\lindo\v? Call 'lOll sho\\l (ne?
, ,
[55]

UNIT
24
Regular and irregular verbs
A
H..egnbr verbs
The past <;iJllpLe and past participle of n:Rular verbs is -ed:
clean -7 c1eaned live  lived paint --? painted
Past simple (==} Unit 11)
. I cleaned 111V sh oes yesterday.
 ." "
. Charljc studied engineering at university.
study --? studied
H.1St participle
Prescn,t pcf(yt = have/has + past participle (==} Units 15-1H):
. I have cleaned nlV shoes.
, .
. Jane has lived ill London for ten years.
Passi1;(' = be (is / are / were / has becn etr.) + past partio].Jlc (=> Units 21-22):
. These rOOIllS arc cleaned everv day.
, ,
. My car has been repaired.
B [rrcgllbr verbs
The past silupIc and past participle of irft:ular verbs are not -ed:
Inake break cut
past sirnplc 111adc broke cut
past participle nlade broken cut
SOlllctiIlles the past SilUpIc and past PM"ticiple are the SatHe. For eXdl11ple:
nuke find buv cut
,
past simple } l11.adc found bought cut
past participle
. ] tnadc a cake yesterday. (past simple)
. [have made sonle coffee. (past participle - pn'selJt p('f('rt)
. Butter is nladc fionl 111ilk. (past participle - passirJe present)
So(nl'tinlls the p<lst Silllplc cllld past participle are dtDi'fCtlt. for exunple:
break kno\v beGin (TO
b b
past simple broke knew began went
past jhlfficiplc broken known begun gone
. SOJllcbody hroke this \vi11do\,v last night. (past simple)
. SUI111.body has broken this \vindo\'v. (past IJtlrticiple - present pcf(,(t)
. Th i... \vi ndo\v was broken last. night. (jh1St partidplc - passj,)(' past)
[56J
list of irregular verbs => APPENDIX 2-3
spelling (regular verbs) => APPENDIX 5

".
...
" 24.1
...
...
...
... 24.2
...
...
"
24.3
,
'.
,
...
"
...
...
" 24.4
...
\
,
'\
...
...
...
...
...
EXERCISES
UNIT
24
Write the past simple / past participle of these verbs. (The past simple and past participle are the same for
all the verbs in this exercise.)
1 lllake ...___.
2 cut ..,....
3 get .............................,.........,.........
4 bring ............................................
5 l)ay -----..,' ....---..,. .----... ...----..... ..--.-.,.
() C11] ())r ............. ........,.... ...__..", ..._____
7 bll\r "..__.......................................__..
,
o
o SIt ......._____.....__._......,......................"
l) leave _____...._________...._._____......__.........
'10 happen ....................__......_______.....
11 11car ...................______.......___............,..
12 l)llt ,....................____......._____............,..
13 catch .............................___......_____.....
14 \\latch __.............,...................________..,
15 nnderstand ___...,...........................
Write the past simple and past participle of these verbs.
1 break __r9.... __r 6 run ..................
2. begin .....,....__...... _.....____....____ 7 speak ........,.........
3 eat .......___..,..... ...............___ 8 \,vntc .......,..........
4 drink ..,............... ......__..,....... 9 COllIe __......,.........
5 drive .................. .................. 10 kllO\-\l ______.........._.
1 1 ta ke .._---_......--.-- ...................
1 2 (TO ................----- -........--........
b
13 (TlVC ..................--- ...------..........
b
1 4 th rO\l ..................-... ...._-----........
15 [orrTe-t .................... ......-------..----
h
Put the verb in the right form.
I ] __n._... 111Y hclnds bccause they \\7ere dirty'. (\\rash)
2 Sornebody has '___rQ.____ this \ivindO\\>7. (l"?reak.)
3 I feel g ood. I ....__....._____...._______.....______ very \i\!ell last night. (sleet") )
  . 
4 We ...................................... a very g ood filnl vcsterday. ( sce )
J c.. .J .
5 It ...................................... a lot \vhile \\le \vere on holiday. (rain)
6 I've ...................................... IllY bag. (lose) Have YUll ...--................................. it? (see)
7 R.osa's bicycle \iVaS .m...'............................... last ,veek. (steal)
8 I __..,...___....,..__.........__..,.... to bed early bccluse I \vas tired. (go)
() (lave YOll ...................................... your v\lork yet? (finish)
10 The shopping ccntre \vas ,...............,.,................... about 20 years .lg0. (build)
11 Ann ...................................... to drive \.-vhen she \vas 1 S. (learn)
12 I've never ,..................................... a horse. (ride)
13 Julia is a good fi-ielld of nlinc. I've ....................................., her h)r ..1.1ong tiTlle. (knovv)
14 Yesterday I _...._______....______...________..... and .................'.................... IllY leg. (hIll / hurt)
Complete these sentences. Choose from the list and put the verb into the correct form.
cost drive fly u"lokc
wake up win
1 [have ........ SOIlle coffee. Would you likc SOllle?
2 J lave you ...................................... J ohn about vour llC\i\! J . ob?
" ... J ...
3 Wc pl.1ycd b.lsketball on Sunday. We didn't play ve-ry \.-vell but \\7e ........,....._____................... .
4 I kn<wv Gary but I've nevcr ....................................., his wife.
S We \-vere ______..________...._..__........._... by loud Illusic in the luiddle of the night.
6 Stephanie jUlllped into the rivcr and ....,................................. to the other side.
7 l)id YOll like the tilTn?' Yes, I .__....,..._______........_........... it \\'as very good.'
 Many different languages are .........,...._...__..,..._______..,.. ill thc Philippines.
9 Our holiday .....__............................... a Jot of nloney because \.-ve stayed in an expensive hotcl.
10 Have- VOli ever ..,...____........_......,.........,.. a vcrv fast car?
 J
11 All the tickets for the concert \i\!CIT ............................,......... very quickly.
12 A bird .......__.......__.__...,..____....... in through thc opcn \v,indo\v \vhile \ve \-\i'erc h.:l\Ting our dinller.
meet
sell
think
speak
.
SWUll
tell
[57J

UNIT
25
I used to ...
A
DA VF. TODl\ Y
" '-
,
:! ,..
S£ 
- 'i!'1 J _ 1
, --' - :   - ....
, - -.  ..." ...
',",-' - 
_, ". IIJI--..." .,-
:--: .;. .t. ....:. 1i -----
j . .
 ,,\ -
J.. '.\1'.\ ". 1lf'
]);lve used to work in a [lctory. No\\.' he works in a supennarket.
])ave used to work in a factory = he \\Torked in a factory before but he doesn't \vork there no\.v:
I .
.---- he used to \vork ----I .-------------- he \vorks --------------...
I
I
past : NOW
B You call say I used to work ... I she used to have ... I they used to be ... ete.:
be
1/ youl \;ve I they 1 used to work
he/she/it J have
play etc.
. When [ \vas a child, I used to like chocolate.
. I used to read a Jot of books but I don't read
IlllICh these days.
. Liz has got short hair nO\\1 but it used to be
very long.
. They used to live ill the sanle street as us,
so \ve often used to see thenl. But \ve don't
see thein very often these days.
J J
. Ann used to have a piano but she sold it ,l fe\.\!
years a g o.
J ..
The negative is I didn't use to ... :
. When I \vas a child I didn't use to like tornatocs.
The question is did you use to ... ?:
. Where did you use to live before you canle here?
C We use used to ... ouly f{)r the pasr. You cannot say 'I use to . _.' (present):
. I used to play tennis. These days I play golf (not '1 use to ptlY golf')
. We uSluHy get up early. (rwt 'We use to get up early.')
l58]

,
'.
25.1
"
"
,
"
"
"
"
,
....
25.2
"
'\
...
"
"
....
...
,
...
"
25.3
,
"
...
....
"
"
EXERCISES
Look at tile pictures. Complete the sentences with used to ... .
It
... ?., ,.._.t9.__.'{, ,9,-..--..".
11 o.lr .
4 ' KO\\l .. 
 --f WUvU1L : N.
" ....._ 1  .  -=
_ I D - '-'_
. .r. _. D d
 ",,', \..  . - ;' . .;
. .,.- r f.-'" ".
l,-," \' '1' f:fJ .. . '.<. ,:- ,
.jA"-.:., ,;", ( OUR OOlo1S£ IN TIlt C0(.1!'iTRY
,  ""-.- .." lWf-NTY YEARS A(j(J .
in the countrv.
I
2 NO \X/ When I wo..s -;
"...--...",,, HOLl nger . . . . .......-
j, y- .>. .) .1]1 J) 0
".\-
., - )
.W
\\, { r-----; *i'' .
\\' \ It"' --" ' ,- ."
. -:-
.\,
He ._._................................. ........................,
fc.)()tball.
5
UNIT
25
a taxj driver.
This building ....m..............................
'--
Karen works very hard and has very little free time. A few years ago, things were different.
L)o YOl: do any sport?
1)0 YOll go out in the eveninbrs?
])0 you playa l11usical
instnllllent?
[)o you like readilIg?
Do VOll travcllllt1ch?
- J
KAREN A l"E\V YEARS 1\<.;0
Yes, I go S\Vinlllling every
dav and I I )1av vol1cvbalL
I J J
Yes, 11lUSt evcninbTS.
Yes, the guitar.
Yes, I read a lot.
Yes, [ go 1\vay l.\VO or three
tunes a vear.
J
Write sentences about Karen with used to ... .
J ...n.. , ...9.....,9..Y!:i, ,,.,...
2 S Il e .......,............................................................................,.......
3 . .......... ......... ........' .....,..... ........'. .....,....' ............ .....,...... ............ .....
/""
r- _
.,.. L.-,
-q
-----
K l\l U,':' N N () \.'\!
I'
...1)
,-'.:"" ':J
. . .:;
,.-. -
- .....
- L - I
\ .
. 
I Nork veY!:i
l1o..r<l i¥\ m!:i job.
I donjt l1a.ve
a.n!:i free Me.
4 ___.....,. .._____.... _____._.., ............' ............ ........." .........." ...____..,.. __......,
5
() ......,'. ........', ........", .--.---...., -----.--"" .........., .............. ........,. ........".
Complete these sentences. Use used to or the present simple (I play / he lives etc.).
'1 I ......P... tcnnis. I stopped playing a fc\v years ago.
2 1)0 yon do any sport?' 'Yes, I ..P...... basketball.
3 'I lave you g rot a car?' 'Nt), I __.......______.......______....__.____._..... one but I sold it:
J .....
4 George .______..____.....__.__........____........... a \vaiter. No\v he's the 11ll1uger of a hotel.
5 '1)0 YOli go to '\lork by car?' 'Soluetillles but Illost days I ....______......._____.....m................ by train.'
6 When I \VJS a chi]d, I never .............................................. Blcat, but I eat it 1l0\.V.
7 Mary loves \\71tching TV. She ..,............................................ TV every t'venillg.
8 We .............................................. Ilear the airport but \v<..' tnovcd to the city centre a fe,v years ago.
9 NOfInal1y I start \\'ork at 7 0' dock, so I ............................................., up very early_
10 What galnes ......................... you .............................................................. 'v hen you \.verc a child?
[59]

UNIT
26
A
B
c
What are you doing tomorrow?
JJL:J
They are playing'tennis (now).
llc is playing tennis tomorrow.
We use alu/is/are + -ing (present continuous) fin" sOIlH.,thing happening no\v:
. 'Where are Sue and Caroline?' 'They're playing tennis in the park.'
. Please be quict. I 'n1 working.
We also use am/is/are + -ing fc.)r thcJilfurc (tOIl10ITO\V / next \veek etc.):
. Andre\v is playing tennis tOlllOlTO\V.
. 1'111 not working next \\reek.
I aln doing something tomorrow = I have arranged to do it, I have a plan to do it:
. Alice is going to the dentist on Fricl.1y.
(= she has an appointinent to see the dentist)
. Wl're having a party next \:vcckcnd.
. Are you Ineeting Bill this evening?
. What are yon doing tOlnOrrO\V evening?
. I'tn Bot going out tonight. I'n1 staying at bOine.
You can also say 'I'nl going to do sOInething' (==> Unit 27).
i', I \ J))
, 1 " I
'"
, 
Do not use the presC'nt sin1ple (I stay / do you go cte.) for plans and arrangen1ents:
. I'm staying at hOlue this evening. (not 'I stay')
. Are you going out tonight? (n,ot 'Do YOll go')
. Ann isn't coming to the p<lrty ncxt \vcC'k. (not 'Ann doesnJt corne')
But Vie llse thl'" present silnple for tillletables, prograullnes, trains, buses ete.:
. "rhe train arrives .:It 7.30.
. What tinle does the filnl finish?
C{)111parc:
present continuous - usually f'()}- people
. 1'111. going to a concert tOlllorro\V.
. What tinlC are you Icaving?
prcsent simple - tinletable$, progranllllCS ete.
· The concert starts at 7.30.
· What tilHe does your train leave ?
[60] present continuous => I!I:IIIIII present simple => UNITS 5-7 rnl going to ... => I!I:IIID

---
",.......,
..-..
26.1
----.
r'.
,....
..........

-.
1
- 2
3
EXERCISES
UNIT
26
Look at the pictures. What are these people doing next Friday?
1 ANDRE\X/
2 RI( :J-IARD
3 Hi\RB/\R,.\
4 DENISE
5 TUJ\;l AND SUE
---...
}:'.. .
..A4!,...,P.9,,?___..fr_,,__
H..ichard ............................................. to the cinerna.
IJ r11a ra ......" ......",. .....", ........", .........", ........... .........", ..._..._..
4 m._.............................______....._________,.... lunch with Ken.
-
J .." .___00.." ....00.....", ............ ....__.." .._________, _______...., .....00...... .......,." ,_
r--.
26.2 Write questions. All the sentences are 'future.
----.
r--..
-
r 26.3
/'""'
r---
/'"'
-
26.4
,,-..
"r-
.r-
,,-..
,-
,.......,
-
--
1 (YOll / go / out / tonight?)
,2 (you / \!'v'ork / next \,veek?)
3 (\rhat / you / do / tornOlTO\'V evening?)
4 (\vhat. tinle / your fi-iellds / arrive?)
5 (when / Liz / go / on holiday?)
.. .,.r, ,H9-..,9Q9--., ,r?.....
Write sentences about yourself. What are you doing in the next few days?
1 .J.rr'..._g..__P.,b__"._
2 ..r..9g9..,.-,..,9-----.--
3 '00'" ._00...' '_00"_'" ..00..." ..____..., ._0000...." ._00..."'. ..0000..'..' .......,...,. ............,. ........'". ..00...." .________., ..._._00..." ....00....... .........,. ..___....'" ...___...... '____00..". .......
4 ___.. ______.. .___.... __ _____.,. _______..,. .______..,. ..____.... _ _______..". ___00...". .__0000...'... .............. ........... ........". ....____..., __ _____.,'" _ __00....".. ............. ........,... ______..,. _____00..
5 _.., ._____., ..----., , ..____.., ..______.... ______". ..------, , __ .______.... __ .______... _ .______.."'. _ ...00....",.. .......... ........... ..........,. ...____..... .__._00..".. ..00.....,... .........,... 00__...'. ..______..
() ... ................' ........... ......... ............ .......... ........... ............. _00______".. _________.,. .________..,. _ __00...".. ......."" .........,.. ..00.....'.. ______.... ..____.00..". ............ .....00.".
Put the verb in the present continuous (he is leaving etc.) or present simple (the train leaves etc.).
1 'Are BOtA. g oin g ( r / 0' ) 1 . r . i' ' N I , .' - . J .
-......---i..::I-----..., ..-.---. ..---- you 00 out t liS C'"\ erung. 0, 111 too tu en.
2 ...W,r._.999....... (vve/ go) to a concert this evening. .!t.....n__ (it/ stlrt) at 7.30.
3 Do you knO\\l about Sally? ...._m_......_________...________.........__m............................ (she/get) 111arried next Inonth!
4 A: tvly p3rcnts .......................................................n.___......m______. (go) on holiday next \veek.
B: () h, that's nice. Where ......................................'......00.........________...______.... (they / go)?
:; Silvia is doing an English course at the 11l0luellt. The course --................................______....._________..._.m............
(finish) 011 Fride")",
6 There's a footballillatch tOlllOrrO\i\' but .............m.................................m......________......._m (1/ not/ go).
7 ......m_......m......nn.......m........mm......mm......mm (I/ go) out w'ith SOllle fi'iends tonight. Why don't YOll COIlle
too? ...._.......m_........._..........._....................................... (\Ve/lneet) at John'5 house Jt 8 o'clock.
R A: Ho\v m....__m......m_......'mm........m............................ (you/get) hOlne 3fter the party tOlllOrrO\v? By taxi?
n: No, I can go by bus. The last bus .........n.................................... m .........____...... mmn (leave) at 111idnight.
 A: Do you \.vallt to go to the cinen1J tonight?
13: Yes, vI/hat titne _.._..__________..._________...._______......______n.......m.............................. (the filtH / begin)?
lOA: What ______..__m_......._____....._____......,.._______....._______......._____. (yuu/ do) next MOllday afternoon?
B: ._m_.... ...00....' ...m...... "'m_" ..____....... ..________.. ..__.______ (1/ \,vork) .
161

UNIT
27
I'm going to ...
A
1\,,10RNIN(;
She is going to watch TV this evening.
We use a11.1./is/arc going to... for the.flllun.>:
I am do ...
he/she-lit . (not) going to drink. . .
IS
V\,lc/you/they are \v.ltch ...
an1. I buy ... ?"
. he/she/it going to ea t ... ?
IS
are v\lc/vou/tllev \vear . . . "I
. .J
,
"..JJ
THIS EVENIG
B I am going to do sornething = I helVe decided to do it, IllY iutention is to do it:
] d.ecided to do it
*
I'ln going to do it
NOW
past

future
. I'nl going to buy S01l1e books t0I1101TO\\'
. Sarah is going to sell her car.
. I'm not going to have breakfast this 11lorning. I'n1 not hungry.
. What are you going to wear to the party tonight?
. 'Yonr hands arc dirty: 'Yes, I kllO\1v'. I'n1 going to wasil thern.'
. Are you going to invite John to your party?
We also use the present continuous (I anI doing) for the future, usually h.)r lrrclngcnlcnts
(==> Unit 26):
. I am playing tennis vv'ith Julia tOlnOrrO\v.
C S0I11ething is going to happen
SOlllt'thing is going to happen = it is clear flOW that
it is sure to happen:
. Look at the sky! T t's going to rain.
(b1ack c10uds HOUI ---1- rain)
. Oh deelr! It's 9 o'clock and rIll not rcady.
I'm going to be late.
(9 o'clock now and not re.1dy  1ate)
r 621 presenl for rhe- furure => I!I&II \-vill::::::} UNITS 28-29
-

\
EXERCISES
27.1 What are these people saying?
\
,
"
,
,
"
,
"
"
,
.\
27.2
'\
"'.
,
"
,
"
'27 .3
,
"
.....
'"
1
"
2
''£1.4
-.,
"
I<
3
UNIT
27
 . -:
Complete the sentences. Use going to + one of these verbs:
eat do give lie down stay walk w-ash watch .wVCflr
1 Mv hands ,lre dirtv. ...r...99..J...------ thL.lll.
I ,
2 What ...,YQ..9g9.J.......... to rhe parry tonight?
3 I don't \"allt to go hOl11e by bus. I ...........................,..............m___....'.______.....______......______. .
4 J ohn is g 'Oin g -'- to london next \veek. f-Ie __............................................................................... ,"virh sonIc.:' friends.
... 4.. '-
5 1'111 hungr)' I ..................________..______........__........................................ this sanchvich.
6 It's Sharon's birthday next \veek. We ..............................m...........__.....,..___.........______.......___.. her a present.
7 Sue says she's feeling very tired. She ............................._______......_______......_____,...._______,...._______ for all hour.
B There \ a good funl on TV this evening. ...., ,..-----.................. you ....m...............,.......................................______.. it?
.9 What. ............................... Rachel ....___.....,...........,............................................. \vhell sht' leaves school?
Look at the pictures. What is going to happen?
o
.:...
-
.J ---999, ,..r.." ........" '.m...'" .------...,. ..-----..., ,..
'l 11 e slle] f .... .......,.. ........... .--__...,. ..----..... ............ ....................
3
4

.. '''''.I"..I)' ,<
....\If!)II.., 
...
"
,.
' / /-,. =
3 TIlt" C3 r .........................................................,......................
4 I Ie........ ......,..... ........'.. ..__....... ............. ...n........ ........... ............
What are you going to do today or tomorrow? Write three sentences.
1 I 'Ill .____.., ,..__...." ........... .........", ..n..." .....--..... ..--...,." ....--...'" .........",. .............. ............ .......... ............ ............ ............. ........... ........... ........",..
2
3
. . . .. _ _... .. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . . ..   _ _. . . . . e....... . . . . . . ........ . . . . e e _ _ _ _. . . . '. _ _ _ _. .. . . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . . . . e e _ _ _ _. . . . . . e e _ _ _ _. . . . . . . e e.."" e"" . . . . or.........". . . . . . ..... e." . . . . ........... . . . . . ....... e e. . . . ......... e. . . . . .. e....... . . . . ........" e" " . . . e..... e... . . . . e
[63]

UNIT
28
will/shall (1)
A
S A It,l\1-I
0)
Sarah goes to \vork every day. She is ahvays
there fi-0111 R.30 until 4.30.
It is 11 0' dock 110\\'. Sarah is at work.
At 11 0' dock yesterday, she was at \\'ork.
At 11 o'dock tOlTIOITO\V, she will be at work.
will + ilfl1lifitJe (will be / will win / will C0111C ('fr.):
be
I/"\vc/you/they ! will ('II) .'
win
he/shc/it will not (won't) eat
cotne de.
be?
will [/vve/you/thev win?
, J
he/she/it eat?
come? de.
'll = will: I'll (I \vi11) / you'll / she'll eie.
won't = will not: J won't (= I w.ill not) / you won't / she won't ete.
B We use will for thejilfHfc (tonl0rrow / next week etc.):
. Sue travels a lot. Today she is ill Madrid. TOlllOrrO\V she'll be in g,.oll1e. Next \leek
she'll be in Tokyo.
. YOLI can phone 1l1C this cvening. Pll be elt honle.
. Leave the old brceul in the garden. The birds will eat it.
. We'll probabJy go out this evening.
. Will you be at hOlllC this evening?
. I won't be here tOll101TO\V. (= I \,vill not be here)
. f)on't drink coffee before you go to bed. You won't sleep.
We often say I think ... will ... :
J
. I think Diana will pass the exarn.
. I don't think it will rain thi.s afternoon.
. Do you think the eXclIll will be difficult?
C We do not use will for things \ve helve arranged Of" decided to do ( Units 26-27):
. We're going to the cinerna on Saturday. (not 'We \vill go')
. I'm not working tOlllOlTO\V. (not '1 "\von't \vork')
. Are you going to do the exalll? (not 'Win you do')
D Shall
You can say I shall (= I ".vill) and we shall (= "\ve \\Till):
. I shall be late to 1llO rrovv. Of" I will (I'll) be late tOI110rro\v.
. 1 think we shall win. Of" I think we will (well) win.
But do nor lIse shall \vith you/they/he/she/it:
. TotTI will be 1.lte. (not 'TOlIl shall be')
164] What are you doing t011.10rrow? =:::} mIiJ rIll going to ... =:::} I!miID will/shall (2) =:::} 

.....
........
......
",,28.1
.......
......
......
.......,
28.2
-
.......
-...
.....
........
28.3
.....,
.......
........
........
",28.4
-
.....
'"'"
-,
28.5
.......
EXERCISES
UNIT
28
Helen is travelling in Europe. Complete the sentences with she was, she's or she'll be.
1 Yesterday ..,._....... in Paris.
2 TOl110rro\-v __.........................,.______... in AInsterdanl.
3 Last \-veek ...........,.............._____.....__ in Barcelona.
4 Next \veek ..............____..,................. in London.
5 At the 1110nlcnt _.............................,.,.____ in Brussels.
6 Three Lhys ago ..................._....._____........ in Munich.
7 At the end ofhcr trip ________..,........................___ very tired.
Where will you be? Write sentences about yourself. Use:
t.OND 
IIEI EN r'NE;TIoo'WE  K) AMnERDAt-\
, ,.. _.  _ (TOMORROW)
. .
..   BRUSSELS
,d'"  . (NOW)
-4 PARIS .
'. (YESTERDAY) MUNICH
..(-y (3 DAYS AGO)
,ElONA ,,
QAST WEE t<) .J
I'll be ... or I'll probably be ... t)f I don't know where I'll be.
(at 10 0' dock tonl01TO\V)
..r,.pr,4J..p.._...,........QR"r......g.,.QK..L........r.,_:...
2 ( () 11 e 110 II r fr() 111 11 O\v) ...... ......,.'. .-----..,. ..........".. ............. .........',. .------..... .....--..,. ........".. ............ ......... .........", ..--------. --.... .-.-----...,...
3 (a t llli dn i gh t tonight) ....", ..m_.". ..-----..,.. ........... ..........." ....------... ..-------., , ........... ............ .......... ....---..". ...-----.... .--.---....."., ..........",..
4 (at 3 0' dock tOl110rrO\V afternoon) .....-... ,...----.--.........................................---.-......----...........--............................. ................
5 (t\Vl) years £i-o III 11 ()\-Y v ) --..'" ..--.......... ........" ..----...".. .-----...".. ............ ............ ..---...,. .------.., ....--...." .............. ........... .........."". .-----.-...,
Put in will ('II) or won't.
)
1 I )on't drink cotfee before you go to bed. You .....t.., sleep.
2 'Arc YOlI ready yet?' 'Not yet. I ....m__....'...__................... be ready ill five nllnutes.
3 I'nl going ;1\vay for a fe\v days. l'lllieaving tonight, :\0 I ..................................... be .It hOlne tOIll0rrO\V.
4 It ............____......__..,........... rain, so you don't need to take an ll1nbreHa.
5 A: I don't fed vcry \vell this evening.
B: \YJeJI, go to bed early and you ...........................__....,.,.. feel better in the 1110rning.
6 It's Hill's birthday next Monday. He ..........__........._______.......... be 25.
7 rin sorry I \ras late this lllorning. It ......_____........................... happen again.
Write sentences beginning I think... or I don't think... .
1 (Diana \rin pass the exaln) _.J..#1...P....P._.......:....
2 (Diana \VOI1't pass the CXall1) ...Lt...P....P..,...:.--
3 (\\lC '11 \\iill tile ga III e) I ....,...... .--........ ..------.."... ............... .......... .........' ...--.-....... .---.-..... ...---....... .............. ............ ..........
4 (I \\lon't be h cre tOl11orrovv) ........'" ...m_....'. .............. ...........", ......-...., ..------..' ,....--...." ..--........ ............ ..........., .....--...., ...-.--.... ,.
5 (5 llC ",vi 11 like her presen t) ,.........". ..........', .......__..,'.. .._..___...,. ............ ............ ..........,. ...--....., ...m__..... ..----.-..". ....--...". ...--.....,
6 ( tl1 e)r \\r() 11 ' t get 01arri cLl) " .............. ..--....,.. .-------...'" ....----........ ............ .......... ..--.....". .-----..... ...---........ .----...."... ............ .......
7 (you \von't enj oy th e filtn) .. ..........., ..---.--...... ...----....,... ............. .........., ......--.. .....----..., ..........., .............. ............. .........., .........
Which is right? (Study Unit 26 before you do this exercise.)
1 -l-ge- / We're going to the theatre tonight. Weve got tickets. We're going is right
 2 'What \,Tin you do / are you doing tOIIlorrow evening?' 'Nothing. 1'111 fi-ce.'
3 They']] go / They're going l.\vay tOlllorTO\\1 nlorning. Their train is at 8.40.
-. 4 r.ll sure she'll lend / she's lending us S0111e Inoney. She's vcry rich.
5 'Why are you putting on your coat?' ' I'll go / rill going out.'
 6 Do you think Claire vvill phone / is phoning us tonight?
7 Steve can't Il1Cet us on Saturday. He'll \-york / He's \-\lorking .
-.. 8 Will / Shall you be at hor11e tonlOrrO\V evening?
-..
-
[65]

UNIT
29,.
will/shall (2)
A
You can use I'll ... (I "vill) \'lhen YOll (lTcr or decide to do sOJuething:
. '!Viy bag is very heavy.' 'I'll carry it tor YOll.'
. 'I'll phone YOll tOJll0nU\V, l)K?' 'l)K, goodbye.'
We often say I think I'll ... / I don't think I'll ... \vhen vv'e decide to do sOBlething:
. ['Ul tired. I think I'll go to bed early tonight.
. It's a nice day. I think I'll sit .in the garden.
. It's raining. I don't think I'll go out.
1)0 rwt use the present sinlple (I go / 1 phone de.) in sentences 1ikc these:
. I'll phone you tOlllOITO\.V, ()T{? (not 'I phone you')
. I think I'll go to bed early. (not '[ go to bed')
B ))0 not use I'll _.. f(n- sOInething you decided before ( U'nits 26-27):
. I'tn working tOlllO!TO\N. (not 'I'll \:vork')
. There's a good filJll on TV tonight. )"tTI going to watch it. (not 'I'll \'latch')
. What are you doing at the \\reekend? (not 'What \vill you do')
c
Shall I ... ?
Sha1l we ... ?
1  .
Shall I/we ... ? = 1)0 YOtI think this is a good thing to do? Do you thillk this is ..1 good idea?
. It's very \:vann in this r00I11. Shan I open the vllindo\;v?
. 'Shall I phone you this evening?' 'Yes, plcase.'
. 1'111 going to a party tonight. What shall I wear?
. It's a nice day. Shall we go for a \valk?
. Where shall we go for ollr holidays this year?
. 'Let's go out this evening.' 'OK, \:vhat tinle shall we tneet?'
What are you doing tomorrow? => B]J I'ln going to ... => mD will/shall (1) ==> 
(66 ( Let's => ImIIID

EXERCISES
UNIT
29
29.1 Complete the sentences. Use I'll (I will) + one of these verbs:
do
cat
eftfry
t
2
3
4
Nly LXlg is very heavy.
Pnjoy your holiday.
] don't \VUlt this banana.
Do you \\rant a chair?
l)id YOll phone Jenny?
Are you C(nlling \vith IDe?
I-J.O\V do you use this G1111era?
-
::>
6
7
send
show
sit
stay
.r...r.y..... it for you.
T'hank you. .___...._____............................................... you a postcard.
Well, rnl hungry. ....................................................,......... it.
No, it's ()K. ..........................___.....,.............___n......___ on the Hoor.
Oh no, I t{)rot. .......______......n......................................... it nO\\7.
....
No, I dOll't think so. ............................................................... herc.
Give it to l11e and ..................................,.........................., you.
29.2 Complete the sentences. Use I think I'll ... or I don't think I'll ... + one of these verbs:
buy ge have play
1 It's cold tod.,.y. ...L....r'n9g,.,-- out.
2 r 111 h un g 'rrv. I ..... ........ ,......, ,......., ,..nn..' '..n....." ,........,.. .............. .........." ,........., ,...n. S()llletilill g to ea t.
'-. .
3 [t-ee] tired. .... ....... ..n.... ..nn." .......... ............. ............ .......... ........n... ....nn...... "'n'" tel) Ilis.
4 This ca In era is too expensive. ......... ....m..... .....___n........___..... ,........... ,........... ........... ........... ...........,... it.
29.3 Which is right?
1 1-j:}f.}eB:e / I'll phoue you tOl1l0rn.)\V, 0 K? I'll phone is right
2 I haven't dOll the shopping yCL 1. do / I'll do it later.
3 I like sport. I \vatch / I'll \\ratch a lot of sport. on TV
4 I need SOllle excrcise. I thiuk I go / I'll go t()r l \valk.
S Jin1 is going to buy / \vill buy ;l nevv' car. He told Ine last "\veek.
(, "This letter is for R.osc.' 'OI{.l.g ive / I'U give / 1'111 going to give it to her.'
7 A: Are YOlt doing / Will you do anything this evening?
B: Yes, I'n oiug / I'll go o.nt ,"vith S01l1e ii-iends.
Write sentences with Shall I ... ? Choose words from Box A and Box B.
29.4
. 'l} :\, ? '..) ,
.. .

A
turn 011
turn off
lllake
'1
1 It's \leYy \..vann in this 1'00111.
2 'This progranune isn't vcry good.
3 1'111 hungry.
4 It's cttrk in this rOO1l1.
n
SOlllC saud\,viches
the ..,vindov. T
the television
the light
..,h".!...Q...#J.....4P,?,
29.5 Write sentences with Shall we ... ? Choose words from Box A and Box B.
\vhat
wlu H-H=tte
\vhere
\vho
A
1
2
3
4
Let's go out tonight.
Let's have a holiday.
Let's spend S01l1C rnoney.
Lct's have a party.
B
buy
go
invite
IlllTt
OK, .......:......,?
OK, ...... ..........", .....n.". .n.___..... ...nn..." ..nn...'.' ...n....." ....n....'" ...........".
() K, ....,. .........., ' , ..._....." ...nn....' ...n.....'. ..n......" ....,-...." ,..........", ,.........",.
() K, ....,... .........'" ..n___..". .._n....... .nnn.'" ...nn....' ........." ...........",. .........,..
[67]

UNIT
30


might


A


M1ere are HOU going
for Hour l1o
s'?




o oO
?, ,
\ \ 1 , I

 f.
\\ \ '\ \
)... r;
r.,!

-fuW
 \ (
, /


.. . ...
.... . tit. . ,
, ... ... . . iii
. ..., ....
 . .
...I....."......
 t....11

. . - ... "'.....

... .; III ........ - . ....
.. . _".IiI. ..oil. . ."IW.."


:

..., .... 'J'f,r_:!-""::

:: ..
c.. ;,.
::


.
. .
!


 !
.
.. .;.
. ' . . . . .
.. . .
.. . . .. " .' t


.



:.v

:: .. ;-:

r
'J

 ;'!'.

..
..;::..:::. . .,.J........
-:::=.


He Illight go to N e\v V<.">l'k.
(= it is possible that he \vilJ go to Nc\v York)


It 111ight rain.
(= it is possible that it \vill rain)


111ight + il
fl11iti1J(' (n"1ight go / nught be / might rain etc.):


be
[/vo"re/yoll/thcy I1light (not) go
hc/shelit play
come elc.


B I nlight ... = it is possible that I \vin ... :
. r n"light go to the cinelna this evening. (= it is possIble that I \vil1 go)
. A: 'When is Oarbara going to phone you?
B: [don't kIlO\i\r. She ll"1ight phone this afternoon.
. Take an llI11bre]Ja \vith you. It might rain.
. Buy a lottery ticket. You tnight be lucky. (= perhaps you \-viIi be lucky)
. 'Are you going out tonight?' 'I tnight: (= I rnight go out)
Study the difference:
. 1'11"1 playing tennis tOl1l0rrO\v. (sure)
I might play tennis tOIllOITO\\T. (possibh)
. Barbara is going to phone later. ("lire)
Uarbara n"light phone later. (possible)


c


The negative is might not:
. I 111ight not go to \vork tOlllOITO\V. (= it is possible that I \vill not go)
. Sue u"1ight not con1e to the pclrty. (= it is possible that she \\Till not cOllIe)


D


111ay
V(H] ell] use Illay in the S.lillC \vay. Inlay... = I Inight ... :
. I Illay go to the cinelna this evening. (= [ tnight go)
. Sue ulay not COllle to the party. (= Sue Blight not COllIe)
May I ... ? = Isit Ol{ to... I Can I ... ?:
. May I ask a question? (= Can I ask?)
. 'May I sit here?' 'Yes, of course.'


[68] will
 UNITS 28.29 can
 I!DII




EXERCISES
UNIT
30
30.1 Write sentences with might.
1 (it's possible that I'll go to the cinerna)
? (it'::; possible that I'll see you tOIl10rrO\.v)
3 (it's possible that Ann \viti forget to phone)
4 (it's possible that it \\riU snovv today)
5 (it's possible that]'11 be late tonight)
Write sentences with might not.
6 (it's possible that .M,ary \-vill not be here) ....................................____....,.__.__....,__._____...._..___.......................................
7 (it's possible that I v,,'on't have tilne to 11leet you) ... ..................,...._____....._______.......___........___..........._______..................
..J...t!,9n...,.......
I .....,'. ..____.....,.. ..__....., .__.......,.. .n__...'... ...__........ ........... ............. ........."..__
30.2 Somebody is asking you about your plans. You have some ideas but you are not sure. Choose from the list
and write sentences with I might.
fish go away I taly Monday new car taxi
I
2
3
4
5
6
Where are you going for your holidays?
What arc you doing at the vveekcnd?
When \/il1 you see Ann agajn?
What are \lOU g oin g to have for dinner?
J "- .
Ho\v are you going to get hotue tonight?
I hear YOll \\lOn SOllle rnoney. What are
you going to do vvith it?
I'nl not sure. __J__..g....J.:.
[ don't knovv. I ,.............._____......__._______....______........._____..
['111 11()t Sllre. ...................................__..."'..__.__.__......__.,____
I don't kl1o\v. ..... ""___'" ............ .............. ............. ....___.....
1'111 llot Sllre. ..,.. ...__....... ...__..... ............,.. .............. ..........,
I haven't decided yet. ......___.n...................................
30.3 You ask Bill questions about his plans. Sometimes he is sure but usually he is not sure.
1
2
3
4
Are you p1.:1ying tennis tornorrovv?
Are you going out in the evening?
Are you going to get np early?
Are you \vorking tOJl10rro\v?
Win you be at h01l1e tonlOrrO\V l1lorning?
Are you going to \vatch television?
fue you going out in the afternoon?
Arc you going shopping?
Yes, in the .lfternoon.
Possiblv.
J
Perhaps.
No, 1'111 not.
Maybe.
I rnight.
Yes, I alII.
Perhaps.
J
6
7
8
Now write about Bill. Use might where necessary.
1 ..H?..P..9,...,9.r.rQ.,.QQ,.,...
2 ..H..!:r:'..g........Y-9.,....
3 Hen...'.. .__....,. .0000...'. '0000'."" '__00"" ...0000...'.. ..____...., ..__00__....' ""0000'" _ _ ..000000__...' ..__00._...... ..____...,.. .__.._..,... ............. .......... ....__.....'" ..__......... .00......'.
4 n." '__00" _, "0000'" ..__...".. ______.., ..____...." ..____...,.. ____......, ..______...,.. .______...,... .______...,... .__00....".. .0000...'. __0000...". __.__.._.." ............ .............. ....__...".. .____..."'.
5 00" __00."" __..__.., ...____.".. .......". ........,.. ........... ............. ........,... .........,.,.. .........,.,. ..__..__."... .____.." ..______..., "'000000'" .._____....,... ..____....... ............ .........,...
6 .., ,..__..,. .......... .......... .......... ........... ............ ........... ............. ............. ................ ............ ........... .........". ..____...., ..______..". ...00....." ..__n_....'. ................
7 ... ........ .......... ........., ..__....., .______......______... ..__......,. .____.._..." ..__n...." .._______...". ..______...., .........." ............ ............ ............. .........., .__..__..... ...__n....." ....
8 .........,.. ......., ..___..... ...00...'.. __'00'" ...____00..'.. __00.__.." ____00__...' ..__.......... .__.00.....'... .000000..".. ...00.....' ........." ....___...".. ........... .............. .........,.. .______...,. '0000
30A Write three things that you might do tomorrow.
1 .. ........ ......., ...____.,. ._____.. ...__.00...' ..noon.., ...00.__...' '__00____..' .________..., ..__.__00..... .__0000......' ...0000..." ...00__..,' .....n....' ............. .........,.. .........." .....__...., '____00.__
')
 ..................................----..........______...______..--...............--..........-...................-...............---...........--..............-..-----........--..........--.......... - ....................................................._______0
3 .. ......,. "'__'" ..n....'. ...00..... __'00'" _ __ .0000.'''' "0000'''' .____0000__.".. .__00__...'. .000000.."'. .0000..__'.',. .__00.....'. ___00...... .____.....,. .____.....,... ........... ........", ...__....." "0000__ __,
[6 9 1

UNIT' T
31,
'1" "
can and could
A

I au1 Plo..H Y ' 
tne pio..no. ' 1f
, v-
A' ....
. t .;.'. 11
) , >f . ! ,. , '
( -I ,., ,,
r { r. ". . .'?" tI )
, - .....- ,0... .....W,. .
#1 . . . '..... .," ..'
\:4  ' 't' 1 _ , '
:" ._ tJ ....
, 
f-Ie can play the piano.
can + £nfin£ti1Jc (can do / can play / can corne etc.):
do
1/ \\re / va 11 / thev } can play
, "
he/sheJjt cannot (cant) see
come ctc.
do?
can [/\ve/you/they play?
he-/ shclit see?
C011.1e? de.
B I can do s0l11cthil1g = r know /lOr./l to do it or it is possible for l11e to do it:
. I can play the piano. Nl y brother can play the piano too:
. Sarah can spcak Italian but she can't speak Spanish.
. 'Can you swin...?' 'Yes, but rill not a very good S\VinUller.'
. 'Can Y0tI change t\,venty pounds?' '1'111 sorry, I cant.'
. I'n1 having a party next \\leek but Paul and Jenny can't con...c.
C For the past (yesterday / last week ctc.), \VC llse could/couldn't:
. When I \vas young, I could run very flSt.
· Before Anna carne to Britain, she couldn't understand lunch English. No\v she can
understand everything.
. I \vas tired last night but I couldn't slecp.
. I had a party last \.veek but Paul and Jenny couldn't conIC.
D Can you ... ? Could you ... ? Can I ... ? Could I ... ?
We use Can you... ? or Could you... ? \vhen vile ask people to do things:
. Can you open the door, please? Of Could you open the door, please?
. Can you \vlit a IllOIllcnt, please? Of Could you \vait ... ?
We nse Can I have. .. ? or Could I have. .. ? to ask {(-n- s0I11ething:
. (ill a shop) Can I have these postcards, please? or Could I have ?
Can I ... ? or Could I ... ? = is it OI( to do s0111ething?:
. Toru, can I borrovv your lllnbrella? or Torn, could I horro\v your lunbrella?
. (on the phone) r TeBo, can I speak to Gerry, please? or ... could I speak... ?
[70] May I ... ? => EIIE!I

-
EXERCISES
-
31.1
Ask Steve if he can do these things:
",
-
1   () A;;)
.......
-....
.' '-:"'G
 ,.
2 ''',
., 
tl,:. , .
, ".,
. ':!. //'
.. if"'
i :i.... .
'''.... 
.),.
,M'
y
..
-
5 h..
 7tJ ':'
.. ...,_ r
 :". .... , :"_. 'W,\. .
, " ': ,.-", ,
--
-..
()"
to KII.Uv'ETRES
:1 r1:\'If r
 r:;l 
 .... 
- - .
r I . . .1('
\.. €;'.;:4i+\ ..
" 1'f_"f..._.";
CllESS
g
"' 
'1
. ' STEVF
UNIT
31
1 ---..H9......?.",
2 ...", ............ ........... ............ ........... ........,... ........."" ..........". ........."
(, ,
- . -
3 ...... ............ .......".. .......", ,....__..". ..n.....".. ..........', ...........". ..n......'
4
5
6
"
/ t"-" 
,I r '.'
Can you do these things? Write sentences about yourself. Use I can or I can't.
I;,
Complete these sentences. Use can or can't + one of these verbs:
cotTle find hear see speak
)
1 1"111 sorry but VIlC ..J....... to VOllr P arty next Saturday.
,." J" J
2 l1ike this hord r00I11. Y(>l1 ...._____............................................n....... the nlountains [roll1 the \vindo\v.
3 You are speaking very quietly. I ..........................___............___.......___........ YOLI.
4 Have you seen IllY bag? I ..................................................___......... it.
5 Catherine got the job because she ..................______.......__.._____..,......__........... five languages.
-
-...
7 I ..................................,..................,...
8 ..,. ......"" .......... ....... ,......' .......... ........,...
-
31.2
-...
-...
-
-
<) . .......",.. .........,... ........".. .....--..,.. ...----
1 () .. .......".. ...........,.. ........... ............ .......
11 ....... .........,.. ................ ............ .............
1 ,)
_' ........__.........._..aaa............aa.............a....
 31.3 Complete these sentences. Use can't or couldn't + one of these verbs:
eat decide find go go sleep
-.
I I \vas tired hut I ___:I?...,...
-." 2. [\lasn't hungry yesterday. I .___.....,...___.............................................. IllY dinner.
3 Anll doesn't kno\v \ivhat to do. She ....................................---........-----.......--- .
........ 4 I \vanted to speak to Martin yesterday but I .............................................................. binl.
5 Jill1 ...............___............,............................... to the concert next Saturday. lIe has to vv'ork.
....... G P,lUla ............................................,......__......... to the Ineeting last \veek. She \v(\s ilL
__ 31.4 What do you say in these situations? Use can or could. Use the words in brackets (...).
"
...........
1 (open) --
)
)
',/
..H....P.."..
,.P.r.l..P.?--
""",
-
-,
4 1avc) [;; ,::::::::::::'::: ]
7\ ?
. "=.',(,....., ')
........
-
-
-
2 (pass)
3 (turn 011)
 nmn....m--n---nnm--'.-nnnn---- ]
f't }nnnnmnnmmnnnnm
r, , i ,.T   '\, ·  ;-'
-"''' -1i'
'?'JiiE.iifW;'
,' li!.i'0
:<', ....
,-,. .
 ...... ............. .........." ...........


e-'
SA I T r \
-
"
5 (give)
/.2'
f ,
7"'-'
[711

UNIT
32
must
mustn't
needn't
A
., .':_" .....: '-"...:;!'.::1!fzf!it.:
C 1III\QIf;;MA  x"<".(::!
ff
111ust + irfl11-iti1JC (Illust do / must see etc.):
1
II
. I} ,
I I I
I I I
It's CL fa.nto..stk fiLm .
" . YOu. must see it.
do
r /\ve/you/they lllust stop
he/she/it go
write etf.
-. - .'--;'-. ;,.."
,
,."--:;
B Use must \,,.hen YOll think it is necessary to do s0111cthing:
. 'The \viudo\,vs are very dirty. 1 Inust clean theuJ..
. It's a [lntasric filtn. You must see it.
. We tl1.ust go to the bank today. We haven't got any 11l0ncy.
For the past (yesterday / last week ett.), \ve use had to ... (not ITIUst):
. We had to go to the bank yesterday. (Hot 'We HUlst go ... yesterday')
. 1 had to walk hOllle last l)jght. There \overe no buses. (110t 'I Blust \\ralk')
c
rnustl1't (= HUlst Hot)
I nUlstl1't (do sornething) = lt ls necessary not to do it,
it is the \vrong thing to do:
. I lllllst hurry. I mnstn't be la Le.
. I l11ustn't forget to phone Julia.
(= r l1.1ust relnelnber to phone her)
. 13e h<,ppy! You l1utstn't be sad. (= don't
be sad)
. You 111ustn't touch the pictures.
(= don't touch the pictures)
o needn't (= ueed not)
;.,).,=-.:. )
.. J. :  ': You musw t Wu.d1
.,  l :,'. ,. ttle piclu.res.
, '.. ,.;,.. .  -.
I needn't (do s0t11ething) = it is not lu'CcssClry to do it, T don't need to do it:
. T needn't clean thc \ovindo\vs. Thev aren't verv dirty.
J J J
. You needn't go to the bank today. I Cln give you S0l11C rnoney.
You can also say don't need to ... (= needn't):
. 1 don't need to clean the \vlndo\vs.
. YOll don't need to go to the lxmk today.
COtnpare needn't and mustn't:
. You needl1't go. You can StlY here if you \VUlt.
. You mustn't go. You HUlst stay here.
[72.1 I bave to ... => Im!EI

.....
....
......
......,
32.1
....
'"
"'
""
'"
EXERCISES
UNIT
32
Complete the sentences. Use must + one of these verbs:
be go go learn 111eet wash win
1 We ...-9---.. to the bank today. We haven't got any 111.011L'Y.
2 Nlarilyn is a very interesting person. You __,.......,................................................... her.
3 M v hands are dirtv. I ,...,_..__.................................,.................. thenl.
, ,
4 You ..__,._.._.,................................._.,......,._..... to drive. It \vill be very useful.
5 1 ......,.....................................__,._.....__...... to the post office. T need sanle st3rnps.
6 The garne t01l10ITO\V is very illlportant t"{,r us. We ..,.-...-,--.,.--.--..--....,.-..--..--...-..............__... .
7 You can't ahvavs have thin g s irnmediatdv. You "-.,.--..-............,..............,....................... P atient.
, ... .
32.2 Put in I must or I had to.
"'
.....
""
'.
..... 32.3
"""
.....
.....
"'"
"""
......
......
......
""
32.5
......
-..
......
-...
.....
""
.....
1 ..L,....... go to thc L-Mnk yesterday to get sonle tllOney.
2 It's late. ,__,....._.______.___,_.,............. go no\v.
3 r don °t usually vvork on Saturdays but last Saturday __........,........_.................. \vork.
4 ,..................................... gct up early tOlllorrow. I've got a lot to do.
S I \vent to London bv train last \veek. The train was full and .......,......,.......,............... stand all the \vav.
, ,
6 I \vas nearly late for tllY appointnlcnt thjs luorning. ..,................................. run to get there 011 tlnle.
7 I forgot to phone ])avid yesterday. ...................................... phone hiln later today.
Complete the sentences. Use mustn't or needn't + one of these verbs:
-elean forget hurry lose wait write
1 The \ivindovv's aren't very dirtv. You .J..... then1.
.' ,
2 We bave a lot of tilHe. We .............................................................. .
3 Keep these docutnents in a safe place. You .............................................................. theln.
4 I'll) not ready yet but you ...................................,...................., for rnc. Y'{,U can go no\\' and I'll n>Inc later.
5 We __...........,........................,..........,...,.-.,.-.. to turn off the lights before \ve leave.
6 1 .......................,......,._,______......__.............. the letter 110\.\'. T can do it tOI11orrm,\'.
Find the sentences with the same meaning.
1 We can leave the l11ccting early.
2 We 111ust leave the Ineeting early.
3 We 111ust.n't leave the 1l1ceting carly.
4 We needn't leave the IHeeling early.
5 We had to leave the 111ecting early.
A We must stay until the end.
B We couldn't stay until the end.
C We can't stJV until the end.
,
D We needn't stay until the end.
E We can stay until the end.
1 ..P..............
2 __.._..,._..__......
3 ....................
4
J ....................
Put in must / had to / mustn't / needn't.
] You ....,.. go. You can stay here if you 'want.
2 It's a £u1.tastic fi1rn. You _,.P..., see it.
3 We've got enough food, so \ve '......................,............ . go shopping.
4 We didn't hdve any food yesterday, so \VL' ........,............................. go shopping.
5 I \Vnlt to kno\.v what happened. You ...................................... tell tne.
6 You .........._..__.._.h_................ tell Sue \vhat happened. I don't \:VU1.t her to knovv.
7 [__..___.....__,....................... hurry or I'll be late.
8 'Why \vere you so late?' '[ ,..................................... wait half an hour for:l bus.'
9 We .................................,__.. decide no\v. We can decide later.
[73]

UNIT,
33':
should
A
should + injiniti1l(' (should do / should
watch etc.):
do
I/welvol1/thev } should stop
, J
he/she/it shouldn't go
watch fte
B (You) should do SOlllcthing = it is , good thing to do, it is the right thing to 00:
. TOIlI should go to bed earlier. J--J.e goes to bt'd very late and he's ah\lays tired.
. It's a good fiLn. You should go and see it.
. When you play tennis, you should dhvays watch the ball.
C (You) shouldn't do sOlllething = it is not a good thing to do. Shouldn't = should not:
. 1bl1l shouldn't go to bed so late.
. You \vatch TV all the tillle. YOll shouldn't watch TV so lIluch.
D We often use- think VIlith should:
I think ." should __. :
. I think (-:aro1 should buy sOl1ll" new clothes.
(= I think it is a good idea.)
· It's late. I think I should go h0111<: nO\7.
· A: ShaH J buy this coat?
13: Yes, I think you should.
I don't think ... should ... :
. I don't think you should work so h.ud.
(= I don't think it is a good idea.)
. I don't think "\vc should go yet. I t's too early.
Do you think ... should ... ?:
. Do you think I should buy this hat?
. What titne do you think "\ve should go horne?
E Must is stronger than should:
. It's a good fl1n1. "Y()U should go and see it.
. I t's a fantastic filrll. You must go and see it.
F Another \v'ay to say should ... is ought to ... :
. It's a good fllrn. You ought to go and see it. (= you should go)
. I think Carol ought to buy SOBle ne\.v clothes. (= Carol should buy)
174]
shall  UNITS 28.29
must => I!mII:EJ

EXERCISES
UNIT
33
33.1 Complete the sentences. Use you should + one of these verbs:
clean go take visit .......-latch wear
1 When VOll l )lav tennis, .H...?.P........ the ba]1.
, ,
2 It's late l1)d you're very tired. __......_____.........................................__........______....._____....,.._____, to bed.
3 .................___......._.....,.............,................___......__....,............. your teeth nvice a day.
4 If vuu have tilllC, ....__......_____.....................................------......---.---...... the Science MUSCnI11. It's verv in"tcrestiJl{!.
, ' < 
5 When you're driving, ........................,....____...._____...........................................m..... a seat belt.
6 Ifs too hir to \valk 6'-0111 here to the statioll. ...............,......___.......______....______...,..__..................................... a taxi.
33.2 Write about the people in the pictures. Use He/She shouldn't ... so ... .
1 S'-'e s'-'otlUin)t wo.1:d1 TV so O1ucl1.
.. ........' ....-..,' ..---..,' ......... .......... .....',. .----..., ...----.,,' ...--..........
2 I Ie....... ..----, , ,.._...... ........' ,....." ,----..., ...---...... .........' ........" .....-....
3 , , , , ......... , ........... ......... . . . .......,.. , ........ .. , .......... , , , .. _.... .. , , ,__ 11 a r<.i .
4 '" .__........ ............ .......... .........', ,.._.....,,' ,..___...,.. ..------.... ..------.,. ..----
33.3 You ask a friend for advice. Write questions with Do you think I should ... ?
,33.4
"
\ 33.5
You are in ,1 shop. You are trying oil cl jacket.. (buy?)
You ask \lour fi-iend: ..pg..H.Q.,ttJ..J..,.._.H...tb,j.,.....
,
2 You can't drive. (lcarn?)
You ask your fi-iend: Do yo u th ink .. ............ .............. ........... ........... ..m_._... ..------... .....--.... ............. ............ ............. .............
3 You don't like your job. (get anotherjob?)
Yo l1 ask. Yl) u r fi- i ell(l: ..-...". ..------,. ........". ........... .......'", ...--.-...". ..------,.. ...--....'" ........... ............ ........... .......",.. ........', ,.........". ..----."'..
4 You are going to have a party. (invite (;ary?)
.Y Oll ask )'0 l1r trierl<.i: ......,. ......,..... ........" ....--...,. ------....,'. .........,.. ........... .........'" ......."" ..------.,. --------... .------...,. --------.". ........." ........"..
Write sentences with I think... should... or I don't think... should... .
1 It's b.te. (go h0t11e no\v) ...J.........,g__9Q.Jg...Q........
2 That coat is too big for YOll. (buy it) .___J..,AAt...,..H..r.P.....H..,:---
3 Yo u don't n ccd yo II r car. (seH it) ....---.-.. ............. ............... ........... ......:... ....--.--... ..-.---... ....---..... ,..--...... ........... ....---..... ...........
4 l)iane n ceds a rest. (have cl holiday) ...... ............ .............. ...---...., .....---... --.----.... ......-..... ..---....... .......... ........... ........... ...........
5 Sally and Colin are too young. (get Inarried) ............----......------......----.......---....,........................................................
6 You're not \.vell this nlorning. (go to \vork) ...m........._____......___......................................................___.........___........."-'"
7 Janles i,al't \,vell today. (go to the doctor) ____......-------............................................................,...---.......m.........-------..-----...
8 'I'he hotel is too expensive for us. (stay there) ...................................m.........______......___...............................___............
What do you think? Write sentences with should.
1 I think ..y..Yg4H.--.pJ4.....J9.....
2 [tl1 i Ilk eve r)T 1) ()<.I Y . .......,.. ............ ......",. ..-----.., ..-.....,,". .............. .......'". ........". ------..". ..---....". ........,.. ........".. .......",.. .......... ........... ....
3 I ttlillk ........ .......', ...----." ,..-....'" ........... ........". ...---..,. ...--....'" .............. ........", ,.......",. .----.-..., .------..". .......", .........". ............ ........... ......'... ....
4 I <.1011't tb.i 11 k '" ,...----,.. ........". ........... ........" ,...----." ...----...". ............ ..........", ...-.-..." ..----..". .--.-....'" ........", ........,... .........' .........',. .......',....
5 I tllillk I S11 ()111<.1 ------., ..-......". ........', ........." ,..----.'" ........"". ............ .........., ....-.....,' ..-----."'. ...--..'" ,........", .........,. ............ ........... ....,.......
[751

UNIT
34
I have to ...
A
I have to do sOlnething = it is necessary tor
lUe- to do it, I an1 obliged to do it
I/vve/you/they have to do
to work
he/she/it has to go
to wear ele.
. I'll, be late for \\Fork t0I110ITO\V. I have to go to the dentist.
. JiJ1 starts \vork at 7 o'clock, so she has to get up J.t 6.
. You have to pass a t.est before you can get a driving licence.
B The past (yesterday / last week elr.) is had to .. _ :
. ] \:vas late t()r vvork yesterday. J had to go to the dentist.
. We had to walk horne last -night. There \vere no buses.
C In qucstions and negatives \:ve use dol does (present) and did (past):
pres CIl 1
do I/\ve/you/they
have to .oo ?
does he/shc/it
past
did l/vv'e/vou/thev
J J have to ... ?
he/she lit
I/\ve/vou/they don't
J _ have to ...
he/shc/it doesn't
I/\.ve/you/they
he/shelit
didn't have to ...
. What tillle do you have to go to the dentist tOl110rrO\V?
. Does Jill have to work on Sundays?
. Why did they have to leave the party early?
I don't have to (do sOIllething) = it is not necessary to do it:
. l'n1 not \\forking tOII10rn>\v, so I don't have to get up early.
. Ian doesn't have to work very hard. He's got an ea.sy job.
. We didn't have to wait very long for the bus.
'D must and have to
Use ruust or have to Vilhen you say \vhat you think is nece$s.u'y, \vhen you give your opinion:
. It's a [ultastic £lInl. YOll IllUSt se-e it. or You have to see it.
When you are not giving your personal opinion, use have to (not lnust):
. Jill \von't be at \vork this afternoon. She has to go to the doctor. (this is not Iny
person.ll opinion - it is a fact)
. In lHany countries, n1en have to do nulitary service. (this is not Il1Y opinjon - it is the
la\\l in those countries)
17 61 lUl1St / 111ustn't I needll:>t => I!miIFJ

,
\
. EXERCISES
UNIT
34
34.1 Complete tile sentences. Use have to or has to + one of these verbs:
...
\
\
\ 34.2
...
...
,
,
34.3
,
...
,
,
" 34.4
,
"
"
34.5
'.
do read speak travel we-M
1 My eyes are not very good. 1 ...hx.....___. glasses.
2 At the end of the course all the students ..,.....____......................................,...___..... a test.
3 Marv is studyin g literature. She .___......._____.............................................. a lot of books.
, .
4 Albert doesJl't understand Inuch English. You ...........-___.......____.....____......._____........___.... very slo\vly to binl.
5 Kate is not often at h0111e. She .....___......_____........______...___..___.................. a lot in her job_
Complete the sentences. Use have to or had to + one of these verbs:
answer buy change go ........".Talk
1 We ...tQ__..... hOI11e last night. There VvTere no buses.
2 Jt's btc. I ___......___.....................................______......_ no\v. I'll see you to 111 0 ITO\V.
3 I \vcnt to the supennarket after \\Iork yesterday_ ] ,..___.._.......______..._____......___..........___.......... sonle food.
4 This train doesn't go an the \vay to London. Y(JU ...._____._......__.......______.............................. at Bristol.
5 We did an exnn yesterday. We ...,........___....______......______..........___............ six questions out of ten.
Complete tile questions. Some are present and some are past.
What tinlC ..4P...YQ.J!Y.'__..9_..C!-.p.r...
J--lovv long, ....___.... ,______..... .------... ...-----.., ..-------.... ...------..., .......... ?
W}l e re ........,' .____._.., ...__...." ..........,... ........,... ............. ........... ........ ?
H ()\V 11111 C 11 . .......... ........... ............ .............. .........,.. ............ ...... ?
What exactly..... ..........', .........', ,.....___..,..____._..., ,.---------.,....----- ?
1
2
3
4
I have to get up early tonl0rrO\'.
George had to \vai t a long tilHe.
Liz has to go s0111e\.vhere-.
We- had to pay J. lot of nloney.
J have to do SOBle '\lork.
...
J
Write sentences with don't/doesn't/didn't have to ... .
1 Why are you going out? You .4P.J.,.V...--9..,.....
2 Why is An n \,vai ting? She ......." ...------... .....-....., .............,. .........". ........". ........, , ..........., ..........,. ...-----., " ...----..., --.-----...., ..-----...,.
3 Why did you get up early? You .............................................., '.m___....m__._....______.......____..... ...............................................
4 Why is Pa uJ worki n g so hard? I-Ie ..............................m........._____.....__................................................................... ............
5 Why do you \vant to leave no\v? We ...........----..-.......................................................................,........,..,.........................
Which is correct? Sometimes must and have to are both correct.
1 It's a greAt filtn. You Blust see / have to see it. both are correct
'. 2 In HlallY countries, lnen lnu:t do / have to do lni]itary service. have to do is correct
3 You can't park your car here for nothing. Y()u 11111st pay / have to pay .
" 4 I didn't have lny lnoney \vith 111e last night, so I 111Ust bOrrO\l / had to borro\\! S0I11C.
5 I eat too 111uch chocolate. [reaJIy 111ust stop / have to stop .
" 6 'Why is Paula going novv?' 'She Blust 111eet / has to Ineet s0I11chody.'
7 What's \vrong? You 111ust tell / have to tell nle. I \Vlllt to help you.
"
34.6
....
"
"
...
...
Write some tl1ings that you (or your friends or family) have to do or had to do.
1 . (every day) ....I..J!Y.'__..tr.y....!rI....Y.'..:...
2 (e\ter}7 da)") .,.. .._.._.... .........,... ......... .........',. ........",.. ..----...,.. .........",... ............ ........... .......',.. .......". .........." .-----....,. ..------..,.. .-----...,. ...--...,
3 (to III 0 rro\\') ..., ..--....,.. ........... ........... ........" ...---.-.... ......-...".. .............. ............. ........,. ........',. .........,. .------.." ...-----..., ....-----..,.. .---....". ........
4 . ( )'este [cIa)') _...... ........,.. .......... ........',.. ........., ....--.....,. .........".. ............. ............. ........". ......... .......-.... ....--....,.. ..---...." ...---........ .........' .........
[77]

UNIT.
35
Would you like... ?
A
Would you like ... ? = Do you \VU}t ... ?
We use Would you like ... ? to (?fTcr things:
. A: Would you like sonle coffee?
B: No, thank you.
. A: Would you like a chocolate?
"8: Yes, please.
. A: What would you like, tea or coffee?
B: Tea, please.
I'd like ...




\ \
\ I
We use Would you like to ... ? to irl1litc sornebody:
. Would you like to go fiu" a \.valk?
. A: Would you like to have dinner vvith us on Sunday?
[3: Yes, I'd love to. (= I \vould love to have dinner \\lith you)
. What would you like to do this evening?
B I'd like ... is a polite ,.vay to say 'I \"rant'. I'd like = I would like:
. 1'111 thirsty. I'd like a drink.
J
. (in a tourist (?fficc) I'd like sonlC inforn1€ltion about hotds. plcase.
. I'd like to see the filll1 on television this evening.
...
C Would you like ... ? and Do you like ... ?
Would you like ... ? / I'd like ...
Would YOll like SOIlle tea? = Do you vvant
SOllle tea?
. A: Would you like to go to the cineJna
tonight? (= Do YOll \vant to go tonight?)
B: Yes, I'd love to.
. I'd like an orangc, plcase. (= Can I have
an orange?)
. What would you like to do next vveekend?
Do YOll like... ? / I like ...
Do you like te.-l? = Do you think tea
is nice?
· A: Do you like going to the cinen1a?
(in general)
13: Yes, I go to the cincnla a lot.
· I like oranges. (iN J?cncral)
· What do you like to do at \veekends?
[78] like to do Lmd like -iog ==> I!mIIII 1 would do omcthing if... ==> NIT'1'12:

......
EXERCISES
-
35.1 What are the people in the pictu res saying? Use Would you like... ?
-
1
WQJ4--Hq... Uk" .--...
QJ.Qg)?_-_.",.._-_..".._--_.,
-

........
-
-.,
-.
4
-

--
........
-
-
2
5
UNIT
35
3
()
'""'" 35.2 What do you say to Sue in these situations? Use Would you like to ... ?
...... 1 You \vant to go to the CillCJl1cl tonight. Perhaps Sue vviJI go \;vith YOll. (go)
You sav: J.H.JJkJ".9Q__.__...__.r__...
J
- 2 YOll \\'ant to play tennis tonlOrrO\l. Perhaps Sue \vill play too. (play)
Yo u say: .. . . ....... . . . ....... . . . . ....... . . . ...... . . . . ........ . . ........... . . ........ . . , . .......,.. . . ............ . ........ . . . .....,.. . . . . ....... . . . ......... , . ... __ __.. . , . . . __ __ __.. , , . __. __ _ _ __, , . __ __ __.. . , ,
- 3 You've got SOBle holiday photographs. Sue hasn't seen thenl yet. (see)
y() II sa)": -------, , __ ______.". -----.., , __ ----'", ..____.."'. ------..., , ..______."'. ________."... ______.."'. .._____." ________." __ .______.., ________.,. .._____...,... ._.....,',.. .....,...... .............
-. 4 You have an extra ticket for a concert ne"'(t \veek. Perhaps Sue "vill go. (go)
Yo u s av: _... .. , .. __ __. . , , .. __ __. . , , .. __ __.. , , .. __ --.... , . __ -- _ _ -.. , . . .. _ -- -... , , . .. -- -- __. , , " . __ -- __ _ __ , . . __ __ __... . , . .... __.. , , . .. __ __.. , , , ......,.. . ......... . . . . ......... . . . ......... , , , .. __ __ __. , , , .. ___
I
-.. 5 It's raining and Sue is going out. She hasn't got an lJJnbrelIa but you have one. (borro\"r)
Y{) u say: __.," ...__..., .......... ,........... ........... ............ ............ .............. ............ ........... ........." ..____..., ....____...,. .._____..,. ...___....,. ...____.__,' .__._.....,' ......,
Which is right?
1 ' :Qe-.you ]ike / Would YOll like a chocobtc?' 'Yes, please: Would you like is right
2 ' 1)0 you like / Would you like bananls?' 'Yes, I love theln.'
3 ' ])0 you like / Would YOll like an ice-crellll?' 'No, thank you.'
4 'What do you like / \vou]d vou like to drink?' 'A glass of \Vater, please.'
5 ' Do YOll ]ike / Would you like to go out for a \lalk?' 'Not 110\\7. Perhaps later.'
6 I like / .I'd like t0l11atocs but I don 't Clt thel11 vcrv of ten_
J
7 What titue do you like / \vould YOll like to have dinner this eve!ung?
8 ' l)() you like / Would vou like sorncthillg to eat?' 'No, thanks_ 1'111 not hungry.'
9 ' 1)0 you like / \Vould you like your new job?' 'Yes, 1'111 enjoying it.'
10 I'm tired. I like / I'd like to go to sleep 110\\/.
-..
35.3
'""
-
......
-....
'""
[79]

UNIT
36
A
there is
there are
STATION
SUNDAY
MONDAY
TUESDAY
WEDNESDAY
THURSDAY
FRIDAY
SATURDAY
TRAINS
8'.30 12."15
9-15 lo1-'OD
10-30
Cl
There's <1 nun on the roof.
There's a train at 10.JO.
There are seven davs in a \reek.

si1"J.ular
there is . _ .
. I ?
IS t 1ere ... .
there is not...
(there's)
. There's a big tree in the garden.
. There's a good tilnJ on TV tonight.
. A: Have you got any Bloney?
B: Yes, there's senne in 111Y bag.
. A: Excuse tHe, is there a hotel near here?
13: Yes. there is. / No, there isn't.
. We ca.n't go skiing. There isn't any sno\v.
(there isn't
or there's not)
pluml
there are . _ .
are there ... ?
there are not... (there aren't)
. There are Sl)111e hig trees in the garden.
. There are a lot of accidents on this road.
. A: Are there any letters for ure today?
B: Yes, there are. / No, there aren't.
. This restaurant is very quiet. There aren't Juany
people here.
. HO\\l 111any pbyers are there in a football tean1?
. There are 11 plJ.yers in a f()otball tc<nl1.
B there is and it is
there is
it is 
\, .1"'--
-.... l-{p"
;,':,or '\ ;':/:0; ::"::.:,: '". ;;::'.:;;'.::'.':\
\\ -c J(lYi':"::\
,\ \ - -::- j": .0'::.....  :... : -, ...  J
I I . - .."
[ like I this bookl . It's interesting.
(it = this book)
'I'here's a book on the table.
(not' It's a book on the ta hIe.')
C:Olnpare:
. 'What's that noise?' 'It's a train.' (it = th.lt noise)
There's a train at 1.0.30. It's a [1St train. (it = the 10.30 train)
. There's a lot of salt in this soup.
Y don't like this soup. It's too salty. (it = this soup)
180J there was I were I has been cre. ===> mii it and there ===> mID sonlC and any:=;. mIiiJ

'.
...
,
36.1
,
...
...
"
...
...
36.2
,
'\
, 36.3
,
,
...
....
,
..., 36.4
,
"
....
'\
.......
,
36.5
'.
...
..
"\
"\
EXERCISES
UNIT
36
Kenham is a small town. Look at the information in the box and write sentences about Kenham with
There is/are or There isn't/aren't.
I a castle? No
2 all)' restJlJral1ts? Yes (a lot)
3 a hospital? Yes
4 a S\Vinll11ing pool? No
5 allY cinerllas? Yes (nvo)
6 a university? No
7 any big hotels? No
1 There L.sn) t 0.., w.stLe.
. .......... ............ ............ .......... .........",
2 ..Th....., ...9f..rr,___
3
4
S
6
7
Write sentences about your town (or a town that you know). Use There is/are/isn't/aren't.
1 .Th..... .....rr:?. ".. 4 .......'... .......... ........... ............ .......". "'---'", , ...._..__.,. .._____..,. ..______..,.
2 ,Th,),:?. .... !:9.. .p.. .... 5 .....'.,. ........,. ......,..... ........... .......... .........". ........". ...___...... _______...,..
3 ,.......... ........ ......... ......',. ......,'. ......., ,..___.., ,...__..., ...______.... ______..," --.__ 6 ___.." ...____..., ....__...,' ,........", ..........' ............ ........... ........., , ....____.."..
Put in there is I there isn't I is there I there are I there aren't / are there.
1 Kcnhanl iSll't all old to\.Vll. .Th...p...... anv old buildin gs '.
J 
2 Look! ..______.....___.........,..................., a photograph of your brother in the ne\vspaper!
3 'Excuse Ine, .............................................. a bank ner here?' .Yes, at the end of the street:
4 ..._____,..................................... five people in 111Y f.1111ily: Iny parents, IllY t\VO sisters and Iue.
5 . H :l . . tl 1 ?' " I ' t '
_ O\V luany stUl ents .........__............................______. 111 lC C ass.\vcn y.
6 'Can '\Fe take a photograph?' 'No, _____'.....______.......___.....,..._____..... a 611n in the GlI11Cra.'
7 ',............_..,..______...______....______.. a bus froln the city centre to the airport?' 'Yes. Every 20 l11inutcs.'
8 ....u__....................................... any problcnls?' 'No, everything is (JK.'
9 ..........................................,... no\\rhcre to sit do\'-vn. ._________....._____......____......____...... any chairs.
Write sentences with There are.... Choose from the boxes.
:;e\'t"n t\vcn tY-SIX letters t:htys
tllne thirtv players days
,
fifteen fifty planets sta tes
SeptCJ11 bel'
the USA
a rugby teun
the solar systeIH
S: \veek
thc English alphabet
1 .Th...,..--,.......
2
3
4
S
6
Put in there's / is there I it's / is it.
1. '.Th,..._ a train at 10.30.' '.'.:?....... a £'lst train?'
2 I'n1 not going to buy this shirt. ...................................... very expensive.
3 ' Wh ' J" 1 ..,
, at s \vron g . ...................................... $0l11ct lIn g In 111V evc.
L . "- J I
4 ____...........,..............,....... a rcd car outside the house. .....m__........._...........m.... vours?
,
5 '.......................,.............. anything on television tonight?' 'Yes, ..,....____....__..................... a fihn at S.lS.'
6 'What's that building?' '....._____......_______....._____..... a school.'
, . I . 1 I ?' ' N I , fi ' d '
7 ...................................... a restaurant 111 t lIS lote . 0, III a rll not.
[811

,.
UNIT
37
there was/were
there will be
A there was / there were (past)
s1p.1 10N
rm r)
I't'"
 It! .
t' i! '
. .. :: .

(9
c::::rp 
----
8
CO] npare:
there is/are (prcsent)
. There is ..1 good fibll on TV tonight.
. V./c arc staying at a very big hotel. There
are 250 rOOlllS.
. Are there any letters £<')r rue this lllorning?
. rIll hungJT but there isn't anything to
eat.
there has/have been
There is a train every hour.
'rhe tinlC novv' is 11.] 5.
The-re was a train at 11 0 'clock.
there was/were (past)
. There was a good 61n1 on TV last night.
. We stayed at a very big hotel. There were
250 roo IllS.
. Were there any letters for rHe yesterday?
. When I got hOIne, I \\laS hungry but there
wasn't anything to eat.
B - there has been / there have been (present pefect)
. Look! There's been an accident.
(there's' been = there has been)
. This road is vcry dangerous. There have been
nlI1lV accidents.
J
C there will be
COlnpare there was (J)ast):
. There was Jll accident last night.
(not "l'hcrc has been £111 accident last night.')
Por past sif-nple and present pcrcct see Unit 20.
. Do you think there will be a lot of people at the
party on Saturday?
. 'l'he 111anJger of the C(HnpallY is leaving, so
there will be a ne\v Lnanager soon.
. I'lll going av.,ray tOIIlOITO\V. 1']1 do Iny packing
today becausc there won't be tinlC t01l1otTO\V
(there won't be = th ere will not he)
was/ were ===> I!DI!J h.is/have been ===> UNIIS 15..18 will => I!IiII] there is/are ===> I!mIII)
1 H21 there and it ===> UNITS 36, 38 !Wl11e and an}' ===> I!JDD

-.
""
'"
37.1
,
""
"
"
......
......,
,
"'"
"",
,
.....
""
... 37..2
...
"'"
"'"
""
""
'37.3
""
""
"'"
'.
"'"
...
'"
EXERCISES
UNIT
37
Look at the two pictures. Now the room is empty but what was in the room last week? Write sentences
with There was ... or There were ... + the words in the list.
al1 arlllchair
SOlne books
son1.e flowers
three pictures
a sofa
a sl1:1all table
a carpet
a clock
fAST \'</EEK ----------= NOV,r
, O,,--::-M 
d '" i}5: .)
A. ""'>--. / .... __
. __ I. -  /,
I
I ..Th......_._____ on the \vall ne.n the \vindo\\T.
2 . ......... ......,.. ......... ......,. ......., , ........,. ......., ,........, ....__....". _______.." ._______..., ._.n. () n th e fll)()r.
3 .............,.........................,.........................................",....__.."'.....__..."..._____ (}n tIle \,,'all near tIle cloor.
4 ........m.....'.__._..'.n_......._........m.'..........,...................................................... in the Iniddlc of the roolu.
5 _.... _____... .______.... .______. .___._... .____..., ...___.., ...__..." ........,'.. ........... ............ .........., on the ta hIe.
6 '.. ..___." ..____., ,_______.,. .____.., .______.., ______... ._____.." .._.__...,. ........,.. ............. ............. all tIle s11el ves.
7 ...__...,...................,..........___...,..___....,__..........______.,..____.___.....___.........___....,.... in the corner near the door.
S ....", ,....... ,........, ........., ,......., ,......, , ,........, ,........, ,...____..'" ._______.." ,..._.....,' ..... ()pposi te the door.
Put in there was / there wasn't / was there I there were / there weren't / were there.
. )
1 I \,vas hun g "Tv but _tb......___ anvthin o . to cat.
.." " b
2 .W...__. anv letters for HIC yesterday?
 "
3 .....,.......,.......,..,..................................... a footbailinatch OlJ T'V LIst night. I )id you see it?
4 '"\Yl t 1 . J at ., . h t 1 , 'I Y d  .. I ::>'
we s  yeu, d. very nICe () e . I yOU. ............__......._______...____m..........'............. a S\\lllnrnlng poo .
5 ' D '..J 1. ?' ' N . I 1 '
10 vall ouv ,1I1V emTs. 0, .,...................................................,..__.... anv 11) t le s lO J ).
J .J hh J
6 The \vaIJet \vas elllpty. ................_.._......_____.,.,._____........_............ any llJOney ill it.
7 '.................,............................................ tuany people al the nleeting?' 'No, very fe\\.'.'
8 We didn't visit the nluseunl. ......................................,...__...........____... enough tilHe.
....
9 .I'lll sorry 1'111 late. _.,.,..______...________......____....,....................... a .lot of traffIc.
10 T\venty ye.us .1gO ......................................................,...____ 111.111Y tourists here. No\-v there arc a lot.
Put in there + is / are / was / were / has been / have been / will be.
I Th___... a good fihn on TV yesterday evening.
2 ..____......____......_____....._____,...______,...._____...._ 24 hours in a day.
3 ..___...............__........_..._.....__.....,....____.,..__ a p£lrty at the dub last Friday but I didn't go.
4 'Where can I buy a ne\\Tspaper?' '......._____....,............................................. a shop £It the end of the street:
5 '\}/hv arc those I Jo.licl'Illen outside the bank?' "...m............................................___._...... a robbery.'
, .
6 When \ve arrived at the cin(,1l1a, .................................___.....,.....___....,....... d lClIlg queue to see the filu1.
7 When you arrive tOITlOrrOvV, ........___................................................... soulebody at the station to 11lCet you.
8 Ten years ago ..........................,....__.__........__._.... 500 children at the schooL No\v _................................______......__.....,
ruore than a thousand.
9 Last \\leek I \vent back to the to\vn \vhere r \vas born. It's very di1ferent 110\\'. ........................___....,
................................. a lot of chan g es.
L_
10 I think everything \\TilJ be OK. I don't think .......,...---..,......................................_____.. allY prob1clllS.
1831

UNIT
38 It ...
A We use it for titne/day /distancc !t.,Jcathcr:
ti1nc
day
\  \ -; -
,' \6.
, Ji\11 "'-:,;--",
" . ',:'::.:.:_.-.:;.__:::-=I"::-::> .
distancc
. What titlle is it?
. It's half past ten.
. It's late.
. It's tinlc to go hOlne.
. What day is it?
. It's Th ursday.
. It's 16 March.
. It \vas J11Y birthday yesterday.
. It's three flliles froln our house to the city centre.
. Hovv Fc}r is it frol11 London to Bristol?
/----.... . It's <1 long \Tav fr0111 here to the station.
/;" ,-- C£l-1tve . We can \Ta]k 110111e. It isn't tlr.
our 10Use '" -----....--..
We use far in qUl.'stions (is it far?) and negatives (it isn't far).
We use a long way in positive sentences (it's a long way).
lIJC a t her
. It's raining. It isn't raining. Is it sno\ving?
. It rains a lot here. It did]} t rain yesterday.
Does it snO\i\1 vcry often?
. It's \vanll/hot/cold/t"tne/c1oudy/\vindy/sunny/foggy/dark elf.
. It's a nice day today.
COlnpare it and there:
. It rains a lot in \vinter.
There is a lot of rain in \Villter.
. It \vas vcry windy.
There V'v'as a strong wind yesterday.
B I , .
t s nIce to ... etc.
It's easy / difficult / impossible / dangerous / safe to ...
expensive / interesting / nice / wonderful/terrible cte.
I
. It 'g nice to see you again. (it = to see you again)
. It's inlpossible to understand her. (it = to understand her)
. It \vasn't easy to find your house. (it = to find your house)
c
Don't forget it:
. It's raining again. (not 'Is raining again')
. Is it true that you arc going a\vay? (not 'Is true that...')
[84]
there is ---t mIl

-,
-
-
38.1
,
-
-.
'.
-
-...
"'"
38.2
-
,
.....
,
-
-.. 38.3
-..
-
-
38.4
.....
--
-.
......38.5
"""\
......
.......
......
......
-.
......
EXERCISES
UNIT
38
Write about the weather in the pictures. Use It's... .
ilf@W?/b
1 __Jf_,rk1-9,..__
2 "...__." ...____" ______... ______.. ______", ._.____",. .._...," ............ ........... ........"
3 . ......" ......., ....__.". ..___". _______. .______.., .______." ...__....,' ..__....".. ........,...
4 "'" .......... .h..__." .________". ...__....,., ............, ....____... _____.....," .........., ....__
5
6
..--.---....................--......-.-------.....----....................--------..------..............
------...................................---.....-..--...........................-........------................
Put in it is (it's) or is it.
1 What tiTHe __.__,___ ?
2 We Blust go 110\\'. ,_____...._______.....______... very late.
3 ......___.............,........ true that Bill can Hy a he1icopter?
4 'What dilY ........m.................... today? Tuesday?' 'N'o, ........................._____. Wednesday.'
5 ,...___...._____.._______..____ ten kilol11ctrcs frolll the airport to the city centre.
G ..__...........,.._......__..._ possible to phone you at your office?
7 '1)0 you \VUlt to vvalk to the restaurant?' 'I don't kno\i\r. 110\\1 £lr ......______......_............ ?'
8 ............................... Linda's birthdav today. She's 27.
J ,
9 I don't believe it! .............................._ iInpossibie.
Write questions with How far ... ?
1 (here / the station)
2 (the hotel / the beach)
3 (Ne\v York / Washington)
4 (your house / the airport)
,..HQ...f,......fr_.J:.......}., ....
H ()\\T .......,.. ........... .........., , ..------., , ........,,'. .......... ..........' ...----..., , ........'.... ........." ...._....... ____...
.. .. a.. . . . ...... _ _ _. . . . _ _ __ _ _. _. . . ......... _O'... . . . . ..oOoOoO.oO.... . . . .............. . . . ___ _ _ _. _ . . ................ .. . . ...oO....oO... . . . . ..... _ _ _..... . . _ _ _ __ _ ......... . .oO............. . . . . ............ . .
....................................-------........--.................................----...............................................---...................
Put in it or there.
1 ....I....... rains a lot ill vv'iuter.
2 Th.. \:vas a strong \vind yesterday.
3 ..................... \,vas a nice day yesterday.
4 'YJ: ' k .. . , 8
wC can t go s. Hng. ................... ISH t any sno\v.
5 .______...____......_ 's hot in this roonl. Open a \,vindo\lv.
6 1 \vas aft'aid because ______................ \vas verv dark.
J
7 ..........m........ \vas a stOflll last ni g 'rht. f)id you
... ,
hear it?
......m........____ 's a long \vay [nun here to the
nearest shop.
Complete the sentences. Choose from the boxes.
easy
it's difficult
ilnpossibic
da.ngerous
nIce
gc t-t 1-p early
go out alone
lllake friends
"vork in this ofllce
to visit diflcrent places
see you agaIn
. .
IntereSting
1 If you go to bed late, .,..4fBJttp..g..p...41..... in the 1l1orning.
2 ]-1 cJlo, Jil1. ..................................m..........___......____._.......m......................m.......____.__...._........ E IO\\T are you?
3 .. ....... ........ ........... ....,.... ..................... ........... ...m....... ,..___.... .....___.................. ....... There is too 11luch noise.
4 Evervbod ) l is "Ter\T Ilicc at \\lork. ...."'...__.._'..__.__._...,..................................,..______.......................",....______".............. .
 ,
5 I like tra vc IIi 11 g. ........' ............. .......... ............ ...._........ _____.,..,.. ............ ........... ......." ...___...... ......,.." .
6 A lot of cities arc not safe. ...'....m_........m........._____.........m............................___m................................__...._._ at night.
[85]

UNIT
39
I am
I don't etc.
.J
A

7 
C
.
\
She iSH't tired but he is.
(he is = he is tired)
I-Ie likes tea hut she doesn't.
(she doesn't = she doesn't like tea)
[n these exalnp]es, it is Ilot necessary to repeat \vords ('he is tired', 'she doesn't Like tea').
You can l1se these verbs in the sanlC \vav:
I
. 1 haven't got a car but Iny sister has. (= lHY sistt:>r has got a car)
. A: Please help r11C.
B: rIll sorry. [ can't. (= 1 can't help you)
. A: Arc you tired?
B: [was, but I'ln not no\v. (= [ Vv,iS tired but 1'111 not tired no\v)
. A: Do you think Ann "vill phone this evening?
!3: She lnight. (= she Illight phone)
. A: Arc you going llO\'V?
B: Yes I'nl afraid] lnnst. (= I 1l1l1st go)
anI/is/ are
was/were
have /has
dol does/ did
can
will
Inight
must
You Calmot use 'tn/'s/'ve etc. (short f(nl1ls) in this \-\lay. You rnust llse aiD/is/have etf.:
. She isn't tired but he iSA (not... but he's)
But you ((Ill use isn't / haven't / won't ctc. (negative short fonns):
. My sister has got a car but [ haven't.
. 'Are you £llH.i JilH \\lorking tOlllOrrO\.v?' 'I un but Jilll isn't.'
B You can use I am / rln not etc. after Yes and No:
. 'Are vou tired?' 'Yes, Jam. / No, I'nl not.'
J
. 'Will Alan be here t01l10rro"\vt 'Ycs, he will. / No, he won't.'
. 'Is there a bus to the airport?' 'Yes, there is. / No, there isn't.'
C We use do/does for the present simple: (===> Units 6-7)
. 1 don't Ijkc hot \-veather bu t Sue does. (= Sue likes hot \veather)
. Sue \:vorks hard but 1 don't. (= I don't \vork hard)
. '1)0 you enjoy your \vork?' 'Yes, I do.'
We use did for the past sirnpLe: (==> Unit 12)
. A: l)id you and John enjoy the fihn?
H: [did but John didn't. (=] cnjoyed it but John didn't enjoy it)
. 'I enjoyed the fihll.' '1 did too.' (= I enjoyed it too)
. 'l)id it rain vesterdav?' 'No, it didn't.'
- -
[86] have you? / dOl1t YOll? etc. => I!mII!J so atn I / neither do I ete ==> mil

-
-
-.
\
39.1
--
-
.-..
39.2
-..
-
-- 39.3
--
-
...-..
'--.
.
39.4
,
-
-- 39.5
......
-,
--
.-.
...-..
-
---
39.6
.-...

--
--
EXERCISES
UNIT
39
Complete these sentences. Use only one verb (is/have/can etc.) each ti"me.
'[ Kate \Vasll't hun g r\' but \...c ... .
 J
2 1'111 not lnarried but IllV brother _......_................, .
J
3 l3ilJ can't help you but 1 ......____..,._.____..... .
4 1 haven't seen the fihn but TOlll ........................
5 .I)iant' won't he here but Chris ......___._.............. .
6 You \:veren't late but [ ....................__... .
Complete these sentences with a negative verb (isn't/haven't/can't etc.).
t f\lly sister can play the piano but 1 .t.. . 4- RichJ.rd has got a car but I .....,................... .
2 Ann is vlI'orkil1g today but I ......................... . 5 I'll. re.Hly to go but TOlll ,..______................ .
3 1 \vas \''lorking but IllY fi-icl1ds .......................... 6 I've got a key hut Sally .............___._....,.. .
Complete these sentences with do/does/did or don't/doesn't/didn't.
1 1 don't like hot \.veather but Sue ..4P.;?.... .
2 Sue likes hot \veather hut T ..4:9.,.... .
3 My Inother \vears glasses but Ill)' £lthcr ...................................... .
4 Yon don't kIlO\\! Paul very ,.vell but 1 ...._____.........._.................. .
5 [didn't en 1 0v the 1 1ar1'V bnt 111V fiie-nds ...__......'..________................ .
'J  " "
6 [doll't \v.ltch T"V Il1uch but Peter ................................._____ .
7 Kate lives in Loudon but her parents ....................................., .
8 You had a sho\ver this IHorl1ing but I ..m................................. .
Complete the sentences. Write about yourself and other people. (See the example.)
1 1 didn't ..9g...J,t...,.--.---H..fr.4;?..,g:.....
2 [Ii kc ........ ....... .......... .......... ......... ........", ........". ...__... 1)11 t .... ...__.._..," ,......,,'.', ........... .......", ..._____." ..______.". ........,... .........., ....____.... _______._..
3 I <.1 () 11't ,_____.... ______... .__._..., .......'.. .......".. ........... ............ bu t ".. ._____..... ________... ...__......... ......,'.. ........,.. ........." .._____..... ..__.....,.. ............ ........",
4. I' Il} .....,. .......,. .......". .......' .........,. .h____.'. _______... ...__ __..". ..._._...",. .............. .......... .........", ,..____,'.. .______..., ............ ........" ...........,. ..._____... ..._......,....
5 I h averl't .. .......... ......... .......,.. ......., , .........,. ...___h.". ..____.__,., __.___....". ............. ........... ........", ..___...... _______..,. ........", ............. .........., ...------., , .....
Put in a verb, positive or negative.
1 'Are YOll tired?' 'I ........ earlier but rin not noVv'.'
2 John is happy today but he ......m......___.................... yestt:>rday.
3 The post office isn't open yet but the shops ....................................__ .
4 J h£lven't got a video call1cra but I kno\v sOlnebody "\vho ....................______......__.... .
5 1 \vould like to help you hut rIll afraid I .......................,..______....._ .
() I don't usually go to \vork by car but 1 _______........._..................... yesterday.
7 A: Have you ever been to the United States?
B: No, but Sandra _........__........................... . She \vent there on holiday last year.
8 '1)0 vou and Ann w'atch TV a lot?' 'I ...........................______.___. but Ann doesn't.'
J
9 I've been invited to the party but JClte '..................................... .
to 'f)o you think 1 )iane "vill pass her eX:1rl1s?' 'Yes, I'nl sure she ..__.................................. :
,11 'Arc you going out this evening?' 'I .........._______..,................... I don't knovv fiJr sure:
Answer these questions about yourself. Use Yes, I have. / No, I'm not. etc.
1 Are YOLI British? ___NLr..P..:.. 6 1)0 YOli like c1dssicallllusic? .....______............,..................___
2 Have you got a car? ____.....___............................ 7 Will YOli be ill P.lris tOI110rrO\v? _..................................
3 1)0 you teel \vell? ____......____......._.__._......m....... 8  lave you ever heell in 'hospital? ...._____..........................
4 Is it sno\ving? .........___..........___.......__.......________..... 9 Did you buy anything yesterday? ._______.........................
5 Are you hungry? ............__.........____......._____....... 10 Were you asleep <It 3 <l.1l1.? ..............._............_................
l871

UNIT
40


A


B


Have you?


Are you?


Don't you? etc.



 bw.ght 0.. new ClAY. )
( 0\1, \1o.ve. !:I0IA

S0' "'rilin g 0.. book. )

 !-jot,( reo.llH? M1ttt o.b


 I cion)t Like GWt9

(Don)t !j{)().? \o'A1 H not?

You can say have you? / is it? I can't he? ete. to sho\v th.:lt you are interested or surprised:
. 'You"re late: 'Oh, am I? I'nl sorry:
. 'I was in last \veek.' 'Were you? I didn't kno\v that.'
. 'It"s raining again.' 'Is it? It \\l;lS sunny ten UUllutes ago.'
. 'There's a letter fi)r you: 'Is there? Wlu
re is it?'
. 'Bill can't drive.' 'Can't he? ] didn't knO\\1 that:
. 'Pill not hungry.' 'Aren't you? [ aI11.'
. 'Sue isn't at \vork today.' 'Isn't she? Is she ill?'


Use dol does fC)T the prcscnt sinlplc and did fin' the past simplc:
. 'I speak four languages.' 'Do you? Which ones?'
. 'Totll doesn't eat ll1eat: 'Doesn't he? Dot's he eat tlsh?'
. 'Linda got 111cuTied last \veek.' 'Did she? Really?'


I J --
I if'"
!
' .....
....
\ \ \



 t1. beo.uti,fut
, i6n't; it? ")


Qucstion ft
gs
You can- use have you? / is it? / can't she? etc.
at the end of a sentence.
These 'nlini-questions' are question tags.


( Yes, wvetH. t


a posifi1JC scntence
 a lu:f?atil J (' question tag
a !u:RatirJ(' sentence
 a posifil/c question tag


positil J ('
 1ll
gative
It's a beautiflJI day, isn't it?
Sally lives in London, doesn't she?
You closed the \vindo\v, didn't you?
Those shoes are nice, arcn"t they?
Tom will be here soon, won't he?


Yes, it's lovely.
Yes, that's right.
Yes, I think so.
Yes, very nice.
Yes, probJbly.


n.cgafille
 positi1JC


That isn't your car, is it?
You haven't Inet nlY Inother, have you?
Sally doesn't sllloke, does she?
You won't be late, will you?


No, IllY car is \vhite.
No, 1 haven't.
No, she doesn't.
No, 1'111 never late.


1"88] I aln I I don't et.c.
 m:IIE)




EXERCISES
40.1 Answer with Do you? / Doesn't she? / Did they? etc.
___. .1?L.H_m_...' ,....... ?
?
?
a a. . . . .  ...... . . . . . .. ................. . . . . ............ ..
?
........................---............-..- ..
?
..-...----------...-...__..................... ..
?
.............-................................. ..
1
2
3
4
5
6
I speak four languages.
I \-vork in a bank.
I didn't go to \vork yesterday.
J in doesn't like TIle.
You look tircd.
Julia phoned J.ue last night.
UNIT
40
Which ones?
[ \-vork in a bank too.
Werc you in?
Why not?
I feeJ fine.
What did she say?
,40.2 Answer with Have you? I Haven't you? I Did she? / Didn 1 t she? etc.
'.
\
.HyJ:i--.-.,...----.. ?
Does-nIt he ?
...-..-..--..-..........................---. ..
?
............................................. ..
?
.......................................... ..
?
......................-...........--..----. ..
?
?
.. . . .. ..........   a . . . ...... _.... a a. . . .. ..... _ _.. . .
?
.......__........a...............__... .
?
..................___..........aa_.__... .
?
...a...............................aa__....... .
?
. . .. - - - - - -.. . . . - -- - - - - -. .. . .. -- -  - - . . .
i
. . ......... _  . . . . . ....... .... . . . . . ........ a. . . .
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
I've bought a ncvv car.
Till1 doesn 1 t cat Il1Cat.
I've lost IllV kev.
, ,
Sue can't drive.
I \vas born in Italv.
,
[ didn't sleep vvelllast night.
There's a fihD on TV tonight.
I'nl not happy.
I I1lct Paula last \veek.
Margaret 'works in a £1ctory.
[ \\"on 1t be here next \veck.
The clock isn't \\Torking.
What nuke is it?
l)oes he eat fish?
When did you last have it?
She should learn.
I didn't kllo\v that.
Was the bed llIlcolufortable?
Are you going to \vatch it?
Why not?
Ho\\" is she?
What kind of [tctory?
Where \vill vou be?
,
It \\7as \\Torking yesterday.
'40.3 Complete these sentences with a question tag (isn't it? / haven't you? etc.).
,
'.
,
\
\.
1 It's a bcautiful daY1 .---,...... ?
2 These flo\vers are nice, ..................,.........,.-..-....,...- ?
3 Judy \vas at the party, .............___....._..___........__m........ ?
4 You've been to Pn-is, ..__.......m...............,.................. ?
5 You speak Gennan, .................................,...-............- ?
6 Martilliooks tired, ...m....'...._.._......____....,_..__.._.....______ ?
7 You'll help HIe, ___....,...__................................................ ?
Yes, it's lovely.
Yes, \vhat are they?
Yes, but I didn 1 t speak to her.
Ycs, nlal1Y tinles.
Yes, but not very \vell.
Yes, he \vorks very hard.
Yes, of course I \\"in.
,,40.4 Complete these sentences with a question tag, positive (is it? I do you? etc.) or negative
(isn't it? / don't you? etc.).
,
,
\
"
,
\
"
1 You haven't got a car, ....hY..H.... ?
2 You aren't tired, ............................"..m...."'..._____...,...______..,..._____ ?
3 Carol is a very nice pcrson, ..,._..______..,.._____.......mm............ ?
4 You can play the pi<1l1o, ..------................................................. ?
5 You don't kno'Vv Mike's sister 1 ........................................... ?
6 Sally \vent to university, ..m................................................... ?
7 The 6h11 vvasn't very good, .............................................--. ?
8 Ann lives near you, ...m...........................................................-- ?
9 You \von't ten anybody \\That I sajd. ..........................-.. ?
- - .
No, I can't drive.
No, I feel fine.
Yes, everybody likes her.
Yes, but ['Ill not very good.
No, rye never ll1et her.
Yes, she studied econol11ics.
No. it \.vas terrible.
That's right. In the saIne street.
No, of course not.
[R91

UNIT
41' ,
too/either
so am I / neither do I etc.
A too and either
We use too £1nd either at the end of a sentence.
We lIse too after a posili1JC verb:
. A: ['111 happy.
B: I 'In happy too.
. A: I enjoyed the tiltn.
B: I enjoyed it too.
. Mary is a doctor. Her husband is a
doctor too.
We use either after a HC}zalipc verb:
. A: rIn not happy.
B: rill not happy either. (not '1'n1 not... too')
. A: I can't cook.
B: I can't either. (Hot LI can't too')
Bill doesn't \.vatch TV J Ie doesn't read
Jle\7spapers either.
B so an1 I / neither do I et.c.
3tu/is/are ...
was/were. ..
do/does.. .
did ...
have/has ...
can ...
win ...
would ...
neither aln I = 1'111 not either
neither can I = I can't either (ete):
. A: I haven't got a key.
L3: Neither have I. (= I h<1vcn't either)
. A: Ann can't cook.
B: Neither can Ton1. (= TOlll can't either)
. A: I won't (= will not) be here tOJlIOrrO\V.
B: Neither will I.
. A: I never go to the CinC111<l.
B: Neither do I.
You can also use Nor... (= Neither. ..):
. A: I'Ill not lnarried.
B: Nor alll I. or Neither al1.1 I.
Note that \ve say: So atn I (not 'So I al11.'), Neither have t (not 'Neither [ have').
190.l I anI / I don't ctt:. =::} I!mI:ED
so
neither
so am I = I anl too
so have I = I have too (elL):
. A: rln v..rorking.
[3: So anI I. (= rn \vorking too)
. A: I was late tc)r \vork today.

B: So-was John. (= John \\las late too)
. A: I work in a bank.
B: So do I.
. A: We went to the cinell1a last night.
<..
11: Did vou? So did we.
,
. A: I'd like to go to Australia.
B: So would I.

EXERCISES
41.1 Put in too or either.
'.
\,
1 rIn happy.
2 I'nl not hungry.
3 I'rn going out.
4 It rained all Saturday.
S Jenny can't drive a car.
6 I don't like shopping.
7 Jane's I1lothcr is a tC<lChcr.
rIll happy ........ .
rill not hunrv .................m........_____...,. .
,-, .
1 , .
III gOlIlg out .m..........'..............,........ .
L ,-.
It rained 011 Sunday m__........._....................... .
She can't ride a bicycle ___....___.........._...,............. .
I don't like shopping .......m.......______..'.....n..... .
I-Ier father is a teacher ..........m......._____.....mm.. .
41.2 Answer with So ... I (So am II So do II So can I etc.).
\

UNIT
41
41.3 You are talking to Maria. Write true sentences about yourself. Where possible, use So ... lor Neither ... I.
Look at these ex amples carefu lly:
-r; '5-  I}m tired... ) you can answer: C So GUY! 1./ -or (1)01 not. T
 don)t work: 110..nl.J you can answer: (Neit11er do. I.fi' r (I do. '7
1
2
3
4
5
()
[ \\7cnt to bed late last night.
rln thirsty.
I've just had dinner.
I Hl'cd a holidav.
J
I'U be late tc.nllorro\v.
I \V3S very tired this luorning.
So d..UL I.
Answer with Neither.
7
8
9
10
11
I can't go to the party.
I didu't phone Alex last night.
I haven't got any rnoney.
['n1 not going out tOI1l01TO\V.
I don't kllO\V \vhat to do.
IvlARIA
1 I'ullearning .English.
2 [ can ride a bicycle.
3 rill not Aillerican.
4 I like cooking.
5 I dOIl't like cold \veatber.
6 I slept \\rell1ast night.
7 I've never been to Scotland.
8 I don't \\rrite letters very oftcll.
9 rIll going out tOJllOrrOvV evening.
10 I haven't got a headache.
11 [,didn't \vatch TV last night.
12 I often go to the cinen1a.
.. a a, . . .. ..... _....  . . . _ __ _ _ ___. . . .............. .. . . .. ............... . . ............... . . . _ __ _ ...... . . .. ................. . . . ................. . . ......... _.._
.........................................---..................................................--..--...................................
.......................................--..--....................................................................................
....... . . . .................... . . ... -- - - - -..... . ................ . . ................. . . ................. . . ..... - - -.. -. . . . ..... -......... . . ............ . . . ....  -
.. . . . . . ......... . ....... - -..o.o.... . .o.  - - - _... . .o. . - - - _.... . . ............ . . . . .............o.. . .o. .  - - - - _o.. . . 'o.o. _......... . . . . . ....... _....
. . . .o.......... . . . . . ......... _..... . . . . .   - - - _. . - - __ - - _o.' . . . .o.............. . . . ............. . . 'o.o. - - - - - _. . . .o. - - - - _o... . . . .o.o.......... . .
. .......... . . . . . ....... - -....... . . . .   - - -o.. _. .o. - - - _.... . . .o.o............ . . . ............. . . . .o.o. _........... . 'o.o. - - - - _o.. . . . .o.o............ . . .
.o.............. . . . . .............. . . . . '''o. - - _o.... . . - __ - - - _. . . .o.o.o. - __.... . . ......... . . . . ..... - _....... . . .  - - - - - _o.. . . .o. - - - - _..... . . . ...
........... . . . . . ............. . . . . .o... - ....o.. . . .o. - - - - _o.. . . .o. - - - _... . . . ..o.......... . . . . ..... _....o.... . . .o. __ - - _o.o.o.. . .o...o. _....... . . . .......
[91 ]

UNIT
42'
isn't
haven't
A We llse not (n't) in negative sentences:
don't etc. ( negatives)
posililJC
alll
IS
.ire
\.vas
\vere
have
has
\vill
can
could
nlust
should
\\Touid
---1- 11 cga ti LJ('
atn not ('tn not)
is not (isn't or's not)
are not (arcn't or 're not)
was not (wasn't)
were not (weren't)
have not (haven't)
has not (hasn't)
will not (won't)
cannot (can't)
could not (couldn't)
Inust not (mustn't)
should not (shouldn't)
would not (wouldn't)
I'm not tired.
It isn't (Of It's not) raining.
They aren't (or They're not) here.
Julian wasn't hungry.
The shops weren't open.
] haven't finished 111Y \vork.
Sue hasn't got a car.
We won't be here tOI1l0rrovv'.
George can't drive.
I couldn't sleep last night.
I nlustn't forget to phone Ann.
You shouldn't \'lark so hard.
[ wouldn't like to be an actor.
B don't/doesn't/didn't
I/\vc/vou/the't.. do not (don't) ) .
PreSfl1( si1-nple H9Z ati1 J(': lIe/she/it docs not (doesn't) work/bve/go elc.
Past simple ncg.atim:: [/they/he/she (ete.) did not (didn't) work/live/go err.
positive ---1- llcgafir J e
I want to go out. ---t I don't want to go out.
They work hard. ---1- They don't work harel.
Liz plays the guitar. ---1- Liz doesn't play the guitar.
My £lther likes his job. ---t My [\ther doesn't like his job.
[ got up early this 1l10rning. ---t I didn't get up carly this Inorning.
'They worked hard yesterday. ---1- Thcy didn't work hard yesterday.
We played tennis. ---1- We didn't play tennis.
l}iane had J. bath. ---1- Diane didn't have a bath.
Don't. ..
Look! ---1- Don't look!
Wait for 111C. ---t Don't wait for 111C.
S))llctinles do is the Ill.lin verb (don't do / doesn't do / didn't do):
Do sornething!
Sue does a lot at \Ncekcnds.
I did \\lhat you said.
---t Don't do 'anything!
---t Sue doesn't do nluch at \\!eekends.
---1- I didn't do \vh(lt you said.
I
[92] present simple negati"T  1!111 past simple IlcgatJvt'  I!mIII] Why isn't/don't... ? => I!D:EJ

.
UNIT
42
EXERCISES
-..
Make these sentence,s negative.
1 I-Ie's gone ,nvay. .Ji...t9P...tJ.':!:h.
2 'rhey're rnarried. ....___.."......."'...___.....,..___..."...__.....,.....
3 I've had dinner. ..,....__....,...__........___....,..______...,_____........___
__ 42.1
4 It's cold today. ........ .......... ............. .............. u__...,. ..________.
I
5 We']1 be late. .___.......___..............................................___,..
6 You should go. ..,...................................................___......
-.
-
Make these sentences negative. Use don't/doesn't/didn't.
1 She savV' Ine. ...?...J..:?...................... 4 .I-Ie lives here. ....,..___....,..______.....__._____......______..................
2 I li ke eh eesc. .....' ........, ,.___...", ,___.___.. ,..______..,.........., ,......___ 5 Go a\vay! ........... ..........' ..........., ",........". ,..______." ...._____.,,'..
3 They understood. ...______...________......_____.....______.....________. 6 I did the shopping. .............................___......,..............
42.2

-.
 42.3
Make these sentences negative.
1 She can svriril. ...tJ....).__.....,______.....
2 r 1 'hey'vc arrived. "..._____,...___..... ,___m", ,.__.___......______...,'
3 [\vent to the bank. .......___.......___........__........___.........
4 He speaks Gennan. ......___........___...............................
5 We \\Tere angry. .........................___................................
6 He']] be pleased. ............................................______......__.
7 Phone 1l1C tonight. .........................___...,....___..........____
8 It rained vesterd,lV. .___.............................................___..
, I
Y I could hear thern. __..........__..,.....................................
101 believe you. .......................___........_____.....______......._____....
.-..
--
"'""
Complete these sentences with a negative verb (isn't/haven't/don't etc.).
1 Thev aren't rich. Thc ) r .....t-__... ("Tot nluch rnonev.
I  I
2 'Would you like sonlcthing to eat?' 'No, thank you. 1 ___................................... hungry.'
3 I .............__.......___.......___... find Iny glasses. Have you seen theIn?
4 George ....______.....___.................... \-vrite letters very often. He prefers to usc the phonc.
5 We can \\ralk to the station froln here. It ...................................... very far.
6 'Where's J il1?' '[ .......m.........m.......__....... kno\v. J ...___....'...m..................... seen her todav.'
. 
7 Be careful! ___.....______.................____.., fall!
8 We VI/ent to the cineulJ last night. 1 .......................'.............. like the fUIn very 111uch.
<) I've been to Spain 111any ti1l1es but 1 ___.__......___.m...'...___......... bccn to Portugal.
10 Julia .._____.......___..................... be here tOlll01TO\V. She's going a\vay.
11 'Who broke that \\lindo\\.'?' '.N ot tne. I ...................................... do it.)
12 We didn't see \vhat happened. We ...................................... looking at the tilne.
-- 42.4
--
........
--
--
--


42.5 You ask Gary some questions. His answers are always 'Yes' or 'No'. Write sentences about Gary, positive
g negative.
'"'
 ..,.
(..
"vJ
1(
GARY
.-....,
1 He i-sn)t mo..rri.eGl.
. ----... ...--......... ......",.. ......."... .....
2 He lLves in London.
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Are you lllarried?
1)0 you live in London?
Were you born in London?
r)o you like London?
Would you like to Eve in the cOllntry?
Can you drive?
Have you got a ear?
Do you read nc\vspapers?
Are you interestcd in politics?
Do you \\ratch TV lllost evcnings?
Did you \vatch TV last ni g ht?
I 
Did you go out last night?
No.
Yes.
No.
No.
Ycs.
Yes.
No.
No.
No.
Yes.
No.
Yes.
--...

--

--
-
[93]
..........

',-
UNIT
43
?
do they ... ? etc.
· . 1 ? h
IS I ... . aye you
(questions 1)
. .. .
A positifJc: you are You are eating.
X
questiou: are you Arc you eating? What arc you eating?
In questions, the first verb (is/are/have ('te.) is befi)rc the subject.:
positi!/('
suljC[l + verb
I
That seat
She
l)avid
You
Thev
I
Paul.1
an late.
is fi-ce.
was angry.
has gone.
have got a car.
will be here soon.
can S\\T} Ill.



-)
-)
-7
-7
qu('stion
l}erb + slllject
Am I late?
Is that seat free?
Why was she angry?
Where has David gone?
Have you got a Cclr?
When will they be here?
Can Paula s\vi1u?
Be careful \vith vvord order: the sul-ject is after the first verb:
. Where has David gone? (not 'Where has gone David?')
. Are those people \vaiting for SOlllething? (not 'Are \.vaiting ... ?")
. When was the telephone invented? (1101 'When \vas invented .. - ?')
B do ... ? / does ... ? / did ... ?
do I/\ve/vou/thev } kil o /
(loes 1 / 1 J / " . wor tvc go de.
Ie s le it
Present silnplc qucstiolls:
Past sifnplc qucstions:
did yon/she/they (ete) work/live/ go etc.
1'osit':')('
Thev work hard. 
I
You watch television. -7
Chris works hard. ---1-
She gets up early. 
'Thev worked hard. -7
J
You had dinner. 
She got up early. 
question
Do th ey work hard?
I-Io\\r often do you watch television?
,
Does Chris work hard?
What tinll:' does she get up?
Did they work hard?
What did you have fi)r din ner?
Wh"'t tinle did she get up?
SOlneti1l1CS do is the Blain verb (do you do / did he do ctc.):
. What do you usually do at \veekends?
. 'What does your brother do?' 'He \vorks in a bank.'
. 'I broke 111Y finger last \vcck.' 'Ho\.v did YOll do that?' (not ')-IO\V did you that?')
C Why isn't... ? / Why don't... ? {'te. (Why + nc)Zalir l c):
. Whcrl's John? Why isn't he here? (not 'Why he isn't here?')
. Why can't Paula conlC to the Illeeting t01l101TO\V? (not 'Why Paula can't... ?')
. Why didn't you phone lHe last night?
present simple questiolJs  I!Di pLlst simple qucs£ions => m:EI questio1J$ 2-3  UNtTS' 44-45'
("941 what/which/bow... ?  'UNITS 46047

.....
....,
43.1
EXERCISES
Write questions.
....
.....
"
"
......
"
1 I can s\vinl.
2. I \:vork hard.
3 I \:vas bte this Illorning.
4 I've g ot a key.
L I
5 I'll be here t011101TO\'V.
(-) 1'111 going out this evening.
7 I like 111Y job.
8 I live nelr here.
9 I cnjoyed HlY hobday.
I 0 I had a sho\ver this lllornillg.
(and you?)
(and Jin1?)
(and you?)
(and Ann?)
(and you?)
(and Pa ul ?)
(and YOll?)
(and Lind.l?)
(and you?)
(and you?)
UNIT
43
.......!:t'm.3., "
Does Jim work nGrc:l?
'43.2 You are talking to a friend about driving. Write the full Questions.
, 
 tl
r.

'-' -.::
1 (have / a car?) ...tf.Y..H9....99...l....
2 (use / a lot?) ......__........__.......____......____...,....__.. it ..........................................................
3 (llS<: / yesterday?) ...____.... ._.___... ._._____... .._______,.. ..______.... __.____..... ...._._....., ..m__...' ..............
4 ( cnj oy dri vin g?) .. .0.____.." ..___.." .__.__...." ______..." ,..______.., ...______",. .________.,., .______.". ._____.." ,m
5 (a g00d driver?) "___....,,. ..m.." ...m...' '..m....". ..m....'. ..__m..." 'm.____.." ..____.__,,0.______... .____
6 (ever / have / all a.ccident?) ........m__..'...............mm........m.........m__......____....,..____
Put the words in the right order. All the sentences are questions.
1 (has / gonc / \vhere / [)avid?) .....,..t?y.__g_?..._..
') (\\forking / R_ache1 / is / today?) ..J..g...r9....r_
3 (the children / \\7hat / are / doing?) What .......__.............,........................................m......__m........_____.......____._.........
4 (IT) ade / is I h O\V / cheese?) _._____'" .._._____".. ______..., ,_________.." ..m__...'" .m...." ...__...... .....,...... ........... .........,. .__m....." .._______,., ...__
5 (to the party / conling / is / YOllr sister?) ......m__......h..____...h_____....m___.....m__m...mm............,...................m..........___
6 (YOll / the truth / ren / don't / \:vhy?) .............................._......m__......___.__....h.___....'_______....__mm..............;...............m___
7 (your gucsts / have / yet / (}rrived?) ....__.........................................................__....,...0._........__._____...._____.....mm............,..
8 (leave / \:vhat tilne / your train / does?) ..__m____.........__.........m__...................................................m_.....'...____.....'___m....
9 (your car / in the accident / \las / dalllaged?) ._____...h_______..._______...'.m__...'.......................................__.__....._____.__.....
10 (to \vork / Ann / ,:vhy / go / didn't?) .........................................____....._____......__.____....________.....m____...............................
.....
......
......
.....
43.3
.....
-,
.....
'"
.....
'CiA
Complete the questions.
......
'I
2
3
4
5
6
7
R
9
10
11
12
......
.....
.....
.......
...
,
I \ivant to go out.
Ann and Paul aren't going to the party.
rIll reading.
Suc \\7cnt to bed early.
fv1y IMITl1ts are going on holilLty.
I Illet TOln a fe\v days ago.
Tina has gone a\vay.
I can't corne to the party.
I need SOUle Inoney.
An ge la doesn't like rne.
\...,
It rains s0I11ctin1cs.
I did thc shopping.
.....
Yes, I have.
Yes, nearly every (by_
Yes, to go to \vork.
Not very lunch.
I think I an1.
No, never.
Where .....4P..!:t,,......9Qr
Why ....).--..99.9.?.
Wila t .__". h_____..' ....___...,. ..__....." ....__...". ......,..,.. ..........,. ....___.."...
What titHe "'m.....'...______.....______.., '.m____..' ,........... .................
W 11 en... ........... ............ .......,... ..__...,'. h__h...', h_____..... ..____.__.."....
W 11 cre .____..."'. .......'.. ............. ........... ....__..".. --------, , h_______.." ____.
W}lere _______. ...____...,. _______...". ...__.."... ........... ........... ...........' ____...
WIl)7 ,..----..., , h_____..". ..____..... .______."... __........ .............. ........,.. .._____
1-10\\7 Illl1C 11 ___'" , ..______,. ,m__..... ,__mm... ,........... ............. ..........
Wi1)' ...__..." ...___...,.. __.._...,. ..____...., ..__.__...., ..____....,.. ......,..... .........,
110\\7 otten ...., "'m__'" ,.____...."h_______.".m__.:..'.__mm..'.......,.....
W 11 c n. ....,. ........., ...___...., ..___..__'" h______..' -------..., , ,.______..". ............
[95'1

UNIT
44
Who saw you?
(questions 2)
Who did you see?
A
Sylvia sa\\' Paul.
Who saw Paul?
Sylvi:.t. (Sylvia Sa\N hiln.)
Who did Sylvia see?
P£lld. (She sa\:v Paul.)
  ' "AUl
ff:;t/' {)
!i;-:J
'"
Sylvia savv Paul.
I
5uhjeef
"I
"SoJ11ebodv SJ\\7 Pau].
, ,
I
Who sa\\r P<lul?
Sylvia sa\v
, .
objcct
.,
sOJ.nebody
I
'Who did Sylvia see?
Paul. (She sa\\.' Paul.)
'who' is the object
'Sylvia' is the sulie(t
"
Sylvia. (Sylvia sa\\.' hinl.)
'who' is the sujcct
'Paul' is th e olject
B J n these questions, who/what is the suly'ect:
. Who lives in this house? (= sOltlcbody lives in it - \\Tho?)
(not 'Who does live?')
. What happened? (= sornethil1g happened - \\That?)
(llot 'What did happen?)
. What's happening? (What's = What is)
. Who's got IllY key? (Who's = Who has)
In these questions, who/what is the o/?jctt:
. Who did you lneet yesterday? (= you 111et sOI1U'body - \vho?)
. What did Paul say? (= Paul SJid something - \\rhat?)
. Who are you phoning?
. Wha t \vas Sylvia \\'earing?
COlllpare:
. C;eorgc likes oranges.
. Jill \.von SOlllC ruoncy.
 Who likes oranges? - George.
What does George like? - ()ranges.
 Who won SOllIe 1110ney? - Jill.
What did Jill \vin? - A hundred pounds.
C Use who for people (son1ebody). Use what fi)r things. ideas elf. (solllething):
. Who is your L1\ f ourite singer?
. What is your favourite song?
[96]
questions => UNITS 43, 45
what/which/ho,v => 

--.
-
EXERCISES
......
UNIT
44
Make questions with who or what. In these questions, who/what is the subject.
"' 44.1
"'
1
')
......
""""
3
4
5
6
......
......
SOJuebodv broke the \lindo\\r.
I
SOInething fell off the helf.
S0l.11cbody \\rants to see you.
S0I11cbody took Iny urnbrcl1a.
Sorilething Illade rue ill.
Sorl1ebody is cOIning.
...Q.,_.,th_,.4PI, ,
WIl at .. .......,.,. .___....,. .._____.." ..____. -.,. --------... ....----.., ,....----.., - ......---" -- ..------.
". _.__......,. ...__..__... _________" ...._...., ,_....__..,. ............ ...._...... ........,.... .......... 111.e?
...... 44.2 Make questions with who or what (subject or object).
......
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

9
10
11
12
......
.....
......
-...,
......
I bought sonlething.
SOll1cbody lives in this honse.
I phoned sOlllcbody.
SOlnething happencd last night.
SOluebodv kno\vs the answer.
I
SOl11Cbody did the \vashing-up.
Jill did s0111cthing.
SOluething \\1okc llle up.
SOluebodv sa\v the accident.
I
I sa\v sOlnebody:
SOlllCbody has got IllY pen.
T'his \von.1 lneans sOlllething.
__._4+.4_____!.1J."..
M10 Ilves in trJis nOlAse?
- - - - - -.. . ..  - - - - .. . . ..... - - -... . . .... -....... . . ................. . , , ................ , , , ......
You want the missing information (XXXXX). Write questions with who or what.
......
1 I lost XXXXX yesterday but fortunately
- XXXXX found it and gave it back to 111C.
-. 2 XXXXX phoned tue last night. She \vanted
XXXXX.
......
3 [ needed SOllIe advice, so I asked XXXXX.
...... He said XXXXX.
..... '4 I hear that XXXXX got l1u.rricd last 'week.
XXXXX told rIle.
.......
5 I 111et XXXXX on 111Y \vay horne this
..... everting. She told l1le XXXXX.
........
6 Steve and I played tennis yesterday.
...... XXXXX ,von. After the gan1e \ve XXXXX.
7 It \vas 1.11Y birthday last "\veek and I held
.......
sonle presents. XXXXX gave 111e a book
- and Catherine gave tue XXXXX.
-
""
.., M1..g__!l____Ip.L__,
_..M1p.,@,4__...
[ """."",'...'".."""""",....".."""".,.,",.......................................... ]
..................--........----.......-----......----........---........-----........---.......--.
[ :::::::::::.:.:::::::'::::::::.."::::.:::::::.:::..::':::.:::.:.:::::..::.::::::..::'::::::: ]
[ """"."...".."."",.""",..",..."""...",,..."....""",.."""..."....""""", ]
"'........"'..........,......................................-................................................................-....
[ "",......"..........,............"......"""....",."..."""",."..""""."""""." ]
................................................"........",...........",........"..........",..........",.....
[ ::: ::::::::::.' ::::::: :::::::::: ::::.:: :::::::::::. ':::::::::: :::::::.:,:. :::::::.. :::::: ]
[ """....."."...""",.""",..",....."",.."."....,...."""..."",....",..""",..., ]
.............................,.........",........"...........'0.........."..................................
[97]

UNIT
45
Who is she talking to?
(questions 3)
What is it like?
A
Julia is talking to l\ol11cbody
Who is she talking to?
,
In questions heginning Who... ? / What... ? / Where... ? / Which... ?, prepositions
(to/from/"Yith etr.) usually go at the end:
· 'Where are you fron1?' 'rIll fi-Olll Th.liland.'
· John \vas arraid.' 'What \.vas he afraid of?'
· 'Who do these books belong to?' 'Thev're nune.'
L. J
· 'Tbnl's f..lther is in hospital.' 'Which hospital is he in?'
· 'I{ate is going on holiday.' 'Who with?' / 'Who is she going with?'
· 'I \\rant to talk to you.' 'What about?' / 'What do YOll \i\lult to talk to rne about?'
B What is it like? / What are they like? ele.

What's (= What is) it like? = tell I1lC sOlnething about it - is it good or bad, big or snull, old or
11 e\,v? elc.
When \VC say 'What is it like?', like is a preposition. It is 11.<1{ the verb like ("Do you like your
ne\v house?' elL).
· A: 'There's a ncvv' rcstanr.:lI1t in our street.
ll: What's it like? Is it good?
A: I don't kuo\v. J hiven't eaten there vet.
I
· A: What's YOllr ne\v teacher like?
B: She's very good. We learn a lot.
· A: [ 111ct Linda's lMrcnts yesterday.
13: I)id you? What are they like?
A: T'hey're very friendly.
· A: Did YOLI have a nice holid,ay? What was the \veather like?
B: It \vas lovely. The sun shone every day.
19R] quest.ions ===> UNITS 43-44 what/which/how ===> mIl prepusitions => . UNITS 99-106

.......
""
UNIT
'"
EXERCISES
45
'" 45.1 You want the missing information (XXXXX). Write questions with who or what.
"'.
A
...,
J
J (What -----...'--------.. you ....-.---.............-............................................. J
( ........."... ........'.. ..........'. ............ ........... ........,.,. ........" .......,." ....------". ....--, )
( .----.."". - ..-.--..". .------.... .-------... .------- --., ---.----.". ......._"... ........... ........... ........ )
) (.......... ............. .......... ...........' .........'" .........,. ...-....." ---------" ,......-...,. .......... J
J [............ ............ ....,..... ............ ............ .......... ........... ..-...--.., -------- -.... -..-.---.. J
( ,......_.._...fr9.rr..r...
1 The lcttcr is fi'onl XXXXX.
......
2 ( 1'111 looking fi.)r a XXXXX.
3 I \vent to the CinCI11a \vith XXXXX.
.....
4 . rhe filtH \,vas about XXXXX.
'"
......
5 ( I gave the 1110ney to XXXXX.
6 ( The book was "\vrittcn by XXXXX.
45.2
Complete the questions for the pictures. Use one of these verbs + a preposition:
listen look talk talk wait write
'"
"'\
f
2
6
""
""
....
I
.... 2
3
..9.._,.t!..9,,.?,..
Wlla t ..... .......... .......... ......." ........,. .......", ,....._.,.. .........."...
Wll0 .....' ......., ...._._..,. ..____,., ,_.___." ,...____.,.. ,______.,. ,______.".,____
4 WIIJ l. . ......."" .......",. .......",. ..____...,. ________.". ___..._ _.,.. .........'.. ..........
5 W 11 at........ , , ....... .. , . ......... . . . . ....... . . . ........ . . . ......... , , ,......... . , ,.. __ __ __.. , ,
() W}lic 11 11l1S ____... ......__._, ...........,.. .....,..... .......... ..........." .........., ,.
.....
45.3 Write questions beginning Which... ?
.....
....
1
2
3
4
TOIU'S fathcr is in hospita1.
We staved at a hotel.
,
Jack plays [or a football teanl.
I \vent to school in this to\vn.
.....@...QP.....,..?....
... _________.,. .._______.... ________", _..____.."... \r() II .", ....__.."... .......... ............ ..........".
,
'"
....
45.4
You want some information about another country. You ask somebody who has been there.
Ask questions with What is/are... like?
1 (the roads) ......#1...r.9....,..
2 (tIle food) ............ ......... ........... .....,..... ..........' ............. ........
3 (the people) ........ ..______.. ..._______... ..._..._... ,........... ..............
4 (the \vea ther) ............... ..............._____......_____.._................
....
'"
'" 45.5
Ask questions with What was/were ... like?
'"
1 Your friend has just con1l back fro111 holiday. Ask about the \\Tcathcr.
....Wtt....._,__,.__,r.,.,
2 Your fi-iend has just corne back [roIn the cinerna. Ask about the fihn.
....
......
3 Your friend has just finished an English coursc. Ask about the lessons.
....
4 Your friend has just conIC back [roll1 holiday_ Ask about the hotel.
....
l.99J

UNIT
46
What ... ?
Which...?
How... ?
A What + noun (What colour ... ? / "What kind ... ? Cle)
. What colour is vour car? · What colour arc vour eves?
, , ,
. What size is this shirt? · What ..nake is your TV set?
. What titue is it? · What day is it todav?
" .'
. What kind of job do you \\-rant? (or What type of job ... ? / What sort of job ... ?)
What r.vithout a IWlm:
. What's YOllr flvourite colour? · What do you \vant to do this evening?
B Which -\- 1101111 (thillS or people):
. Which train did you CJtch - the 9.50 or the 10.30?
. Which doctor did YOll see - f)octor Ellis, Doctor C;ray or J)octor Hill?
\Vc use '\vhich r..//ithout a nOlln fi)r thillgs, not people:
. Which is bigger - Canada or Austr3Jia?
\Ve use who F<)r people (without a noun):
. Who is taller - Bill or C;crry? (not 'Which is taUer?')
c
What or which?
We use ,"rhich \\Then \ve are thinking about a sIna)] nUlnber of possibilities (perhaps 2, 3 or 4):
. We can go this \\ray or that \vay.
Which way shall \ve go?
. There are f()ur LIlubrcllas here.
Which IS yours?

.
or
'7
.
or
?
or
,
.
.
What is 1l101"C general:
. What is the capit.ll of Argentina?
. What sort (f Inusic do YOll Ijke?
CO.lllparc:
. What colour are his eyes? (1101 'Which colour?')
Which colour do )lOll prefer, pink or yellow?
. What is the longest river in the \vorld?
Which is the Jongest river - the Mississippi the An1azon or the Nile?
WHICH?
D How ... ?
. 'How Vv"(lS the P artv last nieht?' 'Jt \.-vas great.'
 L) 
. 'How do you usually go to \vork?' 'By bus.'
You can use how + adj('(tily/adlH'1"b (how tall / how old / how often etc.):
- tall are vou?' "rill 1 Jllctrc 70.'
J
big is the house?' 'Not very big.'
old is your nlotber?' 'She's 45:
'How <: far is it froIl1 here to the airport?' 'Five kilon1ctres:
often do you use your car?' 'Evcry day.'
long have hey beeuluarricd?' "I1.-n years.'
lTIuch \,V.iS the lueal?' 'l\vcnty pounds.'
11 00 J
qucstions => UNITS 43-45
How long does it take ... ? ==> .:iJ which one(s) ::::::} 

-
-...
..-...
EXERCISES
___ 46.1 Write questions with what.
_.
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
I've got a nc\v TV set.
I \Vdllt £1 job.
['vc got a ne\v s\.veater.
[ got up early this 1110rning.
I like lllUsic.
I \\1ant to buy a car.
(Inake?)
(kind?)
( colour?)
(tilne?)
(type?)
(kind?)
___ 46.2 Complete the questions. Use Which... ?
1 id1 w
,..----., ......,.,. .....".,....
shall \ve go?
.-....

"""'
........
-
"""' 46.3
--
-...
3
-------
Put in what/which/who.
1 .. is that luan's nalne?
2 wn \vay shall \VC go? Left or right?
3 You C.111 have tea or coffee. ..................... do
you prefer?
4 . d . . t t I ?' ' F ' J '
..............,....., ay IS 1 oc ay. nuay.
5 This is a nice house. ..................... rOOI1] is
vours?
J
UNIT
46
wn oJ:. mo.ke is it?
--.-----.......----..................---............-..
---..:,.4,.Qfj.....H..r.."
Wlla t ..... ..____.... ..._.....,.. .........' ............ ............ ............. .........,. ......
.........,. .........', ..----.., , ....----." ..------... ..------,., ..........". ......... ge t Ll P ?
I[
goes to the
centre?
() ..................... is your L1vourite sport?
7 ..................... is Ilon, expensive, Ineal. or fish?
8 ..................... is older, Ann or George?
9 ..................... kind of GU11era have you got?
lOA: Marv has ot three Call1eras.
. ....'
B: ..................... Call1era does shc usc Illost?
11 . 1 . ?
. ...,................. natlona ll.y are yOll.
46.4 Complete the questions with How + adjective or adverb (high/long etc.).

Write questions with How... ?
1 Are YOll 1. nletre 70? 1.75? 1.80? ...ti......HQr.
2 Is this box onc kilogran1? T",'o? Three? .....,________......._.____.................._.............................................................................
3 Arc you 20 years old? 22? 25? .......................................................___......._____........._.......................,...................
4 'Did you'spend L 1 O? L 15? L20? ...................................................................--.......-----..........................'...............
5 'Do you ',\latch TV every day? Once a \veek? Never?
-


-.,
46.5
--
.........
-.
1
2
3
4
5
6
J:19..oO.... is Mount Everest?
.. I .' ?
...................................... IS It to t le statIon.
. H 1 .?
..............................__...... IS e en.
..__.__... .._____... .._____.. .._____oO do the buses rUll?
. 1 ' '" . . I I i
______....______..._____......___...., IS t le \vatt r In t le poo .
...___............................... have vou lived here?
,
Nearly 9000 11lctrcs.
rt's about tvvo kilolIletres fro111 here.
She's 26.
Every ten ll1inutcs.
T\vo 111etres.
N early three years.
-
6 Is it 1000 nli]es frOlll Paris to Mosco\v? 1500? 2000?
..........
[1011

UNIT
47
A
B
P021
How long does it take... ?
/
/
I
...
...
1-10\,r long does it take ?
by plane -,
t\VO hours by train fro In ... to ...
I t takes ten 111Hl1ltes hv (".IT
.1 long tilne ,
-.j
j
I
I
J
I
I
Ho\v long does it take by plane
fJOnl I,ondon to Nladrid?
It takes t\VO hours.
· Ilo\-v long does it take by train frolll .I ,onoon to Manchcster?
· It takes t\.vo hours bv tr3in fi,'onl Lon'don tt) Manchester.
,
· Hovv' long does it take by car fi"0111 your house to the station?
· It takes ten llUIllltcs by car fn.))n rny house to the station.
does (you)
llo\v long did it take (Ann) to ... ?
will (theIn)
takes (tHe) a \veek
It took (Ann) a long tinlc to . ow
will take (theln) three hours
I started reading the book on Monday.
1 finished it on Wednesday evening.
It took l11.e three c..t.ys to read it.
· Ho\v long does it take to fly fiUl11 London to Madrid?
· It takes a long tilTIe to learn a lallgudge.
· It doesn't take long to cook an oluelette.
· It takes me 20 nunutes to get to \\lork.
· 'I Gune by trai.ll.' ']Jid you? 1.10\\1 long did it take (to get here)?'
· It took TonI an hour to do his shopping.
· Did it take you a long tirne to find a job?
· I Jo\.v long will it take Ine to learn to drive?
· It will take us an hour to cook the dinner.

..
'"
UNIT
...
EXERCISES
47
, 47.1
Look at the pictures and write questions with How long... ?
......
....
L, ,..."
I I '-_
'-. _" I
\ / (
......'--...... ,
\
I
,
,
'-
"
""
1 .....9..,......LP.,frQ,..QJ;9..A...?,...
2
3
4
""
'" 47.2
How long does it take to do these things? Write full sentences.
'"
1 flv frorn your city/country to London
.!,t.... ,.P..9r....tQ. ,.. .f!Q...i4:, ,...4Q ,....
2 fly [ronl your city/country to Ne\v York
"",
'- 3 study to be a doctor in your country
'" 4 \-vaJk frorl1 yonr hOl1le to the nearest shop
'" 5 get frorn your b01ne to the nearest airport
.......
47.3
Write questions with How long did it take ... ?
1 (She h)lUH_i a place to live.) .HQ..J9...,._._h.__...4:....P.....r...
2 (1 \,valked to the station.) ................___.........___..........___...........___...,..__.___ you ._......_____...'..m.m......___................................
3 (He clear1 ed t}l e \\Tin L10\\TS.) ..... ............ ............ ............. ............ ............ ........,.. ........., , .........' ,__......... ....____..... ..._.__....., ..........'..
4 (I lear!l t to ski.) ..........." ..........,. ..........". .........,,'. ..........' .........'.. ............ ........... ........... ..........' , ...........,. ...____..., .....
5 ('I-'lley repaired tIle car.) ....__..., .___......" .______....,. ...._..__..... ,__________,.. ______..., ....__._... ............, .........,.. ............ ............ .........., , ......
..\ 47.4 Read the situations and write sentences with It took... .
"',
'"
'"
'" 1 I read a book last \\Teek. [ started reading it on Mondav. I finished it three days later.
..J.......r..........fu..Q9..:.. J .
'- 2 We vlalked h0l11C last night. We left at 10 0' clock and \VC arrived h0I11C at 10.20.
'"
3 I learnt to drive last year. I had IllY first driving lesson illJanuary. I passed 111Y driving test six
111011 tllS la ter. ......... .......... ........... ............ ............ ............ .............. ............. .......... .......,.. ............. ...n...'.. ...nn..' ....___...., .............. .............
4 Mark drove to London yesterday. He left honll at R o'clock and got to London at 10.
...
'"
5 Linda bcgan looking for a job a long tirue ago. She got a job last "veek.
"\ 6 (uJrite a true sentence about yourself)
....
'"
[103]

UNIT
48
A
Do you know where ... ?
I don't know what... etc.
(onlXl1T:
Who are those people? bllt
1-10\\7 old is Linda?
What titne is it?
\XJhl'rL can I go?
Ho\v 11l1lCh is this catnera?
\Vhen are you going av.ray?
Where have they gone?
What "vas Ann \vc<lring?
Where 'is" Paula?

Do you know \....therc Paula "is ?
(n,ot '])0 you kno\v v\lhere is Paula?')
III the: Sallll' \vay \ve say:
I kno\v }
I don't kno\v vI/here Paula is
Can vou tdl 1l1e
J
\Vc say:
but:
\,\Iho those people are
Do you know hO\\7 old Linda is ;
Can you te111TIC \Nhat titHe it is .
\vhere I can go -
ho,....... 111uch this camera is
I know
\vhen you're going a\vay
I don't know
I don't ren1.en1.ber vv-here they have gone
\vhat Ann was \Vearillg
B Qu('tiolls with dol does! did UJ1'CSClIt simple and past si1nplc):
Where does he live ?
I
Do you know \....there he lives ? (11.01"1)0 you kno\v where does he live?')
COlllpare:
Ho\,v do aeroplanes fly? hut
Whar docs Jane ""VcHlt?
Why did she go ll()lue?
Where did I put the key?
Do you know ho\v aeroplanes fly ';>
I don't know \vhatJane wants -
I don't rctnenlber \vhy she went hOIlle
I know \vhere I put the key
C (uestions beginning Is ... ? / Do ... ? I Can... ? efe (yes /1"10 questions):
COtllparc:
Is Jack at hOllle? but
Have they got a Clr?
Can Brian S\VilU?
Do they live near here?
Did anybody see you?
11041
Do you know Jack is at hOTIle ?
if they've got a car
Brian, can s\vun -
or
I don't know whether they live near here
anybody saw you
You can use if or "vhether ill these sentences:
· ])0 you kno\.v if they've got, a car? or l)o you knO\\7 whether, they've got a car?

..
....
...
'\ 48.1
..
'\
"
"
....
.....
"
EXERCISES
UNIT
48
Answer these questions with I don't know where/when/why... etc.
1
2
3
4
5
6
I lave your fricnds gone hOIHe?
Is I{ate ill her office?
Is the castle very old?
Will Paul be here soon?
Was he an g rv because I \vas "late?
 J
]-jas Sally lived here a long titne?
...." 48.2 Complete the sentences.
1 (1-10\\7 do aeroplanes fly?)
2 (Wherc does Susan work?)
3 (What did Peter say?)
4 (Why did he go honle early?)
:J (What tinle does the filtH begin?)
(-) (Ho\v did the accident hclppen?)
"48.3 Which is right?
(\'vrhere) "I.. .4Pn)...... .b.J:\':, 9Q., ....
(\vhere) I don't kno\v ...................___........______....____......................
(110\\7 0] d) .. .......... ............ .......... ........., .........,. ........." ..._____..". ..___...."..n
(\:Y'11 ell) ...... ........... ........... ............ .......... .........,. .........', .........., .....____..,..___
(\\/11)') ______.. ________., ..______.., _____.....,. .n__...'" .........,'. .........". ............ ...............
(how long) ...." "'---'", ,...__...., .._____...,. ..______., ________..". ........., , ..................
Do vou kno"v ...n...p__f4J.r.
J
I do I1't kIlO\\7 .......,.. .......,.. ........,. "'__"'''' ..--.--.., , __.________. ...____.." 'n.....'". ......."..
])0 vou reIl1enlber ...........................___.........___........_____.. ..____............. ... ?
J ' ,
I do Il't kll0\\7 .......... ......... .......... ........... .........,. ..........,. ....__...,. ______...... n__...."..
1)0 YOll kn()\l ".......................................,.................................................. ?
1 d()I1't relnen1 ber _....,..___....,...._....,' ,........, ,........,'.. ,.......... ........... ............ '"
.... 1 Do yqu kno\v \vhat tinlc fs--.i.t / it is ? Do you kno\.v \\rh.lt titHe it is ? is right
2 Why' are you / 'you are going a\.vay?
... 3 I don't knO\\1 \\There arc they / they are going.
4 Can you tell IlIC \vhere is the IHuseUlll / the llUlseUl1l is ?
..... 5 Where do you \:VJllt / you \vant to go for your holidays?
6 Do you kno\v what do elephants eat / elephants eat ?
.....
48.4 Write questions with Do you know if ... ?
"
.....
'"
.. 48.5
....
...
""
..
.... 48.6
..
"
...
.....
1 (I-Iave they got a car?)
2 (Are they Iuarried?)
3 (Does Sue know Bill?)
4 (Will George he here t0I110]TO\V?)
5 (J )id he p£ISS his eXa]l1?)
..P..!I.. ...9.....X..9......?.....
o () y() 11 k]l ()\V ".........,.. .......,.. ........, , ............. ........... .......... ............. ......,'...
Write questions beginning Do you know... ?
1 (What does Ann \VUlt?) ...P9..H__9....#..Art,.....?.___
2 (Wllere is PauLl?) Do .........' ............,...........,............__._..., ,....___...,...___...,...._......,........." ........., ..........,
3 (I s she \vorkillg today?) ........ ........... .............. ........... .......... ........... .........,. .........' ...___....., ____.___.,. ...__...., ,........"
4 (W hat tin1 e does she start \.vo rk?) ...... ............. ........... .............. .......... ........... .......... ........, ............. ...__..........___.... .______....
5 (Are the sh ops open t0I110rrO\v?) ...., '...........,..........', ,.......... .........., .........'..........'. ........... .......... .........., ,......--.., , ..___....,.
6 (Where do Sa rah an d T inl live?) -_......_____... ...--------.. ,..._____.. ,..._____.. ,..____..., ,....__.............. ............ .......,... ........... .............
7 (Did they go to An I1'S party?) .........--..." ..........., .............._______......__..... ...------, ....---._....._.__............... .........................
Use your own ideas to complete these sentences.
1 1)0 VOll kno\",' \vhv ..#!............. ?
" .
2 1)0 ye.)ll kl1 ()\"', \,v hat tiTIle .__..., ...__....,... .......... ............ ............. ........... .......... ............ .......... ........... .......... .....__..., ....____... ...______..__.__ ?
3 Excllse I11l\ C3]1 ,rOll tellille \v11ere ...... ............ .............. ........... ........... ....,...... ........... ......... .......... ..........' ,....__..... ...____..., ____. ?
,
4 I de.) 11't k 11 0\\' \.V llat . ,.._____... .........,.. ........... ............ ........... ............ .........'.. .....,.... ......,.... ........... .......... ........... ........" ,....____.,. ...____.., .._____
S Do yo 11 k 11 ()\V if __... ...___.... ....___.." .........',. ........,... ............ .......... .............. ......... ........... ........... ........, ........., , ..____..'" ...____..... ._____..,. .____. ?
105]

UNIT
49
A
B
c
[106]
She said that.. g
He told me that...
Last \veek YOli \vent to a party. A lot of
your friends \verc there. I [ere are S0l11C
thint:,'rS they said to you:
DIl\NE
 .-':, ,., I'r11 enjoying 111)' ne\\' job.
r . . ,... -
... 
 -<M y father ;sn't very well )
St\lZ.l\H
E"'J; 
I have to go t'n-Iv.
.... ,
My sister has
gone to Australia.
ANN  Ican'tfinddjO b)
:0  s' ':':,''':----:( I'll phone you )
 jJ don't like 111Y job )
I,.
AN<:EI.A ['.:4' My son doesn't
... lIke school.
"Y ou look tired .) n
 (I feel fine. ) 
MIKe
an... }
. -; was
ts
are -; were
have } I I
I -) 1a{
las
can -; could
will  would
do } -) did
does
look -; looked
feel felt
ele.
(present)
rtc.
(past)
say and tell
say (-) said)
· He said that he \vas tired.
(no; 'I-Ie said rue')
· What did she say to you?
(not 'say you')
Do not sav: 'he said HIe', 'I said Auu' ele
J
Todav vou 111cet Pau1. 'You tell hiJn
, ,
about the party. Y(JU tdl PdU! \\That
}'Ol.lrji';cl1ds said:
l)ialle said that she was enjoying
her nevv job.
She said that her father wasn't
very \\Ten.
Sarah and Tilll said that they
were going to buy a house.
Pc-ter said that he had to go early.
He said that his sister had gone
to Austr.l1ia.
Ann said that she couldn't find
a job.
Steve said thclt he would phone
Jne.
Allgela s.lid that she didn't like
hc-r job.
She said that her son didn't like
schoo1.
Mike said that I looked tired.
I said that I felt fine.
tell (-) told)
· He tol nle th.It he \\Tas tired.
(not 'I-Ie told that. . . ')
· What did she tell you?
(not 'tell to you')
})o not S.IY: 'he tl)ld to llle', '} told to Ann' ele.
Y()11 can say:
· He said that he \vas tired. Of I-Ie- said he vvas tired. (without 'that')
· Ann told lue that she didn't like her job. Of Ann told Ilk': she di_dn't "like her job.
I told hinl to  UNIT 52

EXERCISES
UNIT
49
49.1
Read what these people say and write sentences with He/She /They said (that) ... .
1 n -«( I'vc lost my watch. ]
.......
6 .--'f'.'
-'  ij)
.- "=-
[ don't fcel very \vell.
He so..UL tie ad., lost tlis wa.W1.
..........---....--...... ..--....------...------.....----...... -----......---........--
2 f} -<( I'Ill very busy. ]
7 J';;,iL -«(We'll be home late. )
---.............-........ ..................................---........----....... ----.......---........
3  --{ I can't go to the party. ]
8 I've just COlne back fi'0111 holiday:
4 J['.... ...u.:.) .........uu.....u........ ..uu
9  I'm going LO buy a computer.
5.!1. --{I'm learning Russian.]
10  --(We haven't got a key. )
49.2 Use the pictures to complete the sentences.
I)m 0!1in9
fYI!:j new Job.
3  __.1 .   MIKtii.
I nit. 
 
'. ".. - 
.  . \y ,'M,
6 "! " l)lL swd.. MOO
....  0,;.... .....
..J 2
J. He 5 gOt'\e "ome.
'1
.r--"';',1-' 'n:"
. ",;'... ..> S "f""'t:: v -=
\... :t'..:"-",,:.(, _ . I  
1 I Illet .Diane last \veek. She said ...JJ.,.,..!i9....,j.......
2 Betty didn't \vant anything to eat. She said ..........................m.....'nm...............................,....,........,..............................
3 I \vanted to bOrrO\7 Mike's ladder but he said ............,..........,................................................................m....................
4 Sally was invited to the party but she said .............................................,..............................................,....m..........m........
5 Sharon tokl 111C she didn't \V.Ult the picture. She said nm...............,...........,..............................................................
6 Martin has just gone avvay on holiday. He said ...........................m.......m......'.............................,................................
7 [\vas looking for Itobert. Linda said ......................................................................m.........m..,...........................................
8 'Why did Steve stay at hOIllC?' '1 Ie said ..........................................................................................m.......m..............,'
9 'Has Mary gone out?' 'J think so, She said ............................................................................................mm....'....m.,'
49.3 Put in say/sid or tell/told.
1 He ,.. he \vas tired.
2 What did she ..., you?
3 Ann ............... she didn't like Peter.
4 Jack ............... nlC theit you \vere ill.
5 Please don't ...............J1111 \vhat happened.
6 J)id Lucy............... shc vvould be late?
7 The \VOIl1dll ............... she \vas a reporter.
H The \\/01113n ............... us she was J reporter.
9 They asked Ine a lot of qucstions but I
didn't ..m......m. therl1 anything,
10 They asked n1e a lot of questions but I
didn't 'mm...m.. anything.
[1071

UNIT
50


A


B


c


work/working


go/going


do/doing


work/ go/be ree. (itdiuiri1Jc)
'We LIse the: .infinitive "vith willi can/ll1.l1st ctc:


will
shall
ll1ight
l1"1ay
can
could
tuust
should
would


Ann will be here soon. }
Shall I open the \-vill(knv?
ltuight phone you later. } .
May I sit here?
I can
t lncet YOLI tC>IllOrrO\-\l. }
Could you pass the salt, please?
It's late. I nutst go no\-v.
You shouldn't work so haret.
Would VOll like SOT1le cot1(
e?
J


=> Unit 3

=> 'U nit 33
=> Unit 35


=> U'nits 28-29


==> Unit 30


=> Unit 3 I


dol docs
(present simplc)


Do you work?
They don't work very hard.
r-I'ina doesl1't know Illany peoplc.
Ho"v IlILlCh does it cost?


==> Units (;-7


did
(jhlSt simplr)


What tilne did the train leave?
We didn't sleep \vdl.


==> Unit 12


to \vork / to go / to be e{L (to + h
ltniti1Jc)


1'11.1 going to play tennis tOll101TO\V. => Unit 27
What are YOLI going to do?
(I) have to... I have to go 11 O\\-'. ==> Unit 34-
Everybody has to eat.


(I'nl) going to...


(I) want to... Do you want to go out? => Unit 51
They don't want to cotne ,.vith us.
(I) would like to... I'd like to talk to yon. => Unit 35
Would you like to go out?
(I) used to... L1ave used to work in a flCtory. ==> Unit 25


V\.Torking/ going/playing elc.


aln/is/ are 1- -ing
(prescut (On.tin.lfollS)


Please be quiet. 1'111. working. ==> Units 3-4, H, 26
TOllI isn't working today.
What tin1e are YOLI going out?
It was raining, so VIle didn't go ont. => U'nits 13-14
What were YOll doing vvhcn the phone rang?


was/ were + -ing
(pdSf c01Jtinuotls)


[I. OH I verb:-; + to ...
\lld -ing (I ,vant to do / I enjoy doing) ::::} mIl go + -ing ::::} I!mII:1J




EXERCISES
UNIT
50
50.1 Complete the sentences. Write: ... phone Paul or ... to phone Paul.
1 1'11 ,..p.b,..P.L . 6 Do you have .------......--.........------......--------..--.-----.......--- ?
2 I'nl going ......pttg..P.k. . 7 You should .................................................................... .
3 Call )r()Ll ............................,...........".........."...--....." PaLII? 8 I \\rant ................................................................................ .
4 Sll..l1l I ,...................................,.....--.., ,--.----... ,..------.. , ,.......... , ? 9 I II1igllt ........................'......................'.........................,.... .
5 I'd like ................:...............--.........__.................................... . 1. () Y()Ll Il1l1St ......................................................................... .
50.2 Complete the sentences with a verb from the box. Sometimes you need the infinitive (work/go etc.) and
sometimes you need -ing (working/going etc.).
do/doing
eat/ eating
fly Iflying
get/ getting
go/going
listen/listening
sleejffsk cp in g
stay /staying
\i\1ait/\Jvaitillg
\Veitch / \V cltch in g
w'ear/\vearing
'",vork/ \y,.:orking
1 Please be quiet. rIn ..9r9.... .
2 I fed tired today. I didn't ...___.. very \velllast night.
3 What tiIlle do you usually .......m..........................., up in the 1110rning?
4 'Where are you ._____,...___.........................?' 'To thc bank.'
5 Did you ....___.....______.................... tdevision last night?
6 Look at that plane! It's ...................................... very 10\,\7.
7 You can turn off the radio. 1 'nl not __....______........__................ to it.
S They didn't ......................,............... anything because they \veren't hungry.
<J My &iends \.vcrc ..........._____......___............. for tIle \vhen [ arrived.
10 'lloes Sharon alw'ays ...................................... glasses?' 'No, only fi)r reading.'
11 ' WI 1 . .?' ' 1 ' I '
lat are YOll ...................................... t us evenIng. 111 ....,................................. at. 10n1C.
50.3 Put the verb in the correct form. Choose:
the infinitive (work/go etc.) or to... (to work/to go etc.) or -ing (working/going etc.)
1 5h.111 I ...9P... the windo\.v? (open)
2 I t's late. 1 have ..tp..9..... nO\Jv. (go)
 A . , workin g 1 , . k 51 ' I t . d ( r - k)
.) n11 1sn t .................. ..... t lIS wee. Ie s on 10] ay. \\ OJ
4 r In tircd. I don't \.vU1t ...................................... out. (go)
5 It nlight ...........................,.......... , so take an u111brella \vith you. (rain)
6 What til,ne do you have ...................................... torIlorrow 1l1orning? (leave)
7 1'Ill afraid I can't ...................................... you. (help)
8 My brother is a student. He's ...........______....__.___........m physics. (study)
9 Would you like .............................__....... on a trip round the \vorld? (go)
10 When you saw Janet, \vhat \vas she ......................................? ("veal')
11 When you go to London, \vhere are you going ......................................? (stay)
12 1'111 hungry. I 111USt ...................................... s0l11cthing to eat. (have)
13 'Whcrc's George?' '1 Ie's .............................___...... a bath.' (have)
14 I used ...................................... a car but I sold it last year. (have)
15 He spoke very quietly. I couldn't ...................................... hil11. (hcar)
16 You don't look \veli. I don't think you should ........___........._____.....___..... to Vv'ork today. (go)
17 I don't kno\v \,v hat he said. 1. \.vasn't ........................___.___....... to hin1. (listen)
18 r £11 sorry I'D1 Jate. I had ............................______.... a phone call. (nuke)
19 I \vant ...___......__........................ \vhat hclppened. (knovv) You HUlst ...................................... IIle. (tell)
20 May I ..___........__....................... your phone? (use)
p09J

UNIT
51
to ... (I want to do) and -ing (I enjoy doing)
A
1Jcrbs + to ... ([ want to do)
want
hope
need
plan
expect
.
pronuse
decide
offer
refuse
try
forget
learn
+ to... (to do / to work / to be dc.)
· What do you want to do thi evening?
· It's not very late. We don't need to go hotne yet.
· Tina has dcided to sell hc-r car.
· You forgot to switch off the ]ight \vhcn yon ,vent ont.
· My brother is learning to drive.
· 1 tried to read J11Y book but T \vas tl)O tired.
B lJ('tbs + -ing (I enjoy doing)
.
enJoy
l1lind
stop
finish
suggest
.+ -ing (doing / working / being cte.)
· ] enjoy dancing. (not 'c-njoy to dance')
· J don't mind gc-tting up early.
· Has it stopped raining?
· Sonia suggested going to the cillerna.
( el{jou d.ancin 9  '''--'''0\  .:.t. "'-
.'-.  . I . ;-. .::..:..r:.:. . ..::r.'r.:
L.#-'-1-'- ._..  _ ".' : ...-......t.,  r"-........
_-- "'_ ... ... . - )"1 #::". ....; ....  :_"
"..ft "". .frrl-:
.. ,  . . \:
. . _.)" .....,' ''; " ...:. .' . ' . "
\ "\' f.':: .,<t. :';:::,
.' \ \ \ 1/' ./.: '.:. ,,\::....':,
. \. . ' ' 1_"'
,.' . " , ' *"'....... {";'!
!'.  ... " .,  ...:''.:'
['. .. ,',' .1,;"(
.' ",-: U. - .  ' t/ I " :,:: {;''.
- .:'> l  fA lis i",-t.,,:,
l( / I .F  ,," (;' . I "'"li
, . _\....., .. ...'{ . .'...:; , ,
!':, -'. ""1;.,:"'1__"\\ ":""'.-'.
ii:;tAi':-::i. < '::'> <;'i'::t,:'l::'" ;::.;
c
ucrbs -I- -ing or to...
like
prefer
love
hate
start
begin
continue
-I- -ing (doing elL) or to... (to do ele)
· 1)0 you like getting up early? or Do YOli like to get up early?
· r prefer travelling by car. or 1 prefer to travel by car.
· Ann loves dancing. or Ann loves to dance.
· I hatc being late. Of I hate to be late.
· It started raining. or It started to rain.
D
would like to ... (ele.)
would like would love
would prefer would-hate
-I- to... (to do / to work / to be ere)
· Julia would like to tneet you. (not \vould like lneetillg')
· I'd love to go to Australia. (I'd = 1 would)
· 'Would YOll like to sit do\vn?' 'No, I'd prefer to stand, thank you.'
· 1 wouldn't like to be a teacher.
l11 0]
would like =:} m:EI I want you to ... => 1!111)
preposition + -ing =:} UNIT 105
go + -illg => I!J!III3

'.
, 51.1
...
,
\,
,
...
...
...
51.2
...
,
,
,
"
...
...
...
51.3
... f)
....c .
...
"
,
"
...
...
51 A
...
"
...
EXERCISES
Put the verb in the right form, to... or -ing.-
1 I elYoy ..9... (dance).
2 What do you \vant ..49..,. (do) tonight?
3 Goodbye! I hope __............................ (see) you
J.gall1 soon.
4 I learnt .__........................... (S\'Vin1) vv'hen I \.vas
five years old.
S I lave you finished ..........______.._______...... (dean) the
kitchen?
6 I'nl tired. I \VUlt ,...........,...___......____. (go) to bed.
7 1)0 you enjoy ......................_....,.. (visit) other
countries?
8 The \veather vv'as nice, so I suggested
....m.....___.............. (go) fin" a walk by the river.
UNIT
51
9 Where's Bill? He proIllised .....__.........____......____
(be) here on tilHe.
10 rIll not in a hurry. I don't Blind
................,............. (\'lait).
11 What have you decided .............................. (do)?
12 George \vas very angry and refused
.............................. (speak) to rue.
13 Where's Ann? I need .....................,........ (ask)
her son1ethillg.
14 I \vas very upset and started ..m__...........m.. (cry).
15 l' nl trying ..__.......__...._.....__..._. (vl/ork). Please stop
______... ,.__...... ...____.., , (talk).
Complete the sentences using 10 ... or -ing. Use one of these verbs:
go help live lose rain read see send take wait walk watch
1 I like] ,ondon but J \vouldll't like ........ there.
2 J like ..g..cQR....). photographs w'hen I'lll on holiday.
3 I inda has a lot of books. She enjoys ,...._.........m_........______..,.. .
4 l'ln surprised that you're here. I didn't expect ........00.....'....................., you.
5 f)on't forget ........................m........___ us a postcard w'hen you're on holiday.
6 ' l 11 . 1 . . ?' ' If l ' k . b .. , c ] ..] , . d '
S 1a v\.Te get a taxI to t Ie Clnellla. you 1 e, ut Jt lsn t lar. lion t I111l1 ......................................
7 This rino' is verv beautiful. I'd hate .................................00... it.
t':t ,
8 Julia had a lot to do, so I offered ____..______......______.............. her.
9 What shall \VC do this afternoon? Would vou like ...................................... to the beach?
J
10 When 1'111 tired ill the evenings, [ like ........__.......__..........___..... television.
11 'Shall we go nO\\T?' 'No, I'd prefer ______....._____....,..______....._... a fe\-v 11.linlltes.'
12 rlullot going out until it stops ........_......00..................... .
Complete the answers to the questions.
1
2
3
4
5
6
1)0 you usudlly get up early?
Do you ever go to I11USCulns?
lJo YOli often \vri,te letters?
Have YOll ever been to N C\N "Y()rk?
Do YOll otten travel by train?
Shall \VC cat at h0111e or go to a
restaurant?
;),.,
I '
.
.
Yes, I like ....99..(9R.,..9..J..p....4I.. .
Yes, l I ()\re ..,.. ..00....'.. ..00....... ..00......, ............ ..0000........ .00....'.. ........ .
No, I don't like ...________..._________...________....______......____.__............ .
No, but I'd love .......00_.........._......._...................... one day.
Yes, I etlj o)r ......... .............. .......... ........... ........... ..........., ........... .
I don't tnind .......'.....,.........,........................... a restaurant
but I'd prefer ....................................00.................. hornet
Complete these sentences. Write about yourself. Use to ... or -ing.
1 I ell j ()y "". ..___." ..____...,.. .......... ........... ........".,' .00.....'. ...00.....'. ...__....., ..______..".. ._____..,. .______..,. .___00....'. .___00..". ._.___...., .__00__..... ..-----...,. ------. _... ..___
2 I. d() 11' t Ii ke ..., .__00_..'............. ........,.. .00....". ..._......,. .____...., m_____..'... .______.." .__0000.." .._.00...". ..00...'" ..._00_..". ._.00.....'. .00.00.."'. .._0000..". ..__...., "_00"
3 If it's a nice day tOlllOrrO\i\1, I'd like __....______......____.....,..__........,_.............00........00......................00................'....00......................_
4 W 11 eTI I'll) 011 llolida-v:, IIi ke ....... __..___........____.., ...--0000..' '...00.--... ....0000... ....00....... ........., ........... ............ ..........' .......00.... "'00"" ....00..
J
5 ] (1<.) 11' t 1) lirlcl 00....... .......... ........., ...00.....'.. .._____.., __ ._____... .._____..... blJ t ....,.. .00.....'.. ..00....... .......... .............. ......... ............ ............ ...00..... "00..
() T \\T() l11 <.h l't like ........ .......... .......",. ....__...,' ..______.,... .___....., .__..._.."" ........".. .......... ........... .........., ,.......... ..........,... .......... .........,... .......... ._...
[111 ]

UNIT
52
I want you to ...
I told you to ...
A
I want you to ...
V 
E e Mn't9£)
'I'he \\o'0111<1n wants to go.
The rnan doesn't want the \V0111an to go.
l-Ie wants her to stay.
We say:
{ vou }
I want sOIebody
Ann
to do sOIllething
· I want you to be happy. (Hot 'I \VHlt that you are happy')
· They dldl1't want anybody to know their secrct.
· Do vou want lue to lend vou S0l11C 111011ev?
J 'J
We use would like in the S:Ul1C \lav:
J
· Would you like Ine to lend YOll SOBle l.11oney?
B We also Lise this structure (ll('rh + SOlllebody + to ...) \\lith:
IX rh sOinebody to ...
ask Sue askcd a fi-iend to lend her sonle rl10ney.
tcll I told YOLI to be careful.
advise What do YOll advise 111C to do?
expect I didn't expect th enl to be here.
persuade We persuaded George to conte vv'ith LIS.
teach 1 taught I.ny brother to switTI.
c
ME
---7 Ann told J.ne to wait tor her.
---7 ,Paul told Sue not to wait for hinl.
D l11.akc and let
After ll1ake and let, \'lC do NOT use to:
· (--fe's very fl1111lY. He l1"lakes iue laugh. (not '(Hakes (ue to laugh')
· At school our teacher rnadc us work vcrv hard.
I
· Sue let HIe use her C0l11puter because Inille \Vdsn't \vorking (not 'let rne to use')
You eH} say Lef's ... (= Let us) \vhen you Vi/allt peopJe to do things '\vith you:
· Cotne on! Let's dance.
· 'ShaH \ve go ont t0l11ght?' 'No, 1'111 tired. Let's stay at hOIne.'
[112J
He told 111C that ... => 

......
......
......
52.1
......,
......
........
......
.......52.2
-
-
.......
......
.....
.......
""'"
.....
""'"
""'"


-
..... 52.3
-
.....
-
-
.......
-
-
-
EXERCISES
UNIT
52
Write sentences beginning I want you.. ./1 don't want you.../ Do you want me ... ?
'I (you lllUSt COllle vvith 111<.') ..J--,@..H.Q...---.-....:...
2 (lis l.e 11 care fi 111 )r) I \rall t ......",. .........., .............. ............. ........... ........... ........... ............. ............. ............. .............
3 ()l ease dOl1't llC all gr}r) I <.:i 011't ....., ............. .............. ........... .......... ......,..... .......,..... ......,..... .......,..... ............. ...............
4 (shall I vvait fi)r you?) Do YOll .......................................................m.......................m..............................................
5 (do n 't ph 0 n e llle roni ght) ,. ............. ......... .........., ............... ....____.., ..._....,' ,..____..,,' ,.._____...,. ..-----.., , ....__....., ......__....,' ...m._....'...
6 (yo U lllliS t luee t Sar8 b ) .... ______ __. _________". ....__....., .........." ....m....'. ........". ..........". .......,.. ............ ........."... ...m...".. .........,....
Look at the pictures and complete the sentences.
1 " '. n..' 2
I'm not Nett.
a W sl1wLd.. go
to tne c:loc.tor.
4 '! l1elp m 

,t l "t \ LINDA
: ....., .
Come on! Let' 5 o
to tne cinema..
Ie s a. good. fiLm .
( ...w u. 
- ,....'
- ... ,J. !E! -=
-  -
- - -
==  ==
'=_. "I ..
 .
5
J
1 I ) .111 persu ad ed .... . ...9,t?... ,.. ._...," ..........", ..m....." ........" ..........., .........,.. .........,. .........., ............,. .........", ....
2 I \vanted to get to the station. A \VOlnan told ..............................................................,.,.......................,.....................
3 B r iJl1 \.lasn 't \vell. [ advised ....... ........... ........... .........." .........." '.m_....." ...__...., ...m_..., .m_____.. '.m__....' '.m___...' 'm......." ,.._.__..., ....m
4 Lin ria had a lot of 1 ugga ge. She asked .... ,...-----..., ----------..... ..---..... ,...---.... ...---..... ,..---....., .......... ....---..... ...------..... ..-------.. --..---
5 I \\ras )11 sy. I to Ill........,.. .......,.. .n..."'. .n__....... -------." ..-----....,.. ..........", .........". ........,. ........". .........., ............ ..........,.. .........,'.. ........,.. .--..
6 I \\ranted to 1l1akc a phone call. Pauller .....................,...............................................................................,........................
7 Sue is going to phone later. I told .........,...........'...n............m._.....m___......____.."'..m....".m_.___.".m_.........._...................,.........
8 AnII's IUO th er ta u gh t ...', ........., ..m__....' ..m___.." ..______..,. ..._______", .....____..,' ..m__..". h__...." '...m...' ,__.......". ..m__..'. ..__.__...., .....__..." ..._____..
Complete these sentences with the verbs in the list. Sometimes to is necessary (to go I to wait etc.);
sometimes to is not necessary (go/wait etc.).
arrive borrow get ge- go nlake repeat tcll think wait
1 Please sUv here. I don't \vant VOLI ..tQ...9P.._n .
. ,
2 I didn't hear \,.rhat she said, so I asked her __......m___........._____....______....__.. it.
 3 ' 51 11 b '' ' N 1 ' £ . ,
_ .. la \ve egu1. 0, et S .....__..____.....'..m...................... a e\v 1l1l.llutes.
4 Are they already here? I expected thenl .............................................. 1l1nch bter.
5 Kevi n's p.llTnts didn'r \:vant hiln .....................____.......,...._.._...., Hurried:
6 I \V1I1t to stay here. You can't Blake 11lC ____.........______..........__......._____.., \.vith you.
' 1 I b . l ' ' N ., . J I ' H 1 . ,
7 s t 1at your lCYC e. . 0, It S. () "In s. e et llie .......m.................................... It.
8 Mary can't COIne to the party. She told rne __.......____...........m.....'............. you.
9 Would YOl1like a drink? Would you like 111e .............................................. sonle coffee?
10 'Ann doesn't like 111C.' 'What lllakes you __..........m............................... that?'
[ /13]

UNIT
53
A
B
c
I went to the shop to ...
Paula \vanted a nc\vspaper, so she' if
\vent to thc shop.
INEWS PAPERS -;
She \vent to the shop to buy a
nc\vspaper.
Why did she go to the shop?
To buy a nevvspapcr. -4'


" j!" RI'.III 
>-- \ ("1'-=
"'-= :::
\l \i.
"-- . k,-
-- .... .I"iln
)'t :::- =
- I -

to ... (to buy / to see elr.) tells us LillI}' a pcrson docs s0111ething:
· 'Why are YOll going out?' "To ge-t SOllIe bread.'
· Ann went to the station to meet her friend.
· Sue turned on the television to watch thc nC\\Ts.
· I'd like to go to Spain to learn Spanish.
llioney/tin'le to (do sOInerhing):
· We need SOlne .-noney to buy food.
· I haven'r got ti.-ne to watch television.
to ... and for ...
to + llerb
(to buy / to see de)
· [ \vent to the shop to buy a ne\vspaper.
(not 'for buy')
· They're going to Scotland to see their
friends.
· Wc need sorne n10ney to buy food.
for -I- n,oun
(for a newspaper / for food ele.)
· I \Nent to the shop for a newspaper.
· They're going to Scotland for a holiday.
· We need SCHue Inoney for food.
wait for ...
· Please wait for n'le.
· Are you waiting for the bus?
wait to (do sonlething):
· f-Iurry up! 1'111 waiting to go.
· Are you waiting to see thc doctor?
wait for (solI1ebody/soI11ething) to ... :
· I can't go Olt yet. I'lll waiting for John
to phone.
· Are you waiting for the doctor to COllie?
I co..n)t go out Met. j)m
wa.i!.iA1g for Jol1n to p}.1One.
f ra "'{'i\\
(. k',m'
1i'''I''-.o::''"'""-:a..
- \,
I' f
i
I
I !
( I '
,I'
((O
',,/ I J '
I:' ,
'I )
I --
,,,
-;;::
if(tI

,
......-/
-',-,
· ' i
--#)"

. ,
-
go to _.. and go for ... =>  son1.ething to eat I nothing to do l'tL => miIiII
[114] enough to/for... => I!III!J too ... to/for... => &II ,

,
-
53.1
........
.....
"'
......
.....
53.2
.......
.......
-
.......
......
-
...... 53.3
-.
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EXERCISES
UNIT
53
Write sentences beginning I went to ... . Choose from the boxes.
the :;tation
the cafe.
thl' post ot1-lce
the supennark.et
buy SOIllC food
ftite.h-a t-ra j-It
get sorne stanlps
Jlleet a f,"iend
1 .J ,..,t. ,.tQ..,., ,., ..tQ___.___..k,,....
2 I \,rellt ....... ........ .......... .......... .......,. ........"" .......", ________... ________..., ...___.__.,," .........'" ........... ........". ........". "____'_'" ..........., , ............. ........... ...___
,..,
) ..., .......,. ......", ..--..," ,......, ..-.-...". ......., , ........'" ........,'.. .......'", .........", .........",. .------.., ---------" ........., , ............ .........", ...----....,. .------....,. ........,.. .......
4 __.. ____... __ ____.... .____... __ ____ __. _______.... ______.,.. _____.,',.. ......."... ......"... .......'... ............. ........".. .......,.. ______..... _____....,. .............. ........" .............. _____....,.. .....,.
Finish the sentences. Choose from the box.
to open this door
to \;v.tt{.::-h-th-nev'is
to \\lake hiln lip
to rcad the llt'\VSpaper
to see \vho it \vas
to get S0l11C fresh air
1 ] turned on the television ,..W.......tb....t1:?.____
2 Alic L' sat d o\.vn in an an l1e ha i r ..___...." ............. ........... ..........." ........." ..__..__,.. .______..,' .......... ............ ............,. ..___......, .____._...........
J 1) 0 I Ileecl a key _______.. ______.... ______.. __ ________". ..___..,',.. ........,'.. ............ ............ ........,.. .......,.. .._____. __.. _____...... ............. ........." ...........,.. ______ ?
4 I "ven t fora \-va] k by th e ri vel' .____...., ________ __ _________..... ..____...... ........... .......,.... ......... ......_...... ._____.................. ............ .......... .....___.__.
5 I knocked on the door of l)avid's rOO1l1 __........_____._..._______...................................................._________...__................................
6 'I'hl' doorbel1 ran g . so 1 looked out of the \vindo\v .......______.'....._...........................................__.____....__......,................
... '
Use your own ideas to finish these sentences. Use to ... .
'11 \vent to the \)hop ......M......P.:...
2 1'111 very busv. I h a vcn't u:ot tirn c........... .............. ............ ............ ........,. ....__.... _______........ ........ ,.......... .......... ......____..,. ______......
.."., t..J
3 I I) b on.e-d. A 1111 ..., ......." .......", .......", ........" ..__.....".. .______... __________.., ....__.._..,. ............ .......... ........." ...____... ..____...." ............ ........... .........."..
4 I ' III g() in g () Ll t .. ......... .......... ........... ........... ........,.. ........".. ..__....., ____ ______..... .___...". ........" .............. .......,.. .____..., ....____....,.. ............. ............
:1 I 11(Jrr()\vet) S(> llle Ill()l} ey' --.,' .-----..,,' ..--....,',. .......'..' .............. ........"" ........" ........." ..____...., ...n._."'. ............ ........." .........., ....____...,' .n.
53.4 Put in to or for.
......
......
'"
'"'
......
.......
'"
53.5
'"'
'"
""
....
""
1 Paub v\/cnt to the shop ..... buy SOllIe bread.
2 \Ve \vent to a restaurant ............... have dinner.
3 Robert \vnlts to go to university............... study econonllCS.
4 rlu going to London .............., an illtervie\.v next \\leek.
S 1'111 going to LOIl<.lon ............... visit SOllIe friends of Illine.
6 Have YOLI got titHe .,...__.__..,.. a cup of coffee?
7 I got up late this Inorning. I didn't have tilne ............... \\rash.
8 .Everybody needs 1110ney ............... live.
9 The office is very srnan. T'hcre's space Oll]y ...._.......... a desk and chair.
'lOA: Excuse l11e. arc vou \laitinl! ............... use the P hone?
J' J -LJ
B: No, I'll} \vaiting ______.._______ sOl1}ehody.
Finish these sentences. Choose from:
John / phone it / to arrive you / tellll1e the fill'n / begin
1 I can't go out yet. 1'111 \vaiting ..r...gb.....ph9.__..
2 I sat do\vn in the ci n en1a and \vai ted ............................_____........___.., .,.......... ............ .......... ...........,..._____...............................
3 We caned all .1 III bu1an cc and \vaited ........... ............ ....__.......,..._____......._..... ....___..... ........... .................._..... ,__.___............,.. ......
4 '[)o you kllo\v \vhat to do?' 'No, fnl \vaiting ............_____......._........___...............................__..__.._____.........................'
(115]

UNIT
54
go to ...
go on ...
go for...
.
go -Ing
A go to ... (go to work / go to London / go to a concert ('tc.)
. What tillle do yon usually go to work?
. 1'111 going to France next ,veek.
. TonI didn't \V1l1t to go to the concert.
. 'Whcre's Ann?' 'She's gone to bed.'
. I went to the dentist last vveek.
go to sleep = start to skcp:
. I \vas very tired and went to sleep quickly.
go honle (without to)
. 1'111 going hotne no\v. (not 'goin to botue')
go to
 D
B
go on ...
go on
holiday
a trip
a tour
an excurSIon
a cnllSC
strike
. We're going on holiday next \\leek.
. Children often go on school trips.
. When \,ve \vere in Scotland, \\7C went on a lot of excursions
to different places.
. The \vorkel's have gone on strike. (= they are refusing to
\vork)
C go for ...
a \r..7alk
a run
. 'Where's Ann?' 'She's gone for a walk.'
· Do you go for a run every day?
. The sea looks nice. Let's go for a swim.
· We went for a drink after \vork yesterday.
. Shall \\7C go out for a meal? I kno\v a good restaurant.
. They've gone to Scotland for a holiday.
(We say 'on holiday' bitt 'for a holiday'.)
go (so11levvhere) for
d S\V1n 1
a drink
a tneal
a holiday
D
go + -ing
'\t/e use go + -ing for Inany sports (swi tnming / skiing ete.) and also shopping:
shopping 1'm going
S\Vinl11ung skUn9.
fishing
sailing
skiing
. .
JoggIng etc.
I go
he is going
\ve went
they have gone
she \vants to go
. Are you going shopping this afternoon?
. It's a nice (by. Lees go swinlnling. (Of Let's go for a S\Vinl.)
. H..ache1 has a s1nall boat and she often goes sailing.
. I went jogging before bn:..lkf:lst this lIlorning.
[11 (; I

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,.54.1
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"
54.2
'"
'"
"
"
"
"
,
'.
'"
'.54.3
'"
"
,
"'.
'"
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'"
'"
UNIT
EXERCISES
54
Put in t%n/for where necessary.
1 1'111 going .,.__ Fr.U1Ce next \.veek.
2 R.Jchc1 often goes ..=... sailing.
3 Sue \-VC:llt '.m_......__. Mexico last year.
4 Would vou like to g o ............... the cinCUla this evenip2:?
J '"' L}
5 Jack goes .....__.....,..jogging every (llorning.
6 rIn going out '.............. a \\ral. Do you \vant to cOBle?
7 1'111 tired because l \vent to a party last night and \vent ............... bed very late.
8 M1rtin is going _____...,...... holiday............... Italy next \veek.
9 T'he \veather \,vas \Varnl and the river \-vas clean, so \ve \vcnt ,.............. a sVv'irn.
10- There \vill be no buses next "veek because the bus drivers Jre going ..........,.... strike.
11 I need SOIne staillps, so 1'111 going ...'....m.... the post office.
12 It's late. [nUlst go ............... hOlllC no\:v.
13 Would VOll like to e:o ...,........,.. a tour of the city?
J L) J
14 Shall \ve go ont ............... a Ineal this evening?
15 Iv\y parents arc going ....____..,.... ,l cruise this Slllluner.
Use the pictures to complete the sentences. Use go/goes/going/went + -ing.
2 last Saturday 3 clIer"}' day 4 uext: month 5 later
6 }'csterday
RA CJ /I.T
L1NUA
SHEILA
PE rER
DIANE
C;EORGE
1 rtLChel has a boat. She often .9Q....9,.. .
2 Lasl Saturday 1 )ianc \i\lent ....'..m........._._.....mm........__m.....___m.......____........_ .
3 (eorge ...... ......... ...m.." ,...._.... ,..._..._...______.., ....____.... ,.__m.. every day.
4 Linda is g )'oint! on ho1idav next Illonth. She is ...............,........................................................,.... .
'-.' .J
5 Peter is g oing out later. I Ie has to .,........................................................................... .
.. ..
6 Sheila ......................................................___..........._......_. after \vork yesterday evening.
Use the words in the box to finish these sentences. Use t%n/for if necessary.
hOllle
a \valk
shopping
Portugal
sleep
skiing
holiday
ridin o '
b
ii-S-W-II'l-t
the bank
1 The sea looks nice. Let's g o _fpr......kr..... .
<..
') , [ A I ?' t N 1 , ,
"-' s n n at lonle. 0, s Ie s gone .....................................................,................ to get S0111e llloney.
3 ['Ill going ..,.___.............................................,...........,..,.. no\v. 1 have to huy sonle presents.
4 [\vas verv tired Jast 11 i g ht. 1 sat do\vn ill an arnlChair and \\rent ____._...m____........_m.......___.......m...................... .
J '-
5 I \\rasn't eniovin g the I Jartv, $0 [ \.velIl .....____.....,..................................................___.. earlv.
  L J- J
6 We live near the nl0l111taills. III \vinter \,ve go ...................................................................... every \veekend.
7 Richard has got a horse. He often goes ...................................................................... .
H The \-veather is nice. Shall \\7e go ...................................................................... in the park?
9 A: Are yon going ..___m..._.___...................................................... soon?
13: Yes, next 111onth. We're going ...................................................................... .
[117]

UNIT
55
A
B
c
o
get
get a Jetter / get a job ete. (get +- nOHn) = reccivc/buy/fetch/find:
you get it 
)'91.1 have it
; you don't have s0l11cthing
. 'Did you get tUy letter?' 'Yes, I got it yesterday.' (= receilJc)
. I 1ike your pullover. Where did you get it? (= buy)
. (on the phone) 'I-leBo, Ccln I speak to Ann, please?' 'One 1l101nent. I'll get her.' (= j(>fch)
. It's difficult to get a job at the lnOlnent. (= Jlnd)
also get a bus / a train / a taxi (= take a bus/train etc.):
. 'Did you conle here on foot?' 'N 0, I got the hus.'
get hungry / get cold / get tired etc. (get + a4jeclilJc) = becolne:
. you get hungry .
.yotl 'rc not hungry you are hungry
. If YOll don't eat, you get hungry.
. Drink your cofFee. ] t's getting cold.
. 1'111 sorry your 1110ther is ill. I hope she gets better soon.
. We got very wet because \ve didn't have an u111brella.
also get tnarried
get dressed (= put your clothes on)
get lost (= lose your \vay)
. Linda and Frank. are getting nlarried soon.
. 1 got up c;lnd got dressed quickly.
. We \rellt for J \.valk and got lost.
get to a place = arrive:
. I usually get to work before 8.30. (= arrilJf at 'work)
. We left London at 10 o'clock and got to Manchester
,1t 12.45.
. Hovv did you get here? By bus?
get home (without to):
. What tinlC did you get home last night?

,/
/
/
I
get in/ out/ on/ off
,[
get on get off
(a bus / a train / a plane)
. Kate got in the car and drove avv-ay. (Y(}U can also say: Kate got into the car...)
. A car stopped and a rnan got out. (but A 111an got out of the car.)
. We got on the bus outside the hotel and got off in Church Street.
get in (a car)
get out (of a car)
II 'I H I get to => I!miII:II inl out/ on! ofT => UNITS 103, 107 get up => UNIT 107 get on => APPENDIX 6

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UNIT
EXERCISES
55
Complete these sentences. Use gel(s) and choose from the box.
a l.1XI
YOlir jacket
Iny letter
3 good sa] ary
a doctor
the j 0 h
SOIlle 11lilk
a ticker
1 r VI/rote to you last ,.veek. [)-id you ,9...-H-...... ?
2 \Vhere did 'lOll ... .__.......__..........__....,____.....,.___........._____......._____....,............,___? It's very nice.
3 Quick! This tnan is ill. We IDust ...................,................__........._____......_____........................,..... .
4 I don't \\llI]t to \valk honle. Lees .........,............................................___..........__....._______......__.... .
5 I had an interview' \vith the 11l:tnager but I didn 't . .,.,.............................___................______........___....................... .
6 Wheu vou g o Ollt, call VOll .....______......____.......____...."..__.......,...........,...............................?
.J.... 
7 'Are you going to the concert?' 'Yes, if I can ______........................,........,...............,..........................._____..... .'
8 Margaret has got a \vell-paid job. She ..............____.......__.__.......______..'...m.......................,................. .
Complete these sentences. Use gelling + one of these words:
dark late cold ready married
1 ))rink vour coHee. It's ..9,9,..4!::.....

2 Turn on the light. I t's ..__.................__.........m.......................................................... _
3 'f' ITl ___.. .._____..._____....___.....______...______.. ..______., .._____... ....____.........__...., next vl/eek.' . 0 h, really? Congratula tion!'
Lf . WI ' S 11 ., . SI ' ,
t lere s L. a y L le s .....__..........__.....,.............____......,._____.___...._______.....___............... to go out.
5 It's ..,..___.....___......___...........,..___.......___.............................___...,..... . It's tillie to go horne.
Complete the sentences. Use get/gol + one of these words:
angry better hung ry lost tuarried nervous old wet
1 If YOU don't eat, you ---9.--.9rH.---.
, -
2 [)OB't go out in the rain. You'11 .._____.......______,.....___..........m___........................., ,..................... .
3 Iv!y brother ..........................,................................................................__ last year. Hi.s \vife's nanle is Julia.
4 Whv did you ._______.._____......___......______....___..........m.....'.._____........._._............ \vith IDe? J didn't do anvthin{! \-vron g .
  J  
5 . We tried to l1nd the hotel but \ve ...___.....________......_____.....________.....____.__....................,.................
6 Everybody \\rUlts to stay young but \ve all.._____........_______......_______....___.......m.........._............................., .
7 The beinnin of the filtH \vasn't very good but it ......__........____....._______....___..........___................................._____.., .
 ; . L-
R M ost people .....____.._______....______.. ...._____.......____................................__......... before ex:ullina t.ions.
Write sentences with Ilefl ... and got to ... .
1 h01.n<: / 7.30 --7 \\fork / 8. 15 ..!.....9...._1.9__4__g--...Qr......J.,
2 . London /10.15 --7 Bristol / t'I.45
I 1 eft Lo Jl d () 11 a t I O. 1 5 an d ... ._____...... ._____..... ...__....,.... ....___........ .......... ............ ......,.., .._____..... ..___.... .._____...... .._____...... ........... ..........
3 the party / 11.15  hOl11e / nudllight
4 Write a true sentence about yourself.
I I. eft ......', ....._..". .__...,". .......',. ...__...". ..____..,. .........'", ...._....,., .............. ............ .........". .._......, ..____..... ..________ ...____...." .______...,.. ........... .......... ...__
Put in got in I gol oul of I gol on I gol off.
1 Kate ..g9........ the car and drove ;l\vay.
2 I .........__......___..................__......__..........____ the bus <Ind \v(llked to 111Y house fi'Olll the bus stop.
3 Ann .............m.........__.....______...,__.__........___.__. the car, shut the door and \-vent into a shop.
4 I 11 ude .1 stupid 11listake. I _____...__________..________......._____.........__........._. the \vrong train.
111. 9]

UNIT
56
do and make
A
Do is a general \vord for actions:
· What arc you doing this evening? (not 'What are you 111aking?')
· 'Shall I open the \vindo\v?' 'No, it's OK. I'll do it.'
· J uli..'s J . ob is very boring. She does the san1C thing every day.
,J Ll .......1 J J
· I did a lot of thi ngs yesterday.
What do you do? = What's your job?:
· 'What do you do?' 'I \vork in a bank.'
B Make = produce/create. for eXl1nple:
D7
She's making coffee. lie has made a cake. They luake luubrellas. It \vas Inade in France.
Cornpare do and n-.akc:
· I did a lot of things yesterday. I cleaned THY r00I11, I wrote sorne letters and I made d
cake.
· A: What do YOLI do in your free tintc? Sport? H..eading? Hobbies?
B: 11nake clothes. [ ulake dresses and jackets. I also 11.1ake toys for children.
C Expressions vvith do
do
an cxan1 (cxalnination) / a test
a course
hOllle\\'ork
(so[uebody) a flvour
exernses
house\,vork
· 1'111 doing rny driving test next \veck.
· John has just done a training course.
· Have the children done their homework?
· Ann, could you do Ine a favour?
· I go for a run and do exercises every ulorning.
· I hate doing housework, cspeci.llly cleaning.
a/so do the shopping / the washing / the washing-up / the ironing / the cooking ctc.:
· J did the washing but I didn't do the shopping.
D Expressions \vith luake
a n1 ist.lke
.111 appOllltlnent
a phone call
a lis t
a nOIse
a bed-
· rill sorry, I luade a luistake.
· I Blust tnake an appointment to see the doctor.
· Excuse J.nc, I have to make a phone call.
· Have you made a shopping list?
· It's late. We lllustn't make a noise.
· SOlnetilnes 1 forget to Inake l1.1.y bed in the [Horning.
rnake
We say make a film but take a photograph:
· When \vas this film tnade? but When \\'as this photograph taken?
[120]
h,)/d()es/did (nt:gJ.rives and questions) => UNITS 42.43 nlake somebody do something ==> . m:IiIfJ

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EXERCISES
UNIT
56
Put in make/making/made or do/doing/did/done.
1 'Shall 1 OpCll the \\!indovr?, 'No, it's ()!Z. I'll ....., it.'
2 What did VOlt ...........,.....__................... at the \veekend? L)id ) '0U g o l\:vav?
J  .
3 ])0 YOll knovv' ho\v to ...................................... bread?
4 Paper is ....................................., frOI11. \-vood.
S R.ichard didn't help 1l1C. He sat in an lnnchair and __.......m.......................... noth i.ng.
( ' WI I ?' ' I '. J '
) lat (0 you ___....______..._.___...,...__......,.. III a uoctor.
7 1 asked Vall to dean the bathroOlll. Have VOll ...................................... it?
. J
B 'What do thev ...................................... in that E1Ctorv?' 'Shoes.'
J J
9 1'111 ...................................... SOlllC coflle. Would you like SOllle?
10 Why are you an g rv \vith Ine? I didn't _____...__._____.....___.____..,...___ an } ,thin g r \'Ton g .
" .. L , ...... '-
11 ' WI ' ,&, ?'. I . k ..
, lat are you .....___....._______,.._______......__ tcnnornnv l1ter1100n. 'HI \,vor lllg:
What are these people doing?
? D
L.. rjq_
1 
(  .,,  .-.. j
{. {;/
 =-J-J
a
o  
o ....
1 ...H....9.....,....
2 Tl1 e\r .._.____.... ______".. ____..., ..____.... .......",. .........,.. .......". ........""...
J
3 He, ._____..., .......",. .......". ......,... ......... ............. ........... ............ ......
4
5
6
7 .____...",. ._......,. ......."" ........,'... ........... ............ ............ ........,'.. __.....
S
9
10
11
12
Put in make or do in the correct form.
1 I hate ..4q9...... hOUSC\\TOrk, especially cleaning.
2 Whv do vou ahvJ ) rs ........___......___..........._...... the SaIl1e Inistctke?
J J
3 'Can you ..........__....,...__........_____... llle a favour?' 'It depends \vhat it is.'
4 'll.:lvL'" you _........._.__......___......._____... your hOll1.t'\vork?' 'Not vet.'
. . ,
5 I need to see the dentist but I haven't ...................................... an appointlllent.
6 rill ____.................................. a course in photography at th<: 1110111cnt. It's .very good.
7 The last lirue I ...................................... an ex:un vvas ten years ago.
g \Vhen you've finished Excrcise 1, you can .....m........................___.., Excrcise 2.
9 There's S0111ething \vrong \i\i'ith the car. The engine is .....m.....'..___.....,............. a strange noise.
10 It ,vas a bad 11list.:lke. Jt \vas the vvorst ] nistake I've ever ...m................................ .
11 Let's ..................,................... J list of all the thinLTS \ve have to m................................... today.
J ,
[121]

UNIT
57
A
have
have and have got (==> Unit 9)
I've got (sornething) or I have (soIllething) = it is nune:
· I've got a ne\v car. or I .have a ne\\7 car.
· Sue has got long h.1ir. or Suc has long hair.
· Have they got any children? or Do they have an)' chi1drell?
· Tin1 hasn't got a job. or Tinl doesn't have a job.
· H()\-\" lBuch tiIne have you got? or 1-1.0\\7 lunch tinle do you have?
also
I've got }
I have
a hC.-H.bche / (a) toothache /.1 stoluach ache / a Pdin (in rny leg ele.)
a cold I a cough / a sore throat / a teulperJ.ture / flu ele.
· I. 've got a headache. or I have a headache.
· Have you got a cold? or Do you have a cold?
The past is: I had (lpitlwut 'got') / I didn't have / Did you have? ele.:
· When I first 111ct Sue, she had short hair.
· lIe didn't have any luoney because he didn't have a job.
· I-k)\v llluch tilne did you have?
B . have breakfast / have a shower ctc.
c
[122]
In these expressions have = cat/drink/take ete. Y{)u cannot use 'have got'.
have
breakfast / lunch / dinner
a [neal / a SdlH.hvich / a pizz.a etc.
 cup of cofl:ee / a glass of Inilk etc.
sOIllething to eatl drink
· 'Where's Ann?' 'She's having IUllch.'
· I don't usual1y have breakfast.
· I had three cups of coffee this 111orning.
· 'Have a biscuit!' 'Oh, thank you:
We also use have (not 'have got') in these expressions:
a bath / a sho\\fer
J. rest / a holiday / a party
a nice tin1C / a good journey ele.
have a \valk / a S\Vinl / a ganle (of tennis elL)
a drealll / an accident
a baby
alook(at...)
· I had a sho\ver this 11lorning.
· We're having cl party next \veck.You
l1lust conle.
· Enjoy your holiday. Have a nice tirHe!
· Did you have a good tinlC in London?
· Sandra has jl1t had a baby.
· C.an I have a look at your nevv'spaper?
C0111pare I've got and I have:
· I've got / I have a ne\v sho\.over. It's very good.
(You can use I've got or I have in fliis sentence.)
· I have a sho\-ver every LHorning. (Hot 'I've got')
· A: Where's Paul?
B: He's having a ShO\\7er. (= he's \.vahing nO\\7)
I have I I've got => I!DJ I've (done) (pre'lcnt perfect) => UNITS 15-18 . I have to . - - => I!iIII

"
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EXERCISES
" 57.1
Put in the correct form of have or have got.
1 J..t..I:1y..... time to (k: the sho1Tiug yesterday.
2 'H......9P...{Q..P....,.hY.----... a car?' 'N 0, she can't drive.'
3 He can't open the door. ..__.........__........_____....________....________....._____ a key.
4 .....,....................,..............___...,.._.._....,__. a cold last \veek. He's better nO\\7.
J What's \\'Tong? .______.......___......._......,.........,..........,......... a headache?
6 We wanted to go by taxi but \VC ..................................,...._._........._.....,.. cnough nlune-y_
7 Liz is very busy. ........................._...,....__......._____...,...______. 1l1uch free titHe.
S ..............................,.......,..___...,..___...._____ allY problelllS \vhen you \vere on holiday?
"
"
'. 57.2 What are these people doing? Choose from the list:
a rest a cup of tea a bath breakfast
dinner
a nice titne
"
10
"
,
\
1 .,fr,...Y9....f.t-':.....
2 S h l' ......,.. ..... .......... .---." ...____.., ------.... .----.'" - ......"".. ........... ....
3 [-I c ______.. ..____" ......" ......., .......... ......... .......,.' .........,.. ......",.. ......
UNIT
57
(I / not / hJve)
(Lisa / helve?)
(he / not / havc)
(George / have)
(you / have?)
(\VC / not / have)
(she / not / have)
(YOll / have?)
6
l ('
4 T 11 ey ...",. .._...".. .._....". .._____..,. u__....." __________,... .._____..,. .._____........
5 ......,... ......."............ ........... .......", .._......".. .._.._....,. ........".. ...___...,....
c) ....",. u______." ...__._." u.......,. ._.._....,.. __.._.."'. .........'" .........'.. ................
57.3 What do you say in these situations?
Ann is going 011 holiday. What do YOll say to her before she goes?
,Hy________b,q.!."...
You llleet Cbire at the airpnrt. She has just got offher pL1ne. Ask hcr about thc flight.
.P..!J., .hy...., ,99.94...b..---
TOlll is going on a long-journey. What do you say to hinl before he leaves?
"
2
3
4
"
5
'.
6
It's M,onday rllorning. You arc at "\\o'ork. Ask Paula about her \veekend.
Paul has just COine hOlHe after playing tennis \\lith a fi..iend. A,sk hinl about the gaBle.
R"tehel is going out t<)r a nleal tonight. What do you say to hcr hcf()rc she goes?
"
\, 57.4 Complete the sentences. Use have/had and choose from the list.
all accident a glass of water a look a walk a party sonlething to eat
1 We ...0:4....p.----- a fe\v \veeks ago. We invited fifty people.
\ 2 'ShJll \ve ..._._......_____.. ..____.......................... ........................ ..................?' 'No, r nl not hungry.'
3 I \vas thirsty, so I ........_......,.......................................................................,..... .
,
4 I like to get up early and ................................................,............................................ bcfi)rc breakfast.
5 I'ina is a verv [[ood driver. She has never ............................................................................................. .
, ,
'" ] ' ] ' I . . } } ' f T" -
() lCIT S SOlllet ling ,"vrong \\lIt 1 t lC engInc 0 IllY car. ,-_,an you ..............................,.........,...................at It!'
[ 123]

UNIT
58
I/me
he/him
they/them etc.
A People
f'.......'\ .
;/i,.!., -
, ..J£..:-
" L -= ';, . -
I __ ', 1. "
sllljc({
oljc({
I
we
us
you
you
he
hinl
she
her
they
thenl
me
we
I kno\\i An 11.
We kno\.v Ann.
You kno\\l Ann.
He knO\\lS Ann.
She kno\\is Anll.
They kno\v Ann.
Ann knows Ine.
Ann kno\\'s us.
Ann knuws you.
Aun kno\vs him.
Ann kuo\vs her.
Ann knovils thel11.
oljt'([
nle
us
you
hitn
her
th en1
sulic(t
I
you
he
she
they
B Tltil1l:S
SUbjft{
(l1iect
it
it
they
thet11
. [ don't \.rant this book. You can have it.
. I don't \vant these books. You can have then'!.
. Diane never drinks nlilk. She doesn't like it.
. I never go to parties. I don't like thetn.
e We use nle/her/thm tIC. (£)jcct) after a preposition (for/to/with etc.):
. This letter isn't for n1.e. It's for you.
. Who is that \vornan? Why arc you looking at her?
. We're going to the cinenla. Do yOll \'v'ant to conle with us?
. Sue and. Kevin .ne going to the cinenla. Do YOll \VUlt to go with thetn?
. 'Whcre's the ne\vspaper?' 'You're sitting on it.'
give it/them to ... :
. r vvant that book. Please give it to nle.
. Robert \.vants these books. Can you give thenl to hitn, please?
11 2 4 J
n1y/his/their ete. =:} mil Givc 111C that hook I Givc it to l11e => .:EJ

.....
"" 58.1
......
""
.....,
......
58.2
......
.......
......
.........
......
......
58.3
......
.....
......
.....
EXERCISES
UNIT
58
Finish the sentences with him/her/them.
1. ] don't kno\v those g irls. Do you kno\.v ....... ?
 J
2 r don't kno\v that l11.an. f)o you k.no\v _..................................... ?
3 r dOll't lalO\V those people. ])0 Y0tl kno\:v ..............................,....... ?
4 I don't kIlO\\' l)avid's \/ife. 1)0 yotl kno\\T ............................,........, ?
5 r don't kno\v Mr Stevens. J)o you kno\v ...---.......-----......--------.:,--- ?
6 I don't know Sarah's parents. f)o you kno\v ...................................... ?
7 I don't kno\v the \V0111an w'ith the black coat. ])0 you knov\-' m........._.................,..._... ?
Complete the sentences. Use I/me/you/she/her etc.
1 I vvant to see her hut __...., doesn't \:vant to see ..., .
I I I I
2 They \:vant to see Ine but ...................................... don't \v:.tnt to see m........______......____.......____ .
3 She \V1Jl ts to see hitn bu t ............ .......................... doesn't \,\iant to see ---... ...--..........--......-----.... .
4 We \vant to see then"'} but ....................................._ don't 'want to see -..........--......................... .
5 He \,vants to see us but .........____...._________...__..__... don't \VUlt to see ...................................... .
6 rrhey \.\lult to see her hut ___.....___........................... doesn't \vant to see ...............--........--..--......- .
7 I \VUlt to see then1 but ...............................,...... don't \Vlllt to see ....-----....,...--.........--........ .
8 You \vant to see her but ...................................... doesn't \,vant to see ............,........................, .
Write sentences beginning I like ... , I don't like... or Do you like... ?
1 I don't cat torl1atoes. ....I....).t=-..Uk.,tn.......
2 C;eorge is a very nice lHan. I like ....------......-----...............,......................... .
3 This jacket isn't vcry nice. I don't .............................................................. .
4 This is tllY ne\.v car. 1)0 .........................................m.........____...., ?
5 Mrs Clark is not very fi-icndlv. ] ,....--........------........-................................ .
, I
(, These art> IHY nC\N shoes. ....----......................................................?
58.4 Complete the sentences. Use I/me/he/him etc.
......
......
......
""
......
""
"" 58,,5
......
......
""
.....
......
1 Who is that \VOIUJn? Why afe you looking )t __h__. ?
2 'f)o you k110\V that 1,J1.Jn?' 'Yes,] \.vork \vith ___..........................., .'
3 Where are the- tickets? 1 can't find __............................. .
4 I can't find Iny keys. Where are ............................... ?
5 We're going out. You can corllC \\7ith .....___........_.__........___ .
6 Margaret likes 11lusic. ....._____........___.......... plays the piano.
7 I don't like dogs. 1'111 afi'aid of ............................... .
8 I'Ul talking to you. Please listen to .........................m_.. .
9 Where is Ann? I \\rant to talk to ..........,...----........_____ .
1. 0 M v brother has a ne\l J . ob. ,.....................___....__ doesn't like ............................... very IllllCh.
J  ,
Complete the sentences.
1 [w'ant that book. Can you -9---........ ?
2 He \vants the key. Cln you give ...............................................................................,............. ?
3 She Vi/ants the keys. Can you ..........................................---.........--........-----.......--.-......----.., ?
4 I \\7ant that letter. Can you ......................................,...------.....--.-----.....--............-..........-. ?
5 They \vant the Inoney. Can you ....._m_......._____.....,..___............................................................ ?
6 We \lHlt the photographs. C:an you ....------................................................................................... ?
[125'1

UNIT
59
A
B
c
my/his/their etc.
r;at J
-1...-
"'"
I -7 IllY I like IllY job.
\,ve -7 our We like our jobs.
liOU -7 your You like your job.
he ---7 his He likes his job.
she ---7 her She likes her job.
they ---7 their They like their jobs.
it -7 its Oxford (= it) is £unous for its university.
We use my/your/his elf. + a 110un:
IllY hands his Illother
our house your best friend
his/her/their
"'
/- '/>'-'i': her car
" / ' (= Diane's car)
her husband
(= ])iane's
husband)
her lle\V car
their rOOlll
 ANIJ\
. -I...j-

his bicycle
,.
, .
..
.
.
 J
, (10) "II.
I ' ''''"''''''.
.::......
........
- ....-.....
I !" .;;. .....
..0- ".
f' 'fit
- .
her children
(= ])ianc's
children)
his sister
its and it's
its
it's (= it is)
his parents
Oxford is fanlous for its university.
I like Oxford. It's a nice city. (= It is a nice city.)
[126] tlline/yours ete. =>  Iltneltny/rnine => I!mI:I!iI
!VIR AND !VIRS THO!\l1S0N
their son
their daughter
their children

'"
'"
"'.
" 59.1
......
....
EXERCISES
Finish these sentences.
1 ['Ill going to \vash ...r.t.'I.9...4.:m
2 She's goi.ng to \\7ash ........mm..'...___......______......__.___.....__
3 We're going to \vash ......mm......___...'...___.__.,..______....___.
59.2 Finish these sentences.
...
'"
'"
59.3
'"
'"
"'"
'"
"'"
-.., 59.4
"'"
"'"
-..
"'"
"
'"
59.5
'"'
1 I-k ...y,..,..b___1?.=.___
2 T'hey Jive with ..m......................................... parents.
3 We. _______" ..__..'" ........ ......... .......... .....,.... .......'" ....... 11arcllts.
4 Julia lives ... ......... ........ ...---.... ,---....., ....-......-.------.. ---.---...., ......
UNIT
59
4 He's going to \.vash ___...________....________.,....______....,.___......,
5 They're going to \vash __....,.._____......._________.,....____._...
6 Are YOLI going to \\rash ..,....___....,...________....____....... ?
5 I .... .......,.. ........... ............ .......... .......... ............. ...... parellts.
() J () 1111 ...' ........" ........., , ..........', ........,... ............ .......... ........... .....
7 1)0 you live _....,_______.....___..__.,....__......______........___........___ ?
H Most children ..,. ..m....' ,........,. ...____... '.._m__... ,_.____..... ._..__
Look at the family tree and complete the senten ces with his/her/their.
I r aw Liz \.vith __tJ.___.. husband, Philip.
2 r sa\-v AnIl and Ted \vith __.....,.._____ children.
3 I snv Ted \virh ............... \vife, Ann.
4 I sa\v George \vith .............., brother, Bill.
5 I Scl\V Anu vv'ith ......___m... brother, Bill.
6 r Sl\.V Liz and Philip \vith ___....________ SOIl, Bill.
7 [sa\l Ann \vith ............... parents.
8 [sa\v 1 )iana and Itobert \-vith ............... parents.
 liz, PI1ilij> 
   Arm=TeJ. G'
W \::J W I \Y
GM  I I
OA\. 
. t1! )
DUullL Robert
Put in my/our/your/his/her/their/its.
1 Do YOLI like ..H,r... job?
2 I knc)\v M r Watson but I dOll't kno\v .___................... "vife.
3 IVlr and Mrs Baker live in Lonnon. ..................___.. SOl] lives in Australia.
4 We're going to havc a p.lrty. 'We're going to invite all ...___.......__....,... friends.
5 Ann is going out \.\lith ______.....______...... Ii-iends this evening.
6 I like tennis. It's ......__...,...___..... t.lvollrite sport.
7 'Is th<.lt ______.,.._.__...,..... car?' 'No, I haven't got a Cl1-:
8 r \\lUlt to phone Ann. Do you kno\v ._...,....___.__.....__ phonc nUIllber?
9 J)o YOll think 1110st people are happy in ........m............jobs?
lO I 'nl going to \ivash ...m................. hair before I go out.
11 This is a beautiful trce. ....................... leaves are a beautiful colour.
'12 John has a brother .uHI a sister. _____.....______..,.... brother is 25 and _......._.._.........__ sister is 21.
Complete the sentences. Use my/his/their etc. with one of these words:
coat hOlllcwork house husband jab key
name
'"' 1 Jilll doesn't enjoy ..J9....... . It's not very interesting.
2 I CJIl't open the door. I haven't got ...................................................................... .
'" 3 Sany is'lnarried. .,....___............................................................. \vorks in a bank.
4 It's very cold today. Put on ............___m.'.....___......____._.....,....___.........______.. \.vhen you go out.
'" 5 'What are the childrcn doing?' 'They're doing ___....,....___...................___........___....................._ .'
() 'L)o you kno\v th.lt Blan?' 'Yes, but I don't kno\v ..................................................................___. .'
"'" 7 We live in Barton Street. ...___........___..................................................... is at the end on the left.
....
.....
[127)

UNIT
60


A


B


c


D


f1281


,-...,


--...


Whose is this?


It's mine/yours/hers etc.


--..,



yJ
J
(C 14 'b \) r;;;:':-.. :: ),.:.
,-L'

 -1 t
 ""
_
I.

"-

 '/ =:.t/. ,
-J,. <. )! . /1, ,
I1i ...;'..,.
@L
.

£;Y(iE'

 .',
u

 ,jf(
'1 ;rCf
J...: ..':
::' :.',...'(. (...,.., :...:::;'!;:.:....{.,' J
fl..:: \.')I
lt). ...'.,..' \1..: -'. :' . ./'i:.' '" '. .: .::.', l


--....






-..


---....


-----


--....


I
 ---7 . It's It's .
IllY nune n1.Y 111oney. mIne.
\ve
 our ---7 ours It's our 111oney. It's ours.
you
 your ---7 yours It's your 11l0ney. It's yours.
he ---7 his ---7 his It's his Blaney. It's his.
she ---7 her ---7 hers It's her lnoney. It's hers.
thev ---7 their ---7 theirs It's their Jll0nev. It's theirs.

 ,


-..






--....


-.


We use my/your elf. + a noun (my hands / your book cle.):
· My hands Jre cold_
· Is this your book?
· Ann gave rHe her luubreUa.
.....
· It's their problelTI, not our problem.
We LIse Inine/yours etc. without a '101m:
· Is this book trune or yours? (= IllY book or your book)
. I didn't have an lunbrella, so Ann gave 111e hers. (= her unl.brella)
· It's their prob1c111, not ours. (= not our problern)
. We \\rent in our car and they \vent in theirs. (= their car)
You can use his with or without a HOWl:
· 'Is this his can1.era or hers?' 'It's his.'


........


............


--....


--


-----..


..........


a fi-iend of mine / a friend of his / sonle friends of yours ctc.
· J \vent out to J11ect a fi'iend of mine. (not 'a friend of nu")
· lbnl \,vas \",lith a friend of his. (not 'a friend of binl')
· Are those people:- friends of yours? (not 'fi-icnds of you')


,......."


...-...


Whose ... ?
· Whose book is this? (= Is it your book? his book? rny book? ele.)


---.


Yon can use whose l-tlith or without a noun:
· Whose money is this?
Whose is this?
. Whose shoes arc these?
Whose are these?


..--...


--


} It's ll1ine.
}


,.--..,.


....--...


They're John's.


?


l11y/his/their de. =:> I!l:IEI:IJ I/Jl1e/Jl1y/llline ==> I!miIII Ann's caluera I n'lY brother's car ==>



.--...




.....
...
...
.. 60.1
.....
...
, 60.2
'"
.....
....
'"
.....
60.3
...
....,
.....
....
..... 60A
.....
.....
.....
....
....
.....
'"
.....
.....
'"
'"
....
EXERCISES
UNIT
60
Finish the sentences with mine/yours etc.
1 It's your llloney. It's ..HQr..:..
2 It's Iny Lug. It's .............,.. .....-.-....---..... ........... ........' .......-.-
3 It's our car. It's ......................--...,-----...........................------
4 They're her shoes. They're .................................-----
5 I t's their house. It's .______.... ...____...... ,..no..... ............ ......,
6 They're your books. They're ............................--.
7 They're illY glasses. They're ..............,...................
8 It's his coat. It's ...............................................,......--.......
Choose the right word.
1 It's thcir/-tte-irs- prob1elll, not -e-H-F/ ours . their and ours are right
2 This is a nice canlera. Is it your/yours ?
3 That's not I11V/nline lunbrclla. My/Mine is h1ack.
4 Whose books are these? Your/Yours or Illy!tnine ?
5 C:athcrinc is going out \,vith her/hers friends this evening.
6 My/Mine rOOIll is bigger than her/hers .
7 They've got t\VO chi1dren but 1. don't kno\v their/theirs 113.Illes.
8 Can \\it' use your \vashing tuachinc? Ol1r/()ur is broken.
Finish these sentences. Use friend(s) of mine/yours etc.
1 I \\rent to the cillelna \\lith a __fr.4..Qf..,-:----
2 They \:vent 011 holiday \virh SOlne ...:f!4...__.....
3 She's going out \\lith a friend . .........,..................---oo--............................------.....----.......................
4 We had dinner \\li th SOllle ......... ................_____... ....on..... ............ .....-.-... ..---oo.....--........ .......... ........
5 I played tenn is \:vi th a -... ..--.... .......... ..-----oo... --------,.. ............. ........... ------oo... .--oo--.... ........... ........... ......
6 ,. ] " . . t t
()Ill IS gOl n g () Illee a . ........ ..--oo...., ----oo...,.. ............ ...--.--." ,-oooo-.-".. ...--.... ............ ........', ,--oo--... ,.-oo-
7 Do you kno\v those peop1c? Are they ...........------......--......................--....,-----.oo..--------....-- ?
Look at the pictures. What are the people saying?
3
2
. 1 '-
........................... IS t liS!'
4
,....___._...__............. these?
I
............. . . -.... - -... . . -.. - - - -..... . . ............. ..
I
\
\
,
5
("" "".""''''''''' 7 6
it
1:r!tp 'cf' ____
f '. 
, ' ..... 
-  ;;".
" - r,'.
.."r r ;/
?
---.... ............. ............. ........... .

l129J

UNIT
61
lime/my/mine
t c.o...n see
J1im blAt J1e. can't t
see me..
I cle.
(==> Unit 58)
lne ele.
(==> Lfnit 58)
iny Nr.
(==> Unit 59)
nune de.
(==> Unit ()O)
I kno\v'loln.
'rOJn kno\:vs .-ne.
It's Iny car.
I , .
t s nl1ne.
 rl\  ._
II ..... . .....
$' ().



We know Torn.
Torn kllo\\.'s us.
[t's our ca r.
It's ours.
You knovv Tonl.
Ton1 kn O\VS you.
It's your car.
It's yours.
He kno\vs Tonl.
TOlll kno\vs hint.
It's his car.
I fs his.
She kno\lyTs TOlD.
TOln kno\vs her.
It's her car.
] t's hers.
They knov\/ Tonl.
Torn kno\,vs thenl.
It's their car.
It's theirs.
. '110 you kI10\V that Illan?" 'Yes, I kIlo\.\! hitn but I Llll't relllCJllber his natne.'
. She \vas very p]eased because we invited her to stay \vith us at our house.
. A.: Where are the children? l-lavc you seen thern?
11: Yes, they are playing ,.\lith their friends in the park.
. That's Iny pen. Can YOll give it to Ine, please?
. 'Is this your tnnbrella?' 'No, it's yours.'
. He didn't have an ulubrella, so she g;1ve hin1 hers. (= she gave her lU11brclla to hitu)
. 1'111 [ueeting a fi-iend of l11ine this evening. (rwt "a friend of tne')
l130 I n1yself/yourself de. :::::} ED Give nle that book / Give it to l11e => I!D1:J

"
...
"
61.1
...
...
...
...
....
'.
,
...
"\
" &1.2
,
...
'.
... &1.3
....
".
...
...
" 61.4
"
,
,
....
...
...
EXERCISES
UNIT
61
Answer the questions in the same way.
1
Do you kno\v  1

\ \. 
 iJ 'F) Do yoUlaJOVll that man?
e.  ·
A. l) a
/\'\ 

---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------
Yes, I ._Q...r..__...I.,..)....r.....hiR..
t'1GUY1 e .
Yes, I kllo\,v __.,.....__......,...._........_____...,....__ but] can't
ren leUI ber ....,.. ...____.... .______..,.. ..___...... .______.... ..______..,....___... .
3
4
Do YOll
k110\V those
people?
Yes, I ..___.........................,..................... bllt I .....______.....,.___.
_ _.. . , . _ _., , , , ....., , , . ..... . . . . ..... , , , . ...., , , , .. _ _.. . , , .. _ _ _., . , . .. _ _ _.. , , , ,.... 11a III es .
Ye:'S. I ........,',......,',.....................".. l1l1t ......,,"'......"'......_.
Finish these sentences in the same way.
1 We invited her _..............QrJ!.....
2 He invited us to stay \\lith .............__......._____......_____.......___.__......___.. house.
3 They invited 111e to st,l)' vvith .............................................................. house.
4 [invi ted t h enl .______.., ..__...'" ........,.. .......... ............ .......'" .........'". ._m..."'. ..---.." ..-----."" .-----..",.. ..---.'" ..------.
5 Sll e ill vited us...,. .......". ...--..,.. ..----.." ...---.."'. .......",. ......."" ........,... ............ ........., ............ ........,., ..............
6 l) i d )Fl1 11 i Jl\ri te Ililll "..__....,.. ........,.. ........... ........... ............ ........,.. ........., .....-..." ..........', ........." ..........,.. ......"" .... ?
Complete the sentences in the same way.
1 I gJVC hinl ....,H......4...,90--:Y...!I'_........
2 I g ave:' her ............... address and she (raVe Hle ...........................................................
. . 
3 He e:ave ruc ..__.....______ address and I g a\7e .............,............,..........,........."....................
 L
4 We gave theln ............... Jddress Jnd they gave ......-----.......------.......---........--.....,...--
5 She gave hilll ...__.......... ,lddress and .......--......,................................................................
6 YOll gave us __.....______.. address and ............................,.......................................................
7 They gave you ......__.__..., address and ........__......____..........___......_____.....,...__...........__..........
Put in him/her/yours etc.
1 Where's Ann? Have you seen .h.. ?
2 Where are 11ry keys? Where did I put ....................... ?
3 This letter is for Bill. CellI YOll give it to ....................... ?
4 We ,\vrote to John but. he didn't JllS\Ver .......m...........-_. letter.
- ' I ' £".. d C I ;';' ',1: f '
:J can t lln Iny pen. . an use ...m..........___.... . les, 0 course.
6 We're going to the CinCll1.a. Why don't you COBle vv'ith ..,..................., ?
7 Did your sister pass ..........______.....__ exaillS?
8 SOllle people talk about ...___........___...... jobs all the tinlC.
9 Last nigb t I \-vent out for a lneal \vith a friend of ....................... .
[131J

UNIT
62
myself/yourself/themselves etc.
A
I k's looking at hin1.self
H e!p !jOlA. rs eL f!) :' '"
rt  ? .   -;
.',("'. ",.  J.. Jill
.  .'. . I. . L.;.. ""
:", rt.rJ. 1 ,: " ;:; ,.'.,. . ' - . .
.  L) '.ft;\_ '". . .: \J.... j.
t:;;,,, : i' '\ ..... I.. u-.......  ! '  ) '
k...., ', "'"i  ""'IV .t:
.:: 
:"..
' .._.:; .j""
... - .'..........
-
-
Help yourself!
'They're enjoying thenlselves.
I  Ine  luyself
he  hitu  hitnself
she  her  herself
 you r yoursclf
\lOll  l yourselvcs

\,\:'l' ----t us  ourselves
thev  thetu  themselves
,
B <-onlpare:
· I looked at n1.ysclf in the llljrror.
· He cut himsclf \ivirh a knife.
· She feU off her bike but she didn't hurt herself
· Please belp yourself (one person)
· Please help yourselves. (llUO or more people)
· We had l good holiday. We eljoyed ourselvcs.
· They had a nice tinle. They enjoyed thetuselves.
Ine/him/thetll eft.
j l  -: She is looking at hin1
 L d!tlerl'/lt PI'Ople --.J
. Y<)11 never talk to U1.C.
. I didn't pay fin" thenl.
. Did [ hurt you?
luyself/hitllself/ themselves fIr.
rk
,,:'i iA '
._HI.! f.. l,.'ii....
,.u., 11 ..:. Ii. miii
i i.ii {. ii .. i .Jii' ii
.-. .. -.. ...... .... ...
.r r ,I It l: II a r .t i ii
,.. '.-j'''-.' -... -
& !  .. !r :: : :.!


He is 100king at ,. hin1self
L tlu.' same pnJon -----.l
· SOlnctinles I taJk to luyself
· They paid f(}r thcluselves.
· Be careful. Don't hurt yoursel£
C by tnyself / by yourself ele. = £110n<..':
. I \vent 011 holiday by tllyselC (= 1 \-vent alone)
. 'Was she \vith friends?' 'No, she \vas by herself'
o each other
. Jill and Ann arc good tJ.-iends. They kno\v each other ,:veIl.
(= Jil1 kno\vs Ann / Ann knO\\lS Jill)
. Paul and] live near each other. (= he lives near IHe / I live near hiIU)
COlllpare each other and -selves:
s rEVE
. Steve and Sue looked Jt each other.
(= he looked at her / she looked at hil11)
[132]
· Steve Jnd Sue looked at thetllselves.
(= he looked at hiulSelf / she looked t herself)

....
...
...
62.1
"
....
..
...
... 62.2
....
'"
.....
62.3
.....
.....
...,
....,
....
....
....
....
..
....
62.4
"
.....
....
....,
'"
...
....
EXERCISES
UNIT
62
Finish the sentences with myself/yourself etc.
1 He looked at ..,.f... in the Inirror.
2 rID ll?t angry \vith you. 1'111 angry \\7ith .........,..-------....--------..,.-----...... .
3 Margdret had a nice tnle in London. She enjoyed ..----...,.................................... .
4 My triends had a nice tinle in London. They enjoyed .............................................. .
5 I picked up a very hot plate and burnt ...-.......------..........-.................. .
() He never thinks about other people. He only thinks about ..,.-----....-------......------........----.. .
7 I \\Tant to kuovv lllore about you. Telllne about ..........--__....______...,...____........._. . (one person)
8 Goodbye! Have a nice holiday and look ,tfter ....._____....,.___...........................! (two people)
Write sentences with by myself I by yourself etc.
1 I \vent on holiday alone. ...L..g....--.!1...Hf.;...
2 When I sa\v hiln, he \vas alone. When [ sa\v hill}, he .......................................,.....................----..............------....,
3 I )0 n't go 0 U t al 0 n c. J )0 n't .. ..------.... ,.------.... ............ .......... .....,.... ........... ..--........ ..-----..... ,.------... ..----.... ...---.....
4 ] \vent to the cin Cl11a alone. [ .....---.-.... ,.-----.... ............ ........... ........... ,.......... ,....-.......----.--..--.------... ....---.... ,......... ....---...,
5 My sister lives alone. My sister ...... ........,... .............____....,..____..... 'n....... .....--............................ .....................
6 Many people live alone. Many people ... .........,.------.......---...........................................................,...........,.....
Write sentences with each other.
1
2 II' 'l\\IHt
.,. 
Tile)' .." ....--..., , ...___...." ........... ..............
- -",.....;--
6 \f g o.-ve l1u . pe  ':.:',
;,.
I go.,ve u ;.'," -=:,':"
0., present. :.... ...,. .. .
. .. ..:::;L::::; ,
... ..,;. .:::::f;;:,".:!=;;
, ',:!:!::u..;.: ;
, . , . ..... '.......
- .. - - - _'0- _':'_ I
..............-----......................................------.............. .................................---.............................................
.....-----......................................---.........-............... .....................-----...................................................
Complete the sentences. Use: each other or ourselves/yourselves/themselves or us/you/them.
1 Paul and J live.near ....Q.... .
2 Who aJ:c those people? r)o you kno¥l ...... ?
3 You can help TOlll and Torn can help you. So you and TonI can help ..........................,..--........-----.. .
4 rhere's food in the kitchell. If you and Chris are hungry, you can help .........-----..,..-----...,........,....----. .
5 We didn't go to Ann's party. She didn't invite ..............................,..--.........-- .
6 When \:vc go on holiday, \VC always enjoy ......................,...-..-......----..,... .
7 Mary and Jane \vere at school together but they 11 ever see ..'...m..................................... nO\\7.
8 Diane and I are very good fi'iends. We've kno\vn _........____.........................,....... for a long tinlc.
9 'l)id you see David and fJiane at the party?' 'Yes, but I didn't speak to ,........_........._m....___....'..___._.... .'
L 0 Many people talk to .........,.______............................. \-vhen they're alone.
[133]

UNIT
63
A
B
c
.'s (Ann's camera / my brother's car etc.)
(MH1  r{f!,
\!
.....- ./
(
MANAGER
.//
o
I\NN
fI,'1Y BROTHER
Ann s Gunera
(her GUllera)
111V brother's car
"
(his car)
the Dlanager's office
(his or her otlice)
We nonnally use -s for people:
· I stayed at I1.1Y sister's house. (not 'the house of l11Y sister')
· I lave you Inet Mr Kellys \vife? (not 'the \vife of Mr Kelly')
· Arc you going to Jatnes's part)r?
· Paul is a ITlan's nHnc. Paula is a wotnan's nmnc.
You can use -'s \vithout a noun lfter it:
· Mary's hair is longer than Ann's. (= Ann's hair)
· 'Whose ulTlbrella is this?' 'It's Iny lllother's.' (= IllY 1110thees 1l1ubrella)
· 'Where \vere YOll last night?' 'J \vas at Ial1]'s.' (= Paul's house)
{rien(Ps alld fi'icnds'
[Pi
rny friend's house = ollcffiend
(= his house or her house)
We \vrite -'s after
friend/ student/ tl1.other ete. (jngulm):
nry nlothers car (Olll' mothl'l)
Iny flther's C1I" (lm,eIathet)
Iny friends' hOllse = two or nwrcfriends
(= their house)
We vi/rite -' after
.
friends/ studen ts/ parents etc. (pluralj:
HIY parents' Cc1r (two parents)
We use of . .. for things, pfares ete.:
· Look at the roof of that building. (not 'that building's roof')
· We didn't sce the beginning of the fihn. (Hot 'the fihn's beginning')
· What's the nalue of this village?
· Do you kno\v the cause of the problctl1.?
· Y()u can sit in the back of the car.
· IVladrid is the cap,ital of Spain.
[134] BUlle/yours etc.   whose.. _ ? =:::}  -'s (he"s / Mary's ete.) =:::} APPENDIX'4.5

"
....
....
'" 63.1
....
....
....
....,
"
.....
63.2
....
....
.....
"'"
....
.....
.....
.....
.....
...
EXERCISES
UNIT
63
Look at the family tree. Write sentences a bout the people in the family.
1 (Bri.:ll1/husband) ..r.n..MH...4__.
2 Ou1ia/ ll1other) ......J?&r,.__rr.p...
3 (MarY/\\life) Ntuy is .............mm.....n_____....________....______., \,vife.
4 aunes/brother) janlcs .n.....'.._m......_____...,...______.....n___.....'..m...'.. .
5 a aines/ une] c) ...m..'.. ,..-._.... ..------......-.---... ....---.... .............. II n cle.
G au Jia/ ,"vi fe) Julia _____.. '...m..... ........................,........ ....._m...' ---.---.., .
7 (Mary / grandnlother)
HAAY (j = RIAN
, I
, I 
fj ufj I l
JAM£S\ '- 
CC;1 DANIEL
Marv and Brian are Hurried.
They have a son) JaJ1H'S, and a
daughter, Julia.
Julia is lnarried to Paul.
JU1i<l <uH_i Paul bave a SOI1) l)aniel.
8 a ulial sister) .." ,.n_m" .._____.." 'n___.." '...m...' ..........." ............. ........... ....m -
9 (Paul Ih usb.uld) ___.." 'm__..." ........... ........... .........." ..........", '.n_._.... ,...-- .
1 0 (Paul I father) '" ,.nnn'" ........... ......,... .........., ..mm.." ,..-------.... ---.----..., .... .
1l (Oaniel/llephe\v)
Look at the pictures and answer the questions. Use one word only.
.
'- . ,-

I \ /1' 0  111
'. l [) ' j '
"--' I I
,I II
'v I
" r
j.I\N E
AI\:J r'{
..\LlCE
[)IANE
DA VI))
P
2f
Whose is this?
AUc.e) s

3 t U' And this?
 )) ................nn_......'____.__..'...n.
Whose is this?
4 And these?
-
'<.,-,,-.
. -
6  And these?
63.3 Are these sentences OK? Correct the sentences where necessary.
.....
"
"
....
"\
"
'"
.....
,!!'.!:i..,----p, ,..
Ok
1 r staved at the louse 0 111V sister.
, '
2 What is the nanle of this VI age ?
3 l)o von1ikc the colonr of this coat?
,
4 1)0 you kno\v the phone rnnnber of Bill ?
5 The lob of IllY brother is very interesting.
6 Write your narne at the top of the pAge .
7 For Ille the 1110rning is the best part of the day .
8 The £'lvourite colour of Paula is blue.
9 When is the birthday of 'your 1110ther ?
10 The house of iny parents isn't very big_
11 rhe v\r'alls of this house are verv thin.
,
12 'The car stopped at the end ofthc street .
13 Are you going to the party of Silvia next v-leek?
14 The rnanager of the hotel is on holiday at the 111 0111el1t.
11.35 J

UNIT
64
a/a n ...
A
  
 ,.... r.
\ "J 
G

; .;:,
, .
\-
',>
He's got a caillera.
She's ,vaiting for a taxi.
It's a beautiful dav.
,
a ... = 011t' thing or person:
· Alice "\vorks in a bank. (not 'in bank.')
· (:.111 I (1sk a question? (1Jot 'ask question')
· I havcn't got a car.
..
· There's a WOlllan at the bus stop_
B
an (,.W{ La') before a/c/i/o/u:
· 1)0 you "\V1I1t an apple or a banana?
· l'n1 going to buy a hat and an ulnbreUa.
· There \vas an interesting progranllllC on 'TV last night.
also an hour (h is not prol1ounced: a11 (h)ol1r)
but a university (pronounced l'ullh J Cfsity)
a European country (pronounced. j-'liropetln)
anothcr (= an + other) is l)ne \vord:
· Can [ have another Clip of tea?
C We use a/an... \\Then \VC S.l)' \Vh(lt a thing or a person is. For cX;lInp1c:
· T'hc sun is a star.
· FootbaU is a galne.
· Dallas is a city in Texas.
· A 11louse is an anitnal. It's a sll1aU animal.
· Joe is a very nice person.
We use a! an ... [or jobs ete.:
· A: What's your jnb?
H: rill a dcntist. (not <1'111 dcntist.')
· "'X/h(lt does Mark. do?' 'He's an engineer.'
· Would you like to be a teacher?
· Beethoven \-vas a COl11.poscr.
· Picasso \vas a fatuous painter.
· Are you a student?
[136J
a car / SOt1le t11011CY lCOLLlltablc/ul1coumablc)  UNITS 86-67
'II
a ;Ind the  I!ImIII

EXERCISES
64.1 Write a or an.
I ..____... old book
2 .____.......... ,vindo\\7
3 ............... horse
4
5
6
,.............. aIrport
............... nC\\l aIrport
..,......,'.... organisation
64.2 What are these things? Choose from the list.
UNIT
64
7
8
9
. .
m..."'...... uIlLverslty
............... hour
.............., econolnic proh1crll
l:ffltl
flo\over
[rui t
1110ll11talIl
planet
rIver
tool
gan1e
ll1usica] il1stnnnent
vegeta ble
1 A duck is ._..jr4.. .
2 A carr()t is __......_............................................_____.......... .
3 Tennis is ,..___...,......,.....................-.__...______........_.....,...... .
4 A h31111ner is ............................----....------.................... .
5 'E\lcrest is ,........................"......"..----..".........,................ .
6 Jupiter is ...................,....-...................-.----......-.-----.......----.... .
7 A l1car is .......................--..-.......----......------.....----...........--..... .
8 The AnlJ.zon is __....m__........_.......................................... .
9 A r()se is ,.._____..,..______......___......._____................................h...., .
'10 A trul11pet is ......................,.....................................,........ .
64.3 What are their jobs? Choose from the list and finish the sentences.
dentist electrician nurse photographer private detective shop assistant taxi driver
1
5 n 
 
". .- .-
.. 
A '.
,' '
SJ.1 e 1 5 Q." d..entis t.
1 .. .......,.......... ........ ........ ..---..
2
3
4
He's ......" ,-.---.., ------..,. ......... ,........ ........". ...-...." ,-----...". ........",.
S 11 e ______." ........" .......... ......" .......". ..-----., ....---...,. ........".. ............
3
7
5 . ............ ......... .........., ........... .......'" ........'".. .........,.. ..-......,. ...----...
tJ ............. ....,..,.. ........, ........." ...._....". ______..... .._____...".. ...__..'" .........,
7 .........". ...-...,' ..-----.., -- .---.....,. ..--...".. ........".. ........".. ........". ..........
R Al1d )'011? 1'111 ..........................................................,.....
64.4 Make sentences. ,Choose from Box A and Box B. Use alan where necessary.
B
A . 1 Y.:vant to l sk Y0"..1
TOIll never \vears
I can't ride
My brother is
old house
party
bookshop
hat
Barbara \vorks in
Ann \VlIltS to learn
J inl lives in
This evening 1'n1 going to
artIst
tjtteSttefl
fi)rcign lanS'1.1age
bicycle
1 ..L.,........!:J--..q........
2
3
4
.-----.....--.................--......-------...-----............................................................--..-............................................................ - ....................................................................,
.................................----..........................................................--..---.............................................................................................. . ...----.....-------......-----.........----..........--.....
........... . . ........... . . .. .... _........ . .. _.... _...... . . ............... . . . ............ .. . . ................ . .".. _ _ _ _.. _.. . . ........ _.. a 6 6. . . . .............. . . . . ....... . . . . . . . .......... . . . . ........... . ..... _ _ _.. . . .. _ _ _ _..... . . . .. _ _ _ _ 6.. . .6.... _.. a 6 _. . . . ....... _ a a'. . . .6..... a a.' . . . ............ . .
5 . ......' ,......, ,---...." ........... ......,... ........,' ...---.." ,.........", ............ .........". ..........,,'. ....-...., ..-.----.., ,..----..". ...--....". ........" .........", .........",.. .......,. ..........
6 . ......, ..____.., ..___..." ........... ........' ........., ..____._.". ........." ............ .........".. ..........". .....--...,. -------.. ,--..--..." .....h.." .........,... ........... ............ .......... ..........
7
8
. ....... . .. _ _ _... . . _ 6 _.. a a 6' . . . ........ . . . . ......... . . . . .......... . . ... _ _ _ _ 6. . . . 6 _......... . . . . .......... . . . ., ""'" . . . ................. . . . ... _ _ _ _ _ _ 6' . . _ _.. _ _ a.. . . . _........ a' . . . . ......... . . . ............ . . . . ....... . . . . . ....... . . . . . ........ . . . . . . ........ . .
. .....__... _____66.. .............. ........ ........... .....___a.. .___..__a6." ................ .......... ............... ....._........, .__....__..a.... ...._aa6... ............. ............... ............. ............. ............ ............ .........
11371

UNIT-
6
flower(s)
bus(es)
(singular and plural)
A
The plural of a noun is usually -s:
singular (= one)  pluml (= t\,...o or J110re)
a Ho\:ver  sonle flo\,/ers
a \veek -7 two \veeks
a nice place  Illany nice places
this sh()p  these shops
S'pclling (==> Appendix 5):
-s / -sh / -ch / - x  -es
also
 .
-y -les
hu t -ay / -ey / -oy  -ys
-f / -fe  -yes
.1 A o\ver
sOlne flo\vers
bus -7 buses dish -7 dishes
church  churches box -7 boxes
potato -7 potatoes
t(>Illat.o  t<Hllatoes
haby  babies dictionary  diction.tries
party  parties
day  days .nonkey -7 LHonkeys boy -7 boys
'\helf  shelves
knife -7 knives
\vife  \vives
trousers
B
These things arc plural in Eng1ish:

glasses
..,.
r
.....
-

.$
Jeans
shorts
I!.ghts
tp iJJ&.,
tIIJJ!/W.
.
PYJanlas
La
· ])0 you \.\rear glasses?
· Where are the scissors? I need theln.
You C31l .llso say a pair of scissors / a pair of trousers / a pair of pyjan"1as ere.:
I need a lle\V pair of jeans. or I need sonle nc\v jeans. (not 'a ne\v jeans')
c
SOllle plurals do not end in -s:
this 111an -) these nlen
a WOlllan  S0J11C women
a child -tlnanv children
J
one foot  t\'10 feet
a tooth  all lllV teeth

that sheep -7 tlll)se sheep
a fish  a lot of fish
a ITIOUSe  sonle n-uce
also: a person -7 two people / SOlne people / a lot of people de
· 81 ' .
.le s a nIce person.
but · They arc nice people. (not 'nice persons')
o People is plural (= they), so \ve say people are / people have ele.:
· A lot of people speak English. (not 'speaks')
· I like the people here. They are very friendly.
Police is pInr.:!I:
· 'The police are here.'
[ 13H]
'Why? \Vhat do they \lv 7 ant?'

'.
...
65.1
" 65.2
,
,
'.
,
..
\ 65.3
,
'.
'.
...
"
EXERCISES
Write the plural.
1 fk)\vcr ,.-fu?,___....,_____.....
2 ll()at ,____....,.....,......................
3 Vv'(>Illall .__..................,................
4 cit)r ......,...............................
..... l1lnbrella
J
6 address
7 knife
8 san<.:hvich
9 fanlilv .____.__..____________________......._
J
1. 0 foot .........................___....,.____
1 I holiday ..................................._..
J
12 potato ......................................
Look at the pictures and complete the sentences.
1
r-
CEOR <.;F 
1 There arc a lot of ..,h____ in the field.
2 (;corl!:e is cleanin g llis ....................................... .
"'-.' "-
3 'There are three __......__....................... at the bus stop. 6
Jill has got t\vo .._____.... ....___.... .__________ ...._ .
There are a lot of ..............................__ ill the riveL
'I'he ...............,............... are falling [ro111 the tree.
Some of these sentences are right but most are wrong. Correct the sentences that are wrong.
1 1'111 goin g to buy s onle flo\vcrs. ...Q.....
2 I lled  C\v je,;ns) _J.._______p_,pfj.__..___QR..___..!.________.J.....
3 It's ,1 lovely park \vi th a lot of bea 1I tifu] tree. .. ............. ..,....... .......... ............ ........... ...m..... ............ ....___.... ,___________ ,______.,
4 'There \vas a \VOIUan in the car \vith t\VO 1l1ens. ..............................................,.......,.................................................
5 Silcei1 cat grass. . ._____... -------, , ,______.", ......__",. ........", ........"" .........", """"'" ,......_." ....___.'" --------., , , .______..., ________.. ._______.," .._...__.,',. ......."
6 [)avid is Illarried and has three eh ilds. ...............................................................................,..............._.........._____...._________.
7 Most of Iny fi-iend arc '5tuclen t. .. ....m........m..... .....:m.... ...mm.. ...m..... ....m.... ........... .......... .......,.... ........... .............. .........,..
8 He put on his p}janl:l and VlelJt to bed. __....._______...,_________...,.____....,_______......___.........___.......m.........n...............................
9 \Vc \\'ent fishing but \\.Ie didn't catch tuanv fish. ..___.........___....,..__........___.....,.._____......_____.....__.____........__........mm.....
, J
10 Do you knovv 11lany persons in this to\vn? ...................................................................___.........__.._.......____.__...________...___
11 I like your trouser. Where did. you get it? m........mm.......m.......m........m...'.................................................................
1.2 Th c to\V11 centre is usually full of tourist. ...... ....._n.... .....___..... ....__.... ,.._____.... .._____... ,._______..._______... ....._._..... ....m.... ........
13 J don't like n-uce. rin afraid of theln. ..................................................................n.........___........____......________.....___.__......m.
14, T llis scissor iSll't \.ref)l S 1131'11. .' .........".. ........,.. ...n.....' .....n...." .....n...".. ......... ............ .......... ........... ..........,.. ...n.....' ...nn..... .__._..
65.4 Which is right? Complete the sentences.
,
,
'-.
\.
'.
1 rt's a nice place. Many people ..9Q...,. there fi)T a holiday.
2 SOllIe peop1c ,.___......______...__.__...... ahvays late.
3 'rhe president is not popular. The people .......................,....... like. hinl.
4 A Jot of people n............................. television every day.
S Three people ..........................m.. injured in the Jccident.
6 Hovv T luany people ............m....'.___m.... ill that house?
7 ............................... the police carry gUllS in your country?
B The pohce ...'..n_....'_.____...,______. looking for the stolen car.
9 1 need IllY glasses hut I can't find ......n....................... .
] 0 I'nl going to buy __.___.....,..__.........___... ne\v jeans today.
(go or goes?)
(is or are?)
(don't or doesn't?)
(watch or watches?)
(was or were?)
(live or lives?)
(Do or Does?)
(is or are?)
(it or them?)
(a or soule?)
UNIT
65
1.139 J

UNIT
66
A
B
[ 140]
a car / some money
(countable/uncountable 1)
A nOlln can be (ountah/c or l-/1lrountahlc.
Countahle nouns
for exaruple: (a) car (a) luan (a) key (a) house (a) flower (an) idea (an) accident
You can use one/two/three (el.c.) + rormtablc nouns (YOll can collnt thelll):
Wi
three nlen
-
r- _ ' . _ _____
0. - I' -- -
t-' ..1_ :e: -
 -
.__ .:lfI, __ ---
. -- ;... . ::...--
one car
t\VO cars
h)ur houses
Countable nouns can be singular (= olle) or pluml (= t\vo or lllore):
singlilar:
phmll:
.
.
.
the car l:'tc.
the cars
a car
cars
n1.Y car
two cars
sotne cars
lnany cars ctc.
I've got a car.
There aren't l1.1.any cars in the car park.
Ne\v cars are very expensive.
You ((1nI1O{ use the singuJar (car/house/key de.) alone. You need a/an (=> Unit 64):
· We eu} 't gf't in \vithout a key. (Hot \:vithout key')
Unu)lll}uble nouns
For eXJlllpJc: water
.
aIr
salt
plastic
.
Hlustc
tennis
rIce
n1.0ncy
lj;:
, Ir"'I:  lr _
I I II I ,..,.....-..:;0...____ Z ."
JA P..;--
" "
t
salt
.
musIc
You (annot say one/two/three (cte) + t11cse things: orte water twomusic
LJncountahlc nouns have only one f()nn:
l110ney the 1110ney Iny n-loney
SOIne 1110ney
IHuch tnoncy etf
· I've got SOUIC ll1oney.
· There isn't Illuch money in the box.
· Money isn't everything.
" ' V
You call1lot use a/an + unrolUuab!c nOUlls: ....H)110ney fi\l11usic
But you can say a piece of ... / a glass of ... etr. + ul1tountabLc Houn:
a glass of \.Vltcr a can of oil a bar of chocolate
a piece of cheese a bottJe of lllilk a piece of lllusic
a bowl of rice a cup of coffee a gan1e of tennis
alan  I!miI:D countable/uncountable 2 => 

-...
EXERCISES
......
66..1
UNIT
66
What are these things? Some are countable and some are uncountable. Write alan if necessary.
The names of these things are:
......
......
bucket
egg
envelope
.
Jug
......
......
-..
......
......
I , so..Lt
t s ...................,..-
I t's _, .._P_.
-..
7 nJ/
......
\..
./
.......
--.........-- _....../
nlilk
1110ncy
salt
sand
spoon
toothbrush
toothpaste
wallet
It's .______....._____......
It's ............,..____..._ It's .....__................ It's .......................
.........
It's ______....._____....___
It's .____..................
11
It's .,.....................
It's .......____...,.._____. It's ....._.................
....... 66.2 Some of these sentences are right, but some of them need alan. Put in alan where necessary.
1 I haven't got atc1:iJ .._...,
2 1)0 you like cheese? _.9K_.....,...........
3 Anu never \vears hat. ,.............................................
4 Are you looking for job? ..........................-....,.....
5 Mary doesn't eat Ineat. _.........................................
6 Mary eats apple every day. ,.................................
7 1'111 going to p.-lrty tonight. ................................
B Music is vvundcrful thing. _.....____.........___..............
.......
.......
-...
....
9 Jainaica is island. ............................,..............................
10 I dOll't need key. _______..,...___........_....................,.............
11 Everybody needs food. ..................__......._.____...._.____
12 I've got good idea. ........,.............................................
13 Can YOLI drive car? ._______............................................
14 L)o you \vant cup of cofiee? ................______.....___...
15 [don't like coffee \vithout Inilk. ............,....___...
16 Don't go out \,vithout ul11brcl1a. ...............,.......
"'"
66.3 What are the things in the pictures? Write a ... of ... for each picture. Use the words in the boxes.
......
......
......
.......
.......
bar cup loaf
bottle glass pIece
bo\vl .
Jar pIece
......
.....
.....
1 .....9._Pf.____..
2 ......, .......', ..--....,. ..--...,. ........',. .......,. ......
3 ....." ...-... ..------.... .---..'" .......,.. ......." .......
......
......
bread III ilk. tea
chocolate paper \vater
honey soup \vood
4 . .........." .........." .........,.,. .........., ........"..
7 ...". ...___..., _______.... .._____.., ,.._......,' ..............
5 ............. ............ ............. ............ ...........
6
8 ...,.. ...._..". _____...., _______ _".. ..--...., , ........".....
9
[141]

UNIT
67'
A
a car / some money
(countable/uncountable 2)
a/ an and sotne
a/an -I- singular wtl1ltablc noun (car/apple/shoe etc.):
· I nLed a lle\V car.
· Would yon like an apple?
son"1e + plund (O/.m£able nouns (cars/ apples/ shoes etc.):
. I need SOllIe nevv T shoes.
· Would YOll like sonlC applcs?
S0111C l- uuwun.table nouns (water / tl10ney / music ('Ie.):
· I need SOITIe money.
. Would you like SOlne cheese?
· (Of -W(nIld. you like a piece of cheese?)
#
'=-;:::;;r.-r...
r:-"'  ,, "'... @
'i"11 'Wi  ",','",',\\",
ll). 1\"II'i'':1T
""II:!/
'r;. r; t
an apple
SOllIe apples
son"1e cheese or
a piece of cheese
COlllJxu-e a and son"1c:
· Linda bought a hat, sonle shoes and SOlne perfulllC.
· I read a newspaper, wTote SOlne letters and listened to SOlue nlusic.
B Man)' 110l111S are somctitncs cOl1nrable and somctil1"lCS uncountabJf'. For exatnple:
c
(1.42.1
r;l:!f:rJ:;'J::" ....,
;;
....... or. -,' -. .-.
. . ". .  :::.:'.::.:.. '."(
-----
a cake
SOfTIe cakes
1/'"
'7-
(A:_:._dur')
=- - 
 ----:
a chicken

(,h -..,...:::; --
I. --. _ _-c.-':=-

sotue chicken or a piece of chicken
COl"npare a paper (= a ne\vspa per) and SOfne paper:
· J \\rant sornetbing to read. 1'111 going to buy a paper.
but · I \:VUlt to In£lke ..I list. I need SOUle paper / a piece of paper. (not 'a lXlper')
Be careful '\vith these nouns - they are usually uncountable:
inforlnation advice "veather ne,",rs bread
hair
furniture
work
· [ 1leed SOlne inforlnation about hotels in London. (not 'infornlations')
· It's nice weather today. (not 'a nice \veather')
· Listen! I've just had sotne good news. (not '.1 good nc\vs')
· ['n1 going to buy some bread. (110£ 'a bread')
· Sue has got very long hair. (not 'hairs')
· They've got SOlne very nice furniture in their hOllse. (not 'furllitures')
· 'Do you like your job?' 'Yes, but it's hard work.' (n.ot 'a hard ,\vork')
\x/c say a job (but not \. \-vork'):
· I've got a llC'\V job. (not 'a nt'\\' \\lark')
count,blc/Ullcountablc 1  I!I!IEI SOllIe and any  mn::ID

EXERCISES
UNIT
67
67.1 What did you buy? Use the pictures to make sentences (I bought ...).
1
2
3 ._
 ":'
...,  '  .,....
:,;",,..::.. '.m'
flfl ( 'li r ';j j:' ...,:}p.
I.,I'.I. I I \ ' 1 1 (l{iiii(i' I '' .,.-" ,:'
" 11 11111 ' .
"', ,'II' : 1 :111 ,", ".
I I .
I
-' /11
-
1 _., .I.._P.9.t.9..,.P-fu...2., ....4__p,___Q,.____..
2 I 1)0 II gIlt ....... ......... ........ .......' , ......" ....__..", .-----.... --.------., ....-...."" ........"". ......."" ......." ,.......",. ........", ...--....". -----..,.. ..------.". --------, , -------.,..
3
4
67.2 Write sentences with Would you like a ... ? or Would you like some ... ?
2 3
1 .W,..H....,..,..-,?
2 Would you like __..___m__..____....................................... ?
3 W()111<..1 ___... ......., ......,... ......... ......... ......., ........., .....-.-.".. .n_ ?
4 ... , , . ......... . . . . ..... . . . . ...... . . . . . . ...... . . . , . ...... , , . , ....... . , , ,......, , , , . ....... , , , . .. __ _ ?
5
6
?
................................................................................................................. ..
?
__..._______a....________..______.....________...._______...________...___.___....._______.....____ ..
67.3 Put in alan or some.
1 I read ... book Jnd listened to ..9. rnusic.
2 I need .............._ 1110ney. I \Vult to buy............... food.
3 We J11et .....m._..... jnteresting people at the party.
4 1'111 going to open ......m...... \\lil1do\r...' to get ......__.m... fresh air.
5 Sbe didn't cat 1l1uch for lUllch - only............... apple and .....,......... bread.
6 We live in m............ big house. There's .........m..' nice garden \vith .__m__....._. beautiful trees.
7 1'111 going to Inake .:1 table. First I need .....__........ \\lood.
8 Listen to 111C carefuny. I'nl going to give you ............... advice.
9 I \\'ant to \vrite a letter. I need ............... paper Jnd ..........m.. pen.
67.4 Which is right?
1 1'111 going to buy SOlne nt'\v s-lte-e/shoes. shoes is right
2 Martin has got bro\vn eye/eyes .
:) Paula has got short black hair/hairs .
4 The tourist guide gave us SOUle infonnation/infonnJtions about the to\vn.
5 We're going to buy SOlne ne\v chair/ chairs .
6 We're going to buy sotne ne\v furnjturc/fiunitures .
7 It's dit1icult to get a \vork/job at the 1110111ent.
8 \X/e had lovely \veather / a lovely \veather \vhcn \ve w'crc 011 holiday.
1 1 431

UNIT
68
a/an and the
A
a/an
1 ........
--
l.
,,-
3 y.
.:
] 'here are tinct vv'indo\vs here.
a \:vindo\\r == \vindo\v 1 or 2 or 3
. I've got a car.
(there are l1WrJ.y [m, and !'t/(, got one)
. (aJl 1 lsk a question?
(there arc Irwn}' questiolls - ((ll/. J as/? om'?)
. Is there a hotel Ilear here? (there are
1J"wny hOfels - is there (111(' near here?)
· P1ris is an interesting city. (there arc
Irlcl1l)' il1tercsli1i!. ciries mui Paris is onc)
· Lisa is a student.
(ther(' arc 1nany studcn.ts cmd Lisa is on.c)
(0111pare a and the:
the
(:an you open
the \vindo\\r?

There is only one \vindo\v here - the
\\lilldo\-\'.
· flll going to clean the car t0I1101TO\V.
(== IllY car)
· Can you repeat the question. plc<lse?
(= the lJucstion that you asked)
· We enjoyed our holiday. The hotel ,:vas
very nice. (== ollr hotel)
· Paris is the capital of France.
(there is only one capital f France)
· Lisa is the youngest student in her class.
(there is only one Y0U11,gest student in her clas...,)
· I bought a jacket and a shirt. The jac {,et \:vas ChC<lP but the shirt \\l,lS expensive.
(= the jacket and the shirt that I bought)
B We S,lY the... \vhen it is clear \vhich thing or person \ve 111eau. For exnnplc:
the door / the ceiling / the floor / the carpet / the light ete. ((!{ a roonl)
the roof / the garden / the kitchen / the bathroon1 ctc. «f a house)
the centre / the station / the airport / the town hall elL «?f a town)
. 'Where's'Toln?' 'In the kitchen.'
(== the kitchen in this house or flu)
. Turn off the light and dose the door.
(= the light and the door of the r00I11)
· r)() you live £1r [nJ1l1 the centre?
(= the centre of your tovn)
· I'd Jike to speak to the manager, please.
(== the IlJanagcr of this shop ete.)
[144J
a/an => Im!L[9 the => UNITS 69-72
I'HE LlCH I
"
TI-Il.:. FLOOR
TilE CFI1ING

EXERCISES
UNIT
68
68.1 Put in alan or the.
1 We enjoyed our holiday. .Th___. hotel \vas very nice.
2 'Can I ask ..... questiont 'Of course. What do you \vant to ask?'
3 You look very tired. You need .............. holiday.
4 ' Wi ' ' ] ' :::. ' I I ' . 1- tl ·
Jere SOI11.. e S In .............. L)a lroon1.
5 Jane is .....'m....' interesting person. You Blust nlcct her.
6 A: Excuse Ine, can you tel] rne ho\\.' to get to ......m..... city centre?
B: Yes, go straight on Jnd then take ........m... neAt turning left.
7 A: Shall \ve go out fi)r .............. lllcal this evening?
13: Yes, that's ....___....,__ good idea.
8 It's ____________.. nice 1110rlling. Let's go for _______...____ \vaJk.
9 Arnanda is .m......m. student. When she finishes her studies, she \V..Ults to be ...........___ journalist.
She lives \vith t\:vo friends in ............., flat near .........___.. colle g 'Te \vhere shc is stl1dving. __......._____ flat
 J ..
is SIllJll but she likes it.
1 (j Peter and J\llary have got t\:vo children, .............. boy and ........___... gir1. ...m........ boy is seven 'years
old and .....m...... girl is three. Peter \vorks in .............. Rlctory. M,ary hasn't got .......___.... job at the
ITIOHlent.
68.2 Complete the sentences. Use a or the + one of these words:
dirport cup door floor picture radio
fhat's ............. nice
m......___......____......__. - I Jike it.
5 Can you turn ofC _________

Why are you sitting?1J
on .................................. ?
1
Can you opell :(tI.
_.4P.Qr... , please?
4
..."
68.3 Put in alan or the wh ere necessary.
1 Don't forget to C turn offlight) \vhen you go out. __...,ff.....n...
2 Enjoy yonr holiday and don't f()rget to send HIe postcard. ........._____.._________.....m...........................................______..
3 What is naB1C of this vinage? ...................__......________................................................,
4 Canada is very big country. ........................................__...,.....___..............................
 What i largest city in C.Jnada? ...................,.........................................___m.................
6 I like this rooln but I don't like colour of carpet. .._.___.......m............................................__.......______....._._
7 'Are you OI{?' 'No, I've got headache.' .._____.......___..'....m.............................................___...______
8 We Jive in old house near station. ...____......_______..m__........___................................m.......____
9 What is nalHe of director offilnl \\'e SJVT last night? .m__...__.___........__m................................................._______
11451

UNIT
69
A
B
c
the ...
We use the \vhell it is dear ,vhich thing or person \.ve rnean:
. What is the nalne of this strcet? (this street has only one nalne)
. Who is the best player in your tear}}?
. Cclll you ten tHe the tin1.e, please? (= the tiine HOW)
. My ot1icc is on the first floor. (= the first floor of the building)
Don't forget the:
. r)o you Jive near the city centre? (lIot 'near city centre')
. Excuse tHe, \ly7herc is the nearest bank? (not \;vherc is nc.lrC':it ...')
the saIne ...
. We live in the saIne street. (not 'in sunc street')
. 'Arc these t\-vo books di.fFerent?' 'No, they're the saIne: (not 'they're saBlc')
We sav:
,
the sun / the moon / the world / the sky / the sea / the country:
. The sky is blue and the sun is shining.
. Do you live in a to\\o'11 or in the country?
,.
-
----'-1..A_"_'{,-1\.A._
:--<_1.A...-"__  I,/t.""'"'t.-""---:'"''-'L..
the police / the fire brigade / the arn1.Y (of cl city, country etc.):
. My brother is a soldier. lIe's in the army.
.-.fh. _
- I "--
r . POL ICE "'IIIIIIn
.
the top / the end / the tniddle / the left ete.:
. Write your Hal11e at the top of the pclge.
. Mv house is at the end of this street. the left
,
. The table is in the middle of the r00I11.
. Do you drive on the right or on the left in your country?
the to p
the
the right
.
middle
the bottom
(play) the piano / the guitar / the trunlpct ete. (l11usical instnlnlents):  '1
. Paula is learning to play the piano. .  . 
the radio: 'I.....,
. [ listen to the radio a Jot. .... :
o We do not use the \'lith:
[1461
television: X
. I vlI'atch television a lot. . What's all television tonight?
but . Can you turn off the television? (= the TV set)
breakfast / lunch / dinner: X
. What did you have for breakfast? (not 'the breakfast')
. Dinner is readv!
,
next / last + week/month/year/summer/Monday etc.: X
. 1'111 not working next week. (not 'the next \veek')
. Did you have a holiday last SUlTI1TIer? (not 'the last sununer')
alan ;lnd the => I!ImI9 the => ,UNITS 70-72
the oldest / the most expensive ete. => 

EXERCISES
UNIT
69
69.1 Put in the whe re nec essary. Write OK if the sentence is already correct.
1 \X/hat is (.lun or this street? #')......
2 What's o  tdevision tonight? .Q..._....._________
3 () ur a pa rtrnc"nt is 011 see 0 n d fI oor. ... ...--.-.., .-------- ----------... --.------.. ....--.... ....----.... .....-...... ........... ...--...... ....----.--.. -- -------.. -------
4 Wou] d vo 1I like to g () to nll )()Il ? ------.. -- ------.. -- -----..., , .........".. .......", ,........, ........." .........." .........., .........", ....--....'" ...---...., ...---
J L
5 Which is best hotel in this tow'n? __....._..____.....___........___.................................................................................................,..__.
6 W}l at ti III e is IlII) C 11? ..", ...._...". ........" ........... .......... .......'... .........", '......"". ......., ........"". ...-...," ........", ,....-...,'" .........".. .......... ......
7 I [O\V flr is it to citv centre? .............................................----....--.-------.-----------------------------.--..------------------....-------.......-..-......--..

8 We)re going n:vay at end of May. _______________....____..........___............,........................................................................._......,..__...
9 W h3 tare yon doing n C'xt vveekend? .......... ........., ............. ........... .......... .......... ............. ........... .......... .......... .....................
10 I didn't like her fIrst titne I 1Het her. ................................................................'..............................................................,..
11 1'111 goi n g ou t- after dinller. ., .......... .......... ........... .........." .........., ,........", ...--.., , ..______... ..n___...' ,..--....., ........... .........., ..........., ........
L, "-'
12 Wh at's bimrest city in \vorld.? ..... .......... ..........' .......... ............, ,........, , ...----." ..n__....' ..n____..' ...----... .....--............... ............ ,........
"'''''-''' J'
13 My sister got 11larried bs t lno nth. ..... .......... ,........... ---.--.--.. ---------.. --.------.. ..----.... ..----..--.. ..------.., --------.. -- --------.. ...---.-- .....--..,
14 My dictionary is on top shelf on right. ....,-------...-------.-...,--..----......----....------......----.....----..--..--..--..--.---------------------.---------
15 We live in country about five rniles fl.-OIH nearest villa g e. .............................................................."..........,.......
. L
69.2 Complete the sentences. Use: the same + age colour problem street lime.
1 [Jive in North Street and you live in North Street. We live in ......,...kt::n..
') I arrived at R.30 and YOll arrived at 8.30. Wc arrivcd at .....------..---.----------------...--------------------...--------..--..---........--...
3 Jirn is 25 and Sue is 25. Jinl and Suc arc .......-----.--....-------..------------------------------...------.....-------.....----------------------------------------.
4 My shi rt is dark b] lie and so is 1l1V J . ac keto M ) i shirt and J . aeket are ..,..--........--......,..-----...,..-.------....------....-------,
J .J ... ...
5 I've gOlllO 1l1oncy and you've got no llloney. We've got .................................................................................__..,
69.3 Look at the pictures and complete the sentences. Use the if necessary.
1 1 ' I 2
. \\If /1&.

--- J--
-  /; ¥jfl r:-
/1/ II
I" ,I ,I
 _}A? j 
--r-J .--
"'I--
--- -
-
...
.LrJ -
()  ""l.:....:..__r .....
1 ..Th....... is shining.
2 Sh c I:i pLlyi IIg ... ..m.." ......., ............ ........... .......... ....n....' ,..
3 They're having ..............,..........,.........."..------..,.--------.--.
4 lie's listening to ...............................................................
5 'I'h cy're \'V.I tc llil}' _________.. ________......______" ..........." ...__...,.....
J (,.,..r
6 Tl' . . .
ley toe sw t1llJlll11g 11 1 ... ..._n.... ,..______.., _____.._.., ...____________
69.4 Complete these sentences. Choose from the list. Use the if necessary.
capital dinner police lunch l11iddle natne sky telvision
l We had ,... at .-l restaurant last night.
2 We stayed at a very nice hotel but I don't ft:'Illeulber ................................................,............. .
3 ...................................__.......___.......m..... is very clear toniht. You can see all the stars.
. <...'
4 Did you sce the 61£n on .............................................................. List Hight?
:; S01l1cbodv \.vas trviIH! to break into the sho l l so I called _.___......__.__....,...___........___......______....._______ .
J oJ' 4... 7
() Tokyo is _....__._n........n..................................'....n ofJapall.
7 'What did you have for ...........................__...._____..._________...___..__..? 'A salad.'
8 I \voke up in ................,..................._........_____...._____.__ of the night.
[147]

UNIT
'70
"I,


A


go to work


go to the cinema


go home


SGH O;O'L


She's at work.


T'hev'rc o'Oin g to school.
-



I Ie's in bcd.


We say: .
(go) to work. (be) at work, start work, finish work:
. Goodbye! 1'111 going to work no\\'. (not 'to the ,york')
. "I finish work ,It 5 0) dock every day.
(go) to school, (be) at school. start school, leave school ctc.:
. What did you learn at school today? (not 'at the school')
. SOlne children don't like school.


(go) to university/college, (be) at university/college:
. IIc1cll \V
U)ts to go to university \vhen she leaves school.
.\Vh
lt did you study at college?
(go) to hospital, (be) in hospital:
. Jack ,vas in an accident. He had to go to hospital.
(go) to prison, (be) in prison:
. Why is ht' in prison? What did he do?
(go) to church, (be) in/at church:
. l)avid usually goes to church on Sundays.
(go) to bcd, (be) in bed:
. T'nl tired. rln going to bed. (not 'to the bed')
. 'Where's Jill?' 'She'.:; in bed.'
(go) hOI1'lc, (be) at hOlne eft.:
. rin tired. I'1l1 going home. (not 'to hOlne')
. Are yon going out tonight or are you staying at home?


B \'Vc sav:
J


(go to) the cinclTla / the theatre / the bank / the post office:
. I never go to the theatre but I often go to the cinenla.
. 'Arc you going to the bank?' 'No, the post office.'
(go to) the doctor, the dentist:
. You're not \Nell. Why don't you go to the doctor?
. 1'111 going to the dentist t0I1101TOW.


1f[}:[]



also the station / the airport / the city centre ( => Unit 6H)


[148] the=> 'UH,IJS'6S-69,71-72 in/at =>
NIT$
9.100 to/in/at=> UNiT 101; (elt) hOlne => BID




EXERCISES
UNIT
70
70.1 Where are these people? Complete the sentences. Sometimes you need the.
"
")
L...
3
6
1 He's in ........
2. They're at ........, ,:........................
3 She's in .....__.......______.......___........___
4 She's at .......................................___
... '['} ,
.::> .ley re at ___.........._______..................
6 Ht:'s ill ....,..........,...........,..______.....___.
70.2
Complete the sentences. Choose from the list. Use the if necessary.
bank bed church hotne post office school station
1 I need SOllle lllolley. I 11Ulst go to ......__ .
2 l)avid lIsuallv g oes to ..r..... on Sundays.
J .... J
3 I n Britain, children go to ._............................................................ frOI.11 the age of five.
4 There \vere a lot of people at _......_.___........___....'..m........mm.......__...... "\vaiting for the train.
S I phoned YOll last night but you \veren't at ......______......___m......m............................. .
6 {'In going to .___............,.....................___.......___.........__ 110\1\'. Goodnight!
7 1'111 going to ..............................,............................... to get SOllle stunps.
"
70.3 Complete the sentences. Sometimes you need the.
, 1 If vou \Vdnt to catch a P lalIe, \TOU __gg..__#1,__g,....
J 
2 If )/OLJ \vant to see a tllrn. YOll go to ................___.........____.......___........____......mm........................................___........______......__m..
3 If you art: tired and you \'lant to sleep, you ...........................................___........._.....'____m.....mm...........,...........................
4 If vou rob a bank and the nolice catch vou, you .......------......m..............................m....._____......______.......mm.................
" ....  J
5 If YOll have a problenl vlI'irh yonr teeth, YOll ,..___........__.__.....,_______.__....__.......m..........................................._______....__m....'..
61f you \vant to study after you leave school, you .............................____.....___....'..._.m.........................................___.._______
7 If you are injured in an accident, you ..m_.....................................,...........................___....,__.___.......................,....................._
,,70.4 Put in the where necessary . Write OKif the sentence is complete.
1 We \;VTnt [0 cinenlv last night. ........__
2 I finish \¥ork at 5 o'clock every dav. ..Q..............................,
J J
3 Mary \VasH't feeling \vel1 yesterday, so she \vcnt to doctor. .........,............._____......__.............,.............................
4 I \Vasil't feeling \veil this lllorning, so I stayed in bed. m..........................................__....,..______....._m.....................
:> Why is AngeJa ahvays bte for 'vIlork? ..........................___....,..._____.....____......m..........................................______.....................
6 'Wh ere are th e children?' 'I'h ey're at school.' ...... ........... ........... ._____m" ...____.............. ............ .................__........____
7 We've got no Inoney ill bank. m..........m....' ............ .......,....., .........., ........., .........., ....___.." "'._m.. ...m......' ........... ..........., ...._...
S When I \\TJS younger, I \Tv-ent to church every Sunday. .......,......................................______.......__m...........,............
9 What tiIHe do '\Tau usually g et 11ol11e tl"OIll \,\lork? ..____..."...___..."'__....."'.........,........."'........."'..___........____..."'..........
J  "-_
10 1)0 you live far fi"0J11 city centre? ...................................................._....,.._________.___.__.....m................................___.........___......
11 · Where shall \\rc 111 cet?' , A t sta ti on.' .......... ......,...... ............ ........... .......... ..___....... ___._.... ............. ............ ........... ..........,__
1 2 Jinl is ill. He's in h ospitlL . ..____... ......m.... ...m..... ....m........ ............ ............ ......... ........... ....___.... ...___..., ...m........ ........,.. ...............
13 Margaret takes her children to school every day_ ............................................___........._........___..................................
14 Would you like to go to university? ------.......___...........m............,..........,............................._____....___m......m........................
'15 Would YOll like to go to theatre this evening? ------..............................................................._______....m.........................
[149]

UNIT
71
A
I like music
I hate exams
4-0
30
2.0
10
o
-10
-1.0
Do not use the for y,clleml ideas:
. I like Inl1sic, especially classicaltuusic.
(n.M "the 1l1usic ... the classical lllusic')
. We don't eat Ineat very often. (not "the rncaf)
. Life is not possible without water. (n.ol 'The life.. _ the water')
. I hate exarns. (not 'the exanls')
. 1)0 you kno\.\i a shop th.-It sells foreign newspapers?
. 1'ln not vcry good at \vriting letters.
Do not use the for ganlcs and sports:
. My favourite sports are tennis alld skiing. (not 'the tennis... the skiing')
J)o not use the for languages or acadenllc subjects (history/geography/physics/biology crc.):
. ))0 you think English i.;; diftiClllt? (Hot 'the English")
. TOln's brother is studying physics and chelnistry.
B flowers or the flowers?
l1501
COIllpare:
. Flowers are beautiful.
(= flo\I\i'ers ill genemQ
. l'his is a lovely garden.
The flowers are beautiful.
(= the flo\vers in fl'ds
J.!arden)
. The weather isn't very
good today.
(= the \-veathcr today)
. We h.H1 a very nice Ineal
L1st night. The fish \vas
very good.
(= the fish lIlC ale last t1l:ht)
. Are YOll interested in the
histor y of vour coulltrv?
, ,
. I don't like cold weather.
(= cold \,veather in generaD
. We don't CJ.t fish very often.
(= fish in genem0
. ATe you interested in
history?
(= history in gcneraO
the::::} UNITS 68-70, 72

--...
-
-.
EXERCISES
UNIT
71
-
71.1
What do you think about these things?
dogs
,-
nlUSCUJllS
big cities
,
tC<l
1l1otor raCIllg
bask<:.tba II
TV quiz sho\vs
COIllputer gallles
cxalllS
loud IllUsic
parties
hard \vork
--
-
Choose seven of these things and write sentences beginning:
T like ... I don't like ... I love ... I hate ... T don't Inind ... (= it's ()K)
'I J....._''.m
2 ,___.., ......." ......" ,....." _______, ,__....., ........., .._.____.. _____..."". ......", ..______,. ...__........ ........,. __ ...__...... ......"" _____...,... .......", .._____..".. .......,... _____........ .......,.....
3 ____. ------, , ,_....".. ....... ......". .____... ____.."'. .......... .......". .......", .........", .._____.." ,........... ...._.__.". .__...... ........,.. ___.__..". .........". _______"", ........". __ __........ .....__
4 ." ..----, , _____.'" ........ ........ ...__." ,_____." __......... ......"" ._______,., ........... ........" __ _____..,'" ........",. ______.". ......."" ..____..'" ......."". .______",. ........., ...______."., ......., ,
"'"
-
-
.......
5 . .......", .____. ------., , .._...,. ........ ........,. .___..'" ............ ......." .____.__'" .......,,'. .........,., .._......... ......., , ______.."'. ......."" ______..,'. ........." ..___..."'.. ........, __ _____........
6
7
........ . . 'oO  _ a... . ... _ _ _ _ . . _ _ _..... . . .......... . . .... a a' . . . ... _ _ _ _. . . _ _ _ _ _oO"" . . .. ...........oO. . . . .. _ _ _ _ _. . ... ..oOoO......... . . . .............. . . . . _ _.... _ _..... . . . .. ............ . . . . _ _ _ _.... _ . . ................ . . . . _ _ _ _ _.. _ . . . ........... . . . . . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . . . .. ..........oO.. . . . . . _ _ _ _ _ _ . . . . .. ..........
.....
......... . . .......... . . ... - - - - . . - - - - - . - . -.. -.... . . ..oO....... . . . .oO........ .. . . .. - - - - - _. ... .............. . . . .. ............. . . .. - - - - - - _. . . . . ....... . . . . . .. - - - - - - . . . ......... . . . . ........... . . . - - _..... . . . . . . ........ - . . . _.. - _... . . . ........... . . - - - _...... . . . . ........... . . - - - - - _. . . .
8 ...... ....... ....." ....., ,_____" ,_____..,. ........, .......". __.__...", .......... ........,. ,__..__.."'.. .......", .._____.'" ........., ,..______", ........", ....__...." .........., ..._____.., .........., .___........
....... 71.2
Are you interested in these things? Write sentences with:
.....
['In (very) interested in ...
1'111 not interested ill ...
I kno\v <1 lot ahout . . .
I kl1o\v a little about 'ww
( dOIl't kllo\:v Ilauch about. . .
I dOJl't klJ()\v anything about.._
.....
"'"
1 (llistory) ...!.J,...Y.Y...,_.,.__t9.n1....____.
2 ()oliti cs) I ,....... ......", ..___.... ______..", ........... ....___,. ______....,.. ......."" .______..". ........." _______, __ ........... .___....... ............. .......... ............, .......,. ____.....
3 (s 1) ()ft) ...--.., ----.." ......,'. ......... .......", ,__....." .........., ,___..__., __ _____.."'. ........", _______."'. .......", .._____"" .........". ...___..'" ..........,. ..____..'" ........." _______.".
4 (art) _..,' ........ ....', ....__", _____.." .......,.. ......."" ..___._'" ........... ........", ________."'. ......."" .______." ........." ..____...., ........'... ,.____..., ...._....... ..._..__.. __.......... ....
5 (as tro 11 () 111 y) ....... .....".. .__...... ___._."'.. ......"" ._._. _ _". ___....,.,.. ......."" _ _____.."". ......." ,_.___.."'. ........,.. .____ _.."'. ......",.. ._____.... ...."....,. ._____..". .......
6 ( e("() n () 11 lies) ______..".. ........ .......", ,______..,.. ......... ........", ________."'. ........",. ______.", ........" ,._____..., ..........., ,..____... ___.......... ..._...... ...__....... .........__
......
.....
....
71.3 Which is right?
....
"""
1 Ivi Y £1vourite sport is tennis / -t-ne-tennis . tennis is right
:2 r like this hotel. -Pd7t->n-i;S- / The rOOll1S are very llice. The roo IUS is right
3 Evcrvbodv needs t,'iends / the fi-iends.
.' 
4 Jalll' doesn't go to parties / the partics very often.
j J \lellt shopping this Illorning. Shops / The shops \7ere very busy.
6 · Wherc's Illilk / the 111 ilk ?' 'h's in the fi-idge.'
7 I don't like Hulk / the nlilk . I lJever drink it.
8 '1)0 you do any sports?' 'Yes, I play f{)otball / the footbalL '
9 These days a lot of people u.se cOJ.nputers / the con l pnters .
1 () We \vent f(n- a S'\:Villl in the river. Wilter / 'The \vater \vas very cold.
'11 r don't like S\Vill11l1ing in cold \vater / the cold \vater.
12 Excuse 111e, can you pass salt / the s.:11t , please?
J3 I like this to\vn. I like people / the people here.
] 4 Vegetables / The vegetables are good t{)r you.
'15 'Where arc children / the children ?' 'They're in the garden:
16 (can't sing this song. I don't knO\\l \-vords / the \vords .
17 I enjoy taking photographs / the photographs . l.t's iny hobby.
18 I 1l111St sho\-\1 you photographs / the photographs that 1 took \-vhen I \\ras 011 holjda y ....
19 English / The English is llsed a lot in internationa.l business / thL internalion:ll busiuess .
20 Money / The Jnoney doesn't ahvays bring hJppilleSs / the happiness .
"
"
"
....
...
'..
...
...
...
...
Il51 ]

UNIT
72
the ... (names of places)
'.
A PLlCes (continents, countries, states, islands, to\vns ete.)
In general \,VC do 1101 use the -I- nllnes of places:
. France is a very large country. (not 'the France')
 . Cairo.is the capital of Egypt.
. Corsica is an island in the Mediterranean.
. Peru is in South Al11erica.
But \ve llse the in na111es \...ith 'republic'/'states'/'k.ingdotll':
TIlE the Republic of Ireland (or the lrish Republic)
- ' . the United States of Anler.ica (the USA) the United IGngdo111 (the UK)
B the -s (plural nallles)
We lI"e the + pluml nal11eS of countries/isJandslinountai.ns:
THE the Netherlands the Canary Islands the Philippines
the Andes
C Seas, rivers ete.
We use the -I- nan1CS of oceans/seas/rivers/canals:
the Atlantic (C)cean) the Mediterranean (Sea)
the (IZiver) Nile the Suez CJllal
THE
the Anlclzon
the Black Sea
o Places in to\vils (sti-eets, buildings ete.)
1 n general \ve do not use the -I- naIl1eS of streets. squares ete.:
. Kevin lives in Newton Street.
 . Where is Highfield Road, please?
. Ti111es Square is in N e\v York.
We do nor llse the -I- nalne of place (or person) + airport/station/univenity/ castle etc.:
 Kennedy Airport Victoria Station Cambridge University
Westminster Abbey Edinburgh Castle Loudon Zoo
l.3ut usually \ve use the -I- J1<1111es of hotels, restaurants, pubs, cineluas, theatres, lllUSeU1l1S:
the J-lilton (I-Iotd) the Star of India (restaurant)
THE the Sciellce MuseUIll the Odeon (cinenla)
the National Theatre the Tate Gallery (art gallery)
E the ... of ...
We Llse the + narnes \.vith ... of ... :
the Republic of Ireland the Bank of England
the Great Wall of China the To\ver of london
We say: the north / the south / the east / the west / the l11iddle (of.. .):
. I've been to the north of Italy but not to the south.
THE
[J 52J
the => uNln,68..71

...
..
,72.1
'.
...
."
'..
",
72.2
'\
...
...
....
...
...
'.
'.
..
....
,
...
EXERCISES
UNIT
72
These are geography questions. Choose your answer from the box. Sometimes you need The.
,- - . ..EL t  _  . f (  . : . i ,  , '.' , . .. .<-....
f!r.. .....!f "f.-r_..{ . .. _. -... .
:Io  "="",J 
. -:( . ... .:,' -' -.-':':;'
9 ' -'-' I!-'
,,- , . .
s',';". I --- L}'  5
.,._ "-,- r/ ''_<';_'._
:-)....L...=:/-.'1........-
/

--1;--- I . " -:! ,r.-'- _
-...- .-......,.- :-:."...::.--=:
1" oil ....:'"..
"::::-:._., ',";':.-';'>. .-;;... !..!/:<.."
7.  ..,3 ..' - ---"
:1....t.-:" . -.'I '.  .}
.J:',  . '..£J,... "oJ'"
12 :'.'X ;,-,':" . 5
-:-'-'--:" ;<?:':,<:.-f:.h \ ..., 
.<t-, ....
14 1 ...>. -'-"'''.- :-"'-4
\..,___ . J" .....::...
y.::::;...:..13 \.(-.,
8 .,/
, ..
r. _-;
\'1 /'
- r
"I; ;
6
2
,.
I:
'-.--v:.r---.
,,.."
d' _"' - ""h 1{ ".-" -
"";-:;11 \-il
/ =-(1" .
". ...1:----'
, 't.":: ",.-< 11
\.; -= ..'I(.'-'
".
,..
).._v-....I.r.:...
) \:.".>" 'ffi, 6
.,:';\ ' l; r':I-:';':
..;>J --...;:
'I.
.,
..,.
>,

4 .;.,.
--
,
" 1 0 (,-,,<
..r w
i _)r/:
:.1, ;. .
;
.. (,.
.
,
" -
..J ............:-.--: ". .r. ........ {'
- ."-:1
'\-.. .
:J:..'
1 ..&9................................................ is the capital of Egypt.
2 ..Th...A............................ is bct\7Ileen AiJ.-ica and AUlerica.
3 .......................................___.......___...._____. is a country in northern Europe.
4 .....................___.......___.....___.................... is a river in South Anlcrica.
5 .............___.....___...................................... is thc largest continent in the \-\iorld.
6 ..,..___........,......................................,...... is the largest ocean.
7 ........................,......................______...______ is a river in Europe.
8 ...................______...___......___...................... is a country in East Africa.
9 ..........___.....___......___.......................,........ is bet\vccn Can<Kb and Mexico.
10 ..___....___....,............................................. are 1l1ountains ill South Arnerica.
11 .............................................................. is the capitdl of Japan.
12 .............................................______..'..___... are 11101lntains in ccntral Europe.
13 ....................___....___.....______..................... is bet\vect1 Saudi Arabia and Africa.
14 .___........................................................., is an island in the Mediterranean.
15 ......,......................................___......______.. are a group of islands near Florida.
Alps
An1aZ()11
Andes
Asia
Atl.tnt-it:
Bahanl;ls
( ' .
....uro
Ke-nya
Malta
Pacific
Red Sea
R..hine
S \\'eden
Tokvo
J
United States
Put in the where necessary. If the sentence is already correct, write OK.
1 Kcvin lives in Ne\.vton Street. ..Q.......
2 We w'ent to see a play at National 'rheatrl. .......N..Th....
3 Have you ever been to China? .....___.........___........._........,.........".............____...,.._..........__.___.."..___....__..___.........___.....,..............
4 1-[ ave you ever heen to Philippines? ............ .............. ........... ........... .......... ........... ........... ...........' .......... ............' ...h___.. ,..___
5 Have you ever been to south of France? ..................---...................................................................................................
6 Can you tclllne \vhere Regal Cinelna is? ........................................................................................,..............___........m
7 Can you telline \,-..here Merrion Street is? ............................................................................................m.....'.........,.....
8 Can yOU tell nle \,vhere Mnseurn of Modern Art is? ......,..............................,....................................................m
J
9 Europe is bigger than Australia. ....." ..........., ..........., .....___...., ...___m.., .......", ......m............, .......... ............ ............ ..................
10 Belgi tun is slllallcr th.:ln 'Neth erlands. ...., ...------.., ....---...........---..., ........, , ,------.......---..... ..------.. ..------.... ...---......, .......... ........
11 Which rivcr is longer - Mississippi or Nile? ........................................................................._........................___....,..___..
12 J) id yOU g o to National Callerv \vhen von \vere in (.onoon? .....................................................................m.
J ..
13 'Where did yOU stay?' 'At Park) (,otcl in Hudson Road.' ..................m.........................................................
J .
14 Ho\v far is it fioln TrafaJgar Square to Victoria Station (in Loudon)? .......---................................................
15 Rockv Mountains c.tre in North Anlerica. ...........m....'....................,.....................'.....m....._____......________..________....___.....
J
16 Texas is EUlloUS for oil and co\.vboys. ................................................................................................................................
17 Panuna Canal joins Atlantic ()cean and Pacific lJ('ca ll. ....................................................................................
18 I hope to go to United States next year. .............................................................,..........................................................,
19 Mary conlCS fi-onl a slnall to\Vl1 in \vest of Ireland. .....................................................................:..........................,
20 Alan studied physics at .Manchester tJ niversity. .. ..........................................,...........................................................
[153]

UNIT
73
th is/that/these/those
A
this r-il1gul(/rj
Do you like
this picture?
these (plural)
These flowers
are for you.
 this
,
,
,
these
this picture
(= this picture hac)
these Ao\vers
(= these flovv'ers herc)
B
that r-inglllm) those (pluml)
Do you like Who <lre those
that picture? -, people? .)
.:\". r
_:-.
1: . ,; .  _ t.'IIIIII' {!. \' t ..,
\ . i 11 ,llli f.. P_ :!1 ,,;....c.. .._ 
'I\I;;, :l Uiirr --
that
those
that picture
(= that picture there)
those people
(= those people there)
We use this/that/these/those with d noun (this picture I that girl crc.) or rpithOlIf il nOU1/:
· This hotel is expensive but it's very nice.
· Who's that girl?' '1 don't kno\\r.'
. Do you like these shoes? I bought theln Jast \veC'k.
· Those apples look nice. Can I have one?
· This is a nice hotel but it's very expensive.
· 'Excuse lHe, is this your bag?' 'Oh yes, thank you.'
· Who's that? (= Who is that person?)
· Which shoes do vou like 1l10St? These or those?
J
llli t h a 1"1.0 HI"'
without a 1'101-11/.
C that = s0l11cthing that has happened:
· '1"111 sorry I forgot to phone you.' 'That's all right.'
· That \vas a rcally nice rnea!. Thank you vcry rnuch.
that = what SOlllcbody has just said:
. 'You're a teacher, aren't you?' 'Yes, that's right.'
· 'Martin has got a nevvjob.' 'l-Ias he? I didn't kno\v that.'
· '1'111 going on holiday next \vcck.' '()h. that's nice.'
o We llSC this is ... and.is that. .. ? 011 the telephone:
· Hello, this "is David. (this = the speaker)
· Is that Sarah? (that = the other person)
We use this is ... to introduce people:
· A: BriJ.n, this is Chris.
B: Hello, Chris - pleased to llleet you.
C: Hello.
1 1 54]
tIlls one / that one => mz:I
DAVID
LINDA
HRIl\N
CHI-US

....
EXERCISES
UNIT
73
,73.1 Complete the sentences. Use this/that/these/those + these words:
birds house plates postcards scat sl-1-6eS
1
L)o you like
these sl1oes?
Who lives in ......................
i
....
..
....
..
"
...
- 73.2 Write questions: Is this/that your... ? or Are these/those your 0.. ?
1 Is tI1is
.............-......---
. HQ.r--,M.?.--
2
3
",
6
...
4 5
 : ft (
'" .,r!i
'...
Ii. ..
 'T)
, -'. ' ..J
!w., '1" l fuIIIllI<: c .
.' . Ilil irltll.:j .
\
 "}
-;. 0_,...
-I \ _ _, '. .
. . I ..-:::=- r-'.::-.. .
'73.3 Complete the sentences with this is or that's or that.
\
1 A: rnl sorry l'nl1ate.
B: .Th.,_._ an right.
2 A: I can't COlne to the party tOlllOrrO\V.
B: ()h t ...................................... a I )i,tv. Why not?
, J
3 ((;11 tile telephone)
Sue: l-lel1o, Ann. ...................................... Suc.
Ann: ()h, heJ1o, Sue. Ilo\v arc you?
4 A: YOll're .lazv.
J
11.: ...................................... not true!
 
. ." ,.,.1i\I.I\ . ....,
-=I fttI . . "'. ';t,'"'' ;
l:\ . --,. , -., . I ,. " .,',
-' l: ' II I' " .,:. f ' . ::-r '-. ":
""' n . I I ,, 0 . -..., , ':', , \-
- ii'\ · . .. .
, . I\\ . - , .."ii;: \. l J:' " '. '.:.
..1 I \\ ...'-... .,) .....  t.... (!....
.. .': ..1\- .:..... /i:JJ 
:) A: J ill plays the piano vt'ry well.
B: Really? I didn t r kIlo"", ........................_____...._____ .
6 AIdrk nuxts Paul . sister (A 1/.l1j:
Paul,: Mark, ......._____......_______..___._ IllY sister, Ann.
Mark: [-IdIOt Ann.
7 A: 1'111 sorry] "vas al)gry yesterday.
B: .....................................' <.)1(. Forget it!
H A: Y(JU'rc.l friend of John's, aren't YOll?
B: Yes, ................................_..... right.
1 155 1

UNIT
74
A
one/ones
Would vou like ])ii' ?
Would Ol1 like i.tgJ1 ?
one = a/an... (a chocolate / an apple ere.)
. I need a pen. I lave you got one ? (one = a pen)
. A: Is there a bank near here?
B: Yes, there's one at the end of this street. (one = a bank)
B one and ones
one 6inlIlmj
Which one? = Which hat?
:;:p:i::e!f.lfi!£tgf.:'f::!
this one / that one
. Which car is yours? This one- or
that on? (= this car or that car)
the one ...
. A: Which hotel did YOLI stay at?
11: The one opposite the station.
the ... one
. I don't like the black coat but I like the
brown one.
. f)on't buy that camera. Buy the other
one.
a/an... one
. This cup is dirty. Can I have a clean
one?
. That biscuit vI/as nice. 1.'111 going to have
another one.
ones (pluml)
Which ones? = Which flowers?
:;H£!:f:t"¥#:te9!n11.!:m1:I
these/those (usually withollr 'ones'):
. Which flo\vers do you ,:vUlt? These or
those? (uor usually 'these ones/those ones')
the ones ...
. A: Which keys are yours?
B: The ones on the table.
the ... ones
. I don't like the red shoes bu t I like the
green ones.
. Don't buy those apples. Buy the other
ones.
some .. _ ones
. These cups are dirty. Can \ve have some
clean ones?
. My shoes are very old. ('Ill going to buy
SOlne new ones.
[156] 'which ... ? ==>  another ==>  this/that ete. => ma

'\,
...
.
EXERCISES
UNIT
74
. 74.1 A asks B some questions. Use the information in the box to write B's answers. Use one (not (a/an...') in
the answers.
....
B doesn't need a car
there's J chelllist in Milll:toad
B hasn't got a pen
B has just had a cup of coffee
B is o-oiJlrT to buv a bicvc1c
a a , J
13 hasn't got an lunbrelJa
..
1 A: Can you lend IHe a pen?
2 A: Would vou like to have a car?
,
3 A: Have you got a bicycle?
4 A: Can you lend tIle an lllnbreHa?
:J A: Would you like a cup of coffee?
6 A: Is there a Chell1ist near here?
13: 1'111 sorry, -.L-bY:nt..-9Q.t.,.Q.....
I J: N o J dOtl't .. ......... ...n....... ..__n_.... .______..... ____.n...'. ...n........ ............ ....
B: N (), 1111 t ..n...." .......... ............ .......... ..___n...... "___h..,. ___.___.__", '....n..... .....
B: 1'111 s()rry 11l1t n.. ....n...." ...n..... ............. .........." ...___0._.." ._____.__.., ...._.
13: No, thank YOLI. ------....----._....,.......................................n_n.......___.
13: Yes, ....... ......,.... _n....... _nn.." n____..'.. ..______.." ...__....,' .........."............... ......
....
...
,74.2 Complete the sentences. Use a/an... one. Use the words in the list.
better big clean different new old
1 'I.'his cup is dirty. Can I have ..._....9.... ?
,') ['111 going to selllllY car and buy '__m_......hh.....'.._____......,________....______.....___.__......__............_.................................._....._____......___
3 That's not a very good photograph but this is ...............'....m.....'______......_____.....______........_........n.................................___
, 4 1 \VHlt today's ne,vspapcr. This is .......,.............................................................n........m_......._______....___.__._........._..........,..........
:> This box is too sI11all. I need ..................................................................................................._m_......_______.....______.................._....
6 Why do Vv'C €lhvays go to the senne restaurant? Let's go to .....'..............._.................................__....__..,________...______..
"' 74.3 Use the information in the box to complete these conversations. Use one/ones.
,
the coat is black
the o'irl is tall \\fith long hair
b c
the hotel is oi"posite the st.ltio fl
the house has got a red door
the flov\I'ers are yello\v
[ took the photographs on the beach last \o\leek
the shoes are green
the pictures are Oll the \vall
the hooks arc on the top shelf
the ..nail has got a 1110ustachc and glasses
...
A: We stayed at a hotel.
B: wn........?
A: Th,.Q..pp;?.J:.__n__._.,
"
'.
2 A: Those shoes are nice.
11: . ........ .......,.. ..... _",. ......... ........". .......,.. ............ ........... ........ ?
A: ". ___..". ___...... _______.,. _______,. -------., , _________" ________..,.. _______... _______....
,
3 A: That's a nice house.
B: .... ........ .......... ......,.... .....,.... ......... ...........' .......,...... ............ ?
A,: ,... ......., .........' .._......, ...... \\fi tl1 .... .'"_''''' ..........., ..........." ,..
,
'.
4 A: 1 like that coat.
B: ,.___..,., _____.'" .._....". .____..,', ,___...",. ....._..., .........", .........." ...___ ?
A ., ..___..,. .......... .......... ............ .......... ........... ........... ............. ......
"
5 A: I like those pictures.
13: .....' ._....." .....__", .......", ...__.._". ..___...... ..-----.., .-..._.._..,. .-.___.__. ?
A: ....... .._.....". ..._...., ..----.." .-----.-.., ,._.___..,' ,-._____.,.. -------.... ...------., ,
,
6 A: Are those your books?
13: . .......... ........,.. ....._..,.. _____0...,.. _____...... .__......,.. ..........,. ........ ?
A.
.. . .. ........  . . . .............. . . . .. .oo.......... .. . . . .............. . . . ... __.... _.. . . - __ - - - - _. . . . .............. . . . . .............. . . . .
7 A: .Do YOLI kllO\\f that girl?
1): ........ ........ ..........,.. .._____.. ..________... .._.....',.. .......,.... .........,... ?
A: ......". .......,.. ............ ........... ........", ,.._____.", ______.._,. .........",....
8 A: Those flo\vers are beautiful.
B: ., ........., ......._.". .._______'. .____._.., ,.........", ._.......,... ........... ...... ?
A: ..... ........... .......... .........', ...__..."'. _______.." ._.___...", ........." .........
9 A: Who's that 111an?
B: ___.....,. _..___...... _._....... ............. ........... ........... ........... .._____.,. -:
A: . ........', .._......, ,..____...., .._.___..., ,_..__...," ........,... ............ ........',..
1.0 A: 11ave you seen lHY photographs?
B: ._.... ........... ....,...... ............ ......." ...__.._..... ________'.. _._____..," _.. ?
A: .....", ._......". .........'. ............ .......... ,......_." .____0....', ._..__.._" ,.._..
IIS7J

UNIT
75
A
B
c
D
some and any
SOITIC
Use sonlC in ]J(JsitilJC sentences:
. {'ill going to buy sonle cJothcs.
. There's sotne ice in the fi-idge.
. We did sotne exercises.
any and sotne in questions
In 1110St questions (but not all) \.ve llse any:
. Is there any ice in the fridge?
. I {as he got any fi-iellds?
. Do you need any help?
We nonnally use some (Hot any) vV'hen Vile (?{fcr
things (Would you like ... ?):
. A: Would yoU like some coffee?
J
B: Yes, please.
or \\Then \ve askJ(H' things (Can I have... ? etc.):
. A: C=an I have some soup, please?
B: Yes. Help yourself.
. A: Can yoi] lend Iue some ITIOney?
n: Sure. Hovr Blueh do you need?
any
Use any in lleatifJ(, sentences:
. I'nl not going to buy any clothes.
. There isnt any orange juice in the fi-idge.
. We dido t do any exercises.
 ? ....
.!" ." ..
" . ,..
[. ' 't; '.:s
j:;,-
M1 ,,  . "
':-::'. .'.:--
i ,', . it
I . ",'
.:..

Ji
  ''':':'1<:r,:':''
 ..:;>:<.,;,:.:..
"'::-:-:..
-.:.:,
. '.'
: .:-
, .,
ouUi HOlA like;
some coffee 7
,r-
.. \. 1(. ,
<:.,'& :¥ 1 .'ti
<' f '" (
t.:::: .
....... -
.... . .... "-
. .... ..
. . . ..
r 1.,. .'
\..: "-i:d;  '::'
 .:,.....:'::: , -  ...., ' e ,':r:{" . '.
".....' / .. " .'.'
. . . .
( ..... . .... ',.'.".'
. .:. ..:. ......:.. : . .
-... -............
. .  ... .. .
. - ... .. -. -
..... . ..........
«::::.':::.:.. ....
SOlTIC and any Wit/lOlit a n.oun
. I didn't take any photographs but Ann took sonle. (= SOBle photographs)
. You can have SOB1C coffee but I don't \vant any. (= any coffee)
. I've just 111ade SOllle coffee. WOllld you like sOlne? (= SOlne coffee)
. 'Where's your luggage?' '( haven't got any: (= any luggage)
. 'Are there any biscuits?' 'Yes, there are SOlTle in the kitchen.' (= S0J11C biscuit5)
anything / anybody ( or anyone)
. She didn't say anything.
. (didnt see anybody (or anyone).
. Arc you doing anything this evening?
. Where's Ann? Has anybody seen her?
[158] a and some => milD sOluebody/anything ete.=>-.zJ
sOll1ething / sotnebody (Of sOlneone)
. She said something.
. ] S,n....l sotnebody (or son1.eone).
. Would you like something to eat?
. Quick! SOlnebody's cODling.

...
....
- 75.1
....
....
"
....
....
"' 75.2
....
....
"
....
"'
"' 75.3
.....
....
"\
" 75.4
1
2
'. 3
4
5
(,
7
8
9
10
...
....
...
UNIT
EXERCISES
75
Put in some or any.
I I bought ,Q!:r:',__ cheese but I didn't blly_.!L.. bread.
2 ['nl going to the post oHice. I need ............... stJlnps.
3 There aren't ..............' shops in this part of to\VIl.
4 George' and Alice haven't got ............... chl1dren.
5 H3ve vou t!ot ............... brothers or sisters?
, ,
(j There are ..__....,______ beautitl11 Ho\vers in the g3rden.
/ ])0 you knovil .._...,........ good hotds in London?
H 'Would YOll like ............... te<lt 'Yes, please.'
9 When \\le \-\Tere 011 holiltlY, \ve visited ___..,_________ very interesting places.
10 ])on't huv .__.__..,._____ rice. We don't need ............... .
,
11 I \,\lent out to buy............... lllilk but they didn't have ............... in the hop.
12 rill thirst y. Can I have ............... "vatcr, please?
Complete the sentences. Use some or any + one of these words:
air cheese help letters
batteries friends languages ulilk
] I \vant to \,vash rny hair. Is there ..H.._hp.9__,.... ?
2 This evenin g I'rn g oin g to \\-rrite ..........."'...........,.................................."...__...,',..____.",....__.....
f.,. 4. '-_
3 I haven't got I1lY calnera, so I can't take ............................,................................................................ .
4 Do you speak ........................... f()reign ............____...........m..........__....,.............................................. ?
5 Yesterday evening I \\-rent to a restaurant \-vith ...__.._____.....____........__.....,...___.........__..............,........,........... of nUlle.
() Can I have ..__.._____...._____....______..._____........._..........__.....................__.......... in illY coffee, please?
7 The radio isn't \vorking. Thert' aren't ......,.................................,......................,....___........_____...._____ ill it.
S It's hot in this office. 1'111 going out f{)}- __........___......................__.. fi-esh ,...........................,.....................................,.., .
9 .Would you like ....,....._......____.....______.....________....______....________......?' "No, thank you. rvc had enongh to eat.'
l () 1 Gill do this job alone. I don't need .....,....................................,.................................................. .
photographs
sluunpoo
Complete the sentences. Use some or any.
1 Ann didn't t<lke .111Y photographs bu\ ...L*__g.___... (I I take)
2 'When.'s your luggage?' .J..11.Y...!?.99..H...__.' (I/not/have)
3 '[Jo you need any llloney?' 'No, thank YOll. ..............................................,.............______...._______.' (1/h.lve)
4 'Can YOll lend 111e SOlllC Inoney?' 'rnl sorry hut ..........................................................__....' (I/not/have)
j The tOll1c1toes ill the shop didn't look very good, so ......,..___....._______...________.....________..,.___._...... (II not/buy)
6 There vvere SOlllt' nice oranges in the shop, so ...............................................,..------.....------....-----.-......... (l/buy)
Put in something/somebody/anything/anybody.
She said ..,.9..... to 111e but] didn't understand it.
' WI ' )' '" rl ' .,
lat s \VrOIl2:. lerc s ..__.......__.._.__.....______....,__. 111 nlV evc.
L.P '" .J
1)0 yon kno\v ...__......________...______....______ about politics?
I \\lcnt to the shop but I didn't buy.............................,........ .
__......_....._,__._..,....__......... has broken the \\rindo"\v. r don't kno\v \\o'ho.
There isn't ...................................... in the bag. I es elllpty.
I'lulooking for Iny keys. H.IS ....m.....'....__......,..._.__..,.. secn thenl?
Would vou llke ..................._..........___..... to drink?
,
I didn't eat ....'..m....'..._m...'.._____..... because I \vasn't hUll g -Trv.
'- ,
This is a secret. Please dOll't tell .___.................................. .
[159]

UNIT'
,7,&
not + any
no
none
A
The car park is el11pry.
---------
T'hen: aren't an y cars } . 1 k
III t le car 1)ar ' .
There are no cars r-
Ho\' nlany cars are there in the car park?
None.
not (n't) + any
. There aren't any cars ill the car park.
. Sally and Steve haven't got any children.
. You Ccll1 have sOlne coffee but I don't vvant any.
no + nOlin (no cars / no garden ele.)
no ... = not + any or not + a:
. There are no cars in the car park. (= there aren't any cars)
. We've got no coffee. "(= \VC haven't got any coffee)
. It's a nice house but there's no garden. (= there isn't a garden)
We use no ... especially after have (got) and there is/are.
l1f..:eatitl(' IJ('rb + any = positilJC vcrb + no:
. They haven't got any children. or They've got no children.
(1101 'They haven't got no children')
. 'There isn't any sugar in your cotIee. or There's no sugar in your coffee.
B no and none
Use no + noun (no money / no children ('1e.):
. We've got no tllOney.
. Everything "vas l1J(. There \\lere no probletns.
Use nonc alone (without a noun):
. "Ho\v 1l111Ch Illoncy have you got?' 'None.' (= no Inoney)
. 'Were there any prohlerns?' 'N 0, none: (= no problenls)
C none and no-one
none = 0 (zero)
Nonc is .-111 .1l1s\ver for How nluch?/ How tnany? (thin},zs or people):
. "How nll1ch 1110ncy have you got?' 'None.' (= 110 lnoney)
. 'How Inany people did Y0111Ueet?' 'None.' (= no people)
no-one = nobody ( Unit 77)
No-one is an answer for Who?:
. 'Who did you tnect?' 'No-one.' (Of Nobody.)
[160]
uegdt.ivcs => mIl sottle :rnd an)'  &lJ anybody/uobody/nothing ete. =} UNITS7J-78

,
EXERCISES
UNIT
76
76.1 Write these sentences again with no.
...
....
'1 We havcn't got any Inoney.
2 There aren't any shops near here.
3 Carol hasn't O"ot any free tin Ie.
b ,
4 There isn't J light in this rOOIH.
Write these sentences again with any.
__w.f!.:.'!.... 9..... .C?......
Tllere J rc .., ........', ........." ......,.", ..........", ...--....., ....__.....,' ....__....", ...._....." ,--.__
5 We've got no 1110ncy.
6 There's no tea in the pot.
7 There are no buses today.
8 Tonl has got no brothers or sisters.
..W..Y.9g, .H, ,.,.:...
76.2 Put in no or any.
" 1 There's .,.__.. su g ar in your coffee.
.... I
2 My brother is llurried but he hasn't got __.......______ children.
3 Sue doesn't speak ...........m' fi)reign languages.
4 ('Ill afraid there's ..........._m coflee. Would you like SOB1C tea?
5 'Look at those birds!' Birds? Where? I Cln't see .._____.....___ birds.'
6 ' D . k h ] "..., ' N I , " d '
) a you nO\\l \\f ere ane IS( 0, ve got ..._____....... 1 ea.
...
.....
...
76.3
.....
,
...
...
76.4
...
'.
"
....
Put in no, any or none.
7 There aren't ..................... pictures on the \vall.
R The \veather \vas cold but there \\'as ..................... \vind.
9 [\\lJntcd to buy sOlne oranges but they didn't have __.......___m...... in the shop.
1 () Fverything \vas correct. l'herc \\'ere ___...,..____._...... Illlstakes.
1 I 'Hov...., lIlllCh luggage have you got?' ..................... .
12 'Ho\v IHllch luggage have you got?' '( h<lvcn't got ---......----........ .'
Compiete the sentences. Use any or no + one of these words:
answer difference film friends furniture heating money
photographs problems questions
1 Everything \:vas OK. There \-vere ..,...p.!'P...__ .
2 They \vallt to go on holiday but they've got ......m.................................................................... .
3- 1'111 not going to ans\,ver ..._____...................................'........m..................,... .
4 I-Ie's lhvays alone. He's got ..'.......m....'..._____........______.......m........................... .
5 There is ______....................................m__.......___......__... betvveen these t\\lO Inachines. They're exactly the sallIC.
6 There \vasn't ..........................._m...._______......m...'...................... in the 1'00111. [t \vas c0l11plete1y el11pty.
7 I tried to phone you yesterday but there Vv'ClS ...........mm........_........___._.....____......_______......_u___.... .
8 'The house is cold because there isn't .....,.........m........m__........_____...,.__.___..,..___.........m__ .
9 I can't t.lke ,..______..................................,..............._____...' . There's ....,............................................................... in the C3111era.
Write short answers (one or two words) to these questions. Use none where necessary,
1 Ho\\' rilany letters did you \\-'rite yesterday? ....T.:.....qR.,..A..:.....QR....N.."'...m..""'.__m...,'........."...
2 1--10\\'" THany sisters have you got? .,. ............. ............ .............. ........, , ...m.... ..._m....' ...-----.... ..-----... ,..--------,. .----------. ..-------" ....-----
3 Ho\v llluch coffee did you drink yesterday? .....m__.....mm........___.....____........__m__.....m__.......m__.........._..................um..
4 Ho\v ulany photographs have you taken today? ........._____....__m_.....m__.......................................................................
5 H OVV 1113 ny legs has a snake go t? '" ............ ....m.........._____... ..._______. .....m... ............. ........... ........... ............ ............ ........... .........
[161 ]

UNIT
77
A
B
not + anybody/anyone/anything
nobody/no-one/nothing
not + anybody/anyone
nobody/no-one
(for people) ..
rr I U!I  :'- ]
J!/ -. '  r
-., .",,/,,,,«", :: .:-' ""
ir- ,/ .  " 
 ,' '  ,, ""'- . -
l"l . / j?' L........_ ',. ........ ,_.
. ... . . _ -.;. .-=- .  .:::..",:;::::/1>
- . - -"'.. . - ,'. ,:'-q ,
 . ..'.'  ,.:." ' 1 '\=
 . ", .  . .,;;::.=-- ,"": 1 ' , : '-:=;:)."-
h )'" .',: '.'.'. . "" ..
. JC..' ':'.1 ,:". U '.'  nh,.I,,:
. There isn't { anybody } in the roonl.
anyone
.. I ' ] . { nObOdY } . J
. lcrc IS 111 t Ie rOOI11.
no-one
. A: Who is in the rOOln?
B: Nobody. / No-one.
anybody = anyone nobody = no-one
(-body and -one are the sa In c)
not + anything
nothing
(for thiugs)
"J';
1",:-/;-  
-" ."
/": '''', " /.
(". " , , '. ':?
(_1,:...' r
I \..., V - I
 ""'6-;Y  1 \i' jf J . I '
:x.r  ': ,,t tJd...
. '\ /,'. - ,\ ,; \'-!L-b::...____
1 , : . :.' \...'  --------
.. . -' - ------ -
. '." i
- . .l-
I ':. ..,.""..j..--
"';"-- .-
,, .-- 11f
. There isn't anything in the bag.
. There is nothing in the bag.
. A: What's in the bag?
B: Nothing.
not + anybody/anyone
. I don't kno\\7 anybody ( or anyone) here.
nobody = not + anybody
no-one = not + anyone
. r nl lonely. I've got nobody to talk to.
(= I havc-n't got anybody)
. The louse is e1l1pty. There is no-one in it.
(= There isn't anyone in it.)
not + anything
. [Gln')t relllenlber anything.
nothing = not + anything
. She saicl nothing.
(= She didn't SdY anything.)
. There's nothing to cat.
(= There isn't anything to cat.)
C You can use nobody/no-one/nothing at the beginning of a sentence or alone (to ans\.ver a
question) :
. The house is enlpty: Nobody lives there. . Nothing happened.
(not · Anybody livcs there') (not' Anything happened')
. 'Who did you speak to?' 'No-one.' . 'What did you say?' 'Nothing.'
D H...eluelnber: nCJ:atirJc lJab + anybody / anyone/ anything
positil}(' lJeriJ + nobody /no-one/nothing
. He doesn't kIlO\\' anything. (uot 'lie doesn't kno\\7 nothing')
. Don't tell anybody. (n,ot '[)on't tell nobody')
. There is nothing to do in this to\vn. (not 'l'hcrc isn't nothing')
[162] some and any =>  any aud no => Bill sOlucbod)'/anything/nowhere etc. => I!mIIZ]

...
....
77.1
...
...
, 77.2
...
"
'\
77.3
...
...
"
,
'\
....,
77.4
...
...
...
'.
...
....
...
...
UNIT
EXERCISES
77
Write these sentences again wittl nobody/no-one or nothing.
1 There isn't anything ill the bag. ..Th..9.9,..........
2 There isn't anvbodv in the otlicc. There's ............,...._.....,.._..........m._........___.___..._____........__......,.....__.................
J J
3 I haven't got anything to do. r ................,...----........------..,.------.....------.......-----......------.....--------.....------.......------...
4 '"I'h ere isn't a nything on TV ...... ......__...... '.m_____... ...-----... .----..-.....----....., ..----..... .------..... ...------... ....-----.... ...----....
5 'I 'here \.vasn't anyone at bOlT1e. --.....,..----.-......-------......----............................,.......,..........................................----.....
() We (lidll't fi n.d a nytl1 i 11g. __..... .............. ............ .......,..... .....,... ............ .........,.. .........".. .......,..... ............. .........
Write these sentences again wittl anybody/anyone or anything.
1 There's nothing in the bag. ..TI:!...,J..!:t9......--,-:'...
2 There \vas nobody on the bus. There \vasn't --......______......____......._____......____......._____.........____......,.._____........-----...
3 J ' vc got 11 0 thing to rca d. .. ....--..... ,....--..... ..---------. ...-----..... ....-.... ....--........ ,........... ........,.. ..---........ ".--..... .....----.....
4 I've got no-one to help 111e. ....------......-----.....,--------........................................................................................--.......,
5 S I) C I} ca rd 110 thing. ," .-----..."... .-.--...".. .........".. ......".. .......,.... ........... ............ ............ .........,.. ............ ........"
() We've go t 110 tllill g for (Ii n rl cr. ,,____......, ,...__...... .............. ........... ............ ............ ........... ........... ............ ............ .............
Answer these questions with nobody/no-one or nothing.
1 a What did VOll say? ..J9..... :>a
.' J
2a \Vho savv VOll? .__,NQ9.4H.....
J
3a What do you \VUlt? __.................................................
43. Who did YOll tneet? ..................___..........._.....__________..
Who knovv's the ans\ver? m_..................,...........,..
()a Whlt did you buy? .______....._____.........______......______......
7a What happened? ................__.........................__......,...
8a Who \vas late? .............................................................
Now answer the same questions with full sentences.
Use nobody/no-one/nothing or anybody/anyone/anything.
1 b ..!...g!.1:J..?..H9...... 5b
2b ...Ng4!1......,...... 6b
3b I (.:iOll't ..__....,______.________.__...___...,'......."..................,............,.." 711
411 J ..." .___..,. ______.. ....__.." ,.......,.. ......... ........" .........,. ......_...,. ________...,. 8b
..... ..__...... ........... ............ ........... ............. ........ tll e alls\.ver.
Complete the sentences. Use nobody/no-one/nothing/anybodY/anyone/anything.
1 That house is CJ1lpty. .NQ49..... lives there.
2 Jack has a had nlclllory He can't relneulber ...H#:1.9.... .
3 Be qu iet! DOll't say......... ............ ........... ............., .
4 I didn't kIlO\\T about thc 111ceting. ...............__.......,..................... told (ne.
.:) 'What did vou have to eat?' '............................................... I \:vasn't hun g 'Trv.'
_  J
6 1 didn't eat .____....,.................................... . [ \\Tasn't hungry.
7 J ennv \-vas sittine: alone. She wasn't \vith ...----........--............................. .
.." L"
R I'n1 afraid [ can't help you. There's .............................................. I can do.
9 I dOIl't kno\\! ...,............._.___......___............... abou t car engines.
10 The J11USeUI11 is free. It doesn't cost ....................................,..__.___. to go in.
11 I heard a knock on the door but \-vhen I opened it there \vas ..__..................................__...... there.
12 She spoke very fast. I lidn't understand .............................................. .
1 ") ' WI t . d . tl ' .;:>" WI ,
,) 'la are you olng liS evenIng. .............................................. . 1)'=-
14 Helen has g one .n-vav. .............................................. kno\vs vvherc shc is. She didn't ten
'- J
.................,.................--......._. \vhere she \-vas e:oin g .
. L" L
[163]

UNIT
78
somebody/anything/nowhere etc.
A
?
.
?
?
.
. .
 '"'' "
,.'. ....".' I '
.  - . -'..
SOl1:1ebody (or sOlueone)
has broken the \vindo\v.
? e ?
LONDON
? ? ?
She has got sOl1:1ething ill
her rnol1th.
Ton) lives sOll1ewhere near
London.
somebody / someone = a
person but we dOH 'I knot-/) who
son'lething = a th.ing but rllc
don'( know what
sOlnewhere = il1 /10 a place but
we don't know where
B people (-body or -one)
sorncbody or someone
anybody Of anyone
nobody or no-one
. There is son1ebody (or someone) in the garden.
. [s there anybody (or anyone) ill the garden?
. l'hcrc isn't anybody (Of anyone) in the garden.
. There is nobody (orno-one) in the garden.
-body and -one are the satne: sotnebody = SOl1:1eOne, nobody = no-one etc.
thill,f!.s (-thing)
sOlnething
anything
nothing
. She said sotnething but] didn't understand her.
. Are you doing anything at the w'eekend?
. ] "vas angry but I didn't say anything.
. 'What did you say?' 'N othing.'
plmTs (-where)
sotnewhere
anywhere
nowhere
. They live sotnewhere in the south of England.
. l)id YOli go anywhere interesting fi)J" your holidays?
. 1'111 staying hcre. ['ill not going anywhere.
. ] don't 1ikc this to\.VIl. There is nowhere to go.
C sOlnething/anybody ctc. + ajccti1JC (big/cheap/inte-resting eft.)
. l)id YOll 11lCet anybody interesting at the party?
. We ahvays go to the sall1C place. Let's go sOll1ewhere different.
. 'What's that Jetter?' 'It's nothing important.'
D something/ anybody ctc. + to ...
. 1'n1 hungry. I \\.7ant sOlnething to eat. (= sonlething that I eUl cat)
. l--:le hasn't got anybody to talk to. (= anybody that he can talk to)
. 'There is nowhere to go in this to\\1J1. (= novlhere 'vl/here people can go)
some ,md any =>  any and no => mI:.I anybody/nothing ete. => I!DD
l164j every thing/ -body / -\vhere => I!I:!ID

""\
""
...
.... 78.1
.....
...
.......
EXERCISES
UNIT
78
Put in somebody (or someone) / something / somewhere.
1
She said ..9.,.g.:...
I'\le lost ,.....................,.........,........,.,..
They \.vent .....................................___......
['111 going to phone .......................,...--.....,---------..
What did she say?
What have you lost?
Where did they go?
Who are you going to phone?
')
....,
3
4
..... 78.2 Put in nobody (or no-one) / nothing / nowhere.
.....
.......
"'"
....
.....
....,.78.3
-..
"""
.....
......
"'"
.......
......
" 78.4
.....
"\
....
.....
....
....
:--....
Lt
23
3a
4a
What did you say?
Where arc you going?
What do vou \\TJJlt?

Who arc you looking for?
,...g.......
Now answer the same questions with full sentences. Use not + anybody/anything/anywhere.
1 b .,!.--,..:?0:-H..H.9,........" ,......... .........." ,......... 3 h ,..-.---." ,...--...., ,........" ,.......... ,........... ............ ............ ........... .......
2 b 1'111 110t .. ......,.. .____... ..____..,.. ..n...... ........... .......,... ........... ...____. 4 b ," .......,... ...............,...... .......,... ......,,'.. .........'.. .........,:. .....--".. .----
Put in somebody/anything/nowhere etc.
1 It's dark. I can't see .H9...., .
2 TOlll lives __?......... near London.
3 Do you kno\\' ,....................,...___....._____........................ about C0l11putcrs?
4 . Listen!' 'What? I can't hear .............................................._........._____. .'
5 ' Wi J' h i' ' I ' ". £:. ,
. lat arc YOll uOlllg ere. 111 \Vl1tll1g lor .............................................................. .
6 Please listen carefully. There's ......__......._______........................................ I \vant to tell you.
7 . f)i d.... ,......... ........ ,........, .._____.. ...___..... .......... see th e accidcn t?' , No, __..... ....__..... ...n...... ,........... ........... .......... .'
8 We \veren't hungry, so \ve clion't cat .--.....------.....,.......................................... .
9 'Wh.lt's going to happen?' 'I don't kno\v. .......................................................___.... knO\ls.'
10 T)o you kno\\T ...............___........__.................................. in London?' 'Yes, a fe,,\' people.'
11 'WhJt's in tht cupboard?' '............................................._____.........__.. It's enlpry.'
12 rIn looking fi)r lHY glasses. I cJn't find then1 .............................................................. .
13 I don't like cold vveather. I \VUlt to live _............................................................. vVdrlll.
14 Is there ......................................___..................... interesting on television tonight?
15 Have you ever Inet ............................,.______......_____............... faluous?
Co mplete the sentences. Choose from Box A and Box B.
A
B
drink
read
do
play
.sol11cthing
sOlllevvherc
anything
anyvvhere
nothing
nowhere
eat
slt
ge
stay
,
%.nl can use th.ese words more than once.
1 We don't go out very Bluch because there's ...nQn....9q... .
2 There isn't auy food in the house. We haven't got ............................,.............-...-.....-----........-----.....-- .
3 ['Ill bored. I've got .......................------...................................,............ .
4- 'Why are YOli standing?' 'Because there isn't ...............----.....-----.........--................,.................... .'
5 'Would you like .............______.......................................................... ?' 'Yes, please - a glass of orange juice.'
6 All the hotels \vere full. There \-vas ....................................--....................................... .
7 [\;t,.rant ................................______,...................................... . 1'111 going to buy a luagJzine.
H C hildre n need ....... ...____... ....-....... ........... ............. ........, .......-.-..... .
[1651

UNIT
79
A
every and all
every
-F= 
ro  m ? n
md I   
(. II
Every house in the street is the SlIlle.
every house in the strcet = all the houses
in the street
Wc use every + sin}ular noun (every house / every country de.):
. Alice has been to every country in Europe.
. Every SUt111ner ve hlvc a holiday by the sea.
. She looks different every time I see her.
Use a singular Ferh after every... :
. Every house in the street is the sallle. (not 'are the saIne')
. Every country has a national flag. (nof 'have')
COI11pare every and all:
. Every student ill the class passed the
exalT).
. Every country has a national flag.
. AI1 the studcnts in the class passed the
exanl.
. All countries have a natiollcll flag.
B every day and al1 day
every day = 011 all days:
11.OUJ often?
I SN 1 + 1 MN 1+1 1E 1+1 w:o 111HR I + +I S:1 1
EVERY DAY
. A: Ho\v often do you read a nevvspapcr?
B: Every day.
. Bill \vatches 'rv fin' about t\.vo hours
every evening. (= 011 aU evenings)
also every n10rning/ night/ sutnlT1cr de.
al1 day = the cOll1plete day:
Beginning
) the day
holt, long?
ALL DAY
End of
the day
. The \\leather vvas bad yesterday. 1t rained
all day.
. I \,vas tired after \-\lark yesterday, so I
\;vatched TV all evening. (= the cOlllplete
evening)
also all nlorl1ing/night/sunlnlcr de.
everybody or everyone
(people)
everything
(things)
everywhere
(places)
C everybody (or everyone) / everything / everywhere
. Everybody (or Everyone) needs fi-iends. (= all people
need &iends)
. Have you got everything YOll need? (= all the things
you need)
. I've lost 111Y \vatch. I've looked everywhere for it.
(= I've looked in all places)
Use a sin}ular vcrb after everybody / everyone/ everything:
. Everybody has problen1s. (not 'Everybody have')
[166] «III => EIiII!J

'I.
"
79.1
...
,
79.2
...
...
.. 79.3
'.
..
"
"
79.4'
"
,
,
79.5
,
...
\,
UNIT
EXERCISES
79
Complete the sentences. Use every + one of these words:
day roon1 s-tHdent: titne word
1 ..f:;Y!1......, in the class passed the exanl.
2 My J . ob is very boring. ..______.....___........___..,................................ is the salne_
., ... " .......
3 Kate is a very good tennis player. When \ve play, she \vins ._..,....._.........,.____.....'..m_........____........._._ .
4- ...................................,..______....___........___ in the hotel has a private hathrool1l.
5 'Did you underst.and \\That she said?' 'Most of it but not .............................................................. .'
Complete the sentences with every day or all day.
1 Yesterday it rained .....:.....
2 I huy a Ile\vspapcr ..........._....,.______......_____...,....... but sOluetirl1es I don't read it.
3 I'In not going out tOlnOITO\,\'. I'll be at hOlllC .............,..............,.........,..--... .
4- I usually drink about fi>lll' cups of cofFee .............................................. .
5 PauIa \vas in yesterday, so she stayed in bed ..................,......-.......------....--- .
6 Last year \-ve \\"-Cllt to the seaside for a \"eek and it rained ..---........--.........-----.......---....,.. .
7 ]'111 tired llOV\." because I've been \vorking hard ..........---................................. .
Put in every or all.
1 Bill \vatches TV for about t\\lO hours ..X.H.... evening.
2 Darbara gets up at 6.30 __....______.....____.. 111orning.
3 The \veather \\lelS nice yest.erday, so vvre sat in the gelrdcn ._____..__.________..__ afternoon.
4- 1'111 going a\vay 011 Monday_ I'll be avvay ..,......._..........__ \veek.
5 'I lo\v often do YOtI go skiing?' ..............______..., year. Usually in March.'
6 A: Were you at hornc at 10 o'clock yesterday?
B: Yes, r \vas ;rt hOllle .._____....,..___.,.... lllorning. I \-vent out after lunch.
7 Mv sister likes cars. She bU ) Ts a ne\v one ..........-.......,.... vear.
, '
8 r sa\-v Jack at the party. Ill' \VasH't very friendly. He didn't speak to nle ....................... evening.
9 We go 1\vay on holiday for t\:ro or three '\leeks ..................,.... SU111111Cr.
Put in everybody/everything/everywhere.
1 .Y.HP4Y...... Ileeds friends.
2 C:hris kllo\\.rs .........................................................__... about cOlnputers.
3 l1ike the people here. ..__........______......_____.......____...................... is very friendly.
4 This is a nice hot.el. It's cOlufortab1c and .....,..._._..__....________.____..______.__.._____......_____ is very clean.
S Kevin never uses his car. ] Ie goes ...__......,.______.__.....___.....,...._____.........__...... by lllotor-bike.
6 Let's have dinner. ...........__........______......___....,...__.........,...... is hungry.
7 Sue's hOl1se is full of books. There are books ...........................,............,...........,...-..... .
8 You arc right. ...___._____.___......._____................................. you SelY IS true.
Put in a verb (one word).
1 Everybody .......___ problelns.
2 Arc vou readv vet? Ever ) Tboo y ......"'........."'...__....."..._. \:vaitill g for vou.
,J J oJ' - 
3 The house is elupty. Everyone ......________....______.............. gone ant.
4 George is very popular. Everybody ......_______......................... hinl.
5 This to\vn is cOJnp1ctdy different. Everything ...................................... changed.
G T ellTived honle very late. I Gune in quietly because everyone .....,...........,...._..........__._. asleep.
7 Everybody ...........................______..... nllstakes!
1.167J

UNIT'
80


all


most


some


A COlllparc:
children/lnoney/books ete (in general):
. Childrelllike playing. (= children in general)
. Money isn't evcrything. (= 1110ney in
general)
. ] enjoy reading books.
. Everybody needs friends.


any


no/none


the children / the lHoney / these books ele.:
. Where are the children? (= our dllidren)
. I \V
Ult to buy c\ car but I haven't got the
Illoney. (= the uloney for a car)
. Have vou read these books?
,
.] often go out \vith 11'1Y friends.


B tnost/illost of ... , son'lc/ some of ... de.


rnostfsorne de. + 110Ull:


all
n'lost
some
any
no


cities
ef children
books
money


most of/some of elc. + thefthisfn1.Y ... etc.


all
IllOst
some
any
none


(of)


the ...
this/ that ...
these/those.. .
my fyour _ _ _ etr.


.--".",<- -
-', ('d: \.....11..
\ . . ( \ ... 1,1

,.;
 /....

 ,>"
::;:. ...... (, \.. '1
-i C"'.... ,;."
 { /
:-_' r....
 -:' \


of


.. --I


all Inost sOlne
. Most children like playing. (= childrcn
in general)
. I don't. \V
ult any 111.0ney.
. Son1.e books are better than others.
. He's got no friends.
. All cities have the saIne problerns.
(= cities ill general)
Do not llse of in these sentences:
. Most people drive too £1St. (not 'Most of
people')
. Son1e birds can't fly. (not 'S0I11C of birds')


[I]


any no f nonc f not + any
. Most of the children at this school are
under 11 years old.
. r don't \¥ant any of this n1.oney.
. Some of these books are very old.
. None oftny friends live near nlC.
We say all the... / all Iny ... etc. (usually
\vithout of):
. All the students in our class passed th e
exaill.
. Silvia has lived in London all her life.


C all of it / IllOSt of thetTI / none of us ('(e.
. You can have son'lc of this cakc but not all of it.
. A: f)o you knoVv' those people?
B: Most of them, but not aU of them.
. Some of us are going out tonight. Why don't you con1C \vith llS?
. I've got a lot of books but I haven't read any of them.
. 'Ho\
v 11lany of these books have YOll read?' 'None of them.'


all it
tTIost then1.
some of
us
any YOll
none


the... (children / the ('hildren etc.) :::::} I!IIiII SOlne and any ===> I!miIi:J no/none/any =>

r 1 681 aU and ev
ry => I!mIIllI




EXERCISES
UNIT
80
Complete the sentences. Use the word in brackets (some/most etc.). Sometimes you need of (some of /
most of etc.).
1 ._MQ..__.. children like- playing. (1nost)
2 __?...f.... this nloney is yours. (S0I11C)
3 ___....___......................___... people never stop talking. (saIne)
4 ___..,._____..............___.....____ the shops in the city centre dose at 6.30. (nlost)
:; You can change YOllr l11one)' in ........__.......................___,. banks. (1110st)
6 I don't like ...................__......._____..... the pictures in the living rOOl11. (any)
7 f-Ic\ lost .............,._____...______.....___. his llloney. (Jl1)
R ...__......................___..._____ rny friends are 1l1arried. (none)
<} L)o YOll kno\v _______.............................., the people in this photograph? (any)
10 ..................._____...______..... birds can fly. (nlost)
11 I enjoyed ______........,....................... the filtn but I didn't like the cnding. (rHost)
12 ...................______.....___..... sports are very dangerous. (S 0 111 c)
13 Wc elll't find an)l"\vhcre to stay. ....................................__ the hotels are full. (all)
14 You 111lISt have ............_.___...,..___............ this cheese. It's delicious. (sonle)
15 The \veathcr \vas bad v..,hen \ve \vere on holiday. It rained ..........................______...... the tin1c. (l1H)St)
,
Look at the pictures and answer the questions. Use ali/most/some/none + of them I of it.
"
If*1 tit
ttittit
flitf
345
**** *
**t ..niilf jftf
* *  j t
 * +, **tf
* *    \ **
,
1 2
\
1 J 10\\7 {nany of the people are vv'OIl1en?
2 ] ]O\V InallY of the boxes'are on the table?
3 Ho\V lllany of the rnen are \"\Tearing hats?
4 Ho\v Incll1Y of the windovlls are open?
5 ] :10\\' 111a11Y of the people are standing?
6 Ho\iI,' Illuch of the 11l0ney is Ben's?
...t.Qf..._..___..
,
'\
Rig ht or wrong? Correc t the sentences that are wrong. Write OKif the sentence is correct.
I I Nlost of children) like playing. ..P..M!.......
2 All the students £1iled the eXaI11. ...9J5..............................
3 Sonle of pcop Ie \\fork too hard. _...._______...,............ ............................---..... ...m.... ,..______......._____.......____.....m__........____.... ........
4 SOU1C of questions in the exun \vere very easy. ......................__........____......mm.....um...........__..................................
5 I haven't. seen any of those people before. ...........___._......___._.....um.......__...............................................................,.......
6 All of i 1) se ets lla\le six 1 egs. --..,... ............. ......... ..........., ..---.--...... ..-----..... .--.....,. ........... ........................ ...................,... ........" ......
7 I lave you read aU these books? ...,............... ....___........________.............................................................___m....,........ ...-.-.........---.
8 I\J1ost of students in olir class are very nice. _.......nm..............................................................___m.....___.___....----.........---.
<) Most of lIlY fricnds are going to the party_ ---.......------.......-----...................................................-----...,...-..--....------....------
10 1'111 very tired this 1110rning -.I \vas l\vake 1T10St of night. ..............,...........,...................---.......-.-........----......---.
'.
,
...
\
1169J

UNIT
81
both
either
neither
A We use both/either/neither to talk about two things or people:
+
ri}J
o
lor
?
a
both
either
neither (not -\- either)
. Itosernary has t\,VO children. Both arc 111arried. (Both = the t\\IO childrn)
. Would you like tea or coffee? You can have either. (= tea or coftee)
. A: Do you 'want to go to the cinelna or the theatre?
B: Neither. I V"rant to stay at hOllle. (Neither = not the cinenla or the theatre)
COlllparc either and ne-ither:
{ 'Either. I don't Inind.' (= te,1 or coRee)
W ] I l ' k  -" ' I d ' . h ' ( ' I .J' - I '
.. on ( yOll 1 'e tea or COllee: on t \vant ed er. IJot UOll t want IH:.":1t 1tT )
'Neither.' (= twl tea or coffee)
B both/either/neither -\- noun
both -\- pluml: both windows/books/children Cle.
either -\- singular: ei ther } window /book/ child ctc.
neither neither
. Last year I \\rent to Paris and R..OlT1e. I liked both cities vcry I1lueh.
. First I \vorkcd in an oHice, and later in a shop. Neither job \vas vcry interesting.
. There are l\vO \,vays fro111 here to the stat.ion. You C:1I1 go either way.
C both of ... / either of... / neither of . . .
. Neither of illY parents is English.
. I haven't read either of these hooks.

" Q
-' "
/tY' I " \'
Jjf'
1
I 
,-
 ,
tJ I J I
, . " 
".., !,'I'=
both the. _.
either of these / those ...
neither my / your / Ann's... elc.
You can say both (of) the ... / both (of) those ... /
both (of) my ... etc. (I../lith Of 'without of):
. I like both of those pictures. or (like both those pictures.
. Both of Ann's sisters are Inarricd. or Both Ann s sisters arc lllarried.
.,---------
"
D both of theln / neither of us efc.
both thetn
either of us
neither you
. Ann has got t\VO sisters. Both of theln are Iuarried.
. Torn and 1 didn't eat anything. Neither of us was hungry.
. Who are thosc t\vn pc()p1c?J don't kno\v either of them.
[170] I can't either! neither can I ==> mil

EXERCISES
UNIT
81
81.1 Put in both/either/neither. Use of where necessary.
1 I..ast yen- I \,\/nt to Paris and R.OBle. I liked ....Q... cities very 11luch.
2 'rhere were t\VO pictures on the \vall. I didn't like ....9f..... theln.
" It \vas a good t()otblll 1Hatch. ___...,.........,.................... tcan1S played \,vell.
4 It wasn't a good fi)otbal1 Illat.ch. ...................................... tcanl played "veil.
:1 'Is your friend English or Arnerican?' '...............................___..... She's Australian.'
6 We \vcnt avvav for t\vo da ) TS but the \\rc£lther \.vasn't g ooeL It rained on ...................................... davs.
, ... 
7 A: I hought nvo nev\.rspapers. Which one do you "vant?
B: ...____............................... . It doesn't lllatter \vhich one.
f) I invired Dian:l and Mike to the party but .................___......,..___...... thenl carHe.
9 'L)o you go to \\,'ork by CJr or by bus?' ......,..____....,..________......____.. I J.hvays \-valk.'
10 'Which jacket do you prefer, this one or that one?' 'I don't like ...................................... thenl.'
11 'Do you \.vorl or are YOll a student?' .._........______.........______..,..__. I've got ajob and I study too.'
12 Paula and I didll't kno\v the tirnc because ______...._______.........___.....,... us had a vvatch.
13 Ann has got t\\70 sisters and a brother. _____....._____........___............ sisters are ll1arried.
14 Ann has got t\vo sisters and :1 brother. I've tnet her brother but I haven't nlct .....--.....,....--..........---......
her sisters.
81.2 Complete the sentences for the pictures. Use Both... and Neither... .
1
2
6 ANSWER
"
7+5 I3
7+6 = 16
1 _____#:1..,,P.... e111pty.
2 ......... ......, , ........" ..____.. ._____..." ...n....'.. ....,..... ....,.,.., .... are () l")Cll.
3 ..,.............___...,..___........................................... \",'caring a hat.
4 ...", ....._..",. ..____..,. .________.,. ______...,.. _______.,... ..____...'" carll era s.
5 ....,...___.................................................... to the airport.
() ....... ........... ............ ........... ............ ............ .......,.......... righ t.
81.3 A man and a woman answered some questions. Their answers were the same. Write sentences with
Both/Neither of them... .
I Are YOll l11arricd?
2 HO\\T old are vou?
J
3 Are you a student?
4 I lave you got a car?
5 Where do Vall live?
J
(> Do you like cooking?
7 Can you play the piano?
R I)o you rcad ne\,\'spapers?
e  'o--';j:';
.--. :
""J.,-;: 'L-=
 
No
21
Yes
No
London
Yes
No
Yes
9 Arc yon interested in sport? No
:: 1 ...,...f.#:1...b"?...r:.....
: 2 ...q.,pf_,__.__?J....____.
No
21
Yes
No
London
Yes
No
Yes
______., ...______.., .._____.... ,.....___.., ,..__..__.."..._ stu dents.
: 3
4
5
(-)
7
8
.... . . ......... . . ......... .. .......... .. .......... .. .. ........ .. .. .... a ca r.
No
9 _.... ._____....., n_____..'" ..____...,'.. .___..."". n_...."" ..__.....,'. n_...
[171J

UNIT
82
A
a lot
much
many
a lot of books
not n"lany books
We use lHany + plum/norm:
l11any books / many people etc.:
. f)id you buy tTIauy hooks?
. We don't kno\\' n"lany people.
. How' many photographs did you take?
. A: l)id you take any photographs?
B: ] took SOllle but not rnany.
We use a lot of + alllypcs (2fnoun:
. We bought a lot of food.
. Paula hasn't got a lot offi'ee time.
Note that \ve S3.y:
. T'here is a lot offood/n1.oney/water n.
(sinJ?uldf rJab)
. We bought a lot of books.
. I>id they ask you a lot of questions?
. There arc a lot of trees/ shops/people. . .
(pluml verb)
. A lot of people speak English. (not 'speaks')
B We llse much in questions and negative s.entences, but rwt usually in positive sentences:
. I)o you drink n1.uch coffee / a lot of coffee?
. I dont drink l11.l1ch coffee / a lot of coffee.
but . 1 drink a lot of coffee. (not 'I drink Inuch coffee.')
. 'I)o you drink llluch coHee?' 'Yes, a lot.' (rwt 'rlluch')
We use l11.any and a lot of in c.llI types of sentences:
. (-.hive you got many friends / a lot of friends?
. We haven't got many friends / a lot of friends.
. We've got lllany friends / a lot of friends.
c
1172]
.-::.. 
- 
....  
(i:"-,=;:
ntI
a lot of money
not n1.uch llloney
We use l11.uch + lHJ.rormtablc IlOun:
luuch food / tuuch money elc.:
. l)id YOll buy lunch food?
. We have,n't got lnnch luggage.
. HOVi.l tnuch n"loney do you \:vant?
. A: I bve you got any money?
B: I've got SOllle but not n1.l1ch.
11:1uch and a lot l/Jitlwuf .-1 noun
. 1 )iane spoke to rne but she didn't say llluch.
. T)o you \vJ.tch TV lllucht 'No, not l11.uch.' (= not onen)
. We like filnls, so "\ve go to the cinenJa a lot. (not' IllllCh' - See section B)
. 1 don tt like hinl very n1.uch.
countable/uncountable => UNITS 6&-67

...
. 82.1
...
...
,
...
...
EXERCISES
UNIT
82
Put in much or many.
1 Did YOli buy .... fi)od?
2 There aren't ....m......__.....___ hotels in this to\vn.
3 We haven't got ..m.......___....,... petrol.
4 Were there ...m.......___....... people on the train?
5 D . I d  " I } "'")
 1( m.'.______......_____ stu ents tal t le exanunatlon 
6 Paula hasn't got ....................... Inoney.
7 I \vasn't very hungry. I didn't eat ....................... _
8 I haven't seen George tor ....................... years.
Put in Ho,w much or How many.
9 ............m...............m....'..---.....-----....,.... people arc cOIning to the party?
10 ......................m......___..,.._____.................. nlllk do you \VHlt in YOllr coffee?
11 ...........,....__...._____.,................................. bread did YOli buy?
12 ......m..'...__.....___.....;m.........................m players are there in a footban tcalll?
82.2 Complete the sentences. Use much or many with one of these words:
...
"
'.
boek-s countries luggage people titne times
I don't read vcry 11luch. I haven't got ...fr.H__P...__... .
2 Quick! We nUlst hurry. We haven't got ... ___.........__.....................................,..................m....'............ .
J 1)0 you travel a Lot? I lave you been to .............................................mm...m__.......___:___.....__............. ?
4 Tina hasn't lived here very long, so shc doesn't kno\v .________................m..........m...............,.................................... .
5 'Have YOll got ..'m......______......m.....................,...................___......,..____.......__?' 'No, only this bag.'
6 I kr)O\V Paris vcrv \veil. I've been there ...______.......__........................................................m........_____... .
J
82.3 Complete the sentences with a lot of + one of these:
"
'"
...
... 82.4
'.
...
"
accidents Deol{s fun interesting things traffic
I I like reading. [ have ....t..9.f..g.....
2 We enjoyed our visit to the 111USCUll1. We sa\'l .....................................m...........m.........................................................
3 This road is very dangerous. There arc ........m............m.....__..................,............................................................................
4 We enjoyed our holiday. We had ...."..........,..........."...m....."................................,..........'........., "...m..... ,.__m....., ,..........,......
5 It took lllC a long titHe to drive here. There "\vas ................................m.......mm................m.......................................
In some of these sentences much is not natural. Change the sentences or write OK
1 Do vou drink 111uch coffee? ...Q...........................
J
2 I drink nuch te£) ......Pf......
3 It \\las el cold \'linter. We held 1l1uch sno"7 . ......................m.....................................
4 l"hcre \.\lasn't tln.Kh sno\o\I last \vinter. mm...m............................................__....
5 It costs l11ueh 1110nev to travel around the \lvorid. .m..........m.............................................
,
6 We had a cheap holiday. It didn't cost llluch .
7 Do you kno\\7 11l11ch about COITlputers?
B '11dve you got any luggage?' 'Yes, rnuch .'
82.5 Write sentences about these people. Use much and a lot.
'"
'"
'"
...
1 Jilll loves ftlnls. (go to the cinelna)
2 Linda thinks TV is boring. (\vatch i'V)
3 Tina is a good tcnnis player. (play tennis)
4 Martin doesn't like driving. (use his car)
5 Paul spends rnost of the tiD1C at honle. (go out)
6 Sue has be-en a11 over the \'lorld. (travel)
...H.. ,g..., ,... .., ,:..... .............. .......
S'-'e Me5t\)t wo..tcl1 TV mu.cl1.
___... ...___aa., .aa..........,.. ............... ............ ............ ............. ............. .........O'
S lle .......... ............. ........". ............ ........,... .......".. .____...". __......,
He . ........." ........., , ......,..". ...__...., ..____..... ...____....,' ..__......, ..........,
1173)

UNIT
83
A
B
c
o
( a) I i tt Ie
( a) few
a little water
(a) little + uncountable noun:
(a) little water (a) little rnoney
(a) littl titue (a) little soup
a few books
(a) few + plural nOlln:
(a) few books (a) few questions
(a) few people (a) few days
a little = S0l11e but not 1l1l1ch:
. She didn't eat anything but she drank
a little water.
. I speak a little Spanish. (= S0l11C Spanish
but not nllH:h)
· A: Can you speak Spanish?
B: A little.
a few = SOlllC hut not luany:
· Last night I \vrote a few letters.
· We're going }\:vay for a few days.
· 1 spcak a few words of Spanish.
· A: Are there any shops in the village?
13: Yes, a few.
)(little (llJitilOlit a) = nearly no ... or nearly
nothing:
. There ,,"as little food in the fridge. It \\"as
nearly elllpty.
You can say very little:
· Dan is very thin because he cats very
little. (= nearly nothing)
/ few (ulithout a) = nearly no ... :
· There \ovcre few people in the park. It
\vas nearly el11pty
You can say very few:
· Your En g lish is very correct. YOll Jllake
.... 
very few mistakes.
little and a little:
a little is a positillf idea:
. They have a little lnoney, so they're not
poor. (= they have sonle IHoney)
X little is a ncgative idea:
. They have little 1110ney. T'hey arc very
poor. (= nearly no 11lOIlCY)
11741 countablc/uncoulH:ablc =? UNITS 66-67
few and a few:
a few is a positillC idea:
· I've got a few friends, so I'nl not lonely.
(= I've got SOine friends)
\few is a n(gatill(' idea:
I'l11 sad and 1'111 londy. 1 'vc got few
friends. (= nearly no fi'iends)

-,
-."
_ 83.1
....
-
-..
-.. 83.2
-...
-
-....
-
-
-- 83.3
--.
-.
--
--
83.4
-...
-
-
........
83.5
-'
........
--
....
EXERCISES
UNIT
83
Answer the questions with a little or a few.
1 'Have- VOll TOl an\-, [HOnev?' 'Yes, ..,J.__. .'
J b <II J
2 'Have yOll got any envelopes?' 'Yes, ..........m...........___.....,..... .'.
3 ' ] , - t.T , , 1 '
 .0 vou \vant SU2:ar III VOUf couee:' es, .................___.......m......'. , P ease.
.J  I' J .
4 'l)id YOtI take airy photographs \\rbcn YOLl \\7ere on holiday?' 'Yes, __....._______....,._____......,...... -'
5 'l)oe-s yonr friend speak English?" 'Yes, ...................................... .'
( ' A I f ".. I . ?" '\T '
) re t lCJT any actoncs 111 t llS to\vn. ICS, '..mm.......m.........___....... .
,
Put in a little or a few + one of these words:
air chairs days friends letters Inilk Russian tilnes
I Last night I \vrote .......,.... to Iny f.1nliJy and fi'iends.
2 (:3n I have ............................................................................................. in IllY coffee, please?
3 'When did J ul i.1 go a\vay?' . ...... .......... ............. ......,...... ............ ............. .......... .......... ...... ago.'
4 '))0 YOll speJk .lny fi)ITign languages?' 'I can spL'<lk .............................................................m............______......__m .'
C ' A . I ?' ' N 1 " . . h '
) , rc you gOIng out a OIlC. 0, III gOIng \.vIt ,...______...'.m_....'..._m........__.............,..................................___..
6 'Have you ever been to H.__Gllle?' 'Yes, .___................'.....m__........___......______...,_.______......__m................ .'
7 There \-vasIl't (Duch furniture in the roonl- just a table and ..m.....'..............________....____m'.'....__m....'................. .
H I'IlI going out for a \valk. I need .........................,......................,...... fresh .......................................,........_...,.. .
Complete the sentences. Use very little or very few + one of these words:
coffee hotels tuistaJres. people rain tinlc work
1 Your En g lish is very uood. You Illake .XH.....-... .
..... .. b
2 I drink ___.............,......'....m.................m.........m........m................... " I don't like it..
3 The \veather here is very dry in SUIllIllCL There is ._.........................................................m.........__.___......._____..., .
4 It's difficult to find a pbce to stay in this to\vn. Therc arc ..................,......................................................._______.. .
5 We n lust h II rry. We've gOl .......... ..........., ........." ..........", ............. ............ ...m...' .....m...' .
6 The to\VIl is very quiet at night. ....,....................................................................................... go out.
7 S0J11C pcople ill the ofTice are very la1:Y, They do __......______......____....'....m.....................................................,.._ .
Put in little / a little / few / a few.
I There \vas .,.___ food in the fridge. It \vas nearly eiupty.
2 ' WI d . d S I ? , ..
lell 1 ara I go ont. ...................................... l1unutes ago.
3 I e1l1't dccide I)O\V. I need .______.....________...._________..__. tinlC' to think .tbout it.
4 There \vas ...................................... traffic, so \.ve arrived earlier than \\7e expected.
5 The bus servi.ce isn't very good at night - there are ...................................... buses after 9 o'clock.
6 'Would you likc sonlC soup?' 'Yes, ...onon........___.................. , please.'
7 I'd likc to pr<1Ctise Iny English Illore but r have .......m.m......m............... opportunity.
Right or wrong? Correct the sentence s where necessary. Write OKif the sentence is correct.
1 We're going l\vay (fiJr rcv\'. d'Y.0 11ext \,\leek. __:&?r............
2 Everybody nceds little luck. ____......m_m...'........................................................,
, ,
3 I call't talk to you no\v - I've got fe\v things to do.
4 I eat very little ineat - I don't like it very IUllch.
5 Excuse iHe, can I ask YOll fc\\! questions?
6 There \:vcre Little people on thc bus - it \\!as nCclrly eIl1pty. ..................................................,...............____......__
........
-.. [ 175]
-..

UNIT
84 old/nice/interesting etc. (adjectives)
A aqjcclilJC + 110lIH (nice day / blue eyes ctc)
adjatiLJc + nOl,m
I ' .
ts a nIce
Laura has got brown
There's a verv old
,
1)0 YOll like Italian
I don tt speak any foreign
There are S0I11<: beautiful yellow
..

day today.
eyes.
bridge in this vinage.
food?
languages.
flowers in the garden.
The adjective is bfore the noun:
. They live in cl tnodern house. (not 'a house I110dern")
. Have you ll1Ct any fan10us people? (n,ot 'people fatl1ous')
The ending of an adjective is ahvays the san1C:
cl different place different places (Hot 'dilTerents t )
B be (anI/is/was de.) + m[jecti1Jc
. The \veather is nice today.
. These flo\.vers are very beautiful.
. Are YOll cold? Shall I close the \.vindo\v?
. r'rn hungry. C:an [ have sOluething to eat?
. The filn1 wasn't very good. It was boring.
. Please be quiet. 1'111 reading.
C look/feel/sn1ell/taste/sound + adject;'J£!
(
. 'You look tired.' 'Yes, I feel tired.'
. C;eorgc told tne about his nC'\\7 job. It sounds very interesting.
. Don't cook that IHe-at. It doesn't stTIell good.
Conlpare:
.
IS
He feels tired.
looks
are
They look Atnerican.
sound
IS
It snIells good.
tastes
[176] get + cH.!jectivc (get hungry/tired etc.) => mD soulCthing/anybody 1- adjecrive => 

- 84.3 Wr ite sentences for the pictures. Choose from Box A and Box B.
A .. + B
....... fecl(s) look(s) sound(s) happy
look(s) slllel1(s) taste(s) horrihle
-
-.
-
- 84.1
.......
-
84.2
-
-
-
-.
-
-
.......
..........
-
..........
--.

--...,
---.
84.4
--
...........
-
-

-
-.
EXERCISES
UNIT
84
Put the words in the right order.
I (nc\\' / live in / house / they / a) ..Th__.Y,........b_«!.-,___.,
2 Oike / jacket / I / that / green) J ............................................................................................______....,________...,.._______....._______.
3 (n1l1sic / like / do / classical/you?) 1)0 .................................................................................______.......________.....________. ?
4 (had / \\70nderful / a / I / holiday) ...........'....m............................................................................................___........._______..
5 (,.vent to / restaurant / a / Chinese / \ve) m.___........____......._m.......m.....................................................................______..
The words in the box are adjectives (black/foreign etc.) or nouns (air/job etc.). Use an adjective and a
noun to complete each sentence.
an-
black
clouds
da Ilgcrous
f(-)-r-etJ-1
fi-csh
holiday
hot
sharp
,"vater
joh
knife
la-n gu ages
1011 0 -
;::,
1 1)0 YOll speak any ..-br..9.M...-- ?
2 Look at those .........m.........._........__........_____..._________..._______......________......_____. It's going to rain.
3 Sue \\7orks very hard and she's very tired. Sht' needs a ..._____....______,....______......______......______..,..______....,._.______........__..... .
4 [\vant to have a bat.h but there's no ...............................,...........................................................__ .
5 Can YOLI open tht' \\7indovv? We need SOB1C ............................,................................................................ .
6 I net'd a ............................................m......_.m.......__........__.__......_______ to cut these onions.
7 Fire- figh ti n g is .-1 . u__... .._._____.. ___._____.. ..______.. _________.... ..______.... _________... ....____.... .0__ .
ilJ
.
tHCe
surprised
n C\\1
You u4ug.pp_, .u:uu;,) ,uuuu":umuuuummuu J
a r1 ru : 
R\ >  / I, \" '4
......:,.
A and B don't agree. Complete B's sentences. Use the word in brackets (.. .).
B
Do I? I ..49...M.tk,.,.....
Is it? It.......... ......,....... ....,.... ......,..... ........... ............. ........... ......... .......
Arc )ro l1? V() i1 .. ............ ........... ............ .......,... ............. .......... .........
D() I? J ... ............., ....__....... .........,. .......... ........,... ............ ........... .........
Arc th cy? Th cy ___..... '..._m..' '..m......._m__...' ..m..... ............ ..........
Docs it? It ._....,' ..n_._...., ...__.._.,' ,..____..., ..____....,' ..__....." ............ .........
1
2
3
4
5
6
You look tired.
This is a nevv T coat.
I
1'111 fullerican.
You look cold.
These bags are heavy.
That soup looks good.
(fed)
(look)
(sound)
(feel)
(look)
(taste)
[1771

UNIT
85,
A
B
c
o
r 17H J
-
---.
quickly/badly/suddenly etc. (adverbs)
..--...
----.
7.10
7-12
7. }5
r'\
--
'\ - 
y-. 
 0
'"

lie .It..: his dinner very quickly.
Quickly and suddenly are adverbs.
Suddenly the shclftdl dOvvn.
,
.-.
adj('(til'C + -Iy  alhJCrh:
'lff.jCCfilfC
{/ dvcrb
quick
quickly
bad. suddcn careful
badly suddenly carefuJIy
easy  easily heavy  heavily
r--.
hea\,y
heavily
',-
de
Sp{'llirg (==> Appendix 5):
--.
Adverbs tell you how sOlnething happens or IWlI'
sOlllebody docs SOlllC'l.hing:
. The train stopped suddenly.
. 1 opened the door slowly.
. Please listen carefully_
. [ understand you perfectly.
COIn pare:

-'"
---
.
aj('(tive (==> Unit 84)
. Sue is very quiet.
. Be careful!
. It \vas a bad garne.
. I feel nervous. (= I ;,1111 nervous)
adverb
. Sue speaks very quietly. (not 'speaks very quiet')
. Listen carefully! (r/.Of "listen careful')
. Our tean1 played badly. (not 'played bad')
· J waited nervously_
..-,
...........
.....-.
-,
hard fast late early
J'hese v\/on.i.s are adjectives and adverbs:

. Sue'sjob is vcry hard.
. Ben is a fast runner.
. The bus was late/early.
. Sue works very hard. (Hot 'hardly')
. Ben can run fast.
· I went to bed late/early.

...........
good .(a4jatillc)  well (adl J crb)
. Your English is very good.
. I t \laS a good gatne.
,.-...
. You speak English very well. (rwi 'very good')
. Our teal}} played welL
'"
But well is also an {ufjcai'lJc (= not ill, in good hecllth):
. .How are von?' 'I'm very wen, thank vou. And vou?'
" oJ ./ ]
'"
--..
<H,ljecli vcs => &D
-......
--

......
.....
"'"
EXERCISES
UNIT
85
.... 85.1
Look at the pictures and complete the sentences with one of these adverbs:
......
angrily
badly
dangerously
fast
heavily
quietly
5
()
/, \
<",))
( ,.. 
 
.    ".:-.,::
( '

'"
......
-
.....
......
1 I , .'.' J1ea.V ilti
. , t s raBlIng .................:.
2 f-Ie sings vcry ....................................,....................'....m
3 They caine in ..............................................,.................
4 She shouted at nlC ........................______.............................
5 She Cell) run very ........................,..__......._____......................
6 He \-vas driving ........................,..............________.....__m..........
85.2 Choose a verb (Box A) + an adverb (Box B) to complete the sentences.
.....
A
.......
corne
explain
krlO\7I/
listen
sleep
think
+ B
\\fln
\vork
circfu t1y
carefully
cl early
,
easily
hard
quickly
\,vdl
\.vell
-..
1 rill going to tell you sOinething very iinportant, so please .....%.... .
2 Ann! [ need your help. .........................................................................m.!
3 They .......__......_....______.....___......___......______......___.......m... . At the end of the day they're ahvays tired.
4 I'ln tired this lTIOrllin g . I didn't __.___....________,.._______......_____.........m.......................... last night.
. <.
J You 'n: a Hluch better tennis player than Ine. When \,ve play. you ahvays ..............................________...._____.... .
6 ...................'........m........m....'..____......__................ before YOLI ans\ver the question.
7 I've Illet Alice a fe\\' tiules but I don't ____......._____...._______....,...__.. her very .................................._____ .
8 ()ur teacher isn't very good. SOll1etinles he doesn't __....,.....___.....______........ things very ..........___.....,.._________..._ .
......
-..
.......
85.3 Which is right?
"""
......
1 Don't cat so quick/quickly . It's not good for you. quickll is right
2 Why are you clIlgrv/angr !J.y? I haven't done anything.
3 Call YOll speak slo\\l / slo\..vly , please?
4 COI1K' 011, Dave! Why arc YOll ahvays so sIow'/slo\vly ?
5 Bill is a very careful! carefully driver.
6 Jane is studying hard/hardly I<.)r her exarllinations.
7 'Where's Diane?' 'She \\'as here but she left sudden/suddenJ)l .'
8 Please be quiet/quietly . 1'111 studying.
9 Son1c cOlllpanies pay their \vorkcrs very bad/badly .
10 Those oranges look nice/nicely . Can [ have one?
.....
......
..... 85.4
Put in good or well.
1 "Your English is very .9QQ4... . You speak English very __....
2 Jackie did very............... in her exaIllS.
3 The party \\'3S very ............... . I enjoyed it very llluch.
4 Martin has a difficult job but he does it ............... .
5 I--:[o\v arC' your parents? Arc they............... ?
() l)id you have a............... holid.ay? Was the '\leather ............... ?
.....
1 1 79]
....

UNIT
86
old/older
expensive/more expensive
A

[
_4MD
t; - {r:  ,
. - ,-
;-' .i..i..".
"{<";':"Ii. t;'::r-' '-" '
'>'1: f;'j;' \ !<.:5i' J ,--:;. 
_ ! l'(" }.."J;l :l  1 f.  ',
ri"iir - '.::)..-"J 1.,."Vo:\.  '. m
J.,',i' '..; 'i . J,';".' .J
f i /" .:.: ;. ... ':':! :1. ., , . .:. t.
... '.:- y; ,,_\>. G'.' i
,; \,,:, '-;£1,,:,,;,t>:_.:_., ':.". .- ,.  .
.. -. .'1(''' t.:!,..' " - '.  . .w:
. .-..Iz'......:. .......:._... EJ- J. _......"""":-.:.":'- I
old
older
heavy
heavier
expenSIve
.
more expenSIve
Older / heavier 1 l110re expensive arc comjJaralirJC [orlns.
'The cOlnparative is -er (older) or Illore ... llTIOre expensive).
B -er (older Iheavier rfc.)
Short \\lords (1 syllablt') -7 -er:
old -7 older slow -7 slo\ver
nice  nicer late  later
cheap  cheaper
big -7 bigger
SJwllill;{t (===> Appendix 5): big -7 bigger
Words ending in -y -7 -ier:
hot -7 hotter
thin -7 thinner
easy  easier
heavy -7 heavier
early -7 earlier
. RaIne is old but Athens is older. (not 'nlore old')
. Is it cheaper to go by car or by train? (not 'nl0re cheap')
. )-Iden \VUltS a bigger car.
. This coat is ()K but) think the other one is nicer.
. ] )on't vI/rite a letter. It's easier to phone. (not 'nlorc easy')
far  further:
. 'Hovv' [u. is it to the station? A 111i1c?' 'No, it's further. About tv\,'o Illiles.'
c
more ...
Long \.\lords (2/314 syILtb1cs)  nlore ... :
careful -7 l110re careful polite  Inore polite
expensive -7 n'lore expensive intert'sting  1110re interesting
. You HUlst be n'lore careful.
. I don't like nlY job. I \V,ll1t to do sOluething nlore interesting.
. Is it n'lore expensive to go by car or by train?
D good/well  better bad -7 worse
. The \\leather \iasll'l very good yesterday but it's better today.
. ',Do you fcel better today?' 'No, r feel worse.'
. Which is worse - a headache or a toothache?
[180 J
older tlmn ... / lnore lxpcnsive than .. _ ===>  the oldest / the lTIOst expensive => &D

'.
EXERCISES
UNIT
86
86.1 Look at the p'ictures and write the comparative (older I more interesting etc.).
"
,
'\
86.2
,
...
86.3
-,
'\
, 8&,,4
'.
'.
'.
,
1
2
heavy
11 ea.vier
big
4
 : 'i G (f) _r_--'
'   
 , ;
, ,-
i' IL
 'J:'(""i.r.[\ )t / ]
 r I 11  -  ' A\ /  R \..;................
:\ .1:: I v, II rv ""'""-
..  I I  I
' \. ' '',. "4,,....
_ "'\o.:'...--- . 9/.......
" "I" l..\' , 
.
cxpenSlve
high
Write the comparative.
1 old ..g...
2 str() 11 g ..." ._____.. .._____..,. ..___...,' ..___...,. ..__...... .........,... ..............
" 11appy' _.." ..____.., ...._..'" .......... .......... .......... ...........' ..._....." ....
4 1110d ertl . ......', on__..".. .-....". ..--....,. - ..--.-.,.. .----..." ..----...." -----
S llnpo rtan t .,.. ..___... ..______., ._______., .____.._." ..-----.., , ....___...,.......
Write the opposite.
1 YOllnger ...9...___...
2 co 1l1.e r . ..._....,. .....-.,. ..----..,. ..----... ..-----..... ------..".. ----.....,.. .--.. -."
3 cll ealJcr -..,' ...-----, ,----....,. ..---..." ..----.." .........,... ........... ...........
3
torl:oi6e
I
snail
t
-

, ' .
...:: ,

. ...
slo\v
dangcrolls
6 go ad ....,... __...'" ..__.__..'" ..____..,,' ..____...." ..____....... .______.".. .___._...
7 1a rge .. . . . ....... . . . ......... . . ......... . . . .... _... . , , , .. __ __... , , . . __ _ __ __. , , ... __ _... . , .
8 scrl () 11S ..--..., , .........'" ........... '............ ........... ............ .........".
9 prett.y ,..___.__." .._____..., ..______.... ..______" ..._____..., ......_...." ........."..
1 0 croy.vded ..... ......... ............ ...____..... .____.__.... .__...._..... _______......
4 11 ctter ___....,. ______..., .._.__....". ..__.....,. ...__..."'. ..__....."... .____..,......
5 11 e a rer .....". .._____..,.. .___.__.,.. ________., ..______...... .__......,.. .........,'...__
() eas 1 er ......... .......".. ........", ..._.....,'. .______..,. .______...... ________.,' ..____
Complete the sentences. Use a comparative.
1 I-Ielen's car isn't very big. She \:vants a ...g_,__.__ one.
2 My job isn't very iuteresting. I \.vUlt to do sOlnething .Qr--9..... .
3 You're not very talL Your brother is ............................................................................. .
4 David doesn't vlork very hard. I \:vork .....__........____.........m_..........__........._.,..................... .
5 My chair isn't very cOlllfortablc. Yours is .. _m........_.mm......mm.....'___........m........m........... _
6 Your plan isn't very good. My pIan is _........__............_______...,..____.__....___........____.._...._____... .
7 These flo\\Tcrs aren't very nice. The blue ones are ....____......._____.......__.__....._____........____.....m__m.......___ .
S My bag isn't very heavy. Your bag is .................................................................___......___ .
9 I , t ' t t d - t I , . 1 . t
. 111 no very 111 eres e 1n ar. 111 ............................................................................. In lIS orv.
. J 
10 It isn't very \\TanH todav. It \:vas .............__........_____m.......mm.......mm.....m........___. vcstcrda v .
"J ,/ "J
11 These tOlnatoes don't taste very good. The other ones tasted ._..m.....___._......m............_................................. .
12 Britain isn't very big. France is ...m_m....m___.._......_______......______......______...._.______,.... .
13 London isn't very 1cJutifu1. Paris is .......______......._____........_____......._______.....___......_____._.... .
14 This knife isn't very sh.lrp. Have YOll got a ______.....________...'..___m...._____....,_______......__.___...._________ one?
15 People today arcn't very polite. In the past they \7v T ere ....___.......___......._____.....___.........____.._.....________....__.m. .
(1Rll

UNIT
87"
older than...
more expensive than...
A
o '\,C,e S 0
" \. ( \,I?,('
/), e.\.. {o(\'
..// y.-\O '{e
«l?} \>..ci\r:-\
 /...:" '1} \.
/' 'I «,oj(O y...c\e-
_______ / \ ('  \. J.
./ .' ,/ \j{ ?>-\ '(\0 .
\t)4 \;:,
The Europa Hotd is more expensive than the Grand.

She's taller than hirn.
We use than after cOlnparativcs (older than... / tllOre expensive than... ete):
. Athens is older than R..OIllC.
. Are oranges 11l0re expensive than bananas?
. It's easier to phone than to \vrite a letter.
. '(-hwv arc you today?' 'Not bad. Better than yesterday.'
. The restaur.lIlt is t110re crowded than usua1.
B We say: than Ine / than hin1 / than her / than us / than then1.. You can say:
. I can run faster than him. or (can run faster than he can.
. You are .1 better singer than Ine. or You arc a bctrer singer than I .nll.
. 1 got up carlier than her. or ] got up earlier than she did.
c
more/less than ...
. A: 110\\/ Llluch did your shoes cost? £30?
B: No, nlore than that. (= more than {:30)
. The fihn \vas very short -less than an hour.
. They've got more .-noney than they nced.
. You go out Inore than 1l1C.
35
MORE THAN 30
30
LESS THAN 30
1.5
D a hit older / tlluch older ete.

..'
JQ)
c
. , .
'  .,
1:;:r 
\iij J)
Box A is a. bit bigger hall Box B.
Box C is l1'luch bigger than Box l).
. Canada is fnnch bigger than France.
. Jill is a bit older than Glry - she's 25 and he's
24..K
. The hotel \vas Illnch ltlore expet:lsive than I
expected.
. You go out l1'luch l1'lore than nle.
bigger
a bit older
better tha n ...
I11l1ch 1) lore diffic LIlt
lllore expensIve
[ 182]
old -7 older; expensive -) lnore expcnsive => ImIiIIiI not as (old) as ==:> mIJ

.......
.......,
EXERCISES
'""' 87.1 Write sentences about Liz and Ben. Use than.
.......
-..
-.
.......
-
---,
-
-
.......
87.2
........
-
"""'
---
---
"""" 87.3
"'"",
'""'
.......
-
""
.......
--..
I ['In 26.
2 I'nI not a very good s\.vinuner.
3 1'111 1 111etre 68 tall.
4 I start \\Tork at 8 0' clock.
=> J don't \vork vcrv hard.
I
(, I haven't got rnuch I1loney.
7 I'HI a very good driver.
H 1'111 not very patient.
<) rill not a very good dancer.
10 ]' [11 very intelligent.
I t I speak Frerich very "ven.
12 I don't go to the cinenla very Jnuch.


Y 1?i  r,'I:'
.1.C .
I,'
r/\'
BEN
LIZ
'I rn124.
2 {'HI a very good s\:vinllner.
3 1'1)1 'I llIetre 63 tall.
4 I start \vork at R.30.
5 I 'Nork very hard.
6 ['ve got a lot of rnoney.
7 ['nl Hot a vcry good driver.
B I'ln very paticnt.
9 1'111 a good dancer.
10 1'11] not very intelligent.
1 1 I don't speak Frt'llch very \vell.
12 I go to the cincllla a lot.
1 .._____.,#!.___.......,
2 Ben is a, better swimmer tI1o..n Liz.
3
4
7 Liz is a .,,'...____...,....._...".._n...............,..................................,
8 Bell, .......",. ..__....,. ..____..., ..______.... .______..,. ..______..".. ........." .........
f) I  e 1.1 ....... .. . ....... . . . ........ , , ........ . , , , ........ . , , .... __ __.. , . . .. __ __ __... , .... __.... ,
1 0 Liz ...._....,.. .......... ...................... ............. .........,.. .........., ..______...
' 11 1
.iz ..____... .________" ...____..,,' .______",. ........", ..........,'.. ............ ...........
12 Bell ___.... .______.... ......__... ______..., ...__........ ._n_.....'.. ............ ,...........
l.iz is ...... .......... ......... ......... ....,..' ........... ............ .......,.. ........'
I iz starts ......................__......____......___.........__........_ Ben.
S [3 CIl .____.., ______,.. ______.,. ..__..... ..__..... ........,. ...._....,. ........... ........".
6 Bell lIas got ....................................h................,.........."..
Complete the sentences. Use than.
1 He iSH't very tllL YOll r.....#1....:......JQR.....,..tJ,...).__
2 SJ1 e iStl't \TC r)'r () ld. Y()ll're.. ..........., ,........." ,.......", ..........", .........., .......,.... ........... .......... ............ ......., , ............' ....___.__.. ..______....__
3 r d () lI't \vork very hard. Yo u \vork __.. ,...__...... _____..__.. ..______.... __..___.... ...__...... .m...... ...m..... ......... ................ ........... ...............
4 He doesn't watch TV very Illuch. You ..............................m...................___......______...,________.....___._.......m.......................
5 rill not a very good cook. 'You __.........___....,...........................m................................................................_.........._________._____
6 We dOll't knO',\7 luany people. YOll .........,...............m....."'..__.........___....______..............."..._.....,..................................".......
7 They haven't got nlch rnoney. You ..........................................m......'..___.......______....________.._________.....____..........................
I
H J call't rtlll '7er}' [1st. Y()ll can ............................................................................., ,........, ..........."'..___..__..________..,......_..............
<..) She hasll't been here very long. Yl>u ......m.........m.........m................................................................m.........._____.............
10 They didn't get up very early. You .........___.......___.____....______......____........___.......m........................................................__......
11 He \Vasll't very su rpriscd. Yo u ......... ............ .....,....... ............. ...m.... ..............______...._.___........._..... '..m...... ........,.... ..............
Complete the sentences with a bit or much + a comparative (olderlbeller etc.).
1 Jill is 25. Gary is 24.
,..J.._,...,...P...#?...,....
2 Jack's Jllother is 54. I-lis father is 69.
Ja ck's tl1 oth er ....... ............ .......... ........... ............ ........... ......,...... ............. ........... ......".,. ........', .........", ...___..... ______.__, ...___....,',. ........... ........
3 My Cll1]tT.l cost £'100. Yours cost £96.
M.)l carll e ra . ..._.... ..____...., ______..., ..______.,' ...______.,' ..______..... .______..., .._______..,. _______...,.. .n_...".. ........, , ......,.... ............ ........... h.......". ..........,.. .___. __,
4 Yesterday I felt terrible. Today I feel ()I{.
I feel __, ...__..." ...__..., .........., ........., .........,. ............. .......... .............. .........." ........., , .........", ........", ..______", ..____..... -----...., , .........., , ............. ...........
5 Today the teluperature is 12 degrees. Yesterday it \vas ten degrees.
It's ....., ........., ........... ......... .....,..... .......' , .........", ........,.', ........,.,. ...........'. ............ ........... ........... .........., .........", ........" ..........., ,..______." ..._....., .....
6 Ann is an excellent tennis player. I'nl not very good.
AIlil .... .......... ......,... ......., ........,... .......". ..._....,' ....-.....,.. ,----....". ._.__.....,. ...__._...., ..........,. .......", ............ .......,..... .......,.. ........". ....._..." ....____.. __ .___
UNIT
87
[1 H3]

UNIT
.88
not as ... as
A
not as ... as
)
-
.,"
.
.. "<:.',""/:n;
_.;.,lI"V'" ."J'f.6s.f
IC ';/
. .,.fki ' ; 't., "..:.";!
- . (. .t-: . i:'.i.
""r. ." 1"",1 . t....it.it..
: ; , '.r .':!....<f....t
"\ \: .... . I..'-:?,,i" .;,:'""
. .  ' ( " ........', .
p..... t-,.' .' .... _
',<' -,.:"-;.;:,..:;, .''.
"?".."'.::..s: ."-
'",....:,..
"-t'\c:;..
, \
"
"
". .r:.:
She's old but she's not as old as he is.
Box A isn't as big as Box B.
. .ltOIl1C is not as old as Athens. (= Athens is older)
. 'The Grand Hotel isn't as expensive as the Europa. (= the El1rop) is rnore expensive)
. I don't play tennis as often as you. (= you pJay tnore often)
. The weather is bcttcr thall it \:vas yesterday. It isn't as cold. (= as cold as it was
yesterday)
B not as Innch as ... / not as n1.any as ...
. I havcn't got as 111uch rnoney as you. (= you've got Inore 1110ney)
. I don't kno\:v as n'lany people as you. (= you kno\v Inore people)
. I don't go out as n'luch as you. (= YOll go out lTIOre)
C Conlp<lrc not as ... as and than:
. ItOlllC is not as old as Athens.
Athens is older than ItOlllC. (not 'older as Rorne')
. Tennis isn't as popular as f()otball.
Football is n1.ore popular than tenn is.
. [ don't go out as Innch as yOll.
You go out l1.1.ore than lne.
D We say: .1S n1C / ,IS hinl / as her ctc. You can say:
. She's not as old as hitn. or She's not as old as he is.
. You don't \\fork as hard as nle. or You dOll't \vork JS hard as I do.
E We say the saine as .., :
. Thc \vcJthcr today is the san1.e as yesterday.
. lVly hair is the salne colour as yours.
. I arrived at the saIne tin'le as Tin1.
11841
Inucbltnany ===> I!I:I1:IEJ older than. .. / 1110re expensive than ... => I!I:tiID

....,
- 88.1
......
"
"
.....
"
......
......
""
--- 88.2
......
....
EXERCISES
Look at the pictures and write sentences about A, Band C.
1
2
3
A I -  ' , ,
.. .. . ..,. - , 1 A
.:." c...
B 1 ". ".
, '" t I
<.
q . .\
leG;. t' :_ ';
_ -,.._-r-
'C "
. -.( B
c , .., .
n ' , -' .... I e
4 
,\f_, 8 c  :
;!; :!t= III, .. . ::: 4;:: .
..:: nn li  .' '._,. " '.1........
aii I::!: . '.1" : -. .'''-1111 f'
.!... 'I...'" _.   - ,.... - .... . . I.' .. . .. ... ..
:: n : ::i; III 'f -,1.'11  : : : ::.  " ; ;
In.= U..III...... ...-. ".....4 ..
1 A is .--9..........p...).....:.......
2 A is ..,.........,............,...,......,.............................:...".........,........... 13 11 l1 t 110 t ..... , , ........ .. .... __ __.. , ,.. __ __... .. , __. __ __ __ , .. . _ __ __. _.. , , ... n. __... , .. .... C.
3 Cis...,.......... .__...,' ........". ._.....,.. n_.... ..____...... ..__._...,.. n___...".. .n__.. A 1111 t ",.. ........,.. .......".. .......".. ........".. ........,.. ..__.__.., __ _______...... n___.........
4 A is ...n_..., ..-----, , ______... ________, ________.. ._____...,' ...____.., ..________., ..______...,' 1"111 t ____.,.. ..___...., '__n_...'. ..n....., , .........'". ........",. ........"" .........., , ..______.., ...__
5 B lIas go t ,.....", .......", ......." ,......", ,........" ........",.. .......", ........."" ,........",. ........", ...__..., ,._._____... .._______". ...__....," ,........"" ......,."". .........,. .....
6 C \,vorks ,......",. ....."" ,.....'". ......'.' ........", ......."". .......'". .......,.'" ........."" .........". ........,. .........,. .______.... ________..,. ------...., , , .........., , ,........'". ......
Write sentences with as ... as ... .
1 Athens is older than l"toIl1e.
2 My 1'00111 is bigger th<ln yours.
3 You got up earlier than Ine.
4 We played better than thenl.
5 ['vc been here longer than you.
6 She's rnore nervous than hinl.
ltolne ..Jt.,..,...A?___.,
Y() llr r()() III is n't .... ........,.. ......." ............. ........,.. .....__.., ..._____... ....______..,.. ........,..
I elidt}'t _____.." .._____.__ __, __________ ._______.., ...n__..'" ...__...,',. ........".. .......'", .........". .______......
TIley.........,'" .........", ........., , ..__...." ...__.____.. ..______.., ..____....,' .__......'" ........"" .........",...
Y()ll .. ._.____.."... __.......,. .........,... ......". ........",........." .........".. ..____..... ______ __."'.. __n...."....
He .,.. _____....,.. .______..".. _______.., .._____... ..n___...".. ......., , ..........',.. .......",.. ........" .._____..." ,____
88.3 Put in as or than.
"
"
88.4
"
'"
"
'.
"
1 Athens is older .... ltorne.
2 I don't \vateh TV as Jlluch ....................... vou.
,
3 You cat nlorc ..____....._____....___ lue.
4 I feel better ....................... I felt yesterday.
5 Jinl isn't as clever __...,on___....,...... he thinks.
6 Be1giu111 is slnaller ...__m......_______.. S\vitzcrland.
7 £3razil isn't as big ....................... Canada.
B I can't \Nait longer ....on__..,........... an honr.
Use the information to complete the sentences about Julia, Andrew and Caroline. Use the same age I the
same street etc.
JULIA
1\NDRE\Xl
CAROLINE
I'm l. 4.
I Uxe in HilL Street.
I ot «p tlt 7.45.
rye got (l car.
les d.o..rk blue.
Iml.4.
I Uxe iJ.1 BlAker
Strut.
I got up tlt 7.15.
 cox is d..D..rk blue.
I)m ll.
I liNe in Hill Strut.
I 90t u.p tlt 7 .15 .
I (lvw't got. 0... co..r.
1 (age)
2 (street)
3 ( titHe)
4 (colour)
,..A..4r.........,..,..... ,.......
Julia li\i'es ,. ......",. ........',. ..........',. ........",. .........",.. .........". ........." ........." ....--..., , ..________ .__._____.., ...n......' ,.........". .........".....
J1llia go t 11 P ...'" ........"" ........",. .........", ........."" ..........'". .......",. ........" .........". ..--.--.., ...------., ..------.." ...........,. ........." ......
Alldre\\" s ........", .........". .........". .........", .........".. ..........',.. .......",. ........" ....__..., ,.....__..., ..______..,' .n__._.." .......,.." .........", ......
UNIT
88
11851

UNIT
89
the oldest
the most expensive
A

HOTEL PRICES IN KINTON
(per person - rer ni9htJ
Europ3 Hotel £CJ5 Grosvenor
Grand Hotel 1.135.50 Bennetts
Royal iB!i Carl ton
Artora. 170 Star
Palace /65 Station
160
/58
J55
150
J15
Box A is bigger than Box B.
The Europa Hotd is n10re expensive than thc
(rJnd.
The Europa Ilotd is 1110re expensive than all
the othcr hotels in the to\vn.
'rhe Europa  lotd is the nlost expensive hot.el
in the to\VIl.
Box A is bigger than all thc other boxes.
Box A is the biggest box.
Bigger / older / more expensive ele. are fOlJ1/hlra{i1Jc fOrlns (=> Unit H6).
Biggest / oldest / lll0St expensive elf. are supcrlatil'c fl1nns.
B The superlative fornl is -est (oldest) or most... (most expensive):
Shorlwords (old/cheap/nice etc)  the -est:
old  the oldest cheap  the cheapest nice  the nicest
Imt good  the best bad  the worst
SpeIling (=? Appendix 5): big  the biggest hot  the hottest
14hrds cluJin{,z ill -y (easy/heavy elf.)  the -iest:
easy  the easiest heavy ---7 the heaviest pretty  the prettiest
Lo l1.ft UlO rds (careful/expensive/interesting elf.)  the ItlOst ... :
careful ---7 the nl0st careful interesting ---7 the nlost interesting
C We say: the oldest... / the 1l1ost expensive... ctc. (\vith the):
. The church is very old. It's the oldest building ill the to\VI1.
(= it is older than all the other buildiugs)
. What is the longest river in the \-vodd?
. Money is in1portJnt but it isn't the nlost inlportant thing in life.
. Excuse n1C, \vhcre is the nearest bank?
D You can use the oldest / the best / the IllOst expensive ere. IJ!itlwlI( a nOlln:
. !(en is a good player but he isn't the best in the teun.
(the best = the best player)
E superlative -I- Pve ever... / youve ever... de
.1'he fihn \vas very bad. I think it's the worst fihn rve eve-r seen.
. What is the tllOSt unusual thing you've ever done?
[ 1861
present perfect I ever =:} &ii older / Inore expensive => UNITS 86.87

....
....
EXERCISES
UNIT
89
_ 89.1 Write sentences with comparatives (older etc.) and superlatives (the oldest etc.).
Complete the sentences. Use a superlative (the oldest etc.).
1 This bui1ding is very old. It's J;--Q.n-9---..- in th to\vn.
2 It ,vas a very happy day. It \vas ..._____________.....__...._________.............________........__.________...........____.. of 111Y life.
3 It's J ver ) r. good 61n1. It's .,._...._____....."'....______..__..."......._________._...,,...________._.._"....n__._._ I've ever seen.
......
4 She's a very popular singer. She's ___________....".._________.____...."....__._______.....,...._______....."'.,............. in the country.
5 It \vas a very bad 111istake. It \vas ...........__...______.....,...._______________........__________....,..._...___..........,.. I've ever 11lade.
6 [t's a very pretty villaf?;e. It's .......-..------........., ,......_.._....................---_.._-_.....------------.... ...___ I've ever seen.
7 [t \\';lS a very cold day. It \¥as ..__...........______..............__..._______...,.....,..._____________..,..._______.._.... of the year.
8 (- [c's a very boring person. He's .......______..............__...._____.......,.,...__________......___________......,_.._____ f've ever 1l1et.
.....
2
......
.....
-
3
'"
4
.....
'"
-.
J
"\
- 89.2
""
.....
.....
"
"
,
1
A
b
C
D
A
B
c
D
, '
1) '," . ($'I .; I
RESTAURAN T A
RESTAURANT B
RE S TAURAN T C
RESTAURANT D
€Xce[{en.t
Vl.O t bad.
good- but not wonderfuL
(tWfLll
89.3 Write sentences with a superlative (the longest etc.).
....
(big/ SOl all)
(All )) ..A..0...4J9,-..-P-----......-.-----------............
(A) "A__... ,.9.--------...." ,......____......'" '.......
(B) ._____...:.,..", ... .................... ........
(long/ short)
(CI A) C is ...................._..................___..__.._.............____ A.
(r)) .[) is ....... ............".... .....__......."'.. ....____________ __ __,.. ____n
(1 J) 13 ,........ ...............", ........_......,."".. ,__._________._____.,.. .__.__
(young/old)
(D / C) ]1,...,. ..........,....... .................,.. ...._._..___....."'.. .__..______.
(1 J) ........,.... ............",... .._..._......"".. _..__________ __ __,.. __ _______.....
(C:) ............ ............"",. ............."". .____________....... ___________..."
(expensive / cheap)
(1) / A) --...,.. -----------........ __n__.......,",..... ................'.... .......,......
(C) ...,.. .__._____.....,',. .....__........,,' ,.. ...._._._......,""',. ................
(A) ..".. .n...__......'" .............."".,. ..........,............. .............,..
(good/bad)
(AI C:) ".. ..________..".. __ ________ __ _".,... ...____........,',..... .___...........,.....
(A) ,,___________..,... ____________...,.,. ...__n........"'.... ....._........,.........
(D) __.._____........ _____________..,',. ...n__._......,',' ....n__.........,..... ......
Sydney Brazil large cOllntry planet the USA the solar systeul
'" Everest Jupiter long state Afiica South Alnerica
e.iy
Alaska the Nile high rIver nlollntalll the \vorld lJ. '1"f ' 1Iia
 ..l..l L ' . 4.. '-
.....
1 ..H.4r.1., ,n-#1.--9$..." ,.._A.q_....
2 E \rerest .....". ...__n.....",' ...______....,,' .....____......"',' .......__.......,'," ..........__........,",'. ._...._......'" ,_ ._..___..___...". ____________...,,'. ,_ .n__n........,"', ......_..........
3
4
5
6
......
....
...
.....
f1 H7]

UNIT
90


enough


A



 fi7

-11" '. "I!: h..
 -.
lr







O'
-


She can't buy a s
lIH:hvich.
. J
She h,lSH't got enough l1:10ney.


I-le can't reach the shelf
I Ie isn't taU enough.


B enough + lltnln (enough 1110ney / enough people ctc)
. 'Is there enough sugar in your cotTec?' 'Yes, thank you.'
. We \\7anted to play fi}oth.ll1 but \\'C didn't have enough players.
. Why dOIl't YOll buy a car? You've got e-nough ITIoney. (not 'IHOllCY enough')
enough without a nOUll:
. ['Vl' got s<..nne llloney but not enough to buy a car.
(= I need lllore Inoney to buy a car)
. 'Would YOl11ikc sonle Ill0re to C;)t?' 'No, thanks. I've h,ld enough.'
. YOll'rc ahvays at hOI1)C. You dOH't go out enough.


C adj('(ti/lc + enough (good enough / tall enough etc.)
. 'ShaH \ve sit ol1tsidl:?' 'No, it isn't warm enough.' (not 'cHough \"arIll')
. C
an YOll hcar the radio? [s it loud enough fi-n- you?
. ])OI1't huy that coat. It's'nice but it isn't long enough. (= it's too short)
TZcllleluber:


enough + nOUIl
enough InOIlCY
enough tiUIC
enough people


but a
jectir)c + enough
tall enough
good enough
old enough


o We say:


enough for (solllebody/solllething) . This pullover isn't big enough for Ine.
. J haven't got enough 1110ney for a car.
. I luven't got enough n'loney to buy a car.
enough to (do SOIllcthing) (not 'for buy a car')
. Is your English good enough to have a
conversation? (Hot 'for have')
enough for (solnebody/soluerhing) . l'here aren't enough chairs for everybody
to (do s()Jllething) to sit do\vl1.


118 8 1


to -. - ;lud for. .. => I!II1J too =} mIl




r
r--
,- 90.1
",-...
-
-
...
,--
.--
EXERCISES
UNIT
90
Look at the pictures and complete the sentences. Use enough + one of these words:
chairs
paint
wind
1 She hasn't got ,...,9...9.,=....
2 Tllere Jren,'t .. .......... .......... .........,.. ..____.... ....__...." .........",
3 She hasn't got ............................m...'......_........______..._____..,..
4 111ere iSJ1't ..............................,........."".____...,....____..,.,.____.....
big
1
long
tall
nl0ncy
1
Ul
U -
· .:'U
r-
90.2 Look at the pictures and complete the sentences. Use one of these adjectives + enough:
-
r
,-.
r'
r'
,-. 1
2
90.3
0,
,-.
/"'"'-.
r-
."....
90.4
r-
,-....
".-..
r
strong
2
3
-.
'--.
J--[e ....--..9,h_..,
The ca r ", __....... .......... .......... ........... ............ ............. .........
3 His legs aren't .., ,_____....,....__...., '..._m..' '..m...'" ,........' ...........
4 Ire... .......,..... ........." .........., .........." ........,., ..__....... ..______., ....__...,..
Complete the sentences. Use enough with one of these words:
big eat fruit -Ieud old practise sug-ar titne - tired
1 'Is there ..9,..9... in your coffee?' 'Yes. thank you.'
2 Can you hear the radio? Is it __4__.9,..m for you?
3 He can leave school ifhc \-"ants - he's ..m..........mm..'....m............................................., .
4 [)id you have ............'.....m........__..........._m...'...._m......._m........ to ans\fer all the questions in the eXlln?
5 This house isn't ______....______....._____......______........___........__.__........_____.. for £1 large fanlily.
6 Tina is very thin. She doesn't ..........................................................................,.. .
7 You don't eat ............................................................................. . YOll should eat I110re - it's good fi)r you.
8 It's late but I don't \\rant to go to bed no\\'. rnl not ........'..............................'....................'...__......'.____ _
9 Lisa isn't a very good tennis player because she doesn't .....................,..................................................______ .
Complete the sentences. Use enough with the words in brackets (...).
1 We haven't got ....9..,!:t:'.,....H..... a car.
2 This knife isn't ......., ,........., ,....___....,..____....,. ,..______....______...., ....___.__.. ,....____.," t0111atocs.
3 The \-vater vv'asn't "..._...," .-----..., , ,.______.... ..._____..". ,_____.__,' ..._______... ,_______.., ________.. a bad}.
4 I-Iavc \\TC got '...m....' ""__"" ..__.____.... ..-----........---...., , ,..__.....'" ,..___...., ,.._____.. salH:h,viches?
5 We pl.:lycd \\fell but not __......____.....,..___.....,....__.....,...___......,...___........_____...,._______......__ the ganIc.
6 I don't have __... .._______... ,.._____." ,...___..,', ,..__....." ..,......... ....m....". '.m..." ...w ne\vspapers.
(tnoney / buy)
(sharp / cut)
(\i\larnl / have)
(bread / Il1J ke)
(v'I l e11 / \-"in)
(tinlc / read)
[18

UNIT
91.
too
A
r'
I-lis shoes are too big f()r bin).
B
too + m!icflilJc / adtJ('rb (too hig / too hard ele.)
. Can YOll turn the radio do\rll?
It's too loud. (= louder than [ \\.7ant)
. I can't \lork. rlU too tired.
. 1 think you \vork too hard.
D
cr
C too tlluch / too tTIany = IHore than YOll \VUlt, 111 o IT' than is good:
. I don't like the \veather here. There is too tlluch rain. (= "Hore rain than is good)
. Let's go to another-restaurant. '"I 'here arc too tnal1Y people here.
. EI1}ily studies all the tinle. l think she studies too 111uch.
. Traflic is a problcI11 in this tow'n. There are too Inany cars.
D COlllpare too and not enough:
. The hat is too hig fin- hilll.
. T'he hat isnt big enough
for hillt. (= j t's too s1"11.a11)
. T'he radio isnt loud
enough. Can you turn it
up, please?
. There's not enough
sugar j 11 illY coffee.
(= I need Illore sugar) not big :'cnough
. You're very tbin. You don't cat enough.
. The radio is too loud.
C:an von turn it do\vn,
I
please?
. I'heres too lunch sugar
in Iny cofiee. (= nlOIT
sugar than I \V\llt) too big
. J don't fed vcry \vell. I ate too fnnch.
E
We sav:
,
. These shoes are too big for Ule.
too... for (solllebody/solllething) . It's a sInal] house - too sn1.all for a large family.
. J'lll too tired to go out. (not 'for go out')
too ... to (do sonlethillg)
. It's too cold to sit outside.
too... for (solnebody/soluething) . She speaks too fast for 111e to understand.
to (do sOlTlethillg)
[190]
to and for ===> &1J l11udlhnany ===> m:F) enough =>' I!ImII!J

....
.....
EXERCISES
91.1 Look at the pictures and complete the sentences. Use too + one of these words:
big crowded £..st heavy loud low
"'\
.....
"
......
.....
1
2
3
4
5
UNIT
91
6
..
f   -;-  !i:7:{f ff T
5 "" '. ---.-. ....: ...'.",... ....
.\ .". '.:: '", ,:  "",
 J."\. ',;: .: :.'  :".
f. . ... :', ....l - .:;
Q D .. '. . .' 'i "
 t. ,
. ,) . ',,:-.' .',
...', ... '" .' . ,;:
I \  ".
':::;  r) . .:.'I..
JI " ,.. "","
l>: . ';". "::5'" -'.::;: :;. . j" i: ... . :;,::
...: ...... '. .
A .... I !.... .  
-," ":.:.=--. ".",.
:.:.:: ... /
1 The radio is ...tQ9..JQ4.....
2 l}le 11()x is _____....____.....___.......__....,.....................................
3 TIlc net is ..____...,.____.."____............................................,.....
4 S11 e's dr i\ri11g .. ........... ......... ............ ............ ............. ........, ,__
S 'rlle ball is ..............,.,.................................,......................,...
6 '1 'he rest;:) urant is ...............................,...........,..................
91.2 Put in too / too much / too many I enough.
.....
""'.
....
""
...."
......
91.3
"'"
'\
"\
""
'"
'91.4
'"
'"
'"
...
....
...
1 Y()u're ahvays at hornet You don't go out .--9-... .
2 I don't like the \,"cather here. There's .tQ9...!I'..____ rain.
3 I can't \ivait for the1l1. I haven't g ot ___.........__.,....._____............. t.i1He.
....
4 There VlJS no\\,herc to sit 01) the beach. There \vere ...................................... people.
S You 're .) hvays tired. I think YOll \\lork ...................................... hare1.
6 T)id you have ..m................................. to cat?' 'Yes , thank von.'
J J
7 You drink .........,............................ cntIce. It's not good f,(»" you.
R You don't cat ..'m........___......_____....._____ vegetables. You should eat 11l0re.
Y I don't like the \veather here. It's ...................................... cokL
10 ()ur tealll didn't play wen. Wc nladc ........___........._____......______. nlistakcs.
J 1 'Would you like SOllle lui1k in your tea?' 'Yes, but not ...................................... :
Complete the sentences. Use too or enough with the words in brackets (...).
1 I couldn't \vork. I ...JQ9.......,..
2 Can you turn the radio up, please? It ...,..4..gn,=.
3 1 don't \vant to \valk hOlllC. I t's .........-........._____......_._____......______....._______...______......._____........____......_._...,..
4 1) on't buy anything in that shop. It..... ......................... ............................................... ,.......... ...........
5 You can't put all your things in this bJg. It ......................,....................,..........,...........,..........:.....
6 I couldn't do the exercise. It ....................................m.........m..........___...............................__...............,..
7 You r \VO rk needs to be better. It -----.. ..---------... .-------.... ..------.... ...------... .-------.... ..-----.... ..------... ..-----......
R I can't tJlk to you no\-\I'. T ...._._____......____......______......______.........m_........__..__.....m........____........___.__.......__.......
9 I thOlght the fihn \,vas boring. It ___.......______......mm.........m__.................m.........___.........___........___........
( tired)
(loud)
( far)
(expensive)
(big)
( difficult)
(good)
(busy)
(Ion g)
Complete the sentences. Use too (+ adjective) + to (do something).
1. (1'111 not going out / cold) ...tf....Q..4!....99..g.'.....m
2 (1'111 not goiilg to bed / early) It's .......................................................................,.................................
3 (the.y're not getting )"uarried / young) 'rhey're ..,...........,.................................,.........,..................................
4 (nobody goes out at night / dangerous) It's .__........__.__.....m__.....mm.......___m......__........m.....'..............................
5 (don't phone Ann no\v / late) r t's ___........_____....._____.....______......_._____......____......._m...................................
() (I didn't say anything / surprised) 1 \.vas .....__......m.._.....m___.....m_m.....m..........m....................................
1 1 91 J

UNIT
92
A
He speaks English very well.
(word order 1)
verb + 0 b.1 ect
a newspaper
everv day.
J ,
sllljc({ lJ('rb oljc(t
The lJerb (reads) and the oi('[t (a newspaper) are
usuallv toeether. We sa-v:
J ,-J ,/
. Suc reads a news p a p er every day_
I I "
( 1101 'Sue reads every day a lle\ovS I X1 1 )er.')
I " I
SCE (SUBJECT)
v('rb + oljc(t
He speaks English very \vell. (not 'He speaks very \\I"e11 Engtish .')
1 like Italian food very 111uch. (not 'I like very Illuch ...')
Did you watch television 11 evening? (not 'Did you vl/atch all evening. .. ?')
We invited a lot of people to the party_ (not 'We invited to the pnty ... ')
Paul often wears a black hat. (not 'Paul \\-Tars often... ')
I opened the door quietly.
Why do von .lhvavs make the sanle rnistake?
" ,
1'111 going to borrow sotne tllOney fro111 the bank_
B pL1ce and tillle
We \vcnt to a party
place rUNe
Pla(( (to a party) is usually before ti1ne (last night). We say:
. We \vent to a party last night. (not 'We \vent last night to a party.')
I I
placc time
(1phae?) (when? how IOH.R? Iww l!ften?)
].iz \valks to work every day. (not'. .. every day to \vork')
Will YOll be at home this evening? (not'. .. this evening at hOllJe?')
I usually go to bed early. (not'. .. early to bed')
We arrived at the airport at 7 o'clock.
They've lived in the same house for 20 years.
Jinl's Either has beell in hospital since June.
[192] \vord order jn qw.."$t.iow. => UNITS 43-45 always/usuaUy/often etc. => 

"
92.1
...
...
...
EXERCISES
UNIT
92
Right or wrong? Co rrect the senten c es that are wrong.
1 IJid you w'atch ( an evening tdevisio ..P..H.....JY-n..'f.9.?....
2 Sue reads a ne\vspaper every day. ..9.m
3 I like very 1nuch this picture. ........nn__...'_.nno.......___....,..___......................................,............,.................
4 Torn started last "veek his ne,\' job. .___....Onm...'....__O........................................................................,................
5 I \vant to spe.lk English fluently. __.'....On___...'....m...,..........,............ ............ ........... .........,.. .'..........., '..m......'
6 Jane bought for her friend a present. ......................................................_.m._......nm_...__.nm_....___..mh.......Om....
7 I drink every day three cups of coffee. ...........m..........____.....nm_.....nm.....__Onnh.'...m..........__...........m........m......
8 L)on't eat your dinner too quickly!. ........mnm......__........m...............,...............................................................
9 [boJTo\.ved fronl Iny brother fifty pounds. n......................................................................................................m.......
92.2 Put the words in order.
-',
"
...
"
....
" 92.3
"-.
'.
....
"
'\
'\
"
...
'.
....
1 (the door / opened / I / quietly)
2 (t\vo letters / I / this Inorning / \vrote)
3 (passed / Paul/easily / the exanl)
4 (Ann / very \Nell / French / doesn't speak)
5 (a 10t of \york / did / J / yesterday)
6 (London / do you kno"v / vveH?)
7 (\\re / enjoyed / very rl1uch / the party)
8 (the problell1 / carefiJl1y / J / explained)
9 (,ve, / at the airport / SOJne friends / Iller)
10 (did you buy / in England / that jacket?)
11 (every ltay / do / the SUIH:' thing / \ve)
12 (football /" don't like / very 1l1uch / I)
J..,p....A.p.r...g......
I .....,... ........... ........... ........... .00.00.... ..00._..... "00_00'" ...nn__. _..,. ..nn__..'. "__nn"
Put the words in order.
1 (to v'lork / every day / \valks / Liz) J...___..oQ...'f.!i..:....
2 (at the hotel / I / early / arrived) I .............................................................m.....nm.....__.n.n......Onn........m.
3 (goes / every year / to Italy / Julia) Julia ...........................nn.......m.........mn......n.n....................................
4 (\,ve / since '19RR / here / have lived) We ....___..nm................m......................................................... n ........... n
5 (in London / Sue / in 1960 / \vas born) Sue .............................................,...............................___.........m_._....mn
6 (didn't go / yesterday / Paul/to \,vork) Paul .. ..................___........n............_._.....nn__....nnm......O.........................
7 (to the bank / yesterday afternoon / "vent / Ann)
AIU 1 .... ......" .00_..... ...On.... ....0....'. ............. .......'.,. ..0000...'.. .._.___.... ._....n.....'. ..n......... .......... ............. ............ ........... .........,... ........,.... .......'.. .0000.
8 (I / in bed / this tnorning / Iny breakfast / had)
J . ..nn.... ..00...." .......... .......,'.. "00'_'" _..n__.'" ....0......'.. ............ .............. .........".. ..0000..'. ..._.n.... ..0_0........ ...00...... ....00...... ...00...."'.. .......,.. ............ .....
<) (ill October / B.lrbara / to university / is going)
Ba r11ara ..... ..n..". ..on...".. ........... ........... ...00....... ..nn_..'.' __.......".. ..0000........ ............ ............ .......... .000000.... "00_._'" ..._00.____... .nn_h..... __nn........n
10 (I / a beautiful bird / this 1110rning / in the garden / sa\v)
I . ..__..., __nn_..'. ..00...............,.. .......,.. ..nn.... ....0.....'... ............. ............. ...00.....'.. .00.__.... ..nn_._." ..........,. ..on....'. ..........,.. .............. .......... ................
11 (11 1 allY titnes / have been / IllY parents / to the United States)
M}T ...... ......... .......',.. .._....,. __n_....... ..00......... .........' ............ ..00_._....... ...000__....'.. ..00....'.. ........... ........... ............. .....,..... .........,.. ..0000_...' ..0000._..'...00
12 (IllY lllnbrel1a / I / last night / left / in the restaurant)
I ........".. '00_' _", ..n....'.. ........... ....,..... .0000_...'.. ..nn....' ..........." ...........,... ..........,.. ..00....'.. .00__...'.. .nOn",' ...nn....' __..0.._..'. ....--...."... ........... ..............
13 (to the cinenla / tOlllOlTO\V evening / are you going?)
Arc ___,.. .n....... ........... ........' ...00...... ._nn_.......O .00....'.. .........',... ........,... .00.__.__.. ..nnn...... ____..... ..0........'.. ..00......... ........... ....................... ..............
14 (the children / 1 / took / this rnorning / to school)
I .,. _n_....'.. .................... ...._..., .nnn__'" ...00....".. ............. .....,..,.... .00._..... ...nnn.... ....__...... ........... .............. ............ .......... ..........,.. ..00....... ...00__...'..
[ 193 ]

UNIT
93
always/usually/often etc. (word order 2)
A
often
SOlTletin"1es
always
usually
ever
never
rarely
seldon"1
also
just
all
both
already
still
These \voros (always/never de) are often \vith the verb in the Iniddle ora sentence:
. My brother never speaks to n1C.
. She's always Jate.
. 1)0 you often go to restaurants?
. ] son"1ctin"1cs cat too 11lueh. (or Son"1ctinles 1 eat too llluch.)
. I-don't \\r c lIlt to go to the cinenll. I've already secn the twn.
. I'vc got three sisters. Theyre all 111arricd.
always/never de. go hrore the verb:
IJ(;rb · I always go to \vork by car. (Hot "I go ahvays')
. 1\lln often plays tellnis. (not 'Ann plays often tennis')
. You sOlnethnes look unhappy.
. They usually have dinner at 7 o'clock.
. Wc rarcly (or seldon"1) watch televisioll.
. Richard is a good f()otbal1cr. He also plays tennis and volleyba:
(110£ 'He plays cllsl) tennis')
. I've gal three sisters. They aU live ill London.
B
always go
often + play
never feel
efe.
ctc
but always/never ctc. go qlia arn/is/are/was/were:
atll · I alll never ill. (not 'I never nn in')
is always · They arc usually at hOlne in the evenings.
are + often · It is often very cold here in \i\lintcr.
was never . When 1 vI/as a child, I was always latc for school.
. 'Where's Linda?' 'She's still in bed.'
were de.
. rve got t\1IlO brothers. Theyre both doctors.
C always/ nevcr de. go bcn/lecn. t\VO verbs (have ... been / can ... find ele):
. I will always reineillber you.
. It doesn't often rain here.
. Do you usually go to \ovork by car?
. I can never find nlY keys.
. Have you ever been to R,0I11C?
. A: Where's Linda?
13: She's just gone out. (she's = she has)
. A: Where arc your friends?
B: Theyve all gone to the cineuta.
verb 1 IJerb 2
will go
can find
do always reineillber
efe. often etc.
never
have ele. gone
has becn
ele.
l194]
always/never + present simple => mJ just/already 1- present perfcct =>  aU => UNITS.'19.80
both => &II still => .:J

.....
'.
...
, 93.1
'"
...
'"
... 93.2
....
....
....
....
....
.....
, 93.3
'.
"
EXERCISES
UNIT
93
Look at Paul's answers to the questions and write sentences with often/never etc.
J e PAUL
3 )1
1 f)o you ever play tennis? Yes, often. .P,L,.p'......
2 Do you get up early? Yes, ahvays. Ilc ............mm......mm.'....m....'....nn.......mmm....mmm....mn
3 An Vall ever latc f()r "vork? No, never. Ilc ..m......m..........mm...'.mm........nm..'....nn.....'....m.......'....
4 ,Do you cver get angry? SOIl1etill1cs. ..m..'.....m...........................................................................,.......
5 1)0 you ever go s\vinuuing? Yes, often. ........................................................................m.........mm.......n
6 Are YOll at hOl11e in the Yes, usuaHy. .. .....,.................mm..,...m........nm......mmm....nm...........__.........
eve11illgs? ..n....." "0000"" ....00...... .........., , ...n....." ...n.....' ,............. .........." .....
Write these sentences with the words in brackets (...).
I Ivl Y brother speaks to Ule. (never) ....J?r....'{..P?.n.':..
2 S US3.11 is polite. (ahays) S LIsan .... ............' ....n...' ......m....... ','nm." .00........ '...m.... '...m.... ..........,. .........,... .......... ............. ......
3 I finish \\rork at 5 0' clock. (usllally) I ...mn..........m..... .'...m........................... ...................... ............. ........... ....m.........n
4 JiB has started a ne\\r job. (just) Jill m...........m..........................................mn....,..mm....mn.n....mm........mm......mm.......
5 I go to bed before 'llidnight. (rardy) .....................n........m......'..n.......nm...'....mn.......n..........___.........n......................
6 The bus isn't late . (usually) .. ............ ............ ....m...... ...nm.... ..mm." ....00...... ..m..... ........... ............ .............. ............. ..............
7 I dOll't C<lt fisll. ( ofrell) .. ........... .........., '.n......,.. .n.....'... ..0000...'" .....n...' ........... ............ ............. .......... .........,... ............', ...n........
8 I ,.viII forget \vhat you said. (ncver) m......mn..........m.........................................,........................m...........mm..............,..
9 (-lave you lost your passport? (ever) ..........n...................................n.......mm....mn.......mm.......nmm.....nnm........m.......
10 f)o YOll \\Tork in th c Sall1 e place? (still) ........,.... .....m.........n..... ...nn......nm........m.........n...... ..................m..... ..........,..
11 They stay in the \arne hotel. (always) ......m........... nn ......... nm ..'........,...........................................................................
12 l)ianc doesn't \:vork on Saturdays. (usual1y) .......m..............................................,..................m.......'..m........m......'..
13 Is T'ina here? (alrca<. ly) ... ...nn......nm.... '...m..... ............... ................m..' ...m..." ..m......' ,.mn......m.m." ...0000.....' '..0000.... ...........,...
14 What do you h.lvC for breakf1st? (usnal1y) ..........nn........m.........n.........h.........m.....,...n............................................
15 I can ITn lcJnber his na 1l1C. (n ever) nmn......hm............................. ........... .......,.... ....................... ....n.........m........... n ..... ,..
Write sentences with also. Use the words in brackets (...).
1 1)0 you play hJothal1? (tennis) ..y..L4J...?..P....,.':......
2 Do YOll spcak It,lheUl? (French) Yes, and I .m....'...m......mh.................................................,.................
3 AI.e you tired? (hungry) Yes, and ........................................,.,..............'..m.......'mm......mm.......
4 Have you been to Engbnd? (Ireland) Yes, ............m.........m....'..m........n..........nn.......nm.........nn........m.........
5 l)id YOll buy allY clothes? (SOlllC books) m..,.......__..'......m..........................................................................................
93.4 Write sentences with both and all.
....

'.
....
'.
"
a
1'111 InalTied. I \vas born in England.
I live in Ne\v York.
[ live in London.
I play football.
rn1. ,1 student.
I'vc got a car.
I live in London.
I play football.
1'111 a student.
I've got a car.
 
q  V
nTh.. ,Q....., ,kQ4P.:., ,..
They....... ........,. ..n....' , ...m...'. ...m.."'. ............ ..... fi)otbal1.
.n'" .......... ........". .......,.. .00..."'. ........... ............ ...n....' stll <..iellts.
....... .......... .nn..". "0000'" ........,.. ............ .......,.... ..n....'.. ..00.... ca rs.
2 T lley .......... ............. ............ ......... .............. ...... IlIa rri cd.
They.... ....................... ........... ............ .......".... England.
[ 195]

UNIT
94
st i II
yet
already
A stiIl
THE RAIN HASN'T STOPPED
An h()u ago it \vas raining.
I t is still raining 110\.\".
still = sOlllething is the saIne as before:
. I had a lot to cat but 1'111 still hungry. (= [ \vas hungry beh)rc and rIn hungry no\v)
. 'Did von sell your car?' LNo, I've still D:ot it.'
"J "-.-'
. 'J)o you still live in n.ucdona?' No, I live in Madrid no\v.'
B yet
e
N<..)\V
T\venty luiull tes ago they \\rere
,,'vaiting for Bill.
They are still \Vailing f()r Bill.
BiJl hasn't cornc yet
yet = until no\v:
We use yet iUllc.f!rlti1JC sentl'nce (He hasnt COBle yet.) and in questions (Has he COIne yet?).
Yet is usually at the end of a s.eutence:
. A: Whcrc's Diane?
B: She isn't here yet. (= she \vill be here but until nO\\7 she hasn't cOlne)
. A: What are you doing this evening?
B: I dont kno\.v yet. (= I \\rill kno\v later hut T don't kno\v at the 1110nlent)
. A.: Are VOll readv to g o Y et?
J '....
13: Not yet. w:.lit a lllonlt'llt. (= I \vill be ready but 1'111 not ready at the 1110lnent)
. A: Have, you finihc:.d '"\v\th the n.e"\,,rppCI yet?
f:i: lb, {Ill snIT reaoiilg It.
Cornpare yet and still:
. She hasn't gone yet. = She's still here. (1lOt 'She is yet here')
. I haven't finished eating yet. = 1'111. still eating.
C already = earlier thall eApectcd:
. 'What titne is John arriving?' 'He's already here.' (= earlier than \ve expected)
. '1'111 going to tell yon v\rhat. happened.' "rhat's not necessclry. [ already kI10\V.'
. Ann doesn't \vant to go to the CinenlJ. She h.1s already seen the filtH.
( 19() I already Iyet + present perfect => mIl word order (still/already)::::) mIl

'"
UNIT
94
EXERCISES
'.
94.1
You meet Lisa. The last time you saw her was two years ago. You ask her some Questions with still.
1 ..PQ..!:I.....@..p'......Q.?,....
2 Do you .... ...h...... ..hnn...... ..hn.....'. ...00....... .....00.......
3 fue ., '.hh.....' ..h......" ..hn....' ....nnn.... ...n.n..... hnnn..".
4
5
6
LISA - '1'\VO YEJ\RS ACO
I)ve got 
motor-bike.
1 (I M tI1e-p >(
2 [ I live in CUtre I 
Street. 7' J
r d
3 ll )m  $tu 
. ...
'="\'''' '
d"
.'
I go to tYle
ci.nemtL tL Lot.
...
,
6 I WlU1t to be  teo.d1er.
.. 94.2
Write three sentences for each situation. Look at the example carefully.
b.f(re
HOUJ
'.
...Th...,..9..rn).?,..
.,.Th.'hhh.9"....n__
mTh..,?....,. ...!:I......
(lnforc)
(stiH)
(yet)
1
-7
'{t&t ...,
' \).5 1 , " '.
, .,
!' 'J,
- l i' ,I...c
..
(before)
(stiH)
(yet)
2
He \'-'as 0000" "'000000" ,. .000000..'. .000000.... ..00000000.... "'000000'" ...0000....'
He ....., .hh...." .hnn..". ..00....." ............. ............. ............, ..........
.. 'h h..... . , ... 00'" . , , ......... , . . ........ . . .......... . . .......... . . . . . ......... . . .. )'e t.
-7
,
.
3   (beJ{)rc)
 (still)
'. '
(yet)
I .
\
4 DINNE]  (before)
.  (stiH)
(yet)
" , .
, 94.3 Write questions with yet.
Slle ................. ........,. .........,... .........,... ............. ..0000...'.. .00...."
TIle)' .........." ...00...... ....00....' ...00......" '.0000.....', ..00......., ...00...."
1 You and Sue are going out together. You are waiting fi)r her to get ready. Perhaps she is
rcady no\.\!. Ylm dsk her: ...br.!:tnr..HI..
2 You are vvaiting fi)r Ann to ,lrrive. She \vasn't here ten Jllinutes ago. Perhaps she is here no\v.
You ask SO IIwbody : ""'."" '..m...' ,.........,.. ........,.... Ann ..... ........n.......n.m...'.....................,...........'..n...................'...00...........00.....'...
3 Mary did .1n eXall1 and is \vaiting fi)r the results. Perhaps she has her results nO'"v.
YOlt as k hct': .......... ....,..... ........,.. .00..." ..00... yo 11 .00...".. ...00.......... ............ ........... ............. ........... .......... .......,..... ............ ............ .............
4 A tevv days ago you spoke to Tenll. He wasn't sure \¥here to go on holiday. PerhclPs he has
decided 110"\\/. Y<JH ask hi,..n: .." ,..........' .............. ............ ............., .....00....' ,....n.........n....,..nnn...,......m.......n.....,......n........n.m.'...
,
,
...
, 94.4
Complete the sentences. Use already.
...H...... here.
No, she .....  ....... it.
It's too late. She ...................................,................................. .
No thanks. I ...,......00.............................................00......... one.
No, it's 0 K,. [ .....0000.......0000..........00.........0000........0000....'...0000... .
No, he .00...................0000...'.....00.....'...0000....__....... . I told hiul.
,
1 What titne is John arriving?
2 Docs Anll \i\lant to see the filtn?
3 I Blllst see Julia before she goes.
4 1)0 you.need a pen?
5 ShaH J pay the bill?
(> Slull I teU Paul about the llleeting?
,
\.
[1 97]


UNIT
95
Give me that book!
Give it to me!
A
.
gIve
lend
pass
send
show
1
the keys
After these verbs (give/lend ele), there arc t\.\fO
possible structures:
(give) sOlnething to somebody:
. I g:1 ve the keys to Liz.
(give) sOluebody sOluething:
. I gave Liz the keys.
  .
, "J.-y --- - 11'"
'-..... ' -"":E€"/ '1
 / ----
B (give) sOI11.ething to sornebody
SOl1lcthing to sotnebody
.....
Thafs 1nv book. Give It to lne.
-'
These are Sue's keys. Can you give thern to her?
C£lll VOll . these fto\vers to your nlother?
gIve
I
I lent IlIV car to a friend of llllne.
,
Did YOll send a postcard to Kate?
We've seen these photos. YOll showed theln to liS.
c (give) sonlcbody sonlcthing
sOl1lebody sOIT1ething
Give 111e that book. ] t's Inille.
Tonl gave his tllother senne flovvers.
I lent John sotne Inoney.
1-10\\1 Ill11Ch Illoncv did VOll lend hi III ?
J J
1 sent \lOll ,t postcard. l)id you receive it?
J
Linda showed us her holi{by photos.
Can YOll pass tHe the salt, please?
You call also say 'buy/get sOInebody SOlllethil1g':
. 1 bought IllY tllother sonle Ho\:vers. (= 1 bought sonle flo\vers for lny Inother.)
. Can you gct t11e a ncvvspaper \vhen you go out? (= get a nev\Tspapcr for Jne)
D COIllparc:
. J gave the keys to Liz.
1 gave Liz the keys. (but not 'I gave to Liz the keys.')
. That's nlY book. Can you give it to l11.e?
Can YOll give nle that book? (but not 'give to Iue that book')
We prefer the first structure (give sonlcthing to sOlnc.body) \Then the thiny, is it or thenl:
. I gave it to her. (not 'I gave her it')
. Here are the keys. Give thetu to your father. (110/ 'Give your father thenl')
[198]
it/hun/thenl ete. => 

95.1
....
,
....
'\
....
....
95.2
...
"
"
..
..
...
95.3
,
...
.. 95.4
"
"\
...
EXERCISES
UNIT
95
Mark had some
things that he
didn't want. He
gave them to
different people.
 .'
': ....,., .
.......
,

GA
Write sentences beginning He gave... .
1 What did Nlark do \vith the annchair?
2 \Vhat did he do \.vith the tennis racket?
3 What happened to the books?
4 What about the lalnp?
5 Wh.tt did he do \vith the pictures?
6 And the ladder?
__..H..9.Y...'n___r9...m.
He ga \7C ....... ..nn. __... __n...".. ............. ......,.. nn.n." ....n....'... ............ ........,
l-Ie ......... .nn..." ........,.. ............. ......'".. .nn..' n.nn....' ....n...."'.. .......... .........
a....................____......____..............................................-------......................................
...........----...............................................--..----....................................................-............
............ ._.____......... ........... ............... ..____....... .....,' .aaa..a..'" ..a..aa..". ...____..... ._____....,. .aa
You wanted to give presents to your friends. You decided to give them the things in the pictures.
Write a sentence for each person.
1
j
5
:, I
( " :'
-
....
IHCIIl\IU>

1 ,.L9X..Pk.Q9..:...
2 I ga\e .... ..n..'" ......... .....n..... .n....... ........', ...nn.." ....--........ .......,
3 [.n.., ........". ......., ..nnOO" n........ .......'" ....n..... .__......,... ........", ...nn'
4 ., 'nnn....' ............ ........,.' ..nn...' ...n......' '..n......" ............ .........., , ....
5 ...', ....n...... ....,..." ..nn.... ....n.....' '__n.....'. ............ ...nn....'. ..nnn..'...
6
.."" .........,. ._.____.... ...., '...aa...a."" ........." ....____...,. .__...... .a.....""
Write questions beginning Can you give me ... ? I Can you pass me ... ? etc.
I (you \Vllit the salt) (pass) __..H..P........,?.?...n
2 (you need an lunbrella) (lend) Can yuu ...................................n...........m............................... m ..............
3 (you \VaIlt l11Y address) (give) (an ..,..................m........ nn ............. your ...................mm...... n ........... n
4 (YOll need ten pall n £Is) (Jcn d) on..... .............. ......n............... ........... ..........................nn............................. .....
5 (you W'cUlt S0l11 e i nf()r1na tion) (send) ........, '....m......'._____..... ............ ...m....' ,onnn" '...n......'............. ........... '...m...'....
6 (YOll \\tant to sec the letter) (sho\v) .....n.....'..n................................ m .......,.......................................n...................
7 (you \ova n t S0l11e starnps) (get) ..........., .................m........nn......... on .... ,..................... ...m.m....... nn .....__....., ....
Which is right?
1 I gave-to Li7 the k/ I gave Liz thc keys. I gave Liz the keys is right
2 {'ll iend to VOU SOInc I1H)ney if you \Vlllt. / {'U lend you sOlne Inancy if you want.
3 l)id you send the letter IHe ? / Did you send thc letter to Ine ?
4 I \\-'Jnt to buy for you a present. I I v"ant to buy you a present.
5 (:an you pass to l11e the sugar , please? I Can you pass lUC the sugar , please?
6 1'hls is Ann's bclg. C:an you g ive it to her? I Can you g ivc her it?
7 I sho\ved to the policenlall In V identity card . I I sho\!ved the policeIuan Iny identity card .
[ 199)

UNIT
96
at 8 o'clock
on Monday
in April
A
at
at
8 o'clock
1 () .30
nudnio'ht cte.-
o
. I stan \\Tork at 8 o'clock.
. The shops close at 5.30.
on
011
Sllnday(s) / Monday(s) ete.
25 April / 6 June ele.
Nc\v Year's i)ay ere.
. t;oodbye! See yon on Friday.
. J don't \vork on Sundays.
. The concert is on 22 Novelllber.
.
In
.
111
Aprll/June ele.
198511750 eft.
SU111111erl spring etr.
. J'111 going on holiday in October.
. Ernnla left school in 1993.
. The garden is lovely in spring.
..
B
We say:
,
at the weekend
at night
at Christtnas I at Easter
at the end of ...
at the lTIOn1.Cnt
. Arc you going d\Vay at the weekend?
. J can't sleep at night.
. Where \\oriB you be at Christlnas? (but on Chrisol1as Day)
. I'lll going on holiday at the end of()ctober.
. Are vou busy at thc mOinent?
J J
C in the morning / in the afternoon I in the evening
. J ah\oTays [eel good in the morning.
. Do you often go out in the evcning?
but
on Monday morning / on Tuesday afternoon I on Friday evening I on Saturday night etc.:
. I'nllneetingJill on Monday rnorning.
. Are YOll doing anything 011 Saturday evening?
D We do nol lIse at/on/in before:
this. .. (this l1.1.orning / this week etc.)
last . .. (last August I last week ele.)
next ... (next Monday / next week ele.)
every ... (every day I every week de.)
. Arc yon going out this evening?
. The garden \vas lovely last suminer.
. rill gOlng 011 holiday next Monday.
(not 'OIl next Monday')
E in five n1.inutes I in a few days / in six weeks I in two years ete.
t::{>
. Hurry! The train leaves in five tninutes.
(= it leaves five Ininu tes &on1 110'V)
. Goodbye! rn see you in a few days.
(= a fc\.\l days [ran} now")
no\v
[200]
in/ at/on u."'laces) => UNns 99.100

-".
.....
- 96.1
......
......
......96.2
-
--
--.
--
.......
EXERCISES
UNIT
96
Write at/on/in.
1 __?,....., 6 June
2 .......... the evening
3 .............., half past t\VO
4 ............... Wednesday
,
5 ............... 19R7
(, m.....___.... Septclubcr
7 ............... 24 Scptcll1bcr
8 ....,.......... Thursday
9 .........,..... 11 .45
10 ............... Christrnas Day
11 ............... Christnlas
12 '00___""_____ the nlorning
13 ..,............ Friday rnorning
14 ___'.......___. Saturday night
15 _____....______ night
16 00............. the cnd of the day
17 00........00___ the \lveekend
18 ............... \Vl11ter
Write at/on/in.
1 Goodbye! See you ...__..... Friday.
2 Where \vcre you .00___......... 2 February?
3 I got up _____...:...... X 0' dock this rnorning_
4 ) like gett.ill g 'T un eadv ............... the 1l1orning-.
"-.J' c. t  ......
5 My sister Ol1l1arried ............... May.
6 Diane and I first nlet .........,..... 1 <)79.
7 Did you g o out ............... Tuesdav?
, J
R Did you go out .............., Tuesday evening?
9 1)0 YOll often go out ............... the evening?
10 Lct's 111cet m....___....' 7.30 torn01TO\V evening.
1 1 I often go 3\Vay ............... the \veekend.
t 2. rnl starting illY ne\.v job ................ 3 July.
13 'Wc of tell go to the beach ___............ SUlllIllCr.
'14 George isn't here ...___00....... the lllOlnent.
15 Julia's birthday is ''''''''''0000' January.
16 Do YOll \vork ...00.......... Saturdays?
17 The cornpany started ............... 1969.
18 I Jike to look at the stars ............... night.
19 I'll send you the l110ney ............... t.he end
of the l1lonth.
96.3 Look at Lisals diary for next week and complete the sentences.
-..
.......
"""
--
-. t Lisa is going to the cinenla ....W...Y'9.:...
2 SlJ e has t(J 1) h <. )ll l' C:llris ........., , ............ ............ ..........'. ..........." ..........". ........, , ........." .........", .........., ...........' ...........,.. ............ ........
--.., 3 She isn't doing anything special .. .........." ,..........' '......m... '.....00....'...___....,..___..... .....00..... ,.......................,..---......,...........,..........
4 She's go t a driving lesson....,. .........,. ..___.....,. ...0000...'. ....0000....'. .......... ............, ........., , ..........,. .........., .........., ............. ............ ....0000...
5 S 11 e 's go i Ilg to a l)a rt)' "........,.. .....00..'.. .0000...'... .........". ...........,... .......... ............. ........... ............ .......".. ............ .........,. ..........., ..........,.
6 SIll'l S III ecti 11 g SarlI.....,. ........... ............. ......................... .........',.. ........... ..........'.. ........,. .........', .........", .........".. ............ ......,..... ...........
.....
96.4 Write sentences with in ... .
.......
-
" 96.5
-
-
1 It's 17.25 110\V. The train leaves at 17.30.
2 It's Monday today. I'll phone you on Thursday.
3 Today is 14 June. My exatn is 011 28 June.
4 It's 3 0 'dock nO\\I. TOln \.vill be here at 3.30.
.Th.Jr..x....H.r.........,.
I III .... ........... ............ ........... .........,.. ............ .........., ....... <--lays.
M)' ........ ........... ......,..... ............ ............ ........",. .........". ........"..
To III .,.', .......... ..........',. ..........' ........... ............ .............. ............
Write at/on/in if necessary: Sometimes there is no preposition.
1 I'nlleavin(T .P..... Friday.
 ,
2 1'111 leaving ..-:::.___ next Friday. (no preposition)
3 I ahvays fed tired ............... the evening.
4 Win you be at hotue ............... this evening?
5 We \vent to France ............... last SUJ11111cr.
() Laura \vas born ............... 1975.
7 W hat are you doing .....00........ the \vcekend?
8 I phone Robert .......0000.... every Sunday.
9 Shall \ve play tennis ...............llext Sunday?
10 I can't go to the party ............... Sunday:
11 I'ln going out. I'll be back ............... an hour.
12 I don't often go out ............... night.
[201]

UNIT
97
A
B
from ... to
until
for
.
since
fron'} ... to ...
· We lived in C,anada fron'} 19B2 to 1990.
· I \\lork fron1. Monday to Friday.
You can also sav from. _. until... :
,
· We lived in C',lllada frOI11. 19H2 until 1990.
from Monday to Friday
Monday
Friday
until + the cud (?{a period
until Friday until Decen1.ber until 3 o'clock until I cOI1'}e back
· They're going J\vay tOlllOlTo\\r. T'hey'll be a\vay until Friday.
· 1 \\fent to bed early but I \vasn't tired. I re,ul a book until 3 o'clock.
· Wait here until I come back.
You can also say till (= until):
· Wait here till I COBle back.
C'0111pare:
· 'How long \,vill you be :l\\ray?'
· 'When are you cOIning back?'
until Friday
Friday
'Until fvlond,lv.'
J
'On MOllday'
C since + a (hue in tlte past (to 1'1.01-1/)
since Monday since 1968 since 2.30 since I arrived
We use since after the present pnfert (have been / have done etL):
· John is ill hospital. He has been in hospital
since Monday. (= fr0l11 J\llonday to no"v)
· Mr and Mrs Kelly have been In,uried since
1968. (fl-(>I11 196H to no\v)
· It has beell raining since I arrived.
COlllpare:
· We lived in Canada frot11 19R2' to 1990.
We lived ill Canada until 1990.
· NO\\T \\'e live in France. We cnne to France in 1 <)90.
We have lived in France since 1990. (= filHll 1990 untilnovv)
":.
;';,:"
since Monday
:--....
....;..
 ":-'..'.. . _,.(v . . :." :'': ':'.:' ,:'.:.::..."  -,; '. '::. ::. . ': '.. ., :;:. ,"t".," ., ":" .: ''':.' .
Monday
now
We use for (not since) + a period (ftimc (three days / ten years el.e.):
· John has been in hospital for three days. (not 'since three days')
D for + a period (?f time
for three days for ten years for ten tn.inu tes for a long time
· George stayed \l\lith us for three days.
. £'111 going J\VdY for a few weeks. for three days
· r r11 going a\vay for the weekend.
· They've been ll1.arried for ten years. Monday Tuesday Wednesday
[2021 present perfect -I- for/since => I:mIiIIlI present perfect (I have lived) .U1d pat simple- (I lived) => I!m1IaJ]

EXERCISES
UNIT
97
97.1 Read the information about these people and complete the sentences. Use from ... to I until! since.
AI.FX
A
",..
, 
":" .
f,.'i
\ l\t \ l!im'i' ')UU!1 l '
t.J,, ,,!I ,:.  r>,.t
I ll¥e in £ngl.o..nd., now.
I lived, in UtnlUW..
before.
I came it> £n9ldn(;l in
1990.
"" ICE
CAROL
(;EKH Y
)
I m 0... smsmo..n now.
I work in 0...
resto..uro..nt now.
I worked, Ln (L 110M
before.
I sto.rle<l work in tl1e
rest:av.ro..nt in 1993.
Alex Jived ,.__..,.frQ..J?.?:..J?Q.:..,
Alex Jived in C:anada ...................................... 19Y().
Alex has lived in EngLuu{ ........___.......___.........m.................................m..
Al ice lived i 11 ._____...".. ._____". _______.,. ________..,. ________,.. ________..,. __________... ________ __.. __ ._____
Al i ce has lived in .. ....__..,.. ...__...... .......... ,........... ............. ........... ............... ..____
Carc)l \\i'orke<..i ...,........................................... 1 )()() .....................................
Caro 1 has \vorkcd ...__...... ......... ........... ......___..., ..........." '..m.....' ......_....,' ...m..
Ge r ry" ,",vas a... _____.."... .----.., , ..____...,. __________. __ .______.. ..________... ----------., , __ .______.,.. ______.
,
Gerry h as been ...,. ...______" ________,. ....---..., , ....___..." .........". ..........., , ..__....., ,__.._....
I LWw.. Ln Fro..n<-e
before.
I COJY1 e to SwitzerLo..nd.
in 1991.
I was 0... tettcl1 er
before.
I sto.rle<l work GlS 0...
sGtLesmo..n in 1989.
1 (Alex / Canada / 19H2 -19)O)
2 (Alex / C:anada / ----7 1 ()()O)
3 (Alex / England / 19l)() ---?)
4 (Alice / rr.lIlCe / ---? 1991)
5 (Alice / Sv,,ritzerland / 1 991 ----7)
6 (Carol / a hotel / 1<>90 -19 C )3)
7 (Carol/ a restaurant / 1993 ---?)
H (Gerry / a tC;Khcr / 1983 - 1989)
9 (l;erry / a saleslnau / 1989 ----7)
Now write sentences with for.
10 (A lex / Canada)
1 I (Alex / EngJand)
12 (Alice / S\vitzerland)
13 (Carol / a hotel)
14 (Carol/restaurant)
15 (Gerry / a tcacher)
1 6 ((; erry / .1 sa 1csl11an )
91.2 Put in until/since/for.
.,.Ax......,-.:fur__....H;?"..._._
Alex has lived in England ...". .......... ........... ............ ........... ............. ............ ............. ......
Ali cell as ....."........""..........'"..... __... , , , , .. __.... , , ... __.... , , .. __ -.... . , .. _. --... , , , ... -- -... . , , . ... -- -.. . . , , .... -..... . , .. ____
Ca ro 1 '\Torked ....". ...___....,., ....______., ...___....' --.----.., , ,________..,. ________.,. __________.. ____________. __._______.. __.___
(_..l r() I ....____..,. ...______.".. .______.."" ,..__....".. ..__....... ........,. ...........,. .......,.., ........".. ..........., ............. ,.....
G errv _____....,,' ..____..."'. ............. ............. .......... ............ ............ ........... ......,..... ......,...... ............ ......

Gerr)T ........... ............ ............. .........".. ........." ...__...,. ....__....". ..__....'" ....__....,' ....__....." ..____...,'" ..__...
1 Mr .uId Ivlrs Kelly have becn 111clrried ._?__.. 1968.
2 I \,vas tired this n10rning. I stayed in bed ___............................ 10 0' clock.
3 We \\Taited t()1" Sue ....__m........___........... half an hour but she didn't C0I11e.
4 'l-1av(' you just arrived?' 'No, I've been hcre ........._........______....... half past seven.'
5 'IIO\\T long did YOll stay at the p.lrty last night?' '.......m_.................... nlidnight.'
G David and I are good t,"iends. We have kno\vn each other ............................... ten years.
7 £'111 t.ired. rIll going to lie <.Io\\/n ............................... a fe\v 1l1inutcs.
8 L)on'r opcn the door of the train ............................... the train stops.
9 This is I1IY house. I've lived here ......................m.....' I \\"as seven years old.
1 0 Jack has gone a\\i'ay. He'll be ;nvay ...........................___. Wednesday.
11 Next vrcek I'in going to Paris ..,..................___....... three days.
12 [usually finish \vork at 5.30, but sOlnetilues I \vork ....___........................ SLX.
13 'Ho\v long have you kno\vn Aun?' '........___.........___........ V'le \vcre at school together.'
14 Where have YOll been? I've been Vv'aiting for YOll .___........................... t\:venty n-unu teSt
[203]

UNIT
98
A
B
c
o
before
after
during
while
before
during
after
after
J
after \ve played
during, while and for
We use during + noun (during the filll.1.). We use while + llcrb (\vhilc rln watching):
. We dichl'r speak during the .-Heal.
but . We didn't speak while we were eating. (Hot 'during "\vc \\Tcrc eating')
Use for (not 'during') + c.l period (rtim(' (three days / two hours / a year etc.):
. 'We played tennis for two hours. (not 'during t\\10 hours')
. ] lived in London for a year. (not 'during a year')
You can use before/after + -ing (before going / after cating ele):
. I ahvays have brcakf..lst before going to \\Tork. (= before ] go to \\fork)
. Mter doing the shopping, they \\rent hOlne. (= after they did)
f)o not say 'bcfi.n-e to go', 'after to do' ete.:
. Before eating the apple, I \\rashed it Lircfully. (not 'before to eat')
. I started \vork after reading the ne\vspaper. (not 'after to read')
pLlst conliIHIOlLo;; (I was -illg) => UNns ,13-14 for => BD prepositions + -ing => I!DI!EI
12041 bfore/after/while/when > I!J:IIImJ
before the fihll
. Evervbodv is nervous before exams.
J J
. I \veI'l to slcep during the fihn.
. We \vere pired after our visit to the 1l11lSeUln.
before
. Don't forget to close the \vindovv' before you go out.
. I often go to sleep while r'n.1. watching television.
. '-1 'hey \.vellt hOtHe after they did the shopping.

EXERCISES
UNIT
98
8.1 Complete the sentences. Choose from the boxes.
hefore
after
during
\"-' hi Ie
+
the concert
the course
the end
th c cxaIll
lunch
the night
they \vcnt to Australia
you arc \vJ.ltlng
1 Everybody \ras nervous ..,@r.......X...... .
2 I llSl1.lHy \lork four hOUfS in the Inorning, and another t\VO hours ............................................................ .
3 The filtn \vas very boring. We left ___..........................................._____.....................................................m..........______.....______ .
4 Ann \\Tcnt to evening classes to learn C;ernl<ln. She learnt a lot .....m.......m.___......_____.....m.........'.................. .
:; My aunt and uncle Jived in London .......--..-----..................................,.......-........--.---......................................................... .
6 A: SOlHcbody broke a \vindo\\r ..................____...........................................__.....,..__...... Did you hcar anything?
B: No. I vras asleep all the tinle.
7 Would YOl1 llke to sit do\vn ... ......_........___...., ,......... .........,.... ...mm......____.............. ............ ........... .......... ..............m___........_____ ?
U ' A . I ?' ' N ,. ,
1 re you gOIng Ionle ..................___..................................'.....mm......._____ . 0, \VC rc gOIng to a restaurant.
98.2 Put in during/while/for.
1 We didn't S p eak ..... v'le \vere eating.
dUA . L
2 We didn't speak ........r9---. the lneal.
3 Ccorge phoncd .......___..................... you \vere out.
4 I stayed in R.unle __............................. five days.
5 Sany \\frote .1 lot oflcttcrs ....._____..................... she "vas 011 holiday.
6 The students looked very bored _.............................. the lesson.
7 I fell out of bed ...............__......___..... I \vas asleep.
S Yesterday evening I \vatched TV ......________................. three hours.
9 I don't usually \vatch TV ..........____._............... the day.
1 () 1)0 you cver\,vatch 'TV .....___....................... you c1rt' having dinner?
98.3 Complete the sentences. Use -ing (doing etc.).
1 After ..4:9.9.... the shopping, they \vent hOlne.
2 I felt sick after .........................-......._____ too Inuch chocolate.
3 1'111 going to ask yon a question. Think carefully before .............m.........____.....,... it.
4 J fdt \.vful \\fhCH I got up this I11orning. I felt better after _____....____......................... a shovver.
5 After ....................-----.....--....., Iny \\fork, I left the office and \lent honle.
6 Before ..._____......__...................... to a foreign country, it's a good idea to learn a fe\v \lords of the
language.
98.4 Write sentences with before + -ing and after + -ing.
1 They did the shoping. Then they \vent honle.
After .4P9__,__?...gP.P.9-L.......Q.''.m-.
2 John left schooL Then he worked in a bookshop for t\vo years.
J 01111 \\>'(J rke(:l ..... .......',. ...----, , ..........,... ......'.... ....--..,.. .------..".. ............. .......,..... ....--..,.. .-.---.., --------. --' ............. ............ ..........'.. ........., ........
3 I read a fe\v pages of IllY book. 'Then I \vent to sleep.
13 eta re .......... .......,. ..----...,. ........... .......... ...--.-..., ......--..,., ............ ......--..". .....--...... ........., ........... ............. .........,. .........,... ---.---..,.. .--.----.,.. ......
4 We \valkcd f()r three hours. We \vere vcry cired.
After .... ........, , .---....'" .......',. ........". .------"... ............ .........,.. --------.. .....--.....,.. ....................,.. ........,.. -----.--.., ----.--..,.. .........", ............. ........... .....
5 Lees have a cup of coffee. Then we'll go out.
.Le t)s ..--" ....--..".. .......... ......... .-----..... ............ ........... ...----..... ..........,... ............ ..........,.. ...--..,.. .--......., --.......... ............ ............ ..........' ......--......--
l205 J

UNIT
99
A
B
c
.
In
on
(places 1)
at
In
In :1. r001n
in J shop
.
In a car
in the ,vater
in ;l garden
in a to\lIl
in the city centre
in France
. 'Where's l)avid?' 'In the kitchen. I In the garden. / In London:
. hat's in that box / in that bag / in that cupboard?
. Angela \vorks in a shop / in a bank / in a factory.
. I had a SWill1 in the river / in the sea.
. Milan is in the north of Italy.
. I Jive in a town but I \VlIlt to live in the country.
at
0' IU 1Y1 !j desk)
7/
 ;Z1
?I'd' ""
./'"
(1 ...:..;. ]
'. }, '  ';'" !
II: .10: .:. 
r. !';. .' 
r..1 "l- - \1 1 T-..,
iili1' L......,
-'!,Vl \, -' 1
-..<.., ----
'.
...
at the bus stop
at the door
at thc traffic lights
. There's sOlnebody at the bus stop / at the door.
. The car is \vaiting at the traffic lights.
. Julia is \vorking at her desk.
at the top / at the bott01TI / at the end (of. . .):
. Write your nCllllC at the top of the page.
. My hOllse is at the end of the street.
at the bottotll (of the page)
on
r- .......

on :l \\lal1
on a door
on the ceiling ete.
on a shdf
on a plate
on a ba leon)'
on thc floor etf.
011
1 _;7<'
/
I , \
/ ,
[ _ ---1. _ I =-
. There are SOBle books on the shelf and SOIne pictures on the wall.
. There arc a lot of apples on those trees.
. f)on't sit on the grass. It's \-vct.
. There is a st;UllP on the envelope.
also on a horse / on a bicycle / on a nlotor-bike:
. Who is that 111an on the tnotor-bike?
stamp
l206] in/at/on (plan's 2)  m:m the top / the bottolll de. =:> mIl at/on/in (timc) => 

...
99.1
...
...
...
,
,
...
...
...
99.2
"
...
...
"
...
...
\
EXERCISES
UNIT
99
3
4



1 Where is he? __J.__.J.:..._.
2 Where are the shoes? ..............................................
3 Whcre is the pen? ..____..,...____...,__..___..,..________.....________
4 Where is the dock? .................................................
5 Where is the bus? .........................,............................
6 Where are the horses? ..m...............'..m...'..m__m....'
7 Where are they stalldirH!? _______........__.....'..m.........
'" '-.-'
S Where is she S\ViUllning? ..m.....'.____....,.__._____......__
9 Where is he standing? m...........................................
10 Where is the spider? .____..,.________..,..______....._____.....,.....
. 1 . 1 WI . I .. )
lerc IS lC sIttIng. ..........................................,.....__
12 Where is she sitting? _...............................................
Put in in/at/on.
1 I)on't sit ..n... the grass. I fs \vet.
2 What have yon got ,......._...... your bag?
3 Look! There's a lllan ...___......... the roof. What's he doing?
4 ')'here are a lot of fish .......m....' this river.
5 Our house is llllInber 45 - the 11llIuber is ............... the door.
6 'Is the CillenlJ near here?' 'Yes, turn left ..........m.. the traffIc lights.'
7 I llsually do IllY shopping .......m..... the city centre.
S .Nly sister lives .m......'..__ Brussels.
 Therc.'s a sn Ian park .._______..,... t!le top of the hill.
10 I think I heard the doorbell. There's SOlllCbody ............... the door.
11 Nlullich is a large city ..,............ the south of Gcrnlany.
12 There are a fc\v shop's .............__ the end of the street.
13 It's diffIcult to carry ,.1 lot of things ........___.__. a bicycle.
14 I looked at the list of nanles. My nann' vvas __......______. the botto]ll of the list.
15 There is a 1l1irror ____......_____ the \vclll ......________. the living rOOl1L
[207]

UNIT
'100


A


B


c


[208 J


.
In


(places 2)


at


on


.
In


in hed
in hospital ,I in prison
III a street
in the sky
in the \\Todd
in ::l. nev
i
paper / in a book
in a photograph / in a picture
in a car / in a taxi
in the Inidd1c (of...)


. 'Where's I{ate?' 'She's in bed.'
. DJvid's bther is ill. I-Ie's in hospital.
. I live in a Sill all street near the statioll.
. I like to look at the stars in the sky at nigbt.
. What's the largest city in the world?
.1 read about the- accident in the newspaper.
. You look sad in this photograph.
. Did you COJlle here in your car?
. '['here's a big tree il1 the middle of the garden.


at


at hOllle . Will you he at honle this evening?
k / 1 1 ' WI ' J / ?' ' Sl ' k '
at \vor at sc 100 . lcre s "' ate. 1C s at wor .
at university / at college .Helen is studying la\\! at university.
at the station / at the airport .Do you \\i.1nt nle to llleet YOli at the station?
atJane's (house) / at IllY sister's (hollse) / at the doctor's / at the hairdresser\ elc.
. 'Where were YOll yesterday?' 'At n1.Y sister's.'
.1 sa\v TOllI at the doctor's.
at .1 concert / at a party / at a fi)otball Hutch efc.
.There \\Tercn't ulany people at the party.


Often it is possible to use in or at for buildings (hotels, restaurants etc):
. We stayed at d nice hotel. or We stayed in a nice hotel.


on


-@








on a bus


on the first floor


on the \vay fi-01l1 A to B


011 J bus / on
l train / on a plane / on a ship
.1 )id you COl1le here on the bus?
011 the ground floor / on the first floor ete.
.The office is on the first floor. (not 'in the first floor')
on the way (to...) / on the way hOllle
.1 Jller Ann on the way to \vork / on the way hOBle.


in/atlon (places 1) =::;> I!I:IIIIJ to/in/at ==> mI!II on the left/right ==> I!I:Im




\


EXERCISES


UNIT
100


100.1 Look at the pictures and answer the questions. Use in/at/on + the words in brackets (...).


1


2


t:)
 a






 -

(a ship)
«



R


A'9


EJ



..

(the sky)
9


(-vvark)


1 Where is she? ..!
__
.

P
_
..
2 Where are they? ........'..____..,.......,.............,...............
3 Where is he? .......___..,................,.....__...............,..........
4. Where are they? .........................._.....__.....................
5 Where Jre the st
rs? .._....'.......................................
() Where arc thev? ..........'....._._....................................
J


7 Where is Brian? ........______'...............___............___..............
B Where is the restaurant? __...............'.___........,...______..,
Y Where is she? ............'..____........._____..,...............__............___
10 Where £11"<..' they? .........................._______.............__............,
1'1 Where are they? __.............__..................___............____.......
,
12 Where are they? .................___...............__................._____..


00.2 Put in in/at/on.


1 Helen is studying b\\1 ,
.. university.
2 There "vas a big table .___........... the 111iddle of the r00I11.
3 What is the longest river ____.........._ the "vodd?
4 Were there Juauy people .....___....... the concert last night?
5 WiU you he ............... hOIl1C' tOlrlOITO\V afternoon?
6 Who is that nun .....____...... this photograph? Do you kllo\\.' hiln?
7 Where are your childrell? Are they ............... school?
, "
8 George is cOIning by train. 1'111 going to Ineet hinl ___............ the station.
9 Charlie i
 .......,...---. hospital. He's going to have an operation tOInOrrO\v.
10 I 1.0\\l In
lny pages are there __............. this book?
11. 'Are you hungry after your journey?' 'No, I had J Illeal .............._ thc train.'
12 rill sorrv I'rn late. Mv car broke do"vn .______........ the \V
lV here.
4" J J
13 'Is Tbln here?' 'No, he's ............,.. his brother's.'
1. 4 DOIl't believe everything you see _.............. the nC\\7spapcr!
15 I \.valkcd to \vork but I caInc h01l1e .............., the bus.


l209]




UNIT
'101


A


10


.
In


a.1


(places 3)


to


go/col11.e/retl1rn/walk (elC.) to ...
" ,,!,1-(>-
. ,.
"'
 .



:
h
To Lordon
 ::

J;iJl/ii}fJ
,
-<.<
::.::::

.::/ ::.;
--:::;-::.
::::.
.
7 R{ ' .. . ./.,./ .,,', "'1"'
.... ... :-.....
.... .......

*'-:..-I' .....

-rr<>' .
. We)re going to London next \\reek.
. I \vaut to go to Italy.
. We walked fI'Oln rny hOllse to the city
centre.
. What tinlc do you go to bed?


B home


in/at (==> lJnits 99-100)
bel stay / do something (etc.) in ...
V\ -- f:7
J:: ").r;

YJ
¥....
f. ,. .
 . /.,
J ">:"" lN "':'<'::/
:"'" /
, . . .. .'. " ....... ..
.>
..
-':". ....:.. ::.<..--//.... ..
. lQ ,
.. ......
...... .?,... ...' ......".-
,
 ' ........ /""/.,"//'.,,,
," /
 " ..I" " ,I" >." ,.' ,.t"
/ ,'''.' '
1": ..:.
: .


. Picc:ldil1v Circus is in London.
-
. Nly brother lives in Italy.
. The Blain shops are in the city centre.


. I like reading in bed.


he/stay / do sonlething (de) at ...
:.aJ
 l - r --} iHllj

-
Uj;? ftt


 - L l

": ""'."'.':
'.!..
.__
-
<"

-=-
 - ----==---



fir


:::'.. '. :.' ""
'.,
.:- .' , . ,." ,": ::' ::', ": .'
. The bus is at the airport.
. Ann wasl1-'t at work Yf'sterday.
. llnet her at a party.
. Ann stayed at her brother's house.


go/ conlc/walk (ctt.) hotne (li/ill101It 'to'):
. 1'111 tired. rIll going honle. (n.ot 'to honH.
')
. Did YOll walk hOll1C?


be/stay/do s0111ething (etr.) at hOlne:
. rnl staying dt hOlne this evcning.
' WI ) A
, ' A h )
. lere.s 1111
 t orne.


C arrive and get
arrive in a counlry or lotH' (arrive in Italy / arrive in Paris ('fr.):
. They arrived in England LIst \vcck. (not 'arrived to England')
arrive at otfU'f plan
s (arrive at the station / arrive at work ele):
. What tin1c did you arrive. at the hotel? (uot 'arrive to the hotel')
get to (a place):
. Wh.tt tilHe did YOlI get to the hotel?
. What tilHe did yon get to Paris?
get houle / arrive home (no fJfl'j}()s;titm):
. I \:vas tired \oVhCIl I got home. or I \vas tired \vhen I arrived hon1.e.


l210] bl
cn to
 I!DD get (to...) -=> &D in/at
 UNRS 99-111





EXERCISES
UNIT
101
101.1 Write to orin.
1 I like reading .._.., bed.
2 We're goin b O' .....,......... Italv next n10nth.
L ,
3 Sue is 011 holiday........,...... I tall' at the
l1JOll1cnt.
4 ] 111USt go .......m..... the bank tod.lY.
5 I \vas tired, so I stayed ............,.. bed late.
6 What titue do you usually t!o ...'........... bed?
 01' ........r
7 Does this bus go ...__.______... the centre?
8 Would YOll like to live __....__.____.. dIlother
COlIn try?
101.2
Write to or at if necessary. Sometimes there is no preposition.
1 Paula didn't go __,__ \.vork yesterday.
2 I'lll tired. I'Ill going ...... horne. (no preposition)
3 Ann is not very \Ven. She has gone ............,.. thc doctor.
4 Would yon like to COIlle .m.........._ .1 party 011 Satnrday?
5 'ls Liz .._._....,._... hOl11C?' 'No, she' gol)e ........__..... \,\lork.'
6 ('here \-vere 20,000 people ________...____ the footbaB I"natch.
7 \X!hy did you go _______..__.___ ho]ue early last night?
H A boy jUluped into the river and S\Valll ......'u_..... the oLher side.
9 There \vere a lot of people \vaiting ...._.......... the bus stop.
10 \lie had a good nleal ............... a restaurant and thcn \i\re "vent back .m__.....____ the hotel.
'.
101.3
Write to, at or in if necessary. Sometimes there is no'preposition.
1 ]'nl not going out this afternoon. rill staying .m honle.
2 We're going __...._______.. a concert tOlltOlTO\\f evcni1lg.
3 I v\fent ___......___... Ne\v York last year.
4 Ho\v Long did you stay............... Ne\v York?
5 Next year \ve hope to go .......___..... C:anad..l to visit SOlllC fi-iends.
() Shall \.ve go __......._..... the cint'llla this evening?
7 Is there a restaurant ............... the station?
B After the accident threc people \\fere taken ............... hospitaL.
9 How often do vou g o ...,...____..... the dentist?
J 
I U ' { D . I ?' ' N 1 , A , ,
S Jane 1ere. 0, s le s .............., nn s.
11 My hOl1se is ,.............. the end of the street on the Jeft.
12 I \-\lent ..m____...... fv1ary's house but she \vasn't __.........._.. honl<:.
13 There were no taxis, so \ve had to \valk .______.....____ honK.
14 'What did you study............... uni,rersity?' 'I did]}'t go ......_____..., university.'
J01.4 Write to, at or in if necessary. Sometimes there is no preposition.
1 What till1e do you usua1Jy get ............m \vork?
2 What tirne do vou usually g et _.....h.____.. hOllle?
J , .
3 What titHe did you arrive '.mm....... the party?
4 When did you arrive __.....___..... London?
5 What tinH. does the train get ......m...... Paris?
6 We arrived ........_...... hOllle very late.
 01.5 Complete these sentences about yourself. Use to/in/at.
1 At three .o'clock this tllornillg I '7vas m...',...
2 Yes t e rclay ] \\re 11 t ....... . . . . . ...... . . . ........ . . . . . ....... . . . . ......... . . . . ......... . , . . .......... . , , . ... u __ __, , 'h __ __... . . h __ __ _. .. , . ... __.... , , , '.. _.... . . . . . ....... . . . , , . 'u.. __. . . , , .. __ ____
3 At 1. I, 0' dock yesterday 1l1orning I \vas ...........,..................................m.........__........_____......m...................................m_m..
4 011 e day' 1'(11 i keto g() ...... ....__..... ............ ...._........ ....._....,.... ........,.... ......,...... ........., ............. ..___.."'.. .____...... .........,... ............. ...........
5 J de) n ' t 1 j k e go irl g ..... _____..... _____...., ......._...... .........,.. ..........".. ...._......... ............ ........... ........".. ........".. ...____... __ ._____...... __..__...,... .............
6 At 9 0' dock ysterday evening I \vas ........_.........................................,........................................________......._.........................
[21 'II

UNIT
102
under behind
(p repositions)
opposite etc.
A ncxt to (or be-side) / bctween / in tront of / behind

. ..;.....-
....,..,......
......;..,..--'

c
-I ':':
.@ 
If' :..;
A is next to 13. or A is be-side B.
13 is betwecn A and C.
I) is in front ofB.
E is behind B.
E
also
A is on the left.
C is on the right.
B is in the 111iddle (ofrhc group).
B opposite / in front of
B ,==-1
A is sitting in front of B.
A is sitting opposite C.
C is sitting opposite A.
C by (= next to / beside)
 t , '.
. ..
r
 'II ! i ..: . Our house is by the sea. (= beside the sea)
":>- r." . _....;...._:..... \.. ' .
." , . Who is that nlan by the window?
. I . ,.  . \. .
.... ..... 1' :
" . '1 fI" ......, ,- ; '" '. 'Is there a public phone here?' 'Yes, by the door.'
&...It _e:(.. .
,:':::  i II :: -....... (I':"
. r..':..._...... "
,.... .L "'$I"'''' .... 
,..-.." '1'.'" ....-
1....... ."". .".. II.
...... ....  ". II .' . . .. .. '" ..
by the \\Titulo\\>'
o under
, ..-,.
........,.
. The cat is under the table.
. l"he girl is standing under a tree.
. l'n1 \Vearillg ajacket under IllY coat.
under the tethiC
under a tre.e
E above and bclow
;:-"':r:. A is above the line. , ': r(I], : : The pictures are above
A  -.-..: (= higher than the line) the shelves.
}"';": ,
"Y_. " B is below the line. ! (': The shelves .1TL' below
B :..:..:
... , (= lo\ver than the line) the pictures.
,"\1.  "<.,
f : rfI "
.-
[2'12J up/over/through ete. => mm by => m:IiIID

EXERCISES
UNIT
102
102.1 Where are the people in the picture? Complete the sentences.
T EFT
It I(HT
1 Colin is stlIHhng u,4...,. frauk.
2 frank is sitting __...,......................... Enllna.
3 Enuna is sitting ............................... Barbar3.
4 Enuna is sitting ............................... ])onna Jnd Frank.
S 1)on11.3 is sitting ......,........................ Enllna.
6 Frank is sitting _.......______..._________..... Colin.
7 Abn is standing _......______...,_______..,.... Donna.
R Alan is standing ............................... left.
BJrbara is standing ............._...........__.... nliddle.
A = Alan
D = ))onna
B = Barbara
E = Euuua
9
C, = C:o]j n
F = Frank
102.2 Look at the pictures and complete the sentences.
1 2 "!....
-
- .,." .,..,...., 41
.I........!..."..:(."'-'I.'!.":"...I..... . .
. :,..---;.,.: ;-..:..I
"
, "
 .,- 1'
.. ::-:. - 
10..: .
, t\ A "':- l'it i  ' .. ,,,.. -. ,  .--
I. ,. ._
 .-,
.. .=-:s=
- . ".1 ,. [ ==
," .:{- ,,,)...--=
' <!. . -'-1 --,==
- './' 1  '
...  ;: 
-... . (' -:!....r.....r;...::...1'
. ,.
- ' .
#!t.;, - / 1/.' f .I '/7J7.1 11
". _. " .....! !.!!.lli!
.. ..oE '" .
I The C3t is .....,__ the table.
2 There is a big tree ............'.................__ the house.
3 The plane is flying ................__.....,..._. the clouds.
4 She is standing ...........___._...u____...... the piano.
S The cinclna is ...___m.....____............. the right.
6 She's sitting ....____..,.....__............. the phone.
7 The: svvitcb is ........m.........___....,... the \vindo\v.
R The cupboard is ___........____........______.. the sink.
9 There are SaIne shoes ..........,..............____ the bed.
10 The plant is ........,..............__...... the piano.
11 Paul is sitting ___......_______......___...... Fiona.
12 In Britain V.le drive ......._____......_______...... the left.
02.3 Write sentences about the picture. Use the words in brackets (.. .).
1 (next to) .Th.....,._t..t9...tb)Qkbp.,...
2 (ill fion t of) The ........ ......... ............ ............ ............ ............. ............. ........... ,.....
3. ( Ol)posi tC' ) .... ............'.. .......... ...--...." ...----...'" ..----..., ...---......, ..---.....".. ..__......, ......
4 (llext to). ",... .._....."... ____..." ....__..." ..._____..,.. ....._...... ..______.... ...._.__..,.. ..____....,' ...._.
S (a b o\rc) ".. ....___...,.. .____._.." ________,., .._____....,. ________",. ________.,. _______. __.,. ________ _.". ______
6 (bct\vc en) "" .._____._,.., ._______" ...______", ,<_____...".. ______.,', .______...,'. ____.___..., .______._..,. __0___
12'13J

UNIT
103
up
over
to
- It
---
into (in)
 on
....)
. up t
over
.r.
through

..

along
"
past
through etc. (prepositions)
. Jane is going to France next \veek.
. We vv'alked frotn the hotd to the station.
. A lot of English \von:is COIne troln Latin.
L.
_ from
- .
. We jUlnped into the \vater.
. A Ulan caiue out of the house and got into a car.
. Why arc Y Olllooking out of the \-Villdow?
J 
. ) took the old b.lttcris out of the radio.
We say put sOlnethiug in _.. (no/usually 'into '):
. I put the ne\\! batteries in the radio.
. Don't put your feet 011 the table.
. Please take your feet off the tlble.
. rIll going to hang SOllle pictures on the \v311.
. Be c.lreful!' f)on't f11l off your bicycle.
. We gC)t on the bus in Princes Street.
.
out of
off
)
. We \\Talked up the hiU to the hOllse.
. Be careful! Dont £111 down the stairs.

!
down
.
round
You can also u.se around (= round):
. We \T\lalkcd around the to\\TIl.
round
the town
.
. I \vas \lalkillg along the road with Iny dog.
.) Jct's go for a \valk along the river.
. The dog S\.V:tlll across the river.

p
across
.Thcy \\talked past JllC \vithout spelkillg.
. A: Excusc 111e, ho\v do I get to tht' hospital?
D: Go along this road, past the cine-Ina,
under the bridge 311d the hospita] is on
the left.
cil'tetM

. The plane fte\v over the 11lolilltaillS.
. I jUInped over the \va]] into the garden.
. SOIne people say it is unlucky to \\Talk
under a ladder.
11
10$prll.J1 
[2'14J
get inion elc. ==> mD inion ==> UNITS 99-100 to => UNIT 101 fall off I run a\vay de => m:iIIli
..
under
. A bird flc\v into the r00l11 through a vlindo\v.
. The old road goes through the village. @
. The ne\v road goes round the vinage. 
. ')'h<.' bus stop is just round the corner.
. r vvalkcd round the t()\\Tn and took SOlTlt'
photographs.

EXERCISES
UNIT
103
.103.1 Somebody asks you the way to a place. You say
which way to go. Look at the pictures and write
sentences beginning Go ... .
{ hh'hmhmmhhmmm J
. . . . . . .......... . .. . . . .. ......... . . . .  --
,
"
,
'.
'103.2 Look at the pictures and complete the sentences with a preposition.
,
-----=-----=:: s>
< ,il _,- '1
.-- .'"W" 0
-
'.
1 The dog sVl/arn .....th river.
2 A book fe11 _....'.m........___....... the shelf.
3 A plane f1C\\' ....._____......___......... the village.
4 A "V01113n got ............................ the car.
J A girJ ran m......................,.. the road.
6 Suddt'nly a car carne ______..'.._m........... the corner.
7 I'hev drove ......................_..... the vi11a!!c.
 ,
R Thev 2:ot .............,.............. the train.
 ,-,
9 The Moon travels .m.............,.......... the Earth.
10 Thev (Tot ......_____...... the house ................ a \vindo\-v.
,t-.
--
103.3
,
Put in a preposition (over/from/into etc.).
\
1 I looked ....................... the \:vindo\v and \\7atched the people ill the street.
2 Mv house is verv near here. It's J . ust ....................... the corner.
, 
3 1)0 you kno\v ho\,\' to put a filnl ........____.........__ this c.lJllcra.?
4 H OVv' [u' is it __.__.....__........___ here .....___.......__._____ thc lirport?
5 We \valked ....'.._m............ the 1l1llSeUIl1 for all hOllr and sa\.v a lot of interesting things.
G You call put your coat ..........m...'...... the back of the chair.
7 In tennis, YOll have to hit the ball ....................m the net.
S Silvia took a key,...................... her bag and opt'ned tht' door.
"
\
[215]

UNIT
104
A
B
c
o
E
on at by with
(prepositions)
about
on holiday
on television
on the radio
on the phone
on fire
on tin'le (= not late)
. Jane isn't at \\fork this \\leek. She's on holiday.
. \Ve \\fatched the lle\AlS on television.
. We listened to the IH:'V\lS 011 the radio.
. I spoke to Carol on the phone last night.
. 'rhe house is on firc! Call the fire brigade.
,\Yl h . I " N . .,
. was t e traln ate. 0, It \:vas on ttnlC.
at (the agc of) 21 / at 50 kilon'lctrcs an hour / at 100 degrees elc.:
. Lisa got 111arricd at 21. ((>1' '._ at the agc of21.)
. The car vvas trlvdlil1g at 50 kilon'lctres an hOUf \vhen the accident happened.
. Warer boils at 100 degrccs celsius.
by car / by bus / by plane (or by air) / by bike ('tc:
. 1)0 \lOll like travelling b y train? b b
 '"-, y us
. J.lnc USU,ll1y goes to \\lor1.. by bike.
but on foot:
. She goes to \vork on foot. (= she \valks)
----
-= ---==?'I
Ih -' - - -;-=-  - M ' &Jft J1!L/;\.'1._
I,  ,.' ", 7 N.ll JLfJ-
' '. -l  " j', fin _'2!' L",,- :1>-',' [. .
'? L-- uU '  '" '. ",
_ "7" ' . ' ", . c. :...'.;.. >..:,.. .-:::::-
>- ", ..','-- . 
> - ....' - --.. --
----------'< -". -----
----- ----........ ---- ----
on foot
a book by .'. / 3 painting by ... / 3 piece of nmsic by .., I'(c.: 
. Have you read any books b y. Charles Dickens? / r   JJ J  
" ( I ' I ) ,IIJI) t .  m '?.
. Who is that painting by? Picasso? llc tit e .l)t &.;t;.>
by C';i: "'V. .*"':
(the writnJ -- 'l "
by after the passive (==> Unit 21):
. I \-vas bitten by a dog.
with/without:
. Did vou stav at a hotel or with friends?
, ,
. \X1.'lit for l11e. Please don't go without nIC.
. Do you like your eotree with or without milk?
. I cut the paper with a pair of scissors.
a lllan with a beard / a \VOlllan with glasses elf.:
. 1)0 YOll knO\\T that Jllan with the beard?
. I'd like tn have a house with a big garden.
I \$r.i'J,J. \
I "j
fr1 '( 1" i>' )i-
_ ..""
..) ,/ ""I
\;!:/,:'::-/
/., - 
," 1'1 . ",'
 -' "..,,\':
.  ";";\
''-- (!
'"" ,m;"
, .,
, "
a Inan with
d beard
a wornall
with gla)ses
talk/speak/think/hear/know about... :
. SOllle people talk about thcir work ,Ill the tinlc.
. I don't know J.Hueh about cars.
a book / a question / a programme (efe) about... :
J)id yon see the programme about computers on TV 1.1st night?
[216.1 by => UNtfS 21, 62,,102 at/on => UNITS 96,99-100 preposition + -ing => mm1

..........
 104.1
-.
-
-, 04.2
-...
-...
-...
........"
-
.......
.-....
-.
........
.04.3
.......
......
.........
......
""'"
.......
.......
.......
....,
........
.......
EXERCISES
Complete the sentences. Use on + one of these:
holiday the phone thc-r-adie- television titne
1 We listened to the ne"\vs ..Q.,_.r,-.....
2 Please don't be late. Try to be here ..._........................___.....,________.........................
3 I vVOll't be here next \\lcek. 1'111 going ......,....................____......_.__...,.......,................,
4 'l)id you see LinLt.?' 'No, but I talked to her ..............______.....__......................_____......__........'
5 'What's ............______...______'...__m.................................. this evenin g ?' 'There's a fihn at 9 o'clock.'
L .
6
"
6RAMMR L
;
Vera P. Bull
(
1 I cut the paper _.... a pair of scissors.
2 She usually goes to \vork ............... car.
3 Who is the VI/Oll1an .............., short hair?
4 They are talk.ing ____..,...._... the \veather.
5 The car is ............... fire.
6 She's Jisteuing to SOl1le 1l111sic ............... Mozart.
7 The plane is flying n............. 600 11liks an hour.
S They're _.............. hoJiday.
<J Do vou kno\\l the n1a11 ......_____..., sUIl2:1asses?
J L'
10 )-Ie\ reading a book ............... grall1lllar ,.............,
Vera P Bull.
Complete the sentences with a preposition (at/by/with etc.).
1 In tenuis, you hit the ball ............... a racket.
2 It's cold today. l)on't go out ............... a coat.
3 Hll1nlef, Othello Jnd Aiacbcth are plays ............... Willial11 Shakespeare.
4 Do you kllO\V lnything ....,.......... cOlnputers?
5 My grandIllother died ............... the age of98.
6 [Io\v long does it take tJ-ol11 ,Ne\v York to Los Angeles ...__........._ plane?
7 I didn't go to the football .-natch, but I \vatched it ............... television.
S My house is the:' one ..____......___ the red door on the right.
9 These trains lre very (1st. They can travcJ ............... very high speeds.
10 I don't use Ill)' car very often. I prefer to go ............... bike.
11 Can you give 111e SOlllC infonnatioll ____....'.___n hotc1s in this tOVI/Il?
12 I \vas arrested ......__....... t\VO policcl1)en and taken to the police station.
13 The buses here are very good. They're neady ahlays .............__ tiUlt'.
14 What \:vould YOLI like to drink ............... your Inea1?
15 We travelled frol11 Paris to MosC()\v .............., traill.
16 llnc of the l1)ost faluous pailltings in the \\'or1d is the 1\-1011(1 Lisa ....._......... Leonardo da Vinci.
UNIT
104
[217]

UNIT
'.105


afraid of ... good at ... etc.
preposition + -ing (good at -ing etc.)


A


afraid of ... I good at ... ete (at!ierlilJc + preposition)

Q

e
:
:J Help!
\£ 'if" ;;;r,-,
"r M
-
:\j . to'):
J
 1'--
\ . '-'{I< '
J



 .



''--


- ---
_." . '--'. U
.

---'_.-...........



afraid of . . .


angry with sOluebody
angry about sot11cthillg


different from ...


fed up with '0'


full of ...


good at ... I bad at . _ .


interested in ...


tnarried to _._


nicc/kind of sornebody to ...
(be) nice/kind to (sonlchody)
sorry about (solllcthing)
sorry for (doing sOlnething)


. Are you afraid of dogs?
. Why arc you angry with file? \Vhat have I done?
. Arc you angry about last night? (= sOll)cthing that
happened last Hight)
. Ann is very different from her sister.
. I'in fed up with 1111" job. I \V
ult to do sOJuething
different. (= I've had enough of Iny job)
. The H)Olll \vas full of people.
. Are you good at 1l1.1ths?
. 'T'ina lS very bad at \'''Tiring letters.
. rUl not interested in sport.
. Sue is u'tarried to a dentist. (= her husband is .1 dcntist)
. J t \V,lS kind of you to help us. Thank you very 111uch.
. David is very fi-iendly. He's ,.hvays very nice tp llle.
. I'nl atraid r can't help you. I'Ul sorry about that.
. rIll sorry for not phoning you yesterday. (or 1'111 St)rry
I didn't phone you)


B pnposition + -ing
After a preposition (at/with/for etc.), a verb ends in -ing:


I'lll not very good at
Are you fed up with
r III sorry for
Mark is thinking of
T0l11 left without
Mter


telling
doing
lIot phoning
buying
.
saYIng
doing


stones.
tht' S;l1ne thing cvery day?
you yesterday.
a n ev\>' car.
goodbye. (= he didn't say goodbye)
the shopping, they \lvcnt hOllle.


l218J before/after -ing => mI:] think about/of=> I!III!IiJ




EXERCISES
UNIT
105
105.1
1 J-Ie's afi'aid .Qf.... dogs.
2 She's interested ........_...... cicllce.
3 She's flurried m..'..m__.. €l t()otbalkr.
4 She's vcry good ............... bnguages.
5 f-Ie':-- f'Cd up ...__.......... the \vcather.
6 'Can T help you?' 'Oh, that's very kind __.....________ you.'
105.2 Put in the right preposition (of/in/with etc.).
 I'nl not interested ,.. sport.
2 1'111 not vcr V g;ood _________._______...___ S F 1ort.
, ...
3 I like Sarah. She's ahvays very kind .._____...........m.. Ine.
4 I'1n sorry....................... your broken \vindo\v. It \vas an accident.
S I-Ie's very brave. lie isn'r afraid ....................... .1Ilything.
6 It \vas vety nice no..................._ Julia to Jet us stay in her flat.
7 Life today is very different ..________....._.______ lif'C 50 years ago.
8 Arc you interested ..____........__...,.._ politics?
9 Sornf' people are afi-aid ....................... spiders.
lO (Jlfis ,vas angry......................, \vhat happened.
11 These boxes arc very heavy. fhey are fLlll _______......_..____... books.
12 rIll sorry __.....m............. getting angry....................... you yesterday.
05.3 Complete the sentences.
1 rill not very --9.'?4....9.... stories. (good / tell)
2 I \v£lnted t<) go to the Cillellla but PauL. \vasn't .______.......______........___..................................... (interested / un )
 \ b
3 Sut' iS11 't very ....____...,..___........___........___...,.._____.........___:........_____........_.____... U p in the 1l10rning. (e:oad / g et )
 ,-. ,-.. "-
4 Let's go! 1'111 .............................................................................................. (fed up / wait)
5 1'111 .....____...._____...._______....______...._______.._________....________.....____......... you up in the nlidd1e of the night. (sorry / \vakc)
105.4 Complete the sentences. Use without -ing.
I (unn Icft / he didn't s,.y goodbye)
2 (Sue \,valked past Ine / she didn't speak)
3 (J)on't do anything / ask tIle first)
4 (I \vent out / J didn't lock the door)
-T-----Q.,,9..9..#.H.---
S II e \,valkecl ________" __..___..'" ..____...."'. ............ .......... .__........" ....___...., ._______
J ) ,
,_ 01) t ...__....,.. __ ........, ....__o..... _______ __.... ______...".. ...__....,.. ____......... ........... ..__...
I ......... ..........., .........." ........'" ..__.__..'" ...______.,.. __.___...". ....__...." ............. .........
'05.5 Write sentences about yourself. Use the words in brackets (.. .).
I (interested) ..r.......PQry....
2 . (afraiel) I' ]ll . ........... ......,...... ......,..... .......,.... ................ ........... .........', ..____....,,' ...____..... .______.." ..----....' , ..____......, ...............
3 (ll() t \Tery good) 1'111 n ()t ... ......,.... .............. .............. ............. .........,.. .........' .........'", ..__.....".. ...___.__, ...___...." ....___..,'" ,.......... .....
4 (!lOt illtcrestel-I) ........'.. ....,....' .........,. ..........". .........'",.. ............ ............ ............ ........,,'. ...__.__.,', ,______..... ________." .______..." ..____...". ......
S (fed. t 1 I) ) .......,'. ........" ...--....".. .........', ..........'.........,.......... .......... ........... ......""... ----.."" -- -----.... ---------.., ..-._._...,.. .____.............
1 219 1

UNIT
106
A
listen to ... look at
(verb + preposition)
. . .
etc.
ask (sornebody) for. . .
belong to ...
happen to . _ .
listen to _..
speak/ talk to sOInebody about
sOluething
thank sOlllebody for .._
think about _ _. or think of . . .
wait for. . .
write to sOlnebody
but (tele)phone sonlebody (no
preposition)
. A nUll stopped lue and asked me for rnoney.
. JJoes rhis book belong to you? (= Is this your hook?)
. [can't find tHY pen. What's happened to it?
. Listen to this Inusic. It' he3utifi.ll.
. Did YOll talk to Paul about the problcln?
. (on the ph01U) Can I speak to Chris, please?
. Thank you very Illuch for your help.
. He never thinks about (or of) other people.
. Mark is thinking of (or about) buying .1 nc\v car.
. l)on't go yet. Wait for IHe.
. I never get letters. .N obody writes to Jue.
. J Blust phone I11Y IMrcnts. (Hot .phone to 111Y parents')
B look at / look for / look after
look at ...
look for. . .
(= try to find)
look after ...
(= t.lke care of, keep safe)
C depend
. She's looking at her \;\T<ltch.
. Look at these flo\'ers! They're heautiful.
,
. Why arc you looking at tIle like that?
. I-Ie's lost his key_ He's looking for it.
I'nllooking for Sarah. I-lave you seen her?
. When Barbara is at \\Tork, a friend of hers looks after
her children.
. Don't Jose tills book. Look after it. (= Keep it slfc.)
We Sety depend on ... :
. A: Do you like eating in restaurants?
B: Sotnetin1es, It depends on the restaurant. (Hot 'it depends of')
You C.lll Sety it depends what/where/how (ete.) with or without on:
. A: Do YOll \vatU to COine out "\vith us?
B: It depends where you're going. 01' I t depends on where. ..
For \.yord order (It depends \\There you're going.), see Unit 48.
(2201 wait. ==> ED preposition + -iug  

-.
 106.1
"'
"'
"
"'
"'
, 06.2
"'
'"
"
'"
'"
,
. 06.3
...
...
....
EXERCISES
UNIT
106
Look at the pictures and complete the sentences with a preposition (to/for etc.).
1
2
3
4 PAUL 5 6
.'  
?J n=
t>  q  fJ CA'Q . \. t.J.  "1
". J) r'-- '.  g l'
\ . rJ> I' \ I' -"ll  t-; Y
" ,  "..'..! I. 
r . ! I /,:<1; I' SUF / f
J,\to:;E lLL" ,:,.. -\j
<:iii-
I She's looking ,..., her vl/atch.
2 H'e's listening .....m......_ the radio.
3 TI ' . . .
 ley re vVUt1ug ....___.,...... a tlXL
4 Paul is talking ......._.______ Janc.
S They're looking ......____...., a picture.
6 Sue is ]ooking ...m........_ Tonl.
Complete the sentences with a preposition (to/for/about etc.) if necessary.
'I Thank you very 111uch _:fur___ your help.
2 This is not IllY llIllbreJla. It belongs .m....'...__. a frieuel of rnine.
3 (on the plume) Can J speak ............... Mr l)avis, please?
4 (on th.e ph01U:) rrhank you .......m..... phoning. Goodbye.
5 What happened ,..._____...... Mary bst night? 'Why didn't she COlue to the party?
6 We're thinking .___........___ going to Australia ncxt year.
7 We asked the \vaiter ........m...' coffee but he brought us tea.
S '1)0 YOlllikc reading books?' 'It depends ..........___.. the book.'
9 J ohl1 \\ras talkiu()' hut nobodv \vas listening ............... \vhat he \vas savin g .
t"> '" L.r J (,...
10 We \./aited .........m... !{aren until 2 o'clock hut she didn't corne.
11 ' A . . I ?' "f [ ' . . D "'
.. rc YOll \.vntlng a cttcr. Jes, 111 "'Tlung ............... lane.
12 [Jon't h)rget to phoue .,_______.,..__ your 1110ther this evening.
13 He's alone all day. He never talks ....__......... anybodv.
. J J
14 '[ lo\.v 11luch docs it cost to stay at this hotel?' 'It depends ______,...,.... thc type of roolll:
15 Cdtherine is thinking .'.m.....'... changing herjob.
Complete these sentences. Use at/for/after.
1 I looked ............... the nevvspaper but I didn't read it carefully_
2 When you arc ill, you need sOll)ebodv to look ...'....___m. you.
.. J '"
3 Excusc iDC, riB looking ............... Ilill Street. Can you tell HIe w'herc it is?
4 Goodbye! Have a .nice holiday and look m......mm yourself.
::; I'rl1 going to take a photograph of you. Please look ............... the caluera and Sllli1c.
6 Barry is looking ............... a job. He \vants to \\lork in a hotel.
06.4 Answer these questions witllil depends ... .
...
...
"
...
....
...
1
2
3
4
J
6
Do you vI/ant to go out \-vith us?
1)0 VOlt like eating in restaurants?
, '-.
Do yon enjoy \vatching TV?
Can vou do s0l11ethine tor rne?
J '-'
Arc )'Oll going a\.\ray this \veekcnd?
Can you knd 111C S()lnc rnoney?
..I---4...r..,H...9Q9__'__.
,.t__4, ,9.....,,".,..___
It (1 ep e 11tis __ _.... ______..", ..__00.."'.. ........,... ........,'... ..0000..'" ..______,.,... ..__.
It ...00...."'.. ...00._.." ._______,.. ._____._,.," ..____...'" ............. ........'", ..noon.." ..._____
[221 ]

UNIT
"107
go in falloff
(phrasal verbs 1)
run away etc.
A pI-nasal l){>rh is a verb (go/look/be ele.) + in/ out/ up / down Cle.
In
-EJ
::-..
. Ann opened the door of the car aHd got .
in. (= into the car)
. r "vaited outside the house. I didn't go in. .
on
CJ
GET ON
. The bus arrived and I got 011.
up
t
. I-Ie stood up and left: the n')0111.
. I usually get up carly. (= get out of bed)
. We looked up Llt the stars.
away or off
.. .
:,:
RUN l\ \"(/A Y
. The thief ran away. (or... ran oft)
. Ann got into the car and drove away.
(or. .. drove off)
be/go away (= in/to another place)
. Ann has gone a'\vay for a fe\\l days.
over

D
TURN
OVER
. 'The \,v<111 \vasn't very high, so \Vc climbed
over.
. Turn over and look at the next page.
r.OOJ{
nUT
"' ,
ofT

(j.;-" <,//, \ FA 1.1. uFF
,." ,I ) 1 .,.
. Be careful! Don't fall ofi
down
J  I
..,-:..- . 
/"
f
.

"
F 1\ T T
»()W:--I
. Would you like to sit down?
. The picture fell down.
. Lie down on the floor.
back !
- COI\.1E BACK
. We \-vent out for dinner and thell went
back to Ollr hotel.
. Go 1\.v,lY and don't come back!
be back:
. Ann is ,l\vay. Sh 'II be back on Monday.
round (or around)
LOOK
ROUND
. SOIllcbody shouted rllY nJllle, so I looked
round (or around).
. \Ve went for a long \.valk. Afi:er six Illiles \ve
turned round (or around) and \-vent back.

[222] get => I!III:J put on .I take off ete. (phrL1sa] verbs 2) => I.'mIII!J] list of phrasLll verbs => APPENDIX 6

EXERCISES
UNIT
107
07.1 Look at the pictures and complete the sentences. Use the verbs in the list + in/out/up etc.
got got leaked looked rode sat turned went
3  ......;.- / _.-.;7 4
> 
 :--
 / Ij
---""-1 \........f-/--,'..,
 I J
- /. -
, '\ /
I I \, .il.
1 I \vent to the \.Villdo\-v and .Jq....9..:..
2 The door \\las open, so \VC ...............___.........___........
3 He heard a pbne, so he ..__......_____.....______......_______......
4 She got on her bike and ___..,...____...,..___...,..................
5 I said hello and he .....................................___................
6 The bus stopped and sht' ...,.....................................
7 There \\laS a tiee seat. so she ___.....,...___...................
8 A car stopped and t\\10 IHen ___.........________..,..._____...
07.2 Complete the sentences. Use out/away/back etc.
1 'What happened to the picture on the \vaH?' 'It fell .... .'
2 Please d01l't go .............'................. ! Stay here vl/ith n1C.
3 She heard a noise behind her, so she looked .......___..........___........ .
4 rin going ...................,.........., 110\V to do SOJne shopping. I'll be .....___....,..______.......___ Lit 5 o'clock.
5 1'n1 fcc1ill1! very tired. 1'111 g oine: to lie ............................... on the sofa.
........... <1.._ '-..J'
6 When you have read this page, turn ....._......._..__......,...... and read the other side.
7 Jilll is frOlll C,lnada. }-]e lives in London now but he\vults to go mm.......m.._.......__... to Canada.
8 We havl'n't got a key to the house, so \ve can't get ........,...................... .
9 I \,vas very tired this 1110rning. I cOl1ldn't get ............................... .
1 () Ann is going on holiday next 1l1onth. She' going ..m...........__............. on the 5th and cOl1ling
............,............,..... on the 24th.
07.3 Complete the sentences. Use a verb from the box + on/off/up etc. If necessary, put the verb into the correct
form. All these phrasal verbs (wake up etc.) are in Appendix 6.
break
fall
glve
hold
slo\v
spc<lk
take
-\i\-e
-I- on/off/up/down/over
carry
get
1 I \\rent to sleep at 10 o'dock dnd ,..-..p.m at eight o'clock the next 1110rning.
2 ' I ' . " . I , i '
t s tUllC to go. ..............__.........m__......m.........mm..'...._mm......___ a Ul1Hute. III not real y yet.
3 The train m........m......mm......mm....___U........u___.........___..... and finally stopped.
4 1 like flying but 1'111 ah\rays nervous \-vhen the plane ............___.........___........___.......'.__.m.......mm......__m .
 I-IO\-\.' \vas \lour exaln? Ilo\v did vou ..............................................................,.............. ?
J ,
() It's diflicult to hear you. Can YOll ............................................................................. a little?
7 This car isn't very good. I t has ......................................m...................,....___......... nlany tinlcs.
8 When babies try to \v<llk, they s(}llletilnes ...'..mm........mm___'...nm__....._............................... .
9 1 told hinl to stop but he __......mm_......m........_mm......__.m___.....__.mm...'_____. Perhaps he didn't hcar 111C.
10 I tried to find a joh but I ..m__....'...........,...__............__...........m........Umm...'. It \.vas il11possib1c.
l223] ,

UNIT
"108
put on your shoes
(phrasal verbs 2)
put your shoes on
A SOlllctinlCS a phr.lsal verb (put on / take off ctc.) has an olje(t. For cxarupk:
l/l'rh object
put on your coat
verb objcct
take off yonI' shoes
.

.
..
'.'
', ',,-
 .'.
. 
TAKE OFF
>
!<-
PUT 01\'
,',
I
" I
. ;;' 'II 1\\
You can SIY:
put on your coat
or put your coat on
take off your shoes
or take your shoes off
hut it/thetn (pronouns) ahvays go lJt.:/Jre on/off etc:
put it on (not 'put on it') take thetll off (not 'take ofTtheIn')
. It \vas cold, so [ put on Ill}' coat.
(or I put IllY coat on)
. Here's your coat. Put it on.
· 1'111 going to take off In}' shoes.
(or take IHY shoes of!)
· Your shoes are dirty. Take them off
B SOBle ITIOIT phrasal verbs + olUcct:
turn on I turn off (lights, machines, taps etc.):  _  _  o D 
. It \-vas dark, so I turned on the light.
(or I turned the light on)
. I don't \vant to \\i'atch this progranll1le. OJ\:
You LIB turn it off
a/so switch on / switch off (lights, rnachincs etc.):
. [ switched on the Jight and switched off the television.
pick up / put down:
. Those arc IllY keys on the floor. Cdrl you
pick them up [or HIe?
. I stopped reading and put fllY book down.
(or put down Jl1Y book)
...
, ., . T
. ...;., "I'" ,.. C")r
, . ".  'J
'},:;-" .,',  D 1 '
. h . j.
I '.. ,- -
,  .., 1 -........;:. .: .
TURN{WF
OFF
 SWITCH
PUT
DOWN
bring back / take back / give back / put back:
. You can take IllY lUllbrella but please
bring it back.
. I took rllY ne"v s\-ve.ltcr back to the
shop. It \-vas too sHull fc}r rne.
. I've got Dialle's keys. I rnt1st give
them back to her.
. I read the letter and then put it back
in the enveJopc.
TAKE... /
-............
BR ING
BACK
[224] go ill I fall off ct.c. (phrasal verbs 1) => mm more phrasal verbs -/- object => APPENDIX 7

""
'- 108.1
"
...
...
.....
.....
EXERCISES
UNIT
108
Look at the pictures. What did these people do?
1 2
I tJLTItf
1 He .r.,..,.,..:.J9R...Jt),.
2 S lIe ..". ......", ......., , ......., , ,.......", ..___.., ,...__...,.. .._____,... _______.." ....__.
3 He.." ..h_.'" ,......", ......." ........" ........, , ...__...,. ...___..." ...___...., ..._.___.
4 S 11 e...,..... ........., ,........., , ...______.,' ......_....,.. ........... ........."" ........
5 He....,..... ............ ........".. ....__...... __..__....... ............. .......... .......' ,
6 511 e ...,.. ........... ........." ............, ...______.., ..........." ......,..... ........."
... 108.2 You can write these sentences in three different ways. Complete the table.
"
" 108.3
"
108.4
\
"
...
...
"
"
"
\
1
2
3
4
5
6
I tnrned on the radio.
I-Ie put on his jacket.
S:h e ______.,.. .____.'" ..____.". .______".. .__...,...__
Put do\-vu your pens.
They gave back the Illoney.
I bArne4 the ro..d.W on.
................--..........................-----....----------...
lie .........................................................
She took her glasses otTo
I bAme4 i.t on.
.............................-.........-----
He .._....,' ..........", ............. .........' , ...______.".
I turned the lights off.
Complete the sentences. Use one of the verbs in the list + it/them.
bring pick switch take tafn (+ on/ off/ up/back)
1 I \.vanted to \\ratch sOlllcthing on television, so I ..r.,_........ .
2 I bought a Lllllp but it doesn't \vork. 1'111 going to ........................_...,...______..,...____.............. to the shop.
3 There \vere SOIlle gloves 011 the floor, so J ..______........_.____...........,........................ and put theln on the table.
4 When [ finished \vorking on the COluputer, I ..._....'....___....,...._.................................... .
5 T'hank YOll for lending nle these books. I \von't forget to .....................,................................___..... .
Complete the sentences. Choose from the boxes. All these verbs are in Appendix 7.
your cigarette
a pair of shoes
a glass
ret:}-tl-t.tttses
or l1Ie / it / then1
up
d(Yl\:-n
In
out
on
over
a\\Tay
round
1 They knocked ,..bQ....49...(QR...4P........;?).... "\vhen they built the ne\\! road.
2 That lllusic is very loud. Can you turn ....49.___... ?
3 I knocked .............................................................. and broke it.
4 If you \vant to know \vhat a \l\lord 11leanS, you can look '..______......................................... in a dictionary.
:=; I \VU1t to keep these 111dgazines. Please don't thrO\l\l ........................___..........__....,.................. .
6 S011lebody gave rne a fonn and told ll1e to fin ....................................___.......______.......... .
7 I tried ............................___........_...........___........ in the shop but J didn't buy them.
8 I visited the schooL One of the teachers sho\ved ..__..___.....___........................................,.___ .
9 (1)0 you play the piano?' 'No, I started to learn but [ gave .........,............................... after a Il1onth.'
10 You're not allo\ved to sIlloke here. Please put ______........_____.....___..............,.................... .
[225]

UNIT
'109
and
but
or
so
because
A I and but or so because I
We use these \vords (corilfnrtioNs) to join DNa sentences. They Blake one longer sentence
fi'onl t\vo shorter sentences:
scntence 4
The car stopped.
Tbe driver got out. scntcNrc B
T'he car stopped and the driver got out.
B
.
and /bu t/ or
scn feUCf A
We stayed at h0l11e
My sister is lllarried
He doesn't like her
J bought a nCVilspaper
I t's a nice house
Do YOli \.vant to go out
and
and
and
but
but
or
sentence B
(\\iT)* watched relevisioll.
(she)* lives in London.
she doesn't llkc hinl.
I didn't read it.
it hasH't got a arden.
.-lIT you too tired?
* It is not necessary to repeat
, , d ' l '
\ve an s 1 e .
Study these sentences. We use and bet\VeCll the last t\VO things:
. I got hOlllC, had sOlllething to eat, sat do\,vn in all annchair and feU asleep.
  
. AIlll is a \vork, Sue has gone shopping and Chris is playing fi)otball.
c so (tlte rcslIlt (fsom('thi1/l!.J
sente11cc A
[t \vas verv hot, so
,
The \vater \vasn't dean, so
'They like filrns, so
sen.tcHre H
J o11l'ncd the ,vindo\\':
\/e didn't go sw'inlI11ing.
they often go to the CinCll1J.
D because (the reaS011 for someth.ing)
scntencc A
I opened lhe\vindovv'
We didn't go S\Vinlluing
] .isa is hungry
because
because
because
senteNce H
it \vas very hot.
the \vater \vasll't dean.
she didll't have breakfast.
Because is also possible at the beginlling:
. Because the water wast}'t clean, \ve didn't go s\vinuuing.
E
[n these exalnplcs there is Illore than one conjunction:
. It \vas late and ] \\7as tired, so I \ven t to bed.
. ] (lhvays enjoy visiting Londol1 t but I \-voulcln't like to live there because it's too big.
[226"
when! while/bet ore de. => ImIiIiEI

...
EXERCISES
UNIT
109
09.1 Write sentences. Choose from the boxes and use and/but/or.
...
...
...
...
'.
...
J stayed a t-h(7H+e-;-
I boug l=i{ R nc\,vspaper.
I \\lcnt to the \vindo\v.
I \vanted to phone YOll.
I j llillped into the river.
I usually drive to \\lork.
Du YOll \\THlt 111C to COllIe \'\lith you?
I didn't have your llulnber.
Shan I \vait here?
I didn't read it.
I \-vent by bus this Illorning.
I \.'v'atched te1evisjoI 1-:-
I S\Vanl to the other side.
] looked out.
1 J......_.__hQm_,,4...w...vn-....,
2 .....g.ht__. ___.P. .....I.___4J4'{. ,r___,., ,.--
3 I. ......,. ......., ._____.., ..____.". ......,.. .......... .......,., ........." ...---.--,' ,--------.,.. .----...."'. ........",. ........" ........... ........." ..........". .......". .........,. ............. .........,..
4
5
()
7
... . . ....... . ... - -... . - - - -  . . . -......... . . . ............ . . .. ........... . . . ............ . . .. ........ -... . . .... - - - - - - - . . -.... - - - -... . . . ............... . . . . ................ .. . . . .. ............. . . . .............. . . . . .............. ... . . .. ............... . . .. .............. . . . . .............. . . . . .. ................ . . ................ .. . . . .
... . . . w...... . . . _ _ _ _ _ _ . . _ _ _ _ _. . . ......... .. . .......... . . . ....... . .  w""... . . . . ...... _..oo. . . . _ _ _ _ _ _ _oo. . ..... _ _ _ _oo. . . . ............. ........................................................ ...... . . . . ....... . . . . ....... . . . . . . ...... . . . . . w........ . . .
J9.2 Look at the pictures and complete the sentences. Use and/but/so/because.
'"
"
...
"\
......
...
"
...
"
....
lp9.3
...
...
"
.....
1 [t vvas vcry hot, .__$......9.P..,.......
2 They didn't play tenn is ..... ........., .....m....' ,...____....._______... ,..______...., ....m..." ....m...' ...m....'. ....m.." ..........', ........... ...m.....'. ....m...' .....
3 Tll e)i \\ieIl t to tIle 111l1SC llI11 .... -----------".. ..--....., .............. ............ ............. .......... ............. ........... .......,.., .........'.. ..........,.. .........., '...
4 n in \,VaSll't 1111 Jl,gry', .'" ...--...," -----..... ..........",. ............ ............ ......,...... ........",. .......... .........", .........". ........." .........., ..........." '........."....
5 Alll1 \\la s la te __.__,.. _____...,. ...__....,.. ............ .....,...... ........". ........",. ...-.-....".. -.-----..,. ..---...". ..--....'" ,........',. ...--....,. ..----....,. ...--....., , ....-....".....
6 S 11 e sa i (1 ......, ...----.". ----....". .......... ............ ........." ....-..-..'" --------.." ..-----...". ,.........". ........,. ........". ............. .........,. .........,. ..........,., .........".....
Write sentences about what you did yesterday. Use and/but etc.
1 (and) __J..tb"y.9,',I..."J9....4..:..,',.
2 (bccausc) ,..L,........YH...,$..J..,...o/..:.....
3 (L)l] t) _...". .......... .........,. ........,'. ...----." ....---...." .........",... ......".., ........"" ........", ........", ........", .........", .........", ......."",. ..-..."" ..---...."..
4 (arlll) ....., ............ .......", ...-.--." .------...". ...--...." ..........,., ............. ........,... ........." ........", .........,. ...-....." ...-.-...." ..........'. ...-......,' ........."..
5 (S() ) .h..... ........... .......'" ...___..,. ..____..."'. ..--......, , ............ ............. ........." ........." .._n....". ........." ....---..,. ....-....." ...---...", ..------.., ....--.-..,..
() (11cca 11 s e) .......... ......", ....... -.,. - ----...,.. .----..."'.. ............. ........... .......,.". ......."". .......",. ..---."". ..--..-.", -.---.-..". .-----. -.,. ..---.-...,. .-------",. ..---. -"..
[227]

UNIT
110


When ...


A


When I went out, it was raining.
This sentence has l\VO parts:


part A
when I went out


+


part B
it was raining


, , ..u' :1---


...
:


..,1



 "

 ,.


You can begin \-vith part A or part B:
f When I went out, it \vas raining.
· l It was raining \-vhen J \vent out.
We \\Trite a COllllua (,) if part A (When ...) is bef()re part 13:
f When you're tired, don't drive.
· l Don't drive when vOll're tired.
,
f Ann was very happy when she passed her exanl.
· l When Ann passed her exan
, she \vas very happy.
We do the san1C in sentences ,\lith before/while/after:
. { Ahvays look both \vays before you cross the road.
Before YOll cross the road, alvvays Jook both \vays.
f While I was \-\laiting for the bus, it began to rain.
· l It began to rain while I \iV';lS \vaiti ng f()r the bus.
. { J Ie never played [ootbaJI again after he broke his leg.
Mter. he broke his leg, he never played football again.
B When I anl ... / When I go ... etc.
Next \veekJill is going to Ne\\' York. She has a fi-iend,
Barbara, \vho lives in N evv York but Barbara is also
going a\\I,IY - to Mexico. So th
y \\lOn't I.neet ill Nt'\v
York.


Barbara will be in Mexico whenJiH is in Ne\v York.


The tin1e isfuturr (next week) but Vole say:
... when Jill is ill Ne\v York. (not \vhen Jill \vill be')


B;\ R Hl\RA


We use the present (I am / I go de.) \vith ajl11urc Ineanin(
 after when:
. When J get h(nlle this evening, 1'111 going to have a sho\ver.
(not 'When I \vill get hOllle')
. I can't talk to vou 110\\'. I'n ralk to \lOU brer when I have lllore tirl1C.
'J .


We do the sanle after beforc/while/after/until:
. Please dose the vv'indo\v before you go out. (not 'before you ,)vill go')
. Julia is going to live in our flat while "\ve are a\vay. (not \vhile "\ve vviJl be')
. I'll stay here until you conte back. (not 'until you \-viIl corne back))


[228]


until
 I!mJID


beforeh.vhilelalter => mIl


if ;md when
 mill




'-
..
, 110.1
,
,
..
..
,
..
- 110.2
..
,
"
"
"
, 110.3
..
..
'"
"'
"
" 110.4
,
..
..
'.
EXERCISES
UNIT
110
Make sentences beginning with when. Choose from the boxes.
When +
l-weHt-8l-H
1'111 tired
I phoned her
I go on holiday
the progranlllle ended
[ arrived at the hotel
I s\vitched ofrthc TV
[ ahvays go to the Sa111e place
there \vcrc no rOO1"ns
+
. . .
t t n'a" nHl1Ul(T
vv . ) b
there \-vas no ansvver
I like to vvatch TV
1 .,.J.,___..t"......,.r9---,..
2
3
4
....____.._____..............................................__...._______.......__.................................................................................................................................................I"
....
J _... ____., ,......". .......... ......", n...." ,._______, ...__..'" .........". ........... ....,.....,. .........", ........,,'. n.__..., nn_.....,. n.__....,' ....---...,. .--.__..... ...---._.... ------..... ...---...,.....
6 __", ....." ......... ......",. .....", n.__"", -----.., , .._.....,.. .......... ........... .........',.. ........., n_......,." ...-....,.. .-----..,.. .----. --".. .------.... --------., ..------ --... .------.... ..----...-----
Complete the sentences. Choose from the box.
sOll1chody broke into the house
he t()lT they crosst'd the road
they \-vent to Jive in N'c\.v Zealand
before they carne here
\:vhile they \vere a\VJY
\\Then they heard the nc\vs
they didn't belicvc 111C
1 They looked both Vv'ays J?fur.....q9.ffi.....r.%.m...
2 T lle)r v\re re \'cr}' sllrprised ........ .......... ........,., .........',. .....--...,' .--------.,. -------., , ...---..... ..--.....". ........" ..........., ..........." .........". ........" ..,
3 After tl1 cy g{> t Jl1arried, ... .......... ........" .........,. ...--...." ...------..,. ...---....,. .........,. ........., .........". .........., .........,.. .........." ..........,. ........"...
4 T'h e letter arri\re<..i ...... .......' ........" .....-.--., --------., , ...---...., , ..........". .........". .......". ........... ............ .....,..... .......... .......,..,.. ............. ........,....
5 WI} e re (i iet tilCY li\Te ......" ------.". -------.,. ..----...,.. ........,.,. ............ ............. .......... .......". ........". .........,.. ........,'.. ........". ........",. ..---...., '" ?
6 Whil e they WTIT asleep, ..m...'. .........,. ,......." ..........,. ..........." ....---.-" ,------..' , .-----.... ...------.., ,..----..., , ...-.--..., ,....--..... ,..--....'" ,...--...., ....
7 When [ told tllen] the' nc\:vs, ......, ....-----.....-----................., ..........., ,........ ........... ............. .......... ............. ........... ......,...... ...............
Which is right? Choose the correct form.
I'll stay and vou C0111C are right.
1 l-sta;..:- / I'll stay herc until YOll COJlle / you'll COlne back.
2 1'111 going to bed \lhen I finish / III finish IllY \vork.
. 3 We Blust do sornething before ifs / it \vilJ be too late.
4 Julia is going 1\vay soon. )'111 / I'll be very sad \vhen she leaves / she'll leave.
5 Don't go out yet. Wait until the rain stops / \vill stop .
6 We COBle / We'll COlne and visit you ,vhen w-c'rc / \ve'll be in England again.
7 When I COlne / I'll COlne to see you tornorrovv', I bring / I'll bring the photographs.
8 ['111 going to Paris next week. I hope to see SOlne friends of nune \vhile rln / I'll be thcre.
9 'Don't forget to give 111C your address: '()K, !..g ive / I'll give it to you bcfore [ f!;O / I'll go .'
Use your own ideas to complete these sentences.
1 Can YOll close the \vindovv before ...!:i....99..9.t.. ?
2 What are you going to do vvhen ................................m.........m......'..._.........____......_____......______.......----......----.......------......----- ?
3 WIlen I ha\7C 111 ore tirlle, " ............ ........,. ..........., ......-...., .....-.-...., ,--..---.., ...---...., .........", ,.........,. ........., , .........". ........",. ........" .......
4 I'll \\rai t f() r )T() 1.1 \\rllil e ......... ............ ....,..,... .........,. ...........,. ..---.....,' .........,. .........,.. ........".. .......".. .........,.. ........".. .......,.. ........,.. ......
:) W 11 e 11 [ start fll Y 11 e\\r j 0 l-" .. ............ .......,.. ..---....., -------....,.. ............ ........... ......... ............. ............. ........... ........... ........... ........... ......
6 Wi II )r()ll IJe llere \v II ell .... ........, ,....-...." ...-----.., .....--....,. .--........, ............ .......... ............ ............ ............ .....,...... .....,..... ........... ...... ?
[229]

UNIT
11,1
If we go ...
If you see... etc.
,.
A
Shall \,VC go by
blls or taxi?
If \ve go by hus, it
\vill be cheaper.
'.
",;..: ,,;.;':'"': ,:';-"
'".-,', -:..:," . .. t!fl Well o'ct there
f<, -,,-<., ''''-'' .,\::: p . .. I l110re quickly if
BUS ....- - _............... .."... /, 'I. b -
,. .',  .......",u+. ' . , . Ii \\le 0-0 y taXI.
$fOP _,  J 11 1 r" I ; - liei! ,t. !:; ' b  /
- / I  1III Jt. In' : 11\ ' \ ' I I 
'- > '_ " ';"q IIIE ., I : I \ Wl.f I 
.. ':'}:."'X;;;<;  ' {, ' I  : I , ' 11 I t .ii!5:El.': ] \ \ 1 \ \ d I llI Hr II II \, h. .@
..- '" < < I j ; I! tfl l ' , l';: mliL,: ' \ '\ III h  ,\. t ;: > (I
.. ...  I j II I .1  'I  I . _ } 10"
If GIn he at the Inginnill;J! ora sC:lltence or i1l rhe luiddle:
If ..., .. _ (if dt the I)(inninx)
If \vt' g o bv bus it \vill be chea1)er.
'- J' .-
If you dOll't hurfy, you' 11 Iniss the train.
If YOli 're hungry, have sOlllething to eat.
If the phone rings, can YOll ans\vcr it, please?
if _ .. (if in thi' middle)
It \vill be" cheaper if \-ve go by bus.
You '11 Iniss the train if you don't hurry.
I'In going to the concert if I can get a ticket.
Do you l11ind if I use your phone? (= fs it Ol{ ifT use it?)
In conversation, \ve often l1S<..' the if-part of the sentence alone:
. 'Are yon going to the concert?' 'Yes, if I can get a ticket.'
B If you see Ann tOlll0rrow ... etr.
After if: \ve use the present (not '\viU'). We say: if you see ... (not 'if you \vil1 see'):
. If you see Ann tOlllOlTO\V, can YOli ask her to phone llle?
. If I'J11 late this evening, don't w-ait for Inc. (not 'if I \\riU be')
. What sha11 \-ve do ifit rains? (not 'if it \:viIl rain')
. If) don't feel V\ld] tOIllOrrO\'v. £'U stay at hOlne.
. .
c
if and when
, \
4.. 
. . . ' ,', ,":'..!'
Are.!:iCXA going '. '
out Utter?
rfI go out = it is possible tlut I w.ill go out, but I'lll not sure:
. A: Are you going out later?
. B: Perhaps. If I go out, I'll close the \rindo\:v.
When 1 go ont = I'nl going out (for sure):
. A: Arc you g oin g out Liter?
, L L
. B: Yes,) ,1111. When I go out, I'll dose the \,vindo\,v.
. When I get hOIlle this evening, 1'111 going to have a ShO\\ler.
. Ifrnl late this evening, don't \vair for lne. (not 'When 1'111 late')
. We're going to play tennis if it doesn't rain. (not \\Then it doe')n't rain')
l230 J
when => .:iI!] if I had I if W( went... ele::::::> UNIT 1-12


...
..
EXERCISES
'11.1 Make sentences beginning with if. Choose from the boxes.
..
..
...
...
,
...
...
111.2
...
...
111.3
,
..
...
-'11.4
...
..
...
\
\
If-\-
y(-} t:l d () 11 ' t h 11 n :y
you pass the exun
YOll fail the exanl
YOll don't \\Taut this 111agazine
you vv'ant those pictures
you're busy 110\\1
you'rc h uugry
you nced llioney
J '
vve C.1n have lunch l1()\V
you can havc thcIn
I can lend \lOll sonlC
J
you'l1 get a certificatc
Vti u'l1 be late
J
1'11 thro\v ita vv'a v
J
\:ve can talk Jater
vou can do it a g ain
J L
-I-
1 Jf, ,!!___4Pt., ,HJ..!:i .., ......n'
2 If )lOll pass .." ,.__..'" ..nn." ,........, .......". ........", ........",. ........", ..000000"'" ...0000..'" .00..__..', ,......." '._....00" ......00.." ....____." ....00...'" ........"" ........",...
,3 If 00.." ______... ______.., ..0000" ...00..... .......... ....,..... ........" ...0000.." .......__"" ._..__00"'. ..________., ..------".. --------.. --------.., -------..". ...__.__" .....__00"'. ....00..." ...0000.."'...
4
...
:) __. ____..". ......" .......... ........ ......'" ...00..'" ,..__..", ...____.,. ________.,.,. ______."., ______.."'. ..00__.__"', ..__00."" ...00..." ..__00..." ..00__...'" ...____.'" .______...". .______..,.. ________...__
6
7
t) ., ..____, ..__...,. _______.. ..__...., ...00.'" ,.......... .......... ....,....., ......."" ...00.__"'. ....00__.'" ....__..__" ...______" ...__.__.,. ..______.,. ..______", .._______". ...______",. .....__..'" ..00____"'.__
Which is right?
1 If rIll / -I'l-l-l* late .this evening, don't \vait f()r Inc. I'nl is right
2 Will YOll \vrite to 1l1C if I givc / I'll f.,rivc YOli nry address?
3 If there is /w,il1 be .'} fire, the alann \.vill ring.
4 If I don't sec YOll lOJlIOrro\.v rnorning, I phone / I'll phone you in the evening.
S ['111 / I'll be surprised if Martin and Juha get / \\fill get 111arricd.
6 Do you f!;0 / Wi]] you g(! to the party if thev invite / they'll invite you?
Use your own ideas to complete these sentences.
1 r III goin to the concert if ..J....9......:....
2 If YOI dOl't hurry ...!:igy'-...rr.,.........
3 I don't \van t to go S\Vinl 111 i 11 g if... ............ .....______, ....______..., .._________.. ______.... ______.__.. ______.__.. __________.. _________.. ...___.__.... ...___.... .............
4 If yo II go to bed eady to ni ght, ... ..00__...... ....__........ ...m..... .............. ..00....... ............ .m....... ...00..... '..m...... ..__m...' .._____.... ..______.....__
5 T llrll tl1c te lcvisi all ot1- if ....... ........... ........ ,.... ........., ............".. .........., ....00.... ....00..... .........." .......,..,.. .......... ............. .......... ..............
6 Tina \'\,''OI1't pass her eXJlllS if....,... ..........., ....m....'.. ..........,.. .._____...., ....--..., , ...____... ...___...." ..__......' '...m..." ...m....'.. ......... ...............
7 I f I have tinH:. t0l11 OITO\V, ..", ..___...." .._______.". _____...." .._____..."'. ...mn.." '..__00..." .._m.." .__m....' ..__m..." ..___00..'" ._______... ....____..'. ..___..."....
8 We can go to the bcach tOll101TO\V if ....00................,......................................................................................m......__.n__.....__
Put in if or when.
1 Jf.. 1'111 late this cvenin, don't \\Tait for Ille.
2 I'n1 going to do S01lle shopping no\v. ......................' I conle back, \ve can have lunch.
3 1'111 thinking of going to see Tinl. .....m............... r go, \.viB you cornc \-\lith Ille?
4 ......____.._____...... YOll don't \vant to go out tonight, vv'e can stay at hornet
S Do vail lllind ....................... [ close the window'?
J
(, John is still at schoo1. ...,......_____..,_____ he leaves school, he \VU1ts to go to university.
7 Shall \ve have a picnic tonl0rrO\.v .....'...__n......... the \'leather is good?
8 We're going to Madrid next vveek. We haven't got Jnyv"rhcn to stay - \ve hope to find a hotel
....................... \Vc arrive. J don't kno\v \vhat \ve'il do ....................... \ve don't find an)T\vhere.
UNIT
111
[231 ]

UNIT
112
A
B
If I had ...
If we went... etc.
]),Ul llkes tlst cars but he doesn't have one.
He doesn't have cl10ugh nl0l1ey.
If I
J.1 o...Gt U1 e
mon . . .
Ifhe had the rnoney, he would huy a fast car.
UsuaJly had is past, but in this sentence had is
not past. Ifhe had the 1110ney = ifhe had the
Ill0Jley flOW (but he dOCSI1't have it).
I . had/knew /lived/ went (ete.) ... . I would(n t) buy.. .
vou didn't have/know/go (ctc.) ... , 1'011 be ...
IF J
it was/were... , it could(n't) have .. .
thev cle could ... , they elc. go ... ele.
J
You can say:
. If he had the JllOncy, he \\Tould buy a car. (If... at the bl.gilln.illg)
or He \vould buy a Clf ifhe had the 1l10ney. (... if... in lhe middle)
rd / she'd / they'd ete. = I would / she would / they would fte.:
. I don't knovT the ans"\ver. If I knew the answer, I'd tell you.
. I,t's raining, so \ve're not going out. We'd get \vet if \ve went onto
. Jane lives in a city. She likes cities. She wouldn't be h;,ippy if she lived in the country.
. If you didn't have ajoh, \vhar would YOll do? (but YOll hmN! ajob)
. rIll sorry I can't help you. I'd help you if I could. (but r can}t)
. If \\7e had a car, \ve could travel nl0re. (but \ove hilllol't got a car, so \ve can '( travel lllllCh)
If (I) was/were ...
You can say: if (I/he/she/it) was or were... :
. It's cold. If I were you, I'd put YOllr coat on.
((1r If[ was you ...)
. It's not l very nice place. r wouldn't go there
if I was you. (Of... if I were you)
. I,t would be nice if the \veather were (orwas) better.
C COlnpare:
if I have / if it is ('tr.
. I HUlst go and see Ann.
If I have tune, I will go today.
(= perhaps I'll have tinlc, so perhaps I, 'll go)
. I like that jacket.
I'll buy it if it isn't too expensi.ve.
(= perhaps it \\Tin not be too expensive)
. Pll help you ifl can. (:;::; perhaps I can help)
t -":"
(
*,.,
if I had I if it was etf.
. r Blust go <l n,d see Ann.
Ifl bad tinle, I would go today.
(= I don't have tinlC today so I \\Till not go)
. I like that jacket but it's very expensive.
Pd buy it if it wasn't so expensive.
(:;::; it is expensive, so I'rn tlot going to buy it)
. I'd help you if I could but I can't.
[232] if we go I if! have / if] can etc. => UNIT 111

EXERCISES
UNIT
112
12.1 Complete the sentences.
1 I don't kIlov\!' the ans\ver. If J .J.... the ans\ver, I'd tell VOll.
d..Uln) .
2 ] I.uve a car. I couldn't travel verv llluch jfl ................y.... a car.
J
3 I don't \VUlt to go out. If I ..'...mn................................................... to go out, I'd go.
4 We haven't g ot a kev. If \ve ...mn...................................................... a kev, we could g et into the house.
'- , ,
5 I'IlI not hun g ry. I vv'ould have sOluethin g to eat if I .............................................................. hun g rv.
L , "- J
6 Sue enjoys her \i\lork. She \\fotlldn't do it if she .............................................................. it.
7 You can't drive. If VOll ............................................................., drive, I \\fould lend vou rnv car.
J J J
B [Ie speaks too fast. I could understand hill1 better ifhe ....m...'..............m......................mn..' lTIOre slo\vly.
<) I have a lot to do to (by. If] ...m......m...........n.................................. so n111ch to do, \ve could go out.
12.2 Put the verb in the correct form.
1 If J:.J:... the nloney, he \-\lOltld buy a fast car. (he/have)
? J '" l ' k 1 . r 0-. .' T SJ1e wotd"ln)t be I if I Ii r d . I . r ( I I Ib )
...... _ .:llle. 1 es 1\ 1110 In a ot). ..............mn.....m............. 1apPY s le \ e In tIe COUIltI). S Ie not e
3 If J wanted to lea rn Italian, .....n........m........................................................... to Italy. (II go)
4 I haven't told Ann "",'hat happened. She'd be angry if .......................................................... (she/kno\¥)
5 If .......................................,.........'m...........__........... a Inap, I could ShO\\7 you \vhere I live. (vTe/havc)
6 What \\Tould you do if............................................................................. a lot of Bloney? (you/\ivin)
7 It's not a very good hotel. .............................m.......mm..'...__m....'.__..n.. there if I \vere you. (I/not/stay)
8 If ....mm....m......n............................................... nearer London, \,ve would go there Illore often. (vvTe/live)
9 It's a pity you have to go no\\'. m......................................................... nice if you had 1110rc tin1c. (it/be)
10 1'111 not going to take the job. I'd take it if .............................................................. better. (the salary/be)
11 1 don't kno\v <lnything about cars. I f the car broke do\vn, ......n........m.......mn.......m..........n........................
\vhat to do. (I/uot/kno\v)
12 If you could change one thing in the \vorld, \.vhat ...,........................................................ ? (you I change)
12.3 Complete the sentences. Choose from the box and put the verb in the correct form.
\-\.'(' (have) a bigger house
\.\lC (buy) a bigger house
v7e (have) SOlllC pictures on the vvaJ1
I (\,vatch) it
every day (be) the san1C
the air (be) deaner
it (be) a bit cheaper
I (be) bored
1 I'd buv that J 'acket if ...........iJ?,........
J _
2 If there \vas a good 6.hn on l'V tonight, ......m.......m.m.........n........m......n......'.....n.........m........m__.....mn........m......mm
3 111 is rOOlll \:VO III d 11C 11 i ccr if __.... ..n........ ........., .............. ............. .......... .......... .......... ............ ............. ........... .......... ............. ......
4 If tI1ere \iVaSI1't so 111l1Cll traflic, ,.. ............ .......... .............. ............ ..........' ........', ,.........' ........... ............ ............ .......... ............. ......
SLife \vould be boring if ....., ,.........,. ........... ..........' ,........." '...m.....' '....00....' '....n..'..m...'.' '.m......' ,........., ,...00.....,.........." .........' ........
G If] had nothing to do, ........' ,..........'...mm.. '.mm..'..........., 'nn...__..' .........., , ,......." '...n....' .........", .....__....,........., .n.n.....'...m__..' ,n.....
7 We could invite an our fi-iends to stay if ..............................................................................................................n.............
8 If \ove 113 d J110re III ()Il ey, .00..' ..n.n..". ..n......' ............ ............ ............... .......... .......... .........' .........,'.. .........'. ........... ............ ........... .......
12.4 Complete the sentences. Use your own ideas.
1 I'd go to the dentist if .nJ.....tp9.;.....
2 If I could go any\\,rhere in the world, .......................,........................................................................................................'..
3 I \vollidn't be very happy if ......................................,.............................n......mm....mm......m........m.........m........mn....'...........
4 I'd bll)' a 11 ()llse if 00'" ..........,. ............ ........'. .........,. .........". .....00....'. .'..0000..' ......00..' ...00....'. ..0000....' ...00.....'. "'00."." "00'"'''' "0000." __. ..0000..'...
S If I sa\\l an accident in the street, .................n....'....mn.........m.........m..................___.....,.........................___........___.......00___......
6 The \vorld vvould be a better place if ................'..mn...'......___..........................................................................---........---..,...
f233]

UNIT
113
A
a person who... a thing that/which...
(relative clauses 1)
I lnct a \\l01Han. She en] speak six languages.
L_________________ 2 sen(Cll((}S --------_________J
I
she --t who
I
r------------------ 1 sentcn(c -----------------1
I In<.:t a WOl11.an who can speak six languages.
JilU \vas \vearing a hat. It VJas too big t{)r hin1.
L__________________ 2 sentcn,ces -----___________J
it  tht or which
I
,-------------------- :1 sentencc ------------------l
Jin) 'VJS w'earing a hat that \vas too big f()r hin1.
or
Jilll \vas \",rcaring a hat which \\"as too big for hirl1.
:. . ' . !' . ; ,. ;; . :. ., i. , . a ..;.. -",.. .
6:;:Sr .
:::;i; , r : . .  : :::;:':7 .----(. .
- ... ......
.:: .... iiIiPIi
.. ...:.. ".................:.... '...
..... -.....  . . a .... .... .. _ ..
::.......:..:..... -..- .. ,
B who is f()r people (not things):
A thief is a person who steals things.
1)0 you kno\v anybody who can play the piano?
The man who p'honed didn't give his natHe.
The people who vv'Ork in the officc are very fi-ieudly.
C that is for things or people:
An aeroplane is a tnachine that flies.
Enllna Ijves in a house that is SO() .years old.
The people that \vork in the ofEce are very friendly.
Y()11 can lIse that for people, but who is 1l10re usual.
D which is for things (not peopJe):
An aeroplane is a ulachinc
EUlIlla lives in a house
12341
which Aies. (rwt ';) Inachinc v\Tho .. ..')
which is 500 years old.
Do not use which for people:
. 1)0 you reineruber the woman who \-vas playing the piano at the party?
(not 'the \\701nan \vhich ... ')
who and whidl in questions => UNITS 44, 46
the people we lnet (rebtivc clauses 2) => ,UNIT 114

EXERCISES
UNIT
113
13.1
Choose from the boxes and write sentences: A ... is a person who... . Use a dictionary if necessary.
ft--tfl-i-ef
a butcher
a 1l1USlClall
a patient
a dentist
a fool
<.\ genul s
a liar
doesn't teU the truth
looks after your teeth
J
is very inteIli.gent
plays a I1Iusical i nstrUJ11cnt
is ill in hospital
steals things
is vcry stupid
scJ1s HIC;] t
1 .A.Jh.."...,P9.r.l.,.h9...,..J:h9..:...
2 Abu tcher is a pcrso n ..'" ...m.".. ..__...... ..___...., ...______.... .___......, ..______..,.. .._____..., ..______",. ..___...,' .....___.., ..mm..." ..m....'.. ...m...... ..............
3 A IllU S i ci an.. .......', ......", ..__...., ,____....,. ..__...". ...__..." ....__...". ...__....'" ,..__.....". .__n..."'. .__..."" '__n....'" .____....., ..____...". ..____...., ..____..."" ..__.....,',..
4
\.
5 ..." ......, , ......., .____... ..__..., ...__..'" ......" .......", ........,.. ............ .......... ............. ............. ........... ........... ........... ............ ........,., ........,., .........." ...n....'" .__.
6 ..."......" ,__...,. ..__..'" ..__..,. ......", ......". .......... .......... ............ .......... .........,.,. ...........,. ........'.' ........',.. ........... ........... ........... ........... .........". ..n....." '..n
7 ....' ,....." ,.__..., ...__.., ,..--.., , ..__..'" .n...'" ......",. ......",.. .......",. .......... ............. ............. ........'.. ........... ........,... .......,... ........", ........". .........",. .......", ,....
8
13.2 Make one sentence from two.
(A Ulan phoned. l-Ie didJTe his nanle.)
..Th.......h9... .pn9.......", ,. '.m'., ,.9W,..h, ,.t\,.__
2 (A V\lOlnan opened the door. She \vas \\rearing a yello\v dress.)
TIle \VO J11 an ..., ,..__..,. ..__...,. .____..". .__...." '__.n.."'. ........", .........,... .......",.,. ........... ........... ........... ........,... ........., ......... a yello\v dress.
3 (S0I11C students took the exanl. Most of rheIn passed.)
M ()st ()f tIle SLU dellts .,. ......... ........... ........... .........',. ........'" .........", .........", .........", ,.......",. .......",. .......'.. ,........... ............ ............ ........
4 (A policelll.an stopped our car. lie \vasn't very fi'icndly.)
Tlle ..",. ......... ........ .......' ......'". ......., ..--....,. ..----..... ..----..... ....--....... ..----..."'. ..----..." .------..". ..----...,. .------..,. ...--...... ..--.--..... ...--...'" ...--.....'" ....--..,
3.3
Put in who or which.
1 I Jlct a \\rOlllan JQ.. can speak six languages.
2 What's the nalne of the \VOlllJn .m.........__........._____.. lives next door?
3 What's the nunc of the river 00............................. Ho\vs through the to\vn?
4 Where is the picture ..................00........... \vas hanging on the \:van?
5 Do YOLi kno\.v ,1nybody ............................... \:vants to buy a car?
6 You ahvays ask questions .......................m..... are difficult to anS\iVer.
7 I have J hicnd .......00.......___..........., is very good at repairing cars.
8 I think everybody ......m...................... \vent to the party enjoyed it vcry llluch.
9 hy does he ahvays \vear clothes ...........................m. are too Sll1a]] fix hinl?
13.4
Right or wrong? Correc t the mi stakes.
1 A thief is a pcrson ( \vhich) steals things
2 An aeroplane is a nlachine that flies.
3 A coffee Illakcr is a Inachine vvho Inakes coflee.
4 I .lave you seen the Iuoney that \\7JS on the table?
5 I don't like people which never stop talking.
6 I kno\v sOlnebody that can help you.
7 I kIlo\v sornebody \\7ho \vorks in that shop.
S Correct the sentences \-vho are \ivrong.
.....', .....P?.....9..., ., '.:m..
Ok
l235]

UNIT
114
B
c
[236]
A
the people we met
(relative clauses 2)
the hotel you stayed at
-. --;,
r.
d' .,,', \. """"
If ....
" ,r" --:.   ._ \
,/ ":'"''';''' 
-.{ .. . .. .
. ,..: J .";'. '..  . -'\,.... .......
: "" ._;V. , :' ',,',;'o..,
I. _" ..'.,." .'., . .' '" . '.. ' .
II .  r . I I I ..... I '. .-.
.... ....='-51-:t;.,:,.;;:;."'
 ,. .. "..,:(." ...... ,.-. ,..... \ "7
 '..-.. .."  . . -...... .
:V' .?' ,. u, ,t . .,' f' .' ;4!!.
. . " . i to  .... I ... . "t .. .-....
---= ;. ...,., .....,..
The nun is carrying a bag. } 2 scntences
I t's very heavy.
I
The bag (that) he is carrying is very hevy.
L_________________ 1 sentencc -_________________J
Ann took SOUle photogrJphs. } 2 sentNllTS
I-lave you seen theIll?
I
J-Ll'\le yon seen the photographs (that) Ann took?'
L_____________________ 1 senlence --------------_______J
You can say:
,
. The bag that he is carrying. .. or The bag he is carrying. .. (l.vifh orwithoul that)
. ... the photographs that Ann took? or ... the photographs Ann took?
You do not need that/who/which \vhen it is the ohject:
su/jc({ lIcrIJ ohject
The l11an \vas carrYUlg a bag  the bag (that) the Ulan was carrying
Ann took S0111e photographs  the photographs (that) Ann took
Y()U \\ran ted the book ----7 the book (that) you wanted
We l1Iel SOlne people  the people (\vho) we lnet
. T)id you find the book you wanted? (or ... the book that you \;o..ranted?)
. The people we tnet \vere very nice. (or The people who \\7e Inet ...)
. Everything I said \vas true. (o Everything that I said...)
N ate that \ve sav:
.J
. The fWll we saw \vas very good. (not 'The filll1 \ve saw it \vas ... ')
Sornetilllcs there is a preposition (to/in/at etc.) after the verb:
Jill is talking to a In an. -t Do you kno\v the tnanJill is talking to?
We stayed at a hotel.  The hotel we stayed at \vas near the station.
I told you about S0l11e books. -) These are the books I told you about.
Note that \ve say:
. .. the books I told you about (not 'the books I toJd you about tll('ln')
YOll can say: (a place) where... :
. The hotel where \:ve stayed \vas near the station. (= The hotel \i\lC stayed at ...)
You 111USt use who/that/which when it is the su/ject (=> Unit 113):
. I Illet a \\ronlHl who can speak six languages. (who is the su,l!jctt)
. Jirn \vas \vearing a hat that was too big for hiln. (that is the sllfjctt)
a person who..., a thing that/which... (relative claus.es 2) ==>' UNIT 113

EXERCISES
UNIT
114
4.1 Make one sentence from two.
1 (Ann took SOll1e photographs. 11.ave you seen thenl?)
.Hy.__-!:!..,? ...tt1...ph9rh...Ar.1r.1.JqQ.?." ,..
2 (You gave Ine a pen. I've lost it.)
I've lost t11 e ." .......... ......... ......",. .......' ,. .00.00..". ...____.,' ...__...." .______...., ..__.__....., ...__...., '00____...' .__.____..,. ________.., ______
3 (Sue is \\learing a jacket. I like it.)
I like tllC .. ......,. .......' ....00..' .00__..... ...__...., ..____...... __.__...". ...__...., .........", .....00.....' ........... ............ .......,.,. ........", .....
4 (I gave you sornt' flow'ers. Where are they?)
Where are tl1e ..,. ......" ........" .......... ........... ............ .........' ........." ...0000..." '..00.....', ..00.00.." ..00.....', .00.00...'" "00' ?
5 (He told us a story. I didn't believe it.)
1__..., ......, .......... ........ .......', ......', ..00..." ....__..., ..____...., ...__...." ....__...'" ...__....,'. ...0000..." ........." ...00...." ........." ...00....". ......
6 (You bought $on1<: oranges. Ho\v IllllCh \vere they?)
1-10\\' ....,..... 00'" , ,.. __.. . , .. __ __.. . .. __ __.. , , ....... . , , ... 00'" , , . ....... . . . , ....... . . , . ........ , , , . ......... , , , ......... , , ........ , , , ......... , , ........ , , , ,..... ?
14.2 Make one sentence from two.
1 (I \,vas carrying.1 bag. It \,vas very heavy.)
..Th.......'.. ..mg.. ,,..YH,..hy.!i" ,...
2 (YOll cooked a llleIl. It \vas excellent.)
1'}1 e . __.. , . .. __. . , ... __.. , , ....... , , ...... . , , . ....... . . . ....... , . , ........ . , , ... 00'" , , ,... 00... ' , . .....00..' , , .. __ __... . , ... __ __... , . .. __ __.. , . .. __ __... , , . __ __ __... .
3 (1'111 'Nearing shoes. 'T'hey aren't very cOlnfortable.)
Tll e s110es . .....". ..00..'" .__...", .____.... ...__..., ,...__...." .........., , ...00..."'. .......,... ............. .......... ........... ............ ..........
4 (We invited SOllle people to dinner. They didn't corne.)
The ..." .00..." ...__..., ..____., ,........, ...00....'. ......... ............ .......... ........., , ,.........." ...0000.." .00......., ....__..." ..____..., ....00....'..
14.3 Complete the sentences. Use the information in the box.
I looked at a 111ap
I \vas sitting on a chair
y ou ltaycd at a hotel
thev live in a house
,
\ve \vere \i\.raitin g f()J" a bus
Linda 1S dancing \vith a UlaIl
YOll \vere looking for SOBle keys
you spoke to SOlllC people
1 WhIt'S the Ilalne of ,#1......W.;>y............. ?
2 Who are the people .m., '..mm.'.nm........m..." ,.........,.........." ,.........." .........., ,.........,.........., ...m....' '..m...'" ,........ ?
3 Did \0'011 fi n (1 tll e......, ........... .......... '...n..... .....00...... .......... ............ ............. ............ .......... ........... ........... ......... ?
,
4 Th e...... ........ .......... ........, ...n....' '..00..... ............ .......... ............ ..........'.. ..........,.. .00......' ...0000.... "00" is tOt) slllal1 for tll CIll.
5 The .........00..... ......... ........ .......... ....m...' ,........., '..m.........m.......m.....' .....m...' , ,........." ,........, ,..... 'Vvasn't verv clear.
.J
6 I fe U 0 if ........... ....,.... "'00'" .......... ,........ n ........... .........., ..n....." .....n...".. ..nn....' ....00....'.. '''00'''' ........... .
7 ....., ......... .....'.. .......", ......., .......... ........., .........,.. ..00..."" ........,., ............ ............. ............. ....... \\>Tas \7ery la te.
8 WIl () is ....... ........, ........" ..n....". .......... ......,.... ........",.. .......",.. .......',.. ...00...'" ..0000...." 'n......, ...00....".. ?
14.4 ,Read the situations and complete the questions. Use... where... .
1 Johll stayed at a hotel. You ask hinl:
fJid yOll like ..........h.H..?.....
2 Sue had dinner in a restaurdnt. You ask her:
Wha t's tIlc n,anle ()f th e restallrallt mm.. ...mm.. ............. ............. ............ .......... ........... ............ .......... ............. .........., ...mm......
3 Sarah lives in a vilLlge. You ask her:
Do )'0 II like ...' ,.n....... .......", ........., ...n....'... ........... ............ ............. .........'" ...00...'" ..0000..." ...00...'" ...00.....' ....00..... ............. ............ ..............
4 R..ichard \vorks in a factory. You ask hinl:
f-IO\,Jil l1i g ." ........, ........" '...00.." ........." ............. ............ .....,...' ...00....." ....00....'" ..0000....'. .0000..." ...0000.." ..00.00..". '000000'" ...0000...". ..0000...'.' .......... ....
[2371

Appendix 1


Active and passive


1.1


Present and past:


{lahJc


pass,l/c


present We l1lake bu ttcr &.'0111 Inilk. Butter is tnade frolll Inilk.
silnplc Sornehody cleans these rnOlllS every day. These rOOlns are cleaned every day.
People never invite lne to parties. I am lIever invited to parties.
110\\l do they make hutter? Hovv is buttcr made?
past S01l1l'body stole nlY Celr last \\ll'ek. My car was stolen b
t \-veek.
simple SOlnebody stole lHY keys yesterday. My keys were stolen yesterday.
They didn't invite lHe to the party. I wasn't invited to the party.
When did they build these houscs? When were these houses built?


presen.t They are building
l ne\\" airport at the A lIe\,,-" airport is being built at the
contil1uOUS nl0l11ent. (= it isn't finished) 11lOI11ent.
T'hcy are building S0l11e ne\-\l hOllses S0l11e nt'\v houses are being built
near thc river. near the river.
past When] \vas here a ft'\v years a
o, they When I \\"as here a fe\\-' years ago, d
J , ,
Wnfl1U-IOll5 were building a ne\.v airport. ne\v airport was being built.
(= it \ovasn't finished at that tinle)


present Look! They have painted the door. Look! The door has been painted.
pcrfi'ct These shirts arC' clean. SOlllcborlv has These shirts arc clean. They have
,
washed thenl. been washed.
SOlnebody has stolen illY C.:lr. Mv car has been stolen.
,
past petrCa Ann said that SOIllCbodv had stolen her Ann said that her cn had been
J
car. stolen.


1.2 Will / can /lTIUst / have to ('tc
atli1JC


SOlnebody \\liU clean the office tOlllOJTO\\l.
SOll1cbody Blust clean the ofticc.
[ think they'll invite you to the party.
They can't repair Iny \-vatch.
YOLI should wash thi
 s\.veater by hand.


They are going to build d llew airport.
Sornebody has to wash these clothes.
They had to take the injured l11an to hospital.


paSSJ.lJC
1 'he office \:vill he cleaned tonlOrrO\\I.
'The office 111USt be cleaned.
I think yon'lI be invited to the party.
My \vatch ca 11 't be repaired.
This svveater should be washed bv hand.
J


A ne\
l airport is going to be built.
Thc
e clothes have to be washed.
The injured n1;111 had to be taken to hospital.


[239]




Appendix 2


List of i rreg u lar verbs (
Unit 24)


it-!jlniti[Jc past sit-nple past partidple
be was/\vere been
beat beat beaten
becorne hecatlle become
begin began begun
bitt' bit bitten
blow blev\,T blown
break broke broken
brino' brought brought
D
build built built
buy bought bought
catch caught (.aught
choose chose chosen
come can1.e COI1.1.e
cost cost cost
cut cut cut
do did done
dra"\v drew drawn
driI1k drank drunk
drive drove driven
e.lt ate eaten
f;llI fell fallen
feel felt felt
fight fought fought
find found found
fly flew flown
forget forgot forgotten
get got got
.
gIVe' gave gIven
go went gone

.
gro\v gre'" gro\vn
hang hung hung
have had had
he.lr heard heard
hide hid hidden
hit hit hit
hold held held
hurt hurt hurt
keep kept kept
kno\v knew known
leave left left
lend lent lent


it"!linititJf!.
let
lie
light
lose
make
111e'a11
mc:et
pay
pnt
read /ri
d/*'
ride
nng
riSe.
run
say
see
sell
send
shine
shoot
shov
"
shut
smg
SIt
sleep
speak
spend
stand
steal
S\VUU
take
tea eh
tear
tell
thiI1k
tllrO\\'
U11derstand
\\oTake
\:vear
\-Vl11
\vnte


past 5itnplr
let
lay
lit
lust
l11.ad{"
Inean t
met
paid
put
read /rcd/*
rode
rang
rose
ran
said


sa""T
sold
sent
shone
shot
showed
shut
sang
sat
slept
spoke
spent
stood
stole
sWain
took
taught
tore
told
thought
threw
understood
woke


"'ore
won
wrote


past participle
let
lain
lit
lost
made
Ineant
met
paid
put
read /rcd/*
ridden
rung
rIsen
run
said
seen
sold
sent
shone
shot
show'11
shut
sung
sat
slept
spoken
spent
stood
stolen
SWUl11.
taken
taught
torn
told
thought
thrown
understood
woken
worn
won
"Tri tten


Th
 folk>\villg verbs can be regular (-cd) or irregular (-t):


irijiniti1Jc
burn
drean1


past simplr / past participle
burned or burnt
dreanled or drean1.t


[240]


* pronufl(iation


i'
finitir)e
letl1l1
SIn ell


p£1St sirnplc / past participle
learned or learnt
smelled or sIndt




Appendix 3


I rregular verbs in groups


past simple / past participle are the san/.(':


1 cost -7 cost let
 let
cut
 cut pnt
 put
hit -) hit shut
 shut
hurt
 hurt
<


2 lend
 lent lo
e
 lost
send
 sent shoot
 shot
spend ----) spent
get ----) got
build
 built lio'ht
 lit
b
, , SIt
 sat
burn ----) burnt
learn ----) lean1 t keep ----) kept
srnell
 sluclt sleep
 slept
fed ----) felt
)elve ----) lcft
lucet
 tnet
dreul1
 drealllt / dn.'nlt/*
mean ---7 lneant hllel1t/*


3 bril1g
 brought /brJ:t/*
buy
 bought Ib
:t/*
fight
 fought IfJ:t/*
think
 thought 10:):t/*
catch
 caught Ik
:t/*
tea c h -t taught It;):t./*


4 sell
 sold
tell --1 told
.. ,
find
 found
have
 had
hear
 heard
hold
 held
read
 read 1 red/* ,
say ----) said / sed/*
pay -t paid
lnake ----) made
stand
 stood
understand ---7 understood


* prot1W1C1£1lioH


past simple / past participle arc d
'{lcrent:


, .
1 break
 broke broken
choose ----) chose choscn
speak --1 spoke spoken
steal ----) stoic stolen
\"rake
 woke woken


2 drive
 drovc driven
ride ----) rode ridden

 .
nse rose risen
\vrue
 wrote written
beat
 beat beaten
hite --1 bit bitten
hide
 hid hidden


3 eJt
 atc catcn
faU
 fell fallen
fo rge t --1 forgot forgotten
gIve
 gave given
see ----) saw seen
take ----) took takcn


4 blo\
" ----) blew blown
gro\v
 grew grown
kI1o\'v
 knew kno'\\'D
throw ---7 thrcw thrown
fly
 flew flown
dra\v
 drew drawn
sho\v
 showcd shown


5 begin
 began begun
drink
 drank drunk
S\VlIU
 swam swunl
nng
 rang rung
sIng ----) sang sung
rU11 ---7 ran run


6 COlne ---7
canlC conl.C
bccOJne
 became beconle


[241 ]




Appendix 4


Short forms (he's / I'd / don't etc.)


4.1 In spoken English \NC usual1y pronOllnce 'I anI' as one \vord. The short fornl (I'm) is a \vayof
vvriting this:


lam ---t rtll .
it is ---t it's .
.they have ---t they:)ve .
ctr.


Ptn ftxlillg tired this 11lorning.
'1)0 \lOll like this J "acket?' 'Yes, ies very nice:
J , /

'Where are your friel1ds?' 'Thcy've gone bOIlIe.'


When \.ve \vrite short h)nnS, \NC use:) (an apostrophe):
I
nl -4 Ptll he Xs -) he's you
ve ---t you've


she
]] ---t she:)11


4.2 We use these fOrlns \.vith I/he/she de:


cUll ---t 'tll rn1
IS ---t 's he's she:)s it's
are -) 're we're you're they're
have -) 've I've we've you've they've
has ---t 's he's she's it's
had ---t 'd I'd he'd she'd we'd you'd they'd
\!vill -4 '11 I'll he'll she'll we'll you'll they'll
\vould ---t 'd I'd he'd she'd we'd you'd they'd


. I've got sonle new shoes.
. We'll probably go out this evening.
. It's 10 o'clock. You're btc dgain.
's = is or has:
. She's going out this evening. (she's going = she is goiug)
. She's gonc out. (she's gone = she has gone)


'd = would or had:
. A: What \vollld vou like to cat?
J
B: I'd like J. sabd, please. (I'd like = I would like)
. I told the police that I'd lost IllY passport. (I'd lost = I had lost)
Do 110( use 'nl./'s!'d ete. at the end of a sentence (
 Unit 39):
. 'Arc you tired.?' 'Yes, I aln.' (not 'Yes, 1'111.')


4.3 We llse short fOrIns \.vith I/you/he/ she ete. but YOLI can use short f()rIns (especiaJly 's) vvith
other ,\Tords too:
. Who's Y011r 6vourite singer? (= \vho is)
. WI
at's the tirlle? (= \vhat is)
. r-rhere's a big tree in the garden. (= there is)
. My sister's \\lorking in Loudon. (= IllY sister is \!vorking)
. PauPs gone out. (= Paul has gone out)
. What colour's your car? (= What colour is your car?)


[2421




-..


.......


""


4.4


......


......


.....


.......


.......


......


......


4.5


-...


......


.....


......


""'.


""


......


"'"


......


"""


'"',


""


"'""


....,


""'"


""'"


.....


....,


Negative short f{-)nns (
 Unit 42):


isn't (= is not) don't (= do not) can't (= l:annot)
a ren't (= are not) doesn't (= docs not) couldn't (= could not)
wasn't (= \vas not) didn't (= did not) won't (= \vin not)
weren't (= \VCR' not) wouldn't (= \vould not)
hasn't (= has not) shouldn't (= should not)
haven't (= have not) l1.1ustn't (= lllust not)
hadn't (= had not) needn't (= need llot)


. We \vent to her house but she wasn't at hOIlIe.
. .Where's David?' "I don'tt kllo\\r. I haven't seen hinI.'
. Yon \\lork all thl"' tinlc. Yon shouldn't \vorl so hard.
. I won't be here t011101TOVi/. (= I \\Till not)


's (apo..,;trophl' -I- s)
's CellI Bleall diHerent things:
( I) 's = is or has (=> section 4.2 of this appendix)
(2) let's = let us (==> Unit 52)
. The \.\leather is llice. Let's go out. (= Lct us go out.)
(3) Ann's CUl1cra (= her calDera) / LllY brother's car (= his car) / the nunagcr's office
(= his/her offIce) ele (=> Unit 63)


COll1pare:
. Ann's cunera \vas very expcnsive. (Ann's Catl1cra = her cainera)
. Ann's a very good photographer. (Ann's = Anll is)
. Ann's got a ne\v carncra. (Ann's gOl = Anll has got)


12431




Appendix 5


Spelling


5 1 Words + -s and -es f1.)irds/\vatches ctc. )
. \L


noun + s (plural) (==> Unit ()5)
bird
 birds Ilustake
 ntistakes


perh + s (he/she/it -s) (==> Unit 5)
think
 thinks live
 livcs


hotel
 hotels


but


renlclnbcr
 rCll1cI11bcrs


+ es after -s / -sh / -ch / -x:
bus
 buses pass
 p.lsses
dish
 dishes \\,'ash
 \\l,lshes
,,7Jtch
 \-vatches te,lch
 teaches
box
 boxes


also
potato
 potatoes
do -) does


tomato
 tOinatoes
go ---7 goes


address
 addresses
finish
 finishes
sandwich
 san(hviches


-f / -fe --7 -yes:
shelf ---7 shelves


knife ---7 knives


{JIlt roof ---7 roofs


5.2 Words ending in -y (baby
 babies / study
 studied ele)


-y ---7 -ies:
study ---7 studies (not 'studys')
story
 stories city
 cities
try --7 tries marry
 tllarries
-y
 -icd (==> Unit 11.):
study --7 studied (not 'studyed')
try --7 tried marry ---7 married
-y
 -ier/-iest (==> Units 86 and 89):
easy
 easier/easiest (not 'easyer/easycst')
happy
 happier/happiest
heavy
 heavier/heaviest
-y --7 -ily (==> Unit 85):
easy
 easily (not 'casyly')
happy
 happily lucky --7 luckily


falnily
 fall1ilies (not 'f.llnilys')
baby
 b..bies
Ay --7 Aies


copy
 copied


lucky
 luckier/luckiest
£tInny ---7 fUllnier/funniest


he
'vy
 heavily


y docs not change to i if the ending is -ay / -ey / -oy / -uy:
holiday --7 holidays (not 'holidaics')
el
oy
 enjoys/enjoyed stay
 stays/stayed buy
 buys
but
say --7 said pay
 paid (irregular verbs)


key
 keys


[244 ]




5.3


.
-lUg


Verbs that end ill -e (Illake/write/drive etc.)
 -fling:
rnakc
 Illaking \\rrire
 \,vriting COlne ---t c0111ing
Verbs that end in -ie ---4 -ying:
lie
 lying die
 dying


dance
 <.tmcing


tic ---7 tying


5.4 stop
 stopped, big
 bigger {'fc.
VO\vels
11H.i consonants:


VOlvrllctters: a e 1 0 U
COtlS01Umt letters: bed f g k


111 11 P r s t \
r y


SOllletilues a \
/ord ends in a vowel + a fOnsonant. For example: stop, big, get.
Before -ing/-ed/-er/-est, the consonant at the end (-p/-g/-t ete.) is 'doubled' (-pp-/-gg-I-tt- etc.).
Por ex;unple:


v+c
stop STO P P
 pp stopping stopped
run RU N n
 nn rUlllllng
get GE T t ---t tt o'ettin g-
o .....
SWI M
 . ,
S\VlI11 III 11.1.11.1. SW11111111l1 lT
b
bieT HI G g
 gg bigger biggest
b
hot HO T t
tt hotter hottest
rhin THI N n
 nn dunner thinnest


v = 1Jor.vcl
C = consonant


This docs not happen
(1) if the \Nord ends in two conson<u)t letters (C + C):


help
\vork
i:1St


c+c
I IE L P
WOR K
fA S T


helping
\vorkillo'
<::>
Elster


helped
\vorked
fastest


(2) if the vV"ord ends in t\vo vO\\7el1ett.e-rs + a consonant ktter (V + V + C):


need


V+V+C
NE E D
W A I T
CH E A P


needing
\vaitinn-
b
cheaper


needed
l,,\T;,lited
che.lpest


\Val t
cheap


(3) in longer \\fords (t\'ilO syllables or Inore) if the last part of the "\Tord is not stressed:


happen
visit
relncmber


strc5S
HAP-pen
VIS-it
re-MEM-her


---t happening/happened (Hot 'happenncd')

 visiting/visited
---7 ren1.ernbering/ renl enl bercd


Imt


prefer
begin


pre-FER
be-GIN


(stress at the end)
(stress at the end)



 preferring/preferred

 be g innino'
. b


(4) if the \vord ends in -y or -w. (At the end of \vords, y and w arc not consonants.)
enjoy
 enjoying/el
joyed snow/snowing/snowed few/fewer/fewest


[2451




'Appendix 6


Phrasal verbs (look out / take off etc.)


This is a list of sOlne iUlportJnt phrasal verbs (==> Unit 107).


out look out / watch out = be c.lrdll]:
. Look out! There's 3 car coming!


on conIC 011 = be quick / hurry:
. Conle on! Everybody is w.liting for you.
hold on = \vait:
. C.m you hold on <I minute? (= can you \\Iait?)
carry on = continue:
. Don't stop v
rorking. Carryon. (= continue \vorking)
. A: Fxcllse Ine, \\..h<..'r(' is the station, please?
B: Carryon along this road and tun] right at the lights. (= Continue along...)
a/so go on / walk 011 / drive on etc. = contillue going ete.:
. 1)011 't stop here. Drive on.
get on = manage (in ajob, at school. ill an exanl etc.):
. HO\\l are you getting on il1 your l1C\V job? (= are you doing ()K?)


off


take ofl
 = leave the ground (for plaues):
. The pLme took ofI20 minutes late
but landed 011 time.


.
----"'?::'
,
-

\
TM{E OH

'O,.
 -.-. -=-
8-(



 >........ --=-
I ", ,,_ --...
. . ......""- .
. -- ---':::


"ro' il - ......-----::--
-11 1 "l


up wake up = stop sl(:
eping:
. I often wake up in the middle of the night.
speak up = speak more loud]y:
. I can't hear you. Can YOll speak up a bit?
hurry up = do sOlnelhing Illore quickly:
. Hurry up! We luven't got 11111ch tinlC.
wash up = \
'ash the plates de. after a Ineal:
. Do YOll \V
U]t rne to wash up?
(or ... to do the washing-up?)


. . .0-
oJo 001 C)
 _ ..::r-....
. . '"
...t}" 0 ;D_
" ..,. : #.
<:..
. . 0
'l' \ ,"
_ (
I,
OW UP


give up = stop trying:
. I kno\v it's difflc111t but don't give up. (= don't stop tryil]g)


ill ,

---


-


\


over


fall over = lose your balance:
. I felt over because 111Y shoes \vere too big for mc.


BRE..'\K DuWN


down
 slow down = go more slowly:
. You're driving too Dst. Slow down.
break down = stop \-,",orking (J(Jr WI'S /nwehillcs cfe.):
. Sue \.vas very late because her car broke down.


[246 ]




Appendix 7


Phrasal verbs + object
(fill in a form / put out a fire etc.)


This is a list Of\)Ollle inlportant phras,11 verbs + ohject (=> Unit lOB).

 ..
-!r-::

il

. -.-- ....--Jbb l I:IL(. IN


-

-

t:At;::'i
 ......f:..." ........ ......_ .
,?

:r
 .",., .,...' .
"
.
C" ''''4-;\4-; '-
(:'N"J I
;: . f.,
,
:J,4'-

 PUT OUT
'
:

j'i*

 ' ,
-l;: u ..
 nn
.'
(' ;, f) [II
hrl ,
.--
.
---
-
--


in


fill in (3 fonn) = C01llp]ete (;1 t()flJl):
. C.an you fill in this fortn, please?


()bt


put out (a tIre / ,1 cigarette):
. The fire brigade arrivcd and put the tir
 out.


J1-
dt-,
t'


cross out (a mistake / :l \''\lord etc.):
. . If you Inakc a Inistake, cross it out.


('ROSS OUT


on try on (clothes) = put 011 clothes to see if they tlt you:
. (in a shop) This is a nice jacket. Shall I try it on?


up give up = stop sOll1ething that you do:
. Tom gave up sn"1oking rlvc Yl'ars ago. (= he stopped Sll1okillg)
. 'Are you stilllearnillg It;11iall?' 'No, I gave it up.'


ring up = (tcle)pbone:
. Sue rang ll1C up last night. (also 'Sue rang l11e Ia
t night.' ",ithollt 'up")
look up (a v
lord in a dictionary etc.):
. I didn'l kno\v the 1l},canillg of the v..!ord, 0.;0 (looked it up in a dictionary.
turn up = 111.1ke louder (TV, r.ldio, Illusic ete.)
. Call YOll turn the radio up? I call't he.lr it.


j down knock down (a building) = dCIllOlish:
. -'"rhey are going lO knock down the schoo]
and build .l nt"\\' ont".


. .......
· a",ray throwaway (rubbish, things you don't \\lant):
. Thcse apples are bad, Sh.tll I throw then1. away?
. Don't throwaway that picture. I \\laut it.
put away = put s01nethi1Jg in the plao;> wh(
rc you usually keep it:
. After they finished playing, the children put their toys away.


back; pay sOll1ebody ba(:k (money that you borro\\led):
. Thank YOli u)r lcnding me the 1l1Oney. [']I pay you back ncxt WLck.


over


knock over (a cup / a glass / a person etc.):
. Be carefil1. 1 )on't knock your eup over.
. There \vas au accident at the end of the
road. A Illan "\.vas knocked over by a CU'.
(m' A l!lan \vas knocked down hy a C,lL)


KNOCK OVER or
KNOCK

 J1 " KNO(:I{ [)( }\\!N
OVEH f.b 't. '-.£
l
_C',,:. .. A



=
/
-
- . -1".
,.;;.t:;;-, , i
 , ,':':"
:\&';-

 I. , " ,.,&/,
...., '- (':.
 I
,. --
'" -.. \ 'pI"'; _ v
{
 ,.?o-.." .

: f} " /"" ,
. .
:-..
 ----- '. ,; ,'.':: V,I ,...,. , '
,. .
........ ............,........- -
 --- . .". -
 J/:----" . ".w '.
-
''0. 1 _......----1 II r.... ' " .' - "'-./"' ./""
,I I, I I r .", : ': '.' ': .
./""
I '.' " . .:"'"



round/ i show (SOIllCbody) round/around = take sOllh"hody 011 a tour ofa place:
around, . We visited a f1Ctorv last week. Tbe lllana g er showed us round.
J



[2471




Additional exercises


List of c"'I:"crciscs:


1-2
3
4
5-7
8-9
10-13
14
15
16-1R
19-22


?'")

.)


24-27
2R
29
30
31-32
33


aITI/is/ are
present continuous
present siluple
present SiIllPlc, an'l/is/ are Jnd have (got)
present continuous and present sinlP]e
. was(were and past si'nplc
past silnple and past continuous
present and past
present perfect
present perfect Jnd p
1St silupie
present, past and present perfect
paSSIve
fu tu re
past, present and future
-ing and infinitive
a and the
preposItions


UNITS 1-2
UNITS 3-4
UNITS 5-7
UNITS 1-2,5-7, 9
UNITS 3-8
UNITS 10-12
UNITS 11-14
UNITS 3-14
UNITS 15-19
UNITS 18-20
UNITS 3-20
UNITS 21-22
UNITS 26-29
UNITS 3-20, 26-29
UNITS 50-54, 98, 105
UNITS 64,68-72
UNITS 96-101, 104


am/is/are


UNITS 1-2


1 Write sentences for the pictures. Use the words in the boxes + is/isn'l!are/aren'l.
Jd


J ' I . I
..
 .- - .... f . '
lC ,\, JIll 0 ,",' .

Aim
Kate
The children
Bill.
'rhe books
'r'he hotel
The bus


on the table
hl1ngry
asleep
6ftett
full
near the station
a doctor
happy


1 Ib.
.,


;?..

..J
P
.
__......
2 .A.

..
,
.

..
,
P.H.7.....
3 !{a te .__...,. ______ _.. ....-----.., , .........'..' ............. .......... ........".. ___...., --------., , ____...
4
5
6
7
8


r24
J




....


"


"


....


....


'"


...


....


....


"


.....


"


"


"


"


"


...


'.


...


\


...


...


...


'.


"


...


,


2 Complete the sentences.
I 'Are YOli hungry?' 'No, but ...r
....., thirsty.'
2 '.J1

..

...... YOllr parents?' 'They're vcry ,vel1.'
3 '[s Linda at hOll1C?' 'No, '............,................................................ at \vork.'
4 ................................................_......._____.. 111)' keys?' 'In the kitchen.'
5 Where is Pete fronl? __......._____...,_______......._____......___........_____... All1erican or British?
6 ._____.____________.._______....____....,..___.......___...... hot today. The tern perature is 35 degrees.
7 'Are you a teacber?' 'No, .............................................................. a student.'
u ' 1 . ]1 ?' ' G -' ,
o ...................,.......................................,.. your l11111re ,,1. reen.
9 Where's your car? __.___....__________...______.__.._______..__.______..._______ ill the car park?
10 '___....__....................................,................ tired?' 'No, 1'111 fine.'
11 '..,..........................:................................ these oranges?' 'J'hirty pence each.'


present continuous (I'm working / are you working? etc.)


UNITS 3-4


3 Use the words in brackets to write sentences.


1 A:
13:
2 A:
13:
3 A:
B:
4 A:
B:
5 A:
B:
6 A:
B:
7 A:
B:


Where arc vour P arents?
) J
.Th
.r
..


9...IY.:............ (they /\.
latch/TV)
Pallla is b aoing out.
) L
wr..

,
..

,
.9.

9,?...---.... ..____ (\v here / she/ go?)
\X/here's David?
__ __ .. ....... , ......... ....... .. . ........ . ........ . . . ........ . . .. ...... .. . .. ...... .. . .. ....... . . . .. ........ . (11 e / Ila v'e / a l) a t11 )
_....................................,..,....................,........."'.._......,.......... , ,.......... , ? (th e c hildrcll/ play?)
No, they're asleep.
..,. ____... _______.. ______.... ..___.." ..___..., ....__....'" ......., , ..........', .........." .........'", ? (i t/ raill ?)
No, not at the nIOl11cnt.
Where are Suc and Steve?
_____. ....___.... ......... ......... .........' ........... .......... .............. ........ ............. ...... (tiley / COl11 e / 110\V)
...... ......... ........., ......., ,.......', ,......... ,.....m, "..._....."..........,...........,........ ? (\vhy / you/ stand/here?)
....., ,.___.." ...____.,. _____... ,.___..., ,.____...., ...._...., " ......... " ..__....." ,...__...., ,....__.. ( 1/ vv'ait/ for S()]l1 ehodv)
J '


present simple (I work / she doesn't work / do you work? etc.)


UNITS 5-7


4


Complete the sentences. Use the present simple.
1 ,___

..
/
.H
...C?:!.r.


....... at ,vork early. (Slle/ahvays/arrive)
2 .W
.49.
.
..

......... 'rv vcry often. (vve/not/\-vatch)
3 Ho\v oftcll ..
..H

._
.
r_____... your hair? (you/w'asb)
4 [\-V
H1t to go to the cineIlla but .........................................................__......___.......______.. to go. (L
hns/Ilot/
Tant)
5 _____..____............,..................................................................... to go out this evening? (youlvvant)
6 ....."...................................,......................................__.......... near here? (Ann/live)
7 ..,.................................._m....___.._....______.......____......._______...____ a lot of people. (Sarah/knovv-)
8 J enjoy travelling but ----........--..... ,....-...... , "........,.....-.................."....---..."....---. .__. very n luch. (1/ not/travel)
9 What tin1e ............................................................................................. in the 111orning? (you/ usually/get up)
10 My parents are usually at h0111C in the evening. ...........,........................................._.......______......._..__..............
very often. (they/not/go ollt)
11 ,................................................................__......._____......______.. \,'\/ork at five () , dock. (Tinl/ alv..rays/ finish)
12 A: W ha t .......... ......... ....---....-------.... .--------- ..------.--- ..--------.... .------... .-----? Gill / do)
B: .."......."...._..."'.._....".______.".._____."._.____..."'._____.."".__._...,,'..._ in a hotel. (slle/\\'ork)


[249]




present simple, am/is/are and have (got)


" '
UNITS 1-2, 5-7, 9


5 Read the questions and Claire's answers. Then write sentences about Claire.


1
2
3
4
5
6
7
R
9


Are VOLI luarried?
J
f)o you live in London?
Are YOll a student?
Have you got a clr?
1)0 you go out a Jot?
I lave you got a Jot of friends?
Do vou like London?
,
))0 vou like dancing?
.'

Arc you interested in sport?


6 Complete the questions.


No.
Yes.
Yes.
No.
Yes.
Yes.
No.
Yes.
No.


1 ...



__l1
.
r_

.
_ ?
... -----..., , .......,. ........,. ......." ..______", _____._.. n 13rfi ed?
Wil ere '......... .......'... ......., ,.-------.., ..---....,' .........." ?
_....____...................... .......... ....__...... allY children?
H ()VI/ _.." ..................... .......' ,..______", --.---..., ....--....,', ?


1 S
 e l,.Sy{t; mGtrrie<l.
......,,'. ........', .........,.. ............
2 SHe Lives in LOYlclon.
3
4
5
6
7
8
9


Brian.
Yes, I ..1111.
In Barron R.oad.
Yes, a daughter.
She's three.


('n129.
r \vork in a supennarket.
No, I h
lte it.
Yes, I have.
No, I usuaUy go by bus.


- --7 ....

...
,-r, ,
# I ...

'"
'.


2


)
.. -----.... .
-_...... ............. .......... .---..... - ------ -.... ..--......... ................ ............. .



.


)
.-..--_.. .------... ............. .......... ......... _ -------.. .----..-.... ....--....... .................. .


_____.., .......... ........" ........, .._______ .._____...." ....._..'" ........ ).70 II r j () 11?
.._." .......'" ......., , ...._.... ,______.. ....__....." ............. ........'.. ....._. a ca r?
_.........................___.._.....____.........__............ to \\l(1rk 11)" car?


That's 111V hrother.
J -
Michacl.
TIc's a travel agent.
No, in Manchester.


3 Who is thi<; nlan?


,
.............................----.-........................................................----......


?
..... ........ .-..---... ..----..... ............ ........... .............. ....-...... ..-------_. ... .


..__., ._____... .........,. ........... .......... .......... .._________ill LOll do 11?


7 Make sentences from these words.


1 Sarah often / tennis
2 I / a nc\v car
3 I11Y shoes / dirty
4 Sonia / 32 veal'S old
J
5 [/ t\,VO sisters
6 \ve oftcn / TV il1 the evening
7 Ann never / a hat
8 a bicycle / two \vhccls
9 these Hovvers / beautiful
1.0 Mary / Gennan very \
rell


-.
.
"':.:-:




T


..?
.
.,
,
"p
?--



--._.....---
,.'.)."!
.9

.
..

-..
-
" '.'-
__MH,..
h


..

.,
:.........
S ollia __..... ........... ........... ..........' .....--.."'. ....--.'" ...-..---'" ..------." ---------... --------... -------.. ...----.,


12501




.....


.....


""\


.....


"'


.....


......


....


.....


present continuous (I'm working) and present simple (I work)


UNITS 3-8


8


Complete the sentences.


Pleasc be quict.
I) J( ,
,._..rr...
-qr:_J
9,:- (1/ \:\','urk)


tJ
-----


.....
..
,
....
......


""\


""


""\


""\


......


""\


"


"


"


...


...


"\


".


"\


9


Which is right?
1 ' Are-you-5J:)eaking-/ 1)0 you speak Eng1ish?' 'Yes, a little.' f)o you speak is right
2 SOllletinlCS \ve're going / \,ve go
n,va:y at \vcekcnd.s_
3 Ies a nice day tOlLlY_ The sun is shining / shines .
4 (YCm m,cct .111111 in tllC street.) Hello, Ann. Where are you goiug / do YOll go ?
5 Iloviloften are YOLI going / do vou gu 011 holid.ay?
() Enlily is a \\rritcr. She's \vriting / She \:vrites books fin" children.
7 rHInevel' readillg / I ncvcr read ne\\TSpapers.
S 'Where are Michael audJane?' ' They're \-v;ltching / They \vatch 'I'V in the liviug; roon?'
9 Ilelen is in her oflicc. She's talking / She talks to sOlllcbody.
10 What tilHC arc you usually having / do YOll l1slIallv have dinner?
11 JOh11 i
m 't at horne at the nlOlllcnt. lie's visiting / He visits SOll1(' friends.
12 'Would you like SOUle tea?' 'No, thank you. 1'111 not driuking / I don't drink tea.'


"
.... [251.1
...




was/were and past simple (I worked / did you work? etc,)


UNITS 10-12


10 Complete the sentences. Use one word only.
1 ] got up carly and ..
.
....., a sho\ver.
2 Tonl \vas tired last night, so he mm.....m............___.......m....... to bed carly.
3 1 ......,.........................m......m.. this pen on the floor. Is it yours?
4 Kate got I1larried when she .._____....__.___..__..._______...._______.... 23.

 Helen is learning to drive. She ........................m.......m......_.. her first lesson yesten.i.1y.
6 'I've got a nt'\v job.' 'Yes,] know". I )avid ,............................................. Ine:
7 'Where did you buy that book?' 'It \
/as a present. Ann .............................................. it to tue.'
R We .._______________...__.___.......__........... hun g ry, so \ve had sornethin o ' to eat.
..... " t-t
o ' [ )'.) - I fil ;J' '
r ] . :) '
7 tu you enJoy t le tllL les, .............................................. It "vas very gOOL .
10 'J)id Mary conle to your party?' 'N'o, \ve ......m......................,.............. her, but she didn't COBle:


11 Look at the questions and Kevin's answers.
Write sentences about Kevin when he was a child.


When you \.vere a child...


1
2
3
4
5
6
7
H


Were yoU tall?
,
r)id you like school?
Were you good at sport?
l)id YOll play football?
l)id you \vork hard at school?
Did you have a lot of friends?
Did you have a bicycle?
Were you a quiet child?


12 Complete the questions.


1
2
3
4
5
6
7


...P
..H.
0-...
-
y
--. a nice holiday?
....
.

..g.,y

..9.
.... ?
................ ...,...... .......... .......... .........,.. ........ th ere?
..m.. ".m..., .._..__.., .,..______.__..___Oo,... A1l1sterd
nll?


__
." __
.a_.' .

..a
...' .....__a.a.' .aa.....a..'.. .........aa..... .............. ......... ..
........ .......... .......'" ........, ..........., ,........,..... g()() (1?
.." .......". .......,... .___._", ..____.... __ .______.". .______., ba c k?


No.
Yes.
Yc>s.
Yes.
No.
Yes.
No.
No.


He wasn)t toJL.
................................................
He liked., sd1ool...
..-----_._-.---------...-.-----......----.....
He.......,' ....n....'.. ..__....,.. .___....... ______.... _____...,. .._..__., ........",....


Yes, it \vas great, thanks.
To Alllsterdalll.
five days.
,
Yes, very lllllCh.
I have friends in Alllsterdanl, so I stayed w'ith thenL
Yes, it \.V.1S \Varnl and sunny.
Yesterday.


. .
13 Put the verb in the right form (positive, negative or question).
1 It '
7vras a good party. ..I...
9.H
....... it. (1/ enjoy) , )
2 '.P
..H
...4P..m the
hopping?' (you/do) 'No, I _
J..
.
Y.
...... tinle.' (I/havc)
3 "I )id you phone Alan?' 'No, rIn afraid .........m................................_______..._____.______._______..._______..,...' (I/fi)rget)
4 (like YOllr ne\v \vatch. Where ............................................................................................. it? (you/get)
5 I sa"v Lucy at the party but .............................................,.........,..................................... to her. (I/speak)
6 A:- .........................................m.........___.........__._........____.__...._____ a nice \:vcckend? (you/have)
13: Yes, 1 \vent to stay \vith son Ie friend
 of tnine.
7 P"lul \\lasn't \vell ye
terday, so ......m..........m.....................m........m.........m..........__..........__ to \;york. (he/go)
8 'Is Mary here?' 'Yes, ...................................................,.................................... five rllinutes ago.' (she/ arrive)
9 Where __.......m......m.....'.............................................,.................... before he caIne here? (lZobert/live)
10 The restaurant \vasn't expensive. ......................................................,.............. very Hluch. (the Ineal! cost)


1. 2 52]




past simple (I worked) and past continuous (I was working)


UNITS 11'-14


14 Look at the pictures and complete the sentences. Use the past simple or past continuous.


1


..... :'".


'


Jj
.
f l 'ff' .t.('. .. '
I
'.F .,-.,,;, ....1;
:t., t7 ... , ;,{
t:I ...1,,'<: :<- _ .... .,.
.. '.;1,:-:.
'
II\' ;Io"'k At
 r;;j;j



";.
\\tii
';. ',\

 /lit

f.
 .

I' ...:"ll

 .J.' .:
 , ", '.' .. ';)f,.V:P'L
n rT
 I t." ".Ai! "
".":

 _;..
. . -"... .
-------------------------------------------------- -------------------- ------------ -------- ---- --


[ ......................................................... (open) the \vindo\v The phone ......................___.....,..............____ (ring) \vhile
becanse it \V,.lS hot. Sue .................................................... (cook) the dinncr.



 ,..:::.:.;.
.,
',. ..



I ...............__....................... (heJr) a noise outside, so I Torn .........,..........,........... (look) ont of the \vindo\\/
...........__................................ (look) Oll t of the vvTindo\\r: \vhen the Jccidcnt ...__...........,...................... (happen).


[253.1




present and past
"UNITS 3 14
15 Complete the sentences. Use one of these forms:
the present simple (I work etc.) the present continuous (I am working etc.)
the past simple (I worked etc.) the past continuous (I was working etc.)
1 You can turn off the television. I ..P...9......... (not/v.ratch) it.
2 Last nightJenllY ...-h4... (f\l1) asleep \vhile she ....9..... (read).
3 Listen! SOll1cbody m...........................................m.......'..m......n (play) the piano.
4 'Have you got lny key?' 'No, [ .............m....mm....'....................................... (give) it hack to you:
5 l)avid is very lazy. I-Ie ...........nm.....m.n...'....n................................. (not/like) hard \vork .
{) Where .......................m........mn..'............................ (your parents/ go) for their holidays last year?
7 I, ..nm........... .......... ....m... 'nm................ ......... (see) [)iane yesterday. Sh e ............ ............ .............. ...............m....... nnm
(drivi.» her new car.
8 A: ...m......m.......................................m.....nmm (you/\vatch) televisiol1 vcry of tell?
B: 'No, I haven't got.\ television set.
9 A: 'What ..............................mn................................... (you/do) at (-) o'clock last Sunday 111orning?
B: I \vas in bed asleep.
10 Andy isn't at hOllle very nluch. He mn.......n.....................................................m (go) a\,vay a lot.
11 I ................'.m................................................. (try) to find a job at the llHHnent. It's very di£ficult.
12 1'1l1 tired this 111orning. I ..................................................'mm............. (not/sleep) very \vel1 bst night.
present perfect (I have done / she has been etc.)
UNlTs'15-19
16 Look at the pictures and complete the sentences. Use the present perfect.
1
5 MINUTES LATER 2
Who's that luan?
'.
---.........--.. -
.,) . t -'-
No) .....J... - i:::: ;
t ,---'-, -
,9..,...;.. ' ==> =
'.......
1 . ' , . ,',' -.-... '..
... .--.I....__.
. -,....-p-,- -....
... .'''''''''-
 .;....";.. \
Are YOll still \vatching the filtn? . {,::: l
... ......\. ..,
. - . .. .... -< ,\  (: ....1 ..;;
No, It m.................. Just ",'
:f. ..... .
flt u_', "
..- . .. i'r;i;  ' '" '. ", . \ It
.1- ", .,. .' ..'... '_, . .
, .,,_._ . ' . ' It'. 0""\,"' .' -:.'S... -0. -... . I
III.I III .:.. :t I '.-" :...... ;...-' vr....  --'...". I
.. ;'f :;: .t .I J --:..y:....).7 ..
...i :1: iJi iiii,;n l ' 7 '''/i?::;''''. .. n'" ;:::'i.:':;i r '
..: ii, ;,; ::i ,. ",/'!-i.. r:-' .  ::. !=::;= l ;
, '(11"- J'.: . . . . ", .... 'P"..' I , '.
. ;, :. .: -,. ... ... .. III ..... . 11111 , 1 ' .
. ", J PL ,'LII -, "l...=.... ,1.',,-= I r, II I >,
':'''I.t'. ., 11 -.1......... i.' "' I ' l l
. ':"_ I don t kno"v. ] ..'t. . I,
r:t,y.... hinl before.
.....
9
-
.
l2S4 ]

\.
5
[s this a good book? IBOOIKS
I don't kno\v. I
..______..".........".................. It.
6
I'ullooking [or Julia.
.... .. . . ......... . . . .. ........ .. . . ........ " 11 c r?
, .
..
"/'
-
7;' ... . ,..'
'i: ..::);..::.....
..,. "' 

, .; No, thanks. I .........___
4 .......................... enough.
:'1 \ 1\  \'I!IIII!!\!m!\II:I!! 
'J ,\\ \I i. "II'" · , ,,
li,II'I,e
H . r
'. ". ...::,,::..' -?' 8
:'. .'.,' "
. .."' .. , I  ;;.!I
- i . I!II ..  . ,'...
- I . I ...- .
. -.- .. I I I' .2. .." .
..,'. ! it \,l \ I i j 'I. I
','.' e ;!';II [ !I j ' :; '.; I!
",, '-, '1 1 J L f,
.-- .,
_:- :t ,Jli! I: I , \ ' .-:' ...............................
. . w . ( .::rILL "l llj
. '"'' j.
.. . ,.1 I .'
..-.., ", ,:" d .'
11
,":[Q1
\ .., #J:
\-.11 . . i,!R"* - ":":1&
  :   \.. ...\. .r-J':' --=
:i:;;,'imliHI; : t ,.'
"" ,, _ Of. ... , , , ,. L I
\ '\  "::': I J
" :, t\ .:::' , '.'
-1 ..t... \ .... l1li '10 .
. Go., "J'" .:.
1,"J. ".,,'
13 ])0 vou kn()\v Nonnan?
J
I-Io\;v long .................
...................__......... here?
",. '1.1
.:,, h II@':: ,!,::.,' -
'. . ,"-,\:......  ,. ' , ': ..... <:f::,
. h.:......," : ,: '.' .. 'JII  Since 1994. I...
"<, · <": :':" ':: l.   ::::::  c. .
,,:. ...::,...:.. :,::':. < " \111 '- , ,' ..  '
. . '_"'!'-<;':': .,... " " _ .  '. t ; I, -' ::.;
111 1.f. .} 11 :;  ..:,.. ,,11:)' 11 \ . I .I . ;
I ' f'"'..." "",,' ", . ..-' J 
, ."  ,..  .......j:. ':".
A'- 1 I, .. ". ..." . '.;, .: ,
,j J ' '.. \\.    "'t",,,.,,.. "' \ ' .-t. (
 . ' .\ >.. .'".', ,; .
.'  ' ,__ ..,.;,. T', \ ','
II '   " """.,:", ',r 'r.  "" !:'.
';.::!r. ':"L" ""!':"": \ " ',,'
..c:zL....'I... -...."  .... . {-
; .:lV':".- ' - .-. '.:;. 1
 ;   >. r ... II The \vcathr is I'>rriblc ,;
 ,"':I 'I J . ..i ..'
(!  t '.; here. It -----....--------.....--------...----
, .  .. t. t
-:-:.,,:.:: ___..________.....________....___._____.., all dav.
'. .
.'...i:: . ,-... .0,: _.. ,..
1255.1

17 Complete the sentences (1,2 or 3 words).
1 Mark and I,iz are Inarried. They ..y...., Ilurried for five years.
2 r)avid has been \v<ltching TV ...., 5 o'clock.
3 Martin is at \.vork. He ......__...............................................__...,._______. .It \vork since H.30.
4 'I-lave you just arrived ill London?' 'No, I've been here ............................u____....._.................... tlve days.'
J I've kno\vn Ann ............__....________......_____...,....u....................... \ve \vere at school together.
6 'My brother lives in Los Angeles.' 'R.cany? 110\\' long .......______.....__................................_.______............ there?'
7 George has had the saIne job ....................,.._____......._____.............................. 20 years.
H SOllH:' fi-iellds of ours are staying \vith us at the rllorncnt. T'hey ..................------.................................h__....__.__
here since MOildav.
J
18 Complete the sentences. Write about yourself.
.
1 I've never ....t.....!':........
2 I've .-....tQ...4P... nlanv titnes.
J
3 I've just. .._____... ...__..," ...._....,.. ........". ..........,. ........... ..........", u .____..., _______.... ........",.. .........,... .......".. ..-....., , ....__.....".. ............ ........,.. .____....__.
4, I ' \'e ... u.. , , ... _ --.. , , ... --.. , , , . -- -- --.. , , .. _ -- -- -- , , ,. -- -- -.. . , ,........., , . ........ . . . . . ......... . , , ....... , , . ... __ __. . , . .... __ _... , , ......... . . . . ........ , , , ..... __ u __. . u __ __.. .. , ........ . . . ........ , . .. ____
(once / tvvice / a fe\v titHeS / tnany tinlcs)
5 J }la\le Il 't. ..... ........... .......... .......... .........". ....uu..,. ...______... ..______.." ........", .......... ..........., ......____.. ...__........... )ret.
(} I' \re 11 e\rer .. ..__...., ........., .........., , ......."... ............. .........,.. ......... ,....____.." .____..,',. ............ ............ ....u..,. ...__.__.. ,.. ...._..." .......... ........., , ..__.... ,....
7 I '\it' ., ..__...". ,,___..,. ..______,. ..______.. .._____..." ........",., ........, .............. ........ sirlce ...' .._____.. __, .........", ............ ........" .....____.. ..______., ........,'. ........" .....
HI' \le . ........., ......... ......... .......,.", .......",. ....___.., ....____.." .....___...," ......... for ........ .........". ...______,. ..___...., ............ ........... ......... ...__....,.. ........" .......
present perfect (I have done etc.) and past simple (I did etc.)
UNITS 18-20
19 Present pertect or past simple? Complete the sentences (positive or negative).
1 A: 1)0 VOl1 Jike London?
, )
£3: ] don't kno\v. [ ..hyJ........ there.
2 A: l-bvc YOll seen Ann?
13: Yes, I __.__. her five Ininutes ago.
3 A: That's a nice s\veater. Is it ne\v?
B: Yes, I ..................................................._______.... it last \veek.
4 A: Are YOli tired this 1l1orning?
B: Yes, J ...................................................._..___.___ to bed late last night.
S A: 1)0 YOll vvant the ne\-vspaper or can] have it?
B: You CJn have it. I ....................................._______.......__......... it.
6 A: Are you enjoying your lle\V job?
13: I ..._____........__............................................ yet. I'vly first day is next Monday.
7 A: The \\leather isn't very nice today, is it?
B: No, but it .._..___.........__........................................... very nice yesterday.
8 A: WclS Linda at the party on Saturday?
B: I don't think so. I .............................................................. her there.
9 A: Is your son still at school?
B: No, he ..____..................__.................................... school t \VO years ago.
lOA: Is Sylvia 11larried?
B: Yes) she ..__.........._............................................... Jnarried for five years.
11 A: J-Iave YOll heard of C-;eorge Washington?
B: ()f course. H,e ...........................................................__. the first President of the United. States.
[256 J

20 Make sentences from the words in brackets (...). Use the present perfect or past simple.
1 A: I lave VOli been to ScotLuH.l?
B: Yes, .!.:....#:1...,t.Y.:......... (J / go / thcre / bst year)
2 A: 110 you like London?
. )
13: I dOIl't kno\v. .J..Y..,Y..!:I..,,:.... (I / nevcr / there)
3 A: What titHe is Pall] going out?
] : ... ...__.... ....__.. ........, ......... ........' ........., ........., .........." ..........", ,.........., .........." .........., .........." ............ .......__....... (lle I already I go)
4 A: lias C:<ltherille gOIll' hOllle?
13: Ycs, ...........................................................,.................................................................................. (she / go / at 4 o'clock)
J A: New' Y()rk is IllV f.1vourite citv.
. ,
B: Is it? ..................................................__.........................,...............................--? (hu\,v lllany tillies / YOll / there?)
6 A: What are YOll doing this \.veekend?
13: r dOll't kno\v. .....................................__...,...................................................'.....__.................. (I / not / decide / yet)
7 A: I can't fInd 1HY address book. H..1VC you seen it?
B: .................................................................................__.................'........................................ (it / 011 the tahlt." / last Hight)
8 A: Are YOll hungry?
13: No,....., ..____,. ......., .......... .......' ......." ......... ...____.., ...__...." ...__....."'.. ............. .........." .........',.. ..--.....'" ..--....., ...----...,. (I / j lIS t / ea t)
9 A: Panb and Sue are here.
13: Arc they? ..................................................................................................,...........--...? (w'hat tiule / they / arrive?)
21 Present perfect or past simple? Complete the sentences.
'>
,
,
,
,
,
"
,
1 A: ..HY..H--..... to France?
B: Yes, IHany titHes.
A: When ......................__...................................... the last tilllc?
13: T\vo yea rs ago.
,
2 A: Is this vour car?
,
B: Yes, it is.
A: 110\\1 long .............................................................. it?
13: It's ne\v. r ......................,................... it yesterday. .....
'.
\
\
3 A: Where do you live?
13: ] n E-LlroJd Street.
A: I-Iow' lon g ......................,.....................,............,.... tllere?
...
13: rive years. I3cfin"c that ....................................,.................
in Mill TZ.oad.
A: (Io\v long ................................,........... ill Millltoad?
B: About three years.
\
4 A: Wh..lt do you do?
£1: I \.vork in a shop.
A: Ho\v long ..........,................................................... therc?
D: Nearly t\VO ye<lrs.
A: What ......",..................................................... before that?
B: I .............................................................. J t:1XI driver.
 f: M1ere cto 
\\ . _ IJO(A liNe? l.
I !i'- t I  -- . ,,'
4 ,jT!!1I1   ,  jllil!'!th_ .. '.. '(ldl!
{ .. .,' \ \ ' \  :\. ,;..!..\.,..;.. ,,0.:-. 1'..': ....\ ,;.'.i ':'I
:.r., .,.. I - -'.', 1r......... "  -.I/,. .
,, I.i.:-...... ..... \ .........11 ...i' .'.u'" r:i"
I .1;,, ........, . - 1 ........ .':. -, -. -.....
.,1 .......... . . .., 0'\..' .... k. JI
t:"'; J;:I I, I I. .,, !.I"}\
li ' Vb !' 
I -  .., ,.
J ,,' ':':, _ · ':- [
 l, J < I 11' ) 11 l.;::::
"' II  '.. It  ,\.. ,
iL..,-, .. .....;............. I',. h." ..
· "o(,, r ',  ,:.. ,',..  .. \ ' r I :/ (  .J.
...' " ....... '1, '...' ,,' 111.-"
I..a., ,..r. ." I j " I I .. ".
"....."wi '.< _ . .
.' .' ... / '.t I . >,,,,
. ...11- .. .. ""0 ....... :--
[257]

22 Write sentences about yourself.
I (yesterday InOrIlil1g)
2 (last njght)
3 (yesterday afternoon)
4 (... days ago)
5 0ast \vee k)
6 (last year)
.J.....r,.Q..H...q9......
...................---......-------.--.----------....-----.......--..........................................................-----................................
...........................................................---....--------....--...................................................-..--..--.......---.................
.............................................................-.------..--------........-..................................................------................
present, past and present perfect
23 Which is right?
1 'Is SlA.e workit1 g ?' ' N . 1 ,'. I I '], r'
......m........_.......__...... .... . 0, S 1<':' S on 10 10.1).
A I)oes Sue \vork B l \.vorking Sue C Is Sue \vorkiug T) Does \\'ork Sue
2 'Where .............................................................,..........,....?' 'In a village Ilcar London:
A lives your uncle . B docs vour uncle Jive C vour uncle lives
. , J
TJ does live your uncle
3 1 speak Itc11ic1n but ....,._...'........m..'..'................................................. French.
A I speak not B I'lllllot speaking C J doesll't speak [) I don't speak
4 'Wherl'.s «Hl1?' '..nm_....'______........m.........m................................... a ShO\Vt'T at the 1I1olTlent.'
A He's baving B He have C He has 1) lie has had
5 Wll\.' nn__...' n____... _________. _________.. nn__.....' ..-----.., , ............., a 11gr ) ' \\,j th JHt' vesterda v?
.I ,......J J
A \overe YOll 13 \vas you C you \,VeJT I) have you been
6 My flvourite 6hn is Cleo1j })r('£1111. .................................................._...'......m......__m.. it f()ill" tilllCS.
A rIll seeing B I see C I sa\v D 1 've seen
7 I ....m____n.m__..'.m.....'..m....'__.__.__..'..m__.__...mm__... out last night. 1 \:vas too tired.
A don't go B didn't ,,'eIH" ( didn't go T) haven't gone
8 Liz is fi'Oll1 Edinburgh. She ....................................,...........'.m__......m.........m. there an her life.
A is living 13 has lived C: lives ]) lived
9 My fi'iend m........m........m.................................................... for Ule \vhen I arrived.
A \ovajted l:3 has \vaited C \vas \,vaiting JJ has been \vairing
1 () 'H 0\\.' 1<)n1; .m...' "..m...'........_." ,.........", 'm....." ,.........." ,........ En glish?' 'Six lIlont1ls.'
A do you learn B are you learning C, you are learning
1) have you been learnjng
11 Martin is English but he lives in France. He has becn there ...................___....'..m......__mm.......m..................___ .
A for thrce years 13 sinn: thrce years C: three years ago )) during three years
12 'Wbat tit1le .......................................................m........___........?' 'About an honr ago.'
A hs Ann phoned B Ann has phoned (did Ann phone I) is Anll phoning
13 What ............................................................................. \\,hen YOll sa'\v her?
A (id Sue \vear B \vas Sue \vcaring ( has Sue worll I) \vas \\learing Sue
14 'Can you drive?' 'No, .............................,...____.....__..m__....mm...'.........,.. a car but I \vant to lean),'
A 1 never drove B 1 'n1. never drjvjng (I've Ilever d.riven
D 1 \7\,''0:15 never driving
15 I sa\v Lisa at the station \\,hen I Vilas going to \.vork this rnorning but she ...............n.........m.....'... IHe.
A didn't see 13 don't see C hasn't seen D didn'r SJ:\iV
'UNITS 3-20
[258]

r-,
_.
-

,--.
,.....
r'-
,,.......
--..
-
--
--...
..--
"......
"......
---
--
--
-.
--
-,
r
,,-.
.r--
,
passive
UNITS 21 ;"22, APPENDIX'1
24 Complete the sentences.
1
f!
1ft
.
'['hese houses __,..,.#.... 20 ye.lrs ago.
Before that there \vas a cinenu here but the
building ..................................._____....,. (dalllage) in a lire
and had to ._...............,_____...,________..,______.. (knock dO\\ln).
3
This bride .....___..............,...,............. n)uild) in 1925.
 \1 .
It ......,..______...,..____......_____......___. (use) by hundreds of
people every day. At the tHOlnent the bridge
... ........... .......... ........... ............ ............... ()ail) t) .
4
This street .............____......_______...______....... (call) Wilton
Street. It llsed to .............................................. (cal1)
]an1es Street but the 1l.:l111C .................................__..__.....__
(change) a fc\v years ago.
This is a bicycle f.1ctory. Bicycles ......................___....
__.........___........__........._ (nuke) here since 1931. It's
the largest bicycle £\Ctory ill the country -
hundreds of bicvdes ......__............__..................______
,
(producC.:') here every ycar.
25 Complete the sentences.
1 We __.,Y...... (invite) to the party but \ve didn't go.
2 The lllUSeUIJl is VClY popular. Every year it ____.........__............................. (visit) by thousands of people.
3 NIaIlY buildings ___.....______....._______................................................... (dalnage) in the stonlllast \veek.
4 A l1e\i road is going to ..................................................__.......____.....,..__..., (huild) next year.
5 'Where's yourjacket?' 'It ....___..........___........._____.........____........___......._____ (dean). It \vill be ready ton10JTOVV.'
6 She's f.11l10US no\,:v, but in a fev;.r years her Ilatne \vill ......................................................,.._.............__ . (forget).
7 'Shall I do the \vashing-up?' 'No, it ..............,......--........---.........--..........__................,..................... (already/do).'
8 Milk should ................................................._____.....__..___..__....___ (keep) in a fridge.
9 ..., ........ ........... ........ .....__..... ..______......___._... ....___.... ......___...'" ............, ......._... (yo u/ ever/bite) by a snake?
10 My bag ..__..__.....______.......................................................... (steal) fioll1 111Y car yesterday afternoon.
26 Write a new sentence with the same meaning.
1 SOlllebody has stolen U1Y keys. JJ....'f..--.tQ.---
2 Sonlebody stole IllY Celr last \veek. My ear ..........................._......................___.......____..........____......_____........___........
3 Sonlebody \\rants you 011 the phone. YOll ...........................................................................................___..........___....,...
4 SOlllebody has eaten the bananas. rhc .... ............. .......... ............ ............ ........................ ............. ............ .......... .....
5 S0l11cbody \vill repair the Jl1achine. The .................................................,.................................................................
6 Son lebod y is \-va teh ing us. We ........------... ....------....------... ..,------... ..,-----.........--............................. .................
7 Sornebody has to buy the fiJ<.KL The ...........--...,..---.........____........____.......______......___.__...__._____.__...___---.......---......--..
[2:

27 Active or passive? Complete the sentences.
1 They ,..g...., (build) a ne\v airport at the 1110111cnt.
2 These shirts are dean no\'/. They ...,.....___.. ("\lash).
3 'How' did YOll £t11?' 'Sornebody .................................__............_...,_.______.....______......... (push) HIe.'
4 'Hovl did YOli [111?' 'I .,________...,..____.....,______......................................,___...... (push).'
5 I can'r find lllV ba o '. SOlnebodv --....,_____........_____.........................................____.......___ ( take ) it!
J b -.1 _
6 My \\latch is broken. It __........____........__........_______....._____.....,.____.....,.............. (repair) at the 1110rnent.
7 Who ............................................................................._.. (invent) the Gll11cra?
8 WI) C11 ________. ________. ________.. ,__._____.., ,._._._..,' ,...___..'" ..........,. ............. ...__... (the Gunera/ invcn t)?
9 The letter \vas tor Ine, so v\,ihy .....______......_______......______............................................ (they/send.) it to you?
1 u The i nfornlation \vilI ..............................,................._......______.....____........__ (scnd.) to you as soon .IS pDssible.
future
. UNITS 26-29
28 Which is the best alternative?
'I ...W\-,'{9---. a party next SUllcby. I hope YOll can Caine.
A We have B We're having C We'll have
2 Do you kno\-\! about Sany? ___..._______......._____.................,............................__. her job. Shc told J11e last vveek.
A She leaves B She's going to leave C She'll leave
3 There's a prograrnnle on television that I \NJnt to vvatch. ............____.......______.______......._...__..... in five
111JIllltes.
A It starts B It's starting C It \vill start
4 The \veather is nice nO\\l but I think ........______....._______.....____.......................................... later.
A it rains 13 it's raining C it \\Till rain
5 'What ..............,...._................................__.........___.........__ next "veekend?' 'N othing special. Why?"
A do you do Ban:' YOll doing C \\Till YOll do
6 '\Vht"ll YOli see Ann, can YOli ask her to phone Illet "C)K" ...____....,.._____...._____...............................,..... her.'
A I ask B rIn going to ask C: I'll ask
7 'What \vollid you like to drink, tea or coHee?' ',.___.__....,..__.....................__....................______.....,... tea, please.'
A [have B I'nl going to h.lve ( I'll have
8 I )on't takc that ne\vspaper ;nvay. ...............___.........______...._____.......__._.........._............ it.
.A I read B I'nl going to read C I'll read
9 IZachd is ill, so _____......___._......_____........_......................................... to the party t0I110ITO\iV night.
A she doesn't COBle B she isn't c0I11ing C she Vv'on't C0111C
10 I v\/ant to Ineet Sarah at the station. What titHe ..................._........______....______................................. ?
A does her train arrive B is her train going to arrive C is her trAin arriving
'11 'Will VOll be at hOIne tOIllorrovV evenin g ?' 'N(). ................__..........___......____._..,....___......................_. .'
J 
A I go out 13 I'lll going out C I'll go out
12 .__....,...__....................................................._.........__ YOll t01110rn.J\v?' 'Yes, OK.'
A L)o I phone 13 Anl I going to phone C Shan I phone
[2601

\
past, p resent and tutu re
UNITS 3-20, 26-29
29 Complete the sentences.
1 A: P..HP.--.9----- (you/go) our last night?
D: No, ___..,.___.......___......___......................................... (I/stay) at hOlllC.
A: What ....___......___...................................................... (youl do)?
13: .." ......., ........ ......... .......... ........, .....___..., .....--... (I I vvate h) television.
A: ...............................................__.__...______....___.. (youl go) Oll t ton}OITO\T night?
13: Yes, ......_____......_____....___......................................... (II go) to the cinelna.
A: Which filtn ..................................___................................. (voul see)?
, -
B: ....... ........ ........ .......... ......... ...___.. ....____ (I I no tl kn 0\1\.') . ___...... ........... ............ ...___..... ,..__........ __..___... (I I llotl deci de) yet.
2 A: Are you on holiday here?
B: Yes, "\vc arc. ..r ,'"
A: Ilovv long .....___.....______....______.......................................... (you/be) here?  
II: nm mnm nmn moon... 'n..m.......... .................. (wel ar rive) yesterday_ g fi'   ...
A: And ho\v long ...................................................................... (youl stay)?   j f.il _
B: Until the end of next vveck. ..  ..- , .......c i... .._ f', I . ,  Q .
A,: l s (l ......."'.----.".----.."........,........"........................ (  e .l / ll J. l, ) It here ---" !;-;-- _ j ,\ i\1 \\ '" ',j  ,)P "
I3: IL., .....................:...................................................v '- '-" ._, /ltH'? "
a \vonderfill tlIne. '\ ' . 'l 1.1.1;
-
3 A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
o h, .... ......... ......... ......... ................... ..m.........___. (I Ijustl rernen Iber) - ....., ..______.... ,________., ....___..__..__._____.... ..m........,
Gin/phone) \,vhilc you \,vere out.
....................___....._____..................................... (sh cl ahvaysl phone) \vh Cil 1'111 not hcre.
...__....,_____..__..__... ................... ......... ................ (sh e/lcave) a 111CSsagc?
No, but ...................m......mm...moo.........___........... (she/want) you to phone her back as soon as possible.
() K, . ..m....................... .......... ......... ...................... (II phone) hcr n OVv.
...., ......... ......... ........, ,......., "'....... .........., ,'mm (yo u/kno\\r) her nUIuber?
I t's in illY address book. ..___................,................................................ (II get) it tor you.
4 A: ...oo........m...................................................... (II go) out \vith Chris c:md Stev this evening.
...........___.................................................00..... (you/vVJl1t) to COllIe \vith lIS?
H: Yes, \vherc ...mm...m....................................................... (youl go)?
A: To the Italian restaurant in North Strect. .......................................................... (you I ever I eat) there?
B: Yes, ............................................., (l/be) there t\ro or three tiTHes. In flCt ] .....00..............................,........ (go)
there last night but I'd love to go again!
5 A: ...................'.....................'.0000....'__................ (I/lose) IllY glasses again.
...............oo......m__...m..........___.............,......... (youl see) thell1?
13: .. ........ '..m.......___............................................ (you/v'lcar) thcln \VhCI1
."......"......",............................"........."......... (I I C(}lne) ill.
A: Well, .....................................m__......m..........___...... (II not/\vear) thenl novY',
so ",rherc arc thcv?
J
B: .............................m...................................... (you/look) in the kitchcn?
A: No, m....'..oo........___............................................... (II go) and look 110\,v
[261 ]

-ing and infinitive


UNITS 50-54, 98
'105


30 Which is correct?


1 Don't forget __
..
.

.... off the light before you go out.
A s\vltch B. to s\vitch C s\vitchillg
2 It's late. 1 111tlSt ............._____...________......_____...................... no\v.
A go B to go C go iug
3 1'111 sorry but I haven't got tirne ___........................................................... to you no\v.
A fc}r ulkiug B to talk C talking
4 BiH is ahvJ.Ys ill the kitchen. H.e enjoys ....---................,.....,.....---..--.....------...------ .
A cool 13 to cook c: cooking
5 Wc'v<.; decided ....___...........................................___......... ;l\vav fin' J fe\v davs.
_ J
A (TO B to \.J'O C (TOln(y
b b b b
6 You're lll.lkillg too rnllch noise. Can YOll please stop ...,.-----.....,...-----......------...,------.--.....------.. ?
A shout B to shout C shouting
7 Would you like .......___._.................................................. to dinner on Sunday?
A COJlle B to COlne C cOllling
8 That ba.o' is too heaV ) T for vou. Let Ille ........,...___.....,..___...,..._____..___.______.._________. you.
b.J

A help B to help C helping
9 Therc
..;.1 S\.villlJlling pool near illY house. [go ......______.....______..,..______..........__......__._...... every day.
1\ to sVili1l1 B to svv'inll1ling C s\\fiullning
lO I )id YOll use a dictionary ........................,.....________....._______..,.._____.. the Jetter?
A to translate 13 for translating C for translate
11 I'd love ......_____................................................... cl car like vours.
-
1\ have 13 to have C having
12 C:ould YOll ........................................__.....______......,__ llle \vith this bag, please?
A help B to help C helping
13 I don't 111ind .....__....,.______.......____......__........................ here but I'd prefer to sit by the \vil1do\v.
A
it B to sit C ..;itting
14 J)o you \\'an t .______........... ............. ........... ............. ....... you?
A that I help BIlle to help C: IHe helping
15 I always read the ne\\1spapcr before __..........______......_____......_____..,..____._......____. \\fork.
A start B to start C starting
16 I \\rasn't feeJing vcry "veIl but the Inedicine luade HIe .............................................................. better.
A fcel n to feel C feeling
17 ShaLl [ phone the restaurant ................................................__............ a table?
A fi)l" reserve 13 for reserving C to reserve
....'
18 TOlll looked at 111e \vithout ................................................,............, anything.
A say 1:3 saying C to say


[2621




'"


....


"


,


"


31


"


,


,


"


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Call you pass .
-
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,. , pleclse?



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'UNITS,64, 68-72


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What did YOLI do last night?


".:. ..:....


8


Can you play m........._.
?


Yes, but not
very welL






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1. 2 63]




32 Put in alan or the where necessary. If alan/the are not necessary, leave an empty space (-).
1 \\1110 is __
.
___ best player in your teanl?
2 I don't \vatch ..:-:-:-.._ television very often.
3 'Is there ..
... bank near here?' 'Yes, at ._

... end of this street.'
4 I can't ride ............... horse.
S ............... sky is very clear toni g ht.
, ,
() ))0 you live here or are you ...'.m.m..' tourist?
7 What did you have for ........______. lunch?
8 Who \\7as ............... first President of ....m.._....' United States?
: \ ' WI . ";.' ' ] I ' k ] 1 , ] ,
S- 1at tl111e IS It. ( on t '-nO\iv. 1aven t got ...m_........ \vatc 1.
10 rIp sorry but I've forgotten your llaJ11e. [ can never rC'ulelnber ..____.,.._____ nanlCS.
11 What tinle is ............... next train to London?
12 Kate never \\7rites m............ ktters. She prefers to. phone people.
13 "Where's Sue?' 'She's in ......m_....' garden.'
14 EACLlse nIe, ['Ill looking f"{)r ______...,...._ McIjestic ] 10te1. Is it near here?
15 Gary \\ras ill ______.,_______ last \oveek, so he didn't go to ............... \vork.
16 Everest is ............... highest Illountain in ..:______....__ v.. 1 orld.
17 [l1suaI1y listen to ............... radio \vhile ['Ill having ..______....___ breakfast.
18 [like ______.....___. sport. My f
lvourite sport is ............... basketball.
'[9 Julia is ____......_____ doc,tor. f-Ier husband is .......__...... art teacher.
20 My apartJllent is on ............... second tloor. Turuleft at ._____.....,... top of............... stairs, and it's on
.......m..... right.
21 After ....____...___. dinner, \,ve \
/atched .........m... television.
22 Last year \ve had ....,.......... \vonderful holiday in .......m..... south of ........m.... France.


prepositions
33 Put in a preposition (in/for/by etc.).
1 Ilelen is studying la\V ..
.. ulliversity.
2 What is the longest river .___........m Europe?
3 Is there anything .m....'...... tele\Tision this evening?
4 We arrived ...m......... the hotel after 11lidnighL
5 'Where's IVlike?' 'He's ..____.__...___ holiday.'
6 'Ton1 hasn't got up yet. He's still ________.,_____ bed.
7 Linda is .l\vav. She's heen a\vav ............... Monda ) T.
, ,
H The next rlleeting is ....._______... '[5 April.
9 I usually go to \-vork .......m..... car.
10 There's too 11luch sugar ............... tHY coffee.
11 Kevin lived in London m........m_ six Inonths. I Ie didn't like it very 111uch.
J
12 Were there a lot of people ...,..______.,. the party?
13 What are you doing ............... the 11l0inent? Are you "vorking?
14 [don't kno\\7 any of the people ............... tIlls photograph.
15 The train \
"-..s very slo\
l. 1 t stopped ............... every station.
16 I like this 1'00111. I like the pictures ...mm...... the \val1s.
17 'l)id YOll buy tlut picture?' 'No, it \
las given to n1C ............... a friend of Inine.'
IB rnl going
1\vay ............... a fe\v days. rn be back ....._____..,.. Thursday.
19 Silvia h.1S gone ............... lta1y. She's ............... Milan at the rnornent.
20 Ann 1cft school ..._m........ fifteen and got a job ............... a shop.


,UNITS 96-101., ,104


[264]




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Key to Exercises


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1.1
2 they're
3 it's not / it isn't
4 that's
5 1'111 not
6 you're not / you areIl't


....


...


.....


1.2
2 'Ill/am
3 IS
4 are
5 's/i



6 are
7 1S.. _ are
R '111/30111... is


.......


.......


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1.3
2 My brother is a teacher.
3 This house isn't / is not very
J
big.
4 Tht' shops aren't / are not
open today.
5 1Vl
l keys are in my bag.
6 Jenny is '18 ye;,us old.
7 Y Oll aren't / are not very tall.


"


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1.4


"


Exmuplc ansu-1cn:
1 My nanle is R..obt,'I"t.
2 I'm fi-OlH Australia.
3 I'lll25.
4 I'rn a cOlllputer progranuller.
5 I'ln Inarried.
6 My flVourite colours arc black
and \vhite.
7 I'm interested in Inachines.


'"


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1.5
2 Thev'rc/Thcvarc cold.
J ,
3 He's/He is hot.
4 He's/! Ie is afiaid.
S They're/Theyare hungry.
6 She's/She is angry


"


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1.6
2 1'111/ I am hungry. or
1'1'11 not / I al1"1 not hungry.
It's / It is \.varn1 today. or
It isn't / It's not \v.!rm today
I'm / I am afi-aid of dogs. or
I'n1 not / I anl not afr-aid of
dogs.


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....,
)
"- 4


...


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....


.5 M v hands are cold. Of
J
LViy hands aren't / are not
cold.
6 Call;Hla is .1 very big n.Hl1Jtry.
7 Di::llnonds aren'lt / are not
che.Lp.
H 1'111 / I al11. interested ill
football. or
I'n1 not / I a111 not interested
in football.
9 ROlne isn't / is not in Spain.



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2.1
2 F 6 E
3 H 7 B
4 C 8 I
5 A 9 D


2.2


3 Is your job interesting?
4 Arc tht
 shops open today?
5 Are you interested iu sport?
6 Is the post of lice near here-?
7 Are your children at schoo]?
8 Why are you late?


2.3
2 Where is
3 Ho\v old are
4 [Inv\T lllllCh arC'
5 Wh;lt is
(--, Who is
7 What colour are


2.4


2 Are you lllanied or single?
3 Are you funcricJn?
4 Hovv DIll are VOll?
J
5 Arc you a teacher?
6 Is your \:vife a lawyer?
7 Where-'s/Where is she horn?
8 What's/Wh..t is her n;uuc?
9 Ho\v old is she?


2.5
2 Yes. I allL or No, I'm not.
3 Y C's, it is. or
No, it isn't. / No, it's not.


4 Yes, thev arc. or
J
No, they aren't. / No, they're
not.
5 Yes, it is. or
No, it isn't. / No, it's not.
6 \' cs, I
mL or No, rln not.



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3.1


2 'slis \\faiting
3 'rc/,uT nlavino-
.L J b
4 H
's/He is lying
5 They're/'l'heyare having
(-) She's/She is sitting


3.2
2 's/is cooking
3 're/are standing
4 is swimming
5 're/are staying
6 's/is having
7 'rehire building
S 'n1/am going


3.3
3 She's/She i
 sitting on the Hoor.
4 She's not/She isn't reading.1
book.
=> She's not/She isn't playing the
piano.
6 She\/Shc is lauo'hin o '.
b D
7 She's/She is we
Lling a hat.
H She's not/She i
n'[ \:vntmg a
letter.


3.4


3 I'm sitting on a duiL or
I'm !lot sitting on a chair.
4 rIll eating. or rIB not eating.
:=> It's r.Lining. or
1t isn't raining_ ! It's not raining.
6 1'111 learning English.
7 I'lllli.stenillg to music. or
I'm not listenillg to lIIusic.
H T'lle sun is shining. or
The Still isn't shilling.
9 I'm ",rearing shoes. 0,-
I'm not \-vearing- shoes.
I () rln not reading a ne\.vspaper.


'-265]




KEY TO EXERCISES


''''''01 'j*-Y<l.




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4.1


2 An; you gnillg IlO\\.'?
j h it raining?
4 Arc YOll enjoying the 6hn?
5 is tl1clt clock \\lorkillg?
(, Arc VOll \\'ritillg a letter?
,



4.2
2 Where is she going?
3 What are YOll eating?
4 Why are you crying?
5 What are tbev lookin g at?
J L
(, Why is he laughing?


4.3
.3 Are you listening to 111e-?
4 Where arc your hie-nds going?

 Are YOllr parents watching
television? ,
6 WIl.lt is AIII1 cooking?
7 \Vhy arc youlookillg at lne?
R Is the bus coming?
L.


4.4
2 Yes, I anI. or No, I'Ill not.
3 Yes,] ;lIn. Of No, ['Ill not.
4 Yes, it is. Of
No, it iSH't. / No, it's llOt.
S Yes, I am. or No, rill not.
6 Yes, I .1111. or No, 1'111 not.



.'.
Jl
l,


5.1
2 thinks
3 Aies
4 d.;lllces


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5 has
6 finishes


5.2
2 live
3 She eats
4 They play


5 Thev 0"0
J b
() ]-Ie sleeps


5.3
2 open
3 doses
4 teaches
5 nIcet
() W <lsh es


7 costs
8 cost
l) boi Is
"1() like... likes


5.4
2 I of tell play basketball.
3 Margaret usually \vorks hard.
4 Jenny ahvays \\Tears nice clothes.


[2(}6J


5 We .1h\l<1YS have dinner at 7.30.
() Tim never \vatches television.
7 Children uSlIa1ly like chocolate.
8 Julia ah\'ays enjoys parties.


5.5


Example ansu.)ers:
2 I lIslla1Jy read in bed.
-' I often get up beft)re 7 o'clock.
4 I never go to \vork by bus.
S r llsually drink lvvo cups of
cotTet' ill the morning.


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 -

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6.1


2 Jane does]]'t play the piano vet)'
\.ve11.
3 They don't kllo\o\' my phone
nUlnber.
4 We don't \vOJ.k very hard.
J
5 He do(:'
n't have <1 batb every
day.
6 Y Oll don't do the same thing
evelY day.


'.


6.2
2 Carol does))'t like classical 1rll1sic.
1 like (or I Jon't like) cbssical
nlUSlc.
J Bill .md H."ose don't like boxing.
Carol likes boxing.
I like (or I don'tlike) boxing.
4 Bill and l-
ose like horror filins.
Carol doc,\II't like horror films.
I like (or I don't like) horror
fi hus.


6.3
2-5 }"OH (dH use:
I ]]ever... (go/ride de.) or
] otten... or
I don't... very onen.


6.4


') doesll't use
3 don't go
4 doesn't 'wear
5 don't kno\v
6 doC'sn't cost
7 d.on't see


6.5
.3 don't kno\v
4 doesn't talk
S drinks


6 don't helieve
7 like
8 doesn't cat


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7.1
2 1)0 you play tennis?
3 ] )oes Ann play tennis?
4 1)0 your fiiends live near here?
J
5 noes your hrother spedk
Eng]ish?


6 1)0 YOll do exercises every
1llolllil1g?
7 Does ['auI often go aW<lY?
8 1)0 you \vant to be t;unons?
9 ])oe5 Linda work hard?


7.2
3 Hl)\.V often do you \,,'atch TV?
4 What do you \V
Ult for dinner?
5 Do YOll like football?
6 Does your brother like
fc)otball?
7 \Vhat do VOll do in the
J
evenings?
8 Where does your sister \,vork?
9 no you often go to the cillema?
'I () What does this \vord nlC£1n?
1 t Does it often sno\v here?
12 Wh:ll time do yon usually go to
bed?
13 How l11llch dot's it cost to
phone Nc\.v Y {)}"k?
14 What do you usu;:tlly have for
breakt
lst?


7.3
2 1)0 YOll enjoy / Do you Jike
3 do vou <;t,1I1"
J
4 Do YOll work
5 do you go
6 does he do
7 does he te,lCh
R Does he enjoy / ] )oe::; he like


7.4
2 Yes, I do. or No, I don't.
3 Yes, I do. or No, r don't.
4 Yes, it does. or No, it doesn't.
5 Yes, I do. or No, ] don't.




""


"


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8.1
2 No, she iSlJ't.
Yes. s]Je docs.
She's playing the piano.
3 Yes, he docs.
Yes. he is.
I-Ie's ckaning <1 \viud()\v.
4 No, they aren't.
Yes, they do.
They teach.


"


'\


...


"


"


8.2
2 don '(
3 ar<:

4 doel.)
5 ' / " ..] ' t
_ S IS ... (lOll


6 do
7 does
8 doesn't


"


....


.....


8.3
4
5
()
7


"


. . .
IS smglng
She \vants
do you read
you're/you are sittIng

 I don't understand
9 1'111 !!oin o ' ... AI-e vou comiIH!:
L" 0 J L}
10 does yonr tIther
11 I'm not listelling
1.2 He's / He is cooking
..
13 doesn't usually driv<.
 .. _ usua]}y
,valks
14 doesn't like... She prefers


"


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.....


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9.1
2 he's got
3 they've' got
4
he lusn't got


5 it's got
() I haven't got


...


,


9.2
2 Have you got a passport? or
1)0 vou h;lve ...?
J
I-!as VOllr father IrOt a car? or
, b
Docs )'our tIther have...?
Has C<lrol got many fi-iends? or
Does Carol have...?
Have VOll got anv brother
 or
,J .....-' J
sisters? or Do you have...?
Ho\v lunch Bloney have \ve got?
or... do wt' have?
What kind of car has Julia got? or
... doesJu]ia have?


,
"

)
,
4
,
5
,
6
, 7
,


,


'.


,


9.3
2 Tina hasn't got a bicycJe. / Tina
doesn't have a bicyde.
I'vt' got a bicycle. / [ have a
bicycle. or I haven't got a
bicycle. / [ don't have a
bicvck.
J
3 Tina has got long hair. / Tina
has long hair.
I've got long hair. / I have long
hair. or I haven't got long
hair. / I don
t luve long hair.
4 Tina has got t\vo sisters and two
brothers. / Tina has t \vn....
(example t1HSl.vn) I've got two
brothers and one sister.


9.4
3 's got / has got
4 haven't got
:) 've got / have got
() luven't got
7 h;lSll't got


9.5
J have' got t"(Hlr wheels (or have
t"(HU" wheels)
4 's got / has got a lot of fiiends
(Of has a lot of rriends)
5 'vc- g ot / have got 'rl toothache.
"- "-
(or have a toothache)
6 hasn't got a key (or doesn't have
;} key)
7 has got six legs (Of Il.l
 si, legs)
8 haveI1't got much time (or don't
have llluch tit1le)


n'il' l1:t.tf


.,,4


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. ..... ,". .... .... "
."".
 .....;..... :'..:.:.
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10.1
2 Carol ,md Jl.ck \-\'cl-e at/ill the
cmellla.
3 Sue \vas at the station.
4 Mr and Mrs Hall \vert' in/at a
restaura1Jt.
:) Ben was 011 the beach / on a
heach / at the seaside.
(; (cxdlnplc ansflJ£'J) I \vas at work.


10.2
2 IS .. . \.vas () are
3 ;lT11 7 Was
4 \
....as 8 \"'as
5 \'-'ere 9 are . .. \-\'ere


KEY TO EXERCISES


10.3
2 \,vasn't... \vas
3 \vas _.. \,Vel-e
4 Were... \\';lS ... wasn't
5 \
'erl'
6 weren't... \\r(::re


10.4


2 Was YOW" exam dit1-lcult?
3 Where were Allu and Chris List
week?
4 I Io\v nluch \vas your nc\v
Ccll1lera?
5 \X/hy were you an
'l"}r ye
terday?
6 \Vas the weather nice last \,veek?


.of!II:...rglIb-1.p


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11.1
2 opened
3 started... finished
4 \\'anted
:) h.Lppt'llcd
6 rained
7 L'njoyed... stayed
H died


11.2


') S;l\'V
J played
4 paid
5 'vi si ted
6 bought
7 \,-'('nt


8 thought
Y copied
10 kne\\!'
11 put
12 spoke


11.3
2 ant
b
3 had
4 left
5 drove
G arrived
7 parked
8 \Vellt


<) had
10 \\'ent
11 \v<l.ited
12 departed
13 arrived
14 too k


11.4


2 lost her keys
3 Inet her friends
4 bought t\,vo newsp<lpers
5 \,vent to the CilleU1;}
6
ltC an orange
7 had a sho\ver
8 LIme (to see llS)


[267]




KEY TO EXERCISES


11.5


EY(ln11'/C ClIISrfJas:
2 r gl)t up late yesterday.
3 r 11""1l't sOllle tJ-icnds at hmchtiIlll'.
4 1 played tennis.
5 1 wrote <1 letter.
() 1 lost mv kevs.
",' ...



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12.1
2 didn't \vork
3 didn't go


4 didn't have
S didlJ't do


12.2
2 I )id you er
joy the party?
3 Did you havc a good ho1iday?
4 Did vou finish \\I'ork early?
5 I )id
'01l sleep wel] last night?


12.3
2 [gut IIp hefore 7 o' dock. or
I didn't get up bef()lT 7 o'clock.
3 I had a shower. or
I didn't hJve a sho\ver.
4 I bought a lll.lgazine. Of
I didn't buy a Inagazine.
5 I ate nleat. or
I didn't e,lt meal.
6 I \vent to bed before 10.30. Of
T didn't go to hed hefi)J'e 10.30.


12.4


2 did you <lJTive
J Did YOll v,rill
4 did vou \)0
, b
5 did it cost
6 Did you go to bed late
7 Did vou have a lIice lime
8 did i
 happen / did th<1t happen


12.5
2. bought
j Did it rain
4 didn't stay


:=> opelled
() didn't have
7 did you do


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'

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13.1
2 Carol and Jack \vert
 at/in the
cinema. They \vere \.vatchiug a
film.
3 TOlll was in his car. J-Ie v
ras
driviug.


1268J


4 C.1thel;ne \-vas at the stalion. She
\vas \V <liting fi1r a train.
5 Mr and Mrs HaD \verc in the
park. Thcy \""ere walki ng.
6 I "vas in a C<lft>. I \\'<15 having a
drink \vith some fiieIJds.


13.2
2 she \,vas swimming /she was
having a S"\Villl.
J she \v<as reading a/the
ne\vspapcr.
4 she was cooking (lunch).
5 she \'1."<lS ll.1ving hreak£\st.
() she \vas listening to nllisic/...
listenillg to the radio.


13.3
2
3
4
5


Whal \,,,,Iere V011 doilJg
. '-
Was it raining
Why was Ann driving so t;lst
\-Vas Tilll wealing a suit
<.


13.4
2 J-Ic \vas carl) r ing a bag.
:1 He "vasn't going to the dentist.
4 He \-vas eating an ice-crealn.
S He w<15n't carrying an 1I11lbreIIa.
6 Lie \,V<1SII't going home.
7 He "vas \\-Taring a hat.
R He vI/.asn't riding a bicycle.


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14.1
I happened... \,vas painting... fell
2 <trrivcd... got... \vere \.\"',liting
3 \
laS \
,'alking ... met... was
going... \vas carrying... stopped


14.2
2 was studying
3 did the post arrive ... CHile ...
\
/as havillg
4 didn't 0'0
b
5 were yon driving. .. stopped.
... \vasn't ct.;ving
6 Did your team \vin ... didn't
play
7 did you break the \\rindo\v ...
\\.rere playing... kicked.:. hit
8 Did YOll see... W.LS \,veanng
9 \ven.> YOll doing
10 losl... did you get ... clunbed


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15.1
2 She h<as dosed the door.
3 ThC'y have gOlH:: to bed.
4 It has stopped railling.
J I-Ie has Iud a bath.
(1 The pictun:
 has t.llkn down.


15.2
2 've bought / l1.lve bought
3 's gone / hJS gone
4 J lave you seen
5 h.I'I broken
6 've told / have told
7 has taken
R h;ls she gone
9 'v
 forgotten / have forgottell
10 's invited / has invited
11 H;1ve 1'011 decided
12 havc)]'t seen


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16.1


2 He's/He Ius just got up.
3 They've/They have just
bought a Coil'.
4 Thc"race has just started.


16.2
') they've/they have alrt'ady seen
it.
3 I've/T have already phollt'd
him.
4 He's/He has already gout'
(aw;'lY).
S J'Vl'/r have ah-eady read it.
() She's/She has already stH-ted
(it) .
16.3
2 The bus Ius just gone.
.3 The bus hasn't gone yet.
4 He hasn't opened it yel.
5 They've/They h<rve juSt
I1lli')hed their dinner.
6 It hasn't stopped raining yet.


16.4


2 I-lave vou lIIet vour nl'\V
, ,
neighbonrs vet?
3 I b
e yon \\'
I;ttt'n the letter yet::>
4 J-Ias he/Tom '\old his c.ar yet?





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17.1
3 Have you ever been to l\ustraliJ.?
4 I lave you ever lost your
P,Lssport?
5 Have YOLI ever flo\\'n ill a
helicopter?
6 I lave vou ever eaten Chinese
J
fi)( H..P
7 [lave you ever beell to N e\v
York?
8 I lave you ever drivcll a bus?
9 Have YOll evcr broken your leg?


17.2


Helen:
2 Helen has never heen to
Australi.!.
3 Helen/She has eaten Chinese
[ood a t(
\\l ti III es..
4 HdeldShe ha
 never driven a
bus.
1"011 (e:nllllp/e aHsjjJ{'n):
5 I've / I have never beell to
Ne\v York.
() rve / I have pIa-yed tennis
l11any tinH.
s.
7 rve I I have never t-{(n,vll in a
helicopter.
S I've / I have 11l;en latc for work
.1 few titllCS.


17.3


2-()
She has done ,. lot of il1tere
ting
things.
She has travelled aU over the
\\!orld. or She has been all over
the \.vorld.
She ha
 heen lllarricd three
tllnes.
She h.1S \.vritten ten books.
She h.l
 Illet a lot of interesting
people.


17.4


2 gone
3 been ... bC'en
4 been
5
6
7
8


crone
t">
been
been


gone


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18.1
3 have been
/1 has beell
J h;l\re lived / have becn living
6 has \\'orkcd / has bt'"en working
7 h.1S had
8 have bcen le:lrning


18.2
2 I lov
' long have they beell there
/ ill Brazil?
3 I low long have YOll kno\,vl1 her?
4 HO\\l long l1;l
 she beell learning
I ta]ian?
J I lo\v long Ius he livc>d in
Can,Lda? / Ho\v long has he
be-cnliving ...?
6 I--h.n:v lone: have vou been a
. , J
teacher?
7 I lov
T long has it been rainiug?


18.3
2 She h,ls lived ill Wales all her life.
J They have bcen on holiday since
Sunday.
4 The sun has hecn shining all day.
S Shc has becn \vaiting for tt'11
ll11l111tes.
6 He h:l
 had a beard since he \vas
20.


18.4


2 know
3 have knov'.-'Il
4 havc YOll been
5 works
6 has been
7 have you lived
B I've had
9 is ... h .IS been


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19.1
3 for
4 SI11 ce
5 since


6 f()r
7 for
8 tCJr... ,,.il1ce


19.2



-'.xamp/f answers:
2 A year ,lg0.
3 A few days ago.
4 Two hours ago.
5 Six mOllths ago.


KEY TO EXERCISES


19.3
J for 20 yean
4 2U v(',us ago
, ....
-
J tell 1IlI1111tes ago
G an hour ago
7 for six months
H (('-)l';l long lime
S) a fc\\.' days :lgo


19.4
2 beL.I1 here since '"fuesdav.
J
3 raillillg t()r all hour.
4 kno\,vn Slll" for two years.
:=; had llIV /,1 cunera sillce 19HY
J - .
() be-en Inarried for six months.
7 been studying medicine (.It
university) f
)I- three years.
8 played / been playing the
piano siuce he \\!as seven ye.lrs
old.


19.5


[i,\'C1mp/c anSlPct
":
1 I've lived ill .... aJ] InV lite.
J
2 I've' been in the
ame job f<.)r ten
years.
J I've been le;lruillg ElIglish for six
Il10n ths.
4 I've blO\\/11 CllIis for a long
timc.
5 I've' had a headache since r got
up this mOI1.Jing.


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20.1
2 1 started (it) last \veek.
J they arrived at 5 oJ dock.
4 she went (a\\'a1') on Friday.
:=> I wore them yesterday.


20.2
3 WRONG - 1 fini-;hed
4 R.r(;HT
:=> WR()N(; - did YOli fini
h
b R..IGHT
7 WR()N(; - JiIll'S b'T;UH.irnot1aer
died
H WR(JNG - Where \overe you


20.3
3 played
4 did you go
5 Have you ever met
6 v..,ra
ll' t
7 'vc/have jll
t washed


[269J




KEY TO EXERCISES


H \vashcd
<) 's/has visited
10 hasn't come


20.4
1 Did vou have
,


t:,


\,vas
:2 I lave VOll seen
,
\vent
h;1 Vt'Il' t
ecn
3 has \",forked / has been \,vorking
\'\.':lS
\-\.forked
didn't enjoyl
4 've/have secn
'vt'/h;rve never spoken
Have you t'VL:1" spoken
111 et




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: i


21.1
3 Gbss is nlade ti-Olll sand.
4 St<HlJpS are ...old in a post office.
5 This room isn't lIsed vcry
otten.
() Are \,ve allo\.ved to park here?
7 Ilo,
' is this word pronounced?
9 The house \.vas p,lil1ted last
month.
1 U Three people were jlljured in
thc ;1ccideIlt.
11 I\Ily bicycle \vas stolen a fe\,v
days ago.
12 When \
'as this l-nidge huilt?
13 Were YOLI invited to the party
last week?
t 4 Ilow \VCIT these \.vindo\vs
brokel1?
"1 S [\\.'asn 't \\/oken up by the
nOIse.


21.2
2 f-ootba]] is played in IllOSt ...
3 Why was the letter sent to ...?
.:1 ... \\,hen'" cns are repaired.
5 Where were YOll born?
(, How many LlI1guages are
spoken ...
7 ... but nothing was stolen.
8 When was the bicvde
,
invented?


21.3
3 is made
4 \\lCIT dJlllaged


l270]


-
J \vas given
() arc sho\,\'n
7 \ven' invited
H \vas In:lde
9 was stolen. .. was found


21.4
2 S<llly \vas born in Bi nningharll.
3 Her parent"- \
'Cre born in
[rcla nd.
l1 r \\'<IS born in ...
5 Mv molher was borll in ...
.


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22.1
2 A bridge is being built.
3 The wiud(n\.'s <Ire being cleaned.
4 'I'he grass is bcillg cut.


22.2
.) rhe \,\!indow has been hn)ken.
4 The roofis being repaired.
5 The car has been dam.lged.
G The hOl1ses are being knocked
dowl1.
7 The trees have becn cut dowlI.
H Thev have been invited to a
,
patty.


22.3
3 has been repaired
4 \
'as repaired
5 are made
6 \,\iel-e they built.
7 Is the computer being lIsed (or
Is auybody using the cmuputer)
8 are thev called
,
Y \vere bhnvII
10 \\I<.1S danuged ... hasl1't heel)
repaired


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23.1
3 .Ire 7 do
4 Does 8 Is
5 no <) dol'')
6 Is 10 Are


23.2
2 dOIl'l
3 'nl/alll 1lot
--1- isn't
5 don't


6 doesl1't
7 'In/am not
S aren't


23.3
2 Did 7 \'vcre
J \.vcre 8 lIas
4 \vas t) did
- Has 10 luvt'
J
6 did
23..4
2 \V.IS () 've/have
3 lia \le 7 IS
"1 an' 8 \vas
5 \,verc Y ] I,IS
23.5
3 l
<1ten K uuderst.<llld
<.
4 enJoymg I) listening
,.. dalll ;1ged 10 pronoLJnc
d
J
() use 11 open
7 gOlle aw.IY


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".:


24.1
3 gor
4 brought
5 p;lid
() l'njoycd
7 bought
8 sat
') kft


I () luppened
J I heard
] 2 pnt
13 caught
14 \-va tclH:d
1 S understuod


24.2
2 beg:ln begull
3 ,Ite eaten
4 drank drullk
J drove driven
(, ran 11..111
7 spoke spokcn
8 \vrote wntten
9 carne (DIne
10 kl1e\,v kno\vn
11 took lakell
12 Wt'llt gone
13 gave brJ vel I
14 tbn
w thrown
15 forgot fiH-
ottcn
.


24.3
3 slept
4 sa \\,'
5 rained
() lost... seen
7 stolen
X wClll
<) finished
to built




"


"


11 learnt/learned
12 Jidden
1 J kno\vn
14 i(JI ... hurt


"


\


24.4
2 told 8 spokeu
3 \.\"on 9 cost
4 InN 10 dl;vctl
5 \voken lip L 1 sold
6
\\!
lIn 12 fl e \\l
7 thought


,


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25.1
2 He l1!\ed to play football.
3 She lIsed to be ,1 taxi Jl;ver.
4 They used to Ii Vl' in the country.
J He us.ed to wear glasses.
6 Thi
 building llsed to he a hotel.


\


\


25.2
2-6
She used to play volleyball.
She used to go out lilo
t
evenings. / She used to go out
in the even illhrs.
She used to play the guitar.
She used to read ,t lot. / She lIsed
to like reading.
She used to go <l\V,1V t\.vo or
three tin)
s a yca
', / She used
to travel a Jot.


,


25.3
3 used to have
4 l1
ed to be
5 go
6 used to cat
7 v
!atches
8 used. to live
9 get
10 did you lIse to play


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26.1


2 Richard is going to the Cinellla.
3 Barbar.1 is Illeeting Dave.
4 I )enise i
 having lunch with
Ken.
5 T o III and Sue arc going to J.
party.


26.2
2 Are you \\lorking next \\leek?
3 What are you doing tOll1onuw
evenillg?
4 What timt' ,Ire yonr fiiends
anivil1g?
S When is Liz going on holiday?


26.3


RXatnp/f atL,WCt

:
3 1'111 O'oin g ' ,l\vav at the \\'eekelld.
tJ '- "
4 I'm playing baskelball tonlOlTO\
'.
5 rln tneetin g a frit"1H! this evening.
, .....
6 I'm going to the cincma on
'l'hursc1ayevening.


26.4
3 She's getting
4 are going... are they going
S fiuishes
() I' 1l11lO( n'oin 0'
o b
7 I'm going... We're ]Ilecting
8 are vou \J'ertin\J' . .. le.1Ves
J D 0
(j does the film begin
10 are YOli doing. " r nl \'lorking


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...


27.1
2 1'111 going (0 buy .t ne\vspaper.
3 We're going to phy football.
4 J 'In going to bave .1 bath.


27.2


3 '111/;1111 going to \valk
4 's/is going to stay
.5 ']11/ am going to cat
f. ) 're/arc O'oin g to lTive
U b.. h
7 's/is going to lie dO\VIl
8 Are YOli going to \\ratch
<) is Rachel going to do


27.3
2 "1 'he shelf is going to f
dl (dOV..rll).
3 Tht" Clr is going to tllrn (left).
4 He's/He is going to kick the
ball.


27.4


, J]xamp/c an.';U)('t:\':
I rIll going to phone Ann this
eve lung.
2 I'm going to get lip early
lOlllOrrO\V.
3 1'111 going to buy SOllie nev..!
clothes ton H >rro\\'.


KEY TO EXERCISES


AS ' " j\';' '." .... ..,....... ..., " . ...... . '"

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28.1
2 she'll be 5 she's
J
he \,!,r:1S 6 she \\lJS
4 she'11 be 7 she'll be


28.2



'x(lInplc aIISI-t}l'f5:
2 I'll be ,It hOll1e.
J I'n probably be in hed.
4 I'll be at \vork.
S I don't know' where I'll he.


28.3
2 'll/\vill 5 'll/\vill
3 \'\lon't 6 'Iii \vi II
4 . 7 \'V01J't
\\-'{) I t t


28.4
3 I think \.ve'l] \.\!in the game.
4 J don't think ['11 be here
tom OlTO\\'".
J I think Sue "viII like her present.
() 1 don't think they'll get 11lalTied.
7 J don't think you'li enjoy the
filnl.


28.5
2 ,1I"e VOll doing
"" .....
J The,r're lToi]]tT
,,'t


4 she'll lend
:1 J'1l1 going
(i \vill phone
7 I-Ie's working
8 Will



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 -. .

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29.1
') I'll send 5 I ']] do
J I'll cat 6 I'll stay
4 I'll sit 7 I'll sho,"v


29.2
2 J think I'll have
3 ] don't think I'IJ play
4 I dOIl't think rtl buy


29.3
2 I'll do
3 I \\'atch
4 I'll go
5 is going to buy
6 I'll give
7 ATe you doil]g ".. rUl going


[271.]




KEY TO EXERCISES


29.4
2 ShaH I tulll of1
the television?
3 Shall r nuke som,e sand\viches?
4 stulll turn on the light?


29.5
") where shan \ve go?
3 what shaH \\lC buy?
4 who sll.lll we invite?


:

r

fj
 _-'>o"'
,w "'
". - _d

 U6,""
. " , u..
.
.. Li

_
"''''''' «
-"'>a!";\"
Ii
4'F;


30.1


2 I might !>ee you tomorro\,v.
3 Ann rnight ttH-get to phone.
4 It might !>no\V today.
5 lluight bc late tonight.
() Mary might not be here.
7 [might not havt' time to 1l}eet
YOIi.


30.2


2 ] Inio'ht 0'0 ;nva\T.
::> b J
3 I might see her 011 I\Ilonday.
4 I Illight havc fish.
J I might getltake a taxi. or ... go
by t
lxi.
6 I Ilu g .ht buv a ne\v car.
"- ,


30.3
3 He mioht <rct lI I ) early.
::-> b J
4 He isn't I I-£e's not working
tOl1lorro"\v.
5 J Ie luight be at honle ton101TOW
"-
mOrnllJg.
6 I Ie might \\7atch telcvisioIl.
7 He's going out in the
,ft<.'rnoon.
8 I Ie Illight go !>hopping.


30.4


Example l1U5l,/'Crs:
1 I might read a Il<:-\,vspaper.
2 I luight go for a drink with sonIC
fi;ends.
3 I nlight have an egg for
breakt1st.


UJl!t;;£::':::::

:
' :::_:.'.
:


 J-


31.1
2 Can you ski?
.3 Can you play chess?
4 Can you run tell kilOllletres?
5 Can you ch;ve?
6 Can vall ride a horse?
,


[272]


7 1 call/can't SV\iillL

 I can/can't ski.
9 1 can/can't play chess.
] 0 I canl C<1U't run ten kilolllctres.
1 L I canl call't drive.
12 r canl can't ride a hone.


31.2


2 can sc-c
3 can't hear


4 can't find
5 can spcal....


31.3


2 couldll't <:>at
3 can't decide
4 couldn'r find
5 can't go
6 conkin't 0'0
b


31.4
2 CanlCould YOll pass the 1.).1It,
(plt'<ise) ?
J Can/CoulJ you turn otf the
radio, (please)?
4 Can/Could I have tOl11ato soup,
(plca!>c)?
5 Can/Could you give nle your
phone I1l11 Jlher, (please)?
6 Can/Could I borrow your pen,
(ple3se)? Of
Can/Could you lend me...?


.
. ilr
I
.
' ;f
'"'
:.
:,
',
,
,:
 '"":._...'
'. _'..

.
..:.



:
.


32.1


2 nlllst meet
.3 111 list \vash
4 UlllSt learll
5 lllUst go
() nlu!>t will
7 111USt b...:


32.2
2 I must 5 r h<ld to
" [ had to 6 1 haJ to
-)
4 I nlUst 7 I llUlst


32.3
2 needn't hurry
3 mustn't lose
4 needn't wait
5 nlu!>tn't {()rget
6 l1eedn't \\'Tite


32.4
2 C 4 E
3 A 5 13


32.5
3 needll't 7 Blust
4 had to S had to
... must <) needn't
.)
6 l11ustn't



 rfI
 TI;
'. , ... -,- .... .
'
".< .',.

..........-.g.
"O'
"*"W"-'<!P'-.... . .,.....w.«-::

:::::H..."C...o!!bc'-...'9I!:....
n.


33.1
2 Y Ol1 should go
3 Y 011
llOl1ld clean
4 you should visit
J \lOll should \vear
,
6 You should ta ke


33.2


2 I [c shouldn't t'<it so IllllCh.
3 She <;houldn't work so hard.
4 He o,;hollidn't drive so f.1st.


33.3
2 1)0 yon think] should le.1n1 (to
drive) ?
3 1)0 )lOli think I should get
another job?
4 Do VOll think I should invitt'
. ,
C;ary (to the p.1rty)?


33.4
3 I think you o,;honld sd] it.
4 r think she should have a
holidav.
,
5 I don't think thcy should get
Hurried.
6 r don't think you should go to
VilO r J....
7 I think he should go to the
doctor.

 r don't think \ve should stay
there.


33.5


Examplc mlSHJ('rs:
2 I think t'v<.'J)'body should have
enough food.
3 I think people should drive
carefully.
4 J don't think the police should
carry b'1I11S.
J I think I should do 11101T
exerCIse.




!I>..
'.
'' r ' -.. ... .-w *".,..,Y.
 _ '\ A" f(-T:-:-.. . N w..: '3' .. :i:Ib-:t oC
 : ," -b .t ......
 :It ;-.0::::  .c:  {.:"'=:''::->,"::r.:.::».:p»::: -,;,,:.u""";:::' ::" '.: .>. .'......::..o:....::-.'..(::.:.....:.":fE
"
34.1
2. have (0 do
3 h.1s to read
4 have to speak
5 has to travel
"
34.2
2 have to go
3 Iud to buy
4 have to change
5 llcld to :lIlSWer
,
34.3
2. did he have to \\-"ait
3 does she Il.lve to go
4 did you have to pay
5 do you havl to do
,
34.4
"
') doen't have to wail.
:) didn't have to get up early.
4 doesn't have to \vork (so) hard.
.::> don't have to leave 110\V.
34.5
3 have to pay
4 had to borf()\:v
.::> nlUst stop or have to stop
() has to meet
7 Inut teH or have tl> ten
34.6
2 r have to 11"0 to vIlork everv
b J
day.
3 1 h,ave to \o\"rite a letter
to 1110 rn.1\\l.
4 1 had to go to the del1tit
yesterday.
 . , .'.. «..0C.". N .'W<,'.. -«" '.''''- " ',.. l'
'L;;"'« i..,,'I.., 4, ,.,..,.'W'_<lSE'iO"',"'..'<'.,<.. ".' - ... . ," ,......}'
35.1
2. Would yon like an apple?
3 Would you like SOlne coffee? /
... a cup of coffee?
4 Would you ljke S0l11e cbeese? /
... :l piece of cheee?
:> Would you like a sand\vich?
G Would you like SOlne c:lke? /
... a piece of cake?
35.2
2 Would you like to play tennis
tomorro"\v?
3 Would you like to see lIlY
holiday photohrraphs?
<1 Would you like to go to a
concert next week?
5 Would you like to borro\\' my
LlInbrella?
35.3
2 Do YOll like
3 Would you like
4 \,vould YOll like
5 Would you Jike
6 I like
7 \vould you like
S Would you like
9 Do you like
10 I'd like
r! 1.'\n Jii',' ,N,»,:,> :,'='.:::<:: :::
36.1
3 There's / There is a hospital.
4 There isn't a s\:vinuning poo I.
5 There are t\,vo cillelna.
6 There in't a university.
7 There aren't .HIY big hotels.
36.2
]]x.'(/lnple allSWCl:r;;:
3 l'here is a university in ...
4 Therc are a lot of big shops.
5 There ill't an airport.
6 'There aren't luany £.1ctories.
3&.3
2 There's / There is
3 is there
4 There are
S arc there
6 there isn't
7 Is there
8 Are there
9 There's / There is ... There
aren't
36.4
2-6
There art' nine planets in the
solar syste1l1.
There are fifteen players in a
rugby teanl.
There arc twenty-six letters in
tht' English alphabet.
There are thirty days in
Septclnber.
There are fifty states in the USA.
KEY TO EXERCISES
36.5
2 It's
3 There's
4 There's... [ it
5 Is there ... there's
6 rt's
7 Is there
--t--.;:::£ ....-1:s -:l--__.:-A...-:'"''":;.--a..-"-j'-_£4i:.:iit-.aa.....Oa._.,;.--«-:''C-N.
i'. I",.
......OCt -..01' ,.....M  :8«";qIIJ. J!IP' "'ij!:- jl' N  JQA:.o1'.. J!lP'1IP' :ft:I:-» ,; :IW--:- N
37.1
2 There \vas a carpet
3 There \,vere three pictures
4 There was a sma)] table
5 There were SOUle flo\,ven
6 There were SOllle books
7 There \vas an annchair
8 There \\o'clS ,I sota
37.2
3 Th ere \,vas
4 Was there
5 there \Verell't
6 '1 'here wasn't
7 Were there
8 There \I'/<1S11'(
9 There \vas
10 there \\lerell't
37.3
2 Th ere :lre
3 Thert "vas
4 There's /Ther(' is
5 There's been / There has
been
6 there was
7 there \,...!ill be
8 there wert" ... there are
y '1 'here have been
10 there \rill be (or tblTe are)
.:. '.' ., ......... ........ ' ...... .. . ..: . . ... . . . .
'*S,,:, :::, '.',. "'!:"', '';':--'.,u 
"'-
:{;
..1
38.1
2 Jt's cold.
3 It's windy.
4 It's sunllv/fine.
J
or It's .1 nice day.
5 It's snowing.
6 It's cloudy.
38.2
2 It's / It is
3 Is it
4 is it... it's / it is
5 It's / It is
6 Is it
7 IS It
8 It's / I t is
9 It's/It is
[273]

KEY TO EXERCISES
38.3
2 H()\'v 6.. is it £i'olll the hotd to
the beach?
3 Hovv 6r is it £i-DIll Nt'\V York to
\V ashingt011 ?
4 Ho\v 61' is it fi-olll VallI' house to
,
[he ai1V<..Ht?
38.4
3 It
4 There
5 It
6 it
7 Thcre
8 h
38.5
2 It's uice to see you again.
3 It's ilnpossible to \\Tork in this
oft1ce.
4 It's. easy to Blakc friends.
5 It's interes6ng to visit different
places.
6 It\ dangerous to go out alone
::Q .:1  :, ',:,.',,:.::::(.<':.' :::::;
39.1
2 IS
3 em
4 has
J \\lill
6 \\"as.
39.2
2 'm not
3 \\fcren't
4 haven't
5 isn't
6 hasn't
39.3
3 -doesn't
4 do
5 did
6 does
7 don't
8 didn't
39.4
l-:.'Xt11Up/C anSllJcrs:
2 I like sport but my sister doesn't.
3 I don't eat me,lt butJcnny does.
4 1'111 Arncrican but I11V husband
,
iSll't.
5 I 11.lven't been to Japan but
Jenny has..
39.5
2 \vasn ' t 7 has
3 are R do
4 has 9 han't
J can't 10 \vill
() did 11 might
1 2 741
39.6
2 Yes, I have. or No, I haven't.
3 Yes, I do. or No. I don't.
4 Yes, it is. or No, it iSl1't.
5 Yes, I am. or No, I'nl110L.
() Y<:'s,Ido. or No,] don't.
7 Yes, I will. or No, I \'I..'on't.
8 y e, J have. or No. I haven't.
9 Yes, I did. Of No, I didn't.
10 Yes, I \vas. or No, I \'I....asn.t.
mJ  'I ... J' M"N"' ];"{''''''O-. , .;.. , :
 . l_ll\ 1..:..  .. ,  "  , <, , ;  , .. .  , .,:, . ".::"'.' , ,
. '0'""""" .'. '."".".". .;,:..  .,' ';'W...\.:-:..:........::.J"':::r.;'
40.1
2 1)0 you?
3 Didll'tyOU?
4- Doesn't she?
5 Do I?
6 Did she?
40.2
3 I-lave von? H Aren't you?
,
4 Can't she? 9 ])id yon?
J Were you? 10 I )oes she?
6 Didn't you? J 1 Won't you?
7 Is rhere? 1 Isn't it?
40.3'
2
3
4
5
()
7
aren't they
\,vasn't she
haven't you
don't you
doesn't he
,
vvon t you
40.4
2
3
4
5
6 didn't she
7 was It
R doesn't she
') \vill von
,
31T YOU
,
isn't she
can't you
do yotl
. !IT "'....4>"".... ", ''''.<1''_'' ..., ,,, .. ..". ...... ,..
__ ''Vi - .:ooo'""W ":PJ. ...-:-.  x."":..=:-::-: :.: ---= . .  _,
*" ... :.: ;¥... .;....:.:.;::::.:.; f.;:;YooO- '::::-..."1::. 'C':.::;:..X::-«.:........\.-rt. :_
41.1
2 either
3 too
4 too
5 either
() either
7 too
41.2
2 So anI I.
3 So have 1.
4 So do I.
S So will I.
6 So "\V.lS I.
7 Neither C;111 I.
8 Neither did I.
<.) Neither have I.
10 Neither am r.
1.1. Neither do l.
41.3
J So am l.
2 So call I. or 1 call' t.
3 Neither am I. or I :1111.
4- So do I. or 1 cl(m't.
J Neither do I. or I do.
() So did I. c'r I didn't.
7 Neithc.."T have l. or I have.
H Neither do J. (Jr I do.
9 So anI I. or rIll not.
10 Neither have I. or 1 have.
11 Neither did I. or I did.
12 So do I. or I don't.
I:' i1"i<',".. ::',:,. ::;."';:::'»";'=
42.1
2 They ;ren't / They're not
lnarried.
3 1 haven't had dinner.
4 It isn't cold todav.
,
5 \'\1 e won't he late.
6 You shouldn'r go.
42.2
2 I don't like cheese.
3 Thev didn't. lmders[;,llld.
4 He doesn't live here.
S Don'r [!O :1\-vav!
L' ,
6 I didn't do the shopping.
42.3
2 They haven °t arrived.
3 I didn't go to the bank:
4 He doesn't speak Gennau.
5 We weren't angry.
(-j He: \\TOll't be:' pleased..
7 Don't phone r11e tonight
8 It didn't rain yesterday.
9 I couldn't he.'lr them.
10 I don't believe you.
42.4
2 'rn not / am not
3 can't
4 do<.'sn't
5 isn't / 's not
6 don't... haven't
7 D01]'t -
8 didn't
9 haven't
10 \/Oll't
1 ,) didn't
12 \,ven.ll ' t

"
"
42.5
J He- \\.Iasn't born ill London.
4 He doesn't like Londoll.
5 IIe'd like to live in the country.
6 He can drive.
7 He 'hasn't got a car.
8 lIe dOtm't read llC\\TSpapers.
9 He isn"t interested in poEtics.
10 He \vatches TV Jll0st evenings.
11 I Ie didn't \latch TV last night.
....
'. 12 He \Ient out last night.
\
:..."ty.:: :.,:"", ..... .....: .......»..».M:::
  :O:--':M"$:':::-:::::- "-:"'''':. ... ':: ........ ":'d..:. .....::.::-.::::.: .:.:;: '-gr' of(:w' .-:....:-. .:.....
43.1
3 \Vere you late this morlJing?
4 H;1S Ann got <1 key?
5 Will YOll be here tOIllorro"\v?
6 Is Paul going out this evening?
7 1)0 you like yom- job?
8 Does Lincb. live near here?
9 I )id YOll enjoy your holiday?
10 Did yon have a sho\\.rlT this
J1Iorning?
43.2
2 1)0 you use it a lot?
3 Did you use it yestcrday?
4 Do you enjoy driving?
5 Ai-e Vall a e:oml (h;ver?
J ..'
6 Have you ever had .'1.11 accident?
43.3
3 'What .lre the children doing?
4 How' is cheese nude?
5 Is vour sister cOIning to the
J '-'
party?
6 Why don't you tell the truth?
7 Have YOllr guests .lrrived yet?
8 What time does your tr.lin
leave?
<.) Was your car damaged in the
accident?
10 Why didn't AnIl go to 'work?
43.4
3 What are you reading?
4 What titHe did she go (to bed)?
5 Whcll are they going?
6 Where did you nieet hinl?
7 Where has she gone?
 Why can't you COll1C (to the
party)?
9 How much do you need?
10 Why doesn't he like you?
1. ,) Ho\\.' ofteIl does it rain?
12 When did you do the
shopping?
. ,*  -'88'><i>4-i.;';'k#>""X"x"""" ....,....,.,.,.y,...><'
. I' _ It.' -to " "'. .,. ._- -, y.
'" "oCrt *:!Itft .": ;. ,d:"":& ,;",---==,::::»':'.m::tP' 0-':;: -::-'=-:::,:-'»:p:::."X''«''''': '«.",..' :.'
44.1
2 What fell ofT the shelf?
3 Who Vlants to see lue?
4 Who took your lllnbrella?
J
5 What Illadc you ill?
6 Who is/Who\> coming?
44.2
3 Who did you phone?
4 What happclled last night?
:) Who kno\\'s the alls\\.'er?
6 Who did the welshing-up?
7 What did Jill do?
8 What \voke you up?
') Who sa\.\, the accidcnt?
10 Who did yon see?
11 Who has got / Who's got
your pen?
12 What does this word Inean?
44.3
2 \Vho phoned you?
What did she \vant?
3 Who did YOli ask?
\Vhat did he say?
4 Who got married?
\Vho told you?
5 Who did you llleet?
\Vhat did shc tell yon?
6 Who \\o'011?
\Vhelt did you do (after the
game)?
7 Who gavc yon a book?
What did C.ltherine give you?
.. '" .  ... .J' Y . ... . J' Y J' ::.".. ':'" ..;. :':':.......":J'.: .."..-i:1
,Ii?: , t, ;  oil
 . -tC ." ::e.. J'J'o""":(; :-.-c:::.:::,P'-=:::---:::::.::'.}.::::::-:-:- -:-v--:;:::-"-:-x::-:-» ":-V-' w... w. .:-:.............:Itt
45.1
2 W'hat are you looking fiJr?
3 Who did you go to the cinelna
wi th ?
4 What/Who was the film about?
5 Who did you give the Inoney
to?
6 Who W.l$ the book \vritten by?
45.2
2 What are they looking at?
3 Who is he \vriting to?
KEY TO EXERCISES
4 What arc they talking about?
5 What is she li$tening to?
6 Which bus are they waiting for?
45.3
2 Which hotd did you stay at?
3 Which (t<)otball) team does he
play for?
4 Which school did you go to?
45.4
2 What is the tc)od like?
3 What arc the people like?
4 What is the weather like?
45.5
2 What v\fas the talnl like?
3 What werc the lessons like?
4 What v\ras the hotel like?
)£t%::::::.7;:.::: :: ::'::::J
46.1
3 What colour is it?
4 What time did YOll get up?
5 What type of rnusic do yon like?
6 What kind of CJr do you \\'ant
(to buy)?
46.2
2 Which coat
3 Which filtH
4 Which bus
46.3
3 Which
4 'What
5 Which
6 What
7 Which
R Who
9 What
1 () Which
11 'What
46.4
2 H 0 v\r (,11-
3 J-Iow old
4 How often
5 I-Jow deep
6 H O\,V long
46.5
2 Hov.. r heavy is thi$ box?
3 I-Io"\v old are you?
4 How much did you spend?
5 I low often do vou \vatch TV?
J
6 Ho"\v £11" is it ii-om P.lris to
MO$cow?
l275]

KEY TO EXERCISES
 '*' D:l -oO-..atbSt!lJ.¥*:Sfa1's8fa'"
; * ? t"' ',
 o!8E" o!IS.oOI.-:P;'t:...;.;;-:::;:..;.- yo ".y ......;.; -.;.........:. ..... .''''' ............ ........ .... ."'1'.' .....
47.1
2 How long does it take by elr
fi'om R.0111C to Ivlilan?
3 I low long does it take by train
fl-mH Pari to Geneva?
4 Ho\.v long docs it take by bus
fi'OIll the city centre to the
<lirvon?
47.2
Example l.ll1SHJCr5:
2 Jr takes... hours to fly fi'om ...
to Nevv York.
3 It t1kes '" years to study to be a
doctor in ...
4 It takes... to \\!alk (rorll IllV
,
home to the nearest shop.
S It takes... to get froll1 111Y home
to the nearest airport.
47.3
2 Ho\v long did it take you to
walk to the station?
3 Ho\-\-' long did it take him to
dean the \vindo\\Ts?
4 Ho\\.: lon g did it take VOll to
. ,
learn to ski?
5 J low long did it tak<. them to
repair the car?
47.4
2 It took us 20 1ninlltes to walk
home. / . _. t.o get h0111C.
3 It took 1ue six nl0nths to leanl to
drive.
4 It. took Mark/him t\vo hours to
drive to London. ,I ... to get to
London.
5 It took Linda a long tinw to find
ajob. ,I ... to get ajob.
(; I t took nIt'" ... to ...
ti ; : . .. 0:  i  ..-::::"<.»::y...-:".<   & ..a:e  w ":; "C .. ¥ y y ;:e
*A:.:. r'I _",=i- ::s:  $_
...:AI- :f/"'I!P',S':rs:. :sp".... «"» 0":-"' ...... ...."N .' ;:::..... ." . . .. .'
48.1
2 I don'L know \vhere she is.
3 I don't kno\\' ho\.v old it is.
4 I don't kno\\,.. \'hell he'll be here.
S 1 don't kno\\? \\?hy he \vas angry.
6 I don't kno\.-v how long she has
lived here.
[276]
48.2
2 where Susan works
3 what Pt'ter said
4 vvh).' he went home early
5 \vhat till1<' th<. filtn begins
6 hov.... the accident happened
48.3
2 are you
3 the)' are
4 the nUlseunl is
5 do YOU \val1t
,
6 elephants eat
48.4
2 1)0 you lalO\\l if/\vhether they
are lluITied?
3 Do you kno\v if/\vhether Sue
kno\vs Dill?
4 1)0 you kIlow ifh.vhetbt'"r
George \vill be here tOt II 0 no\\' ?
5 Do you knov'l if/v\rhether he
passed his ex..l111?
48.5
2 Do YOLl kno\,r "rhCIT Paula is?
3 1)0 yon kno\o\l if/whether she
is \vorkin g today? ,I ... she's
'- ,
\vorkin g todav?
... ,
4 Do you kI10W \-\-..Jut tinle sht'
st.arts \york?
S 1)0 YOll knovv" if/\vhether the
shops arc open tOlnorrovv?
6 ])0 VOll know \vhere Sar<Lh and
,
Tim live?
7 Do vou knov\o' ifh.vht'"ther thev
, . J
went to Ann's party?
48.6
Fxmnplc answer.';:
2 Do YOll know what time the bus
le<L ves?
3 Excuse me, CJIl vou leU me
,
\rhere the station is?
4 I don't know what I'rn goiHg to
do this evening.
S ))0 \lOll kno\.v ifT 0111 is \o\...orkin g
, 
today?
i J!.'t:; ," ' .', '.' ..:,' .     . :::: ::«:£
49.1
2 She said (that) she was very
busy.
3 SI(e said (that) sht" couldn't go
to the party.
4 He said (that) he had to go ouL
S I Ie said (that) he \vas learning
JZussian.
6 She said (th<lt) she didn't ted
very \vell.
7 They s<lid (that) they \vould be
hOI11c bte. / ... they'd be ...
 She said (that) she had just
come back fi-Olll hoJi(Lty. / ...
she'd j L1st COllIe back ...
I} Sht' said (that) she \vas going LO
buy a computer.
1 (I They said (that) they hadn't got
a key. / They said (that) they
didn't have a kev.
49.2
2 She said (that) she \vasn't
hUlIgry.
3 he said (that) he needed it.
4 sht' said (that) she didn't want to
go.
S She said (that) I could have it.
6 He said (that) he \vouJd scnd r11e
a postC:trd. / .. . he'd send...
7 Linda said (that) be had gone
h0111e. / ... he'd gone home.
R He said (tlut) he \:\,ranted to
vlatch TV.
9 She said (that) she '\vas going to
the cinelna.
49.3
3 said 7 said
4 told 8 told
5 tdl 9 tell
6 say 10 say
:';1 : ' ,  . ; , . , ) , > , t . : . L"'.: y. n. :'.'..OQj: 00".' o(jjI: 1'Y ..:....::t.......:::-::.:::'I: .j,," ;', -::;'.::.-:-. 'y
..... :.' ":," .....  .. . No .... ...,. :-»"-':". ..-"!I:!t"V"..jo.M*" o!IR:C-:Jt=:!!SP'
50.1
3 phone
4 phone Paul
5 to phone Paul
6 to phone Paul
7 phone Paul
 to phone Paul
9 phone Paul
10 phone PauJ

\
'.
,
50.2
3 (Tet
b
4 g{)mg
.. 5 watch
6 flvillu
_ b
7 listening
8 eat
9 \\'altIng
10 \.vear
1 t doing... st.rving
'- -.
"
50.3
, 4 to go 13 having
- 1 L1 to ll.lve
:J ram
" (-, to leave 15 hear
7 help 16 0'1]

8 s.tudying 17 listen i ng
"
9 to go 18 to rnakc
10 VvT,1[Jn u 19 ta kno\\!" ...
h
1 1 to stav tell
-
12 have 20 llse
'.
;; '11.'{ ..t;"<o""!"o ,"p>M >X''''''''h>'"''''' ,><>< .....t
oCI. ...:,!!!!:,,"W»Q "";';-;""" ........ '.. .'... .oQo.... :ra:;"-a- '-oO"-... y ........,.....-v.;........
"
51.1
3 to see
4 to S\/l1n
.:=; cleaning
G to go
7 Vls1tmg
8 gomg
<) to be
10 \'Valtmg
1 t to do
12 to speak
13 to a!>k
14 CI)'iI1g / to cry
15 to \\lork ... talking
'.
'.
51.2
3 reading
4 to see
5 to send
G v.,ralking
7 to loe
8 to help
9 to go
10 \\latching / to watch
1 ,) to "\vait
J 2 rauung
"
51.3
2 going/to go to UlUsel1111S.
3 'writing/to \\-'rite letters.
4 to go (there)
5 travelling by train
6 going to ... to cat at
51.4
.Exmnple ClIISII/e1'S:
] enjoy rooking.
2 I don't like driving.
3 If it's a nice day tonl0rrO\V, I'd
like to have a picnic by the lake.
4 When I'm 011 holiday, 11ike to
do very little.
5 J don't Inilld travellil1g alolle but
1 prefer to travel \:vith sOll1cbody.
6 I \vouldn't like to live in a big
CIty.
1 ;,-::... ;.ow,:.)'.".:"<"'x,..: :,0:,.,:::
 r.: :. ..''', J..-1; 0' t ,0. «<@ "'.,, ,,".<# *  -:J'''on
52.1
2 I want you to listen carefully.
3 [don't want you to be angry.
-4 1)0 you want me to "\\Tait for
you?
5 I don't want you to phone me
tonight.
6 I \rant YOll to meet S,lrah.
52.2
2 A \\lOm311 told me to tun} left
after the bridge.
3 1 advised hil11 to go to the
doctor.
4 She asked me to help her.
5 I told TOlll to COlllC back in ten
n11l111ts.
6 Paul let me use his phone..
7 T told her not to phone before 8
o'clock.
8 Ann's nlother ta.ught her to play
the piano.
52.3
2 to repeat
3 \Valt
4 to arnve
5 to get
6 go
7 borrow
S to tell
9 to make (or to get)
10 think
KEY TO EXERCISES
,;d
".a. ,. 1: :. :8JI. 
53.1
2-4
I \\lent to the cafe to 111eet a
friend.
I went to the post office to get
SOB1C stalllps.
I ,"vent to the uperll1clrket to buy
some u)od.
53.2
2 to read the ne\\!"spaper.
3 to open this door
4 to get some fi-esh air
5 to \Velke. him up
6 to see \vho it \,vas
53.3
Exarnple anSll'l'rS:
2 to talk to YOLI nO\\1.
3 to te11 her ,lblH1t the party.
4 to do some shopping.
5 to buv a car.
J
53.4
2 to 7 to
3 to  ta
4 for 9 for 
5 to 10 to ... f()r
6 for
53.5
2 h)r the film to hegin.
3 far it to arrive.
4 f(w you to teHlne.
,::,:,.:.:,:,:.;: ''::;:"'::':":':',: :o.o
54.1
3 to
4 to
5 - (no preposition)
6 for
7 ta
8 on ... to
9 for
10 on
1 'I to
12 - (no preposition)
13 on
14 for
15 on
12771

KEY TO EXERCISES
54.2
2 \vent fishing.
3 goes s\,v1Jnnllng
4 croinU'skiin o .
tJ b b
5 go shopping.
() \\'Tnt ) OO'Oln g
... btJ ....
54.3
2 to the bank
3 shopping
4 to sleep
5 hOJnc
6 skiing
7 riding
8 f(>r a walk
9 on holiday. .. to Porrugal
.' fr  :' r.  'W '0'. ... . <d 4¥  . , .,""''''' "f? t:!"':'" """1 
.... __<- I I t-::. . .
.00" '" '" ....... . .....:I'-*oftII::C....::........x-*<>.......:'"  -o.:'. ....«-:-"::....'..:o. &."",".qi'.. .:-... "'''':." '*..O:"...:wb.
55.1
2 get YOllr jacket
3 get.1 doctor
4 gel;} laxi
5 get the job
6 get ()Ille rnilJ...
7 get a ticket
8 gets a good s3lary
4 '
t
55.2
2 getting dark
3 gelling Ilurried
.1 getting ready
5 getting tHe
55.3
2 vet \,vet 6 get old
l':>
3 got lnarri<..xl 7 got better
4 get angry 8 get nervous
J ont lost
b
55.4
2 got to Bristol at 11.45.
3 I let!: the party at 11.15 and got
hOllle at midnight.
4 (h'xatul"e mlSr,IJ£":J I left honlC at
8.30 and got to the airport at :10
</ dock.
55.5
2 got off
3 got ont of
4 got 011
[278]
.... r '"   :. " :a;....K.'-: N .....:. ..... n.," ..... .... .. .'. ......:IIfo..: :i3r<:t';
.O!" $I/IS n
..1:10.:-- .-0-....,0; "'"'"--l. ".a. ',"""''w.-."""'......"" ... ... .. ........-...... ..... " ...,......
.....- . -. ............. .................. ....  ........ .-.-y;oy "'d!'oO" -0-".:....:: :.':".-"'".a...:";"'. '.:
56.1
2 do 7 done
3 make 8 lllake
4 H}<lde <) nuking
5 did 10 do
6 do 11 doing
56.2
2 'l'hey're/They :lre doing (their)
hOl1lt'\,vork.
3 He\/He is doing the
shopping. or J Ie is shopping.
4 She's/She is making <1 jacket.
5 They're/Theyare doing an
exam/ exalnination. (or...
taking au exalll.)
() She's/She is doing exercises.
7 She's/She is making a phone--
call. or She's/She is phoning
SOlllebodv.
I
H He's/He is nuking the/his
bed.
9 She's/She is doing the
washing-up. or She is \/ashing
up. / She is doing the dishes. /
She is \'\/3shing the dishes.
10 I le's/I Ie is making a
(shopping) list.
11 They're/They.1re making a
filtn.
12 He's/He is t3king a
photograph.
56.3
2 lllake 7 did
3 do 8 do
4 J (HI e 9 nuking
"-.
5 made 10 n}ade
(-, doing 1 1 I nake ... do
1 j J:"l A: .!{" .>,' ': ....': ...'': ': :=:=::
57.1
3 He hasn't got / He doen't have
4 George had
5 Have you got / no you have
6 \ve didn't have
7 She hasn't got / She doesn'r
have
8 Did you have
57.2
2. She's/She is having a Clip or
tea.
3 He's/He is having a rest.
4 They're/They are having a nice
tnne.
5 They're/They are having
dinner.
6 I le's/ He is h.lVil1g.1 bath.
57.3
2 H,lVt'.l nice/good journey!
3 Did you have ;L nice/good
\/eekend?
4 Did you have .l nicc/ good galne
(of n:nnis)?
5 I lave a ui{-e/ good 111<..al!
57.4
2 have SOlllelhillg; to eat
3 had a glass of water
4 ha,,"e a \valk
:) had all accident
6 have a look
 ;' :.:;..« :"-,",,".'X u..'& W .....ik:ssr _ :i
0&'.(1, I. * ' ,,_'__'. __ """"... .
:tI: W'-«-,,:-,' - - - _--::: - - -:f.@'...a; ;jj: "'..oa-
58.1
2 him
3 thcm
4 her
5 hint
6 thenl
7 her
58.2
2 I... thenl
3 he...her
4 they... us
5 \,ve... hinl
G she ... theln
7 they... me
8 ::;he... you
58.3
2 I like him.
3 T don't like it.
4 Do YOLl like it?
 I don't like her.
6 1)0 you like thenl?
58.4
2 him 7 thel)}
3 them 8 nll'
4 they y Iler
:) us 10 lIe... it
6 She
58.5
2 Can YOll give it to him,?
3 C.1ll you give thcm to her?
4 Call you give it to 111e?
5 Can you f,rive it to them?
6 Can you give thernlO LIS?

:'
"
....
":a:I"": y...,.; ':((:IJ..:rt  ........':.:. ...................A&:a:t"...."O"....
".. . \  -C:l:l=
- -Go - ':".._ ..:._-"'--;,:':a:...it&.qpQR!:a!j:..::F ::;-'.:." -.-. .::."
..
...
59.1
2 her hands
3 our h.mds
4 his hands
5 their hands
6 your hands
...
...
...
59.2
2 They live with their parcnts.
3 We live with our parcnt.
4 .I LIlia lives \\lith her parents.
5 llive \,vith illY parents.
6 John lives \\lith his parents.
7 Do you live \.\Iith your parents?
8 Most children live v..rith their
parents.
...
"
...
59.3
2 their
3 his
4 his
5 her
u their
7 her
8 their
,
..
.. 59.4
2 hjs 8 her
.. 3 Their 9 their
4 ollr 10 nlV
J
... her 11 Irs
J
.. 6 12
my His. .. his
7 your
...
59.5
, 2 IllV kev
J J
3 Her husband
... 4 your coat
5 their hOllle\Vork
6 his nanl<.'
..
7 Our house
..
..
BrrWAA .<.,. X'"
\. !::I-t"N'Y":(oQo --::::::.w.:o:-:...:...."«.......
....: x ..".a. .
... ,
60.1
"
2 IlUlle 6 yours
3 ours 7 nHne
.. 4 hers 8 his
5 th cirs
..
....
60.2
2 yours
3 mv ... Mine
J
4 Yours... IHine
5 her
6 Ivly... hers
..
'.
..
., .
7 their
H ()urs
60.3
3 ofhcrs
4 fl-i(:nd.s of Ours.
S fi-ielHl of rnine
6 fi-iend of his
7 fi-iends of yours
60.4
2 Whose call1era is this?
It's hers.
3 Whose glove arc these?
They're mine.
4 Whose hat is this?
I t's his.
S Whose Inoney is this?
It\ yours.
6 Whose books are these?
They're ours.
.il! J.:, it :i,.: .::,:: :':': .' ,, :: :,: ,:,: :'" ,}
61.1
2 Yes, I kno\\! her but 1 em't
r(-';)l1ember her nanle.
3 Yes, I kno\\' thcn1 but I can't
retllelnbcr their n.L1lles.
4 Yes, I kno\'\/ you but I can't
remclubcr your naU1C.
61.2
2 to stay \\rith hin1 at his hOllse
3 to stay 'with them at their house
4 to stay wilh me at lny house
S to stay v..rith her at her house
6 to stay \,vith you at YOLlr house?
61.3
2 1 gave her Iny address .md she
gave 111e hers.
3 He gave m.e his address and I
gave him mine.
4 We gave thein our address and
they o'ave us theirs.
.b
5 She gave hin1 her address and hc
gavc her his.
6 You g.lVe us your ;1ddress and \VC
g;1ve you ours.
7 'They gave you tht;ir ,lddres ;111<..1
you gave the-Ill yours.
61.4
2 them
3 him
4 our
5 youn
KEY TO EXERCISES
6 us
7 her
H their
9 nunc
: -iQ' ;,1 ir. !' - t; . -,. 'N':' " ..," ',: . , " ,AN .
!:-:
:
62.1
2 rnyse1f
3 herself
4 themselves
5 rnyseJf
6 himself
7 yourself
8 vourselves
J .
62.2
2 When I saw hiln, he was bv
hilllsclf .
3 Don't go oul hy yourself
.. J ,
4 I \vent to the cincina by tnysclf
5 My sister .liv(:s by herself .
6 Many people live by themselves.
62.3
2 They can't s.ee each other.
3 They often write to L'ach other.
4 They dOIl't kllo\,v each other.
S Thcy'rc / They are sitting next
to each other.
6 T'hey gave c3ch othcr presents/a
present.
62.4
3 each other
4 vourselves
J
5 llS
6 ourselves
7 each other
S each other
9 them
lO thelnsclvcs
..,:.1": RS" '8'%r..I:'@."'2'I>W<-'!HS.'!o'8l':=" $'6"11:-
!. ''. .. .... ";,". }.....;. ':'" . .":'.'''' .. x.......;.:h ";', :.... '..........: ,"; ....;.. .:...... -:-j....«. ,.:. .'::". ,r" ::.:." ..;,:...::
63.1
3 Mary is Brian's \/ife.
4 Jallles isJulia's brother.
5 James is Daniel's uncle.
6 Julia is Paul's \vife.
7 Mary is D.mie!'s grau(hnother.
H Julia isJallles's sister.
9 Paul is Julia's husband.
10 Paul is Daniel's [lther.
11. Daniel is j<.llues's nepht'\\!.
63.2
2 Andy's
3 I )avid's
4 Jane's
5 Diane's
6 Alice's.
63.3
3 OK
4 Bill's phone number
r27 9 1

KEY TO EXERCISES
J My brother's job
6 ()[(
7 OK
8 Paula\ tlVourite colour
9 your l1Iothcr's birthday
1 (I My }'.lrents' hOlls
J 1 ()K
12 OK
13 Silvi,l's party
14 ()K
'-ro.::r...:::t::::':'-'m?-..'" oGI.
:   :.L 2,;< ! 
'," ......... ",", .'?- ........... ..."N-....."=:-.:0""II::7)"W..IC..\C>O,.w-..o!IR: .ra::a::a:ra::a::a:Q8!II!!!!I
64.1
2 a
:1 a
4 an
-
J a
6 all
7 a
H an
<} an
64.2
2 .1 vegetable:
3 ;] game
4 a tool
J a 1l10l1lltalll
6 a planet
7 a fruit
v
o .1 nver
9 a flovvcr
I () .1 musical instnllnent
64.3
2 He's a shop assistant.
-' She's a photographer.
4 She's a taxi driver.
J He's el1l electrician.
6 She\ a nurse.
7 [-Ie's a privatc detective.
B 1'111 .:t!an ...
64.4
2-8
'1'0111 never wears a hat.
I can't ride a bicycle.
l\Il y brother is an ,.rtist.
Barbara works in a bookshop.
Aim \.'ants to le<lrn a forcion
b
language.
Jim lives in an old house.
Thi evening 1'111 gOilIg to
a party.
, . . .. ... '.. ,. '... *'. )j"'" .'
"I''1iI1! ;"f/... ...."' :>'..<"",", >...'.,-",.. "'-'"",0..",, ",,""... .. . 
?:.'¥:. .....t v ,.: 1-. '}'.,=.; --:::-:=:::-:::<=:'::=;-'V.,;::"o/:.P-,¥'..;.;.;:;.m _;;:. -::::: .::..""«... "'0" oOQ:C--W..)3lf'"-Wt" 
65.1
2 boats
3 WOlllell
4 cities
5 lllnbrdJas
1 2 80J
6 addresses
7 kllives
8 sand\\'jchcs
9 fJlllilies
10 feet
11 hoJida ys
12 pot,Ltoes
65.2
:2 teeth
3 people
4 children
::> fish
() leaves
65.3
3 ... 'Vvith (1 lot of beautiful trees.
4- ... \\lith t\VO 111en.
5 ()K
(; ... three children.
7 Most of my friends ,ue
studellts.
8 He put on his pyjanl.ls ...
9 ()J{
lO 1)0 you kllow 111<lny people...
11 I like your trousers. Where did
you get theu1.?
12 ... fuB of tourists.
11 () K
14 These scissors aren't...
65.4
2 are 7 Do
3 dOIl't 8 are
4 \v::llch Y theln
5 \ve n: 10 sotne
6 live
'i\" .... "i . ':..:::.... .......:-::...=:::::.:---.:.:-:x:::::-::::::-.:.:.:;:::':"..::::...:.;::;:.....:......:::.. :-:"'' . :..' : .--;-.
* ' I 'Ii t. I '
',<t L.,...,'. .. . -:",r''}i,:;: jV'ji:""""-;
66.1
.1 ;lJug
4 Inilk
5 toothpaste
6 a toothbrush
7 an egg
8 lllolley
9 a "vallet
10 sand
,) 1 a bucket
12 an envelope
66.2
3 ... a hat.
4 . b ?
; ... a JO .
5 ()K
G ... an apple ...
7 ... a pJrty ...
8 ... a wonderful thing.
9 ... an islalld.
I 0 ... a kev.
J
11 OK
L2 ... a good idea.
13 ... a car?
14 .. _ a cup of coffee?
15 OK
')6 _.. an Ulnbrella.
66.3
2 a piece of 'wood
3 a glass of water
4 a bar of chocolate
5 a cup of tt\'
() a piece of paper
7 a henvJ of soup
8 ;) loaf of bread
<) a jar ofholley
:1 J!:R' '" : .: ::':';'.;"::' ..'...'
. .. .... . .
.. +
67.1
2 1 bought;] nc\vspaper (or a
paper), some fkn:vers (or a bunch
of fhn,vers) and a pen.
3 I bought S01ue stalnps, some
postcards and SOIl1e bread (or a
loaf of bread).
4- J bought some toothpaste, s.OIlIe
soap (or a bar of soap) and .1
cOlnb.
67.2
2 Would you like some COatT?
(or... .1 cup of coHee?)
3 Would you like a biscuit?
4 Would you like some bread?
(or... a piece of bread? / a s.lice
ofbre.1d?)
5 Would vou like a chocolate?
J
(1 \Vould you likc smne chocolate?
(or... a piece of chocolate?)
67.3
2 Olne... sotnc
3 sonle
4 <k... onlC
5 an... some
6 ,1 ... a ... sonle
7 SOllIe
to; sonIC
9 SOlIle...,'
67.4
2 eyes
3 hair
4 illf1)l1nation
J chairs
6 furniturc
7 job
R lovely \o\:eather


..
"
lli .} ;r:':.,:':, :::'.::::':'"", "', ...
.:.:;::c %
.
. ......:.JV'
...
68.1
...
3 ,1
4 the
5 an
6 the... the
7 ;1 ... a
Q
c.' J...a
9 ... a student. .. a jourl]alit ...
a fl3t ncar the college. .. The
fl,l t 1 S ...
1.0 ... two children, a boy Jnd a
girl. The boy is seven years old
and the girl is three.'o. in a
f;tetory ... h,1sn't got a job...
...
"
"
..
,
68.2
"
2 the airport
3 a cup
4 a nICe pICture
5 the radio
6 the Hoor
..
..
"
68.3
2 ... send me a postcard.
3 What is the name of...
4 ... a vt'ry hig country.
5 What is the largest ...
6 ... the colour of the carpet.
7 ... a heu.bchc.
8 ... an old hOl1e near the station.
9 ... the l1allIC of the director of
the 6.lIn ...
......
...
...
 TI" ,  . L:';:::::.':':',':,:;;:::::::::
...
69.1
3 ... the second floor.
-4 ." t.he Inoon?
5 ... the best hotel in thi s tl)\.\rn?
6 ()K
7 ... the city centre.
8 ... the end of May.
9 ()l(
J 0 ... the first tinK' I Inet her.
11 ()l(
12 What's the higgest city in the
\vorld?
13 ()K
14 lVly dictionary is on the top
shelf on the right.
15 We live in the country about
fi vc Iniles fToln the nearest
village.
"
\
...
\
"
,
,
"
69.2
2 the same til1lC'
3 the saIne ,lge
4 the sanle colour
5 the sainc problern
69.3
2 the guitar
3 breakf3st
4 the radio
5 tdcviion/TV
6 the se,1
69.4
2 the name
3 The sky
4 television
:; the police
6 the capital
7 lunch
8 the Illiddle
:::: i I::;:' 7':n';:':':> :77:=:';
70.1
2 the cinema
3 hospital
4 the airport
5 home
6 pnsotl
70.2
3 school
4 the station
5 home
6 bed
7 the post oH)ce
70.3
2 the cinClna
3 go to bed
4 go to prison
5 go to the dentit
6 go to university/college
7 go to hospital/are taken to
hospital
70.4
3 the doctor
4 OK
5 ()K
6 OK
7 the bank
8 ()I{
9 ()K
10 the city centre
KEY TO EXERCISES
11 the station
12 ()K
13 OK
14 ()K
,1,5 the the,1tn
:  . .. "'.. "'...... .
..&U l i;:: ::,' ;:,  '<<<--:   $. %!
71.1
Example mlSl/Jet:<::
2 r don't like dogs.
J 1 don't m.ind 1l1USCU111S.
4 r love big cities.
5 I like hlsketball.
6 [love TV quiz shows.
7 [don't like loud music.
S [hate COInputcr ganlCS.
71.2
EXdmple tl11.su.Jers:
2 1'111 not interested in politics.
3 I'Tn interested in sport.
4 I don °t kno\'-' 111uch about art.
S I don't know anything about
astrOtlOlny.
G I kno\' .1 little about eCOl]()lnic.
71.3
3 friends
4 parties
5 The shops
6 the Inilk
7 Jllilk
8 football
<) computers
10 The water
1 I cold \,vater
12 the salt
13 the people
14 Vegetables
15 the children
1 6 the \.vords
17 photographs
1 H the phorobTfaphs
19 English... interu<ltional
business
20 Money... happiness
!}
:e ......... ....... :« ........ 'M .«:. M" :::: .;.;..  x.. .:::.:..;0 :::::::m. :x: ':;$:::::: .:::; .:::::, {.{;':
-tC :@' "'.. .r..: -..-..........'<t..-.-.;.
. -..  -:- ....--.- ",,-
72.1
3 S\ovcdcn
4 The Arn:lzon
5 Asia
6 The Pacific
1281.1

KEY TO EXERCISES
7 The H..hint'
8 Ken\'3
,
9 The United States
10 The Andes
11 Tokyo
12 The Alps
13 'rhc R_cd Sea
14 Ma)ta
15 The Ihh;11l1;lS
72.2
3 OK
4 the Philippines
5 the south of France
6 the Itcg,al Cinenla
7 l)K
R the NluSClllll of Modern Art
<) ()l(
1 () BelgiUln is SlllJller than the
N cthcrla nds.
11 the Mississippi _.. the Nile
12 the National Gallen r
13 the Park Hotel in Hudson
Road
14 OK
15 The Rocky Mountains arc in
North Alncrica.
](; () K
17 The Panalna Canal joins the
Atlantic ()cean and the Pacific:
()ceal) _
1 X the United States
1.9 the "vest of Ireland
20 OK
ti'Trf-r ..  0/; -- -. ."" .--.... .....-:.:.:.«4..::::-::::_.:-..:.:-..-::. - :J:S::;
" ,;!I L t r:';;'Pfr:[, t'" .... ....,; i<--'
73.1
2 tlut house
3 these postcards
4 those birds
J this scat
6 These plates
73.2
2 Is tla;lt your umbrclla?
3 Is this your book?
4 Are those your books?
5 Is that ){our bicycle?
6 Are these vour kevs?
. I .
7 Are those your keys?
H Is this your v!atch?
9 Arc those your glases?
10 Are these your gloves?
l282]
73.3
2 that's
J This is
4 That's
5 tha t
G this is
7 rl 'hat's
8 tbat's
y '''' [i]TI '' '< y
 .,  .S 
"'.' " <t t..;t
... ........ ,,: "Oo...c
".'y ... ..:--:,....... .'.' .
. ......; .N'.
74.1
2 Idol)'t nced one.
3 I'm going to buy one.
4 I haven't got one.
S I've just h.ld one.
6 there's one in Mill Road.
74.2
2 a nc\\.' 011e
3 a better one
4 an old olle
5 a big one
G a djfftrellt one
74.3
2 \Vhich ones?
The green oncs.
3 Which ont'?
The one- 'with a/the red door.
tJ Which one?
The black one.
S Which ones?
The ones 011 the vI/all.
6 Whjch ones?
The ones on the top shelf
7 Which one?
'I 'he tall Ol1C with long hair.
8 Which oncs?
The yelh1\v ones.
9 Which one?
The one with a nlollstache and
glasses.
Oc.
10 Which ones?
The ones you took on the
beach last week.
.;  ;..i'J} '<; ....., ._ w  ',<  "'.-' : y,__
. ". .. t 
. . .... -)o y
75.1
2 SOlne 8 SOlne
3 anv <.) sonle
,
4 anv 10 any ... any
I
5 anv 1 1 some. .. auy
I
6 S01lle 12 sonlC
7 any
75.2
2 SOillC letters
3 any photographs
4 any f()ITign bllguages
5 sOl11e fi-iends
6 some milk
7 any batteries
8 S01lle flTSh ai r
9 SOllIe cheese
10 any help
75.3
3 I've got some / I havc sonle
4 lluvcn't got ,lny / I havel1't allY
/ I don't have any
J I didn't buy ;lilY
G I bought sonlC
75.4
2 sOJIH.'thing
3 anythi11g
4 anvthing
, ...'
5 S()l11cbody/SoBleonc
(> an ) rthin cr
b
7 .lllybody/.myone
8 SOillethil1g
9 anvthin o '
, b
10 :lIlj{body/allyol1t':
.';;.. J. i ;: :h'::'::'::;:":1
76.1
2 Thcre are 110 shops uear here.
3 C.tro! h.1S got no fiocc titHe.
4 There is no light il1 this r00111.
6 There iSH't any tea in the pOL.
7 There areu't any bllSe'i today.
R TOlll hasn't got any brothers or
sIsters.
76.2
I any 8 no
-
3 ;111 y 9 ,lny
4 no 10 no
5 any II None
(> no 12- any
7 .my
76.3
I no money
3 any questlOl1s
4 no ti-icnds
5 110 di1ference
6 ;lilY furniture
7 no answer

.....
'"
....,
R 3ny heating
4) any photographs... no fib})
....
76.4
Example (,l1HWns:
2 Three.
3 Two cups.
4 None.
S None.
"
...
....,
r;  ,..g'.';;':/ \.;..,.., ;..."' ......" .,.....,.. .,,_%... !
<k..J t.::;... '.", w .::.. ':, .....::..,:...." /. ..»..', .:;......n'"'..%,:.7M@ ..,
...
....
77.1
') There-'s nobody in the office.
3 I've got nothing to do.
4 There's nothing on TV.
5 I'here \;vas no-one .It home.
() We found nothing.
....,
....,
77.2
2 There wasn't 31lybody on the
bns.
3 [haven't got ;mything to read.
4 J haven't got anyone to help m<..
.5 She didn't hear anything.
() We h.lven't got Llnything for
dinner.
"
...
....
"
77.3
3:1 Nothing.
4a Nobody./Nn-otle.
Sa Nobodv./No-one.
J
(>.1 Nothing.
7a Nothing.
"-
Sa Nobodv./No-one.
J
...
...
....
3b
4b
Sb
[ don't \\rant anything.
I didn't tneet anvbnd ) r/anvol1e.
J J
Nobody/No-one knows the
...
,
anSV.ler.
6b [didn't buy anything.
7b Nothing happened.
8b Nobody/N'o-one \la l.ite.
"
"
77.4
3 anything
4 Nobody/No-one
5 Nothing
'-
6 anything
7 anybody/anyone
R 1lothing
<) e1l1ything
10 anything
11 nobody/no-one
12 anything
13 Nothing
'-
...
"
14 Nobody/No-one...
anybody/anyone
 1 :". ...... .  :".......;:'6. y ..::.-:.:.:.:-=t.oQo::::1":=".::::::-:":::":= ":S6- :y:::::::;,.>-::::: "'...-..... ..::.::".
II <SI. ,,-« .' . ;
:!,:oQo.....-o;cE"'.oOI.:-a:..........."""'....."'............... "'... .... .o(\o,,.:..-c..:=-:: ......
78.1
2 sOIllething
3 sonlc\\rhere
4 somebodv/sorneone
J
78.2
2a No\ovhere.
3a Nothing.
4a Nobody./No-one.
2b 1'111 not going any\vherc.
3b r don't \V,Ult ,1nything.
4b ['rn not looking fix
anvbodv/anvolie.
, , J
78.3
3 anything
4 elI1ything
5 sOll1ehody/sOillcone
G sOlllcthing
7 anybody/anyone... nobody/
no-one
8 .1uything
<) Nobody/No-one
10 anybody/anyone
11 Nothing
12 <lnvwherc
J
13 somewhere
14 anything
15 anybody/anyonc
78.4
2 anything to Celt
3 nothing to do
4 an)T\vhere to sit
5 something to drink
6 nO\\7here to stay
7 something to read
8 somc\vhcre to play
iJi: r'lf3] :_:: -:,::' '. :' ,I
79.1
2 Every day
3 every tilHC
4 EV<.'J'V r001U
J
5 every \.vord
79.2
2 every day
3 all day
KEY TO EXERCISES
4 every d,]y
J all day
() cvery day
7 a11 day
79.3
2 every
3 all
4 an
5 Every
6 all
7
S all
9
evcrv
J
everv
J
79.4
2 everything
3 Everybody/Everyone
4 everything
5 evely\\rhcrc
6 Everybody /Fveryone
7 everywhere
8 Everything
79.5
2 IS 5 has
3 has 6 W.IS
4 likes 7 nukes
 .)O_./ ."W"{ .,y.,, .lQ:A:sa::a: N_.a8I"?a-«..'$I::I:ir.d8Q:m&
. !I:I #'.n .
4 ......oMIt.A_ __ '*-'f"."'!1rt)a:(":!!II:  "'oSIP'
80.1
3 Some
4 Most of
5 I1lost
(-) any of
7 .1.11 or all of
g None of
(j anvof
J
1 0 Mot
11 nlOst of
12 SOUK'
13 All or All of
'14 SOlne of
1.5 lllost of
80.2
2 All of then1.
3 S0111e of theln.
4 None of then..
5 Most of theill.
6 None of it.
80.3
3 Some people ...
4 Some of the questions. .. or
Some questions. . .
5 ()K
(-) All insects...
7 OK (or ... all of these books)
8 Most of the students... or Most
students.. .
9 OK
10 ... Inost of the night
"'.
... l283 J
'-

KEY TO EXERCISES
.,-&-   JII':!!P' oQo:"',..
-.J: :8: .:". M"'oC- -::
.. .) v." ?., ...:c:.. ...
'.; ;:'..oQo":':"';I\:'"'.'''''''''''''''' .j".-* w"j..":.."": .* ... W'l!!!:.f
81.1
3 Both 4J Neither
4 Neither 10 either of
5 Neither 1J Both
6 hoth 12 neither of
7 Either 13 Both
8 neither of 14 either of
81.2
2 Both windo\vs arc open.
3 Neither man is \ve;lI;ng a hat.
4 Both men have (got) CJlneras. or
. .. are carrymg ClIlleras.
5 Both huses go to the airport. or
... arc going to the airport.
6 Neither ans\ver is light.
81.3
3 Both of thClll .In..' students.
.:1 Neithel- of them has (got) a car.
5 130th of thenllivc in London.
o Both of them like cooking.
7 Neither of rhelH can play the
pIano.
8 Both of the))l read nc\.vspapers.
9 Neither oftheu1 is interested in
sport.
-"! !hl}i!TiJ ::":' ,:':. =' : ::::',:,,, :;, '"::. ;"
82.1
2 111:111 V 8 IJlany
J
3 IHnch <} Ho\'v' mallY
4 n tan y 10 I Io\\! IllllCh
5 Hun Y 11 Ho\v much
6 InLlch 1.2 I-fo\v 11uny
7 11m c h
82.2
2 rnuch time
3
4
5
6
tHany countnes
many people
IlILlCh luO'o-ao'e
bb b
111Jny tn nes
82.3
2 a lot of interesting things
3 a lot of accidents
4 a lot of fun
5 a lot of traHic
82.4
3 a lot of SIlO\V
4 (1K
l2H4 J
5 a lot of m011ey
6 ()J(
7 OK
H a lot
82.5
3 She pIays tennis a lot.
4 J Lc doesn't use his car BlUCh.
(or... a lot.)
5 He doesn't go out lunch.
(or ... a lot.)
C> She travels a lot.
 -r-ooc t"". ................ -..... :;,..,.:;..,," - ,,-... -----...-. ..... ;. . -
-c  S j .:jjI: t  ora.
1:PJ.:sss:oQ:!brW-d!!lJ.'ta:E ';->'iiI\.-- -«. "o;d: .iiF-w:'f. »E--.:-.,jj;, - ...c" -.<-
83.1
2 a fc\v
3 a little
4 ;1 few
5 a little
() a f('\\1
83.2
2 .1 little lllilk
3 A f<.'\\' d<IYs
4 a little Russian
5 a [n\! friends
() a few times
7 ;1 fc\\' chairs
8 a little fiTSh air
83.3
2 very little coffel'
3 very little rain
4 very few hotels
5 very little tinle
6 Very fev,.' people
7 verv little \\'ork
J
83.4
2 A fe\,\-' r- fe\,v
.)
3 <1 little 6 a littlc
4 little 7 Ii ttl e
83.5
2 ... a little luck
3 ... a fe\:\l things
4 OK
5 ... a fe\v questions
6 .. _ few people
Ire ?:" ::'<:':.:::,: : :"::::;:,":,;
84.1
2 J like that green jacket.
3 Do you like classical lllusic?
.II!
.' -,
4 I had a \\'onderful holid.lv.
J
5 We \\rent to a Chinese
restaurant.
84.2
2 hlack clouds
3 lOll!! holidav
.....' J
4 hot water
5 tJ'csh air
6 shaY}l knife
7 dangerous job
84.3
2 It looks ne\\'.
3 1 feel ill.
4 Yon look surprised.
5 They s11leJI nice.
6 It tastes hon-ihle.
84.4
2 It doesn't look new.
3 y 011 don't sound Alnerican.
4 I don't feel cold.
5 They don't look heavv.
6 It ooesn't taste good. '
'- r ;!iJ.,\"", $t... ",. ..X«"I-».:t:b..:jj:j(-" "Z"
<4 < i : 1<, i '-I i ... , .... . - . 
oQI'"*tB:"-dIfI::B:"'-Wl.-«-:  .....-... -c -:-....-..:_--
85.1
2 badlv
J
3 quietly
4- ano-rilv
b ,
5 f::1st
6 dangerously
85.2
2. Come quickly
3 vvork hard
4 sleep v....ell
:; \vin easilv
,
6 Think carehJlly
7 know her very well
8 expl.Lin things very clearly /\vell
85.3
2 anf.,rry
3 shnvly
4 slo\,,-..
.5 carduJ
b hard
7 suddenly
R qmet
9 badly
1 () nice (See Unit
84.)
85.4
2 \vell
3 good
4 \,vell
:J well
6 good ... good

...
...
.'::,<;";: !,i'::>:-::w,'- :,..'.:".... .,,",: ::.,:
"
86.1
...
2 bi g uer
....t>
3 'ilo\.ver
4
S
6
....
Inore expens1Ve
hi \)"lwr
b
Jl10re cbngerous
...
86.2
,
2 tr()nger
3 happier
4 more modern
.5 morc important
(; better
7 larger
H l110re senous
9 prett1er
10 more cro\vded
...
....
...
...
...
86.3
2 hotter/wanner
3 l110re expenSIve
4 wore
5 f'IJrthcr
6 11l,ore difficult or harder
...
....
'.
86.4
3 t11lcr
4 harder
5 more comfortable
(, better
...
...
7 mcer
8 heavier
9 more interested
10
1"1
12
13
14
15
...
\,vanner
better
...
bi(yo'cr
t>t>
rnOl-e beautiful
sharper
more polite
....
"
"
. ill':._.: ::: x:': :'
:...«.x:.",
;'
«£I
"
87.1
3 Liz is taBer than Ben.
4 Liz starts v..'ork earlier than Den.
5 BelJ \-\forks harder than Liz.
6 Ben has got Inore money than
Liz.
7 Liz is a better driver than Ben.
t-; Ben is l110re patient than Liz.
9 Ben is a betler dancer than Liz.
/ Bel a dUlCes better than Liz.
'10 Liz is Inore inteI1igent than
nen.
"
"
...
...
...
...
11 Liz speaks I-rench better than
Ben. / Liz speaks better French
than Hen. / Liz's french is
bctter than Dcn's.
12 Bel] goes to the cinema more
than Liz. / ... nlore often than
Liz.
87.2
2 You're oldcr than her. /
. .. than she is.
3 You \vork harder than Ine. /
... than I do.
4 You \v3tch TV lllOlT than hinl.
/ ... than he does.
S You're J. bcttcr cook than 111e.
/ ... than I am. or
You cook better than Inc. /
. .. than I do.
6 Y Oll bIO\V nlore people than
us. / ... than \.ve do.
7 You've got Inorc Inoney than
thcll1. / ... th,1I1 they have.
8 You C111 run faster than Inc. /
. .. than] can.
9 You've been here ]ongcr than
her. / ... than she has.
1 0 You got up earlier than thcm. /
. .. than they did.
J
11 You \vere Inore surprised than
him. / .,. than he \\o'as.
87.3
2 Jack\ lllothcr is 11111ch youllger
than his father.
3 My ClnH..ra cost J bit more than
yours. / ... than YOllr calnera. or
My canlcra \vas <1 bit more
expensi ve th;Ul ...
4 1 fecllHuch bctter today than
yesterday. / ... than I did
yesterday. / ... than 1 felt
yes.terday.
S It's a bit wanncr today than
yesterday. / ... than it \\fas
yesterday.
6 Ann is a much better tennis
player than IlIC / than I lln. or
Ann is 11luch better ,at tennis
than I11e / than I aln. or
Ann plays tennis 11lllch better
than lue / dun I do.
KEY TO EXERCISES
.,;s ,., f i.'''','- "!E:"80, f , "",0"-:;,.at.'I* "!i!.-3f.,:iIo-..I8' H'
{,. .. i . ; :
.jet....... W f .&.*".'Go-..&.r.""'J8: ...rtItP"-::.::-i:!:':IB: :I8I::-y.j. .;a:  'IQ:I: .,111:
88.1
2 A is longer than 13 but not as
long as C.
3 C is heavier than A but not as
heavy as B.
4 A is older than C but Ilor ;lS old
as n.
5 B has got I110re Il10ney than C
but not J.S Inuch as A.
or ... but less (money) than A.
6 C works harder than A hut not
as hard as B.
88.2
2 Your r00l11 isn't as big as Inine. /
... as my room.
3 ] didn'r !.!et un as carlv as Vall. /
F r J J
. .. as Vall did.
J
4 'I'hey didn't playas \ovell as us. /
... as "\ve did.
5 You IlJ.ven't been here as long as
Inc. / ... ,1S I have.
6 He isn't as nervous as her. / ... as
she is.
88.3
2 as 6 th,m
3 than 7 as
4 than H than
5 as
88.4
2 Julia lives in the ScHUC street as
Caroline.
3 Julia got IIp at the saIue tjnle as
A I l( lre\,v .
4 Andrc\v's car is the sallIe colour
as Caroline's.
: : ,:. ::'£:': :':.:, ::-, --:. : .:"'::"
89.1
2 C i longer than A.
o is the longest.
13 is the shortest.
3 D is youn g er than C.
J '-
B is the youngest.
C is the oldest.
4 D is Illorc expensive than A.
C is the most expensive.
A is the cheapest.
5 A is better dun C.
A is the best.
o is the \vorst.
r2R5]

KEY TO EXERCISES
89.2
2 the happiest day
3 the best fllm
4 the most popul.1r il1gcr
:> the \vont mistake
(-) the prettiest vilb.ge
7 the coldest dav
J
H the IllOS.t borjng person
89.3
:2 Everest is the highest mountain
in the \\lorld.
3-(j
Alaska is the brgest state in the
USA.
Brazil i the brgest country in
South AnIcI;c;l.
Jupiter is the largest planet in the
solar svstern.
,
The Nile is the hmgest rivel- in
Africa. ,I ... in the \vorld.
nc.l ,)'-a-.I"-£':'" ....>>>'*'......;-:::-..:.:U....4.._.,.." ,-'"'.:-L!!:....:: 
-- Ct "y>.".",''S ",  "=.,,,Z-l "...... ".."......."I'-W
90.1
2 enough chairs
3 enough p.tint
4 enough wind
90.2
2 The car isn't big enough.
3 His kgs. aren't long enough.
4 He isn't strong enough.
90.3
3 old enough
4 enough tilne
5 big enough
6 eat enough
7 enough tl-uit
8 tired enough
9 practise enough
90.4
2 sharp enough to cut
3 \'lann enough to have
4 enough bread to make
J we]] enough to \vin
6 enough time to read
'J})  .;::--:=:,> =7:,:=;:_":j
91.1
2 too heavv
J
3 tOo ]o\.v
[286 J
4 too f:1St
S too big
6 too crowded
91.2
3 enough
4 too many
-
:> too
6 enough
7 too much
8 enough
9 too
1 () too many
11 too nluch
91.3
3 r t' s too tn'.
4 It's too exper]'ive.
J I tis))'t / It's not big enough.
6 rt \vas [00 dittJcult.
7 It isn't good enongh.
8 r nl LOO busv.
J
9 r t \vas [00 long.
91.4
2 too early to go to bed.
3 too young to get married.
4 too dangerous to go out at night.
S too late to phone Ann (nov.r).
6 too surprised to say anything.
ill ;;.1;i j..:,:':::,=:: =; '::si
92.1
3 r like this picture very Illuch.
'l Tom started his ne\\' job last week.
S ()K
6 Jane bought a pl-eent for her
friend. or Jane bought her fi..iend
a present.
7 r drink three cnps of coffee every
day.
S ()J{
9 J borro\ved fifty pOllnos fi-OIll
IlIV brother.
J
92.2
2 I \:I,.'rote t\VO lettt'"rs this
mornlIlg.
3 Paul passed the exaUI easily.
4 Ann doesn't spea.... French very
\\rell.
5 I did a lot of\vork vesterd:-1V.
.' J
6 Do you klJOW London \:vcIl?
7 We eqjoyed the party very
Hluch.
H r explaineo the problern
cal-enll1y.
9 We Inet sonle friends at the
al rport.
10 Did yon buy th.tt jacket in
England?
'11 We do the Sa1lH thing every
day.
12 I don't like fi)(}tbaH very Hluch.
92.3
2 I arrived at the hotel eady.
3 Julia goes to Italy every Yt'"ar.
4 We have lived here since 1988.
5 Sue V.. r .1S born in London in
1960.
() Pau] didn't go to \VOI-k
yesterday.
7 AnI! \.-vent to the bank
vestenIavafternoon.
J J .
R r had lny breaktlst in bed this
IllOnJmg.
9 Barbara is going to l1ni versity in
<. )ctobcr.
10 I sa\-\-' a beautifll1 bird in the
garden this Illollling.
'II My parcnt h,lVC been to the
United States Illanv tiInes.
,
12 J left inv umbrella in the
J
restaurant last night.
13 Are you going to the cincma
t011101TO\'" evening?
14 I took the children to school
this 111orlling.
£; ;1Tr iJ'!...: ,',, ':" ,' "< :':."  .:':"::.=,,
93.1
2 He .1hvays gets up eady.
3 r Ie's / He is never late t()J work.
4 He sometim.cs gets angry.
5 I Ie often goes s\vinl1ning.
6 He's / He is usually at hOl11C in
tilt" evenings.
93.2
2 Susan is ah...ays polite.
3 I usuaJly finish \vork at 5
o'clock.
4 Jill has just st.uted a ne\' job.
S r rarely go to bed bdc)J"e
midnight.
6 The bns isn't usually late.
7 r don't often eat fish.
8 J \,vill never forgct what vou
....' J
said.
9 Have von ever lost vour
, J
passport?
10 Do you sti!] work in the saIne
place?

':'
.....
.....
'"
1') They ahvays St.1Y in the S.U11e
hotel.
12 Diane doesn't llSlI<llly \rork on
Saturdays.
13 Is -I'ina already here?
14 What do yon usually have fix
breakf.ast?
15 I can never rClllnnber his
naine.
...,
....
'"
...
93.3
2 Yes, <111({ I <I1so spe;ak french.
3 Yes, and I'm also hungry.
4 Yes, and I've also been to
Ireland.
5 Yes, and I also bought ,",ol1le
books.
""
...
'"
.....
93.4
1 Thcy both play football.
Thev're/Thev are both
, J
tudcnts.
They've both got Gtr.s./Thcy
both have cars.
2 Theyare/They'l-e allmarricd.
They v\fere all born in Engl.md.
They 311 live in New' York.
"'\
'"
'"
.. ',. r '" "  <'
'. .::: +. J ..
'J.. .: ":..; .:."..:",. . ",
. "' .'.' .., .X.'"N. :-.. ,»:".;.x..:«. .....xX".:... ..-c..»:.. ....... ....: '. .
. ... :.a:"'' :a.'' t:),.'¥'9:':"C. 00- . :r:--=:::""-»:'«....... ".:-" ... .....'"
'"
.....
94.1
2 Do VOll still live in Clarc Street?
3 Arc you still a student?
4 H.lve you still got a 1110tor-bike?
/ Do you still h.lve .,.
5 1)0 YOll still go to the cinen1a a
lot?
G ])0 you s.tilI \,-'ant to be a
teacher?
'"
'"
'"
....
94.2
2 He v,,"as looking for 3job.
Hc\/I Ie is still looking (for a
job).
He hasn't found ajob yet.
3 She \:IolaS asleep/sleeping.
or She \vas in bed.
She's/She is still dsleep/sleeping.
or ... still in bed.
She hasn't ",roken up yet. / She
hasn't got up yet. / She isn't
a"\vake yet. I She isn't up yet.
4 They ",rerc having dinner. /
They \\'ere eating.
They're / They arc still having
dinner. / ... still e.ltiug.
'"
.....
,
....
....
,
....
....
They haven't finihed (dinner)
vet. / Thev haven't finished
J ,
eatmg yet.
94.3
2 Is Ann here vet? or H.1S Ann
J
arrived/come yet?
3 Have YOll got your (exaln)
rcult yet? / I-Iavc you had
YOUT. .. / Have you received
your.. .
4 Ilave you decided '\.vhere to go
yet? / ])() you know where
you're going yct?
94.4
3 She's/She h.1S a]re.HJy
gone/left.
4 I've already got one. ,I I c1lready
have one.
5 I've/I have already paid (it).
6 he already knovvs.
0; u:' ,,': J1:>It:;,w '.:'.: u.T:::: ''.i;.:.:;',;;. ;1; ;;..
95.1
2 He g.lve it to Gary.
3 [-Ie gave thcln to Sarah.
4 I Ie gave it to his sister.
5 He gave then} to H..ohert.
(-) I-Ie gdVC it to a neighbour.
95.2
2 I gave joaUll::l a phnt.
3 I gave l"tichard some gloves I a
pair of gloves.
4 I gave Diane son1<.' chocolates /
a box of chocobtes.
5 I gave Rachel some flo\vcrs / a
bunch offlo\.ver.
6 I gave Kevin a pen.
95.3
2 Can you lend me an umbrella?
3 Can YOli givc 111<.' your address?
4 C.m YOll lend 1l1e ten pounds?
5 Can you send lllC SOIlIC
infonnation?
6 Can you sho\,v me the letter?
7 Can you get 111e SOlllC staillps?
95.4
2 lend you sOlne Inoney
3 send the letter to nle
4 buy YOll a present
5 pass IHe the sugar
KEY TO EXERCISES
6 give it to her
7 tlw policen1an Iny identity card
J 1  I",!{!' !:::::'-:';::' :<:".;.;,::: '';'>i'"
96.1
3 at 11 at
4 on 12 III
5 In 13 on
6 In 14 on
7 on 15 at
8 on 16 at
9 at 17 at
10 01] 1H 111
96.2
2 on 11 at
3 at 12 on
4 111 13 111
5 11} 14 at
() 111 15 In
7 01] 16 011
8 011 17 In
9 111 Hi ,It
10 at 1.9 at
96.3
2 all Friday
3 01] MOllday
4 at 4 0' clock on Thursdav I on
J
Thursday at 4 o'clock
5 011 SaturcJ..l)' evening
6 J.t 2.30 on Tuesday (afternoon) /
on Tuesday (afternoon) at 2.30
96.4
2 I'll phone you in three days.
3 My exalll is in t\,\fO \.veeks.
4 T 0111 \vill be here in half an
hour. / ... in 30 minutes.
96.5
3 In
4 - (no preposifion)
5 - (no preposition)
() 11}
7 at
H - (no preposition)
9 - (no preposition)
10 on
11 111
12 at
[2S7]

KEY TO EXERCISES
:f--'" ;sr:flBi:¥-&.« 'IQo .oO".... .... . .... . .. ...; - ---:E
0t J .. '.i'" 
'r.\.4>"}..""'''' -'. "-;'.' .,';.aao..1!4...'4'¥"'
97.1
2 Alex lived in Canada until
1990.
3 Alex has Jiveu in England since
.. - 
.1990.
4 Alice lived in Fr;,mct" until
1 99 l.
5 Alice h,as livcd in S\vitzerland
since:t Sl91. .
() Carol \o\/orked in a hotel frOITI
1990 to ) 993.
7 Carol has \.vorked in a
restaurant since 1993.
8 Gerry \.r.1 a teacher fronl 1983
to 19H9.
9 Gen.)1 has been a salel1l;l11
since 1989.
11 Alex has hved ill England
fix ...... years.
.12 A1ice ha lived in S\,vitzer1and
far ...... years.
.13 (:;lro] \.vrk('d in a hott'l fi)r
three vea rs.
,
14 Carol h;1 \,vorked in a
restaurant for....__ year'\..
15 Gt'rry was a tcacher for six
vears.
J
l6 GelTY h..1s bt'eH :l salesll1311 [or
...... years.
91.2
2 until 9 lnc('
3 fi)f 10 until
4 SInce 1 I f()r
5 Until 12 until
6 for 13 Since
7 f()r 14 f<Jr
8 until
" """"'.7. '"
"!:.:'I it'>' u' ...
 :L.-.;.w...... .... .:............ ":'.;.;..i,;':-.;...:.;..-:c..-0.::..:<D'"..
... ...... -.;-.. w.-:t
90.1
2 after lunch
3 beftn-e tbe end
4 dmi.ng the course
5 before they \.vel1t to Australia
6 dwing the night
7 \-vhile you are \\faiting
8 after the COllcert
98.2
3 \vhilc
4 for
[28R]
::> 'while
6 during
7 while
H fi) 1-
9 during
1 () \-vhile
98.3
2 e,ltmg
3 ans'weflng
4 havinghaking
S finishing/doing
6 going/tr3vclling
98.4
2 John worked in J bonkshop f(")r
t\.vo years after leaving school.
3 Defore going to sleep. I read a
few p.lges of my hook.
4 After walking tor three hours,
we \VeIT very tired.
5 l,et's have .1 Clip of cotree before
going out.
 "1 *.« 'Oq:. ...... ..... .. . ...: ...... ..... ... . ..... ...
:.;..J; ),y" :,'" ,. ,'., ...'S,;v .... ,. ,:
99.1
2 In the box.
3 On the box.
4 On the w.111.
5 At the bus stop.
h In the field.
7 On the balcony.
8 In the pool.
9 At the ,,,indo\v.
1 a On the ceiling.
11 On the table.
.12 At the table.
99.2
2 111
3 on
4 111
5 on
() at
7 In
8 m
9 .al
10 at
.11 m
12 at
1.3 on
14 at
J S on the wall in the living [00111
.. .»:r 1.-"' '" )'....,- . ..."....@;f '-.4< ,.'.... ;.. "'... ",.." .
. ,: ,:',,1:,ljl)j, v :, «: ".:,u.',:.,":..,,,..,..,/'
1 00.1
2 At the ail1"0rt.
3 In bed.
4 ()n.1 ship.
S In the sky.
6 At a party.
7 At the doctor's.
R On the second t100f.
9 At \\'ork.
lOOn a plane.
1.:1 In a taxi.
12 At a wedding.
100.2
2 111 9 In
3 III 10 111
4 at 1 ] on
- at 12 on
.'J
G III 1.3 at
7 at 14 111
8 at 15 on
oO'"...r(""-*""'GC)DCm "'**"""O'""'...&J\Qo"«,.."«:'":ft'".('q:q-:".At!:£ :SB:oIS&..$ .a8;..J8!.:A:
: ,tJ.' I.  :1., ...: , . ',",' '," /. .,,;;
101.1
2 to 6 to
3 111 7 to
4 to 8 111
S 111
101.2
3 to
<-I- to
5 at h01ne ... to \vork
6 at
7 - (110 preposition)
R to
9 at
lO at a rest.mrant ... to th( hote]
101.3
2 to 9 to
3 to 10 at
4 m 1 1 at
- to 12 to Mary's house
::>
6 to ... at home
7 at ]3 - (no pn1JOsition)
H to 14 study at ... go to
t

'"


'-


,


101.4
1 to
2 - (no preposition)
3 at
4m
5 to
(j - (no preposition)


..


...


..


101.5


"


Exalnplc answers:
2 to \
"ork.
3 at v.rork.
4 to Canad:l.
5 to parties.
G at a friend's house.


'.


"


. -
 jo 1 1 .....w.,.
'9t:&
.J!:'98b-
:as.:tS8b.i&




::tSS:-...Q:A:o@J-o@=
(i " T i 3'%

"':II:


-dJ:ti..,*
 -re:*:,-';"'
'<.::':*.w:.
:;:<.o:

:,,:=";e;w
«:=-:::=:.
.;.::;:.::;:;:.«--.oQo -:.".":......t..


102.1


-,


2 next to / beside / by
3 in tront of
-4 between
5 next to / beside I by
6 in front of
7 hehind
8 011 the Jeft
9 in the middle


"


102.2
2 behind
3 above
4 ill front of
5 on
() by / next to I beside
7' belov.... I U11dt'r
8 abovc
9 under
10 by I ncxt to / beside
11 OpposIte
12 on


\


102.3
2 The f<.mntain is in front of the
theatre.
3 The bank/bookshop is
opposite the theatre. or
Paul's offIce is opposite the
theatre. or
The theatre is opposite . . .
4 The bank/bookshop/
snper1l1,arket is next to ...
5 Paul's officc is abovc the
bookshop.
() The bookshop is between the
bank and the supcnnarket.


Xrrtl,":}i
'


"'-'" ..-....- .... m.*,*' l'
'IQSt%

*..L.:!!A:
'f!8I=<\.-
-@:.::a::a:I:-.u


w<:Sfp-.w'$.. w.


103.1
2 Go under the bridge.
3 Go up thc hill.
4 Go do\vn the steps.
5 Go along this street.
6 Go into the hotel.
7 Go past the hotel.
8 Go out of the hoteL
9 Go over the bridge.
10 Go through the park.


103.2


2 ofT
3 over
4 uutof

 across
6 rOllnd/arollud
7 through
8 on
9 round/around
10 into the house through a
\vinelo\v


103.3
1 out of
2 roundl anmud
3 111
4 from here to the airport
5 round/around
6 ani over
7 over
8 out of


'AylM" .t:
:: f:
'









t:




:
-

::







JCt .



:
.:>..% ....;4; ..",...
.;-
, :::: :P=- )..¥-."", ...."'"
"-« ...::.».Jo.' .:.....)0. \..
'=::


104.1
2 on tune
3 on holiday
4 on the phone
5 on television


104.2
2 bv
J
3 \vi th
4 about
5 on
(-) hy
7 at
(,)
o 011
9 \\..ith
10 about granUl1ar by Ver;} P.
Bull


KEY TO EXERCISES


104.3
1 \"ii th 9 ,lt
2 \vithout 10 bv
J
3 bv 1 1 about
J
4 about 12 by
:-> at 13 on
6 by 14 with
7 on 15 bv
J
8 with JG by


l.1!DL

!}
 r::: :::':',,:.:

 .n
:. .." < ..




105.1
2 III
3 to
4 at
J \o\lith
6 of


105.2


2 at
3 to
4 about
:J of
6 of
7 fI-o In
8 111
9 of
lO about
11 of
12 for getting :lnf,'TY with you


105.3
2
3
4
5


interested in going
o-ood at n'cltino'
b b b-
fed up v....ith \vaiting
sorry fi,r waking


105.4


2 Sue \vaiked past tHC \vithout
spcaking.
3 Don't do anything \vitlwllt
asking rue first.
4 r \\rent ont without locking the
door.


105.5


Exmnplc answers:
2 I'm ,If"<lid of the dark.
3 I'lll not ver)' gOl_){! at dra\ying.
4 I'm, not intcrested in cUs.
5 rrn f(;.d up with living in
London.


[289]




KEY TO EXERCISES
"S,:...(&""!:.... ,,*.,;,:::;';"&):C ::tS.._'lt.. o .....
 !..: }  I  
,,. ,,-. . "'-»o!I:P':p.::Ii.--""-:-'
. ?» 0/. .
.. .... "-...a.. ,,:....._ ':'.,,: "Iie_
,*:!c=:j)i,=11!'''>';'': !
106.1
2 - at
to .)
3 for 6 f()J
4 to
106.2
2 to
3 to
4 for
5 to
6 of/aboul
7 fi)r
H on
l) to
1 n for
11 to
12 - (no preposition)
'13 to
14 on
'15 of/about
106.3
1 at 4 dtlcr
go
2 aftt'"r J at
3 for 6 for
106.4
E:ymnple an.HIl('rs:
3 It depends on the progranllne.
4 It depends (on) \,hat it is.
J It depends on the we,lther.
6 It dcpends (on) ho\.\' rnucb you
\lallt.
,'i:., ;',  !1j:';::::.-;,;,;'::'7',::::'-
107.1
2 \\rent HI
3 looked up
4 rode ofr
5 nUlled round/ around or
looked round/around
6 got off
7 sat do\.vn
R got out
107.2
2 ;l\vay/out
3 round/around
4 going out ... be back
5 dO\Vll
6 over
7 back
8 III
[290]
9 up
10 going a'way ... cOIning back
107.3
2 Hold on
3 slo\ved do\"....n
4 takes off
S get on
6 speak up
7 broken dO\Vll
H f::111 OVLr / (111 do\vn
9 carried on
10 gave up
:1 r'!" ,l1J<lt.::: :<:'=:h7.::
108.1
2 She took ofFhcr hat. Of
She took her hat off
3 I-Ie put (hwvn his bag. Of
He put his bag do\vn.
4 She picked up the rnagazine. or
She picked the InagaziIJe up.
5 1 Ie put 011 his sunglasses. at'
He put his sunglasses 011.
6 She turned ofF the tap. or
She tllllled the tap off.
108.2
2 He put his jacket on.
l-le pll t it on.
3 She took off her glasses.
She took thenl ofl
4 Put your pens do\vn.
Put then} Jo\-vn.
5 They gave the InOllt'Y back.
They gave it back.
6 r turned otT the lights.
I turned them off
108.3
2 take it back
3 picked them up
4 s\,vitched it ofl'
5 bring them back
108.4
3 1 knocked over a glass /
I knocked a glass over
4 look it up
5 thro\.v theul a\,vay
6 fill it in
7 tried on a p<lir of shoes / tried a
pair of hoes on
S sho\ved nlC round (or around)
,
9 (rave it un or (rave ll l ) ( u/itlwut it)
b 1"" Do
10 put out your cigarette /
put your cigarette out
!, ; i ;  I .::d:":.':''k':'::.:;;:':::':
1 09.1
3 I \\rent to the \.vindo\-v <md (I)
looked out.
4 I \,vanled to phone you but 1
didn't have )'our number.
5 I jUlllped into the river and (I)
s\vam to the other side.
6 I usu;111v drive to v..rork but I
\.vent br bus this mOlllillg-.
7 1)0 YD1 Vlallt me to come \vith
vou or shall I \vait here?
,
109.2
l-:::xampll' allSWcr5:
2 because it \vas raining. / because
the \/e3.ther \vas bdd.
3 but it \\'<lS dosed.
4 so he didn'l eat anything. / so he
didn't \\lant anything to eat.
5 bt"c<lUse there vas ;1 iot of traffic.
/ because the traHie \vas bad.
() Sue said goodbye, g-ot illtn her
cu- and drove otf/a\\!ay.
109.3
li:\'amp/c answers:
3 1 went to the cinellla but the
filtn \-vasIl' t very good.
4 r went to a cafe and rllet 'IOlne
friends of mine.
S There was a filill on television,
so I \-vatched it.
6 r got up i1 t the 1niddlc of the
night because 1 couldn't sleep.
- - . - '9P::SE..dSV-..a:.B8P" ::t88;,'*'-....:::a:t'-.?"$--$. !.-+. ...;;sw...-dt-_ "':0'
;:.E I'...  ;,,:.! :.._' "-4-:.t<7'f',","'"""''" .," u':
110.1
2 When J'In tired, I like [0 vi,ratch
TV.
3 When I phoned her, there \vas
no ans\vcr.
4 When 1 go 011 holiday, I ahv..lYs
go to the s.arl1C place.
5 \Xfhen the programme ended, I
switched niT the [,V.
6 When 1 an-ived at the hotd,
there \rere no roorIlS.

110.2
2 \\lhen they heard the news
3 they went to live in NeVIl
Zealand
4 \,vhile they v..'erc avvay
5 before they caIne here
6 somebody broke into the house
7 they didn't helieve llll'
110.3
2 1 finish
3 it's
4 I'll be ... she le3ves
5 stops
6 We'll come... \.ve're
7 I come... I'll bring
8 1'1ll
9 I'll give ... I o
110.4
]]xamplc 1111."W(-TS:
2 \IOU finish vour \\lork?
.. ..
3 I'll write some letter.
4 "IOU (Tet readv.
J'  J
.5 I \\10n'r have much n-ee time.
(, 1 come back?
J:11IEilll::::::::'::.::,=.:, ::;,.::'.:
111.1
2 If YOll pass the exam, you'll get a
certificate.
3 Jfvoll f;lil the exam, VOU can do
.. . ,
. .
lt ag3m.
4 If you don't \'\/3nt this magazine,
I'II thro\-v it .l\:vay.
5 If you want those pictures, you
can have theln.
6 Jfvou're busv 110\'\/, \'ve cm talk
.. ..
later.
7 If you're hungry, we CllI have
lunch nO\\1.
8 If you need money, 1 can lend
you SOllIe.
111.2
2 I (Tive
t">
3 IS
4 ('II phone
5 I'll be ... get
6 Will you go '.' they invite
111.3
E:\:ample allSWet:\':
3 _.. the \v'atcr is dirty.
4 ... you'1( fc..'el better in the n 1011 ling.
5 ... you're not \ovltching it.
() ... she doesn't studv.
..
7 ... I'll go and see Chris.
S ... the weather is good.
111.4
2 When
3 If
4 If
J if
6 When
7 if
H 'when ... if
 "' , " "1"> ,',# "':': '!S>"*'!''W''80"",,_ .... 
..  . " 1..x ':  "
J """"-1I!f:  "*'; i.....:.;..... :IS: HI: "i'..j.».:::;:. ¥.4: '-c:,:' '":"":../. ;X-::.,*" '.)se-""-ra" '}.
112.1
3 wanted
4 had
5 \\las/\VeIT
() didn't enjoy
7 could
8 pokt'
9 didn't have
112.2
3 £'d go / I \vould go
4 she knew
5 \'\/e lud
G you \van
7 1 \.vouldn't stav
8 \ve lived
() It would be
10 the salary \-vas/were
11 I \,vouldn't knov\o'
12 \vould you change
112.3
2 I'd watch it / I \,vould v,/atch it
3 \VC Iud SOllle pictures on the
\,vall
4 the lir \\fould be deaneI'
.) evenl da v Viol as/ wel-e th e same
, ..
() r d be bored / I would be bored
7 \,ve had ,I bigger honse / we
bought a bigger house
8 \\Ie would; could. buv a bi gg er
.. ... .
house
112.4
Example auswers:
2 I'd. go to Antarctica
3 I didll't have :11lV friends
.. .
4 I had enough 1l1oney
5 r d caB the police
6 there V..I(:'Te no gnns
KEY TO EXERCISES
t"tf'T'ffr"' ; ::  '.,,"', " '"'" ,.,..
*oO'''''''-. -c.......
'N"": ":.w: "":.::(.... ... .-!t..
,.
.... . .. .....,..;
113.1
2 1\ butcher j<; a person \-vho sells
meat.
3 ,A Inusici:Hl is <1 person who plays
a 11Iusical instnunent.
4 A patient is a persHl w'ho is ill in
hospital.
5 1\ dentit is a person \\1ho looks
afier your teeth.
6 A f()ol is a person \ovho is very
stupid.
7 A gelliuo; is a ncrson v....ho is verv
... 1"" ,
intelligent.
8 A liar is a persoll wbo doesn't tell
the truth.
113.2
2 The WOlnan \\,Iho opened the
door \,va we,trin g . a veHo\\ dress.
... ,
3 IVinst of the stLKient 0;; \,vho took
tht> eX.11l1 passed (it).
4 The policclltan \'\/ho stoppt'"d our
car wasn't very ii-iendly.
113.3
2 \,vho
J v\"l1ich
4 \vhich
5 \.vho
G which
7 \o\"ho
8 \vho
<J which
that is also wnwf ill all thesf
Sl'ntl'na's.
1.
113.4
J ... a lllachine that/whi<:h nukes
coHi.'e.
4 () K (which is also ron-at)
. ,
5 ... people \vho/that never stop
tllkillg.
6 ()« (who is also (OIT('(I)
7 () K (tha t is also rorrc(()
8 ... the sentences that/vThich .Ire
\,vrong.
r291]

KEY TO EXERCISES



 m:l: 'J1
::=:
::.::
.. ,-

:7
 :>,
'<
'.:::J


114.1
2 I've lost the pen YOll gave tne.
3 I like the jacket Sue is 'Nearing.
4 Where are the f1()\;vel-s I gave
you?
5 I didn't believe the story he told
us.
6 How 111uch \
'ere the oranges
you bought?


114.2
2 The meal you cooked v\'as
excellcllt.


12921


3 rhe shoes I'tll \vearing aren't
verv comfortable.
,
4 The people \ve invited to dinner
didn't come.


114.3
2 Who ;ue the people you spoke
to?
3 Did you find the keys you \vere
looking for?
4 The hOllse they live in is too
sll1all for thenL
5 The Illap I looked at wasn't very
clear.
6 I fell off the chair r was sitting
on.


7 The bus we \vere \vaiting fc.)r
V\/3S vcrv late.
,
8 \Xfho is the man Linda is dancing
\\fith?


114.4
2. What's the n
Ulle of the
restaurant wbere you had
dinner?
3 1)0 YOll like the village \-vhere
YOll live?
4 How big is the E1Ctory \,-'here
YOll \vork?




Key to Additional exercises


1
3 Kate is ;) doctor.
4 The children arc asleep.
S BiU iSH't hungry.
6 The hooks 3ren't on the table.
7 The hotd is near the station.
S The bus isn't full.


2
3 she\/
he is
4 Where are
5 [s he
6 It'sl It i

7 £'n1/1 <un Of
No, I'm HOt. I'ln a student.
S What colour is
9 Is it
10 Are you
11 H()\
, much are


3
3 He's/He is having;} bath.
4 Arc the children playing?
5 Is it rail1ing?
6 Thel.,'rc/The y arC' contino'
) b
no\\'.
7 Why arc you standing here?
I'm/l ani v."aiting for
sOlnebody.


4
4 Chris doesn't \\'allt
3 Do )"'011 \\'.mt
6 Does Ann live
7 Sarah kno'ws

 I don't travel
9 do you usually get up
10 They don't go out
11 Tin1 always finishes
12 does Jill do ... She \\,orks


5
3 She's/She is a student.
4 She hasn't got a car.
3 She goes out a lot.
o She\ got I She has got a lot of
fi-iends.
7 She doesn't like Londoll.
8 She likes dancing.
9 She isn't / She's not interested
in sport.


6
1 Are vou manied?
,
Where do you live?
Have you got / Do you have
anv children?
,
H O\v old is she?
2 Ho\v old are VOll?
,
What do VOLI do? / Where do
,
YOll 'Vvork? / Wh.n's YOllrjob?
Do YOll like/enjoy your job?'
Have YOll got I 1)0 you have a
car?
Do you (usually) go to work. by
car?
3 What's his lla1l1e? / Wh<lt'S he
called?
What does he do? I Wh.1t's his
job?
Does he 1iveh:vork in I.ondon?


7
4 SGllia is 32 years old.
5 I've got / I have tv\.'o sisters.
6 We often \V.ltch TV in the


evenIng.
7 Ann never \vears a hat.
f; A bicycle has got t\VO 'wheels.
'.:J These Hov..rers are be.lUtiful.
10 Mary speaks Gennan velY \vell.


8
3 are you cooking?
4 plays
:-> 1'111 going
G It's railting
7 I dOll't watch
8 \
'c're .looking
9 do YOll pronounce


9
2 we go
3 is shining
4 .ire you gomg
5 do you go
6 She writes
7 11lever read
8 They're 'watching
9 She's talking
10 do YOLI us-u<dly have
11 I Ie's visiting
12 I don't drink


10
2 went
3 t()lJ n d
4 \.......ao.;
5 had
6 to]d
7 gave
H \ven:
9 thought
1u invited


11


3 He \\'as good at sport.
4 He played tc)otball.
5 I Ie didn't \....lork ]un.l at school.
6 He had a lot of friends.
7 J Ie didn't have a bicvc\e.
,
8 He wasn't a quiet child.


12
3 HO\....l lon o ' \verc VOli there? I
n ,
I 10\\' lon g did VOl] st.lV there?
.... , ,
4 Did you like/enjoy Amstenllln?
5 Where did yon stay?
6 Was the \ve
1ther good?
7 When did you getl COlnc back?


13
3
4
5
6
7


I tOFT()t
b
did you get
I didn't speak
Did you have
he didn't go
H she an-ived
9 did H..obert Jive
1 () The mea] didn't cost


14
2 \vcrc \\iorking
3 opened
4 rang... 'Vvas cooking
5 heard... looked
(, was looking.., happened
7 \\'a
n't reading... \,\ias watching
H didn't read
9 finished... paid ... left
1 () sa\\'... \vas \v<llking ... was
\v.ut1l1g


[293 J




KEY TO ADDITIONAL EXERCISES


15
'2 is ! Jb \ lino-

) J b
4 gave
=> doesn't like
(, did yonr parents go
7 S<1W. _. \1\7as driving
8 1)0 you \
l.ltch
<) were yon doing
10 goes
11 'm/:ull trying
12 didn'tsleep


16
.) it's/it has just finished/ended.
4 I've/l have found them..
5 I haven't read it.
6 H.lVe vou seen her?
7 rve/l 'have had enough.
K Have you (ever) been to
S\veden?
9 We've/We have Gust) been to
the cincnu.
10 They've/They have gone to a
party.
11 lIe's/ He has just \
'()kcn lip.
12 Ho\v long have you lived het-e?
or ... have you been living
here?
13 We've/We have knO\\ln e.1Ch
other for a long tiIHe.
14 I t'
/It has been raining all day.
or It has rained all day. or It has
been horrible/bad all day.


17
3 Ius been
4 tor
5 SJ11ce
() has he lived I has he been / has
he been living
7 for
8 have been


18
Exmnpll' (lflSl.W1:'i: .
3 I've just started this exerCIse.
4 I've Inet Julia a fe\\l tinles.
r- I l 1aven't had dinner yet.
=>
6 I'v(.' never been to Australia.
7 I've lived here since I \vas boTtI.
H I've lived here for three years.


[294]


19
3 bought
4 w"ent
5 've/l1.1v(:' read or
've/ha ve finished with
6 haven't started (it)
or haven't begun
7 \
,'<IS
8 didn't see
9 left
10 's/has hecn
1 1 \vas


20
3 1le's/Hc Ius already gone.
4 sh(
 'went at 4 o'clock.
5 How Illany titHeS have you heen
there?
6 I haven"t decided yet.
7 It \-va
 on the table last 1light.
8 I've just eaten.
9 What tinte did they arrive?


21
1 When was the last time? or
When did you go the last
time?
2 How long have you had it?
[ bought it ye
terday.
3 How long have you lived / have
vou been / have you been
living there?
Before that \\fe lived in Mill
H.,oad.
I I a v,,' long did you live in Mil1
ltoad?
4 Ilo\v long have you worked /
have you been working
there?
What did you do before that?
1 \,vas a taxi driver. or I v..rorked as
<1 taxi dri\/cr.


22
Exmnplc answers:
2 1 didn't go out last night.
3 I W<lS at \\'ork yesterday
afternoon.
4 I v...'cnt to a pany a fc\v days ago.
5 It was Ilry birthday last v'leek.
6 I went to Amct-ica last year.


23
2 B 5 A
3 [J 6 I)
4A 7C


8 n
9 C
10 D
11 A


12 C
L3 B
14 C
15 A


24
1 \,vas d:unaged ... be knocked
dc}\;vn
2 was built _.. is used... is being
p:1inted
3 is called... be c.dJed ... \V;IS
dunged
4 have been made ... are produced


25
2 is visited
3 \7y'ere dan taged
4 be built
:; is being de.med
b be forgotten
7 has already been done
R be kept
<) HLlve you ever been bitten
10 \vas stolen


26
2 IV1y car wa:; stolen last \"reek.
3 You 'relY Oll arc \vanted 0]1
the phone.
4 The banan3s have been eaten.
5 The Inachine \vill be t-epaired.
() We're/We .Ire being watched.
7 The food has to be bought.


---


27
3 pushed
4 \vas pushc-d
5 has taken
6 is being repaired
7 invented
H V",'LIS the GU1lera invented
9 did they send / have they
sent
10 be sent


--


28
2 B
3 A
4 C
5 13
(-) C
7 C


8 13
9 B
10 A
11 B
12 C




....


....


.....


29
1 I staved
J
did you do
I \V
I tc hed
Arc yon going
I'm going
arc YOll gOIng to see
I don't kIlo\'!.r. 1 havcn't decided
2 have YOli becn
We arrived
are you staying / arc YOll going
to stay
do YOll like
we're havin o '
b
3 I've just n:
nlelllbereJ - Jill
phoned
She ahvays phones... Did she
leave
she wants
1 'II phone... ])0 yon know
I'll o'et
b
4 I'm going... Do YOll WJnt
are you gOIng
Have you evcr eatcn
I've bcell ... r \-vent
5 I've lost _. _ Have VOll seen
J
Y Oll \VelT \\lell'jng .,. I CUlH.

I'm not \-\'earing
Have VOll looked / Did von
. J
look
rUgo


..


...


.....


"


....


...


"


....


....,


"


"


"


...


...,


...


...


"',


-.


...


"


...


...


,


,


...


KEY TO ADDITIONAL EXERCISES


30
2 A
3 13
4 C
J .13
() C
7 B
8 A
9 C
10 A


11 B
12 A
13 C
L4 13
15 C
16 A
17 C
18 B


II the next train
I
 \vi'ites letters (-)
13 the garden
14 the lYbjestic I Jute]
15 ill last \,,,,reek (-) . _. t{} work (-)
16 the highest lnOllnLlin ill the
\-\'orJd
17 to the radio. _ _ h,aving brcakf
lst
(-) ,-.
1B like sport (-) _._ is basketball (-)
19 a doctor... an art teacher
20 the second Aoor ... the top of
the stairs _.. on the right
21 After dinner (-) ... \vatchcd
television (-)
22 a wonderf1Jl holiday in the
south of France (-)


31
2. a car
3 the fiidge
4 a teacher
5 school
6 the ciueilla
7 a taxI
8 thc piano
l) C01nputer,;
10 the saine


33
') 111 12- .it
-
3 on IJ at
4 ;1 t 14 LI}
- 15
:1 Oil at
G III 16 on
7 smce 17 bv
J
H OJ} IX ft)r ... on
<} hy "J<) to ... III
1.0 III 20 dt _.. iu
1 I for


32
4 a horst"
5 The sky
6 a tOUrIst
7 f(>r IUllch (-)
8 the first President of the
United States
9 a \\/atch
J 0 renlcm,ber namcs (-)


"


l29S]




Index


a/an 64
(/ and .'10mi' 66-67
a/all and the 68
about 104£
above 102£
active and passive Appcndix 1
across 1 03
adjectives 84
a(
jectives ,md adverbs
(quickl quickl}') 85
comparatives (older / morc
expc1"l5h'c) H6-B8
superbtive
 (the oldest / the nwst
ex/wnsilJe) H9
,f.
ct + adjective (
e( tired ete.) 5SH
possessive adjectives (nJ)' /yourlher
etc.} 59,61
somcihil'{f!/(m.ybodyetc. + a<.Uecrive 78C
adjectives + preposition (,!.(raid (if
ete.) 105A
adverbs 85
"\"\ford order (always /usually /(![tf1"/
etc.) 93
advise (ad /Jis£' sonldJOd)' to ...) 52B
afraid (of) 1.05A
after 9H, 1 1 0
ago 19U
all
all aud fllC1'}' ctc. 79
all ((!D gO
\
,rord order 93
along 103
already
4C
already -I- present perfect 16H
word order 93
also (v...'ord order) 93
always
ahlJa}'s + present simple 5C
\vord order 93
am/is/ are 1-2
mn lis/ are -illS!. (present cOlltinuous)
3-4. 23A, 26, 50C
awn: is I there flrc 36
an see a
and 1 09
angry (with/about) I05A
another 64B
any
{JHY and some 75
not -I- au}' 7(,
an)' <me! lW 76
lH1Y ((?J) 80


[2Y6]


anybody/anyone/anything 75D,
77-78
anyw
ere 78
apostrophe (I'm) it's ete.)
Appendix 4
apostrophe
s (my brother's car) 63
are see anI/is/are
around 103, 107-10H, Appendix 7
arrive 101 C
articles (alan/the) 64-72
alau 64, 66-67
aim"/. and the ()8
the 69-72
as (not as . .. as) 88
ask
ask somebody 10 ... 5213
ask somehod}l.fClf . .. 106A
at
at 8 o'clock / atll
f!ht ete. 96
at the [ms stop I at work ete.
99- -100
at and to 101
at the age t?f... 104B
auxiliary verbs 23,39-41
away
run aWll}' / throwaway ete. (phrasal
verbs) 107-1 OR, Appendix 7


back
(ome ba(k / gilJf!. bad'?' dc. (phrasal
verbs) 107-10B. Appendix 7
be (infmitive of mnlislim')
ami is/arc 1-2
tmdis/are + -it-1,
 (present
continuous) 3-4, 23A. 26. 50C
wm::/were 10
was/were + -ill,g (past cOIltinuous)
13, 23A, 50C
Juwe I/Jas been (present perfect)
15-18
passilJc 21-22, Appendix 1
will be 2R
because 109
been
Iltwe lilas been (present perfect)
15-18
been andRone 17C
then' has Ihavf been 37 n
before 98, 11. 0
begin (bc,-(!iu to ... or bl:ftin -il-lg) 51 C
behind 102A
helong (to) 106A


below 102E
beside 1 02A
best H9D
better 86D
between 102A
bit (a bit older/bigger ete.) H71)
born 21 C
both H 1
\\ford order 93
but 109
by 1 04C
by after the passive (J 1,/'{lS bitI(,ll hy a
do,fZ.) 21 D
by mysr!ll /Jy yourse!.f ete. 62C
by (= besilJr) I02C


can/ can't 31
cornparative (older I more o.]Jfnsillc
ete.) 8G-RR
conditional (
r...)
!'f I do ... 11 1
!f I did ... 112
conjunctions 109-112
(w,d / 1m t / or /so IlwwlIsc 10tJ
u41e1"llb
J("': /w/zile I(!ftcr /r.m tiI ] 10
If 111-112
continue (amtimlf to ... or (tmtitmc
-it-
!?) 51 C
contractions (shorr forms - I'm, it}s,
}}CW'IJC etc.) Appendix i

couldl couldn't J 1 C-D
countable and uncountable nouns
66---67


depend (OIl) 1 06C
did
didll}c in negatives 12. 211). 39C.
4213. 50A
did in questions 12. 23]), 3 t )C.
43B,50A
different (frol1"l) l05A
direct speech and reported speech
49
do 56
(!€m'tldo{'w't in negatives (). 23]).
39C. 4213, SUA
do/does in ljuestions 7, 23D. 39C,
43B, 50A
down 103
sit down I put (Joum ete. (phrasal
verbs) 107-1 OR, Appendix 6-7
during 98


The lU,1111/,crs ,1re uHit t"llUUbi'H (IWlj)(lgi' twtuIJcfs).




each other 62D
either
rither and too £11 A
either ((
fj 81
ell1bedded questions (Do you kllow
what...? cte.) 4-8
end (c.It fhe end (if) 96B, 99B
cnJ oy
rt
ioy -illg 5113
n
io)' mysc!{/)'ollrsc!letc. 62A
enough 90
enough an d too 91 D
ever
Hal'c )'011 ever. . . ? 17
superlative + cper 89£
word. order 93
every 79
everybody / cveryone/ everything
/ everywhere 79C
expect 51 A, 5213


far
J lowfar is it? 3RA, 4()D
fm'
 Jimlu.T R() n
fast 85C
fed lip (with) I05A
fe,v / a fe,v 83
finish (finish -ing) SIB
for
for (01 mil1/1fes l10r tlu'<'C ycars ete.
19,97D
[or and to ... 5313
.,!oIor a walk de. 54C
Ji,r and dl/rin;!"! 98C
froni 97 A, 103
front (in front iif) I02A-B
full (of) 105A
further 86B
future 26-29
t'm 'I.JJorki/
g to fTlO rrow , (pre
ent
continuous) 26
'l1lC {on.{('ft starts at 7.30. (present
simple) 26C
(I'm) }!Oifl}; to (d() sOl1"lrthiflg) 27
will 28-29
shall 281), 29C
fu tlIre after wlU'nllwfore /while etc.
11.0B
future after if [ 11 B


geographical nalues \;\.lith and
\.vithout the 72
gerund see -ing
get 55
,r:fT to (a place) SSC, "l(H C
.',zer on / xct up erc. (phrasal verbs)
107, Appendix 6


.
give
(Jifle sO/"1lethill o «) sOInebod } ' / (litJe
c' ,fo,. .6
somebody somethirl;f
 95
girJe 1.11' / RirJc brick ere. (phrJsal
verbs) 108, Appendix 6-7
go 54
,
o -i1"
e (f?O swinnning etc.) 54D
go IWlIle / go to work / go to the
cinrllw 70
go ill / go hack etc. (phrasal verbs)
107
going to (I'n1 }?oif"1;f? to do s01l1cthin,,!)
27
gone and been 17C
good
<{!,00i1 andweI! 85D
J[oOilclt 1()5A
got
past of,
d 11 C, 55
hi.lIH:/has got 9, 57 A


had
past of/uwe II C
had to 34l

He sailf he lwd (done s(mlcthi/"1;
) 49,
Appendix 1.1
happen (to) 106A
hard
5C
has see have
hate 51C-[)
have 9,57
IUl1Ic got / has got 9, 57 A
har)!' d<nw / IU1/le been ete. (pre-sent
perfect) 15-18, 23C
hlllJ(' to 34
there IUls/ltmJe been 37B
ht/pc brcil!plst / h{l1Ic fI s!wwer de.
57B
her 5R-59. 61
hers ()o-() I
herself 62
hill1 58, 61
hilTIself 62
his 59-61
holiday (on holiday) 54B, 104A
houle 54A, 70A, 101B
Ret h01#1e 5SC, 101 C
how 46
I low 101lf! IUl1JC you ...? (present
perfect) 18
!IOU} b
R? / 1101.1.1 old? / howfnr? ete.
46D
How long docs it take? 47
how nm[h? / how HUUI-)'? 82A


The "I,umbers l1ft IInit numlJers (not page' nmnbcrs).


INDEX


Ilyou/hc/she etc. (personal
pronouns) 58, 61
if 111-112
lfwe .(!O / if you see de. 111
ff and when 111 C
If I had / lfwf U'CIH 112
Do YO/I ht"ww if...? 4RC
.
In
in April/in Slmm/('f etc. 96
in a 1"001"11 / in hospital etc. 99, 1 no
in.fllJc minutes I in thfee years ete.
96E
in and to [0.1
put somcthifl,R ill 103
go in I fill in etc. (phrasal verbs)
107-1 W-!, Appendix 7
infinitive (do/see/play etc.)
infinitive ((lO/iff' ere.) and t()
+ infinitive (to do / to see elL.)
50,52
mn /u,.illls/lOuld etc. 1- infinitive
50 A
verb!> + t() -I- infinitive (I wall! to go
ete.) SOB, 51.-52
infinitive and -ifl,
 (do/doing de.)
50-51
J wrnt to the shop to buy...
(infinitive' for pUll'0se) 53
infinitive and..f(,r... 5313
adjective + infinitive (it's etlsy
to ...) 38B
somctlii1-
R to ell! / nowhere To ,eo etc.
78D
-ing (doifl}!,ipla}'it
g/goif1g etc.)
am/is/arc -I- -ing (pre!\ent
COJltiuuous) 3-4, 23A, 26,
5Ue
j.INlS /H.1CH
 -I- -in)! (past continuous)
13, 23A, SOC
-inN and infinitive (do/doing etc.)
50-5]
verbs -I -iug (enjoy -ing ete.)
51..l
--c
,go -in;!"! (I!o swimming ete.) 54D
prepositions + -it-
g 98D, 1 USB
in terested (in) 105A
into 10)
irregular verbs 11 C, 2413,
Appendix 2-3
is see alu/is/ are
it 38,58B
it is and there is 3()B, 38A
. , I . - qc
It saUL ItS::> _,
its 59


just
Just + present perft'ct 16A
\"lord order 93


1 29 71




INDEX


kind (ldnd to somelJody I kind (![
somebotly) 1 U5A
know (Do YO// kl/ow u41C1'l' ...?) 4t\


learn (leiU1"l to ...) 51A
left (on the left) l02A
lend (lend _'Wl11cthin__t! to sOIncbody) 95
less R7C
lct 520
likc (J.1lhflt is it like?) 45B
like (verb)
l.flollid like 35, 51 D, 52A
do you like? and would you like?
35C
like to ... or likl' -il/,f! 51 C
listen (to) 106A
little / a little B3
look
look + adjective (look tired ete.)
84C
look i.lt /(or lafier 10613
lot (a lot of ...) 82
love 51 C-D


make 56
make sOI"1"1ebotJ}' do Soml'fhiIIJ?
52D
make LUld do 56
Inany
mauy and Illllrh 82
1I0t (IS num}' (a:,) RSll
too litany <) 1 C
..narried
Illl1rricd to 105A
,get man-jed 55
ll1ay JOn
tnc/you/hitll etc. (personal
pronoulls) 5
, 61
tl1iddle (in thl' middle oJ) 100A.
102A
tnight 30
luind (l don't mind -ill,R) 51.13
l11inc/yours/hers ete. (possessive
pronoulls) 60-61
1110dal verbs (lVill!t{lI1/m
f!ht etc.)
28-35,50A
Inore 86C, 87
luost
most (oD SO
the nl.Ost expensillf' / the most d!fjlctllt
etc. 89
much
much and many 82
much b
lt.ger / n1Urh more cxpensil J {'
87D
not as much (as) HHH
too nmch 91 C


[298]


l1.1.ust 32
Il/l-lsfn'r 32C
must and should 33£
mr,Jst and '/ape to 34D
111Y Iyotlr Ihis ere. (possessive
adject.ives) 5
), 61
luyself/yourself etc. (reflexive
pronouns) 62


need
lIeedn'( 321)
need to ... 5 I A
negatives 42
negative questiolls 43C
110 and nOli(' 76
Iwt -j clU}' 76-77
ncither
i\lcilhn am I I l\/cither de] 1 de.
41ll
neither ((
f) R 1
never
nelJ{'f -I- present simple 5C
nelJl'r -I- present perfect t 7
'\o'ord order s)3
next to l02A
nice (Ilia.' fa sO/H.l'body I,/icf (?{
somebod}J) 105A
no (110 m(nlc}' I lIoIriclUls ete.)
76A-B, gOA
nobody/no-onc/nothing 77-78
no-one ano l10ne 76C
none 76D-C, HOB-C
nor (1\lor am 111\"01" do J de..) 4,1 B
nouns (countable awl uncountable)
66-67
nowhere 78


of
the m<?f (?.f thc InJildit-
Q etc. 63C
the... <?f... 72E
off ] 03
.f!.l'( (
ff I turn <?[{ etc. (phrasal verbs)
107-108, Appendix 6
offcr (to do sotucthi,l}!.) 51 A
oftcn
<?!tl'J1. + present. simple 5C
\,vo1'd order 93
011
on Alonday I 011 25 April de. 96
011 lhe table I 011 the wall 99-100
011 the l
,{t I righ t 1 02A
on holiday I on telellision etc. 104A
go on (holida}'1 11 trip etc.) 54D
get 011 /pw (m ete. (phra
al verbs)
107-108. Appendix 6-7
onelones 74-
opposite 102B
or 10
)13


ought to 33F
our 59.61
ours ()o-() I
ourselves ()2
out
out (?f 103
go out I put out etc. (phrasal verbs)
107-10S, Appendix G-7
over 1 03
c/il-n/) ewer I kuork <WCI' (phrasal
verbs) 107-1 OR, Appendix 6-7


pair (apairi
f...) 6513
passive 21-22,2313, Appendix 1
present simple (is (!tn/c) and past
simple (l,/'{I:I dOl!-fj 21
prc
('nt continuous (is brill,{! done)
.md present pelfect (has /Jcen
done) 22
will/ccln/mu.'it (etc.) bt ilone
Appendix 1.2
past (preposition) 103
past continuous (was /WCfC + -il
g)
13-14, 23A, SUC
past continuous (I was d()it-
d and
past simple (l diiQ 14
pa.'it continuous
Mssive
Appendix 1.1
past participlc (dc{med / (lone /S{'ffl
ete.) 24A
present perfect (I have rlt.'afu'{l) 15,
23C
passi ve (the room l.l'a
 d('ellled)
21-22, 2313, Appt'l1dix 1
regubr (cI(,d/lfd) Jl1d irregubr (s('('n)
24B, Appendix 2-3
past perfect .
He .'wid he "'lft (dcJllc sOIflc.'thingj 49
active and passive Appendix 1. 1
past sinlple (did/cleaNed/sawete.)
11-12
negative (didn't...) 12,4213
questiom (ilid ...?) 12, 43B
IlJas IUJuc 1 U
regular (dl'i1I/.{'(1) Jnd irreb'1.1l.1r verbs
(Sm.I!)] 1 C, Appendix 2-3
past simple -I- ({Qo 1913
past simple (I di(Q and present
perfcct (l harlc done) 20
past simple (l ditO and pLlst
COllliuuOliS (1 was doitW) 14
past. simple passive (the fOom was
deaned) 21, 23D, Appendix 1.1
If + past simple (!{ I had I ifn p ('
Ulent) 112
people 65C-D
persol1i.tl pronouns (JIm£' IY0l-l etc.)
5R, () 1


The /lumbers arf unit numbers (not pl1.f!e H/I111bc'-\J.




persuade (per .'I II tide sOll1eboily to . . .)
5213
phrasal verbs (!.?tt lip / put 011 ete..)
107-10K, Appendix 6-7
plural (all' ---1 (/./1'5 / I"t"W1"1 -7 nll'1"l de..)
65
police (plural) (51)
possessive adjectives (tny /yollrillis
ctc.) 59. 61
possessive pronouns
(mine /yow:o;;/his de.) 60 61
prefcr 5-1 C-I )
prepositions YG-1 ()()
(It lon/ill (tin}(
) 96
for/sillrc 19, 97
u/1til ()7 A-B
b
/('rc/41cr /d/lri1-

 /lI'hi/e tjR
in Ii.ll/on (places) 99-1. 00
/.O!in/at (places) 101
on 9(),99 100, 102A, 104A
csf 9(), 99-10 I, HHD
r.mdl'rlhchilld/oppositc ete.
(position) 102
l-/p/()Jlcr!thrm
'l:IJ etc. (movement)
1.03
by 102C, 104C
l.1'ithhuithout 1(41), IOSB
a/Jolll .1 04 E
prepositions + -ill;\? (in -ing /
withoul -il
!! etc.) 9(;1), IOSB
;}cljective + prepositions ((!(raid of
ete.) 105A
verb + preposition (lislcll W / fllllit
for ete.) 106
prepositions at the end (J.--Vlw is she
talkin.f! to?) 45
prepositions in relative clauses (tlI('
11"1(111 she is (alkin;f!. to) [[ 4n
present continuolls (am/is/are
+ -;,.
!!) 3-4, 23A, 50C
ncgatl\Tc (I'm not -it-

) :)
questions (I.lre )Iou -iug?) 4
ptl'scnt continuOllS U am doing)
and present simple (f do) R
present continllous passive 22A,
Appendix 1.1
present continLIoU
 for the filtl1n:
(HIIlllt are }}()U doin}! (0I1wrYOlP?)
26
presellt perfcct (l/u/lJe done) 1.5-20,
23C
present perfect + j,L.;f 16A
present perfect + already 16B
present pcrfect + yet I6C, 94D
J-](II'(, you CIJ('f . . .? 17
gonc and hem l7C
HOllJ lOlj.
 Jldllf YOIi . . .? 18
present perfect +for/sin-(e U;-19


present perfect continuous (J lu1l'c
been -illg) 1 RD
present perfect (l hew£' dOlu') and
past. simple (l did) 20
present perfect passive 2213,
Appendix 1. I
regular and irregul.1r verhs 1 SB,
24, Appendix 2-3
present sin1ple (l flJork / sIll' u 1 0rks
de.) 5-7, 23D
llegative (dol/'f/doesn't) 6, 42B
questions (dolt/ors ...?) 7, 4313
presellt simple + aboa}'s /IIHl{il/y /
1"lCller ete. SC
present silnple (l d( 1 )
l1ld present
cont.inuolls (I am doiIJ}.!) R
present simple passive (fh(' reJoIn
is tleallfd) 21, 23 B,
Appendix 1.1
present simple ((n' the future CJ1IC
(()fu:at S(l,lns (/t 7. JO.) 26C
present sirllple after lI
h('1l.!whilc etc.
110B
present simple after!.f III U
prolnise (pnnn;se (0 ...) 51 A
pronouns
personal pronouns (lInlc/}'OII ete.)
58, (j 1
possessive pronouns (miru'/Y(Jw:,;
etc.) 00 61
reflexive pronouns (mysc!fI}'lHlrse!r
ctc.) ()2
olle /OIlCS 74
relative pronouns (wlw/wlsidlltJlflt)
1-13-1 (;1,


put
put something in. .. .1 03
put, on / put O/.lt ete. (phras,ll verbs)
108, Appendix 7


questions 43--4(;
ll1"11 /is/arc...? 2
do/does ...?(presentsimple) 7, 4?,B
did...? (past simple) 12, 43B
r-Vhy dOll 't ...? i I+!hy iSH't ... ? ete.
rl3C
IVho SllW you? / 1--1--'ho did you see?
44
preposition .it the end (J-Vho is she
talking to?) 45
J,'I/1wt / J-Vhich liioll' . . . ? 46
flow Im
f! docs it take? 47
Do }Iou know where .. . ? (clubcdded
questions) 4}:!
reply questions (l-lal/c you? / Arc
you? et.e.) 40A
question tags (... do you? I ... i.m)t
i(? ere) 40n


'17u' fJ.1-tmbas ,Ire unit n,uwbers (nof pll<
f nwubt'B).


...


INDEX


rcflcxivc pronouns (m }'sr!/iyolII:,;c!f
ete.) ()2
regular and irrcgular verbs 11,
24" Appcndi x 2-3
relative clauses I'j 3-114
relative pronouns (u.4l0/which /that)
113-114
reply questions (HflV(, you? l Are
}'ml ?) 40 A
reported speech
He said that. .. lIle wId III£' that.. .
49
/-1(' told me' to ... S2C
right (orJ the ri;?ht)] 02A
rOllnd 103
turn roulld / show I"cnJ1ld (phrasal
verbs) 107-108. Appendix 7


's (apostrophe's) 6.1, Appendix 4.5
santc 6913, 88E
say/said
/-It said that... (reported speech)
'1-9
S(I}' .t11d tell 4<)B
shall 2RD,29C
short forlns (/'m / it's / YO/I'pf de.)
Appcndi'C 4
should 33
silnple past sce past sitnplc
silnple prcsent see present sill1ple
since 1
)A. 97C
singular and plural (llot.l 1 ('f

Jlou.'er..;) ()5
so
so 1,111"1 f / so do ] etc. 41 U
I H!(IS tired, so I 'went It) brd. 109
sonle
Sllmc and a/I-m 66-67
some and {In}' 75
SOIllC (cd) HO
SOIl] ebod y / SOI11conc/ sOIt1C't'hing!
SOI11cwhcrc 75. 78
sonletilnes
S()lllflimes -1- presellt simple 5C
\\1ord order 93
sorry (sorry {,{'II/ll Jl1d son1'.I()r) 1 USA
spcak (to) .I 06A
spclling Appendix 5
start (stlsrt to ...
Hld shift -iIJg) 51 C
still 94
word order 93
stop (stop -ing) S 113
suggest (slIggest -illg) 51 B
superlative (flu' h(r:,(!,cs( / tile tIIetst
rX/Jfnsil't' l'tc.) H<J


tags (questioll tags) 40B
take (lloU' IOII;f.? docs it take?) 47


l2
9 J




INDEX


talk (to) I06A
tell/ told
He told me Ihat ... 4€J
lell and say 4
J13
ClUJ you tell me whcn'
 ...? 4RA
He told me to ... 52I

tenses
active and passive Appcndix 1. l
prcscnt continuous (I am doillg)
3-4. 23A, 2(), 50C
present simple (.I do) 5-7,23D,
26C
p
lst simple (l (U,D 11-12,14, 20,
2JD
p.1.st continuous (1 W
lS doillJ:)
13-14, 23A, 50C
present perfect (I hafJe (lo1l<
)
15-20,23C
be/luwe/do in present and past
tcnses 23
than H7-H8
that 73
He sailJ tlldt ... (reported speech)
49C
that and this 73
a thing that. .. (relative clauses)
113
the ()f{-72
the and a/an 68
the sanlf 69B
the sun I the sky ete. 69C
the cinema / the theatre / the bank
etc. 7011
Jlowas / [hef1owers 71B
tile in names of places 72
the !J(ggl'st / 111<' nwst cxpclIsh'e ete.
R9
their 5Y,61
theirs 60. 61
them 58,61
thelnselves 62
there
then' is / are 36
there was/were 37 A
there has/hmJe been 3713
there !,vill be 37C
theY(.' is
(nd it is 36B
these 73
think (think ahout / think (?f) 106A
this 73
those 73
through 1 03
till (= lInti
 97D
to
time 97 A
p1.lCes 101. 103
go to ... 54A,101A
.'atft to ... 55C, 101C


1300]


to -I- infinitive (to .i?O / to [,l' ete.) see
infinitive
too 91
too and citlu'r 41A
tum (turn fOund / tHm em etc.)
(phrasal verbs) 107-1 OH,
A ppelldix 7


uncountable nouns
(salt Iwata/music: ete.) 66-67
under 102D. 103
until 97 A-B, 11 DB
up 103
<-'!.et lip / pick tip etc. (phrasal verbs)
107-108, Appcndix 6-7
us 58,61
used (1 IISCl) 10 ...) 25
usually
lIsually -I- present simple SC
word order 93


verbs
present tenses 1-9, 23, 26
past tenses 10-14, 20, 23
present perfect 15-20,23
passive 21-22, Appendix 1
reguJar and irreb'ular verbs 24,
Appendix 2-3
futnre 2()-29
modal verbs (will/ran/sllOuhl ete.)
')0_"2 -
 ()A
.....0 _"}J, J
negatives 42
questions 43-46
reportcd specch 49
verbs -I- -in<
 50--5 1
verbs -I- tt) ... (infinitive) 50-52
verbs + preposition (look at / speak
(0 etc.) 106
phrasal verbs (get lip / put Oil etc.)
107-10R, Appendix 6-7


wait (for) 53C, IO()A
want
Wllf/,( to .,. 5 1 A
l,mnt somdJody to . .. 52A
was/were 10
l./!ds/r.vcre -I- -ill/!, (past continuous)
13, 23A, SOC
was/were done (passive) 21,23B
there was/were 37 A
if I HNIS /wcre ... 112B
well 85D


were see was
what
f,Vhaf .. . ? and H1w ...? 44C
Hllwt ... like? 45B
vVhat ...? 4()
rVlwt ...? and J,Vhirh . . .? 4(jC


whcn 110
wilen
11ld {( 1 J 1 C
whether 4SC
which
IVhidl ...? 4()
IVlli{1I ...? and J-Vllat ...? 46C
f.Vhid, one/ones? 7413
a thin<
 which. .. (relative clauses)
113
while 9t3, I 10
who
f."1/1w ...? 44
II pcrSorl. wlw ... (rclati ve clauses)
113
whose (l+'/lOS(' is III is 1) 60 J)
will 28-2 C )
f./lill and s],al/ 28D, 29C
lI/on't 2KA
tllcre will be 37C
with/without 104D
with /r.l'ir/lOl.ll -I- -in;! 103 B
won't (= will 11M) 2RA
word order
questions 43-45
. .
present contJIlLIons questions
413
present simple qucstions 7H
past simple qucstions 12])
p<lssivc 21-22
Do you know where...? (embedded
questions) 4&
verb + object 92A
pLlce and time 92D
always lusllal/y /(!!tftl ete. 93
after gi1JC /Icnd /send de. 95
worse 86D
worst 89B
would
I'd like / l./lould }'Oll like? 35
uJOuld likc//OIJ(' / ete. 51 D
l-Je would 1m)' a car !fhe fwd (h('
n/onC}'. 112
write (to) 106A


yet 94
yff + present perfect 16C
you 58,61
your 59,61
yours 60-61
yourself/yourselves 62


71-,(, IU'l1ubn:..:: ar{' unit Humbers (not p{

e IU/1"llbns).




,""':


Essential Grammar in Use'


With answers . Second Edition
A self-study reference and practice, book for elementary students.,


,
Essential Grammar in,. Use is'a grammar reference and practice book
.', .
for elementary learn
rs. Modelled on Raymond Murphy's highly
s-uccessful iotermfdiate level English Grammar in Use, it concentrates
on areas of grammar normally taught at elementary level.


. Easy to use:'
on each left-hand page a grammar point is explained
," and on the facing pages there are exercises to check understanding.
. Clear explanations: grammar for elementary learners is explained in
simple language with ma'ny examples and attractive illustrations.
. Accessible: the clear contents list and inaex of grammatical items
make it easy for learners to select the units they need to study.
"'I ..
. Additional exercises: thes
 offer extra practice of grammar points
from different units.
. Appendices: these.useful references deal with tenseS', irregular
verbs, short forms, spelling and phrasal verbs.
. Self-study: the book can be used by learners working independently
or as supplementary.course material.
. Key: this contains, the answers to all exercises.


...


, "
.


/
f
(: aFaifabfe: Essential Grammar i
 Use Su.pple . entary Exercises
Cambridge Essentiai E"gUsh J:ictionap;
English GranU11ar in Use Thi .<.Edition
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P.:J CAMBRIDGE
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'
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ISBN 0-521-55928-6


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