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HbIX, HO Ii COBeTCKIfX aBTopOB He HaXOlI.lf.TIOCb
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OKeaHOM H ueHTpaJIbHO-a3I1aTCKH1 H8ropbeM,
MeLKl(Y YpaJIO1 H THXHM OKeaHOM.
113 UIITIfpOBaHHbIX Bblme YKa3aHliH K. MapKca
11 11. B. CTaJIIiHa CJIe.n.yeT, tITO IIMeHHO 3.!l:eCb
nepe.rr. COBeTCKHm HCCJIe.lI.OBaTeJIHMII, pa60TalO-
IltIlM!I B 06JIaCTH nepB06bITHOH apxeo.lonHl, OT-
KpbIBalOTCH HOBbIe IIIHpOKHe ropH30HTbI H YB.ne-
KaTe.nbHbIe nepcneKTIIBbI, ooraTeHIIIlle, HO eme
HellcnO.TIb30BaHHble B03l\W}KHOCTH.
l'i3yqaH ,iI,peBHeHIIIHe naMHTHIiKII KYJIbTypbI
ceBepHOH A3IfH, COBeTCKHH HcCJieJI.OBaTe.TIb IIMeeT
Bce Heo6xo.lU-fMOe JJ:JIH Toro, tJro6bI BnepBI:>Ie
1 Cp., HanpHMep. YHHBepCHTeTCKHe KypCbl B. H. PaB1J.O-
HHKaca «I1CTOpHH nepBo6blTHoro 06ll{eCTBa» » A. B. Apu.n.
XOBCKoro «BBe.'I.eHHe B apxeO.lIOfHlO»,
J -4:'H3l3eCTHR». 13 anpe:m 1948 r.. M 87 (6917).
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npouecc B 3TOM QaCTH COBeTCKOro COlO3a C OT-
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Ii KOHKpeTHocTH.
OH MO}KeT TeM caMblM HCHO II v6e.n.IITellbHo
oJ
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B npolII",loM fl.1zeI\feH8 Hamero CeBepa BOBce He
,..
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l1TO OHH He CTOSI.iIlI Ha MeCTe, a npoxo.n.H.TIH
onpe.n.eleHHbIH HCTOPHQecKIfH nYTb, nO-CBoeMY
60raTbIM, C.'lO>KHbIM H HacbIlI.I.eHHbiM COObITHHMH.
OR MO}KeT TaK>Ke B nOJIHOH: Mepe BbISIBIITb xa-
paKTep If 06'beM opIfrHHaJIbHOrO BKJIa.ll.a 3TIIX
n.TJeMeH If Hapo.rr.oB B KYJIbTYPY II HCTOpHIO opaT-
CKHX HapO.lI.OB COBeTCKoro COlO3a 14 TeM caMbIM
nOKa3aTb OOII.J.eHCTOpHtIeCKOe 3HaQeHHe 3Toro
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CTBa.
OH MO>KeT, c.ae.lI.OBaTeJIbHO, BO BceopYJKHH
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co CBOIIM cTapIIlIIM coopaTOM BbIW.n1l Ha IlHIpO-
KHH nYTb, Be..nYIllHH K CHHIOlI.I.IIM BbICOTaM KOM-
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THH, BCKpbITb IIX .lI.eHCTBIITe.TIbHOe 3HaqeHHe H
BHYTpeHHIIM CMbICJI. H naMHTHHKH HeOJIHTa H
paHHeM 6pOH3bI npH6aMKaJIbSl, KaK Y}Ke ObIJIO
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pa60TbI.
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CTBO naMHTHIfKOB cII6HpCKoro Heomna, OHM, TCM
ne MeHee, Bce em.e OCTaIOTCH CJIaOO H3yqeHHbIMH
II, TeM 60JIee, He.lI.OCTaTOQHO Hcno.nb30BaHHbIMH
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8
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LUeH 3nOXH - na.'1eG.1UITlIl1eCKOH.
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LUlIe IJ:epTbI KYJIbTYpbl Ii 6bITa naneOJIIiTHqeCKIIX
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HaH nOCJIej],OBaTeJIbHOCTb OCTaB.1JeHHbIX RMH na-
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?owrYT n03TOMY CJIY>KIITb' npol1Hoil OCHOBOll .J.J1H
lICTOpIlIJ:eCKOrO IICCJIej],OBaHnH.
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BOl'O HJIII >KeJIe3HOrO BeKa MOl'YT 6b1Tb 3jI.eCb
conOCTaB.TIHbI C .n.PyrHMH H n03TOMY, TaK HJIH
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qeCKOIl CBH3H.
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Koro aHaJlll3a ,J.aHHbIX BMeCTe C MaTeplIaJIaMiI
O;J.HOBpeMeHHbIX noce.llerun1 KaK HCTOpHIJ:eCKOrO
IICT1:IHHKa ,'J,JIH 06II.J.HX HCTOpUl1eCKHX nOCTpo-
eHI:m:. 3
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6HpH, B COCe;I.HHX C 3a6aHKaJIbeM H l\1.IIHVCIIH-
CKlIM paMoHo1 Tae>KHbIX OOJlaCTHX npIl6aMKa,;IbH
TaKoe Tpe60BaHlie ObI.TIO .ll.0 CHX nop HeBbITIO;YHH
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f. n. COCHOBCKoro «na..leo..1HTH1JeCKHe CTOSlHKH ceBepHoH
A3I11I» (Tp. II Me>KllYHap. KOHcpep. ACCOI.t.lIaI,Um no H3VG.
qeBepTn1JH. nepno.u;a EBpom. BbIn. V, 1934). J
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II no HCtlepnblBalOw.eH IIO.'IHOTe pa60TbI M. n. fpSl3HoBa
no THnO.'10nm 6pOH30BbIX }IIfHYCHHCKHX Ke.IJbTOB It Kapa-
CYKCKHX KIIH>Ka.lIOB.
3 Ha IIepBOM Mecre 3lI.eCb CJ1e..:lyeT, KOHetlHO, OTMenlTt--
o606w.mow.ylO MOHorpacpHtleCKYIO pa60TY C. B. K II C e-
.1 e B a «llpeBHHSI HCTOpHH IO>KHOH CHOHPH» (MaTep U
HCc.1e.a:. no apxeO:IOrHU CCCP, BblII. 9, M., 1949. - CM.
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na.'1e03THo.lIOrHtleCKHe HCc.lJe)lOBaHHH B .L\lHHyciIHCKOt
Kpae. 3THorp. 3Kcn. roc. PYCCK. :\1Y3eH. 1926, CTp. 88-93;
o H >K e. !lpeBHHe norpe6eHuSi B 1\lw-IycHHcKoM Kpae.
MaTep. no 3THorpacpHII, T. III, 8bln. 2, 1927; 0 H >K e.
OnblT K.'IaCClUpHKaI.t.HU .u;peBHux MeTaJIJ1IitJecKUX K)'JIbT\'P
MUHYCUHCKOro KpaH. MaTep. no 3THorpacpuu T IV
bln. 2, v 1929. - C. B. K H C e .'1 e B. -"laTepua.1b1' apeoJIo:
J HtJeCKOH 3KCIIe;UfI.t.HII B M.JIHYCP.H":Kui'i Kpaii B 1 q')R r
E>Kero;J.H. foc. .M.HHYCHHCK. MpeH, T. VI. 1929: 0 ;1--jK e:
TarapcK3sr KY.'1bT'ypa. Tp. CeKu. apxeo.10rim HUCT_
apxeoJ10rHil II UCKyccTB03HaHHSI, PAHHOH, 1928; 0 H >K e.
Pa3JI0>KeHUe plla U cpeo.J.a.TIU3M Ha EHlIcee. 113B.
fAI1MK. Rbm. 60, 1933.
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ony6.1JHKOBaHIIR nepBbIX CBe;J.eHHH 0 paCKonKax
H3BeCTHOro KIITOHCKoro MOrHJIbHHKa.
Eo.TJee TOrO, IICC.1Je.nOBaHHH naMHTHI1KOB HeO-
.1IITa, apxeO.l0rlI1:IeCKHe ny6.TIIIKaUHH c06paHHbIX
cpaKTOB II BbIBOJJ.OB JI3 HHX pe3KO OTCTaJIII OT
paCKonOK H OT aHTponOJIOrHl1eCKHX pa60T. llaBHo
yx<:e ony6J1HKOBaHbI II BOllIJIII B HaYKY 06rn.He
CBe;r.eHHH 0 KOCTHbIX OCTaTKaX 1:IeJIOBeKa 113 MHO-
nIX HeO.1HTH.l1eCKHX norpe6eHHH, a HaKOnJIeHHbIM
apxeO.l0rHl1eCKIIM MaTeplla.iI, caMIi no ce6e .lI.0-
6bITbIe apxeOJIoram: cpaKThI- HHBeHTapb 3TIIX
norpe6eHHH II .lI.HeBHHKH paCKonOK, T. e. .n.OKV-
'IeHTa.TIbHaH 6a3a Bcex nOCTpoeHHM, Bce eui.e
He CTaJ1H .LJ.OCTORHHeM HaYKII. B aHTpOnOJIOrlIqe-
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opaH HCnOJIb30BaHHbHI aHTponOJIOraMII MaTe-
plla.rr, ern.e He BHeC.1H CBoero nponopUIIOHaJIbHOrO
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:\IHTHIIKa:\IH HeOJIHTa. 1
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. ;
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CTpeM.lleHlleM 3anO.1HIITb B KaKOM-TO Mepe 3TOT
p06eJI H onpe.rr.e.1JHeTCH lI.e.TIb HaCTOHllleH pa-
OOTbI.
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OrpaHUl1eHUe Hl\IeeT J:tOCTaTOl1HO BeClme OCHOB8-
HUH.
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CTHbIX ceHt.Jac K BOCTOKY OT YpaJIa, .lI..ilH MHorpa-
cpHl1eCKOrO HCCJIe.II.OBaHHH, CTaBHLUero 1lIIipOKHe,
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a3uaTCKHX peK: AHrapo- EHllceH, JIeHbI, CeoileHrlI.
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',IHHH .tJe.TIOBe:a U 6blTa, anpe.'Ib 1929 r.). CeB. A3UH.
1\_ 4 (16). 19_7. crp. 96-98; 0 H >K e. AHTp;JnOJIOrHllecKHi'i
COCT':iB Hace.'IeHUSI npu6aiiKa.'IbH B 3IIOXY n03.i1.HerO Heo-
.'UlTa. PYCCK. 3HTpOnO..'I. >KYPH., T. XIX, N'! 1-2. 1930;
o H >K e. Eme pa3  6e.'IOKypOH pace B UeHTpaJIbHOH
A3HH. COB. A3HH, oN'! 5-6, 1931; 0 H >K e. PaCOBble
TlinbI MUHYCUHCKoro KpaSi B 3noxy p0.10BOrO CTpOR.
.\HTpono.1. >KypH., 1932, .i\"2 2. - 51. 51. P 0 r J{ H C K U if
MaTepua.lbl K aHTpoIIoJlornu T}'HrycoB CeB. npH6aiiKa.1bSl:
AHTpOnOJI. >KYPH., 1935, .N''! 3. - f. <1>. .D. e 6 e I.t.. Da.leo-
aHTpono.10rHSi CCCP. Tp. MHcT. 3THorpacpBH AKaJl.. HaYK
CCCP, T. IV, M.-.n., 1948.
BBEJIEHHE
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TypaMlf, KaK ceBepo-KHTaMcKaH THna SIHIIlao HJIH
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<KY.lbTypa». Kp. Co06I4. I1HMK (KCHHMK), 3bIn. XXIX,
1949, CTp. 45-46. - 0 H a >K e. Heo.1IITHQeCKlIe Ky.IJbT\"Ob!
CE"Bepa EBponeikKoH "IaCTH CCCP. COB. ::lpXeo.'Ior. (tA).
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Tp. foc. I1cTopnll. MY3eH, BbIn. IX. M.. 1940. - 0 H }!{ e.
Be.'IeBC!<aH HeOJ1HTIiQeCKaSf KyJIbTypa. KCI1I1MK.
BbIn. XIV, 1947.
2 A. n. 0 K.'1 a 11 Ii II K 0 B. Apxeo.lIorullecKlIe LJ:ailIibIe
o JJ:peBHeHlllen IICTOpl1l1 npu6aHKa.lJbSf.. BecTH. !IpeBH.
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Heo.1HTHllecKHe na:\tHTHHKH KaK HCTOI.JHHK no 3THorOlUm
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THorpa$., 2. 1950, CTp. 36-.'52.
11
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n e s. Geschichte und I\ritik prahistorischen Kulturperio-
den. ,\1.itt. Anthrop. GeseJ1sch. in Wien, 23, 1893,
CTp. 71--78. - O. M 0 n tel ius. Det nordiska Treperiods-
systeme. Syenska Fornmynnes. Tidskrift, XII, Bhln. 2.
1904, CTp. 185-211. - S. Mull e r. ordische
Altertumskunde, I, CTp. 217 H CJT.
2 Archiv fiir Anthropologie, I, CTp. 45. - Joh. 0 est e r-
I i n g. De umis sepulchralibus et armis lapideis veterum
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rlfH POCCHH. 1\c,\feHHbIli nepHO!l., L M., 1881. - f. 0 t5 e p_
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archaologischen Perioden. Verhandl. d. Berlin. Anthrop.
GeselIseh., 1885, CTp. 263-267; 1881, CTp. 320.-
E. R aut e n b erg. Beitrag zu dE-n Erorterungen fiber
den Priaritatsstreit in BeUreff der Entdeckung der
prahisto!"ischen Kuliurperioden. Yerhandl. d. Berlin.
Anthrop. Gese11sch., 1885, CTp. 551-553. - U 11 d set.
Zur Geschichte den Lehre von den drei Perioden.
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Geschichte des dreiperiodensystems. TaM >Ke, 1886,
('Tp. 357-367. - G. K 0 s sin a. Zum Dreiperiodensystem.
.\\annus, II, 1910. CTp. 310.-H. .M.otefindt. Das
Dreiperiodensystem. Ein JubiIeums-beitrag zur Geschichte
der prahistorischen Forschung. Mannus, II, 1910,
CTp. 299.
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s TaM e, CTp. 74.
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K Ii3,IT.e.'1HHM .1IO;r.eH. Ka:\IeHHoro BeKa 113 CH6IIpH
BCell.e.l0 pa3.lI.e.IJSI.1I ;r.pyroM Yl1aCTHMK TOM :iKe 3KC-
ne,QHll.IIH, OJJ.HH H3 BbI,J,alOllUixcH HaTypa.;JHCTOB
XVIII B. 11. f. r:\'lelI1H, KOTOpbIH, KaK y}Ke OTMe-
l1a.TJOCb BHal1a..le, eme B 1730 r. .!I.OCTaT01:lHO SICHO,
XOTH H B 011eHb OCTOpO}KHOM <popie, BbIpa31I.'1
yoe1K.rr.eHlle, 1:ITO HaHJ1.eHHble Ha J1aJI.O}KCKOM
1 B. P a .1 0 B, TaM e, erp. 12L
2 TaM )f{e, CTp. 121. - r. <1>. .\1 H.'1.'1 e p. J1erupliH
CH6npu. M.-Jl.. 1937, crp. 322.
3 r. 4>. l\l I1.;"f.;"f e p. OnHcaHHe MOpCKHX nYTeIlleCTBlili
r,o JIe.:r:OBurOlIY :\fOplO, C POCCUHCKOH CTOpOHbl yqUHeHHbIX.
«COqHHe:-nUI II nepeBO.J.br, K IIO.::rb3e Ii YBece.1eHlllO c.'1V)f{a-
LL{He», ceHTHopb, 1758, crp. 218. - Cp.: JI. C. E e p r.
OTKpbITHe Ka:vIQaTKH H 3Kcne.J.HUIIH EepuHra. 1725-
1741. .1.. .1935, CTp. 233.
-l A. III J[ e u e p. HecTop, 1. 1809, crp. 106. 107.-
[. C. IT a .1 .1 a c. PaccY.>K.J.eHHH 0 cTapuHHbrx PYilHbi},
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1780 r., q. V, CTp. 312-337. - H. E a K:\I e ii C T  p.
OnbfT 0 6u6.'1HOreKe Ii Ka6!fHeTe pe.n.KocTeH II ncropHII
H8rypa.'lbHoii CIT6. liMn. AKa.rr.eHIH HaYK, CIT6., 1779,
CTp. 181. - H. I) O.:} T II H. npnIeQaHHSI ria nCTopHIO .'I.peB-
HHH n HblHeWHHH Poccmr r. JIeK.'1epKa. COQHHeHHbIH reH.-
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108, 146.
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CTp. 113. .
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H II K a c. HCTOpHH rrepB06bIT:iOrO 06ll1.eCTBa, I, I'bit. lIfY.
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;1a.TJbHefilllBro, CK..l0HHJIIICb B TY CTOPOHY, OTKY;I.a
1 l\tusei Imperialis Petropolitani, vol. I. Pars tertia
qua continentur res naturales ex regno mirer.ali.
St.-P., 1745. - 0 HeI: .\. f e 6 e.1 b. 0 Ki:1Ta.10rax .\1u-
Ht:pa.orHqeCKOrO MY3eH AKa.J.eMHH HaYK, COCTaB.:JeHHbrX
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KH. III, Cn6., 1866. CTp. 62-63. - IT. n e K a pc K Ii ii.
I1CTopHH H!>mepaTopcKoH AKaeMHIi HaYK B ITerep6ypre,
1". II, Cn6., 1873, CTp. 318-319. - B. A. r ° p 0 Jr. U 0 fl.
YK. COq., CTp. 80-81.

20
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21
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)Ke oiIlIcaHHU nVTellIeCTBH5I f}le.TJIIHa II .N1HJ!epa
no Cn611pH, COCTaB.TIeHHOM fMe.rIHHbUI. rOBOpIITC5J
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I3cnOMHHTb G:TO «COKpaIlletIHOP nOBeCTBOB2-
-  u 
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ueHTpllpYIOTCH eJ,Ba .rrii He HaH60JIee 60raTble
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fipM pacnaWKe KOTOpbIX KpeCTbHHe elIJ.e H B Ha-
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CTpe.JbI», T. e. W.1Hq,OBaHHbIC TonopbI 1I3 3e.iIeHoro
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BO BpeMeHa Pa1I.HllleBa, Kor..rJ.a cn..l0l1IHaH pac-
naIIlKa 113,L\aBHa 3ace.leIlHbIX l1e.!IOBeKO:\1 rrplI-
6pe}l(HbIX yqaCTKOB no 6eperaM I1JIHMa eIIle
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6bl.10 BO BCHKOM cYl1ae He IeHbllIe, l1e)I B XIX-
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o HaXO.LI:K8X K8JfeHHblX TonopoB If HOlKeR BO.1U3H
cn6npcKIIx peK, KOTopoe u.e.'IHKOI npUHa.1.1eMIIT
Ca)IQMV Pa.rr.UII.J.eBy H SIB.'IHeTCH BbIBO.n,OM 113 ero
.1Hl1HbI cn611pCKUX Ha6.1IO;:I:eHHiL
UeHHOCTb HaO.,llO;:I:eHlIli Pa.!lHIIleBa onpe.J.e-
. ,
.'1HeTCH y}Ke Te:\f, 'lITO cpe.J.H Bcex ClIonpCKIIX
apxeO.1JOrHl1eCKIIX naMHTHHKOB B TO Bpe!\fH Hall-
60.1JbllIeii nonymlpHocTblO nO.lb30Ba.l1HCb MOHY-
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II BbICOKOM XYllO>KeCTBeHHOM cpaHTa3HH. Pe.rrKlle
Mor.'lli B TO Bpe:\15I B03BbICIITbC5I .10 nOIlW\I8HM51
:J:eMCTBIITe.TIbHOi,i HaYl1HOM neHHOCTH TaKHX rpyoblx
n HeBbIpa3HTe1bHb1X Haxo.rr.OK. He:\IHorH1 OT.:m-
l1alOIIlHXCH OT rrpOCTbIX peqHbIX Ba.7IYHOB, KaK 3TH
III.1JHcpOBaHHbIe TonopbI IT.ll! 066nTbIe HOLKH II
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,
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TaKlie HaXO;J:KII KaK Ha naMRTHIiKH HalI60.TIee
OT.Ja.aeHHoro npOUJ10ro cn6HpCKHX n.le:\feH.
lla1Ke TaKHe BbI!I.alOII.J.lleCH Y1.J:eHbIe-npoec-
CHOHa.abI Toro BpeMeHH, eCTeCTBOIICnbITaTeJIH II
HCTOpHKH no cnel\lIa.TIbHOCTII, KaK MII.TI.1Jep H rMe-
.1JHH, XOpOIlIO nOHHMaBIIllle, lITO «rpOMOBble
CTpe.:Jbl» HB.'I5!.lOTCH He l1eM IIHbIM, KaK 0pY;UIH:\1II
nepBo6bITHOrO 1:Ie.'IOBeKa, KOr,!la-TO 06InaBllIero
B CII6HpU, OrpaHlIl1HBaJIHCb B. CBOIfX TpY;:I:aX,
ca?\we 60.l1blllee, npocToM nonYTHoM KOHCTaTau.lleH
, ,
3Toro OOCT 05ITebCTBa nplI KaKO-JIHOO nOXOH
I A. H. A H II pee B. HeH3BeCTHblH TPY.1 A. H. Pa;J.H-
meBa 0 CH6HpiL COB. 3THorpaqJl!S!, 1947. .\'9 6-7.
err. 224-225.
IlI.ef c.1Yllae. OHn He IICnO.1Jb30Ba.rm 3;r.eCb ;J.a>Ke II
TPX nCK.llOl1HTe.1JbHbIX B031O>KHOCTell, KOTOpbIC
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;10BaHH5IX C. D. K:paweHIIHHHKOBa. DOC.'Ie.n.lmii
napIICOBa.::I T3KYIO MHBOIIJfCHYlO K3PTliH)' )KH3Hn
.1JlO;J:eH Ka:\leHHoro BeKa Ha KaI\ll1aTKe XVIII B.,
l1TO OHa ca:\la no ce6e lOr.:Ia BbI3saTb r.TIy60KuH
uHTepec K KaMeHHbIM OPy;:mH:\I .n:peBHHx 06HTa-
Te.rreM I01KHOH CH6upll H DpH6aiIKa.TJbH, rrpHBecTH
 ,
IfCC.lJe.LI;OB8Te.leH K Hecp8BHeHHo oO.'Iee IIIHpOKI1f
0606II.J.eHH5I)1 H BbIB01I.aL
Ho HU HaTypa.TIHCT fte.TIHH, HM cneunaJIIICT
tlCTOpHK lvlH.TJ.TJep He CMorln nO.J.H51TbCH ,1.0 TaKoH
nOCTaHOBKH Bonpoca.
PaLI.HlIJ.eB 6bI.l nepBbl:'vI, KTO c;r.e.,la.l T3KHe Bbl-
u ,
no;r,bI H B nO.'IHOH Mepe Oll.eHH.l Ba}l(HOCTb no;J,Oo-
HbIX HaXO;:I:OK )I,.iJ5!. HCTOpHH CIIOHpH.
Pa;J.HIIleB 6bI.TI nepBbI:'vi, KTO TaK np51l\lO H onpe-
,lI,e.leHHO BbICKa3a.'I y6e1KiI.eHlIe, 1:ITO Ha TeppUTO-
plfH ClIonpH CHal1a.aa ObJ.i1 Ka1\1eHHbIH BeK, 38
KOTOpbIM nOC.l1e;J:OBa.l0 Bpem IlIHpOKoro npH:\Ie-
HeHIIH Me;J.HbIX n 6pOH30BbIX OpY1I.MM, a 3aTe:\-}
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IJHC.1JE' «MorO.'Ibll.eB» YUHrllc-xaHa II nx nOTotKOB,
ynoTpe6.TIHBmIIX, KaK XOpOIlIO 3Ha.rr Pa.lI.HII.J.eB,
YMe He Me.n.Hoe, a }Ke.1Je3HOe opYLKlIe II TaKne Me
0pYlI.IIH TpY;I.a.
PaCCMaTplIBaH OT;:J.a.1JeHHOe npow.iloe cn6up-
CKHX n.neMeH, Pa;:uIlIJ.eB, c.leJI.OBaTe.'IbHO, co cBoM-
cTBeHHoM e:\IY IlIlIpOTOM IICTOpIIl1eCKOrO Kpyro-
30pa II C:\le.l0CTbiO MbIC.'11I BnepBble nOKa3a.TI ero
He KaK 6ecnOp5I1I.01IHOe Harpo:\wLK.n,eHlIe cY1:laM-
" ..,. t..
HbIX COObITHII. a B BII;:I:e CTpolIHoro HCTOplI1.J:eCKOrO
npoll.ecca. lIpeBHHH HCTOplIH Cn611pH, 0 KOTOpOH
MOJI1:IaT IIIICbMeHHble nCTOqHHKII, BnepBbIe 6bIoila
npeJI.cTaBJIeHa HM KaK rrOCJIe.n:OBaTeJIbHaH CMeHa
p5I.n,a nporpecclIBHbIX 31'anoB KY.1JbTYPHO-IiCTOpll-
1:IeCKOro pa3BHTHfl.
He MeHee Ba}KHO, qTO II.IITlIpOBaHHbIM TpY,TI. Pa-
;:I:llII.J.eBa HBn.1JCH, qero He no.n:03peBa.TI A. C. YBa-
pas, nepBbUf B PYCCKOH JJHTepaType neqaTHblM R3-
.J.aHHeM, r;r.e IIIJIa pe1:lb He TO.TIbKO 0 KaMeHHbIX
opY.lI.IIHX, HO, B cymHocTII, 0 Tpex BeJIHKHX KYJIbryp-
Ho-nCTOpHl1eCKIIX nepIIO;J.ax, caMoe CYIIl.eCTBOBa-
Hue KOTOpbIX 6bWO OKOHl1aTeJIbHO npll3HaHO eBpo-
neikKoH HaYKoM TOJIbKO nOCJIe BbIXO.lI.a B CBeT 113-
BecTHoM pa60TbI TOMceHa, .naTHpoBaHHOH: ]836 r. 1
.Me}K.n:y Tel\I, «CoKpaIII.eHHOe nOBeCTBOBaHHe. . .»
ObI.l0 BnepBble 113.n.aHO B PocclIfr eIII.e B ]8]] r.,
T. e. pOBHO 3a 1:IeTBepTb BeRa J:O KHHrlI TO:\lceHa.
HeTIb3H He Y.lllIBJISITbCH n03TOl\lY. l1TO 3aMel1aTeJIb-
Hble nO.iIO}KeHIIH, BbICKa3aHHbIe B CBoe BpeMH Pa-
lI.HllI.eBbIM no nOBO.rr.y apxeo.TIOrlitleCKHX na}I5!.THII-
KOB CH6I1PH. nponYIII.eHbI BO Bcex 6e3 IICKiII01:IC-
. "
HH5I TpY.lI.ax HamliX IICCJle)1.0BaTe.1JelI, nOCB5IIII.eH-
" "
HbIX npOIII.TIOIY PYCCKOII apxeOJIOrlIqeCKOH HaYKH
II HayqHOM MblCJIII Bo06II.J.e. 1:ITO Bce 3TH HCCleJI.O-
BaTe.TIII CTpaHHbIM 06pa30f npOllIml .nnw
B3r.:15i.n.OB P a.n.HIII.eBa.
I Tho m 5 e n. Ledetraad til nordisk Oldkynd:ghed.
KoneHrareH, 1836. (HeMeuKoe H3118HHe 3TOfJ pa60Tbl no.'1
Ha3BaHHeM «Leitfaden zur nordischen AltertumskulldeY>
.1.aTHpOB3HO 1837 r.).
4 OFt11a,!);HHRoB 1\. n.
Pa3jMeeTC5I, TPY.JHO KaTerOpnqeCKH YTBep-
fKIl3Tb, l1TO Pa,J.lIIIleB COBepllIeHHO Ca'toCT05!.-
TE'.::IbHO H He3aBIlCIDiO OT 3.pyrnx nCC.le:r.OBaTe.1Jeli
CBoero Bpe:\IeHH npl1We.ll K TaKII1 Ba>KHbl:\1 BbI-
BO.1aM, XOT5I 3TO If BnO.'IHe BepOHTHO. Dpn cBoeit
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IlCK.JlOl1HTe.JbHO IlIlIpOKOH oorn.elI oopa30BaHHOCTH
II pe,J.KOM pa3H006pa3I1M HaYl1HbIX IIHTepeCOB
Pa.J.lHIl.eB 110r, KOHetIHo, HaTb 0 EblllIe,J,llIeM
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l1aTeJIbHoM, no ee 60eBoM HanpaBJIeHHOCTH li 1:IeT-
KOCHr YCT8HOBOK, CTaTbeH: 8HOHIf!\fHOrO aBTopa
o «DepYHax, HJIII rpoMoBbIX CTpeJIax», ony6.aIfKo-
BaHHoM B «TIpIlMe1:laHHflx» K «CaHKT-DeTep6ypr-
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npHopHTeT B nO:I.TIHHHO HaYl1HOM OCBeII.J.eHIIII paH-
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B ynoMHHYTOi't pa60Te 0 npHCOelI.HHeHIIII CH6IIpn
K PYCCKO:\IY rocy.n.apCTBY npoCTo nOBTopH.l
B3rJIH.J.bI CBOHX npeJI.IIIeCTBeHHIiKoB Ha HCTOplIlO
CH6IIpCKHX nneMeH.
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HbIMIi teopeTllqeCKH}1H nO"!OLKeHIISBm 0 CMeHe
O.lI.HHX Ky.i1bTypHbIX 3TanOB .n:pyrHMI1. PaJJ.HII.J.eB 11

"26
q CTb 1. HCTOPlUI HCC-TJ.E;J:OBAHHfl ii XPOHO.TlOrIiR I1Al\1HTHHROB
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rr
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HIHO.
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TeJIbHO:\1 OTpbIBKe 113 «COKpameHHoro nOBeCTBO.-
BaHIISI. . . ». paCCMaTpHBaH KOTOpbIM MbI CHOBa
Mor.ll1 y6eJI.IITbCH B TOI, 1:ITO A. H. Pa.n.H-
meB H 3,lleCb CTpeMIITCH OOILICllHTb HCTOplllO
v v
KaK 3aKOHOMepHbIlI npouecc, HaUTH 3aKOHbI ee
.n.BII:>KeHHH. a TaK)Ke II B TO\f, t.ITO 3TOT IICTO-
pH3M .l{enCTBHTeJIbHO .n:eJIaeT ero B p5ur:e BonpOCOB
60.TIee np030p.TIIIBbIM, qe;\-I Mor.'I1i 6bITb ero npe)!,-
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HIIH KaMeHHoro BeKa POCCIIII. KaK TaKOBoro. TO
3.rr.eCb BaLKHO nO.lI.qepKHYTb, l1TO «COKpamCHHoe -
nOBeCTBOBaHlIe. . .» PallHmeBa 5IB.J:HeTCH nepBbIi\I
B PyccKOM :unepaType 113.rr.aHHeM, r.rr.e TaK npSIMo
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B npOIIIJIOM HapO.llOB POCClIH.
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YKpbI.nC5I OT B03MO:>KHbIX HenpHHTHocTeH aBTop
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cTaTbeii-naMepJIeTo:\l, HanpaBeHHoi1 npoTHB epeo-
..
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II XOJ(H1JIIX cyeBepHM, OH He nOCl\Ie.l nonlIcaTbCH
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:>KaHHO, l1TO He TO.'IbKO nOJ1HOCTbIO Cnp5ITaHO
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"
CKOII KOHlI.emtHII, HO H OCTaeTCH He5ICHbIM, l1TO :>Ke,
HaKOHell., TaKoe npe.ITCTaBHIOT C060H 9TII lapides
figurati.
«DOH3.'IIIBaH OCTOpO:>KHOCTb» fl\leJIHHa 6bI.13
3..rr.eCb TeM 011eBII.ITHee, IJ ro nlicaJI OH He Ha
PYCCKOM HJIH ,naJKe He Ha HeMell.KOf. a Ha :\fepT-
BOM .T'IaTHHCKOM 5I3bIKe, II B Cnell.llalbHOM 1I3..rr.a-
HHII. l{OcTynHoM TOJIbKO KpaMHe Y3KOMY Kpyry
06pa30BaHHbIX JIIo.n.eH - npocpeCCflOHaJIbHbIX
Yl1eHbIX.
He ymIBIITe.,'IbHO n03TO!\lY n TO 06CTOHTe.lb-
CTBO, IJTO HH B O.n.HO:\1 113 neq,aTHbIX C01:llIHeHIIH
MHJIJIepa, B KOTOpbIX 1131araIOTCH pe3y.TIbTaTbI
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CJIOBa 0 Ka!\-1eHHbIX 0pYJJ,IIHX H KaMeHHOM BeKe
3TOH CTpaHbI. TO.TJbKO .71I1Illb B CBoeM onHcaHIiH
CII6IIpCKOrO nYTeIIleCTBIIH, 113.lI.aHHOM B feTTHH-
reHe B 1752 r, rMeJIHH BnepBbIe II e.JIIHcTBeHHbIH
pa3 npHl\IO ynOJIHHaeT 0 KaMeHHbIX 0PY.lI.IIHX
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HX c06paTbeB - yeMell.KIIX npocpeccopoB XVIII B.,
CKopee, - HanpOTIIB.
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npOCTbiX II HeB3pal1HbIX BemeM KafeHHoro BeKa
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He TO.rlbKO ero YIJeHbIf npeJ],IIleCTBeHHHKaM B
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OUbIl1HO 1:IeCTb OTKpbITHH Tpex Be.miKUX K)'JIbTYP-
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T OMceHa. BbIBO)J.bI nOCJIe.rr.HUX BblpOCJIH, KaK H3-
BeCTHO, He 113 KaKIIX-.i11I60 llilIpOI<HX IICTOplIl1e-
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Toporo OHII C;:I.e.'laHbI.
B 3TOM l1aCTHO1 nplIMepe, He3Hal1lITeJIbHOM II
l\leJIKOlI;I C TOl1KH 3peHlIH 06mero HanpaBleHJ1f1
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H KamJe BO.lI.bI OTpa>kaeTCH MY:>KeCTBeHHbli.j
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OHlI.lIaJIbHNX npe.n.CTaBIITeJIeH aKaeMHl1eCKOH
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 -
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npOIIl.TJOM l1eJIOBeKa, HaXO;J.IIBIIlHeCH B npOTIIBope-
111m C 61I6JIeHcKoM Tpa.II:II11.lIeH II onI.J.Ua.TIbHOii
v '"
uepKoBHOH lI)J.eOJIOrlielI.
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,.. 
onpcKoll CCbI.TJKe, eC.TlH ObI OHO BbIIIl.'lO B CBeT npn
ero :>K1I3HH. Ho Pa..rr.HmeBY He CY:>K!I.eHO 6bI0
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OCTa.1lOCb ;1.0 1810 r. B pYKonHcII.
B 3ToM CB5I3H, on:HaKo, HeJlb3H .He OTMeTHTb II
Toro 06cToHTe.lbcTBa, 1:ITO B npOHBJleHHo:\f HHTe-
pece K KaMeHHbIl\I OPY.lI.llSIM, Raxon:H:\-fbIM B ClI-
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.1peBHeMIIleH Ky.'IbTYPbI cII6llpCKlIX HapO.II.OB. 06
3TOM CBII.lI.eTe.lIbcTBYIOT, HanplIMep. CBe.a:eHHH,
ony6.1HKoBaHHbIe A. IlleKaToBbII, aBTOpOl\I H3Be-
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.'lOM y HapO.il.OB CII6IIpH KaMeHHbIX OPY}J.HH, Tono-
pos II HaKOHe1:lHHKOB CTpeJI .lI.eHCTBHTeJIbHO 6NJIO
Y:>Ke ,J.OCTaTOIJHO IIIHpOKO pacnpocTpaHeHo cpe)l.1I
06pa30BaHHbIx PYCCKHX .TIIOlI.eH B KOHue XVIII B.
[1o.TIara5I, l1TO B 06JIacnJ Hepl1HHCKHX ropHbIx
3aBO.lI.OB LKHJIII «npe,llKIi HbIRe 1I3BeCTHbIX MYH-
raJIbCKIiX pO.lI.OB II EX OTpacJIeii», A. llI.eKaToB
aprYMeHTlIpOBaJI 3TO CBoe npe.u.nOJIOLKeHHe apxeo-
JIOrlIl1eCKHMII .lI.oBO.lI.aMII; 3TO TIe.lI.yeT, no ero CJIO-
BaM, «113 HaXa:>KIIBaHHbIX nJIOCKIiX araTOB, 3aBO-
CTpeHHbIX Hano.ll.06IIe .lI.OJIOT H ynoTpe6JIHeMbiX
K HaCTaBKaM CTpeJI, KaKOBbIe araTbI H HbIHe y He-
KOTOpbIX MYHrOJIOB HaHTH MOLKHO H KaKOBOH no-
JJYl1HJI onHCbIBaBIIlIiM OHoe B 1780 ro.lI.Y, H3
nmp<lJa, 611Toro 6JIII3 KypeH3eJIaHCKUX Me.nHbIX
PY;:I.HIIKOB Ha TPIi Ca:>KeHII rJIy6I1HbI».1
npllBe.lI.eHHble B «CJIOBape» llleKaToBa CBe.lI.e-
HUH 06pamaIOT Ha ce6H BHIIMaHlIe peJl,KOM JI.JIH
Toro BpeMeHII TOl1HOCTbIO B onpe.n;eJIeHIIII caMbIX
YCJlOBHH, B KOTOpbIX OKa3a.TIHCb 3aIIHTepeCOBaB-
IIllIe ero HaXon:KH. B HHX T01:lHO YKa3aHO He
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nOBepXHOCTII nOl1BbI. 2 ·
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apXeOJIOrlIl1eCKHe paCKonKII,.npOH3Be.lI.eHHNe BW-
n:alOmlIMCSI p)'CCKIIl\I Mopen.l1aBaTeJIeM H HCCJIen:o-
BaTe.TJ:eM faBpIUI.TJOM CapbIl1eBbIM, KOTOpbIM
6bI.-m 06HaPY}I{eHbI KaMeHHbIe H np01:llIe H3.lI.eJIIIH
HeO.ITIITlIl1eCKOro 06.TIIIKa. CapbIl1eB 06HapY:>KHJI II
paCKona.'1 B 1792 1. OCTaTKH .n.peBHHx LKIIJIHm He-
H3BeCTHoro npHMopcKoro n.'IeMeHH, nOBII.lI.IIMOIY,
3ara.n;011HbfX meJIarOB Ha EapaHoEoM KafHe,
K BOCTOKY' OT YCTbH p. KO.lbIMbI. BHYTPH :>KHJIHUI.
OR HameJI 1:IepenKII rJIIIHHHbIX COCY.lI.OB, KOCTII LKH-
BOTHbIX II 2 Ka:\.leHHblX HO}Ka THna 3CKHMOCCKoro
V.l0. 3
I1HTepec K TeXHIIKe OTCTaJIbIX nJIeMeH H K Ka-
feHHbnl 0pY.lIJIHM ceBepo-BocToKa A3HH II CeBep-
HOH AMepHKII OTpa31I.TJCH B KOHue XVIII B. Ii
B .TJIITepaType, paCCIJHTaHHOii Ha laCCOBoro no
TOMY BpeMeHII pyccKoro IJHTaTeJIfI.
B «C06paHIIH C01:lIIHeHIIH, BbI6paHHblx H3 MecSI-
lI.eCJIOBOB 3a pa3HbIe ro.n.bI», B 1790 r. 6bIJIO, Ha-
rrplIIep, HanHcaHO, 1:ITO Y :>KHTeJIeH Ka.lI.bHKa:
«OpYLKlIe IIX CYTb .'YK, CTpeJIbI, .lI.epeB5IHHble
IIlHTbI II poraTIIHbI, Y KOIIX Konbe, paBHo KaK II
J-. A. III. e KaT 0 B. C'lOBapb reorpa«l>HqecKHH POCCHft-
CKoro rOCY.J:apCTBa, qaCTb IV, OT.1I.e.'leHHe IV. M.. 1805,
np. 537.
2 npaB.Ja, r.IIYOI1Ha 3Ta MO>KeT nOK83aTbCjI CJ1HIIIKOM
OO."1bIlIOH. Ho B an.'lIOBHa.1JbHblX OT.;'JO>KeHHHX TaKoe r"1Yoo-
Koe 3axopoHeHHe BeIll.eH BnonHe :'lOr.'1o HMeTb MeCTO. Bo
BCSlKOM c.'lY'Iae, HeqTO nOOOHoe HaOJ"1lOllaJl 3a baHKa.1l0M
II aBTOp LJ;aHHOH paOOTbl, KOr!la Ha KjlXTHHCKOM oopblBe
(B r. KSfXTe) Cne,[lbT KY.llbTypbI paHHero >Ke.lle3HOrO
BeKa. CMelllaHHble C oo.lIee .!J:peBHHMH, OKa3anHCb lIa
r.rryoHHe 5 :'1 OT coBpeMeHHoH nOBepXHOCTH nOqBbI.
3 r. Cap hi q e B. nYTellIeCTBHe 4JnoTa KanHTaHa Capbl-
lfeBa no ceBepO-BOCTOqHOH qaCTI( CHOHpH, .7Je.JOBHTOMY
:'lOplO H BOCTOtIHO:'o:lY OKeaHY B npo.J:O.'l>KeHHe OCbMH .1leT,
npH reorpa«l>HlfecKOH H anpOHO:'lHlfeCKOH 3Kcne.J:HUHH,
6b1BllleH no.:!. Haqa"1bCTBO:'o:l w.l0Ta KanHTaHa bHnmiHrC8 C
1785 no 1793 rOJ(; q. 2. Cn6., 1802. -A. n. 0 K."1 a,[l-
ii H K 0 B. K apxeo.nOrHlfeCKoMY H3yqeHHIO COBeTCKOH
APKTHKH. np06.lleMbl APKTHKH, 1945, N!1 2. "TJ., 1946; 0 H
. >K e:--:u.peBH1ie Ky.1JbTYPbi ceBepo-BocToKa A3HH, no .J.aHHbJ:'1
apxeo.1l0rHqeCKHX HCc.TJe.aOBaHHH 1946 r. B KOJ1bIMCI\OM
Kpae. BecTH. llpeBH. .llCTOpHli, J (19). 1947. -
4*
OCTpee y TOrropoB, C.l(eJl3HO 113 KpeMHeBoro KaMHH.
HHble .lI.eJIaIOT, TaK }l{e KaK HOLKH, TaK II KOnb51
113 .TIaHbHX KocTeM».1
I1HTepec K CII6upCKliM HaXO,llKaM KaMeHHorO
seKa BHOBb YCHJIlIBaE'TC5I B Ha1:laJIe XIX B.
3TOT HHTepec K naMHTHI1KaM oT.lI.aJIeHHeMIIlero
npOIIlJIOrO CH6HpII IIMeJI r.ny60KlIe KOpHII B 06-
me:\f pa3BHTHH IIHTeJIJIeKTyaJIbHOH }KH3HH CnolIpll
KOHlI.a XVI I I II Ha1:la."'Ia XIX B. OH 6bI.TI CB5I3aH
C 06mlU.f pOCTOM BIIMaHIIH MeCTHbIX 06pa30BaH-
IIbIX .'IIO.D.eH K cBoeM OKpalIHe. O.lI.IIH H3 TaKIIX
iI.C>5ITE'.TJeii, H. lUYKHH, nHCaJi B 1848 r., 1:ITO B
Cn6IIpII «HeII3BeCTHO TO pa60JIenHe nepe.ll BCeM
3arpaHUl1HbI.M, KOTOpbIM Hepe)l,KO COBepIIleHHO
3aC.ilOH5IeTC5I BCe c06CTBeHHOe. CH6upHK .TI!06HT
CBOIO pOJIIIHY H C JII060BblO H3Yl1aeT ee».2
KOHeqHo, B :>K1I3HII OT.lI.aJIeHHOM CII6IIpCKOM
OKpaHHbI pe3KO np05IBJIHJIIICb 1:IepTbI HaUIIOHaJIb-
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. 
all:\fHHHCTpaII.lIlI II oecnpaBlIe IIlHpOKIIX Macc
!PYJl5ImIlXCH, HO BMeCTe C Te1 lI:\IeJIaCb II .n.pyraH
ee oc06eHHOCTb. B J]'.a...leKYIO ClI6IIpb CCbIJIaJIHCb
.Yl1IIlHe .T1IOlI.H lI.apCI<;OM POCCHlI, KOTopble OKa3aJIU
orpOl\1Hoe nporpeCCHBHoe B.TJIIHHlIe Ha pa3BHTHe
Ky.TIbTypbI :\leCTHoro HaCeJIeHIISI. KpoMe Toro, CH-
6IIpb He 3HaJIa KpenOCTHoro npaBa, 1:ITO onpe.lI.e-
...'IH.TIO B pSI.lI.e CJIYl1aeB nOBbImeHHbIH ypOBeHb
06meH KYlbTypHOCTlI II rpaMOTHOCTH cII6HpCKoro
Hace.TIeHHH.
Ha 3TO YKa3bIBa.1 YEe H. r. llepHblllIeBCKllH,
KOTOpbIH nlICaJI, 1:ITO ClI6IIpb nOJIYl1aJIa «H3 POC-
CIIII nOCTOHHHbIH npHJIHB ca:\wro 3HeprHl1eCKOrO II
l1aCTO caMoro pa3BHToro Hace.TJeHlIH». T. e., KO-
Hel1HO, nOJIHTHl1eCKIIX CCbIJIbHbIx. 3
TaKIIM 06pa30M, HeT HHl1ero YjI,lIBIITeJIbHOrO Ii
B TOM, 1:ITO HapH.lI.Y C MeCTHbIMH nHCaTeJIMll, ny6-
.TIIIUIICTaMII fI IICTOpHKa:\1H B ClI6Hpli CTO.TJb LKe
paHO n05IBIIJIIICb II TaKlIe .TJIO.lI.I1, KOTopble c061I-
paJIH npe.lI.MeTbI KaMeHHoro BeKa, xpaHH.lIH HX II
nepe.rr.aBa.1H B paCnOp51LKeHHe 3BTopliTeTHbIx Y1:Ie-
HbIX Toro BpeMeHH, a B pH.lI.e CJlyqaeB II caMII OT-
Me1:la.TIH fiX B .iIIITeparype. 11 1:IeM .lI.aJIbIIle, TeM
 '"
OO.TJbIIle CTaHOBIIJIOCb TaKflX JIIO.rr.eH, TeM nOJIHee II
r.T1y6LKe CTaHOBIIJIHCb IIX Ha611OJJ.eHIIH.
B 1825 r. 3iixBaJIb.lI. nepe.lI.aJl MY3eIO neTep-
6yprcKoro ropHoro IIHcTIITYTa HecpplIToBYIO
«lIr JIY», n:Ba HecppHToBbIX II .D.Ba HIIIMOBblX .lI.0-
JIOTa, HaM.lI.eHHbIX B paMoHe r. Hepl1lIHcKa. 4
EHlIceMcKHH ry6epHaTop A. CTenaHoB (1822-
1833) IIMeJI B CBoeM c06paHliH apxeo.norH1:IeCKIIX
BemeM KaMeHHble 0pY,IT.HH B BHJI.e HaKOHe1:lHIIKOB
CTpe.l, KlIpOK, :\WJIOTKOB II. 01:leBIf.!lHO, .II.OJIOT, HaH-
,:ltP.HbIX B .lI.D.1I1fHe EHlIceH, He B WrHJIaX, a .ma
rraIIlHHX». :)
1 0 pocCHikKHX OTKpblTHSfX Ha MOpHX Me>K.!J:Y A3HeJO H
AMepHKOIO. Coop. COlf., Bbl6p. H3 :'leCSII.{eC.1l0BOB 38 pa3-
Hble rO,[lbl, q. IV, 1790, CTp. 339.
2 )KYPHa.n MHHHCT. BHYTp. i!e.:I. 1848. II. 24, CTp. 245.
3 H. f. q e pH bllII e B C K H H, nO7H. co6p. COll., T. VIII,
CD6., 1906, CTp'. 70.
-i A. C. 1 B a p 0 B. ApxeoJ1orHSJ POCCHH. KaMeHHblH.
nepHO)I., II, CTp. 5. - G r e win g k. Verch. cler Est. Ges.,
VII, Bbm. I, np. 18.
;; A. C. Y 13 a p 0 B, T<.I:\( iKC, CTp. 99.

2R
l[ACTb I. UCTOPIIR llCc..lOBAHllR II XPOHOnOrHR nAl\IHTHFIROB
r:l:\BA I. HCTOPHH HCC.iIE;\OBAHIUt I1PIIBAJmA.1LCl\Oro HEOJlHTA
29
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OH ony6_1IlKOBa.'1 3al\lel1aTe.ilbHoe onncaHHe EHlf.
., ., ,
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(1835 r.); cO,J.eikTBoBa.TI 1I3,L.{aHHIO «EHlIceflcKoro
a.TJ:bMaHaxa» 1828 r., COCTaBJIeHHOro rpYIlI10M
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ca.l: «MbI npoBo..rr.llJIII Bce CBoe cB060,J.Hoe BpeMH
y 3Toro .D.OCTOMHoro 1:IeOBeKa B 06I.UeCTBe oo-
l{bIX nHcaTe.ileM, KOTopbIe 6bVIlI npUB.'1el1eHbI 11:\1
K COTPY)J.HHl1eCTBY B a.TIMlaHaxe. B ero KaOliHeTf'
HaX01I.JI.TJ:aCb KO.'I.'1eKUIIH MeCTHbIX )'HIHepa.10B, a 80
Bcex HI.UUKax II Ha nO.TJKaX - - rpaBlOpbI H Pll-
CYHKH, 1I306pa.>KalOI.Ulle 06rrTaTe:Ieii ceBepa, npe;1-
:\feTbI eCTecTBeHHoM IICTOpHII, BH.D.bI, KHHrH, aHTHK-
BapHbIe pe.lI.KOCTII. T Hero 6bI.la :\laCTepCKaH, r.!L('
l\fbI CYMe.alI OTno.upOBaTb lI.Ba HaUlHX araTOBbIX
HlIllIl1Ka .lJ,.iIH MarHHTHbIX CTpe.TJ.OK, TO, 1:ITO l\rbI He
CfOrJIIi BbInO.'IHIITb B XpHCTuaHHH. Kopol1e ro-
BOpH, MbI 6bWH OKppKeHbI B ero .J:Ole Bce:\1 npH-
ieqaTe.TIbHbIM, 1:ITO MO.>KeT npe;:WCTaBHTb HaYKa,
ICKYCTBO H npHpo.n:a».l
B 1849 r. BO BpeMH nOe3;I:KH B 5IKYTCKYlO 06-
.1JaClb IIPKYTcKHfr apxHenHcKon HII.'1, 3aHHMau-
IIlIIMCH 1I3Yl1eHHe1 6Y..'I.1H3l\ra, npoHB.1HBll!HM HHTe-
pec K reo.l0rIIII, a TaI{.>Ke ycep.ITHO c06HpaBIIIHl1
cTaplIHHbIe pYKonlIcH H npeJ.MeTbI, npn06pe.TI Ha
JIeHe B c. MyxTye 1Il.'IlI<poBaHHbIti ronop 113 nllI-
HHCToro C.ilaHlI.a (II.7IH He<ppJ-lTa?), «HanOMIIHalO-
I.UHM, - no ero C.'10Ba:\I, - C060I0 0 KaMCHHOM
B CH6npII neplIo.n.e». Tonop 3TOT HaXOlI.H.TICH CHa-
l1a.TIa B 60raToH KOJI.TIeKIUHI reOJIOrUl1eCKIIX 06pa3-
UOB MyxTYMcKoro Kynua PbI6KIIHa II 6bIJI 3aTeM
nepelI.aH ee BJIalle.'Ibue:\1 apxnemicKony HH.TJY.
B KOJI.1JeKlI.IIH noCne,llHero ObI.TJII TaK.>Ke Ka leHHble
OPY.D.IIH C 6eperOB EaliKala, H3 3a6aMKa.TIbSI
(EaprY3IIHCKOrO OKpvra) II C A.leYTCKIiX O-BOB,
l1aCTb KOTOpbIX 6bI.TIa nepe.J:aHa llM B feOJIOrH1:Ie-
cKMM Ka6HHeT ITeTep6yprcKoro )"HI1BepCHreTa. 2
BelIllI M3 c06paHMH apxnemlcKona HH.'la 3Kcno-
HHpOBaJIHCb Ha AHTponoJIorHl1eCKOM BNCTaBKe
J 879 r. 3
I Ch. H a n s tee n. Souvenirs d'ull Voyage en S;ber;e.
Tr;td. par m-me Colban, CTp. 183-184. - A. E r m a Tl.
Reise urn die Erde durch Nord-.i\sien und die beiden
Oceane in den Jahren 1828-1829, I. Berlin, 1838. (UHT.
no K.IHre .M.. A 3 a .1 0 B C K 0 r o. «OllepKH mfTepaTypbl 1-1
KY.TJbTYPbI CH6HpH», I (I1pKYTCK, 1947, CTp. 12).
2 A. Y B a p 0 B, YK. COil., CTp. 6; O. I1. non 0 B. 06
OPY,3,H5IX KaMeHHoro BeKa Ha ceBepe H BOCTOKe CU6HpH.
I13B. BCOPfO, 1878, T. IX, .N''l 1-2, CTp. 62; H. A_
(HH."I apx.). nY-feBble 3anHCKH. 5Ipoc.1JaBlb, 1877,
CTp. 203.
3 3TO Obl.'1H: «64) Tonop H3 5IKYTCKOH o6.;Jacm;
65) TOnop H3 3a6aHKa.'IbCKOM 06.iJacTH; 63A H 67B n:Ba
Tonopa H3 HepHTa H3 BOCTOtJIIOM CHOHpH; 70) HaKOHell.
HHI\: KonbH .1HCTOBH,3,HOH OpMbl n3 oocHlIHaHa, C A!leYT-
CKHX OCTpOijOB; 68) lleTblpe CTpe.."IKH H 69) II1CTb fa.leHb-
.
CaMbIe 06CToHTe.TIbHbIe CBe.D.eHIIH 0 HaXO.lI.Kax
KaMeHHbIX OPy.aHH Ha TeppliTOpliH CH6IIpII OCTa-
BHJI B nepBOH nO_l0BIIHe XIX B. 06pa30BaHHblM
cn611pCKH:H l[IIHOBHHK Iv\. M. fe,J.eHllITpOM, KOTO-
pbIM MHoro nYTeIlleCTBOBa.l no CBOHM CJIY.>Ke6HbIM
.J:e.:-ra1 B CI16npli II TPII rO.lI.a npOBeJI Ha .lI.aJIbHel\l
ceBepo-BocToKe. OH 3HaJI, KaK IllHpOKO npHMeHH-
"IHCb «B npOIIlJIOM CTO.leTHH» (T. e. B XVIII B.)
Ka:\leHHble OPY;UIH nJIeIeHaMII APKTHKIf, II cpaB-
HHBa.TI C l[YKOTCKHMIf TOnOpa?\I1I H3 KaMHH. B TOM
l1HC.'Ie He<ppIITOBbnIlI, .lI.peBHHe TonopbI, .il.O.l0Ta If
CTpe.ilbI KaMeHHbIe. HaXO..'J.H:\lble «B 3eM.Tle B nOJIY-
.lI.eHHOM l1aCTII HpKYTCKOii ry6epHIIH».1
3aMel1aTe.llbHO nplI 3TOI, l[TO OH CHOBa YKa3a.l
Ha TpH C1JeA.OBaBlIlne .apyr 3a .n.PyroM KYJIbTYP-
HbIX nepHO;I.a - KaMeHHbIM, :.\Ie.!J.HbIH II .>Ke.rIe3HbIM.
Bcae..'l 3a onncaHHeM rpaHlITHOM CTeJlbl C 1130-
-6pa>KeHne:\i l1e.'IOBeqeCKOrO .1HlI.a, cToHBIIleM
y CeJleHrl1HCKOrO COJIeBapeHl-lOrO 3a, BO,lla fe,L.{eH-
nlTpOM OTMel[a..'l: «HaXO;I:HT eI.Ue ;r.peBHeMIIIHe
naIHTHHKIf, KaK TO: TonopbI II CTpe.'IbI H3 KpaCHOil
:\ie.!LlI; C.le,L.{OBaTe.1bHO, CYI.UeCTBOBaBIIllIe eI.Ue ,L.{O
ynoTpe6JIeHIIH 3..rr.eCb .>Ke.le3a. 11 eI.Ue Toro .n.pe8-
HeMlllHe Haxo.n.HT OKOJlO HpKYTCKa: TonopbI, ;10-
.:10Ta H CTpeJIbI KaJleHHbfH».
fe..'1. eH IIITpOM nepBbIM OTMeTIi;:r .lI.aJIee ,L.{Ba LUH-
'" u
pOKO H3BeCTHbIX B CHOIlpCKOH apxeo.TIOrlIlI MeCTO-
HaXOLK.aeHHH na:\IHTHHKOB Ka:\-leHHoro BeKa-
B OKpeCTHOCTHX HpK)'TCKa (BepXO.TJeHCKaH ropa)
({ TYHKHHCKlIe CTOSIHKII.
OTHOCIITe.ilbHO IIPKYTCKIIX HaXO,L.{OK B Tex .>Ke
CBOIIX «OTpbIBKax 0 CII6HplI» fe.lI.eHIIITpOM co06-
I.Ua.TI, l1TO Cpe;I:M JI.peBHIIX KaMeHHbIX OPYJI.HM eMY
BCTpe1:la.TIHCb OT,L.{e.'1aHHble 113 «TBep.lI.Oro LKa;I.a
(He<ppllTa), OTKpbIToro He.n.aBHO 0.TI1I3 HpKYTCKa,
npeBOCXO.lI.HOM .D.06pOTbI». I1MeHHo TaKlIe Tonopbl
n JI.OJIOTa 6blJ11I 06HapYLKeHbI, no ero CJIOBaM, B
«l[eTbIpex BepCTax OT HpKYTCKa B BepxoJIeHCKOM
fope, B KaMeHOlOMHe, B r.:-ry6IIHe 5 ca.>KeHeM OT
nepxa ropbI».
CTpe.TIbI H3 ;J.bIl\.Il1aTOrO Tona3a H.'1H KBapll.a Ii 113
r.illIHHCToro C'1aHlI.a, YKa3bIBaJl OH B TOM }Ke
KHlIre, BCTpel[aJIIICb OKO.ilO 6bIBIIlero TYHKHHCKoro
OCTpO.>KI\"a (<<KpenOCTH»).
He.nb3H He npH3HaTb 3aMel1aTe.TIbHbI:\1 10ro 00-
CTOHTe.lIbCTBa, l1TO 3TIi nepe.n.OBbIe ;]}lSI Toro Bpe-
MeHlI, TOl[HbIe II HCHble no CPOp:\-ly.TJl1pOBKe, BbI-
BO;I.bI II Ha6.TIlOlI.eHHSI npHHa.lI.leaJIH pH;I:OBOM)'
npOBHHUHa.TJbHO:\IY 11llHOBHHKY, OO.]bWH l1CTb
:>KH3HI1 KOToporo npow'1a B cn6HpCK911 TJYWH.
EIIl,e 3aMel1aTe.TIbHee, l[TO fe..'leHUlTpO:\I onYO.TJIIKO-
Ba.1 Ha PYCCKOM 5l3bIKe CBOH BbIBO.D.bI 0 noc.TIeJ.o-
BaTeJIbHOM CMeHe Tpex BeJIHKHX KYbTypHO-HCTO-
pHl1eCKHX nepIlO.!LOB, C;I:e.TJaHHbIe II:\I Ha :\ieCTHOM
Cu61IpG{Q1\I apxeo.TJOrlll[eCKO:\l MaTepna.'1e, COBep-
meHHO He3aBIICH)1O II caMOCTOHTe.lbHO 01 IIIBe.aa
TD:\1CeHa II ,J.pyrlIx apxeo.!Ior013, KOTOpbL\1 Ha 3a-
na;.:r.e npnnHCblBalOT l[eCTb 3Toro OTKpbITIIH. 0 nO.TJ-
HOH caMOCTOHTe'IbHOCTli B3f.1HJ.I.OB fe.::r.eIHlITp0:\la
OT pa60T TO:\lceHa CBII.1.eTe.'1bCTBYIOT KaK TOT
cpaKT, l1TO ero C01.IUHeHHe BbIUl.TIO B cneT elite 3a
meCTb .TIeT ..'l0 nOHBJ'IeHHH COl1HHeHlHf TOMceHa, TaK
11 Te c06CTBeHHbIe Hao.TJlO,.:J,eHHH fe;J.eHIIITpO:\Ia, Ha
I
KOTopbrx OCHOBaHbI Bce ero 3 aK.'11011 eHII H.
TaKllM 06pa30:\-l, TO Ba1KHeHWee .Il.1H nCTopli1i
nepBo6blTHOM Ky.TJbTypbI OTKpbITHe, KOTopoe u ll
CIIX nop npnnlICbIBa."'IOCb TOMceHY, no KpaHHen
Mepe TplI.>K.LI.I 6bI10 C.Ile.'1aHO )J.O Hero B POCCHH:
B nepBoii nO.ilOBIIHe XVIII B. - Yl1aCTHHKa:\1li
Ka"fl1aTCKOH 3KCne;I.HlI.IHI, B KOHue 3Toro BeKa-
PaJlHIIl,eBbI1 H. HaKOHeu, B Hal1a.!IC 30-x rO)J.OB
XIX B. - fe.il.eHIIlTpOMOM, H nce Tpn pa3a B .n.a-
.'lCKoii. CH6nplI!
OCTaeTCH TO.TIbKO CHOBa H CHOBa Y;I:HBlHTbCH,
I1011e:\IY .n.o CIIX nop 3TOT 3a:\-lel1aTe.TIbHbIM cpaKT He
nplIBJIeKaJI BHHMaHHH JIlO.D.efi, 3aHHMaBUlHXCSI
MCTopneH pa3BHTIIH apxeo.TIOrH1JeCKOrO :HaHnH
B POCCIIH H He HaIIle.l OTpaLKeHHH B HarneH .'IHTe-
paType.
o KO."'I 0 copOKa JIeT cnYCTH nOCJle BbIXOJJ.a
B CBeT «OTpbIBKOB» feJI.eHUlTpOMa, B 1865-
1868 rf., 6bIJIII OTKpbITbI nepBbIe HeO.7IIITHl1eCIUle
noce.leHIIH B HH30BbHX AMypa. 2
B 1866 r. COCTOH.'1aCb. TypyxaHcKaH 3KCne;I:HUHH
CH6IIpCKOrO OT.1e.TIa PyccKoro reOrpaplI1.IeCKOrO
06I.UeCTBa (PfO), Yl1aCTHHK KbTOpOH BbI.D.alO-
IIlHHCR PyccKuii: HCTopllK-.::r.e:\IOKpaT A. D. llI.anoR
,J.OCTaBH.'I B :\lY3eM o.T;I:e.la KaMeHHbIe HaKOHel1-
P.HKII cTpe.TI. 3
I( 1868 r. OTHOCHTCR noe3,.:J,Ka B TYHKY 11. C. ITo-
.'IHKOBa, 6. TYHKHHCKoro Ka3aKa, KaK 113Be;::THO,
:\lHoro c..rr.e.'1aBlIlero II ;I:.'1H 1-l3Yl[eHHH Kal\leHHo:.o
BeKa eBponeiICKOH. POCCHH. H. C. DO'15IKOB 00-
CJIe.!{OBa.TI H BnepBble 06CTOHTe.rlbHO onHca.l C.TIe;I:bI
KHX KpeIHeBblX HYK.aeYCOB H3 OKpecTHocTeM EaHKa.1JbCKOrO
mepa» (CM.: JJ:. H. A H Y Il H H. OnHcaHne npe,::weTOB
BbICTaBKn. OTJJ:e.TI i1.0HCTOpHllecKHH. 113B. I1Mn. 06lli.
JIl06HT. eCTeCTB03H.. aHTpono.'1. H 9THOrpaHH, COCTOfilli.
npH MocK. YHHB., T. XXXV, tJ. 2, BbIn. I, M., 1879,
CTp. 20).
I .\t f e):{ e H 1lI T po M. OTpbIBKU' 0 Cn6HpH. Cn6.,
1830, CTp. 12. Cp.: 0 H :>K e. 3anHcKH 0 CH6HpH. )J(YPH.
NIHH. BHYTp. lIM, 1829, q. I, KH. 1, CTp. 131. - 00 C.lOBaM
R BarIlHa. fen:eHllITpoM ObI,lf 01l.HHM H3 pfHeiillIHx H
06pa30BaHHeHuIHX aloJJ:eii, KaKHe KOr'1.a-.TIH60 :>KHJIH B
CH6HPH. B BepxHeYLtHHCKe .LI,OM ero «6bI.;r 3aBa.leH MHHe-
pa."Ial'l1H, tJytlelaMH, KocnlMH, TpaBar.1H, KopeHbHMH H np.».
(0 feileHllITpoMe nl.: B. Bar H H. I1cropH'lecKHe CBen:e-
HUH 0 .n:eHTe.;JbHOCTU rpaa .1\1. CnepaHcKoro B CHOHpH,
T. I, CTp. 12-13. - H. K a _"I a 1lI H n K 0 B. 3anHcKH
HpKYTcKoro :>KHTe.'IH. PYCCK. CTapHHa, 1905, VII.
CTp. 22-1-225; Cn6. COB. 3HI.UIK."IOneJJ:HH, T. I, HOBOCH-
onpcK. 1929, CTp. 631).
2 M. r e 11. e H 1lI T P 0 M, TaM >Ke, CTp. 63, npHM.
Cp.: 0 H >K e. 3anHcKH 0 CH(5Hpn. )J(ypH. MHH. BHYTp.
;re.'l, ]830, 'l. 2, KH. 3-fl, CTp. 177, npHM.
1 C.rre.J.yeT, KCTaTII. OTMeTHTb, 'lTO B03pOCllIHH HHTepe
K TO}lceHV H K npo6..le}le npHopHTeTa B YlleHHH o. Tpex
nepno.J.ax . Bbl3Ba.iI nOHB.;JeHne B IllBeu.nn ..1.BYXTo:'ofHOH p.a:
60TbI 0 HeM (B. Hill e b r CI n d t C. J. Thomsen och h:l:S
larda iorbindelser i S\'erige 1816-1837. Kungl. Vnt.
Hist. och Antikv. akad. Handl.. 44, Bblll. 2. CToKn.'1EM,
1937, 1938). K ..
2 A. C. r B a po B. ApxeO.'lOrHH POCCHI{. aMeHHblH
nepIlOJJ:, I, CTp. 269-274; II, np. 5-6. - O. .rI e p x. Ha.
XOItKa Ka \leHHblX oPY.J.Hii 6.;YH3 )'CTbH Alypa. 113B. Apxe o . 1
OOlli., T. VI, Bbm. 10, COo., 1866, CTp. 209-211.
3 f. C. B II H 0 r p a.J: 0 B. EhHorpanlleCKHe H3YtJeHHH
BoCT. Cuel. OU. PYCCK. feorp. o(5lli. (BCOPfO) (1851-
1926). 113B BCOPfO, T. I, HPK)'TCK, 1926, CTp. 8.
.,
-- nOCeJIeHII U Ha
HeOJIHTHl1eCKHX II OO.lee n03,J.HllX n
neCl1aHbIX XO.'lMax B TYHKHHCKOH KOTJIOBIIHe, KO-
TopbIe OH cpa3Y >Ke onpe..rr.e.ll1.1 KaK eCTeCTBeH-
HbIe. 06pa30BaHHH, a He HaCbmaHHble l1e.TIOBeKO}1
KypraHN. u
OcooeHHO Ba>KHO, l1TO Ha3BaHHbIH llCC.Tle,L.{OBa-
Te.iIb, no cneIlHa.TlbHOCTH 300.!IOr, nOCTaBH.TI nepe;I:
c060ii l1HCTO nCTOpHl1eCK)'1O 3a.D.al1Y - YCTaHOBHTb
«nopH;I.OK U xapaKTep, B KOTOpOM pa3BIIBaJIIICb
npe,J,weCTBYlOI.UHe lI.HBH.'1H3all.Hl!, cpaBHllTeJIbHO
C TOIl, KOTOpylO IbI BIIJI.HM 3.n.E:Cb B HaCTOHI.Uee
Bpel\1SI». ,......
OKa3a.rIOCb, l1TO caMbIU BepXHlU1 C.TIon a TYH-
KHHCKHX neCl1aHbIX 6eperax, nOl1BeHHbIlI, IWH
«l[epH03eMHbIII». H .1e>KaIIlHli cpa3)' .>Ke no.n. HIII
C\T.'IHHOK CO;I.ep.>KaJIII «aTTpHOYTbI CKOTOBO;I.1.Ie-
c"i<oi:f .>KH3HH» H LKe.le3HbIe npe.il.MeTbI. r.TIy6LKe,
«B C.l0HCTOfi Macce a..l.1IOBHH» 3a.'1era.'111 «npH-
Ha';:I}Ie.>KHOCTH lIHoii:, 60lee -nIi3KOii: lI.HI3H.11I3all.IIIi
B BH..:J,e Ka)leHHbiX H KOCTHHbIX OpYAIIU», B03-
:\IO.>KHO, n r.1HHHHaH nocy;r.a co CKY.D.HbIl\1 opHa-
:\IeHTO:\l, KOCHI .rLIIKHX .>KHBOTHbIX. H3 HalI60JIee
IIHTepeCHbIx HaxO;I:OK Ka)leHHOro BeKa H. C. [10-
....IHKOB OT1\leTH.TI HaKOHel1HIIKH CTpe.l OBa.7IbHOIi II
Tpeyro.lbI-IOH <POPMbI, HYK.le}ThI (<<HaKOHel1HHKU
CTpeJi B .rr.e npII3MbI») , «HMBOJIHl1eCKlie 1130-
6pa.>KeHHSI pbI6». EbI.TIII HaiI..rr.eHbI 11M Ii KOCTII
I
l1e.TIOBeKa.
H. C. ITOJIHKOBbIM 6bI..11I c06paHbI BnOCle.lI.:
CTBMII KaMeHHbIe OpY;I.UH TaK.>Ke II B 3anaJlHOH
CH6HpH y T060.1bCKa II, oc06eHHO, B HII30BbHX
p. 0611, r.rr.e o 06paTH.11 Hn:faHne Ha I1X 2 CBH3b
C COBpeMeHHOH KYJIbTypon OOCKIIX nle:\ieH.
I(poMe Toro, no npocb6e ero, co6lIpa.TIH Kal\IeH-
HbIe 0pY.lI.HSI no HpTbIIIIY, Me>K1.Y Lle:\lbHHCKOM 1I
T060.'1bCKO:\[ H B KypraHcKo:.I OKpyre T060JIb-
CKoil rv6e p HHU A. IT. LL3epO.>KIIHCKHl11! IT. H. ITy-
 '"
3UK. Cpe.rr.H c06palIHbIX mIll H onyo.cIHKOBaH-
HbIX H. C. DO.TIHKOBbIM npe,.:J,leToB fIMeIOTCH TlI-
nHl1Hble HYK.TJeYCbI H HO:>KeBU,J.HbIe nJlaCTIlHbI, ;IBY-
CTopOHHe peTywnpoBaHHble HaKOHel1HHKII cTpe.l,
necTbI, nO..1.BeCKa UJ.Tl.l1cpoBaHHaSI, a Ta1{.>Ke Ka:\leH-
HbIi1 J{HCK C npocBep.leHHbI:\'1 B He:\1 oTBepCTHei\l,
KOTOpbIH no MHeHlI10 IICC.le;I:OBaTeJIH, C.1Y.>KHJl
l\IaXOBU-lOM ..1,lH BepeTeHa, nO;I:06HOrO OCTHUKHl\J. 3
B TO .>Ke Bpe);IH H n03.>Ke 6bWII c06paHbI KO.il-
.'leKUllH Ka)leHHbIX opy;r,HM pa3J11111HOrO BpeMeHU
H TIlDa B 3ana2I.HOrl CuonpH, B paiioHax fopHoro
'"
A_'1TaH, npHl1eM MHorHe 113 HHX I.TIII CBH,
3aHbi C ;I.peBHIIMH PY.::LHHKaMH. Ca"IOH KpynHOI{
JI3 alTaikKllX KOJIJIeKUIiH. 6bI.'1a npllHa;r.,.1Je.>KaB-
maH r. H. CnaCCKOI\1Y, KOTopaH 3aTeM nonaJIa
I 11. C. n 0 .;Y H K 0 B. OTtJeT 0 noe3.J.I-'"e B BOCTOtJHbIH
Ca5lH (OT'leT 0 .J:eHCTBHflX CH6upcKoro OTn:e;Ja fO 3a
1868 r., C06., 1869, CTp. 109-197, 139-143).
2 11. C. 0 0 .'1 51 K 0 B. OUCbMa II OT4eTbI 0 nYTellIeCTBnH
B ilO:IHHY p. 06H. lOpn.l. K T. XXX «3amlcoK A KaJIC-
!<.flIH HavK»). ..
3 H' "c. 0 0 _1 51 K 0 B. OnHcaHHe Ka!<leHHblX 0pYIIH
KypraHcKoro OKpra_ AHTponO."IOrUqeCKaH BHCTaBKa
1879 r.. TOM TpeTlIH, qaCTb nepEaH. OpOT?KO"Ibi 3ace;:I.a-
HHH KmlHTeTa Ii 06ll1.eCTBa, BbmYCK BTopon (H3B. 11M I.
0011.{. J1100HT. eCTeCTB03H., aHTponO.1. H 9THorpaHH.
COCTOHlli. npH MOCK. YHlIB., T. XXXV, '-I. I, B1oID. 2-
CTp. 87-94).
.

3(1
IACTb I. IICTOPlifI ncc:rF.;,10B. \t.UIH II XPOt-lO.10fJffl nA!\I:HTHHhOB
r.'IABA I. lfCTOPIIH IICCIEJIOB.\HHF rIPHB-\FIli:.-\.ibCfiOrO HEO.lI1TA
31
B C06paHHe rp. /BapoBa.l TaKue KOJIJIeKlI.HII Ka-
MeHHbIX OpY;I.IIM H3 CII6upH 6bI..11I KaK BO B..la.tl.e-
HIIH 1:IaCTHbIX ..1 HI..{, TaK H B p5I,1e IY3eeB: Boc-
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qeCKOrO 06llleCTBa (BCOPfO) , Ka3aHCKOrO YHH-
BepCHTeTa. fOpHOrO HHCTlUYTa, 3pl\mTa1Ka.
BCJIe,rr, 3a nO.l5IKOBbDI B TYHKe n06bIB3.IH
3HTOl\IO.l0r nYlI.J1.1I.'10 II H3BeCTHbIU 3THOrpacp PO-
BIIHCKHM, T01Ke 3aHHTepeCOBaBmlIeC5I .rr.peBHO-
CT5IMH 3Toro paMoHa. 2
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Te1 BbIcTynlJ.l C .n.OKJIa.n.OM Ha 3aCe;I.aHIIII 1:I.leHOB
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06ll.J.eCTBa. 3 B CBoeM ,!L0K.TJ3J,le, «npOH3BeJJIle\I
CIJ.TJHOe Bne1:laT.ileHHe Ha C.TIYllIaTe.TJeM», POBUH-
CKIIII CpaBHHJI TYHKIIHCKlie Opy,rr,IIH C 3ana,n,HO-
eBponeMCKIIm 113 CBaHHbIX nOCTpoeK, BbICKa3a.TIC5I
33 HX ApeBHIIH B03paCT, HO, BMeCTe C TeM, 1J3.ao-
>KIIJI pH.lI. cpaHTaCTlIl1eCKIIX npe,.1.no.iIoLKeHHM, B TO:\I
1:IHC.TIe 0 CYll.J.eCTBOBaBIIIHX, 6y.n:TO 6bI, B TYHKe
.. .J
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TeM Ba}KHee JI.JISI nOHIIMaHHH HeO.:liua BOCTOl1-
HOH Cn6HpII 6bI.TIH pe3YJIbTaTbI noe3.n.KH B TYHKY
B 1874-1875 rr. KpynHet'Illiero cII6HpcKoro reo-
.:10ra 4epcKoro.
11. JI.. 4epcKHH c.n.eJIa.l nOnbITKY TO'Hee )"CTa-
HOBIITb cTpaTlIrpacplll1ecKYIO nOC.TIe.lI.OBaTe.lbHOCTb
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3aHLI. 4
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3aHbI C .n.BY:\IH paCTIITeJIbHbD1H C.TIOHMII, pa3.n.e-
.'1eHHbIMH neCl1aHOH npoc.aoMKoM, H OTl1aCTH
C KpaCHOBaTbIM c.l0eM, nO,1CTIJJIaIOlllIIM HII}KHHM
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B BepXHeM .lI.epHOBO1 C.l0e H HIILKe BCTpel1eHbl
, ,
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BMeCTe C KOCTHMH JI.OMaIIlHHX }KIIBOTHbIX. nO,lI
HH}KHIJ;\I paCTIITeJIbHbIM C.::IOeM OKa3a.TICSI 06.TIO-
\IOK IIlJllIcpOBaHHoro TonopHKa 1I3 3e.ileHoro Hecp-
pHTa.
3a.TIeraIOll.J.Hfi r.'Iy6.>Ke KpaCHOBaTbIH. C10M. no
CJIOBaM 4epCKoro, npo,cr,o.a>KaeTCH B nOCTn.TIHOll.e-
HOBbIX OTJIO}KeHHSIX KpaCHoro 5Ipa. nOC.'le.n:-
Hlle }Ke, no HaXO,lIKaM KocTeM :\-1 a l\IOHTa , HOCO-
pora, .lI.IIKO H JIOIIIa.n.1I H 6bIKa, 4epCKlifi OTHOCII.l
I A. Y B a p 0 B, Ta1 :>Ke, CTp. 3, 7-9. - K 1870 r. B
MY3ee BCOprO HaCIIHTblBaJIOCb OKO.;IO 12 60.;')bllIHX Ka-
MeHHblX OpY.B.HH, He CIIHTaSl «ue"lOH ropCTH 1e.'1KHX
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PfO, T. I, Bbln. 4-5, 1871, CTp. 31-52. - Cp.: )KVpH.
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Bcopro, T. II, oN!? 3, 1871, CTp. 4-5.
4 11. 11. q e p C K H H. E.noBcKHH oTpor, KaK CBH3b
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PfO, T. VI.  4, 1875, CTp. 177-178.
K O.rr.HOIY Bpe!\IeHH C na.leOJIIITlIl1eCKHMli OCTaT-
KaMH B I1pKYTCKe Y BoeHHoro rocnIlTa.TIH. icTa-
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npoexa..1 BBepx no p. AHrape OT ee YCTbSI ,.1.0
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,
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CHII.
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,.
ObI..o1a He Ha nOC.le,rr,HeM, a Ha O,U.HOM H3 nepBbIX
:\-leCT B POCCHH no CTeneHH IICC.ile.lI.OBaHHOCTH
naMTHHKOB KaMeHHoro BeKa.
HaM,lJ.eHHoe B 1871 r. nOCeJIeHlIe y BoeHHoro
rocnllTa,JH OKa3a.lOCb nepBbDt apXeOJIOfHl1eCKHM
naMSITHHKOM POCCIIH, laTeplIa.TIbl KOToporo .LlOKa-
3a.l11 oJtHoBpeMeHHoe cYll.J.eCTBOBaHHe BbIMeplllHx
TO1.CTOK02KIIX 1KIIBOTRbIX II tJe'lOBeKa, nepBbnl na-
.lJeO,IJHTHl1eCKJI::\1 noce.neHHe)'1 Ha ee TepplITopHH,
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Toro, nepBbIi1 na.'1eOJIHTlIl1eCKHM na:\-IHTHIIK Ha
TeppliTopHII POCClIIi, KOTopbli:r ;r.a.TI 38.Mel1aTe.lJbHble
np01I3BeeHH5I IICKyccTBa .'IIO,:J,eu .LlpeBHeKaMeH-
Horo BeKa, CTaBIIlue .lI.OCT05IHlIeM HaVKH.
4T06bI Oll.eHHTb IICK1JIOl1IITe.TIbHOe 3Hal1eHlle
11PKYTcKoro OTKpbITH5I 1871 r. B HCTOplilI apxeo-
.10rlll1eCKOro 3HaHHSI, HY}KHO nplIHHTb BO BHIIMa-
Hlle, l1TO )J.O 1871 r. naJleO.::IIIT 6bI.J HeH3BeCTeH He
TO.rlhKO B ceBepHofi A3HH H POCCHlI, HO if B I..{en-
Tpa.TIbHOH EBpone. TO.1JbKO B 1871 r., T. e.
B TOM LKe caWM roJI.Y, Kora 4epCKIIH II 4eKa-
HOBCKHM np01I3Be.1H CBOII 3a:\'lel1aTe.lbHble IICCJIe-
J,lOBaHHH B HpKYTCKe, BaHKe.rlb BnepBble HaIIIe.iI
ce.rr.bI naeonIlTIIeCKoro tJenOBeKa B MopaBCKOM
nell.J.epe «DbI1:IbH CKeJIH».
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Tor.n:a na:\.ISITHliKOB HeO.lllTa POCCIIII 3aHHMaIOT
B 0630pe T Ba pOBa HeO.TIHTII1:IeCKHe CTOHHKH
B TYHKHHcKOM KOT.TIOBHHe, KOTOpbIM OR, O.lI.HaKO,
npHnlICbIBaeT 1:Ipe3MepHO f.:ty60KIIM B03paCT.
TaKHM 06pa30:\-1, B 80-x ro.n:ax XIX B. CTaJIO
HCHbIM IIIHpoKoe pacnpocTpaHeHlle KaMeHHbIX
OPY,lJ.IIM no BceM CU6HpH. 1 BnepBble 6bl.1J0 YCTa-
HOB.neHO Ha.TIlIl1He O;:l.,HOro na.TJeO.'IHTHl1eCKOro II
p5IJI,a HeOJIHTHl1eCK11X noce.'IeHHH. nOcTeneHHo Ha-
l\ieTIIJ1CH nepexo;J. OT npocToro KOJ1"leKUIIOHHpOBa-
HUH KaMeHHbIX OPY,lI.HH K BbIHB.TIeHHIO naMSITHHKOB
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,
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CII611pII H. H. nonoB, yqHTe.:rb HpKYTCKOH rHl\IH3-
3H, o6"la.lI.aBmIIM 60.'IbIlIHr.I TPY;I:0.:t106ne),1 11 Ta-
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 '
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OlIpaTeJIHMH. 2 nO.'IeBbIX IIcc.le..10BaHIIH caM OH,
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HbIX H OTl1aCTH MY3eMHbIX :\laTepHa.!Iax.
nepBbIM }Ke CII6IIpCKII1 apxeOJIOrO:\l-Cnell.Ha-
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TII1:IeCKHX naMHTfIHKOB npn6aliKa.:rbH.
He.Tlb3H He OTMeTIITb nplI 3TOM, l1TO H. 11. BIIT-
KOBCKIIM, KaK II MHorlie .n.pyrlle IICCJle.uOB3Te.'l It ,
HMH KOTOpbIX BOIIIJIO B IICTOpli1O U3Vl1eHH5I CII-
OIiPH. OKa38.1JCH 3;I.eCb no HeBo.TJe. 3 '"
.5e.TIOPYCC no P0}K.lI.eHHIO, H. 11. BHTKOBCKIIH
Yl1aCTBOBaJI B nOTJbCKOM BOCCTaHHH ]I 6bJ.1]: 3aTeM
COCJlaH B C1I6Hpb. Yl1H.;rCH BIITKOBCKHM ,J.O CCbI.TIKII
I CM. 061llHH 0630p HaXO;!.OK KaMeHHoro BeKa B Cil6HpH
B CTaTbe H. M. 51.n;pHHueBa, ony6. ' ,[IIKOBaHHOH B «3amlCKax
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2 H. 11. non 0 B. 06 0pY3.HHX Ka!\IeHHOro BeKa Ha
ceBepe H BOCTOKe CH6HpH. 113B. BCOPfO, T. IX. J\'2 1-
2, 1878. - 3Ta pa60Ta nonoBa 6I:>I.;')a B Tml lKe ro.J,Y
nOQTH lI.OC.'1B!l0 nepeBelI.eH Ha HeMeuKHI'% Sl3bIK (Albin
K 0 h n. SteIn l nstn,lrnente In nordlichen und ostJichen
Sipirien. Zeitschr. fUr Ethnologie, Bd. X,. 1878).
.' 0 He!.! CM.: B H TKO B C K II H. Cu6. COB. 311u:aK.Jl0'
neJIHSI, T. I, CTp. 491. - M. O. 0 B II II H II H K 0 B.
H. J.1. BHTKOBCKHit CHO. apXIIB, 1911, N!:! L - A. H. H B a-
If 0 B C J{ If H. H. 11. BIfTKOBCKIfH. ..-\pxeo.l. 1138. II 3a:\feTKII,
1393. - 11. 11. 51 3 bl K 0 B. 0630p :>KH3HH II TpV..1.0B Pyc-
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{".lIOBeCHOCTli AKaJI.. HaYK, T. 89, .'\"2 8 (no.:J.P06HO YKa3aH":
3aMeTKIf 0 BHTKoBcKml). - Benedvkt D vb 0 W ski.
\\Tspornieni3 biograficzne 0 archeologu i  powstanliJ
polskirn Nikolaju Witkowskim. Swiatowit, 1. XII (Bao-
IU:JR3. 192R). '
I 0 TYHKHHCKHX CTOSlHKax CM.: B. n 0)1. r 0 p 6 v H-
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TYHKHHCKOH KOT.10BHHbl. C60pH. TPy,a:OB npo4>. H npeno-
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2 C. B. 06 p y q e B. TYHr)'ccKHH cacceHH (IO:>KHaSl H
3ana;!.HaH QaCTb), T. I. feo.lJornqecKHfi OqepK. Tp. Bcec.
reo.1I.-pa3Be3.0tIH. 06'be.a.HHeHHSI HKOT CCCP, Bhln. 164.
.\'\.-.rJ.. 1932.
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nOl1YBCTBoBa.l BJIeqeHHe K HaYKe. nYTb K HaYKe.
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..,
OTObIB3Tb CCbI.TJKY Ha nOceJIemm, CHal1a.::Ia B
ce.ll. O.TJOHKH Da.'1araHCKoro oKpyra 11pKYTCKOH
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Y Ky.'IaKOB B O10HKax II A1aJIbTe, nOKa eMY, Ha-
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K ero ..J,Ol1epH. npOIlI.TIO erne 1:IeTbipe ro.n.a, "'npe>K.J.e
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33
KOHqaH TOBapHmaMIi BIITKOBCKoro no BOCCTaHIiIO
60-x rO.lI.OB.
B qllCJIO l1.l1eHOB BCOPfO BHTKOBCKIH1 BCTY-
nHJI B caMoe TSI>Ke.iloe .u..TIH OT.lI.ela Bpe:\ul. 24 IIIOHSI
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1:IIICJIe, 6II6JIHOTeKY OT;J.eJIa, HaCl1HTbIBaBIIlYIO
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223300 3KcnOHaTOB. f1ocJ1.e nO)Kapa BIITKOBCKHM
KaK l1JIeH OT..'I.eJla II KOHcepBaTop MY3e51 OT.rr.aeT
BCIO CBOIO 3HepniIO Ha BOCCTaHOs.rreHl1e YTpa1:leH-
Horo. OueHIITb pe3YlbTaTbI 3TOii .J,e5lTe.TIbHOCTH
M01KHO no COCTOHHIIIO B noc.ile;r..YlOmee BpeMH
MY3eH BCOPfO, BCKope BHOBb nplI06peBlllero
H3BeCTHOCTb Ba)KHeMlllero HaYl1HOrO IleHTpa B .lI.0-
peBOJIIOll.IIOHHOM CII6HpH. 1
CBOIO npaKTlIl1ecKYIO pa60TY KaK nOjJeBoM lIC-
cjJe.lI.OBaTeb-apxeoAor H. H. BIITKOBCKIIM Hal1an
B 1880-1881 rr. pacKonKaMII KIiToMCKoro HeOJIH-
TllqeCKOrO fI.'lOflf.TIbHHKa, npOIl3Bel1eHHbI:\ul II:\! no
lIopyqeHHIO BCOPfO.
f1epBble. CBe.a.eHH5I 0 KliTOHCKOM Morll.TIbHHKe
H. H. nOJIYl1IIJI, eme 6y.n:Yl1lI pa60THHKOM Y TeJIb-
MMHCKoro KYoilaKa, B 1870 r., 3a TPIi ro.rr.a .lI.0
cBoeM nOe3.lI.KH B I1pKYTcK, peIIlHBIlIeM ero
cY;I.b6y. MecTHbIe }KliTeJIIi paccKa3bIBa.;11I eMY,
l1TO Heno.lI.aJIeKY OT YCTbSI p. KliTOSl, Bna.u.aIOmero
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nOBepXHOCTII KOTOpbIX BaJI5IIOTC5I 06JIOMKH 1:Ieno-
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a 1I3pe.lI.Ka BCTpeqaIOTCH Ha BbI.lI.YBax H IleJIble
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6yrpe Hallie.'I HeCKO'IbKO KocTeM l1e.TJOBeQeCKOrO
qepena, MHoro 06JIOMKOB .rr.pyrHx KocTeM II roplll-
KOB H .lI.Ba HecpplIToBbIX HO)Ka. XOHr TaKaH Ha-
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I1pKYTCK, 1927, CTp. 128-129.
2 H. H. B H TKO B C KIln. KpaTKHH OTtleT 0 paCKonKe
fOrH.lbI KaleHHoro nepHO.J.a B I1PKYTCKOA ryo. 1136.
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crp. 1-2.
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«1'vfHeHl1'H HeKoTopbIX 8HTponO.10roB, yrBepJKj{8lO-
mHX, l1TO CH6Hpb He IIMeJIa KaMeHHoro neplIo.n.a
H l1TO HaXO,rJ.HMbIe B HeM Ka:\IeHHbIe 0pY,iJ.HSI-
CJIYl1aHHble HaxO;J.KH». 06meCTBO npH3HaJIO ).J.o-
30.J,bI AranHToBa y6e:.J.I1Te'lbHbI:\IH, C0l1.1I0 Haxo.n.Kn
3ac.ilYLKIIBalOlI1.IIMH BHH:\laHIIH H nocraHOBII.no KO-
:'\t3H.n.npoBaTb BHTKoBcKoro C AranHToBbIM Ha Kn-
TOM }J.JUI npOH3Bo.rr.CTBa TaM apxeOnOrlIl1eCKHX
paCKonOK. AranHTOB He C:\lOr, Bnp01:leM, npHHSITb
Yl1aCTHH B pa60Tax Ha KHToe, II BHTKOBCKIIM
O.lI.HH noexaJI npOH3BO;I.HTb pacKonKH.
Hal1HHaH CBOIO IICCJIe.lI.oBaTe.lbcKYIO .lI.e5lTenb-
HOCTb KaK nOJIeBoi"i HCCJIe,lJ.OBaTe.TIb-apXeOJIor,
H. H. BIITKOBCKIIH He TO7JbKO He HMeJI CneIllIaJIb-
,-
Horo apxeO.l0rHl1eCKOrO 00pa30BaHHH) HO Ii 3a-
KOHl1eHHOrO 06mero. OH .u.a}Ke He KOHqliJi lllKOJIbI
opraHIICTOB.
f1plI paCKonKax KHTOH:CKOrO Morll.nbHHKa HC-
C.""leJI.OB8Te.b ;J.o.!lJKeH 6bIJI .n:.eI'icTBoBaTb TaK, KaJ{
eMY nO..'1.CKa3bIBaJI 3.D.paBbIM CMbIC.a H B3fJI5I.n.bI Ha
3a)lal1H paCKonOK, B KOTOpbIX OH BII;I.e.1J cpe.n.CTBa
K pa3pellleHllIO onpe.u.e.TIeHHbIX HCTOplIl1eCKHX
np06JIe:\l. HMeH nepe.n. c060M J1IIIIIb «HHCTpYK-
Il.HIO .lI.nH HaYl1HOrO HCCJle,lJ.oBaHIIH KypraHOB» Ca-
:\IOKBaCOBa, OH npncTynlln K pa60Te «c HeKOTO-
pbIM TOJIbKO oTcTyneHlIeM OTHOCHTeJIbHO caMoro
,-
cnocooa paCKonKII».
Yl1HTbIBaH, 1:ITO 6yrop, r):{e HaH.1J.eHbI 6bI.TIH Ha
BbI;J.vBax OCTaTKII CKeoileTOB H H3)J.eJIHSI HeO.lII1TH-

l4eCKOH 3nOXH, «He npe;r.CTaBJI51eT B HaCTOHlI1.ef'
BpeM51 II CJIe.llOB IICKYCCTBeHHOH HaCbIllH», IICC.le-
.J.OBaTe:Ib 3aJIO}KIIJI B neCKe ..'I.lOHbI Ha 'BbI;I.YBe
np06HbIll IIlYPCP, npope3aBllllIM c.aOH ceporo pel1-
Horo neCKa, «MOll.J.HOCTbIO B 2 apIII. 3 BepIIIKa».
nOJI.CTHJIaBIIlIIMCSI KpynHoM ranbKoiL B npopbIToM
3aTeM Ha IOrO-3ana.lI.HO:\I KpaIO BbI..'I.YBa TpaHlllee
H8 r.1Jy6I1He 8 BepIIlKoB pa601:lue HaTKHY.JJuCb Ha
KpacHoBaToe nSlTHO, 3aJIeraBillee B cepoM neCKe
B KaHaBe, nepeneHIIKYJISIpHOH no OTHOllleHHIO
K TpaHlllee. 3..'{ecb Ha r.lly6HHe 11 BeplliKoB OT
IIoBepxHocTII II 6bI.JO OTKpbITO nepBoe HeO.7JHTllqe-
CKoe norpe6eHlle. PaCKonKaMIi 1880 r. Y.lI.anOCb
;r,aJIee 06HaPY}KIITb Ha XOlMe eme 10 KOCTHKOB
C cOnpOBO}K.lI.aBIIlIIM HX 60raTbIM II xapaKTepHbIM
KaMeHHbI1 H KOCT5IHbIM HHBeHTapeM.
Pe3y.TIbTaTbI pacKonoK cplIKcHpoBa.nHcb TlI1.a-
TejJbHO II .lI.JIH Toro Bpe:\IeHII 06pa311.0Bo. B )l.HeB-
HilKe paCKonOK nO.D.p06HO OTMe1:lanlICb Bce cyme-
"" "
CTBeHHble .lI.eTaH norpeoeHHII, n0.J10LKeHHe KO-
,-
CTSlKa II npe):{:\-leToB norpeOaJIbHOrO HHBeHTapSl.
CBO.lI.Ka-Ta6.TIHua, B KOHIle pa60TbI BKJIIOl1aBlllaH
Bce ):{aHHbIe 0 cnoc06e norpe6eHlIH, .lI.aBaJIa
TaK}Ke npe.n.CTaB.rreHlIe 0 pacnpe.rr.e.1JeHHH HHBeH-
TapH no lorlI.1Jal; K pa60TaM 6bIJI npH.ll0}KeH Ii
no.n.p06Hblll cnHCOK 06HapYLKeHHbIX BemeH:.
HaXO.1J.KII 1880 r. n03BOnHJIH H. 11. BIITKOB-
CKOMY cpOPMY.:'IlipOBaTb 06Ill.HH BbIBOlI., 1JTO HaM-
.J,eHHble OCTaTKH npIIHa.ll.ne}KaT 1:Ie.;roBeKY, }KHB-
""
llle:\IY B TY 3noxy, Kor.ila ynoTpeo.leHHe MeTa.iI-
.:10B 6bIJIO eMY elI1.e Ht.. BeCTHO H 1JTO cymecTBo-
BaHHe JIIO,lJ.efi KaMeHHOl nepllo.lI.a B CH6HpH
6bI.'l0 BnepBble ;J.OKa3aHO Tenepb He TOlbKO Ha-
XOJI.KaMH OPY;J.Hii Ii3 KOCTn If KaMHH, HO If OCTaT-
J{aHI IIX c06cTBeHHbIx KOCTSIKOB.
B TOM R<e ro;J.Y Ha KHToe no nopyqeHHIO
BCOPfO n06bIBa.1J 4epcKIIM, KOTOpbI:H .rr.a.l 06-
LIJ.YIO xapaKTepllcTHKY MeCTa pacKonoK C reo.1Jorll-
lJecKoii CTOpOHbI H onpe):{elH.TI <paYHHCTHl1eCKHe
OCTaTKH, Hai'I;r.eHHbIe B :\wrmIax. 0 KOCTHbIX
OCTaTKax qeJIOBeKa H3 KHTOHCKIIX pacKonoK 4ep-
CKHH CMor .TJHlllb CKa3aTb, «no He;:r,ocTaTKY :\IaTe-
,-
plIaJIa ).J..7J5I cpaBHeHHSI», l1TO HX TlIn, KaK OOJIee
.'lHHHOrOT}OBbIM, He MO}KeT 6bITb OTHOCIIM K 6y-
PHTCKOMY, II l1TO BblpbITbIe l1epena OT.lllIl1aIOTCH
Bce-TaKH cpaBHIITe.:1bHO ,::I.OBO.TIbHO xopOllllnl pa3-
I3HTlieM.
B c.le.aYIOIIl.eM, 1881 r. BIITK013CKUH npOH3Be'l
Ha KHTOikKO:\I 1\Wrl1lbHO:\I XO.1Me ;wnO.'lHI1Te"lb-
Hble paCKonKH H pacIIlllpIlJl CBOH liCC.iJeJI.OBaHII5I
3a npe;r.e.:IbI 3Toro nYHKTa, B oKpecTHocTHX :\w-
rH.lbHHKa B6.1Jf3H )TTb51 KUT05L P8cKonKH Be.ilHCb
nOnpe)KHeMY TpaHllleHHbII MeTO,iJ.O:\I, npUl1eM Ka-
HaBbI npOK.'Ia;r.bIBa.iIHCb napaoTIJle.1bHo .rrpyr .n.pyry
Ha paCCT05lHUH nO.lyTOpa apIIlHH O,J.Ha OT ..1.PY-
roii. B nOnepel1Ho:\-1 HanpaBleHllH no OTHOllle-
HHlO K KOCTHKa)-l: «KOCTSIKH. .1e)l{aBIIlHe, KaK no-
Ka3a.'l0 HCc.TIe;I:OBaHIIe npoIIl.TIOrO ro;r.a, B nepneH-
.lI.HKY.'lHpHOI\I K KaHaBaM HanpaB.leHHII He :\wr.'lH
OCTaTbCH He3aMeTHbIm». 06HapY)l{HB nHTHO
OxpHCToro neCKa, conpOBOLK..J,aBillee KOCTSIK, pa6o-
11lIe paCKpbIBaJIH 3TO nSITHO H 3a.lleraBlliIlII B He:\1
KOCTSIK Cnell.Ha.lbHbIM paCKonO:\.I, COOTBeTCTBOBaB-
IIlIHI pa3Mepa:\1 nHTHa.
B 1881 r. Ha :\wrlI.TIbHO:\1 XO.1Me B YCTbe KUT051
BHOBb 06HapY}l(eHO ;J.13eHa;r.uaTb HeO.iIHTHl1eCKIIX
norpeGeHHM, CTO.Tlb LKe Tll.J.aTe;;IbHO H nO;I.p06HO
onHcaHHbIX.
TIm,unw .JpeBHlIx r.WfIiJ1, TpaHIIleH:\'m 6bI.1H
3aTpOHYTbl TPH OT;r.e.7JbHbIX CKon.TIeHHSI BelI1.ei1,
Ol1ar H C.ile;I.bI HeCKO.lbKHX orHHm. TIoc.'le OKOH118-
HHH paCKonOK Ha «Morll.TIbHOM 6yrpe» H. H. no-
CTaBIUI CBoell 3a;r.al1ell - nOHCKH MeCT, r;'J.e 0611-
Ta.1H .iJ.peBHHe KIITOMUbI; OH npOH3Be.'l C 3TOM
lI.e.lblO pa3Be):{KH B pH.rr.e .lI.Pyrnx nYHKTOB II Ha
O.il.HO:.\1 113 6yrpoB 06HapYLKH.'I CJle)l.bI HeO.iIIITHl1e-
CKOfO noce.'1eHHH, no ero lHeHHIO, BpeMeHHoro,
Kya «3)J.eIIlHHH a60pllreH 3aXO.lI.IIA Ha KopOTKoe
BpeMH, :\WLKeT 6bITb, TOJIbKO 1m .'IeTO». Ko.ilJIeK-
UHH BemeH, 113BJIel1eHHbIX H3 Mor1IJ1, pacKonaH-
HbIX B 1881 r., 6bwa onlIcaHa CTO.TIb 1Ke Tma-
Te..lbHO, KaK Ii paHee, npU1:IeM aBTop OTl1eTa,
no ero C.,lOBaM, 3a OTCYTcTBlieM .J.OCTaTOl1HOrO
KOJIlIl1eCTBa PHCYHKOB, CTpeMli.l1CH nonO.llHHTb
3TO B03:\lOmHO TOl1Hbnf onlIcaHueM KaLK.J.oH
BelllII. .
B oc06o:i:i Ta6.:lHue 6bI.:m CBe:1.eHbI pe3y.'lbTaTbl
II3MepeHII5I JJ.BYX 1:IepenOB H3 Haxo.n.OK 1880 r. II
.J.BYX )Ke l.JepenOB, HaH;J.eHHblx B 1881 r.
CBe.n.eHlIH 0 HaXO,J.KaX B YCTbe KHTOH 6bICTpO
pacnpocTpaHIi.'lnCb .lI.aJIeKO 3a npe.n:eJIaMU CII-
6HpU. OTQeTbI 0 pacKonKe KIIToMcKoro MorH.TIb-
HHKa 6bWH cpa3Y noc.ore I1X ny6.TIHKall.1IH nO.,l-
HOCTblO nepenel1aTaHbI 13 «TpYJI.ax V Apxeo10rIl-
qeCKOro C'he3,lJ.a», COCTOHBlllerOC5I B TmtwHce.
.5 ORJ1S;lHl!RO!j A. n.
B H05l6pe 1881 r., nOCJIe nepBbIx pacKonoK Ha
KUToe, CH311a."13 no TIHCbMeHHOM)' Coo6w.eHHIo
B. BanlHa - l1JIeHa-KOppecnoH.zr.eHTa IICCJIe.il.OBa-
TeJIbCKOrO 06IllecTBa B IOpbeBe (TapTY), a 3aTe:\f
Ii no neqaTHO:\IV OTl1eTV B «113BeCTIlHx» BCOPfO
 
1I3BeCTHbIll IICCJIe.J.OBaTeTIb HeO"lHTHl1eCKHX naMHT-
HHKOB f1pH6alTHKII fpeBHHr C.J.e.tlaJI Ha 3ace;J.a-
HUll OOll.J.eCTBa COo6Ill.eHlIe 0 KHTOikKOM MOrII.TIb-
HilKe.
3a Te:\1 B «Y mer'e» nOHBH.laCb He60.TJblllaH 06-
""
30pHaH CTaTbH caMoro ClIoHpcKoro HCC.le;I.OBa-
Te.J1H, B KOTOpO:i:i OH .J.a."' KpaTKYIO xapaKTepu-
CTlUi:Y KHToikKoro :\WHI.;IbHI:Ka, a TaK}Ke 06Hapy-
)KeHHbIX HaXOJI.OK H n03HaKO:.\HI.:J 11lnaTe.TJeM co
c;J:e.7JaHHbIMH 11:\1 BbIBO)J,aMII. 1
HHTepec, KOTOpbIH BbI3Ba.J1H IICc.'leJI.OBaHIiH
H. H. BIITKOBCKoro B POCClIM II 3a rpaHHIleii,
nOI-IHTeH.
3Hal1eHHe Haxo,10K BHTKOBCKoro onpe)J.e.1'IH.l0Cb
YLKe TeJ\.J, l1TO KUTOJ1cKHil :\lOfll.lbHHK OKa3aJJC.SJ
He TO.'lbKO B Cu6Hpn, HO H Boo6IlI.e B POCCHli,
nepBbIM 6eccnopHbIM MorH.'lbHHIW;\I CTOoilb paHHei1
3nOXII. 3TO 6bWH nepBble, CTaBIIlIIe H3BeCTHbIMU
'"
HaYKe norpeOeHH51 C HeO.TJHTHl1eCKIIM HHBeHTapeM
Ha TeppHToplIH CCCP. Heo.llITHl1eCKHe norpe6e-
HIIH ceBepa EBponeMcKoM POCCHIi CTa.1H H3BeCTHbI
TO.lbKO B nOC.Je..'1.HHe rO,lJ.bI, a nepBbIM MaccoBbIM
:\lOrH.lbHIIK HeO.TIHTII1:IeCKOrO BpeleHH Ha
o. O.leHbe:\1 OHeLKCKoro 03. nO.J.BeprcSI CHCTeMa-
flIl1eCKOMY IICC.:1el{OBaHHIO TO.'IbKO B 1936 r.
PacKonKli B YCTbe p. KIIT051, npoIl3Bo;:r,HBlliHeC5J
B Tel1eHHe ,lJ.BYX neT H )J.aBillHe 06H.ilbHbIM :.\IaTe-
pna.'1 H3 24 lI.e.1HKO:\I coxpaHHBIIlHxCSI, HeHapy-
,., 
IIleHHblX norpeoeHHH, BCIO 3TY 3aMel1aTe"'1bHYIO,
nOIICTIfHe «KpacImYlo», e.n.IIHcTBeHHYIO TOr)la
B POCCHH, KOJIJIeKlI.lIlO, n03BO.'IH.JH H. 11. BIITKOB-
CKO:\lY BnepBble «Ha:\lenITb 06lI1.lIe KOHTypbl
}KH3HlI cH6npcKoro a60pHreHa». HCCJIe.n;oBaTeJlb
:\IOr Tenepb He TO.llbKO YBepeHHO nHcaTb 0 )J.eM-
CTBIITe"lbHOM Ha.1JHl1lIli nal\IHTHIiKOB «cH6IIpCKOrO
KaMeHHoro BeKa», HO H 06pllCOBaTb «cp1l3H1:IeCKlie
YCJlOBIIH». B KOTOpbIX CYlI1.eCTBOBaJIIi JIIO,lUI C1I61Ip-
CKoro HeOJIIITa. feOJIOrlll1eCKHe Ii KJIUMaTlIl1eCKlIe
I 113B. BCOprO, T. XI, N!! 3-4, 1880, I1pKYTcK, 1881,
CTp. 13; H. H. B H TKO B C K H H. KpaTKHH OHer 0 pac"
l,onKe Morlf.lbI KaMeHHoro nepIIo,na B I1PKYTCKOi'i. ry6.
113B. BCOPfO, T. XI, oN!! 3-4, 1880, crp. 1-12; 0 H :H{ e.
o pe3YJIbTaTaX pacKonoK .npeBHHx MOrH.1J, npHHall.1Je:H{a-
lllHX KaMeHHoMY BeKY. 113B. BCOPfO, T. XII, N!! I; 0 H
:H{ e. OTtleT 0 pacl<Ofi!<ax Morml KaMeHHoro BeKa B
I1pKYTcKoH ry6., Ha ileBOM 6epery AHrapbl, npoH3Be,a.eH-
HbIX JIeTOM 1881 r. (c KapTOIO H Tpe:\IH Ta6;uru.aMil PH-
CYHKOB). 113B. BCOPfO, T. XIII, N!! 1-2, CTp. 1-36.-
Cp.: H. 11. B If TKO B C K H H. 0 paCKonKe MOrH.iI KaMeH-
Horo BeKa B Mph.1'TCKOH ry6. B 1881 r. Tp. V Apxeo.i1.
C'be3a. (ITepenetzaTaHo H3 113BeCTHH BCOPfO, T: XI,
h 3-4; T. XIII, N!! 1-2); N. I. Witkoffski. Om
en Grafhog Aran stenaldern i guvernementet Irkutsk
( MOrH..lbHHKe KaMeHHoro BeKa B I1pKYTCKOii ry6epHHli).
Imer, 1882, H. 7, CTp. 201-205. - G. G r e win g k.
Eine ostsibirische Graberstatte des Steinzeitalters. Neuen
D6rpat Zeitung, eingehaltend den Sitzungberichte der
geJehrten Esthn. Gesellsch. zu D6rpat, 4 Nov 1881
D6rpat, 1882. -Ill e r .'1 0 B. A60pHreHbI I1PKYTCKOH ry:
oepHlIH no pacKonKaI H. 11. BHTKoBcKoro. CH6HPb, 1882,
.': 18 If 19.

34
lJ:ACTb L HCTOPIIR .HCC.1JE.QOBAHIIR H XPOHO1"OrHR rrA:\UITHIIRO
r.TIABA I. HCTOPIIJ-I HCClE;lOBAHHH nPHSAPlRA.TJbCROrO BEOJllITA
35
Ji.aHHbIe, <paYHa, a CTIeOBaTeJIbHO, II <pJIopa TOll
3TIOXII CTaJIH YfI<e BnO'JHe 5ICHbDHI. OXOTa II
"
pbIOHa5I .10B.:I5I, KaK OCHOBHoe 3aHRTHe KHToi'iueB,
xapaKTep nOCeneHI:\JA 11 npOII3BO)J.CTBeHHbIll HHBeH-
Tapb, OTpa>KalOw.uM TPY.il.OBOM 6b1T. 11, HaKOHeu,
TaKue cywecTBeHHbIe l1eprbI 6bIT3, OTHOC5IIlUleCH
K 06JIaCTH H)J.eo.l0rJlH, KaK rrorpe6a.'JbHblfr pHTya.TI
H npe.n.CTaB.leHHR 0 3arpOOHO:\.f l\IHpe, ObI.mI
TaK1Ke pa3'b5ICIieHbJ B HX OCHOBhbIX l1epTaX 1I111
BeCbla CYIlJ.eCTBeHHbIX .lI.eTa.rIHX. 11cCJle,J.OBaTeJIb
C.lI.elaJl, TaKHM 06pa30JI, Bce, qTO 6bI.TJO T9r.n.a
B ero CH.1JaX JJ..iI5I nOC.Tle)l.OBaTe.rIbHOro HCnOJIb30-
BaHIIH CBOHX HaXO,J.OK, KaK HCTOpnl1eCKOrO IICTOl1-
HIIKa, a iaTepHaoilbI ero TpY,!1a 0 HeO. I UlTIIl1eCKIIX
norpe6eHUHX Ha KHToe .n.o CIIX nop COXpaH5IIOT
CBoe 3Hal1eHHe <PYH.El,aMeHTa.TJbHOrO BK.Tw,[(a B cn-
6UPCKYIO apxeO10rHIO.
11ccleJI.OBaHlIe KUTOlICKoro !OrU.'1bHIIKa -
I'...1aBHaR HaYLJHaH 3ac.TIyra H. 11. BHTKOBCKoro
B 06JlaCTU apxeO10rIlH. KpO:\Ie Toro, OH BnepBbIe
B 1887 r. 06Hapyn:{HJI ;rpeBHniI :\lOrmlbHHK
B Lla3KoBcKmI npe,J,:\recTbe r. 11pKYTcKa,
y «DpHIOTa», r.n.e OTKpbI.TI He TOJIbKO OCTaTKU
norpe6eHIIII, HO H ..1.pyrHe 6bITOBbie nmlHTHHKH,
CBH3aHHble C HeOHTUl1eCKH)'1 TIOce.TIeHneM.'
Bo06w.e Me BIITKOBCKuil He OrpaHHl1HBa.1JCH
n3yqemIet norpe6eHui1. Ew.e BO Bpel\1H paCKonOK
B YCTbe KIlTOR OH IICCJle.il.OBa.1, KaK CKa3aHO no-
,
ce.TIeHH5I, npHHa.J}Ie)KaBIlIHe, no ero :.\meHHIO,
JIIO.lI.HM, noxopOHeHHbu.I B MorH.TJbH1IKe.
B 1882 r. HM 6bJ.iIa ocyw.eCTBleHa apxeo.lofll-
l1eCKaH nOe3;I.Ka B .il.OaUHY \HrapbI OT 11pKYTcKa
.lI.0 YCTbH p. TaeeBoii, OTKpbIT p5I;I. IIHTepeCHbIx
naMH.THIIKOB npOIllJ10rO, B TO:\I 1fUCJle neTpor.TJH<p bI
Ha KaMeHHbIx O-Bax, a T3KiKe H3Yl1eHa H3Be-
CTHaH CTOHHKa Ha p. LJ:a:.L06eu., re 11:\1 BnepBbIe
..1.J1H HU30BbeB AHrapbI 6bI.'lIl CH033 HalneHbI II
OCT3TKn norpe6eHIIM. 2 OH nepBbIii 06paTlI1 BHU-
MamIe Ha 3aMe t IaT2.TJbHble HaXO,J.KU Ie,1Hblx II
6pOH30BbIX H3.zr.elHli B TaeLKHofI nO.TIOce Cn6HpH
II - 33AOJIrO ,U.O pa60T Hcc.le.J.OBaTE'.1eM HOBeH:-
llIero Bpe)'leHH i\leprapTa 11 COCHOBCKoro - BbI-
CKa3a.TI B nIICb-fe K lI.. H. AHYl1HHV lIIbIC.lb 0 CV-
w.eCTOBaHIIII 3.rr.eCb naMRTH1IKOB ileCTHOH: 6POH-
30Bon Ky.'1bTypbI: «LJ,0 CUX nop Ia.10, TOQHee Hll-

l1ero, He ObI.1J H3BeCTHO 0 H3XO>KJI.eHnU Me;I.HbIX
opy.n.lIH: B Da.TIaraHCKO,[ oKpyre, - nnca.11 H. 11.
BHTKOBCKuii. - EC.;1H npI1HRTb BO BHfnr3Hfie, qTO
Opy.n.UH 3TH opHa:\IeHTOM, a HeKOTopble II CPOp:\fOlO
3HaqHTe.TIbHO OTJIHl1alOTCH OT HaXO.JInlbIX B J{.:WC-
Clll1eCKIIX :\IeCTOHaXOLK;1,eHJIHX Cu6apn - IvlnHY-
CIIHCKOM oKpyre, l\lO>KHO .10nYCTHTb, "liTO Dala-
raCBll oKpyr  :\Ie.rr.HbIH nepno,:.l. npe:r.CTaB.;-JH.l
coaOH HeKOTopbIfi CaJlOCTOHTC.lbHbIH u.eIITp».3 He-
3a.zr.0lro .rr.o OlepnI BHTKOBCKHM HalepeH ObI.;-J
npeJInpIIHHTb T3K)Ke 60.1ee n.rIaHO:\IepHble IT IIlH-
pOKHe 06c.l1e.rr.OBaHIIH na;\IHTHHKOB Kal\leHHOro
I H. H. BUT K 0 B C K H if. C,e.%I Km.leHHcro BeKa B
,aomme p. AHrapbl. j,bB. BCOP[O T XX ]\0 1 1889
2 Ta! >Ke ' . - , -, .
 dlanKa BHTKOBCKoro», ApXiB Apxeo.1J. OT.:t. HpK)'TCK.
:.1Y3e1. [4epHOBHK ni!CbMa ll. H. AH\,I.(HHY OT H. 11. BHT-
KOBCKoro (1 vn 1892)]. 
BeKa B CII6Hpn. OH npe)1:nO.lara.1J COCTaBHTb KapT}
HaXO.il,OK KaMeHHbIX OPY)J.IlM II, B CBH3II C H3XO.J,-
Kam H3JJ.em1M 113 He<ppHTa B HCO.1JHTlIl1eCKHX no-
rpe6eHlIHX H nOCeJIeHlUIX, 3aHIIMaJ1CH BOnpOCOl\.1 0
H€<ppHTe HerO CII6HpCKIIX MeCTOHaXO>KLJ;eHlI5:1X.
O.n.HIDI H3 nOC.TJe,lI,HHX -npe.zr.npHHTIIII, KOTopbIe Ha-
l\Iel1a.TI H. 11. BHTKoBCKHM, no C.l0BaM 1\1. D. 08-
l1!lHHHKOBa, ,U.OJIfKHa 6blla 6bITb HX COBMeCTHa5I
3KCKypCHH C nCTOKOB l1pKYTa K CiO YCTblO. 1
B HeKpOJIOre, nocBHw.eHHO:\1 nal\lHTH nOKO!I-
Horo, A. I1B3HOBCKHM cnpaBejJ,JIHI30 OHi, eTIIJI l1TO
3pXeOJIOrHl1eCKIIC TPYJI.bI «CHHCKa.11I H. H. BHT-
KOBCKOl\1Y 3aCJIYfKeHHYlo U3BeCTHOCTb B Yl1e-
HOM Mllpe II .il,aJ1H npaBO eMY Ha n01:leTHOe MeCTO
B HeMHor01:lHC'IeHHOM Cel\lbe Hcc.TIe.zr.oBaTe.lefi
Cn6IIpH».2
TPYJJ.bI H. 11. BIITKoBcKoro B 11pKYTcKe HeYTO-
MIIMO npo;r:o.'lLKa'I 3aTeM Nt D. OBl1HHHHKOB,3 na-
l1HHa5I C 90-x rO.il,OB XIX B. H Bn.!lOTb ;'1.0 ca:\wii
CMepTlI, nOCJIe.lI.OBaBIIleM B 192! r. OH TOfKe
6bJ.iI .. nOlmTllqeCKIIM CCbI.;-JbHbIM. ApecTo-
BaHHbIli B 1887 r. 3a Y1:lacTlie B ;I.eHTeollbHOCTH
napTHII «HapO.il..HaH BOJIH», .M. D. 6bIJI BbICoilaH
Ha KpaMHIIM CeBep, B <<::\tecTa oT.n.aJIemible», HO
OKa33.TICH 6JIaroAap5I 60Jle3HII BMeCTO BepxoHHcKa
B OleKl\IHHcKe. C Tex nop OH npOl1HO, HaBcer,rr.a,
ocejI B CII611pH II ew.e B O.!leKMIIHCKe npOSIBIiJi
rolly60KHM HHTepec K 3ToM cTpaHe, K ee HaceJle-
HIIIO IIr nporn.loMY, CTa.l 3THorpa<p01 U apxeo.10-
rOM. K apxeo.110flm OBl1lIHHHKOB npHIIleJi 6JIaro-
.zr.apR O.il.HOMY HeO}KH.rr.aHHOMY c.1Yl1alO HMeBllIeMV
feCTO BO Bpe:MSI ero npe6bIBaHIlH B o.iIeKl\.[JIHCKoh
CCbIoilKe.
.lJ.06blBaH x.1Je6 <pH3Hl1eCKHM TPY.lI.O:\I, OH KaK
npocToM 3e:\l.leKon npHHIBlaJI Y118CTHe B npOBe)J.e-
HHII JI.OpOLKHOro nOoll0THa y OJIeK;\iHHCKa II He-
l1aHHHO HaTKHYCH Ha OCTaTKII l1enOBe1:leCKOrO
KOCTHKa, COnpOBO>K;I.aBIIllIeCH u3,J.e.llI5IMH H3
KalHH..II KOCTU. 3TO 6bI.1Ja nepaaSI, CT3BIIlaH JI3-
BeCTHoH B HaYKe, Haxo.rr.Ka peBHero norpe6eHlIH
TaKoro po;r:a Ha p. JIeHe. 4 DocJIe HaxOAKH 3Tora
norpe6eHIlH OBl1HHHHKOB 06HappKI-I.1 B6JIH3H
O.lleKMHHCKa TaKfKe II CoIle.1bI HeOlHTHl1eCKHX no-
celeHHii: C Ka:VleHHbnm 0pY'ulHm H I<epaMHKOM.
DepeexaB B 1891 r. B I1pKYTCK, 1\1. D. OBl1HH-
HUKOB B COTpY..1.HHLIeCTBe C H. 11. BIlTKOBCKH;\:I
3aHSI.I1CH KpaeBe;I:l1ecKoM p360ToM. DOJIbIIle Bcero
C,l{eol13HO OBqHHHHKCBbIM ,J..TISI H3Yl1eHHH KaMeH-
Horo BeKa B paii:oHe l1pKYTcKa. C 1891 no
1921 1'. 1\1. D. OBLIHHHIIKOB BbITIOJIHHJl OOJIbIIlYIO
pa3Be.n.0 11H YIO pa60Ty.1 TIoc.1Je pa3Be.zr.oK M. TI.
B oKpecTHocTSIX HpKYTcKa Tpy.n.HO HaMTII HOBbIe
BmKHbIe naMHTHHKII, KOTOpbIX 6bI He 3HaJI H He
BHJI.e.TI 3TOT HeYTOMIIlbIM, HeCMOTpH Ha CBOH
npeKJIOHHbIe rO)J.bI, apxeOJIOr-pa3Be.lI.11IlK. !laLKe II
B .J,aHHoe BpeIH, Kor.lI.a nOJIO}KeHHe H3MeHHJIOCb
KopeHHbIl\.l 06pa30:\'I, Kor.zr.a HaMe1:lalOTCH KOHTYPbI
apxeO.ll0rHl1eCKOM KapTbI Bcero llpH6aMKaJIbH "
ero BaLKHeMIIlIIX B apXeOJIOrlI1:IeCKOM OTHOIIIeHHII
paMoHoB: 5aMKaJIbCKOrO n06Cpe}KbH, JleHbI, HH-
30BbeB Ce.leHrii Ii AHrapbI OT I1pKYTcKa Jl.0 €e
YCTbH, BKJIa.zr. M. TI. OBl1lIHHHKOBa COXpaH5IeT
u , u u
CBon OOLTIbIIlon VAeJIbHbIlI Bec.
.,
,lJ,OJIrOBpeMeHHbIM onbIT c06HpaTeJI5I H npHpo.n.-
HaH Ha6JIIO.n.aTeJIbHOCTb Bblpa60TaJIII B HeM: Ka-
l1eCTBa 6JIeCTSIw.ero pa3Be.lI.11IIKa, CBoero pO.lI.a
HHTYUI.I.IIIO. «4eM II KaK PYKOBO.zr.CTBOBaJiCSI
OBl1llHHIIKOB np" CBOHX OTKpbITHSIX, OH II caM He
3Ha.l1, HO, nplIexaB KY.lI.a-HH6Y.lI.b, 6bICTpO oplIeH-
THpOBa.TJCH II np5IMO nplIxo.lI.IIJI Ha TO l\IeCTO, r;lI.e
HaXO;I.IIJIaCb ,!l,OIlCTOplIl1eCKaH CTOSIHKa», - He 6e3
OCHOBaHHH H He 6e3 OTTeHKa 3aBHCTII rOBOplIJIII
o HeM BnOCJIe.n.CTBIIH.
XapaKTepHO, 1:ITO caM M. D. OBqHHHHKQB, 06-
H3PYLKIIBIIllIM pH;!. HOBbIX MOrIIJIbHHKOB, He paCKO-
...
naJI caM JIlIl1HO HII O)1:Horo HeTpOHYToro norpeoe-
HUH. Ha HeI .TIeLKa.TIa, KaK nOJIara.TI OH caM, MIIC-
CHH 3aw.HTbI II cnaceHHSI nOrlI6alOw.IIX JJ.peBHO-
cTeM, a .zr.aJIbllIe 3Toro OH IITTII He CMeJI, C1:IHTaH
ce6H He BnpaBe OTBaLKIIBaTbCH Ha pa3pYIIleHHe
naMSITHHKOB, Ha paCKonKY. CJIyqaJIIiCb Ha 3TOM
nOqBe II Kypbe3bI. TaK, KorAa OBl1lIHHIIKOB Ha-
IIleJi HeOJIHTHqeCKlIe norpe6eHHH Ha npaBoM 6e-
pery AHrapbI, 11M 6bIJIO npHH5ITO peIIleHHe coxpa-
HIITb 3TII MOrIIJIbI, xapaKTepH30BaBIIlHeCH XOpOllIO
Bblpa1KeHHbIMII npH3HaKaMH HeO.TIlITHl1eCKIIX no-
" ..
rpeoeHHII, .iI.TIH paCKonOK C «rr. 3KcKypcaHTaMII»
113 I.I.eHTpa. DOKa OH }K.lI.a.TI «Yl1eHbIX rr. 3KCKYP-
caHTOB», HaIIlJIIiCb. HHble OXOTHIIKII )1.0 paCKonOK
II «BbIKpa.I1II», no ero c.TIOBa:\i, HaM.n.eHHbIe 11M
norpe6eHIIH. 2
B CBH31I C 3TII:\1 B 60.iIbllIIlHCTBe c.JYl1aeB Ha
npe;I.MeTax 113 HaXO.lI.OK OBl1HHHUKOBa CTOIIT
TO.lbKO KpaTKaH nOMeTKa, HanpU:\lep TaKa5I:
«f.TIa3KOBO, nplI KOCTHKe 1904 r.», a B perllcTpa-
I M. 0 B G H H H H K 0 B. H. H. BHTKOBCKHiL Cu6. i\ p x
1911, ]\Q 1. . -,
2 A. 11 B a HOB C K H H. H. 11. BHTKOBCKUH (HeKpo.lor).
Axeo.,.. 113B. II 3aMeTIm, M., 1893, N!! }, CTp. 47-48.
o 1'1. IT. OBGHHHIIKOBe CM.: B. K y 0  .1 0 B. BeTepaH
«HapO..:lHOH Bo.:IH.?>. KaTopra H CCbl.1Ka, .J\Q 5 (12), 1\1.,
1924. - n. n. X 0 p 0 III II X. M. n. OBtIHHHHKOB KaK
KpaeBeJ:. Cn6. JKIIBaH CTapnHa, II, 1924 (co cncKo1
.THlTepaTypbl 0 M. n. H YKa3aTe.le1 era paf.oT).-
B. H. 0 r 0 p 0 .:t H n K 0 B. M. n. OBtInHHHKoB. 1l.a.'lbHe-
BOCT. Te.lerpa1J, 1921, AQ 7.
-4 M. n. 0 B tI H H H Ii K 0 B. nOHCHHTe.'lbHaH 3anllCKa K
BelllaM, Haii:.J:eHHblM y r. O.leKmHcKa 5iKYTCKOH o6.1acTH
H npHCo"aHHblM B AHTpono.1JOrH'leCKHH OT.J,e.l. H3B. OnE..\.
npH .'10CK. YHHS., 1890, T. XVIII; Tp. AHl'pOno.iJ. OT.<1.,
XII: llHeBH. AHTpono.1J. oU., Bbln. 3, CTp. 93-94.
I l13BecTHo, tITO apxeo.ilOrntIeCKHM pa3Be.ZJ,KaM 1\1..11. OB-
'UIHHHKOB Mor Y.ZJ,eJIHTb TO.'lbKO npa3i1.HH'lHble .lleTHHe JI.HH.
B 3TH AHH Oll 6pa.'I GaifHuK, rop6YIllKY x.'le6a, 60JIb-
Illdi HO>K H Ille.'I 3a ropOi!.. 3a npe!l.e.ilaMH ropolta M. 11.
oCMaTpHBa.'I BO)J.OIOHHbl. pBbl, HMbl II >Ke.lle3HOil. O pO>KHbIe
BbIe:>IKH, «GTO le>Ka.'IO cBepxy. npHMo oTnpaB.IlHJIOCb B
CYMKY, GTO HaXO.ZJ,H.10Cb B 3e:>I.lle BbIKanblBalOCb orrYila
HO>KOM». .LI.o!\.la Ha Belll.aX CTaBII.:1HCb nOleTKH: «B[» -
Bepxo.lleHCKaH [opa, «I...J.. 1l..» - I...J.npb-1l.eBIILLa, 'K»--
KY3b!\.lHxa. 4alll.e >Ke BelltlJ CKJIa!l.bIBanHCb B «KOMHaTe»
At n. Bcema nGMHHBIllero 6uorpaq>mo Ka>KiI.OrO npeJI.feTa
C nopa3HTe.:tbHoif HCHOCTblO H TOGHOCTblO. HaKon.lleHHe >Ke
BellteH Ill.1l0 6bICTpO; TaK, HanpHMep, B O.J:HOM H3 nHceM
A1. I1. coo611ta.iJ Apxeo"lOrnGeCKOH Ko:.mCCHH, GTO «Bcex
Bellteii y leHH Ha PYKax B HaCT05lluee BpeMH, CGHTaH H
Me.iJKlle cKpe6ollKu, OKOJIO 3000, secm.! OKO.l0 nY.!la» (CH6.
OrHH, 1922, N!! 4, CTp. 99-105).
2 A. ..i1 H H b K 0 B. Apxeo.10mlleCKHe 3KCKypCHH. CH6.
apXHB, 1911, !! 1, c11'. 19.
5*
I.I.IIOHHbIX onlICHX HpKYTCKoro MY3eH 06bIQHble
CBe,!1eHIIH TaKoro xapaKTepa: «HaKOHel1HIIK KonbH
H3 HectJPHTa C OTTOl1eHHbIM npHMbIM JIe3BlIeM,
CJIOMaHHbIM 06YXOM II OTTOl1eHbIMII pe6paMII,
;I,JIIIHa 165 MM, IIllIpHHa 67 MM; TaKoM HaKOHel1-
HHK ynoTpe6JIH1.CH, BepoSITHo, npHKpenJIeHHbnI
o.zr.HIIM KOHlI.O:\1 B JI.peBKO npH OXOTe Ha XIIllJ,HbIX
3BepeH:, a Mo:lKeT 6bITb H Ha "lIe...l0BeKa. HaM,il.eH
npH KOCTHKe 24 MaR 1901 r. nliKeT 15=2».1
06cTaHoBKY, B KOTOpOM M. D. OBl1lIHHIIKOB
BeJ1 CBOIO pa60TY no cnaceHHIO 3aMCQaTeJIbHbIX
HeO.1JHTHQeCKHX rrorpe6emrii B f.133KOBO, Bblpa3II-

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TeJlbHO pHcyeT 01I.HH H3 ero OTtleTOB 1901 r.:
«12-ro MaSI 1'<IHOM nOCTaBJleH 6bI.TJ }.I..TIH Ha6.11O.rr.e-
... Q
HIISI 3a paOOTa)1II Ha LKeJIe3HOJ1.0pOLKHOlI BbIe:\IKe
B fJIa3KOBO CJIYLKIITeJIb MY3eH, .zr.a6bI H3M!leHHble
Bew.1I H.TIII KOCT5IKH He nponaolllI 6bI 6eCCJIe.lI.HO H
He 6bI.TIH 6bI OTBe3eHbI B HaCbITIb pa60111I:\HI Ta-
Tapar.m, pa60TaBIIlH;\.tJI B 3TO:\I Kapbepe. 51 }Ke
OTnpaBII,TICH .rr..TlSI OCMOTpa .lI.PyrlIx KapbepOB. B03-
... ..
Bpaw.aHCb oopaTHO, H YCJIbIIIla.TI 3Hepn111Hbm KpHK
CJ1Y>KHTelSI, 3BaBlIlero l\IeHH TaK: «l1}1.IITe, 1IJI.IITe
CKopee!». Do.n.6e>KaB K HeJIY, H YBII,'J;e.TI .TJeLKaw.ue
Ha nOBepXHOCTH 6HTble KOCTH nepB06bITHOrO qe-
.rIOBeKa, TaTapbI H ,rr.pyrlIe pa6011He 3HeprHl1HO
1 APXHB HPKYTCK. My3eH. HHBeHTapHble onHCH Apxeo-
.iIOrnGeCKOrO OT!l.e.rra 3a 1910-1929 rr.

311
qACTb I. nCTOPHfl IiCC."'IE,1.0BAHIIR Ii "XPOfiO."IOrHfl n.-\l\UfTHIlHOB
rIABA I. HCTOPHB HCC.'IEOBAHIUI nPliBAHRA.iIbCKOrO HEO!IH1'A
37
pbI.'IHCb B IOHHOt neCKe, H3BJIeKaH KOCTHHble
6YCHHbl H npOl1lle np, ell:\leTbI 6e3LKa.:10CTHO .10-
'"
.MaoillI II KOBepKa.11I HX; OCTaHOBIITb 3TO He ObI.TIO
B03MQ)I{HOCTlI».1
B «laTepllalcrx no H3Yl1eHHIO naHITHIlKOB
;r.peBHOCTeH» OBtIHHHHKOB paCCKa3bIBaeT, KaK OH
,.,
XO;I.JI.TI no H3Cbllln II coonpa.1J qepena II BelllH, Ba.
..lHBIIlHeCH OIW.'IO 3e:\I.1HHbIX BbleMOK Ha Cal\lOn
HaCbITIH, yroBapHBaH pa604HX He YHHl1To:maTb Ha-
XO;I.Kli. OBl1HHHHKOBY Y;J.a.10Cb, OHaIW, TO.:IbKO
BbIHCHHTb, l1TO «HeMa.;JO TonopOB BbIBe3:m B H3-
CbIllb, H pa30mm B :\.te.ITKHe ;r.pe6e3rH. H co:mr.'HI
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11. T. CaneHKoB.
OKOTJ:O 100 1repenoB, 11 113 Bcex npe.:I,:\teTOB. KaKIIE'
BCTpel1a.ll1Cb npH KOCT.s:IKe, OHII opa.lll TO.iIbKO
KO.1JbUa 113 6e.1Joro He<pPHTa, OCTaabHble )Ke Bell1.lI.
KaK TO: HO:mH, TonopbI, CTpe.'!bl, ;r:O.'lOTa, cBa.lIIBa-
.1JIICb B HaCblllb». Pe3y.lbTaT, BbI3BaHHblii pa3ro-
Bopa:\-tH Nt O. C pa6011JUUI, TaIOKe OKa3a.1CH He-
YTeIlIHTJIbHbDL «Pa6011He, KaK II c.TJe,J.OBa.'l.O 0)K1I-
.n.aTb, BBRny HeCX01CTBa JIpeBHl-IX oPY:1.lIif C HbI-
HeIllHHMII, OTHOCH.iIHCb K )lOIIM C10B3l\I CKenTH-
tIeCKIf, nOJI03peBaH, 1:ITO KaMHH, Ha KOTopble
npolIlY 06paTHTb BHHMaHHe, He TonopbI, Ho:mH
II np., HO KaMHH .aparoueHHble, a nOTO:\IY CTapa-
mICb CKpblTb HaXO,J.KY: TaKH}t 06pa30M ::\tHoro
apxeo.'IOrJi1IeCKOro JI06pa npona.'!o 6eCCJIeAIIO.
C006pa31IB, l1TO \1O:mHO, 5IK06bI, 3apa60TaTb XO-
pOIIIlle .n.eHbfl-I Ha 3TIIX «,rrparOll.eHHOCTHX», Ha-
XO,lJ,l1HKH yCTaHOBII.1'UI CBoero pO.lI.a TaKCY H CTa.'1H
.
I APXIIB Apxeo.'I. on. I1PKYTCK. MY3eSJ, «nanKa OB-
'l.HHHHKOBa» .
Tpe60BaTb C MY3e5I 3a OCKO.'!OK He3aBu.1HOII n.:la.
CT11HKH no py6JIIO, a OJ.IJIH nOTpe60Ba.'1 1000 py6-
JleH. 3a He6oJIblilOe Hepl11"OBOe KO.)lbll.O». «4TO
LKe KacaeTCH KOCTHKOB, TO 3a Hel\1HOnDm HCK.iIlO-

'l1eHIISI:\m Bce OHB, YMbIIIl.lleHHO - pa30HTbIe, 3aKO-
HaHbI B H3Cblllb H 6pOIIIeHbI, tIeI\1Y Hela.1I0 cno-
C06CTBOBaJJH II CTpOIlTe.TIH ;I:oporH - HH:meHepbI.
npOTHBo.n.eJICTBOBaBlIllIe MoeMY KOJI.rreKUIIOHllpO-
BaHHlO, He rOBOp5I Y>Ke 0 no,J.p5I;I.tH1KaX» , - C He-
rO;I.OBaHlIe;\I on.Iel1a.TI 1\-1. O. OBl1IIHHI1KOB.
OpaB;I.a, B KOHll.e KOHUOB >Ke1e3HOAOpO)l(Hoe
Hal1a.;JbCTBO nOIII.iIO Ha «YCTynKY» H pa3pelIlllJIO
Q 
e:\IY XO,J.UTb no HaCbITIH :meJIe3HOli .rr.oporH II COOJI-
paTb «apxeo.TIOnIl1eCKHe BelIl.II», HO nOCTaBII.TIO
 Q
YC.;-J.OBHe).l 005I3aTe.!lbHYlO C;J.3QY H3B,n.eHHbIX Be-
J.JJ.eM B KOHTOpy I Y4acTKa 3a6aMKa1bcKoM 1Ke-
:re3HoM ;I.oporH. Ha 3TO npe.rr..101KeHlIe «npocBe-
ll1.eHHbIX rf. HH:meHepoB» M. O. c HerOOBaHlIeM
OTBeTlI.TI 01Ka30:\'1 II nlIca.iI n03LKe, l1TO «:mele3HO-
opo:mHoe Ha4aJIbCTBO cnoc06cTBoBa.TIO, MO>KHO
Ka3aTb, fHOeJll1 60ra1"eH.lilerO 1:31"epI13a, He
npHHRB ca:\l0 HIIKaKHX Mep H He ,J.onYCTIIB Jl3 He-
nOHRTHOH peBHOCTH .n.pyrlIx K cnaceHHIO HaYl1HOrO
60raTCTBa».1
lJ.a*e II B TaKHX YC.TIOBII5IX 6bI.:1O cnaceHO Te:\I
He MeHee 6Q.TlbWOe KO.:IHl1eCTBO ueHHbIX BelIl.eH,
co6paHa 33\eQ3TeJlbHa5i KO.'lJIeKlil15I K3MeHHbiX
H3.iI.e.TJIIM, -IHOfO HecppliTOBbIX TonopOB, KOleu II
,J.HCKOB, H306pa1KeHIIM pbI6, 113,lJ,e.1JIIM H3 KorTH
(B TOM 11lIC.lle ,[J,Be KOCTHHbIX aHTpono:\wpcpHbIX
CKY.iIbnTYPbI), e,n:IIHCTBeHHoe B CBoeM pO)le c06pa-
HlIe H3,!J.eJIuii 113 l\-Ie,IT.1I Jl 6POH3bI, BK.1J101:IalOlIl.ee

.1lHCTOBH;l.Hble KHH>KaJlbI, KO.1bJJ,a -«opaCJIeTbI»,
61J5IIIlKH, <pparMeHTbI KOT.1JOB, 6.1JH3KIIX no Tuny
K CKII<PCKII}L
MHOrOl1HCJleHHble KO.1J.'IeKmm, c06paHHbIe
OBl1HHHIIKOBbIM npn 06C.TIe,IT.OBaHHHX pa3.TJHl1HbfX
na:\IHTHHKOB 0pH6aHKa.:IbH, xpaHHTCSI B I1pKYT-
CKOl MY3ee, B J1eHHHrpa;I.e B Iv\Y3ee aHTpOnOJIO-
fHII H 3THorpa<pHl1 AKa;:r,eMHI HaYK, B l\-10CKOB-
CKOM HCTOpHl1eCKOf MY3ee. PHA apxeo.1JOr11l1eCKHX
'"
paOOT pa3HbIX aBTopOB CBH3aH C HaXO.lI.KaMli
OB1:IIIHHIIKOBa-c06HpaTe1R. Ho ca:\1 OH HanHca.'1
Deero .TIHIIlb TO.'lbKO O}1.HY KpynHYIO apxeO.;JOrlIl1e-
CKYlO CTaTblO,2 pa:nlepOM U 15 eTpaHHJJ" f;I.e
C>KaTO I13.10}KII.TJ BCIO HCTOpHIO CBOHX apxeo.lorH-
lIeCKH}(,. IIcc.::reJJ:oBaHuM B I1pKYTcKe, lC.'III, PYKOBO-
.JJIBlIllie HM nplI 3TO}I, H BbIBO,J.bI, K KOTOpbIM ero

npI-:IBc.:UI 3TH AO.TlrO.iIeTHlIe paOOTbI.
B TO Bpe:\IH KaK HeOJIIITlIl1CCKJIe na:\tHTHHKH
npuoaHKa.b5I H3Y1:la.J.UCb BHTKOBCKHM H OB1:lHH-
HIIKOBbDt, B COCe.iJ.HeM nplieHlIceMCKOf Kpae Ha-
l1a'1 CBOH apXeOJIOrll1:leCKIIe pa60TbI 11. T. CaBeH-
KOB. 11. T. CaBeHKOB 60lbllIe Bcero HHn'-
peCOBaJ1CH na.leo.!I11TOM, nplIqe\1 C 1884 1'.
,
ero BHHaHlie II noeBMe paooT KOHll.eHTplIpo-
B3JH1Cb npeHMYlIl,eCTBeHHo BOKpyr «AOHTOBOfi
ropbI». C H:\leH€:\I CaBeHI<OBa TeM He :'>-IeHee CBH-
33HbI H nepBbIe cepbe3Hbre HCc.le.rr.OBaHHH HeO.11I-
TlIl1eCKHX naMRTHHKOB B .n:0.1I-lHe EHlIceH.
B 1884-1885 rr. OH Harue.;"{ B6.7IH3H. KpacHoHp-
CRa, Ha J.I.IOHaX OKO.';TO ,J. Ba3aI-lXII, lIleCTb 3a}lel1a-
re.:rbHbIX norpe6eHHIi. Bo Bpe:\IH CBOIIX noe3;rOK
PO EmIcelO 11. T. CaneHKOB co6pa.TI ;\lHoro Heo-
.1HTHl1eCKHX OPY)J.HM II .!la.'! CBOJIKY 0 mDIHTHHKax
h.a-IeHHOro BeKa B /I.'1HHYCHHCKOM Kpae, r.n.e Hi\I
OTH:QeH PH,]. HHTepeCHblX elumU1J.HblX HaXO;:I.OK 11.
rIOce.'IeHHfI.\
B KpaCHOHpCKe BOKpyr CaBeHKOBa B KOHue
80-x ro:r.OB Bblpoc.a 3aTet He60.TJbllIa5I KpaeBe.rr-
QeCKa5I rpynna. B COCTaB KOTOpofi BXo;rn.1H
:\. C. E.leHCB, -no C. npOCK)"pHKOB n J!p. E.lellen
B o;moH. H3 nernep no p. bl1p1OCe (45 KM BBepx
no EHncelO OT KpacHoHpcKa) 06HapymII.l Ky.lb-
TypHb!M C.-10M HeO.HTHl1eCKOrO Bpe}!CHH, a B YCTbe
EUpIOCbI, Ha npaBo:\1 ee 6epery, TpexC:IOH:HYIO
CTOHHKY.
B 1894 f. B. B. Oepe.rr.o.'IbCKHti Hame.l B )J.O-
mme Em-Ice5I y r. Kp3CH05IpCKa II HH>Ke ero HO-
,
BbIe CT05IHKH II HeO.TIHTI-J1IeCKlIe norpeoeHIISI co
cBoe06pa3Hbn-1 HHBeHTapeM. 11cc.;JellOBaHHH Heo-
.1HTlIl1eCKHX natHfHIIKOB Ha EHIlcee npo.J:o.;J)Ka-
J1HCb II.J H n03}Ke. 2
B 80-x II B Hal1a.:Ie 90-x rO;rOB CL{e.laH 6bW
PH}]. BHTepeCHblX OTKpbITl1fi 11 Ha ceBepe ClI6HDH.
'I1paB.rrHIOll1.Hfi notlToBoif l1aCTbJO BOCTOl1HOH CH-
OI-lpii llIaBepHOBCKIIlr B 1884 r., no C.lOBaM
5I,n:PIIHlI.eBa, OTKpbVI Ha J1eHe Me)KJIY KlIpeHcKo:\t
II O.1JeK:\mHcKO,t C.rre.JbI Ka:\IeHHoro BeKa B BII.:I,e
«OCKO.:IKOB n HeCKO.:rbKIIX HVK.TIeYCoB».3
CnycT5I J],Ba ro.n.a, B 1886 1., -11. ll.. '4epCKH}1
Harne.'! He<PPHTOBble TonopnKII Ha HmKHeM TYH-
rVCKe H c06pa.1J Ka-IeHHbIe 0pY.lI.IIH B JJ,oJlI:-me
JleHbI. Ha .iIeBO}I 6epery noc.TJe.n.HeM, «l1YTb HII}Ke
n:ep. /l.1apKOBOib).4
K BOCTOKY OT EaMKa.la I13VlleHIIe HeO.'IHTHl1e-
CKHX naNIHTHIIKOB Ha1:la.iI B 1892 1. A. K. KY3He-
UOB. B IOrO-BOCT01:lHOfII 3a6aMKalbe on 06Hapy-
LKIIl 60.TJee 23 CTOHHOK Ka:\feHHoro BeKa, :r,aBIIlIiX
pa3Ho06pa3HbIM II 60raTbIM l\-raTeplla'I.
MHOrOl1Hc.'1eHHble ClellbI HemmTlIqeCKIIX noce-
.l:eHHM B 3a6aMKa.71be OTMel1a.'1H 3aTel\"1 A. Mo-
cnnJ., B. A. 06pY1:leB II 10. II. TaJ1bKO-rpHHll.e-
BIIl1, 06Hap y:mHBIIlIIH, B qaCTHOCTH, 3aMel1aTe.'1L-
I 0 H. T. !meHKOBe Hero pa60Tax CM.: H. K. A y 3 p-
6 a x. nepBblH rreplloJ; apXeO.il0flI1IeCKOfi ..1eHTe.;JbHOCTH
I1. T. CaBeHKoBa (!\'1aTepna.1JbI K 6HorpaclmH). EJKero.J.H.
foc. MY3eH 11M. H. '1. MaOTbHHOBa B r. ,\-1I1HYCHHCKe.
T. VI. Bbm. 2, 1928. CTp. 163-185. MnHycHHcK, "1929.-
.1. 5I. III T e p H 6 e p r. J.1BClH TIIlocpeeBlI1I CaBeHKoB
1846-1914 f. HeKpo.'1or. C60pH. MY3e5I aHTpono.7J. H
3THorpaqnIH (.MA3) , III, nrp.. 1916. (TaM e npli.TIO-
JKeHbI 6HorpacpH1IeCKaH npaBKa 0 CaBeHKoBe II cnHCOK
em pa60T).
2 B. r. K a p U e B. 1\laTepH8.1bI K apxeo.1JOrIlH KpacHo-
HpCKoro pafIOaa. OnHcaHHe KO,;J.1JeKUHll H MaTepHa.1JOB
:\fy3e5I npHelll-l'CeikKOro KpaH. KpaCHOHpCK. 1929, CTp. 6.
3 IIpeBHocTlI, X. 1885, CTp. 11; 3an. PVCCK. ApxeoJl.
oorn.. III. CTp. XXIV. 
4 !lpeBHocm, X, CTP. 47-48; JtI"3B. BCOPfO, T. XVI,
.\2 1-3, 1886, CTp. 274-276; 9THorp. OIJ03peHHe, .NQ 4,
1893. 1J.HeBHHj{ I1. Il. lJepcKoro (ApXIIB AKall.. HaVK
CCCP, <fJOH;J: 47, ODIICb 2. ,\"'g ..182, CTp. 2) or J7 V 1891.
I M. n. 0 B q H H II II K 0 B. MaTepHa.1Jb1 ;I..1H H3YQeHUH
naMRTHliKOB .n:peBHcTeif B OKpeCTHOCT51X I1pK)'TcKa. 113B.
BCOprO, T. XXX\', KQ 3, 1904, CTp. 69.
2 AI. n. 0 B 11 U H H II K 0 B, TaM )Re. Cp. fi. n. X 0 p o.
rn II x. MuxaIl.:J I1aBJ10BH1I OBQHHHHKOB KaK KpaeBf.J..
HpK)'TCK, 1924, CiP. 13.
Hoe HeOmnnl1eCKOe I10rpe6eHHe nepBoe Ha Teppn-
TOplIH 3a6aih:::a.lbH, B ,J.O.1JIIHe Ce.:reHrH B :\feCT-
HOCTH TVlTV-,J.a6aH"
E.TJ.aro:ral)H TpY.1.aM BHTKOBc.Koro R OBtInHHI1-
KOBa B 0pII6aHKa.1be, 11. T. CaBeHKOBa Ha EHH-
cee II A. K. KY3HeuOBa B 3a6afiKa.'Ibe, BHJDlaHHe
K HeOJ1IITY Cn6npn nOCTeneHHO B03paCTa10. Ha
HeO.;JIITl-ll1eClme nal\fHTHHKH CII6npn 06pall1.aIOT
BHIDlaHne TaKHe BbI,J,alOllI.HeCH p) CCKIIe Yl1eHbIe,
KaK Il.. H. AHyqIUI, A. A. Cmm.blH n B. A. ro-
P0.1U0I3. BC.le11. 3a A. C. J,rBapOBbIM, omI npHBle-
KdIOT rlI6IIpCKHe IaTeplla.:]bI no Heo.'lIiTY B CBOHX
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HbIX pa3pemeH111O pa3.1Hl1HbIX l1aCTHbIX np06JIeM.
B pa60Tax 3TIIX IIcc.lIe:r.OBaTe.leH, B CBH3ll C HX
, ,
OOIIlI-l1U TeopeTH4eCKII:\HI n3r.TJH.aal\lH, CIiOllpCKlIe
HeO.1HTII4eCIme na:\IHTHHKH HaXO)J.HT II HOBoe, 60-
.TIee IIlHpOKoe OCBeIIleHHe: no-cBoe:\'IY CTaBHT OH11
BonpocbI 0 xapaKTepe, B03paCTe H B3aIlMOOTHO-
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LUeHlISIX cHonpcKHx na:\IHTHHKOB C na:\IHTHHKaMU
coce.J:HIIX TeppliTopnit
HaKoHeu, He3a.J:0.lro ,lI.0 Hl\mepHa.1HCTlll1eCKOH
BOHHbI, AK8.J:e!\IH5I HaYK opraHn3yeT paCKonKH
t... u"
HeO.TIIITHl1eCKOH CTOHHKH, OTKpbITOH Ha nOOepe}Kbe
I C}I. COOTBeTcTBylOIlI.lIe YI{a3aHHH B GH6J1HorpaqmQe-
CKO!\f CnpaB01lHHKe: 11. 11. 1\1 II X a .1 K H H Ii n. n. X 0-
po III If X. OIlblT YKa3aTe.1H .'lIHepaT}'pbf no apxeO.;IOflUl
3a6afiKa.%H. MaTep. lJIITHHCK. KpaeB. IY3eH Hf. A. K. KY3-
HelLOBa, BblO. 1. ApXeOnOrHH, I1pKYTcK-tJHTa. .929,
CTp. 1-17.

38
11 CTb 1. HCTOPIHI HCC.rIE;tOBAHHfl H XPOHO.'IOrH.H nA!\I.HTHHROB
r.'IABA r. HCTOPII.H HCC.,'IE..lOBAHHfl nPHBARR..o\JIbCROrO HEOJIIIT"
39
baHKaJIa Ha MbICY Y JIaH-Xa,!J.a, OT,!J.e.TIHIOlIl.eM
3aJI. Myxop OT O.TlbXOHCKHX BOpOT.) aTO 6bIJIH
nepBble, TaK llIHpOKO nOCTaB.T1eHHbIe H CHCTeWTH-
qeCKHe no MeTO;I.HKe, paCKonKIi HeOJIHTHlleCKOrO
nOCeTIeHiISI B BOCTOllHOH CIIOHpll, KOTopble no
MaCIIITa6aM H ll.e.TIeYCTpel\WeHHOCTH MOLKHO cpaB-
HHB8Tb TOJIbKO C paOOTaM.11 BH.TKOBc.Koro
".. "
B 1880 H 1881 rr. no paCKOnKa)-I norpeoeHlUl
B YCTbe KIUOH. 3Hal1eHHe pa60T 1913 1. B YJlaH-
Xa.lI.e onpe.rr.e.15IJ10Cb Y}Ke Tel llTO IJaMHTHHK,
nO.lI.BeprHYTbIH pacKonKaM, OKa3aJICH 60raTbI'1
npe.lI.:\'leTaMH KaMel-IHOrO IIHBeHTapH H KepaMHKH,
a TaK>Ke co;r:ep}Ka1 OCTaTKII 6bITOBbIX coopY>Ke-
HHM, 6pOCaIOlIl.IIX CBeT Ha }KH3Hb HeOTIHTH1:IeCKHX
}KHTe.leH TIpIl6aHKa.TIb5I. HaXO.lI.KH 6bIJIH I<.TIacrH-
cpllll.HpOBaHH H cYMMapHo onllcaHH B npe,!J.BapH-
TeJIbHOM OT1:IeTe 0 pacKonKax. aTO 6bIJI nepBbIM
onbIT CHCTeMaTII1:IeCKOrO onHcaHIiH KaMeHHoro
HHBeHTapH H I{epaMHKII HeOJIHTII1:IeCKHX noce.TIe-
HHH CII6HplI. bbIJIH B 06lIl.HX llepTaX onllcaHbI
HaKOHel1HHKII CTpeJI, KonllM, cKpe6KH, HaBep-
TbImll, IIIIIJIbH II lames, HYKJI, eYCbI nHJIKH, 1:IaCTH
pbI60JIOBHbIX KpIOllKOB H rpY3HJIa, YKpameHIIH,
.lI.OJIOTa, TonopbI II «na lIHII. bI», neCTbI, cTynKII, OT-
60HHHKH, IIlJIllcpOBaHHble KaMHII, H306pa}KeHHH
pbI6. L{ocTaTOllHO nO.lI.p06HO 6bIla oxapaKTepH30-
BaHa H KepaMIIKa.
CTpaTlirpacpHqeCKHe YCJIOBHH Y.rraH-Xa.n:bI: He-
HapymeHHocTb 3aJIeraHliH KYJIbTypHblX OTTIO>Ke-
HIIM 3HalllITeJIbHaH MOII.J.HOCTb 06lIl.eH CBIITbI ee
.
KYJIbTypHbIX C.TIOeB, npH 06H.TIIIII .n:06bITbIX npe.lI.-
MeTOB, .lI.a.TIH TorJ{a OCHOBaHlIe paCC1:IHTbIBaTb, qTO
MaTepHaJIbI paCKonOK Ha Y.TIaH-Xa.ne :I,a],YT He06-
XO.II.HMbIM MaTepHa..iI ,IL.aH K.TIaCcucpHKaUHH Heo-
.TIHTa baHKa.TIbCKOrO 6acceHHa II BbIHCHeHJH ero
XpOHOJIOrIIH. B pe3y.TIbTaTe paCKonOK 6bt.!Ia BbIpa-
60TaHa nepBaH cxeMa 3BOJIIOlI.HOHHOH CMeHbI Heo-
"
JIHTH1:IeCKliX CTaJJ.IIH, Henocpe)J.CTBeHHO H nOC.ile-
AOBaTeJIbHO nepeXO):LHII.J.IIX O,LI.Ha B ;I.pyrylO.
11mepHa.TIIICTH1:IeCKaH H rpaLK.n:aHCKaSI BOHHbI
BbI3BaJIH nepepbIB apxeO.l0rHlleCKHX pa60T, HO
3aTO nOCTIe JIUKBII.lI.aUHH KOJIl1aKOBUJ.IIHbI, 'c 1921-
1922 rr. Ha6JIIO)J.aeTcH HeObIBaJIblH .n:o Toro
nO,!J.'beM apxeOTIOrHlleCKIiX IIcc.TJe.rr.oBaHHH B TIpH-
OaHKaJIbe. 2
TIapaJI.TIeJIbHO «O}KHBaeT», no Bblpa>KeHlilO
H. K. AY3p6axa, apXeO.TJOr1l1:leCKaH paooTa II
B KpacHoHpcKe, r.lIe B03HIIKaeT apxeo.;JOrH1:IeCKHH
KPY}KOK HM. 11. T. CaBeHKoBa npH I\IY3ee II reo-
rpacpHlleCKo:\1 06lIl.eCTBe. B TO-ICKe npH YHIIBep-
CHTeTe BCKope pa3BepTwBaeTcH eHTeJIbHOCTb
pHlra MeCTHblX apxeOJIOrOB (C. A. Ten.TIoyxoB,
.!v1. I1. rpH3HOB, H. M. MHrKoB II .rr.p.) , Hal1H3aJor
CBOIO pa60TY n CIl6HpII YlleHIIKII rOp01JlOBa-
C. B. KIICeJIeB, B. TI. JIeBalIleBa H ,J.p. TIocTe-
1 OTtJeT 0 J1.eSITe.IJbHOCTH AKalJ.eMHH HaYK no OT;Ie..le-
HHIO <PH3HKO-faTeIanitjeCKHX Ha)'K, HCTOpHH H 4JH.10J10-
rHM 3a 1916 r. CM. TaK:iKe: C60pH. MA3, III, 1916.
2 B. A. fop 0 lIlt 0 B. ApXeOJlOrHtJecKHe pacKonKH H
pa3BellKH B COBeTcl{OH POCCHH C 1919 no 1923 r.
«.lI.peBHHA MHP::', nepn01UitJeCKHH opraH, H3!laB. ApxeOoi1.
OTD.eJl. HaYQHO-HCCJI. MHCT. apxeO.I. H HCKYCCTB03H. B
MOCKBe (PAHI10H), Bbln. I, 1924, crp. 9-10.
-"'--
neHHO pa3BepTbIBaeTcH apXeOJIOrlIl1eCKaH pa60Ta
B 4HTe, Ha .lla.TIbHeM BOCToKe.
B I1pH6aHKa.TJbe ll.eHTpo:vl B0306HOB.TIeHHOH Ii
HenpepbIBHo pa3paCTaBlIleHCH apXeG.1IOrHl1eCKOM
pa60TbI HB.;JHeTCH Tenepb Mo.TIo}J,oM 11pKYTCKHH
VHIIBepcHTeT, nepBOHa1:la.1bHaH OCHOBa KOToporo
 0
6bI.TIa 3a.l0>KeHa eme B nepBbIlI nepno)], COBeT-
CKOH. B.'1aCTII )],0 IIHTepBeHll.lIH H 6eJIOrBap.n: eH -
CKoro MHTe}Ka. O.n.HOBpeMeHHO, B KOHTaKTe C YHH-
BepCHTeToM, apXeOJIOrlI1:IeCKHe HCCJ1e.lI.OBaHHH pa3-
BepTblBalOT 11 PKYTCKHH 06lIacTHoM MY3eH H Boc-
TOl1HO-CIIOHpCKHH OT.lleJI PYCCKoro reorpa cpll1:le-
CKoro 06mecTBa (BCOprO). .
4T06bI Oll.eHHTb Ha.lI.JIe}KaIll.IIM 06pa301 9TOT
OYPHWH no.n'beM H pOCT apXeOJIOrH1:IeCKliX pa60T
B CH611pH nOCJIe BeJIHKOM OKTHOpbCKOH COll.Ha-
JIHCTHlleCKOH peBO.TIIOll.HH Ii, B qaCTHOCTH, HCCJle-
.lI.OBaHIIH no KaMeHHoMY BeKY, CJIe.lI.yeT BcnOM-
HHTb .n:aHHYIO A. A. CnHll.bIHbIM KOHcneKTHBHYIO,
u
HO qpe3BbIllalIHO 3HeprHQHYIO, xapaKTeplicTIiKY
nOJI02KeHIIH CH6HpCKOH apXeOJIOrHH nepe}J,
OKTHOpbCKOM peBOJIIOll.HeM.
Cm-IUbIH, .TJY1JIIIe Bcex B POCCHII 3HaBIIIHH, 1JTO
.lleJIa eTC5I no apXeOJIOrHH Ha MecTax, nlIca.TJ
OKOTJO 1915-1916 r1.: «COcToHHHe cH611pCKOH
apxeo.7I0rHH He6.TIeCTHIII.e:
«I. B KypraHax pa30qapOBaJIliCb (PaI(.TIOB,
KJIeMeHll., A.n:pllaHoB).
«2. KaMeHHbIH BeK 6e.neH.
«3. lvleJI.HbIM BeK 0JJ.Ho06pa3eH.
«4. !v\orH.rrbHHKH I1pKYTcKoro THna H Ba3aRxR
OKa3a.iIHCb 0,!J.IIH01:lHbIMIi.
«YcTaJIOCTb II paBHO.lI.ymHe.
«I1oKvnKa BeIII.eH. 11cCJIe.n.OBaTeJIeH He no-
HB.TIHeTCH. ParKonOK HeT. MY3eH .nOBOJIbHbI
C060M».1
HeMbIc.T1HMbIM npeLK],e nO..'L'be1\'1 apxeOTIOrlll1e-
CKOll pa60TbI 6bI.TJ BbIpa}KeHHeM 06mero Ky.TIb-
TypHoro pOCTa CH611pH npll COBeTCKOM BJIaCTH,
npHMbIM CJIe)J.CTBHeM COBeTCKoro Ky.TIbTypHoro
CTpOIlTe.TIbCTBa, JIIlKBHJ1.HpOBaBlIlero TH1KeJIOe Ha-
o "
C.TIelI.lle ll.aplI3Ma, HMnepHaTJHCTlIl1eCKOII BOHHbI II
KOTIllaKOBII.J.HHbI.
T O.TIbKO Tenepb, noc.TIe Be.lIIKOH OKTH6pbCKOH
..
COll.Ha.TIIICTlItJeCKOH peBo.TIlOlI.HII, B HOBbIX, COBeT-
CKIIX YCJIOBIIHX. CTa.TIII B03)W}KHbI IIlHpOKHe no
'IaCIIlTa6aM H CIiCTeMaTH1JeCKlie apXeOJIOrHqeCKHe
pa60TbI, nOKa3aBII1He B HOBOM CBeTe CH6IIpCKHH
naTJeo..'1HT, naMHTH:HKII 3TIOXH 6pOH3bI H }KeJIe3a H,
HaKOHell., CHOllpCKHH HeOJIHT.
vI3y-qeHHe HeOJIIITHlleCKHX naMHTHHKOB npH-
6aMKa.TIbH BCTynaeT Tenepb a HOBYro cpa3Y.
lI.ocTaTOl1HO CKa3aTb, 1JTO H3 nHTH.n:eCHTIi apxeo-
.TJOrHlleCKHX pa60T, Bblme,ILmHx C 1917 no 1928 1.
B HpKYTcKe, 60.TIee JJ.Ba.n:uaTH KacalOTCH B TOM
H.TJII IIHOH Mepe HeOJIIITa TIpH6aMKaJIbH; Bonpo-
caM HeO.;JHTa ObI.TIO nOCBHII.J.eHO 3a 3TH JI.eCHTb JIeT
CTaTeM 60:IblIle qe:\1 B)J.Boe, no cpaBHeHllIO CO
BceM, QTO 6bIJIO HanHcaHO 0 HeO.TJHTe TIpH6aM-
Ka'IbH !to peBO'IIOUHH. B.nooaBOK c.TIe,ILyeT yqecTb,
QTO pe3y.TJbTaTbI OOIIlHpHeHIIlHx apXeOJIOrH1:IeCKHX
Hcc.TJe}J,OBaHHH, npe;inpHHHTbIX noc.TIe OKTH6pH,
HalIl.;1II DOKa B .TIHTepaType .naJIeKO He nO.TIHOe OT-
pa>KeHHe II B 60.TIbmeH CBoeH QaCTII, B TOM 1llICJIe
no HeOJIHTY, eII.J.e }K.n:YT ony6JIHKOBaHHH.
B npOI\eLKYTKax Me}K.ny 1917-1930 rr. 6bIJIO

oOHapY}KeHO MHoro HOBbIX HeOJIIITlltJeCKJlX noce-
.TIeHHH, PRll noce.'IeHHH 6bW nO.lI.BeprHYT CHCTeMa-
TIIl1eCKHM pacKonKaM.
HalI60JIee IIIlIpOKO nOCTaBJIeHHbIe paooTbI Be-
TIHCb nOnpe}KHeMY B oKpecTHocTHX 11pKYTcKa, Ha
MeCT3X. YKa3aHHbIX pa3Be.lI.KaMH OB1:IIIHHIIKoBa.
PacKonKII BeJIIICb Ha CTOHHKax «lI.apb- L{eBHll.a»
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no KepaMHKe H K8eHHHM H3.n.eHHM )J.aJIH
paCKonKII noce.TIeHIIll B 6yxTe TIec1:IaHoM.
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II.J.HMH B Hee peKaMH 3HaQHTe.llbHO paClIlllpllJIIi
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no xapaKTepy K 6aMKaJIbCKHM.
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npOll3BelI.eHHble r. n. COCHOBCKIIM B AHrapcKoH
.nOJIIiHe B oKpecTHocTHX ba.TIaraHCKa, Me}K.lI.Y Ba-
JIaraHCKOM H ;r:ep. PacnYTIIHo.
BnepBble noc.TJe POBIIHcKoro 6bIJIli 06cJIe.rr,0-
BaHbI HeO.TIHTIIl1eCKHe naMHTHHKH Ha HJIHMe OKa-
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paCKonKH pH,!J.a 3THX nOCeJIeHHM.
OTKpbITbI 6bI.TJH HOBbIe HeOJlHTII1JeCKHe noce-
leHIIH H B OT,ILa.TIeHHbIX ceBepHbIX paHOHax. CO-
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51KYTcKa H Ha A.TI.lI.aHe, Ha A:\1ype H B TIpHMOp-
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I APXHB HI1MK AI{a.!I. HaYK CCCP, q>OHD. 5, Nv 431,
.1. 55
noce.'IeHHH. Ho BCKope Heo..'1HTHl1eCKHe norpe6e-
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HHKa Ha JleHe - OJI.HO H3 nepBbIx nOCJIe OKTH6p5I
TaKliX 0 OTKpbITliH. - 6bl:IO B 1925 r. c.oBepmeHo
CJIYllaHHO IIlKO.TIbHHKaMH, H3BleKIIlHi\lH BO BpeMH
npeJlnpHHHTbIX HMH C Yl1lITeJIeM pacK0noK pH.n:
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CKIJX norpe6eHIIM He TO.TIbKO Ha AHrape, HO TaK>Ke
Ha JIeHe II Ha Ce.TIeHre.
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rrorpe6eHIIH B Me}KOBKe H Ha JIeHe, Y Kaqyra.
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OOllI.ero pOCTa apxeO.'IOrlll1eCKHX IICC.ae..J.OBaHlUl
B 06JIaCTH H3Vl1eHIIH HeO.;mTHl1eCKHX na:\IHTHHKOB
Ha TeppUTopH-H DpH6allKa.lb5I 3a Hal1a.bHoe :Ie-
CSITII.:JeTlie COBeTCKOH B.!1aCTH HBH.i1aCb neyBa5J
cneUHa.'IbHaH CBO..1Ka no HeOa!ny CHOlIpl.
Bl\IeCTe C Te:\I, CBOJIKa 3Ta OKa3aaaCb nepBon
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TH1:IeCKoit KY.!lbTYPbI DpHoafiKa.1Jb5I B COOTBeT-
CTBIIII C Tel\I, KaK noc.'Ie.rr.HH5I nOHHl\la.laCb B TO
BpeMH. I
TaKOH nO;J.'bel\l OTMeqeHHbIX pa60T 3a nepBble
10-15 JIeT COBeTCKOll B.TIaCTII 06'bHCHSIeTC5I KaK
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pH Vl1pe}KeHHM II opraHIl3aUlIfI. He TO.'IbKO
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B 30-x rOlIax.
B 1930-1939 rr. Ha TeppuTopHII ITpHoafl-
KaJlbH apxeo.1JOrnl1eCKlIe ucc...le..10BaHIIH. CBH3aH-
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43
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JIaCb «BeJIIiKHMII l<Y.iJbTypHbIl\tH H306peTeHIIHMH».
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HHH. nepBoe H Hall60.TIee Ba}KHOe OTKpbITHe--
H306peTeHlle rOHIJapCTBa -- CKa3a.1JOCb B TOM, 1:ITO
llHmy Ha1:la.TJH BaplITb. E..'laro.lI.apfi 3TO:\ty CTaJiH
ynoTpe6lHTb pa3.IIH1:IHbIe nJl[eBbJe npO;:J:YKTbI,
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CMOrJIH ,il,OObIBaTb He TO1bKO MY}Kl1HHbI. HO Ii
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CTBOBaHHe II «Bel1HYIO norOHIO 3a XJIe60M HacY[Q-
HbIM». OHH npe)J.ocTaBHllI ,1J.OHCTOpIl1:leCKoIY qe-
.1JOBeKY MHoro .n.ocyra, KOTOpbIM OH H He npeMH-
Hy.TI IIcnO.Jb30BaTb .lI.JI5:I CBOHX .n.aJlbHeHlllUX reHH-
aJIbHbIX .rr.OCTII}KeHHM Ha nYTH nporpecca.
JlIO.lI.H CpeJI.He-HeOJ'IHTlIl1eCKOH 3nOXH c.rr.eJIa.1JH
«HOBbIe reHHaJIbHbIe OTKpbITHH» - H306peJIH .rrYK
II CTpe..1bI, HCKYCCTBO mJIllcpOBaHHH KaMHH. Bce
31'0 n03BO..1JHJIO YJIYIJmHTb cnoc06bI OXOTbI H 06-
JIer1:lH.TIO TPY,lI. HeOJIHTHqeCKHX JlIO.lI.eH, -- OHH
CTa.TIH 6bIcTpee Ii JIYIJwe pa60TaTb.
45
lI.enb OTKpbITIiH U 11306peTeHHH B KOHll.e Heo-
JIHTa 3aBepIIIIITJaCb H306peTeHlleM TKa1:leCTBa H
npHMeHeHHeM HecppllTa, H3 KOToporo Tenepb BbI-
lI.eJIbIBaJ1H BeCbMa cOBepIIIeHHbIe ,1J.o.TIOTa, TeCJIa,
HO}KU U .lI.PyrHe 0pY,1J.IIH.
I1CTOIJHIIKOM Bcero pa3BHTliH OKa3bIBaeTC5:I
-.J, .., 0
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HbIX Yl1eHbIX 3BOJ11011.1I0HIICTOB XIX B. H HBJIHJIaCb
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HHM B 06JIaCTb cH611pCKOH apXeOJIOrHII. 1
rpy60 YC.TIOBHbIH xapaKTep 3TOH KOHll.enu.llil,
aBTopbI KOTOpOM aBTOMaTII1:IeCKH nepeHOCIIJIH
B cII611pcKIIe YCJIOBIIH Bce, 1:ITO 6bIJIO HM H3BeCTHO
o pa3BHTHH ,rI.peBHHX KYJIbTYP 3ana.lI.HoM EBpOIlbI,
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..
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TecTa co CTOpOHbI pH.lI.a .nPyrHx HCCJIe.lI.OBaTeJIeH.
JIY1:lmHH B TO BpeMH 3HaTOK HeOJIHTHIJeCKHX na-
:\5:lTHIiKOB npH6aMKaJIbH M. n. OB1:IHHHHKOB, KaK
Y}Ke OTMeqaJIOCb BbIp:re, BCer.lI.a pelllHTeJIbHO B03-
pa}Ka.TI npOTIiB 3TOH cxeM H" YTBep}K.lI.aJI, qTO
apXeOJIOrHqeCKHe naMHTHHKH CII611pH He MorYT
6bITb nop.orHaHbL K paMKaM 3ana.lI.HOeBpOneik!UfX
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HHeM JIHl1HO 3a.lI.eTbIX 3THM npOTHBO.lI.eMCTBHeM
CTOpOHHHKOB BY JIbra PHO-3BO.TIIPIl.HOHHCTHqeCKOH
cxeMbI 06'bHCHSIIOTCH, KCTaTH, H ynpeKH OBqHH-
HIIKOBY B TOM, 1:ITO OH, 6Y.lI.TO 6bI, VK.'10HSI.1fCH OT
0606m.eHIIH. B ,1J.eHCTBTeJIbHOCTH peqb IIl.1Ja He
o KaKOM-TO BllI.eBe.lI.l1eCKOM 3MnHpll3Me OBl1HH-
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a 0 TOM, 1:11'0 OH BOCCTaBaJl ripOTHB nOJI.06HbIX
CXeMaTH1JeCKIiX nOCTpoeHIIM, TaK KaK HCHO BH.neJI
cBoe06pa3Hble qepTbI MeCTHbIX na:\-ISITHIIKOB H He
HaXO.lI.II.iJ B HUX oCHoBaHHM .lI..1J5:I KpaflHero YHIIBep-
ca.1JH3Ma.
A. B. nonOB B CBoeH 0630pHOH CTaTbe 06
apxeO.TJOrH1:IeCKIIX HCCJIe.rr.OBaHHHX, ocym.ecTBJIeH-
HbIX BCOprO 3a nepBble 75 .TIeT ero Cym.ecTBO-
BaHHH, C 1851 no 1926 r., TO}Ke pelllHTeJIbHO BbI-
CKa3a.TJCH nponfB cTapoii 3BO1JIOll.1I0HHCTH1:IeCKOH
CXe)tbI. oCHoBaHHoli Ha pe3YJIbTaTaX pacKonoK
CTOHHKH Y.rraH-Xa.na.
«MecTOnOJIO:>KeHHe CTOHHKH Y.1JaH-Xa.lI.a, - nH-
llieT OH, - He 6blJIO nO.lI.BeprHY1'o reO.TrOrH1:IeCKoMY
HCCJIe.a.oBaHHIO, a TaK}Ke He H3YIJeHO B CBH3H
C HCTopHeH H :>KH3HbIO EaMKaJIa. npH paCKonKax
He 6bI.TI0 HaM)I.eHO HIiKaKoro na.lleOHTOJIOrlIqeCKorO
H aHTpOnOJIOrH'lJeCKOrO MaTepllaJIa; HaC1JHTaHHbIe
I 113B. EHOJI.-reorp. HaYIJHO-HCC.TL HHCT,. rrpH 11PKYTCK.
f. YHHB., T. VII, BhIrr. II, 11PKJ'TCK, 1926, CTp. 39-
7;). - n. n. X 0 p 0 III H x. 11cc.jleOBaHHH KaMeHHoro H
}l{eJIe3HOrO BeKa HpKYTcKoro KpaH (0. OJIbXOH). TaM )Ke,
T. I, BbIII. I, CTp. 12-15. - W. J 0 C h e Iso n. Archaeolo-
gical Investigations in Kamchatka. Washington, 1928.-
B. 11 0 x e JI b C 0 H. Apxeo.1JOrnIleCKHe HCCJIeD.OBaHHH Ha
Ka}IIJaTKe. 113B. PfO, T. X-XII, BbIII. 2, 1930, CTp. 228-
242. - CM. H D.pyrHe pa60Tbl pa3JIHIJHblX aBTopoB, TaK
lIlH HHaIle rrpH.n:ep}l{HBaBIlIHxcH BHa'la.lle ,QaHHofi cxeMbi
(HarrpHMep f. 4>. J{e6eIla. f. n. COCHoBcKoro).

46
tJACTb 1. IICTOPlUI IlCCJ1E,AOBAHIiH II XPOHO'IOrHH nAMHTHIiHOB
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47
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f. TI. COCHOBCKIIM, B. 11. fpOlOB II H. K. AY3P-
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XOJI.KH C OCTaTKaMII 3Toro nepHO.LJ:a B coceHUX
06JIaCTHX EBpa3HH».2
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MaTepHaJiaM CII6IIpCKOrO na'IeOJIHTa II HeOJIIiTa
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IIeR OCTpbIH: rJIa3 He Mor He 3aMeTIITb Bce Ha-
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1lIliCb C apxeOJIOrUqeCKIiMII naMHTHHKaMIi TIpll-
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nOJIHOCTblO HrHopUpOBaJI BY'IbrapHO-3BOJIIOUIIOHH-
, .
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Ka HaXOJI.HmYIOCH B pe3KOM npOTIIBOpel1UII
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MeHee nOCJIe.lI.OBaTeJIbHO, npllcTynll.TI K npopa-
60TKe apxeOJIorU1:IeCKOrO MaTepllaJia 0 KaMeHHOM
BeKe II 0 60JIee n03.lI.HUX 3Tanax npOIIl.ll0ro Cu-
6HpII C COBepIlIeHHO HHOM TOl1KU 3peHHH. l\1.eprapT
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ll.eHTpaJIbHbIX MY3eeB. OH IIOJIYl1ll.1J, KpO:\le Toro,
B03MO}KHOCTb COBMeCTHO C f. TI. COCHOBCKIIM
OCYll.J.eCTBHTb. c06CTBeHHble nOJIeBble IfCCJIeJI.OBa-
I A. B. non 0 B. OtIepK na.1:e03THOJIOflltIeCKHX HCCJIeaO-
BaHHH H .nocTHJKeHHH BCOprO 3a 75 .'leT (1851-
1926 rr.). 113B. BCOprO, T. L, .N'2 1, I1pKYTCK, 1927,
CTp. 55-56.
2 H. K. A y'3 P 6 a x, f. n. Co C HOB C K H H Ii
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06IIIIIpHbIM MaTeplIaJI, KpaTKO 113JIO}KeHHblH:
B' BH.lI.e 0630pHoli CTaTbH 0 HeOJIHTe CII6IIpH H
ony6JlHKOBaHHblH B «R.eallexikon'e» 36epTa.
B 3TOM KOpOTKOM CTaTbe, cHa6}I{eHHOH CTOJIb }Ke
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HbIX pa60T H ueHHbII\IH HJI1JIOCTpaUIIHIH, a TaK}Ke
B HeKOTopblX JI.pynfx CBOHX pa60Tax, oc06eHHo
B KpHTHKO-6116JIIIOrpacpII1:IeCKOM 0630pe «HOBOM
JIIiTepaTypbI 0 Kal\.leHHOM BeKe CII6I1pH», Mep-
rapT 1I3JIOLKH1 CBOH TeOpeTlIl1eCKHe BbIBO)1.bI OTHO-
CIiTenbHO xapaKTepa H B03paCTa cII6HpCKoro Heo-
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JIIOlI.lIOHHCTIIIIeCKYIO KOHuenll.1I1O CTOpOHHIIKOB
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3BaHO He TO.'1bKO TeM, l1TO OTBeprHYTaH 11M cx.eMa
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qaCTHOH co6CTBeHHOCTli H caMoro rocY.lI.apCTB
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.lI.BII}KeHlle IIMeeT .lI.BOHKYIO cpOPMY: 3BOJIIOIl,HOH-
HYIO H peBOoilIOUHOHHYIO.
«,D.BH}KeHHe 3BQJIIOUIIOHHO, KOr.lI.a nporpeCCHB-
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BCe.lI.HeBHYIO pa60TY If BHOCHT B CTapbIe nOpH,lI.KII
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repH, 1:IT06bI B KopHe YHHqTO}KIITb CTapble no-
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49
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KOTOpbIX npe.rr.CTaBJIHJIH c060M HOBbIn '.9Tan
B IICTOplI1i peaKll.1I0HHOM 6YP}Kya3HoM HaYKII-
3Tan ee OKOHqaTeJIbHOrO 3arHIIBaHIIH II MOpaJIb-:
Horo pacna.u.a, 9Tan ee nOCle.lI.OBaTe1JbHOH H Bce
OOJIee OTKpOBeHHOH cp alII 113 a 1I.11 II.
B pe3YJIbTaTe 113Y1:IeHlle 60raTbIx H cBoe06pa3-
HX naMHTHIiKOB CII6IIpCKOrO HeOJIIiTa OKa3aJIOCb
Ha JIO}KHbIX H.II.eMHO-MeTo.n0.'10rlll1eCKHX nYTHx,
3aIIlJIO B TynlIK, 113 KOToporo He MOrJIO 6bITb Bbl-
XO.lI.a 6e3 KopeHHoM CMeHbI lfCCJIeJI.,OBaTeJIbCKOH
l\IeTo;:r.OJIOrIIH II 06mero UfpoB033peHIIH, 6e3
peIIlHTeJIbHOM 60pb6bI C 6YP}Kya3HoH lI.D;eOJIOrHeH
BO Bcex ee <pop1aX If npOHBJIeHIfSIx.
TaKoBo B 06ll.J.lIx l1epTaX H.neHHoe HaCJIe.nCTBO,
KOTOPbIl\'1 MbI pacnoJIaraJIIi 3)J.eCb BnJIOTb .lI.0 Toro
Bpe}leHH, KOr.lI.a HaIIIa COBeTCKaH apxeoJIorlfqe-
CKaH HaYKa BblpOCJIa, OKpenJIa II BCTynlIJIa B HO-
BbIM 3Tan CBoero paBIITII5I, KOr.lI.a nepe.lI. HCC.lle-
OBaTeJIHMII B"3TOH OTpaCJIH IfCTOplIqeCKOrO 3Ha-
HUH C nOJIHoM OTl1eT'IIIBOCTbIO BbI5lCHHJIaCb He06-
XO.lI.HI\IOCTb KopeHHoro nepecMoTpa Bcero HMeIO-
ll(erOC5I HJI.efIH0-TeOpeTH1:IeCKOrO HaCJIe,n;CTBa C
l\IapKCHCTCKO-JIeHIIHCKoM TOl1KII 3peHIIH, p eIII 11-
Te.TIbHOH CMeHbI cTapoM MeTO.lI.010rIIH II aKTHBHoM
60pb6 C 6yp1Kya3HoM HJI.eOJIOrueH.
I A. M. 3 0 JI 0 Tap e B. I(ap.ltHHaJI IIlMHJJ;T H OTMap
lllnaHH. I( Bonpocy 0 KJIaCCOBb!X KOpHHX KYJIbTypHO-
HCTOpHQeCKOH IlIKOJIbl. Coo6Il{. fAI1MK, 1932, N!! 1-2,
CTp. 17-21. - C. ll. To JI C T 0 B. PacH3M II TeopHH
KYJIbTypHbIX KpyrOB. C60pH. «HaYKa 0 pacax H pac-
CH3M». Tp. HayqHo-HCCJI. HBCT. aHTpono10rHH MfY,
Bbln. IV, 1938, CTp. 137-170.-A. M. 30JIOTapeB.
PacoBaH «TeOpHH:' H 3THorpacpHH. CoopH. «HaYKa 0 pa-
cax H paCH3M:., CTp. 123-136. - f. qJ. .Q e 6 e ll. Pacbl,
H3blKH H KYJIbTypa. C60pH. «HaYKa 0 pacax " paCn3M»,
CTp. 103-122.
7 OWI8AHHKOB A. II.
HOBbIH 3Tan B HCC.'1elI.OBaHIIH HeOlHTa OpH-
6aHKaJIbH Bblpa3HJICH, KaK MbI BIIJI.e.TIH, npe}K.lI.e
,.,
Bcero B HeObIBaJIOM pOCTe IIHTepeca K HeOJIH-
THl1eCKHM na'IHTHIiKaM, B HaKOn:.IeHHII HecpaB-
HeHHO 60.TIee 06IIIIIpHoro H lI.eHHOro MaTe-
pHaJIa, qeM TOT, KOTopbn1 apxeOJ10rH pacnOJIa-
raJIII paHbIIIe. 3a HaKOnJIeHHeM MaTepHaJIa OCJIe-
;I:OBa.TIO CTpeMJIeHHe npHBeCTIi ero, H B nepBYIO
(,)1Jepe.lI.b - norpe6eHIUI, B 60JIbIIIIIM nopH.lI.OK;
5fBH.1JaCb nOTpe6HOCTb B HOBOH KJIaCClIcp HKa ll.lIlI.
B 3TOM HanpaB.'IeHIIII pa60Ta.1JII r. CPo ,lI,e6ell.,
r. .M.. KOHCTaUTiIHOB, B. H. no.a;rop6YHCKIiH 11
aBTOp .lI.aHHOM pa60T.
PeIIlHTeJIbHbIM nOBopOT BceM HaIIIeH apxeOJIO-
rlI1:IeCKOM HaYKII Ha HOBbIe, MapKCHCTCKO-JIeHIIH-
CKlIe nYTH BbI3BaJI 3aTeM II r Jly60KHM IIHTepec He
TO.'1bKO K BHeIlIHIIM npOHBJIeHHHM KYJIbTypbI B ee
apXeOJIOrHl1eCKOM Bblpa}KeHHH, HO H :meJIaHlie
r.TIy6:me II nO-HOBOMY, nO-MapKCIICTCKH, nQHHTb
}K1I3Hb Toro .lI.peBHero 06meCTBa, KOTOPOMY OHa
npIIHa.lI..rre}Ka.'1a: ero IICTOpHIO, ero X03HHCTBeHHbIM
,.. ""
ObIT, COll.llaJIbHbIlI CTpOIl, HHTeJIJIeKTyaJIbHYIO
KYJIbTYPY.
Haqa.TIo IICCJIe.a;OBaHIiRM B .lI.aHHOM HanpaBJIe-
I1HII, KaK MbI BII.ne.TIH, 6bIJIO nO.TIO}KeHO em.e npe.lI.-
CTaBIITe.'1eM nporpeccIIBHoro 3BOJIIOll.1I0HII3:\la
H. 11. BIITKOBCKHl\I; HO Ha cOBepIIIeHHo HOBOH H
npIlHI..{II11IIaJIbHO ImoM, Ka l1eCTBeHHO OTJIlIl1HOH
"
TCOpeTlIl1eCKOIi OCHOBe OHH npe.lI.npHHHT B
30-x rr. B TecHoM CBH3H C TeMH IICCJIe.lI.OBaHllRMM,
KOTopbIe 6bIJIH pa3BepHYTbI BO Bcex 06JIaCTHX II
pa3,II.e'IaX HameM apxeoJIorHqecKoM HaYKII. O.lI.HiE\1
1I3 nepBbIx TaKHX onbITOB HBII.laCb, - HanpliMep,
CT3TbH r. O. COCHoBcKoro: «,lI,peBHeMIIIIIe C.TIeJI.hl
CKOTOBO.lI.CTBa B OplI6aMKaJIbe» (H3BecTIIH
r AHlvlK, B. 100, 1933), B KOTOpofi 6bIJIli Bnep-
13bie nIlIpoKO nOCTaBJIeHbI np06JIe1bI COll.Ha.lIbHO-
:I{HOl\lUl1eCKOrO pa3BlfTHH Ha TepplIToplf1f nplI-
03lfKaJlbH B KaMeHHOM BeKe.
OrpoMHYIO nOWI11.b COBeTCKHl\I apxeOJIOraM B
)J.eJIe H3yqeHIIH .lI.peBHeihuei1 IICTOplHI HaIIIeM Po-
.lI.IIHbI OKa3a.TIIi IICTOplfqeCKlIe BbIcTynJIeHHH
H. B. CTaJIHHa, C. Ivi. KupoBa H A. A. )I(u.aHoBa
110 nOBOJI.Y KOHcneKTOB yqeOHHKOB no HCTOplIH
CCCP H HOBOM HCTOpHlI. npeO.lI.OJIeB3H BYJlbrap-
hO-COI.J.IIOJIOrHl1eCKlIe 3a6JIY}KJI.eHHH H cxeMaTH3M,
COBeTCKHe apXeOJIOrll, 3aHHTble 1I3Y1:IeHIIeM OT.lI.a-
.eHHoro npoIIl.'10rO CII6Hpll, nOIII.TIIi Bnepe.n II B
CBoeH l1aCTHOM 06:.IaCTIi.
O.aHHM 113 Han60.1Jee Ba2i{HbIX II IIHTepeCHbIX
BonpOCOB, BCTaBlIlHX Tenepb nepe.n. HIIMII, HBHJICH,
-n qaCTHOCTII, Bonpoc 0 ,n;peBHIIX 3THII1:IeCKIIX 06-
p330BaHHHx Ha TeppHToplIH CH6HpH H 06 IIX
OTl;;OIIleHIIH K cOBpeMeHHoMY HaCeJIeHlllO nOCJIe.lI.-
HE-M, T. e. 0 B03MO}KHOCTII npOCJIeJI.HTb He npo-
c-rylO XpOHO10rHl1eCKYIO n1eHY Tex II.TIH HHbIX Ha-
,., 6 "
aopOB BeI11.ell II TllnOB 3axopOHeHIIH, a KOHKpeT-
H) IO HCTOpHIO 1KHBbIX HbIRe f1JIeMeH H napO.lI.Ho-
cTefi ceBepHoM A31111, norpe6eHHYIO B Te1HOTe
BeKOB 113-3a OTCYTCTBHH nllCMfeHHbIX HCTO'IHHKOB.
ce 3TO, OTl1CTII, 3aCTaBII.TIO apxeO'IOrOB-
CIlOlipeBe.lI.OB BbIlITIf 3a npe.lI.e.TIbI c06CTBeHHO
a pxeO.TIOrlll1eCKIiX HCT01:lHIIKOB - norpe6eHIIH

50
QACTb 1. IICTOPIIR HCC."1EJ{OBAHIIH II XPOHO."IOrHR nAMHTHIiHOB
noce.,'IeHHM, nHCaHHLI., MaCTepCKHX II nOllTIi H8
C6.IJ.II}KeHHe C :nHorpaqmeM II aHTpono.rIOrHeM, c.iJ.e
CTOJIb >Ke OTlJeTJIHBO onpee.TIIIJIOCb O;umaKOBOe
CTpeM..lJ.eHHe K nOCTaHOBKe 60JIbWHX 06lIl.HX np06-
JIe11 Ha Kom.TIeKcHoM OCHOBe (pa60TbI C. TI. 10.11-
cToBa, f. <1>. LLe6ell.a, 51. 51. POrHHCKorO, A. 1.
30JIOTapeBa, 1\1. f. lIeBIIHa, f. M. BaCIIJIeBlIlJ
II .n:p.).
COBeplIleHHo IICKJIIOlJHTeJIbHOe 3Hal1eHlle .J..'HI
.n.aJIbHelilIlero pa3BIITH5I HalIleM HaYKH II pelIleHHH
Bcex 3THX C.TIO>KHbIX np06.11eM HMelOT ony6JIHKO-
BaHHbIe B 1950 r. OCHOBonO.TJaralOIIl.lIe TPY.:L bl
H. B. CTa.TJIIHa no BOnpOCa}1 H3bIK03HaHHH. OnH-
pa5lCb Ha TPYLl.bI TOBaplIlIl.a CTaJIIIHa, COBeTCKue
apxeo.TJOrH J],OJI>KHbI pa3BepHYTb orpO!\IHYIO TBOp-
lIecKYIO pa60TY, no HOBO MY OCBeTIITb B CBonx
KOHKpeTHO-IiCTOpHl1eCKIIX IICCJIeOBaHII5IX 60raToe
H CJIO>KHOe npOIIIJIOe nJIe'-leH II HapO.lI.HOCTeli CII-
--
OHpli.
Pa3YMeeTCH, pa60Ta no 3TIIM HOBbIM nYT5IM
celi1:lac eIIl.e TOJIbKO HalJIIHaeTC5I.
Bcero .1Hmb TO.ilbKO BCTvn.TJeHliel K HeM H
HB.TJ:HeTCSI ::r.aHHa51 nOnbITKa 06111ero 0630pa Heo-
.111T8 II paHHeii 6pOH3bI TIplI6aMKa.lbH C HCTOPH-
l1ecKoM TOl1KII 3peHHH, B KOTOpOM aBTop CTpe-
m.1CSI pacCMoTpeTb II cyr.nmpoBaTb R pa1Kax
v 
eJ],HHolI HCTOplIl1eCKOII KapTUHbI BeCb HaKon.TIeH-
u 
HbIlI IaTeplIa.'I, B ocooeHHOCTH >Ke pe3Y.lbTaTbJ
pa60T COBeTCKHX ncc..'let1.0BaTe.leH 3a HCTeKWHe
TPH .lI.eCHTH_leTIIH. TIepBaH, Hcxo.rr.HaSI, np06.TIeMa,
v .
C OCBelIl.eHHH KOTOpOIi c.leJlyeT Hal1aTb Halll
0630P, 3TO, KOHel1HO, np06.1eMa K.lacclI<pIIKall.HH
-- .,
11 XpOHOJIOrHH nplIoaIIKa.'IbCKHX na:'l5lTHHKOB
neO_1HTa II paHHei't 6POH3bl, Tal( KaK 6e3 HCHoro
 v
npe,J:CTaBJIeHHH 00 IIX XpOHO.l0fHlJeCKOH nOC_le.n.o-
BaTe..'IbHOCTH H xapaKTepe He :\IO>KeT 6blTb H pel1ll
 u u
o CKO.TIbKO-HHOYJJ,b WHpOKOII II YBepeHHOII nOCTa-
HOBKe Ha 3TOM MaTepHa.TJe 06lIl.IIX IICTOplIl1eCKHX
np06.1eM.
I<: 3TOM 3a.rr.al1e MbI H nepexO.lI.H:\1 B c.TIe.n.YIOli1.eii,
BTOpoli, rJIaBe HaIIIero HCCle.lI.OBaHIIH.
rJ1ABA BTOPA5I
K.!IACCII<I>IIRAlJ,IIH If OTHO(Il.:IbHAH XPOHO"lOfJIH IL-\.MRTHIlROB HEO.,TJIlTA
II P AHHEU EPOH3bI TIPHEAiiR.\abH
(IIO l\L\. TEPIIA.-rA:\l AHrAI'CJnx :\Iorn.l<hHIIl-\:OB)
l. Ii. IICTOPJIJI BOIII)OCA
Bonpoc .. 0 XpOHOJIOrlIl1eCKOli K.TJaCclI<pIIKaIl.HH
norpe6HI!.fI 3nOXli HeO.TJIiTa II paHHeM 6pOH3bI
B npIIOaHKa'Ibe HaCTO.TIbKO Ba>KeH ;I,..lSI nOCTa-
HOBKH Bcex HCTOplIl1eCKIIX np06.TJe[, CBH3aHHbiX
C naMHTHIIKa1\IH cH6IIpCKOrO HeOJIIiTa Bo06li1.e, II
I3MeCTe  Te'-f TaK CJIO)KeH H IIHTepeceH C MeTO-
,1.HlJeCKOH CTOpOHbl, a TaK}Ke TaK cJIa60 pa3pa60-
TaH, 1:ITO 3ac.llY>KHBaeT Tli1.aTe.lbHoro HCTOlJHIIKO-
Be.lI.l1eCKOro IICCJIeJ],OBaHIIH.
I<: 3ana.rr.y OT Ypa.1a, B Tex 06.TIaCTHX npll6a.ll-
THKII, rJ1.e pacnpocTpaHeHbl BO :\IHOrOi\I 6...11I3KHe
K cII6HPCKHM HeO.TJIITHl1eCKlie na:\IHTHIIKH C HM01:l-
Ho-rpe6eHl1aToM KepamKoM, XpOHO'IOfliH HeO.TIIITa
onlIpaeTCSI He CTOJIbKO Ha KlbTYPHO-CTpaTllrpa-
<p lIl1 eCKlIe, CKOJIbKO Ha reOJIOrHl1eCKHe B HaCTOH-
ll1.eM CMbIC.'Ie 3Toro C.'IOBa ,n:aHHbIe.
Eli1.e 10. Ali.TJIIO BbI.rr.e.iJlI.TJ 113 BceM IIX MaCCbI
oc06bIe rpynnbI HeO.TIHTlIl1eCKIIX noce.iJeHIIM, TaK
H.TJII Hal1e xapaKTepIl3YIOll1.HXCH THnHl1HbIM .lI.JlR
Ka}K.lI.? H3 HHX Kal\leHHbIM HHBeHTapeM Ii Kepa-
:\UfKOH. PYKOBO.lI.Hll1.ee 3Hal1elIIIe npH Bbl)J.eJIeHIIlI
3THX rpynn II onpe.u.eJIeHIIII IIX OTHOCHTeJIbHOM XpO-
HoorHII IIMeJIH He CTOJIbKO lJliCTO apxeOOrlIl1e-
CKlIe THnOOrlll1eCKHe AaHHwe (xapaKTep KaMeH-
Horo IIHBeHTapH H Kepa!\mKa), CKO.lbKO reo.'IorlI-
l1eCKlie YCJIOBHH, C KOTOpbIMII OHII CBH3aHbI. C. TJe .a:Y51
B aHamf3e CBoero MaTepHa.;ya 3a bporrepO:\I, Y)Ke
npOAe.lJ:aBIIIIIM nO,J.06HYIO pa60TY B CKaH.lI.IIHaBIIH
II IIpOCle.lI.HBWHM COOTHoweHHe TonopOB pa3.11l1lJ-
Horo THna, COOTBeTCTBYlOli1.IIX no cxeMe MOHTe-
.I1uyca pa3HbiM nepllOAai\ol CKaHAIiHaBCKoro HeO.all-
Ta, C H3MeHeHHH:\1H 6eperoBoM "'IIIHHH, AiLIHO npH-
weJI K BbIBO,n:y, l1TO no 6eperaM bOTHlIl1eCKOrO
3aJIHBa B OCHOBHOM npoC.iJeX{HBaeTCH aHa.10rII11-
HaH 3aKOHO:\lepHOCTb B COOTHOIIIeHHH :\te)K)I.V ap-
XeOJIOrlll1eC KII!ltH naMHTHHKa,m II BblCOTHbDHI
I J. Ail i o. Die steinzeitJichen Wohnplatzfunde in
Finnland,. I-II. Helsingfors, 1909; e r 0 )!{ e. Die
g'eograplsche ntwicklung des Ladoga-Sees in
P?stglazlaler Zeit. Bull. de la Commission geo!. de
Fmlade,)' 45: HelsiI.1gfors, 1915. - A. E u r 0 p a e us-
A y r ay  a. D!e relah,'e Chronologie der steinzeitlichen
K:eramlk m Fmnland. Acta Archaeologica, I, 1930.-
7*
ypOBHH:\Hf, cooTBeTcTBYIOll1.HMH H3:\1eHeHII5I,I
ypOBHH l\IOpH II :\laepHKa B l1eTBepTIil1HOe BpeMH.
Ha6..'1lOlI:eHHH AHlHO npoBepH.1 II YTOl1HIW
BnOC.TJ:e.J.CTBIIII ApHe EBponeyc, a 3a HIIM II )J.PY-
rHe HCC.'Ie.lI.OBa Te.:UI, KOTopble nO.1Hee npocJIe.rr,IIJIII
CooTHoIlleHlIe BblCOTbl 3aJIeraHIISI HeOlHTlIl1eCKHX
noce.'IeHIIM C 1I3MeHeHIUI.:\1II ypOBHH BO.lI..
OKa3a.iJOCb, l1TO no :\Iepe onycKaHIiH BO)I.bI H,
C.ile;:r,oBaTe.TJ:bHO, 6eperoBOM JIIIHHH nOCleJ1.0Ba-
Te.iIbHO !lepeMell.J.l.'1UCb BHH3 II noce.TIeHHH, a no-
3TOIY oO.'Iee n03JJ,Hlle H3 HUX pacfIoaralOTClI.
HII>Ke paHHlIx, H Ha060pOT. bo.TIbWOe 3Hal1eHHe
R YCTaHOB.'IeHHH B03pacTa Heo.1HTHl1eCKHX noce-
leHIIM 3AeCb lIfe.1H TaK)Ke pe3Y.;JbTaTbI nbI.11blI.0-
Boro aHa.!IH3a, OTpa)KaIOli1.ue onpe.rr.e.iJeHHVIO
c:\leHY K.1Iu-taTHl1eCKIIX KO.le6aHIIM. .
3a noc.TIeAHHe J1.eCHTH.leTHH COBeTCKne IIcc.ae.LJ:o-
BaTe.'IH Ha ceBepe EBponeMcKoM 1:IaCTH PC<I>CP
fIpoBe.iJH oc06eHHo 60.;JbWYIO II n.l0,lI.OTBOpHVIO
pa60TY no onpe.:I.e.:reHHIO B03pacTa Heo.TIIITHl1eCKIiX
na:\IHTHIiKOB C HHBeHTape:\1 pa3.1HtIHOro Tllna no
eCTeCTBeHHo-HCTOpHl1eCKHi\I ;I,aHHbI:\I. OCHoBHoe
3Hal1eHlle 3Aecb npHHaA.'Ie>KIIT nale066TaHH1:Ie-
CKInl Hcc.le;:r,oBaHHHM :\IeTOJ1.o:\f fIbI.:Ibll.eBOro aHa-
_lH3a, nOlYl1HBWH}1 y Hac CaJIOe WlipOKoe nplUfe-
HeHlIe B CBH3H C 06ll1.IIMH ycnexa:\IH reO.!IOrHl1e-
CKHX IIcc.TIe.n:OBaHlIM B 06.1aCTII OT.TIO}KeHIIM 1:IeT-
BepTlIl1HOrO nepno.rr.a II npOMbIlIl..'IeHHblJlH pa60-
TaMil no OCBoeHHIO TOP<PHHbIX 3a.iJe)Kei:LI
G. G j e s s i I.1 g. Yngre Stenalder i Nord-Norge. Inst.
for Sammenhgnende K:uIturforskning, Skrifter, Serie
B. XXXIX, Oslo, 1942. - B. H. P a B 11. 0 !i H K a c. Heo-
JIHTUtJeCKHe rroce.1eHHSI 3arral{Horo npH_la.!!.O)!{bSl B CBeTe
3THOrpacj:nUI HeKOTopbIX HapO.QOB ceBepo-BOCTOtlHOH A3HH.
naMSlTJI B. r. Eoropa3a (1865-1936). COOpH. cTaTeH,
M.-JI., 1937, CTp. 257-260.
I E. cD. 3 e !>f JI H K 0 B. Here)!{eMCKaSl HeO.TIIITlJ'leCKaH
CTOSlHKa. Tp. K:or.mcc. no H3}"l. tIeTBepTHtJ:H. rrepHo.n;a, T. II,
1932; e r 0 )!{ e. Heo.1HTllllecKHe CTOHHKH BOCTOtIHOro
o£pera OHe)!{CKoro 03epa. Tp. I1HcT. :un.p@P0_1., <!pxeo.'I.
II 3THorpac]mH AKaJl._ HaYK CCCP, T. IX, a}xeoJI. cep3S1,
N 1 (cf. B KHllre: B. 11. P a B 11. 0 H H K a c. HacKa.'IbHble
1i300pa>KeHHH OHe>KCKo!'o o3epa H Ee.'Ioro MOpH, tJ. I),
M.-JI., 1936; 0 H )!{ e. reo.lIOrntJecKHe yc..'IOBHSI HaXO>K)I.C-
HHH HeO.lIHTHtJeCKHX CTOSIHOK npHOHe>KbSl. EIO:lJ1. KOMHCC.
no H3}'l. qeTBepTHtJH. nepHo.rr.a, N 6-7, 1940; 0 H >K e.

52
QACTb 1. IICTOPlli1 HCCJIEj\OBAHHH II XPOHO.'IOl'HH lIAMHTHIiROB
r.'ABA II. H.7IACCH<tIHRAl.UiH Ii OTHOCIITE.TIbnA.H XPOHO.1JOflH1 nAMHTHHKOB HEO,:II1TA
53
C .I\PYfOH CTOpOHbI, Ha npOnIBOnO.TIO:>KHOM
KOHll.e CTapOrO CBeTa - Ha LI.aJIbHeM BOCTOKe,
Ha 5!noHcKIiX O-Bax, rJIaBHOH onopOH j{JISI KJ1ac-
CH<pHKaI.J.HH H XpOHOJIOrHH naMHTHHKOB pa3BIIToro
HeOJIIiTa T01JHO TaK }Ke HBJlHIOTCH reOJIOrH1:IeCKHe
H naJIeOHTOJlOrH1:IeCKHe <l>aKTbI, CBH3aHHbIe C Kmle-
6aHHSIMH 6eperOBO JlIIHHH H YPOBHH MOpH B Te-
lIeHHe HeOJIIITII1:IeCKoro neplIo.na. Y>Ke nepBbIe
HCCJIe.lI.OBaTeJIH HeOJIHTHqeCKHX paKOBHHHbIX Kyq
MOp3 H MHJlH YKa3bIBa.1:IH Ha 60JIbIIlOe 3Ha1:leHHe
reOMop<p0JlOfH1:IeCKHX .lI.aHHbIX AJIH onpe.n.eJIeHHH
B03paCTa H nOCJle.lI.OBaTe.TIbHOH CMeHbI BO BpeMeHH
HeOJIHTllqeCKHX naMHTHIiKOB pa3JIHqHOrO THna.
I1x npe,l(Ho.'IOLKCHHH nO.l1.TBCp.l1.HJIHCb HOBeHIllHMII
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meHlIeM cymH H MOpH. BeperoBaH JIIiHIISI KaMeH-
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OKpeCTHOCTHX TOKHO, .lI.eikTBHTeJIbHO BnOJIHe no,lI.-
TBepJI.HJIO 3TII npe.lI.nOJIO>KeHHH.l
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npeJI.CTaBJIHIOT, Bce }l{e, TaKIiX 6JIarOnpHHTHbiX
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CKHX nOCeJIeHHH B rJIy6HHe A3HaTCKoro KOHTH-
HeHTa - B npH6aHKaJIbe. TaKHX .lI.P06HbIX no,lI.-
pa3.lI.eJIeHlIll HeOJIHTHqeCKHX naMHTHHKOB, Co-
fJIaCHO IIX pacnOJIOJKeHlUO no onpe.lI.eJIeHHbIM reo-
MOPCPOJIOfH1JeCKHM ypOBHHM, KaK B npH6aJITHKe
HJIII B SInOHHH, Ha reppHTopliH nplI6aHKaJIbH /1..0
CHX nop n03TOMY YCTaHDBHTb He y.n;aBaJIOCb. reo-
ApKTHlIeCKHii naJIeo.'IHT Ha ceBepe CCCP. COB. apxeoJIO-
rHH, V, 1940. - M. E. <f,I 0 C c. 0 .naTHpoBKax HeO.,lHTa no
;I.8HHb1M eCTeCTBeHHb1X }J.HClUlTIJ1HH. KpaTKHe COOOI11.. J.1HCTU-
TyTa HcropHH MaTepHaJIbHOH Ky..'IbTypbl (I1HMK), BhIn. XVI,
1947. - O. H. B a.n e p. 113 nOCJIelI.HHX Ha6moll.eHHH HaJ{.
CTpaTHrpac}meH OKCKHX CTOSfHOK B CBH3H C na.TIeOKJIHMaTU'
qeCKOH cxeMoH BJIHITa-CepHaH.nepa. BIOJI.TI. K.OMHCC. no
H3)""tJ. qeTBepTHQH. nepHOlI.a, .N2 6-7, 1940.
I E. S. M 0 r s e. Shell-mounds of Omori. Mem. Sci.
Depart. Tokyo Imp. Univ., vol. I, Tokyo. 1879,
CTp. 1-36. - J. Mil n e. Notes on stone implements
from Otaru and Hakodate, with a few general remarks
on the prehistoric remains of Japan. Transact.
Asiat. Soc. of Japan, vol. VIII, Yokohama, 1880,
CTp. 83-119. - J. Mil n e. The Stone Age in Japan.
Journ. Anthrop. Inst. of Great Britain and Ireland.
\'01. X, London, 1881, CTp. 389-423. - R. To k i. On
the distribution of shellmounds in the Kwan.to district
from the viewpoint of Geomorphology. Journ. Anthrop.
Soc. of Tokyo, vol. XLI, N 469, Tokyo, 1926, CTp. 488-
552. - 1(. 0 h y 8 m a. Vorlaufiger Bericht fiber die
Chronologie cler Jomon KuUur der Steinzeit im Kanto
(Mittel-Japan). Praehistorica Asiae Orienta1is, I.
Premier Congres des Prehistoriens d.'Extreme Orient,
Hanoi, 1932. - H. B. K. 10 He p. feorpaqJHH SlnoHHH.
M., 1927. - A. H. K p H III T a cp 0 a II q. feo.'IOrHlIeCKHH
0630p CTpaH .D.aJIbHerO BocToKa. J1., 1932.
MOp<po.TIOrnQeCKHe Ha6.TIIO,.'J,eHIIH II naJIeo<paYHH-
CTU1:IeCKHe l:lCC.TIe.ll.OBaHHH HMelOT B CH6Hpn.
npaB,l:r,a. or.reHb 601billoe 3HalleHHe J1..JIH onpejI.e-
ReHHH B03pacTa naJIeOJIllTHqeCKHX nOCeJIeHllH.
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oKpeCTHOCTHX r. KpaCHoHpCKa EHHceHCKoH ry6. KpaCHo-
S:ipCK, 1892. CTp. 10-11.
2 B. 11. _ r p 0 MOB. rraJIeOHTOJJOrnlJeCKO H apxeoJl.JrH-
qeCKOe 060CHoBaHHe CTpaTHrpaqJHH KOHTHHeHTaJIbHblX
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1948.
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B03pacre CTOHHKH EypeTb (H3 nO.T\eahIX Ha6JIIOJl;eHHH
J931940 rr.). KpaTK. coo6Il.(_ HHMK, X, 1941, CTp. 40.
2 A. B. non 0 B. 01lepK na.TIe03THOJIOrH1IeCKHX HCCJIe-
.J:oBaHIIH H ,aoCTH>KeHHH BCOPfO 38 75 .'IeT (1851-
1926). 113B. BCOprO, T. I, HpKYTCK, 1926, CTp. 56.-
G. Mer h art. Neuere Literatur fiber die Steinzeit
Sibiriens. Wien. Prah. Zeitschr., XI. 1924.
.;JH3a KaMeHHoro HHBeHTapH H KepaMHKII 3TOM
CTOHHKII COOTBeTCTBeHHO CAO.sIM.
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naMHTHHKOB cTenHoM 6pOH3bI BOCTOl1HOH EBponbI
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ero pa60T, a TaKLKe C03,!J.aHHOH nOCJle OKTH6pH
06p a3 11.OBOM KJlaccmpliKaIl,neM norpe6eHuit paHHe-
MeTa.TI.TIlIl1eCKOro BpeMeHII B lVlIiHYCIfHCKOl\l Kpae,
TeM 60..1ee 3aC.TIY}KHBalOI..Ueli BHHMaHHH, 1JTO rroc-
eAHIiM npliMep OTHOCIITCH K COce.lI.HeM C H3YQae-
:\.lbI::\1 paMOHO:\1 CTenHOM l1aCTH ClI6npli.
TIpH COl1eTaHIIII C MaTepHa.1JaJ1H O,IJ,HOBpeJleH-
HbIX noce.rreHlIii llJIII OT,IJ,eJIbHbIX CTpaTI1rp a <p H 1:Ie-
CKII caMOCrOHTeJIbHbIX, C.TJOeB nOC.!.Ie.lI.HHX, .lI.aHHbIe
o norpe6emmx MorYT, HaKoHeq, CTaTb npol1Hoii
OCHOBOM KaK .lI.JIH 06IIJ;eli K.TIaCCHcpIIKall.IIH Bcex
neO.ilIITII1:IeCKHX naM.SITHIiKOB, TaK U ,lLJIH YCTaHOB-
,1eHHH peaJIbHOH: OTHOCIITe.:'IbI-IOM XpOHO.l0nm
feCTHoro HeO"lIITa II paHHeM 6pOH3bI B ue.TlO:\L
f103TOMY aHaJIH3 naMHTHIIKOB npH6aHKa.TJbCKOfO
HeOJIHTa B 3TOM nJiaHe c.TIe,lI.yeT Hal1aTb HMeHHO
. C norpe6eHHH.
TIoTpe6HOCTb B KJlaCCllcplIKaqHII II B XpOHO.TIO-
rHqeCKOM aHa.TJlI3e HeOJIIITII1:IeCKliX H pO.lI.CTBeH-
HbIX 11M «paHHeMeTal.iJHl1eCKllX» norpe6eHUH
TIpH6aMKa.:1bH OC03HaBa.1JaCb Ii paHbllle, KorJJ,a
npOHCXO.lI.IIJIO em.e TO.lIbKO Ha1:la.lbHoe HaKon.TIeHlle
C\laTepHaJIa H BnepBble CTaJIO 06HapymllBaTbCSI
pa3Hoq6pa::me 3TIIX naMHTHHKOB.
TIepBaH nonbITKa B )].aHHO:\'1 HanpaBvleHIIH 6bI.1Ja
C1I.eJIaHa, KaK MbI YLKe BII.lI.eJIH, 60JIee 40 JIeT
TOMY Ha3a,D;. B 1904 r. B «113BecTliHx» BOCT01:lHO-
CH6HpcKoro OT)J.eJIa reorpacpHl1eCKOrO o6rn.ecTBa
nOHBIiJIaCb CTaTbH M. TI. OBl1lIHHIIKOBa «M.aTe-
pnaJIbI .LI:1H H3Y1JeHIIH naMHTHHKOB 1I.peBHocTe:f
B oKpecTHocTHX f. I1pKYTcKa», r.lI.e OH oc060
,
OCTaHOBIiJICH Ha .LIBYX norpeoeHIIHx, BCTpe1JeHHbIX
H}! B 1897 r. B 6. r.1Ja3KOBCKO:M npe.lI.MecTbe
r. I1pKYTcKa. npH KOCTHKax H3 norpe6eI-IHii
M. TI. OB1:IHHHHKOBY nOC1JaCT.TJHBHJIOCb BnepBbIe
HaHnI Me)I:HbIe .'1 HCTOBII.lI.Hble HomH Bl\IeCTe
C KOJIbqaMH 113 6e.:J:oro HecppHTa. 1
CpaBHIIBaH HOBwe rJIa3KOBCKIIe HaXO.LJ,KH
C npe}KHHMll KllTO}ICKMMll, M. n. OBlImiHIIKOB
CK..10HeH 6bJJ1, KaK MbI BH.n.eJI II , OTHeCTII IIX K Ha-
qaJIY 6poH30Boro BeKa HJI II , K8K OH nncaJI
B O)I.HOH 113 CBOHX PYKonlIceM, K «Me.n.HOMY BeKy».2
I M. IT. 0 B 11 H H H H K 0 B. MaTepHa.1JbI .J:JUI H3Yl1eHH51
ll3MHTHHKOB .l{peBHOCTefi B oKpeCTHocTHX r. I1pKYTcKa_
113B. BCOPfO, T. XXV,1\"2 3, 1904, CTp. 68.
2 PYKOllHCb xpaHHTCH B apxeOBOrHl1eCKOM OT.l{ene
HpK)'TCKoro MY3eH B nallKe C HaJInHCblO «ITallK3 OB'r/HH-
.M.. TI. OBl1liHHliKOB B 1904 r., C.TIe.lI.OB a Te.1J bHO,
BbI;I,BlIHy.TI nepBYIO cxeMY K.1Jaccmlnm:all.HH .lI.peB-
HllX 3HrapcKlix norpe6eHllfi, B llHBeHTape KOTO-
pbIX HMelOTCH KaMeHHble 0pY,J,HSI. IVIH naMHTHH-
KOB, cO;:Lep}KaBlllHX, KpOMe KaMeHHblX Bern.eH, Me-
Ta.il.IIHl1eCKHe 1I3)J.eJI1IH II KPYLKKH H3 6e.TJoro Hecp-
plfTa, OH npHHH.lI 0603HaQeHIIe «npKYTcKaH Ky.ilb-
TYPa.), naMHTHHKH >Ke, r,3,e He 6bVIO CJleJ1.0B M.e-
,
Ta.l.:Ia, T. e. Heo.TIHTII1:IeCKne, npe.n..J10R{II.'1 OO"be.rr.lI-
HUTb Tepl\HIHOM «KIITOMCKaH l<y.1bTypa».1
B OT.1Hl1He OT Bcex n03.D-HeMlllIIX apxeOJIOrOB,
paCCMaTpliBaBIIlIiX MeTa.:'I.TJHQeCKHe Bern.H 113
r .ila3KOnCKH.X norpe6eHHH i\.<..:.K HMnopTHble, OB-
l1HHHHKOB nO.TIaran TO r.lI. a , Ii ;'0 HaXO.LJ,Ka B [.,la3-
KOBO TOHKoro Mel1a H3 IpaCHaM Me1I.II «BMeCTe
C KaMeHHbIMIi H KOCTHHbnm 0pY.J.HHMII B 1897 r.»
.n:OKa3bIBaeT HaJIHl1He MeCTHoro npo1I3Bo.n:CTB8
tlleTaJl.!1111:1eCKHX 1i3LI.e'lHiL OR npe)I.nOJlaraJl, qTO
.J:peBHHe 06HTaTe.1JH OplI6aHKaJIbH B Me.lI.HoM BeKe
06pa6aTbIBaJiH :\leTa.l.1 no cnoc06y, I1HIpOKO npH-
J!eHHBlllelycH ceBepo-aMepHKaHCKIiMII IIH.lI.eM-
uaIII, XO.l0.lI.HOM KOBKOM. 2
..... B. A. rOp0jI,qOB, B CBH3H co CBOHi\m pa60TalH
no H3Yl1eHlllO naMHTHHKOB 6pOH3bI Ha IOre Poc
CHII, BCKope TaK}Ke 06paTH.TJ BHIIIaHlle Ha npH-
6aHKa.1bCKHe norpe6eHHH H npHIIH.iJ npe,il,.!IO}J{eH-
Hoe OBl1HHHHKOBbIM .lI.e.'IeHHe .n:peBHeMIIlIIX MO
rH.1bHb1X Haxo;r.OK B ,!!.o.1JHHe AHrapbI Ha 1I.Be
rpynnbI. .l{.'lH nepBOH: rpynnbI rOpO'!!'UOB OCTaBHJI
Ha3BaHHe «KHTOMCKOM»; BTOpyIO OR Ha3Ba,,1 B.Me.
CTO «npKYTCKOH» - «rJIa3KOBCKOM», no fJIa3KOB
CKOy l\IOrllJIHHKY}
CBoe ;\-lHeHUe 0 B3alIMHblX OTJIlIl1HX naMHTHII-
iWB «KHToHCKOM» Ii «f.rra3KoBcKOH» KY.TJbTYP
B. A. rOpO;U.lOB HaH60.TJee nOJIHO cpopMy..mpOBaJI
B 1927 r. B 0630pHOH CTaTbe 0 6pOH30BOM BeKe
Ha TepplITOpnH CCCP, HanncaHHoH 1I.JlH «DOJIb-
IIlOM COBeclmM 3HUIIK.TIone.n;IIH». B HeH fopo.u.-
qOB OTMeTH.TJ, 1:ITO KIiToMcKHe norpe6eHHH .lI.aJIII
Kpyr.TJo.u.oHHYIO r.'lUH.SIHYIO nocy.lI.Y H «neC1JaHHKO-
Bble JIIITeMHbIe (POPMbI». l(HToHcKa.n KYJIbTypa,
ITHCaJI OH: «H306H.TIyeT HecppHTOBbIMH nOJIHpOBaH-
HbIMIi TonopaMH II 3aMe1:laTe.TJbHbIMIi KOCTHHbIMH
KIIH}KaJIa:Mn C .TIe3BHHMH H3 OCTpblX KpeMHeBbIX,
KBa pqeBbIX II xa.iIll.e.lI.OHOBbIX 1:IeTbIpeyrOJIbHbIX
n.laCTIIHOK».4
I1HBeHTapb r.TJa3KOBCKOH KY.1JbTypbI xapaKTepH-
3yeTcH, no ero C.TIOBaM, leTaJI.TIlIl1eCKHMH H Ka-
:\leHHbIMH H3.n.eJ111HMH, a TaK:>Ke 113)leJlH51MH 113
«KocTSIHOM naCTbI» II HecppHTa.
Bc.TIe.IT. 3a rOpOJJ,1I.0BbIM npoTHBonOCTaBJIeHMe
KllTOHCKIiX H rJIa3KOBCKIIX HaXO.lI.OK npHHHTo
ObIJIO H BCel\m .n.pynnm HCC.1Je,UOBaTe.TIHMH, KOTO-
pble KacaHCb AHrapcKllx norpe6eHllfl (B.Yl. Do.n.-
rop6YHcKIIH B 1916 II 1928 rr., r. o. COCHOBCKlliI
B 1924 II 1934 rr., r. /\1. l(oHcTaHTHHoB B 1929 r.,
r. <P.lIe6ell. B 1930 r., If .Qp.}.1
HecMoTpH Ha nO.TIHOe e,UHHOMbICJIHe Ha3BaHHbiX
HCCJle.n.oBaTeJ1eH, npHHSlBlllHX KaK OCHOBHoe R
HCXO.lI.Hoe .lI.mI CBOIIX pa60T nOJIO}KeHlle 0 npoTII-
BOnOJIO}KHOCTH ra3KOBCKHX HaXO.lI.OK KIITOHCKHM,
OliO no CYTII He BbIXO.!1.H.TIO 3a npe,rr,eJIbI .lI.Ora,.'LOK,
TaK KaK B paCnOpH)I{eHIIH IICCe.lI.OBaTeJIeM Haxo-
,il,HJIHCb OTPblBOqHble H He.il,OCTaTOqHO HCRbIe c}1aK-
TbI. Y caMoro M. n. OBl1lIHHIIKOBa B CTaTbe
1904 r. pe1:lb III.TIa TO.TIbKO 0 .lI.BYX norpe6eHHHx B
r1Ja3KOBO, B IIHeHTape KOTOpbIX B:\leCTe C KaMeu-
HbiMH H3.lI.eJIIIHMII OKa3aJIliCb MeTaJIJ1II1JeCKHe Be-
lUH. nepBoe U3 3TIIX norpe6eHIIH HaH)I.eHO 6bWO
OB1:IHHHHKOBbIM y aJITapR 6. r.TIa3KOBCKOM ll.epKBII
Y)Ke B nOJIypa3pYllIeHHoM BII)J,e II coxpaHII.TJO
..
TOJIbKO OCTClTKH BHYTpHMOrHJIbHOIi KJIa.lI.KH
(<<rp06a») 113 nJIHT neC1:IaHIIKa. OpH KOCTHKe Y.lI.a-
.1JOCb HaMTII ABa Me.lI.HbIX HO}Ka JlIICTOBH.lI..HOrO
nma, HrOJIbHIIK C pacTPy60M (Tpy61JaTaH KOCTb
K03bI), nOJIOBHHKY KOJIbll.a H3 6e.1Joro HecppliTa H
paCnHJIeHHbIe KJIbIKH Ka6aHa; HO BnO.TIRe B03-
MO}KHO, 1:ITO norpe6eHHe CO.lI.ep}KaJIO II 1I.pyrHe,
HecoxpaHHBllllIeCH BeIIJ;M. TIOJIO}KeHlle KOCTHKa,
YCTPOMCTBO MOrHJIbI He HCHbI. BTopoe norpe6eHlle
:: I\IeTa.TJ.'lH1JeCKIIMH BeIIJ;aMIi - Y npllIOTa CYKa-
.. ,..
l1eBa - TOl1HO TaK }Ke Hall,UeHO ObIJIO Y}Ke B pa3-
pYIIleHHOM BH)I.e. TIplI KOCTHKe c06paHbI 6bIJIH nHTb
HaKOHel1HllKOB CTp eJI , Tonop H3 Tel\IH03eJIeHOrO
HecpplITa H Me.LI:HWM HO}K B KOJIeH1:IaTOH PYKO.SITll
H3 pora' OJIeHH. B 1902 f. OBl1IlHHHKOB, npaB,a,a,
HaIIIeJI eme O.lI.HO norpe6eHHe C KOJIbll.OM H3 6e-
JIoro HecppHTa OKO.TIO ;J:atJlI «JIYHa». Ha 1:Iepene
O.QHoro H3 .lJ.BYX KOCTHKOB, .iJemaamHX 3)J.eCb
B 06rn.eM MOrllJIbHOH .SIMe, r. <P. .l{e6ell. BnOCJIe,n-
CTBHII KOHcTaTlipoBa.TJ CJle.lI.bJ Me.lI.HoM OKHCII; HO
caM M. n. OBqHHHIIKOB TOr.lI.a He 06paTHJI, BIf-
.lI.HMO, BHH'laHHH Ha 3TOT cpaKT, a nOTOMY H He
BKJIIOqlIJi 3TO norpe6eHlle B 1JHC.TIO naMSlTHHKOB
«Me.lI.HOo BeKa».
HHKOBa». no,!!. TU.M Ha3\\aHueM n 6YAYT - B D.a.nbHeihneM
iJ.aBaTbCSI CCtMIKJ{ H3 PYKOIIHCH M. IT. OB'IHHHHKOBa,
xpaHHIl.{HeCH B I1pK)'TCKOM MY3.ee.
lOB 11 H H H H K 0 B. M3TepH8JIbI ltnSI H3yqeHHH naMSIT-
IIHKOB J{peBHOCTen, CT{>. 74.
2 TaM )Ke, CTp. 73.
3 B. A. fop O!{ LI. 0 B. Pe3YJIbTaTbi apXeOJIOrHl1eCKHX
IICCJIeJI:OBaHHfi B EaxMYTCKoM ye31{e EK3TepHHoc.llaBcKofi
ry6epHHH B 1903 r. Tp. XIII ApxeoB. C'be3iJ.a, T. I, M.,
1907; 0 H )K e. Ky.ilbTYP3 6poH30Bon 3llOXII B CpeiJ.Hefi
POCCHH. OTl1eT HcTOp. MY3eSI 3a 1914 f., 1\1.., 1915,
CTp. 219, 223.
4 B. A. fop O.!l: LI. 0 B. EpOH30BblH BeK H8 TePPHTOpHH
CCCP. D0.1billaH COBeTcKaH 3HLl.HK..'JOlle.!lHSI, T. VII,
1927. - B. A. fOpOAI-lOBbIM Bb1CKa3aHbI TaKJKe coo6pa)Ke-
HHH 0 B03pacTe KHTOficKHX H r.1I33KOBCKHX llaM5iTHHKOB
B paMKax a6co.1JIOTHOfi XpOHOJIOrHH. STOT BOllpoc H,
B CBH3H C HHM, COO6pa)KeHHH B. A. fOpO.!l:Ll.OB3 6YlJ;YT
ClleUUaJlbHO paCCMOTpeHbl HH)Ke. B r:laBe 1.IeTBCpTOH.
,
I B. 11. IT 0 !I: r 0 p 6 Y H C K H H. K BOllPOCY 0 llHKTO-
rpacpHH .l{OHCTOpHl1eCKOrO HaCeJIeHHH CH6HpH. Tp. 06m.
eCTeCTBOHCll. npH Ka.J3HcK. YHHB., T. XVIII, Bbill. 4, 1916;
.) II )K e. lhorH R 3a!lallR apXeOJIOfHl1eCKHX H3btCKaHl-tfi
B llpeiJ.e.'Iax npH6afiKa.lIbH H llpHJIeralOIl.{HX K HeMY
paHoHOB. Tp. CH6. HaYl1HO-HCCJI. C'be3JI:a, T. V, I1pK)'TCK,
1928. - f. IT. C 0 C HOB C K H H. OCTaTKH iJ.OHCTOpHl1eCKOrO
npOillJIOrO y CeJIa PacnYTHHa Ha p. AHrape. I1pKYTCK,
1924: 0 H }!{ e. J1.peBHeHIlIHe CJIelJ;bI CKOTOBOl{CTB3 B
ITpH6afiKaBbe. H3B. fAI1MK, BbIII. 100, JI., 1934.-
f. M. K 0 H C T a H T H HOB. K MaTepHa.rIaM llO H3}"IeHHJO
aHrapcKoro HeOJ1HTa. 113B. BCOPfO, T. LIV, 1928.-
r. <1>. Jl e 6 e LI.. OllbiT BbI.:I.e.'IeHHH KY.'1bTypHbIX KOMll.1JeKCOB
B HeO.'1HTe ITpH6afiK3J1bH. 113B. ACCOLl.HaUHH HayqHo-HCC.1J.
HHCTHTYTOB llpH <pH3.-MaT. cPaKYJIbTere I N\rY, T. III,
Ni! 2-A, 1930.
l(pO:\Ie Toro, eCTb KpaTKHe CBe.::r.eHHH, 1:ITO eIIJ;e
B 1897 r. OBl1lIHHHKOB HailleJI B Ivle}J{oBKe KOCTHK
C \e)I.HbIMH KOJlbU3Mll H llIJIHG?oBaHHbiM. He$pHTo-
BbI1 0pY)J.HeM, a B 1912 r. BMeCTe C 3KcKypcaH-
TaMH 113 qeHTpa, Yl1arn.HmCSI-CII6HpHKaMII, paCKO-
naJI Ha 9-H BepCTe OT 11pKYTCKa K DaH:KaJIY
KOCTSIK, nplI KOTOpOM HaH,!J.eHbI 1I.Ba Me.lI.HbIX
JlHCTOBH.Il.HbIX HO)Ka. 1 -
Tpll-l1eTbJpe norpe6eHIIH, Yl1TeHHbIe IICCJIe.n.OBa-
Te.TIHMH B nepHOlL C 1904 no 1924 r., KaK «r.rra3-
.. u
KOBCKHe» B TOil IIJIII IIHOH CTeneHH nOTpeBO)KeH-
Hble, HapYIIIeHHbIe, MaTepHaJIbI KOTOpbIX He 6bIJIH
H3JI.3HbI H Ha.!l..1le:>Kalll.HM 06pa30M OfiHcaHbl, KO-
He1:lHO, He :\lOr.1J1i .LI:aTb HCHoro npe.lI.CTaBJIeHHH 06
HHBeHTape II pHTyabHwx oco6eHHocTHX TOH
rpynnbI naMHTHHKOB, B KOTOPYIO OHII .lI.OJI}KHbI
6bI.TIH BXO.lI.HTb. no HIIM eIIJ;e HeJIb3H 6bI.TIO YBe-
peHHo CY.lI.HTb 0 caMOCTOHTeJIbHOCTH 3TOH: npeJ1.-
nOJIaraeMOH rpynnbl norpe6eHHH HJIH «KYb-
TypbI» H 06 OT.TJHl1'IIHX ee OT KHTOHCKOH:. CnycTH
10 JIeT, B 1923-1924 rr., npe.lI.CTaBJIeHHH 06 IIH-
BeHTape .lI.BYX rJIa3KOBCKHX norpe6eHIiM H
TpeTbero HaH:JI,eHHOrO B Me}KOBKe, HC1:IepnbIBa-
JIIICb .TJHllIb CVMMapHbIM II npliTOM OqeHb KOPOT-
KH:\oI cnllCKOM - BCTpe1JaBmIIXCSI B HIIX BemeM .(Hecp-
pHToBble «TonopbI», KOJIbll.a Ji3 6eJIoro HecpplITa,
.TIHCTOBH.IT.HbIe HO)KH H KObll.a H3 MeTaJIJIa, «Tpy6-
l1aTaSI KOCTb K03bI», «HaKOHe1:lHHKH CTpeJI 113
KpeMHH») .2
B. A. fOPO.n.UOB, Bnp01:leM, c.n:eJIa.TI nonbITKY
YT01:lHHTb H paclllHplITb 3TOT cnHCOK TeM, qTO
BK.TII01:IIIJI B Hero «naCTOBbIe 6VCbI), HO ero no-
, ..
nbITKa He :\-1O}KeT ObITb nplI3HaHa y.rr.aqHOH, XOTH
C HeM B. A. rOpO.n:1I.0B CBH3bIBa.TJ CBoH, BeCbMa
oTBeTcTBeHHble, BbIBO.lI.bI 06 a6COJIIOTHO XpOHOJIO-
..
rH1JeCKOII .lI.aTlIpoBKe rJIa3KOBCKIIX naMHTHHKOB Ii
o CBSI3H r.TIa3KOBCKOH KYJIbTypbI C XaJIJl.CKoH. Ha
caMOM 1I.eJIe, BbICKa3bIBaHHH rOpO,!I.qOBa 0 6ycax
H3 KOCTHHOH: «naCTbI» 3 paCXO.lI.HTCH C MaTepHa-
.1JaMM OB1:IIIHHHKOBa, Ha KOTopble OH COCJlaJiCH
(CM. BbIlIIe), II, nOBH.n:HI\IOMY. CBSI3aHbI C KaKHM-TO
He.Jopa3YMeHlIeM. OB1JHHHHKOB CYMMapHO nepe-
1JIIC.1JHJI pa3,,'lH1JHble H3,!J.e1I1H, xapaKTepHwe, no
.. ....
ero c.TIOBaM, ,lI...1H «HPKYTCKOll H KHTOIICKOH Ky.'Ib-
TYP HeOlI1THl1eCKOrO nepHO,!J.a»; B TOM QHCJIe OH
OTMeTH.TI «Me-JIKHe 6YCbJ, npOCBepJIeHHbIe nocpe-
)I:HHe, H:\IeIOrn.He OKPY}KHOCTb 19 MM, TOJImHHOIO
MeHee 3 l\IM»). «TaKlIe 6YCbI, - nHCaJI OBqHHHII-
KOB, - BCTpe1JaIOTCH B O.TIeKMIIHCKe, TyHKe H MII-
HYCHHCKOM Kpae».4 OTCIO.!1.a BOBce He CJIe.lI.OBaJIO,
qTO TaKlie 6YCbI BCTpe1:leHbI 6bIJIH HM BMeCTe
1 1\1.. IT. 0 B q H H H H K 0 B. MaTepHaBbI, CTp. 70-71.-
f. <1>. n. e 6 e II.. AHTpOllOBOrHl1eCKHH COCTaB Hace.lIeHHH
npH6afiKa.'1bH B 3llOXY l103.l{Hero HeOJlHTa, cTp. 9, 39; 113B.
ApxeoJI. KOMHCC. (I1AK) , ITpH6aB.1J. K Bbln. 46. CTp. 183.
2 f. IT. C 0 C HOB C K H H. K apXeOJIOrHH AHrapcKoro
KpaH. CH6. )KHBaH CTapHHa, Bbill. I, I1pKYTCK, 1923,
CTp. 18. (CcbI. T m3 H3 I1AK, llpH6aB.!I. K Bbill. 46, cTp. 183,
H Tp. I1pKYTCK. Y'I. apxHBH. KOl\UlCC., Bbill. I, CTp. IX H X.
3 BCJIe.l{ 3a B. A. rOpO.I1.UOBbIM 3TOT npH3HaK ynoMH-
HBercH H .l{PYrHMH aBTopaMH (H3llpHMep KOHCTaHTHHO-
BHM).
4 M. IT. ° B q H II H H K 0 B. MarepHam>l nmJ H3Y'r/eHHSI
naMSlTHHKOB .l{peBHOCTefi B OKpeCTHOCTHX r. I1pKYTcKa,
CTp. 72-73. - Pa3MepbT 6yc, 011eBHJI:HO, !l:aHbl OillH6o'lHO.

56
4ACTh I. HCTOPHR HCCJ1E;J.OBAHHR H XPOHO.iIOrnR llAVIJITHHROB
I".l1ABA II. RJIACCHc%>HRA.QHJI H OTHOCETEJI.bHAA XPOHO.TIOrHH nAMHTHliROB HEO.TUi.TA
57
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58
tIACTb I. HCTOPIIR IICCJIE;I.OBAHHH H XPOHO.TIOrHH nAMRTHHKOB
r.'IABA II. It...'ACCH<<I>HKAll.HR H OTHOCHTEJIbUAfl XPOHO10rHR nAMRTHHKOB HEO.TiHTA
59
B CBOHX B03pa}KeHHHX DOPTBHHY, KaCalOm.HXCH
B03paCTa KHTOiicKIIX HaXO;I.OK, Oo,arOp6YHCKHH
6bIJI B OCHOBHOM npaB, HO npllBe.rr.eHHble HM .lI.0-
u
BOA He MorH B nOHOH Mepe .lI.OCTllqb nOCTaB-
leHHOH ll.eJlH - .n.OKa3aTb, 'ITO KHToikKHH MO-
rHJIbHHK HenpaBIIJIbHO OTO}KeCTB.TIeH EOpTBIIHbIM
C rJIa3KOBCKII:\UI HaXOJI,KaMH OBqHHHHKOBa. nO;1.-
rop6YHCKIIM He pa3'bHCHH. rpy6bIx 01l.IH60K, .llony-
eHHbIX B CTaTbe DopTBIIHa H 06'bHCHHIOII.J.HXCH
iIe3HaHHeM cII6HpCKoro MaTepHa1Ja.
CpaBHHBaH KHToiicKoe norpe6eHlle, B IIHBeH-
Tape KOToporo 06HaPY}KeH ropIllOK, nOKpbITbIH
TeKCTH.TIbHm OTTHCKaMH, II norpe6eHHe OKOJIO
.lJ,aqH «JIYHa» (y nplIlOTa CYKa1:leBa), DOpTBHH
....
C1:IHTaJI, nOBH.lJ,HMOMY, OOII.J.II:\I1I ,U,.TIH HIIX npH3Ha-
KaMH 'opHeIfflIpOBKY Ha ceBepO-BOCTOK, HeQ:>pHTO-
BbIe H3.lI.eJIH.sI H, B 1:IaCTHOCTII, KOJIbll.a H KPY}KKH,
BpO)1.e «nJIOCKOrO KpY}KKa», HaH.lJ,eHHOrO B KH-
TOHCKOM MOrIIJIbHHKe. B .n.eHCTBIITe.TIbHOCTIi }Ke
y BHTKOBCKoro pe1:lb Ill.TIa 06 113;I.eJI II II, KOTopoe
He HMeeT HlIqero 06m.ero C npocBep.TIeHHbIMIi
r.TIa3KOBCKIIMH ,Z1HCKaMH - no.TIlipOBaHHbnIlI YKpa-
IlleHHHMH 113 6e.TIoro Heq,pUTa. 3TO 6bJ.TIa «Kpyr-
. aaH n.1JHTKa 113 Heq,plITa, .lJ,HaMeTp 12.75 CM, TOJ1-
II.J.IIHa 10 MM, KpaM TIIJ.aTeJIbHO 066HT, 06e CTO-
rJOHbI nJIOCKH H pOBHbJ, HO He IIIJIHcpOBaHbI».I'
B rJIa3KOBCKIIX norpe6eHHHx 1897 r., CO.!I.ep-
}KaBIIIHX Me,lI.Hble H3.rr.eJIliH, TaK}Ke He 6bJJIO HaH-
.lI.eHo, CY.lI.H no CJIOBaM caMoro OBqHHHHKOBa, HH-
 u
KaKHX CJIe.lI.oB OXPbI, KOTOpOH 3aCbmaHbJ KHTOH-
CKHe KOCTHKH. CeBepO-BOCT01:lHaH oplIeHTHpoBKa
.... .
KOCTHKa H3 norpeoeHHH, 0 KOTOpOM rOBOpHJI
DOPTBHH, K8K 0 KHTOHCKO:\'I, OCTaeTCH He,noCTa-
TOqHO HCHO YCTaHOBJIeHHOH, a .lI.PyrHe norpe6e-
HHH co CJIe.lI.aMII MeTaJI"TIa, C KO.TIbll.aMH H .lI.H-
CKaMH H3 6eJIoro' HecppHTa, 1I3BeCTHble B TO
BpeMH, HMe1H IIHYIO opHeHTllpOBKY, 1:IeM KHTOH-
CI\lIe (Ha ceBepO-3anaJI.).
LITO KacaeTCH «Me.lI.Horo BeKa», TO, KaK MbI BH-
JleJIH, 3aIltHIU8H B3rJIH.IT.bI OB1:IHHHIIKOBa, Oo.a,rop-
6YHCKHM He peIIIIIJICH npHHHTb caMoe r'1aBHOe-
CMeJIOe npeJI.DOJIO>KeHlle 0 MeCTHOM npOH3BO.!I.CTBe
MeTaJIJIH1:IeCKHX 1I3.lJ.elHM B rla3KOBCKoe BpeMH,
Ha KOTopoe OnHpaJICH OB1:IHHHIIKOB B CBoeM
onbITe KJIaCCHcpHKall.HH norpe6eHHH:. Bce OCTa.TIb-
Hoe, qTO OTJIII1:Ia.TIO rJla3KOBCKHe norpe6eHHH OT
'"
KHTOIICIIX, HBJIH.TIOCb JIHIIIb BTopOCTeneHHbnm
npH3HaKaMH, XP<:>Ho.TIOrHqeCKOe 3Hal1eHlle KOTOpbIX
He MOrJIO 6bITb .lI.OKa3aHHbIM H, BO BCHKOM c.TIY-
qae, He Morno 3.rI.eCb C'1Y}KIITb peIllaIOIIJ.IIM 06-
CTOHTeTJbCTBOM. Ho eC1I Ha'1HqHe MeTa.TI.TIHl1eCKIIX
1i3;J.e.TIIIM B rJIa3KOBCKIIX norpe6eHHHx 6bI..;'JO
06'bHCHHO npocTOM CJIyqaMHocTbIO, OHII, oqe-
BH.lJ.HO, CTO.ilb }Ke «CJIytIaMHo» Mor.ITH OKa3aTbCH
II B KHTOMCKJlX norpe6eHHHx.
PaccY}K)I.aH noc.ne.lI.OBaTeJIbHO, HY}KHO 6bIJIO H
3.lI.eCb nplI3H8Tb CnpaBe.lI.HBO T01:lKY 3peHIIH
DOP!BHHa, coraCHO KOTOpOB OTCYTCTBHe MeTajJ-
HqeCKHX H3.lJ.eJIIiM B KIITOMCKO MOrHJIbHHKe
1 H. M. B H TKO B C K H H. OTlIeT 0 paCKonKe MOnf-l
KaMeHHoro BeKa B MpKYTCKOH ry6epHHH.. M3B. Bcopro,
. T. XIII, HI! 1-2, 1882, cTp. 4, 14.
KaK pa3 II 6bI.TJO npOCTOH CJIYl1aHHOCTblO, H.7IH,
HanpoTIIB, C.,1ellOBa.TJO BCJleJI. 3a OBl1HHHHKOBbIM
C1:IHTaTb Me;J,HbIe H3JI.eJIH51 3aKOHOMepHOH: oc06eH-
HOCTblO TOJIbKO rJIa3KOBCKIIX norpe6eHHH II B Ta-
KOM CJlyqae HCKaTb B HHBeHTape nOCJle.n.HHX n
pHTya.TIe eII.J.e 60JIee rJIy60KIIe OT.,llIqUH OT KH-
TOHCKIIX. ::horo, O;(HaKO, C,!:Le.TJaHO He 6bI.no no
TOH npOCTOH npH1JIIHe, l1TO MaTeplIaJIa, He06xo,lI.H-
Moro ,Z1JIH yr"TIy6JIeHIIH aHaJIH3a, em.e He IIMe.TJOCb,
H Bonpoc OCTaJICH OTKpbITbIM.
TI03.lI.Hee HCCJIeJI.OBaTeJIII, 3aHHTbIe 1I3Yl1eHlIe:\1
HeOHTII1:IeCKHX naMHTHHKOB CH6HPH, HeO.lI.HO-
KpaTHO B03BpaII.J.aJIHCb K BonpocaM KJIaCCllcpIIKa-
Il.HH II XpOHOTJOrHH norpe6eHHH. OplIHHMaH 3a
OCHOBY B3rJIH.lI.bI OBl1HHHIIKOBa, OHH He pa3 nbITa-
.,'1HCb HaMeTIITb H HHYIO, 60.aee CJIO}KHYIO, cxeMY
KJIaCCHHKall.lIl1 «HeOdIlTHl1eCKHX» nor-pe6eHHH
OpIl6aHKaJIbH.
Lle6ell., OCHOBbIBaHCb Ha COOTHOIlleHHH Tpex
npH3HaKOB - HaJIlIl1HH Me;J,1i Ii OXPbI, Ha nOJIO-
>KeHIIII KOCTHKa, CqHTa"TI B03MO}KHbIM BbJ.lI.eJIHTb
He 2, a 3 rpynnbI norpe6eHIIH:.
OH 06paII.J.aJI BHIIMaHlie IIccJIe;(oBlTeJIeM Ha
TOT cpaKT, qTO: 1) OKHCb Me.lI.H II oKpacKa OXPOH
TOJIbKO pa3 6bIJIH BCTpe1:leHbI BMeCTe; 2) CKOp-
qeHHble KOCTHKH He OKpameHbI OXPOH; 3) npll
OKpaIIIeHHbIX KOCTHKax, JIe}Kam.HX B BbITHHYTOM'
nOJIO}KeHHH, He 6bI.TIH HaM.lI.eHbI Me,rr.Hble BeIIlH
HJIH HX CJIe.lI.bI. Ha 3TIIX OCHOBaHIIHX 6bI1a HaMe-
l1eHa TaKaH nOCJIe.lI.OBaTeJIbHOCTb TlinOB norpe6e-
JlHH: I) BbInmYTble KOCTHKII, oKpameHHble OXPOH,
6e3 Me.rr.HbIX BeIIJ.eM (KliTOH, PacnYTHHo, lI.HKJIO-
.lI.pOM); II) BbITHHYTble KOCTHKH, He OKpameHHbIe
OXPOH, 6e3 Me.lI.HbIX BeIll.eH (Xanll.araM);
III) CKOpl1eHHble KOCTHKII, He OKpaIlleHHbIe OXpOH,
IIHOr.lI.a C Me.lI.HbIMIi Bem.aMH (fJIa3KOBO, paCKonKH
BIITKOBCKoro B 1887 r. II pacKonKH M. .M. fepa-
CHMOBa B 1925 r.).1
KOHcTaHTHHoB (1929) nOCTpOII"TI TOJKe Tpex-
11.,1eHHYIO cxeMY. HO IIHOrO BII.rr.a If oCHoBaHHYIO Ha
.n.pyrHx npH3HaKax, Ha npeJI.nOlaraeMo:\o1 «BbI:\I1I-
" "
paHHH KOCTHHOH H KaMeHHOII IIHlI.YCTPHII» H Ha
nOHBJIeHIIH MeTaJIJIa, KOHcTaTHpyeMoro B norpe6e-
HIIHX CHa1:la1a B BII.lI.e C.TIe;1.0B MeTaTIllIqeCKHX
" "
113.lI.eJIHII - Me.rr.HOII OKIICII, a 3aTeM Ii caMIiX l\'1e;J.-
HbIX 1I3;(eJIIIM. 2 HOBoe 3BeHO, npOMe}KYT01:lHOe
Me>K.lI.Y KHTOHCKIIMII H rJIa3KOBCKHMIi HaXO.llKa:\m,
npe!I.'10}KeHHOe KOHcTaHTliHoBbIM, «JIIICIIXIIHCKIiH
THn» norpe6eHHH, Ha3BaHO 6bI.TIO HM TaK no MO-
rHJIbHIIKY B oKpecTHocTHX r. 11pKYTcKa, pa-
CKonKH KOTOpOfO KOHcTaHTIIHoB Be.TJ B 1927-
1928 rf.
CxeMa, pa3pa60TaHHaH KOHcTaHTHHoBbIM, ca-
MaH ,!:LeTaJIbHaH H3 Bcex.
Ll.1H norpe6eHHH KHToHcKoro Tllna KOHCTaHTII-
HOB CqHTa.TJ xapaKTepHbIMH CJle.lI.YIOIIJ.He npU3II3KII:
1) OKpaCKa KOCT5IKa B KpaCHbIH IJ.BeT OXPOM;
2) OTCYTcTBHe B Ka1:leCTBe norpe6a.TIbHOro IIH-
BeHTapH KaKHX-1JH60 H3,lI,eJIHH H3 6pOH3bI HJIH
MeJI.H, a TaK}Ke H C.TIe.n.OB OT HX npncYTcTBHH;
3) OTCYTcTBHe HaMorll.TIbHbIX Ii.TIIi BHYTPliMU-
fl1!1bHblX cooPY>KeHRR
4) nO.nOiKeHne KOCTHKa B HMe Ha cnllHe, C py-
KaMH, npoTHHYTbIMH B.lI.O.TJb TeJIa, II rOJIoBoH,
opHeHTllpoBaHHoH Ha IOrO-3ana.n II HHOf.lI.a Ha
ceBepo-BocTOK, a TaKLKe nplIcYTcTBlie .lJ,BOHHbIX
r-orpe6eHIIM;
5) He06bIqaMHO 60raTbIH aCCOpTHl\'leHT norpe-
6abHOH KOCTHHOH HH.lI.YCTpIlH;
6) 06H"TIHe KaMeHHblX H3.lI.eJIIIM BbICOKoil Tex.
HHKH 06pa60TKH. 1V1Horo HecppllTa;
7) npHcYTTBHe KepaMIiKH.
rJIa3KOBCKHe norpe6emm xapaKTepll30BaJIHCb
lfM TaK:
1) OTCYTcTBHe oKpacKII OXPOH;
2) npHcYTcTBHe Me.rI.HbIX 1I3,lI,eJIHM (HOLKII);
3) npHcYTcTBHe BHYTpliMOrHJIbHbIX coopY}Ke-
HHM (nJIHTbI, nOCTaBJIeHHe Hano)J.06He rp06a);
4) nOJIO}KeHlIe OCTOBa Ha cnllHe, C pYKaMII,
npoTHHYTblMH B,lI,OJIb TeJIa, H rOJIoBolI, opHeHTH-
pOBaHHoH Ha IOrO-3ana.lI.;
5) cTJa60 npe,lI,CTaBJIeHHaH KOCTHHaH IIH.lI.YCTPIIH;
6) cpaBHIITeJIbHO c.TJa60 BbIpa}KeHHaH (B KO.TJH-
l1eCTBeHHO)1 oTHoIIIeHIIII) KaMeHHaSl HH.lI.YCTPHH;
7) npHcYTcTBHe KOJIell. H3 6e.TIoro HecppHTa;
8) nplIcYTcTBHe 6yc 113 6e.TJOH naCTbI;
9) KOHyco06pa3HbIe KYl111 K3MHeM, conpoBo-
}K.il.aIOII.J.lle norpe6eHHe.
OTJIHqHTe.TIbHbIMH npH3HaKaMH HOBbIX, JIIICH-
XIIHCKHX, norpe6eHIIM C1:IHTaJIOCb cJIe;(YIOIIJ.ee:
1) OTCYTcTBlie oKpacKH KocTeM B KpacHbIM
II. BeT;
2) npHcYTcTBHe CJIe.n.OB norpe6eHHbIX MeTa TJ'1I1-
4eCKHX H3.lI.eJIIiH (opOH3a llJIIi Me.lI.b);
3) TpynonOJIO}KeHHe Ha cnllae, C PYKaMII, npo-
THHYTbIMH B.lI.OJIb TeJIa, rOJIOBOH, opHeHTlipoBaH-
u
HOH Ha BOCTOK, ceBepo-BocTOK;
4) HeKoTope KOCTHKH rrorpe6eHbI B CKOpl1eH-
HOM nOJIO>KeHHII, JIe}Ka Ha JIeBOM 60KY II C rOJIO-
" u
BOIi, opHeHTHpoBaHHolI Ha ceBep;
5) npHcYTcTBHe qaCTII1:IHbIX norpe6eHIIM;
6) He061JaMHaH CKY,lI,OCTb norpe6aJIbHOrO
accopTHMeHTa KOCTHHbIX H3)1.eJIHH;
7) KaMeHHe 0pY.lI.HH BCOKOH TeXHIIKH 06pa-
60TKH co.n.ep}KaTCH B norpe6eHIIHx B BeCbMa
OrpaHII1:IeHHOM KOJIII1JeCTBe;
8) npHcYTcTBHe nJIHT, npHKpbIBaIOIIllix 1:IaCTb
OCTOBa B MOrHJIbHOH H:\'1e;
9) npllcYTcTBlIe KepaMH1:IeKHX 113JI.eJIIIH KpyrJIO-
,n:OHHbIe COCY.lI.bI);
10) npHcYTcTBlie KOHyco06pa3Hblx KaMeHHbIX
KYl1. 1
OO.lI.rOp6YHcKHH B 1929 r., nOCJIe CBOHX pacKo-
nOK B JIlIclIxe (HJIH f 0pOXOBO), TaK}Ke npHIIIe.a
K BblBO.n.y 0 HaJInqlUi, KpoMe r.rra3KOBCKl-\X H KH-
TOHCKHX TlInOB norpe6eHHH, eIIJ.e OJI.Horo, K KOTO-
POMY OH II OTHec HaH:.n.eHHbIe HM pa3pYIIIeHHbIe
1 f. ct>. .n. e 6 e n. AHTpOno.lIOm'IeCIillH COCTaB Hace.lIeHHH
npH6aHKa.1IbH B 9noxy n03D:HerO HeO.IIHTa. PVCCK. aHTpo-
no.'1. )RypH., T. XIX. J\2 1-2, 1930. .
2 r. .M. K: 0 H C T a H T Ii HOB. K }laTepHalaM no H3)'lIe-
HHIO aHrapcKoro HeO.;IIlTa. I-13B. BCOPfO, T. LIV, 1928,
CTp. 89-90. .
1 r. .M.. K 0 H C T a H T Ii HOB, Ta:\1 )Re.
8"
norpe6eHHH C TaK Ha3bIBaeMbIMH «KHTOHCKIIMH
....
no.rr.BeCKaMII», T. e. CTep:meHbKaMH pbIOO'IOBHbIX
KPIOqKOB, «BBH.rr.y He06bI1:IaHHOM 6e.lI.HOCTH HX
npe.lI.MeTaMH HH;(YCTPHII» H OTCYTCTBHH OXPbI
n 1fOrH,,'1ax. 1
LIT06 Oll.eHHTb npllBe.lI.eHHble BbIIIIe OnbITbi
KJIaCCHcpHKall.lI11 norpe6eHHH, HY>KHO yqeCTb, 1:ITO
OHH 6blJIli B 3Ha1JHTeJIbHOH CTeneHII BbI3BaHbI Ha-
KOnJIeHHeM HOBbIX cpaKTOB H He06xo)J.HMOCTblO JiX
OCMbICJIIITb, npliBeCTIi B H3BeCTHbIM nopH.lI.OK II
YCTaHOBHTb COOTHOIIIeHHe co cTapbIMH HaXo.lJ,-
KaMIi BHTKOBCKorO II OBqHHHHKoBa. TeM OCTpee
n03TOMY CKa3bIBa,,'lOCb B 3TOH 06J1aCTH OTCYT-
CTBHe npe)1.BapllTeJIbHbIX pa60T, nOCBHIIJ.eHHbIX
THnOJIOrllqeCKO:\IY aHaJIII3Y HMelOIIJ.HXCH Haxo,lI,oK.
npH HeH3Y1JeHHOCTIi KOMrrJIeKCOB .0T.lI.eJIbHblX
norpe6eHIIH, npH OTCYTCTBHH HCHoro npe.lI.CTaBJIe-
HIIH 0 TllnO.TIOrHqeCKOM xapaKTepe IIHBeHTapH H
pHTyaJIbHbIX oc06eHHOCTHX pa3JIII1:IHbIX rpynn no-
rpe6eHIIH, BceMH npH3HaHHbIx 3a C8MOCTOHT.I1b-
Hble, caM no ce6e BbI60p Be.lI.ym.HX 3JIeMeHTOB
KJIaCCH<pIIKaIl.IIH Hen36e}KHO HMeJI, KaK II paHbIlle,
CJlyqallHbrfi XapaK'fep. I1cCJIe.n.OBaTeJlH lllJUI Ha-
....
yra.lI., pa30llpaJIIICb B MaTepllaJIe omynbIO, a no-
TOMY OCTaBaJIOCb HeHCHbIM, B KaKOM Mepe YCTOM-
11 II BbI H HaCKOTIbKO 3aKOHO}lepHbI np1l3HaKII, Ha-
Me1:laBIIIlieCH IIMII .lI.JIH rpynnbI norpe6eHIIH.
He Y.lI.IIBIITeJlbHO n03ToMY, 1:ITO B HeKoTOpbIX
CYl1aHX, Kor.n.a HCCJIe.n.OBaTeAH BHOBb nOAxo;J.HJIH
K 0JI.HII:\1 H TeM JKe norpe6eHHHM C pa3Hblx T01:leK
3peHIIH, pe3YlbTaTbI napaJIJIeJIbHbIX IICCJIe,lI,OBa-
HIIM He nO.lI.TBep}K.lJ,aJIH .lI.Pyr .lI.Pyra, a Ha060pOT,
06HaPY}KHBa.TJII nO"TIHOe paCXO}KJI.eHUe B TepMII-
HO.TIOrHII II no CYIIlecTBY. HarrpHMep, «rJIa3KOB-
CKHH TlIn» norpe6eHHH Y Lle6ell.a 1:IIICJIIITCH B 06.
"
Ill.eH cxeMe co «cKOpqeHHbIMII» KOCTHKaMH KaK
O)J.HHM H3 Be.rr.YII.J.HX npll3HaKoB, a y KOHcTaHTH-
HOBa - C .«BbITHHYTbIMH». Y Lle6ell.a HOBaH
(TpeTbH) rpynna norpe6eHHH 3HaqllTCH C «BblTH-
HYTbIMIi KOCTHKaMH» II «6e3 Me,lI.H», y KOHcTaHTII-

HOBa, HaooopoT, - C Me.lJ.bIO II «cKOpqeHHbIMH
KOCTHKaMII».
.
DbI.'11I pa3Hor.TIaCIISI Ii B onpe.lI.eJIeHHH xapaK-
Tepa .lI.BYX OCHOBHbIX rpynn norpe6eHHM. Hanpn-
:\olep, r. TI. COCHOBCKIIM tIOJIara.TJ, lITO .lI.JIH norpe-
6eHHH: KHTOMCKoro TlIna xapaKTepHO Ha.nll1:llle
«Ha.llMorHTIbHOrO 6yrpa», T: e., . otieBH.lI.HO, KYP-
raHa,2 a r. 1\-'1. KOHCTaHTHHOB KaTerOpHl1eCKII (n
C!IpaBe;:;:'lIIBO) OTplIll.aJI TaKOH: cpaKT. 3
OonbITKII .lI.aTJbHeHIIIero pa3BHTHH CTapOH )1.BYX-
J.TleHHOH cxeMbI eCTeCTBeHHO oc06eHHO pe3KO BbI-
HBIIJIII Bce 3aTpy.rr.HeHIIH, C KOTOpbIMH HCCJIe.n.OBa.
Te.TIH BCTpeTIIJIIICb npH pa3pa60TKe OTHOCHTeJIb..
HOM XpOHOJIOrHH norpe6eHHH.
OpllrHHa.TJbHaH no 3aMbICJIY cxeMa, KOTOpyIO
I10CTpOH.n Lle6eIJ., OCJiOBaHHa51 Ha COOTHOIIIeHHH
I B. 11. nO.IT. r 0 p 6 Y H C K II H. PacKonKH B rOpOxoBe
(oKpeCTHOCTH MpKYTCKa) ..leTOM 1924 r. I-13B. BCOprO,
T. LIV, CTp. 95, 102.
:2 r. n. C 0 C HOB C K H H. OCTaTKH AOHCTOpH'IeCKOrO
npOllI.1I0ro y C. PacnYTHHO Ha p. AHrapa, CTp. 4 JI 5.
3 r. M. K 0 H C T.:I H T H II 0 B, YK. COli.. CTp. 93, npHM. 2.

60
TJACTb I. IfCTOPlfR HCC.TJ:E..10BAHHR H XPOHO.TJ:OfIiR TIAMRTHlfHOB
f.1ABA II. R.TJ:ACCHc1>IIKAlI.llH II OTHOCHTE.TJ:bHAR XPOHO10fIlR nAMRTHHROB HEO.TJ:IITA
61
TaKHX npH3HaKOB, KaK oxpa H Me.lI.b, C Onpe.lI.e-
JIeHHbIM nO.:l0LKeHlIeM KOCTHKa, He OnpaB.lI.bIBaTJ:aCb
Y}I{e If Tor.lI.a cpaKTaMH. OH caM OTMeTHJI B O.lI.HOM
norpe6eHIIH C01:leTaHIIe le.lI.II II OXPbI. Iv\e,.ilHble
Bell.J.H COnpOBO}l{)J.a.1'I1I, KpOMe Toro, He O.lI.HHX
TOJIbKO CKOpl1eHHbIX nOKO:HHIIKOB. Ha060pOT, Y/Ke
OBl1llHHHKOB HallieJI OT:\le1:laBlIllIeCH BbIlIle norpe-
6eHIIH C Me;I:bIO' r.n:.e KOCT51KII, CYLIH no BceM ,JaIl-
HbIM, .TIe}Ka.TJ:H B BbITHHYTOM nO.TIOLKelIlI. HaKO-
Heu:, B Xanu:araeBCKOM Morll.llbHIIKe 6bIJIII BCKope
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3BeHO SlBIIJIOCb JIIIIIIHIIM, IICKy"CCTBeHHbIM.
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B nOJIb3Y caMOCTOHTeJIbHOCTH JIHCIIXIIHCKOH
rpynnbI. JIIICHxHHCKaH rpynna eCTb He 1:ITO IIHoe,
KaK HeCKOJIbKO norpe6eHII:H, 011eBlIlIHO, OTJIlIqaIO-
I.I.J.IIXCH no CBoeIY xapaKTepy II B03paCTY II 06'be-
;J.IIHeHHbIX TOJIbKO MeCTOHaXOlK1J.eHHeM.
HeT H1I1:IerO, l1TO rOBopH.TIO 6bI 0 caMOCTOH-
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3HaHHbIX KY.TJbTYp.
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norpe6eHHM B TOM )Ke cxeMe (OTCYTCTBlie OXPbI,
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B OrpaHlIl1eHHOM l1HCJIe CJIYl1aeB. «I1pIlCYTCTBHC
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BaTb H lIpyrHe rpynnbi norpe6eHII:H, B TOM 1:IIICJIe
J npH HceneAoBaHHH MHOrOqHleHHx HeOHTHqeCKHX
norpe6eHHH B AO.'IHHe AHrapbI OT EaHKa.la 11.0 EpaTCKa
aBTopy .1J;aHHOH pa60TbI TO..lbKO O.l{HH pa3 nOCqaCTJIHBlI-
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Hoe, I<HpnH'lHblH cap3H, N2 1). Bce OCTaJIbHbIe lyqaH
paC'IJJeHeHHH m.ielOT .ilpyroH xapaKTep.
KHTOMCKYIO, B KOTOPO:H BIITKOBCKIIM KOHCTaTHpo-
Ba HalIl1He O.II.Horo KpyrJIo)J.oHHoro cocYlIa.
CTOlb LKe TPYlIHO cor..laCIITbC51 C TIolIrop6YH-
CKUM, B CBOIO ol1epe.lI.b HaMeTuBmIlM, nOMHMO
.J,BYX 06ll.J. en pIl3HaHHbIX, ell.J.e O.lI.HY, TpeTblO,
rpynny norpe6eHIIH. OH IIIe.iI ,rre.rro Bcero
C llBY:\IH, BlI06aBOK HapYlIleHHbI:\lH, MOrlI.TIaMH,
3 «oe.J,HOCTb IIHBeHTapH» B TaKO:\I c.1Yl1ae Bo06IIl.e
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CTBlIe OXPbI.
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rpe6eHHM TIplI6aHKaJIbSI cnYCTH 30 .TIeT noc..le
BbIxo.n:a B CBeT CTaTbH OBl1HHHIIKOB3, r.lI.e OHH
BnepBbIe 6bIlH nOCTaB.rreHbI, nonpeLKHe:\IY, c.TJelIO-
SaTeJIbHO, OCTaBaJIHCb HeBbIHCHeHHbI)IIL
He 6bJ.TI0 ,rrOKa3aHO OCHOBHoe U 06menpH3HaH-
Hoe nOJIO}KeHHe 0 caMOCT051Te.TIbHOCTII r..'1a3K08-
cKOM rpynnbI norpe6eHIIM II KopeHHoM OT..11111HH
ee OT KHToMcKoM, TeM 60.'1ee He Wr..'Hi: 6bITb npn-
HHTbI H Bce On'lel1eHHbIe BbIlIle nonbITKII BBe)J.e-
HHH B 06ll.J.YIO cxeMY KJIaCCII<pIIKaI.{HII norpe6eHIIM
HOBbIX 3BeHbeB, TaK KaK He.TIb3s:1 npH3HaTb OOOC-
HOBaHHbIM BbI.lI.eJIeHlIe Bcex nepe1:l1lC.TJeHHbIX BbIIIIe
HOBbIX rpynn :\wrlllbHbIX naMHTHHKOB.
113 CKa33HHoro HeJIb351, Te!\.1 He MeHee, C.lI.eJIaTI:
BbIBO.lI. 0 6ecu.e.'IbHOCTII np011:0.TI)KeHII51 pa60TbJ
B 3TOH 06JIaCTIi. He06xo.lI.UMOCTb B KoilaCCllcplI-
Kall.IUI HeOJIHTH1JeCKIIX norpe6eHIIM, Ha060pOT,
CTa.ITa CII.TIbHee no cpaBHeHHIO C npe}KHHM Bpe-
MeHeM. TIepeJI apxeo.iIorUl1eCKIIm IICc..le.n.OBa-
HMHMII nOCTaB.TIeHbI HOBbIe, HecpaBHeHHO 60JIee
CJ10>KHble H OTBeTCTBeHHbIe 3a.lI.aqU, 1:IeM Te, KOTO-
pble cpOPMYJIHpOBaJI B 1904 r. OB1:IIIHHIIKOB II
.lI.PyrHe IICCJIe.lI.OBaTeH.
B CBOIO OQepe.lI.b II B03IOLKHOCTb paCl1.TIeHeHIIH
BceM MaCCbI 3TIIX norpe6eHHM Ha OT;:I.eJIbHble, Ha-
npHMep .TJOKaJIbHble llJIH XpoHo..lorIlQeCKlle, Ba-
pnaHTbi CTaJIa TeM. 60jJee pea.TIbHOM, qTO 3a
nOCJ1e,J.Hue 20 JIeT HaKOnJIeH 60JIbIIlOM HOBbI:H
MaTepHa.rI, l1aCTO nOKa3bIBaIOU.J:H:H B HOBO:\-I OCBe-
IIl.eHIIH II cTapble, .lI.aBHO Y}Ke H3BeCTHbIe cpaKTbI.
4T06bI y6e.lI.IITbCH B 3TO:\1, )J.OCTaTOqHO pac-
c:\IOTpeTb O,IT.HH TG.1IbKO aHrapcKue HeOJIHTHqeCKUe
...
norpeoeHIIH.
.lUTU1:IeCKlIe norpe6eHH51 CTalH n03To:\IY 06'beK-
1'0:\1 HaYl1HOrO IICCJle.lI.OBaHIIH paHblIle OCTa.TJb-
IoIbIX, a paCKonKH IIX Hal1aJIIiCb 6Jlaro;J.ap51 3Hep-
rHIi H. 11. BIITKoBcKoro eIIl.e B HaQa."'Ie 80-x ro-
10B npOIIlJIOrO CTOJIeTHH.
. Ha AHrape. y 11p, KYTcKa 6bIJIII HaM.!I.eHbl 06a
HaH60Aee 113BeCTHX B apxeoJIorH1:IecKoM IITepa-
Type MOrHJIbHHKa - KUTOMCKIIM II f.7Ia3KoBCKHM,
nMeBillHe nepBocTeneHHoe 3Hal1eHIIe B K.TIaCcu<p lI -
Kau.lIH HeOJIIITH1:IeCKIIX n3MHTHHKOB BOCTol1HOM
CH6HpH II B YCTaHOBJIeHIIII onpe.lI.e.TIeHHO:H Tepm-
HO..1JOrHn .lI..TISI noc.TIe.n.HeH.
I1011TII BeCb HaKoTIJIeHHbIM .il.0 1927 f. MaTe-
plIa.'1 0 HeOIITII1:IeCKHX norpe6eHH51X CII6HpU, Bce
CBSI3aHHe C HHMH nocTpOeHII51 II Tpa,J.HlI.HOHHbIe
B3rJISI.lI.bI, TaK}Ke OCHOBaHbI Ha Hcc.le.lI.OBaHIIHX,
lE\-!eBlIlIIX MeCTO B BcpxHeM npHaHrapbe. HaKo-
Hell., CBelIeHHSI HMeHHO 06 aHrapcKHx norpe6e-
HHSIX 3nOXH HeO.TIIITa BOlli.TIII YJK:e OTl1aCTII R
B 06HXO.[( 3apy6eLKHO:H HaYKM. OTclO.rr.a npoHcxo-
JJ:IIT, HanplIMep, TepmH «aHrapCKa51 Ky.TIbTypa»,
Hepe.lI.KO ynoTpeOJIHeMbIH Ha 3ana.il.e C TeM )Ke
3Ha1:leHHeM, KaKoe MeCTHble IIPKYTcKue apXeOJIOrH
,., "
nplI,rraBaJiH BbIpa)KeHlllO «CHOHpCKIiH HeOJIIIT»
(T. e. HeG.1IHT BOCTotIHOM CH6IIplI)"
, "
TI pOBepKa paHee C.TIO>KHBlIlIIXCH npeJlCTaBJIeHHU
o TaK Ha3bIBae1OM «cH6upCKOM HeOJIIITe» II 06
«aHrapCKO:H KYJIbType» Ha TOI )Ke aHrapcKoM
taTepnaJIe IIMeeT n03To1Y 60.'1blIlOe 3H31:1eHIIe II
;I..TIH HCTOpli1i I1CCJ1e.lI.OBaHHM HeOJIUTHl1eCKHX no-
rpeoeHHM TIplloaMKa.TIb51 II .lI.H nOCTaHOBKlI no-
HOBOMY Bcex BonpocoB, nOLlBepraBlIllIXC51 paHee
lIccne.n.oBaTeJIbCKO:H 06pa60TKe. Oc06eHHo Ba}KHO
... "
TO 06CT051TeJIbCTBO, 1:ITO ca:\10 no ceoe 1:IIICJIO HaH-
j.{eHHbIX B BepXHeM I1pHaHrapbe HeOJIHTII1JeCKHX
norpe6eHHM pe3Ko npeBbIlIlaeT II ce:Hqac 06Ill.ee
IIHCJIO IIX 113 BCex OCTaJIbHbIX paMoHoB npIl6a:H-
KaJIb51 U BceM Bo06Ill.e CIiOllpli. Ha BOCTOKe 01'
oaMKa.rra, KpOMe 3HeOJIIITIIl1eCKOrO MOrHJIbHHKa
y .n.ep. <I>ocpaHOBO, B6.rr1I3H OT 6aMKa.TIbCKoro n06e-
pC:}I{bH, 2 KpOMe CXO.lI.HbIX .0Tl1aCTH C HHM MOrHJIb-
HUKOB Y 6. BepxHeY.lI.IIHCKa - r. Y.TIaH-Y.lI.3 (Ha
HU:>KHeH Bepe30BKe) ,3 Mbl 3HaeM .TIHIIIb c.TIyqaM-
Hble HeO"'IIITII1:IeCKHe HaXO.lI.KlI y r. CpeTeHcKa Ii
pa3'be3,'];a KOKY:H,4 cTapylO HaXO;I.KY Ta.TIbKO-fpuu-
11. AHL\PCb:IIE nOrPE:EEHIIR nAIl OCHOBHOI1
i\f A TEPIlA,,"1 ..lln XPOHO1] orll"{IECJoro AHA.J]l-
3A nAfRTHnI\OB CIIBI1PCROrO HEO.JIIT..\.
I Cp., HanpHMep: 0. Men g h i n. \Veltgeschichte der
Steinzeit. \Vien, 1931, CTp. 250-253 (<<Die Angarakul-
tUf») . - CneUHaJIbHbIH KpHTHqeCKHH pa360p BbICKa3bIBa-
HHH MeHruHa 06 aHrapcKoH Ky.TIbType 6Y.D:eT l1.aH B l1.aJIb-
HeHllleM.
2 A. n. OK.iI a.n H Ii K 0 B. npe!l:BapHTe.TIbHOe coo6IlleIlHe
06 apxeo..lOrHqeCKHX pa3Be.'J.Kax B oKpecTHocTflX Ka6aHcK3.
EypHTOBeAqecK. C60pH., Bn. III-IV, 1927; 0 H :>K e..
C.!Je.D:bI .a:oHcTOpnT.:JeCKHX KYlbTYP Ha ceBepe CeJIeHrHHCKoli
.lI.aypHu. CeB. A3HSI, .N' 3 (21), 1928, CTp. 63-69.
3 f. n. Co C HOB C K H H. .lI.peBHeHlliHe C.leJI.bJ CKOTO-
BOJI.CTBa B npH6aHKa.'1be. H3B. fAHMK, Bbln. 100,
CTp. 211-215; 0 H :>K e. KpaTKHH QTlIeT 0 JleTHeH pa60Te
apxeOOrHqeCKOrO oTpHa EYPHT-\oHrobcKoH 3KcneH-
l.\HH AKaAeMuP, HaYK CCCP B 1928 r. EypHTOBel1.eHHe,
IV (8), 1928, CTp. 163.
4 OTT.:JeT 0 COCTOflHHH H .n.eSlTe.'IbHOCTH lJHTHHcKoro OT-
..'I.eJIeHHfI npH3MypCKoro OTAe.'Ia PfO 3a 1898-1900 rr.
OHeT PfO 3a 1902 r., Bbill. II, cn6., 1903. - B. To J1.-
M a q e B. npe..'l.MeTbJ «KOCTHHOfO BeKa» H3 BOCTOllHOH
CH6HpH. CQ06ll.!.. fAHMK, II, 1929, CTp. 334-338.-
BbI60p 113 Bcex HeO.TJIITllqeCKHX norpe6eHHH.
1I3BeCTHbIX K BOCTOKY OT EHHCe51 H K 3ana.[(y OT
4HTbI, O.[(HIIX aHrapCKIIX, paCnOJlaralOIIl.IIXC51 B 3a-
na.!I.HO'I TIplI6aHKaJIbe, Ha Y1:IaCTKe OT oaMKa.iIa
.lI.0 BpaTCKa, IIMeeT .lI.OCTaT01:lHO BeCKlIe OCHOBa-
HIIH. BepXH51H QaCTb TIpHaHrapbH, r.iI.e HaXO
.lI.HTC51 r. 11pKYTCK, HaII6o..1Jee KpynHbIM B npOIll
.TIO ll.eHTp HaYl1HblX IICCrre.lI.OBaHIiM B CII6HpH-
pe31I;I.eHIl.IiH 6. BOCT01:lHO-CII6HpcKoro OT.lI.e.lla
feorpa<p1I1:IeCKOrO 06weCTBa H npHHa.lI..TJe)KaBillerO
OT,il.eJIY CTapeMIIIero CII611pcKoro MY3eH, OCHOBaH-
Horo ewe B KOHll.e XVIII B., Bo06Ille H3YQeHa
B apxeoJIOrllqeCKO1 OTHOIIIeHIIII ropa3)J.0 nOJIHee,
1:IeM OCTa.TIbHbIe paHOHbI. HaXOLlHMbIe 3.neCb Heo-
11CBHl1a Ha TV.1Tv-D.a6aHe, I O.lI.HO HHTepecHoe, 110
ellOCTaTOl1HO iOKYMeHTHpOBaHHoe, norpe6eHue
C KaMeHHbI:\1H Bell.J.aMH C p. AprYHH, HalI.lI.eHHOe
B 1929 r. ECTb YKa3aHliH Ha HeO.lIHTHl1eCKHe no-
rpe6eHIIH H3 TYHKII. 2 Iia ceBepe Ii ceBepo-BcToKe
OT oaMKa.TIa HeO.TIIITUl1eCKHe norpe6eHII51 HaH.lI.eHbl
B 60..1bIIIOI 1:IHC.le TO.TJbKO Ha BepXHe:H JIeHe, Ha-
l1HHaH C oKpecTHocTeM c. onplO..'IbCKOrO, H cny-
cKalOTCH nOKa .lI.0 YCTb-I1.TIrH,3 HULKe KOTopoM Ha-
,., .
4HHaeTCH HOBaSI Ky.TIbTypHa51 OO.TJaCTb HeOllITa.
K 3analI'y OT c. BpaTcKa .lI.0 1939 r. ObI.TIH H3-
BeCTHbI CJ1Yl1aMHble HaXOJI.KII B c. 4a.n.06r.;.e H
AHrape; 5 HeCKOJIbKO IIHTepeCHbIX norpeoemiH
HaHLleHO V K p aCHOSipCKa, Ha EHIIcee,6 B Ba3alIxe
 "8
nCi AcpoHToBOM rope 7 H I1epeB03IIHCKOH CTOHHKe.
Ewe ,a,aJIee K 3ana,rry. 3a EHliceeM, .lI.pyrHe 6ec-
cnopHo HeOJIIITl111eCKIIe norpe6eHH51 HeIl3BeCTHbI,
KpoMe HaMJ.{eHHblx B 1. CTaJIHHCKe (KY3 He ll.Ke),
B BaTeH51X II H3 4Y.lI.au.KoH rope y l3apHaYJIa. 9
Heo.TIIITlIl1eCKUe H 6JIII3KIIe K HIIM 3HeOJIHTH1:Ie-
,., "
Cl{J1e norpe6eHlISi, oOHapY1f.{eHHble B BepXHel1
1:IaCTH AHrapcKoH LlOJIIIHbI - OT BaHKaJIa .lI.C
G. Mer h art. Sibirien. Neolithikum. Reallexikon der
Vorgeschichte, Bd. XII, CTp. 69 (0 HaXOI1.KaX CepreeBa
Y p33"be3!1: a KOKYH 3a6aHKaJIbCKOH :>KeJIe:mOH 1I.0pOfH).
I 10. .!J.. T a .1. b K 0 - f P H H I.l e B H q. .lI.peBHHe naMflT-
IIHKn 3ana.J.Horo 3a6aHKa.'IbH. Tp. Xl I ApxeoJI. C"be3.D:a,
T I; 0 H }K e. MaTepHa.lJ K na.llro3THOJIOrHH 3a6aHKaJIbH.
Tp. TpoHUKocaBcKo-KflXTHHCK. OTD.. PfO, T. IV, N2 2,
CTp. 32-35.
2 HaXOKH C AprYHH xpaHSITCH B HpKYTCKOM MY3ee.
° TYHKHHCKHX HaXO,J,Kax CM.: CBeAeHHH nOJI.rop6YHCKor
B CTaTbe «K Bonpocy 06 H3yq:eHHH CTOHHOK TOpCKOH
H TYHKHHCKOH KOT.IJOBHHbI». Tp. npo<}J. H npeno.!J..
I1pKYTCK. YHHB., 1923. BbJn. IV, OT1I.. OTT., c:rp. 9,
npHM. 7-8. - H. C. my K H H. Hapol1.Hble naMHTHHKH
B BOCTOllHOH CH6Hpn. H3B. PfO, T. XVIII, 1887,
CTp. 230-231.
3 A. n. OK.1 3 JI. H n K 0 B. HeOJIIITUqeCKHH MOfl'\.'IbHIiK
B MeCTHOCTH XanuaraH (B. J1eHa). H3B. BCOPfO, T. LlII.
HpK)"TCK, 1928. - Cpo 3aMeTKY "'0 neo. r IHT!lQeCKI1X norpe6e,:-
HHSlX y c. TYTypbI, )KHraJIOBCKOro paHosa, HpKYTCKOH
06JIaCTH B ra3eTe «YHHBepcHTeTCKoe CJIOIiO», HpKYTCK,
1923, N2 21.
4 M. n. ° B 1I H H H H K 0 B. TIoHCHHTeJ1bHaH 3anHC
K BeIllaM, HaHAeHHbIM y r. OJIeKMHHCKa SIKYTCKOH
06JIaCTH Ii npHCJIaHHbIM B AHTpOnOJIOrH'IecKHH OTJI.eJI.
113B. 06m.. .'I106HT. aHTpono.l. H 3THOrpaq,HH npH MOCK.
VHHB., T. XVIII, 1890; Tp. AHTpono.lJ. OTJI.., T. XII; }J.HeBH.
AHTpono.'1. OT.J.. Bbln. 3.
5 H. H. B H TKO B C K H H. CJIe.nbJ KaMeHHoro BeKa
B .1J;o.IJHHe p. AHrapbI. H3B. BCOPfO, T. XX, N2 2,
CTp. 4, 7.
6 H. T CaB e H K 0 B. K pa3Be.iI.OqHblM MaTepHaJIaM no
apxeOJJOrH cpeAHero TeqeHHH EHHceH. H3B. BCOPfO,
T. XVII, 1'1'2 3-4, CTp. 323-330. - H. K. A Y 3 P 6 a x.
lI.oHcTOpHqeCKOe npouI.1lOe TIpHeHHCeHCK.Jro KpaH. I.
KaMeHHbIH nepHoA. KpacHoHpcK, 1929, CTp. 3-4. - B. f.
K a p I.l 0 B. MaTepHa..l K apxeOJ1.0rHH KpaCHOSIpCKoro
paiiOHa. KpacHoHpcK, 1929, CTp. 6, 24-25.
7 B. H. f P 0 I 0 B. H3 nOJIeBX apxeOJIoruqeCKHX Ha-
6J;IO.1J;eHHH Ha EHHcee JIeTOM 1933 r. npo6JIeMbi HCTOpHH
..'I.OKanHT. 06IllecTB, 1934, N!! 2, CTp. 97-99. (JIeToM
1937 r. HOBoe HeO.'IHTHT.:JeCKOe norpe6eHHe pacKonaHo Ha
A<}JOHTOBOH rope aBTopoM H pa60THHKaMH MeCTHoro
M\"3eH). .
"8 B. TI e p e 11. OJI b C K H H. TIo peKe EHHcelO Hero npn-
TOKa1. H3B. pro, T. XXII, BbIn. 3. =- B. TI e p e .a: 0 ."'1 b-
C K H H. KOHcneKT .lJeKU.Hi!: no aHTpono.'10rHH. Cn6., 1901,
.m _ 
9 M. TI. f P H 3 HOB. JJ.peBHHe KYJIbTypbl rt..IlTaSi. l' aTep.
no HSyq:. Cn6HpH, BbIP. 2. HOBOCH6HpCK. 1930.

62
QACTb I. IICTOPIDI IICC.TIE;J;OBAHIIH II XPOHO.TlOrlUI IIAi.\lHTHlU\OB
r.rIABA II. KJIACCllc:I>HKAll.HH Ii OTHOCHTEJIbHAH XPOHOJIOrliH nAMHTHIiKOB HEOJIHTA
63
5paTCKa, - npe.rr.CTaB.1HlOT n03TOMY B ;I.aHHOe
BpeMfI Hall60JIblIIHH IIHTepeC CpeJIH BCeX OCTaJIb-
HbIX pO.lI.CTBeHHbIX 11M HeOTJ:IITH1:IeCKHX naMSITHH-
KOB CII6HpH, npll6aMKaJIbH, B 1:IaCTHOCTII.
Pa3p03HeHHble H 1:IaCTO c.TIYl1aH:HbIe HaXOJIKH
HeOJIIITH1:IeCKIIX nOrpe6eHIIM B .lI.pyrHx paH:OHaX
i.ll.e He \OrYT .n.aTb CKOJIhKO-Ht,6YJ1.b ueJIocTflOif.
OOlIl.eH:, KapTIIHbI. He1l36e}KHaH OTpbIB01:lHOCTb
liMeIOlIl.HXCH CBe.zr.eHIIH, HenOJIHOTa II HepaBHOll.eH-
HOCTb HaTJ:H1:IHOrO MaTeplIaJIa npenflTCTBYIOT IIX
KJIaCcmt>IIKaIJ.1I1I II JI.eJIalOT HeB03:\IO)KHbIM BbI;r.e-
TJeHHe KaKHX-JIII60 10Ka.llbHbIX H XpOHOJIOrlIqe-
CKIIX rpyrin. nplIB.TIel1eHHe Ha ,n,aHHOM 3Tane IIC-
CJIe.lI.OBaHHH HeMHor01:lIlC.'IeHHbIX II pa3HOpO.lI.HbIX
Haxo.n.OK H3 .n.pyrHx paHOHOB MO>KeT JI.a}Ke npn-
BeCTH K pa3TlHqHbIM OIIIII6KaL JIoKa.lbHble OCO-
6eHHOCTII MorYT ObITb npIIHHTbI, HanpliMep, 3a
XpOHOJIOrllqeCKHe, C.lI.IIHH1:IHble cpaKTbI - 3a 06lIl.ee
SlBJIeHlle.
Ha060pOT, IIOCJIe npHBe;I.eHIIH B H3BeCTHOCTb
o aHaJIII3a HalI6D.11ee nOJIHO 113Yl1eHHOrO aHrap-
CKoro MaTepHaJIa CTaHeT BnOJIHe B03l\I0}KHbIM
HCTIOJIb30aHlie B KaeCTBe cpaBHIITeJIbHX .lI.aH-
HbIX CBe.lI.eHIIM 06 aHaJIOrllqHbIX naMHTHHKax co-
ce.lI.HIIX TeppHTopHH. AHrapcKlle HeOJIIITlIqeCKlie
Haxo.zr.KII B CIIJIY IIX 0611JIHH H 60raTcTBa .lI.OJI}KHbI
SlBIITbCSI CBoero pO.lI.a «K.TIIOqOM» K OCTaJIbHbIM;
aHaJIII3 IIX MO}KeT CTaTb onopHbU1 nYHKTo'1 .lI..TIH
,naJIbHeHmero npOABII}KeHHH B 3TOH 06.TIaCTII.
OrpaHII1:IeHlle HCCJIe.l{OBaHHH MaTeplIa.TIaMII,
npOIICXO.lI.HlIl.IIMIi TOJIbKO 113 caMOH AHrapCKOH
)10JIIIHbI, a He C npliTOKOB AHrapbI, TaK}Ke 1I:\leeT
,nOCTaTOqHOe OCHOBaHlIe.
B JIHTeparype 113BeCTeH TOJIbKO O)].IIH c.TIYl1aH
HaXOJI,KII HeOJIHTHqeCKOrO norpe6eHHSI Ha O.lI.HOM
03 npliTOKOB AHrapbI - Ha p. EeJIOH. 1 f. <1>. JI.e-
6ell. 06HapY}KH.1J npll paCKonKax HeOlIITHl1eCKOM
'CTOHHKII Ha 11JIHMe OCTaTKH pa3pYIIIeHHoro .lI.eT-
CKoro norpe6eHIIH. MHe 113BeCTHa TaK)!{e eIIJ.e
-O.lI.Ha c.TIY1JaH:HaH HaXO.lI.Ka KOCTHKa, .TJ:e}KaBIIlerO
no.lI. KaMeHHOH K..TIa.lI.KOH, C rapnYHOf 113 pora,
OKOJIO 11JIIIfCKa. DOCJIejI.Hlle .IT.Be aaXOJlKII He
ony6.TIIiKOBaHbI, KaK II HeKOTopbIe JI,pyrlle, Ha-
npHMep CJIyqaMHbIe C60PbI l(IIPllJI.TIOBa Ha neCKax
B TYHKe, l(oHcTaHTlliIOBa - B EaJIaraHCKOH
CTenli Y HYKYT (no YCTHOMY COOOlIl.eHHlO
f. n. COCHOBCKoro). 11cCJIe.lI.OBaHlie faTeplla1JOB,
;J.06bITbIX B .lI.o.ilIIHe AHrapbI, .n:OJIJKHO 6bITb Henpe-
MeHHbIM YCJIOBHeM JI,JIH nOHHMaHIIH TaKIiX e.lI.lI-
HllqHbIX HaXOJI,OK, 3HaQeHIIP KOTOpbIX Bo06lIl.e
CtJeHb OrpaHII1JeHO B CIIJIY 6eJlHOCTH H TIyqaHHO-
CTH HaXO.lI.oK, Te)1 oo.nee, 1:ITO HeKOTopble 1I3 HIIX,
HanpHMep COOpbI l(lIpH.TJJIOBa B TYHKe, B036y-
}1\J!aIOT pa3.1JH1:IHble CO!\1HeHIIH II nOTOMY He Moryr
6b!Tb npHHHTbI B paC1:IeT IIPIi CTOJIb OTBeTCTBeH-
HOM .lI.eJIe, KaK KJIaCcml>lIKaUIiH MorlI.TJ:bHbIX na-
MHTHHKOB. 2
I H -
. fl. fI 0 n 0 B. OCTaTKH !f.OHCTOpHlJeCKOrO lJenOBeI<a
OKOJIO C. EaJ{aH. CHO. )KHBaH CTa p HHa, III-IV I1 p Jro'TcK
1925. ' . ,
2 )l(eJIaTenbHO, KOHelIHO, apXeonorHtJeCKoe OOCJIe.ll:OBa-
HHe XOTS!. Obi B8}KHeAumx nS!.TH-lllecTH npHWKOB AHrapbI,
O nO.ll:OOHOe npe.ll:npHHTHe MO)KeT Obl1 b OCYlUecTBJIeHO
CBO.ll:HaH KapTa pacnpOCTpaHeHHH norpeoeHHH 9DOXH HeO.lIHTa H paHHeH
6pOH3bl Ha AHrape.
'-lepHblMH Kp}':iI\KaMH 0603HaqHbI MOrlt:lItH}IKH Ii norpe6eHHH.
B COOTBeTCTimn C nOCTaB..leHHbIMH lI.e.TJ:SiMH
B OCHOBY K.1aCCII<I>IIKaI.J.IIII nO.l0}KeHbI MaTeplIa1bI
69 .n;peBHHX MorH.TJbHIIKOB, HMeIOlIl.HXCH B JI.0.1HHe
AHrapbI OT EaMKa.TJ:a )].0 5paTCKa, H CBe.n:eHIISI
o HaM.lI.eHHbIX B HHX nOrpe6eHIISIX, 113 KOTOpbIX
171 norpe6eHHe MO}KeT 6bITb IIcno..lb30BaHO .LI..'1H
u.e.rreH. KJIaCCI1<pI1KaUHl1. vb 69 nVHKTOB 49 llCile-
;r.OBaHbI aBTopOM pa60TbI C ero TOBaplIm.aMII, co-
rpy.n;HIIKam no apxeOoll0rHl1eCKH:\1 I1CCJIe;I:OBa-
HH5IM, npOBO.lI.HBIIIHMCSI I1pKYTCKII.\1 MY.:Jeel\!
H MeCTHbIM KpaeBe.rr.l1eCKHM oomecTBOM (6.
BCOprO) npH nOJI..lI.ep}KKe 6. f A11Ml( (HbIHe
H111 v lK) B 1932, 1933, 1934, 1936 Ii 1937 rr.
Ha Yl1aCTKe AHrapcKoM .J.O.ITIIHbI OT EaMKa.TJ:a
;IO EpaTKoro OCTpora U3BeCTHbl Tenepb C-.Jle;r.ylO-
lllie nYHKTbI, rJI,e 06Hapy)!{eHbI HeO_1IITJil1eCKHe
norpe6eHIIH IlJIII IIX OCTaTKII (pIiC. 2):
OHH KOHll.eHTpllpYIOTCH Ha KapTe 60JIbIIlIIMH,
11011111 CnJIOlliHbIMIi nHTHaMH 11 nOJIOCal\UI. B JI.py-
rllx l\IeCTaX BII.lI.HbI pe3Klle pa3pbIBbI, «nYCTble
npOCTpaHCTBa».
nepBYIO 06JIaCTb HaH60JIbIIIeH KOHll.eHTpall.HH
HeOJ1IITH1:IeCKHX norpe6eHIIH npeJI.CTaBJISIlOT OKpeCT-
HOCTH 11pKYTCKa B 60 KM OT
BaMKaJIa, oc06eHHo JIeB06e-
pe>Kbe AHrapbI B YCTbe
H pKYTa, npOTHB ueHTpaJIbHoM
qaCTH r. 11 PKYTCKa. 3.n;ecb
pacnOJIaraeTCSI fna3KoBcKHH
IOTl1JIbHIIK, 3aCJIY}KHBaIOIIJ.HM
HaHMeHOBaHIiH HeKpOnOJIH.
TaK KaK B COCTaB ero BXOAHT
HeCKOJIbKO :KJIaJI.OHIIJ. pa3JIHq-
Horo xapaKTepa H B03pacTa.
B ,lI.nIlHY 3Ta 30Ha .lI.OCTHraeT
20 KM.
BTopaH 30Ha 06HJIbHOH
KOHueHTpall.HII HeOJIHTHl1eCKHX
norpe6eHHH HaqliHaeTCH B
YCTbe -p. Ee.nOH H THHeTCH
BHH3 no AHrape .B.lI.OJIb ee
npaBoro 6epera, TI01:lTH BIIJIOTb
.!J.O .lI.ep. HIILKHe-Cepe.lI.KIIHo.
3.!J.ecb B pH.n;e IIYHKTOB HeT
nOl1TII HH O.n;HOH na.n;H, r.lI.e He
6bIJIO 6bI naMJIeHO o.n;Horo HJIII
,lI.BYX H'6oJIee HeOJIHTH1:IeCKHX
norpe6eHHfi. ItJIHHa 3TOH. 30-
HbI OKOJIO 60 K!\-I.
HIIJKe .lI.ep. HH}KHe-Cepe.n;-
KIIHO, BnJIOTb .n;o IUHBep,
Ha npOTHJKeHIIH OKOJIO 90 KM,
He BCTpeqeHO IIOKa aeOJIHTH-
1:IeCKHX norpe6eHHH:.
OT llIHBepbI .n;o YCTb- y.n;IIH-
CKHX TIOrpe6eHllH OKono 40-
50 K.\f. ,l{aJIee neLKHT CepoB-
CKHM MOrHJIbHHK (B 40 KM OT
YCTb-Y.n;bI) H 3a HHM AHOCOB-
CKHH. HH}Ke, Ha npOT5I}KeHHU
OKOJIO 200 KM, pacceHHbI
JIlillIb OTJI,eJIbHbIe MOrHJIbHHKH.
HOBaH 06JIaCTb, OOHJIbHaH
MOrIIJIbHIIKaMH, HallHHaeTCH
C EonbIIIOH MaMbIpH H 3aKaH-
1:IHBaeTCSI Y EpaTcKa, 3aHHMaSI
OKOJIO 50-60 KM BJI.OJIb IIpa-
Boro 6epera AHrapbI '11 nepe-
XO.lI.SI Ha neJ3bIM 6eper B YCThe
O B 
KII. rrOJIHe rrOHHTHO, 1:ITO
JIaKYHbI B pacnpell:eJIeHHII MO-
rHJIbHIIKOB OTl1a CTH onpe.n;e-
...
JIHIOTCH IIpOCTO OTCYTcTBHeM CBe.lI.eHIIII, IIOTOMY 1:ITO
B TaMre He TaK YLK JIerKO HaMTII MOrJlJIbHIIKH, TIO-
KpbITbIe II01:lBeHHbIM nOKpOBOM II rYCTOH Tae}KIIOU
paCTHTeJIbHOCTbIO. MHorHe norpe6eijlIH 11 ll.e.;1ble
1\!0fIf.TIbHIIKH 6eCCJIe.lI.HO 6bIJIH pa3pyrueHbI COXOll
KpeCTbHHHHa, no Heo6xo.lI.IIMOCTII BbI6HpaBIIIero
.ItJl.sI IIailiHII Te }Ke MeCTa, r.lI.e paCIIOJIaraJIIICb
MOfHJIbHIIKII H CTOHHKH .n;peBHHX }KHTe.JIeM KpaH.
1. IUYKHHO.
2. 17-H BepcTa.
3. Me)KOBKa.
4. KY3bMHxa.
5. Pa3BoLlHasL
6. JIecHxa.
7. Y KpecTOBcKoH UepK-
BH Cr. I1pKYTCK).
8. r.1a3KoBo. v KaMeHHoJi
.
uepKBH.
9. L1a3KoBo, y nplllOTa
CYKatJeBa.
10. f.1a3KoBo, .lI:atJa JIYHa.
11. r.TIa3KOBO; norpeoeHHe,
HaHLleHoe CaBHUKHM
y )K.-J{. lIlKOJlbI.
12. Lla3KoBo, nepece.leH-
qecKHH nYHKT.
13. rJIa3KOBO, U:HK.10-
.J.pOM.
14. fla.ll:b YlllKaHKa.
15. MOrnJIbHHK 51pKlf, B
YCTbe KHTOH.
16. YCTbe KHTOH, 3BepeBo.
17. YOOJIbe 3a oOHHeH.
18. nOHoMapeBo.
19. Ea.lIywKHHO.
20. EypeTb I. naLlb Cy-
xaH.
21. EypeTb II, naJ.{b Cy-
xaH.
22. BepxHHH EypeTb (Ey-
peTb III).
23. fla].{b qacTl>le.
24. JIHKoBKa.
25. YCTb-JIo.lIraH.
26. na.1I.b CBHTaH.
27. fla.ll:b KanallIHHKoBa.
28. fla.ll:b MaxoHbKHH8.
29. TIa.1.b COOaQHH .1I0f.
30. CeMeHoBo.
31. I1I.{blrYH.
32. KaMeHKa (YCTb-I1.a).
33. f10J{oc-rpOJKHoe.
34. flO.1I.ocTP0)KHOe, «I<HP-
lUitJHbIH capaH».
35. nOiJ,OCTp0)KHOe, ropo-
:I,Hme.
36. f1aLlb rro.lbHHK.
37. rapaHbKHH .TIor.
38. f1aiJ,b HOXOH.
39. f1a)J.b XHHbcKaH.
40. 4ypHHCKH" .TIO)KOIC
41. f1a..'J.b r JIV60KaH.
42. rY.J:aeB .hor.
43. C. Ka3alJbe.
44. JI:ep. EYMa)KKHHo.
45. .D.ep. rO.IIOMbICKa.
46. EBceeBo.
47. BepxHe-Cepe.ll:KHHO.
48. HH)KHe-Cepe.zUGIHO
49. 3aHfKa.
50. flpOTHB OCHHcKoro
OCTpOB3.
51. llIHBepa.
52. PIOTijHO.
53. YCTb-Y;:r.a.
54. CepoBo (3BepeBo).
55. AuOCOBO.
56. I1rnpM8 I.
57. I1rHpM8 II.
58. PacnYTHHo.
59. Ea.'IHHCKaH.
60. CYBOPOBO.
61. MOKa.
62. 3aHpc p. Ke1Ke'lKa
63. 3aHpcK, y npHcTaHH.
64. EO.1Jb1Il8H Ma:\ibJpb.
65. ManaH MafbIpb.
66. KeJK:\ra (BepxHHH).
67. JIYQHxa.
68. EpaTcKHH KaMeHb.
69. I1caKoBo.
II
'I
II
I
npH B3rJIH.lI.e Ha apxeO.ll0rH1JeCKYIO KapTY .lI.0-
JIHHbI p. AHrapbI H npoCMoTpe nplIBe.lI.eHHOrO
3.l1.eCb cnllCKa MOrllJIbHIIKOB 06HaPY}KHBaeTC5I
cBoe06pa3HaSl 3aKOHOMepHOCTb B IIX KOJIllqeCT-
BeHHOM pacnpe.lI.eJIeHII.II IIO AHrape. MOrlIJIbHIIKH
pacnOJIara!OTCH Heo.n;IIHaKOBO Ha BceM npOTH}Ke-
HIIII AHrapCKOH ,llO.TIIIHbI. B HeKOTOpblX paHOHax
1"OJlbKO lIP" c.OOl'BeTc1BYID1ll.eH ero M.8CUlT80aM., 8 nOTOMY
If BecbMa 3HatJHTe..lbHOH, 3aTpa-re CHo?, BpeMeHH H cpe,nCTB.
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HeCOMHeHHO II TO, 1:ITO 3Ta HepaBHOMepHOCTb Ha-
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CTpaHeHHH OCTaTKOB HX KYJIbryp.
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CKOH JI.O.TJ:HHbI, elll.e coxpaHIIBIIIHM CYPOBbIH
xapaKTep, CBOHCTBeHHbIH OKpeCTHOCTHM II n06e-
pe1KbIO DaHKaJIa. Y3KaH JIeHTa peKM, CTpeMII-
TeJIbHO npopbIBaIOIIleHCH CKR03b EaHKaJIbCKlie
«BopOTa» IIO KaMHHM nOpOJKHCTOrO .!I.Ha, TeCHble

64
1:IACTb 1. HCTOPIlH HCC."'IE;J:OBAHHH II XPUliO.l0rUH nAl\IHTHliKOB
l'.TIABA II. R.,lACCII<1JIIl\AII.H II OTHOCIITE..'IbHAH XPOHOJIOrIlH nAMHTHIiKOB HEO.'1I1TA
65
.!J.O.'1I1HbI Tae>KHbIX peqeK II pyqbeB (KOpO.TIOK,
fiyp.n.yrY3), BbICOKUe KpYTble OTKOCbI rop C.'1eBa
H oAHo06pa3HaSi B03BblrneHHOCTb npaBOrO 6epera,
3aMKHYTaSi Ha rOpll30H1'e rOpHbIMII ll.eUSI:\m,-
raKOBa 3Ta MeC1'HOCTb, r.iI.e H Tenepb O1'CYTC1'BYIOT
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60JIbIllOrO ropo.!J.a, .n.a H B CaMbIX KpynHblx HaCe-
.fIeHHbIX nYHKTaX OCHOBHbnl 3aHHTHeM HB.TIHI01'CH
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pa3.'IlIqHbIe npO:\IbIC.'1bl ll.'111 paOOTbI Ha CTeK.l0-
3aBO.n.e, OCHOBaHH011 B XVIII B. 3. JIaKc:\laHoM.
BMec1'e C pacIIIHpeHlIe:\1 peQHOH ;I.O.iIHHbI
y HpKY1'cKa ropbI C:\leHHIOTCH nOJl0rH:MII xo.'1-
MaMll, a Ha.IJ.noM:\feHHble 1'eppacbI Bn.'10THYIO no)!.-
XO,a.HT K peKe. 3;1.eCh :>Ke Bna)J.ae1' B AHrapy
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BO)l.UYIO apTeplilO. He c.'1Yl1aMHo, 011eBII,!I.HO,
IDteHHO B 3TOM paHoHe pacnpOCTpaHeHbI He
TO.TIbKO HeO.'1HTlIl1eCKlIe Morll.'1bHIIKH II C1'OHHKH,
HO II CJIe.n.bI naJIeO'IHTII1:IeCKIIX noceleHHii (<<l1e-
peCeJIeHl1eCKHH nYHKT»).
Ho HIILKe HpKY1'CKa, 3a Bepxo.TIeHCKOM ropoM
11 YIIIKaHKOM, npaBbIH 6eper Bn.'101'b ;:r.o YC1'bH
p. Be.JoM BHOBb 06pbIBliCT II HenpHBeT.1IIB, a .TIe-
BbIH - HII3MeHHhIH, C IIIlIpOKOH 3a60JIo1J:eHHOfl
nOM:\-IOM. 11 3JJ,eCb, KaK MbI BII;1.HM, n01:lTII HeT
MOrHJIbHIIKOB.
feOl\mpcpOJIOrll1:leCKHe YCJIOBHH )lecTHOCTH
y .n.ep. IToHoMapeBO, Ha060pOT, BO MHorOM Hano-
MHHalOT OKpeC1'HOC1'II 11pKYTCKa. 3JI.eCb B AHrapy
Brra.n.aeT p. neJIaH, O.lI.HH 113 ee Ba}KHeHIIIIIX npll-
TOKOB; npaBbIM KopeHHOM 6eper npll06pe1'aeT 60-
.nee :\ISIrKlie oqepTaHIiH II OTKpblT CO.'1HUY. XapaK-
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OHa - IIlHpOKoe pacnpOCTpaHeHlIe 113BeC1'HSIKOB H
06H.iIHe npope3alOlIl.IIX IIX MaCCIIBbl He60.iIbIIIHX
na;:r.eH H paCna)I.KoB. 1 He MeHee cymec1'BeHHO
Ha.ll1tme MOIIl.HbIX r.TIHHIICTbIX nOKpoBoB Ha
Teppacax B YCTbHX na;:r.eM, nplI1:IeI\I caMM
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pOIllO. YC1'be p. H.lI.bI (y KaMeHKII), noc.TIe 001-10-
ltapeBa SIB.TIHe1'CH KaK 6bI BTOpbIM LleHrpOl\i
3TOM 06IlllIpHOM 30HbI. XapaKTepHO, tITO 11
P, OKpeCTHOCTHX fIOHOMapeBO OKOO YC1'bH 5eJIOH
If Ha 11.lI.e CHOBa OTHOCHTe.'1bHO rYCTO pacnpo-
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i!.ep. HII}KHe-Cepe.IJ.KHHO - KpaHHero CHI13Y
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MHoro HOBbIX norpe6eHHH.

66
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67
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He 6bIJIII CnJIOlilb npllKpbITbI )I.epHOM.
3a 200-300 JIeT PYCCKOH KO.TJOHII3all.1I11 He
MOrJIO npOH30MTII TaKoro pe3Koro 113MeHeHHR
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6afIKa.1bH, f.'la3KOBCKHM, KaK YLKe OTMeqaJIOCb
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LI.Ba H3 no.rr.o6HbIX l\IaJIbIX K.la.a6HIIl, H .n.aJIH
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1RlIeCKHX Belll.eii BMeCTe C nO.il.e.'lKaMH H3 6enoro
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rpe6eHHH 113 MorlI.TIbHIIKa y KaMeHHoM ll.epKBII
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JIItTa, crp. 37.

68
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69
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74
tJACTb 1. HCTOPH.H HCC.nE;:tOBAHHR H XPOHOJIOrliH nAMHTHIiROB
r!IABA II. R.iIACCHHRAlI.HH Ii OTHOCHTE.iIbHAH XPOHO.10rHH nAMHTHHROB HEOJIIiT
i5
6paCJleTa:'o'IH, .lI.lfCKaMH II KO."'1, bua:\'iH COnpOBO-
>K:r..aIOI.I.J.IDUi :\leTa.TJ.1H1:IeCKlie BeI.I.J.H, - :\IQ}KHO 3a-
11eTHTb B He).f pH..'!. BeCb:\la XapaKTepHbIX BelI1.eii,
KOTOpbIe B cOBoKynHocTH C ODfe1JeHHbI:MH .rr.aIOT
o6I.I.J.ee npe)J.CTaB.neHHe 0 XapaKTepe IIHBeHTapSI
f.TJa3KOBCKHX nOrpe6eHHH. TmWBbI npe}K.rr.e BCerO
MeTa.!1.;m1:leCKHe BeI.I.J.II.
B IIHBeHTape o.rr.Horo 113 HaH60.Jee 60raTbIX Be-
I.I.J.a:\1H aHrapCKIiX norpe6eHIIll, Hall.lI.eHHOrO B
na,IT,1I JIeHKoBKa, ,n,O.TI}KHbI 6bITb oc060 OTl\Ie-
1:IeHbI, Hanplll\lep, KpO}le YKpaIl1eHIIH B BII.lI.e
KPY}KKOB 113 6e.TJoro He<ppllTa (4 IIlT.) , nep.TJa-
MYTPOBbIX 6YCIIH-KPY}K011KOB, a TaK>Ke 601JeHKO-
BU.rr.HbIX rpY311KoB, c.TIe.rr.YIOI.I.J.He MeTa.TI.TJH1JeCKHe
H3)J.e1I1H: 1) pbI60."'IOBHble KpI01JKH 113 6pOH3bI
...-
ue.TJbIe H B Oo.TJOl\lKaX, 1:IeTblpexrpaHHble B ce1:le-
HHII, cHa6}KeHHbIe Ha OCTPUHX }Ka.Tlbll.aMH H C Ha-
Cl1KaMH" a BepXHHX KOHuax -'llH 3aKpen.l:eHHH
.TIeCbI (.1\QJ\Q 415-98, 99 H .n.p.); 2) .TIIICTOBH..'lHbIll
n.TlOCKIIH HO}K co C.TJerKa OTTHHYTbD-1 l1epeHKOM,
3aKpen.neHHwH B KOJIeHl1aTOH PYKOHTH H3 para
nepneH;(HKYJIHpHO noc.TJeAHeii (]\'9 415-93) ;
3 :\laCCIIBHble n"'1aCTHHKII H3 Me)J.H H.TJH 6POH3bI,
OOJIa.rr.aIOI.I.J.He XOp0Il10 3aT01JeHHbD-1H JIe3BIIHMH,
01:leBH,'I,HO, 1JaCTH 0.1l.Ho.Tle3BHHHbIX HO>KeH.
PbI60.iJOBHble MeTa.TlJIII1JeCKHe KpI01:IKH THna
.T!eHKoBKII BCTpe1JeHbI B TcTb-Y)J.e (norpe6eHII.e
.J\Q 8) H B na.lI.H HOXOH (norpe6eHHe NQ 4). Bo
Bcex Tpex clyqaHX OHII cOnpOBO.>K;r.a.aHcb II 60-
1JeHKOBH;I.HbIMH CTep}KeHbKaMu-rpY3HKaMIi L(JIH
COCTaBHbIX pW60.TJOBHbIX KpI01JKOB, C;Ie.aaHHbIMH
H3 KOCTU H Kal\lHSI. B na.il.1I HOXOH npll KOCTHKe
H3 norpe6eHIIH AQ 4 HaH)I.eHa 6wla TaK.>Ke H KO-
CTHHaH PYKOSITb .lI.H Me)J.Horo HO.>Ka eHKOBCKoro
nma. OB1:IHHHIIKOB HaIl1eJl: B O;I.HOM H3 r.Tla3KOB-
CKf:X norpe6eHIIH (npliIOT CYKa1JeBa, NQ 2) Me..'l-
HbIlI KHHOK B Ko.TleH1:IaTOH PYKOHTH (;VQ 6537-
83 B KOJI..leKlI.HHX I1pKYTcKoro I\IY3e5I).
Il.TlacTHHo1JKa H3 :\1 e..'l II , B BH)J.e HO.>Ka, HaH.lleHa,
KpOJle JIeHKoBKH, B na;I.II HOXOH npH KOCTHKe
113 norpe6eHlUI.NQ 5. 0610MKII leTaJI.TlHl1eCKOH
nJlaCTIIHKII - HO.>Ka 113BeCTHbI 113 norpe6eHH5I
NQ 1, I(lIpnIIIIHblfr capaM, r.rr.e ORB II!\!e:m TOP-
yro.TlbHbIH nonepe4HlIK H, 011eBII;J.HO, COCTaB.ll..lIl
1:IaCTb .lI.By.ae3BIIH]IOro HO}Ka C O,rr.HOH n.10CKOH no-
BepXHOCTblO II npOTIiBono.TlO}KHOH BbITIVKJIOH.
Ilorpe6eHIIH B rra,'I,H: Hoxoii )J.a.TJH H HOBbIe
MeTaJI.TIlIl1eCKlie BeIll.II: Hell3BeCTHbIe 113 HaXO,J,OK
B JIeHKoBKe TOHKHe :\le.!l.HbIe HLTlbI, yn."'10lI1.eHHbIe
C JIIIHHaTIOpHbIM YWKOM. TaKaH }Ke IILla HaH-
lteHa B I1rlIp:\Ie I (.1\'9 1047-6), a C.TJe;r.bI TaKoM
nr.TIbI, BH,JlIMO, MbI IIJleel\.I II Ha HrO."'1bHIIKe I13 PIO-
THHO (norpe6eHIIe .1\"Q 2) B Blue MelI.HOH OKliCH.
B Yo.TIbe HaH..'l.eH 6bI.TI 6pac.aeT H3 6pOH30BOll
TOlCTOH npoBo.TJOKH C HecoMKHYTbIMU KOHua!\llI.
T aKHe }Ke 6pac.TIeTbI HaXOJJ:II.iIIICb H B M:orll.TJbHHKe
EypeTb, naAb CyxaH II npll KOCTSIKe H3
norpe6eHHH NQ 4. EpOH30BbIe 6pac.neTbI oc060ro
THna 6bI.iIlI HaH,aeHbI nplI KOCTHKe 113 norpe6eHIIH
.¥Q 3, B na.!I.H Cyxa51 I. OHH IHle.1U Te }Ke He-
CO:\fKHYTbIe KOHUbI, HO OT.TIH1Ja.TIHCb yn.TJOI.I.J.eH-
HOCTbIO paCIl1HpeHHblx KOHUOB. BpaCJIeTbI H3
lI,fe;:Ui ObIJIIi HaH;r.eHbI TaKLKe M. 11. OB1JHHHHKO-
BbIM. B norpe6eHIUI Jl3 lvle>KoBKH (CM. BbIllle).
B "CTb-T,J.e (norpe6eHlIe J\'Q 3) HaH.QeHa Il.II.TIHH-
.J.p>Il1eCKa51 Tpy601JKa, CBepHYTaH 113 TOHKOll !\Ie,n,-
HOH n."'IaCTIIHKII.
TaKOB :MeTa.TI.TIH1JeCKIIH HHBeHTapb r.Tla3KOBCKHX
norpe6eHHM no HaXO.LI.Kal\l B JIeHKoBKe H .rr.pyrnx
pO..'lCTBeHHbIx .JeHKOBCKOMY norpe6eHIIHX.
KaleHHbIlI HHBeHTapb .1E'HKOBCKoro norpe6eHHH
COCTaB.'lHIOT, npe>K..'Xe Bcero He60.TlbIIllIe Kpe\me-
BbIe «HaKOHe1:lHIIKH», B TOM 1:Iuc.TIe HeCKO.TlbKO He-
3aKOH1:IeHHbIX 06pa60TKOll. OHIi 06la.rr.aIOT xa-
paKTepHbI!\1H oc06eHHocTH:\IH <pOpl\lbI. Bce OHH
mH.rr.a.;]eBH.QHbIe, 011eHb IIlHpOlme - «nY3aTbIe» C
pe3Ko BbIpa}KeHHOH aCHJIMeTpIIeH KpaeB. O;J.IIH Ji3
HUX 60lee BbmYK.'lbIH, 1Je1 )J.pyroit 3TO, no Bcell
Bep05ITHOCTH, HO}KH. AHa.TIOfU1:IHble II JIll 011eHb
, .
0.TJH3KlIe K HH1 II3,],e.TIIiH 113 Kpe:\IHH HaH,],eHbl H
B .n.pyrHx norpe6eHHHX (AHOCOBO, NQ 2; VIIlblrVH
I, NQ 2; Tco.3be, .NQ I; EypeTb III, NQ 1, II ;f.I).)
B }:LBYX ClY1:laHX Ji3 YKa3aHHbIX - C )IeTa.TI.TlO)L
I(pOJle 3THX 'H3)J.e.TIIIH, B JIeHKoBKe HaH.il.eH H
, u u
ooee KpynHbIH .'lHCTOBIIJ1,HbIH C yce1:leHHoH 6a30H
HaKOHe1JHK KonbH, a MO}KeT 6bITb, II HO}K, e.rUiH-
CTBeHH1I B rJIa3KOBCKHX norpe6eHIIHx no cBoeH
BeJ1HqHHe.
Kpe:\fHeBbIe HaKOHe1JHHKH cTpe.TI J1eHKoBKII npE-
Ha.;le}KaT K c."'1e.rr.YIOI.I.J.uM THna!\l: a) B BII.lI.e paB-
Hooe.rr.peHHoro TpeyrO'lbHHKa C npHJlbIM OCHOBa-
HneM; TaKlie Hai'I.lI.eHbI B YCTb-Y.lI.e, NQ 6 (25 IIlT.);
B Ilo,rroCTpO.>KHO:\.I, J\'Q 5a (1 3K3.); B Ilo;I:oCTpOLK-
HOM, NQ 56 (30 Il1T.); B YCTb-T.lI.e, J\'Q 3a (8 IUT.);
B YCTb-Y.rr.e, NQ 36 (2 Il1T.); B YCTb-Y.lI.e, NQ 8
(2 IIl.); B na,r:UI HOXOH, norpe6eHIie NQ 10 II
B .n.pyrEx norpe6eHHHx .!I.aHHoH rpynnbI; 6) B
BHAe paBH06e..'I.peHHOro TpeyrobHIIKa C IIlHpO-
KHM, C.'lerKa BorHYTbIM OCHOBaHHe:\.J; B) cBoe06-
pa3Hble HaKOeqHHKII, ;J..TIIIHHble n Y3KHe, C nepe-
XBaTO1 no OOOlHI KpamI y oCHoBaHHH, T. e. C
BorHYTbIMH .lI..1IIHHbII\IH CTopoHaMH; TaKlie 113-
BeCTHbI H3 pH,J.a norpe6eHIIH; r) HaKOHel1HIIKH
Y3KHe H ,a.TIIIHHbIe C npHMbI)-1 OCHOBaHHe)L
I13BecTHW BO MHorlIX MorHax H npOKonKH
· :\IaCCHBHble, pO:\161I11eCKHe B Ce1:leHHII, Il1TbIKOBII,J.-
HbIe. OHH H3BeCTHbI, KpOMe JIeHKoBKH, TaKLKe 113
EypeTII (nalI.b CyxaH I, norpe6eHHe Q 4),
I1oHOl\IapeBO, XQ 6; Ilo.rr.ocTpo}KHoe, NQ 5a; "Ho-
XOH", XQ 4 (1029-29) - B 2 c.TIY1:laHx C :\leT3.'l.TJO!\1.
B HHBeHTape eHKOBCKoro norpe6eHIIH eCTb rap-
nYHbI KOSTHHbIe, L(lHHHble H :\laCCIIBHbIe, ..'I.BYCTO-
pOHHe-3Y01:laTbIe C npH:\lbIMII BbIcTynaI\IH-KpbI.TIbH-
Mil no 60Ka:\1 CY.>KeHHOrO OCHOBaHIiH. VIHTepeCHO,
1:ITO OHH HaH)I.eHbI napOH, C.TIO}KeHHbIe BMeCTe.
B nO.J.06HOI\I C01JeTaHHH TaKlIe }Ke rapnVHbI H3XO-
t{H.TIIiCb B norpe6eHnII J\Q 4 B nain HOXOH
(1029) II B EypeTII (na)J.b Cyxa5I I, norpe6e-
HHe NQ 3) H npn .3TO:\1 BO Bcex c..1Yl1a5IX C :\IeTa'l-
.TIO:\L He MeHee xapaKTepHbI MaJIeHbKHe rapnYHbI
(415-4,415-5), HaH)J.eHHbIe B 1:IIIc.'1e n:BYX Ii 06.'1a-
1.J.aIOI.I.J.He O,J,HHM IIII .lI.BY:\IH 3y6ua:\IH, MaCCHBHbIe,
C BbmYK.TJoM cpe)J.HeH 1JaCTblO H CH.TIbHO CY}KeHHbIi\1
OCHOBaHHe:\-f. Tmme}Ke raprrvHbI HaH;J.eHbI B na;r.H
HOXOH npll KOCTHKe H3  norpe6eHIIH Q 4,
. B 1:IIIC.Tle 1JeTbIpex, B BypeTH II I (5 IIlT.). BecbMa
HHTepeceH B THnO10nIl1eCKOM OTHOIl1eHHH TaK>Ke
KOCT5IHOH HaKOHe1JHHK CTpe.TIbI H3 J1eHKoBKII, Ha-
KOHel1HHK 3TOT MHH.rr.aneBH.llHoro Ce1JeHHH y
...
OCTpIIH, C ..'I.BYCTopoHHe yrr.TIOI.I.J.eHHOH cpe3aMIi H
cYLKeHHoM 6a30H. TaKHe HaKOHe1JHHKH H3BeCTHbI,
HanpHMep, 1I3 AHocoBa, .NQ 1; Ii3 YCTb-Yrr,bI,
norpe6eH1ie J\'Q 9, lllHBepa, NQ 8; EypeTH III,
;N'Q 1. .
Ilepe1:lllc.leHHbIH rla3KoBcKUH IfHBeHTapb no-
no.TIHHeTCH H Haxo,n,KaI\IIl B na;I1I HOXOll 113
l(BYX norpe6eHlIJI, HeCO:\lHeHHO, O;I:HOBpeIeHHbI
.J.pyr ,rr.pyry. TaKOBbI ;iJ.:IHHHbIe KOCT5IHb!e CTep)KHII
C OTBepCTHHMII, B KOTopble 6bI.iIH BCTaB.leHbI KPH-
Bble KOCTSIHbIe OCTpHH. H3 norpe6eHIIH NQ 4. BeIll.H
3TH (KO.TI.TJ. 1029), 01:leBH,!lHO, C.Y}KH.iIII KpI01Ja:\lH
J..1H TJOBl11 011eHb KpynHoM pbI6bI. OHB eCTb TaK-
>Ke B BypeTH III, NQ I. OCTpUH ..'I..TIH TaKHX Kp101:I-
KOB H3BeCTHbI H II3 lIpyrHx norpe6eHHH (Ha-
npliMep IloHoMapeBa, NQ 3, 1I3 .TleHKoBKu).
B norpe6eHHH HOXOH, ]\"Q 4, 06HapY.>KeH II
Ot.IeHb xapaKTepHbIH no £pop:\ie, 1JaCTO nOBTOp5IIO-
I.I.J.IIHCH B ..'I.pyrHx pO.lI.CTBeHHbIx HaXO.!I.KaX, KpeMHe-
BbIH cKpe601:leK. OH HMeeT BbmYKJIOe, napa60JIo-
H.rr.Hoe H BbITHHYToe B O..'I.HY CTOPOH'f, JIe3BHe
(1029-35).
B .lI.pyroM norpe6eHHII 1I3 na)J,H Hoxoii TO>Ke
C MeTa.nJIOM (nr.Tla) BCTpe1:leH cHM:\leTpH1JHO-K.'IH-
HOBlI.rr.HbIH:, .l.I.BYCTopoHHe- BbmYKJIbIH, Tonop 113
He<PPIiTa. TaKOH >Ke .lI.BYCTopOHHe-BbmYKJIbIH TO-
nop HaM.J.eH B rCTb-llOJrOH (norpe6eHHe J\!'9 3,
NQ 441-2), B nami CBHTaH (norpe6eHue NQ 1,
X2 436-2, BTopoe KpynHoe 0pY;:J,lIe H3 na.QH CB5I-
TaSI no cpopMe 6HLKe K TeCJIY), B IloHo!\lapeBo,
.NQ 3.
BMecTe C TonopO:\1 B 3TOM norpe6eHHH 113 nallH
HOXOM HaH)I.eH KOCTHHOH. n.TIOCKHM H ;I.JIIIHHbIH,
KHH.>Ka.TJ C eCTeCTBeHHbIM OTBepCTHeI Ha PYK05ITII.
COBepIl1eHHO aHaJIOrH1JHOe opy.rr.lIe, KaK OTMel1a-
.:IOCb BbIIl1e, 1I3BeCTHO II H3 Y CO.TIbH (HaML(eHO
BMeCTe C 6pOH30BbIM 6pac.'leTOI). IlOBH..:rHMOJI\
TaKoe }Ke opY;I.He HalIle. BMeCTe C :\IeTa1lII1:Ie-
CKH:\I 6pac.iIeTO).J H M. 11. OBqllHHIIKOB B Me-
)KOBKe. Oc06eHHO 1060nbITeH KOCTHHOll IIro.nb-
u ". t..
BIlK, CXO}KHH'C «TpYo1:laTon KOCTbIO K03bI», Han-
1eHHOH OB1:IIlHHHKOBbIM B r.'la3KOBO, 1I C nrOJIbHIl-
KaMIi H3 Pyrllx aHrapCKHX norpe6eHlIH (HanpH-
Mep BypeTb, na.il.b CyxaH II, NQ 4).
113Y1JaH IIHBeHTapb OCTalbHbIX norpe6eHIIH,
:\IO>KHO n03ToMY BbI)J.emHb elUe pH;1 TaKlIX, B KO-
TOpbIX He BCTpe1:leHO MeTal.a, 6yc H3 nep:ra-
:\IYTpa, HecppHToBbIX llJIH MpaJlOpHbIX KPY}KKOB,
HO IIIeIOTCH II HeKoTopbIe .:Ipynie 3.'leMeHTbI, CBH-
3bIBaIOI.I.J.lle nx C c06cTBeHHo r.TJa3KOBCKII:\IH BelI1.e-
BbDHI KOMn.TIeKca)IH, HanpHMep Tllnlll1HbIe KOCTH-
HbIe H Ka!\leHHbIe HaKOHel1HlIKH cTpe.TI, UH.lI1H.!lPIl-
lIeCKue 6YCIIHKH H3 pbIX."'10H 6eJIOH MaCCbI (<<na-
CTbI» L BCTpe1JalOI.I.J.HeC5I oB:\lecTHo C xapaKTep-
Hbn.m'- r.TIa3KOBCKHMH npe..'I.:\leTaMII.1 COl1eTaHBH
.. ,
3TJlX BeI.I.J.el! MorYT ObITb, KOHe1JHO, BeCbMa pa3Ho-
1 B n o rpe6eHHH 5ypeTb I «naCTOBbIe» 6VCbI STore THna
BCTpe'IeHbI BMeCTe co CJIe.!1.aMH MeTa.'Ivla B BH;te OKHCH
M:eJ{H. -
10*
06pa3HbIm, HO BO BCex c.'lYl1mIX OHli nO,IT.,Kpen-
.'l5fIOT 06I.I.J.YIO «nmo.10rUl1eCKYIO HOp:\fY» r.1a3KOB-
CKoro Ko:\'m.TJeKCa l\IOrU.l:bHbIX naMHTHHKOB, KOTO-
paH YCTaHaB.TIHBaeTCH Hau60.'lee HpKHMH Ii 60ra-
TbI:\IH HaXO.1KaMH - «3Ta.;1OHa:\m».
DpHHa..'lJIe>KHOCTb Bcex 3TUX norpe6eHIIH K Ok
ROM)' BpeMeHII YCTaHaB.TIIIBaeTCH, KCTaTII, n Tono-
rpa£pHl1eCKOii CBSI3blO HX C THnlll1HO r.TIa3KOBCKlnm
MorH.TIaJIH B O..'I.HUX Ii Tex )Ke K.TJa.J.6HI.I.J.ax.
OCHOBHOH Bonpoc K.laCCH<pUKaUHU - 0 CYI.I.J.e-
CTBOBaHHII OC060H rna3KOBCKOH HU 3HeOIITII1Je-
 '
CKOU rpynnbI na:\IHTHHKOB, - TaKInl oopa30:\f,
pernaeTCH B nO.'lO}KIITe.TJbHO:\1 nlbITIe. . r.1a3KOB-
CKHH Tun norpe6eHJlH, KaK TaKOBOH, no cBoeMY
mmeHTapIO B nO.TII:I0ii Mepe 06.TJa.n.aeT peaJIb-
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Ke>Ke\IKa . . . 2 CB 
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2 CB 3
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MeHb _ . . . 1 6 CB J AHrapa Ha C3
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C (CB?) I
C (CB?) t
C (CB1) I
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Ta6J1Hu,a 4
HanpaBneHue
peKH
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,
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BCB. nOTOM
ua C3
,
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AHrapa Ha 3C3.
KHTOii Ha CBC
CB (npoToKa)
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rJIa3KOBO y npH-
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Y COJIbe . . .. I
0:
qs nOHOMapeBO I
. I
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CyxaH . . .
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:5 5ypeTb II, na)l.b {
CyxaH . . .
:::
t:: BepxHHH 5ypeTb i
CI:I J1eHKoBK3. .. I
Y CTb-llo.lra H .
::c: na;J.b CBHTaH
t.,; MaxoHbKuHa
= na)l.b....
c CeMeHoBo {
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(I) l1U. bIr YH . . . . I
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, nO;I.OCTp0}KHOe
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paA ....
tJACTb J. HCTOPlUI HCCJIEJJ;OBAHlliI 11 XPOHO.,'IOPHR nAIVIRTHIiROB
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.
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Te peKH) ......
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2 C I
,
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4 cae
5 cac
6 I CBC
C3C
1 I (K.:f8.lKa) :
HMe KOCTHKOB Ha lOr H Ha IOrO-BOCTOK B CJ1Y1:la51x
"
COBna,QeHH.H HX opHeHTHpOBKJI C peROH H8nOMH-
HaeT 0 COBeplIleHHO CXO.lI.HOll opHeHTHpOBKe PY-
rHX norpe6eHufi, He Haxo;I.HII.J.eMcH B CBH31I C Ha-
npaBJIeHlIeM peKM..
npe06JIa.u.aIOII.J.aSl }Ke oplleHTllpoBKa Ha BOCTOK
BMeCTe C ee BapHaHTaMIi (ceBepo-BocTOK, IOro-
BOCTOK) MO}KeT paccMaTpHBaTbcH KaK opHeHTH-
pOBKa no COJIHll.Y.
KOJIe6aHHH opHeHTHpoBKH norpe6eHHH OT
OCHOBHOfO, T. e. BOCT01JHOfO H ceBepo-BOCT01J- .
Horo HanpaBJIeHHH K n0601JHbIM (HanpHMep
K IOro-BocTOKY), .lI.OJI}KHO 6bITb, HaXOJJ,HTCH B
CBH3H C BpeMeHeM 3axopoHeHHH, T. e. C ce-
30HHbam H3MeHeHHHMH MeCTa COJIHll.eBCXO.lI.a.
OplleHTlIpoBKa H8 IOf H no aHTHTe3e - Ha ceBep
SlBJIHeTCH, 01JeBH.LI.HO, TO}Ke opHeHTllpoBKOii no
COJlHUY.
rnABA II. RnACCHIIRAIIR H OTHOCIITEbHAH XPOHonorllR nAMRTHHROB HEonliTA
83
npOJJ.OJDK.CHHe Ta6J1HlI.bI 4
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HbIX CBbIwe copoKa nHTII KOCTHKOB KHTOMcKoro
BpeMeHu.
B BH;I:e BapliaHToB OCHOBHOH :\W}KHO paccM3-
TpHBaTb opHeHTHpoBKY Ha ceBep II BOCTOK. AHTII-
Te30H ceBepHoM CJIY}KIIT oplleHTlIpoBKa Ha lOr.
npu 3TOM He3aBliCHMO OT HanpaB..leHHH peKIi
pacnOJIaralOTCH KOCTHKH Ha lI.IIKJIo.rr.poMe (8) II,
IIOBII;I.IIMOMY, 1I3 Pacrrynmo (2 KocTSIKa). no
peKe .'Ie}Ka..l 1 I\OCTHK (CepoBo, .N'! 4), oplIeHTH-
pOBaHHbIll Ha IOr, T. e. TaK }Ke, KaK H HeKOTO-
pble 1I3 IJ:IIK.no.rr.poMoBCKIIX KOCTHKOB, .TJe}KaBWIIX
He no peKe. norpe6eHIIH KUTOMCKoro fOrH.lb-
HIIKa OplleHTllpOBaHbI n01JTII nonepeK AHrapbI,
Ha 6epery KOTOpOH ceMl1ac Haxo.n.HTCH KHTOM-
CKIIM Morll.TIbHIIK. B03MO}KHO, 1JTO B r.rIy60KOM
0'
npOllJ.TIOM 3TH norpeoeHIIH nOlell.J.a.TJHCb Ha
OCTpOBe B6.11I-I3H ca:\lOro YCTbH KHTOH, IIMelOm.ero
YKJlOH K ceBepO-BOCTOKY, XOT5I He CTOJIb CTporo
BbIp, a.>KeHHbIM KaK Y norpe6eHIIM, Te:\I He l\IeHee
11 TOr.lI.a OHH nOMeII.J.8JIHCb He Ha 6epery p. KII-
TOH, a Ha aHrapCKoii npOToxe.
B3BewHBa51 HaJIIIl1HbIe ,:J.aHHble, CJIe.u.yeT npe)J,-
nOJIaraTb KaK .lI.JIH IIcaKOBCKIiX H cepOBCKIIX, TaK
H .lI.J1H KHTOMCKIIX norpe6eHHM oplIeHTHpoBKY no
CO.. 1H l.J.Y KaK HopMaJlbHYIO. TaKOH BbIBO;I 06
opHeHTHpoBKe HcaKoBcKIIX, cepOBCKIIX II KUTOH-
CKIIX KOCT5IKOB CTaHOBHTCH no KOHTpacTY eIIle
60.TJee onpe)J,e;::reHHbnl, eC.TJII o6paTIITbcH 3a cpaB-
HeHIIHMH K naMHTHIiKaM r.TJa3KOBCKOII rpynnbI.
1-13 qllc.TIa OTMel1eHHbIX B 06rn;eH CBO)J,Ke T.1Ia3-
hOBCKHX II 6.11I3KIIX K HIIM IIlIIBepCKIIX norpe6e-
HIIM 24 oplleHTHpoBaHbI Ha ceBepO-3ana!I., 14-
Ha ceBep,  - Ha ceBepo-BocTOK, 2 - Ha IOro-
BOCTOK, 6 - Ha 3ana.!!: H 1 - Ha firO-3ana,rr.. I
KaK. BH.lI.HO H3 npliBe;:J.eHHbIX CBe.il.eHIIH, KO.TIII-
qeCTBeHHO npe06J1a.rr.aIOT norpe6eHIIH, r.rr.e KO-
CTSIKH pacnOJIO}KeHbI rOJIOBO:H Ha ceBepo-3ana.rr. II
Ha ceBep, 3aTe11 Ha ceBepo-BocTOK. 3TUM r.lla3-
,..
KOBCKlie norpeOeHII5I pe3Ko B.lI.eJl5lIOTCH H3 Bcex
OCTa.TIbHbIX aHrapcKlix norpe6eHIIH. 3aTeM ,n:OCTa-
TOl1HO B3r..1HHYTb Ha KapTY AHrapbI, 1JT06bI y6e-
"
,UIITbCH B nOJIHO:\1 COBna,rr.eHHH OTMel1eHHOH
oplIeHTHpOBKII rJIa3KOBCKHX norpe6eHIIH C 06II.J.IIM
HanpaB.TJeHHeM AHrapcKoH )J,O.iIHHbI Me.>KAlY BaH-
Ka.TIOM H BpaTcKoM. AHrapa CTpel\-IHTCSI B OCHOB-
HO1 B)J,O.1Jb MepH,nH8H8, Ha ceBep, HO C YK..l0HO)f
K 3ana.lI.Y. TaM, r.rr.e AHrapa nOBOpal1llBaeT
npHlo Ha 3ana.n. (BypeTb, l\tlal\IbIpb-BpaTcK),
...
rJIa3KOBCKIIe norpeoeHIIH paCnO.ilaraIOTCH COOT-
BeTCTBeHHbIM 06pa30M ij.!l.O.TIb peKII. OHII nOBTO-
pHIOT B. CBoeH oplleHTlIpOBKe )I.a}Ke H Bce .TIerKlle
OTKJIOHeHIIH Pyc.TJa AHrapbI K ceBepO-BOCTOKY
(nO.lI.OCTpO}KHOe, 11rllpMa). KOf.i:la LKe peKa lI.lI.eT
Ha ceBep, r..183KOBCKlle KOCTRKll TOlKe o6pam.eHbI
rO.1JOBO:H npHMO K ceBepy (EBceeBo, CeMeHoBo).
CooTBeTcTBHe c peKOH B oplIeHTlIpoBKe KOCTH-
KOB Haxo,.':(IIT BbIpa}KeHlIe TaK}Ke B cpopMe aHTH-
Te3bI, T. e. B pacno..l0}KeHHH KOCTHKOB rOJIOBOH
He BHII3, a BBepx no peKe.. B norpe6eHlm na,LLb
OTMeqeHHe cnyqall COBna.rr.eHHH oplIeHTH-
pOBKH KOCT.HKOB C peKoH, CY,LLH no 3TOMY, He
HMeIOT caMOCTOHTeJIbHOro 3Ha1:leHSl, TaK KaK
O.lI.HOBpeMeHHO npeJJ,CTaB.TIHIOT npIIMepbI oplIeHTII-
pOBKH no COJIHUY, a MHoro .lI.pyrHx KOCTHKOB 113
norpe6eHHM 3TOH rpynnbI pacnOJIO}KeHO He
TOJIbKO He3aBIICIIMO, HO II npHMO nonepeK peKIi.
3Ha1:lHT, HanpaBJIeHlIe peKH, KaK. npaBIIJlO, He
MOrJIO 3.n.eCb IIMeTb 3Ha1JeHHe.
K opHeHTlIpOBKe IIC8KOBCKHX H cepOBCKIiX no-
rpe6eHHH 6JIII3Ka opHeHTHpOBKa KHTOMCKHX.
Ha IOr oplleHTIIpoBaHo 5 KOCTHKOB, Ha
ceBep - 6, Ha BOCTOK-7, Ha 3ana.n. - 2; no
npOMe}KYT01:lHbI!I'1 pYM6aM opHeHTHpoBaHo: Ha ce-
Bepo-BocTOK - 19, Ha ceBepo-3anaA - 3; Ha IOro-
BOCTOK - 1, Ha IOrO-3ana.lI. - 5 KOCTHKOB. TIpe-
06JIa.lI.aer, TaKHM 06pa30M, ceBepO-BOCTOqHaH
opHeHTHpoBKa H ee aHTHTe3a - lOrO-3an8,QH8H,
HarrpaB;.eHHe
peKH
C
C3C
Ha C c YK.l0HOM
K 3, norpe-
6eHHH pacno
JIO}f.{eHbI no
KpalO Tep
pacbI
C3C !
I
,
C I
!
C ,
lOB I
CCB !
C3 I
CB (Ha- I
pymeHo) I
C3C :
C3C
I
C3C !
C I
C3 I
C3C I
C3C
C3C
C3C
C3 (H8- I
p)'meHo) I
C
CB
3
C3
C
C
C3
CB
C3C
C3C
C3C
CB
3
AHrapa Ha C3,
OKa Ha C
I OpHeHTHpOBKa 9HeO.'1HTHQeCKHX KOCTHKOB COOTBeT-
CTBemlO HanpaB.'IeHlHO peKli BnepBble OTMeqeHa B 1927 r.
ll*
Cyxa5I I, NQ 3, KOCTHK 6bIJI opHeHTllpoBaH ro-
.TJOBOM Ha IOrO-3ana.n.-lOr, Tor.n.a KaK peKa H.n.eT Ha
ceBepo-3ana.n.-ceBep (a .n.a..lee ew.e 60JIee KPYTO
K 3ana.lI.Y). B IllllBepe KOCTHK H3 norpe6eHII5I
XQ 1 JIe.>KaJI ro.'10BOM TO}Ke Ha IOrO-BOCTOK
,
a peKa HanpaB.iISIeTCH 3.lI.eCb Ha ceBepO-3ana.lI..
KOCTHK 113 norpe6eHIIH, HaHJ:(eHHoro 38 OOMH.HMII
B YCOJIbe, 6bI.l 06paI.l!,eH rOJIOBOH, nOBH.il.IIMOMY,
Ha IOfO-3ana,LL, TOr;I.a KaK peKa Te1leT 3eCb
B OCHOBHOI\I Ha ceBepO-BOCTOK.
.lI.peBHHe MorHoilbI rJIa3KOBCKoro THna pacno-
.TIaraJIHCb no BII;:I,IIMOH JIHHHII 6epera, 06bI1:IHO no
...
KOHTYPY oepera B TOM MeCTe, r.lI.e OHH JIe}KaT.
B C8H3II C 3TI1M, B na.n.H HOXOM OHI1, HanplI-
Mep, pacnO.laraIOTCH COOTBeTcTBeHHO 01Jepr a -
HHH1\.1 n.OII.J.a.lI.KII BblCOKOll TeppaCbI }lOrIiJIb-
BIIKa - Ha ceBep, HO C .TIerKHM YKJIOHO:\1 K 3a-
na;:I,Y, peKa me HanpaB.TIHeTCH B 06w.eM Ha ceBep.
OT 3Toro npH:\laH CBH3b oplIeHTHpOBKII norpe6e-
HIIM C HanpaB.'IeHlleM peKH He YTpa1JHBaeT, KO-
HeqHO, cBoeM 3aKoH011epHocTH II He MO:>KeT 6bITb
nO.il.BeprHYTa COMHeHHlO.l
B MOrllJIbHIiaX, f)J,e BCTpe1:laIOTCH He TOJIbKO
r.1Ja3KOBCKlIe, HO H ,rr.pyrne OTJIlll1Hble 01' HHX, 60-
.iIee ApeBHIIe, norpe6eHHH, nOCTOHHHO obIBaeT
BH.n.Ha pe3KO pa3.lI.e.TIHIOII.J.aH IIX Ha .n.Be rpynnbl
OpUeHTIlpOBKa. B TIolIoMapeBcKo:\{ MOrllJIbHIIKe
2 TlInUl1HO cepoBcKIiX norpe6eHIIH C JIYKaMH
...
ObIJIH oplIeHTlipoBaHbl npHMo nonepeK peKH, Ha
ceBep; rJIa3KOBCKne JKe Morll.:J:bI pacnoJlara..1l1cb
B OCHOBHO)1 no peKe, H8 ceBepO-38rraJI, H Ha
3ana.il..
B paHOHe p. 11.lI.bI, r.lI.e AHrapa Te1leT Ha ceBep,
c .'lerKII:\1 YK.iIOHO:\! K BOCTORY, norpe6eHHH ce-
pOBCKoro Tllna pacnOJIaraHCb llJIII nonepeK peKII
(rOpO.lI.Ilw.e, .NQ 1), 11.:1:11 HaliCKOCb no OTHOWemIJO
K HeM. LTIa3KOBCKlie Morll.TIbI 6bI.1H 3ecb, Ha06o-
pOT, oplleHTlipOBaHbI CTporo nap8JI.lleJIbHO peKe.
BeCKHM CBHlJ,eTeJIbCTBOM B rrOJIb3Y npe.n:nOJIO-
}KeHHH 0 «pel1HOI1:» oplleHTllpOBKe r..'Ia3KOBCKIiX
II pOJl.CTBeHHbIX HM norpe6eHIIM HBoI1HeTCH CBoe-
06pa3HaH cpopMa HeKOTopblX :\lOrll..lbHbIX COopY-
.>KeHJ.fM 113 KaMHH, HanOMIIHalOw.HX JIO.LI.KY. B IIlII-
Bepe 6bwa .n.a}Ke HaM.lI.eHa, KaK MbI BH.n.eJIII, Ka-
1eHHaH KJla)I.Ka, ll.eJIIiKOM BocnpOH3BO.il.SlIIlaH no
4'opMe II no pa3:\lepy 6epeCTHHYIO JIO.lI.KY, OMO-
POllKY. 3TH cpaKTbI opocaIOT CBeT H8 CMbICJI
...
norpeOaJIbHOrO pHTya.'la H, TeM caMbIM, n03BO-
JIHIOT npll6JIII311TbCH K nOHHMaHIIIO BHYTpeHHeH
3aKOHOMepHOCTII, .iIe}Kaw.ell B OCHOBe Ha6.TJIO)I.ae-
Moro COOTHOWeHIIH cpaKTOB.
Ha JIeHe (A. TI. 0 K.'1 a iI. H H K 0 B. HeoJ"IHTHqeCKHff MO-
rH."IbHHK B leCTHOCTH Xal1CaraH, CTp. 125-126).
J J1.0.'CJKHO 6hITb oco60 OTMeqeHO nO.'10>KeHHe KOCTHKa
H3 rrorpe6eHHH X!1 2 B .u.ep. AHOCOBO, rn:e peKa HanpaB-
.'HieTCH H8 ceBepO-3ana,.'I" a TO Bpe"IH KaK KOCTHK 6hIJI
opHeHTupoBaH Ha ceBep. Ho 3TO HCK."IIO"tIeHHe He YCTpa-
HEeT o6meii 3aKoHo:\IepHOCTH H Haxo.u.HTcSI, OqeBHn:Ho,
B CBSl3H C oco6eHHocTHMH .naHHoro norpe6eHHSI, TaK K8K
B HeM MO>KHO BH.J.eTb O.u.HH H3 HaH60."Iee .ltpeBHHX rraMflT-
HP.KOB B Kpyry .OCTa.lIbHblX po.nCTBeHHbIX eMY r.'1a3KOBCKHX
HaXOl{OK. B"lecTe C TeM 31'0 norpe6eHHe BbI.ne.nHeTCSI oco-
6bI:\I KOMn_"IeKCOM Bemen, YK8.3NBaIOII.{HM, qro B HeM 6bLJl
rrorpe6eH He PRllOBOH qJIeH po.na, a CKopee Bcero maMaH-

84
"lACTb I. lICTOPHR HCC.ITE.;10BAHHR II X?OHO:IOflUI nAMRTHliHOB
rw"IABA II. R..TIACCHcI>HHAIlJlR II OTHOCIITE."IbHAR XPOHOJIOrHH nAMHTHIU\OB HEO.TJUTA
85
PYKOBOJ{HIIl.lle npH3HaKH rJIa3KOBCKOM H lIlII-
BepCKOH rpynn c.TJ:eAyeT, TaKII1 06pa30:\1, .il.OnOJI-
HHTb CTOJIb cBoe06pa3HOH II xapaKTepHoM l1epTOH
nOXOpOHHOrO pHTyana, KaK YCTOHqHBO nOBTOp5IlO-
IIl.a5IC5I opHeHTHpOBKa no peKe.
I1caKoBcKaH, cepOBCKa5I II KHToikKaH rpynnbI,
B npOTHBOnOJIO>KHOCTb r"Ia3KOBCKOM, .lI.OJDKHbI
xapaKTepH30BaTbCH opHeHTllpOBKOM no CTpaHa1
CBeTa, T. e. no COJIHll.Y, rlaBHbI1 06pa30M, COwTJH-
UeBCXO.lI.Y.
B CBH3J1 C BonpocoM 06 oplIeHTllpoBKe CJIe.nyeT
ynoMHHYTb II HeKoTopble JIpyrHe oco6eHHocTH Ha-
Me1:leHHbIX rpynn norpe6eHHM B 06JIaCTH norpe-
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(Xa6caraH), Ce.,'IeHre (<1>ocpaHOBO) 11 AHrape
(Hoxoti) HrOJlbHIIKH rJIa3KOBCKoro Tllna C COBep-
weHHO cBoe06pa3Hofi ."IIIHeHHOH opHaMeHTall.HeH:
B BH.lI.e llIHpOKIIX nOnepeqHbIX no.TIOC, 06pa30BaH-
HbIX pe3Hbnm mIHIIH!\1H, IIHor.n.a C01JeTaIOIUIIMHC.SI
C npO;I:OJIbHbnm Ha pe3KaMIi.
He MeHe onpe.n.eeHHaH CB.SI3b KIITOHCKHX no-
, u
rpeoeHIIII, KaK TaKOBbIX, C r.1Ja3KOBCKIiMIi CKa3bI-
BaeTCH H B HeKoTopNX qepTaX norpe6abHoro
plnya.na, 6pOC3I01li.HX CBeT Ha X03.SIllCTBO H co-
UlIaJIbHbIH: CTpOM.
B KHTOHCKIIX norpe6eHHHx, KaK H B r.,1Ja3KOB-
CKHX, BeII.J.H, COnpOBO}K)I.aBIlIHe nOKoMHHKOB,
1:IaCTO .ile}KaT oc06bnm KY1:IKaJm, KaK 6 «B CYM-
Kax». B cepOBCKIiX }Ke H HcaKOBCKHX MOrliJiaX
BeII.J.H 06bIKHoBeHHo pacceHl:lbI 60JIee II.TIH MeHee
paBHOMepHO BOKpyr CKe.TIeTa.
TIorpe6aJIbHbIM HHBeHTapb cepoBcKoro BpeMeHH
HB.TISIeTCH B OCHOBe OXOTHllqbHM. Ero 06bI1:IHbIH
,.,
Haoop XOpOllIO npe.lI.CTaBJIeH BeII.J.eBbIMH KOJITI.1JeK-
caME «norpe6eHHM C JIYKaMH»: JIYK, HaKOHe1:lHlfH
KonbH H3 KpeMHH, HaKOHe1JHHKII CTpe,,1J, TeCJIO H Co-
CYll, HHor,na B BH.lI.e nOXO;lHOH: «cpJISIrH». L(.TIH KH-
TOMcKHx norpe6eHHH xapaKTepHo, Ha06opoT,
n01:lTH nOCTOSIHHoe HaJIII1:IHe B TaKRX cYMKax-
pbI6o10BHbIX KPlOqKOB H rapnYHoB pa3Horo BH;r:a,
a B HeKoTopbIX cJ1Y1JaHX 3a:\leqaeTCH IIX KO,,1111:1e-
CTBeHHoe npe06.TIa.n.aHHe no cpaBHeHlllO C npo-
tIHMH BeII.J.aMH. HHTepecHo B CBH3H C 3TIII, 1:ITO
B pHLle c.TIY1:laeB caMbIe «60raTbIe» H xapaKTep-
HbIe MY}KCKHe 3axopoHeHIIH r.TJa3KOBCKoro THna
TaK)Ke cOrrpOBO}KAa.TIIiCb HMeHHO pbI60.TIOBHbIM
IIHBeHT3peM - KpIOqKal\lll COCT3BHoro nina, ::\Ie.rr.-
HbIMIi KpI01JKaMH, rapnYH3:\1H H JJ,pyrH:\1H Bem.aMII,
KOTopble Mor.TIH Hl\IeTb nO.!I.C06HOe 3HaqeHHe npH
pbI6oJIOBCTBe (HoxoH, YCTb-Y.na, I3ypeTb I).
3axopoHeHIIH 3HeO.'IIITHl1eCKIiX «pbIoaKoB»
C aHaJIOrHqHbIM HHBeHTape:\I, nOqTH «CTa H.lI. apT-
HbII», H3BeCTHbI II B COCe.llHIIX 06.TIaCTHx: Ha
BepxHeH JIeHe - YJ1YC _ Xa.'IbCKHH, norpeoeHlle
oN!? 1; Bo06ll.J.e }Ke THnlll1HbIe rula3KOBCKHe naM.SIT-
HHIm 3Toro po.rr.a eCTb He TO.TIbKO Ha .TIeHe, HO II
Ha Ce.TIeHre - HeKOTopbIe norpe6eHIIH 113 <1>oqra-
HOBCKoro MorH...1bHHK3. ,
B OT.J.HQHe OT CepOBc.KHX nOrpe6tHi-lll KHTOll-
CKa51 II r.TJ33KOBCKaH rpynnbI 06'be;r:HHfIIOTCSI OT-
HOCIITe.TJbHO 1:IaCTbIMII c.TIyqaHMII HaXO,J,OK OC06bIX
napHbIX 3axopOHe!-mfi C HBHO «corrpOBmK,!I.afO-
[IJ.HUi» KOCT.HKaMIi. JI.JIH HHX xapaKTepHa BO.
OOllie II pe3KaH HepaBHOMepHOCTb B pacnpe,J.ee-
HIIII HHBeHTapH no OTJI.e.lbHbIM MOrH.TJaf B npo-
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(no XpOHOJlOrHI:J:eCKHM rpynn8M). .
J - cocYJt H3 Morn.'IbHHKa EpaTcK8A KaYE>Flb, norp. :.N! 3; 2 - cocYJI H3 norp. 1\2 2, Manaq MaMNpb; 3 - COCYJt 03 norp.  1 (1881 r.) KHTOi\-
CKoro MorRJtbHHKa; 4 - cocY.I1 U3 norp. ;t& J, nepece:leHqeCKHA nyflKT; 5 - COCYJI co CTOHHKB Y.1SH-X8JIa; 6 - cocYJI 1f3 norp. JIe I, lllRB('ps;
MOTBBIII opHaMeHTa: 7, 8-H8 COCYJl8X 83 nOHOMapeBCKoro MOr8JlbflHKa, norp. M 12,16; 9,10-H3 MOrHllbHHKS rOpOJlHWe; ll-co CTOHHKB
YJlSH-XUa (KOJl,l. MA3 AH CCCP 2226-3147); 12 - 83 KHTOHCKOro MOrHJlbHHKa, c60pIII H. 11. BOTKOdCKOro; 13 - B3 norp. 1'i 1 lllBBepcKoro
MOrHJlbHHKa.
5
6

94
lIACTb I. HCTOPlffi HCCOBAHHH H XpOHOnOrHH nAMHTHIiKOB
THBOnOJI01KHOCTb cepOBCKHM norpe6eHIIHM, r)le
B 60JIbmHHCTBe CJIyqaeB Ha60p BemeH npOIl3BO-
JlHT, Ha060pOT, Bne1JaTJIeHHe 60.TIbIIIOrO e.lI.IIHoo6-
pa3HSI no KOJIHqeCTBY H KaqeCTBY BemeH. 1
I1pH TaKOH BceCTopOHHeH 6JIII30CTH KIITOHCKKX
norpe6eHHH K r JIa3KOBCKliM BnOJIHe eCTeCTBeHHO
HaJIHqlIe OT.lI.eJIbHWX norpe6eHHH nepeXOJI,HOrO
06JlHK3, CBSl3aHHbiX O.II.HOBpeMeHHO KaK C KHTOR-
CKHMH, TaK II C r.T1a3KOBCKIIMH naMHTHHKaMII. Ha-
npHMep, B norpe6eHHH AHOCOBO, NQ 2, KpoMe OCT aT-
KOB MeTaJIJIHqeCKHX 1I3.lI.eJIIiH (TOHin-IX 6JIHIIIeK
Ha rOJIOBHOM y60pe) JlHCKa II «6paC.TIeTa» H3
6eJIoro HepIlTa, HaM.lI.eHW .lI.JIIIHHWe Il.IIJIHH.lI.PII-
1:IeCKHe Tpy6011KH H3 nTlIlIbHX KOCTeH, no opMe
COBepll1eHHO CXOJ{.HbIe C TaKHMII }Ke H3)];.eJIHHMH
113 KHTOHCKHX norpe6eHHH, CJIY}KIIBIIIHMH B pSl.lI.e
CJlyqaeB <PYTJIHpaMH JlJISI H.rTI. BMeCTe C TaKHMI1
Tpy601:lKaMli 3.zr.eCb OKa3aJIaCb MOTbIra 113 .pora
.TIOCH, CXO.lI.HaH C porOBblMH H3.zr.eJIIIHMII 3Toro
po.zr.a H3 QHKJIO.lI.pOMa. B 3TOM LKe norpe6eHIlH
HaH.lI.eHO 6bIJIO CKOnJIeHlIe OXpbI. CaM KOCTHK
06JIa.zr.aJI cBoe06pa3HOH oplIeHTllpOBKOH. B TO
BpeMSI KaK coce,nHHM KOCTSIK (AHOCOBO, NQ 1),
TalOKe conpOBmK.lI.aBIIIHMcSI. JlIICKOl\'1 113 6eJIoro
HepllTa H .lI.pyrHMH xapaKTepHbIMH BemaMII,
JIe:>KaJI B.zr.OJIb peKH. rOJIOBOH Ha ceBepO-3anaJI"
KOCTHK H3 norpe6eHHH NQ 2, HaxO.lI.IIBIIlHMCSI
B CKOpqeHHOH n03e, pacnoaraJICH H3IICKOCb no
OTHOIIIeHHIO K peKe, rOJIOBOH npHMO Ha ceBep (no
COJIHll.Y), KaK H B HeKOTopbIX .60JIee paHHHX no-
rpe6eHIi51x.
He MeHee IIHTepeceH H .lI.pyroH, YLKe OTMel1aB-
IIlHHCH, aKT. B 0.lI.HO1 norpe6eHIIII, r)J.e KOCT51K
6bIJI 3aCbmaH OXPOH II cOnpOBO:>KJlaJICH .lI.BYMSI
3acTynaMII H3 vTIOCHHbIX JIOnaTOK, BCTpel1eHbI 6bIJIli
nepJIaMYTpOBble 6YCbI-KpY:>KOqKH, CXO.lI.HbIe
C rJIa3KOBCKliMII (CepoBo, NQ 4). B 1930 r. Ha
TypreHeBcKoH YJI. r. 11pKYTcKa, B 6. [JIa3KOB-
CKOM npe.lI.MeCTbe, 6bIJIH CJlYl1aHHO HaM.lI.eHw 2
HeOJIHTHtIeCKHX norpe6eHH.S! C 60raTbiM H HeO:>KH-
v
;I.aHHbIM no COCTaBY, Ha nepBwH B3r.TISI.lI., HHBeH-
TapeM. B O}J.HOM norpe6eHIIH OKa3aJIIICb «naCTO-
BbIe» (paKoBIIHHbIe) MeJIKlIe 6YCHHKHKPY}K011KH
(60JIee 1500 lIlT.!), KOCTSIHoe TeCJIOBH)J.Hoe opy-
Jllle II nO.lI.eJIKII H3 6eJIoro HecppHTa - KOJIeqKII,
B TOM QHCJIe O.lI.HO KOJIbll.O HCKJIIDqHTeJIbHOH Tex-
HHl1ecKOH OT.lI.eJIKH H Ka1:leCTBa. KOCTHK JIe}Ka.'I
B TaKOH 1Ke OXpHCTOH 3eM.TIe, KaK KHToMcKHe,
HMeJI, .n.OJUKHO 6blTb, opHeHTRpOBKY, aHaJIOrH1.IHYID
Il.HKJIO.lI.pOMOBCKHM KOCTHKaM, T. e. Ha IDr rOJIO-
BOH, npM HeM OKa3aJ1HCb TaK}Ke 06JIOMKH KOCTeH
I f. <1>. JI,e6eu.. YK83b1BaJ1 B 1930 r., 'ITO OKpallleHHble
(KHTOHcKHe) KOCTSIKH cOnpOBO>K.lJ.8IOTCSI «60nce 60raTblM
HHBeHTapeM, qeM HeoKpallleHHble CKOp'leHHble», T. e.
rJIa3KOBCKHe (OqeBH.lI.HC, HMelOTCSI B BH.lty CKOp'leHHble
KOCTSlKH, OTMeqeHHble BHTKOBCKHM B 1887 r. y npHIOTa
CYKaqeBa). BblBO.ltbl .ne6eIta .ltOJIJKHbI 6hITb BHAoH3MeHeHbI
B CBeTe }J.OBb1X .n.aHHb1.X, TaK KaK Ii CKOp'IeHHble TJ183KOB-
CKHe KOCTSiKH 6b1BaIOT c60raTbI» IIHBeHTapeM, a oKpameH-
Hble «6HblMH», HO caMaSi MblCJIb 06 H3BeCTHoA CBSl3H
pHTyaJIa H 06HJIHH BelI{eA, KaK MbI BB.ltHM, npe.ltCTaBJISIeT
60JIblUOH HHTepeC (f. <1>. JI, e 6 e l{. AIlTpOnOJIOrHqeCKHH
COCTaB Hace.neHHSI npH6aHKaJIbSi B 3noxy 1I03AHero Heo-
IDIT8, CTp. 10).
nO.lI.pOCTKa IIJIH pe6eHKa. ECJIII 3)1eCb HeT CJlY-
1:IaHHOrO CMemeHHH OCTaTKOB pa3HOBpeMeHHbIx
norpe6eHIIH, 3TO norpe6eHHe npep.CTaBJISIeT HO-
BWH H oc06eHHo HPKHH nplIMep CBSI3H KIITOHCKHX
naMSITHIiKOB C rJIa3KOBCKHMH: B HeM MW H8XO-
tI.IIM C01:leTaHHe KHTOHCKHX 3JIeMeHTOB - 3aCbIllKII
OXPOH, paKOBIIHHbIX 6yc, Tec:na II .lI.pyrHx TaKIIX
npH3HaKOB - CO CTOJIb SIpKHM 3JleMeHTOM rJIa3-
KOBCKOH KYJIbTYPbI, KaK KOJIbll.a H3 6eJ1oro
HepIlTa.
CJIe.lI.yeT, TaKIiM 06pa30M, C1:IIITaTb, l1TO cepOB-
CKaSI rpynna norpe6eHHM CTapIIle OCTaJIbHbIX,
'U 'U .... <Q
KHTOHCKOH H rTIa3KOBCKOIi, nplIl1eM KIITOHCKaH 3a-
HIiMaeT npOMe}KYT01:lHoe MeCTO, a rJIa3KOBCKaSi
3aKJ1IOQaeT BCIO 3TY XpOHOJIOrlIl1eCKYID JIeCTHIIUY
II OTKpbIBaeT C060H 3noxy MeTaJI.TIa,  KOTOPYID
Y>Ke u.eJIHKOM BXOJI.HT CJleJI.YIOllI.aH IIIHBepCKaH
rpynna. PaHHIIM B03paCT IICaKOBCKOH rpynnbl
onpe.QeJIHeTCSI y)Ke ee 6J1H30CTblO K cepOBCKOH.
B.MeCTe G TeM 60JIee apXaHI:leOKHH IIHBeHTapb
norpe6eHIIH IIcaKOBCKOH rpynnw, B oc06eHHocTH
nplIMIITIIBHaH "KepaMHKa, .z:r.aeT npaBO C1:IHT3Tb,
1:ITO OHII npe.lI.meCTBYIOT cepOBCKHM. B cepOBCKOH
" v
rpynne H 3aTeM ,B KIITonCKOH HCHO npOCJIe)KJi-
BaerCH .zr.aJIbHeHIIlee pa3BIITHe pHJJ:a Tex 3JIeMeH-
TOB MarepHaJIbHOM KYJIbTypbI, KOTopble H3BeCTHbI
HaM no IIcaKOBCKIiM naMSITHIIKaM (pIiC. 8 II 9).
o B03paCTe XHHbCKOM rpynnbI Cy.nHTb TPy.nHee.
TaK KaK MaTepHa.TI CJIIIIlIKOM CKY.lI.eH. CJIe.lI.yeT,
TeM He MeHee, Y1JeCTb cBoe06pa3IIe HHBeHTapH H,
B ocooeHHOCTII, HaJIH'lHe 3aMe'laTeJIbHblX HaKO-
HeqHIIKOB C BbIeMKaMH apXaHqeCKOrO Tllna. ECJIH
6bI TaKHe BemH 6bI.JIH HaH.lI.eHbI OT.lI.eJIbHO, HX
MO:>KHO 6bWO 6bI OTHeCTII c nOJIHOM aepOSITHOCTbID
K .lI.OKepaMHqecKOMY HeOJIHry. Ho II OCTaJIbHWe
npe.lI.MeTbI HHBeHTapSi H3 3TIIX .QBYX norpe6eH.HH
He npOTIiBOpeqaT TaKOMY npe)I.nOJIO}KeHIHO.
MO}KHO, CJIe.n.OBaTeJIbHO, ClITaTb norpe6eHHH
XIIHbCKoro THna caMbIMH .lI.peBHIIMH, npe.lI.meCT-
BYIOIll.HMH HCaKOBc.KHM.
06mee npe.lI.CTaBJIeHHe 0 BceH 3TOH «JIeCTHIIII.e»
.z:r.peBHHx norpe6eHHH MO}l{eT )J.aTb pHC. 9 H npll-
JIaraeMaH Ta6JI. 6,' B KOTOpOM MaTepHaJI CYI\I-
\-1HpOBaH Y:>Ke He no OT.lI.eJIbHbIM TOJIbKO, HaH60-
JIee Bblpa3lITeJIbHbIM, HaXO.lI.KaM-«3TaJl0HaM», KaK
B npe.lI.IIIeCTBYIOmHX TaOJIIIll.aX, a no nSiTH Bbyr.e-
JIeHHbIM rpynnaM norpe6eHIIM, B3HTbIM B ll.eJIOM.
Ta6JIIIll.a COOTBeTCTBeHHO 3TOMY paCqJIeHeHa Ha 5
BepnlKaJIbHblX KOJIOHOK. Bcero B Ta6JIHu.e 0606-
ll(eHbJ MaTepHaJibI CJIe.lI.YIDmHX norpe6eHHH.
A. XHHbCKaSi rpynna
1. 1JaCTbl.e; M I.
2. na.ltb XHHbcKaSl; N!! 1.
E. HcaKoBCK8S1 rpynna
1-7. nOHoMapeoo; NeNe 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 16, 18-
8, 9. M.caKoBo; .N!!N2 I, 2.
10-12. BpaTcKHH KaMeHb; N!!N!! 2, 3, 6.
B. CepoBcKaSi rpynna
1. nepece.neHQeCKHA nyHKT; N2 1.
2. YIUKaBKa; N! 1.
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96
QACTb 1. I1CTOPID:I IICCJIE;:\OBAHlU! If XPOHO.iIOrlliI rrAMRTHHKOB
3, 4. O10HKH; 1(g1\g 1, 2.
5, 6. nOHO)IapeBO; 1\gJ\ 2, 7.
7, 8. YCTb-.D.o.;lraH; Xg,N'g 1, 2.
9. C06atlHH JIor; 1\2 1.
10-13. nOAOCTpO>KHOe - KnpmiqHbIH capaH; .1'\'2;\'2 2. 3, 4.
14. TIO..il:Oc-rpO>KHOe - ropo.u:Hll1.e; J\'Q 1.
15. TIa.u:b HOXOH, .;\1'2 L
16. fYJJ;aeB .,lor; 'Q 1.
17, 18. 5YMamKHHo; J\AgNg 1, 2.
19. fOJIO)\bICKa; N l.
20. BepxlIe-Cepe.u.KHHO; Ng 1.
21-23. HH>KHe-CepeAKHHo; Ng 2, 3, 4.
24. IIIHBepa; .N'g 7.
25, 26. YCTb-YJJ;a; NgNg 11, 12.
27-31. CepoBo; Ng]\g 1, 2, 3, 5, 6.
32, 33. Hmp:Ma II; NgJ\'2 1, 2.
34-37. Ma.'l3H MaMbIpb; J\'2Ng 1, 2, 3, 4.
38. EpaTcKHH KaMeHb; Ng 8.
r. KHToHcKaH rpynna
1. Me>KOBKa; Ng 3.
2. K)'3bMHxa; Ng 1.
3. lIecHxa; '2 5.
4. fna3KoBo, norpe6elIHe HaHeHHoe CaBHUKHM.
5-15. l1.HKJIO.u:pOI, .\'2J\"g 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 (lv\. M. fepacn-
MOB); .N'gJ\"g 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. (n. n. XOpOllHl:X).
16-38. KHTOHCKHH lorn"lbHIIK: .\'2N2 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20,
21, 22, 23.
39. KHTOH -II; Ng 1.
40. PacnYTHHo; Xg.:\'2 1, 2 (06WHOCTb pllTya.la II ;JR-
BeHTapH).
41. CepoBo; .1'.''2 4.
. fna3KoBcKaH rpynna
1, 2. Me>KKOBKa; J'o.J'2J\"2 I, 2.
3. ManaH Pa3BO.ll.HaH; K2 1.
4-7. Lla3KoBo y uepKBH; NgNg i, 2, 3, 4.
8, 9. f.la3KoBo, npHIOT CYKaqeBa; !\"g.\g 1, 2.
10. L:Ia3KOBO, .llaqa JIyl-Ia; 2 1.
11. YCOJIbe; Ng 1.
12-19. nOHoMapeBo; .N'2Ng 1, 3, 4, 6, 9, 14, 15, 17.
20-22. l3ypeTb - na..'l.b CyxaH I; J\INg 1, 2, 3.
23-26. EypeTb - na3.b CyxaSl II; N2.N'g 1, 2, 3, 4.
27. na.u:b 4acTbIe; )<'2 2.
28. JIeHKOBKa; N2 1.
29. YCTb-,llonraH; Ng 3.
30. na.ll.b CBHTaH; .N'2 1.
31. TIa.llb MaxoHbKHHa; N2 1.
32. na.ll.b KaJIallIHHKOBa; XC} 1.
33-35. CeMeHoBo; Ng"g 1, 2, 3.
36, 37. I1UbIrYH; N2N2 1, 2.
38-40. YCTb-Y.lla; 2X!! 1, 2, 3.
41-46. nO;J.OCTpO>KHoe; 1\'2N!! 1, 2, 3, .4, 5, 6.
47. nO.ilOCTpOJi<HOe - KnpnnqHbIH capaH, !.> 1.
48-50. fapaHbKHH JIor; .:\I'2N!! 1, 2, 4.
51-54. na.llb HOXOH; N2.\ 1, 3, 4, 5.
55. 4YPHlICKHH JIO>KOK; N2 1.
56-58. EBceeBo; N!!J\2 ], 2, 3.
59. na.llb fly6oKaH; 1\2 1.
60. BepxHe-Cepe.llKHHO; Ng 2.
, 61. HH>KHe-Cepe.ilKHHO; 1\2 1.
62. PIOTHlIO; .J\I'2 1.
63-68. YCTb-Y;J.a; J\2N!! 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9.
69, 70. AHOCOBO; N!!N!! 1, 2.
71. l1.rnpMa I; J\'2 l.
72. HrnpMa II; .\ 3.
73. Ke>KMa; oN!.> 1.
74. EpaTcKHH KaMeHb; '2 1.
E. IIIHBepcKaSl rpynna
1-11. IIIHBepa; N!!Ng 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12.
12. YCTb-Y.lla; J\'2 5.
B npIlBe.rr.eHHOM Ta6JI. 6 pa3yMeeTCH, YKa-
3aHW TOJIbKO Te npH3HaKH IIHBeHTapH H pllTyaa
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MHTHUKOB; Bcero "ll1111b TOJIbKO KOHcTaTHpye1
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a He 06'bHCHHeM ero npHlIHHbI. 06 3TOM pel1b
6Y..'J.eT .lI.aJIblile.
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, .,
nplI3HaKoB B Tpex OCHOBHbIX rpyrrnax norpeoeHmI
B YKa3aHHoM Ta6JIHll.e, 1O}KHO onpe.n.e.1JHTb TOJlbKO
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3HaKOB. CBOMCTBeHHbIX CMeHSIIOII.J.HICH KOMnaeK-
...
caI naMSITHHKOB II, TaKH1 oopa30M, YCTaHoBHTb:
. a) lITO xapaKTepHo .lI.JIH Ka}K.D.oM H3 rpynn no-
rpe6eHIIH B OT.ae.1J, bHOCTII T. e. COBceM He rrOBTO-
p51eTC51 B pyrHx HH Bc.TpeqaeTc. B HMX OqeHb
pe.D.KO;
6) 1:ITO HOBoro Bo06II.J.e BHOCHT Ka>K.rr.aH rpynna;
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HUH nOC.'Ie.iI.OBaTeJIbHOH C:\-leHbI rpynn norpe6eHHM.
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OTCYTCTBYIOIIl.IIX B HOBbIX rpynnax norpe6eHHM
(c.TIeaa). H 3TO 011eHb BamHO. ECTb B03MO}K-
HOCTb, ce..'J.OBaTeJlbHO. npOCJIe.n.HTb nOCe.D.OBa-
TeJlbHbIe 113MeHeHIIH B xapaKTepe CMeH.sIIOIIJ.HXCH
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npeeMc.TBeHHOCTb, HeKOTopblX 3Jle1eHTOB 6blTa H
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leHH. CBH3bIBaH pa3.111111HbIe rpynnbl naM.HTHHKOB.
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mero co.n.ep}KaHHH yrOJIbHOH IIbIJIH H 30..1bI;
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B 25-30 C}I. Oc060 OTMe'leHO, tITO C.ilOH VII II
VII I «H:\le.1JH BII;I. cKopee O.IT.HOrO 60..1Jee MOIII.HOro
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5, 9, 10 «HH}KHHH qaCTb C'IOH X np.HHa.:rle}KHT
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Ha OCHOBHOM Y1:IaCTKe pacKonoK A, OTKy.rr.a
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101
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fiJIacTHHKoM B na3Y BKJIaAblIIIeBoro 0pY)].IIH
(2226-99). MaTepHaJI, 113 KOToporo npHro-
" 0
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3MaTHl1eCKIIe II KOHH1:IeCKHe.
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BOM MeCTe CTOHT «HYKJIeycbI - JI.p HJ1 II» no cTapoH
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485). 3TII cBoeo6pa'3HbIe II .xapaKTepHbIe .lI.JISI
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paHI:IS! rpaHeR. Ha060poT, MHOrOl1lICJIeHHble lIl.ep-
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BTopaH rpynna pe311.0B XI C.TJOH Y.TJaH-XaJJ..bI --
nJIOCKHe cpe.n.IIHHble pe3ubI (2226-159, 580).
TpeTbH rpynna - 60KOBble (3 3K3.), B TOM 1:IIICJIe
O.lI.HH  nOApeTYIIlOBKOM no npOTIIBOnOJIO}KHOMY
1 J. Fin s c h. Ethnologische Erfahrungen; 0 H >K e.
Canoes und Canoebau in Marschall Inseln. Verhandl.
d. Berlin Gesellsch. fUr Anthrop., Ethnol. und Urgesch..
1887, CTp. 22.
2 r. <1>. J1. e 6 e Ll. On biT Bbl.J,e.leHUSI Ky.'lbTypUbiX KOM-
I1.'IeKCOB B Heo.;lHTe npu6aHK3.'IbSl, CTp. 154.
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Mepa, Ha OTlIl.enax, O.lI.IIH C BorHYTblM pa601:lHM
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rpY31I.TIa npe;r.CTaBJleHbI 1 3K3e11ll.;JHpOM B BH)].e
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(2226-1376). H:\-leIOTCH Hal1aTble, HO He 3aKOH-
LleHHbIe 06pa60TKOH, CTepLKHH pbI60.TIOBHbIX CO-
CTaBHblX KpIOl1KOB H3 llmcpepa (2226-213, 91);
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neCl1aHIIKa (2226-135). B 3TOM CJIoe HaM}I.eHbl ·
TaK:>Ke 011eHb MeJIKlIe KYCKH rpacpHTa (2226-38,
117, 137, 166, 167, 292, 306).
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B X CJIoe, KaK. H B XI, HaM-
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CTHHKII-BK.TJa}I.bIIIlH, B TOM 1:IIICJIe
2 C TlIl.aTeJIbHO peTYlimpoBaH-
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(2226-2907, 2920): 3 HYKJIeyca,
B TOM 1JIICJIe «HYK.TIeYC-CKpe60K»
C .lI.OJIOTOBHJJ..HbIM nOnepe1:lHbIM
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HMelOTCH B KOJIllqeCTBe 6 (B TOM
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HaKOHel1HIIKH CTpeJI npIiHalI.-
.11eJKaT K CJIe.ll.YIOlIl.HM TlinaM:
a) TpeyrOJIbHbI:H, C BbmYK.llbl-
l\(1f .lI.JIHHHbIMIf KpaHMII H qIerKa
o ... 0
BorHYTOH oa301l, LlaCTo nOl1TII
npRMOH (HanplI:\-lep 2226-2722
2239. 2205);
6) TOM }Ke cpOp1, C aCI\!Me-
TpII1:IHo-BorHYToH 6a30H (2226- Puc. 10. <1>panfeHTbI COCY!J.OB H3 KY.I1bTypHbIX CJ10eB CTOSIHKH YJIaH-Xalla.
2591, 2903);
B) C qepeHKOM (2226-2490, 2905, 2864, 2917,
2864) ;
r) JIIICTOBHJ.{HbIe (2226- 2902, 2908) II
.n:) pOM61I1:IeCKIIM (2226-2290).
MeJIKHe cKpe6KII - 06bI1:IHbIX ..],.151 HeOJIHTa
fJpH6aHKaJIbS! cpOp:\L ECTb TaK>Ke O)1.HO KpYUI-IOe
cKpe6JIOBII.lI.HOe opy;r.lle H3 KBapIITa, OBaJIbHOfi
<VOID-lbI, co cY:>KeHHOM PYKOHTblO. OHO ocpopMJIeHO
no KpaR'M KPYTOR peTYIIIbIO.
npOKO.TIKII MaCCHBHble B BII}I.e To.rrCTbIX, KOPOT-
o
KHX H cn 10IlIb peTYIIIHpOBaHHbIX cTepLKHelI
(2226-1262, 2788, 2083, 2091). «HaKOHeQHIIKII
 ...
.rrPOTIIKOB» HalI,.':(eHbI ObIJIII B KOm111eCTBe }I.syx.
J.-hleeTcH O.lI.W.{ Be.TIHKOJIenHO OcpopM.TIeI-lHbIH
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l';r:; ; ',,"/ . ,! }.;:; )j,l ,L,i5 {C!. ,,\ :r,.;".:{:t: ..: ;,
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.:-..   '.... . ... .  t': '. ", '" '\ l . . I
;: -/J-<-_. - '- \  ,__.. =._... ::'. '" .;._..:._...,;.-:.t- _:.:...:. -.:L. .', <_:;-. ._.- .- ;
, -;...:. - .<:i'...... :r-- .... -.. ".. - . ..;r_:..,.....r.I....!\_f .t:."t  ': 't_ _.......... 1III(!':f,;-.'..,,,, .
-..-;,.' ..... "'--a" .....-;: :.'_.._,_.,...": ._,,_. _,.' aP  r-J . """-...-_ . /
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'-<' : 'f((j: .,(:;.j/ -
-=-- .....
aCUMMeTpHl1HO-Tpeyro.YJbHbIH (KOnbeBHJI.HbIM) HC}K
OO.'IbillOrO pa3Mepa (lI.1I1HOIO 8 CM) (2226-2150).
PbI60JIOBHbIM IIHBeHTapb npe.lI.CTaBJIeH rpY3H-
.1aMIi THna onlIcaHHblX BbIllie (3 3K3.) , 4aCTHMH
PbI60JIOBHbIX COCTaBHbIX KpI01:IKOB 113 IIIlIcpepa lot
IIX cpparMeHTaMH.
3al\lel1aTeJIbHa HaXo;r.Ka OJl.HOrO cpparMeHTa
KaMeHHorO H306pa}l{eHIIH pbI6bI B Yl1aCTKe A Ha
KBa.zr.paTe 5 (2226-2590).
J MA9, KO.TIJI. Ng 2226-793.
J C60pH. M..\3, III, 1916, Ta6.'l. XIII. puc. 5 II 17.
.

102
tIA(!Tb I. HC:TOPMJ1 nCC.TIE;J:OBAHIiR Ii XPOHOJIOrliR IIAIRTHIIROB
I'.IIABA III. IIPOB.TIEMA CHHXPOHH3AqHH HEO.mtTHtlECRliX nOCE1EHHM Ii nOrPEBEHHM
10;
. KpynHbIe KaMeHHbIe 0PYJI.IfH npeJI..CTaB.TIeHbl
06JIOMKO\1 TeC.TIOBII.II.HOro Op'y.rr.IISI H3 ceporo roillI-
. HIICTO-KpeMHIICTOrO C.'1aHll.a (2226-2457), MH-'
HHaTlOpHbnf O){HOCTOpoHHe-BbmYK.TJbIM TeCJIOf H3
HecppliTa (2226-3613). I1MeIOTcH TaKMe KYCOl1KH
He<ppHTa co C'Ie){aMH pacmfJIa H TOQII.iIbHbli1
6PYCOK C rJly60KIIM npo.u.o.TIbHbIt Me.1J06KoM.
OCTaTKII KepaMIIKH Oq.eHb 06HJIbHbI. Ha 0.lI.Hm1
cppan..teHTe BII.lI.HbI C.TJe.lI.bI cnaH, xapaKTepHoro
.n.TJH COCY.lI.OB, H3rOTOBJIeHHbIX TeXHIIKOH Ha.'Iena
(2226-2787). MHoro cpparMeHToB rJIa J],KIIX, no-
pa3HTeJIbHO TOHKOCTeHHblX KpynHbIx COCY;J.OB
(2226-3090, 2021, 2771 II ,n:p.). ECTb cppanl"leHTbI
C HCKJIlOqHTelbHO 1:IeTKIIMIl OTTHCKa:\HI rpy60ll
pOM6H1:IecKoM ceTKII-nJIeTeHKII H3 TOHKIIX IIlHYP-
KOB, THna onHcaHHoM BblIIIe (2226-2622, 2621,
2329, 2629 If ..'J.p.). 4acTo BCTpel1aIOTCH l1epenKH
a  u v
C feJIKOH CBoeoopa3HOII IIITpllXOBKOli nOBepx-
HOCTII (2226-2824 H .rr.p.). 06paIl.{aIOT Ha ce6H
BHHMaHHe 1:IepenKII C HBHbIMII c.TJe.lI.a:\UI 3aTepTOH
H cr.TJa>KeHHOM ceTKH (2186, 2112), a TaK}Ke co
CJIe.lI.aMll OTTHCKOB rpy60M TKaHH (2226-2598).
OpHaMeHT rpe6eHqaTbIH, nynKTllpHbIM, IIlTaMno-
BbIM (npHMoH Y3KOH JIOnaT01:lKoM). BnepBble Ha-
6JIIO.lI.aeTCH nOHB.TIeHlIe opHaMeHTa, KaK 6bI HMB-
TllpYIOII1.ero OTTIICKII TOHKoro, CII.TJbHO cKpYl1eH-
Horo IIIHypKa (Kocble napa.TJ."lJeJIbHbIe HaCe1:lKII) --
3aperHcTpllpoBaHbI B C01:leTaHIIH C rpe6eHQaTbIM
Y30POM (2226-2827). I1HTepeceH ;J.."lJH YBH3KH
c norpe6eHHSlMH cllocao YKparneHlul tocy.n.oB
HaJIenHbIMII, TpeyrOJIbHbIMIi B Ce1:leHlIfI, BaJIII-
KaMIi.
BaJIIIKII 3TII II.lI.YT napaJIJIeJIbHO 60PTHKY BeH-
qllKa II paCCe1:leHbI BepTIIKa.TIbHbIMIi nOJIOCKaMH
nYHKTllpHoro opHaMeHTa; HII}Ke, no IIIeHKe cocY.lI.a
npoxO,lIJIT ropH30HTa.lIbHble n05ICKII TaKHX JKe
nYHKTHpHbIX JIIIHHM (2226-2343; pHC. 10, BBepxy).1
Cpe.lI.H <ppanfeHToB BeHl1HKOB COCy.rr.OB BbI.lI.e-
JI5IIOTCH ocpopMJIeHHbIe cpllrYPHo, KpynHbIMII Tpe-
yro.rrbHbIMII 3y6uar.m II BOJIH006pa3Hble, conpo-
BO}K.lI.alOIll.lleCH, KaK H B 06pa311.e .N2 2226-2875,
3Hr3arOM H3 rpe6eHqaTbIX B.lI.aBJIeHIIH II ropll30H-
TaJIbHbIMII nOJIOCKaMII IIlTa:\fTIOBDro Y30pa - rrpH-
MOM JIonaToqKoM (pIlC. 10. BHII3Y). 2
B VIII C JI 0 e HaMJJ:eHo 6bIJIO Bcero 1112 npe;r.
MeTOB (B TOM qHCJIe OTIl.{enbI); 113 HHX CJIe,aveT
OTMeTHTb: 1) xapaKTeplJbIH no q>opMe, KOHll.eBOfi
BKJIa.n:bIlli (I .9K3.) B BH.lI.e Y3KOM, pOM61111eCKoi-i
B CeqemIH, Tpeyr0J!bHoM no 01:lepTaHIIHM nJIaCTHH-
KII, .lI.BYCTopoHHe peTYIIIlIpoBaHHoM, C MaCCIIBHbIM
JIe3BHeM no O.lI.HOMY KpaIO II TOHKIIf no JJ:pyroMY,
B Ce1:leHIIII pOM6I1qeCKHH:' (2220-3042); 2) Mac-
CIiBHble llQ)IYJlYHHQ-BbIllYKJIbIe HO.>KH 113 KBapAa II
Kl3apll.lITa, HanOMIIHaIOllilie no 011epTaHH5IM HaKO-
--
. .
..") C60pB'. M.A3, III, 1916, Ta6.TI. XIII, 8.
.. 2 MbI _ 3HaeM, lITO B .r.TIaH-Xa!I.e caMon pacnpOCTpaHeH-
-HOM <popMon IllTaMna HBJIHeTCH rrpHMaH IllHpOKa-H .ilona-
,TO"!lKa, K01'OPYIO, .nep.>Ka - iIaK.TIOHHO, Be.'lH no rJIHJIe, Henpe-
pblBHO Ha.>KHMasr TO C 60.TIbIllen, TO C MeHbIlleH CH.TIOH,
.-oTtierO nOJ1YlIa.'lCH .>KeJI060K C yrJly6JIeHHHMH; HJIH >Ke
1(E>P>Kci.'IH aepTHKa.TIbHO H noc.:1e Ka.>K.noro Ha.>KHMa OTPN-
; Ba.'lH, OTtIero no;rYlIa.'mcb pHp'bI py6IIHKOB (C60pH. MAE>,
III, 1916, cT}). 129}. - - --- -
He1:lHlIKH KOIIUH. He60JIbIIIOrO pa3Mepa (2226-
2949, 3003); 3) OCTplie (<<IIlIIJIO) 113 3aOCTpeHHoii
peTYIIlblO C O.nHOll CTOpOHbI Ha BepXHeM KOHll.e
Y3KOM HOLKeBHlI.HOH nJIaCTIIHKH (2226-3035);
4) cKpe6KII (5 3K3.) , B TO 11lICJIe O:I,HH <<:\I1IKpO-
'IHTII1:IeCKHM», MIiHlIaTIOpHbIM, nOqTH .lI.IICKOBIIJI.HOH
(POPMbl, H3 xaJIlI.e.lI.OHa (2226-2947); 5) «HaKOHel1-
HIIK KonbH» nJIOCKIIM H CJIerKa KplIBOM B nonepel1-
HliKe, 113rOTOBJIeHHbIM 113 KpynHoro OTIII.ena II
coxpaHIIBIIlHM Ha O:I,HOH: IIIHpOKOH CTOpOHe no-
BepXHOCTb CKO.:TJa, JIe3BH51 113.IT.€.J1H5I OT..'I II 1:1 a IOTCH
HepaBHoM TOJIIII.HHOM, O.lI.HO 113 HHX 011eHb TOHKoe;
Bcero BepOHTHee, .9TO - HO}K; ,IT,JIIIHa 13.5 CM,
IIllIpliHa 5.5 CM (2226-2964); 1 6) HaKOHel1HIIKn
CTpeJI: a) C qepeHKOM (2226-3000, 2994);
6) .."'IIiCTOBII.lI.HO-MIIH.lI.aJIeBH.lI.Hble (2226-3009,2493),
B) TpeyrOJIbHble, C aCIIMMeTpH1:IHO-BorHYTOM 6a30H
(2226-3029); 7) cpparMeHT COCTaBHoro KpI01:IKa
Jl3 IIlH<pepa (2226-3046); 8) rpY3HJlO 06bI1:IHOM
l}JOpMbI B BII,IT,e nJIocKoM raJIbKII C BbI60IIHaMII;
9) KYCKH IIIII<pepa C<? CJIe.lI.aMII 06pa60TKII.
B VII Coil 0 e HaM.lI.eHO Bcero 130 npe.lI.MeToB:
I1laCTnHKII-BK."lJa.rr.bIIIlII (2226-3161), MeJIKHe
cKpe6KH II KpynHwe cKpe6JIOBIIHble OpYHH H3
KBapll.HTa B BH.lI.e IIIlIpOKIIX nJIaCTHH C BbmYK-
.1bIMII, 1JaCTO nOJIYJIYHHbIMII, JI.BYCTopoHHe peTY-
UllIpOBaHHbIm (TOJIbK() no KpaIO) JIe3BIIHMH
(2226, 3053, 3060, 3125); 1 06pa3ell. Kpyn-
Horo BKJIa.lI.bIIIIa, npH6JIH}KaIOIll.HH:CH K aCUMMe-
TpH1lHo-TpeyrOJIbHbIM (KonbeBH.il.HbIM) HO}KaM no
cBoeM <POp Me (2226-3096); HaKOHe1:lHIIKH CTpeJI:
a) TpeyrOJIbHbIe C npH:\fbIM, qYTb BorHYTbIM
OCHOBaHlieM (2226,3101, 3123, 3127), 6) C 1:Ie-
peIIlKOI\f (2226-3097) . B .9TOM CJIoe HaH:.rr.eH
06JIOMOK KaMeHHoro H306pa}KeHIIH PbI6bI
(2226-3058). 113 HecppliTa 113rOTOBJIeH He60.TJL-
IIlOH nJIOCKIIM HO}K (2226-3071), eCTb TaK}Ke
2 06Jl0MKa mJIH<p0BaHHbIx 113.lI.e.TJHM H3 3eJIeHOrO
HecppHTa. Cpe.lI.H 06pa311.0B KepaMIiKH MHoro
l1epenKOB co IIITpIIXOBKOM, r.iIa.n:KIIX, opHaMeHTn-
pOBaHHbIX mTaMnOM -JIOnaT01JKOH:. 3aMeqaTeJIbHa
. .
HaXO.lI.Ka BeH1:IHKa C HaHeceHHbIMH Ha HeM HerJIY-
60KHMH pe3HbIMII JIIIHIIHMH - H306pa:>KeHH51MlI
..
:I.BYX 3MeH H KOCbIM «aHApeeBCKH}I» Kpec.TOM
\Ie}K.n:y HHMII (2226-3147): O,lLIIH cocy.n: co-
XpaHIIJICH nOqTII ll.eIIKOM II 06JIa.n:aeT xapaKTep-
HbIMIi OqepTaHIIHMII B BH.lI.e rpYIIIII HJIII _ HMll.a,
nOCTaB.TIeHHOrO BHII3 IIIlIpOKHM KOHll.OM, oCTpaH
BepIIlIIHa KOTop.oro yceqeHa B BepxHen qeTBepTH,
,.,
TaK qTO CTeHKII, HaHOO"'Iee pacIIIHpeHHble y .lI.Ha,
CII.TIbHO II paBHoMepHo cY}KIIBaIOTCH K BeHqHKY.
BCH HapY}KHaH nOBepxHocTb. cocY.lI.a nOKpbITa
BJJ;aB.lleHHbIMII IIITplIxaMII (2226-3048).
. B VI.c JI 0 e Hau.u.eHo 152 npe;:I.:\1eTa; B TOM
qllCJIe HMeIOTCH: 1) HaKOHeqHIIKH CTpeJI C 1:IepeHKOl\.l
(2226-3324, 3256) ; TpeyrOJIbHbIM HaKOHe1:lHIIK
CTpeJIbI C BbIIIYKJIbIMH cTopoHar.m H BorHvToit
6a30M (2226-3277); pOM61111eCKHe HaKOHe1:liIHKH
(3242, 3240) ; 2) MeJIKlle cKpe6KH; 3) pe3eu
(2226-3280) .
KepaMHKa B VI c.!Ioe cOBepIIIeHHo CXOlI.HaH
C oITHcaHHoM lI.."lJ5I VII C.1JOH.
B' V C.IT 0 e 06HapYLKeHo 127 npe;:r.MeTon:
\IHHUaTlOpHbIe HaKOHel1HHKH CTpeJi C qepeHKOM
(2226-3334, 3343, 3357); TaKoM 1Ke MIIHHaTIOp-
HbIM HaKOHel1HIIK cTpelbI C aCHl\nleTpII1:IHo-BorHY-
TOH 6a30M (2226-3356); Me.TJKHe cKpeoKII; cer-
\leHTOBII.lI.HbIH, TIl.{aTe."lJbHO peTYIIIllpoBaHHbIM
BK.ITa)):bIIIl 113 3e."lJeHOH: HIIl:\'lbI, no pa3:\lepaM H
cpOpl\W TO}KeCTBeHHbIM HaH.l(eHHbIM B na3ax KO-
CTHHoro KIIHJKaJIa 113 norpe6eHIIH NQ 5 B TIoJI.-
OCTpO}KHO:\-L 3)J.ecb HaH:,n:eH TaKLKe rpa<pHT
(2226-3417) .
B IV C."IJ 0 e HaM;r.eHo 163 npe,.'I.:\IeTa, B roM
l1HCJIe: 1) BKJIa.lI.HbIe JIe3BHH - HOLKeBII){HbIe n."lJa-
CTIIHKH C peTYillbIO; 2) npOKO"lJKa B BII,n:e ac-
CIIBRoro TO.JICToro CTep}KHH (2226-3461); 3) 06-
.10MKII HOLKa 113 IIIlIcpepa (2226-3538, 3591) :
4) HaKOHe1:lHIIKII CTpeJI: a) C 1JepeHKO1 (2226-
3596, 3567), 6) pOM6111:1eCKOH: <pOpMbI (2226-
3610).,. B) TpeyrOJIbHbIM HaKOHeqHHK  BorHYTOH:
a,30H (226-3504), r) Tpe)To.TIbHbIe haKOHe1:l-
IIKII C rrpHMOH:' 6a30H: (2226-3513, 3525 H ,n:p.);
5) l\feJIKlle cKpe6KII H 6) KpynHbIe cKpe6KII 113
KBapll.HTa THna orrllcaHHbIX BbIIIle ILlH V CJIOH
,(2226-.3592, 3474, 3459); 7) rpY31I."lJO 113 n.l0-
<;KQH .raJIbKH (2226-3472); 8) <pparMeHT KaMeH-
Horo 11306p3-}KeHHH pbI6bI (2226-3536); 9) oco-
6eHHo HHTepcHo H3.rr.eJIHe 113 CJIIO.IT.IICTOrO CJIaHlI.a
.R: BH.n.e MaJIeHbKOH OBaJIbHOil nJIaCT1-lHKH C 3y6q:a-
TbIM KpaM. U CBepJIeHbIM OTBepCTHeM, BepOHTHee
B.rO, !jJTaMn JJ;JIH HaHeceHIIH. rpe6eHl1aTbIX
9TTHCKOB Ha rJ!HHHf[bI 1:13.lI.eJIII H. B KepaMIiKe
113MeHeHHM }Ie Ha 6.1JIO.!{a eTCH. I1HTepeceH COCY.!I.
(2226-3478L HMUeBII.IT.HbIH:, OOJIbIIlOrO P33-
Mepa, TOHKOCTeHHbIH C 3y6qaTbn-f BeH1JIIKOM n
opHaMeHTOM, HaHeceHHbIM mTa:\ITIO:\f-JIOnaTOqKOM.
Y30p Ha _HeM cBoe06pa3HbIM, B BRae npHMbIX
a a a
gepe.lI.YIOIll.HXCH .IIHHHH - O.rr.HOII BepTHKa:IbHOII n
..'I.pyrllx - npllMbIKaIOlllllX K HeM rro)): yrJIOM. 3aMe-
:. _'-JaTe"lJeH cocy.lI. (2226-3481) C 01:leHb XOpOIIIO
BbmOJIHeHHbIM WTaMIIOM -JIOnaTOqKOH: pllTMHl1eCKH
{epe.lI.YIOIIIHMCH npepbIBHcTO- 3IIr3aro06pa3HbI:\'1
_ _yaopo.M. B nOCJIe.n:.HeM MbI HMeeM oopa3en Hall-
-  o..oJJee- .CJIO}KHOrO .lI.JIH cII611pcKoro HeO.Tuna opHa-
. IeHTa.
.B . III C..TJ 0. e HaH:,J,eHo 119. rrpe.II.MeToB:
1) EKJIaJIbIIIl (<<nllJIKa» I 2226-3664)-; 2) 06.10-
I
MOK rpY3HJIa; 3) cKpe6KH, B TOM. .1JIIC.TIe 1 MIIH-
n:a.TJemUI:HbIH: KpynHbIM (2226-3655); 4) «nOl(-
BeCKa» ;----, IIITaMn .lI.JIH HaHeceHHH rpe6eHqaTbIX
OTTHCKOB (2226-3724); 5) HaKOHeqHIIKII CTpe.TI:
a) C .Haca)].OM (2226-3733, 3658), 6) MIIH-
. .n:aJIeBlUlHbIe (2226-3645, 3692, 3640), 6) POMOII-
. .1:IeCKHH: (2226-3733) . B KepaMIiKe H3MeHeHIIH
HeT.
.:. Bo II C JI 0 e HaMAeHo 175. npe.rrMeTOB:
f) «MHKPOJIIITU1:IeCKIIll», T. e. MIIHllaTlOpHbIH
-- cKpe60K H3 xa.lIlI.e,lLOHa (2226-3876); 2) 06.TJo-
,toK. MOMa M3. Illllcpepa (2226-3877); 3) rpY311JIO
.(2226-3764); 4) - cpparMeHT .n:BYCTopoHHe. peTY-
,:IIIHPOB3-HHOM n.TJaCTHHKH-BKJIa.nbIma;. 5) HaKOHeq-
HHKH cTpen: a) TpeyrOJIbHH C BorHYToM 6a30H
_I Tai\1 ?Ke, Ta6JI. XU, 50..' -'c--
(2226-3863), 6) TO >Ke, C BbmYKJIOH: 6a30M
(2226-3904), B) :\mHJWJIeBfIHbli1 (2226-3893) H
r) C llepeHKOM (2226-3892), IICKJII01:IIITeTIbHO co-
BeprneHHbIM no cpopMe II no TeXHIIKe; 6) 06OMKII
1lI.1HcpoBaHHblx 113.L1.e.TIlill 113 3eJIeHOrO HecppHTa H,
B TOM 11IIC.!Ie, cpparMeHT !I.OJIOTlI.a C KPYTO CKO-
WeHHbB-I: B O.n:HY CTOPOHY .1Je3BlIeM (2226-3887).
011eBH.LI.HO, Haxo.n:KH 113 3Toro C.TJOH IIMeIOTC5t
B BII,J,Y, Kor.lI.a OT:\IeqalOT «BTOpllqHOe TI05IBJIe-
HIfe» Kepa:\IHKa C mIeTeHHef (2226-3747 II .lI.p.).
C .TJ 0 M I ;r.a.l 296 npe,n:MeToB: 1) «nll.ITKH»
(BK.TJa,n:Hble .iIe3BHH), B TO}f qlICJIe 1 nOJIYJIYHHaH,
cOBeprueHHo aHa.TIOrII1:IHaH BKJIa.lI.blIIIY Hg norpe-
6eHII5I Q 2 B- na,lL1I fJIy60KaH (2226-4171):
2) cKpe6KII, B TO:\I qlICJIe MIIHllaTJOpHbIM .lI.IICKO-
BH.lI.HbIH H3 xa.;nJ,eJ.I.OHa 2226-4112); 3) «HaBep-
TbIm» - MaCCIIBHaH npOKOJ1Ka; 4) HaKOHeqHIIKH
CTpe.TI: a) C HaCa.LI.OM (2226-4022, 4133, 3927,
3133), 6) !\-IHH.LI.aJIeBII.lI.Hbre - 6JIH31e K pOM611-
l1eCKHM (2226-3967, 4045, 3952), B) TpeyrOJIb-
Hble C npHMOH: II BorHYTOH: 6a30M (2226-4068,
4155, 4052), r) Y.l1.rIHHeHHo-TpeyrOJIbHbIe,. Y3Klle.
C pe3KO Bblpa}KeHHbIM Cpe.llIIHHbIM PC6POM II BO-
rHYTon 6a30M. (2226-4143, 4165); 5) HO}KII
_KonbeBII,IT,Hble, C nOJIYTJYHHbIMII BbmYK.lbIMII JIe3-
IIHMII. 6.TIII3KHe K acm,n..feTpIl1:lHo-TpeyrOJIbHbIM
(KonbeBII;:I.HbIM) HO}KaM H3 norpe6eHHH no aCIIM-
"feTpIl1:lHOMY O<pop:\IJIeHllIO .TIe3BIIH (2226-4007,
4193) ; 6) <pparMeHT HO>Ka nJIaCTIIH1JaTOrO 113
6eJloro He41pwra (2226-4114); 7) MaJIblH: ABY-
CTopoHHe-BbmYKlbIM TonoplIK JI3 3e."'IeHOrO He-
cpplITa (2226-4103) ; 8) He<ppHToBoe .lI.OJIOTUO
MaJl0e (2226-3940). Iv1Horo rJIHHHHbIX l1eperr-
KOB C IIlTplixaMII; IIMeIOTCH 06pa311.bI IIlTaMTIO-
" a
noro, np5IMOIi ..'IOnaT01:lKOII H nOJIYJIYHHoro,
a TaK}Ke rpe6eHtJaTOrO opH8MeHTa. TIpe06JIa.lI.aIOT
mlOTHbIe, TOJICTOCTeHHbIe, rpy6bIe 1JepenKH .ce-
poro Il.BeTa, C He6pe}KHO HaHeceHHbIM V30POf.
B TOM qHC.rre KaK 6bI «3aIIJ.lInHbIM» {2226-3976
H JIP.).1
Ha n.rr o III. a.n:H , He nO.llBepraBmeMCH paCKonKaM,
6bIJIII npOH3Be.LI.eHbI B IIlHpOKOM MaCIIlTa6e nO.lI."b-
eMHble C60PbI (c npocellBaHHeM neCKa) H 06cJIe-
lJ;OBaH pH.lI. coopY}KeHllii 113 H:aMHeM.
3TO 6bIlH OqarH B cpopMe p03eToK, Koc1'plllUa
II OCHOBaHIIH IOpT, BbIJIp}KeHHbIe 83 KaMHeii.
,.
n Blu:{e KpyroB, C BbIXO;J.OM. oopaIIIeHHbIM'
K IOry.
TIoc.TJ:e1I.Hlle coopY}KeHIIH, OTMe1:leHHbIe Ha
n..laHe CT05IHKII KaK «.rr.Ol\'l3». pacno.TJara.TInCb
B qHCe Tpex no O.llHOH: rrpHMoM .TIHHHH Ha 6JI1I3-
KO:\I ;J:pyr OT .llpyra paCCTOHHIIH II 6bIJIH BII.lI.HbI
Ha nOBepXHOCTII.
COBepIIIeHHO CXO.llHbIe OCTaTKII }KIIJIIIIIJ. 6bIJI8
HaH:LleHbI II B .LI.pyrOH: 6YXTe - TIec1JaHoit pacno-
.'IaraBIIllIeCH TaK}Ke B r JIy6HHe 6YXTbI. Cy.n:H rro
OCTaTKa:\f OILHQro H3 HIIX, yueJIeBIIIerO .!I.OBOJIbHO
XOpOIIlO, JKIIJIHIII.a .!I.OJI}KHbI 6bI.TIII 1I".reTb KOHYCO-
oopa3HbIH BHlt, nOItOOHO TYHrYCCKOH (3BeHKI1H-
I lJacTb TaKoit KepaMHKH, HecoMHeHHo, OTHOCHTC)t J'h-
K moxe MeTaJI.ila B nD.1IHOM CMbICJIe, K CTa!lHH pa3BHTO",
6pOH30OH K)lJlbTypbl H paHHero eJIe3a.

104
qACTb I. HCTOPlliI HCCJIE,[tOBAHIUI " XPOHO.iIOrH.R I1AM.RTHHROB
l'.1ABA III. npOBJ1EMA CHHXPOHII3:\1I.IIH HEO.7IIITlIl1ECRHX IIOCE:IEHHFI Ii nOrPEBEHIIH
105
CKOH) IOpTe. HaJI.o nOJIaraTb, l1TO OHH CTpOII.TJH.Cb
1-13 )KepJieH, paCCTaB.neHHbIX no Kpyry H CBH3aH-
'HbIX BepmlIHam B ueHTpe. COOPY}KeHlIe IIOKpbI-
Ba'10Cb .CIIICTBeHHH.1:IHOM Kopoii; Y BepIIIlIHbI OCTaB-
JIH.;10Cb OTBepCTHe ,rr...m BbIxo;r.a ..II.bIMa. HII3 ;1.!IH
npOl1HOCTIi 06K.TIa.lI.bIBaJiCSI KaMHHMH.
BbIXO.il. H.3 }KIWIIlIl. B neC1:IaHOH (6YXT0l1I<a
, w
KOJIOKo.1bHaH) 6bI.TI Ha lOr, KaK II B Y.1aH-Xa,rr,e.
nOCepe.lI.HHe KaMeHHoro Kpyra 3.lI.eCb aaXO.!I.II.TJOCb
3 KaMH5I - OCTaTKH npe;J,no.n:arae)-lOro O'lara.
npe.n.no.TJaraIOT, 1:ITO onlIC3HHbIe )KH.1JIIlIl.a npH-
".,
Ha.lI.JIe:>K3.iIII HeO.TJIITII1:IeCKIIM OOIITaTe,'1H:\-1 CT05fHOK
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JIIiCb no!!. KpbIIlleii CBOIIX l1YMOB «npeu)'IYIUe-
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c):(eJIaHO HecpaBHeHHo }leHbllIe».
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raeTCH He ,Ra.!J.ee 10-18 { OT KpaH Teppae.bI:
OCTaTKII JKe onHcaHHblX :>KHJIIilIl. -l1YMOB pa3:\fe-
m:a.1JHCb B r.rry6HHe 6YXT, B):(aJIIi OT :\-leCT HaU-
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LKaJIII, nOBIIlI.HMOMY, npH:\w Ha nOBepxHocTII.
B03MO}KHO, 1:ITO B 3THX qYMax He TaK .rr.aBHO
LKHJIH 9BeHKH, a'MO}KeT 6bITb, H pbI6aKH 6YPHTbi.
II. AHrAPCIIIE CTOHHKU
113 HeOJ1IITII1:IeCKliX nOCeJIeHIIH, H3BeCTHbIX
B .uOJIIIHe p. AHrapb"I B KOJIH1:IeCTBe HeCKOJIbKHX ;re-
CHTKOB, CIiCTeMaTlIqeCKII:\1 paCKonKaM nO.lI.Bepra-
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JIaCb CTOHHKa B MeCTHOCTIi Uapb-lI.eBHll.a, CTO-
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n CMo.TIeHlIl.IIHbI C KpaTKHMH CBelJ,eHIIHMH 0 C.lI.e-
.1aHHbIX TaM HaXOJJ.Kax. 1
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pacnOJIO}KeHa B 10 KM OT r. HpKYTcKa Ha BTOpoii
. Ha.lI.noMMeHHoM Teppace, BbICOTOIO OKO.TIO 10-
15 M, B YCTbe peqKH O.TIXH - .TIeB06epeLKHoro
npHTOKa AHrapbI, II 3aHII:\IaeT npaBbIM MbIC
pel1KH.
PaCKOnKal\m BbIHB.TIeHbI CJIe.n.VIOIIl.lIe HaC.:IOe-
- -
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oKpaIIIeHHaH rYMycoM B l1epHbIH Il.BeT; BepXHS1H
l1aCTb CJIOH: a) .n.epHoBbIM nOKpoB, MOIll.HOCTblO
OT 10 .lI.0 IS CM; 6) HH}KHHH - TeMH06YPOfO
I n. n. X 0 p 0 III H x. .1\-1a TepH a.lbl no apXeOJIOnUi
f1pH6aHKa.ilbR (Apxeo.'lOrHtteCKHe 3KCKypCH.H B OKpeCTHOC1H
HpKYTCKa). I. CTORHKa y ce."l. CMo.'IeHIUHHbI, I I. Y ce.'1.
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" HCT. "PH HpKYTC. foe. YHIIB., T. III, BbII1. 1, 1926.
l.J.BeTa, MOIIl.HOCTblO 10-25 C:\-I; 2) KpaCHoBaTo-
6YPbIH cyr.,lHHOK, 35-95 CM; 3) cepbIH pel1HOH
neCOK C npll:\feCblO 11.'1 a , 85-100 CM. HH}Ke 3a-
neraeT pe1:lHaH rabKa.
B ,1epHOBOM c,,'!oe HaH.lI.eHbI: )Ke.TIe3HbIM HO>K,
«TonopIIK», IlIII.TJO, 6YCHHKII II aCTparaJIbI OBeu.
B nOl1BeHHOM ropll30HTe E II BTOpOM C.TJoe (CY-
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.TIIITlIl1eCKaH KepaMIiKa. B OCHOBaHHH BToporo
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.rreHbI 01:larH, CJIO}KeHHble H3 KaMHeH. l(aMeHHblH
IIHBeHTapb CT05lHKll: 1) KOHH1:IeCKUe H O.lI.HOCTO-
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KOHel1HHKH CTpe.1 Y.lI..TIllHeHHo-TpeyrOJIbHOH cpop-
:'.lbI C BorHYToH 6a30H II xapaKTepHoM oc06eH-
HOCTbIO - aClnlMeTpHeH }KaJIbll.eB, O.lI.HO H3
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pa3MepaM cKpe6KII C BbmYKJIbIM pa601:lllM KpaeM,
B TOM qlIc.lIe Ha nJIOCKHX OTIIl.enax H H3 IIIlIpO-
KUX npH3MaTll'leCKllX nJIaCTll.HOK; 5) HO>KeBH)1,Hble
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C HaKJIa)J.HbIM Ba.nHKOM, C IIITpHXOBbIM opHaMeH-
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.Tle3HOM .noporll, TOJIlIl.llHOM OT 15 .lI.0 30 CM. nO.lI
HII:\f nJIaCT 1:IepHOM 3eMJIH II TeMH06yporo cy-
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160 CM, II IIl.e HH}Ke .npeBH5fH pe1JHaH raJIbKa,
3a.1JeraIOma51 Ha nJIaCTaX IOpCKoro necqa-
HIIKa».
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nYTel\l THnO.TJOflIqeCKOrO cpaBHeHH5I Haxo.n.OK
C MaTepHaJIaMH 1:IHCTbIX no Ky.TIbType CTOHHOK
Heo.TJHTIIl1eCKOH 3nOXH H 3nOXII :>Ke1Je3a.
B Ka:\1eHHO}1 IIHBeHTape KY3b:\IHXHHCKOH CTO-
HHKII Hi\feIOTCH: I) TonopbI 113 KBapll.llTa, .lI.1JHHOIO
OT 12 JJ.O 17 CM, C I10JIYKpyrJIbIM JIe3BlleM;
2) He60JlbllIlie TonopHKH H3 3eJIeHoro..HecppllTa,
C O)J.HOCTopoHHe CKOIIIeHHbIM "le3BlleM; 3) - .lI.HCKO-
BH..1Hble cKpe6KlJ; 4) cKpe6KlI C BbmYKJIbIM pa60-
qnM. Kpae:\ol, Ha OTlIl.enax II npH3MaTH1JeCKHX nJIa-
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CTbIX n.1JaCTIIHK8X KpeMHH II CJIaHll.a, 06JIa.lI.aIO-
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c.rrY:>KHBIlIHe JIe3BHSIMH BKJIa)I.blIIIeBbIX oPY.lI.HM,
3a3y6peHHwe no KpaHM; 9) cpparMeHTbI nJIOCKHX
nOJIy.TIYHHbIX HO}KeH 113 3e.7IeHOrO HecppHTa;
10) HaKOHeqHIIKJI CTpe.TI: a) Y.lI.JIIIHeHHo-TpeyrOJIb-
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6) TaKHe }Ke C aCHM:\'leTpHl1HO-BorHYTbIM OCHOBa-
HHeM, B) C BbmYK.!1oM. 6a30H, r) C Haca.n.OM;
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12) 6PYCKH H3 KpynH03epHHcToro neCqaHHKa
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<POPMbI», no onpe;I.e.1JeHlllO B. A. ropoJJ.l.J.OBa H3
KHTOHCKHX Haxo.noK); 13) rpaHeHwe KYCKH KpO-
BaBIIKa; 14) KepaIIIKa pa3Ho06pa3HaH, OTMe-
l1eHbI THI1bI: «c rJIa,iJ,KOH nOBepxHocTbIO, C .1en-
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npll HCCJ1e.lI.OBaHHH HeOJIHTllqeCKoro MOrHJIbHHKa
(CM. Bblllle) HaMll c.n.eJIaHbI 6bIJIH nonYTHO Ha-
6.1JIO,a,eHllH II Ha.lI. OCTaTKaMH .lI.peBHero noceJIeHIISI.
Ha npaBOf 60PTY na.lI.H no.lI. .lI.epHo:\-I, B rYMYC-
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HaXO.lI.KaMH KYTJbTYPHbIH CJIOM. B HH:>KHeli 1:IaCTll
KYJIbTYpHoro CJIOH BCTpeTHJIHCb 060}KLKeHHble
KaMHH (ll3BeCTH5IK), nepeKpbIBaBIIIlle H orpaHH-
1:IIIBaBIIIlle no KpaSiM BHYTpeHHee npOCTpaHCTBO
pe3KO Bblpa}KeHHOM HMbI. 51Ma, BbIKonaHHaH
B no.n.CTHJIaIOlIl.el\f KYJIbTypHbIH CJIOH 2Ke.TITOM nec-
qaHHCTOM cyrJIHHKe, BbI.n.eJIHJIaCb TeMHbIM OBaJIb-
HbIM nHTHOM. IllupHHa ee paBHH.TIaCb 75 CM,
.llJI II Ha 1 M, rJIy6IIHa 0.5 M. OHa OKa3a.TIaCb
CnJIOllIb 3anOJIHeHHOH pa3)J.p06JIeHHbIMII KOCTHMH
KOCYJIll, 06JIOMKaMH rJIHHHHbIX COCy.n.OB, OIll.en-
KaMH. HaM.neHbI B HeM II KaMeHHbIe ll3.neJIllH:
I) He60JIbIIIOM cKpe60qeK H3 KpeMHH, 2) HO}Ke-
Bll.lI.HbIe nJIaCTIIHKH, 3) MaccllBHbIH, IICK.iII01:IH-
TeJIbHo XOpOIIIO o<p0pMJIeHHbIH II KPynHbIH KOHII-
l1eCKllM HYKJIeyc, a TaK:>Ke 4) MIIHllaTIOpHbIM
KaMeHHbIH CTep}KeHb-rpY3IIK pbl60Jl0BHoro KPIO-
1:IKa' KHToHcKoro nma. KepaMHKa B HMe 6bma
C «nneTeHKoH» H OTTHCKa:\-1II TKaHH.
BeCb KOMn.TIeKC BeIIl.efI ll3 KYJIbTypHoro C.nOH
cooTBeTcTByeT Haxo.lI.KaM B HMe. 1
Ill. .l:EHCliIlE CTOHHIUI
EoraTble Haxo.n.KaMIi H 011eHb apXaU1:IeCKHe no
cocTaBY llHBeHTapfi HeOJIIITH1:IeCKlie nOceJIeHIfH
6w.iI1I 06HapYLKeHbI aBTopoM .llaHHOM pa60TW Ha
BepXHeM JIeHe, B oKpecTHocTSIX ce.!1. . BUplO.llb-
I MaTepna.rlbl XpaHRTC'I'I B I1pK)'TCKoM MY3ee.
14 OKiiap;HliKOB A. n,
CKoro. nepBoe - HeCKO.TIbKO BbIlue ropbI EbIK
(npoTHB ropbI i\1bICOrOJI) - Ha npaBoM 6epery
.rleHbI, cO.llep}Ka.TIo B HH}KHeM C.110e cpparMeHTbI
napa60JIOII.llHWX B BepTIIKabHo Ce1:leHIIII cocY-
.!I.OB C OTTIICKam 01:leHb rpy60H ceTKH-«nJIe-
TeHKH» Ha BHelliHeM nOBepXHOCTH., HeCKOJIbKO
rpY3H.n H3 raJIeK II KOCTH JIOCH.
BTopoe nOCeJIeHlle Y KpYToM CKaJIbl «5Ip»,
o:\lbIBaeMoH KJI I01:I 0:\1 (.TIeHCKOM CTaplII..i.eM). 3.lI.eCb
.. ".,
B cyrJIIIHKe, Ha 3Hal1lITeJIbHOH rJIYOHHe OT no-
BepXHOCTII, 06HapYLKeHbI cpparMeHTbI KpyrJIo.n.OH-
HbIX cBoe06pa3HbIX COCYJI.OB C KPYTbIM OTorHYTbIM
..
BeH1:IIIKOM, HM01:lHbIM II pe3HbIM JIIiHellHbIM
B BH.lI.e pO16H.l1eCKOH ceTKII Y BeHqllKa opHaMeH-
TOM. BHeWH5IH nOBepXHOCTb COCY.lI.OB nOKpbITa
OTTIICKaMIi «n..'1eTeHKII».
KaMeHHbIM HHBeHTapb nOCeJIeHHH COCTaBJIHIOT
HO}KeBIIJJ.HbIe nJIaCTIIHKII, cKpe6KH (B TOM qlICJIe
MHHHaTIOpHbIH .lI.IICKOBH.lI.HbIH cKpe60qeK ll3 xaJI-
ll,e.n.OHa) , HaKOHe'lHHKH CTpeJI: a) Y.D.JlHHeHHO-
Tpeyro.TIbHOH <pOpMbI C CHMMeTpHqHO BorHYTOH
6a30H, 6) C HaCa.lI.OM. Bce 3TH npe.lI.MeTbI ll3ro-
TOBJIeHbI C IICKlI01:IHTeJIbHbIM MaCTepCTBOM.
KOCTHHOH IIHBeHTapb: MeJIKlle IIIJIHq>OBaHHbIe
OCTpIIH, IlIII.TIbll.a, OJI.HO .lI.OJIOTll.O.
3aMeQaTeJIbHO HaJIll1:llIe Ha CTOHHKe HerJIy60-
KOM OBaJIbHOH HMbI .lI.HaMeTpOM OKO.1JO I M,
CnJIOllib 3anOJIHeHHOM KOCTHMH KOCYJIH (qeJIIOCTH,
paCKOJIOTWe H pa3.lI.p06JIeHHWe TPy61JaTWe II
'lepenHble KOCTH, n03BoHKH), JIe>KaBlliHe 6ec.no-
PH.D.01:lHOM rpy):(oM. TaM LKe 6blJIH HaH.lI.eHbI
1:IepenKll C «nJIeTeHKoH».1
IV. 1I.]IOiCRIIE CTOnHRII
B 1926 r. 3KCne.lI.IIl1.lIeM 11PKYTcKoro MY3eSl
06HapY}KeHbJ 6bIJIli OCTaTKH HeOJIHTHqeCKHX no-
CeJIeHIIM B pH.lI.e MeCTHOCTeH no p. HJIHMY,
O.lI.HOMY H3 OCHOBHbIX npaB06epe>KHbIX npliToKoB
AHrapbI. 06CTJe.llOBaHa 6bIJIa JI,OJ1HHa p. J-LTIIiMa
Ha npOTH1KeHHH 260 KM B Cpe.!I.HeM ee qaCTH H
OTKpbITbI HeOJIIITII1JeCKHe CTOHHKH B 20 MeCTax.
no pa3Be.Jl,0l1HbIM Ha6'1IO.lI.eHHHM, Ha HJIHMCKIIX
CTOSIHKax OT1leTJIIIBO BlI.lleH 1OIll.HbIM KYJIbTypHbIH
C.1JOH. Ha cpo He JIeCca, a TeM 60JIee KpaCHoro
neCqaHIIKa, OH pe3KO BbIJJ,eJIHeTCSI CBoeH Te:MHO-
BCHOM MaccoM, IIHor):(a npe06peraIOllJ.eH IIHTeH-
CHBHO l1epHYIO OKpaCK}'. 4acTo .!I.a}Ke B 3aBeT-
pHBllIeMCH 1:IaCTH ro npHCYTCTBue BJ>I)I.aIOT no-
BCIO.lI.Y BCTpel1aIOIIl.HeCH (II B 60JIbllIOM KOJIJi1Ie-
CTBe) KOCTII :>KIIBOTHbIX. 0JI.Ho06pa3eH OH BO Bcex
CTOHHKax 11 no 3a1JeraHHIO IIH.lI.YCTPHII: BCJIeJI. 33
nOl1BeHHbIM C.ll0eM B Ka}Kl{OM CTOHHKe II.llYT Kepa-
:\II1Ka II KaleHHaSi HH.nYCTPHH, a B c.TJelJ,YIOlIl.eM -
KOCTH }KIIBOTHbIX, 3aJIeraIOIll.He IIHOr.lla Ha JI.O-
BObHO 3Ha1:lHTeJIbHOH rJIy611He (OT 60 .lI.0
150 M). 4eM MOlIl.Hee no TO.'1ll1.IIHe CJIOH, TeM
OH TeMHee. B Tex qaCTSIX c.TJ05J, r,lIe HaXO.lI.OK
:\feHbIIIe, II caMbIH CJIOM TOHbIIIe II CBeTJIee. 2
\ MaTepHa1lbl xpamncS1 B I1pK)1TCKOM M)'3ee.
2 MaTepHa.1Ib1 xpaHRTCR B Hph.")'TCKOM Mygee. 51. H. X 0-
JJ. Y K H H. M.aTepHaJlbl K apxeO.'IOrHH p. HJIHMa. 113Q.
BCOprO, T. LIII, I1pKyTCK, 1927, CTp. 115-125.

105
l.ACTb I. HCTOPII.H IICC.7IE,!J;OBAHH.H H XPOHO.TIOnm nAMHTHHHOB
107
B 1929 r. 3TOT pallOH II CTOHHKII, OTKpbITble
S 1926 r., 06c.l1e.rr.oB3.rl f. <P. ,Ue6ell., KOTOpbIM
OTKpblJ1 pHLJ: HOBblX CTOHHOK H opraHlI30Ba.TI
CIiCTe:\laTHl1eCKlIe pacKonKII. PacKonKlf 6bVIII npo-
H3Be.lI.eHbI Ha ATa.;:raHrcl<OM CTOHHKe (pacKonaHo
111 KB. l\I), JlIITBHHll.eBCKOH (30 I<B. M), lIlecTa-
KOBCKOll (75 KB. M) H fiepe30BcKoM (45 KB. M). I
Ha ATa.'1aHrCKOll CTOHHKe f. <P. lI.e6ell.OM npe.J,-
BapHTe.llbHo 6blJl0 3a.TJO}KeHO nSITb KOHTpO.lbHbIX
mYPcpoB, a 3aTeI npOI-I3Be;r.eHbl pacKonKII B Tpex
nYHKTax (pacKonbI E, B, LL), y caMoro 6epera
o
o
PHC. 11. KaMeHHble H KOCTflHble H3.!J.eJIHfI C ATa.'1aHrcKo:fi
CTOflHKH; 1/ 2 H. B.
peKH, no KpaIO Ha.n.noHMeHHoM TeppacbI. ]VlollJ.-
HOCTb C.110H, COllep}KaBlllerO HaXOKII ;{OCTlIraeT
80-50 CM; HII}Ke H,neT C.10H }Ke.;yTBaToro CY-
r.i1HHKa, He CO.lI.ep}Kall1.IIH KY1bTYPHbIX OCTaTKOB.
«HHKaKll.X C.KOJlbKO- Hu6Y.ll.b 3at.'1(THbIX nOHH>Ke-
HHH KYJIbTypHoro CTIOH, YKa3bIBalOII.J.HX Ha H:\-lbI,
06HappKeHO He 6bl.7IO. HaH.J.eHo 3 otIara 113
I APXHB I111-'1K AH CCCP, 4>OHlI f AI1!vlK, .lIe.TIO
o aCKonKax f. <1>. J.I.e6eua B JJ,OJIHHe p. H.'IHMa B
19_9 r., .:v2 140, 1930 r. KOJI.'IeKUHH xpaHli.1Hcb CHaqa.:Ja
B foc. MY3ee aHTpOnOJIOrHH MOCKoBcKoro foc. YHHBepcH-
TeTa, HO 3aTeM 6bI.'IH nepe.J;aHbI B foc. 3pMHTB>K, rJtt'
HaXOJ1f1TCH B HaCTOHlI.I.ee BpeMH.
rJIABA III. npOB.1EMA CHHXPOHll.3.\I1.IIH HEO.'1IlTlIl1ECnIlX nOCElEHllFi H nOfPEBEHHFi
06mK}KeHHbIX KaMHeM. KpyrO:\1 HIIX - yr.rm, 30:la
H 06ropeBWHe KOCTH. JJ,sa 011ara B paCKone Jl
B BH.rr.e KO.'1ell. 113 Ka:\IHH, TpeniH B paCKone B 113
Tpex 60..1bWUX KaMHeH. OKOJIO 01.J:arOB TaK}Ke
HIIKaKUX Cle,lI,OB HM He 06HapYLKeHO», - nllllleT
f. <P. Jle6eu.
Y !J,ep. lllecTaKoBoM, OKO.TJO CO.l, b3aBO,lI,a pa-
60TbI Be.l1HCb C 16 no 21 aBrYCTa 1930 r. .MoIIl..-
HOCTb I{Y.'1bTypHoro C..10SI 70-80 C:\1. OH 6bUI
paC1:IReHeH npH pacKonKax Ha 2 ropll30HTa, Ma-
Teplla.TI 113 KOTOpbIX 6pa.TICH OT;{e.ITbHo. llepBbIM Ha
Ha r.TIy6l1He 0.30-0.65 ).'1, a BTOpoii - 0.65-
1.0 M.
HIILKHHH tIaCTb C.l0H 6bI.l1a HeCKO.TIbKO CBeT.1Jee,
HO l1eTKOll rp3HIIlI.bI :\leLK,J.Y BepxHlnf Ii HII}KHII:\f
ropH30HTOl\I He KOHCT3TlIpOBaHO. HII}Ke 3a.1e-
ra.la r.;'JIIHa, He CO,lI,ep}KaBIIlaH Ky.'IbTypHbIX
OCTaTKOB.
Ha HII}KHelf rpaHlIlI.e BepXHero roplI30HHI
BCTpeTIIJIOCb KOCTpHI.lI.e HenpaBII.TJbHOH cpOpMbl,
OKOJIO KOCTplIIIl.a .!le}Kaa 60JIbIIlOM K3MeHb. Heno
.J,a.71eKY OT KOCTpl1I.l.J.a HaM.rr.eHo 13 .'IOnaTOK orreHH,
CJIO}KeHHbIX B KYl1Y.
HeCKOJIbKO HIILKe, no Tel1eHIIIO peKII, OT MeCHI
paCKonOK 06HaPYLKeHo 6bI.1:0 ..rr.eTCKoe norpe6e-
HlIe, cOnpOBO}KJJ:aBIIIeecH OCTaTKaMIi K.TIa.rr.KII 113
KaI\lHeH.
UUeCTaKOBCKaH CTOHHKa rrpenCTaSRHeT Han-
60.TIblllHH IIHTepec KaK no KO.TJlIqeCTBY HaXO.lI.OK.
TaK II no :\1OII.J.HOCTII Ky.iJbTypHoro C.TIOH, pa3.rI.e-
.'1eHHoro HCC.1e.!I.OBaTe.'I.e:\I Ha .D:sa roplI30HTa.
HII}KHUM CTJOH lllecTaKoBcKoH CTOHHKII CO.lI.ep-
LKaJI xapaKTepHbIM, XOTH KO.'1II1.J:eCTBeHHO II He60.
u 0
raTbIH MHBeHTapb, lHoro KOCTelI LKIIBOTHbIX:
1) B 1:IlIc.rre KpynHblx KaMeHHblX 1I3lI.eJIIIM Bbl-
"
.lI.eJI.HIOTCH OOJIbllllIe nOJIHpOBaHHbIe TeCJIa 11..111 ;I.O-
'10Ta H3 r.TJHHIICTO- Kpe:\-1HIICTOrO rOJIy60Ba ro-ce
poro CTJaHua nOlInpm.myro.:'1bHbIX 01:lepTaHHH,
C pe3Ko BbIpaLKeHHOH TeH.rr.eHIJ.HeM K aCHMMeTpliH
IIIHpOKHX CTOpOH - O;{Ha 113 HIIX BbIllVKJIaH .1IPV.
raH n'IOCKaH (60-1025, 60-1239):  , 
2) IIMeeTCH OAHH nOJIY.TIYHHbIH m.'IHcpoBaHHbIM
HOLK C BorHYTbIM O.lI.HOCTOpOHHlUI .TIe3BHeM
(60-949) ;
3) eCTb THnlll1HbIe aCHMMeTpHl1HO-TpeyrOJIbHbIf'
(KonbeBIIAHble) HO>KH H3 Kpe:\H1H (60-764):'
4) 06paIIl.aeT Ha ce6.H BHHMaHlle O.D:HO H3SIIIl.-
Hoe. OCTplIe 113 Y3KOM HO}KeBII.1IHoM Kpe-1HeBOH
nJIaCTHHKIi, Ocpop:\-I.TIeHHOe C 6pIOIIIKa TOH
KOM peTYIIIbIO, nO'J.npaB.TIHIOllJ.eM .TJ HIll b KpaH
(60-1254) ;
5) KpfHeBbIe HaKOHeqHIIKH CTpe1J: a)
XQ 60-11 b9 Y.J.JIIIHeHHo-.TIIiCTOBlIlIHh!H C VCe1:leHHOH
6a30H, Tpeyro.TIbHbIH B nOnepeqHIIKe. I..{groToB.TIeH
113 MaCCHBHOH HO>KeBHlIHOH n.laCTIIHbl II coxpa-
HHeT nOCpe.1IIIHe Ha cnlIHKe CBoMcTBeHHoe nocJIe.rr.-
HeM pe6po, 60KoBble Y3Klle rpaHII cn.:IOIIlb peTY-
IIlHpOBaHbI. EpIOIIlKO nJIOCKOe, peTymHpoBaHo
llIlllb no KpaHM, KaK Ha onlIcaHHO1 BbIIIIe Y3KO:\f
oCTpne. LLJ1IIHa HaKOHel1HIIKa paBHa 4.5 CM, IIIH-
pna 1. I CM (pIIC. 12); 6) y.rr..'IIiHeHHo-TpeyrOJIb-
HbIH, C BbmYK.'IbIMH .1IJIHHHbDIH cTopoHaMH H
cY}KeHHbIM OCHOBaHlleM, C r1Jy60KoH, KPYTOM If
aCHMMeTpHl1Hoti BbIe:\-IKoii 6a3b!. )KaJIbll.e C o.II.Hoii:
CTOpOHbI KopoTKoe, C ..1PyroM - Y)J.HHeHHoe.
PeTYIIlb ;r.BYCTOPOHHSIH. JJ,miHa 3.8 CM, llllIplIHa
1.4 CM (60-1160); B) 3 HaKOHel1HIIKa C 1:Iepen-
KOM, CYLKHBalOI.l.J.U!\ICH KHII3Y H OT...'J.eJIeHHbIM KPY-
Tbl1H nJle1.J:IIKaMH OT TpeyroJlbHoro Tela HaKO-
Hel1HHKa (60-1052, 951, 156) . PeTywb TOH-
KaH, l\1aCTepcKaH.
KOCTHHOH HHBeHTapb npe.nc-raB-
eH JIonaTol1KoM C v3KoM II ,lI,JIIIH-
Hoir PYKOHTbIO (60-2583, 2584),
cpparMeHToM llllIJIa, nOKpblToro npo-
CTbIM Opal\leHTOM 113 pHn.mQeCKI1
4epe,rr.yIOI.l.J.HXCH B IIlaXMaTHO)..1 no-
pSI.n.Ke KOpOTKHX nOnepetIHX Hace-
l1eK, pacnO.TIOLKeHHbIX nYl1Ka:\HI I..'
(60-2579) n uenbD.l lllll:IOi  Ha- :cf 
CelIKal\HI }Ke.
B Kepa:\IHKe 060llx C'IOeB XOpOlllO
npe.1ICTaB.TICHbI <ppar1\leHTbI COCy;r.OB
C OTTHCKa).1H «rmeTeHKH». K.TIaccII-
"
l1eCKlie Oopa3I1.bI nOC'1e.lI.HIIX 1:IHC-
J1HTC5I 3a .NQ.NQ 60-2396, 2341, 2396
H T. .l1.. Hap.H,lI,Y C 3THMII 1:IepenKa:\IH.
06.TIa.rr.alOI.l.J.IIMII HBCTBeHHbDm peJlb-
eHbIlH OTneqaTKanl rpy60ll ceTKll
H.TJH «n.:leTeHKII», lI:\feIOTCH cppar-
MeHTbI, nOKpbITble orneqaTKaMH
cr'Ia}KeHHOH IIJIH HaMepeHHO cTep-
TOH ceTKII, nopa3IITe.TIbHO CXOLKHe
C OTMe1:leHHbIJ\IH Ha:\IH BbIllle (CTp.
78) HaXO,lI,KaMH 113 TTorpe6eHIIH (60-
2372, 2424, 2433, 2207, 2171 II ...'J.p.).
XOpOIlIO Bblpa}KeH Ha pH;{e 06.101\1-
KOB COCy.n.OB c r.'1a;I.KJ:nm CTeHKaMH
H101:IHbIM opHaleHT, .HMKII Kpyr.TIble
(60-2499), oCTpoyro.'IbHble - TlIlla
cepoBcKIIX H3 norpe6eHHH .NQ 1
(60-2518). OH COqeTaeTt:H C rpe-
6eH1.J:aTbIM, B TOM tIHC.TIe B BII.rre
OBa.TIbHbIX «ryceHlIl1HbIX» OTnel1aT-
KOB. Pe3KO Bblpa}KeH rpe6eH1:IaTO-
nYHKTHpHbIM opHaMt'HT - Y3KH:\Hi
ropH30HT3JIbHbl)1H nO.1.0CK3MH (<<PO-
lI1KOBbIH IllTaMn»).
KpO:\Ie Toro, HIeIOTCH cppaI'J\.ieH-
TbI COCY.lI.OB C lllTpliXOBaHHOH no-
epXHOCTbIO II BbIllYKJIbDIH ropOIllII-
HaMU CHapY}K1I Y BeHl1lIKa. Pe3Koro
OT.TJII1:IUH B Kepa:\lIIKe HlDKHero
COH OT. BepXHero He 3aeTHO
(QNQ 1987-2332 npOIICXO;(.HT .H3 HH>KHerO,
.a NQNQ 2333-2565 113 BepXHero CJIOeB). Bce co.
u
CY..1bI, HeCO:\lHeHHO, IIMe.,1H SIlIueBII.lI.HOe ;:I.HliIIl.e, ,:1}IH
60JIblllHHCTBa c.le.!I.yeT npe..rr.nonaraTb «mTpOBIEr.-
HYIO» cpOPMY. .
B. BepxHe:\1 c...loe HaM..rr.eHbI KaMeHHble cKpe6KH
Ha. OTlIl.enaX (60-1767, 1906, 1544), KpynHbIH
neCT 1-13 neC1:IaHIIKa H cpparMeHTbI u3,J,e. T mH 113
HecppliTa.
ECTb npeBocxo.rr.Hble no COBepllleHCTBY cpOpMbI
H no OT.1IeJIKe BelllH :H3 KOCTH II pora:
1) Y...'J..;'JIIHeHHbIH II yrrJIOII.J.eHHO- :\maJleI3H.n.Hb1ll
14*
B CeqeHMU HaKOHel1HHK cTpe.lbl C KJIIiHOBH,lI,HO
cpe3aHHofI no 06elnI cTOpOHaJ\1 6a30H II BbmYK-
.1bl)1II .!I.1I1HHbll\1II KpaHJ\IlI, KPYTO paClllHpHIOIl.J..II-
MHCH Y OCTpHSI; ;1.1HHa 6.6 CM, IIIuplfHa 0.7 CI
(60- 2567) ;
2) rapnYH, yn10II.J.eHHO-oKpyrabIH B CetIeHIIU,
C KOpOTKIIMH MaCCHBHbJ)..lII, nonepeMeHHo paCJlO-
.10}KeHHbUIH 3y6Qa:\I11 (60-2577);
f'il
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PHC. 12. KaMeHHbIe H KOCTHHbIe H3lI.eJIHSI C lIIecTaKoBcKoiI
CTOHHKH; 112 H. B.
3) rapnYH KopoTKuM, C .LI.BY:\IH KpHBbIMIf 3y6-
u.aMU H8 O,II.HOH c.-I'OpOHe;
4) He60.TJblllaH, HO )"laccHBHaH, KPYTO CKOIIleH-
HaH C O.D:HOM CTOpOHbI Ha JIe3BHII )10TbIKa H3
pora; ;:J.JIHH3 10.5 CM (60-2578);
5) XOpOlIla.H no OT..rr.eKe H OQeHb TUnH1.J:HaH no
cpopMe poroBaH PYKO.HTb Me.rr.Horo. n.TJaCTIIHl1a-
Toro Homa (KOJIeH1:IaTOrO TlfIIa) C Y3KOH: II.J.eJIblO
,J.1H Haca.lI.a HOLKa Ha YTOJIlI1.eHHoM If pacllIlipeH.
HOM KOHQe; npoTIiBOnOJIO}KHbIH KOHell. PYKOHTH
ynJIOlllea Ii CY>KeH. PYK051Tb OpHa'1eHnlpOBaHa
 ,
Ha O):{HOU CTOPOH€ f.JYOOKHMH nOrrepelIHbUIH Ha.

108
QACTb 1. IICTOPIIH IICC.TIE.:r;(>BAHIiH II XPOHO:rorJm nAMR.THHHOB
Cel1KaMII. ll.TIHHa 113.lI.e.'lIiH 11.5 CM, lllHpliHa
2.2 CM; .a.1HHa IIl.e.;-:U! 2 CM (pHC. 13).
blIH3Ka K BbIllleOTIliCaHHOM no <pop:\Ie BTopaH
KOCTHHaH PYKOHTb (60-2573).
B HHBeHTape CTOHHKll, COCTOHBllleM 113 Kepa-
MHKII, KaMeHHbIX II KOCTHHbIX H3;r.e.TIHH, oc060
"..
BbI.lI.e.TIHeTCH O;l.HO Me;I;Hoe H.'lll OpoH30Boe H3lI.e-
.TIlIe, o6HapYJKeHHOe B BepxHe:\I C.'IOe (60-2586),
" 'J
npelI.CTaB.TIHIOI..U.ee cooon TOHKoe KplOl1KOBHlI.HO
li30rHVToe oCTplIe.
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20 CM Hac.TIOeHIIH II.TIll HeT, B Ka}K..a.OM 113 3TllX
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nJIeKC XI CJIOH eCTb He «paHHIIH» HeOJIIiT THna
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HbIM .lI.JIH Hero IIlTIII<pOBaHHeM KaMHH, a TaK}Ke,
O'IeBII.II.HO, II C KepaMll1:leCKHM npOH3BO.lI.CTBOM,
co CTO.TIb xapaKTepHbIMIi Bem.aMH, KaK pbI60.TIOB-
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H.'1H paHHe-Heo.TIIITlitIeCKHM Kom.TIeKCa 3anaJI,a,
I G. Mer h art. Neuere Literatur fiber die Steinzeit
Sibiriens. Wiener Prahistor. Zeitschr., XI, 1924, CTp.
144-147.
109
1 Ha.llltIHe COCTaBHDro KplO1JKa B «paHHe-HemIllTll1JecKoM
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(f. n. Co C HOB C K Jf it na.1JeOJIHTHIJeCKlle CTOHHKll Ce-
Bepaoli ASHR, CTp. 203).

110
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(CTp. 200).

114
tJACTb I. HCTOPHH HCCJIEOBAHnH II XPOHO.'IOrIiH TIAMHTIIIU\OB
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115
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MHH, B TaKOM nOHHMaHIIH, HBJIHIOIll.IIMCH CHHOHH-
MOM 31IeOJIHTa. K 3TOMY }Ke nepllO.lI.Y OTHOCSITCH
H H3.lI.eJIIiH 113 IIIJIHcpOBaHHoro HecppHTa».2
TIpH TaKIiX B033peHHHX Ha B03paCT ;J.peBHHX
norpe6eHHH I1pH6aHKaJIbH H Ha OCHOBaHIiH JI
HX ,lI,aTllpOBKII HeJIb3H 6bIJIO npll,naBaTb 60JIb-
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I f. n. Co C HOB C K H fl. .lJ.peBHeflllIHe C.lIe.ll.bl CKOTOBO.'1-
CTBa B TIpH6aflKaJIbe. H3il. fAHMK, BblII. 100, 1934,
C1'p. 218.
2 f. ct>. JI e 6 e l.{. AHI'}JoIIOJIOrHtJ:ecKHH COCTaB HaCe..'IeHHH
npH6aAK3JlbSl B 3IIOXY II03,lUJero Heo.nHTa, CTp. 9.
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«KYJIbType».
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116
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\
118
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2 KaMeHHbIA BeK B CH6upu. JtI3B. pro, T. XIX, 1884,
CTp. 346-347.
rJIABA IV. ABCOJIlOTHAf.I XPOHO.."IOrH.H nAMRTHHHOB HEOJIHTA
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1 B. K. A p C e H b e B. J1eJl.HUKOBbIH nepHOJl. H nepBO-
6bITHoe HaCe.I1eHHe BOCTOQHOH Cu6npH. 3an. Bna!{HBocT.
OTJl.en. pro, T. III (XX), BNn. 2. Bna.u.HBocTOK. 1929,
CTp. 273-296.
119
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a TaK>Ke HH,rr.eHll.bI ceBepo-3arla1I.HOfO n06epe}KbH
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ynoTpe6JIHJIIi leTa.llJIa, HO, 01I.HaKO, ynoTpe6,,'le-
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}KaJIa, no ero CJIOBaM, n03.lI.HeH, MO}KeT 6bITb,
JlOXOL{HmeM BnJIOTb ..u.o XVII B., CTa,lI.IIH IIX Ka-
MeHHoro neKa. 1 TaKHM 06pa30M, HeCMOTp5I Ha
J G. G r e win g k. Eine ostsibirische Graberstatte des
Steinalters. Sitzungsber. der Gelehrt. Esthn. - Gesellsch.,
4/16 November 1881, Dorpt, 1882, CTp. 189-212.

120
tJACTb I. HCTOPHR HCClE;10BAHIIH II XPOHO.7IOrIiR IIA "\-IHTHlH\OiJ
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121
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...
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:\leHHaH H C.lll1ll1KOM .TIerKOi\ibICJIeHHaH Y}Ke C
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KOB CII6Hpli Ha OCHOBe cxeMbI MOHTeJUlyca.
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rapT H HeKOTopbIe .lI.pyrHe 3anaIl,HbIe apXeOJIOrH,
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cpepHeH «ceBepo-eBponeMcKoro KYJIbTypnoro
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CKYIO tIaCTb POCCHII, cI>HHJIHH.lI.HIO II BOCTOl1HYlO
n PYCCHIO.
rJIaBHbIH 3JIeMeHT MaTepHaJIbHOM KYJIbTypbI
...
3Toro Kpyra - rpeOeHl1aTaH Kepa:\1HKa, KOTopaH
pacnpOCTpaHHeTCH C aJIeKOrO 3anaa Ha BOCTOK
II ):{OCTliraeT 3,J.eCb «B nO.TIHOH CII"Ie» 6eperOB
EHHceH. 3ana;r.HaH rpe6eH"!IaTaH KepaMHKa. TIH-
weT MeprapT. }J.QCTHraeT TaK}Ke H 6eperOB EaM-
KaJIa, HO KaK ;r,aJleKO Ha BOCTOK YXO.n..IIT «rpeoeH-
llaTbIH MOTHB» B opHaMeHTtiKe r'IHHHHbIX 113)J.e-
16 OR."'IaHHKOB A. II.
I J. A i I i o. Fragen der russischer Steinzeit. S.1Yi\,
XXIX, 1932, CTp. 15-24.
.
."Inti eIl1.e COBce:\1 HeH3BeCTHO. B cOnpOBO}K.D..eHHH
rpe6eHl1aTOH Kepa:\HlKlI nOHB.1HIOTCSI B CH6HPII,
no ero CJIOBaM, II 3anaJI.HbIe THnbI KaMeHHblX
BE'IUeii. 1I:\lelOIIl.lIe napa1.1e..l11 l1aCTbIO B ceBepHoM
Poccmf H.i1H cI>UH.JHHAlIlI, a l1aCTbIO Ha YpaJIe.
TaKOBbI, HanplI-Iep, TeC.TJa PyccKo-Kape.TJbCKOrO
nma, KpliBocnlIHHbIe >Ke.TI0611aTble Tec..la C
OCTpbIM Will TynbI:\-1 06YXO:\<I, oc06ble Ma..leHbKlIe
.J.O.TIOTlI.a «pHHCKoro nma, TonOpOBH.lI.HbIe cKpe6JIa
C OHOCTopoHHeM IIII .Il.BYCTopOHHeH: 06pa60Toft,
IllHcpepHble CTep}KeHbKH .lI.JIH pbI60.'10BHbIX KplOtI-
KOB, !<aMeHHaH peTYIIlHpoBaHHaSi cpHrypKa nTHlI.LI
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HbIX BceM l1eTbIpe nepHo;r.aM CKaH;I:IIHaBCKoro
HeOJIHTa mo THnoJIorH1:IecKoM cxeMe 10HTeJIIIyca.
BeIll.H ,n,peBHlIx cpOp:\l, KaK, HanpliMep, TOHKO-
... ...
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HIiIO C 3ana,J.0;\1.
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pa HHe-l\IeTaJI.TIII1:IecKoM aHpoHoBCKOfI Kep aMIiKoH
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HeOJIHT npe;r.cTaB.TJHeT COOOH He TOJIb'KO ««palI.HlO

122
TJACTb I. IICTOPIIH IICCnE;(OBAHIiR II XPOHOJIOrIDI nAMRT"dHROB
r.ilABA IV. ABCOmOTHAR XPOHO.1JOrHR nAMHTHIIKOB HEOJIHTA
123
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onperr.eJIeHHO Bblpa3HJI 06lIlHe ,UJIf{ Hero II Mep-
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orrepeTbCH B ,lIaTHpOBKe .rraMHTHHKOB CHOHpCKoro
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KepaMHKH, rrpOHCXO,lIHmHM, no HX MHeHlllO, 113
EBponbI H .npHHeceHHbIM. oTTy.lI.a B CII6Hpb m-
rpall.1I0HHOH BOJIHOH.
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cpaBHHBaJI C KIITaMcKoH HeoJIHTHl1ecRoM KepaMII-
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a TaKLKe C HeOJIHTII1:IeCKOH RepaMHKOH 51noHcKHx
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JIO:\f, TaK KaK CqllTaJI OTKpbITbIM KopeHHoM
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MeHTbI Ha BocToKe .lI.OJI}KHbI 6bIJIH CVmeCTBOBaTb
C 60JIbIIIHM 3an03.n:aHlIeM. 2 
MbI BbIHY}K.rr.eHbI nOKa OCTaBHTb B CTopOHe BO-
npoc 0 TO:\-f, KaKHe K}'JIbTypHble 06JIaCTli B .n.eH-
CTBIITeJIbHOCTH cymecTBOBaJIH B HeOJIHTH1:IeCKOe
BpeMSI Ha KooccanbHWX TepplITopllHX BOCTOHOH
EBponbI, 3ana.J.HoM II BOCT01:lHOH CH6HPH, a TaK-
)Ke lI.aJIbHerO BOCTOKa II IOrO-BOCTO'lHOll A3lln
,
H B KaKOM OTHorneHIIII Haxo.u.HJIHCb HOCIIT1J1I
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TeJIH:\! .nPyrllx o.!I.HoBpe!\1eHHWX KYJIbTYP coce.u.-
HHX 06JIacTeM H CTP3H, .sonpoc, C TaKHf JIerKO-
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CTaBHTeJIH1I HeMell.KOH 6YP}Kfa3HoM apxeoJIo-
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.zr;YeT Bce-TaKH, YKa3aTb, lITO 06Ill.He nocTpoeHHH
3rnx apxeo.1JOrOB, Bblpa}KaBIlIIIX B CBOHX pa6a-
Tax pea.KUIIOHHbIe H.n.eH, Hepa3pbIBHO CBH3aHHble
C paOBOH TeopHeM H HMnepHaJIHCTH1:IeCKOH npaK-
TIIKOH rocno.n;CTBYIOlIlHX KJIaCCOB KanHTaJIHCTH-
qeCKOM fepMaHHH, H OCHOBaHHble' Ha 3THX nOCT-
poeHIIHX l1aCTHbIe BbIBO;l:bI, KacaIOmHeCH orrpe;r.e-
JIeHHH B03paCTa HeOJIHTH1:IeCKHX . naMHTHIiKOB
Cn6HplI, He Bbl,lIep}KIIBaIOT HHKaKOH KPHTHKH II
JIeI'KO MorYT ObITb onpOBeprHYTbI q,aKTaMH.
TaKoe r.py6oe paCtlJIeHeHne HHBeHTapH HeOJlH-
THqeCKHX na!HTHIiKOB CH611pII Ha ,UBa P33.J1IP.I-
HbIX B KopHe pacoBo-KYJIbTypHbIX KO:\-fllJIeKCa Ha
OCHOBaHHII cpopMaJIbHO-TIITIOJIOrH1:IeCKOrO aHaJIH3a
OT.neJIbHWX 06'beKTOB, 'BbIpBaHHbIx H3 UeJIoro
.1. q. Mer  art. Nuere Literatur tiber die Steinzeit
Slbmens. Wiener Prahist. Zeitschr., XI, fac. 2, 1924,
C.Tp. 144-147; 0 H }f{ e. Sibirien. Neolithikum. Reallexikon
acT Vorgeschichte, XII.
2. O. r-.  a    r t. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der jungerel'!
Stem:elt !n Slb l nen. _ Studien zur vorgeschichtlichen
Archaologle. Alfred Gotze zu seinem 6O-te Geburtstage
dageracht yon Kollegen, Freunden und SchiiIern.
Lelpzlg, 1925.
KOMnJIeKCa, 113 06meii CBH3H, OTOpBaHHbIX OT HX
06mero 6a311Ca B X03HMcTBeHHo:\1 6bITY II 3KOHO-
MHKe, 6bIJIO He06xoJJ,HMo MeprapTY H raH.rr.epTY
,lIJIH 060CHOBaHliH HX TeH,lIeHlI.II03HWX nOJIO.>KeHIIH
o HaJIUl1lIH .!I.BYX HCXOJJ:HbIX KYJIbTypHbIX KpyroB H
o 1\mrpaUIIHX, KaK cpopMax CBH31I :\Ie.>K;l:Y HIIMH n
rJIaBHbIX npHqH.Hax BCeX 113:\1eHeHHll B Ky..'IbType.
B .lI.eMCTBIITe.JlbHOCTH 1Ke, Ka.K CBH.J.eTe..'IbCTBYIOT
HaJIHl1HWe 061I,,'IbHble :\-faTeplla...lbI, HeO'IHTHl1eCKlIe
na:\HITHHKII BOCTOqHOii CH6IIpII 1I:\:lelOT BnOJIHe
CaMOCTOHTeJIbHbIM xapaKTep II, He HCK.lllOl1aH pa3-
Ho06pa3HbIX KYJIbTypHbIX cBH3eM, B3alI:\lO:r:eMCT-
BHH nJIelVIeH, OTpa.>KalOT ca:\f06bITHbIM KOHKpeTHO-
HCTOpHqeCKIiH npOll.eCC, a He :\fexaHH1:IeCKOe \ Ha-
CJIOeHHe .i1.pyr Ha .J.Pyra «pac» II «KYJIbTYP». no-
3TOMY BbIBO,il,bI A MoilHO , faH!I.epTa II 1\'leprapTa 0
XpOHO.1JOrHII cII6IIpCKOrO HeOJIHTa B J{OpHe no-
p01:lHbI H 1.J.OJI.>KHbI 6bITb nOJ1HOCTblO or6pOllIeHbI,
He rOBopH Y.>Ke 0 TO:\I, l1TO HOBbIe COBeTCKIIf'
HCCJIe.n:OBaHIIH Booome COBepIIIeHHO 113MeHHIOT
rrpe!I.CTaBJIeHIIH 0 xapaKTepe HeOJIHTHl1eCKHX na-
MHTHIIKOB CIIOHplI H HX B03paCTe.
OC06bIM HHTepec .II.JIH HaIIIeM Te:\fbI HMeIOT
B3rJIH.IT.bI TaKoro BbI.lI.alOIll.erOCH II rJIy60Koro 3Ha-
TOKa apxeoJIOrHqeCKHX naMHTHIiKOB COBeTCKoro
COI03a, KaKIH'I 6bIJI B. A. fOpO.LI.1I.0B. B OCUOB-
HbIX CBOIIX pa6oTax, nOCBHIll.eHHbIX norpe6eHHHf
paHHeH CTa,lIHII 6pOH30Boro BeKa Ha lOre POCCHII,
a TaKlKe B 06mHx apXeOJIOrlll1eCKIiX cBOKax
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na KIITOHCK,IIX H rJIa3KOBCKIIX norpe6eHHHX npll-
6aHKaJIbH, cpaBHIIBaSI nx C naMHTHIIKaMn IOlKHbIX
o6JIacTeM EBponeMcKoM l1aCTH CCCP.
Eme B 1907 r. OH )'IKa3bIBa.rI, HanplI:\fep, Ha
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IIIHXCH .u.pyr C .lI.pyrOM. «3TOT KOCT5IHOM KplO-
qOK. - IIHca.TI B. A. fopO.lI.ll.OB, - KaK COCTaBHOH,
YKa3bIBaeT TaK.>Ke Ha pO.lI.CTBeHHYIO CBH3b ero C
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«B caMO:\1 pacnOJIO)KeHHH BeIll.eM IIPII nOKoM-
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KOCTHKOB, no 3a:\'fel1aHIiIO BIITKOBCKoro, HaM!I.eHO
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,.
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.>KaJIa C JIeBOll CTOpOHbI 1:Iepena, a KaMeHHbIM TO-
11llJIbHbIll 6pyc - C npaBoM CropOHbI». «TaKH:\f
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npH3HaKoB KIITOHCKIIX norpe6eHlIM C HfHbnm,-
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O!I.HY 06JIaCTb OT .lI.pyroM, norpe6eHIIH .u.oKa3w-
BalOT 0 [JOJIOLKHTeJIbHOM CBH3H HX .zr.peBHeMrnliX
0611TaTeJIeM. B HaCTOHIll.ee BpeH 3Ta CBH3b ;r.JIH
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pi13'bSICHeHlle ee He rrpe.rr.CTaBIIT 3aTpy,rr.HeHHH».1
TaKH:\f 06pa30M, KHToMcKHe rrorpe6emm
B. A. fOpO.ll.ll.OBbIM 6bIau .zr.aTlIpOBaHbI Ha1:la.TIbHOM
..
3TIOXOH MeTaJIJIa llJIH na.ileO:\leTa.TIJIlIl1eCKIiM neplIo-
JI.OM ero K.TIaCCII<pIIKall.lIlI.2 TI03.lI.Hee OH lI.a.TI II
60JIee onpe.ae.TIeHHYIO .lI.aTlIpOBKY HX He TOJIbKO
..
B npe.lI.eJIax OTHOCHTeJIbHOH XpOHOJIOrIIH, HO H B
a6COJIIOTHbIX .u.aTax. B CBoeR CLKaTOll CBO;IKe
o KYJIbTypax 6pOH30BOro BeKa Ha TeppHTopHH
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Ky'JIbTYPOH Ha EHIIcee H YlKe He C HMHOH, a
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n:aTHpOBaoil IIX, TaK .>Ke KaK KIITORCKYIO KYJIbTYPY,
III TbICHl1eJIeTlIeM .u.o H. 3. 3
B Kal1eCTBe OCHOBaHHH ,.!:lJIH TaKoM .zr.aTHpoBKH
B. A. fopo.lI.ll.OB BbI.lI.BHraJI Tenepb KpyrJIOlJ.OHHYIO
rmIHHHYIO nocy.n:y H «neC1:IaHIiKOBbIe JIHTeHHble
ct>OP.:\-IbI, CXQ)Klle C acpaHacbeBcKHMII». «KaKoBo
6w HH 6bI..'I0 HX Ha3Ha1:leHHe, - nlicaJI 0 nOCJIen-
HUX B. A. rOp02I.1I.0B, - Ba.>KHO TO, 1:ITO 3TH
xapaKTepHwe npe.!l.:\ieTbI nO:\lOralOT onpe.u.eJIeHlllO
..
BpeMeHII lIe.1JOBbIX CHOIlIeHHH pa3HbIX, HHor.rr.a
BeCb:\la OT.zr.aJIeHHbIX KYJIbTypHbIX 06JIaCTeH; TaK,
OHH HaHl{eHbI B 06JIaCTHX KaTaKo:\16HoM, Cpe.l{He-
llHenpOBCKOM H cpaTbf{HOBCKM KYJIbryp; HO eIll.e
1 B. A. r 0 p 0 11.ll 0 B. Pe3y.1JbTaTbl apxeo.1JOrnQeCKHX
Hcc.1Je.rr.oBaHHH B EaXMYTcKOM ye3;J:(' EKaTepHHOCJIaBCKOH
ry6epHHH 1903 r. Tp. XIII ApxeoJI. C"be3Aa, M., 1907,
CTp. 217-219, 247.
2 B. A.. r 0 p 0 A II 0 B. llepB06b1THaH apXeOJIOrHSI. M.,
1908, CTp. 383--384.
3 B. A. r 0 p 0 Jl. II 0 B. EpOH30BblH BeK Ha TepPI!TOpHH
CCCP. Eo.1JblllaSi COB. 3HIUlKJIOneJJ.HH (B JJ.aJIbHeUllleM:
EC3), T. 7, 1927, CTp. 615, 623.
16*
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,ilpyrllM npIl3HaKa.J K III TbICHl1e.leTHIO»}
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npOHIIKIIIero He TOJIbKO 1:Iepe3 BCIO POCCHIO, HO H
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nep e .rr. aT0 1:lHOR IIHCTaHlI.IIH».2
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JIoLKeHHM fopO!I.ll.OBa, TeeHO CBH3aHHblX C ero
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,.
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,. ,.
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THBOpel1HH B CTapbIX H HOBbIX ,.J,aTHpOBKax II pa3-
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" ,.
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plIlO XpoHoJl0rHl1ecKHx B3aHMooTHoIIIeHIIll KYJIb-
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HOM EBpOTI bI. JI106onbITHo, O.l{HaKO, OTMeTHTb
1 TaM )Re, CTp. 615.
Z B. A. r 0 p 0 .lI. II 0 B. KY.'IbTYPbl 6pOH30BOH 3nOXH B
-CpeJl.HeH POCCHH. OTlleT POCCHHCK. I1CTOp. MY3eSl 38
1914 r., M., 1:916, CTp. 219, 222--223.
3 B. A. r 0 p 0 All 0 B. YpTYHCKaSi MHKpO.1JHTH1JeCKaH
CTOHHKa B 6acceHHe p. AMypa. COB. apxeoJlonm, I, 193..=).
CTp. 105--112.

124
QACTb I. IICTOPHH IICC.TJE;10BAHII1l H XPOHO.TJOrIiR nA:.\"IllTHI1ROB
rlABA IV. AECOJIIOTHAH XPOHO.iIOnlil nAMHTHHROB HEOJIHTA
125
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He MorYT 6bITb ll.eJIliKOM npIlHHTbI. Ii HeKOTO-
pbIe cTapble ,AOBO)J.bI B. A. fopo,n:1I.0Ba, TaK KaK
B OCHOBY HX o;r:HHaKono nOJIO}KeHbI cpopi\1a..lbHo-
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6e3 BHYTpeHHeH HX CBH31I C lI.e..lbDI. TaK, HanplI-
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nOToMY lITO TaK Ha3bIBaeMble «JIHTeHHbIe cpOp:.\lbI»
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a no «ceTKe» OTHeceH 6bIJI 6bI B. A. f 0P0,IT.ll.OBbUI
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no;r:oIIlen K )J.aTHpOBKe CH6IIpCKOrO HeOJIHTa He
OT CJIYl1aHHbIX Haxo;r:OK, a OT TOl1HO onpe)1.eneH-
HbIX MOrHJIbHbIX KOmJIeKCOB, H l1TO 1IleHHO OH
"
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1lI0e BJIUS:rHHe H Ha .nPYTHX HCCJIe,n:OB8TeJIeH-
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naMHTHHKOB paHHeM 6pOH3bI HHYCHHCKoro
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6emdi IlpH6aMKaJIbH, B HepBbIX CBOIIX pa60Tax
II C. B. KHCeJIeB, KOTOpbIH B 1928-1929 rr.
Cl1llTaJI npaBHJIbHbIM c;r:eJIaHHOe B. A. fopo.lI.ll.o-
BbIM «conOCTaBJIeHHe acpaHacbeBcKoM KYJIbTYpbI
B ll.eJlO:.\f C KaTaKoM6HoM H ceBepo-KaBKa3CKoH
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KaTaKoM6Horo THna.
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acpaHaCbeBCKoro Bpei\feHH, C. B. KlIceneB c6JIII-
1KaJI no Bpe:\-leHH C rJIa3KCBCKHMII norpe6eHHHMH.
IloCJIelI.HHe }Ke, no ero MHeHllIO, 6bIJIH no Bpe-
I 6C3, T. 7, CTp. 624-625. - Cp.: A. M. T a 11 g r e 11.
Some North-eurasian sculptures. Eurasia SeptentrionaIis
Antiqua (ESA), XII, 1938, CTp. 131.
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ero norpe6eHH5IX KOTJbIl.a:\1 113 6eJIoro HecpPHTa,
rJIa3KOBCKHM MorlI..1bHIIK CHHXpoHH311pyeTcH co
BpeMeHeM pacnpocTpaHeHIIH ceHMHHcKHX THnOB.
K 3TOMY }Ke BpeMeHH OTHOCHTC5I II nOJIHOe pa3-
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nHCaJI, lITO Ha OCHOBaHIiH HeKoTopbIX THnHl1eCKHX
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KH), TaK>Ke Ha OCHOBaHHII ,ZI.aTbI CMeHSIIOIll.IIX ee
aHllpoHoBCKHX naMSITHHKOB, acpaHacbeBcKaH
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JIeTHH )1.0 H. 3.).
B paHOHe KpaCHOHpCKa, no CJIOBaM C.. B. KII-
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CTBYIOT norpe6eHHH Ha AcpoHTOBOM rope, Y .!J.alIlI
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foc. MY3eH HM. H. M. MapTbHHOBa B r. MHHycHHcKe,
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2 C. B. K H C e JI e B. COBeTCKaH apxeO.'10rHH CHOHpH
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3 C. B. K II C e .'1 e B. K Bonpocy 0 KY.lbType .npeI3HeH-
rnero .eBponeOH;J;HOrO HaCeJIeHHH CHOHpH. B.D:H, 1948, 1,
CTp. 169-170.
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Ke..lb. 6YPHTHeBe.neHHe, I-II (9-10). BepxHcYJJ.HHCK, 1'929.

126
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127
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Ta6JI. I, pHC. 20; 0 H >K e. JJ.peBllHe norpe6ellHH B MHHY-
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aHJlpOHOBCKHX naMHTHHKOB. BeJI.b TOJIbKO K HHM
wrYT 6bITb 6JIH3KII n03JI.HHe acpaHaCbeBCKlie
n lvllIHYCIIHCKOM Kpae».2
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He n03.l1.Hlle, a Hao60pOT, Hau60JIee apXaH1:IeCKHe,
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rrOJIHOCTbIO nepeHecTH 'HX B 60JIee n03.lI.Hee BpeMH
no cpaBHeHHIO c acpaHacbeBcKHMII naMHTHHKaMH,
HYLKHO 6bIJIO 6bI, 01:leBH.lI.HO, npe)I.CTaBHTb KaKHe-
TO BeCKlIe cpaKTbI, KOTOpbIX Y Hac HeT.
I C. B. I( H C e '1 e B. JJ.peBIISIH HCTOpHSI IO>KHOH CH6HpH.
MaTep. H HCCJIeJl.. no apxeO.'10rIiH CCCP, .N'2 9. 194ft
2 TaM >Ke, crp. 38.
I M. n. r p SI 3 HOB. l(a3axcTaHCKliI1 otJar 6poH30BOH
KYJIbTypbl, CTp. 160, pHC. 6, 11-13.
2 C. B. K H C e JI e B. MaTepHaJIbJ apxeo..'lOTntJeCKOH
3Kcne.n:HI!HH B MHHYCHHCKHH KpaH, CTp. 25, 26.
3 TaM >Ke, crp. 26-27. - Cp.: A. V. S chIn i d t. Die
I(urgane der Staniza I(onstantinovskaja. ESA, IV, 1929.
..
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KOp01:le HX II Y}Ke B 1I.HaMeTpe. 3TO - COBceM
.u.pyrHe 6YCbI. OHH TOJIbKO nO:D.TBepLK,rr.aIOT, qTO
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B CBH3H C BonpOCOM 06 OTHomeHIIII rJIa3KOB-
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ony6JIHKOBaHHbIH M. H. KO)"IapoBOM, He HMeeT
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TaHHH ero HHble - 3HaQHTeJIbHO 60JIee nJIaBHbIe.
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nepeLKHl'OK OOJIee ,!I.peBHero TlIna, a He ROBbIH
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TeXHHKe OH BXO.lI.IIT He -B rpynny .lI.peBHeMmHx
nJIaCTIIHl1aTbIX HOLKeM, T. e. HOLKeM TOHKHX,
co cTporo napaJIJIeJIbHbr:MII nJIOCKHMII nOBepx-
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3peJIOM KYJIbTYPbI 6poH30Boro BeKa, KOTopble OT-
.l'mqalOTCH OT 60JIee .lI.peBHIIX cBoell MaCCHB-
HOCTbIO, YTOJilll.eHHOH cepe.lI.HHoM II BbmYKJIbIMH
nOBepxHocTHMII.
B EBponeMcKoiI 1:IaCTH CCCP HaH60JIee 6JIH3-
Koe K n03)1.HeMlIl1iM rJIa3KOBCKIIM HO}KaM C qepeH-
KaMII H3.lI.eJIHe  HO}K H3 JIeBIIIIIHCKOM CTOHHKH,
ony6JIIIKOBaHHbIH A. B. IIIMH.lI.TOM, XOTH OH H OT-
.TIII1JaeTCH OT HHX 60JIee Y.lI.JIIIHeHHbIM 1:IepeHKOM, He
OT.lI.eJIeHHbIM OT KJIHHKa nJIel1lIKaMH C KPYTbIM
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IIIHHCKHH HO}K A. B. llIMII.lI.T CQIlTaJI npe.lI.MeTOM
IIMnopTHoro npOIlCXO)K.lI.eHHH H3 CTenHbIX paiIo-
I M. H. I( 0 Map 0 B a. norpe6eHHSI OKYHeBa YJIyca.
COB. apXeOJIOrHSI, IX, 1947, CTp. 50, pHe. 3. 4.

128
qACTb I. HCTOPIIR IICClE,J,OBAHII.H II XPOHO.l0rIIR rrAr\'1.HTHIiROB
r}IABA IV. ABCOlIOTHAH XPOHO.l0l'1I.H rrA:V1.HTHlliWB HEOJIIiTA
129
HOB, C.lI,eJIaHHbIM no eIll.e 60JIee D;a.,'1eKIIM IO:>KHbIM
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nOBIIJI.HMOMY, II TeXHII1:IeCKH, HaM..'I.en 'B 01J,HOM 113
MOrHJI aCCllpHMCKoro ropo.J.a AIIlypa, KOTOpbIH
.lI. aTlI pyeTC5I 3lIOXOM OKOJIO 2300 r. AO H. 3. I
DJIH3KHM K 3TOlY BpeMeHIi, OKOJIO 2500 r. ;1.0
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Me.lI.HbIX HOLKeH H3 Gada11a II Bo"drogkerestur
npHHa)(JIe1KaT K .lI.peBHeHIIlIL\1 H3.!l€.J1HHM 3Toro
THna B EBporre II, no MHeHlI10 BeHrepCKIIX apxeo-
'10rOB, HBJIHIOTCH TOl1HbDIH nOlI.pa:>KaHIIH1II n03.lI.-
He-HeOJIHTHl1ecKIIM KpeMHeBbIM HO}KaM. TI03AHee
nOHBJIHIOTCH HO}KH C He60JIbIIlIIMH, HO XOpOIIIO
BbIpa}KeHHbIlVIH, qepeHKaMIi (113 Istvanhaza H
Dombegypaza), B KOTOpbIX Y:>Ke CKa3bIBaeTC5I
nepexoll. OT no.rr.pa}KaHHH npocTbIM KaIeHHbIM
HO}KaM '.K THnalVI 6poH30Boro BeKa. 3 A. A. 11ecceH
TOtIHO TaK }Ke YKa3bIBaeT, 1:ITO B na-IHTHHKaX
paHHe-Ky6aHcKoM rpynlIbI - MaMKonCKO:\1 KYP-
raHe, HaJIb1:lHKCKHX KypraHax 1922 H 1928 rr.,
a TaK}Ke B KypraHe Ha ytIaCTKe 311ccepMaHa
1920 r., KOTopbIe OH OTHQCHT K 2300-1700 rr.
AO H. 3., - OCHOBHbIM THnOM MeTaJIJIH'IleCKHX
KIIH:>KaJIOB IIJIII ,n:BYXJIe3BIIHHbIX H01KeH HBJIHIOTCfl
nJIOCRHe 6eCl1epeHKOBbIe HO}KII. TaKHe HO}KH
HBJIHIOTCH B paHHe-Ky6aHCKOH: rpynne apXaHtIe-
CKHM 3JIeMeHTOI\I IIHBeHTapH, B TO BpeMH KaK l1.JI/f
60JIee n03JI.HHX naMHTHIiKOB npHKy6aHbH TII-
n 111:1 HbI Y:>Ke KHH}KaJIbI H HO}KII C DOJIee pe3Ko
Bblpa}KeHHbIl\I 1:IepeHKoM. 4
I1pocTeMWlle JIHCTOBILlI.Hble HO}KH 6e3 3aKJIerrOK
II 6e3 1:IepeHKa xapaKTepHbI TaK:>Ke .!1.JIH ceBepHoA
1 A. B. ill M H J1. T. CTOSlHKa Y CTaH!!HH JIeBIllHHO. COB.
apXeOJlOfHSI, V, 1940, CTp. 25-26.
2 A. M. T a II g r e n. La Ponti de prescythique apres
l'introduction des metaux. ESA, II, 1926. - Jeno Hi I-
I e bra n d. Das friihkupferzeitliche Graberfeld von
Pusztaistvanhaza. Archaeologia Hungarica, 1929, IV.
CTp. 31-33.
3 Jeno Hill e bra n d. Das kupferzeitliche Graberfe1rl
von Pusztaistvanhaza. Wiener Prahist. Zeitschr., XIII,
1926. - A. V. S c h mid t. Die Kurgane der Staniza
I(onstantinovskaja. ESA, IV, 1929. - B. JI. B 0 r a e B-
C K H H. TeXHHKa nepBo6bITHO-KOMMYHHCTHQeCKoro 00-
ll.{ecTBa. HcropHSl TeXHHKH, T. 1, tlaCTb 1. Tp. HHCT.
HCTOpHH HayKH H TeXHHKH, cepHSl IV, I3blll. 1, M.-..1.,
1936, CTp. 319-321; 0 H }K e. Opy.rr.HSI npOH3BO!I,CTBa II
JlO}laIllHHe }KHBOTHbIe TpHnoJlbSi. JI., 1937, CTp. 102,
pHC. 52.
4 A. A. H e C C e H. I( XpOHO.l0fHH «OO.TJblliHX KyoaHcKHx
KypraHOB». COB. apxeO.10ntsJ, XII, CTp. 165, 172; 0 H }K e.
I( Bonpocy 0 J1.peBHeHIlleH MeTaJlJlyprHH MeJ1.H Ha KaBKa3e.
H3B. r AHMK. BbIn. 120, CTp. 83-84.
If cpe;:J:HeM EBponbI. TaKoB, HanpH{ep, HOm 113
H3BeCTHOro K..laa B Bygholm (L{aHHH), 06Hapy-
:>KeHHblii BIeCTe C rrJIOCKH:\IH Iv1e.lI.HbnlH TOnOpaMH
II CnHpalbHbI:\Uf 6paC.neTaMH, Y;'lHBIITe.iIbHO 6.TIH3-
KIIH no <Pop Me K fJ[a3KOBCKII!\'l HO:>KaM. 1
AHaJIOrHl1Hblii nYTb pa3BUTHH .!I.peBHeHlIllIX
MeTaJIJIllqeCKHX HO:>KeM II KIIH:>KaJIOB OTMetIaeTCSI
II: .u,aJIee Ha lOre EBponbI, B Hcnamm, rll.e CHa-
l1aJIa nOHBJIHlOTCSI HO:>KII 6e3 3aK..1eOOK, a nOTOM
Y}Ke C 3aKJIerrKa:\IH.
113 BCero CKa3aHHoro CJIe.rr.yeT, 1:ITO rJIa3KOB-
CKlIe MeTa.ll.,llIl1eCKHe HOLKH 06eHX OCHOBHbix
<POpM - KaK 6e3 l1epeHKa, TaK 1I C l1epeHKO),{-
npHHa}J.JIe}KaT K 11llCJIY THnOJIorHl1eCKH .lI.peBHeM-
IIIHX 06pa311.0B. OTC 1O.rr. a He CJIe.rr.yeT, KOHe1:lHO,
tITO rJ1a3KOBCKue HO:>KH CJIe;J.yeT ;r.aTlipOBaTb TaK
}Ke, KaK aHaJIOrlll1Hble IlIO <pop:\.fe JIHCTOBII}J.Hble
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III TbICHl1eJIeTIiH .rI:0 H. 3.
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netIaTOK Tpa.II.Hl1.Hll IeCTHoro HeO"l11Ta H 6eccnop-
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I Konrad J a z dew ski. Kultura Puharow Lejkowa-
tych "\" Polsce Zachodnej i Srodkowej. Poznan, 1936, pHC.
1027, CTp. 425. J. E. For s san d e r. Der ostskal1dina-
vische l\orden wahrend der altesten Metallzeit Europas.
Lund, 1936, CTp. 7, 257.
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2 A. TI. 0 K l a J1. H H K 0 B. HeO.,lHTJfqecKHe norpeoeUHSl
Ha Aq>OHTOBOH rope. KpaTK. COOOW. I1HMK, XXV,
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Tp. . VII Apxeo.!J. C1>e3J1.a, I, 1902, CTp. 195. 197).

1M
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I G. And e r S son. The Children of Yellow Earth.
London, 1934. - G. And e r s son. Researches into
the Prehistorv of the Chinese. Bull. K 15,
The Mus. of. Far Eastern Antiquities, Stockholm, 1943,
CTp. 124-126.
2 G. And e r s son. Researches into the Prehistory of
the Chinese, Ta6.TJ. 74, 1.
3 TaM >Ke, Ta6n. 72, 3. 4.
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I A. n. KpYfJIOB, E. E. nHOTpOBCKHH H
f. B. no.u. r a e lI. K H H. MorHnbHHK B r. HaJIb'lHKe. Ma-
Tep. H HCCJIeJt. no apxeo.TJOrHH CCCP, N2 3, lVl.-Jl.,
1941, CTp. 112-113.
2 TaM >Ke, CTp. 116, 119.
3 TaM >Ke, CTp. 119.
17"
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I A. n. K p Y r II 0 B, 5. E. n HOT P 0 B C K H ii H
f. B. no Jt r a e lI. K H H, YK. CO-I., CTp. 125-126.
2 B. B. r 0 JI b M C T e H. norpe6eHHe H3 KpHBO.'1Y4bSI.
Co06m. fAI1MK, 6, 1931. CTp. 7-8, pHC. 10-11.
3 A. n. K p y r .'1 0 B, E. E. n HOT P 0 B C K H H, f. B.
n 0 Jl. r a e lI. K H H., yK. COlI., CTp. 114.
4 B. A. fop o.u.lI. 0 B. Pe3YJIbTaTbl apxeo."lOrHQeCKHX
ncc.ne.J.oBaHHH B EaxMYTCKoM Ye3J1.e, CTp. 227, 229.
5 Werner But tie r. Der DonauHindliche und der
westliche Kulturkreis der jiingeren Steinzeit. Handb. der
tJrgesch. Deutschl. herausgeg. von Ernst Sprockhoff,
Bd. 2, Berlin u. Leipzig, 1938, np. 51, pHC. 22, 1.-
Robert L a i s. Ein neolithischei Scheibenring von
Ungersheim. Achtunddreissigstes Jahrbuch der Schwei-
zeIischen Gesellschaft fUr Urgeschichte (Soc. Suisse de
Prehistorie), 1947, Frauendorf, 1948.
6 J. De c h e let t e. M.anuel d'Archeologie prehisto-
rique celtique et gallo-romaine, I, Paris, 1908, CTp. 521. -
J. A i Ii 0, YK. COil., CTp. 48.

i32
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1 Flinders Pet r i e. The Royal Tombs of the Earliest
Dynasties. Part II, 1900, London, 1901, Ta6.1J. XXXV.-
Cp.: D e C h e let t e, )TK. COq., CTp. 578, pHC. 221.
2 G. And e r s son. The CaveDeposit at Sha-Kuo-T'un
in Fengtien. Palaeontologia Sinika, sere D, vol. I,
fas. 1, Peking, 1923, crp. - 13--16; 0 H . >K e. An Early
Chmese Culture. BulL of the Geological Survey of
China, N 5, lIaCTb I, 1923, CTp. 27; 0 H >K e. Prehistory
of the Chinese, CTp. 149-152.
3 G. And e r s son. Prehistory of the Chinese,
crp. 252-253, pHC. 95.
4 J. Ail i o. Die steinzeitlichen Wohnplatzfunde in
Finnland. Th. L Helsmi6ors. 1909. CTD. 47-49.
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....
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,,'!OTOl1KaMH 06HapY}KeHbI 6bIJIH B HII>KHeM no-
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a TaK}Ke B Clf6Hpli. OCTpHe H3 .nep. PacnYTHHO
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coepIIIeHHO HeO>KHl(aHHbIl\I 06pa311.OA-f H3.lI.eJIHH;
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CTOJ1bKO onpe.n.eJIeHHa B 06Ill.llx ee llepTaX - C
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HbIM Ce1:leHHeM B BHe npaBHJIbHOrO Kpyra, C
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6.TIH30CTII 3Toro If3,n:eJIHH K apXaUl1eCKIiM IO}KHO-
PYCCKHM KOCTHHbIM 6YJlaBKaM.
npaB.n:a, K.OCTHHoe OCTpHe 113 :\lOrllJIbHHKa
Y .lI.ep. PacnYTIIHO COBepmeHHO rJIallKOe H JIHIIIe
HO opHaMeHTa, B TO BpeMSI KaK IO>KHbIe 6y-
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HbiM Y30POM reOMeTpH1:IeCKOrO xapaKTepa. O.II.HaKO
cpe,n:n pa3JIHl1HbIX KOCTHHbIX H3JI:.eJIIIH, c06paHHbIx
B 900-x rO)lax M. n. OB1:IMHHIIKOBbIM B fJIa3KOB-
CKOM :\WflWbHHKe H3 pa3pymeHHbIX norpe6e-
HIIM HeOJIHTII1:IeCKOrO BpeMeHII. eCTb oKpaIIIeHHoe
OXPOM aHTponoMopq>Hoe 11306pa}KeHHe, nOKpbIToe
TOHKHM Bpe3aHHbIl\'1 Y30POM, B TOl1HOCTH nOBTO-
1 B. A. fop 0 .n: I{ 0 B. Pe3y..1bTaTbl apxeOJIOmqeCKHX
HccneJJ:oBaHHH B 1131O}ICKOM ye3JJ:e. Tp. XII ApxeOJI.
C"be3.n:a, I, 1902, TaM. XI; 0 H >K e. KYJIbTyphl 6pOH30BOH
3nOXH B cpeilHeH POCCHH, CTp. 176-177. - c1>. A. 6 pay H.
OTIJeT 0 pacKonKax B TaBpnqecKofi ryo. B 1898 r. 113B.
ApXeOJI. KOMHCC., 19, 1906. - A. M. Tall g r e tn. La Pon-
tide prescythique a.pres I'introduction des metaux. Hel-
sinki, 1926, pHC. 38, I, 63, 3, 4, 5, CTp. 92-93. - 0 Ha.-
.'1HqHH KOCnJ:HhlX 6YJ"'IaBOK C MOnOTOqKaMH B HMHhIX norpe-
oeHHHX CM.: «113 HCTOpHH AOKanHTa..1HCTHQeCJ(HX clJoPMa.
l{HH. 113B. fAI1MK, X 100, M.-JI., 1931, CTp. 208-
209. - A. A. C n H I.{ bl H. KypraHbl C OKpallJeHHblMH
KOCTHKaMH.. 3an. PYCCK. ApxeoJl. 06llJ.., T. XI, Bbln. 1 H
2, HOB. cepHH:- Tp. OT.lle.n:. CJlaB. H pYCCK. apXeOJIOrHH,
KH. 4, CD6., 1889, CTp. 55, 66, 68, 69, 79, 92, 102, 110,
115, 124. .
2 A. M. T a II g r e 'n, yK. COlI. - cp.: Franz H a n car
Die NadeUormen des Kaukasusgebietes. ESA, XII,
CTp. 121-122. - Franz H an car. Urgeschichte Kauka.
siens von dem AnHi.ngen seiner Besiedelung bis m die
Zeit seiner friiheln Metallurgie. Wien, 1937, CTp. 273-275,
372-373. - P. D. R a u. Neue Funde aus Hockergrabern
des Wolga Gebiets. ESA, IV, 1929, cTp. 47-50; 113B.
rAI1MK, BhIn. 100, CTp. 209.
1 A. 51. E p 10 COB. I1cropHH .ltpeBHen KapeJIHH. Tp. foc.
I1cTOp. MY3eH, BhIn. IX, M., 1940. - M. E. «J> 0 C c. Heo-
JIHTHlIeCKHe KY.1Jbrypbl ceBepa EBponeHcKoH qa.CTH CCCP.
COB. apxeoJIorH5i, IX, 1947, cTp. 34.
2 M. E. c1> 0 C c. 0 jI,aTHpOBKax neonH ra no JJ:aHHblM
ecreCTBeHHblX JJ.HCI{HnJIHH. KpaTK. co06IU.. I1HMK, XVI.
1947, CTp. 12, pc. 1-
3 TaM 1Ke.
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60B. .5JIH3KHM no XapaKTepy pe3HOM opHaMeHT,
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OKa3aJICH H Ha 113BeCTHOM COBKOBII.[(HO)1 KIIH>KaJIe
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BpeMH H. 11. BHTKOBCKHM. 2 COBna.lI.eHHe cpOpMbI
KOCTHHoro OCTplIH H3 MOrliJIbI y .n.ep. PacnYTIIHO
C cpop:\olaMlI KOCTHHbIX 6YJIaBOK IOra POCCHH no.lI.-
TBep>K,lJ.aeTCH, CJ1e.n.OBaTeJIbHO, CXO,lI.CTBOM TaKoE
 .
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xapaKTepHbi.
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nOM nOJIoBJiHOM III TbICH1:IeJIenlH, Cpe.lI.HIOIO-
2300-1600 rr. .lI.0 H. 3., a n03.lI.HIOIO OCTaBH.TI 6e3
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Me.iKllY 1800 H ] 400 rr. CBOM BbIBO.lI.bI TaJIbrpeH
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KHH}KaJIOB H .i1parOll.eHHOCTen C CYMepHHCKHMH H
., "
paHHeMHHOHCKHMH naMHTHHKaMII, C O.lI.HOH CTO-
pOHbI, .lI.aTCKHMH, CIIJle3CKHMII H Cpe.lI.HeMliHOH-
CKHMH cpop.MaMII, - C .lI.pyroH. Co cBOeH CTOpOHbI
r. 1..}aHJIb.lI. YKa3aJI, 1:ITO, no ero MHeHHIO, m:potJHaH
CHHxpoHII3all.HH MO}KeT 6b1Tb .ZI.OCTHrHYTa He Ha
06Ill.eM Cxo.n;cTBe Me}K)J.y MecTHbIMII npO.lI.YKTaMH
I XpaoHTCH B I1PKyTCKOM MY3ee. .
2 H. 11. B H TKO B C K H H. I(paTKHH OTtleT 0 pacKoDKe
mrHJ1bI KaMeHHoro nepHo.na B I1pK)'TCKOH ry6epHHH. 113B.
BCOPfO, T. XI, NI! 3-4, HpKyTCK. 1881, Ta6JI. 3,
pHC. 3a H 36.
3 B. A. fop 0 11 I{ 0 B. I(YJlbTYPhl t5pOH30BOH 3nOXlt
B CpeJJ:Hefi POCCHH. OTtleT POccHHcKoro HCTOpOqeCKOrO
Y3eH 3a 1914 r., M. 1916, CTp. 176--177.
4 G. Chi I d c. The Chronological Position of the
South Russian steppe graves in Eeuropean prehistory.
Man, 1931. N!? 135.

134
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1900 ff. npl1 BceM TOM, OHl1 H B TaKO'i CJIYllae
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IHISI KHTOikKHX rraMflTHHKOB BOCTOIIHOIi CU6HpH C
norpe6eHHHMH paHHero 3Tarra 6pOH30Boro BeKa B
c ren5IX TIplillepHOMOpb5I B. A. rOpO,II.l1.0B cnpaBe.n.-
.umo OTMetJaJl TaK}Ke mHpOKO H3BeCTHbIe B apxe-
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}Ke..TlOOKOM Ha n..TlOCKOH CTopOHe, oOHapy*eHHbIe
I G. G h i Ide. The Antiquity of Nordic Culture.
\Vien. Beitrage zur Ku1turgesch. und Linguistic, Bd. IV,
1936, CTp. 525. - G. R 0 s e n b erg. Nye J6ttestuefund.
Aarboger for nordisk oldkyndighed og Historie,
Bd. III/19, Kjobenhavn, 1929, CTp. 189-262.
2 B nOJIb3Y Tmoro B3r.1UI.I1.a Ha .npeBHOCTb KOCTSlHbIX
6Y.:I8BOK lO}KHOpYCCKoro THn8 CBH.!t,eTe..1JbCTBYIOT HpanCKHe
Haxo.zurn B lllax-Tene. CM.: T. I. A r n e. Excavations at
Shah-Tepe, Iran. Reports from the Scientific Expeditidn
to the North-wester4n provinces of China under the
Jeadership of dr. Sven Hedin. The Sino-expedition;
p\1bHcation VII, An;haeology, 5. Stockholm, 1945.
H. H. .R HTKoBCKHM B KHTOMCKO:\:I MOI'HJIbHrlK£:
'fme «4>op:\fQqKH» 06bIKHoBeHHbI B kt2f{o{
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XOT5I B norpe6eHHSlX KHTOHCKoro 3Tana He HaH,Ite.
HO HeKOTopbIX YKpameHHii, THllHqHblX JI.JIH MapHY-
rrOJJbCKOrO l\IOrHJIbHHKa, OHH OKa3aJIHCb B Ilia.
Ryo-TYHe BMeCTe C ynoMllHaBllIHMHC5I BbIllie
);tpa)'topHbnm 6paCJIeTaMH, - TaKOBbl mapoBH,n.-
Hble 6YCbl C CBepJIeHHbnm oTBepCTH5IMH C60Ky.8
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1 \Verner But tIe r. Der DonauHindische und der
westIiche KuIturkreis der jiingeren Steinzeit. Handb. cler
Urgesch. DeutschJ., Bd. II, 1938, Tao.lI. 18, 10. - ABTOp
Ha3bIBaeT TaKHe 113,:I.e;IHSl «PfeilgHitter», XOTSl H YI\:a3b1.
Bae-r, lITO HX nO]{lHHHOe Ha3HaqeJiHe HeH3BecTHO.
2 M. M. a K ape H K O. MpiIOniJIbCKHH }fOrH.'IbH11 K. 1\ula,
1933, crp. 22-23.
3 Ta}1 )l{e, T80.11. VII, XX, XXXI, XXXIII.
4 Ta}! )l{e, Tao..'l. XL. pRC. 276; TaG.'!. L, pRC. 386, 348;
ra?JI. LI, plfC. 370; TaOJI. LIII, plfC. 393.
." TaM >Ke, T6."'I. XI, plfC. 48; Ta6.11. XXI, pIlC. 286.
289; Tao.lJ. XXIII, pOCo 167; Tao.lJ. XXIV, pHC. 167 JJ
.1p. - BYCbI 3TH pe3KO OTJIlfllaIOTCSI OT oyc rJIa3KOBCKoro
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60nee TOHKHX 6yc KHTOHcKoro BpeMeHH.
6 TaM }Ke, Ta6.\1. XVI, pHC. 141. - COBepmeHHo amlJIO-
fHtrHbIe npe.n;}!eTbI eeTb B HHBeHTape norpe6eHlfH Ha
UHK.il0;!1.pOMe: TaM )l{e, Ta6.1J. XXVII, pHC. 198. - 3aMetra-
Te..lbHO, IlTO K.:JHHbfl H3 J\1apHynO-JlbcKoro MOfH.1JbHHKa, H3
nemepbI llIa-Kyo-TYH H OJ1JJ3KHe K HUM HaXOJJ:KH "3 OpH
6aHKaJIbSl (ll.lfK'lO!1.pOM) no $opMe O!1.HHaKOBO npH6.!lH
JKaIOTCSI K fJIa3KOBCKH\! .lSYCTopOHHe-BbInYK.TJbI}! TonopaM,
npe.I1CTaB.:J.S1 KaK 6bI nepexoAHoe 3B'=HO, coeJ].HH}iIOII.I.ee nx
C OOJIee .nPCBHHMH, cepOBCKHMH cpopMaMO.
7 TaM }Ke, Ta6.'I. X, pne. 40.
B G. And e r s son. The cave deposit at Sha-Kuo-
Tun, T86.1J. V.III, pHC. 1-5. - M. M a K 8 P e H K 0, YK...
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5 H3 pacKonoK 1948 r.). OJleHeOCTpoBCKHH MO-
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pbIMH MOrHJIbHHKaMH . CKaH,lJ.HHaBHH, r.lI.e :\.lbI
CHOBa o6HapY}KHBaeM 6JIH3KHe napaJIJIeJIH KH-
TOHCKHM HaXO.lI.KaM. T aKOB e.lI.HHCTBeHHbIM B
IIIBell.HH no 06HJIHIO II 60raTCTBY HaXO.lI.OK MO-
rHJIbHHK B3CTep6bepc Ha o. rOTJlaH.lI.e, HCCJle.lI.O'
BaHHbIM B 30-x rOAax IIIBe.lI.CKHMH apxeOJIOraMH. 3
KOCTSlKH )Toro MOr)iJlbHHKa JH>KaJlH Ha cnHHe B
BbITHHYTOM nOJIO}KeHHH, OpHeHTHpOBaHHbIe no
COJIHUY, rJIaBHbIM oopa30M, Ha IOr rOJIOBOM. 3a-
CbIIIb MOrli Ji OXPOH itJlH B3CTepObepca He xapaK-
J G. And e r s son, YK. C01:I., Ta6J1. VI, pRe. 5-7.
2 B. H. P a B .it 0 H R K a c. HeOJ1HTR':Iec'KHfi MOrRJlbHHK
Ha OHe1KCKOM o3epe. (npeABapHTeJIbBOe C00611teHRe).
COB. apxeoJJOTBJl, VI, 1940, CTp. 46-62..
3 Martin S t ern b erg e r, - Elias D a h r, Henrich
M u n h I. Das Grabfeld yon Vasterbjers auf GotIa\1d.
Stockholm, 1943. -M. S t ern be r ge r. Das Vasterbjers-
feld. Em Grabfeld der Ganggraberrzeit auf Gotland. Acta
Archaeologica, yoJ. X, fasc. 1-3, 1939,
TepHa, HO B Tpex MOrHJIaX oxpa Bce }l{e H.MeJIaCb.
BTOpOM nYHKT B lIlBell.HII, r.lI.e OTMeqeHa oxpa B He-
OJlllTH'leCKHX norpe6eHH5IX,-MOnmbHHK B BHC6H. 1
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.....
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B roJIOBaX llJIH Horax; 3TH «}KepTBeHHble CKJIall.bI»
COCTOHJIH fi3 TonopOB, KOCTHHbIX OCTpHM, Ka-
oaHbHX KJIbIKOB II TOMV nO.lI.06HbIX BelIl.eM. 2 113
01
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oco6eHHo ll.eHHbIMH KJ1bIKH Ka6aHa, Bcer.n.a pac-
lIl.enJIeHHble, KaK B KHTOMCKIlX MOrHJIaX DpH6aM-
KaJIbH, co cBepJ1IIHaMII II oe3 CBepJIIIH. 3 XapaK-
TepHoM oc06eHHOCTbIO HeKOTopbIX 113 3THX KJ]bI-
KOB HBJlHIOTCH r JIy60Klie nOnepe1:lHble }KeJIOOKH
Ha BHYTpeHHeii CTopOHe. 4 T O'IIHO TaKlIe LKe JKe-
JIOOKII HMeIOTCH Ha Ka6aHbliX KJIWKaX B HHBeH-
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HaM.lI.eHHOrO B rJIa3KOBO B 1929 f. npH
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B MapHynOJIe, HaJIb1JIIKe II _KIIToe: lIa rpY.lI.1I
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HCQe.3aIOIll.a5I B rJIa3KOBCKoe BpeMH H He1l3eeCTHaH
paHee, TIIIIHl1Ha B DpH6aMKaJIbe TOJIbKO ;'I.JISI .K1i-
TOMCKOI'O BpeMeHH. CIO.ZI.a }Ke CJIe.lI.yeT OTHeCTH
xapaKTepHoe KOCTHHoe OCTpHe C KpyrJIbIM cetle-
HlieM B nOllepe1:lHHKe, C cpHrypHO:H: rOJIOBKOH:, 06-
pa30BaHHoH .lI.BYMH nOnepel1HbIMH }KeJI06KaMH. 6
OCTplie 3TO, pe3Ko BbI.lI.eJIHIOlUeeCH cpe.lI.II Bcex
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}KaHIIIHM oopa30M HallOMIIHaeT oYJIaBKH
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ee CXO.lI.HO co BTOpOH 6YJIaBKOM H3 norpe6eHHH
B L{ep. PacnYTIfHO Ha AHrape, HBJIHHCb, KaK ObI,
ynpOlIl.eHHOH H orpy6JIeHHOH KonlieM cII6HpCKoro
opHrHHaJia.
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TOHKoo6ymHbIe KpemeBbIe TonopbI, JIaJI.beBHlI.-
Hble CBepJIeHbIe Tonopbl H KepaMHKa yKa3bIBalOT,
QTO OH 110 BpeMeHII OTHOCHTC.sI K n03HeM nope
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rrorpe6eHH:H: B KaMeHHbIX HIIJ.HKax. K TOIY JKe
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MOrHJIbl llIBelI.HH. H. Te H .n.pyrHe npHHa)J.Jle.}KaT,
CJIeD.OBaTeJIbHO, nepBOH nOJIOBHHe II TbICH1:Iene-
THH 11.0 H. 3., T()qHee }Ke B3CTep6bepc .lI.aTHpyeTCH
HCCJIeAOBaTeJIHMII B npe.ll.eJIax 2000-1800 fr.
AO H. 3. 7
I M. S t ern b erg e r, YK. CO':l., CTp. 77.
2 TaM 1Ke, CTp. 72.
3 TaM :>Ke, cTj>. 70, pHC. 6-8.
4 TaM >Ke, cTp. 94, pRC. 28.
5 TaM >Ke, pRC. 18, 23.
6 TaM >Ke, pRC. 27.
7 M. S t ern b e r ge r, E. D a h r, H. M u n hI, YK.
CO'!., CTp. 112; TaM >Ke, CTp. 102-103.
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18 OICn8,AHHKOS A. D.

138
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t.'1ABA IV. ASf;OJII01HNl XPOIiO.TIOFHH H..o\MHTHHKOB HEOJIHTA
f3!1
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HIIH C nor.pe6eHHHMH .lI.py.roro KYJIbrypHoro
ltHKJIa ceBepHoH EBponbI, MeraJIHTllqeCKOrO,
C KOTOpbII\I K3K HaXO.lI.KH Ha rOTJlaH.lI.e, TaR, OT-
1:IaCTH, H Ha OJIeHbeM OCTpOBe HMelOT HeKOTopbIe
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KOTOpyIO Bce-TaKII HY}KHO B 3aKJIIOqeHHe OT-
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JIeBO B npHJIaraeMOH cxeMe (CTp. 1 :37), H3 KOTO-
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MeHHoro BeKa H nOCJIe.nOB3TeJIbHbIM nepeXO.lI.
naJIeO.TIIiTa B HeOJIHT, HY>KHO KOHCTaTHpOBarb,
1 Ernst S pro k h 0 f f. Die nordische Megalithkultur.
Handb. der Urgesch. DeutschI., Bd. III, 1938, c1'p. 13,
Ta6JI. 26, pHC. 5.
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140
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H HMeHHO no 3TOH npHl1HHe OHa HBJIHeTCH OAHOH
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pWM cH6HpCKHe HCCJIeAOBaTeJIH 06wKHoBeHHo
npeJ{cTaB..1HJIH, KaK OTMeqeHO BbIme, B TaI<HX LKe
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DpH HeKoTopoM 06Ill.eM cxo,nCTBe B HanpaBJIe-
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Ha BOCTOK H B 1:IaCTH. KaCaIOIll.eMCH reHe3Ilca
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TOJIbKO HCXOJlH OT HaH60JIee H3Yl1eHHbIX
naMHTHHKOB naJIOOJIIiTa H pa3BHToro HeOJIHTa H
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142
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6JIarOnpHHTHbIM YCJIOBHe)o1 .lI.JIH HCTOpH1:IecKoro
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OT 3Tana K 3Tany li, B 1:IaCTHOCTH, YCTaHOBHTb
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B HaCTOHIIJ.ee BpeMH Ha TeppHTopHH CH6Hpn
naMHTHHKOB KaMeHHoro BeKa CTaJI HCHbIM JIHIIIb
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KonKaM aJIbTHHCKaH CTOHHKa B .ZI.OJIHHe p. Be-
JIOM, JIeBOrO npHTOKa AHrapbI. 1
11cCJIe.lI.OBaHIiH B C. MaJIbTa OCBeTHJIH no-
HOBOMY II IIOJIY3a6bITble nepBbIe lIaJIeOJIHTH-
qeCKHe HaXO,lJ.KII B CH6npH, C.lI.eJIaHHble npH
nocTpoMKe BoeHHoro rOCnHTaJIH B r. HpKyrcKe
(1871). B 1936 r. 6blJIO 06HapY}KeHO 'B c. Byp.eTH
Ha -npaBOM 6epery AHrapbI, B 120 KM HH}Ke
I1pKYTcKa, em.e O.lI.HO nOCeJIeHHe paHHeH rpynnbI,
HaxOMIIJ.eeCH B caMOM 6JIH3KOH CBH3H no BceM
CBOHM OCHOBHbIM qepTaM C MaJIbTHHcKHM. 2
BpeMeHeM, KOr.ZI.a B .l1.0JIHHe AHrapbI CYllleCTBO-
aJIH 3TII nOCeJIeHHH, HBJIHerCH KOHeli. JIe.lI.HHKO-
Boro H Ha1JaJIO nOCJIe,!{,YIOm.ero, nOCJIeJIep,HIIKO-
Boro, nepllo.u.a. cl>aYHa BCex CTOHHOK .ZI.aHHoH
1 M. M. f e pac HMO 8. ManbT8, naJIeOJIHTHqeCKaSi
CTOSlHKa. HpKYTCK, 1931; 0 H :m e. naJIeo.lIHTHQeCKaSi
CTOSlHKa B ManbTe. Co06m. f AMMK, N2 11/12, 1931,
CTp. 55-56; 0 H :m e. PacKomrn naJIeo.'1IfTHtJeCKOH CTOSlHKH
B c. ManbTa. naJIeonHT CCCP. MaTepHaJIbI no HCTOpHH
Opo.noBoro 06mecTBa. 113B. f AHMK, Bbln. 118, M.-JI.,
1935, CTp. 78-124.-f. n. COCHOBCKHH, M. M. fe-
pac HMO B. HOBbIe Haxo;J.KH Ha naJIeOJIH1'H'leCKOH CTOSlHKe
B c. MaJIbTa. Tp. COB. CeKI{HH Me2K.lI;. aCCOLl. no H3)'tJ.
qeTBepT. nep. (JNQUA), BbIn. I.
2 A. n. 0 K JI a .n H H K 0 B. EypeTb  HOBaSi naJIeOnHTH-
(leCKaSi CTOSlHKa Ha AHrape. COB. apxeonorHSI, V,
CTp. 290-293; 0 H :m e. HOBbIe .naHHble 0 naJIeOJIHTH-
QeCKOM npOIIlJIOM npH6ailKaJIbSi. (K HCCJle.ll;OBaHHSlM B Ey-
peTH 1936-1939 rr.). Kp8TK. co06m. HHMK AK8JI.. HaYK
CCCP, V, 1940, CTp. 58-62; 0 H :m e. naneOJIHTHQeCKHe
2KHnHma B EypeTH. TaM :me, X, 1941.
rpynnbI II:\IeeT O.::I:HHaKOBO Bblpa}KeHHbIM apKTH-
1.JeCKHM OOJIHK. 3TO «BfOpMCKaH», HJIH :\1aMOHTO-
BaH, cpaYHa, OcpopMHBllIaHCH B CypOBbIX KJIHMa-
TH1JeCKHX YCJIOBIiSIX Jie.n.HIIKOBoro BpeMeHII. BelI.Y-
IIlaH pOJIb B HeH npIlHa)J.JIe}KaJIa MaMOHTY H
IIIepCTIiCTOMY Hocopory, COnpOBO}K.lI.aeM:bIM Ta-
KHMH THnH1JHO apKTHl1eCKHm }KHBOTHbIIl, KaK
nece H 6enaH KyponaTKa.
Y}Ke B nepBbIX Haxo.n.Kax y BoeHHoro rOCnH-
TaJIH H. .lI.. 4epCKliH onpe.rr.eJIHJI KOCTH, npHHa-
JIe}KaIIJ.He BOJIOCaTOMY Hocopory, l\-IaMOHTY, CeBep-
HOMY H IIIHpOKOporOMY OJIeHIO, nepBo6bITHOMY
6bIKY, 6H30HY H JIOma}{H. PacKonKaMH 1928-
1934 rr. B c. MaJIbTa 06HapYJKeHbI OCTaTKH
Hocopora (Rhinoceros thlchorhlnus) , MaMoHTa,
6H30Ha (Blson prtscus) , ceBepHoro OJIeHH,
rreCll.a, poccoMaxH, BOJIKa, CHeLKHoro 6apaHa
(Ovls nlvlcola) H neIIJ.epHoro JIbBa. B BypeTIi
(1936-1939) HaHJI.eHbI KOCTH MaMOHTa, HOCO-
pora, ceBepHoro OJIeHH, 6H30Ha, ,n:}KHreTaH H .n.p.
OCHOBHbIM 3aHHTHeM JIfOJJ.eH Toro BpeMeHH, KaK
KocBeIqIo cBH.zr.eTeJIbCTBYIOT orpoMHbIe CKOfiJIeHHSI
KOCTeH }KHBOTHbIX Ha CTOHHKax, 6bIJIa OXOTa,
.lI.onOJIHHBIIIaHCH HeeOMHeHHO c06I1paTenbCTBO!.
Hx nOCeJIeHHH 6bIJIH HaCTOHIIJ.HMH OXOTHH1:IbHMH
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JIarepHMH, HO JIarepHMH cBoeoopa3Hbum; BCeMH
CBOHMH .lI.eTaJIHMII OHH OTpa}KaIOT xapaKTepHbIH
ObITOBOH YKJIa.n, COBceM HenOXO}KHM Ha TOT
06pa3 }KH3HH, KOTOpbIH BeJIH 1JHCTO OXOTHH1JbH
6po,nH1JHe nJIeMeHa CII6HpH B He.llaBHeM npOIIIJIOM.
06HJIHe KocTeM }KHBOTHbIX, MHOr01JIICJIeHHOCTb
..
KaMeHHbIX H3eJIHII B TaKIiX noceneHHHX YKa3bI-
BaIOT Ha AJIHTeJIbHOe npe6bIBaHHe B HHx"naJIeo-
JIIITII1JeCKHX 06HTaTeneH AHrapCKoro KpaH. 31'0
.. ..
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nOCeJIeHIIH THna MaJIbTbI H BypeTH COCTOSIJIII
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H .. 3aMel1aTeJIbHbIe no TeXHIPIeCKOli QTJ(,eJIKe
iI.HckotmlI.HbIe cKpe601:lKli mHHaTIOpHoro pa3':
iepa. YIIIOTpe6..'1SI.TIHCb HHor.zr.a TaK)ke cKpe6..Qg
C.IIJTIIaHHOIl. cpoPMbl, U3 KpynHbIx OTI.IJ:enOB H KYC-
KOB KaMHH, rpy6ble py6SIIIJ.lle opy;r,ilH, B TOM
liHCJIe B BH,IT.e .lI.HCKOB.
'"
o BbICOKOM ypOBHe pa3BIITIIH TeXHIIKH oopa-
60TKII Ka'-1HSI, 0 L{JIIITeJIbHO HaKOnJISIBIIIeMCH
60raTOM rrpoH3BO,J.CTBeHHOM onbITe CBHeTeJIb-
crnyeT npHMeHeHlIe pa3JIH1:IHbIX pe.n.KIIX nopo;ZJ;,
B TOM 111lCJIe LKHpOBHKa, 3MeeBHKa II IJ.aLKe He-
<ppHTa. )KllPOBIiK Ii, B oc06eHHOCTH, HecppliT H
3MeeBRK, KaK H3BeCTHO, n01:lTH He nO;JJI.aIOTCSI
06bI1:IHbI1\i naJIeOJIHTII1:IecKHM npHeMaM peTYIIIH
'"
II o66HBKH. BBH)J.Y HX BSI3KOCTH, HeOOXO)J;HI\i1O
npllMeHHTb IIHOM npHeM o6pa:60TKII Ka;\IHSI, IIIJIH.-
<pOBaHHe, 'B pa3BIITOM BII,n,e 'CBOHCTBeHHbliI JIHllIb
HeOJIHTY. npHMeqaTeJIbHO n09TOMY, 1:ITO B BypeTII
pacKonKaMII 1939 r. ObIJIH HaM;I.eHbI Me..'1Klle
raJIe1:lKH HecppHTono.rr.06Horo 3'feeBHKa HJIH He-
<ppHTa II ,lJ.aLKe MIIHllaTropHbIH HecppuToBbIH KPy-
iKOK .nOBOJIbHO npaBIIJIbHOM <pOPl\-IbI, 06pa60TaH-
Hblij: noCpe.lI.CTBOM rpy60H, HO 6e3yc.TJOBHO Ha-
MepeHHoH, IIIJIHcpOBKH. 1 T aKHe }Ke HaXO.lI.KH, HO
B eme 60JIbIIIeM KOJIH1:IeCTBe, 6bI.iIH C.lI.eJIaHbI
B BypeTH nplI pacKonKax 1940 r.o: npH1:IeM Ha
3TOT pa3 TaM nOCl1aCTJIHBHJIOCb HalITH CTaTY3TKY
}l{E'Hll.{HHbI, H3roTOBJleHHYro If3 3e.lIeHOH nopo)J.bl,
noxoLKeM no BH,l(Y Ha He<pPHT.
}'13 KOCTH BbI.lI.eJIbIBaJIIiCb cBoeo6pa3HbIe .lI.JIIIH-
Hble OCTPHH, B03MO}KHO, HaKOHel1HIIKH KonHH,
pa3Ho06pa3HbIe 1\1eJIKHe OCTPHH-IlIHJIbSI, II rJI bI ,
CK06eJIII, JIoIIJ.llJIa, ..rr.OJlOTa H, HaKoHell., pa3Ho-
06pa3HbIe npoH3Be.rr.eHHH gepB06bITHOrO HCKYC-
CTBa: YKpameHHH, 1:I306pa}KeHHH }KHBOTHbIX
(nTI:Ill.. MaMoHTa, 3MeH) H }KeHCKHe cTaTY3TKII.
I<.a:\'leHHbIe H KOCTHHbIe 1I3,l(e.nHH 113 b'1aJIbTbI
cpa3Y }Ke 06paTIIJIIi Ha ce6H BHHMaHHe HCCJIeJI.O-
BaTeJIeH nopa3HTeJIbHOH 06IIJ.eM 6JIH30CTblO K
H3,U,e.nHHM, xapaKTepHbnl J{JIH BepxHero naJleO-
JIHTa BOCT01:lHOM II 3ana.lI.HOM EBponbI. CXOACTBO
C HHBeHTapeM naMHTHIIKOB BOCTOqHOeBpOneHCKoro
H, OTl1aCTI:I, 3ana.rr.HoeBponeMcKoro naJIeoJIHTa B
COlleTaHIIII C reOJIOrH1:IeCKIIMH .!I.aHHbIMH n03BO-
JIHeT .lI.aTlIpOBaTb MaJIbTy II BypeTb KOHOM
COJIIOTpe IIJIH, cKopee, paHHHM Ma;:I.JIeHoM. 3TO
CXO)J,CTBO Te1 oBbIp8311TeJIbHee H Har.'1H.l1.Hee, 1:ITO
Bce OCTaJIbHble nO.lI.BepraBIIIHecH .lI.0 1928 r.
IICCJIe.n.OB8HllfO naJIeOJIIITII1JeCKlie naMHTHIiKH BO
fHoroM 06HapY}KI:IBaJIH cOBepmeHHo OTJIII1:IHbIH:
xapaKTep.
lIaH60JIee rrOJIHO n03HenaJIeoJlHTHqeCKHe na-
MHTHHKH, XpOHOJIOrH1JeCKH CJIe1I.YIOllilie 3a MaJIb-
TIIHCKHM Il.HKJIOM, BbIHBJIeHbI H H3Y1IeHbI B Jl.0-
JIIiHe EHHceH.
CaMbIe paHHHe CTOSIHKH Ha EHHcee, CTOHHKH
I rpynnbI no reoJIoronaJIeoHToJIorH1JecI{oM KJIac-
clI€pHKall.HH B. H. rpOMoBa, 6JIH3KH no BpeMeHH
K MaJIbTe H 6yperH. B reOJIOflIl1eCKO:\1 OTHome-
t A. n. 0 K JI a.u. H H K 0 B. HOBbie .naHHble. .., CTp. 60-61.
HliH OHII OTHOCHTCH K M'OleHTY 3aBepIIIeHHH
aKKYly..'IHU.HII BTOpOM TeppaCbI, BbICOTOIO 15-
18 M; H. ca:\WMY Hal1a,,'1Y c4JopMHpoBaHHH ee
YCTYJ1a. B KYJIb"TypHbIX CJIOHX CTOHHOK I rpynn
em,e npe06,,'1apaIOT OCTaTKH npe.lJ,CTaBHTe.neH
«BJOPMCKOii» cpaYHbI C f£L\:IOHTOM BO TJIaBe, HO
KOCTH BOJIOCa110ro Hocopora 60JIbIIIe YLKe He
BCTpe1JaIOTCH. 1
HaH60JIee 60raTOH OCT8TK8MII KYJIbTYPbI 3Toro
BpeMeHII B ..rr.OJlHHe EHIIceH HBJIHeTCH CTOHHKa
A<pOHTOBa II (HH>KHIIM ee ropH30HT) II AcpoH-
TOBa III. B HIILKHeM ropH30HTe AcpOHTOBOH ropbI
BC11pe1:leHbI OCTaTKU 60.'1bIIIHX >KHoilbIX coopY}KeHIIH
C MOIll.HbIM Ky..'IbTypHbIM CJIOeM, H30611.11YIOIIJ.IIM
H3.QeJIHHMII 113 KaMHH II }WCTII, a TaK}Ke OCTaT-
Ka:\UI YOHTbIX H C'be.u.eHHbIX 1Je.nOBeKOM }KHBOT-
HbIX, B TOI 1:IIICJIe 10-12 laMOHTOB. B IIHBea-.
Tape 3THX noceJIeHHM, .KaK H B cpaYHe, CKa3bI-
BaeTCH HenOCpe.l1.CTBeHHaSl CBH3b C 60JIee paHHHM
BpeMeHeM, C MaJIbTI:IHCKHM HKJIOM na:\fHTHIiKOB,
nORa eIIJ.e He 06HaPY}KeHHbIM Ha EHlIcee. 2
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.itOR, -cOCpe,lJ.OT01:leHHbIX OKO.TIO OT,lJ.e.rIbHbIX OqarOB.
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.qHflm eHHceMcKoro naJIeoJIHTa KaK MeCTa 60JIee
KpaTKoBpeMeHHbIx OCTaHOBOK OXOTHH1JbHX rp)n.
CTOHHKH I f'pynnbI CMeHHIOTCH 3aTeM CTOHHKaMH
c.:1ell.YIOU1.ell II H, H8KoHeu., III rpynnbl.
CTOHHKH II rpynnbI OTHOCHTCH K MOMeHTY no-
HBJIeHHH Ha.L( nOBepXHOCTbIO BO;I,bI 9-12-MeTpo-
BOll TeppaCbI I:I K Ha1JaJIY cpOpMHpOBaHIiH ee
YCTyna. npeAnOJIaralOT, 1:ITO O.ZI.HOBpeMeHHO Ha-
1:IHHaeTCH nOJIoca rOCnO,l(CTBa cyxoro, pe3KO KOH-
TIIHeHTaJIbHOrO KJIHMaTa nOCJIeJIe.lI.HHKOBoro Bpe-
MeHII. Pa3BHBaIOTCH, oco6eHHO Ha IOre, npOll.eCCbI
nYCTbIHHoro BbIBeTpIlBaHHH. PeKH CHJIbHO Me-
J!eIOT. OKOH1:IaTeJIbHO BbIMHpaeT MaMOHT, YXO.ilJIT
Ha ceBep neCll.bI. B <l>aYHe npe06JIa.lI.alOT ceBep-
HbIM OJIeHb, JIOIIIa.lI.H H ObIKH.
CroHHKII III rpynrrbI npHHa.il.Jle}KaT TOMY Bpe-
leHII, KOnta <pOpMllpoBaHHe YCTyna - BTOpOH Tep
pacbI 3aKaHl1HBaeTCH. 11x KYJIbrypHble CJIOII JIe-
)KaT 'B Be pXHeH lIaCTH neC1:IaHO-rJIHHHCTbIX TOJIIIJ.,
I Y:me M. T. CaBeHKoB 06'bSiCHSI.'1 He3HaQHTeJIbHoe KOJIH-
qeCTBO KocTeH Hocopora B CBOHX naJIeOJlHTUqeCKHX H3-
XOJ1,Kax 60Jlee YCKopeHHbIM BblMHpaHHeM .3TOrO :mHBOTHoro
no cpaBHeHHIO C ocra.'lbHbIMH npe.llCTaBHTe.JIflMH Jle,lJ.HHKO-
BOFt cpaYHbI. Ero MNC.lIH BnOoilHe nO.ll;TBepj],HnHcb .LlaJIbHeH-
IIlHMH HCC.lIe;x.OBaHHSlMH.
2 B. M. r p 0 MOB. feOJlOrHSI H cpaYHa naJIeOJIH1'HlJecKOH
CTOHHKH AcpOHTOBa ropa II. Tp. KOMHCC. no H3YQ. 'leTBep-
mllH. nepHo.u.a EBponbl, I, N!! 2, 1932. - H. K. A Y.3 p-
6 a x H f. n. Co C HOB C K H H. MaTepHaJIbl no H3yqeHHIO
naJIeO.i1HTHlJeCKOH HH.lI;YCTPHH H YCJIOBHA ee Haxo:m.lleHHSI
Ha cTPHHKe AcpOHTOBa ropa. TaM :me. - H. K. A y .3 p-
6 a x. na.'Ieo.'IHTH'leCKafi CTOSlHKa AcpoH1'OBa ropa 111.
Tp. 06I1l. H3YIJ. CHOHpH H ee npOH3BO;{HT. CHJI, BbIn. oN!! 1,
HOBOCli6HpCK, 1930. - f. n. C 0 C HOB C K H H. nOCe.JIeHHe
Ha ACPOHTOBOH rope. C60pH. «naJIeO.1IIiT CCCP», 113B.
rAMMK, BhIn. 118, 1935, CTp. 125-151. - B. M. r p o-
MOB. naJIeOHTOJIOrHtJeCKHe Ii apxeo.1IOrn'leCKHe 060<'HOBa-
HHfI CTpaTurpacpllH KOHnmeHTalbHblX OT.1Io:meHHH qeTBCp-
THt{Horo nepHO.ll;a Ha TeppHTopHH CCCP (l\fJIeKOnHTalOI..Ulie,
na.TJeOJIIfT). Tp. HHCT. reo.'!. HaYK, Bbln. 64, reo.'I. cepHH.
N!! 17, 1948.

144
1:IACTb II. nPHBAJ(IbE B HEOJIHTIf1IECKOE BPEMR
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145
CJIaraIOIIUIX nepBYIO Ha.n.rroMMeHHYIO Teppacy.
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<paYHa TO}Ke OCTaeTCSI 6JIII3KOI':i K <paYHe I I
rpynnbI CTOHHOK Ha EHllcee. 1
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B CBH31I C IIcTopHeM pel1HbIX ..:r.OJIHH, H3:\1eHeHHHMH
B KJIH:MaTe H cpaYHe rr03BOJIHIOT TOl1Hee ,naTH-
poBaTb Ino3.lI.HeHIII'He naJIeOJIIITllqeCKHe naMHTHHKII
Ha EHlIcee II pacnpeJ}.eJIlITb IIX no XpOHOJIOrHl1e-
CKIIM rpynnaM.
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onlIpaeTCH Ha aHaJIII3 HHBeHTapH CTOHHOK. Ii
XpOHOJIOrHqeCKaH CMeHa naMHTHIIKon n03.lI.HerO
naJIeO.TJIITa nOKa eIl.le He MO)KeT 6bITb CTOJlb }Ke
onpeeJ1eHHO npOCJIeJKeHa B MaTepllaJIbHOH KYJIb-
Type, B KaleHHO}1 llHBeHTape nOCeJIeHllH. }].Bll-
}KeHlle BpeMeHII He HaXO.lI.IIT 3.lI.eCb TaKoro T01:l-
Horo BbIpa}KeHHH, KaK B nOC.lle,QOBaTeJIbHbIX 113-
MeHeHIISIX eCTeCTBeHHO- reorpa <plIl1eCKOM Cpe.lI.bI
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Eha KYJIbTypa HMeeT eJJ.HHoo6pa3HblH H YCTofi-
qHBM xapaKTep Ha BceM orpoMHoM npOCTpaH-
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BHHCKa, a xpoHOJIOrHl1eCKH Ha CTOJIb LKe ):{JIII-
TeJJbHOM 3Tane 01' AqJOHTOBOH II )1,0 Haqana pa3-
BHTaro HeoJIHTa.
B CaMO}1 OCHOBHO}i 3JIeMeHTe MaTeplIaJIbHOM
KYJIbTypbI Toro BpeMeHII - KaMeHHOM IIHBeH-
Tape - nOCTOSIHHO nOBTopHIOTCH O)1,HH H Te )Ke
3HaKO:\1e <pOpMbI R TRnbI, BCTpellaIOIll.HeeH, npR-
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AHrape, EHHcee HJIH CeJIeHre, - BO Bcex naMHT-
HIiKax O.lI.HHaKOBO ..n:OMHHHPYIOT Cnell.H<p Hl1 eCKMe
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qHCJIeHHbIX, HO nOBCIO.ZI.Y nOBTOpHIOIl.lIIXCH, Ba-
pHaUHHX, B OCHOBHOM nOJIYJIYHHOM - «MYCTbep-
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«MYCTbepoH.lI.HaH» TeXHHKa HX H3rOTOBJIeHIIH.
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KOBO npe,lJ.CTaBJIHeT MOHOJIIiTHOe ue.TJoe. OTJIHl1HSI
)Ke MeJK.lI.Y HHMH HaCTOJIbKO pe3KH, qTO .lI.a}Ke
caMbIe n03.lI.HHe CTOHHKH AcpOHTOBCKoro lI.HKJIa,
'BXO.lI.51Ill.He B «TpeTbIO» .rpy:nny KJIaCCHcpUKau.HI:I
rpOMOBa, MeHbllIe OTJIHqalOTCH OT 60JIee paHHHX,
lIeM 31'11 nOCJIe..:r.HHe 01' MaJIbTbI H 5ypeTI:I.
I1HBeHTapb n03.ZI.HHX naJIeOJlI:ITII1:IeCKHX CTOSIHOK
CH611pH eIl1e 60JIee pe3KO OTJlHl1eH OT po.rr.CTBeH-
HbIX MaJIbTe COJIIOTpeiicKO-MaJJ.JleHCKHX naM51T-
1 B. M. r p 0 MOB. K Bonpocy 0 B03paCTe cH6HpCKoro
na.neo.iIHTa. .nOK.iI. AKa.lI;. HaYK CCCP, cepHH B, 1\11 10,
1928. - f. n. Co C HOB C K H H. n03.nHena..1eo..1UTlI'I€CKHC
CTOHHKH EHHceHCKOH .llOJIHBbI. C60pH. «na.lleo..'IHT CCCP:.,
H3B. f AI1MK, Bbln. 118, 1935, CTp. 152-218.
HUKOB 3ana.rr..a II OT CMeHHlOlll.HX IIX Ha 3anatI.e
naIHTHUKOB a 31:1JIbCKoro H Ie30JIHTlIl1eCKOrO
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nOJIHOe II 3aKOHqeHHOe BbIpa.>KeHlle KaKHe-TO rJI\"-
60KIIe oc06eHHocTH cH611pCKoro naJIeOJIIiTa. 06Ha-
pY>KHBaeTCH KopeHHoe cBoe06pa3He ero KY"lb-
TypbI, . 3aCTaBHBIIIee BbI,.J.eJIHTb Cli6IIpCKHe
n03.n;HenaJIeO.IJIITHl1eCKHe naMHTHHKII B caiO-
CTOHTeJIbHYIO «cpalI.HIO», B «OC06bIM Kpyr»,
cyecTBeHHo OTJIHl1alOlllHMCH OT Kpyra esponeH-
CKIIX KYJIbT)'P TOM .>Ke 3noxII. 1
CBoe06pa3HbIe OTJIHlIHTeJIbHbIe 1:IepTbi n03.J:He-
naJIeoJIHTI:I1:IeCKOM K)'JIbTypbI CII6HpH 6bIJIII Xo-
pOIIIO Bblpa>KeHbI Y)Ke s nepBbIx HaXOlI.Kax, c)J.e-
JlaHHbIX B Hal1aJIbHM nepllo.J. HCCJIe.n;OBaHIIH,
cBH3aHHblH C IIMeHa1l:I H. T. CaBeHKOBa H8
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OCHOBYIO. HO Bce )Ke TOJIbKO lIaCTb HHBeHTapSi
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BbIH B3rJI51ll., HHa51. 31'0 C:\IeCb apXalIl1eCKIiX <pOpM
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lI.HeH) cpe.rr.Hero II ;{aLKe HH>KHero naJIeOJIIiTa C
<popMa:\1H BepxHero na"leoJlI1Ta. OpY3J1SI, BblCTaB-
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KpeMHeM, TO "CIIOllp5iKY" npHXOlI.II.l10Cb nOl1TII
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.nHMO, BnpotJeM, YKa3aTb co BceH onpeJJ.e.'IeHHOCTbIO, liTO
caM H. T. CaBelIKOB eille B 1892 r. CtJHTa..1 CBOU Haxo!J.-
KH He CTO.1b lI.pCBHHMH. OR Y1J:HTblBa.'1, 1J:TO 06HTaTe..'1nt
A4>OHTOBOH ropbI «6b1.1H H3BeCTHbl npHeMbI CHHMaHHSI He
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JIeoJIHTHtJeCKOH ,;moxe, M01KeT 6bITb, K KOHUY eSI, K TaK
Ha3bIBaeMOH ,,::moxe ceBepHoro O.IIeHSI", T. e. K BepXHeMY
naneo.IIHTY U.IIH .na1Ke, em.e TOtJHee, K Ma;{.IIeHV».-
H. T. CaB e H K 0 B. 0 na.'IeD.'IHTHtJeCKOH ::moxe B OKpeCT-
HOCTHX r. KpaCHOSlpCKa. rJPH.'I. K npOT. 06111. BpatJeH EHH-
ceHCK. ry6. 3a 1892 r., KpacHoHpcK, 1892, CTp. 15-16.
I HaH6o.'I tJeTK-Q 3TOT B3rJlSl;I. H3..101KH..1 H 000cHoBa.1
B. A. fopo.nnoB B CBoeH CTaTbe «K onpe;I.e.TIeHHIO .npeB-
HOeTH. H HeKOTOpblx oco6eHHO<:TeH eRH<:eikKoro na.rreO.'lH-
Ta» (CeB. A3HH. Xv 1, 1929).
19 OHJIa}:\HHHoB A. n.
J n. rJ. E 4> H M e H K o. naJIeOJlHT CCCP. HrorH H
nepcneKTHBbI ero H3}"tJeHHSI. C006111. f AH1\1.K, .N'!? 3, 1931.
CTp. 8; 0 H }j{ e. rJepB06blTHoe 06lUeCTBo. .11., 1940,
CTp. 510.
2 f. 1\1. e p rap T. Pe3YJIbTaTbI apxeo.1foruQeCKHX HCc.lle-
.lI;OaaHHH B rJpHeHHceHCKOM Kpae. (ABTope4>epaT.' H3B.
KpaCHOSIpCK. OTJI.. PfO, T. III, BbID. 1, 1923, cTp. 29-32;
G. Mer h art. The paleolithic period in Siberia.
Contribution to the Prehistory of the Jenissei region.
:\::1(:;. :\nthropclogist, 1923, vol. XXV. N2 1.- Heo6xo-
lOrJIH .n:.aTb B pe3Y.1bTaTe HX o6pa60TKH CXOlI.HbIe
no Ha3HaQeHHIO, HO He no cpopMe, 0pY;:J:IIH
Tpy.n;a».l
AHaJIOrHl1HOe 06'bHCHeHHe .1.aeTCH 11 OTCYTCT-
BHIO CKOJIbKO-HII6y..:r.b COBepIIIeHHbIX no <popMe 1-1
TeXHHQeCKO:\1Y oq>opl\WeHlllO XY;{O)KeCTBeHHblX
pe3HbIX 1I3.ZI.€.i1IiM 1:13 KOCTII B CJIOSlX rr03;(Hena.TJeo-
JIHTHl1eCKHX CTOHHOK Ha AHrape H EI-IHCee. fOBo-
pHT, qTO 3TO 06'bHCHHeTcH BbINrnpaHne.1 Ma-
JOHTa, TaK KaK rH6e..TJ:b llalJOHTOB lUnllH'Ia .HIO.J.efI
caMoro JlyqIllerO laTepHaJla llJI51 xy .J.O:>Ke{:T'BeH-
HbIX 113.J:eJIHM B BII.lI.e ero 611BHell. JIerKO nOMalO-
IllHXCH o6.pa60TKe B CbIpOM BH.21:e. 2
OTKpbITHe naneOJIIITlIl1eCKIiX CTOHHOK B 3a-
6aHKaJIbe H OPlI.oce C KaMeHHblM HHBeHTape:\I.
Hanom.HalOllWiM HHBeHTapb CTOHHOK no EHHcelO
H no AHrape, npliBeJIO, OJlHaKO. H. K. Ay9p6axa,
a TalOKe II lI.pyrllx apxeOJIOrOB, K c03eprneHHo
HHOH MbICJIH 0 "DOM, l1TO npOIICXO.>K.1.eHlIe CBoe-
o6pa3Hx OCo6eHHOCTeH cH6npcKoro nafteOJIIiTa
CJIeA.yeT HCKaTb He Ha MeCTHOH nOl1Be Ii TeM 60-
JIee, He Ha 3ana.n;e, a Ha BOCTOKe. Ii l1TO CTOJIb
Heo6bIKHOBeHHoe «C:\lerneHHe» apXallqeCKHX THnOB
KaMeHHX 0PYlI.HH C BepXHenaJIeOJIHTHl1eCKHMH B
CH6IIpH HBHJIOCb pe3Y.rlbTaTOI 3aHMCTBoBaHHH
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TCKa, nplIHecrnliX II CBOIO, B KopHe OTJ1Hl1HYI0 OT
3ana)J.HOM, BOCTOIlHYIO KYJlbTypy.3
HH O.lI.RO 113 npe;IJIO)l{eHHbIX 06'b5ICHeHUii OCO-
6eHHocTeM cII6upCKoro rraJIeOJIHTa Ha n03.lI.HlIX
3Tanax ero pa3BU'fHH nOJIHOCTblO II KaK eAHHcT-
,-
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npIiHHTO.
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... .....
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THQeCKHX cH6HPCKUX CTOHHOK He :\1O:>Ke'f 6bITb
npHHHTO Y}Ke no TOM npHQHHe, l1TO H3 cOBepmeH-
HO o.lI.HHaKOBoro MaTepllaJIa, .il.a:>Ke B Ol1.HIIX II Tex
.>Ke cTOHHKax, BbI.J,eJlbIBaJIHCb -se1ll.1l apXanlleCKOrO
..
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BepXHef10 naJIeOJIHTa (H3 HIIIMbI, poroBHKa - Ha
EHllcee II Ce.TJeHre, H3 aprll.TIIITa - Ha Bepxo-
.:leHCKOH: rope II 113 ceporo llJIIi l1epHOrO H3BeCT-
ROBoro .KpeMH51- B .n.OOHHe p. DeJIOH).
11 Ha Bepxo..'IeHCKOH: rope II B C.TJOHX A<pOHTO-
nOH ropbI O.lI.HHaKOBO BCTpe1:laIOTCH, HanplIMep.
H3rOTOBJIeHHe H3 HIlIMbI H aHaJIOrlll1HbIX nopot!.
KaMHH KaK KpynHble HI}KeJIble 0pYJJ.HH a pXalll1e-
CKOro 06JIHKa, iaK.H \le.,1KHe R3HlllHbie nJIaCnlH-
--
I r. A. E 0 H 11 - 0 C M 0 .1 0 B C K H H H B. H. r p 0-
[ 0 B. BbICTaBKa no tJeTBepTHtJHoMY nepHo.::J.Y B AKa;{eMHH
HaYK CCCP. Co06m.. fAI1MK. ,V!! 11-12, 1932,
CTp. 55. - G. Bon C h - 0 s mol 0 v sky and V. G r o-
m 0 v. The Paleolithic Period in the Union of Soviet
Socialist. Republics. From. Report of XVI _ Internat.
Geol. Congress. Washington, 1933, Washington, 1936,
CTp. 17.
2 B. H. f P 0 MOB II f. A. Eo H Q - 0 C M 0 J1 0 B-
e K H H, TaM )Ke. - r. rJ. C 0 C HOB C K II H. na.'IeO.IIIITH-
(leCKHe CTOSlHKH ceBepHOH A3HH, erp. 285.
3 H. K. A y 3 P 6 a X. nB..i1:eO,IIHTHQeCKa H CTOHHKa AItIOH-
TOBa III, CTp. 41.

146
lIACTb u. nPIIBAflKAJlbE B HEOlHTJtqECHOE !iPEMfI
rnABA v. rrpOHcxomEHIIE nPIIBARRAbCKoro HEORIITA
147
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Mepax, TRnax II cpop:Vlax H3rOTOBJIeRHbIX 113 Hero
npe.lI.MeToB. He MeHee cYIll.eCTBeHHo, l1TO B HOO-
JUiTe H3 O.lI.HHaKOBOfO MaTepHaJIa, - H3 KaMHH
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rJIy6}Ke. 3TH npll1:lHHbI He MorYT 6bITb HaM.lI.eHbI
H B npOCTOM rrepeCeJIeHilH BOCTOl1HbIX nJIeMeH Ha
3ana.u., TaK KaK B lI.aHHOM CJIYl1ae, eCJIH 6bI ;I:aLKe
nepeCeJIeHile 6bIJIO .lI.OKa3aHO, OCTaeTCH 06'bHC-
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....
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IIMeIOT JIllIilb KOCBeHHble 1:IepTbI CXO.lI.CTBa C CII6Hp-
CKIIMII. TaM HeT Tllmi1:lHO cII611pCKIIX 0pY.lI.IIM C IIX
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fpy6bIe KaMeHHble 113.lI.eJIIIH Op..a.occKoro naJIeo-
JIHTa CJIIIIIIKOM HeBblpa3l1Te.TIbHbI II CJIY1:laHHbI no
cpaBHeHllIO C cII6I1pCKHMIi.
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naJIeOJIHT oOHapY}KIIBaeT 3aTe1 5lBCTBeHHYIO 6JIII-
30CTb K HalI60JIee paHHHM naMSITHIIKa).J IO.>KHOrO
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30CTb BbIpa>KaeTCH Y}Ke B HaJIHl1HH IO}KHOH. cpaYHbI
(Elephas namadicus II .up.), a TaKLKe H B 3Ha1:lU-
TeJIbHOH rpy60cTH HHBeHTapH. 1 KaK pa3 IIMeHHO
v
3Ta qepTa xapaKTepHa AJIH IO.>KHOKHTaI1CKOrO II
HH.QoKHTaficKoro «n03;r.Hero naJIeOJIHTa» II «1e-
30JIHTa», rJJ,e 60JIbIIIaH tlaCTb 0pYlI.IIM BbI.lI.eJIbIBa-
JIaCb H3 KpynHbIx, He6pe.>KHO 06pa60TaHHblx ra-
JIeK, nOJIYl1a.BIIIIIX q>OPMY l\IaCCIIBHbIX YlI.aPHbIX
HHcTpYMeHToB. fpYObIH HHBeHTapb IO}KHbIX CTOH-
HOK XOpOllIO rapIOHHpyeT C npHMHTIIBHbI:\f
}KH3HeHHbIM YKJIa.lI,oM MeCTHoro Hace.neHHH, cy-
IIl.eCTBOBaBluero BnJIOTb ;1.0 ca:VIOro KOHll.a KaMeH-
. .
,.,
Horo BeKa npeHMYIllecTBeHHo COOpOM paCTIITeJIb-
HOH }KH3HII H C'be.n.06HbIX MOJIJIIOCKOB, paKoBHHbI
KOTOpbIX COCTaBJIHIOT oCHOBHoe cO.Q.ep}KaHHe
KYJIbTypHbIX CJIOeB. 2 B CII6HpH, HanpoTIIB, ro-
1 M. B 0 u Ie, H. B r e u i 1, E. Lie en t et P. T e i -
'h a rd. Le Paleolithique de 18. Chine. Inst. de Paleontol.
humaine, Memoire, 4, 1928.
2 M. Co I ani. L'age de la pierre dans la province
de Hoa-Binh (Tonkin). Mem. Servo Indo-Chine, vol. XIV,
fase. I; 0 H 11{ e. Notice sur la Prehistoire du Tonkin.
Bull. Servo Geol. Indo-Chine 1 vol. XVII, fase. 1.-
cno.n;CTBOBa..TI B Tel1eHHe na,,'leO.TIHTa COBepIIleHHO
HHOH X03HllCT.BeHHbIH YKJIa.lI., B OCHOBe KOToporo
JIeJKaJIa a pKTlIl1eCKaH OXOTa Ha MHCHoro 3BepH.
ECJIH rra:\fHTHHKH IO}KHOrO KHTaH H I1H.lI.OKIiTaH
...
BbI.l{eJIHIOTCfl BO Bcex OTHOlIleHHHX B OCOOYlO
KYJIbTypHYIO 30HY, TO K ceBepy OT Hee OT f06H
.lI.0 EHlIceH II AJITaH, B CBOIO 011epe.lI.b npo-
CTlipaJIaCb TOr.lI.a 06JIaCTb caMOCTOHTeJIbHOH na-
JIeOJIHTHqeCKOM KYJIbTypbI C IIHbIM X03HMcTBeH-
...
HbIM YKJIa.QoM, C KaqecTBeHHo cBoeoopa3HbD.'1
HHBeHTapeM. feorpaq>HqeCKIiM ueHTp 3TOH
30HbI - He r06H H 6acceHH p. )KeJITOM, a DpH-
6aHKaJIbe.
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TOMY He caMOCTOHTeJIbHOH KYJIbTypHOM 06JIaCTblO.
3a 3TO rOBopHT, HanpliMep, Bce HaJIM'lHbIe }J,aH-
HbIe, n03BOJIHIOIll.He Y}Ke cefil1ac OT'laCTII npoC.l-:le-
,il.HTb He TOJIbKO pa3.TIHl1IIH, HO H npHIYIO CBSI3b
Me}KAY paHHI1MH H rr03HIIMII rraMHTHHKaMH CH-
6HpCKoro naJIeoJIlITa. TaKoB B nepnylO 01:lepe)I.b
06HJIbHbIM KOCTHHOM llHBeHTapb AcpoHTOBOM II,
CXO.l1;HbIM erne BO :\lHorOM C HHBeHTape:\1 MaJIbTbI
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IJeOKHe «acpoHTOBCKHe» H3.lI.eJIIIH. TaKOBbI H MeJI-
KlIe KaMeHHbie H3.lI.eJIIIH H3 KYJIbTypHbIX HaCJIOe-
HIIM AcpOHTOBOfi I I, B KOTOpbIX HeTpY)J.Ho npoCJIe-
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pe311.aMH, npOKOJIKaMII, peTyllIHpoBaHHbIMIi nJIa-
CTIiHaMH H cKpe60qKam MaJIbTbI H EypeTH, XOTH
OHH 3HaqHTeJIbHO MaCCIIBHee II rpy6ee MaJIbTIIH-
CKIIX. HY}KHo, TaKHM o6pa30M, BHHMaTeJIbHO
paCCMOTpeTb 60raTbIe rraMHTHIiKII cH6npcKoro
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marO:VI, 3Tarr 3a 3TanOM pa3BIITHe cBoe06pa3HbIX
oc06eHHOCTeH CH6IIpCKliX naJIeO.l1llTlIqeCKIIX na-
l\'iHTHHKOB, Me,lJ..l1eHHO HapaCTaBIIlIiX B TeqeHHe
pH.lI,a TbICHQeJIeTIiM.
BnepBble Bonpoc 0 npOIICXO>K.lI,eHIIH cBoe06pa3-
HbIX qepT CH6HPCKHX naJ1eOJIHTHl1eCKHX rraMHTHH-
KOB B TaKOM KYJIbTypHO-IiCTOpH1:IeCKOM rrJIaHe
fIOCTaBIiJIH 3oBOJIIOlI.HOHIICTHl1eCKII HaCTpoeHHble
HCCJIe)J.OBaTeJIIL OHII nOJ1araJIII, qTO «.QpefiHena-
JIeOJIHTH1:IeCKlle» CPOpMbI KaMeHHbIX H3.lI.eJIlill CH-
6HpCKHX CTOHHOK YHaCJIe.n.OBaHbI HerrOCpe.il.CTBeH-
HO OT .QpeBHero II cpe)J,Hero naJIeoJIHTa II B YCJIO-
BHHX iBepXHero naJIeOJIIiTa HBJISIIOTCH JIHIIlb
nepe}KI1TKO M, T. e. peJIIIKTa:vm, YHaCJIel1.0BaHHbnm
H. Man s u y. Contribution a I'etude de la Prehistoire
de l'Indo-Chine, Service geologique d'Indo-Chine. Mem.
du vol. X, fasc. I an vol. XII, fase. III; vol. XIV,
fase. I; Bull., vol. XIV, fase. VI, 1923-1925; vol. VII,
fase. I - et II (1920) . - E. P a tt e. Notes sur Ie pre-
historique indochinois: 1. Resultats des fouilles de la
GroUe sepulerale neolithique de J\1inheam (Annam) ;
11. Note sur un outil en rhyolite grossierement taille
pwvenant du Massif Geol. Indo-Chine, vol. XII, fase. I,
1923: Early ma'n in the Far East. Detroit, 1949.-
H. L. M 0 vi 's. Early man and Pleistocene Stratygraphy
in Sonthern and Eastern Asia. Papers Peabody Mus.
Am. Arch. and Ethn.. Harvard University, T. XIX. 1944.
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B OOpMJIeHlm HOBoro YKJIa,l(a >KH3HH.
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HbIM H .lI.eHCl'BeHHbIM opy>KHeM, l1eM npe}KHHe
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3q>$eKTHBHOCTb OXOTbI H TeM caMbIM 06eoneqHJIO
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.
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rnylO rH6KOCTh If nO.lI.BH}KHOC1'b 'OXOTHHqberO
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YJIyqmeHlI10 II 60Jlee rH6KOH opraHlI3all.HH KOJI-
JIeKTHBHoro TpYJI.a, nO,l(HHJIO ero Ha BbIcmyIO
cTyneHb, HOG oCB060.lI.IIBIIIeecH BpeMH MOrJIO
ObITb IICnOJIb30BaHO Ha .lI.PYrHe .rr.ena, cB06o,n,HbIe
'L1IeHbI 06mHHbI MOrJIIi ObITb HanpaBJIeHbI Ha
HHble pa60Tbl.
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Hee, 1:ITO H306peTeHHe HX nOBJIHHJIO Ha pa3'BHTHe
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B nepBYIO 01lepe)J.b pa3Hoo6pa3HbIX JIOBYIIIeK H
«OXOTHH1:IbHX XHTPOCTeH», oco6eHHO }Ke OXOT-
HHQbHX H3fOpOJI.en. 9TH H3rOpOD.H B03HHKJIH K3K
BcnOMOraTeJIbHOe cpeACTBO nplI MaCCOBbIX 06JIa-
Bax - «MaXOBKH». C nOHBneHHeM KaMeHHbIX
TeCeJI «aXOBKH» npeBpamalOTCH B HaCTOHIIllie
H3rOpO.lI.II, CTaHOB5{TCH npOqHbIMIi H nOCTOHHHbIMH
coopY}KeHIIHMH KpynHoro MaCIIITa6a. YnoTpeOJIe-
Hue >Ke JIYKa-caMOCTpeJIa .lI.eJIaeT HX caMOCTOH-
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,:J,OCTaBJIHIOll.J.IIMIi MHCHYIO nHmy.
HecpaBHeHHo JIytIIlle' OCHarn.e.HHblR Te.nepb
B TeXHHtIeCKOM OTHOIIIeHHH OXOTHH1:IHM npOMbICeJI
npHoopeTaeT, TaKHM 06pa30M, 60JIee opraHH30-
BaHHbIH. 1:IeM p3Hbme, xapaKTep. OXOTa B UeJIOM
pall.HOHaJIH3HpyeTcH H .rr.eHCTBHTeJIbHO npeBpa-
LUaeTCH B CBoero pO,Qa HOpMaJIbHYIO OTpaCJ1b
TpY.lI.a. O.n:HOBpeMeHHO, Ha n01:l-se pa3BIITHH OXOT-
HWIbero npOMblCJIa, COBepIIIeHCT.ByeTcH If 3aTeM,
B nO.lI.XOJ!HIIIHX YCJIOBHHX, nO.lI.HIIMaeTCH D.O
ypoBHH BeJJ:YIIlero 3aHHTHH pbI60JIOBCTBO.
Ha 3TOH OCHOBe CKJIal1.bIBalOTCH BbICOKopa3BH-
TbIe ,QJIH HeOJ111Ta KYJIbTypbI nJIeMeH, OCHOBHbIMH
3aHHTHHfH .KOTOpbIX, CY.lJ.H no 06CTOHTeJlbCTBaM,
6bIJIO pbI60JIOBCTBO (HanpHMep Ha TepplITopHH
CCCP aMYPCKIiH HeOJIHT, KeJIbTeMHH3pOKaH
KYJIbTypa) lIJIII OXOTa, llJIH TO II .lI.pyroe BMecTe
(JIecHOM HeOJIHT EBponeHCKOH 1:IaCTH CCCP
C «HM0l1HO-rpe6eHQaTOH KepaMIIKoii»).
KaK 'nOKa3.bIBaeT 3THorpaq>HH, HeKOTopbIe nJIe-
\:IeHa OCTaHOBIIJIHCb Ha ,QOCTlirHYTOM ypOBHe. Ho
B .nPyrHx pafiOHax pa3BHTHe IIIJIO .rr.aJIbIIIe. aT
I MCTOpHH BKn (6). KpaTilliH KYp\:. OrIl3, I"ocnOJlHT-
H3aT, 1946, CTp. 119.
20 OnnaJ:{HHROS A. ll.
OXOTbI, CTaBllleH HOplaJIbHOM O1'paCJIbIO - TpY.l{a,
l1epe3 BCe 60JIee II 60JIee pall.HOHaRbHOe HCnOJIb-
30BaHIIe >KHBOTHbIX JIIOH nepeXOll:HT K CKOTO-
,.,
BO)].CTBY; OT pbIOOJIOBCTBa. BJIHHBrnero Ha YCHJIe-
Hlle OCe.n:.JIOCTH, - K 3efJle.lI.eJIlUO, .n:aJIbHeMmee
pa3BIITHe KOTOpOrO CTaJIO 3aTeM B03MO>KHbIM
6JIaro.Qap5I 38MeHe KaMeHHbIX 0pY.lI.HH I\IeTaJIJIH-
l1eCKH}{H.
B CH6HPH, KaK II Ha 3ana.J.e, 1I3MeHeHIIH
B M£lTepHaJIbHOH KY.rlbType KOHUa naJIeOJIIITH-
l1eCKOro BpeMeHH IIIJIH B TOM LKe CaWM OCHOB-
HO!\.f HanpaBJIeHHH H 03Hal1aJIH He perpecc.
a nepeXO,lJ; K HOBOM, BbICIIIeH CTallHII pa3BHTHH,
OT Cpe.rr.HCM cTyneHII. K BbICllIeM.
3TOT npOllecc HMeJI 3.n:eCb, OHaKO, CBOH OCO-

oeHHOCTH, aHaJIII3 KOTOpbIX :\WLKeT BO MHorOM
pa3'bHCHIITb npOHCXO}K.n:el-lHe KYJIbTYPbl nOCJIe-
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CKOM 06JIaCTH, M ee l\IeCTO B :\mpOBOH HCTOpI-IH
K3MeHHoro BeKa.
n e p B a HOC 0 6 e II HOC T b 33KJII01:IaeTCH
B TOM, l1TO nporpeccHBHbIM nepeJIOM .Ha1:laJICH
3.lI.eCb OTHOCHTeJIbHO paHO. Hal1aJIo ero COBna-
lJ,aeT C MOMeHTOM nOHBJIeHIIH HaHOOJIee pe3Ko
BbIpa>KeHHbIX cBoeo6pa3HbIx npM3HaKoB naJIeo-
JIHTH1:IeCKOH KYJIbTypbI CII6HpH, C TeM BpeleHeM,
K KOTOPOMY OTHOCSITCH TaKlIe naMHTHHKH, KaK
i\cpoHToBa ropa II JI.pyrHe eHHceHCKH€' CTOHHim
rrepBOH rpynnbI, T. e. C n03)1.HH:I Ma.n:JIeHOM
apXeOJIOrHlleCKOH nepHOD.H3all.HII, Kor.rr.a B .lI.OJIIiHe
EHHceH eIII.e CYIQeCTBOBaJIH M£lMOHT II conpo-
BO>K.n:.aBIIlI1e ero apKTHqecKHe }KHBOTHbIe, BKJIIO-
1:IaH necua, a He C a3HJIeM H He C le30-
JIHTOM.
B 3TO BpeMH HaceJIeHlle CH6HpH BOBce He 01'-
CTaJIO H He 3aCTbI.TIO Ha O.IJ:HOM MeCTe. a Ha060-
pOl', pe3Ko onepe.rUIJIO CBOHX 3ana)].HbIx cOBpe-:-
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THeM cneUHanhHO OXOTHHQberO BHCOKopa3BHToro
x03HMcTBa B HanpaBJIeHHII nepexoAa OT cTapbIx
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K OTMe1:leHHbIM CH611pCKH\ol n03.u.HeMa.n:JIeHCKHX If
a3ll.TIbCKHX nOCeJIeHHHX EBporreiicKoH qaCTI1
CCCP, oc06eHHo B nOC.Tle.lI.HHX, 1:IaCTO !1pe06'Ia-
aIOT KOCTII MeJIKHX }KIIBOTHbIX. BbIpa3HTeJIbHbIH
npHMep: )l(ypaBKa Ha p. Y.lI.ae, r.Qe OXOTHH1:IheH
.rr.06bItIeH n01:lTli HCKJII01:IIITeJIbHO C.llV}KIIJIH CTen-
J
Hble rpbI3YHbI - CypOK. PbI}KHH CYC1JI1K H .lI.p.
PaccMaTpHBaH MaTepHaJI )KypaBKH. D. n. Eqm:-
MeHKO npHXO.lI.HT K BbIBO.lI.Y, tITO npe.>KHHH 0611.TIb-
HaH OXOTa 3nOXH MaMOHTa II ceBepHoro OJIeHH
3,l(eCb npIIXO.D;IIT B 3aMeTHbIM yna.lI.oK.1 .
B nOCJ1e.rr.YJOIll.ee BpeMH Ha IOre EBponeHCKoH
l1aCTH CCCP 11 B .lI.Pyrllx 06JJaCTHX CTaporo
CBeTa, B 1:IaCTHOCTH Cpe,l(1I3eMHOMopbH, B nllll.J.e
Me30JIHTHQeCKOrO I1aCeJIeHIIH Ba}KHOe MeCTO 3a-
HHl!aJIH MOJIJIIOCKH H, 01:leBII.rr.Ho, pa3Ho06pa3HaH
paCTHTeJIbHaH nlIlII.a - npo.n.YKTbI COOHpaTeJIb-
CTBa. Ha ceBepe o.rr.HOBpeMeHHO pa3BHBaeTCH
I n. n. E 4> H Me H K O. nepBo6bITHoe o6mecTBo, 1938,
CTp. 597.

154
TJACTb II. IIPHBARKAJIbE B HEOJIHTHqECROE BPEW!
f.I'!ABA v. npOHCXOiRJI:EHIIE nPIIBARKAJIbCKOrO HEOJIHTA
155
OXOTa Ha pbI6y, CJle.ll.aMH KOTOpOH HBJIHIOTCH
MHOr01:lHCJIeHHWe rapnYHoo6pa3HWe HaKOHeHHKH
MeTaTeJIbHbIX .lI.pOTIIKOB H3 03epHbIX OTJIO}KeHHM
aHU,HJIOBOro BpeMeHII, a 3aTe:\-1 Ii HaCJIOeHIIH n.aT-
CKIIX paKOBIIHHbIX KYl1.
B CH6I1pH, HeClOTpH Ha nOCTeneHHbIe nepe-
MeHbI B npHpO.J.e, CMeHa cpayHbI npOIICXOLlHJIa
MelI:JIeHHee, TaK KaK }KIIBOTHbIM MHp JIel{HIiKOBoro
nepHO.lI.a B:\-leCTe C oTcTynaHHel\'1 JIb.ll.OB YXO;I.HJI
Bce .QaJIbme H l{aJIbIIIe Ha ceBep, B TOM HCJIe H
B rJIy6b C1I61Ipll, r.lI.e, CJIe.lI.OBaTeJIbHO, .rr.O.i1bIIle
COXpaHHJIaCb 06CTaHOBKa, xapaKTepHaH .lI.JIH
EBpon JIe.lI.HIIKOBOro BpeeHII.
XapaKTepHO, 1:ITO naJIeOHTOJIOrli Bo06me OT-
Me1laIOT n:JIH CII6IIpH nOpa3HTeJIbHYIO YCTOHl1l1-
BOCTb a pKTHeoKoM «BlOpMCKOH» II l{a}Ke 60JIee
paHHeH cpaYHbI. CaHra, HanpHMep, OTCYTCTByeT
BO Bcex BepXHenaJIeOJIIITH1:IeCKliX CTOHHKax Pyc-
CKOM- paBHHHbI, ee OCTaTKII H3BeCTHbI JIHIIIb
B KpbIMY II Ha EHIIcee (AcpOHTOBa II HIlI).
rlIraHTcKHM OJIeHb TaK}Ke H3BeCTeH TOJIbKO
B KpbIMY H Ha AHrape (Bepxo.TIeHCKaH ropa).
To }Ke OTHOCHTCH K 3y6py H 6JIarOpO.il,Ho:\IY
OJIeHIO: «06a OHH He BCTpel1aIOTCH HJIH pe3BbI-
1:IaMHO pe.ll.KH B CTOHHKax n03l{Hero naJIeOJIHTa
Cpe.lI.HeH nOJIOCbI BOCT01:lHOM EBponbI II BCTpe-
tIalOTCH JIHIIIb Ha KaBKa3e, B KpbIMY II Ha .lI.aJIe-
KOM BOCTOKe (BepXOJIeHCKaH ropa, MaJlbTa) ».1
nOnpe}KHeMY YCTOMl1HBO B CH6HpCKOM {a!I.JIeHe
CYIIl.eCTBYIOT H rJIaBHbIe npe,rr,CTaBHTeJIH «MaMOH-
TOBOM» <l>aYHbI: CHaqaJIa Hocopor, a eme n03.l1.-
Hee - MaMOHTbI.
DOJIbIIIOe 3Ha1:leHHe .lI.JIH oomero HanpaBJIeHHH
pa3BIITHH KYJIbTypbI Hero TeMnOB 'IIplI 3TOM
.il,OJI}KHbI 6bIJIH HMeTb KOJIOCCaJIbHbIe II CJIaOO
3aCeJIeHHble JIIO.lI.bMH rrpOCTpaHCTBa CH6HPH, r!I.e
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K 3ana.ll.Y OT YpaJIa.
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pa>KaIOT MHOr01:lHCJIeHHbIe OCTaTKH KpynHbIx
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CTOHHKax CH6HPH, 'BnJIOTb AO Ca{bIX MOJIO.QbIX H3
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,. 
COO aM OXOTHHIIHH rrpOMbICeJI, COCTaBJIHBmHH
.
3.n;eCb OCHOBY cyru.eCTBOBaHHH, paHO BbI3BaJI CO-
OTBeTCTBYIOIIl.lle C.lI.BHrH B MaTepHaJIbHOM KYJIb-
Type, onpe.lI.eJIlIJI Te ee 3JIeMeHTbI, "KOTOpble
OT.n:e.rrHIOT n03.n:HHe naMHTHIiKH cII6HpCKoro
""
rraJIeoJIHTa OT OOJIee paHHHX - MaJIbTIIHCKoro
IIHKJIa (nOHBJIeHHe pa3JIHIIHbIX OpYl{HM .lI.JIH 06-
pa60TKH .lI.epeBa, .lI.JIH coopY}KeHHH JIOBymeK H
OXOTHlIl1blIX H3ropo!l:eM, KaMeHHblX HaKOHeHIIKOB
KonHff H KOCTHHbIX - BKJIaJ(bIllIeBoro THna).
K HCJIY HOBblX nporpeccHBHbIX HBJIeHHR
B KYJIbType CJIe,::r,yeT OTHeCTIi H YCTaHOBJIeHHbIH
IICCJIe.lI.OBaTeJIHMII AcpOHTOBOll ropbI H Bepxo.neH-
I B. H. f P 0 MOB. KpaTKHH CHCTeMaTHqeCKHH H CTpa-
THrpaqJHqeCKHH 0630p qeTBepTHqHbIX MleKOnHTalO1ltMx.
C60pH. «AKaI1eMHH HaYK CCCP - aKaI1eMHKy B. A. 06-
pyqeBY K 5O-JIeTHIO aayqHo-HCCJIeI10BaTeJIbCKOH I1eHTe..lb-
HOCTH». I-II. JI.. 1938.
CKOM rOpbI cpaKT nOHBJIeHHH )J.OMaIIIHeH c06aKH.\
Co6aKa B CII611pH nOHBHJIaCb, TaKHM 06pa30:\1,
paHbllIe, l1e'1 B .n:pyrHx MeCTax 3eMHoro IIIapa,-
eme B :\-la.ll.JI.eHe (AcpOHTOBa II). 3TO TOLKe CBII-
.1eTeJIbCTByeT 0 paHHeM H BbICOKO:\1 pa3BHTHH
Y naJIeOJIIITlIl1eCKHX nJIeMeH CII6HpH OXOTbI B Ka-
lleCTBe OCHOBHoro 3aHHTHH, TaK KaK HeT cOlHe-
HHH, TO C caMoro Ha1:laJIa co6aKa CTa.TJa cnVT-
.,
HIIKOM H BepHbIM nOMOIUHHKOM l1e.TJOBeKa B npo-
IbICJIe.
C HCKJIIOl1HTeJIbHbIM SHaeHlIe:\1 OXOTbI H paH-
HHM BbICOKHM pa3BIITllel\'1 ee 6bIJI CBH3aH TaK-
Me 06II1.IIM XO.ll. II xapaKTep npOll.eCca BbIpa-
"" "
OOTKII HOBOH TeXHIIKH, HOBoro IIHBeHTapH, T. e.
BTopaH H HaH60JIee pe3KaH OTJIII1:IIITeJIbHaH l1epTa
cH6HpCKoro naJIeOJIHTa. KaK H3BeCTHO, K 3ana.J:Y
'JT YpaJIa B KOHlI.e naJIeOJIHTa OTMel1aeTCH nOCJIe-
l(OBaTeJIbHOe «H3l\feJIblIaHHe» Ka:\leHHbIX opy.rr.IIM,
H OCHOBHaH JIIIHHH nporpeeCIIBHoro pa3BHTHH
TeXHHKII 06pa6oTKH KaMHH HaXO.ll.IIT CBoe BbIpa-
>KeHHe B pacnpOCTpaHeHHH HOBbIX nplieMOB OT-
.lI.eJIeHIIH OT npH3M3TH1:IeCKOrO HYKJIeyca TOHKIIX
HJIaCTHH H paCCel1eHIIH IIX Ha OCOOble, eIll.e 60JIee
:\1eJIKHe aCTH.
B TOp a HOC 0 6 e H HOC T b B pa3BIITHH
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TeXHHKH o6pa60TKH KaMHH nomJIO IIHa1:le. Tex-
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epCKOH TeXHHKe (HO He .llpeBHenaJIeOJIHTlllIeCKOH).
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3TOH OCHOBe nOHBJIHIOTCH KaMeHHe OPYAIIH
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KOHelIHHKII KonHM Tllrra I1JIbCKOH - 3pllHrc-
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pa60TKH .lI.epeBa, HeCOMHeHHO OOCJIY>KHBaBIIIHe
nOTpe6HOCTli .lI.peBHHX OXOTHHKOB.
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B03BpaTOM K .npeBHHM npHe)IaM CKpbmalOTCH
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qeCKHX OXOTHHKOB CHOHpH. «B0306HOBJIeHne
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poe Hamno CBoe BbIpa}KeHHe B npe06.lIa.il:aHHH
TIJIaCTnH KaK 3arOTOBOK lLJIH opy.u.nfI H ilOCTHrJIO
npe,!(eJIa B MHKpOJIHTHeCKOM TeXHHKe Tap.n;eHya3a
Ha 3ana.n.e.
CH6Hpb He TOJIbKO MHHOBaJIa :\mKpOJIIITHl1e-
CKYIO CTa,::r,HIO lJIepe.ll, caMbIM ee Ma.rr.JIeHCKHM Ha-
a.IJOM, HO H B COBepIIIEHHO HHbIX cpOP}faX, 1.J:e1
Ha 3arra.J.e, H B IIHOe BpeMH, 3a.ll.O..:lro ,J,O Kal-
nHHblI, MarJIe:\103e II KbeKeHMe!I.,[umrOB CKaH.J,II-
HaBI<IH, npOIIIJIa rrOJIOcy pa3BIITIIH MaKpOJIIITlIl1e-
CKOM TeXHHKH.
KaK 6bI B nopHlIKe B03BpaTa K cpe.n:HeIY
na.TfeO.,lIITY. Ha CMeHY n.TJaCTliHe CHOBa nplIxo.aHT
Tenepb BaJIYH, ABYCTOPOHHHH o6pa60TKa KOTO-
poro ;J.aeT COBce1 He OCTpOKOHel1HOe pYQHDe
py6IIJIO IIleJl.TJbCKOrO H aIIIeJIbCKOrO Tllna, a Mac-
CIIBHoe 0pYHe C npOl1Hbnl II IIIlIpOIm1 PYOHII1.H)1
JIe3BlIe:\'1 - Torrop.
TonopbI 3TII HenOXO.IKH Ha 3ana.il:Hble H3 ::\oIe30-
JIHTa. B CII6npII HeT py65Iumx opy.aaM T:ma nHK,
KaK HeT II TpaHIIIe, C ..'Ie3BHeI, ocpop:\lJIeHHbIM
xapaKTepHbIM CKO.TJOf. .lJ.peBHeMIIIHe cHOnpCI<Hc
TonopbI H TeCla 113 HaXO.il,OK Ha AcpOHTOBOti rope
II Bepxo.n:eHcKoM rope IIMeIOT, 06bIl1HO, BIIJJ, npo-
.'IO..'IbHO paCKO.TJOTbIX ra..1eK C C.TJerKa p.€.10011a-
T?J!\i JIe3BHe11 H.TJII KJIHHbeB 113 .1..1liHHOM raJIbKH
C peTYIIIllpOBaHHbIM npSI:\:IbBI JIe3BHe:\L 1 B ,l{pyTOJI
CJIYl1ae TaKoM Tonop BblpaOOTa.1CH, ,lI,O.1J>KHO 6bITb,
II3 Cnell.lIcpHl1eCKIIX l(.lH CR6HpH n lI.eHTpa.TIbHOM
A3111I 60JIbIIIIIX HYKJIeYCOB cKpe6KOB, 06JIa.J.alO-
II1.HX nOnepe1:lHbIM JIe3BlIeI,2 llJIII 113 llHCKOBHll-
HbIX 113,J,eJIIiM. Te:\1 He :\leHee Bce 3TO nO;I:JIHHHble
Tec.rra II TonopbI, cpopMa II pa3!\lepbI KOTOpbIX
HCHO onpe.1eJIHIOT HX <PYHKll.HII. 113 MaCCHBHbIX II
KpyrrHbIx, KaK B MYCTbe, CKO.TIOB C .J,IICKOH,::r,aJIb-
HbIX HYKJIeYCOB H raJIeK TaKLKe BbI.il:eJIbIBaIOTC5I
pa3Ho06pa3Hble 0pYJJ.IIH .il:JIH 06pa6oTKH .n;epeBa,
lIarne Bcero - 3TO MaCCHBHble rrOJIYJIYHHble
cKpe6JIa, 06JIa,J",aIOIIJ.He npOIIHbD-1 H OCTpbIM JIe3-
""
BHe:\-l, a TalOKe pa3Hooopa3Hble HO>KII II OCTpHSI.
B npoll.ecce pa3BHTHH rpy6bIx, HHor;r,a n01:lTlI
He OT.1Hl1HlbIX OT MYCTbepCKHX !TIO pa3MepaM :H
cpop:\le, 113,l{eJIIiM Tllna OCTpOKOHe1:lHUKa OllHOBpe'.
MeHHO nOHBJIHIOTCH H HaCTOHru.lIe 60eBble HaKO-
HeqHHKH KonHH 113 Kai\IHH. Bce 3TO BMeCTe
e KHH}KaJIaMH, HaKOHel1HHKal\lH KonlIll Ii raprry-
HaMil H3 KOCTH 6bIJ10 IIMeHHO Te:.\1H BeII1.a}IH, B
KOTOpbIX OCTpO HYLK;r:a.llCH nepB06bITHbIH OXOTHHK
Ha rpaHII Toro BpeMeHH, Kor.n:a OXOTa YLKe npe-
BpamaeTCH B 06bIQHYIO OTpaCJIb TPY.i1a. 3TH
""
npellMeTbI CTaJIH HeooxOH:\IbI T01:lHO TaK :iKe, KaK
""
B CBoe BpeMH HYLKHbI ObWII OXOTHU1:IbH HO>KII,
,.,
KorrbH II CKpeOu'Ia MYCTbepCKO:\iY OXOTHHKY.
B03BpaT K HeKOTopbIM ;I.peBHH}1 TeXHH1:IeCKIHI
rrplIeMaI 6bI.TI, CleJJ.OBaTe.TIbHO, BnO.:'IHe 3aKOHO-
:\iepHbIM II HeH36e1KHbI}!.
B03BpaT 3TOT ObI..l nOJJ,rOTOBJIeH II BbI3BaH BceM
XO.u.OM X03HMcTBeHHoro pa3BUTHH, Bce:\IH Me.1-
I H. K. A Y:3 P () a x H f. Il Co C HOB C K H if. MaTe-
pHl.IIbI K H3yqeHHIO na.leOJIHTHqeCKOH HH1J.YCTPHH H YC.10-
BHii ee HaXO:iK.rr.eHHH Ha CTOHHKe. «AcpoHToBa ropa».
Ta6.1J. I, pHC. 4-5, II - 9, 10. - G. Bon ch. 0 s m 0-
I 0 Y sky and V. G rom 0 Y. The paleolithic period in
the Soviet Union Soc. Republic, Wash., 1933, Plate 2, 7,
8, 13 (TOnopbI Bepxo.leHcKoH ropbI).
2 TaKJle Opy.rr.HH HaHil.eHbI Y:iKe B Eypem, A410HTOBOH HI
(H. K. A y :3 P () a X. YK. COq., Tao:!. 12, pHC. 4, 4a, 46) J
Ha CTOHHKe IToHoMapeBcKoH B AOJIHHe JleHbI H Ha CTO-
HHKe Ycrb-EenoH.
20.
I f. n. Co C HOB C K H H. K HCTOpHU CKOTOBOI1CTna
B CHOHpH. ITpo6.lIeMbI npOHCXO:iK;r.eHIfH, 3BO'1IOl.{HH Ii 110-
p0I1006pa30BaHHH I10MaIIIHHX JKHBOTHbIX, T. I, 1940,
CTp. 135-137. (HMeeTcH 6H6JIHOrpaI}JHH.)
..1eHHO HapacTaBIlIHMII B }KH3HH HaCeJIeHHH npH-
6aHKanbH B n03.ll,HeM naJIeOIITe CBIiraMIi.
BbIHYLK.il,eHHble IICKaTb HOBbIe cpOpMbI II THnbI
OpY.IT,lIll Tpy.n;a, .rr.peBHHe OXOTHHKH CIIOHpli
j{O.'I}KHbI 6bI.TIH 06paTIITbCH H K HOBbnf TeXHlIlIe-
CKH:'vI rrplieMaM, OKa3aBIIlII}ICH Ha rrepBbIX rropax
"
O.iIH3KHMII K a pXaHl1eCKII:\I - MYCTbepCKH1.
CJIe..1yeT, KCTaTH, OTl\IeTIITb, l1TO BTOpHl1HOe no-
HB.TJeHHe «.il:peBHHX cpOpI» H apXalll1eCKOM Tex-
HI1KH, XOTH II B HeCKOJIbKO IIHOl\1 BII.lle - B BII.lI.e
B03BpaTa K .n;peBHena.,'IeOJ1I1TII1:IeCKII:\-1 nplleMa{
OTecbIBaHIiSI ra.TIeK (MaKpOIITbI), npOCJIe}KII-
B8eTCH II Ha 3ana;r.e, B 3ana;r:HoM EBpone, np:iI
nepeXO.lI.e OT naJIeOJIIITa K HeOJIIITy. 1
B CII6HpCKliX YCJIOBHHX TaKoM nYTb pa3BIITliH
OOJIerl1a.TICH, B03:MOLKHO, OC06bIl\1H KOHKpeTHO-
HCTOplll1OCKHMII YCJIOBIIH:\1H - coce.rr.CToBOM C IOro-
BOCTOl1HbDIH 06JIaCTHMH A3IIII. B.,lIISIHlIe cyme-
CTBOBaBIIlIIX Ta:\1 TeXHH1:IeCKHX Tpa.ll.II11.HM, MO:iKeT
6b1Tb, OKa3a.'IOCb B 3THX YC10BIISIX 6JIarOTBOpHbIM
H nocY)Kllno TOJI1:IKOM JIH BW3peBaHliH Tex HO-
BbIX TeXHlIl1eCKHX npHelOB II TlinOB HHBeHTapH,
KOTOpbIX Tpe60Ba.TJa MeCTHaH 06CTaHOBKa.
T peT b HOC 0 6 e H HOC T b, OTJIlIl1aIOru.aSI
..
pa3BIITIIe n03;'J.HenaJIeOJIHTlIl1eCKOH KYJIbTypbI
B CII6upII - MeJJ.J1eHHble TeMnbI II ,IT..TJHTeJIbHOe
cymecTBoBaHlie B O.1HIIX II Tex }Ke cpop:\lax. PaHO
CJIO}KHBIIIHCb BO Bcex CBOHX OCHOBHbIX 1:IepTaX,
n03!1;HenaJIeOJIHTII1:IeCKaH KYJIbTypa CII6HpII YCTofi-
"
l1HBO COXpaHHJIa CBOII xapaKTep .lI.0 calOro
KOHlI.a. B 3TOM YTOIIHeHHOl\I C:\lbICJIe HeJIb3SI He
rrpll3HaTb OT1:IaCTli cnpaBe.n.Jll1BbIM npHBe.lI.eHHOe
BbIIIle 06II1.ee onpe.rr.e.TIeHlIe n. n. EcpHMeHKo oco-
6eHHocTeM clI6l1pcKor naJIeOJIHTa no cpaBHeHHIO
C CIIHXpOHHbIMI! 3ana;tHbIMH naMHTHHKaMH.
I(aK Y}Ke OT}le1:laJIOCb, TaKOll OTHOCHTeJIbHO
n03AHHM 3Tan, KaK npe.i1cTaBJIeHHM HaXOKaMH
Ha Bepxo.TJeHCKOH rope, BO MHorOI OTJIII1:IaeTCH
OT caMoro paHHero 3Tana n03)J.Hero naJIeOJIHTa
C1I611plI, H3BeCTHoro Ha:\1 [10 AcpOHTOBOM II HIli.
TexHHKa 113rOTOBJIeHHH lKaMeHHbIX 0PY.ll.HH nOll-
HIIMaeTCH 31I.eCb JJ.O HaH60JIee BbICOKoro B naJIeo-
JIHTe ypOBHH, 0 lIe:\1 CBH.n:eTeJIbCTBYeT TOT cpaKT,
lITO Tenepb BnepBble nOHBJIHIOTCH 113.n:eJIIIH HOBbIX
cpOpM (JIaBpOJIHCTHble HaKOHeQHHKH H3 KaMHSI,
porOBbIe n.ll0CKIIe rapnYHbI).
Ho B OCHOBHOM 06JIHKe KYJIbTypbI cymecTBeH-
HbJX nepeMeH He npOH30mJIO.
nOpa311TeJIbHO CXO.n.CTBO OCHOBHoro KaeHHoro
IIHBeHTapH, HanpliMep, AcpOHTOBOH ropbl, C O.il:HOM
CTOpOHbI, TIIIKaHKH, lum BepXHero ropH30HTa
1\laJlbTb:, - C .lI.PyroM.
I1CKJII01:IIITe.TIbHO Ba}KHO C HCTopHl1eCKOM TOqKII
3peHIIH, 1:ITO B TaKO:\1 }Ke YCTOM1:IUBO:\1 II cTa6l1JIb-
H01\l BHJ(e n03,l{HIIM rra.TIeO.TIHT Bn.i10THYIO conpll-
KacaeTCH C HeOJIIiTOM.
HaCKo.."'IbKO 6JIH3KO no;r.XO;I.SIT"B .:r.eHCTBIITeJIb-
HOCTH ,l{pyr K .J.pyry na.TJeOJIHT 1I Heo.TJHT CII6HPH.
nOKa3bIBaIO T npOH3Be.lI.eHHble Iv1. Iv\. repaclIMo-
I IT. IT. E 41 H M e H K o. HeKoTOpbIe HaXOAKH KaMeHHblX
OpYAHH B TBepcKoH H HOBropoAcK.QH ry6 H HX MeCTO
B CHCTeMe eBponeHcKoH naJIe03THO.l0rHH. PYCCK. aHTpO-
IiOJI. :iKYPH., N 1-2. 1916.

156
Y.J:ACTb II. I1PMBAFlJV\.'1bE B HEOJIHTHY.J:ECJ{OE BPEMR
rJ'IABA v. npOHCXOllij{EHIIE nPIiBAflRAJlbCROrO HOJIHTA
157
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COJIIOTpeMCKO-la.lI.JIeHCKIIM CJIOeM 3aJIeraJI 8TO-
" " "
pOH, «n()3JJ.HenaJIeOJIHTWICCKHR», paCnOJImKeHHblR
np51MO I10.lL .nepHoM, 3Ha1JHTeJIbHO BbIllie HII}KHero
CJIOH.
TaK MOr'10 CJIYl1HTbCH, KaK OTMelJ8.1JOCb BbI lIle ,
JIHIllb no TOM nplp.ume, 'tlTO 311.eCb Y)Ke B naJleo-
"
HTe CJIO)KIIJIOCb pa3BHToe OXOTHII1:Ibe X03HIICTBO,
80 MHorOM COOTBeTCTBOBaBII1ee 06r.ueMY ypOBHro,
OCTHrHYTOMY Ha 3ana;I:e B Me30JIHTII1JeCKOP
BpCMH, CTHMYJIbI >Ke K .naJIbHeHIIIeMY pa3BMTHIO
TeXHIIKH OTCYTCTBOBaJIH. 3BepH 6bIJIO fHoro,
Tpa.lI.HIJ.IIOHHble OXOTHHl1bH npHefbJ .lI.OCTaBJIHJIIi
Bce He06xoll:HMoe lVIH }KM3HH B .nOCT8T01:lHOM
KOJIHl1eCTBe.
D03T<J:MY, HeC:VIOTpH Ha paHHee nporpeCCHBHoe
pa3BHTHe HJIH, BepHee, HMeHHO 113-3a Hero, KYJIb-
TYPHbIR ypOBeHb JIOCHblX nJIeMeH CU6n:pH OCTa-
BanCH ewe OIIeHb HH3KHM. OHH .lI.OJIro He :\lOrJIIi
3aBepIIIIITb nepeXO,D.a OT naJIeOJIHTa K paHHeMY
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POMY OTHOC51TC51 CT051HKH BO.nH3li O.nOHOK 11
B YCTbe BeJIOM, nOBH.lI.HMOMY, OTCYTCTBOBano
pemalOIll.ee ,D.JIH 3Toro BpeMeHH opY}KHe - JIYK
II CTpeJIbI. He 6bIJIO em.e 113BeCTHO, .rr.OJI}KHO 6bITb,
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.
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nepHo,!J;a MO}KeT CBH.neTeJIbCTBOI3aTb 3aTeM He-
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HBJ1HeTCH pe3KIL\1 KOHTpacToil :no OTHomeHHIO
K 06HJIIIIO naMHTHIiKOB HeOJIHTa HJIH .u.aLKe
rraneOJIHTa. CYTb .lLeJIa, 01:leBII,nHO, 3aKJIIOqaeTCH
B TOM l1TO naJIeO.TJIIT He TOJIbKO 6JIH3KO nO.lI.OIIleJl
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(HaKOHe1:lHHim KonliH H' KIIHLKaJIbI). rapnYHbI,
HaKOHell., rpy6bIe, eIII.e TOJIbKO 06611Tble, no
q,opMe Y}Ke BO MHorOM CXO)].Hble C HeOJIHTE-
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naJIeOJIHTa, KaK BepXOTIeHCKaH ropa, YmKaHK8 H
BbIM HCCJIen:OBaHIIH n03lJ.HenaJIeOJlHTHl1eCKOH:
CTOHHKII B YCTbe p. Ee.rrOH. 06UTaTe..TIH ...1peBHero
noce.rreHRH B 3TO1 MeCTe nOJIb30BaJUlCh erne
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tuHe Ha A<POHTOBOH rope, - I{PynHbIMIf OBa.Tlb
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B ynoTpe6J1eHHH KJIHHOBHif.HbIe 066HTI:>le Tono
plIKIf BpOJIe HaMJI.eHHbIX Ha BepXOJIeHCKOM rope,
MaCCHBHbIe (OKPyrnbIe B Cel1eHHH) rapllYHbI H3
pora H KOCTH.
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XpOHOJIOrHl1eCKOrO MeCTa CTOHHKH B'pHY naMHT
HH{QB KaMeHHoro BeKa CH6HpII IIMeIOT, O.lI.HaKO,
He 3TH UeJIHKOM eIIJ.e naneOJIHTHl1eCKlie no TlIny
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TOl1Hee, MC30JIHTH1:IeCKaH) KYJ1 bTyp a , CJIe,il.OBa-
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pbIX lbI HaXO;J:HM HeOJIHTH1:IeCKOrO 1:IeJIOBeKa
npH6aHKaJIbH II npHeHlIceMCKoro KpaH. KaK 6bI
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6JIII3KOe CXO}K,.'I,eHlIe na..1eOJUfTa H HeOJIIITa, 3.lI.eCb
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B KaKlIx-HH6Y.lI:b 30-40 C:\oI OT naJleOJIIITHl1eCKoro
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K O,nHOIY THny H BpeMeHII co CTOHHKOM
B YCTbe p. o eJIoff , rroBH.lI.HMOMY, OTHOCHTCH HaH-
.u.eHHoe Ha.MH B 1940 r. .n:peBHee noceneHlle
B6J1H31I C. OJIOHKH, Ha npaBO)f 6epery AHrapbl
B YCTbe p. YJIHIIIHOM. KYJIbTYPHbIe OCTaTKH 3aJIe-
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rHl1Ha HaH.lI.eHHoM B YCTbe 6eJloM, oJleCHaH. B IIH-
BeHTape TO}Ke 06paIll.aIOT BHHMaHHe . 60JI blil He
nOJIYJIYHHbIe cKpe6JIa H3 KBa, pll.IITa THnHlJHble
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qaeTCH 0006011. CKynOCTblO H OrpaHHQHBaeTCH
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B OCHOB8HIIH II Ha caMOM OCTplle. npll 3TOi\f
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mee pacnpe.lI.eJIeHHe: lJepeH()K peTymHpyeTcH
C 6pIOIIIKa, OCTpHe - co cnIIHKH, a IIHOr1l.a
cnHHKa II COBceM OCTaeTCH 6e3 06pa6oTKU}
I G. D. C Jar k. The mesolithic settlement oi Northern
Europe. A Study of the food gathering peoples of
Northern Europe during the early postgJazial period.
Cambridge, 1936; 0 R }K e. The mesolithic Age in Bri-
t<.;in. Cambridge, 1932, crp. 181, cpHr. 4, 8, 9; crp. 19<:>,
q,nr. 20, 21, 22. - L. Saw i c k i. Przemvsl swiderski i .
Stanowiska widmowegn Swidry Wielkie. I. Przeglad
Archeologieczni, V, 1, PQznan, 1935, Ta6.'1. XXV, pHe. 10.
11, 15, 19, 25, 26, 58.
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TOBJIeHHH. HaKOHel1HHKII 3TII BMeCTe C TeM HM
pa3Y He BCTpe1:laJIUCb, KaK MbI BII!I,e.TIH, B HHBeH-
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CMOTpH Ha 06HJIIIe B HeM pa3Hoo6pa3HbIX H
BbIJI.ep}KaHHbIX ,no THnaM KaMeHHbIX HaKOHelJ-
HHKOB CTpe.n, HMeIOII1.IIX Ba}KHoe 3Ha1.Iel-IHe B Ka-
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6aMKaJIbcKoro HeOJIHTa.
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HRM HaM.I1.eHO B 1934 r. B na.I1.H 4aCTb1e Ha
I n. n. E cp H M e H K o. MeJIKHe KpeMHeBJe 0PYllHSJ
reOMeTp11<J.eCKHX 11 11Hb1X ca6pa3Hblx o<J.epTaH11H B pyc-
CKHX CTOflHKax paHHeHeOJ1HTHtleCKOro B03paCTa. PYCCK.
aHTpOnOJI. }f{YPH., T. XIII, N!! 3-4, 1924, crp. 211-
227. - O. H. B a .IT. e p H M. B. B 0 e B 0 .zr. C K Hit CTOflHIOi
P0.zr.OBOro 061ItecTBa. ApxeoJIOrHlIeCKHe pa60Tbl AKalleMHJi
Ha HOBOCTpoHKax B 19321933 rr. 113B. rA11l\\K,
Bbln. 109, 1935, CTp. 146-149. - M. B. B 0 e BOll C K H if
H n. H. Bop He K 0 B C K It it CTOSlHKB «E.1HH Bop». COB.
apXeOJJOrHfI, III, 1937, CTp. 77-99. - M. B. B 0 e B 0 it-
C K H A. CToflHKa «fpeMflqee». COB. apxeOJIOrnSI, V, 1938;
o H )K e. CTOflHKa «fpeMHlIee». naJIeOJIHT H HeO.TIHT
CCCP. MaTep. II HCc.TJe.iX. no apXeOJlOrHH CCCP, BbIn. 2,
1941, crp. 142-148. - M. 3. n a H If 11 K H H B. Me30JIHTli-
qeCKafi CTOflHKa «EOPKH» (no HCc.'1ejJ.OBaHHflM B. B. .lI.0.
KyqaeBa). TaM. >Ke, corp. 149-157.

158
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,
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DpH TaKOl\l 1IllipOKOM pacnpocTpaHeHHli B
npu6aMKaJlbe IICaKOBCKHe naMHTHIIKH OCTaIOT-
CH Bce )Ke He:\fHorOl1HC.lJeHHbnm; n03ToIY MO)KHO
rrOJIaraTb, l1TO npo.n;OJILKIiTe.l1bHOCTb 3Tana 6bI.TIa
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OTHOCUTeJIbHO HeOOJIblIlOH, HaCeJIeHHe )Ke OCTa-
BaJIOCb ell.J.e MaJIOl1HCJIeHHbI:\I. Do :\1aTeplIaJIal\I
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Ha TC1KOH em cTyneHH, Kor.n;a Y >KIITeJIeH npH-
6aHl:aJIbH, KaK, CKa3aHO BbIIIle, Y}Ke 6bI.TIH B
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B 06meM ll.enu naMHTHIIKOB npH6allKaJIbCKOrO
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Typbl (pIIC. 19-23).
r 06pa3Il.bI KepaMHKII o6HapYlKeHbi B 6 norpe-
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MeHblile 18 CM BbICOTOH COCY,lJ.OB HeT, a caMbIM
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KOM roplilKOB HMeeT B BbICOTY 23 CM. nplI )1.Ha-
MeTpe ropJIa, Hall60JIee lliUpOKOll cBoeM 1:IaCTII,
20 CM. CY.lI.H no c}JparMeHTaM 113 .lI.pyrHx norpe-
6eHHM, OCTaJIbHble COCYJIbI IIMeJIlI 6JIH3KHe pa3-
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B HeKOTopblX CJIyqaHX Ha6JIIO.naeTC5I 3Ha1:lH-
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KID-III Ii pe3KHMH (pHC. 24).
OpHa:\IeHT l1pe3BbIQaMHO npocT, 06bIQHO - 3TO
KpyrJIble. MaJleHbKHe HMKH, oKaib..mHIOllI.ll.e CHH3Y
BeHl1 lIK OH OM ropll30HTaJIbHOH rroocKoM cHapy
1 Emil V 0 g t. Geflechte und Gewebe der Steinzeit.
Monogr. zur Ur- und Friihgesch. der Schwe;z, heraus-
g-eg. von der Schweiz.Gesellsch. fUr Urgeschichte, Bd. I.
Basel, 1937. CTp. 35 H CJJ.

168
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1:IaeTCH pH6qaTOCTb B BH.rr.e KaK 6bI n03MTHBHoro
OTTHCKa TOM }Ke ceTKH.
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HYTb npH 3TO:\f, 1:ITO Ha cocYlI.ax HcaKOBCKoro
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a He TKaHH. HaCTOHII.J.aH TKaHb, BepOHTHO, ObIJIa
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I 113B. EHo.1.-reorp. HaYIJHO-HCC.JI. HHCT., T. ill, BbIn. VI,
I1pK)"TCK, 1926, CTp. 15. - BnepBbIe MblCJ1b 0 npH[eHeHHH
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wero HX 06.TJOMKH Ha p. THre. CCLI.la5lCb IW 3THorpa4JH-
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.ll.epeBHHHYIO CPOPMY, a cHapY1KH 06epTblBa.'IaCb n.'IeTeHKOH
H3 paCTllTeJIbHbIX BO.10KOH, HanpliMep 1I3 TpocTHHKa H.'In
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500-1300 rr. H. 3. («Ozark bluff Dweller
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c060:\-1 COCY;I.bI C OTneqaTKanl KOp311HbI cHapYLKH
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B.TIIIHJIa Ha cpOPMY cocy.na, BII!I.HO H3 Toro, qTO
TaK Ha3bIBaeMbIe «squared vase» B T01:lHOCTH
nOBTopHIOT OqepTaHHH xapaKTepHblx lleTbIpex-
yrOJIbHbIX KOp3I1H. TaK LKe, pa3YMeeTcH, H3rOTOB-
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n."'IeTeHbIX KOp3I1H. 3
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IIIHX CBoero pOJI,a '!popMaMII .u.JIH H3rOTOBJIeHIIH
rJIHHSlHbIX COCY;l;OB, H Ha ,UaJIbHeM BOCTOKe, r.u;e
OHIf 06HapYLKeHbI Ha cocYlf.ax M3 CJIOeB HeOJIHTII-
qeCKOrO TOpcpHHHKa KopeKaBa B ceBepHOM 5Ino-
HHH. 03
TeM He MeHee MbICJIb CII611pCKliX HCC-ile;:r:OBa T e-
.neH 0 TOI, lITO rlinOTe3a 06 H3rOTOBJIeHHH .lI.peB-
HeHlIlHx r.TIHHHHbIX COCy.n.OB «6..1eCTHIll.e no.rr.TBep-
MJIaCb HaM;I;eHHbIMH B paHHe HeOJIIITe CII6HpH
1:IepenKaMli co c."'Ie!I.aMH nJIeTeHIIH», HeJIb3H Cqll-
TaTb ueJIliKOM npaBHJIbHoit B .lI.enCTBUT€.ilbHOCTII,
1 B. A. fop 0 a I-l 0 B. Apxeo.'lOrIl5l, L KaMeHHblH ne-
PIlO;(. M., 1.923, cTp. 344.
2 M. M u C h. Ober die Vorgeschichte Nordamericas.
.\-\itteil. Anthrop. Gesellsch. in Wien, N° 9, 1871, crp.215.
3 Paul S. Mar tin, George I. Qui m b y, Donald
Coli i e r. Indians beiore Columbus. Twenty Thousand
Years of North American Hi.story revealed by Archaeo-
logy. Chicago, 1947, CTp. 339. .
i E. H. M 0 r r i s. The beglnmngs of Pottery Making
in the San Juan area; unfired prototypes and the wares
of the earliest ceramic period. Anthrop. Papers of the
Amer. Museum of Nat. History, vol. XXVIII, part. II
127.
5 K. 0 h va m a. Korekawa-Funde. Vom Korekawa,
einer charakferistischen steinzeitlichen Station yon Kame-
gaoka Typus der ord-Ost-JoI?on Kuttur. Zeitschr. fUr
Prahistorie (Schizen-qaku-Zasshl, Bd. 2. .H. 4; Tokyo, 1930
(<pHr. 27, 13).

170
l1ACTb II. rrPHBAHRA.lbE B HEO.'IHTllqECROE BPEM.H
rJtABA VI. HCAROBCRHfi STAn
171
HHKaKHX OTTHCKOB HaCT05Ull.eM KOp311HbI H3 npy-
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HeO.'IHTH1:IeCKHX norpe6eHHfI H nOCe'IeHIIM Ha Tep.
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6HPCKYlO KepamKY C onHcaHHbIMH OTTHCKaHi
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Hble) OTTHCKH Ha .lI.peBHeM rrocy;r.e.
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oc06M cBOe06pa3HH H 011eHb apXall1.IeCKHH no
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BeCTHbIe H B He.JaBHe:VI 3THorpa<jm1:leCKO:\I
npOIIl.ll0M y caMbIX OTCTa.TIbIX nJIeMeH, HanpHMep
y )KH1'eJIeM ABCTpaJIIiH H TaCMaHIIHlI.eB, e.lI.HHCT-
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...
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HeMIIlIIX COCy.rr.OB. 4
KaK nOoil a ralOT, CY!J.H no 31'HI\'1 3THorpacpH1:Ie-
CKHM aHaJIOrHHM, CHal1aJIa IIIHpOKO ynoTpe6JIH-
JIHCb TOJIbKO 3TH noxo.zr.HbIe ceTKII-BMeCTlIJIHma II
I A. B. 3 6 P Y e B a. CTOH:ma Ha p. lOre 4YX.1l0MCKOro
ye3.lI,a KOCTpOMCKOH ry6epHHH. Tp. CeKltHH apXeO!lOrHH
H HCKYCcTBo3HaHHH. PAHHOH, IV, .1\1.., 1928, CTp. 237-
238.
2 E. V 0 g t, YK. COtI.
3 D. 1. Bus h n e I I. Indian Sites below the Falls of
the Rappahannak. Virginia, 1937. - W. H 0 I me s. Pre-
historic textile fabrics of the United States, derived from
impressions on Pottery (Third Ann. Report of the Bureau
Amer. Etnology, 1881-1882).
4 E. E y 1 man n. Die Eiogeborenen der Kolonie Siid-
australien. Berlin, 1.908, Ta6Jl. XXVIII, pHC, 6,
pa3JIHl1Hble nJIeTeHble KOp3I1HbI, IIHOrl{a HaCTOJIbKO
nJIOTHbIe, l1TO B HHX :\wrJIa l{ep)KaTbCH BO.1.a II
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B03Mem.aJIOCb HaJIH1:IIIeM n"leTeHbIX.
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CTp. 30.

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,rr,OJDKHbl ObITb OTMel1eHbI KaleHHbIe 0pYlI.HH, rro-
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1}I5I H3rOTO B.4JeHIUJ KaMeHHbIX Opy.rr:HM IIMe.TI, KaK
I .1'1'1. S c h n e ide r. Die Binsen-Keramik, eine neue
Steinzeitliche Gattung. Prahist. Zeitschr., 1926; 0 H )K e.
Die Urkeramiker. Entstehung eines mesolitischen Volkes
und seiner Kultur. Leipzig, 1932.
2 O. Men g h i n. Die mesoIithische Ku1turentwicklung.
Wiener Prahist. Zeitschr.; 0 H }K e. Weltgeschichte der
Steinzeit. Wien, 1931.
,.
PRC. 25. BOJIblllOe TeCJIO H3 nOHO\lapeBCKoro MorH.'lbHHKa (norp. oN!! 10) Ha AHrape; H. B.

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p eHKOBWX HaKOHel1HIIKOB CTpeJI HeT COBce.
1 H. Obermaier. Fossil Man in Spain (<tJHr. 91a,
91 b, 43). Reallexikon der Vorgeschichte, Bd. XII,
taf. 86.


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TYlilblO. TaK LKe OcpopM.TIeHa peTYlilblO H KOPOT-
KaSI npSIMaH CTopOHa HO>Ka, npOTIIBonO.l0}KHaH
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K pa3pe3ael\IOMY npe!lMeTY. YrJIOBaTOe OCTplle,
HaMeTl1llK B TaKOM CJIyqae, 6bIRO oc06eHHO BbI-
rQAHO II neco06pa3HO.
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u ,
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B t1:BYX norpe6eHHHX 06H3PY}KeUhI 6LI.1H TaKiKe I:
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188
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HeOJIHTH1.IeCKUX norpe6eHH51.X npHaHrapbH, H3
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B 113061IJIIIII .lI.OCTaB.'IH.TJa npoTeKaBmaH pH.lI.OM
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192
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OT.neJIbHO ;J.OJI}KHbI 6bITb ynoMHHYTbI 2 poro-
I Sell e r s. Observation on Stone-chipping. Ann. Re-
ports Smiths. Inst., 1885, I, CTp. 871. - HOBeHIIlaH
cBO.l(Ka: A. G. Bar n e s. The Technique of Blade Pro-
duction in M.esolithic and Neolithic Times. Proceed. of
the Prehist. Soc. of East Anglia. N. S., vo). XIII, 1947.
BbIX 0PY..1.HH 1I.TJH o6pa6oTKll KaMH51, 06HapY>KeH-
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caIOT Ha;1, TeJ10M H3.lI.eJIHH B BII):{e BbIllYKJIOrO
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pacm.enJIeHHbIM npOl!.OJIbHbIMH .Tpem.IIHaMH.
B 06me.M, BepXHHH IIIlfpOKHM KOHeli. CTep}KHH
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COBepmeHHO TaKHe JKe no pa3Mepy H BII.ny
H3.z:r.eJIII.sI H3 OJIeHberO pora 06HaPY}KeHbI 6bIJIH B
CeBepHOH AMepliKe <PIIJIlinCOM Ha O;J:HOM HeoJIH-
TII1JeCKOH MacrepcKoH B 6acceHHe OrHO, r.ne
rrpOH3BO,U,IIJIaCb B IIIHpOKHX MaCIIITa6ax cne-
lJ.HaJIbHaH o6pa60TKa KaMHH, .nOCTaBJIeHHOrO
clO.lI;a B BH.Qe rpy6bIx 3arOTOBOK H3 Kpel\1HeBbIX
lllaXT, HaXO.lI.HBIIIIIXCH B .iJ.pyrnx MeCTax. 1
KaK nOJIaraIOT, nepBH1JHaH 06pa60TKa 3arOTO-
...
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oT6oHHHKaMH B BHlle OBaJIbHbIX raJIeK, HO BTO-
pnqHaH OT.rr.eJIKa oCYll.J.ecrBJIHJIaCb npJi nO:\fOm.H
3TIIX porOBbIX CTep}KHeH. TIo MHeHHIO XOJIMCa,
T8!<He porOBble OT6oMHIIKII MOrJlH .n:ep}KaTb npH-
1\'10 B PYKe HJ1H }Ke ynoTpe6JIHTb HX 3aKpeIIJIeH-
HMH B OC060H .n:epeBSlHHOH PYKOSlTH B Be
MOJIOTKa. Ho, KaK nOKa3bIBaeT HaXOJI.Ka B norpe-
6eHHII NQ 1 B EYM3:tKKIfHO, OHH MOrJIH CJIY}l{HTb
CBoero po.rr.a QYHCOH <Q!!f, no KOTOPbI){ YAapHJIIi
cBepxy :\IOJIOTOl1Ka)'IH HJIH KaKIIfH-JIH60 .J:pyrll'
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eell. KpenKO 3aKpenJIHJI 06pa6aTbIBaeMbIH KYCOK
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HOM pa60THHKa. liJIIi B Cnell.liaJIbHOM 3a}KHMe.
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1 W. H. H 0 1m e s. Handbook of aboriginal. American
Antiquities, part 1. IntrGductory, the Uthic. industries.
Bull. of Amer. Ethnology, 60, Wachington. 1919,
CTp. 192-193, cpHr. 74. - N. A. Phi lip s. Aboriginal
quarries and shops at Mill Cieek, Illinois. Amer.
Anthropologist, N. S., vol. II, N!! I, 1900, CTp. 33-52.
PHC. 37. OnKluuuHH H3 norpe6eHHH cepoBcKoro .3Tana: nepBbl/1 c.'IeBa HanpaBo - 5paTcKHH KaMeHb,., norp. .\ 8;
BiOpOH (1\3 He$pnTa) - KHpnHIlHbl\\ Capan,. norp. N2 2; TpemR- M. M.aMblpb, norp. ,N'! 1; lleTBepTblR H nHTbIH-
B. CepeiJ;KHHO, norp. J\Q 2; BHH3Y - H3 norp. oN!! 1. Epfa>KKHHO; 7 18 H. B. .
25 (;fmflHIII-:on :\. n.

194
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HOI HanpaBJIeHlUi. OOCJIe 3Toro 6HJUI no npOTII-
BOnO"TJO}KHOMY KOHll.Y nYHCOHa I\:IO.TIOTKOM.
K3IIlHHroM onlicaHO npH:IeHeHHe nYHCOHa
C OCTpblM KOHU.O{, TaK KaK 3;J.eCb n.n.eT pelIb 0
<PH HaJIbHOii CTa.:rHII H3fOTOB.neHHH HaKOHel1HIIKOB
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nYHCOHa, rrpuro.rr.HbIM ,J.oJ1H OT..J,e..YJ:eHHH TOHl1all-
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,.,.
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BHTeJIbHaH pa60Ta. LlJIH TaKOH pa60TbI II ,J.OJILKHbI
6bIJIli ynoTpe6JIHTbCH KaK OTMe1:leHHbIe BbIIlle
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liTO y aMepHKaHCKHX I1H..J.eMueB 3TOT «npouecc
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TaJIJIH1:IeCKlr'1 )1.0.TIOTOM».1
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TaKHM 06pa30:\'I, KaK B HeOJIIITlIl1eCKOM AMe-
pHKe, TaK H Ha AHrape cepOBCKoro Bpe:\o1eHH Ha-
JIHqHe 3TllX ll3Hll CBlleTeJIbCTBveT 0 BCO-
KOM pa3BHTHH TeXHIIKH 06pa60TKu L KaMHH H lI.a-
JIeKO 3aIIIe.lI.IIIeH JJ.llcpcpepeHIUiaUIiH npOH3BO.n.-
"
CTBeHHoro npOI.J.ecca, BbI3BaBllIeH nOHBJIeHHe pa3-
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, "
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HblX 113 fJIa3KOBa 2 H C o. HapaTaH Ha AHrape B
EpaTCKO':U paliOHe. 3 CBep.'IeHUe KaMH.H npOII3BO-
,.,.
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,.,.
3YJIbTaTe xapaKTepHoe OHKOHHl1eCKOe OTBepCTHe
npaBII.iIbHOli <pOpi\1bI B BH.lI.e .il.BYX BOpOHOK, CO-
e.lI.HHeHHbIX Y3KIIMII I<OHuaMH B cepe,lUlHe OTBep-
ClnH. CY.iJ.H no npaBIIJIbHOCTIi 3THX OTBepCTHii, B
PYKax He<N1HTHl1eCKHX :\laCTepOB 6bIJIO Y}Ke, 011e-
BH.zr.HO, .rrY1:lKOBoe CBepJIO C MaXOBHl1KOM-nepe-
KJla)],HHOH THrra OKeaHHHCKHX CBepJI, KOTOpbIMH
CBepJIII.i1HCb OTBepCTIiH B paKOBHHax.
1 H 0 I m e s, YK. CO'i. - F. H. C u s h i n g. The Arrow.
Amer. Anthropologist, \'01. VIII, N 4, 1895, crp. 307-
349.
2 XpamlTCH B I1pKYTCKOM MY3ee.
3 XpaHHTCH B KOJlJIeKlt.HHX ApXeOJIOrHIJeCKOrO OT-'!.eJI3
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BIWbHOCTblO OTBepCTlIii, HO H IIX OC06bBI pacno-
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HOBeHHO, CBep...'IHo!lHCb C ,IT.BYX npOTHBOnOJImKHbIX
CTOpOH <PHrYPbI pblObI, HO He np.HMO :xpyr rrpo-
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naCTO.TIbKO TOl1HOM 11 Yl\'IeTIOII, l1TO Y3KHe BH)'TpeH-
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,.,. "
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npe.iI.CTaB.:1HeT cnHHKY 0pY.iI.HH, a JI.PyroH (npH-
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noc.TJeJI.YIOIIJ.eM nO,.QIIl'IH<pOBKH. Y HO}KeM, H3ro-
TOBJIeHHbIX H3 KpeMHIICToro c.TIaHll.a, BCH crrllHKa
06bI1.IHO 6bIBaeT 3aTynJIeHa Cnell.llaJIbHOH, 01:leHb
Yl\:le.TIOH II TmaTe.abHoM peTYillbIO (pHC. 40).
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oN!! 6105-3, 1/ 2 H. B.; cnpaBa - 60JlBaHKa p;.TIH I13rOTOB.TIeHHH KaMeHHOH pbI6b1 C o. HapaTaH. I1pK}'TCKHH MY3eii.
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PHC. 39. KaMeHHble 11306pa1KeHHSJ pbI6 H3 co6paHJUI KpacHoHpcKoro KpaeBoro MY3eH. DepBoe cBepxy - H3
.!I.O.'IHHbI AHrapbI, MeCTO HaXO;I.ICH HeH3BeCTHO (KOJm. N!! 82-80); Bropoe co CTOHHKH 4a.n:06el1 B .n:OJIHHe AHrapbl
(N!! 117-54); TpeTbe HaH.lI.eHO Ha AHrape, TOtJHee MeCTO HaXOt{KII He YCTaHOB.'1eHO (N!! 82-79); 1/ 2 H. B.
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- :-"11 1); HH1KHHH pHJJ: - peTynmpoBa'JHblH, pH;J.O:\I - rn.lIl-i<j)oB8HHbIH (CepoBo. norp. ;\ 2); i!8 H. B.

198
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rn.\BA \"11. CEPOBCHJtPl 3TAn
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BbIM cKpe6KaM 113 EBponbI. Kor,n,a JIe3Blle OT-
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CJIY.>KHT KaK py6aHoK, iKe..106tIaTOe .rr.O.ll0To. 1I
TeCJIO, .lI.JIH pe3b6bI II 06pa60TKH 1I.epeBHHHoro
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OTCK>.ILa CJIe.zr.yeT, l1TO npliMeHeHHe cKpe6KoB,
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3TOM, 1:ITO B OOJIbmHHCTBe CJIYl1aeB B norpeoeHHHX
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113 KpeMHMCToro CJIaHIJ.a llJIH HecPPIITa. B norpe-
6eHIIM MaJIaH MaMblpb, NQ 3, HaibeH Oil.HH
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HO}K, cKpe60K If ,:I.Ba OTluena. B norpe6eHIIM
BpaTcKIIM RaMeHb, NQ 8, B:\1eCTe C IIl.lHq,O-
BaHHbn:l HOLKOM 113 3e..1JeHOrO Heq,pnTa HaMil.eHbI
.J,Ba OTIll.ena, B 1'0:\-1 1:IIICJIe O.J,IIH C peTYllIblO; B
norpe6eHIIII r opo.zr.HIlI.e, oNQ 1, - llIJImpOBaHHbIii
HOLK 113 Heq>pHTa conpOBOLK,rr.aJICH KpynHbn!
CKpeOKOM Ha JuaCTIIHl1aTO.M OTmene. B norpe6e-
HIIH CepOBO, oNQ , BleCTe C HmKaMII 113 KpeMHH-
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.11 II llIb CJIerKa nO.;I:npaBJIeHHbIX peTYllIblO no
OAHOMY KpaIO. Ih CKpeOKOB .J:Hq>q>epeHlI.UpOBaH-
HbIX q>OpM ,J:.'1H cepOBCKIIX nai\lHTHIiKOB TUnlll1HbI
cKpe6KII Ha n.,1aCTIIHl1aTbIX OTIlI.enaX nOJIYJIYHHoi.i,
'IHH.zr.a.lleBII.J:HOM IIJIII OBaJIbHOM <POPMbI, BCer.1a
C IIIHPOKII:\'1 H BbmYK.1Jbnl .rJe3BlleM, OcpopJI.TIeH-
Hbnf Twa1'eJIbHOM H lI,OBOJIbHO KPYTOii peTYllIbK>
I B. S pen s e rand B. J. Gill e n. The Arunta.
A study of a stone Age people, 1927.
C o.1Hoii CTOpOHbl. PeTYIIlb Ha HHX Hepe;I.Ko KPY-
roBaH - Cn'1011Ib B.J.0.1b Bcex KpaeB cKpe6Ka.
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XapaKTepHblii >Ke1060K. BbICOTa HYKJIeyca 10 CM,
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113 onHcaHIIH BHJI.HO, 111'0 3TOT HYKJIeyc erne
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2. M.acclIBHbIii KpynHblii HYKJIeyc H3 Toro >Ke
?\IaTeplIa'1a, tITO H onHC3HHbIH: BbIIIle (pHC. 41).
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I O. T. .1\'1 a son. ;\"orth American Bows, Arrows and
Guivers. Ann. Reports Smiths. Inst., 1893, Washington,
] 894, CTp. 673.
I H. Me y e r. Bogen und Pfeil in Central-Brasilien.
Leipzig, 1895, CTp. :31.
...
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COOTBeTCTBeHHO KpHBH3He pora; B) 06a CTep{HH
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Kax HeOJIIiTHl1eCKOro BpeMeHH B I1plloaMKaJIbe,
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1937, N!! 3, CTp. 116-117, puc. 22.
Hanpli:.\.Jep, nOJIH3.lI,pllqeCKHMH pe3u.aMli Tlilla
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ECJIH, KaK OT:\fel1aJIOCb BblIIIe, B Ka::\1eHHOM H
KOCTHHO::\I HHBeHTape OTMe1:laeTCH 60JIbmOe pa3-
Ho06pa3He <pOp:\1 H pa3HOBH.J:HocTeM OCHOBHbIX
THnOB H31I.e.'IlIfi, TO nplnlepHO TaKoe }Ke nOJIO}Ke-
Hue Ha6'IIOl{aeTCH II B KepaMHKe. ,<POP:\-lbI COCY.lI.OB
BapbHpYIOT Tenepb He MeHee pe3KO, 1:Ie::\1 <PoPMbI
Ka::\1eHHbIX H KOCTSIHbIX H3.il,e.llIfH. aTO O.lI.HHaKOBO
RCHO BII.lI.HO KaK Ha :\'IeJIKfiX, BTopOCTeneHHbIX, HO
cneUHcpHlIeCKHX no fiX xapaKTepy, ,neTaJIHX, TaK
11 B 60JIee cYII.J.ecTBeHx OCHOBHX lIepTaX <pOpM
rJIHHHHbIX eocY;J.oB. 4T06bI y6eHTbcH B '3TOM.
CJIeyeT eTaJIbHO paccMoTpeTb 1:Ipe3B1:IaAHO
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PIIC. 55. Cocy;1. cepoBcKoro nma. CepoBo, norp. .NQ 1;
'/3 H. B.
COCY.lI.bI 113 \1a.;'ofi l\:\a'fblpH, CIIJIbHO H3nOMH-
,..
HalOm.fle HeonYOTJ:J1KOBaHHe nOKa HeKOTopble
Ji.lIHMCKHe HaXO;I.KH r. c;I>. Lle6eua H 51. H. XO.lI.Y-
2-;*
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211
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OCTpbIlI KOHeli. 3TOrO BOOOpa}KaeMOrO HHlI.a, npe..'1-
TaBoilHIOIllIlM BepXHlOlO 11 a CTb cocYJ1.a, yce1:leH
B ero BepxHeiI TpeTH. lllHpoKHM BHM3Y, C nOJIY-
rnapOBHllHbIM JI,HHIlI.e:\l, TaKOH COcy..1 nJIaBHO
eY.iKHBaeTCH BBepx, 3aKaHl1HBa5JCb r..laKHM cpe-
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PIlC. 56. CocY..'I cepoBcKoro THna, H. Cepe;UlliHo, norp.
.M> 2; 'h. H. B.
30M BeH1:IIIKa. 06bIl1HOrO nepeXBaTa y ropJIa
cocy.u.a «rneliKH» 3.!I.eCb HeT. BTopaH OC06eH-
HOCTb 3TfiX COCYil:OB - HaJIHl1He YllIeK, paCnOJIO-
)KeHHbIX no 3 Ha OAHOll H3 CTOpOH cocY.lLa II, npH
3TO:\f, TaKH::\-f 06pa30I\f, 1:ITO 2 BepxHHx YIIIK3
....
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lis H. B.
Ge;I:peHHoro TpeyrOJIbHI-IKa, a 3-'e, HII}KHee,
YUlKO - ero BepmlIHY. BepxHIe YIliKH 1I'leIOT BIIJ.
lI.HJIHH.lI.plIl1eCKIiX BblcTynoB H cHa6}KeHbI CKB03-
HbDiU oTsepcTHHMII, KOTopble npOXO.'lHT TaK)Ke II
CKB03b CTeHKH cocy;:r.a B pa.rr.Ha.ilbHO:\'f HanpaBJIe-
HHII. HII}KHee ymKo npe.lI.CTaB.llHeT TaKoR )Ke, KaK
E nepBbIe JI.Ba, lI.H.mIH.lIpHl1eCKHH:, KOpOTKHH, HO

212
'lACTb [I. nPHBAFIHA.'IbE B HEO:IHTHLlECI-\OE BPE;\IH
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HbIH OTBepCTHH .LJ:.'IH lllHypa. COCY.IT., 011eBH.LJ:.HO.
nO.lI.BelllHBaJICH B HaKJIOHHO nOnOeHHH Ha
llIHype, npOXO.J.IIBllle1 CKB03b OTBepCTHH B YlliKaX
y BeHl1HKa BH)'TPb cocY:J.a. lI...1H TOro l[TOObI
cocy.n. H8X0111..1CH B YCTOiil1HBOM paBHOBeCHH H He
HaKJIOHH.1CSl B OlIHY CTOPOHY, WHYP, H8 KOTOpOf
PHC. 58. CocYJl. cepOBCKoro Tuna, CepoBO, norp. N'2 2;
1/3 H. B.
BHCe.1J cocy.lI., Y.lI.epIIBancH elIl.e H HIIHH}'I
BCIIOMOraTeJIbHbIM BbIcrynoM - oe3 oTBepcTHH.
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PHC. 59. Cocy;I. cepoBCKoro Tuna, l\\. MaII>1pb, norp. N'2 2;
J/ s H. B.
COCy.u.OB B !\laJIOH i\'laMblpH o6HapY.>KeHO 2 3K-
3eMnJIHpa (pHC. 50, 59). BHellIHSIH nOBepxHocTb
OOOHX 3THX COCY.lI.OB CnJIOllib 1I0KpbITa OTTHCKaMII
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cTepToH TOHKOH ceTKII C XOpOIliO 3aleTHbIMH
CJIe.ZI.am Y3e.il.KOB li H1:IeeK, ceTKH-nJIeTeHKH; opHa-
:\leHTHpOBaHbI OHU BbmYK.1'JHHaMH-ropoIlIHHaMH,
paCnOJIOLKeHHbIMH B O.rr.HY nOJIOCKY Y BeHtIHKa.
BeH1:IHK 060HX COCY.lI.OB rJIa.lI.KUH C ll.iIOCKHM 60p-
HIKOM, KPYTO CKOllIeHHbIM BH)'TPb. TpeTHA cocy} (
H3 Iv1aTJo-MaMbIpcKoro .:\IorH.ilbHIIKa HMeeT B oc-
HOBe TaKYIO e ycel1eHHO-HMUeBI1;J.HYIO <l>opIY oe3
Bblpa1KeHHOli llIeMKII, HO B .J.eTa.rI5JX 3Ha'lHTeJIbHO
OT.:m1laeTCH OT HHX (pI1c. 54a H 546). TOHKoCTeH-
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mlBbIe C.:re;r.bI 3aTepToM ceTKII-n'IeTeHKH. BeHl1HK
cocYJI.a nOKpblT opHaleHTa.'IbHbIMII Kpyrol'IbIMH
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IJIIIpOKOH nOJIOCoM.
B OTnHl1He OT nepBblx .J.BYX cocy.:r.OB Bi\IeCTO
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cocy;r.e HMeeTCSI CnJIOillHOH IaccHBHbIM Ba.1JHK-
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HaM 060.lI.Ke H C..::J.eJIaHbI 3 CKB03HbIX oTBepcTIIH,
TaKHX e, KdK Ha nepBbIx JI.BYX cocy.u.ax, pac-
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HHII (pHC. 54).
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n.ilacTHHaMH-06K.na;J,Ka:\I11 .TIYKa B pa3pYIIleHHmi
norpeoeHHH Ha npaBm! 6epery p. JIeHbI npoTHB
c. )KlIra'IOBo. OH OTJ1Hl1aeTCH OT Ma.'IOMaMblp-
CKIIX 3K3em.ilHpoB Ha.l"IlIl1HeM TO.TIbKO JJ,BYX YilleK
II JIHillb C.71erKa CTepTblx, M01KeT ObITb, .rr.a}Ke He
Ha;\lepeHHO, OTTIICKOB ceTKH-n.neTeHKH. B.u:onb
BCHl1HKa ero npoxoHT TpaJlHlI.HOHHWM nOHCOK 3
I<Pyrnblx Her..ly60KIIX HMOK (pHC. 49).
)KHranoBcKIIH cocy,:r, npa 3TOM 06pamaeT BHII-
MaHHe BblpaeHHoM aCHMi\leTplIl1HOCTbIO B none-
pel1HOM Ce'leHIIH. O.lI.Ha cTopoHa ero 6e3 YllIeK,
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YIIJIOlll.eHHaSI. Doxo1Ke, l1TO TaKaH ynJ10lll.eHHOCTb
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MafrfblpCKlie COCy.rr.bl He H:\felOT Y3Ko-.:l0Ka.llbHoro
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pa3UbI, xapaKTepHble .lI..TIH BceR 06...1acTH, OCBoeH-
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Tim 3THX. COCY1I:OB C YUJKam, nOHBIiBIllHXCH Ha
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me H3BeCTHO, xapaKTepHbI TOJIbKO JIlIllib ;:!..TI.H
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apxeo.'I. 06IIl., T. IX, nrp., 1915, CTp. 18.
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pHil JIYKOB H OXOTHHl1berO BoopY)KeHHH Booowe
He TO.llbKO Ha TeppHTopHH CII6Hpli, HO H EO
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28*
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n:\[eeM He HaKOHellHHK. a KJIHHQK HO)Ka HJlH KHH-
i:I{a"la. Ero KpaH Ha Bce:\1 npOTH)}{eHIIH OT OCTpHH
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,
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N2 2, 1941. erp. 208.
I Wi 1 son. Arrowpoints, Spearheads and Knives of
prehistoric times. U. S. Nat. Mus. Report, I. 1891.
,..
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nepeMbllIKOi1, KOHUbI 1Ke IIX KPYTO BblrijYTbI Bne-
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1881 r.. M., 1887. - F. L U 5 C h a n. Zusammengesetzte
und versUirkte Bon. Zeitschr. fur Ethnologie, XXXI,
1899.

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1 O. T. Mas 0 n. North American bows, arrows and
quivers. Report of the Smiths. Inst., 1894. CTp. 634.-
J. M u r.d 0 c h. A Study of the Eskimo bows' in the
U. S. National Museum. R.eport of the Smiths. Inst..
part. II, 1894. CTp. 307-316.
29"
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3 A. B.<l 1 t 0 U r. On structure ot the composite bow.
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I R. .M u -n r o. Les station lakustres d'Europe aux
{Iges de la pierre et du bronze. Paris, 1908. - J. De C h e-
let t e. Manuel d'archeologie, I, 1908, CTp. 367.-
G. & A. M 0 r till e t. .Musee prehistorique. Paris,
1903. - J a h n s. Entwicklungsgeschichte der alten Trutz-
\vaiien. Berlin, 1899, CTp. 296. - H. Rei n e r t h. Die
jiingere Steinzeit der Schweiz. 1926, CTp. 35--36.-
B. A dIe r. Die Bogen der Schweizen Pfahlbauten.
Anzeiger d. Schweizer. Altertumskunde, 17, 1916,
np. 177. .
2 M. E. <P 0 C c. KocTSlHble H JJ;epeBHHHble 1I3.J,e.'IHH CTO-
51HKlI BepeTbe. na.1eo.1HT If HeO.'IHT CCCP. .MaTep. If lIC-
.:!e;t. no apxeo.10rIlU CCCP, NQ 2, 1941, CTp. 218-219;
o H a )K c. .llpeBHHe nOCeJIeHHH B BepeTbe. ApxeoJI.
C60pH. I.b.;!:. HaYtJHo-Hcc..1. HHCT. KYJIbrypbl KapeJlo-<PHHCK.
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TOtJHo-ypa..lbCKOM pO.D.OBO1 06IU.eCTBe_ H3B. fAI1Ml\,
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HOBCKUH TOpcpHHHK. MaTep. no H3YtJ. TarH.1bcK. oKpyra,
SbIll. 3, nOJIYToM I, TarH.iI, 1929, CTp. 9. - B. 51. To.Tf M a-
tJ e B_ LI.peBHocTH BocTotlHoro YpaJIa, T. II, CTp. 182.-
..'106 a HOB. KaTa.TfOr IY3eH .rOJIE. 1898, J\ 87,
CTp. 329. - A. H e i k e 1. Antiquites de la Siberie ocidel1-
tle. Mem. de la Soc. Finno-ougr., VI, 1899. ./
I A. n. 0 K.TI a Jl. H H K 0 B. K Bonpocy 0 JJ;peBHeihueM
HaCeJIeHHH 51noHIIH Hero KYJIbType. COB. 3THorpacpHH, 4,
1946. - K. 0 h yam a. Korekawa Funde \'om Korekawa,
einer charakteristischen steinzeitlichen Station von Kame-
ga-oka Typus der Nord-Ost-Jomon Kultur. Zeitschr. fUr
Prahistorie. (Shizen-qaku-Zasshi), Bd. 2, H. 4. Tokyo,
1930.
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«I1o CJIOBaM
CTpeJIa npoxo-
I G. F r i e de r i c i. Die Wirkung des Indianerbogens.
Globus XXI, Braunschweig, 1907, CTp. 326.
2 A. K a III e B a p 0 B. )KypHaJI, Be.n:eHHblH npH 6aA.l1a-
pollHOH 3Kcne.!{HIJ;HH, Ha3H8lleHHofi ,!l)IH onHCH ceBepHblX
oeperOB AMepmill B 1838 r. (TIPHJI. K T. VIII MaB. pro.
M., 1879, CTp. 49).
3 G. F r i e d e r i ci, yK. COll.

232
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I P. H 0 if man. The Menomini Indians. Ann. Reports
of the Smiths. lnst., voL XIV. 1892-1893, CTp. 284.
::> K. \r e u I e. Der Afrikanische Pfeil, CTp. 39.
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KaMeHHoro aeKa rT06epelKbS! JTaI!.Q)f{CKoro OJcpa. COo..
1882, CTp. 172.

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faH (A. A. n 0 11 0 B. TeXHIIK3 y .10_1raH, CTp. 111).
2 F. W. Hod g e s. Handbook of Amerikan Indians
orth of l\-\exico. 1. Bull. 30, Smiths. Inst., Bureau .-\mer.
Ethnology, Waschington, 1907.
Horo TeiJa II He COBna.naIOT ceMlJac n:pyr C J.PY-
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a K .J.O:\IaIliHeM :>K113HH.
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B. r. boropa3a (1865-1936). C60pH. CTaTeH, Y'l., 1937,
CTp. 325-347.
2 1J. 51. III T e p H 6 e p r. AHHcKaSi np06.'IeMa. CGOpH.
«I-1f.1S1Kn, opo'ln, rO.'1b.J:bl, HerH.J:a_lbI.I.bl, aHHbl». CTaTbIf Ii
:\IaTepHaJibI. Xa6apoBcK, 1938, CTp. 567.

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236
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06pa30BaHHbI:\m CKpellteHHeM lliHypOB. B ceTKe
KaK 6bI II 3aK<I1I0l1eH, no.rr;BemeH, caMbIH cocY.lI..
1 E. W. .i\ e Iso n. The Eskimo about Bering Strajt.
Ann. eport of the Bureau Amer. Ethnology, 18, 1899.
cTp..l;)4. <pHr. 108 (U3 uwuk).
110 cnoc06y mleTeHHH II no cBoell opf\Ie 3Ta
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1940, CTp. 61. "
"
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1 J.' G. G m e Ii n. Reise durch Sibirien, tJ. 2. crp. 307.
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1789, CTp. 406.

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1 E. K r a u s eo Vorgeschichtliche Fischereigerate und
nE:uere Vergleichsstucke. Eine vergleichende Studie als
BE-itrag zur Geschichte des Fischereiwesens. Berlin, 1904.
:? K r a use, YK. CO'!., crp. 22.
3 Ch. R a u. Prehistoric iishing. Washington, 1860,
CTp. 291. .
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schen. 1901, CTp. 514.
2 r\ i ewe n h u i s. Der Gebrauch von Pfeil und Bogen
auf dem Grossen Sunda- Insel'n, 562. Lutern A.rchiv fUr
Etnographie, Vol. XIX, 1910.
3 R a a i n. The Wihnebado Tribe. Ann. Reports of the
Smiths. Inst., vol. XXXVII, 1915-1916, CTp. 112.
31 Oy.naAHHROE A. ll.
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O,J,HH 113 HHX lI.D,eT BnepellH H HeceT na.TIKY,
BBepxy KOTOpOH npHKpenJIeHa 3aMMeHHaH 6epe-
CTa; OT 3Toro rmaMeHfI oCBeiJ.IaeTcH He60JIbmaH
n.l10Ill.3J1.Ka npH6peMHofI BOllbI; CBeTll.'Ib1UIIK HJleT
B BO:I.e no lIJ.UKOTIOTKlI, a IIHOf,'la II fJIy6JKe. 3a
HlBt BClle;!, :1.pyroti iaJlb1JHK ..1epJKUT B pyKax
He60bUIoit JIYK. CTpe,,'1a 3Toro TJ:YKa Brll13Y o6pa-
3yeT JIonaTOl1KY. CTpe.'ICK npH BHlJ.e IUIaBalOilleM
Ha nOBepxHocTH pbI6bI nycKaeT B Hee CTP1Y,
KOTOpa7I JIOnaTOl1KOfr Y;l:ap5IeT B pbI6y H TeM
or..1YIIIaeT' ee; pbI6y TOTQaC >Ke BbIHU:\IaeT PbI60-
CTpeJI H nepe.a.aeT :\laTJIOTKe, HecYIlIMY C38.n:H
Tyec (6ypaK li3 6epecTbl); TaKaH JIOBJIH npo.a.o.iI-
:>KaeTCH BCID H01.Ib, H KOJIHlIeCiBO )J.06blQH 06bIK-
HOBeHHO B€.J1HKO. 51 Coile.n:OBa.r] OIf.Ha}K.lI.bI 3a
TOTInOM 3TIIX OXOTHIIKOB H y,nIIBuTJHJICfI MeTKOCTU
r JIa3a 1\1 auTJ:bQUKa -CTpeJIbll.a». 2
EC.IJIi Bce OTMel1eHHbIe BblIIIe HalI60JIee npHMH-
THBHble npHeMbI Ii cnoc06bI JI..06blQH pbI6bI
rrpHMO, HenOCpeJICTBeHHO, BXOAHT B 1:IHCJIO 06bIK-
HOBeHHbIX OXOTHHl1bHX TIpHeMOB, TO C Te1JeHHe-I
BpeMeHH npoHcxo.1HT Bce-TaKH HeKOTopaH .lI.ucp-
cpepeHUlIaUHH, 113BeCTHoe 060c06JIeHHe cneUllcplI-
l!eCKHX 1I.JIR pbl6oJlOBCTBa rrpHei'.WB-
11cKJIIOQHTeJIbHbIM HHTepec C 3TOH TOlJKIi 3pe.
HUH npe.lI.CTaB1JSIIOT H3BeCTHble KaMe!iHble H300pa-
}KeHHH pbl6, KOTopbIe .lI.aBHO YMe 06paTHJIH Ha
'"' u
ceOH BHHMaHlIe HCCJIe,nOBaTeJIeH B KalleCTBe
1 K. V. S t e i n e n. Vnter den aturvOlker Zent-ral
Brasiliens. Berlin, 1894, crp. 231.
2 H. C B e p 6 e e B. CH6HpcKHe nHCbfa. Becrn. pro,
VIII, cn6., 1853, CTp. 105.

242
tlACTb II. nPJlBAPIRA.fIbE B I-mO.III1THtlECROE BPEiB.
oHoro H3 HaH60ee XapaKTpHX A HPnHT
CH6Hpn R3.ae.lll (pRe. 72).
o BaLKHOI 3HaqeH:1H KaMeHHbIX pbIO CBHj.('-
TeJIbCTBYIOT npe}K.ne Bcero OTHOCHTeJIbHOe 06H.Twe
8 TOM 'IHCJIC 1 nRYC.OBRllliblR,  HaR.1eH r. !YL KOHcraH-
lHHOBbIM B pa3pyrneH90M HeOJlHTHqeCKOM norpe6eHHH.
2. r'a3KoBo - 4 H306pa>KeHHH, Hafl.lleHHbIX M. TI. OE-
'IHHHHKOBbIM B .:Iecce B 1901 f.; 1 H306paJKeHHe HaH!1eHO,
nOBH!1HMOMY, Te\f n<e co6HpaTe.'JeM B rna3KoBo B 1902 f.
- ---=-
... -

.
-
.-
=---.
.
--
---
--  .-=-..
- ----.:.,. - ---...:
"C
---
-  ...
PHe. 72. KaMeHHble pbl6bI H3 BOCTOqHOH CH6HpH (no .LI.. H. AHytlrmy), 1/ 2 H. B.: rpY3HJlO (N2 2225-126) !I 00.-.0-
MOK fJlHHHHOH qmrYPbl pbl6bI (N!! 2225-57) co CTOHIKH Y.'laH-XaJJ.3 (8 Cepe.llHHe cnp3Ba); H. G.
H lIlHpOKoe pacnpOCTpaHeHHe HX Ha TeppHTopHH
TIpH6aMKaJIbH II COCe.lI.HHX C HHM 06JIaCTeH.
CH6HpH (pHC. 73).
B lI.OJlHHe p. AHrapbI KaMeHHbTe pbI6bJ HaHlI.eHbI B C;1Je-
;rYJOI.U.HX nYHKTax:
1. MeCTHOCTb .I1ecHxa B OKpeCTHOCTSIX f. HpKYTCKa Ha
npaSOM 6epery p. AHrapbl - He MeHee 2 3K3eMn..1HpoB,
CnYCTH 10 JIeT M. TI. OBqHHHHKOB nHCaJl, qTO HM lIaM-
.J,CHO 6b1JIO B t 901 Ii 1902 rr. B r Jl3gKOBO BeCTe C Hell>-
pIfTOBblMH TonopaMH 7 KaMeHHblX rnHpoKo106oK II 1 OCeTp
(M. TI. 0 B q Ii H H Ii K 0 B. 06pHJ1 apqbl Y SlKYTOB. CH6.
apxHB, roJJ. I-H, .N!! 5. Hp1<.YTCK. 1912).
3. BepXOJleHCKaSl. ropa. OKOJlO 1875 r. c.lJyqafmo ofma-
PYJKeHO 10 KaMeHHbIX M306paJKeHHH Pbll), }:aXO!1UBIIIHXC5I
B paCU1"lHHe IOpCKOro eCqaHHKa.
r..'IABA VII. CEPOBCRHf'I STAn
2.n
4. 006.1H30CTU OT Bepxo.".eHcKoii ropbl HB TOM il<e IIpa-
8mf oepery p. AHrapbI B KaleHO.l'O:IUbIX A. H. Xopoumx
r; 1886 r. HatitJ:eHo KaMeHHoe H306paJKeHHe pbl6b1.
5. B OKpeCTHOCTHX CT. CYXOBCKOH r. TI. COCHOBCKMM
13 1921-1924 rr. HafllIeHO 3 3K3e:\fn.1'51pa Ka:,>reHHblX pb1o.
n03JKe.8. H. DO;J;rop6YHcKHi% Harne.1J T3!\1 O!lHY 3arOTOBKY
II O.ilHO roToBoe 1f306pan<eHue pbJObl. B 1948 r. n. n. Xo-
ponmx HallIeJl eIIle :(Ra Ta Knx n06pa)KeHlHL
10. Maa2Sl MaltoU..Ipb. B 1936 r. npH pacKoIIKax HeO.TII!-
THQeCKOrO norpe6eHlISI. 3Bropof ObJ.IIO 06mlpY>KeHO 3.lleCb
J{aleHHoe H306p3JKeHHe pbl6bl.
II. B oKpecTHocTHX .lep. .MoHacTblPb, no CBelJ.eHHSlM
M. 51. Y.epeM.HbIX, 6bl.i11 CJ"1YQanHO Han.aeHbl ? KaMCRHblX
Hso6pameHHSl pbl6.
12. B 1937 r. }fmre.lb llep. MOHacTwpb M. B. TIonoB
paccr<338.:1 MHe, 'ITO Ha .1'eBofi CTOpOHC aHrap:::l<oi! J1o.1JIHbl
.
')
! r!/
. A
.\
. 0-,)
'-",  t f
--) 
, k. J
. if!);'
.f!
 
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I /.-........
1./"'-. --
r.
,-.., ='
)0 r(J.{J .S'O
2tN ZSi ,(/',
'-.
1
.......
PHC. 73. KapIa pacnpocTpaHeHlfH KaMeHHbIX II306paJKeHHH pbl6.
6. D.ep. HHJKHe-CepeJJ.KHHo. B 1934 r. B HeOJlHTHqeC}{OM
norpe6eHHH aBTopoM BCTpeqeHO KaMeHHoe H306paJKeHHe
pbl6b1 (Ha.1HM) BMeCTe C KOCTnHbIM pbl60wBHbJ:\1 H3;re-
1HeM.
7. TIpOTHB .llep. IllHBepa Ha JIeBOM 6epery p. AHrapbI,
B MeCTHOCTH Bep6.rrlO.llOBllJ,HHa, A. 51. CHaopoBblM HaliaCHO
K3MeHHoe H300paJKeHHe pbl6bl. OHO toJKeT 6bITb CBSl.3allO
C pa3pyweHHblMH HeO.J1HTHqeCKHMH npe6eHmIMH, OTl\e.
tlE.'HHblMH Ha nalUHHX mtTH3MH OXpHCTOH seM.lIH.
8. r. n. COCHOBCKHH OTMeQaeT, lITO Ha p. HrupMe Bblme
C. PaCOYTHHO 6bIJIO 06HapYJKeHO KaMeHH3e JJ.ByxroJloBoe
H306paJKeHHe pbl6b1. HaXOKa 3Ta TeM HHTepeCHee, lITO
311ecb Ob1JlH OOHapY>KCHbl TaK>Ke " He;).'1HTW.JeKHe llorpe-
6eHHH. He HCK..JllOtleHO, GTO HrHpMHHcKaH KaMeHHaSi pbI6a
npoHcXo.l1HT H3 paspYUIeHHoro .i1peBHro norpe6eHHH.
9. O. HapaTaii. OTclO.J.a B. H. TIo.!l:rOp6YHcKHM 6b!.'IO
.locraBJIeHO B I1pKYTcKHH MY3eii B 30-x rOAax 4 Ka"feH-
HblX H306paJKeHHSI. Pbl6, HBJIHIOI.U.HXCfI 6c.1Bal-lKam-3ro-
TOBKaMH.
31"
B 35-40 KM Ha 3ana..:J. OT AHrapbl, eCJIH nepecetJb peqKH
I(arnTaK H 4epHYJO. B r..1yxoH HenpOXO..1HMOA TaHre CTOHT
«.D.axywKHH KaM€Hb». Ha «"16y» nOCJIe;r.Hero eCTb CKaJla,
a Ha BeprnHHe CKaJlbI CTOHT KaMeHHoe H306pa>KeHHe cTep-
JIH.n:H, BOTKHyToe MOp!J.OH B 3eMJlJO. .LI.JlHlla H::;06pa:>KeHHH
40-45 CM, MOp.ll3 O<:Tp3H, XBoc:r pa3.ll130H. BRll,e.rr OR U30-
6paJKeHHe JleT 3a 10 .no MoeH 6ece.l1b1 C HHM, T. e. OPH-
MepHO, B 1927 r.
13. B oKpeCTHOCTH:X J1ep. Ce.lJeHrHHOH HH>Ke BpaTcK8
HaH.lleHO H306paJKeHHe pbl6bl KaMeHHoe.
14. B6.1Ii3H c. 3a.leAeeBo HaH.lleHO O;I.HO KaMeHHoe U30-
6paJKCHlfe pbl6bI.
15. B paRolie c. t{sll06en.. B YCTbe peKII TOro >Ke Ha3Ba.
HHH, Ha npaBml 6epery AHrapbl Obl.'!H HeO:1.HOKpaTHO Haxo-
.J.HMbl KaMeHHbIe H306paJKeHHSI. pbl6; 3 H3 HHX Xp8HSl.TCSI.
n I(pacHOflpCJ<O:'>I MY3ee.
16. B.larO!1apH copaHHB1llHMCSl. B MY3ee aHTpOnOJlOTIiH
If 3THorpaqJHH AH CCCP MY.'ISI. oKaM pa3.'IHqHblX KaMeHHblX
0PYJ{HH, npoHCXO.lJ.HBIlIHX U3 CH6»pu, y.Aaloeb TOqHO

.



44


QACTb II. lIPI1BAI1KAJIbE B HEOJIl1'1'HYECliOE 13PI::.\lH


YCTaHOBHTb npOHCXOLK!leHHe O.D.HOH 113 KaMeHHbIX pbl6, npe-
BOCXOJlHble q>OTOrpaqJlIH KOTOpblX ObIJIli ony6. I IItKOB3HbI
.11.. H. AHYGliIlbIM B «TpYJJ:ax WeCTOrO apXeO.qOI Ii4eCKOrO
C1>e3.D.a» (Ta6Jl. 1, pHC. 10). 3To THnIIlIHaH JlByxro.;loBaH,
H.TUI HHycoBlill.HaH, pbl6a, J.OCTaB.leHHaH .lJ,. H. AHYllHHY
H. A. .1lonaTHHblM. no 3TIIKeTKe, coxpaHIIBllleticH Ha MY-
mUKe, OHa npOHCXO;:I.HT H3 paflOHa .il.ep. HpKHHeeBOH Ha
AHrape.
17. Ha «CTpeJIKe», B YCTbe p. AHrapbI npH Bna!l.emIU
ee B EHHceti, 6bI.10 HaH.aeHo 01{HO H3 .'!VtlJ.:IHX B CBoeM
pOl{e KaMeHHoe 11306pa>KeHlle Pbl6bl, ;r,ocras.neHiIOe B I1p-
KYTCKUfl M}'3eil B. 11. no.arop6YHcKH}1.
Kpo:\Ie TOro, B KpacHoHpmoM
'Y3ee XpaHlITCH 3 1I30-
Opa)KeHH51 pbl6 ll3 KaMHn C HaJlnHCH:\liI: «AHrapa» If
«DpliaHrapcKlIH Kpali».
Ha .i'leHe Ka:\IeHHble 1I306paiKeHIUJ pb10 1I3BeCTHhI H3
lIeTbipex MeCT:
1. Y t::lep. llllIlllKHHO, B HeO.1IIn!4eCKO:'. Morll.lbHIIKe
y nHcaHblX lllULUKlIHCKHX CKa.'I, aBTOpO}1 B 19-11 r. HaH-

eHO Ka:'IeHHoe H306pa)KeHlIe pbI6bI B HHBeHTape Heo-
JIIITH4eCKoro norpe6
HIIH.
2. H. n. Oonos H n. c. Oapxo:'IeHKo B 20-x rO;.J.3X ;:I.O-
CTaBHJIH B HpK)'TCKlIH M)'3eH .!!.Ba q,parMeHT8 Mpa
IOpHblx
JI306pa)KeHlIii pbl6, 06HaPY)KeHHble B pailoHe Katlyra.
3. B paiioHe Bepxo.qeHCKa HaiiJleHO Ka!\leHHOe 1I306pa>Ke-
HHe pbI6b1, XpaHH1l.J.eeCfI B I1pKYTCKOM M)'3ee II nonaBu:ee
T)'Jla H3 tIac1Horo c06paHHH .1\1. O. PycaKoBa B 1928 r.
4. B paiioHe .nep. KOpKHHO B 1930 r. B pa3pYilleHHoM
nOfpe6eHUlI 6bI.1H Haii.aeHbl 2 H306pa)KeHHH pbIO.
B paiiOHe 03. EaiiKaJIa KaMeHHbIe H306pa>KeHIIH PbjO
BCTpelleHbI ObI.IIll Heo.nHOKpaTHO.
. 1. CaMaH 3Ha4HTe.llbHaH KO.'!.leIH.J.HH 1I306pa)KeIU1H phIO
(13 3K3.). C.il.eJIaHHbIX H3 KaMHH, HaHlI.eHa 6bIJIa Ha CTO-
HHKe YJIaH-Xa.J.a, f.iI.e 4aCTb HX OKa3allaCb B Ky.llJT)"pHb!X
C.1JOHX HeOJIHTHlIeCKOrO BpeMeHH, a 'laCTb npUHa.J,.le>KHT
K nOJJ:'beMHoM)' MaTepHa.1Y.
CJIe.ayeT OTMeTHTb, 4TO O.lI.HO H306pa:>KeHUe pbI6bI B
-.lJaH'
XaAe OKa3a.'!OCb H3rOTOB.'IeHHbIM He H3 KaMHH, a lI3 OOO:>K-
)KeHHOii r.1HHb! (pHC. 72, B cepe.aHHe, cnpaBa).
2. OJJ:HO Ka:'IeHHoe H306pa)KeHHe pbI6bl H3BeCTHO T8K:>Ke
1I3 paiiOHa 03. KOTOKeJIb, f;:J.e ero Halll€J1 KpeCTbHHHH
.iI.ep. HCTOK, K. O. K8JIalllHHKoB.
3. B I1pKYTcKoM MY3ee xpaHHTcH KaMeHHoe H306pa>Kc-
HHe pbl6bl C oTMeTKoH: «Eeper EanKa.la, i.; npH6pcjI{HOfi
raJlbKe, CblH I1HHoKeHTHH 3a60.1ouKoro [Halile..l]». 1303-
MO)KHO, lITO OHO npOHCXO;:J.HT H3 panOHa C. J1IIcTBcHHQHOro.
4. O.a.HO KaMeHHoe 1I306p8>KeHHe pbI6bI namc.'!
n. O. XOpOlllllX B 6YXTe CaraH-Yr3 Ha o. OJIbXOHe II
ABa - B 6yxTe CHroBoH B EaprplIHcKo:'I 3a.1IIBe.
B .nOJIHHe Ce..1eHfH H3BeCTHO 1 H306pa)!{eHUe pbIObJ 113
KaMHH. HaHl{eHHOe aBTopo
I B 1948 r. B rpoTe, BnepBbI\'
06CJIe;I.OBaHHml 11. .11.. 4epcKHM H Ha3BaHHO:'I 11M «I1TaH--
UHHCKaH ne1l.J.epa».
B 6acceflHe EHHceH nepBaH HaXO.J,Ka Ka
eHHoro 1130-
6pa)KeHHH pbI6bI, OTMelleHHaH Hcc..le.nOBaTe.IJHMH, OTHOCHTC5J
. e1l.J.e K XVIII B. 3TO - 3aperHcTpHpoBaHHoe l\-1ecceplU
1H.J:-
TOM H306pa)KeHHe pbl6bI C p. Kapay.TIbHOiL
O..'J:HO 1I306pa)KeHHe pbi6bI H3BeCTHO TalUKe C Da3anXII
no.!!. KpaCHOHpCKOM.
TpH H306pa)KeHHH npOHcxo.nHT 113 MUHYCHHCKoro KpaH.
f.!Xe O
H Haii.u.eHbl B pyc.le p. CHCHMa, y .nep. ..rIenClIIIGiHO
H OKO.'!O .iI.ep. KopeKOBOH HH>Ke Y6eH Ha npas.)
 6epery
p. EHlIceH. YnOMHHaeTCH TalUKe H 6-oe TaKoe H306pa)KeHHC
H3 Jlep. EHpH MHHYClIHCKoro paifoHa. 1
O.u.HO KaMeHHoe lI306pa)KeHHe pb!6bI HaH;I.eHO ObIJIO
B Eapa6l1HCKOH CTenH,
3TOT KpaTKHH cnHCOK MeCT, f.lI.e HafI.lI.eHbI
KaMeHHble pbI6bl, .lI.aJIeKO He nOJJOH, TaK KaK
B CTap
x MY3eHH
X c06paHHHX He Bce HaXO
KH
conpOBOiK
aIDTCH He06xo
HMoM TOl1HOH .lI.OKYMeH-
Tall.HeM. B JI.eMCTBHTeJJbHOCTH 06mee l1Hc...l0
KaMeH
bIX pbI6 H3 C
6HpH 3Ha1:lIlTe
TJ:bHO 6 OJIbIIle,


1 A. 51. T y rap H HOB. HrTopH4ecKHti OqepK KpaCiiO-
HpCKoro M)'3eH. 25-
lerlle KpaCH(>
pCKoro MY3eH. KpaCHO'
5JpCK, 1916, CTp. 43. 67


nplille)I, KaK DHllHO 113 nep€YIIC
leHj1bl.x BbIWC
npIIMepOB, nO,:
aB
lHtOmee 60
1blIlHHCTBO HX npo-
HCXO.J,HT Il3 c06CTBeHHO npHoaHKa. 1 Ib5I. Bel
i1.Hrape HaH.D.eHo 40 TaKllX Il306pa>KeHllii, na
Eai1Ka.rre - 18, B JJ,OJUIHe Ce,'leHru. - 1, Ha
J1eHe - 7, T. e. Bcero B DpH6allKaJIbe 66.
KpO)Ie Toro, B flpu6allKa.lbe Hail;J.eHo 3 KOCHI-
HblX H306pa>KeHHH pbI6 II 1 I!3 I'.lHHbI. Ha EHucee
me Hai1.LI.eHO 6 3K3e
m
15Ip013 II B 5apa6e - 1.
B03pacT Kal\1eHHblX pbIO, H€COMHeHHO, pa3
111-
t.;:eH, HO nOKa HeT HMKaKliX )"Ka3aHHH Ha TO, l1TO
OHH BbIXO;I.HT 3<:1 npelJ.e.lJbl HeO
TJ:HTa. ,LlaTlipoBaH-
Hble iKe TOl1HO li306pa1KeHIIH pbIO 113 KaMHH 113-
BeCTHbI B KY
lbTypHblX Co,105IX Y.Ha H-Xa,D,bI, OTHO-
cmIJ,HXCH K KOHllY cepOBCKoro Bpe!\'leHH, Ii B HH-
B€HTape cepOBCKIIX norpeoeHiiii, HaH.il.eHHbIX
01\:0.110 p. l'vla:Mblpb H .lI.ep. HmKHe-Cepe,iJ.KIIHO Ha
....\Hrape. DOJIbIIl0l1 HHTepec npe..QCTaBJIHeT TalOKe
HaXOlI.Ka Ka:.\leHHoro II306pa)KeHHH pbIObI B HH-
BeHTape HeO
lI1Tlil1eCKOrO norpe6eHU5I Y ;J.ep. lIlHill-
I\HHO; norpe6eHlle 3TO HeJIb3H OTHeCTH K paH-
He-cepOBCKHl\1, HO OHO Bce jKe, nOBII;l:IIMO:.\IY,
OTHOClfTCH K CaMOl\lY KOHl1.Y cepOBCKoro 3Tana.
i\loLh.eT ObITb, K TOMY iKe Bpe:\1eHII CJIe,J.yeT
OTHeCTIi HaXO.!l.KY ,iJ.BYX Kai\IeHHbIX pbIO II
B .il.pyroM pa3pyrneHHO!\I o!leHCKO:.\I norpe6eHHH
y .lI.ep. KoplmHO. 0 TO:\!, 1:ITO KaM€HHble H306pa-
}KeHI1H pbI6 BbI.u.eJIbIBaJIHCb B DpH6aHKaJIbe
BnJIOTb ;:1.0 KHTOI1CKOrO 3Tana, MOiKeT CBH,l,E'Te':Ib-
CTBOBaTb HaXO;J.Ka pbIObI 113 KaJiHH B CBH3H
C pa3pyrrreHHbIMH norpe6eHHHMH KfiTOHCKoro
THna, cy JI.H no Ha.lJlIl1HtO cn
101i1HbIX oxpnCTbIX
nHTeH, KOTOpbIMH OHH 6bwn 0003Ha l1eHbI Ha pac-
naxaHHOll nalilHe BOJIII3H .n.ep. lIlHBepa.
CKa3aHHoro AOCTaTOl1HO, IlT06bI KOHCTaTHpo-
' j BaTb n OHB..leH !! e
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IX 113 06p
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OM 3Ta.:'1e npn6aliKaJIbcKoro
HeOJII1Ta, r.n.e OHM no npaBY 3aHIIl\laIOT MeCTO
( O)1.HOro H3 Hau60JIee 5lpKIIX II 3a1.1eTHbIX 3JIel\leH-
TOB MaTepHaJIbHOH I(YJIbTypbI.
11306paiKeHHH 3TH BbID.eJIbIBaJIHCb KaK H3 QT-
HOCHTeJIbHO TBep..J.bIX KpHCTaJIm'Il1eCKIIX, TaK H 113
MHrKHX ai\WpqmbJX nopo.ll. KaMH51 (pHC. 75). Tel\'l
He :\1eHee 3aMel1aeTCH npeOO
la;:r,aHHe NIHrKO,ro
Kal\1HSI, ynoTpe6.TIHBlilerOCH, 011CBH.A1I0, no TOH
npHl111He, 1:ITO OH
erKO nO..Q.il.aBaJICH 06pa60TKC.
113 KpHCTaJIJIHl1eCK11X nopoJI. npeAnOl1HTaJICH BceM
OCTa
'IbHbI:\-I 6eJIbIM MeJIK03epHHCTbIil
lpal\IOp.
113roTOB
1}eHHbIe H3 Hero 11306pa)KeHHH pbI6 H3Be-
CTHbI Ha Ce...leHre (111aHlLHHCKaH nemepa), Ha EaM-
Ka
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qHHa KaK apxeonora nHca.l HellaBHO, qTO B H3BeCTtlO
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PIIC. 78. l\aleiUlOe H306paMeHue pbIObI H3 co6paHHSl foe. 3pMIiTaMa. :\-1eCTo
CHOHpb?); 2/3 H. B.
HaXO,lJ,KH He 1f3BeCTHO (BOCTOqHa
1 A. X e Iso n. The Eskimo about Bering Strait. An.
Report of the Bureau Amer. Ethnology, 1896-1897.
2 B. r. E 0 r 0 p a 3. OqepK MaTepHa.1bHoro OblTa OJleH-
HbIX qYKqeii. COOpH. MY3eST aHTpOnOJlOrHH Ii 9THorpa4lHH
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Ha cnlIHe IIMeeTCSI 06bJIlHOe YUIKO )J,.1IH nplIKpe-
nJIeHIIH pbI6KH K JIece.
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MHHYTb TaKX{e .lI.epeBHHHYIO cpllrYPKY pbI6bI 113
KOJIJIeKll.IIM IleHTpaJIbHoro MY3eH'Hap0):l.OBe.a.eHHH
B MocKBe (lI..M.H), .lI.OCTaBJIeHHYIO E. A. BaCll!lbe-
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(no KaTa.TIOry UMH: OpOlJH, VIII, 4/196). 3Ta
qmrypKa IIMeeT l1eTKO OtIeptIeHHble 06mlIc KOH

TypbI - npH:\IYIO cnHHKY H BbmYK..l0e OpIOIIIKO J

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l-fOit OCII H3.ll.eJIHSI, HaIel1eHbI Il.I.e.rUi pTa, a BbIIIIe
nOMell.J.aIOTCSI H:\IKH, 0603Hal1alOIII.He rJIa3a H pac-
nOJIO>KeHHble OI:J:eHb 6JIH3KO llpyr OT n:pyra He no
60KaM, a KaK y HaJIJUIa - cBepxy ro..10Bbl. Ha
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TOpbIX 3aKpenJIeHbI KOHll.bI JIeCbl.
PbI6Ka OKpallleHa fpaqJHTOJ\1 B HpKOqepHbIif
ll.BeT H HaCTOJIbKO ryc1'O, 1:11'0 ?CH ee nOBepx-
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CorJIaCHO OKYMeHTY c06HpaTeJIH, npH pbI6HOH
JIOBJI€. KaK npllMaHKa
lITo KacaeTCH 3THorpaq>H t leCKliX Ha6JIIOil.eHHii
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.... .
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C)I,e.1JaHH8H 113 ;r.epeBa II ynoTpe6JIHel\IaH npH 3HM-
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KOCTHHble pbI6KII HeOJIIITHqeCKHX CTOHHOK TIpn-
6allKa.llbH»,1
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(pIIC. 80).
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.... ....
TaK, l1TOObI JI3 BO;J;bI He ObIJIO BH.lI.HO CBeTa,
a CJ1e.lI.OBaTeJIbHO, II qeJIOBeKa Y rtpopy6H.
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YCTpalIBaeTcH y npopy6H C oCTporoM II cnycKaeT
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6pa>KeHHSI pbl6 H3 Ka\lHH, a He H3 KOCTH, HO MblCJIb
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--
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abeT nOCJ1e.1HIOIO OCTporOH».
CaM Ran.JIIIH .10BII1 31'HM cnoc060:\f pbI6y H,I
p. HH>KHeli TYHrYCKe.
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«OJIeCHbI», no enOBaM pefHCTpHpoBaBllIero HX
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u ....
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HbIMH C!\IOJIOn.
B KOJIJIeKlI.HII 1211, no,[{ .NQ 104a, l1HC.llIiTCH,
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BOKa pbI6KII opHaMeHTHpoBaHbI npHMbIMH nepe-
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pbIe nponYIll.eHbI HpKlIe KpaCHble TpSIIIOlIKII.
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npO)I,epHYTOH CKB03b OTBepCTHe KOpOTKOH TOHKOM
nJIaHOl1KII, cYLKeHHoM K PYKOHTH. C .n.pyroll CTO-
pOHbI JIeca 3aKpen"leHa Ha MaJIeHbKOH KpyrJloM
naJIOl1Ke. C IIOMOll.J.blO nJIaHOl1KH pbI6aK ony-
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Hlle (pHC. 80, BBepxy). LlJ1HHa pbI6KH 13 CM.
TIpHMaHKa nplI06peTeHa B 1907-1908 rr.
A. A. MaKapeHKo B 6acceHHe p. KaTaHrH (TIO.lI..
KaMeHHoM 1YHrycKH) Y 3BeHKOB.
BTopaH npH:\13HKa (TOJKe OpHrI-maJI) H3 TOH JKe
IW.llJIeKll.1i1I (:\''2 1211-105) H3rOTOBoileHa B BH.iI.e
CKYJlbnTypHoro H306pa}KeHHSI pbI6bI 113 OJIeHberO
pora, npll06peBIIIero OT BpeMeHH H .lI.JIIiTeJIbHOrO
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"
Hoe, BbIT5IHYToe, B nOnepe'lHOM c.e'leHHH snm,e-
...
-
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PRC. 80. 3BeHKHHcKHe KOCTHHl>le pI>lOKH-npHM3HKH.

256
qACfb II. IlPI1BAmC\,tlbE B BEOJUi.Tl1QECl\oE BPEm
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257
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CB IIHll.a , co CKB03HblM Kpyr"lblM OTBepCTHeM B HeM.
Ha rO.!10Be KpyrTJbIMII Hl\I01JKaMII HaMe1JeHhI
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ac nHtIHO 113YtIa pW60OBCTBO OCTHKOB H
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C006weHHE' naTJJIaca, OIUfCbIBalOUJ.ero ,n}] 51
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) KHY.u. Pac M y C C e H. Be.,HKHII caHHblH nFl,. .n.,
1935, CTp. 175.
2 Therkel .M a t h j ass e n. Archaeology of the Central
Esklmos. Report of the Fiith Expedition 1921-1924,
vol. IV, Copenhagen, 1927, Ta6n. 11, pHC. 9. 10, 11, 12;
rat'l.'l. 43, pHC. 6. 7; Ta6.,. 73, pllC. 8.
33 O}"'1e.,:;1,HHKOU A. n.
) Fr. Boa s. The Central Eskimc. Sixth Ann. Report
of the Bureau Amer. Ethnology, Washington, 1888.
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I C. C h a r I e s Will 0 ugh b y. Antiquities oi the
:\'ew- England Indi£1ns. 1935.

258
t:IACTb n. I1PHBAPlRA.lJbE B HEOJIHTHt:IECHOE BPEMfi
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259
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1 )KHTHe npOTonona ABBaKYMa, HM caMHM HanHcaHHoe.
113lI.. «Academia», CTp. 111, 1934.
2 H. r. reo p r H. OnHcaHHe Bcex 06l1TalOmHX B Poc-
CHHCKOM rocy.n.apcTBe Hapo,rr.oB, III, 1799, CTp. 41.
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260
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rap.n 51 llIT.).
1 J. G. D. Cia r k. The mesolithic settlement of Nor-
thet: n Europe. Cambridge, 1936, Clop. 119, q,Hr. 43, pHC. 10,
-11, 12;.0 H 1K e. The Development of Fishing in Prehisto-
ric Europe. Antiquar. Journ", vol. XXVIII. N 1-2, 1948,
CTp. 52. (B CTaTbe HC1JepIIbIBalOIlle npHBe.ll.eHa .'IHTepaTypa
8onpoca).
2 .1\1 un r o. Prehistoric Japan. Yokohama, 1908.
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I
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....
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BO BJIa}KHbIX H PblXJIbIX neC1:IaHbIX OT"TIOeHHHX
Y JI aH - Xa.lI.bI. T aKoH BbIBO.n; CJIe.n;yeT npe:>KlI.e Bcero
Il3 xapaKTepa KOHl1lIKOB oCTpHM. OHII, Ha C3MO:\1
L(eJIe, He OTpbIe, 3 HaCTOJIbKO TynbIe, qTO He
:\wrJIH 3au:eIIHTb pbI6y J1 npOH3HTb ee Te..l0, B
oc06eHHOCTH eCJIH OCTpliH nonalH B ee pOT Her'1Y-
60KO. Te LKe «3apy6KH», KOTopbIe .::r.Ool1)1{Hbt 6blTIn
nOM:eIIIaTb pbI6e copBaTbCH c. Kp101:IKa, B ;I.eHCT-
I
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oKpyrJIeHHbIX BaJIIIKOB, pacnOJIO}KeHHbIX npH
1 B. B. <I> e ,U, 0 p 0 B. HeKoTophIe 0pY,U,HH PbIOOJlOB-
CTBa HeOJlHTH1JeCKOro BpeMeHH. COB. apxeO.'IOfUH, lIT,
1937, CTp. 108-109.
2 C60pH. MA3, Ill, firp., 1916, CTp. 120-121,
TaM. XII, poco 39-47. - B. B. <I> e 11. 0 P 0 B. YK. COli.,
CTp. 109-110; Ta6.JI. III-IV.
I J. G. D. C I ark. The Development of Fishing, CTp. 75.
2 Apxeo.1J. OT)!. MA9 KOJ"IJI. J\N2 2225-632, 633, 673,
823, 852, 871, 945, 959, 1105, 1108, 2472, 2653, 2687.
.
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pacnOJIO.>KeHbI COBeprneHHO O.J.HHaKOBO.
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1:ITO COCTaBHbIe IIIH<jJepHble KplO1J:KH YJIaH-Xa.lI.bI
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H. C. llO,,1H KOBblM B 1873 r. B pa3fbIBaeMoM
I S. Pal s i. Uber steinzeitliche Hackenfischereigerate
in Finnland. Suomen Muinaismuistoyhdistyksen Aikaka-
Jlskirja, XVI, XXVIL

262
tJ.\CTb II. nPHBAIUrA.'IbE B HEO<lIITUflECl\OE BPEMR
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263
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ceTeii He TOJIbKO :\leJIKHX }KHBOTHbIX HJIH nTHIJ.,
HO H TaKIiX KpynHblx 3BepeH, KaK O.,leHIf, a Ha
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KaM (pHC. 72). 06bIKHoBeHHO BbIOOIfHbI Haxo-
):{HTCH Ha .lI.JlIIHHbIX cTopoHax raJIeK, HHorrr.a }Ke
OHII nOMem.aIOTCH Ha HX KOpOTKIIX KOHlI.ax. T aKHe
rpY3llJIa - 06blqHaH BeII.J.b B MaTepllaJIaX HeOJIllTH-
1JeCKllX nOCeJIeHIIM Ilp1I6aMKaJIbH; eCTb OHH II B
1 H. C. no JI SI K 0 B. HCc.'Ie.n:oBaHHH no KaIeHHoMY
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XOBbSlX BO.'Im. 3arr. pro no OTlI.eJl. 3THorpaq,HH
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A. SI. EplOCOBblM (A. 5I. E P 10 COB. HCTOpHH D.peBHeH
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. nopa3HBlIllie HX ceTH II Bo06me TeKCTHJIbHbIe
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HbIX ceTeM, r.n:e rOBopHTCH, l1TO CbIH 60>KeCTBeH-
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pa3JIUl1HbIX MeCT CII611pH II B 60JIee n03.!1.Hee
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Mep, Il. TpeTbHKOB, - .lI.a}Ke II HbIHe npnrOTOBJIHIOT
naJIbHll ll3 KpanliBbI, .lI.JISI 1:Iero ee CYIIIaT, no-
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6acceHHe p. A.TI.rr.aHa. ..TIeH 3TOT no BHeIIIHOCTU
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KopeHb H CllJIbHO KYCTHTCH». KaK nOJIaraJi
B. .lI. KO}lapOB, .ZI.HKHM JIeH npu y.TIyqmeHlIH ero
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I{paH B npHAHJlbHOM MaTeplIaJIe. 4
He MO:>KeT 6bITb HHKaKoro C01fHeHIIH B TOM,
qTO, KpO:\fe OXOTbI H pbI6HOH JIOa.TIlI, .!I.peBHee Ha-
l P. S. P a II a s. Reise durch verschiedene Provin-
zen des Russischen Reiches. S.-Pb., 1801, CTp. 448.
2 C. n. K p a rn e H H H H H K 0 B. OnHcaHHe KaMtJaT-
CKoro HapOJJ:a. APXHB AKalI.. HaYK CCf:P cpm1lI. 21
onHCb 5, J\!! 34, 253. - Cpo: C. B a K C e '..1 b. Bropa
KaMQaTCKaH 3Kcne,nHI.{HSI. JI., 1940, CTp. 110. '
3 0 Hapb1!\fCKOH KpanHBe. BeCTH. pro, XXIII, 1858,
CTp. 83-84. - n. T peT b H K 0 B. TypyxaHcKllH KpaH,
ero npupOD.a H 2KUre. 1 111. 3an. pro, II, 1869, cn6..
CTp. 476. - O. fl> U H rn If A. E p 3 M. nYTerneCTBue B
3ana!J.HYIO Cu6Hpb. M., 1888, CTp. 472; C. H. E p a H JI 0 B-
e K H H. Ta3bl HlH YlI.bIra. )KuBaSi CTapHHa 1901
III-IV, CTp. 339, 348. - 3aMetJaTeJIbHO. KCTaTH, 'tJTO. rr
;J;aHHbI:\f A.1JbKBHCTa, rrOtJTH BO Bcex BOCrotJHO-CPUHCKHX .
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4 B. JI. K 0 Map 0 B. BBeJ\eHlie B H3ytIeHJ!e paCTJfTe.'Ib-'
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CTBa H pa3lI.p06JIeHlllO 06II.J.eCTBeHHblx KOJIJIeK-
THBOB. H a060poT, erne ..1a>Ke H B XIX B.
1 Jr. III p e H K. 06 HHopo;J,l.{ax AIypcKoro KpaH,
T. II. Cn6., 1899, CTp. 219, 277.
 0 P .J 0 B. EaYH'TOBCKHe H aHrapcKue 6p0lI.HlJUe TYHrycbI,
J3ecTH. pro, tJ. XXI, cn6., 1857.

264
qACTb n. nPHE \fU;.\.lbE B HEO:IHTWiECI-\OE BPE"fl
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265
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o.XOTHlIl1bllX npllcnDcoD.rreHlIH, KaK .,10Bl1He H3ro-
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po;m, pa3YMeeTcSJ, TD}Ke OblJIO .n:eJIo:\-t ll.eJIoro
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I TI. H. T peT b j{ K 0 B. TIepBOObITHClSl OXOTa B ce-
BepHOH A3JUL 113B. rAI1MK, BbIn. 106, CTp. 220-238.
2 A. <1>. A H H C II 11 0 B. P0..10BOe oOUlecTBo .3BeHKOE
(TYHrycoB). JL, 1936. CTp. 49.
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KJIy6HH CYlliaT. BbICYIIlHB, pe)KYT Ha MeJIKlle
tJaCTlI, C:\leIIlIIBaIOT C KOCTHl\Uf Hapy6.'1eHHbB-Ul».
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o )KHJIHlll.HbIX KOMnJIeKCaX BepXHero na.neOJ111Ta,
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npe.lI.aHliSI, Bce )KH.TeJIli :\BH3HeHa eOOHpaJlHCb
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a 3aTeM paCXO.l{M1JlICb no. TaHre, DCTaBJISIH Ha
...
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.,
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34 OWl8,D,lUUiOB A. II.
I 11. eTa 1 If H. 0 .1lHa..1eKTHQeCKOM- H HCTOpHQeCKOM
IarepHa..1H3Me. rOcno..1HTH3J1aT, 1949, CTp. 25-26.
2 A. «I>. A H II C II M 0 R. PO;10Boe OOU\eCTBO ;,B}!KOB
(TynrycoB),. CTp. 49, nprm. 2.
a TaK}Ke H Ha TeeHO CBSI3aHHbIe C HH.\IH BO Bcex
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norpeoeHHbIx B pa3HbIX )lOrH.TIaX H pa3Hblx
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-lI.pyra.
EllHHooopa3He .3TO o.:I,HHaKOBo qeTKO BhIpa-
iKeHO KaK B nGrpe6a,,'IbHOM OOpH.lI.e, TaK H B no-
rpe6a1JbHO:\1 HHBeHTape (puc. 82 H 83).
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Tpa2I.HlLI10HHo.H n03e, Y Bcex HX, npHMepHo, Ol.I.Ha
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1i3.zr.enHM, KaK 6bI Ha:\1epeHHo TIOBTOpHBIIlIiX .IJ:pyr
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B 06II.J.IIX TIInOJIOrH1:IecKlix 1:IepTax.
KOJIJIeKTHBHe norpe6eHHH TaKoro pOll.a
B O.IJ:HHX CJIYl1aHX (HanpHMep nOHO:\IapeBO,
NQNQ 13, 17) MOrJIH 6bITb 3axopOHeHIIHJtII l1JIeHOB
pOJI:a, CTaBIIlIiX }KepTBOH 3 m-rJJ.e",-um, Bpa>KeCKOrO
Ha6era H .lI.pyrllx aHaJIOrlI1:IHbIX c...1Yl1aeB.
B .npyrllX npHMepax MbI Ha6mo..1aeM y}!{e pc13-
HOBpe:\'leHHbIe pHJI:OBbIe 3axopOHeHHH, Kor;r,a K MO-
rlITIe paHee YMepIIlero qe'10BeKa npnCOe..1HHHIOTCH
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xopOHeHHSI (YCTb-L{JJIraH, NQNQ 1, 2; nOHoMa-
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pOHeHIIH 1:IJIeHOB pO,Ja pHJI:aMIi cYIllecTBoBal, KaK
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pO.lI.OBOrO l1YBcTBa I-I 6bICTPOTY, C KOTOpOH npll
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BpalUalOTcH; TycKapopa 06pameHbI Tenepb B XPH-
CTHaHCTBO, HO He OCTaBII.TIIi 3TorQ 06bIq3,H. O!I.H.H
HH..Jeell. OHOHl(ara C006m.IIJI aBTOpy, QTO TOT }Ke
cnoco6 norpe6eHIIH no po.n:aM npe06JIa.n:aeT H
Tenepb Ha KJIal(611IUax OHOHl{ara H oHeMJI:a. XOTH
3TOT nopH,J.oK,' :\.IO}KeT 6bITb, II He..1b3SI CQHTaTb
Bce06IllIuI y IIHII.eMcKlix n1JeMeH, HeCO:\lHeHHO,
lITO B .rr.peBHlIe Bpe:\IeHa 3TOT cnoc06 norpe6eHIIH
rrpenOl1IITaJICH».l ,
KOHel1HO, TPYlIHO 6b!..1J0 6bI O}KIIlI.aTb, QT06
y nmIy6po.lI5IQIIX - nOJIyoCe!{JIbIX 1JeCHbIX OXOTHH-
KOB 3TOT 0 6bIl1aM cyrnecTBOBaJI B TaKHX }Ke CTpO-
J .TJbIOIIC f. Mop r a H. D:peBHee 06l1!eCTBO, HJlB
IICC.1Je..1.0BaHne .'IHHHH Qe.10BeQeCKOrO nporpecca OT JlKO-
eTH Qepe3 BapBapcTBo K QIfBH.T(JI3al{Hll. JI., 1934,
CTp. 50-51.
rJIABA VII. CEPOBCRHR STAn
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,.,
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BbIe 3axopoHeHIIH HcaKOBCKoro H cepoBcKoro Bpe-
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paLKeHHYIO KPBHYIO CBH3b 1:IoIleHO potI.a ;I.pyr C
.rr.pyroM. TaKoli xapaKTep j],peBHelfIIlux pH;I.OBbIX
3axopoHeHHM CTaHeT eII.J.e 60lee y6e.lI.IITeJIbHbIM H
Harol1H.lIHbIM, Korj],a 11bI OCTaBIIM ,lI.aaeKO n03a.lI.H
cepoBcKoe BpeM5I II nepeH,il,eM K rla3KOBCKII:\i
P5I:;1.0BbIM 3axopOHeHH5I:M., B KOTOpblX YBH.II.H.M Y>Ke
He paBHonpaBHbIX 6pa.q-a H ceCTpy, MaTb II e
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CTBa, ero }KeHY II ero )J.eTeM, CBH3aHHbIX Y3aMH
HOBOM, naTpHapx3.1bHOM, ceMbH.
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Horo pllTyaJIa cepoBcKoro II HcaKOBCKoro 3TanOB,
BbIpa}KeHHbIH B pacnOTIO}KeHIIII norpe6eHHblx,
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3TO 6b1J1H:
a) JIYK co CTpeJIaMH; 6) r1JHHHHbIM cocy.u.;
B) IIIJIlIcpOBaHHbIe Teena H3 c..1JaHQa HJIH 3eJIeHOrO
HecppHTa; r) m.TIllctJOBaHHbIM C1JaHQeBbIH HO>K;
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BKJIal{blIIIeBbIH HaKOHe1:lHIIK KonbH HJIII JIaBpO-
'IIICTHbIH lVIY}KCKOH HO}K (pHC. 82, 83).
lI.ocTaTOl1HO n03ToMY HaMTH norpe6eHIIe C «ce-
POBCKOH» oplIeHTHpoBKOH, 1:IT06 YBepeHHo
0>KH.lI.3Tb nOHBJleHHH eCJIH H He. cpa3Y Bcex nepe-
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60JIbmeM HX nOJIOBHHbI.
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34*
267
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011eHb IIHTepeCHO B 3TOM OTHOIIIeHIIH HraHa-
caHCKoe npe.i.J.aHHe, 3anlicaHHoe A. A. nonOBbDI,
B KOTOpm-I, 011eBII.lI.HO, OTpa)KeH TaKLKe II MO\leHT
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TOll, 11TO 3aopaCbIBa'1U Bce CBoe .u.OMaIIIHee XO-
3HHCTBO H, KpOJIe Toro, npHl1HHHJIH :\IHoro HeCqa-
I l'lartin S t ern b erg e r, Elias D a h r, Henrich
.\-1 u h 1. Das Grabfeld von Vasterbjers auf Gotland.
St.ockholm, 1943, CTp. 73-74.
.

70
ttACTb II. nPHBAA:RA.TJbE B HEOJIHTHqECROE BPEMa
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271
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3 M. O. K 0 C B e H. MaTpHapxaT (3THorpacpHllecKHe
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pHH (T. II) M., 1940, crp. 133.
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ct>HH POCCHH, T. I, Cm5., 1910, CTp. 145.
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H3Be1:lHOCTb naTpHapxaTa Ii MOHoraMHII, BCer.l(a II
HeH3;\leHHO Tepmn no..'lHOe KpyrneHHe.
I G. W. S tell e f. Beschreibung von dem Lande Kam-
tschatka, dessen Einwohnern, deren Sitten, Nahmen,
lebenart und verschiedenen Gewohnheiten. Frankfurt,
1774, CTp. 254.
2 w. K 0 p per s. Wirtschaftsformen und Kulturkreise.
Smaine d'ethnologue religieuse, Madding, 1923, CTp. 97.

2i2
LJACTb II. nPIiBAnK".TIbE B HEOJ1HTHGECIWE BPE:\Ul
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HbIe COBeTCKHMH 3THorpacpaMH r. i\1.. BaCIIJIeBJI11
II A. <1>. AHHCIiMOBbIl\.1. 4aCTH TeJIa :>KIIBOTHbIX.
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rJIaBHbIM oopa30:\f Te:UII H3 HIiX, KOTopbIe l\WrJIH
6bITb npllQ HHoti 3a6oJIeBaHHH.l TaK, H3BeCTHO,
1 B. f. B 0 r 0 p a 3. Pe.rmrH03Hble H.J,eH nepBo6bITHO..o
'Ie.1JOBeKa. 3eMJIeBe.D.eHHe, I, 1908, CTp. 71. - A. cI>. A H H
C HMO B.' TIpe.D.CTaB..'IeHHH 3BeHKOB 0 WHHrK.3HaX. OS. MA3,
XII, 1949.
l1TO Y TYHrYCOB 3y6 ;UIKOrO O'IeH5I CJIY:>KH.TI CpeLL - .
CTBOM OT 3y6HOH 60.."lH, a:\.tYoileTbl B BII,rr,e nO.llOC8K
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BHIlHbIe :\-tOHeTbI Tllna «ne.TIe», 1I3seCTHbIe no.lI.
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IIllIeCH H3 KpynHbIx :IOpCKIiX DaKosnH IO)f{HbIX
Mopell. .
..
. 1 S; M. S h i r 0 k 0 go r 0 f f. Social Organisation oi
the :\orthern Tungus, Shanghai, 1929.
2 f. M. B a C 1i.TJ. e B H q. HeKoTopble .aaHHbIe no OXOT-
HH'IbHM 06pSI.D.aM Ii npe.D.CT8B.leHHSIM y TYHrycoB. 3THO-
rpacpHSI, Nv 3, 1930, CTp. 58-59. - K. P hI 'I K 0 B.
EHHceHcKHe TYHrychI. 3eM.lJeBe!teHHe, IV, 1911.
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35 OH1l8J1;H1:IKOr:s A. rt"

21
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CH6HpH. COB. apXeOJIOrHH, I, 1935. CTp. 232-233.

280
tIACTb II. npUEArIK.-\.lbE B !IEO.1dTI1'1ECROE BPEMlI
rJIABA VII. CEPOBCHHR 3TAn
281
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nJIaBHO nepeXOIJ.HT B KPYTYIO BbmYK.:IOCTb TOJIcrofi
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)f{eHHHX ..10ceM, r.lla3a ,1,aHbI 3D.eCb 06'beMHO, B
BH.lI.e :\faJIeHbKIIX BbmYKJIOC1'eM. H03}J;plI nOKa3aHbI
Ee60..TJbIIlIIl\HI V;I:,mmeHHbIMH Hi\W1:IKaMIi. CaMaH
w
 
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no HH:mHeM l1€.iIOCTbIO Y C31vrOM IIIeH. HeT HfIKa-
Koro CO:\lHeHII5I B TO.J, l1TO OH 03Ha1:laeT TIOKpbITYIO
J...lI1HHOj% IIIepCTblO xapaKTepHYIO IIIIIIIIKY-
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CTHQeeKaH.
HaH;I.eHHa5\. p5J3J.OM C pec1J"IRCTllQeCKH1Hi li30opa-
1KeHIIH:MH JIoceM cpllrypKa l1eJIOBeKa TpaKToBaHa
B ooBepIIIeHHo .n:pyro:\'1 .lI.yxe, B HHOti CTa.TIHCTHl1e-
CKOM :\-iaHepe. I.Je.1JOEeK 11300pmKeH .KpaMHe YC.TIOB-
HO R cXeMa1'H1:IeCKR, n01:lTM KapllKaTypHo. T€.I"1o
ero JIllIIIeHO PYK, rOJI0Ba HenponOpWIOHaJJbHO
\la.'1a II C.J1HIIIKOM Kpyr.TIa. BMecTO Hoca 3JleCb
KaKoM-To nTH1:IHi-i K.I'IlOB. aTO, B CYII.J.HOCTH, ;.lI.a:me
He H306pa:meHlle HaCTOHIllero 11€.il0BeKOnO.lI.06HOrO
cym.eCTBa, a KaKaSI-TO aHTpOnO}wpcpH3HpOBaHHaH
I Henur.aJIbIJ:bI rOBopH.'1H JI. 5L IIITepH6epry, 1JTO,
«KOr1I.a y6HBaIOT COXBToro. Ha.ZJ.O cpe3aTb IIO.ZJ.llIellHYIO
KO:>KY B}1eCTe C lllepcTblO - xBHHKcaH H IIOBeCHTb ee H8
.:r.epeBo, If 60ry IIoKa3aTb, HH8'le coxaTblll He 6YlI.eT AO-
BHTbCH. B 3THX BOjlOCaX, KOTopble BCerJ18 oe.l0ro IJ:BeTa,
:>KHBeT !lyma coxaToro».
H. /Itl. CYC-10B 3amfca.'I B 1926 r. y r)"HrYCOB, lITO B
IIOJI.UIeHHOH mHmKe :>KHBeT ;r.yma O:JeHH, KOTOpa:H JI.ae-r
CqaCTbe 'le.TIOBeKY; n03IO\lY :>KCHIUHHbI-TYHrYCKH HOCHT Ha
ce6e 3TOT BO.OC B OC060M MelllOtIKe: Tor.a.a MY:>K 6y.neT
.1J06HTb, X03HHCTBO 6\"..'I.eT BecrlICb.
TIo CBe.aeHHH"f f. - M. BaCH.:IeBHtJ, CBaJIHBlllHHCSl no.ZJ.-
meHHblH BOJIOC ,;umoro KOIIbITHoro 3BepH, B KOTOpOM :>KH-
BeT ero !1.)Trna, OXpaHSleT 3;!.opOBbe OXOTHHK8 Ha npo-
MbIc.lIe, nO'leMY ere BCerlI.a 6epYT C coomo Ha IIpmfbIce:I.
.n. 51. ill T e p H 6 e p r. nepB06bITHaH pe.'1HfHH B CBeTe
3THOrpa4JHH. n, 1936, CTp. 423, 534; 0 H :>K e. OpHaMeHT
H3 OJleHbero BO.-lOca H HrJI lI.HKOOpa3a. COB. 3THorpa«pHH,
3-4, 1931, CTp. 122. - r. M.. B a C H.'1 e B H q. HeKoTopble
;r.aHHbIe no OXOTHH'lbHM 06pHJ1aM H IIpelI.CTaBJleHHRM Y
TYHrycoB. 3THorpa<puSl, N!? 3, 1930, CTp. 65. - M. C.
r y p B H 'l. OXOTHH'lbH 06bI'lan H 06pH.abl y Hace.'IeHHH
OJIeHeKCKoro paHOHI'L C60pHHK MaTep. no 3THorp. HKYTOB.
SlKYTCK, 1948, CTp. 87.
36 OWIaAHHtroB A. n.
nTHl1bH qmrypa, BepOH1'Hee Bcero, H306pa>KeRHe
H.,TJ..'I1030pHOro cpaH1'aCTIIl1eCKOrO cym:ecTBa, yxa.1
PH.IT,OM C onHCaHHbL\rH cKY.!lbnTypHbnm cpnrv-
pa:\HI .TIOCelf 113 .5a3aHxH, ,J.arnpOB3HHbnm HX
CBH3bIO C HeOJIIITH1.feCKIL\I HHBCHTapeM onpe.1.e-
.'1eUHOrO xapaKTepa, .rr,O..l)f{HbI ObITb 1I0 CTIiJIlO
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3THX )f{HBOTHbIX Ha CKavTJax. H3BeCTHbIe B6JIII31I
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a TaIOKe B pH,1:e leCT Ha Cpe,;"J,HeH .HeHe, Ha AHrape
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Hble H306pameHIIH KapIaHHOrO pa3Mepa, KaK B
Ea3aHxe, a OOJIbllIE.H l1aCTblO orpO:\1Hble, nOtITH
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oc060ro CTHnH If B03paCTa. Oco6eHHO HarJIHHO
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KIIHCKIIX CKa..lax B BepXOBbHX JIeHbI, r,J.e OHn
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KynHocTn OKO..10 ,rr,eCHTH TbICHQe.leTIiH - 01' naJIeo-
..TJHTa .].0 XVII B. BK.'1lOl1IITeJIbHO.
3neCb JlOlKHO Bu.rreTb, KaK rrOCTerreHHO B xo.rre
BeKOB leHHeTC5I cO.il.ep:maHlie H CTH,,'Ib nlicaHIIIl,
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 .
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KOHTypHble 11300paiKemiH, HO y:me npellCTaBIITe-
.:Iei'! 11HOrO, TaC)}\Horo, JlaHJLllIaqna, KaK Ha CKa-
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.'10cet'r .J..OCTlIraIOT Hali60JIbIIIerO COBepIIleHCTBa.
Ha 3TUX m!camU.I.ax, 3aHHMaIOIllHX B HCTOpHR
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,
peaJIH3Ma, KaK II Ha pe3HbIX CKYJIbfTT)'pax 113
Ea3aHXII - neLJaTb O.ilHoro BpCMeHII, O,1,HOro II
Toro }Ke MHpOB033peHIIH H MlipOOIIl.VIl.{eHl-ISI.
06pa3 H306pa)f{ae:\wro 3BepH BblnOJIHeH 3LLeCb
BCer)la C TaKOH >Ke Yl{HBHT€.ilbHOM BepHOCTbIO
npllpO.!Le, pea.lll1CTWIOCKH T01:lHO If )KII3HeHHO BO
BCeJ) xapaKTepHO:\J II CYIlleCTBeHHO:\I - H B 06-
IJJ:HX 011epTaHIIHx JIaCCI1BHOro Te.lJa }KHBOTHOro II
BO Bcex ero HaH600l1ee Bpa3I1Te.1bHbIX D.eTa.IIHX.
1 J. S a v en k 0 v. Sur les restes de l'epoque neolithi-
que, tr::>uves dans Ie Gouv. d'Enisseisk (Siberie Orien-
tale), sur la rive de l'Enissei, pres des embouchures de
la Bazaikha et du Tchadobeis. Congres internat
'ArcheoL et d'Anthropol. prehistoriques, II-erne session,
a Moscou, 1892, t. II. Moscou, 1893, CTp. 223-330, c
Ta6.'IHueH. - 11. T. CaB e H K 0 B. K pa3Be!I.0'lHbIM Ma:
Tepna.laM no apxeo.'10rHH CpelI.Hero Te'leHHH EHHceH.
113B. BCOPfO, T. XVII, ,N2 3-4, CTp. 30-33. -
H. K. A Y 3 P 6 8 X. JIOHcTOpHtIeCKOe IIpOlliJIOe TIpHeHHcefi-
CKora KpaH. KpacHoSlpcK, 1929.

r..1ABA VII. CEPO"BCRHR 3TA.n
233
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fKalOlI1.eeCH B TO:\-I, l1TO 3,J.eCb O!lHHaKOBO npe'1.-
CTaBJle.H o6pa3 J10CH (pHC. 90, 91, 92, 93).
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06CTOHTe..lbcTBa, a BJ!eCTe C TeJI B KaKoII-To Jlepe
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.:l,InlO paccMOTpeTb Bonpoc B 60JIee IImpoKoM
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284
qACTb II IIPHBAFU{A.TJbE 13 HEOJIIITllqECf\OE BPEM!l
r.1JABA VII. CEPOBCKHfI 3TAl1
283
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KHHbIM Ha I1JIIIMe, a KYJIbTYPHOM CJIoe 03.HOH 113
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IinHM. H3B. BCOPfO. T. LIII. 1926. CTp. 117.
2 C. B. H B a HOB. MeD.BeD.b B HCKYCCTBe tIapOtJ.HOCTeH
AMypa. C60pH. n3MSlTU B. f. Eoropa3a. JI.. 1937.
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1903. CTp. 114.
4 H. A. JI 0 n a T U H. fOJIb!l.bI 3MypcKHe, YCCypHHCKHe
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1912, CTp. 335.
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.ll, ocTynHbl y"MY nepBo6b1THoro '4.e."'lOBeKa.
I P. 1\'1 a a K. BH.'IIOHCKHH oKpyr, 'I. II, CTp. 128.
2 CM. Hanp_, pa60TY aKa;!,. 11. 11. MeruaHlIHoBa «5Ibll{
H MbHIl"leHHe B ;!,OK."iJaCCOBO:\I o6rucCTBe» (Dpo6.lleMLI HCTO-
pun .1LOKamn. 06111.., 9-10. 1934 r.L r.Qe nO.'.l.p06Ha 113.' a-
ra.1JClCb ;:{aImaH cxe:Ma, a TClKIKe ero pa6an)!, nOCBHl11.eHHDle
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HH.1aCb.
I P. M. a a K. BH.JIlOikKnH oKpyr 5!KYTCKOii 06.1aCTH,
Ii. III. Cn6., 1887, CTp. 109; tJ. II, CTp. 121.
2 11. C. f Y P B H tJ. OXOTHn'IbH 06bltJan n 06pSlLtbI Y Ha-
CE'.1JeHHH OneHeKcKoro paHoHa_ C60pH. MaTep. no 3THorp.
m<yTOB, 5!KYTCK, 1948, CTp. 74-91. - f. M. B a C II Jl e-
B JI (L HeKoTOpble ,J.aHHble no OXOTHHqbHM 06pH.J.a\f II
npeJ.craB.'1eHHSlM TYHrycoB, CTp. 57-67.
3 Cp.: aHa.:IOmqHbIe npHlepbI, npHBe;{eHHble Jl. K. 3e-
.'1eHHHblM B ero pa601'e «Ta6y C.1l0B Y Hapo,nOB BOCTOq-
HOM EBponbI H ceBepHOH A3I1H», q. I. 3anpeTbl Ha
OXOTe 11 llHbIX npmlb1c:r3X. C60pH. \A3. VIII, 1929,
CTp. 47-50.
4 5I. Jl. C T P e .'1 0 B. AKTbI apXHBOB 5!I{YTCKOH 06JlaCTJ-!.
5IKYTCK, 1916, CTp. 28.
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l1eCImi1, :\IeracpH3Hl1eCKHH xapaKTep. OH Eblpi>!Ba.1
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BOCTOtIHOM nOJlOBIIHe 3eMJIH }KHBYT OpOtIH H HX
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JIOCHxa YCTaeT H nepecTynaeT C HonI Ha Hory,
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ttel{ TaTapcKoro npo,;um8. nepno6blTH8R pe.rmrRS! B CBeTe
3THorpatPHH, JI., 1936, CTp. 22-23.
2 B. A. A B pop H H H 11. H. K 0 3 b M H H C K H H. npe.n-
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meCTBHHX waMaHOB, H306pa:meHflbIe Ha «Kap'fe». C6. MA9,
XI, 1949.
37 OKll8WIHY-0I5 A n.
1 S. M. S hi r 0 k 0 go r 0 f f. Social Organisation of
the Northern Tungus. With introductory chapters con-
cerning geographical distribution and History of these
Groups. Shanghai, China, 1929, CTp. 204-205. -
Cp.: S. M. S hi r 0 k 0 g 0 r 0 f f. Psychomental Complex
of the TunliUs. London, 1935, crp. 122 (r.1JaB8 XI, 39).
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290
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rHJISur.Koro fl3blKa II <pOJIbKJIOpa, T. I, II. 1. 9noc
(no3fbI II cKa3aHHH, nepBafl nOJIOBHHa). Cn6., 1908,
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3 Margaret L a h tis. The Alaska Whale cult and its
ffinities. Amer. Anthropologist, vol. 40, N2 3, 1938.
06CTOHTe1bCTBO, 1JTO HaXO,J,H:\Ible B Be1JHOMep3.
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I H. n. r p H r 0 p 0 B C K H it OnHcaHHe BaclOraHcKoH
T}%J;pbl. 3an. 3an.-CH6. OTll. pro, KH. VI, OMCK, 1884,
CTp. 40.
2 A. A. non 0 B. YCTHoe C006ll{eHHe.
3 E. O. JJ. 0 JI r H x. .rcTHoe C006ll{eHHe.
4 H. C. r y p B H II. KOCMorOHHlleCKHe npe;r.CTaBJIeHHH
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1948, N!! 3, CTp. 130.
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po;xa II JKUre.'lH. 3an. pro no oDm. reorpaHH, II. 1869,
CTp. 414-416. - K. P bPI K 0 B. EeperOBofi pOlt IOpa-
KOB. 3an. 3an.-CH6. OTlI.. pro, KH. XXXIII. 1916,
CTp. 188.
2 J1. C. r y p B H 'l, YK. COil., CTp. 130.
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-! TaM )Ke, CTp. 38.
37 e
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onpIf. CI50pH. MA3, XI. 1949.

29
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1935.
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HHe 0 CBH3H OJIeHH H .TIOCH C npeHCnO.lI.HeM, CTlI-
xHeM BOilbI, OTpa.IKeHO II B KHTaticKoti .I1HTepa-
Type.
T aK, B «CBOilHOlf cpap:\IaKonee» co.n:ep>KaTCH
BeCb:\-ra xapaKTepHble .J.aHHble 0 nHTH.HCTO:\l OJIeHe
Ii JIOce H CBH31I HX C QYlI..OBIIII1HbIM JI.pa.KOHOM 
.7Iy'. 3 OHa ony6.lIHKOBaHa 6blJIa B 1596 r., HO
5IB.TJ:HerC5i 3aBepmeHHeM .llJIHHHOrO pH.J.a KHTaI'i-
CKHX cpaplaKoneH, Ha1.J:UHaIOm.HXCH, eCJIII BepHTb
KIlTaiicKIHI HCTOplIqeCKII!\I :1.aTa:u, n01.JT.H 5000 .TIeT
TO;\fY Ha3a,J: «<pap:\Iau.eaTII1:Iec.KIDI KaHOHOM»
(E9Hb-ll.ao-ll.3HH), npHn.HCbIBaei\Ibnl CKa301:lHOl\lY
rocy:r.aplO IIhHb-HYHY.
KaK rOBopHTCH B 3T0)1 113.lI.aHIIH, MaHl.I.lKypCKIlr'i
nHTHIICTbIH OJleHb Ha3bIBaeTCH TeJ.1 }Ke CJIOBO:\I,
l1T() H ,11.paKOH - «.TIp>, HJIlI «631KB-JIYH» - «miT-
HHCTblH .lI.paKoH». \ «nHTHHCTbIli o.TIeHb, - nHllleT
,
aBTOp, CCbIJIaHCb Ha .1pyroe, OOJIee paHHee C01:l1l-
HeHlIe - ,,3anHCKH 0 UHHbHHHe", - 6p O .lI. HT
BleCTe C }lpaKOHO:\I, cOBoKynJIHHCb C HHJI,
n01:le1\IY H nOJIY1.J:aer TaKlIe CTpaHHble pora; nOTO-
:\OfY-TO nHTHHCTbIH O.TJeHb .H IHleHyeTcH .1paKO-
HO-1».2
B .lI.pyrHx nCTO'lHHKaX, ll.HTnpye).lblX aBTopO)'l
«CBO.lI.HO.H: cpap:\18KorielI» JIH-lIlH-1.J:3HeM, OT-
'Jel1aeTCH l1TO OJIeHb - «Bo.TJ:we6Hoe» cymecTBO.
B l1aCTHOCTH, B KH.Hre «3anHCIi Hcc..1e.lI.oBaH.HM
o CTpaHHO)1 (IIlY-H-u.3Y)>> C006ll.J.aCTCH, 1:ITO nHT-
HHCTbIM O.TIeHb B TbICH1:IeJIeTHeM B03paCTe cepbIii:,
eme 4cpe3 nHTbCOT JIeT .rr;enaCTCH 6eJIbIM, a ell.J.e
'1epe3 TI51TbCOT JIeT CTaHOBnTCSl qepHblM. B «.II,0-
nOJIHeHHOM 3P-H» rOBopIiTCH, 1:ITO <<TIHTHHCTbIH
O.TIeHb 06JIa.n:aeT CBOMCTBOM BOJlIIIe6HOro 3BepH,
IWTOpbIH l\IO}KeT caM ce65I JIel1HTb. B 60 JIeT no.,!
ero pOral\lIl 06H3aTe.TIbHO nOHBJIHeTCH .rrparOll.eH-
Hafl siIIIMa (II;3103) nypnypHoro Il.BeTa, C necT-
pbIMH pa3BO.lI.aMlI».3
Do.n..o6HO n51TRHCTOMY OJleHIO, IIOJIarami .J.PCB-
u
HHe KHTaliCKHe aBTopbI, .TJ:OCb TO>Ke HaXOl(HTCH
B 1:Iy.n:eCHOH CBH3H co CTHXHHJH II KOCMOCOM.
COrJIaCHO UYHb1:l>KYHOBbJ:liI «3anHcKa:M», no Ka-
..leHJJ:apIO K 311:\lHeMY CO.l1HueCTOHH.HIO (.u.YH-l1}KH)
cna.lI.aIOT pora JIOCH', a K .TIeTHeMY COJIHll.eeTOHHIIIO
(CH-l1H) cna.lI.aIOT pora nSITHIICToro OJIeH 51 , Ha-
nO"\1HHaH 3T.HM 1:Iepe.n.OBaHHe naCCH-BHOrO Ha-
llaJIa - IIHb H aKTlIBHoro Ha1:la,,'Ia - HHb KIiTaii-
CKOH cpllJIOCOcpHH. 4
YTpaTa porOB OJIeHeM .H JIOcel\I B OOOHX C.llY-
lIaHX 061>HCHHeTCH KaK pe3YJIbTaT HX cOBOKyn-
.;leHHH C Ha1.J:a.TIO:\1 KOC:VlOca, aKTIIBHbIl\-I - B O.lI.H.HX
CJIrqaHX, naCCHBHbIM - B ..:1.Pyrllx, npH1:Ie:\1 0 JIOce
rOBopHTCH: «JIOCb HBJIHeTCH 6o.TIOTHbIM >KIIBOT-
HbI:.\l, naCCIiBHbnf (IIHb), CTpaCTHbIM H nOXOTJIlJ-
BbIM. OH. 6PO;I..HT no' 60.TIOTaM, KO BpeMeHH 3.HM-
Hero COJIHUeCTORHHH, coen:.HHH5iCb C a.KTHBHbD-1
Hal1aJIOj\,I, TepHeT pora li npno6peTaeT BE.], JiH-
rneHHoro rraCCHBHOCTH (HHb)>>. OJIeHb, HanpOTHB,
coeJJ:IIHReTCH C naCCHBHbIM, T. e. :>KeHCKHM, Ha1:la-
JIOM. 5
OrBJIe1:leHHbIe KOCMlIl1eCKlIe Hal1aJIa «IIHb» II
'"'
«HHb» B AaHHOl\l CJIyqae O.L(HHaKOBO OOHapY}KJI-
BalOT B KHTaticKoH JIHTepaType 3HaKOMbIe HaM
'lepTbl KoouiqeCKOrO 3Bep5i 11 cooTBeTcTBYlOT 60-
.nee .npeBHc:\IY KOHKpeTHoMY nepcoHH<pHII;HpoBaH-
I A. A. non 0 B. YCTHoe coo6rueHlle. - «BpaT Xpucra»
B il.OJIraHCKO:\I paCCKa3e npe.a.CTaB..1HeT co6ofi BTopoe, 31IOe,
HalJaJIO :I.ya.'IHCTHtJecKoH KOCMorpHlfH, CBH3aHHoe C XPH-
CTHaHCKOH MHcpo.10rueH TOJIbKO ."1Hlllb HaHMeHOBaHHeM.
2 M. 0 III a p 0 B. CeBepUbIe CKa3KIL HOBOCIl6I1pCK, 1935,
crp. 146-149.
3 A. B. Map a K y e B If A. B. P \" .!I. a K 0 B. nHnmcTblii
OJIeHb n KHTaHCKOH cpapMaKonee.' BecTH. )J.a.TJbHeBocT.
cpHJIHaJIa AKa.ZI.. HaYK CCCP, J\"!! 1, .B.la.J,.uBocTOK, 1935,
crp. 77-104.
I TaM }Ke, CTp. 84.
2 TaM }Ke.
3 TaM }Ke.
of TaM }l{e, CTp. 86.
 TaM JoKe, CTp. 87.
,
HO:\IY OOpa3Y .1paKOHa - ny, C KOTOpbIM, no
C.TJOBalI J1.pyrnx nHcaTe.n:eH, C0i30KynJISIIOTCH
O.lleHb H JIOCb, H3BeCTHble KIfTaHlla:\1 1:Iepe3 .HX .ce-
BepHblx coce:1.eM.
KOC:\I.Hl1eCKHH xapaKTep 3THX 1.J:YlI.OBIIll.J.HbIX 06-
pa30B nepB06bITHoM :\.J.H<pOJIOrHJI cH6npcKHx TIJIe-
,
)IeH ocooeHHO BbmYKJIO Bblpa>KeH B npe.n:cTaBJIe-
HIIHX 0 TOM, l1TO BHYTPb Te.TIa rHraHTCKoro OJIeH5I'
H.1JH ..lOCH npOHHKaeT :\oIHcpHl1eCKHH repOH, a 3aTe;\!
....
BbIXO,J.HT OTTY.lI.a oopaTHo.
3roT CIOLKeT H3BeCTeH B pa3mfl1HbIX BapHaHTax
y Ca;\IbIX pa3JIH1.J:HbIX HapO.lI.oB 3eMHoro IIIapa; 1:ITO
HCHO CBlt1eTeJIbCTByeT C ero .f.TIy6oKoM 2J:peBHOCTH
<, ....
II no.nJIIIHHOH nepBoobITHOCTH.
CeBepo-a:\lep.HKaHCKHe HHlI.eflll.bI paccKa3bIBaIQT
.1a)Ke, 1:ITO .HX :\-IH <pH1:IeCKH ii repoii: npoHIiKaeT
BHYiPb Te..,la BeJUH\OfO JIoc.5i, a 3aTe1\-\ BbIX01J.HT
oTTY.J:a, n0.106HO 6116neHCKOMY HOHe (9a),
npor.TJOl.IeHHoMY KHTOM II BbI6pomeHHoMY 06-
paTHo.
B 3noce MOHrO.TJOI3 :.\lIIcpHl1ecKHM repoH f3C3p
Oe}KHT Ha He60 OT CBoero OTll.a H cKpbIBaeTcH B
BOJI.Y, a 3aTeM 06pamaeTcH B :.\laJIeHbKufr Ka:\le-
meK, JIe>KaIll.UH Ha 6epery. npeCJIC.il.OBaTCJIb I'JIC-
TaeT ero. Ka:\'leHb BbJXO.lI..HT 113 ero YTp06bI .H no-
na}aeT B Y11p06y OJIeHH. 113 YTPOObl OJJeHff
BbIXO.lI.IIT rY.lI.3e ()Ke.n:y.rr;OK), 113 KOToporo BbIJIyn-
.1HeTCH .lI.eBOlIKa, 6Y.lI.ymaR MaTb f3C3pa. 1
nonbITKa f3C3pa CKpbITbCH B BO.rr.e II npeapa-
Ill.eHHe ero B Ka:\leIIIeK, JIe}KamliH Ha 6epery,
CHOBa YKa3bIBalOT Ha oc06o BmKHYIO pmlb B01I.bl
B J\mcpe 0 1:IY.J.OBHID:HOM 3Bepe npeHCnO.!I.HeH-
O.!TeHe, Ha CBSI3b 3Toro 06pa3a C BO.ll.HOH cnI-
xnerr .
B :\I1I.pooilorHII aJITallll.eB TOl1HO TaK )Ke OTMelleH
rliraHTCKHM :\lapaJI, >KIIBym.HH Ha 3TOT pa3 y}Ke
npHMo B rJIy6HHe 03cpa. BHYTPIi MapaJIa 3aKJIIO-
l1eHa l,YIIIa XapaxYJIbI. 03epo 3TO H83bIBaeTCH B
aJITaHCKOH .I1ereH..1.e )IOJI0l1HbJ}1 03epoM, a Haxo-
;I,.HTCH OHO B CYMep-YJIaH-TaHre. 2 B 6Y.lIJI.HMCKoii
7\f.H<pOJIOrHII .fopa CY-Iep OJIHll.eTBOp5leT Bce.'1eH-
HYIO, a ).IOJI01:lHOe 03epo B 3noce CHl\lBOJIH3H.pyeT
:\IHpOBOM OKeaH. TaKMl\1 06pa30M, pe1.J:b .HJ.leT Ii
3eCb 0 'KOCMHqeCKO)-f rvrapane - npelicnoJI:HeiI II
TaKO)I :>Ke KOCMHqeCKOM repoe BHYTPH ero.
TaKoH 06pa3 1:IYOBlllUHoro nOCH npeHcnOHeH
..
3aperllCTp.HpOBaH TaK.lKe B HH.neHCKHX JIereH7J.ax.
OH CTOIIT «Ha;:r, peKOH», T. e. B peKe H npOrJIaTbI-
BaeT Ka:>K}.J.oro, KTO cnYCKaeTcSl BHH3 no peKe.
Te )Ke aJITaMll.bI paCCK33bIBaJIli Bep6Mll.KOMY,
liTO «MaJIb'lIH-K, BnOCJIe.lI.CTBHH xaH DIO.lI.efr, nome.n
BBepx no O,11.HOMY 03epy, ysH.lI.eJI Ha O,[lHOH rope
.ile}KaBmero rpOMa.L(HOrO rvrapaJIa (OJIeHb), Y KO-
Toporo pora .n,OCTHrJIII He6a. MaJIb1:lMK BOlllCJI B
I r. H. nOT a H H H. BOCTOtJHbIe MOTHBbI B Cpe.ZI.HeneIW-
nOM eBponeHCKOM 3noce. M., N389, CTp. 151. - Cpo .rr.pyrne
aHaJIorHQHble npHMepbI TaM }l{e: CTp. 932, npuM. (repoii
BHYTPH TYllIH O"1eHSI, CXBaqeHHorO QYlJ.OBJUHOH nTHueli
XaH-rapHu); CTp. 350, 387; 470, 644, 727, 734--735
(repoH HaXOItUTCR BHYTPII tJYJJ.OBrfJIlp(Jro LKHBOTHoro UJIH
I1THl.{bI) .
2 r. H. 11 0 T a H II H. OlJepKH CeBepO-3maJI.HOH :\-\01-{.
romm, IV, CTp. 372,

294
1.fACTb JI. nPIfBAf1RA.TJbE B HEO.1IfTn 4 ECl-iOE BPE)'R
r.TJ.ABA VII. CEPOBCRllfi 3TAn
29.5
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COBepmeHHO TaKOll >Ke 06pa3 repOH, npOHU-
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.:tOCH CYIIl.eCTByeT n B moce IHorH.¥ cH6npCKliX
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B OJIOHrXO «MHorOCTpa,Z{alIbHbIM MHororpern-
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npHXO.1HT K repmo, npeBpaTHBIIlIICb B .,'IOCH, C
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pepy6aeT. T or1I.a .10Cb npeBpaIIJ.aeTCH B o(\ra-
1 bIPH If Hal1lIHaeT 6I1TbCH. 3p-CorOTOX CTa.;I 0J1.0-
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,., c" ",
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,J,apyeT eMY }KH3Hb, HO C yc.rroBlieM 6bITb Y Hero
B pa60THIIKax.
TIOCJIe Tpex JIeT CJIY)K6bI .:tbHBOJIbCKHfr 60ra-
TbIpb, AHraa-MoHryc, oCKop6.11eHHbIll X03.HIIHO:\.I,
nOKHaeT ero H HaCbIJIaeT HeCqaCTbH. no COBeTV
60nmH 3el\JJIH AaH-JI,apXaH-XOTYH 3P3ll,Q.33i
BYP}'M)1.aaX 3p-CCroTOX H)].eT YMOJIHTb CBoero
6bIBIIIero pa60THffKa. OKa3aBerOCH rp03HbIM IIIa-
I3HOM, CMHJIOCTHBHTbCH. TIoc.lle.:I.HHM Tpe6yeT OT
Hero ero CbIHa, KOHH H 6bIKa.
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HYB PYKII, rOBopHT C rHeBO1: «TbI, BH;I.IIMO, OiHH
Bce C'beJI, 06!I.eJIHJI!». CTaJIH II.paTbCH - YOHR
)KeHY. A6aahbI CTaJI KOpl1HTbCH OT CTpaIIIHofl
60JIH B )KHBOTe. HaKOHeu. OH ynaJI 3a:\-lepTBO, a
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CBeT. 2
Bo Bcex npllBe..=r.eHHbIx CJIYl1aHX ..10Cb, CTaBIIIlIti
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..
BJlHeTCH, CJIe.:{OBaTeJIbHO, C HII)KHHM liMpOM Bce-
.ileHHoH, .HBJIHeTCH ee KOHKpeTHbDt, nepcoHHcplIlI.ll-
'"'
pOBaHHbIlt, oopa30M.
l.JpeBO ero - 'npeIICnO.lI.HHH, a :\lHqmqeCKIIH re-
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.
t B. H. Be p 6 H UK Ii H. A.'ITaitcKHe HHOPOJIUbI. C60pH.
3THorp. CTaTeH H HCC.'1eJ:. aJITaitcK. MHCCHoHepa npoT.
B. Ii. Bep6uUImro. .1\'1., 1893, CTp. 140.
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(HHH.5IJIH) 5IK)K. ACCP, C.tO)KTb1 O:IOHrXo.
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CBH.J:eT€.ilbCTB, KOTopbre nOKa3bIBa1OT, KaK B 00-
pa3e KOCMlIl1eCKOfO OleHH H..11I 10CH tbIC-
 
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He60.
B HaCKa..'IbHbIX 1I306palKeHHHx OHe)KCKOrO
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Ha.J: <pnrYPOM .1JOCSl H306pa)KeH Kpyr, COe!{IIHeH-
HbIM CO cnHHoM )KIIBOTHOro npH:\tOM .TIHHHeii.
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(Skidi Pawnee): S w.a n ton. Tlingit Myths and Texts.
Report. Bureau of Amer. Ethnology, 1909. - D 0 r s e y.
Traditions of the Skidi Pawnee. Boston and New York.
1904, CTp. 125. 133. - H. K u !1 i k e. Zur Astra]myto]oe
der Nordamerikanischen Indlaner. Internal. Archl\' fur
Ethnographie. T. XXVII, Bbln. V-VI. Leiden. 1926,
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lITO OH BH;J.eJI H CJIbImaJI BHYTPIi ce6H 3a Bce 3TO
Bpe'fH. CaMoro }Ke Apo:\fa- TeJIJIe BH.n.eTb HeJIb351,
l'aK KaK OH CJIlIlliKOM BeJIHK, JIIIlIIb CTpeJIbI ero
BH.lI.HbI, KOTopbIe OH Me1:leT B OJIeHH; 3TH CTpe.nbI
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HX MOJIHHHMH. . .
1 H. X 3 P Y 3 H H. PYCCKHe .10napn. OqepKH COBpeMeH-
Horo n npOllI.'lOrO OblT3. M., 1890, CTp. 148.
2 J1. A. X Y .lI. SI K 0 B. BepXOSIHCKHH COOpHHK. S!KYTCKue
CKa3KII, neCHH, 33r31J,KII II nOc.iJOBHUbI, a TaK>Ke PYCCKlJe
CKa3KII II necHu, 33nHC3HHbie B BepXOSIHCKOM oKpyre. 3al1.
BCOprO no 3THOrpacpHH, T. I, BbID. 3, HpKYTCK, 1890,
crp. 21.
3 TaM >Ke.
.. 3. K. n e K a pc K H H. C.:JoBapb SIKYTCKoro SI3bIKI,
CTp. 2530.
6 O. <1> H H W H 3. E P 3 M. nYTeWeCTBHe B 3ana.!J.HYJO
CHOHpb, M., 1882, CTp. 457.
1 r. H. nOT a H H H, yK. COil., IV, CTp. 712; 0 H JK e.
BOCTOqHble MOTliBbI B cpe.n.HeBeKoBoM eBponeHcKoM 3noce,
c:rp. 793.
2 r. H. nOT a H n H. OqepKH, IV, 712-713.
3 B. r. DO r 0 p a 3. 4YK1JH, IV. JI., 1939, cTp. 24-
25. - Cpo aUaJIOfHqHble npelJ.CT3BJIeHHSI 0 lYHe U 3Be3.n.ax,
K3K OJIeHHX, Y HH.n.eHueB CeBepHoH AMCpHKH (H. K u-
n j k e. Zur Astralmyth010gie..., CTp. 118-119).
38 OR..8AHHROB A. n.
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no :\.laTepHaJIa.1 51. JIHH.lI.eHay, TYHrYChI, npo-
jIUlBaBlIIHe B paMOHe Y.lI.CKOrO OCTpora, Ha3bIBaJiH
nOrlHpHYIO 3Be3J{Y - Toki, BOJIblIIYIO Me.J.Be-
.1.HUY - Aulwa," ce:\lb 3Be3,IT. - Seraedaek, M.llel1-
HbIii TIYTb - Mangniat schitschan.
«no 3TOMY nOBO.ny, - rOBopnT JInH.lI.eHay,-
..
eCTb JIereH.lI.a, l1TO O.lI.HH CH.I'IbHbIH MY}K1JHHa-
OXOTHHK npeCJIenOBaJI OJIeHH 1I0 Tex I19P, nOKa
- 1 M. n. r p H r 0 p 0 B C K H ii. npellaHHe HapblMCKHX
HHopOD.ueB 0 C03Be311HH «JIOCb». TOMCK. ry6. Be.noMocTH.
1882, NQ 31. - f. H. nOT a H H H, YK. COq., IV,
CTp. 778-779.
2 H. 11. .n. IX p e H K 0 B a. IllopCKHli OJJbKnop. cTp. 283.
3 R 11. B e p 6 H UK H H. CnoBapb aJJTaikKOro H
aJIaD.arCKOro Hape'lHH TlOpKCKoro Sl3b1Ka. Ka3aHb, 1884,
C'l'p. 417.
I H. X a p y 3 H H. PYCCKHe nonapH, CTp. 347.
2 B. lL C e p 0 ill e B C K H H. 51KYTbl, Cn6.,
CTp. 660.
3 A. A. non 0 B, YCTHoe Coo6lll.eHHe.
<I B. f. Eo r 0 p a 3. qyJ{tIH, II. CTp. 29.
5 TaM JKe, CTp. 25.
IS r. H. nOT a H If H, :}'K. C01J., IV, 713,
38*
1896.
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HeCTopa H CeM1JaC }KHBYT; Bce OHH CtIHTaIOTCH
nOTOMKaMH XaJJJIaH-YOJIa.
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(CJIe.lI.) Ha He6e, T. e. MJIetIHbIU nYTb. 3
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CJle.:r.aMH JIbI}K KOCMHlJ:eCKO.ro OXOTHIIJ{a TYHK-
noxa, KOTOpbIH fHaJICH JIO He6y 3a lIIeCTHHorHM
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TYHK-nOxa. 4
1 Sl. .n n HIt e Hay. OnHC3IIHe 1YHrYCOB YlI.CKOrO
OCTpora. 1734.
2 H. To Jl 0 K 0 He K H H. 51gyTCKue n)c''IOBHl.{bI, 3araJJ.KH.
Cl:iSITO'lHbIe ra!{aHHH, 06PSlD.bI, nOBepbH Ii .1JereHl1b1. C06paIto
npH 6JIJf>KaHIlleM Y1JaCTHH Y1J}lTe."'IH SlKYTa A. K.ynaK013-
CKOro. HpK)'TCK, 1914, CTp. 87-88.
3 f. H. nOT a H H H. EpKe. KY.TfbT CbIHa He6a B ceBep-
HOH A3HII. MaTepua.1b1 K TypKO-MOHro.iJbCKOif m<pO10rHH.
TOCK, 1916, crp. 97.
4 S. Pat k a n 0 v. Yrtysch-Ostjaken und ihre Volks-
Poesie. T. I. Cn6., CTp. 117. - f. Ii. nOT a If H Ii. Boc.
T01JH&>Ie MOTHBbl..., corp. 743.

oo
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3THX Ka;\-IHHX O;1.HH no)! .lI.pyrH}I, rOJIOBbI IIX 00-
paII.J.eHbl HanpaBo; TeJIa OJIeHeH y npaBoro Kpa9.
nJIHTbl npHnO.lI.HHTbI, y .TIeBOrO - onym.eHbI. Ha-
npaB..'IeHlIe .TlIIHIiIl xpe6Ta 3Bepeti cooTBeTcTByeT,
nO.TJO}KeHIIIO TpE'X 3Be3;1. B «nOHce OpHOHa», KOTO-
pbIe 06pa3YIOT. ..II1HHlO, npHnO.1HHTYIO Ha npano:\:
KOHlI.e n onYII.J.eHHYIO Ha 1eBOM.3
I r. H. nOT a H Ii H. EpKe, CTp. 44, 67; 0 H if{ e.
OqepKH CeBepo-3ana.nHoH MOHrolin, IV, CTp. 201: 0 H
.iK e. TaHryro - TlfoeTCKafi oKpaHH8 KliTafi H ueHTpaJIbHafi
"''\OHroJIlffI, T. II, CTp. 328; 0 11 }I( e. BOCT01JHble toTHel:.[
B cpe.nHeBeKoBoM eB!JoneikKo:'I 3noce. M., J 889,
CTp. 445.
2 f. H. nOT a H H H. OqepKH CeBepO-3ana,1HOii M.OHro-
.'IIIH, II, cno., 1881, CTp. 70; AT.TJaC 3.peBHocTefi l\'\oHro-
.TJIUI. Tp. 0pXOHCK. 3Kcne!!:Hum. no!!: pe.n. B. B. Pa}J..'IOB<I,
Cfi6., 1892. - 11. H. Me 11\ a H Ii H () B. KaMeHHble CTaT)'"
PbI6-BlUuanoB Ha KaBKa3e n CeBepHoH MOHro.'mn. 3an.
KO:I.'IernH BOCTOKOBe.u.OB npH A3naTcK. MY3ee AKa.n:. HaYK,
T. I, CTp. 401  - C. H. JI anT e B. Apxeo.1JOrHqeCKlie
3aMeTKH H3 .iJ.HeaHHKa MOHro.1JbCKOH 3Kcne.n:HIJ.HJI 1924 r.
Tp. CeKUHH BCOPfO (K 75-i\: ro.nOBIIJ.HHe ome.1Ja).
HpKYTCK, 1926, CTp. 142-143 (10-11). - J. G. G ran o.
Ober die geographische Verbreitung und die Formen der
.\ltertiimer in der Nordwestmongolei. Journ. de 18 Soc.
£inno-ougr., XXVIII, I, Helsingfors, 1910, CTp. 40-47;
Tao.lI. XXII H .np. - f. n. Co C HOB C K H H. PaHHHe
KoqeBHHKH 3a6aHKa.1JbfI. Kp8TK. co06. I1I1MK, VIII,
M.-.TI., 1940, cT]). 36; 0 H ]I{ e. nJIHTOqHbIe MorH.lJbJ
3a6aHK8JIbfI. foc. 3pMHTa>K, Tp. OT.iJ.. IICropHJI nepBo6b1TH.
K)'JIbT}'pbl, JI., 1941, CTp. 307. (K CT8Tbe npH.'JO>KeHB
«KapT8 pacnpocTpaHeHHfI n.III1TOqHbIX MOrHJI B 3analJ.HOM
3a6aHKaJlbe, t'jle YKasaHN H «o.n.eHHbIe KaMHU».)
3 f. H. nOT a H H H. EpKe, CTp. 79. .
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*eHHH MapaJIOB Ha OReHHWX KaMHHX conpo-

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Ii BeJIJ1:lIlIH 3BepMHbIX 06pa30B. 3 aepb 3,lI.eCb
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Ka3aH MaJIeHbKHM H )KaJIKIIM, ero }fHHHaTIOpHaH
11 CXeMaTHl1ec.KH BbITIOJIHeHHaH cpllrypKa npOCTO
I B. H. P a B ;J, 0 H If K a c. 3.lJeMeHTbJ JWCfJil.JeCKHX npe.:1-
CTBB.lleHliH B 06pa3ax HaCIa.lbHblX n306aw:eHliiL COB.
apXe0J10rHR, IV, 1937, CTp. 11-31.
1 11. T. CaB.e H K 0 B. K pa3Be;J.OlIHblM MaTepHaJIaM
no apXeOJIOrHH cpe..J,Hero TeqeHHfI EHHcefi. H3B BOCT. CHO.
OT.lJ.. pro, T. 17, N!! 3-4, 1886.
TepHeTCH Ha cpOHe BeJIlil1aBOM qmrYPbI JIOCH. OHa
II Hor.n;a 6bIBaeT )::{a)Ke 51BHO nplIpHCOBaHHOf(
fI03)!Hee K OCHOBHOMY H306pa)KeHHIO H BTHCHYTa
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1\O:\WOOHll.HH, KaK 3TO 3aMeTHO Ha 60JIbmOH rpa-
HHTHOM rJIbI6e y 1l0JIroro nopOfa B HH30BbSlX
AHrapbl.
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caMa no ce6e n03a 1I306paeHHoro 3.zr.eCb
'-IeTJOBeKa. OH nOKa3aH B pHTyaJIbHOM nOJIO.>Ke-
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Hero 06pa3a. 3BepH. PYKH ero mJIHTBeHHO
B03.J,eTbJ K rHraHTCKOMY 3BepIO, HOfH corHYTbI B
KOJleHHX B BH.lI.e pOM6a. TaKoe HeOOblqaHHOe C
TO\iKII 3peHIIH nOBCe.lI.HeBHOH LKH3HfI nOJIO)KeUue
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MapKCB». COq., T. IV, CTp. 182.
2 K. M 8 P J( C II «1>. 3 H r e.'1 b c, COq., T. 'IV, Tp. 21

302
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I'.llABA VII. CEPOBCKIIFl TAt1
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.I11OAII JJ.OJUKHbI nyHKTyaJlbHO BbmOJIHHTb LKepT-
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«rocTSIM». a 3Bepll B3aMeH 3roro OTL{aIOT H}!
cooe fHCO.
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KY, - milleT JI. 51. IIlTepHoepr, - TO 3TO TOJIb-
1 B. 11. 11 0 x e.n b C 0 H. TIo peK3M 5!catJHoA H Kop-
KO.<J.OHY. llpeBHMH H COBpeMeHHblA IOKampCKHH 6b1T II
nHCbMeHa. 113B. pro, T. XXXIV, 8b1n. 3, 1898, CTp. 263;
o H }K e. OqepK 3BeponpoMb11l11ieHHOCTH H ToproB.'JSl Me-
xaMH 8 KOJIbIMCKOM oKpyre. Tp. 51KYTCK. 3Kcn, HapSDK.
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Cn6, 1898, CTp. 91.
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B 60pb6e C 1:IeJIOBeKO'1 Me,n:Be,n:b caM 3Toro
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pacnpOCTpaHeHHbIU Ha CeBepe 06bIl1aM HHl\IaTa.
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nepBblll n'IaH He CTaBRJl».2
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011epe.n:.b Haxo.n:.HT CBoe 06HCHeHHe B .n:.PyroH ro
cYll.J.ecTBeHHoM 1IepTe.
Oc06eHHOCTb 3Ta -- npe06JIa.lI.aHHe KOHKpeTHO
06pa3HbIX rrpeAC1aBneHIIH
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l1TO Bce 3TH naMHTHI1KH nepB06bITHoro HCKYC-
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HHX B paBHoM Mepe xapaKTepHa }:KH3HeHIIO-
npaB.lI.HBaH nepel1.aqa q>OpMbl TeJI8 1i306pa}Kae-
MbIX }KIIBOTHbIX Ii fiX .lI.BH.>KeHIIH.
1 B. r. B 0 r ° p a 3. tIYKIlH, II. JI., 1939, CTp. 166.-
B. A. B a C H.a b e B. MerlBe1i{HH npa3.!I.RHK. COB. ;:)THorpa-
cpHH, 1948, N2 4, CTp. 84-85.
2 J1.. X H T P 08 O. OnHC8HHe )l(HraHcKoro y.nYC8. 3an.
CHC'i. OT.ll. pro f<H. I. -:>TlI. I. 1856, C1'p 66.
1 H. n. J1. b1 P e H K 0 8 8. llIopCKHii cpo.'IbKJIOp. JI.,
1940, CTp. XVII.
2 11. T. CaB e H K 0 B. K pa38e110tIHblM MaTepHa'aM no
apxeo.norHH cpel1Hero TeqeHliH EHHceSI, CTp. 54.
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1 11. T. C 8 B e H K 0 B, YK. COq., CTp. 54.
2 JI. JI e B H - E p 10 , b. CBepX'beCTeCTBeHHoe B nepso-
6blTHOM !>lbIlW1eHHU. M., 1937, CTp. 332.

304
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H III OT,J.e.,1., T. I, BbIll. 4, Cn6., 1853, CTp. 494.
2 r. M. B a C 11.'1 e B H tJ. YtJe6HHK :meHKHHCKoro (TYH-
rYCCKoro) fl3b1Ka. .D:JIH KypC.OB no nepeno.u.rOTOBKe YIlHTe-
J1eH 3BeHKHikKOH lllKOJIb1. M., 1934.
3 f. M. B a C H JI e B H Q. OllepK fpaMMaTHKH 3BeHKHH-
CKOfO (TYHryccKoro) H3b1Ka. JI., 1940, CTp. 171.
4 B. 11. M 0 x e JI b CO H. no peKaM S!caqHOH H KOpKO-
AOHY. Cn6., 1898, CTp. 33-34, 287-288.
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Tax Ha cBoe06pa3Hble 1:IepTbI npOll.eCca 0606w.e-
HliH y .1JIO,J.eH, 1KHBlIlHX B Y10BHHX nepB06blTHO-
,
oow.HHHoro CTpOH, Kor.n.a rOBOpH",TJ 0 rHoceO.!Joru-
1.J:eCKHX IICT01:lHUKaX cpH.!JOcocpcKoro H.lI.ea..'IH3fa n
,
peJIUrHH, a B CBH3H C 3TH:\I 0 nepBOObITHOM lfJI.ea-
.TJH3Me.
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OH nlIca.'1 no 3TOIY nOBo,J.Y: «11.il.ea.TIII3M nepBo-
6bITHbIM: 06w.ee (noHHTue, lIJI.eH) eCTb 0 T a e Jl b-
It 0 e C Y It{ e C T 8 O. 3TO Ka}KeTCH ,rr.HKHM, 1:IY,lJ:0-
BHl1I.HO (BepHee: pe6SIlleCKII) He.1enbl::\L Ho pa3Be
He B TOM }Ke pOJI.e (C08epweliliO B TOM LKe PO.l1.e)
COBpel\leHHbIH H.lI.ea.,'l1l3l\I, KaHT, fere.TJb, H.lle51
Gora? CTO.TIbI, CTYJIbH 11 uaeu CTo..la II cTy.1Ja;
AlHp H lI;r.eH MHpa (60r>; BellJ,b H "HYMeH", He-
n03HaBaeMaH "BellJ,b B ce6e" ; CBH3b 3eM.1JH n
,.- ,..
co..1JHI.J.a, npllpO)J.bI BOool1I.e - II 3aKOH, .'IorOC, oar.
Pa3,.'J.BoeHlle n03HaHHSI 1:Ie.l0BeKa II 803 UOJfCHOCTb
UJ1.eaJI1I3Ma (= peoilliflIH) a a Ii bt Y}Ke B n e p-
80 ii [] /t e .M e Ii Tap It 0 ii a6CTpaKI.J.UH (<<.rr.0l\1>
Bo06llJ,e II OT.n:e.lbHbIe .!lOMbI).
Do.rr.xo )"Ma (l1e.'IOBeKa) K OT.n.e.lbHoii BC'l1I.H,
CH5ITue C.TIenKa (= nOHHTIIH) C Hee He e C T b
npocToii, HenOCpeJ1.CTBeHHbIM, 3epKa..'IbHO- MepT-
BbIM aKT, a C.'IOLKHbIH, pa3.!1:BOeHHbIii, 31Ir3aro06-
..  
pa3Hblf:l, 8KJllOt{alOU{UU 8 ceOR B03MOLKHOCTb OT-
..leTa cpaHTa3HH OT )Im3HH; l\1a..l0 Toro: B03:\1O)K-
1 A. C1>. M II Jl. j{ e H  0 p <p. nYTemeCTBHe Ha Cesep II
BOCTOK CH6HPH, tJ. II, CTp. 82:5.
2 C. B. 51 C T P e M C K H H. fpaMMaTHKa HKYTcKoro H3b1Ka.
Yllne;J:fH3, At, 1938, CTp. 222.
3 A. E. K Y JI a K 0 B C K H H. 51KYTcKlIH H3bIK. C60pH.
TPYJJ.OB HCC-'1eJl.OsaTe.'lbCK. 06Il{. Caxa KecKII..le, Blin. 1,
5l.K)lTCK, \925, CTp. 73. - 3. K.. n e K ape K H H. C.'10Bapb
HKYTcKoro H3b1Ka, CT}). 3691, 3568. - Cpo .D:. B. D Y 6 P H x.
K np06.'1eMe 11306pa3HTeJIbHoi'( pellH. YIj. 3an. Kape.'1o.
cI>HHcKoro foc. YHUB., HCTOpHIl. II <PH.10JIOr. HaYKH, T. III,
B. I, 1948.
I B. H. JI e H H H. H.'lOco<pCKHe Terpa:I.U, 1936.
CTp. 281.
2 H. B. C T a.:I II H. MapKCH31 H BonpOCbl H3b1K03H3HHH.
fOCIl0.1HTu3;J:aT, 1950, CTp. 24.
39 UKna,!J,HHRoB A. TI.
HOCTb npeBpaw.eHWl (H npIiTO:\i He3a:\leTHOro, He-
OC03HaBaelOrO qe.:'lQBeKOM npeBpalll.eHH5!) a6-
CTpaKTHOrO nOlI HTlIH , H.'J.eH B C/JaHiQ3UIO (B no-
C.1Je,J.HeI Cl1eTe = 60ra). 1160 11 B ca:\IOM npo-
  u u  v
CTOi\J OOOOw.eHHH, B 3JIeleHTapHemllelI oomen
II.n,ee (<<CTO..l» Booome) e C l' b H3BecTHbli:i KVCO-
lIeK qJQHra311u. (I-Iao6opoT: He.1JenO OTplII.J.aTb
P0.-Ib cpaHTa311M II B ca\lOii cTporoii uaYKe: cpo
f1lIcapeB, 0 !\Iel1Te nO..'Je3HOii, I<:aK TO.'lLlKe K pa-
60TC. II 0 Mel1TaTeJlbHOCTlI nycToir) ».1
Oc06eHHocTb nepB06bITHOrO \lbIllI.'IeHHH 3a-
KJIlOl1a.llaCb, c.'1eOBaTe.:lbHO, HleHHO B TOM, l1TO
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cpaH1'aCTHl1eCKOrO cYIll.eCTBa.
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TaCTlIlleCIme o6pa3bl nepB06hlTlWIl pe.1HrIlH,
nepB06bITHOrO n:r,ea.1H3l\1a. 4el\I 60..1bIIIe pa3BII-
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,...
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}IbIlIl.TJ.eHHIO U uT He20 K npaKTUKe - TaKOB .n.ua-
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IWTopble OT,,'IlIl1aIOTCH OT cnrHa",10B nepBoro pH,J.a
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lbI l\IO>KeM nOHHTb He TOJIbKO KOpHH peaml3Ma
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Kue BHYTpeHHlle npHl1lIHbI, KOTOpbJe BbI3BaJIH
K )K1l3HII ;r.peBHlIll Ky.TIbT JIOCH, 3anel1aT",leHHbIII B
na:\IHTHHKax HCKYCCTBa JIeCHbJx' n.!Je:\'leH BceM JIec-
HOll 30HbI EBponbI Ii ceBepHOH A3I1H.
B CBeTe 3THX YKa3aHliM HaM CTaHOBIITCH no-
HRTHbIl\I TOT 4>aKT, 111'0 KOC:\IHLleCKlie HBJIeHIIH
OJIHUeTPOpeHbI 6bIJII1 Tora Hl\1eHHO B 06JIHKe
pea",'!bHoro :>KHBoro cyw.eCTBa, 1.J:TO ca:\la Bce.TJeH-
BaH npe.lI.CTas.ilHJ1JaCb B BIIJI.e }KHBOTHoro.
TIO,lJ,06HOC O."1I111.eTBOpeHlle 6bl.110 3aKOHOMep-
HblM no TOM npU1:I1IHe, 1.ITO YIl'I)" nepB06bITHoro
1 B. 11. ,,1 e H If H. Ji.10CO<PCKIi Terpa;J.H, CTp. 335-336.
2 TaM >Ke, CTp. 166.
3 U,. O. OpaB;J.a, 24 mOHf! 1950 r., J\'2 175.

306
Y".A.CTb II. :iIPHBAHRA.7IbE B HEO.:UITI1QECI-':OE BPE1U1
,
}"'1ABA VII. CEPOBCHIU'f 3TAJ1
307
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,-
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clloc06HOCTe-rr qe.rrOBeKa. B llepB06b1fHble JKC
BpeMeHa Tpy.rr.oBOM onbIT qeJIOBeKa H 3anac
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QTO BbIXO,n:H..YJO 3a npeileJIbl HcnOCpe;:I;CTBeHHoro
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C  e. I1CTopHH Emma, T. L....._1915, CTe: 56, pHC. 93.
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B CBeTe 3THorpaqnm». JI., 1936, CTp. 416.
3 11. JO. K p a 1J K 0 B C K H ll. reorpaqJHH Y apa60B AO
nepBb1x reorpaqJH'1eCKHX npoH3Be3eHHiL YqeHble 3anHCKH
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1949, CTp. 30. .' - . ' ,
4 A. A cp a Hac b e B. n03TIIQeCKlIe E033pCHlfH C.laBHH Ha
npHpo;xy, T. 1. M., 1866, CTp. 657.
1 TaM }Ke.
2 TaM :>Ke, CTp. 658.
3 TaM :>Ke, CTp. 660, 681.
4 TaM :>Ke, CTp. 660.
5 TaM :>Ke, ("Tp. 153.
6 TaM :>Ke.
7 TaM :>Ke.
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qeHCKOii 06.lIacrn Ha 1906 r., cTp. 32.
g.
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2 TaM :>Ke. CTp. 799.
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4 r. H. nOT a H H H, YK. COq., II, CTp. 153.
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BbIn. 1, 1948.
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1941. CTp. 273.
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B ropax ApleHHII. n., 1939. - B. A. M H X a H K 0 B a.
BUUIanbl. CoooU{. fAl1lvlK, N9 9llO, 1931,
CTp. 47-52.
2 At n. f p SI 3 HOB II E. P. ill H e H.l{ e p. .D:peBHHe
H3BaHHH MHU}"CUHCKIIX CTeneH. .M.aTep. no 3THorp a <pIIH,
T. I\, BbJn. 2, .rI., 1929, Cl'p. 63-90. - E.1H3KlIe K B:IUIa-
nay. 3aKaBKa3bH tlepTbI 0 rMe 1 1eHbI H B «O:IeUHbIX KaltiHHx»
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craTYH pblO - BIIllIanbI Ha KaBKa3e II B ceBepHoH .MOH-
romm. 3an. KO:I:IerHll BOCTOKOBe.J,OB, I, .rI., 1926,
CTp. 401-409.
3 Ca1O C060H pa3pfeeTCSI, 3.l{eCb HY2KHO IIIeTb B BHD.Y,
llTO pe..1Hr1lH .1eCHbIX OXUTHUKOB 3nOXH Heo.,'IIITa He MO>KeT
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CTBIITeJIbHOCTblO, B' npOTIiBOpeQll1l C OOII.tIiM 3anaCOM
peaJIbHblX npaKTIIQeCKHX 3HaHufi H CBH3aHIIDIX C HIIMH
HeH. 3TOT <paRT HY>KHO IIMeTb B Bli;J.Y. QTCOW He nOJIY-
tIHTh HCKa2KeHHOH aHaxpOHIICTJi1IecKOH KapTHHbI J'HTeJI.TTE'K-
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nHCKII JIfY, cepHH BOCTOKOBe.J.lJeCKHX HaYK. I. 1949,
CTp. 31.
2 TaM JKe.
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.1eHIIH B I.J.eJIOM elll.e He MOrJIO 6bITb H pe1:lH.
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310
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. #'!' ,..,
peHIIH Bce.1JeHHOII oopa3, 1:Ie:\1 00pa3 JIOCH.
I r. H. nOT a H H H, VI,. COli., CT p . 716.
2 .n -
« HKapb CO CBOHI l{eTCKHM JKUBbIM Bo06pa>R\HHeM,
OYXOTBOPHH r p 030Boe HBneHHe, npel{CTaBH ero B BH€
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CH6HpH H ceBepHOH MOHro.'lHH, II. )KypH. MHH. Hap.
npOCB., 11. CXCIX, Cn6., 4>eBpc1J!.b, 1882, CTp. 230).
3 A. M. I( aCT p e H. 0 3Ha1leHHH C.ilOB IOMa.'Ia H YKKO.
'1J. 3an. AKa.ll:. HaYK, T. I, Bbln. 4, Cn6_, 1853, CTp. 498-
.499. - A. M. K as t r en. Was bedeuten die Warter
Jumala und Ukko in der finnischen .\lythologie. Bull.
de la c1asse histor.-phiIol. de "Acad. imper. des Sci. de
St.-Petersbourg, 1853, X, N!! 217-219 If 220.
I ..\. .M. K aCT p e H. OVTemeCTBue no J1anJIaHllHH,
ceBepHOH POCCRH H CHOHP",. M., 1860, CTp. 129-130.
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CTOHT Ha nepBO'-\! :\IeCTe no CBOIBI pa3MepaM H
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2 TaM }J{e.
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up. 107.
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H TOproB.1H MexaMH B KOJIbIMCKOI oKpyre. Tp. 51KYTCK.
3Kcn., CHap5lJK. Ha cpe.aCTBa 11. M. CH6iipRKOBa, OTl1. lIT,
T. X, 1J. 3, M., 1898, CTp. 94.

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HpKYTCK, 1890, crp. 145-148. - f. H. nOT a H H H.
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o H JK e. BOCTOIIHbIe MOTHBbl B cpellHeBeKoBoM eBponeA-
CKOM' 3nace. M., 1899, CTp. 474-475. - A. n. 0 KJI a D..
H H K 0 B. OqepKH H3 HCTOpHH 3anallHhlX 6YPHT-MoHro.TIOB.
.TI.. 1937, CTp. 279.
2 f. H. nOTaSHH. OqepKH..., IV, CTp. 14fi.

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HHqbH KYJIbTbI, CBH3aHHbIe C 06pa30i\I - JIOC5I,
I r. H. nOT a E  H. BOCTO'4Hble. 'dQTHBbl..., c:rp. 476
o H jf{ e. TimrYTO-TH6eTCKaH OKpaUHa KuraS!, II, CTp. 249,
'r o
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2 CKa3aHUH 6YPHT.... CTp. 145.
3 TI. C. n a .1.TI a c. nYTeIlIeCTBue no pa3HhIM npOBHH-
I1HHM POCCHHCKoro rocy.rrapCTBa, tI. III, 1786, crp. 332.
4 H. r. f e 0 p r H. OnHcaHHe Bcex 06HT81Om:HX B POC-
cH:ikKO:M rocYAapCTBe Hap0;J.OB, 'lI. L 1777, CTp. 63.
5 H. n. K y 3 H e I! 0 B. npHpo.n:a H jf{HTe."III BOCTOqHOrO
CKJIOHa CeBe.pHoro Tpa.la. 113B. pro. T. XXIII, BbIn. VI,
1887. cms., 1888. CTp. 747.
6 r. H. nOT a H H H. BOCTOqHble MOTHBbI B cpen:HeBeKO-
BOM eBponeiicKOM moce. M., 1889, erp. 459, 474-476.
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OT :r;aHHbIX npe.lI.KOB BpeMeH aJI.il.:>Kllpa.
Y 3BeI-IKOB CKaJIbI - «6yra,1bI», T. e. B nepBYlO
011epeJ(b - nllcaHble CKaJIbI, IIMe.1H cOBepmeHHo
aHaJIOrlll1HOe 3Ha1:leHHe, I160 C HIIMH, no BepoBa-
HIIHM 3BeHKoB, CB5I3aHO ca:\lOe cymecTBoBaHHe
I<aLK.lI.Oro 3BeHKHMcKoro pOAa. Bce ero BaLKHeH-
IIIMe 06IIl.eCTBeHHbIe .lIMa, IIpa3HeCTBa H ny6JI1I1:I-
HbIM pOAOBOIi KYJIbT, OT KOToporo 3aBHCHT 6JIa-
rOnOJIY1:lHe Bcex CopOlI.H1:IeM, TaKMe ;:J:OJI}KHbl 6bIJIli
cOBeprnaTbC5I OKOJIO po.n.oBoro CB51TnJUlill,a, B KO-
TOp01\!, KaK :\lbI YBH,.':{IIM, CKpbIT cal\I 300MOpcpHbIM
npe.lI.OK-}KeHUmHa, a BMeCTe C TeM. H MIICTH1:IeCKHH
.ZI:BOMHlIK pO;Ia. 3 CKaJIa 6yra.l1.bI - IeCTo, oTKY.lI.a,
1 Pink 0 I i v e. Spirit ancestors in a northern Aranda
horde. Oceania, 1933, IV, CTp. 186. [UHT. no KHHre .neBH-
nplOJIH «CBepX"beCreCTBeHHQe B nepB06hITHOM YblmJIHHH»
(M.. 1937. CTp. 310-311)].
2 TaM jf{e. - He.:Jb3H He OTMeTHTb, KaK Y>Ke OTMeqa.10Cb
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OCHOBOH no.n:06Hble npe.rr.CTaB:leHfISI: 06pa3 3BepH 6LI.l
Yjf{e MaTepna."IH30BaH, OBemeCTBJIeH B Kal\fHe. OCTaBa.iIOCb
TO.TIbKO. HcnO.'Ib3YH rOTOBble qlopMbl, OKOHTypHTb HX, }'CH-
..lHTb. OCBe}I{JfTb. He C.TIYQ3HHO, nOBlItUIMG:.1Y, B pH,i1e MeCT
Ha6_TIIO.QaeTCH Hcno..lb30BaHHe .apeBHHMlI XYJ10jf{HHKaMH
COOTBeTCTBYIOm:HX 1I3flI60B II BbInYK.'IOCTeH caMOH CKa.iIbI,
nanOMHHalOnlnX CPOpMbI jf{lIBOrO Te.la.
3 AHa.1IOruqHble npe.J:CTaB.iIeHlIH 0 npOHCXO>K;J.eHHH pO.Qa
OT CBSlll.{eHHOH CKaJIbI MO}!{eT 6b1Tb llIHpOKO npOc.llejf{eHO
Y HapOJ{OB CH6upH. POll: .M.YJIlIHKa Y opOlleit CqlITaJI, tITO
OH npOH3011IeJ1 OT cKa.TJbl Ha p. MYJlHH, npHTOKe
p. TYMHuHa (H. A. JI 0 n a T H H. Op01:J:H - COP0;J,RqR
:\faHqjf{Yp. BeC'fH. MaHq*YPlIlI, N!! 8-10, Xap6HH, 1925,
CTp. 33).
OtIeHb HpKoe omlcaHHe KY..'IbTa cBHm:eHHoH CKaJIbJ. He-
COMHeHHO HMelOm:ero CBOH nCTOKH B K}'.1JbTe 6yra.n:bl-
CKaJIbI, ,naJI A. M. 30JIOTapeB B CBoeM HCCJIe.n:OBaHHH 06
YJIbQaX (A. 1\1. 3 O.;J 0 Tap e B. PO.J:CBOH CTpOH H pe..1HrHH
YJIbqeH. Xa6apoBcK, 1939, CTp. 94).
npemm 1lI0pl!eB, no HX B033peHHHM, {(BblllI"lH H3 rop»
(H. n. 11 hI P e H K 0 B a. 1lI0pCKHH CPo"lbKJIOp. M., 1941.
CTp. 432).
CIO.ZJ.a jf{e c--,e;r.yeT OTHeCTH 3anHcaHHYIO PallIHJ1-3MH-
HOM JIereHn:y 0 npOlICXOjf{,n:eHHH npeAKoR TlOpKCKHX H MOH-
rOJlbCKHX nJleMeH H3 3preHe-XoHa.
40.
1 A. BaM6epH. B. B. Pa.iJ..i10B, H. A. ApHCTOB llaBHO
Yjf{e OTMeqaJIH, tITO JIOCb, HJIH Mapa.'I, CqHTa.TICSI npe>K.il.e
TOTeMHhIM rrpe!l.KOM KhIprbl30B. 06 3TOM CBH1leTeJIbCTBYIOT
3THOHHMbl - Ha3BaHHH n.leMeH 6yry, 6arNllI. capbl-6arhIllI,
'1oH-6arb1lll, Kapa-6arb1lll, OT 6arblUl - «..lIOCb» (C. M.
A 6 paM 30 H. K ceMaHTHKe KHprH3CKlIX 3THOHHMOB. COB.
3THorpaqmH, -1946, N!! 3, CTp. 130-131).
2 C. M. A 6 paM 3 0 H. POjf{;r.eHHe H ileTCTBO KHprH3-
CKoro pe6eHKa. C6. MA3 AH CCCP, XII, 1949.
3 f. H. nOT a H II H. OqepKH..., IV, CTp. 264.
CJIe..1.0BaTeJIbHO, npOHCXO.il:IIT :r.a.HHbHI 3BeHKHH-
CKHM pO.lI..
AHaTJOrH1JHaH CB}\3b pO:AOBOH 06IIlHHbI H ee
KYJIbTOOOll }KH3HH C nHcaHbI:\1H CKaJIaI\.IIl, 6bIJIa
OTMel1eHa .lI.JIH JHmycHHcKIIX TlOpKOB-CKOTOBO,a,OB
eIIl.e KaCTpeHOM, nHCaBIIIIIM, LITO :\umYCIIHCKHe
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npa3.zI:HeCTB II pe.iJlIrH03HbIX 06pH)J.oB Y no;r.HO)KH5I
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HblX" .
1 A. M. K a s t r e n. Reiseberichte und Reisbriefe, II,
cTp. 318.

,H6
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:iKeHIIH 'Ioceii, OCTaBUIHeC5I or HeOJIHTH1:IeCKHX

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npeJJ.cTaB.llH'IH OXOTHIIKH KaMeHHoro BeKa, pa3bI.
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nOM. 2
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.n:.onoe. napHbIH xapaKTep 1I306paLKeHHH 3THX
)KHBOTHbIX Bo06Ill.e SIBJIHeTCH Tpa.n:.Hll.HOHHbIM II
06bIl1HbBI .!1,JISI nncaHHn, npHtJeM B pH,lte CJ1YllaeB
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IIlIIIIIKHHO ;r:Ba :IOCH npH 3TO1 H3D6pa}KeHbI B
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(Ha Ty6e), rJl,e C nOTIHOH OTlleTJIIiBOCTbIO H306pa-
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a .lI.eBYlliKH BaJKeHOK Y .TJ:onapen (X a p y 3 If H. PYCCKue
.'!OnapH, CTp. 383).
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l.U.HHbI nO;t.paJKa.IJH caMKaM .lI.HKOfO 0.1eHSI B nepHOll I'OHa.
Ouu «xopKa.1H» H n.TISlCKOH «npOCH.TIH on10;J.OTBOpSllOIIJ.YJO
ClUj'» (A. A. non 0 B. Y CTHoe COOOllJ,eHIle).
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TypbI H3 ypalIbcKHX TOP<PHHHKOB, COXpalUlBll1HMCH TOJIbKO
JIHll1b 6.1arOllapH KOHcepBHpYIOllJ,eMj' lleHCTBHlO rop<pa.
<1>HrypbI 3TH, HeCOMHeHHo, ,iJ,0.1JKHbI 6bI.1H ynoTpe6JIHTbCH
BO Bpe:\IH TaKHX JKe MafHqeClmX OX011IH1.IbHX 06pH.!I.oB,
KaK II onHcaHHbIe Bblll1e )BeHKHHCKHe 06pH.llbl cn. H.
:3 II H H f. Pe3HaH CKY'IbnTypa Ypa.1Ja. 113 HCTOpHH 3BepH-
Horo CTH.,]H. Tp. foc. I1CTOp. MY3eH, BbIn. X, M., 1940).
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.10rHlIeCIWH nOe3!I.Ke B .llO'IHHY p. .TIeHbI. .113B. BCOprO,
T. XLV, 1916, I1pKYTCK, 1917.
3 H. T. CaB e H K 0 B. 0 .npeBHHX naMHTBUKaX H306pa-
3HTe..1bHoro HCK}"CCTBa Ha EHIIcee (Ta(5JI. II, pHC. VI);
p.: ar.']axTHHcKHH PHCYHOK (Tao.']. VII, puc. 2), noTpo.

318
1:JACTb JI. llPHBAJ1RA.'bE B HEOvTJHTU1:IECHOE BPE:\-HI
r. I IABA VII. CEPOBCH1ifT 3TATI
319
.
BOp06beBCKllX nHCaHHll.aX B ORllHe JleH
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H 3}.(eCb HecO:MHeHHO Bblpa>KeHa O;UfHaKOBaSI
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II1HlliKHHO II Ha cpe.lI.HeM J1eHe, HanpHMep, Ha
CKaJIe B l.Jypy. JII060nbITHbIH nepe}KHTOK TaKoro
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:\IHHYCHHCKHX TIOpKOB-CKOTOBOOB. JI. A. KJIe-
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p. TlOfOM, CBHll!.eHHbIH YTec HHeM-Tac, T. e.
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TO XOpOlliO H CKOTY; ynaJIIi - 6bITb 6e.n:e, CKOT-
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B npHBe,[{eHHO:\1 [lpHMepe C nOJIHOM OT1:IeTJIH-
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IlIero po,[{OBoro KYJIbTa CBHIIJ.eHHbIx CKaJI, Haxo-
l(HBIIIerOCH B Hepa3pbIBHOH CBH311 C KYJIbTO
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.JIHIIIb pa3HHll.eM, l1TO BfeCTO ,J.HKHX 3.lI.eCb npe,!l-
CTa:BJIeHbI ,IT.OMamHHe }KIIBOTHble, a B:\-feCTO Ha-
CK8JIbHbIX PIICYHKOB nJIaCTHl1eCKHe, cKY1JbnTYP-
HbIe, ctmrypKH LKHBOTHbIX.
T aJITa-nu.eB 3TOT 06bfLJaM cOXpaHIIJICH, o.J.HaKo,
H B 60JIee apxaH1:IeCKOM <POp Me. ami JIemIT 113
Hl1MeHHoro TOJIOKHa cpHrypKH K03JIOB II :\lapaJI0B
H paCCTa'.BJIHIOT IIX B TaMre, YBepeHHbIe B' TONI,
liTO 3TH <PHrYPKII 6Y.J:YT O>KHB..o1eHbl AJITaeJI. 2
Ho 3TO .TOJIbKO O..1.Ha CTopOHa peJIHrH03HbIX
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.QpeBHero OXOTHlIl1bero KYJIbTa >KHBOTHbIX, llJIH,
,
BepHee, nepBaH 1:IaCTb ero OOpH,1HOCTIi.
lI.pyr85I cTopoHa HX npec..1Je.u.oBaJIa He CTOJIbKO
ll.€.Jlb BocnpOH3BOj:,CTBa H pa3l\fHO}KeHllH 3BepeM,
CKOJIbKO lIi\:1eJIa B OCHOBe CTpe:\-IJIeHJie 06eCneLJHTb
npH;\1YIO y,;::(al1Y OXOTHH1:IberO npO:\lbICJla \larIl1:le-
CKH)[JI cpe.rr.CTBa:\lU, KOJ1.lI.OBCKII;\1II 06pH.1a:\m.
M.aTepaJIbl A. <1>. AHRCH\10Ba II r. lV\.. Ba-
CIIoileB1I1:I, TaK Bblpa3l1Te.TIbHO OCBell.{alOll.{He .a.peB-
HIOIO pe.llllrHIO 3BeHKOB, .J;alOT Beeb He06xolI,H-
lIbIli :\-IaTeplIa.ll JIH nOHHMaHH5f II 3TOM CTOpOHbI
u
fiX BepOBaHHII.
lllIi.'IOBCK1In (Ta6_1_ II, pHC. XIX). - TaKHe )Ke cu.eHbI
HfeIOTCH B HaCKa.'1bHbIX H306paiKeHHHx apKTHtJecKoH
CKaH.J,HHaBMIJ (Graham C I ark. Scandinavian Rock-
engravinge. Antiquity. A. Qu.art Rev. of Archeology,
vol. XI, N!! 41, March, 1937, pI. IV, VII. - G. Hall s i-
f 6 m. .Monumental Art oi orthern Europe from the
Stone Age, I. The Nor\'egian Localities, Stockholm,
1938, CTp. 55, qmr. 22, 4, I; (Hr. 78, CTp. 341 H .J.p.).
1 H. H. K 0 3 b I H H, .II.. A. K..l e!\of e H 1.{. IkTOpHKO-
3THorpaqmtJecKHe HCC.'1e.:r.OBaHMH B 1\lHHycHHcJ{oM Kpae.
113B. BCOprO, T. XIV, ]916, I1pKYTcK, 1917, CTp. 37.
2.lJ:. K. 3 e _1 e H H H. Ta6y C.10B y Hap01J.OB BOCTOtJHOH
EBponbl II ceBepHOH A311M. C60pH. _J\1..A3, VIII, CTp. 46.
no CJ10BaM A. (». AHIIClnIOBa, nOTIe.n:HHlf aKT
06pH.lI.a IIlHHrK3JIaBYH HaqIlHaTICH TeM, 1:ITO
OXOTHHKM CHOBa llLITa B Taiiry II CTapaTeJIbHO
IICKaJIH TaM CJIe.n:bI 3BepeM. BCKope PYKOBOlI,Ii-
TeJIb rpy-nnbl -no,!taBaJI 3HaK, 1:ITO C.1Je.lI.bI HaMl{eHbI.
.QpyrlIe «Haxo.J:IIJIH> CBe)J{YIO noe;:r,b, :\-IeCTO >KH-
pOBKII 3BepeM, nOKa3bIBa.m1 3HaKa:\IIi, liTO BIIlI.HT
" u
CTa.lI.O, II C BeJIHl1alIIIIeli OCTOpOLKHOCTbIO nO.II:Kpa-
.J.bIBaJIIiCb K He:\.JY. DOn:OHJIH Ha paCCTOHHHe
BbICTpeJIa OTKpbIB3JIH no ;J.epeBHHHbDI cpHrypKaM
CTp€.J"1b6y H3 ..'lYKa. B 3aIWIOl1eHUe y6HBaJIli He-
CKOJIbKO .>I<:epTBeHHbIX OJIeHeM, BbIBeIIIHBaJIH HX
IIIKypbI Ha ..1'.JIHHHbIX lIleCTax B LKepTBY BepXOB-
HO:\'IY 60LKeCTBY - X03HIIHY Bceii Taiirn OKIIIOpH.
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TaKoM >Ke xapaKTep IIMeJIa 06pHJJ:HOCTb BeceH-
Hero npa3JJ:HHKa CbDfCKIIX 3B€HKOB, n.KOHllnKa,
onHcaHHoro r. M. BaCIIJIeBHl1. KaK YMe OTMel1a-
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,
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OJIeHeM B TetleHHe BOCbI\fH CYTOK.
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B:\leCTe C IlIaMaHO)I HeCYTCH no HanpaBJIeHllIO K
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3a 60}KeCTBeHHbIM oJleHeM, KOToporo OHII y6H-
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YKa3bIBaeT f. M. BaCH'IeBHl1 B .lI.pyroM MeCTe
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OCTabHWX CBOHX COpOH1:IeH H rJIyooKoe BJIII5I-
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3Toro OHa OKOJIO oqara paCCTaBJIHJIa HeOO..1JbIIIOH
KOBpliK H3 KO}KH JIOCH, Ha Hero nOCTaBHJIa
6epeCToBYIO Kpyr.nylO Kop06KY, Ha Kop06KY
6ypxaHoB H nepe.J: HHMH B MaeHbKoM )J{eCTHHOH
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3TOH Hao6HOCTH Y Hee xpaHHnlICb B oco60M
MeIIIKe B 60ol'IbmOM KOJIHl1eCTBe. llOTOM OHa 33-
KypliJIa TPy6KY H nOJIO}KllJIa Ha Kop06KY K 6yp-
xaHaM. Ta.K HY}KHO :\-iOJIHTbCH nepe.lI. OTnpaBne-
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YMepIIJ.B.lIeHHe, fM6eJIb ero, a 3aTeM B HeKOTopbIX
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ll.J.HMII TOp}KeCTBeHHbIMH noxopOHaMIi KocTeM H
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v na.,leOa3IIa'fOB npeKpaCHO 06pHCOBaHbl B pH.lI. e
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BepHO HaMeTHJI II rJIaBHYIO TeHJJ:eHll.HIO ero pa3-
BHTHH OT MHO>KeCTBeHHOCTH 06'beKTOB KYJIbTa
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BoopY}KeHHbIX .rrYKOM. He MeHee ilHTepecHbl C
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06l1HO y6HBalOT JIOCH, HJIH caMbIlr pe3Y.:lbT3T
3Toro aKTa. TaK, HanpH:\olep, Ha 3a:\fe1:l8Te,,'1bHO:\1
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KOMn03Hl1.1I1I C .lI.BYMH 60JIbIIIHMII <pllrypaJIH coxa-
TbIX, H306paiKeHa eIll.e II TpeTbH cpllrypa JIOCH,
MeHbIIlHX pa3MepoB. OHa nepeCel1eHa nocepe;f.HHe
BepTIIKaJIbHOH nO.iIOcoM, HaHeceHHoM TOll )J{e
KpacHoM KpacKoM, KOTopoM BbITIO,,'IHeHbl Bce H30-
6paLKeHIIH . nHCaHIill.bl, II, Heco:\IHeHHo, 03HaQalO-
IIl.eM Konbe IIJIII CTp€.J1Y, KOTOpOll nOpa}KeHO Ha-
cMepTb LKIiBOTHoe.
3TOT YCJIOBHbIH npue:\-I :\larlll1eCKOrO nopaLKe-
HHH }KHBOTHbIX, KCTaTII, XOpOIIlO npe,lI.CTaBJIeH H
B H'3.CKaJIbHbIX H306pa)KeHIISIX KapeJIIIII. Do Ha-
6JII02I:eHHHM A. .Nt J1HHeBcKoro, Ha 3TIIX neTpo-
rJIII<pax: «OlJeHII Ii .,lOCII 11306paLKeHbI paHeHbIMH
7 pa3; y OJJ:Horo OJIeHH npoTKHYT8 n:pOTHKO:\1
meH, .lI.anee ca:\lell. II ca:\oIKa-OJIeHb (6bITb MO}KeT,
JIOCH) paHeHbI .B cnHHbI, Ji3 - KOTOpbIX TopqaT
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. 113 KOTOpo-n 'TOp1:lHT 06JIOMOK .J.pOTIiKa. HaKOHell.,
:\-IbI BH.lI.lli\'I, 1:ITO 113 HorH KaKorO-TO LKIiBOTHoro
(MO}KeT, 6bITb, OJ1eHH) TOpqHT KaK _ 6Y.lI.TO
cTpeJIa. KpOMe Toro, O.lI.Ha OJIeHbH ca:\olKa H30-
6pa>KeHa C KaKoM-To nOJIOCKOIO, CO€-JI.IIHHIOIIl.elO
ee Horll, HBJIHIOll!.YIOCH, 6bITb MO}KeT, TO>Ke
qaCTblO KaKorO-TO OXOTHlIl1berO 0pY.II.IIH».2
Ell!.e 60JIee nOKa3aTeJIeH B 3TOM OTHOIIIeHHH
O.lI.llH J.J.OBOJIbHO KpynHbIM PIiCYHOK, HaM.lI.eHHbIH B
1944 r. Ha CKaJIe JIeBOro 6epera p. JleHbI BbIJIle
1 B. r. Eo r 0 p a 3. M.H«p 06 YMHpalOmeM II BocKpe-
calOIUeM 3Bepe. XYJJ.OiK. (}>OJIbKJIOp. BHn. I, 1926; 0 HiKe.
. OCHOBHble THnM CPOJIbK.i10pa ceBepHOH EBpa3I1I1 II CCBep-
HOll AMepHKH. COB. «pOJIbKJIOp, 4-5, M.-JI., 1938;
o HiKe. XpHCTHaHCTBO B CBeTe 3THorpa!fJHH. M.-JI.,
1928.. . -
2 A. .M. JI J{ H e B C K II H. K Bonpocy 0 neTporJIJ1«pax
KapeJllfH. C60pH. .rIOI1K4>AH, I, .rl.. 1929, CTp. 62. .
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1 M. A. "Tr 0 n a T II H. JIeTo cpe,ltIl opOtJell II ro.'1b.J.OB.
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CTp. 8.
2 H. E y.'1 bl II e,B. KaMeHb-nHcaHeu. 3an. YpaJIbCK.,
o6I1t. JlIOOHT. eCTeCTB03HaHHSI, T. III, Bbln. I. 1874, CTp. 2.
3 G m e I i n. Reise durch Sibirien, Th. II, CTp. 508-
509. - B. C e p 0 III e B C K II H. SIKyrbl. CTp. 647-648.
-I B. M. 11 0 HOB. Ope.l no BG3:3peHHSIf HKVTon C60pH.
MAS, XVI, 1913, cTp. 4, 15. -
41 OHJIB.qHHt(OB ..\. fl.
ma:'IaHKa oOpOJIaCb C YXOM ocnbI H nOCJIe no-
6e.J,w Ha.a Hell Ha1:lepTana Ha CKaJIe OKOJIO
TaHOH-ApblbI Y}Ke H3BeCTHbIe HaM H306pa}KeHHH
J(BYX ..10ceH. COrJIaCHO O!lHOMY BapHaHTY npe.lI. a -
HHH, OHa HapHCOBaJIa HX KpOBbIO MH3HHlI.a, a no
.iI.PyrOMY - MeHcTpyaJIbHOH KpOBbIO. 1
ry601IaHIlIHH apxaH3M 3Toro npe.n.aHHH 06Ha-
PY}KHBaeTCH Jl.a}Ke He B 06'bHCHeHHH Toro. KaK
HMeHHO, H no KaKOMY CJ1YlIaIO npOH30IUeJI .n.aH-
HbIH PHCYHOK (3.n.ecb, HeCO:MHeHHO, HMeJla MeCTO
Y}Ke npOCTaH 3aMeHa CTaporo, .l1.aBHO YTpalIeH-
Horo, CIO}KeTa HOBbIM), a B TOf, 1JTO PHCYHOK,
COrJIaCHO JIereHlI.e, HaHeCJIa }K e H l.l.t. II H 3-lliaMaH-
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MeCTO npHHa.J,..leLKaJIO }KeHII.J.HHe. He JleHee Ba}KHO
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OCKBepHHeTCH OlI.Hll::\1 TOJIbKO npMKOCHOBeHHeM K
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l1eCKHM PHCYHOK, 06ecnel1HBaIOI.I..J.UH 6JIaro.n:eHcT-
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J.pyroH, - «HeHCTOTa» H «CKBepHa».
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pe1:lHH HeT, H60 «Hel1IlCToe» Ha CMOM .u.eJIe.B
nepBOH8"lfaJIbHO:\1 nOHUMaHllH ecTb TOJIbKO HeTO
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OC060fO CBepXDeCTecTBeHHoro, peRlirII03HO-MarH-
t;eCKoro 3HalIeHHH, nOTO"MY H:\oIeHHO H orpa:>K.lI.eH-
Hoe 3anpeTa::\1H Be.1IHQaHIIIeif CHJlbl H CTporocrn OT
KaKHX-J1H60 KOmYHCTBeHHbIX conpHKOCHOBeHHll C
06bI.J.eHHbIMIi 3eMHbIMII BeI.I..J.aMH. ECJJH KpOSb
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 .
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paHr, 1:ITo6bI y6IITb Bpara, OH OTKpbIBaeT BeHY Ha
,UeTopO.lI.HO:\1 lI.1IeHe H co6HpaeT KpOBb. :3 ry
.. 
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3TOH CMeCbIO nOJIOCbI Ha CBoeM 6YMepaHre. CTOHT
TOJIbKO TaKOIY KOJI!lOBCKOMY 0pY}KHJO npH-
KOCHYTbCH K Bpary, KaK OH 06peQeH Ha CMepTb.
C .n.pyroR CTOpOHbl, eCJIH 3TOH KpOBbIO HapHCO-
BaTb Ha IIJ.IITe .lI.Be nepeKpemHBaIOll1.HXCH nOJIOCbI,
TO 3TO ..rr.aeT BepHYIO 3aI.I..J.II-ry. A1Y)Kl1HHa, .!lep}Ka-
lilHit no,n.o6 HblR Ill.HT, HeYH3BHM». 3
I r. B. K C e H 0  0 H T 0 B. I1306pa>KeHHSI Ha CKaJI3X
peKH JleHbl B npe.ae.!l.ax SIKYTCKOro oKpyra. 5ypSl mene,Ie-
Hl1e, N!! 3-4, 1927, CTp. 69.
2 JI. SI. III T e p Hoe p f. nepBo6bITHaSl pe.'1HrHH B cnere
3THorpa4>HH. JI., 1936, CTp. 296, 304.
3 G. H 0 r n e and G. Ai s ton. Savage life in Austra-
lia. 1919, cT}). 129-130.-LI.HT. no: JIeBH-EpiOJlb.
CBepX'becTecTBeHIIOe B n(,pBo6bITHC lblUl.leHHn. M.,
1937. np. 213.

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tlO1 )'lblW.1eHHH. _'t, 1937, CTp. 211, 213.
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CTp. 145-151. - B TeKCTe 3anHCH OmapoBa XocfI.a:aM
H306pa>KaeTCfI iY)KqHHOfi, HO MaTepna.1bl ):t. H. AHY-
lllfHa flCHO nOKa3bIBalOT ee H8CTOfll1I.YIO )KeHCKYIO npli-
po.a:y.
2 11. T. CaB e H K 0 B. K pa3Be.n.OllHblM MaTepHaJIaM,
CTp. 92; 0 H >K e. 0 .a:peBHHx naMflTHHKax H306pa3HTe.'Ib-
Horo HCK)'ccTBa Ha EHHcee, CTp. 102.
CY.lI.H no BHJJ.Y 3TllX mITeH, HaJIeraIOII.J.IIX Apyr
Ha .n.pyra, TaKaH paCKpaCKa He 6bJ.TIa npOIl3I3e-
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HO B Te1JeHIfe l1.JIHTeJIbHOrO BpeMeHH. -
llo:n06HbIe nHTHa KpaCHOM KpaCKIi HaOmO,!I.a-
lHCb H B JI.pyrHx MeCTax Cpe.ltHeH JIeHbI, HanpH-
Mep Ha OT.lI.eJIbHbIX CKaJIaX no peqKe BeCTHX
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I .rI e B H - fi P 10.11 b, YK. COll., cTp. 404-406.
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TeJIbHbIe naMHTHHKM HeO.JIHTHtIeCKOrO HCKYCCTB3.
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410pMe npaBH."lJbHO nOllMe1JeHbl 6bl.111 If Mapce.TleM EOllY3-
HO\1 [Marsel B a u do in. L'elan astronomique, totemique
et folklorique. La Nature, .N2 29i7 (OT 15 HOSl6pSl 1933 f.,
Clp. 437-439)].
I''AB.\ VII. CEPOBCHHH 3T:\n
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CKa.J1bHblX H300pa:>KeHHH.X HQKJlIOqnTeJIbRO HRTe-
peCHbI H Ba}KHbI HMeHHO nOTOIY, l1TO .lI.aIOT B03-
IO}KHOCTb KOHCTaTHpOBaTb 3}I,eCb 3JIeMeHTbI
CTOJIb Il1HpOKO pacnpOCTpaHeHHoro B ne.zr.aBHe:\f
3THorpacpHtJeCKO1 npOWJIo:\1 KY.TJbTa :\Ie.lI.Be_1H II
I CI\I. HOBeHWYIO CB03,KY 0 l\felJ.Be>KbeM npa3!1.HHKe:
n. A. B a C H."7. b e B. MeJJ.Beif<HH npa3HIfg. COQ. nflorpa-
c}JIfSl, 1948, N2 4, CTp. 78-104.
J cI>. :3 Ii r e .1 b C. l1Ha.TIeKTHKa If eCTeCTB03HaHIfe. -
. K. M. a p K C If cI>. :3 H r e.'I b C, C01J., T. XIV, CTp. 406.

326
ttACTh II. nPHSAfIRA}IbE B HEO.1HTH\lECHOE BPEMH
f.l1ABA VII. CEPOBCHHfI 3TAn
32i
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COnpOBO>K:.21aeMbIe onpe.lI.eJIeHHOM 06pH.lI.HOCTblO,
y}!'{e CYII.J.eCTBOBaJIH B HeOJIHTe CH6HPH, Ha1JHHaSI
C cepOBCKoro 3Tana, eCJIIi He paHee. 06PH)J.-
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ceMl1ac HeOJIIITH1JeCKHX H306pa}KeHHM Me.lI.Be.lI.H
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C 11JIHMa 3aMe1JaTeJIbHa B 3TOM nnaHe TeM, qTO
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B 1I. eJI O!\L
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no :\IY}KCKOII.
B rOJIb.lI.CKOH JIereH.lI.e, 3arrHcaHHoi\
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KaK }KeHIl1HHa npH}KMJla C :\fe.n:Be.lI.eM ,lI,eTeH, BO
BceM ilOX01KHX Ha 1Je..'lOBeKa. Kor,rr.a ,aeTH BbI
pOCJIH, :\laTb CKa3aJIa HM, 1:ITO OHa CHOBa YXO;I.HT
K Me.lI.BeJJ.lO, II npe.IT.yrrpe.lI.MJIa HX, l1T06bI OHM TpH
ro.n.a He CTpe.nH.n.H B le.n.BeJI.5i: «CMOTpHl'e, Tpll
I A. n. 0 f{ JI a .J. H H K 0 B. nHcaliHUbI OKOlO noce.!JKa
CBHpCKoro H3 AHrape. KCIU1MK, XIV, 1947.
2 C. B. H D a HOB. M.elJ.Beil.b B HCKYCCTBe HapO.!J,Hocrefi
A:Mypa. CoopH. naMHTH B. f. Eoropa3a, JI.., 1937, CTp. 5.
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:\fe.!I..Be.!I..H KaK 0Y1I.TO HeT npHMbIX YKa3aHIIM Ha
ero TOTeMH1JeCKHe iKOpHH H CBH3b C 3nOXOH MaTe-
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II.I1H A. H. MaCJIHHKOBa, HanpH1ep, B ll.eHTpe
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Be.n;b, CJIe.n;oBaTeJIbHO, H306pa>KaeTCH .3.aeCb He
B CBoeM c06CTBeHHOM 06pa3e 3BepH, a B BM1J.e
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aprYMeHTH poBaHHOH BbIlIIe KOHKpeTHbIMH cpaK-
1 11. SI. III T e p H 6 e p r. fHJISlKH, OpO'lH, rOJIblJ.bI, HerH-
lJ.a.TIbUN, aHHhI. Xa6apoBcK, 1933, crp. 502-503.-
Cpo aHa.'IOrH'lHbIe YJIbtICKHe JIereHlJ.bI: A. M. 30 J1 0 T a-
p e B. POlJ.OBOH cTpoA H pe.TJHrHSi YlbtIefi. Xa6apoBcK,
1939. crp. 177-186.
2 A. A. II 0 n 0 B. OXOTa H pbI60.TJOBCTBO Y .u.O.TJraH.
C60pH. naMSITH B. f. Eoropa3a, JI., 1937, CTp. 202.-
N.. D Y r e n .k 0 v a. Bear worship among the Turkish
Tnbes of SIberia. XXIII Internal. Congress of America-
nists, N.-Y., 1930, CTp. 437.
3 E. A. B a C H JI beD, YK. COlI., CTp. 81.
." Kon.TJ. foc. MY3eH 3THorpacpHH (JIeHHHrpalJ.),
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I<TO KYJIbT JIOCH H KYJIbT Me!lBeJI.H B HIIX 1J.OJILKHbI
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II. 3a.n;aBMJI ero Ha cepe.n;IIHe nYTH. "BepTyK"
.iJOCHHbIM OCTaJICH BJIeBO B03.TJe TponbI "TOKII
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BpeMS!. TIOTOM Ie.n.Be.1b YIIIeJI Ha 3arra.n. Y}Ke
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..
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c.IT.eJlaJI .lI.Beb l
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HeHHO OTpa>KalOmero BepoBaHHH OT,1I,aJIeHHbIX
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'pHoe 60}KeCTBeHHoe CYl.ll.eCTBO, a 3-Bepb t Me.lI.Be.nb. 2
I E. H. T II T 0 B. Hel\OTOphIe lJ.aHHble no K}'llbTY Iek
€..1S1 Y HH}I{HaHrapcKHx TYHrycoB KOH.lI.OnipcKoro pO.J,a
(EaprY3HHcKHH oKpyr ceBepO-3analJ.HorO 3a6afiKaJIbst).
C1I6. )KHBaSi CTapHHa, 9THorp. C60pH., I, H3!I.. BCOprO,
11 PKYTCK, 1923, CTp. 96.
2 POJIb I\1eJI.Be,D.SI KaK 3Bepsr-oxoTHHKa 01leHb SlpKO BbIpa-
}l{eHa H B ryHrYCCKHX r.fHax (r. 1\1. B a en.'! e B H tJ.
j\1.aTepHa.TJbI no 9BeHKHiicKOMY (TYHrYCCKOIV) cpOJIbKlIOPY.
.n., 1937, CTp. 16, 27). .
C.lIe.a:YeT oc060 OTMenITb, qTO y crenHbIX n.!leleH Tome
JiMelOTCSI npe1l.CTaB.'leHHH _ 0 3Bepe-OXOTHHKe, npeCJIe.u.Ylo-
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HanpHMep, C03Be3.l1.He EOJIbUIaSi MelJ.BelJ.Hn3 Ha3bIBaeTCH
y Ka33XOB J!.meTbI KapaK'lH. TaKoe Ha3BaHHe 06"bstCHHeTCH
npe,!{alIHeM, paCCKa3bIBaIOInHM, 'lTO 3Be3.ltbl 3m npe.ltCTaB-
.TIHIOT c060fi ceMb BO.:IKOB, KOTopNe rOHSlTCfl 3a y6eralO-
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J<HprU3-Ka3a'lbHX .'IH KHpflI3-KaHcanKlix Op.ll. H cTeneH,
.1. III, CII6., 183_, CTp. 147).
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1:IHTh, HaHTH KaKoro-HH6YlI.b...
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caMbIe CHJIbHbIe }KepTBeHHHK nOMep}KHBaJIM. Ha
O.nHOH nOJIOBHHe .lI.eCHTb BOHHOB 60raTWpeH cpe)l-
HMX II Ha .lI.pyroii cTopoHe .lI.ecHTb ooraTbIpmueK
Cpe.lI.HHx. BoeHHbIe BO}K.lI.II cppaTpHH .n.Boe: Ha
 
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O.lI.HOMY. D.Boe 60raTbIpeii (BoeHHbIe BO}KAH cppaT-
pHH) Bnepe.n. HaBCTpe1JY APyr .n.pyry n06e}KaJIH,
OCTaJIbFlble 60raTbIpHlIIKM n03a.lI.M IIX rycbKoM no-
6e}KaJIH. ApKaHbI peMeHHbIe. KaK pa3 nOpBaJIIf,
nOKpbll1IKy KO>KaHYlO OT qYMa KaK pa3 nocpe-
.lI.HHe nopBa.TJII. TIopBaB nOKpbIIIIKY M peMHH, CBII-
..
Tble B .ll.eCHTb, Ka}K.nbIH CJIOBHO BepeBKY CKPYTliJIH.
TIOTOM Me}K.lI.Y c060A CXBaTHJIMCb. Bar.lI.aJIb 6bIJI
I A. cI>. A H H C H :\[ 0 B. Po.n:oBoe 06IneCTBO meJII(cB
(TYHrycoB). .rI.. 1936, crp. 167.

328
qACTb U. nPRBARK.>\..'lbE B HEOmITW-IECKOE BPEMR
r.iJABA VII. CEPOBCRHfl STAn
329
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nJIeMeHII, 6bIJIII HX Boo6pa}KaeMbDUI nOKpoBHTe-
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Boo6paLKae1Oe Y1:lacTHe caMIiX 3BepeH TOTeIOB
B 3TOll 60pb6e. 2
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nTJeMeHH C cY.il.b6aMH Il.e.TJOM BCeJIeHHOH H KaK
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BCeJIeHHoM. 3TO 6bW, c.TIe;(OBaTeTJbHO, xopomo

3HaKO:\lbIlI BceM HCCJIe.rr.OBaTe.TJHM HCTOpHlI PeJIII-
nm cTapbIH, .nyaJIHCTHl1eC;KHlf CIO)KeT 0 (5opb6e
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mH3HH II c::\lepTH, CBeTJIOrO II Te::\IHoro Hal1a..'1a,

HO !)KpameHHbIH 3,necb CypOBbIM Ii .lI.HKH:\I KO.TJO-
pHTO::\f nepB06bITHOH OXoTHHl1beM }KH3HH 06HTa-
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CBH3aHHble C Ka}K..10H H3 60PlOIUHXCH CTOpOH.
I TaM JKe, CTp. 167-177.
2 0 .ltyanbHofi opraHH3al.(HH Ii CB5I3aHHblX C Hefi 06p5l-
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PO.ltoBofi CTpofi II pe.,llfrHSI ym.qefi. Xa6apoBcK, 1939,
CTp. 135--139, 143--149.
3 Cpo onIlcaHHe aHa.'IOflllIHOro copeBHoBaHHSI .ltBYX 3K30-
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Ky.u.aii:; JI.pyroH, }KHBYllI.HH Ha 3eMJIe B Jlecy (T. e.
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1 A. $. A H H C H M () B, YK. C.O\l., c-rp. 179.
2 r. M.. B a C If JI e B If q. 3BeIIKHficKO-PYCCKHfi (TYHfVC-
clw-PycCI<ldi) )lHaJIeKTIIqeCKIfH c.10Bapb. JI., 1934,
CTp. 128: 0 H a lK e. 3BeHIrnficKo-pYCCKHfi (TYHryccKo-PYC-
CKIfH) c,10Bapb. M., 1940, CTp. 80. - H. X a p Y 3 H JI.
i\1e;J.BelKbSI npHC5Ira II TOTe}IHCTIflleCKaH OCHOBa KYlbra
Me.n;Be.lX.H y OCTSII<OB II Bory.'10B. 9THorp. 0603peHlle, 1\"2 4,
1898. - f. H. IT 0 T a H Ii H. fpO}IOBHIIK no nOBepb5lM
IOlKHOfi CH6Hpii n CeBepHoH M.OHro.1HH. )KypH. l\'\HH. Hap
npOCB., HHBapb, 1882.
3 f. H. IT 0 T a H II H, TaM JKe.
4 Cp., nanpHMep, onHcaHHe MaHrCOB B }IOHrO.'1bCKOM
:Hloce: E. SI. B 11 a .It H M H P u e B. MOHrono-ofipaTCKHfi
repOHqecKHA 9noc, 1923, crp. 69 II .ltp.
I f. H. IT 0 T a H II H. OllepKII CeBepo-3ana.n.Hofi 1oHro-
:!lUI, IV, C1"p. 192.
2 r. M. B a C H ."'1 e B H q. 3BeHKuifcKO-PVCCKlliI c.:J.)8apb.
1934, CTp. 5; H3t... 1940 r., crp. 120. .
3 E. A. B a C If.'1 be B, YK. COll., CTp. 81.
4 11. C. IT 0.1 51 K 0 B. ITuCb}la II OTlleTbl 0 nYTelIJeCTBIfHX
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.\'1 2. CTr. (4).
:; Tnl lKe.
G r. H. IT 0 T a H If H, YK. COq., CTp. 77
42 l!1;."IaHlIIOB A. n.
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a .TJeTO:\1 nO:lHIDlaeTCH Ha He60. l/lecTo ero
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I Ta;\! )l{e, CTp. 19.

330
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nO.ZJ.3eMeJIbe. S
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npOH30IllJIO pa311BoeHMe O)].Horo 06pa38 Ha -:IBa.
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42*
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.
r.'1ABA VII. CEPOBCHHFI 3TAn
331
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I E. A. B a C H .11 b e B, YK. COli., CTp. 88.

332
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II-III, CTp. 276. .
2 S tell e r. Beschreibung vom Lande Kamtsehatka,
erp. 43.
3 CM. HanpHep: E. H. r 0 po .n. K 0 B. nOe3.D.Ka I{ ea-
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lJeM. MO./KeT OblTb, pblOK2 3Ta CJIy1KH_la npHlaHKO" ..1:.'1H
pblObl. - CM.: S e n ec a In d i a n s. Home Life and
Culture. Pennsilvania, 1944, CTp. 107.
3 C. B. 51 C T P e M C K n if. Oopa3ubI HapOl{HOH .1JHTepa-
TYPbl HK)'TOB. JI.. 1925, CTp. 16, 53.
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H CBH3aHbI 6bJJIH C nOHHTHeM 0 BXO.lI.e B HH.>K.HHM
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6pa>Ka1OTCH B 0pa3e HHyco06pa3Horo ObIKa C
;(BYMH rOlIOBaMH Ha O.lI.HO:\I TYJIOBIIIll.e, CMOTPH-
Il.J;HMH B pa3Hbie CTOpOHbI (pHC. 97). I1Hof.l1.a
;I.,ByxrOJIOBhIM OblK 3aMeHHeTCH 3Jt.eCb HHyco06pa3-
HblM JIbBOM MJIH Jt.BYMH aHTIITeTH40CKH pacnoJIo-
)KeHHbIMII oc.naMH. LJ:BYMH JItlIItaMH oOJIa.u.aeT
B .lI:peBHeerHneTCKoH peJIHrllM «C03)I.aTeJIb ooroB,
.n.alOlll.HM >KepTBbI 06HTaTeJInM npeHcnO.l1.Hell Ha
3ana.l1.e He6a. BOCTOQHbIH: KOPMqHH, 06JIa.ll.aTeJIb
OOo.HX JIHl(, oJIaro.u;apH JIyqaM KOToporo BHJt.HT».2
3TO .l1.BYJ1HKOe cyIl(ecTBo OBH3auo C nOHHTHeM
o pO>K)I.eHHH ooroB H B npBYlO O'IepeAb, ,lJ;OJl>KHO
OblTb, 60ra COJIHu.a. )J.BYJIlIKHM HBJlHeTCH Y erHn-
TSIH II He6ecHblH: nepeB03qH.K, KOTOpbIM rrepeB03HT
po;.r:HTe..leH. ,,1. 51. lllTepHoepr oc060 OTMeQae1', liTO K)'JIbT
6.'IH3HenOB CBH3aH C BO.r.r:HOH CTHXHeH, «C BO.i1.IIbIM 3JIeMeH-
TOM», KaK OH Bblpa:>KaeTCH (JI. 51. III T e p H 6 e p r. AHTHII-
HblH KY"'IbT o..'IH3HenOB B CBeTe 3THOrpa<pHH. C60pH. MAB,
III, 1916. - CM. TalOKe: JI. 51. III T e p Hoe p r. nepBOOblT-
HaSI pe.nHrHSl B CBere 31'HOrpaq>HH. .H., 1936, eTp. 73-110).
I A. A. non 0 B. .MaTepHajlbI no P0jJ,OBOMY CTpOJO
.;r.C_'IraH. COB. 3THorpa<pHH, 1934, N!! 6, CTp. 125.
2 11. f. JI H B III H 1.(. BpeMH - npoCTpaHCTBo -B erHneT-
CKOH Hepor.IJH<pHKe. JI., 1935, CTp. 237-241.

334
q.\CTb ll. llPI1.BAHKAJIbE B HEO.rUiTWIECKOE BPEMH
rJIABA VII. CEPOBCRHH 31'All
335
Y:\fepIIIHX Ha BOCTOIIHYIO CTOpoHY He6a. 3.l(ecb
HarJIHlI.HO BbIpa}KeHa lfl{eSJ 0 ,IT,BYX MHpax CeJIeH-
HOM, C KOTOpOH CBH3aHO H KOHKpeTHo-06pa3Hoe
IIl!e.u.CTaB.ileHHe 0 }K1f3HII II CMepTH, KaK nepexo.u.e
H3 O.lI.HOro MHpa B lI.PyrOM. MeCTO >Ke 3THX CY-
II..J.eCTB TaM }Ke, r.n;e HaXO.lI.HTCH .il.ByxrOJIOBble
l1Y.lI.OBHII.J.HbIe pbI6bI cH6HpCKoro I1IaMaHH3Ma -
..
npH 'Bxo.u.e B HH}KHHH MHP, Ha ropH30HTe.
He MeHee IfHTepeceH H TOT cpaKT, lITO 113JII06--
JIeHHblM 06'beKToM HeOJIIiTHlleCKIIX CKYJIbnTOpOB
H3 Bcex BH.lI.OB PbI6, H3CeJIHIOII.J.HX cH6HpCKHe
BO.noeMbI, CJlYJKHJI HaJIHM HJIH oqeHb 6JIlf3KaH K
HeMY no q,opMe - IIlIfPOKOJI06Ka (6bI1l0K). <f>aKT
3TOT HaXOAHT npe>KlI.e Bcero CBoe 06nHCHeHHe B
TOM, llTO HaJIHM Boo6I.U.e 3aHHMaeT BH.lI.HOe MeCTO
B maMaHCKOM KYJIbTe H MHct>ax Y pHJ(a nJIe;\leH
CH6HPH, KaK CYI.U.eCTBO, HaXOJJ.HII.J.eeCH B 6JIH3KO1
OTHOIIIeHHH K HH}KHeMY MHPY Hero 06HTaTeJIH:\I.
ITOBOA K 3TOMY, BepOHTHo, AaJIH o6mHM 6e306pa3-
HbIH BHlI. HaJIHMa C ero rH6KHM, nOllTH 3MeeBH.lI.-
.. ...
HbIM TYJIOBHrneM H orpOMHOH MOp.lI.OH, npllBbIllKa
ero npHTaThCH B paCIIJ,e.1IIiHaX If Hopax, a TaK}Ke
TeMHbIH Il.BeT HJIH IIHTHHCTaH paCll.BeTKa aTOH
pbI6bI. TIOCJIe.lI.HHH, KaK 113 BeCTHo, BcerAa CBH3bI-
BaeTCH B rJIa3aX IIIaMaHHCTOB C MHpoM 3JIbIX
.n.YXOB H 60rOB HII}KHerO MHpa, C npeHCnOlI.HeM.
ITo ,rr,aHHbIM B. H. BaCIiJIbeBa, H306paJKeHHe
HaJIHMa lIaIIl.e H306pa}KeHIIH. .u..pyrHx pblO yno-
Tpe6JIHJIHCb B maMaHCKHX MHCTepHHX BO BpeMH
JIelIeHHH 60JIbHbIX, K01'.n;a I1IaMaH OTnpaBJIHJICH,
T. e. «HbIpHJI» llepe3 npopy6b B HH}KHHM MHp. B
3TH H306pa}KeHHH I1IaMaH BOlI.BOpHJI n06e>KJI.eH-
Horo JIM Ayxa 60JIe3HH. «3aKJIIOqHB HecroBOplIH-
BOro JLyxa B pbl6y, maMaH onHTb-TaKH con po-
nO}K,IJ:aeT ero B HH}KHIIH MHp».1 .
Ho pOJIb HaJIHMa B I1Ia:\laHC'i'Be He HCl1epnbIBa-
JIaCb BceM 3THM. HaJIHM nOJIb30BaJICH OCOObII\I
nOqHTaHHe1 I1IaMaHHCTOB, B TOM 1I1ICJIe HKYTOB,.
KaK CBHll.J.eHHOe CYIUeCTBO.
Ha CeBepe, B A6bIHCKO paHOHe. r,n.e O.lI.HHl
1f3 r..TJaBHbIX MecTHbIX npOMbICJIOB 6bIJIO PbI60JIOB- _
CTBO SIKYTOB, «oc060 notJHTaJICH HaJIHM-CbIaJIW-
hap. Bo 'BpeMH pbI6HOM JIOBJIH HeJIb3H 6bl..'IO Ha-
3bIBaTb pbI60JIOBHbIe CHaCTH H HaJIII}la JIX c06-
CTBeHH'bIM JIMeHeM». 2
TaKoR 3anpeT MO}KeT 6bITb CBH3aH C KYJIbTOM
HaJIJIMa, KaK cYIUecTBa, HMeIOIIJ.ero OTHOIIIeHHe K
XTOHHqecKOMY 6o}Kecrny - X03HIIHY B011., 03ep H
peK. TaK, B HraHacaHCKOM cpOJIbKJIOpe, no 3anH-
CHM B. O. ,lI.O..'IfIlX, ynO1HHaeTCH 03epo CMej>TH.
I10lI.'be3}KaH K HeMY, OXOTHHK BHlI.HT ceMb ,QHKHX
KOMOJIbIX OJIeHeH. B.a.Pyr OJIeHH HC1:Ie3 a JOT. Ha
KOnaHHll.e, r.u.e 6bIJIH .lI.HKHe, 60JIbmOH >KHBOM Ha-
JIHM npeBpamaeTCH B rOJIYIO }KeHII.J.IIHY - Xo-
3SIHKY 03epa CMepTH. 3
H. C. rYPBHll JII06e3HO C006IIJ.HJI MHe B nHCb:\le
o KYJIbTe HaJIHMa Y >KHTeJIeH OJIeHeKa: «ITo CJIO-
I B. H. B a c H 11 be B, YK. roll.: cTp. 273.
2 A. A. CaB B H H. Oco6eHHOCTH rOBopa SIKYTOB Beoxo-
HHCKoro, A6blHCKOro H A.IJ.1IaHXOBCKoro paHoHa. (OTtteT
B apxHBe Hayqao-HCCJI. HHCT. Hg., JIHT. H HcropHH 51K)'TCK.
6a3bl AKa.Q. HaYK CCCP, CTp. 14).
3 B. O. Jl. O.TJ. r H x, YCTHoe co06m.eHHe.
8aM rpHropliH MaTBeeB8 (ruaMaHa 72 ..'leT), Ha-
.I1HM, TaK }Ke KaK 0KYHb Ii mYKa, SIBJIHeTCH llIaMaH-
CKOM pbI60fi. npH nOCBHrneHHH B ruaMaHbI, Kor,lJ.a
C1JHTaIOT KOCTH 6YAymero llIa:MaHa II BocnHTbI-
BaIOT ero, TO B -KaqeCTBe COCKH ,lJ.aIOT XBOCT Ha-
JIHMa (B HeM HeT MSIca), a 3aTeM KOpMHT HII.J.epH-
1l.3MH,llepBSlMH Hero c06CTBeHHbIM MHCOM (06pH.lI.
nOCBHII.J.eHHH). n03TOMY maMaH nOJIb3yeTcH Ha-
JIHl\WM .n:.rIH npOHHKHOBeHHH B HH}KHHH MHp. Ha
KOCTIOMax IllaMaHOB 'H306pa}KeHHH H8JIHMa MHe
He BCTpelIaJIOCb.
«OKOJIO 03. AHHbHp-KI03JIb B K.llp6eHcKOM Ha-
CJIere, no CJIOBaM OXOTHHKa K.HpHJIJIOBa, B
1942 r. MOJIOlI.e}Kb Hawna H CO}KrJIa ynaBllIero
4bIqbIIIKaHa (HAOJI) C H306pa}KeHHeM nTHUbI
3KceKY; OKOJIO ObIJIO H306pa}KeHHe HaJIHMa. Ho
y 1.JbIllbIIIK8Ha, C.lI.eJIaHHOrO no MoeM npocb6e
B OJIeHeKCKoM HaCJIere, u306pa>KeHHe pbI6bI
OCMbICJISIJIOCb KaK ll{YKa.
«ITo CJIOBaM OXOTHIiKa MaKcHMoBa, K H306pa-
}KeHHIO 3x3KeHa, .lI.yxa OXOTbI, eCJIH ero H3roro-
BJIHIOT H3 1KeJIe3a, TO npHBSI3bIBalOT eme XBOCT
HaJIHMa.
«HaJIHM OTHOCHTCH K TBopeHHHM AJIJIapa
OroHb-opa, - BJIaCTHTeJI.sI npeHCnO.lI.Hen. MeTeo-
pOJIor H3 ,lI.>KeJIHH.lI.bI (PYCCKHH) rOBOplIJI MHe, qTO
KOf.ll.a OH B '1940 r. JIOBHJI HaJIHMOB B KaKoM-To
peqywKe nOJ() JIblI.OM, TO HaCeJIeHHe 'He TOJIbKO
He JIOBHJIO HX, XOTH JIOB 6bIJI 06JIerqeH CKOnJIe-
HHeM pbI6bI, HO H OTKa3bIBaJIOCb ynOTpe6JIHTb
nOHMaHHbIX HM HaJIHMOB B nHll{Y».
MaTepHaJ1bI H. C. rypBlIlla BCeUeJIO no.n:TBep-
}KlI.aIOT, TaKHM 06pa30M, MbICJIb 0 XTOHHlleCKOM
xapaKTepe npeJI.C1:aBJIeHHii, CBSl3aHHb1X C HaJIHMOM
11 Y TYHrYCCKHX nJIeMeH.
3TO He HCKJIi01Ja eT, o)J.HaKo, H .u.pyrHx, llHCTO
..
TOTeMHqecKHX B033peHHH, CorJIaCHO KOTOpbIM,
HaJIHMY npIIHaMe}KH:r poJIb npapO.ll.HTeJIH onpe-
eJIeHHbIX pOAOB HJIH nJIeMeH. O)(HHf H3 HaH60'
JIee lllHPOKO pacnpocrpaHeHHbIx BapHaHTOB npen.-
CTaBJIeHHM TaKOfO po.na SJBJIHeTCH nOBepbe 0 TOM,
QTO HaJIHM 6bIJI npe}KAe 1:IeJIOBeKOM.
COHOTbI (TYBHHI..J.bI) ynoTpe6JIHJIH B nHll{Y Bee
copTa pbI6bI, KpOMe HaJInMa, nOTOMY qTO eMY
npHnHCbIBaJlOCb lleJIOBeqecKoe rrpOHCXO}K.lI.eHHe.
Q HeM CYIUeCTBOBaJIO nOBepbe, llTO 3TO 6bIJIa He-
KorAa }KeHII.J.HHa - yronJIeHHHua.1 .
B 3anHCH H. <f>. K.aTaHoBa .3TOT paCCKa3 nepe-
AaH B OAHOM BapHaHTe cneAYIOll{HM 06pa30M:
«BbI.i1 OAHH MY}K H }KeHa. )I(eHa, OCep)(HBIIIHCb
Ha cBoero }IY}Ka H BOM)1H C 'fPy6KOIO B 'BOJJ.Y,
CTaJIa HaJIHMO:\1. no 3TOH np;HllHHe HaJIHMa
JIIO)l.H (T. e. ypHHXaHll.bI) He eAHT».2
B .lI.PyroM BapHaHTe rOBopHTCH, llTO HaJIHM
6bIJI crapyx oii.. Paccep.nHBllIHCb H3-3a Ta6aKY H
I E. K. 51 K 0 B 11 e B. ::hHorpa$HllecKHH 0630p HHOpOk
qeCKOrO Hace.neRHSl AOJ!HHb1 lO1KHOro EHHceSi H 06"bSiCRH-
TeJIbHblA KaTaJIOr sTHorpalJlHllecKoro OT.Qe.1Ja 1\fY3eSI. OnH-
caHHe MHHYCHHCKoro MY3eH, BI:i:J. IV, MHHYCHHCK, 1900,
CTp. 96.
2 H. <1>. KaT a HOB. Om:>lT HCCJIet{OBaHHSI OCHOB ypSIH-
xaHcKoro R3bIKa C YKa3aHHeM rJlaBlleAwHX pO.QCTBeHHblX
OTHoweHHH K .QpyrHM B3bIKaM TlOpKCKoro KOpHSI. Ka3aHb,
1903, CTp. 935-936.
 ..-
B3HB B 3YObI TPYOKY, OHa cnYCTlwaCb B peK)'.
COrJIaCHO 3TOMY BapHaHTY, MHCO HaJIHMa JIIO,lI.H
He e,J.HT H ynoTpe6JI5JIOT ero TOJIbKO KaK JIeKap-
CTBO .u..TIH 60JIbHbIX JIIOAeH.
AHaJIOrHIIHOe npe.rr.aHlle, 3anHcaHHoe y 6ypHT
XaHrHHCKoro pOAa, ony6JIHKOBaJI r. H. I1oTaHHH.
B HeM rOBopIiTCH: PbI6a HaJIHM (ryrap) 6bIJIa
npe}K,!I.e lI.eBIIll.eM. PO,nHTeJIH 3a llm-TO paCCep.ltH-
.111Cb Ha Hee, H OHa YTonliJIaCb. 1
B pOJ(OCJIOBtiOH care 6YP5JT-6YJIaraTOB II 3XH-
pHTOB HaJIH}IY OTBe.n:eHO oco6oe MecTO. COrJIaCHO
OAHO:\fY H3 BaplIaHTOB 6YPHTCKOM JIereH)l.bI, B
BO.lJ,ax cBHIIJ.eHHOro 03epa-1\lOpH BaHKaJIa }KHJI1I
Ba MaJlb1:lHKa H o.n;Ha .lI.eB01JKa. ,lI.eTH BbIXOAHJIII
..1.JIH CBOHX _ Hrp Ha UeCqaHbIH oeper 03epa, a 3a-
Te1 CHOBa CK.pbIBaJIHCb B ero Bo.u..ax. Y3HaB 06
3THX .lI.e1'HX, 6e3.lI.eTHbie IIIaMaHKU ACYHX3H Ii
XYCYX3H XHTpocTbIO 3aXBaTHJIH .lI.eTefi BO BpeM5J
CHao K.of.n;a lIIaMaHbI OBJIa.u.eJIH !{eTbMH, nOCJIe!{-
HHe 3aKpHllaJIH: «B03bMHTe Hac MOJIOqHoe
Mope - MaTb H HeLloCTynHble ropbI - OTell.». Ha
10pe nO)I.HSIJIHCb BOJIHbl H q:YTb He YHecJlH lllaMa
HOK. ,l.{eBOlIKa 06paTHJIaCb IE .aepny ill ymJIa B
Mope, O11.HH MaJIbllHK CTaJI qepHofi 6eJIKOH Ii
YIIIeJI B ropbI, a BTOpOM MaJIbqllK OCTaJICH Ha
3eMJIe, 6bIJI YCbIHOBJIeH IIIaMaHKaMH H nOJIO}KHJI
H.allaJIo 3xHpHTaM. 0 .HeM rOBOpI-lJIH: «B HPY HaH-
.n.eHHblH 3XHpHT», a TaK )Ke 'liO y Hero «6epe:ro
BaH Ill.eJIb - MaTb, necTpbIH HaJIH.M - OTeu». 3TO
BbIpa}KeHlle 06nHCHHJUI TeM, llTO, KOr.lI.a OH 6bIJI
;\IaJIeHbKHM, ero BocnHTbIBaJI HaJIIiM lfiecTporo
Il.BeTa, a MaTepbIO ero HJIH KOJIbI6e.1IbIO 6bIJIO
YIll.eJIbe 6epera. 2 B .aeHCTBHTe.1IbHOCTIf }Ke, 01Je-
BII)l.HO, B .iLpeBHOCTH 6YPHTbI 8XlipHTCKoro nJIe-
MeHH £epHJIH B npOIlCXO}.KAeHHe OBoero npe.u.Ka
3XHpHTa OT OTua - HaJIIIMa II BblBO.D.llJIH ce6H OT
nOCJIe;I.Hero. HaJIIIM, TaKHM oopa30I, .u.OJI}KeH
ObiJI HMeTb ;I.JIH HItX 3HaqeHHe nJIeMeHHOro
TOTeMa. Oc06eHHO HHTepeCHO, llTO B HeKOTopbIX
TIereHlI.aX Hall60..TIee paHHHX 3anliceH (1881) Ha-
J1HM Ha3BaH He OTll.OM. a I aTe p b 10 3XHpHTa.
B lleCTb 3XHpHTa neJIl1: «HaJIHM pbI6a 6bIJIa ero
:\faTepbIO, 6eper OTll.Oi\I, a nOlleTHbUI Ha3BaHHeM
3KrHpliT (rYTp 3KX3T9H 3pKrH 3KC3r3T3H 3Krli-
FliT COIOTOM) ».3
01JeHb 6JIH3KaSI no xapaKTepy JIereHa 3aUH-
caHa H Y TYHrYCOB. B HeM pacCKa3bIBaeTcH 0
TOM, KaK }KHJI :UYJKllIIHa C TpeMSI :>ReHa-MII. ,lJ.Be
JI3 HIIX OpOCHJIH B peKY CbIHa T1peTbeM }KeHbI. Ta
)KeHll.J.HHa, - roBOpHTCH B JIereH.lJ,e, - «,.1,0 BeCHbI
n<HJIa (Ha 3TOM MeCTe). BeCHOIO, Kor.n.a peKa 06-
I f. H. nOT a H n H. OqepKH CeBepO-3ana!J.HOH MOHro-
1HH, IV, Cn6., 1883, CTp. 184.
Ba.1JaraHCKHe 6YPSITbI paccKa3bIBa.1JH TalOKe, 1JTO Ha.11HM
6bIJI npe)f{JI.e 1Je..10BeKOM. nOJIO)f{HB B n3Yxy 6apaHblO
nell.eHb, OH nomeJI KY.Qa-To, HO YTOHYJI B peKe H C.QeJIaJICfl
pbl601O. BOT n01JeMy Y HaJlHMa 601lbwafl n BK)'CHafl
neqeHb (Ba.'IaraHcK. C60pH. CTp. 82).
2 A. n. 0 K JI a ;I. H H K 0 B. OllepKH DO HCTopHn 3ana.Q-
HblX 6ypSIT-MOHrO."'lOB. JI., 1937, CTp. 278. - r. n. n 0-
T a H H H, YK. CO'l., cTp. 825. - CKa3aHHSI 6ypHT, 3a--
nHcaHHble pa3HblMH c06Jipal'CJISIMH. 3an., BCOprO no
;;)THOrpa$HH, T. I, BbIll. 2, I1PKYTCK, 1890, CTp. 97, 99,
102, 147.
3 CK838RHSi 6ypsn..., CTp. 1'47.
Me..-l€.i18, }KeHlUIIHa, II.lI.H 3a BO,QOlO, YBII.1I.eJIa
KaKoM-To CJIe.rr.oK. 4eJIOBeKa CJIe;r.. 'OHa, 1:IT06bI
l1eJIOBeKa nOHMaTb, Ha 6epery peKH .:'IYK, .nOTO:\1
cKpe60K nOJIO}KIIJIa. CKa3aJIa: «MaJIb1:lHK, eC.i1H
nYK B03bMeT, .aeBOl1Ka, eC"TIH - CKpe60K». CaMa
('TaRa C.ile.lI.HTb. Pe6eHOK Ji3 BO;I:bI BbI llIeJI , ayr.:
B3HJI. )KeHlltIlHa, pe6eHKa YBH,!I.eB, n06e}KaJIa, ero
nOHMaJIa. DOTOM ..1.0fOH y6e}KaJIa. MaJIbllHK,
BOpqa. 3aKpHlIaJI: "MeHH HaJIIiM :p:el1eHbIO cBoeM
KOPMHJI". HaJIHM fl3 BO.lI.bI BbICKOl1ll.TI, B BO,ny
onHTb HbIPHYJI. )I(eHJlIHHa .iLOMOH MaJIb1:lHKa npM-
BMa, paCCKa3aJIa, KaK ero B BO.lI.Y 6POCHJIH».1
J13JI01KCHHaH TYHrYCCKaH JIereH.lI.a HBJIHeTCH OJ(-
HOH H3 BepCHM 06bI1JHOfO CIO}KeTa 0 «HeBIIHHO
... p
rOHHMbIX», .B KOTOpOH OTlleTJIHBO BII.n;eH .lI.peBHeU-
...
WHK llJlaCT TaKIIX JIereHtI., CBH3aHHbIH C rrpe}I.-
CTaBJIeHHHfH 0 llY.lI.eCHOM pO}KJI.eHHH 300MOpq>-
Horo npe.lI.Ka po.n.a, He 3HaIOII.J.erO OTQa, 0 npeCJIe-
;!.OBaHHH HX C MaTepbIO 3JIbIMII BparaMH H rrOCJIe-
.i1.YIOll{eM TOp}KeCTBe HeBHHHO fOHIiMOfO 60}KecTBa.
Ha 3TOT pa3, BleCTO rOHIIMoro 3JIbIMH JIIO;J.bMH
«606peHKa» HJIH «TIDJleHlIHKa» fHJISInKRX HJIM
llYKOTCKHX IHcpOB, 3,neCb BblBe.n;eH y}Ke aHTpono-
MOpcpHbIM repon, HO 3aTO BOcpHTaTe..i1eM ero HB-
TJHeTCH HaJIHM. _
TIpIlBe.lI.eHHbIM 3.il.ecb T)'HrYCCKMH ?\oUup, KaK H
6ypHTCKHH MHct> 06 3xHpllTe, 113BecTHblii B pa3-
HblX BapHaHTax, HeceT Ha ce6e OTneqaTOK JJ.JI1.J-
TeJIbHOrO' pa3BHTliH H, KOHel1HO, BO MHorOM OTJIH-
... 0
llaeTCH OT .n.peBHeHIIIHx em pe.lI.aKll.HH, r.lI.e,
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naJI He B 1JeJIOBe1JeCKO}I, a B HenpHKpbITOM 3BeplI-
HOM OOJIHKe. B CBH3M. C 3TIfM HeJIb3SI npOMTH
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JIHM IE ero pbI6beM BH)J.e CqHTaJICH, HanpHMep,
Y Tex )Ke 6YPHT npeAKOM-po.n.OHaqaJIbHHKOM.
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2 f. .n. C a H )f{ e e B. J1.apxaTbI. 3THorpa$H'leCKHH O'J"lleT
o noe3.QKe B MOHrOJIHIO B 1927 r. M3Tep_ KOM. no lfCCJle)l.
M.oHro..1bcK. H TYBHHCK. Hap. pecny6JIHK H BypSIT-MoH'
rO.'1bCK. A.CCP) BNn. 10, 1930, CTp. 46.

336
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Ha 3e!\;IJIe 6blJIa, BnpOqeM, pacnpocTpaHeHa eCH
1 Th. Pre u s s. Die Begriibnisarten der Amerikaner
LInd Nordasiaten. Konigsberg, 1894, C1p. 215; H. B a n-
C r 0 f 1. The Native Races oi the Paciiic States, III, Lon-
don, 1815, C1p. 516.
2 Th. Pre u s S, YK. COq., CTp. 216; H. C. Jar row.
Introduction oi the Study of Mortuary Customs among
orth-American Indians. Ann. Report of the Bureau
Amer. Ethnology, 1880, Washington. 1881, CTp. 102.
3 Th. Pre us S, YK. COq., CTp. 276; co CCbIJIKOIf Ha:
E. Ken t Can e. Arctic Explorations. Philadelphia, 1886.
f Th. Pre us S, YK. COq., CTp. 276.
5 TaM >Ke, CTp. 277.
6 Th. Pre u s S, YK. COq., CTp. 277. - Ban c r 0 f t,
yH:. COq., I, cTp. 357. - Y a r row, YK. COq., CTp. 1O.
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o X03HHHe .J.Ola II rJIaBe ce:\IbH. OHaLK.rrbl
I K T. Pre u s s. Tod und Unsterblichkeit im
GIauben der Katurvolker. SammI. gemeinversUindi.
V ortdige, 146. Tiibingen, 1930. - H. X a p Y 3 II H. 3THO-
rpaq,UH, IY. BepoBaHUH. COG., 1905, CTp. 195-196.

340
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6apoBcK, 1933, crp. 332.
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to
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BaHHH. C60pHHK «nepB06blTHaSI pe<lHrHH B CBeTe 9THorpa-
cpHH:', .TL. 1936, CTp. 317.
2 51. .rI H H .n e Hay. OnHcaHHe Y..'1CKHX TYHr}'COB.
3 H. M. C y C JI 0 B. COl1Ha.'lbHaH Ky.lJbTypa Y TYHrYCOB
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Myphl. (113 Marepna.il0B qYHCKOH 9Kcne;J.Hl.I.HH 1926 r.).
CeB. A3HH, N9 1 (19), 1928, crp. 62-63.
· 11. SL ill T e p H (i e p r. fH.1RKH, OpOllH, I'OJ1b!lbl,
crp. 538.
I APXHB HaytlHo-HCCJI. HHCT. H3., .'IHT. H HCTOpHH
51KYTcK. 6a3bl AKa;J:. HaYK CCCP. <f>oHll cpo.'lbK.'OpHOro
ceKTOpa, eJIeHcKHe neCHH». CTp. 40.
2 M. H. X a H r a .TI 0 B. HeCKO.'1bKO ""aHHbIX !{JIH xapaK-
T€:pHCTHKH 6b1Ta ceBepHblX 6YPHT. 3THorp. 0603peHHe.
Jill. X, N2 3, 1891, crp. 164.
3 Paul R a din. The' Winnebago tribe. Ann. Report
of the Bureau Amer. Ethnology, 37, Washington, 1923.
CTp. 315. - K. T. Pre u S s. Tod und UnsterbIichkeit im
Glauben der NaturvoIkem. Tubingen, 1930, CTp. 24.
IlocTaToqHO KOHKpeTl:'bI II npe.rr.CTaBJIeHHSI
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rpa<pHH». JI., 1936. CTp. 122-125. 451-452.
2 A. M. 3 0.:' 0 Tap e B. POn;OBOH CTpOH Ji peJIHrHH
Y.TIbt:!eH, CTp. 40.
3 f. Cap bI q e B. nYTemecTBHe no ceBepo-BocTOKY CII-
6Hpn, nen;OBHTOI\IY "WPIO Ii BOCTOtolHm.ty oKeaHY, II.
Cf16., 1802. CTp. 167-168.
I Jl 5L ill T e p H 6 e p r. fH.TH1KJi. opotIn, rO.lb11.bI,. . 1
CTp. 491.

342
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poro BocnHTblBalOTCH .rr.YUIH nepe.n: HX ROBbIM
BOrrJIOmeHlfeM Ha 3e)1JIe, eme He 061>HcHHeT,
O.lI.HaKO, caMoro :\fexaHH3Ma nepeBOnJIOmeHHH,
He ,nOKa3bIBaeT, KaKHM 06pa30M .zr:yn:ra nona.aaeT
Ha 3eMJIIO.
C 9TOM CTOpOHbI HCKJ1IOtJHTeJIbHO .sa}KHO, qTO,
COrJIaCHO BepOBaHHH:\f 9BeHKOB, He06xo.lI.H)fOM
npOMe}KYT01:lHOM HHCTaHll.HeH, nepeJI.aIOmeii JI.YJPY
..
H3 BepxHero 1\mpa B Cpe.lI.HIIII, B lJpeBO JKeH-
mHHbI, CJIY}KHJIO MaTepHHCKoe 60>KeCTBO .lI.OMam-
Hero 01:lara.
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rOJIb1J.OB H CBH3aHHble C JKH3HblO cyeBepHH. 3rHorp. 000-
3peHHe, KH. III, 1897. - M. A. JI 0 n aT H H. rOJJb!lhI
aMypCKHe, yccypHikKHe H CYHrapHHCKHe. Om:iT .9rHorpa-
$HtzecKoro HC{:.1Je!l.oBaHH}t. BJIa!lHBOCrOK, 1922, CTp.
199-200.
2 JI. 51. III T e p H t5 e p r. SBO,;'JIOUHH pe.,lHrH03HhIX Bepo-
BaHHH, c1p. 441.
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plIHCKoro pona B C03H3HHH Y 9BeHKOB HBJI5IeTC5I
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C HeM 6eCe!I.YIOT H cOBeTYIOTcH no BceM Bonpo-
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IIJJeMeH CeBepa. JIonapH (caaMbI) .B .rr.peBHOCTH,
.,
HaIIpHMep, XOpoHlfJIH CBOIIX nOKOHHHKOB no.rr.
OlJarOM, lJeM H30eraJIH rHeBa ,!:tYXOB YCOIIIlIHX.
JIonapH BepHJIH TaK}Ke, qTO ..1.0:\-f311IHHe n.YXII
}KHBYT noJI. 01JarOM, f,Ae .If JI.e.rraJIHCb .AJISI HHX
}KepTBeHHbIe B03JIHHHHH. 2
Y aJITaMll.eB CYI.IJ.eCTBOBaJI Ky..lbT }KeHCKHX
.lI.yXOB 3MereHJI.epOB HJIH opeKeHHepOB, T. e.
6YKBaJIbHO npaMaTepeH, HMeBIIIHX BH.ll rpy60
CJ.J.eJIaHHbIX KYKOJI, cmHTbIX H3 KYCKOB MaTepHH,
Ha6HTbIX naKJIeM, C 6HcepHHKaMH BMeeTO rJIa3
If C nepbHMH Ha rOJIOBe. 3MereHJI.epbI CqllTaJIHCb
1J.yxaMH-XpaHHTeJIbHHUaMII .LI.Ol\'larnHero 01:lar3.
K HHM 06pamaJIHCb n03T03'IY co CJIeAYlOmHl
rrpH3bIBaHHeM:
«XpaHHreJIH SbI IOpTbI,
Benoro nJIaMeHH 3aUJ.lua,
I.JeThIpeX yrnoB JI.OMa onopa,
BenHKoro CToHoHw.a CTapeHume,
Moryqero nneMeHH CTapeHIIIHe».
HJIH:
«MaTepH HalIIH, HMelOll1He KpacHbie YCTa,
B neCTpblX lIIenKOBNX wyoax,
C BopoTaMH H3 C060JIH, MaTepH Haum!
nepeJI.HHH yro.'1 oxpaHHIOIltHe,
I A. c%>. A H H C HMO B. POJI.OBOe oome.cTBO 9BeHKOB
(TYHrYCOB). JI., 1936, CTp. 47.
2 H. X a p y 3 H H. PYCCKHe .nODapH, CTp. 239.
I'.TL-\B:\ \"11. CEPOBCRHFi 3TAn
3-13
be.:lOe IIlaMH 3alllIlaI0ll.lH€!
Ka!>feHHblH oqar )'Kpenrne.
T pexyrnaTbIH OpOH303bJiI !{OTe.' KpenKo :l.ep)1\lue!»
OCHOBiiOH CPYH KIUle i.i 3MereHJI.epOB ObIJJH
«oxpaHa pOJKeHHlI. H crroco6cTBOBaHHP 6JIaro-
HOK Y Bee pO.HiTCH :\JepTBbDI ifJIH CJIe!lbIM, BO
BCHKOM CJIYl1ae 6..TJarOnOJIY1:lHe E HOBOII ce:\-lbe
eM HH B KoeH Mepe He 6Y.lI.e1 o6eCnel1eHo. Tene-
\'TbI CBSI3bIBa..TJH lI.BeT r JIa3 pe6em,.a c Il.BeT01\l
6l1cepa, KOTOpbIM npHIIIHBaJICH BMeCTO rJIa3

.....-::
..--
PRC. 103. H306paJKeHHe MHpoBoro }l.epesa y }l.OJIrBH (BBepxy) II HaHaHueB (DHH3Y).
nOJIYl1HO\IY HCXO.n.y pO.l1.0B». OHH ;I.OJ1}KHbI 6bWU
3aIll.lllUaTh II oxpaHHTb JI.eTeH:
y 3:\lereH.lI..epOB. :QlOPllbI H KYMaHllHHlI.bI CTaBHJIH
BHellIHHM BIIJJ; If 6JIarOnOJIY1JHe peoeHKa B 3aBH-
CHMOCTH OT roro, HaCKOJIbKO Tl.II.aTeJIbHO H H3HIIJ...
HO H3rOTOBJIeHbl opeKeHHepbl».1
,
«Ee.lJoe nJIaMH otzara }Ie !laBaihe raCRTh,
HaHre neTHM HrpaTb Ha BaIIIHX pYKax>.
CBH3b 3MereH]\epOB C .n:eTbMH HaCTOJIbKO TeCHa,
LITO «}KeHll.J.MHa, He nOJIYtJIIBllIaH 9MereH.lI.epOB,
UJIH aMa YMpe'f EO BpeMH pOJI.OB HJIH }Ke peoe-
I H. n. J1. bI P e H K 0 B 3. nepe>KHTKH H!leOJlOrHH MaTe-
pHHCKoro po.n.a y aJITaHCKHX TlOpKOB. naMHTH B. r. Eo-
ropa3a (1865-1936). COOpH. cTaTeH, M.-..TI., 1937,
crp. 123-145.

34,t
ACTh II. npUB:\I-IHA.:IbE B HEO.'II1TIfl1ECKOE BPEl\HI
r.'1AI3A VII. CEPOBCHHff 3TAn
34.5
CJIe..:I,bl BepbI B 60}KeCTBO ;J.OMalIIHerO otJara,
.1.apYIOWee .n.eTeM, npOCJ1e}KeHbI H B peJIUrHH'
MH.u.YCOB - 3nOXli Be.'1., XO'HI }KeHCKaH BJI8,'J,bll1Hua
orHH 311eCb Y>Ke CMeHHJIaCb MY}KCKHM .n:YXOM.
06B01Ui CBOIO HeBeCTY BOKpyr OrH5J, HHJI.YC o6pa-
lUaJICH K ArHH co CJIOBaMM: «Bepnn, 0 ArHu,
MYJKb5JM }KeHY C rrplln..l0:1.0M». Y 6a.llKaHCKnx
C.JIaBHH npn aHa.ll0rlll1HOM 06pH.lI.e 06XOmJI.eHlUI
HeBeCTbI BOKpyr .n:O:\laIIIHero 011ara JI.OTpanma-
.:JHCb KoqeproM ;:{o rOJIOBHH H npHrOBapliBaJIII:
«KaK lHoro "HCKp Bbl.n eTa eT, nYCTb Tal{ IHOI'O
CKOTa, :\IHoro ;reTeii i\-IY}KCKOrO nOJIa omIIB.TIHeT
.3TOT .QOM».I
C TaKH:\1H npeCTaBJIeHIIHMI1 CBH3an, BepOSITHO,
J! 06bIl1aM XOpOHI1Tb nOC.ile;J: B6JIn31I ()1:Iara, H3-
BecTHbIi'I Y pH.lI.a CH6HPCKHX n.neMeH. TIoc.TJe.J.. KaK
U3BeCTHO, HBJI5JJICH 06ceKTO:\f OC06bIX 3a60T,
KaK BeIll.eCTBO, Hepa3pbIBHO CBH3aHHoe C cy.n:b6oiI
pe6eHKa n .n:eTOpOJKAeHHeM.
OrOHb ceMeHHoro HJIH pOLlOBoro 011ara IDIe"l,
Tal<lIf 06pa30M, 6JIIi}KaMIIIee OTHomeHI-!e K KY.llbTY
:\IepTBbIX II K H,Qee B03pO}K;.(eHIfH YMepIIIHX Ha
3e}IJIe. OTCI01l2 CTaHOBHTC;J n{)HHTHbIM, n01:le:\IY
orOHb MbICJIIiJICH KaK BO.ZI.IITeJIb ym B 3arp06-
HbIH He6ecHbIM l\Ulp.
B MH<pOJIOrIiH Ben; 60}KeCTBY OrH51 npIlHa.lI.JIe-
>KHT, HanpHMep, He TOJIbKO nO.ll0>KeHHe nocpe,Z:{-
HHKa Me}K.lI.Y .lI.BYMH :\lHpa ,.m BCeJIeHHOH, HO Ha
HeM JIe}KHT II oc06aH 06H3aHHOCTb COnpOBO)K.lI.e-
HHH J1.yrn YMepnIllX, KOTopble OR B C.BO€.M nJIa-
MeHH B03HOCHT B Heoeca.
TaKoe npe1.cTaB.lleHlle 06 orHe, KOTOpbIM o5ec-
nel1HBaeT B03pO>K..:I,eHHe K HOBOM }KH3HH, 011eHb
 
OTl1eTJIHBO cOXpaHHJIOCb B oopH.ae HHHll.HaUHH.
JII060nbITHo .npH 3TOM, 1:ITO calbIH aKT Tpyrro-
CO}K}KeHHH B pH,Z:{e CJIY1:laeB MbICJIHJICH B BeCbMa
peaJIHCTH1JeCKHX l1epTaX - KaK nOLKHpaHne Te..'1a
YMepIIIero .n:YXOM orRH, nOCJIe 1:Iero CJIe;J:OBaJIO
B03pO}K,n:eHHe C'be.lI.eHHoro.
ABCTpaJIHHUbI YCTpaliBaJIIi B 3eMJIe .J..I1HHHoe
yrJIy6JIeHHe, H306pa}KaBIIIee 3e:\'WHHYIO nel1b,
8 3aTeM pa3bIrpbIBaJIH «cneKTaKJIb», CHMBOJIH3H-
pOBaBIll11ll, tITO nOMeru.eHRblll B Heii .qe.nOBeK no.n.-
>KapliBaeTCH J1pyrMMlI yqaCTHIIKaHI 06pH.n:8.
npe.lI.CTaBJIeHlle 3TO IIMeJIO KpaHHe peaJI"HCTH-
qeCKHH xapaKTep. C .nOMOmblO 6Y:\lepaHra
«>KapHBIIIHe» nOKa3bIBaJIH, qTO OHlI nOJIHBaIOT
CBoero napTHepa H 3aCbmaIOT ero TeJJO yrJIHl\IM.
I1pH 3TOM OHH Y)J.HBIITeJIbHO xopomo nO.!1.pamaJIH
3BYKaM IIIlInHIUero H JIOnaIOII.J.erocSI OT )Kupa
:\lHca.
HHOr.lI.a 06PH.ZI. 6bIJl: eme peaJIHCTHl1Hee. 11cnbI-
TyeMbIx rrpHMO .n.ep}KaJIH Ha.a. orHeM; OHH, TaKH:\{
06pa30M, «}KapHJIHCb, y6HBaJUICb» H B pe3YJIb-
TaTe COBepIIIeHHO H3MeHSIJIHCb.
B QKeaH1UI npH nOCBHll1eHHH IOHOIllE.H pa3)KH-
raJIH orpOMHbIH KOCTep. !\:1Y}KQHHbI rrpHKa3bIBaJIH
. HeocpliTaM npHceCTb K He:uy. Ca:\fH OHH yca>KH-
BaJIHCb B HeCKOJIbKO TeCHblX pH.J:OB n03a.aH HHX.
B.lI.pyr MY}KqHHbI CXBaTbIBaJIH HHqerO He nOJI.o-
peBaIOmHX MaJIbqUKOB II .n:epLKaJIH HX 6JIH3
I J1. 5I. III T e p'l{ 6 cpr, YK. cOtt., CTp. 372.

OfHH ..10 Tex nop, nOKa Y HHX He ObIJIH OnaJIeHbI
Bce BOJIOCbI Ha Te.ne, npHqeM MHorHe nOJIyqaJIM
O}KOrH. HHKaKHe BOnJIH He no:\wraJIH.
Ha O-Bax COrJIaCHH Bep11.11 H, 1:ITO TO }Ke ca?we
npOHCXOn;HJIO II C YMepIIIIIIH. ,lIJrlIIY BapHJIH llJIII
neKJIIi B 3e:\IJIHHOM rre1:lKe nO.lI.06HO TO\'IY, KaK
"
CBIIHeu neKYT B 3eMJIe, H 3aTeM ee nO:\1emaJIII
5 KOP311HY H3 JIHCTbeB KOKocoBOM naJIbMbI. 3aTeM
'"
ee nO.T:{aBaJIH TOMY OO}KeCTBY, KOTOPOIY YMep-
nIHM nOK.1I0HHJICH B }KH3HH. 3TIIM KaHHH6aJIbCKliM
001KeCTBOM OHa Tenepb C'be,naeTc.H, nOCJle '1ero,
nocpecTBo'1 HeKoero He06cHcHIIlOro npouecca,
" "
YMepIIllI1I H pacTep3aHHbIM l1eJIOSeK BbI::I:eJIHJIC5I
113 TeJIa 60LKeCTBa H CTaHOBHJICSI 6eCCMepTHbIM.
C.r:IeJI.bl 3Tnx B033peHHH .nepe.>KHTOIlHO coxpa-
HIIJIHCb B .J:peBHerpeqeCKOM peJIlirHH. .lI.e\oIeTpa,
60rHHH 3e:\I.,1H, nTJO.J.opOllHH H B..la1I.bIl1llu.a noJI.-
3emoro I..{apCTBa BocnHTbIBaJIa )'fJIa;J:eHll.a .lI.eMo-
cpOHTa. )KeJIaH nOJI.apHTb eMY 6eCCMepTHe,
60rHHH TaMHo :r.ep}KaJIa ero no HOqa:\-I B orHe,
KaK ro..10BHIO. YBH;I.eB 3TO, HCn)TaHHaH MaTb
3aKp"lIqa..la B YJKace. EorHHH BbIpBaJIa ee CbIH8
 -
HJ nTIaMeHII H Te1I .1:HIlIHJIa ero oeCC1epTHH.
bmKeCTBeHHaH <PeTII.iI.a, JlaTb AXIIJIJIa, norpy-

maJI8 CBoero CbIHa no HOl1aM B orOHb, 1:ITOObI
BbI.>Ke1:lb B He:\1 nrepTHYIO npHpOJlY en) OTll.a, HO
neJIeH no:r.CMOTpe.TJ O.J.Ha}K.J.bI 3TO Ii BblpBa.l1
rlXHJI.TIa 113 orHH. n03TOMY AXH.TJ.TI OCTa..1CH BO
BJIaCTH CMepT-H. I
Ho 3eMHOll orOHb H COJIHlle B :\.mcpOJIormt
" "
noqTH Bcex Hapo.n:OB HaXO.1.HTCH B ca:\IOIi. TeCHOH
CBH::m. Bce, qTO OTHOCHTCH K 3e:\mO:\IY ormo,

qaCTO nepeHOCIITC5I Ha CO.TIHue, II oopaTHO.
rOJIbJI.CKHM IIIa:\IaH, HanpHMep, OTnpaBJIHHCb
B BepxHuM MUP 3aTeM, qTo6bI 3a6paTb C MHpO

Boro .nepeBa .J,YIllY - O:\fHH, oOpamaJICH He
K .J.yxy 3elHoro orHH. a K ca:\IOIY COJIHll.Y. no--
CTaBHB KOJIbI6eJIb H .nopYl1llB CeOHY ByqeH
'" 
Ka1:laTb 3bIOKY ycep.J.HO) qTOObI cnYCTHBmaHCS1
C He6a O:YIHH He YJIeTaJIa Ha3all, oH «06pamaeTCS1
K .lI.arjI,bI-CHY, COJIHlI.Y H npOCHT HHcnOCJIaTb OMIU{
K }KeHmHHe n ;IaTb ell nOTO:\-ICTBO».2
OC06blH I1RTepeC n03TO)lY npell.CT3 E;I51eT ,],Jl5\
Hac opHeHTHpOBKa KOCTHKOB 113 HeoJIHnll1eCKHX
norpe6eHHM, BnOJIHe COOTBeTCTBYlOlliaH BceIY
TOMY, 1:ITO rOBopH..l0Cb BblIIIe 0 pOJIH orHH-
CO.llHua B norpe6aTIbHO.M pHTyaJIe, H YCH.llHBaIO-
lUaH H3JIO}KeHHble BbIBOJIbI.
B OTJIHl1He OT noo.n:Hei11IIHX, B paHHHX norpe-
oeHIIHX npe06JIa.':t:aeT, KaK :\fbl BlI,J.efJH, 06bIKHO
BeHHe 06paru.aTb KOCTHKH ro.HOBOH Ha ceBepo-
BOCTOK II pe.>Ke Ha BOCTOK H ceBep. B Ka1:leCTBe
qaCTHOro CJIYl1aH eCTb npHMepbI oopameHHH
" '"
KOCT5IKOB rOJIOBOII H B oopaTHYIO CTOPOHY, no
aHTlfTe3e. Ho TaKHe llaCTHbIe C.llYl1an TOJIbKO
HC1J.TBep:>KlI.alOT H YCHJIllBalOT 3aKOHO:\lepHblli
xapaKTep 06ru.ero npaBH...18.
OpneHTII pOBKa ,u.peBHeHIIIIIX HeOJIHTlIl1eCKHX
norpe6eHHH DpII6aHKaJIbH, ce.J.OBaTeJIbHO, He
3aBHCHT OT MeCTHoro v1JaHJJ,IIIacpTa, OT peJIbecpa
nOBepXHOCTn HJIH KaKHX-JIII60 ;J:pyrHx nplll1HH,
MeCTHoro xapaKTepa, OHa oCT3eTCH Ha BceM npo-
TH:>KeHlI.H aHrapCKOH. ;I,OJIl1Hbl nOCTOHHHOH. TaKaH
" '"
me YCTOlIl1UBaH oplleHTHpOBKa paHHIIX norpeoe-
HHM Ha ceBepO-BOCTOK, BOCTOK H, peme) Ha ceBep
KOHCTaTlfpoBaH8 II H8 JIeHe.
TIOKOHHIIKII opHeHTHpOBaTJIICb, c.lIe.n;OB8TeJIbHO,
no npH3HaKaM, 06UU!M ,'1..!J5I BceM 3TOH 06UIHpHOH
TeppHTopHII, - no CTpaHaM cBeTa, T. e.) B KOHel1-
HOM C1:IeTe, - no com-my.
LITo6bI npaBHJIbHO oueHIITb H nOHSITb 3TOT
Ba}KHeHmuM <paKT, HYLKHO BcnoMHIITb, 1:ITO
B MllcpOJIOrH1:IeCKI!X npe;rCTaBJIeHII5IX MHorliX Ha-
pO.lI.OB 0 cMepTH H Yl1aCTIi MepTBbIx B 3arpOOHOJI
1Hpe BO.lI.HTeJIe.J :\-1 epTBbI X HBJIHeTCH HMeHHO
COJIHll.e.
KaK H3BecTHO, 3T8 H,J.eH C IICKTJlOl1lne.TIbHOM
HpKOCTblO BbIpa}KeHa 6bwa, HanpHMep, B pe.1JH-
nUl .3.peBHero ErlinTa. TIYTb Yl\fepmero B cTpaHY
MepTBblx no ;r,peBHeerlineTCKH:\'1 npe,rrcTaBJIe-
HHHi - nYTb COJlI.1Il.8: «11!l.eaJI Y:\IepIIIero - no-
rraCTb B 6apKY Pa H 'B:'vleCTe C HHM cOBeplIIaTb
e}Ke.nHeBHbIH nYTb: BOCXO.IIHTb Ha BOCTOKe H 3a-
XOJ,HTb Ha 3ana.lI.e .J.JIH Toro, 1.IT06bI npOJlOJI}KaTb

CBoe nYTeIIIecTBlie no HIiLKHeMY Heoy O HOBoro
BOCXO.ll.a B BOCTOllHO:\-I ropll30HTe. OH rJIaBHbIM
06pa30{ 06ee.noKoeH Te:\l, IJT06bI HaihM npaBIiJIb-
HbIe nYTH, cOBna)J.aIOlliHe C nYTH:.\.lH COJIHua...
B KHI-ire MepTBblx no,nllepKHBaeTc51, 'ITO YMep-
IIIIIH 3HaeT .lI.opory. no 'KOTOpOH eMY CJIe.lI.yeT
HTTH, Ii 3Ta .n:opora - .J.opora OTll.a ero) COJIHe1:l-
Horo 60ra ATYMa». I
CBH3b YMeplllHx C COJIHll.eM )J.OXO)J.IIT ,10 Toro,
qTO OHII ca:.\.1H npeBp3lIlalOTcH B CBeT1fJIa. 06blqHO
CBeTHJIa 3TH He IlTO HRoe, KaK cnYTHHKH
COJIHua - 3Be3,l1;bI. Ho «HapHJI,Y C npe,rrcTaBJIe-
HHeM 06 YJlepIIIef, KaK 0 3Be3!I,e, BCTpeqaIOTCH
TeKCTbI, no;:rqepKHBalOlUHe ero COJIHpHbIM xapaK-
Tep».2
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He1:lHOrO 601KecTBa 03HpHca.
\orYT, npaB.lI.a, CKa3aTb, 1:ITO penHrll5I ApeB-
Hero ErHnTa 6bIJIa peJIHrlleM pa3BHToro KJIaCCO-
Boro o 6meCTB a , peJIHflIeii: 3eMJIe.lI.eJIb1:leCKOrO Ha-
pon;a C BbICOKO pa3BIITOM KYJIbTypOM, H qTO
TaKHe .npe.lI.CTa&'1€HHH He MOrJIH cymecTBoBaTb

y .::r.HKHX JIeCHbIX OXOTHHKOB H 'pbIQO..TIOBOB.
0,]1-I8KO CXO.n:Hble B OCHOBe BepOBaHIIH OT:\-Ie-
l1eHbI II ,:J.JIH :.\.lHorHX 011eHb OTCTaJIbIX nJIeMeH
3eMHoro IIIapa H ;I.JIH ;J,peBHHX HapO.ZI.OB AMe-
plIKII, npHMaH CBH3b KOTOpbIX C EnUITOM HCKJIIO-
qeHa. TIaBHlIlI norpe6aIOT CBOIIX MepTBeUOB fIpH
3aKaTe COTIHlI.a, 1:IT06bI OHH BO BpeMH 6JIH}KaM-
llIero BOCXO.J:a COJIHll.a CHOBa BblpOCJIH H MOrJlH
I H. r. JI H B III H u. BpeMH - npoCTpaHCTBO B erHneT-
CKOH HepOrJIH4>HKe, crp. 233. _ ..
2 H. f. JI H BIll H u. JJ:uepMHHaTHE K D.perlHeerHneTCKHM
C-'10BaM «MepTBeu» H «apar». 514>eTIflI. COOpH., VI, JI.,
1-930, CTp. 223. - B. B. n ROT P 0 B C K H H. IhB. r AMMK,
T. VI, BNn. 10. -
44 OWJagHHKOB A. D. '
I B. n p 0 n n. I1cTOpHllecKHe KOPH" BO.:fIlle6nofi CKa3KI1.
.,'1., 1946, CTp. 83-88.
2 n. n. 111" M K e B It II, YK. COq.
Ha1JaTb CBoe nVTemTBlIe B CqaCTJIIiBbIe OXOT-
HIiIJbH 3eMJIli MaHI1T0. 1
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l1TO 3aXOil..5IIll..ee CO.TIHue Be.lI.eT 3a C060H .lI.YIIIH
YIepIlIHX, u n03T01IY OCTeperaIOTCH cnaTb rOJ10-
BOM Ha 3ana;r,.2
113 3Toro Il.HKJla npeD.CTaBJIeHIIH: BbITeKaeT
BO MHorlIX CJIYl1aHX CO)K)I{eHlIe Te.TI YMepIIIHX, TaK

KaK TOTJbKO JIlimb nYTeJI npHOOmeHJIH 3eMHOMY
orHIO ..1ymII MepTBbIX 1\WfYT 2}.OCTlfl1b Re6eCHoro
.
orHH - co.nHll.a.
KaJIHc:popHHMCKlle IIH.lI.eihlbI Bep IIJl II , l1TO l1epe3
orOHb norpe6aJIbHbIX KOCTpOB .rtYIIIU YMepIIIHX
OCBo6o>KAaIOTCH OT CBH3bIBaIOU1.ero HX TeJIa H
YHOCHTC5I C !l.bIMOM B CqaCTJIHBYIO CTpaHY,

TIemaII.J.YIOI..lr.e-TO Ha 3ana.n.e; oe3 3Toro OHH
w
BOOOll1.e He MorYT nOKI1HY1'b CBOH 3eMHble BMeC'fU-
JIHma. 3
l.JYKl1lI BepHJIH, 1:ITO .lI.YIIIII COLK}KeHbIX y.Mep-
IIIHX HnYT K COJIHll.Y, eCJIHlIbB-1 OT orHH nO.lI.HII-
MaeTCSl npSIMO BBepx; eCJ1H LKe .1bIM CTJIaJICH no
3ewe, .lI.YMa.TIH, qTO .nyx nOKOHHHKa nepeCeJIHJICH
B KaKOe-JIH60 LKIIBOTHoe. 4
11R.neMUbI B HIiKaparBe 6pOCaJIH B BYJIKaH
Mecaii:o, pHllOM C KpaTepOM KOToporo HaXO.lI.H-
JIOCb HX .>KepTBeHHoe MeCTo, KaK }KJi.BbIX JIIO.lI.eii
B }KepTBY, Tal< Ii, B oc06eHHOCTH, MepTBbIX. H Te
H JJ:pyrHe .uOJImHbI 6bIJIH B03HeCTHCb npHMO
K COJIHll.Y. 5
JJ.aHKll Ha EopHeo Bepl-lJ1H, '1TO BO BpeMH C:>K}i-
raHHH Tpyna .zr:yma ero B .lI.bIMY H nJIaMeHII B03-
HOCIITCH Ha He60, lI.bIM LKe OT KocTpa 3JI0ro IJeJIO-
BeKa rra.aaeT BHH3, If :r.yma. rrOCJ1e.lI.HerO BMeCTe
C Llbli\W1'\.f onycKaeTCH BHli3, a 3aTeM nona!J:aeT
B rrO,II:3eMHoe lI.apCTBo. 6
B MeKcHKe BOHHOB C}KHraJIH Ha KocTpax,
a 3aTeM JI.YIIIII IIX, no MHeHllIO MeKCHKaH:u.eB,
B nJIaMeHII KocTpa YCTpe:\wHJIIICb K COJIHll.y. 7
TIo TOH me caMOM npHqllHe B .lI.peBHeM TIepy

MepTBbIx XOpOHHJIII Ha nOOepe}Kbe, r,!{e 3aXO.J,Hv'lO
COJIHue. Ha B03BbIlIIeHHOCTHX, KY.n.a na a.aJIH 'fl0-
CJIeJI.fIHe ...lVl1H 3aXOlI.5IlUerO COJIHua. 8
-
I1.n:eH 0 TOM, qTO MepTBbIe CJIe.n:yIOT Ha 3ana.rr
BCJIe.rr. 3a COOII:\-I BO..1HTe.neM - COJIHll.e:\f. tITOObI
..
BOCKpeCHYTb B:\1eCTe C HHM K HOBOH mH3HH, II
onpeeJIHeT, OIJeBIf,l{HO, oplleHTHpOBKY norpe6eH-
HbIX B Tex CJIYl1aHX, Kor.zr.a TaK3H lI.n.eSI JIe}KHT
B OCHOBe npenCTaBJIeHHM 0 3arpo6HOM Mllpe II
cYD.b6e MepTBbIX.
3THorpa4>bI. K CO}K8JIeHHIO, Y.lleJIHJIII CJIHillKOM
MaJIO BHIIfaHHH opHeHTHpoBKe :\'lepTBbIX. B OCO-
6eHHOCTH TOMY, KaK OHa OCMbICJIHBaJIaCb Y pa3-
"TJHqHbIX HapOAOB B TOM HJIH HHO:\l KOHKpeTHOM
I Th. Pre u S S, YK. COil., CTp. 256.
2 w. S c h mid t. Ursprung der Gottesidee, Bd. V,
CTp. 455-456. "
3 Th. Pre u s S, YK. COil., CTp. 261.
4 TaM )Ke.
5 TaM :me, CTp. 279. - H. Ban C r 0 f t, YK. COIl.,
CTp. 543.
6 3. T 9 H JI 0 p. nepBo6hITH3H KYJIbTypa. JI., 1939.
CTp. 338.
1 Th. Pre u s S, YK. COIJ., cTP. 279.
8 TaM )Ke, CTp. 282.

346
'IACTb II. nPH5AFlft\.1bE B HEO.1JHTHl1ECROE BPEMfl
fJIABA VII. CEPOeCRHR 3T.o\n
347
CJ1ytIae. 9TO CH'IbHO 3aTpY.lI.HHeT nOJIO:>KeHHe
apxeoJIOra, nbITalOlUerOC5J HaMTII OTBeT Ha IIHTe-
peCYIOIUH.e ero rrp06JIe1fbI B 3THorpaqml1eCKliX
.n;aHHbIX. Ho MO)KHO YBepeHHO KOHCTaTHpOBaTb,
l1TO CYlUeCTBOBaJIO .n;Ba ()CHOBHbIX HanpaBJIeHIISI
COJIHel1HOH: opHeHTHpOBKH I\IepTBbIX, COOTBeTCTBO-
BaBIIIHe onpen:eJIeHHbIM npeJ:CTaBJIeHIIHM 0 MeCTO-
HaXO}KJI.eHMH CTpaHbI CMepTII H :r.BY11 nynIM B 3a-
rpOOHbIR MMp.
nepBoe HanpaB.lIeHlle - 3ana.lI.Hoe. I1HJ.eMlI.bI
CaJHnli H36era.i1I1, Ka.K CKa3aHO BbIme, cnaTb ro-
JIOBOM Ha 3ana.lI., 1IT06bI He YHTH, nO.llOOHO
1iepTBeuaM, 3a YXO.n.HIUH1f COJIHueM. CTpaHa
MepTBbIX, no BepOBaHIIH:\i ceMaHfOB, n01ielUaJIaCb
.., ,
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CTaBJIeHHH, HO YLKe 113 caMoro 6erJIor() 0630pa
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p0JK.):(eHbI KaKoM-HH6Y.lI.b OLJ:HOM peJIHrlleM, YCBoeH-
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..,
CXO:r.CTBO, BepOHTH(), B 3HaqHTeJIbHOH CTeneHH
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- .
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CTaBJIeHHH K BeqHO nOBTOpHIOlQeMYCH B HHX
COJIHe1:lH01IY i\1HCPY, OTHOCIIT CTpaHY CMepnl
B CTpaHY Be1Jepa H.,1JI H01IH, a axon B 3TY 06-
.iIaCTb - K BpaTaM COJIHeIHOro 3aKaTa. TI03T3M-
BapBapaM ca:\fblX OTJI.aJIeHHbIX cTpaH, BepOHTHO,
.n;OCTaTOqHO ObI.TJO B3r.'1HHYTb Ha 3ana.lI., qTOObI
np01:leCTb Ta:\I TY )J{e nOBeCTb 0 >K1I3HH H cMepTH
If npHMeHHTb ee K 1:IeJIOBeKy».4 -
ECJIH B 60JIbIlBiHCTBe cnY1:IaeB, iKaK l\-IbI
BH,1eJIII, CTpaHa MepTBbIX BnOJIHe JIOrHqHO no-
\1emaeTCH, TaKHM 06pa30M, Ha 3ana.lI.e, B 00-
,
JlaCTH. r,J;e 3aXOJI.IIT COJIHue, a :\'lepTBble oopa-
..
malOTCH rOJI()BOH IIMeHHO B 3TY CTOPOHY, TO
B 3THorpaqm:1JeCKHX aKTax 1tbI liMe.eM R TaKHe
npHMepbI, KOr.lI.a nOJIO}KeHae MepTBoro rOJIOBOH
Ha 3ana)]: 03Ha1:laeT, 1:ITO OH .lI.OJI>KeH ObIJI HITH
He Ha 3arra.n;, a B 06paTHYro CTOPOHY, Ha BOCTOK,
Ky.n.a CMOTI2.IiT CBOHMH rJIa3aMH.
J W. S C h mid t, YK. C01J., V, CTp. 785-786.
- . 2 Th. Pre u S 5, }'K. C01J.
3 9. T 9 H JI 0 p. IIepB06bITHaH K)'J1bTypa. .n., 1939;
CTp. 329.
4 Ta1 1Ke.
3.:I:eCb npe.lI.nOJI, araeTCSI 1:ITO MepTBblM BCTaHeT
II, He 060pal1IIBaHCb, npHlO nOH.lI.eT Bnepe.II.
K BOCXO.il.HlUeIY YT;JeHHeMY COlHll.Y.
B IO>KHOM AMepHKe ryapaMo HapmKalOT YMep-
lllHX, ClKHralOT HX 0pY>Kue II XOpOHHT IiX .'1IIUO;\1
Ha BOCTOK, KYlI.a HM HY)I{HO 6Y.Zl.eT HTTH.
OHH OO"bSICHSIIOT CBOU norpe6aJIbHble 06bI1IaH
II, B l1aCTHOCTH, oplleHT1lpOBKY MepTBb!X (Ol1e-
BH,QHO, rOJIOBOM Ha 3arraJL, «JIHUO:\<I Ha BOCTOK»)
TnI, 1:ITO IiX KYJIbTypHbIH repoM Ta.r"wII 6bIJI IIX
pO.J.OHa1IaJIbHHKOM, }KHJI !\-le}KJIY HH:\1H Ha 3eMJIe
H 3aTeM, nO.QHHBmHCb Ha He60, «CKpblJICH Ha
BOCTOKe», T. e. )KHBeT Ha BOCTOKe. BMeCTe
C 3ei\lJIelJ.e.,'JIIef OH nOJIO>KIIJI HalJaJIO If norpe-
6aJIbHbBI 06pHflaM. TaMOH «ooelQaJI nOIoraTb
cooeMY HapOll.Y Ha 3eMJIe R nepeHOCHTb HX nOCJle
CMepTH B .n;pyryIO }KH3Hb, r.lI.e oHH HaHJJ:YT CBOIIX
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6Y.J.YT BJIa,[(eTb TeM. 1:IeM BJIa.lI.eJIH Ha 3eMJIe». I
TYHrYCbI BOl:r.aH6HHCKoro paHOHa B CBOIO
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3e\IHOrO mpa B He6eCHble 0611TeJIH. «fp06
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3arpOOHbIii MHp naxo.n:HTCH He Ha BOCTOKe Mil
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T. e. xaHT3, KJIaJIH YMepwero B MOrHJIY HoraMH
Ha ceBep, nOToMY lTO, no HX npe.n.CTaBJIeHHHM,
Ha ceBepe HaXO.lI.IITCH naTJIaM, MpaK, 3arp06Hoe
lI.apCTBo. 4
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KJIaJIH MepTBbIX B MOrliJIY HoraMIi Ha ceBep, .
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COrJIaCHO BepOBaHHHM xaHT3, eCTb nTH1JKa, cno,
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TOLKe HBJIHeTCH COJIHellHOH CTpaHOM, BepXHli:\I.
a He HH>KHHM MlIpO1.
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6eHHH OCTaHKOB }KHBOTHbIX KaK .rr.HKHX, TaK II
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OTQrpeTb ClOp. TaKoro OJIeHSI Ha3bIBaJIH ap6a-
6bIT. !{JlH X03HikTBeHHbIX HY}KJI: ero He ynoTpeo-
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IIlHX H B COOTBeTCTBeHHbIX npe.lI.CTaB.'1eHIISIX
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:\1:bI BH;J;eJIH, KJIaJIH npH 3TOM CBonx YMepIIIIIX
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l1anpaBJIeHHH.
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TeJIbHO oplleHTllpOBKH HeOJIHTH1JeCKHX KOCTHKOB
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..
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B CTOPOHY 3aXOJI:HlQero CO..1Hua, C TeM, qT06bI
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DOMO KJlaJIH MepTBbIX I'OJIOBOH Ha lOr, eCJIH ax
nYTb BM K IOry. 2 MepTBbIX 3THX nJIeMeH BbIHO-
CHT TaK>Ke, 06bItJHO, 113 )KHJIHm.a Bnepe,i1 rOJIoBofI,
a He HoraMH. 3
Y.QCKHe T)"HrYCbI B XVIII B. TO}Ke BbIHOCH.'lIl,
no .rr.aHHbIM JIHH.lI..eHay, MepTBbIX rOJI\1BoiI Bnepe..1..
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BbIX H3 )mpa )J{HBbIX B 3arp06HbIM :\mp B TO!\I
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:\lafHtIeCKHX OOpH.lI.OB OXOTHHKOB H PbI6oJIOBOB,
I A. A. II 0 n 0 B. YCTHoe co06weHue.
2 w. S c h mid t, YK. C01J., V, CTp. 292.
3 «fOJIOBa nOKOHHHKa .llOJI1KHa 6bITf> Bce BpeMS! 06pa-
w.eHa K BbIXOl1.Y» (B. r. Eo rap a 3. qYKtlH. II. CTp. 184).
44*
I TaM 1Ke.
2 A. r. C a M 0 X H H. TYHrycbI Eo.naif6HHcKoro paHoHa.
CH6. )KHBaH CTapHH8, VIII-IX, CTp. 22.
3 npOT. II.. Co K O;I 0 B. CBsu.u.eHH3Si BCTOpHS1 HOBoro
3aBeTa. Cn6., 1901. CTp. 138-
4 B. E apT e H e B. IIorpe6aJlbHble 06hItJaH 06.nOPCKHX
OCTHKOB. )KHBaS! CTapHHa, 1895, III-IV, crp. 490.
5 YCTHoe co06m.eHHe H. n. nphIl1.KOBOH.
OTpa}KaIOlQIIX 011eHb .n;peBHHe BepOBaHHH. Do
cnoBaM A. A. nonoBa, .lI.O-,lraHbI, HanpliMep,
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L{YlllY CbIHa nepeHecHTe,
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148
'lACTb II. TIPHBAPIHAlhE B HEO.1HTIft.IECROE BPEMf!
rJIABA VII. CEPOBCIiHfI STAn
349
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npOIIIvIJO:\I, Bcero BepOHTHee. BbIllOJIHSIJI, KaK MbI
BH.lI.eJIH, ..1.yx orHH, )KeHCKOe 60>KeCTBO Toro
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«npe:>KHHX .lI.eJl.OB lllaraMH», «npe>K.HUX .n.e.QOB no
CJIen:aM», 3a6oTHCb 0 HIIX B nynl. «3aCTaB.TIH5I
pOBHee IIIaraTb», OT Bcero «xYJIoro» 06eper8H.
I r. M. B a C II "I e B II II. MaTepna.'Ibl no 3BeHK!fiicKOJY
(T1HqrCCKOMV) 4>OJIbK..'IOPY, CTp. 138-139.
Jr. Sf. ill T e p H 6 e p r. KYJIbT opJIa y cH6HPCKHX H2-
poilOB. C6apH. MA3, \T, 1925: Era >K e, «nepB06. pe:JH-
flffl'>. CTp. 122-125.
.>. A. A. non 0 B. TexHIIK8 Y Jl.o.."IraH. COB. 3TH orp a 4>JUI ,
1, 1937, CTp. 106-167, pHC. 13.
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roro 3BepH, YOHToro qe.;"'IOBeKOM. HerH.!I.3JIbl{bI 6bJ.IIH YBe-
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2 )KIIBafi CTapIIHa, 1914, I-II, np. 95.
j M. E. ill a T H JI 0 B. BaxoBcKHe OCTHKH (3rnorpa4>H-
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1931, CTp. 101. ·
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CBOeM CHHTa, TbI cnYCTIIIllbCSI Ha CKJIOH ropbl,
nopoclllefi JIHCTBeHHblM JIeCOM. H nOllelllb no .n.o-
pore, YKa3aHHoM Ha?\-IH.
«. . .TaK TbI nOM.lI.eIllb, a no .1.opore YBHJI.HIIIb
CJIejI, LKHBOTHoro: HMKII napHble II MeHbillero
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Mllp. l1MeeTcH 3.lI.eCb H MHpoBoe .n.epeBo, 03Ha-
qalOII.J.ee .lI.opory B BepxHIIM MIIP, no KOTopoM ny-
TeIIlecTBYIOT .lI.YIlIH Me.lI.Be)I,eH. HeJIb3H He OTMe-
TIITb n03TOMY H eII.J.e HeKOTopbIe 1:IaCTHWe, HO OT
,
3Toro eIll.e OOJIee pa3lITeJIbHWe, 1JepTbI CXOjlCTBa
...
OOp5iAHOCTH Me.II.Be>KbHX nox-opOH C 06p5I.J.HOCTblO
noxopOH 1:IeJIOBeKa.
.M.eABeJI.H, K3-K 113BeCTHO, C'be.n.aIOT BO BpeMH
npa3.lI.HII'Ka, HO 3aTe:\1 TII.J.aTeJIbHO co6npalOT Bce
ero KOCTII II XOpOHHT IIX. Y p5l,!J.a OTCTaJIbIX Ha-
I TaM >Ke.
2 JI. 51. m T e p H 6 e p r, ct'). a::nepBol'SblTlIaH pemfTIm
B ceeTe 3THorpa<}>HH». JI., 1936, CTp. 39-40.
3 TaM >Ke.

350
tJACTb II. nPHBAPlHA.fJbE B HEO.1HTHl1ECl\OE BPE?-tR
r.1JABA VII. CEPOBCI\HPI 3TATI
351
pOJI.OB 3eMHOrO IIIapa B JI.peBHOCTIi II ,Ua:>Ke B
CpaBHHTeJIbHO HeiI.aBHee BpeMH TpynbI MepTBbIX
C'be;r:aJIIi IIX pO.J.CTBeHHHKH, a 3aTe:\I TmaTeJIbHO
XOpOHII.llH KOCTII, OKa3bIBaH 111\1 pllTyaJlbHoe
nOl1HTaHHe. 3TO 6bI.rro B HX r JI33aX He aKTO:\'I
RapBapCTBa, a BblpaLKeHIIe11 JII06BH II npe)I.aH-
HOCTH YlepllIeMy.l
TaK nocTynaJIII He TOJIhKO ceBepo-a:\-lepIiKaH-
CKHe llH;I,efIl\bI, :nuneJIll MaJIaKKH HJ1H ABCTpa-
JIIIH, HO II ..J.peBHHe l\taCCareTbI H .apeBHlH
IIpJIaH]1.QhI H 6plITTbI.
AHaJIOrHl1HOa YllaCTli ;uepTBeu.bl lIJIlI, BepHee,
IIX .lI.YIIIII nO.lI.BepraJIHCb H Ha TO\1 CBeTe. Y }KH-
TeJIen Me..1aHe311H CYIll.ecTBOBaJIO npeZJ:CTaBJIeHHe,
tITO .lI.YIIIII npe:>K,Qe YMepmlIX Hanai1.aIOT Ha BHOBb
npIIXO.iJ,HmylO .lI.YIIIY, pa3pbIBaIOT ee Ha 1:IaCTH, a
3aTeM CHOBa CK.ila,lI.bIBaIOT H O)KHBJIHIOT. Ec..1JH
Ta:\-1 HaXO.lI.HTCH .nYIIIa KaKoro-JIH60 l1e.JIOBeKa
 '
OOHLKeHHoro npH }K1I3HII JI.YIIIOH: npHIIIeJIbua, OHa
MO:>KeT OTO.\ICTHTb. ,l{ocTaT01:lHO B35ITb H cnpHTaTb
KaKYIO-JIII60 l1aCTb pa30paaHHoa .lI.YIIIII, 1:IT06bI
nocneAHHH OK33aJIaCb HCKaJIeqeHHOH B Mllpe
MepTBbIx. 2
He :\IeHbillero BHH.\laHHH B 3TO.\1 OTHOIIIeHHH
3aCJIY}KIIBaeT H TOT cpaKT, 1:ITO nOCJIe OXOTbI Ha
MeJI,Be1(H H BO Bpe:\1SI Me.iJ.Be)KbHX noxopOH
TYHrYCbI-OXOTHHKH 06bIKHOBeHHO KpHllaJIH, KaK
BOpOHbI. TaKoe 06bIKHOBeHlie 06'bHCHHeTC5I B JIH-
TepaType, KaK Bb13BaHHoe CTpe-fJIeHHe.\1 1I36a-
BHTb ce6H 01' rpo3HUJ.eM 3a y611MCTBO 60}KeCTBeH-
Horo 3BepH OTBeTCTBeHHOCTH, 06MaHYTb ero,

OTBeCTH BIIHY OT ceOH H nepeJIO}KHTb ee Ha BO.
pOHOB, HK06bI y611BIIlHX MeJtBe.n.H H BbIKJIeBaBIIIIIX
eMY r.lla3a.
Ho B ;I.eikIBIITe..ibHOCTH KOpHH 3Toro OObIqa5J.
.'le)KaT ropa3.J.O rJIy6LKe. 06 3T011 CBH;I.eTeJIb-
CTBYIOT .nPyrHe <}JaKTbI, npHMo YKa3bIBalOmHe Ha
OC06yIO pOJIb BOpoHa B peJIlirlI03HbIX npe.iJ.cTaB-
JIeHH.sIX cH6HPCKHX TI.1IeMeH, CBH3aHHblX C norpe-
6aJIbHbIM KYJIbTOM Ii C!llepTbIO.
TIo .iJ.8HbL\1 C. MHpoHoBa, y npe.lLKoB cOBpe-
MeHHoro HaCeJIeHIIH KaM1:IaTKH BOpOH CllHTaJICH
«c:\IepTenpe.n.BecTHHKoM». no ero C-.i'IOBa.\l, «npe.!1.-
KH qaYl1Bay BepHJIH, llTO BOpOHbI .\lOrYT
npe;I.CKa3aTb cMepTb».3
O.rrHH HKYTCKHH llIal\laH Ha BIIJIlOe paccKa3bI-
BaJI A. A. TIonoBY 0 nOJIYlleHIIH 11M «maMaHCKoro
.n.apa». «3RMOIO, B 'OAHR H3 'TenJIbIX .!I.Hell H Bep-
XO:\f Ha OJIeHe noexaJI pa3bICKHBaTb CBOHX OJIe-
HeM. Bpe.\UI 6JIH311JIOCb K HOqM; B.n:Pyr H TIOl1YB-
CTBOBaJI CHJIbHbIM YJI.ap B cnHHY Hell3BeCTHO OT
l1beM PYKH; Bee TeJIO npOHII3aJIOCb XOJIO}.{O:\I,
C.ll0BHO KTO 06JIHJI JIe)I.HHOH BO.nOM. TIO.IlHSIB ro-
.'lOBY BBepx, H YBH.lI.eJI Tpex BOpOHOB, OJI.IIH 6bIJI
C 6e.aoH rOJIOBOIO, JI.pyroM necTpblH, 8 TpeTJiM
06bIKHOBeHHbIM l1epHbIM. 3 allHTepecoB8BIIlHCb
neo6bIl1aMHOCTbIO 3Toro HB.'leHIiH, H tl:0 Toro 3a-
I CM. MHoroqHC-'IeHHble npHMephl B YK83aHHOH pa60Te
JI. 51. IIhepHoepra «3BOJ11OI!HH pe.'IHrH03Hblx BepoBaHHH»
(CTp. 328-329).
2 H. X a p y 3 H H. 3THorpa<}>HH, IV, CTp. 245.
3 C. M H P 0 HOB. llOI{.'Ia;J. 0 npOHCXO}K,neHHH HapO!I.HO-
CTeH KaMllaTKH. JI., 1949.
fJIHneJICH, l1TO 3aKpymll.TIaCb rO.'lOBa, OTl1erO,
TepHH C03HaHHe, yrra.'l Ha 3e:\wIO. na;:I:aH, YC.;'1bI-
IIIa.:l l1eH.ro rOJIOc: "OKa3bIBaeTCH, 3JI.eCb TOT,
KOTOpOro HCKaJIH"».l 3aTe!\l c"le.!lyeT 06bIl1HbIH

paCCKa3 00 HCTH3aHHH, T. e. Y.\leplUfuleHIIH
IIIaMaHa .n.yxaMH. MHCTHl1eCKast «CMepTb» ma-
!I-IaHa 3.lI.eCb HenOCpe.lI.CTBeHHO CBH3aHa, TaKIIM
,.,
Oopa30f, C nOHBJIeHHeM BeCTHIiKOB CMepTH -

YXOB B OOpa3e BOpOHOB.
TIpeJI.CTaBJIeHHe 0 CBH3H BOpUtla C0 rvHpTbJO
HaIllJIO He MeHee HpKoe BblpameHue H B 1:IYKOT-
CKOtl,! norpe6aJIbHOM 06pHJI.e, na 3TOT pa3 yme
He CBH3aHHOM C IIIa:\1aH3:\1II, a C noxopOHaMH
06bIKHOBeHHbIX pH.nOBbIX JIIO..::I:eM. 1.JYKOTCKHM 06bl-
1:1aM, C06JIfO.lI.aBIIlHMcH BO Bper.m noxopoH, TeM
lIHTepeCHee, qTO OH B TOl1HOCTII cooTBeTcTByeT
TyHrycoKO1Y OXOTHH1:IbeMY 06bIKHoBeHHIO Kap-
KaTb npll 06bIl1e Me.1.Be.lI.H.
Bo BPNISI noxopoH l1YK1:IH TPH pa3a KapKa.'lH,
nO.lI.pa}Ka.sI OOPOHY, HJIII JIaHJIII, KaK JIHca. «3TO
eu1JaeTCH JI.JIH Toro, llT06bI CKpbITb ce6fl OT ReJIe
11 BbUI.3Tb ce65I 3a BOpOHOB l1.JlU Jl11C11IJ.y».2
Ha ca:\fOM .lI.e.rre II 3.n;eCb KOpHH 3a:\JeQeHHOrO
B. r. Boropa30M cpaKTa TO)Ke JIe}KaT ropa3JI,0
,.,
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D;OMIITeJIHMH. .
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CKoro !\mpOB033peHIIH, B KOTOpO:\1 Be.nymee 3Ha-
qeHlle npHHa.lI.JIe}KIIT Hnee 0 npoTHBOnOJIOJKHOCTH
II B3alI:\iHoH 6oPb6e .II.BYX Hal1aJI - Bepxa, OJIH-
LleTBopeHHoro nTIiLlaMH, H H1I3a, OJIHlI.eTBOpeHHoro
Ha3eMHbIM JKIIBOTHbIM. 3.lI.eCb, CJIeJI.oBaTeJIbHO,
c6HapY:>KHBaIOTCH 1:IepTbI o6mHx HJ1.eM II BbITe-
KalOIIl.ero H3 HliX norpe6aJIbHOrO pliTYaJ1a, OlJ,H-
HaKOBOro KaK .lI.JISI JIIO.n:eii, TaR II nJIH 3BepeM.
He CTOJIb HCHbIe, HO Bee }Ke .n:OCTaTOl1HO OTl1eT-
.TIHBbIe, CJIeLI.bI OT}lelleHHbiX B033peHRH. o6Hapy-
)KHBaIOTCH H B TOM Kpyre peJIlIrH03HblX npeJI.-
'" '"'
CTaBJIeHHII CHonpCKHX nJIeMeH, KOTopbIe
HenOCpe.lI.CTBeHHO OKPY1K3IOT JIHl1HOCTb III8MaHa,
KaK ll.eHTpaJIbHOrO JIHll.a III8:\'faHHCTHQeCKOrO
KYJIbTa, COe,!lIIHHIOlUero B ceoe 1Kpell.a - nocpe.!{-
HHKa Me}K.!l.Y 1\mpO1 .iJ.YXOB Ii MHpOM JIIO.lI.eM,
:\IeLKlJ.Y 3eMJIeH, He60M II npeHcno.nHeH, 3am.HT-
HHKa CopO.lI.Hl1eM OT rp03HIll.IIX HM OTOBCIO.n.y 6e.n:,
.:leKapH, a BleCTe C TeM n03Ta, XY.IlO}KHHKa II
aKTepa B MRCTHqeCKOH ..n.paMe.
I1cCJIe.u.OBaTeJIH IIIaMaHCTBa onHCbIBaBIIIlie
'" '
IlIa:\IaHCKIIII KOCTIO:\I, HOOlJ.HOKpaTHO 06pama..TIH
BHJ{:'vIaHHe Ha TOT JII060nbITHbIM clJaKT, qTO Ha
He?\I, Ha MeCTe COOTBeTCTBYIOIllIIX qaCTeM 1eJIa,
ID'leIOTCH MeTaJIJIHl1eCKlie .lI.eTaJIH, H306pa}K alO mlie
He PYKH llJIII HOf!1, a TOJIbKO KOCTH HII:>KHHX H
BepXHHX HaKOHeqHOCTeM. KOCTIO:M IIIaMaHa, CII:\I-
BOJIH1:IeCKH H306pa:>KaBIIIHH ero .KaK cymecTBo
cBepx'becTecTBeHHoM nplipOJI.bI, 03Ha1:laeT, TaKH)I
06pa30M, He 06bIKHOBeHHoro )KHBOrO qe.TIOBeKa,
a «KOCTHK », «CKeJIeT», OCTOB MepTBell.a.
I A. A. non 0 B, nO.'IytJeHHe cIUaMaHCKoro ,,!{apa»
Y BH.YJIOHCKHX HKYTOB. Tp. MHCT. 3THorpa<pHH AKail. HaYK
CCCP, HOB. cepHH, T. II, .M.-JI., 1947, crp. 286.
2 B. r. Eo r 0 p a 3. t.JYKqH, II, CTp. 187.
T aKoe OTO}KeCTBJ1eHlIe maMaHa C :\-lepTBell.OM
BnOoilHe 3aKOHHO II 'lOrWIHO C TOl1KII 3peHHH no-
C.TIe.:r.OBaTeJIbHOrO II1a:\-raHHCTa, TaK KaK y Bcex
IIIa:\IaHIICTOB IIIaMaH HBJIHeTCH noCpe.J.HIIKO:\f
MeJ:!J!Y MHpOM :>KHBbIX JIIO;r.ei1 H MnpOM MepTBblx;
'" 
OTnpaBJl5151Cb B llHOH !\.lllp. OH KaK ObI Ii C3M
HCnbITbIBaeT Yl1aCTb :\lepTBbIX. EO.1Jee Toro, era.
nOHBJIeHHe B HII)KHe::\I MHpe JI.JIH 0611TaTeJIei1 no-
CJIe,[l,HerO paBHOCHJ1bHO nOHBJIeHIIIO :\tepTBeQa
cpeJJ:1 :>KHBbIX. 06bIKHOBeHHbIe 06HTaTe..1Jll Toro

CBeTa He BIEIHT ero, HO 3aOOJIeBalOT aT e.:r.HHCT-
BeHHoro nplIKOCHOBeHIISI npUIIIeJIbQa. T OJlbKO
.'lHIlIb IIIa:\-laHbI Taro CBeTa )lorYT 3al\IeTHTb
'"'
l1YLKe3elIQa Jf nOKa3aTb e:\'IY .l.J.opory oopaTHO, TaK
IKe KaK .J.e..laIOT 3TO pea1JbHbIe 3eJUlble IIlaMaHbI
B CBOHX Kay(.1JaHHSIX npll H3JIel1eHlIH 60JIbHbIX
JIIO.'J:eii:, CTaBIIIIIX )KepTBOM npllIIleJIbueB- .J.YXOB.
06paTHO-B3aIDmoe OTHOIIleHIIe He6a II 3e:\I.TIH
JJ.pyr K .J.pyry, K3K COBepllleHHO p3BHonp3BHbIX II
B:\IeCTe C Te:\1 npOTliBOnOJIO}KHbIX MlIpOB, npeBO-
CXO,.lHO Bblpa}KeHO , KCTaTH, B 3aMel1TeJIbHO:\I
KaM1:IaaaJIbCKOM MllclJe. «KortLa He6eCHbIlf: 60r
I3HTIlOl1eM nepeTaCKHBaeT CBOH JIO;r,KH H3 peKH no
KaMeHIICTOMY .zr:HY Ha 6eper, JIIO.lI.ll c.'lblIIIaT rpO:M
Ha He6e. Ho 3aTO, KOrJI.a 3TO ;I.eJIaIOT .1JIO,lI,H, Ha
,., '"
Heoe B CBOIO 011epe,ab CJIbIllIliTCH TaKOH )Ke CHJIb-
HbIU rpO.\I, 60r BHJIlOqeM nyraeTcH II B TaKoe
BpeMH 3anpemaeT CBOIIM .lI.eTHM nOKH,ilaTb IOPTbI».i
Pa3 IIIaMaH HB.TIHeTCH rOCTeM Toro MHpa H co-
YQaCTHIiKOM cYJ1.b6bI ero 06I1TaTe.."'1eM, TO, eCTe-
CTBeHHO, 1:ITO OH H Ha caMOM .lI.eJIe, Ha.':{eB CBOM
KOCTlOl, SIBnHeTCH «TeHblO», tIJleHOM «3arpo6Horo
:\mp a».
MHCTHlleCKaH KYJ1bTOBaH cY.lJ.b6a lIlaMaHa MO-
)KeT n03TO:\IY 6pOCIITb CBeT II Ha cY.Qb6y }lepT-
BbIX. B CneQHaJIbHOa JIllTeparype pa3.TIHl1HbDill
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MHCTHl1eCKOe paCl1.TIeHeHHe, paCCel1eHUe TeJIa
IIIaM8Ha, C}fepTb ero II nO}KllpaHlie ;:ryxa:\m
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IIIaM8Ha, COeJI;IIHHIOT llX B npeLKHe:\f nOp.HJI.Ke II
BOCKpeIIIaIOT IIIaMaHa. TOJIbKO nOCJIe cMepTM II
BocKpeceHHH IIIaMaH npllo6peTaeT CBOH l1Y,ileCHhlfi
::I.ap 11 M-orymecTBo. 2
3a)1el1aTe.T1bHO npn 3TOM, 1:ITO II 3,QeCb CHOBa
nOHB.TIHfOT.CH BOpOHbI, C KOTOpbll\IH CBH3aHa
«CMepTb» IlIaMaHa. nOCJIe 3Toro nOCJIe):(OBaJIO
HCTH3aHHe 6Y.lI.ym.ero IIIaMaHa: ero 6mm BepeB-
KaMH II peMHHMII, B TeJIO ero BnHBa.ilHCb ra.l1.bI.
Ero o6:\-faKHBa..11I B KpoBHHble crycTKII. On 3Ci-
X1Je6bIBa1cH B KpOBH, cocaJI rpY.lI.b 1:Iy;:r.OBIUl.{-
HOM cTapyxH. EMY BbIKaJIbIBaJIII rJIa3a, npocBep-
JIHJIII YIIIH. HaKoHeu, Te..1JO ero pa3pe3aJIH Ha
KYCKH H YJi01KHJlH B 1KeJIe3HYlO KOJIb16eJIb. 3 Po-
"
;.J,HBIlIHCb K HOBOII )KH3HH, IIla::\18HbI BocnUTLI-
\ c. n. K p a III e H H H H H K 013. OmlCCJHHe 3eM.fJH KaM-
G:aTKH. - SteBer. Beschreibung vom Lande Kamtschatka,
CTp. 79.
2 H. n. JJ.. bI P e H K 0 B a. nO.1yqeFHe !11aMaHCKoro .!I:apa
no B033peH1Hni TypeI!KHX nJIeMeH. CCOpH. MA3, IX, 1930.
CTp. 267-293.
3 TaM me.
.
BaIOTCH, KaK II .n.YXII y='1epIIIHx, no npe.':{cTaB1Je-
HUH::'.I HaHafiueB, B fHe3.1ax Ha BeTBHX l\1HpOBoro
..IIla:\laHCKoro» JIepeBa, r,J,e 0 HIIX 3a60THTcH
300MopqmbIe :\laTepn-3BepH, 1:IaCTO B 06.:1HKe JIOCH
II.1M o.!{eHH. 3aTe:\1 OHH CHOBa B03pO)K;I.310TCH Ha
3et.m.e n Ha"lumalOT 3e:MHYI{) )Kl-l3Hb.
3Ta Bo06pa)K3e:\laH cY.II.b6a IIIaMaHa B CBOIO
01:lepe,J.b nOBTOp5IeT BeCb Kpyr II.rr.et'I, CBH3aHHbIX
C 06IIl.eIBBeCTHbIMII 06p5I.lJ.a:\1lI IIHHlI.HaQHU, Yl1aCT-
HHKII KOTOpbIX rrOABepraIOTCSI IICTH3aHIIHM, II
6Y,!lTO 6bI YMepmBJIHIOTCH, npOrJIaTbIBalOTCH l1Y.rr. o -
BElUeM, a 3aTe).1 CHOBa p0)K;J.aIOTCH 11M Ha CBeT
u '"'
II BOCKpecalOT K HOBOH )KH3HH, nO,'J.OOHO IOHOIY
BOcxo.:r.HIlie:\IY COJIHUY, 1
npHJfbIX II HaCTOHlllIIX 06pH,IOB TEna IIHHlI.Ha-
IU1ii y KopeHHbIX Hap0..10B Cn611pH He BCTpe1.:J.eHO,
110 OL\lel1eHHbIe lIlalIaHCKHe JIereH)I.bI H KY.'lbT
5lCHO nOKa3hIBa1OT, 1.:J.TO OHH 1I:\lelOT IIX B cBoeii
oeHOBe.
lllaMaHbI, CJIe)I.OBaTeJIbHO, B CIIJIY CBoero
oco60ro rrOJl0)KeHIIH, .!lOHeC.llH .rr.o H3IIlero Bpe-
:\oIeHII npe.rr.cTaB.7JeHHH, CBH3aHHbIe C 06pH.:r.aMIi
HHlIQlIaQHM II, c"lJe.n:OBaTeJIbHO, CO Bce:\1 Te::\-I KPY-
ro?\-J rrepB06bITHbIX HlI.efi, KOTOpbIM OXBaTbIBaJI

CTHOIIIeHHe nepBOObITHOrO l1e..1JOBeKa K C:\1epTH II
noxopoHaM.
Kpyr HaIIIllX nOHCKOB, TaKH:\1 06pa30M, 3aMKHYT.
.NlbI CHOBa BepHY.1JIICb K Hal1a..1Y, K IICTOKaM
norpe6aJIbHOro KYJIhTa Hap0.:'10B CH6np11, n Ha-
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3HaKoMbIX Ha:\-I 5IBJIeHHM. HeOJIUTlIl1eCKaH noxo-
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pOHHaH OOPSUI.HOCTb, 5IBllSlIOIllaSlCSI 3aBeprneHRe),{
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3aHHbIX co BCe1\I CTpoeM nOHHTUH H !\mpOB03-
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Jim3Hb H C:\lepTb He OT;:{e..1eHbI .u.pyr OT .rr.pyra
Henepexo,J,HMoM rpaHblO; l1TO :\1Hp LKIIBbIX II MHp
MepTBblx TeCHO CB513aHbI .lI.pyr C 2I:pyroM.
CBH3b 3Ta 3aKJl101.:J.aeTC5J. B T01\I, q'fO c":\olepTb
tleJIOBeKa lIu11I 3BepSI 03Hal1aeT HX pO:>K,QeHHe I{
u .
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Horo 1:Ie..'lOBeKa 6bI.TIO co...TJHlI.e, e}Ke.n:HeBHO «y:\m-
palOmee» Ha 3ana.lI.e, a 3aTeM CHOBa nOHBJIHIO-
l.l!eeCH Ha BOCTOKe.
B YC.lJOBHSIX MaTeplIHCKoro pOJI.a, re ll.eH-
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I K. Th. Pre us s. Tod und UnsterbIichkeit im I Glau-
ben der Natmvo\ker. Tubingen, \930, CTp. 10-16.-
B. 51. n p 0 n n. MCTopHtteCKHe KOpHH BOJIIlle6HOH CKa3KH.
n., 1946.

352
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crp. 148.
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"
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TaK>Ke, KaK r.,'1y60KO 3a6JIY:>K,:1.a.,'1CH aKa)!.
H. 51. Mapp ,a,ame U Tor.a.a, KOr;'1.a nbITaJIC5I npe-
O;I.O.ileTh BJmSIHne B3fJISI.il.0B., BocnpHHHTbtX nl OT
.T1eBll-BplO.rlH.
BMeCTO Toro, l1To6bl nOMTH no nYTH, YKa3aH.
HOMY B. 11. JIeHHHblM, no nyrn MarepHaJlHCTIP'Ie-
CKOH .rr.HaJIeKTHKH, H. 51. Mapp B pH:.II.e CBOHX pa-
60T npeYBe.TJHqMBa.n: 3Ha1:leUIIe MH<l>0..10rHl1eCKOM
cpaHTaCTJfKH Ii Manm, oT6pacbIBaH B CTOPOHY Bee
60raTCTBO peaJI,HCTHl1eCKHX npeCTaBJIeHHH, ro1J-
HbIX, pOJI.eHHbIX H npOBepHeMblX TpY.lI.OBOii
np3KTHKOH, peaJIbHbIX 3H3HIIll nepB06bITHoro lIe-
.10BeKa.
1 B. 11. .n. e Ii If H. <1>1I:-:(IocpCKl1e -ceTpaJJ;lI. 1936, CTp_ 193.
2 TaM JKe CTp_ 113.

;54
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VII) CepoBo (norpe6eHlle J\& 4); VIII) .nep. Pac-
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95 TbICH1:I. TaKoBa rrOpa3HTe..rIbHaH np01:lHOCTb
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1:IeM KBapll., HO ero BH3KOCTb, HeYHHl1TO>KaeMOCTb
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Ka}K.u.oro TaKoro Y.lI.apa IICKpbI rpa.lI.OM CbIllaJIHCb
BO Bce CTOpOHbI H OTJIeTa.rra qaCTb MOJIOTKa, a
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HOB a B 1921 r., nOKa3aJI, 'ITO y.n.e.TJbHbIH Bec nx Ko.'1e6-
JIeTCH OT 2.95 11.0 3.0, TBepn.ocTb OT 6 11.0 6.5. npH'leM
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,n:OCTH 3e.1eHoro. 3aTo Ylle.IJbHbJii Bec 6e.nbIX He<ppIiTOB
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sem.aM H pe3Y1bTaTbl HX nCnbITaHHH B rOpHOTeXm'leCKOfi
na60paTopHH npH npoMpa3Be;J:Ke». (KollHH OllHCH xpa-
BHTCH B ApxHBe HHMK AKaJ{. HaYK CCCP, JIeHHHrpa.n:)J.
2 CH6. COB. 3 HI.{IiJ<.,10ne.n:HH , III, HOBOCH6HPCK, 1932,
CTp. 751.
:3 A. E. cI> e p C M a H. CaMoueeTbI POCCHH, T. I. nrp.,
1921, CTp. 86.
4 H. H. B H TKO B C K Ii ii. OTIIeT 0 paCKOllKe MorH.T}
KaMeHHoro BeKa B HPKyTCKoii ry6. H3B. BCOprO, T. XIII,
M 1-2, 1882, CTp. 32.
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N!! 2, CTp. 80-81.
3 George T. Em m 0 n s. Jade in British Columbia
and Alaska, and its Use by the Natives. Indian Notes
and Monographs. ed. by F. \V. Hodge, N 35. A series of
Publications relating to the Amer. aborigines N. Y. Mus.
of the Amer. Indian. Heye Foundation, 1923. CTp. 20.

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o .lI.3.1JbHeHIIIeM nporpeCCHBHOM pa3BIITHH Tex-
HHKH o6pa 60TKH KaM'HH MOLKHO CY.lI.HTb no Me.H-
I E m m on s, YK: -COtI., CTp. 22-24.
2 H. B. M Y III K e TO B. 3aMeTKa 0 He<ppHTe H 1KalI.eHTe
C - BOcro'lHOro nallHpa, fhB.. pro, T. XXV, BI:m. VII,
, 1898, cTp. 60.
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:\fbfMU KOPOTKHMIJ), KaK Y}Ke OTMe118..TIOCb, aH3-
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HIfKa Ha YKpaHHe.
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BaeT KaK ObI ,Ka-Klfe-TO npoTHBOpel1UBbIe TeH.AeH-
I1.IIH, TO TeXHHKa o6pa60TKH 'KOCTH B UeJIO:\l rrO:1-
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BOOOIll.e flBJIHIOTCH, Hanpm,.[ep, H.3ymTe.rrbHble
KOCTHHble ,Bem.H 'H3 norpe6eHlfH J\2 1 Y .rr.ep. Pac-
nYTMHo. PaBHbIx IIl\'1 HeT, nom:aJIyli, BO Bcex
.n.pyrux HeOJIHTW.leCKI1X KY.J'lbTypax CH6l1pn li co-
ce,aHHX 06J1aCTeH.'
Oc060e II3HIUeCTBO 3THJ\.I BeffiaM npH.rr.aeT KaJ<
...
oe3ynpe"4Ha5i n(}JBp()BKa HX TIOBepXHOCTH, TaR 11
TIll.aTeJIbHO BbIllo.r!HeHHbIti: opHaMeHT, HecpaBHeHHO
, u  u
OOJIee CJIOmHbIH H ooraTbIH, 1:ICM paHbllIe.
B ,norpe6eHIIHx KHToi'fCKoro Tnna BnepBblC no-
HBJISIIOTCH TaKlKe H31eJIIIH, YKa3bIBaIOI..U.He Ha yco-
BepmeHCTBQBaHHe cnOCOOOB o6pa60TKll .lI.epeBa, -
B 06JIaCTH H3rOTOBReHHSI .u.peBKOB CTpen. 3TO-
nOjJYUIfJIIfH;I.plfqeCKHe 6pYCKH H3 neCIlaHHKa C
npO.J,OjJbHbIM )f{OJI060M Ha nJIOCKOH CTOpOHe.
(pHC. 107). OHH 06HapY)f{eHbI B norpe6eHIIII N2 2
(1880 r.) KHToHcKoro MOrHJIbHMKa, B norpe6emm
N2 1 Ha I..LHKJIOpO}le H B O,il;HOH MOrl1.11e Y ,il;ep.
PacnYTHHo, npll1JeM BO Bcex CJIYl1aHX pacrrOJIara-
.1JHCb norrapHo.l CJIO}KeHHbIe BMecTe rrJIOc.KHMH
cTopoHa:.\UI, TaKHe 6PYCKH o6pa3YIOT BH)'TPH npo-
.!lO..lJbHbIH }I{e.TIo60K. <PopMa H pa3MepbI nOJ1YIUI-
JIHH.rr.PHIJecKHx 6PYCKOB .lJ3 KHTOMCKHX norpe6eHHll
aHa..TlOrIJ1lHbI pa3MepaM II 4>opMe TaKHX }Ke M3.lI.e-
.I1HH H3 necIJaHHKa, 1f3BeCTHbIX H3 norpe6euHii
paHI'IeI'O 6poH30Boro BeKa IOra POCCHJ-I H pyrllx
cTpaH. O.ll.H-HaKOBbJM 6bIJIO, OQeBHHO, H Ha3HaIJe-
fIHe .3THX H3.lI.eJIIiH. B. A. ropO.rr.lI.OB, KaK H3BeCTHO,
CqllTaJI TaKHe 6pYC01fKM «JIHTe'HHbI1H 4>OplOlI-
lKaMU», B KOTOpblX OT..i'IHBa..."'IHCb );le!I.Hble npYTHKH-
3aroToBKII, H OTHOCHJI Ha 3TO.\f OCHOBaHIIIJ Bce
rraMHTHHKH, B KOTOpblX OHH BCTpelIaJlHCb, K na-
JIeo);leTaJIJUI1:leoKOH moxe.2 Er() B3f.>IS(J,bI, O.II,HaKO,
I H. 11. B H TKO B C K I! H. I(paTKHH OTtIeT 0 paCKonKe
:\IOI'HJIbI KaMeHHoro rrepHo.na B HpK)'TCKOH' ry6, 113B..
BCOPfO, XI, 1\fl 3-4, 1880, CTp_ 4, Ta6.1J. 4. pHC. 3.
2 B. A. fop 0 ;J; U 0 B. Pe3YJIbTaTbI apxeo.1JoniqecKHx HC-
c.1JeltOaaaHH B BaxMYTCKoM Ye3.ne. Tp. XIII Apxeo.n.

364
qACTb II. nPHE_-\rJKA.ibE B HEO.1HTIIQECKOE BPE:\-IR
i'.lABA \"III. liHTOHCI-m:n STAn
365
BCTpen1J1H 060CHOBaHHbie H cepbe3Hble B03pa>Ke-
HUH co CTOpOHbl pH,!{a Hcc..1e.]{>BaTeJIefl. 130.7Ib-
IIlIlHCTBO nOCllel{HHX cnpaBe.J2IHBO onpe.rrelSIeT
nO;:J:06HbIe H3.iI.e..1Hfl, KaK JIOmIIJIa HJIH rJIall.H.."Ib-
HHKH JI..I1H .rr.peBKOB CTpe.rr.l TaK HX Ha3bIBalOT II
aMepHKaHCKHe aBTopbI t onHCbIBaIOlliHe 3TH
arrowshaft smoothers WIll shaft polishers B
CBOHX pa60Tax. B cTapllHHbIX HH,!{eikKHx rrorpe-
6eHHHx OHU TO}Ke qaCTO BCTpel1aIOTCSI H 06JIa-
lI.aIOT Tamnm )I(e pa3:\1epaMH, KaK B EBponeHcKoH
l1aCTH CCCP II B CH6HpH II T01:lHO TaK }Ke BCTpe-
Y'aIOTCH napa:\IM. B OAHOM ll3 cTapHHHbIX nOCeJIe-
HDR He6pacKH, HanpDMep, 6b1JIa Hall l.eHa napa
TaKIiX JIOIIlHJI HJIH, BepHee, nOJIOBJIHOK, B:\1eCTe.
OHH IIMeJIH OBaJIbHYIO $aPMY, .D:JIIiHa HX 6bIJIa
60 M:\'f t mHplIHa 40 i\Df. 06e rrOJIOBIIHKH JIOlll.HJIa
HMeJIH npHMoR 10-MHJIJIHMeTpOBbIH >KeJIOOOK
B QO.Tlb D.ilOCKIIX CTOpOH. 2 MaTepHaJIOM )1.JIH H3fO-
TOBJIeHH5I HX B A)feplIKe TaK}Ke CJIY)I(HJI 06bI1:IHbIM
,., u
aopa3HBHbUf laTepHa.."I KaMeHHoro BeKa - ne-
(;lIaHMK. KaK rrOJIaraIOT, BO BpeMH pa60TbI MX
JI.ep>KaolTH :B PYKe C.TJO>KeHHbIMH napO:H: TaK, 1:IT06bI
npOL{OJIbHbIe MeJIo6KII 06pa30BbIBalIH IlHJIHH,1.pH-
qeCKIiH KaHaJI t OOOTBeTCTB)'IOmHH .lI.Ha:\leTpy
ApeBKa CTpe..lbl. 3aTeM, nOMecTHB .rrpeBKO CTpeJILI
B KaHaJIe, JI.BHraJIH .TJOmHJIO BBepx II BHH3. IlplI
3TOM .lI.peBKO He TOJIbKO Bblr.TJa>KHBaJIOCb B pe-
3Y.TJbTaTe 11.BII)l{eHHSI 1:Iepe3 KaHaJI KaK 6bI IIPH
nocpe.nCTBe Ha>KJ1aqHOH op..larll, HO H BbI-
npHIlH.TJOCb OT CBoeM eCTeCTBeHHOH KpIlBH3HbI. 3
TaKoe 06'bHCHeHHe OCHOBaHO Ha 3THorpa<pJI1Ie-
CKIIX .rr.aHHbIX. TIo CJ1()Baf O. M330Ha, O;l:HOrO
H3 JIYlImHX 3HaTOKOB :\1aTepnaJIbHOH Ky..1bTypbI
ceBepO-aMepHKaHCKHX HHll.eMueB, ..1.peBKH CTpeJJ
H:rOTOB"lHJIIiCb H3 TpOCTHHKa (Phragmites vulga-
ns) If HBOBbIX npYTbeB. J{JIHHa HX 6bIJIa OKO.;10
3.5 <PYT. Cpe3aHHbIe .J:peBKH CYIIlHJIIi H BbmpH;\I-
JUl JIli nepe n. orHeM. «B npouecce Bbmp5BlJIeHlUJ
C"be3.l{a, 1905, CTp. 22-229; 0 H )K e. Ky.'lbTYPbI 6pOH-
30Boro BeKa B cpe,aHeIl POCCHH, CTp. 167-168; 175-176.
1 A. A. U e c c e H. K Bonpocy 0 ..J.peBHeHllIeH MeTa.1JIYP-
rim Men.1J Ha KaBKa3e. 113B. rAI1\K, Bb1TI. 120,
CTp. 108. - L. H 0 r a k 0 v a - J an so v a. Dvoudilne
Piskovicove bronsy v ceskem neoIitu. Pamatkv
archaeologicke, 1933,  1-4, CTp. 49. - ApKa!J.u1i
,a: 0 6 P 0 B 0 1 b C K H H. .lI.elI!o npo 3HapSiMSI SlKi fopo.a-
naB B. O. Ha3b13aE !lJopM01.lKaMH ,!I,."!lS1 BHJIHBaHHSI npynnuB.
AHTpono.1JOfHH, 1927, KHeB, 1928, CTp. 179-184.-A. B.
A p 11 H X 0 B C K H H. EOPO!UlHCKOe ropo.'1.HlI!e. Tp. CeKllH1i
apXeOJIOrHH PAHHOH, II, 1929. - A. .1.. Tall g r e n. La
Pontide prescythique apres I'introduction des metaux.
ESA, II, 1926, corp. 118, pBC. 67.
2 W. D. S t r 0 n g. An introduction to Nebraska
Arcaeology. Smiths. Misc. Collections, vol. 93, N 10,
1930, CTp. 60, 133, 141. - Cp.: Report of the Smiths Inst.,
1900-1901, part 2, CTp. 113.
3 W. D. S t r 0 n g, \Y. E. S c hen C k, H. S t e war d.
Archaeology of the Dalles - Deschutes . Region. Univ.
of California Publicat. in Amer. Archaeology and
Ehnology, vol. 29,  1, 1930. CTp. 91, pIlC. 20.-
\\. D. S1: r 0 n g, D. Co lie r, A. E. H u d son,
A. .F 0 r d. Archaeoloy of the Upper Columbia. Region.
Umv. of Wash. PublIcat. in Anthropology, vol. 9, N I,
1942, CTp. 75. - H. I. S m i t h. Arhaeology of Lytton
Britich Columbia. Mem. of Amer. Museum of atur:
History, vol. 2, part- 6, 1900, CTp. 146, pIlC. 57-58.-
P. S C hum a C her. Das Gerademacher der Pfeilschafte.
Archiv flir. Anthropologie, IX, 1877, CTp. 249-250-.
 -
.J.peBKoB lIaCTO ynoTpeOJIH.TJH :\IaJIeHbKHiI Ka:\leHb,
B:lOJIb nepel1:Heii CTOpOHbI KOToporo 6bI.:m BbJpe-
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BepOHTHO, paCTHTeJIbHbIMI1 BOJIOKHaMII llJIH HII-
T5IMH H3 cyxo)l{Hmril 11 06Ma3blBa. T lH. HU)KH1\H
KOHeli. KpJOqKa IlInpe BepXHero, K KOTOpO:\IY npn-
KpenJ1H.laCb .TJ:eca. HeKOTopbIe KplO4KII KIITOH-
CKoro TlIna BMeCTO )].BYX nOJIY.TJ:YHHbIX rO.ll0BOK
cHa6}KeHbI TO.TlbKO O;l.H0I1, Ha HU>KHeM KOHl1.e.
BepXHHH KOHeli. IIX IIMeeT .'IHllIb nOnepeqHble Ha-
pE3KH lI.Tm Hace4KH )J.."'IH 3aKpen.'1eHHH oI"IeCbI.
B TaKOM BII;:I:e, KaKHMH fbl 3Hae:M nx JI3 :\wrH.:'I
310ro BpeleHH, KHTOHCKHe KPIOqKH HB.iJflIOTC5I,
1 BHTKOBCKHH C'lHTa. oeccnopHbIMH pbI60.QOBHbI;\m npH-
Ha."'Ie)KHOCTJlMH TO."'IbKO rapnYHbI. .l!a:>Ke OTHOCHTelbHO
KOCTJlHbTX qacTeA K pbI60.TIOBHbIM KpIO'lKa}i KIITOIIcKoro
THna OH nHca.1J: «CaMoe npH'lHc.1JeHHe HX K pbI60.'IOBHbI;\I
CHapH.J.aM ecTb He 60Jlee, KaT\: ilOra.1.Ka». .\-\e:>K.ay TeM B
ero paCKonKax He pa3 BCTpella.lllCb B O;J:HOM IeCTe
«KOfTH» H KaMeHHbIe CTep:>KeHbKH KpIOllKOB (norpe6eHHH
NN2 3, 4, 6, 8).
2 8TV oc06eHHocTb rO.OBOK JD.le.1J B BII;I.V H. 11. BHT-
KOBCKHB, ynoMHHasr mIocK)'IO CTOpOH)' KHTOikKHX cTep-
)KeHbKOB. .1Hlllb 01leHb pe.1.Ko OH." II\IeIOT C."'It:rKa npHIlIJIH-
cpoaaHHYIO rpaUb C BHYTpeHHefi CTOpOHbI - K KpIOllKY. -
c.TJe.iI.OBaTe.iJbHO, Y}Ke COBeprneHHO 3aKOH4eHHblM
no cpopIe IIHCTpYl\feHTOM, pe3YJIbTaTOM .lJ.JIHTeJIb-
Roro TeXHH1.J.eCKOrO pa3BHTH5I (pHC. 112).
¥Ix npHMbIe npe,1.IIIeCTBeHHHKH - npocTble n
rpy6ble KpJOqKH 1I3 HH>KHHX CJIoeB Y JIaH-Xa.t1.bI, y
KOTOpbIX Bble:\IKH Ha HH>KHHX KOHll.aX ,1(JI5I npH-
.Kpen.TJeHHH OCTpliH H3 'KOCTH nOfell.J.aJOTCH C60KY,
"
a He cnepelI.H, KaK Y Bcex KplO4KOB KHTOHCKoro
THna. K.I-lTOHCKHH KplO1..J.OK B03Hl!K, Hec.oHeHHO,
BCJIe.n.CTBHe ecTecTBeHHoii 3BO.TJlOll.HH 9THX apxaH-
LIeCKHX KplO4KOB .nYTe:\-I BHJI.OH3:\IeHeHIfH Y>Ke
1{;\.feBIlIHXC5I 4aCTeH. Dpooopa30M KpyrJIOro B ce-
..
4eHHH KHTOIICKoro CTep)KeHbKa 5IB.TJHIOTCH TaKHe
>Ke, TOJIbK() KpMBble, CTep}KeHbKH YJIaH-Xa;1.bl.
nOJIY.TJYHHaH rO.ll0BKa KHTOHCKHX KplOllKOB BblpO-
CJIa H3 .KO.TIbueBbiX Hape30K Ha IIX KOHu.ax H B
3a4aTOlJHOl\f BH,LLe LlaHa Ha OTMe4aBllIHXCH Y.iKe
CTep>KeHbKaX H3 YJIaH-Xa.J,bl. Ca:\lbIM Ba}KHbI:\1
cpaKTOM B 3BOJIIOI..{HH KpIOqKa 5IBH.,'1aCb npH 3TO;\f
3aMeHa .BbIe:\IKH, HaXO)I,HBIIIeHCH C60KY CTep-
}l(eHbKa, COOTBeTCTBeHHbBI paCIIIHpeHHe1 roJIOB-
KH II )I,BY:\HI BbICT)T:naMH C 60KOB KplO1LKa. He pa3
QT:\Ie4aBllIeeCH Hcc...1e,LLOBaTTlHMn, y.rr.HBHTeJIbHOe
nOCTOHHCTBO CPOpMbI .KIITOHCKHX KpI04KOB 06blt.I-
Horo Tllna C lI.BYIH rO.!lOBKaMH HCHO nOKa3bIBaeT,
HaCKOJIbKO OHa 6bIJIa ueJIeCQ06pa3HOH H y06-
BOIi, 1:IeM H 061>HCH.sIeTCH BbITecHeHHe Bcex
OCTa.TJbHbIX cpOpl\I KpI01:lKa B KlITOHCKoe BpeUI
3TOH e;l.lIHCTBeHHoit ero pa3HOBH)J.HOCTblO.
PaCC!\.IaTpIiBaH HIeIomHeCH .naHHble 0 I{pI01:lKaX
KHTOHCKoro nma B 60JIee IImpOKOl\'1 nnaHe,
HeJIb3H He CLI,eJIaTb BblBO.lI. 0 BaR{HO 3HaqeHHl1
u ...
3TIIX 113,J:eJIHH, a Cne.rI.OBaTeJIbHO, H pbIOOJIOBCTBa,
.J}ISI KOToporo OHH 6bIJUf npe;r.Ha3HaqeHbI, B }KH3-
HH KHTOHCKoro BpeeHH.
KplO4KH 3TH ;:I.eJIa..'1H C HCK..JII01:IHTeJIbHOH TIll.a-
... u u
T€.'lbHOCTbJO, ynoTpeO.:1HSI JIyqIllHII H pe;I.KIIII Ia-
TepHaJI BblCOKoa u.eHHOCTll, B TOl t.mCJIe -
ara.llbMaTOJIHT H 'HecppHT. B MOrHJIbHbIX HaXO.rI.KaX
norpe6aJIbHbIe BeWH 3TOH KaTeropHH MHoro-
4HC'1eHHee Bcex OCTaJIbHbIX. B TaKHX MOrHJIbHH-
Kax, KaK KHTOllCKHH, Um(JIo..rr.pOM, PacnYTHHO,
"
3HaqHTeJIbHaH qaCTb 3axopOHeHHH conpOBO-
,
LK;1.3eTCH KplOKalH, nO"lleIY OHM H 'llpHOOpeTalOf
3HaqeHMe PYKOBO..J,HIll.ero 3JIe:\-1eHTa B KJIaCCHcpH-
KaI..{HH. B SeKOTOpbIX 33xopOHeHHHX HaXO.rI.HTC5I
TIPH 3TOM )J.eCHTKH ,KPIOqKOB.
«KaKoe 3Hal1eHlle HMeJIH 3TH H3;!eJIHH? JI.JIS1
u
KaKOII u.eJIlI, - nHCaJI 0 3ara;l.0l1HbIX ,aJIH Hero
Ka:\leHHbIX CTep}KeHbKaX B 1882 r. H. H. BHTKOB-
CKHii, - 3..J,eIllHHli a60plireH H3rOTOBJIH0I1 llX B
TaKOM 3Ha4HTe..'1bHOM KOJIHqeCTBe, 1:I'f0 Ha Ka>K-
u u
;l.oro H3 Hall)I,eHHbIX ero nOKOIIHIIKOB npHxo.n.HTCH
Cpe,.1HH;\1 qlIc..'10:\f 60..1ee 10 IIITYK? --:- BonpocbI t Ha
KOTopbIe H He Mory ;l.aTb pellIHTeJIbHorO OTBeTa».
DO.iI.clJer BHTKOBCKoro nO)I,TBep}K;J.aeTCH H B pe-
3YJIbTaTe HOBeHmlIX 06CJIe..IJ.OBaHHH. Ha 20 no-
rpe6eHllii C TaKHMH CTep}KeHbKaMH, y4TeHHblx .lI.0
1940 r., npnxo)],HJIOCb 303 KaMeHHblX CTep}KeHbKa-
rpY3HKa.
Te.M HHTepecHee OTCYTcTBHe B MOrHJIaX KHTOA-
CKOPO THna HaCTOHWHX KaMeHHblX H306pa}KeHHH
pblO - TlIna pbIOOBH.lI.HbIX npHMaHoK. 3TO He
.'
.'
I
\
\ I

--
,
PHC. 112. PbI60.10EHbIe KpIOllKIi KHToikKoro BpeMeml, KHTOikKIiH MorH.TIbHHK H llHl{:JO.lJ.pm,1 (BHH3Y, cnpaBa);
H. B.
47 01-t:J8,4I1HROB A. n

3,0
1:IACTb II. rrPIiBAflKi\vlbE B HEO"lHTlr-lECROE BPEUI
3Ha l IHT, KOHel1HO, lITO OXOTHlIl1Hii no C)'TIJ CnaCl)0
:l.06bIl1H pbI6bI rapnYHam C no:\rOlliblO npH1eHe-
HH51 pbI60BH.:I.HbIX npHMaHOK nCqe3 COBceL Ho OH,
011eBII!I.HO, Bce-TaKH OTOllle.TI H3 3a.JHui1 n..laH no
cpaBHeHHIO C JIOBv1JeM pbI6bI KPlOqKOBOll CHaCTblO.
'Ka3aHHoe 06CTOHTe.."IbCTBO r.pH06peTaeT OCO-
ooe 3HaqeHHe, eC.1JH cpaBHHTb ..J.OCTHrHYTYIO B
 ,
I\HTOHCKoe Bpe:\IH CTeneHb oomer.:> pa3BHTH51 PbI-
OOJIOBHOrO HHBeHTapH, C O,JHOM CTOpOHbI, Ii OXOT-
HIIl1berO, - C .rrpyrOli, a 3aTe::\1 conOCTaBHTb no-
1yqeHHbIe CBe.LLE'UIH C l\IaTepHa.1JaMli cepOE3CK,}rO
::nana.
OTMetJeHHoe 06CTOHT1bCTBO TeM cymecTBeHHee
H TeM Ba1KHee C HCTOpHl1eCKOH TOqKH 3peHHSI,
l1TO .lI.0 CHX nop B TaKOM KOJIl1tJeCTBe, KaK B KII-
ToikKHX norpe6eHIIHX, He TOJIbKO KpJOl1KH, HO H
Boo6ll.J.e pbI60JIOBHbIe npHHa.lI.JIe}KHOCTH B C06CT-
BeHHOM CMbICJIe 3Toro CJIOBa He 6bIJIH o6Hapy-
>KeHbI HH B O.lI.HOM H3 HeOJIHTHtJeCKIiX HJIH 6JIH3-
KHX K HHM MOrlIJIbHHKOB He TOJIbKO Ha TeppHTO-
pHH CCCP, HO H, HaCKOJIbKO MHe H3BecTHO,
B006n.r.e Ha BceM TeppHTopHH CTaporo H HOBOro
CBeTa.
KHToHcKHe norpe6eHHH npH:6aHKaJIbH B 3TOM
OTHOIlleHHH 3aHIIMaIOT cOBeplIleHHo HCKJIIOl1IlTeJIb-
Hoe II OOOOO6JIeHHOe MeCTO, n.a>Ke Ii no OTHOlIle-
HHIO K HeoJIHTHl1eCKHM no xapaKTepy naMSITHH-
KaM Tex 06JIaCTeH, rAe pbI60JIOBCTBO BCer.lI.a 3a-
.. ..
HHMaJIO Ba}KHOe MeCTO B X03S1HCTBeHHOH >KH3HH
HX HaCeJ1eHHH, HanpHMep B HeOJIHTHl1eCKHX MO-
rHJIbHHKaX ceBepa EBponeHCKOH 1:IaCTH CCCP.
npHHll.HnHaJIbHO HHoe, l1eM npe>K.lI.e, KJJIH-
l1eCTBeHHoe COOTHOlIleHlIe pbI60JIOBHbIX KplOl1KOB
..
C HaKOHetJHHKaMH CTpeJI, KOHe1:lHO, He CJIytJaHHO
H OTpa>KaeT KaKYIO-TO HOBYIO 3aKOHOMepHOCTb B
peaJIbHOH }KH3HH .!.I.peBHero HaCeJIeHHH npH6aH-
KaJIbH. XapaKTep 3THX nepeMeH .lI.OCTaTOl1HO HCHO
pHcyeTcSI apXeoJIOrH1:IeCKHMH HaXO.LLKaMH.
HOBoe 3aKJIIOl1aeTCH B TOM, tJTO npoH30IllJIH
Ba>KHbIe C.lI.BHrH B XO'3HHCTBeHHOM YKJIa.LLe: OXOTa
BnepBbIe YCTynaeT CBoe Be.l{ywee MeCTO pbl6HOH
JIOBJIe. PbI60JIOBHbIH npOMblCeJI CTaHOBHTCH BO-
, 
oome O.l{HHM H3 Ba}KHeHlIlHX HCTOtJHHKOB CY[I1eCT-
BOBaHHH llJIH HaCeJIeHHH npH6aHKaJIbH. TaKHe
cymecTBeHHble H rJIy6uKHe H3MeHeHHH B X03HH-
cTBeHHoH }KH3HH, 01:leBtI.lI.HO, JI.OJI>KHbI 6bIJIH B1>13-
GaTb COOTBeTCTBYIOll1.He nepeMeHbl H B 6blTOBOM
YKJIa.LLe. 11HTepecHO n03TOMY caMO no re6e MeCTO-
HaXO>KJI.eHHe KJIaCCHtJeCKoro KHTOHCKoro KJIa.lI.-
6Hma KaMeHHoro BeKa. OHO pacnOJIO}KeHO Ha
JJ.IOHo06pa3HOM B03BbIlIleHHH no CepeJI.HHe aJIJIIO-
BHaJIbHOH paBHHHbI, npOCTHpaIOmeHCH BBepx no
KHTOIO. Ero OKpY>KaIOT BO.lI.bI KHTOH H AHrapbI;
Ha paBHHHe BOKpyr MOrHJIbHOrO XOJIMa nOBCIOD.Y
BHJI.HeIOTCH ell1.e BnOJIHe OT1:IeTJIHBble CJIen.bl .zr.peB-
HHX npOTOK H CTapHU (pHC. 113).
norpe6eHIIH cepoBCKoro nma THrOTelOT, Ha-
nponlS, K npoTHBOnOJIO>KHOMY BbICOKOMY KopeH-
HOMY 6epery. MecTO .lI.JIH KHToHcKoro MOrHJIbHHKa
6bIJIO, TaKHM 06pa30M, KaK 6YllTO H36paHo B co-
OTBeTCTBIIH C npHBbIl1KaMH pbl6oJI0BOB - B6JIH3H
OT JIytJlIlHX pbl60JIOBHb[X MecT, Ha CYXOM H nectJa-
HOM 6yrpe y caMoH peKH, TOr.zr.a KaK cepoBubI
BOBee He 3a60THJIHCb 06 STOM. Ba}KHOe 3Hal1eHHe
pbI60JIOBCTBa B }KH3HH JIIOJ1eM KHTOMCKOro Bpe-
MeHH XOpOlIlO OTpa}KaeTCH B MaTepHaJIaX TaKHX
nOCeJIeHHH, KaK YJIa, H-Xa.lI.a rn.e OCHOBHaH Macca
HaXOJ(OK OTHOCHTCH K n03J1HeHlIleMY 3Tany cepoB-
CKOro BpeMeHH, HenOCpe.lI.CTBeHHo npe.lI.mecTBYIO-
IlI.eMY BpeMeHH KHTOHCKHX naMHTHHKOB.
He TOJIbKO HaJIH1:IHe rpY3HJI .lI.JIH pbI60JIOBHblX
ceTeM, Ha6aJI.lI.aIllHHKOB «naJIHU» B BH.lI.e Kpyr JIbIX
KaMHeH: C 6HKOHHtJecKHM oTBepcTHeM B Cepe.ll.HHe,
KOTOpbIMH rJIYIllHJIH nOHMaHHYIO KpynHYIO pbI6y,
HJIH KpIOtJKOB apxaHtJecKoro THna, HO H caMa
.t7-
1,.IeTOE3 rrorpe6a.'lbHOrO HHBeHTap5L Yme O;:'HilM
::>T;Ui CSOI-I\! npH3H3I{Q1 !lOrpE:6eHH5J KHTOikKOro
nma pe3KO OT..1HLIaIOTC5I, TaKHM 06pa301, OT
Henocpe,J.cTBeHHo npe,[l.lileTBYIOIIl.HX HM cepoB-
CKIIX. Ho o6rua51 KapTIIHa pa3J1Hl1lIH B HHBeHTape
J\!emy 3THMH .rr.BYIH 3Tananl CTaHeT eille
oo.1ee onpe.il.eiJeHHOfi, eC."IH cpa3HHTb C00THowe-
HHe Kpe:'lIHeBbIX HaKOHel1HHKOB CTpea C TeMII >Ke
KpIOqKa:\-IH B KHTOiicKHX no THny 3axopOHemtHX.
B ODIeqeHHOl\J rrepBO}1 norpe6eHHH 113 iIep. Pac-
.-:ynlHo H3 19 HaKOHel1HHKOB cTpeJl npnlll.,locb
20 KaJleHHbIX CTep>KeHbKOB .1JI5I IUITOHCKHX
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B norpe6eHHHx KHToiicKoro MOfHJIbHHKa 06-
HapY>KeHO pacKonKa:\1H 1880 r. 43 Kpe:\fHeblx Ha-
KOHel1HHKa cTpe.ll, B C..le.n.YlOll1.eM ro..1Y - 26 HaKO-
Hel1HIIKOB. Bcero B KHTOHCKOI MOrH.HbHHKe Ha
23 l\JOrHJI OKa3aJIOCb 79 HaKoHeqHHKOB CTpeJI.
Bce OHH npH 3T():\{ MaJIOrO pa3Mepa.
B UHKJIO!I.pOMOBCKOM l\lOrmIbHllKe, KOTOpbIf1 B
pe3YJIbTaTe rrepBOHal1aJIbHbIX pacKonoK J1all
60JIblIlYlO KO..'weKUHlO caMblX pa3Hoo6pa3HbIx Be-
meR, TO.TJbKO npH O.llHO:\f KOCTHKe OKa3a.:'IHCb
HaKOHel1HHKH CTpeJI H Bcero JIIlIIIb .n.Ba 3K3eM-
nJIHpa! EllHHHqHblMH OKa3a.l"IIICb HaXO;IKII KaMeH-
HbIX HaKOHeqHHKOB cTpe.'1 H npH nOc.TJellHHX pac-
KonKax Ha UHKJIO;rpOMe B 1948 r.: 2 npH KoeTHKe
NQ 4, 3 nplI KOCTHKe NQ 3, 1 rrpH KOCTHKe J\'!! 5.
I np norpe6eHIIH NQ 1. B O;:I.HOM H3 norpe6eHIIlI
KHToMcKoro BpeMeHH B .n.ep. PacnynlHo OKa33-
.!::OCb, npaB.rr.a, 19 Kpel\.fHeBbIX HaKOHel1HH:KOB
CTpeJI, HO 3TO norpe6eHHe Boo6me HBoilHeTCH
HCKJIIOqHTe"lhHbl'\l no 0611JIIIIO Ii KCll1eCTBY npe;,{-
KPlOqKOB, B KHTOikKOi\.1 :\lorHJIbHIIKe H3 79 HaK()-
HellHIIKOB CTpe.1} npIIXO;IHTC5! 259 CTep>KeHbKOB
(99 Haif.LI.eHO B 1880 r. H 160-B 1881 r.).
DOqTH npH Ka)KlIO1 cepoBCKoM norpe6eHHH.
H ClnpOTHB, BCTpel1aIOTCH HaKOHel1HIIKII CTpeJI, n
rplI 3TO:\'Y, Hepe,rr.Ko, .J.eCHTKaMH; KpIOl1KH }Ke <paK-
TllqeCKU 3;I.eCb He H3BeCTHb{, ec:m He CqllTaTb
O.lI.HOro e.LlHHCTBeHHoro Kp101:IKa. He pa3 Y>Ke OT-
MeqaBlllerOCSI BbIlIle. TaKHM 06pa30:\{, Ha MaTe-
pHa.1JaX norpe6eHIIM C nOJIHoM Har.llH;J.HoCTblO
BII.n:eH 3aMe t laTeJIbHbIH <paKT BbITeCHeHHH HaKO-
Hel1HHKOB CTpeJI B KHTOMCKIIX naMHTHHKax PbI6o-
.."IOBHbI:\-1II KpIOl1KaMH.
npHHUlInlIa..1JbHble pa3JIHl1HfI Me>K;IY cepoBcKII-
, b b
:'1111 norpeOeHIIHIII. (" 011HOH CTOpOHbI, H KHTOII-
CKII:\-IH, - C lI.pyroti, 6YllYT erne peJIbecpHee. eCJIIf
yqecTb HCl1e3HOBeHHe B KHToMcKoe BpeMfi
.I1YKOB cepoBcKoro THna, a TaK>Ke O;I.HoBpeMeH-
HbIX III KpeMHeBblx KHH>KaJIOB HJIH HaKOHeqHHKOB
KonHit
rJIABA VIII. RHTOHCRHH 3TATI
371
nJIaHHpOBKa noceneHHH B 6yxTe YJIaH-Xa.lI.a,
llalOT HCHoe npe,lLCTaBJIeHHe 0 TaKOR }KH3HH, BeCb
pacnopH.lI.oK KOTOpOH B 3Ha1:lHTe.ijbHOH: Mepe
OCHOBaH Ha pbI6oJI0BHOM npOMbICJIe.
PacKonKH Y JI3H-Xa.ll.bI n03BOJIHJIH HCCJIe.nOBa-
TeJIHM 3Toro naMHTHHKa npeJ1CTaBHTb nJIaHH-
POBKY CTOHHKH CJIe.u.YIOWIiM 06pa30M: y caMoii
BO.lI.bl JIe>KaJIH BbITalueHHble Ha neCOK tJeJIHbI.
.lJ:aJIee, 6JIH>Ke K CKJIOHY TeppacbI, CTOHJIH }KepllH,
na KOTOpblX npOCYIlIHBaJIHCb ceTH. ,lI.oKa3aTeJ1b-
CTBO TOMY MO>KHO BIIJI.eTb B 60JIblIlOM KOJIHtJecTBe
rpY31IJI, BaJIHIOIIlHXCH HMeHHO Ha 3TO:\ol MeCTe.
Ha CaMOH: Teppace, Ha1:lllHaH OT ee KpaH H JJ.aJIce
BrJIy6b MaTepliK8, HO He .LLaJIee 10-12 M, 6bIJlO
rJIaBHOe }KHJIOe MeCTO. 3.LLeCb HaHlleHo HaH60JIb-
IDee KOJIlIl1eCTBO KOCTIHIll1., llepenKOB 6HToH no-
CY.lI.bI, OIll.enKOB, B O.lI.HOM MecTe .lI.a>Ke MacTep-
CKaH, 06JIOMKOB OPY.lI.HM H UeJ1ble 0pYllHH. BH,.
.l{H'W, Ha 3TO:\f MecTe >KIITe.ijH nOCeJIKa npOBO.lI.HJIH
6oJlblIlYIO tJaCTb BpeMeHH. 3JI.eCb IJHCTHJIH pbI6y
Ha 60JIblIlHX KaMeHHbIX nJIHTaX H BaplIJIH ee B
rJIIIHHHbIX KOTJIaX Ha orHe. 3llecb npHrOTOBJIHJIH
opY>KHe, 3lleCb >Ke npOHCXO.LLHJIH Tpane3b1. 1
3Ta KapTHHa, BepoHTHo, 6JIH3KO cooTBeTcTByeT
eHCTBHTeJIbHOCTH.
HeKoTopoe CHfI>KeHHe YlleJIbHOrO Beca OXOTHH-
tJbero npOMblCJIa B x03HikTBe, 60JIee HJIH MeHee
npotJHoe OCeJ1aHMe JIIO.lleH OKOJIO 60raTbIx pbl60H
BO.LI.Oe:\IOB, nOBH.lI.HMOMY, cO.lI.eikTBOBaJlH paBHTHIO
c06HpaTeJ1bcTBa. Bo BCHKOM CJ1ytJae. ero 3HaIJe-
HHe He YMeHblIlHJIOCb no cpaBHeHHIO c npe.lI.IlleCT-
BYIOWHM BpeMeHeM.
B norpe6eHHHX Ha AHrape H JIeHe (UHKJIO-
.npol, KHTOHCKHH: MOrHJIbHHK) BCTpeqeHbI XOpOlIlO
H TmaTeJ1bHO Oq,Op MJIeH HbIe. CneUHaJIII3HpOBaH-
HbIe no THny, Opyn.HH, npHrO.ll.HbIe TOJIbKO .lI.JISJ
l<onaHHH 3eMJIH. TaKOBbI MaCCHBHbIe C npHMO-
yrOJIbHbIM nonepetJHbIM cetJeHHeM, CJIerKa H30-
fHYTble KHPKH H3 JIOCHHOro pora (IJ.HKJIO.ll.POM), a
TaK>Ke 60JIbIllHe 3acrynbI 1:13 JIOnaTOK JIOCH, y
KOTOpbJX C 3TOM UeJIbIO cpe3aHbl rpe6HH Ii CfJIa-
>KeHbI Bce BbIcrynbl, 3aT01:leHbI KpaSJ, KaK y
cOBpeMeHHoH JIOnaTbI (pIiC. 114). TaKHMH opy-
.lI.HHMH Y.lI.06HO 6blJIO Bb{KanblBaTb c1>e.u.06uble
KOpHH H JIYKOBHIJ.bI capaHbI, .lI.HKOrO JIYKa HJIH
l1eCHOKa. . Bo BCHKOM CJIytJae aHaJIOrHtJHbIMH opy-
){HHMH B BH.ne 38cTynoB H3 JIOnaTOK 6H30H3 liJIIi
OJIeHH, a TaK}Ke H3 m.HTKa l1epenaXH, nOCTOHHHO
nOJIb30BaJIHCb ceBepo-aMepHKaHcKHc HH.lI.eAIJ.bI.
JlonaTKH 3TII 3aOC11>HJIHCb Ha TOqHJIbHOM KaMue
H npHKpenJIHJIHCb Ha .nepeBHHHblx PYKOSlTHX.
06pa311.bI T3KHX 3acTynoB HMeIOTCH B BalIlHHr-
TOHCKOM MY3ee ecTecTBeHHoM HCTOpHH. 2 OHH
XOpOlIlO H3BeCTHbI B apXeOJIOrHtJeCKHX naMSITHH-
Kax CeBepHOH: AMepHKH, B paHOHax BeJUn<OH
PaBHHHbI, r.l1.e CYll1.ecTBOBaJIa TaK Ha3bJBaeMafi
I Cp.: 1138. EIIOJI.-reorp. HaYtJeO-HCCJI. HHCT. npH
MpKYTCK. foc. YHHB., T. III, BbIn. IV, MpKYTCK, 1926,
CTp. 32-33. C60pH. TPYAOB npoltJ. H npenollaB. MpK}'TCK.
foc. YHHD., Bbl!I. I, OTA. I, 1922, CTp. 3.
2 E. S C h mid 1. Vorgeschichte Nordamerikas, 1894,
CTp. 57. - Bus h n e I. VilIag of the Algongian, Siu.
Bull. N 77, Bureau of Amer. Ethnology, pI. 54.

72
l1ACTb II. nPHBAfU-tAJlbE B HEO.TIIITllqECHOE BPEiVIR
«BepXHSIH Pecny6JIJiKaHCKaH KYJIbTypa» (OKOJIO
1300-1600 rr. H. 3.).
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CTOHJIII U3 naJIOK-KOnaJIOK II MOTbIr C JIOnaTKOM
6H30Ha, 3aKpenJIeHHOH Ha .l.J.epeBHHHOH PYKOHTII.
To }Ke cal\me npHMeHeHlle JIOnaTOK 61I30Ha
OTMeqaeTCH .l.J..TIH coce.rr.HeM 3eM,,'Ie,Qe.TIb1:lecKoM KYJIb-
TYPbI paMoHa BOCT01.JHOM He6pacKH H ceBepo-3a-
na.nHoro KaH3aca (1400-1650 rr. H. 3.)"
B MOrlIJIbI KHToMcKoro BpeMeHH 3acTynbI H3
nonaTOK JIOCH, HecoMHeHHo, nOnaJIH nOTOl\lY, l1TO
HMH 6bIJIH CHal1aJIa BbIKonaHbI MOrHJIbHble H)-lbI,
a 3aTeM OHU 6bI.:11I OCTaB.lleHbl B MorU..le, KaK
HMeBlilHe OTHOlIleHHe K MepTBell.aM II CMepTII
(pHC. 114).
B norpe6eHHu N2 9 Y ):{ep. CepoBo 2 nO.lI.06HbIX
3acTyna nOMemaJIIiCb B BepTlIKaJIbHOM nOJIO>Ke-
HHH C O)1.Horo 60Ka KOCTHKa, nJIOTHO npllMblKa51
K CTeHKaM MOrHJIbHOM H.MbI. TaKH;\>l >Ke 06pa30f
OHU cOnpOBO>K.lI.aJIIi KOCTHKII norpeceHMM OKOJIO
YJIyca CTenHO-OaJIT8MCKOro Ha JIeHe.
B UHKJIO.il.pO:\IOBCKOM :\IOrllJIbHIIKe 06.rr0\IOK
.. u
TaKOR JlOnaTKH Jle)KaJl C npaBOH CTOpOHbl BTI.ilOT-
HYIO Y 1:Iepena norpe6eHHoro.
B KIITOMCKOM MorlI.'IbHHKe. JIOnaTKH .TIOCR-
3acTynbI - BCTpel1eHbI 6bIJIH B 3 norpe6eHH HX.
B nepBoM cJIYl1ae (norpe6eHHe .NQ 5, 1880 r.) Ha
.. 
'faKOH JIonaTKe JIe>iUi.iUi «n51TKH HOr» nOKOHH11Ka.
Bo BTOpOM cJIYl1ae JIOnaTKa .Tle:iKaJIa nonepeK
rOJIeHHbIX KocTeM CKeJI eTa J\fg 6 ( 1880 r. ) .
B TpeTbeM cJIYl1ae «pacTpecKaBllIaHcH Ha qaCTH
JIOnaTKa KaKorO-TO 60JIblllOrO >KIIBOTHOro, c.'IY-
..
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pbITbH 3eMJIII». HaXo,lI.HJIaCb Ha 6e.apeHHblx KOCTHX
CKe.TIeTa J\'Q 6 (1881 r.). B qeTBepToM C.TIYLIae
(norpe6eHlle N2 11, 1881 r.) .TIOnaTKa JIe>Ka.TIa Ha
rpY):{II, C npaBoH CTOpOHbI, npllKpbIBaH COl1J1eHHe.
8TO 6bIJIa «eJ{.HHCTBeHHaH BelIlb, KaKOU ocraB-
lIlHeCH nOTOMKII HalIlJIII B03MO}KHbIM cHa6):{HTb
CBoero npe.lI.Ka».2
BTOpbIM Ba}KHbIM C06bITHeM B 3KOHOMHl1eCKOH
>KH3HII JIIO)I.eM KIITOHCKoro Bpel\'leHII noc.'Ie HemKH-
AaHHoro nO.lI.'beMa 06meM pOJIIi pbiOO.TJOBCTBa,

3aCJIY}KHBaIOIll.HM, 1:ITOObi Ha HO-l Cnelf.Ha.-1bHO
OCTaHOBMTbCH, HBJIHIOTCH cpaKTbI, CBH.J:eTeJIb-
CTBYlOmHe 0 pOCTe 06MeHa B nepBYIO 011epe)J.b
3eJIeHbIM HecppIITOM..
B 3THorpaHl1eCKOM JIIiTepaType HeO.l.J.HOKpaTHO
OTMe1:laJIOCb TO 06CTOHTeJIbCTBO, 1:ITO BO MHorlIX
CJIY1:IaHX, HanpliMep B 1e.!IaHe3111I, npe.lJ.MeTOM
caMOH O>KIIBJIeHHOM TOprOBJIIi CJIY>K!IJIII 3arOTOBKH
HJIH He3aKOHl1eHHble, .I1IIlllb C.TlefKa OT,J,e.aaHHble,
TonopbI H TeCJla. Oc06eHHO XOlI.KHM TaKIIM TOBa-
pOM eCTeCTBeHHO 6bIJIII 3arOTOBKM 113 HaH60JIee
pe.lI.KOrO H IJ.eHHOrO KaMHH. O,D.HO H3 nepBbIX
MeCT B 3TOM OTHOlIIeHIIH no npaBY npHHa.lJ:.'IeI'Ka.iJO
He«!>pHTY, TaK KaK 3TOT IICKJ1I0qHTeJIbHbIii no
I D. S. .M art i n, G. I. Qui m b y, D. CoIl i e r.
Indi?ns before Columbus, Chicago. 1947, CTp. 327, 330.
2 H. H. B H TKO B C K H H. KpaTKHH OTlICT 0 paCKonKe
MorH.'1b1 KafeHoro nepHo.Qa..., CTp. 6, 7; 0 H >K e. OT'IeT
o pacI<onKe )WrH.1 KaMeHHoro BeKa..., C'ip. 5, 7.
CBOIIM KaqeCTBaM MaTepHaJI BCTpeqaeTCH JUHllb
B HeMHorHX l\IeCTax 3eMHoro IIIapa}
MeCTOpO>K):{eHIIH HecppHTa IIJlH pO.lI.CTI3eHHOrO
eMY >KaJJ,eIlTa 1I3BeCTHbI B 5pIlTaHCKO:H l(oJIYM6IiH,
Ha AJIHCKe, a TaK>Ke, KaK nOJIaralOT, B IO>KHOH
AMepHKe,2 B HOBoM 3eJIaH.lI.HH,3 olIpMe, KHTaH-
CKOM TYPKeCTaHe, B 11TaJIIiH (IO>KHaH .J1l1rYPHSI),
B CHJIe3HII (11op.lI.aHCMIO.TJb H PeMxeHIIITeMH).4
Ha TeppliTopli1i CCCP MeCTOpO>K.lJ.eHHH HecppliTa
MMelOTCH TOJIbKO B npH6aMKaJIbe M Ha IO}KHOM
YpaJIe. 5
1-13 He1HOrOl1HC.'IeHHbIX MeCTOpO}K.lI.eHIIM He-
pHTa OH paCXO.lI.HJICH IfHor):{a Ha nopa3HTeJIbHO
60JIbIlIHe pacCToSIHHSI. XOpOlIIlIM npHMepOM 3TOMY
IO>KeT CJIY>KIITb TOl1HO YCTaHaBJIlfB3eMOe pacnpo-
CTpaHeHHe He«!>pHTOBoro CbIpbH, nOJIycpa6plIKaTOB
Ii rOTOBbIX 113.lI.eJIHM B cpaBHHTf>_TJbHO HeJI:aBHee
BpeMH Ha AMepHKaHCKOM KOHTHHeHTe, a TaK}Ke If
Ha ceBepo-BoCTOKe A3HH.
Oc06eHHO llIHpOKO pacnpoCTpaHHJIHCb HecppH-
rOBbIe TonopbI C ceBepa AHTHJIbCKIIX O-BOB H H3
BOCTOl1HOH 5pa3HJIHII. 6 3eJIeHbIH II MOJI0l1HO-6e-
JIbllI He$pMT, HJIH >Ka.n.eIlT 113 Jade Nlountains Ha
A.IJHCKe II HepllT opHTaHcKoM 1(0.,fJYM611H C peK
c1>p33ep H KOBaK pacnpoCTpaHHJICH OT nJIeMeHII
...
K nJIeMeHH B.lI.OJIb ceBepO-3ana.lI.HOrO nOOepe>KbH
5epHHrOBa MOpH, a TaK>Ke apKTlIl1eCKOrO n06e-
pe:>Kb51 AMepHKII. BblB03 HepHTa H3 HetPPHTO-
HOCHbIX paliOHOB OCYI.IJ.eCTBJIHJICH 3j],eCb B XVIII
II B Hal1a.TJe XIX B. no )1.BYM rJIaBHbIM HanpaB.T1e-
HHHM. C peK <lJp33ep H KOBaK 3TOT KaMeHb IlIeJI
OT npOJIHBa XyaH .lI.e <lJYKa K 6YXTe oeplIHra; OT
«He$p{1TOBbIX rop» - K AJIeYTCK1111 Q-BaM H
K YCTblO p. 1\13K3H3H. 113 HecppHTa Ha ceBepe
AMeplIKII BbI.lI.eJIbIBaJIII TonopbI, .lI.OJIOTa, HO>KH,
cKpe6KII .ZI.JISI IIIKYP, JIa6peTKH .lI.JIH meK. H pa3-
J1l1l1Hble .lI.PyrHe 113JI.eJIIIH. 7
He MeHee JIlO6ollblTHbIM. npHMepoM lllRpoKoro
pacnpocTpeHHH HecpplITa HBJIHeTCH HaXO):{Ka
HepHToBbIX TonopoB II HO>KeM Ha 1.JYKOTCKOM
n-OBe. OHM xpaHHTCH, B qaCTHOCTII, B KOJIJIeKIJ.HHX
fOCY.lI.apCTBeHHoro 8THorpacpllQeCKOrO MY3eH,
c06paHHbIX JI.-pOM oeTTaKOM If) HeCOMHeHHO,
I H. B ish 0 p. Investigations and Studies in Jade,
vol. I, N.-Y., 1896. - A. E. <1> e pc !If a H. LlparOIJ.eHHbIe
H UBeTHble KaMHH POCCHH, T. I, II. nrp., 1922-1925.
2 Emmons, YK. COq. - npHBeJ1.ena JIHTepaTypa Bonpoca:
Handbook of American Indians north of Mexico, ed. by
Fr. W. Hodge, part 2, Bureau of Amer. Ethnology, Bull.
 30, Washington, 1910, CTp. 55-56. (I1MeIOTcH CCbI.1IKH
Ha .'HfTepaTYPY Bonpoca). - F i 5 C her. Uber Alaska-
«Jadeit». Correspondenzbl. d. Deutsch. Gesellsch. fUr
Anthropol., Ethnol. und {Jrgeschichte. - H. B ish 0 p.
Investigations and Studies in Jade. N. - Y., 1896, CTp. 10.
a M. K lit t k e. Der Nephrit der Neueseelander. Glo-
bus, LXIII, 1893, CTp. 290-293.
4 J. And r e e. Das naturliche Vorkommen von
ephrit und Jadiet in Europa. Mannus, 1922, 22, CTp. 25.
5 H. 1\'1 a "I Y p.o B C K H H. MeCTOpO>K;J.eHHe HecppHTa Ha
rope EHKH.1Hp. H3Jl. neTporp. HHCT. Zithoghea B M.ocKBe,
Bbm. 5, .1., 1918. (MecTOpO>K!l.eHHe HaXO.lI.HTCH B6.'1H9H
KYHpaBHHcKoH CTaHHIJ.bI). - A. E. <1> e p C M a H. Llparo-
ueHHbIe H IJ.BeTHbIe Ka"i!m POCCHH, T. f, CTp. 208.
6 s. L 0 eve n. Uber die Wurzel der Ta;nischen Kultur,
1924, .123. - Cp.: Zeitschr, fur Ethnologie. XVIII, 1885.
CTp. 84-95.
7 Em m 0 n 5, YK. co'!., CTp. 11-13.
I
PHC. 114. KHpKa H3 pora ."IOCH (UHK.101t.POM, )948, norp. 3), H. B.; HO>K (UHl{.l} l o ) JlP / M, 1928); H. B.; 38CTY!' HS
JIOnaTlili .'lOCH . (YJI)'C. CTenHo- Ea.nTaiicKIiH, p. MaH3YPKa, norp. ; 2 H. B.

74
'IACTb II. nPIIBAAKAJIbE B HEOJIHTHqECKOE BPEMH
r.'1AB.\ YII!. RIITOnnmn 3TAn
375
npOHCXOJ1RT C A.nRCKH, H3 paMoHa «HecJ>pHTOBbJX
fOP»} B CBOIO 01Jepe.nb B npouecce 3TanHoro
06MeHa ceBepo-aMepHKaHCKHH HecppHT pacnpo-
crpaHHJICH, nOBHJI,HMOMY, H ellI.e .lI.aJIbme, OT }KH-
'feJIeM 1.JYKOTCKoro n-OBa B COCe.lI.HHe C HHM 06-
JIaCTH ceBepo-BocToKa A3HII.
COrJIaCHO CBe.lI.eHHRM KOHua XVIII B., }KHTeJIII
DeH}KHHOH ry6bI H KaM1JaTCKOro n-OBa B KOHue
XVI I I B. nOJIyqaJIIi OT 1:IYK1:Ieii TOqHJIbHbIe KaMHH,
«3y6HJIa H3 nOJIynp03pa1JHOH SIm\1bI» H HaKOHe1J-
HIIKH CTpeJI 113 JJ.bIM1JaTOrO XPYCTaJISI. 2 3Ta «no-
JIynp03pa1JHaH SIIIIMa» HBJIHeTCH, .lI.OJI}KHO 6bITb,
3eJIeHbIM HetPPHTOM, HCTOl1HHK KOToporo Haxo-
)iMJICSI Ha TeppHTOpHIi NIHCKH H BpHTaHCKOM
KOJIYM6HH.
B A3HaTCKoH 1Jacrn CTaporo CBeTa OCHOBHbIMU
neHTpaMH pacnpocTpaHeHHSI He4>pIITa, KaK MbI BH-
11eJIH, HBJIHIOTCH KHTaiicKHH TYPKeCTaH H npH-
6aHKaJIbe (CaHHbI). Cpel1Hea3H2TCKUH HecppIlT
pa3pa6aTbIBaJICH C .npeBHHx BpeMeH H 6bIJI
06"beKToM O}KHBJIeHHOM TOprOBJIH. npeHMYllI.ecT-
BeHHO C KHTaeM, r.lI.e ero ll.eHIIJlH HHOr.lI.a He HH}Ke
30JIOTa. 3
CBel1eHHH 0 HecppHTe B npH6aHKaJIbe BnepBble
('TaJIH H3BeCTHbI B JIHTeparype B Ha1:laJIe XIX B.
(H. lUYKHH), OTKpbITHC >Ke MeCTOpO}Kl1eHHH 6b1JIO
JleJIOM r. nepMHKHHa, 06Cne.lI.OBaBlllero C YJIHBH-
TeJIbHOM JIl060BI:.IO K JIeJIY Ii TaKOH }Ke HeYTOMH-
MOH 3HeprHeH .lI.OJIHHbI peK OHOTa, AxoJIrona,
YpHKa H CaxaHrepa (CaraH Xap HnH CaraH-
Xaiip) B BOCTOl1HbIX CaHHax, BO.nb1 KOTOpblX npH-
Hal1ne}KaT AHrapCKOMY 6acceHHY. C Tex nop
HetPPHTOBbIe MeCTOpO}Kl1eHHSI BOCTOl1HbIX CaHH
npHBJIeKanH MHorHX npe.lI.npHHHMaTeJ1eM H HCCJIe-
.lI.OBaTeJIeM. 4 nOCJ1e OKTHCpR HMH 3aHHTepCOBa-
nHCb HCCJ1e1I.OBaTeJIH, H3Y1JaBIIIHe np06neMY
AHrapoCTpOH H reo.nOfH TpecTa «PYCCKHe caMO-
useTbI», pa60TbI KOTOpbIX BHeenH MHoro HOBoro B
H3yqeHHe npH6aMKaJIbCKOrO HetPPHTa c reonorH-
1JeCKOM H MHHepanOrH1:IeCKOM CTOpOH».5
CanHCKHe MeCTOp01KJIeHHR HetPPHTa HaXORTCR
B TPYlI.HO .nocrynHoH o6nacnt CaRHcKHx oTporoB,
B TOM Y3ne .nonHH H ropHbIX Xpe6TOB, C KOTOpbIX
I A. B. M a q H H C K H it. lIpeBHH;J 3CKHMOCCKaft KYJlb-
TYpa Ha lJYKOTCKOM nOJIyocTpoBC. KpaTK. coo6lIt. MHMK,
IX, 1941, CTp. 88. - C. H. P Y 1I e H K o. .D.peBHHH KYJIb-
Typa EepllHroBa MOpH H 3CKHMOCCKaH np06JIeMa. M.-JI.,
1947, CTp. 65, 87.
2 B. A. 0 (5 p Y q e B. MCTOpltH reOnOrHqeCKOro Hccne.no-
B3HHH CH6HpH. nepHO.n nepBblA. o(5HHMalOlItHA XVII H
XVIII BB. (rMeJIHH, naJIJt3C, reoprH). n., 1931. CTJ). 11.-
P. S. P 8 II as. Verzeichniss einiger in der Gegend
urn den Penschinischen Meerbusen und auf Kamtschatka
bemerkten merkwurdigen FossUen. Neue nord. Beltrage,
V, 1793, CTp. 272-274.
3 B. I.: a. u fer.. Jade. A study in Chinese Archaeology
and Rehglon. Fdd Musf'um of natural History. Publ.
151 A!1thropol. Seies, vol. X, Chicago, 1911. - F i s c h e f.
Nephnt und Jadf'lt nach ihrem mineralogischen Eigen-
acharten so wie nach ihrer urgeschichtIichen und
ethnografischen Bedeutung. 1875:
f A. E. $ e p e MaD. CSMOUBeTht POCCHH. nrp., 1922,
crp. 84-99; 0 H JK t' D.parcueHHble H UBeTHbie KaMHH
POCCHH, T. I. CTp. 198-208; T. II. crp. 271-274.
· M. CIJ. W 8 nOR a '" 0 B. HOBlie MecropO)I(JJ.eW!J1 Be-
pITa II Bocroq!ICIM CaHHe, crp. 71-104. .
CTeKaIOT XOPOK, .D.aSInOK, Ocna II TeKYllI.HH Ha lOr
B KHToH PY1:IeH CaxaHrep.l 3Ta MeCTHOCTb 06pa-:.
3yeT BepxHee nJIaTO CaHH. B HalI60JIee. B03BbI-
co
llleHHOH 1JaCTH ee HaXoJI,SITCH cypoBbIe caHHCKHe
co
rOJIbll.bI H anbnHIICKHe JIyra, HH>Ke paCCTHJIaeTCSi
Ke.lI.poB8H TaHra. BbIXO.lI.bI He4>PHTa npHyp01:leHbI
K CBHTe KpHCTanJIH1:IeCKliX CJlaHll.eB C 3MeeBHKaMH
H MclJII60J1HTOM. K.opeHHbIe MecTopmKJJ.eHHR
HetPPIiTa npe.zInOJIaraJIIICb ellI.e nepMHKHHM no
.lI.aSIJIOKY II JIeBOMY npHToKY p. KHTOSI - Cax:lH-
repy, a BbIXOllbI BaJIYHoB 6bIJIH OTMe1JeHbI HM no
YpHKY, XOPOKY, .lI.aHJIOKY, OHOTY, Ocne, CaxaH-
repy H KHTOIO.
B O.lI.HOM H3 HafI)I.eHHbIX .n03.lI.Hee KopeHHbIX
MeCTOpO}KJI,eHHM HecppHTa B .lI.OJIHHe KHTOH. no
CJIOBaM ft. B. JIbBOBa, «BeCb CKJIOH ropbI, B03Bbl-
IIIalOllI.HHCH 01' 50 JJ.O 70 M HaJJ. ypOBHeM KI1TO 51 ,
co
nOKpbIT orpoMHOH pOCCbInblO OTTOp}KeHll.eB 3Me-
eBIIKa, CpeJI,H KOToporo nOna.lI.aIOTCSI .nOBOJIb-
HO KpynHbIe rnbI6bI HecppHTa. BbIIIle no.n-
HilMa eTCH OTBeCHaH CKaJIa .lI.0 20 II 60JIee MeTpOB
Tex }Ke 3MeeBHKOB. B TOJIllI.e KOTOpb!X HetPpHT
06pa3yeT JIHH30BH){HbIe }KHJIbI 01' 1 .lI.0 2 M. BTO-
poe KHToHcKoe MeCTOpO>K.lI.eHlIe paCCe1:leHO KaHb-
OHOM p. KHTOH. a PYCJIO peKM cnnOlllb 3aBaneHO
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BanH CBOHM COCe.lI.HM, OT KOTOpbIX ueHHbIH KaMeHb
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,AaJIbwe.
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CKoro MOfllJIi?HIIKa (pIlC. 115>' Cpe,ru.f Kp)-nHbIX
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rpy60 066HT co Bcex CTOpOH, npHqeM Ha «03.HOH
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paJIJIeJIbHO 060HBaeMOH cropoHe H 6JIH>Ke K KpaIO
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Ban Bce 60nbmHe HepoBHOCTH, a 3aTeM Y}Ke no-
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na. Ho He 1JaCTO, KaK BII.lI.HO, YJI.aBaJIOCb 1Jeno-
BeKY Toro BpeMeHH OT611BaTb y.natIHO TaKHe
60JIbmIle. KYCKH: onllcaHHbIM Tonop eCTb e.lI.IIH-
CTBeHHbIH no CBOIIM pa3MepaM» 1 (era .lI.JJHHa 25 CM,
IIlHpHHa 18 CM Ha O.lI.HOM KOHll.e H 14 CM Ha .lI.PY-
rOM). JJ.pyroH Tonop (N2 10 no onllcn BHTKOB-
cKoro) «Boo6me BbIrJIH.lI.HT HeOKOHl1eHHbIM H, KaK
Ka}KeTCH, He 6bIJI B ynoTpe6JIeHIfH, Ha 'ITO YKa3bI-
BaeT uenaSI ll.eTIb uapanHH, coxpaHHBmllXCH xp-
pOlllO Ha nOJIHpOBaHHbIX MeCTax». Y 31"Oro H3.lI.e-
JIIiH 6br.na, BnpOqeM, - CJIerKa «crJIa}KeHa» OJI.Ha
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TOJIbKO JIIImb npHIIWHCpOKOM, H.'lli- CrJIa>KHaaHHe'r\1
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Jf JI,a}Ke BH.l{HO TO MeCTO, no KOTOpoMY C.lI.eJIaH
poKOBOM Y,Aap».
1'13 25 He<jJpHTOBbIX TonopOB, 06Hapy*eHHbIx
B KHTOikKOM MOrIlJIbHHKe, nOJIHOCTbIO ocpopM.iIeHO
6blJIO TOJIbKO 4 H3,neJIHH (N2N2 14, 15, 17, 21. no
OIIHCH BHTKOBCKoro); BOBCe He OTlllJlHcpOBaHO
6b1JIO 6 TonopoB (N2NQ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5), a OCTaJIb-
Hble 15 6blJIH nplllll.TIHcpoBaHbI .nHmb CJIerKa Ii
n01:lrn HCKJII01JHTeJIbHO Ha JIe3BHH.
I A. B. n b BOB. 0 reOJlOrH1leCKHX HCCJIel{OBaHHHX B
TYUKHHCKHX H KHTOAcKHX A.nbD3X. CeB. A3HH, N!! 5-6,
1930, CTp. 293. - B. n. C OJI<. H £ H K 0,. B. C. Co 60-
JI e B, r. n. C JI a E H H, H. A. $ JI 0 P e H COB. EOTOrOJlb-
CKoe MeCTOpOJK.neHHe rpaCI)JfTa H nCprneKTHBbI ero Hcnonb-
30BaHHH. MaTep. no reOJIOrHH If none3H. HCKonaeMbiM
OKHHCK. sAMaKa EypHT-MoHr. ACCP, BbiD. 1, I1pKYTcK,
1947 (0 HecppHTe H HecppHToBOM npOMblCJle CM. CTp.
36. 64). -
a A. B. JI It. 0 II, yK. COq.
I H. H. B H TKO B C K Hit OTQeT 0 paCKODKe Moron
"iJ,feHBOrO BeKa, CTp. 12-14.
COBepmeHHO O.D.HHaKOBYIO KapTHHY npe.n.CTa'B-
.:ISI.TIII HaXO.lI.KH B pa3pYl1IeHH0:\1 norpe6eHHH Ha
TaKOM }Ke necl1aHOM 6yrpe OKO_TIO YC'fbH
p. KIITOH, 06HapY}KeHHOM B 1936 r. (pHC. 113).
3,j,ecb BMeCTe C KycKaMH KpOBaBHKa ..TIe}KaJI !KyCOK
HecppHTa, HB.TIHBIIlHMCSI, CY.lI.H no ero 4>opMe H
pa3MepaM, TaKoM }Ke 3arTOBKOM .D:JISI Tonopa,
KaK onHcaHHble H. 11. BIITKOBCKHM. JJ.nHHa ero
25 CM, HaH60JIbIIIaSI llIHpHHa 15 CM. 01JepTaltHR
3arOTOBKH Y.lI.JIHHeHHO-OBanbHbIe, O,nHH ee 'ImHen,
60JIee mHpoKHH H .nyro06pa3Ho-BbInYKJIbIH, .non-
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B 06YIIIOK. BcH nOBepXHOCTb 3arOTOBKH, - KpOMe
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II BBepx no AHrape. MeHbme CTaHOBHTCH HX II Ha
JIeHe.
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ECJIH B6.nH3H I(HTOH H oe.TIOfI He TG.1lbKO B 1\-IOrll-
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(jJpHToBble BaJIYHl1HKII H rpy6ble 3arOTOBKU ;I.JISI
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pOB, KaK Ha AHrape' B6.rIH3H YCTbeB peR Be:IOM
H KUTOH.
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BeCb KHTOMCKHH HecppHT oce.lI.aJI B6JIH311 ero
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pacnpOCTpaHeHlle H3eJIHM H3 He(jJpIITa B ApyrHx
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mHHCTBO HX He H3 .MeCTHbIX ropHhIX nopo,J., a He
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3e.'1eHbIH HecppHT 113 npHaHrapbH npOHllKaJi
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qeCKHX rrorpe6emUIX Y r. CTa.TJHHCKa (0. CTaporo
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rrpeBOCXOHII.J.He no CBoeMY B03paCTY norpe6eHH5I
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rpOBaHHbIi:i HecppHTOBbIM TonopHK C 6HKOHlilIeCKHl\T
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I H. 11. 4: e p C K U it nlfCbMa H. .Q. I.Jepcl{oro
n H. 11. BUTKOBCKOMY. «Cuo. APXHB», 1911, oN!! 1. CTp. 41;
o H }K c. ECTecTBeHHo-HcloplfllecKue HaOJlfOJT.eHflSI H 380-
MeTKU Ha nym OT I1pKYicKa .no c. DpeOOpa>KeHCKOro Il<l
p. HUR<Heit TYHrYCKe. H3B. BCOprO, T. XVI, N'!! 1-3,
1885, crp. 275-278. - F is C h e f. Nephrit und JadeiL
1880, CTp. 399.
2 11. T. CaB e H K 0 B. KafeHHbJH BeK B M.l!H}IfHCKOM
Kpae. MaTep. no apxeO_10fUli BOCT. rV6epHlJH, 1896.
SbIn. 2, CTp. J79-261. .
JIH.TIC5I MeCTHblMH iKHTeJlHMH B Ka4eCTBe rpY3HJl8
..1JIH cenf (H3 npOXOpOBCKIiX o-Bax).
Em.e B 1879 r. H. C. nO;I5IKOB ony6m1KOBaJI
TaK>Ke Tonop H3 «AOBO'IbHO TBep..l.Oro Ka:\fHH, H3-
no:\tlIHaIOllI.erO cepneHTI1H M.,'Ill He<PPI1T», c.BeT.:1o".
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B KypraHcKof oKpyre. no .popMe OH 6JIIi3KO H8-
nOIHHaeT Hecppll10BbIe TonopbI npJ16aMKaJIMI,
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.:lax: 01:lepTaHlIH ero Y.iJ.JIHHeHHO-TpanenHeBli.lI.HhIe,
.lJe3BUe BhmYK..t10e, 60KOBb!e rpaHII oKpyrJIeHHbIe. 1
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ceporo H 3e.neHoro Heq,pHTa Ha ApeBHeihlleM H3
06HapY:iKeHHbIX B HaCTOHII.J.ee BpeMH HeO.IJHTH-
qeCKHX naMSITHHKOB YpaJIa - I10JIY.:teHc.Koii
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\ 11. C. n O:I fI K 0 B. OnllcaHlIe KaMeHUb1X Opy.n.MH
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aHTpono.:'I. It 3THorpa4>nlf, COCTOSllU. npH MotK. YHIIB.,
T. XXXV, tl. I, BbJn. 2, i\l., 1879, CTp. 91, pliC. 10.
2 O. H. I> a ,i:{ e p. Apxeo.TJoruqCCKlie IICCJIe,Z1.0BaHUfI H3
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B 1944 r. npeJ1BapHT. C006lU. KpaTK. co06IU. HHMK,
- XVI, 1947, CTp. 142; 0 H )K e. HeOJ1HUI1.IecKaSi 1"05\HKa Ha
p. Dony.n.eHKe 6.'1U3 T8orllJIa. nepBoe Ypa.'1bCKOe apxeo.10-
rnqeCKOe COBeIU.aHJle, MOJIOTOI3, 1948, CTp. 37-40.
3 r. «1>. .lI e 6 e 1{. OnbIT Bbl;J;eJIeHHH KY.'IbTypHhIX KOM..
n.iJeKCOI3 B HeO';UITe npH6aHKaJIbH, CTp. 163.
4 B CH6HpH teCTOpmKlI.eHHfI }KHpOBHK3 (6pYCHTa) OT-
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H. B.
48 ORJIa,n.HUHOE A. II.

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pa3Ho06pa3HbIM norpe6aJIbHbIM HHBeHTapeM.
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C HOB C K H H. OCTaTKH 110HCTOpHQeCKOrO npomnoro y c. Pac
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2 B. H. P a B 11 0 H H K a c. HeOnHTHQeCI<HH MonWbHHK
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3 M. M a K ape H K O. MapilOniJIbCblUiH MorIDlbHHK. KHiB,
1933.
fo H. Ii. B H T X 0 8 C K H H. OTtleT 0 paCKonKe MorHn
K8MeHHoro BtKa... 1138. BCOPfO, T. XIII, M 1-2,
crp. 7, 19.
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nOJIa, npM 3TOM B HeKoTopblX cnyq8HX KOCTHKH
3TH 6bIBaIOT opHeHTHpOBaHbI B pa3Hble CTOpOHhI,
no npaBIIJIY 3HTIITe3bI.
I1x Bn€pBhIe OnHCaJI BIITKOBCRHH !1JIH TorO }Ke
KHToikKoro MOrRJ1bHRKa. llIecToM n Ce1I.bMO'H
KOCTHKH H3 paCKonOK 1880 f. JIe}KaJIM, no ero
CJlOBaM. «HenocpellcTBeHHO O.llEH np" .npyroM H
6bIJIH oKpY}KeHhI 06IllE:\-f CJIoeM KpacHoro necKY
To.rrIIlHHOIO 11.0 3 BepmKoB». O.lI.HH KOCTHK t5bIJI
.06pameH rOJIOBOM Ha ceBepo-BocTOK, !lpyroH
B npoTHBOnOJIO}KHOM HanpaBJIeHHH, Ha IOfO-
3anall KHCTb npaBoH PYKR CKe.rr.eTa, 06pallle.H-.
Horo fOJIOBon. Ha ceBepo-BocTOJ<, JIe}K3JIa Ha JI06-
KOBbIX KOCTHX BTOp(lrO KOCTSIKa. CKeJIeT, PYKa
KOTOpOfO nOKOHJIaCb Ha Te.rr.e .lI.pyroro, O.lI.HH H3
HefHorHX B I(HTOHCKOM MOfIMbHHKe, n OlUla 10-
"
lI1.HHCH OnpeAeJIeHHIO nOJIa; CY.llH no He3H8qH-
"
Te..'1bHOH llIiipHHe Ta38 H MaCCHBHOCTJ.f KOCTen, OR
npHHa.lI.JIe>KaJI MY}KqIIHe. BTopofr CKe.rr.eT 6blJI
l\IeHbIlle pOCTOof H Mo.rrO}Ke, Bce ero KOCTH
,..
OKa3aJIHCb OOJIee TOHKHMH M oKpyrJIeHHhIMH.
1 Pre us s. Die Begdibnisarten, CTP. 385.
2 W. S ch mid t. Ursprung der Gottesidee, Bd. VI.
CTp. 338.
3 Pre u S S, }TK. COq., CTp. 301-302.

380
tJ:ACTb II. TIPHBAFUiA.TJbE B HEOJIHTH1:IECIiOE BPJ"i\HI
BepOHTHO, 3TO ObIJIa )f{eHIl1.HHa MOJIO;1.0ro B03-
paCTa. 1
B 1881 r. H. 11. BHTKOBCKIHf 6bIJIH CHOBa Han-
,J.eHbI JJ:Ba KOCTHKa [V2N2 7 H 8] B OE,HOM IvlOfll.iIe:
..-
«Me}KJJ:Y IIX rOJl0BaMII, oopameHHbC\m Ha ceBepo-
BOC;TOK, ObIJlO paCCT051HHe leHee 7 BeplllKoB, JIOK-
TeBble COl1JIeHeHHH conpIIKaCaTIHcb. OKpY>K3IOIll.a5I
IIX nOl1Ba 6bI.TIa 011eHb >KeCTKa H C TPY,J.OM OT-
iI.e.1JHJIaCb OT KocTeH. OpB pacKonKe 3Toro MeCTa
KpacHoTa nOKa3aJJaCb Y>Ke Ha fJIy6HHe 4 BepllI-
KOB B BII.lI.e HeOOJIblllHX nHTeH, KOTopbIe, nOCTe-
neHHO YBeJJHl1HBaHCb, CJIHBaJIHCb Ha rJIy6IIHe
7 BeplllKoB H 06pa30BbIBaJIH HaJJ. KOCTHKaMH
06III.1Il1 KpacHbIM nOKpoB, .lI.JIIIHOIO 2 apili.
7 BepIIIKoB H IIIHplIHOIO B 1 1 12 apIII.». OI1.IIH 113
.lI.BYX KOCTJlKOB ObJJI, nOBII.lI.Hl\IOMY, }KeHCKII;\L 2
Ha6JIIO.lI.eHHH BIITKOBCKoro nO.lI.TBep.!l.HJIHCb
n03)J.HeH1ll1lMH paCKonKaMH Ha UIIKJIO.lI.pOMe, r.lI.e
TaKiKe OblJlO Hai1.neHo 4 j},BOHHblX 3axopOHeHIISI.
B O.lI.HOM H3 HHX, 06HapYJKeHHOM B 1948 f., 06a
KOCTHK3 H8XO.iI.HJIHCb B 06meH MOrllJIbHOM 5IMe,
HO rOJIOBaMH OblJIH oopam.eHbl B pa3HbIe CTOpOHbl,
O.lI.HH Ha IOrO-BOCTOK, .iI.PYfOH Ha ceBepO-3ana,a.
nepBbIH KOCTHK npIiHajJ}Ie}KaJI MY>Kl1HHe, BTO-
pOM - }KeHIl{HHe. 11 TOT H .lI.PyroH 6bWH «06IIJIbHO
..
OKpaIIIeHbl OXPOH» If.TIH, BepHee, 3aCbmaHbI eW.
B .lJ.BOHHOM norpe6eHHH 1880 r. npH MY;KCKOM
KOCTHKe nOMem.aJIHCb CJIeJJ.YlOmHe BeIIJ.M: YKpa-
IIleHHH H3 KJIbIKa KaoaHa, KYCOK pora H3lOopa,
2 KOJIIOlll.HX 0PY,QHH H3 KOCTH H KYCOK KBapu.a,
4 KOCTHHbIX IIIIIJIa H3 KOCTH, 2 KOCTHHblX 6pac-
JIeTa .D...nH PYK, He£ppHTOBbIH TonopHK, 5 CTep-
}KeHbKOB ,QJIH KpW1.JKOB H3 >KHpOBIIKa, KaMeHHbIH
HaKOHellHHK CTpeJIbI, KYCOK KpOBaBHKa H .10naTKa
>KHBOTHoro.
npH }KeHCKOM (?) KOCTHKe HaHJ1.eHbI: Ha lIe-
pene YKpameHHSI 113 KJIbJKa Ka6aHa, Ha mee -"-
3 T8KIIX YKpaIIIeHHH, Ha rpYJJ,H - O>KepeJIbe H3
3YOOB OJIeHH, 2 CTep}KeHbKa .lI.JIH KpIOl1KOB,
4 KycKa Tpy611aToll KOCTII, KOJIIOlll.ee opY.l!.He H3
pora H3IOopa, nJIOCKHH KaMeHb - naJIeTKa ,QJISI
pacTHp3HHSI KpacKH H neCTHK K HeMY.
B JJ.BOHHOl\I norpeoeHHH 1881 r. npH MY>KCKO:\I
norpe6eHlfH 06HapY}KeHO ObIJIO CJIe.nYI01I.1ee:
5 KOCTHHbIX «Ill 11.11 beB», 2 KOJIIDlUHX 0pY)::{IIH Ii3
pora H3I06pa, 06JIOMKH KOCTHHbJX rapnYHoB 11
2 ll.eJIbIX rapnYHa, 3 HH>KHIIX JIeBbIX tIe.1JIOCTH.
606pa, 1 TonopHK H3 SIlllMbI, 15 TonopOB H3 He
.cppHTa (H3 HIIX 6 rpy60 060IITbIX), HecppHToBbIll
«cKpeooK» (HO}K) H OCKOJlOK HecppHToBoro 0pY
.ZI.HH, KOCTSlHaH «JIOIKKa», OCKOJIKH SUlIMbl, KYCOK
>KHpOBIIKa, 15 CTep>KeHbKOB .Ll.JISI pbI60.TIOBHbIX
KpI01:IKOB.
OpH . }KeHCKO:\{ KOCTHKe 6blJIH CJIe,1.)'IOIl1.He
npe.lI.;\{eTbI I1HBeHTapH: He4JpHTOBb!H Torrop, 06-
JIOMOK OPy.nHH H3 pora, 44 cTep>KeHbKa ,J..:1H
PbI60.,10BHbIX KpIOl1KOB, 33 OCKO.JIKa HWMbI Ii
HlllMOBaH lIJiaCTIIHa, OO.lI.eJIaHHbIH KorOTb, Kpl>!-
I H. 11. B If TKO B C K Ii H. KpaTKHH OTlleT 0 paCKonKe
MOn!JlbI K2:.\feHHoro neplio,a:a.... CTp. 6-7.
2 H. 11. B ff TKO B C K Ii H. OT'leT 0 paCKOI1Ke MOfll.'l
KaMeWIOro BeKa..., CTp.- 5-6.
.'IOBaH KOCTb lITU, II.bI KOCTHHoe IllHJIO, OOJIOl\IOK
KOCTHHoro rapnYHa, IJ5ITb HaKOHel1HHKOB CTpeJI
H3 HIll MbI.
B norpe6eHMH J\2 3 lI.HKJIOJI.POMOBCKoro MO-
I'HJIbHHKa tpacKonKH 1948 r.) !lpH MYX{CKOM
KOCTSIKe HaXO;I.HJlCSI TaKOH HHBeHTapb: .I1.Ba
KOCTHHbIX KIIH>K3.1Ja C KpeMHeBbIMH BK.lla....I:h!W3MH,
KOCTHHOI1: KIIH>Ka.1J oe3 BKJJa.lI.bIIlleii, KOCTHHoe
IlIH.1JO, 3 H306pa)KeHHR pbIO H3 KOCTH, 3 KpeMHe-
BbIX HaKOHe1:lHHKa CTpeJI, KHHIKaJIOBII.!I.I10e OCTpHe
fi3 pora, rapnYH, HecppHToBbIH HO}K, KpeIHeuble
oTlUenbI H lIJIaCTIIHbI, KOCTHHOll £pYTJISlP C IllHJIOM,
npOKOJIKa KpeI\meBaH, KorTIi MeJJ.Be)l.H, KpHBoe
3a3y6peHHoe oCTpHe .QJIH pbJOOJIOBHOrO KpI01:lKa
KpynHoro pa3Mep3.
npH }KeHCKOM KOCTRKe HMeJIHCb YKpallle!ilIH :13
KJIbIKOB KaoaHa; 3YObI 606pa, ,QBa nrO"lbI-IHKa
C Hr.TIaMH, paKOBHHHbIe 6YCbI, 3YO Mapa.;'I3, KOCTH-
HOM KHH>KaJl BKJl3.Ll.blilleBOro nma.
KaK CJIe.n:yeT I13 nepe1:lHSI BelUeH II Ta6mu.{bI 10
HHBeHTapb MY)KCKHX KOCTHKOB lIO COCTaBY cpaB-
HHTeJIbHO MaJIO OTJIH1:IaeTCH OT IIHBeHTapH meH-
CKHX. HHTepeCHO TOJIbKO HaJIHlIHe 44 !(PI01:IKOB
npll O.lI.HOM }KeHCKOM KOCTHKe H HBHoe npeoo.1Ja-
,naHlie TonopoB Y MY}KtIHH (17: 1). OTCIO.lI.a, c.!le-
;I.OBaTeJIbHO, He1Jb3H erne C.lI.eJIaTb BbIBOl{OB 0 Ka-
KOM-JIHOO OTJIlIlIlIH CneUH(pHlIeCKI1 >KeHCKOH:
ccpepbl TPY.lI.a OT MY>KCKOM, KaK 3TO oY;J.eT n03>Ke,
B fJIa3KOBCKoe BpeMH. TeM He MeHee BO Bcex
Tpex CJIYllaHX MY>KCKHe KOCTJlKH B O.n:HHX H Tex
me napHX 3axopOHeHHHX 3aMeTHO OTJIHlIalOTCH
OT >KeHCKHX 66JlbIllH}f 06HJIHeM BemeH H HX OTHO-
CHTeJIbHbIM pa3Ho06p33HeM.
Ho Ba>KHO D:a>Ke He 3TO, a TO, 1:ITO B .lI.30HHb!X
norpe6eHI151X K.HToilcKoro MOfHJlbHHKa, .n.ellcTBH-
TeJIbHO, MorYT .ne>KaTb MY}K1:IIIHbI H >KeHIIJ.lfHbI,
COe.lI.HHeHHbIe cynpY>KeCKOH CBH3bIO npH >KH3HH.
B 3TOM OTHOllIeHHII 3aCJIY>Kl1BaeT ynoMIIHaHHSI
BCTpe 1 IaBlllHHCH Y pa3JIIIlIHblX HapOJI.OB oObl l laH
COnpOBO>K.lI.eHHH YMepmero MY>Kl1HHbI >KeHlUlinOH
)KeHoH MJIIf HaJIO>KHIIueH - IlY}KepOJlKOH. Pac-
cMaTpIfBaH neporJImlmllecKYJO nHCbMeHHOCTb
KHTaH KaK HCTOpH1:IeCKliM HCT01JHHK, reop.rHeB-
CKHM oTMeTH.ll, 'iTO nepOrJIHcp «>KeHHTbCH» 06pa-
30BaJICSI H3 3HaKOB «6paTb B TIJIeH» H «.lI.eBHua»;
3HaK 3aBHCTb Bblpa60TaJICH nYTeM COe.lI.HHeHHH
H,n:eorpaMM «11.eBIIll.a» H «rpaHIIll.a»; «CBa-
T3TbCH» - 3HatIHT TO )Ke, tI10 «BoeBaTb», H60
B 3TOM nepOfJIIIcpe C01:leTalOTCSI 3HaKli «l1eJIOBeK»
H «OPY)I{He».1
TeM HHTepecHee, 'ITO B KIIT8MCKOM Hepor.lmtl>e
5IpKO OTpa3HJIOCb 06bIKHoBeHHe XOpOHHTb iKeny
BCJIe.n: 3a MY>KeM B O.lI.HOH 06illeH MOrMJIe. «)Keu-
illHHa» nlIllleTCH KaK «ycOnInaH MaTb», npH'leM
3TOT lIepOrJIHcp COCTOHT H3 3HaKOB HarJIHl-U-IO
1f300pa}KaIOIIJ.HX, KaK OJJ.HH 1:IeJl0BeK CJIe.lI.yeT 3a
.lI.PyrHM (B MOrllJIy).2
Ta611Hua 10
MY}KCKHe norp e6eBHH
KHTOHCKHH MorH:bHHK
}KeHcKHe norpe6eHHH
KHTOHCKHH MorHbHHK I
-- UHK.:IO.1POM.
N!!N!1 6-7, N!!X!! 6-i, N!! 3. 19431'. \ Bcer _ o
1880 f. 1881 f.
N!! 6-7,
1880 r.
X!!J\ 6-7,
1881 I'.
I
I
llHKlIOJ1POM, I Bcero
1:V!! 3, 1943 r. i
Bell.{H
I ,
Tep1KeHbKH KPlOqKOB. . . 5 15 t 20 2 44 46
I
CTpHH KPlOqKOB . . -+- -t- 1 1
. . . I
I
\2 -+- 061l0MKH; I 2 1 1
fapnYHbI . . . . . , . . . i
I
I I .
CTpHH H WH.'IbH H3 KOCTH . 6 5 I 1 12 1 1
.
I
. I
:
KOlllOIl\He OpYJI.HH H3 pora 2 1 2
H3106pa . . . . . . . . . I 2 1
HaKOHeqHHKIf CTpeJI H3 I 4 5 5
KpeMHH . . . . . . . . . 1 3
Tonopbl HepHToBble 1 15 , 16 1 1
. . . I
! I
i 1 I 1
Tonopbl H3 lI11IMbl . . . . . I
I
1
H01lt:H (<<cKpe6KH&) He<}JpHTO- ! 1 1 2
Bble . . . . . . . . . '1 I i
I I 1
I \ 2 2
KHH)KamJl BKJ1ajJ.blllIeBble. . i 1
I I
,
I !
KHHJKaJ1oBHJI.HbI e OCTpHH H3 ! I 1 J
\ 2 2
pora UIIH KOCTH . . . . . I I
I
I I I 2 2
I1rOJlbHHKH . . . I 1 1
. . . . . I
.
I i
I -+- -+-
HI' .11>1 . . . . . . . . . . I I I
I
I J 2 6
! I 1 I
KJIblKH Ka6aHa . . . , 1
. . . ! I
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: I 4 I -+- .....
3y6bl H3106pa . . . . . . . j
! 1
i ( I
, OlKepeJIbe I -I- -+
! I
K.'1b1KH- 606pa . . . . . . . ! I ,
- i I
. I
! i
1..Je.lIIOCTH 606pa 3 i 3 I
. . . . . . I I
. !
i I
I I I I -+- +
PaKoBHHHble 6ycbI I I
. . . . I I
!
I I
I i 1
J10naTKH }KHBOTHbIX . . . . 1 ! I
, I
- I
I
i ,
I 1 1
nalleTKH JI.lIJJ OXPbI . . . . , .
I
I
necTHKH . . i 1 1
. . . . . . . .
,
I
KocTHHble .I(O}KKH . . . . . I 1 1
KOCTlIHble H306pa1KeHHH pbl6 3 I 3
I
Kpep,meBble OTluenbl . -+- -+- -I- ;- -+- ;..
. . . I
,
I
EpaClIeTbI H3 KOCTH . . . . I 2 2
. . I J
npoXOllKH KpeMHeBble . . 1 1
c
o
o
I C. reo p r H e B C K H ii. AHa.lIM3 HeporJIIfHqeCKO"
KHTaikKOH nHCbMeHHOCTH. K8K OTpa>KaIOU1.efl B ce6e liCTO-
pHIO >KH3HH .ApeBHero KHTsikKoro HapOl{a. Cn6., 1888.
CTp. 24-25.
2 TaM >Ke, CTp. 66.

382
tJACTb II. rrPHBARRA.lIbE B HEO..1HTHtJECROE BPEMJI
I'nABA VIII. KHTOHCKHfl a.TAII
383
Boo6m.e }Ke conOrpe6eHHe }KHBbIX C YMepWHMH
5' 'KHTae H3pe,lJ,Ka CYI.qeCTBOBaJlO BnJlOTb ,lJ,0
XVII B. 1
J1.JlH rrpaBIIJlbHOrO 06"bHCHeHHH xapaKTepa COB-
MecTHbIX norpe6eHHH: MY}KtIHH H }KeHIlUiH
'B KHTOH:CKOe BpeMH CJIeJI.yeT TalOKe HMeTb B nHJlY,
lITO OHH He HBJIHIOTCH qeM-TO HCKJII01:IHTeJIbHbB-l
H HeoObItIHbIM. «Kypbe3HbIM OObltIal'l» XOpOHIITb
ceMeHH)'1O napy B O.lI.HOH MOrHJIe TaKHI 06pa30M,
tITO MY}KtIHHa JIe}KHT HaBepxy, a }KeHII.J.HHa
BHH3Y, npHtIeM: 'l\'IY}KCKaH PYKa JIeLlUIT Ha }KeH-
CKOM' TI06Ke, OTMetIaeTcH IH B CeBepHOH AMepHKe,
B- paHOHe Young-Cultur, OnlO (OKO.ll0 1400-
1700 rr. H. 3.?). 2 OC06bIH HHTepec .lI.JIH HaIIIefi
TeMbI rrpe.n:CTaBJIHIOT TaK1Ke COBMeCTHbIe. .norpe-
6eHHH, XOpOIIIO H3BecTHble Ha IOre CCCP,
B KypraHax CO CKOptIeHHbIMH H OKpallieHHbIMH
KOCTHKaMH.
Bonpoc 0 COBMeCTHbIX 3axopOHeHHHX TaKoro
pO.lI.a, KaK YKa3aHHbIe BbIllie, B HaIIleM JIHTepa-
TYpe BrrepBble nOCTaBJIeH B. A. [Op01UJ.OBbIM,
a 3aTeM 6bIJI Cnel.{HaJIbHO paCCMOTpeH M. H. Ap-
'l'aMOHOBbIM, KoropbI.H 06CTOHTeJIbHO HCCJIe.zr:o-
BaJI Bce OTHOCHllJ,HecH CIO,l{a cpaKTbI H3 KypraHoB
co CKoplIeHHbIMH 11 OKpaIIleHHbI.MH KOCTHKaMIi.
. B CBoe BpeMH B. A. rOpO.!I.lJ.OB )'}Ke npHilleJI K
BbIOO,lJ,Y, tITO B pH.ae YCTaHOBJIeHI-IbIX Hl\I CJIytIaeB
«nOKOMHHKH nOJIaraJIHCb O)J,HOBpe\leHHO, a CJIe)J,o-
BaTeJIbHO, nO,lJ,tIHHeHHbIe H3 HHX .lI.OJI}KHbI 6bITb
..1HlIleHbI }KH3HH HaCIIJIbCTBeHHo».3 OCHOBaHHe .lI.JIH
npe.n.nOJIO>KeHIIH 0 HepaBHonpaBHOM nOJIO}KeHHH
aeI<:QTopbIX norpe6eHIIbIX OR BHL!.eJI 3.lI.eC& B TOM,
liTO nOCJIe;J.HHe 6bIJIH opHeHTlipOBaHbI B MOrUJIe
no npaBHJIY aHTHTe3bI, T. e. cuBeprueHHo npOTH-
. a
BOnOJIO}KHO HanpaBJIeHHIO :'JlaBHOrO nOKOUHHKa,
JIHUOM K HeMY. TaKOM cnoc06 3aXOpOHeHHH, KaK
nOJIaraJI B. A. [Opo.lI.UOB, HaXO.lI.HJICH B CBH3H C
 .,
TeM, tITO nOKOIIHHKH «CCCTaB.TJ:mOT qJIeHOB OlUIOIi
., .,
MHOrO}KeHHOH CeMbH», T. e. MOHOraMHOH naTpH-
., .,
8 pXaJ"IbHOH CeMbH, tIJIeHbI KOTOpOH nOJIHQCTblO
nO,lJ,tIHHeHbI ee rJIane. «H3yqaH pacnOJIO}KelHie
KOCTHKOB H OTHomeHne HX J(pyr K .lI.pyry,-
nHCaJI B. A. rOpO.lUIOB, - npeJI.CTaBJIS!JIOCb B03-
a
:\IO}KHblM 3aKJII01.J:HTb. qTO BCe nOKOHHHKH 3aXO-
poHeHbI B O.lI.HO Bpem H npeJI.CTaBJIHIOT 1.J:JIeHOB
O.II.HOH CeMbH, COnpOBO}K.n:aBmIlX CBoero rJIaBY...
Ba}KHOro rOCnO.lI.HHa, 3a KOTOp, bI:M BepOHTHee
Bcero, HaCHJIbCTBeHHoro 3aCTaBH..1H H.zr:TH B MO-
rHJIY }KeH H JI.eTeH». 4
KOCTHK, nOJIO}KeHHbIH B :\wrHJIY BMeCTe C JlPY-
fHMH, HO opHeHTHpOBaHHbIH B npOTHBOnOJIO}KHOM
HanpaBJIeHlm, no ero MHeHllIO, npHHaJJ.JIe}KaJI
) E. f. r p Y M - f p )I{ H M a H .iI o. 3aIIaJlHaH .MoHro.'lHH
H YpHHxaHcKHH KpaH, BbIII. If, CTp. 77t3.
2 P. s. 101. a r ti n, G. I. Qui m b v, D. Coli i e r.
Indians before Columbus, CTp. 281. - CCbI.1Ka Ha:
F. F. G r e e n m a i n. The Younge Site, an archaeol.
record from Michigan. Univ. of Michigan, Museum of
Anthropol, Occasional Contributions, vol. VI, 1937.-
J. B. G r iff in. The Iroquois in American Prehistory.
Papers of Michigan Acad. of Sci., Arts and Letters,
vol. XXIX, 1924.
3 Tp. XII ApxeoJI. C'be3Jl8, T. I, CTp. Ji9, 192.
-I Tp. XIII ApxeoJI. C"be3,Zt8, T. I, CTp. 225, 314.
paGy HJIH CJIyre. PaCCMOTpeB 3aHOBO HMeIO-
IIIHikH MaTepHaJI no 3THM norpe6eHHSlM,
M. H. ApTaMOHOB npHIIIeJI K BbIBOJI.Y, liTO B KYP-
raHax co CKoptJeHHbIMH H OKpalIIeHHhlMH KOCTH.
KaMH «cOJI.ep}KHTCH JI.OCTaT1.J:HO .1J.aHHbIx, tIroObI
B 3noxy HX cyruecTBoBaHHH CtIHTaTb pacnpOCTpa-
HeHHbI!\1H JI.Ba 06bI1.J:aH: YMepruBJIeHHH MaJIOJIeT-
HHX p:eTeH, Bc.TIe.rr.cTBHe cMepTH MaTepn, H y6HM-
CTBa }KeHm.HH .lI.JIH norpe6eHHH B MOrHJIaX HX
...
MY>KeH».
npll 3TOM, O.lI.HaKO, 06blqaii YMepruBJIeHHH
>KeHm.HH - }KeH npH CMepTH HX MY}KeH, nOJIaraeT
!vI. 11. ApTaMOHOB, 3a Bce BpeMH cyruecTBoBaHHH
TaKHX KypraHoB He HBJIHJICH Bce06ruHM. 06bIl1aH:
YMepII.J.BJIeHHH }KeHII.J.HH npHMeHHJICH TOJIbKO B
OTHoweHHH onpeJ(eJIeHHbIX }Ke.HII.J.HH. CY.lI.H no
3THorpacplitIeCKHM ,lJ,aHHbIM, Y rex nJIeMeH, rn.e
cyrueCTBOBaJI TaKOM 06bIqaif, OH npHMeHHJICH
rJIaBHbIM 06pa30M npl'! norpe6eHHH 3HaTHblX H
60raTbIX JIHn, He pacnpOCTpamlHCb Ha BCIO Macy
HaCeJIeHHH, H B pOJIH }KepTBbI tIalI{e Bcero BbICTY-
llaJIH He }KeHbI B COOCTBeHHOM CMbICJIe 3TOro
CJIOBa, a pa6bIHH - HaJIO}KHHItbI HJIH npOCTO
pa6bIHII, BbIpBaHHbIe H3 BeeH: cOBoKynHocTH cy-
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m.eCTBOBaBlliHX COl.{HaJIbHbIX CBH3eH, B OTJIHqHe
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..
CTBeHHOM po.zr:y H OCHoBaHHbIe Ha HeH npaBa H
OTHOIlIeHHH K CBoeMY MY}KY H era pO.lI.y. Pa6b1HH
ObIJIa nOJIHOM JIH1.J:HOM c06CTBeHHOCTbIO npH06peB-
IIIero ee MY}KtIHHbl H KaK nOJIaraeT M. H. ApTa-
MOHOB" C ero' cMepTbro TepHJIa e):lHHCTBeHHYIO
OCHOBY .lI.JIH CBoero CYIneCTBOBaHHS! B Henpax
tJY}Koro eM pOJla.
COBMecTHbIe norpe6eHHH >KeHllUIH C MY}KtIH-
HaMH B KypraHax co cKoptJeHHbIMH H oKpaweH-
HbIMH KOCT'HKaMH, 3aKJII01.J:aeT OH CBOH BbIBO.llbl,
OTHOCHTCH KO BpeMeHH, KOr.lla naTpHJIOKaJIbHble
6paKH 6bIJIH eJJ.HHHqHbIMH CJIyqaHMH H npaKTHKo-
BaJIHCb TOJIbKO B BH.n.e HCKJIIOqeHHH BO}KJ(HMH H
Bo06rue CHJIbHbIMH H BJIHS!TeJIbHbIMH JIHl.{aMH, 'HOO
«opaK nOCpe.lI.cTBoM HaCHJIHH HHKOf.lI.a He ObIJI H
He Mor 6bITb Bce06I.qeH: 4>OpMOM YJKe no O.1J. H OMY
TOMY, 1.J:TO IIOXHI.qeHHe }KetlI.qHH 6bIJIO CBH3aHO
C 060CTpeHHeM oTilOIIIeHHH: Me>K.ZI.Y po.n.aMH H
., .. ..
nJIeMeHaMH, C KpOBHOH MecTbIO H BOHHOH.
Kor.n.a }Ke naTpHJIOKaJIbHbIH: 6paK C.Qe.naJICH .llJlH
Bcex Heo6xo.lI.HMbIM, MeCTO HaCHJIHH 3aHHJIO CO-
rJI8IIIeHHe, OOMeH, XOTH 6b1 H COBepWaeMbIH: 80
BHelliHeM 060JI01.J:Ke HaCHJIHS!. ECTeCTBeHHO, 1.J:TO
BMeCTe co cnoco60M npHo6peTeHHH H3MeHHJIOCb
H nOJIO}KeHHe }KeHbI. OHa y}Ke He OJI.Ha CTOSIJIa
nepeJI. MY>KeM Hero pOJI.OM. 3a Hero 6bIJIa no,lJ,-
ep}KKa ee pO.QCTBeHHHKOB; ee MeCTO B ,lJ,OMe
MY}Ka _Onpe,lJ,eJIHJIOCb COrJIaIIIeHHeM, no KOTOPOMY
OHa H ee .QeTII nOJIyqaJIH 3JJ.ecb onpe):le.neHHbIe
npaBa».l
TaKHM 06pa30M, COBMecTHbIe norpe6eHHH MY}K-
qllH H }KeHII.J.HH B KypraHax CO CKOp1JeHHbIMH H
OKpaIIIeHHbI MH KOCTHKaM'H, no MHeHHIO M. H. Ap-
I M. H. ApT a M 0 HOB. CoBMeCTHbie IIorpe«5eHHH
B' KJ'praHax co CKOpqeHHblMH H oKpameHHblMH KOCTHK8MH.
np06JIeMbI HCTOpHH .l{OKIIHT. o6I1!., 1934, HI! 7-8,
cTp. 108-125.
TaMOHOBa, CBHJI.eTe.nbcTBYIOT ..TIHWb 0 paHHeii
cpopMe naTpHJIOKaJIbHOrO 6paKa, KOra OR He
6BIJI' Bceo6lI{HM HBJIeHHeM. norpe6eHHH 3TH 3aKO-
HOMepHO CTaHOBHTCH erne 60JIee pe.lI.KHMH B no-
CJIe.iI.YIOm.ee BpeMS! Cpy6HbIX IIorpe6eHIIH, B KOHll.e
Me.lI.HO-6pOH30Boro BeKa, KorD;a naTpHapX.,aJIbHO-
pO.lI.OBbIe OTHOIIIeHHH H naTpllJIOKanbHbIH opaK
CKJIa.lI.bIBaIOTCH B OKOH1:IaTeJIbHO:\{ BH)J.e. B 3TO
BpeMH OHH HBJIHIOTCH Y}Ke npIIHaJ.we}KHOCTblO
,MOrliJI npe.lI.CTaBHTeJIeH ocoooro, tIeTKO BbI.1J.eJIHIO-
I..qerOCH, COnHaJIbHOrO CJIOH - apHCTOKpa!IIH.
Bonpoc 0 COBMeCTHbIX .lI.BOHHbIX norpeoeHHHX B
KHTOHCKoe BpeMH, O.ll.HaKO, He HCtIepnbIBaeTCH
B03MO}KHOCTblO 3axopOHeHHH C MY}K1:IIIHaMH HX
JKeH-HaJIO}KHHll. HJIH paObIHb.
Haxo,QKa nepBbIX napHbIX norpe6eHH.H Ha
l...lHKJIO,lJ"poMe B 1928 r. cpa3)'}Ke BbI3BaJIa no-
nbITKY HHTepnpeTall.HH IIX KaK ceMeHHbIX 3axopo-
HeHHH. B HHX BH,l{eJIli «cynpY}KeCKYIO napy».
BbIcKa3bIBaJIOCb TaK}Ke MHeHlle, 1:ITO «napHbIe no-
rpe6eHHH» 6bIJIH MOrliJIaMH rJIaB ceMeMcTB C HX
»eeHaMH HJIH pa6bIHHMH. AHTpono.ll0rH1:IeCKUe IIC-
CJIe.lI.OBaHHH KOCT51KOB H3 lI.m{JIO.lI.pO1a BbIHCHHJIO,
O,].HaKO, HemKHlI.aHHoe 06CTOHTeJIbCTBO: no onpe-
D;eJIeHHIO r. ct>. J1.e6eua, Bce KOCTHKH (KpoMe
O.lI.HOrO .rr.eTcKoro) HMeJIH i.\1Y}KCKHe npH3HaKH. He
}KeHIll.HHa oonpoBo)KJI,aJIa 3lf.eCb Ha «TOT CBeT»
MY.>K1:IIIHY, a MY}K1.J:HHa :\-IY.lKqHHY. Te1 cymecTBeH-
Hee HeKOTopbIe pa3JIHtIHH Me}l{)l;y KOCTHKaMH, no-
rpe6eHHbIMH B .lI.BOMHbIX 3axopOHeHHHX ll.HKJIO-
;r,pOMa, .no KOJIH1:IeCTB)' 1I xapaKTepy IIorpe6aJIb-
Aoro HHBeHTapH.
B lI.HKJIO.1J.pOMe npH OJJ.HOM H3 .IT.BYX KOCTHKOB
norpe6eHHH N2 2 H:\-IeJIHCb TOJIbKO 2 KJIbIKa Ka-
oaHa H 1 O}KepeJIbe H3 pe311.0B rpbl3YHa, npH
BTOpO),oI }Ke ,n:O.TIOTO H3 pora JIOCH, rJIa.lI.HJIbHIIK,
2 KOCTHHbIX OCTpHH II TaKoe }Ke O}Kep eJI be.
npH nepBOM KOCTHKe norpe6eHHH N2 3 HaH.
n:eHbI 06JIOMOK JIonaTKH JIOCH, O}KepeJIbe H3 pe3-
U.OB rpbI3YHa, OOJIOMKH KHH}KaJIa BKJIa.lI.bIllieBOfO
rnr£a, HO}K H3 HecppHTa, 2 HaKOHe1JHHKa CTpeJI H
5 OTI.qenOB, «nllJIKa» (BK..TIaJI.HOe JIe3BHe) H3
CJIaHll.a. npH BTOpO:\1 KOCTHKe 3Toro norpe6eHHH
HaH.u.eHo TOJIbKO O}KepeJIbe H3 pe3UOB rpbI3yna,
n03BOHOK JIOCH H 06.TIOMOK Ta30BOH KOCTH KOCYJIH.
TaKHe }Ke pa3JIlltIHH B COCTaBe Bem.eH 6bI.r1H
xapaKTepHW H .1J.JIH norpe6eHHH 2 4 Ha LlIIKO-
Jtpo:\fe (1928 r.).
..
HHBeHTapb, cOnpOBO}K.lI.aBIIIHH KOCTHKH H3
3THX l{BOHHbIX 3axopoHeHHH lI.IIKJIoJJ.poMa, oOHa-
pY}KHBaeT 3;I.eCb, no cpaBHeHlllO C onHCaHHbIMJI
BbIIIle TpeMH JIOrpe6eHIIHMH, 60JIee onpeJI.eJIeHHbIe
pa3.TJ:HQHH. TOJIbKO npH O.lI.HO:\{ H3 napHbIx KOCTS!-
KOB HMeIOTCH 06bItIHO Opy.aHH Tpy If.a II BeII.J.II
.rryqIIIero KatIeCTBa; BTOpOH }Ke KOCTHK Ha.lI.eJIeH
ropa3JI.0 60JIee CKY.lI.HbUI HMYIIJ.eCTBO:\'1 II, npeHMY-
w.eCTBeHHO, TOJIbKO 011 II IIIb JIHl1HbIMIi YKpaIIIe-
HHHMH.
B CBeTe HOBbIX 4>aKToB 3aCJIY}KHBaIOT. BHIIMa-
HHH TaK.>Ke CMe..'Ible BbIBO,l{bI H. 11. BHTKOBCKoro,
C)J.eJIaHHbIe Hl\'l BO BTOpOM OTtIeTe 0 paCKonKax
KHToiicKoro MOrHJIbHHKa. H. H. BHTKOBCKHH
npnoara TorJ(a HaJIH1JHe COHaRbHOro Hep-
BeHCTBa B -06II.J.ecTBe KHTOMll.eB KaK npHQHHY pa3-
JIH1:IIIH Me.>K..lI.Y OTJI.elbHbIMH 3axopOHeHHHMH.
«no KOJIlIl1eCTBY Hafur.eHHbIx npH HHX Be-
w.eM, - nHCaJI Hcc",le.ll.OBaT€.ilb 0 KOCTHK:ax
.i\'QJ\'Q 9-12, - qeTblpe nOCJIe.n;HHe KOCTHKa npeJI.-
CTa8JIHIOT 3aMe1:laTeJIbHOe 1ICKJII01:IeHlle, TaK KaK
..
HH OAHH H3 OCTaJIbHbIX .lI.Ba,l{l.{arn, HaH.lI.eHHbIX B
npOIIIJIO:\f H HbIHeIIIHe:\1 ro.ay, 3a HCKJIIOQeHHeM,
BnpOl1eM, OCTOBa pe6eHKa (CM. OT1:IeT 1880 1.), He
OKa3a....ICH TaKIiM 6e.lI.HHKOM. 06CTOS!TeJIbCTBO 3TO
B CBH3H C HaXO}KJteHlle:\I CKa3aHHbIX KOCTHKOB I;:t.
KpalO 6yrpa H Ha 3Ha1:lHTeJibHOM' paCC'I.'OHHHri OT
np01:lllX n"03BOJIHeT npe.lI.nOJIaraTb, tITO H B nepHO.q:
KaMeHHbIX OPYJtHM CYIIJ.eCTBOBaJIa Y}Ke JUIYII.J.e-
CTBeHHaH p03Hb, H nOC'lepTHbIe OCTaHKH H,HMy-
I..qHX norpe6aJIHCb, KaK H - B Hallie BpeM 1,_ H.a
OKpaHHax KJIa:.r.6HII.J.a».1 . nplI3HaK HM)TII.ecTBeH-
Horo II COll.HaJIbHOrO HepaBeHCTBa H. H. BHTlOB-
CKIIH BHD;eJI TaK.>Ke H B HepaBHOMepHOCTH
OKpaCKH MorllJIbHOro neCKa oxpoii. CCbIJIaHCb H3
CTaTblO EeXTepeBa B «BeCTHHKe EBponbI», r.lI.e
npHBO,l{UJIIICb CBe.a.eHHH 0 JIorpeOaJIbHbIX 06bIQaHX
y).J.MypTOB, npHB0311BllillX 1.J:aCTO 113.n:aJIeKa KpacHyIO
fJIIIHY.lI.JIH 3axopOHeHHH B HeM MepTBblx, BHTKOB-
CKHH nllIIIeT JI.aJIee: «BecbMa B03MO>KHO, - nOJIa-
raro -SI, - 1.J:TO eCJIH 6bI npHlliJIOCb HCCJIe.ltBaTb
TaKHe,- OKpameHHbIe npuB03HOIO rJIHHOIO MOrHJIbI
BOTHK0l3, MO.>KHO 6bIJIO 6bI BCTpeTHTb B HUX TaKoe
}Ke HepaBHoMepHoe pacnpe.lI.eJIeHHe KpacHmero
BeII.J.ecTBa, KaKoe mi6.,'1IO.TI.aJIOCb H B. MOfJIJIaX, HC-
CJIe.u.OBaHHbIX :\oJHOIO Ha 6epery AHrapbI, H B
060HX coilytIaHX BepOHTHolO npHqHHoro SIBoIleHHSI
MO}KHO 6bIJIO 6bI C1.J:HTatb HepaBHYIO CTeneHb 1\.1a-
TepHaJIbHOrO 6JIarOCOCToHHHH npH }KH3HH».2
4TO KacaeTCH LlHKJIOpOMOBCKoro MOrHJIbHHKa,
r.lI.e H3 13 norpe6eHHM 4 OKa3aJIUCb napHbIMH, a
2 TpOMHbIMH, TO H B ileM, KaK yc;raHOBJIeHO B
1948 r., HapH.n:y C pe3Ko BbI.lI.lHIOII.J.lnmCH 06H-
JIHeM Bem.eM, HMeJIliCb norpe6eHHH «6e.lI.HbIe»,
nOtITH cOBepllieHHo JIHIIIeHHbIe BeII.J.eH. TaKOBbl
OJ(HH01.J:HOe norpe6eHHe N2 2, B KOropOM OKa3a-
JIOCb TOJIbKO JIHIIIb 4 pe311.a 606pa, 1I, nOBH.lI.H-
:\IOMY, 2 O.lI.HHOQHbIX '}Ke KOCTHKa oe3 BeIll.efi,
BbI6poIIIeHHblx pa601.J:HMH npa CTpOHTeJIbCTBe, a
TaK}Ke TpoHHoe 3axopoHeHHe .N'2 6, B KOTOpOM
H:\IeJIHCb KOCTHKH, npIIHa.lI.JJe}KaBIIIHe oI"IIO.rr51I
IOHoro B03paCTa, TO}Ke 6e3 BeII.J.eH. «Ee.u.HbIe» Be-
Ill.a:MII 3axopOHeHHH KIITOHCKoro 3Tana BCTpe1.J:eHbI
TaKJKe Ha JIeHe B ,lI.ep. I01I1HHO H B CTapoM Ka-
1:Iyre. B O.aHOI 113 norpe6eHHH Y .u.ep. IOlIllIHO
HaH.lI.eH TO..'IbKO rapnYH 113 pora II npOCBepJIeHHbIe
pe3UbI Q./leHH, nplI .lI.pyrO:\'1 He ObIJIO  3Toro.
. B CTapOM Kal1yre rrpH KOCTHKe Hall.lI.eHbI JIHlIlb
KJIbIKH Ka6aHa, COCTaBJIHBIIIHe ero rOJIOBHoe
YKp-ameHHe.
TaKIIM 06pa30M, Yl1HTbIBaH Bce, 1:ITO H3BeCTHO
..
Tenepb 0 naMSITHHKax KHTOHCKoro THna, npHXO-
ilHTCH KOHCTaTHpOBaTb, 1:ITO Ha 3TO BpeMH I!aJI.aIOT
V}Ke KaKue-TO Ba}KHbIe C,U,BHfH B X03HlICTBeH-
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1 H. H. B H TKO B C K H H YK. C01i., CTp. 7.
2 TaM -)J{e, crp. 18-19.

384
qACTb II. nPHBAFiRA.'IbE B HE0011HTHQECROE BPEiVl.H
r.L\UA nIl. IWTOHChllH STArt
383
npH63MKaJIbSI, BnepBble H3Me1:l8IOTCSI npHHll.H-
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(cepOBCKHM BpeMeHeM), 1:IepTbI 6bITa. CJIeJJ.yeT
c.neJIaTb BbIBO,!{, l1TO .lI.BOHHbJe 3axopOHemUI KHTOH-
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CKoro TH.na ObIJIH. M.OrI-iJIaf\Ui JIIO;:J.el1., 3aHHlaBlliHX
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3TMX, .lI.OJI}KHO 6bITb, COnpOBO}K.lI.aJIH «Ha TOT
CBen> BTopOCTeneHHbIe nOKOHHIIKH, B O:l.HIIX c..'1y-
qaHX nOCJIe.Zl.HHe MOrJIH 6bITb .>KeHaMH-HaJIO>KHH-
naMH, B J1.PyrMx .>Ke pa6al\1H-BOeHHOnJIeHHbIm
MY}KCKOrO nOJIa.
HapSI.D.Y C JllO.n.bMH, BJla.n.eBlIIRMH >Ke.HaMH-Ha-
JIO}KHHuaMH MJIH pa6aMH, cOnpOBO}K.lI.aBIIIHMlIcSI
60JIee pa3Ho06pa3HbIM H 06HJIbHblM norpe6a.TJb-
HhIM HHBeHTapeM, cYIIJ.eCTBOBaJIH pHoBble qJIeHbl
pOJI.a, KOTopble 3axopOHeHhI 6bIJIIf B OJI.JIHOqHhIX
MOrMJIaX CO CKy;r.HbIM HHBeHTape'1 llJIH JI.a.>Ke
COBceM 6e3 Belueii.
COOTBeTc.TBeHHo YCJIO>KHSIeTCSI, OtleBliJlHo, Te-
nepb M BCH .ZI.yxoBHaSI KYJIbTypa 3Toro HaCeJIeHMH.
B HeH TO}Ke eCTb qepTbI HOBoro. B 3TOM JIerKO
y6e.ll.IITbCH, nepeHJI.H K HCKYCCTBY H K norpe6a..TJb-
HOl\oJY pHTyaJIY, no-cBoeMY oTpamaIOIll.eMY, KaK
MbI BMJI.eJIH, He TOJIbKO MHpOB033peHHe oc06eHHO
B TOH ero qaCTH, K KOTOpOH OTHOCHTCH B3rJIH.lI.bI
Ha cYJI.b6bl tle.rrOBeKa, Ha >KH3Hb H CMepTb, HC H
COll.llaJIbHbIe OTHomeHHH..
IV. YXOBHAH RYbTYPA
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qeM MX npeJI.IIIeCTBeHHIIKH, nOJIb30BaJIHCb 06blI-
HbIMM YKpaIIIeHHSIMH KaMeHHoro BeKa, C)I,eJIaH-

HbIMH M3 KaMHH II KOCTH, B ocooeHHOCTH H3 3Y-
OOB }KHBOTHbIX - KJIbIKOB Ka6aHa, pe311.OB I\1a-
paJIa, BOJIKa HJIH JIHCbI, 600pa. ORH j.{a}Ke 3Ha1:l1l-
TeJIbHO YCOBepIIIeHCTBOBaJIH 3TH npOCTble YKpallIe-
HMH, C]1.eJIaJIH RX 60Jlee CJlO}KHbIMll H HapHJI.HbIMH.
nepBoe MeCTO cpeJI.II HHX no npaBY npHlIa,ltJIe>KHT
pacu.\enJIeHHbIM KJIbIKal\.I KaoaHa, KOTopble HaH-
)I.eHbI B .l1:ep. PacnYTIIHo, B KHTOikKOM MOfMJIb-
HMKe M llIIKJIO.lI.pOMe Ha AHrape, B CTapoM Ka-
Qyre Ha BepxHeH JIeHe.
B KIITOMCKOM MOrMJIbHIIKe npll KOCTHKe li3
norpeoeHHH N2 1 (1880 r.) OKa3aJIOCb 2 pacKo-
JlOTblX KJIbIKa Ka6aHa. O;r.HH 113 HHX Jle}KaJI Ha
JI6y, .lI.PyroM Ha mee; 06a HMeJIIi .lI.bIPOqKH Ha
KOHll.ax M 6bIJIli J:IanpaBJleHbI ll.IHpOKHM KOHll.O:\!f
BJJeBO.
npM norpe6eHIIH ,N'Q' 5 OKa3aJIOCb 5 KJIbIKOB
Ka6aHa. nepBbIH .rre.>KaJI «Ha qepene, Ha 3aTbIJIOtI-
Hoff 0 KOCTII»; 4 KJlbIKa .TIe.>KaJIH B OOJIaCTH IIIeH,
Ka}KJ1.bIM M3 HHX liMeJI Ha mlipOKOM KOHu.e TpM
.l1:bIPOqKH, Ha Y3KOM - OAHY. Ha JIOY KOCTHKa
Ng 6 HaH.l1:eHO «YKpameHl1e M3 Y3eHbKoH nJIa-
CTHHKII KJIbIKa, nHJIOBM.lJ.HO 3a3y6peHHoH co CTO-
pOHbI, 06pall1.eHHOii K JlMll.Y».
npH KOCTHKe ,Ng 7 Ha TeMeHH nOtITM Ha JIaM6-
u
11.0BH.lI.HOM IlIBe HalIlleHO «YKpameHHe 113 paCKO-
JIOTOrO KJIblKa Ka6aHa». Ha mee 6blJIO 3 TaKHX
yKpalIIeHHH. npH KOCTHKe N2 8 Ha wee Jle>KaJlH
3 K'1bIKa Ka6aHa, paCrraBIl!HeCH Ha "lJ:aCTH. npH
KOCTHKe oXQ 9 K.TJbIK Ka6m-Ia HaXO)J.lmCH Ha mee.
npH KOCTSIKe XQ 11 OKa3a.TIOCb YKpameHlle 113
.1.BYX K"IbIKOB Ka6aHa; 06a .'1e.>Ka.TIH Ha IIlee.
Bo BpeMH pacKonoK 1881 r. K.tlblKll Ka6aHa
6blJIH HaM,QeHbI npH KOCT5IKe .N'Q 4. Ha JI6y JIe.>KaJI
O,QUH K.TJbIK, Ha IIIee - ABa, pacnOJIO}KeHHbIe
OJI.HH llIHpOKUM KOHli.OJI BnpaBO, a .lI.pyroH -
B'1eBO. K..lbIKH 3TII, no CJ!OB8M H. H. BIITKOBCKoro,
6bIJIII, nOBH)J.HMOMY, OKpameHbI, TaK K3K no.n
HIIMII Ha KOCTSIX OCTaJIHCb TeMHO KpaCHbIe nSITHa.
0606m.35I pe3YJIbTaTbi paCKonOK B6JlU3H
p. KIITOH, H. H. BHTKOBCKHM n.ncaJI no 3TOMY
nOBO..'1.Y: «HaHOOJIee pacnpOCTpaHeHHbal H JlI06H-
MblJ.\I YKparneHllelVI, HOCHMbIM Ha JI6y H H8 mee,
6b1JIH, nOBHJI.HMOMY, paCKOJIOTble no .iI..TJH:He KTJbIKH
Ka6ana: H3 Bcex H3H.lI.eHHbIX KOCTHKOB TOJIbKO Ha
ceMH He BCTPe1JeHO IIX».l
Ha6JIIO,IJ,CHHH H. H.. BHTKOBCKoro HarnJIU nOA-
TBep>K.lI.eHlle H B .lI.aJIbHeHIIlHX HaXO.lI.KaX norpe6e-
HIIM 3Toro BpefeHH. npll paCKonKax l1.HKJIO.QpO-
MOBCKoro MOrMJIbHMKa B 1928 r. 2 KJIbIKa Ka6aHa
OKa3aJIMCb npH norpe6eHI1H N2 2; O.lI.HH «JIe1KaJI
Ha JI6y, OCHOBaHHeM cnycKaHcb Ha JIeBYIO r JIa3-
u u
HMll.Y, BTOpOH HaXO.lI.H.TICSI HH.>Ke CKYJIOBOH tIaCTH
JlHu.a, C npaBOH. CTOpOHbl». npH pacKonKax HOBbIX
norpe6eHHH 11.IIKJIO.n.pOMoBcKoro MOI'IIJIbHlIKa B
1948 r. npll KOCTSIKe M3 norpe6eHHH KQ 4 KJIbIK
Ka6aHa OKa3aJICH B Horax, CJIeBa OT JIeBOrO 1<.0-
JIeHa, HO npH norpe6eHIIH N 3 TaKHe LKe KJIblKII
JIe]f<aJIM Ha .I10V }KeHCKOro KOCTHKa.
B JI.ep. PacnYTHHo Ka6aHbH KJIbIKII .rre}KaJI Ha
llIee KOCTHKa R3 norpe6euHH Q 1. OHII ObIJIn
06paIIl.eHbI 3.lI.eCb OCTpbIMH KOHIl.aMM K 3arbIJIKY.
Ha 'mee KOCTHKa OHH OKa3a.1JHCb H npM BTOpO:\I
KOCTHKe H3 norpe6eHJ!H 11 2.
B CTap0:\'I Kal1yre OJI.liH paCmenJIeHHbIH KJIbIK
.TIe}KaJI CJIeBa Ha rpY.lI.H KOCTHKa HenOCpeJI.CTBeHHo
nOA HluKHeH qeJIIOCTblO, o6pameHHbIH: OCTpbIM
KOHll.OM K n03BoHot.IHIIKY; BTOpOH KJlblK Haxo-
,J.HJICH cnpaBa y qepena, HenOCpeJI.CTBeHHo npMJIe-
raH K BHCOtIHbIM KOCTHM. nOJIO}KeHHe 3THX KJlbI-
KOB He OCraBJIHeT COMHeHlISI, qTO OHH CHatIaJIa
HaXO;J;IIJIHCb Ha JI6y HJ1H Ha tJeperre norpe6eH-
Horo, COe.lI.HHeHHble OCTpIlHMII, a 3aTeM CBaJIHJUICb
BHU3 no;I. BJIIIHHl1eM JIeLKaBIIIeM Ha HHX TOJIIl1.H
3eM.TJII II co6CTBeHHOH THLKCCTH.
u
B OTJIHl1He OT 60.TJee pamIJiX YKpameHHH M3
KJIbIKOB Ka6aHa TaKHe KJIblKII B KHTOikKHX na-
MHTHIiKax 06H3aTeJIbHO paCl.!.J.en.TIeHbl H OObI1:IHO
HMeIOT He Hape3KH-}KeJI06KII, a npOCBepJIeHHble
OTBepCTHH Ha KOHIl.ax. B O].l.HOM CJIYl1ae (KHTOH-
CKHH MOrHJIbHHK) KpaH TaKoro KJlblKa 6blJI nHJIO-
06pa3HO Bblpe3aH, a B .lI.pyroM (norpe6eHHe, Hall:-
'LellHOe CaBHIl.KlIM) Ha ero BHYTpeHHeii nOBepx-
HOCTII Bblpe3aHbI .lI.OBOJIbHO rJIy60Kne nOnepel1Hble
}Keo1106KII.
OHH CJIY}KIIJIII OObIqHO HaJI06HbIM YKpa-
IIIeHHeM, OYJI.YtJII, BepOHTHO, HallIHTbIMIi cBepxy Ha
tO10BHUM y60p. He IICli.J1lO l leHO, lITO IiX MorJ1I1
I10CHTb II npH:\IO Ha BOJlocax B BIf)J.e nOBJl3KII-
.1Iia,neMbI. HQ B KHTo.ii:cKo:\i MOflfJIbHHKe, KaK :\Ibl
BH..'J.e.:1H, Hle,,'111 Mecro II TaKHe CJIytIau, Kor.u.a 3TH
KJlbIKII nOIeI.l{aJlHCb, no 3 H no 4 lIITYKH Ha mee,
HanO}JIlHaH CBOH-I paCnOJIOiKeHIieM aHfJJ'IOrJitIHble
uarpY.iI.HbIe YKparneHH5J nanyacOB.
KaK II npe}K,J.e, J3 norpe6eHIUIx l\HTOHCKOro
BpeeHH BCTpel1alOTCH rpYIIIeBH.!1,Hble 6YCHHbI-
nO.l1:BeCKH JI3 KJIbIKOB :\iapaJIa, HO cpaBHHTeJIbHO
pe.II.K{). JII060nblTHoii ()C06eHHocTbIO TaKMX oyc,
HaH.LJ.eHHblX npll KOCT5JoKe  2 13o.mI3H .ITep. lOuIH-
HO, 6bImf Tll1.aTe..'1bHO Bblpe3aHHble H3 Kocnl
ocrpbIe 1IIHhIIlIKlf C OTBepCT.HHMH Ha BepxHeM
KOHIl.e. K.TJHHbIIlIKI1 3TH nOMeIll3.TIHCb B BepXHe:\i,
T. e. KOpHe.BOM, KOHlle 6yc, TaR KaK CTeHKH no-
CJIe.lI,HHX B 3TOM MecTe OT..'IUlJaIOTCSI xpynKocTblO,
If OTsepCTHSI B lIUX qaCTG JIOl\Ia.JIHCb. BMeCTO Tora
tJTo6bl 3aHOBO CBep.I1HTb OTBepCHIH, KaK 3TO He-
pe,l:lK{) 6bIBaJIO, B .lI.aHHOM CJIYtIae Ii 6b1JIH npHCTIO-
C06.JIeHbI 3TH npOl1Hble BCTaBHbIe 1(J1HHbIlliKH C
OTBepCTHeM. B O,QHO.\1 II3 norpe6eHHIi K:IfToikKoro
1\fOrHJIbHIiKa (norpe6eHHe ':"11 4, 1881 r.) rpyrne-
BH.lI.HbIe 6YCHHbl H3 KJIblKOB H3100pa B KOJUPleCTBe
5 HaXOlI.H.TJHCb B:\leCTe C 3y6aMM .lI.pyroro KaKom-
TO }KHBOTHOro «nOBepx tIepena, no HanpaBJIeHHIO
COBepIIIeHHO cpOCllIerocSI BeHetIHOrO lIlBa».1
B JI.PyroM lIorpe6emiH Toro .>Ke :\olOrHJIhHHKa
(KOCTSI.K .N'2 7, 1880 f.) Ha rpY.lI.Jl OT O)J.Horo nJIeqa
K ;r.pyrollY nOJIYKpyroM panOJIaraJIHCb 37 KJIblKOB
H3I06pa C 06hI1:IHbnm oTBepcTHSIMH; «Ha)J.O no-
.TJaraTh, - nHCaJI H. 11. BHTKOBCKHH, - tITO
KJIhIKH 3TH COCTaBJlHJlH nepBoo6pa3 HbIHellIHero
0)KepeJIbSI».2 YKpaIlIeHHH H3 3y6oB MapaJIa 06Ha-
PYR<eHbl TaK]i{e B inorpe6eHHHX Ha UMKJIOJI:pOMe
(1? 4, pacKonKa 1928 r., .N2N2 1, 3, 4, 5-
1948 r.).
Pe3Il.bI 606pa 6bIJlH He MeHee 06bItIHbIM JI:JIS1
KHTOMCKoro B'pe11eHH y'KpaIlIeHHeM. B DMKJIO-
.lI.poMOBCKOI IOrHJIhHHKe OHB pacnOJIaraJIHCb B
... "
BH)J.e «O}KepeJIbH» nplI KOCTHKax H3 norpeoeHMH
N2N2 2 H 3 B pacKonKax 1928 r. H BHOBb 6bIJIH
Haff.ZJ.eHbI B paCKonKax 1948 r. (norpe6eHHH
NgNg I, 2, 3 - npH 1KeHCKOM CK.eJIeTe, B 06JIaCTH
rpY.ltH; N2 4 - B 06JIaCTM Ta3a; N2 5 - npM nep-
80M cnpaBa KocTHKe, B 06JIaCTli llIeH).
B KHTOHCKOM :\oIOfHJIbHHKe OHM 6bIJIM HaH,lteHbI
npll KOCTSI.Ke oN2 4 (I880 r.); 9 pe3UQB JIe}KaJIO
«KOCBeHHO» Ha ero npaBoH JIOKTeooii KOCTH, Ha
paccTOHHHM 1/ 2 BepllIKa J1pyr OT .u:pyra; 31 peaeu:
pacnOJIara.T.ICH B 06JIaCTH }KHBOTa no KOCTHM
U u
Td3a OT npaBOM KMCTH K JIeBOH, COCTaBJIHH, TaKH}I
o6pa301I, KaK ObI nOHC IIorpe6eHHoro. 3
TOJIbKO JIHmb B norpe6eHHHX }(IITOHCKoro MO-
rMJIbHHKa HaM.zr.eHbI HaCTOHIIl.lIe 6paCJIeTbI H3
KOCTH B BH.[{e IlIHpoKHX nJIaCTHH. BpC1CJIeTbI 3TH
YKpamaJIMCb KPY}KKOBbI:.H opHaMeHTO.M. TIpH
KOCTSIKe N2 1 (1880 r.) BHTKOBCKYlH HameJI
I H. 11. B H 7 K 0 B C K H H. K.paTKHH OT'4.eT..., C7p. 6, 7.
8; 0 H >K e. OTQeT 0 paCKOI1KC MormI KaMeHHoro BeKa,
CTp. 5. 30.
I H. 11. B H T KG B C K R it OTQer 0 paKonKe MOYH.il
KaMeHHOro BeKa, CTp. 5.
2 H. 11. B H TKO B  K if it KpaTKHi OTlleT..., CTp. 7.
3 TaM >Ke, CTp. 5.
49 OK."Iaj\HHKoB A. n.
cppan.feHTbl TaKHX 6pac,aeTOB H3 o6el1 )UlelJ.eBbIX
KOCTHX. OHM 6bIJIII YKpameHbI PUCYHKOdl B -BHJI.e
KPY}KKOB II np06ypaBJIeHbl Ha KOHIlax. 1 Dpll
KOCTSIKe N 6 (1880 r.) Ha npaBoii nJIeqeooii
KOCTH 6bIJlH CHOBa 06HapY>KeRhI KYCKH KOCTHHoro
.,., u u ,
OpaCJIeTa, a II a :IOKTeBOH - nOqTII il.eJIhm opac-
.1eT, , YKpameHHblii KPY}KKOBblM Y30POM, HO 06-
XBaTbIBaBlIIHli TOJIbKO HapY}KHYJO qaCTb PYKH;
J.hIpOtIlill no KOHIl.af CJlY}KIf.i1H, OqBH.a.HO, .llJISI
CTHrMBaHHH ero Ha BHYTpeHHeH cTopDHe PYKH.. 2
Job OJIM3KOrO K KJHoikKHM na:\ISITHI1Kal\.I -IIO xa-
paKTepy nIlBeHTapH norpe6eHHH J'\i11 2 B na,lt11
r.:Jy60KaH npOHCXO.lI.SIT fI.lOCKne npHMoyro.TIbHbIe
 
0YCbl M3 :\oIpal\wpa II nepJIaMYTpa, CHaO)f<eHHble
lWHHHbI}1H CKB03HhIMH KaHaJ1bIl.a!\UL BYCbI 3TH
COCTaB..'lHJ1II 2 6paCJIeTa, Ha,neTbIe Ha 06e PYKH
norpe6eHHoro, OKO..TlO 3anHCTMI.
HapytIHhIe 6paCJIeTbI IfJIIi YKpallIeHMH pYKaaoB
.:r.eJI3JIHCb II H3 paKoBHHHblX 6YCHH-KPY}KKOB,
aHa.iJOrHqHbIX no cpop:Me II BII.lI.Y cepoBcKHM paKo-
BIIHHbIM 6ycaM.
B oKparneHRoM oxpoli, KIlToikKOl\I no BpefeHH,
norpe6eHHH CepoBCKoro :\IOflI.,1JbHHKa Tmme 6YCbl
HaXO.l1:IIJIHCb H8 3anSICTbHX Ii nOKTeBhIX cycTaB3x
06eHx PYK, a TalOKe Ha mee KOCTHKa. KpoMe
paKoBHHHbIX oyc cepoBcKOfO mna, B COCTaBe
3THX 6paCJIeTOB OKa3aJIHCb H nepJIaMYTpoBble,
TOqHO TaKlle }Ke, KaK If 6YCbI, xapaKTepHbIe ;:I.JIH
ra3KOBCIillX norpe6eHHH.
B OTJIHtIHe OT HaCTOHIIl.HX PY1:lHhIX 6paCJIeTOB,

COCTOHBIIIHX li3 HaHH3aHHblX npH;r.HMIi 0YCHH, xo-
pOlliO OTIIIJIMcpoBaHHhIe MaCCHBHble KOJIbI.{a H3
; 
oeJloro ;\Ipa.MQpa ynoTpeOJIHJIHCb, CY.lI.H nc UX He-

OOJlbllIHM pa3:\fepaM, TO.TlbKO JIHIIIb B Ka1:leCTBe
HarpYJJ:HbIX HJIH rOJIOBHbIX YKpaIIIeHHii. ITo Kpaff-
HeM Mepe B eJl.IIHCTBeHHO:\1 CJIyqae, KOT;{.a nOJIO-
1KeHHe TaKOrO KOJIbIl.a YCTaHOBJIeHO T01JHO, B
norpeoeHHM N!! 1 (1928 r.) Ha 11.IIKJIO.l1:poMe, oHO
.::re}KaJIO OKOJIO qepena. KpOMe l1.HKJIO)I.POMOB-
CKoro :MOfMJIbHHKa Ha AHrape (norpe6eHHe N2 I,
198 r.), TaKHe KOJIbu,a M3BecTHbl B )I(liraJJos-
CKOI MOrlfJIbHHKe Ha JIeHe, B CJIytIallHbIx Haxo.lI.-
Kax Ha AHrape (c. 5IH.[{bl, t!IpOTUB JI.ep. Ceporo),
Ha EHHcee {AcpoHToBa ropa).3 HeKOTopbIe H3 HEX
opHaMeHTHpOBaHbI nOnepe1JHMH HaCe1JKaMH
()I(Hra..'10BO, 5IH.l1:bI, AcpoHTOBa ropa), pacnOJIO-
1KeHHbIl\oIH pa.lI.HaJlbHO, HHor.[{a B pHTMMtIecKO:\I
nopH)I.Ke, no 4-5 1:IepTOl1eK BP£)]:.
B norpe6eHHHx KHToHcKoro MOrHJIbHHKa HaM-
.:r.eHbI TaK}Ke nOJIOBHHIUI HII]KHHX 1:IeJIIOCTeti' 606pa
(B KOJIH1JeCTBe 5 IlIT.; KOCTHK NQ 1, 1880 r.; KO-
CTffi<: NQ 7, 1881 r.). OHH 6bIJIII, TIOBH;1.HMOMY,
aMYJleTaMH, a He YKpameHHHMH B co6CTBeHHOM
C:\oibICTJe.-4
I TaM )Re, CTp. 3.
2 TaM JKe. CTp. 7.
3 MA9, ApxeoJI. OTJ.!:., KOl.'l: 281/92. - Cpo cpparMeHThi
MpaMopHoro KOJIbUa, Haii.!:(eHHbI€ B 30.'lOTOHOCHOM 11.lJaCTY
Ha p. Y3YHJKY.lJe (11. T. CaB e H K 0 B. KaMeHHbIH BeK
B MHHYCHHCKQ!.I Kpae. M., 1896, CTp. 67).
 11. B. Ape M 6 0 B C K H H. Pe'lHOH 606p B npOillJIOM
BOCTOQHOIf CHoHpn (MarepHa.'lbI K npo6.JIeMe peaKK.ilHMa-
TH3aUHH). 113B. MpK)'TCK. foc. HaYllH. MY3e5l, T. II (VII).
I1PKYTCK, 1937 CTp. 121.

38fi
tiACTb II. nPIIBAHHAJIbE B HEO.iIHTHl1ECKOE BPE:.\1R
t.TIABA VIII. IWTOnCImn 3TAn
387:
06 opHaMeHTe KIiTOHCKoro BpeMeHlf MO>KHO
CY.lI.HTb no KOCTHHbI1 nO.l{eJIKaM II rro KepaMHKe
fi3 COOTBeTCTBYIOIU.HX C..TJOeB YJIaH-Xa11.bI.
3Ta KepaMHKa no pMaM COCYOB OJIH3Ka K
KepaMIiKe 113 cepOBCKIiX norpe6eHHH. 1\1.Horo
06Il.J.ero H B opHaMeHTe, HO JIOCJIe.QHIIH o6Hapy-
}KHBaeT npH3HaKH OOJIee BbICOKoro pa3BHTHH.
PYKoBo.n:Hur.ee 3Ha1JeHHe no TeXHHKe BbITIOJIHeHlISI
Y30pa npHHjl.lI.JIe}KHT 3JJ.ecb IIITaMnOBOMY opHa-
Mefry.
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JIOnaT01JKa. Ee B OJI.HHX CJIytlaHX I(ep>KaJIIi Ha-
KJIOHHO H BeJIH no rJIHHe HenpepbIBHO, IIorrepe-
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pH1JHbIX yrJIy6JIeHHM. B HeKoropbIX CJI}'"""tJaHX JIO-
rraTOl1Ka HMeJIa yrJIOBaTbIM KOHell., H TOrJJ.a no-
JIytlaJIHCb pRabI yrOJ1KOB, IIHor.zr.a .JoKe ee .lI.eJIaJIH
Ha KOHI.J.e nOJIYJIYHHo-BbITIfK..TJOM HJIH 3y6qaTOM,
l1TO COOTBeTCTBeHHO MeHHJIO' xapaKTep Y30pa.
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cY.lI.bI, YKparneHHble TaKHMH cHMMeTpHqHbIMH
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}KeHHbIMIi pH.lI.aMH, H3BeCTHbI H3 .!I.BYX n03.lJ,He
cepoBcKHX, nOBH.lI.IIMOMY, norpe6eHMM (C06a1JHM
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cnoc06, 01JeBH.lI.HO, MOJIO}Ke, HO C Te1:leHne!\.I Bpe-
MeHH oH rrpHMeHHeTcH Bce 1:IaIIIe II ,ILaeT 6oJIbIIIOM
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60raTble H CJIO}KHbIe Y30Pbl Ha cocy.n;ax H3 YJIaH-
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. I
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MHxe, r.n:e opHaMeHT HMeJI -BH.lI. napaJIJIeJIbHb!X
3Hr3arOB, pacnOJIO}KeHHbIX ropH30HTaJIbHO
(11pKYTCKIIM MY3eM, KOJIJI. NQ 7825).
TIo 061.ll.eMY CBoeMY THny opHaMeHTHKa OCTaeTC5I
nOrrpe}KHeMY npHMOJIHHefmO- reoMeTp lI1JeCKoll.
3JIeMeHTbi opHaMeHTa B OCHOBHOM npe>KHHe:
e01JeTaHHH npHMbIX BepTHKaJIbHbIX H ropll30H-
TaJIbHbIX JIHHIIM, a TalOKe 3Hr3ar.
BnepBbIe nOHBJIHIOTCH Y30PbI 60JIee HJIH MeHee
peaJIHCTH1:IecKH H306pa.>KaIOIll.He }KIIBOTHbIX: B VII
CJIoe YJIaH-Xa;r,bl HaM.n:eHbI {j)parMeHTbl cocY11.a, BO-
Kpyr BeH1JIIKa KOToporo pacnOJIO.>KeHbI H306pa-
"
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BH.lI.e 3Hr3arOB 113 .lI.BYX napaJIJI€.i1bHblX JIHHHM. Gnu
IIMeIOT OCTpbIe XBOCTbI II pOM6Hl1eCKI1e rOJIOBbI.
KOMrr03Hll.IIH opHaMeHTa B ll.eJIOM Bce eur.e 00-
HapY}KHBaeT 6JIII}KaMllIee CX011.CTBO C cepoBcKoll.
OpHaMeHT TaKLKe OrpaHH1JIIBaeTCH BepXHeM
l1aCTbIO cocY.lI.a. Ha6JIIO.rr.aeTCH TaKoe LKe B ae-
HOBe, KaK H B HaCTOHIIIeM cepoBcKoM opHaMeH-
THKe, C01JeTaHlIe ropH30HTaJIbHbIX II BepTHKa.TJb-
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Y30p, OLlHaKO, no BbITIOJIHeHHIO (IIITafllTI-JIOna-
T01JKa) 6ora1:le. MOHOTOHHO nOBTopHHCb B O.lI.HHX
H Tex 1Ke q>opMax, OH, O.lI.HaKO, «ryur.e», «llJIOT-
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npOCTpaHCTBO. KOJIOHHaI.J.HlI O.lI.HHX H Tex .JoKe
opHaMeHTa..TIbHblX 3JIe:MeHTOB CTaHOBHTCH ropa3;I0
pa3Hoo6pa3Hee H 3aMbICJIOBaTee.
Ca:\1aH }Ke IIHTepeCHaH ero ocooeHHOCTb - rro-
CTOHHHoe COqeTaHHe JIHHHfi Y30pa C HOBbIMlI,
paHbme HRKor.rr.a He BCTpe1:laBIlIIIMIICH, pe.TJbecp-
HbIMII YKpaIIIeHIIH:\HI COCY.lI.a B BH}l:e CHJIbHO BbI-
,J.aIOIIJ.IIXCH KBepxy TpeyrO.1JbHbIX BbIcTynoB 113
3v611.0B Ha BeHl1HKe. 1
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3TH nJIaCTlIl1eCKII BbITIOJIHeHHble BbIcTynbl
BCer.lI.a pHTMH1JeCKH C01:leTaIOTCH C JIImeMHbIMH
3..1Je:\-leHTaMIi opHaMeHTaJIbHoM Ko:\m03I1HUH H
nO.il.l1epKIIBaIOT IIX. OHH Herrocpe.rr.CTBeHHO CBSI-
3aHbI C aHHoM opHaMeHTaJIbHOM KOMn03Hll.lleH II
HCqe3aIOT BMeCTe C HeM, 06pa3YH, TaKII:\f 06pa-
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AeJIeHHOrO BpeMeHII.
XOpOIIIIIMH rrpliMepaMH TaKoM TI03lI.He-CepoB-
<u 0 U a
CKOH H KliTOHCKOIi 0pHaI\'leHTaJIbHOH KOMn0311I1.HlI
HBJIHIOTCH Y30PbI Ha coc.y.lI.ax NQNQ 2226-2875,
2985, 3481, 3748, 3772 H .lI.pyrHx .JI3 YJIaH-Xa.lI.bl.
HaH60J1ee rrpocTa H BMecTe C TeM xapaKTepHa
3.zr.eCb KOMrr03lill.HH cocY.lI.a NQ 3772 (CJIOH II). Ha
BeH1JMKe 3Toro cocY.lI.a CHMMeTpH1JHO, 1Jepe3 He-
60JIbllIHe HHTepBaJlbl, B03BblmaIOTCH TyrroyrOJIb-
HbIe 3y611.bI. OT Ka}K.lI.Oro 3YOll.a Ii cepe.n..HHbI rrpo-
Me}KYTKa Me}K.lI.Y CMe}KHbIMH 3y611.aMH cnycKalOTcH
.uBe rrpHMblx JIHHHli. HHLKe npOXO.lI.lIT 1IllIpOKliH
nOHC H3 1:IeTbIpeX napaJIJIeJIbHbIX JIHHHM, no.lI.
HIIMII CHOBa HMelOTCH T01:lHO COOTBeTCTBYIOIll.He
BepXHIIlVI .lI.Be npHMble JIHHIIII (pHC. 117, TpeTHM
cBepxy). KOMn03HI.J.IIH, B 061.ll.eM, ll.eJIOCTHaH, rrpo-
CTaH II cTporo ypaBHoBeIIIeHHaH. CXO.lI.HbIM no
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cocY.lI.a C npHMbIM BeH1JHKOM YKpaIIIeH KOPOT-
KHMH KOCbIMH HaCe1JKaMIi rpe6eHl1aTOrO mTaMna
(THna OTTIICKOB BIiToro nIHypa). 3TOT nOHCOK
oKaMMJIeH Kpyr.lJbIMH HMKaMIi. HH}Ke pacnoJIo-
>KeHa ropll30HTaJIbHaH IIIlIpoKaH nO..TJoca 3l1r3aro-
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CTHJIH 06HapY}KHBaIOTC5I H B KOCTHHbIX H3LleJIMSIx.
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opHaMeHTaJIbHbIMH Hape3KaMIi. B CHale Ha
p. b1eKoHr pacnpOCTpaHeH MY3bIKaJIbHbIe
HHCTpYMeHTbI TIma CllpnHKca, COCTOHll(He H3 7-9,
a B HeKoTopbIX CJIY1:IaHX H 30 6aM6YKoBbIX :1.y.n.o-
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rHJIbHHKa. 3 TeM HHTepecHee, tJTO opHaMeHTHpo-
BaHHbIe KOCTHHbIe Tpy60IlKII, o,nHHaIKOBbIX C Ia-
I Cp., HanpRMep: Ebert's ReaIIexikon der Vorgeschichte,
T. VI, CTp. 354. 7a6Jl. 114; TaM :H<:e Nord. Kreis.
Ta6.i1. 95-)1.. - J. B r 0 n d s t e d. Danmarks Oldtid, I. Ste-
nalderen, 1938. CTp. 191, pRC. 133.
2 M. M a K ape H K o. MapilOniJIbCbKl:lH MOrHJIbHHK. KRiB,
1933, cTp. 43, Ta6J1. IX, X; pRC. 11-40.
3 TaM :H<:e. - CJIe.u.yeT .no6aBHTb, qTO «cpJIeHTa naHa»
1l3BeCTHa /l B apXeoJIOrRQeCKI1X naMHTHHKaX CeBepHOH
AMepRKH, B paHOHe Orno (Indians before Columbus,
pRC. :82, CTp. 274). - Cp.: Amer. Antiquity, vol. VIII,
.M! 4, 1936.
pliynOJlbCKHIH pa3MepOB, He HBJIHBIlllleC?I HrOollb-
HHKaMH. nOTOMY l1TO B 60JIbillHHCTBe 113 HHX RH'
KaKHX HrJI He. BCTpel1eHO, 06HapY)KeHbI 6bI..TIH B
pHe norpe6eUHll .KllTOHCKoro BpeMeHH TOLKe He
no O.n.HOH, a QeJIbDtH rpynna:\IH. TaKoBbI 06pa3UbI
Tpy60tJeK 31"01'0 pO.J.a B I1.m{JIO..1.pO:\lOBCKO:\1 :\10-
rHJIbHHKe, B _ HH30BbHX AHrapw Y !I,ep. f10TaCKYH
If, B oco6eHHOCTH, Ha o. )KH.TIO:\I HHMe EpaTCK3
(pIlC. 126). B nOC.1:e.J.He:\1 CJIvtJac IIMe.I'JO :\'feCTO
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o. )K)iJIOH; 5/ fi H. B.
3axopOHeHHe C TpyrroCO}K}KeHHeM. Ho, HeCMOTpH
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Hee:t<OJIbKO opHaMeHm'pOBaHHhIX nonepe1J.HbIMH
HacetJKaMH H yrJIaMH KOCTHHhIX TPy6ol1eK, KaK H
B MapHyIIone, JIe}KaJIH .JTJIOTHO JJ.pyr OKOJIO
,npyra, B O.QHOM H TOM }Ke HanpaBJIeHHH, KaK 6bI
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398


"t.IACTb II nPIIBAI'ifCA.:J:LE E IIEO.'IliTWIECROE BPE!\UI


Bno.:rIHe B03
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6aHKaJIb
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y nanyacoB, nOJIb30BaBIIIHXCSI «qmeMToM IIaHa»
erne CJIeJI.YI9IUHe BH.l{bl MY3bIKaJIbHbIX HHCTpYMeH-
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6YKa; 2) l v lYHKT-aH, .J:YXOBOM HHcTp)'MeHT, H3ro-
TOBJIeHHbIH 113 CKOpJIynbI KOKOCOBoro opexa;
3) XOJlb-ai1, KpHBOi:i HJlll np51M01I .ayxoBoi'1 HH-
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4) Op
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la;
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lll.He 3Ha1:leHHe CHfH3JIbHOro HHcTpYMeHTa. Kpo-
Me TOro, nanyacbI «Y
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Ie)K}!Y
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E
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5f_BlIIHX B KHTOHCKoe Bpei\I5I Ha ypOBHe nanyacoB
XIX B., 3TIIX HaCTO
lliUX ..'IIO,J:eH KaNreHHoro BeKa;
He 6bIJIO HH MOpCKHX paKoBHH, HII 6aM6YKa I1JIH
1"b1KB, TO Te
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B IIX paCnOpH>KeHf1H. Bo BCHKO:\I CJIYl1ae, OHn


1 .\10
{HO 6bI.1JO 6bI eI.1{e BbICIW3aTb npe.rr.nOJIO.>KeHlIe
qTO KOCUIHbIe Tpy60QKH 3Toro po
a !\mr.'IH CJ1)')KHTb ;1:.'151
nHTb51
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o KOTOpbIX A. ApreHToB nHcaJ"'I, tIT
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II1.ep6y, pa3BeI{eHHYIO CHerCM KOCT}{lfOIO .a:Y.:I.OlIKOIO, BbI.oJ.e-
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l-
lIyqeH» (A. A pre H TO B. ITYTeBbIe 3anHCKH CBSIll(. MHC-
CHOHepa ApreHTOBa B npHnO.'I5IpHbIX lI1eCTHOCT5IX. 3aiI.
CliO. OT.II.. pro, T. IV, 1857, CTp. 38). 0 TO)1 )Ke mlca

B. .11. 0pHK.10lfCKHH (B. JI. IT p II I< JI 0 H C K H H. TpH rOI{a
B 5!l<pCKOH o6.'!acTH. )KHBa51 CTapHHa, I, 1890,
CTp. 81). - Cp.: A. E. Hop i1.. e Hille.1I b.!I.. D.laBaHue Ha
Bere, II, 1936, CTp. 328.
O.n:HHaKoBbIe KOCT£HbIe Tpy6otII<H .:{.'!51 TOH }Ke ne.'!H
U:\1e.TJH U 06HTaTe.JIH npoTHBono.loLKHoro KOHua HallIero
MaTepHKa - .'IOnapH (0. Sol be r g. Die eisenzeitliche
Funde aus Ostfinnmarken, Christiania, 1909, CTp. 55).-
TeM He MeHee TaKoe npe.oJ.nOJIOLKeHue He OO'bSICHHeT, 00-
tIeMY KOCTHHbIe 'fpy6KlI B norpe6eHH5IX KHTOHCKoro nma
BCTpetIalOTCH rpynnaMH H nOqeMY HX TaK 3a6oT.'IHBO YKpa-
rna.TJH opHaMeHTOM. JIYQIIIH:\1 06'b5lCHeHHe:\1 B .a:aHHOM C.TJ\"-
l{ae OCTaeTC5I nepBaH nmOTe3a - 06 llX llcno
lb30BaHlin
B l<atIeCTBe qaCTeH MY3bIKa.'!bHoro UHcTpYMeHTa - «q>JIeHTbI
naHa».
2 H. H. 1\'1 H K.TJ Y X 0 - 1\1 a K.l a it ITYTellleCTBH5I, I,
M.-;-.TI., 1940, CTp. 250-251.


Mor.m-I C TaKHM' LKe ycnexoill n0J1b30BaTbC
 CllC'
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pbIMH HCCJIelI.OBaTe..1J
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6HpKa:\Hf (py6e}KaJUI). '
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npH KOCT5iKe N
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lime 6HpKH, TaK KaI< OHH llIHpOKO pacnpOCTpa.
HeHbI II .lI.OHbIHe y OTCT8JIbIX n..Ie:l-ieH. HHTepeceH
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KOf.n.a HH.u.eaCKae LKeHlli.HHbI Be..TJ.H CtIeT c..n.e..TJaH-
HbIM HX PYKa 'iii HaKH
KaM H3 mepCTff 6H30Ha, H
.9TO JI.aBa.!lo H)'I CIIJIY .lI.YMaTb 0 npOIII.lIOll }KH3HH,
KaK }KH3HH, He 6ecrr.lIOTJ:HOH H He 6eCIl.eJIbHO
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letlaH c!!on
).J.OCTII2KeHHH Ha OXOTHH'IbIlX 0pY,LI:HHX HJIH BOOpy-
)Kemm. T aKH:\IH OT:\feTKa:\HI onpe.n.e.7IHJIOCb CO-
llHa:.TIbHOe nOJIO}KeHHe OXOTHIiKa JIJIIi BO.HHa, H
OHR n03TOI\IY B HeKOTopbIX CJIyqaHX .rr.a}Ke OTKa-
3bIBa,,1JIICb OT caMOH ,':(0 6bI1.JH , coxpaHH
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.;rllillb npaBO Tpocpel1Hoil OTMeTKH Ha CTpe
'1e.6
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HbIX
6n.pKax OTMe1:la.iIII B03pacT norpe6eHHbIX B :\fOf!-I-
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TJIO;I:eH HJIII BeJIH CqeT KaKlll\hTJ1l60 Ba:>KHbIM
CO 6 bITH H:.\I H .lI.OCTlImeHllflM cBoeu )KII3HH.
I 5. A. B a C II .TJ b e B. Me.l1.Be}[mft npa3.D:HHK. COB. 3THO-
rpaqm:H, 1948, J\ft Q 2, CTp. 99.
2 r. IT. C a C HOB C K II ft. OCTaTKIi .n:OHCTOpUtIeCKOrO
npOIII.'IOrO y C. PacnYTHHa Ha p. AHrape, CTp. 2.
3 I1PI<YTCK. MY3eH, KO.'IJI. 181-6, 7.
4 H. C. IT 0 .:J 51 K 0 B. HCCJJeLI:OBaHUH no KaMeHHOM\
BeKY B OJIOHeUKoft ry6., B .'I:o.'!HHe OI<H H BepXOBb5lX
BOJIrH. 380. pro no Oue.'!. 3THorpacpllH, T. IX, CTp. 103.
5 ..11. 51. lIlT e p H 6 e p r. OpHaMeHT 113 OJIeHberO BORoca
11 Hr.1 LI:HI<06pa3a. COB. 3THorpaqm:S1, 1931,. NQ 3-4.
CTp. 121.
6 M. B. C Ten a HOB a. )lBa 3CKHMOCCKHX nOHca H3
co6paHHH MA.9. C60pH. MA9, XI, 1949.


\


r.TJ:AB:\ \"III. I<I1TOHCI{lUl STAn


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I H. H. M If K JI Y X 0 - .M a K iI a H. nYTerneCTBH5I, I, 1940,
CTp. 228.
2 TaM )Ke, Ta6Jl. VII-153.
3 TaM )Ke, Ta6.1. VII-157.
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nyremecTBHH, I, M.-.n., 1940 CTp. 222-223.




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Ha c.1Je)].ylOIll.YIO BecHY Bb[POC.TIU Il.BeTbI».5
B JI:PyroM care paccKa3blBaeTcH, 111'0 «I'aK€.ilbH-
6epry [HMH, npIIHa.n:JIe>Kall1.ee BO.lI.aHY] npHBH..1.e-
JIOCb B TH}KeJIOM CHe, 6y,nTO OH cpa)KaJICH CO
cTpaIIIHbIM Ka6aHOM. OH ){eMCTBHTeJIbHO BCTpeTII.lI
Ha OXOTe KaoaHa, II nOCJIe ynopHoll 60pb6bI no-
pa311JI ero. Top}KecTBY5I H06e.lI.Y, OH Y.lI.apHJI Mep-
TBoro 3BepH HorolO H BOCKTIIIKHYJI: "pa3lI, ee.fIH
MO>KeIIIb!". Ho Y.lI.ap 6bIJI TaK HeOCTOpO}KeH,
l1TO OCTpbIM Ka6aHIIM 3y6 npOH3HJI CKB03b canor
Hory OxoTHIIKa, II OT 3TOH paHbI OH BCKope
YMep».6
COBepIIIeHHO TalOKe. rH6HeT OT Hana.lI.eHHH
Y}KaCHOro BenpH CBeT.'IOe MY}KCKOe 60}KeCTBO
I John Lay a r d. Stone Men of .Malecula. London,
1942, crp. 230-269.
2 A. Va m be r y. Die Primitive Cultur des Turkotata-
rischen Volker, CTp. 201, 220.
3 r. H. IT 0 T a II II H. OlJepKH CeBepO-3anaJI.HOH 1\'\oH-
rOJ1HH, IV.
4 COq_ K. Tal{UTa, T. I, nepe. B. 11. l'v\o/l.eCTOBa, Cn6..
1886, CTp. 63-64.
5 A. A 4> a Hac b e B. n03TUqeCKUe B033peHHSI c;:.laCHH Ha
np"poJJ.Y. T. I, M., 1866, CTp. 784 (co CCbl.'lKOH Ha Deut-
sche Mythologie 51. rpHBla, CTp. 899).
6 Ta:\f :me, CTp. 786.

402
tIACTb II. IIPIiBAHRAJIbE E HEO.l]ITWJECKOE EPE:\1R
r.1ABA VIII. RliTORCHliR aT All
4[};)
paCTIITeJIbHOCTli B JlpeBHeM ErHnTe - 03UpHC.
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06pa3e Ka6aHa. TH<pOH nplIHHMaeT 06JIHK 1:IepHOM
CBlUlbH H B TOM CJIYl1ae. KOr.ll.a OH -Hana.lI.aeT Ha
fopa H pa:HHT ero B r..'1a3.
01:leHb 6JIH3KHe K .lI.peBHeerHneTCKHM 11 :\1a.,'I(}-
a3HaTCKHM MH<pOJIOrHl1eCKHe npeJJ.cTaBJIeHHH.
CB5I3aHHbIe C Ka6aHoM. XOpOIllO npOCJIe}{{HBaIOTCH
TaK>Ke H B .n:.peBHerpeqeCKHX BepoBaHHHx, B KO-
TOpbIX 3TO JKHBOTHOe BbICTynaeT KaK cTpamaH
pa3pYIIIHTeJIbHaH CHJIa.
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1:IeCKHH <pparMeHT B .lI.eCHTOH neCHe 11.1J.Ha.D.bI, r,2e
neBelJ. paCCKa3bIBaeT CBOHM CJIYllIaTeJI5IM 0
oopboe MeJIearpa' C qY.lI.OBIIIl.{HbB-I BenpeM, no-
c.,"IaHHbI!\I ApTeMH.lI.oM:
C'lapoe. BCnOMH\iJ\ Sl )1,e.no, }1.MI. Bac, 'tI.O}Ki>T UblTb,
H He HOBOCTb,
Bce-:me, KaK 6blno, X01JY paccKa3aTb BaM, JI.PY3bSl
JI.OpOrHe:
- 3TOJIHSlHe, ynopm:>le B 6HTBe, H BoilcKo KypeT()B
DHJmcb BKpyr CTeH KanHJI.OHa. JI.pyr C JI.pyra
CHHMaS! JI.OcrrexH,
3TOnHSlHe npeKpacHblH pOJI.HOH KanH.lI.OH 3amHlltB.rrH,
BOHCKO KypeTOB rope.n:o :me.n:BHHeM ropoJI.
pa3pymHTb.
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B rReBe 33 TO, 'ITO 3Rea OT Ca!l,OBblX n.'lO!I.OB
. eH Ha1JBTKOB
B JKepTBY He CJKer. Dorn Bce Me:m C060H
reKaTOM6bl JI.e.n:HJIH,
JKepTBbI JIHllIb eil He npHHec OH, pOJK.!1eHHOii
OT CJIaBHOrO 3eBca,
He nOJKe.n:BB Hnb 3B6bIB - oCKop6HJI OH B .lI.YllIe
ee CHJIbHO.
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,\\HOro Bpe,Aa npH1JHHHJI OH, Ca,Abl nOceIU.aSl 9HeSl,
Horo JI.epBbeB MoryqHx HH3PHHYJI OH Ha 3eb
H cnYTa.'I
H YHH1JTOJKHJI HX BMeCTe C UBeTaMH nJI0.!10B
H KOpHSlMH.
BenpSl TOro, HaKOHen, YMepTBHJI Menearp, ChIH
3HeH,
nocne TOro, KaK OXOTHHKOB, BMeCTe C HX ncaMH,
H3 1JY1KJI.bIX
B nO\lOIU.b npH3BBn rOpOJI.OB: H60 C Ma.'1oA
ronnolO He Mor oil
- 3BepH HBCTHrHYTb, KTO MHorHX nOCJIB.TI Ha KOCTep
norpe6a.TIbHblfl.
TYT Cpe)lb M}'}KeA 3TOJIHiicKHX, 6eCCJjJBllIHhIX
B 6010, H KypeToB
fip8Hb B036YJUfJIa 60rHHH, H cnopbI. H mYM
H3-3a BenpH,
J.13-3a ero rOJIOBbi H nOKpblTOH llternHOIO IlIKYPbl».1
I(poMe Y}KaCHOrO BenpH, C KOropbIM 60peTCH
MeJIe3rp, OC060H nonyJIHpHOCTblO B MH(jJax nOJIb-
30BaJIMCb 3pHMampcKHH Benpb, nooe)1.a Ha.D. KO-
TOpbIM COCTaBJIHeT O.lI.HH H3 BeJIIIKlIX .D.BeHa.rr.u.aTH
nO.D.BHrOB repaKJIa H KpOMHOHCKHH Benpb y6H-
TbIH Te3eeM. l(aK CHMBOJI pa3pymemm H rlI 6 e.11 II ,
MRcpOJIOrHqeCKIiM Benpb .lI.peBHeM rpeUHH 3aKO-
HOMepHo CBH3aH He TOJIbKO C 06pa30M CTpa.lI. 3ID -
Il.{ero H YMHpalOm.ero MY}KCKOrO 60}KecTBa paCTH-
TeJibHOCTII, HO II C no,n3eMHbIM MHpOM, nepCOHII-
I I1JIHB.!{a rOMepa. nepeao,A H. M. MHHCKQro. M.. 1896.
CTp. 146-141 (IX. 525-550).
cpHll.HpOBaHHbIM B BII.n;e BJ'Iaj.f.bI'lIHll.hI nOCJIeIJ:-
Hero - .lI.eMeTpbl.
no 3TOH npHl1HHe BO BpeMSI 06p SI .lI. a TeCMO<1>o-
plIH B 1:IeCTb .lI.eMeTpbI 6pOCaJIH cBIIHeH B «npo-
naCTH .lI.eMeTpbI H I1epcecpOHbI», KOTophle no
MHeHllIO <l>pe3epa HBJIHJIHCb cBHeHHhIMH nO.lI.3e-
MeJIbSIMH HJIH neIll.epaMH. He1:lro nO.lI.06HOe Ha-
OJIIOj.f.aeTCH H B BepoBaHHSIx HapOj.f.OB KaBKa3a ITO
3THorpaq>HO\J.eCKBM .n.aHHblM.
AHaJIOrHqHOe npe.lI.CTaBJIeHllIe 0 Ka6aHe. KaK
CHMBOJIe AHKOH pa3pYIIIHTeJIhHOH CJfJIbl, CBH3aH-
HOH c npeIICnO.lI.HeH, HJIlI, 1:ITO TO }Ke caMoe, BO)1.-
HOH MOpCKOM CTHXlIeM, CYIl.{eCTBOBaJIO TaK i{C
y nplI6aJITHHCKHX CJIaBHH.
«no CBIIj.f.eTeJIbCTBy.lI.HTMapa, B CJIaBHHCKOM ro-
pO)I.e PeTpe 6bIJI xpaM, nOOBHIl.{eHHbIH CBapo-
MlIl1Y (-ArHII); OJJ,HH 113 Tpex BOpOT 3Toro xpaMa
BeJI:H K MOplO H nO'llHT3JIHCb iHe.n.ociynHblMH ;I.JISl
BXO.lI.a npOCTbIX JIIOJI.eM; Korj.f.a ropoj.f.Y yrp0}Ka.,10
K3Koe-HH6Y.lI.b HeC1:IaCThe H3 BO.lI. mYMHoro MOpH
nOKa3bIBaJICH OrpoMHbIH 60POB, CBepKaH CBOHMH
6eJIhJMII KJIblKaMH».l
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npe.lI.CTaBJIeHIIHX pa3JIHQHbIX HapO;J.OB EBpom
60JIbIIIOH HHTepec npe.lI.CTaBJI5IIOT HeKOTOpbIe CO-
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3TOMY nOBO.lI.Y A. AcpaHaCbeBbIM.
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pa3pYIIIIITeJIbHYIO CH..'IY MH<p1I1:IeCKOrO Ka6aHa,
A. A. A4>aHaCbeB CnpaBe.ll.JIIIBO- OTMe1:la..'I, HanpH-
;\Iep, KOCMlIl1eCKIIM, rp030BbIH xapaKTep nOCJIe.lI.-
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He MeHee HHTepeceH H .n.pyroH BblBOA Ha3BaH-
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cpopMe OTpa}K3IOIl.{erO peaJIbHble ce30HHbIe H3Me-
HeHHH B npllpo.ne.
H3araH MHcp 0 «6e3BpeMeHHOH KOHQIIHe Kpa-
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BenpH», A. AcpaHaCbeB nHCa.1I, HanpHMep, 1ITO
«B BH.n.e Toro BenpH eMY HaHec P3HY HeHCTOBblH
Apec. T. e. 60r BOIITe.Tlb, rpOMOBHHK, KOTOpbIH C
Hal1aJIOM 3HMbI ,rI,eJIaeTCH 060pOTHeM, H3 6JIaro-
TBopHoro 6o}Kecrna. 3anpaBJI5IIOIl.{ero rp030BbIMH
6HTBaMH, npeBpam.aeTCH B CTpamHoro 3BepH II
ry6HT 3eMHYIO >KH3Hb BO BceM ee Kpace».3
3TOT BbIBO.lI. j.f.OnYCTHMO pacnpocTpaHHTb H Ha
BeCb Il.HKJI MHcpOJIOrH1:IecKHx npe.ll.CTaBJIeHHH 0
Ka6aHe HJIH CBHHbe, B KOTOpbI?C CBHHbe, KaK
XTOHH'leCKOMY 3BepJO, HOCHTeJIJO HAeH CMeprn B
MpaKa npOTHBOCTOHT CBHHbH - CBeTJIOe COJIHel1-
Hoe >KHBOTHOe, «CBHHKa - 30JIOTaH Il.{eTHHKa».
06a 3THX, Ka3aJIOCb 6bI, B3aHMHO HCK..'IIOqaIOIl.{HX
Apyr JI.pyra 06pa3a B JI.eHCTBMTeJIbHOCTH, OKa3bl-
BalOTCH JI,HIIIb JI.BYMH npOTI:lBOnOJIOJKHbIMH nOJIIO-
caMH O)I.HO rO H Toro }Ke HBJIeHHH, O)I.HOro H TOro
I A. A «l> a Hac b e B, yK. C01J., CTp. 171.
2 TaM JKe.
3 TaM :me. CTp. 1.
)Ke KOCMH'IeCKOrO 06pa3a COJIHll.a 11..1H rpOMa, l1T'O
I3oo6Il.{e He TaK Y:>K pe.n:KO BCTpel1aeTCH B .!lpeB-
HeHIIIefi MllcpOJIOrIIH.
TecHaH BH)'TpeHHHH CBH3b 06pa3a Ka6aH3
H.'11f Bo06e CBIIHblI C nOHHTHHMIf pa3pYllIeHHSI.
CMepT1I H Boo6111e pa3pYIIIIITe..1bHOH CRJIbI. a Cw'Ie-
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pHH KYJ1bTYPbl CpelIJ13e1\lHOM.OpbH I\lIlKeHCKoru
BpeMeHII.
B I1H3Ae nOfiP06HO OnI1CBaeTCSI «Ka6aHHll
lIlJIe)..l» (Eberhelm). KOTOphlH .n.a.1J. O.n:lIcceIO Me-
pHOH (X, 255-265):
«.lI.B..'I eMY Meq II H3 ro.iJOBY lU.1e:o.1 B03.TJO>KH.l CBOH
H3 KOJKH,
C;I,e.1aHHblH KpenKO. BHYTPU 3TOT 1lI.TIeM HepB3pbIBHO
CMblK3JICSI
M.HOJKeCTBOM: 'IOHKHX pe\He". a cHapy>KU l1.ep>K3I1CS\
KJIbIKBMH
fie.n:blMH OT cpe6p03y6oro BenpSl, YC8.>KeHHblH HMII
lI.HBRO C IfCKYCCTBOM 60JIbIIlHM,-
no cpe,J,HRe :m 6bIJI BOH.TIOKOM BblCTJI8H».1
Yca}KeHHbIH K36aHbHMII KJIbIKaMH IIIJIeM J\.le-
pllOHa.. He n03TI1l1eCKHH BbIMblcel 11 He laKoe-TO
CJIYQaHHOe e.n:HHHqHOe HBJIeHHe.
PeaJIHCTH1:IeCKH T01lHble H306pa>KeHIIH TaKHX
lIIJIel\lOB XOpOIIIO 1f3BeCTHbI no naMHTHHKaM MI1-
l<eHcKoro BpeMeHII, Kor.lI.a OHII 6bIJIH IIIHpOKO
pacnpOCTpaHeHhI B peaJIbHoM }KH3H:H. npeBOCXOJ1-
HbIMII oOpa3lJ.aMII TaKHX 'lf306pa}KeHHM HBJIHJOTCH
IIIJIeMbI Ha peJIbe<pHbIx' rOJIOBKaX BOHHOB H3
MaCCOBbIX MOrHJI HII)KHerO ropo.lI.a B MHKeHax H
113 CnaTbI. OHH HMeIOT BH.lI. BbICOKHX, CY}KH-
BalOIl.{HXCH KBepxy, YJIbe06pa3HblX IIIanOK, Ha
KOTOpbIX CHapYR{1.f BHlI.HbI ropH30HTaJIbHbIe no-
JIOCbI, COCTOHIIl.He H3 HaJIeraIOI.U.HX JI.pyr H3 JI.pyra
cepnOBJ-mHbIX KOpOTKHX nJIaCTIIH, paCnOJIOLKeH-
HbIX BepTHKaw'lbHO.
XapaKTepHoM l1epTofl paCnOJIOLKeHHH nOCJle.a-
HHX HBJIHeTCH TaR >Ke H TO, 1:ITO BbIrH6 nJIaCTHH
13 pa3HbIX ropH30HTaJIHbIX pHJI.aX Bcer.lI.a o6pa-
ll.{eH B npoTIiBOnOJIO>KHbIX Hanpa1BJIeHHHX: BHH3Y.
Hanp,HMep, Ha.l1eBO, BbIIIIe - HanpaBo R T. JJ.... no-
nepeMeHHO. TaKoe pacnOJIO}KeHHe nJIaCTHH
06"bHCHHeTcH TeM, 1:ITO HCnOJIb30BaJIIIb a6a
KJIbIKa Ka>K;J,oro KaoaHa. BbII'HYTbIe B pa3Hble
CTOpOHbl. TOl1HO TaK >Ke H cepnOBH.lI.HaH <popMa
nJIaCTIIH OO"bHCHHeTCH eCTeCTrBeHHOM KpHBII3HOH
KJIbIKOB. CBepxy Ha IIIJIeMaX B03BbIIIIalOTCH BbI-
crynbI JI:JIH nJIIOMa}Ka. I1Hor.1I.a. KaK HanpHMep. Ha
nel1aTH 113 BacpHO, UUleM 6bIBaeT YBeH1JaH
i!BYMH CnHp3.11:bHO 3arHYThIMH poraMH. HecMOTp5i
Ha HeKoTopoe CXOJI:CTBO C poraMu 6apaH3 no-
CJIeJJ..HHe, BepoHTHee Bcero, HBJIHIOTCH HMHTaII.HeH
K36aHbHx KJIbIKOB, 06JIa.lI.alOHx TaKHM JKe 113-.
rHOOM, JIlimb CJIerKa yrpHpoBaHHbIM Ha IIIJIeMe.
Ha 3aTbI.i'JOK II OT BHCKOB K nO.lI.60po.nKY
C IlIJIeMa onYCKaIOTCH 3aIl.{HTHbIe nOKpOBbI H3 Ta-
KHX :>Ke nJIaCTHH. KaK Ha IIIJIeMe.
.B MOrHJIaX MnKeHCKoro .apeMeHH B MIiKeHax,
,[{HMHHH II B CnaT3 yue.1J.e.TIII TalOKe H BeII.J.eCTBeH-
1 HJIHa.1B rOlepa. nepeBO,J, H. .\1.. MHHCKoro. M., 1896,
CTp. 158.
5 1 *
HbIe OCTaTKH 1lI.l1eMOB TaKOH cBoeo6pa3HoH KOH-
CrpYKlJ.HH, He OCTaBJIHIOHe HHKaKoro COMHeHHH
B peaJIbHOCTII CBe,lI.eHIIH. C006I..UaeMbIX B I1.1:Ha.rr.e. 1
D. A. I(Y<PTIfH nOJIaraeT, l1TO nJIaCTHHKH 113
Ka6aHhHX KJIbIKOB Bn.HeTaJIHCb B IIIJIeMbI KpHTO-
MHKeHCKoro THna TOJIbKO JJ.JIH np0l1HOCTH. 2 Ho
3TO 06"bHCHeI:me He,u,OCTaTOl1HO, TaK KaK OCTaB-
JIHeT OTKpbITbIM Bonpoc, nOl1eMY .lI.JIH TaKoM ue..ll1
npHMeH51JlHCb HMeHHO Ra6aHbH KJIbIKH, a He
KaKoM-..1H60 .n.pyroH n10THbIH H TBep.D.biH MaTe-
pHaJI, 60JIee Y.lI.06HbIM )I.J1H oopa60TKH. Be.lI.b JI.JIH
1I3rOTOBJIeHHH H3 KJIbIKa nJIaCTHH Tpe6yeMoH
<pOpMbI HY>KHO 6bI..10 BbIIIOJIHHTb HeJIerKYIO .H3.3a
TBep.n:.ocTH MaTepHaJIa H KpOnGTJIHBYIO paOOTY-
npOJJ,OJIbHO paCnHJIIITb KJIbIK nOnOJIaM, pOBHO
o6pe3aTb 063 KOHll.a. npHj.f.aTb nJIaCTHHe npa-
BHJIbHYIO <pOpM}' H npOCBepJIHTb B lIeR oTBep-
CHiS!.
Ha..11I111Ie Ha «KaoaHbMX» IIIJIeMaX MHKeHCKoro
BpeMeHH CneI..J.Ha.TIbHbIX BblcTynoB, HanOMIIHalO-
Il.{IIX ue.TJblC K.ilblKli 1<363Ha, nO.lI.TBep>K.l1,aeT, l1TO
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3BaHO 6bIJIO He TeXHH1:IeCKiiMH COOOpa:>KeHHHMH, a
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B HeOJIHTH1JecKHX norpe6eHHHX CHOHpli oOHapy-
n<HBaJ1:HCb .KOCTHKH C H3'bHTbIMH 1IepenaMH, B TO
I W. R. e i C he L Homerische Waffen. Wien, 1901,
CTp. 102-106. -
2 B. A. K y cp T H H. TpH 3Tana HCTOpHH K)'JIbTypHoro H
3THHQeCKoro «l>opMHpoBaHHH llO«l>eo,AaJIbHOA A6xa3HH. Ma-
TepHanbl K BpXeonorllH I<o.'ZXHiUi. I. T6HJIHCH. 1949,
CTp. 145.

t04
"4ACTb II. TIPJiEAHRA.:IbE B HEO.rmTIi'IECKOE BPEI\t.H
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KOBCKIIM npH pacKonKax B YCTbe KIiTOH (KOCTHK
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:MeHe elO B 3arpo6HOM Z\IHpe 1:IeJIOBe1:leCKOM 1I.YUIH.
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HBJIHIOI.qHXCH B ;!.aHHOM OTHomeHHH, KaK H B
pHlte .lI.PY'I'HX, 3aKOHHbnm HaCJIeJJ.HIIKa:\m He
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B CBOIO 011epe.lI.b npH 3Hal1HTeJIbHOH 6JIII30CTH
K 3JIeMeHTaM iKYJIbTypbI KHToikKoro npH6aH-
KaJIbH HeKoTopX 3JIeMeHTOB TOll HeoJIIITH1:IeCKOH
CK!pemeHHOM KYJIbTypbI, CJIe,1l.bI 'KOTOpOM O()Hapy-
}KeHbI B IOr()-33naIJ.HOM A1.aHl1}KYPHH B nemepe
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I 11. A. JI 0 n a T H H. fOJIb:I.bl a1ypcKHe, yccypm'kKHe
H CYHfapHHCKHe. B.'1a.lI.HBocToK, 1922, CTp. 123.
2 G. And e r 5 son. Archaologische Studien in China.
l\\itteil. Anthrop. Gesellsch. in Wien, 1924, crp. 71.-
Cp.: B. JI. B 0 r a e Be K H H. 0pY.ll:HSI n ,aOMaWHHe >KHBOT-
Hble TpHnOJIbH. JI., 1937, CTp. 158.
3 G. J. And e r s son. Researches into the Prehistory
of the Chinese. The Mus. of Far East. Antiq. Bull_, J\"Q 15,
Ta6JI. 45, pRC. 15.
4 K. Oh yam a. Korekaw.a Funde. Zeitschr. fi.ir
Primstorie. 1930, II, M 4, CTf. 22.
TypHbIe CBH3H Toro BpeMeHH, OTpa>KaeMbIe Be-
Ill.eCTBeHHbIMH namTHHKaMH, cfloco6C"I'BOB3JlH
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pacnpocpaHeHHID HeKOTOpX np€;:I.CTa, BJIeHHH
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fiOHce norpe6eHHoro.
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CTaTbe M. B. CTenaHoBOH 0 .II.B\"X 3CKllMOCCKHX
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- j
rJIABA VIII. HHTOItCHHIt STAn
405
KO 3TOT nOHC H3 fIpHoaM'KaJIbH, HO II aHCW10rH1:I-
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IUlKa». 3
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Y ce6H KaKOM-JIHOO 3HaK B -naMHTb, HH HapHcyeT
:310 }KIIBOTHoe Ha JI}'Ke CBOeM, UJIll (06bIKHoBeH-
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npH3HaeTCH TOJIbKO TOT, KTO npOlbIClIlJIw He-
CKOJIbKO BOJIKOB, nOMMaJI CTOTJbKO OJleHeH, tJTO H3
nepeHIIX HX tleJIIOCTeH HMeeT nOHC .D:JIH no.zr.apKa
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calli OCTa.TICH B O.lI.HOH Xy.n..OM napKe; 06mee YBa>Ke-
HHe TY3eMueB conYTcTByeT eMY Ha BCIO >K1I3Hb».6
I CM. npHMepbI Bblme, B fJ1aBe, nOCBHI1l.eHf:Oll a6comoT-
HOll XpoHO.IJOrHa.
2 M. B. C Ten  HOB a. .l{Ba 3CKHMOCCKHX nOSica H3
c06paHHSI MA3. C60pH. MA9, XI, 1949.
3 M_ B. C Ten a HOB a, VK. COIl.
'" <1>. £1. B P a H l' e.il b. w 06UTaTe:m ceBepO-3ana_1 H bIX
6eperOB AMepHKH. ChlH OTe1JeCTBa, T. VII, pa3.rr.. III,
.1839-, CTp. 81. (I1HT.: no YK. cot!. M. B. CrenaHoBoti).
"JI. 3 a roc K H H. neWeXO.D.HaSi OnJlCb lIaCTlf PVCCKIIX
BJIaJJ,eHHH B AMe.pHKe, 11_ III. 1848, crp. 48-49. -
6 TaM >Ke.
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peB}I8TH3Ma 1I.l1H .u:Pyrnx 60JIe3HeH l1aCTb TeJI3,
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rrepBOHatlaJIbHOe 3Hal1eHIIe nOnCOB H3 O'1eHbHX
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06bIKHOBeHHO 5IBJIHJIHCb I.laCTH1II Te.,1Ja lI:HKHX
>KHBOTHbIX - HX KorTHMH, 3y6a1\'IlI, KycOtlKaMn
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3BeHKOB, Cnel.l.H3J1bHO H3YQe.HHble C 31'0« CTOpOHH
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O. K:a,u,bHKa, Hallien oR HHX, KpOMe OPY)(HH H KaM-
neil, MHO}Kecrno 3y6oB. KpoM'e Toro, no ero CJIO
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rp06HoM LKH3HH, TO, KaK H oOJIee paHHHe, norpe-
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HeMY H'BJIHIOTCH OCHOBHbIM HCTOtlHIIKOM )1,JIH no.
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MOCIIJIbHHKaX, KaK lI.HKJIO.II.pO1 II KHTOMCKHM MO-
rHJIbHHK. TeM He }leHee OOl1aH 3aK..'1aJ{bIBaTb
J N e I son. Tte Eskimo about Bering Strait. 18 th
Ann. Report of the Bureau Amer. Ethnology, 1899,
cTp. 435.
2 11. B e H H a 101H HOB. OnbrT rpa!lfI\faTHKH a.:reVTCKO-
.1HCbeBcKOro H3bIKa. Cn6., 1869, crp. 119-120. .
3 10. JI Ii C SI H C K" H. nY1-ewecTBue BOKpyr CBeTa
B 1803, 1804, 1805 fl 1806 rr. Ha KopaO:le «HeBa». 1J. II.
1812, crp. 54.

qAt Tb II. IlPHEAPiRA.TlbE B HEOmITllqECKOE BPE!\IR


406


407


rJ1ABA VIII. KHTOfICKHH STAn


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'M. M. f e pac II 1\1 0 B. l\ola.:IbTa. fla.leOolll:lTH'IecK.H1
CTOHHKa. HpKYTCK, 1931.
2 F. F r i e d r i C h von D ii h n. Rot und Tot. .-\rchiv
fUr Religionswissenschaft, neuenter Band, 1906.
3 Edward M.offat We y e r. Archaeological Material
from the Village Site at Hot Springs, Port Moller,
Alaska. N. Y., vol. XXI, 1930.
4 Joshikio K 0 g an e i. Bestattungsweise der Steinzeit
Japans. Journ. Anthropol. Soc. Tokyo, vol. 35, XN-ll-
12, 1920.
5 G. And e r s son. Children of the Yellow Earth.
Studies in the prehistory China, London, 1934.
6 M. E bel' 1. Die AnHinge des europaischen TotenkuI-
tus. Prahist. 'Zeitschr., XIII-XIV, 1921-1922; 0 H >K e.
Siidrussland im Altertum. 1921, CTp. 40.
7 M.. M a K ape H K o. MapilOni.JlbCbKUH. MOnUbHJfK.
KHiB, 1933.
8 M. H. E P hi 0 JI e H K o. PeJl.KaH apxeo.'1orHqeCKaH Ha-
XOJl.Ka B I(a6ap.LI:HHO-BaJIKapCKOH ABToHOMHoii 06JI3CTH.
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po B C K H ii H f. B. fl 0 JI. r a e 1.\ K H ii. MorlI.'IbHHK
B r. Ha.'1bqHKe. MaTep. H HCC-'1e,z:t. no apxoo.lorHH CCCP,
N!! 3, 1941, CTp. 107.


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I I. Lay a r d. Stone Men of MalekuIa, CTp. 241-242.

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.n.IlT Fr. Ptister B cBoeM CTaTbe Das Bild des Ebers als
amulet und Symbol. IhBecTlljl Apxeo.'IOrUGeCKOrO I1HCTH-
TYT8 EO:lrapcKoH AKa!J.eMHIf HaYK. KHHra XVI. q. I,
CO<p1U1, 1950. CTp. 249-255.


CTOpOHbI, pOCT MeTaJI.,rryprllII - C .lI.PyroH, YCUJIII-
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Pe.Z1:aKTOp H3j\3TeJIbCTBa A. H. C0 60.ll e8a. TeXHHQeCKHH peLl.8KTOp E. A. MaKCUM08Q. KoppeKTop JI. C. Xa.IlU..1.faHo 8UtI.
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.1HCTOB 51,5. Yq.-H3JJ.. JI. 53,2. THpa:>K 2000. 3aKa3 ;N'Q 1610. UeH3 B nepen.r leTe 45 p. 50 K.
I-n nmorpaqnm H3j],aTe..'lbCTBa AK.aJI.eMHH HaYK CCCP. .JleHl:fHrpalI.. B. 0.. 9-51 JIHHHH, 1l.. 12.


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