DICTIONARIES OF TALMUD, MIDRASH AND TARGUM III
and
PUBLICATIONS OF THE COMPREHENSIVE ARAMAIC LEXICON PROJECT
A DICTIONARY
OF
JEWISH BABYLONIAN ARAMAIC
OF
THE TALMUDIC AND GEONIC PERIODS
by
MICHAEL SOKOLOFF
4
BAR ILAN UNIVERSITY PRESS, RAMAT-GAN, ISRAEL
THE JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY PRESS, BALTIMORE AND LONDON

Published with the assistance of:
The Milan Roven Chair ofTalmudic Studies, Bar Ilan University
The Herman P. and Sophia Taubman Chair of Talmudic Culture, University of California, Berkeley
The "Amos " Fund for the Encouragement of Scholars and Writers, Founded by the President of Israel
The preparation of this volume was made possible in part by a grant from the Program for Research
Tools and Reference Works of the United States National Endowment for the Humanities,
an independent Federal agency.
ISBN 965-226-260-9
©
Copyright by Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel. All rights reserved, including those of translation
into foreign languages. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any
means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage
and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
Printed in Israel on acid free paper — 2002
by Graphit Press Ltd., Jerusalem
Bar Ilan University Press
Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
www.biu.ac.il/Press
The Johns Hopkins University Press
2715 North Charles Street
Baltimore, Maryland 21218-4363
www.press.jhu.edu
ISBN 0-8018-7233-2
Library of Congress Control Number: 2002106817
To Simone,
ruta-Vy n>by nxi V>n toy nm nisi
Proverbs 31:29

CONTENTS
PREFACE 9
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 11
INTRODUCTION 13
ABBREVIATIONS AND SIGNS 25
SOURCES 55
DICTIONARY 69
INDICES: 1241
I. BABYLONIAN TALMUD 1243 / II. GEONIC
WRITINGS 1511/ III. WRITINGS OF ANAN 1552/
IV INCANTATION TEXTS 1563 / V MASORETIC
TEXTS 1581 / VI. VARIA 1582

PREFACE
The author's aim in preparing the present dictionary was twofold:
1. To provide both students and scholars with an up-to-date tool for an accurate
understanding of the Jewish Babylonian Aramaic dialect of the Talmudic and the Geonic
Periods.
2. To provide a comparative tool for the Aramaist and Semitic linguist by which to see
the relationship between this Aramaic dialect and the other contemporary Eastern
Aramaic dialects, viz. Syriac and Mandaic.
Students of Rabbinic literature are mainly interested in reading and understanding texts
containing Jewish Babylonian Aramaic, particularly the Babylonian Talmud, which, however,
also contains much material written in several varieties of Rabbinic Hebrew. Though the
Rabbinic dictionaries since the Middle Ages have traditionally combined both the Aramaic
and Hebrew vocabularies of this literature in one volume, such a procedure also has its
drawbacks. Indeed, I can only repeat here the words of Th. Noldeke, written over a century
ago:
One could tend to doubt the propriety of a dictionary of the entire old Rabbinic literature.
Namely, it is anathema for linguists to find Hebrew and Aramaic together in one lexicon.
But on the other hand, this entire literature, as diverse as it is, stands together. And
furthermore, Hebrew and Aramaic passages in both Talmuds and in the later Midrashim
stand so close that any doubt may be suppressed before practical needs.
Literarisches Centralblatt fiir Deutschland 1875, p. 875
However, before such a practical two-language dictionary can be written each of the Hebrew
and Aramaic linguistic strands which make up the vocabulary of this literature must first be
untangled and treated individually. Moreover, in many places throughout this dictionary the
author has noted similar usages between Jewish Babylonian Aramaic and Rabbinic Hebrew
where each may serve as the source language for caiques in the other.
With the completion of his work on the Rabbinic Aramaic dialects of Eretz Israel and
Babylonia, it is the author's hope that in the coming years parallel lexicons of the Hebrew
language of these two centers will appear. Only then will it be possible to combine the results
into one volume which will accurately reflect the two languages of Rabbinic literature.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Financial assistance for the research on this work was provided to the author by the following
institutions and funding bodies: The Memorial Foundation for Jewish Culture; the Israel
Academy of Sciences and Humanities; the Bar Ilan Research Council; the Littauer
Foundation. Major funding came through a grant from the United States National Endowment
for the Humanities.
The computer programming for the project was carried out at Johns Hopkins University,
Baltimore, during 1987-89, in the framework of the Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project,
funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities, under the direction of Prof. S.A.
Kaufman, Hebrew Union College, Cincinnati. Additional programming was done at Bar Ilan
University by I. Yedidya, of the Department of Mathematics and Computer Sciences, and all
the programs were run on the Department's Vax computers.
I should like to thank Prof. Z. Ben Hayyim, the former director of the Historical Dictionary
of the Hebrew Language of the Academy of the Hebrew Language for providing me with an
electronic version of the Aramaic portions of the Babylonian Talmud prepared for the
Historical Dictionary, and Z. Bushariya, head of the Historical Dictionary's computing
section, for having written the necessary programs to extract them from the complete text.
Conversion of the electronic version into a form suitable for computer analysis was done by
Dr. Moshe Hoshen and Dr. Dalia Hoshen. Mr. S. Yahalom checked all of the text references
and saved the author from many errors. Ms. S. Butbul checked all of the references in Arabic.
Mr. A. Leidner checked all of the cross references in the dictionary. Prof. Sh. Shaked, Hebrew
University, Jerusalem, who for many years has devoted much of his research to Iranian
loanwords in Aramaic, gave generously of his time to check all of the Iranian loanwords and
to discuss problems concerning them. Prof. S.A. Kaufman and Prof. S. Friedman, Jewish
Theological Seminary, Jerusalem, read through the entire text of the dictionary and provided
many corrections. Prof. Y Sabar, UCLA, placed a pre-publication copy of his dictionary of
Jewish Neo-Aramaic at my disposal. Dr. Y Kara permitted me to use his card file of
vocalized words in Halakhot Gedolot, Ms. Paris, and the page proofs of BAYTN. As in my
previous dictionary, D. Louvish read through the entire text with his keen eye in order to
correct style and insure consistency.
A fellowship from the Center for Judaic Studies of the University of Pennsylvania enabled
the author to devote the academic year 1993-94 to work on the dictionary. Similarly, a grant
through the Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project enabled him to work full time on the
dictionary at Hebrew Union College, Cincinnati, during the academic year 1997-98. Dr. J. A.
Lund of the Project staff was helpful to him in many ways during his stay there.

12 DICTIONARY OF JEWISH BABYLONIAN ARAMAIC
A few words are in order concerning the production of the book itself. Advances in computer
programs over the last decade have considerably diminished both the time and cost of
mutilingual printing and improved its quality. The entire text of the dictionary was input by
the author using the Israeli English-Hebrew version of the DOS wordprocessing program
Nota Bene ('Shapirit'), converted by the author into a multilingual version. The resulting
dictionary files were then imported into an especially adapted version of the Windows
desktop publishing program TAG. I should like to thank Mr. D. Weissman, the author of the
TAG program, for all his assistance, as well as Mr. S. Guttman, who designed all of the fonts
used in this book. Ms. M. Avisar, director of Bar Ilan University Press, and Ms. A. Lamdan,
also of the Press, contributed considerably to the book's production.
The dictionary is dedicated to my wife, Simone, without whose support it could not have
been written.
M.S.
INTRODUCTION
0.0 Introduction
0.1 Jewish Babylonian Aramaic1 was the spoken and written language of the Jewish
communities in parts of what are today Iraq and Iran during the Sasanian and post-Sasanian
Periods (3rd-11th cents. CE), corresponding to the Amoraic, Savoraic, and Geonic Periods
of Jewish chronology. Together with Syriac and Mandaic, Jewish Babylonian Aramaic forms
the eastern branch of Middle Aramaic,2 which has survived to the present day in the modern
Aramaic dialects spoken by Jews, Christians, and Mandeans in an area ranging from Eastern
Turkey to Iran.3
1.0 Sources
1.1 The following are the sources of Jewish Babylonian Aramaic:
1.1.1 The Babylonian Talmud4 - Edited during the Sasanian Period in the 5th-6th
cents. CE in the various academies of Jewish Babylonia, this compendium of Jewish law and
lore, which is organized as a commentary on thirty-seven of the tractates of the Mishna, is
our main source for knowledge of Jewish Babylonian Aramaic5
1.1.2 Geonic Literature6 - During the post-Talmudic Period (6th- 11th cents. CE) the
heads of the academies in Jewish Babylonia, called the Geonim, wrote commentaries on the
Babylonian Talmud, responsa, monographs on aspects of Jewish law, and lexicographical
works, much of them in Jewish Babylonian Aramaic.7
1.1.3 Writings of Anan - Anan b. David (8th cent. CE), the founder of a sect which
was a forerunner of Karaism, compiled an exegetical work on the Pentateuch on the basis of
1 For a survey of this dialect, see: E.Y. Kutscher, EJ 2:278ff, w. prev. lit. For an earlier and still valuable survey,
see: Rosenthal, AF 212-223.
2 For a study of the division of these dialects, see: D. Boyarin, Kearns Vol 613-649.
3 On the division of the modern dialects, see: Hoberman, Syntax 3-9, w. prev. lit.
4 For a general introduction to this text, see: EJ 15:755; Strack-Stemberger 190-224.
5 While there is still no up-to-date grammar based on manuscript materials, the following grammatical works may
be consulted: Eps, Gr [see the programmatic review article of Kut, Studies 227-255 (Hebrew)]; Kara [the
Yemenite manuscript tradition]; Morag [the Yemenite oral tradition of the verb]; Schlesinger, Satzlehre [syntax
based mainly on the printed edition].
6 For a general introduction to the Geonic Period and its literature, see: Brody, Geonim. A convenient description
of the collections of Geonic Responsa may be found in Groner, Hai Gaon 173-187.
7 The period between the Talmudic and the Geonic Periods is referred to as the Savoraic Period which, swhile
being extremely important for the crystallization of the text of the Babylonian Talmud and for the foundation
of the Geonic institutions, is more or less a dark age from which little concrete data has survived. For a survey,
see: Ephrati, Sevoraic Period; Brody Geonim 4-10.

14
DICTIONARY OF JEWISH BABYLONIAN ARAMAIC
his principles and beliefs. Parts of this work have survived in manuscripts from the Geniza
and in substantial quotations in the works of later Karaite authors.8
1.1.4 Magical texts - By the end of the twentieth century, about two hundred and fifty
Jewish magic bowls from Iraq and Iran, dating between the 5th-8th cents. CE, had been
published by a number of scholars in varying degrees of accuracy, though a far greater
number of bowls still remains to be published in both public and private collections.9 Though
the dialect of these texts is not identical with the standard Jewish Babylonian Aramaic' ° of
the literary texts and includes many archaic and dialectal features, the importance of these
texts cannot be overstated, since they are the only epigraphic remains of this dialect which
have survived from antiquity.'' Additionally, Harba de-Mose "The Sword of Moses", a book
of magical practice, dates from this period.
1.1.5 Babylonian Masora - Many of the notes in the various Babylonian Masoretic
treatises are written in the dialect of the Geonic Period.12
2.0 Lexicography of Jewish Babylonian Aramaic13
2.1 General Dictionaries of the Modern Period14
2.1.1 Modern lexicography of Jewish Babylonian Aramaic begins with J. Buxtorf's Lexicon^
and concludes with M. Jastrow's Dictionary, completed in 1903.16 All of the dictionaries
published in this period attempted to include in one volume the entire Hebrew and Aramaic
8 On Anan and his work, see: L. Nemoy, Karaite Anthology, New Haven 1952 3-20.
9 For a survey of the major publications of these texts, see: AMB 13-21, supplemented now by additional texts
which have been published by the same authors in MSF. The bowls in the collection of the British Museum
have recently been published (see: Segal, CAMIB). Several large collections of bowls are currently in the process
of being published: 1. The Iraq Museum collection, Baghdad (E. Hunter); 2. the Moussaieff collection, London
(Sh. Shaked); 3. the Schoyen collection, Oslo (Sh. Shaked and D. Levene). The combined number of bowls in
these collections is now over one thousand, and hence they will add much to our previous knowledge of this
genre of texts.
10 Recently, the first and so-far only known bowl in standard Jewish Babylonian Aramaic was published. See: Ch.
Miiller-Kessler-Th. Kwasman, Bowl. For a discussion of the various forms of Aramaic in the bowl texts, see:
Ch. Miiller-Kessler, Handbook of Magic Bowls in Koine Babylonian Aramaic, Groningen 2001 [forthcoming].
11 Rossell, Handbook, includes a grammar and glossary of the texts published until that time (1958), but in light
of the fact that many of these texts were incorrectly copied and many new texts have now been published, this
work is sorely out-of-date. For grammatical details, one may now consult Juusola, Peculiarities. It has been clear
for a long time now that most of the Jewish incantation bowl texts [i.e. those written in Hebrew characters] were
composed in a koine which contains lexical items properly belonging to Syriac or Mandaic. See, especially:
Harviainen; Miiller-Kessler-Kwasman, Bowl 159.
12 This material was dealt with in pioneering studies by P. Kahle, Y. Yeivin, and G. Weil. The field has recently
been summarized by Ofer, BMs.
13 For a general survey, see: E.Y. Kutscher, The Present State of Research into Mishnaic Hebrew (especially
Lexicography) and its Tasks, Archive 1 (1972) 3-28 [Hebrew]; English summary, pp. Ill—X.
14 The history of Talmudic lexicography from the Geonic Period to present times has yet to be written. The most
important work on the earlier period is still the study in Eps, GC D-TOp. On the transmission of the lexical
traditions of the Geonim to the West, see: Eps, St I 33-34.
15 This dictionary was first published in 1639 and went through a number of editions during a period of over two
centuries. The last edition, edited by B. Fischer, appeared in 1868.
16 For a bibliography of lexical works on Jewish Babylonian Aramaic, see: Strack-Stemberger 160-162.
INTRODUCTION
15
vocabulary of Rabbinic literature in its widest sense (viz. the various Rabbinic Hebrew
dialects, the Aramaic of the various Targums, the two Talmuds, and the Midrashim). During
the twentieth century, Jastrow's English work achieved a wide circulation and pre-eminence
among both scholars and laymen, though in some respects (e.g. etymology) it represents a
regression from the achievements of nineteenth century Talmudic lexicography. Thus, Levy
in his Worterbuch extensively employed the Syriac lexicon as far as it was available to him
with good results,17 and in many cases he was able to establish the correct etymology of a
word or to decide between variant readings on the basis of that language.18 Though Jastrow
is clearly dependent upon his predecessors, his dictionary is certainly much more than a
reworking of Levy's Worterbuch into English. In many cases only the trained eye of the
scholar can decide which of the two lexica is to be preferred regarding a specific lexeme.
2.1.2 The third complete dictionary from modern times, Kohut's edition of the Aruch,19
written in Rabbinic Hebrew, is both underestimated and underemployed today, for reasons
which will readily be apparent. Kohut's aim was twofold: 1. To edit a critical edition of the
Aruch of Nathan b. Yehiel of Rome (10th cent.); 2. to use this as a basis for writing a
complete modern Rabbinic lexicon. As it stands, however, the work suffers from severe
structural defects. Kohut retained the original medieval biliteral ordering of the Aruch, which
also included verbs and nouns in the same, entry, and thus, for the modern reader finding a
particular entry is a both time-consuming and daunting task. While his own erudite notes are
often very valuable, their being interspersed among the text of the Aruch and its
commentators often requires careful reading to know where one ends and the other begins.
Kohut's well-known propensity to see Persian loanwords everywhere20 has added to the
general perception that many of his etymologies are farfetched. On the other hand, he
employed many textual sources not exploited by other lexicographers (e.g. Midrash
Haggadot), quoted extensively from the variae lectionis of Rabbinowicz' Diqduqei Soferim
(1865-1897) and cited many medieval scholars. Moreover, he was the only lexicographer to
exploit the new Geonic sources which began to appear towards the end of the nineteenth
century, especially in the later volumes of the work and in the Additamenta et Corrigenda.
Nevertheless, in spite of the corrections to be found in Additamenta ad librum Aruch
Completum, this work remains basically unwieldly for the modern scholar and student,
though much important information may be garnered from a systematic reading of the work.
2.2 Specialized Works
2.2.1 In addition to the general Rabbinic lexica just described, a number of specialized works
have been produced dealing with various aspects of Jewish Babylonian Aramaic, e.g.
17 Though not stated anywhere in his introduction, he most likely used Castellus, Lexicon, the only available
dictionary at the time.
18 In this he was preceded by A. Geiger, who published a series of important articles in which he utilized the
Syriac lexicon. See, e.g. Jiidische Begriffe und Worte innerhalb der syrischen Literatur, ZDMG (1866) 487-492.
19 See: Kohut, AC.
20 See the extensive review of W. Bacher, ZDMG 47 (1893) 487-514, especially 501-510. Kohut's excesses were
subsequently corrected by B. Geiger in AAC.

16
DICTIONARY OF JEWISH BABYLONIAN ARAMAIC
loanwords,21 Realia,22 flora and fauna,23 and terminology.24 While the quality of these works
varies, much valuable lexical material which has never been incorporated in any Rabbinic
dictionary is available in them, in the main since most of these works appeared after the
publication of the existing dictionaries.
3.0 The Purpose of the Present Work
3.1 Since the beginning of the twentieth century no complete dictionary of Jewish Babylonian
Aramaic has appeared,25 even though the results of much important textual and lexical work
by various scholars have made a new comprehensive work imperative. While much material
was collected in Additamenta ad librum Aruch Completum, published in 1936, even the
contributions of this work remain inaccessible to a large degree to the general reader because
of the enforced structure of the book, which followed the order of Aruch Completum.
Moreover, since the appearance of this work, many new lexical studies have appeared in both
books and in articles.26
3.2 More basically, access to the primary sources of Jewish Babylonian Aramaic, especially
the actual manuscripts of the Babylonian Talmud, is now greater than it was when all the
previous dictionaries were written.27 Until quite recently, scholars almost exclusively
employed the printed text of the Babylonian Talmud as the basis for their work and culled
variants from the volumes of Diqduqei Soferim, as far as they were available at the time.
Today, with the availability of facsimile editions of many Talmudic manuscripts28 and
electronic editions of nearly all of them,29 there is convenient direct access to the original
texts, and the textual basis of a modern dictionary can rest on much firmer ground.
21 Akkadian: Kaufman, AIOA; Greek: Krauss, Lehnw; Sperber, GLLT; Persian: Geiger, AAC (passim); S. Telegdi,
JAs, 1935 178-256; Shaked, EIr.
22 E.g. Krauss, TalArch; id., Qadmoniot; Brand, Ceramics.
23 Low, Pfl; idem, Flora; idem, Fauna.
24 Bacher, Term.
25 The only value of Dalman, Handworterbuch, published in 1922, is for the vocalization of the Onkelos-type
Targums taken from Yemenite manuscripts. It has no independent value for Jewish Babylonian Aramaic. E.Z.
Melammed's '^M Ttabrb nay-'BIX \hll (Dictionnaire arameen-hebreu), Jerusalem 1992, is a didactic work
geared to laymen and not a scientific dictionary.
26 The many contributions of J.N. Epstein towards the elucidation of the vocabulary of Jewish Babylonian Aramaic
which are now conveniently available in Eps, CG, Stl, and St2, overshadow the work of all other scholars.
27 For a list of the manuscripts, see: M. Krupp, Manuscripts of the Babylonian Talmud, in: S. Safrai (ed.), The
Literature of the Sages, Assen/Maastricht 1987 346-365.
28 H. Strack published in facsimile the Munich Ms. of the entire Talmud in 1912 (v. Strack, Munich). L.
Goldschmidt published the Hamburg Ms. of Tractate Neziqin in 1914 (v. Goldschmidt, Nez). S. Abramson
published in facsimile a Spanish manuscript of 'Avoda Zara in 1957 in New York (v. Abramson, AZ). Facsimiles
of the most of Talmudic manuscripts in the Vatican Library-the largest collection in the world-with the
exception of those to Pesahim - were published by Makor Press in the 1960's.
29 The Academy of the Hebrew Language has prepared electronic texts of what is considered to be the most
reliable manuscript of each tractate (see: E. Weissberg, 'tan TObm ta> mwu JWnOB 12 112'yV 57X0, PAHL
28-30 [1981-83] 332-345) and has recently made them available on CD-ROM (See: The Hebrew Language
Historical Dictionary Project, Ancient Literature Section, Ma 'agarim, Jerusalem 2001). The Lieberman Institute
of the Jewish Theological Seminary of America has prepared to date electronic editions of ca. two hundred
manuscript units [one unit equals the text of one manuscript of one tractate] which currently complement the
INTRODUCTION
17
4.0 Methodology™
4.1 General Considerations
4.1.1 Over and above all of the technical problems lies the methodological problem of a
dialect dictionary vis-a-vis a text dictionary.31 The tradition of Rabbinic lexicography, starting
from the Aruch, was to combine all of the various Hebrew and Aramaic lexical items found
in Rabbinic literature in the widest sense, stemming from both Babylonia and Palestine, in
one work.32 While this procedure is convenient for studying the bilingual Rabbinic literature,
a gradual appreciation of the need to treat each language and dialect separately33 has
highlighted the deficiencies in the state of Rabbinic lexicography. The following are the most
salient ones:
4.1.1.1 The existing dictionaries combine in one entry Babylonian, Palestinian, and
Targumic Aramaic words from various periods. Since morphologically similar words even in
closely related dialects can frequently differ in both meaning and nuance, their consolidation
in one dictionary when unmarked is often misleading.34
4.1.1.2 The compilers of the earlier Rabbinic dictionaries sought to achieve lexical-not
dialectal - completeness. It was felt that as long as a word was quoted from one dialect, there
was no need to give references to it for each dialect in which it occurred. Consequently, the
absence of a reference to a word in Jewish Babylonian Aramaic in the existing dictionaries
does not necessarily mean that this word is not attested in that dialect.35
4.1.1.3 Since the time of the Aruch, the compilers of the dictionaries viewed themselves
as text commentators as well as lexicographers. As a result, the dictionaries tend to give
extended explanations of the text, beyond the necessity of its simple meaning, when it
contains a difficult or rare word.36 On the other hand, most words of high frequency, even if
they have a variegated semantic range, tend to be almost entirely disregarded.37
4.1.1.4 All of the previous dictionaries are based on the late (nineteenth cent.) and
textually corrupt printed editions of the Babylonian Talmud.38 The availability today of nearly
work done by the Academy but will eventually include all of the manuscripts. While the entire database of the
Lieberman Institute can be accessed by means of a search engine which allows simple, Boolean, and wildcard
searches, the CD-ROM of the Academy can only be searched for the lexico-morphologically analyzed Hebrew
words, and not Aramaic.
30 See: Sok, Progress.
31 See, e.g. Eps, Stl 34.
32 Cf. Kutscher's criticism [op. cit., n. 13].
33 The author's DJPA was the first dictionary of a Rabbinic dialect to be written along these lines.
34 This is especially the case with Dalman, Handworterbuch.
35 Many Jewish Babylonian Aramaic words, even some occurring in the printed editions are absent from the lexica.
See: Sok, Progress 19533.
36 The fact that many of the explanations of the Aruch derive either from Geonic sources or from the commentaries
of R. Hananel or R. Gershom may explain this phenomenon. In modern times, this tendency was continued in
Levy, TMW, which explains the large size of that work.
37 The reader may compare, for example, the length of the entries of Tin vb., nnj vb., and pta vb. in the present
dictionary with that of its predecessors.
38 For a history of the printing of the Talmud from the sixteenth until the twentieth century, see: Rabbinowicz,

18
DICTIONARY OF JEWISH BABYLONIAN ARAMAIC
all of the existing Talmudic manuscripts as well as many Geniza fragments39 provides an
entirely new textual basis for the lexicon. The republication over the last century of critical
editions of a large amount of Geonic material40 and the editing of numerous original responsa
and other Geonic works, especially those discovered in the Cairo Geniza,4' has provided the
lexicographer of Jewish Babylonian Aramaic with new sources, both primary and secondary,
for his work.
4.1.2 Until recently it was either impossible or impractical to excerpt every instance of a
lexeme in a given corpus unless it was of limited size. The compilers of the previous Rabbinic
dictionaries produced their works by preparing slips with selected text references. A historical
study of these dictionaries would probably show that each author built upon the work of his
predecessors and added additional, newly collected, material. Notwithstanding the
monumental efforts expended by the Kasowski family in producing manual concordances of
all of the major texts of the Rabbinic literature, including the Babylonian Talmud,42 this
procedure has been a limiting factor for every lexicographer of these texts. However, with
the introduction of the electronic computer into the field of text processing, the goal of
producing a Key Word in Context (KWIC) concordance of even a very large corpus to serve
as a database for its semantic analysis has become a reality.43 The basis of the present
dictionary was a database in the form of a KWIC of the entire corpus.
4.2 The textual components utilized for preparing this database were the following:
4.2.1 The Aramaic texts
4.2.1.1 The Babylonian Talmud - The Academy of the Hebrew Language's Historical
Dictionary of the Hebrew Language provided the author with the Aramaic portions of the
entire Babylonian Talmud in electronic form, from the text editions prepared by the
dictionary staff, for each tractate according to the manuscript considered to be its best overall
representative.44 This raw material was reworked in the following fashion: The running text
Ma'amar; M.J. Heller, Printing the Talmud, New York 1992. On the Spanish and Portuguese incunabulae, see:
Dimitrovsky, SB.
39 All of these manuscripts are now accessible on microfilm in the Institute of Microfilm Manuscripts of the
National and Hebrew University Library, Jerusalem, in facsimile editions, or in electronic form (see supra, n.
29), but the lack of a complete catalog of all the Talmudic Geniza fragments makes their utilization difficult.
(The catalog prepared under the auspices of the Mishna Project of the Israel Academy of Sciences has not been
published to date; see: Y. Sussmann, Talmud Fragments in the Cairo Geniza, Te'uda 1 [1980] 7-20 [Heb].)
Several volumes of photographs of Talmudic Geniza fragments have been published (See: Katsch, GTB I, II;
Golinkin, GRH). On vocalized Geniza fragments, see: Morag, VTM. The author would like to thank the
Lieberman Institute, Jerusalem, for letting him utilize its extensive collection of photographs of Geniza
manuscripts from various libraries.
40 E.g. Seel; HG; HP; iSGF.
41 E.g. TGHark; Geon; TGAs27/28/33/44.
42 See: C.J. & B. Kasowski, TTCV. The textual basis for this work was the Vilna edition; hence, it could not be
used as the basis for the work on the present dictionary.
43 For a description of the author's similar project for producing DJPA, see: Sok, JPA Final Report; idem, The New
Dictionary of Jewish Palestinian Aramaic: A Description of the Dictionary and its Compilation, HL,
33-35(1992) 65-78 (Hebrew).
44 See above, n. 29. On the authority of the late E.S. Rosenthal, the Academy chose Yemenite manuscripts as its
INTRODUCTION
19
was divided into lines corresponding to those in the standard Vilna edition, and the Hebrew
words necessary for its comprehension were added to give a coherent text.
4.2.1.2 Geonic texts - The following Geonic texts were incorporated into the database:
Halakhot Pesuqot,^ Se'eltot,^ Iggeret Rav Sarrira Gaon,^ the Formularies of Se'adya Gaon
and Hayya Gaon,48 and a selection of the responsa, mostly from the Geniza.49
4.2.1.3 Incantation bowls and magical texts - The texts published until the 1990's
were provided in electronic form by D. Sperling, who incorporated into them the important
corrections and revised readings of J. N. Epstein.50 The last decade has seen a marked increase
in the publication of these texts,51 not all of which could be included in the electronic
database.52 In addition to the bowls, the magical text Harba de-Mose^ was also incorporated
into the database.
4.2.1.4 Anan's Book of Commandments - All of the survivng portions of this text both
from the Geniza and from medieval Karaite books,54 were incorporated into the database.
4.3 Preparation of the Database55
4.3.1 The database was prepared by using an analytical concordancing program, designed for
the use of the Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon (CAL) Project.56 The basic components of
this program are the following:
4.3.1.1 Outline Lexicon - A list containing each lemma of the dictionary, its part of
speech, and a gloss.
4.3.1.2 Analytical Table - A list of the prefixes and suffixes occurring with verbs and
nouns in Jewish Babylonian Aramaic.
4.3.1.3 Morphological Parser - A program which utilizes the two previous files to give
a morpho-lexical analysis of each string in the text.
basic text for those tractates for which these have survived (for details on these manuscripts, see Kara 1-11).
Evidence of the Yemenite tradition for other tractates was culled by the author from the extensive Aramaic
quotations from the Babylonian Talmud found in Midrash Haggadol and Sefer Ha-Ma 'asim.
45 See: Brody, Geonim 217ff.
46 See: ib. 202ff.
47 See: ib. 20ff.
48 See: ib. 264
49 See above, n. 7.
50 See: Eps, Stl 329-374.
51 See above, n. 9.
52 The author has tried to include all new lexical items appearing in these texts in the dictionary.
53 This text was originally published in Gaster, HM. A new critical edition of the text (see: Harari, HM) has now
been prepared with the use of additional manuscripts.
54 This text was also the subject of a lexical study by Eps, Stl 71-84.
55 A more detailed discussion of this phase of the work is given in Sok, JBA Final Report.
56 The CAL Project, directed by S. A. Kaufman, Hebrew Union College, Cincinnati, has been supported by grants
from the National Endowment for the Humanities since 1987. Since 1992, the present dictionary project has
been included under the funding of the CAL Project. The analytical programs which were written for the CAL
Project between 1987-90 were modified for the use of the present project by I. Yedidya, Bar Ilan University.

20
DICTIONARY OF JEWISH BABYLONIAN ARAMAIC
4.3.2 With the aid of these programs, a lemfile57 was sequentially prepared from each of the
sources of the dictionary, e.g. one tractate or a group of tractates. Since a large percentage
of the vocabulary is extremely rare, and common words may occur in a wide variety of
spellings and morphological forms, intensive manual input was also necessary to produce the
final accurate version of each lemfile. After the first corrected lemfiles were produced, pair
files58 were generated from them, which could be employed to speed up analysis of the new
material by correctly analyzing recurring strings in new texts. The most useful derivative of
the lemfiles was a KWIC concordance of the entire textbase which served as the database
for the writing of the dictionary.
4.4 Comparative and Etymological Data
4.4.1 The existing dictionaries of the related Aramaic dialects were checked to provide
comparative and etymological data, which were helpful both in determining the correct
morphological form of the entries and in delimiting their range of meanings. All cognates in
the other Eastern Aramaic dialects (Syriac, Mandaic) are cited, while data from other
Aramaic dialects are only quoted either when comparative data is lacking in these two
dialects or for special illustrative purposes.59 Since the Aramaic vocalization tradition of
Targumic Aramaic originated in Babylonia, cognates from this dialect are quoted whenever
available.60 The origin of all loanwords deriving from Akkadian, Hebrew, Persian, and Greek
is given.
4.5 Secondary Literature
4.5.1 Both traditional and scientific literature dealing with Jewish Babylonian Aramaic is
quite extensive, and any attempt on the part of an individual lexicographer to encompass it
all is a major undertaking. In order to reduce this task to a reasonable size, no attempt was
made to determine priority in the establishment of a particular meaning or form, but rather,
when references are given, the author's intention is to point out to the reader an up-to-date
discussion which takes into account the results of the relevant previous literature. The
literature cited is limited to philological discussions only, since references to the exegetical
literature properly belong to a text commentary.61
5.0 The Entries
5.1 All Aramaic common words appearing in the texts of the corpus have been included, with
the following exceptions:
57 A lemfile consists of a line for each word in a source text and has four fields: Lemma - part of speech - string
from text - coordinate.
58 A line in a pair file includes two consecutive words in a text, together with the lexico-morphological analysis
of the first word. Such pairs comprise minimal syntactic units.
59 As a rule, cognates from the modern Eastern Aramaic dialects are not quoted, unless they can make a significant
contribution to the semantic elucidation of a word.
60 Similarly, comparative material from Rabbinic Hebrew is quoted as far as possible with Babylonian vocalization
from Yeivin, BV.
61 No attempt was made to include literature dealing with commentaries on the text, and as a rule, secondary
INTRODUCTION
21
5.1.1 Words quoted from pre-Amoraic sources not properly belonging to Jewish
Babylonian Aramaic - e.g. Megillat Ta 'anit, Aramaic citations from the Tannaitic literature,
the Targumim to the Pentateuch and the Prophets.62
5.1.2 Archaic words occurring in writs6^ - While scholars have previously noted the
occurrence of various dialects in the Jewish Babylonian Aramaic literature, research on this
subject has not reached the point which would permit labeling all such words with certainty
as archaic. However, some words in the dictionary have been labeled 'archaic' or 'dialectal',
since they clearly do not belong to the mainstream of Jewish Babylonian Aramaic.
5.1.3 Personal64 and geographic65 names - Since these categories require special
treatment, they have not been included in the dictionary, though gentilics derived from them
have been listed.
5.1.4 Non-Aramaic words - Original non-Aramaic words have been included only
when it is clear from a modification of their morphological form or from a clear semantic
usage that they may be classified as loanwords and not as transcriptions.
5.2 Orthography
5.2.1 Though the orthography of the European and eastern (non-Yemenite) manuscripts is
somewhat more explicit than that of the printed editions,66 more radical orthographical
differences are found both in the original Geohic texts and in the Yemenite manuscripts,
which derive directly from the Geonic tradition of Babylonia.67 The importance of this explicit
orthography for the information it contains on the phonology of Jewish Babylonian Aramaic
in the Geonic Period cannot be overstated, and these spellings have been quoted in the entries.
Nevertheless, an eclectic approach, conforming more or less to the traditional orthography
was felt to be more appropriate for the headwords of the entries, in order to make the use of
the dictionary easier for the reader.
5.3 Vocalization
5.3.1 Previous modern dictionaries have vocalized the lexemes either on the basis of the
traditional Ashkenazic pronunciation or as reconstructions based on the word's supposed
etymology.68 A 'correct' reading of a Jewish Babylonian Aramaic word69 may be ascertained
through a variety of methods:
literature was restricted to modern authors, though much important material may be culled from traditional
commentators.
62 These are generally cited in the Babylonian Talmud as «pr 3T DrWOTS or jrJMnmra.
63 See: Kutscher, Studies 417-430 [Hebrew],
64 There is as yet no comprehensive study of the personal names in the Jewish Babylonian Aramaic literature in
light of the contemporary onomasticon.
65 On the GN's, see: Eshel, JS; Oppenheimer, BJ.
66 I.e. they employ more vowel letters.
67 This includes many explicit spellings without laryngeals or pharyngeals, corresponding more closely to the
actual spoken language. Many examples may be found in Kara (passim).
68 It may be pointed out also here that the same applies to the vocalization of Rabbinic Hebrew in the dictionaries,
which can be greatly improved on the basis of reliable manuscripts from European libraries and the Cairo Geniza
(see, e.g.: Kutscher, Studies 73-168).
69 This is clearly a theoretical concept, since a reasonable goal is the determination of the probable pronunciation

22
DICTIONARY OF JEWISH BABYLONIAN ARAMAIC
5.3.1.1 Explicit vocalizations in manuscripts - Sporadic vocalizations are found in
both Geniza and non-Geniza Talmudic manuscripts.70 The only extensively vocalized texts of
the Geonic Period are Ms. Sasoon 263 of Halakhot Pesuqof1 and the Paris Ms. (Bibliotheque
Nationale 1402) of Halakhot GedolotV
5.3.1.2 Explicit plene orthography - This is often helpful in determining the
vocalization, especially of the internal [a] vowels.73
5.3.1.3 The Yemenite reading tradition74 - This derives directly from Babylonia of the
Geonic Period and is the only tradition with any claim to authenticity.75 However, it also
should be used with caution, since the Yemenites today are entirely dependent on the printed
text,76 and they have also been influenced by Targumic Aramaic of the Onkelos type.77
5.3.1.4 The vocalization of Syriac78 and the plene orthography of Mandaic - These
may be helpful in deciding the preferred vocalization of a word, especially when the Jewish
Babylonian Aramaic texts offer equivocal evidence.
5.3.1.5 The original form of loanwords borrowed from Akkadian, Persian, Greek,
and Hebrew - All of these languages explicitly indicate vowels in their orthographic
systems, and they are often helpful in establishing a preferred form of a loanword in Jewish
Babylonian Aramaic.
5.3.2 In sum, the normalized Tiberian vocalization given for the headwords in most entries
in this dictionary should thus be regarded as a guideline towards the preferred pronunciation
but not as an absolute determination.
5.4 Structure of the Entries
5.4.1 An individual lexical entry is divided into the following parts:
5.4.1.1 Lemma - This is the most basic form of the lexeme, e.g. a triradical root of a
of the word in the Geonic Period. As is explained here, the vocalizations proposed in this dictionary have a
rational basis, since they are derived from both internal and external evidence, as opposed to the mainly
theoretical considerations employed in previous dictionaries. Since the Geonic Period lasted until the eleventh
cent. CE, well after the end of the Talmudic Period, and Jewish Babylonian Aramaic continued to be spoken
long after the Muslim conquest, it is quite possible that the evidence in our possession does not reflect the
pronunciation of even late Talmudic Babylonia.
70 For the former, see: Morag VTM.
71 The lower five lines of each page are vocalized. See: S. Morag, Lesonenu 32(1968) 67-88.
72 One hundred and twenty pages of this fully vocalized manuscript have survived. See: S. Morag, PWCJS2 (1969)
89-94.
73 When spellings of this type occur, they are noted both in the entry and in the lemma.
74 For a description of this tradition and previous works on the subject, see: Morag 35-62.
75 A full-fledged study of the verb is Morag. A comprehensive study of the noun prepared by S. Morag and Y.
Kara is forthcoming. Both of these studies are based on the vocalized edition of the Vilna edition according to
the Yemenite tradition, prepared by R. Y. 'Amr, and from recordings of informants.
76 On deviation from the printed text in the Yemenite reading tradition, see: Morag, Ketiv and Qere 34-45.
77 On this issue, see: D. Boyarin, JNES 37 (1978) 141-160.
78 See: Brock, LS. The Syriac vocalization tradition is based on the medieval indigenous lexica, e.g. BBah and
BAH.
INTRODUCTION
23
verb, an emphatic form of a noun, etc. Homographs79 of each part of speech are distinguished
by numbers. Since the exact vocalization of most of the nouns is not known from the Jewish
Babylonian Aramaic tradition itself,80 it was not possible to follow any consistent ordering on
the basis of nominal patterns. Indeed, a comparison with the dictionaries of the related
dialects of Syriac and Mandaic has shown that the same groups of homographs are numbered
differently by different lexicographers.
5.4.1.2 Part of Speech - The following parts of speech are distinguished: adjective,
adverb, conjunction, interjection, noun, preposition, pronoun, verbal noun. Homographs
belonging to different parts of speech are numbered separately.
5.4.1.3 Gloss - The English gloss given at the beginning of the entry is intended to give
a general idea of the meaning of the lexeme, while more exact nuances are given in detail in
the semantic section.
5.4.1.4 Comparative and Etymological Data - The purpose of this section is to
indicate the relationship of the lexeme to the cognates in other Aramaic dialects, starting with
the closely related eastern dialects of Syriac and Mandaic, then the other Aramaic dialects,
and finally other Semitic languages. The source of all loanwords is indicated.
5.4.1.5 Semantic section - This section documents the various meanings and usages of
each lexeme. For the more common lexemes, a morphological survey has also been given.
Citation length has been kept to a minimum and additional examples are often quoted by
reference only. Wherever possible, care has been taken to quote examples from a variety of
sources from both the Talmudic as well as the post-Talmudic Periods.
In spite of the efforts of many commentators and lexicographers over the centuries, the
meanings of many lexemes are still either uncertain or unclear. Since repeating the
speculations of one's predecessors, when they are based on mere conjectures or on incorrect
etymological assumptions, does nothing to further the understanding of a particular lexeme,
in such cases the author has simply registered his ignorance of the word's meaning.
5.4.1.6 Lexical section - Unlike other Jewish Aramaic dialects, Jewish Babylonian
Aramaic has been intensively scrutinized since Geonic times by the scholars who studied the
Babylonian Talmud. When doubts arose, these scholars often turned to the Geonic academies
in Babylonia, where Jewish Babylonian Aramaic was still a living language, to inquire into
the meanings of particular words. The replies to these queries, as far as they have survived
and have been published, are an invaluable repository of native lexical information, which in
many cases is our only source of knowledge for a word's meaning. This material has been
quoted at the end of each relevant entry in its original language. Additionally, the traditional
Yemenite pronunciation is given here.
5.4.1.7 Bibliography - Because of the immense literature on the Jewish Babylonian
Aramaic texts, it would be foolhardy to claim that anything close to bibliographic
completeness has been achieved. No attempt has been made to discuss the history of a
derivation or an etymology, but rather the latest discussion known to the author is quoted
79 I.e. words whose consonantal skeletons are identical but which the author considers to be distinct from a
morphological point of view.
80 I.e. from ancient vocalized texts.

24
DICTIONARY OF JEWISH BABYLONIAN ARAMAIC
where he felt it to be necessary, and the reader may follow backward from there the thread
of the discussion back from there. Comments referring essentially to the text and not to the
lexicon have not been included, since they properly belong in a commentary.
5.5 References
5.5.1 The following principles have been employed in providing references to the texts:
5.5.1.1 References to the Babylonian Talmud are given according to the folio, side, and
line of the standard Vilna edition, even though the text quoted from manuscript sources may
often differ significantly from that of the printed edition. The reader may see the entire
context of the default manuscript sources of the Babylonian Talmud from the CD-ROM of
the Academy of the Hebrew Language and that of the other manuscripts from the Lieberman
Institute database. In cases where the text is significantly different or totally lacking in the
Vilna edition, e.g. passages found only in the manuscripts or censored passages, the reference
reflects the place where the citation would have been had it been printed.
5.5.1.2 Each text is cited according to a principal manuscript witness indicated in the
Sources of Jewish Babylonian Aramaic.81 No specific indication is given when the default
manuscript is the source.
5.5.1.3 When a citation is quoted from a non-default source, this is indicated in the
reference in the following manner, e.g.: Ber 5b(25; M), i.e. Berakhot, according to Munich
Ms. 95 (and not Oxford, Ms. Opp. Add. Fol. 23, the default manuscript); Meg 1 lb(23; MGG
345:7), i.e. Megilla, according to the quotation in Midrash Haggadol, Genesis, p. 345, 1.7
(and not New York, Columbia X893-T141).
5.5.1.4 When an additional reading is cited from a non-default source, this is indicated
by placing the siglum of the source in square brackets following the word, e.g.: n,yltfjn Ara
21b(23) [Var: ni'Ojn TGHark 166:2] means that the variant reading to the text cited from
Arakhin is cited from the collection of Geonic responsa in TGHark, p. 166, 1.2.
5.5.1.5 Only published material has been employed for the Geonic sources, and this has
been cited according to the pagination and line numbering of the printed Talmudic text. If a
citation was republished in Otzar Hagaonim, this source is generally quoted since it is most
easily accessible to the reader. However, since the material in Otzar Hagaonim covers only
the tractates Berakhot-Sanhedrin, material from other tractates is cited from the original
publications. When material has been published several times, a later editor may present a
more accurate text, and this has been preferred.82
81 The first manuscript listed for each tractate is the default.
82 E.g., the responsa of R. Natronai Gaon have now been reedited in Brody, TRN, and hence they are cited
according to this edition.
ABBREVIATIONS
AAC
AASOR
AASQ
Abramson, AZ
Abramson, BB
Abramson, RaH
abs.
AC
Aclr
ACSup
AD
Addai
adj.
adv.
AltFor
af.
Agnon Vol
Agur
AHw
Ah
S. Krauss et al., d?V71 ~\Y\y niBOin (Additamenta ad librum Aruch
Completum), Vienna 1937
Annual of the American Schools of Oriental Research
W. Arnold & P. Behnstedt, Arabisch-Aramdische Sprach-
beziehungen im Qalamun (Syrieri), Wiesbaden 1993
S. Abramson (ed.), 1'33 OKyb WWOn JP3 T 3713 ,mi ilTOy TOOa
j?TV (Tractate Abodah Zarah of the Babylonian Talmud), New
York 1957
idem, potrax "v cnsi orm ,vr\m X33 raoa ,'Vs3 Td?n
(Tractate Bava Batra, translated with a commentary), Jerusalem
1958
Idem, TKbrb toujn mi 'WITS) ISO (Commentary of R. Hananel
to the Talmud), Jerusalem 1995
absolute
A. Kohut(ed.), ^XTT ]3 ]T\113'3T JlXB ... d?Vn Tnjr ISO (Nathan
b. Yehiel, Aruch Completum sive lexicon vocabula et res, quae
in libris targumicus, talmudicus et midraschicis2), Vienna 1928
Acta Iranica
A. Kohut, TViyn yn (Supplement to "Aruch Completum"), Vienna
1928
v. Driver, AD
G. Phillips, The Doctrine of Addai, the Apostle, London 1876
adjective
adverb
Altorientalische Forschungen
af'el
B. Kurzweil (ed.), JUiy '"12? ~mob 0'"1»X» ,'tt t?3V (Yuval Shai, A
Jubilee Volume dedicated to S. Y. Agnon on occasion of his
Seventieth Birthday), Ramat Gan 1958
s. Buber(ed.), nx» 7nyn nso by msmn nxpi nmpn V713 tux
V"t ym 3py T'3 Wyam Til (Einleitung und Erganzungen zum
Aruch von Rabbi Samuel ben Jacob G'ama), Breslau 1868
W. von Soden, Akkadisches Handworterbuch, 3 vols., Wiesbaden
1965-1981
Ahiqar [OfA framework story and proverbs; cited according to
TADC 1.1]

26
DICTIONARY OF JEWISH BABYLONIAN ARAMAIC
AhSy
AI
AIOA
AIRJL
AIT
AJSLL
Akk
Albeck
ALBH
Alf
Alon, Jews
AM
AMB
AMD1
Anan
AnanEps
AnanMann
AnanSch
AnanSok
ANES
AOFCI
app.
appos.
Ar
Ara
Syriac version of Ahiqar [cited according to F.C. Conybeare et
al., The Story of Ahiqar, Cambridge 1913]
C. Bartholomae, Altiranisches Worterbuch, Strassburg 1904
[cited by column]
S. Kaufman, The Akkadian Influences on Aramaic, Chicago 1974
najm !3St£?0n y\T\W (Annual of the Institute for Research in
Jewish Law)
J. A. Montgomery, Aramaic Incantation Texts from Nippur,
Philadelphia 1913
American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures
Akkadian
Ch. Albeck, GTO&Tb X13» {Introduction to the Talmud, Babli
and Yerushalmi), Tel Aviv 1969
P.V Mankowski, Akkadian Loanwords in Biblical Hebrew,
Winona Lake 2000
R. Isaac Alfasi
G. Alon, Jews, Judaism and the Classical World, Jerusalem 1977
E.S. Drawer (ed.), Aspar Malwdsia, London 1949
J. Naveh & Sh. Shaked, Amulets and Magic Bowls, Jerusalem
1985
T. Abusch & K. van der Toorn (eds.), Mesopotamamian Magic,
Textual, Historical, and Interpretative Perspectives (Ancient
Magic and Divination, I), Groningen 1999
mp» 'ja1? 0'iwxnn rnxan nsoa u^sni mtm (Anan's Books of
Commandments), in A. Harkavy, Aus der altesten Kardischen
Gesetzbuchern (Studien und Mitteilungen aus der Kaiserlichen
Offentlichen Bibliothek, VIII. 1), St. Petersburg 1903 (Sources
III)
Fragments of Anan published in J.N. Epstein, Tarbiz 7(1936)
289-290 (= ST1 644-651; Sources III)
Fragments of Anan published in J. Mann, Journal of Jewish Lore
and Philosophy, 1(1919) 329-353 (Sources III)
Fragments of Anan published in S. Schechter, Documents of
Jewish Sectaries, 2, Cambridge 1910 (Sources III)
Fragments of Anan published in M.N. Sokolova, Izvestia
akademii Nauk SSSR, 1928, 243-254 (Sources III)
Ancient Near Eastern Studies (formerly 'Abr Nahrain)
I. Eph'al & J. Naveh, Aramaic Ostraca of the Fourth Century
B.C. from Idumaea, Jerusalem 1996
apparently
apposition
Aruch OlTiyn; v. AC)
Arakhin (pny; Sources I)
ABBREVIATIONS
27
Arab
Archive
Armen
ARN
ArOr
As
AS
Asaf
Assaf, Tequfat
astron.
ATS
ATTM
ATTME
Audo
Av
Avishur, Elements
AZ
Azar, Syntax
Arabic
y'm TWISti? Unnn ]"fr'»n '3ny (Archive of the New Dictionary of
Rabbinical Literature), Ramat Gan 1972+ ->
Armenian
S. Schechter (ed.), T,m 'an max naD!3 (Aboth de Rabbi Nathan),
Vienna 1887 [A = X XnOU; B = a xnD13]
Archiv Orientdlni
Ms. from Aras
Alei Sepher (ISO 'ty)
XB1TI «]0X "ISO (The Book of Asaf, the Physician), ed. S.
Muntner, Qorot, 3 (1965)-6(1972) [cited by paragraph number]
S. Assaf, rmriBOl D'JVOn nsipfl (The Geonic Period and its
Literature), Jerusalem 1955
astronomical
E.S. Drawer (ed.), The Thousand and Twelve Questions (Alf
Trisar Suialia) Berlin 1960
K. Beyer, Die aramdischen Texte vom Toten Meer, Gottingen
1984
Idem, Erganzungsband, Gottingen 1994
T. Audo, rdji«\-i» •*'*" Vi k'^vJs-u.do (Treasure of the Syriac
Language), 2 vols., Losser-Holland 1985 [Reprint]
Avestan
Y. Avishur, JTIVrn Jpmyaw mayn (Hebrew Elements in
Judaeo-Arabic), Tel Aviv-Jaffa 2001
'Avoda Zara (.TIT miaj7; Sources I)
M. Azar, nroan ]Wb T3nn (The Syntax of Mishnaic Hebrew),
Jerusalem 1995
b.
BA
Bacher, SH
Bacher, Term
BAli
Barth, Pron
BAs
BASOR
son/daughter of
Biblical Aramaic
W. Bacher (ed.), D'Unwn ISO (Sepher Haschoraschim,
Wurzelworterbuch der hebraischen Sprache von Abulwalid Ibn
G'andh (R. Jona), aus dem Arabischen in's Hebraische ubersetzt
von Jehuda ibn Tibbon, Berlin 1896
W. Bacher, Die exegetische Terminologie der jiidischen
Traditionsliteratur, 2 vols., Leipzig 1899-1905
Isho bar Ali, Syrisch-Arabische Glossen (y-n'), ed. G.
Hoffmann, Kiel 1874; The Syriac-Arabic Glosses (&-s), ed.
R.J.H. Gottheil, Rome 1908-1928
J. Barth, Die Pronominalbildung in den semitischen Sprachen,
Leipzig 1913
Beitrdge zur Assyriologie
Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research

28
DICTIONARY OF JEWISH BABYLONIAN ARAMAIC
BAYTN
BB
BBah
BDB
Beer, BA
Beer, BE
bef.
Beh
Bek
Ben Hayyim Vol
Ber
Berliner Vol
Bes
BH
BIA
BiOr
BJTP
BL
BM
Blau, GMJA
Blau, Pseudo-Corrections
Blau, Studies
Blau Vol
BM
BMs
BMsD
S. Morag & Y. Kara, DXyn W i\lS>T\ Tni0»3 ri'^33 Jl'mx
{Babylonian Aramaic in the Yemenite Tradition: The Noun),
Jerusalem 2002
Bava Batra (Xim X33; Sources I)
Hassan bar Bahlul, .AoAcn-ia Is^ **. .-^ nr. _^ r.. ^ ^m \
{Lexicon Syriacum auctore Hassano bar Bahlule), ed. R. Duval,
3 vols., Paris 1898-1901
F. Brown, S.R. Driver, and C.A. Briggs, A Hebrew and English
Lexicon of the Old Testament, Oxford 1907
M. Beer, rbjnn "na D'pHS ,"733 'NITON {The Babylonian
Amoraim, Aspects of Economic Life), Ramat Gan 1974
Idem, TlfiVmi ."titton '»'3 "?333 T?T\X] I\Win {The Babylonian
Exilarchate), Tel Aviv 1976
before
OfA version of the Behistun (Bisitun) inscription [cited
according to TADC 2.1]
Bekhorot (JTTI133; Sources I)
M. Bar-Asher et al. (eds.), lJPttn O'VTp 3XT1? O'miO \Vlfy nj?n»
rO'tf^ {Hebrew Language Studies Presented to Prof. Z. Ben-
Hayyim), Jerusalem 1983
Berakhot (JTD13; Sources I)
A. Freiman & M. Hildesheimer(eds.), Festschrift zum
siebzigsten Geburtstage A. Berliner's, Frankfurt 1903
Besa (HS'3; Sources I)
Biblical Hebrew
Bar-Ilan, Annual of Bar-Ilan University (nJlPH ISO jp'X'IS
p'xna wo"\Tm bv nmi mvm 'snaV)
Bibiliotheca Orientalis
A. Oppenheimer, Babylonia Judaica in the Talmudic Period,
Wiesbaden 1983
British Library
British Museum
J. Blau, 0T3n '»' Vtf n'Tirrrrnmyn pnpn {A Grammar of
Mediaeval Judaeo-Arabic2), Jerusalem 1980
Idem, On Pseudo-Corrections in Some Semitic Languages,
Jerusalem 1970
Idem, Jiray JVUBrt>33 O'JPy {Studies in Hebrew Linguistics),
Jerusalem 1996
J. Blau Jubilee Volume [= JSAI 15], Jerusalem 1992
Bava Mesi'a (XJTXD X33; Sources I)
v. Ofer, BMs
Babylonian Masora on Deuteronomy, in Ofer, BMs II (Sources
V)
ABBREVIATIONS
29
BMsE
BMsG
BMsJer
BMsL
BMsN
BMsY
BMsYFr
Bo
Boyce
Boyce Vol
BQ
Brand
Brinner Vol
Brock, Catalogue
Brockelmann
Brockelmann, LS
Brockelmann, SG
Brody, Geonim
BS
BSOAS
BT
Bukan
Buxtorf, Lexicon
BY
Babylonian Masora on Exodus, in Ofer, BMs II (Sources V)
Babylonian Masora on Genesis, in Ofer, BMs II (Sources V)
Babylonian Masora on Jeremiah, in I. Yeivin, EI 16(1982) 118+
(Sources V)
Babylonian Masora on Leviticus, in Ofer, BMs II (Sources V)
Babylonian Masora on Numbers, in Ofer, BMs II (Sources V)
Babylonian Masora quoted in Yeivin, BV (Sources V)
Babylonian Masora quoted in Yeivin, Fragment (Sources V)
Incantation bowl (cited by number; Sources IV)
M. Boyce, A Word-list of Manichaean Middle Persian and
Parthian (Acta Iranica, 9a), Leiden 1977
Papers in Honour of Professor Mary Boyce (Hommages et Opera
Minora, 11), Leiden 1985
Bava Qamma (XI3[? X33; Sources I)
Y. Brand, TKbm rVPBDa Dinn '!?3 {Ceramics in Talmudic
Literature), Jerusalem 1953
B. Harry et al. (eds.), Judaism and Islam: Boundaries,
Communication and Interaction, Essays in Honor of W.M.
Brinner, Leiden 2000
S.P. Brock, Catalogue of Syriac Fragments (New Finds) in the
Library of the Monastery of Saint Catherine, Mount Sinai,
Athens 1995
C. Brockelmann
v. LS
Idem, Syrische Grammatik9, Leipzig 1962
R. Brody, The Geonim of Babylonia and the Shaping of Medieval
Jewish Culture, New Haven and London 1998
Ben Sira
Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies
Babylonian Talmud
OA inscription from Bukan (Iran) [cited ace. to edition in M.
Sokoloff, IEJ 49 {1999) 107+]
J. Buxtorf, Lexicon Chaldaicum, Talmudicum et Rabbinicum,
Basel 1640; J. Buxtorfii P., Lexicon chaldaicum, Talmudicaum et
Rabbinicum, ed. B. Fischer, 2 vols., Leipzig 1875
E. Ben Yehuda, HBnnm 7\W7\ fl'iayn \wir\ ybft {A Complete
Dictionary of Modern Hebrew), 16 vols., Tel Aviv 1948
CAD
CAIB
CAMIB
The Chicago Assyrian Dictionary, Chicago 1956 ->
CD. Isbell, Corpus of the Aramaic Incantation Bowls, Missoula
1975
J.B. Segal, Catalogue of the Aramaic and Mandate Incantation
Bowls in the British Museum, London 2000

30
DICTIONARY OF JEWISH BABYLONIAN ARAMAIC
Cardahi
CarmNis
Castellus, Lexicon
CBS
CIS
Cohen, Hapax
coll.
ConAr
conj.
corr.
CP
CPA
CPD
cs.
CTY
G. Cardahi, Al-Lobab, seu Dictionarium Syro-Arabicum, Beirut
1887-91
E. Beck(ed.), Des heiligen Ephraem des Syrers Carmina
Nisibena, I, Louvain 1961
E. Castellus, Lexicon Syriacum, ed. J.D. Michaelis, Gottingen
1788
Catalogue of the Babylonian Section of the University of
Pennsylvania Museum [number of inscribed bowl]
Corpus Inscriptionum Semiticarum
H.R. Cohen, Biblical Hapax Legomena in the light of Akkadian
and Ugaritic, Ann Arbor 1978
collective
Concise Aruch (mpn ~\My) [cited from AC]
conjugation
corrected
E.S. Drawer (ed.), The Canonical Prayerbook of the Mandaeans,
Leiden 1959
Christian Palestinian Aramaic
D.N. MacKenzie, A Concise Pahlavi Dictionary, Oxford 1971
construct
M. Kosovsky, 'O^IT TiaVn pwb "IX1X (Concordance to the
Talmud Yerushalmi), Jerusalem 1979 —>
D Double [= pa "el]
DAB R. Campbell Thompson, A Dictionary of Assyrian Botany,
London 1949
Dalman, Handworterbuch G. Dalman, Aramaisch-Neuhebrdisches Handworterbuch zu
Targum, Talmud und Midrasch, Frankfurt/Main 1922
N. Danzig, mplCS JTD^l ofawi DJ? mplOS TTD^l ISO1? X13B
{Introduction to Halakhot Pesuqot with a Supplement to
Halakhot Pesuqot), New York & Jerusalem 1993
B. Landsberger, The Date Palm and its By-Products according to
the Cuneiform Sources, Graz 1967
V. Aptowitzer, Formularies of Decrees and Documents from a
Gaonic Court, JQR, 4(1913/4) 23-49
denominative
determinate
H.Z. Dimitrovsky, '"723 'Tiff (S'ridei Bavli), 2 vols., New York
1979
D. Boyarin et al.(eds.), JTTtt&m 7111303 0'ipra ,0"^ moy
'p0311B'»H t"n '3113 TOri? rwa-im (Atara L'Haim, Studies in the
Talmud and Medieval Rabbinic Literature in honor of Prof. H. Z.
Dimitrowsky), Jerusalem 2000
Danzig, IHP
Date Palm
Dec
denom.
det.
Dimitrovsky, SB
Dim Vol
ABBREVIATIONS
31
Disease
dissim.
DJD
DJPA
DLM
DN
DNWSI
Dozy
Dozy, Vetements
Driver, AD
Driver-Miles
DS
DSA
DSD
DSH
DSSFYD
du.
I.F. Finkel & M.J. Geller(eds.), The Concept of Disease in
Ancient Babylonia [forthcoming]
dissimilation
Discoveries in the Judaean Desert, Oxford 1955 ->
M. Sokoloff, A Dictionary of Jewish Palestinian Aramaic of the
Byzantine Period, Ramat Gan 1990
M.Z. Segal, fUttOn ]1ttrt> pnp (A Grammar of Mishnaic
Hebrew), Tel Aviv 1936
divine name
J. Hoftijzer & K. Jongeling, Dictionary of the North-West Semitic
Inscriptions, 2 vols., Leiden 1995
R.P.A. Dozy, Supplement aux dictionnaires arabes2, Leiden-
Paris 1927
Idem, Dictionaire detaille des noms des vetements chez les
Arabes, Amsterdam 1845
G.R. Driver, Aramaic Documents of the Fifth Century B.C.2,
Oxford 1957
G.R. Driver & J.C. Miles, The Babylonian Laws, 2 vols., Oxford
1952
N.N. Rabbinowicz, 0*1310 'pllpl (Variae Lectiones in Mischnam
et in Talmud Babylonicum), 16 vols., Munich 1865-1897
A. Tal, A Dictionary of Samaritan Aramaic, 2 vols., Leiden 2000
Dead Sea Discoveries
Dead Sea Hebrew
L.H. Schiffman et al. (eds.), The Dead Sea Scrolls Fifty Years
after their Discovery, Jerusalem 2000
dual
Ebeling, Glossar
Ed
ed. pr.
EgA
Egron
EI
EIr
EIsi
EIs2
E. Ebeling, Das aramdische Glossar Frahang-i-Pahlavik im
Lichte der assyriologischen Forschung, Leipzig 1941
printed edition of the Babylonian Talmud
editio princeps
Egyptian Aramaic
N. Allony(ed), 'JXISJ^X 1jW?X ^TCX SXT13 ,jrUNi1 (Ha'Egron,
Kitab 'usul al-shi'r al-'ibrani ofRav Se'adya Gaori), Jerusalem
1969
Eretz Israel (Vx"W fix), Archaeological, Historical and
Geographical Studies
E. Yarshater (ed.), Encyclopaedia Iranica, London, Boston &
Henly, 1985 ->
E.J. Brill's First Encyclopedia of Islam, 1913-1936, Leiden
1987 (Reprint)
Encyclopaedia of Islam2, Leiden 1960 —>

32
DICTIONARY OF JEWISH BABYLONIAN ARAMAIC
EJ
Ellis
emph.
EN
Ephrati, Sevoraic Period
Eps
Eps, Gr
Eps, MNM
Eps, PLA
Eps, PLT
Eps, St
Eshel, JSB
etym.
ex.
ExR
EY
Fales, AECT
Feghali
Fekh
Feldman, Mathematics
Feliks, Agriculture
Finkelstein Vol
Encyclopaedia Judaica, 16 vols., Jerusalem 1972
Incantation bowls published by T. Ellis in A.S. Layard,
Discoveries in the Ruins of Nineveh and Babylon, London 1853
[by number]
emphatic
Commentary of Elias of Nineveh in P. de Lagarde, Praeter-
missorum libri duo, Gottingen 1879
J.E. Ephrati, 7X1P' f"lX31 7333 mTTISDl D'XTOOn TlSlpTI (The
Sevoraic [sic!] Period and its Literature in Babylonia and in
Eretz Israel), Petach Tikva 1973
J.N. Epstein
Idem, n'733 Tl'BIX pVlpl (A Grammar of Babylonian Aramaic),
Jerusalem-Tel-Aviv 1960
Idem, rUtfttn n0U7 N13» (Prolegomenon to the Text of the
Mishna), Jerusalem 1948
Idem, D'NTWXn 111130? mX13» (Prolegomena ad litteras
amoraicas), Jerusalem-Tel Aviv 1962
Idem, O'Xmi JTI1S07 mX13a (Prolegomena ad litteras
tannaiticas), Jerusalem-Tel Aviv 1957
Idem, JTPBtf ni3W731 Tl»7Jin 1111303 D'lpTO (Studies in Talmudic
Literature and Semitic Languages), 2 vols., Jerusalem
1983-1988
B.Z. Eshel, Tl»?nn DBIpm 7333 O'n.T.1 W (Jewish
Settlements in Babylonia during Talmudic Times), Jerusalem
1979
etymology
example
Exodus Rabba
•Ein Ya'aqov (apjr ]V)
EM. Fales, Aramaic Epigraphs on Clay Tablets from the Neo-
Assyrian Period, Rome 1986
M. Feghali, Etudes sur les emprunts syriaques dans les parlers
arabes du Liban, Paris 1918
Akkadian-Aramaic bilingual inscription from Tell Fekherye [v.
AKY 217+]
W.M. Feldman, Rabbinic Mathematics and Astronomy, London
1931
Y. Feliks, Ti»7Jini rurcan reipra 7Xiw"px3 mfrpm
(Agriculture in Palestine in the Period of the Mishna and the
Talmud), Jerusalem-Tel Aviv 1963
Essays on the Ancient Near East, Studies in Memory of J.J.
Finkelstein (Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, Memoir
ABBREVIATIONS
33
Finkel Vol
FiP
Fischerei
Fitzmyer, GAp
Fl
FLT
Fr
Fr, AF
Friedman, BM VI
Friedman, BM VI Text
Friedman, JMP
19), Hamden 1977
S.B. Hoenig & L.D. Stitzkin (ed.), J. Finkel Festschrift, New
York 1974
H. Nyberg & B. Utas, Frahang-i-PahlavTk, Wiesbaden 1988
A. Salonen, Die Fischerei im alten Mesopotamien nach
sumerisch-akkadischen Quellen, Helsinki 1970
J. A. Fitzmyer, The Genesis Apocryphon of Qumran Cave P-,
Rome 1971
H.L. Fleischer
M. Goshen-Gottstein & R. Kasher, Xlpan '»inn& O'JTpW
D"aixn (Fragments of Lost Targumim), 2 vols., Ramat Gan
1979-1983
S. Fraenkel
Idem, Die aramdischen Fremdworter im Arabischen, Leiden
1886
S. Friedman, NJPXa K33 '733 ,1'MlNn m 13Wn p13 ,yny Tl»7r)
W p13 (Talmud Arukh, BT Bava Mezi'a VI, Commentary),
Jerusalem 1990
idem, pns Njrx» xaa '733 ,]'a»ixn m lovon pis ,-\ny yxbn
VBV (Talmud Arukh, BT Bava Mezi'a VI, Text), Jerusalem 1996
M.A. Friedman, Jewish Marriage in Palestine, 2 vols., Tel Aviv
1981
G
GAG
GAp
GC
Geig
Geller, Medicine
Geller, Vademecum
GELNT
gen.
gent.
Ground [= pe 'al\ stem
W. von Soden, Grundriss der akkadischen Grammatik, Rome
1952
Genesis Apocryphon (v. Fitzmyer, GAp)
J.N. Epstein (ed.), niTO 1107 D'J1*un WITS (The Gaonic
Commentary on the Order Toharot attributed to Rav Hai Gaon2),
Jerusalem-Tel Aviv 1982 (Sources II)
B. Geiger
M. Geller, 'Akkadian Medicine in the Babylonian Talmud,' A
Traditional Quest, Essays in Honour of L, Jacobs, ed. D. Cohn-
Sherbok, Sheffield 1991
Idem, An Akkadian Vademecum in the Babylonian Talmud, in
S. Kottek et al. (eds.), From Athens to Jerusalem, Medicine in
Hellenized Jewish Lore and in Early Christian Literature,
Rotterdam 2000 13-32
W.F. Arndt & E.W. Gingrich, A Greek-English Lexicon of the
New Testament and other Early Christian Literature, Chicago
1957
genetive
gentilic

34
DICTIONARY OF JEWISH BABYLONIAN ARAMAIC
Geon
GeonH
Geop
Gift
Gignoux
Gignoux, IMS
Gignoux Vol
Ginza
Git
GLLT
GM
GN
GNBB
GnK
Goldenberg, Studies
Goldschmidt, BT
Goldschmidt, Nez
Goldziher Vol
Goltz, SAGH
Goltz, SGMPCM
Gordon Vol
Gr
Greenfield
Greenfield, AKY
L. Ginzberg (ed.), Geonica, II, New York 1909 (Sources II)
Hebrew of the Geonic writings
P. Lagarde, Geoponicon in sermonem syriacum versorum,
Leipzig 1860
Y. Yadin, J.C. Greenfield, and A. Yardeni, A Deed of Gift in
Aramaic found in Nahal Hever: Papyrus Yadin 7, EI 25(1996)
383+ [Hebrew]
P. Gignoux, Glossaire des inscriptions pehlevies et parthes,
London 1972
Idem, Incantations magiques syriaques, Louvain-Paris 1987
R. Gyselen (ed.), Au carrefour des religions, melanges offerts a
Philippe Gignoux (Res Orientales, 7), Bures-sur-Yvette 1995
H. Petermann, Thesaurus sive Liber magnus vulgo "Liber
AdamV appelatus opus Mandaeorum summi ponderis, 2 vols.,
Leipzig 1867
Gittin fl'BJ; Sources I)
D. Sperber, Greek and Latin Legal Terms in Rabbinic Literature,
Ramat Gan 1984
E.N. Adler(ed.), .TTY1' "h l"2$h H1W ISO mabn ,D'-|X» 'TJA
'jVrro'TX X'Pn {An Eleventh Century Introduction to the
Hebrew Bible), Oxford 1897
geographical name
E. Ebeling, Glossar zu den neubabylonischen Briefen, Munich
1953
B.M. Lewin(ed.), DTJ? 'm (Ginze Kedem), 6 vols., Haifa &
Jerusalem 1922-1944 (Sources II)
G. Goldenberg, Studies in Semitic Linguistics, Jerusalem 1998
L. Goldschmidt, Der babylonische Talmud2-, 12 vols., Berlin
1929-1936
Idem(ed.), Cod. Hebr. XIX Bibl. Hamb., Der Traktat Neziqin,
Berlin 1913
I. Goldziher Memorial Volume, II, Jerusalem 1958
D. Goltz, Studien zur altorientalischen und griechischen
Heilkunde, Wiesbaden 1974
Idem, Studien zur Geschichte der Mineralnamen in Pharmazie,
Chemie und Medizin von den Anfdngen bis Paracelsus,
Wiesbaden 1972
G. Rendsberg et al. (eds.), The Bible World. Essays in honor of
C.H. Gordon, New York 1980
Greek
J.C. Greenfield
S. M. Paul et al. (eds.), Al Kanfei Yonah, Collected Studies of
Jonas C. Greenfield on Semitic Philology, 2 vols., Jerusalem
ABBREVIATIONS
35
GRH
Groner, Hai Gaon
Gross, Patterns
Gs
G§
GTB
GTO
Gulak, LDT
Gulak, OS
GVG
Gy
GY
2001
D. Golinkin, TUVn Wl 'm {Ginzei Rosh Hashanah, Manuscript
Fragments of Bavli Rosh Hashanah from the Cairo Genizah),
New York & Jerusalem 2000
T. Groner, The Legal Methodology of Hai Gaon, Chico 1985
B.Z. Gross, D'Zan pffboi xnp»3 f7W\ ptys Q'^pTOn (The
Nominal Patterns ]i?y9 and pys in Biblical and Mishnaic
Hebrew), Jerusalem 1993
Ginza smald (x'rXBO XU'1) (v. Ginza)
L. Ginsberg (ed.), 3 ISO ,1J?B3y27 'UJ (Geniza Studies in Memory
ofS. Schechter, II), New York 1929
A.I. Katsch(ed), '^aa Tttfcn 'm {Ginze Talmud Babli), 2 vols.,
Jerusalem 1976-1979
A. Dodi, nraan p vana 'S-ty o'frpJiN main pnpi (The
Grammar of Targum Onqelos according to Geniza Fragments),
Ph.D. thesis, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 1981
A. Gulak, t\H^ OnX»» D'^YIVl D'OITBSH nix"7 TR&Tn JlTUWil
'»mi 'Jl'H »Sl»an (Legal Documents in the Talmud in light of
Greek Papyri and Greek and Roman Law, edited and
supplemented by R. Katzoff), Jerusalem 1994
A. Gulak, ^X-ltt'a O'JTCUn nritMn nsix (A Thesaurus of Jewish
Deeds), Jerusalem 1926 (Sources II)
C. Brockelmann, Grundriss der vergleichenden Grammatik der
semitischen Sprachen, 2 vols., Berlin 1908-1913
Ginza yamind (xr!3X' XU'l) (v. Ginza)
S.A. Wertheimer(ed.), uhwc 'm (The Geniza Fragments
"Ginzei Jerusalem"), Jerusalem 1981
H
HAL
HALOT
HAp
Harari, HM
Hark
Harviainen
Hava
HDJNA
HG
Hebrew
L. Koehler & W. Baumgartner, Hebraisches und aramdisches
Lexikon zum alten Testament, 2 vols., Leiden 1995
Idem, The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament,
V: Aramaic, Leiden 2000
W. Brandenstein, Handbuch des Altpersischen, Wiesbaden 1964
Y. Harari, npTOI HEnrl mTOB ,TOOT Xain (The Sword of Moses,
A New Edition and Study), Jerusalem 1997 (Sources IV)
A. A. Harkavy
T. Harviainen, An Aramaic Incantation Bowl from Borsippa,
StOr, 51:14(1980-1)
J.G. Hava, Al-Faraid, Arabic-English Dictionary, Beirut 1970
Y. Sabar, An Historical Dictionary of Jewish Neo-Aramaic,
Wiesbaden 2002
E. Hildesheimer(ed.), mVm JVDbn ISO (Sefer Halakhot

36
DICTIONARY OF JEWISH BABYLONIAN ARAMAIC
HGP
HGV
Hilprecht Vol
Hinz, IMG
HK
HL
Hoberman, Syntax
Hoffmann, Ausziige
Hoffmann Vol
HP
HPP
HPQ
HTR
Hubsch, AG
HUCA
Hurvitz, TPBH
Gedolot), 3 vols., Jerusalem 1971-1987 (Sources II)
1402 tns V 3713 ,nf?ira ncbn ISO (Sefer Halachot Gedolot,
Codex Paris 1402), Jerusalem 1971 [facsimile edition]
T-'aroi d'oist -\wi n"w .txti jnnna 's "?y nbra nabn nso
(Sefer Halakhot Gedolot, ace. to Ed. Venice 1528, other printed
editions, and Manuscripts), Jerusalem 1992 (Sources II)
Hilprecht Anniversary Volume, Leipzig etc. 1909
W. Hinz, Islamische Masse und Gewichte umgerechnet ins
metrische System, Leiden 1970
M. Margulies, pXJ 'NTH' 3T> oni'» TTDlxp TCtfm nSO (Halachoth
Kezuboth, attributed to R. Yehudai Gaon), Jerusalem 1942
Hebrew Linguistics (may IVUE^a), A Journal for Hebrew,
Computational and Applied Linguistics
R.D. Hoberman, The Syntax and Semantics of Verb Morphology
in Modern Aramaic, New Haven 1989
G. Hoffmann, Ausziige aus syrischen Akten persischer Martyrer,
Leipzig 1880
S. Eppenstein et al. (eds.), Festschrift zum siebzigsten
Geburtstage D. Hoffmanns, Berlin 1924
S. Sasoon(ed.), V'XT pNJ 'Klin' m1? mplDS TVD^n ISO (R.
Yehudai Gaon, Sefer Halachot Pesuqot [Codex Sasoon 263]),
Jerusalem 1948 (Sources II)
Reading of photograph of facsimile edition of HP, Maqor
Publishers, Jerusalem 1971 (Hebrew; cited by page and line)
Geniza Fragments of HP published in Qafih Vol 200+
Harvard Theological Review
H. Hiibschmann, Armenische Grammatik, I, Leipzig 1895-7
Hebrew Union College Annual
A. Hurvitz, \wV? ptf1? ]'3 (The Transition Period in Biblical
Hebrew), Jerusalem 1972
Han
Hat
HM
Hul
Ibn Janah
Ibn JanahHeb
v. Abramson, RaH
Hatra
M. Gaster(ed.), TOBT N3"in (Sword of Moses), in: Studies and
Texts in Folklore ... and Samaritan Archaeology, III, New York
1971 (reprint) 69-104 (Sources IV)
Hullin (I'^IH; Sources I)
A. Neubauer(ed.), The Book of Hebrew Roots, by Abu 'l-Walid
Marwdn ibn Janah, Oxford 1875
w. Bacher(ed.) ran pvrpnn rmnaa '3»n p"?nn xin uwron iso
mi'3, ]3 niV '1 3Ty pttto (Sepher Haschoraschim, Wurzel-
worterbuch der hebraischen Sprache von Abulwalid Merwdn Ibn
ABBREVIATIONS
37
IEJ
IHP
IJ
IKI
IM
imp.
imper.
inf.
interj.
intr.
Inyanot
IrAn
IrArab
ISK
ISG
itpa.
itpal.
itpe.
itpol.
ittaf.
Iyyunim
G'andh), Berlin 1896
Israel Exploration Journal
Geniza fragments in Danzig, IHP, 551-622 (Sources II)
S. Shaked(ed.), JlTO'iTI OnD yrb ,np'NTI'"UNTN (Irano-Judaica,
Studies Relating to Jewish Contacts with Persian Culture
throughout the Ages), Jerusalem 1982 ->
M. Gil, O'lBOTl nS1pfl3 WyW ma'raa (In the Kingdom of
Ishmaet), 4 vols., Tel Aviv 1997 [texts cited by number]
Museum number of Iraq Museum / Israel Museum
imperfect
imperative
infinitive
interjection
intransitive
S. Abramson, D'JttOH nnSM TTO"3y (Essays on Geonic
Literature), Jerusalem 1974
Iranica Antiqua
Iraqi Arabic
G. Widengren, Iranisch-semitische Kulturbegegnung in par-
thischer Zeit, Koln & Upladen 1960
B.M. Lewin(ed.), pNJ NTTO 3T TTUN (The Epistle of Rav Sarrira
Gaon), Haifa 1921 [iSGF = 'French' recension; I$G$ =
'Spanish' recension; I$GSup = Supplements] (Sources II)
itpa "al
itpalpal
itpe 'el
itpolel
ittaf'al
M. Bar Asher(ed.), O'aan pP^a O'JI'y (Studies in Rabbinic
Hebrew), Jerusalem 1996
J
JANES
JAOS
JAs
Jawal
JBA
JBL
M. Jastrow, A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and
Yerushalmi and the Midrashic Literature, New York 1903
Journal of the Ancient Near Eastern Society of Columbia
University
Journal of the American Oriental Society
Journal asiatique
E. Sachau(ed.), <^l ^JjP> Jc ^^i\ £&\ o* <->j"H v>^
(Gawdliki's AlMu'arrab, nach der Leidener Handschrift),
Leipzig 1867
Jewish Babylonian Aramaic
Journal of Biblical Literature

38
DICTIONARY OF JEWISH BABYLONIAN ARAMAIC
JDS
JDS2
JDS3
Jeruzalmi
JESHO
JJLG
JMIB
JNA
JNES
JP
JPA
JPMA
JQR
JSAI
JSQ
JSS
JSSig
JTS
JudA
JudP
Juusola, Peculiarities
K
Kar
KaR
Kara
Katz
Kearns Vol
Judean Desert Studies
N. Lewis, Y. Yadin, & J.C. Greenfield, The Documents from the
Bar Kokhba Period in the Cave of Letters, II (Greek Papyri),
Jerusalem 1989 [cited by number]
Y. Yadin, J.C. Greenfield A. Yardeni, & B.A. Levine, ibid. Ill
(Hebrew, Aramaic, and Nabatean-Aramaic Papyri), Jerusalem
2002 [cited by number]
I. Jeruzalmi, Les coupes magiques arameennes de Mesopotamie,
Ph.D. thesis, Universite de Paris 1963
Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient
Jahrbuch der jiidisch-literarischen Gesellschaft
W.S. McCullough, Jewish and Mandaean Incantation Bowls in
the Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto 1967
Jewish Neo-Aramaic
Journal of Near Eastern Studies
Judeo-Persian
Jewish Palestinian Aramaic of the Byzantine Period
M.A. Friedman, ^KTO'3 BPV1 'U'T (Jewish Polygyny in the
Middle Ages), Tel Aviv 1986
Jewish Quarterly Review
Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam
Jewish Studies Quarterly
Journal of Semitic Studies
S. Shaked, Jewish Sasanian Sigillography, Gignoux Vol 239-256
[cited by number]
Journal of Theological Studies
Judean Aramaic
Judeo Persian
H. Juusola, Linguistic Peculiarities in the Aramaic Magic Bowl
Texts, Helsinki 1999
C.J. & B. Kasowski, nd?TS\ ]Wb "1X1X (Thesaurus Talmudis
Concordantiae Verborum), 42 vols., Jerusalem 1954-1982
Karetot (mmS; Sources I)
M. Higger (ed.), ">TQT\ H^O 1130)3 (Tractate Kalla Rabbati) in idem,
n"?3 JTITDOfi, New York 1936 (Sources II)
Y. Kara, Wffifa D'"1pn» ,^»33n TIB^m *TO 0»i»»m T"»3JD
fl'DINn (Babylonian Aramaic in the Yemenite Manuscripts of the
Talmud), Jerusalem 1983
I.L. Katzenelsohn, HNISnn XlMITI TiaVm (Talmud und Medizin),
Berlin 1928
Y.L. Arbeitman & A.R. Bomhard (eds.), Bono Homini Donum:
Essays in Historical Linguistics in Memory of J. Alexander
ABBREVIATIONS
39
Ket
Klengel
Koh
Korperteile
Krauss, Qadmoniot
Krauss, SA1
Krauss, TAr
KS
Kut
Kut, Studies
Kut, Words
Lambert, BWL
Land, Anecdota Syriaca 4
Lane
LangSt
LaSor Vol
Lat
LebArab
Lehnw
Leslau Vol
Levine, Bowls
Levy, TMW
Levy, TW
Lewy, Intr
Lex
Lidz, JB
Lidz, ML
Kearns, Amsterdam 1981
Ketubbot (1113103; Sources I)
J. Klengel, Das Hausgerdt in der Misnah, Breslau 1898
A. Kohut
H. Holma, Die Namen der Korperteile im Assyrisch-
Babylonischen, Helsinki 1911
S. Krauss, TiaVm JlVJIBlp (Talmudic Archeology), 2 vols.,
Berlin, Vienna & Tel Aviv 1924-1945
Idem, Synagogale Altertiimer, Berlin & Vienna 1922
Idem, Talmudische Archdologie, 3 vols., Leipzig 1910-1912
Kiryat Sefer flSO nnp)
E.Y. Kutscher
Idem, rraiXSI rm3J73 nnpna (Hebrew and Aramaic Studies),
Jerusalem 1977
Idem, liTrvnVUTI O'^n (Words and their History), Jerusalem 1961
W.G. Lambert, Babylonian Wisdom Literature, Oxford 1960
J.P.N. Land, Anecdota Syriaca, IV, Leiden 1875
E.A. Lane, Arabic-English Lexicon, London 1863-1893
Language Studies QVD1? '"IpTO), ed. M. Bar-Asher, vols.
1-7(1985-1995)
A. Tuttle(ed.), Biblical and Near Eastern Studies. Essays in
honor of W.S. Lasor, Grand Rapids 1978
Latin
Lebanese Arabic, dialect of Kfar Abida (v. Feghali)
S. Krauss, Griechische und lateinische Lehnworter im Talmud,
Midrasch und Targum, II, Berlin 1899
A. Kaye (ed.), Semitic Studies in Honor of W. Leslau, Wiesbaden
1991
B. Levine, The Language of the Magical Bowls, in: J. Neusner,
A History of the Jews of Babylonia, V, Leiden 1970, 343-375
J. Levy, Worterbuch iiber die Talmudim und Midraschim*, 4
vols., Berlin and Vienna 1924
Idem, Chalddisches Worterbuch iiber die Targumim und einer
grossen Theil des rabbinischen Schriftthums, 2 vols., Leipzig
1867
I. Lewy, ix D'pns x»p X33 sthwrv iyobrh wnsi xisa
(Introduction and Commentary to PT, BQ 1-6), Jerusalem 1960
[Reprint; German and Hebrew]
lexical item
M. Lidzbarski, Das Johannesbuch der Mandder (XTTH Ntt?N"n),
2 vols., Giessen 1905-15
Idem, Mandaische Liturgien, Berlin 1920

40
DICTIONARY OF JEWISH BABYLONIAN ARAMAIC
Lieb
Lieb, Shkiin
Lieb, SLOB
Lieberman Vol
Lit
lit.
Liver Vol
LJLA
LMA
LNVTH
Low
Low, Fauna
Low, Flora
Low, Pfl
LPT
LS
L-S
L-SSup
Lucena
lw.
S. Lieberman
Idem, J'V'jW (Shkiin, A Few Words on some Jewish Legends,
Customs and Literary Sources found in Karaite and Christian
Works), Jerusalem 1939
S.J. Lieberman, Sumerian Loanwords in Old Babylonian, I,
Cambridge 1977
Vixtp1? roff anvm mbn brb ]vy dv ,nia^»m rrnsoa onpna
piS'1? (Researches in Talmudic Literature, A Study Cbnference
in Honour of the Eightieth Birthday of Shaul Lieberman),
Jerusalem 1983
literature
literal(ly)
B. Uffenheimer(ed), biOtr TVnVlTVI mpan (Bible and Jewish
History, Studies in Bible and Jewish History Dedicated to the
Memory of J. Liver), Tel Aviv 1971
Late Jewish Literary Aramaic
Late Mesopotamian Aramaic [dialect of Uruklnc]
M. Moreshet, tnom \VSh2 EnWW "?yiSn W0p<7 (A Lexicon of
the New Verbs in Tannaitic Hebrew), Ramat Gan 1980
I. Low
Idem, Fauna und Mineralien der Juden, Hildesheim 1969
Idem, Die Flora der Juden, 4 vols., Vienna and Leipzig
1924-1934
Idem, Aramaische Pflanzennamen, Leipzig 1881
S. Abramson(ed.), ]l&tt 'JSin ]3 bxXBV "b "ffcbm N13a' ]Q By®
(Rabbi Shmuel b. Chofni, Liber Prooemium Talmudis), Jerusalem
1990 (Sources II)
C. Brockelmann, Lexicon Syriacum2, Halle 1928
H.G. Liddell & R. Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon ... with a
Revised Supplement, Oxford 1996
Supplement to L-S
J. Riviin, m&jrnnxn nxan p nJxo'Vx nb^p new (Bills and
Contracts from Lucena [1020-1025 C.E.]), Ramat Gan 1994
(Sources II)
loanword
M
m.
Ma
Maclean
Mahzor Sukkot
Mishna
masculine
Mandaic
A.J. Maclean, Dictionary of the Dialects of Vernacular Syriac,
Oxford 1901
D. Goldschmidt & Y. Frankel (eds.), mxy Taff JTOIO "lima
min mam, Jerusalem 1981
ABBREVIATIONS
41
Mainzer, Jagd
Mak
Mai
Mai, TanEng
Mann
marg
MD
MEA
Meg
Mei
Melammed, BQ
Melammed, Intr
Melammed Vol
Men
Merkazim
Merx
Met
metath.
MGD
MGE
MGG
MGL
MGN
MGWJ
M. Mainzer, Uber Jagd, Fischfang und Bienenzucht bei der
Juden in der tannaischen Zeit, Frankfurt/Main 1910
Makkot (JVDa; Sources I)
H. Malter, '"733 Ttobn p Tl>tyT) 31300 (The Treatise Ta'anit of the
Babylonian Talmud), New York 1930
Idem, The Treatise Ta'anit of the Babylonian Talmud,
Philadelphia 1928 [w. English translation]
The Collected Articles of J. Mann, 3 vols., Gedera 1971
margin
E.S. Drawer & R. Macuch, A Mandaic Dictionary, Oxford 1963
Middle Eastern Aramaic
Megilla (rfr'ja; Sources I)
Me'ila (rf?'yB; Sources I)
E.Z. Melammed, X"? BHSl Drill ,XBp X33 TO0B ,'"733 TlB^n
IB^B (Tractate Bava Qamma, translated with a commentary),
Jerusalem 1958
Idem, TXbm imscb X13B 'pnS (An Introduction to Talmudic
Literature), Jerusalem 1973
Y.D. Gilat et al. (eds.), ^W JTVf7W31 mpB3 V'TII T1TISD3 D'lTJ?
(Studies in Rabbinic Literature, Bible and Jewish History),
Ramat Gan 1982
Menahot (JlVlM; Sources I)
S. Abramson, U>mx\ JlSipJia JTlXlSrai D'TDIBS (Center and
Periphery in the Geonic Period), Jerusalem 1965
A. Merx, Documents de paleographie hebraique et arabe, Leiden
1894
B.M. Lewin(ed.), pp'TJI D'BN ,ljn» m*? pp Tia^n ,ma>na
(Metiboth to Mo'ed, Nashim and Neziqiri), Jerusalem 1933
metathesis
s. Fish(ed.), o'-m ISO ,.ty»i 'wain nwan by bnxr\ vnrm
(Midrash Haggadol on the Pentateuch, Deuteronomy), Jerusalem
1972
M. Marguiies(ed), maw nso „vnn 'wain nwan Vy>nn «ma
(Midrash Haggadol on the Pentateuch, Exodus), Jerusalem 1956
M. Margulies (ed.), maw nso ,min 'win rwan by brtxi ema
(Midrash Haggadol on the Pentateuch, Genesis), Jerusalem 1957
A. steinsaltz(ed-), xnp'i nso ,rnin 'Win nwan by "?nan «ma
(Midrash Haggadol on the Pentateuch, Leviticus), Jerusalem
1972
z.m. Rabbinowitz(ed.), iso ,.mn 'ir/ain rrc/an by Vmn uma
131B3 (Midrash Haggadol on the Pentateuch, Numbers),
Jerusalem 1972
Monatsschrift fur die Geschichte und Wissenschaft des

42
DICTIONARY OF JEWISH BABYLONIAN ARAMAIC
MH
MH2
MH2b
MHDA
Mir
MIT
Mitteliranisch
MM
mng.
MO
ModArab
ModMa
ModSy
Mo(rag)
Morag, Ketiv and Qere
Morag Vol
Moreshet Vol
Morgan, Textes
Mouss
MP
MQ
MR.SJ
ms.
MSF
MSL
Judentums
Mishnaic Hebrew
Mishnaic Hebrew of the Amoraic Period
Mishnaic Hebrew of Babylonia of the Amoraic Period
T.D. Anklesaria (ed.), The Social Code of the Parsis in Sasanian
Times or Madigan i Hazar Dadistan, Part 2, Bombay 1912
Middle Iranian
E. Yamauchi, Mandaic Incantation Texts, New Haven 1967
W.B. Henning, Mitteliranisch, in Handbuch der Orientalistik,
Leiden 1958, 1.4,1, Iranistik 20-130
H.G. Enelow(ed), "TIXBn mm (R. I. Ibn Al-Nakawa, Menorat
Ha-Maor), 4 vols., New York 1929-1932
meaning
Le Monde Oriental
Modern Arabic
Modern Mandaic
Modern Syriac
Sh. Morag, min ,xi3a ,'baan Tiabnn ]wb :]»'n mioaa rranx
^yiSiTiniSm rwnn (Babylonian Aramaic: The Yemenite
Tradition, Historical Aspects and Transmission, Phonology, the
Verbal System), Jerusalem 1988
Idem, Tiny to J.TTTITIOIM *npBTJ "lrixto T1TISD3 nj?l 3>T)3 (Ketiv
and Qere in the Post-Biblical Traditions of Jewish Communities),
in JB'Tl '*03(ed. Y. Ratzabi), Tel Aviv 1967, 26-45
M. Bar-Asher(ed.), o'twia D'Tinvi Truncal mayn pcfa onpna
J11B nato^ (Studies in Hebrew and Jewish Languages Presented
to Sh. Morag), Jerusalem 1996
M.z. Kaddari & s. Sharvit(eds.), rvnsoai mayn pwba Dnpna
mma 'a T'l to Toft O'BnpiB Tima^m (Studies in the Hebrew
Language and the Talmudic Literature, Dedicated to the Memory
ofM. Moreshet), Ramat Gan 1989
J. de Morgan, £tudes Linguistiques, IP Partie: Textes Mandai'tes
(Mission scientifique en Perse, V), Paris 1904
Unpublished Aramaic incantation bowls in the collection of S.
Moussaieff, London (Courtesy of Sh. Shaked)
Middle Persian
Mo 'ed Qatan flop lyiB; Sources I)
J.N. Epstein & E.Z. Melammed(eds.), ]3 pyatP '31T xrfr'aa
'Km' (Mekhilta d 'Rabbi Sim'on b. Jochai), Jerusalem 1955
manuscript
J. Naveh & Sh. Shaked, Magic Spells and Formulae, Jerusalem
1993
B. Landsberger et al. (eds.), Materials for a Sumerian Lexicon,
ABBREVIATIONS
43
MsL"
Miiller-Kessler
-Kwasman, Bowl
Mur
MV
MWA
Rome 1937 -»
M. Breuer (ed.), T 3T133 apy 13 "?X"iaw 'VB mvb rf?TWn miDBn
rt? (The Masorah Magna to the Pentateuch by Shemuel ben
Ya'aqov [Ms. n^]), 2 vols., New York 1992 [cited by book and
verse]
C. Miiller-Kessler &. T. Kwasman, A Unique Aramaic
Incantation Bowl, JAOS 120(2000) 159-165
Texts from Wadi Murabba'at [cited ace. to TDTJD]
S. Horovitz(ed), '"SH 'TB'tTIB THX nnBtf WYb ... nO'1 lima
V't [Mahzor Vitry], 2 vols., Nuremberg 1923
Middle Western Aramaic
N
n.
NA
Nab
NABU
Naz
NB
NDGR
Ned
NH
Nid
NJ
NN
Nold
Nold, Beitrage
Nold, Geschichte
Nold, MG
N614NB
Nold, NSGr
Nold, Pers. St.
Nold, SG
Nold Vol
NP
NsChr
nif'al
noun
Neo-Assyrian
Nabatean
Nouvelles assyriologiques breves et utilitaires
Nazir (TU; Sources I)
Neo-Babylonian
S. Emanuel (ed.), D'pOS ,m31^T1 IByi T\Wim U>mX\ miWt)
WiWtnn WK311B 'Ban TlXa D'tPITSI (Newly Discovered Geonic
Responsa and Writings of Provencal Sages), Jerusalem-
Cleveland 1995
Nedarim (D'TU; Sources I)
Texts from Nahal Hever (cited ace. to JDS3)
Nidda (7\T1; Sources I)
The New Jerusalem (v. ATTM 214+; ATTMS 95+)
no name [i.e. so-and-so]
Th. Noldeke
Idem, Beitrage zur semitischen Sprachwissenschaft, Strassburg
1904
Idem, Geschichte der Perser undAraber zur Zeit der Sasaniden2,
Graz 1973
Idem, Mandaische Grammatik, Halle 1875
Idem, Neue Beitrage zur semitischen Sprachwissenschaft,
Strassburg 1910
Idem, Grammatik des neusyrischen Sprache, Leipzig 1868
Idem, Persische Studien, Vienna 1892
Idem, Compendious Syriac Grammar, London 1904
Orientalische Studien Theodor Noldeke zum siebzigsten
Geburtstag, 2 vols., Giessen 1906
New Persian
R. Macuch & E. Panoussi, Neusyrische Chrestomathie,

44 DICTIONARY OF JEWISH BABYLONIAN ARAMAIC
NS
NT
Nyberg
OA
Obermeyer
Oelsner Vol
OfA
Ofer, BMs
OH
OHP
OHR
OHT
OIC
OLD
OLP
OLZ
OP
Oraham
OrNS
OrSu
o.s.
OSI
OSffiO
Wiesbaden 1974, 1-137 [Glossary]
Texts from Nahal Se'elim (Wadi Seiyal; cited by number, ace. to
DJD XXVII)
Novum Testamentum
H.S. Nyberg, A Manual of Pehlevi, II: Glossary, Wiesbaden 1974
Old Aramaic
J. Obermeyer, Die Landschaft Babyloniens im Zeitalter des
Talmuds und des Gaonats, Frankfurt/Main 1929
J. Marzahn & H. Neuman (eds.), Assyriologica et Semitica,
Festschrift fur J. Oelsner (AOAT 252), Munster 2000
Official Aramaic
Y. Ofer, ,T3TT1 iHTUVlpy „TTm? n'733n iTTIO&n (The Babylonian
Masora of the Pentateuch, its Principles and Methods),
Jerusalem 2001
B.M. Lewin(ed.), 'B by DiWITSl 733 '31KA rVDWJl ,D'31XJn "1X1X
Ttt57JVl "110 (Otzar ha-Gaonim, Thesaurus of the Gaonic
Responsa and Commentaries, following the order of the
Talmudic Tractates), 13 vols. [Ber-BM], Haifa-Jerusalem
1928-1944; H.S. Taubisch(ed.) [Sari], Jerusalem 1966 (Sources
II)
Idem(ed.), D'tflTSH ,B>m3n "IXIX (Otzar ha-Gaonim,
Commentaries; Sources II)
Idem(ed.), 7X33n 13'31 WVB ,D'31KVl 1S1X (Otzar ha-Gaonim,
commentary of R. Hananel; Sources II)
Idem(ed.), manwin ,0'3ixan nSIX (Otzar ha-Gaonim, Responsa;
Sources II)
Oriental Institute Communications
The Oxford Latin Dictionary, Oxford 1982
Orientali Lovaniensia Periodica
Orientalische Literaturzeitung
Old Persian
A.J. Oraham, Dictionary of the Stabilized and Enriched Assyrian
Language and English, Chicago 1943
Orientalia (New Series)
Orientalia Suecana
oneself
H.J.W. Drijvers, Old-Syriac (Edesseari) Inscriptions, Leiden
1972
Idem & J.F. Healey, The Old Syriac Inscriptions ofEdessa and
Osrhoene, Leiden 1999
P
Persian
ABBREVIATIONS
45
pa.
PAHL
pal.
PalArab
Par
pass.part.
Patai, Seafaring
PDFMP
PDura
pe.
PED
Peh
Perles, EtSt
Pes
pf.
pi.
PLAr
PMur
PN
pol.
Porten, Archives
pred.
Preisigke
prep.
Preuss
pres.
pret.
prev.
Price, MQ
pron.
PSBA
PSD
PsJ
PSm
pa "el
Proceedings of the Academy of the Hebrew Language (miTDT
rrayn ]w?7 rnnpxn)
palpel
Palestinian Arabic
Parthian
passive participle
R. Patai, TrQ97\ TVUBOn (Jewish Seafaring), Jerusalem 1938
M. Gil, rUWNTl rraVoinn nsipra 7X"ffir"pN (Palestine during
the First Muslim Period [634-1099]), 3 vols., Tel Aviv 1983
(Sources II; texts cited by number and line)
Syriac deed written in Edessa in 243 C.E. [v. OSI 55+]
pe'al
F. Steingass, A Comprehensive Persian - English Dictionary,
London 1892
Pehlevi
J. Perles, Etymologisches Studien der rabbinischen Sprache und
Alterthiimer, Breslau 1871
Pesahim (DTI0S; Sources I)
perfect
plural
A. Asbaghi, Persische Lehnworter im Arabischen, Wiesbaden
1988
Papyri from Murabba'at [cited from TDTJD]
personal name
polel
B. Porten, Archives from Elephantine, Berkeley & Los Angeles
1968
predicate
F. Preisigke, Worterbuch der grieschichen Papyruskunden, Berlin
1925-31
preposition
J. Preuss, Biblisch-talmudische Medizin, Berlin 1911
present
preterite
previous
J.J. Price, The Yemenite Ms. of Mo'edKaton, Leipzig 1920
pronoun
Proceedings of the Society of Biblical Archaeology
A. Sjoberg (ed.), The Sumerian Dictionary of the University
Museum of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 1984 ->
Pseudo-Jonathan Targum
R. Payne Smith, Thesaurus Syriacus, 2 vols., Oxford 1879-1898

46
DICTIONARY OF JEWISH BABYLONIAN ARAMAIC
PSmCom
PSmSup
PT
PWCJS
Qafih Vol
QH
Qid
Q§
quad,
quadref.
Rabbinowicz, Ma'amar
Rackman Vol
RaH
RaN
RB
rdg.
RDQ
ref.
Renger Vol
R.G.
RH
Rieger, Technologie
Rimalt
RISB
RLOW
Ros
Ros, Intr
Idem, A Compendious Syriac Dictionary, Oxford 1903
J.P. Margoliouth, Supplement to the Thesaurus Syriacus of R.
Payne Smith, Oxford 1927
Palestinian Talmud
Proceedings of the World Congress of Jewish Studies
Y Tobi(ed.), bncw> Jiaana O'ipna ,*pr mi? (Le-Rosh Yosef
Texts and Studies in Judaism Dedicated to R. Y. Qafih),
Jerusalem 1995
Qumran Hebrew
Qiddusin (J'tflTp; Sources I)
S. Wertheimer(ed.), Tttfrv nbnp (Kohelet Selomo, Geonic
Responsa), Jerusalem 1899
quadriliteral
quadriliteral reflexive
R.N. Rabbinowicz, Tltt^m TWBTl by naxa (Essay on the Printing
of the Talmud), ed. A.H. Haberman, Jerusalem 1952
M. Beer(ed.), biTW> J13Wn»31 TO^ia Dnpna (Studies in Halakha
and Jewish Thought Presented to M.E. Rackman), Ramat Gan
1994
Rabbenu Hananel's commentary to the Talmud
Rabbenu Nissim's commentary to the Talmud
Revue Biblique
reading
J.H.R. Biesenthal & F. Liebrecht (eds.), D. Qimhi, D'BnWH ISO
(Radicum Liber), Berlin 1847
reference
B. Bock et al. (eds.), Munuscula Mesopotamia, Festschrift fur J.
Renger (Alter Orient und Altes Testament, 267), Minister 1999
Rabbenu Gershom
Ros Hassana (rUtfn KW"I; Sources I)
P. Rieger, Versuch einer Technologie der Handwerke in der
Mishnah, Breslau 1894
E.S. Rimalt, Wechselbeziehungen zwischen dem Aramaischen
und dem Neubabylonischen, WZKM39(1932) 99- 122.
D.M. Goodblatt, Rabbinic Instruction in Sasanian Babylonia,
Leiden 1975
J. Muller(ed.), 3n$?ai rTIT» '31X1 frown (Responsen der Lehrer
des Ostens und Western), Berlin 1888
E.S. Rosenthal
idem, micas laipai -ixiiV-pw v 3na ,D'nos rooa ,^33 Tiatyi
ITOIM (The Pesahim Codex, Babylonian Talmud, the
ABBREVIATIONS
47
Ros, TI
Ros Vol
Rosenthal, AF
Rossel, Handbook
RQ
Ruzicka
SA
Sabato, YM
Salemann
Salonen, Fischerei
San
Satzlehre
SBM
SCC
Schaeder, IB
Schemel, Kleidung
Schocken Vol
Schulthess, HW
Schulthess, LSp
sg-
Shaked
Shaked, Dress
Shaked, EIr
Shaked, Elements
Facsimile ...), London 1985
Idem, 'TlB^Tin ]tf?'fi^ (For the Talmudic Dictionary - Talmudica
Iranica), 77 1(1982)38-134
M. Bar-Asher & D. Rosenthal (eds.), Dnpna pip ,TlsVri npna
^wm k?"x 'sns bv r\oib snpio ^^aia D'amnai iia^na
(Talmudic Studies Dedicated to the Memory of Professor E.S.
Rosenthal), Jerusalem 1993
F. Rosenthal, Die aramdistische Forschung seit Th. Noldeke's
Veroffentlichungen, Leiden 1939
W.H. Rossell, A Handbook of Aramaic Magical Texts, Ringwood
Borough 1958
Revue de Qumran
R. Ruzicka, Konsonantische Dissimilation in den semitischen
Sprachen, Leipzig 1909
Samaritan Aramaic
M. Sabato, jrnoa3 laipai pVss) piruo Tomb 'la'n r-ara
noin (A Yemenite Manuscript of Tractate Sanhedrin and its
Place in the Text Tradition), Jerusalem 1998
C. Salemann, Mittelpersisch, in W. Geiger(ed.), Grundriss der
iranischen Philologie, Strassbourg 1895-1904 249-323.
A. Salonen, Die Fischerei im alten Mesopotamien, Helsinki 1970
Sanhedrin fl'TPJO; Sources I)
M. Schlesinger, Satzlehre der aramaischen Sprache des
Babylonischen Talmuds, Leipzig 1928
E. A.W. Budge, Syrian Anatomy, Pathology and Therapeutics, or
"The Book of Medicines," 2 vols., Oxford 1913
G. Goldenberg & Sh. Raz (eds.), Semitic and Cushitic Studies,
Wiesbaden 1994
H.H. Schaeder, Iranische Beitrage, I, Halle 1930
S. Schemel, Die Kleidung der Juden im Zeitalter der Mischnah,
Berlin 1912
S. Y. Agnon et al. (eds.), ]'J? '^J? (Alei Ayin, The Zalman Schocken
Jubilee Volume), Tel Aviv 1952
Fr. Schulthess, Homonyme Wurzeln im Syrischen, Berlin 1900
Idem, Lexicon Syropalaestinum, Berlin 1903
singular
Sh. Shaked
Idem, Items of Dress and other Objects in Commom Use: Iranian
Loanwords in Jewish Babylonian Aramaic, U 3 (1994) 106-117
Idem, Iranian Loanwords in Middle Aramaic, EIr 2 259-261
Idem, Iranian Elements in Middle Aramaic: Some Particles and
Verbs, Medioiranica (Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta, 48),

48
DICTIONARY OF JEWISH BABYLONIAN ARAMAIC
Shaked, Food
Shaked, Irano-Aramaica
Shaked, Notes
Shaked, Study
Shivtiel Vol
SIB
Siggel
SJLA
SM
SMel
SMiq
s.o.
Sok
Sok, JBA Final Report
Sok, JPA Final Report
Sok, Mutual Elucidation
Sok, Progress
Sophocles
Louvain 1993 147-156
Idem, Food and Drink: Iranian Terms in Jewish Babylonian
Aramaic, Proceedings of a Conference on Bilingualism in
Iranian Culture held in Bamberg 1991 [forthcoming]
Idem, Irano-Aramaica: On Some Legal, Administrative and
Economic Terms, Corolla Iranica, Papers in honour of D.N.
MacKenzie, Frankfurt/Main 1991 167-175
Idem, Notes on the Pahlavi Amulet and Sasanian Courts of Law,
Bulletin of the Asia Institute, NS, 7(1993) 165-172
Idem, A Persian House of Study, A King's Secretary: Indo-
Aramaic Notes, Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hung.
48(1995) 171-186
I. Gluska & T. Kessar(eds.), JTOyn ytthl D'lpTO ^X'ME/ 130
Tinyn nmoaai {Y. Shivtiel Book, Studies in the Hebrew
Language and in the Linguistic Traditions of the Jewish
Communities), Tel Aviv 1992
V Hamilton, Syriac Incantation Bowls, Ph.D. thesis, Brandeis
University 1971
A. Siggel, Arabisch-Deutsches Worterbuch der Stoffe (Deutsche
Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, Institut fur Orient-
forschung, Publication, No. 1), Berlin 1950
Standard Jewish Literary Aramaic
M. Gaster(ed), TlVttya ISO {The Exempla of the Rabbis),
London 1924
W. Bacher, Ein hebraisch-persisches Worterbuch aus dem
vierzehnten Jahrhundert (nx'^an ISO p O'Blj?1?), Strassburg 1900
(Hebrew section cited by page and line; SMelG - German
section cited by page; Sources II)
S. Assaf(ed), niJTOp&n ISO {Sefer ha-miqso'ot), Jerusalem 1947
someone
M. Sokoloff
Idem, A Dictionary of Jewish Babylonian Aramaic {RT-21038-
89), Final Report Submitted to the National Endowment for the
Humanities, December 1992
Idem, A Dictionary of Jewish Palestinian Aramaic, Final Report
Submitted to the National Endowment for the Humanities, Grant
No. RT-1774-81, September 1986
Idem, Jewish Babylonian Aramaic and Syriac: Mutual
Elucidation, VI Symposium Syriacum 1992 (Orientalia Christiana
Analecta, 247), Rome 1994 401-408
Idem, The Dictionary of Jewish Babylonian Aramaic, Progress
and Prospects, in Studia Aramaica 189-195
E.A. Sophocles, Greek Lexicon of the Roman and Byzantine
ABBREVIATIONS
49
Sophos
Sot
SOZ
Sperber
Sperber, Culture
Sperber, Magic
Sperber, Money
Sperber, Nautica
SRAG
SRR
SRSG
SSHai
SSHaiGr
SSSad
s.t.
St
STA
STage
Steinberg
Steiner, Fricative Laterals
StG
Period, Cambridge & Leipzig 1914
J. Landsberger(ed.), OISIOT N'^na, Die Fabeln des Sophos, Posen
1859
Sota (HDIO; Sources I)
XD1T ti?W "HO {The Smaller Order of the World), ed. A. Neubauer,
Mediaeval Jewish Chronicles and Chronological Notes, Oxford
1895, II, 68-73 (Sources II)
D. Sperber
Idem, TKbm ,!3,3 "TXIW'-pXa main main {Material Culture
in Eretz-Israel during the Talmudic Period), Jerusalem 1993
Idem, Magic and Folklore in Rabbinic Literature, Ramat Gan
1994
Idem, Roman Palestine 200-400, Money and Prices, Ramat Gan
1974
Idem, Nautica Talmudica, Ramat Gan 1986
D. Goldschmidt(ed.), pX! may ai TTO (The Order of Prayers of
Rav 'Amram Gaon), Jerusalem 1971 (Sources II)
K.J. Bruns & E. Sachau, Syrisch-romische Rechtsbucher, Leipzig
1880
I. Davidson et al. (eds.), pXJ, H'lJR) T\ TITO {Siddur R. Saadja
Gaon, Kitab G'amV as-Salawat wat-Tasdblh), Jerusalem 1978
(reprint; Sources II)
S. Assaf (ed.), pXA VTTW na 'Xfl ai"? imDWI ISO {The Book of
Shetaroth [Formulary] ofR. Hai Gaon), Jerusalem 1930 (Sources
II)
T Groner, CWttOfaP nlm '"lBOa, AS 15 (1989) 31-33 (Fragment
of SSHai)
M. Ben Sasson, 3,"Q-f? immm mtyTl ISOa WVW {Fragments
from Saadya's Sefer Ha-edut Ve Ha-Shetarot, AIRJL 11-12
(1984/6) 135-278 (Sources II)
something
v. Eps, St
K. Kahan(ed-), D'XmaXI O'XiTl "HD {Seder Tannaim weAmoraim),
Frankfiirt/Main 1935
Y. Ratzabi (ed.), 'AXIl ISO, in Y. Ka'sher(ed.), na*?W miTl, 29
87-90 (Sources V)
A. Steinberg, 1^3 WUai "na'jna miVinsa D'pns {Chapters in
the Pathology of the Talmud), Jerusalem 1975
R. Steiner, The Case for Fricative-Laterals in Proto-Semitic,
New Haven 1977
S. Morag & I. Ben-Ami (eds.), nrai T\W npntt {Studies in
Geniza and Sephardi Heritage presented to S.D. Goitein),
Jerusalem 1981

50
DICTIONARY OF JEWISH BABYLONIAN ARAMAIC
Stol, Beer
StOr
Stack, Munich
Strack-Stemberger
Studia Aramaica
subst.
Suk
Sum
Sy
SYes
Syh
Syr Arab
§
Sab
saf.
Seel
SM
ST
St
Svu
M. Stol, Beer in Neo-Babylonian Times, in L. Milano(ed.),
Drinking in Ancient Societies {History of the Ancient Near East,
Studies VI), Padua 1994 155-183
Studia Orientalia (Helsinki)
H.L. Stack, Der Babylonische Talmud nach der einzigen
vollstdndigen Handschrift Miinchen Codex Hebraicus 95 ...,
Leiden 1912.
H.L. Stack & G. Stemberger, Introduction to the Talmud and
Midrash2, Minneapolis 1992
M. J. Geller et al. (eds.), Studia Aramaica, New Sources and New
Approaches, Oxford 1995
substantive
Sukka (H31D; Sources I)
Sumerian
Syriac
Commentary of R. Sa'adiah Gaon to Sefer Yesira, in M.
Lambert, 'IXSa^X 3XJ13 TDSJ1, Paris 1891
Syrohexaplaric version
Syrian Arabic
saf'el
Sabbat {TOW; Sources I)
saf'el
S.K. Mirsky (ed.), pXl 'Xnx 311 nvfow (Sheeltoth de Rav Ahai
Gaon), 5 vols., Jerusalem 1960-1977; ed. R.N. Berlin,
Jerusalem 1948 (Sources II)
R. Bezalel Ashkenazi, nxaipa ntJ'ff (printed in Vilna ed. of BT)
Y. Fischel(ed.), 2naiem 1JW ISO {Sa'arei Tesuva, Geonic
Responsa), Leipzig 1848
Simmusa de-Tefillin (pV'Sm XWia'W; Sources II)
Sevu'ot (myiatf; Sources I)
TA
TAD
Tal
Tallqvist
Talshir, Fauna
S. Lieberman(ed.), xriSDW {The Tosefta), New York 1956- 1988
{Zera'im-Bav'a Batra); S. Zuckermandel, XHSDW, Jerusalem
1970 (reprint) {Sanhedrin- 'Uqsiri)
Targumic Aramaic of Onkelos-Jonathan type
B. Porten & A. Yardeni, Textbook of Aramaic Documents from
Ancient Egypt, 4 vols. [A-D], Jerusalem 1986- 1999
A. Tal, rraixn '3'j Vbsa mayai d'jtoxi D'x'ajV cminn \wb
{The Language of the Targum of the Former Prophets and its
Position within the Aramaic Dialects), Tel Aviv 1975
K.L. Tallqvist, Assyrian Personal Names, Helsinki 1914
D. Talshir, 'anawn bv 'aixn maim D"nn 'tya maw {The
ABBREVIATIONS
51
Tarn
Tanh
TaS
TDTJD
Tel
Tern
Tg
TGAs27
TGAs28
TGAs33
TGAs42
TGCas
TGCor
TGDr46
TGDr49
TgEstFr
TGHark
TGKis
TGMus
TGQed
TGWeisz
Nomenclature of the Fauna in the Samaritan Targum), Jerusalem
1981
Tamid (Tan; Sources I)
Midrash Tanhuma (Xainan)
J. Mann, Texts and Studies in Jewish History and Literature, I,
Cincinnati 1931
A. Yardeni, A Textbook of Aramaic, Hebrew and Nabataean
Documentary Texts from the Judaean Desert and Related
Material, 2 vols. [A, B], Jerusalem 2000
S. Telegdi, Essai sur la phonetique des emprunts iraniens en
arameen talmudique, JAs 1935 177-256
Temura (minxi; Sources I)
Targum
S. Assaf(ed.), D'aixan nianwi (Geonic Responsa), Jerusalem
1927 (ace. to pagination of separate edition; Sources II)
Idem (ed.), "?lP31"n Tina D'33ixan niaiwn {Gaonic Responsa from
Geniza Mss.), Jerusalem 1928 (Sources II)
Idem(ed.), D'3ixan miSDa {Gaonica), Jerusalem 1933 (Sources
II)
Idem(ed.), O'JIXin maiWl {Responsa Geonica), Jerusalem 1942
(Sources II)
D. Cassel(ed.), D'liaip D'31XJ TTDllWl (Ancient Geonic
Responsa), Berlin 1848 (Sources II)
N. Coronel(ed.), D'TMn TVnuwi (Geonic Responsa), Vienna
1871 (Sources II)
E. Hurwitz(ed.), mv TOOti? D'JIXIH 'WlTSa D'TIW (Fragments
from Geonic Commentaries to Tractate Sabbat), Part I, Hadarom
46(1978) 123-227 (Sources II)
Idem, naw TGOrb D'JIXJn 'WITSa anrw (Fragments from
Geonic Commentaries to Tractate Sabbat), Part II, Hadarom
49(1980) 67-117 (Sources II)
R. Kasher & M. Klein, New Fragments of Targum to Esther from
the Cairo Genizah, HUCA 61 (1990) 89-124
A. Harkavy(ed.), 133 'XH 311 XT1W 31 lin'31 D'31X1 .ia3 |113T
'DXSVx pflS' '1 aim {Responsen der Geonim, zumeist aus dem
X.-XI. Jahrhhundert), Berlin 1887 (Sources II)
C.H. Kis(ed.), D'JlXJn imVDI\ {Gdoni Responsumok), Budapest
1912 (Sources II)
Y. Mussafia(ed.), Q'aiXJH mawn (Geonic Responsa), Lyck 1824
(Sources II)
A. Harkavy, WW D5 D'Win, HaQedem 2 (1908) 82-90 (Sources
II)
M. Weisz(ed.), D'llXin mawn nnJiia anrw (Geonic

52
DICTIONARY OF JEWISH BABYLONIAN ARAMAIC
TJ
TKet
TMHP
TO
Tobi, TY
tr.
trad.
translit.
TRN
Tur Sinai Vol
Uruklnc
Var
vb.
v.n.
VTM
Responsa) in Festschrift zum 50 jahrigen Bestehen der Franz-
Josef-Landesrabbiner Schule in Budapest, Budapest 1927
(Sources II)
A. Sperber (ed.), O'X'ajV |JUT* DU1T1 (The Former/Latter Prophets
according to Targum Jonathan), 2 vols., Leiden 1959-1962
Targum to the Ketuvim
I. Davidson, rbyorm n'PXT ly cnipn '37D jata »rsm wwn ixix
(Thesaurus of Mediaeval Hebrew Poetry2-), 4 vols., New York
1970
A. Sperber (ed.), miJlV DlbpjlX Oinn (Targum Onkelos), Leiden
1959
Y. Tobi, JB'/n liaVm ^ (7"Ae Ja/wwrf /« tewew), Tel Aviv 1963
transitive
tradition, traditional
transliteration
R. Brody(ed.), pxa 'K1?',! 13 'JUVIM 31 JTOltWl (Teshuvot Rav
Natronai bar Hilai Gaon), Jerusalem - Cleveland 1994
M. Haran & B.Z. Luria(eds.), frrton Xipan *ij?IT7 mam 'aiOIS
ruff n'ysp ib nxbab wiib t\"i tod1? mia ,'n nso (N.H. Tur
Sinai Jubilee Volume), Jerusalem 1960
Aramaic Cuneiform Incantation from Uruk (v. M.J. Geller, JEOL
35-36 [1997-2000] 127-143)
variant
verb
verbal noun
Sh. Morag, Vocalised Talmudic Manuscripts in the Cambridge
Geniza Collections, I, Taylor-Schechter Old Series, Cambridge
1988 [cited by number]
w.
WA
Wald
Wehizhir
Wehr
Weiss
Wieder, FJL
with
Western Aramaic
M. Wald, Die arabischen Glossen in den Schriften der Geonim,
Oxford 1935
J.M. Freimann (ed.), Tilim ISO (Wehishir, opus continens
Midraschim et Halachoth ... auctore Rabi Chefez Aluf), 2 vols.,
Tel Aviv 1964 (reprint)
H. Wehr, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, Wiesbaden
1961
R. Weiss, 3VX ISOV 'iTIXn Oinm (The Aramaic Targum of Job),
Tel Aviv 1979
N. Wieder, 3iya31 m?»3 nb'Bm noiJ rVHWmn (The Formation of
ABBREVIATIONS
53
WKAS
w/o
w. ref.
WZKM
Jewish Liturgy in the East and in the West), 2 vols., Jerusalem
1998
M. Ullmann(ed.), Worterbuch der klassischen arabischen
Sprache, Wiesbaden 1970 —>
without
with reference
Wiener Zeitschrift fur die Kunde des Morgenlandes
XHev/Se
Yalon,
Yalon,
Intr
Studies
Yalon Mem Vol
Yalon Vol
Yardeni, Script
YBC
Yeivin,
Yeivin,
Yeivin,
BV
Fragment
Masorah
Yeivin Vol
Yequm Purqan
Yev
YK
Yom
Yona
Aramaic documents from Nahal Hever and Nahal Se'elim (Wadi
Seiyal), published by A. Yardeni in DJD XXVII and TDTJD
Y. 'Amr(ed.), mn ip'3 ... p'Tl mioa '3 "?y Ipua .'bas 7\lfrn
'T7H nay pHX f'3 rpy> Tym (Babylonian Talmud vocalized
according to the Yemenite Oral Tradition), 20 vols., Jerusalem
1980
H. Yalon, nVDlX] Tlp'^1 X13a (Introduction to the Vocalization of
the Mishna), Jerusalem 1964
Idem, ywh 'pns (Studies in the Hebrew Language), Jerusalem
1971
E. Y Kutscher et al. (eds.), ]T7' 'if? ]rDT ISO (H Yalon Memorial
Volume), Ramat Gan 1974
S. Lieberman et al.(eds.), pV> fUJI ISO (H Yalon Jubilee
Volume), Jerusalem 1963
A. Yardeni, The Book of Hebrew Script, Jerusalem 1997
Yale Babylonian Collection
I. Yeivin, ^>aan np'33 nsprwan jmayn ]wbn rnioa (The
Hebrew Language Tradition as Reflected in the Babylonian
Vocalization), 2 vols., Jerusalem 1985
Idem, oibpnx DinnVi xnpab '"733 vmoa -naTia yep (A
Fragment of a Masoretic Treatise to the Pentateuch and Targum
Onkelos), Yalon Mem Vol 99-1631
Idem, Introduction to the Tiberian Masorah, Missoula 1990
M. Bar Asher(ed.), J'3» bXTW*? bam ISO (/. Yeivin Festschrift
[= LangSt 5-6]), Jerusalem 1992
Prayer for the heads of the Babylonian community (Sources II)
Yevamot (TmV; Sources I)
S. Lieberman, T0WS3 'aV^lTH (Hayerushalmi Kiphshuto),
Jerusalem 1934
Yoma (NaT*; Sources I)
M. Yona, nay-TTD^anx pV^a (Aramaic-Kurdish-Hebrew
Dictionary), Jerusalem 1999
ZA
Zeitschrift fur Assyriologie

54
DICTIONARY OF JEWISH BABYLONIAN ARAMAIC
ZDMG
Zev
Zimmern
Zlotnick, TM
ZSLM
Zuckermann
Babylonian Texts (Repertoire Geographique des Textes
Cuneiformes, VIII), Wiesbaden 1985
Zeitschrift der deutschen morgenldndischen Gesellschaft
Zevahim (DTQT; Sources I)
H. Zimmern, Akkadische Fremdworter als Beweis fur
babylonischen Kultureinfluss, Leipzig 1917
D. Zlotnick (ed.), The Tractate "Mourning", New Haven &
London 1966
R. Macuch, Zur Sprache and Literatur der Mandder, Berlin &
New York 1976
B. Zuckermann, Ueber talmudische Miinzen und Gewichte,
Breslau 1862
SIGNS
()
[ ]
(>
{ }
{{ }}
r -i
i
V
<
>
+
@
//
*
#
Optional additional vowel letter
Defective portion in manuscript source (e.g. hole)
Editorial addition
Editorial deletion
Deletion in manuscript source
Partially restored letters
See entry
Verbal root
Loanword from
Loanword into
Divides manuscript string into two words
Combines two strings in manuscript into one word
Parallel
As opposed to
Number
Sub-entry
THE SOURCES OF JEWISH BABYLONIAN ARAMAIC
I. The Babylonian Talmud
Tractate Abbr.
Berakhot Ber
Sabbat
Sab
'Eruvin
Er
Pesahim
Pes
Ros Hassana RH
Yoma
Yom
Manuscript
Oxford, Opp. Add. Fol. 23 (366)
Florence III 7-9
Munich 95
Paris 671,4
Oxford, Opp. Add. Fol. 23 (366)
Munich 95
Vatican 108
Vatican 127
Vatican 487
Vatican 109 [2b-91a; 95a-101b]
Oxford, Opp. Add. Fol. 23 (366)
[2a; 91a-95a; 10lb-105a]
Munich 95
Vatican 127
New York, JTS Rab 1623 (EMC
271)
New York, JTS Rab 1608 (ENA
850)
New York, Columbia X893-T141
Munich 95
Munich 6
Oxford, Opp. Add. Fol. 23 (366)
Vatican 109
Vatican 125
Vatican 134
New York, JTS Rab 218 (EMC
270) [2a-18a]
Munich 140 [18a-28a]
New York, JTS Rab 1608 (ENA
850) [28a-35a]
London, BL Harley 5508 (400)
Oxford, Opp. Add. Fol. 23 (366)
Munich 95
Munich 6
Abbr.
O
F
M
P
O
M
V
V15
V21
V
o
M
V15
El
E2
C
M
Mi
O
Vi
VH
yn
Ei
M2
E2
L
O
M
Mi

56
DICTIONARY OF JEWISH BABYLONIAN ARAMAIC
Sukka
Suk
Besa
Bes
Ta 'anit
Tan
Megilla
Meg
Mo 'ed Qatan MQ
Hagiga
Hag
New York, JTS Rab 218 (EMC
270)
New York, JTS Rab 1608 (ENA
850)
London, BL Harley 5508 (400)
Munich 95
Vatican 134
Oxford, heb. e.51 (2677)
New York, JTS Rab 218 (EMC
270)
New York, JTS Rab 1608 (ENA
850)
Munich 95
Munich 140
Gottingen 3
London, BL Harley 5508 (400)
Munich 95
Oxford, Opp. Add. Fol. 23 (366)
Vatican 109
Vatican 134
Jerusalem, Yad Harav Herzog
[2a-25b]
Gottingen 3 [25b-30a]
London, BL Harley 5508 (400)
Munich 95
Munich 140
Vatican 134 [30a-31a]
Vatican 487
Oxford, Opp. Add. Fol. 23 (366)
New York, Columbia X893-T141
Gottingen 3
London, BL Harley 5508 (400)
Munich 95
Munich 140
New York, Columbia X893-T141
[2a-28a]
Gottingen 3 [28a-29a]
London, BL Harley 5508 (400)
Munich 95
Munich 140
Vatican 108
Vatican 134
Munich 6 [2a-26a]
E'
E2
L
M
V17
09
E>
E2
M
M2
G
L
M
O
Vi
\\7
He
G
L
M
M2
V"
V21
o
c
G
L
M
M2
C
G
L
M
M2
V
V17
Mi
SOURCES
57
Yevamot
Yev
Ketubbot
Ket
Nedarim
Nazir
Sota
Ned
Naz
Sot
Gittin
Git
Gottingen 3 [26a-27a]
London, BL Harley 5508(400)
Munich 95
Vatican 171
Vatican 111 [2a-48b]
Munich 141 [48b-122b]
Cambridge, Add. 3207
Munich 95
Moscow, Lenin 594
Oxford, Opp. 248(367)
St. Petersburg, Firkowich 187
[31b-32a; 32b; 34b; 36a-38a; 39a
40a-42a; 44a-46b; 48b-50b; 51a-
52a; 53b-55b; 56a-58b; 60a-61b
63b-65b; 67a-69a; 69b; 70b-97a
97b; 98a; 98b; 99a; 99b-102a:
102b; 103a-109b; 109b-110a:
110a-112a
Vatican 130 [2a-31b; 32a; 32b-34b
34b-36a; 38a-39a; 39a-39b; 40a
42a-44a; 46b-48b; 50b; 52a-53b
55b-56a; 58b-60a; 61b-63b; 65b-
67a; 69a; 69b; 70a-70b; 97a-97b;
98a; 98b; 99a; 99b; 102a-102b;
103a; 106a; 110a; 112a-112b
Vatican 113 [109b]
Vatican 112
Munich 95
Vatican 487 [2a-20b]
Munich 95 [21b-91b]
Moscow, Guenzburg 1134
Vatican 110
Munich 95
Moscow, Guenzburg 1134
Vatican 110
Oxford, heb. d.20 (2675,2) [3b-
13a; 13b-16b; 18a-26b; 28a-30b;
35b-39a; 45b-49b]
Vatican 110 [2a-3b; 13a-13b; 16b-
18a; 27a-27b; 30b-35b; 39a-45b]
Munich 95
Vatican 130
Aras 969
G
L
M
V20
V3
M3
Ca
M
Mo'
02
Fr
\\6
V5
\M2
M
V21
M
Mo
V2
M
Mo
V2
Q8
V2
M
\\6
As

58
DICTIONARY OF JEWISH BABYLONIAN ARAMAIC
Qiddusin
Bava Qamma
Bava Mesia
Bava Batra
Sanhedrin
Makkot
Sevu 'ot
Avoda Zara
Horayot
Zevahim
Qid
BQ
BM
BB
San
Mak
Svu
AZ
Hor
Zev
St. Petersburg, Firkowich I 187
Munich 95
Oxford, Opp. 038(368)
Vatican 127
Vatican 140
Vatican 111
Munich 95
Oxford, Opp. 248(367)
Hamburg 165
Madrid, Escorial G-I-3
Florence 8
Munich 95
Hamburg 165
Florence 8
Madrid, Escorial G-I-3
Munich 95
Vatican 114
Vatican 115
Hamburg 165
Madrid, Escorial G-I-3
Florence 9
Munich 95
Paris 1337
Vatican 115
Jerusalem, Yad Harav Herzog
Florence 9
Karlsruhe 9 (Reuchlin 2)
Munich 95
Jerusalem, Yad Harav Herzog
Munich 95
Vatican 140
Vatican 156
Florence 9
Munich 95
Paris 1337
New York, JTS Rab 0015
Munich 95
Paris 1337
Munich 95
New York, Columbia X893-T141
Munich 95
Vatican 118
Vatican 119
Fr
M
03
Vis
V~18
V3
M
02
H
Es
F'
M
H
F»
Es
M
V22
V23
H
Es
F2
M
Pi
V22
He
F2
K
M
He
M
V18
V19
F2
M
Pi
J
M
P'
M
C
M
V8
V9
SOURCES
59
Menahot
Men
Hullin
Hul
Bekhorot
Bek
'Arakhin
Temura
Ara
Tern
Karetot
Kar
Me 'ila
Mei
Tatnid
Tarn
Vatican 121
Paris, AIU H147A [2a-lla; 29b-
30a; 38b-109a]
Vatican 120 [lla-29b; 30b-38a;
109a-110a]
Munich 95
Vatican 118
Vatican 122 [three scribes]
Vatican 121
Vatican 123
Hamburg 169
Munich 95
Florence 7 [12a-61a]
Vatican 120 [2a-12a]
Vatican 119
London, BL Add. 25717(402)
Munich 95
Vatican 120
London, BL Add. 25717(402)
Munich 95
Oxford, Opp. 726(370)
Florence 7
Munich 95
Paris, AIU H147A
Vatican 119
Vatican 120
Oxford, heb. b.l (2673) [4a-6a;
18a-28b]
Florence 7 [2a-4a; 6a-18a]
Vatican 119
Vatican 120
London, BL Add. 25717(402)
Munich 95
Florence 7
Vatican 119
Vatican 120
Oxford, 370 (Opp. 726)
Munich 95
Ed. Venice
Florence 7
Vatican 120
Munich 95
Ed. Venice
yii
P2
yio
M
V8
V12
V'i
V13
H2
M
F
yio
V9
Li
M
yio
Li
M
Ot
F
M
P2
V9
yio
06
F
V9
yio
L'
M
F
V9
yio
04
M
Ed
F
yio
M
Ed

60
DICTIONARY OF JEWISH BABYLONIAN ARAMAIC
Nidda Nid
II. The Geonic Literature
1. Responsa
Vatican 113 [2a-50a]
Munich 95 [50a-73a]
Vatican 111
Vatican 127
Geon L. Ginzberg (ed.), Geonica, II, New York 1909
GnK B.M. Lewinfed
.). DID 'm (Ginze Kedem). 6 vols..
Vs
M
V3
V15
Haifa & Jerusalem
iSg
NDGR
OH
TGAs27
TGAs28
TGAs33
TGAs42
TGCas
TGCor
TGDr46
TGDr49
TGHark
TGKis
TGMus
TGQed
TGWeisz
1922-1944
B.M. Lewin(ed.), pXJ XTTO T\ TVttX (The Epistle of Rav Sarrira
Gaon), Haifa 1921 [iSGF = 'French' recension; iSGS = 'Spanish'
recension; I§GSup = Supplements]
s. Emanuel (ed.), o'ttMTSi epos ,maiiwi pyi nrennn o'Jixn rrniiwi
D'JUMnn 03X3113 'OSn JlXa (7Vew/y Discovered Geonic Responsa and
Writings of Provengal Sages), Jerusalem-Cleveland 1995
B.M. Lewin(ed), TJO 'S 7? 0,T2m'Sl 733 '31X5 TViailWl ,D'I»«n 1X1X
Tl&7Jin (Otzar ha-Gaonim, Thesaurus of the Gaonic Responsa and
Commentaries, following the order of the Talmudic Tractates), 13 vols.
[Ber-BM], Haifa-Jerusalem 1928-1944; H.S. Taubisch (ed.) [San],
Jerusalem 1966 (Hebrew)
S. Assaf(ed), wmx\ TPOWD (Geonic Responsa), Jerusalem 1927 [ace.
to pagination of separate edition]
Idem (ed.), "nrtt"n "\\T\Ti D'Jlxan TVnWJl (Gaonic Responsa from Geniza
Mss.), Jerusalem 1928
S. Idem(ed.), wmxn TlVlBOa (Gaonica), Jerusalem 1933
S. Idem(ed.), D'JIXJH jrnrwi (Responsa Geonica), Jerusalem 1942
D. Cassel(ed.), D'JiaTp D'JINU JTOWJ1 (Ancient Geonic Responsa),
Berlin 1848
N. Coronel(ed.), OMIXin JTiailWl (Geonic Responsa), Vienna 1871
E. Hurwitz(ed.), rav rao»7 O'TttUn 'WlTSa WTHV (Fragments from
Geonic Commentaries to Tractate Sabbat), Part I, Hadarom 46(1978)
123-227
Idem, TOV 7D0B7 O'JlXJn 'KNTSa O'TTO (Fragments from Geonic
Commentaries to Tractate Sabbat), Part II, Hadarom 49(1980) 67-117
A. Harkavy(ed.), "\ aim ua 'xn an m'lif 3i mrrai D'aixj naa par
'0XB7X priX' (Responsen der Geonim, zumeist aus dem X.-XI
Jahrhundert), Berlin 1887
C.H. Kis(ed.), D'JIXJn TTOltttfl (Gaoni Responsumok), Budapest 1912
Y. Mussafia(ed.), WYMX\ TPOWT\ (Geonic Responsa), Lyck 1824
A.E. Harkavy(ed), WW m WWTn, HaQedem 2(1908) 82-90
M. Weisz(ed.), wmXK ITDHWl - mXTQ WVW (Geonic Responsa in
Festschrift zum 50 jahrigen Bestehen der Franz-Josef-Landesrabbiner
SOURCES
61
Schule in Budapest), Budapest 1927
TRN R. Brody(ed.), pXl 'XV'H na 'X3T1M an JYI3TCm (Teshuvot Rav Natronai
bar Hilai Gaon), Jerusalem-Cleveland 1994
2. Legal Compendia
HG E. Hildesheimer(ed.), ni7VM JYD7n nSD (Se/er Halakhot Gedolot), 3
vols., Jerusalem 1971-1987
#P S. Sasoon (ed.), 7"XT pXJ 'XTITT 317 mpiOS 71137n ISO (R. Yehudai Gaon,
Sefer Halachot Pesuqot [Codex Sasoon 263]), Jerusalem 1948
KaR M. Higger(ed), 'mi H73 nana (Tractate Kalla Rabbati) in idem,
nVa mriaoa, New York 1936
Seel S. K. Mirsky (ed.), pXl WX an niJ17X» (Sheeltoth de Rav Ahai Gaon),
5 vols., Jerusalem 1960-1977
ST Simmusa de-Tefillin (= HG1 488-496)
3. Formularies and documents
Gulak, OS A. Gulak, 7XTO'3 tnvUH Tmmm nXlX (A Thesaurus of Jewish Deeds),
Jerusalem 1926
Lucena J. Rivlin, rTOjrnnxn nxan 1» nJX0'7X n^np nD» (£«//,* aw</ Contracts
from Lucena [1020-1025 C.E.]), Ramat Gan 1994
PDFMP M. Gil, rUTCNOn TH3701»n nSlprn 7XTO'"pN (Palestine During the First
Muslim Period [634-1099]), 3 vols., Tel Aviv 1983
SSHai S. Assaf (ed.), pXJ XT"IP 13 'Nil 317 miDE/n ISO (7%e 5ooA: ofShetaroth
[Formulary] ofR. Hai Gaon), Jerusalem 1930
SSSad M. Ben Sasson, Fragments from Saadya's Sefer Ha-'Edut weha-
Shetarot, AIRJL 11-12(1984/6) 135-278
4. Historical texts
SOZ KBIT 071J; mo (The Smaller Order of the World), ed. A. Neubauer,
Mediaeval Jewish Chronicles and Chronological Notes, Oxford 1895,
II, 68-73
5. Lexical Works
GC J.N. Epstein (ed.), J11TID "1107 O'ilXJH WITS (The Gaonic Commentary
on the Order Toharot attributed to Rav Hai Gaon2), Jerusalem-Tel
Aviv 1982
LPT S. Abramson(ed.), pXJ '33in p 7X1KW "17 '11»7nn X13a' p D'pnB (7ta66z
Shmuel b. Chofni, Liber Prooemium Talmudis), Jerusalem 1990
SMel W. Bacher, Ein hebrdisch-persisches Worterbuch aus dem vierzehnten
Jahrhundert (nX^BH ISO p 0'Dip7), Strassburg 1900
6. Liturgy
SiL4G D. Goldschmidt(ed.), pxi may 3T TTO (The Order of Prayers of Rav
'Amram Gaon), Jerusalem 1971
SRSG I. Davidson et al. (eds.), pXJ iT1J?0 an ino (Siddur R. Saadja Gaon,
Kitab G'amV as-Salawat wat-Tasabih), Jerusalem 1978

62
DICTIONARY OF JEWISH BABYLONIAN ARAMAIC
Yequm Purqan Prayer for the heads of the Babylonian community (quoted ace. to MV
172)
HI. Writings of Anan
Anan A. Harkavy (ed.), N1p» '33^ O'llWin mSOH nBOB B'^Sni T12?H (Anan's
Books of Commandments), in Aus der dltesten Kardischen
Gesetzbuchern (Studien und Mitteilungen aus der Kaiserlichen
Offentlichen Bibliothek, VIII. 1), St. Petersburg 1903
AnanEps Fragments of Anan published by J.N. Epstein, Tarbiz 7(1936) 289-290
[=5/5 644-651]
AnanMann Fragments of Anan published by J. Mann, Journal of Jewish Lore and
Philosophy, 1(1919) 329-353
AnanSch Fragments of Anan published by S. Schechter, Documents of Jewish
Sectaries, 2, Cambridge 1910
AnanSok
IV. Magical Texts
1. Bowls
Number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
Fragments of Anan pub
SSSR, 1928, 243-254
Source
CBS 8693
CBS 2945
CBS 2963
CBS 2923
CBS 2952
CBS 2916
CBS 16007
D. Myhrman, Hilprecht
Vol 342+
CBS 9013
CBS 9010
CBS 16014
CBS 16022
Ellis 1
CBS 9009
CBS 8694
CBS 16917
CBS 16807
CBS 2920
Publication
AIT 1 (CAIB 1); Eps, Stl 330
AIT 2 (CAIB 2); Eps, Stl 331
AIT 3 (CAIB 8; Eps, Stl 333
AIT 4; Eps, Stl 333
AIT 5 (CAIB 10); Eps, Stl 334
AIT 6 (CAIB 11); Eps, Stl 334
AIT 7a (CAIB 3); Eps, Stl 334
AIT 7b (CAIB 4); Eps, Stl 334
AIT 8 (CAIB 12); Eps, Stl 336; Levine,
Bowls 347
AIT 9 (CAIB 15); Eps, Stl 337
AIT 10 (CAIB 16); Eps, Stl 339
AIT 11a (CAIB 17); Eps, Stl 339
AIT lib; Eps, Stl 339; Jeruzalmi 65;
CAMIB 13A
AIT 12 (CAIB 23); Eps, Stl 341
AIT 13 (CAIB 25); Eps, Stl 342;
Levine, Bowls 351
AIT 14 (CAIB 9); Eps, Stl 344
AIT 15 (CAIB 26); Eps, Stl 344
AIT 16 (CAIB 24); Eps, Stl 345;
63
CBS 2922
CBS 8695
CBS 16018
CBS 16023
CBS 16054
CBS 16006
CBS 16090
CBS 2926
CBS 16009
CBS 3997
CBS 16041
CBS 2972
CBS 16055
CBS 16096
Geller A
Geller B
Geller C; BM 139524
Geller D
K3449
Pearson Bowl
Aaron Bowl A
Aaron Bowl B
Aaron Bowl E
Jewish Museum Bowl
Gordon 1
Gordon 2
Gordon 3
Gordon 4
Gordon 5
Gordon 7
Gordon 6
Gordon 8
Gordon 10
Gordon 11
Gordon A
Gordon B
Gordon C
Gordon D
Levine, Bowls 353
AIT 17 (CAIB 13); Eps, Stl 345
AIT 18 (CAIB 20); Eps, Stl 346
AIT 19 (CAIB 21); Eps, Stl 347
AIT 20 (CAIB 27); Eps, Stl 348
AIT 21 (CAIB 28); Eps, Stl 348
AIT 22 (CAIB 29); Eps, Stl 349
AIT 23 (CAIB 30); Eps, Stl 349
AIT 24 (CAIB 32); Eps, Stl 349
AIT 25 (CAIB 34); Eps, Stl 349
AIT 26 (CAIB 35); Eps, Stl 350
AIT 27 (CAIB 6); Eps, Stl 350
AIT 28 (CAIB 36); Eps, Stl 351
AIT 29 (CAIB 37); Eps, Stl 352
AIT 30 (CAIB 38); Eps, Stl 353
M. Geller, Gordon Vol 49
Geller, ib. 51
Geller, ib. 54; CAMIB 23A
Geller, ib. 58
Geller, ib. 60 (AICB 63); M. Schwab,
PSBA 13(1891) 594; Jeruzalmi 6
M. Geller, OLP 17(1986) 101
Geller, ib. 107
Geller, ib. 108
Geller, ib. 114
Geller, ib. 117
C.H. Gordon, OrNS 10(1941) 117
(CAIB 33)
Gordon, ib. 119
Gordon, ib. 120 (CAIB 31)
Gordon, ib. 121 (CAIB 40)
Gordon, ib. 123 (CAIB 41)
Gordon, ib. 27 (CAIB 42)
Gordon, ib. 124 (CAIB 43)
Gordon, ib. 129 (CAIB 44)
Gordon, ib. 272 (CAIB 45)
C.H. Gordon OrNS 20(1951) 273
(CAIB 7)
C.H. Gordon, ArOr 6(1934) 321 (CAIB
47)
Gordon, ib. (CAIB 48)
Gordon, ib. 326 (CAIB 52)
Gordon, ib. 328 (CAIB 52)

64
DICTIONARY OF JEWISH BABYLONIAN ARAMAIC
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
Gordon E
Gordon G
Gordon H
Gordon K
Gordon L
IM9737
BM 136204
Moriah I
A (ROM 907.1.1)
B (ROM 907.1.2)
HU 1401
HU 1399
HU 1402
IM 80.1.1
IM 80.1.2
IM 80.1.3
IM 69.20.265
Barakat Bowl
Jew. Hist. Museum,
Belgrade, No. 242/1
JNUL, Heb. 4<> 6079
Metropolitan Museum, No.
86.11.259
Klagsbald Bowl
Fiorella Cottier-Angeli
Collection, Geneva
Herschler Collection, Bene
Beraq
Leonard A. Wolfe
Collection, Jerusalem
Einhorn Collection, Tel
Aviv
Einhorn Collection, Tel
Aviv
Einhorn Collection, Tel
Aviv
Einhorn Collection, Tel
Aviv
Alexander L. Wolfe
Gordon, ib. 331 (CAIB 50)
Gordon, ib. 457 (CAIB 19)
C.H. Gordon, ArOr 9(1937) 86 (CAIB
53)
Gordon, ib. 92 (CAIB 14)
Gordon, ib. 93 (CAIB 56)
C.H. Gordon, AASOR 14(1934) 141
C.H. Gordon, OrNS 20(1951) 306;
CAMIB 68A
C.H. Gordon, OrNS 53(1984) 220
JMIB 3; Levine, Bowls 345; v.
Harviainen 106
JMIB 6
AMB2
AMB3
AMB4
AMB5
AMB6
AMB7
AMB 8; M. Narkiss, Tarbiz 6(1934)
107
AMB 9
AMB 11
AMB 12a
AMB 12b
AMB 13
AMB 14
AMB 15
AMB 18
AMB 19
AMB 20
AMB 21
AMB 22
AMB 23
65
Collection, Jerusalem
Geoffrey Cope Collection,
Herzlia
Smithsonian Institution
Leonard A. Wolfe
Collection, Jerusalem
BN, K 3450
BM 91723
BM 91766
BM 91765
BM 91751
Istanbul 5361
Istanbul 5363
Istanbul 5366
Istanbul 5370
Louvre (w/o cat. no.)
Nehavand Bowl
YBC 2359
YBC 2393
De Menil Bowl
Orient. Inst. N-IV
Nippur (11 N78)
Borsippa Bowl
Hermitage
Hermitage
Hermitage
Hermitage
BM 91710
ZRL48
Istanbul 9731
IM 9726
BM 91727
Wiseman Bowl
Allard Pierson Museum
IMCn-3
Berlin Museum 2422
AMB 24
AMB 25
AMB 26
Jeruzalmi 25 (CAIB 64)
Jeruzalmi 40; CAMIB 34A (CAIB 65)
Jeruzalmi 77; Ellis 5; CAMIB 14A
Jeruzalmi 92; CAMIB 26A
Jeruzalmi 101; Gordon, OrNS 10(1941)
341; CAMIB 38A
Jeruzalmi 115 (CAIB 67); v. AMB
13210
Jeruzalmi 128 (CAIB 69)
Jeruzalmi 141 (CAIB 70)
Jeruzalmi 153 (CAIB 71)
Jeruzalmi 160 (CAIB 72)
E.M. Yamauchi, JAOS 85 (1965) 514; v.
Geller.OIP 17(1986) 104+
J. Obermann, AJSLL 47 (1940) 6 (CAIB
61)
Obermann, ib. 17
C. Isbell, BASOR 223(1974) 18+
Isbell, ib. 23
S.A. Kaufman, OIC 22(1975) 151
T. Harviainen, StOr 51 (1981) 4
A. A. Borisov, Epigrafika Vostoka
19 (1969) 7
A. Borisov, ib. 10
A. Borisov, ib. 11
A. Borisov, ib. 12
M. Schwab, PSBA 12(1890) 300 [v.
AIT 168]; CAMIB 13A
C.H. Gordon, LaSor Vol 233
Gordon, ib. 233
E. Hunter, Iraq 62 (2000) 140
Ellis 3; CAMIB 9A
M. Geller, BSOAS 39(1976) 426
K. Smelik, BiOr 35(1978) 175
F. Franco, Mesopotamia, 13/14(1978/9)
246
J. Wohlstein, ZA 8(1893) 328 [corrected

66
DICTIONARY OF JEWISH BABYLONIAN ARAMAIC
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
lb., 2416
lb., 2426
IM 1149880 (18 N 18)
Mousaieff, Bowl 1
Moussaieff, Bowl 6
BM 135563
Moussaieff, Bowl 6
Moussaieff, Bowl 163
VA 2492
BM 91713
BM 91758
BM 91764
BM 91745
BM 91742
BM 127396
BM 01760
BM 91707
BM 103359
BM 91735
BM 91776
BM 91729
BM 91771
BM 91767
BM 91763
BM 103357
BM 91770
BM 108820
BM 103360
BM 103355
BM 108819
Moussaieff, Bowl 2
Schoyen Coll.,
Ms. 1928/47
Moussaief, Bowl 2
from parallels]
Wohlstein, ZA 9(1894) 11 [corrected
from parallels]
Wohlstein, ib. 27; 121 [corrected from
parallels]
[unpublished; courtesy of E. Hunter; v.
Studia Aramaica 61+]
Sh. Shaked, JSQ 2(1995) 207-211
Shaked, ib. 211-216
Ch. Miiller-Kessler & Th. Kwasman,
JAOS 120(2000) 159-165; CAMIB 49A
Sh. Shaked, AMD1 188
D. Levene, JSQ 6(1999) 283-308
Unpublished [v. Ch. Miiller-Kessler, loc.
cit.]
CAMIB 1A
CAMIB 2A
CAMIB 4A
CAMIB 5A; CH. Gordon, OrNS
10(1941) 339-340 [v. AMB 136]
CAMIB 19A
CAMIB 21A
CAMIB 24A
CAMIB 28A
CAMIB 33A
CAMIB 35A
CAMIB 36A
CAMIB 37A
CAMIB 39A [v. Ch. Miiller-Kessler
BSOAS 61 (1999) 113]
CAMIB 40A
CAMIB 41A
CAMIB 42A
CAMIB 43A
CAMIB 45A
CAMIB 46A
CAMIB 48A
CAMIB 66A
Sh. Shaked, AMD1 192
Shaked, ib. 193
v. Shaked, Study 180
SOURCES
67
2. Texts
HM Y. Harari, npnai nimn mTra ,nWOT xmn {The Sword of Moses, A New
Edition and Study), Jerusalem 1997 23-47
HMGas M. Gaster(ed.), rKPBT Nam (Sword of Moses), in Studies and Texts in
Folklore ... and Samaritan Archaeology, III, New York 1971 (reprint)
69-104
V. Masoretic Texts
BMs Y. Ofer, n'DITl rTTYUTlpj; ,7\f]rb n'^aan rmo»n (The Babylonian
Masora of the Pentateuch, its Principles and Methods), Jerusalem 2001
BMsJer Babylonian Masora on Jeremiah, in I. Yeivin, EI 16(1982) 118+
BMSYFr I. Yeivin, OlVpJIN DirinVl XIpD1? ^33 WICK) "TO'TO y»p (A Fragment of
a Masoretic Treatise to the Pentateuch and Targum Onkelos), Yalon
Mem Vol 99 -163
STage Y Ratzabi (ed.), 'JXT1 "ISO, in Y. Kasher(ed.), naVw mm, 29 87-90

1
DICTIONARY

f
N
71
N
X
"N prep, on, before, concerning, by means of
(< "?X* < 4- by, w. doubling of fol. consonant; for
suf. forms -"Vy, v. 4- by-4- irnx, 'Xi3x, 'xisx
-a, "imx, 3jk, 'xiix, h xnyix, xsnx, 'iinx
[I Tin], x"nx, 'T"x, xs'^x, xa"?x conj., 'xax,
Vibbx, disx [4- xbib], Tpisx, -x mm 't») I.
alone: 1. on, upon: xmn max im '"?pl roast
them [i.e. the olive stones] upon a new spade AZ
28a(30); 'xa oiop'Vi xs'jai xu '3X 3'rr mm
WlVl X3'X1 he was sitting on the royal treasury.
Let him divine what is under him Git 68b(36);
'ynXX mmriX place it on the ground ib. 24a(16);
XJWI1X n'T niX he placed his hand on the siphon
AZ 72b(27); I'J'yX XT 3T11X he placed a hand on
his eye Men 64b(32); DTim xpimx Dp he stood
on the irrigation device (to imitate trembling) and
signed BB 167a(31); 'aXI H'SIDX rvb '1X11 IXaD
it is considered as if he is carrying it on his
shoulder Meg 8a(19); TO1 'IHX H3D1X he
mounted it upon two horses Ket 55b(7); Qid
75a(35); Hul 57a(35); H'SXX "?M (the ox) fell
face downward [lit. on its face] BQ 53a(13); 2.
by, at: X'yiZttX '1 '31 xy"?'pX XWXp m,1 XPlrU I
was standing in pain at the chamber of PN's
house Ber 22a(59); BM 84b(24); BB 58a(7);
X33X 'X133 3'T1'1 he sat outside by the door Ned
91b(13); X33X '»'p Tin they used to stand at the
door BM 84b(24); X33X PTX 'IXp '3 when
someone cries out at the door (to be admitted)
Sab 140b (30); Xi'1 I'l'Vl X33X 3'n'1? let him sit
at the gate and judge the case BB 58a(35); 3.
concerning, with respect to, because of: X3'X
X':m XHX m '3nai there is (someone) who
transmits it concerning what is learnt (in a
barraita) Bes 24a(46); IBTl'X XB10X IBJl'X 'X it
was only said with respect to the final clause ib.
13b(26); 1J1'3 3Tin pSD"11 XpPX GN was
destroyed because of a shaft of a carriage Git
55b(52); 4. by means of: 1131 xnirmx Xian m>131
Til XWU all the wine is drawn out by means of
the siphon and the small siphon AZ 72b (32); 5.
according to: X^pJl 1013X XD'3'3 a fe.-fish
weighs according to (the size of) its stomach BM
79b(31); 3T7X ~\VS1 'i1312?a 1> XT30 xb 31113'»
"]"? naV since you are not of PN's opinion, why do
you want to pledge yourself according to PN's
opinion? BQ 106a(27); II. as a verbal
complement: a. 4- V"?3X itpe.: to mourn over
s.o./s.t.; b. 4- Vl#"7TX pe., mng. II. 1: to have
sexual intercourse; c. 4- V"p3 pa., mng. 2b: to
recite a blessing over s.t.; d. 4- Vlin pa., mng. 1;
itpa., mng. 2: to search for s.t.; e. 4- ^3in itpa.,
mng. Id: to be liable for s.t.; f. 4- V?in pe., usage
b: to take effect on s.t.; g. 4- VpTn af, mng. 3; to
take possession from s.o.; h. 4- VlE/n pe.,
pass.part., usage b: to be suspect concerning s.t.;
i. 4- Vtftfn pe., mng. 4: to take s.t. into
consideration; j. 4- V'SO pa., mng. 1: to increase
s.t.; k. 4- Vl#*]1D pe., mng. 1: to bang on s.t.; 1.
4- VT13 af., usage b: to proclaim concerning s.o.;
m. 4- Vt3V7 pe., usage b: to curse s.o.; n. 4- Vino
af., mng. lb: to testify about s.t.; o. 4- V"|BD pe.,
mng. 3: to rely upon s.o.; p. 4- Vl3y pe., mng. 3:
to transgress s.t.; q. 4- VlVs pe., mng. 6: to differ
over s.t.; r. 4- VlpS pa., mng, 3: to give a last
testament to s.o.; s. 4- Vmp pe., mng. 11.15: to
understand; t. 4- Vmp af., mng. II. 1: to reduce in
size or quantity; u. 4- VlSp pe., usage lb: to be
particular about s.t.; v. 4- Vl#'1p pe., mng. 7: to
apply a biblical verse to s.o.; w. 4- V'BI pe., mng.
9: to impose upon s.o.; mng. 11: to attribute to
s.o.; x. 4- V2#'in af., mng. b.l: to stipulate
concerning s.o.; III. in idiomatic expressions: a.
4- Vl#1in itpa., mng. 3 + Xnri'SX: to beg; b.

3K
T
72
1#K3K
T -
4- VarP pe., mng. 9a + TIT to invest in s.t.; c.
4- VlDB pe., mng. 4 + "PSJ: to risk one's life for
s.t.; d. 4- V1?1?? pe., mng. l.d.2 pTITX p'BJl b»y]: to
repeatedly seek out money; 3. in var. phrases: a.
"X "Jiyi aware, conscious: I XJiyi mng. lb; b.
"X mm 'TB analogous to: 4- XTB II. conj.; c.
"WBJX upon oneself: 4- Xtfs: mng. 6.C.1; d. 'Wp
"X difficult for s.o.: 4- '2?p adj., mng. 4b
Lit: Eps, Gr 132+, rejects the etym. from Akk ana proposed by
E. Perles [v. OLZ 21(1918) 65+]. The form [n'33 -] 7T3X which
appears in DSS [v. 13W» n'3K Mur 42:4] and in MH [v. Eps,
MNM 1258+] is unrelated to the present entry [v. Kut, Studies
67; 238, w. prev. lit.]; Voc: KBTW VTM 68.
3N n.m. Av, the eleventh month (Sy vsjiV LS 1,
Ma 2#3X MD 1) sg. XJ'1 m1? Jl'XI VxiBP 13 'Xn
3X3 '11 '1.13 a Jew who has a lawsuit with a pagan
in Av Tan 29b(2); 3X1? n'1? ponBI pB'T
sometimes they diminish /lv (to twenty-nine
days) Bek 58a(20); RH 2b(35); »6. 3a(18); BM
83b(50)
Y: 3K Tan ib.
1#N3K, w. suf. "13N, pi. K71fl3K n.m. father,
common factor, pi. parents, forefathers (4- Jin'X
xsx, X3X ri'3, pax -a, xsx ra, 'nan xax '31; ta
X3X TO Gen 44:19 [GTO 83], Sy rd^.K',
"(OB', pi. K'^cfiijr*', rCoiiirc' LS 1, Ma X3X,
3#3X, "13X, pi. XTOnxax MD 1) sg.det. X3X San
104a(28); w. suf, lsg. 3X Yev 97b(ll) [cf. Sy
^t^, Ma 3X Nold, MG 175]; BB 159a(5); 2m.
•px Ber 13b(46); 3m. m3X Ket 61a(6); 'ni3X BQ
110b(18); HP 58:14; '13X Pes 13b(37); AnanSch
20:6; f. X.113X Tan 7a(54); max Ber 18b(45); lpl.
pax Ber 18b(14; P); Ket 92a(15; V*); XJ13X BM
34b(10); S&W 265b:18; p!3X Pes 31a(14); 2m.
13iax Pes 31a(22); p313X Yev 37b(39); f. pl3X
Bo 9:4; 3m. ini3X Zev 6a(8); pni3X Tan 21a(45);
pl.det. xnmx BB 31a(27); w. suf, lsg. 'J1.13X Tan
23a(45); 'XA13X HP 89:14; 2m. 1fln3X San
46b(58); f. '3'Jin3X SSHai 3a(ll); 3m. .TAiax
BB 169a(19); lpl. ]A13X Pes 50b(51); j'A13X 55
7a(47); XilTOX So 82:8; 2m. 13'Tin3X Pes
50b(52); 3m. ITJimx Meg 15a(l); pnA13X Ned
37b(5);-1. father, sire: a. general: 1) people: sg.
X13 '3TB XV X3X Xax '3TB X13 a son confers merit
to a father. A father does not confer merit to a
son San 104a(28); BQ 88b(45); Hut 44b(29);
'nxi IX X3X1 (is she the creditor) of the father or
of the brothers? Ket 69a(36); |XB ni3X p'yi' 'a
X1H do we know who his father is? Yev 100b(17);
Qid 3ib(43); xa"?n3 m"? 'tnxi'x max xnx his
father came (and) appeared to him in a dream
Tan 24b(42); n'BXI max Tj7ia X"?T X131 Xinn a
certain man who was not honoring his father and
mother Hul 110b(3); H13X |B mnx his paternal
brother BB 159b(21); '3D T.1T 'XB3 m3X with
what (commandment) was your father
exceedingly careful? Sab 118b(54); XH13X p,1
Haman, her father Meg 16a(28); p!3X Dni3X
Abraham, their father Tan 21a(45); pi. lin V?'X
]'B"p ]'Jin3X if our fathers were still alive
TGHark 171:21; 2) animals: XIBn 'X.11 m3X
X'010 'X.11 .113X1 the sire of this one is a donkey.
The sire of that one is a horse Hul 79a(24); b. in
form X3X my/our father: 1) my father [Sy reijprc'
LS 1, JPA X3X DJPA 31, mng. l.b.2]: 'TlV
X3X1 TO'» "*? XPIS'a my father explained it to
me Er 80b(34); 'yiaj .T1? yBIB X3X my father
used to actually swallow it Pes 74b (44); X3X
Xin nXBI my father is a deceiver Meg 13b(8) //
BB 123a(39); '1XB X3X my father, my lord San
5a(28); Ber 29b(9); Gi( 35a(38); Qid 31b(45); 2)
our father: ]'iyx (')xna X3X yi' does our father
know of this suffering of ours? Ber 18b(14) [P:
]13X]; XID'B p 3.1 ,13X .13X our Father! Our
Father! Give us rain Tan 23b(37); 2. pi. parents:
Xnn3X 'j?tn3 in the parents' possession BB
31a(26); yu'1 pnnn3X the parents of the
children Ned 37b(5); SSHai 3a(12); 3. pi.
forefathers: 'A13X '"? "bfltn '3'n '3 just as my
forefathers planted (a carob tree) for me Tan
23a(45); 13Tin3X in'ty iV'Sp 133 your forefathers
already accepted (this) upon themselves Pes
50b(52; C); Ket 20a(14); BB 31a(8); iSGF
92:16; 4. common factor [Sy, PSm 5, mng. 2b]:
sg. D1 'nbiai pni3X the common factor of all of
them [i.e. the laws] is (that of) blood Sab
22a(30); 5. as a PN [Sy relsiK' PSm 5; v. Albeck,
Index 669+]: ^XlBBn H13X X3X 13 X3X Ber
18b(45); VxiBffl ni3X1 .113X X3X PN, PN2's
grandfather Pes 103a(4); 13 n'BT 3m m3X X3X
X3X Sab 56b(44)
On the doubling of the bet in K3K on analogy to XHK, v. Kut,
K3ST K3K
Words 2; Y: N3X Er 94a(6; BAYTN 98).
- K3NT N3N n.m. paternal grandfather (Ma
3X1 X3X MD 1) sg. m3X1 X3X your paternal
grandfather Er 21a(29); '13X1 X3X BB 47a(18);
X3X1 max Hul 49a(25); pni3X1 X3X Yev 62a(50);
HP5i:\5; N3X X3X Anan 120:3; Meg 12b(22; G)
- N»'K"T K3N n.m. maternal grandfather
(4- xa''x) sg. 'a'xi ni3x »pv» ma'xi xa'x 'xi
nn'a if his [i.e. Phineas'] maternal grandmother
is from Joseph, (then) his maternal grandfather is
from Jethro Sot 43a(16); BB 110a(l); max 'BX
3m XBPB la'XT your maternal grandfather said
in the name of PN San 8a(48) // Hul 93a(43);
AnanSch 18:15
2#N3K, K3JT n.m. thicket, forest (< X3V;
4- Vl#'3y; Sy <<A-L LS 514; cf. Ma 1#X3X
darkness MD 1) sg. rX3X" X3y H'1? mn '©X 3T
X'A'»3 PN had a thicket in GN MQ 12b(34)
[double rdg.]; Ned 62b(9); X3(niy .T1? mn x:in 3T
Xinm XTUX PN had a thicket along the bank of
the canal BM 107b(49) [F'Es: X3X]; KIITI! X3X a
thicket (of) z.-reeds Ket 79a(36); H3X mai miB
XJ"I3 n'1313 1?,T,,7 out of the forest itself it [i.e. the
handle] will go into the ax (to cut down the
forest) San 39b(40)
Expl. RaH: p "vVntJ DytJl D'jpt Vn3 '31? OHR Ket 60:2; Lit:
Nold, MG 582; Y: X3S BM 107b(49; BAYTN 133).
3#N3N n.m. growing fruit (TA X3X TO Gen
4:3, Sy rcAr? LS 1, Ma X'3'3y pi. MD 340) sg.
m3X3 y"?nx xm xn n'3X3 y"?xixn xn this (refers)
to where it became wormy in its fruit growing
phase (and) that to where it did not become
wormy in its fruit growing phase Hul 67b(8)
[* 4- XTS mng. l.b. 12: fruit picked from the tree]
Y: 3'3K Hul ib.
DN3N n.m. loan (< MP abam CPD 1 [cf. NP
warn PED 1453]) sg. HTtVtn [m1?] XJami
[oxjxi :text] Dxaxi main Vd y(3n)nsia17 we have
given him permission to claim all debts and
loan(s) GS 296:2; ib. 37:11!; TGAs28 29:18;
XJVh (D>(D)X3X nxpa part of our loan Agur
17:10; ib. 13
Expl. H: rmta Agur 17:14; Lit: Ginzberg, G§2 632.
1#13S, miK vb. to be lost, perish (4- Xm3X,
1#13N
Vl30; Sy zuprt LS 1, Ma 3# 13X, mx MD 3) Pe.
(a/ ) 1. to be lost: 'TIT XD^X 13X x"?jai xnp 13X
(if) the handle of the sickle was lost, the
thousand zuzim were (also) lost BM 82a(16) [Var:
mn xs'jx ixix xVjbt xnp ixix HP 76:13]; xmx
X:ff'n3 ]13X before they are lost, I search (for
them) Sab 152a(10; Ar [AC 2:37]) [v. Af]; pon
'axi 111XT ]Xa3 a deficiency (in the incense) is
as if it was lost Zev 110a(15); piXTI X31BB 111X1
PN's money was lost TGHark 111:35; pass.part.
xnayT xa'Vjs x:ri3T xcjin n'b tixt |xa one who
lost a linen thread in a wool garment Nid 61b(21;
HGP 53b: 18); ib. 271:24; 277:36; 278:6; 'XI
T1X IX 3'11'B if it is stolen or lost HP 83:7; 2. to
perish, die: psrittB x"71 paXT by bin woe for
the ones who perish and are not found [i.e. who
have died and cannot be replaced] San 11 la(37);
m'Vi in'"?y 'am txb '-\ 'ys mn PN was praying
concerning them that they should die Ber 10a(7)
[F: iniB'm]; xaty ]B VT3X (the demons) perished
from the world Bo 10:7; ib. 94:12; 3. w. mb to lose
s.t: mw 'jryb p'Voi nans m1? xisxt t^bt
sometimes he loses an animal, and he ascends
(the date palm) to look for it AZ 61a(20); ]XB
'TB mri'3 ]ti rvb mXT someone who lost
something from his house TGHark 161:23; 111X1
X1I3C? Xinn n'1? he lost that document SSSad
235:9; 4. w. "'iV'y KflVy to become faint: p'3
'"?xa x'rp] mo'a mib'y xa"?y (i)nnixi since he
became faint (from the heat of the bath) he is
incapacitated and cannot pray TGDr49 94:3
Pa. 1. to lose s.t.: n'13X1 m1?!1? n'plDT Xmi
mnnsab a man who locked his door and lost his
key San 113a(58); 2. to destroy: miH3XT "p 'TO
inbiab do you want me to destroy all of them? Git
57b(17)
Af. to lose s.t.: XWna (]naix xm@(I7)y before I
lose (something), I search (for it) Sab 152a(10)
[v. Pe., mng. 1]; nBXT T31B xp 'maiXT 131B
T31X pT 'Ett'X (it is) a seller who indeed loses.
As people say: "(If) he has sold, he has lost" BM
51a(31)
Itpe., w. -V, p to lose s.t.: '3 Xtf3m n'V mri'X
'm (PN) lost a large intestine in the storehouse of
jars Hul 95b(39); ib. 41; 43; '31 mnJlSB n'1? IIJI'X
Xirrm (PN) lost the keys of the school Yev
73

2#13N
74
T?S
113b(40; Geon 337:8) [4- Vo31 itpa., mng. 2];
//GJ 65:20; iTKS ITUl'S HP 43:29
The phrase '(IMIIIIX '3 Ar [AC 1:47] in an unclear popular
saying is explained by RaH as O'laTKil ]'3 [v. Ar, op.cit.]; Lit:
Eps, Stl 6074; S. Friedman, AS 9(1981) 1632.
2# 13N I Vl3J? Vb.
n.f. havdala, a prayer recited to mark
the end of the Sabbath or a festival (< MH2
nViax J 2; 4 Vna af.) sg. xrvrnxi mrvp qiddus
and havdala Sab 69b(35); Tan 24a(46); Ned
49b(33); Ate 3b(31); Pes 113a(30); 'jn'13 "?'l
XJT713X1? KT1T H'b perhaps he needs a z«z (to buy
wine) for havdala BM 42a(31)
Y: XflVpx Tan ib.(BAYTN 280)
KJVJ3N n.f. lost object (4 Vl#13X; TA xfiT3X
TO Ex 22:8, Sy nf&ru^K', Nest «'&xjpr<' LS 2)
sg. X1TT3X1 xV73 the rule concerning a lost object
bm 23a(49); xry myaca xrrax n,!? nnnx'i? to
return a lost object to him on general impression
ib. 24a(2); HOblib XD13X '113X1 ]JX 'XD1S IX1? we
are not Persians who say: "A lost object (belongs)
to the king" ib. 28b(13); 20; Hul 95b(46)
Y: xrrrQfl BA/ 24a(2; BAYTN 178)
'1.138 4 '1,13 prep.
K313N*, abs. 313N n.m. flute (TA X313X TO Gen
4:21 [GTO 482], Sy rKL^cy^r? LS 1, Ma X213HX
MD 21) sg.abs. 1!3I 'in1? 313X (the sound of) a
flute is music for nobles Yom 20b(17)
Y: 313X Yom ib.(BAYTN 65)
[NP3TI13N 4- xpnrax n.]
l#NVl3N n.m. city gate (< Akk abullu CAD
A/1 82, AIOA 32; 4- nx"?13X, XV|3XT X23; TA
Xfi'9l3X pi. TJ Jer 50:26, Hat "?13X DNWSI 5, Pal
■?3X PAT 334, Sy Kiic^K' LS 2, Ma xVlSX MD
3) sg. xis'o iy x^iaxa i3i 'X"m ]wd if, for
instance, the men form a partition from the city
gate to the ... Ket 17a(48) // Meg 29a(9); pi.
'"713X 10@'1T1 twelve city gates San 96b(16); 'in
Xnnm '"713X the city gates of GN Er 6b(9); i&
22; Yom lla(ll)
Geon. expl.: pwtol ... '313,1 1313 MBS piprfr 711X130 Vb mj>n
miTll 'rxynw Ar [OHP Er 85:19], i.e. vjj^ alleys; Y: X^3X
BB 58a(35; BAYTN 66).
2# *6l3K, pi. '^13N n.m. member of the city
council (nisbe-fovm deriv. < PooVf| city council
Lehnw 140; cf. Pal X*713 PAT 346, DNWSI 147,
rdAcu^ ls 62) sg. xdVb '3i rwi xV'Va 'ai xinn
'1'DIBD'XXI '"713XX a certain payment of the
coronation tax which the royal officials imposed
upon the members of the city council and the
strategoiBB 143a(39; P1); TDIDO'Xl XJbs '"713X
XjVs half upon the members of the city council
and half upon the strategoi ib; 41; 43
n.m. perh. gate watchman (nisbe-foxm
< I l#xVl3X) pi. "X"713X Nid 67b(20; MHP
136:19)
First opinion of Rashi; Y: 'K^ ib.(BAYTN 322).
[tWJTDK 4 pn3Xl adj.]
*U"T3N, K3"TBK, N3'TBN n.m. buckle (< Mir
*abzen [cf. NP awzln PED 120, > Arab ^JJI
Wehr 57; JNA X31T3X 'avzuna HDJNA s.v;
4 XJ"T3, TITIS X'Vd) pi. T'I3X Sab 57b(22; Ar
[AC 1:1]) [expl. MH TlSDiB Mib. 6:1; Van 'J"TSX
O.Ar (AC 1:209); TTBX TRN 594:4]
Lit: Geig, AAC 1, s.v. ,ax; Y: XJ'TOX BAYTN 305.
X133T3N n.m. bath attendant (< MP *abzangar
[< MP abzan bath + -gar actor suffix CPD 4];
4 mm) pi. xnfa iz/xi '3i 'ijj<xT>nx}3x the bath
attendants of the exilarch's house MQ 12b(17; HP
179:12)
Lit: Eps, GC 8912.
[JlpTSK 4 Vpt3 af]
N1T3K, N1P3N n.m. appurtenance (< MP
abzar#\ instrument, spice CPD 4, > Arab jtjji
spices Fr, AF 37, PLAr 3) pi. in'1T3X "?31 1,13'X
they [i.e. the seven Noahide commandments] and
all their appurtenances San 74b (25); ^Sl 1*715/
xmt3X a burnt offering and all its appurtenances
Men 73b(34; P2Ar [AC 1:5])
Geon. expl.: Ipllpll pnrBl \7i?V tfnm p TGWeisz 80:7; Lit:
Geig, AAC 2; Tel 1. The mng. spice is not found in JBA and
the Geon. expl. is based on its use also in Judeo-P [v. AAC ib.];
Y: W"1I3K San ib.
[KB3N I XDDX n.]
'3K 4- Visy
p'3N 4- ]T3X '3 n.
1T'3N, "INT'3K adj. free, released (< MP abezar
nnrgN
CPD 3; 4 n'1T'3X) sg.m. w. V'Tltfr pa. to release
from an obligation: n'n'pJl rprVHSl mri'X31
mra mm'1? pi 'ris1? nxt'3x rrrrwi I have
cleared it, quit its claim, cleansed it, and released
it concerning this NN and his heirs (who will
come) after him SSHai 5a(7); ib. 5b(7); SSSad
202b:13; 'Vy3 mm S"3 'S TV Tl'W 'WSJ 'OXaT
xn'ap xrunai x'inii -im» "73a ixt'sx of my own
free will I have released NN, who was my
husband, from all mohar, dowry, and former gift
TGAs33 210:18; ib. 20
n'"!T'3N, n'1NT'3K n.f. quittance, release
(< MP *abezareh [< abezar + abstract suf -eh
CPD 3; MPar *abecar without obligation];
4 "ir3X; Sy K'Av=r<', rc'AU? LS 65) sg.
W1? TO'rDT nnXT'SXl the quittance that I drew up
for him S$Hai 17a(5); ib. 9a(17); "IB© H'1? n'31131
]n nni'3X ib. 5b(2); 11; 6b(2); 16b(14); SSSad
263:16; Geon 182:13; ib. 251:7; TGHark 166:27;
j6. 167:4; PDFMP 391:12; ib. 604:2
For the text of this document, v.: SSHai 22+; Merx 16+; for a
H version ['IX'B IBB], v. PDFMP 275; Lit: S.M. Stern, JJS
15 [1964] 141+; Shaked, BiOr 45(1988) 159; Greenfield [& I.
Gershevitch], Greenfield, AKY 500+.
t6'3N n.m. mourner (1VV3X; Sy kIL^jk' LS
2,*Ma'l#xV'3y MD 340, Arab jJ Fr, AF 270)
sg. xb'SX '3 the house of the mourner MQ
27b(38) // BB 116a(17; F2H!); Sot 35a(31)!
[4 V4# n3 af.]
Y: *6'3X MQ ib.(BAYTN 164)
NniV'SN n.f. mourning (4- V"?3X; LJLA xni"?'3X
TLam 2:5, Sy rc'&o \ ; -pr^ LS 2) sg. JTO XSJX3
'JVYJ'SX mm X1? XS^X X^3 Xm^SX in her
presence [i.e. when she is a mourner] practice
mourning. Not in her presence do not practice
mourning Ket 4b(25) // MQ 20b(38); HP 16:14
Y: Knfc'3K Ket ib.(BAYTN 175)
[N30'3N I X3DDX n.]
blH vb. to mourn (4 X^'SX, XmV'aX, x"73X; Sy
Ajpry LS 2, Ma V3X MD 4) Pe.: "?13X x"?T DTOB
D^iyiT "?5? because they did not mourn for GN Git
57a(43); pass.part. ]im3'V3 I'V'aX mourning in
their hearts Bo 71:7
Itpe/a. id. [w. by, "X over s.o./s.t.]: rVsX'V let
them mourn San 47b(10); H'^y V'SXna Xpl 3'H'l
K33K
he was sitting and mourning over him [i.e. the
infant] Sab 136a(47); DfoPVTX XaV'SXH XpT I am
mourning over GN BQ 59b(3) [Var: x£tfx'»
HGP 16a: 18]; i& 4; Tan 22a(20)
V3N conj. but, however (< LBH, MH "73X HAL
1) ft xi,!? 'tis m "?3X 'Ttt m x"?t xVx ]nax x"?i
n3 we only said this in a case where he does not
carry anything. But (if) he carries something
there is no objection to it Ber 8b(29); ib. 25a(26);
Er 29b(l); Pes 105a(14); Meg 19a(56); Git
74a(37); BM 29b(45); AZ 28a(43); Men 31b(6);
Hul 53a(44); X1?! 1»X "?3X n'31 ,T^ WapT D1B«5
X1H XaVys X713H X»'X »nSX because he retains
it with him. But (if) he made a statement and did
not put it aside, say: It is merely speech RH
6a(23); D'SI if? 'Om XpT X3'n V3X but where the
public treads on it Er 8a(32); Yom 2b(10); Bes
4a(40); Yev 9b(8); Sot 26b(18); BB 6a(36); Svu
41a(2); Zev 49a(35); Kar 19a(23); //P 47:7; i&
81:14; 88:3; 112:4; TG/Zarfc 34:13; ib. 38:26;
84:16; 103:31; 162:2; 188:37; TGAs42 30:3; it
103:3; Geon 28:11; Z?GF 32:8; ib. 44:20; 73:18;
f? TDX tni nnVm XS^n "?3X but milk which
pagans milked is forbidden to us Anan 3:10; ib.
16:19; 23:12; 41:13; 57:13; 79:12; 108:9; 117:16
The common occurrence of this word in Anan shows
conclusively that this is a lw. where it frequently occurs in JBA
in entirely A contexts. For a discussion of the similar syntax of
this word in MH, v. Azar, Syntax 272+.
n.m. mourning (1 V"73X; TA X?3X TO Gen
5o':io, Sy rdiLarf LS 2, Ma X'Vay pi.
lamentations MD 340) sg. mV3X «v>pm the
mourning for him [i.e. Moses] was grievous MQ
21a(36)
Y: a'£>& MQ ib.(BAYTN 73)
pBrfraK 4 xtifox n.]
N33X n.f. stone, rock (TA X33X TO Gen 28:18,
Sy rcL=,r? LS 3, Ma X33X MD 4) 1. stone: sg.
BQ 53a(47); Hul 18a(4) [of the altar]; pi. '33X
XJ13131 '32X1 xmDH small stones and large
stones Tarn 26b(24); ]"B»» X"?T '33X unsmoothed
stones BB 3a(42) [expl. MH b'13. Mib. 1:1]; '33X
T'DtfOT smoothed stones ib. [expl. MH Jl'tJ
Mib.]; 'SDXT '33X stones of ... BB 69a(2) [expl.
MH TOlff yVD wam Mib. 4:8]; H33X its [i.e. the
75

J72X
76
xnmaN
T t ; ■* -:
property's] stones SSHai 6a(5); 2. rock: sg. XJ3X
xVniDT stibnite rock Qid 12a(37); pl.cs. 'J3X
X-W-ffll X©'© X7ril3 rocks of stibnite, i.-marble,
and w.-marble Suk 51b(24); BB 4a(24)
Y: X33K BQ 53a(47; BAYTN 74).
[xtusk i xm n.]
ySN vb. to hurry (< jny* w. dissim. -y-y >
-5?-X; QA jny ATTM 651, TA y3X af., itpe. J 182
[s.v. yy3!]) Af. to bring quickly: '7l"l y3"l
in -\2 Xrwa1? may He quickly bring the
Messiah, the son of David iSGF 122:1
Lit: Fitzmyer, GAp 127 [etym.].
j?3K, j?HN, j?1iy vb. to attach, cling, embrace
(4- Xnp3X, Vpsn; QA psy ATTM 662, Sy
«n -i u, .n«\ \ to embrace, cling LS 212, 539,
Ma pBX MD 32) Pe. (e/): a. in a physical sense:
p3'a trf? p'3Xl vf? 7"yai he inserts them [i.e. the
fringes into the hole of the garment] and firmly
attaches them Men 42a(28); ib. 31; 'B Xp3[Xl]
mia nnai the opening of his penis clings to it
[i.e. the discharged fluid] Anan 44:19; pass.part.
Trrbpm rPXinx p'IXT (the get) was attached to
his loin, and she took it Git 78a(31; HG2 157:50)
[Var: plXl OHT ib. 195:27; ,Tnm il'7 p'lyi
OHR ib. 50:5; ,TS"in(3) ,T7 p'(l)n)Xl ib. 8 (v.
Geon. comm., infra)]; b. esp. of idolatry: "IJ13
m lp'3Xl after they embraced it San 63b(53; K)
[He: ip'31X1]; ib. 64a(6); H3 p'3Xl X1H p3'!31
T"y3 he is firmly attached to idolatry AZ 14b(8);
ib. 9; 10; 17a(55); 33a(l; J)
RaH [usage a): pTVD VlKto pm BJrt ,TTO ]1J3 OHR ib. 8; Lit:
Eps, Stl 76.
Nj?3N n.m. dust (TA Xj?3!< TO Dt 28:24[GTO
503], Sy rc'fi-.rc' LS 3) sg. '031 xp3X p'70 mn
xai'V n'7 the dust used to rise up and conceal the
sun Ket 106a(24); Qid 70b(32); "3X1 XJ1BX 'Xin
1'03<1>{&} Xp3X XJ1X1 Vsn I saw (in a dream) that
PN's residence collapsed, and dust (from it) came
and covered me Ber 56a(47); Yom 87a(44); BB
24b (40)
Y: Xj?3X Ket ib.(BAYTN 74)
XTipiX, pi. NTINpaN n.f. socket, loop (4 Vp3X)
1. socket: sg. Er llb(19) // Men 33a(7) [of a
lintel; expl. MH TS 13'H ib.]; 2. loop: pi. XTlXp3X
if? Jl'X (the whip) had loops (to adjust its length)
Mak 23a(19); XJip3X3 'piBXl '7l'y VXT\
(regarding) the rf.-bed, there is inserting in and
out (of the ropes) in the loops San 20b (7) //
'nxp3X3 Ned 56b(17)
Geon. expl.: Tin 13W IBj? 013 ]'B3 Vl3 '^3 TIB'WU XnpX
nVin nS'OOl GC 20:6 [expl. MH ,ims MKel 11:2]; >pj?»Bn Wn
fl7in TI 13 )'0'J3BB? OHP Er 87:12 [mng. 1]; nyiST py1? ]31
'Bio TT3 '3 nyix-in nx P'»bw oipo m tvk xnxpx mj?7B b»
XTXj? K3J B1B7 n? P)'Bp7» T>3 '31 X3'TX X317 ,17 'j?B» rf? Ar
[AC 1:16] [mng. 2]; Lit: Klengel, Hausgerate 294; Krauss, TAr
1:338494; ib. 395141; AAC 5, w. lit.; Y: Xripx Er llb(19;
BAYTN 47).
13K prep, on top of (< MP abar#\ on, over CPD
i; 4- XTirax, pnax, u>rrx&, n3xa) xrc? n3X xan?
clay on top of clay Tom 29a(5; OHT ib. 15:7);
'p7lll 13X3 with the sacks on top (of the ass) Sab
154b(25; RaH) [= Ar (AC 3:337, s.v. i n3ri)];
WTUm W)inx 'TC>(1)X3 in the cracks (of the
wheat) one on top of the other Pes 40a(2; OHT
ib. 41:6)
Geon. expl.: 31 ty W1TB1XVI 'DIB ]W73 13X OHT Yom 15:8;
,1^878 B'pBH 71X 1'lllXW 0'73n 'p71J T3X GnK5 170:21; RaH:
rbyo'l XW1 Xp^XlM 13X 183 I'Oia p 13X ]W^8; Lit: Eps, OHT
Pes ib.\
- "13X13 prep, outside of w. suf. XinST X3Xa
nn3@xa 3T H'3 yAJl a clay vessel which a
gonorrheal man touched on its outer side Anan
48:18 [* mi1?]; i& 21
NISN, N1S3N, Niay n.m. lead (I X13XT S'»;
TA X13X TO Ex 15:10, Sy k4-4'«' LS 3, Ma
l#XnX3X MD 1, Akk abaru A CAD A/1 36) sg.
X13X3 ni'DDI Kinn nn» place it in a kettle and
cover it with lead Yom 69b(26) // X1X3X3 San
64a(17); X13X3 nO'KStJD'1?! let him close it up
with lead Sab 66b(40); Git 19a(40) [used as ink;
v. infra]; X13XT1 X^HDT Xmain a bead of iron
and lead HM 43:24; XIS'XT X0D a plate of lead
ib. 44:15; flo 21:10; by [X13X -] X13y '3 '3'JTI
n,3''^ be situated like lead on his heart ib. 142:4
[cf. Ma ]1,TX3'7 Vy X1X3X MD 1]
Geon. expl.: !OX3X fl'l KP3X XI'] 'BJTflBT '3 mBiy KTX3X OHT
Git 32:8 [v. TO Num 31:22]; 3TD1 X1X3XT XpO'B VpBT K1X3X
NrfrlBS ib.; Y: X13X K)m ib.
'N^SN 4- 'X13 adv.
T - -
NITTOK n.m. tower (4 13X; cf. NP barwara,
NanaK
77
asK
warwara, etc. upper chamber, gallery PED 180,
1465) pi. 'TXnaXI 'pClp palaces and towers Sab
Ua(8; OAr [AC 1:17]); 'ma TCI miT3X3 they
[i.e. the different sized wine flasks] were placed
one on top of the other [lit. as towers, in order to
balance the load] BB 24b(3) [v. RaH (AC 1:18)]
Geon. expl.: X'B J>1B X'B tyj' Kim 'DIB BOX OnXTOX TGDr
144:15, i.e. Arab .^ JjJ .^ Ji«; expl. Ar: riBW 'mi3X
XW 'DIB IW^l Tyn OHP Sab 4:33; Lit: Geig, AAC 334, s.v.
-a-B; Tel 2; Y: nypX BB ib.(BAYTN 245).
KSnaN n.f. Nile fish (< dppauic; Lehnw 7; Sy
, ^ . >^-i -..• BAli 1:93) sg. xn» xan3X the
Nile fish is permitted Suk 18a(36; E2)
Geon. expl.: mB XTI1 ]T\ 'IP 'W^3 OH Suk 110:23; Lit: Low,
Fauna 13; Y: XBV13X Suk ib.
"l^liaN, Jl&naN n.m. a dish made of flour,
honey, and oil (etym. unkn.; 4- XS'3fl) sg. Xfia'p
-|En-|3X 'Tayi Xni^ai X»3m flour, honey, and oil
which are prepared as an '.-dish Ber 37a(26)
Geon. expl.: I'^BSBI ]mx pnyn W311 n^lOT yOWOW ]0V l'X'3B
-\W-QK mix I'-lipi XlTp f'3n int imx TGWeisz 89b:15 [Var.:
WTQX HG1 93:14]; Lit: AAC 6, s.v. 'XP3X; Tel 4; Shaked
[orally] accepts Henning's opinion that this is not MP 'plwsk.
]'naN n.m. saddle covering (< MP *abarzen on
top of the saddle [< abar#\ on top of [4- 13X]
+ zenWl saddle CPD 99]; cf. MP maskabarzen
royal pavilion CPD 55; I 2#XI"I3) sg. Xnp'ya
1'T"I3X XXlltfn XDWa originally a hide, now a saddle
covering BQ 66b(32)
Geon. expl.: X310X 'lVy 11WT X3»» 'B p"B 1"3B D'^S] H3Xiyn
xnp X333 b's: xim j'nsx xim x<i)»nu n"B3 ibbi gc 69:8,
i.e. Sjii- wrap, covering; RaH: ]lwV31 JB'BB H03B XWl I'nax
]'n3X nxnp: 'DIB OHR BQ 68:6; Lit: Geig, AAC 314, s.v.
23Xy; Y: l'n3X BQ ib.(305).
Dit^naN n.m. silk (< MP abresom CPD 4; Sy
•pcix-.-i^n' LS 3, Ma DXWI3X, QTOn3X MD 5)
sg. mtnaxi Xmiin silk trade TGHark 277:12;
TRN573-.T
Geon. expl.: 4- ltXIptfU.
D'3"iai< adv. partially (roasted) (< MP abar nem
half way Geig, AAC 6; 4- "I3X prep.) sg.m. Pes
41a(33; V14) [quoted as a P word to expl. BH X3
Ex 12:9]
Lit: Shaked, Food [forthcoming]; Y: 0'ri3X i'A.(BAYTN 305).
l#KmaN, NTUOaN n.f. thyme, wild
marjoram (< NP abar Nold, apud Flora 2:95;
4- pltfaiti) sg. Sab 128a(46) [expl. MH 31PX ib.];
AZ 29a(14) [in a medication]; ib. 16
Geon. expl.: 1T5? 'BB?' '^3, i.e. ^£ Artemisia herba alba Siggel
47. Lit: Low, Flora ib.; Pfl 135: not to be equated w. Sy
K'iiT-=.K' LS 3; Y: XfTOX Sab ib.(BAYTN 169).
- Jan "13 NmaN n.f. a plant (etym. unkn.) sg.
Sab 109b(ll) [expl. MH 31TX Lev 14:4]
The mng. of 1BH 13 is unkn.; Lit: Low, Flora 2:95.
- aan 13 Nni3N n.f. a plant (etym. unkn.;
4- xnrn xna, pitfaitf) sg. Sab I09b(ii) [expl.
MH ]i'3iT'X M§ab 14:3]
The mng. of J1113 is unkn.; Lit: Low, Flora 2:95.
2#Nm3K4-2#Xm3n.
Mltf3X, N3'ti>3N, N11^'3N, N3't^'3N n.m.
roasted ears of grain (wheat or barley; etym.
unkn.) sg. X3W3XT X3Xn 'XPI a pitcher of roasted
ears of grain Pes 40a(ll) [V14: XJW3X]; Xnap
X3'W3XT flour of roasted ears of grain ib.
39b(40); TGAs42 161:6; Meg 7b(4)
Geon. expl.: XJ'»3X 'BTX yithl Bmy» ^B 'bpi GnK5 175:9;
'Ty»T p 'B'm p xnxs'BT 'bs'tn xn'nw x:w3x "b hgi
280:76; Y: X11B'3X Meg ib.(BAYTN 272).
NDB'aN n.m. sprouting of caper bush (etym.
unkn.; 4- 3#xmtf) pi. 'D1WK OHT Ber 85:24
Lit: Flora 1:324.
"in3N 4- -\m prep.
2JN prep, because of, by means of, on account
of, on top of, conj. because, since (< 3J + "X;
Ma X'3aXJX, X'3JXJX MD 5, Sy •-«\>-V y" LS
123; 4- l#XmiX, X3J, xmA) I. prep.: 1. upon:
n'3jx ana'ai rrynp'a1? •(? 'y3'x you should have
torn it [i.e. the document] and written upon it BM
18a(16); Ket 89b(39); mJX TUX MXV 11H XmiX^
in the evening they used to place the payment
upon it [i.e. the she-ass] Tan 24a(21); 2. because
of, on account of: 7l"a'X 31X because of their
(edible) pits Sab 29a(30); 31X 1,17- 7»7»» 7XiaB;
XIIB'T PN used to carry them (on the Sabbath) on
account of the bread ib. 143a(28); Bes 21b(22);
JVHpr 3JX because of his heavy weight Yev
105b(19); ypB ypBa n'DDn 31X nxnnn the lower
(membrane) will actually split because of its
softness Hul 56a(17); 1H3 WnVKtl WITD'WI 31X
he handles them because of their importance BM

"UN
78
N1UN
t ~:
21b(28); iT»S3 fU X1BE? 31X (PN) died on
account of religious persecution ib. 86a(6); im>D
Tin 31X all of them together ib. 99b(6); 3. by
means of, by virtue of: "|BD'BJ 31X by means of
your swiftness Sab 130b(34); 'ypipa 31X •fytfrVQ
n'1? 'IpX he transferred (potential) possession to
him of movable goods by virtue of real estate BB
44b(ll); ib. 77b(9); SSHai 2b(4); 31X ipnS'Vl
Vl'jnx let (the trees) be redeemed by virtue of
their field Ara 14a(44) // BB 72b(13); II. conj.
because, since: XVTU '"Ip'B 'DIB'Bt 31X because
(people) become filthy (from traveling, a person)
may sometimes go down (into the pool) Sab
8b(24); xaia m n'3© mnx tumi 3ix since
they gore each other they commonly have a
blemish Bek 25b(47); San 43a(37); Zev 35a(3);
AW 17a(44)
Y: 3?X Ber 2a(30; BAYTN 336).
T^N vb. to tie, bind (Ma T1X MD 5) Pe. a. lit.:
in1? T1X mm l"yx even though he ties them [i.e.
the attached branches] again Suk 13a(ll);
pass.part. 'X11B HBip XTlXi l"yx even though the
basket is 'tied from within' [i.e. is in the direction
of the private domain] Sab 91b(33); 'TJX yzVD
'XIIB the straps are tied from within ib. 92a(3);
Suk 13a(6); ib. 13b(3); b. fig.: pass.part. ]1'3
X'Bi 171011X3 n'3 XTlXi since she is bound to
him (by a levirate bond) she is like his betrothed
Yev 52b(3); ib. 58b(36); Ket 64a(24); Git 83b(16)
NTJN n.m. perh. carrying pole (etym. unkn.) sg.
XD3XO) raft xtixs rm xiixa vtvb x"7iH3 nn
let the ones who carry on a stick carry on a pole.
Let the ones who carry on a pole carry on (their)
shoulder Bes 30a(5); XT1X3 rm 'W (porters)
who were carrying on a pole BM 83a(25)
Geon. expl.: 1. BIB; 2. w'Tira Tfim Jlft JWUB O'Bro OHP
Sab 91:9. The mng. is taken from the context. Lit: Friedman,
BM VI:403+; Voc: X11X VTM 110; Y: xpx Bes ib.fBAYTN
74).
N^HN, N3NTJN n.m. Asa foetida (< NP
angudan PED 114; Sy nd.sx^K' LS 3, Arab
ul^l Siggel 17) sg. AZ 29a(14) [in a list of
spices]; X1X11XT Xip'y a root of Asa foetida HP
204:10 [cf. Sy rdjrtAnr'n pc'-ud^. PSmSup 2]
Geon. expl.: IXIJJX n"B3 X2X1JX TGHark 23:7; Lit: Fl, TMW
1:278; Flora 3:454; Pfl 36; Tel 6; Y: XJIIX AZ ib.(BAYTN 213).
NnSlJlN n.f. derision (4- Vmi) pi. pnriXBIlX
iSgf's&a
NrnAN, pi. NAN^N n.f. Aggada, Haggada
{< MH2 mix J 11; JPA mix DJPA 34) 1.
Aggada, homiletic story: sg. xrtV'B ID f? XB'V
XmiX3 speak to us on an Aggadic subject Tan
7a(25); BQ 60b(31); XmiX wn 1H3X "\ PN used
to expound the Aggada Sot 40a(33) [* 4- xnyatf
mng. lb]; Hul 92a(41); So/ 49a(37); 5a«
100a(47); Sab 89a(45); TmiX3 'D3 V'l go (and)
write in your Aggada ... Hul 60b(29); ib. 26; pi.
San 38b(52); '»p xnxiix moa mm pama xinn
a certain one of the scholars who used to recite
the Aggadot before him Suk 53a(39) // XmiX Er
21b(15) // Yom 38b(23); 5er 10a(31); Meg
27a(40); p^ na"? -] '^a1? mnx-uxi xjxn nan xix
why (should I compete) with PN in his Aggadot?
Suk 52b(38); xriXllX ISO a book of Aggadot Ber
23a(54; OHP ib. 110:8); XmiXi X1SD Git
60a(22) // 7ew 14b(16); BM 116a(30) // 55
52a(28) // Svu 46b(16); 3T3T XmiX "ISO the
book of Aggadot of the be rav San 57b(2); 2.
Haggada of Passover: sg. xV'^m XmiX the
Haggada and Hallel Pes 115b(18); ib. 116b(29);
HP 15:3
Lit: Bacher 44; Y. Breuer, Lesonenu 62 [1999] 46 [mng. 2]; Y:
XmJX Ton 7a(25; BAYTN 284).
fUN n. (uncertain) sg. niX '»riB p yiffDD xb
]33m H1X1 '<J)XaV2n do not neglect to state the ...
of the pious and the ... of the scholars TGAs28
76:2
Lit: Assaf, TGAs28, ib.2, suggests: grief.
NTIJN n.m. (uncertain; 4- xnanx) sg. -pniX 'XB
how are you? OHT Qid 38:8(Ar) [lit. what is
your ...?]
Expl. OHT ib.: "I'tfyo ,101 -\TV HOI.
'NUN 4- 'XU adv.
[NTUN 4- XUX n.]
N"TUN n.f. kiln-fired brick (< Akk agurru CAD
A/1 160, AIOA 33; Sy re'4ei\i<' f. LS 5; 4- XXI)
pi. iTVUXI XX13 with (its) lime and its bricks
£r?(Ar [AC 1:27, s.v. TlllX; 2:341]) [not found
in mss.]; ,TVI1X1 .1X11 SS/faj 6a(5; O) [of a
property]; xtki)('}X3 'nnajn 3i Vy «]x mix
N'JN
t : t
79
TIN
]"Ttf 'ni'lTen even though he arranged the kiln-
fired bricks into a pile and he interspaced them,
they are permitted (to be carried) HG1 195:55 =
TGDr49 108:1; Pl'TUXi XSXD a layer of bricks
Inyanot 227:14 [expl. MH2 XB^B'n BB 6a(29)]
RaH: 'TUX \"1p1 JllBHW 0':3^ Sab 81a(30).
NJJN, K»JW, pi. NnNJJN n.m. furrow (< X'liy;
TA fl'liy TJ Ezek 17:7, Ma X'lX, X'HX MD 5
[s.v. 2# XIX], 10, MH Drily Yeivin, BV 1054) sg.
X'lxV xbDD '3 like a mound to a furrow Ber 6a(7;
FOHT ib. 12:8); nXB 'in1? X'<1)U)X pn let this
furrow be pe'a Ned 6b(16); '3 wrb n'1? 'WO xp
X'lX (Scripture) compares the womb to a furrow
Anan 114:13 [cf. Drm D'aVn ">W ib. 12]; i& 15;
17; XOmST X'liy furrow of the vineyard Seel
117:79(Var); pi. nnX'lX SSHai 6b(7)
Geon. expl.: ... K3X13 'mX IW^a 'np.T Til Dlj» X'JX B1TS1
X'lX Xlpn XyTXa I'aTXST nnwa DniX OHT Ber 12:9; Lit:
AAC 7; Y: X;J1X Ned ib.(BAYTN 143).
NT}N n.m. hired laborer (4- VllX, XmTlX; TA
XT1X TO Lev 19:13, Sy pc'-UlA^' LS 5, Ma
XTiy MD 6 [s.v. 1#11X], 341) sg. XT1XT X11X
the wage of the hired laborer Sab 150b(8); pi. 'Xn
xbnV 'T1X niXT ]xa one who hires laborers for
drawing water BM 77a(6); ib. 76b(35); 92a(30);
San 73a(32)
Y: XTJX Sab ib.(52).
NniTJN n.f. rental (4 XT1X; Sy K'^o-i^r*'
LS 5) sg. ix nmrtm lX?s 12 'bs rn nri'xi
XJ11T1X3 it [i.e. the field] is in the possession of
NN b. NN2 through robbery or rental SSHai
19a(17)
NSIJlN n.m. marsh, swamp (< Akk agammu
marsh CAD A/1 142, AIOA 33 < Sum agam
SLOB 140; 4- xaiXT xblinri; TA J'aiX pi. TJ Is
35:7, Sy rdk^rf LS 4, Ma XaiX, XaXlX MD
5) a. general: sg. imVl XB1X3 'tn'3 W33 IplS
IH'Vy TWbl b-'rb go out (and) make trodden
down areas in the marsh so that we can go and
sit upon them tomorrow Er 34b(20); Ber
57a(50); Sab 156b(5); xaixai xaiX^ piy
Xm3@D1sV he fled to the marsh and from the
marsh to GN BM 86a(ll); ib. 26; mmv HIV
xaiX3 (the Angel of Death) caused a commotion
in the marsh ib. 86a(32; SM 145:5); XJT'TIB 'W
xaiXT bitter herbs of the marsh Suk 13a(16; M);
ib. 25; AZ 38a(24; J) [containing locusts]; "]31
mn '81X3 'Ip V'Dp your teacher was one who
used to cut down reeds in the marshes [i.e. was
not versed in the Oral Law] Sab 95a(19); Bek
8b(28); b. a grazing place for cattle: sg. mn
xaixb H'1? XJpnya I would have chased it away
[i.e. the ox] to the marsh BQ 40b(3); ib. 45a(15);
41a(25); pi. WCaiX 'M Til D1»a because (the
ox) spends time among the marshes Sab 77b(27);
c. containing fish and birds: sg. XB1X 'SpXT
,mi3(T)(3) the swamp overflowed with fish BM
12b(18); XaiX3 'B'pi (HX'XI) 1'XTXI} '3D
fishermen's huts situated in a marsh Tan 22a(47);
Xaixa NT'S mV 'TO xn a hunter used to bring
PN (quail) from the marsh Yom 75b(24); d. as
part of a GN: sg. 'pBOT XB1X Yev 121a(20); XB1X
XnpXT San 38b(2)
Voc: X»?X VTM 82; Y: XBJX BM 12b(18; BAYTN 74).
Him, N3NJN n.m. basin, bowl (perh. < Akk
agannu a large bowl CAD A/1 142; LMA ag-
gan-nu Uruklnc 5, TA '11X pi. TJ IK 7:41, Pal
]1X PAT 334, DNWSI 10 [inscribed on the
object], Sy rcU^ LS 4, Ma X'lXlX pi. MD 5)
a. general: sg. rftfim X1X1X a basin of cress Sab
110a(31); xrom XBDX X11X a basin on the
opening of a jug AZ 31a(30); X11X '3 'BT bib a
chicken coop is similar to a basin [i.e. it is round]
TGAs42 158:13; pi. XTpi '11X basins of bitumen
BM 69b(17); HP 14:6; '1X1X SMel 42:1; VUVW
IHllX1? they threw away their bowls Bo 78:16; b.
used for kneading: sg. nJD'O ... X1X1XT n31
X1X1XT the side/rim of the basin Pes 45b(14; C);
X1$X HP 39:12(HPP 54:18); Tan 25a(5); pi. '1X1X
Pes 30b(40); wbl '1X1X basins for kneading HP
25:2; c. w. var. liquids: pi. XBTI '11X bowls of
blood Bo 84:12 [cf. Ma: IX'yVa XBH X'JXIX MD
ib.]; ]in'lta '11X you pour wine into bowls ib.
78:18 [cf. Ma: X'3X1X X1TXB MD ib.]
Lit: Kaufman, AIOA 33, does not consider this a loan from
Akk; Y: XMX Sab 110a(31; 230).
"UN vb. to hire, rent (1 XT1X, 1#X11X, 2#X11X;
Sy ■U^k' LS 4, Ma 1# niX MD 6) Pe. (a/u) 1. to
hire: a. workmen: tya D'3n by2 "ni'1?! '3'n '3
n'm3 so that the owner should hire him against

1#N1JS
80
t : -
his will Svu 45a(53); BM 77a(27); ib. 76b(35)
[i XT1X]; BQ 99a(21) // BM 112a(40; V22)
[4- XWD'3]; ib. 83a(26; MGE 515:22) [porters];
Git 73a(35) [1 HX31X]; b. animals: '»V nxa mix
he hired it [i.e. the cow] for one hundred days BM
35b(24); AZ 15a(10); nan "TUX hire donkeys Gi(
73a(37); Tan 24a(20; M2); 2. to rent: "11X '3
XJI'3 2?TX when someone rents a house /?//
7b(ll); BM 101b(ll); .Tl'tt nOHiniX px we
rented it from him BB 29a(34); xVl XfflM
xmxi xw 'aVy '"?id mxi3 >b 'mma now that
I do not profit, I rent it [i.e. the property] at (the
rate) that everyone rents BM 65a(27); -U'rf?
Wain to rent (the pagan's share of the property)
from his wife Er 80a(39)
Af. 1. to hire for s.o. else: D'tylS +> "lllX b'T go
(and) hire workmen for me BM 76a(6); ib.
92a(30); 2. to hire out: a. workmen: p'triD mn
njmxi yvsi pliai we would have made an
effort and hired ourselves out for four (zuzim) ib.
76a(20); ib. 12b(2); b. animals: "IHXI X"131 Xinn
man1? Xixan n'"? a certain man who hired out a
donkey to another Ket 27b(2) // Bek 36a(19); BM
97a(28); nillX^" ife 116a(25); 3. to rent out: a.
property: "T7 [XIX "111X =] xmix I shall rent you
(a place to live) BB 7a(2); BM 103a(5); ib.
116b(42); Meg 26b(15; M2) [synagogue;
4- Vptfa quad., mng. 1]; TSri n'1? 111X1 he rented
out a courtyard to him BM 65a(21); 1*7 111X
~\TW\ rent us your share in the property Er
63b(23); AZ 21a(42); 'bsb n'W? a'ff D'TllX
n»3 ITa1? I rented it out to NN to dwell in it
SSHai 8a(13); Geon 162:4; XTO»6 55//ai
6b(15); Dec 5:10; X"nn 'V 111X1 X131 XU1
nrntJ1? rm3rT7 a certain man who rented out a
mill to another for grinding Ket 103a(3); Pes
50b(37); n'31X 111X1 X131 Xinn a certain man
who rented out his boat AZ 62b(l 1; J); b. other:
X»Y>3 XD'WS3 'TIT "ma mn Xan 31 PN used to rent
out money for (a fee of) a small coin per day BM
69b(6); n'V WllllX I rented it [i.e. a garment] to
him ib. 6a(32; RaH)
Itpe. 1. to profit, benefit [cf. MH 132/1 J 1576]:
TUITX 'Ilin'X they surely profited (by being
released from the ritual obligation) BQ 38a(22) //
AZ 2b(56); Yev 92b(10); Naz 15a(12); San
81a(10); 2. to hire o.s. out: nj?31X3 llri'ai X3'X1
X7T7J13 llJI'ai X3'X1 one hires oneself out for four
(zuzim) and another does so for three BM
76a(18); ib. 112b(13); BB 91b(15); 5v« 45a(54);
Fom 20b(22); 3. w. 'b to hire s.o.: 'V lliri'X
xn'TIXI <')tylS3 I shall hire you as laborers
(according to the conditions) of biblical law [lit.
be hired by me as laborers of the Torah] BM
83b(6) [v. Ps 104:23]
Ittaf. to be rented out: niWJ?3 Xlllirai isn a
courtyard which is rented out for ten (zuzim) ib.
65a(21)
1#N"1JN, cs. "I1N n.m. rent, hire, wage, fee,
compensation, profit, reward (4- VllX; TA X11X
TJ Zee 8:10, Sy rfk^ LS 4, Ma X11X MD 6)
1. rent: sg.es. XJV3 11X rent of the house BM
73b(3); BB 29a(37); det. X71'31 X11X ^«a« 10:29;
XIIX^ xa'pl IXfl a courtyard that is available for
rent BM 64b(12); Bg 20a(43); 'SIDIX1? '•? ri'Vl
X11X3 1'Vj? I may not raise its [i.e. the property's]
rent SSHai 8a(16); 2. hire: sg. X11D1 X11X hire
and (compensation for) destruction BM 69b(39)
[concerning a boat]; 3. wage: sg.es. X11D1 11X
wage of a watchman BB 4b(33); 'xV'BS 11X the
wage of my loss of time ib.; HP 49:26; det.
X-UXX ft Xl'SDI Xrijnx on the assumption that
you had increased our wage BM 77a(24); DWD
1'31 X11X Tfb Jl'XI because he owes him his wage
ib. 118a(32); 93b(32); Anan 10:28; vh 3n V'T
m'HX go (and) give them their wage BM
83a(30); 7a« 24a(21); Git 62a(16); ,4Z 62b(12);
4. fee: sg.es. Xl'1 11X fee for rendering judgment
Ket l05a(34); det. n'Jins Vym nmx V'psn he
takes its fee [i.e. for the use of the vessel], and
he takes its depreciation (charge) BM 70a(ll)
[4- 1#XXWS]; n'HX n'^ 3n V>T go (and) pay him
his fee San 109b(27); Ber 56a(ll; MGG 703:7);
ib. 54(MGG 706:12); "713X1 XpTO3 XJT7-31 DTC?
mix flay a carcass in the market and earn [lit.
eat] its fee Pes 113a(7); 5. payment: sg.es. "UX
'"? 1D1 payment of 'wait for me' [i.e. an advance
payment received for goods to be delivered in the
future which is prohibited as interest] BM
63b(30); ib. 73a(20); BB 87a(9); San 25b(35);
'"? ID -IAX HP 50:17; 6. profit: sg.abs. llVs 'X
2# *n*K
XTDS13 Tr71J1 nn 11X3 if (regarding) profit (the
partner gets) half, regarding loss (he bears) two
thirds BM 68b(47); TGHark 271:9; 7. reward:
sg. ... xwm xpi'si xnx ... xpm n^si mix
... xmp'rw x"ao '31 xnx ... xi3o xnyawi 'nix
XJnplX xn'iym X11X the reward of (attending)
the kalla is (for the pressure of) overcrowding.
The reward of (attending) the public lecture is
(for) running (to it). The reward of a legal
tradition is (from deriving it by) logical
argument. The reward of (visiting) the house of
mourning is (for observing) silence. The reward
for a fast day is (for dispensing) charity Ber
6b(26); Qid 61b(24); X11X V3JM1 pX'1? n"D3'11
let us overcome our desire and receive a reward
AZ 17b(2); San 64a(ll); XW'Bl X11X a great
reward TGHark 207:28; ib. 165:14
Voc: iSii HGP 26b:7; VTslk ib. 26b:17; Y: XnJX Ber 9b(39;
BAYTN 74).
2# N^?£ n.m. employer, hirer (4- V"I1X pe. part.;
Ma x-iix MD 6, s.v. i# iix) pi. byt nxpiy nno
'V>T IH'llflX lying witnesses who are of low
esteem in their employers' (view) San 29a(33)
[3# N1>N 4- X11X n.]
KJVUK n.f. name of a demon (1 KTJ'X 13 s.v.
1#X13 mng. 12) sg. Bo 61:4; ib. 6; 7
"IS (< "1 iy) 4- 1J? conj.
D«*nN, NanK 4- xnn n.]
'SmK 4- '3H adv.
NJnK n. oven (4- 'in '3) pi. '111X n'BIS 'DTD
Xlin the ... of his mouth are ovens of fire Bo
78:5
Lit: AMB 206.
HNKIVTN adj., n. Roman (lit. Edomite; Sy
rdL^ieaf*' PSm 35) n., sg.m. nxanx xinn xnx
n'pm a certain Roman came (and) pushed him
Ber 62a(24)
On the use of MH 'BITX as a designation of a Roman in
Rabbinic literature, v, e.g. EJ 6 379+.
KJTITTK 4- xniTHX n.
'IN vb. to pass over (< 1 Vhj?; Ma 1# XIX af. to
bring over, make pass MD 6) Pa. to bring over:
"nx n'HXT "ina the Mishna (speaks of a case)
NOBIS.
where (the rooster) actually brought it over BQ
19b(25); ib. 22a(16); 98a(9); Bes 39a(28)
N'lN*, pi. KniHK n.m. high water (Ma XHJ7
Gy 9:7; cf. Akk edit high water, edit tdmati high
water of the sea CAD E 35) pi. XQ'T 'nxnx high
waters of the sea BB 4a(27) [Var: xmiTX
TGAs42 156:21] // X'aT xnxmx Suk 51b(26) [cf.
Ma: im'xixis xn? n'^bi im'xaxax' x'n'i their
seas are peaceful and there is no high water in
them Gy ib.]
Lit: Eps, PLA 199 [contra 2#X'1!7 MD 341]; AIOA 47; Y;
XnilTX BB ib.(BAYTN 193).
n.m. perh. monster (etym. unkn.)
pi. XD'T ,!7HX sea monsters BB 74b(23; Ar [AC
1:34]) [expl. BH DTMl Gen 1:21; Var: Xtt' ^HJ?
H]
Y: id-'IS /i.(BAYTN 64).
Xrill'lN n.f. glory (< xniTin*; Sy K'ii'oTJSoj
LS 172) sg. niTO XTimXT XniTnX3 you will die
in the glory of the Torah Ber 56b(12; MGG
708:9) [P: Yin3]
Y: mrm Ber ib.
Xrn3!N n.f. reminder (4- V"I31; TA nfTDIX TO
Lev'2:2, JPA ,TD1X DJPA 35, MH2 m3TX J 37)
sg. XW1TD1 IX XTTDIXT K^rn pw p a scribal
addition between the lines containing a reminder
or an explanation TGHark 138:6
In RH 18b(44), this word is quoted from Megillat Ta'anit.
t6"7N n. (uncertain) sg. prf?lX mnn under
their ... Bo 84:9
N'nx 4- xVn tj? conj.
NJV71N n.f. woman who gives birth (WlX
(metath. < 4- Vl1?'); 4- xm"?'; Ma 2# xn^XlX'' MD
184) sg. Xn1?' X^l x"73naH 'n'VlX 'S like a woman
giving birth who is in travail but does not give
birth Bo 15:11
Lit: Eps, Stl 344; B. Levine, Bowls 352, suggests 'the locked
one' (< Akk edelu).
DIN vb. to cut into pieces (< 4 Vain) Pe.,
pass.part. 'a^XT '"IHS fishes cut into pieces Bes
24b(30)
Lit: Levy, TMW 1:28.
N0B1N n.m. steel (< rx8&na<; L-S 20; Sy
81

"I NnjHK
82
KJUTTN
T : T ; -
docv^rc'^K' LS 6, Ma 2#XDX» MD 248
[metanalysis < XOXltf]) sg. X'31 XD81X1 XK/U1? a
garment of pure steel 5o 2:2; ib. 29:5; 52:3
Lit: AMB 131.
"I UnyiH conj. 4 Xfljn n.
[TTK vb. 4 V4#-|TT vb.]
"HN n.m. ,4</ar, the sixth month (< Akk Addaru
AIOA 114; Sy iaiV LS 6) sg. RH 8a(25); Saw
18b(36); Tft^ 87:5; ib. 98:13; TJXT XnT VI the
first day of the month of Adar Meg 29b(7); Git
34a(41); HP 185:7; TGAs42 42:5; nx"? may'Vl
let him add a day to Adar San 13b(8); TTX1 'DAD
'in |1E?X*1 'XpT ^aar which one says without
qualification is the first (one) Ned 63a(18); "nx
X-irn the latter [i.e. intercalated] AdarRH6b(24)
[cf. OfA nnx YIX AOFCI 11:1]
Y: TJX Meg ib.
1#KTIK, lOXTN n.m. a type of tree (< Akk
adaru an indigenous tree CAD A/1 102; Sy
K'in«' a large tree LS 6, MH2 TJX Bes 15b[40])
sg. XTTX RH 23a(13; GRH 13:16) [expl. MH
Dmp Ke8po<; ib., given as one of the four types
of nx-tree]; X1XTX San 108b(30) [expl. BH
nDi-'SX Gen 6:14]; m@{')-m "KJ?! X1X1X (the
tree is called) '. because it lasts forever Bes
15b(40; MGG 159:6); XYJX T1DX leaf of an
'.-tree Git 69b(52; OHT ib. 154:9) [in a potion;
for similar use in Mesopotamian medicine, v.
CAD ib., mng. c]; X1X1XT X'» infusion of the
'.-tree ib. 54(OHT ib. 10)
Lit: Flora 3:21. The etym. < iceSpoc; ib. should be rejected since
the phonetic change k > ' is unknown in JBA; Y: NTTX Git
69b(52; BAYTN 74).
2#NT7N n.m. curved thin fish bone(?) sg.
'3H xa,!7 H-\lHt? for a fish bone (stuck in the
throat) let him say thus Sab 67a(49; OAr [AC
1:32)]
Geon. comm.: 'TX '1W1 p 1'Bipyi Jl1?!? 11X1X3 WV JllBXy 'W
I'tawn oy yotn yx mx 'B -pjiV ow: oftwi on dxi ]'jn Drrwxi
tjhj3 fyr: kW 13» nraiapy 'jbb trn 607: l.
Y: XTIK ib. (BAYTN 164).
N/nan^N, K3NTTK adv. on the contrary
(< [nra] xn + n + -X lit. upon what is greater
[than it]; cf. JPA ,"U» naTTT/X3TT DJPA 517) a.
alone: miiK ... "ia-r? rvb mn m"ny xianoa
"13T> ,Tb mn IVU'JX it is logical that he should
have included cases of the uncircumcised. On the
contrary! He should have included cases of 'onen
Yev 71a(18); Qid 79a(28); Svu 34a(16); AZ
51b(25); Hul 135b(26); Nid 40a(41); b. w.
preced. X"V 'S^D: 'TT'» ixn JB naTTX X"V 'B^a
p'S3 how can this be so? On the contrary! (If it
is) from the side, he exits moving about Sot
44a(6); X2XYIX X'1? 'B^J BB 175a(13; HP 52:21);
lev 102a(43); c. fol. by X3B'X/[n3B'X =] TOB'X
xnanoa: 'ya xb o'xm van xnanoa nas'x nanix
np'TO X'ya nO'XD X1?! I"J? TITB on the contrary!
Reverse it! It is reasonable that leaven which
becomes repulsive (by decay) does not require
fracturing. Idolatry which does not become
repulsive requires crushing Pes 28a(21); Sab
20a(41); Er 28b(9); BQ 84b(38); lev 32b(35);
Ara 6a(33)
Geon. expl.: Vh IX 'jKp'l TUXl 'TAX LPT 146:9; Lit: Bacher 1.
While this word is always spelled with 'alef in the edd., the
orthography in the mss. is overwhelmingly with he; Y: X3T1X
Ber 27a(41).
ptt'TTK 4- xanx n.]
[ntvtjk 4- x-nx n.]
NflpllNI n.f. 'adraxta, a document issued by
the court after having issued a r/'r/a-docunient
which permits a creditor to seize a debtor's
property from a purchaser to whom the
debtor sold it after the receipt of a loan
(4 V2#Tn af, xstcj) sg. xb 'x»p ]w rrbn
n'CO'JX XJ13TTX p'aTD during the first thirty day
period we do not write an '.-document against his
property BQ 112b(38); ib. 40; 42; XJIBTTX
p'am Hb ,!7t^>»»X we do not write an '.-
document against movable property ib. 46; 'WX
na'rn tbp lxb "pmmx ... rava '3'n "pra-nx ^
xnnaxs 'arm xnamx 'rm show me how your
'.-document is written. Your '.-document is not
written properly. Let the '.-document be void and
let (the ketubba) be collected from (the day of)
the proclamation Ket 104b(36); Xmmx X'BOT TJ7
m'V until the '.-document comes into his
possession BM 16a(26); ib. 35b(8); XJDTTX ^51
x'n xxdttx IXs? xbtb1? mayipi na 'to abi any
'.-document in which it is not written: "We have
tfTN
83
ix
torn the ?w/a-document," is not a (valid) '.-
document BB 169a(16); n'by 13JD1 XlTpB
XT XnaiTX we ordered them to write an '.-
document concerning him Dec 5:7; ib. 12; SSSad
254:13; pi. '33 IX1?! XnX3YIXl XJlXt^n n&tt
ina'J ]iyTD writs of final adjudication and '.-
documents which are not collectable TGHark
216:5; BM 16b(52; OHT ib. 37:15)
Geon. expl.: XrDYlX 'BO' X1H1 pWlVx 3Xn3 S§Sad 253b:5, i.e.
jUJI v^§ document of attaching/overtaking; X135 xnX31W
<xn)3nix Tt'x^ p'sns n'Vy n'xi 'xo 3'n' xVi xjt p npsi
H'D3':X OHT BM 37:17; TRN 663:13; for the text of the
document, v. Gulak, OS 331; TRN ib.; Lit: G. Khan, Aram
6 [1994] 214+; Shaked, Irano-Aramaica 167+, suggests a deriv.
< OP *adraxla meaning poss. a legal document relating to a
debtor; Voc: X?OYIX HGP 17a:3; Y: XfDYIX Ket 104b(39;
BAYTN 280).
crm i Vi#^b?t, *J2#wvi vb.
mnx 4 mn pron.
xannK I xmnx n.
NT'llJIK n.m. stable master (< Mir *axwaryar
[cf. MP axwarr stable + -yar (< -rfar) keeper
CPD 14, 24]; cf. Sy \k*>k t-j^k' stable master
LS 27 [Lex]) sg. 'YI n'TT,nX PN's stable master
Sab 113b(47) // BM 85a(9); XaXT nnX'TinX 13
T1X you are the son of my father's stable master
Meg 12b(22)
Lit: Geig, AAC 12; Tel 8; Y: fl'TlffiX Sab ib.(BAYTN 305).
W'HN, KTHN, H'nN pron. f. to which one?
(< X"n + "X; I XTn s.v. ]'Tn) a. in phrase X"nx
'Xp to which one (of the clauses in the Mishna)
does (the Tanna) refer? Ket 28b(38); ib. 67a(18);
Sab 150b(42; V); Er 51b(5; O); Yev 19b(38; O2);
b. generally shortened to X"nX, etc.: Sab
146b(22); Er 33a(13); Git 76a(36); X31T xn
X"nx to which one does this (statement) of PN
(refer)? Qid 73b(15); BM 34b(32); Svu 43b(l);
Bek 23b(34); XTnX ]15?ttB? '3TT Xn to which one
does this (statement) of PN (refer)? Ket 88a(34;
HP 116:12, Geon 390:9); HG1 81:45; 'TnX Men
30b(19; GM 24:26) [glossed: 'TO "?y "B]; LPT
147:5
Lit: Bacher 1; Voc; X^'fix HP 174:3(HPP 271:18); Y: X'MK Ket
28b(38; BAYTN 339).
sV'nK n.m. (uncertain) sg. xV'nx ^"yVn 'D'n '3
niuV Xmm ""X^an in order that the should
admit light within it San 108b(31)
N3'i1K n.m. unripe date (< xrnx* < Akk uhinnu
fresh, green dates AHw 1404; 4 XJmrn; JudA
'TOX T§vi 7:14[198:41], Sy kiIuk', rdirdw LS
12, 208, Ma XJ'X MD 328, s.v. 2#Xi'D) sg. xrnx
Xpmo a red unripe date Suk 35b(45; M2); Hul
46b(l); XTltt xrnx a bitter unripe date BM
113b(28); pi. 'TOXT XT13'p a cluster of unripe
dates BB 5a(5); San 26b(46); 'p'"7B? 'J'HX boiled
unripe dates AZ 38b(46); ^07 90:74
Geon. expl. [AZ ib.]: piljl 1\ZJ\ ]'p'D81 D'3TO man 'JB ]'X'3B
imnw i'»y: pi nun be; n'B nx I'noi oin onay o':nui mix
113BI1I8 1013 ''X1p31 TGCas 42a(24), i.e. ^jJ^ >^ cooked
unripe date berries; TIB^n \m'?2 1013 tal 1013 DTtyi 10^87 'IB
':MX OHP Er 92:14 [cf. jli ... rtliiiK' BBah 105:9]; SMelG
572; Lit: Flora 2:341+.
vb. to constitute a covering (Ma Vnx etpa.
to overshadow MD 9) Af.: "7'nXD Xp Xn(1) does
(the board), in fact, not constitute a covering
(with regard to defilement)? Er 31a(5)
i#kVhn4 lsx^mxn.
2#t6i1K4 2#Xl7mXn.
n.m.pl. dealer in alkaline plants
(nisbe-form < 4 lSX^HlX) pi. "iVnX Ned 91b(l);
5W81a(35)
Voc: "ftnx HGP 29a:27.
KJJ'anK n.f. benefit, assistance (4 Vl#'3n; cf.
Sy K'&ordjjm LS 178, MH nx5n Yeivin, BV
905) sg. in'mnx X3np'» the benefit from them
is immediate Qid 8a(17); 'XmanX X3np» Ket
67b(40; V5); Qid 46a(36; O2); Tan 23b(34; L);
fnmanx -] xmanx XIV'BJ the benefit from it is
great Yev 4b(13); ib. 22
"inK 4 Vi#inx
IN conj. or, whether, if (4 'X; Sy oi? or LS 7,
Ma iy or, if MD 342) 1. or, whether: a. alone:
TOX IX 'TO is it permitted or forbidden? BM
72b(38); fXO id IX p» does it protect or not?
Hul 46b(2); "ITT IX 'B<0>{») X:"m is what I shall
live more or what I have lived? Tan 25a(40);
XV?3» IX "T7 X5?'D© ©1TB3 did you hear it [i.e. the
tradition] explicitly or by inference? Er 46a(9);
'nnrx"? ix 'rnsV ix na X'jtVb1? man' I have

l#N3iN
84
N331X*
given to NN, my son, or to my daughter, or to my
wife HP 53:17; ib. 110:18; 200:10; b. in seq.
IX ... IX whether/either ... or [Sy orf ... ore' LS
ib., mng. 2, Ma 1J7 ... iy MD ib.]: xn IX XH IX
either this one or that one BQ 3a(26); 'IpP X3X IX
•SpV 1,TX IX either I lied or he lied Yev 55b(33);
BQ 59b(8); -p'a TO, 3'0J IX 'Vj IX either go into
exile or marry a woman of your own kind Yev
45a(48); 'V 130 inViD IX 'V l»m VT>D IX either all
of them love me, or all of them hate me Ket
105b(24); W2b n'^D IX 13'»V n'^13 IX he will be
either entirely positive or entirely negative Sab
156a(27); ib. 44; XBm1? IX XJIB'X1? IX whether to
the north or to the south Bes 4a(12); n'V XpDDa
'nXT xb IX 'nXl IX m he is in doubt as to whether
a get puts aside (a levirate bond) or not Yev
51a(l); HM 43:14; c. in seq. IX ... '»: p'tf'ri 'a
Hb IX 313T^> are we apprehensive about a fly or
not? BB 166b(14); ]Vbr\ X1? IX p'Vn '» do we
assume (that he caused the perforation) or not?
Hul 49a(19); d. in phrase xa"?'T IX or perhaps [cf.
Nold, SG §373]: KoVn IX H"J XH1 p'^TX 1DK 1*13
TJ xm "btX ,!?D "iro do we follow (the status) of
the nut and it is, in fact, at rest? Or do we perhaps
follow the vessel, and, it, in fact, moves? Sab
100a(3); Yom 31a(13); Hag 4a(6); Yev 102a(58);
San 112a(2); Zev 75b(ll); 2. if [cf. BH OX if,
whether, either-or HAL 58+, Akk summa id.
CAD S/3 275+]: a. general: xV '5?3 IX '3X '373 IX
'3X if he wants, he eats. If he does not want, he
does not eat Suk 27a(18); Tl'Xa ,tV np3!27 IX if
you leave it [i.e. the animal] alone it will die Pes
llb(ll); n'31 PTX X3'X IX 'X» MX 1X1 if he is
thirsty, what (should he do)? If there is someone
with him ... ib. 112a(24); .T033 ipsa '573 1X1 lia
since if he wants he can declare his property
ownerless Suk 35b(19); nn 'W X3»m 3J13 1X1 if
the Merciful One had written these two (verses)
Zev 9b(6); n'3 J?T x"7 '3 n'V V'3X 1X1 if he eats it
[i.e. a y~W] unwittingly [lit. when he does not
know about it] Anan 55:7; 'BXJTW pin Tin IX if
there were two partners TGAs42 29:21; T13'X IX
D'^E? X1?! 'TIT n'1? mm if it became clear that he
had money and he did not pay TGHark 106:7; ib.
6:12; 37:6; 206:22; 228:11; b. in var. expressions:
1) 'a: IX alternatively: Pes 14a(31); RH 30a(49);
Suk 41a(41); Tan lla(l); Yev 64b(45); Zev
104b(34); Anan 10:29; 2) '3n IX if so: Ber
23a(20); Pes 8a(35); Tan 13a(20); A/eg 5b(47);
pn IX TGHark 40:33; 3) XB'X n'Jtt IX if you
want, say ...: Pes 23b(16); RH 4a(35); Zev
2a(24); 4) xn'J/xa'1? IX if we say: Pes 8a(41); RH
5b(12); 7ev 93a(25); Zev 13b(37); 5) Xp^O IX
xnjn if it occurs (to you): Pes 12a(26); ib.
85a(36); Zev 15a(3); TGHark 205:36; 6) max IX
xaVB?3 if you say: "It is all right...": Pes 33b(18);
ib. 90b(30)
On mng. Id. cf. Sy: x-"" ^n t-^aojt ^i ^ 0 ^j-ije-^j
«u^ . \ u ■ i n t \ m K* -*t Va ore' J_u K* \ M ^A_a_iaajJa
. i \ v ^n_2vA ^AuaAvj «*^jftia re'AiHAr^ kLitjuk' are we
beginning to commend ourselves again? Or perhaps do we need
like others that letters of recommendation should be written to
you for us? 2Cor 3:1; mng. 2 is found esp. in Geon. texts and
in the Y mss. of BT and but has completely disappeared from
the other traditions. Lit: Nold, MG 208; Kara 44+ [mng. 2]; Y:
SxBer 12b(30).
l#N3iN n.m. underworld spirit (< BH 2#31X
HAL 19; TA 31X TJ Is 29:4) sg. only in phrase
N'BB N31X necromancer (4- xaD): X'ao X31X
xrm ^xtwt mpox rrn how did the
necromancer bring up Samuel with necromancy?
Sab 152b (47); ]3'13 n'V'ai 3H3 X'atJ X31X the
necromancer is false, and his words are false Ber
59a(15; MGE 148:5); X'ao X31X '3 the house of
a necromancer Ber 59a(l 1)
Y: K31X Sab ib.(BAYTN 22).
2# N31N n.m. bosom (< X31J?*; Sy ndiio-v LS
503, JPA 2#3in DJPA 189) sg. n'31X3 '"?'a 'J,TI
this refers (to where the phylacteries) are in his
bosom///5 38:12; ST 494:64
[SVSIN I 2#XI731X n., X"?3X n.]
NJ3W, pi. NX1J31N n.f. perh. projection (perh.
< Akk ubanu finger, lobe of an organ AHw 1399,
mng. 7, 8) pi. Xrfr'a X'*?n X3'Vt Xri331X3 the
matter is dependent on the 'projections' of the
heart Meg 24b(9; L); xrU31X3 nXJ'JH 'r'lW
iVn X3'^H the sinews of the eyes are suspended
from the 'projections' of the heart AZ 28b(38;
Ed)
Lit: M. Geller, BiOr 43 [1986] 740; id., Medicine 105; Y:
X7IH1X AZ ib.(BAYTN 198).
HWIIlt
85
t :
[N3S31N 4- X3SD1X]
Ktf 31K, Kt&Bin, Ktf IBM n.m. mold (< XtfB/3iy*;
I VtfDJ?; cf. Sy rdiAj^ spotted (of sheep) LS
509) sg. XW31X1 Xan3 moldy bread Pes 40a(21;
TGAs42 161:8) [Var: nWBin E2; nwiBn C]
Lit: Low, Flora 1:40.
N'JIN 4- XnX n.
K"71N n.m. firebrand (Sy k'W LS 8, Ma
2#XT1X, Xliy MD 10) pi. 'iy'3' 'TX '"in two dry
firebrands San 93a(49; F2) [I XOJ'p mng. 2]
Y: '11N San ib.(BAYTN 17).
KTHK n.m. flock or wad (of wool, etc.;
< X1115?*; Sy rC:wo_i. LS 511, MH2 XTX, !XTJ7
OHP §ab 5:4, TGDr49 100:14) a. general: sg. X1?
WV1 XaiD3 X111X »TK p'ln'"? a person should
not plug a flock (of wool) into the mouth of a
bottle (on the Sabbath) Sab 141a(38); X<T)n,TIX
X1&5H a flock of wool HM 39:18; ib. 5; p'VpBfl
n'1? 13'^pi ... xmixs n'V p'a-n xnj?'33 xmis
XH11X1? we take a small amount (of the tekhelet
dye) in an eggshell, place it on a wad (of wool),
and burn the wad Men 42b(35; MGN 255:10);
ipwa ifr-l X-IJT X(1>ri)TlX a flock of unbeaten
wool (dyed) by pomegranate (juice) AZ 28b(23);
n'JTlX "?y JlrlBT in(1){nnX3 XJ/3X1 a dyer with a
flock of wool placed on his ear TGDr49 94:17
[cf. MH: utx by x(i)ci)'xm xxv yaxn arnb
23a(15)]; b. esp. as filling for a pillow or bolster:
sg. "?S3 X'10 '3a XTttX the flock (of wool) fell out
of the pillow Ber 56a(48); Sab 48a(21); pi. BB
58a(22; P1); BM 26a(7)!; 'Xl>nnNT XnXXT>lll a
handful of flocks of wool Qid 12a(34; HG2
206:12 [Var]); n'TTIX '113'a Xpl its flocks (of
wool) will be scattered Ber 56a(46; MGG 705:9)
Geon. expl.: mwaVx l»n KHD '31 X111K OHP Ber 105:20, i.e.
Sj^i^l jii stuffing of a leather pillow; HX-|J>J1 V'13 XTX
p mop ,13'nn rpio I'as xwi xtjix 'aix pwVa xip:i x<i>ni'y
jibo mnsBa ^W3 imx rmxw D'jbj naxa ix ijiwbh p ix loxn
[mix I'yaix naim (Jii) boa bxyoB' 'ba nxifi] nVn ina Ar
[OHP Sab 5:4] + RaH Sab 90b; Voc: X11X Egron 182; Y: XTHX
Sab 141a(38; BAYTN 143).
XH1S n.m. a container (< Akk udu pi. metal
containers and utensils AHw 1402, mng. 2) sg.
Tl'Tl X'llX an '.-container of denars BM
28b(ll;Es)[H:Xp3-IX]
Y: X;ilX BM ib.(BAYTN 143).
NJVliN n.f. document of debtor's declaration
(i.e. op-oXovia; 4- V'T af; MH2 n'Tn BB 40a[2])
sg. xn '3T xixiy1? "?33 m 'td mm xri'mx x'nn
a certain '.-document which was written with
every term of the court San 29b(57); XJVTIX 'Xn
P'3rO ab T^ai p'nrD paT sometimes we write
the '.-document and sometimes we do not ib. 35;
XJVTIX3 in3,3p't?1 let him give him possession of
it [i.e. the money of his debt] by means of an
'.-document BB 149a(22); 23; TGHark 276:29
Lit: Gulak, LDT 12; Y: NrriiX BB 149a(22; BAYTN 38).
1#K3TIK n.m./f. ear (1 XJ1X; TA xStix TO Ex
29:20', Ma X3T1J? MD 342, Sy rdiarj' f. LS 6) a.
general: sg. yyn Xna'T ya^T X1TX may the ear
that heard music be torn off Sot 48a(42); ,!7X TTX
inmb ,T3T1X the other listens attentively [lit.
inclines his ear] to the oral tradition Hag 1 lb(30)
[4- Viff'Vx pe.]; x'»a n3 xiTixV wp '3x72; in^ia
Xn'VlDT all fluids can harm the ear except for the
fluid of a kidney AZ 28b(15); ib. 23; XJTIX 3'S1?
iT3T1X by Tiax for an earache say over his ear ...
HM 37:19; ib. 43:16; BQ 86a(7); Xiam TOTIX
«]DV 3m the ear of PN's donkey Qid 33a(33); pi.
n'JTIX1? n'aiB maipi XT'TD xaj7 an impetuous
nation which placed its mouth before its ears Ket
112a(45) [w. ref. to yBir/ri nty/l Ex 24:7] // Sab
88a(54; M); \\Ipym x"?1113V pTiX you have ears
and do not hear Bo 71:4 [cf. Ps 115:6 and Ma
TaX^X1?! X'my llbnyi MD ib.]; ib. 48:1 [I VtthD
pa., mng. 2]; 71:7; H'JTIX ]'Tp' mi he was deaf
[lit. his ears were heavy] Sot 13a(28); Bek
3b(37); Pes 113a(14) [4- Nmsba mng. 1]; Bek
53a(36) [of an animal]; b. parts: sg. n'mx VI
the top of his ear BQ 86a(24); .THIXT XVI the
inner part of his ear AZ 28b(17)
The classical form of this word w. dalet only refers to the
physical ear, while the specific JBA form 4- X31X also has
extended mngs; Y: MUX Sot 48a(42; BAYTN 143).
[2# KniN 4- X1T1X n.]
[«nilK 4- XTT1X n.]
1# K^riW, mbTWH, K"?nN n.m. an alkaline plant,
alkali (< Akk uhulu alkaline plant AHw 1404;
4- nxrVnX, V3#y?n; LJLA X^nx Tg2Job 9:30, Sy
rf \ wi^, rcliioorc' LS 12) 1. an alkaline plant:

2# »6niN
t :
86
BftlN
sg. xVniX So* 50b(12) [component of 4 2# XT13];
XixVlr) xVmx worm-colored '.-plant «& 110b(35)
// xaxbin xVnx /-(Z 28b(2); xax^irt x^nx g//
69b(9); 2. alkali: sg. X^riX &»& 90a(18) [expl.
MH nnia Mib. 9:5]; xVnX '313 nn two types of
alkali ib.; BQ 85a(50) [in a medication]
Geon. expl.: saltwort [4- JxViri]; Lit: Flora 1:644+; Y: xV.IX Sab
90a(18; BAYTN 74).
2# K^iliN, N^."IK n.m. tent (BH 1# ^'X HAL 18;
cf. JPA V'HX DJPA 37) sg. 'ixn '133 '3,1» TX3
X^mx less than such [i.e. ten handbreadths] it is
also a tent Slot 10b(33); ib. 1 la(2); X"?mx "WO Xp
he destroys the structure [lit. tent] Bes 30b(3); ib.
32b(40); rrm '3xn x^nix1? Vy x1? "iiy^x "i pn
would not enter a tent in which (those sick with
inx-1) were sitting Ket 77b(24; MGG 226:8) [Fr:
X"?nx]; 5g 82b(26)
Y: X^nw ftss 30b(3; BAYTN 143).
KTHX, mmK, KTK.Tin n.m. a net trap for
birds or fish (< Akk huharu bird trap CAD H
224; JPA-ITCT DJPA 160) pi. nfllX Git 60b(49)
[Van nmx OHR ib. 39:25); '"HIX blJ'BV to
weave net traps MQ lla(4) [Var: nxmn HP
177:17]
Expl. At: om ... Vpi iv nvm p r"i»y p '-imx im ''b mix
o'tranniMi rrsa jvtioo r-M ppyi rfam'a) d'ixi nea^a D'3rn
DH1M pira niBiyn IN D'SIiI AC 1:43; Rati: TpB^X 'TliTIX, i.e.
Jjiill traps. The mng. of the word is also clear from the // in
PT MQ 81b(5); Lit: N. Waldman, JANES 6 [1974] 25; Y: 'THIN
MQ ib.(BAYTN 143).
TUN 4 Vl#TOX vb.
KJT1N n.f. goose (< Akk usu#2 < Sum uz AHw
1438; Ma XTX1X f. MD 9, Sy rrto LS 184, Arab
jj>> jj Wehr 34; 4- XI11X 13) sg. XT1T3 XI11X 'XJD'X
rDIHPX X^l a goose was sought for one zuz and
was not found Sot 48a(48); Ket 27a(45); XT11X
5?31X3 mH HXn xn?3 a goose (is sold) for a zuz,
(and) its lung (used medicinally) for four Hul
49a(15); XTTIXi XBTJS XT11X1 xn»» fat of the
goose in the wing of the goose Yom 84a(24) II AZ
28a(28) [used as a medicine]; XB1J3 'b *]"W1
XT11X1 he rubs it on [i.e. the ointment] with a
goose feather Git 86a(ll); pi. "j'Xin ]TH 'TllX 'M
pm D'» ^ 11J?3 X'D3 |n3;it27»1 since our geese
are found in the water, they are like water fowl
Hul 56b(l); 1.TD11 "linn 'IHX "|JiT? M'TIT)
VTOawa we saw those geese whose wings
dropped off from (the weight of) their fat BB
73b(33)
Lit: FI, TMW 1:279; Y: XT11X Sot 48a(48; BAYTN 74).
I011X n.m. station (for travelers; cf. MP awahan
T T- v
fortified place CPD 13, Armen avan small town,
village Hubsch, AG 112; 4 XnSJTIX; Sy ndj'ooK-
house, inn to spend the night LS 7, Ma X3X1X
quarter MD 9, Armen avan Hubsch, AG 112) sg.
'311X1 X311X "?3 each and every station Naz 7a(16);
xanxV XJllxa from one station to another AZ
65a(46); Tan lla(l)
Lit: Tel 9; F. Rundgren, OrSu 14/15 [1965-6] 75+; Greenfield,
IJ 1 [1982] 10+; Friedman, BM VI:192; on the GN XJUX, v.
Eshel, JSB 12; Y: XJ11N Tan ib.(BAYTN 75).
NIMllN n.m. trader (< MP awahan [4 XJ11X]
+ -kara traveler, i.e. one who travels from one
station to another Shaked, Irano-Aramaica 172)
pi. 'TOJllX VUn those traders Suk 30a(29; E2M2);
'T3111X Tib ITU '3 110 «]1D at last when the traders
cut it off [i.e. the myrtle] ib. 30b(3); 5(E2M2)
Geon. expl.: OKI xbsi <'3-i>y <p>wV3i _ x'wi n'3 bv ymbv
niVabK OHP Suk 112:9, i.e. OjJlill ^jj i5iij; Lit: Shaked,
ib., rejects deriv. of Geig, AAC 13; Y: nMIX Suk 30b(3;
BAYTN 296).
PUS 1 Vp3X Vb.
inilN, K1N1X n.m. pile of loose bricks (< Akk
amaru brick pile CAD A/2 4) sg. 'JS'Vt X111X Er
34b(42); X1X1X Bes 31b(25; Rashi ms.) [v. DS,
ad loc.]; ib. 36a(18; Rashi ms.); WTOy 1X1
XHX1X3 if he arranged them [i.e. the kiln-dried
bricks] in a pile TGDr49 107:16 = X11(1){')X3
HG1 195:56!
Geon. expl.: p'Nl IflX '3J 'jy inx trim D':^ 'B 'H'Vl K-«<1>X
imp 'oib pw^a ,11 ^>sx ni in m '3J b>y m niiow -iai tai ]"i:a
jnNlN Ar [OHP Er 93:25], i.e. MP abarag superior CPD 1; Lit:
S. Kaufman, Lesonenu 36 [1972] 29. Shaked, Study 175+, has
recently suggested an etym. from MP *awwar, NP bam 'wall'
from an earlier *abi-vara, a-vara [cf. Hubsch, AG 22]. Even in
the mss. this word is reg. spelled NT1N under the influence of
the common word I NT1N.
[nilN 4Wl#13X vb.]
EhlN vb. to make a noise or a sound, be
noticeable (denom. < Mir *awac [cf. MP awaz
voice CPD 13]; i Xtfrx) Pe. (a/) 1. to make a
noise: a. alone: 1,T7 yttflVli Kb y"3 W11XT |TO
N'TIN
87
NT1N
T "-:
since everyone was making noise, they could not
hear Ber 50a(37); '3p 'r3 WllX (the Angel of
Death) made a noise among the reeds BM
86a(32; Ar [AC 1:48]); r,)3,?'X T3 K?11X VlX"1 (the
Angel of Death) went and made a noise among
the trees Sab 30b(5); XP1XT XinUl a troop (of
soldiers) which was making noise Ber 58a(29;
OHP ib. 106:7) [v. Geon. expl. infra]; 'ana
1P1X XpT Xin nrilSTS they make a noise out of
fear of it Hul 53b(3); I'TIH '^HX the residents (of
the courtyard) make noise Er 48a(45; O) [v.
RaH]; wra xdix r\b nns: -ni m^ a lung which
when you inflate it makes a noticeable sound HP
200:13(HPQ 201:20); ]yyv 'X X^llXT HXn 'XH
Xtt?llX XS'na (as to) an (inflated) lung which
makes a sound, if we know from where it makes
the sound Hul 46b(5); ib. 8; 47b(40); b. w. ty at
s.o.: TTnan y"3 rvby aniX everyone shouted at
him: -pi3»n! Ber 50a(41); Ket 50b(4); 2. to be
noticeable: XJlV'a XWllXT the matter will be
noticeable Er 97b(3); MQ 12b(49) [= GeonH
X'Dmsa TW31 HR 131:6]; 'Xnp 'W11X the verses
are noticeable (by their large number) RH
35a(14; Ar [AC 1:48]); pass.part. UWQ fm
x(e;,"13 to) nnsT x'nn ©nsa n,I7 xehxt since
these cases are noticeable to him (by their
number; v. MBB 8:1), he explains that with
which he begins first Ned 2b(28); XEHX xbl XH1
Kb ib. 30
Geon. expl.: ]«'X' in OHP Ber 106:7, i.e. 5ji~«j jii a troop
which clangs [jJ.IV] (its weapons); Lit: Geig, AAC 14;
Shaked, Elements 154.
N'TIX, X'OIN n.m. a certain measure in the
dialect of Pumbeditha (etym. unkn.) sg. XTX
X'TIX U^Dl an '.-measure and a half '.-measure
5e?29a(3)[V17:.X'01X]
Geon. expl.: 1. Jl'WP; 2. XWDIn i.e. one sixth or one fifth Ar
[AC 1:49]; Y: NJTW ife(BAYTN 143).
Nb"T1K4-l#XI7''mXn.
Kf^i'TIK n.m. expenses, support money, capital
(< Mir *uzenaq [cf. MP uzenag expense, cost
CPD 85]) 1. expenses: sg. XprilX V<l)C)p2;
n^lS nx msyi take the expenses and do all of it
BB 6b(28); 2. support money: sg. Xpj'TlX 'piSJn
y\r\b p'bdi na xriT3 xnT inrcb to dispense
support to the orphans month by month (in an
amount) sufficient for them Dec 9:14; ib. 7;
XprilX nby (x:)(nj?lpSJnai I shall make him pay
support Geon 213:19; ib. 23; pi. Iin'pmx S$Hai
17b(10); ib. 17a(18); 3. capital: sg. ,TV Tfbl ]Hti
XJiri'X 3DraV XpJ'tlX one who does not have the
capital to marry a woman Seel 5:6; mill ^0 '3131
TOTO XprilX TOyai to sell a Torah scroll to
create capital with its money ib. 9; 13; TOJTa
XTDOn1? Xprm to create the funds for the eulogy
ib. 14:39; HG1 451:32(Var); ib. 433:57(Var)
Lit: Geig, WZKM 44 [1937] 199; id., AAC 16; Tel 10; Eps, Stl
103+; Y: NJM'tN BB 6b(28; BAYTN 210).
[NVTIN 4 X"?T'X n.l
N3T1S n.m. bathtub (< Mir *awzan [cf. MP, NP
abzan bath CPD 4, PED 8]; I X1J1I3X; Sy
rdii'orV' etc. LS 8, kIho ib. 184, mng. 2) sg. XIT1X
Xmoa '3 X'aT a tub of water in the bathhouse Ber
22a(55); X'ai XM'ITIX Sab 157b(6; HG1
243:91 [Var]); TOi ,tV XTinn X'BT X3T1X a tub of
water into which the menstruous woman
descends GnK2 21:14
Geon. expl.: X'BI WI1N XITO fmo ^>» 'B3N TD3 f33 'B3N 'B
Jtl '1 'XI JT'B3 l<l>n fl'OTXS GC 89:4, i.e. Arab o~£- [cf.
ModSy xoda large vessel for water Maclean 84], ojj [cf, Sy
— — jjx^a-s.^ ocn ... rilsit BBah 664:16]; on the rdg. w. zayin,
cf.: N3T1X Vbx ]3 WN 13HB0 ta3 X'OT XJllX V'l 3Ti1 «'3T 3n3Bl
3T 'BO 3T TiyaV pi ril3'B'ri 'OIJ pi f'!3 Agur 19:10 [contra
Ar (AC 1:45, s.v. XJ11X)]; Lit: Low, WZKM 25 [1911] 187; Eps,
GC 8912; GCIntr 61.
KT'BTIK 4- 1# XT'SWIX n.
NITW n.m. (uncertain) sg. Jimp '1 Vy naX'
JTIXTIX he should recite over the four corners of
his... HM 41:16
sanniN, f. 'nnrnx I xmnx pron.
KT1K n.m. air, climate, space (< a6f|p L-S 30,
Lehnw 17; JPA TUX DJPA 38, MH T11X Yeivin,
BV 896; cf. Sy ■iri'rV' LS 1) 1. air: sg. xp XTlXtt
'3T it grows [i.e. gets its nourishment] from the
air£r 28b(10); Tern 31a(l 1); pr» 'jnxa 13T '3T»
'y\H1i xVl 'pr 'Tixa (mushrooms) do indeed
grow out of the ground, (but) they actually draw
their nourishment from the air and not from the
ground Ned 55b(13) // Ber 40b(41); Sab 15b(2)
[* 4 Xtfll ground]; Git 8b(9); VsVsa XT1X the air

KP'IK
88
D31K
T
mixes up (the saps of the tree) Git 22a(29) II BB
27b(ll); Hul 75a(25); Er 102a(40); K'^TOT fl'3
'J'3 T3T XT1X D3 t?*V» since (the pot) is raised
(above the stove) the air in between dominates
Sab 37a(44); Pes 30b(42); Suk 36a(10); 7ev
75b(38); Hul 93b(4); Mrf 55a(23); 2. climate:
sg. D'3ni3 Vx-lW pXT XT1X the climate of Eretz
Israel makes one wise BB 158b(14); 3. space,
cavity: sg. XO'J 'Xmi Xd 'Xm XT1X space of
this side and of that side Er 10b(9); Sab
100b(35); XJtai XT1X the (internal) space of the
vessel AZ 71b(5); Zev 92b(35); 4. blank space:
sg. KTb-'XQ-l XT1X the blank space of the (leather)
sheet Git 20b(12); xp ]'»H XT1X 'Trl'aV X'jm "p
Vxaen XT1X X'ln that (scriptural section) which
should face the blank space on the right side (of
the leather) faces the blank space on the left Men
35a(7)
On the form of this word w. waw which reflects its original
digamma, v. H.B. Rosen, JSS 8[1963] 67; Voc: XT1X Suk 3a(l;
O9); Y: XT1X j6.(BAYTN 241).
KtP'IN n.m. (uncertain) pi. 'WIXI XTin^'XI 'X'XI
'DSm5o37:l
1#«V?M< n.m. food (I Vl^DX; TA ,t931X TO
Lev l:i6, Sy KliaoK' LS 17) sg. X"?D1X Xlp^a
xVdix xnism originally it was food and now it is
food Sab 19b(5) // ib. 145b(10); 118a(26); x"731X
X1H mD'XT (an egg) is food which has been
broken off Bes 2a(13); Hul 14b(24); mB'»7
irwa xb x"?3ix "to1? irrriD xVsixs we may
indeed take pains (to prepare) the food. We
indeed may not make (it) into food Sab 155a(25);
Hul 36b(42); Men 102a(38); Ber 36a(32); Yom
80b(31);5M42b(15)
Y: X^31X Sab 145b(10; BAYTN 144).
n.m. a fullers' vessel (etym.
uncertain; cf. Sy k't^.ds r«l«-Lae\-a BBah
875:9) sg. rrcmna Vb? to nsp x"?(3)(3nx 'xn
X'ai the fullers' vessel is like the coulter of the
plow Sab 123b(14); San 92a(7) [expl. MH ppia
ni333 WIX ib. 5]; «]ri01 nXXpT X"7(3)(311X WX
n'tt^nx he brought the fullers' vessel and
overturned (it) on his head ib. 104a(25); H"na
nSpT "7<3)(3nX3 he struck him with the fullers'
vessel Ned 23a(12)
Geon. expl.: ,13 ^lll "|1TX n:|7 TOX131 nyVl HSJ7T X^IX inn
mill ty D'B 0ai3 OHT Sab 117:17; OHP ib. 79:28; X^IX
pip 'xns niy»i pipiv fxyV vi"T3 nam °?n3 iv 'Vs nxpi
D'b>3n TO IBS1? ]'l»p3B 1'0313»31 D'MJp tD'3]p3 3j7p3D1] 1" ^>W
xVsix vnx in po-iiBi c'jnjn Vy nnsj vnnn jrpjai mix pis
]'nM3>JlDl pBJnai 0'1J3 TRN 632:1; Lit: Eps, Stl 43+,
emended the text to X^31X, and this is followed here, since it
seems likely in light of the Sy parallel; however, the tradition
of the mss. and the Geon. responsa overwhelmingly have the
rdg. xtalX, and X^31X is essentially found only in the edd.; Y:
xtalX Sab 123b(14).
n.m. dimness of the eye (< Akk
uklu#\ darkness AHw 1406 [rt. ekelu to be
dark]; Ma X'nVoy XJ'X a dimmed eye MD 349,
s.v. xboy) sg. xVdix *\m ... x^ix n"?nn the
beginning/the end [i.e. an advanced stage] of
dimness of the eye Bes 22a(46) // AZ 28b(39) [in
a list of eye afflictions]
Geon. expl.: By» T'THMl rhv 3X3.1 T^ll nmse ]'y X^31X >nD
OHP Bes 55:10. This word occurs among a list of eye diseases
and may poss. refer to a cataract or a type of blindness [contra
M. Geller, BiOr 43 (1986) 741]; Y: xVaiX Bes ib.
n.m. multitude, crowd of people,
troops (< 6x^.o<; Lehnw 18; Sy «j»c«_Lar<' LS
18; mng. 2: JPA l'DT731X DJPA 38, mng. 2) 1.
multitude, crowd of people: sg. 'WSJT ]V>3
W3<')»n X0,!?31X3 IDTiasn since your wisdom is
great, you are considered as a multitude Ber
5 8b (3 8); "XpT imx "b ,T>rD»X *]D1' 12 pnS' 3T
'tM'XI X0V73X3 PN found PN2 situated among a
multitude of people Pes 72a(10) // Ket 50a(41);
2. pi. troops: n'V ]«n'ai ">vrfn. 'oiVsx mwai they
sent troops : investigators and brought him Ber
44a(19; MGD 711:18) [double rdg.]
Lit: S. Friedman, Ros Vol 413, points out that there is no
authority for the spelling of this word with zayin [contra J 25];
Y: X0&3X BAYTN 242.
D31X, DK31N, f. KflMlK, 'n»31N adj. black, n.
pupil, algae (V03X; i Dtt'X, Xa3y; TA D31X TOv
Lev 13:31, Sy rd^uLrc' LS 18, Ma xa3iy MD
343) I. adj. black: a. objects: sg.m. XaX31X X'DS
black bucket! Meg 14b(49) [+ //'s; 1 1#XV1S];
XB31X XB?13V a black garment Nid 20a(15); Ket
107b(41) // Pes 30b(24) // AZ 33b(36) [4- X'JIp];
HM 44:2 [4- Xlia]; f. 'nasiX1? Xria31X a black
(grape) for a black (pustule) AZ 28a(41); pl.m.
'aX31X 'JXOa black shoes Tan 22a(13); BQ
59b(l); Nid 20a(17); Sab 147a(3); f. nan 3»
KS31K
T T
xna31X seven black dates ib. 109b (16); b.
animals: sg.m. Xni'n 13 Xa31X rm X831X 31T XH1
mil did not this (case) of PN, in fact, concern a
black (cat)? It was a black one born of a white
one BQ 80b(18); Sab 77b(18); 'a31X3 XTI'n
Xmp"? Xirn3 Xa31X1 a white (spot) on black
(skin) and a black one on white is a defect (in an
animal) Git 68a(7); Men 3a(51); Ate 31b(15); f.
xna31X TQ Xna31X xmJl» a black cat(f.) born of
a black one(f.) 5er 6a(15); Tia31X xn^linn a
black hen Git 67b(24); BM 86b(29); 'nasiX XT'?
a black goat 5e£ 8b(40); i& 39 [i 1#XAI]; c. skin
complexion: sg.m. Bek 45b(27) [expl. MH '©IS
Mib. 7:8]; "TV X311 Q31X ^013 311 XX1J a short
person, his belly is large, dark-skinned, and his
teeth are large Ned 50b(18); f. Tia31X xrra a
dark-skinned daughter MQ 9b(46; V); pl.m. ^22
'a31X dark-skinned children Ket 60b(55); II. n. 1.
pupil of the eye [Sy *?' • v'i pdSa.acipc'
PSmSup 17]: sg.m. X'TX3 XH X331X3 XH this
refers (to a defect) in the pupil, that to the red
area of the eye Nid 23a(33) // Bek 40a(44; Ar
[AC 7:44]F[corr.]); 2. a type of algae or moss:
sg.f. 'rim Xna31X algae of ditches Sab 20b(37;
M) [Var: Xrma3X Ar (AC 1:78); I XJtfUtf];
'31XT Xna31X algae of boats ib.(38; M) [Var:
Xrma3X Ar (AC ib.)]; 3. pl.det.m. black spots:
'asiX 'a31X various black spots (on the lung) Hul
46b(32)
On the neg. connotation of a dark skin complexion, cf. "llinn
nnni-m»'7 run Tan 23b(49) [* nB'Wl]; RaH: ^P line? X031X "Bl
l'y Ar [AC 7:44] [mng. II.l]; Geon. expl. [mng. II.2]: 'TO3X
X'm xTOi3»Ti 'X'-im 'xn:uw jm1? pwis '3txt xnosxi 'X'im
XW '3iy ]W*72 nawi O^n '» "?y» XpiT TRN 574:3 [mng. of
Arab gloss uncertain; v. Brody ib.]. Lit: Low, Flora 1:15; note
also the spelling TOy HP 199:5; Y: XB31X Sab 77b(18; BAYTN
267).
NS31N, K9K31K n.m. saddle (I V2#*pX; Sy
rtliioK' LS 19, > Arab ijlii Fr, AF 105) sg. Kb
XD31X 'PJ'X 'Vl^ia people do not lend a saddle
7ev 120b(7) // BM 27b(20); xnan ^np -p3n
I'SJ1? tt?ia XS31X (if) your friend called you a
donkey, prepare a saddle for your back BQ
92b (16); BB 45a(13); XS31XT msn holding of a
saddle Er 27a(22); XDX31X TGAs42 24:2; SMe/
42:4
Geon. expl. [Er ib.]: riT ma 3'311 msi XB3XT X13J 33TB
1#K»1K
n'by (what is) riding of a man on the saddle? While riding a
man places his hand upon it Ar [AC 1:82]; Y: XB31X BQ
ib.(BAYTN 267).
K3X31K n.m. fatigue, pressure (VpN
< I Vfpy(?); cf. Ma X'VXXSX it chagrins me MD
17) sg. X3X31X Jiana rfrirt one who is sick because
of fatigue Sab 106b(37; OAr [AC 1:83]); X3S31X
nVtJp fatigue killed it [i.e. the cow] BM 36b(42;
Ar [AC ib.]); ib. 78a(26; Ar [AC ib.])
Lit: Friedman, BM VI:13541. In the mass., the kaf is generally
corrupted to bet, e.g. XJXX31X BM 78a(26; H).
N^IN, N^^N n.m. (uncertain; perh. < X^IJ?*;
i ~jy?y; cf. Sy ■«* VV v entrance, beginning LS
524) sg. fryisi xm xVVixs ni3 xn"?n '^yai xn
xV^1X3 XTI3 in this (case) is where they bring
three kors (of olives) in ... [to the press]; that one
is where they bring one kor in ... BM 105a(36)
[Var: xV?X Ar (AC 1:96)]
Y: xVVlX BM ib.(BAYTN 144).
XtiblX n.m. thick part, strength (< xa^lj?*;
I VnVx; cf. Sy rdia-So-i. renewed youth LS 528)
1. thick part: sg. XaVlX1? XJIBlpa from the thin
part (of the umbilical cord) to the thick part Sab
134a(32; Ar [AC 1:97]); 2. strength: sg. 'KB
■pa 'Xm .TaViX why is this (opinion) preferable
to that one? [lit. what is the strength of this one
over that one?] Er 29a(31); Sab 157a(12); Yev
14b(7); AZ 36b(10); Hul 73b(22); Kar 4a(29);
Nid 8a(7)
Lit: Bacher, Term 6; Y: Xa'jlX Sab ib.(BAYTN 144).
n.m. traditional teaching (V^VX; TA
xfsVlX TO Dt ll:2[GTO 559], JPA ls"?1X DJPA
39) sg. xJsbixT n'a»a 'ax ia pa 3i 'axi pn
said in the name of the traditional teaching Er
67a(38) [Var: 'sb'-X M, PN of an Amora]
Lit: Bacher 8; Y: XJB^X Er ib.(BAYTN 273).
1#SB1N n.m. barley flour (etym. unkn.) sg.
xaiXT Xn'aaip mold of barley flour Pes 42a(35)
[an ingredient of MH 'V?an nni3 Mib. 3:1]; HG1
274:65
Geon. expl.: iy jo-a wix i'P3'ai mix I'tajaw Dmyw nap xw
nril3 Uaa ]'»iyi fBynaB TGHark 179:10. Lit: Geig, AAC 200,
s.v. 2"inB, is skeptical about connecting this word with NP umaj
barley porridge PED 122. The connection proposed w. Sy
rcLsoor!' [v. Low, Pfl 374] is unlikely; Y: XaiX Pes ib.(BAYTN
17).
89

2# K»1N 90 l#NSaiN
2# NaiK n.f. lobe of the lung (4- XJ1X mng. 3)
sg. TWTI XaiX Geon 27:1; pnDi xaiXI X31X
XTB1D iyi IH'ap'ya a (large) lobe and a (small)
lobe which adhere to each other from their root
to their end [i.e. their entire length] Geon 27:17;
ib. 19; pi. x^xatn xim xran 'aix 'mn the two
lobes of the right side and the one of the left
TGHark 159:31; ib. 20
Lit: BY 102, s.v. 2#01K.
NJiaiN, KJKTQIK n.m. estimate, assumption
(4- ^l#iax; MH2 naix J 26) 1. estimate,
assessment: sg. X31B1X '573 Vl"U an adult requires
an estimate (concerning the amount of time until
the next feeding) Yev 114a(31); 'V xrf? XiXiaiX
why do I need an estimate (of how many lashes
he can bear)? San 10a(42); XJH 'm xnaiX an
estimate by the court (concerning the injury) BQ
9ia(i); xn"?n '3i xrraixa mwy m xnaix 'jxe?
an estimate by ten (men) is different from an
estimate by three (men) Ara 19b(43); Svu
42a(34; F2); XJXiaiX HP 57:12 [* xnrTCPa
measurement]; XJiaixV JlTll he is in the category
of estimation (with regard to valuation) Ara
20a(13); Xiiaai XIIBIX an estimate in regard to
monetary matters Yom 83a(17); pi. ':xi»1X 'in
two assessments [i.e. two biblical phrases
regarding an assessment of a fatal injury] San
78b(22); TGHark 98:24; 2. assumption: sg. "?'TK
XHD1X *ini he follows an assumption
(concerning his intention) Ket 55a(24); ib.
68a(44); BB 27b(34); ib. 132a(18)
Voc: X3101K HGP 12b:14; Y: MiaiK Yev 114a(31; BAYTN
266).
NJaiN, K3K»1K n.m. artisan, bloodletter,
T T 7 ' 7
circumciser, barber (< Akk ummdnu AHw
1415, s.v. ummianu, AIOA 109; 4- xniMlX; TA
xSaMx TO Dt 27:16[GTO 478], Sy rcd^.oK' LS
25, Ma XJX&iy MD 344) 1. artisan: sg. X3X3
NJXaiXi the door of an artisan San 29a(29); 2.
expert: sg. XJaiX Xri3t3 an expert slaughterer
NDGR 240:8; 3. bloodletter: sg. BM 97a(20) //
ib. 109a(47) // BB 21b(10) [in a list of
professions]; Sab 156a(44) [in a list of
professions characterized as DT TWX spiller of
blood ib.]; Ber 64a(9) // Hor 14a(14); Tan
21b(32); XJXaiX X'3^9 so-and-so the bloodletter
San 26a(3); XiaiX H'1? 'BXW the bloodletter will
let (the blood) flow from him Sab 129a(50);
'■?pE? xaaix rmp 'an' Tin '»x am xnoii nai na'ax
na'BXV Xn'Bp Xiip n'V PN, PN2, and PN3 were
seated before the bloodletter. They took the first
vessel (of blood) from PN Nid 20a(4); XJTp
X3B1XT the bloodletter's vessel Mak 16b(26);
XiBlXT XSDn the bloodletter's sherd Git 69a(13);
XJB1X^> 'tn (a pottery vessel) is suitable for a
bloodletter (to collect blood) BB 20b (3); XJB1X
V'TOl a bloodletter who circumcises HG1 216:68
[v. mng. 4]; pi. BB 23a(l); 'JBIXI 'Jip Sab
154b(8); 4. circumciser: sg. fa x"?T XJB1X 'xn
X1H 11330 a circumciser who does not suck (the
blood) is a danger Sab 133b(33; V); 5. barber:
pi. 'JXB1X Vr?13 all the barbers Meg 16a(18)
The mng. of this word is uncertain in the phrase XJ81XT NO'S
San 48a(6) [in a mnemonic; expl. as r^'Sn 13 n'nV IXtfyw 0'3
XjniKl TGWeisz 80b:2]. The major usage of this word in JBA
as 'bloodletter' does not seem to be found in the other A
dialects. Note, however, that in the fol. Sy text, the mng. of this
word is 'surgeon': J-urc" ■jns-ira ore" rf'Ai \ *ig <->n ri_fi^»rc'
^fLTUajiu ._»:* tea .en_i ^eyJr*' K'-wiua «Ac\ \,*w r£jc_lT_^A
cni_£a_x~n cna\o-ir^_» ocr> i<1jljt_^ .\ ^ n •** * Tr**" .-ia
ro-U^a Lagarde, Did. Ap. 47:14. Y: NM1X Ber 64a(9; BAYTN
269).
NJTIjaiN n.f. skill, profession (< Akk ummdnutu
AHw 1414; 4- X3B1X, xniMlX "?J?3; TA miSlX cs.
TO Ex 35:33, Sy k'&c.-i-^ic.k' LS 25) sg. xm
mail XnaP3 Xm:aiX (if) one saw a skill (being
performed) on the Sabbath, and he learnt it Sab
103a(10); Mak 8b(27); VP'niMlX X"?'t their
profession is debased Qid 82a(38)
Y: KJTU0W Sab ib.lBAYTN 291).
ISNXaiN n.f. piece, morsel (< XSaiy*; Sy
pc'I^tso.v f. morsel LS 531, K'T-co-ian V, 'a.
rd^aJUiAa PSm 2915, Ma XXBiy m. morsel,
fragment MD 344) a. bread: sg. V»3X1 'im 'Vl
n'Bl XXB1X n'np:n xanj perhaps while he was
eating bread, a piece choked him and he died Kar
7a(49); Ber 45a(l; F); Svu 13b(2); XJHX mix
xa^aV XSaiX Xl^'a^ it is usual to throw a morsel
to a dog &6 155b(37); j& 140a(34); BM 71a(45)
// ^Z 22b(26); 5an 109b(39; MGG 312:7) [He:
2# NSaiK
t ;
91
t :
XnD'TJ; HM 43:7; gW 30a(35); Xpl 'inaT pa»n
'bncai n'saixb n'V naa xnan 'anp1? "?"y
sometimes when he is going (into the wine cellar)
to bring wine, he puts down his piece (of bread)
and forgets (to take it) Seel 93:15; ib. 106:38;
HG1 116:90; ib. 77:62(Var); SRAG 116:127
[unleavened bread]; b. meat: sg. X103T XXaiX San
39a(13); Sab 140b(22) [4- xpnx]; Ber 44b(38);
Pes 74b(23; M1); BB 22a(44; P1); xn'tya XSaiX
a fine piece Hul 44b(32; V"); i'& 48a(48);
93b(12; V"); 107b(12); X3p'T xa'^X XXaiX a
piece (of meat) on an empty stomach Sab
109b(18); Xrr7'»1 XSaiX "?3X (if) one ate a piece
(of meat) and salt Yom 80b(27); XSaiX H'"? n3S
he prepared a piece (of meat) for him Tern 8b(27;
Seel 46:92) [F: XlO'a TOp"? WX]; HG3 218:56;
ib. 61; pi. 'Xaix yv seven pieces (of meat) Git
69a(9)
Lit: Nold, MG 7; Eps, Stl 116+. Usage b may have been
influenced by MP xamiz [h'myc] pickled meat CPD 93. Some
of the refs. in this usage may poss. belong to 2# Kxaut; Y: KSBW
Sab 155b(37; BAYTN 144).
2#KX»ttt, NS»N n.m. a certain dish
t : ' t : t
containing meat (< MP amiz side dish,
vegetables CPD 8; Sy pc^jsiV a dish made from
raw meat LS 26, BBah 192:1) sg. xmx na 'JXB7
XXaixV 'tn<1)nj 73m a duck is different because
it is tender and suitable for a meat dish Sab
128a(53); ib. 142b(43); XSaixa TO'B "ja'aV to eat
from it [i.e. the deer] in an '.-dish Hul 59a(13);
ib. 113a(39); XXax HP 206:11(HPP 307:21); Seel
81:13
Lit: Geig, AAC 32; Eps, Stl 116+; Shaked, Food
[forthcoming].
XliaW, pi. 'aiN n.f. nation, people (Sy
K'iCbaoK' LS 24) sg.abs. naiX XTri one nation
Ara 14a(5); det. H'naiXT Xnaia the leader of his
nation Ket 17a(20) // San 14a(47); iSGF 110:11;
pl.es. xa"7y 'aiX the nations of the world TGAs33
211:3; det. '131X 'mn two nations Ara 14a(5); Sab
32a(15; MGG 439:3)
Y: rrnBW Ket ib.(BAYTN 200).
N31N n.f. ear, handle, lobe, gill (< 4- 1# K111X w.
assim. of -d-\ 4- 2#X»1X, xn'313'y; Peh ideog.
X'lIX pi. FiP 10:10) 1. ear: a. of humans: 1)
general: sg. ?mx& p'BJ xpi X»nn 'Xtn I saw a
maggot going out of his ear BM 84b(22); AZ
28b (23); pi. n'jnxa rxn'n'' p'sai iy •>nv in:v '-\
PN used to drink until vapor came out of his ears
Sab 129a(40; OM); 'X11X3 VlD'1?! x"?p TCb let the
report come and reach my ears Git 35a(45); RH
30a(9) [4- xnypn]; 2) pi. w. VpS3 af. [mng.
uncertain; v. note]: "I'llXtt 3T -f? xap'Sa I shall ...
you [lit. I shall take PN out of your ears] San
8a(3); Yev 60b(53); Ket 54b(9; V*); BB
11 la(27); Hul 132b(14); b. of animals: sg. xVaja
X31X from a camel (even) an ear (is valuable) Svu
llb(26); San 109b(16); Hul 59b(24); H'JIX ttn
the top of its [i.e. a grasshopper's] ear AZ
38a(23); pi. H'JIX 13T3T its ears are large Hul
79a(38); ib. 38a(3); San 106a(55); 2. handle (of
a vessel) [cf. Sy rChUi^if pi. handles LS 6, mng.
3, Akk uz/jw AHw 1448, mng. C.l]: sg. XJIX
Xp'n the handle of a skin-bottle Git 69b(48); '21X
X3Sm the handle of a pitcher Sab 108a(l); 3.
lobe (of the lung) [cf. nX'TT XTO HG3 145:21;
ib. 152:14]: pi. 'XT> H1? n'X '31X TIVW the lung
has five lobes Hul 47a(5); nxm '31X 'mn '3n
mn? ]'3'n0i two lobes (of the lung) which
adhere to each other ib. 46b(34); 47b(6)
[i X3W'n mng. 2]; TGHark 159:24; Geon 27:2;
4. gill (of a fish): pi. XJXfw <DW){Bno»'Jl Kb
.T32?a V'l'1? xVl ,T3!Xa X"?X skin a g.-fish only
from its gills, lest its skin be ruined San 100b(16)
Expl. Ar [mng. l.a.2]: 1. ~]V HiTOVO K3K I shall excommunicate
you; 2. ■pO'B '3N I shall cause you suffering AC 1:133; Geon.
expl. [mng. 2]: pi pN iya»a<3)D) OHT Git 158:7, i.e. jj oil;
Voc: TiW HPP 60:21; Y: Ki« fful 59b(24; BAYTN 159).
SJT31K n.f. (etym. unkn.) sg., only in phrase 'W
NJT31K to delay exacting retribution X1?! ]xa
-]n>2Kb n'^tt?'1? xV amn xaVai xn'Jix1? .ttto
the one [i.e. God] who did not delay exacting
retribution for the King of Edom will not delay
exacting retribution for you BB 22a(34)
A connection w. JPA iT'JIX, MH nXJVI 'fraudulent dealings'
DJPA 40 seems unlikely in view of the large disparity in mng.
between them; Y: KlJ'JlK ib. (BAYTN 38).
N031N n.m. unavoidable accident, unforeseen
circumstance, compulsion (4- Vo:X; TA x6lX TJ
2K 4:1, JPA MIX DJPA 40, MH l'65lX pi. Yeivin,
BV 859) 1. unavoidable accident, unforeseen
circumstance: sg. n'SBH XM1X an unavoidable

KpaiN
92
Nrisis
accident which is common Ket 2b(38); Ned
27b(6); BQ 114a(15); 5M 70b(9) // Bek 16b(l 1)
[4- xVlt]; flP 77:29; 7ev 100a(13); nVxttf Jljma
n'D31X3 3'TI'X from the time of the borrowing he
was responsible for an unavoidable accident
concerning it Ket 34b(26); Qid 47b(26); BM
96a(13); XITTIXT XD31X an unforeseen
circumstance of the journey ib. 73a(12); Qid
53b(17); ^B'a1? X'Xa x"n X031X X3'X1 X3TI1
Wmi X'V'Vn if there is an unforeseen
circumstance so that she cannot immerse herself
on the night preceding [lit. of] the eighth (day)
HP 136:15; 2. compulsion: sg.abs. 13X31 nana
031X3 X^3 'B?B3 of my own free will without
compulsion SSHai 4a(5); SSSad 185:30; det. ]1'3
'Jj?Bl nBl rt'D31X 33X V'Bp X\n since he will be
killed, he decides to transfer (his property) under
compulsion Git 55b(49); n'D31X3 ,T3 ]3'jn' px
'bsi we know that NN was under compulsion BB
40a(i); 'nrnn xo3ixa rreram xosix '3xw his
own personal compulsion [i.e. need of money] is
different from compulsion by others [i.e. use of
force] ib. 47b(21); TGHark 165:18; X3'"n X031X
X031X TOW compulsion of the heart is considered
compulsion ib. 74:31; 164:26; 166:16
Voc: XOJIX HPP 214:20; Y: XW1X BA/70b(15; BAYTN 144).
NpJIN n.m. (uncertain; 4- xp31J7) sg. l'3(T){in
Xp31X 1<1>{'}3T'^ XXaiX let the one who bought a
piece (of meat) buy a ... Sab 140b(22) [Var:
Xp31J7 Ar (AC 6:226)]
Geon. expl.: Wrw DlpO XW1 pjiy IXIsV I'lip '3"IJ7 'V3 AC ib.,
i.e. jU. The expl. of xpXW'IX Ber 44b(37) as tyXS pXV OHP
ib. 113:11, i.e. jUc young she-goat, jc.Li goat, must refer to
the above pass, in Sab; Lit: Nold, MG 582; Y: XjMW ib. (BAYTN
144).
01N vb. to soil, make dirty (perh. sec. rt. < VoiJl;
4- Vi#oaoa, Vi#2?sb; 4- xrrctoeto) Pa.: OippVoi
'lajf? in*? 'Dial '3fi'l (the ravens) used to go up,
sit (on the date palms), and soil the dates (with
blood) BB 23a(2; HG2 445:45); pass.part.
.TO'^3 00){')X&1 (the rope) was soiled with batter
BQ 18a(5) [Var: DTUW F'Ar (AC 3:256)]; '31
'ra xona xa"?'i rwsn 'svy1? xsnx xVsd when
she immerses herself, she should inspect herself,
lest she be somewhat dirty HP 136:19 // HG3
343:43(Var); ib. 355:90; Seel 113:13(Var);
'T» D(1X)(Xl)a BQ 82a(37) [com to: OllDa]
Itpa. to be soiled, dirty: 1,T3X» 'Dlina Xp Xfll
their clothes, in fact, become soiled (from the
blood) Zev 35a(17; V") // Pes 65b(9; V); Sab
75b(5); xro rry-o ]xonn'a xp nn his feet
became dirty from the mud ib. 46a(33); 113b(l 1)
[clothes]; 124b(39) [shoes]; Yom 53a(49)
[threshold]; ib. 59a(30); 'T» OlOTXI X3TI1 Seel
104:79(Var)
Lit: Eps, Stl 120, connects this rt. w. Sy x-cyX to besmear LS
272. Mo 17448 suggests that this is a sec. rt. < 0X».
1#N'01N, pi. '01K n.m. perh. nostril (etym.
unkn.) sg. XlflBi XJTl X'DIXX XT (placing) the
hand on the nostril is a step to fear Pes 112a(4;
M1) [4- xjd]; rr1? xb'jn xmra xia-fr n'b X3'?m
fi'ai IT01X3 X3'B n"?3X we saw a certain fish into
whose nostril an '.?.-worm entered, and it died BB
73b(16); X"01X3 Jl'1? ],!7"yi D'X3 D3'a (the fish) is
sound asleep, and (the parasitic worms) enter into
(its) nostril #u/ 67b(22) [v. HG3 195:15]; pi. 'D1X
XriX'TUn nostrils of (lion) cubs Sab 67a(31)
Lit: Bacher, ZDMG 47 [1893] 509, rejects all prev. etyms; Y:
'!DW BB ib.(BAYTN 144).
2# K'OIN 4- X'TIX n.
ktVboik 4- xtVbox n.
KTl'JpDlN, Nn'apOin n.f. a type of wood (etym.
unkn.) sg. XJVjpoiXT x"?ai a plank bridge of
'.-wood San 67b(33; HeAr [AC 1:197]); pi.
XTlX'jpDim XrMp a bow of /i-wood HM 42:6
Lit: Eps, Stl 45; Flora 4:142; Sperber, Nautica 11.
'SIN 4- XflBlX n.
N'SIN 4- l#X'Binn.
SriSIX, pi. 'SIN n.f. stump of the palm branch
(< Akk uppuWl AHw 1424, mng. 4, Landsberger,
Date Palm 35; Sy *jJS r^hv^arf BBah 85:1 [v.
Low infra]) sg. Suk 32a(20); "p '3D3 XX1B1XX VI
I have written a waw on a stump for you Zev
19b(14; V11) // 'Xp XT1B1XX T'XI Hul 16a(15; M)
[mng. uncertain]; XJ1B1X '3 X'aiT HX'1 a lung
similar to a stump //«/ 47b(2) [= GeonH bv T\Y\n
"7pT Wehizhirl 84:1]; ib. 4 [4- ri'B3]; ib. 5
[i 2# i'ns, jrtf ]; pi. 'to xp mm xnsi xinn1? n"in
nan ]"WX1 Hbp^lb 'SIX he saw a certain man who
KflMTK
93
t •• :
was throwing stumps (at a date palm) and they
caused the dates to fall off Git 61a(8; O3); X3HB
'B1XT a chain of palm stumps BM 30b(16; Es) [v.
Geon. expl.]; Hul 105a(37); Xm»'3 rX'"(]l»,Sl
xnnaa 'Dix '3 irrr» x^sisais xnrrx x'nm (may)
the misfortune that befalls me be great if I (have
not) caused (children) of theirs to be carried
downstream like stumps in the river AZ 26a(29)
[v. RaH]; XTT'CHB 'BIX Persian stumps Ber
44b(47; P)
Geon. expl.: ^xyaw p»Va I'XlpTO ip1?V I'ST^I? 'BIX I'Tl'W
XflBlX nnxn 'BIX 'OIX ]W'?2 J'XllpI ans^X OHT Ber 104:23, i.e.
ojS stump of palm branch Hava 649 [-1 2#X31D]; OHP ib.
113:12; WW npTf pi 313 'BIX '^xyDW jwbo 'B1XT X3nB
i,tw 'is 1.TW183 imx injim mpu'n^ nimns ins p»iy ^pi1?©
D'On 'JS ty 1'BWI J'BS OHT BM 54:13; Lit: Flora 2:326+; Voc:
XJ1B1X VTM 162; Y: XflBIX BAYTN 36.
NTUXIN 4- Xnj?3SX n.
'121j?iN, 'HJ71N v.n. a cantillation sign
corresponding to zaqef (lit. erecting; 1 Vmp af.
inf.) sg. BMsG 6:8
Lit: Yeivin, Fragment 104.
NJPIN, pi. "PIN n.m. a small weight
(< ooyKia = Lat uncia Lehnw 22; Sy r^ i n \t\rf
LS 30, > Arab i&\ Fr, AF 201) pi. "piX Xrl'tt?
KnVlO six '.-weights of fine flour Ber 44b(18; Ar
[AC 2:284]) [4- XD"p]
013'^piN n.m. the great sea (< cbKeavoq Lehnw
25; Sy isonlrCJ-nnr? LS 9) sg. D13"p1X3 X'a
'T'J lyii the water in the great sea is constantly
moving Er 46a(3); ib. 22b(3)
Y: DirjpiX Er 46a(3).
NnapiN n.f. answer, solution (4- Vmp af.) pi. 'Jn
XnxaplXI 'pTl'B these solutions and answers
TGHark 50:21; XfiXaplX H»3 nM'piXl we solved
it in several ways GS 80:18; 'J731X W1W*?
XDXaplX to give four answers to it TGHark
48:32; TGAs42 63:11; OHT Er 72:21; pnnxapiX
ISGF 58:4
NOpIN, KOplJ? n.m. corner area (Vopy, s.v.
4- V^pJ? pe., mng. 2: to twist; cf. Sy pdaa_j_n_Sb.
contorted LS 543, Ma XD'3J? confounded MD
349) pi. bra n3'3 'OpIX nb JVXT X3'n "73 wherever
it has corner areas, it is a large vivarium Sab
106b(26) [Var: 'DpiJ? 'DpiX Ar (AC 6:249)] II Bes
24a(23; Ar [AC ib.])
Expl. Ar: JTP1T AC ib.
KJ31W, N3N311N, Naailj; n.m. papyrus reed
(4 4# XB'lff; Sy rf \ Mr? LS 45, > Akk urbanu
AHw 1428 [NA, LB]; I 'SI) pi. 'JX311X ^'anX3
GC 19:6 [expl. MH '»? MKel 10:4]; '33^X1 '3p
reeds and papyrus reeds Sab 101a(ll); San
82b (28); '3311X1 XB'IX a hut of papyrus reeds
BM 42a(40) [Var: '3311jn XB'IS HG2
377:62(HGP 23a:ll)]; BB 6a(38); 'Bnx '3H
'3X311XT Suk 13b(4; HP 26:29); GC 94:5
Geon. expl.: 'TO 'yaw IW^Sl X81J 'W311X GnK5 168:1, i.e.
U;#; TGAs42 165:22; X3311X TSJ Eps, St2 354:2; Lit: Low,
Flora 1:566+; Voc: 'JXrilX VTM 41; Y: 'J3HX Sab ib.(BAYTN
266).
NnaniK*, pi. 'SIIN n.m. layer of bricks (perh.
< Akk urubatu#\, urbatu keystone AHw 1436)
pi. 'mix '3'3 n'THS'1? let him smear it between the
layers of bricks Git 69b(35) [v. Geon. expl.]; 'XH
'3TIX '3'3T X3'30 the knife which is between the
layers of bricks Sab 50b(42); BM 42a(32; F1);
riBB '31X '3'3 between the layers one handbreadth
BB 3a(50; TGAs42 156:18) [v. Geon. expl.]
Geon. expl.: x:3 ^X 71XBX0 p mps^ he pastes it between the
rows [cjlii.] of the building OHT Git 157:18; XH'V? XW''? p
'X01B ]"J'3 TGAs42 ib. 19; Lit: Eps, Stl 46+; AIOA 109. The
exact form of this word, however, is uncertain since there are
many varr. in the mss., e.g.: '3"nx, '31X [v. AC 1:34].
N'TllN n.pl. (uncertain) X'TllXT 'p» Ket
67a(37; Ar [AC 1:315, s.v. 2TOX]) [V5: 'p0
x'nnaoi]
NJ'^TIN, Kami n.m. bramble (< *awurdinnu
< Akk amurdinnu, murdinnu CAD A/2 90) sg.
(n)X3'Tll X3'XT X3'n Sab 67a(10); X3miXT 'r>0
thorns of the bramble //M 40:12 [glossed by
Arab £^j£ boxthorn Siggel 54]; '3'm '3'3 X'yi
it grazes among the brambles BQ 80a(38)
l#NV'niN, K^'TIN n.m. gazelle (< vfrny*
[dimin. of X^JIJ/*] w. dissim. of-zz- > -rz-]; JPA
Vliy DJPA 398, Sy t<JL>}o_s. LS 519, LJLA
X"7"XT X?'T"I1X TgCant 2:9, Akk uzalu gazelle kid
AHw 362, s.v. huzalu, Arab Jl> Wehr 672) sg.
,Tav 13 xam x"?'t11X a newborn aurochs BB

2# vfrrm
94
K5pK rrnx
73b(6; P'Ar [AC 1:277]) [Var: xV'TIX H (corr.)]
// Zev 113b(21); San 108b(35; He [corr.])
Lit: Nold, MG 118; AAC 66. The form X^niX appears also as
a corruption in JPA texts [v. J 33]; Y: X^I"HX BAYTN 270.
2# K^'TTIK 4- X"?nx n.
i#NrniN, xniN, cs. rniK, pi. Knrnto n.f.
road, journey, manner (4- VmX; TA XmiX TO
Ex 4:24, Sy reUjiorc' LS 47) 1. road, path: a.
general: sg. 'TVinX XfrTIX another road Qid
66a(19); ^Z48b(24); na D'O XV XmiX3 'aj?D 'XB
TJXOB why did you not wear your shoes on the
road? Tan 23b(26); 'Tin 'ina XmiX3 'VlXp mn
they were walking on the road together Ket
62a(20); Sab 51b(44); K>m 83b(27); gW 81a(7);
BQ 81b(22); mm X'Tl XUT7 HTCTn '3 'J?D 'XB1
iTfnixV TiTpOX XHTlXa '?D Xp why when you
saw a certain drunkard who was straying off the
road did you set him straight upon the road? Git
68b (32); 'J?Xt?1 XnTIX3 V'lXT jXD1? for someone
who is walking on the road and strays off HM
41:15; pi. SSHai 6b(10); b. w. a GN: sg. XHTiX
nips "Vm Ket 27b(5) // BM 81b(15) // Bek
36a(20); 2. journey: sg. 'm Xrya xp xmixV I
need them for the journey Hag 5a(17); Sab
75b(i3); wfnixa inviB;i xrrxn you are now
tired from your journey San 95a(22); X'TX ITUTlV
XmiX bo a lion accompanied them the entire
journey BQ 116a(27); xmiX3 TIX H1H '3 when he
used to come from a journey Er 65a(44); Hag
5b(45); XB1H fnV«n XriTiX a half day journey
TGAs28 26:8; XOTIXa pSTT 'jm ]Xa 'XHl one
who wants to set out on a journey Kar 5b(54);
Ber 30a(45); XmiXT XriTB the effort of the
journey Qid 53b(16); ib. 17 [4- XMIX mng. 1];
Sab 87a(4) [4- XtiViri mng. 1]; XpVTI ]nilX our
journey is far Suk 52a(54); Ket 67b(46); pi. 'psa
XflmiX Bo 71:10; 3. manner, way: a. general:
sg.cs. ran miX3 Ta nnxi warn him in the
manner of the law Dec 1:6; ib. 2:8; det. mn by
mwd? '3T nxnTl XmiX PN ordered the Mishna in
this manner iSGF 31:1; ib. 26:19; 39:3; XmiX '3
XflxV'XEH in the usual manner of the responsa
[i.e. w/o using the real names of the parties]
TGHark 275:24; pi. rra'XT XXimiX EttWa xV'X a
foal (which) upsets the ways of its mother BB
9b(9); pa rrjirnx yipm ttrax vmn xVi I did not
see anyone whose ways were trusty like this one
Suk 44b(26); niXWT XJlXflTiX TW those
(improper) ways of the office of the Nasi iSGF
92:17; ib. 52:10; b. w. pron. suf: sg. IX1? "l&
il'miX it is not your manner (to do such a thing)
Er 68a(8); XVI nmiX XH nmiX IX1? l"1p (damage
by means of a) horn is not its usual manner. This
[i.e. with its tail] is its usual manner BQ 19b(l 1);
ATe/31b(8); San 55a(7); AZ 49b(42); Bek 2a(20);
c. w. fol. inf. [cf. DJPA 42, mng. b.3]: sg. XlVs 1J?
bvti? nvnix ixV 'sd braV rrrnix it is usual for
(a field) to go down in value up to half. It is not
usual for it to go down in value by more BQ
7b(5); ib. 19b(44); 56b(15); Ned 72b(14); BB
168a(2); AZ 63b(8); Hul 4b(41); Ara 20a(54); d.
in var. phrases: 1) Xrfr'BT XmiX the usual case
[lit. the manner of the thing]: San 20b(49); Hor
5a(46); Nid 22a(31); 'JripT X'H Xrfr'BH XmiX it
is the usual case which (the Tanna) learns Er
82a(27); Suk 10a(31); BQ 56b(19); Hul 52b(32);
2) XIpT XmiX the usual manner of Scripture [i.e.
the biblical idiom]: XVI XnpT XmiX 'XH BM
96a(20) [w. ref. to Ex 22:13]; BQ 109b(8); BB
147a(21); Zev 92b(6); Tern 7a(9); 3) THIX '3 in
the usual manner: iTrVTIX '3 'JOB! he was walking
in his usual manner BQ 32a(28); Xp nvnix '3
n"XB when he dies a natural death [lit. in his
usual manner] San 47a(49); ib. 70b(34); Zev
31b(32); VPmiX '3 WD they used to put on their
shoes (on a fast day) in their usual manner Tan
12b(13); MQ 13b(38); Sot 9b(ll)
Lit: Bacher 16; Voc: VPlrrix HPP 280:14; Y: UniiX Pes 3a(3;
BAYTN 164).
- xjnx rniN, kin mix, Kjnin km-iik n.m.
proper behavior, usual behavior (caique < MH
Hx VI J 323; ^ WW *• ProPer behavior: sg.
a. alone: XJHX mix 1X^1 it was not proper
behavior San 17a(42); ib. 97a(39); Svh 30a(37);
b'TSp 'JTIX mix he instructs us in proper behavior
Nid 64b(36); Ber 7a(31); /& 49a(51); MQ
25a(47); ^Z 4b(32); BM 71a(35); ift. 84b(27);
XJHX mix IX1? mWJ?B TX3 less than ten (men for
the ma'amad) is unbefitting Meg 23b(27); b. w.
fol. inf.: inrxi 'xnax X3"?a arra"? x-ix mix ixV
'XII it is not proper for the king to sit outside and
njhk bs rnix
95
xn'niN
t ; t
for them (to sit) inside RH 8b(13); X3?"IX mix IX1?
ntjnsa Dins "OTXV it is not befitting to bring
less than a peruta Kar 10b(33); 2. usual or
customary behavior: sg. XIEPaV XJHX mix
XaW> XXB1X it is usual to throw a morsel to a dog
Sab 155b(37); XbVu BTC'X pawa1? XJHXl XmiX
XPBP1X3 X3E?ai a person customarily leaves an
(empty) pitcher and a hide in an inn Yom 12a(25)
// Meg 26a(42); RH 31b(46); Hag 13b(48); /1Z
10b(29)
Lit: Bacher 41; N£-|X mix Ber 7a(31).
- N^IN V3 rniN n.m. sexual intercourse (Sy
«liiK' cnion pdoieiK' LS 48, S.V. rdwiorc',
mng. 10, MH fix TVl BY 1001]: sg. CSj'^y Vya
XJ?nX Va miX3 to have sexual intercourse with
you SSHai 2a(l 1) [lit. to enter upon you as the
way of the world]
Lit: Friedman, JMP 178.
— "rniK 3SS prep, in an incidental manner
(4- aix; cf. MH wstj 'sb MSuk 2:1) aax xnb'a
p J?a»a Xp H'miX he informs us of (this) matter
in an incidental manner Zev 19a(30); Ber 2a(30);
Er 104a(5); RH 15a(8); Suk 21b(31); Bes
40a(38); Qid 69a(29); 5W 52a(31); Hul 83a(25);
^ra 14a(l)
Y: -rrilX 3JX Ber ib.
2# KPH1K n.m. guest (< MH mix J 33; euph. for
a one day fever; i 2# xmx; JPA 2# mix DJPA 42)
sg. '■? ybp'XT xmixV x'an xna jstix lend me a
pitcher of water for a 'guest' who has chanced to
come, to me Sab 66b(44); 'V J/Vp'XT 'XmiXT
VtX rravai am nwa my 'guest' who happened
to come to me, came and went on the same day
ib. 45
Y: xrnix Sab ib.(BAYTN 165).
l#NniN n.m. stall for cattle (perh. < Akk
uru#\ AHw 1435, AIOA 109; TA xniX TJ Is
1:3, Sy rdiiopc', pi. rc'ii'oiorc' LS 48) sg. B7n
n'mxa x'oio1? n'V nxwi V'sji xnin the ox runs
and falls, and (its owner) places a horse in its stall
San 98b(42) [prov.]; xniX XJaa1? to build a stall
MQ 10b(4)
Lit: AAC 67, s.v. N'lX; Y: XplN Mg ib.(BAYTN 145).
2# KpIN n.m. west (< Akk amurru west, west
wind CAD A/2 92, AIOA 34, 143; Sy \t<J\\o.rf
SIB 1:7) sg. BB 25a(48; P1) [expl. as fP T1X the
space of God ib.]; xmxa m» witnesses in the
west g/rf 12b (6; Ar [AC 1:46])
Expl. At: xmx aiyan d» ptno jwta -] B"Va "s AC ib. 47;
expl. RaH: 3-IJHS3 ... !fl'11X3 OHR Qid 16:27 [v. Tos. ib.]. As
pointed out by S.A. Kaufman, LeSonenu 36 [1072] 3234, the
ending X'" here is unusual since the Akk word does not end in
-u [v. also I X'l?13n]. The P word intended here is uncertain [v.
Geig, AAC 14]; Y: xnw Qid ib.(BAYTN 145).
J""11N n.m. teaching (4- V'T, pis ia) sg. abs.
'Xri'^ri |X"T1X a threefold teaching [i.e. the
Pentateuch, Prophets, and Writings] Sab 88a(14)
The sg.m.abs. form of the adj. here shows that this word cannot
be identical with the fol. entry as assumed by the
commentators.
KJVniK n.f. Torah scroll, the Torah, Jewish
law (4- V'T; TA XJI'TX TO Dt 17:18[GTO 133],
JPA T'-IIX DJPA 42, > Sy rCSLiorc' LS 49,
> Ma xn'XTiy MD 346) 1. Torah scroll: XXina
Xjnx by xnmx the Torah scroll is placed on the
ground Ned 14b(5); xrVTIXT 'TBD I'yaP seventy
Torah scrolls BB 14a(14); QV KTrmb nb np Xp
'" he calls the Torah scroll 'the name of God' {2S
6:2] Anan 14:6; 2. the Torah, the written law:
sg. a. alone: \>1V nbrtb XmiX 'pDa they complete
(the reading of) the Torah in three years Meg
29b(34); Ket 10b(40); Qid 56b(42); TO '713T ]T3
X^mxa since 'sword' (as a means of execution)
is written in the Torah San 52b(34) [cf. a"in '3^
Dt 13:16]; Men 41a(17); XJTTIX1 ,!7'a words of
the Torah Anan 25:10; '"11X3 "ITITpBT '3'n '3 just
as I commanded you in the Torah ib. 28:3; b. w.
a designation: rWUt XJP'TiX ISO the book of the
Torah of Moses Yev 39b(39); Sab 116b(6); SSHai
13a(20); HP 163:31; p'V'l ]iyi wrm the 'Torah
of the Gospel' Sab 116b(7); c. w. other parts of
the Bible: 'a'TOI 'X'33 'TT'TX the Pentateuch,
Prophets, and Ketuvim Qid 49a(38); Er 17a(5);
d. in masoretic notes: Xri'TX ISO BMsYFr 140:2;
ib. 142:3; XTTniXT XIS'O ib. 147:8; (Xfl")TiXT
BMsG 20:5; BMsYFr 151:1; XmiX Vl3 BMsG
19:29; BMsE 22:8; 3. the Torah as Jewish law:
sg. a. study: xnma n'flmx nrm pana xaiix it
is his (study of) Torah which causes a s.m. his
excitement Tan 4a(5); XJVTIXV "p^n 'XH this

*???>» W KfWK K„?^ 97 K^m
strength of yours is for (the study of) the Torah
BM 84a(40); JUTB XTTTIXI XJTITIXa you will die
in the glory of the (study of) the Torah Ber
56b(12; MGG 708:9); VlTX Xpi XJV'TIX ipaitf
XpO'y"? they abandoned (the study of) the Torah
and went into business Ket 69b(35); X1XB2/
XTVTIXI religious persecution of (the study of)
the Torah I$GF 87:1; pi. xb ]'JU3 p2>3 1'rP'TlX
yWO are our teachings of the Torah worthy (but)
our daughters are unworthy (for you)? Qid
71b(7); b. w. var. vbs.: 1) ViaJ pe.: V'PJT '3'1 '3
V333 XTl'IIX HOVi so that he should go to learn
Torah in GN Yom 87b(14); Anan 13:12; 2) VoiJ
pe.: XnmX3 D'll he studies the Torah San
88b(34); Anan 24:6; 3) V«pn pa.: ^lyb ]U'D'in
XTDSD3 xri'TiX3 sharpen your sons [i.e. make
them clever] in the Torah like a sword ib. 24:13
[w. ref. to 1'nV °??3©1 Dt 6:7]; 4) Vl3y pe.: "731
'ip'X 'II 'It?' XTl'IIX T3y X"71 any Jew who does
not observe Jewish law was called a pagan /&
7:8; 5) Vpoy pe., itpe. [JPA rwnxa poyna/poy
DJPA 414]: xnmX3 'X^33 'poy xVl and (yet) the
Babylonians do not study the Torah Pes 88a(5) //
Tan 9b(26); Sot 21a(29); xmixa 'poy'B Xp K>m
9b(38)
Lit: Nold, MG 134; ib., n. 4; Voc: KfrniX HGP 29b:28; xMlX
HPP 246:17 [v. also I. Ben-David, Lesonenu 46(1982) 147]; Y:
NJTniX BAYTN 202.
— Nn'^litn adj. Pentateuchal, having
Pentateuchal authority (* 4- pail) 1. Pentateuchal:
X3'X X31D 'X'SJI "?3X XnniXT 'V'a 'M this refers
to Pentateuchal (verses) [i.e. that there are only
five ambiguous verses], but there are many
(ambiguous) Prophetic (verses) Yom 52b(5); 13y
'3'n31X1 'X'3HX XJTTIXIX "IB you have
transgressed (the laws) of the Torah, Prophets, and
Ketuvim BB 8a(5); XXT'IIX "?3 by 13yi Dec 5:5;
Kin XITTIX1 1'DU XnT wm (the prohibition of
fasting) on the first day of the month itself is
Pentateuchal Tan 17b(41); XJVTIX1 'Jill p311 X1T\
Ktf-a Xfl'TIXI ('XWVl (the Tanna) learnt the
Rabbinic law (first) and (then) he learns the
Pentateuchal one. Let him learn the Pentateuchal
law first RH 12a(16); XJVnXI XIIO'X a
Pentateuchal prohibition Pes 92b(5); ip'SO
Xn"11X1 a doubtful matter in a Pentateuchal law
Yev 31a(29); XJV'TIXI Xy^'O a Pentateuchal sela
Bek 50a(9); xrP'TlXI XTiajntf the (hypothecary)
obligation is a Pentateuchal one Qid 13b(8);
pail XW1? ... XTT'TIXI XJ2/'1? biblical /Rabbinic
Hebrew Qid 2b(3); 2. having Pentateuchal
authority: a. alone: "b XXl'IIXIX xmiXI 'B11
TXB he raises an objection from one law having
Pentateuchal authority to another one according
to PN Er 35b(29); XmiXI ^VD p31 "U'j?m "73
U'pn whatever the scholars ordained, they
ordained (with a force) similar to Pentateuchal
authority Yom 31a(2) // Pes 30b(33) // Yev
lla(23) // Git 65a(l) // Bek 54a(13); b. * pan
having Rabbinical authority: xm XJl'TiXI XH
pan this has Pentateuchal authority and that
Rabbinical authority Pes 30b(32); Yev 113b(26);
P'V'pa xV 'jrnixia "73X pana jrV'pa '31 we
only rule leniently in a case of Rabbinical
authority. We do not rule leniently in a case of
Pentateuchal authority Hul 4b(6); XXl'llXI '"7B '31
X'nx iamm xnmxi bax p3-m pan xrmxn
Xri'llXI x"7D3B p3"n these matters [i.e. that one
commandment does not invalidate another] are
(in the case of) one having Pentateuchal authority
and another having Pentateuchal authority (or)
one having Rabbinical authority and another
having Rabbinical authority. But (in the case of)
one having Pentateuchal authority and one having
Rabbinic authority, the one having Rabbinical
authority comes (and) annuls the one having
Pentateuchal authority Pes 115a(15); Bes 5b(13);
Hor lla(54); Bek 30a(21); c. in phrase
XJ1"T1X1B: XrvilXia rvmy wbv p a thirteen
year old boy (must fast) by Pentateuchal authority
Yom 82a(ll); 131? XJB XrvilXia X113p how do
you know that burial is required by Pentateuchal
authority? San 46b(35); Yev 82a(15); Svu
31a(36);MW61b(22)
Lit: Bacher 2.
NSTIN n.m. length (4 Vl#"pX; TA X311X TO
Gen 6:15, Sy relMorc' LS 49, Ma X31iy MD
346) sg. ro-nx 'oib nm poy its length is
twenty-two parasangs Meg 6a(34); Ket 112a(2);
XII nSB n'311X ?'* the length of the (high
priest's) frontlet is a handbreadth Anan 10:6; ib.
12; 9:7; 'XII 1B3 xViyi X3TIX how much was the
length of the wagon? Sab 98a(9); ib. 22; X'11
nsnxV lypBI XJTQn a certain jug (of wine)
which split along its length AZ 60b(l); Kan
1'311X1 most of its [i.e. the bone's] length HP
206:8(HPP 307:17); xV'BD X311X1 XW33 XP'3
one bunch is like (another) bunch (in
circumference) and the length is of itself [i.e.
some are longer than others] Sab 140b(9); 'X
-paixV 1"1Wn if you plant it across its length Yev
63a(29)
Y: X311X Sab ib.(BAYTN 145).
[nX3"iiN 1 xna-nx n.]
NriDIIK, pi. NriNSniN n.f. power of attorney
(cf. I V2#"|1X af, mng. 2) sg. xVl X71311X "?3
XWB 13 ri'V ~[VSfr p'SXI '311 ]M ^T n'3 XaTI3
any power of attorney in which is not written:
"Go (and) take legal action, acquire possession,
and remove for yourself" has no substance BQ
70a(10) [but cf. TGHark 93:32]; P'3n3 '1BX X1?
''tD^BBX xrD"HX we do not say: "We may write a
power of attorney for movable goods" Svu
33b(18); X-'BXT XJV>:pX p3 XT13TIX power of
attorney is like a transfer of ownership TGAs42
8:9; xroTix n,!? s'.tt nnai nnan imaT ]xbt
rr1? rrx xrinx wvx imai nVina1? 'j/xsi ybvm
HT\W\ one who legally empowers another,
reconsiders after giving him power of attorney,
desires to annul it, and empowers another person,
has the right (to do so) HP 66:29; GS 188:11;
SSHai 9a(l); SSSad 160:7; pi. XJ1X3T1X TGAs42
8:26; xnX'JpX p \tPiV XIIXSTIX powers of
attorney are different from transfers of ownership
TGHark 93:30; ib. 33; 94:5
For the Geonic text of the xrOTIX 1BW, v. SSHai 32+; OHT Qid
64+; Lit: Harkavy, TGHark 90*; 359; Y: xwyita BAYTN 202.
NOmiN, K0S3T1K n.m. distaff (> Arab o-U> Fr,
AF 94) pi. OTIS Sab 91b(41); "?a '(X)0<X)3TIX
pan GC 57:6 [expl. MH X'tf'X MKel 21:1]
Geon. comm.: 1'jnv UX J'K Wiwa l'»3y yi"W 'a^ ITO^ai
inwB ix n»s in,,7S' ina1? imx I'wiyw D^p w D'xy x"?x 'o^nix
xsV'B1? 'Din n'ra xnsi po nswiai nra inix nxwu nwxm
I'yi'ym I'xiwpa -|-ix ]rh wi Q'Vsnn nsipa na m i'jx ixxbji
OHP Sab 49:26; D'Sy ini ^l^'frl I'XlW'p1? ]'an y\V 'MIX "Bl
pty'jn ina nnxn fxnifi inwo ix im irfVj? ptnw o'Jp ix
racial ">T3 ]nix nxei: n»xm o'jxiy mmni noxjny ^xyaw
nsW fOin pa ib. 22(Ar), i.e. iitfjc, pi. u^!>; Lit: GC
57IS; Rieger, Technologie 15l0; Y: 'WTIX 5aA ib.(BAYTN 266).
SJ^")1N, tMK^I! n.m. a dove or pigeon (< Akk
amurs/sanu dove, pigeon CAD A/2 95, ursanuWl
AHw 1434; Sy k*< y ip LS 186, > Arab o^jj
Fr, af 118) sg. xsjoa 'iXJT xax H'nawx x:x©-iix
Xffla'm my father [i.e. Noah] found the '.-bird
lying in the side room of the ark San 108b(47)
[Var: XJWTI OH San 541:12]
Geon. expl.: xin w i'bi [a"y a"|? i^in] D'asn naxw 'j'on xn
OH San 541:8; IXWTfrx naDX TD KJXBll ib. 9, i.e. <^\ jlL
jLijJll; Lit: A AC 14; AlOA 34; Y: XJ'W-llX San ib.(BAYTN
270).
NrniK n.f. night (etym. uncertain; cf. MH TiX
[""?] night of ... MPesK 1:1) a. alone: sg. Ber
3b(28) [expl. BH *\V1 Prov 7:9, w. ref. to IS
30:17]; Pes 2a(26) [expl. MH 1iX MPes 1:1]; ^3
xixan n,!? vr» nn xrnix each night they would
cast out to it [i.e. the lion] a donkey BQ
116a(27); xmiXT 'IHS ... xmiXTB IsV aside
from that [i.e. the meal] of the night, together
with that of the night Sab 117b(56); pi. pmn
xrmx two nights HG1 283:7; b. as opp. to the
day: sg. 1) * xaB' daytime: Meg 4a(24); Sab
138a(39); 2) * XISS morning: Yev 109a(17); Tan
6b(23); c. in phrase y">ru: x"1 xrnix the night
between x and y: i 2#TIJ3 mng. 2b; d. w. prep,
used adverbally: sg. 1) XJYTIX3: a) alone: (1) at
night: XTTHXa ^3 V?XB they used to pray in them
[i.e. the phylacteries] at night Men 36a(27); (2)
last night: XBinri3 XIVTIX3 ]31 JTIH xV you were
not with us last night in the study hall BQ
20a(41) [= H wax AZ 37a(8)]; BB 51a(12); Zev
2b(4; Ed); AZ 76b(20); Nid 63a(4); b) * X1SS1?
the next morning: \TWb '3,1 ]1T\V '1 'BX xmiX3
1'3 111 at night PN said so. The next morning he
retracted Sab 76a(14); ib. 136b(4); MQ 9a(43);
BM 84b(6); BB 30b(15); ib. 151a(25); c)
* XniBlpa at dawn: Bek 31b(18); 2) XmiX1?: a)
tonight: 1,3'B r\b 'J?3 Xp Xrnix1?! 13 ]"y pID go
(and) study it [i.e. the tradition on the matter], for
tonight he will ask you it Git 27a(17); Yev 61b(9)
// BM 20b(2) // BB 172b(3); IliBTXI Xnn'X X'1,1
XrillX1? XIBX'B XI'I1? a certain woman whom they
had subpoenaed to court in the morning for that
night [lit. from the morning to the night] BQ
113a(15; HP 82:12); b) at night [* XBT 'Vl3,

»3tflX
98
l#NT'Bt£MN
t • :
xisx3, xibxb]: 'mTixb xr3i lm xiw xmixV
inVx PN permitted them to smell (it)
immediately at night Er 40a(13); Bes 27a(4); Pes
93b(27); Yom 19a(31); #«/ 60b(22); AW
29b(20); TOO ^'1 xrmirtn XBV 'VlD xm'3'5? 135?
^(1){'(3X1 do (your) work all day, and at night go,
make an effort, and eat BQ 87b(21; F1); RH
21a(16); Tan 24a(20); X3'31 vf? K"W XTPllxV
inVx Timx1? PN permitted them to smell (it)
immediately at night Er 40a(13); Bes 27a(4); Pes
93b(27); Yom 19a(31); #w/ 60b(22); Nid
29b(20); m» Vn XJinxVl XBV '^13 XTlT3'y 135?
Xl)('13X1 do (your) work all day, and at night go,
make an effort, and eat BQ 87b(21; F1); RH
21a(16); Tan 24a(20); X1BX3 XBri 13 'BX11 mB'X
inrmra xrrro6i xan 13 ^ib noB'jV inrraro
XBrl 13 X3piJ? SI1? PN's mother assigned her
property to PN in the morning, and at night she
assigned it to PN2 Ket 94b(18); 3) XJlllXB from
nightfall: XJlllXB XBV to every day from nightfall
5M 84b(2); XJTTIXB H,!7 ^'OB'X 1E?3 the meat
became unfit from nightfall Pes 71a(42); Meg
7b(30); Zev 12a(23); Kar 18b(31); fier 3b(27)
[* H m>^ msn middle of the night]; 1J71 X1TTIXB
X1BX overnight [lit. from night until morning] Git
69b(26); Men 43a(l); ib. 89a(38); 4) xmiXf1?) 15?
until nightfall: XITTIX 15? H,!7 1WJ let him wait
until nightfall Yom 84b(33); 15? XJTXm X1BXB
inato XJ1TIX from this morning until tomorrow
night Ber 3b(34); xmiX1? 7? ltoa X1? they do not
pray until nightfall ib. 27a(41); Sab 136a(43)
Lit: Nold, NB 83, expl. this usage as J~. from H H1W 'light';
S. Friedman [forthcoming]; Voc: xrhix HPP 308:19; xfnix
28b:3; Y: KBTW Ber 3a(18; BAYTN 145).
'3B71K n. (word in charm formula) pUDl '1111
'3E7131 '32nx X1? &/> 67b(l; OAr [AC 2:234, s.v.
11])
Lit: Geig, AAC 69, rejects P derivs.; Y: '3t>X Sab ib.
KBStflN, KBNBtflN, NB3#K n.m. shoemaker
(< Akk askapu leatherworker CAD A/2 442,
AIOA 39; I XJ1B3PX, XBlffX, 1# XJTin; Hat *p2?X
DNWSI 123, Sy ^^rV LS 777, > Arab
i-iliil Fr, AF 256) a. general: sg. Xinm mjW
Tito xpi 'ixoa'V T3jr xbswix^ 'axp mm xi3i
'It? 3E? 'V he heard a certain man say to a
shoemaker: "Make me shoes which will last for
seven years" Git 68b(16; AsSM 76:25); pi.
'B3W1X 'ItJpl T"D13 in the case of (straps of
shoes of) Arabs which the shoemakers knot (in a
permanent fashion) Sab 112a(16); 'BX3ETIX SMel
42:8; 'S3WX Pes 42b(28); b. tools: I X3in mng.
2, i# xrnn, i# xDna, xms
Voc: 'B3IOTK VTM 116; Y: XMW1X G<7 ib.
l#NT'SfiftN, KT'BtfN, NT'BTIN n.m. inn,
lodging, hospitality (< MP aspin] hospitality, inn
CPD 12; Sy ^\ *■*•<' LS 53, Ma XU'BtP,
Xtl'BPX MD 471 [var. of XU'BB;]) 1. inn: a.
general: sg. ,11.11 XPBP1X XU11? XpriO'lB yto'X
ITS the messenger happened to come to a certain
inn where he was staying BM 86a(15); Sot
47a(35); San 67b(35); ib. 101a(37); 107b(26);
AZ 70a(14); Hul 7a(46); /fra 16a(6); Xl.1.1 1DB
XPBW1X li>3 XJ1311 they arrived at a certain place
(and) sought an inn Yom 83b(31); b. in proverbs:
sg. -|pbe?ix 'so yb xirnais (if) one of gn
accompanied you, change your inn (for fear of
being robbed) //«/ 127a(31); 2. lodging,
residence: sg. a. general: ia ,1,!7 'T>B m,1 XBV to
mPBPX IV ^XiaB/V X3piy PN used to accompany
PN2 every day to his lodging MQ 16b(23); Sot
40a(40); Yom 12a(26) // Meg 26a(42)
[i 1#XBV)1]; BM 24a(l); ib. 71a(44) // /*Z
22b(23); Gtt 44b(22) [* i l#xri'3]; mm X13U
"lis 'in -\nb jrx am xpbehx d'jm they had two
beds for a man who took up lodging there San
109b(31; MGG 311:11); XPB1PX ib. 107b(26; SM
181:5); mt'BBMX '^ 'inx show me his residence Er
74a(22) // ib. 85b(3); b. in a fig. or metaph.
sense: X3H pat X3,1 PJBt XVpi ,11,1 XPBtflX (the
fire of the altar) took up its abode sometimes
here (and) sometimes there Zev 61b(20); Slim"?
xaty xnm xpbwx xato 'x,n -|pbwx 3'n'1?! ^n'3
XTl'S may your house be destroyed, and may your
place of lodging be inhabited, for this world is the
place of lodging, and that world [i.e. the grave]
is the home MQ 9b(ll); 3. w. VniT/V]m pe. to
extend hospitality: sg. X'V'to (n3)(3nCab X5?3
XPBBnX n,!7 13iT X^l he wanted to spend the night,
but they did not extend him hospitality Ber
60b(56) [P: XPBT1X]; XT'BWIX '3m X*71 Git
2#NT'BfihK
99
N3'!N
57a(28; V18) [expl. GN tt?'3 133 ib.; lit. evil
village]); Qid 29b(37; O2); SOZ 72:19
Lit: Geig, WZKM 44[1937] 1951; id., AAC 71; Tel 26; Y:
Xt'SWW Ber 60b(55; BAYTN 270).
2# KT'BtflN n.m. landlord (< nXPBWIX* nisbe-
form; I XJt'B^lX) sg. '113 'D'1B3 XlB'jnwa mn
'XTB5S1X I used to be a partner (in the Hanukka
lights) with my landlord by means of coins Sab
23a(15); Er 53b(21); Qid 76b(26); '3XB nwb xV
m1? 'inn1? n'T'B^IX1? one should not send (one's)
clothes to one's landlord to wash for him Sab
140b(26)
NJBT'BfiftN, K3N3I'B#1N, N33T'Btf'X n.m.
t t : • :
landlord, host (< MP *aspanjakan [> Arm; v.
Hiibsch, AG 109, < Mir *aspanjan;
I XriJBT'BtilX; Flat pTBWX DNWSI 125, Sy
rrU^T.^, k'i^i'\t.k' LS 53, MH2
pt'B»1X J 36) 1. landlord: sg. 311 miBI'BWIX
XBB PN's landlord Bes 4a(42); ib. 37; 12b(40);
Yom 78a(25); Qid 69a(10); BM 51a(5);
mjSt'BW'X Hul 132b(8; HPP 60:18); X3X3t'B»X
San 7b (49); miBPBWIX TO1? XD'3 D'^lffX 'TJ?n PN
handed over a money bag to his landlord's
daughter Ber 18b(39); 2. host: sg. XyiXI xmiX
(n>,»rB^lX,7 X3VB1 XB^<1)I')J W'3'X pSE/'aV a
person customarily leaves an (empty) pitcher and
a hide for his host Yom 12a(25; L); 13
n'MOPBtt'X his host's son Zev 18b(7); Er 63a(l 1)
Lit: Geig, WZKM 44[1937] 1961; Tel 27; Y: X»t'9»W
BAYTN 314.
NriJST'SBftK n.f. landlady (I X33PBB>1X) sg.
mmSPBWlX '31 'tit 1'pBX 'Tyn PN deposited
money with his landlady Ber 18b(39; MGG
805:12)
fcUT'Bt&IN n.m. landlord (1 2#XPB#1X) sg.
XJPB»1X Er 53b(21; RaH [AC 2:229, s.v. ,131])
Nranis n.f. question (I Vsixi af.) sg. xnsmxi
xman 3ii TGHark 42:2; pi. prtrixsmxi
]implTBl their questions and solutions I$GF 58:3
KJTN n. (uncertain; I XJl'ttt) sg. XltXI X1T1
piece of... Ket 71b(lS)
Expl. Ar: 1UX AC 2:356, s.v. TU; n'313I mvnn AC 5:18, s.v.
XnV; Lit: Geig, AAC 14, 131, s.v. fra.
[Its I V'ltX Vb.]
SltN I V'ltX vb., note
'HIN vb. to come forward, follow (etym.
uncertain) Quad. 1. to come forward: llpl p'3
XlXtX pB3 m1? as soon as they called him he went
out Mei 17b(20; T-S Fl,l 45, Ar [AC 2:125, s.v.
P'ton p]) [but v. i XIX']; rX1XtX"' UltXI) BM
103a(32); 2. esp. w. -ayuV to follow his/their
(previous) approach ...: 'axi mBJ/D1? X31 XltXl
X31 PN followed his previous approach. As PN
says ... Ber 36b(43); Sab 5b(10); p31 HtXl
H'ayDV ^X'tol p ]iya© ]311 VrWVh the scholars
followed their opinion and PN followed his
opinion Er 87b(23); Sab 116b(26) frxiBW]; Pes
82b(33) [pnv '1]; Suk 20a(33) [Wpb p \ym '1];
Bes 36a(19) [pns' '1]; g/W 63b(43) [XIDn 31]; BB
87b(23) [nnm '1]; 11'ayB1? HtXl 5er 9a(40); Sab
34b(32); Pei 29a(25); Yev 72b(41); Qid 80a(19);
5g51b(47);//«/69b(37)
Geon. expl.: I?1X'7X n^ip ''jX IX^S yjni LPT 146:10; Lit: M.
Weiss, BIA 20-21 [1983] 102+; S. Friedman, Yeivin Vol 327+,
w. prev. lit., has thoroughly dealt w. the etym. of this form, but
his conclusion that 'ItX is a phonetic var. of the common rt.
Vl#^lX is very unlikely in light of the fact that the l-d
interchange is not found otherwise in JBA. Note also that the
rt. proposed here acts synchronically like the III—jv" rts. in JBA,
i.e. XTtX:VtTX :: XTlX:inX. In several places in TB, however, we
find this rt. where we would expect V?tX, e.g. X1TX ITTjnrt }V3
WniO'xa when he sowed them [i.e. the wheat seeds in the cow
dung], their repulsiveness disappeared Men 69a(39); Hul
76b(4) [and v. also Friedman, op.cit., 338+]. However, in light
of the preponderance of V?1X in parallel expressions, these
instances should be viewed as contaminations. The mng. of this
rt. in sntX °7BJ It n'^y n^b 'mi 'X BM I16b(42) is unclear.
Shaked suggests [orally] that this word is eq. to BA X11X
HALOT 1808 and translates N1IX pBJ he came out openly; Voc:
x™HGP2b:10; VITXib. 3b:37.
NrnniN n.f. legal injunction (lit. warning;
< MH rrintx Yeivin, bv 992; 4- Vint) sg. mrnntxi
XDia its injunction is from here Pes 48a(13) [fol.
by Pentateuchal verse]; San 56a(12); Mak 22a(7);
Svu 20b(18); Tern 4a(3)
Y: n'ri-iritX Mak ib.(BAYTN 285).
!tN vb. to make erect (of ears; perh. < tty*; cf.
Sy wv LS 518, Ma PX to strengthen MD 12) Pa.:
'11X 'tltlX1? to make the ears erect Hul 38a(2; V12)
'miVutVtx
N3'IN n.m. seed (< XJ'tn*; MH2 ]'tn lichen AC

NJl'TK
3:357) sg. XfTISI X3'TX Tl[1X 'ip U'SWVsi] in our
language [i.e. spoken Aramaic] it [i.e. MH
J'D'ISp] is called 'the seed of the caper' TGAs28
181:14
Geon. expl.: jxiyi )Dp xinso DmywVw in D'D'nVc jni xina I'm
1'tn mpj XW CfVav niltfy1? Wj?in X1? Geon 246:31; Lit: Low,
Flora 1:25
NJVIK n.f. sweating(?) sg. |» XJl'TX pi XTTOX p
X31X 5o 26:2
Mng. of entire passage is doubtful.
I # VlN, 'IX vb. to go, travel, disappear, happen
(4- xVtX, V'lTX; Sy cA\V LS 10, Ma ls'jTX MD
12) Pe. (a/e),'pf. lsg. 'btX 5er 24a(10); ri'VTX 5o
2:2; 2m. JlVlX Zev 96b(5); 3m. *7TX & 60a(19); f.
X"7TX San 93a(40); rf?TX BQ 83a(32); lpl. T7TX
Bes 30a(26); 3m. V7TX 5a* 33b(31); "?1TX BM
6a(31); imp. lsg. Vtx 5er 16a(7); 2m. V'm #/7
13a(2); //A/45:18; f. '"?T'J1 ATe? 54a(46; V5); 3m.
V'T'3 fom 87b(4); f. b'T'Jl Ket 47a(27); lpl. V'T'3
Tan 25a(8); V'T^ Afeg 3a(43); 2m. ibt'Jl £e/
48b(14); pbm^o 88:11; ]lbm HMGas 94:6; 3m.
lVl'3 5A/ 70a(7); Anan 15:23; imper. 2sg.m. V'T
MQ 9b(8); V'T'X g/W 25a(4); f. 'V'T M*/ 66b(34);
'V'T'X 5A/ 84b(10; F1); 2pl.m. Y>'T Er 63b(24);
5M 86a(18); ib'T'X Bek 30b(35); 5o 13:8; inf.
bva Nid 45a(6); part. lsg. X3*7'?X G;7 56b(21);
2m. JlVlX Pes 73a(10); 3m. V'TX 7a/z 23a(51); f.
x"?TX BB 73b(23); lpl. 13'VlX Men 64a(35); 2m.
OTVTX Ket 91a(40); 3m. '^tX Ket 69b(35); f. pXS.
BM 73a(10); forms w/o lamed: pf. lsg. 'X*7TX BB
73b(42) [= 'XIX*; v. Eps, Gr 59]; 3m. XIX Pes
II lb(17); BQ 117a(38; GTB2 201:14); XtX HGP
39b: 19; imp. lsg. TX Git 56a(37; SM 43:20);
BQ 103a(20; HP 51:2); 'T'X 7/GP lb:32; 3m. T1?
BQ 38a(35; MGG 380:4); f. TJl Aef 104b(39);
#P 163:16; lpl. 'T'3 Pa? 7a(23); imper. 2sg.m. 'J
Pes 104b(3); San 109b(30; MGG 312:3); Kef
60a(12; TGHark 99:15 [v. n.l]); 'f M?P 42a:33;
part. lsg. X3'TX Bo 6:6; 3m. 'IX 5er 59a(l 1; MGE
148:1); BM 75b(47; MGE 526:6); w. assim. of
zayin: part. 3sg.f. X"?X Suk 49b(5); lpl. ]3'Vx S«£
39b(15); Men 23b(12; Fl,l 75); 2m. W'Vx SwA:
30a(29);-1, alone: 1. to go, walk: V'T'X xV IX 'TX
-^rshe^Ld I go or not go? Qid 70a(32); BQ 23b(32);
^^fc.ft^X I did not go Pes 104b(7); JTX» xb
i#Vtn
rV7TX you cannot go 7am 32a(44); ni VlXI iy
'lbl n'E?B3 by the time he went, PN had died Sab
139a(48); V'Tl Xlin "7ipw take the ox and go BQ
46b(l); V'TX mn 'WB'2? '3 *731 he used to go every
Friday (to his house) Ket 62b(24); XKibyb V?TX '3,1
these (birds) went elsewhere Bes lla(7); Yev
115b(8); X13'nx 'VlXI '3X0 old men walking with
the aid of [lit. on] a staff BM 21b(36) [expl. MH
Tlitfim MPea 8:1] // 7a« 6b(7); b. w. fol. prep.:
1) -im(X): 1) general: ma ixn1? niJ13X "?IX he
followed her to the cemetery Ber 18b(40); 113X "I
'inv 'n nnm Vtxi V'pc? mn PN was moving
along and following PN2 ib. 24b(46); Er 30a(27);
BQ 17a(10); b. in a fig. sense: xVtX X'3y "im
XJTHJ? poverty follows a poor man ib. 92a(52)
[+ //'s; 4- xnny usage b]; m"? '3,m 'xa im pVtx
]in3'VV they follow what pleases their heart
AnanSch 26:5; 2) "3: XmiX3 V'TX Xp mn he was
walking on the road Ber 53b(28); Er 53b(43);
Tan 23a(43); Hag 5b(46); Ket 62a(20); HM
41:15; 3) 'b: X'DX '3*7 *7'TX Xin X3'3 n'1? 3'X31 one
who is in pain goes to the doctor's house BQ
46b(19); AZ 25b(32); 7V7TX1 myi xriTl'X X'nn
XJT3 Xinnb a certain woman who entered and
went into a certain house BQ 83a(32); 3) '33(V):
n'331? "riTX they went to him 7a« 23a(55); VlTX
1X3131331 n'JTU '331? they went to PN's daughter
San 93a(39); Yom 87b(4); Ket 63a(12); 55
163a(8); 4) 'Spf1?): )ri3 'm n'apV VtX he went
before PN Pes 62b(18); ib. 73a(10); 7ev 122a(2);
BQ 117b(18); c. w. a fol. vb.: 1) asyndetically [cf.
OfA 31p "?TX he approached Ah 94, Sy A\rC
rdjoj ^c\^rV rdirV I am going fishing John
21:3; v. PSm 106]: insx "n map max Vtx he
went (and) said it before PN Er 54b(51); Ket
40b (46); ,TWS3 rm ,TnDl£?X "?IX he went (and)
found that he had died Pes 3b(47); 3'Jl' VlX
31 '33 yw 'ID'-in he went (and) sat (learning)
twelve years in the be rav Ket 62b(34); Ara
16a(7); Xrl'WX X'nn 'mn ttTI' 1VTX they went
(and) sat under a certain wall 7an 21a(4); "?'T
n'1? J?3n2?X go (and) swear to him Ned 25a(13);
X'SbS1? n'Vop V'T go (and) kill so-and-so Pes
25b(12); Qid 59a(16); BQ 115a(25); San
95a(52); '2?'3 'X3D3 }VQ n'5?JS n'VTK I went (and)
attacked the evil enemies Bo 29:5; ib. 52:10; 2)
1#"?TN
101
i#Vtn
syndetically: (a) general: V>TX xp mm X131 Xinn
1BX1 a certain person who used to go and say San
7a(2l); xsVa '3 xsmp va 'jid'xi Vtx I shall go
and inform on them to the authorities Git 56a(5);
Qid 32a(21); Hul 57b(41); BB 33b(14); 3) inf.:
n'"in3 'SIIDSX1? 'Xm3 "\ "?IX PN went to join him
RH 22b(13); HpnS'aV VlX he went to inspect her
Yev 105b(29); Qid 59a(ll); BB 40b(19); San
106a(55); (b) esp. w. V'JIX pe.: (1) pos.: TIXT V>1X
n'DT3 he can go and return on the same day Suk
27b(38); ]'TIX1 XrlTiy l^TXT 79 until the caravans
go and return BQ 112b(49); T1X1 "7'TXT 'nn3 as he
was moving around Ket 105b(35); XinnV n"m
n'Dp Tixpi "?'tXp mm X13J he saw a certain man
who was moving around in front of him Bek
51b(17); MQ 24a(42); (2) neg.: xVl "?'TX X131 'Xn
TIX this man will go and not return Sab 156b(6);
X'rlX X"?1 xVtXT XnnV n^ 'Yl woe for one (thing)
which goes and does not come back Sab
152a(ll); innV xm X3TXn "?'! go today and
return tomorrow BB 140b(3); '"?TX Vt'a fbm '3n
WX1 does virginity actually go away and return?
Nid 45a(6); 2. to travel: a. on land: 'n'rw X1?
xnsnV Xmna 'VtXT 'E/X3'X people do not
usually travel from one place to another (on
Sabbaths and holidays) MQ 12a(7); mn Xin X3a'T
X57"D Xinn 'in3 X3"?'TX I was once traveling with
a certain Arab RH 26b(24); 'yoi X13TO3 "?'TX1
X3T13 he was traveling in the desert and lost
(his) way Anan 37:3; 'PTX XniS xVaJ3 xa"?'T
perhaps he traveled on a fast-running camel Yev
116a(l 5); b. by sea: X03& x"?3 xVlXT XS^'xV n1? '11
woe to the boat which travels without (paying)
the impost AZ 10b(45); D'3 rfrlXT XsV'X3 like a
ship which traveled on the sea Er 53b(20) [cf. TA
XS'3 X"?TX1 XS"?X TJ Jon 1:3]; BB 73b(24); 111
xri3'SD3 'VlXp they were traveling by boat Hor
10a(46) [cf. Akk ina elippi lillikunu let them
travel by boat CAD E 94]; BB 74a(44); Sab
81b(41) // Hul 105b(37); Bek 27a(28); HP 9:22;
Anan 37:8; HM 45:18; 3. to disappear, vanish
[w. ■% mrrcmp n^ xVtx 3rn m1? "?tx (if its)
writing disappeared, its holiness (also)
disappeared Sab 116a(24); n'3'a iVlX (the pains)
vanished from him BM 85a(18); V'TXT 33 Vy «1X
X'Vp XpaiD even though the red color disappears
(from the metallic ember) it (still) can burn
TGAs42 159:8; 4. to die [w. 'V, Sy, LS ib., mng.
3, DJPA 45, mng. 4]: X3'BX10a mm X133 n^ btX
n'3a the man whom I feared has died MQ
24a(31); 'aVy1? l"?TX they have died Yev 76b(2)
[Rashi: ma]; XatyV n'V ^TXI HG3 119:83; 5. to
be dropped (of a subject, matter): 133X "?'!'"? let
(the matter) of Abner be dropped San 49a(9); 6.
to move on: (plj/nsna VlXT "?3 Xa"?V the more
the world moves on the more licentious it
becomes KaR 204:59; 7. to flow (of water; cf.
TA X'^T3 pi. TO Ex 15:8 [H D'Vp]): 33 *731
'Sana XV irnVrn as long as (the water) is flowing
it does not cause leavening Pes 40a(ll); BM
117a(38) [4- Voan pe.]; 8. to happen, occur: 'T
XIX 'Xa 'Tn go (and) see what happened Ket
104a(12; MGG 872:7); 9. to be current (of
prices; cf. Akk mahlrat illaku the current price
CAD A/1 310): f?TX '1S133 ny31X V7TX XTI03
XJl'K; in GN, four seahs go for (a zuz). In GN2,
six seahs go for (a zuz) BM 73a(10); II. w. preps.
1. w. by/'H to have sexual intercourse, copulate
[cf. Akk ana sinnisti alaku CAD A/1 321]: a.
humans [cf. DJPA 44, mng. 1.6.b]: 'B/3 p2?y '3n
'n"3'a Xin by b'lX 'X if he has sexual intercourse
with one of these twenty women HG2 35:81; ib.
36:97; b. animals: xrvVya ,1Bn3 by "?TX (the
animal) copulated with a normal cow Hul
69a(21; H2); 2. w. by to beset or attack s.o. [Sy
A-s. AW to attack PSm 107]: X3TX.1 bvab ina
m'^y is it permitted to beset them today (to
collect the debt)? MQ 10b(38); "?y pVtX'1 piimi
11,T311^a Vjn ]in'3135? they will attack again their
practitioners and their scatterers Bo 55:8; ib.
142:3; 7; 3. w. "3 to go for, be of value: X*?TX Xpl
XT1I3 'lyBH 'T13 ,iy31X four grivs of barley go
for a zuz BM 65a(9); 4. w. 1J13 to follow: ^ITX
xn'32H iri3 ]331 the scholars followed what was
common Sab 78a(9); rwmr\ 1T13 ]331 VrtX the
scholars followed taking root (of the plant) RH
13b(ll); Ket 45b(2); n311 1113 "?'TX ]Xa who
follows the majority? BM 24a(36); BB 93b(3); '1
V'TX xri'm iri3 'nn' PN follows the criterion of
appearance Men 23b(l); III. fol. another vb. to
continue to do s.t. [cf. DJPA 44, mng. l.g.2]: "?3
V'T'Ill "nn '3'1 will (the animal) continue to live

2#VTN
102
t • : t ~:
so long? Hul 38a(25); Yev 50b(33); Git 78b(18);
"Xn 'VlD b'T'JI iyt5S: na'X ny until when shall we
continue to suffer so much? Tan 25a(8); Xp mn
Xma "7'TXI p'Vo he was continuing to ascend the
ladder Hag 5b(20); *\0V "13 Xnx 31 V'TXI T&nD'lU
mnnx -o pnx' m pru am msnax pn was
continuously leaning upon the shoulder of PN2,
his nephew Sab 140a(45); ny V'TXI m"? '03'ai
'^X3n he continues to wear it until it wears out
Ket 79b(20); Ber 26a(47); 5M 103a(20); San
7a(27); i& 96b(17); Hul 27a(18); '3 X3n 1»X
VtVi awn'1? X"?3n should the Tanna continue to
enumerate like a peddler? Git 33a(2) [+ H's;
4- xVsn]; Naz 21a(13); IV. in terminological
usage: ... xn xVtX )Xfc3 with whom does this
(opinion/statement of PN) agree [lit. go]?: ]X»3
X31 'mi XH X^TX with whom does what PN says
agree? Sab 40a(28); Meg 4b(47); XH X"?TX ]xa3
X'Jm with whom does what is learnt (in a
barraita) agree? Er 26b(10); Pes 45b(26); Qid
62b(33); am ''nyaw XH X"?IX ]XB3 with whom
does this legal tradition of PN agree? Ned
88b(l); BB 153b(5)
Itpe. to depart: X©aw X3'X IX m1? V'W1» xb he
cannot depart until there is sunlight Pes 93b(27)
On the loss of final tamed, v. Eps, Gr 58+; on the assim. of
-zl- > -11- in this root in the imp. and part., cf. Sy r»At«/,
^o-Vreli Eps ib.; Kara 78; on the imper. form 'I, cf. ModSy ze
Nold, NSG 253; Lit: S. Abramson, Archive 2 [1974] 10+ [Pe.,
mng. I.2.b]; Lieb, Studies 33842 [1.7]; Bacher 3 [Pe„ mng. III].
2# VTK vb. to spin, twist (< 4- V?TJ?; 4- X'VJJX,
xVt'X, xnVt'X; Sy Av^ LS 519, kIA-vjpc' net ib.
10, Ma 3#"71X MD 12) Pe.: 'a 'VtHXT '"ns'p
"l"?TX balls of thread which are spun [lit. they
spin] at the spinners BM 24b(48)
Lit: Nold, MG 582.
n.m. deceased person (4- Vl#^>TX pe.,
part.det., mng. 1.4) sg. xVtx"7 nV '1 woe to the
deceased person! MQ 28b(l 1)
n.m. spinner of thread or string
(4- V2#"?IX) pi. "V7TX 5A/24b(48)
Y: '^TX BM ib.
[ktotn 4- xnarn n.]
K"HN n.m. (uncertain) sg. XJV'Xl X"1TX ... and tree
Bo 78:12
Perh. an error for XHX or XT1X.
NriK, w. suf. "inN n.m. brother, sibling, another
of the same type (4- Xnx XIXTX, xnx 13, Xnx m,
Xaxt xnx na, XmnX; TA XnS TO Gen 24:29, Sy
kIjjk', -ojjk' LS 10, Ma xnx, "VIX MD 8) sg.
w. suf.: lsg. 'nx Ket 60a(9); nx Yev 97b(3); 2m.
-pnx Anan 12:4; 3m. mnx AZ 1 lb(20); lpl. X3WX
Yev 37b(35); 2m. pWX ib. 38;- 1. brother,
sibling: a. general: sg. xnx p31tn 3'3Bn XVP a
certain person who died and left a brother Svu
48b(14); DX mnXT 'ino OT "?'T go (and) bring
witnesses that you are his brother Ket 27b(33) //
BM 39b(32); XJS'T Hiiai mnx the brother of our
master [i.e. Jacob] is a falsifier AZ llb(20);
nxV iTD^Dp you have killed my brother BM
59b(43); pi. Tin 'TO 'Xjawi V?n PN and PN2 were
brothers Sot 21a(43); Anan 107:9; '3X 'nx nxi X3X
'nx "pXl XiXI 'nx m3X1 I and you are siblings. I
and your father are siblings. I and your mother
are siblings Yev 97b(17; O2) [a riddle]; XJTUn 33X
'ami 'nx at the doorway of a tavern, there are
brothers and friends Sab 32a(ll; Ar [AC 2:4]);
mn iTnXI XB1T omax XaVl perhaps Abraham was
the youngest of his brothers San 69b(37); T0X1
Xnnx1? 'aiorx1? napj1? a female is forbidden to
marry her brothers AnanSch 35:13; ]m fimnx "?3
pm3X all their paternal brothers Anan 94:14; b.
in PN's: sg. XTDn x"?D 3TI mnx mim 3T Ber
5b(38); bm 13 'TX» 3m mnx X3T Sab 154a(l 1);
Bes 15b(42); MQ 28a(34); Ket 50b(16); ib.
85b(16); AZ 39a(44); 2. another of the same
type: sg. mnx V'SDT xVp'T a date palm which
supports another one Er 51a(7); MQ lla(38)
Voc: Xnx HPP 242:19; ninK ib. 202:17; Y: Xnx BAYTN 3.
- N3in Hm, Him n.m. paternal uncle (< nx
X3X; I X3nx '31, X3'3n; TA minx TJ Jer 32:7;
cf. also pn nsnx J 19) sg. mV mn X3xn xnx in
he had one uncle BB 118b(31); pi. X3XT T1X nn
'nV mn they had two uncles ib. 35; HP 72:25; 71X
n'3X ]ai n'3X paternal uncles AnanSch 21:10
Expl. Ar: '31 OXn ]S 3Xn TO TWxV pip>» TO TH XVI <S>l'ianK
axn p oxn 'nx tox1? imp -p nan xanx Ar [AC 2:45, s.v. 'a
'nan xax]. Note also the pn 'latnx [< 'laxi xnx] J 39.
- Ka'NT NnN n.m. maternal uncle (4- xa'X) sg.
iTtt'XI ninx 5Af 85a(25) pi. xa'XT 'nx ib. 39b(2)
tons
103
-'-rin*6
xariN 4- xsxT xnx
1T\H vb. to hold, seize, close, lock up (Sy ruwK'
LS 11, Ma inx MD 8) Pe. (a/u) 1. to hold: ins
n'T3 n,!? he held him by his hand San 107b(26);
X31p l^syi X3np 'JXa pnxi they hold
instruments of war and make war HM 44:13; 2.
to seize (of a disease; cf. Akk aftazu to seize,
said of diseases and demons CAD A/1 175, mng.
lc; cf. 1 Vopi pe., mng. 4, MH mx pe. J 39):
XlbS nn T^b Xinx apoplexy will seize him Pes
11 lb(2); ib. 11 la(32); Yom 83b(27); Hag 3b(48);
yev 64b(20) [4- xri'iuoD]; xri'3133 xsVa1? nnn'1?!
n'rj?T let (the blindness [4- 1# XTT3^ pi.]) seize
the dog in the pupil of its eye Git 69a(12) [As:
xaba1? x'iVs1? nn^i]; mn' iim xyti may
trembling seize him Bo 74:5; 3. to close, shut:
nnsm iimni 'n'x Vrm let her go, close (the
door), and open (it) Git 77b(17); X331? nnnx
n'in3 he shut the door behind him San 26a(57);
AZ 69b(10); TGHark 272:27; "SX3 XWlV mnx he
shut the door in front of him [lit. in his face] AZ
70a(5); HSX3 X2H rff llH'n (the inner court) may
shut the door before it [i.e. the outer court] Er
75b(10); ib. 9; 59b(22); n'lnx D33 I shut the
gates Bo 139:14; 4. to lock up: ]Vb TnXT ]X&
HTfb^ ^,^,^!71', ••VVb one who locks up the
demons, dews, and liliths Bo 12:4; XV3 ... DX
man m"? in ]wi xnnx"?i (x)nai1? -iD'ia^i twnb
if he wanted to lock up and to tie up a man and
a woman so that they should be together HM
36:20; Bo 95:4; pass.part. Xnn 'niX nmxi m'OX
nnW3 you, evil spirit, are bound and shut up ib.
28:3; 5. w. ]Ty to produce an optical illusion
[cf. mh2 trryn nx mx J 39, Ma tsnx1? xtx md
230]: yry -iWtb HM 37:3; ib. 44:26
Itpe. (e) 1. intr. to shut, close: XJiTPxV V"JM Dm
n'SiXS X33 Tnnr,"'Xl (the hen) was running into
the interior room and the door shut in front of it
[i.e. the pursuing cat] Hul 52b(41); Bo 11:2; 2.
to be shut, shut up: XDlt X131D3 Xinn'a (the
door) is shut by a small bolt Bo 113:6; 'XB *?D
xn'3 xinm x©t n'Vj? rnn'ai whatever (goods)
are shut up by the door of that house [i.e. are
physically present in the house] TGHark 105:25;
ib. 11; 23; 3. to shut o.s. up: "pr 3T nnn'XI
monaa PN shut himself up in GN iSGF
118:14(Var)
tWTMN, NJNinK n.m. willow twig (JPA pinx
DJPA 46) sg. Sab 20a(36) [expl. BH nx Jer
36:23]; ib. 20b(34) [expl. MH ]TXn n^'n? Mib.
2:1; v. l. 35]; nanwx xainx 'ya ]xa mV 'axi xinn
Xnaiy a certain person who called out to them:
"Who wants X3inx?" It turned out to be a willow
ib. 37 [Var: xnsnx nsnisxi xjxinx 'yxa }xa trn
573:5]
Lit: Low, Flora 1:571; 3:330+; Y: X31WX Sab ib.(BAYTN 229).
'"liriN prep, behind (4- Vl#"inX; Ma xmnx MD
9) nnam 'ia mnx xnwx '33 mm "m, xinn a
certain man who was building a wall behind the
windows of another (blocking his view) BB
7a(i8); xiuan 3m map '3'a an mnx xbd an a'n>
PN was sitting behind PN2 (and) in front of PN3
Nid 27a(35); Er 43b(39); Pes 37b(34); BQ
102a(24); ib. 116b(53); BB 152a(22); AZ 6b(50);
Hul 16a(l 1); ib. 137b(33); Hor 13b(47); 'Xp mm
'Vsa xpi nmnx xax -a mm' "\ PN was standing
behind him and was praying Ber 27a(44); n'a^'3
WW 'V^l mnx D'XpT "?X'3jn in the name of
DN who stands behind the spheres (?) of the .sun
Bo 120:49; Sab 108b(26)
Lit: Nold, MG 194; Y: aninx Pes 37b(34; BAYTN 336).
- "'"linNV prep, behind (4- mX7\ TA "pinx1? TO
Gen 19:17, Ma "limy1? MD 343) 1. behind: 'TOT
nmnx1? vb he used to place them [i.e. the tied up
coins] over his shoulder [lit. behind him] Ket
67b(48); Ber 24b(22); Sab 66b(44); 'Xp mn
mirofc nmnx1? he used to stand far behind him
Yom 53a(46); 2. backwards: a. general: yip
nmnx1? mynp1? mmnxi he rent his garment and
turned its torn piece backwards Ket 104a(13);
Ber 43a(l); Pes 3b(48); Vail TSnn'Xl n'BXX VS3T
mmnx"? it fell on its face, turned over, and fell
backwards BQ 53a(14); Jimmi pnmnx1? psnn'l
lin'jnay by yfrnn let them turn back and attack
again their practitioners Bo 55:8; '^T©1? xnXT *?D
rmnxb mm rb 'ixn ma everyone who came to
ask about him would see her and turn backwards
San 110a(l) [cf. Ma: ixmny1? mxin he turned
backwards MD ib.]; Ned 50a(22); 'mnx1? 101 (the
snake) turned backwards AZ 30a(34); mn

ninxa
104
xruonx
t : t : ~
nmnxV n'Sins he had a seizure [lit. his face
turned backwards] BM 86a(17) [4- NB1S1S]; SOZ
72:25; b. w. V'yD to underestimate: 4- V'yD pe.,
mng. lb
Lit: Nold, MG 197; Y: ninx1? Ber 24b(22).
- '"linxa, ninN ]!3 prep, behind (4- 1» prep.;
MH2 mnxa J 39) 'vps mnx p yaw he heard
from behind his house Ned 50a(16); '71X7 pan
'xnyiX lxVl mnxa sometimes he comes from
behind me without my knowing it Qid 33b(22);
Er 13b(17); Sab 110b(4; M); BB 93a(10); Hul
91a(37); "wip IB'XB minxa behind her is the
word of PN So 85:3
Y: niTOi p Wed ib.
- ninx ^j; prep. (4- by prep.) 'mi panyw •vrm
|13'3J '"MIX Vy your hair is disheveled and thrown
behind your back Bo 116:4
XtPinX n.m. (uncertain) sg. Bo 16:4
XTTinX n.m.coll. brothers (4- WIN; Sy rt'&n-or*'
LS 10) sg. XJinnnx IT1? na'V let the brothers say
to him BB 12b(41; V22)
Lit: Eps, PLA 229.
[Xfl'Tnx 4- xrmn n.]
T1X vb. to stitch together, attach (< MH 2# 'TO
LNVTH 101; 4- XflX'a) Pa.: xriN'a Ttxai because
(the bell) is stitched (into the garment) [lit. he
stitches the stitching] Sab 58a(44)
"]nX vb. to laugh (< 7157* < metath. "]yn, w.
dissim. -'-h- > -'-h-; 4- Vl#"rin; QA "[yn ATTM
584, Ma -|nx, -|ny pe., af. MD 9) Pe. [w.
■2/-b/-by at s.o./s.t.]: -pnxi '33 npi rrm he saw
that (his father) was crying and laughing Ber
18b (48); XDin y»wm -]na^ x"?l (the words) X*?l
■pa1? (written in a get for "paV xVl) imply
'laughing' [instead of 'going'] Git 85b(39);
nsT in'1? x1?! '3'n '3 xrfra na xa'xi nax xrrVa
H^y lan'Vl 'Xim I made a statement, and I shall
make a statement concerning it so that later
generations will not come and laugh at it Sab
75b (4)
Af. id. [w. m2/mby at s.o./s.t.]: a. general: T3y
-|'riN 'JP 32H 'JXDa I')'1? make me shoes that will
last [lit. of] seven years. He laughed Git 68b(8);
"I'nxi H'J'y 3py nns Jacob opened his eyes and
laughed Sot 13a(31); J7T x"71 "im H'^ '3TIX I
laughed at you and you did not know San
103a(37) [* 'X33 I cried]; rOTIX XayB 'xai why
did you laugh? Ber 18b(49); xayD 'KB H'by 13'nx
rrVy i3'nn x1? xnV'a 'ax nm xnsi... (rrVy) rrnx
they laughed at him. Why did they laugh at him?
(If) a great man makes a statement do not laugh
at him ib. 19b(30) // Git 55b(19) // Nid 50b(13);
Bes 38b(2); A/en 74a(27); Nid 27a(40); H"Tn '3
xinrr? rrrKBiBirn rrno'B Xs? rrb 'ax ynx mirr 3n
ixV n'V 'ax n'3 rcna xp 'bj 'Dinx xbx xisj
XJDTIB xp -pH3 when PN saw him he laughed.
He said to him: "Is it not enough that you
excommunicated me, but do you also have to
laugh heartily at me?' He said to him: "I am not
laughing at you" MQ 17a(19); 'DT "l Thy "|'riB
nby -|'na 'aye 'xa xrjn 'na PN was ridiculing it
[i.e. PN2's statement]. Why was he ridiculing it?
Er 48a(l); 'X11,T '3 '3{'l'na Xp '3inx the Jews are
indeed ridiculing me Tan 21a(44); Git 47a(17)!;
BQ 117a(49); b. in phrase X3nyB3 T\by 13riB they
used to laugh at it [i.e. the statement] in Eretz
Israel: Yev 88a(28); Naz 42a(8); BQ 102b(ll);
BB 16b(30); San 17b(28); Svu 26a(40); Zev
15a(18); ib. 62a(35); Kar 4a(60)
Lit: Nold, MG 732; Sole, TgJob 114. As in Ma, the af. in JBA
is a metanalytical secondary form. .
xnt^nx 4- xrcVn n.
X1DMX, XianX n.m. number, account (< Mir
*ahmar [> Armen hamar Hiibsch, AG 178; cf.
MP amar reckoning CPD 7], NP hamar PED
1507; cf. the first element in Sy T_\rr-T_iororc'
one who collects tribute LS 7; 4- Ximx, na'H) 1.'
number: sg. nnanx1? XXh n312?Bl he attains the
(correct) number (of the year) AZ 9a(14; Ar [AC
1:57]) [P'J: main1?]; 2. account: sg. "panx 'XB
how are you? [lit. what is your account?]
OHT Qid 38:8 [responsum of Saadia, said to be
a phrase in spoken JBA]
Geon. expl.: pv nwyo [3"y 33 1'WlTp] K'Tn -fflVl yoTU 13X
inn.TX n'MX "73 nwy» pip OHT ib. 6; Lit: Tel 11; Geig, AAC
17;GCIntr33.
xrnonx, abs. xaonx, Pi. xrixaonx n.f.
inheritance (Vpn; TA XJOnX TO Lev 14:34)
sg.abs. H1J3 X:onXl p"?in \\rb n^l they will have
i#-inx 105 xannx
no share and inheritance in it SSSad 266:11; ib.
202b: 18; pi. XriXJOnx '-|13y3 removing of
inheritances BB 133b(30; Inyanot 190:22) // '3
xrnonx may //>.(H) // Ket 53a(3)
On HTUOnxa Zev 54a(10), quoted from a Targum of Gen 49:27,
v. i xrm»; Y: xruonx Ket ib.(BAYTN 285).
l#inX, "inX vb. to tarry, postpone (4- mnx,
xinx, nxinx, xm'-inx, xrinx, xiin'x, nmxa; Sy
tjjok' to tarry, w. &kl to stay LS 13, PSm 126)
Pe. to tarry: 1JTOX mnx ro '1H3 -inxa"7 H'V TDXT
he is forbidden to tarry with the daughter of his
wife's sister Anan 105:22
Pa. 1. to tarry, be late: 1T1X xVl 'inXB XByD 'X»
XJTXn ]iy\ why do the scholars tarry and not
come now? Meg 7b(28); 2. to postpone, delay,
do something later: a. alone: 'anpxV lnV'JI 'X
la'lpX mnx1? inVm 'Xl lTnx if you generally
make (the meal) early, make (it) late. If you
generally make (it) late, make (it) early Sab
119a(45; MGE 414:13); Kar 20a(27); Yom
20b(2) // Zev 86b(9); TGHark 43:10; pass.part.
-inxa'lV "inxaT the latter part (of the first verse
forms an analogy) with the latter part (of the
second verse) Bek 26b(28); b. w. dir. obj.: UWQ
mnm mTU1? n"? inxa XpT because he is
delaying the ritually clean Naziriteship Ned
4a(7); M'1? X3"inxa ^ I shall not postpone it [i.e.
the payment] SSHai 14b(9); TlJnnXT Kin XJmxi it
is we who delayed it [i.e. the writing of the
document] HP 67:8; TGAs42 180:5; c. used
adverbially w. fol. vb.: "inxa 1B1 'SXD1 D'lp "TO
'SXD1 one feeds (the servant) first, and the other
feeds (him) afterwards Ket 61a(51); p'Tlxai
7b p'psa we delay its exit [i.e. of the Sabbath or
the holiday] HP 23:8 [cf. H'8? pnnxa Xai' 'piSX
Ber 52a(25)]; npViai XTIXa IDT 31T mri'3T PN's
wife used to light (the lamp for the Sabbath) late
[i.e. just before dark] Sab 23b(31); 3. to place at
a later time or position: mnx 'irixa XpT 'X if
(the witnesses) indeed place (the injury) later BQ
74a(9); n1? inxa minx1? rrb xn'n ]xai one who
wants to order it [i.e. the tractate] in a later
position may do so ISGF 32:7; ib. 19:3; 33:21;
34:2; 'aiV nmn -inxi nxis1? ns'm Dnpx
(Scripture) placed 'washing' before 'excrement'
and placed 'rinsing' after 'blood' Anan 27:8 [v.
Is 4:4]
itpa. l. to tarry: pi -nyv xVx mnxri'x1? b wbi
X3'ri"ai X3"?'TXT I only need to tarry for the
amount of time to go and bring (the money)
TGHark 151:16; 2. to be delayed: -inXJVXT l"yx
X1DW 13J13 X"?l even though (its writing) was
delayed, and they did not write the document
(when the act took place) ib. 102:13; 40:21; 43:9
Lit: Eps, Stl 78 [Pe.]; on Nid 30b(25), v. i Vmn itpa., mng. 2.
2# inX vb. to be sexually aroused (TA "1PIX pe.
TJ Jer 5:8, Sy im-±, -jotk' LS 514, 7, MH 2# inx
LNVTH 101) Itpe.: "p xnnri'B I am sexually
aroused by you AZ 18a(52) [spoken to a woman
assumed to be a prostitute; but cf. 4- Vmn itpa.,
mng. la]
Lit: Yalon, Studies 293.
xinx*, f. xnnnx adj. last (4- Vi#-inx, x-inav;
Sy rdJ-UuS' LS 13), only sg.f. SMinnKI adv. last:
xrmnXT vrra Vl which one of them [i.e. the
Tannaitic traditions] (was stated) last? Men
52a(9; V10); Hul 86b(12; MV11); xnnmn Xfl'ap
the former (version was stated) last ib. 10;
XrmnXT xmm the latter (version was stated)
last ib. 12
ilXnnX adj. responsible (caique < Akk arku
guarantor [lit. the one who stands behind the
debtor] CAD A/2 290, mng. 2; 4- Vl#-|riX,
xm'-inx; MH 1'nnx Yeivin, BV 1047, JPA
2#"inx djpa 47) pl.m.abs. rx[-inx] ivp pnViD
all of them will be responsible SSHai 2b(5)
Lit: Greenfield, AKY 212.
XflVinX n.f. responsibility for indemnity
(4- nxinX; cf. MH ninnx Yeivin, BV 1060) sg.
'ari'X xm'-inx xn"?anx the responsibility for
indemnity for a widow (who sold property) is
upon the orphans Ket 97a(17); ib. 19; Dec 10:22;
'mnnX3 3"iT?T 'DTI '3 m Varw^ he may use it
[i.e. the sela] in order that he should be
responsible for it Ara 6a(35); '3'3t tW m'Xnnxi
'X"?y ]'V'X I am responsible for indemnity of the
writ of this sale SSHai 6a(17); ib. 2b(2); 12a(l);
14a(2); 18b(l); HP 101:27; TGAs42 78:25
xannx, xannix, f. 'rnnx, 'nnnix, nnix

Nn»-|nN 106 1BK
t ; t : ~
pi.m. 'annx, 'annix, f. ntt'sip*, Kn»ainiK
r .. ..T. T 7 ,. „T. 7 T T, TT: t ? T T , TT.
adj. another (I Vl#"VlX, XinXDV; TA fiJTIX TO
Dt 28:32[GTO 558], 'imx TO Lev 18:9[GTO
564], Sy rdJT-uK', f. K'&H-orV, pl.m. ^otjok',
rc,&-Ls4jjr<''LS 13, Nold,' SG §146, Ma xmin,
f. xwnn, pl.m. x'j'-nn, xnx'r-nn MD 137,
Nold, MG 185+) a. alone: sg.m. X1H X3'inX 'Xn
this is another one Ber 53a(12); f. XT1 WiniX XH
SuA: 27b(10); pl.m. in'TO ':nnx XD'X there are
others with them Er 73a(33); Bes 10b(20); f. VTX
XriX'nnxa he (did not look) at other (men's
wives) BB 16a(40); p'OIB Xn"3inx do they add
others [i.e. new prohibitions]? RH 18b(50); b. w.
preced. n.: sg.m. Xmnx Wi'X another person San
59b(18); xmnx X32/3 mb on the following
Sunday Nid 1 la(25); Xmnx T» another thing
Sab 27a(30); XJnniX T» Fes 26a(44); X"lp
Xi'-imx another biblical verse RH 13b(2); f.
'Xl'inx XriDDH another tractate Sab 3b(3); XJB'T
Tinnx another time ib. 140a(29); Tinmx XnXB
another town BM 75b(47; MGE 526:6); pl.m. '3
TiniX nnVn three other people MQ 16a(33); f.
'n'^inx \>W ■'!0@vrr\T\ another twelve years Ned
50a(20); XnX'iimX '^a MQ 15b(33)
Lit: Eps, Gr 1.30; Voc: xJhnS HPP 43:19; 'nnnft HPP 54:19;
xflX'tfriX ib. 309:30; Y: Xr-inX Ber 53a(l 1; BAYTN 269).
NJTOinS n.f. anathema (4- Vmn af.) sg. Dec 4:1
[title of document]; XT xnainx rt'Vy 13n31
rTJl' XDinx1? they have written this anathema
concerning him to put a ban upon him ib. 8; 15;
XJiainXl xma© excommunication and anathema
TGHark 234:14; ib. 161:20; XJiaitt pD'ty XJJVna
XnainXl xnTUl I impose upon you an
excommunication, court oath, and anathema Bo
2:6; ib. 29:9; 52:9
The XJlDinN was placed on the individual after he disregarded
the I xrOB [for the text of the proclamation, v. Dec 4:5+; OHT
MQ 17:21+].
xnnx, xnKnN, pi. «rmns n.f. sister (4- is
xnnx, xnnx ra-, TA ymx to Lev 18:11, Sy
rt&Jj, pi. pc'^Sjok' LS 10, Ma xnxnx, pi.
XJIXKXjnx MD 8) a. general: sg. 5M39b(13); n'X
'Xia iWVpt Xnnx 'V I have a sister who is older
than I Meg 13b(12) // BB 123a(40); XTSttH 'Jinx
'XJB my sister who is more beautiful than I BM
84a(41); xaX@nXTT nCTl X3X HTinX I am the
sister of the one whom I am carrying Yev 97b (3);
AZ I7a(23); x'D3 xpi n'nnx x'nx wp1? wh vbn
.Tap PN became ill (and) his sister came crying
before him BM 84a(45); ib. 59b(41) // Sab
116a(49); nnxnXT XnSJ1? 'SlorxV nwx1? nb TDK a
woman is forbidden to be married to her sister's
husband Anan 105:18; VOX rWHl nnxnxi nm3
the daughter and sister of his father's wife
AnanSok 1:24; pi. pn1? p'OH Xnxinx yVi \TT\T\
T1X two sisters who are married to two brothers
HP 157:19; 'Xmnx Sab 57a(22); inxinx Anan
99:14; (n)TinnX VlVo all of her sisters Yev
32b(6); rra'XT H'TlXinX his mother's sisters
AnanSch 21:9; TPniinX "73 all of their sisters
Anan 104:5; b. w. PN: sg. XSS 13 'OX 'IT H'nnX
Xef 56b(38); H'TinX n'mBDX nDB? ]3 \\ytiV PN's
sister concealed him Sot 47a(35) // 5a« 107b(26);
Ket 67b(27); 55 100b(18); li. 151a(34); pi. 'I1D
XDXinX 'TBI PN and PN2 are (twin) sisters Yev
66a(l; TGHark 234:23)
Voc: Xnfix HPP 242:19; Y: XJiriX BB 123a(40; BAYTN 3).
N213N, NSUn n.m. pole, scriber (4- pjana; etym.
unkn.) 1. pole: pi. Sab 98a(21) [w. ref. to poles
mounted on the wagons used in the tabernacle];
2. in phrase '1S0T N313X scriber (used for
incising lines): sg. nSDT X3DX xVa the width of
the scriber Men 32a(7; M) [Var: mDri §T 496:17,
OHPSuk 97:11]
Geon. expl.: OHB 'vmpn m ]K p»02JB ira ■?» piBJT '3BX "B
V?b' x^ ijm1? rfrayn *7y /imp 'to ixio raa orum oht §ab 93:16
[mng. 1]; [l'3aD]nB O'BXT 'IB V> B'l ^na ^B 131 '3B'N GnK5
167:9; Wis iv mv ':B3 i'bxt ':b3 xin ^ns ^b xibdt xsbx
mjrrn JIX 13 ppm )nBlDl Ittur 2:24b [mng. 2]; Y: 'J73BX Sab
ib.(BAYTN 305).
VSR, IBSlK prep, on account of, part.
interrogative particle (< 4- "?1Dax) I. prep, on
account of, necessitated by: a. fol. V"1I1 pe.:
njnc? 1DX H32;n ma' 1X© p'lTJ do we make a
decree for the rest of the days of the year on
account of seven (days)? Yom 10b(5); Pes
58b(15); Bes 18a(7); Hag 19a(ll); AZ 38b(50);
Hul 85b(37); 'BpT Dl 1DX nV'yn -IX13T BJ "lltr,7
n'j'yS let us decree (the necessity of) a ge?
following cohabitation on account of a get
preceding cohabitation Yev 53b(7); Ket 99a(12);
Hul 3ib(5); xabjn xn^'y rax x^'^t xri'V'y ran
N31DN
t ~:
107
NOillDN
it is a decree (concerning) an upper room of
marble necessitated by (the need to deal with) an
upper room of any kind Sab 29b(29); RH 21 a(7);
BQ llb(2); b. fol. Voap pe.: TOX XTJin p'OJj?
XIICX we penalize what is permissible on
account of what is forbidden BM 72a(23); Sab
3b(33); Yev 90a(24); BQ 30b(4); c. fol. V'JIl pe.:
X(3)H 1I3X 'Tin ]3I1 we learnt that case on account
of this one Svu 32a(12); 'tfn 1D»X XD'D Kin he
learnt the latter clause on account of the former
one Hul 68a(30); Ket 72b(38); II. part.
interrogative particle before nouns or
pronouns introducing a rhetorical question: 1DBX
P'X XJanm npn IX1? mXIX bo are not all of the
commandments the decrees of the Merciful One?
Anan 6:19; X'H 'mDlT xrfj'a HXT TOX is fear (of
God) an insignificant matter? Ber 33b(46); TOX
X1U 'XH '3 Xfimxa mm mt id did Moses not
indicate in the Torah in such a manner? Tan
9a(20); Meg 12a(ll); Yev 76a(16); Qid 33a(29);
San 33a(17); AZ 28b(35); ^ra 23a(36); ]3X TOX
D'Dain '33 D'J-irrcmxn ]Xyr do we understand
(the words) D'aSTI 'J3 D'nn^nxn [Est 8:10]?
A/eg 18a(40); Xl'DXp TBBH X3J?T X1? XjX TOX do
I not know that I am saying (the interpretation)
properly? 5A/84a(51)
Lit: Bacher 4; Geiger, AAC 18; Satzlehre 155+ [mng. II]; Y:
1BX Ber 9a(41; BAYTN 336).
N31DN, N31B n.m. strap, rope (TA 'HUTOX pi.
TO Ex 39:40, Ma X'jTOX MD 13, Sy kIj-^k'
thongs LS 269) sg. 'DXT X3TO '3 ]1313T 'Xth I saw
(in a dream) that they had bound me with a rope
of myrtles Ber 56b(17; MGG 707:13[Var]) [F:
XDXT X3TO3 Xi3n3ai]; pi. XarrOT 'jTOX linen ropes
RH 23a(30)
Lit: S. Fraenkel, ZA 22 [1909] 253. The Sy form is prob. a
mistake for «lio-l„«"; Y: 'JWX RH ib.(BAYTN 66).
DUN (sec. rt. < 4- Voats) 4- xao'X n.
NOON, N»D?, pi. '»»N, NnnapN n.f. thigh,
foundation wall (< XBoV lit. bone; Sy ^^\, «■',
pi. rc'^»J|(rj: thigh, side LS 520, Ma XttBX, pi.
X'BDX thigh, side MD 13) 1. thigh: a. animal: sg.
X&DX 15?1 XriTOT nS3» from the skull of the brain
to the thigh Hul 54a(10); xSttf HP 208:13(HPP
305:21); X1W3T XaBX a thigh of meat BB
88a(l 1); Er 29b(44); XttBXT 'X X3S1T 'X (meat)
either of the rib or of the thigh BM 23b(12; Ar
[AC 1:62]); XBDXT X3in fat of the thigh Bek
30a(l); xnV'ri xVljn X»DX the thigh of a three-
year old calf Meg 7a(53); xat?X <i>n)'p» Xpl he
was removing the veins from the thigh Hul
96a(21); BB 74b(19); X»DX '"? X'Vt Xin one
(goose) lifted up (its) thigh to me ib. 73b(35); 'XH
XBDX1 Xp13 the joint of the thigh bone Hul
42b(18); pi. mm '3'31 Xt?na goat's wool from
between the thighs (of the animal) Sab 49a(10);
SH1p7 p"pT 'BOX thighs (of an animal) which
are designated as a gift Hul 8a(35; M); xmp3
'BEjn removal of the veins of the thighs HG3
155:35; ib. 36; xn^'3T XnnatSX inn certain
thighs of meat Hul 97b (5); XmBDX 'mil two
thighs San 59b(40; F2) [H: XJ1XSDX]; b. human:
sg. rvwy Git 69b(47; OHT Git 154:1)
[4- xnrroa]; n'Btsx xn3 im iT»bx xns in n'1? ran
they tied one (tree) to one thigh of his, and one
(tree) to his other thigh Ber 56b(2; MGG 707:6);
mn'T H'BBjn 'Vfri let him hang (the silver plate)
on his thigh and descend (into the fire) HM
40:14; ib. 39:4!; 2. foundation wall(?): pi. man
Tbva yshycn XmaBX certain foundation walls
which are incorporated into the Tigris Er 57b(37;
ORaHAr [AC 1:62]) [Var: XnnBDy V'Ar (AC
6:186)]
Geon. expl.: m3B .TBB? OHT Git 158:4, i.e. iiii [mng. 1];
expl. RaH: nnya 103 l»m JTO'T [mng. 2]; Lit: Nold, MG 582;
Y: X?DX Meg 7a(53; BAYTN 75).
N3BK n. a bird (etym. unkn.) pi. DIpB 'JDX1 '3D»
"■731X ViaxV 1JH3W the i.-birds and '.-birds are
eaten where it is customary Hul 63a(12) [Var:
'X3T1X MGL 255:3]
*]DN vb. to turn back (< »)Dy*; Sy ■» \ v LS
520, Ma 1#«]DX MD 13) Pe.: XB/'V «]TOXT ]'3Bt
Dnn TOXB1 sometimes the dough turns back and
reaches there [i.e. the rim] Pes 45b(15; E2C)
1BN vb. 4- V2# IDS? vb.
KJ.T1BK 4- XlTinx n.
K0J)1»N, K3N3TIDN n.m. a plant (etym. unkn.)
sg. T13T "ix 'ip 'aim xojnDX 'ix 'ip ijjiwVs in
our language [i.e. spoken Aramaic] it is called
XOmtJX, and the Arabs call it jjijj [i.e.

NS-10K
108
'N
strawberry blight Siggel 74] TGAs28 181:12
[expl. MH I13T M§vi 9:1] = XlXmBX Sura
2 [1955-6] 302:3
NS-lttN, KBTBK, KS"1B n.m./f. leaf, lower part,
season (TA XS1D TO Lev 26:36, Ma XSTBX MD
13, Sy KlitX LS 290) 1. leaf: a. general: sg.
'"1XS Tin X£nBX3 'XI if (the damage is) on the
leaf, it regenerates BB 18b(10); pi. XVI 'S1DX pn
mmn 'sx"? in xiV'xs ^psn two leaves which
emerge from the tree, one opposite the other
Anan 9:16; ib. 13; 20; b. of particular trees: sg.
XTIXT XD1DX leaf of an '.-tree Git 69b(52); X1XT
xy'XB XSIBX xysa the middle row (of the crocus
and) the middle leaf (of it) Nid 20a(38); XS1D
X0X1 myrtle leaf Ket 77b(22; MGG 226:6); Sab
146b(33); xnxjn XS1BX bay leaf Git 69b(24;
V16[corr.]) [Var: XIJH XSnD Ar (AC 6:256)]; HM
46:1; pl.abs. Xrvn p-lDX olive leaves ib. 41:1;
det. 'S1BX 5mA: 37b(4) [myrtle]; n'STDX pm
I'TIBI its [i.e. the wild myrtle's] leaves which are
large and wide HP 32:31(HPP 43:20); ib. 33:3;
TIIDIDX yvwSl HXV'J XDn ... lettuce whose
leaves are flat HM 41:20; 'HIBIDX T»(')a3 DX
]SS381 if its leaves are withered and bent over ib.
4; x"?1D3 WT121 'nxpi 'SIB nmn three leaves of
gourds which are dried in the shade AZ 28b(10);
2. perh. season: pi. 'SIB XTlVri 13 X"lBn wine of
three seasons [i.e. three year old wine] Sab
129a (41) [cf. Rashi]
Y: XB1B BAYTN 84.
- 'Tnn NS1DN n.m. flap of nostril (I XTm;
Sy K'H-ijaJa f^T-X, LS ib., mng. 2) sg. XSItJX
n'Tnh nbxwi the left flap of his nostril Ber
55b(40)
- XlTDn NS1DN n.m. flap of the phallus
(I xmmi) pi. rrron 'snox pn the two flaps of
the penis Anan 85:15
'N conj. if, whether (< |'X; i IX, 13'X; Sy ^tf
LS 27, Ma l#p MD 146) 1. if: a. fol. by a
non-verbal phrase: xV XS"0 'X XS"D IxV xnSD 'X
X1SD if one is a scholar, then one is not a
highwayman. If one is a highwayman, then one is
not a scholar AZ 17b(33); 'XT XJins x"7 X"UX 'X
X"UX xV xnns if there is a fee, there (should) not
(be) a depreciation (charge). If there is a
depreciation (charge), there (should) not (be) a
fee BM 70a(ll); xa,!7 xnV'B IT1? jratn X3'X 'X
'V if there is someone who has heard the matter,
let him tell me Ber 5b(40); Sab 110a(15); BM
42b(i7); AZ I2b(i8); xrnis ]xnn> mn nx ix1? 'x
P'Wpl were it not for you, we would have sat a
bit longer and (then) have gotten up BQ 10b(12);
n"? '"ip mn 3"in M6 'XI for if not [i.e. if Scripture
did not intend to teach us the place of
slaughtering], it would have called it 'sword' [and
not rf73XB Gen 22:10] AnanSch 24:25; IX1? 'XT
XB^p mn X1? "On were it not so, it would not have
endured San 108b(32); Anan 76:24; XJX pinx 'X
XTUH ,!7 13n if I am your brother, give me a
portion Yev 37b(38); 'X '3Vb p'B vnsn wra 'X
'Sisn ]ra 'sVa 13TB if the governors (come)
from you, the kings (come) from us. If the kings
(come) from you, the governors (come) from us
Meg 12a(15; G) II AZ 8b(22); 'BJ 'X alternatively
Ket 80b(16) [I 'ZM usage e.l.a]; X2?n X'Wp VJ?l 'X
if so, the first part of the Mishna is difficult Ber
27a(13) [4- VJH mng. l.a.2]; b. fol. by a verbal
phrase: 1) pf: "lan'X '3n "iBn'X 'X if it was said,
it was said in this manner Sab 39b(16); 'XT
nann man jryBIPX for if he informed us about
the summer ... ib. 8b(21); Meg 29b(39); BM
31a(51); 2) part.: 'nnx 7V SOT' "|3 mm 'X
'Xja XTSttH if you repent [i.e. stop being a
highwayman], I shall give you (in marriage) my
sister who is more beautiful than I BM 84a(41);
13W3 mmn X3BI wyT 'X if you know the date
of the document, write (it) BB 171b(31); X3JH' 'X
xtf»Xtt xV-XI Xiyr if I know-fine. And if not-I
shall ask San 8a(17); X"13 m1? JTX-X1?! nXB 'X if
he dies and he does not have a son Anan 107:5;
T3J7 XV 'J?3 'X T3J? '573 'X if he wishes he does
(it). If he wishes he does not do (it) BM 10b(46);
'©nax ,!7D3 '"Pm 'VB3 'X if the haughty cease to
exist (among the Jews), the magian priests will
cease to exist (among the Persians) San 98a(37)
// Sab 139a(24); '3 tVTy IrVjm "?3 ^ WDt 'X if
you best me, do whatever you want to me Bek
8b(24); Xin l&Vp 13 m1? V'Bp 'X if he kills him
he is liable for execution Mak 10b(28); n'Jtt 'X
Tl3m xnvj VJnnx'? if you want to destroy the
"t 'N
109
*03'K
t :
house of your friend HM 43:9; 3) imp.: ,TBlpn 'X
IV1? ~\yc if your dove will overtake my dove San
25a(3l); yo mV 'ana jxb T3 moprx 'x if I shall
hold him in my hand, who can snatch him away
from me? Hag 15b(18); Vjn XB'n ib 'XT for if
you do not say so ... Er 2a(31); Yom 56b(15); Yev
102b(46); BM 5b(4); Yev 45a(43); 2. 'X ... 'X
either/whether ... or: xmn'B 'X xmn 'X either a
friend or death Tan 23a(53) // BB 16b(24); 13 'X
jmxi yrbn 13 'X Tbm yrbn either thirty-three
or thirty-four years old San 106b(6); n,!? XpSDB
rmn' "I3 'X pi: 'X he was in doubt whether it
is according to the scholars or according to PN
BB 127b(3); BM 18b(46); 'X n'TT 'X XJJTP xVl
n'3m I do not know whether it is his or his
master's Nid 10b(7); Sab 139b(l); Git 6a(47);
Svu 46b(21)
Lit: Satzlehre 271+. This word is occasionally joined
enclitically to a fol. word, esp. in Y mss., e.g. 'Sn1, max' [v.
Kara 45]; '3,T Gcon 340:15; i/T 154:6 [expl. as '3rt IX OXpn];
Y: 'X Ber 18b(l 1; BAYTN 338).
— "7 'N conj. if (the case is) that... (-1 "T mng.
1.5) mm xnnx XS^T 'X if (the case is) that
there is no one else with him Er 70a(17); 'X
'"W 'Xll n33D XS'XT if (the case is) that there is a
danger, it is certainly permitted Yom 49a(23); Bes
26b(27); Yev 61b(32); Ket 101a(25); BQ
32b(35); BB 97b(16)
Lit: Satzlehre 273+.
- "7 IN1? 'X conj. were it not that ... (4 IxV,
IXV'X; Ma -I Kb? MD 350, Nold, MG 478+) 'X
in1? ]jnax xV ... xnmxa nu;a innaxi ixV were
it not that Moses had said them in the Torah, we
could not have said them Ber 33b(43); Mi1? 'X
5?T mn X3a DWXT were it not that (the number
of the wings) had been reduced how would he
have known? Hag 13b(46); XBOn 7V 'Xb"!! IXs? 'X
nrrm xmna nmwa 'a were it not that i had
lifted up the oyster shell for you, would you have
found the pearl under it? Yev 92b(27) [+ //'s;
4-1# xson mng. 2]; n'1? 'oaa mn m1? mxi ix1? 'x
-mnB?V nnxanVl were it not that he had confessed
to him, he would have brought him and his
donkey to the s.-official BB 47a(15); 'XTm IxV 'X
xmy mn XV XW: '3a were it not that she had seen
(this) in her family home, she would not have
done (it) Hul 110a(18; V1'); Sab 60b(50); Meg
lla(48); Yev 17a(22); Git 45a(28); BM 85a(21);
AZ 20b(23); Bek 37a(32)
Lit: Nold, MG 479'.
'N, »H interj. woe! (MH2 M J 343; cf. Sy &«? LS
7) 'ISO 'VBT X3X 'X woe! A basket which is full
of books! [metaph. for one who knows the entire
Tannaitic tradition by heart] Meg 28b(39; M)
[Var: xn G]; XT>ia m xnxmm xnVia 'x
XXlX'Tim woe! A midwife of Jewesses, the
daughter of a midwife of Jewesses AZ\ 26a(26)
[Var: VI Eps, St2 562:2, 9]
Lit: Eps, Gr 143.
"'N 4- n'X particle
SJI'3'K I XnT3'y n.
N^a'X, abs. n3N n.m. limb, arm, male sexual
organ (Sy rt'-Uarc' arm BBah 19:21, Ma 2#Xmj?
arm MD 341; mng. 2: OfA n"73X = MP ker penis
FiP 10:36, DNWSI 7, MH2 "I3X J 9) 1. limb:
sg.abs. 13X "I3X n"7SD he applied a (depilatory)
paste on her one limb at a time Sab 80b(14) //
MQ 9b(46); det. KWYI Xm'X the limb of the
flesh [i.e. the amount on it] Yom 25b(27; L); 2.
arm: sg. "mi nxai ma's in3 xmj im nxa stw
n'lS'X in3 X^31 he saved one hundred and one
men with his one arm and one hundred and one
men with his other arm Ber 60a(53); mm'X "?y
XBW"? his [i.e. Reuben's severed] arm entered the
sarcophagus Sot 7b(38; V2) // BQ 92a(49; Es) //
Mak llb(10; Ed); mVxBttn X13'X his left arm
Sab 90b(24) [cf. Ma x"?xaDT X135? MD ib.];
xra'T X-13'X his right arm Bo 59:10; pi. won
liTy*l3 'ins in'mx they wash their arms together
with their feet Anan 33:11; ib. 35:3; 36:15;
Xlisnx 'mn mm'X his arms are two hammers Bo
78:5; 3. male sexual organ: sg. 'yaw "n n,_l3X
pp njwn ra nans 'or 'm PN's penis was the
size of ajug of nine qabs 5A/84a(13; F1); /'& 16
Lit: Eps, Stl 74; id., St2 813 [mng. 1]; D. Boyarin, Carnal
Israel, Berkeley 1993 197+ [Mng. 2]; Y: X-JTX BAYTN 139.
XHa'N adv. certainly (< Mir *ebar [cf. MP ewar
certain(ly), assured(ly) CPD 31, JudP >pV ib.])
nx X3"?a Xm'X you are certainly a king Git
56b(i); xm'x mV 'ax ann vpb m mn x1? was pn

mu'x
no
"I'N
not there? He said to him: "Certainly" BQ
117a(39); BM 8b(17); 'ax 'Xin XJX IX1? n'1? .T1»X
Jl'in /1X m3'X nV she said to him: "Was it not I?"
He said to her: "Certainly, it was you" BB
168a(4); ib. 46a(23; F2); Hul 59b(33); ib. 42;
MQ 7b(17); Svu 10a(29)
Geon. expl.: p ffl»yx Trarfr "RJIXW D1X3 D'W J131OT13 J7I JW1?
'^a Vxyw pwVai ma'X la'wo xini x^> ix TGKis i.i:i2, i.e. J&
Wald 16; Lit: AAC 5; Y: X}3'X Git ib.(BAYTN 332).
NIU'K n.m. (uncertain) sg. XTU'X '3 X'Tn 'Xn
'aXl r. is like a ... Tan 25b(38; Geon 345:8)
NVa'N n.m. perh. city gate (Ma 1# X^IX MD 5;
1 2#x"71) pi. 'S3 '^'X1? (uncertain) BB 8a(24;
TGAs42 157:11) [+ mss.; v. DS ib. 29s]
But H: XBJ 'bj1? ib; BM 108a(10).
NIS'N, abs. "lA'N n.m. roof, ledge, upper
portion (< Akk igaru wall CAD I 34, AIOA 57;
1 '"U'X '31, Xll'X '33, s.v. 1#X13 mng. 12; LMA
ig-ga-ri Uruklnc 1, TA XIIX TJ Jos 2:6, Sy
rc'-L^rf' LS 5, Ma xnxiiy pi. MD 353, > Arab
jll.1, jLdl Fr, AF 25) 1. roof: sg.abs. m "irxa
Xfip'ay XT3^ from a high roof to a deep pit /fag
5b(37) [metaph. of a great downfall]; det. Pes
113a(17) [4 X3p usage e]; Sab 98b(20); 55
59a(10); Men 64b(27); HM 46:9; .Tll'Xl nfl'tyl
its upper story and its roof SSHai 6a(7); X^'Vm
X"I1X3 J?ps (the din of) the Hallel split the roof
Pes 85b(34); g/rf 63b(38) [4- VrlBI pa./af.]; p0
"]mnr« sm 'TO1 XIIX1? go up to the roof and
throw the ladder down from under you Ber
33a(15) // Pes 112b(17); San 26a(35); p'"70
Xl'ai VS31 Xll'X1? he went up to the roof, jumped
off, and died Tan 29a(43); Ket 103b(14); Pes
112b(16); Yom 75b(25); Meg 16a(27); Qid
40a(14); BB 3b(41); Hul 56b(56); 5o 112:6; i&
139:6; Xll'X |» SHOT '"ITm'X (the animal)
rolled down completely from the roof HP
202:9(HPP 304:17); ib. 12; '31 Xll'XX '»"p lin
XDB/'J3 they were standing on the roof of the
synagogue Nid 13a(47); Yom 28b(38); AZ
26a(52); Hul 51a(13); TWB'X X"U'X3 3'rl' mn
n'lPBJ J131 n'TIWa he was sitting on the roof, it
collapsed under him, and he died Ket 62b(17);
X"U'Xl DIB the edge of the roof Ber 63a(33); Er
100a(14) [4- XaiB'X]; 2. perh. ledge: sg. X371' mn
X"U'X ty KW3 'aip she was sitting in front of the
wall on the ledge San 95a(45; SM 112:23); Xll'X
XTICH the ledge [rampart?] of the (city) wall ib.
109b (40); 3. horizontal portion (of a letter)
[4- 1#X33 mng. 3, XJJ]: pi. mrxV W^TO "7TX
XO'IIBI T'lltfl XT iT'W '31 he proceeded to
remove the horizontal portions of the bet (in the
word XD'"nB3), made it into a waw, and made it
into XD'YIBI 'and the vineyard' BB 167a(17; HP
67:23)
Y: XIJ'X Pes 85b(34; BAYTN 253).
Nrna'N n.f. letter, legal document (< Akk
egirtu letter, legal document [NA] CAD E 45,
AIOA 48; TA xrftSx TJ 2K 5:5, Sy re'&i-J^K' LS
5, Ma Xm'JUy MD 353; mng. 2: OA XDD3 NmiX
contract concerning silver DNWSI 12) 1. letter:
sg. pnv "IT .T&ffS X3iyaa XJTIIX 'XJ1X a letter
came from Eretz Israel in the name of PN Sab
115a(7); BB 41b(12); San 29a(3); X3TD mn
'aTr? XJTll'X there was a letter written to Rome
AZ I7b(50); xnp'a xVn xmrxa "WB'a xVn xa"?n
a dream which is not interpreted is like a letter
which is not read Ber 55b(19); San 82a(55)
[+ ll\ I xmp]; BM 114a(4); Tern 14a(44); 2.
legal document, writ: sg.cs. 1'pUlP mix writ of
divorce SSHai 3a(17); Bo 10:10; det. XDB '3
XJTU'X1? naniraV when he was about to sign the
document Yom 77a(36); ib. 43; Xjnx 'jpi X3'1?
xmJ'X3 x"?X one can only acquire possession of
a field by means of a legal document .8.8 54b(10)
On the defective spelling in SSHai ib., V. OHT Git 197:16; Y:
Xfnj'X Sab 115a(7; BAYTN 289).
NTN n. perh. fate (< BH TX HAL 38) pl.cs. 'TX
mv the fates of heaven Bo 78:14; ib. 20
'TX pron. m. this (< 4 ]'TX, m'X) only in 'TX
'TX1 this one and that one: X"liy'tt? in 'TXT 'TX
Xin this one and that one are the same measure
Sot 4a(29); Pes 53a(23); XJl'llXI 'TX1 'TX this
one and that one are Pentateuchal injunctions San
41b(24); Sab 80b(25); Yom 30b(19); Meg
7b(50); BQ 106a(25); BB 57b(7); ^Z 66a(28);
Bek 26a(32)
Geon. expl.: mm XTI m ITT "^X^X 1033 'TNI 'TX LPT
146:14; Lit: Eps, Gr 23; Nold, MG 921; Voc: 'TX San 38b(27;
He); 'TX HGP 19b: 10; Y: 'TX Pes ib.(BAYTN 342).
H'N
111
'.TS
]'TK pron. which one (< ]'T'n; dial, form; JPA
p'VI DJPA 162; 4- 'n) D3n 'ipn'D p'X which one
is called a wise man? 7am 32a(23); ib. 24; 26
Y: fTX Tam ib.
'TJ'l'S pron. m./f. that, the other, remainder
(< -p/TT + 'X; 4- 'TX) 1. that, the other: a.
alone: m. -|TX1 and the other one? Er 41b(28);
Hag 26b(l 1); San 57a(7); '13X1 "P'X nriB the other
one began speaking and said Pes 3b(23) [# in];
Meg 23b(37); ^'X D"a in D3"OTX "?'T, perhaps
by the time one (brother) performs the levirate
marriage the other will die Yev 26a(32); Pes
62a(31) [* Xinn]; f. ^TXl XH Xin one is this, and
the other ... BB 144a(33); ib. 150b(32); 1TX X'3n
another (Tannaitic source) is learnt Yom llb(31);
XB'OT 1TX1 that (case) of the final section (of the
Mishna) Male 14a(31); HXW3 "ft -nflOn ^TXl you
will be permitted to derive benefit from that one
[i.e. wine jug] AZ 49b(25); mm' 'IT "p'X that
(statement) of PN Sab 6b(7); b. m., w. fol. n.:
XO'l -jTX the other side Er 8b(ll) [* XD'l in];
BM 84a(40); Meg 12b (51) [4- 2#XD'A mng. 2];
X^B "1TX the other half Hul 79b(40); Git 73a(2);
BQ 53a(36); BM 39b(23); X3X2/'V -JTX the other
version Suk 7a(24); Yev 46a(41); XD^y T'X the
other world [i.e. the world to come] Hag 15a(25);
]'pTD "]TX3 in another chapter of our (Mishna)
Tan 14a(10); 2. remainder, rest: XBttTB -|TX1
and the rest (of the Torah) is the explanation (of
this rule) Sab 31a(30); n'"73n3 n'Vn'J ni3tn -p'Xl
let her sell the rest of it [i.e. her ketubba] to him
(in compensation) for his injury BQ 89b(17)
Lit: Barth, Pron 77; Voc: rrx HPP 245:17; "1TX HGP 36a:18;
Y: i]TX Gil 77b(36; BAYTN 342).
P'N 4- XJTy n.
tUVn'K, NaiTM'N n.m./f. an inner closed
room (< MP andaron inside, within CPD 9 [cf.
NP andarun PED 109]; Pal JVTCX PAT 335,
DNWSI 19, TA irVix TJ Jud 3:24 [H Tin], Sy
riioiiiK' LS 6, Ma Xirnjy MD 353, > Arab
ujj Ji PLAr 7) sg. '33 j?3ix n'"? ma xn-mx 'xn
an inner room which has four doors Men 34a(7;
M); xarrrx xinn"? xnns rvb n'ns mm (a certain
synagogue) whose entrance faced a certain inner
room Meg 26b (40); X33"7 X1D1 XJTTH'X^ H'Ty
H'BX3 he brought him into the inner room and
closed the door before him BM 86a(25); Hul
52b(41); BQ 85b(19); ib. 91b(12); Meg 26b(39);
x'n xri'^ya ximrx 3n m xmosx (is not) the
exedra of the be rav a proper inner room? Men
33b(36); XtVbDIXT XJm'XT (an incantation) of
the inner room, of the vaulted chamber Bo 14:13
[indicates where the bowl should be placed]
Lit: Fl, TW 1:12; Tel 7; Y: XjiTI'X Meg 26b(39; BAYTN 305).
in'N pron. he, it (< reduplicated imn* [GVG
1:304], w. dissim. -u-u- > -i-u-\ cf. Sy cuncn LS
172; i Xin, im) a. as subj.: 1) general: .TV TJJH
n'tt/Bi"? Vl'X what he made for himself Sab
58a(5); H'DU lH'X he himself ib. 109b(38); lH'X
X1H it is he Er 54a(51); V'nia ln'X IX1?! X'JD X1?
must he circumcise? Pes 7b(4); San 42a(46); ln'X
I'ja n»3 how long did he reign? Meg 1 lb(54); IX
IpV ln'X IX 'Ipfi? XJX either I lied or he lied Yev
55b(33); Sab 156a(26); Git 83a(32); 5M42b(6);
55 41a(23); ib. 73b(24); ]3'3n' mn ln'Xl X3XT
'am' 'm n'»p I and he were sitting in front of PN
Nid 25b(44); XpJTlB 'ln'V ln'X XmrXT WTp let
the reader of the letter be the messenger (who
delivers it) BM 83b(32) [prov.]; 2) in cleft
sentences: n'PSJX T0BXT XW in'N it is he who
caused damage to himself Ket 3a(29); Xin ln'X
n'\£?B3 *1'03» Xpl it is he who puts himself to
shame Sot 32b(38); Git 32a(21); Zev 49a(35);
Hul 94b(37); '31V 1W H'V X'"U1»X1 Xin ln'X
mi3J? it is for him [i.e. the priest] that the
Sabbath was permitted with regard to Temple
worship San 51a(9); b. as obj.: x"?l ]rm ln'X XV
]3'3?3 n'llX we do not want either it or its reward
Yom 69b(19); San 94b(38); 'TB BTJ'X 1'3T» '3T
T3T» n'»'»»n tal ln'X a person only sells
something (together) with all of its implements
BB 78b(12; P1); c. in prep, phrase: VTX x"73
without him BQ 10a(46)
This pron. only occurs in JBA of BT, and except for the
examples quoted, it is only employed as the subj. of a nominal
or verbal phrase. Lit: Barth, Pron 14, understood "'X as a
demonstrative prefix, but this was rejected by Kut, Studies 213
[Heb]; Voc: i,TX HGP 23a:18; Y: W'X Sab 58a(5; BAYTN 341).
'H'N pron. she, it (< reduplicated 'ri'n* [GVG
1:304], w. dissim. -u-u- > -i-u-; 4- X'n, 'mi) a. in
nominal phrases: 1) as subject: 'TX 'Xa nxon

Nittn'N
112
NSB'N
what is (the reference to) a sin offering? Pes
45a(3); Suk 16a(7); Yom 19b(43); 2) w. copula
X'H: X'.1 '.TX is it identical? [lit. is it it?] Suk
35b(6); X'H '.TX IX1? is it not identical? £5
167b(38); XT! 'TX Xim Xin 73 (do we say):
"Each one is, in fact, she?" Ket 27a(47); b. in
verbal phrases: xma Xim ',TX 'XSntt/X she and
one daughter were captured BM 39b(10); '3'n
'TX X'3Jna how can she prophecy? Meg
14b(17); xaa'na TPX she is believed Yev 65a(20);
XT3X X1? TOS3 'H'X it [i.e. the idolatry] did not
save itself AZ 41b(6); X13y HTT 'H'X it [i.e. the
ban] will do its (job) A/0 17a(54); 7ev 91a(9);
G/7 49b(28); Qid 73a(29); Afa/c 16a(38); Mrf
69a(39)
This form of the pron. is employed only as the subject of verbal
or nominal phrases; Voc: 'n'X San 41a(22; BAYTN 341).
man'K 4- x-ianx n.
N^i'N n.m. noise (4- Vtfnx) sg. xm xaVys xwrx
]'330an '11STD 'J'3 X3'X1 it is merely the noise
(of the air) between the bronchia which are
entangled HP 200:16
iOJt'N n.m. messenger (< OP asgdndes H.
Happ, Glotta 40 [1962] 198+, Turfan IM'ty Geig,
AAC 14; TA pM pi. TJ IS 6:21, Sy rC^unf
LS 9, Ma XTJXltfX MD 40, ZSLM 38) sg. XTO'X
'y3"IN3 Xaty yOBI XT7p a swift messenger [i.e.
Elijah] who traverses the world in four (steps)
TGHark 189:26
There is no connection bet. this word and Akk Asgondu, a PN
[v. CAD A/2 427, AIOA 38].
'T'N, ll'N adv. then, at all events (< NP zihe
bravo, well done PED 631; 4-'T) a. alone: '7 '»'X
mn '3'n X13iyi XSIJ n'X tell me then, what was
the essence of the case [lit. how the essence of
the case was] Git 39b(39); Ket 63a(13); BQ
27b(25); BM 70a(8); BB 32b(32); Hul 51a(15);
DX TX ]7 XS'X you tell us then AZ 4a(41); BB
74a(24); b. in phrase m'» TX: TX '7 V2IWX
nna n3TD1 nrra swear to me at all events that
(the animal) died naturally BM 98b(8); Sab
138b(16); ib. 125a(31)!; Ned 81a(39)
Lit: Eps, Stl 201; Y: 'T'X BAYTN 338.
Kb>T'N, K^t'y, pi. 'Vt'N n.m. net trap, net
(< xVry; i 2#7TX; Sy kISuj. LS 519, rdiu.K'
ib. 10, Ma X7Ty net for trapping birds or animals
MD 347) sg. nD'j? '3ipai X7I'X a net whose
knots are close together Hul 51b(34) [i.e. of high
density; v. Geon 270:21]; ,T1Dp J'pinai X7T'X a
net whose knots are tight Geon 270:18; pi. ib. 3;
Git 60b(49) [i xttix]; 'Vry A/g iia(6); nana
'7T'X3 X-1107 n7 p'OD PN used to divide up GN
with nets Er 8a(23; O); TGAs42 164:4
Geon. expl.: H33W GnK5 171:15, i.e. <iii net, snare [v. Koh,
ACSup 684]; expl. Ar: .T'lB^W J'Binn p f'Wyn nniXO |HW 'Wx
OHP Er 85:27. Lit: Nold, MG 582; Y: xW'X Hul ib.(BAYTN
108).
XrhVX n.f. bunch (4- V2# 7TX) pi. '13'X1 Xn7T'X
farmers' bunches £V 28b(53)
Knai'K 4- xnarn n.
XIT'X n.m. coarse inexpensive garment (cf. Sy
rc4u.«' belt LS 10, BBah 122:24 [= Arab jljl];
4- i# xmx) sg. 'ipx 'xa 'T'X xa?y jvu xJTxn
XT1I 13 !XT1X3 now people use coarse garments.
What are 'IPX? A coarse garment costing a zuz
Seel 15:15(Var)
tnin'N n.m. delay (4- Vl#inX; LJLA TirVX TgPs
89:52) sg. X'TOX'inOniX X73 without delay
SSHai 4a(\6)
NBB'N n.m. stoppage (4- VDDX, sec. rt. < VaatJ;
cf. Sy Klin ,\^ LS 14) sg. TU3 XaB'X Dpi
X378 a stoppage [i.e. dam] formed on the royal
canal Qid 70b(33)
Y: XOBX Qid ib.(BAYTN 75).
NSD'N, KSND'K n.m. fold, depression, curved
part (< XBD'y*; cf. TA ~|SWy your bosom TO Ex
4:6; cf. Sy ."^ v to turn back LS 520, Ma
1#«]DX MD 13) 1. fold, depression: pi. 'J'3
'BXD'X between the depressions [i.e. the holes in
the cheese] AZ 35b(39; TGHark 23:20) [Var:
'B'DX P1; 'BX'B'X GnK5 136:21]; '31 'SD'X 'J'3
XD'Oarm '03 between the folds of the reticulum
and the omasum HG3 161:4; 2. curved part: pi.
T3jnn '-ibid bym '3 n'3 'box inn D'xpn xmax
'BBX ]'"W the nut which is composed of two
curved parts [i.e. the shells] is like the nail cutter
which was made of two curved parts Anan 87:11
Geon. expl.: ri"B3 JlXpoy'PX J'2 TGHark ib., i.e. ^lliijl ^
small depressions Wald 48; Lit: Eps, Stl 78; Y: 'BB'X AZ
ib.(BAYTN 108).
lOB'N 113 N|^
NIU'N n.m. a type of sale document
(4- V2# 1»y) a. alone: pi. ntJ'X HP 72:27; b. w.
•\/3rD pe.: sg. rf? Tl'X X"?p XIB'X TD (if) they drew
up an '.-document it is publicized BB 29b(12); c.
w. Vl33? pe.: nb n'X abp XID'X T3y (if) an
'.-document is made, it is publicly known BM
39b(5; V"); ib. 8
"7 'I."*?* 'T^ conJ- because, since (< 'T + "X;
4- XT, 'T ^ prep.) a. w. fol. non-verbal phrase:
nariX 'manx lUin 'TX since (the limb) is small,
it was completely dissolved Bek 45a(46); 'T'X
xy"?3 X3'D"n since (the meal offering) is soft it
absorbs Zev 98a(15); X'JD xVt Xin XS'XT 'T'X
vbv x"?3 since one (animal) must (bear) three
Bek 20b(27); ib. 13a(29); 5o? 34b(49); ^ra
13b(35); b. w. fol. verbal phrase: 1) pf: ]im 'T'X
ima mns 'aj xs'D xan ^'td nvn since we leamt
in the first part of the Mishna concerning the size
of an olive, (the Tanna) learnt also in the last part
concerning less than an olive Ber 47b (41); Pes
7b(16); RH 33b(9); Qid 65a(22); BQ 10a(30); 2)
part.: TJl'a Xiiaa p'DJ XpT 'T'X since the money
leaves his possession Qid 50b(3); 'jm 'TX
'ircnb since he wants to learn ... Naz 21a(26);
5A/62a(13);//w/109b(4)
Lit: Bacher 4; Y: T$ &A 109b(24; BAYTN 336).
1# «V"N n.m. ship's 'ram' (BH 1#V'X HAL 38)
sg. 'rU'SOT 'T'X Ned 50a(32)
Lit: Sperber, Nautica 51; Y: X^'X Ned ib.(75).
2# nV"N n.m. deer (4- XJIT'X; TA XTX TO Dt
14:5,TSy rdiL.K' LS 15, Ma XTX MD 15) sg.
XT'XT XJTIT semen of a deer £eA: 7b(25); XTX
AnanSch 24:1!
KnV'**< n.f. hind (4- 2# xV"X; TA XirTX pi. TJ
Jer 14':5, Sy k'^Ijk' LS 15, Ma XJ1XTX pi. MD
15) sg. xrrT'XD V'^pT 'VnSJ Naphtali who is swift
like a hind Sot 13a(26) [w. ref. to Gen 49:21]; 'Xn
XnT'X 1T13 V'TXT Xin XT'Xn XJ?1T semen of a deer
which copulates with a hind Bek 7b(25)
Y: XrrW Sot ib.(BAYTN 231).
D"N vb. to threaten (< MH2 D"X J 50) Pa. 'Xai
lin'^y 'aT'X1? ]r"iax XriTa what statement do we
say to threaten them [i.e. the witnesses]? Seel
62:10 [cf. o'Tyn Vy ra"xa RH 20a(35)]
T*S n.m. /^var, the eighth month (< Akk Ijjaru
AIOA 114; Sy iJn" LS 16, Ma 2#1X'X MD 14)
sg. nroy nuy xna; xinm T'X (the scholars)
indeed added a day to lyyar of that year Sab
87b(12); T'X iy in1? X31B3a X3X I shall wait for
them until lyyar BM 73a(37); T'Xl XnT ttPI the
first day of the month of lyyar Sab 87b(l 1); RH
3a(19); Aef 95a(l); iSGF 117:14
Y: T;x &A 87b(12).
■S]'N conj. that (introducing direct speech, in
writs only; caique < MP ku = Peh Ideog 'yk FiP
25:4 [v. Nyberg 120, mng. 4.d]; Sy yy.K' LS 14,
Ma nx'x MD 14) rv>T3j7 xn'^s na xri'^B tx
'Hn 13 xnXT XT p XD'l that NN received a ^ef
from the hand of PN G/? 35a(48); SSHai 3a(8);
/& 4b(16); 12a(16); 13b(13); SSSad 175:12; Dec
10:3
Lit: Kut, Studies 140; Y: TX Git ib.
NS'N particle of existence there is, is possible
(< X3 Tl'X; 4- Tl'X, X3'1?; Ma l#X3y MD 348) 1.
there is: a. alone: X3'X Xm there is, in fact, (such
a case) BQ 10a(44); ib. 56a(12); b. w. fol. n.: 1)
alone: X31T X3'X there is a majority Hul 28b(43);
mp^ai )iaa X3'Xn X3'n "73 wherever there is a
monetary (penalty) and lashes Ket 32a(7); X3'n
n'1? 'am 'Ta X3'Xn where there is something
similar to it Hul 85a(33); XfiTa X3'XT nil'X DX
X"?p rb TVb if it is (the case) that there is
something [i.e. a blemished pedigree], it is not
publicized Qid 76a(36); Wipan n'3 X3'XT Xnitfn
now that there is a Temple Suk 41a(35); ]ani na3
Xp1E?3 X3'X XiX '3 how many PN's like me are
there in the marketplace? Qid 33a(45); 131 *p
1"W3 X3'X '13J such and such (a number of) men
are with us BM 94a(l); X3'X '331 01^1 on "?'T
X3n are there perhaps-heaven forbid-robbers
here? BB 74a(31); X3'X Xn"Cnp 'mn there are
two difficulties Hul 32b(9); T1X3 X:ma X3'X
7X11S' there is pestilence in Eretz Israel Tan
21b(29); in'ra Xin xnxa XS'X is there one town
(completely populated) by them [i.e. the Jews]?
Meg 13b (43); naVw XS'X xm is there not, in fact,
Solomon? Meg 1 lb(l); 'XTT3 X13J X3'X there is
a man among the Jews BM 86a(7); '3 X3'X ]Xa
"n who is there in PN's household (who will hear

K13'K
114
kts'n
me)? Yev 121b(39); 2) w. mn [cf. i TVX usage
a.2]: n'lV'y xVd XD'X mn there was dew on it Sab
147a(9); pi in XD'X mn there was one with us
ib. I56b(l2); 'wrx ,!?3x nm 'dVd iron xd'X mn
there were certain dogs that used to eat people AZ
18b(2); Ket 103b(13); BB 32b(31); Hul 7a(39);
Xlioa iVsm ]XD XD'X mn xVl there was no one
who was outstanding (in knowledge) in GN iSGF
107:9; c. w. fol. pron.: XiX XD'XI n"in'n X1? do
not recite it [i.e. niiy MSot 9:15] because I exist
[lit. there is I] Sot 49b(55); xn 'Di XD'X xn there
is, in fact, also this [i.e. another difference] Yom
8b(4); Tinnx XD'X xn there is, in fact, another
(difference) San 36b(ll); 'in XD'X Xm there are,
in fact, these ib. 89a(49); d. w. fol. adv.: 'D,1 XD'X
'3n XD'Xl there is this way and there is that way
[i.e. two interpretations] Meg 10b(23); XD'X '121
'3n is there such a thing? BQ lla(12); e. w. fol.
prep, phrase: in"i3 XD'X "DxV X3"l p XD'X 'XD
what (difference) is there between PN and PN2?
(The difference) between them is ... Ket 30b(15);
Kill 'Xn 'D XD'X 'Bl is there such a case? BQ
35a(8); TOT xyp"l3 XD'Xl TiyT xV XyiXD XD'Xl
you do not know what there is on the earth. Can
you know what there is in heaven? San 39a(18);
f. w. fol. "1-phrase: 1) alone: lrf? 'JV'tn XD'X 'X
Dnn XJIS'I if there is someone who will bring
them bread there Er 73a(43); '"l»Xi XD'X some
say [lit. there are those who say] Pes 112b(7)
[and passim; cf. JPA p»XT n'X DJPA 56]; XD'X
XilD 3'm xVl XD'Xl xriDX 3'n'l there are some
who pay the poll tax and there are others who do
not pay the poll tax Yom 77a(46); Suk 53a(44);
Yev 64b(42); XD10X rf? 'illOT XD'X there is
someone who transmits it [i.e. the statement of
PN ib.] on the concluding part (of the Mishna)
Bes 28a(23) [and passim]; Meg 30b(10); Qid
73a(18); BQ 16a(28); yap xVl xnD i?BI»1 XD'X
Xna there may be someone who hears about this
and does not hear about that Qid 81a(18); BB
145a(40); ]']© ]'y32? 'iXJT XD'X is there someone
who can sleep for seventy years? Tan 23a(43); 2)
w. a fol. n.: X1DP3 n'3 TlD mn na 'J?TT 'ino XD'X
there are witnesses who know what was written
in the deed BQ 98b(l); X"l»n 'TH2?ai 'Iffi'X XD'X
xV"DT XiSD there are people who send wine in a I
measuring vessel Bes 29a(39); X7IXD XD'X
Dnn1? xanpHT (if) there is a town which is close
to there MQ 12a(4); 2. w. fol. inf. is possible,
may: -|»'»V XD'X 'XD what can one say? [lit. what
is there to say?] Sab 6a(16) [and passim]; XD'X
-pS'H1? it is possible to refute Pes 23b(19); Oinn
XyoaV XD'X X1? nDia xyvtfr XD'X one may make
a mistake in the Targum. One does not make a
mistake in the blessing Meg 32a(8); ib. 27b(8);
Suk 38b(l); Yev 53b(17); Ned 14a(6); Zev
17a(l); Ara 30b(2); Anan 10:18
Lit: Satzlehre 141+. Since this word acts as a pseudo-vb. it has
formed the quasi-inf. JOna; cf. X3'X X3'» nn'13 KTD'X there is
indeed a prohibition HP 11:8 [v. Eps, Stl 97]; Voc: XD'X HPP
40:20; Y: X3'X BQ 2a(9; BAYTN 332).
*03'N (uncertain) HG1 94:38
13'N part, if, indeed ... (< ID + 'X; i 'X, ID, 'D
interj.) introducing irrealis conditional sentence
in pf: 'XiaV pni'DD 'XI1X X1? Xni»n ID'X if, indeed,
I had not come now, you would have endangered
my son Ber 25b(52); -p '"IBX xV '3'DW ID'X if,
indeed, I had died, I could not have told you Yev
46a(27) // Sab 152b(33) // BM 73b(26); Bes
4b(l); Hag 5b(41); Yev 65b(48); BB 87a(32); ib.
llla(32); San 107a(26)
Lit: Ros, Yalon Vol 31060 w. prev. lit. [who analyzes the form
as < 13 -)'X]; Satzlehre 278+; Eps, Gr 141; Voc: 13'X BM
73b(26; Oxf, heb. d.45) [Ros, op. cit.]; Y: B'X BAYTN 338.
D13'N adj. black (I VoDX, DD1X; Ma xaiDy MD
349) sg.m. XaiD'X X'JIS black water bucket! Pes
88a(44) [+ //'s; 4- 1# X'nS; pejorative appellation]
NTO'K n.m. shrine spirit (< Akk ekurru temple
CAD E 70; Ma XTIDy MD 349, rang, b, AIT 349)
pi. XlV'TX '"IID'X ©aD'm ^lD'D because I am
going to subdue shrine spirits Bo 52:11
JlSD(')N4Wl#«px
N"13'N n.m. farm laborer (< Akk ikkaru CAD
I/J49, AIOA 58; I nxiD'X; TA XID'X TJ Is 21:10,
Sy nf'-tir^ LS 20, Ma X1XDJ? MD 349) pi. XnD'X
T3T *n PN's farm laborers San 26b (45; HGP
39a:24) [Var: '"IXD'X VTM 108; n'ID'X K; 'nnD'X
RaH; 'O'nx HeRashi (v. comm.)]; 'ID'XT xrv>T'X
farmers' bunches Er 28b(53)
I Y: nyx Er ib.(BAYTN 253).
T T T
115
rV'N
nsnS'N adj. of a farmer (4- XID'X) pl.f. 'mn
xn""D'X Xnxsn two farmer's loaves Er 82b(39;
O)
1# KV'N, NV»y n.m. foal (< xW; Sy rdJL^ LS
516) sg. n'JJ'XT xnmiX VWa xb'X a foal (which)
upsets the ways of its mother BB 9a(53); ib.
9b(9); Xian "13 xV'y donkey foal Sab 110b(37);
pi. '1D1T '"7'y small foals ib. 155a(36)
Lit: Eps, PLA 220; Y: Xb'X BAYTN 8.
n.m. a parasitic worm (etym. unkn.)
sg. 'Di'jn X^'X an '.-worm of grapes Sab 90a(47;
MTRN 622:7) [O: xV"X]
Geon expl.: IBM p»'<W>3 D'3V JW'VriBB T\f?V\ TRN 623:1;
Y: X^'X Sab ib.
1# K^'K conj. if not (< X1? J'X; 1 X"?X; Sy rdW
LS 20, mng. 1) a. alone or w. '1: 'Dn N13'n xV'X
if you do not say so San 105b(44); mVop "?'T
"p XiV'tsp XV'XI X'iVD1? go (and) kill so-and-so,
and if not, I shall kill you Pes 25b(12); Ket
50b(24); ib. 76b(ll); Mak 3a(6); TGHark
165:18; ib. 166:16; 271:27; p'sn n»'X Vd x"?'X1
x1? "l&'n1? pi 'Vb p'na ... yip ab id x-mv
XiV'IS and if not, whenever the document is
presented untorn, NN is believed in saying: "I
have not been paid" SSHai 4b(5); TGHark 35:8;
b. in seq. xV'X ... 'X/1X: X»'i iT3J t?'l'X XD'X IX
n'PSi1? in'X XI3'i X"?'X1 m"? if there is someone
with him let him recite (it) to him. And if not, let
him recite (it) to himself Pes 112a(25); "WSX 'X
n'2/sna vrx rb 'ixa x"?'xi m> 'ixa mtib n'V if its
owner could afford it he would (re)build it. And
if not, (PN) would (re)build it at his own expense
Tan 20b(44); XiV'XP xV'Xl XiJH' XiJH' 'X if I
know-fine. And if not, I shall ask San 8a(17);
ib. 96b(28); Meg 3a(43); Xi'»X X»J?tJ 'V n'X 1XT
'3 XiYin XV'XI ID1? if I have an explanation I shall
state it to you. And if not, I shall retract BB
130b(27; TGHark 175:26); TGHark 159:12; HP
100:22
Lit: Eps, Stl 165; Voc: x5'X HPP 257:21.
2# KV'N i X"7X conj.
ISV'K adv. only, conj. if not (4 x"?X, "T IX1? 'X;
Ma' "I lX^y MD 350, Sy rdi ^jf PSm 250) I.
adv. after a negation only [= x"?X]: X1? XnSDT
tt^mp DlpD3 1X"?'X H'1? li'nna we only place a
Torah scroll in a holy place Anan 23:28; XDTIX1
nst? 1X"?'X 'lXn X1? XniSXT the length of the
forehead is only a handbreadth ib. 10:12; 5:10;
14:4; 33:7; AnanSch 23:23; ib. 24:6; 27:11; II.
conj. if not: 4- l#x"?'X
Knb»N I xn"7X
?V'N conj. if, whereas (< V> 'X; Sy o-W LS 21,
SG § 375) 1. if (w. fol. irrealis clause in pf): JTD
nynn nswnax 3"n'ia mVy 3'ir?n x"?i p'ns/x iV'xt
since if he were silent and did not think about it
he would be culpable for his (original) thought of
sowing Sab 91a(26); 2. whereas: li'ina Xp ]iXl
•pto mn 'D mim dt rrxi myna no'^n i'spiy3
XlO'a 'nx mn n'iXDa we study thirteen literary
units in the (Tractate) 'Uqsin, whereas when PN
would (merely) remove his shoe it would rain Ber
20a(8); '0» Kb 130 311 'DM n3D ]15W '1 T?'X1 for
whereas PN is of the opinion (that) it heals, and
PN2 is of the opinion (that) it does not heal Sab
lllb(12); X3ny '"J7 TTCinb Kb 1'TIXT ]Xn I'j'Xl
whereas one who lent to another by means of a
guarantor Seel 33:2; ib. 38:1; 51:44; 71:30 [and
passim in this text]
Passim in Seel; Lit: Eps, Stl 90.
Nll^'N n.m. aloe (< XlVy*; Sy rCo.lrc', ,fLL^ LS
21, 526, Ma K'Xlty MD 351) sg. Git 69b(45) [in
a medicinal recipe]
RaH: DB12 "ftx ty^a '8: XTfr'X, i.e. jjli OHR Git 45:24 [v.
Nold, NB 434]; Lit: AAC 25, w. lit.; Nold, MG 582; Low, Flora
2:149+; Y: X1>'X ifefBAYTN 108).
K^V'N n.m. dirge (V'Vx; Sy rclLW LS 20) sg.
in"DlB3 rf? bsn Xin Xvbyi X'V'X it was merely
a dirge that came out of their mouth Ara 1 lb(53);
ib. 12a(14)
Y: X'^'X Ara ib.(BAYTN 108).
K3'^'N n.m. thumb (Ma XiX'Vy MD 351, TA
ll'^X TO Ex 29:20) sg. Xi'^'XI nnBlB his
thumbnail Git 69a(35); J?31X Xn"mXT nst?
Xi""7'X3 a Pentateuchal handbreadth is four times
the width of a thumb Men 41b(28; Seel 154:13);
XiXliCV-X GC 30:7
pron. these (archaic and dialectal;
BA 1'Vx HALOT 1814; 4- 'i.1; Ma py MD 351,

ir*
116
T
JPA ]"V'X, ]'V>X DJPA 153, Sy ^xAm LS 177) a.
in BT: 1) in an incantation: X'3x"Va p'X these
angels Sab 67a(25); 2) in legal documents: X'03J
1'V'X this property Ket 104b(38); X'JW nVltfan
l^'X at the end of these years BB 35b(15); T3T
]V'X this sale /A. 61b(12); XHnxa ]^>'X these are
its borders ib. 63a(4; P1); b. in post-Talmudic lit.:
1) general: '"1X1 ]'Vx these generations I$GF
62:1; XflX'T3 ]'V'X these barraitot ib. 43:4; '^713
'W p'X all these years tf>. 89:7; HP 185:30; Xin
'^a p'X p one of these things Anan 16:9; ifc
23:16; 51:8; '"?'» '"7'X 7TC7//a«t 165:16; p'X
XnX^'XK/ these questions fC^i 93b: 1; ib.
67:26; 2) incantations: ]'Vx 'SX^a these angels 5o
67:8; ]'^'X 'TI'J these vows 5o 94a: 10; //A/
46:16; 3) legal documents: p'X XnxV'XW these
questions TGHark 32:6; i& 156:23; p'X
Xnxnya© these legal traditions /& 190:1; frv. ^3
'ayt? all these reasons ib. 276:9; 190:6; 268:8;
SSHai lla(21); p'X T3T ib. 6a(13); p^'X Jimo
'nT all these months ib. 8a(17); 18a(12); Dec
10:11; mn nm finpVin 30'a1? ij?m t'j'x these
(people) who want to take their portion together
TGHark 171:19
Y: ]'Vx Sab 67a(25; BAYTN 342).
^V'K adv. further on (< MH "I^X Yeivin, BV
1127) a. in phrase T>'X1 ](X)3'B [4- 1#]X3]; b.
other: "]V'X1 H'XBna from his sins and further on
Yev 55a(48)
dV'K, '»"?'N, 'aaV'N adj., n. mute (TA XO'Vx
TOv Ex 4:11, BH oVx HAL 56) I. adj. mute:
pl.m. jXTBIBa pV'X inn' they will be mute in
their mouths Bo 71:7; II. n. mute person: pl.m.
'3m n'ni33'B?3 nm 'aV'x '-in vun two certain
mutes who were in PN's neighborhood Hag
3a(12); Ma'Vx 5o 78:19
Y: 'nW Hag ib.(BAYTN 249).
Ki^'N n.m. tree (TA X?7'X TO Dt 20:19, Sy
rdJL.K' LS 15, Ma XJXty MD 351) sg. X3'H
mm xjV'xV mmx xts1? m1? nVp© '3i xjTjm
p'SB if when you take its fruit, the tree remains
(viable) and produces fruit again Ber 40a(57);
XlV'X "'rax ... XJ^'X 'fcTllX to repair the tree, to
strengthen the tree AZ 50b(19) [+ //'s; 4- V2#'"I3
af, mng. 1]; msil XlV'X J?VnXi XH this refers to
where the tree itself became wormy //«/ 67b(9);
"1^"X ~npy uproot your tree BB 37a(10); Meg
16a(44); X^'Xi m'rn the strength of the tree BB
73b(14); Git 68a(45); XlV'Xi 'S"lDXi DOT
TJ7D3 p'ltfBia because the leaves of the tree
sprout of themselves Anan 9:20; ib. 17; mBV3
XlV'Xl XT1X in the form of a cedar and a tree Bo
78:12; pi. ']V'X MBUI 'tf>'X '^pH 'j'j'XI 'VpH date
palms and (other) trees-date palms (are
preferable); trees and vines-trees (are
preferable) Ket 79a(35); BB 69b(15); .SStfa/'
6b(8); '3^>*n 'J^'X trees which blossom 5er
43b(10; F) // /?// lla(41); T1P3 'n"S1 D'pai
'iV'Xa he takes and brings seeds from trees Git
68b(27); Sab 30b(5) [4- VtiTlX pe., mng. 1]; &A
67a(21) [4 H'31]; Sot 35a(33); HM 41:7
Y: '£'X Ber 43b(10; BAYTN 137).
NSV'N n.f. boat, ship (< Akk elippu f. CAD E
9o', AIOA 48; TA XS"?X f. TJ Jo 1:3, Sy ptiiArc'
f. LS 22, Ma XdVti Gs 80:10) sg. XSV-X1? rf? 'Tl
XD3a X"?3 xVtXT woe to the boat which travels
without (having paid) the toll AZ 10b(45); XS^'XS
D'3 n"?IXT like a ship which sailed on the sea Er
53b(20); Xa'3 XS'j'X X^'B1? to detain a ship at
sea HM 42:15
Lit: Eps, Stl 330 [Ma form]; Y: XbVx Er ib.(BAYTN 109).
n.m. branch
(4- XfTO'S; Sy ^ rc'^ai k'^o k'&A-.k'
KtxLjpc' large branch of a tree BBah 130:18, Ma
xnxiVx offshoots, branches MD 19, pi. of XlVx,
MH nin'Vx MPar 3:9) pi. p 3'n'i nwsa mn
XJlllVx xmiVx he used to break off and give us
branches Bes 33b(22); p'pm xnxiV'X vh n'Xl
mu3 n'V p'nai nixss '" rrnx -rc?x n'nx in^y
n"31 they have groups of branches on which is
engraved TliX3S '" .THX IVX n^H [cf. Ex 3:18],
and we would strike it [i.e. the wave] within it,
and it would subside BB 73a(19) [F2: xmr7X3]
Lit: Eps, GC 10429; D. Boyarin, Moreshet Vol 39+; Y: Xfll^X
BAYTN 181.
Nia'N, pi. Knnia'N, 'B'N n.f. mother, stone of a
fruit (I xb'xt xax, xa'XT xnx, xa'x m; ta xa'x
TOv Gen 3:20, Sy i^-i3r<', pi. K'&dLwrc',
nc-oi-^arc' LS 23, Ma 1#XS5/ MD 352) w. suf:
lsg. D'X ^Z 28b(13); 2m. -ja'X Yev 106a(35);
t • : t •
117
na'N
-pa'X ib. 63b(3); 3m. H'B'X Ber 31b(47); f. na'X
55 80a(9); 2pl.m. llS'a'X Bo 9:6; f. p'a'X ».
19:10; 3m. pn^'X i& 3:3; 'H'ax //P 40:8;- 1.
mother: a. humans: 1) general: sg. D'X 'V max
my mother used to say to me Ber 39b(3); Sab
133b(37); Yom 78b(34); MQ 18b(51); Ket
39b(ll); Men 68b(22); X'33 X<p){nn H'»'X X'TIX
n'ap his mother came and was crying before him
Ber 31b(47); Sab 134a(31) [4- XJl"1^]; XriDI1?
Xa'XT the curse of a mother Bo 59:1; pi. 'M'K
'pil'T the mothers of the children Qid 82a(9; M);
2) w. PN's: sg. xsVa ni3i»T n'a'x t'a-nms'x pn,
the mother of King, PN2 BB 8a(55); i& 91a(29);
xan n3 'ax-n n'a'x T&r 94b(i7); xnou am n'a'x
,T31D m BB 151a(18); Ber 40a(41); 5aA
134a(22); BQ 88a(53); XTO'l^T ia'X HDiy Orpah,
your mother, the evil one San 95a(52); RH
33b(25); ]13'a'X mn^S Bo 9:7; 3) in provs.: sg.
XJT13 H31J? -p na'X '13iy3 as the acts of her
mother, so are the acts of the daughter Ket
63a(18); H'a'X n'"l3p'n may his mother bury him
[i.e. he will die prematurely] Tan 31a(13) // BB
121b(13); b. animals: sg. nna mm H'a'X H'TirV'T
its mother gave birth to it and then died Hul
38b(4); H'a'X 3IX H'b 'in Xnp'ya the firstborn
was originally fit because of its mother Bes
26b(37); Hag 15b(49) [4- 'pi]; BB 9b(l) [i ^VW
pa.]; ib. 80a(6) [I V2#I13X itpa.]; H'a'X 1J13 V'l
follow its mother Bek 6a(51); HP 207:1; Anan
63:21; 2. pit or stone of fruit: pi. xnX"aiX3
'H"a'X 31X ]"Tm V'XIH since the Aramean (dates)
are usable because of their (edible) pits Sab
29a(30) [cf. Ar (AC 1:291, s.v. 2D1X)] // ib.
143a(27)
Voc: XO'X HPP 308:17; Y: KB'X MQ 9b(33; BAYTN 133).
- Na'KT KS'N n.f. maternal grandmother sg.
•nrra H'a'Xi 'a'x *pm H'a'XT hisx 'x if his
maternal grandfather is from Joseph, his maternal
grandmother is from Jethro Sot 43a(15; V2); Bek
17a(22)
- 'Iian Na'X n.f. paternal grandmother (lit.
great mother) sg. T13T HBX Yev 21b(24)
Expi. Ar: rax nx!? 103 rf? np 'nan xnx Tax dx1? ac 2:45.
NStt'X n.m. the vowel qames (lit. closing [of the
mouth]); 4- V?ax) sg. BMsY 54:15
Lit: Morag, Lesonenu 38 [1974] 60+.
l#Nn»'S n.m. lamb (4- xma'X; TA Xnax TO"
Ex 12:3, Sy K'i^K' LS 26, Ma xmaj? MD 352)
sg.abs. (niXOan'X"? ia'X a lamb to be slaughtered
Er 53b(14) [in the 'Galilean' dialect]; det. Xia'X
"X' lamb('s meat) is better Kar 28b(8) // 'X' Xnax
Pes 57a(43); XaiST Xia'X a lamb of a fast [i.e. an
emaciated one] Tern 29a(6); Ber 62a(28); Bek
35a(35); HP 43:30; pi. mm XB?'"I3 ]X10a T?
'IB'X the goats walk first and then the lambs Sab
77b(23); Ket 41b(22) // BQ 15b(22); 5an
110a(9); Zev 77a(12); '313T na'X large lambs
Hul 53a(8); xriX^'a 'T{{'}}1 IH'ia'XI their lambs
(had) fleece of fine wool San 97a(36)
Y: XIB'X Pes 57a(43; BAYTN 249).
2#K"ia'N n.m. bandage (etym. unkn.; cf.
4- xiay) sg. xaa'T im xia'x noxi <i)cn» in^ia
in "It5p1 in '"llff IH'X all of them untie and tie the
bandage(s) at the same time. (The Messiah)
unties one and ties one San 98a(49; Ar [AC
1:127])
Expl. Ar: p'TOB VyW D'TBpn AC ib.
3# Nntt'N n.m. saying (4- ViaX; Ma Xiaj? MD
353) sg. nya'ltfl Xia'X3 by saying and hearing Bo
124:13 [cf. Ma X»'2n X1DJ? MD ib.]
Lit.: Ch. Muller-Kessler, Aram 11/12(1999-2000) 306.
K3"I!3'K 4- XJ-ia'X '33
Knna'N n.f. ewe (1 i#xia'x; ta xrnax tov
Le'v'5:6)sg. //«/51a(34)
As a PN, v. &n 52b(5); Y: XrnWK Hul ib.(BAYTN 249).
Jia'N adv. when, anytime (< Akk immati CAD
M/l 410, AIOA 58; 4- "T (')na'X "73; TA 'flS'X
TOv Ex 8:5, Sy ,^sr<' LS 27, Ma Jixay MD
352) 1. when: a. alone: Pes 100b(10); Yom
12b(9); Suk 33b(9); BQ 67b(3); 5on 57a(28); b.
in an interrogative clause: 'XH 3"n'a Xp na'X
nDS isyab X131 when does this man (who is
outside Jerusalem) become obligated to perform
the Paschal sacrifice? Pes 93b(27); Ket 45b(16);
mi XpT na'X D'Xpi when did it take place that
he vowed? Er 43b (20); Xn'TO TIN na'X when
will the Messiah come? San 98a(48); RH
21a(27); X13'n linV 'am X"7 na'X when did they
not give them straw? Anan 80:17; ib. 23:17; "mi

t : ■■
118
VI3'N
ria'x n^'V mxn j?t mn '» did David know
(exactly) when it was midnight? Ber 3b(36); Pes
70b(2); jA. 98a(ll); c. w. preced. prep.: ria'X 1J?
"XH 'bis V'T'Jl lyDXJ until when should we
continue to afflict ourselves so much? Tan
25a(8); BQ 52a(24); BM 106b(9); V'jra Xp Il»nrt>
when is he improperly using sacred property? RH
28a(27); Yom 6a(23); Ned 48b(ll); *7'3X na'XB
'TD from when does he consume the usufruct?
BM 35b(7); Ket 43b(30); &« 58b(27); ^Z 8b(6);
2. anytime: X'V'1?! nn»P IX IIB'Xl nnW DIP1?
(does he refer) to rejoicing anytime or rejoicing
at night? Pes 71a(17); H»'X1 nX13D XH is this
wheat of anytime? [i.e. at any stage of its growth]
RH 16a(5)
Voc: J1B;X HPP 236:17; Y: fflS'X San 47b(15; He); JIB'X Ber
57a(17).
Kri»'K n.f. fear, awe (TA xria'X TO Ex 15:16,
JPA nB'X DJPA 50) sg. a. general: 'am jnps
XI1B'X3 mmiXB isya8? the Merciful One
commanded us to perform His commandments in
fear Anan 12:14; ib. 17; 23:12; XI1»'X3 3'H' he
sat in an awe Sab 30b(37); '^IDX "|ria'X xVsJl
xa"?5? fear of you will fall upon everyone Ber
56a(31; MGG 704:5); n'11'3 'WXX Wlfi'X XBTD1?
to inculcate fear in his wife Sab 105b(42); b. w.
nom. modifier: X'BEH XIIB'X fear of God Sab
156b(34); XIllDVai XJia'X fear of the government
AZ 65a(14); .T3TJ XJia'X fear of his master BQ
28a(20); Ket 28a(41); TGDr49 95:15
Y: xriS'K Sab ib.(BAYTN 34).
]'N interj. yes (Sy ^ LS 15, Ma 2# |'J? MD 348)
1'X V'X he said to him: "Yes" Ber 49b (19); Sab
54a(ll); Qid 13a(33); Svu 47a(28); n»X1 Xini
1'X ]'X it is when they say: "Yes, yes" Meg
32a(28); Qid 31b(5); mn pn J'X yes. So it was
RH 17a(51); '33 '3il 1'X yes. It is indeed so [lit.
yes, so also] Sab 82b(16); Yev 86a(43); Qid
32b(54); Mak 18b(6); pn D,l 1'X Georc 239:2
[4- On usage b]; X1? "pn fX ':n are these (which
are stated in the Pentateuch) yes [i.e. essential]
and those no? Hag llb(4); Sab 127a(52); Er
28a(15); X1? '"in J'X in one yes, two no Yom
26b(27); ,TT3 X'STI X1?! ]'X yes and no, and he
was undecided concerning it Sab 113a(25); ib.
116a(44); BM 14b(12); Qid 65a(30)
Lit: Satzlehre 153; Y: |'X Ber 61(48).
- 'J'N interj. is it not (so)? (< X'n J'X) 'axm TX
min' 3T is it not (so)? Did not PN, in fact, say ...
Sab 139a(56); Pes 49a(37); Bes 25b(39); Git
59b(34);55 116a(17)
NSJ'N, N33X n.m. louse's egg, nit (sec. form
< 4- X33; 4- XDT) sg. D'Xpi [X'n =] ''n 'X3J'X 'Xna
'!U'31 '3p'J?3 from the live louse's egg that is
located at the root of the hair Naz 39a(15); ib. 18;
19; X3J'X3 'HWJl he looks like [i.e. as small as] a
nit Tan 22a(50; LAr [AC 1:136])
Geon. expl.: Htm ]WU» X33X Jl» B81 Xim D'y^lll J'83 TITp
xswn jus man irtpya x^>x nana pis] irxi cph>j> om nana
pip 'jiy nw^ai ... 'Wip3 x^x inn p nmx i'b'jw rw
IXinp ny'jlJlV, i.e. o'jj? OHP Pes 141:7; Lit: Geig, AAC 35;
Y: X3J'X Naz ib.(BAYTN 109).
[■UJ'N I nrx n.]
[JHJ'N* n.m. a small amount (< Mir *anday
[cf. MP andak little, few CPD 9]) sg. Git 58a(20)
[text: -nrx]
Lit: TMW 1:104, 567; Geig, AAC 35, s.v. WX, cautiously
deals w. this suggestion].
irtf'N pron.m. they (< 4- JU'X; 4- VU'J) a. in nom.
phrases: 1) as subj.: 1T11? WS they can be
(agents) for us BM 71b(37); nifrn '3 WX they
are three San 93a(44); ]J>8 '©'BJ I.IJ'X they [i.e.
the demons] are more numerous than we Ber
6a(6); ib. 8a(51); n\Pa 'BP»p lrU'X XH they are,
in fact, older than he Bes 27a(22); Meg 3a(40);
&j« 94a(l); RH 17a(27); VT> IPX x"?p TTU'X they
are publicly known Git 18a(6); San 75b(13); 'Vn
inrx 'mVj wn '31 'SU'XB perhaps they are from
the members of the exilarch's household Git
31b(46); 2) as pred.: VU'X IX1? 0'"?'X1 D'lS 'B^'ll
irD'X D'E>33 perhaps the oxen and the rams
(mentioned in Lev 28:18 and Num 28:27) are not
the same, (but) the lambs are the same Men
45b(28); 3) as copula: IrU'J WJ'X 'W these are the
very same ones Bes 10b(13); xrf?n m'X lin
'TI1J7 there were three rich men Git 56a(21); D'U
inj'X "WJ7 '33 pagans are authorized to compel
(a divorce) ib. 88b(10); Pes 27b(14); b. in verbal
*3V*
119
#»a»K
phrases: 1) conjugated vbs.: "I1U1 lni'X WX they
came and decreed Sab 14b(27); Er 68a(9); Pes
94a(26); Suk 43a(8); AZ 2b(41); Wi WX
13'WX1 they were the very ones [i.e. coins]
which were stolen HP 83:20; InMl OTX V?p2r:
liTWHa let them take (the ashes) and put (them)
on their heads Tan 15b(45); 2) fol. inf.: ,3rnXI7
"irU'X so that they should be liable for punishment
Yev 34a(24); H'TT X71X3a IHJ'X 'ai^B?1? that they
should (also) pay his share San 30a(27)
Lit: Eps, Gr 21; Voc: TO'X HGP 38b: 11; Y: W?>t Meg 3a(40;
BAYTN 341).
'Ha'K pron.f. they (< 1 p'X; 4- VU'J) XpT 'X
'nrx ]3D5?a if they hinder Ae/ 2b(8); Yev
110b(39)
Y: WX Tev 34a(25; BAYTN 341).
IWN pron.m. they (archaic and dialectal;
4- inrX; BA T13K HALOT 1817, Sy .jj-irc' Nold,
SG § 63 [enclitic], Ma Jim Nold, MG § 75) a. in
BT: 1) in non-verbal phrases: a) as subj.: |3X
'pITT 113'Xl 'WlSp we are old people, and they are
young ones Bek 8b(22); 'Mil firXT '11T nxa V31X
nxa four hundred zuzim which are eight hundred
[i.e. eight hundred is written in the ketubba] BM
104b(13); Bek 50a(7); fU'X W'J'K n3T '.TIDM
n'3 ]'3iy a man's property is a surety for him BB
174a(23) // Bek 48b(26); b) as pred.: ]U'X ]Xai
ll'VtSSXI WIS® who are they? PN and PN2 Gi'.r
57b(20); BB 75a(24); Meg 18a(40); c) as copula:
■prX X3H 13JP13 '33 D'J?tt?11 T^Dt? T» are fools
and the wicked capable of rendering judgment?
Ket 105a(44); Naz 47b(23); Pes 75b(13); Hul
63a(52); 2) in verbal phrases: Xnan3 ]'3I1' ]1iXT
rrmnx they sit like wine on its lees Meg
12b (29); JTIDT 'lax yU'XI 1'TIXT nax ](1)3'X they
say that he lent, and the others say that he repaid
Svu 41b(41); Hul 47a(4); Mei 17b(40); b. in
post-Talmudic texts: 1) in non-verbal phrases: a)
as subj.: prx T^'D3 they are annulled SSHai
16a(3); ]U'X 3?31X by "11X0 '33 IxVl they are
incapable of walking on all fours Anan 66:19; IX1?
pj'X X3'a in they are not of one type ib. 57:1; b)
as copula: fU'X 'Ta 1XV msa the commandments
are nothing Anan 13:16; AnanSch 21:7; I'Vxi
'X!t{'}3-irn XI1X13T ]irx these are the teachers of
the students TGHark 107:20; ib. 48:7; 84:30;
166:19; 2) in verbal phrases: IJDp n«30 n»31
'M linHI13T ]33"11 jll'X Xnai3 they and also the
scholars after them established many logical
deductions in the Talmud iSGF 71:7; pil" ]irx
n'llDlpD'XI ri'ITlH fnon let them come and
guard his residence and doorstep Bo 56:11; )13'X
HXin ]'Vna they can circumcise each other Anan
79:2; 'HXTn T^Dp ]U'X1 they kill each other HM
44:22; ib. 46:18
Lit: Eps, Gr 21; Y: 1«'X BAYTN 341.
f'3'N pron. f. they (archaic and dialectal; 4- 'Hl'X;
BA 1'3X HALOT 1817, Sy ^rj' Nold, SG §63
[enclitic], Ma ]'J'n Nold, MG § 75) a. as subj.:
n'3 13"iy px mn -\11 'mVll a person's feet are
his surety Suk 53a(17) // Bek 48a(19); Hul 47a(4;
HP 199:9); ]Tt3B p'X they are exempt HP 13:15;
ib. 8:6; b. as copula: ]TX XIl'j'B Xin mim 1111X81
commandments and the Torah are one [i.e. the
same] thing Anan 14:8; ib. 6:20; 15:6; 99:14;
TGHark 36:14; ife 38:24
B"3'N, B"3N n.m.abs. someone, person
(4- XtfrX; Ma ©'3J? MD 353, Sy *Jk' LS 31,
mng. 2, TA »58 TO Dt ll:6[GTO 51]; cf. OfA
»'X [v. AIOA 78243]) a. alone: BWX nxp'ti nin '3
3'3C Kin XMT Xin when a person became sick for
the first time [lit. once] he would die San
107b(36); X1?! XirraB n'2?B3 12?'3'X p'Voa '3
Xn'DW when a person removes himself from
something which is not common Ket 83b(ll); XV
Xp'BO1? n'^S3 WTX Il'na a person does not put
himself in a doubtful position Qid 64b(31); Sab
8b(22); Suk 46b(33); Aferf 21a(16); 5g 27b(31);
BB 31a(19); i/or 12a(41); Hul 8b(36); XV 8T3X
^ 'tsa no one can reach you Bo 125:9; 16. 3; 5;
xnmx T»n »'J'X a man who has learnt the
Torah Anan 13:12; B'J'X D1» anyone HP 54:1;
fCtf/a/* 99:36; b. w. det. adj. [cf. Sy *JS'
rt'T;-!, Ma Xl^'3 W3J? Nold, MG 317] or
demonstrative pron.: X'"75?B 2?'3'X an exemplary
person Ber 10a(51); mn XXU VTH X3in 3T PN
was a short person Meg 27b(45); XM'TO »TX a
reliable person G(7 52b(31); XS'pD B?'3'X a
powerful person 5M 64a(2); X30 VWK an old
man Saw 95b(55); Xa^X »'3'X a violent person

tf'J'K 8?'3»K
120
BM 39b(33); XII X37T3 P'3'X 'XI this man is a
robber 5g 96b(28); IffTK NUT ... W'3'X "X,1
this/that man TGHark 203:22; //P 79:18; c. fol.
by an adjectival clause: XB7yi W3'X a common
person Pes 52a(10); fl# 22b(18); Yev 121a(34)
[* ]331B X311X]; BM 19a(7); TBX1 W'3'X a person
who is wealthy BQ 62a(35); 2?'3'X ... y'3X1 W'3'X
y'3X X71 a modest/immodest person Svu 46b(8);
pi. '»7J?T 'B>3'X Qid 80b(45) [* 0'B3n 'TB7;i]
Lit: Nold, MG 151'; Satzlehre 49; Voc: BWX HPP 201:19; Y:
B'3'K BAYTN 252.
- tf'3'N tf'J'N n.m. each person (Ma 27'3y Wty
MD 354, Sy xiV x-i*' LS 31, Nold, SG §146)
sg. rmjnV W'3'X W'3'X each person according to
his opinion Ber 45b(46); BM 74a(4); 1tf'3'X tt?'3'X
7'TX I'lXBn 1713 each person follows his donkey
[i.e. if the donkey belongs to a pagan, the donkey
driver is also assumed to be a pagan] ib. 32b(44);
rrn'D'WD ET3'X B?'3'X each person according to
his importance BB 145b(14); 73 '1'311 Jlixai
1'7 T3V n'11,17 W'3'X P'3'X each person performs
most commandments by himself Anan 21:1; yi'B
W'3'X W'3'X1 XXID'1 y'T it is clearly known that
the bread belongs to each (particular) person BM
23a(ll); ib. 21b(52; V»)
^3'N 4- -|3,1 pron.
Y: T|3'X G// 18b(10; BAYTN 342).
NBPJ'N, XE>X3'N n.m. man, pi. people, parents
(4- tf'3'X, -tiJ'N 13; TA 2/3X TO Lev 13:2, Sy
rdiJK' LS 31, Ma XPX3X MD 24) 1. man: sg.
'tt?3'X3 ,T7 '»TX 11'7X XflX Elijah came to him in
the guise of a man Ned 50a(9); pi. 1"11'1 iy
'W3'X7 until they become engaged/married [lit.
will be to men; v. Eps, MNM 183] Ket 53b(12);
pi. OTi ii'iin1? '1331 xran ,T7 xi'sy mn
in'1W7 he made a place (of incarceration)
separately for men and separately for women Tan
21b(36); '2N'1 nan XT1B17 the curses of men and
women 5e> 67:4; ib. 71:6!; 2. pi. people: "|3,1
'B?X3'X those people A/g 27b (27); '3'inx '2>X3'X
other people Sa/j 5b(9); 17y» X71 'P3'X
disreputable people BM 73b(30); 'W3'X X3'X
XJiyw "]H3 'B'pl there are people who wake up at
that hour Ber 8b(45); ib. 36a(29); 'W3'X 'T3y
xy3'X3 'K;13'I31 people are likely to get divorced
discretely Ket 23a(23); ipiy'31 'tttt'X 1,13'?n'3 X71
1,T3'B so that people should not see them and flee
from them BQ 79b(16); '7"y X71 X31'y3 7Xy
'W3'X he entered at a time that people do not enter
BM 93b(18); Git 66a(46); 5A/ 17a(41); San
97a(40); AZ 26a(5); //m/ 60a(19); 'WX3'X l'y3B'D
nnan in 'B1T1X7B people will abstain from
lending money to each other TGHark 109:16; ib.
196:21; 'W3'X '113X1 13"1 this is what people say
Ber 43b(18) [followed by proverbial saying; v.
the alphabetical list in AC 1:160+]; 'PX3'X1 Xlp'
the honor of people San 16b(l 1) // Ber 4a(7; P);
'P3'X1 X311 most people Bek 45a(38); 3.
someone: sg. 1'133 n'7 D'p V1K 737 ri'7B
everyone is certain concerning a garment (w. ref.
to its value) BM 52b(18); 2/3'X 7Dp»7 ri'y3 DX if
you want to kill someone HM 42:5; J1'y3 DX
X2/3X 'yi1BX7 if you want to make someone sick
ib. 43:13; 38:14; 4. pi. parents [4- XW3 '3; cf. Sy
^mtik' yovecov Lk 21:18 [Cur]; v. PSm
283]: '33 X137 '»3'X lip 'B do parents call a
(single) son 'sons'? 55 143b(16); '13y VTK/3'X
117 their parents do it for them [i.e. put on their
children's shoes] Yom 78b(26); 5. residents,
citizens: 1,1713 XriBI 'W3'X all of the residents of
the town San 97a(42)
Y: 'OT'X Ber 2b(3; BAYTN 252).
— Nfl'3 'tP3'N n.m.pl. members of the house-
T " " T ' r
hold, wife (mng. 1: JPA ,iri"3 'B?3X DJPA 67;
mng. 2: 4- 'XJ13 '33, XJV31, XfifTX) 1. members
of the household: H'TYO 'K/3'X 73 .Stf/fai 8a(18);
]l,in'3 'K?3'X 73 5o 7:15; i& 4:2; 33:15; 39:4;
81:5; 2. wife: 'Xri'3 'W3'X3 "]7»'X1 7'PX I shall go
and consult with my wife Ber 27b(50; F); X71'
'X71'3 'E?3'X p32?B7 '7 IWS'X it is impossible for
me divorce my wife Yev 115a(42); '73pB Xp X7
'XJV3 'E?3'X 'X7y my wife is unacceptable to me
Tan 23b(49); l'ri'3 'W3'XX XJIB'X X»1'»7 to
inculcate fear in his wife Sab 105b(42); X»1
■Tn'3 'B73X1 XSP157 XnV'Sn he attached tekhelet-
dyed fringes to his wife's apron Suk lla(38) //
Men 43a(29); Sot 2b(41); ib. 47b(43); Ket
63a(22); Ned 50b(28); 55 98a(18); AZ 39a(41);
A/W 12b(2); ib. 67b(48)
KninS'N, abs. Wi'N n.f. matrimony [lit.
NTin3'N
121
No-pi NaaittS'K
wifehood; 4- X^n'X; EA1J13X DNWSI 86, TA WX
TO Gen 12:19, JPA irTX, IrU'X DJPA 56) sg. a.
general: XTTOWX OWD n'U X'n,17 n'bstJX (PN's
slave) ritually immersed a certain pagan woman
to marry her [lit. for matrimony] Yev 45b(33);
xninrx die/? xnain xinn n'pis a certain
Palmyrene redeemed (a maidservant) to marry
her [lit. for the sake of matrimony] Git 38a(37);
b. sg.abs. in archaic usage in writs: 1J"U'X7 '7 'Xll
be my wife [lit. be to me in wifehood] SSHai
2a(6); ib. 13a(21); SSSad 232:19
Lit: Friedman, JMP 1:155+; Y: WJ'K BAYTN 202.
Nnru'N 4- xjiti'x n.
NIO'N n.m. pillow (I X'lD '3; TA 'HIIDX TOv
Gen 28:11, Sy tK'-uvr? LS 32, Ma XlXOy MD
354) sg. pO'X 7y 'Xpi X1D1I Xian a small donkey
which was standing on our pillow Ber 56a(39;
SM 141:23, Ed)
Y: n?'!< Ber ib.(BAYTN 137).
NIWN n.m. prohibition, prohibited object,
spell (< MH 110'X Yeivin, BV 956; I VlDX; JPA
HD'X DJPA 51; TA 11DX TJ Ezek 3:25, Ma XTlOy
MD 354) 1. prohibition, prohibited act: a.
general: sg. XIID'X X3'X1 X1,1 13311 XIID'X
X3'7 Xri'llXI there is a Rabbinic prohibition.
There is no Pentateuchal prohibition Sab
46b(29); X31 XIID'X ... X7'7p XIID'X a
minor/major prohibition Er 32b(9); ''110'X Tan
its prohibition is stringent Naz 37b (29); Xpl 'in
XX133D1 XIID'X n'lltf see that you are permitting a
prohibited and (mortally) dangerous act Yev
64b(35); Hul 9b(2); Xiam"? XIID'X pSO a
doubtful case of a prohibition (is judged) in a
restrictive fashion Hul 9b(3); XHD'XI Xian
prohibited wine AZ 73a(9); pi. '110'X 'in two
prohibitions Yev 8a(24); Hor 7b(7); Zev 74a(35);
'11D'X3 313 '3771 the law is according to PN in
matters of prohibition Nid 24b(18); b. esp. in
matters of prohibited sexual behavior: sg. X7 'XBX
X11D'X3 XTiri'X -|,1 Xy'3S why are you not modest
in the prohibition (against promiscuous sexual
behavior)? BB 58a(25); XIID'XI XByB D'yDI 7113
an adult (pagan) who has experienced sexual
promiscuity [lit. tasted the forbidden taste] Ket
lla(12); XIID'X 13 13yn'X X7 'X if a prohibited
act was not done to her AZ 18a(50); ib. 10b(4);
Git 38a(49); Tan 22a(16); Ned 91b(12); BB
58a(25); c. w. var. vbs.: 1) V3,13 pe.: 31,131 X3M1
3113 XIID'X where they followed the practice of
prohibition it was followed AZ 14b(42); 2) Vl3y
pe.: XIID'X 13y X7 he did not perform a
prohibited act Hul 82a(25); XIID'X X13y X71 M'X
she who did not perform a prohibited act Ket
54a(3); 3) V«]pri pe.: W'XI XIID'X 1'pm '3',1 '3
VJVDVlp 3D3B7 just as the prohibition for a man
to marry his female relatives is serious Anan
97:19; 2. prohibited object: sg. XTri'l p'3E> X7
XIID'X 7'3X1 (a person) does not abandon a
permitted thing and eat a prohibited one Git
37b(25) // Hul 4b(4); ,T3'y3 X110'X7 XD'XI X3',1
where the prohibited object was in its natural
state Bes 4b(20); XIID'X '7 DSD you have
prepared a prohibited (food) for me Hul 96a(23);
3. spell, binding: sg. XK?'3 X110'X3 ]137 X310X
XTiai I bind you with an evil and cruel spell Bo
4:4; ib. 50:5; 52:17; 63:1; 81:2; H'110'X ]'B W3'X
p'D3 X7 no one goes out of its spell ib. 21:14;
X3133 [TIO'X 7y -] 11D'X7X for the binding of DN
ib. 13:4; 20:4; 62:2; 111:4; pi. '110'X ib. 37:6
Lit.: Ch. Muller-Kessler, AltOr 28 [2001] 35056; Voc: HTM
HPP 209:19; Y: KIW'X Git 2b(10; BAYTN 255).
NrniO'N, pi. KJVniO'K n.f. bundle (4- VlDX;
Ma Xlioy bond MD 354) sg. XTWBI xri'UD'X a
bundle of (reeds of) GN BB 7a(17) [Var:
'3p'1 xn'HO'X TGAs42 157:8]; pi. xri'UD'X
X71im bundles of mustard (stalks) Bes 12b(41);
ib. 13a(9); 30b(7); X1101 xriX'IIDX '31 Suk
13b(2)
Voc: KflXniD'X VTM 41; Y: XTPHW'K Suk ib.(BAYTN 290).
NSaiBO'N, NSMIBS'N n.m. a tight opening
between internal organs (< at6p.axo<; Lehnw
78; Sy <<LAjMou\rso<<' LS 33) in fol. phrases:
— N0"D"I KSDiUS'K n.m. opening of the rumen
(4- XD13; cf. Sy r£li»-U» >cu£> PSmSup 259) sg.
XD131 X3B1DSX Hul 50b(8; H2) [expl. MH 0131
TTa'3S1 Mib. 3:1; Var: X0131 XSaiJID'X V11]
Lit: TuM 188. Cf. Sy: rdSLSaa-o ,-^3 Klioaco ■>■»» nljco
,eo rfby 1 *7n \ rc^ » liLa 3 *>_i. \i_aAiK* rt'iiftjjso 3-1
^ao-3 rdjm co-^ - " • ^-.-» ■•A. , s, ^^ acnA *** " **<" \ *"*'
r^^sn-^. r^-lvi-O >CDCirc''La ^-f^ aaA_A_l •** ^ ^ ore' r^ooi-A

N3'VT NSOiUXN 122 1#N*ID'N
r ■ : t : :'
i^jftuiii ocn cn_^9A_fii ~ «~ \« v \ this member [i.e. the
'stomach'] was divided by the ancients into three parts with
three natures. The first part which begins from the palate and
descends to it they called the 'stomach' (rda_iae\_\7_D0rc'), (and)
that portion which is attached to it they called the 'belly' (-jao-S
KlfDT_fi) or 'stomach' (nl^aA). They called the entire portion
until the end of its lower mouth [i.e. anus] the 'belly' (rdaoT-a)
Budge, SBM 267:2+.
- Nl'Vl NSKrittSN n.m. opening of the
stomach (4- X3'1? mng. 2) sg. AZ 29a(12) [expl.
MH 'bp'llX 'hook' ib.]
Expl. RaH: myn'jX 'my Jierta XiMlDOX, i.e. S3»ill. Perh. the
expl. refers to the resemblance of this part of the body to a
hook.
Nl'tJipp'N n.m. high community official
(< o-TpctTiyyoc; Lehnw 83; Pal X'^p1? JB1B0X high
official of the colony PAT 341, DNWSI 87, Sy
rc'^JL.xi-aa rd\. \j\ \ mrf SRR 6:15) pi. XU1
'J'b-ibo'xxi '"7i3xx xs-ja '3i nun xV'Vs 'ai a
certain payment of the coronation tax which the
royal officials imposed upon the members of the
city council and the strategoi BB 143a(39; P1)
[Var: 'rBTIBXX TGAs42 148:25]; XJ"?S 'Vl3X
XlVs 'J'BIBO'Xl half upon the members of the
city council and half upon the strategoi ib.; 40;
43
Geon. expl.: "fim "]Tt Vy pinnn lV'X TGAs42 ib.; Lit: Alon,
Jews 458+. On the semantic shift in Gr from commander > high
official, v. GELNT 947.
NDSISO'K I XJlBlpD'X n.
n.f. salve (< aTtA/nviov, Lat splenium
Lehnw 90; Sy r^ \ \, \ °> mrf LS 36) sg.
'3'3 VlVlSI (X)JY>:i,?B0'X a salve for all wounds
Sab 133b(37)
Lit: Eps, PLA 211; Y: XJVJ-JBOX Sab ib.(BAYTN 312).
NJ?Bp'N n.m. goblet (metath. < aicu(po<; Lehnw
92; Sy k" K n mrc* LS 37) sg. XBD31 XpBD'X a
silver goblet Git 14a(51; V18)
Y: KjJBD'X Git ib.(BAYTN 246).
KjJtt'lSp'N n.m. aromatic herb (< Mir
*isprahmaq [cf. MP sprahmag CPD 76]; i HXtf
DIBO'X; Sy rd-a^o-tajjor*-, rf n "vsi ^ mrf LS
37, Ma xpaXIDSxri MD 480) pi. X13DJ? XMHI
'©X 3T1 'paiSOXa n3TOX1 a certain mouse that
was found in the aromatic herbs of PN Bes
36b(19) // Sab 121b(ll); Men 43b(49)
Lit: Geig, WZKM 44 [1937] 201; id., AAC 48; Tel 23; Nyberg
178, s.v. spram; Pfl 152; ISK 102; Low, Flora 2:81; Eps, Stl
48; Y: 'j?S-|B0X Sab ib.(BAYTN 315).
'17J1pO'N n.m.pl. a game played with tokens
(etym. unkn.) a. the game: "mr la '3 pnn '3
'Jl'^B'X '"llJlpO'XS when you were in the school
of PN you played the '.-game Qid 21b(38); b. the
tokens thereof: 'TUlpOX n'1? 3m 'X if he gave
them (tokens of) the '.-game Ned 25a(7);
'TIT mtf in1? p'DXl mV 3,T 'TUipDX he gave him
(tokens of) the '.-game and called them zuzim
Svu 29a(35; F2)
RaH: I'tnyi enn naw yma nyuvn a o'praaB p>inw x"b
prm iVxb n'v'iv ix onwy uaa I'wiyi Vuy y^>o yiiD pix
yil IVflWOl OHR Qid 20:1; Lit: Geig, AAC 50, rejects all prev.
expls. and etyms.; cf. also Low, Lehnw 96; Y: nWpDX BAYTN
315.
NflBipO'N, NTIBISO'N n.f. threshold (< Akk
askuppatu slab, threshold CAD A/2 333, AIOA
37; Ma XJlBipoy, XTlBipo MD 335, Sy
rc'&_a<?_o_tt>r<' LS 35, > Arab ilLil Fr, AF 19) sg.
Xai *]0V 31 '31 XmspO'X X0WB the threshold of
PN's house became soiled with blood Yom
53a(49); n'fl'31 XriBipox the threshold of his
house HM 42:11; Bo 58:3; nriBipD'X X1,1 ib.
10:11; 23:1; 24:2; 33:7; 56:7; 64:5; 75:1; 93:1;
finriS'DO'X by pill (the demons) tread on their
thresholds ib. 6:4; 112:9; 125:5
Y: XriBlj?0X Yom ib.
N'npO'N n.f. sailyard (< ia<TO>Kepaia Sperber,
Nautica 132; i XDXip; Sy kLit-djck' mast LS
37, Ma X'Tpo mast MD 336) sg. BB 73a(7; P1)
[expl. MH 11W Mib. 5:1]; ,TWBJ X^Tl XD^'X Dp
xay3Di x'-ipo'xa xaV'sa... xtu'boi xnpcxs pn
got up (and) suspended himself from the sailyard
of the boat (and said:) ... "I shall jump off from
the sailyard and drown" Ket 69b(36) // Tan
21a(23; V17); 'BB X11X xVpW X'lpO'X KTB8H p'3
since (its) sailyard is better, (the boat) gets a
greater hiring fee BM 69b(38; Es)
Y: Xpj?0X Ket ib.(BAYTN 301).
1#K"10'K n.m. genius, angel (etym. uncertain)
sg. "?'33 xrvnyi xno'x maw Tp: 'titot x-icx
maitf the name of the angel of sustenance is Tp3;
the name of the angel of poverty is ^'33 Pes
lllb(41); xa'1 XID'X the genius of the sea Hul
2# NIO'N
T T
123
t t :
4ib(3); insax m1? 3'xrxi xnxi piV nncx n'paw
the genius left Dagon and it went and sat down
on the threshold AZ 41b(12); X31 XID'X ]11BB'a
n'01131 Metatron, the great angel of His throne
Bo 56:11; ib. 61:13; 99:2; WIST XID'X "?X'311
DN, the genius of the Persians Yom 77a(25; M)
[L: 'XD1B1 X1B?]; XD'TIXI XID'X ... 'X1D31 XIO'X
the angel of the Chaldeans/the Torah ib. 57:3;
X3B mO'X a good angel ib. 47:10
Lit: Geig, AAC 51, rejects all prev. expl.; on this word in the
Y tradition, v. MGG 31:1, note; Y: NTO'KPas ib.(BAYTN 137).
2#K'ip,K n.m. punishment, charm (lit.
binding; I V-I0X; TA 10'X TO Num 30:3, Sy K'-Lirj'
punishment LS 37, mng. 5, Ma 1# X1X0X MD 28;
mng. 2: PSmSup 29, SIB 17:1, Ma 1#X1XDX MD
28) 1. punishment: sg. p1?* mm XID'X inV iTO
D'V they had a punishment that they would
crucify him San 109b(35); 2. charm: sg. XIO'X
X13p1 the charm of the grave Bo 69:2; ib. 3:1;
38:7; 83:2; XP'3 XIO'X an evil charm ib. 4:3;
XJTU'DO'ai X-I0X a charm of poverty ib. 18:10;
35:9; pl.abs. pO'X P3P seventy charms ib.
57:6; cs. xaty '10'X eternal charms ib. 37:3; det.
"tfp '10'X strong charms ib. 119:17
3#K10'N n.m. issar, a Roman copper coin
(< daadpiov [= Lat as] Lehnw 37; Pal 10X PAT
341, DNWSI 92, Sy rc'i^K' LS 38) sg.abs. mi
10'X n'Via m3B3 1B3 'n'B3 pr»U there were
.many bloated from hunger in GN for the want of
an issar Tan 19b(7) II BB 91b(14); pi. Tlp"X1 Xn
'10'X VlTI X.1 '10'X this (case dealt) where the
issars went up in value, that one where the issars
went down in value Qid 12a(29)
Y: XTO'X BAYTN 140.
KTTJIO'N n.m. parral (i.e. collar of the mast;
< *to"to8eipr| Sperber, Nautica 131, 41) sg. XIBp
XT1TO'X3 'IBpl the knot which one ties through
the parral Sab 112a(2; O.Ar [AC 1:204]) [Var:
XTinO'X TRN 630:12]; ib. 26; 28
Nniinp'K n.m. a portion of the lower leg (LJLA
XTIVlbx Weiss 94 [Tg2Jb], Ma XIXlDOy, XlXiriO
leg, foot MD 355, 338) sg. XJHX iy XlimO'X 'X.1
J1T13 the '.-portion (of the leg) reaches the ground
Ara 19b(27) // XllilO'X Yev 103a(29); 'T3yi Xn
XinjlO'X3 (the mezuza) is placed like the '.-
portion of the leg [i.e. bent] Men 33a(17) [#
I l#xnD'0mng. la]
Geon. expl.: n'TO ]Mi 'OXTI D1X1 xyT31 XpW '3 XnXWO'X '3
'jbis n'xrn 3J °?y ix qipi o'jiys niiim nxisi \rn TpT ,1:1:1 t>3
meo TGAs28 68:16 = GC 36:9 [i ]M]; Lit: Geig, AAC 52,
discusses the P etym. offered by Fl, TMW 1:134: NP ustuvar,
MP ostowar firm, stable, but rejects it. Shaked, Study 176,
suggests a deriv. < MP *ast-bara- 'the bones' carrier' and
compares MP and NP astuxwan 'bone.* The translation given
here follows both the Geon. expl. and the Ma mng., but ace. to
Katz 264, the term refers to the ankle bone; Sperber, Culture
70+: os calcis [opinion of Rav Papa]; talus [opinion of Rav
Ashi]; Y: XTKB'X Ara 19b(27; BAYTN 306).
NTriO'N n.f. stater (a coin; < MP ster CPD 77
< axatfip Lehnw 98; Sy rC*i_.A:t_a>r<' f. four
zuzim, seqel LS 38) sg. '?& HXa XTDDX a stater
(equals) one hundred me'as BM 102b(13) // BB
105b(3); XT/10'X Xtltl X^B1? llpl '2/PX 'T3jn
people are apt to call half a zuz a stater Qid
iib(26); xnn xa-?D xino'x nasi how much is a
stater? Half a zuz Ket 64a(30); ib. [expl. MH
•pjppS-lB Mib. 5:7]; X'lp BP3 «T3 xnVa XTDD'X
a stater in an (empty) bottle makes the sound 'kis
kis" BM 85b(9) [i.e. a scholar among fools is
noticeable]; Suk 22b(28); Ket 105a(26); Hul
105a(35); pi. 'B'ffD 'IDO'X 'simple' staters Sab
119a(ll) // Hul 44b(7) [Rashi: provincial];
XnX'OUD 'TTOX Syrian staters Bek 49b(32;
MGN 28:1); Suk 22b(28); 'TDO'X ->T\-[T\ Vpna
XI'S fine gold of the weight of two staters Git
58a(13); XDXp'Jiy p'XI XJIXl'SI 'TriOX worn-
out staters [expl.:] which are old Ket 93b(26;
TGHark 51:11); BB 167a(2); Hul 105a(43); Mm
'Vxpna -jntt;}? IX'in 'TnO'X ©an these five staters
[= D'J/^O] are equivalent to twenty mitqals
TGHark 37:28
Lit: Geig, AAC 53; on its value, v. Zuckermandel 27; Voc:
XTlTf'X VTM 41; Y: "rr»X Git 14a(21; BAYTN 238).
NariO'N, NaNflO'N n.f. north wind (< Akk
istanu f. north, north wind CAD I/J 268, AIOA
60; Sy kLs^Ldok' LS 38, Ma XIXDOJ?, XlXriD m./f.
MD 338, MH2 jriCX IS Ket 23a[47]) sg. xai'
XITIO'XI a day of the north wind Sab 116b(42);
Er 65a(29) // X"lXri0X Meg 28b(27); XJTO'X
XJlB'in a fierce north wind Ber 59a(51)
On the f. gender in Akk, v. CAD ib. 269b; Y: XJJWX Ber
ib.(BAYTN 214).

t : :
N-lflO'N, pi. KmnO'K, nnO'N n.f. female
t;; ■ ' r TT.; .7 ••;:
spirit (< Akk istar(t)u goddess CAD I/J 271,
AIOA 60; Sy pM^k', pi. k'M^-ick' LS 38,
Ma i# xTnoy, pi. xnxTnoy MD 355) sg. x-ino'x
XlI'Vl the spirit PN Bo 78:15; pi. xnX-|J10'X ib.
21:6; 46:5; 78:14; xriX3p'3 XDX-inO'X '3»n eight
female spirits i& 21:9; 2:7; 29:11; 36:10; 115:3;
85:8; XJ13p'3 '"IXIOX "73 ifc 103a: 11
NSIB'N n.m. window (Sy rd_boo °> ^or^ window
LS 26) sg. p'"?o mm "3X1? mm xbpn xmn
Xll'Xi XD1D'X3 a certain date palm belonging to
PN which was growing through the skylight [lit.
window of the roof] Er 100a(14); XTTT "?33
XD"IS'X3 light came in through the window Qid
81a(35; Ar [AC l:217],V3[corr.])
RaH: wnp 'Va W? xim iran -Jim nans ohr Qid 51:2. The
etym. < £p.<fxop.a Fr, AF 141, is accepted by Brockelmann, LS,
ib., but rejected by Geig, AAC 55; Y: XSIB'X Er ib.(BAYTN
304).
NBB'N n.m. opposite, reverse (I V"|SX; Sy
rdA^m LS 180) 1. opposite, reverse: sg. X3B'X
'XD (if it is) the opposite, what (is the law)? Er
lla(l); Ket 4a(7); BB 145b(31); 1JU nt'Jl x"7
X3S'X do not follow a reversible (statement) [i.e.
one that can be interpreted in opposite manners]
Ket 48b(15) // Qid 46a(10) // Kar 17b(24); 2.
used adverbially, w. var. vbs. in an opposite or a
reverse manner: 1) VlDX pe., itpe.: mDX X3B'X
f? you stated (it) to us in an opposite manner Yom
78a(34); Meg 30b(15); Qid 53b(14); Hul
19a(23); BM 76b(l); 2) V'JIX af.: 1X1""? 'D3 lTU'X
'3B'X they should bring (the sacrifices) in a
reverse manner Hor 8a(50) // Yev 9a(47); 3) V'Jtt
itpe.: n'1? 'ya'D X3S'X he should (phrase the
statement) in the reverse order San 42a(40); Hor
2a(48); 4) Va03 pe.: nV 3'03 Xp X3S'X X3T1 Km the
Tanna, in fact, holds an opposite opinion Kwi
76b(31); 5) Vl3D itpe.: >l Xmx usage c; 6) Viay
pe.: p'D'p3 pnsy X3B'X we can do:hold (the
stated conditions) in an opposite manner Er
21a(19) [double rdg.]; 7) VyDti pe.: p'yDtf X3B'X
TP1? we have heard him (concerning this tradition)
in an opposite manner Er 79a(2); Ber 17b (25);
Yom 14b(8); Pes 55a(3); Ket 24a(17); BM
100b(17); San 21a(13); 8) V'lD pe., pa.: pXHl
"[371 X3S'X did we not learn (it) in an opposite
-IPB'K
t ;
manner? Git 69a(28); BM 93a(42); Ara 29a(21);
X'3J1 X3S'X XJV"I3 the barraita learns the opposite
[i.e. transposes the names] BQ 96b(41); Ket
51b(39); PDB'X '3riD XyTVUD 'D'l 3T PN from
GN transmits it in an opposite manner [i.e. he
reverses the tradents] RH 20a(40; GRH 10:17);
p'3flD X3S'X Tfrb '3"1 px we transmit the
tradition of the judges of the Diaspora in an
opposite manner BB 71a(l); Er 36b(16); Bek
5a(9)
Lit: Bacher 15; Voc: nSfl'K HPP 35:19; Voc: nSB'X VTM 98; Y:
X?B'X Er 3a(45; BAYTN 304).
N3"IB'N 4 xansn
ItfB'N adv. possible (JPA IM'X DJPA 53, MH
"l^D'X Yeivin, BV 982) 1. possible: a. w/o
negation: 1) alone: TOB'X "WBX1 X3'H where it is
possible, it is possible BQ 84a(12); "Xn 'Vl3
"IWDXI so much and (is it only) possible (that I
would be born in a better era?) Tan 25a(40); 2)
w. fol. verbal phrase: a) part.: ,!? "IS'DI "HPB'X
'Xm3 perhaps he can annul my vows for me Ket
63a(12); m'n inx"? X303'D Xpl "WB'X perhaps she
will be married to another today Git 84a(13);
XD'3 1,1*7 wmil'Di "WB'X perhaps a miracle will
take place for them Qid 29b(37); Pes 89b(50);
Tan 17b(3); b) imp.: XlV?D yjion "pDl '3D "IWBX
perhaps from me and you there will be success
[i.e. with the progeny] Ber 10a(50; MGL
588:12); c) inf.: VT7 "WB'X XH 13yD"? "TOB'X 'XD
'lay layD1? what can one do? (If) they, in fact,
could have done (something) they would have
done (it) BQ 38a(37); rmpn1? TOB'X it is possible
to remove the tithe from it Yom 83a(39); Naz
14a(7); b. w. negation: 1) alone: "NPB'X X^> it is
impossible Svu 15b(14); Hul 130b(2); xVl ]T*3
TOD'X since it is impossible Git 60a(23); X1? DJin
"IWB'X X3H "HtfB'X in that case it is impossible. In
this case it is possible Sab 134a(17); 2) w. fol.
inf.: n'ffVD 'in'ttV n'V "WB'X xVr X3TI where it is
impossible for one (kind) to become like the
other Men 23b(10); .T'WXl mDD1? "WSX xVt it is
impossible to go to the trouble to bring it BM
95a(6); 2. w. 'b to afford s.t: XJV7'D T35H JXD
n'^ TOB'X X1?! one who has to let blood and
cannot afford it [i.e. to buy wine] Sab 129a(44);
124
1#KX'N
125
N'TN
nay '3'n mV irax xVt '3nmx nn "tobx id you
can afford (to buy) other (knives). How should
others who cannot afford (to buy) act? Pes
30b(15); I1? IttB'X X1? pX irf? "WB'Xl X1H ]'JTOX
our forefathers could afford (to miss the fair). We
cannot afford (it) ib. 50b(52; E2); wb "TOBX 'X
n'«;B3iD irrx r\b '3X3 xV'xi rb '3X3 mh if its
owner could afford it he would (re)build it. And
if not, (PN) would (re)build it at his own expense
Tan 20b(44)
Y: -IWBX Pes 89b(50).
1#KS'N, NXN n.m. algae (< XVy*; i VpX;
MH2 D'3tt? nsy PT Sab 6a[29]) sg. X3'DT XX'X
X"IH3 13DT wet algae which dams up the canal Git
69b(29)
RaH: iVb D'Vya x-im lain -sua 'jijw awy xxx "b OHR ib.
45:20; Lit: Low, Flora 4:145; Y: KX'X Gil ib.(BAYTN 133).
2# NS'K n.m. (uncertain) sg. XS'X n'3 'im 3"yx
even though it [i.e. the beer] has ... Ket 100b(38;
FrAr [AC 1:248]) [Var: XXX HP 121:31]
For var. explanations, v. AC ib.
NSPS'N n.m. bench (i Xri3BXD) sg. "?0BD '3X0 'D
'B?3'X '1DXT X3BX'X IX ]33T TIDXT is (the Hebrew
term) ^DSD which the scholars said or (the
Aramaic term) X3tJX'X which people say
distasteful? Qid 70a (3 8) [I XD'BlpX]; X33D1?
H3BXX to build a bench MQ 10b (5) [Var: mt50X
Ar (AC 1:167)]; pi. '3BXXX "71TXT they walked on
the benches Pes 65b(18) [Var: '3BXXX 110DT Ar
(AC ib.)] // Zev 35a(25; V8)
This word is app. not the same as the common NaOX'X Lehnw
118 occurring in MH texts; Y: X3BX'X Qid ib.(BAYTN 247).
[Nm&X'K I X713DXD n.]
K^BX'K, NVtJSIN, nVbDIN, pi. ]1iVB0W n.m.
garment (< axoXfi Lehnw 120; Sy ^ V \ ™-f
LS 33, Ma x"?DXy MD 356) sg. xrf7'»T xVtJX'X a
garment of fine wool Yev 66b(31) [Var: X"?DX1X
HP 102:20; xVtJOIX TGAs28 54:29]; MQ
28b(14); BM 17a(20); San 44a(32); pi. pVoDIX
SAfl7a(20; HP 78:17)
Geon. expl.: rfhuv ms'^n nil -p 'p: nax 'jb ji^o 'pb nwa
TGWeisz 80:15; Y: (6DXX Mg 28b(14; BAYTN 214).
NVailBS'K n.m. part of the millstone
(< mpofiiXoc, Lehnw 121; I 4#xnDX; MH
V'3i"lDDX MBBK 4:3, ^BDX Yeivin, BV 1071,
Pal b'SIBDX pine nut PAT 341, DNWSI 87, Sy
v? . \ -.oi \ mrf LS 34) sg. X'nm (n)'173nBX'X
Ket 69a(42)
Geon. expl.: [Tfflpn 13 VfllW D1|?S] trn'TH nax TRN 644:11; GC
134:6; OHR Ket 53:26; Y: X^anipX'N Ket ib.(BAYTN 314).
NBS'N n.m. (uncertain; cf. Akk husabu a part or
product of the date palm CAD H 258, mng. 2)
sg. xVmm XSX'X ... of a date Git 89a(50) [Var:
XXSX Ar (AC 1:253) = OHR ib. 55:8]
NXS'N, NXNX'N, NSSN, NXNXN n.m. pressure,
squeezing (< XXX'y*; I V^XX) sg. XXXX'X 33X
n'^ 'pTD (the snakes) harm him because of the
pressure (he exerts by standing on them) Yev
121b(l) // XXX'X Ber 33a(12); XXX'X "im T1XT
(the juice of the grapes) flows due to the pressure
(of the pile) Sab 144b(33); BM 40a(45); 'D3 '3H
XXXXX 3JX iVdxHD these also can be eaten
through squeezing out (of the brine) MQ 1 la(34);
"?'3X1 'XXXX ym rvb nay they squeezed it out
[i.e. the fish] for him sixty times and he ate (it)
ib. 35 [Var: 'XXX'X SMel 42:11]
Lit: Nold, MG 582; Y: XXX'X Ber 33a(12; BAYTN 109).
NIS'N 1 x-ix'y
Kp'N n.m. goat (etym. unkn.) sg. XD'Vltf Xp'X
X'3Dri3 (the skin of) a castrated goat for eight
(coins) Sab 152a(22; RaH) [Var: np'y OM; Xp'y
Ar(AC 1:254)]
Expl. RaH: D'BD3 nJTOM O'X'3 pn: VT\ liy. The Ar's
interpretation of this word as 'goat' has no basis, and it is poss.
a phonetic var. of "lp'y [v. also Koh, op.cit., note].
N'TN, K'HN n.m. perh. designation, conclusive
argument (I Vl#'1X) sg. '3iy '3m X'TX 'XD
'D3 D'31D D'D' '3iyi n\mv '3iy l^'DX D'riOS why
does the Tanna (only) designate [lit. what is the
designation which he learns] the eve of Passover?
(He should include) also even the eve of the
Sabbath and the eve of holidays Pes 50b(5); Ber
16a(39); Sab 66b(16); Bes 8a(20); Yev 86a(42);
Ned 19b(15); BQ 45b(42); San 25b(45); Men
108b(12); Hul 120a(21); Xn rWWTD XH X'TX 'TD
DJTX13 is this the (same) designation (in both
cases)? Each deals with a different matter [lit.
this is as it is, that is as it is] Er 70a(25); Yev
84b(38); Git 33a(6); Svu 20b(23); Zev 113b(4);

T
126
n'N
Hul 127b(30); X'TX X1? xn QWa 'X if because of
this, it is not a conclusive argument Yom 74a(34);
Yev llla(30); BQ 98b(49); Hul 98a(15); 5e£
60b(33)
Geon. expl.: K'B Vip^K X1H f-inyx ^1 n;")X did one come in
contact with the other? LPT 147:3.
K#'N n.f. fire, inflammation (4- xntt'X; OA
2#B?X DNWSI 121) 1. fire: sg. H^D'H XW'X may
fire consume him Men 53a(32); 2.
inflammation: sg. inn XWX inflammation of
the bones Ber 32a(38) // Git 70a(16)! [expl. MH
masy bv vx ib.]
N"Dtf'N n. field (< Akk iskaru tax, field on
which /.-work is done CAD I/J 244, mngs. 4, 5;
AIOA 59; Sy k'jAy.k' LS 52, TA I'XnDWX pi.
TJ Is 5:10) pi. VT-DW'Xn 'M'Vx the ... in their
fields Bo 78:19
Y: XB'X BAYTN 8.
'JTOtP'N n.pl. a creeping animal (etym. unkn.)
Hul 63a<29; Ar [AC 7:210, s.v. 'XlBip])
Lit:'Geig, AAC70.
NSBTK, NStf'J? n.m. spell, incantation
(4* ^X; Sy rdi.t.K' LS 53) sg. Xai'T XSW'X
XJ'W []n]'T>m XSl&'Xl the incantation of the sea
and the incantation of Leviathan, the sea monster
Bo 2:3 // ib. 29:8 // ib. 52:6; XSW'y i& 86:4; pi.
'StSX /& 36:6
NMT'Btf'N 4- xast'sizhx n.
Nflf % NTlKtf'N n.f. fire, fever (4- Xti'X; TA
XBf'X TOv Gen 15:17, Sy k'&JLk' fever LS 52,
Ma XriXlZ/y fire, fever MD 357, Akk isatu fire,
abscess, inflammation CAD I/J 227) 1. fire:
sg.abs. XW'Xl pWJ torches of fire 5Af 85b(30;
EsF1); det. ,&* 67a(23) [v. infra, mng. 2]; Xffltf'X
XJlTj?' burning fire 5o 3:6; ib. 16:7; 72:4; 109:5;
2. fever: sg. XfODO '"113*01 XnE/'X fever and
bloodletting are a danger AZ 29a(3); /'& 28b(41);
Aterf 41a(40) [4 xpjTVB]; '2/p XW'01 XnW'X
XB'pia a fever of winter is more severe than that
of summer Yom 29a(3); n'lUT XflXW'X X'lX the
fever sustained the lion (in the ark) [i.e. it did not
eat food] San 108b(46); Yev 71b(15); ib. 17; '31
p npnyi nniyi towa mian"? xwx n'n*arn '3'n
xn'jibs "is x'^Vs1? xnwx mrann p pmaip
'maip p pnym just as you saw the fire of PN,
PN2, and PN3, and it fled from before them, so
may you see the fever of NN b. NN2, and it will
flee from before them Sab 67a(24); xnitf'X [pi]
XTVny pi from fever and shivering Bo 89:7; ib.
132:10; HM 41:14; Pes 25b(19) [4- Tax]; AZ
28a(8); X»T 713 XJWX a one-day fever Sab
66b(37) [cf. Sy Klioo.. b^r? PSm 411]; Saw
47b(19); nxn'"?n xnK/'X three-day fever Sab
67a(l) [cf. Sy k'^I^ k'xjjk'^ k'Av^.k'
^jJSocL. PSm ib.]
Geon. expl. [mng. 2]: mpM nTOXyVw BX '31 XWOT XTIB'X
TV"118 nvi> Vnl xain '^yow yw^l OHT Yom 15:3, i.e. Jil;
ufrs Vstx] iTn xVi xnwxa rf?in rm nrra nvroa '-(xn] oh
San 541:5; Y: XJW'X AZ 28a(8; BAYTN 32).
NBNTltf'N n.m. (uncertain) sg. xaVya XBX'nWX
XIH it is merely a ... AZ 41a(16; P'J[corr.]
TGHark 23:33) [expl. MH nyao ib.]
Geon. expl.: o'^i mi's i»wi mamm mnnw itib oisnoisx
NSX'TVaWN Xlp: JV3H tya^B JinXlXl TGHark ib.; but note
also: ],i D'wi n'-inxa ni'Bffii nx pvua law Vra py xa"nB'x
'aiB'Jl ly1? 'B1?! 10B1 TGAs28 142:9, i.e. It. timone pole, shaft
[v. Koh, AC 6:704; Sy rd-SaJJ»-*_K' ship's captain LS 812],
While phonetically difficult [cf.. LS ib.], this word may poss. be
< Akk salammu administrative official CAD S/2 185, AIOA
101, > Ma XBX71XB MD 446; Lit: Sok, KS 51 [1976] 472; H.S.
Nyberg, MO 26/27 [1932/3] 256 [Ir etym.]; Y: XBWX AZ
ib.(BAYTN 273).
NJlSlpJW'N n.f. a type of demon (lit. blow;
4- V«lpB?; Ma xnsip'tt? MD 463) sg. Bo 18:10; ib.
35:8; 54:6
JVN, -Tl'K, ">K part, there is (4- X3'X, X3'1?, rrt>;
Sy &.3T* LS 16, Ma n'J? MD 348) a. w. pers.
poss.suff. expressing existence: 1) alone: sg.m.
n'TTX XD'n where is he [i.e. his abode]? Git
68a(33); Meg 19a(27); BQ 69b(38); WVS
Term va xc/n rrrvx xs'Dia n'jrxi it is clear that
he was (still alive). Since from the latter part (of
the Mishna) he is (alive), so also in the former
part he is (still alive) Er 70a(24); Yom 85a(16);
San 54b(47); Ara 4a(44); f. TU'H'Hpj nJVX DX1
nO'^DH OfV if it is (the case), let us advance them
[i.e. the towns] to the day of the assembly Meg
4b(3); Yev 115b(22); BQ 12b(28); BM 43a(37);
VxiWlV nri'X PN's opinion is valid [lit. it is for
that of PN] 5M20a(l); AZ 68a(17); n'3J nn'X 'D
X"?DX X1? when she is with him [i.e. while he is
JVN
127
Tl'N
still alive] she may not eat (teruma) San 51a(23);
AnanSch 18:24; Vxittn 'TO nri'X 13 when (Eretz
Israel) is in the possession of the Jews ib. 23:29;
TITO nn'X -I13S3 nri'XT XriTia "?D1 any matter
which is (an obligation) for a community is (an
obligation) for an individual Pes 69b(2); 'Ta
nri'XTJ Xn nn'XTJ Xn X'TX is this the (same)
designation (in both cases)? Each deals with a
different matter [lit. this is as it is, that is as it is]
Er 70a(25); lpl. UK\ pjTX X3H ^rrxi '3TI '3 just
as we are here [i.e. in this world], so we are there
[i.e. in the world to come] Pes 50a(13); 2m. '3
T?'ff3 133ri'X when you are in GN Yev 116a(17);
3m. '33J?B lnan'K '3 when they are there they are
indispensable Pes 77b(19); Git 29b(29); 113JTXT
X3Xa3 D'yiT1? there are seeds in the vessel Anan
50:13; iSGF 59:15; f. mxa 'nJD'X XTI'I'S 'in
HTWn iy IWXnn the j.-palms (of GN) exist from
(the time of) Adam until now Ber 31a(40; F);
TUri'X XjnX3 '3n '.WX Kyp-ia 'Jni these are in
the sky (and) those are on earth Hag 12b(47); 2)
w. fol. rel. clause: nV n'1? Xrfr'a X3'XT nn'X DX
xbp if it is (the case) that there is something [i.e.
a blemished pedigree], it is not publicized Qid
76a(36); Xrib'aV T^ Jl'X X"?p p'^DT nn'X 'X if it
is (the case) that he came up (from the water) the
incident is publicized Yev 121b(47); Gi( 18b(2);
Qid 76b(26); H'1? na"? IT? 130 X"?T HD'X DX
n"3JT>aV if it is (the case) that he does not have
that opinion, why does he have to learn it? Er
9b(22); ib. 75b(36); b. w. mn [Geonic; cf. JPA
nnn ri'x djpa 55, mng. c.i]: ]a X3"?a rm mn
'X3V 'sVa there was a king among the Greek
kings TGHark 190:14; 'Tin 'T13 'iUri'K mn xV
'n^lS all of them were not together HG2 73:8; ]1'3
yybst xnxi3T ^3n^ 'yxa^; pn itx mm since
there were scholar disciples of those Rabbis who
differ iSGF 29:20; ib. 15:5; 'XIiyTJ n'X mm
m"? 3n'a^ I had intended to give (it) to him
TGHark 35:13; c. w. complement: 1) "3: (a) to
contain, have: p3T in3 Jl'X are there scholars
among them? Meg 13b(42); Xltf'S n'3 Jl'X '31
when it [i.e. the cooked dish] contains meat Sab
37b(50); Pes 4b(6); Meg 6b(36); BQ 51b(27);
San 96b(48); Men 29b(52); Bek 8b(13); (b) to
concern, apply: XTDS n'3 rl'X »aj X132? a loss
applies also to the s.-beverage MQ 12a(48); in"?13
'3 11311'X all of these (things) apply to me Ber
56b(21); BM 108b(3); Bek 9b(22); nri'3» .TO Jl'X
nsxbaa it concerns abstention from work Anan
82:13; 2) "Y. (a) to have, possess: (1) expressing
possession: J1? 1'3T xVl n'^ n'X 'XT if I have [lit.
he has] (money) and do not buy (it) for you Er
100b(49); Bes 8b(2); X'an3 CV Jl'X -] 'TX XTinp
'"7'X I have villages. I have vineyards Suk 44b (21)
[v. Geon. expl.]; X'pDIDpa '033 ~p Jl'X do you
have property in GN? Ber 56b(22); xnil'X X'nn
"3X 13 '3'3 3m xyiX3 X"?pi nV ITX mm a certain
woman who had a date palm in PN's field BB
137b(12); 'J1XT miyb '3'3a f? n'X do we have a
share in you in the world to come? ib. 73b(34;
MGG 52:12); Yom 75b(3); Suk 33b(29); Git
44b(2i); BQ 40b(ii); 'imi pm> n'xi ]inrrp ^3
pnV all the property that they have or will have
Bo 6:10; ib. 76:8; 'VwixV T1? n'X he has
(something) to lend Ket 105b(10); .TO n'X mm
'31p nn (the fish) had two horns BB 74a(40);
in n'3a xnxi1?! ->m-\ ^mV n'x mm they had
exilarchs from the House of David I$GF 73:17;
ib. 105:13; (2) expressing a connection, situation,
or intrinsic property: 'XJ8 X»'B;pT xnnx 'V n'X I
have a sister who is older than I Meg 13b(12);
nra D'W n'1? n'X he has children from her Er
41b(29); -nrw '"? n'X I have witnesses Ket
27b(34); 'V n'X X3H I have a lawsuit Ket
105b(27); X3TS lnV n'X m^lsV all of them have
a refutation Yom 85b(15); Er 29b(43); XJTX.m
'ai' |'nn ]V n'X! now that we have two days [i.e.
celebrate the holiday for two days] Meg 31a(8);
Naz 14a(3); (3) expressing holding an opinion:
n'1? n'XTJ ITa^l TO n'XTJ naV each one according
to his opinion Ber 21b(20; F); Suk 28b(19); Sot
15a(7); San 90a(31); Yom 6a(10); (b) w. inf.
must, be required to: Wnb TV n'X you must say
Sab 144b(25); Yom 36a(15); Gif 24b(35); BM
7a(i); dis1? isi'aVi xmib n'V n'x xaxaa in "731
'txm 'Xa each one of us is required to sell and
buy according what is proper SSHai 9b(13); (c)
in idiomatic expressions: (1) x"?p mX7 n'X to be
publicly known: Er 3a(37); Yev 109a(16); Sot
6b(29); BQ 33b(9); Hul 42a(l); (2) ty/'Sr1? n'X
to owe: 4- -'3A prep., mng. 6; Vy mng. 7; (3) n'X

K»'J1'K
128
Nnx nri'N
"T "V to agree w. s.o.'s opinion: 3m IT1? n'X ID
new am mV n^ nai new you agree with PN's
opinion. He does not agree with PN's opinion Er
65a(21); Sab 28b(38); Naz 62b(29); 5M 57a(30)
Geon. expl.: '■? »' O'n'Tl 'V »' TJ> 'V'X Xfl'Tl 'Vx xnnp OH Suk
112:17; Lit: Satzlehre 140+; Goldenberg, Studies 545+; Y: JTX
£r 100b(49; BAYTN 332).
NS'Tl'K I Vnax itpe.
"rari'N, Vans adv. yesterday, day before (TA
Vanx TOv Ex 4:10, Sy (jjL^W LS 827, Ma
Vxany md 358) 'an '■? max bamx ix1? xm did
you not, in fact, tell me so yesterday? Sab
31a(25); XJTXm 2iyb 'ran'XT 3iy ]'3 between
yesterday evening and this evening Pes 108a(13;
M1) [expl. BH tra-iyri ]'3 Ex 12:6]; AZ 76a(28);
Bes 2b(21); Meg 31a(45); 'jamxa .m 'BX 'XT
nj'Va n1? nVoB'X if he baked it the day before it
became invalid by remaining overnight Men
5ia(3); mn 'Vvw -innVi 'm mn Vanxa 'ax "i
m^> "?"\!?a PN used to check (for a blemish on a
firstborn animal) on the day before (the holiday),
and on the next day he would merely inquire
about them Bes 27a(34); Er 15a(5); RH 23a(8);
AZ 28b(30)
KpTl'N n.m. fringe, thread (Sy K±A-j&i_>rc',
K'klnruv, pi. rciJJrui., rdJS^A. LS 55, 512, 554;
cf. Akk itqu fleece AHw 404) sg. J'Dinn r?'X DPI
npn'X 'BIX '^a the name of these threads in
Aramaic is Kpn'X GC 74:1 [expl. MH pon '8U
MKel 29:1 and expl. as Arab Jii.]
Lit: Eps, Stl 74'; for its use also in H contexts, v. GC ib. 74:5;
75:1; 3; 6; 90:9; 91:1
NJW'K, NJIM'K, cs. Jffl'K, pi. '#3 n.f. woman,
wife, mate (I xmnrx, xn'3 'tfJ'X, 'tfj '3; LMA
«e-se-e Uruklnc 37, TA Xjfijn'X TOv Gen 25:1, Sy
rc'^&lK', pi. rdij LS 31, 450, Ma xnay, pi.
X'lW MD 354) 1. woman: a. general: sg. n"tn
XW xnn'X 130 WpV £"1 PN saw him (and)
thought that he was a woman BM 84a(40); 'Xn
X'Vn X'tm xnn'X a woman who sees a snake Sab
110a(22); XJ"T 'apV 'XnXT xnn'X X'nn a certain
woman who came before a judge Er 53b(16);
X1H33 Xnn'X nyatS a woman is drowning in the
river Sot 21b(18); Yev 100a(22); BM 67a(ll);
San 67b(38); Xin xnn'X SSHai 12a(17); Xnn'X
xn'JTT a wicked woman Bo 54:7; xnnrx X'nn
g;W 9a(6); pi. 'U?jV "psw 'Xn your beauty
belongs to women BM 84a(40); nV?t5j? 'KW X13J
a man whom women killed ib. 97a(10); nna
X"tt?n (')pnDX the country of Africa of women
Tam 32b(6); wiMib nan xnan mV xvsy mn
ITTin^ 'K?m he made a place (of incarceration)
separately for men and separately for women Tan
21b(36); Wl nan xnDlV the curses of men and
women Bo 67:4; ib. 71:6; 2. wife: sg. man X1?
'nnnx xnnx aiwm innx your wife will not die
and you will (not) marry another woman MQ
9b(23); Ber 56a(25); XXU T,nmx your wife is
short BM 59a(30); Bo 7:15; ib. 14:11; 27:1; XJX
H'nn'XT nma I am his stepdaughter Yev 97b (12);
'TS3 nn'X^ xnbm a third for my wife regarding
the fruits BB 132b(17) [in a testament]; n':Vs
'nnj'X NN, my wife SSHai 13b(13); ib. 14a(8);
Yev 116a(6); Ned 91b(12); Bo 10:4; ib. 82:1;
pl.es. '"131 'E>3 married women ^«an 98:16; det.
't>j 1'mn two wives Ber 56b(20); pnai xaa
]li"HM'^ |'3,T1 pD'A ]'T2/ just as demons write
gets and give (them) to their wives Bo 13:7; 3. in
euph. phrase Knn'X Tn/KTin I, you [cf. Xinn
tray, i i#xnai mng. 4]: xnn'X in nn'a xpi 'n
woe, for I am dying BB 151b(10; P1); mn 'X»
xnn'X X'nm n^y what will become of me (in my
old age)? Yev 65b(42); xnn'X fl xy'3X Kb 'Sax
XT10'X3 why are you not modest in the
prohibition (against promiscuous sexual
behavior)? BB 58a(25); -|,m xnttf'3 ]VSi !]Tinn
xnn'X may my misfortunes be many AZ 26a(28;
J); 4. mate: sg. nnxnJX 3<3>xn bm a camel
(which) copulates with its mate OHP Ber 105:12
Voc: xfWx HPP 54:18; Y: xnn'X Tan 21a(36; BAYTN 199).
- N3N nri'N n.f. stepmother (4- 1#X3X; Sy
^A* ^&i«' PSm 287, JPA '13XT H'nn'X PT
Ber 5c[4l]) sg. xax nn'x mV mn pnv 'm n^ip
xar "?a XSn xanx mm PN's relative had a
stepmother who needed a doctor every day Ket
52b(16); ib. 54b(3); Tan 20a(38; Mai 79:20[Var])
[4- XS^Ij? mng. 3a]; '13X nnfX] his stepmother
AnanSch 18:27; '13XT xnn'X ib. 20:3
- Hm TirPN n.f. sister-in-law (4- xnx; Sy
,ac«-or^ h\<klr<' PSm 287) sg. x"n am mnan
'XIH 'inx nn'X 'nsna xanx PN's mother-in-law
t t : -
129
i#Vdn
was (also) his sister-in-law Ket 104b(20); xnnx
mnXT his sister-in-law Anan 102:21
K3K13K n.m. table (< MP xwan CPD 95;
4- xuiniax) sg. xarrn x:xXa)(a)XT xyna a leg of
a table of gold Tan 25a(10; Yal) [v. DS, ad loc,
other mss.: xmns]; 'yna xn^m x:xxa)(aix a
three-legged table ib.
GnK5 171:6: 1X13X W 'DIB ]wbl ]rbwV; Lit: Mai 11 la, note
to 1.2.
]tf'TON I i©'nxia n.
JOaailSN, nKaaX13 n.m. table steward (< MP
ttjt:-7 t;t: v
xwan table CPD 95 + actor suf. -gar [cf. NP
xwangar cook, table decker PED 481]; I X3X13X)
sg.abs. XaVaT -IIIDX "7'TXI 1'Vn mn the royal
steward was passing back and forth Ket 61a(52)
[Var: XaVai 1J3X13 Ar (AC 4:205)]; pi. niJTDX
Xm"7J wn '31 the stewards of the exilarch's
household MQ 12a(17; Rashi, ed. Venice) [Var:
'(-l)nilinax C [X'M]; nWX(ia)(T3}X HG1 419:65;
ni3(13)(T3)X HR 131:28; nM(X13){TX3)X HP
179:12]
Geon. expl.: n»» (^(nalx'PSI 1X13X 1BW '01B ymil ]ri71VV ...
txjmcd inVwn iy nnaa xij>j p's1? ixs GnK5 171:6; ]thvv
IKS -KX^am JXllSX 'DIB l^a OHT MQ 13:23; Lit: Geig, AAC
19, s.v. XJ:niBX; Tel 14.
Nj?3"1113N n.m. pavilion in a garden (< MP
*xwarnaq sumptuous building [cf. NP
xwarangah name of a famous palace,
magnificent edifice PED 484], > Arab xawarnaq
Nold, Geschichte 793; MH2 D'a^aVu; 'pjTDX Tan
14b[31]; Meg 5b[53]) sg. mm XpnVDX Xinn
X3nD133 xm1?! V"b a certain pavilion which the
exilarch had in a garden Er 25b(18)
Geon. expl.: D'aVa ymv yyD X31p IX XniD3X TV3 Xj73Tl<3)niX
DTisn yxaxa maiyi pVw oins -yva oht ib. 17: i; ohp Tan
59:26; Lit: Geig, AAC 21.
NJT113N n. a surgical instrument (etym. unkn.)
sg. xmiax 'ma mn he brought an '.-instrument
5A/83b(49; SM 64:1)
Mng. derived from context.
Kt13N i XT13 n.
HN1T3N adj. cruel (JPA "nT3X DJPA 56) sg.m.
nX-|T3X HIV a cruel demon HMGas 94:1
ND3N n.m. a dish made of flour and herbs,
steeped in milk and sprinkled with wine (etym.
uncertain) sg. 'JP'BI XB3X 'XH that '.-dish of the
Arabs AZ 34b(2; Ar [AC 1:75]) [Var: XD3X EdJ;
v. Abramson, AZ 180, but corr. to XD3X]
Geon. expl.: 'Siy^X il^K 7I"B31 Kin 133 xyX'B ND3X TGHark
23:18 = GnK5 135:1, i.e. ,^>JI J^i Arabian whey; ]'X'3a
D.T'jy -|o: i" <pim ibm ]mx imwi cswyi na[7 Ar [AC ib.];
Lit: AAC 21; Low, Flora 1:113.
'3N vb. i Vl#Vax vb.
n.f. eating, use of property (< MH
n?'3X Yeivin, BV 886; i Vltt^ax) 1. eating: sg.
mnV'ax na'B/ai ]Va since his eating is extended
(over time) Kar 12b(48); 2. use of property: sg.
"jnV'aX m*13 "7'T go (and) clarify your use of the
property [i.e. that you had possession of the
property for three years] BB 29b(24) // ib.
159b(36); pi. XnxVoX nna"7 xnxV'ax 'piX place
the (witnesses confirming) uses against the
(witnesses denying) uses ib. 31a(26); 28(HP
89:25)
Y: -jnypx BB ib.(BAYTN 172).
1# 73N, '3N vb. to eat, devour, consume, enjoy
usufruct (4- lsx^aix, xnVax, xVa'a, xn"7iaa,
2#xnV'ama, V'axi tid, 3#x"?an, V?ay; Sy
cLsk' LS 17, Ma 1#"?3X MD 16) Pe. (a/u), pf.
lsg. '"73X Yev 66a(40); n'VaX Sab 140b(12); 2m.
n^ax Sab 109a(18); 3m. "?ax Mak 16b(18); H'VaX
5M72a(29); f. nnbax San 108b(46); lpl. X^ax
BB 146b(2); 3m. Viax Git 67b(44); nfox Yev
121b(43); imp. lsg. "713'X San 95a(39); 2m. "?ia'n
Er 36a(38); 3m. *7\yh Git 61b(27); "713'J Er
29b(45); f. Viavi Yev 70a(5); lpl. Vl3'3 RH
30a(44); 2m. ybvr\ Sab 140b(28); 3m. lVa'3 MQ
9a(22); V,yb^1 Tan 25a(20); imper. 2sg.m. "713'X
Ber 62b(6); "713 Hag 15b(33); H'^SX Sab
118a(17; M); f. 'Vd'X Bo 72:8; 2pl.m. "|Vdx San
39a(14); inf. "ja'a1? Sab 140b(18); TO'Vaa Bes
4a(39); part. lsg. xaVox Ned 16a(26); 2m. n"?3X
BM 101a(5); 3m. V-3X Men 59a(31); f. x"7ax HP
105:9; lpl. p'Vax Sab 136a(44); 2m. pnOVsX
Anan 71:7; 3m. '"?3X Bes 7a(28); f. f?3X Ket
lllb(50); forms w/o final lamed: imp. lsg. 13'X
BB 33a(ll; HG2 454:92); 3m. ia'3 Git 69b(17;
OHT ib. 153:5); lpl. 13'3 Suk 41a(33); flo 125:8;
part. sg.m. '3X Suk 27a(19); Bo 125:9;-1. to eat:

1#
130
1#^JK
a. humans: 1) alone: X3a'ytJl XJ^'SX "73'B X3X
Xlll'm xayD I am indeed eating, and I taste a
taste of leprosy Git 68a(4); b'DXl ri'33a 13'X PN
used to bite and eat (bread of pagans) AZ
35b(50); x3V'3xp xsanna X3*?'3X xp inria idx
am I eating from their (property)? I am eating
from that of the Merciful One Ket 67b(25); Qid
47a(24); Tan 23a(45); Anan 18:9; 2) w. dir. obj.:
'3'XJl b'SX Xp ,11,1 he was eating figs Sab 90a (49);
'XXllTflyS xVl XpT '*?3X 'XflV3y3 XV X3X I ate eat
vegetables neither when I was poor nor when I
was rich Sab 140b(12; V); XTS ^3'a1? to eat fruit
BB 33b(17); 13s? m^V 'IIP! xVmn "?13 eat a
?.-date and throw out its skin Hag 15b(33); byvh
'D'm xanb to eat wheat bread AnanSch 10:28; ,
nxrj i(o)m)xi xp'3a xpi' '^jx x^i 'xn the |
reason that they do not eat vegetables from the
bunch which a gardener binds Hul 105b(35); Sab
82a(3); 3) w. Vvitf pe.: 4- V'TW pe., mng. lc; b.
animals: Tl'ai ^>3n'X1 '133y ^SX (the cat) ate the
mice, became sick, and died BM 97a(ll); BQ
48a(i6); ]33ii Mxoa b'sx xp mm X3*?3 xinn a
certain dog that used to eat the scholars' shoes
MQ 17a(55); b'3X|? ,TP"ia Xllfi the ox eats from
its threshing Git 62a(3) // Hul 6b(12; V")
[prov.]; £> 81a(33); BB 23a(l); 2. to devour:
'3'1 1,131^3'3 let the wolves devour them Tan
25a(20); nraVl X301? X'lX ,Tfc}'3 let the lion
devour the old man and his son Ket 72b(25); Mak
1 la(41); Ber 60b(57); Sab 110a(4); Sg 15b(22);
XDn1? '"1113 mtax the fish devoured PN Yev
121b(43); AZ 18b(2); 3. to destroy, consume: a.
person: rwitoxi ^>atPna X113 pS3 a fire came out
of the hasmal and consumed him Hag 13a(49);
,1'^3'Jl XtP'X may fire consume him Men 53a(32);
b. money: ]Tia ^DVl xyiX rfox 'XT if the
ground will destroy (the money), let it destroy
(that) belonging to us Ber 18b(52); 4. to
squander: 'XE?3 JT31 X30T31? rb rtox Xp she is
squandering the fruits of the labor of my family
estate Yev 117a(29); /*. 39; 'ari'(l) 1,1'TIT I^D'J
should they squander Ihe orphans' money? BM
70a(33); 5. to enjoy the usufruct [of a field, etc.;
caique < Akk akalu G CAD A/1 252, mng. 2c;
JudA *?3X JDS3 7:14]: Ipm" ">1V rtoxi 'X if he
enjoyed its usufruct [i.e. of the field] of the years
of the hazaqa Ket 17b(20); BB 30b(5); ib.
33a(ll; HG2 454:92); 33b(9); 50b(20); BM
110a(23)!; xyiX i?13,,7 XpOt? 3',T1 JXB let the one
who pays the land tax enjoy the usufruct of the
field BB 54b(17); ib. 54a(20); X*?p H'ty X3'X ,11,1
'Bfl'l xynx b'3X Xpi there was a rumor
concerning him that he was enjoying the usufruct
of the orphans' field ib. 32b(31); XTU3B?» 'X,1
XJV333 X^X *713'3 X8? 'p^Oai X171X3 concerning
mortgaged property, in a place where they
remove (the creditor immediately from its
possession on payment of the debt), he should
enjoy the usufruct (of the field) only against a
deduction (from the annual debt) BM 67b(3); 6.
in idiomatic expressions: a. to irritate [Sy, LS
ib., mng. 2, Akk akalu G to irritate CAD A/1
255, mng. 6]: ,1'V *?'3X Xp [,1'izmn '3 =] iTEnirU
the place of the sore of his eye is irritating him
Svu 6b(34; Ar [AC 3:506]); b. w. X13X to earn a
fee: 4- 1#X"UX mng. 4; c. w. NXIlp to inform on
s.o.: 4- l#XXTlp; d. w. KTI'3'1 to enjoy usury:
4- XJl'3'1 mng. c
Af. to give to eat, feed: a. alone: ('V) 'in 'T1^>
X113 X*?31X1 xy"D Xl,1,1 I saw a certain Arab who
fed it [i.e. the camel] a kor (of fodder) &j6
155b(16); ib. 108a(40); 145b(16); 109b(35)
[4- xriiEto usage dj; nanru rri>i3ix^> 'fix xa^'i
XJV11X1 he may perhaps be apt to feed her
Pentateuchal teruma Yev 113a(10); b. w. V'pltf af.:
1,13'pPXl irU'VsiX he gave them food and drink
Tan 21b(42); MQ 27a(22); m(')n3 K1W
"pptPX mC>n3 mam IDJ'^OIX I fed you select
meat and gave you select wine to drink Bo 58:10
Itpe. (e) 1. to be eaten: 'X,1 ,7(,)n)3n,l?T Niyi X,T
"abvb Xllfi may it be (His) will that this ox
should be eaten in peace Nid 33b(24); Zev
56b(5); Xyj'S3 X^Xfi'ai naim teruma which is
eaten in private Ket 24b(27); Men 84b(27); XMHl
xunyri 'T Vy xbx xVsrra xb m^ui xrmn that
lowest one of all of the them [i.e. the loaves] can
only be eaten in combination (with other food)
Yom 75b(23); Pes 84a(8); AZ 76a(23); Bek
16a(26); AnanSch 3:18; 2. to be consumed, used
up: "IEH3 'am b'axrra rmai nvrrern pip's
'^DXri'a n{'IT","'(a)1 a deposit is consumed in its
owner's possession [i.e. he bears the loss], while
131
NT103N
this (money) is consumed in her [i.e. the
betrothed woman's] possession Qid 59a(41) [cf.
MH2: myan toxru ib. 39]; lmis in1? •faxpx 'xi
XnyW X'nn3 'Ta JWa P'D xVl if all (the money)
was used up and nothing remained of it at that
time HP 115:18; ib. 15; 3. w. mtf to eat: linVap
,!7 V'3H'ai '3TI V3 you accepted me just as I eat
[i.e. a large amount] Pes 89b(21; C); lXX'^fBNIX
id1? xenp'a x"?i X3i» x(i)(i}pwa lsri'sV
WpD3 X1? Xl»np 'XH31131? '(3){3)Jl'ai by the time
that you go to your house, the lamp will be
extinguished, you will not recite the qiddus, you
will eat, and with this qiddus [i.e. previously
recited elsewhere] you will not fulfill your
obligation ib. 101a(20; C); n'1? V'SXJIQ X1? he
cannot eat Seel 139:27; H3'a H'1? "?'3XX1»1 'y3 he
wants to eat from it ib. 145:18
Expl. of Hai Gaon [Pe., mng. 6a]: <,1)IJl!'Wmn '3 JUT '011 '3,11
,rnB3i «WTn jvop: 'six jw'js py ni'iso B'"T3 ,tV V'sk [xp]
xp 'aix nw^s noix xs'sn jnim lsmnw oix b>w nrB3 mpo
■^ 'J'SX Xp JWXin '3 H'1? TOX ... n'V VOX QS 11[16:2 = Ar
(AC ib.)]; Lit: Pfl 92.
n.m. a type of worm (lit. mud
eater; 4- X3'B; Sy rdLar*' gnawing worm
PSmSup 17, rd-i\ ,-Lok' earth worms BBah
1959:17) sg. H'1? x"7'yi X111D Xinn1? H'^ X3'Tm
n'ai ,T01X3 X3'tJ m>3X we saw a certain fish into
whose nostril an './.-worm entered, and it died BB
73b(16)
Lit: Low, Lehnw 264; Y: XJ'B jfax BB ib.
[2# VSN 4- V?13 Vb.]
kV3K, nVsIN, N^SIjr n.m. mallet, blow of a
mallet (Akk akkullu a hammer-like tool CAD
A/1 276, Sy rdS.aK' LS 17, Ma 2#X*73X mace,
club MD 17) 1. mallet: sg. rfox1? JPVm 'ail
because its head is similar to a mallet Bek 43b (7)
[expl. MH lfr'3 Mib. 7:1]; X311? X"7<3)(3)1X '3 like
a mallet to a branch(?) San 28b(15) [comparison
of the father of the groom to the father of the
bride; 4- 2# X31]; XrVn ,131 X*73X the great mallet
of splendor Bo 124:13; 2. blow of a mallet: pi.
x"?3iy3 '^siy nxa m inai ]xas it is as if they hit
it with a hundred blows of a mallet [i.e. your
argument has been previously refuted] BB 85b(5)
// Ket 53a(23)
Geon. expl.: moVl 1B31 B'BB XW 'BTX ]whl X^3iy '3 WT
iw1? te wb 1031 Tnxs ]mx I'ypwi mwn rtx 13 ro]»w
jw1? 'b:x3 »' ]3 i'b^x Dipos j'j'yi pry mpas psfrx inoixw
^333 rwsy D'nbnni ... x°73x 'oix ^^ x'jsy 'sixw dps 'btx
x^3x wn m 13 )'3»b ino1? j'xmpi 'dtx ym^i yr*n [...] maw
'131 Xtayi OH San 236:27; Lit: Eps, Stl 45; S. Friedman, Ros
Vol 430122; Y: X^SIX, X^3X BAYTN 144.
paVSK 4- X3"?3 n.]
n.m. a workman whose job requires
physical strength (etym. unkn.) pi. 'Wl^OX BM
77a(16)
Lit: S. Friedman, Ros Vol 421+.
K'^SN n.m. (uncertain) sg. H'1? 'ip X'^DXl Bo
72:3
Lit: AMB 170.
N3"?3N 4- X3"73 n.
D3N 4- D31X adj., D13'X adj.
Kmi»3K n.pl. 4- D31X n., mng. II.2
["I!33N4-V2#ia3vb.]
NITIMN n.f. a type of demon pi. Bo 120:3; ib.
20
K03K n.m. word used in charm formula (etym.
unkn.) sg. xnVlUin rXT)03X ... a hen Git 69a(8)
Lit: Geig, AAC 22; Y: XD3X Git ib.
N1103N n.f. exedra, a room open like a portico
and furnished with seats (< fe^eSpa Low, Lehnw
44; 4- XTVdDX; TA X11D3X TJ Jud 3:23, Pal
X1103X PAT 337, DNWSI 52, Sy rc4n m ^ LS
18) sg. Er 25b(l); 31 '31 X11D3X an exedra of the
be rav Men 33b(36) // BB 1 lb(7); XJl'ail miD3X
a Roman exedra Men ib. // BB llb(8); ib.
135b(19)
Geon. expl.: X1TO3X rPOlX 'T^BOIX Xl,1 in Xni03Xl XT'TBO'X
'D3n \«f? TGAs28 67:20; Y: nYIMX Pes 8a(9).
N303N n.m. axle (< a^cov Low, Lehnw 48; Sy
^jjiLorc', rC±so-£iar<? LS 19) only in phrase
'NT1JT NJ03N weavers' pin [TA ]'X'1lil ]D3X
TJ IS 17:7] sg. Sab 151b(48; OAr [AC 1:80])
Lit: Geig, AAC 23; Y: X303X Sab ib.(BAYTN 213).
W303N n.m. stranger (< %ivoc, Lehnw 48; Sy
rdiifio.oK' LS 338) sg. X'3D3X 'JTX H1H '31
whenever a stranger used to come San 109b(35)
NJ103N n. (uncertain) sg. XKH'X '331 XJ103X
the ... of people HMGas 94:2

1#«)3K
132
N^
1# »]3N vb. to have regard (4- V2#Vs3, V2#riB3;
Sy J_s: fl &4-*r? LS 19) Pe., only in pf. 3sg.f.
impersonal form "V 7183(')K to be concerned,
care about: n'J'B n'1? rS3'X 'XB IBrU 311 what is
PN concerned about it? 5er 62a(39); Tan
25a(17); Ket 14b(24); 'b nS3'X x"?l X3'BX XJX I
say (the words arn arn), and I am unconcerned
[i.e. it does not affect me] Tan 5b(43); Meg
15a(23); Ket 57b(49); nH T1B3'X X1? rtB3'B is he
not actually concerned (about it)? Git 62a(24);
Qid 50a(37); xiiaax n,!? riB3'x x"n xin 'xn
n'13m this is the person who is unconcerned
about someone else's money BM 24a(8); 71B3y xb
•\7b TGHark 82:4; ib. 151:15; 7/04.r42 43:25;
Geon 266:23
Lit: Geig, AAC 23; Fl, TMW 2:454 [Pe. inf. form JIBD'S].
2#*pN vb. to ride sidesaddle (denom.
< 4- XB31X) Pe.: «p'a X^T Xn «p'B1 XH this refers
to riding sidesaddle and that to not riding
sidesaddle Nid 14a(4; V5Ar [AC 4:78, s.v.
2# pit?])
NB3N n.m. (uncertain) pi. 'S3X1 '33X stones
of ... BB 69a(2) [expl. MH ?mtf> ]ntf D'jaxn
Mib. 4:8]; /& 4; 17
V the var. expl. in Ar, s.v. flS AC 3:285 [= RaH San 26b]; s.v.
iropx AC 1:14.
N'S3N n.m. paralysis (?) (4- V'S3) sg. blB' X'B3X1
rt'1? may paralysis attack him Bo 74:10
Lit: AMB 179.
13N vb. I V2# 135? vb.
KA13N 4- Xl-13 n.
NJTinSK n.f. proclamation (MH2 HTOX J 65;
4- Vri3) a. general: sg. '("l)(p)Trrt> xnrDX is this
a proclamation (concerning the 'eruv) forever?
Er 64a(3); SSHaiGr 31:1 [not XJinaX!;
concerning a woman's right to marry]; b. esp.
preceding a sale of property [cf. Nab T113
TDTJDB 73]: sg. p'jaTB iTTOj?^ 'riB^l Xro^
XTin3X X"?3 for the poll tax, alimony, and burial
we may sell (property) without a proclamation
Ket 87a(21) // ib. 100b(27) // Git 52b(l 1) // BM
108b(19); XJirDX 'BV days of the proclamation
ib. 16a(28); 35b(10); Ara 22a(30); Ket 104b(40);
XnnsXT '033 property of (the sale of) the
proclamation ib. 100b(33); pi. ]xVnn&T iy
XJ1XT13X until the proclamations begin BM
16a(28; TGHark 161:4)
Y: XriT-pN Er 64a(3; BAYTN 280).
'J13N, VO'K adv. still, yet (< ? + ]JO iy Nold,
MG 202; Ma X'"UX3X etc. while as yet MD 16,
SA "I0H still DSA 26) a. alone: Xia'ab 'XB '713X1
and still, what (reason is there) to state it? BM
103a(38); XB'p ,17)3113 '713X (the animal) still
stands in its place BB 75b (48); xpir mn '713'X he
was still a young man San 14a(21); IW IB1? TDK
ye?71 IB^l according to one there are still six
(qabs) and according to the other there are nine
Er 82b(44); X'JJVT '31? 'b 'ya'B '713X1 but I still
need (this verse) according to what is learnt ...
Yev 68b(5); BM lla(35); Yev 4b(21); So?
46a(21); BQ 29b(51); //«/ 63b(4); Ara 9a(5); b.
w. negation: .Tr?'y Tllb'SX xb'n X*7 '713'X the
period of mourning has not yet taken effect for
him MQ 23b(23); Xin X*7 VOX 'BIT 'BT he had not
yet seen short days AZ 8a(26); Sab 107b(ll);
<n'){l}JWia p(1)(')B: x"7 '713X1 they have not yet
left his possession BQ 76a(24); Pes 7b(31); Ket
41a(41); Sot 19b(40); Tern 27a(27); Anan 21:14;
ib. 56:23; HP 114:21
Y: TON SeA 88a(55).
nVn, nV'X conj. but, only (< Kb ]X; 4- l#x"?'X,
lX^'X, X1?; Sy rdW LS 20, Ma lttxby MD 350)
1. but, rather: a. alone: n"n '1 '3X711 XH xVx but
that which PN learns San 28a(30); Zev 36a(26);
Nid 13a(35); "lB'B1? "r> 71'X 'XB x"?X but what do
you have to say? Sab 144b(6); Pes 84b(23); X*7X
T3yX '3',1 but how should I act? Qid 71b(29);
nnro xo"n nivr x"?x wraia xjx ix1? it was not
I who wrote it, but PN, the tailor, wrote it BB
164b(31); HtiW X3'^3 X^'X iyD3 x"?l UWa X1?
XJiaVlP XTiyiai not in negligence, nor in error, but
with a sound and sober mind SSSad 175:13; b. w.
fol. subordinate clause: IBTl'X '3,1 IBJl'X 'X if it
was said, it was said in this manner Sab 3 9b (16);
Yom 28a(5); X'Wp Xn X'Pp 'X X"7X but if it is
difficult, this is difficult Er 45a(13); 130 'X x"?X
Wpb WIS rb but if he agrees with PN Ket
35b(16); n,I7 "?'3X1 7I"B 'B^'l X*?X but perhaps
(the locust) will die and he will eat it Sab
K3b>N
133
'pilVN
90b(34); Er 104a(45); Gi( 35a(33); X71X '3 x"?X
'ax ]'31 but when PN came he said Sab 76a(17);
'I'Vs '3 xVx but they only differ ... Pes 31a(2);
Yev 104b(20); XJB'T n3}711 Tin'TI x"71 '3'n '3 xVx
'JTinX but so that she should not collect again at
another time BM 18a(18); 01' 'aims 13 xV'X
rf?'ai 'raw but when the eighth day of
circumcision falls ... Anan 77:2; 2. in seq.
xVx ... D'Wi6 only: may 'r3 x"?x iVsa nn x1?
they used to pray only between the pillars (of the
synagogue) Ber 30b(13); x"7X X'V'1? '13'X X^>
Xnrw"? the night was created only for sleep Er
65a(33); XWan x"7X H3 X1W xV he sowed only five
(measures of seed) in it BM 56b(42); X"?X pax x"7
nra 'plSX1? we said (this) only when it is to her
disadvantage [lit. (in a case of) taking
(something) away from her] San 28b(17); n,!7 D'1?
Xlfil nyWJl xVx he has only nine (sheep) and it
BM 6b(2i); pnxi nsa "?y xV'x f's mnaV xVi so
that the headplate should only be on Aaron's
forehead Anan 10:21; xV'X 'Ta DW H'3 pay X1?
n'3'a XTO'a they do not do anything in it except
to wash from it ib. 34:21; 49:23; 68:3; 103:29; X*7
'yplpB'a X"?'X X'3} she only collects (her
ketubba) from landed property HP 103:31; ib.
166:3; 3. in var. phrases: a.... Ii6 k!?K hence [lit.
but is it not ...]: W"M X3'X ^Jin lX^ x"7X hence
they differ with respect to a cat [lit. but is it not
a cat which is between them?] Sab 51b(38); b.
... 'xa kVk but what...?: mnn mnn 'xa x"?x
]TH but what is Targum? Our Targum [i.e. the
authorized one of Babylonia] Qid 49a(37); x"?X
m'Dliy 'Xa but what is their extra measure? BB
88b(25); la'B1? •(? D'X 'Xa X*7X but what do you
have to say? BQ 66b(12)
Lit: Satzlehre 276+; Y: kVx Yom 13b(5).
K3"?N n.m. (uncertain) sg. Bo 53:3
jVN vb. to stammer (metath. < VlX1? [4- *Jxb];
Ma J^X MD 19) Pe.: H'W'Va r'jX (the child)
used to stammer in his speech Hag 15b(8; Oxf,
Ms. 2826.31)
Lit: M. Kister, Ros Vol 434.
NrfrN, NH^'N n.m. God (4- 'rfr'X D'3; TA XH?X
TODt 33:26, Sy rfci^ LS 21, Ma xnx"?X MD
18) a. sg. God of Israel: 1) in statements by
non-Jews: TOpl^T 'X1VTH Xn"?X TVmvb x"?T
xria (let them scatter my ashes) so that the God
of the Jews should not find me [lit. him] and
bring me [lit. him] to court (in judgment) Git
56b(46); Meg 13b(41); n'3t'W1 X3T Xrfrx 13"n
XJSlDa mb this is the great God who saved Noah
from the flood San 96a(15); Xai XnVx"? ti?V
well-being to the great God ib. 47 [v. Da 2:45];
49; XIH X3X31 13'rfrx your God is a thief ib.
39a(4); 16; 39; lS'rfrx1? Xan1? niasn xrya I want
to offer food to your God Hul 60a(6); ib.
59b(42); 'My TXai Xnbx God of PN, answer me
AZ 18a(54); ib. 18b (3); 2) in magic texts: sg.
XW'ip Xn"?X the holy God Bo 18:5; xrf?X1 n'BW'3
X3"l in the name of the great God ib. 7:4; 8:4;
Xin Xb'mi Xia'l xan xrfrx He is the great, strong,
and fearsome God ib. 31:12; 96:8; xnVxi H'OTD
God's throne ib. 18:7; b. pagan god: sg. n"Vp
X1133 WTbvfr he burnt his god in fire San
93a(34); pi. '13H 'nVx 1'D'W sixty male gods Bo
21:8; /& 46:4; 'n"?'X1 n3T XT'TX Xnja DN, the
great one of the gods ib. 78:3; c. sg. in phrase
Xrf?xa by God!: 131? M'JO Xn'jxa by God! I hate
you [i.e. the Babylonians] Yom 9b(41)
This word is rare in BT and is used esp. by non-Jews. The term
generally used by Jews is 4- XJUIVl; Y: WrfrK Meg 13b(41;
BAYTN 47).
xmi^N 4- xnV'x n.
Vl^>K n.m. Elul, the twelfth month (< Akk Elulu
AIOA 115; Sy Acd(j)rc' LS 20, Ma VlVy MD
351) sg. blVx"? n'V 'laya xaV'T perhaps they will
add a day to Elul Bes 6a(5) // ib. 22b(3); RH
19b(12); 'jl'jXX 'psn 11'31 since (the messengers)
go out concerning Elul ib. 11; nWJll VlVxi 'TD
the fruits of £/m/ and 7ii« Bek 38b(56); X"?3T 'HT
"?lVxi *nx the months of the kalla are ^4cfar and
Elul ISGF 87:5; ib. 119:15
Y: W?X «// ib.
Dlb>K 4- D'^X adj.
[NSai^N 4- X3Jr? n.]
n.m. sedan chair (etym.
uncertain) sg. 'nn1? in1? 'ansa nn xidit *iai nana
'pllbxa KVim xnawa they used to carry PN and
PN2 together on their shoulders in a sedan chair

"t ns'Vn
134
t<n>bt<
t ■ ~:
on the Sabbath of the rigla Bes 25b(41); ib. 39;
40
Lit: Geig, AAC 27, suggests: < MP abrang splendor CPD 4.
Shaked, Irano-Aramaica 172, rejects this deriv. on phonetic and
semantic grounds and suggests either *ulenaq/*alvanaq < Olr
*eredva-na-ka that which is held or lifted up or *eredva-nai-ka
that which carries while being raised; Y: 'gllty Bes ib.(BAYTN
211).
"T N3'V«, "3'V« 4 XT'?
adj. strong, thick, compelling,
authorized (4- Vtftx, XXna'Vx, D^X adj.; Ma
XS'Vy MD 351; cf. Sy ^ 4,. V v youth LS 528)
1. strong, powerful: sg.m. 13J D'VxT Vd whoever
is stronger prevails (in a case which cannot be
judicially decided) Git 60b(38) // BB 34b(7);
pl.m. O'jnra 'fc'Vx mpT are vegetables more
powerful than seeds (in extracting nourishment
from the ground)? Pes 39b(5); 2. thick: a. alone:
sg.m. '"?5?n '3D xVrDa D'^Xi mm the thicker the
paint-stick, the better it is &A 151b(49); b.
* pp, «K>p: sg.m. Sab 134a(32) [an infant]; BQ
55a(25) [a camel's neck]; Bek 40b(16) [tail of a
kid]; f. xV 'ratoa "?3X 'xiropa ^'a 'am this
refers to a thin (needle), but with a thick one it is
not so Hul 48b(36; V11) [V12: Tittup]; pl.m. XpT
'HJ'^X 'J'SB 'rtjp «pff» he pulls out the thin
(onions) from among the thick ones BM 89a(21);
■'frx "i-nx1? 'ai'jx 'ran Top V'Bp V'pir; he
prunes the thin (branches) from among the thick
ones to improve the condition of the trees MQ
10b(25; Sidra 9 158:8); Sab 105a(34) [threads;
4 V2#ino pe., mng. 2]; BQ 119b(5); Men
38b(28); BB 69a(21) [reeds]; Hul 76a(32) [bunch
of sinews]; f. Xntt'^Xl Xn XXirtspa XH this (refers)
to the thin (teeth of the comb and) that to the
thick ones Yev 43a(23); 3. compelling, valid,
effective: sg.m. PHX Tira1? "inim "?p Q'^X 'a is an
a fortiori argument compelling to reject a rival
wife? ib. llb(52); Ket 14a(26); TOV ran |JrDWI
103 TO p 'DUX HB33 D^X we have found that the
effect of (purchase by means of) a writ is more
compelling in many ways than the effect of
(purchase by means of) money TGHark 276:34;
Geon 163:8; f. p'jnaa XH XH'^X 'a is this
(barraita) more valid than our Mishna? Er
89b(8); Yom 80a(43); BM 34a(43); Ara 20b(14);
"IB/pX^ TVb xa,!?X "JJia it is more compelling for
him to raise a contradiction to our Mishna (from
another one) BM 18b(25); XIDBH XJl^a xa'bx
the matter of the document is valid Ket 101b(43);
pl.m. "pi pa 'a^x rvnnm xia'a^ is that to say
that (the law of) ritual purity is more effective
than that of libated wine? AZ 70b (20); Zev
97a(49); VTXiV 'JHO 'a'^XT O'TJ? valid witnesses
can impair the validity of a document BB
154b(33); 4. authorized: sg.f. TO flT Xa'Vx 'a
X1? 'X Vftv VI'X .Tl»^ .T3X is she authorized like
her father [lit. is her hand authorized like the
hand of her father] to designate an agent or not?
Qid 44b (13); pl.m. Xiiaa 'jnpSX1? 'D^X XH '3 a
court is authorized to confiscate money BB
171a(l); G/?36b(26)
Lit: S. Abramson, LeSonenu .19 [1954] 66+; Voc: U^k HGP
lb:6; Y: D'Vx BQ 55a(25; BAYTN 53).
NfflS'VN n.f. violent manner (4 D'^X, D^X; cf.
Sy r^&VvJsxjJLi- youthful vigor LS 528) sg. ]X»
rmra waV wb tdx rnsn ma xjh n'1? ma
XJTlB'^xa it is forbidden for one who has a legal
case with another to deal with him in a violent
manner Seel 2:2
]'^N 4 p'X pron.
adj. narrow (VpX pe., pass.part; Sy
k'^IAk' LS 23, Ma p>N MD 21, s.v. px) sg.f.
X<n)X'Vx xriDH a narrow place TGHark 159:24
NH'Vk, pi. Nn"^>N n.f. animal's fat tail, ear
flap (TA xfj'^X TO Ex 29:22, Sy rehLAr? LS
21, Ma l#xn'^X, 2#Xrrt>X tail fat, ear flap MD
20) 1. animal's fat tail: sg. n'n'^Xl ?T3"m n'3Pa
its skin, fat, and fat tail Hul 127a(29) [metaph.
usage indicating totality of the populace]; BM
69a(22); pi. VT'JT^X pwb Hbt '3T1 '3 so that
their [i.e. the rams'] tails should not become
infected Sab 54b(22); XHX'VxS V'DXT one who
eats animals' tails Pes 114a(8); XTl'VxT XDIl the
bone of the animal's fat tail [i.e. the pelvis] HG3
156:39; 2. ear flap: sg. 'XTirmi xail XJTIN rfra
nb@p,'wi xnysT xrVra xnaa yaw i3i xjrbx rfrn
yaw1? xbi p'rro miixa rfr'jr^i xxr'r'x fib
Xll'Jl b'BJI the whole ear is bone and its bottom
part is the flap, so that when a man hears a word
of grievance, he should take that flap and put it
K3i03^K
t : ~ "
135
chx
into his ear so that he should not hear and a
quarrel will occur Geon 240:9 [cf. Ket 5b(8)+]
In light of the Geonic passage, the separation of the entries in
MD 21 into WRIpVk [incorrectly glossed 'upper part'] and
2#XJVI7X should be corrected; Voc: KJV^S HGP 27b:16; Y:
RntyPes 114a(8; BAYTN 181).
JOiop7K n.m. diagonal (< Xo£6v Lehnw 54;
MH fioa^x ib.) sg. nm xnax xyiana xnax bo
XJlOS^xa 'Win the diagonal in every square of (a
side of) one cubit, is one and two-fifths cubits Er
57a(22) // ib. 76b(7) // Sulc 8a(8) // BB 101b(9);
ib. 102a(20); TGAs28 206b:21
Y: MTOsVx Er ib.(BAYTN 306).
adj. of Alexandria (nisbe-form
< GN 'AA,E^av8pia Lehnw 56; Sy
rdi^ < w >v W PSm 209) sg.f. xmiio^x naip
Alexandrian gum Arabic Sab 110a(46; Oxf.,
c.27, 13)
V?N 4 V?"?J7 vb.
*6Vn I xVVix n.
KTbbx i xnVty n.
dVn vb. to grow thick (4- Xa"71X, D'^X, Xma'Vx,
d?H adj.; cf. Sy >i_i. pa. to be youthful LS 528)
Pe. (u/ ): BlVxi xVpH a (thin) date palm and it
grew thick BB 124a(20; Geon 61:20); ib. 135b(7;
V22)
Pa. 1. to support, strengthen: vbpb rpa^X 'HTW
he greatly strengthened the (previous) report Yev
25a(26); n'ri^'a1? xaVx 'aib'X he greatly
strengthened his matter Qid 43a(44); ]33n HinVx
"7V3T XniSyB?1? the scholars strengthened the
husband's control (over his wife) Ket 59b(12) //
Ned 86b(4) // BQ 90a(3); Yev 56a(10); 2. to
overpower: \Tbpb H'1? D'Vx 'DH iVsXI even so
(his cry of pain) overpowered their sound BM
85a(ll; SM 66:24); p,1 ir fraVx the evil
inclination overpowered him Sab 156b(36)
Itpa. to be robust: D^X'XI D'jn (the thigh) came
together and became robust BB 74b (20; M)
Lit: Abramson, BB 146:675, note [thematic vowel of pe.].
D?N, DS7N adj. violent, powerful, n.m. violent
or powerful person (4 D'^X) I. adj. violent:
sg.m. XVI XaVx Vm he is a violent person BM
39b(34); Hul 39b(43); xaxVx TGAs28 24b:7; X1?
Sin xax'rXI rvb Xfyy I cannot cope with him
because he is violent SSSad 260b:6; II. n. violent
or powerful person: sg.m. xaxVx Xliin MQ
17a(56); ib. 17b(3); pl.m. inVlD1?! "ft XJ'H '3H
"pin 'aVx so do I judge you and all violent
people like you BM 39b(37) // Ket 27b(38);
X7TD^»3 l^m •>mbK powerful people who are
connected with the government TGAs42 23:21
Voc: VBiH VTM 92; Y: KoVx Ket 3b(39; BAYTN 231).
N»Vn conj. why (< naV + "X; Ma 3# XH^X MD
21) pna 31 'ax xabx why does PN say ...? BB
29a(8); Pes 30b(5); Sg 116a(10)
NttVK adv. therefore (etym. uncertain) '3/T xa"?X
therefore, (the dead) know (what goes on here)
Ber 18b(38); ]ynn X1? xa"7X therefore, we do not
make a decree Suk 9b(21); X3T n30p xa"?X
therefore, PN is of the opinion ... Ket 2b(16);
TOT! '»rx 'J?1S xaVx therefore, people do pay
(a loan) on the same day (that the loan was made)
BM 17a(40); Tan 5b(33); MQ 16b(19); BB
71a(22); San 45a(13); AZ 9a(6); Nid 13a(52);
/5GF 24:7; ib. 35:8; /4nan 29:7; i& 51:23;
AnanEps 286:20
Geon. expl.: '131 H3 ]N3 1|? 'Kl '131 '13 )13' t[? 'K LPT 146:17;
Lit: Bacher 64; Y: KD7N 7bn 5b(33; BAYTN 388).
NVaVx, '^« conj. if... indeed, if... not (MH2
VXVaVx J 72; cf. JPA X/'blV'X DJPA 49) 1. w. fol.
vb. if... indeed: "O Xlp 'XIT? inx H'lffm 'I7a,7''X
XDn Hb n'in3@T3 3py if PN had indeed
expounded this verse according to PN2, his
sororal grandson, he would not have sinned Qid
39b(47); irv>s "ity 'vrn n'aan1? nnu x'ra1?^
xa1?'^ if they had indeed lashed PN, PN2, and
PN3 they would have worshiped the idol Ket
33b(22); Er 13b(17); Meg 7a(43); ^Z 13b(37);
2. w. fol. n. if... not: pnoi xanpyi xxpiy xVa^xi
Xaty D"pna mn X1? ^Oa"? rcb if it were not for
the stinger of Scorpio which 'stings' Orion, the
world could not exist Ber 58b(53); Meg 3a(32) //
MQ 28b(33); Meg 13a(l); Sot 21a(38); Hul
92a(44)
Lit: Satzlehre 276; AAC 26; on the pos. and neg. usages of this
word in both H and A texts, v. the many exx. quoted in BY
2501, where the etym. is also discussed; Y: '^D^X Ber 6a(5).
0VK, oVy vb. to bite, bite off (metath. < Vdj?"7;

*)bx
136
nn^N
Ma 2#0!7X pa. to bite MD 21, Sy .m \ \ pe., pa.
to bite, eat LS 369) Pe. (a/ ): XV D^KT XIW Xinn
XplJ'l a certain ox which bit off a child's hand
BQ 84a(44); 'b 5^31 "? <D){0}'Vx 'S3 3T PN used
to bite it off and swallow it Git 70a(38); '38
,-|":p .T1? <D)(D}'to< from the time that he bites it,
he acquired possession of it Ket 30b(26); TPObyi
m'tPJl let him bite it [i.e. the gall bladder] and
throw it away Ber 44b(26) [Var: XIB/'ai oV'D T-S
Fl,l 111; v. VTM 26]; Kill D"?X r?'BX even if he
bit a palm branch (it is considered as if he ate)
Seel 185:49
Expl. Ar: TOODW 05^1183 oton OHP BQ 145:29.
*]^>*C vb. to teach, elucidate (4- V*)^', X3D^D; Sy
cidrf' LS 22, Ma ^X MD 21)Pa. 1. to teach:
IS^: '»VD T,3'B pSJI the one who comes out of
you [i.e. your son] will teach you understanding
Yev 63a(45); Xip'tf msbx did they teach her a
lie? Yev 116b(12; O2); pii ]b *)'!?' let our master
teach us Geon 45:8 [= MH U1T ma1?' TanhA
passim]; ib. 231:18; rG-4^2 79b:23; pDl^X1?
miXB "73 'B?'1? to teach the Jews all the
commandments Anan 22:13; ib. 20; 23; 26; 23:5;
XniP-in1? '«nn XD^a X'n she teaches witchcraft to
the sorceresses Bo 90:4; ib. 91:3; 12? "?3 n'5?3 DX1
TTm na -|m I'1?' X'a©3i if you want any angel
in heaven to teach you what is in his control HM
45:16; 2. to elucidate a biblical passage [caique
< Mina"? pi. J 712]: KnpaV -ov i3p •'trbxb to
elucidate (from) "13$ (of the Nazirite [Num 6:3]
to) "DP of the Temple [Lev 10:9] Naz 4a(7);
D2tt nx "yiOSib .TBl'jxV to elucidate (the law) of
one who curses God Pes 93b(8); Nid 19b(22); 3.
pass.part. accustomed, used to [Sy ■» V •»■ PSm
213]: xnna Xb '"?3n XbVBt (a woman) who is
accustomed to bereavements is not ashamed (of
additional ones) Ket 62a(27)
Lit: Eps, Stl 91 [mng. 2]; on XJB^X Anan 72:7, v. Harkavy, ib.\
17N n.m. alef, the first letter of the alphabet
(Sy isAk' LS 22) sg. -piXXl ^X iVx the two
successive alefs [lit. alef alef] of ^"l-tXX [Is 45:5]
Sab 103b(24); Sot 31a(5) [4- IS1?]; BMsN 32:24
Y: -y^X &6 ib.
n.m. alphabet, alphabetic
acrostic (Sy K'di i-a *°k_W LS 22) 1. alphabet:
sg. xraxp xa^jra xn'3 xsVx 3W31? I said: "Let
him merely write the letters of the alphabet" BB
168b(26); Ber 4b(36); 2. alphabetic acrostic: sg.
XniJim '"7'Bl Xn'3 ^X an alphabetic acrostic or
words of a liturgical expansion (of a fixed prayer)
OHTBer 33:19
Y: n'3 >]Vn .Ber ib.
NS^i* num. thousand (TA I'B^X pi. TO Ex
38':29, Sy rdiAr<' LS 22, Ma XD"?X MD 21) sg.
XBVXX XB^X X'lm XnB a town which is
1,000x1,000 (cubits) Er 56b(31); 'Onsi XS"?X
1,000 parasangs Pes 94a(13); 'Tit XflVx 1,000
zuzim Ket 91b(4); BM 82a(14); nxap HSbn the
first thousand (years) AZ 10a(10); XB"?X T\W the
year 1,000 (of the Seleucid Era) iSGF 105:11; pi.
'B^X 'inx 'B^X 'in 2,000x2,000 (cubits) £r
56b(14); 'J» 'S'jX XJl'W 6,000 years &« 97a(53);
'Tail 'B^X IDgWBn 15,000 cubits Suk 53b(9);
'TaVn 'Jit 1'S^X '3nxi pt£/y 24,000 pairs of
students Ned 50a(23); 'S"D 'B'bttf 'sVx ,1X8
100,000 (soldiers) with drawn swords Git
57a(23); 5e£ 8b(31); 1'S^X 'B'PX ^XB in one of
countless thousands San 39a(37)
Y: XB^X Ber 6a(8; BAYTN 330).
XDSpIN n.m. high Persian dignitary
(< Peh hlgwpt chief of taxes Gignoux 23, MPar
hrkpty ib. 52; Ma xnX3Xpnx MD 39, JPA D3ipnx
DJPA 77, Pal MiTX PAT 343, DNWSI 103, Sy
rdV^-VK LS 921> PSmSuP 34> Gr
dpKandTT|<; L-SSup 50, (Lpyani%-\\c„ L-S 235) sg.
xmVj em xosp^xi xV'stti xsVb the king, the
r.-official, the '.-official, and the exilarch Svu
6b(3i); ib. 29; rb r\b 'nx xnn T3 ppj xMp'rx
the '.-official took me by my hand, (and) the
smell (of power) came to my hand Zev 96b(4;
V") [C: XBBpnX]
Lit: O. Szemerenyi, Aclr 5 [1975] 367+; Geig, AAC 27; Tel 15;
Beer, BE 2639; XM^X Svu 6b(31).
ITbX, irby adv. immediately (< "MX by [cf.
MaSxnx by on the spot MD 42]; 4- XinX) xmiX^
~)T\bx 'nmxV XJ'3n inV XIK; PN permitted them
to smell (it) immediately at night Er 40a(14);
H'by jVs irbx he was immediately at variance
with him San 110a(13); Git 76b(3; V18); Tarn
32b(19); ]J'3n3 nnVx we write (the subpoena)
"\rbtf?
137
NJTtjaaN
immediately HP 81:28; Seel 130:37(Var);
OHT Ber 76:9; TGHark 108:21; ib. 170:18;
TGAs28 76:5; TGAs42 57:26; /5GF 111:13; ^'tXl
XTl'XI nxnVx mm 3'D31 he may go and marry
a proselyte immediately after she has converted
OHP Yev 270:17; HM 45:22; inVy So 72:9
Voc: nff?X HGP 24a:25; Lit: Eps, Stl 126; S. Friedman,
Lesonenu 58 [1994] 50+.
- "IFlV^V adv. immediately (< -\rbx + 'b; i Xin;
JudA inx by MGitK 3:3; cf. Sy m^uoca A^
immediately PSm 836, Ma finsna, hnDll1? MD
104) Qip'Vl nn^X1? n'pDS'Vl let him stop it
immediately and get up Ber 25a(5); ~\rbxb lVll
they will immediately go into exile San 7a(13);
xrnnwa 'xi xts'i 'inV nn'jx'? o'n nria1? xroa 'x
XD'i 'lnV inVxV xrnx xbi tst 'j'n'jn xsn if I
reach overseas let it immediately be a (valid) get.
If I remain here thirty days and do not come, let
it immediately be a (valid) get Git 76b(12); ib.
39; BQ 112b(42); xVl Xmtoa XIB'3 XjV'pitf 'XT
•\r\bxb '»1 X13'n' if I take meat from a butcher
and do not pay him immediately Yom 8 6a (3 2);
'on a'H'i iai -\rbxb n"ai yr mn 'xt if he knew
that he would die, he would have immediately
decided to give the get Ned 27b(l); mrS"l«ft
~\T\bxb let him burn them immediately Men
46b(26); Sab 117b(48); Pes 56a(ll); Ned
7b(17); Qid 38a(2); BQ 112b(43); BM 50a(4);
BB 29a(13); ,4Z37a(19); Tern 29b(2); xnw'33 "731
•\T\bxb n'3 n'ai»n ijt nn'ns wb x'Tm every
congregation which sees this decree of
excommunication should immediately
excommunicate (him) by means of it Dec 3:13
Y: -Vb*) Ber 25a(5; BAYTN 332).
adv. immediately (cf. Sy ro<ki><r>n «i»
immediately LS 152, mng. 5) n'l^'y'niTTi n"?n
"inVxa the Naziriteship took effect upon him
immediately Ned 4a(5); ib. 3b(24); ]xnv
nnVx'a ^Xl©'1? 'aiM'X^ they are permitted to be
married to Jews immediately HP 143:6(HPP
224:19); ib. 82:10
Lit: S. Friedman, LeSonenu 58 [1994] 49+; Voc: "iflws HGP
17a:4; Y: TTfrxn Ned ib.(BAYTN 332).
DN conj. if, whether (JudA DX JDS3 10:10,
MKetK 4:8, TA DX TO Lev 1:10 [and passim],
BH OX HAL 58) a. in BT: 11H f?2m nn'X DX if
it is (so) that they are spices ... Bes 14a(27); DX
•'irfb rbsi nn'X if it is (so) that he differs, let
(the Tanna) learn (it) g/c/49a(31); Er 9b(21); Pes
10b(35); BM 80b(4); AZ 33a(13); 1SS3 Tin DX
ma' jbm if an ox can die in the morning in snow
San 18b(37); Ara 22b(31; HP 121:18); b. in
Geon. texts: mina x"?3x xn:n3 xnn'x xd'x dxi if
there is a priest's daughter she may consume the
priestly gifts HP 43:27; p Xl'JS byo niXT DXI
Xnxn if (the business deal) is profitable he takes
half of the profit ib. 49:24; 66:4; 201:11; c. in
magic texts: x:'T n'3 p xi3i nxasV n'j?3 dx if
you want to release a man from prison HM 42:1;
ib. 43:4; 9; 45:18; n3pil DX 13T DX whether male
or female Bo 13:5; ib. 52:5; 109:4
Since this word is also extremely common in TA but is
essentially not attested in the non-Jewish A dialects, the
assumption that it is a loanword from H is likely. The reason
for its use alongside the more typical 'K is unclear. Lit:
Kutscher, Studies 52 [Heb]; Y: OX Er 9b(21).
'N!3N conj. why (< 4- l#'Xtt + "X; 4- mb r\ab\ Ma
IBx' MD 22) a. alone: Sab 48a(9); Suk 52a(14);
Yev 119a(10); BQ 35b(43); BB 71b(6); Tarn
26b(26); Anan 41:17; ib. 63:2; 97:10; 'XBX1 BQ
91a(39); BB 172b(18); Ara 27b(15); Kb 'XBX
why not? Naz 8a(27); Git 29a(14); AZ 6b(37); b.
w. fol. non-verbal phrase: 'XH '"?13 'XBX why all
this? Ber 49a(40); BM 85a(38); San 75a(13); c.
w. fol. verbal phrase: 'X13X n3n' 'XBX why are
you sitting outside? Ber 18b(47); p'nw 'XBX why
was he silent? RH 15b(22); Bes 6a(16); Yev
39b(21); BM 22a(40); Svu 30a(52); AZ 4a(38);
Hul 107b(33)
Lit: Eps, Stl 76, 106 [usage a]; Voc: 'X6S HPP 39:19; Y: 'XBX
RH 15b(22; BAYTN 336).
NniaaX, KniaaN n.m. crowd, multitude (< MP
*ambuh [cf. NP anbuh multitude PED 104]) sg.
nnra 'nx mm xmsax 'tn mn '3 whenever he
saw a crowd that was following him Yom 87a(3)
// San 7b(32); Tan 24b(17); 'TBD1 Xni3ax a
multitude of teachers Suk 55a(22)
Lit: Tel 16; XriiaSX Yom 87a(3; BAYTN 245).
Nn'paaN n.f. bathtub (< euPcnf] Lehnw 59;
MH 'D5ax Yeivin, BV 1070) sg. Sab 40b(43)

t t ; -
138
2#T»N
NT3J3N, N733N n.m. storehouse, granary
(< Mir *ambar [cf. MP hambar CPD 40]; Sy
k't-SW h^=> LS 24, > Arab jlil Fr, AF
136, PLAr 27) sg. XTOm X73BX wine storehouse
Ket 105a(37; MGE 539:6) [V': NT<2)0}3K
XTom]; pi. naiX imiD1? Wbp lap they went
(and) burnt all of the granaries Git 56a(31; MGD
626:25)
Lit: Geig, AAC 30; Tel 17; Y: T3D& Ket ib.(BAYTN 213).
NTimpN n.m. nut (perh. < Mir *amgdz [> Armen
engoiz Hiibsch, AG 133]; Ma XTUJX MD 25; cf.
BH TUX HAL 10, Peh goz walnut CPD 37, Sy
K'i'cO^, rc'&io-J^LS 108) sg. Sab 109b(20); Anan
87:8; ib. U;HG1 95:49; XTUBX 7IJP1W about the
size of a nut Git 69a(39); ib. 41; ubsi 'mBX(3>{3)
XT11BX about (the size of) one and a half nuts [lit.
a nut and half a nut] ib. 59a(29); XT1J8X '3 XT3JH
(the phylactery) is made (round) like a nut Meg
24b(42) // Men 35a(39); xmBXTI XiXBim XXffiVp
the peel/shell of a pomegranate or a nut HP
36:16; XTUBXi XriP'B nut oil Anan 85:20; HM
40:1; pi. Hul 59a(8); [31 X13] 7\b XtfpnpB mn
X3p,1?3 'max XTOn PN's daughter used to rattle
nuts in a bowl (against demons) Ber 62b(29; G§
96:17); 'max XJl'^B XJX I shall distribute nuts
(to the children) BM 60a(40) // BB 21b(25); Yom
84b(34; Ar [AC 8:21]) [4 V3#tf3K; pa.]; 5e£
30a(5); 'max nVy mxia1? xsxi xxirnp x'btb my
father's bald head seems suitable for breaking
nuts upon it Ber 10b(10; MGL 588:23); '713X1
TUBX Anan 72:2
Lit: Geig, AAC 30; LS 108, w. lit.; Low, Flora 2:29+; ISK 89;
Y: XjiaaX Ber 10b(10; BAYTN 245).
NBhJBN n.m. magian priest (< OP magus HAp
130; 4-' XXltflJBX, 2# XTJrt; Sy rdicOyJw LS 374,
Ma X"Xl£mXB pi. MD 238; MH2 '©UBX J 75) sg.
J'DXm r'XB"" J7T x"?l XPllBX ]'DX7 the magian
priest mumbles (a charm) and does not know
what he is mumbling Sot 22a(7); XtfUBX X1.T1
XX17J7B B'718 Xp mm a certain magian priest who
was exhuming (bodies) from a (burial) cave BB
58a(18); San 39a(29); Yom 35a(2) // Hul
62b(34); pi. 'EHIBX '"?D3 '771' 'VtJ3 'X if the
haughty cease to exist (among the Jews), the
magian priests will cease to exist (among the
Persians) San 98a(37) // Sab 139a(24); IB'pjXIXl
'PUBX*? 'XT1.T '<J)3 the Jewish children were
taken by the magian priests iSGS 97:9
Geon. expl.: Win 'J'JX pi nOJ inn» 0"cnB l^X OHT Sab
141:12; Lit: Geig, AAC 30; Tel 18; Y: XVUQK Yom 35a(2;
BAYTN 242).
Nfl#W»K n.f. magianism (4- XEhJBX; Sy
pc'&o-xJcl^c* LS 374) sg. Sab 75a(6)
[explained ib. as blasphemy (4- XB1TA) or sorcery
(4 'Bnn)]
Geon. expl.: jan 1'wusnw naiai Vx ^yaw fieto njnun nti
1'xiy bip I'X'xia [xbx] d,tb3 -m vx'xib pxi ppjvro jjniyo
p^a nwyni JTia'yn imnn OHP Sab 34:4, i.e. i-ijij recitation
of prayer of Zoroastrians [v. Greenfield, Finkel Vol 658].
p!3K 4 pa adv.
1#7DN vb. to estimate, appraise (< Akk
(imitta) emedu to assess the amount of a tax CAD
E 142 [< PS *'md], AIOA 49; 4 XJTB1X, XTiaX,
Tax) Pe. (e/) 1. to estimate, guess: nTTBXT ma
'BV X'JBXlV if, for instance, they estimated his
(period of recovery) at eight days Yom 84b (17);
Git 12b(22); Mak 22b(21); p'TBX TB'8 ]3K "?'i
"7'3pa 'XB Xs? 'XI ... ^'3pa 'XB 'X perhaps we
indeed gauge whether he can accept (the corporal
punishment) or not BQ 84a(25); ib. 85b(36);
91a(32); Tmax 'am I estimated you(r
willingness to give) for such (an amount) Bek
61a(35) // Ket 100a(14); 7\b Tax Xm IX1? 'X
TPVSJb if he had not gauged himself ... Ned
8b(16); n'JTax we did not estimate him Ket
68a(51); lru'bxren irU'TPyi VirTfiXi pa if, for
instance, they estimated (the yield of the grain),
tithed it, and replanted it [i.e. the remainder] Men
70a(l); xm X^D'B*? X'XBI 7WS1 Xiax TB'B 'XT
nail ]'03T8 (the animal) certainly gauged well
for itself that it could jump down and its bones
would not break HP 202:12; 2. to appraise: XH
moy '3 .TITax a group of ten (men), in fact,
appraised him Ara 19b(46); ib. 20a(l); 20b(l);
pass.part. 'Xpl TBX XH he, in fact, remains
appraised ib. 20a(8)
Lit: Kut, Studies 407+ [Heb].
2# T»K vb. to submerge oneself (< Tfiy* [PS
*gmd]; 4 HXTiax, 'XTiaX 73; Sy x^i. LS 529,
Ma Taj; af. to baptize MD 352) Pe ( /u): mm'1?!
K#TT»K
139
t t ~:
xaty vrbrn ©'"7m 75? rrnxix iy x'a3 Dip'Vi
3<'){1}XT^1 pO'1?! Ta'Vl Xt'l1?'? let him go down (to
the river) and stand in the water until he is faint,
and let him submerge himself, ascend, and sit
down Git 67b(26; As); 0)71 X'B3 (T)(1}B'B!? 7*7X1
nma by X'B '(7){Ti35n iy he should submerge
himself in running water until the water runs over
all of him Anan 52:9
Lit: AAC 31; Eps, Stl 76.
stfnaN 4- xtfna n.
[NV78K (uncertain) XmBXi XJ11 'XH Sab
155a(ll; Ar [AC 1:115]) [M: xVtbx]
Geon. expl.: n»J>03 HJ'frD II GnK5 170:23. From the context a
form deriving from V^T is expected; cf. X'Vrai X1YI ib.(0).]
NXlinpN n.f. service of a maidservant
(4 l#XXiaX; Sy k'^oco.^k' LS 24) sg. HlpIS
XXlinax DB*1? they redeemed her for service as a
maidservant Git 38a(23; V16HP[Eps, Stl 66:25]);
i"&(26); mmnaX3 XTWa OHT Yev 39:12
K71MN n.m. estimate (4 Vl#7fiX) sg. l"73' x"?l
XTiaX 'XH 'bisp1? they could not accept this
estimate TGAs27 69:3
n*ni»N n.m. diver (4 V2#T0X ^oZ-form
+ gent, ending; Sy rtki^nS. diver LS 529) 4 73
'XTBX n.
KTl»N4 2#XTlBn.
N7iMN, pi. 'NliMN, '"TON n.m. speaker, Amora
(4 Vnax 9a.ro/-f0rm; 4 xaamxia; Sy rc'AojaarV
speaker, orator LS 26, JPA max DJPA 62) 1.
speaker (for a scholar giving an exposition or
discourse): a. general: sg. 3'X1' mn 'PX 3T 73 TOT
'tfx an 'ax 'an nniaxi na xsx 'ax vrx xpmss
PN b. PN2 was giving a public lecture. He said:
"My father, my master (said ...)," and his speaker
said: "Thus PN2 (said ...)" Qid 31b(46) [Ed.: mn
tf'Yt; cf.: naix xmaxm ©mm yor vrvtvw am
VXf? ExR 8:3]; XTiaX1? 'X1"X NiXlV XaVj? 'VlS TOX
'X1"X does everyone listen to the Tanna [i.e. the
transmitter of the Oral Law]? They listen to the
speaker Hul 15a(35); H'i'a n'maxV niBBE?'1? let
them remove his speaker from him ib. 84b(26; Ar
[AC 1:128]); pi. 'XTiaX To'Vxn em mn xnn st
PN was expounding with (the aid of) thirteen
speakers Ket 106a(22); b. w. Vmp: 1) pe.: sg.
W'TTI "by Xmax "Xpi XlD^a you will become the
head of the academic session, and a speaker will
stand beside you and expound Ber 56a(39; SM
141:24); MBnXlB '3Bn3 73 mifP "t "by 0'plX
XmBX3 H'^y Dp ©'pb O appoint PN, PN2's
expositor as your (speaker). He served as his
speaker San 7b(21); Yom 20b(15); 2) af.: sg. mn
©mi rrby XmBX pni 3T D'plX PN then placed a
speaker alongside him and expounded Er
16b(47); ib. 104a(27); Tan 8a(40); Git 43a(36);
BB 127a(17); San 44a(51); Zev 94b(18); vb 31
xii73» bi©b nnsn1? X3» xai'a n'^'j? xmax a'pia
PN did not appoint a speaker alongside him from
(the time of) the banquet until the next day
because of drunkenness Bes 4a(45) [+ //'s; 4 XBV
xat) mng. 2]; MQ 21a(24); c. w. the name of a
particular scholar: sg. XTOn 3m H'TIBX Yom
49a(4); 1.73X '71 H'TIBX Sot 40a(23); 2. Amora, a
scholar of the post-Tannaitic period who
developed the discussion in the Talmud: pi.
,73103 rPXTD 'a'p max in"?13 all the Amoraim
agree with him concerning the sukka Suk
45b(53); 'TT1X 'J'VST 'TB'X '7X11 "XaXl '7X1 two
Tannaim and two Amoraim who differ with each
other San 33a(19); Ber 49a(44); '7X1 H3 'J'^B
'2~\yai 'X71BX two Amoraim in Eretz Israel differ
regarding it Sab 21b(23); Ber 22a(46); ib.
22b(4); Meg 15b(44); 'X71BX ]*b*> X1? XXIX'JXIBTa
OCJirVD X1? '83 since the barraitot do not differ,
the Amoraim also do not differ BQ 14a(28); Hag
8b(23); Ket 57a(24); XS'^Xl l,TJ'i max XXiya©
\X\V 'm the legal tradition (is a difference of
opinion of) Amoraim and (both) according to PN
Men 52b(23); Sab 112b(18); Yev 16b(5); BB
129a(23); Svu 40b(12); Hul 34b(9); max
XXl'TiaiDT the Amoraim of GN San 17b(23); ]331
max Rabbis-Amoraim ISGF 43:3; ib. 55:19;
60:9; TGHark 126:27; OHT Suk 17:9; '"tt'l
'XmaXT (memorial) festivals of the Amoraim
OHT Yev 241:12 [4 X^l'T note]; 3. an official at
the Geonic court: pi. 'X7IBX1 'ISO pi the
scholars, scribes, and 'speakers' Dec 2:3
Lit: V Aptowitzer, JQR 4 [1913/4] 38 [mng. 3]; Y: X11DX Yom
20b(15; BAYTN 244).
ntniSS adj., n. Amorite (4 DXTIBX 73; BH '7BX
HAL 65) n., pl.m. 'X7IBXT xpTB Chapter of the

1B»K
140
i»k
(Practice of the) Amorites [= T§ab, ch. 6-7] Sab
67a(45; M); la'rn xnmpj in1? nay 'max wx
)ina the Amorites came, made hollowed out areas
(in the side of the mountain) for themselves, and
settled down in them Ber 54a(51)
Geon. expl.: °?y JVPIW lV» m':»B» X>X XVI O'TIBX fHBW (6
D'TIBX '3Y1 TRN 606;8; Lit: Lieb, TK 3:79; Y: IXliaK Ber
ib.(318)
"IBBN 11DX part., ^>H5BX conj.
w. suf. -niwaN prep, on account of,
conj. because (< VlDS + 'X; I U?X, VlD'B, W?D,
-JT? DWB; LJLA ^>1!5BX Weiss 307[Tg2Jb], Sy
A\,«*>, <i*\<r? LS 382, Ma blDi'BX MD 22)
I. prep, on account of: a. general: XT1T (^)IDBX
*p 13HX xVi on account of the z«z which they did
not give you Ber 56a(57; MGG 707:5); b. in
phrase '3.1 VlDBX on account of this: Pes 3 la(25);
Naz 25a(5); 50 71a(40); ib. 106b(2); ^Z 9a(9);
ATar 15a(34); TGHark 45:18; '3H +"?@1DBX Ned
29b(3); Svu 12a(5) [and commonly in Ed]; c. w.
suf.: xnxi xvi nai nnViuax x-itrai jryr yra
we really know that it rained because of you Tan
23b(20); rrnVraax xnvn noBa m xar ^3i they
were wasting (the meat of) an animal every day
because of him Ket 67b(19); Tp'Viai
n'Jl{')V@H:BX they light (the lamp) because of
him HG1 68:19; II. w. "7 conj. because: VltJBX
X3Wn<1> Xinxa '3JV1 because they dwell in a
place of darkness Zev 60b(26; V")
Lit: Geig, AAC 31; Eps, Stl 106; Y: "7W0K Zev ib.(BAYTN
336).
T!3N adj. wealthy (I Vl#lBX pe., pass.part.)
sg.m. Tax xVt xk?"b "a m xjyn I know that
PN is not wealthy Ket 85b(6); ib. 12; Gi(
52b(15); BB 8b(36); XVI TBX1 ff'J'X 'X JJ'Tn
XS031 X03 Jl'V 'Vl'aV we see if he is a person who
is wealthy enough to have a silver cup BQ
62a(35); ib. 117b(26); BM 108b(30); Svu
46b(2i); poa'B x^> rax xjwm J"yx (who can
say that) even though he is rich now, he will not
become poor TGHark 151:21; ib. 14; Ta'X ib.
99:34; f. TJTO XTaX 'X if your daughter is rich
BB 52a(8); pl.m. '3'3B1 H'BXl 'JB'nB 'ffXa'X
trustworthy, rich, and humble men TGHark 99:31
Y: T8N Ket 49b(23).
]♦»« n. Amen (< H ]BX HAL 62, J 77; Sy fj^rV
LS 25, Ma fax MD 22) sg.m. flo 30:2; i& 58:8;
rf?o rpa]x fax ib. 1:6
Nfl'SK n.f. darkness (< xjid'bx* < xrnray*; cf.
Sy k'&o-X,"-^ LS 530) sg. Bo 72:4
Lit: AMB 170.
xrhm i xrfravi n.
f »N, pj? vb. to close the eyes (< fay; 4- XXa'X;
Ma fax MD 22, Sy iJJ»-v LS 530, MH fay
LNVTH 266; 4- Vfya) Pe.: nns'ai fa'aV xma is
it permitted to close and open the eyes? Sab
108b(28; M) [O: fay'B1?]; WIS! fax ib. 38 [O:
fay]; nnsi fay Xpn Bes 22a(54); fB'B1? Seel
lll:10(ed.)[Var:faya,7ib.]
Lit: Eps, Stl 121; id., MNM 281; AAC 32. The citation in Ar
[AC 6:217): VtXl IT? f»y >Diy Xn<'>Vw XTn rf? 13m V3
everyone who saw her [i.e. the wife of On b. Peleth] stripped
naked would close his eyes and go away, is in JPA and hence
cannot derive from San 110a(l) as indicated by Koh ib. Note,
however, that fay is otherwise unattested in JPA. For another
quote from this interpolation, v. 1 V2# J10X.
NX»Ki2#XXB1Xn.
KJHS&K* n.m. middle, cs. only in:
- ySS!<a prep, in the middle of ... (I VyXB,
'yS'aa; MH y£a'*d Yeivin, BV 990) a. spatial:
XpO'S ysaxn in the middle of the section Pes
117a(50); iT03J y*BX3 XyiXT Xina a g.-measure
field in the middle of his property BM 108a(41);
b. temporal: .TjTr?X yXBX3 in the middle of his
prayer Ber 29a(47)
Y: ySBXS Pes ib.
"I»N vb. to say, recite, tell (4 3#XHB'X, xmax,
yatrai na'B, xna'B; Sy -ti**' LS 26, Ma i# nax
MD 23) Pe. (a/a,u), pf. lsg. nax Yom 81b(41);
nnax Kar 25b(38); nmax Sab 22a(14); 2m.
max San 95b(56); niriBX Er 41a(43); 3m. nax
Ber 56a(55); max San 112a(42); f. max Er
29b(42); lpl. pax Nid 17a(16); xnax Yev
39b(34); jrax Anan 16:12; AnanSch 5:16;
TGHark 40:32; 2m. fijnax ib. 158:30; 3m. max
Yev 103b(19); nnBX Yom 65b(16); imp. lsg. "1B1X
Ned 51a(13); Seel 37:109(Var); GC 68:8; TRN
565:10; 2m. IB'Jl Pes 104b(10); mB'Jl Hag
19a(12); 3m. "IB" BB 5b(ll); na'V HP 130:10;
lpl. nB'J BM 42a(48; HP 83:15); nna'i Pes
-|»N
141
-|»N
56a(24); TOnB'a Meg 21b(24); 2m. TIB'n AZ
1 la(3); ina'Tl 5fi 39a(4); 3m. TIB'1? Ket 92a(14);
Tia'i //ag 3b(26); imper. 2sg.m. ■na'X Pes
7a(35); n»'X Bes 8b(10); f. nax SAf 84b(l 1; Es);
2pl.m. na'X Bek 30b(35); inf. "la'a ^Z 58b(l);
na'aV 5e5 21b(13); Xna'D1? Svu 41b(32); part,
lsg.m. XilDX BB 33a(2; HP 121:23); f. xnax Bo
125:6; 2m. maxp Ket 104b(18); 3m. IBXp Anan
73:6; f. maxp Hul 110a(8); lpl. pnaxp BQ
55a(16); 2m. imax Git 57b(9); 3m. naxp Hag
17b(12); f. pax MQ 28b(ll); pass.part. sg.m.
Tax Geon 271:3; Anan 20:9; T»'X TGHark
33:3; f. XTax ib. 268:30; XTa'X ib. 50:12; pl.f.
p'ax Geon 266:13; Anan 47:2; p'fc'X TGHark
45:21; w/o final r: pf. 3sg.m. Xax Anan 21:19;
SeelG [v. Eps, Stl 100]; pr1? X&X =] H'Vax ^na«
34:8; TGAs42 13:23; /& 25; ff> XSK =] l"?BX i/j.
22:19; [31 Xax =] 3iax ib. 31:4; imp. lsg. X3X1
Xa'X Pes 117b(31); BM 45a(7); 2m. xa'JI ib.
109a(27); 3m. xa'1? Tan 5b(35); X3'3 G;7
45a(33); Xd" Tan 9a(5); lpl. xa'3 5er 31a(7);
xa^'X Torn 7b(14); m^ Hul 140b(42); imper.
2sg.m. XB'X Bes 27b(6); part. lsg. xrax Mak
21b(22); Xraxp Sab 86b(5); X:»X XIX Nid
48a(8); x:6x HGP la: 12; 3m. xax Xp 5mA:
44b(24); ^na« 28:1; XBX ib. 13:15;- 1. to say,
tell: a. general: mm xri'Vya xnV'a ~p xa'x xn
max 'ax come (and) I shall tell you a superior
statement that your father used to say AZ
31b(32); Hul 47a(ll); "p nax Xrivm Xtfn X3X1
■jV nax -\V>-\ X3X did I say to you 'the head of
the animal'? I said to you 'your head' Bek
8b(i6); rwa maxT xirrn npyi... ^n how do
they annul the matter which Moses said? Yom
69b(42); laxp 'KB X3yT nin x"7 I did not know
what he was saying MQ 28b(33); Sab 129b(32);
H'V xrax mn Dm 'Xin 'X if I had been there I
would have said to him ... RH 26b(5); Meg
15a(23); Sot 40a(16); AZ lla(3); 'V max Jr?Jl
"l"? X^BX n"?n you said three (things) to me. I
shall say three (things) to you Sab 152a(27); Xm
maxi Xin T1X are you not, in fact, the one who
said ...? Er 57b(18); m»X DTim ... JTIBX you
said ... and you said again Pes 55b(31); X131 Xinn
nrna1? max mm inrrsi'? 'yam a certain man
who heard his wife saying to her daughter BB
58a(24); max mSl Xp '3 as she was jumping (off
the roof) she said ib. 3b(41); Xp 'XB yatfl JVX ^'t
nax go, listen, and hear what (the spirits) are
saying Pes 11 lb(23; V); xnp'ya pnBX13 as we
used to say originally AZ 33a(28); IJinBX
X31D WTOm you say that you are very wise Ber
56a(7); San 90b(56); max "nrm Wl the
witnesses came (and) said Yev 116a(9); X3'T Jl'S
nax H31 the 'great court' states Qid 65b(9); Xnn
max mm a certain (woman) who used to say AZ
26a(26); b. in legal contexts and terminology: 1)
pf.: p"l mBX 'yD 'Xa why did the scholars say ...
BM 27b(37); paXT XH that which we said Sab
26b(2); xnyaiff xn1? max 3i vsm d"3 '3 when
he was drowsy and falling asleep, PN said this
legal tradition Yev 24b(25); 2) imp.: inx XB'Il '31
TIU lHVX even if you say: "They came (and)
decreed ..." Sab 14b(25) [I 1#"0 mng. 3]; XB^'X
Xin Xp'SD m\T 'm> if we should say that it is
according to PN, it is a doubtful case ib. 35a(28);
XTOrf? pvm mB'JI X3B1 whence do you say that
we take suspicion into consideration? Pes
13a(37); rnB'JI X3B1 RH2Sb{20; GRH 21:21); 3)
imper. [v. Eps, Gr 63+]: X13iyi X31J TX 'V 'B'X
mn 'STl tell me, in fact, what was the essence of
the case Git 39b(39); Xa'X JTy3'X if you desire,
say (so) Sab 50b(7); Bes 14b(5); Yev 71b(42);
Xa'JI'ya'Xl San 30a(46) [and passim]; XS1D Xa'X
recite the latter part (of the Mishna) BQ 48b(35);
nax 'a 'xnpa "lins xjx naxT ma'x say that I
said (to you that he was knowledgeable)
concerning oral traditions. Did I say (this)
concerning biblical verses? AZ 4a(39); "IB'X
TXB 'T; nn Jiyasn say that you heard PN BB
141b(14); 4) inf.: pnaxp la'a we truly say Seel
26:89; ib. 15:71; 51:81; Geon 381:3; HG2 74:19;
pai max na'B the scholars actually said Seel
117:90; na'B1? X3'X 'XB what can one say? [lit.
what is there to say?] Sab 6a(16) [and passim];
miyxh 'KB fan 'X =] 'an' if so, why state it? [lit.
what is it to say?] RH 22b(14); 5) part.: XBX Xp
(Scripture) says^«a« 17:9; ib. 24:8 [andpassim];
XrBX XJiyi xp"?0 it might have occurred to me to
say [< XnyiX XpVo*; lit. it enters the mind. I say]
Zev 40a(13); Yom 46a(12); Meg 17b(16); 'X
X3'BX mn X'nna if from that (case), I would have

1#KJPI!?N
142
2#nmx
said ... BQ 33a(43); 1BX1 |XB the one who says
Pes 84b(6); Meg 26b(18); San 3a(24) [and
passim]; '©3'X '1BX1 13'M this is what people say
Ber 43b(18) [fol. by a proverbial saying; v. the
alphabetical list in AC 1:160+]; '1BX sVb '1 '31
those of PN's school say Yom 38b(48); 111,1' '11
naxi wayo1? pan ... 'axi mayo1? pn,
according to his reason says ..., and the scholars,
according to their reason, say ... Yom 10b(14);
X3iyB3 '1BX they say in Eretz Israel Ber 14b (8);
13 if? '1BX1 (some) say it anonymously [lit. they
say it only] Yom 44a(26) [I 1#'13]; 2. to recite:
a. general; *^D31 ,1T© '1BX (the angels) recite a
song and cease to exist Hag 14a(l 1); xn'V© XTnil
laxi X113'X1 the prayer leader positioned himself
to lead the prayer and recited Pes 117b (40); '3
VxiB©1 ri'&j? in'IBX when I recited it [i.e. the
legal tradition] in the presence of PN Sab
22a(14); b. esp. an incantation [cf. JPA 1BX pe.,
mng. 4, DJPA 63]: xrfr'a max she recited an
incantation Sab 81b(43); Xny'31 xnD'^p by 11BX
Xnayjl recite over the shell of an ostrich egg HM
38:16; ib. 39:1; bllb I'n'31? xnxi 1&X1 nB 1BX he
recited an incantation [lit. he said what he said]
and traveled to his home in GN OHT Ber 46:6;
ib. 8
Itpe. to be said, stated, recited: ]3 y©l,T '11 XI
ian'X xW>3» x"?x ian'X ©itss ix"? 'lV this
(tradition) of PN was not stated explicitly but was
stated by inference Ber 9a(7); 311 XB©B ian'X
pm it was stated in PN's name Pes 108a(18); 'XI
Xia lari'X if it was stated in this (case) Sab
73a(25); xb ian'X xbi X3'n lari'x lan'xi xs'n
lan'X where it was stated it was in effect [lit.
stated]. Where it was not stated it was not in
effect Er 47a(4); Bes 13b(26); Yev 69b(43); 'X
ian'X '3n ian'X if it was stated, it was stated so
BQ 48b (12); lian'X 1,1'lin both of them were
stated Tan 4b(24); X1DX3 pWTXI xnnyB© '3,1
X1103 Xion ail n'Bp Xn3©3 the legal traditions
which were recited on the Sabbath in the morning
before PN in GN Er 43a(37); Anan 47:2; "3X 'DX
pn: ai XB'n'Xl PN said, and it was said [i.e.
transmitted alternatively]: PN2 Yom 19b(49); Bes
6a(32); Hag 2b(23); BM 47b(6); 'IBn'B ]Xiyi
©1p ymbl ll'iaxil xna'naa they are still recited
in the academy in the Holy Tongue [i.e. Hebrew]
TGHark 189:22
Geon. expl.: Vlp: frl ... XB'1? LPT 155:15, i.e. imp. Ipl.; xa'X
•?ip i^x nnn mnxi nopj3 xb'x Vipx >f7xbx nnn rropH ib.
146:19, i.e. XB'X imp. lsg., xa'X imper. sg.2m.; I'OTUB DT131
xavos xw xems '31 (mfirtm asua nai 13 j'Vin j'x nan'x i:x
nyiawn mix nx 13 D':na vn x^i nm mpan nx D'ana me
TGHark 138:11; Lit: Eps, Gr 61+ [morph.]; Eps, SI1 92 [TIB'X
imper.], 93 [XlB'aV], 100 [XBX, XB'B, xan'X, XB'n'X]; Bacher
12; A. Marmorstein, Tarbiz, 17[1946] 68+ [>B1 tamt]; Y.
Breuer, Lesonenu 62 [1999] 52 [niB'X and IB" are both H].
l#Nfl»K, pi. KflnSN n.f. maidservant
t;-7 r tt:_ ,
(i XJlinax; Sy k'&.Sok', pi. rf'^'ci^sK' LS 24,
Ma xnax, pi. xnxnax MD 23) sg. xnax xm,i
]'mm )'y©n na mm a certain maidservant who
was ninety-two years old Sab 152a(38); ,1B'p mn
Xn'3 X©33 Xp ,1'nax his maidservant was in the
process of sweeping out the house BM 85a(17);
Sab 32a(6) [I Voil pe., mng. 2]; RH 26b(8) //
Meg 18a(41); Ket 103a(47); Git 38a(48); AZ
30a(24); xbi runas xnax ,1'nri'xV an'i xiaj
i1Jiairi33 X3V13 a man who gave a maidservant to
his wife as a present, but it was not written in her
ketubba HP 105:6; ib. 46:1; SSHai 7a(8);
AnanSch 13:14; pi. xnxnax 'mn pmax jvr? pa©
their father bequeathed them two maidservants
BB 13b(26); Ket 80b(7); ID'p '31 XnnBX the
maidservants of the imperial household Ket
17a(18);/#> 114:28; Bo 56:7
Y: xnax Qid 8b(7; BAYTN 29).
2# Nrias, pi. i'sn, xnnm, xmm n.f. cubit
(Sy k'&jmk', pi. rd-bit^ LS 24, Ma X'ax pi. MD
21, s.v. 2#xax) a. measure of length: sg. xnax ^3
X3i03!?xa '©am nm xnax xyiana the diagonal
in every square of (a side of) one cubit, is one
and two-fifths cubits Er 57a(21) [+ ll's;
I HinoDbtt]; nb tvti xb xnax xm xVi \n since
(its thickness) is not a cubit, he disregards it Yom
3ib(4); x^si 'nax xm nas ©ipi x'ms how
much is the width of the board? 1 1/2 cubits Sab
98a(ll); xnaxi Xlbs 1/2 cubit ib. 12; Yom
16a(31); BB 27a(9) [v. comm.]; pl.abs. ]'BX ~\vy
ten cubits (in height) Ber 54b(26); BB 3a(52);
det. xnxnax yvm fifty cubits BQ 83a(37) // BB
23a(20); BM 107b(46); xnxax Hul 59b(26; V11);
Seel 51:l(Teuda 15 187:20); b. measure of area:
3# KJlttN
143
t»33K
sg. n'V V'aDa mn '3'n xnaxs xnax how can one
immerse (a table which is) a (square) cubit in (a
miqwe which is also a (square) cubit? Pes
109b(5); 3'n' xnaxa X13J a man can sit in (the
space of a square) cubit Suk 7b(43); Men 98b(5);
pi. ]'ax I'S'JX 1©3? xn'© 16,000 (square) cubits Er
56b(23); 'an' xnxnax 'mm nai nnVn three
men can sit in two (square) cubits Suk 8a(13)
Y: XTOX BM 107b(46; BAYTN 186).
3# NUttK n.f. penis (< MH2 nax J 75) sg. xnx
3'3©1 n'naXX n'pIO Xlia'T a wasp came, stung
him on his penis, and he died MQ 17a(32)
4# NJ18N n.f. lower millstone (< Akk ummatu
[sa eri] lower millstone CAD E 323 [Lex], AHw
1415, mng. 8; I X^IIDX'X) sg. X'nil Xnax the
lower millstone Ber 18b(50; MGG 806:9) [cf.
MH2 D'nnn nax Er 89a(26)]
IN adv. where (dialectal; JPA ],1, ]X DJPA 166) ]X
iniinVsO X'n ]X1 "inasn X'n where is your
wisdom, and where is your intelligence? Sab
30a(ll)
K3N, fUN pron. I (Sy rdrc' LS 27, Ma X3X MD
24) a. in non-verbal phrases: 1) subj.: Xin X3X it
is I [lit. I am he] Tan 23a(51); Ket 63a(15); XH
X3X here am I BQ 90b(19); X3"7a X3X I am the
king MQ 26a(34); Hag 4b(39); San 93a(48); XIX
XJVI 311 am PN Pes 86b(18); X"n 13 ]'3X x"? X3X
I am not PN Qid 44a(44); 'XI ... X:X 131 X13J 'X
XIX 'pill 'Ipa if I (shall become) a great man/an
elementary school teacher Yev 21b(8); xn©1 15?
X3X IB lxV until now I was not 'sir'? Ber 47a(6);
Sab 79a(7); Pes 113a(8); 01 XJX ]'jna "73 ©'13 I,
blood, am the main cause [lit. at the top] of all
illnesses BB 58b(10); 2) copula: ©l©B@01©a XJX
XJX I am from GN Qid 72a(13); BM 16b(28); X3X
x:noi x:x XTai x"?x X3X XD'sn x*7i xix nxin x1?
X3X I am neither one who demonstrates nor a
wise man. But I am one who has learnt (the legal
traditions) and who arranges (them) Pes
105b(10); XJX 1M 13 xVl X3X 1M X1? X3X I am
neither a 'carpenter' nor the 'son of a carpenter'
AZ 50b(4); Hul 93a(9); X3X XaVa 'B3 X3X X3X I
am also a king Git 57a(19; MGD 622:7); Yev
101b(42); 7am 32b(13); 3) in appos. to a pron.
suf: nna1? 'xim 'xni'V xVi 'iVs x:x '"? n'^i
neither I nor my heirs after me may retract SSHai
5a(17); ib. 5b(6); lla(8); b. in verbal phrases: 1)
w. pf: 'Xin X3X it was I [lit. I was] Qid 81b(15);
ib. 44a(41); BM 76b(32); BB 168a(4); ina XIX
'Xin X3©3 I was born on Sunday Sab 156a(25);
'xoxn'x x"?i •'tM? 'nrmay xjx I did all these
things and was not cured Yom 84a(24) // AZ
28a(28); 2) w. imp.: n'ai1? X:X V'T'X I shall go to
him Yom 87a(48); X3X Viy'X I shall enter Hag
5b(40); XIX "|"0X I can heal you BQ 85a(51); BB
7a(l); XyiX1? mn'X X3X I shall go down to the
field BM 15b(37); 3) w. part.: 'Jtt'Xj? X3X I am
ready to do so [lit. standing] Ket 2a(32); XIX
'max XJl'Vs I shall distribute nuts (to the
children) BM 60a(40); 'X©D1 Xl'Da X3X I shall
heal myself BQ 85a(53); X3X xraxp I say Pes
2b(41); 13X X33n' I am sitting Bo 125:1; X3X n'"?
]13V XnnD I shall not open for you ib. 76:4; 4) w.
pass.part.: xn'3 113 X3n'3© X3X I am usually [lit.
found] at home Ket 67b (40); c. extraposited
element in casus pendens: nxi 'X©B©n Xjrap XJX
^©'B©n XJ?'3p XV my usage (of the courtyard)
is fixed [i.e. at a set time]. Your usage is not fixed
BB 2b(36);'"? JPB© '3H X3X I have heard it so [i.e.
I have a tradition] Ber 10a(37); 311 'Tttbro X3X
'"? XT3D I am of the same opinion as PN's
students Pes 103a(34); '*? n'X XinD in X3X I have
one witness Svu 31a(17); Men 29b(37); niD X3X
]np'TX m'1 your cow caused me damage BQ
46b(31); d. in cleft sentences: 'V XB"p1 Xin X3X
Xny© it is I who has a propitious moment Tan
21a(14); -\b I'mn'l X3X lxV was it not I who
gave it to you? Bek 36b(15); e. after preps.: I ]1J3
prep., mng. I.a, '3 prep. mng. lb
Lit: Satzlehre 11+ [as copula]. In the phrase x:X Vl Er 3a(14)
this pron. seems to be exceptionally used as an ace. form;
however, this is prob. a corruption of ]X^1* lift me up [i.e. Vl
(imper. of I V'^1 pa., mng. 4) w. lsg. ace. pron.; cf. Ma JX'Vxt
Nold, MG 285:5] which was misinterpreted as 'JX Vt* > X«t °71;
Voc: X5x HPP 235:21; Y: X3X Ber 2b(51; BAYTN 341).
N33N I X33'X n.
J33K n.m.abs. liquid measure (later P form
< 4- l#XpS3X; i X13J) sg. 133X pQ3X BB 58b(15)
Y: J33X BB ib.
N333N n.m. wine (later P form < I 2# pBJX) sg.

xpo'-UN
144
I'?*?
X13(1){1)X ia T\Vt? will you drink wine? Qid
70a(41) [O2: 131X]
Lit: Geig, AAC 35; Shaked, Food [forthcoming].
Nj?0'"TJN n.m. (an official) pi. BB 55a(19)
Lit: i. < MP *handesak official in carge of tax collectors Geig,
AAC 36; 2. < Olr *ham-daisa-ka- relating to a document [cf.
MP desag document CPD 26] Y.A. Solodukho, Sovetskoe
Vostokovedenie 5 [1948] 65; Shaked, Irano-Aramaica 171; Y:
70"i:X BB ib.
NS'13N n.m. temple (etym. unkn.; I XJ11BX) sg.
rrai ''S'11X3 rrrrnai (the hornet) stung him on
his temple and he died Sab 80b(31)
Geon. expl.: D'JBH yiXJ>» 01j» mil J1XX VxyoW' ]ltto 'S'-HXl
[D'JBn] 110 ly [niJ3] Vo -\TV 110 p TUn p OHP Sab 39:24, i.e.
^li^ol temples; Lehnw 64 suggests a Gr etym.
KB"nJX, NBNYI3N n.m. statue, bust
t t : : - ' *
(< dvSpidt;, -dvTot; Lehnw 65; Sy ** \ « ;^i *f
LS 28, Pal D11X PAT 335, DNWSI 20) sg. Xtfl
Wb T101 XBX111X he saw a statue and bowed
down to it San 61b(38) // Xtnil'X &6 72b(30) //
XD111X ATar 3a(56); 3'fl'l «]Bn XJW'33 '3 X1H1
XD111X ,13 lD'piXI Xyiirm a certain synagogue
of ... in GN in which they set up a statue RH
24b(37) // ,4Z 43b(27); pi. X'UBIX "?3 npynx all
the statues were pulled down MQ 25b(39)
Note that as in Pal, the assimilation -nt- > -It- occurs; Y: XBTUX
«//24b(37; BAYTN 301).
N013NI n.m. violent person (4- VoiX ^5?o/-form;
TA J'OllX pi. TJ Jer 6:6) sg. XII X013X 'U DJ10 any
pagan is (considered) a violent person BB
45a(16; HGP 2b:25) [Van XMX HEs]; TGAs28
35:19; TGAs42 24:4; ,T01X1 XD11X XIIXI a violent
person came and attacked him HP 208:13(HPP
310:18); pi. n'1? 'MX 'VlXl 'DUX 'JWl violent
people will hear (about him and) will go (and)
attack him Ara 16a(9; MGL 383:16); TGAs42
23:10; ib. 18; 20; TG/Zar/t 118:18; Geon 267:4
NJT13N, NJ13N n.f. type of jar (perh. < Akk unutu
utensil AHw 1422) sg. XTO'ai XTTUX an '.-jar of
oil Bo 125:11 [// Xrwai xia ib. 112:10]; XJ13X
xroai Men 78a(20; V10)
Lit: Ch. Muller-Kessler, ANES 36 [1999] 169+. The traditional
expl. as a loaf of congealed oil [cf. Ar: Drr> ]'B3 ^Uy wnp ]UV
■pv Drf? U".1 AC 1:162; v. Eps, Stl 37] should now be rejected.
M3X vb. to sigh (4- Xnnm; Sy okuV pe., etpe.
LS 28, Ma niX etpa. MD 26) Itpe.: a. alone: '3
niTl'X 'plOS 'X.1 XDa when he reached this verse
he sighed Sab 152a(44); Ber 58b(9); ib. 13; b.
preceded by i Vlll pe. [v. ib., mng. 7]: niJl'X Til
Xion 31 PN wailed (and) sighed ;'A. 8 [cf. Ma
xixrrai tax: Gs 49:18]; ra rr1? Tpw xpi ma
nnirra xp 'xax rrV 'ax nixrxi while he was
cutting his hair, he wailed and sighed. He said to
him: "Why are you sighing?" Meg 16a(20); BM
66a(12); San 39a(17)
Geon. expl.: <1)|-|)run OHP Ber 106:8, i.e. i|i [^ V].
N3I13N pron. we (archaic and dialectal; 4- |1X; BA
Xin'lX HALOT 1818, TA XiniX TO Gen 43:8) a.
in writs: Xpna "?y XlOTin 'TW XiniX we, the
witnesses, signed on the erasure BB 164a(10);
pi ]Wo m 'inw xinix rb xuroi we, the
witnesses, wrote this /w'HH-document for her
SSHai 13a(13); ib. 15a(15); 17a(15); XU"yi
xri '33 xiaip •arr nm psn xinix we and the
scholars who were sitting before us in the court
investigated the matter Dec 9:7; TGHark 117:15;
SSSad 230:23; ib. 204:8; b. in Geonic texts: X*7
XiniX XI1? yw we have not heard it TGHark
38:27; ib. 101:27; 277:6; 159:11; 195:33;
TGAs28 99:10; TGAs42 52:18; Geon 230:27;
XM1X 'XiriD131 '33 ]a lxVl we are not from the
sons of PN /SGF93:1; ib. 51:23; 60:15; XiniX
X13J13 we have written Bo 1:14
Y: XttUX BB 164a(10; BAYTN 341).
n.m.abs. a bucket (< &vtA.iov Lehnw 71;
> Arab jLti Fr, AF 65) sg. BB 58b(15) [contains
1/4 log]
Not to be connected w. i S^Vl [v. Nold apud Fr, AF 66].
N"13'3N n.m. a type of coin (etym. unkn.) sg.
Xll'lXl XpX'3 Xll'1 an n.-denar and a ... BM
46b(25)
Lit: Lehnw 63, s.v. X-MX.
]n3'3K interj. (word in a charm formula) Sab
109b(34)
]'3K adj. delicate (V]1X pe., pass.part.; cf. Sy re*
pe. to sigh LS 27) sg.f, only in phrase K3'3K
Tljn fastidious [cf. MH2 riyin '3'3X J 85]: XIX
'XflVT XJ'JX I am fastidious Ber 24b(24); Yom
N30'3N 145 03N
30a(20); ib. 22; SwA: 29a(13; M2); BB 23a(9; Es);
Hul 112a(25)
Y: KJ'W Hul ib.(Mo 239).
N30'3S n.m. woven material (I ^1-pi, 1# XDD'3)
sg. &6 59b(l 1) [of a wreath; * I Xnpnx]; ib. 15;
38
RaH: riDOB IwVa ]'Bin; Y: KSO'JN: 5aA ib.
BT3N i W'J'X n.
~\}X i -\m pron.
K33N n.m. tin (Akk annaku CAD A/2 127, Sy
pciAjk' LS 29, Ma X33X MD 27, > Arab ^i Fr,
AF 153) sg. Bo 78:11; X3IXT XOt? a plate of tin
HM4V.9
]1H vb. 4- |'3X adj.
13N pron. we (I X:n3X; JPA pX DJPA 66, Ma
I'lX, ]3/3X MD 27, Sy ^Lu LS 28) a. in non-verbal
phrases: 1) subj.: x"?S2/3 pxi X^IS IH'X it [i.e. the
fish] was (swimming) against the current and we
were (sailing) with the current BB 73b(25; HP1);
'in '3 pXl nrfrn '3 inrx they are three and we
are two San 93a(44); 'TIO pX we are witnesses
Ber 17b(39); X»»H 'tylS ]JX we are day laborers
£r 65a(39); ^ra 10b(25); IDMa p'"?5?a pX we are
better than you Pes 87b(42); Bek 8b(l 1); BM
83a(29); San 28b(35); 2) as copula: D"3j;n T pX
]3X we are agents of the poor BQ 36b(39); '3 px
]3X 'Tlil we are all alike Ber 45b(46); Suk
10b(16); San 33a(17); 3) after ]1J3: px pJ3
xnani XTO^ I1? xn^t^T like us who frequently
have meat and wine (to eat) Sab 119a(42); Tan
14b(16); b. in verbal phrases: 1) w. pf: pn px
we learnt Sab 65a(35); ib. 93a(25); 'a: ]3X
X30'Sn HlTiil XTlsnna we also seized (it) from
the swift current of the river Ket 85a(7); px
H'J'a nC)n)3-|lX we rented it from him BB
29a(34); 2) w. imp.: 'JJl'l 'a: px «]X we also
should learn ... Sab 66a(12); mil 111131 Dip'l ]3X1
mil1? should we take it upon ourselves to make a
secondary decree? Sab 1 lb(3); px 'trr: let us see
BM 8b(16); BB 28b(6); Hul 85b(39); 3) w. part.:
P'pJW ]3X XpTO 'H'X 'X if she is silent, are we
(to remain) silent? Yev 65a(17); rfrll '3'H ]1X
ll'lfia XDS'X we transmit the tradition of the
judges of the Diaspora in an opposite manner BB
70b(21); ib. 136a(29); Er 54b(52); Pes 30b(14);
BQ 108b(28); c. as an extrapolated element in a
casus pendens: XJTblia bxiai^l 3T f? ll'pn ]1X
"7333 PN and PN2 instituted a 'valuable object'
[i.e. the liyiim-prayer] for us in Babylonia Ber
33b(28; P); pvnn '3'n px how did you see us?
Pes 50a(13); San 93a(41); fi XT30 p313 px we
are of the same opinion as the scholars Er 67a(8);
Pes 50b(52); G;7 40a(52); Qid 13a(13); bmw px
11H3 'IID 'SOI 11,13 the Jews are with us and the
Book of the Law is with us AZ 8b (24)
Y: ]3X Meg 18a(40; BAYTN 341).
D3K vb. to force, constrain, prevent (4- XD11X,
X0UX; Sy .-oajy to compel LS 30, TA MX to
seize TJ 2S 23:21) Pe. (a/) 1. to force, compel:
a. alone: Xjnx H'V 'JinTb »n' MX '^S 13 'Vd NN b.
NN2 forced me to sell him (my) field SSHai
16b(20); TGHark 166:8; pass.part. D'lX OK) he
is certainly compelled [i.e. acts involuntarily] Er
99a(37); Yev 91a(45); D'lXI IX1? 'X W'l'X T3I1 "73
T3TB mn X1? anything that a person sold, were he
not compelled (to do so for need of money) he
would not have sold BB 47b(20); 13 'WSl myi3
XID'IX X1? of my own free will not being
compelled SSSad 223:25; 0'3'X X*71 X1H1 this is (a
case) where he was not under compulsion
TGHark 178:16; BM 86b(26) [of animals]; b. w.
fol. vb.: nVsDXl nrran riMX her friend compelled
her to immerse herself Hul 31b(43); pass.part.
"lVs^ XIH D'lX he is compelled to recite the
tefilla HGI 40:41; TGHark 166:31; 2. to attack:
I'DIXI XD11X XJ1X1 a violent person came and
attacked him HP 208:13; 'MX ^TXl 'DUX 'yatfl
n'1? violent people will hear (about him and) will
go (and) attack him Ara 16a(9; MGL 383:16); 3.
to induce, motivate, urge: niMX 'TIT 'XH 'a^ll
perhaps the (extra) money motivated this one (to
sell to another) AZ 72a(24); Ket 53a(26); BQ
89b (29); TMX ~p!? nx your mind induced you (to
swear falsely) Svu 26a(38); T3yi iTWSl MX1
msp3 mi3y he urges himself on and does the act
quickly Svu 17a(28); 4. to constrain, overpower:
iTMPBl M'a1? rp1? 'yS'X he should have constrained
himself (from looking) BB 57b(21; F2); H'1? 'MX
n'll'y his appointments used to constrain him
(from performing the priestly benediction) Hul

l#Kj?BJK
146
TUN
133a(23; MGD 412:14); X'ntt'B TOIX (his)
drinking has overpowered him Git 68b(12); 5. to
seize by force: '313 mi 013X they seized certain
drinking bowls by force AZ 33b(25); '03X xp mi
'tffrXT XnXJHX they were seizing fields of people
by force BB 168b(14); ib. 45a(14); BQ 116b(49);
AZ 33a(33); 6. pass.part. to be unavoidably
prevented [denom. < I XD31X]: X1? 'M 'O'ax 'an
'0'3X these are prevented (from coming), those
are not prevented RH 35a(24); BB 40b(5); Git
29b(43); /&< 2a(30) [by being sick]; Ned 27b(6)
[by the stoppage of the ferry]; Naz 23a(50) // Hor
10b(38) [by being drunk]
Itpe. (e) 1. to meet with an unforeseen
accident: 1'BV ">rf?7l 113 O'an'X he met with an
unforeseen accident within thirty days Git
29b(42); 2. to be prevented: OUn'XI X1H 'OWN
they were actually prevented (from passing the
wine jugs in front of me) Ket 16b(44; V5); RH
23a(8); 3. to be seized, taken away by force:
'nan O'anx TT.TT 'Tn3 on returning, his donkey
was seized Ned 31b(9); in ]3't3'pa in D'JJia 'XT
p'3 if one (document) is seized, we (still) hold
another in our possession BB 168b(17); '31 ]V2
1BXT 13T13 'BlVtt W5?3 Dana since if it is seized
you are required to pay, it is considered as yours
Pes 5b (46); 'oan'ap rrniena 'oan'B '3 (the
money) is taken away only in his [i.e. the
borrower's] possession Qid 47b(21); Svu
41b(34); Wbv T3 'TIT 10'an'XT the money was
seized from the messenger HP 84:1; ib. 49:23
Lit: Low, OLZ 12 [1904] 115. The rdg. TOJ'aV Tan 22a(18; Ed)
is most likely a corruption for naiwtf? [v. Mai 91:2], and hence
the mng. 'to rape' is not attested for this it in JBA.
[Hom I xoiax n.]
l#Nj?BIN n.m. large cup, liquid measure
(< MP ? [cf. Armen empak drinking cup Hubsch,
AG 153241]; archaic form of i I33X; Ma xpsxax
cup MD 24, Sy rd-n_iJ=Ur</, ^ " • -»*~~?
distilling apparatus LS 27, 24) 1. large cup:
sg.abs. psax BB 58b(15) [quoted from a
purported inscription on a gate in Cappadocia];
det. mam xpsax a large cup of wine HM 39:16;
2. liquid measure: sg. X"n XlBn(T) XpB3X an
'.-measure of unmixed wine Gi( 69b(8); ib. 9
Geon. expl.: ton too ,T3W KB IKipa IWVTI TW pNSJX NpBJN
OHT Git 157:8, i.e. JBA KpBJX in IrArab or P is jlijl and is
equal to the Arab JLj [v. Hinz, IHG 27+]. Lit: Geig, AAC 35,
s.v. J3JX; ISK 89; Tel 20; Snaked, Food [forthcoming]; Y: pMX
BB ib.(BAYTN 213).
2#Nj?BJK n.m. wine unmixed with water
(< MP *anapak [> Armen anapak Hubsch, AG
97], Avestan anapa- adj. unmixed [of wine] AI
123; archaic form of I XI33X) sg. xpsax xnff'B
to drink unmixed wine BM 86a(48); Qid 70a(41;
O2); Hul 94a(16) [* Xl'ia XTan wine mixed with
water ib.]; yBffa T'n xpsax '. means 'raw' [i.e.
unmixed] (wine) ib. 19
Lit: Geig, AAC 35, s.v. J3JX; ISK 89; Tel 20; Shaked, Food
[forthcoming]; KJBJK BAYTN 213.
N11p3N n.m. a bird (etym. unkn.) pi. 'TpIXl X3X
a basket of '.-birds Hul 57a(3) [Var: 'Tipn Ar
(AC 5:384)]
Geon. expl.: JVU31? JlVVmsn WSS31 XVI DTJ toffl XY1 "ITO >|iy
TBlffl XVW '-lliJJ'K Kyi -p DV Vjn Rashi, ad loc.; expl. Ar:
OTPton 13J1TOW rtlBiy AC ib.; Lit: Geig, AAC 40.
KnpJK 4- xnpay n.
"WlfifaN n.m. Sal ammoniac (< NP nausadur
PED 1434; Sy iearclaLrdiK', io:ux_oJ«' LS
31) sg. 'Vl3 "? V>tt?3 T.TO3X *rm r'31"' when the
iSa/ ammoniac boils, the entire (mixture) is
cooked GiY 69a(43); X(pn){np)D'B '3
Tn(E?a)(atf)XT sal ammoniac about the size of a
pistachio ib.(4l)
Lit: Geig, AAC 285; Tel 100; Y: Tntf"} Gif ib.
fi3N pron. you (sg.m.; archaic and dialectal;
i nx; BA MX qere HALOT 1819, Sy 1hJ# LS
31) nna3n XVT |X naVe? nax you, Solomon, where
is your wisdom? Sab 30a(ll); Ket 77b(31); Aferf
91b(9); njmim '"? naa'na nax I believe you with
an oath5A/36b(10); Tan 29a(l); BM67a(14); ».
109b(20); 55 50b(20); Atot 2b(39); Kar
18b(17); msyaV I1? TOX naXT you are
forbidden to do it Anan 6:1; ib. 24:14; 69:17;
"?B TJ "?B naxi SSHai 3b(9); ib. 14a(18); -]r>B
nax you, be the head of the academy! I$GF 85:14
Lit: Eps, Gr 20; Y JUKI BAYTN 341.
NroN 4, xmax n.
'ri3N pron. you (sg.f.; archaic; Sy ,&-!«' LS 31)
XnV? 'nax you, lilith Bo 9:8; i& 19:3; 58:6; 'nax
nnS'pn xn'T1?! nJTO'3 Xmi you, evil spirit and
TJF13K
strong lilith ib. 28:3; 77:1; 88:9; 101:3; 'nax
'Vb m n'3r>D you, NN, daughter of NN SSHai
3a(10); SfiSW 223:25
J'MK pron. you (pl.f.; archaic and dialectal; Sy
j-.kjr^LS 31) Bo 107:3
HW n.m. myrtle shrub, myrtle branches (Akk
asuA CAD A/2 342, Sy rdi*' LS 31) 1. myrtle
shrub: sg. a. general: 55 80b(39) [expl. BH 0TJ
Is 41:19]; TIXp X0X1 H'BW XDX 'B^'n '3 'Xp XDX
TV1? a myrtle standing among the willows-its
name is a myrtle and it is called a myrtle San
44a(5); XDX niBT the shape of a myrtle Bo 78:12;
b. species: X1XB XDX the Egyptian myrtle Suk
33a(3); XTI XDX r.-myrtle Pes 56a(9) [i RT\]; c.
parts: XOXT XB1B a myrtle leaf Hul 47b(l); 5a6
146b(33); Xef 77b(22; MGG 226:6); XjI'BW
X0XT a branch of a myrtle shrub Qid 12b(15); d.
in medicinal use: XDX xnVin a third part myrtle
Sab 50b(12); 2. coll. myrtle branches: n'MSXT
X3^a '3 XDX you brought myrtle branches to the
palace Ber 9b(39); Bes 6a(12); XDXT 'axia nn
two pieces of myrtle branches &zi> 33b(41); XDX
'arT'n)'ai myrtle branches and palm fronds ib.
110a(9); 150b(27); xaj?»im XDX the myrtle
branches of the /i.-bundle Suk 31a(l); XDXT xaiD
a load of myrtle branches Ber 56b(18); xnB'S
X0XT a mat of myrtle branches Qid 12b(29; O2);
Nid 37a(4)
Lit: Low, Flora, 2:258+; Voc: S8S HPP 41:20; Y: N0N Sab
50b(12; BAYTN 3).
KflVrnOK n.f. testimony (4- VnnD) sg. 'Xa
H'nnnDX what is his testimony? Tern 18b(16);
Yev 64b(29)
Y: n'ffliriDN Yev ib.(BAYTN 286).
'3/310N v.n. (uncertain) Xpia' '3/31DX Sab
123a(43; Ar [AC 1:164]) [O: '31DX]
Geon. expl.: .inVlta IX '^33 Via pp^V WV3D3 Trtn nXK 'TB
ya^H na ixynw psii xpi:' "b Xj7ir '3iox ''B nxpo TGDr46
208:15; expl. RaH: m TWin ,TO'»B pil'n ■?» |nn rfny ^B1JP3
... jju'nn K'pow o'sysi n^iyn nnix rip'jDBi rss rrivonsx
■Wl* ''B 1TDS D'JlXJn U'TllSIl OHP ib. 79:18. The form is clearly
an af. inf. [of what V ?]; for trad, expls., v. Rashi ad loc.
NS10K, NflBlON n.m. vestibule (< Akk asuppu,
asuptu portico CAD A/2 349, AIOA 38; QA
!XB1DX, XBDX ATTM 519, Sy ^Ai^sok LS 35)
K»U0K
t t : ■
sg. H'n'3T XB10X the vestibule of his house BQ
104b(16; TGHark 93:28) [Var: H'n'31 XnBIDX HP
66:17; H: XB'DX; v. also It's: BM 46a(14); BB
150b(28)]; n'BIX XB10X an Aramean vestibule
TGAs42 157:9 [expl. MH nj?2? n'3 MBB 1:5, and
expl. as Arab j^)* j]; Xa3n' 'D1DX3 I am sitting in
my portico Bo 125:2
Geon. expl.: 051 OMll'bm'jN 71"»3 X1p31 Sn iv iy» T1'3 Kim
T» V? )nip Agur 28:17 [= OHP BQ 159:12], i.e. jjlij,
> ij?..[?]; Lit: Kut, Studies 342+ [Heb]; Greenfield, JAOS
89 [1969] 133; Y: XB'OX BQ 104b(16).
«rW0K, abs. ION, pl. NJINVIOK n.f. remedy,
tt' T,r T,t;T *"
cure, healing (i Vl# 'DX; TA1DX TO Gen 3:6, Sy
rc'&oj-ajr*', pl. K'&.L&ri' LS 32, Ma 1# XniDX,
pl. XnXIXOX MD 28) a. general: sg. H'niDX 'Xa
what is its remedy? Ket 50a(28); ib. 77b(18); Git
67b(21); /(Z28a(42); ib. 29a(12); 'axp \am X'ln
XniDX H'^ n'1?! n'1? he refers to the snake of the
scholars (which bit him) for which there is no
cure ib. 27b(25); TBI. Min XmOXT XnV'B he had
learnt a remedy Tan 20b(48); XI5?T 'V>B V3
n"?n 'ana 131? ITmox I know the remedy for all
things except for these three BM 113b(26);
Xnn TT by 'TT n'mOXI PN's cure will be through
him ib. 86a(l); 1? 13J?1 XBT "fr bpvi XTiX H'V 3H
XniDX give him (his) fee because he let blood for
you and cured you San 109b(18); pl. *?D BTTJ
ian Xax ]X1DX I, wine, am the main cause of all
cures BB 58b(ll); TmiOX 'XB what are its
remedies? Git 86a(9); b. in incantation texts:
sg.abs. IDXV rf? 'TT XJPBp ]'in this amulet which
will be for healing Bo 70:1; ib. 96:2; Bo 142:12
[I XtSW]; det. X'BB? ]a XniDX healing from
Heaven ib. 12:1; 14:1; 18:1; 19:12; 26:3; 35:1;
39:4; 68:1; 99:1
Y: XniOX Sab U0a(6; BAYTN 31).
pOBlBON I X3B1B0'X n.]
NttBON, K&XI3DK n.m. steel (1 XB1B0; Sy
rd^ilii-torc' LS 33, Ma XB1BBX1J7 steel, spear
MD 345 [var. s.v. XBiaDS], > Arab ftLll Dozy
653) sg. XVTIB1? XBXBDX steel (attached) to iron
Ber 62b(3; OHP ib. 106:22) [Var: XBtJOX, XBDXX
Ar(AC 1:170)]
Geon. expl.: TinW yxn OHP ib., i.e. ^i»-ll D+>^ sharpening
of iron; Lit: Geig, AAC 42; Low, Fauna 198+.
147

1#'0N
148
NnrpN
[nthbon I K-mnox n.]
l#'ON vb. to heal, cure (4- XIllOX, X'OX; Sy
H"!*' LS 32, Ma 1#X0X pa. MD 27) Pa.: a. w/o
obj.: n'pn 'OBI his spittle heals (the eye) BB
I26b(34); loan X'aa niV 'V^rai ioa T'pw Va
'77D'B x"71 all potions cure and are unabsorbed,
except for water which cures and is absorbed Sab
78a(21); ib. 66b(12); 109a(27); llla(25); ,T'0B
XD3U/ p'VnB it can cure and we desecrate the
Sabbath Yom 49a(25; E1); '1 TIB mm X3'H "?D
]iyBB> 'I 'Da mn "lTyVx wherever PN would strike,
PN2 would heal Sab 33b(40); "10X "na "l'n 'X
X'y3'B if (God) actually resurrects (the dead), is
it necessary (to write) healing? San 91b(41) //
Pes 68a(51); BQ 86a(l 1); X'OB does it cure? Yom
49a(25); b. w. obj.: 1) people: 'XPBJ XJ'DB XJX I
shall heal myself BQ 85a(53); yb Xi'OB 'X
'"? rQOJ'B if I cure you, will you be married to
me? Ket 61b(13); ^'lDX1? OHT Sab 98:6; 2)
diseases: )'3'31 J':n'tf HXDX1? to heal boils and
sores Sab 67a(26); Ned 49a(26); #Af 40:5
Itpa. to be cured: X1?! TlVlD1? TUTmy X3X
'XDJl'X I did all these things and was not cured
Yom 84a(24) // AZ 28a(29); XB'in XBD ri? myi
'BT nitf^a '0JTX1 they made a potent medicine
for him, and he was cured in three days Git
12b(23); BM 86a(20); //«/ 57a(2); n'1? Xiay
'DJl'Xl 'XV7'B she recited a charm for him, and he
was cured San 101a(39; K); ln'Vy 'am '31 Xy31
lDTl'Xl PN prayed for them, and they were cured
Hag 3a(18); 5er 6a(21); Ket 62b(37); 55 9b(27);
San 107b (21); 'DJl'X X^l "73X (if the animal) ate
(them) and was not cured Bek 39a(15); JTy3 DX
y"lB' X1? aim 'Om riVJinnn1? if you want him to
be cured of hemorrhoids and not to be sick again
HM 43:20; 'JS3 m -\W1V1 XinV X'BE/ ]B XJllOX
XTlVaSBl XJV1?'1? ja ,T8» 'Bn"l3 'O'Tl'm healing
from heaven for PN that she should be cured by
the grace of Heaven from the lilith and the
m.-demon.8o 12:1; ib. 26:2; 59:1
2# 'ON 4- V-IDX vb.
N?0N, pi. NATION n.m. doctor, physician (< Akk
asu A CAD A/2 344, AIOA 37; 1 Vl#'0X; TA
X'OX TO Ex 21:19, pi. xfilOX TO Gen 50:2, Sy
rdi-EoK', pi. rt'hikJok' LS 31, Ma X'OX, pi.
XT1X1X0X MD 28) a. general: sg. X'OX 'inn ''SI1? ty
'"10XV he went in to a certain doctor to cure him
Ned 49a(24); ]1BT X'OX a doctor (who heals)
gratis BQ 85a(51) [cf. Sy r^»:i ^..W
CarmNis VI: 1:1]; Xp'm X'OX a distant doctor [lit.
a far-off doctor] i& 52; X'OX ]TU 12 PN, the
physician Pes 52a(3); &rZ> 133b(38); BM
85b(48); &« 99b(53); AZ 28b(14); pi.
X"nBlB Xn(n){")DX expert doctors OHT Ket
224:11; j?m '"fr n'1? ]"081 XT1110X physicians
who can heal PN Git 56b(22); b. w. ref. to God
or an angel: sg. 'arm X3T X'DX XT1X1DX 'IB -|B»3
in Your name, the Master of remedies, the great
physician of mercy Bo 3:1; ib. 7:2; 8:2; 21:1;
29:2; rn3"l X'OX"1 "7XST ib. 89:5; X3T X1D ]V10D'B
X31 mox 'ipn'BT DN, the great angel, who is
called the great healer ib. 63:5
Lit: Sole, Mutual Elucidation 405 [on p»l X'DX]; Voc: X'OX
HGP 15a:26; Y: x;0X Ned 49a(24; BAYTN 75); pi. xrfflOX Git
56b(22; BAYTN ib.).
NrU'ON, Nfl'ON n.f. mortar, rib joint (< Akk
esittu A mortar [sic!] CAD E 337, w. dissim. of
-tt- > -nt- AIOA 50; Sy k"&j»k/ LS 38, expl.
by rc'^.DXio, uj^ BBah 139416) 1. mortar: sg.
Er 102a(33); Sab 77b(33) [4- Ton mng. 1]; Xpb'n
KJU'OXa 'larvm 'DTI /*. is wheat kernels which
are crushed in a mortar Ber 37a(26; P)
[4- 2#Xp"?'n]; XTU'OXa nyw Ian '3B from the time
that they put the barley in the mortar Ket 8a(37)
// AZ 8b(7; J) [Var: XJVDX3 OHT Ket 28:24,
'rU'0X3 HP 110:6]; '"73m Xrl'OXl X3313 a pestle
and a mortar for (grinding) spices Hul 105b(24);
X3pT H3 D'to X"?T X»nn XJTOK a bronze mortar
which does not corrode Nid 3 6b (49) [play on PN
'DX]; XOTJI XJl'OX -l3(riB)T xVllST X3313 an iron
pestle which breaks a bronze mortar Nid 36b(50);
Xyip 'lnxi mVy Dipi Xn'OX 'S3 overturn the
mortar, stand on it, and show the tear (of
mourning) MQ 22b(48); Ket 49b(18); Er
87a(12); 2. fig. rib joint: sg. XJV0X1 XJ313 rib
and rib joint [lit. 'pestle' and 'mortar'] Hul
52a(32); ib. 30; pi. XriX'DX HG3 156:40
Geon. expl.: IVBTBD xn'OIIIX GnK5 173:12. Lit: S.A. Kaufman,
Lesonenu 36 [1972] 30+, points out that the corn Akk mng. is
mortar and not pestle [so CAD ib.; Geig, AAC 45, also
incorrectly translates the Sy as 'ty!]; Y: Xfirpx Ket 49b(18;
BAYTN 172); XJT0N Er 102a(33).
NITON 149 NT>gON
[N30'0N 4-2#X3D'On.]
[NS'ON 4- XB10X n.]
NJT0N 4- xrU'DXn.
TON adj. forbidden, n.m. captive (4- VlDX
pass.part.; TA TDX TO Gen 40:3; cf. Sy
r?\ : •*-<*' LS 37) 4- VnDX pe., pass.part., D'3
'TDX
NnSON n.m. diphtheria (?; 4- xrTDOX; MH2
xidox J 94) sg. 'morn "?y n,!? ^id' xiddx may
diphtheria attack him on his pharynx Bo 74:9;
X13DX3 '01' '13 'yBW "\ n'^y B"1? PN used to
curse him with diphtheria Nid 20a(51)
Lit: Preuss 179+.
NJnOON n.f. diphtheria (?; 4- X1DDX) sg. HM
37:8
NflSttDN n.f. reliance, scriptural 'support' of a
Rabbinic law, a type of surety for payment of
indebtedness (4- V*]B0 af.) 1. reliance: sg.
lH'Vy ln'TDBDX they rely upon it [i.e. money] Ket
67a(39) [lit. their reliance is upon them]; ib. 40;
2. scriptural 'support' of a Rabbinic law: sg.
XrDBOX n"7 3'0Jp xnp Xm does he not, in fact, cite
the biblical verse? (It is merely) a 'support' Mei
ilb(33); 'atya xraaox xipi pama it is (an
ordinance) of the scholars, and the biblical verse
is merely a 'support' Ber 41b(7); Er 4b(8); X1BJ
XB^y3 XTOB0X Xlpl r\b 'TBJ they learnt it as a
tradition, and the biblical verse is merely a
'support' Pes 81b(18); Yom 74a(31); Suk
28b(19); Tan 27a(3); Yev 24a(7); San 83a(9); AZ
38a(l); Zev 32a(25); Hul 64b(2); Men 92b(37);
3. 'asmaxta, a type of surety for payment of
indebtedness, promise [4- V"|B0 af., mng. 4]: sg.
X'3p xV xroaox 'ax 'avaai x'Jp xraaox nax x:x
I said: "An '.-stipulation is legally binding." PN
said: "An '.-stipulation is not legally binding" BM
66a(32); ib. 73b(44); 104b(27); BB 173b(32);
San 24b(45); Ned 27b(16); pi. xVll XTOBOXD X"?T
'1Btt?T 'OSDD neither like '.-stipulations, nor like
templates of documents [i.e. it is legally binding]
BB 44b(14); XDXDBDX3 x"?T TGHark 34:30; ib.
93:19; 216:7; SSHai 2b(7); ib. 5b(8); 14a(4); '3m
lin'Vy p'3B0 xVl XB^ys XnX3B0X these are
merely '.-stipulations, and we do not rely upon
them TGHark 128:6; XT1X3B0X1 '"?'B "73 all kinds
of promises ib. 106:6
Lit: S. Albeck, Law of Property 317+ [mng. 1]; Bacher 13
[mng. 2]; Voc; XM»Di< HGP 40a:4; Y: XMaoX Pes 81b(18;
BAYTN 2800).
1# N30N n.m. thornbush (TA X30X TOv Ex 3:2)
sg. 'A'x "73B nn'3jn nwa ix^ xaox xiox
thornbush, thornbush! It is not because you are
the tallest of all the trees ... Sab 67a(21); '^Jl'XT
nJ0X3 TWti? who revealed himself to Moses in
the thornbush Bo 59:17
Y: XJDX Sab ib.fBAYTN 210).
2# N30N, pi. '30N, NniaON n.m. Dilmun date
(< Akk asnu CAD PJ2 338; OfA ]'30X pi.
DNWSI 89) sg. X30XT xnX'ltfp the stones of a
Dilmun date AZ 28b(6) [in a medical recipe; cf.
CAD ib., usage c]; X3DXT XTV1 scrapings of a
Dilmun date /JZ28a(38; Ar [AC 2:356]); pi. 'IBn
'30X1 dates and Dilmun dates Pes 107a(23) [used
for making beer]; XTVUOXT (XTI'l) scrapings of
Dilmun dates Sab 109b(23; GnK5 169:1) [M:
xn'jox]
Geon. expl.: 0'TirW Dnan TGAs42 164:2 [on Pes ib.]; bv ]Vx
]VD Vim TTITB ]'-OJ'3» Jim GnK5 ib.; Lit: Stol, Beer 160.
3# NJ0N n.m. storehouse (?; V]0X; Sy kIajok'
LS 35) pi. in'30X3 '30 ViDp'3 let us kill the old
men in their storehouses Bo 78:19
The Tg form given in J 95 is not corroborated by Sperber's ed.
«]0N vb. to gather (< H «]DN HAL 71, J 95) Pe.:
in"? T'n'ai 'soxi in'3a 'sn ":y '"71x1 the poor go,
borrow money from them, gather (the Sabbatical
produce), and bring (it) to them San 26a(9) [expl.
MH n'yaBT 'SOIX Mib. 3:3]
N3TS0N n.m. white lead (< MIr *ispedak
< MIr *spedak [cf. MP spedag white (of egg)
CPD 76, NP sapeda white lead PED 653]; Sy
rdaa i ^ mr? LS 35, > Arab c'-^i white lead
Goltz, SGMPCM 246) sg. Git 69b(45) [in a
medicinal recipe]
Geon. expl.: TO '3730 Xim JXTBDX OHT Git 157:21 [v. also
TRN 620:15]; GC 15:7; but cf. RaH: IW^a ]71<X)tlX! Xim 'n >p3
'any OHR ib. 46:1, i.e. jjiO mercury; Lit: Geig, AAC 45, 289;
Tel 21.
NTVSON, NT^BOIN n.m. vaulted chamber
t ■ : : ■ '
(< 4fcdi5iov Lehnw 90; 4- XTJ03X; Sy

KripspK
150
"ION
K'n . \ «N mw' LS 36, LJLA XT^SOIX TgPs 57:1)
sg. XT'jSOX n"»a in the vaulted chamber
accrued to one (as his part of the inheritance) BB
7a(33); XtVboxt xaiB the entrance of the vaulted
chamber ib. 34; 41; XT^BOlXi Bo 14:13
[4- XJVTC'X]; pi. Mi '3t H'^SO'K 1tT>dV in1? XJPTn I
have seen all the vaulted chambers of your house
Men 33b(33)
Geon. expl.: 110^71 yxhl XT^BOIX XVW nTIODX em'Bl GC
196:6; Jie^ XTJMX J1WX 'T^BOIX XVI in KTJD3K1 XT'jBD'X
'D3rl TGAs28 67:21; Lit: Krauss, TAr 1:363s49; Y: XT7B0X BB
7a(33;BAYTN312).
NflOSOK n.f. alfalfa (< MP aspast clover, alfalfa
CPD 12 [< OP as/w horse + asti fodder]; Sy
rc^i m <\ m< ^A; ,», » ^ » ls 36, 582; cf. Akk
aspasta an edible garden plant CAD A/2 338) sg.
a. general: XUDBOX1? XJHX V>2p XDS IT PN leased
a field (to raise) alfalfa BM 109a(23); ib.
106b(30); XnDSDXT H"WO a garden bed of alfalfa
BB 37b(15); BM 109a(28); XT1DS0X "jtSpi 1X13 'Xn
one who cuts down alfalfa Sab 73b(15); San
74b(18) [food for animals]; Sab 155b(10; M); Er
44b(12); Yev 121b(49); BB 20b(41); Seel 44:96;
xfiDBOX HP 202:12(HPP 304:20); 'TD nVn n"?3X
XJ1DB0X ]113 pi' I'nVna (if) he consumed three
crops from it [i.e. the field] in thirty days, such
as alfalfa BB 28b(22); b. w. designations: X"IP3
XriODOXI alfalfa seed San 93a(30); XrvrriB
XTIOBOXI long stalks of alfalfa BQ 20a(24); xnp'J?
XTipriy XT10B0X1 a root of old alfalfa Git 69a(19)
Geon. expl.: npviy ruBn n»'wn 'pxx xnp'ny Knosoxi xnxp'y
OHT Git 155:12, i.e. *S£c- SjLj iiijiU J^.1 root of an old
green trefoil plant; XIBOB jni 'BBOX X1T'3 WD OH San 489:2;
Lit: Geig, AAC 46; Tel 22; Low, Flora 2:464. If the proposed
OP etym. is correct, then a connection w. NB aspastu edible
garden plant is doubtful [v. CAD ib. 338]; Y: xriDBON Sab
155b(10;BAYTN280).
N^aiSON n.m. quince (Sy ** V- \j * ™<f LS 36,
Peh ideog. X^lVsD FiP 4:18, > Arab JfjLi PLAr
161) pi. ^IISDX GC 140:4(0) = ib. 204:24 [expl.
MHpmD MUqs 1:6]
Lit: Low, Flora 3:242+.
N111B0N n.coll. (unclear) sg. TTi X(1)(,nSD,X
XV1X 'tt?'Vl£/a his ... comes on Tuesday Ket 3b(28)
[Var: hlTTBOX OHT ib. 5:2]
Geon. expl.: JB^wW 3Tlpa OHT ib.; Lit: Geig, AAC 47, rejects
Gr and P derivations.
*6pippx, sVeipo n.m. finger bone, blow
from snapping finger (< o-kot&^ti finger bone
L-S 1617, mng. 5, Lehnw 95; Sy •* V \~ ™ f*^
staff LS 37) 1. finger bone: sg. X*7BlpOX XpW
'XJllDX jXTIHI he took his finger bone and hit me
on my forehead Tan 25a(44; MGG 828:9) [Var:
x"?DipD3 ^ pit? M2; 4- ylp-KI pe., mng. 1]; 2. blow
from snapping finger: pi. ,!7DlpOX ]TW T'naj
let him hit him sixty blows from his finger AZ
28a(42)
Note, however, Geon. expl.: "[3 ... 'XJ11BXN X^Blptn ('Xlfr pnB
mai raa nmx bbibi una by lyaxx mx <\nw x'pBipo bits
wx psbi xin -n-ni... te+^y Jjii] nyaxxa ,mpi "x iTan nx
mXD by '^Bipoa man nil OHT Tan 33:3; Y: xVBipOX AZ
ib.(BAYTN 303).
NlpON n.m. a type of locust (< daKapi<;
Schuithess, ZA 19 [1905] 126; Sy rC-Uuorc'
[sic!] LS 37 [Lex]) sg. Hul 65a(36; MGL
259:16,Ar [AC 1:198]) [expl. MH "?n? Tib. 3:25;
Var: XIpSX HG3 192:6; XTJDX V12]
The expl. of Eps, Stl 37+, should now be rejected; Y: XlpOX
BAYTN 214.
"ION, 'ON vb. to bind, imprison, bind with a
spell, forbid (4- XTIO'X, XJVTID'X, 2# XIO'X, TDX,
XrnOX, 'TDX Tl'3, XlOXa; Sy ■UbK' LS 37, Ma
"IDX MD 29) Pe. (a/a) 1. to tie, bind: a. general:
'"IBM "IDXT "iyDX» xpi nVTm ]1'3 when they saw
that he was in pain and was tying and loosening
(the bandage on his circumcision) BM 86b(50);
iT'TIBI xyi33 nnox x"?Amn VCX he brought a
cock (and) tied it to the foot of his bed San
105b(32); Sab 110a(19); MQ 16a(21); Git
69a(6); HXrj 10X1 XW'DB XpT vegetables from a
bunch which a gardener tied (together) Hul
105b(35); b. belt on loins: x:rroi X3J1B lOXT ]XB
rPSirn one who ties a linen cord on his loins BM
113b(27); x:"»n lO'D1? Xmnno is it an effort to
tie (his) belt? Sab 10a(5); Ber 60b(36); Meg
27b(44; G) [4- xm]; ^na« 85:20; 2. to
imprison, incarcerate: inmn1? X'131 X310X1
inmnb X'lSJI I imprison the men and the women
separately Tan 22a(15); 3. to bind with a spell:
X31X XTin^ nmox she bound that boat with a
spell Sab 81b(43) // Hul 105b(38); ps"? xnox
XTiai XK/'3 xmO'X3 I bind you with an evil and
cruel spell Bo 4:4; ib. 50:5; 63:1; pre moxi
KJ10N 151 KliariDN
X^tlBI XOTJ niD'Xa I have bound you with a bond
of bronze and iron Bo 17:7; pass.part. prwsa
prraTim ]WTDX p'DX ]OTTDX you are
subdued (and) bound. Bound, you are bound and
sealed Bo 4:1; ib. 18:8; 35:6; 52:17; 76:9; 4. to
forbid, prohibit [caique < MH IDX J 98; JPA 1DX
DJPA 68, mng. 2; w. mb, mX?y upon s.o.]: XDIS'IB
XJSrn nDX Xp the Merciful One forbids
licentiousness Yev 55b(18); nnOXl nn '3 1DX1
(if) two (witnesses) had come (afterwards) we
would have forbidden her Yev 92a(14); Qid
13b(25) [I Vl#'-Itf pe., mng. 4]; X3"l HIDX
Xnm33 nba'tt1? n'pTnsa PN of GN forbade eating
it with the /t.-dish Pes 76b(32); Zev 95b(26);
'Sn '»pa X"lp IDX 1DU;Xt xnnXT Scripture forbade
his wife's sister before this Anan 105:14; ib.
101:3; xr-ltf X"ntPB X1?! X31DX lO'D X1? X3X1 I
neither explicitly forbid (it) nor explicitly permit
(it) AZ 40a(33); 'IE? bxiwi IDX 3T PN forbids
(it) and PN2 permits (it) Sab 19b (19); XDX 3T
'12? "?S1Dtt?1 [IDX =] ib. 146b(36); Meg 26b(22);
AZ 32a(12); Hul 52a(10); xniO'X ~pV TOniDX
DVybT I have forbidden them to you forever AZ
33b(20); in'1?? IDX X1? 'a did he not forbid (it) to
them? Er 68b(51); Hinx nDX (the people) forbid
(access to the areas) upon each other Er 84b(15);
n'T3 lnrBp'a1? n,!? nox they forbade him to hold
them [i.e. the phylacteries] in his hand Ber
23b(20); X131X 7b ]n0X1 do we prohibit her to
her husband? Git 88b(36); "ia Vr? ID'1? forbid (it)
to them Er 40a(15; O); pass.part. a. alone: sg.m.
TDX IX n» is it permitted or forbidden? BM
72b(38); AZ 39a(22); TDX nO'a ia pi na p
according to you and him it is absolutely
forbidden Pes 23b(27); f. XTDX //P 202:10(HPP
304:18); XTDX 'a TPVP na3m is Greek wisdom
forbidden? BQ 82b(41); nms XTDX 'H'XI U'OT
XTDX 'HJ since she is forbidden, her rival wife is
also forbidden Yev 10a(28); pl.m. 'T0X 'piT the
yellow ones are forbidden AZ 33b(35); f. 'CU "73
]TDX '"131 all married women [lit. wives of men]
are forbidden AnanSch 18:25; b. w. fol. 'b: J1TDX
'V you are forbidden, to me San 22a(32); XTDX
'"in '31? she is forbidden to two [i.e. to marry two
men] Er 100b(41); c. w. fol. inf.: TDK T3 'yiSPS
breaking eggs is forbidden Sab 109a(15); Er
104a(40); ntysV 'pipiTX1? XTDX she is forbidden
to have sexual relations with her husband Anan
60:23; ib. 71:24; 100:16; 5. to stop diarrhea:
ID'a1? Git 69b (27) [v. Geon. expl. infra]
Itpe.(a) 1. to be bound, tied: XTJ'T X1HH -KMl'X
DJIXn Dpn'XT that ram that was placed there was
bound Anan 75:21; 2. to be imprisoned: llDJT'X
xnv>i wxn p nxa xaim xpir na tj nxa x:3i
llBp 13 X'ttnwai PN, PN2, the son of the exilarch,
and PN3 were imprisoned iSGF 96:15; 3. to be
closed: 'xVsST Xn^'JD "73 pOD'X all the
synagogues of the Babylonians were closed iSGF
97:8; 4. to be bound with a spell: TWV XVim
n'3 linnorrai ri3T with that great name with
which you are bound Bo 33:17; ib. 21:14; 5. to
be forbidden: a. of a person: ""Xm "IDJVa 'S
irr>D3 non,(a){X) when he is forbidden for this
one, he is forbidden for all of them Naz 62b(12);
Yev 33a(6); XTWab innDTl'X you were forbidden
to drink Pes 103b(4; C); b. of an act: ah niDD'X
xnorva it is not explicitly forbidden AZ 52a(13);
in1? norPXT f? XJai how do we know that (sexual
intercourse) was forbidden to them? San
108b(36); Ket 75a(l 1); Nid 23a(48); V»Un IDD'n
~by may benefit from me be forbidden to you
Ned 23a(19)
Geon. expl.: xmWOHTGit 157:13, i.e. lili stopping it up [i.e.
the bowels; cf. Akk eselu to be constipated CAD E 329].
kj-iok I xno
NJinON n.f. band(?), bundle (4- VlDX) sg. Xriann
njnXT xm0(X>T the sealing of the band of the
earth Bo 106:11
Lit: Harviainen 17.
[lanoK 4- Vnao]
na'nox 4- Vn:o
SniariON, Km3B0K n.m. provincial chief
(< Mir *ostandar [< ostan province + -dar
holder; cf. NP ostan PED 120]; > Sy
rc'4-UiuiBcirc' LS 38, > Arab jliiiil) sg. XTttflOX
Iff'aT the chief of GN Qid 72b(ll; Ar [AC
l:206],Ed) [O2: XTUD0X]; n32?3T XTI3TOX Git
80b(3; Ar [AC ib.])
Cf. GN X':in0X Ket 11 la(29) [lit. government seat]; Lit: Geig,
AAC 52; Hoffmann, Auszuge, 93832; Christensen 139; Tel 12;

NJ7N
T T
152
1#KSK
T ~
Y: XTraoX BAYTN 315.
[npnoN 4- Vi#npo vb.]
NJ7N n.m. wood (TA XJ/X TO Lev 14:4, JPA yx
djpa 68) sg. 'ysxx pnx 'yaxx pn xao xyx a
good piece of wood, two finger-widths by two
finger-widths 57 488:1; ib. 489:10
«1N conj. even, also, moreover (4- iVsX; TA *]X
TO Num 16:13, Sy carV LS 38, Ma «]X MD 30)
a. in non-verbal phrases: 'I'm XTIE? X3X ^X I, too
(dealt with it according to) the discretion of the
judges Ket 94b(26); X1? px «]X 'Xin xb XJX I was
not (there). We also (were) not (there) Qid
44a(41); b. in verbal phrases: 1) bef. a pron.: «]X
xrjn mi px even we also learnt (in a Tannaitic
source) Sab 93a(25); Pes 35a(5); Yom 25b(21);
Hul 125a(39); 'V X'^p Xp 'T11? «]X even I had
difficulty with it Ber 49b(13); AZ 51a(17); Sab
109a(12); xyiX1? ,T0TDB bsi XVI «)X even he fell
from his throne to the ground Hul 59b(36); Sab
124b(4); Meg 12a(2); MW 67b(13); ]1X1X «]X
n'JV IB'inX you, also, excommunicate him
stringently Dec 4:9; *f?tn IX BTISOT ]K» «)X even
one who separates (the priests) or teaches Anan
22:19; 2) bef. a n.: |m X1? 'BJ 'B1B1 xn 1X1
X3Xn we also do not judge a case of a vow ib.
14:19; 'bllM1? mBJ '»: xVltta «]X even
concerning also a cooked item, finish cooking
(it) ib. 71:21; c. bef. an adv.: DIED TOH IX ]'3
x©'3 nth pis'i pnyi Vmr xn xbk; pn so
moreover now by means of the great name may
the evil dew fear, flee, and go out Bo 3:11; ib.
9:15; "?S "?y I'^'X '3(')3T +mi ]B 'V TTOX X1? «]X1
XaVya DyiB DIB/ pi ['^B 13] moreover I have not
retained anything at all anywhere from the price
of this sale regarding NN [i.e. he owes me
nothing] SSHai 6a(12)
Y: >|N Sab 93a(25).
- I? b% *]N, ajVySN conj. even though (JPA
Sltysx DJPA 68) a. fol. by non-verbal phrase:
Xin X31BB IX1? Xffltfm 1"5?X even though now it has
no monetary value [lit. it is not money] BQ
105a(20); 'B'^XI l"yx even though they are thick
BB 69a(14); Ber 44a(32); Hul 76b(l); Zev
91a(10); b. fol. by verbal phrase: nbl 3J Vy *]X
'yaw even though I did not hear Hag 3a(28);
pan niBXn l"yx even though the scholars said BB
71a(23); San 48a(15); //«/ 56a(14); 31 by «]X
xnat> nV'm 'apa x^irra ,na b'nnxn even though
he began it from the weekday before the Sabbath
takes effect Anan 69:12; ib. 6:6; 25:13; HP
201:15; 7/G//a/* 86:23; ib. 165:6; aityBX Geon
182:28
Generally abbreviated I"yN; Y: 3J ty IX Ber ib.
- 'S 7J7 *]K prep., conj. even though (< MH J
99; JPA 'S by IX DJPA 69) I. prep.: p B"yxi even
so /JgF 44:14; i& 39:12; 73:16; II. conj.: B"yx
ni?b '03'3 "7 ir7T even though the borrower does
not have property Git 50a(3); p'aox X7n B"yx
even though (the meat) did not become red Pes
74b(41); Suk 36b(3); £r 99a(23); Yev 102a(38)
1# KSN, KMK, pi. '?N, 'SIN n.m./f. face, ways,
front side, surface (4- 'SXn 'jail; Sy Kl£ar<',
rCkrf LS 39, Ma X'SJX MD 27) 1. pi. face,
countenance: a. general: 'ntSIT 'SX1 'anan 'SX a
large face (of a man) and a small face (of a
cherub) Suk 5b(15) // /Yag 13b(39); ib. 48; K?v
106b(34); Kef 61b(l) [4- Vl#Tlin pe.]; 5a«
96a(52); Sot 45b(41); n'BX '©a '3 when he
washes his face Ber 60b(42); Sab 133b(39); Tarn
32b(ll) [4, Vl#nt5 pe., mng. 3]; San 104a(24)
[4- Vl»aa pe., mng. 5]; Anan 19:17 [4- V"U0 pe.];
BQ 85b(20) [4- Vppn pe.]; xn Xnan7 HSXT xn
XnB7 HDXT this refers to when (the animal)'s face
is to the field, that to when its face is to the town
BM 3la(28); b. in idiomatic expressions w. var.
vbs.: I) Vl# "px af. to be forebearing: ,TSX "pxa
n'(n)U)'n 'an He is forebearing in collecting
what is His [i.e. punishment] BQ 50a(48); 2)
V"lin af. to turn one's face, to face: 'SX Tina X71
'W33 'a? he does not face the synagogue Ber
6b(29); Sab 62b(24); ib. 104a(22); BM 25a(19)
[of a basket]; "Xn -\TT\b 'SX mna DX if he turns
(his) face towards you he will live HM 43:15;
TO'B n'BX nna TTnXT Xay a people whose master
has turned His countenance from it Hag 5b(13);
Sot 39a(21); Er 94a(6); Pes 86b(30); K>w
73a(28); BB 59b(15); A/g 22a(10); SOZ 72:25;
3) VlTin af. to shame publicly: 'BJX 'niWX 5M
58b(49); 4) V'tn pe. to greet s.o. [lit. see the
face]: X37B 'SX 'tn'B7 to greet the king Ber
C)'SN3 153 ''SN NVa
9b(40); 5) -X/7y 7B3 pe. to fall downward,
prostrate o.s.: (a) general: "|'Snn'X1 n'BXX "?S3
nmnx1? 'PSJI (the ox) fell face downward,
overturned, and fell on its back BQ 53a(13); Ket
63a(9); (b) prostrating o.s. in prayer: "7DJT rpnaWX
rrsJX bj? he found him lying prostrated Tan
9b(5); Meg 22b(25); Sot 22a(32); Qid 81b(9);
BM 59b(42); AnanMann 4r:16; 6) V"!3D af. to be
friendly [MH2 D'JS T3DH J 951]: 'SX V\b 130X X1?
he was not friendly to them Tan 23b(l); 7) V^ap
af. to greet s.o. [Sy rdiW .\ -n nr^ LS 642,
mng. 2]: ,TSX 'biapx1? Sab 108a(32); Xn'^l friVn
Xai' b? n3'3© 'SX 'VapaT 'P'1X thirty-six
righteous men who greet the Divine Presence
every day San 97b(41) // Suk 45b(31); Hag
5b(40); 2. front side: sg. X13J 'sVa HBX its [i.e.
the lung's] front side facing the man (examining
it) Hul 47a(6; V11); HP 201:1; 3. surface: sg.
xrf?naT XSX the surface of the leather sheet
OHTSab 73:28; ib. 74:3; 8; pi. XnX'nmX 'SX the
other surfaces ib. 14; 4. way, manner, means
[archaic and dialectal]: sg. 'Xm XSX Xin aTD 'X,11
'TXm '3 !mnx XSX (Xin) a'na this (interpretation)
is written in one way and that is written in
another way as is fitting ISGF 52:3; ib. 49:19;
xs:x in imn prxi xsjx in xartn x^n:xT hb rrx
there is something which we regard in one
manner, and which they regard in another manner
OHT Ket 134:4; XS3XB H'3 Tin'a1? ]71U T1X 'XT
XJ'tnx if the giver comes to retract in another
way TGHark 35:11; ib. 47:17; XDJX nV Tfbl
nri'a 'Tya xV'X XSl'a1? she has no means of
collecting (her ketubba) except through witnesses
of the death (of her husband) TGAs42 21:21; ib.
63:18; 91:11; 14; pl.cs. XroV'n 'SX nD'^Tl thirteen
ways (of interpreting) the misnayot Ned 4\a(l9);
ib. 21; det. XJTrum 'SJX ^3 all kinds of business
TGAs33 209b:5; SSHai 5a(6); iSGF 36:10; ?m
'a'an "nm 'm 'vb 'sx x'aans fpxb nam 'a'sx
'SX X"3ari3 TIT PN expounded Ps 79 in eight
ways. Another version: Ps 119 in eight ways Qid
31b(8); 'SX X'jan Ber 4b(36) [w. ref. to the
eightfold acrostic Ps 119]; 'SX nrfrn three ways
AnanSch 25:9; 'B2X TO3 TGHark 98:5; ib.
276:34; 164:16
Y: 'SK Qid 29b(46; BAYTN 98).
- (')'SNa, (")'S3N3 prep, before, in the
presence of (Sy $£r<L± LS 39, s.v. nixari'
mng. 6, Ma X'S:X3 MD 27) a. w/o suf.: '1TO 'BX3
before witnesses Ket 77b(6); Ned 45a(l); "7TX
xrfrn 'SX3 n'yiS he went (and) paid him in front
of three (people) Svu 42a(32); b. w. suf: lsg.
'XSX3 Ber 20a(26; MGG 826:12); 2m. -|BX3 ib.
56a(21); 3m. n'BX3 MQ 20b(50); H'BJXa AZ
41a(21); 'mSJX3. SSHai 12b(5); f. HBX3 Er
75b(9); HB3X3 Ned 7b(18); lpl. X3XB3X3 SSHai
4b(16); 3m. VTBX3 Yev 67a(35); pn'SX3 5.?//a/
9a(15);- n'B3X3 X'aiX 'tan Hb do not shame a
pagan in his [i.e. a proselyte's] presence San
94a(39); H'BXa Xaa1? X1D1 he closed the door
before him BM 86a(25); AZ 70a(12); Er 75b(9);
Sg 112a(38); HBX3 T]b lapT (the thieves) stood in
front of it [i.e. the animal] ib. 56b(2); ]y'JS T'inn
13'131 'BX3 you should be modest (even) in the
presence of your husbands Sab 140b(28; O);
X3BJX3 Tlim Ximntt? testimony which was in our
presence S$Hai 14b(4); Dec 9:19; xmn'XT 1XS3
'aXT 1.TS3X3 it is as if it were clarified in their
presence TGHark 111:26; f?TX xpi3 "|SX3 fOTBl
X'131^3 (your daughters) will seem to you as if
they are going into captivity Ber 56a(21); c. in
phrase "»BJ 'B(3)X3 by ... self: XH^ nb 'iTim X3'X
TOBJ 'BX3 XTiya© there is someone who
transmits this legal tradition by itself [i.e. w/o the
name of a tradent] Sab 54a(21); Ket llb(8); Nid
29a(13); ib. 68a(36); TVDtil 'SX3 Xim Xin "?3
X3TI3 each one (of these statements) is written
separately (in Scripture) San 56b(54); Ber
49a(31); VTOBJ 'BX3 TOip'V let them be
consecrated separately (from the field) BB
103a(2); ib. 90b(7); 'BX3 miSB XBT1 XBV "73
Xin n'2?B3 every single day is a separate
commandment Suk 45b(48); Pes 110a(l); Htn
T\V21 'BX3 X'3n Xin each (tractate) was learnt
independently ISGF 32:5
Y: H'BXa Gil 38a(45; Mo 220).
— "'SK N?3 prep, not in the presence of ...
(4- x"?a mng. 2) man Kb nSX XV3 when not in her
presence do not practice (mourning) MQ 20b(38)
// Ket 4b (25); 33J in'BX3 abl milBTXI 'ino 1T1X1
witnesses came and proved them [i.e. the

(")'SN>
154
T -:
previous set of witnesses] false that he had not
stolen in their [i.e. the previous set's] presence
BQ 75b(37)
- O'SKV, '5^ PreP- towards, opposite (Sy
•i&r<S LS 39, mng. 7) 1. towards, at: 'BX^> in
man one towards the other Anan 9:13; 'BXV
HXin towards each other ib. 83:20; 88:1; Seel
128:7(Var); n'Bxb wm XpBJ his wife went out
towards him Tan 23b(6); Ket 17a(18); ib. 63a(6);
AW 50a(25); BQ 104b(17); BM 46a(14); San
14a(46); Hul 7b(14); 5o 125:6; mm Xiaa Xin
n'SXV CITiXp he saw a ferry coming towards
him Hul 95b(12); 5S llla(37); lin'BX1? 'Iff
throw towards them HM 43:4; H'BXV '»nj xp mi
(the lions) were roaring at him San 59b(40); VDpX
X3^a 'Bxb they acted brazenly towards the king
Bek 9a(4); 2. opposite: 4- Voip pe., mng. 11.12
- '3^3 prep, towards (< 'BX^O*; 4- X"1?; MH
'£#5 Yeivin, BV 946) X'Ma XW 'B*73 V?BX XBXW
boldness is effective even towards Heaven San
105a(53); Tan 22b(19); Ber 34a(l) [+ //'s;
4- xnrnn]; na 'SV3 towards the outside Tarn
27a(19) [expl. MH lOliBb ib.]; 5M25a(19); //«/
43b(45); Nid 26a(13)
Y: 'sV? Ber ib.
- 'SK !?J7 prep, in front of, upon (4- by; Sy .\ \
li* LS 39) 1. in front of: Ned3la(3l) [4- XJ'3T
mng. 1]; 2. upon: HSX by Bo 38:3 ib. 100:6;
115:7
2# NBN n.m. hyena (< XJ?BX* < xysy* [cf. BH
irax HAL 936, Arab ^ Wehr 535]; 4- 2#XBT;
Ma 2# XSX MD 30, Sy rt. < ^ LS 42, TA X'j?BX
pi. TJ IS 13:18) sg. BQ 16a(46) [expl. by 4- XHB1
ib.]; ib. 47 [expl. MH yi3X ib.]; X13H XBXT X3TO
the hide of a male hyena Yom 84a(9; E1)
Geon. expl.: eny jitrtGi xna: lrirota mix pip orarov xbx
B'non nx noons x'm niny naxn I'Vsyatr jwtai oVrn OHT
Yom 34:9, i.e. el4-j£ <JJJ jackal; Lit: Nold, MG 582; Geig,
AAC 53; Y: XBX Yom ib.(3).
NHSN n.f. mansion, large house (< OP
apadana palace, audience hall HAp 104; Akk
appadan(u) colonnaded audience hall CAD A/2
178, TA n'nDX TJ Jer 43:10[Var], Sy ndin-StV f.
LS 40, > Arab o*. pi. u1^' Fr, AF 27) a. general:
sg. 'Bin xnVp'px XHBX KM! XIU Xinn a certain
man who built a mansion on a garbage dump of
orphans BQ 21a(25); MQ 12a(9); BB 25b(48);
£A/35a(33); &6 77b(35) [expl. ib. as j'T xnri'BX
on this entrance]; KJl"T3 XHBXT X7WX ^>SJ the
outer wall of the mansion collapsed Er 25b(14);
Ber 56a(47); n'TTBX X"J"J mn his house used to
shake (from the pounding) BB 25b(49); X^ltJ
n'HBXi the shade of his mansion Ket 62a(36); pi.
'HBX f3171 a courtyard of large houses BB
98b(19) [expl. MH Ti'mp ib.]; ib. 6b(3); IT'JTBX
Ae/ 97a(34); ib. 50b(24); n'Ona xniST "bp^p by
xma@DlDT 'HBX ty X^l 13TI dwell in the
garbage dumps of GN and not in the mansions of
GN2 Kar 6a(12) // Hor 12a(45); 'HBX 'inn
7T&4j2tf 58:27; b. in GN's: sg. nniEH xnBX 5M
86a(12)
Geon. expl.: TOW <n>inn«3 XT1 nT3 nrfown XH8X OHT BQ
10:28; Lit: Geig, AAC 53; Kut, Studies 174 [Heb]; Tel 24; on
the semantic shift here, cf. Ma xVsTl homestead MD 143,
originally palace; Eshel, JSB 23+ [usage b]; Voc: XJiSS HPP
280:19; Y: XJ19X Ber 56a(47; BAYTN 302).
NniSN n. (uncertain) TX niBX Bo 36:9; ib. 8
N31BN n.m. a type of demon (lit. one who
overturns; 4 Vt^X qatol-form) pi. '31BX Bo 36:6;
ib. 8; 9
"B1BN prep. 4- XaiB n.
'J71SN v.n. end, exit (lit. dismissal, taking out;
4- VpBJ af. inf., mng. 11.14) only in fol. phrases:
— KTiV 'j?iBK n.m. dismissal of a (holy) day
(4- xai') X»T 'piBXa xai' 'Vl'y '3Xff the ushering
in of a (holy) day is different from the dismissal
of a (holy) day Pes 105b(13) // Ber 52a(23)
Y: X»i' 'jTIBX Ber ib.
— Nri3K? '(71SX n.m. Saturday night (caique
< MH TWO 'XXiD MBerK 2:5; 4- X;i3ff; cf. Sy
r^y S t ; n 4 S> LS 440, JPA nmw 'p(l)S
DJPA 443) sg. Sab 118a(13); ib. 119b(24); 13
XTUff 'piBX3 3119 DT ybpna when a holiday falls
on Saturday night TGAs28 186b:l; Anan 71:16
Y: Xfiat? '£19$ 5a6 118a(13).
NJTIBK n.f. forehead (< Akk putu AHw 884,
AIOA 85; 4- XB'"UX; Sy re'&o.aK' LS 39, Ma
l#xniBX MD 30) sg. Sab 80b(28) [expl. MH
'BH3X M§ab 8:4]; .TVIIBX XT H'1? mm XlsVl
Sa"IBN
155
^'SN
H'V xVtJpl lest she place her hand on his forehead
and kill him AZ 26a(25); pail Xlrt>33 XTp 'rl'X
nTilBXS he brought bitumen in a rag and stuck
(it) on his forehead Yev 120a(39); XIl'SIS pB31
n'TVIBXa Xlin a 'branch' of fire went out from
his forehead Tan 25a(37); ib. 44; XDIBXT X311X1
nBB lxV'X 'lXH Kb the length of the forehead is
only a handbreadth Anan 10:12; Ber 44a(16); Sab
110b(38);Pe.? 112a(5)
Geon. expl.: XVTS Jims TGAs28 165:29; Voc: n'lWBX VTM
26; Y: XJ11BX Pes ib.(66).
S3"tBN, N3'!BS 4- X3"T3X n.
NjnBN n.m. haughtiness (4- V2#tnS; cf. Sy
K'CuLa LS 562) sg. ln'tnBX VSII ]T3 since their
haughtiness is great Pes 50b(39; E2Vl7Ar [AC
1:210]); '■?!» XpT ln'tnBX (the biblical text) which
discloses their haughtiness San 57a(4; Ar [AC
6:307])
Geon. expl.: JB3 'y 'wVa WTO GnK5 176:4, i.e. jli boasting;
Lit: Geig, AAC 54; Y: WtnBX Pes ib.(BAYTN 208).
KFnOSK n.f. haftara, the prophetic portion
read after the Pentateuchal reading (caique
< MH2 mosn J 360; 4- VntsB af.) sg. pa xrnDBXT
in (the benediction) of the haftara is in pa Pes
117b(23); OHT Meg 66:18; pi. xmOBX nBD3 'XH
•T3 np'a1? TDX it is forbidden to read in the
scroll of the haftarot (on the Sabbath) Git
60a(17) [Var: XJ1(X>1{X)DBX ISO MGE 715:19]
Y: xrnOBX BAYTN 280.
'BK vb. to bake (4- XH"DX; Sy rCLvf LS 39, Ma
i# xsx MD 30) Pe.: xinns xs'a"? "jyi xnri'x x'nn
XJV3 a certain woman who went in to bake
(bread) in a certain house BQ 48a(15) // Sab
63b(4); 'bltm XS'a XJ?T mn Xin one
(maidservant) knew how to bake and to cook BB
13b(26); Anan 70:8; ib. 71:23; 'BX mn Xai' bll
in'3'D in ]V\b each day one of them used to bake
for (all of) them BM 81a(35); n"B'aVl n'antjaV
to grind it and to bake it AZ 65b(30); Bes
21a(39); 13'BXl ]3'tt?''? we were kneading and
baking BB 73b(22); Tib WBXp VlM TH are you
baking it in the weekday manner? Men 95b(31);
Xl'Bp Xt'Bp TBXT ]V\1 ytn 'Wl our women are
accustomed to bake (for Passover) one q.-
measure at a time Pes 48b(4); Ber 58b(14); 'XI
XpBB "75? n"SX if he baked it [i.e. the unleavened
bread] on the /.-surface HP 15:14; ib. 39:4; prai
n"7 ]31BX '313 we bake it in two loaves AnanSch
11:13; pass.part. Vari'Xa Tib 'BX 'XI if it had been
baked from the day before Men 50b(46)
'BN n.pl. 4- 1# XBX n.
[N-ITBN I X-ITB n.]
n'BN adj. (uncertain) sg. XDB1X3 Xn'BXT (a lung)
which is ... like a palm stump Hul 47b(4; HP
200:2)
SBiip'SN, NSntriBN, NBIIDBK n.m. trustee,
guardian, agent (< enitponoq Lehnw 104,
GLLT 56; Sy rdloi \ , ^rf, rdlo-t\rix'
procurator, guardian LS 40) 1. trustee,
administrator: sg. XBTID'B'X D'plXl 3'3ir;i (the
witness) died (and the court) appointed a trustee
(over his estate) Ket 109b(9); ^'3' ... XBTIDBX
Kb IX xrinx 'TIDBX Xin "lja1? (after the owner's
death) can an administrator appoint another
administrator (in his stead) or not? Geon
101b: 16; 2. guardian: sg. H'1? p'aplB Xl'jS TI'Xl
XplJ'V XBnDlBX we appoint a guardian for the
(orphaned) child over the other half (of the
property) BM 39b(18); 'an'T XSV1D1BX Xinn a
certain guardian of orphans ib. 42b(9); '5?3S Diaj?
mn 'am XBTID'BX PN, the dyer, was the
guardian of orphans Git 52b(12); ib. 52a(28);
SSHai 17a(ll); ib. 18a(l); Dec 9:6; 3. agent: sg.
XBTIB'BX 'bn 13 '"7B1? D'V'ap I have accepted NN
as (my) agent SSHai 9a(2); ib. 21
Lit: S. Assaf, TGAs27:433 [mng. 3]; Voc: KffTOBX HGP
23a:20; Y: XBTIOBX Ket 109b(9; BAYTN 303).
KniBi-KJ'SK n.f. guardianship (Sy
^A,'? c,A-i Y ; ^ LS 40) sg. XniBTItJ'BX 1D1? a
document of guardianship SSHai 17a(15); Xl'lpl
xniBno'Bxs Dp'a"7 maD"Bi rcb xryrwxi mir
lin^'T we called him, spoke with him, and
persuaded him to assume their guardianship [i.e.
of the orphans] SSHai 17b (4)
Nri"SN n.f. baker (4- V'BX; Sy k'SLlIk' LS 39,
Ma X"XSX pi. MD 30) pi. X71"BX \>W sixty
bakers Ber 58b(13)
Y: Xn^BX Ber ib.(BAYTN 75).
^'BS adj. overturned (4- V"]BX pe., pass.part.; Sy

mi'S'SN
156
1SK
kIAjl^co LS 179, Ma "|'By MD 31) pl.m. 'TXn
'a('}fl)BX overturned secrets Bo 112:6
NTPB'SN n.m. a high official (etym. unkn.) sg.
xmi D'pi xnvs'sx xnrs'sx 'ap xnu trpi xnsi
XOSn 'ap the n.-official holds a fire before the
'.-official. The '.-official holds a fire before the
commander AZ 1 la(7)
Y: IMPB'B AZ ib.
NIlp'BN n.m. blasphemous person (A form
< 'E7tiKO0po<; Epicurean Lehnw 107; Sy
«j»oi«_a_i-arc', pi. KJj-jjHo.-n «<SrC/ PSm 344)
pi. pan nyxan mp'sx 'n'aw blasphemous
people who vex the scholars are common Ned
23a(17)
"]SK vb. to turn over, reverse, destroy (4- X39'X,
X31SX, 1'SX, VlBH, V"|Sn; Ma "|SX MD 31, Sy
v^Sxn LS 179) Pe. (a/u) 1. to turn around,
overturn, turn inside out: ini'^Bp TPbllob ,T33X
vfr'D^ he turned around his sandal, (and) he
killed all of them [i.e. the doorkeepers] Bek
8b(19); ini'3SX "ax by PN came (and) turned
them [i.e. the bricks] around (to a north-south
orientation) Ber 61b(58); n'pnai .T3DX he turned
it [i.e. the oesophagus] over and inspected it Hul
43b(4); XiaV rroSX he overturned the vessel Yom
48a(4); pass.part. XXlDlV p'SX the curse demons
are overturned Bo 62:1; 2. to reverse: a. general:
nV xis'bx xpn xin xix... nV -px rrna x"n ^m 'a
when PN, his son, grew up, he used to reverse
(his father's instructions) to her [i.e. his wife].
(He said to him:) "It is I who reverses (them) to
her" Yev 63a(43); Git 67b(31); Ket 23b(24);
iTT7'y xnV OT3BX do you reverse the legal
decision against him? ib. 64a(l); BQ 74a(l);
pass.part. "]S'a "J'SXl (the case) is completely
reversed [i.e. the dog by leaping and the kid by
adhesion] BQ 22a(3); b. w. regard to an
explanation of a biblical or Tannaitic text: "pS'X
XIX let me reverse (it) [i.e. three witnesses for a
simple document and two for a double document]
BB 160b(3); Pes 95a(36); Tan 13a(l); Yev
97a(38); Svu 26a(29); Yom 33a(22); Yev 75a(21);
Men 74a(35); pDB'X =] H3S'X reverse it BM
58b(i); Men 93a(6); xnanoa xas'x/.nas'x
reverse it! It is reasonable ... Pes 28a(21) [add.
exx., s.v. X3T1X usage c]; n,B'a "TlB'l let us
completely reverse (it) Svu 8b(14); Zev 51b(3); c.
the names of tradents, esp. in contradictory
Tannaitic sources: XTl'na 'apa ]'n'ina "pS'l 'Xax
"ana 'apa xrrna1? TTSBfix namx why should
we reverse (the tradents of) our Mishna because
of the barraita? Just the opposite. Reverse the
barraita because of the Mishna BQ 96b(42);
n'tn 'xai xjrnju niB'x mnx ]"»p (x)(])jrina
XTl'ap "|1B'X XTinna IiasXT the barraitot
contradict each other. Reverse (the tradents in)
the latter one. Why do you reverse the latter?
Reverse the former Ber 25b(42); Sab 59a(14); Er
37b(9); Pes 5b(35); Ket 10a(18); Men 25b(15);
Hul 49b(9); 'i? XOH 'm XOTT "\b mtT 'TJ -pa'X
pm' "rib nasox xrrcna rasxn rrm 'xai mi,T
reverse (the opinion) of PN to that of PN2 and
that of PN2 to that of PN. Why do you reverse the
barraita? Reverse (the opinion) of PN3 BQ
69a(28); ... TISVl Xs? cbyb ... "|1B'X reverse (the
tradents). Do not reverse at all. It remains as we
originally reversed AZ 26b(33); ib. 27a(8); Ber
17b(32); Pes 49b(41); Ket 36b(55); San 42a(42);
-|'SX -|S'a yb V~\ PN actually reverses (the
tradents) Tern 33a(34); BM 102b(26); TBXTB1
'Mil VxiBP from the fact that PN reverses (the
tradents) and learns ib. 8b (12); niTOl iTDBX
'aina an Wlrf? they reversed [i.e. the tradition
of the tradents] and sent it to PN Git 59a(32);
Qid 44b(30); 3. to destroy, overthrow: 'jTXT
□nob "|B'a^> (Gabriel) went to destroy Sodom BM
86b(53); XBtyV n'3SXn n> xm do you want me
to destroy the world? Tan 25a(39; Ed); pass.part.
Hjnx na'DX the land is destroyed Bo 43:1; 4. to
shift (an oath to a legal opponent): na X15PT
rmiarcx xai nasx xnjnawx xTwrn I know that
she is suspect regarding an oath. PN shifted it
over to her legal opponent Ket 85a(30); "|9'B
'ynv p'asx nb xir'mxna njnarc (concerning) the
shifting of an oath, we do not shift an oath in a
Pentateuchal matter Svu 41 a(5); TGHark 161:15;
5. intr. to move around: '3SX XBty ,!?iaT p'3T
Jttin'B since everyone is moving around (the wine
barrels) he is apprehensive AZ 31b(7) [RaH: 'VlX
inxi]
[Pa. I Vnsn pe.]
>?SN 157 KIOSK
Itpe. (e) 1. to be overturned: njmn H'V X3'BI1'X
'^Sin the strap of his phylacteries was
overturned [i.e. the black side faced downward]
MQ 25a(45); Men 35b(21); lH'jna niBTl'X MQ
25b(20) [I l#xyi3, note]; 2. to be reversed,
change places: XJI'UIB^ X3BrJT'» xbl X'10 xb
the barraita [i.e. its tradents] must be reversed
BQ 69a(30); 'Bl'T XTITO B'pl n'"? X3BJl'an 'T'X
since (the dates of the month) would be reversed
[i.e. from the fourteenth backwards], he employs
the order of days (of the week) Meg 4b(19);
"pSJVX '31S;i'Xl (the birds) indeed changed places
Bes 10b(13); 3. to be destroyed: XaVy -]'Bri'B the
world is destroyed TGHark 208:4
Lit: Eps, MNM 589+ [Pe., mng. lb,c].
^>BK vb. to be dark (4- "?BX adj., x"7BX; MH ^BX
hif. LNVTH 104) Af. to obscure light: Xp
'XVy TV7BXB you are obscuring my light (by your
construction) BB 7a(19); ib. 34
VbK, nxVBK adj. late, n. late crop (i V?BX; TA
xftfBX' TO Ex 9:32, BH "?'SX HAL 76, Ma
X"xVBX MD 31) I. adj. late: sg.m. X*7SX XJHT late
sowing [i.e. at the end of winter] RH 16a(14; E2);
pl.m. '"?BX Hag 25a(19) [of olives]; AZ 75a(16)
// Nid 65b(4); Tan 3b(27) [of clouds fol. rain;
* lin]; Bek 57b(37) [of animals which give birth
between Passover and Shavuot]; f. XTIX'VSX RH
8a(16) [of conceiving sheep; cf. TW>'SX PT RH
56d(17)]; II. n. late blooming crop: sg.m. "7X1B2?
X"7BX iy in1? 'HK/a PN used to hold them back
until (the time of) the late crop BB 90b (21); x"7BX
XBin "tub to make a late blooming crop an early
blooming one MQ 6b(23); BM 106b(21)
Geon. expi.: mix imp >pinn 1W3 ik 'ywm yxnxa snuw nai
kVbx TGWeisz 87b: 1; Y: xVbN BAYTN 75.
ib'BN, iV'SN adv. even, conj. even if (< tVx) IX;
JPAri) V?'BX DJPA 70, MH2 l'j'BX J 103) I. adv.
even: a. fol. by a n.: Dm ma pan iV'BX even the
scholars concede in that case Sab 94a(21); l^'BXn
in1? p'Vra pao'an '^a even things which are
buried [i.e. treasures] will be revealed to them Git
56b(35); b. fol. by an inf.: xb '81 "WpX l^'BXT
llffp'X moreover they [i.e. the men of Jericho]
were not also even able to have an erection Zev
116b(l); Pes 55a(42); c. fol. by an adv.: 1) iV(')BX
'an even so: Pes 55a(48); RH 27a(28); Meg
5a(36); Qid 64b(30); BM 91b(10); Svu 31a(19);
2) nay'T I^OSX even after the fact: Afe^ 19b(43);
Kev 102a(19); 3) Xai» I^OSN even many: Er
45a(10); Pes 110b(14); Yev 44a(ll); BM
21a(26); Kar 13a(38); II. conj. even if: iV'BX
WT\b nais even if its mouth is downward Pes
74b(16); X5?nxx Tina I^BX even if (the
phylacteries) are placed on the ground Bes
15a(39); BQ 16b(21); Yev 72b(51); 'n xa'Tl l^BX
min' even if you say: It is PN('s opinion) Yom
lla(5); Bes 12b(36); BQ 12b(13); BB 68a(22);
na'py 'n ina'^ l"?BX BQ 91a(4); Sab 50a(43);
XJllEn nBID ]V an' l"?'BX even if a scribe gave us
permission (to make a correction) TGHark 230:2;
//P 30:2; Anan 60:3
The form l^BK occurs exclusively in Ms. H of Neziqin, as well
as in other mss. [e.g. the Y mss.].
NWBN, N1"I3S n.f. upper part (of a shoe, etc.;
I l#XriBX; Akk panatu front side AHw 818, Sy
•*")£ ' f- back of the hand, upper leather of a shoe
LS 578) a. general: sg. xmn Xnan xniBX '"?p'n
let him burn (the tube) on the upper side of a new
spade AZ 28b(26); b. esp. of a shoe: sg. D1»»
byii XniBX TVb mm because the upper part (of his
shoe) is (in the category of) V^a Yev 102a(31; Ar
[AC 1:221]) [w. ref. to fan Vj?a Dt 25:9; Var:
XJ11B M3Ar (X"0)]; pi. XT11BX 'B'O Xani "3X PN
and PN2 used to put on the upper parts (of their
shoes on a fast day) Tan 12b(ll; M2); jn»X X1?!
na ]b ri'1? xnpnxa bin xnisxa x"?x we only stated
(concerning patches) regarding the upper parts
(of the shoes), but we do not consider it regarding
the laces Ber 43b(48)
Voc: KJUB VTM 26; Y: Km? BAYTN 187, XmB ib. 30.
'jTiOSK n.m. name of a Babylonian accentual
sign (i VpOB af. inf.) BMsE 32:18; BMsN 4:23;
BMsJer 23:39
Lit: Yeivin, EI 16 [1982] 121, note.
1'fl30SN n.m. vermouth (< dvJiivOiov absinthe
Lehnw 111; JPA TU'rU'OBX DJPA 71) sg. AZ
30a(49) [expl. MH na ib.]
Lit: Low, Flora 1:99, 388.
tnOBN, KTOBK n.m. halter, cord (< Mir *afsar
[cf.*NP afsar PED 82]; Sy K'Uy LS 41,

«]BN
158
K>??1?K
> Arab jliu. camel halter Fr, AF 115) a. general:
sg. H1DBX Yev 46a(22; OHT ib. 107:18)
[4- XTVIpBX mng. 1]; b. w. V3TT af. to give lashes:
.tstox xidbx ,!7 a'ma xibit ia pn used to give
him lashes [lit. place a halter on his shoulders]
(to one who spread rumors) Qid 81a(21); b. fig.
in phrase XJHX1 XTDSX possession of the field:
sg. Xin XJHX1 'T0BX1 1BW '3» a deed is different
because it is possession of the field Qid 27a(15);
B£53b(8;P')
Lit: Geig, AAC 57; Shaked, Elements 148; Tel 25; Y: X"I0BX
BAYTN214.
*]BK 4- V*1SJ/ vb.
fSH, yty vb. to treat hides with gall nuts
(denom. < I XXBX) Pe.: pass.part. x"?1 n'ba xVl
rmp xVl f'BJ? (ixa is a hide) which is neither
salted, nor treated with gall nuts, nor floured Sab
79a(34) II Meg 19a(2) // Git 22a(33); JX'BXia ib.
19b(33) [to prevent forgery]; Men 31b(9)
Pa. id.: nail pTTO n'SlBjrt> 1T1X '31 when they are
engaged in treating it with gall nuts, they work
hard TGHark 226:14
NXBK, NXSJT n.m. gall nut (4- VfSX; Sy rc^ar^,
rf^J^i. LS 42, 539) pi. 3'T131 OIXIXBX1? inV '[1T1]
X'B3 he soaks the gall nuts and writes with (their)
solution TGAs28 17:22 [expl. MH J'^'B 'a Git
19a(43)]; 'SB? AnanSch 3:16; 'XBJ? 'ap ,1XB one
hundred qabs of gall nuts 5vw 42a(l) [Var: 'XBX
HP 126:15; v. ib. 125:34]
Geon. expl.: ]ty')lllD 'lp M'3-l)( 'V3 'XBy GC 140:6; but RaH:
nTDn "?» ,"U'5n} X"B D'^nW X*70 ^S "B OHR Git 55:8; Lit: Low,
Flora 1:631+; Nold, MG 582; Voc: 'XB# HGP 12a:23; Y: XXBX
Sab 104b(21; BAYTN 76).
NfflpBK n.f. neck, upper part of the date palm
(4- XpTIBH; TA n'fflpS TJ IS 4:18, Ma XTlipB MD
377) i. neck: sg. n'mpsxa rnosx n-b i<i>nw
they placed a rope on his neck Yev 46a(22; OHT
ib. 107:18); nrnpsx1? TOX1 ]'3 between its head
and its neck AnanSch 24:7; ib. 15; 17; We/
48:141; XTll'm XTVIpBX the animal's neck IHP
611:6; ». 10; 14; 613b:16; XTVipsxi 'pi'TB the
arteries of the neck HG3 156:44; 2. upper part
of the date palm: sg. nbpil XTVIpBX Xn Suk
13a(5)
Lit: Eps apud Low, Flora 3:23* [contra Flora 2:327]; Voc:
XllipBX HPQ 219:16; VTM 41; Y: XflipBX Suk ib.(BAYTN
286).
NflJTpBN n.f. suspension (caique < MH2 nypsn
J 362; 4- Vi# j?ps) sg. xvi xa'jai nnypsx Tryaw
the sabbatical year is a 'royal suspension' [i.e. by
scriptural decree] BM 106a(43); ib. 109a(22)
Y: XfiypBX BM 106a(43; BAYTN 280).
l#NJTTlj?BN n.f. ownerlessness (4- Vl#"lpS) sg.
X',1 XTTIIpBX Vai'a xp^OI XpT vegetables and
mangel-wurzels are in a state of ownerlessness in
the Jubilee year BM 109a(18)
2#NJTnj??N, KJTiTj?BK n.f. irreverence
(4- V2# ipB) sg. 1TV7X1? XTVnpBX1? (he is
excommunicated) for irreverence immediately MQ
16a(27); ib. 32; XTVIip?BX 'triTl'B 'a X3TI1 'XH '3
does such a case seem to be irreverence? Er
63a(30); Ket 60b(28); XVI XTTlipBX 'B3 X311 'XH '3
San 100a(12); Tarn 27b(47); Dpi 1'"? ]3'113B
XTVnp@'BX3 we give him lashes because he
remained irreverent Geon 201:18; TGAs42
165:11!
Lit: Lehnw 113; Y: XfflTpBK Ket ib.(287).
*OBK n.m. marsh (< Akk apparu reed marsh
CAD A/2 179, AIOA 35; JPA 1BX DJPA 71) sg.
HP 68:25
NDHSN 4-1# xtibtix n.
KT'IBN n.m. perh. row of bricks (< MP ?;
> Arab jjjil Fr, AF 22, PLAr 24) sg. BB 6a(27)
Geon. expl.: mpnn nrm yi....]yv mipn mnv inx -pi:
Inyanot 227:13; '<-|>nmx bricks TGAs42 157:4; Lit: Geig,
AAC 59, points out that no exact MP eq. occurs and compares
MP frasp entrance beam, MP farasb, ifrasb ceiling beam; Y:
XP1BX BB ib.(238).
V1BK n.m. praise (< MP dfrin CPD 5, Par pryn
Gignoux 46 [cf. NP afirin, afrln PED 82]) sg.
W'p1? «TT> n"0!33 pBX let us bring praise to PN
5M119a(17; V22)
Lit: Geig, AAC 59; Y: ]V)BX BAYTN 306.
NttDIBN n.m. balsam tree, balsam (< A
D03/Di£n w. dissim. of -ss- > -rs- Low, Lehnw
116 [not < Gr]; Sy rdia_a>-i<?_aK' LS 43, Ma
xatms MD 369) 1. balsam tree: sg. «/7 23a(20)
// BB 80b(39; Es) [expl. BH ]1SW fj? Is 41:19];
(X'31) XBD1BX 1,13 'Vniyi they will plant along
Xj?D-lBK
them [i.e. the Tigris and Euphrates] balsam
tree(s) Tan 25a(43); 2. balsam: sg. X'31 XB01BX
pure balsam Hor llb(43); Kar 5b(28); XTOB
XDD1BX1 balsam oil Sab 26a(4) [cf. Ma XW'B
XnoilBI MD ib.]; ^Z28b(19; M); San 109a(46;
MGG 310:13); Ber 43a(53; OHP ib. 113:2); HG1
138:42
Geon. expl.: ]X0^3 OHP ib., i.e. j^i Lit: Flora 1:302+;
Steiner, Fricative Laterals 123+; Y: XDD1BX RH ib.(BAYTN
296).
Kj?pnBK n.m. peach (< rceprjiKov Lehnw 493;
Sy J n.w^ LS 603) sg. Ket 112a(4)
Lit: Flora 3:161; Y: XJ7D1BX Ket ib.(BAYTN 296).
TplBK adv. on the back (< 4- "X + Akk
purqidam AHw 881, AIOA 84; 4- ppiB, VipiB)
rpisx 'in ]xax D"1? 'iV ]a yt?in' "\ PN used to
denounce anyone who used to lie on his back
(while sleeping) Ber 13b(48; F) // Nid 14a(6);
BB 74a(l)
Geon. expl.: V't 'xn 3t "b pi rvVya 'sVa v:bi to *?y aawn
Ar [AC 6:447]; Y: Tj?1BX BB ib.(BAYTN 306).
KH^nSK n.f. setting aside (4- VchB; TA
xfiWIB^ TO Ex 25:2) sg. AnanSch 4:17
XpatPBN n.m. a dish made of meat, beets, and
beans (etym. unkn.; < P ?) sg. '3'B Tajn X3'm
Xpatt?BXa m'3Bp where he included [lit. made] in
the '.-dish different types of beans HG1 103:66;
SMe/48:145
P expl.: S'll^l THUSl hVM '31113 SMel ib.; Lit: Low, Flora
2:413.
'b>3'n Nnt^BN n.f.pl. wild grapes (Sy
rr'io^a K'iviarj' Vitis vinifera silvestris LS
43, mng. 2) SMel 48:146
P expl.: M13 t'18 mountainous grapes; Lit: Low, Pfl 91.
l#NnBN n.f. upper room (perh. < Akk aptu
window, or (bit) appati portico CAD A/2 183,
197, AIOA 35; 4- XJ13BX) sg. BB 60a(8) [expl.
MH ,t;VX Mib. 3:7]; ib. 61a(7) [expl. MH 3?'r
Mib. 4:1]; 8; XX1BX 'mm xn2/'33 '33 in the
synagogue which is under the upper room Hul
92a(52)
Geon. expl.: ty xipn nwi xnpri 13 mpai nnx rn iV ww mx
XrlBX JlX1j?:i n'3,T 'XH TGAs42 137c: 15; Y: XMX BB 60a(8).
2#«nBN n.f. bread (< 4- XTTB) sg. H'la 713
NS'SN
t • ~:
XJ1BX 'Xm blessed is the Master of this bread Ber
40b(5; Ar [AC 1:246])
NJ73XX, pi. NnjraSN n.f. finger (4- Vy3X,
XJljnXX, X^yaSX J1'3; TA XJ/aSX TO Ex 31:18,
Ma X3SJ?, pi. XnX3S5? MD 355, Sy 2# rr'< -!«,,
pi. -^v ■^, rc'iLLa^ LS 620) sg. n'yasxa Vp'tt/
n'aiB3 rv^ n3X he took (a bit of food) on his
finger and placed it in his mouth Ket 61b(l); pi.
XTp1? xny3SX3 like fingers (sticking) into
bitumen Er 53a(38; O); n'^5?3SX |'mn his two
fingers Ber 56a(55); nTI5?3SX tt?an X^a his full
five fingers' worth AZ 29a(19); ]J73tt XpT
xai n'ny3XX his fingers were bleeding profusely
[lit. making blood flow forth] Sab 88a(54; M);
Ket 61b(6); Ned 49b(ll); ib. 21
Y: XrdnXX Sab ib.
Nn5n?«> Xnj73S1N, NnaSIK n.f. finger
(4- xyaxx; jpa nnyaxx det. djpa 72) sg. nspt
rrriyaSX1? he raised up his finger Bek 8b(35);
IJiyaxiXa Xp3B2/13 a signet ring on her finger HP
138:18; 'JTID1T il'riyaSX ... TOT\ "^j;3XX his
large/small finger AZ 29a(20); xnj?3XX «]13
l^xa^l xriTyT bend the small finger of your left
hand #M 45:6; ib. 46:7; XJ13X1X Er 53a(38; Ar
[AC 1:249, s.v. JHXX, X"0]) [Var: XTDSX ISGF
64:3]
xrosN 4- xnyasx
N11SN, pi. KTIIISN n.f. a plant (lit. sprout
[< Akk asitu; v. infra]) pi. XTl"tin XT111SX prickly
'.-plants Er 26b(36) [expl. MH I'Vapl? Mib. 2:6]
Geon. expl.: pox xni pinai D'unan 'wxt 10313 tH ixo ay nax
'jKyOB' ''JS OHP Er 90:27, i.e. a cactus-like euphorbia plant
[Arabic word unkn.]; Lit: Low, Pfl 109; Flora 1:606; Y: XflllXX
£Hb.(BAYTN 181).
- N^p'TI KIIXN, pi. NTTI1XN n.f. young sprout
of the date palm (< Akk asitum [gisimmarum]
AHw 1475, s.v. wasitu) sg. Ket 50a(31) [given in
solution as an antidote for a bee sting]; Pes
39a(10; E2) [expl. MH .13'arnn Mib. 2:6]; pi.
X^p'll XT1X1SX ib.(El)
KS'SN, KX'Xj; n.m. a type of pot (< XS'SJ?;
i'VfXX; MH yky Yeivin, BV 892; cf. Sy
rr'^o^rV' kneading trough LS 44, > Arab o~i^\
Fr, AF 69) sg. XlDini XS'SX a pot of A.-fish BB
159

NTTSK
160
tfipS
144a(29); TV1? WW X03 '31 <X)P)X'Xy xVpitf
H'WIX she took the chamber pot (and) poured it
out on his head Meg 16a(28)
Lit: Brand 403; Y: XX'XX BAYTN 53.
Nri'XN, pi. KJIN'XN, KTV'XX n.f. row (etym.
unkn.) pi. '3S1J "IC'ITl '33 NTO'SN flVn three rows
containing twelve vines (each) BB 12a(34) [Var:
XX1"X1X Ar (AC 1:253)]; ib. 41b(2)
Expl. Ar: nVYW AC 1:253.
NnnVSN n.f. success (4- V2# rfrX; cf. TA nfrinSxx'
TJ Is 33:20) sg. xrf?'a X'Vxi Xnrr7XX3 the matter
is dependent on success San 25b(5)
NttlBXN n.m. arrow (< aTOn(o|i.a L-S 1649; Ma
xaiaBX, xaiDDSiy, etc. MD 345, Sy pd5xi^»
LS 468) pi. X^PBT 'aiaxx iron arrows Bo 78:14
fXN, fSy vb. to press, squeeze (< py;
4 XX'XX, 1#XX'X, XXX'X; Sy^-il to compress LS
539) Pe.: [1]'DX i^XyaV it is forbidden to squeeze
them [i.e. dates] MQ 10b(30; Sidra 9 158:12) [C:
TOX TU'X'a]; in"? r'N Xpl he was squeezing them
[i.e. his fingers] Sab 88a(54)
Itpa. to be pressed together: "IX'TIXI (the
mountains) were pressed together Ber 54b(4;
OHPib. 105:13)
Geon. expl.: UM'iHXl OHP ib., i.e. -U~- VII.
KSSN 4 XXX'X n.
l#nSN vb. to store up (< BH "IXX HAL 79;
4 xnxx) Pe. (/u): yyv ri?n 'ts '"? mxx store the
fruit for me for three years BB 90b(34)
2# 12SN vb. 4 V-ixy
N1XN, mxy, cs. "1XK, 1XJT n.m. one who stores
up (4- Vl# 1XX pe., part.) sg.cs. 'TS nxx TOO PN,
the storer of fruit Yom 83a(l; M) [M2: "IXV]
'1SN, '"INXK n.m.pl. spices (Sy k't^k' LS 44)
nXXI XBn1? bread (made) with 'spices HG1
117:12(Var); '1XXX ib. 327:11; HG3 219:80; '3Xa
'1SX1 'bsm dishes for condiments and spices HP
25:3 [cf. f^nV© O'Vd HR 23:25]; 7Y14^2
160:8; '"IXCIlXX K'>n)j7'T! they pound spices
OHTKet 29:8; nX'X SMel 46:61; <6. 48:152
Lit: Low, Flora 1:717; id., Hoffmann Vol 120; Eps, Stl 252;
Geig, AAC 2, s.v. -|T3X; Abramson, Inyanot 238.
KFD^XK n.f. 'asraxta, a conclusion based on a
tons-argument (4 V"pX pe., mng. 1) sg. xm
-naVrn xnx3-ixxT mra nans pnaxpn xnonxx
'W'Vp 'P'SO 'piVo1? JX'nxi concerning the
'asraxta, we use the term [lit. say] ri3HX in most
cases of 'asraxta of the Talmud which come to
settle minor doubts TGHark 34:16; XH 13'"IXX
XrD-lXX ib. 18; 26; XJT7'a ^ XfD-lXX WiS '813
l'Tl'3na3 XTD'Xl in the gemara they explained an
'asraxta for each matter stated in our Mishna ib.
41:21; iSGF 53:11; ///> 191:11; pi. xriXDIXX
TGHark 34:16
nsaaipN*, N'SlpN n.m. cupola, dome (< MP
gumbad dome CPD 38 [cf. NP gimbad arch,
dome PED 1098]; Ma X3aip MD 408, Sy
t^^bo-o LS 640, > Arab *$ Fr, AF 288) sg.
ixwa xp mm xnxv?'1? -n ra-nn '"7 'Tn 'ttV
XIinaT nx(33)(33npx I, myself, saw Hormiz, the
son of liliths, who was jumping on the cupola of
GN BB 73a(28) [Var: XTIKH n.X331pX XD'p3 mm
XTinai Ar (AC 7:59); X'SlpX Ar (AC 1:259)]
The form of the word here is based on D'^IJOaw JWajlpN
TKel BM 8:2 [58014]; Lit: Geig, AAC 62.
[NnnpN 4- xri'np n.]
NOipN n. (unclear) sg. XOipx riK/B ...-oil HM
41:17
Gloss ib.: 'Y3 i.e. jj^i. gillyflower Wehr 267.
NSJlpK n.m. splinter (4- V«]p3) pi. "?'p©T jxa 'XH
'B'Via 'SIpX one who removes splinters from
garments Sab 75b(24)
Geon. expl.: D'Xy '-Q'Bl 'pO'B 1'OD Xf....] p'XW Dn31 'BlpX
"ran Dy I'nXJW TRN 613:3; OHP Sab 35:24; on rt., v. Fr, AF
237'; Y:'Bipx Safe ib.
B/ipN, Pipy" adj. hard, stale (< ©Ipy; 4- VtfpX;.
JNA anpy 'a<jrH.sa thick [of a liquid] HDJNA s.v.;
cf. Sy r^T n \ erection of penis LS 544) 1.
hard: sg.m. XCTpX Sot 4b(l) [* 4 T31]; //w/
105a(15); pl.m. 'Enpxi H^l p» a creeping
animal and carrion which are hard Nid 22b (21)
[* T3TJ DT ib.]; f. XTWipy 'yi3 hard pustules
HG3 151:88(Var) [quoted from Hai Gaon in S.
Ibn Jama', TOVW JToVn] = XTO'py Ar [AC 4:49,
s.v. 130]); 2. stale: sg.m. XB/lpX KM stale bread
Ket 39b(15); XB?1pX 'TJNEn Xan3 stale barley
bread gW 62a(2) [Var: XI&lpV ,"|5'0T Man1? MGN
556:6]
Y: KBipK &r ib.(BAYTN 66).
XfllDpX n.f. smoke-producing fuel (4- V2# nDp)
sg! inisra xrnopx x'ien inrrm xVm mn his
wife usually put smoke-producing fuel in the
oven (to give the appearance of baking) Tan
24b(55; M2)
Y: xrnBjJX Tan ib.(BAYTN 281).
D'pN adj. crooked (< D'p5?*; 4- Vapy pe., pass,
part.) sg.m. pn'mp1? ]Wya Q'pX their 'foot' [i.e.
the letters waw, etc.] is crooked on their front side
STage 88
JO'VpK n.m. key (< kXeTSci [ace. of K^ei<;]
Lehnw 123; 4- XT^pXI X33, l#xnnsa; Sy
p>'xj-Ldk' LS 667, Ma XT^pX MD 34, > Arab
ijlil Fr, AF 15) a. general: sg. '3'X '31 XI'VpX the
key of the storehouse of firewood Git 56a(28;
MGD 626:21); XT"?pXT X33 (wooden) handle of
a key Sab 89b(53); Men 57a(20); pi. 'T^px rbn
all the keys Git 56a(27); Pes 119a(31) // San
110a(42); b. fig. usage: sg. XltjaT XT'jpx the
'key' of rain San 113a(44); D'^an n'nm XT^pX
the 'key' of resurrection ib. 52
Y: XTVpX San ib.(BAYTN 235).
NriVi?*? «f- remission (4- VVVp) sg. Dec 6:1
(title); xrrns by xt xnVpx rrb isnsi they wrote
him this remission on the decree of
excommunication ib. 5; 6; 9
SSpX n.m. top part (< dKur, L-S 51; Sy
kL^ldk' stature LS 45, PSm 3529) sg. xapx
[Xn]1D1 top part of the caper TGWeisz 89b: 14
[expl. MH 1'0'ISp]
Geon. expl.: ]W^i mix imp inn 'ny ]wta 1'onsp 'rani
(Xn]nBT KBpK 'OIK IW^ai 1(a3)D3)^X 103 D^KyaB' TGWeisz
ib., i.e. jjiil >1j unripe portion of the caper; Lit: Eps, TGAs28
18118.
]pH vb. (uncertain; 4- XmpX; cf. Sy rCLo to
become dark in color LS 674b) Pe. perh. to
become green (?): ]1pX1 "inm they became
dark/green in color again Tan 19a(46); '3'"IX X1?
TIpXT Git 30a(38)
Expl. RaH: nv,lV Tim 'to inipT1? mn lipK "B OHR Git 19:8;
Lit: Low, Lehnw 124. The deriv. and mng. are uncertain.
KJVnpN, pi. KJV»:p« n.f. transfer of
ownership, deed of transfer (4- Vl#'3p af; MH2 '"ID©
2# NipN
riX3pn BM 13a[l]) 1. transfer of ownership: sg.
X'axi Xn'3pX ]113 xromx power of attorney is
like a transfer of ownership TGAs42 8:9; XJT3pX
Xm'ai complete transfer of ownership TGHark
94:1; 'XVI XniXlp'DS xn'3pX IX1? it was not a
contracted transfer of ownership TGAs42 61:11;
pi. XnXp'DS XriX'jpX OHT Qid 71:15; xriX3TIX
XTlX'3pX p 1X'31£/ powers of attorney are different
from transfers of ownership TGHark 93:30; 2.
deeds of transfer: pi. xnX'3px BB 136a(23); '3H
XpllW inariiyaT xri"3pX deeds of transfer which
are found in the street BM 16b(21); '1WP
XriX'3px55 172a(5)
In a list of Babylonian holidays in AZ 1 lb(27; J), a certain
XIl'lpK is listed [v. the discussion of B. Bokser, JAOS 95(1975)
262]. Note, however, the Geon. tradition which associates it w.
the word here: 1TOW DV W1X VTTO n:ip DiXB DV KWipX 'O'T
... T'^^ I'lBTOT toK 1'nWl l'X31 31D 01' TGHark 22:18 [v.
ACSup 42. The explanation of Krauss, AAC 63, is untenable];
Y: xrrjpx BB 136a(23; BAYTN 188).
NnapN n.f. (uncertain; 4- V]px) sg. XJT?'a XD3pX
X'H ... is something Tan 19a(46) // Git 30a(38)
Cf. expl. RaH: npin )Wi KTUpX inx ''B OHR Git 19:8 [= Ar
(AC 1:257)]; Lit: Low, Lehnw 124.
N'ppK n.m. acacia (extract used as a medicine;
< dtKaida Lehnw 125; Sy w'mn^ LS 45) sg.
Git 69b(45; OHT ib. 157:20, Ar [AC 1:259])
[V18: X'pipx]
Geon. expl.: TOM XVV p*Oy 'JXS XBo' '13 OHT ib.; Lit: Low,
Flora 2:388; Y: x;ppN Git ib.(BAYTN 208).
1# K"ipN, Kipj? n.m. fort (< aKpa Lehnw 125;
TA xVpn 2S 23:14, Sy rc'-uorc' LS 45, Ma
l#XipX MD 34, > Arab Jii. Fr, AF 233) a.
general: pi. 'ipX '3H' ... HK?3'X '33 people (who)
dwell in forts Bo 71:9; b. as first component of
GN's [cf. 4- l#xm'3]: sg. xaiXI XIpX Qid
72a(39); BB 127a(19); AZ 39a(33); San 38b(2;
F2); X'3nim Xnpx S5 73b(12); '313T XnpX /om
lla(12); XnX13^T XnpX MQ 10b(37) // 5M
73b(18); Dip'Vtn XIpX MaJt 10a(22); XIpX
'P33^im Qid 71b(47; O2); 'p33Vim XIpV Meg
6a(33)//&< 112a(l)
Lit: BJTP, index, s.v. aqra; Eshel, JSB 29+; Hoffmann,
Auszuge, n. 763; Y: xnpx BM 86a(l 1; BAYTN 223).
2# SIpN n.m. metal instrument (etym. unkn.)
161

'tops
162
2# N31K
pi. X^nsn 'IpX "|an certain iron '.-instruments
Pes 118b(17; E'C) [Ed: npn]
'N1(7N adv. incidentally (4- V2#'np; cf. Ma
l#X'Tp mishap, strife MD 412) a. general: Xinn
Xin xaVj?3 'XIpX that was merely incidental Meg
26a(ll); Yom 23a(48); 7ev 64b(32); Saw
25b(37);^Z33b(17); Tern 18a(42); Tarn 32a(19);
b. in phrase 'XIpXT temporary: 'XIpXI p JT3 a
temporary court RH 29b(44); 'XnpXT X'JODX a
temporary dwelling v4ra 16b(46)
Y: 'inpx fom ib.
KpllpN n.m. frog (< Xpnpy*; 4- XTlplipX; Sy
K^io-uo-s: LS 544 [Lex], Arab jjk Hava 488)
sg. Ar [AC 1:261]
Expl. Ar: H3T ynSX AC ib.
KripnpK n.f. frog (< xnpnpy*; 4- xpnpx,
xnpnpns) sg. mm xnpnpx 'xn 'V 'in 'tt^
X'JTIJm Xipx '^""{a) I saw a frog that was in
[corr.: like] the Fort of GN BB 73b(ll); *7XW
xnna xiayi xnp-npx "?y X3'm xsnpy xin^ rrm
PN saw a certain scorpion which was sitting on
a frog and was crossing a river Ned 41a(34; Ar
[AC 1:261])
Expl. Ar: n3p: ynsra AC ib.; Lit: Low, Fauna 53+; id., Lehnw
125; Y: Xnpnpx BB ib.(BAYTN 287).
NJl'ipK n.f. creature (4- l#xrmp; Ma l#xmp
MD 416, mng. b) pi. prmnpx Bo 63:7
NB'SlpX, NB'BUN n.f. couch (< Kpdpaxo.;,
Lat grabatus Lehnw 570; 4- X3DX'X) sg. XJSa1?
XD'Dnpx to build a couch MQ 10b(5) [Var:
XD'S-UX HP 176:27]; XB'BlpX 113 n'X3 are you
resting on the couch? Qid 70a(37; MGD 24:14)
For the doublets w. q-g, cf. XBBpVx-MnX, KOip-XOU; Y:
XB'Bip MQ ib.(BAYTN 236).
#i?N vb. to become hard (< B?py*; 4- WipX adj.)
Pe.: W'pXI -nm ]1'3 since it will become hard
again Sab 74b(15; OM) [Var: t^ipx T7nXT
TGDr46 169:10]
UtXyA n.m. decoy bird (< Akk arm CAD A/2
305, AIOA 36; 4- XW3E?; Sy K'irc' LS 45) sg. &«
25a(32) [expl. MH D'J1' 'n'TSS Mib. 3:3]; ».
25b(26)
Geon. expl.: WWB1 »'13 XTX x'jx ]3 U'X 7)Vl3 XIX oraro -|»X
KVtav OH ib. San 203:32; Lit: D. Weisberg, HUCA 39 [1968]
76+.
2# NIK 4- Xjnx n.
[3# N"IN 4- xns n.]
31N vb. 4- V3# 3"iy
l#Na"1N, tony n.m. lamb (< X31J/; Sy
5# KlS-uSj LS 546, JNA 2# X31X ';>Z>a HDNJA
13) sg.m. X31X1 X'1X3 'Xty jWI I consider you
to be like 'the lion and the lamb' BQ 85a(51;
Oxf., heb. c.23) [i.e. there is complete
incompatibility between the two of us]; X'nX3
fnixmjn BB 168a(29; HP 68:31) [cf. the first
expl. in Ar (AC 1:267): byi VXW JTmy 3X13
rrana]; xsnx xnxs BM l0lb(36)
Lit: S. Friedman, Tarbiz 67 [1998] 245+. Though this word is
traditionally connected w. VsiX pe. to lie in wait [v. Ar: N"B
3"IX 'HX3 ib.], this is unlikely, since this rt. is known from H [v.
HAL 80] but is unknown from any other A dialect. The phrase
derives from a proverb entitled nlj-irc'o ^ ->■* »• t^ > \A 'the
shepherd, the lamb, and the lion' which is found in the Syriac
Aesop collection [v. Sophos 25].
2# JOIN, NSIj; n.f. boat, ship, bowl (< X31J/;
4- (H)xinX; Ma 1#X31X f. boat MD 35, Sy
7# p^t-^ f- bowl LS 546i MH ^5ny Yeivin,
BV 898) 1. boat, ship: a. general: sg. X31X X'HH
13JH X'raa'? 'XJIXI X0"-ll»n a certain boat (with
a cargo of) muries which arrived at the port of
GN AZ 34b(13); ib. 14; XjTTOX 'itPZ max
X31X(^)n} she recited an incantation (and) bound
the boat (with a spell) Hul 105b(38) // Sab
81b(43); ,T3-IX 'X3D may your [lit. his] ship sink!
BB 153a(26) [a curse; 4- VjDD note]; Pes 40b(l);
fCWyi XJT'ajl X31X the second boat of the
(floating) bridge Qid 72a(7; Ar [AC 1:267]) //
Git 6a(34; V18) [cf. Sy rda-W* rc'-UA.PSm
796]; Tan 21a(23) [4- XOXip]; Er 102a(36)
[4- 5#XB'3]; Pes lllb(9); BM 101b(29; Es); BB
34b(l); Ket 84b(37); AZ 62b(l 1); pi. nS13 XJDttfi
'31X Xy3K?a seven (pieces of) pitch from seven
boats Sab 67a(5); '31X1 Xn»31X algae of boats ib.
20b(38; M); Tan 24b(29); Ket 97a(37); BM
72b(28); b. w. var. vbs. pertaining to travel: sg.
X31X3 '"7TX xp Tin they were traveling in a boat
Sab 81b(41); BQ 113b(32); AZ 30a(32); Bek
27a(28); X31J73 l,TTlrl ITIX Xp lin the two of them
were coming by boat Ber 56a(49; MGG 706:1);
(rpyriK it
BM 108a(2); X31X3 3'TIX' one who is traveling in
a boat Tan lla(l) [cf. Sy rdaAn^ja cjJu PSm
1642]; AZ 70a(29); 2. bowl: sg. X'31 X3iy a
bowl of water See/11 l:5(Var); pi. ('^(n')1? XBpaa
'31X3 n'a'X his mother used to collect them [i.e.
the wheat] in bowls Pes 40b(l; E2) [Var: '3T»0
M1; "311X3 E'C]
Lit: Nolo, MG 582; Fr, AF 218; Eps, GC 3724; Voc: X3TX HGP
lb:3; Y: X31X Ket 84b(37; BAYTN 76).
(n)Ka^N, pi. '?a"lN n.m. boatman (nisbe-form
< 12#X3nx) sg. x"n 'A'n X3nxT xnt': the shout
of the boatman is X"n 'jV'n Pes 112b(19); pi.
"31X 1UX they hired boatmen Git 73a(35; OHT
ib. 165:15) [Var: "131X HG3 85:88; Ed: 'nVa]
Lit: R. Patai, Jewish Seafaring in Ancient Times, Jerusalem
1938 51 [Heb; on Pes ib.].
tOianN, tOiany n.m. darkness (< X3131J?; cf.
Sy 10# »^3tj*. to set [of the sun] LS 546) sg.,
only in phrase NIVUT K3131N darkness of
eyesight [i.e. blindness]: Pes lllb(35; E2V17)
[Var: WUiy E'Rah]
Lit: Geig, AAC 64, s.v. 43nX; Nold, MG 582.
Vanx vb. to sift (< "73-15;*; 4- x^snx; Sy J^=>-u:
LS 547; cf. Arab J2> Wehr 669) Quad.: l"yxi
V'Sna Xpl ,!?X3nX 'XrXT even though he brought
sieves and was sifting (the sand) BM 26b(31);
inr'jsnapi San 39a(21; M)
Lit: Nold, MG 582. The Lat etym. in Lehnw 125 should be
rejected.
KVanN, N^N31K n.m. sieve (< XV31J?*;
4- VV31X; Sy r^V-^-U LS 547, TA x53iy TJ Am
9:9 [Var: xVsiX], JNA xVx31X 'irbala HDJNA
s.v., > Akk arballu CAD A/2 239, Arab JU>
Wehr 669) sg. 'Bran H'^ai X"7X31X 'JTX he
brought a sieve and filled it with apples San
39a(21); 'pxV X*7X31X3 nan b'SXi ]Xtt one who
eats dates from a sieve receives lashes ib. 89b(10)
// Mak 20b(29); s'Ojnm 'vr? nVa'aV -nm
xVX3nX 'l^yi it is permitted to salt (meat) upon
a mat and upon a sieve HG3 212:75; pi. 'Vxanx
£M26b(31)[4W731X]
Voc: X?31X HGP 22a:24; Y: K^3T(J San ib.(BAYTN 238).
KjraiN, f. yans, 'jra-iK, w. suf. -'PiyanN, Pi.
TVanN num. four, forty (4- njmx '3 s.v. 1# '3,
nxsrai, xnym, rai num., V3#j?3n; Sy
io?1«
• v t-^^-' LS 708, Ma 4#X31X, CTK MD 36,
ModSy arbi Maclean 19) sg.m. njmx Tip'1?
nj?3"iX let them read four (verses) at a time Meg
21b(47); njmx njmxs rravra they 'pulled' it
[i.e. acquired possession of the wine] at four
(zuzim a jug) Git 52a(43); Svu 42a(3); nySIX 'an
'XTTIS these four latter {zuzim) BQ 115a(37);
nj?2?T 'Til njmx four grivs of barley BM
65a(9); f. J?3nx by "11X0 >a3 (animals) which
walk on all fours Anan 66:19; jmXX «pxyi he
folded (the mattress) in four MQ 25a(26); J?3nx
Xian 'an nxa four hundred vats of wine Ber
5b(37); 'V31X Tbn three (and) four AZ 75a(5);
Sab 73a(20); '5?3nx XSS 31 "?3X PN ate four
(loaves of bread) Pes 89b(40); 'jmxi xVxV 'y31X
xVx'jX1? four (loaves) for a large piece of leather
and four (loaves) for a small piece BB 5a(15;
HG2 438:19); Sab 97b(46); 'J?31X 13 four year
old (child) BB 60a(14); 'JW 'jmxi 1'ioy twenty-
four hours RH 20b(14); w. suff. vr'njmx HG2
429:47; T3'ny31X Bo 9:3; pi. pp TJ?3"IX forty
years Sab 151b(47); XllX'ayri TJ?3"1X forty fasts
MQ 25a(46); 'y31X1 ]'3niX forty-four Sab
98b(29); 'BUS X'aaJTI I'ysnx forty-eight perutot
Kar 10b (25); 'aam TJT31X ]nxa two hundred and
forty-eight Bo 59:14
Lit: Eps, Gr 125; Voc: ry3-|X HPP 56:18; 'SXlS ib. 20; Y:
XyriX Meg 21b(47; BAYTN 328).
- noanx, 10'3-in, f. npanx, na'anx num.
fourteen, fourteenth (Sy imi-airi', f.
i r^ v A; v ■p-i*- Nold, SG 93, Ma 1XDX3nX Nold,
MG 188) 1. fourteen: m. W 1D31X fourteen
days //P 135:3; /4«an 51:15; ib. 64:4; 5g
25a(15); 5a« 13b(8); nD@'31Xl nxa one hundred
and fourteen (people) San 17b(39); f. 'a© '1D31X
fourteen years iSGF 89:5; 'J?13© 'in '1D31X
fourteen (years) are two sabbatical cycles Ara
12b(4); Meg 17a(ll); '1D'31X it subtract
fourteen (years) San 69b(52); 2. fourteenth: m.
-|0'31X 'nia nO'Vm xmix the night between the
thirteenth and the fourteenth Ber 4a (15); DV
]D'a3 10'31X the fourteenth of Nisan Anan 82:4;
1D31X 'a3 people required (to read the Megilld)
on the fourteenth (of Adar) Tan 18b (7); Meg
2b(30); ib. llb(54); RH 21a(28); Pes 55a(33);
"1D@'31X Meg 5b (44)

Natya Njn-iN
164
NO'I.IK
Lit: Eps, Gr 127; Voc: nSSlX HPP 212:19; Y: lO'SIX BAYTN
329.
- N3tfa K5?a"lK, XS?3"IX n.m. Wednesday
(I X3W; Sy rf S y -> r? < -,W LS 708, Ma
X3XttttXn X3"IX MD 36) sg. Sab 87a(l); ib.
87b(36); 129b(9); ^ra llb(52); HP 185:27;
/5GF 95:10; xy3"IX Git 77a(21); &2> 87b(36;
M); Pes 106a(30)
NnaiN 4 i#xm-iy n.
J1K vb. to weave (BH 1"1X HAL 81) Pe.: X3'X
Tia n'1? 'JIX! Tia laxTT Xmn is there a place
where they place a dead body while they weave
a garment [i.e. a shroud] for it? San 48b(17)
JIN n.m.abs. best part (Van; LJLA JIN PsJ Gen
45:18, TgPs 45:14) sg.cs. only, in phrase 1B1P "73
1'03J J1X all the best property SSHai 4a(17); (Z>.
8a(7); 14a(3); SSSad 188:10
KaiinN, abs. fmiN n.m. purple wool (< Akk
argamannu red purple wool CAD A/2 253, AIOA
35; TA Xlii-ix TO Ex 25:4, Sy rdj'^irc' LS 46)
sg.abs. pinxi yvyzb garments of purple wool
Tarn 32a(42)
Y: J11J-IX Tarn ib.(BAYTN 306).
1#KT]N, NTTJT n.m. mushroom (< XTiy; Sy
1# k'A-uv LS 547) sg. Ninny Anan 3:8; pi. 'TIN
AZ 38a(8); 'TINT xV'ttnn a cooked dish of
mushrooms Ket 61a(46); ]'3'ria H(rX"'hy 731
"iwyaa all mushrooms are subject to tithes
AnanSch 3:14; '3'Bn '"PX moist mushrooms //GJ
219:76;//G/ 141:94
Lit: Low, Flora 1:34; Eps, Stl 79; Voc: 'ITX HGP 58a:28; Y:
'T1X AZ ib.(BAYTN 76).
2# N*n$, N1JON n.m. ship's mast (< XTiy*; Sy
4# K'nii. LS 547, Ma 2# X1X1X punt pole MD
35) sg. BB 73a(8) [expl. MH 03 Mib. 5:1; Var:
X1X1X HP 97:30, TGHark 108:8']
Lit: Nold, MG 582; Lidz, Jb 2:157 [contra Sperber, Nautica
232]; Sok, Mutual Elucidation 406; Voc: XIXIX i6.(HGP 4b:28).
Na^N n.m. a measure (EA mix DNWSI 103,
Sy rd^niK' LS 46, Ma xmnx MD 36, NB
ardabu CAD A/2 241, > apTdRn Lehnw 127,
> Arab iyi Wehr 13) sg. X3TIX xpina mm
which had a capacity of an '.-measure Er
102a(33; V'Ar [AC 1:274])
Geon. expl.: HX0 jrmnw ^ X<3)lpmK GnK5 173:12. Lit:
Geig, AAC 64; Driver, AD 69, contends that it is of OP origin,
but the original word is not documented from this period; Y:
X3T1X BAYTN 215.
N^N^"1N n.m. Iamb (< X7'ny*; Sy k^t->:
Audo 2:263, T<Hi±i ib., LS 738, JPA 7'"ny PT
Pes 37d[(38]) pi. X'7T1J1 '7X'TIX lambs and
pigeons Pes 119b(32) [expl. MH pap'SX Mib.
10:8]; X'7nJ1 '7@ms Ber 47a(36; OAr [AC
1:273])
Lit: Eps, St2 831+, gives add. textual evidence and shows that
this word has no connection w. i 1# XTTN.
n.m. builder, stone mason (< Akk
arad ekalli designation of a profession associated
with building [lit. slave of the palace] CAD A/2
211, mng. 2b [NB], AIOA 35; Hat X73TIX mason
IIH 1:2, Sy rdLaniK', r? \■ * ,*\r? builder LS
46, Ma X73'TIX master-builder MD 36) pi. 'XH
'73'TlXi nX'TO a partition of the builders Er
26a(8) [v. also DS, ib. 95']; H3T nD'3T '73'TIX
na7yi the builders of the great house of the
world Bo 127:6
Lit: Geig, AAC 64+, discusses this word extensively and argues
for a OP etym.; Aggoula, IIH 1; Y: X^O'lIX BAYTN 215.
n.m. a dish made of flour and other
ingredients (< MP *ardulag [> NP ardula milk
pottage, gruel PED 36; cf. MP ard flour CPD
11]; Sy J^irc' LS 47) sg. XTO'pi X'B "731 J7T1X1
the '.-dish and all flour (mixed with) water HG1
103:64; SMel 49:159 [expl. as MH HTin]
Lit: Geig, AAC 65.
mm 4- xti-ij?
NTVIN n.m. rice (Sy KViorc', rdci LS 722, Gr
opu^a Lehnw 26) sg. Pes 114b(25); "Xpn '3 '33
XmxB Xrbn 'BmBX7 J1HJ the people of GN used
to remove halla from rice ib. 50b(53); X"n Xtnx
03'a D'X31 raw rice which one usually chews Ber
37a(27); n'm'm ,1'J'a 0"3 Xthx (if) he chews
some of the rice in its raw state HP 191:4(HPP
293:20); ib. 13
Lit: Flora 1:730+; Y: Xjnx Pes 114b(25; BAYTN 66).
NO'llN n.m. rope, cord (< MP arwes rope CPD
11) sg. nnXlXS XO'TIN ,T7 VSI they placed a rope
on his neck Yev 46a(22) [Var: XTriO HG1
jOVlK 165 2# NnSTIK
218:42(Var)]; X1H XO'TIX J13yi (the term) n'3JJ [Ex
28:14] is a cord Anan 8:19; noVIN ib. 20; 9:5
Lit: Geig, WZKM 44 [1937] 52; id., AAC 66; Y: ,V011X Yev
46a(22).
[n«an« 4- nxm-i adj.]
NJi"lN n.m. ark of the Covenant, coffin (TA
XJVlN TO Ex 25:10, Sy rdsoirV', rd-i^ LS 50,
Ma X3XTIX MD 37) 1. ark of the Covenant: sg.
7X-IW 'ap 'J0a XJTIX the ark was traveling before
the Israelites Ber 54b(2); 2. coffin: sg. IpDa '3
■OH n'7 nBD nmb n'JVlN when they brought his
coffin there [i.e. to Eretz Israel from Babylonia],
they eulogized him so Meg 6a(9); Qid 31b(36);
MQ 25a(48; Ed)
Y: XJTIX BAYTN 71.
[>1\1H 4- X31H n.]
NTlpnN n.f. piece of cloth (< xnpn < i xnypil;
4- Vypl; Sy ^y v A-i^^ K'dvA.o-Di LS 744,
Ma XD'pn MD 431) sg. Sab 59b(12) [ref. to a
coronet]; ib. 13; 37
Y: Xrf 1TX Sab ib.
nVIK n.pl. curses (in Lev 26 and Dt 28; < BH
-inx pi.; jpa imix djpa 74) xipi DJBia xp mn
HT1X3 X31H am n^p (PN) was reading with a
stammer [lit. was stammering and reading] in the
(biblical passages of) the 'curses' before PN2
Meg31b(30; G)
Y: n™ Meg ib.
NT1N n.m. cedar, pine (TA xn$ TO Lev 14:4,
Sy K'\ir</ LS 47, Ma 1#XPX MD 37) 1. cedar:
sg. RH 23a(19) [expl. BH fix Is 41:19] // BB
80b(39); BM 108a(2); Git 57a(45); XPX3 yV3'X
he was swallowed up into a cedar tree [i.e. was
miraculously hidden in it] San 101a(32); Yev
49b(22); xnx yps 3T ^t xnxx th p,]?D
n'jnnna (the Angel of Death) went up (and) sat
on the cedar of the be rav, (and) the cedar split
from under him MQ 28a(48) // Mak 10a(33); BM
20b(6); San 101a(33); Yev 64b(21); Bo 6:11;
XnXT 'pD'S pieces of cedar Er 3a(35; O)
[Palestinian expl. of xniv>»X ib.]; pi. 'PX fin Ber
56b(2); X'TIX "?3 npyriX all the cedars were
uprooted MQ 25b(37); SOZ 72:22; Sab 157a(5)
[i Xm©X]; 2. pine: sg. XT1XT X3W pine wool
[4- X31D]; XT1XT 'TB pine cones [lit. fruits] AZ
14a(7) [expl. MH I'V'SriDSX Mib. 1:5; cf. Sy
rCrtrt'x K'ircLa PSm 373]; HG1 95:60 [expl. H
"ISIl'S ib. < Arab jjji^ stone pine]
Lit: Low, Pfl 56+; Flora 3:20+; 40+; Y: X11X Ber 56b(2;
BAYTN 76).
iTIN, inN n.m. (uncertain) sg. San 46b(37;
OH ib. 361:7) [Var: "|PX OH ib. 13]
Gloss ib.(He): VTK 13S?T 'ata; perh. a box or covering over the
dead body [v. Ar (AC 1:271, s.v. TJ1K)].
S^nN, nVnTIN, N^OIJ? n.m. hammock
(^'x'Jny*; Sy 2# Kli^'-u; LS 548 [dimin.
< t<j»-v^], TA "70-iy TJ Is 1:8, > Arab Jlj> Fr,
AF 138; 4- X"?Dny) sg. X"?xnx '3 T3yT (the roof)
is made like a hammock Er 25b(2) [Var: x"?T"IX
Ar (AC 1:277),0; xVoiy Tos]
Y: X>PX BAYTN 215.
!"l>OT"1N adj. a species of wheat (Akk arsanu a
kind of groats CAD A/2 306) pl.f. 't3'n 3B>
Xri"3TnX seven (stalks) of '.-wheat Git 70a(2;
V18)
Geon. expl.: a'jX ]n OXjmVx ]0 of a hard type of nourishment
OHT ib. 158:22. The problematic "XinXT '31X Tan 24b(29) [v.
the many varr. in Mai] may be related. For another explanation,
v. Low, Flora 1:730; 4:159: id., ZA 21 [1907] 206+.
J'3T"1X adj. important (< MP arzariig worthy
CPD 11; 4- ym) sg.m. J'iflX ]VW they made me
important Tarn 32b(14; Oxf., heb. d.24) [F:
xwwn 3wrr»]
Lit: D. Rosenthal, Tarbiz 61 [1992] 224.
1# NriSnN, NnnSN n.f. an herb toxic to cattle
(4- XS'hn; cf. Sy relatf LS 723, mng. 3) sg. 'XD
'To 'rrn xnsnx man do what is poison (for
cattle)? '. [gloss: which is fruit] BQ 47b(27) [v.
varr. in AC 1:278]; BB 20a(12) [Var: XJIDSX
H[Marg],Ar (AC 1:237)]; xriSITX SMelG 1308]
Lit: Low, Pfl 205; Flora 2:366+; Geig, AAC 59, 66.
2# NnSPN n.f. hammer (4- Xrisna; TA xM"lS<
TJ Jud'4:21, Sy rc'^La.rtK' LS 723, Ma JUXSXnx
MD 37) sg. XflDH XflSTIX the smith's hammer
Meg 25a(37); Ber 34a(2; P); Git 56b(41);
TGDr49 105:14; pi. XriDTIX 'rnn n'13'X his arms
are two hammers Bo 78:5
Y: xriBITX Meg ib.(BAYTN 281).

N31P3 Nya-lS 164 KO'lIN
T ■ • t •• ; -
Lit: Eps, Gr 127; Voc: -|65nx HPP 212:19; Y: 1D'31X BAYTN
329.
- N3P3 Njra-IN, KjniN n.m. Wednesday
(4- X3W; Sy r^SY-. Kii^jit^ LS 708, Ma
X3XW3XH XmX MD 36) sg. 5aZ> 87a(l); 16.
87b(36); 129b(9); Am llb(52); ///> 185:27;
iSGF 95:10; xy31X G/Y 77a(21); Sab 87b(36;
M); Pay 106a(30)
KT131N 4 i#xrmy n.
a"IN vb. to weave (BH anx HAL 81) Pe.: XD'X
1J2 rvb TiX\ Jl» 1»XTT xran is there a place
where they place a dead body while they weave
a garment [i.e. a shroud] for it? San 48b(17)
J.1K n.m.abs. best part (Van; LJLA nx PsJ Gen
45:18, TgPs 45:14) sg.cs. only, in phrase ns© Vd
1'03J aiX all the best property £$Ha/ 4a(17); ».
8a(7); 14a(3); SSSad 188:10
XaiinN, abs. jnnx n.m. purple wool (< Akk
argamannu red purple wool CAD A/2 253, AIOA
35; TA xarhx TO Ex 25:4, Sy rdi'<L\iK' LS 46)
sg.abs. jimXT ytrd? garments of purple wool
Tarn 32a(42)
Y: niJTK 7am ib.(BAYTN 306).
1#NT)N, Nliy n.m. mushroom (< X*ny; Sy
1# rC\\^. LS 547) sg. XKiny Anan 3:8; pi. nm
/fZ 38a(8); 'T1X1 X^nn a cooked dish of
mushrooms £ef 61a(46); p'rlB HCX^nj? "?D1
"iwya3 all mushrooms are subject to tithes
AnanSch 3:14; '3'B1 'nii moist mushrooms //G5
219:76;//G7 141:94
Lit: Low, Flora 1:34; Eps, Stl 79; Voc: "ITX HGP 58a:28; Y:
'T1X AZ ib.(BAYTN 76).
2# KT1N, tnH~\K n.m. ship's mast (< XTiy*; Sy
4# rCn-U. LS 547, Ma 2# XlXnX punt pole MD
35) sg. BB 73a(8) [expl. MH 03 Mib. 5:1; Van
X1X1X HP 97:30, TGHark 108:8']
Lit: Nold, MG 582; Lidz, Jb 2:157 [contra Sperber, Nautica
232]; Sok, Mutual Elucidation 406; Voc: xliOX i7j.(HGP 4b:28).
N3T1K n.m. a measure (EA 3"HX DNWSI 103,
Sy r<L^a-irc' LS 46, Ma X3T1X MD 36, NB
ardabu CAD A/2 241, > apxdpi] Lehnw 127,
> Arab ijj) Wehr 13) sg. X3TIX XpTritt mm
which had a capacity of an '.-measure Er
102a(33; V'Ar [AC 1:274])
Geon. expl.: nxo jrmnw 'to X(3)(p>ITlX GnK5 173:12. Lit:
Geig, AAC 64; Driver, AD 69, contends that it is of OP origin,
but the original word is not documented from this period; Y:
XTpX BAYTN 215.
nVnHIN n.m. lamb (< xV'Tiy*; Sy KlSa-L^
Audo 2:263, rdSksA ib., LS 738, JPA b'Tiy PT
Pes 37d[(38]) pi. X'Vmi ^X'TIX lambs and
pigeons Pes 119b(32) [expl. MH Jiap'SX Mib.
10:8]; X'Vmi '7gH1K Ber 47a(36; OAr [AC
1:273])
Lit: Eps, St2 831+, gives add. textual evidence and shows that
this word has no connection w. J- 1#KTTN.
'1"1N n.m. builder, stone mason (< Akk
arad ekalli designation of a profession associated
with building [lit. slave of the palace] CAD A/2
211, mng. 2b [NB], AIOA 35; Hat K^ariX mason
IIH 1:2, Sy rf \ w*, KlLo^rriK' builder LS
46, Ma X^'-nx master-builder MD 36) pi. 'XH
'ta'TTXI nma a partition of the builders Er
26a(8) [v. also DS, ib. 95s]; mi rWPm '7DT1X
nftbyi the builders of the great house of the
world Bo 127:6
Lit: Geig, AAC 64+, discusses this word extensively and argues
for a OP etym.; Aggoula, IIH 1; Y: xto'lIX BAYTN 215.
n.m. a dish made of flour and other
ingredients (< MP *ardulag [> NP ardula milk
pottage, gruel PED 36; cf. MP ard flour CPD
11]; Sy ^nirc' LS 47) sg. xna'pi X'» "731 aVnxi
the '.-dish and all flour (mixed with) water HG1
103:64; SMel 49:159 [expl. as MH rrmn]
Lit: Geig, AAC 65.
KTTIK 4- XTny
NniN n.m. rice (Sy rcViorc', rden LS 722, Gr
opu^a Lehnw 26) sg. Pes 114b(25); "XHri '3 ^3
xrnxa xrbn vowavb aina the people of GN used
to remove halla from rice ib. 50b(53); X"n XJnX
DO'D O'XSi raw rice which one usually chews Ber
37a(27); frnvru ,TJ'» 0"3 (tint (if) he chews
some of the rice in its raw state HP 191:4(HPP
293:20); ib. 13
Lit: Flora 1:730+; Y: Xinx Pes H4b(25; BAYTN 66).
ND'VIN n.m. rope, cord (< MP arwes rope CPD
11) sg. mxiS3 XDT1X Kb flit they placed a rope
on his neck Yev 46a(22) [Var: XTT10 HG1
saiix
165
2# KBST1K
218:42(Var)]; XVI XD'TIX J13yi (the term) ri3j? [Ex
28:14] is a cord Anan 8:19; nortX ib. 20; 9:5
Lit: Geig, WZKM 44 [1937] 52; id., AAC 66; Y: rPOVIX Yev
46a(22).
[nxaviN 4- nxan adj.]
N311N n.m. ark of the Covenant, coffin (TA
xaViX TO Ex 25:10, Sy rdJoirV, rdj-irr' LS 50,
Ma XaXTlX MD 37) 1. ark of the Covenant: sg.
■?X"lf 'ap 'aoa xailX the ark was traveling before
the Israelites Ber 54b(2); 2. coffin: sg. ipoa '3
•OH IT1? nDD Cmb iranx when they brought his
coffin there [i.e. to Eretz Israel from Babylonia],
they eulogized him so Meg 6a(9); Qid 31b(36);
MQ 25a(48; Ed)
Y: XJilX BAYTN 71.
fans I xain n.]
NXipTlN n.f. piece of cloth (< xnpll < 4- xnypn;
4- Vyp"l; Sy rc'iLi-picvrc', rc'ii.i.tx-D-i LS 744,
Ma Xri'pn MD 431) sg. Sab 59b(12) [ref. to a
coronet]; ib. 13; 37
Y: XfifnX Sab ib.
'"I11K n.pl. curses (in Lev 26 and Dt 28; < BH
nnxpi.; JPA pvix djpa 74) xnpi nama xp mn
miX3 xaiil 3"n rr»p (PN) was reading with a
stammer [lit. was stammering and reading] in the
(biblical passages of) the 'curses' before PN2
Meg31b(30;G)
Y: nilX Meg ib.
NT"1N n.m. cedar, pine (TA xhx TO Lev 14:4,
Sy kMk' LS 47, Ma l#xnx MD 37) 1. cedar:
sg. RH 23a(19) [expl. BH fix Is 41:19] // BB
80b(39); BM 108a(2); Git 57a(45); XPX3 ybYX
he was swallowed up into a cedar tree [i.e. was
miraculously hidden in it] San 101a(32); Yev
49b(22); XT1X 5?pS 3T '31 XPXX 3'n' p,l?D
iTTlinna (the Angel of Death) went up (and) sat
on the cedar of the be rav, (and) the cedar split
from under him MQ 28a(48) // Mak 10a(33); BM
20b(6); San 101a(33); Yev 64b(21); Bo 6:11;
NPXT 'pD'B pieces of cedar Er 3a(35; O)
[Palestinian expl. of X-irr7l3X ib.]; pi. 'PX pn Ber
56b(2); X'PX V3 npynx all the cedars were
uprooted MQ 25b(37); SOZ 72:22; Sab 157a(5)
[I xnWX]; 2. pine: sg. XT1X1 X3W pine wool
[4- X31D]; XPXT 'TS pine cones [lit. fruits] AZ
14a(7) [expl. MH p/aViBXX Mib. 1:5; cf. Sy
^irc'n K'iKla PSm 373]'; HG1 95:60 [expl. H
n313'S ib. < Arab jjji^ stone pine]
Lit: Low, Pfl 56+; Flora 3:20+; 40+; Y: XITX Ber 56b(2;
BAYTN 76).
1T1N, "]T-|N n.m. (uncertain) sg. San 46b(37;
OH ib. 361:7) [Var: -px OH ib. 13]
Gloss ib.(He): pX 12yi 'alto; perh. a box or covering over the
dead body [v. Ar (AC 1:271, s.v. UTX)].
K^PK, K^NnK, xVoiy n.m. hammock
(^xVnj?*; Sy 2# rcli-(-u: LS 548 [dimin.
< rdxo-il], TA Voiy TJ Is 1:8, > Arab Jlj> Fr,
AF 138; 4- xVony) sg. XaXTlX '3 T3J?1 (the roof)
is made like a hammock Er 25b(2) [Var: x'rnx
Ar (AC 1:277),0; X^Oiy Tos]
Y: X^PX BAYTN 215.
!"IN3HN adj. a species of wheat (Akk arsanu a
kind of groats CAD A/2 306) pl.f. 'D'n 32?
XlPariX. seven (stalks) of '.-wheat Git 70a(2;
V18)
Geon. expl.: 3to p DXyD^X p of a hard type of nourishment
OHT ib. 158:22. The problematic "X3HXT '31X Tan 24b(29) [v.
the many varr. in Mai] may be related. For another explanation,
v. Low, Flora 1:730; 4:159: id., ZA 21 [1907] 206+.
a'3!1K adj. important (< MP arzanlg worthy
CPD 11; 4- 3'tf n) sg.m. a'anx ]VW they made me
important Tarn 32b(14; Oxf., heb. d.24) [F:
xas'^n swn'a]
Lit: D. Rosenthal, Tarbiz 61 [1992] 224.
1# KflSriK, NJinSK n.f. an herb toxic to cattle
(4- XsVlH; cf. Sy rdisi LS 723, mng. 3) sg. 'X»
n's 'a'm xnsiix man no what is poison (for
cattle)? '. [gloss: which is fruit] BQ 47b(27) [v.
varr. in AC 1:278]; BB 20a(12) [Var: XJiriSX
H[Marg],Ar (AC 1:237)]; XnsnTX SMelG 1308]
Lit: Low, Pfl 205; Flora 2:366+; Geig, AAC 59, 66.
2# NnsnX n.f. hammer (4- XJisna; TA xrisnx
TJ Jud 4:21, Sy K'dLanrV LS 723, Ma xaxsxnx
MD 37) sg. Xnsai XriDHX the smith's hammer
Meg 25a(37); Ber 34a(2; P); Git 56b(41);
TGDr49 105:14; pi. XDDPX 'mn n'13'X his arms
are two hammers Bo 78:5
Y: xriBtTX Meg ib.(BAYTN 281).

rnN*
166
t ; -
mN* vb. to travel, depart (4 1# xmiX; Sy ouirc'
pa. to depart LS 48) 4- 2#XmX
l#NrnN n.m. half brick (< Akk arhu C CAD
A/2 264, AIOA 36; Sy rd-oii*" LS 48) sg. Xn'33
Xmxi 'M'V 32H a house of seven bricks and a
half brick [i.e. having a wall 7 1/2 bricks thick]
Sab 129a(51); ib. 52; XTUJ13 Xmx nV "7S3 a half
brick of hers fell (from its wall) into the oven Bes
32b(33; Ar [AC 1:279]); pi. 'mx 55 3a(43)
[expl. MH I'DSD ib.]; /i. 45; 47; TTIX 'Vsn the
half bricks will fall BQ 21b(36)
Lit: AAC 66; Y: XniX BAYTN 76.
2#NIV1N n.m. traveller, guest (4- VmX; Sy
rclvrir*' guest LS 48) only in phrase Nn"lN
NmSI n.m. transient guest (lit. guest and flier;
4-rns adj.) sg. OHTKet 198:26; ib. 34; pi. nfyy
'msi ^rvxb vmnx xnnx ^ I brought in to you
another woman [i.e. a maidservant] (to take care)
of transient guests Ket 61a(28; V5); Nn'3 WBJ
TllST TIIX O^'BJ the larger the house, the more
transient guests there are i&(29); 64b(34); 35
Y: '0191 WiX Ket 61a(28).
oVSBIN n. (a plant) sg. HM 40:16
1#'1N vb. to stipulate, designate, discuss
(perh. < ny*; 4- X'TX; cf. Sy k'-va. pe. to
comprehend LS 545, mng. 8; etpe. to be
understood ib., mng. 2) Pe. to stipulate: nx Xp"M
7b 'IX Xp 'Xa Tib (since the answer is clear,) what
is the one who stipulates it (in fact) stipulating?
BB 17b(48); ib. 147a(8); Yom 30b(13); rb nxpTI
nV ■"tap 'Xn yev 14a(31); ATef 16a(8); Git
61b(16); Mrf 64a(17)
Af. to designate, stipulate [w. "3]: Xp XJiaaa
'T'fi Xp Xs? X03p3 'T'» he designates (cases)
involving money, (but) he does not designate
(cases) involving a fine BQ 4b(33); Yom 61a(l);
BM 55a(51); Nid 30a(16); Kar 14a(39); IX1? 'X
x1? 'M in'x nyw 'Dim 'T'xt xap xan1? n'yasn
H3 'T'» mn if he had not heard that the first
Tanna had stipulated bands of hair, he too would
not have stipulated it Sab 57b(7); Tan 13b(45);
Meg 6b(55); 'T'» XpT X1H "VlOlAX he stipulates
(the priests duties) Yom 15a(26); bbl p'T'Xia
from the fact that we stipulated dung BQ 30b(20)
Geon. expl.: rf7 'IX NJ7T1 X'TX ,TO ,13-VI f y I'XB 'SIX ]TO^31
n1? nx xj? 'xo ohp Ket 26:4; .man t'jb xn pyx wx nn'x
LPT 147:1, i.e. to come to mind; JX3 ]X X'TX XV X,1 DTOB IX
,13 pyrr [to] tb niwi xbs xti 3303 ib. 148:17; tf? nx xpi
xniiny Xlin XS ib. 151:4, i.e. to raise an objection; Lit: Bacher
17; M. Weiss, Tarbiz 51 [1982] 547+; M. Assis, Lesonenu
56[1992] 31+, w. lit. The Y tradition interprets the af. forms as
itpa. [v. Mo 85]. In spite of the var. suggestions from Geonic
times to the present, the terms in this entry cannot be definitely
defined or translated, and the above glosses are intended only
to convey the general mng. of the phrases. Voc: 'T*D HPP
252:17; Y: X;i?X San 25a(45); 'TB ib. 49b(14); 'Y8 Kar 4a(20;
Mo 85).
2# '"IN vb. to raise (cf. Sy k'-U. LS 545, mng.
1) Pe.: TCVnb n""IX he raised his fist San 7a(31;
TGHark 108:7, TGCas 42a[33, ms.])
Geon. expl.: DJ71 H'TO^ n"1X ... ,131,1 ]'"y ]'X» 'SIX iwbsi
OHP Ket 26:4; IT rix D'ln TGCas ib.; Lit: Eps, Stl 160.
3# HN vb. 4- VjTlX vb.
KnK, pi. NflinN, 'IK n.m. lion (4- X»1X 13; TA
XHX TO Num 24:9, pi. jinx TJ Is 30:6, Sy
rcLi-iK*, pi. k'&AJHk' LS 48, Ma l#xnx, pi.
XXIXIXnx MD 37) a. general: sg. DVUI X,_IX Xinn
XmSJ?a3 a certain lion which was roaring in the
wine press (shed) AZ 70a(38); bxyi Xnx yiiV he
heard a lion and entered (the town) BM 93b(19);
Ket 30a(21); San 108b(46) [4- xnti'X]; la'.TJX
V'JID X'lX^ your God is compared to a lion Hul
59b(28; V11); mx n'Vy "7B3 a lion attacked him
Ber 54a(34); Sab 151b(32); ]'33 by '3T X'lX the
lion is couched by the gates Bo 112:5; n'VaXI
X'"IX a lion devoured him AZ 26a(9); Mak
lla(41); Ber 60b(57); Ket 72b(25); BQ 85a(51)
[4- 1#X3"IX]; XS'ai Xnx mounted on a lion 5o
78:15; 'xV>y '3T XHX the lion of GN tfw/ 59b(23)
[expl. 4- onj'B ib.]; nnx "|Wa a lion's hide /W
44:26; pi. rcsab 'an: xp nm xmnx -pn n'3 iyjs
certain lions attacked him and were roaring at
him San 59b(39); xnthih XOJIX an unavoidable
accident involving lions Nid 67b(17; HPP
214:21) [but v. 4- 2#xmx]; 'TX1 'SplpX on the
heads of lions Sab 67a(31) [from an incantation];
'TTX Bo 78:12; b. metaphorically: sg. 'V nj?31X
'XnSDX X'"IX you have made a 'lion' [i.e. an
undesirable person] lie down on the border of my
(field) BQ 114a(14); JWQli "ft 'max Xnx I
removed the imminent danger [lit. chased the lion
away] from the border of your field (by
purchasing from a pagan) BM 108b (8); Tiraab
'axp 'TS Xnx he says it to remove an imminent
danger from himself Ned 62b (8) [avoiding a tax
collector]; rr?Bp xV'Bp X'"IX you killed a dead
lion [i.e. the act was worthless] San 96b(21); Er
78b(10) // Svu 22b(40) [4- Vl#jm pe.]
Voc: x'lX HGP 17b:12; Y: XJ1X BQ 116a(27; BAYTN 76).
1#T1N adj. tall, long (4- Vl#-pN, xnVs'j'S
xnanx; TA T,nx TJ Ezek 17:3, Sy vy/if LS 49,
Ma xanx MD 37) 1. tall: a. general: sg.m. inn
xnxian 3'dt xsnx xsn nm xanx in nra two
certain (men), one tall and the other short. The
tall one was riding a donkey BM 81b(5); ib.
27b(17); xanx X31 X131 a great (and) tall man
Sab 59b(21) // Ket 103b(25); b. w. PN's: sg.m. "\
xanx Xnx Sab llla(19); Ket 104b(20); X3X
xanx Hul 137b(31); 2. long: a. spatial: sg.m. 'Xn
n'pp "|nx this one's [i.e. the goose's] neck is long
BQ 55a(24) [4- Dl! mng. 1.3]; "pXT DJH»
something long HM 44:1; 5e*43b(13) [4- VVSti];
xanx Sab 140b(8); BQ 50b(37); Zev 28b(15); f.
Xn31JJ XTianx Xnm B"a why is the ox's tail long?
Sab 77b(26); pl.m. ... 'paiD yv 'anx 'XJD'ptt;
s.-birds whose legs are long (and) red Hul
63a(2); b. temporal: m. X£rr> ina W2V in^ia
1SXT Xa'IX all seven (days of Sukkot) are
considered as one long day Suk 45b(49) // Bes
30b(46; L); f. .TTlV'tt xanx his case [i.e.
retrieving his money] is (now) drawn-out TGAs42
164:19; X'n Xronx 'XiaiB nVia it is all one long
(period of) impurity Kar 9b(10); Ber 4b(30); Bes
30b(46); Ket 37b(4); Naz 14a(17); nVsn
xnanx nVixj... xnanx a long nV'sn/nVixa Ber
4b(30; P); 3. in phrase XTO'IK Xnai3 'iong'
blessing, i.e. one which begins and concludes
with the word flia [caique < MH nailX (nan?)
MBerK 1:4]: sg. wj xnanx xnana xnn >nVia ail
of them are (considered as) one 'long' blessing
Pes 103b(15) [v. RaH]; pi. XTianx XTPV six
'long' blessings Ket 8a(41)
Y: Xil'IX BAYTN 53.
- ]'Bj?l T^N adj. rectangular (lit. long and
thin; 4- j'Bp adj.; SJLA ]a'Bpi ]anx GAp 20:5 [of
fingers], Ma Xl'BXll X3'"iy MD 75; cf. Akk sa
kisassu qatan(SlG)-ma u arik(GlD2)-ma he has a
Ntf'-IK
T ' * T
thin but long neck CAD Q 173): sg.m. 'TO 'XT
'am 'na 'Xi "7ij?a ^ay iVsx xrax mn 3'ao xjam
1'Bpl "|nx Xl'DX mn yi3T if the Merciful One had
written (only) a'SD [cf. Ex 28:16], I would have
said: "Even (if the altar) was merely rounded."
And if the Merciful One had (only) written J713T
[ib. 27:1], I would have said: "(Even)
rectangular" Zev 62b(34); «px» OT I'Bpi "pXT
y"?oa n'1? a rectangular (piece of hide) which has
the area of a sela Hul 55b(37); Er 22a(39) [pit];
ib. 88b(4) [courtyard]; pl.m. 'anXT '81' Tin
'J'Spl those days of the 'graves' [lit. rectangles,
ref. to the shape of the grave] Er 65a(38)
While the phrase ]'B|71 yiX is attested in other A dialects the
special mng. 'rectangular' in JBA is not attested in any other A
dialect. The mng. of the text "Bpi "TXS1 '8'X Ned 38a(24; V2)
is unclear; Y: if IX Er 88b(4).
2# TIN adj. proper, fit (BA Y% HALOT 1825)
sg.m. T1X X1? TCb 'ax -px is it proper? He said
to him: "It is improper" Suk 44b(23); BM
75a(30); Vaa na 'ai'Vi Tiitn y\H pi nana iow\
ubyb I'VT TIX3 this deed of a gift is proper and
valid to gain entitlement by it in all courts forever
SSHai 7b(4); ib. 15b(19); 16a(4); Geon 171:3
Y: i)'1X Suk ib.
[NonN 4- x^nx n.]
NTllOnN n.f. (uncertain) sg. Bo 75:4
NBHN, [NO'IN] n.m. tenant farmer (< Akk
erresu CAD E 305, AIOA 49; 4- xmtfnx; cf.
JPA, MH2 D'-IX DJPA 74, > Arab ^J Fr, AF
128) sg. isyn^a xyix nxa"? xwnx'a tenant
farmer is subjugated to the owner of the field BM
69a(28); Xn3j?nt2/a X^nxV XynX the field is
pledged to the tenant farmer (until the crops are
ripe) ib. 73a(34); XlVs XtfnX byvi X17IX3 Xn
XnVin bywi XlriX3 xm this refers to a place
where the tenant farmer takes half (of the crop)
and that to a place where he takes a third ib.
110a(37); 109b(9); Han m'ap1? XBT1X 'n'X
'Ham the tenant farmer brought dates and
pomegranates before them ib. 22a(38); Xin XtfHX
T3y xp rcvsn xnynx x»nxi he is a tenant
farmer, and a tenant farmer acts for his own sake
^Z21b(15); ib. 61b(26); 5g 92a(6); ib. 119a(3);
5M69a(19); ib. 74b(35); 103b(35); Ket 105b(32;
167

T ■ T
168
3#*pK
MGE 537:5); pi. Tin XTJTB H'Wnx IDX mn '31
liT? WHpa when his tenant farmers used to come
from the field he would recite the qiddus (over
the wine) again for them RH 29b(5); BM
i06b(io); ,Tjmrt> 'ernx 'Jinn wrx ray xV
pTIIPl a person is not likely to remain silent while
tenant farmers seize his field BB 46b(ll);
'Bnx yftob-\ 'CrTX Tlirortn to assign tenant
farmers to work (on the field) and to remove
tenant farmers SSHai 6b(15); 'SPIN 'BMBX^ xrya
I want (him) to increase (the number of) tenant
farmers BB 12b (47)
Lit: Sok, KS 51 [1976] 468. The form w. sin [borrowed from
the Babylonian dialect of Akk] is consistently found in all of
the better mss. of BT and in the Geon. tradition and is the
correct form in JBA [contra AIOA, op. cit.]. The form KO'TX
was borrowed from the Assyrian dialect of Akk into Western
Aramaic [cf. SA O'TX DSA 64, CPA OQ-A"ij< Schulthess, LSp
18] is a corruption introduced into JBA from the common MH
form D>-ix J 120; Y: xonx Hag 25b(40; BAYTN 105).
KJTltfnK, [NniO'-IN] n.f. tenancy (< Akk
arisutu CAD E 306; I XKT-IX) sg. Xp rwiwnx
T3y (the pagan) is working his (own) tenancy AZ
21b(ll); ib. 12; 22a(l); BQ 113b(42; F1)
The term survived in late H in the phrase 013 71WIK Lucena
104:2; Y: xriWIX AZ ib.(BAYTN 175).
1# Nfl'IK n.f. branch canal (< Akk arittu canal
branching off at a right angle CAD A/2 268,
AIOA 36; TA X'frix pi. TO Ex 8:1) sg. 'nnx
'xV-n the canal of the water drawers BQ 50b(51);
ib. 51a(21); 61a(34); Hul 107a(6); bsi IX
pens rrwy xmx xp'ay ix ... xfrnxi if (an
animal) fell into a canal, (and) if the canal is ten
handbreadths deep HP 202:10(HPP 304:17)
RaH: u"m D'nso 'i npiny x'm -ran p era lamcm otct nnx
TOX OHR BQ 59:30; Y: XJinx BQ 50b(51; BAYTN 172).
2#NJV-1N, KJiny, pi. NJVnN n.f. chill, cold
(< xrvny [V2#ny]; I xrvn-iy; jpa nmy det.
DJPA 419, s.v. 2#rmy, Sy rdJ-iA! adj. cold LS
545; 4- xrvny) sg. nwa 'xran 'aan ^atjt&
XJVnx to bathe on the eighth day (in daytime)
because of the cold Nid 67b(17; V5M); ruWX
nnnyi fever and shivering Bo 132:10
Cf. however the Geon. rdg.: XTVinxl XD31X DTOB Nid ii.(HP
136:18) [J, N'TX].
3# Nnnx 4- xrrynx n.
1#"V1K vb. to be long, lengthen (i X3TIX,
1# J1X; JPA "pX af. #1, #2 DJPA 75, Sy ^k' pa.
to lengthen, drag on in time, af. to lengthen LS
49, Ma fix pe. MD 37) Af.#l 1. to lengthen: a.
general: p»VT3 -pXD he lengthens the d.-walls
Er 19b (16); "fl lanxm '3n '3 so that you should
live longer [lit. lengthen (your) life] Ber 8a(19);
b. w. 4- 1#XBX mng. 1, xnn mng. 5b to be
forbearing: n'JH '311 iTBX TOXS He is patient
and will collect His judgment BQ 50a(48); *px»
.Tnn «&(H) [v. PT Seq 48d(32) + //'s]; 2. to
extend In time: X31D "px& Xp mm n"in he saw
that he was taking a long time (in pronouncing
inx) Ber 13b(33); -pxa xpi XJIMH 3T7 ,T'in
rnvfrxa he saw that PN was taking a long time in
his tefilla Sab 10a(15) [cf. Sy ^icv^b
^omiiSJ^ PSmCom 29]
Af.#2 1. to lengthen: "M 7mm 'DM '3 so that
you should live longer [lit. lengthen (your) life]
Er 54a(10); Ber 8a(19; P); iSGF 71:6; ?T31V>1
1'ptl'Bn Y"V>1 piTTVI 1"'V> (in the get) he should
lengthen the waw of piTJl and the waw of
pia'ttf G7< 85b(37); 2. to legally empower, give
power of attorney [denom. < I XJ13TIX]: ]Nin
man "piai one who legally empowers another
HP 66:28; ib. 30; OHT Qid 72:2 [cf. GeonH:
VJVJTIX ib. 90:21]; rG/l.s42 8:1; i& 14
2#T1>t vb. to soften, dress skins (sec. rt.
< 4- VpT af.; cf. Sy v$ pa. to soften LS 730) Pe.
1. to soften: n'103^ rvb mx Xp mn he was
softening up his flesh Sab 33b(45; MGG
584:6,M) [4- Vjjn pe.]; X"a3 TV& in1? -pxi he
softens them well [i.e. the hard leather goods] in
water Seel 104:139; ib. 143; 2. to dress, prepare
(of skins): 'V'lJ XJ3nxi ... '3D XJT'Xl I shall
catch deer and prepare the parchments BM
85b(22; F'Ed) // XJTTja XJ3nxi /fe< 103b(43)
[leather sheets]
Lit: Eps, Stl 120.
3# TIN vb. to knead (< -py*; Sy u^-U LS 548)
Pe.: ami man m1? *pxn xn sin nsxi xin -pxn xn
nSXI D'V this (refers to a case) where he kneaded
and baked, that to where another kneaded for
him, gave (it) to him, and he baked (it) Men
56a(41)
wnaiK 169 i#xnx
NrQDIK n.f. uppermost layer of clay around a
field (4- V33-1, 2#XTJVJ, XDSB) sg. BM 103b(34)
Mng. based on expl. Ar [AC 1:288].
['3"IN 4- XJ13TIX n.]
p-|X 4- ]3-iy n.
xmwiK 4- xrvua-iy n.
[N03-IN 4- X301X n.]
i#nsaix, xaiN, abs. 'nsin, f. xri'aix,
plm/'NaiN adj.', n. pagan (4-' XrVHTIX; TA '^IX
TO Lev 25:47, Sy rdi^sir*' LS 50) I. adj.: sg.m.
HXanx X^'Sp a pagan tavern keeper Sab 51a(25);
MQ 12b(28); Hul lllb(28); II. n.: sg.m.abs.
SSHai 5b (4); det. bwb ma'1?! 'J73T ]Xa 'Xn
xaixa let one who wishes to die smear a salve
on his eyes by means of a pagan Nid 55b(39); Pes
113a(13); San 96a(12); X»nx in HG1 264:30; ib.
265:31; HP 49:28; 'Tan xV 'YI Xlltfy iy X1TJ
n'ap X'aiX do not shame a pagan in the presence
of a proselyte until the tenth generation San
94a(39; F2); HXanx '3 a pagan's house AZ
30a(45); OHT Git 44:24; nxanx 13 the son of a
pagan Yev 45b(37); f. XTVanx "13 ib; pl.m. Sab
139a(55); AZ 31b(34); Men 42a(9); SSSad
268:11; x"?X3T "Xmx pagans of the rural area AZ
lla(26; TGHark 22:16,RaH) [4- 2#x"?3]; X'S13'3
'XaiXT an assembly of pagans Git lla(24)
[sitting as a legal body]; 'XanXT '3D the elders of
the pagans Qid 33a(42); 'X»nXT NID'K; 'XH i.-
beverage of the pagans AZ 31b(24); ib. 33b(29);
34b(3); 35b(52); 39a(37); 75a(10); TGAs28
192:13; 'Xanxi 'XTim Jews and pagans Bo 136:7
Y: iWlX Sab 51a(25; BAYTN 318).
2#nNaiK, f. KH'SIN adj. Syrian, Aramean
(nisbe-form < GN CHX; TA nxfinx TO Gen 25:20,
Sy nilSs-W LS 50) sg.m. HXaiX xVp'T a Syrian
date palm BQ 59a(46); pl.f. XJV'anx nan Syrian
dates Sab 143a(26); ib. 29a(29) [having edible
stones]
The distinction bet. this entry and the prev. one is based on the
vocalization tradition found in TA and Sy; however, since there
is no explicit spelling HXDXTX*, it remains uncertain; Y: nXBIN
BQ ib.
tOTI'SIN n.f. pagan state (4- l#nxa"IX; cf. Sy
rtlSi-Sr? pagan LS 50) sg. ]VYHriX3 p'ln '3
when we were (still) in our pagan state AZ
70a(33) [M: 'ni'» 'XIH '3]; Vrim 31 "?y ^X
HTITaiXS even though he was circumcised when
he was in his pagan state IHP 584:11
bftlX vb. to widow (denom. < 4- xrf?anx;
4- xVaiX, xmVanX; Sy •A-^k' quad., quadref.
LS 735, Ma "?anx quad. MD 38) QuadRef. to
become widowed: xVi mbyb XrlX^S -]riXi3 p'DJl
"1311? T'n'Vl ^aixn'1? you will marry off your
daughters [lit. you will produce from your
daughters daughters-in-law to the world], and
they will not become widowed and come (to live
again) with you MQ 9b(17; Sidra 9 148:6)
*6a"!N n.m. widower (1 V?»TX; Sy rslLisiK'
LS 735, Ma x"?aiX MD 38) sg. 3'Dn xVanxi
XJr?"in3 a widower who is married to a woman
who has not given birth HG2 501:26
NJYlVtt"!!*, abs. iVSHN n.f. widowhood,
unmarried state (4- VVaix; TA l^aiX TJ Is 47:8, Sy
rc'&cAjwiK' LS 735) 1. widowhood: sg. X1JT1
man XmVaiX the widowhood for her husband is
prolonged HP 117:16 = HG2 249:26; 2.
unmarried state: sg.abs. T?aiX 3H'aV» VI ]B 1TVI& 3D
it is preferable (for a woman) to dwell in
matrimony than to dwell in an unmarried state
Yev 118b(38) // Ket 75a(17) // Qid 7a(35) // ib.
41a(23) // BQ llla(2) [cf. I^anx 3'JVX xb TJ Is
ib.]
Geon. expl.: JllTn' lVOTX OHT Yev 233:19 [mng. 2]; cf. also
Akk almanutu lack of support by a male householder CAD A/1
362, mng. 2; Y: <hpiX Yev ib.(BAYTN 279).
Nrfr»"lN n.f. widow (4- V?aiX; TA X?aiX TO
Ge'n 38:11, Sy k'^A-^j-tk' LS 735, Ma XTlVxaiX
MD 38) a. general: sg. X3"?D 'Sin x"7 XJlVanX a
widow should not raise a dog BM 71a(43) // AZ
22b(22); WX Xninnx XnVaiX the responsibility
for indemnity for a widow (who sold property) is
upon the orphans Ket 97a(17); ib. 54a(37); xajV
XJlVaiX 13 an orphan, the son of a widow San
109a(51) // Nid 69a(34); Git 35a(24); XriVaiX '3
the house of a widow AZ 30a(45); b. in a fig.
sense: xnVaiX mm xmi H31D happy is the year
that Tevet is a widow [i.e. w/o rain] Tan 6b(28)
Y: Xrfra-IX Tan ib.(BAYTN 281).
1#N3-|K 4-XJinn.

t : : -
170
njhn
[2# WIN I XJnx n.]
N33"1N n.m. hare (TA xarif? TO Lev 11:6, Sy
KliLsipc' LS 50, Ma 3X:")X MD 38) sg. N331X
X'TI an uncooked hare Ned 65a(9)
N[?31X, Nj?311N n.m. money bag, membrane
(< &pvaid<; Lehnw 133; Sy rdjuiorc' f. LS 50)
1. money bag: sg. 'XflXl npiXT XpJIX Xinn
xm3@D1Db a certain money bag of alms which
was brought to GN BQ 93a(43); ib. 117b(28);
'Tim Xpj"IX a money bag of denars Ber 53b(27;
P); 5M 28b(ll); BB 8a(56); pi. "ITD: XM© "?H
mm XmTDJB 'pJ-lXl perhaps the (way of)
guarding money bags is different from the (way
of) guarding (loose) denars BM 44a(22); Ket
67a(38); nam 73-IX BB 10b(50) [Var: 'pmx
MGE 643:1]; 2. in tcm»1 NpJIX membrane of
the brain [cf. Sy riJta^n r^ k \-\<yc LS 809,
mng. 4]: sg. rryO^B1? Nyn xV?BB X'jp "7B21
ri'mm XplIX^ a pipe fell from the ceiling and
almost pierced the membrane of his brain Ber
19a(8)
Y: XjMIK Ber 53b(28; BAYTN 215).
01N vb. to betroth (Ma D1X MD 38) Pe.: HDIXT
rtBl he betrothed her and died Yev 64b(45); Anan
110:21; Ket 53b(17; V5); pass.part. ,tV XOnx 'X
n'naan xnnx m if the daughter of the sister of
his sister-in-law is betrothed to him Anan 109:9
Itpe. to be betrothed: 'Onxn'X Yev 43b(16); HP
110:19; 'DTOTX TO a betrothable woman G//
43a(43)
N01N n.m. poison (JPA onx DJPA 76) sg. HM
43:23
N301N* n.m. barley groats (< x:D"iy* [cf. MH2
Itny Ber 37a(22)]; I l#xtoin; Sy KLi^irc' LS
51) sg. nV 'sxi ny©T x:o<-i>(a)x<T> x-rart vra
n'U3 he brings leaven of barley groats [gloss:
barley] and bakes it [i.e. the tekhelet] in it Men
43a(5)
Lit: Eps, Stl 38; AAC 67, s.v. XtniX; Low, Flora 1:716 [pTy];
for the identification, v. nytn xb>Win ... ]Diy >*ra Ned 41b(4)
and KlLiiK'... B'ltu BBah 780:19; Y: XJOTX Afen ib.
JHN, 'IN vb. to occur, take place (< Vyiy*; Sy
vxirc' LS 51) Itpe., w. XJlb'a a matter occurred
[euph. for the death of a close relative]: H3T
xrfra TO xyin'X a close relative of PN died Afg
26b(45) [Var: X'Trpx HP 170:27]; j& 18a(3);
fler 46b(10); /J// 34a(52; M); &e/(Eps, St2
20:10)
Lit: Eps, Stl 177.
NjnN, N1N;, pi. KnjHK n.f. earth, land,
ground, field (i xjnx mix, xrvy-ix, xyix na,
y-Vra, xy-ix na, xyixi xw na, xyixi xno;
TA Xjhx TO Gen 1:22, Sy rdiV LS 51, Ma
l#XpiX, pi. XnxnxpiX MD 39) 1. earth (in a
cosmic sense): a. general: sg. XJHX ,_H bo all the
inhabitants of the earth San 100b(39); rVOVa
XyiX the earthly kingdom [i.e. of the Davidic
dynasty] Ber 49a(51); 'in 'DID JlVn XYyb xyiXB
it is three parasangs from the earth to the dark
cloud BB 75b(26); ,T>b XXSpi XD'J TV1? T3ynx
Xjnx a miracle took place for him and the earth
contracted San 95a(45); XJHX pspm JVys DX
"jaip if you want the earth to contract before you
HM 43:19; b. //1 xyp"l, X"Btf mng. 1: sg. XttJ
XyiX ]B X'BE? WlSriXT as much as the sky was
separated from the earth HMGas 94:10; Dinri ja
xyp"l on W xy*lX from the lowest part of the
earth [lit. the abyss of the earth] and up to the
highest part of the sky SSHai 6b(l 1); XJ»m "p3
xyp-n xrvo^B pa xvixt xmaba xnai blessed
is the Merciful One who created the earthly
kingdom similar to the heavenly kingdom Ber
58a(43); xjrpia Tin xy-iX3 xsi in"? namxi he
placed one wing on the earth and one in the sky
Git 68b(40); XyixV X'BW p Til? rrapiX he
placed David between the sky and the earth San
95a(48); Bek 8b(34); X3'X7 nyr X1? Xyixa X3'XT
nyT XJ'pna you do not know what there is on
earth. Can you know what there is in heaven? San
39a(i8); x'Bwa pnrra njnxa yntKnyj let them
be bound on earth and sealed in heaven Bo 21:15;
2. land, country: a. general: sg. JOT^n XBV ]a
pyiX ]a from the day that you went into exile
from your land Sab 116b(6); Meg 26b(2); BQ
93a(9); 'TS X13y x"?T xrf?33B xynx a 'bound'
land that does not produce fruit Sab 54a(15)
[expl. GN Via? IK 9:13]; X3Wm XyiX a land of
darkness [i.e. Babylonia] Men 52a(27) [+ It's;
i X3Wn mng. 1]; XIXHH 'W'Wp the elders of the
land [i.e. Eretz Israel] Pes 113b(8); b. w. GN's:
Xl'l'BO KynK 171 2#NfljT1K
sg. bHlVI XyiX the Land of Israel Meg 22a(49);
Ket llla(21); nnSBI Xy-\X Land of Egypt So(
13a(25); DnoT XJ?nX Land of Sodom Sab
67a(27); 3. earth (in a concrete sense), ground,
soil: sg. n'mri XJHX n'1? xnn the ground under
him became wide for him [i.e. it opened up to let
him hide] San 95a(39); XJHX3 '"?X3 X1STO 'XH
this beauty will waste away in the ground [i.e. the
grave] AZ 20a(33) // Ber 5b(33); xaD'jV n'XJ?T
XJ?1X3 he stuck the lance into the ground San
95a(46); AZ 76b(16); Xjnxa pin hollow out (a
space) in the ground BB 7a(3); 'JHXB 131 '3TB
'jnxa X^l 'pj' 'T1XB p3'B (mushrooms) do indeed
grow out of the ground, (but) they actually draw
their nourishment from the air and not from the
ground Ned 55b(13) // Ber 40b(41); XJHX "ID-lV
to loosen the soil (of the field by plowing) MQ
2b(13); Ned 41b(38); BB 17b(27); XJia'BO XJHX
X'H it is compact earth Sab 100b(38); msyi XM
njnxi it [i.e. the property], its earth, and its soil
SSHai 6a(5); 4. ground, lowest level, bottom:
sg. xjnxx rramxi n'lxn"? icp rcbpv the
emperor took his crown and placed it on the
ground Gi( 57a(18); ib. 68b(17); AZ 71b(8); 'X.1
WU XJ?"IX ty XinriCX the '.-portion (of the leg)
reaches the ground Ara 19b(28) // Yev 103a(29);
XyixV XIA'XB r\V,V they threw it from the roof to
the ground Ket 104a(ll); Tan 3b(42); Pes
101a(10); Qid 40a(14); Hul 51a(42); iy pjOl
XJHX "?J? p'SX ]'p31T they bow down until their
faces touch the ground Anan 19:18; Tcb bS3T
xjnx xdb xVi j'w ya© nai 'an xa'sn the ax of
the carpenters' shop descended (in the sea) for
seven years and did not reach the bottom BB
73b(31); Ber 37b(44) [I l#X3ia]; 5. field,
arable land [LS ib., mng. 4, Ma xnxnxpnx
xriXIWHl fields and deserts MD ib.]: a. general:
sg. Xjnx Xin one field Ket 69a(31); Tinnx Xjnx
another field BM 16a(17); XIIB1? XanpBT XJ?nx a
field which is close to the town Ket 80b(15); Gi(
73a(20); m'3T xnyix xjnx 1'priBT ]xa 'xn one
who prepares a field for the sake of a threshing
floor MQ 10b(13); Xjnx p'312n ]KB one who
bequeaths a field Ket 50b(5); X2?nx"? Xjnx
X13yri2;a the field is pledged to the tenant farmer
(until the crops are ripe) BM 73a(34); ib.
104b(23); 108b(33); SSHai 7a(15); pt TK\ '3
XIX when he was buying a field Qid 26a(15;
TGAs28 37:27); Xjnx Vo"1*? XpOD a'H'T ]XB let
the one who pays the land tax receive the
usufruct of the field BB 54b(17); "jSTrrn xrj?3
'Xjnx I want my field to be manured BM
103b(5); rpjnx"? H'b 3nai someone who is
plowing his field BB 36b(10); Xjnxi xyniV Xjnx
Tab a field for sowing and a field for (building)
houses BM 108b(34); XJ'J?3 'Xynxi 'DTI I want
the wheat .of my field ib. 105a(20); pi. 'mn
xnxyiX two fields BB 61b(38); ib. 168b(14); BQ
116b(49); BM 106a(25); XB^y 'biai XJiyiX "?T
everyone's fields decreased in value BQ 7a(31);
b. w. measures: xynXT xmj a g.-measure of land
ib. 96a(8); xyiXT Xl'Dp a plot of land BM
75b(41)
Y: Xjnx Ber 18b(52; BAYTN 76).
- n'vao Kynx i rmx> n.
Kri'yiK, Nri'lN n.f. lowest part, bottom
(4- xyix mng. 4) sg.cs. XBirm rrynx the lowest
part of the abyss BB 63b(8); det. rwynx SSHai
llb(15); X3BT XH'yiX the bottom of the vessel
AZ 71b(6); Yom 48a(5) // X1BT xnnx Men
1 la(29); n'mai xn'ynx the bottom part of his
skull Ket 77b(21)
Y: xn'yiK Ket ib.
P"IK 4 Vpny vb.
l#Nri|T1K, NnpnST n.f. shoe thong (< XXipny;
I 2#Xrip1; TA Xl6a r\p-\f TO Gen 14:23, Sy
4# rCiLai^ LS 550, Ma 2#Xpnx*, pi. X'plX
MD 39) sg. XJXDBT XDpny San 74b(l); BB
21a(21); 5vu 30b(20); xnpiX Ifev 102a(31) pi.
XnpiX Ber 43b(49)
Geon. expl.: iyi TDTW] OlJITl XJX0S1 xn|7"lX TGAs42 169:1;
TGWeisz 80:3; Nold, MG 582; Y: xri^X Yev 102a(31; BAYTN
182).
2# NriplK n.f. fluke worm (cf. i xpny) sg. Sab
109bO8;' TRN 628:5) [Var: XJipny Ar (AC
6:275); O: XDpTX; M: XIIXpiX pi.]
Geon. expl.: [pipl] B'yiVl y\ft nam DlxVe WX1S3 XS11» p»
Snp^>X an D'Vxyotr' mix TRN 628:5, i.e. {-Jill ili pumpkin
seed; xV Vw fxi pw"? TP mnixw nj?1?!? 'yaw 'B^a now
nai1? xVl yi^a1? GnK5 168:27. Low, Lehnw 134, rejects a Gr
derivation; Y: xrijTlX BAYTN 182.

NUN
172
l#KJTtfN
ntin, jmy, pi. kjikitik, »mmy n.m. sack
(< XY1?; Sy pc'i-ui. [text: W'a-ii], expl. as
rdJ-i^K' ^itIi ijl5iJI BAli 1:5282, BBah
981:21, > Arab 13154. Fr, AF 203) sg. n<"l>nwiy
OZ/r 50 8:22; pi. XJ3'm XJll(-|)(inx ID'Vn
thirteen sacks of straw .SVk 29b(4) // Ned
25a(49)!; !OTTIX OHP Ned 84:23
Geon. expl.: TMltfa X1TO mCOnil <to)'J) J1"D jwta J'y "731
iTW<l>niy OHT BQ ib„ i.e. i)i>i [v. Eps, ib."*]. The // in PT
Svu 34b(28) has <f>l)'l^nB basket DJPA 428; Lit: Sok, Mutual
Elucidation 406.
l#K>V8hK, pi. KJlN'firiN n.f. power of
attorney (4- V2#'2h; MH2 nXBTin J 369) pi.
]J3n 1'Vpa XJ1X3-I1X1 XriX'ttHXS the Rabbis are
lenient in various types of powers of attorney
TGHark 93:22
2#K71'BhK, NTTI'HhK n.f. an advance meal
(which must be repaid later; lit. a benefit;
4- Vl#'Bh, XJSniB; Ma niTBnx his loan Jbl 55:3;
cf. Sy ,_jc_irc' to give a gift LS 745) pi. XH
Xljmsi XH XfiX'WIXS this refers to advance
meals, that to the repayment meal MQ 22b (22;
HP 168:19) [Var: XJTBnX HG1 434:66]
Lit: Low, Hoffmann Vol 121; Eps, Stl 49, compares Ma: 13
x'-mp n'a X'lxn x:x-iibi Vem j'tnxn x'mobiw when the
groomsmen prepare the advance meal in Sheol, and the
repayment meal is in the cemetery Jbl 114:6.
XtPN n. word in charm formula XlVs XltfX
XJlVMin rX"'(')03X Git 69a(8)
IBM vb. to spill out, shed (Sy aire' LS 52, Ma
tox MD 40) Pe. l. to spill out: jirwa^ 'yra
(X'VTIOT XJ13173 he must spill out (the water) in
a raised place HP 14:6; 2. to shed (of blood):
D1 TE?X "I3J a man (who) sheds blood Sab
156a(43)
Itpe. to be spilled out: Xpi xronwai nxn
X'»i XT133 rr>D XTOXri'a a lung all of which is
in a state that is spilled out like a pitcher of water
HP 200:17 [cf. Hul 47b(41)]; X'»'»n TWTTXT the
hot water was spilled out Seel 10:131(Eps, Stl
104:24); ib. 39:41
Lit: Eps, Stl 104.
NITttfN n.f. fir tree {Abies; < Akk asuhu CAD
A/2 478; Ma 1# XiTRPX MD 40, Arab CJi, Wehr
492) pi. TTOX1 'nx cedars and fir trees Sab
157a(5) // fles 30a(40; V17) [cf. Ma: ]» XT7X
rbJ13 J» V'Sp XHWXl p'ly 'XrU'J a cedar was torn
from my garden and a fir was felled from its
garden bed MD ib.]
Geon. expl.: WW D3"C pw^ -] V"^ Xipi Xl.11 XVI XV 'nWK
1» ny tiito x"7X nx I'as xini nuum mrson 'nn r>»iy pni
nxn ja taio -mi' Kim nxn Ar [OHP Bes 58:27]; Lit: Low,
Flora 3:39; Pfl 60. This is most likely a loanword since the Akk
word is borrowed from Sum where it may also not be native [v.
CAD supra]; Y: 'niWX Sab ib.(BAYTN 66).
Ji#K, J'tfK adj. hard (< p/HZ/y*; Sy t:-v' LS
552, Ma X'jWX MD 41) sg.m. ]WK Hul 122a(37;
V") [* 4- "pi]; ib. 136b(15); pl.m. ib. 76a(31);
'J1W(')X3 XH '3'3-Q XH this refers to soft (gourds)
and that to hard ones Ned 49a(26) [cf. Ma
x'wx Dxiip i» x'^rra jrm x'aipnx' Gs 3:13];
x:wxt row «ix 'jiwxi prrn na just as carobs
which are hard, so fodder which is hard Sab
155a(36); ib. 155b(6)
Lit: Nold, MG 40; 582. Ar [AC 1:319] reads always ymt; Y:
XJiWX BAYTN 66.
"lWK 4-Vl#"ltfX Vb.
NJintfN n.m. an ailment (4- XJin©) sg. //M 39:1
KtP'PK 4-2#Xtf'B?n.
lttNJVPN, pi. NriN'tfN n.f. wall (< Akk asitu
B metal part or decoration of a door CAD A/2
441, AIOA 37; Hat Jl'tfX DNWSI 123, Ma XJWX
wall MD 40, Sy r?hi+x-& column LS 52,
> Arab *iJ column Fr, AF 11) sg. mm '131 Xinn
,T"l3m '13 'linx XJVPX '33 a certain man who
was building a wall behind the windows of
another (blocking his view) BB 7a(18); ib. 34;
TGAs28 25:15; Xri"-|3 xnSXi xri'WX the outer
wall of the mansion Er 25b(13); Ber 56a(45;
MSM 142:17); XTl'K/X H'V piSTTXl the wall split
for him ib. 54a(39); Xl^Sl xmn Xj"?S XTHPX Xin
Xp'Jiy a partly new (and) partly old wall BB
7a(23); xnj/'jn XTVWX X'm a certain unsound
wall Tan 20b(25); ib. 21a(5); jnirn x"7 maoi
'xn'ttfx jnrrn xV 'aa xax 'xmyx you are of the
opinion: "My wall should not become unsound."
I also (am of the opinion): "My wall should not
become unsound" BB 6b(29); ib. 6a(30); 7a(21);
59a(5); pi. nnX'WX SSHai 6a(5) [of a property];
ib. 1 lb(14); ]-\rWO! nVT3Txn"lMrt> TO'in he saw
2# KlVtfN
173
1»N
that the walls of his house had become black Ber
28a(32); XJlX'WXl XJVW the blackness of the
walls BQ 20b(28); BM 117b(14)
Lit: Nold, MG 113; Y: NJTWX Ber 54a(39; BAYTN 27).
2#Kn't?«, pi. NflN'^N n.f. metal plaque
(perh. < Akk asitu B metal part or decoration of
a door CAD A/2 441) pi. p'pn XDX'ltfX f? Tl'Xl
TIl^J? we have metal plaques on which is
engraved ... BB 73a(19; MGG 32:1)
Arab expl.: Tin ll'KBS i.e. Jj-ii j<Jli^. metal plates [v. 1B0
ni'^jian mgg ib.1].
l#{tD33t^N n.f. eulogy delivered up to a year
following the death of the deceased (I Vl#33W)
sg. 'TJ n'J133^X PN's eulogy Ket 103b(12; V5);
ib. 13
Geon. expl.: O'Mj? p D'^nJ ]'3 O'SSn !'XJW ]31 1BBJW H'W:
1'TBoa VVwa ix 3X3 ix jinna ix jvoa ix T'X3 ix ]0'n nesa ox
XJ133WK '3»n ison dwi nix 'jw ns'w1?! ifttav na'wa wix
TRN 424:2. The Talmudic text Ket ib. refers to a eulogy
delivered a year after the death of the deceased [cf. rdg. ib.
14(MGG 873:6): .TO xV XBV Sinn ,TO XJ1W ,1^131 0313 Xinn].
Lit: G. Alon, Lesonenu 16 [1949] 144+; Y: ,TJ133»N Ket
ib.(BAYTN281).
2# Knasfi^N I xnsstix n.
NriS3S7K, Nri33S;N n.f. shoemaking (I XB3EhX;
cf Sy K'&o.a-a-*--^ LS 777) sg. XnS32;Xl X3'3D
shoemaking knife BM 116a(16; Ar [AC 6:53, s.v.
]'3D], X"0) [H: XriSDiyXT X1'3D]; Sab 123b(15)
Geon. expl.: nn'3T b>X ]'30 GnK5 169:14, i.e. S^jjjII jji- knife
for a sacrificial animal; Y: Xri3?BX Sab ib.(BAYTN 281).
Nri3^N, pi. '3^N n.f. testicle (Sy ^^T.r^,
pl.'rV^T rf LS 52) pi. HM 38:9
1# vhtiK, Xbtin n.m. rope, a measure (< Akk
aslu A rope CAD A/2 447, AIOA 39; OfA X7W.
surface measure DNWSI 124, ftm AOFCI 191,
Sy ^ V v .^ LS 53, Ma x"?tt?X MD 41, > Arab
Jii Fr, AF 93) 1. rope: a. general: pi. Xn'riaT
b'J^a 'btt^XS (the animal) is pulled by ropes from
above Suk 23a(43); '^X '1BT8 to twist ropes SH/fc
16a(6; M2); b. for towing a boat [cf. CAD ib.,
mng. l.a]: pi. '^X3 n1? n^a (PN) towed it [i.e.
the boat] with ropes Ket 85a(3); xbm 'mnax BM
107b(48) [along a canal]; ib. 53; XTT1' X"?2?X an
extra tow rope ib. 79b(14; F1); c. for measuring
[cf. CAD ib., mng. l.b]: pi. WE/ai 'Vk;x 1J1"X
bring ropes and measure Bek 8b(36); d. used fig.
for authoritative traditions: pi. '313T '"7WX3 X'^m
(the matter) originates from great men [lit. is
hung on large ropes] Bes 27a(19) // BB 31b(25)
// AZ 7b(36); Ket 67a(37); 2. a measure of
length [cf. CAD, ib., mng. 2]: sg. 'pma ]D'33
'■wx nn 'pma n^nsi x"?iyx m xnsn xinna in
Nisan (the boats) are at a distance of one '.-
measure from that place, and in Tisri they are at
a distance of two '.-measures BQ 116b(24)
Expl. Ar: mnn ]» o'^n j'wiyw wi oiaap ix [nwsa 1'Biyw b>3n
nj'BD.I nx ]n pSWWl ^>pl ^B AC 1:316. Note that since the A
word for 'tamarisk' is ^JIX* [cf. Arab JSl, Sy rdAW Pfl 65],
the derivation of '3131 ,r?»X from BH ^WX should be rejected
[v. Eps, PLA 259, contra Low, Flora 3:400], and the form X°?»X
TJ IS 22:6 should thus be considered a Hebraism. This is poss.
the mng. in 'Vl'ltm IpBX x:i.1 31 X.11 did PN not, in fact, declare
the ... ownerless? BQ 30b(41) [M: ''nfflX; v. Geon. expl., OHP
ib. 128:22]; Y: X^BX BQ ib.(BAYTN 76).
2# nVb;« n.m. a rush (< Akk aslu B CAD A/2
449) pi. xnp'ny X'lisn '^©X rushes of (the
mattress of) an old bed Git 69a(19) [in a medical
recipe; cf. Akk ersu asli mattress filled with
rushes CAD E 316]
Geon. expl.: BX1B B"l?3 xniBI X^BX OHT Git 155:13, i.e.
l^D? •••
n.m. an alkaline substance
(i XlVllff; MH &Vii M§abK 9:5; cf. Akk aslaku
fuller, washerman CAD A/2 445) sg. ,T»» xfim
it is called '. Nid 62a(21) [expl. MH l^X Mib.
9:5; i VpS3 af, mng. I.a.4; Var: XJxVltfX GC
115:3]
Lit: Low, Pfl 305; Flora 1:648+; Y: X})m Nid ib.(BAYTN
215).
Nfia^K n.f. a type of demon (4- Vd1?©; Sy
^x,'Ci'v v <* sib 200, Ma xnxax'jwx, xnaxbxK;
MD 41, 442) sg. Bo 35:8; ib. 49:9; 75:4; 94a:6;
pi. 38:9; 43:1; 80:6; 120:2
*pK, *p$ vb. to cast a spell (denom. < Akk
asipu exorcist CAD A/2 431, AIOA 38; 4- XDtf'X,
xn'S^X; Sy ,<s yrf LS 53, Ma ^X MD 41) Pe.:
X3'3J1 [in'jT1?! XSiy'Xl xai'T XS2?'X3 p1? X3S'12;X
I shall cast upon you a spell of the sea and a spell
of Leviathan, the sea monster Bo 2:3; ib. 29:8;
52:6; pass.part. ]'S'rwy"' /& 86:1
[KStPN n.m. (uncertain; 4- XS3B?1X) sg. XTl'l

KTlfitfK
174
xntfx
XSWX1 scraping of ... Ket 77b(18; RaH.Ar [AC
2:356], MGG 226:2) [but NB3WT XTl'l Ar
(OHR ib. 59:3)]
Geon. expl.: 0,1 D'3»yi {DHI D'380 XBB'XI KTTJ1 XJT'XI KTTJ
[T031? "IBBX 'XI TRN 646:3; expl. Ar: ]Q JTm 1'B3W1XW ,10
nmy.1 AC ib.; Lit: AAC 71.]
SOlStf N 4- X-IStt/X n.
KT'StfN 4- 1# XT'DPIX n.
Nl|t#N n.m. mender of garments (< Akk
isparu weaver CAD I/J 255, AIOA 59; Sy
K'-ii.x-rf' tailor BBah 310:24) pi. nSPX1? '3X13
in1? Iran' 'STI how do we give (womens')
garments to the menders? AZ 20b(17; Ar [AC
1:322]) [J: niBPX]; X*B»1X rG£W9 94:16
Expl. Ar: O'TOil 'JpJllK? pniX AC ib.; Y: niSBX AZ ib.
HatfStfK n.m. (uncertain) sg. TUIJ'an
xn u p 'tbi T3i now n,I7 13jdi '"ueraerxV
rU3BT they sold them to the ..., and wrote him a
deed of a complete sale from the court of GN
TGAs28 23b:18; ib. 24:19; 26; H'V 'BT7WV 1'3'riB
71'ty 1T0SX1 'XB '©BWXV they are required to pay
the ... the loss they caused him TGAs28 24b:8
Lit: H.Z. Hirschberg, A History of the Jews in North Africa, 1,
Leiden 1974 219, deals with the above responsa and translates
here 'cook' from P. But this is incorrect, since this should be
aspaz [courtesy Sh. Shaked].
NpiptfN n.m. fictitious word for nyi3P 'oath'
sg. DV73 'DX X1? xpiptfX (if he said) '., he said
nothing Ned 10b(28)
Y: KjJlptfK BAYTN 242.
KflVpTB7N n.f. deed of sale (4- V2# bpti; cf. Akk
masqaltu payment CAD M/l 382) sg. 12 H31 Win
XJlbpiSXXl XyilBX run in PN signed on a m.-
document and on a deed of sale BB 48b(15); ib.
17; 18; 19
Expl. Rashi: HTSBH 1D»; Y: Xrfrj?»X BB ib.(BAYTN 281).
1#"TC7N vb. run, make haste (?; etym.
unknown) Pe.: H"n TTC7X run quickly Ber 57b(56)
[P: WliTl]; Git 34a(29); X"H T,1£?X X"H "TUtfX &»i
119a(12)
Lit: N61d, MG 2291 [2pl.m. imper.].
2#1&K vb. to strengthen, believe (sec. rt.
< 4- Vvttf af; 4- 'x-wx, i#xmtfx) Pa. 1. to
strengthen: 1"WXB ... nan dates strengthen Ket
10b(48) // Git 70a(14); 2. to believe [Sy i_£, af.
LS 803, mng. 4]: "WXJ1 xV injnt TO T13n JVB
(if you were told that) your friend has died,
believe; that he became rich, do not believe Git
30b(7)
Af. to strengthen: bVTlB nriT Vri "RP"X 'X
rn'bwx if I can make my strength exceed that
of PN, I shall abolish it Git 36b(31)
RaH: ro V? 1'JJVIW pVHB OHR Git 46:23 [mng. 1].
'Nlt^N n.m. credit, outstanding credit
(4- V2# ItiX, 2# XJYltiX) sg. 'Xllt/X f? IPX we have
outstanding credit 55 22a(21); 'XI^X IJTipjn iy
13TH until you abrogate your outstanding credit
ib. 22; BM 63b(34); D"jyV 'X"WX3 3,T he gave
(merchandise) on credit to poor people TGHark
99:32; ib. 23; S$Hai 9b(17); i& 17a(18); •'313T1?
'X11£;X3 to sell on credit TGHark 100:9; "73
'T1X X1? pSD 'JIX pBD "X"WX it is doubtful whether
all outstanding credit will be repaid [lit. come] or
not Pes 113a(21) [expl. as Djn'B 3'J1'J1 X1?
'X"IK/X3 do not give anything on credit TGHark
100:1]; 'X-I2/X Xlfin 73X1 he lost that outstanding
credit TGHark 99:32; 'XTOX1 J113in debts and
outstanding credit SSHai 17b(8)
Since the voc. tradition of this word and its usage is as a sg. n.,
its gram, form is uncertain. Voc: 'X'TOX HPP 71:18; Y: 'lOBX
BM 63b(34).
l#Nri"1t^N n.f. strength, certification of a
document (4- V2#-ll»X, 'XltfX, V"nti af.; mng. 1:
Ma l#nXE/X well, thoroughly MD 39; mng. 2:
MH2 ]'3"TI JTWX J 130) 1. strength: sg. Git
62a(39) [spoken as encouragement to workers];
2. certification of a document: sg. DHy ]'3
XJTWxV between the witnesses and the
certification (on the document) BB 163a(16); ib.
19; 23; 'PTI xm»X 'Xn the certification of the
judges Ket 21b(13) [= MH2 DT'in JT1E/X PT Git
50c(29)]; li. 85a(48); Git 26b(33); Lucena 240:3
Expl. RaH: 181X ,Til HI ps'llV X°?X lpmvi lTM D3rD 1W" OHR
Git 41:9 [mng. 1]; Geon. expl.: nnWWI 0V|7 TGAs42 150:22
[mng. 2]; Voc: XfilBX" HGP 44a:29; Y: XniBX BAYTN 284.
2# NITON n.f. (uncertain; 4- 'XltiX) sg. XJV12/X
'^3101 ... for ^.-garments Grt 14a(43)
Expl. Ar: credit, bundle AC 1:323, s.v. 21WX; v. also Agur 35:5.
NfltPK n.m. perh. bottom, lowest part, hold
TpriftK 175 ins
(Vjintf; Sy ^<L^tf LS 810, rdaArc'a k'Jo.k'
PSm 411) sg. XJ1WX3 XJ?3BT X31X X'nn a certain
boat which sank (in the canal) up to its hold Pes
40b (2) [Ed: XJW'ri]
Mng. uncertain.
[twines 4- xauiti n.]
[Na'JWK 4- xaxwx n.]
IpriB/N adv. last year, previous year (cf. Akk
saddagda, etc. last year CAD S/l 38; Sy
(,)n-i>ai-x_r5' LS 53) ipnm nwn e?xt xnx
nnyxi he came on New Year's day last year and
vexed him Ber 27b (45); IpJTtf'Xia 'Jl"1? let him
bring (barley) from that of the previous year Men
84a(18); Sab 87b(36); Bes 5b(24); RH 30a(44);
Pej78b(57);5«A:41a(33)
Lit: AIOA 96, w. prev. lit. [loan from Amorite]; Y: 1|?n»X Pes
3b(52).
JIN pron. you (sg.m.; Sy dVJrc' LS 31, Ma
1# J1X3X MD 24; 4- IUX) a. in non-verbal phrases:
1) subj.: Tbn JIX you are from GN Pes 62b(22);
m 'XV33 you are a Babylonian Hul 50a(10); Mib
JIX nxai you are not a deceiver BM 28b(34); X3X
nx you are PN Yom 87a(50); Ber 62a(16); Git
56a(53); 'nx DX1 X3X I and you are brothers Yev
97b(15); XTaVn nx you are the apprentice San
109b(53); 2) pred.: T1X ]XB who are you? Qid
81b(ll); 3) as a copula: JIX 'TT 'X13 JIX you are
my own son Yev 37b(27); ib. 30; 36; in 13 JIX
JIX ID'33 you hold a deed written on the first of
Nisan [lit. you are the son of the first of Nisan]
Ket 95a(2); b. in verbal phrases: 1) w. pf.: X1H JIX
maXT you are the one who said BB 125a(3); JIX
"\VSlb JIBIl you brought it upon yourself San
107a(42); 2) w. imp.: 'V 'j'UJlJl X1? "pil JIX you,
yourself, will not be lent to me BM 94b(8); ,'y3,31
J1X1XIX 'am let the two of us [lit. I and you] pray
Ber 31b(48); 3) w. imper.: XJ1 "?1j; JIX you, come
in (to the school) Svu 34b(5); JIX XB'X you, say!
AZ 1 la(15); San 19a(50); 4) w. part.: 'V imy JIX
Xlp' are you honoring me? Ber 48a(25); JIX
31T XJlJiyau/ JTCHSB you make a distinction in
PN's legal traditions Hul 57a(36); XWBDB X3X
rhpV J1X1 shall I fatten (the animal), and will you
take (the increase in value)? BQ 65a(12); c. as an
extraposited unit: "l"? XT3DT JIX you who are of
this opinion RH 34b(14); Bek 44b(12); ~pb nx
"|03X your heart induced you (to swear falsely)
Svu 26a(38); d. after ]1JD: nx ]1J3 IX1? not like you
Pes 113b(2)
Y: fix BAYTN 341.
l#KnS, pi. KnKlflK n.m. letter (Sy rc^rV, pi.
rc'AiSiMV LS 53, Ma 2# XJ1X, pi. XJ1X1J1X MD 42)
pi. XJ1X1J1XT XJV3 XS"7X "73 the whole alphabet of
letters HG1 491:34; yn XTTI 'HiniJIX the letters
of this spell Bo 133:7; XJ1(1>C1J1X linfV'X Bo 80:8
[2# xm I xnr n.]
im, y\m, prUK pron. you (pl.m.; TA ]1J1X TO
Gen 29:4, Sy ^o^lIk' LS 31, ModMa ]1J1X MD
25, s.v. 11J1X3X) a. in non-verbal phrases: 3"J?X
pnx WVpi ]1J1X 1331T even though you are
scholars:you are experienced Ber 46b(20)
[double rdg.]; Sot 31a(29); ]1J1X ^Tm you are
young BB 142b(36); 7\jbr\ XH 1HX1 X3X I and you
are, in fact, three Pes 110a(32); I'B'Sn J1J1X you
are wise Qid 33b(36); b. in verbal phrases: 1) w.
pf.: 'X031X3 fmyT pJi:X1 you knew about my
difficult straits SSHai 16b(14); 2) w. imp.: ]1J1X1
XITa DT13DJ1 xb could you not elucidate it from
this? Ket 60b(38); 3) w. imper.: 'Xra 1J?3 ]1J1X
you, ask me BQ 59b(7); 'Bl ]1J1X 13T1B 'XTO X3X
'TIB MVO I drank from yours. You, also, drink
from mine San 67b(36); iTrr> WW 11J13X *]X1
you, also, excommunicate him Dec 3:9; ib. 4:9;
6:6; TGHark 84:14; 4) w. part.: rf? W3J1B '3n 1J1X
nb ]r3Jia XSS'X ]1X you transmit it in this manner,
(and) we transmit it in an opposite manner Bek
5a(8); Er 54b(52); Tan 7b(13); 5M47a(28); Hul
48a(15; H2); jlJlX ^ WJl'S 'X if you listen to me
San 30a(26); RH 21a(26); Tan 7a(54); Ket
27b(38); BQ 99b(26); 'mVy ^2tib W3'OT ]1J1X
'Bm you are (sufficiently) important to pray for
him Tan 15b(42); T'jDpi piJ?B1 I'D'1?© J1J1X
'Tiff "?3 j'pDBI you rule, blind, kill, and remove
all the demons Bo 33:9; ib. 17; 43:4; 48:5; 52:17;
60:4; 70:7; 112:7; c. as an extraposited unit: ]1J1X
n'3 1T3J? OTy3T na "?3 you, do whatever you
want with him Ber 58a(41); Sab 37b(34); 1J1X
mnx IJlHSp x"7 13'S11 you, yourselves, are not
particular about each other BM 37a(41); pjlX
\>R-W pXT XJID'XX IIJTSJIH you who live along

N3WN
T
176
TIN
the north of Eretz Israel BB 25b(33); 'XB3 )WX
in1? W'13n with what do you moderate them [i.e.
vegetables]? Ber 44b(45); San 108b(44); ]WX
XniaVai XnB'X 13'Vy n'X you have the fear of the
government upon you AZ 65a(14); Hul 107a(l);
'V W'V'XW ]WX I have borrowed you [lit. you are
loaned to me] BM 97a(24; V22); d. after pi3:1113
Xliy'W 13V 'anna X1?! ]WX like you who have
never seen the size (of an Italian as) Hul 54b(13)
Lit: Eps, Gr 21; Y: \vii Ber 46b(20; BAYTN 341).
NJIJIN n.m. oven, furnace (< Akk atunu, utunu
kiln, furnace AHw 1445, AIOA 110; 4- X1WX '3;
TA Xling TO Ex 19:18(Var), Sy rdja&t? LS 55,
Ma X1WX MD 43, > Arab oJ' Fr, AF 26) sg.
Kin X-113 XS'll mm X1WX Xinn a certain oven in
which the fire [i.e. the coals] had been raked Ket
67b(38); XJWX1? 'J13'0 X1W1 '11 a pagan who
threw a coulter into an oven AZ 38a(29); Sab
74b(l 1); XlinXT HB1S the mouth of a furnace Bo
135:3
Y: tam Ket ib.(BAYTN 161)r
NflVrmN n.f. beginning (4- VVnfl; MH2 rfrnxiil J
371) sg. X'H HT3OT nnVnnX H3'll kidnapping is
the beginning of selling (the victim) San 86b(17);
xmimST XnVnnX the beginning of retribution
Tan 29a(35; M2); lyiBl xnVnnx the beginning of
the holiday Sot 41b(l); RH 10b(22); Meg
17b(43); Sot 2b(29)
Y: Syrinx Tan ib.(BAYTN 281).
TIN vb. to come, be deduced, be apt (4- X"Jia,
'X1XT XaVy; Sy re'dW LS 54, Ma l#Xnx, af.
X'n'X, JX'TW etc. MD 41+) Pe., pf. lsg. 'Xnx BB
74a(8); TI'TlK Sab 116b(ll); 2m. Tl'nx Sab
152a(7); 3m. XDX MQ 17a(31); f. 'Xnx Ket
67b(37); nnx Yev 105b(28); SSHai 13a(8); lpl.
1XT1X Zev 73a(15); 2m. lD'IlX Git 56b(20); 3m.
mx Tan 7a(55); f. jxnx Qid 81a(34); imp. lsg.
'Jim fler 16a(8); 2m. UK 'IW1 5M 105a(26); 3m.
T'i Sa« 113a(49); Tl'V Meg 7b(23); TV" San
98b(8); SSHai 5b(4); f. 'n'n Meg 28a(45); lpl.
W'l 7a« 25a(52); 2m. WJ15er 35b(25); 3m. W'1?
//«/118a(20); ]W" Yom 71b(8); imper. 2sg.m. xn
Ket 85b(31); f. 'II £r 53b(15); 'XJl ib.(M); 2pl.m.
in BB 22a(43); 5a« 100a(4); lira Tan 23b(l);
inf. xn'BV torn 77b(22); 'n'B1? San 96b(52); part.
lsg. XJ'nx BB 118b(l); 2m. Jl'IlX Svu 32b(7);
3m. T1K Tan 21b(33); f. XTX San 7b(16); lpl.
irilX BB 73b(19); 2m. WAX Xp Er 21a(27); 3m.
WX 7ev 100a(19); f. ]XWX San 75a(37); l'WX
Meg 27b(46);- 1. to come: a. alone: X1WX xV 'X
1'BT 1'JlVn iyi p'a if I do not come within thirty
days from now Ket 3a(24); irm'n Xlpy'X XHX1X
by the time that he came his wife had become
infertile ib. 62b(35); Git 56a(36); WX nB'X
xn'WB when will the Messiah come? San
98a(48); Xn'TKaDlS1? WX1 'X3iy IHIH certain
Arabs who came to GN BB 168b(14); X31X X'nn
13J/T xV'Bl"? 'XnXT X0T1OT a certain boat (with
a cargo of) fish brine which came to the port of
GN AZ 34b(i3); an map"? ijixt now '-in imn
IDT two certain writs which came before PN Ket
94b(29); xynni1? ]XT1XT Xfl"3W -|in certain
women captives who came to GN Qid 81a(34);
m'anx xVl Ti" let (the Messiah) come, and let
me not see him San 98b(8); b. fol. asyndetically
by another vb.: xVlinrf? H'VSX X111W XI1X a cat
came (and) ate the rooster Ber 60b(57); XJ1X
n'3"ll he went (and) seized it Sab 148a(4); XriX
n"D3 Xp3X dust (from it) came (and) covered him
Yom 87a(44); lend? !Tr?"W WX they came (and)
asked PN Ber 45b(47); Er 40a(18); '311 WX
mail the robbers came (and) stole it BQ 93a(44);
■pita Vipwn WW Xs? 'Xax why do you not come
(and) take your food? San 108b(48); xnyw "\rd?
'■? pyxw WW xV she will not come (and) trouble
me later on Yev 117b(6); 'in XJl come (and) see
Ber 30b(10) [4- V'Tn pe., mng. 5b]; yaw Xfl come
(and) hear Yev 80a(21) [4- Vyatf pe., mng. 6.b.l];
lH'Vy '33ya Xna '13 lriX the local (merchants)
came (and) prevented them (from selling) BB
22a(12); c. w. ref. to texts: Xnx 'XB*? xnp for what
purpose did the biblical verse come? Pes
96b(33); Suk 28b(19); BM 30a(44); Hul 27a(21);
XriXT XIH '3n"7 xnp "Xn this verse came for this
purpose Zev 36a(12); XJ1X XXl'ina XlOri 31
ll'yiawxV did PN come to inform us about the
Mishna? RH 8a(42); '3m> flWXl xnWH now that
you have come to such a point Ber 15a(50)
[4- xnwn mng. II]; xnx nwyaV nsVn bxiaw
Jl'yiaWX1? PN('s statement) came to inform us of
the law in practice Sab 54a(48); Ket 71a(3); Qid
TIN 177 TIN
74a(28); AZ 29b(45); d. w. var. preps.: 1) "IH3:
4- "W3 mng. 3b; 2) ■"?: passim; 3) '31V: I '3lV
mng. 2b; 4) 'apV: I 'BpV usage a.2; 5) Vy: '3mx
H'Vy XpJlD'lS xnx in the meantime a messenger
came to him Git 56b(14); 6) '»p: 4- 'ap usage
I.b.2; e. w. xa"?ya from elsewhere: 4- KaVya usage
c; 2. to run or flow (of blood, etc.): TIXT xaiV
XTnia for blood which runs from a nostril Git
69a(16) [cf. Akk summa ina appisu damu illaku
if blood runs from his nose CAD D 77; v. Geller,
Vademecum 19]; ib. 26 [from the mouth]; 'B"l
n'Tna xai 'nxi n'333 'Ttt he places something
between his molars, and blood flows from his
gums/(Z28a(26)// Yom 84a(27; Ar [AC 3:136]);
rrra xai 'nxi xsin xnna mon (the term) h.
(designates) a wound of the body from which
blood flows Anan 15:3; ib. 1; AnanSch 27:8; 'HXT
XSS'X "in3 (the juice of the grapes) flows due to
the pressure (of the pile) Sab 144b(33); 3.
fol.another vb. to occur gradually: ion Xnxi "ion
xnxi it gradually diminished Nid 2b(13); ntn
'Xnxi nin 'Xnxi she gradually saw (it) /Z>.(14); 4.
w. "a to be a descendant of s.o.: Xp *pvi xyniB
Xl'nx I am a descendant of Joseph Sot 36b(18);
BB H8b(i); x"n "ii Vd'sx ]3 n'D£3wa 'nx mn "\
in 'nx xyaw p inira 'nx Ket 62b(29); Meg
16a(41); Qid 70b(19); BB 3b(42); 5. to
ultimately be: a. in phrase 'T1? 'UK xaV'T lest it
ultimately be [4- xaV'T mng. 2; 'T1? usage c]: X1?
'tV 'nx xaV'T xw«n xaisa xiiix wrx pnn'1?
nOTID a person should not plug a flock of wool
into the mouth of a bottle (on the Sabbath) lest
he ultimately squeeze it Sab 141a(38); b. in
phrase 'nx ... rDB the ultimate source is
[4- xni3]: K'nxp XIDW roa npin the ultimate
source of the presumed status (concerning the
field) is the writ San 23b(31); 6. to be deduced,
derived, based: a. general: 'n'n X'nx X1? XtriB
nx nwxn 'n'n 'n'n 'na 'mna xin (if) it cannot
be deduced from one case, let one be deduced
from two. What is (the case from which) it should
be deduced? (If) it were deduced from a brother's
wife ... Yev 54a(45; O2); Zev 50a(10); WlBn DX1
X'nx X2?X"na (the punishment of incest with) his
mother-in-law's mother is derived by biblical
interpretation San 76b(21); Zev 13b(22); xrf?'a
laim "?p3 X'nXT a matter which is derived a
fortiori Yom 43a(16); MQ 3b(4); XH 'n'n XD'na
on what is this based? [lit. from where will this
come?] BQ 73a(35) [4- XD'H mng. I.b.2]; b. ace.
to rule of nw HTTl: nn3 n'13 X'nx a 'covenant'
[v. n'")3 niX Gen 17:11] is derived from a
'covenant' [v. oViy n'la Ex 31:16] Sab 132a(20);
Hag llb(2); BQ 84a(35); Kar 5a(37); 7. w. fol.
inf. to be apt, likely: "ln'xV 'nx X1? nVsi 'XT pX
"ln'xV max 'nx V'si 'x iximi in if a stone falls
(from the child's hand, the father) is not apt to
fetch (it). If a denar falls, the father is apt to fetch
(it) Sab 142a(3); ib. 57a(16); 'JIN mV mo xV 'XI
"las'? if you do not permit him, he is apt to
extinguish (it) Yom 85a(26); Bes 7b(44); X'nx
"niX1? she is likely to make a legal decision (for
herself) Yev 66a(40); "lSl'xV WX XV they are not
likely to quarrel Ket 50a(54); XV xVnn'B xVl |T3
H'a xyB'BV 'nx since (its sanctity) is not
degraded he is not likely to err regarding it Bek
27a(7); 8. w. Vy to attack [v. Af, mng. 5; JPA
■b 'nx DJPA 80; cf. Ma "V xnx MD 42]: 'nXT V3
H'1? XlV'Bp xmnnaa 'xVy I would kill anyone
who attacks me during a break-in San 72b(2); '3
13'Vy WX when they attacked you ib. 108b(49);
109a(49); 'W'3 'Win 'Vy WX evil sorcerers
attacked me Bo 125:5; ib. 78:16; 9. w. 'b to
befall [in oath formula; JPA "Vy Tl" DJPA 80,
mng. 2; v. Lieb, Greek 9252]: a. as a curse: 'n'n
"laiX '"l3yT 'V may it befall me since I have
transgressed what you (have instructed) Bes
36b(12); Sab 135a(27); AZ 29a(46); b. as a
blessing: '11 'TI3 XmsniW 'T3y x"?T 'V 'n'n may
it befall me since I have never made a partnership
with a pagan Meg 28a(45); 'VDp xVl 'V 'n'n
'Viya nXTPl'1? may it befall me since I have never
killed a Jew MQ 26a(26; L); HTin'tiW xVt 'V TITl
p31B X311S1? may it befall me since I have never
excommunicated a s.m. MQ 17a(48); Sab
118b(50); Bek 30a(33); Ara 16a(14); 10. in
phrase "V ]XnX refers to [lit. we have come to]:
mm naiV ]Xnx XSIO the latter clause refers to
(the study of) the words of the Torah Sab
lla(38); BQ 89b(24); BB 4b(19); plV ]XnX
Vx'VBl p pyaw this refers to PN('s view) Er
16b(l); Hag 19b(7); Ket 75b(10); pan1? ]Xnx

xbsm
t t : •
178
NnunariN
'1BX1 this refers to (the view of) the Rabbis who
say ... BQ 14a(37); AZ 74b(33); 11. w. »T^ to
come to s.o.'s attention: 4- 'T^ usage d; 12. w.
var. nouns.: a. w. NIB'S to rain: 4- XIB'B usage
b; b. w. ttl,ii to engage in a lawsuit: 4- XJH
mng. 2.b.l; c. w. XflJ'tP to fall asleep: 4- xnrtf
Af., #1: pf. lsg. 'xn'X Tan 22a(18); "n'X Pes
88b(48); 'ffffS Bo 10:7; 2m. fflfl! Mei
21b(ll); inari'ITK San 95b(55); 3m. OT Aef
61b(ll); W San 19b(24); TOWX G;? 68a(31);
f. 'Xn'X Mz/fc 5b(7); 'XH-X //P 151:5(HPP
236:19); X'Tl'X TGHark 39:1; nX'n'X iff 114:17;
lpl. p'n'X Pe« 107a(15); 3m. WX Pej 88a(2);
WX &A 50b(20); WX AZ 31b(20); ?1WX Gtf
14b(7); imp. lsg. XWX [= X3X 'n"X] Ket
105b(39); 3m. Tl"1? Sab 110b(38); Vl'XJ 5M
84a(19; MGG 827:6); w:^Z28a(39); lpl. 'n"1?
Git 67b(31); 3m. W"1? //or 8a(49); f. ]«n'J fan
25a(20); imper. 2sg.m. 'H"X £V 15a(40); inWX
3W 41b(38); inf. "WX1? //ag 7a(16); "W'X Pes
70a(l); Anan 8:6; part, lsg.m. xm"B Bes
lla(31); xm'B Mf 79a(48); 2m. JOT'O 0;'rf
4b(34); Jwm Pes 18a(41); 3m. 'ff'D 7ev 74b(5);
'n'XB ATef 100b(38); 'TO AZ 10b(13); lpl. P'n"B
A/e« 42b(32); 3m. 1TT"f3 7ev 9a(41); f. ]X"n'»
&6 148b(8); #2 [cf. Nold, MG 243; Kutscher,
Studies 5721; S. Morag, Ben Hayyim Vol 353]:
pf. 3sg.m. H"nx Bek 36b(24) [cf. Pal 'nx PAT
278:4, Ma 1XV1X MG 286:18]; f. 'XJ1X HP
151:24(HPP 237:20); X"nX Git 64b(35); 3pl.m.
1'nx Ber 31b(42); ,11'nx BM 85b(46) [cf. Ma
Jl'nx MG 286:5]; f. l"nx i& 106a(52); imp.
3sg.m. nnTQ Hag 25a(5); 3pl.m. nrna Mf
84a(48); inf. "WX /Vaz 12b(31); "in*?? HP
26:10(HPP 32:18); WWX1? Sab 61b(27); part.
3sg.m. 'nap [= »na xp] Svu 37a(3); f. X'na #«r
10b(28) [cf. Ma X'nXB MG 262:18]; Anan 61:22;
lpl. p"na HP 200:10; 3m. "TO Pes 50a(23); f.
f'na Svu 14b(27) [cf. Ma J'nxa MG 243:26];- 1.
to bring: ,1'lV'y xmsnDl XJXB W"X bring a vessel
and place it upside-down on top of it [i.e. the
spittle] Sab 121b(39); Sot 13a(25); Hul
104b(35); TO'JB'JI "ISO WJ1 let us bring a Torah
scroll and count them [i.e. the letters] Qid
30a(45); xn'Byn xny'3 'n"1? let him bring an
ostrich egg Sab 110b(19); Git 69b(5); AZ
28b(25); n'T3 xn'iTO 'n'Xl xnx he came and
brought a Tannaitic tradition with him ib.
50a(37); nx XJV1X1 .T'XI 'n"X bring proof that
you are our brother Yev 37b(35); BQ 36a(17); BB
24b(31); '0VlB \>m nvnD ni'nx they brought him
(and) struck him with sixty fire-strikes BM
85b(46); 2. to make s.o. come: mm '3'E?n
inrrfjDpi mib vunvrxi siyai the important
people of east and west whose sons you made
come (to fight) and caused their death San
95b (55); 3. to carry: max y31X "W'X1? 'nxi
D'3in TWO he is apt to carry (it) four cubits in
a public domain Sab 52a(8); ib. 57a(16);
141a(22); 4. to deduce: 7\b n'n"a X3'na from
where do you deduce it? BQ 18b(14); BM
35a(4); BB 109a(15); San 34a(45); Zev 62b(18);
laim bp2 nV 'n'a he deduces it by means of an
a fortiori argument Pes 23b(16); 5. w. by to
inflict upon s.o.: b'bpi XS^B in"1?? XJ'n"B
X'3t53 I shall inflict upon them a king who is
swift like a deer Ket llla(38); n'y3 ]'11D" '31
"py "in'xV do you want to inflict suffering upon
yourself? Ber 60a(39); X1H "p3 XCHlp 'n'Xl
XJ'Jn .1'ty m1?'^ the Holy One, Blessed be He,
inflicted a serpent upon him at night iSGF 95:2;
6. to include [caique < MH X'3H Bacher 1:8]:
13 rxm my vsnv 'a "wx1? 'xa "wx1? bin
pin (the word) Van (in MHag 1:1 comes) to
include what? To include one who is partially a
slave and partially a freeman Hag 2a(14); Sab
27a(24); Meg 22b(7); Ket 110b(29); Git 78a(25);
Hul 54a(26); Nid 51b(54); 7. w. H'V to make s.o.
liable [caique < MH 'I'V X'3n J 144]: i '1'V
mng. 2
Lit: Bacher 18.
n.m. bunch of grapes (dial.;
TA X^DHX TO Num 13:24) pi. X,!?3nx 'am 11'y3'
x'"?3nx ]'a"pna x1? x'"?y 'Va^'xi x'"?y "?y let the
bunches of grapes pray for the leaves. For were it
not for the leaves the bunches of grapes could not
exist Hul 92a(44) [Var: X'"?3n'X HP 33:20;
quoted in a prov. from Eretz Israel]
Y: X??3m Hul ib.(BAYTN 229).
KriWnariN n.f. astonishment (4- Vl#HBn; cf. Sy
K^oJcn-^Jw BBah 2071:15) sg.
xn(i:)(ainanx TGHark 215:6 [expl. 4- X"1? 'SV3]
snnans
t : t :
179
KannK
t : ~
srinanK n.f. query (4- Vi#nan; jpa xnanx
DJPa' 81) sg. «i(')Bn x'an xm pax x'wipn "?3X
xnnanX3 but in an interrogative statement, (we)
say X'3n xm ['is it not learned?'] quickly as a
query OHT Yom 10:7; pi. pnxnanx their queries
ISGF 58:4
mm I x:kx n.
NnBj7nN n.f. objection (< 4- V*lpn af, v.n.) sg.
'TX 311 n'13 XWV 3TJ XnSpnX objection of PN
Hag 9b(12); BB 129a(4); TGHark 105:30; ib.
123:11
Y: Kn0i?ns Hag ib.
NiriN, N*in, abs./cs. "U1K, pi. NniinriK n.m.
place (1 xinx 13, nn^xcV), inbx'a; TA xnni< to
Gen 22:3, Sy K'-iW, pi. k'^o^k' LS 55, Ma
XnnX, pi. XnX1X"WX MD 44) I. n.m. place: a. w.
ref. to a site or position: sg.cs. ]1!T33B?'a n'3 "inX
the place of their sleeping area Bo 10:8; b. w. ref.
to part of the body: H'nna inX "?y X»'X recite
over the place of his wound HM 38:14; det. "]'*>nx
T3 1'^nx "1'3 your place is in you [i.e. do not
spread] Sab 67a(27); c. w. ref. to a city, locality:
sg. Xinx Xinn 'V 'tn 'Tl1? I, myself, saw that
place Git 57a(29); Er 55b(34); Pes 93b(31); 31T
X"inX Xinn1? y"?p'X PN chanced to come to a
certain place Sab 146b(42); RH 21a(8); Ket
H2a(4); AZ 39a(3i); "?xiat;T "inx xynnna xm
mn GN was, in fact, PN's place Sab 116b(19);
Hul 53b(ll); Pes 30a(19); Hul 110a(26); y"?p'X
pnx"? TO'KIX PN chanced to come to our place
Pes 107a(ll); Nid 36a(32); '3 iai nnnx '3 10
mnx each one (ruled) according to his locality
Yom 55a(41); Ned 49a(14); BM 40a(50); Hul
66a(26); *]btm Kb X"inX3 Xinx one place (name)
is not interchanged with another (in a writ) Git
Ua(23); '"?S xnnx such-and-such a place SSHai
14b (16); ]imnXT '3H their local judges Anan
16:5; XinXT Xinaa the local custom TGHark
100:11; pi. inn xnmnx they are (the customs of
various) places Git 89a(46); Xnxnnx TGHark
206:13; d. w. ref. to a country: sg.cs. X3iya inx
the Maghrib TGHark 167:19; ib. 32:8; det. Xinx
X31tt?m a place of darkness [i.e. Babylonia] Pes
34b(14) [+ //'s; 4- XSltfn mng. 1]; e. in a fig.
sense: mnX3 'piXI nra in deduce (to our
unelucidated case by nitt? ni'Tl) from it [i.e. from
the other elucidated case] and place (it) on its
own basis [lit. in its place] BQ 25b(41); San
75b(20); Nid 43b(47); nnnX3 ?TO30»3 'X if (he
is proficient) in his tractate [i.e. the one which he
is studying] - (he may be appointed) in his town
Sab 114a(39)
Y: XTTiK Yom 86b(32; BAYTN 77).
- "I (K)iriN conj. place where (cf. BA "I nnx
HALOT 1829, Sy -* &#/-* rf&rk' PSm 425,
Ma -1 Xinx MD 44; v. Nold, MG 451') abs.
(archaic): n'J'T rvb xbn Xi'T '1XBT nnX3 in the
place where the armed person hung up his
weapon San 103a(39) // BM 84b(34); "inX1?
,Tn' l"?31B ]1ST\b 'ysnBT (his feet) bring him there
to the place where he is requested Suk 53a(18);
X'DID TIT X1?! -inX3 -|13pi bury (the sherd) in a
place where a horse does not tread HM 42:10;
det. "?rai xpsax xn^'Bi xnsn msa1? »rnai xinx
X131^> a place where they customarily eat a meal,
drink unmixed wine, and go to the field BM
86a(47); pao i'y3na ian ian rr'n xinxs in a
place where there is no wine, there medicines are
needed BB 58b(14; F2); Ket 99b(2); £M67a(29);
BB 89b(33); Bo 76:7
KarinK, KaMiriN, HirVSH n.m./f. etrog, citron
(< Mir *atrung [cf. MP wadrang (w'tlng) citron
CPD 86, NP turunj orange PED 297, utrujj
(< Ar) ib. 12]; TA 1'ilinx pi. TO Lev 23:40, MH
I'limS Yeivin, BV 990, Sy kL^o-vA,,
k!>(o-v\k' m./f. LS 287, Ma XUim MD 490,
ModSy ijjcoio^ orange Maclean 318) sg. mnx
'B/rx naxi3 xmnx ix pan mnpi3 etrog [i.e. in
Hebrew] as the scholars called it or etruga [i.e.
in Aramaic] as people say Qid 70a(40) [but
XllltJX ib.(MGD 24:17)]; ib. 39; IB VlS'1?
xnn niais xn"?n xwnnx 'xi ixa... V'x xwnn'x
eat an etrungal He said to him: "One who says
etrunga (has) a third-part of haughtiness" ib.
38(02); xmnx miBT ]Xa 'Xn one who smells an
etrog Ber 43b(9); Sab 109b(31); 5«A:35b(45); AZ
59b(3); ib. 76b(14); XJIinX 'piDS to cut an etrog
Anan 72:1; XJ11DX1 ~\Vl the g.-portion of the
etrog HG1 101:42; XJIinxi im HP 190:1;
Xn'Vn X111DX a sweet etrog Sab 109b(31; M); pi.

*????* is© iw-vik
■ — — __ t ; t : -
ln'inB'Xa 'aVy '"?13 man all of them stoned him
with their citrons Qid 73a(18)
Lit: Low, Flora 3:279+. The pronunciation with n is stated to
be an affected pronunciation. Lit: I. Ben-David, Lesonenu
46(1982) 76+; Voc: XJY»"riX HGP 56b: 18; (UT1BX VTM 45;
Y: XJJVW* BAYTN 304.
Nfl'H^ nf- warning (caique < MH2 room J
371; 4- Vl#nil) sg. 'n""WX X*?3 Xb p'OJjTT we
punish them without warning Hul 132b(32)
Y: Nlvnnx Hul ib.
-3 181
2
"3 prep, in, during, by means of, with regard
to (I si, x'ira, "i inn, xatfa in etc., Vnru, -d;
Sy -:= LS 56, Ma "3 MD 44) w. suff.: lsg. '3
Ket 67b(37); 2m. T3 Nid 36b(46); f. "p Qid
12b(3); 3m. rT3 Sab 62b(18); Anan 47:17; f. m
Meg 23a(20); lpl. p Git 56b(7); 2m. 133 San
70b(33); p3 Bo 7:10; 3m. 1H3 Sab 119a(22);
pru Anan 5:19; f. 'H3 Ber 51a(42); pn3 Bo 6:7;-
I. w. fol. n. 1. in, on, at [spatial]: rl'V IPX lim XTH
m313 'V'S he saw that he had cracks in (the skin
of) his back Sab 33b(45); ITT3 xnam XD3 wpi
he is holding a cup of wine in his hand Ber
12a(24); mtlXS ITU a young goat (may be
maimed) in its ears Bek 35a(34); XsVai XDSD3 in
the king's archive [lit. chest] BM 73b(27); mn
XJTTVm X131J7 there was a case in GN Ket
50b(22); xswai xsVu btk pswaV xjnxi xnmx
XPSW1X3 a person customarily leaves an (empty)
jug and a hide at an inn Yom 12a(25); mn 3TT
nxisa Xinn3 aw PN was sitting in a certain alley
Er I5a(39); in1? 'inoa x1? xiVsi xnax3 n3A nn
two men cannot walk past each other in (the
space of) 1 1/2 cubits Men 98b(5; V10); Xp mn
X"ma3 XiV'TX I was traveling in the desert BB
73b(33); 2. in, during [temporal]: Httm mti?
XpTS3 the next day he expounded it in a public
lecture AZ 28a(22); n,!? 1110 n^aTS xVj?n bow
down to a fox in its time [i.e. when it is
successful] Meg 16b(24); xmnnB3 'xVy TIXT V3
n'V XJ^'Dp I would kill anyone who attacks me
during a break-in San 72b(2); STlia TOP 31
XD'n xino3 xwaw x'oai X3'n xD"p3 psnV
x"?1D (Xl'OaT PN used to place the students in the
summer where the sun reached, (and) in the
winter where the shade reached Sab 119a(47;
M); 'aa'SI XriXlV'Vs lioa n,TI they used to travel
during the nighttimes and the daytimes BM
28a(38); W X1D5?3 milO1? 'yxai XITIIX he would
ordinarily travel it in ten days San 95a(l 1); TC1T\
W nn"?n3 TI301 W nnbna he learnt it [i.e.
Torat Kohanim] in three days and derived it
logically in three days Yev 72b(19; I§GF 42:6);
2. by means of, with [instrumental]: "pWS3 ''pi
XT15;13©3 clear yourself with an oath Ket 87a(29);
Xp"V3 n"? W331 he preserves its freshness [i.e. of
the D'J'SIJI Lev 6:14] by means of vegetables
Men 50b(47); X135?a3 <n)(X)'ira 135? Up he was
crossing (the river) with him by means of the
ferry Ber 56a(49); nXlV'03 x"?1 nrrnra by means
of another and not by means of a piece of wood
Yev 63b(16); ,T31 X7U3 X^p'aV XJlVm it is a
mighty deed to burn his master's grave) with fire
Hag 15b(17); 'ja'03 maJX he taught it [i.e. the
Torah] by means of mnemonic notes Er 21b(48);
XaT yaa Xbl XlV'CD 13V xma I shall strike you
with a thorn which does not cause blood to flow
forth [i.e. I shall excommunicate you] Ket
91a(40); XDU3 nX&Tj? X13J ]a Xps:i she is
divorced from her first husband by means of a get
HP 128:21; 13ina X'BST DIM because (seeds)
grow by means of water Anan 5:18; 3. in, with,
with regard to, concerning: ^'p'Oy 'Xas X3n
what are we dealing with in this case? Ber
20b(37); >xa3 X13J Xinm H'n in what (manner)
is your punishment (after death)? Git 56b(49);
naxpi 'X»3 mV Xm he is satisfied with what
they say BQ 73b(32); x"?133 "I3J he excels with
regard to everything Hul 54a(19); JTpS xVl UWa
'aiaS because he is not an expert in bodily
defects San 5b(4); WITD n,!? n3D Kin "XH
X1H3 mVy rVsi [Xim =] X1H3 this Tanna agrees
with him in one case and differs with him in
another Suk 33b(33); X13D3 DJim 'I'Vs 'Xnp3 nan
TVs in this case they differ concerning (the

KJN3
182
"U0TX3
interpretation of) biblical verses. In that case
they differ concerning a logical deduction Ber
49b(33); 4. to form adverbs [s.v. n.]: 4- xmiX3,
-inx "?D3, xpnm, xmm, xnaii "?33, mn 'ins,
nan, 'an ixV3, 'xn3, nnba, 'yx'»3, xnyx'»3,
xnin'M, iiD3, ^loaV, xarm, x"7iy3, xatys,
tfiTsn, x'omss, xyrxs, xtf'-n, ms 'nt£?3, 'urn,
xpitta, mbtii, xbsvz, natf Vaa s.v. xnti, x-viro;
5. in compound preps.: 4- yx»X3, 'SX3, 'BX x"?3
s.v. i#xbx, U3, -13, -nans, ts, x^s, -nrto,
era xjdidm, -ry3, -sp'ys, ixixs, xtstfips,
xy'Dps, 'Xp3, ti'13; II. as a verbal complement:
a. 4- Vl#"?TK pe., mng. I.l.b.2: to walk on; b.
4- V71X pe. to laugh at s.o.; c. 4- Vl#'1X af. to
stipulate; d. 4- Vtt?B3 pe. to kick s.o.; e. 4- V^ll pe.
to denigrate; f. 4- V"1U pe., mng. 4: to decree; g.
4- -\/l# '11 itpa. to fight, incite; h. 4- Vpll pe. mng.
1: to examine: i. 4- V'BI itpa., mng. 3: to appear
in the guise of s.o.; j. 4- Vehl pe., mng. 1: to
interpret Scripture on s.t.; k. 4- Vl# KWI pe.: to be
unmindful of s.t.; 1. 4- V2#'J1 af, mng. 2: to
affect s.o.; m. 4- V"|Sn pa., mng. 4: to curl (of
hair); n. 4- VlIT itpe., mng. 2: to take care of s.t.;
o. 4- VVVt pal., mng. 1: to treat s.o. w. disrespect;
p. 4- V3in itpa., mng. lc: to be obligated for s.t.;
q. 4- V'W pe., mng. 1: to raise a point concerning
s.t.; r. 4- VpTn af, mng. 3: to take possession of
s.t.; s. 4- Vl#'Bn pe., mng. 2: to harm s.o.; t.
4- V«]Sn pe., mng. 2: to rub against s.t.; u. 4- VV?t5
itpa.: to play w. s.t.; v. 4- V2#^DB itpe., mng. 1: to
take care of s.o.; w. 4- Vyi' pe., mng. 3: to be
aware of s.t.; x. 4- VtttfQ itpa., mng. 1: to urge; y.
4- Vjm pe., mng. 1: to touch s.t.; z. 4- VniJ af,
mng. 1: to place upon; aa. 4- V]"y pa., mng. 1: to
look at; bb. 4- V]"y pa., mng. 2: to investigate; cc.
4- VVVy pe., mng. l.b.l: to enter into s.t.; dd.
4- Vpoy pe., mng. 2, itpe., mng. 2: to deal w. s.t.;
ee. 4- VyiS pe., mng. 1: to meet s.o.; ff. i VlVs
pe., mng. 2: to have a share of s.t.; gg. 4- VaVd
pe., mng. 6: to differ about s.t.; hh. 4- VyiffS pe.,
mng. 1: to be negligent w. s.t.; ii. 4- VyKJB pe.,
mng. 3: to harm s.o.; jj. 4- VpriB pe., mng. 1: to
hurl at s.o.; kk. 4- Vmp pa., mng. 1: to fulfill in
s.o.; 11. 4- Vl#n3E? itpa., mng. 2: to praise s.o.;
mm. 4- Vmtf to take notice of s.o.; nn. 4- VtfBtf
itpa.: to make use of s.t.; 00. 4- Visytt; quadref,
mng. 1: to enslave s.o.; pp. 4- Vlptf pa., mng. 2:
to deceive s.o.; qq. 4- Vl#Tin pe.: to be
astonished at s.t.; rr. 4- V,I7n pe., mng. 7: to make
dependent on s.o.; ss. 4- Vl#'1Jl af: to warn s.o.;
III. in idiomatic expressions: a. 4- Vl#^TX mng.
II.3: to be of value; b. 4- Vl#1in pe., mng. 8b: to
retract; c. 4- Vl#'"in pe., mng. II.6: to be innocent;
d. 4- V"]Sn pa., mng. 5: to deal w. s.t.; e. 4- V"|Sn
pa., mng. 6: to argue in s.o.'s favor; f. 4- VlZ?2?n
pe., mng. 3: to be ill with s.t.; g. 4- VniB pe., mng.
4: to prepare s.t.; h. 4- Van' pe., mng. 6: to
penetrate into; i. 4- V'BD pe., mng. 8: to cause to
reach; j. 4- Vl#nru pe., mng. 8: to penetrate; k.
4- V?S3 pe., mng. 5: to fall upon, attack; 1. 4- V"?S3
pe., mng. 6: to be placed upon s.o.; m. 4- VpBl
pe., mng. 1.11: to fulfill one's obligation; n.
4- V2#'J0 pa., mng. 3: to engage in s.t.; o.
4- VlSpVo pe., mng. 9: to happen, occur; p.
4- VVVy pe., mng. 6: to deal w. s.t.; q. 4- VyjB pe.,
mng. 2: to get to, reach; r. 4- VyJS pe., mng. 3: to
attack s.o.; s. 4- Voip pe., mng. 1.6: to deal w. s.t.;
t. 4- Vmp pe., mng. II. 1: to be located; u. 4- Vmp
pe., mng. II.2: to maintain; v. 4- Vmp pe., mng.
II.4: to ascertain; w. 4- Vmp pe., mng. II.5: to be
in possession of s.t.; x. 4- Vmp pe., mng. II.7: to
have a value; y. Van' pe./af. + "3+ XJl'jyfl mng.
lb: to fast; IV. in var. phrases: a. '3 n'X to
contain, have: 4- ITX usage c.l; b. XTl^'la -3 X1?'?
it is debasing for ...: 4- V^Vr pe., mng. lb; c. JV1?
■3 to not contain: 4- XT'1? usage a.3.a; d. X'lD ...'3
enough, sufficient: 4- Vl#'JD pe., mng. 2; e. V'JI
■3 usual, frequent: 4- V?n pe., usage a
N1N3 4- X33 n.
[NJ1K3 4- XJIS n.]
11N3* n.m. wine (< MP badag wine, must CPD
16) 4- nx3"tt
Lit: Geig, WZKM 44(1937] 55+; id., AAC 72; Shaked, Food
[forthcoming]. The phrase J(t>niM nan [so Ar (AC 2:3, s.v.
11X3)] is a quasi-A translation of the original MP I IIIC'U.
"WHSa, pi. 1*^1X3 n.m. falconer (< Mir
*bazyar [< MP baz falcon CPD 18 + -yar
(< -dar) + Mir pi. -an; cf. NP bazyar PED 146];
1 XT3, PIXT3; cf. Sy K'-ti-.vi LS 65) pi. X(')010
]X1X'TX31 the falconers' horse Sab 94a(23; Ar
[AC 3:2853])
'K3
183
X33
T T
Geon. expl.: pip mBiy pa pi mtem 13 XSV31 fM "9 -pi
pp ptai T'txa 'tns 'ta mix py pa poiyn tnxm txa mix
fixw1? pinra d'ous urb wi [xnxnxa mix pip irixa nnv
ixa pnpm rcntm msiyn ac ib.; Lit: Fi, tmw 1:284.
'«3 4- V'y3 vb.
Ktf'N3 n.m. sick person (4- VtfX3 pe., part, det.;
JPaV'3, K?'X3 DJPA 96) sg.m. WX13 "laD1? in!3
HT\2V2 X^'XS Dip p XTin is it permitted to
extinguish a burning lamp in the presence of a
sick person on the Sabbath? Sab 30a(10); Xff'X3
X'ytfin 'Tl xyV'pa mn there was a sick person in
PN's chamber Ber 22a(59; Ar [AC 2:4]); pl.m.
'ff'X3 Geon 119:24 [* 'Xn3 ib. 25]
S^N3 4-2#XI73n.
ysaN3 prep. 4- xysax n.
0'0N3 n.m. (uncertain) sg. HG1 138:38
(')'BK3 4- 1# XSX n.
NpN3 4- 2# Xpl3 n.
1# J"1N3, nn3 n.m. horse (< MP barag mount,
horse CPD 17; JPA 2#pn3 DJPA 115) sg. TWJ
'T1 wa X'OIO XiX n,!? let me send him my horse
San 98a(45; He.MGG 687:16,Ar [AC 2:200, s.v.
,Xpi3, X"D]) [Rashi: J1X3 X'010 AZ 30a, s.v. 'B
nxs]
The word X'010 is an A gloss in the text for the original P word;
Lit: Geig, AAC 73.
[2# 11N3 4- nX3 n., -Q n.]
B^N3, t^'3 vb. to be sick, displeased (1 Xti'X3,
tf'3; JPA 1£?X3 itpe. to be sick DJPA 83) Pe. 1. to
be sick: BT»K3 13"?n 31 PN is sick Ned 40a(l) [but
^n ib. 39b(44)]; 2. w. mX7 impersonal to be
displeased: X71» XH3 Vth B'3T he is displeased in
this town BM 75b(46)
Itpe. to be sick: pass.part. T©X3D1 pjmB unwell
and sick Bo 71:7
Lit: D. Bronznick, Lesonenu 41 (1977) 17163.
N33, K3K3, cs. 33 n.m./f. door, gate, court,
section (< Akk babu gate, door, item CAD B 14,
AIOA 40; LMA si-ip-pa-a di a-ba-ba-a'
doorpost Urukinc 2, Ma 1#X3X3 gate, section
MD 45, > Arab ^U Fr, AF 14; 4- xyiTl) 1. door:
a. alone: pi. mpSXl '3X3 0113 they hacked down
the doors and removed it [i.e. the bed] MQ
25a(32); '33 y31X PP1? mn XJTTUX 'XH an inner
room which has four doors Men 34a(7; M); b. w.
var. qualifiers: sg. HTl'Vyi X3X3 the door of its
upper room Tan 24a(30); ''7TO X33 the door of
his house Ned 31b(13); AZ 10b(14); man '31 X33
the door of his father-in-law's house Yev 52a(24);
xn '31 X33 the courtroom door BQ 113a(3);
X3XB1X1 X3X3 the door of a bloodletter/artisan
San 29a(29); c. w. var. vbs.: 1) VinK pe. to shut,
close: mro X331? n'inx he shut the door behind
him ib. 26a(57); AZ 47a(6); TGHark 272:27; 2)
V«11D pe. to knock: X3X3X XS1K mn she was
knocking on the door Tan 25a(3); Er 104a(32);
MQ 28a(49); 3) Vsri' pe. to sit [w. "?y, "X at, by]:
X33X 'X"I33 3'm he sat outside by the door Ned
91b(13); Yom 84b(34); San 109b(55); Hul
99b(22); ib. 95b(13); Bo 125:1; 4) Vmj? pe. to
stand [w. "X at, by]: X33X 'Xp X3'D a sectarian is
standing [i.e. waiting] at the door Hul 87a(24);
Er llb(25); BM 84b(24); BB 58a(7); Men
53a(29); 5) ^"\p pe. to cry out, call [w. 'X at; cf.
Akk baba sasii CAD S/2 156]: sg. tt'J'X 'ixp '3
X33X when someone cries out at the door (to be
admitted) Sab 140b(30); Hag 5a(l); Ket
103a(47); Ned 50a(10); Qid 31b(4); BQ 33a(16);
pi. '33X 'IXpl "7'TK Xp mn he used to go around
and cry out at the doors BM 84a(51); 2.
doorway: sg.cs. XJVUn 33 the doorway of a tavern
Sab 32a(10; MGG 438:17) det. XTVUm X33 AZ
31b(17)]; X3X33 H'TIB p'Sl Xp mn X1? the bed
could not get through the doorway MQ 25a(28);
3. gate: a. alone: sg. mpSXl X3X3 PI'1? inriD open
the (city) gate for him and let him go out Git
56a(52; MGD 627:16); Ket 62a(37); nriSB3 XltflJ
X33X (if) on opening there is rain on the gate [i.e.
if it rains in the morning] Ber 59a(37; F) // Tan
6b (26; L); b. parts thereof: sg. X331 '1310 Xy3©
seven bolts of a gate Sab 67a(5); X331 '©'1 the
top of the gate Ned 66b(37); X331 H'D'D doorpost
of the gate Git 68b(52); c. w. var. qualifiers:
sg.cs. XIDfl 33 the gate of the sheepfold Sab
32a(9; MGG 438:16); det. xnS3 '31 X33 the gate
of the smithy Git 56b(41); xnitOT X33 the gate of
the walled city Tarn 32b(4); d. w. GN: X33
X'pDiapi BB 58b(14); "?ixe; '33 the gates of
Sheol Bo 143:7; e. esp. as a place of judgment:

NViaXT N33
T -; - T T
184
.1*633
T T ; T
Xl'T p'Vl X33X YWb let him sit at the gate and
judge the case BB 58a(35); 4. sluice gate: sg.
X3X3 in riDS he opened one sluice gate MQ
10b (24); pi. '3X3 nn ib. 23; 5. court,
courtroom: sg. XmVl tm X33V wmpai
'J"l 'IVDtn you are closer to the court of the
exilarch where judges are ubiquitous BB 65a(21);
Dec 7:3; ib. 2:4; X33i Xl'H judge of the court
iSGF 98:4; ib. 112:11; X33 'TBO the court scribes
Dec 2:1; 6. f. section of a literary work [cf. Akk
babu item CAD B 26, mng. 6, MP dar door,
chapter CPD 24]: a. general: sg. X33 "in Yev
3a(9); XS'DT X33 ... Ktrn X33 first/last section
(of the Mishna) Sab 3a(l); Yev 18b(30); ib.
19b(10); AZ 68b(9); TGAs42 67:18; pi. Win
Ti"Bp '3X3 the two first sections (of the Mishna)
Ned 31a(10); Nid 45b(19); '3X3 T\Tbt\ 'in these
three sections ^Z 68b(8); &rf> 36b(14); Bes
26b(8); }fev 9b(8); b. esp. in Geon. lit. a ten
chapter section of the Tractate Neziqin or Kelim:
sg. X»p X33 GC 69:8; i& 133:6; XVH XBIT "?IUn
rp'IM XBp X33 g^ 18:7 [i.e. BQ, ch. 10]; X3X3
XJVyx'a the middle section GC 20:3 [i.e. chaps.
11 -20 of Mishna Kelim}; X3X33 GC 118:10 [w.
ref. to BB, ch. 4]; '»rm X3X3 a section of a
supplication prayer TGHark 189:21; pi. '3X3
iym the 'sections' of Neziqin iSGF 33:1; '»X13
'3X33 as we say in the (tractate of the) 'sections'
GC 186b:2 [w. ref. to BM 84a(44)]; 7. m./f. set
(ofshofar blasts): sg. X3X3 in /tf/"33b(21); X33
xn'n^n X3X3 ... 'xi'in X33 ... xivaip first,
second, third set HP 19:21; pi. '3X3 in'jIO all the
sets RH 33b(20); HP 19:29
Cf. also: X33 'Vx33 Aferf91b(13; Ar [AC 2:4, s.v. 33]), expl. ib.:
lywn JIB'3; on the confusion of this word w. the PN X33, v. D.
Sperling, JAOS 115(1995) 205+. Lit: Geig, AAC 73; Voc:
xM HGP 29a:24; Y: X33 BAYTN 4.
- NV13N1 N33 n.m. city gate (< Akk bab
abullim CAD A/1 84 [OAkk, Nuzi]; 4- l#xVl3X)
sg. BB 58a(35)
Lit: Sok, KS 51 [1976] 467.
- NTVj7N"T N33 n.m. keyhole (4- xvbpx) sg.
Men 57a(20; P2V10Ar [AC 7:98, s.v. T>p])
- NnwVa-T/N^aT KM n.m. royal court (cf.
BA X^B JHJI Da 2:49) sg. XD^Bi X33 fler
58a(44; SM 32:28); XjTDVbi X3X3 OZ/So/ 271:1
Lit: H. Wehr, Islam 39 [1964] 247+.
- NrO'Jia"! N33 n.m. Geonic court (lit. gate of
the academy; 4 X33 mng. 5, 1# XrOTIB, XH '3;
GeonH n3'tf'n 1JW BY 7363, Ar nvttthx 3X3
Mann, TaS2 67:9) sg. X3X31? XlBTp"? ipsi
"XH X1311 X31K1T XIH '31? XrO'IlBT (these
questions) have been brought out before us to the
Geonic court, to the court of our master and
teacher, PN TGHark 76:14; ib. 149:5; 156:23;
276:26; 277:9; TGAs27 23:12; TGAs28 3:10;
TGAs42 93b:3
Lit: A. Aptowitzer, JQR 4 [1913] 36.
— N"iri3 33 n.m.cs. opening of the canal (caique
< Akk bab nari CAD B 23, mng. 3; i l#X"ini;
cf. Sy rdJLiwa iv'inl^ *±-\b\ PSm 4506) sg.
Xini 331 XJ1MX 'Xn hash (of fish caught at) the
opening of the canal Suk 18a(40; E2) // AZ
39a(13)
Lit: Sperber, IrAn 8 [1968] 70+; Eshel, JSB 43.
riN^M, abs. 't633 adj., n. Babylonian (TA
'X'ttS TJ Jos 7:21,' Sy nLiA^J, PSm 444) I.
adj.: a. w. ref. to Jews: sg.abs.m. /1X 'X^33 you
are Babylonian Hul 50a(10); Sab 60b(51); det. '1
nx"733 ]T\: BB 73a(15); Ket 106a(25); pl.m. pan
'X^33 our Babylonian scholar-colleagues Git
78b(14); Pes 89b(50); Wed 49b(4); Zev 30b(19);
//«/ 45a(23); 'xVaa 'p'm "U'2? contrived
Babylonian solutions Tern 21a(3); f. XrP'Vaa 'WD
Babylonian bunches Sab 147a(32) [4- XK?'3]; Sab
81a(30) [1 XfllEhp]; b. w. ref. to a demon: sg.f.
xrm XJV'rSS1? I resemble the 'Babylonian' 5o
125:3; II. n.: a. w. ref. to Jews: pl.m. 'pOJ/ xVl
XnmX3 'XV33 and the Babylonians do not study
the Torah! Pes 88a(5) // Tan 9b(27); Sab
60b(51); 'X"?33T xns'tf i.-beverage of the
Babylonians ib. 110a(42); 145b(17); RH 21a(3);
San 96b (44); 'X"?33T XIlBn'l consolations of the
Babylonians BQ 38a(36); iSGF 97:8; 'jtf>33
'XlffSD stupid Babylonians Foot 57a(25) [+ //'s;
4 nXB/SB]; b. w. ref. to pagans: pl.m. 'XOns X^
xiyr xmna xij?t 'x^aa x"?i xiyT I know
neither Persians nor Babylonians. I know the
NJ3
T T
Tannaitic tradition Ber 46b(33); 'XB 'xV33T what
are (the holidays) of the Babylonians? AZ
llb(26)
Lit: I. Ben-David, Lesonenu 38 [1974] 153+ [Voc]; Muller-
Kessler-Kwasman 162 [mng. l.b]; Y: rwfaj BB 73a(15;
BAYTN 318).
N53, NJN3 n.m. rural area adjoining a city
(< MP bay garden, orchard CPD 16; OfA 13
domain, fief DNWSI 143, Sy tO^i garden LS
57, Ma X1X3 garden MD 46) sg. 'TTT 3T3 '13
X1X33 students of the be rav who live in a rural
district Pes 8b(14); Er 73a(38); X1X3 p'pmB Xs?
'BJTH X5?"IX3 we do not presume that the (entire)
rural district is a field of the orphans BM
22b(25); BB 29a(29); X1X3T nan most of the
rural area BM 105b(38); ib. 106a(14); X1X3
'DU'llVxT a rural area of violent people Qid
59a(18); X13 '13 residents of a rural district Git
58b(27); Bes 21a(38); TGAs28 37:9; pi. T>1
xi3 ins x"?x r?Bp xb in(i)'xi 'is inbiDB r^upi go
and cut down trees from all the rural areas. They
only cut down trees in one rural area BQ
113b(39; F1); BB 68a(31) [* 4- XiTllll]; ib. 34;
'1X3 '"TO1B inin those guardians of the rural areas
BM 73a(27); '1X3 'pOS parcels of land of the
rural areas BB 68b(15) [4- '"71'3]; nBDB '1X3
'concealed' rural districts [i.e. which avoided
paying taxes] ib. 54b(15; Es)
Geon. expl.: XJ3 VU'X XJ1S TIB the outskirts of the town are b.
TGHark 86:27 [expl. ,TTB TBB 3:5; i XTW]; 'JK3 'IBID
•Q.1 "731 O'jni D'noBO Eps, St2 327:24; Lit: Geig, AAC 72,
points out that the semantic range of the P word has been
enlarged in JBA and this is reflected also in Sy [cf. BBah
355:4]; Tel 28; Shaked, EIr 3; Y: 'JX3 BM 73a(27; BAYTN 4).
SaiJS n.m. a demon (< Ir *bagadana- temple,
> deity Shaked, Boyce Vol 514+; Sy rdsrU^a
SIB 1:10, Ma X1X1113X MD 3) sg.abs. ni'3 "73
Bo 116:7; pl.det. '1113T X3T xna the great lord
of the b.-demons ib. 21:6
Lit: C. Muller-Kessler, JAOS 116 [1996] 19316. This word is
also used as a GN [e.g. Bo 12:2; ib. 13:4; 20:4],
ilKJVm adj. of GN sg.m. nxmi3 pn an Ber
54b(52); Ket 7b(26); BB 142b(21) // Zev 92a(9)
Lit: AAC 74; Eshel, JSB 49.
1J3 I 11 prep.
[N'V'J3 i XnVll n.]
ms
1#H13 vb. to be weak, bruise, harm
(i Vl# IIS; Sy "Ui^a pe. to be weak LS 58, mng.
5) Pe. (a/ ): xVp n1? 1131 nV XU/pT X1H tt^p'B she
indeed grew old, and her voice became weak BB
167b(39)
Af. 1. to bruise: 113a fS8 X3'V 'XT if there is no
mat, (the rope fill in the bed) can bruise (her) Ket
65a(42; M); rb 113a 'TI13X TOSmi will a tube
(inserted into her uterus) actually bruise her? Nid
66a(20; Ar [AC 2:12]) [Var: 111B milX AC ib.,
X"D; i VlDS af., mng. 4]; 2. to harm: IX Xnm
l"73naT xnan ins xrxi ix x»T3 oaoa'ai xns'x
I'imaXT 'XD yn X3'X X1?! an animal or a bird
which is soiled in blood, or which has a place
where they are injured, and no one knows what
harmed them HP 203:12 [= GeonH ]n>rwr\ HR
145:15]; pass.part. pl3» X*7T 31 by «]X even
though (the hens) are not harmed ib. 14
[= GeonH 1'JinitflB HR 145:16]
Ittaf. to be harmed: -I13JTX xVl VdXI n3JH X3'm
if he transgressed and ate (the possibly poisoned
animal) and was not harmed HP 204:14
[= GeonH pn Wehizhir2 92:15]
2# 1JQ vb. to mature (MH "113 LNVTH 108) Pe.
(a/ ): X-113 Xbl X3'D1'X X3'D3'X X*?1 X113 (if) she
matured and was not married (or) was married
and had not matured Ket 53b(5); Tjn nmiop'B
XB'p n'DWTa X113T from her youth and until she
matures she stays in his custody HP 108:24; ib.
117:31; 152:16; X113 xVi XB31 as long as she has
not matured ib. 108:21
"13 i "1 conj.
[13V73 4- 13'IS n.]
-nans 4- xron n.
xnn3 4- xiins n.
m3 vb. to be cheerful (4 xmn'13; cf. Sy
rdjiao-a cheerfulness LS 59) Pe., pass.part.:
4-nna
Af. to cheer s.o. up: n'njn X3'Syi IP'l'X ]l'Tn 'D
n'V p'maa when we see someone whose
disposition is sad, we cheer him up Tan 22a(26;
M2); Ned 50b(43); ib. 51a(4); n'WSl 'nnsx1? to
cheer himself up HGl 392:62
['K'13 4- l#'T3adv.]
185

ma
186
i#im
D.'73 adj. cheerful, joyous (4- Vma pass.part.) a.
alone: sg.m. '3'3n3 .T3 XJnm DXin X1?
(n)'"7XE;'X7 my uncle was not in a cheerful mood
towards me so that I could ask him Hul 32a(17);
f. xnsi 'ins xnjn xnna mn xm xnri'x x'nn a
certain woman who showed displeasure towards
(her) husband Ned 91b(4; V2); pl.m. 'ma WJ'N
PN we are joyous people Tan 22a(26) [Var: 'T3i
'nna v17]; b. esp. foi. V'tn pe. [4- a'sy]: n"tn
ma mm he saw that he was cheerful Suk
53a(22; M2); mnjn xnna mm mn'tn I saw that
he was in a cheerful mood Sab 77b(22); Ber
31a(3; F); /& 30b(47)!
Nffln'ia n.f. mirth (4- Vma; cf. Sy kLO^o^s LS
59) sg. xmrnai xrfm a mirthful statement Sab
30b(37) // Pes 117a(39); TVb mn» Xp mn
Xmmaa he was replying to him in a mirthful
manner BB 9b(22); 50 17b(5); Ber 55a(50)
Y: Krnma SB ib.(BAYTN 175).
K'H3 n.m. liar (V'T3 qattal-form; MH2 'X13 J
138) sg. mn X"13 Xinn that (bird) was a liar Hul
63a(37)
[»3»H3 4-2#X3"I'3n.]
Vna prep, because of, conj. in order that
(archaic and dialectal; 4- mtr"\; TA "?H3 TO Gen
6:3, JPA V'13 DJPA 85) I. prep.: Tl'XT main m3
X313X by H'V because of the debt which our father
owed him SSSad 265b: 16; 'mnx1? xapixV Vh3
"7X*lW'a XSIS XJfl'a in order to perpetuate a name
for his brother, the deceased, in the Jewish people
HP 163:32; TGHark 272:8; II. conj.: V'13
'rW'JD '31? im'ia ]"D»X1 because they brought
their sons to the synagogue Ber 17a(48; P)
Nfllp'73 n.f. examination (in connection with
slaughtering animals; i Vl#pl3; cf. Sy rdii^a
ls 60) sg. mm xin "?a p xmpns 7-ixa x:na 3n
PN used to require an examination it [i.e. the
knife] between each one (of the slaughterings)
Hul 10b (15); xmj?'ia ,t"7 n'X (the bird) has an
examination (to determine its fitness) ib.
56a(37); 47a(2) [cf. HP 199:8]; 48a(17); Geon
30:15
Y: Nnipna //«/ 10b(15; BAYTN 175).
[nK3j?H3 4- XJpJ-tfT n.]
vb. to abstain, separate, recite havdala
(4- xrf713X; Ma "713 pa., itpa. MD 52) Pe. 1. to
abstain: m3 'D V'X X1?! XjV'13 ]'X V'X rtn3 TO
IB are you abstaining (from work)? He said:
"Yes, I am abstaining." And he did not say to
him: "Is the master abstaining?" Ber 27b(8) // Er
40b(28); nax^a ]» b'!X3 X3XTJT Xinn ]TO from
that time he abstains from work Geon 266:18; 2.
to separate or distance o.s.: rf?12 Xp (')XSpT 'X13
what occurred that she separates herself (from
other men)? Sot 2b(45); pass.part. V'13 blSTO
n'3D he indeed keeps his distance from it Pes
6a(32); ib. 1 la(l 1); nr» 'BN'X Vui no'X!3T T"JH
idolatry which is repulsive and people distance
themselves from it Bes 39a(21); Git 53b(36); BM
102a(24); Hul 116b(14); HP 6:6
Af. to recite havdala [denom. < 4- xnVl3X]:
n'ty p'Vraa '"max we can definitely recite
havdala over it [i.e. beer] Pes 107a(26); ib.
103b(16); 105a(18); Ber 33b(3); Sab 150b(37)
*6l3 4- "\ conj.
l#j?13 vb. to examine, search, predict
(4- Xmpna; Sy 1# *s>^=> LS 59) Pe. (a/u) 1. to
examine, test, check: a. general: T\b p'13 p13a
he thoroughly inspects her (for blemishes by
means of his relatives) Ket 57b(46); "?IX np13 "?'T
npia'Sab go (and) inspect her. He went to inspect
her Yev 105b(29); Ket 60a(12); Qid 76a(34);
n»3 n'3 X3p'13 we tested you Pes lllb(24; V);
XTO3 rf? 'p13 xyiTUa in GN they used to
examine (the knife) with water Hul 17b(20; V11);
ib. 29; 3b(ll); Ket 61b(5); Git 68b(44); p'pT3
XIH XTO3 n'1? we test it [i.e. the document] with
an extract of pomegranate (peels) ib. 19b(46) [to
bring to light faded writing]; Men 35a(18); XJ'JD
vrtnb inrnpnsn 'a'n 'D larpnsa1? I want to test
you just as I tested them San 93a(43); pass.part.
p3T '"7 'p'13 X*7 I have not scrutinized the
scholars Tan 23b(30) [Var: 'b wp'13 kV M2]; b.
w. "WSJ: ,TWM p'13 mn ]'»!' I'fl^n *7a he used to
test himself every thirty days (to see if fire would
not burn him) BM 85a(50); 'tnm ni£?S3 pnan
nman"? let (the blind woman) inspect herself (for
menstrual blood) and show (it) to another woman
Nid 13b(40); HP 137:20; c. of a terefa: p'na tm
2#jT73
187
ma
XBnaa p'13 nm XT3 one examines with the hand
and another examines with a needle Hul 56a(25);
ib. 43b(2); 76b(10); TGHark 159:18; d. of asota:
in"mx 'a 'pns xp pax xto 'pna 'ai the water
only tests the stomach according to its path Sot
9b(ll); ib. 20b(24); 2. to search: '331 pi3 he
searched and removed (the corpse) Naz 65b(l);
X1SSS pTO'J let him search (for the hames) from
the morning Pes 4a(18); 3. euph. w. mVtl to
defecate: 'Xfl'3 IW 'V n'X mXOD 'H3 jmXl D'TO?
'X©S3 xsp'ns xiansn xa'n Vai xwma '3VI have
twenty-four privies between my house and the
school, and wherever I need to I defecate Ber
55a(19) [cf. Ned 49b(37)]; Hor 13b(37); mn 'TOW
Xrf?p3 n'WD: p'13 PN used to defecate with (the
aid of) a stalk Ned 50b(28; V2Ar [AC 7:98])
Pa. l. to investigate [w. nna, ty]: nnna ipi3
mbtJpl Xin 'in mnaWXI they investigated him,
found that he was a pagan, and killed him Pes
3b(42); ib. 4a(i2); na jimrys 'ixm 'a psxy
n'"in3 Tpnsa they do as they see fit when they
are investigating him TGHark 84:19; ib. 117:20;
2. to predict [cf. TA p'lSa xpla" TO Gen 44:15
(H vnr ©Hi) and Sy, PSm 453]: Xiaa3 p'13 31
xpira p'na 'nr 'm xiD'oa p'n3 'jxtow PN
predicted by means of a ferry. PN2 predicted by
means of a book. PN3 predicted by means of a
child Hul 95b(23)
Itpe. to be tested, examined: 'pia'B XD'n n3J1
where are men tested? &* 32a(12); Mg 28b(16);
1'pnaai ly xntswa ra«i x"7i (if) you do not
adjudicate the writ until the (witnesses) are
examined TGHark 109:15
2# p13 vb. to make a breach, insert (4- HpT2;
mng. 1: Ma l#pia MD 52, Akk bataqu to cut
through, pierce CAD B 161; mng. 2: Ma 2#pna
MD ib.) Pe. 1. to make a breach: XWn"? n"m
mn-133 xina1? xsina p'na mm xnan he saw a
certain man who was making a breach in a fence
of palm leaves to look at his daughter Tan
24a(17) [4- Vl#na mng. 3]; 2. to insert [4- Vpns
pe., mng. 3]: Xn'Jnaa 'iV pna PN inserted it into
his (copy of) the Mishna Yev 10a(30; O2) //
npn3l5A/48a(45;F')
Lit: Eps, MNM 700 [mng. 2].
"113 vb. to scatter, spread, take root (4- XTna;
Sy i:Lr> LS 60, Ma ma to scatter, sprinkle MD
52) Pe. (a/a) 1. to spread (on a sore or wound):
n'l^'y mai rf? 'Vpl burn it [i.e. the cord] and
spread (the ashes) on it [i.e. the sore] AZ 28b(5);
ib. 10; mn Xao [T\b =] Xb ma 'XT if they spread
(medicine) on it (the animal) will live Hul
54a(34) [cf. Sy rd^i^o en . \ \ io-=> PSm 454];
2. to take root: mX3 xmi mX3 TtxaT whichever
(tree) takes root will grow [lit. take root], and
whichever does not take root, (let it be for
firewood) BB 102b(14; Q§ 72:17) [4- VlSB pe.,
mng. l]; n'yaw 'apa icnsn nwsx ]a dx x"7x (it
is forbidden to plant in the sixth year) unless it is
possible for (the plant) to take root before the
sabbatical year Seel 129:22(Var); XTT3 ]>J)bl\b it
takes root in thirty (days) ib. 26(Var); 27(Var); 3.
to catch fire: X'331 Xlli xma X1? xa^'T perhaps
the fire will not take hold, and it will be
extinguished Seel 72:2
Pa. 1. to scatter: O^iyn mriTl J731X3 131? KITTM
I shall scatter you to the four corners of the earth
Tan 3b(9); AZ 10b(41); ib. 53b(40); Sinn"? ni'Vp
TO' 3WX n'aD'pV mm31 xmj burn me and spread
my ash upon the seven seas Git 56b(46); Yom
84a(14); AZ 62b(14); RH 26b(13) // Meg
18a(43); xabj? '"7133 TT3»1 mn'3 y\T\01 'Km I
saw (in a dream) that they were tearing down my
[lit. his] house and were scattering (it) in the
entire world Ber 56a(46; P); pass.part. 'T13a Ber
58b(56) [of stars in a constellation]; ib. 47b(53);
2. to sprinkle: xawan [xi"]an ppb 'nsjn
'jxa ©(iX'isD'V xm n'^y kto nXi>liial? they
make the minor a leather belt (for use) in
sprinkling water, so that (his) garments should
not be soaked TGAs42 166:9 [expl. 4- Jtatia; cf.
Ma XTOT XJXTO'n a belt of water MD 145]
Itpa. 1. to be disbanded: '"ina'X ITO'1? let (the
two witnesses) merely be disbanded Git 33b(44);
San 8a(54); 2. to be scattered, disseminated:
Xin 'TTO'XT Xi©'"7 it is a term denoting being
scattered (to the wind) AZ 44a(26) [expl. BH
DXiff'1 2S 5:21, w. ref. to OXWfl PITT] Dntn Is
41:16]; n'miX 'm3'» xpi its flocks (of wool) will
be scattered Ber 56a(46; MGG 705:9); Tnxnyaw
ima'a your legal traditions will be (widely)

nna
188
K'lna
disseminated ib. 47(MGG 705:13); Bo 55:2; 3. to
be dissipated: ptt?XYJ mnD VP in1? mH the
days of purification of the first (child) were
dissipated HP 135:17; 4. to catch fire: Wip
kV rvfrrrra pru pma py-ii pma x1? pix pma
p!3B (loose) reeds catch fire (from one another
in an oven). (If) he tied them together, they do
not catch fire. Kernels (of fruit) catch fire. (If)
he placed them in woven baskets they do not
catch fire Sab 20a(42)
Lit: Eps, Stl 112.
'Ttn3 prep, with, towards, conj. while
(< pq + "3 [< pn*. pi. of 4- l#in num.pl.; cf.
'TO TGAs42 34b:2]; cf. Akk adi B together with
CAD A/1 121; 4- 'in1?, Tin, ay prep.; Ma
X'1,T3X MD 4; cf. MH2 "D B? BY 4541) w. suf:
lsg. 'XTO Hag 4b(30); 2m. Tina AZ 10b(15);
3m. ,TTO Suk 44b(37); f. nTO /toa« 106:6; lpl.
pm Yev 37b(30); 2m. 13'TO MQ 22a(8); 3m.
1.TTO 5g 98b(27); f. VPTO 5e/fc 20b(28);- I.
prep. 1. with, together with: a. general: TOT
ln'TO you are with them San 17a(l); mm XJ'in
I want to be [lit. I am] with him Ket 77b(l); X*?1
pm <1>{')J1XP x"?l ]TO 'V3K they do not eat with
us, and they do not drink with us Meg 13b(44);
in 'ina xn inV itxt 'snw nm 'nx nn 'n two
brothers or two partners who have a court case
with someone Ket 94a(13); TO1? '"IpW HTO 'TO
'"? why do I have to deal with lying witnesses? BB
31b(6); XD'D mn ^X'^BJ ]3T 'TO PN had bread
with him [lit. with PN (in his baggage) there was
bread] Hor 10a(46); Pes 43a(14); 'Xai Xn"?'Bl
xrf?'a 'TO T3J?nm salt and what is made with
salt Anan 86:22; b. w. var. vbs.: XnV'a n'1? mn '3
V1H 'TO when he had a complaint [lit. word]
with someone Yom 87a(47); ITHm "|V mn 'KB
VU'JlVopi what did you have against them that
you cut them down [i.e. the cedars]? SOZ 72:24;
rVXl'tt 'TT'XTO are you quarreling with me?
BM 85b(19); 'XTO WJ73 'XB what do you want
with me? San 5a(26); nTO 1,TX 'jmPX he spoke
with him Meg 16a(41); Yom 9b(46); Anan 14:15;
XTUT XTiay n'TO Bpi Bp he arose and a pillar of
fire arose together with him MQ 25a(47); 2.
towards [4- 'TO1? mng. 2]: X3B XB1H X'M 'TO
towards the evening of the holiday Bes 27b(3); Er I
43a(38); Anan 29:26; 3. next to: 'TO iTaniXl
X'W> TD xnan '"?'B he placed him next to the
town gate the whole night SOZ 72:18; II. conj.
while [w. fol. part.]: T]Siyb n"Wl 'AOB XpT 'TO
H'B'X while he was walking he saw Orpah, his
mother San 95a(45); ib. 96a(9); XSiy n'3 VT\V\
niST 'in3 he slaughtered a bird with it [i.e. the
arrow] while it was in flight Hul 30b(39); ib.
53a(35); vmsya xnsy bpv 'xixpn 'to while
coming (to the boat) he took some of their earth
[lit. earth from their earth] Bek 8b(45); ib.
36a(33); Bes 8b(14); Tan 22a(2); Ned 31b(8);
Afaz 50b(ll); Git 14a(44); i& 56a(9); 68a(l);
Tarn 32b(8)
Lit.: Nold, MG 59, note; Voc: 'Tl5 HPP 43:19; Y: 'in? Tan
24b(37; BAYTN 336).
- '7.n3N prep, at the time of (4 "X; Ma X'Trax
MD 4) xmP 'tyBT X'iD 'TOX at evening time on
Friday BM 75b(40); ib. 49a(49; HP 84:5)
prep, corresponding to, against,
towards (4- 'TV?) 1. corresponding to, against:
'arn nrf?n 'ina"? mt?s nrfrn three exemptions
corresponding to three liabilities Zev 39a(19);
Yev 31a(41; O2); X'Va XnT 'TO1? XTDn XnT ^1
remove one deficient month [i.e. having twenty-
nine days] corresponding to one full month Ara
9a(15); ib. 19; 'B"p Tin Bm> 'TO1? (the basins)
corresponded in height with the bread Men
96a(47); xVwa xinn n'TO1? m1? ]jny»a we
measure it against that cooked dish Seel 24:2; ib.
51:49(Var); 2. towards: X'iD 'TO1? towards
evening Yom 19a(34; L); Anan 27:5
Lit: Eps, Stl 106; Y: ni?1? Pes 8a(ll).
tt'ina adv. explicitly, directly, openly
(< X'TO*; 4- 'TO, l#in num., lSX'TO) 1.
explicitly: a. general: '1BI2H n'BWB nan'Xl p'3
'XTIBXa 3TT .TBWI X'TO since it was said
explicitly in the name of PN, while in the name
of PN2 there is a (disagreement) of Amoraim Yev
18b(7); Hag 3b(26); AZ 10b(l); TGHark 40:32;
ib. 44:23; b. w. ref. to a biblical verse: 'TO X'TO
arms) nax udjw -»aVn x1? ina it is explicitly
written concerning them: "You should not wear
£., wool and linen" [Dt 22:11] Sab 27a(25); ib.
I 133b(30); Pes 66a(42); Yev llb(12); 5M
K^Tia 189 *£«
61a(38); BB 9b(20); 5e£ 14b(17); c. w. ref. to a
Tannaitic statement: m"? 'JXTl xp X'TO Xn (the
Tanna), in fact, learns it explicitly MQ 5a(34);
Git 4b(16); BQ 50b(33); Hor 2b(24); Zev
20b(29); Men 12b(47); Hul 31a(24); /Ira 25a(3);
x1? X'TO 'to x"?t 'anp X'TO raTOt xrrra xan
'3J1p the Tanna learns a matter which is written
explicitly (in Scripture). He does not learn a
matter which is not written explicitly Qid 5b(19);
BM 95b(l); San 75a(23); X'TO n":J1'Vl let (the
Tanna) learn it explicitly BQ 4a(14); Qid
67a(l4); ,T? "•ana X'TO px n"? irnna '3n pnx
you transmit it so [i.e. anonymously]. We
transmit it explicitly [i.e. in the name of a tradent]
Yev 18b(12); Sab 4a(20); BQ 78b(8); BB
19a(ll); Hul 126a(26); 2. directly: X*7T ]T3
X'in3 in1? 'JJ1DS since they cannot walk (in it)
directly [i.e. in a straight line] Sab 7a(15); 3.
openly: X'TO rbpwb let Him take it openly [i.e.
the rib from Adam while he was awake] San
39a(13); ib. 15
Lit: Bacher 46; AAC 156, s.v. X'Tl; Y: xnna Ber 26a(37;
BAYTN 332).
N^'iia n.m. small amount (4- VTO; cf. Sy
rsi.tn_=. quiet LS 61) sg. B'TD3T x"?'n3 a small
amount of bikkurim AnanSch 12:5; "piB pmB
X"?'n3 TlBXn removed slightly from the path of
truth TGAs27 68:12
Lit: Eps, apud Assaf, TGAs27 68'.
^•na vb. to hurry (4- X"?'n3; BA Vn3 itpe. HALOT
1832) Itpe.: T7'n3Jl'Xl l^lT move and hurry Bo
51:4
pJ^na n. two-pointed compass, fork (4- X3DX;
etym. unkn.) 1. two-pointed compass: sg. Tajn
p3Bn33 (the top of the lulav) is formed like a
two-pointed compass Suk 32a(3; M2); p:(B)na
GC49:1 [expl. MH pDinn MKel 16:8]; 2. fork:
sg. p^anai '3'3Da with knives and a fork BM
25b(31)
Geon. expl.: v'ry vnBivw mip> Tith i1!^ 'rnrav nywa i?aan3
'3f>': Q'nBio 13 j'wiyw ^na ■?» 'Vs1? nam crivi p^n': ma m
mynn 13 i'3nn vnw ni p:on3 I'tny D"on9 vm i^i? 'bibtw
miyo '3mx i» xini myps nn'T iyj' x1?* (n>(nin,Bl7i nws1?!;
lit^s p inx I'mpi... ]rf?w 'aj^yc nitsf po mos inx I'K'sow
1'XDXIB 'DIB OHT Suk 38:3, i.e. NP paran nails driven through
anything and then clenched at the points PED 240; 'B j?Mn33
onsen 'Bitjnw 13 D'3pjnw 'Vs i:"m iostn x3Dn ohp Suk
97:11; ib. 112:11 [drawing]; OHR BM 39:17 [mng. 1]; 1»»1
D'pn '3 inx pra yvi xinw yvm n"D3 GC 49:2, i.e. o*ijW
double sticker [cf. Sy: uPjW rf* i i^ ;'i *n an instrument for
extracting BBah 1057:6] [mng. 2]; Lit: Eps, GC 498; Geig,
AAC 415, s.v. prfllJl, rejects the P etyms. suggested by Eps,
ib.4; Shaked, Dress 110.
nna 4-1# nxa n.
"p'*ina, "p'lna prep, instead of (< Ir *vihriq
[cf. MP *guhng' equivalent CPD 36]; 4- Tom;
cf. Sy nLL-Km^p part, portion LS 61) xmi X7IX
j'p'ina a man has come in our stead Ara 27b(36);
'Xp'TO X"?m TH X131 '■? 13n give me a man
who is a water drawer instead of me Ket 105a(39;
FrAr [AC 3:248]); ''Xp'TO XTin'X "p n'V'S? I
brought in for you a woman in my stead (to do
the work) ib. 61a(20; V5Ar [AC 3:248]); nV>yX
(n),pnna 'onsi xicx ^x'an1? they brought PN,
the genius of the Persians, instead of him [i.e.
Gabriel] Yom 77a(30; M)
Lit: Koh, AC 2:25; Shaked, Elements 150; Geig, AAC 78,
rejects the etyms. proposed by Fl, TMW 1:78, and Perles, EtSt
49.
pina vb. to separate (4- -p'TO) Itpa. to
separate o.s.: n'3B J'pTOn'B H'33'tt/l his
neighbors separate themselves off from him Bo
141:8
Tina vb. to be ashamed (4- XXinna; Sy b\m-^ LS
61, Ma nna MD 54) Pe.: na'a ri'na mi xnb'a
niBKl Blip say first something of which you are
ashamed BQ 92b(20; MGG 404:1); '"?3n XS"?aT
xnn3 X1? (a woman) who is used to bereavements
is not ashamed (of additional ones) Ket 62a(27)
Expl. Ar [Ket ib.]: n»2 n^ ]'X n^lSB nvrb jvraftnn AC 8:225.
xrinna n.f. shame.(4- Vira; ta infins tj is
20:30, Sy ^^oijp LS 62, Ma xmmxa MD
46) sg. liTTKia 'xVl'X their shame was revealed
Hul 56b(26; H2); pi. XriXIinaT '3X0 shameful
elders [lit. elders of shames] San 102b(37;
TGHark 145:10)
Geon. expl.: HS'^D btffl n»13 Vb D'JpT TGHark ib.; Y: mPTtl
BAYTN 182.
K'313 n.m. oven, cooking place (< Akk bubu
part of a kiln CAD B 300 [Lex]; Sy rf . -■o-a
large brick on which to bake bread BBah 362:20)
sg. Pes 30b(l 1) // Zev 95b(37); XTO! nan "?3X 31

i#Nn'aia 190 oiatoa
t ■ :
X'aia1? XJT'Pp PN ate dates and threw the stones
into the oven Sab 29a(25)
Lit: Geig, AAC 74; Fr, AF 23; AIOA 43; Brand 74; Rashi
quotes mss. which read 1 'DJ1 '3.
i#Kivan, Nrraa n.f. pupil of eye (ta raa
]inry TO Dt 32:10, Sy rf (. sn r^bL^A LS 62,
PSm 442) sg. m'jn XJI'SIS Grt 69a(12) [Var:
XJTaa Ar (AC 2:9)]
Geon. expl.: ]yiV pfaw TITO yX»X3» ]Bp TITO TRN 615:6;
Y: X1V33 G// ib.(BAYTN 30).
2#Nn'313, N7V33 n. channel (< NA &£«
drainage opening in a wall CAD B 297, s.v. 6?'w,
AIOA 43; Sy i<LL=>o_^, pi. n^wLse^,
rciAjuia, pi. rt'&S A ; -., LS 62) Sg. XTI'SIS
X'ai a water channel Hul 85b(42; V12) [Var:
X'aiXri'33 Ar (AC 2:10)]
Y: X)V3i3 Hul ib.(BAYTN 38).
Nfiaia n.f. (uncertain; 4- X3m) sg. KJ13ia
'1BHJ1 ... of garden beds &j2> 110b(41); pi.
nxwai xnxinaa i&(Oxf., c. 27,14)
Rdg. and mng. unclear.
'NHS 4- 'KIT adv.
[KBWI3 4- XBB13 n.]
NtJtJia n.m. spark (VtJDS; cf. Sy rdi^s. spark
LS 66) pi. XTU1 '0013 sparks of fire BM 85a(37;
F1); 5er 58a(36; OAr AC 2:40]) [Var: 'DXDia
SMel 42:15]
Nri'pia, NJl'B'a n.f. caper (etym. unkn.) sg.
XJTD13 "m XrilBI XS'^ iftpitfl they removed the
blossom of a caper shrub, and it recovered to a
caper 5e/- 36b(37; Ar [AC 1:44]); pi. xn'013 2V
seven capers Hul 59a(8; Ar [AC ib.])
Geon. expl.: O'JIJM pi '»TX Jl«rt>a XJVD13 l'X"lj7:n p ni3<l)'3K
Jliyn1? ilOVTO ns p3 «n» TGHark 196:27; Lit: L6w, Flora
1:326; Y: XJVB13 Hul ib.(BAYTN 36).
NBBia n.m. terebinth (TA xS»13 TJ Is 1:30, Sy
K'k^V-? LS 67) pi. 'DD13 BB 80b(41) // 'apn
fltf 23a(23; GRH 13:19) [expl. MH D'lfrx ib.]
Lit: Low, Flora 1:194; Y: '0B13 RH ib.(BAYTN 145).
[KJB13 4- X»t313 n.]
[N'313 4- X'aia n.]
N3313, N1N313 n.m. pestle, rib (< Akk bukanu
pestle CAD B 308, AIOA 45; Sy r<lAo^=> LS I
73) 1. pestle: sg. X3X313 Sab 77b(33; Ar [AC
2:90]) [expl. as 133X1 X13 come and I shall strike
it ib.]; Er 102a(29); XJ313 bp the sound of a
pestle Bes 14a(25); '^am Xri'OXI XJ313 a pestle
and a mortar for (grinding) spices Hul 105b (24);
XPrUI XJl'DX 13<Jia>1 X^TISI XJ313 an iron pestle
which breaks a brazen mortar Nid 36b(50) [Var:
X3X313 MGL 447:21]; pi. '3X313 BQ 93b(22)
[made of wood]; 2. rib: sg. XD'OXl X3313 rib and
rib joint [lit. 'pestle' and 'mortar'] Hul 52a(32)
[Var: X3X313 GC 81:6]
Lit: Geig, AAC 91; Y: XJX313 BAYTN 160.
1#*0313 n.m. firstborn (4- Vl33, Xm3ia,
XTVTDia; TA X1313 TO Ex 12:29, Sy rc'A-oc^
LS 73, Ma X1313 MD 55) a. human: sg. X1313
n'^ lip X"7 X3X1 X"730 X1313 1'^ <l>C)"lp XB'XI
xVs'O X1313 the firstborn of the mother is called
'foolish' firstborn [i.e. lacking privileges of the
firstborn]. The firstborn of the father is not called
'foolish' firstborn BB 126b(31); X1313 13 X1313
firstborn son of a firstborn son ib. 34; X1313
nnscn the firstborn of a maidservant AnanSch
7:19[Marg]; b. animal: sg. Meg 31a(41) [in
mnemonic phrase, w. ref. to Ex 13:2]; 111 pllX '"I
X1313 1'"7 PN had a firstborn (animal) Bek
36a(32); ib. 36b(ll); Bes 27a(7); Sab 145b(6) //
Bek 36a(8); Hul 44b(29); Tern 8b(28); pi. '1313
1X'K?3 '31 the firstborn (animals) of the exilarch's
estate Bes 27a(32); AnanSch 9:12
Voc: XT313 VTM 57; Y: XYJH BAYTN 145.
2#N"1313 n.m. the lowest layer in a clay dam
(etym. unkn.; 4- XJ1331X, XfiSB) sg. BM 103b(34)
Expl. Rashi; Y: XTJ13 BM ib.
NJTrDte n.f. primogeniture (4- 1#X1313; Sy
rc'^c.-UcuSD LS 73) sg. xm-iCl}30>3 HG3 292:52
Nrinpia n.f. firstborn (4- 1# X1313) sg. m XI11313
XJ11313 firstborn female (cat) of a firstborn one
Ber 6a(16)
Y: XJV1313 Ber ib.(BAYTN 145).
n.m. ravenous hunger (< (3ouXiuo(;
Lehnw 141; Sy u»<^J*ijAo_^ LS 76) sg. I'lflX
'DT '~b DiaVl3 a ravenous hunger seized PN Yom
83b(27)
I Y: DioVlS Yom ib.
t :
191
T T
NPVlB n.m. lump of glass (< pa>A.o<; Lehnw 141;
Sy rVrYi\o-=3 LS 76, JPA Dl"?ia DJPA 87) sg. Sab
154b(12; Rashi ms. [DS ad loc.]) [Var: XDI^S Ar
(AC 2:101)]
Geon. expl.: [71>313! =] ri'3130 V» ,"nj?'5> GnK5 170:20. Lit:
Brand, Glass 156+, who disagrees on the etym.
N,T713 n.m. a tax (4- 2#xn'U; etym. unkn.) sg.
XJIBH XJ131 Xl'PISS '•b'a '3ni this refers to the
6.-tax and the poll tax of the (current) year BQ
113b(43; EsAr [AC 2:105]) [H: xyiX "7'33]
RaH: flKn DO 'l'rs pxn Vw OHR ib. 105:3; Lit: Beer, BA
22823, w. prev. lit. The etym. proposed by L. Ginzberg [v. AAC
93, s.v. 3"1^3] is difficult on phonetic grounds, and the Sy
cognate rc'-iAftja LS 63 proposed by Sperber, apud Beer,
means simply 'clump.' Y: NlVia BAYTN 145.
[JOTS 4 l#X313n.]
N3313, K333 n.m. base, basis, place, garden
bed (< Mir *bunak [cf. MP bunag (bwnk) abode
CPD 20, NP biin foundation PED 208]; 4- XD313,
1# X'33; Sy kT k \o-= base LS 79, Ma X3313 base,
foundation MD 56, garden bed Gs 111:16 [//
XriVJ]) 1. base, foundation: sg. XllSttf T\»b
H(33>U3H3 "ina Xl?"yI71 let him bring a spit and
pass it (through the spine) from the base HG3
140:66; iri? 'Jia pri r<V>(1}m X3313 mm 'XT
Xiaj if the foundation of the two houses
belonged to one man TGAs33 109:7; 2. basis: sg.
XnyBKH X3:ia Tim this is the basis of the law
TGAs27 92:30; yyfr Xip'jn T^JTOI ,1<3a){33}ia
'Xp VidVd the basis and the main point of our
Mishna refers to the matter of carrying OHT Suk
57:26; TGHark 278:7 [4- X'D13]; 3. proper place:
pi. ]in'3ai33 Tinxr x:n T"yi mv he learnt (the
laws of) the Sabbath and idolatry in their proper
places Kar 3b(28; Os§M); ib. 31; 4. garden bed:
pi. '333 MQ 4b(7; Ar [AC 2:125],GC 77:6) [expl.
MH n\>X\y Mib. 1:1]
P expl.: 'IB X'3313 113 1«:13 SMel 50:197. The form ,T3:3 HG3
157:50 indicating a part of the loin of an animal may belong
here; Lit: Eps, GC 7719; AAC 95.
JO013 n.m. willful negligence (4- V'03, Vl#'T3;
JPA n"013 DJPA 87, > MH2 X'013 BQ 116b[10;
H]; cf. Ma X3X'013 MD 56, Sy r^A<? . ^ -A LS
79) sg. X3313 TVb ri'Vl 'Xia X'D<1){3}3 willful
negligence which has no basis TGHark 278:7;
mV O'Vwx x'D<i>('}a x"?a ye\ryar 'ixm 'x»i I shall
pay to him what they are responsible for without
willful negligence SSSad 274:2
Geon. expl.: 'WW SSSad 275:8, i.e. o!£; Xy'BB OHT BQ
110:17.
NB013, pi. 'Wpia n.m. spice, fragrance
(4- VDD3; Ma Xabia, pi. X'JXaop MD 56, Sy
i^Sanrn, pi. rC *x\ m ^>, ",)V"»^ LS 80)
pi. 'ixaoia OHP Ber 63:8
tOJnpiQ n.m. garden (< Mir *bostan [cf. MP
boyestan CPD 19, NP bostan, *bustan PED 207];
Sy rdihLsocyza LS 82, Ma XJXDDia MD 56; cf.
PN 'XJXnoia IKI la: 10) sg. Sab 30b(4; M); Meg
16a(44) [containing trees]; '11X1 X3J1013 a garden
of cedars SOZ 72:22; BM 22a(38); X3TO13 XIHH
X31BX1 X1U1? T»0 mm a certain garden that was
close to the wall of a house Er 25b (12); XU1
xaroiaa mbi vr~b mm xpamisx a certain
pavilion which the exilarch had in the garden ib.
19; pi. 'Jnoiai 'D'HS vineyards and gardens BM
39b(40); BB 61b(41)
Lit: Low, Flora 4:264; Tel 30; Y: NJ1TO3 Sab ib.(BAYTN 263).
K(7r)P13, NpTlPa n.f. jug (< Mir *bastuk [cf. NP
bastu small glazed earthenware vessel PED 186],
> Arab iij^ PLAr 50; Sy rCA^m-p LS 82)
sg. xmm xpnoia a jug of honey Hul 49b(25;
Ar [AC 2:136]) [Var: XpWD'a H2]; pi.
7nDX3>{a}3 Bes 3 3b (3 7) [containing dry figs]
Lit: Geig, AAC 97, w. prev. Lit; Tel 33; Y: KpriDlS BAYTN 263.
NriSNa, KJlia, pi. '»gia, "W n.f. abscess (Vj?13;
Ma xma*, pi. X71X3X1 X'13 large boils MD 55; cf.
XJXrm ib. 57) sg. XWI3 nnsa1? to lance an
abscess San 84b(40; Ar [AC 2:137]) [Var: XTTI3
HeTGHark 102:24, HGP 48b:5)]; pi. 'mn '3,1
'lin1? ]{')3'a01 nx'11 'S?ia two abscesses of a lung
which are next to each other Hul 47a(l) [Var:
mmV ]3'aoi "X3 Tnin HP 199:7]; n'x '3 nxna
"ia 13 when there are abscesses in the lung
TGHark 159:5
Geon. expl.: p'TDXl "13 '3 Xni3 K,1 TGHark 102:24; ib. 33;
riljmysx p? 'yi3 ]1J3 'na'X ib. 158:35; Y: '»« BAYTN 18.
HXSIS n.m. maker of linen cloth (nisbe-form
< XS13*; cf. Sy «1^<?-^ of fine linen LS 63) pi.
'XS13 Sot 48a(46; Seel [Eps, Stl 438:20])
Lit: Eps, note ib.

xa'sia
S3'S13 n.m. a plant, lamp (< Akk businu,
businnu a plant, lamp wick, bit businni lamp
CAD B 348; mng. 1: Peh ideog. XJ'Xia = MP
xiyar cucumber FiP 4:24 [v. ib. 67], TA X*TX13
pi. TO Num 11:5, Sy KiL^o-a mullein LS 63,
Ma xa'Xtt MD 56; mng. 2: TA rxi3 TJ IS 3:3,
JPA TX13 DJPA 88) 1. a plant (perh. of the
cucumber family): sg.abs. mn pis a new b.-
plant HM 41:3; det. JPT n'BBpB xrxia (the
nature of) the b.-plant is recognizable from its
break Ber 48a(9); mp>» 2D XJ'Xia a 2>.-plant is
better than a gourd Ket 83b(9) // Suk 56b(3) //
Tern 9a(l); pi. TXia Meg 12b(l) // So? 10a(24)
[* '"iXp; in a proverb; 4- '3 prep.]; 'V 'TTX 'V'?
'Jiw nn ,I7 'x'ttw '^tx 'rxia pn (the
Babylonian husband said to his Palestinian wife:)
"Go (and) bring me two bosine" [i.e. gourds].
She went and brought him two lamps Ned
66b(35) [cf. JPA l'S13 supra]; 2. lamp: sg. xrxia
XTI77 a burning lamp [lit. a lamp of fire] Sab
30a(10); XTinn X3'X13 'lamp of light' Ket
17a(20) // San 14a(47) [honorific designation of
a scholar]
Lit: Geig, AAC 99; Low, Flora 1:534. For a discussion of the
phrase XTIY! XJ'X13 Pes 94b(15) and a suggested emendation,
v. Ros, Tarbiz 57 [1988] 3+; Voc: XJ'Xa VTM 27; Y: XJ'XiS San
14a(47; BAYTN 163).
Kn»X», pi. KJVW3, KJ1»X'3 n.f. a small boat
(MH2 7TX13 BBT73a[15], > Arab £—ji Fr, AF
217) pi. ierm X7T"X13 the Z>.-boats of GN 55
73a(16; F2) [expl. MH TOVT TBB 4:1]; XTttTX'O
&rf> 101a(7)
Geon. expl.: man pV «?'l D'0JX3 iVn1? XDXX'3 00 J'Wiy
tim o'm y?n Krrai d'toj o'-im nvwy pryp"ij>i rtirnm
nrx o'oa isniw Y?'bxi yivv d'D3 nsra pwvni mvft o'bhj
TO3B: OHP Sab 64:8; 'M1? ITDhlQV JTUBp rrU'BO XrPS13
1'0»ji db roV? rvfrD' mVrra pxw 1'Dyio era mpas nfrmn
rtrpi pVi ns'33 "bx racial rf?p x'm n«a^ I'xxvi naepa
... JVm Ar [AC 2:153; v. OHT ib.]; 7TO»p J113'Ty XnX'X'3
GnK5 168:1. Lit: Sperber, Nautica 2713; Flora 1:582; Y:
xrix^xa bb ib.
1# K^SW, kVs3 n.m. onion (4- V?X3; TA '5X13
pi. TONum 11:5, Sy r^^ LS 86) pi. '"7X13
Qid 62a(2); 'Vx3 //P 190:9
Lit: Low, Flora 2:125+; Y: ^X3 gi'rf ib.
2# K^Xia n.m. young shoot of reed (4- V"?X3) sg.
xin x^xiai 'wb (d){d)ix 'xm ynwa 'xa what
KjM'rtia
proves that DJX is a term (meaning) reed? Qid
62b(31; V3Ar [AC 1:23], s.v. Dix) [Van XJ^Xia
Ar (AC 7:392, s.v. VXB)]
Lit: Low, Flora 1:667 [contra 2:126],
l#Nj?13 n.m. jar (OfA l#p3 DNWSI 186, Sy
riLac^i jar with a cut-off top BBah 373:1, Gr
PoKoq; cf. BH pap? HAL 143) pi. 'pno 'pl3
empty jars BB 7a(14) // ib. 151b(19) // AZ
37b(34) // Hul 5Qb(l) [metaph. for a meaningless
statement]
Lit: Lehnw 142; Brand 75; Y: Xj?W BAYTN 159.
2# N|?ia, K|?3 n.m. joint (etym. unkn.) sg. 'xn
xaDXl Xpl3 the joint of the thigh (bone) Hul
42b(18); ib. 54a(48); 54b(9) [Var: xpX3 'XH
XaBJH HP 204:15(HPP 306:16)]
Y: Xp« #«/ 42b(18; BAYTN 159).
"113 vb. to lie fallow (4- 1# XTI3, T'3; Sy \jL LS
63) Af. to leave fallow: Xjnxb nb xnaia 'X
X7T771 131X 'tit XS"?X "|V XiS'n' X'j'jBi if I leave
NN's field fallow, I shall give you one thousand
zuzim. He left a third fallow BM 104b(24; Es);
'1X3 '"mm X171X3 in a place where they leave
fields fallow BB 29a(25); jnn XD'Xl "13ian X3'XT
some leave the field fallow, and some sow (it) ib.
26; !XT31X7 SSHai 6b(17)
Itpa. to lie fallow: T'ajtfVT M'V Xn'JT ]X» 'XH
n*J?lX one who wants his field to lie fallow BM
107a(2)
1#K"113 n.m. uncultivated land (4- VT13; Sy
«4cJ=i LS 63, Ma X113 MD 56) sg. BB 168a(19)
Y: X113 BAYTN 18.
2#Km3 n.m. (unclear) sg. XlriX Xn'iJna Bp3
H'T 1TXX XSDm Xni31 m' he held a pearl in one
hand, and a ... of a shell in his other hand Sab
140b(31) [Var: XlPa Ar (AC 2:34), expl. as a
precious stone; XTD Rashi, expl. as pudendum]
[3# NTI3 4- XT3 n.]
01H13 n.m. a disease (etym. unkn.) sg. HM 40:8
pKpTTQ 4- X-lpH-rTO n.]
Nj?3'ni3 n.m. perh. turban (Ma Xprm3 turban
MD 57, Sy kLo-ijt_=i head covering, legging LS
96) sg. Sab 77b(35) [expl. as 'pi nt "Via this
cistern is empty ib.]
192
s'Bna
193
ma
The mng. given is based on the poss. etym. connections. Lit:
Nold, MG 202; on a poss. MP etym., v. Geig, AAC 103; 1SK
91. AIOA 81, rejects the suggested Akk connection w. parsigu
turban AHw 836 on phonetic grounds; Y: Kj?3'T "113 Sab ib.
N'13^13 n.m. spear blade, spear (< ppurca, Lat
verutum Lehnw 145) sg. XTOn <n3)fra)»V VIS
X"!3"lXa)f3)a is it permissible to make a bung-
hole in a (wine) jug with a spear blade (on the
Sabbath)? Sab 146a(36) [v. RaH]; X'tJ-Vm Xnp
the handle of the spear San 27b(l)
Geon. expl.: non^W *?n3 TGAs42 168:8; flj? X'Dni31 «n|7
3xx: '^xyDW pw'jai ]nnx Dy ]mx j'nw non^nn 'B3X» yxiv
lilt TGHark 144:16, i.e. _>*1L v^ handle of a dagger; Y:
X;tni3 Sab ib.(BAYTN 263).
K'-lia, pi. Nri'nia, KnNna n.m. reed mat
T: * TTT ' TTT
(< Akk buru reed mat CAD B 339, AIOA 45; Sy
Klivi-^, pi. rK'hi^ik^ LS 95, Ma xm3 MD
57, MH2 xma Suk 20b(28), > NP buriya PED
206, PLAr 62 > ModArab id.) sg. X'<n)n)13 ^T3
TrPttiapya 13'mxi they rolled up a reed mat and
placed (it) in its [i.e. the alley's] crooked portion
Er 8a(24); ib. 102a(40); Bek 8b(42); nan
X'llSXT dates which are on a reed mat (for
drying) BM 67b(26) // Ket 50b(34; V5); HG3
212:74!; pi. xnxvTO TGDr49 105:9 [expl. MH
nr>xns Sab ioib(i2)]; xnxmsT yxbi curtains
of reed mats GC 55:9 [expl. MH 711X3)3 Nid
67a(3)]; XTlXTTm "X^S OHT Sab 64:12; '3H
XTinaT XllXns mats of GN Suk 20b(26)
Expl.: XHXnia X^xna SMel 51:240 [v. supra]; Lit: Eps, GC
55 ; AAC 77, s.v. X'TQ; on the use of reed mats for roofing
[v. Suk ib.], cf. Akk bita usallal u bura ina muhhi parisati addi
I was roofing the house and have placed the reed mats over the
lath (on the roof beams) CAD B 340; Voc: x'TO HGP 27a:38.
l#N3ni3 n.m. knee-shaped pole of a plough
(Sy rdoio-ia LS 96, mng. 3 [Lex], > ModArab
<4ji) sg. mnX3 X3-I13 GC 60:1 [expl. MH TTjia
MKel21:2]
Lit: Eps, GCIntr 56; GC 602.
2# K3113 n. tree branch (etym. unkn.) pi. Ir?7i
x"?ai irr? xpma id in"ra 'D-va a plank bridge
cannot support three branches of them Tarn
30a(3; Ar [AC 8:167, s.v. ]1D1^]F)
Expl. Ar: D'Bjy AC ib. For '3113 MQ 4b(7; C), v. I X3J13.
NJ1D113, abs. N3113 n.f. perh. confusion, doubt
(etym. unkn.) sg. xrDTI3 'Xa ... X3113 XH this is
a confusion. What is the confusion? Svu 12b(5)
///fer 63b(21)////«/88b( 16)
Geon. expl.: Xin 'PXp'l 'jn33B lp 10B' 1p X3113 XnblX *7ip3B
.ITn Xim 3VX wby LPT 148:24, i.e. ii II to fill with doubt;
SJJi. confusion; Lit: Eps, GC 602, relates it to the twisted shape
of I 1#X3TI3; Voc X3-I13 HGP 42b:37; Y: XTO113 BAYTN 198.
NS113 n.f. type of pot (Sy r<liijio_ij clay pot
LS 97, Arab iijj Wehr 55) sg. xVVn XH113 stone
6.-pot SMel 50:203; pi. K77J1 '(Ximi3 "-am
XK/rU'D stone &-pots are considered like bronze
HP 16:4 = '0113 HG1 288:11; Xfip'Jiy 'ailS ->X\
old [i.e. used] &-pots OHT Pes 31:14
Lit: AAC 107.
nitSOIIS adj., n. of Borsippa (nwrVform < GN
•pOTD < Akk Barsip Eshel, JSB 50+) n., sg.f.
Xrai XTl'SOTO1? I resemble the 'Borsippean' GN
Bo 125:2
Lit: Miiller-Kessler-Kwasman, Bowl 162.
'3#13 n. (word in charm formula) Sab 67b(l;
OAr [AC 2:234, s.v. 13])
n.m. ripening, cooked state (4- V?^3; Sy
t<ti.o-i3 LS 99) 1. ripening [< Akk buslu
ripening (of dates) CAD B 351]: pl.cs. ^t^n
X"iai3 ripened /t.-dates Ber 40b(42) [expl. MH
niVriiJ Mib. 6:3; < Akk *busul kimri; 4- 1# Xiai3];
ib. 44; 46; 50; 41a(3); 2. cooked state: sg. xnVlJl
'TO xn^W Xn"?a xn^in xbiyin a third (of the fish)
in a cooked state, a third prepared by salting [i.e.
pickled], a third by roasting MQ lla(36); 3.
(uncertain): sg. XV&133 Dm Sab 79a(39) [of a
hide]
Geon. expl.: i 1# X1D13 [mng. 1]; rt>n ^1 X1TO 103 3iyW Tiyn
tm nt7j?i »3' m^it *?y ix 'spwa ^y lmx pwaVowB idb:i ^1731
Ar [AC 2:206] [mng. 3]; Y: '^13 Ber 40b(42; BAYTN 146).
J113 vb. to spend the night, remain overnight
(1 rr"3, XJV3; Sy ^ LS 63, Ma 7113 MD 57)
Pe. (a/i) 1. to spend the night: a. general: Tr>3
X3H spend the night here Er 52a(31); 7131 "?TX
X"IVT Xinri3 he went and spent the night at a
certain inn Tan 21a(42) // San 109a(2); ib.
63b(21); Ber 60b(56; P); Qid 29b(38); 7T"31 '71X
XJliyjas he used to come to spend the night in
the synagogue Er 74b(6; M); ib. 73a(38; Ed);
171X1 Xin 713'aV X71J71X Xlp'ya they originally
came with the intention of spending the night BQ

114b(54); ri"3 X3TI ... 133@Vp3 J13 xVlJ? XDX '3
TO when PN came he spent the night at GN.
Where are you spending the night? San 63b(22);
inmjma xaVy 'Vis in'3'3 let everyone spend the
night fasting [lit. in their fast] Tan 24b(31); X1?!
mo X131 V'TiX he did not recite the havdala and
spent the night fasting Pes 107a(12) [literary
borrowing; v. Dan 6:19]; b. in a fig. sense: 713
X3H *?D3 X3'7 (if) a lawsuit has lain (dormant)
overnight, the lawsuit has ceased to exist San
95a(27); 2. to remain overnight (of a corpse):
linaw na«n w nn rwab maw awn "tob'x mVi
it is impossible because of a corpse which
remains overnight (unburied) the two days of a
Sabbath of complete rest [i.e. the Sabbath and the
Day of Atonement] OHT RH 35:26
Af. to keep s.t. overnight: Xp TH 17133 DTOB1
fltb iT1? maa does one keep a corpse overnight
for the honor of a living person? San 47a(12)
NJT13 4 Xnyi3 n.
NTS* n.m. falcon (< MP baz hawk, falcon CPD
18); Sy r?v±, ,\-=> LS 63, Ma 2#X1X3 MD 46)
4- "IX'1X3, HXT3 '
Lit: Talshir, Fauna 242.
I"INT3 n.m. falconer (nisbe-form < I X13) 4- TJE?
'X13
T3T3 vb. to squander (V2# TT3; Sy vj=>v^> LS 64)
Pal.: X31BB llVs1? mi313 Dp he went (and)
squandered half of the money Ket 67b(46; V5)
N33T3 n.m. customs collector (< Mir *bajban
[< MP ba] tax CPD 16 + -ban guard ib. 17]; NP
bajban revenue collector PED 136) sg. Xinn
X3313 BB 167a(8; Es[corr.],Ar [AC 2:32]) [Var:
X33'J3 HHP 67:31]
Geon. exp].: fTCI T8TO TGAs42 151:8; expl. Ar: ty n:iann
D'SYI naiy iv OJon AC ib.; Lit: Geig, AAC 79; Tel 31; Y:
XJ'3T3 BAYTN 235.
NT1T3 n.m. plunderer (Vl#113; Sy K'iov^j LS
64) pi. 'Jim '11131 'T113 plunderers and plunderers
of plunderers Ket 112b(6) [expl. perh. lysV mm
Is 6:13; but cf: PI3J1I3 XHT )'ill3 nla^T TJ ib.
24:16]//San 94a(29)
Geon. expl.: Iiy INU'l 01X 'M V?V inp'l D'^TO 1X13'» iy
D'VyiOT 71X 1113'1 O'-WK B'V^TO OH San 489:28; Y: '1113 San ib.
1 # 'T3 vb. to debase (4- X3TTa, X'D13; JPA '13
DJPA 89, Sy ^ m -. LS 79, Ma XD3 MD 67) Pe.:
pass.part. sg.f. XTlV'B X'13 the matter is debased
Tern 7a(44); ib. 30b(55) [cf. 4- V'l]
Pa. 1. to show contempt: ]33T1 Xtfbv '13BT ]XB1
one who shows contempt for a messenger of the
scholars Yev 52a(20); msa "113 showing
contempt for a commandment Sab 22a(38); Ned
65a(13); Meg 13b(45); San 64a(35); 2. to
shame: n'B3X3 X'BIX '13fl X1? m XIDJ? 73 XTI'J
do not shame a pagan in the presence of a tenth
generation descendant of a proselyte jTj. 94a(39);
T'PI Va'13 n"TT3V '7W myaiiy '307 it is permitted
to shame one whose reputation is unsavory with
gitnel and sin Meg 25b(42) [cf. OHP ib. 81:12];
X'0mB3 m»BJ '1313 xpi he shames himself in
public San 26b(39)
Itpa. 1. to be shamed: '13'B xb 'XH1 '13'13 'X,7 this
one [i.e. who needs clothes] is shamed, and that
one [i.e. who needs food] is not shamed BB
9a(23); 2. to be humiliated: xn'3 X1? iri'X7 '3'H '3
na'37 mV xri'3 Xs? 'B3 mcnr 'n'm {{'arm)) m1?
just as does he not want her [i.e. his wife] to be
humiliated (in court), so he does not want her
heirs to be humiliated Ket 97b (24; V5)
Lit: Eps, PLA 142 [Pe.].
2#'T3 vb. to perforate, divide (4- Vyi3, X57P3;
Ma X13 MD 57, Sy ^.\_i3 LS 64) Pe. to
perforate: pass.part. X"!2 '3 xrma if the
gallbladder is perforated IHP 616:13; ib. 14; 15
Pa. to divide: "11X3 '137 X1H1 this (refers to
where) he actually divided [i.e. ate the usufruct
from a different field each year] BB 37a(5)
1#K31'T3 4-X31'l'3n.
[2#N3VT3 4- l#X3"l'3n.]
X3"T3 n.m. a hair covering or clasp (4- X3"iax)
pi. '3"13 Sab 57b(38) [expl. MH xa'BX'X garland
(o-tenna) Tib. 4:7 and expl. by 4- 'fins X'^3]
Lit: AAC 1, s.v. 3X; Y: 'Ji'l '3 Sab ib.
"I N3»'T3 4- X3B'l n.
J/T3 vb. to pierce, split (4- XJ/1'3, V2#'13; Sy
^.u^ LS 64, Ma X13 MD 57) Pe. 1. to pierce:
J7T3 apt X1H X3'307 XB7in it is the point of the
I knife that pierces (the slips) San 56a(19); ib. 16;
18; J713 X^J XSIDB a stylus pierces a rock AZ
22b(18); J?13 J/13'B XDnB a needle indeed pierces
(the skin) Hul 31a(22); ib. 17b(8) [4- l#XEhia];
49a(i2); KpanixV nynaV xysi xV?bb x'3p Vbsi
iTnim a pipe fell from the ceiling and nearly
pierced the membrane of his brain Ber 19a(8;
MGG 807:8); Ket 77b(22; MGG 226:5); 2. to
split: pass.part. X^TVT JH3 the bucket is split Hul
107a(9); HP 200:13; ib. 201:10; }H3 T7D '3 your
pillow is split Ber 56a(46; MGG 705:9)
Itpe. to be split: mnS'ff 5?13'X "?'3XpT '7H3 while
it was eating its lip was split Bek 36a(34); BM
97a(4) [a bucket]; H3T13 ri?W Hina1? 1C;BX XV
X'JXT '30'J pn 13H 'jrnnBT X"?'X it is impossible
for it to be proper sexual intercourse unless those
two sides of the 'furrow' [i.e. the womb] are not
split Anan 114:17
pT3 vb. to scatter, sow, shine (Sy ^ni^ pe., pa.
LS 64, Ma pi3 MD 58) Pe. (a/u) 1. to scatter:
pnaT XWb a term (designating) scattering Yom
22b(8; Ar [AC 2:34]) [expl. BH pi3 IS 11:8]; pi3
'tj mi '■?'} pa pia '3in nm xnsy pa he
scattered dust at them, and it turned into swords.
He scattered chaff at them, and it turned into
arrows San 108b(50; Ar [AC 2:33]); H'SXa pi!31
rwai XriDlpOX by IX scatter (the earth) in front
of him or on the threshold of his house HM
42:10; 2. to sow [Sy, PSm 505]: 'J?3"IX p!3B '3
X"?7"im '*I1'3 'l'"U like (the area of) the sowing of
forty grivs of mustard seed BB 73a(22; MEsH!)
[Var: p'l'3'a Ar (AC 2:33)]
Af. 1. to shine: J1pl3X (its eye) shone [i.e. it
became blind] BM 78b (31) [expl. MH np'-on
Mib. 6:3]; 2. perh. to see: xa'jDT XJV7'n3 npi3X I
saw regarding the king's fine wool ib.
Itpe. to be scattered: p!3'BT 'T» something
which is scattered Yom 22b(8) [expl. BH p.13 IS
11:8; L: Yia'ai'TB]
Lit: Friedman, BM VL145+, w. prev. lit. [mng. of Af.]; Lieb,
TK 9:25119.
N1T3, iat'3, abs. ITS, pi. nt'3, '3^3, '31]'3,
'31-IT3, '3'inT'3 n.m. seed (< Xyni 13 [cf. Sy i±
t<lLV seed LS 92]; 4- l#X3ni; Ma XT1X3, XTX3,
pi. X'JX"I1X3, X'JIIlXa seed MD 46, 47, Peh X713
= MP torn seed FiP 4:5 [v. ib. 65], > Arab jjj
seeds Fr, AF 138; cf. Sy t^\-=> linseed oil LS
65) sg.cs. XaXD'3 1131 ... xrf?'^ 113 fenugreek
seed, linseed AZ 38b(33; TGHark 23:24) [expl.
as ]TWS yill ... ]T)bT\ ym TGHark ib.]; det. X113
tafrbytn xim xjjtst xnm xosnai ^.(P1);
XIpT XT1'3 pumpkin seed Sab 103a(20; M); Xll'3
KT)U1 rocket seed Git 69b(25) [v. Geon. expl.
infra]; X710B0XT X11'3 alfalfa seed San 93a(29);
X1H Klibyt X113T for it is merely seed Pes
51b(15); Xni3 3'H' XWnX the tenant farmer gives
the seed BM 74b(35; Es); ib.(i6); bsil ]T3 Xni3
"?B3 when a seed has fallen it has fallen (and will
sprout) ib. 105a(22; HEs); Tarn 30a(2; V10); BB
18b(10; GTB2 216:5); ib.(\6; GTB2 216:12); pi.
ni'3 Hul 51b(38) [of flax]; '3113 aiya f\0V 3T
'111 PN used to mix seeds and sow Qid 39a(43;
O2); '3113 ma ITCH seeds had been put in it [i.e.
the utensil] BQ 19a(4); 'Jll'a Hul 60b(22);
'3X11'3 Bes 15a(5; V17); 'iV'XD '371'3 Tl"ai B'pJI
'mpl DHH '7«?1 he takes and brings seeds from
trees, he sows (them) there, and they sprout Git
68b(27) [Var: 'mi'3 SM 77:11, '31713 SMel
66:754]
Geon. expl.: Till in 113 OHT Git 157:11, i.e. _w>j*JI jji;
X1SDD yn 'BBDX KIT'S inn OH San 489:2; Lit: Nold, MG 55;
id., NB 57; Y: Xnt'3 San 93a(29; BAYTN 139).
[N31T3 4- X113 n.]
N^in3 n.m. stirrer (4- Vtfm; Sy «LLimA
co'al shovel LS 66) sg. ma Tim X73 '3 'imai
XB?iri3 (the demon) looks like a jug in which a
stirrer turns around Pes lllb(27); pl.cs. 'ttnrn
X7D stirrers of a jug i/>.(TGAs42 164:12)
Y: XBra Pes ib.(BAYTN 77).
T>n3 adj. chosen, choice, select (4- Vtt13 pe.,
pass.part., xrwna; TA XTI13 TJ 2S 21:6, Sy
r?\ . .j -■ LS 65, Ma TH3 MD 53) sg.m. XTO3
Tpwx rn0>na mam iiac^six niona he fed you
choice meat and gave you choice wine to drink
Bo 58:11; pl.m. p'na ... px"?a chosen angels
ib. 48:5; 'Tna '3XB XBD3T '111 good, select silver
zuzim SSHai 4a(7); ib. 9; TGAs27 33:14
NflTrn n.f.pl. the Tractate 'Ediyot (lit. the
'Choice Ones'; 4- Tn3; MH2 mrm J 155; cf. Ma
xirrm ma temple MD 63) xrwrm ]3m V'xin

•ra
196
KJTB3
T • T
ITTIIS since we have learnt in 'Ediyot like him Ber
27a(27); ib. 39; Qid 54b(49); Bek 26a(25)
Geon. expl.: nny fOOD XH3 ITT xm'ra LPT 149:16; RaH:
nnnaia n'ma^n pw xrrvna nxnpj wry rooa xrrrna
Hiran too JVB31JM OHR Ber 32:26. Lit: Eps, MNM 992
[pseudo-translation of JYTTy as if pronounced nVTJ*, pi. of
n'T?]; Y: KflTna fler 27a(27; BAYTN 172).
IMS vb. to choose (4- "ITU, xrvTrl3; Sy i »j -n pe.
LS 65, Ma 1#TI3 MD 53) Pe. ( /a): Tia KJ11 po
X3'aB?W go up a level (and) choose a best man
Yev 63a(37); 'III 'Jn ,!7 Irl3 choose these znzwn for
me HP 79:25
Pa. to choose, select: nwia XianX 'TIT 'an'
713B3 n'^ '"insai they invest the money for wine
in Tisri and select it in Tevet BM 73b(14); ]Xai
Vox ix p'2E;i nnaai Vwi irnai n's .tV pipai
3Bia rpai'3 hnaT 'Xa1? n'V one to whom they
bring fruit and he chooses and eats or chooses
and leaves or eats it, what he chose for that day
is all right TGDr49 99:7
"j?nrn 4- -pnna prep.
t?na vb. to stir, shake, search (4- XBhrU; Akk
buhhusu to stir CAD B 185, s.v. be'esu, Sy
r ■'« *-■ to stir, agitate LS 66, Ma BHia to search
MD 54) Pe. 1. to stir: X"ITp ]Vm ]W1 3YT nvU3
TT'Ta PN's daughters used to stir the (boiling)
pot with their hands Git 45a(36); ib. 49; '»Dri 'Vai
XYJpfl) XB^na in the language of the scholars [i.e.
JBA] 'she stirs the bowl' GC 143:1 // ib. 130:2
[expl. rmpa nD'jai MMakh 5:11 and expl. as
Arab jSSJI tfljis]; rwnTl let him stir it Git
69b(l; OHT ib. 156:8) [v. Geon. expl. infra]; Sab
I40a(i3); 2. to shake: erra xp man -jxVd xnx
'jV'Xa the Angel of Death came (and) was
shaking the trees Sab 30b(5; M); 3. to search [w.
by for s.o.J: KlVVa pax x"nx before they are
lost, I search (for them) ib. 152a(10; Ar [AC
2:37]); 21lb n'V XJrDWI XWrm iy until I can
search and find the thief BM 5b(36; V22); ib.
86a(22; Es); 'B?n3 Xp '3 niM X3'n XJH3 3T 'J?T X1?
iT»SJ nJT mrawx n,!?y they did not know where
PN was. While searching for him, they found out
that he had died BQ 117a(50); ib. 97b(13); 'tfnai
'T3 'TO H'Vy they will search for it in many
wells/pits Ber 56a(38; MGG 704:16)
Geon. expl.: i13")ru OHT Git ib., i.e. lilji to set in motion; Lit:
Geig, AAC 81.
NB3, KBN3 n.m. a thorn back fish (< p6Vro<;,
P<m<; Lehnw 136) pi. 'B3 'B3 AZ 39a(34) [local
designation of 4- xmnx; Var: '15X3 M]
Lit: Low, Fauna 13; Y: 'WO AZ ib.
N31B3 n.m. bundle, bunch (etym. unknown) pi.
'JIM T3J? NJJT3 flax made into bunches Hul
51b(38; V11)
[Kroua 4- xn'tja n.]
nU3 vb. to trust, assure (< BH 1# nD3 HAL 116)
Pe.: H'1? XiVO' !"ya nua Xpl "TXin since he trusts
in idolatry, I can overcome him Tan 22b(6)
Af. to assure: n^> 'p£>» 'XII mnuaXT |V3 since
they assured him, they will certainly release him
(from prison) Pes 91a(ll; C); 7)3XVl "fr "|ro3X
TIXT XatyV he assured for you and your father
the world to come San 98a(51)
7'B3 adj. void, annulled, eliminated (4- V?D3
?a«f/-form; Sy -^ V-; \ 7. LS 67) sg.m. XB'l
Xin X^'B3 it is a void ge? S&fcw 15a(20); ib.
15b(10); pl.m. ]UX p'D3 SS/fai 5b(13); 16.
16a(3); SSSad 244:25; Dec 10:18; pi'3» pTTTD
],17,D31 all of them [i.e. the magical acts] are
annulled and void Bo 56:10; ib. 90b:3; xV) '3'Wl
'V'BS they are important and are not annulled Zev
72a(6); f. n'mwnai n3J xn' ntnaitm ixa 'xn
p'tsa 'nr?y p»nan "?a 'axn 'd'xi f7'B3 one who
(is born) under Saturn is a man whose intentions
will be eliminated. Some say: Whatever people
think about him will be eliminated Sab 156a(41)
NV'tja n.m. loss of time (4- V?B3; cf. Sy
•s i V \ -^ idleness LS 66, Ma X3x"7D13 MD 54)
sg. 'Xb'DS "IAX the wage of my loss of time Ket
105a(38); ib. 34; 35; rD1!3 X^T X^'BS 'V>a 'M
rDIDT X^'B3 XJ"lp this refers to an unproven loss
of time. With regard to PN, it is a proven loss of
time Ket 105a(37)
Y: K^B? Ket ib.
N3'p3 adj.f. pregnant (4- V]B3; Sy •«'': \ - LS
67, Ma l'BX3 MD 47) sg. 10 XriZMlX XJlVjJIin
XXU'tJS when a black hen is pregnant BM 86b(30;
MGG 296:3) [F1: xn'JD3; H: Xn'JtJ3 D3]
Nfl'B3 n.f. type of container (Sy r^Ai'» \ -n jug
■?t33
197
'?^P?
LS 66, > Arab ^ti: PLAr 38; cf. Akk batu a
platter or container CAD B 178, NP badiya large
deep jug ped 141) sg. <i)i]imx imp nin 'Vsm
n'DX3 Vxyaiff'' iw"73i xnomtn 'atxa this utensil
[i.e. O'SD M§ab 17:6] is called b. in Aramaic and
65r/ya in Arabic TGHark 104:30
Lit: DNWSI 150; Fr, AF 73; GClntr 29.
"?t33 vb. to cease, cease to exist, be invalid
(4- b'03 adj., X^'En, XJV03, xVlD'a; Sy ,\ \,-» LS
66, Ma VD3 MD 58) Pe. (e/e) 1. to cease,
abstain: 3m man V'DS PN's sexual desire
ceased Sab 152a(44); X1? TOX» ^'D3 H'3m nns»
V'DS (if he has children) he may abstain from
procreation. He may not abstain from (living
with) a wife Yev 61b(49); 2. to cease to exist,
vanish: 'ttmax 'VB3 'TH' ,!?D3 'X if the haughty
cease to exist (among the Jews), the magian
priests will cease to exist (among the Persians)
San 98a(37) // Sab 139a(24); '"7D31 HT© nax
(the angels) recite a song of praise and cease to
exist Hag 14a(l 1); xn VD3 KH n3 (if) a lawsuit
has lain dormant overnight, the lawsuit has
ceased to exist San 95a(27); -|Vmn3 ]a l^BS'T
"]TUt>J ra that (those demons) should vanish
from PN Bo 13:2; n'n'3 ]'» IplSI 1^'Da vanish
and go out of his house ib. 7:15; Tpiyi I'pSJ
TyVaD'ai I'bosi they go out, flee, vanish, and are
smitten ib. 64:19; 3. to be idle: Xp 'am 'Ornx
ITpwa "7'D3 in the meantime he is idle from
doing business 5M32b(9); 4. to be invalid, void,
annulled: XD'J V,D3''1? let the get be annulled Git
34a(19); yau/a V'tm'1? Vb31 xna'aV should it be
said that "?D3 (in the barraita) means 'it will be
annulled'? ib. 32a(29); H3TI3 I^BS'JI let them be
annulled by the majority Zev 72a(5); Hul
100a(2); ^'D3 X1? «]^X3 l"?SX pTM "b WW n3T V31
anything for which there are means to permit it
is not annulled even by a thousand times (its
quantity) Bes 3b(22); nVettT XT3y XmiSI the
figure (on the coin) is apt to be annulled BM
45b(16) [v. Rashi]; Ket 3b(20); "laV rryTIX ]Xa
HT\yn n"7D31 10'p rpaT 'Xnv who has informed
PN that the emperor has died and the decree has
been annulled? Sab 33b(35); HP 166:7; iSGF
95:4; ,!?B3 X^l '3'OT n'Vo 'SI1? n'X'S fringes
relative to a garment are significant and are not
annulled Sab 139b(12); Hag 26b(29); Zev
73a(16); V'BXS XTiana n,!7 V'B3a TD when he
annuls it [i.e. the moda'a] orally it is void
TGHark 139:10; i& 113:18; 166:1; 167:2
Pa. 1. to make void, annul: 'TITX1? rrnyn ]T>3
nV V'DS '''riDS 'Xll since his intention was to
convert, he surely made it [i.e. the idolatry] null
and void AZ 64a(25); Sab 112b(37); Er 67a(23);
Hul 121a(19); V'EQ X1? ,TI7 V'DSaT J"yx even
though he makes (the homes) void it is not void
Pes 45b(12); ib. 6b(54); '3aV ID'TITOI ib'Ba l^'T
in go (and) annul your domain for the sake of
one person Er 63b(24); XD'l ^'D31 ]Xai one who
annulled a get Yev 52a(19); Git 32a(16); Ara
21b(25); SSHai 9b(2); TGHark 139:12; ^a xV
x"7p they do not nullify a rumor Git 81a(ll);
Xnxiim nriXIDT 'VlDS1? to annul verifications and
proofs SSHai 9a(13); Dec 10:18; 2. to abolish,
shut down: xrvfr'aob m"?D3 they abolished ritual
immersion Ber 22a(42); Git 36b(17); ,1?1B3,7
XD3B/ to abolish the Sabbath iSGF 95:1; H^IBS1?
xnnssDiB1? ns T"paT ]xa 'iraVi n'ona"? to shut
down (the academy of) GN and whoever remains
in it should come to GN2 ib. 117:4; 3. to remove:
xnawna '^sai X3'1?1? 'Vya 'jxo'3 •'in the A:.-dish
is beneficial for the heart and removes (bad)
thoughts Er 29b(42); nrp3 ;ai nra xot? nbva xn
TTUVJ D3 "]n3in3T I have removed you from her
and from the house of PN Bo 13:6; ib. 8:13
Af. to cause s.o. to be idle: X211p (np "toxi
xm'i XB,p3 xvrv naj ■•sbn -lO'Vn V'oaa xpT
XWDa they slandered him that he caused 12,000
men to be idle, one month in the summer and one
month in the winter iSGS 87:3
Itpe. 1. to be idle: 'Tia "llVx1?! 'blDS'xV p"na
X3DK/ they are required to be idle (from the study
of Torah) and to accompany the corpse (for
burial) Geon 121:19; 2. to be removed: nrri
xxiV'1? '333 Tia -p-nvj p nra pmn'n boan'm
Xri'jaaai may the lilith and the m.-demon depart,
be removed, and be far away from PN Bo 12:2
'3Vp3 n.pl.m. idlers (4- VVB3; TA I'tftoS pi. TO
Ex 5:8; cf. Sy "'^Xt idle LS 67) P1- ,Tn i713
Xpwa X3'X '^03 naa go out and see how many
idlers there are outside Ber 17b(41); Pes 51b(25);
ib. 55a(16)

l»a
198
2#'3
The sg. form is nowhere attested in the Jewish A or H dialects.
Lit: Gross, Patterns 57; Y: X^B3 Ber ib.(BAYTN 229).
]t33 vb. to be pregnant (4- XJPD3 adj., XJB3,
XmB3; Sy y\, -. LS 67, Ma ]D3 MD 58) Pe.:
Him Bo 84:14
The mng. here is uncertain [v. MSF 130].
1# N3U3 n. womb (4- V]B3; TA X3D3 Ju 13:5] sg.
'axi XJB33 'XWX1 XJ'll >]"3 I would bend my
head over in my mother's womb OHT Ber 46:12
2#K3t33 n.m. a permitted bird (etym. unkn.)
pi. '3CJ3//H/63a(ll)
Y: XJB3 Hul ib.(BAYTN 77).
K3|l3p3 n.f. pregnant woman (4- V]D3 pe.,
parti.det; Sy rr" ( \, 7., rc^' \\ -, LS 67, Ma
XrU'»X3 MD 47) sg. xmV'1 xmD33 concerning a
pregnant woman and one who gives birth Bo
78:12
N1B3 n.m. a measure (etym. unkn.) sg. XlVaD
XTim X1D3 a full b.-measure in an ox Hul 50b(3;
V»V12Ar [AC 2:43]); pi. XTIJ13 '1D3 J731X A.
76a(30; V")
Expi. Ar: -mxi D':i x"aw] am nine 'w^a Nine '3 >nB3 n""i ''B
. myaxx 'i xno3 wrna lrra km n^ap -ny AC ib.
#B3 vb. to kick, stomp (4- XWD'3, Vwm; Ma
WB3 MD 59) Pe.: a. w. dir. obj.: p'Tn Xp xm
1WD31 nrtMl do we not, in fact, see that (an
animal) bites and kicks? Ber 61a(ll); man XJ1X
XJ1W1? nwtJ31 the ass came and kicked over the
lamp Sab 116b(15); b. w. "3 s.o./s.t.: n'3 WB3 he
kicked him (as a rebuke) Sab 156a(10); Svu
30b(27); ,T3 ,1WB3 £r 54a(l); H3 WB31 X131 Xl.in
(n'13m) nriSD33 a certain man who kicked
another's money chest BQ 62a(27)
Pa. to stomp: 'W1B31? ,1'IIXI he hired him to
stomp (on the cloth to soften it) BQ 99a(21; Es);
ib. 23
1# '3 n. group of ... (etym. uncertain; perh. 4- '3
prep, or i 1#XJV>3 cs.) w. fol. num.: a. two [cf.
'"lira perh. with two (hands) TSab 6:17]: pri'3
Kar 24a(18); nri'31 xmill X',1,1 a certain well
belonging to two people 5g 27b(26); nrai X^TS
TU? the fortune of two people (in business) is
better (than that of one) BM 105a(14); nri'3 1J1X1
mwnDXl two (witnesses) came and contradicted
him [i.e. the previous witness] Yev 93b(26); Xinn
nn'3 n'ty Win mm X1BW a certain writ upon
which two (witnesses) were signed BB 57a(l;
HPP 202:17); nra nty TXJ'a Xp Tim (a certain
trap) over which two people were quarreling BQ
ll7a(28); wvaib xo'i "Dra'1? )yra nn '3 let
two of you write a gef for his wife Git 66a (44);
nn '3 'n peJ llla(24); Git 52a(3l); nra man
5M 117a(18); 'J'lnx nra two others Yom
83a(15); b. three: KnVn '3 '3,1 A/g 16a(32); '3
'jnnx njr>n Afg I6a(43); '3 pxi nrfrn '3 wx
nn they are three and we are two San 93a(44);
xjT>n '3i xaiaixa n~m 'ai xnaix 'jxw the
estimate of ten (men) is different from the
estimate of three (men) Ara 19b(43); Git
71b(34); AW45a(2); 55 106b(20); San 25b(45);
/fZ 72a(25); c. four: ,1J/31X '3 AZ 72a(26); d.
five: XWan '3 HG2 144:7; e. ten: may '3 T,'J3a
he assembles together ten (men) /foa/i 112:3;
,1iwy3 ib. 113:15; 5er 30a(51); '3 '"? WX pIB
niwy go out (and) bring me a group often (men)
BB 142b(21); Sab 152b(l); Er 63b(28); So?
47a(35); BQ 60b(28); 55 12b(17); San 39a(35);
Zev 92a(10); Men 40a(6); f. hundred: '3 p'ln 'D
,11Wy ,1iwy I'1? p'BK'lipba nxa when we were a
group of a hundred, we used to gather ten (pieces
of fruit) apiece for him Ber 44a(ll); Yom
83a(22); Yev 88a(12)
Lit: Nold, MG 1944, derives this mng. from i '3 prep. [e.g. '3
'in as 'zwei zusammen' etc.]. This, however, is uncertain, and
an alternative possibility is that the present word in an expanded
semantic development of '3 house of, cs. of I l#xn'3; Voc:
'W3HGP25b:l.
— 'SflTiP '3 n.m. partnership (lit. group of
partners; 4- XBTIIW) sg. XTIp X1? 'DJ1W '31 XITp
xa'an X^l a pot of a partnership is lukewarm [lit.
neither cold nor hot] Er 3a(50) // BB 24b(24)
Y: 'ffiTllW 'J Er ib.
2#'3, T1'3 n.m. bet, the second letter of the
alphabet (Sy b^? LS 56) sg. '33 31 n'"7 'Wai
Rav pronounces it [i.e. 1B13p MYom 1:6] clearly
with bet Yom 19b(25); XfiVn tfb 3WJ mm Xin.1
,i"iwi xi n"iw '3i nnrx1? -mrbpv "?ix xo'iisa
XO'IIBI a certain person who had (a deed) in
which was written XD'11B3 XfiVn 'a third part in
a vineyard.' He proceeded to remove the upper
3#'3
199
-!3'3
portions of the bet (in the word X0'11B3), made
it into a waw, and made it into XO'IIBI 'and the
vineyard' BB 167a(17; HP 67:23); BMsG 19:33;
BMsN 32:1; fl'3 n'B BQ 55a(16) [letters seen in
a dream]
Lit: Ros, TI50; 11340
3# '3 1 1# XJI'3 n. cs.
'3 adj. good, better (< Mir *bi [cf. MP weh CPD
89, NP bih PED 209]) only as first element in
GN's, e.g. TW11X '3 Git 6a(36); 113© '3 Ber
59b(ll)
Lit: Eshel, JSB 36.
'3 prep, between, among (< 4- ]'3 prep.; 4- 1#'3
n.) a. general: may '3 -]WXlV nwtn I saw your
head between the pillars Yev 78a(49); X371X XIX
'niD '3 "Xp p3ia a s.m. went (and) was standing
among the caper shrubs Pes lllb(17); 'am '3
'Jill among the prickly shrubs and the thistles San
94a(50); TX13 '3 iTOTPX '•y '3 IH'X he is among
the gourds, and his wife is among the b. -plants
Sot 10a(24) // Meg 12a(48) [prov.; i.e. both of
them are sexually promiscuous]; b. area between:
XE?n 'pTS '3 (the area) between the 'joints' of
the head Mak 21a(9); X3pi 'pi'B '3 (the area)
between the 'joints' of the beard i'2>.(10)
Lit: Eps, Gr 137.
- Nraij? '3 adv. in the meridian (4- XJip; lit.
between the corners) "Xp XDXJPp '3 n>V at the
sixth (hour, the sun) is in the meridian Pes
12b(18)
Y: Nr0-Ij?3 Pes ib.
- '33'tf '3 Sab 109b(24)
The mng. of this phrase and its exact rdg. are uncertain; v. Ar,
AC 8:8, s.v. 53B; Geig, AAC 389; Y: '33'B '3 Sab ib.
- '#P't? '3, '#8#'3 n.m. Friday evening (lit.
twilight; 4- Xtf&'tf; cf. Sy ^tmy. ^_i^p Ex
30:8 [H D'3iyn ti], MH immvn ]'3 J1602) sg.
'Iin '1H3 isra Xp Tin WP '3 "73 they used to
quarrel among themselves every Friday evening
Git 52a(31); n'ri'31? '31 'T1X mn 'E»a'» '3 "?3 PN
used to come home every Friday evening Ket
103a(46); ib. 62b(24; V5); '£>att> '31 ms'tt; Vp
the sound of the shofars of Friday evening AZ
70a(30) [indicating the onset of the Sabbath];
■'bynb -[in1? xim 'xa xraw 'tyaa ^i^a^i xs'a1?
xra© 'piBxbi xrau;1?! '»an; '3Vi xnsa; (one is
required) to bake and to cook from Friday what
they will have (to eat) on Friday, Friday evening,
the Sabbath, and Saturday night Anan 71:15;
Xratyi X1BS31 'WnW'331 on Friday evening and
on Sabbath morning ib. 38:14; AnanMann 2v:10;
WW (]1'3 nnn t>2p^ WW '3 I^B'1?! they
could have immersed themselves on Friday
evening and received the Torah on Friday evening
Sab 86b(6) [* XmttH X1BS ib. 8]; ri? X'BIJl'X
'Wa'B/ '33 n^'SD her immersion (for her
menstrual cycle) fell on Friday night HP 136:23
[= GeonH KM 3iy HR 103:25] = HG3 343:46;
NDGR 87:1; Wtf '31 XWH'p the qiddus-prayer
of Friday evening Ber 43b(54) // 5afe 113b(15);
xV (xnawi) 'tyaws^i xnb'a m"? xccsi xsni
n'T?'y 'dip1? xian n^ 'aina if the matter is
clear to him that no wine will be available to him
on Friday evening over which to make the qiddus
IHP 562:11 [fol. by XraiS 'Vyai xnnra Friday
afternoon ib. 12; v. ib. 331]; WW '31 X'^
Friday night Yom 29b(16) // Men 100b(l); pi.
WW '3 Xrf?n three Friday evenings Git 52a(32)
This phrase app. derives from an original NrOEH ,2?0,C? '3*
'twilight of the Sabbath' [i.e. Friday evening]. From the exx. in
the texts, it is clear that a period of time in the evening is meant,
though its exact extent cannot be determined. In light of the
JBA form, there seems to be no reason to doubt the authenticity
of the Sy form [contra LS 68, s.v. rslx-SaH Ju-ra; id., GVG
2:58]; Y: '»nt? '3 Ket 103a(46).
N'3 n.m. bee (uncertain) sg. X'31 XW311 bee
honey HG1 101:32
The P etym. given by Eps, Stl 249, is incorrect.
N3'3 n.m. canal (?) pi. '3'3 xVl xa' a sea without
canals Bo 78:6
'3'3 n.f. sister (< Mir *bibi [cf. NP bibi lady,
wife PED 215]) sg. '3'3 {'3D <')(l}rr>D1 DW
OninV IIXp m^p because all of them [i.e. the
wife of the mother's or father's brother] are called
'older sister' Yev 21b(24; OHT ib. 30:25)
Lit: Ros, YalonVol29123.
13'3 n.m. vivarium (< PiP&piov, Lat vivarium
Lehnw 148) sg. 1331? nCW'PIW'1? XD^aX '3XT1 "?3
n'"?3X X*7 133^ m'lW let them put anyone who
bests the king (in a dispute) into the vivarium\

"T3
200
kj/ps
They put him into the vivarium, and (the wild
animal) did not devour him San 39a(33)
Y: XT3'3 BAYTN 140.
-T3, -I NT3 4. XT n.
njn'3 n. (uncertain) sg. nyra max1? m? mx
DTI JU'iaa D'"inXi XT3 his father has ... in the
possession of others overseas TGAs28 28b: 17;
nyXT33tf>. 30b: 16
The rdg. nyT3 is also possible.
NJ7T3 n.m. torrent of water (< Akk bitqu
opening [sluice] of a canal, diverting of water
CAD B 277; cf. butuqtu flood, sluice channel ib.
356; I V2# pT3; cf. Ma XpT3 breach MD 59) a.
alone: sg. NpTJT XTIJX a channel of a torrent San
7a(19); pi. 'pT3 TP3W torrents are common £>
21a(18); b. w. V?p© to carry (away of a torrent):
1) Pe.: ,TjriX3 Xp73 Vp«/ XJTO 3T a torrent carried
away (the crops) in PN's field BB 41a(24) [cf.
Akk: butuqtum surdutum makkura usarda the
sweeping flood swept away the property CAD ib.
357]; ib. 15; H'jnxa XpT3i XTU'X xpP XTn he
saw that a channel of a torrent carried away (the
crops) in his field Hul 105a(41); X'm Xp3 XIIX
TIHy Hy? rbpV a torrent of water came (and)
carried away the best land BM 66b(34) [cf. Akk
me butuqti CAD ib.]; xpT3 bpVti IHP 597:5
[= GeonH *pwi) iru HR 6:19]; 2) Af.: ]Xa 'XH
x'ai xj7T»3 rrVy V'pwxi man rriBDi one who
tied up another and caused a torrent of water to
carry him away Hul 16a(8; V") // San 77b(37);
3) Itpe.: X"m XpT3 V'prW'Xi J113 W '3'H
IT? XpOHT ,TTH7 X1H n31D '3H "Vm J"yx XJHX3
r? x'n njn xrra xne>n nrnwai rrrvrn mn ponty
what are the circumstances (concerning "?5? T13a
njnn MBer 9:5)? If, for instance, a torrent swept
through a field. Even though it is afterwards good
for him [i.e. the owner], since it deposits alluvial
soil all around and improves it, nevertheless now
it is bad for him Ber 60a(20; P)
Geon. expi.: in nYmh nan an xj>T3i xirx^> 'axi x-u'n 'xn
TGAs42 153:14. Lit: Geig, AAC 78; Y: XjTra San 7a(19;
BAYTN 109).
N31'3 n.m. type of head covering (etym. unkn.;
4- XJ1330) sg. BB 146a(30; HP'SMel 50:208)
K'31'3 n.m. an unclean bird (etym. unkn.) sg.
Hul 62b(33)
1# NT'3 n.m. booty (Vl# TT3; TA XT'3 TJ Nah 3:1,
Sy rc'&U? LS 64, Ma X71P3 MD 60) sg. Bo 5:3
2# Nt'3 4- XJrt'3 n.
NJT'3 n.m. bundle (etym. unkn.) sg. T3JM SIM
X1P3 straw and it is made into a bundle Hul
52a(2; VnAr [AC 2:32])
Expl. Ar: nV'3n AC ib.
[N31P3 i xyt'3 n.]
N3i'T'3, N3VT3 n.m. disgrace, type of demon
(4- Vl#'T3; JPA ]1'T3 DJPA 89, MH2 ]i'J3 Gross,
Patterns 15; cf. Sy rdLLm^p LS 79) 1. disgrace:
sg. .Tsui xrna 'so .t? «py wrm xira a
person prefers (avoidance of) disgrace over
(preservation of) his bodily comfort San 45a(32);
ib. 34; X1H mS3 0W» IX X1H X3TT3 0W» mi3p is
burial because of disgrace or because of
atonement? ib. 46b(41); Naz 29a(17); pi. Tin?!}
'JTP31 "Wp all the harsh statements and
disgraces TGAs28 27b:5; 2. type of demon: sg.
XJTP3 Bo 106:5
Y: XJi'13 BAYTN 260.
'7P3 n.m.pl. suburbs (JPA 7"T3 DJPA 89) 'Xa
'1X3 703 ... 'VP3 'Xa '7P3 Xn'TW what is ,TT»»
[TBB 3:5]? Suburbs. What are 'suburbs'? Parcels
of land of the rural areas BB 68b(15)
Y: 'Vl'3 BB ib.(BAYTN 109).
KJJT'3, NT'3, pi. 'J/T'3, 'P?» '3T3, '31T'3 n.m.
crevice, crack, perforation, hole, tear (4- \Vl3,
V2#'!3, XDP3; Ma 4#X1X3, XJ1P3 crevice, hole
MD 46, 60, Sy «lLu? LS 64, rfui cracks
around the eyes PSmSup 51)1. crevice: sg. 'inx
x-imp ma p'sa xp mm xyp3 '? he showed me
a crevice out of which smoke was emerging San
110a(54) // BB 74a(20); pi. '13 '171 two crevices
San 110a(54; Ar [AC 2:30]); 2. crack: sg. nnXT
XJ?P33 she stuck it into the crack Sab 156b(23;
V); XEH3 XJTT3 H'3 mm there was a crack in the
door AZ 70a(5); ». 7; //«/ 95b(14; V11); 3.
perforation: sg. xjh'i /fl> 201:12(HPP 303:21);
XP3 HPQ 222:2; X(P)CI}3 b'TKl X'T3 '3 X3'7
'XU 'X7JT7 when the stomach is perforated, and
NfiT'3
201
r?
the perforation reaches the inner /.-parts IHP
616:14; 4. hole, slit: pi. 'piDXI 'Vl$?X iTO'»
'3XP)('T)33 (regarding) the bed frame there is
inserting (of the ropes) in and out of the slits Ned
56b(16; Ar [AC 2:31]) // San 20b(6; Ar [AC ib.])
[HeF2: '3133]; UWtt\ XT1X DIM 'J1P3 H'3 T3JH
xVsn he makes holes in it [i.e. the chicken coop]
for air and wind TGAs42 158:13; S. tear: pi.
,J?T3 '5N3 rrT,r3"'({17)l rVXT XWISV a garment which
has various tears (for inserting a scalpel) Tan
21b(37)
Lit: Geig, AAC 1, s.v. ,3N; 79; Y: Kyi? Hul 95b(l4; BAYTN
109).
NJIT'3 n.f. crevice (4- XJ?P3) sg. XDP3 wm San
110a(54; Ar [AC 2:31])
N^n'3 n.m. armpit (metath. < XTPtf '3; JPA JV3
H"n'» DJPA 95; cf. Sy r^uT. armpit LS 768,
rdi_u_=i curve ib. 66 [Lex]) sg. 'OT3 'mn 'rOTTIX
she placed it under (her) armpit 5an 39a(14; M);
,TOT3 TiM) nip Wpl 3T 'N.TI a gonorrheal man is
holding a reed under his armpit HG3 260:27 = Ar
[AC 2:37] [expl. 3T"?2? IBaip Nid 43a(l)]; pi.
'mm iT«?n'3 rrmn xximxi n'2;n'3 'mn xi3i3
m(n)ni in a man (this means) under his armpits;
in a woman, under her armpit or under her
breast GC 96:5 [expl. MH D'DBp MNeg 6:8]
Lit: TMW 1:210; Y: NOT? San ib.
N^tS'3 n.m. abolition, annulment (< MH VlD'3
Yeivin, BV 956; 4- V"?t33) sg.cs. Xjma "?1D'3
annulment of a moda'a TGHark 139:9; SSSad
161:12; Geon 251:5; det. xVlD'3 1'jy1? concerning
the annulment (of idolatry) AZ 47b(21); Vria 'a
xb ix xap xjnia nos'aV xVid'3 "xn is this
annulment effective to impair the validity of the
first m.-document or not? TGHark 164:26
Y: KOTO'S BAYTN 225.
Nttto'3 n.m. stomping (4- VtfD3 pa.; Ma xnttnB'3
kick MD 60, Sy ^y\?^ LS 68) sg. man
nya3 X^O'3 XiyD'3 'WD'31? he hired him for
stompings (on the cloth for softening), each
stomping for a me'ah BQ 99a(21) // BM
112a(40; V22)
Geon. expl.: [XtJ'yla XWB'a W1TB1 Inyanot 203b: 11; Y: XWB'3
BAYTN 109.
N'^3 interj. injustice (< (Ma GLLT 68; Sy ^ • -^
LS 68, JPA n"3 DJPA 95) X"3 X"3 injustice,
injustice! Yom 69b(17) // San 64a(8) [expl. BH
bm Vip3 Ip^Pl Neh 9:4]; 7ev 97b(10)
Y: VT3 Yom ib.
T*3 adj. uncultivated, fallow, n. uncultivated
field (I V-113 qattal-form; Sy k'-U^j LS 63; cf.
TA T3 bm TO Dt 21:4) I. adj.: pl.m. 'T'3 xVl
'S'3nn the /.-fields are not fallow Tan 6b (29; O);
II. n.: sg.m. X1X'3 p'DS'X an uncultivated field
was interposed BM 105b(40; Es); xnx'33 in (the
case of) a fallow field BB 168a(19; TGAs42
151:11) [P1: XYX'n33]
Geon. expl.: yv nTQOT 'B^a OHT Tan 10:4.
JV»3 adj. having Iain overnight (4- Vm3 qattal-
form) pl.m. 'iax TIX'3 X'B3 X3X I said: "With
water having lain overnight" Pes 42a(19; C); HP
14:2
l?'3 n.m. lord (< Akk belu CAD B 191; Ma
2#V'3 MD 60) sg. 'nVx b'3 »'J'X V'3 lord of
mankind (?), lord of the gods Bo 36:10
— '38"? 7'3 n.m.cs. one who knows foreign
languages (< Akk bel lisani CAD L 215 [NA];
1 XJEpV) sg. ^Wb "7('1'3 Men 65a(9) [expl. BH
1$>3 Neh 7:7]
Lit: M. Fuchs, Lesonenu 41 [1977] 75.
K'aiV'3 4- X31'"?'3
N3V7'3 n.m. seal in a ring' (etym. unkn.) sg.
X3T7'3 X"D ... XpJSWin X'3lV'3 seal of a signet
ring Git 58a(16; Ar [AC 2:99])
Expl. Ar: njntj 'tv onin AC ib. [cf. NpjBtmT m-m at
ib.(V18)]; Lit: Krauss, TAr 1:661953 [no etym.]; Y: KJV1?? Git
ib.(Mo 109).
NOiM'3 n.m. pedestal for an idol (< pco^o*;
Lehnw 150, w. dissim. of -o-o- > -i-o-\ MH2
Dia'3 J 162, Sy r^ m ^no^=> LS 78) sg. 3'Tl'X
xa'JS XDia'3X he sat down on a broken pedestal
AZ 53b(44)
Y: XBB'3 BAYTN 165.
]'3 prep, between, whether (4- '3 prep., '3'3
prep., X'3'3, -ni'3, -m'3B; Sy A, i . -A h\ * -p LS
68, Ma "nX3'3, ri'3 MD 61) only in sequences: a.
"V ... pa between x and y [cf. Ma: nV'T X':'3X
11X1X3X7 between him and Abatur MD 4; Nold,
MG 362]: 'aVy 'Via1? H'1?'! ]<2 between him and

1#N3'3
202
'J'3 '3'3
everyone else Ket 77b(38); X}T\xb X'a© p
between the sky and the ground San 95a(48); Tan
25b(39); b. p ... pwhether/either ... or: 1) w.
fol. n./pron./adj.: '»J pi '131 |'3 whether men
or women Suk 28a(42); X11J "?3 pi XJTO |'3
X"liy'3i either a lamp or any burning fire Anan
69:19; ,T'I3 p31 Kin p whether with it [i.e. the
laver] or with its water ib. 35:16; p X831X |'3
XpTP p Xivn whether black or white or yellow
AZ 33b(36); 2) w. fol. vb./Jl'X: p p'O H3 Jl'N ]'3
P'O m fl'V whether it has an identifying sign or
does not have an identifying sign BM 22b(16);
BB 174b(44); XI'VrlXT pi J1TO33 XT^rwn |'3
JTUT3 whether she was born legitimately or
illegitimately Anan 99:3; 3) w. fol. prep.: p
yyvb yi 'TlV whether according to me or
according to you Git 83b(12); BQ 3b(14); Hor
13b(42); XyiXl 'J'3T3 pi 'T1X3T 'J'3T3 p
whether in the sale of houses or in the sale of a
field SSHai 7a(20); XBB'3 pi X'^'Vs p whether
by night or by day BB 6b(19); lib pi naV p
whether according to you or him Ara 22a(44); p
XiainV p xVip^ whether (he decided the law) in
a lenient fashion or in a strict one Nid 24b(18);
•hvhvti ]0 pi 'ypipBB p whether from real
estate or from movable articles SSHai 4a(19); p
xnSJI pi xnil'Xi whether of a woman or of a
man5o 56:10
Y: ]'3 £r 9a(39; BAYTN 336).
1#N3'3 n.m. tamarisk (< Akk binu A CAD B
239; Sy * \ , -> LS 69, Ma 2#XJ'3 MD 61) sg.
Git 68b(48) [in a medical prescription]; '3 XpS'J
XJ'3 '3 nDX'Jl xnx may he burst like a cedar and
be split open like a tamarisk Bo 6:11
Geon. expl.: VriN <JV>D31 'TOX Kin Xr3 OHT Git 154:24, i.e.
Lpl [v. also Ibn Janah 70+]; cf. Sy: jlj* ^^s-s.^ ■•..-■
JjVI _m-.-U„ ,j^> BBah 384:10; Lit: Geig, AAC 86; Low,
Flora 3:329; 402; for the use of parts of the binu in medical
prescriptions, v. CAD ib. 241; Y: XJ'3 Git ib.(BAYTN 13).
2# K3'3 n.m. leech (Ma 4# XJ'3 MD 61) pi. 'J'3
X'BI aquatic leeches Git 69b(30; OHT ib.
157:15)
Geon. expl.: XB 'JX pby OHT ib., i.e. «lill jk; Y: XW '1'3 G/V
ib.(BAYTN 133).
[3#X3'3 4- l#XJ13n.]
'3'3, w. suf. "'J'S prep, between, among (4- p
prep., -'J'3»; Sy ,; i ■p LS 68, Ma X'J'3, X'J'3X
MD 61, 4) 1. between: may 'J'3 'D"U1 '3rl' 11H
they were sitting and studying between the pillars
Sab 10a(24); in"J'3 X"I1B H3J a mountain rose up
between them Hul 7b(24); in"J'3 3TP1 p'TWl Vy
(the lion) entered, was silent, and settled down
among them ib. 53a(48); in'J'3 X3'X IH'J'3 'XB
xnaV 31i?ai XIHJ what is (the legal difference)
between them? A river which is close to a town
is (the legal difference) between them Er
55b(42); Sab 116b(42); Pes 82a(17); Yev
64b(45); BB 174b(l); 2. among: XD'jrw
XJTJ^D 'J'3 XroniZ/BT Gfyceria fluitans found
among papyrus reeds Pes 35a(29; CE1); p'SJ '3
XJ11X3 'WJ'X 'J'3 3TP when he goes out (and) sits
among people in a group BQ 60b(ll); 'XBB1
"jy 'J'3 n'WBJ he used to make his presence
known among the poor Ket 67b(48); San
98a(49); Git 19b(55); ib. 69b(35); ',TJ'3 HOJ? (the
midwife) stood among them [i.e. the other
women] AZ 26a(39); ib. 42; pn'J'3 'pDBi 'xa VdT
'VspB whatever (the three of them) will decide
among themselves they will accept TGHark
100:34; ib. 275:26
Y: 'J'3 &6 10a(23; BAYTN 336).
- '3'3 'J'3, '3'31 '3'3 adv. in the meantime,
in-between, n. in-between object (cf. MH2
DT1W J 163) I. adv. 1. in the meantime
[temporal]: 'J'3 'J'3 "?n l"yx even though its
value declined in the meantime BM 55a(46);
'j'3 'J'3 nsn'Xi xpu'V rrj'y n'V 3'X3i the child's
eyes hurt him, and he recovered in the meantime
Yev 71b(7); 33JPX X1? 'J'3 'J'3 XJ'y3'B 'X if in the
meantime, I am requested (to redeem the Jews) I
shall not be held back San 98a(49); Bes 14b(43);
Yev 8a(6); BM 113b(46); BB 164b(5); 2. in
between [spatial]: a. alone: 'J'3 'J'3 Xim X3'Xm
is there not, in fact, a space in between? Suk
23a(43); 'J'3 'J'3 nmil X3'Xi there is elevated
ground in between AZ 50a(19); 'J'3 "IB nV 'TO '3
'J'31 when you divide it [i.e. the width of a cubit]
among the spaces [lit. place it in between] Sab
98a(12); XB'p mn 'J'3 'J'3 it was located in
between RH 23b(5); ^ra 19b(47); b. w. "T: 3TT1
'3'3^>
203
NT13'3
t :
'J'3 'J'3T "]'Xn H'V he gives him the difference
(between the value of the two documents) BM
7b(46) [lit. that which is in between]; n'V Sn'B1?
'J'3 'J'3T to give him the difference [i.e. the
money in between the two values] Bes 7a(5; M);
T1DX 'J'3 'J'3T XH that which is in between [i.e.
in the stream of liquid between the two vessels]
is forbidden AZ 72b(7); 'J'3 'J'3T XT1X H3 B'TO
the air which is in between dominates Sab
37a(44); 'J'3 'J'3T arm the wall which is in
between Er 94a(4); Yom 22a(39); MQ 6a(17);
BM 104b(36); BB 14b(5); Hul 46b(14); Men
99a(4); II. n. in-between object: 'J'3 'J'3 Xinn
'IPX 31T H'Bp1? XnXT a certain (pair of lungs with)
an in-between (lobe) which was brought before
PN Hul 47a(14)
Voc: '3'3 '5'a HGP 28a:2; Y: 'J'3' 'J'3 l^v 25a(l 1).
- '3'3V prep, among, between (Sy h\ > -p \ PSm
470) iTV3'» 'J'31? "7Xy 3T PN entered among its
ears of grain Yev 63a(31); '3T 'J'31? XTT1' nSD an
extra handbreadth between the courses (of the
wall) BB 3a(45) [I 1#X3T]
Y: ^l) BB ib.
- '3'3» prep, from among (< i 'J'3; TA "|J'3D
TO Ex 23:25) a. w/o suf: 'J'3B 'J'Dp «]'TOa XpT
'B'^X he pulls out the thin (onions) from among
the thick ones BM 89a(21); Ber 54b(7); Anan
6:23; b. w. suf: m'J'3B xrf?'» pSJ the matter went
out (for discussion?) from among them Sab
121b(33); BQ 19b(8); Hul 45a(27); 'niST'Jl
]13'J'3B rebuke him [i.e. the banned person] from
among you Dec 4:13
Y: ':'3B Ber ib.
X'3'3, pi. NnilJ'3 n.m. intermediate position,
intermediate row (nisbe-form < 4- p prep.; JPA
"J'3 intermediate row DJPA 96) 1. intermediate
position: sg. X'J'3a X'JIX it is derived from the
intermediate position [i.e. from a combination of
the two extreme cases] Sab 132b(37); Bes
20a(24); Hul 114a(33); X'J'3B 'TITII Zev 107b(l);
ib. 5; 2. intermediate row: pi. xrm<J'>Ul)3B TH3
XTOBT leeks from the intermediate rows of the
garden bed Sab 110b(41; Ar [AC 2:215])
Expl. Ar: njny yxOXO AC ib. [mng. 2].
1#K1V3'3, pi. KrP3'3 n.f. a fish (Sy
r^&" i \ v ^> LS 69; cf. Akk binlt/binut nuni fish
eggs, roe CAD B 244, MSL 8/2 105) sg. *]1p!
XT1'J'3 hang up a b.-fish BM 59b(51); XD'J'3 X'HH
X1D3 'TI3 X'IB'XT a certain 6.-fish that was
roasted with meat Pes 76b(31); Git 69b(39);
Xn'J'3 "73XT XlXBm an ass which ate a 6.-fish BQ
19b(42); xVpn H0n3X xri'J'3 a i.-fish weighs
according to (the size of) its stomach BM
79b(30) [v. Friedman, BM VI:193]; Ned 20b(24;
V2); BB 133b(16); Mak 16b(18; G§ 402:11)
[i X313 '3]; pi. xrP'J'3 32; seven &-fish Bes
28a(17; V17)
Geon. expl.: ,T33 Wl <\iyn D3DD xrrT3 OHT Git 157:18, i.e.
(jjj; Lit: Low, Fauna 5+: poss. a type of carp: Cyprinus Binny,
Barbus Binny; Fl, TMW 1:285; MSL ib.: The aram b. ... has no
connection unless the traditional translation is completely
wrong; Y: XJV3'3 Gil ib.(BAYTN 33).
2#Nn'3'3 n.f. seed (etym. unkn.) sg. -imT'Vl
rryaV *? X3pja X<B)!7l Xn'J'3B let him be careful
of a seed lest it pierce his intestines Git 69b(26);
BB 18b(16) [Var: X1T3 GTB2 216:12; * XD1D]
Rashi: ynm yyo..
TIS'S prep, between (4- p; Sy (-)A. \ . -A LS
68, Ma 'nXJ'3 MD 61) in'HJ'3 Xn'^tt? X3T 'pIX x"7
PN did not place a messenger between them Ket
28a(26); ib. 23; Mak 6b(32); ]nXJ'3 mm 'Xa "733
]y3 nyi XBVy 'ai' p in all that was between us
from time immemorial until now SSHai 5a(14);
ib. 9b(6); 10b(5)
Nri3'3, pi. '3'3 n.f. individual hair (TA HJ3
XnyD TJ Jud 20:16, Ma 1#XJ'3 MD 61) a.
general: sg. H'J'B XHJ'3 B'BriB;'X a hair slipped
out of it Yom 69b(24) // San 64a(16); BM
84b(21); X3Vna XHJ'3 VlTO'B drawing a hair out
of milk Ber 8a(32; Ar [AC 2:55]); XDJ'3 Xin HP
137:1; 'nj'3i "tm top of a hair Naz 39a(19);
'riJ'3T '3p'y root of a hair ib. 20; 'W'TI xnJ'3B
'Xyn3T xnSID lyi from a hair of my head to a
toenail of my foot Sab 140a(29; V) [merism for
the entire body; 4- X1B1D mng. 2]; AZ 38b(35); Bo
21:19; pi. X3D X3V3T XJIXipiB 'J'3 'TV seven
hairs of an old dog's beard Sab 67a(6); b. fig. of
plants [I 'J'3T XpmB]: pi. 'JB'1 D1ST 'J'3 'hairs'
of a pomegranate blossom Seel 117:16 = HG3
395:7
Lit: Flora 3:92 [usage b]; Y: X1VJ3 Ber 8a(32; BAYTN 38).

1#N0'3
204
Nrira
1# NO'S n.m. a container (< ^f\aaa Lehnw 151;
Sy k*& m ; ^ LS 69) sg. Men 57b(31)
From the context, this word is H in the fol. passages: Men
7a(8); ib. 24a(l); Geon. expl.: nWs ]'» [nXD '3 -] DXO'3 XW1
on'? nxo nsxn ix nxo n^'aow Vo ix ■jptne ix tgas42 57:23;
Y: XD'3 BAYTN 13.
[2# N0'3 4 'D'D n.]
N»10'3 4- Xai03 n.
'0'3 n.pl. grasses with hard thorns (4- '0'3;
etym. unkn.) '0'3 'VsNT Dlttfa because (the
camels) eat grasses with hard thorns Sab 77b (26;
Ar [AC 2:130])
Geon. expl.: "IBB'X 'XI 1J1V3 O'Wp O'Xlp ]H3 WW D'3»y '0'3
Q'^DJ VsKZJ p T3 ]tniX7 TRN 615:3 [v. AC ib.].
nto's 4 xifera n.
NAIAD'S n.f. bedding, mattress, carpet (< Mir
*bistarak [cf. MP wistarag bedding, cover CPD
91, NP bistar PED 185; Ma XpTnoxa, XpTnOO
couch MD 49, Sy ndjai Jt_ol^d something of the
clothes of the betrothed LS 82 [Lex]) 1. bedding,
mattress: sg. Yev 63a(35) [* 4 xa'1?! garment];
Np-IJIM XyT mn Xim one (maidservant) knew
(how to work) with bedding BB 13b(27); pi, '1X»
'3X3!31 '''pTnoon items of bedding and cushions
SSHai 2a(16) [in a trousseau list]; p 'pinoa TBI
pi various types of bedding of such-and-such an
amount ib. 18b (15); <l>n{'}V "pi lnrpffXl ini'^SlX
'plJlO'a he fed them, gave them drink, and spread
out bedding for them Tan 21b(42); 'in ]X'1» HD3
'pinca how much are these mattresses worth?
ib. 22a(3); 'pnn03 131? TTX do you have
mattresses? BB 58a(24); 2. carpet: pi. 3VT mn
'pmoa y3©X (PN) used to sit on seven carpets
BQ 117a(46; Es); 'piTlOa \>TVV ma JVX XJT3 "?31
each room (on the boat) has sixty carpets Bek
8b(i3); tfnrm xtw m1? 'p-inca m1? rro they
placed carpets for him against the wall of GN
San 95a(13); 'pin03 ]in3 'W131 3110111 'T1W1
the d.-brooms and the n.-broom with which they
sweep carpets HG1 194:35; TGDr49 107:7
Geon. expl.: 0BX3B O'XHpjn 0'p"m03 nvhw\ OHT Ket 283:19,
i.e. ^LiL carpets; Lit: Low, Hoffmann Vol 121+; Geig, AAC
97+, rejects any connection w. Sy ^ "-«Ai ™ -. bride's
ornaments LS 82, and takes our word as borrowed < wastarag
clothing CPD 88 [In MD, the two mngs. are combined into one
entry, but they should be separated]; Sperber, Magic 150; Tel
34; Shaked, JSA1 7 [1986] 7818; Y: '|rWD'3 Tan 21b(42;
BAYTN 307).
1 StOWS n.m. removal (< MH 1iyv3 Yeivin,
BV 958; 4 Vl#iy3; TA liya TJ Is 17:6) sg. ]»T
Xliya time of the removal (of the leavened
foods) Pes 6b(55; V1")
Y: iniy'S Pes ib.
2# NT,J7'3 n.m. burning (4 V2# iy3) sg. X1iy3
WX1 burning by fire Anan 69:14; ib. 15; Kill
Xliyai burning fire ib. 70:1
Nrnys n.m. fear (4 Vnya, xmnya) sg. 'ana
I^IX Xpl Xin mmya they make noise out of fear
of it Hul 53b(3)
Y: rrniny? //«/ ib.
N'jr'S 4- x'ya n.
Nnjr'3, Kfl'3, abs. NJT'S, pi. 'J/'S n.f. egg,
eggshell, pi. testicles (4 'yai X'»; TA ]'jr*3 pi.
TO Dt 22:6, Sy rc'ft \ . 71 egg, testicle, pi.
rc'S T> LS 69, Ma l#xn'3,'pl. K"3 MD 64) 1.
egg: a. general: sg. x"71 nVirr? XJiy'3 'XyS'X
n3WX an egg was sought for a sick person and
was not found Yom 69b(30) // San 64a(21); '1
!XT1'S pi mam PN bought an egg (from a pagan)
AZ 13b(29; JfMarg]) [v. Abramson, AZ 152];
Bes 33a(l); Xnni33 XJiya an egg in a A.-dish Er
62b(22) // .Kef 60b(27); Yom 78b(36); xnya
'wtyren xnya xnaaa xnya x'lOnira an egg in
Ammi copticum, an egg in cumin, and an egg in
sesame seeds Git 69b(18) [in a medical recipe];
BQ 55a(27) [4 ltxVn'E/]; pi. Er 101a(19); Pes
74b(19); Suk 53a(32); Ket 61a(l); #h/ 59a(7);
pi. xa'rra 'ya M1? 1103 the eggs have lost (their)
form Pes 55b(25); 'jra nVn three eggs Git
69b(18); 'ya 'yisys breaking eggs 5a6
109a(15); 'y33 'aim1? to console (a mourner on
his return from the cemetery) with eggs BB
16b(44); b. of var. birds: sg. 1) hen [4 1#X1I]: (a)
general: nm>lllin na nnya egg, daughter of a hen
Bo 84:3; (b) w. var. designations: sg. Ber 44b(17)
[4 btiXO]; pi. X13'n T2 inseminated eggs [lit.
eggs of a male (rooster)] Bes 7a(6); Bo 92:4
[4- -m»]; Ber 56b(21) [4- *fbp, p-'bv]; 2) ostrich:
4 Xn'Sjn; 3) p. -bird: i X'nS; 4) dove: 4 X^SIX;
5) 5-bird: 4 xmS'X; c. of an animal: pi. 'jra Bek
7b(24) [said to be secretions of the _y.-deer;
xrnn^?
205
NTS
T "
4 3#xVn]; d. as a measure of capacity [caique
< MH2 nx'3 Ber 49b(35)]: sg. Xnyai X»»'n
one-fifth of an egg HP 39:3; pl.abs. noa'BTI IDXS
j'ya two hundred and seventeen eggs Er 83a(16)
[= one modius]; 2. eggshell: sg.abs. xya "?5? ana
write on an eggshell HM 43:24 [cf. K;iB,!7p
XnyaT an eggshell ib. 81:33]; det. 'miS ]rVptt?1
x(i)("imxa nV irayoi xnyaa we take a small
amount of (the tekhelet dye) inside an eggshell
and examine it with a wad of wool Men 42b(34);
Xnya "lia rmi X<S){J/llS-n a chick which died in
the eggshell Bek 8b(41); 3. pi. testicles: Hul
93a(38); XTlV'OT Ta crushed testicles ;'&(54;
V"); 93b(6); XH11 'ya ''in testicles of a goat ib.
8
Voc: myi HPP 56:19, pi. i»'5 ib.; Y: Nny'3 Be/- 44b(17;
BAYTN 35).
Nrnnjr'a n.f. fear, dread (4 Vnyj, xmya,
Xrinyj) sg. MQ 28a(41); So? 25a(25); C«?
68b(46); X'Bna Xmnya ri'as XinS fear inhibits
(a woman's menstrual flow, and) dread loosens
(it) Sot 20b(39; V2) // Nid 71a(14); 'X» X3ni
'riinya ... x^'Vi xmnya ... xa'x xmnya
nr3«n 'mnya ... mani what fear is there here?
Fear of the night, fear of his teacher, fear of the
Divine Presence Nid 13a(53); X'XH Xmnya fear
of water Sab 41a(12); "l&n IxVai 'mnya fear of
the Angel of Death Nid 71a(ll); tnjn Xmnya
fear of witnesses BQ 75a(31)
Y: xniny'S Git 68b(46).
NniiS'3 n.f. shortage of food (4 Visa; TA
xn-rixa TJ Jer 17:8) sg. xmrix'a xinix xini
X1S3 Xnnax xni'in (bringing food from) one
canal to another [lit. from a canal to a canal] is a
shortage; (from) one province to another is a
famine Tan 19b(l); ib. 2; 'Xim xnTIXa X'nm
Xjninia a certain shortage which occurred in GN
Ket 97a(33); ib. 40; 42
Y: X1TTO3 Tan 19b(l; BAYTN 203).
Nn"S'3 4 xmsia n.
Nj?'3 n.m. rift, crevice (< xyp'3*; Sy rt i. n ^
LS 590, Ma xp'B MD 371) sg. Sab 147b(48;
RaH) [O: np('>{1}3]
Expl. Ar: DyVsiO \y nyf>3 np'3 AC 6:347, s.v. 0*78.
xnp'3 n.f. hut, type (I xnpy 'a, xnp'a n/ia,
xnypa; Ma xmp'a*, pi. xnx'p's MD 62 [v. note
infra]) 1. hut: sg. Sab 77b(31) [expl. as 4 '3
Xnpy house of distress ib.]; 'npas xVl 'n'33 in
my house, but not in my hut Ket 54a(17); 2.
metaph. type: sg. xnp'3 Xin» "IpW (the letters of)
nplP are of one type Sab 104a(35; TGAs42
68:27) [4 1# Xyi3 usage d.2]
Geon. expl.: max yaix ^y mox y3ix k^k nnn 1'Kiff ]Bp JT3
xnpy'3 (nnix xiip nD's1?) max w'tod x^'X nbyo1? ,toj I'xi
Kin IX Dipo nDl^O TRN 615:8; OHT Ket 147:20+ [mng. 1];
XJiyf"3 Nino n»X V7'K3 TGAs42 ib. [mng. 2]; Lit: Eps, St2 835,
compares Ma: 1'IXH XDX'p^ X'/1X3 its houses will become huts
Gy 387:23; Y: xnp'3 Sab 77b(31; BAYTN 335).
T3 4 l#xna n.
NTS n.f. well, cistern, pit, cavity (< xnxa*; TA
XT3 TO Gen 16:14, Sy K'irdjp, r^^ ;-i LS 56,
Ma 1#XT3 MD 62) 1. well: sg'. n'l'D iwm XTa
X'D a well from which you drank water BQ
92b(48); Xian3 XT3 f? D'X we have a well in the
field Bek 8b(36); XTOIDai IX fym X'D water of
a spring or a well Anan 49:4; pi. 'T3 'T3 many
wells Ber 56a(38; MGG 704:16) [4- Vtfm pe.,
mng. 3]; 'yisai 'T3 "73 all wells and springs
SSHai 6b(9); 2. pit, cistern: a. general: sg. XIX
mnn3WX "p'aa mn I found my ox in your pit BQ
13a(41); /*. 53a(48); Sab 66b(15) [4- Xms]; Bes
39b(22); XT3T X»1S the edge of the pit BB
175b(43) // Ara 7a(17); XT3T 'isn the sides of
the cistern Hul 67a(39); xnp'By XT3 a deep pit
Hag 5b (37); X'» m'^ai XT3 '"? X13 he dug a pit
for himself and filled it with water Git 68a(34);
ib. 42; BQ 31b(3); TGHark 86:17 [for use by a
tanner]; XT3 X'tt X,!?a the pit was full of water
BM 85a(23); '1'3I xV'x'B "fi 'I'ai XT3 I sold you
a cistern. I did not sell you the water BB 79b(17;
P1) [w. ref. to MH 713 ib.]; n'TOMHan X'B ib.
99a(26); X'aT XT3 TGAs42 166:15; pi. 'Ta yiV
seven pits San 7a(25); 'yi^ai TO pits and ditches
SSHai 6a(6); b. in a fig. sense: XT33 XD13 "7S1
the rumen fell into the pit [i.e. the identification
of ma'isn O-an MHul 3:1 is unclear] Hul
50b(ll); 3. cavity: sg. XipT XT3 the cavity of
the gourd Sab 103a(20; Ar [AC 2:169])
While H distinguishes lexically bet. mng. 1 pX3] and mng. 2
[113], in A, because of the phonetic identity of these two words,

n«m
206
&6l#'3
T
it is often difficult to determine which is meant; Y: XT3 BQ
92a(48; BAYTN 14).
HNT2 adj. of GN sg.m. nXT3 ]T)1 Ket 75a(36);
nXT3 iTfiT Git 34a(23); ib. 35a(45)
N1TTT3 n.m. (uncertain) pi. 'J11T3 Pas 74a(18;
TGAs42 162:12) [textual rdg. w/o context]
N11T3 n.m. clarification (< MH 1113 Yeivin,
bv 959) sg. xirran miT3 ty ap'aV iwym you
asked (us) to clarify [lit. to deal with its
clarification] the matter TGHark 35:31; ib. 38:2;
39:6
[K3"T3 4- XXT3]
N1VT3, pi. XJVn'3 n.f. alley (< Akk biritu alley
CAD B 252, mng. 1, AIOA 44; Sy k'&Jtj^ pi.
LS 88, Ma 1# X'T3, pi. xnX'T3 MD 62) pi. 1311
xnx'1331 'pW3 sit in the streets and in the alleys
BB 40b(16; Es) [cf. Akk suqani u bireti CAD ib.
[NA], Ma WT31 X'pW Gy 224:21]; yw 'Sri'
nnxn'31 xruip those who sit in the streets,
corners, and alleys Bo 71:9
Lit: Eps, St2 835; id., PLA 267; Ch. Muller-Kessler, Aram
11/12(1999-2000) 304+; Y: Nn'H3 BAYTN 284.
N3T3 n.f. knee (TA pm5-|3 pi. TJ Jud 7:8; cf.
Sy «liicv^3 LS 96, Ma 1# X3713 MD 57) pi. Mn
WfWl 'DTa knees which were weary Ber
6a(10); mm '3T3X p'lT mn we used to recline
on each other's knees Pes 108a(37; V14); BB
74a(l); X331 H3T331 xVs: nBX VjH who falls on
her face and bends over on her knees Bo 115:7;
,TD-|3 X"7DEM his knees are low San 88b(33) [an
expression of humility]
Y: '37a ftj ib.(BAYTN 110).
13T3 n. a type of rice (< NP form/' PED 179
+ pi. -an; Sy \j-Ud LS 97, Arab jlw Siggel 19)
pi. ]XX1T3 OHTBer 91:16
Lit: Low, Flora 1:732.
NXT3, N2H3 n.m. hole (4- Vfn) pi. 'm D'nm
Tl'Siax he seals them [i.e. the jars] on their holes
^Z74b(36; J) [P': iT'ro]
Lit: Eps, Stl 116; Y: XXT3 BAYTN 165.
l#NriT3 n.f. citadel (Sy k^-U^d LS 69) sg.,
only as first element of GN's [cf. 4- l#X"lpX]:
'Xin Xm'3 Qid 72a(35); X'DCH XT1T3 ib. 37;
nirran XJ1T3 Meg 21b(30; G)
Lit: Eshel, JSB 75+; cf. LBH Tran ]VW Est 1:2 and Akk birlu
w. GN's; v. CAD B 261; Y: KIT)'? Qid ib.
2# KJ1T3 4- XT1T3 TO n.
$'3 adj. bad, evil, foul, n. evil, evil person
(4- VlPX3 pe., pass.part., xniy'3, XTJ tf'3, s.v.
i 1#XTJ mng. 2; TA tf'3 TO Num 20:19, Sy
r^Y;-i LS 57, Ma W'3 MD 63) I. adj. 1. bad:
sg.abs.m. V2 poy ]'1 this (was) a bad deal 50
99b(54); tf'3'Dr a bad day 0« 39b(24) [* or
3D]; det. XBP3 Xa"?n a bad dream 5er 55a(48);
X£>'3 X-13 a bad son ATef 53a(4); AZ 4a(36); pl.m.
'WS '37 bad sorts of things Ber 32a(17); 2.
wrong, evil: a. general: sg.abs.m. KT3 DJ/TH
rmy you did something wrong Bek 51b(19) [cf.
Akk minima lemnu CAD L 121]; det. KV2 XVT
the evil dew Bo 3:2; XBT3 XTW an evil demon
HM 46:2; Xtf'3 XW^> slander MQ 16a(12) [cf.
JPA 12/'3 l^'V DJPA 283, mng. 5a]; Meg 13b(40);
Am 15b(49); Nid 61a(45); Xttf'3 XJ'J? the evil eye
Ber 20a(31); So? 36b(18); BM 84a(33); pl.m.abs.
pP'S J'ttnn evil magic 5o 5:2; ]'BP3 I'p'JB evil
w.-demons z'Z>. 8:12; det. 'EP3 'j?'t» /'& 7:14; f. "73
XW3 xrt"1? evil liliths ib. 9:2; nriXBTS Tin evil
spirits /i. 64:11; b. w. PN: XBr>3 pn BQ 37a(3);
/'& 115a(25); 5e£ 50b(24); 3. foul: pl.m. 'ttr>3 X'»
foul water HP 204:9 [caique < MH D'jnn Op
MBerK 3:5]; 4. unproductive: sg.m. XIP'3 xVpi
an unproductive date palm 50 92b(39); S5
69b(15); II. n. 1. evil, bad thing: sg.m.abs.
ly'nV 3D ]'3 5?T xVl naV ,T^> '<X1)(1X)1 woe to you
who do not know (the difference) between good
and evil San 103a(37); tt"3 13jn one who does
evil ib. 7a(25); det. X3D 'in '13 XW3 can a bad
thing turn into a good thing? Sab 129a(46); 2.
evil person: sg.m. XK/'3 '"in xb X3D a good person
does not become an evil one Ber 29a(7)
Voc: XW'3 HGP 15a:21; Y: W'3 San 7a(26; BAYTN 9).
n.m. cooking, cooked dish (< MH2
■?W'3 J 198; 4- V?tt>3) 1. cooking: sg. X3ns
Xlim Xia?33 xVltt»3 xn'TB salt needs cooking
like meat of an ox Sab 42b(12); Ned 41b(6);
xVllP'3 'Slip accelerating the cooking AZ
JVltf'3
207
Nlfl-Il Klfc"3
38a(36); XETOS X^lfcOb n'3»m (Scripture)
considered cooking like baking Anan 71:19; Bes
27a(l); 2. cooked dish: sg. Xim xVlB'3 "p that
last cooked dish Meg 7b(12); 11311 nvmn '3n "im
H1J3 xVlB'J n'1? afterwards they rinsed it off [i.e.
the plate] and placed a cooked dish in it Hul
lllb(39);Pe.s27a(27)
Y: XVW'3 ftj ib.(BAYTN 255).
nit^'3 adv. with displeasure (lit. in an evil
manner; 4- xmtf'3) mn ItyVx 'I1? H"Tn mn he
looked again at PN with displeasure Ae/ 25b (24)
// Mak 5b(13); Pej 53b(42; V'V17); BB
164b(30);Mrf26b(35)
Y: IlW>'a BAYTN 332.
STUB'S, abs. ^'3 n.m. evil, wickedness,
deleterious statement (4- 2T3 adj., mtf'n; TA
W'3 TO Gen 41:19, Sy k'&o t ; -> LS 57, Ma
XDW3 MD 63) 1. evil,,wickedness: sg. abs. X1?
W3V Xin not one thing for wickedness Sab
156a(25); F37 iT^O i'& 27; det. 131? X'tm X3'J?
ypS'V xnW33 may the eye which looks at you
with wickedness rupture AZ 65a(20); D071DB mn
xnwsV he was well known for (his) wickedness
BQ 115a(27); nVW33 'ina Xpill X13J Xinn you
will (only) show your wickedness AZ 17b(48);
Bo 127:26; 2. coll. deleterious statements:
irrap Otinax ]riW3B they state (many) of our
deleterious statements before them Men 52a(32;
M) [* 4- xm3'D mng. 3]
Y: XnW'3 AZ ib.(BAYTN 332).
Nrit^'3 n.f. evil, misfortune (4- tf'3; TA xfwi
TO Gen 19:19, Sy rfhir,-, LS 57) 1. evil,
wickedness: sg. XD^'33 DDISB he is well known
for (his) wickedness BQ 115a(27; HP 86:15)
[4- xniers]; xrny'3 n^y x:mwa I shall send him
evil HMGas 94:5; 2. misfortune: sg. '»X X3lV
XnB?'33 n,!7 he told it [i.e. the dream
interpretation] to PN as misfortune Ber 56a(19);
pi. xnrrx nm xn^'3 ]w>si !)Tinn may my
misfortunes be many AZ 26a(28; J); mTi 'SVn
nxa XJIXIS'S a hundred misfortunes have passed
him by San 7a(21)
Y: XfW'3 BAYTN 32.
lOtP'3, Nn0'3 n.m. flesh, meat (4- pfcP3; TA
XnD3 TO Dt 12:23, Sy ^wn LS 82, Ma X1D'3
MD 62) 1. flesh: sg. X"n n'IB/3 p,!70l »'3'X X3'X
X"n men p,!7D X1?! tt»'rx X3'X1 some people's
flesh heals quickly, and other people's flesh does
not heal quickly BQ 84a(34); X"n X1033 XDnas
like a needle in living flesh San 48b (45) [the
feeling of gout]; xbnST 'pno»3 13'niff'3V Xjp'ID
I shall lacerate your flesh with iron combs BM
86a(22); Git 57b(l 1) // San 96b(29); 1'3n Xp mn
nni^sb n'V he was rubbing his flesh (to soften it)
Sab 33b(45); n,-W33 J?J3 it touches his flesh
Anan 45:24; 2. meat: a. general: sg. X1BT3 ,!7 3n
give me meat Qid 70a(27); Tern 8b(27); 'XT
Xn3Da X1^'3 XJ'rpW if I take meat from a
butcher K>m 86a(31); •HW,I71 nrfif Xn»'3 'n'^1
naiJX let him bring fat meat and place it on the
coals Sab 110a(31); ib. 18b(35); 140b(13); X"W3
Xn'"?a salted meat BB 74b(35); Hul 97b(5); 3"m
X"W3 yVsi X3in the (forbidden) fat flows (from
above), and the meat absorbs (it) Hul 8b(37);
X1D3T XSaiX a piece of meat San 39a(14); xaDX
XTO3T a thigh of meat BB 88a(12); xVip'T
Xntt?m a basket of meat Hul 98a(20); b. specific
animals: sg. X'3DT XW3 the flesh of a deer Er
39b(22); San 105a(51); X'ln X-TCT3 young goat's
meat Sab 18b (24); XTUY7 X1tt?3 meat of an ox BQ
72a(l); 3. body [cf. Sy y.t-i\ r^i m ^ n-a
rt'om Heb 5:7]: sg. b^yi ]>TT\ '3 ^3D'tt '3D
X'as H'^IS IFFl he is required to immerse
himself so that his whole body enters the water
Anan 52:14; AnanSch 27:3; ib. 8
Voc: >riD'3 HPP 70:21; Y: KTO3 Ber 56a(33; BAYTN 110).
- XM71! tatP'3 n.m. human being (lit. flesh and
blood; 4- XB1; Sy KLSaao k'-\-qq-=> Mat 16:17,
MH2 mi -it>3 J199) sg. imya 'axm n'in 'jxe?
xam XnfSnV in'rj?» Dnx 'M^ pigs are different,
since their intestines are similar to those of a
human being : their intestines to those of flesh
and blood Tan 21b(27) [double rdg.]; 'TV mVlD
xam X12731? xVi man ix^a (let) all of me [lit.
him] (be given over to) the Angel of Death and
not to a human being BM 86a(33; SM 145:6); mn
in"»mi inniys1? im n3D (the wind mso) would
have killed their human beings [i.e. the Israelites]
Sab 129b(23); X13TI XnW3T X<n>VlVll a human
skull Tarn 32b(18); HG3 349:8; X1D'3 p 'DSan

n<?'?
208
i#Nn'a
T "
xail that which is hidden from a human being('s
knowledge) HP 50:3; ib. 139:3
The phrase XOT1 X"I0'3 occurs also in Ma [v. MD 62], but it is
used in a literal and not in an idiomatic sense. Cf. also in the
internal parallel: (TOT ]» 'XJW'Xl mw'3 p ^lS'X eat of his
flesh and drink of his blood [i.e. consume the entire body] Bo
72:8 [v. Ch. Miiller-Kessler, Aram 11/12(1999-2000) 302+ for
the Ma phrase and its Meopotamian background].
]lfr'3 adj. stout (4- Xlfc?'3; Sy rdj-Lo-^ LS 82)
pl.m. '31P'3 '33 stout sons Ket 61a(4)
Y: 'JIB'S Ket ib.
1# Kfl'3, cs. '3, JV3, pi. 'A3, 'flK3 n.m. house,
estate, room, household, 'school',
compartment for phylactery, first element in GN's
(4- Xn'3 'E>3'X, 1# '3, Xfl'3 "13, nxm, '37, 1# "n'31,
xn'3 '18; TA xfl'3 TO Ex 12:3, ]'h5 ib. Dt 6:11,
Sy rc^ i ■^1, cs. & »-3 pi. rc'&.i LS 69, Ma
xn'X3, cs. n'3, pi. X'nX3 MD 47) 1. house,
estate: a. general: sg.cs. 31in *o"?» 'X3' '3 the
house [i.e. palace] of PN, the king, was destroyed
AZ 50a(23); MQ 9b(ll); Hag 5b(4); '31? 'Xnxi
lixa (the she-ass) went to its master's house Tan
24a(21); fi/¥ 36b(25); Hul 105a(38); det. X1?
ini'13 X*71 m'33 neither in her house nor in her
dwelling Bo 19:11; i& 2:5; 76:8; -pi'33 n3fl' 13
when you are residing in your house Anan 24:16
[expl. iri'33 ^n3£>3 Dt 6:7]; pi. 'A3 3E> seven
houses Git 69a(9); BAf 39b(3); BB 62a(l); 'nX3
SST/a; 7a(20); TQ 'ixa the owner of the houses
B/V/ 108b(32); b. parts thereof: 4- xnDipO'X,
XS10X, l#xn't>X, X33 mng. lb, Xllttb mng. 2,
X^'S1?, l#Xti'#, l#xn'1t>; c. used as adv.: 1) in
cs. [v. Satzlehre 116]: X313 31 '3 ]3'11 '3 when we
were in PN's house Ber 39a(27); Bes 21b(23);
man '3 ira1? X3nm I'an ixbi a son-in-law does
not usually dwell in his father-in-law's house BB
98b(i0); "irronx '3 xian 13'nix x*?'bii pns '31
the people of the household of PN, the /-.-official,
put wine in the house of their tenant farmers AZ
61b(26); Qid 50a(19); BB 22a(43); 2) in phrase
X1331 xn'33 within and without [lit. in the house
and in the field]: SSHai 2b(3); ib. 8a(8); Dec 5:9;
2. room, chamber, cabin [cf. Akk bitu CAD B
291, mng. 3]: a. in a house: sg. 'Vxa X1? "?Xiat>
X13'W ,T3 n'XI Xn'33 PN would not pray in a
room in which there was an intoxicating beverage
Er 65a(45); Xp'T 3'E>3 xVl XD'H xn'33 XJHIE? '^TU
let him light a lamp in a room where the wind
does not blow Kar 5b(52) // Hor 12a(36); X111
'B'm X3T3 a certain (storage) room of wheat AZ
65b(22; J); ib. 70a(3); X131 '1 xn'3 a dark room
&w 5b(54); pi. 'X13 'n33 XI 'X1J 'n33 XI this is
in the 'inner chambers' (of heaven, and) that is in
the 'outer chambers' Hag 5b(29) [4- ,1X11]; '03
'3'ni low rooms Sab 43a(2); b. in a boat: pi.
'X13 pjl'tf 13 n'XI Xril'SD a boat which has sixty
cabins Bek 8b(13) [cf. Akk bit elippi CAD B
292]; 3. household: sg. cs. On '31 TJiy the rich
people of my father-in-law's household Tan
23b(48); det. 1VT3X TpSaiX xnilB "111 IPS'X it
is possible that he will live a bit until he gives a
last testament concerning his household AZ
12b(15); T3JT nTI'1? TTTPlb 13X1 he does not
arrange the affairs of his household Yom 87a(l);
4. royal house, House: sg.cs. V1X Xp '"?y n'3ia
they are descendants of the House of Eli San
14a(37); 'X31BSm n'31 X13J? 0111111 Herod was a
slave of the House of the Hasmoneans BB
3b(38); Qid 70b(20); 5. 'school' [4- 31 '3, '3
]331]: sg.cs. '3'3n '3 my uncle's 'school' Pes
117a(8); Mak lla(25); '31 '31 X3X'383 'XII X3X
I was present at the count in the 'school' of PN
San 36a(15); X31 '31 1'1113D (the Tractate)
Sanhedrin of the 'school' of PN San 41b(18); '3D
X3WX '31 the elders of the 'school' of GN Bek
8b(9); ]3J? 31 '31 X3n (one) of the 'school' of PN
learnt Ket llla(18); VxyDtf' '1 '31 X3n #ag
12b(4); 6. cs. place, area [cf. Akk bitu CAD B
292, mng. 5]: a. KT1JJ3XX Jl'3 n.m. area of the
fingers (4- XJttXX) sg. Bo 78:16; b. 1113 '3 n.m.
place for slaughtering (on the neck; lit. place of
'blessed ...') sg. "|113 •'i? 3(')ip»1 X3'1 the place
close to the slaughtering Ber 44b(38) [cf. OHP
ib. 113:12; OHR ib. 56:7 = Ar [AC 5:368, s.v.
,tfD3]; c. 'in '3 n.m. place for pots (4- X111) sg.
Sab 41a(38) [expl. MH '?'D3X Mib. 3:4]; ib. 39;
d. NTH '3 n.m. (uncertain; 4- 2#XTH) sg.
XT'1 '3 1"iai3 (uncertain) RH 9b(20; E2) [expl.
BH1111 Lev 25:10]; e. 'Vp'1 '3 n.m. place where
palms grow (4- X^p'1; Sy KlLS:; hy^^p PSm
484) sg. ''jp'l '3 XJHX a field (for) date palms BB
69b(13); f. &1 »3 n.m. irrigated area (4- V'Vr
]T3K '3
209
'33 '3
pe., xm"?1) sg. Xai' 1^X1 '<3)01 the area (of a
field) irrigated in a day BB 12a(29; Es); g. '3
'B^'P n.m. area of ferns (4- 3# XsV'n) sg. 'TX13 '3H
'D^'n '31 k.-animals of the area of the ferns Hul
62b(13; Ar [AC 4:313, s.v. ,313]); '3 'xp X0X
'sV'n a myrtle located in the area of the ferns San
44a(5); Sab 77b(27); h. nrf?n '3 n.m. sandy area
(4- xVn pi., mng. 2) sg. mm crni ]xa Oqixn
XnxVn '3 n'V D'HtV X'Tn one who is being
pursued by a snake should run in a sandy area
Sab ll0a(22); rrra Vsn nnsn1? n"tm ixa 'xn
[XnxVn '3 =] xnxVrn XT1T one who saw someone
else's zuz fall in a sandy area 5M 26b(28); i. '3
xyt3ia, Kn5?3ia '3 n.m. place for lying down
(4- xnjma; Sy Kii-i-U*> &-^? PSm 489; v.
Friedman, BM VI:14721) sg. Kxa'XH)] H'ysia '3
rwm the place where its head lies BB 73b(9);
X331D1 n'Jljma '3 the place where the star lies
ib. 73a(22); j. Xnns '3 n.m. place of a wake
(4- xnna; BH ntna ri'3 Jer 16:5) sg. '3 3'rr ixai
K»n3 xntia who presides [lit. sits at the head (of
the table)] at a place of wake? Ket 69a(46); ib.
48; k. KWS '3 n.m. area of a garden bed
(4- XlXtfa) sg. 'nxi31 XltS'a '3 a garden bed of
leeks Sab 67a(32); 1. 'V'B '3 n.m. place of
crevices (4- 2# xV'S) sg. '3V X^S'^ '12/1 ]XD 'XP
111 'V'S one who sows turnips in the place of
crevices of a proselyte('s field) BB 54a(l); m. '3
Xpp'S n.m. place of a cut (4- Xpo'9) pi. XO'X X,11
"?'5?V H'pO'B '3"7 H'V p'ODI ini'pO'S '3 are there
not, in fact, cuts [i.e. on the wooden spit of the
Passover sacrifice] ? (It refers to a case where) he
made the cuts go out (of the animal) in its upper
part Pes 74a(18); Hul 112a(2) [in a vegetable]; n.
'1'!P Jl'3 n.m. place of demons (4- XTti) sg. Bo
78:21; 7. compartment of a phylactery: sg. in
xn'3 Ber 6a(52); ST 491:28; pi. 'X8 '113 1X2/3
113 'TO what is written in the other
compartments (of God's) phylactery)? Ber
6a(52); San 89a(4); Zev 37b(33); 8. cs. first
element in GN's: 'XaiX '3, 'Klin '3, '313 '3, '3
'XD1S [v. Eshel, JSB 51+]
On mng. 2b, v. Sperber, Nautica 76; Voc: XrVa HGP 2b:2; Y:
XJV3 BAYTN 14.
- p'3N '3 n. (uncertain) sg. '3V VlX XV 31
]T3X PN does not go to ... Sab 116a(45); ib.
152a(7)//^Z17b(39)
Geon. expl.: .Tit ,Tny n'3 bv pW GnK5 169:8. Lit: Geig, AAC
84, w. lit., rejects all prev. attempts to derive this word from P
and suggests that the etym. is prob. A; Shaked, Study 171+,
183, suggests a deriv. < Ir \d)beydan < P baydan temple. The
term refers to a place of religious instruction and discussion.
- N'TIN '3 n.m. perh. connecting channel (4- '3
'11X') sg. ['11X' xorr.] X'llX '3 T3J? Xlff'IX the
tenant farmer makes the connecting channel BM
103b(37)
- 'H^'N Jl'3 n.m. temple (4- XlVX; Sy b^?
rc'ckir^' PSm 480, Ma X'nxVx n'3 MD 63) sg.
VrV'X n'3 Bo 67:5; ib. 129:5; pi. 'iV'XI TI3 ib.
78:16
- XpVX H'3 n.m. prison (cf. JPA 'pj'JX DJPA
65) sg. H'pj'X 1T3 p X13J IXISIXI1? to release a
man from prison HM 40:20
- 'I'OS X1'3 n.m. prison (4- VlDX; Sy ^ i -p
rc/Tjj»r<' LS 37) sg. Ber 62a(27); n>33 "?'Bxil
'JV'ai 'TDX one who is thrown into prison and is
tortured Anan 37:5
- N3VIK '3 n.m. oven (4- XJlflX) sg. BM 74a(28)
- K13 n'3 n.m. olive press (caique < MH n'3
131 Yeivin, BV 787; Sy K'i^i LS 59) pl.cs. 'n3
'13 TGHark 86:9
- 'jri^3 '3, '5T'V3 '3 n.m. chasm, whirlpool
(4- XyrV3) 1. chasm: sg. mpl 'yiVa '3 the chasm
of Korah BB 74a(20); 2. perh. whirlpool: sg. 'D
'yta '3a x'ai xns x"?a ybi ^b xrWn when he
came to the whirlpool he filled a jar of water
from the whirlpool Bek 9a(l) [but v. Tos, ad loc.];
ib. 6
This expression may also occur in 'MW 'y'ja '3 Wa'Jl' '3313 '3
I dwell in the place of the stars. I ... in the chasm Pes I I2a(19;
E'C); Y: 'Xft? '3 Bek ib.(BAYTN 107).
- '33 '3, '3X3'3, '33S'3 n.m. bathhouse (< '3
+ Pa^cOveTov Lehnw 159; Sy rd-L=> LS 78;
4- 2# 1X33) sg. ,1'nOXl '33 '31? n'V"j; he brought
him into the bathhouse and washed him Sab
33b(44); '33 '31 X'aa lJWXl they drank from the
water of the bathhouse ib. 41a(26); 110b(30);
140a(28); Xtina3 X'O 113 '^laV '33 '31? '"?TX1 '31
those who go to the bathhouse to draw water in

naa 'a
210
KJH '3
T
it in GN Er 104a(48); 'H'l XWD piy he fled
(and) hid in the bathhouse Qid 39b(54); n'nD'X
H'mna '3X3 '3 the bathhouse (floor) collapsed
from under him Ket 62a(39) // Ber 60a(52); pi.
Xn330 '33 '3 llVlD all bathhouses are a danger ^Z
28b(41); Meg 16a(18)
Y: '33 '3 Ber ib.(BAYTN 4).
- H33 '3 n.m. men's section of the house
(4- i# xisj) sg. 'wj '3s? nai '3B 'X3a 'V i3S'V let
them remove my clothes for me from the men's
section to the women's section Er 68a(28)
Y: '131 '3 Er ib.
- '313 '3 n.m. logs (4- 1# X311) sg. ,Tl3yi xVpi
'31J '3 (if he cut down) a date palm and made it
into logs BQ 96a (23)
Y: '315 '3 BQ ib.
- N-Tl '3, NT33 '3 n.m. treasury, storehouse
(4- 1#XU; Sy <<t^ &-^? LS 70, Ma XT3'I n'3
MD 63) sg. XU '3V Viyi' enter into the treasury
Mei 17b(22); Bek 5a(33); X3"?B1 XTI '3 the royal
treasury Git 68b(36); Sab 63a(6); XDVbi Xm '3
7an 21a(47) // San 109a(14); Sab 63a(6)
[4- nxaXBX]; ]1,1X1 XU '3 Aaron's treasury Yom
51b(9); '3ami nu '3 the Merciful One's treasury
[i.e. of the Temple] /M 139a(42)
Lit: A. Hurvitz, EI 24 [1994] 78+; Y: XJJ '3 RH 6a(23); KU1 '3
San 109a(14).
- xmn '3 4- xmu
- '?'J '3 n.m. perh. deep water (lit. place of
waves; 4- 'V'J) sg. 'V'l '31 'JlVj.1 Xn33 a basket
of g.-fish from deep(?) water Ket 105b(44); Ber
44b(36; F)
Y: 'Vj '3 Ket ib.
- N333 (n)'3, KJNJJ '3 n.m. wedding chamber
(4- X331; Sy rd^L^ ^_=. LS 122, Ma n'3
X3X31 MD 63) sg. X311 IT331 '3V '3B I'V V>"y
XJ1W 'X111 H'13 they brought the utensils into the
wedding chamber of his son, PN, where there
was a lamp Pes 101a(14) [Var: X3131. '3V V14]; T1'3
X3X31 Ned 50b(37); ib. 38; '3V xV"yi xav XVIH
13X31 that day on which she will enter the
marriage chamber Sab 156b(20)
Y: rrai '3 Pes ib.
- KJTUnj '3 n.m. place for a well (4- xmm) sg.
X'J"?S1 Xmill '3 'XI the place of NN's well BB
56a(9); BM 103a(24)
Y: XJIWIA '3 BM ib.
- TIKI '3, "1NTT '3 n.m. court (4- 11X1) sg. '3
11X1 BQ 114a(3; HP 82:23) [* i XnO'lB]; ]V3
V'3pi V'TX xVl 1X111 n'3 X3'X1 since there is a
court, and he does not go and complain Git
58b(20); 1X11 '3V X3»'T 'V XB'p3 I have been
summoned to the court AZ 26a(52); D'U 1X11 '3
gentile court TGHark 111:28; ib. 33; Xnxa Vd IxV
1X11 '3 H3 n'X Xnxai not every single town has a
court TGAs42 23:14; 11X1 '31 X3'1 the judgment
of the court ib. 16; 21; 1X1X1 '3 //GP 17b:9
Note in a H context: ^ITl VXD \whv X^l TX1T3 Oip&l 1J11K3 ]'X1
V7T1J TO OHT Git 124:24, glossed by Ar D'Uxn judge. Lit:
Shaked, Notes 168, suggests that the phrase *be dawar may be
a late MP form corresponding to the earlier pad-dadwar
'(acting) through, or on behalf of, the judge,' i.e. an auxiliary
judge; Y: 1X1H '3 Git 58b(20).
- 'JH '3 n.m. oven, stove (4- X111X; Sy rO^car*'
stove LS 5, Ma X111X, XS11 fire-oven MD 7) sg.
Hul 11 lb(3); 'J11 '3V XllStt? p X1W3 "?S31 XD'11
'jn '3i xaia n'V yV3 pnaxi xiw'3 xinn tox if
the meat fell from the spit into the oven, that
meat is forbidden, for we say (that) it absorbed
some of the blood of the oven HG3 213:88
Lit: Low, Lehnw 186; Y: 'JH '3 Hul ib.
- NJH '3, NJH'3, NJH Jl'S, pi. 'JH '3
n.m.coll. court (4- X3'1, Xn3'nB1 X33, xn'Vlff, ;
Akk bit dini CAD D 156 [NB], TA X3'1 n'3 TO
Dt 25:7, Sy r<lL.n di_»_=> LS 70, Ma SH n'3
MD 63) a. general: sg. xVltt/'B 112H X3'1 n'3 the
court that permitted oil (of pagans) Ket 2b(28);
1'Siy Ipl xVl 1,1 X3'1 '3 it was the court that did
not investigate properly ib. 104b(50); im X3'1 '3
'p'1 XV X3'1 '3 one court does not investigate (the
decision of another) court BB 138b(30); X3'1 '3
X31B8 'yipsxV 'B'Vx a court is authorized to
confiscate money ib. 171a(l); X3'1 n'3 'XII
'3B0 XV 'initfX the court certainly does not rely
on the witnesses HP 71:27; X3'1 ri'3 |3'y3p we
establish a court Anan 116:4; XMIpV lll'IIJI WX
X3'1 JV3V the two of them came before us to the
court SSHai 9b(5); X3'1 ri'31? Vl'a to go to court
Anan 111:26; ib. 115:2; pn'nxai Xn Jl'a the
court of their town ib. 16:3; Svu 30b(39); '31 X33
'3T '3 ;
S3'1 the courtroom door BQ 113a(3); X3'T3 BQ
89b(3; Oxf, c.21, 36); ib. 90a(3; Oxf., c.23, 15);
PDFMP 604:15; pl.abs. 1'n 'T1X3 SSHai 5b(3);
det. M'l '3 '1T1 two courts BB 131b(9); b. w.
modifiers: sg. X31 Xi'1 '3 the great [i.e. heavenly]
court Sot 22b(17); HxV'S? X3'1 fl'3 the upper [i.e.
heavenly] court Dec 7:13; xap Xi'1 '3 the first
court San 42a(37); 'Tim XJ'1 T1'3 a new [i.e.
inexperienced] court Git 66b(35); H31 XJ'1 n'3
'1BX the 'great court' states Qid 65b(9); c. w. PN:
"3X 13 '3'3 311 X3'1 '33 Ket 85a(42); 311 X3'1 '3
X3in BB 172a(31); jam 311 X3'1 '3 San 31a(52);
H'1570 1331113iai Xn ri'3 TGHark 277:9
Y: X2"! '3 BM 70a(24).
- '31 '3 n.m. storehouse of jars (4- 1# X31) sg.
'31 '3 XW313 il'V 13T1'X (PN) lost the large
intestine in the storehouse of jars Hul 95b(39)
- KST '3 n.m. oil press (4- 1# XS1) sg. 10WB XII
XS1 '3V 'Vl'jn iasa does it not, in fact, lack
piling up and bringing (of the olives) into the oil
press? BM 74a(24)
Y: 'B1 '3 BM ib.
- '"H '3, HT3 n.m. threshing floor, granary
(< '1TX '3*; TA '11X n'3 TJ 2S 24:16; cf. Sy
k'-Uk' LS 6) 1. threshing floor: sg. ]XB 'X,1
'1T31 XJ1J/1X X5?1X ]'pnai one who prepares the
field for the sake of a threshing floor MQ
10b(13); '1T3 1D3 the watchman of the threshing
floor BQ 59b(27); '1T31 XTWim sweeping up of
the threshing floor BM 21b(17); ib. 63b(20); '3X
X33B?in '11 on the threshing floor there is an
accounting Sab 32a(10; M); Er 24a(40); Tan
3b(30); BB 54a(13); 2. granary: sg. 'nV Xp'Vo
'n'31? 'B'n the wheat has reached the granary HP
48:14; 3. in phrase HI '33 at threshing time [cf.
Akk ina adrati at threshing time CAD A/1 130]:
sg. i3Ti mi'DB? ubrmn xVi '3'n '3 m '33 13'sn
Xnj?^ X'nn 1J? busy yourself at threshing time so
that your wage will not be paid until that time
BM 73a(27)
Y: "11 '3 Er 24a(41; BAYTN 1).
- N^V'il '3 n.m. wedding house (4- xVlV'H) sg.
'V'a xVlVn '31 XIJX the reward of (coming to) the
wedding house is (for) words (of congratulations)
Ber 6b(27); na xsxi xViVn '3 yva mn xsd 3i
1#NJ"T '3
H'13 PN was serving drink at the wedding house
of PN2, his son Qid 32b(8); Sab 110a(9); Er
54a(14);yVerf51a(9)
Y: K^lVil'? Sab ib.
- yim '3, 'p'Tnn'3 n.m. guardhouse
(4- VpTIH; 'Nab' Ujj> confinement, custody
Jawal 52:7) sg. Men 33b(37) [Var: 'p'tll'3
TGAs28 67:18]
Expi.: iyw rni 'ninD dti31 -ani mns ijrw n'3 tgas28 ib.;
Lit: Eps, Stl 124; Y: 'gTVJ'? BAYTN 303.
- TV"! n'3 n.m. womb (4- XlVl) sg. l"?l n'3
XJ1J1X1 the woman's womb HM 39:17
- K"ty\ '3 n.m. school (Sy rfki.c, ^^=> LS 71,
jpa ijm n'3 djpa 93) sg. na xnV'a ya'^xi V'i'x
Xiyil '3a 31 I shall go and hear the matter
(emanating) from the be rav : school Ber 24b(30;
F); ib. 16a(8; IKI 24:16)
- H"11 '3 n.m. a small area of a specific size
(lit. house of...; 4- 1#X111, XX131p) a. anteroom:
sg. BB 98b(18) [expl. MH 1'Vp'ltp Mib. 6:4; v.
R.G. infra]; ]a"pi '111 '3 H'lXIS iy "ri'1 nTOK/X
''ap many maiT he found him sitting up to his
neck <in ...> in the anteroom, and naked
prostitutes were standing before him AZ 65a(l 1);
b. area of a field: sg. '1111 '3 n'V 'Ipl X1.11
X'3Vs(1) that is in a case where it [i.e. the garden
bed] is called a b.w. of NN BB 69a(31)
Expl. R.G.: nVsvhn mn ^uyi D'bnx i'cniB» pjra mi '3 xr3ip
in: nnn xn'B 'id uth www i'oiibi tjbi ^sa xin ipiai nsipo
D'lP 13W3 D'33W1 AC 4:96. In the AZ passage, roses can
hardly be meant, and Rashi's interpretation ['a bath of rose
(water)'] is not justified by the text; Y: 'Till '3 BB ib.
[- NJTTI '3 4- '111 '3 n.]
-1# NJ"T '3, NJ"I'3 n.m. prison (Ma Xi'XI n'3
MD 63; cf. MP zendan prison CPD 99; 4- X3pi3T)
sg. X3"t '31 X33 the gate of a prison Er 1 lb(25;
Ar [AC 3:287]); X3"T'3 33 Sab 32a(ll; Ar [AC
ib.]) [Var: X3'T '3 33 MGG 438:17]; X13J nX3DV
X3't n'3 ]a to release a man from prison HM 42:1;
ib. 44:7
Expl. Ar: ^Wian n'33 IX 03»n ri'33 AC 2:4; Lit: Geig, AAC 79,
s.v. '3V13, rejects the deriv. of this phrase as lit. house of chain
[cf. Ma 1#XJ'XI MD 158, mng. b; v. Lidz, Jb2 295; Eps, Stl
50] since zen does not have this mng. in MP [but cf. MP zanjir
chain CPD 98]; Y: XJ"J '3 BAYTN 55.
211

2# N3"T '3 212 '3313 '3
- 2# K3"T '3 n.m. storehouse (i 2# X3"T, X3't;
cf. Sy KlLj ^aj=. armory LS 70) sg. XJI<'>(1}'T '3
X37I31 the royal storehouse Ber 56a(31); ib. 32
Lit: Geig, AAC 79+; Shaked, EIr 261: perh. an A-P
combination be zena house of weapons [I 2# X3"J]
[- Np'T '3 n.m. perh. ventilation (4- 1# Xp'T) sg.
BB 75a(38) [gloss in HEs]
Read w. P1: Xp'J 1.13 'Vyi '13 windows through which air
enters.]
- NHH '3 n.m. bosom, chest (I X'lfl; Sy ^ .7.
rctiruu LS 71, Ma 1#X'1X1 MD 116) sg. p'SX
ri"(i){?)n '3a" wrami (x)po'i he took the
subpoena document out of his bosom Qid 70b(8);
pi. VTVn '3 their(f) bosoms Sab 13a(43)
Lit: Nold, MG 1941, connects the first element of this
compound w. 4. '3 prep.; Y: .Tin '3 Qid ib.
- KtfTIM '3*, NKhn '3 n.m. perh. place of sore
in the eye (cf. Sy rdi-io-o sore throat LS 259)
sg. 1'7 7'3X Xp [TB/lin '3 -] I'tr/Urn the place of
the sore in his eye is irritating him Svu 6b(34; Ar
[AC 3:506]) [V": rmira]
Expl. of Hai Gaon: rrt V3K Dip] <n){nl'»XTn '3 ]331 '01J '3m
ni'sa mpo nvirai xbth nxipa 'Bix jwta yy wna v",ma
inx ... n'1? 'rax xp 'a-ix irota mix xs'sn ysim ranvw oix iv
•p ^'SX xp -pwxin '3 n'^ QS 16:2 [= Ar (AC ib.); Var.: Wins
Geon 57:14].
- Nrnari '3 n.m. tavern (4- xnun) sg. &*
32a(10) [M: Xmun 33]
- Nri3p '3 n.m. slaughterhouse (4- xn3D; cf. Sy
r^ij-^V ii_i-=» kitchen LS 71) sg. ]31T» XII
XH3B '3 Xlim XW1 since, in fact, an ox's head is
sold in a slaughterhouse Ara 4b (49); '31 XP5?
Xri3D a goat of the slaughterhouse Meg 3a(44);
55 88a(ll);5e/t8b(14)
Y: TQB '3 Meg ib.
- '1113 '3 n.m. apparatus for roasting
(4- Vl# '10; cf. Sy rdi^^X LS 269) sg. HG1
327:10 = "X1CJ <')(1)3 #P 25:2
- N»t? '3, N'ttB '3, NaytJ '3 n.m. house of
mourning (lit. house of the spirit(s) of the dead;
i x»d) sg. xay» rP7 7X©»7 sxnxi vrVx Vix
XBXD '3 '7VP7 Elijah and Ahab went to console :
to console in the house of mourning San
113a(34) [double rdg.]; XXVipW X''DB '31 X11X
the reward of the house of mourning is (for) the
silence Ber 6b(26) [Var: X»J?D '3 OHT ib. 13:2]
In OHT 13:1+ there is a long responsum which explains the
etym. of this phrase from i XnytJ; Y: X;»B '3 San ib.
- 'TIN' '3 n.m. perh. channel (4- X'TIX 'a) sg.
'11X' '3 T3J7 XD'IX a tenant farmer makes a
channel BM 103b(37; V22H[corr.!], Ar [AC
4:104]!)
Lit: Koh, AC 1:47, s.v. '111X; Y: 'liX' '3 BAYTN 72.
- NT J1'3, pi. »T '3 n.m. area of hands,
handle, sleeve (4- XT; MH2 T TO Sab 65a[12])
1. area of the hands: pi. '3X n'n(1>nX7 pVlll 111
'1'T PN used to kiss his sisters on their hands AZ
17a(23) // Sab 13a(42); 2. handle: sg. XT TO
n'»1X3 GC 60:6 [expl. MH 7ir plow handle
MKel 21:2]; 3. sleeve: sg. XT '31 XSp'T erect
portion of the sleeve TGHark 214:15 [expl. JBA
n'1'1 XSp'T Ber 55b(36)]; pi. Bes 23a(12); ib. 15
Geon. expl.: eninn wxn wix DBinw nenna *?» py GC ib. [mng.
2]; CD'JX fl'3-iy IW'JS Xlpjfl T fl'3 Xl.ll TGHark 214:15, i.e. £ill
[mng. 3; 4- l#XHD'p]; Y: 1,1"T '3 &6 ib.(BAYTN 2).
- NB733 '3 n.m. type of field (etym. unkn.) sg.
Qid 62b(40) [* 4- X'ptf '3]
Poss. a rain-watered field; Y: XW3'3 '3 Qid ib.
- '313 '3 n.m. tavern (lit. house of drinking
bowls (of wine); 4- 1#X313) sg. '313 '3 1'pifc mm
he used to dance in a tavern BQ 86a(12); ib.
97a(20); '313 '3 Tp1» 13 Pes 49a(49; C)
This word has no connection w. the GN '313 '3 BJ 83+.
- '1113 '3 n.m. wooden frame in a wall
(4- 2#XTD pi.) sg. BB 6a(28; TGAs42 157:2)
[Var: '1X13 '3 TGHark 154:23]
Geon. expl.: '113 im T3J7 XJ3'1 in3 TGAs42 ib.; Lit: Eps, PLA
207.
- '3313 '3 n.m. place of (the visibility of) the
stars (4- X3313) sg. XMV1' '3313 '3 I dwell in the
place of the stars Pes 112a(19); n'3JlX7){VTi
'3313 '3 XTOfl V31XX 1"11B7 let him place his
bed on four jugs in the place of the stars [i.e.
outside] Sab 110a(18); '3313 '3 ,T7 '7J11 hang it
[i.e. the jug] in the place of the stars AZ 29a(24;
J) [P1: '3313 'mn]
The phrase is most likely an idiom for an open area; Y: '3313 '3
Sab ib.
'113 '3
213
N313 '3
t t :
- '113 '3 n.m. (uncertain) pi. 'S7T1 '31 'TX13 '31
'TOX '113 '31 '1W ^.-animals of the area of the
ferns are permitted. (Those) of the ... are
forbidden Hul 62b(13; Ar [AC 4:313, s.v. 1313])
Expl. Ar: IBy 'Vti AC ib.
- N'D*I13 '3 n.m. a type of chair (4- X'0113) sg.
a. in connection w. marriage: '7J73 7J?3'» W133
N'0113 '3X '371113 nm in GN they first have
sexual intercourse and then they seat (the bride)
on the b.k.-chair Yev 110a(22); ib. 18; b. in
connection w. a surgical procedure: '3X n'3mx
]'13 S?31^ T71X1 yip'XI '0113 they placed him [i.e.
the tumtum] on the b.k.-chair, he was cut open
[i.e. his testicles descended into his scrotum], and
he had seven sons ib. 83b(14)
Y: XJOIH '3 Yev 110a(22; BAYTN 264).
- N0'3 '3, pi. 'NO'3 'ri3 n.m. privy (caique
< MH vD'3fi fl'3 Yeivin, BV 963) sg. '31 'S'Sy
XD3 chamber pots Meg 16a(28); pi. Ber 2faQ!>\
Ed); ib. 55a(19; P)
Y: X03H fl'3 Meg ib.
- '1'3 '3 n.m. space of an oven (4- 'T3) sg. Sab
41a(38); ib. 39
Y: 'T3 '3 Sab ib.(BAYTN 11).
- Nrit^'as (n)'3, kw'jm, pi. Nntf"?3 'ns,
NW'33 ri'3 n.f. synagogue (4- 1# Xniff'33; JPA
nW'33 ri'3 DJPA 93, Sy rc'&Jt-nJ-a ivjLjp LS
70, > Arab i^Z Fr, AF 275) a. general: sg. 'Blpa
Xrliy'33 '37 'SIPTOI they go to the synagogue early
in the morning and late at night Ber 8a(18); Git
19b(57); Tan 16a(19); BB 21a(34); 7X1E?' 57KM
Xni»'33 '33 "17S Vp the Jew heard the sound of
praying in the synagogue AZ 70a(25); X7'J1 X111
XriW33 '31 a certain ruin-mound of a synagogue
[i.e. where it used to be] Meg 26b(2); 1190 D1D1
xnW33 '33 n'n737 PN eulogized his daughter-in-
law in the synagogue Meg 28b(34); Ber 17a(48)
[* 1 P31 '3]; Meg 26b(50); 'WXD "lVS7 '57X3 131
1'T Xriiy'ja ri'33 when he wants to pray he
washes his hands in the synagogue Anan 36:15;
ib. 21:24; AnanSch 17:4; xp'W XTOJ3 '3 N',11 a
certain old synagogue Meg 26b(6); XrittPW '3
Tl'inx another synagogue Hag 15a(45); BB
3b(19); Qid 73b(7); 'J131 XJWJ3 '3 the large
synagogue SOZ 72:20; xnB?'3337 11TIX1 they
brought him to the synagogue GS 37:14; pi. TI3
Xniy'W TGHark 84:23; xm'33 n'31 '17'X ri'3
temples and synagogues Bo 67:5; b. portions: sg.
xrffi/'13 '31 xnil'S the entrance of the synagogue
Ber 47a(5); XT]Wn '31 Xll'X the roof of the
synagogue Nid 13a(47); Xni^aa '31 '33'7 bricks
of the synagogue Meg 26b(16); XTliy33 '31 'S'S
mats of the synagogue BB 8b(52; Es); 313'X
XTW13 '37 XVffi? he donated a lamp to the
synagogue Ara 6b(16); c. w. a GN or PN: sg. '3
]iy»1 'n^'33 Sab 139a(56); Vsill xriWID '3 Meg
29a(23); X'Ona Xnm Xnu;i3 '3 BB 3b(33); '3
XV11133 3'Tl'l «12?1 XTVDn RH 24b(36); AZ
43b(26); 1311 '3X1 xniff'33 '3 Ber 50a(40); Er
61b(28); Tan 26a(2); ]15?ai [XIW13 '3 -] Xn©333
Zev 118b(ll); '10'pi XITC/'JO '3 Yev 65b(39); '3
7X'm Xniy'33 Er 21a(27); pi. XTW'H T13 ID'Vn
X'13D3 thirteen synagogues in GN Ber 8a(44)
Y: XnW'33 (ni'3 Git 19b(57).
- N?» ri1B;33 '3 n.m. reservoir (4- V2# ©33) sg.
liiyix i»i xi3Va x'a mmo '3 niiea they used
to make the reservoir flow outside their field
(onto the roads) San 109a(43; MGG 309:19)
- '03 '3, '0X3 '3 n.m. one of the stomachs of
a ruminant (caique < MH2 mOISI TO J 623;
1 1#X03, V003) sg. X7'?3in '03 '3 '03 '3 X7'7311
the h.-stomach is (now) the b.k. -stomach, and the
fc.yfc.-stomach is (now) the A.-stomach Sab 36a(12)
// Suk 34a(36); '03 '3» XpS3 ,1111 XT1311 X111
X7'73@inV a certain duct which goes out from the
b.k.-stomach to the /i.-stomach Hul 58b(18);
'0X3 '31 X3aiD the thick part of the b.k.-stomach
HP 201:9(HPP 303.: 18); '0X3'3 HPQ 222:2
Y: '03 '3 Sab ib.
- N313 '3, N3N13 '3 n.m. plowed field
(4- 1# X313) sg. Yom 43b(6; L); Hul 63a(36; H2);
Yom 43b(7) // Nid 65b(30); X3X13 '31 Xrl'3'3 a
&-fish of the plowed field (which is infested with
creeping animals) Mak 16b(18; GS 402:12) [v.
note, supra]; X313 '31 'rfrp rhT\ three stalks of a
plowed field Git 69b(l) [v. supra]; pi. '313 '3 Hul
62b(13)
Geon. expl.: pi )ny TOD'l nnB3 D'D 1033' 1,111 T^'Ba'?
T\m O'O ^3 13 D'b'IMl B'DH WX3 CWH 11"TO3 D'OH WVJTI
I'll imx nxipji V"ix3 yniBDi p» own pi imx imox 'nan

NjnV 'a
214
'}?X'» '3
X3X13 '31 X71T3 G§ 402:12; '5 ]D 'BXJ1X 'ty MX Vx 3X:n
3X13 ^X 3Xin p yxopx the vessel should stand on a tripod of
three pieces of soil of a plowed field OHT Git 156:11. Lit: Low,
Fauna 5; Y: X313 '3 Mak 16b(18).
[- NJTlV '3 4 Kyi"? 13 n.]
- NASI? '3 n.m. a portion of the loins of an
animal (perh. place of joining; 4 V^sV, XDSlV;
Ma XrlXSlV joints MD 234) sg. xnsO)(')V '3 HG3
156:40
Cf. XJlxnBBX IB"1?! xnsil the place where the thighs are joined
MGWJ67[1923] 136.
- NTja '3 n.m. watercourse (4- 1# XIIB) pi. 'Jil
V331 ma 'a the watercourses of GN Sab
145b(34; MAr [AC 2:51]) // Bek 44b(27; Ar [AC
ib.])
- NtfTta '3, Ntfima '3 n.m. school (lit. study
hall; caique < MH ©Trail n'3 MSabK 16:1, EniB
Yeivin, BV 1009; 4 XtthlB 1»'1; JPA E/ma JV3
DJPA 94) a. general: sg. '3 WD1 n'"l31 1ITX VtX
XttmB he and his son went and hid in the school
Sab 33b(28); XK/mB '3 XO'l 'V D3TX (PN) lost a
get in the school Git 27b(22); xV XPXTJB '3 TOX
xn'Diy a woman is not usually present in the
school MQ I8a(29); 'a x<')Vxa mm nVim x'nn
'ffl' 'TJ HV)11i a certain virgin who was praying
in PN's school Sot 22a(32); XttniB '33 MTTI as
they learn (in a barraita) in the school Yev
92a(5); XttniB '3 1B1S3 n'TiriyBW XBT V3 we state
his legal traditions every day in the school MQ
25a(20); XEmB '3V IB'lpXI U'ltfnX go to the
school late at night and early in the morning Ber
8a(19); pi. 'KniB '3 '-lO'Vn thirteen schools //ag
15b(ll); b. in var. phrases: 1) XKniB '3 pia "|31
J"H3 they make decisions so in the school
according to me Pes 105b(12); ib. 33a(34); Suk
7a(3); 2) XE/Tia '33 "IIBX 'SB what did they say
in the school? Er 47a(24); Yev 42b(12); gW
44a(41); Bek 3a(51); 3) XKma '3 V'XW XriX he
came (and) asked in the school Sab 95a(20); ib.
140a(40); RH 26b(2); Git 60a(10); Sa« 64a(38);
c. w. var. vbs.: 1) VVtx pe.: XK/mB '3V Vtx
nax XpT p3"lV inj'ya© he went to the school
(and) heard the scholars saying Tan 23a(50); ib.
24a(31); Ned 49b(37); 2) V'TIX pe., af: X1?! nJJ
Xttma '3V pa-l 1J1X it got late, and the scholars
did not come to the school Meg 7b(28); Er
28b(55); BB 74a(8); XEma '3V TUTTX he
brought them to the school Hul 55b(25); 3) V'DB
af: 'KHIB '3 XpirV 'V 'BBB1 iy until he would
bring the child to the school Qid 30a(37); Ket
23a(42); 4) VpDJ pe., af: XBHIB '3V VxiBW pM
EHI! PN went out to the school and expounded
Sab 156b(17); Ber 58a(48; MGE 144:14); Hag
5b(47); XBmB '3a ITBT "T? mpSX they removed
PN from the school BB 23b(21); //or 13b(50); 5)
VVVy pe., pa.: Xttma '3V Vy xV "ITyVx 'I PN did
not enter the school Er 47a(24); Hag 3a(15); Yev
42b(ll); Qid 44a(40); Bek 3a(50); "iV mV'y
XKmB '3V H'BT they admitted PN into the school
BB 165b(35); Men 33a(15)
Lit: Goodblatt, RISB 97+, discusses this term in detail and
shows that it is the preferred term in pericopae about or
attributed to scholars of Eretz Israel, while the term 1 31 '3 was
preferred by the Babylonians; Y: XBhlO '3 San 95a(44;
BAYTN251).
- NT'Htt '3 n.m. place where the circumcision
feast is held (4 xV'HB) sg. '3V yVp'X X3'3n 31
-p31 xV'HB PN happened to be at the place of the
circumcision feast and made a blessing Ket
8a(42)
Y: X^np '3 Ket ib.
- N3JTia JV3 n.m. study house (4- X3ma,
l#xn3'na; Pal 3ma J13 Semitica 47 [1947] 68:8,
Sy t<L~}incL^3 b\ i t> dwelling PSm 488) sg.
xsn xsma n'33 'yVx '-ib nontVw I asked PN
in the great study house Bek 5b(5)
Lit: RISB 7622; Y: X3nio JV3 Bek ib.
- N-JM J1'3 n.m. watercourse (4 X'a) sg. X'B JV3
Xicai watercourse for rain SSHai 6a(8)
- 'nV'a '3 n.m. salt store (4- 1# xnV'B) sg. Pes
8a(39);/fZ33a(31)
Voc: 'ffr'S '3 Pes ib.(HPP 7:17); Y: 'nVa '3 AZ ib.
n.m. channel where water
enters (4 VVVy, X'a) sg. SSHai 6b (9)
- N*a pS'P Jl'3 n.m. channel where water
exits (4 VpBJ, X'a) sg. .sS/fai 6b(10)
- 'JTS'a '3 adv. in the middle (4 VyXB, 'yX'BS,
s.v. nxyX'B; cf. Ma X'X'aV to the middle MD 269)
a. temporal: 'yx'B3 TI'X 'X if he brought (proof
saVa '3 2
of maturity) in the middle [i.e. during his
Naziriteship] Naz 30a(5); b. spatial: nV D'plB 'XI
'yX'BS if he sets it [i.e. the side wall] up in the
middle Er 16b(29); 'yXB '3 mm 'Xpi the gold is
located in the middle (of the garment) BM
7a(-36); ib. 7b(36; Es); Ket 31b(10); San 64b(23);
Kar 6b(41); 'X'a'3 SMel 50:211
Y: 'XX'O? Xer ib.
- N3^» '3 n.m. palace, authorities (lit. house
of the king; 4- XD^B; Sy rdiA-bb &->^p PSm
489) 1. palace: sg. X3"?B '3 XDX Jl'dBXT you
brought myrtle branches to the palace Ber
9b(39); San 109a(16); BM 83b(31); 2.
authorities, government: sg. im "?1D'X1 V'T'X
X3"?B '3 XSlip I shall go and inform on them to
the authorities Git 56a(6); Ber 58a(38); BM
86a(7); X3"?a 'n xn^'B xyanwx >\Kb the
authorities finally heard the matter [lit. the matter
was heard in the palace] AZ 18b(5); Pes 57b(3)
Y: XS^n '3 Ber 56a(57).
- Nninoa '3, NrilOa '3 n.m. bathhouse
(4- 2# xmnoa, 2# xmoa) sg. xmnoa 's TGHark
23:23; Xmoa '3 X'BT XitlX S'TT mn he was sitting
in a tub of water in the bathhouse Ber 22a(55);
Git 67b(33); XIVIOB '3 3'n' "\7\ X"n 'T PN was
sitting in the bathhouse Qid 33a(21); Hul
45b(32); Sab 140a(27) II AZ 30a(8); .tV X3"?'31B
XmDB 'S1? rrnrn n'JXB I shall carry for him his
clothes behind him to the bathhouse Er 27b(ll)
//5A/41a(15)//5'an62b(44)
Y: XiTinop '3 Qid ib.(BAYTN 191); XrlTOS '3 Ber ib.
- Nrnsya '3 n.m. press-room (4 xrnxyB) sg.
BM 23b(43; Es); ib. 74a(20)
Y: xrrayn '3 bm ib.
- KnpSa '3 n.m. anus (4 XJlpBB; lit. place of
excrement) sg. HTipSB '3 y'T X"?T Xpir 'XH an
infant whose anus is not recognizable Sab
134a(25)
Geon. expl.: 1BUS "731 X'XTOW Dipa [,T|?nBB :text] iTjyBS <'3>
GnK5 169:25.
- NISa '3 n.m. boundary, boundary area
(4- 1# XIS'B; Ma X'TTB J1'3 frontier, borderland
MD 64) pi. nxa '3 mn^B YI.TJ he should
completely detour around the boundaries BQ
1S1S3 '3
81b(33); ib. 34; •'IXB '3 W"T 'DB (he acquires
possession) from the time that he treads on the
boundaries BM 14b(3); '"IS'B n V'SXl ri'SW 13'X
XI1BT PN used to bite and eat at the border areas
of the town AZ 3 5b (50)
Y: '1SB '3 BQ ib.
- NBHpa '3 n.m. the Temple (4 XtthpB; TA n'3
X^ipfi TO Dt 33:19, Sy «LLx.aSn Iuj=> LS
649, Ma X'EHXpB n'3 MD 64) sg. '3 nin '3
XiyipB when the Temple was in existence Meg
16a(13); XttnpB '3 3'in '3B from the time that
the Temple was destroyed AZ 3b (29); '3T 'IB
XttHpB the utensils of the Temple Meg llb(43);
ib. 55; iSGF 72:17
Y: XWlpa n'3 San 95a(20).
- K33B;a n'3, NMt^'a X1'3 n.m. sleeping area,
bedroom (4 X3D1£?a; Sy r^Ajajx^n ^ . -p PSm
490) sg. n'33iya ri'S'^o 21:3; ib. 33:15; n'3
pn'33WB ib. 11:7; (n)'33tt/B m iSGF 96:12; n'3
rP332TB Bo 33:20; ib. 44:5; 59:14; 64:5
- N(n)5?3"ia '3 n. I 1#XJV3 mng. 6i
- '"13,3 '3 n.m. carpenters' shop (4 1# X"IM) sg.
'113 'ST Xl'Sn an ax of a carpenters' shop BB
73b(30)
- N113 '3 n.m. temple of a (Persian) fire cult
(4- XTD; Sy k4o-s *\_<u=i LS 70) sg. A^ec? 62b(10;
V2)
- KnKjn '3 n.m. brewery (4- Xn'tj; lit. house of
vats) sg. [X311D :marg.] XTIX'TJ '31? -|1l'?''n3 nan
Bim (if you have) dates in the looped portion of
your cloak [i.e. a surplus], run to the brewery
(with them before they spoil) Pes 113a(18)
- KnS3 '3 n.m. smithy (4- XnS3) sg. xnDJ '31 X33
the gate of the smithy Git 56b(41); XriDl '3T X'B
water of a smithy ib. 69b(40)
Geon. expl.: lXin'JX J1'3 OHT Git 157:19, i.e. JliUI ^; Y:
XriB? '3 Gil 56b(41).
- 1S1S3 '3 n.m. (uncertain) pi. ■\5-\Vl '3V VxiBP
V'TX XV PN did not go to ... Sab 116a(45) [* 4 '3
]T3X]; 'SnsJ '31 X13©V '1BT1 '3H these dates are
for i.-beverage of ... Er 80a(2)
Geon. expl.: lit '3y ri'3 'BIX'J n'3 GnK5 173:1. Lit: Geig,
AAC 84, s.v. 1T3K '3, rejects all proposed P etyms. and
suggests an A origin; Shaked, Study 173+, suggests a deriv.

xwi 'a
T T
from Par "nasrayift Nazarene; Y: 'BIX? '3 Sab ib.
- Ml '3, Ntf3'3, KB7K3 n'3 n.m. family
home, estate (< X$3'X '3 lit. house of a parent;
4- Xtf 3'X mng. 4; Sy {\r i> Jvj-sd household LS
72, Ma TOX3X n'3 home, family dwelling MD
63) 1. family home: sg. '33 '3W Pam pwy 7\TQ1
nvi I have maintained her for twenty-five years
in her family home Ket 104b (27); ,TO3'3 ib.
70b (15); mi '3^ N^TX Nnax she became upset
(and) went to her family home BM 84b(8; Ar
[AC 1:126]); Ket 49a(l); Bes 29b(16) // Hul
110a(19); BB 12b(38); '3PP 3T7 iTIM '3 PN's
family home Sab 23b(28); WV1 '3 Jfev 35a(39);
2. family estate: sg. n'31 X30TJ1? H7 n"7DX Xp
'NW3 she is squandering the fruits of the labor of
my family estate Yev 117a(29); W3 D'3T '03'3
the property of my family estate &r6 116b(4);
X©3'3a X3H 1«/ya a tithe which comes from (her)
family estate Qid 24a(10); Yev 66a(41); Xrin'X
rWi n'3 p X3iaa nnnn a woman who inherited
money from her family estate HP 53:20; X'3H3
7W1 ^3 p nxWXi the dowry which she brought
from her family estate TGHark 36:2; rwta n'3 ib.
35:29; "ff3 n'3 TG^S 53b:4
Lit: Nold, ZDMG 40 [1886] 7403; Eps, PLA 229; Y: Xfo '3 &*
116b(4).
— 'C73 '3 n.m. women's part of the house
(i Xnn'X; Sy <JL}_ Avjl^, PSm 491) sg. '*? US'"?
Vffl '31? '13 J '3D 'X3a let them remove for me my
clothes from the men's part to the women's part
of the house Er 68a(29)
Y: '»: '3 Er ib.
- nN'frJ '3 n.m.coll. House of the Nasi or
t ■ :
exilarch (4- nx'fc/J, HX'feN '31) 1. House of the
Nasi: sg. HX'EU '31 Xna'N fear of the House of
the Nasi Sab 122a (9); nXTM '31 XrWS the
entrance of the House of the Nasi Ket 34a(13);
MQ 24b(l9); xnx3na rr1? njipa mn '3 -iryVx n
b'piy mn X1? nN'BU '3a when they used to send
PN presents from the House of the Nasi PN did
not take (them) Meg 28a(32) // Hul 44b(42); "\
mn nX'P3 '31 X3nn |*3n PN was a relative by
marriage of the House of the Nasi MQ 25b(24);
Yom 78a(ll); Hul 124a(46); 2. House of the
'N^ipO '3
exilarch: sg. HX'BN '31 Xnp' the honor of the
House of the exilarch Qid 70a(33)
Lit: Beer, BE 6+; Y: .IX'fcU '3 Ket 65b(29).
— N330 '3 n.m. prison (etym. unkn.) sg. TOX mn
X3303 he was confined in a prison £r 21b(25; SM
115:20); X'a 31"ia X33D '3 D3"ia xa71 »"n he was
concerned lest the prison be damaged by the
excessive water (and he would escape) ib. 28(SM
115:21)
- KH0 '3, KHD3, pi. IWPH0 '3, NJlinO'3
t;t ■•' ' *^ ttt; ■■' ttt:-
n.m. pillow (< '10'X + '3; 4- X'TO, XID'X; Sy
"" '^ *** T f*: '<'S-«»t<' ^i i •p], pi. rC'&'nfi-flo-Xp
LS 80, Ma XnXD'3 MD 62) sg. {,1WH X3'3ia X7
n'r)13T3 X33'Sna X"?T na3 X'10@'3X I do not lay
my head down on the pillow until I thoroughly
evaluate the claims in his favor Sab 119a(3; M);
X'10@'31 X'TIS the bed and the pillow ib.
118a(28) // BB 9a(37); bs: X'T0@'3» NTT1X the
flock (of wool) fell out of the pillow Ber 56a(48);
Sab 48a(22); X'lD '3X nnnxi mnSDlD1? n"?pitf he
took his phylactery and placed it on the pillow
MQ 26a(40); Ket 61a(43); ,T3niXl H'Oap H'tJpJ
n"10@'3 (ni'mn he took him, tied him, and
placed him under his pillow San 95a(39) [Var:-'3
mo F2; X'TO '3 Ar (AC 7:120, s.v. B»p)]; BM
85b(50); pi. Xn"T0@'3 vm Sab 124b(12; V)
[Van xmn0'3 HG1 194:3l(Var)]
Geon. expl.: mwa^K Wrt X'TO '31 XTT1X OHP Ber 105:20, i.e.
'<,jjLA\ j-ii stuffing of a leather pillow. Lit: Geig, AAC 85;
Krauss, TAr 1:392'12; Voc: XH63 HPP 216:21; Y: KHB '3 Sab
146b(36).
- N3T10 '3 n.m. brewery (4- X3110) sg. X3110 '31?
tJVPl run to the brewery Pes 113a(18; V14)
Y: XJ1W J1'3 Pes ib.
- NIH'P '3 n.m. winter house (4- XWO; Sy
K'oiv^o & .r. PSm 492) sg. xidit nai nana
XW03 Xt5"p '31 XD"p3 XWD '3 1331 '1J1D PN and
PN2 used to tear down and build a winter house
(used for prayers) in the summer and a summer
house in the winter BB 3b(24; Es)
Y: KllJVO '3 BB ib.
- '^VipO '3 n.m. polishers' shop (4- HX^lpD) sg.
'X'jipD '3D XSD3T XDD 'XT'? let him bring a silver
cup from the polishers' shop BM 84a(20)
216
K»a ni3j; n'3
T * "
- N»» '113J? T1'3 n.m. watercourse (i Vl35? pa.,
X'a ni35?) sg. X'B ni3y n'3 SSHai 1 lb(16; O)
- KJI'V'XT '? n-m- upper floor (4- l#xn'V>5/) sg.
Xn'Vy '3a X"?p pS3 a voice came forth from the
upper floor BM 84b(24)
J1'3 n.m. grave, pi. cemetery (lit.
eternal'abode; 4- Xaty; Pal oty n3 PAT 397,
DNWSI 160, mng. u, Sy rdiJAi b^=>
sepulcher LS 70, JPA Dty n'3 DJPA 95) sg. liai
n'a^y n'31? neS'X ,TJ?"ia he died as a result of his
illness BB 153a(34) [in a writ]; SSHai 8b(15);
SSSad 215:6; TGAs42 156:3; pl.abs. Paty n'3
San 19a(38)
Geon. expl.: 7m I'a^y n'31'xnpiw ;vn3pn i'j'k pa^y i'33 xwo
i3f>,7 n's^y n'S1? iDBn'x n'yna « oh San 148:4. Lit: J.C.
Greenfield-A. Yardeni, IEJ 25 [1996] 397; A. Hurvitz, Maarav
8 [1993] 59+; Y: 'nty ri'3 BB ib.
- '"llXy '3 n.m. wine/oil press (4- Visy) sg.
mXJ/ '3T X3ip the corner of the press BQ
27b(i9; f1); nisj; '3 xnsniyaT xn'3D3 n3 a
pregnant ... which is found in the press BM
86b(30)
- Nnpj; '3 n.m. place of trouble (4- xnpy,
xnp'3)'sg. Sab 77b(31) [expl. as 4- xnp'3 ib.]
Geon. expl.: XVI 1i Dip» into Knpy'3 TGAs28 164:11; Y: '3
XJIpJf 5a6 ib.
- NJS '3, 'JS3 n.m. bit, halter (4- XJS) sg. '133
XVT-IDT an iron bit Sab 51b(20)
- NlplS '3 n.m. perh. anus (etym. unkn.) sg.
nnpis '3X i3'n3Bi nyu?i xa'an ]3'n"a we bring
warm barley (bread) and place it on his anus Yev
76a(12)
Expl. Rashi; Y: nj?1S '3 Yev ib.
- TPS '3 n. (uncertain) TlTl 'ms '3 Pes
lllb(15); ib. 16
Y: Xrn? '3 Pes ib.
- 'pt^S '3 n. (uncertain; 4- X'p© '3) sg. '3X1
'3T yWB it grows in ... Sab 21a(12; RDQ, s.v.
py) [Var: 'pttfinai MRashi; 'p^3n31 Ar (AC
3:15); X'pW '3 O]
This diff. word and its varr. have been discussed by Koh ib.,
who prefers the above rdg., but his P etym. should be rejected
[v. Geig, AAC 137, s.v. J7IW1].
- N11S '3, N1N1X '3 n.m. neck area, collar
(4- X-lllX; MH2 IXlsn n'3 Sab 48a[23]) 1. neck
area: sg. Xp13 XT33 X1N1S '3T xV^m n'T'S'Vl
let him tie it [i.e. a piece of salt] in the space of
the neck area (of the garment) with a yellow cord
Sab 66b(39) // AZ 28b(3) [v. Geon. expl. infra];
2. collar: sg. nniS'3 "ino X[a]V'T Wm he is
apprehensive lest he tear open the collar (on the
Sabbath) OHT Sab 50:17
Geon. expl.: WX"in JW»n DipO OHT ib. 50:14.
— '3'S '3 n.m. storehouse of firewood (4- '3'S)
sg. Pes 8a(39); '3'S '31 XT^pX the key of the
storehouse of firewood Git 56a(28; MGD
626:21); Yom 75b(24)
Y: '3'X '3 Pes 8a(39).
— K13|? '3, '"13p '3 n.m. cemetery (4- l#X13p;
Pal X113p n3 PAT 346, Sy nr'io -. n a OSIEO
267, rc'Hft -^..n i\_^p LS 72, Ma X'13ip n'3 MD
64) sg.'xi3p '3 Tan 21b(21); X13p n'3 X3n' (the
demon that) dwells in the cemetery HMGas 94:2;
HM 46:5; n3p '3 nno m3rfr iT1? I'asxi xinn a
certain person who hid witnesses against another
in a cemetery San 29b (8); '3 TO'-api TO'^p "7't
'13p go, burn it [i.e. the wheat], and bury it in a
cemetery /4Z62b(13); Yev 86b(13); BM 107b(4);
'13p n'3 VTItn xmfll] the spirit residing in the
cemetery Bo 74:14; ib. 119:23; 123:6
— '"lip '3 n.m. place where beams are placed
(4- 2#XTIp) sg. BB 98b(25) [Es: nmp '3; P'Ed:
'113 '3]
— NB"p '3 n.m. summer house (4- XD"p; Sy
rf V,'. rS ^p PSm 495) sg. BB 3b(24; Es)
[4- X1WD '3]
Y: XB'^p '3 BB ib.
— "lO'j? '? nm- imperial house(hold),
government (4- 10'p, no'p '31; Sy
PSm 496) 1. imperial house(hold): sg. mn '3
n'ssx1? iD'p '3T xnnax ps3 no'p ^b 'nx when he
used to come to the imperial house, the
maidservants of the imperial household went out
to greet him Ket 17a(18) // San 14a(46); '3T Xlp'
"lO'p the honor of the imperial house Sot 40a(41);
Yom 73a(30); Hag 5b(12); 2. government: sg.
"7'ix 'as xin is iD'p '3*7 'mVsV m n'K 'xi
nVD(a)l if he has to bribe the government he will
217

'Ti?'?
218
1?31 '3
also go and bribe (it) Ber 27b(48; F); Yev
65b(36); BB 10a(27);5a« 108b(53); ib. 109a(18)
Voc: nO'f> '31 VTM 95a; Y: "ID'j? '3 Hag 5b(12).
— 'Tj? '3 n.m. bitumen storehouse (4- 1# XTp)
sg. Pes 8a(39)
Voc: n'j?'3ii.(HPP7:l7)
— NXSj? fi'3 n.m. jumping platform
(4- Vl#ysp) sg. Geon 3:6 [expl. 4- xmiwa]
— 31 '3, 3T3 n.m. be rav, place of elementary
or advanced instruction (4- 31, s.v. X31, '3 13
31, 31 '31 XIS'O) a. elementary school: sg. '1p V'T
3T33 go (and) learn to read (Scripture) in the be
rav San 33b(25) [i.e. get a basic education] // Hor
4a(43) // Kar 13b(41); Xip xV 31 '3 ''SX nU»
Manoah did not even learn to read (Scripture) in
the be rav Ber 61a(47) // Er 18b (26); '31 Xpi3'
31 an elementary school pupil [lit. child of the be
rav] ib. 28b(7); Tan 23b(36); b. place of
academic activity: sg. 1) general: VU'JirDWX
'laxpl '3fi'1 31 '31 P311? I found the students of
the be rav sitting and saying Bes 19a(7); Ket
90b(22); BQ 85a(29); Nid 47a(12); "fr '27'ipa 'X
im ... 3i '33 'jw 10'in 3'ri' ^ix ... 3i '31? rfrrx
31 '33 xn"3inx '32/ 10'in 3'ri' ^IK if I become
betrothed to you will you go (to study) in the be
rav? He went to study in the be rav for twelve
years. He went again (and) studied for another
twelve years in the be rav Ket 62b(50); ib. 37;
63a(20); X32/n xri'BV XI.IS X1X33 'I'll 3T3 '33
3T3V XBipi should the students of the be rav
who live in the rural district come to the be rav
at night and at dawn? Pes 8b(15); mi '3 X311 31
3i '3» pi rrtoy 'rrai rpsa map1? X3'i 'nx
when a court case used to come before PN, he
used to gather together and bring ten students
from the be rav San 7b(15) // Hor 3b(33); V'TXl
31 '3 n'Vl33 Tfbp its sound carried in the entire
be rav Yom 19b(43); X1? '1E?n 'BV31 ]D'3 '8V3
X7W XblD 13'31Ta3 IIIDTI x"?1 '371 '3 31 '31? WJ1
do not come to the be rav during the months [lit.
in the days] of Nisan and Tisri so that you should
not be bothered with your sustenance during the
whole year Ber 35b(25); XWlia '3S '71X ,111 '3
'1'T '3X rrrX^nx1? p©3B mi 31 '3» when he used
to come from the study house : be rav [double
rdg.] he used to kiss his sisters on their hands AZ
17a(23); 2) as part of an additional designation
[4- 31 '3 13, s.v. 4- 1#X13, 31 '31 XIS'D, s.v.
4- XIS'D]: 31 '31 '3D the scholars of the be rav BQ
75a(39); 3T31 XTVUX ISO the book of Aggadot
of the be rav San 57b(2); Mak 10a(33) [4- XT1X];
Men 33b(36) // BB llb(7) [4- X1103X]; 'S'2 '31
31 '31 mats of the be rav Ber 25a(25); 'VU3
31 '31 'K'lSp the fullers of the be rav are idle Tan
29b(i4); nxwa 'ixa/a 3i '3i 'ru'iV nin1? yir 3i
PN used to sow the vegetable garden of the be
rav in various garden beds ]Qid 39a(50; O2)
Gaon. expl.: niWYTO TO GC 133:3; Lit: Goodblatt, RISB 108+,
deals w. the individual passages and shows that the exact
physical nature designated by the term cannot be determined;
Y: 3-1 '3 Ber llb(25; Mo 263).
- ... '3l/3n '3 n.m. the beta (home?/school?)
of PN (4- 31/'31) sg. a. general: 'SS 3T3 ]3'1,1 '3
when we were in the beta of PN RH 29b(4); ]331
'S3 31 '31 the scholars of the beta of PN Suk
46a(25); 'B/X 31 '31 ]331 ib. 26; mnDDa '3pna Xp
nnn' 31'3 D'190 they were repairing the
coverings of the (Torah) scrolls in the beta of PN
San 100a(10); b. esp. the amora Rav: 3T3 '18X
3i 'ax x"?x 3T3 'iax X3in 3i 'ax xm X3in 3i
X313B1 (the statement:) "They say in the beta of
Rav" (refers to) PN. Does not PN, in fact, say:
"They say in the beta of Rav?" Rather say: "(It
refers to) PN2" ib. 17b(26); 311,1'aWB 31 '3 'iax
they say in the beta of Rav in the name of Rav
Sab 85a(23); Pes 7b(30); Yev 83b(l 1); Ket 6a(l);
BM 102b(13); BB 80b(38); Hul 30b(17); X31D'p
31 '31 a small room of the beta of Rav Sab
66a(14)
Lit: Goodblatt, RISB 126+.
— ]331 '3 n.m. place of advanced instruction
(lit. house of the students; 4- ]331 mng. 2) sg. 'xa
]3311 Xri'3 1331 '3 what is be rabbanan? The
'school' of the scholars Meg 28b(20); "13riX31
p3i '3a inxi iy lmsj1? pD3ai psi '3 oxiirru
by enabling their(f.) sons to learn the oral
tradition in the be rabbanan and they wait for
their husbands until they come from the be
rabbanan Ber 17a(48) [// XEHia '3 Sot 21a(34)];
TDX XrW33 'lb ]331 '38 '12/ 1331 TjV XTO33 '3a
it is permitted (to transform) a synagogue into a
HI '3 219 »33
be rabbanan. It is forbidden (to transform) a be
rabbanan into a synagogue Meg 26b(49); mn
1331 '3 p'TB Xim there was a certain demon in the
be rabbanan Qid 29b(36); '3 pum ]331 piop1?
1331 the scholars gathered them [i.e. the
barraitot] and learnt them in the be rabbanan
ISGF 39:11; (6. 46:18
Lit: Goodblatt, RISB 108+; Y: 1J3T '3 Ber 17a(48).
- n*l '3 n.m. area for plowing (4- 111) sg. Ill '3
Xav (area of a field) that can be plowed in one
day BB 12a(24; F2Es)
Lit: Eps, PLA 227 [other expl.].
- Wnn '3 n.m. mill house, mill (4- XTl'l; Sy
r" i nj ^ t -p mill PSm 496) 1. mill house: sg.
>|r71 "3X1 X711 '3 PN's mill house leaked Bes
36b(9); ib. 12; XTl'l '3 X£>aB/ai IXa 'XI one(f.)
who has sexual intercourse in a mill house Ket
60b(52); 2. mill: sg. '13 T131 XTl'l '3 mill of the
olive presses TGHark 86:9
Y: XTl-l '3 Bes 36b(9).
tP'"l '3 n.m. exilarch's house or estate
(4- xrvfa i»'i, xnV7i tf'i '3i) sg. '31? 'nxi ixa "?d
XJIV?} n whoever comes to the exilarch's house
Er 40a(3); Ber 50a(36); Pes 103a(30); Sab
62b(13); Xm1?; W'l '31? y'jp'X X31 PN happened
to come to the exilarch's house MQ lla(35); Ber
40a(12); Sab 24a(10); AZ 72b(36); ©'1 '31 XMl'D
XHV7J, the entrance of the exilarch's house Sab
126b(10); Bes 23a(10); MQ 24b(21); Hul
84b(23); p'SfcD xmbi W'l '31 XSriX ]3X we rely
on the table of the exilarch's house (to continue
our meal) Ber 42a(26); Er 39b(18); Hul 97b(5);
X3'1 IX1? ,T3'1 XJir>l 2/'1 '3D XrlWI B'p3 X1? 'X if
he does not take judicial authorization from the
house of the exilarch, his judgment is void San
5a(6); rrnyaws xrrr7j ip'i '3 xi3iy lay ian3 si
PN decided the case in the exilarch's house
according to his legal tradition Er llb(23); SOZ
72:20
Y: xrnVs v-n '? Sab 62b(i3).
- KTlBtf '3 n.m. perh. top part (4- X11D2?) sg.
xainn IJ? ,1'nSB? '3& I'1? '3p (one who buys a date
palm) acquires ownership of it from its top up to
the abyss BB 37b(21; RaH [TGAs42 218:33])
[Var: n'HS'^a Ar (AC 8:130)]
All mss.: rP^lB'BO; Lit: TGAs42 ib., n. 6.
- NJj?fi? '3 n.m. irrigated field (4- 2#X'ptt>, '3
'P«?S; TA X'6l X'pii? ri'3 TO Gen 30:38, Sy
K'in; ivjLjp PSm 498) sg. '31 X'pttf '3X1
(Jonas' ricinus) grows on an irrigated field Sab
21a(12); X'pitf ri'3 HM 41:8; X'DI X'piS fl'3
SSHai 6b(6); Qid 62b(41)
Lit: Eps, SSHai 2620.
- '"liD '3 n.m. place for keeping cattle
(4- 1# Xliri; Sy rc'Hoii ivj^p PSm 498) sg. Er
26a(15)
Y: nin '3 Er ib.
- H1VT) '3 n.m. straw storage shed (4- X33TI)
sg. Er 60a(26); BQ 117a(32); (1)(]}31 111 '1WD3
'33'J1 '3 they used to sleep in the straw storage
shed in the winter Ned 50a(6)
- '"1J3J1 '3 n.m. storehouse for dates (4- XTliari)
sg. Pes 8a(39)
Y: 'inn '3 Pes ib.
- 'Sri '3, "SJl'3 n.m. stove, fireplace (4- X'Bri;
Sy r? V *.b\ Ai . •-, LS 830, Ma X'Bri'3 pi. cooking
vessels MD 64,' s.v. XDJl'3) sg. 1331 'V3 "Sn3 a
stove in JPA GC 100:6 [expl. MH VSB MNeg
12:5 and expl. as Arab uj^ (4- X3133)]; Xim
'SJ1 '3X 3'H'l in a case where it is placed upon
the stove Ber 39a(40; F) // Er 29a(7; O); D1E/a
X'DJl '3X 1"11 because (a rooster) sits alongside
a stove Sab 77b(29; Ar [AC 8:257]); '31 X113T1
'SJ1 an oven and a stove Anan 49:5; HP 25:2
Lit: Eps, GC 10018; Geig, AAC 86; HAL 93, s.v. JtotiX [Sem.
etym.]; Voc: 'Sri '3 VTM 27; Y: 'BP '3 Ber 39a(40).
2# NT1'3 4- xny'3 n.
Nrn'ri'3 4- ivr adj.
N3ri'3 4- X3I1B n.
'133 4- 2# '13 adv.
'33 vb. to cry, weep (4- X'33, XJI'33; Sy rLk^a
LS 73, Ma X33 MD 64) Pe.: ri'D3 Xp 'X»X why
are you crying? Ber 5b(29); Hag 15b(43); Hul
107b(33); 'yai pjU Xpi '33 xp mi he was crying
and shedding [lit. were falling] tears Sab
33b(45); SOZ 72:20; '33 Xlp 'XH 'DB '3
whenever he would come to this verse he would
cry Hag 4b(17); San 103b(41); '33 Xpi 1"tn

N'33 220 Nyfta
"I'nXl he saw him crying and laughing Ber
18b(48); Tan 25a(36); Yev 122b(8); ,T»'N X'TO
iTHp X'33 X(p)W(1 his mother came and was
crying before him Ber 31b(47); Git 39b(40); BM
84a(46); BB 151a(36); San 95a(41)
NJ33 n.m. (professional) weeper (4- V'33 pe.
part.) pi. X"33 133 did the weepers weep (for
naught)? Tan 5b(39; M)
p3 4- p adv.
T33 adj. early flowering (4- Vl33; JPA T33
DJPA 103) sg.m. p" X1R3 typ^l TD3 OX if an
early flowering and a late flowering (plant)
sprout together San 18b (3 5)
Y: T33 San ib.(BAYTN 234).
Nffll'33 n.f. birthright (4- Vl33; TA -\ftrni TO
Gen 25:31, Sy rc'&cuj ; «v -> LS 74) sg. n'WB3a
Spy1? n'fllTSaV 133T (Esau) sold his birthright to
Jacob of his own accord Ber 7b(17); ib. 21; 713
'33T 'a 'XTIID'PB 'XniTOaaV '33P! granted that I
have sold my birthright. Did I sell my plain heir's
right? Sot 13a(22); ib. 23
Y: XrrtT?3 Sot ib.(BAYTN 177).
KH'33 n.f. crying (4- V'33; TA rprVoa TO Gen
50:4, Ma Xri'33 MD 65, Sy «* •• *■ -^ LS 73) sg.
fTO'33 Vp the sound of His crying Mannl
348b:9 = OHP Ber 92:21; Bo 106:3
^33 4- XV73 n.
133 vb. to give birth to a firstborn (4- 1# X1313,
T33, xnil'33, X133; MH 133 hif. J 170, Sy
•Uxj= etpa. to be firstborn LS 74) Pa.: nri'X DX1
'T33 X*71 nn'X DX ... !T331 if it were the case
that (the animal) had/had not given birth to a
firstborn Bek 21b(20)
N133 n.m. firstborn (4- Vl33; cf. Sy ^ji-f.
first fruits LS 74) pi. 'W11BX1 H'331 '133 pIB'B
111'yai '133 to redeem the firstborn of their sons
and to set aside the firstborn of their cattle
AnanSch 13:12; '13X3 ib. 13
1# t<Va, pi. 'KVa n.m. curtain (< pi}Xov Lehnw
235; Sy KlSMo LS 185) pl.abs. xnxi1131 PxVa
curtains of reed mats GC 55:9 [expl. MH XllXBa
Nid 67a(3)]; det. X33X 'X"733 3'm 1X13 p'Vo the
adulterer went out and sat among the curtains by
the door Ned 91b(13; V2) [but v. 4- 'X13]; Cl'xVs
'V'3T11 'V'lTI Xnxi1131 curtains of reed mats, of
straw, and of baskets TGAs28 12:19
Lit: Eps, GC 5619; AAC 165, s.v. rrW
n.m. rural or open area
(< 4- 2# X13; 4- xVaiW; Ma 2# xVx3 MD 48) sg.
xVx31 'Py wild goats Hul 80a(31) [lit. goats of
an open area]; XVX31 "XaiX pagans of the rural
area AZ lla(26; TGHark 22:16,RaH) [expl. as
mi31»3K?1 TtWtnV O'lJ TGHark ib. 17]
Lit: Geig, AAC 72; Abramson, AZ xix; Y: nVx? //«/ ib.
Vbl 4- xV adv.
[iIKV? adj. of GN pi. g/rf 70b(35)
Rashi: mnBBO IK niBipa Jll»». Lit: Eshel, JSB 77; Y: 'K^3 girf
ib.]
'BN NV3 4- 1#XBX
'3.11*63 4- 'an adv.
^3^3 vb. to mix up (VVV3 pal.; 4- V?313,
XJl'VaVsa; Sy A^NS LS 74, Ma bbl MD 66)
Pal. 1. to mix up: VsVsa XT1X the air mixes up
(the saps of the tree) Git 22a(29) // BB 27b(l 1);
pass.part. ]V3^3ai DIPS because (the colors of
the eye) are mixed up Bek 44a(23); 'V3V373 Hul
26b(8) [of different liquids]; 2. (uncertain):
nnV'aVsi n^pi BW13 xp'T V'Xyi the wind entered
into the oesophagus and trachea (of the
slaughtered animal) and ... it OHT Yev 238:6
Itpal. 1. to be mixed up: n'yiT VsVs'tt the
offspring (of the animal) is mixed up [i.e. it is
from both the father and the mother] Hul
69a(25); ib. 27; 2. to be disturbed: 111X13 VsVS'V
may your table be disturbed MQ 9b(l 1) [oracular
statement]; ib. 22
[K:6a 4-3#xj"?sn.]
NBlVs n.m. oak (Sy 4# t<X<^p LS 75, Ma
Xlr?X3 MD 48) pi. 'BV73 RH 23a(23; GRH
13:19) [expl. MH D'31»7K ib.] // BB 80b(41)
Lit: Low, Flora 1:624+; Y: 'M1?? RH ib.(BAYTN 244).
Nj71^3 n.m. throat, chasm (4- VyVa, 'yT>3 '3; cf.
Sy rdio-L=> hook LS 77) 1. perh. throat: sg.
yVa' xV '33 13 min'1 n'yV73 may PN's throat not
swallow Bo 74:9; 2. chasm, ditch [cf. GN nyiVa
11A1 San 108a(30)]: pi. mpi 'yiVa the chasms of
T T
221
srVa
Korah Sa« 110a(53); 'yiVai 'T3 pits and ditches
SStfa/ 6a(6)
Y: 'X'^? ■s'a" ib-
KBh^3 n.m. searcher (4- V©V3; TA PtfiVa pi. TJ
Ze'p 1:12) sg. Xtt^'lVs GC 39:4 [w. ref. to Vpa
0"ltfr3n MKel 15:4]; pi. 'PlVa nX'lM '31 '11B?ai
n'V OTB1 (the officials) of the House of the Nasi
used to send out searchers, and they would bring
him Ber 44a(20); Nid 52a(44)
Y: XEh?3 BAYTN 208.
OnnVa 4- nnV adv.
12^3 vb. to be prominent, protrude (Sy
1# - Y V -» etpe. to have prominent eyes LS 75)
Pe., pass.part. [* yV3]: VT xVl 'BB XD'^a 'XI
this protrudes too much and is not recognizable
#w/45b(38); 'B'^a ib. 76a(31)
Y: 'B'V? Hul ib.
1# 'Va vb. to waste away, wear out (4- XJl'^3; Sy
}\ -. LS 74, Ma 2#x"?3 MD 65) Pe. 1. to waste
away: X5?"IK3 'Vx3 X1BW 'Xil this beauty will
waste away in the ground [i.e. the grave] AZ
20a(33) // Ber 5b(33); 2. to wear out: ,1'^ 'D3'»1
'"?X31 iy V'TXI he continues to wear it until it
wears out Ket 79b(20) // ib. 101a(34); '3B '311
l"?31 p311 the garments of the scholars which
wore out Ber 6a(l 1); Sab 33b(33); Meg 26b(36);
BB 146a(29)
Pa. to wear s.o. out: 'm'X3 ITI'V xV 31 '3 13""
rn'3X» X"^3'ai 'mn a student of the be rav
should not sit on a new mat because it wears out
his clothes Sab 140b(25)
Itpe. to be worn out: '3X» 1,3n in1? 1^3'X 'XI if
those garments were worn out HP 115:15
2# 'Va vb. to stun, hurry (< ',lV3*; Sy ?OT V -p
to terrify, hasten LS 75) Pe. 1. to stun: 'Vx3 "3X
'niB '"?X3 XBB 31 '3(1)(1)'1 PN used to stun flies.
PN2 used to stun flying insects Nid 17a(8); 2. to
hurry: 1,1'BX1? ^'Iia IDT 31 V'lXI '"7X3 PN was
hurriedly coming (and) moving about toward
them ib. 26b(28; M)
Lit: Geig, AAC 72.
3# 'Va vb. 4- VyVs vb.
NJrVa n.f. rag (4- Vltt'Vs; Sy rt'X . V -. LS 74,
Ma XJl'Vs MD 66) sg. xn'V33 XTp Tl'X he
brought bitumen in a rag Yev 120a (3 9); XTV^S
XJIB'W n'V ri'XT a rag that has a border Sab
134a(23); XD1B1 xn'^3 a rag of a cover Hul
8b(17); Qid 48b(52)!; XDX3ipi xn'^3 a linen rag
HM 46:4; pi. X3Xn'D1 X^X'^a ]'mn two linen
rags Anan 85:2.1; ib. 26:22; 27:19
Y: KJVta Sab 134a(23; BAYTN 27).
D^3 vb. to stop up (Sy > V -> LS 76, Ma D^a
MD 66) Pe. ( /u): X3X"?^3 D'"7X31 'X» V'piy he
removes what stops up the spigot HG1 127:65;
lin'3'V3 XEU'X '33V D'Vs X111 "jX'ttVs DN, who
stops up people in their hearts Bo 127:26; ib. 29;
]'aVai ib. 1:11; n'rp iar>3 stop him up Bo 145:2
0^3 vb. perh. to cram, stick in (Ma 0*73 MD 66)
Pe. (a/ ): XS&1X n'V 0^3 he crammed a piece (of
bread into his mouth) Hul 107b(l 1; M) [Var: dV3
V"Vl2H2Rashi]
Rdg. uncertain; cf. Ma: pS'KOlBa ... proVwi he crammed
them into your mouths MD ib.
S?V3, '^3 vb. to swallow, absorb (4- xyi"?3,
XnyVsS; Sy -v V ^ to swallow, be struck LS 76,
Ma l#xV3 MD 64) Pe. (a/ ) 1. to swallow,
devour: 5?V3 OiXlVVi n'3B3V X3"73 a dog devours
excrement for its hunger BQ 92b(37); yVa Xp
XJ13'BdV (the fish) was devouring the boat BB
74b(13); ib. 73b(13); Bek 7b(37); Sab 119a(23);
ib. 109b(35); Ber 56b(15); Ket 61b(12) [saliva];
Ned 25a(49); iSGF 95:3; XJHX pmybl the earth
swallowed them up San 110a(l); 2. to absorb:
X1ET3 yV31 X31D 3"11 the (forbidden) fat flows
(from above), and the meat absorbs (it) Hul
8b(37); 'yV3 'XT) 'JT'ISI&I Tl"im 1,lV '3'tn I see
that (the vessels) exude, and since they exude
they certainly absorb AZ 34a(2) // Pes 30b(27);
D'Vb XV bVb'» yVa yV3'D (the meat) will certainly
absorb (the milk, but) it will definitely not
discharge (it) Hul 108b(ll); ib. llla(12); AZ
76a(7); pass.part. 'yV3 yV3'& D'3y3 D'» water is
completely absorbed in the clouds Er 45b(46);
Pes 33b(20); 3. to engulf: mVl3 in3'yV31
tirtrm xun xin {{ranyVaii one door of GN
engulfed all of them [i.e. the steel axes] San
96b(9); n'yVsaV nnm 10m (the gates) ran after
him to engulf him Sab 30a(36); 4. w. 'sVip/'sVu
to receive blows [caique < Mir *cob xwardan;

aftn
222
'33
lit. to devour the rod (NP cub xwurdan to be
thrashed PED 401); Sy A, v \ --.i rthiLZ-^i Zee
13:6]: a. general: ny^>3 'SblA 'in you will receive
two blows Ber 56a(43); b. in a fig. sense: 'sVlp
nty 'B'3Xa '5?V3 '3XB I received 'good blows'
from PN [i.e. he censured me] for it Ara 22a(13)
// Men 7a(19) [Var: 'XV3 HP 120:17]; 5.
pass.part. sunken in, depressed [* D'"?3]: sg.m.
xy'T xVl XJ/'Vs 'XH this is depressed and is not
recognizable //«/ 45b(37); 'jr'ja »'fc 76a(31)
Af. 1. to include, lump together [cf. MH2 5?Va
hif. J 174]: a. food: *713'X X3X1 'V 'J/V3X put (the
maggots) together (with the fish) for me and I
shall eat (them) Hul 67b (24); 'Tin '1,13 inV jrtoa
he lumps them [i.e. the ingredients] together Zev
95b(l); b. money: y^SX "]3J 'D'WS P'3'X «]'?' '3
n'^> when a person borrows coins from you,
include (it in the amount) BM 64a(8); n'V yVsxi
XTJV XT1T he included an extra zwz for him [i.e.
he paid him five instead of four so that the seller
should quickly leave] BQ 113b(29); 2. to
incorporate: pass.part. y"?3B '31 when (the fourth
boundary of the field) is incorporated (within the
adjoining two boundaries) BB 62b(17); ]fria Er
21a(31) [towns]; ib. 57b(37) [foundation (?)
walls]; 3. to inculcate: X'33n '"I '"? y"?3X XJlV'B XH
PN inculcated this matter in me Men 17a(24) [//
Itpe., mng. 3]
Itpe. 1. to be swallowed up, blend into one
another: XT1X3 yV3'X he was swallowed up into
a cedar tree [i.e. was miraculously hidden in it]
San 101a(32); Yev 49b(22); 'JTX3 Xp mm WI '3
'yr?3'X when she saw that he was about to be
swallowed up (into the ground) San 110a(l);
VP'pTn Oy^rmi their joints [i.e. of the
animals's horn] blend into one another Hul
59b(14); lp9'3 xVl n'3'1? 113 []y*?2T\n =] fl>3JTJl
n'OlS ja "131? may (his evil words) be swallowed
up in his heart and not go out of his mouth Bo
127:13; 2. to be absorbed: n'3 jrtanc xV VOX
irm its [i.e. the infant's] blood has not yet been
absorbed in it Sab 134a(33); 3. w. m,t to be
inculcated (of knowledge): '^ XJ/Vs'X XJlV'B Xn
X313BH 31T xeni^a '3 I was inculcated in this
matter in PN's school Ber 24b(13) [// Af., mng.
3]; 4. to be smitten: rpjn l'pS3 HriXP'3 'mi
n3'B I'ytafl'ai the evil spirits go out, flee, and are
smitten from her Bo 64:13; ib. 3:7
Lit: Shaked apud D. Boyarin, Tarbiz 50 [1981] 191 [Pe., mng.
4].
tf!?3 vb. (Sy yV-> LS 78) 4- XtflV3 n.
(njDujm i xnitsa n.
'j/raa, 'X'M3 I nxyra adj.
nspaa I xnxp n.
"1 ia3 prep, in the category of, instead of
(< 4- 2#X1B*; i Vila, VVD3) 1H3 X3,Tn X3p,!?
XT'"?B1 a gold bowl as if it were (gold-plated)
bronze BQ 113b(28); rV{('))B3 XBDX1 X3"in
XJUDT fat of the thigh instead of that of the ileum
Bek 30a(l); ib. 7; 133 n'V 3H' nS'lD rr>U3-in
'DlflEn he gave him a to-e/a hen instead of a
properly slaughtered one Hul 94a(16; V") [V12:
oipas]
Y: 1»3 BAYTN 337.
l#nK33, pi. 'N33 n.m. builder (4- V'33, X'133,
l#nX33, l#Xri"33; Sy r<L±Lp LS 79, Ma X'X3X3
MD 48) pi. 'ITO T3 'X33 (will) the builders (of
the Temple) [i.e. the Persians] (be delivered) into
the hand of the destroyers [i.e. the Romans]? Yom
10a(36) [Var: "133 L]
2#riN33, abs. 'N33 n.m. bath attendant
(< *p<x(>.a)veu<; Lehnw 159; 4- '33 '3; LJLA X'33
TgEstFr 6:11 [p. 97]; cf. Sy r?\Lp *pavidpio<;
LS 78) sg.abs. "IS01 'X33 T\Vmh XT\V7\ let them
now make him a bath attendant and a barber Meg
I6a(l8; M2); pi.det. mVDVi 'X33 vb-ti? in3'-inox
'3B1X she concealed all the bath attendants and all
the barbers ib.(G)
KJ133 n.m. builder (i V'33 qatoMoxm) pi. "133
Yom 10a(36;L) [I 1#,1X33]
'3133 n.m. a Persian festival AZ 1 lb(27)
Lit.: B.M. Bokser, JAOS 95 [1975] 262.
'33 vb. to build (4- l#nX33, X'133, X3"33,
l#xn"33, 2#XI1"33; Sy xLLzd LS 78, Ma X33
MD 66) Pe., pf. 3sg.m. X33 Men 33a(9); n"33
Suk 51b(23); lpl. ]3'33 AZ 2b(41); 3m. 133 MQ
12a(9); imp. lsg. '33'X Git 68b(24); X3X n"33'X
BB 7a(l); 3m. n'^'V BB 6b(42); inf. X33'B AZ
X3"33 ■
t t : • . _
2b(41); part. lsg. X3'33 BB 7a(35); 2m. Tl'33 BB
4a(19); 3m. '3X3 Tan 20b(44);- X33T X13J Xinn
'BJl'1 XTlVp'pX X31SX a certain man who built a
mansion on the garbage dump of orphans BQ
21a(25); p'33 X33'a pXI EHpan T1'3 lino 1H3'X
they [i.e. the Romans] destroyed the Temple and
we [i.e. the Persians] actually built (it) AZ 2b(41);
'nna -[irh n'saa1? mp ma-ua pcaa xp mn they
were sawing beams from its bones to build those
towns BB 73b(19); XriB/33 '3 '3X3 Xp mn he was
building a synagogue Meg 26b (6); '"7DSD inV 133
they built benches for them BM 84b(40); MQ
10b(3); Git 68b(24); Svu 15b(ll); Men 33a(9);
Mei 14b(ll)
Itpe. 1. to be built: H'1? '3?3'X H'TT -I0'31X3
X2/lpa '3 "133'xV the Temple was supposed to
have been built in his fourteenth (regnal year)
Meg llb(55); RH 30a(45); 2. to have progeny:
xnsj "xrva "m'x"? xnri'x x'nn x'3t x1? xaV'T
perhaps I shall not merit to have progeny from
this man HP 100:10; TGHark 37:8
On 'ian» Zev 54a(10), quoted from a Targum of Gen 49:27, v.
i srma.
N3"33 n.m. building, construction (I V'33; TA
X?33 TJ Ezek 40:5, Sy KlLLu=> LS 78, Ma
X3X'3'3 construction MD 61, MH f'3'3 Yeivin,
BV 1043, Gross, Patterns 44) 1. building: sg.
X3'333 V'y'ja '13 "I1? X3T3V11 shall make windows
for you above in the building BB 7a(23); pi.
H3X'33 its [i.e. the courtyard's] buildings SSHai
6a(5; O); 2. construction: sg. Tl'TOXT '33'1? '3H
X3"33a bricks that remained from the
construction Sab 124b(35) // Bes 31b(27) [Var:
XnX'3'3B nmil'XT '33'"? '3rt IHP 594b:8]; Sab
103a(2); Er 15a(36); Pes 86a(28) // Men
98a(i8); X3'333 n'5?p© x1? xin X3'333 wypv ria'pir?
Solomon imbedded it [i.e. the wood] into the
construction. He [i.e. Darius] did not imbed it
into the construction RH 4a(19); X3X'331 n'Jl'jnX
its [i.e. the wall's] lower part and construction
SSHai llb(15); Xrfran X3'3'3 mnn destruction
instead of construction Bo 18:6; ib. 35:5; pi.
Iin '3"33 nrbn there are three (phases of)
construction Sab 102b(24)
Y: tern Er 15a(36; BAYTN 251).
'03
l#Nri"33 n.f. hairdresser (lit. builder; I V'33,
l#nX3T3;'jPA m'33 DJPA 106) pi. pip D'H '3133
Xn"33 XrT'yVp1? in the 'cities of the sea' they call
hairdressers XJ1"33 Sab 95a(5; M) // Ber 61a(35;
P) // Er 18a(54) // Nid 45b(30) [// PT Sab
12c(60)]
Geon. expl.: HDWXO Xn'M xn'y^p OHP Ber 106:20, i.e. iiuili
hairdresser; Y: xri'!J3 Nid ib.(BAYTN 203).
2#NT1"33 n.f. building, construction
(< XI13"33*; i V'33; cf. Sy nr* *\ -> LS 78, MA
XD'33 MD 67) sg. Sab 124b(35; IHP 594b:8)
[4- X3"33 mng. 2]
S333 4- X3313 n.
03, 03 NiT adv. indeed (< NP bas PED 184;
ModSy ■""-' bas Maclean 35, Ma 1#DXS,
OXDXn, O'SXn MD 361) <0>(DI3 ^Xl and also
indeed TGHark 198:5; (0)10)3 HnAnan 65:21; XH
D(3)(31 ib. 23; 1Sri3X Xin Xin ^2yt? ©S -f? 'J/3'X
you should indeed have taken (them across the
bridge) one by one on your shoulder BM 93b(36;
HGH 392:29)
Lit: Eps, Stl 77; Shaked, Elements 149.
3303, 3.30'B n.m. polipodium (a fern; < Mir
*basbayag [< MP bas many + *bay foot + -ag
CPD 88 (was), 67 (pay)]; cf. NP baspaya PED
185, > Arab ^lilj BBah 1211:21, PLAr 51) sg.
n'3 xaiai xrw 'tyaa m3'pia 3303 pi "hnn pi
xn32/3 xVn similarly he crushes cress and
polipodium on Friday and puts vinegar in it on
the Sabbath (to make it edible) HG1 225:16;
3DD'D ib. 104:79
Lit: Geig, AAC 96; Pfl 268; Flora 1:12.
0303 4- VpS3 vb.
NJ3103, N?i10'3 n.m. sweet food, sweetness
(4- VDD3; Sy rd^am-ia delight LS 81, Ma
XB013 fragrant odor MD 56) 1. sweet food: sg.
I'in'32? XB1D31? xmn room (in the stomach) for a
sweet thing (always) exists Er 82b(42) // Meg
7b(16)!; 2. sweetness: sg. n'aiD'31? Bo 87:1 [of
wine; i.e. not becoming sour]
'»103 4- VdD3 pa.
»]103 4- XS1D n.
'03 vb. to be negligent (4- X'013; Sy k'w^ to
223

D'03
224
*jn
despise, scorn LS 79, Ma XD3 to despise, trample
MD 67) Pe.: mb +xoa rvanx jwto paix "pv-
Kim X'ito n'V +X03 'M IK DlJ'a^ X'jto
xm'3(')Cl)y as one says in Aramaic: "So-and-so
was negligent in causing ..." or else: "So-and-so
was negligent in this case" OHT BQ 110:18
[expl. I X'013]
The translation of tpnfi X'oa they trampled upon their horns
Bo 78:16 which is based upon a Ma mng. is unsure.
D'03 adj. sweet, pleasant (4- Vo03; Sy
rdSa ;m^ LS 81, Ma 0'0X3 MD 48) 1. sweet:
sg.m. "pan D'03 your wine is sweet Ber 56a(34);
D'oa xto xs'xi cost xd'xt yr xaVy 'toa x-ian
(as to) wine, everyone knows that there is that
which is sweet and that which is not sweet BM
69b(3); ib. 60a(32; F'); Ret lllb(44); Bo 87:5;
Pes 107a(30) [s. -beverage]; 2. pleasing,
pleasant: sg.m. XBV3 "xto3T xV'P<an)(3:ni 0'03
X31J7DT X3T how pleasing is the cooked dish of
the Babylonians on the Great Day [i.e. the Day of
Atonement] of (the calculation) of Eretz Israel
RH 21a(2); Ned 49b(13); m'lK D'031 xtf>TOT
(GN) is high, and its air is pleasant Ret 104a(l);
n'lTH D'03 its smell is pleasant Men 74a(36);
xp'rn jrnixi xaomoa ynn our company is
pleasant and our way is far Suk 52a(54)
Y: D'03 RH ib.
NJ303 n.m. load (perh. < 4- XttTO; 4- 1# xn0'3)
sg. XJX303 xrm mm I was carrying the load Meg
18a(47) [M2: XJX3D3] // X330'3 RH 26b(25; GRH
18:34) [OEd: X31D]
DOS vb. to be pleasing, cheerful, intoxicated
(4- XB013, XB1D3, D'03; Sem *bsm HAL 156, Sy
>ifn-i LS 80, Ma D03 MD 67) Pe. (e/ ) to be
pleasing, w. ~b to please [cf. Sy - i >■ «y» — PSm
548]: 'V 'nruci xnana 'V d'D3t frya '■? nan
X3"?na '"? D'D31 T,T»3 wink at me with Your eyes
which were more pleasing to me than wine. Show
me Your teeth which were more pleasing to me
than milk Ret 11 lb(45) [expl. of Gen 49:12]
Pa. to make cheerful: xVp 'B103 to make a
cheerful sound Suk 51a(48) [of instrumental
music]; AZ 47a(38); Ara lla(10); Meg 32a(32;
G)
Itpa. to become intoxicated: XWJX 3'TI'B
ira1? pn mix p yr xto ly xmsa 'moa'xb
'3*nB a person is required to become intoxicated
on Purim until he cannot distinguish between
'Cursed is Hainan' and 'Blessed is Mordecai'
Meg 7b(18); D1D3'X ib. 20; San 38a(7); VU'Wri
'B03'BT ]XB3 pXTl I saw that they [i.e. the dead
of the Sinai Desert] appeared as if they were
intoxicated BB 73b(42; Es)
Lit: Geig, AAC 97.
Npnoa 4- xpnoi3 n.
573573 vb. to bubble (Vyy3; Sy ,v w,v ^x~> LS
82 [Lex], MH y3y3 LNVTH 113) Pal.: 'yuy3
XaiT bubbling up of blood Bek 21b(l 1)
sVay3 4- toy adv.
*niyS n.m. torch (4- V2# iy3; TA "liya TO Gen
15:17) pl.abs. XWXT piya torches of fire BM
85b(30; EsF1)
Y: (Cli»3 BAYTN 107.
DJ?3 vb. to kick (Sy ,\,;S LS 83) Pe.: xp '3
n'3 tsya p'^D as he was mounting (the horse), he
kicked him Meg 16a(24); -]3 XJB'ys I shall kick
you San 91a(25)
Pa. id.: XJTTCn TV fl'1? '3 'Biya1? you do not have
permission to kick me BQ 24b(33) [w. ref. to the
owner's cow]; ib. 32a(22); AZ 3b(3)
'573, 'N3 vb. to ask, require, want, be about to
do something (4- X'y3; Sy •* <" — LS 82, Ma
XX3 MD 44) Pe., forms of V'Xa: part. lsg. X3"3
BQ 117a(48; GTB2 201:22); 2m. JVX3 RH
4a(12); 3m. "X3 Pes 34a(38); f. X"3 Pes
113a(21); lpl. pn xp Pes 110b(43);-1. to ask [w.
p of s.o.]: xyS'D rb iya they, indeed, ask it Ber
2b(5); lyxs mn "ys nxa ysnx they asked four
hundred questions San 106b(38); 'yS'BV Xm31
"y3 is it an exceptional thing to ask questions?
ib. 39; XTlVa 'XM 'ya ask me something BQ
40a(31); nDWB T7n n'yai nna after he asked it,
he then explained it San 43a(27); Qid 25a(7); XH
mim aia nan rrra xya pn, in fact, asked (this
question) of PN2 £r 41b(l); Pes 17a(6); G//
l ib(i2); Zev 25b(i l); T,ra xnn an m> 'ya xmix1?
tonight PN will ask you about it BB 172b(3); 2.
to ask for s.t.: Tip 'ya'aV xtott "7TX the camel
went to ask for horns San 106a(55); 'XJ'a 'ya
225 '573
-p ]J1X1 'T1 ask me (for something) and I shall
give (it) to you Git 56b(21); 3. to require, need,
have to: a. w. dir. obj.: x"?'3Tl XnB 'ya it requires
a spade and a basket Er 35a(46); ib. 77b(3);
'nV xrya Xp xmiX1? I need them for the journey
Hag 5a(i7); 'TI3T& 'yai 'Tn' nai 'ya x'V'to
Klin at night it requires extra men and it requires
flaming torches MQ 12b(48; V); X'y3 'D'm X3to
'3'XT '3to frW a storehouse of wheat requires
sixty storehouses of firewood (for fuel) Git
56a(29; Ar [AC 4:235]); Hul 110a(9); Tan
9b(15); b. w. fol. inf.: "133'xV xrya I need to
relieve myself Ber 62a(45); 'iVyV 'Tri' 'BV 'ya
mx»a he needs additional days to inspect his
articles BM 28a(43); X'HH3 'XIS^ pS'a1? 'ya
I'priXT xron he must go out to that place which
he prepared Anan 30:25; ib. 52:14; AnanSch
24:19; 4. to want, desire, seek: a. alone: xV
xrya I do not want (it) BM 101a(46); to D'3m
'y3T na3 TBI! 'yai na he acquires as much
wisdom as he wants. He learns as much as he
wants Sab 90b(26); 'y3T 'Xa T3y he does
whatever he wants AZ 69b(7); rf? Xi'y3T na'X Vd
nV Xj'p'pu; whenever I want it I can take it ib.
53b(6); Pes 103a(33); Ned 51a(l); "n 'y3T
n'32;'V3 n'a 'y3T H'JlP'to he who wants, lives
through his tongue. He who wants, dies though
his tongue Ara 15b(48); XB'X Jl'y3'X if you
desire, say (so) Sab 50b(7); Bes 14b(5); Yev
71b(42); xa'Jl'y3'X1 San 30a(46) [andpassim]; b.
w. dir. obj.: XSaiX la 'ya Xs? do you not want a
piece? Hul 48a(47); xrya ID'mtoT xVl 13'ip' X1?
I seek neither your honor nor your debasement
BQ 102b(44); "mDVa fl'llB X3to 'y3T "731?! can
the king bestow his kingship on whomever he
desires? Hor llb(37); Xnri'X 'y3T X131 'XH a
man who wants a woman (as his wife) Bek
8b(25); 13'im iri'yaT 1XB m'X 'W ]iriX you, also,
bring whomever you want with you San 93a(44);
c. w. fol. inf.: imp'1? X3ba 'yX3 Xp the king wants
to honor you Meg 16a(16); xriBDin laxtb Xry3
ID'ra I want to learn wisdom from you Bek
8b(23); Xto-in3 '3B'V to^'a1? xrya I want to eat
tongues with mustard Hul 133a(28); miaoV iy3
they wanted to endanger him Hul 91b(30; V");
n'V xaoinn1? x'ys xax ri'V I do not want to be
married to him Yev 107b(49) [in a writ]; d. w. fol.
"I + imp.: topxi 'Xya xV 'Viap 1 did not want to
accept (anything) at all Ret 105b(48); ]Xa 'xn
ma'to 'yaT one who wants to die Nid 55b(39);
Ret 78b(45); xV 'xi mpoya ntoa 'x yvn 'yai he
wants to know if he will be successful in his
business or not (in the coming year) Rar 5b(53);
mS3'n 'ya n'VD3 'Xm this one wants to deny
all of it BQ I07a(5); xaVyV mi xjx 'DT'xt xrya
'J1XT I want myself and my generation to merit
the world to come Er 54b(50); Hul 59b(41); 1XB
XTH liriX1? mn'T 'y3T one who wants to descend
into a fiery furnace HM 40:13; D'rV 'y31 I'm
one who is awake and wants to sleep Er
104a(37); 5. to summon: xa^B '"? 'ya xp xV 'XBX
n'311? why does the king not summon me to him?
Git 68b(ll) [cf. Ma: fiBXIip m3X 1xV"X3 ID
when your father summons you before him Gy
203:6]; 'a^a "|V 'y3T Dip get up, for the king
summons you AZ 65a(18); 6. to be about to
happen [BA ntoprn"? ... iy31 Da 2:13, TA XS^XI
XlSiixV X'y3 TJ Jon 1:4, ModSy bit (< t^_=j
-*) Nold, NSGr 295]: 'yX3 xp mm mri '3
'yiVs'X when she saw that he was about to be
swallowed up (into the ground) San 110a(l); VpC?
mtopaV Xy31 XTOSO he took (his) sword and was
about to kill him BB 21b(5); rwti? Xy3 '3 when
he was about to die Git 56b(45; MGD 728:17);
BB 74b(l; P1) [4- VtJB© pe., mng. 2]; ib. 9(MGG
51:3); Suk 53a(41) // Mak lla(43); Hul 87a(24)
[i V4#'i3]; rry(t)a'B,7 xyai xtooa x'3p "?s>an
n'mm XpriX1? a reed (bundle) fell from the
ceiling and nearly pierced the membrane of his
brain Ber 19a(8); 7. w. fol. inf. should, supposed
to: 'in nxa ya© -ionaV iyai xaVn inV xm he
saw a dream that they were supposed to lose
seven hundred denars (that year) BB 10a(26);
'ar rrwys mru'so xjvb 'y3i xnsi xinn my boat
was supposed to come in ten days Suk 51b(38);
8. w. 'am to pray: 4- 'am mng. 3b; 9. in phrase
'ya 'N» what is it doing ...? [lit. what does it
want ...]: 'ya 'Xa 'T3 -pBW what is your writ
doing in my possession? BB 70a(30); Xpsn |T3
rrai x'y3 'xa nnaaa miy:a n'b since she was
freed from his (control) in na'arut, what is she
doing with him in bagrut"? Qid 4a(44); San

N???
226
N$3
82b(28); X31 rrys 'Xa what are you doing here?
Git 55b(56); MQ 9b(8); xyiX 'X,13 ri'ya 'xa what
are you doing in this field? BB 30b(4); X'ya 'Xa
'X3V31 XB1B3 "|T what is your hand doing in my
dog's mouth? BQ 23b(13)
Itpe., forms of V'X3: pf. 3m. in1? '3'X Pes
70a(14); W^'3'X AZ 22b(38; Oxf., heb. d.63) [v.
Abramson, AZ 167]; IHP 591b:5; f. "3'X #P
84:11; ib. 91:19; in1? X'3'X Ar [AC 6:124, s.v.
210]; imp. 3sg.f. -]b '3TI Per 25b(36); inf. "13'X
5g 43b(20; Oxf., heb. c.21, 28); part. 3sg.m. '3'a
SwA: 9a(9);- 1. w. "V to ask: Xp "iy3'X n'DII X31
.T1? X'y3a PN himself was really asking it BQ
43b(20); "iy3'X la1? n'1? 'jnn actually ask it
(instead of making a statement) Pas 86b(12); Git
29b(19); in1? X'ya'X they asked it Ber 21b(21);
Pes 17b(39); Yev 80a(21) [andpassim]; X'y3'X '3
p X'y3'X1 Xin '3,1 p we only asked it in this
manner BQ 52b(17); 'V X'y3'a Xp '3 when I raise
a question about it Sab 116a(24); XB'£>31 XJlV'a
xan 13 'ar? n'1? x'y3'a sm? n'1? a matter which
is clear to PN is a question for PN2 Hor 2a(37);
2. to be required, needed [archaic, dialectal]: a.
alone: pao pyana pn ian rrtn xinxa in a
place where there is no wine, there medicines are
needed BB 58b(14; F2); Ned 50b(27); Xi'ya'a 'X
33JTX xV '3'3 'J'3 if I am needed in the
meantime, I shall not be delayed San 98a(50);
Hag 4b(30); 'n'naV X'J/arra (the knife of the
Angel of Death) is required for (the fate of)
human beings Ket 77b(30; V5); b. w. fol. inf.: '31
nyrxs laya8? n'V 'yarra vay he is required to
do (a charitable deed) only inconspicuously Seel
3:59; ib. 2:2; 8:22; 29; 31; Geon 373:11; c. w. fol.
■b: 'jail'S 'Xa 1'ia1? for what does his master
need him? Git 12a(15); 'V 'J?3'» Xl,1,1 I require
that one Yom 67b(3); 'V '3'a Xlin Pes 95a(20); 3.
to be sought: a. alone: n'3 'y3'a X^ (the pure
flour) was not sought in it [i.e. it was readily
available] MQ 28a(30); xVl nVin1? xny'3 'Xy3'X
naniP'X an egg was sought for a sick person and
was not found Yom 69b(30); Sot 48a(48); Ber
56a(38); Bo 94:13; b. w. ]B: 'XJa <l>('iyaa xp I
am seeking them [lit. they are sought by me] Suk
53a(20); inrrrapx dai 'xm 0)piy3xi xa'.i I
found them where I sought them ib. 22 [Var:
■mrbpv am 'Xia lysrrxi xa'na M]; 4. w.
•\ + inf. should, ought to: x*?i mn an nnnxa
'3H 13yaV ,1'V 'y3'X he was in PN's place and
should not have acted in this manner Sab
19b(26); moa DO'a1? la1? I'1? 'y3'X you should
have put on shoes Yom 78a(16); rr1? 'ya'X
nwa nnnxi '3'n '3 n'mnx1? he should have
recapitulated it as Moses recapitulated it San
81a(30); 5. part, f.sg., impers. there is a
question: X'y3'B pIS'a p'tWltf BWB we can, in
fact, slaughter (it). Is there a question concerning
redeeming (it)? 5e£41a(8); X'y3'B X1? there is no
question Sab 81b(32); Ket 87b(21); 5M41a(3);
6. part, f.sg., impers. to be necessary, in phrase
xbtt ... K»JD'» i6 not only ... but: X'yS'B X1?
'■? piyx 'liyx xVx 'V ]1313 X*?1 '3113 not only did
they not even bless me, but they caused me
considerable aggravation MQ 9b(13); Ber
42b(37); Sab 82a(38); Pes 15b(33); 7. part,
m.sg., impers. it is proper: TOX 3'0J1 ]XB "?3
n,!? 'yana x1?! aoaaV n'V 'ysnai n'"?'i m*3'X3
x1? 'a: rroxi na 'ax xbi xnnx rraiwx1? rax1?
n'1? 'yana x"?i nra'xa x"?'x 'siorx1? n1? 'yana
■T3 X'3X xVl ixa1? naiOJXV n'axV anyone who
marries a woman (does so) of his own free will,
for it is proper for him to marry (whom he wants)
and improper for his father to marry him off to a
woman he does not want. And it is also proper
for a woman to be married only according to her
own free will, and it is improper for her father to
marry her off to someone whom she does not
want Anan 113:7
Lit: Eps, Stl 95 [Itpe.].
N$3, K'JT'3, pi. "#3, "y'3 n.m. question,
supplication (4- V'y3; cf. Sy rf"i\ fi suppliant
LS 83) l. question: sg. n'lx^y x'ya 'ya xpi owa
because he asks a question about it San 10a(13);
xan 13 'an X'ya PN's question AZ 47a(30); X'ya
p 'ya'X("!)(H the question which we asked Hul
70a(45); pya 1J",1 this is our question Ber
12a(43); ib. 25b(42); BQ 86a(8); pri'yai ]13»y3
the question which you have asked TGAs27 16:6;
X'y'3 pn TGHark 161:26; X'y3 X'n,1 iSGS
57:15; TGHark 192:13; TGAs42 64:27; ib. 66:4;
pi. "y3 nxa y31X four hundred questions Hag
"I KJTJ73 227 N3'T ^>'J/3
15b(46) // San 106b(38) [i Xm31 mng. 2]; "y'31
n'3'a )y3'aT questions which are asked of him
I$GF62:\4; ib. 66:16; 2. supplication: pi. inVl3
"y31 'am all the prayers and supplications [i.e.
personal prayers] TGHark 188:31
Y: !Py3 Pes 60a(25; BAYTN 77).
-1 N3TST3 I X3Ty n.
-3'J?3 I l#X3'y n.
NT^3 n.m. cattle (I 2#nX13 adj.; TA XTy3 TO
Gen 31:9, Sy rc'i ; s -. LS 85) sg. H'y3 QX
XTy3 IX Xnm VDp'a1? if you want to kill an ox or
cattle HM 43:6; XTjm X31T KTya "?3 all large or
small cattle Bo 56:7; X3X0M XTya unclean cattle
ib. 119:29; xyiXT XTya the cattle of the earth
Dec 7:15; pi. D'xVa p'JD 'ysiX8? ]b TDX1 we are
forbidden to mate our cattle as kil'ayim Anan
4:14; in'Tya AnanSch 13:13
JT573 4* Vliya pe., pass.part.
^J?3 vb. to have sexual intercourse (4- X^ya; Sy
• V v -» LS 84) Pe. (e/): a. alone: ,!?ya X3X I had
sexual intercourse (with a goose in a dream) Ber
57a(39); naW3 V?'SX "?'ya 'Xa "?ya X1? 'XT if he
had not had sexual intercourse (until then with
his bride) he may do so even on the Sabbath Ket
6b(l); Qid 9b(22); Nid 46a(44); nVt -ltt?S'X 'X
"?'yai in'J'a in (piy) "ipy it is impossible that one
of them [i.e. the soldiers] did not go aside and
have sexual intercourse Ket 27a(38); "?'y3T ]1'3
n'XJnV n'"?nx '"?inx as soon as he had sexual
intercourse he completely annulled his stipulation
Yev 110a(12); '3X '37Via "11,11 'Vys "?y3'a 1^133
X'0113 in GN they first have sexual intercourse
and then seat (the bride) on the b.k. -chair ib. 21;
HP 100:17; b. w. dir. obj.: n'ax Xy'ETI X131J X1H.1
"?y3 that evil man had sexual intercourse with his
mother Ber 56b(14; MGG 707:9); Xian *?y3 he
copulated with a she-ass ib. 58a(39); nVya X1? 'X
mri'13 ISO T1X X1? if he did not have sexual
intercourse with her he does not need (to write)
a writ of divorce Anan 118:25; AnanSch 31:11;
Yev 45a(34)
Itpe. (e) 1. id. (of a woman): n"?'y3'X1 p'3 na,13
HIT n1? X'ln as soon as the daughter of a priest had
sexual intercourse (with a pagan) she became a
'stranger' [i.e. disqualified from consecrated
objects; v. Lev 22:12] Bek 47a(55); TGHark
107:10; 2. to be deflowered: '11S31 xai'3 XJIMI
xynn:3 xnVim naa 'n1? x^'ya'x today, on the
Day of Atonement, many virgins were
deflowered in GN! Yom 19b(52)
*6j;a n.m. husband, fructifier (I V?y3; TA
'^3 TO Gen 30:18, Sy rdLi.jp LS 83, Ma
2# X"?'3 MD 60) 1. husband: sg. 0X1 nbys XII he
is my mother's husband Yev 97b(l); X1,11 n^^in))
X3X1 dxi n"?ya xini (ni^ya ia xim *?ya xim 3x
n'liri'XI nni3 my brother who is my father. He is
my husband and he is my husband's son. He is
my mother's husband, and I am his wife's
daughter ib. 11 [riddle]; n"?y3» XI TOD this one
deviated from her husband San 67a(28) // Sab
104b(25) [expl. PN X1t?D (p) ib., i.e. Jesus]; Ned
91a(12); Ber 56b(22); n'C?s: Tinj '"?y3 '"?S p,11
NN, my husband, died SSHai 12a(18); Dec 9:2;
HP 131:27; Tbyib 'pipiTX1? XTDX she is
forbidden to have sexual relations with her
husband Anan 60:23; Bo 3:3; ib. 9:13; pi. p'OX
P'"?y3 Anan 94:18; ib. 105:6; 2. fructifier: sg.
XyiXI n"?y3 XID'a rain is the fructifer of the field
Tan 6b(18) [cf. MH "?yan ,112/ a field sufficiently
watered by rain (i.e. not irrigated) MBBK 3:1; v.
J 182]
Lit: Kut, Words 13 [mng. 2]; Y: Xty? BAYTN 77.
- NlTiaaiN b»jra n.m. artisan (4- XrVIJBIX) pi.
xrvuaix 'Vya TGAs33 214:8
- KU1 ?'Sa n.m. enemy, foe (< Akk bel dababi
legal adversary, enemy CAD D 3, AIOA 42; TA
Xa31 V>ya TO Dt 32:27, Sy .• -^ ^.i W - LS
83, Ma xaxai^'a etc. MD 60) sg. X131 X1,1,11
XXap 13 X331 "?'y31 XXap ,1'ami a certain man
whose friend (was named) Qamsa and whose
enemy (was named) Bar Qamsa Git 55b(53); pi.
'B'pn '331^3 strong enemies Bo 36:8; ib. 37:6;
'Tia '33l"?'y3 cruel foes ib. 29:6; 2:3
Y: KHT *m Git 55b(53).
- Nan ^"y3 n.m. legal adversary (< Akk bel
dini CAD D 155, AIOA 42; 4- X3'1; Sy
rclLn \ \ -» LS 84, Ma X3'l"?'3 MD 60) sg. ^1X1
n'3'1 Vys1? n'D"S1 he went and satisfied his legal
adversary MQ 14b (3 9); Vys1? n'D"S1 n'3'1 ^'Spi

xain Vya
228
Tsa
'373 n'3'1 he accepted his judgment and satisfied
NN, his legal adversary Dec 6:4; /& 4:7; 5:4;
Anan 16:21; aiJlJID'X '31 ,T3'1 7J73 XTm ]V3
iTXUyD as soon as his legal adversary saw so, his
claims were suppressed Ket 106a(3); ib. 85a(43);
Qid 70b(18); p'1 7'J/3 Pes 112b(33; C); TGAs28
6:29; TGHark 83:25
Y: fl'l"! tya ter 106a(3).
- N3in ?i73 n.m. creditor (< MH 3in 7J/3
MMQK 9:9, 3in Yeivin, BV 759; 4- l#X3in, na
X3W) sg. ,T3in 7J/37 'B17B/7 to pay his creditor
TGHark 83:33
X»Vj/3 4- xaty n.
1# 1JT3 vb. to remove (4-1# X11J?'3; Sy i\-i pa.
to remove, destroy LS 85) Pa.: '331 XTBn 11J/3
X7'n remove the soldiers' leaven Pes 5b(45); ib.
6a(4); RH 2U(27); HP 8:3; ib. 13:15
2#nya vb. to burn (4- 2#x-iijra, xnjn; Ma
2#"IX3 MD 49) Af. to kindle a fire: J11BX 'XI
x7in'B n'3ij?3X '3 73X toxi xin xrntn niynx?i
'B1 TSE? if you say that kindling a fire on the
Sabbath is forbidden, but when we kindled it
from the weekday it is proper Anan 69:6
nj73 vb. to be frightened (4- XJllJ/'3, XJllJiy'3,
XJ1J1J/3; Sy 1# A. v -. LS 85) Pe., pass.part. 1.
frightened: 'lining 'J1X X1? JVJ/31 ]1'3 since he is
frightened he is not apt to contemplate (impure
thoughts) Sab 41a(l 1); '303B X1? 'Jl'3/31 ]T3 since
(the pagan soldiers) are frightened, they do not
make the wine nesekh ib. 10 // Nid 13a(52); Pes
8a(20); JVl'J/31 ]'3»? sometimes you are
frightened BB 59b(15); XJl'5/31 XJ17' '32/ PN is
different, since she is frightened (of falling) Bes
25b(40); Nid 66b(23); Sot 47a(4); 2. terrifying:
iTimPBWl XJl'3/3 its use is terrifying Er 61a(26)
Pa. to frighten, terrify: 'J11J/3 ,T7 Jl'J/38 nil he
used to really frighten him Ket 106a(7); Meg
29a(30); Sab 110b(4); Nid 66a(28); Xp 'J113/3
'linx 'J13/3B they really frighten each other Hul
53a(49); 5g 91a(26); Qid 24b(39); p'30 'V 31
xrmX3 '7 J1J1J/3B X71 give me your knife so that
you will not frighten me on the journey Ket
77b (27); XB7y 'J11J/37 to terrify the world Qid
76b(46) // San 21a(43)
Itpe. (e) to be frightened: XO'l pa 1'7 'HI
Jl'5?3'ai he sees it [i.e. the comet] from the other
side and is frightened Ber 58b(49); Meg 3a(42);
JliyS'X 'aytJ 'Xa why were they frightened? San
94a(5); Jl'yS'XI ]B /& 6; /fef 106a(8; Ar [AC
8:194, s.v. 73J1])
Snnya n.f. terror, fear (4- Vnjn, XJ11J15T3; Sy
^^ v -. ls 85) sg. n?'sx ,tjijij/38i xjix napa
(the goring ox) came in front of it [i.e. the
pregnant cow], and out of terror of it she
miscarried BB 93a(9; HP1); Xins X'BIB XJ1J1J/3
Jl'BXX terror loosens (a woman's menstrual flow).
Fear inhibits (it) Sot 20b(39; MGL 420:3,
TGAs28 183:10); Pes 10b(37); San 94b(38);
7B31 1J1J1J/3 fear of a camel Pes 3a(40); XJ1J1J/3
X'7'71 fear of the night ib. 3b(2)
tf 1TS3 4- XBhTB n.
JlS'lSa, Jansa n.m. a type of pastry (< NP
*paprinj [cf. NP papris- he sprinkles, scatters
PED 236 [Shaked orally]) sg. 37102/3 pi 33'1S3
,1'an77 1'7 J'13J/ &-pastry from n. -flour (which)
they make as its bread OHT Pes 36:20 = 331193
GC 143:10 [expl. D'33DO Pes 37a(31)]
Lit: Eps, GC 14325.
pX3, 0303 vb. to emit bubbles (MH2 pX3 J
183; cf. Sy .wpM^ to tear, cut up LS 80)
Pal.: "ID XX3X3B 'X if (the lung) emits bubbles,
it is terefa Hul 46b(7); ib. 47b(30) [cf. Xp'T XpBBl
HP 200:11]; TGHark 159:30; XD3D3a Hul
46b(9); ib. 14
[1X3 prep. near(?) XJ1B X'3l7p +1X3 near the
town of GN Yev 115b(31)
Very uncertain; perh. a corruption of i 1X1X3]
1K1X3 4- K111X n.
'S3 4- Vl# 'XB vb.
TX3 adj., adv. less (4- VlX3 pe. pass.part.,
1XTX3, XJ11TX3; 4- Jl'HB; Sy rc'-L.^D LS 86, Ma
TX3 MD 68) I. adj.: sg.f. XTX31 XJ171J13 X3'7
mx av ,i3'a xtx3i ,i3B7x X3'7 nj?3tt/a there is
no virgin who is less than seven [i.e. has less than
seven days of a marriage celebration], and no
widow who is less than one day Ket 7b(7); pl.f.
X3J1 '3Jlpia |TS3 ,183 how many (years) are
nsi'sa*
t t • :
229
1X3
lacking from what the Tanna reports? AZ 9a(20);
Meg llb(50; LG); II. adv.: 'X,1B 'SD1 'Xna TX3
less than this and more than that Yom 35a(7); Suk
10b(33); Qid 17a(21); 5M21a(27); ib. 84b(19);
Svu 23b(ll); TS3 XJ1'3 13X1 B/'3'X T3$7 X1?
'av ]'J17J1B a person is not apt to rent a house for
less than thirty days RH 7b(10); Mak 3b(35);
XJ7BB TX3 less than half Yom 18a(3); Men
97b(16); Meg 23b(26); TVV 13a TX3 less than
six years old Ket 50a(19); 1XB TX3 IX XB7X TX3
X1313 in TX3 IX less one thousand or less one
hundred or less one man San 95b(31); TX3 ywan
in forty-nine Sot 36b(22) [V2: '33]; XJ111S TX3 a
bit less BQ 7b(24); BM 77a(43)
Y: YX3 Sab 19a(40; BAYTN 53).
HNTXa*, KTX3 adj. one who writes with
defective spelling (4- TX3 + gent, ending) sg.m.
nxSDin X3J11 XTX3 X1S0 the (Bible) scribe is the
one who writes with defective spelling, and the
Tanna is the one who writes plene AZ 9a(14) //
ib. 9b (4)
Expl. Ar: 18X1? '1 )bl TWO pJO 110713 3W31? X1j?a artlDn jrUD
■Wn >&i nxVa nawi auia1? unia sojin °?3N 'i x^s AC 6:112.
KJTITX3 n.f. deficiency (4- TX3; Sy rc'Ain-u.^-^
LS 86, Ma xmi'X3 MD 68) sg. n'mi'S3 'Xai
in'3a what was his deficiency to them? Meg
16b(25)
Y: FI'm-PX3 Meg ib.(BAYTN 175).
7X3 vb. to branch apart (phon. var. of 4- V7XB;
4- l#X?Xn, 2#xV213; cf. JPA 2#"?S3 division
DJPA 109) Itpe./Itpa.: xVl ]1BX xV 'B3 yVjni
,13 p rrb (xniT) xmr Vissx Vsx xrni "jissx we
only said also regarding the leaves (of the onion,
that they are poisonous) when they have not
branched apart a span. But if they have branched
apart a span there is no objection to it Er 29b(l;
O)
But cf. expl. Ar: IBXya ^lxa^l mas'? D'tiaBW AC 6:393, s.v.
"res.
STX3 vb. to break (4- V3#'1tt>; MH2 5?S3 J 184)
Pe.: a. of bread at the beginning of the meal:
Xin J/S31 'Jim B'p31 (PN) who takes two (loaves)
and breaks one Ber 39b(26) // Sab 117b(50); '1
,TJIWIP Wbvb I'1? 5?S3 XTt PN used to break it
for the whole meal Ber ib. // Sab ib.; ib.
140b (14); b. other: 131in Xpi3' J/S3 mi 13 X3T13
'myn tiji 75/ rxtt/3iT* xna/ai xoin tis mm 1
remember when a child would break a carob pod,
and a stream of oil [Var: honey] would flow on
his two arms BB 91b(17; EsF2)
1X3 vb. to be diminished, diminish (4- XJlllS'3,
TX3, 1XT33, XJ11TS3; Sy t^d LS 86, Ma 1X3
MD 68) Pe. (a/u) 1. to be diminished, wanting:
a. alone: '3aJl ]1S3 ,183 how many (years) are
wanting? Eight Meg llb(50) [4- TS3 mng. I];
X3'V 1S31 mw 1103 in his final years when his
mental powers declined [lit. the heart was
diminished] Tern 16a(3); 1'3tt/B X1S3 XJTC/ a year
is diminished from his years AZ 26a(10; J) [Var:
XTS3 P'Ar (AC 2:360, s.v. 11113)]; b. w. "7: ]V3
W-\WV H'7 1X3 n'J13'5/137 ,T7 JlVp^l when you
remove its [i.e. the olive's] stone, its (minimum)
size is diminished Ber 39a(l); Pes 33b(7); '17
117 '1X31 pW V3 1DB7 (if) Levi is below, (the
tribes) are diminished even more so Sot 36b(l 1);
Hor 6b(6); Yom 21a(30); ib. 26a(37); '3 ^10 «11D
11? 11X3 HXaiD 'BV ia '7ia in the final analysis,
when you deduct the days of (menstrual)
impurity (the term of pregnancy) is wanting RH
lla(50); Kar 3a(29); ib. 31; TGHark 277:13; 2.
to deduct, reduce, remove: X3'3»a 11X3'71
1'3£> '3am TJ/31X let him subtract forty-eight
years from the reckoning AZ 9b(2; J); XII 1X3'B
rX3'3B 'Xia"1 1X3'7 xVl he should not actually
deduct from the amount (of fifteen selas) Qid
17a(20); Nid 65a(14); Xin '1X3 ]331 1J1X1 the
Rabbis came (and) reduced one (of the forty
Pentateuchal stripes) Mak 22b(10) [cf. Sy
pfrvju t-.^-^ ^^ -rirf 2Cor 11:24]; XJIJ/IX
X13X ]B 'V 1JT1X31 (I hired you) on the
assumption that you would reduce (your) wage
for me BM 77a(38); DJ/IB DTO 1'3'B X31X3 xVl
XB7J/3 I shall not deduct anything at all from it
[i.e. the dowry] SSHai 18b(17); pass.part. 4 TX3
Pa. 1. to diminish, reduce: '11X3 1X31 he
actually diminished (the size of the altar) Zev
58a(31); p '1X31 'XI the reason that I reduced
(the sum that I take) from you BM 103b(22)
[* 4- V2#'SD pa., mng. 1]; Er 5b(8); Zev 37b(30);
D'j/Vo 2/ana rvb ixsri X7 im in 73 do not give
each one (of the priests fleece) worth less than

'•ma
230
'spa
five selas Hul 137b(16); 2. to shorten: ]Xa 'xn
n,a,,?J!? ri'lSlT one who shortened his garment
Men 37b(37); ib. 42a(23)
'TlSa adj. of Basra (nisbe-form < GN ,T1X3 HG3
398:3) sg.m. XTIXa ]WXf 3T TGAs42 44:26
Lit: Danzig, IHP 17821, w. prev. lit.
l#Kj?3, NpN3 n.m. gnat (4- l#XJip3; Akk
ifl^w CAD B 101, Sy rdi_i LS 87) sg. JVVl
Xai' "13 Xp3 there is no one-day-old gnat Hul
58b(2); ib. 5; Xp3"? rrb l^n X^nST 'JXa p'2?
iTMTipa they hung sixty manes of iron on the
small horn of a gnat ib. 9(H2); pi. 'pxa Suk
26a(34); 'pX3 'Wia"^)^ 'J?ai it wants to drive
away the gnats Sab 77b(27)
Y: Njpa //«/ 58b(9; BAYTN 98).
2# Kp3 I 2# Xpi3 n.
n.m. staff (< Lat. baculus Lehnw 162;
Sy rdta-lo n -i« LS 87 [not ^ ™ V n~ -,]) pi.
'oVipa(a) rb ->vpn they hold it [i.e. the carcass]
with staffs Zev 105a(18; Ar [AC 7:105, s.v.
3oVp]) [Var: 'oVipaa Ed; 'D^pa V11]
Y: 'pVipa Zev ib.(BAYTN 156).
'pa vb. to inquire into, search for, examine
(4- JTp3; Sy i^n-i LS 87, Ma xp3 MD 68) Pe.
1. to inquire into: ray Xp 'X» 113X3 'p3 "7'T go
(and) see [lit. inquire into] how your father is
faring BM 84b(l 1; Es) [H: 'Ul]; n'J'1 'X» 'p3 V»T
go (and) see how he is faring [lit. what his
judgment is] Pes 3b(47; V1); 2. to search for s.t:
xmiS XJX n^va Xti?-I 'p3'X 'PX I shall go (and)
search for (flour). Perhaps I shall find a small
amount Git 56a(37; MGD 626:29); X33CW 'pS'V
'713W3 3'32n let him search for the corpse of one
who died on the Sabbath ib. 69b(36); 3. to
examine: "pa J7T X1?! "IB3 ,T3 p'p3 we
examined you and you did not know (how to say)
jnaPes lllb(24)
Pa. to search for s.o.: X3m n,!? JTXl X"I31 p'paa
XD'IS we search for a man who has broken
(pieces of) gold BM 70a(26); ib. 34
?'Pa. J?'pS> 'p3 adJ- expert, well-known
(4- V'pa, V2# ypB, Xmrp3) 1. expert: sg.m. 'Bl
"ffinpaa "1 ypa is PN expert on double
documents? BB 164b(9); 'Bias yps xVl Diwa
because he is not expert concerning bodily
defects San 5b(4); ib. 8; pl.m. Jinon3 'X'p3 lHJ'X
P'X'ps xb ]3K rmrri they are expert in defective
and plene spellings, but we are not expert Qid
30a(46; O2); JlVVn nnona XJypSi Er 13a(31;
HGP 48a:37); 'jrpfl C)VrS11 H»3T XJHB1X |"]J?"?
'DO concerning an estimate, the more (people)
there are, the more expert they are Svu 42a(34;
F2); XB1E?3 'J?'p3 they are expert in evaluation
Ket 100b(30); n»ll»3 ]"p3i 'PXJ'X SSSad 255:23
// lOV'psn Dec 10:8; J'X'pai '©XJ'X pJl
XJiniPBa two men who are expert at surveying
TG^ii 211:11; TGHark 109:6; 2. well-known:
pl.m. 'XS3 xnp'ya pja'os -] ''oa 'jrpai pan ••iv
'pOH3 'J?'p3 the scholars are different because
they are well-known by the signs (which they use
as their signatures). Initially, in what way did they
become well-known? Through documents Git
36a(27); VffiVl 'ypsn ]33T UXV the scholars are
different since they are well known by their
names Yev 37b(16)
Lit: Yalon, Studies 315; Y: 'X'i?3 Qid 30a(46; BAYTN 105).
NrnjT'pa n.f. expertise (4- yp3) sg. Ber 46b(21)
NVpa, N^'pa n.m. type of bean {Vicia Zaba;
JNA baqille pi. HDJNA s.v., ModSy ^.U>,
buqllta, pi. r^\ n -> buqliMaclean 37) sg. JHTB1?
X"7p3 to sow a Z>.-bean TGDr49 105:19; pi. '*7'p3
HP 190:11 = //G7 99:16 [in a list of types of
beans]
Geon. expl.: 1'0'^3 HG3 196:40; Lit: Low, Flora 2:501; Eps,
St2 551:20, note.
NJV'Spa 4- XBp adj., mng. II. 1
J/pa vb. to cross over (H J?pa HAL 143, J 186,
Pe., mng. 2) Pe.: D'3T ,T3 'ypa xpi the public
crosses over it Er 6a(16); ib. 20a(30)
Nri^pa, pi. ]'Vpa n.f. valley (Vyp3; 4- XJlp'3;
BA nJ7p3 HALOT 1837, Sy *^' v f, * LS 590,
Ma XJIXpXD pi. MD 362) sg. xnyp'3 XinB
TGAs42 68:27 [expl. 4- XJip'3]; pl.abs. ^IX DX1
piD3 IX pp33 J1X if you travel in valleys or
mountains HM 45:10
'Spa, w. suf. "mspa prep, in the presence of,
on account of (Sy^. n ^->, ^y. n >-i on account of
LS 686) 1. in the presence o'f: XJaip yawl 'JlP
ipa
231
i#xna
n'lH ^'ya '^s 'sps xna'nm X333 he should
come and heed us in the Geonic court in the
presence of NN, his legal adversary Dec 1:5; ib.
2:7; 3:5; 9:13! [text: 1»p3]; TGAs33 213:19;
SSHai 5b(5)! [text: 'Jj?3]; 'Sp3 xmSMW X313yi
'IXin we made a partnership in each other's
presence of SSSad 205:12; xVl "?13X' X1? EN'XT
n'msp3 nn^' no one should either eat or drink in
his company Dec 3:10 = TGAs33 214:7; 2. on
account of: HTllSpS XDT'K)1?! 1TB1?! to bring a suit
and to take possession on his account SSHai
17b(13); Xn'?!!/'? ]yb07 iy pnn(l>sp3 in-IOl make
an effort on their [i.e. the litigants'] account until
they come to an amicable settlement Dec 1:3
Lit: V Aptowitzer, JQR 4 [1913] 32.
Hp3 vb. to flog (etym. unkn.) Pa.: mip3 Kar
lla(10; Ibn Janah 106:11) [expl. BH rvips Lev
19:20]
Ar expl.: ij2il Ibn Janah ib.
I#&np3 n.f. herd (TA np3 TO Dt 7:13, Sy
■sk r/-A f. LS 88, Ma X1pX3 MD 49) sg. XTin
"pp33 "p JI'X X3nJ3 you have a goring ox in your
herd BQ 24b(ll); -\lp2 nVo ib. 12; vfry HIH
irr> in 1'3 XTim Xnp3 a herd of oxen could pass
through [lit. enter] between the two of them [lit.
one and the other] BM 84a(6)
Y: IHj» BQ ib.(BAYTN 77).
2# top?, KINpa n.m. herdsman (Sy K'i A 7,
LS 88,' Ma X"IXpX3 MD 49) sg. XSTIDIDX XWH
xnpsV nnoa ''an,17 xtiii inV 13tt 'ann a certain
guardian of orphans who bought an ox for the
orphans (and) entrusted it to a herdsman BM
42b(10); ib. 13; 16; 24; Ket 84b(23) [Var: X1Xp3
OHT ib. 260:14]; pi. npail 'Tin Xiat the song
of the draggers of the boats and the herdsmen Sot
48a(46) [Var: nxp3 Seel(St2 438:19)]
Geon. expl.: 1p3 'yn NDGR 62:3; Y: xyi Ket 84b(23;BAYTN
226).
Nripa n.f. she-gnat (4- l#xp3) sg. XTip3 'Xia'X
CPVO 'VB XpaV the she-gnat quarreled with the
he-gnat for seven years Hul 58b(4)
Y: XTIj?3 Hul ib.(BAYTN 98).
^a, 1N3 n.m. permission, authority (< Mir
*bar [cf. NP bar free access, license PED 141)
12 X*?3 ^'jn Xn n33 '"rjn xn this refers to the
ones who enter (before the Divine Presence) with
permission (and) that to the ones who enter
without permission Suk 45b(33) // San 97b(47)
[cf. lena I'V'jn p'JO PT Er 23b(47); v. DJPA
530, s.v. TCn, mng. 2b]
Geon. expl.: MWna r'7'|5"f 'a 1X33 °H San 505:5; Ar [AC
2:164, s.v. p3]; Lit: Geig, AAC 102, s.v. pa; Shaked, Study
179+; Y: 13 BAYTN 3.
1# JOB, abs./cs. "13, pi. '33 n.m. son, offspring,
descendant, having ability, being of age,
resident of (TA 13 TO Gen 4:25, X13 TO Lev
12:6, pi. |'ia Ex 20:5, Sy rc't^i, cs. T_d>, pi.
rdL^D LS 88, Ma 1# X13, pi. X'33 MD 68) sg.
w. suf: lsg. n3 Yev 97b(3); AZ 26a(52; HG3
268:56); T3 Ber 5b(17) [cf. Sy ,-U=> Nold, SG
§146]; na ^Z 10a(45); 'Xn3 7ev 37b(27) [cf. Ma
'X-13 MD 175]; 2m. -pa Sot 49a(52); f. "p3 Sab
156b(33); 3m. nna Ket lllb(46); f. H13 Suk
46a(18); pi., lsg. 'X33 BM 84a(46; MGG 829:6);
"33 Tan 23a(46); 2m. -\a Ber 56a(20); f. 'D"33
Sab 151b(42); 3m. m3 San 96a(17); f. H33 San
97a(40); 5o 12:9; 3pl.m. in'33 5M 12b(2); f.
vna //P 143:8;-1. son: a. general: sg.abs. ...131
p3W X1? he did not leave a son S.S7/a; 12a(18);
det. X"I3 in"? 'OSJ in"?D all my possessions are for
one son BB 58a(27); X13 ,T^ TTX X1?! n'OT ]Xa
one who dies and does not have a son Anan
106:21; ma X'ttna Xs? Xtt'X a mother does not
forget her son BB 36a(28); Xtt'tfj? nna his older
son ib. 40b(20); X3D X131? X»'3 X13B from a bad
son to a good son ib. 133b(31); pi. abs. pa pn
two sons Ber 56a(42); && 23b(37); 555arf 268:8;
Bo 14:3; cs. 'Tny '33 ... "35? '33 sons of the
poor/rich Tan 24a(49); inn '33 'ma '33 the sons
of my daughter are my sons Yev 62b(ll); Ket
60b(53); ma '13 Hul 95b(17; V"); det. lip 'a
'33 X131? 'Ett'X do parents call a (single) son
'sons'? BB 143b(16); Meg 14b(50); b. in
filiation: 1) identified by father's title: sg.cs. "13
J1X X3XT nnxmnx you are the son of my father's
stable master Meg 12b (22); XiJl'a 13 the son of
the deceased one Yev 37b(27); X1J13 "13 the son
of the latter [i.e. second] one Yev 42a(32); 2) w.
son's title: sg.cs. in 13 in an only (son), the son
of an only (son) Git 48a(50); ib. 54a(ll) // Bek

l#KTa 232 1#KT3
T ■ t ;
30a(33) [4- 1#X1"1 mng. 2]; X133 13 X131 an
authority the son of an authority MQ 25b(4); AZ
50b(3) [4- 1#X1J3 usage b]; San 52a(7) [4- JPBh];
ib. 96b(13) [4- XHTtf]; xrf?aiX "13 Xam an
orphan, the son of a widow /&. 109a(51) // Nid
69a(34); 3) w. father's PN only: sg.cs. XIX 13
nxmra PN, the surveyor Er 56b(21); a'P'Vx 13
Ket 54a(44); 13n 13 5M29b(18); w. suf. 'T71 ,T13
Yev 97b(20); IP'p1? Bm nn3 £e/ 11 lb(46); pl.cs.
X"n '1 '33 5er 18b(13); Xapiy ID '33 /M
43b(35); 4) w. son's name: sg.cs. KTflis "13 X'3^S
7om 84a(10); Grt 69a(26); SSHai 3b(8); T'ann
xnXT?'1? 13 BB 73a(27; P1); 'B'13X 13 pnr 31 £>
89a(20); X3X 13 XSS 31 BM 73b(24) [and
passim]; w. pron. suf. y2?l,T 311 ,T13 X31,1 31 Sab
89a(44); 'TX 311 n'13 XWV 31 BM 80a(7) [and
passim]; pl.cs. XIDrl 31 '33 Xtf'ttp 1)31 XpT3' 18
Pes 107a(10); 2. descendant: sg.cs. ]inx 13 a
descendant of Aaron Yom 71b(10); pl.cs. H31
WX Xp 'Vy '33a "3X1 PN and PN2 are
descendants of Eli Yev 105a(41); San 52a(32); 3.
offspring, young of an animal: a. xV?13 dove: sg.
"I'm X"??1I 13 '3XP a young dove is different
because it is soft Hul 76b(49); Pes 76a(44);
TGAs28 43b: 1; b. X'3D deer: sg. X'3D 13 Xinn
jwxi aio m'3 Tsn'xi xmto b?'i 'aV xnxi a
certain young deer which came to the residence
of the exilarch, which had been caught on the
first day (of the holiday) Er 39b(18); ib. 37; Hul
59a(10); c. X3T pigeon: sg. VB31 .131' 13 Xinn
XDD31 X1D^> a certain young pigeon which fell
into a fc.-vessel of kamkha ib. 112a(9); ma X31
"?DVt5Kn X3T13X X3'3D PN used to place a knife on
a young pigeon and carry (it) Sab 142b(39); d.
Xian donkey: sg. Xian 13 (if) [described as '3JI
n,!?p having a deep voice] Hul 79a(37); ib. (39)
[described as n'n3133 ]1B1?11 1'31X 131311 having
large ears and a short tails]; Xian 13 x"?'y donkey
foal Sab 110b(37); 13 'Xm X1»m X'OID 13 'Xm
XnOlOl Xian this one is the offspring of a stallion
and a she-ass, and that one is the offspring of an
ass and a mare Hul 79a(12); e. XS3 falcon: sg.
XS3 13 rf? O'm XIB'Xl a bird which a young
falcon clawed HP 203:10; ib. 205:3; f. XMDIO
mare: sg. XJ1D1D 13 young of a mare Hul 79a(37)
[described as H'Vp «|'3X having a shrill voice];
/i.(40) [described as n'J1313J 1313111 H'31X ptJin
having small ears and small tails]; g. cat: sg.cs.
Xll'n 13 X831X a black (cat) born of a white one
BQ 80b(19); 4. cs. small (of an object): a. sg. 13
XniJ a small pond MQ 8b(15) [v. Geig, A AC
117]; b. pi. XJTC/'X '33 slight fevers HM 41:14; c.
sg. XITff 13 small wall Pes 86a(30) [expl. BH
.lain Lam 2:8; Sy rf 4<ot- -U=> PSm 598, > Arab
Jj>iL, Tarbiz 23(1952) 243+]; 5. cs. having
ability [w. fol. inf.]: sg. '1T71X 13 one capable of
having children Yev 76a(40); Tern 17b(44); 3'3P
Xin 'mux 131 yia a gravely ill person who is
able to make a bequest BB 131a(4); '1S3H yF
mi ni3T H'V '319n 13 is PN, one for whom a
defence can be devised? San 43a(42); 131 'Ta
Xl,1 nrcya n'3 iay» something with which it is
capable of doing a deed Sab 50a(44); 131 'TOa
'in ya»a is xVi ©in "?ax xin yawa because he
is capable of hearing. But a deaf person who is
incapable of hearing ... Ned 73a(6); pl.cs. '33
'1T?1X Yev 76a(40); HP 115:10 = HG2 245:58;
]13'X X3'113J?'a '33 IX1? they are not able to render
judgment BQ 90b(32); Ket 105a(4); D'Vya 'atoa
Xin XlUytJ 13 -m x"?X 113'3 xnjyD '33 given that
owners can make a plea. But can an ox make a
plea? BQ 45a(23); 6. cs. being liable, subject:
Xin '31iy 13 Bin p "SX even a one-month old
child can be the subject of evaluation Naz
62b (18); in3'3 'ITtfy 13 IX1? nye/n nine (sheep)
are not (an instance) liable for tithes BM 6b (23);
ib. 25; 26; Pes 42b(16); 'Viaj? 13 ]ri?Vl V?aa
Xin nXDlD this implies that a table is susceptible
to impurity Men 96b(10); pl.cs. '33 IX1? 'ari'l
in3'3 msa 13y8 the orphans are not subject to
performing a commandment BB 174a(28);
p3'x i'3<'>nn '33 ix^i i3'n nan ni3i xnx'*?3i the
worn-out clothes of a menstruous and a
gonorrheal woman which are not washable Anan
27:19; 7. cs. being of age: sg. X8T 13 Xp3 rcb
there is no one-day-old gnat Hul 58b(2); HP
57:32; XII© 13 one-year old Pes 112b(42) [cf.
Akk mar satti CAD S/2 205, Sy rc'&Ii. \±
PSm 598, TA TpM 13" TO Num 6:12]; ib. 42;
rVJW 13 X33'3 a one-year old twig ib. 74a(17);
xn» 13 X3T1 n'"71 there is no one-year old fly
Hul 58b(3); 'SIB xrfrn 13 Xian wine of three
jrqs 13
seasons [i.e. three-year old wine] Sab 129a(41)
[cf. Rashi]; VW 13D1 'J731X 133 about four or
five years old Er 82a(41); 1331 Tl'W 133 X3'im
y3W I was about six or seven years old BM
16b(20); Ber 28a(5); 'xVd 1'V'oa Tin 13 X31'n3
XplEO '1D@'3an 1331 '103'P 133 XnX'^Dl I
remember when young boys and girls of about
seventeen or eighteen used to play (together)
outside BB 91b(23); '71171 '33 pan 13 seventy-
eight years old Zev 118b(47) // Ara 13a(25); 13
Vxyaw n'V nin nas how old was PN? Meg
17a(5); Zev 118b(47); 8. cs. document of: sg. 13
riX p'33 njwni p»JI you hold a document
written on [lit. of] the twenty-ninth of Nisan Ket
94b(34); ib. 95a(2); nxa 13 ID© a document (in
the amount) of one hundred zuzim BB 172a(13);
9. cs. resident of: a. w. a designated area: 1)
XinX: pi. Xinx '33 residents of a place Bo 78:9
[Sy rtkhyr? \=> LS 89]; 2) X33: pi. XJ3 '3a
residents of a rural district Git 58b(27); Bes
21a(38); Git 58b(22); 3) nxiaa: 13X nX13B 13
33J?a 'SB X*7 n'PS31 nX13a a resident of an alley
cannot prevent (another) resident of the same
alley (from competing with him) BB 21b(38); ib.
13; 40; pi. nxi3B '33 ib. 60a(28) [cf. MH2 '13a '33
Er 69a(5)]; 4) XTina: pi. XTina '33 residents of a
district Sab 12a(29) [* xnx'"7pn '33; but v. K
7:524 where the phrase refers to a resident of the
GN XTina]; 5) Xna: sg. xnxa 13 resident of a
town Yev 109b(8) [cf. Akk mar ali, mar mati
CAD ib., Ma Xnxa X'33 MD 256]; 13X XTO 13
D3ya Xna (the property of) one resident of a
town can be seized for (payment of taxes of)
another resident BQ 113b(42); XTID 13X XTia 13
3'3J?a 'Sa Tl'inx a resident of one town can
prevent a resident of another town (from
competing with him) BB 21b(36); pi. ib. 8a(47)
// San 112a(25) [* XJia 'an'; 4- X3I1']; Sab
23a(47); Ket 49b(16); BM 77a(9); BB 22a(12);
iTJlXa '33 his fellow townsmen Meg 27a(46); Tan
24a(42); Ket 105b(20); 6) X1J'3: pi. max V31X
X11'3 '331 X13'3X1 four cubits along the channel
belong to those living along the channel BM
107b(45); 7) xpW: pi. n'pTtf '33 people of the
same street/quarter TGHark 84:12; b. w. GN
[Akk mar GN CAD ib.]: 1) general: sg. x"?'1?} 13
NTlT*t 13
a Galilean Sab 80b (29); Vxitf'1 xyiX 13 Ket
112a(31); HP 98:4; "733 13 'inn a certain
Babylonian Ned 66b(30); pi. ni3'3 '33 Tan
14b(15); X'Dna XTO '33 Ket 55a(6); D3Xp '33
TGHark 169:17; 2) esp. X3iya Eretz Israel: sg.
V331? y"?p'X1 X3iya 13 Xinm a certain inhabitant
of Eretz Israel who happened to be in Babylonia
Pes 43a(13) [cf. JPA n3iya 13 DJPA 99]; Ket
8a(41); X3iya 13 XS'bnn 31 Git 52b(38); Ber
55a(45); BM 7a(21); San 20a(54); 13 mm' 31
X3iya Suk 52a(i5); pi. xsiya '33 n'1? vfom
■?XiaK;i niSX1? the inhabitants of Eretz Israel sent
(a letter) to PN's father (in Babylonia) BM
90a(52); Ber 44b(13); Meg 29b(34); Qid
71b(30); BQ 102b(40); BM 90b(3); Hul 50b(25);
HG3 17:1; 10. cs. having value, worth, amount:
sg. XT1T13 X11X a coarse garment worth a zuz MQ
27b(15); ib. 12a(49); Ber 44b(35); Xp3113 worth
a danak Zev 48a(31); Bek 1 la(2); pi. Xl'ail '33
XTB1J (gourds) each a cubit (in length) BM
64a(14); 11. cs. being worthy: sg. 'nxi xaVy 13
one who is worthy of the world to come Tan
22a(13); 12. cs. type of demon: a. '11'X 13
epilepsy demon (lit. son of roofs; 1 Xll'X,
xni3X, 'U'X '31; Sy rc'-U^rj' t-^> demon of
lunacy LS 89, Ma X'1X13y 13 MD 353): sg. 13
Vib^p '13'X the swift b.'.-demon Bo 47:10; pi. '33
'13'X ib. 47:9; 53:2; 'Illlpl'X '33 ib. 59:2; b. pi.
'VlD '33 TB [lit. sons of shadows] ib. 31:9 [v.
Eps, Stl 353]; c. pi. xms'jlD '33 ib. 59:5
[1 xn'3"?D]; d. sg. 1'av 13 [lit. son of days] ib.
47:12; e. pi. xaa' '33 ib. 64:21; f. pi. X'"?'1? '33 [cf.
Sy rdilA yl^ PSm 590] ib.; g. pi. T>ma '33 [lit.
sons of death] Bo 61:2; h. sg. xVs'3 13 ib. 31:7
[lit. one of a stillbirth; MH2 D'VS3 p Bek
44b(36)]; pi. '"?S3 '33 ib. 59:12
Lit: Satzlehre 89+; Y: Xl? Sab 116b(5; BAYTN 1).
- ]D3K 13 n.m.cs. one having (important)
ancestors (4- 1#X3X; JPA "3X 13 DJPA 97, MH
ni3X p ARNA 14:32) sg. Men 53a(30); ib. (31)
Lit: Lieb, TK. 5:I06268; Y: ]rn? 13 Men ib.
- NIK 13 4- 2# XTT3 n.
- KJ11K 13 n.m.cs. duck (4- XtllX) sg. b'TXl V'B©
'S'B'a XyiX3 n'3'yi XtllX 13 the duck goes
continually downstream, and its eyes squint at the
233

1'niN ia
234
an 'a ia
ground (for food) BQ 92b(23); Sab 128a(51); ib.
53; Pes 74b(8); 5es 32b(34); Svw 30b(16); Hul
28a(49)
- 1'^IN 13 n.m.cs. scholar (I ]"11X) sg. 13 131
X1,1 ]X"11X he is a scholarly man Sab 31b(10);
Xin 1"11X 131 ,1'apa Dip'3 let us arise before him
since he is a scholar G;7 31b(31); ATef 85b(31);
Men 53a(30) [* 4- p3X 13]
Voc: I. Ben-David, Lesonenu 46 [1982] 148; ]';iix/x;iix 13
&6 31b(10).
- NnN 13 n.m. fraternal nephew (4- Xnx, 13
xnnx) sg.cs. nvinx 13 xim n"n 'it mnx 13 31
X"n '11 PN who was both the fraternal and
sororal nephew of PN2 Pes 4a(l) // MQ 20a(52)
// San 5a(40); mn 'WX 13 IX1? 311 ib. 39
Lit: Ros, Yalon Vol 294; Y: mnx 13 Pes ib.
- NTinN "13, pi. NnnX '33 n.m.cs. sororal
nephew (4- xnnx, xnx 13; jpa nnnx -13 DJPA 97)
sg. Pes 4a(l) [//'s; 4- xnx 13]; 13 XJTlVl B/X1 pnX'
'3'3 311 H'TinX PN, the exilarch, the sororal
nephew of PN2 Yev 115b(24); Sab 140a(46); Git
56a(44); xVx'1 innx 13 (if) your nephew is a
af.-official Yom 18a(28); BQ 92b(46; MGG
265:14); BM 93b(37); pi. p ]1T\V '11 I'TinX '33
X11113 Wag 3a(14); BB 10a(25); Zev 62b(l)
Lit: A. Schremer, Zion 60 [1995] 5+, has now shown that in a
number of the above passages this term refers to a relative who
is not specifically a nephew, and it is often used in a negative
sense; Y: iVnrttt 13 MQ 20a(53).
- N31»'N '33 n.m.pl.cs. (unclear) RH 18a(44;
O) [expl. MH flia '33 Mib. 1:2]
RaH: D'B33 '33. This interpretation is based on a connection w.
1 1#X1S'X, but there is no other evidence for this mng. from
other A dialects. Lit: Geig, AAC 33; S. Friedman, Sidra
12(1996) 11918; Y: XJ1?N 'J3 RH ib.
- b/j'n ia, wm ia, pi. kh;3'n '33, '33
Nfi7N3'N n.m.cs. human being, person
(4- Xtfrx; TA W3X 13 TJ Mic 5:6, Sy rdiJ-v=>
LS 89, Ma XWX3(X) 13 MD 24) sg.abs. 13 ]'1 rcb
K73X this one is not a human being ■&& 112b(30)
// Er 24a(33); tt/3'X 13 Bo 8:13; 13 IX^ lin^OIXl
W3'X the one who eats them [i.e. the entrails] is
not a human being Mei 20b(13) // Ned 54b(12)!;
Suk 53a(23) [4- l#3iy]; pi. '33 DJ? 13'B 13J?'l
Xtt?3'X let him do kindness for people Tarn
32a(32); TG^2S 78:15; Bo 27:5; //>. 38:1; 71:2;
86:6; HMGas 94:3; XWX3'X '33 SS&h/ 213:5; '33
Hiyi3'X Bo 59:6
Y: tf'J'X 13 Suk 53a(23).
— 'NliSN 13 n.m.cs. diver (lit. sons of divers;
4- V2# 1SX, nxnax; Sy K'x^n-L diver LS 529)
sg. "WX1? 'Xliax 13 rmi a diver descended to
bring (it) BB 74b(l); ib. 8; IDpl 'X1TOX 13 JW31
XJV0D3 X3JV01 '31DX a diver descends and ties
linen ropes to the coral RH 23a(30; Ar [AC
5:84],GRH 13:22)
Arab gloss in MG [BB ib.(MGG 50:18)]: fXVa'w, i.e. ^.I^in
[ace. to ms.; v. ACSup 34]; Y: 'XltoX 13 RH ib.(BAYTN 322).
- !1N1i»N 13 n.m.cs. Amorite (4- nxiiax) sg.
Ket 112a(30)
Y: flXliBX 13 Ket ib.
— N'^IN 13 n.m.cs. a powerful person (lit. son
of a lion; 4- X'lX) sg. Yom 78a(27); Suk 43b(30);
Hag 14a(8)
This expression has no connection w. i ]"*11N "D.
n.m./f.cs. member of a class
(4- XTlp'3 mng. 2) sg.f. nnp'3 T13 Yev 84a(38) [ref.
to the fol. case in the Mishna]; pl.m. '33 VlVlD
in3'3 TO Xnp3 they are all of the same class
Men 24b(22); ib. (28); fl3'X XIip'3 Xin '33 Mei
17b (40)
Y: X7lp'3 'J3 Men ib.
- 31 '3 13, pi. 31 '3 '33 n.m.cs. student in the
be rav (i 31 '3) sg. 31 '3 13 '1,1 "?'! go (and) be
a student of the be rav Ned 50a(13; V2); 13 'Xn
XriS'1 I'1? XWS3 X^l 31 '3 a student of the be rav
who does not have much bread Sab 140b(14); ib.
21; XXT3J/ri3 3'JIX'I 31 '3 13 'XH a student of the
be rav who is fasting Tan llb(6); im 31 '3 13
Xav a student of the be rav for one day Hag
5b(46); rmwa xnau; 3i 'a is 3"n'a (is) ra
31 '3 13 n'awa lim n'WS3 when a student of the
fee rav was liable for a ban, (PN) would (first)
excommunicate himself and then would
excommunicate the student of the be rav Ned
7b(23); Pes 52a(12); Ber 58a(28); Er 74b(3); Ket
74a(21); Git 61b(26); j& 89a(47); BM 24a(6);
/1Z 22b(23); //«/ 6b(4); pi. X1X33 'TT1 3T3 '33
students of the be rav who live in a rural district
Nlfc'3 13 235 2# Njnt 13
Pay 8b(14); Ber 21a(42); Er 40b(34); ib.
73a(38); BM 72b(38)
Lit: RISB 114+; Y: 31 '3 13 Sab 140b(14).
[- Xlfr'3 13 Bes 15a(20; Ar [AC 2:346, s.v.
Read ace. to V17: X1W313]
— NJV3 13 n.m.cs. member of a household
(4- 1# Xri'3; Sy r^^p i_=> LS 90) sg. HTl'3 13
San 31b(39) [ref. to Moses]
Y: ,TJ13 13 San ib. [i.e. PN Bitya; v. RaH, Rashi],
— N13 13 n.m.cs. grandson (Sy K'-v^a -vi PSm
584,'Ma X13 13 MD 69) a. general: sg. n'"7 mn
X1? IX '33 X13 13"? 'EN'X Up '» X13 131 X13 he had
a son and a grandson. Do people call (their)
grandson sons or not? BB 143b(24); T3V la'ttX
X13 13 ,1'"? PN's grandson died MQ 20b(49); 13
D"p'a n'13 his grandson is alive Tan 23a(49); 'X
'Xa ]33ia '311S 113 13 m,1 what if your grandson
were a s.m.l Ned 48b(3); Yev 75b(19); San
95a(49) [4- 1#XTp]; Hul 11 lb(38); BB 143b(24);
iSGF 112:5; pi. ,133 '33 her grandsons AnanSch
18:1; b. in PN's: sg. n3n 13 13 ,131 Ber 53b(28);
Pes 51a(40); 0T71B3X '11 n'13 13 niJJ? '1 Men
53a(27)
Y: X13 13 Tan 23a(49).
— K13 13 13 n.m.cs. great grandson sg. 1,TX
l'3"n h'13(1) ''13 13 n'13 13 ,T13 he, his son, his
grandson, (and) his great grandson are required
(to make the blessing) Ber 54a(41)
— NJTI3 13, pi. KRIS '33, SMS '33 n.m.cs.
t-: -» r T-; ■■;' tt: •■:
sororal grandson (4- l#xni3) sg. 13 X3X 1,13 1DX
X3X "]ni3 am I your son? I am your sororal
grandson Sot 49a(51); XOm n'^13 13 xan BM
86a(5); Tan 23b(36); Ned 22a(3); Qid 39b(48);
pi. 1H3'3 '33 T113 '33 my sororal grandchildren are
my children Yev 62b(ll); 7113 '33 Hul 95b(17;
MGG 395:11); 311 n'7113 '33 Suk 44b(17); Hag
3a(13); BB 51b(13); Hul 92a(17); ,17133 '33 Anan
100:17
Y: n'ni3 13So,r49a(51).
— 'ND3 '33 n.f.pl.cs. wives (lit. members of the
households; 4- XJV3 'B?3,X; JPA nri"3 '33 DJPA
98, s.v. "313) pi. Pes 48b(3; RaH) [expl. JBA '3n
]T1 '»3 ib.]
Lit: Lieb, Alon Vol 23216.
- KT1"T3 13 n.m.cs. type of jester (4- 1# xn'U)
sg. xn"I3 131 X'DIO (wooden) horse of the jester
GC 40:1 [expl. MH !3131D MKel 15:6]
Lit: Eps, GC 404, 167.
- K333 '33 n.m.pl.cs. wedding guests (4- X33J;
Sy pcd<=>J^ji ,mSis PSm 584) Er 40a(12)
[i VlU pe.]; ib. 44b(5); XT11 iy X333 '33 11H3
wedding guests were in the habit (of eating) up
to a zuz BB 145b(12; F2P')
Y: WJl'J3£r40a(12).
- N3,rI 13 n.m.cs. a person who is liable for
adjudication, punishment (4- X3'1) sg. TGHark
84:13; OH Sot 270:26; TGDH9 99:8; ib. 100:9
- N'Tin 13 n.m.cs. species of hawk (etym.
unkn.; Ma 2#X'1Xn vulture MD 116) sg. Hul
63a(43; Ar [AC 8:169],MGL 259:15) [expl.
4- Xp'31W]
Lit: Geig, AAC 404, s.v. XfJlW.
- '3H 13 n.m.cs. one who is able, capable
(4- '3,1, '3n ri3) only w. neg. a. general: 13 IxV 'XI
Xin '3,1 if he is unable Sab 23b(39); Yom 64a(4;
L); Meg 28b(31); b. w. ref. to sexual relations:
Xin 'Dn 13 ix"71 ppb BIS except for a minor who
is incapable Yev lllb(42); ib. 79b(48); Sot
26a(45; V2) [of a eunuch]
- NA1T 13, N1TT 13 n.m.cs. colleague (4- XJ1T,
1# X11I; Sy i<l4?> ^ LS 90, mng. 3) sg. 'OT '11
n'lIT 131? ,1'p3«;ia since PN left his colleague
[i.e. the other scholar stated his opinion by
himself] Yev 60b(7); ib. 83a(5); in ]'3 XJUlVs
n'AIT 13V a dispute between one colleague and
another iSGF 62:16; 'lit '33 ib. 84:13(Var)
Y: fl'Jil 13 Yev 60b(7).
- 1# NJ^It 13 n.m.cs. arable field (caique < NB
mar zeri acreage measured by the amount of seed
required CAD Z 93, AHw 1521; 4- lSXJHT, mng.
4) sg. n'3 XTX1 Xyit 131 xyitl 'ai3 "?31 all
vineyards and various arable fields that are in it
SSHai 6b (9)
Contra CAD, op.cit, this mng. is not attested in Sy. The diff.
bet. xyi! and xyit 13 here is unclear [i l#Xyit mng. 4]
- 2# Njnt 13 n.m.cs. place suitable for sowing

N'Vin 13 236 Vtflfr' 13
T : •• r ; •
(4- 2#XSHT) sg. BB 29b(15); ib. 16; pi. XJHT '33
/& 103a(9)
13 n.m.cs. membranous portion of the
windpipe between the cartilaginous rings
(4-3#X'Vin)sg. fliti/50a(36)
Expl. Rashi; Y: frtlfl 13 Hul ib.
n.m.cs. recipient of a portion
(4- xpVin) sg. BB 143a(32)
— K31-'n 13, pi. N31TI '33 n.m.cs. one under an
obligation (4- X31'n) sg. Ber 21a(44); BQ
74a(12); BM 6h{22); ib. 10b(32); Hul 135b(16);
pi. Suk 8b(22); BM 10b(34)
Y: X3Vril3Ber 21a(44).
— N^'n 13*, pi. *6'n '33 n.m.cs. soldier, type
of demon (Sy rdlLj -i^i PSm 587; 4- ltx'rn)
1. soldier: pi. XTin»T x"?'n '33 the soldiers of GN
Tan 21a(l); xV'n '331 '3X» the soldiers' garments
Sab 147b(29); xV'n '331 XT»n the soldiers'
leaven Pes 30a(10); xV'n '331 xnap the soldiers'
flour Bes 21a(39); #u/ 94b(27); 2. type of
demon: pl.cs. rDWn '^Tl '33 'soldiers of
darkness' Bo 78:9
Y: N^n 'J3 Tan 21a(l).
— NXM'rl 13 n.m.cs. fatty tissue on the straight
side of the stomach of a ruminant (* 4- X2DT!;
Ma l#XXD'n MD 146) sg. D'JID XXB'n 13 b.h.-UX
can stop up (a hole) Hul 49b(40); ib. 38; 41
Geon. expl.: up itvti tywi xxan psi .i'1? np rmpn iyv 3°?n
XXnn 13 ]»1 "^ OHT Pes 72:10; Y: XXS'n 13 #«/ ib.
— Kfin 13 n.m.cs. son of a father-in-law
t -:
(4- i#xan) sg. n'»T an man ia bq H2a(37);
pi. X3|?1J? im man '33 San 28b(43)
Y man -a 50 ib.
— l#N10n 13 n.m.cs. derived from wine
(4- i#xi»n) sg. xinn ia abn xnV'n x,n X3X in
that matter I am 'wine vinegar' [lit. vinegar the
son of wine; i.e. inferior to my father] Hul
105a(26); ib. 31
Y: loan 13 Hul ib.
— 2#N1Sin 13 n.m.cs. donkey driver
(4- 3#Xian)'sg. Ber 59a(37) // Tan 6b(27)
— 'in 13, 'IKfl 13,1'Tiri 13, pi. 'in '33 n.m.cs.
nobleman, freeman, unmortgaged property
(4- Xin, xnil'n; Sy rc'Hndju -Ui LS 89, Ma 13
X'TXH MD 69, TA pin' 13 TO Ex 21:5) 1.
nobleman: sg. '"ixn 13s? NJlV'»i xVtJX'X Wv
'1X11 Vlbvn Sheol is a garment of fine wool for
a nobleman whose provisions have run out MQ
28b(14; OHT ib. 55:15); 2. freeman: sg. San
52b (41) [* X13J?]; pin 13 XIX X,1 behold, you are
a freeman SSHai 14a(19); pi. !'in '33 Git
12a(37); 3. unmortgaged property [caique
< MH2 pin '33 1'0D3 J 439]: pi. Xaj'!3 'in '3313
'33 he can indeed collect from unmortgaged
property BM 12b(43) [* '13JWD]; Ket 91a(7); Git
lla(27); BM 14b(20); BB 169b(12)
Voc: 'IXrl '33 SRSG 136:23; 'ifi '33 HGP 31b:6; Y: 1'lin '33
Ket 91a(7).
- N31t#n '33 n.m.pl.cs. evildoers (lit. sons of
darkness) Bo 134:6
- "NIB 13 n.m.cs. utensil placed under a roast
(4- X'llB) sg. HP 25:2 [= GeonH XinXl n'3!3E? 'Va
'"?SH HR 23:24]
- 'NIP' 13 n.mxs. Jew (4- nXTliT; JPA "Tin' 13
DJPA 99) pi. 'Xtim '33 r'''pi3' Jewish children
ISGF 97:9
- '331' 13, '33'13 n.mxs. a large bird
(4- XXIIS'X mng. 2; etym. unkn.) sg. '33V "13 Suk
5b(l; M2) [O: '33'13]
Lit: AAC 104. This word occurs in both forms also in H context
in Yom 80a(12) and Bek 57b(12); Y: '33V 13 BAYTN 166.
- "81' 13 n.m.cs. on the same day (4- XQT, X13
X&V; Sy m^»oJ i-di Dt 24:15, PSm 588, mng.
1) sg. mn TOP 13 Xinn that (sowing of the flax)
was on the same day (as the reading of the
Megilla) Meg 5b(29); n'BT 13 ]33ia Xinn n'a'Xl'X
1BX '!'13 X3lb a certain one of the scholars asked
PN on the same day concerning shearings of
wool Sab 49b(47); ,T»r 13 X&'ll xV'TUX a
newborn aurochs (born) on the same day BB
73b(6; P'Ar [AC 1:277]) // lev 113b(21)
Y: -Oi' 13 Meg 5b(29).
- N»? '33 n.m.cs. dolphins (4- XD') pi. Bek 8a(2)
[expl. MH 1'3'sVn TBek 1:11 (535:10)]; Bo
142:13
Lit: Low, Fauna 14.
- ViOfr' 13 n.mxs. Jew (4- bxito' X13; Sy t^>
N1B13 '33
237
N1?3 13
A-irc'-Lorc' PSm 581, JPA Vxittf' 13 DJPA 99)
sg. 3X3 'u 'ina X3'T n'V xrxi "jxiw ia 'xn a Jew
who has a court case with a pagan in (the month
of) Av Tan 29b(l); Meg 25b(40); 5er 56b(15);
}fev 121b(49); BQ 113b(48); BB 45a(8); San
74b(17); biC\V 13 ^>'nXOT VxiET 131 it is a Jew
who circumcises a Jew Anan 78:20; 13 "Xn
man bvrw -\ib xixan pan "7Xiw a Jew who
sold a donkey to another Jew TGAs42 23:8;
TGAs28 25:22; Z/P 49:28; ib. 143:18; Dec 5:12
- K1B13 '33 n.m.pl.cs. (uncertain; 4- 2#X1B13)
5M70a(l); ib.(3)
Expl. Rashi: nj'SO '^3; Y: K1S13 '33 BM ib.
13 n.m.cs. one who attends the kalla
(4- n$D mng. 2) pi. mo '33 5£> 113a(26)
Also Ber 57a(50) in H; Y: nV? 13 BQ ib.
- Nflttf'33 13 n.m.cs. member of the
synagogue (4- 1# XXTC/'3D) pi. XXW3D '33 TGAs33
213:14
- NXW1313 13 n.mxs. small weasel
(4- l#xrffih313) pi. XXW1313 '33 TGHark 190:28
13 n.m.cs. board used to keep the jaw
of an animal in place (4- Xyi1?, V"pn) sg. Sab
54b(16)
Y: V$to 13 Sab ib.
- 'NI'V 13 n.m.cs. Levite (4- nXV^; Sy \jp
<<-.k\ Neh 13:13 [H D'l'pri ]1i]) sg- 131? Dip& 13S
nxi'1? make way for the Levite Ket 77b(30; Vs)
[w. ref. to R. Joshua b. Levi]; ib. 31; 32
- l6'n» 13 n.m.cs. one fit to be circumcised
(4- V^na) sg. Yev 71a(49)
Y: xV'na 13 rev ib.
n.m.cs. belonging to a zodiacal
station (4- xVlKi) pi. Xin n'"7I)3 13 XnV» XnV '^'1
perhaps concerning this matter he has his [i.e. the
other's] zodiacal station BB 12b(3); pi. 'rf?'T
1H3'3 x"?T» 1T\ '33 in'TID perhaps the two of them
belong to the same zodiacal station ib. 12a(45)
Lit: TMW 1:258; Y: fltya 13 BB ib.
- Nmmia 13, Kn'31in» 13 n.m.cs. a town
official (4- V'in; cf. Sy rdijo-jjjsa one who
points out LS 220) sg. BB 68a(25) [expl. MH
"ID3D Mib. 4:7]; ib. 26; 28; 68b(3); 5; 7
Geon. expl.: 0'I7XW yw^l 1711K 1'KllpB .11 Xn«':(l>l'lina 131
Wl 'aiX W'l TIJ TGHark 105:6, i.e. (Djijf, ^ guide Wald
30; Y: xrniina 13 BB 68a(25; BAYTN 288).
— '113JF1 B'TO 13 n.m.cs. rakish man (lit. son of
one who heats ovens; 4- Vl#DHn) sg. Pes 49a(49)
— N3'M 13 n.m.cs. one belonging to the same
group (4- X3'», X3'» ra) sg. Vcon n'3'ia m "?a
Xin n'3'D 13 'Xm anyone who is a member of the
same group [i.e. an idol worshiper] can annul
(idolatry), and this one [i.e. the resident alien] is
a member of the same group AZ 64b(5); X3W X1?
n'3'a na ixV "?opT X3W x"7i n'3'a ia Vopi it makes
no difference whether he killed one who was a
member of his own group or one who was not a
member of his own group Mak 9a(15); Svu
5b(24)
Y: n'3'B 13 Svu ib.
- NlS'tt 13, pi. NIS'S '33, '31X'B '33 n.m.cs.
neighbor on adjoining property (4- 1#X1S'D; cf.
NA bel misri neighbor CAD M/2 115, Sy \j=>
pd^jfuu^ PSm 599) sg. ,tV ami xira ia xnxi
'TIT nplVV the neighbor came and gave the buyer
money TGAs42 28:25; ib. 78:15; 79:27; TGHark
151:9; X1XH 13T X3'T the law of pre-emption [i.e.
the right of a neighbor to have the first option to
buy an adjoining field] BM 68a(10); ib.
108a(30); 108b(12); BB 5a(13); pi. '33 y31X '3n
XIS'S four neighbors BM 108b (3 7) [Var: '3a
'3-lS'D HP 93:3]; ib. 107a(16)
Y: Xl?»13te/44a(15).
— '33'S 1\1Wft 13 n.m.cs. perh. flatterer (lit. son
of one who licks the platters; 4- V"]rf7, X33'S) sg.
Pes 49a(50)
Y: '33'B -|n^a 13 Pes ib.
- '3^j;a '33 n.m.cs. intestines (JPA TVD '33
DJPA 99) pi.' '3'ya '33 HP 199:1(HPP 301:18)
- KTVItfa 13, pi. Nnxntya '33 n.mxs.
t ■ : - -'i TT::- ...
(uncertain; 4- xm©») pi. xnX'liya '33 n'ty 1J1X
H13BT1 the ... came and struck him BM 107b(47)
There are many varr. to this text [e.g. WIM F1; X'lOB Es].
- NtiWS 13 n.m. substantive matter (4- Xlff^B)
sg.cs. XWa "131 'Tft something of substance Svu
25a(6); XVWO n IXVt 'T» ib. (7)
— N1J3 13, abs. 1S3 13 n.mxs. carpenter (lit.

ru is
238
NVtJj? 13
son of a carpenter; 4- 1# X133) a. lit.: sg. 131 X3'Xn
X1J3 a carpenter's ax BB 73b(30; P1); b. fig. for
a scholar: sg.abs. 133 13 X1?! X3X "IM X1? X3X I am
neither a 'carpenter' nor the 'son of a carpenter'
AZ 50b(4)
Y: xijj -n SS ife
— rfl 13 n.m.cs. Noahide, pagan (caique < MH
n: p J 893) pi. m '33 San 59a(26)
— NT3 13 n.m.cs. small yoke, righteous person
(4- 1#XT3; cf. Sy pc'xjlJ i-di sharing the same
yoke, fellow student LS 91) 1. small yoke: sg.
Sab 54b(41) [expl. MH p»'i Mib. 5:4]; 2.
righteous person [lit. one who bears the yoke]:
pi. I'BD XT3 '33V they entice the righteous Bo 1:9
Lit: Eps, StI 330 [mng. 2]; Y: XT: 13 Aii i*.
— WI0'33 13 n.m.cs. animal posthumously
born after its mother is slaughtered (lit. son of
the slaughtered one; 4- Vo33 pe., pass.part. f.det.)
sg. rax nowa "'TV) xno'33ia 'xii xinn that is
certainly a posthumously born animal and is
permitted by its mother's slaughtering HP 206:15
- Nfi'»J?3 13 n.m.cs. ostrich (4- XfrajM; Sy
rd^a-Li ^Ld LS 435) sg. xnrayj 13 xnx
nyV3aV an ostrich came to swallow it MQ
26a(40)
Y: NJVOyj 13 MQ ib.
— l#NnS3 13 n.m.cs. name of a bird (etym.
unkn.)sg.//«/62b(18)
- 2# NnS3 13 n.m.cs. 4- xnS3
T - -
Referring to R. Yohanan b. Nappaha.
- >^S3 13, '7KS3 13 n.m.cs. the Messiah (lit.
son of clouds; < vecpeXn Lehnw 365) sg. XJTDE7
'ax 'Vxs3 -a ]xa n'V 'ax 'Vxd3 ia 'nx na'xV iV
n'V 'ax n'V mp 'Vxs3 ia n't?ai n'V 'ax n'E/a n'V
]'X did you hear when the 'son of clouds' will
come? He said to him: "Who is the 'son of
clouds'?" He said to him: "The Messiah." He
said to him: "Do you call the Messiah the 'son of
clouds'?" He said to him: "Yes" San 96b(57)
Y: '^BJ 13 San ib.
- ilN't^J 13 n.m.cs. member of the family of
the Nasi (4- nX'W3) pi. ,1X'fc/3 '3a iSGF 83:2;
Geon 83:7
— Nttl'D '33 n.m.pl.cs. students of the back
rows in the school or academy (4- XTH ]331
xaroi) 'an nraro '33 n'V two xtt 'iV maao 'a
when they ordained PN, his fellow backbenchers
(in the school) sang to him so San 14a(43); '33
XTai'D ib. 44; 'ai'O '33 Mannl 2189(T-S 20.183);
xai'D '(3)31 T132? Merkazim 57:9 [letter of
Sarrira]
Lit: D. Rosenthal, Tarbiz 49[1980] 52+.
— NMD 13 n.m.cs. authoritative or
trustworthy one (4- XDao mng. 2) sg. 13 XJV3X '1
Xin XDao Git 6b(24; V15); Qid 44a(43; O2)
— NJVa# 13 n.m.cs. associate, fellow (BH JTay
HAL 799) sg. 1'3y xVl "I'rl'ay 131? n'Jl'ip (if)
you called to your fellow, and he did not respond
to you BQ 92b(46)
— 7'PMJ? 13 n.m.cs. descendant of pagans
(4- 'aay) pl.abs. ]'aay '33 o"?©? ]in» let the
descendants of the pagans come in peace Yom
71b(8); ib. (9)
Y: pay 13 Yom ib.
— Tins 13, 'TINS 13 n.m.cs. (laudatory
appellation; i 2# xnns) sg. Ber 43a(38) [Van 13
TIXS TRN 564:4]; Sab 3b(l); i& 29a(25); Naz
59a(26)
Geon. expl.: '3313113 TRN ib.; WIS 13 Sab 3b(l).
— '|?1'9 '33 n.m.pl.cs. students, scholars
(4- XpTS mng. 6) /&/ 62a(28) [expl. MH D'Vj'B
Mib. 5:6]; (6.(33)
Expl. Ar: pVi prim nun tiny? p^in nv toaw casn Tobn
DJ1'33 AC 4:28, s.v. 2I7"»; Y: 'j?T3 '33 AT« ib.
— nmits is n.m.cs. opponent in an argument
(4- xmiVs) sg. n'miVs i3 ns'py 'i pn, his
opponent BM 37b(23)
-X: fMIJ^S 13 SAf ib.
13 n.m.cs. liable for execution
(4- 1# xVtSp) sg. Xin xVup 131 X131 a man who is
liable for execution San 61a(8); ib. 15b(8);
37b(17); 78b(8); 88b(38); xVDp 13 1'V V'Bp 'XT
Xin if he kills him he is liable for execution Mak
10b(28); Ber 58a(39); 5g 42b(ll; F1); Svu
7b(33); //«/ 139a(l)
Y: sVdj? 13 Sg 42b(5).
xnii? "I?
239
137
— Nnij? 13 n.m.cs. bald person (4- mp adj.) sg.
&jM52a(29)
Y: Nflli? 13 5o6 ib.
— Ktl/j? 13 n.m.cs. a civil official (4- Xtip) sg.
xnxan XE?p 13 Xinn a certain 6. g.-official of the
town Pes lllb(20); BB 110b(l); n»p 13 Xinn
XJl'IsaiSI a certain b.q.-official of GN Sab
110a(l)
Y: X»j? 13 Sab ib.(BAYTN 2).
— 1331 '33 n.m.pl.cs. scholars (4- ]331) ]331 '33
XrO'riai the scholars of the academy ISGF
117:12; ib. 120:16; n'Dnai 1331T pn'33 the
scholars of GN/& 117:16
— '3131 13 n.m.cs. important person (lit. son
of important people; 4- 31 pi.) sg. MQ 28b(14)
13 n.m.cs. one who attends a festival
(4- X^'l) pi. X"?n '33 BQ 113a(26)
— rOI 13 n.m.cs. prince (4- n31) sg. n31 xV nx
nDI 13 X*71 you are neither a king nor a prince BB
4a(22)
Y: K3113 BB ib.
— '8113 n.m.cs. son of important people (4- D1
adj.)sg. A/2 28b(13)
Y: 'HI 13 MQ ib.
— WZV& 13 n.m.cs. minor diversionary canal
(4- 2#'x'31tf) sg. Git 60b(46; Ar [OHP ib. 241:6])
Geon. expl.: ^k jmo p 'j'pjm Vinii Wyov iwVa s'to 13 "b
pnyion i3i waw'jai [^j^ ^JJ ^ji o- JjI^j Jj>^] ysia
nx ix imx p'oai dim joV7» man 'a to p»» '3 oipa1? mpaa
dx rmemn oifan lmx inx oipa °7X 13 p^in vn» oipaa pn
13 xip rwyi in:n 'a nspa1? nxi x'aw xip n»y: irun 'a 'js'?
X'JW OHP ib. 241:2; Lit: AAC 109.
— iOW 13 n.m.cs. one who is subject to an
attack of insanity (4- X'CW) sg. 'DD3X mm 'TB
'D3'3 ]'31 X'D© 131 X'BW 13 '31 it is analogous to
the property of the estate of one who is subject
to an attack of insanity. One subject to an attack
of insanity sold property Ret 20a(9) // Yev
31a(38)
Y: x;BW 13 Kel ib.
— N1W 13 n.m.cs. matter pertaining to a writ
(4- XIDti;) pi. X1BW '33 BQ 79b(l)
- NTS? 13 n.m.cs. type of demon (4- XTiy) sg.
Hul 105b(53)
Y: XT© 13 Hul ib.
- 'Ilin 13 n.m.cs. fattened ox (4- Xinn) sg. (13!
'IXin (13) AZ 16a(35) [lit. soon of the ones who
fatten an ox]
Gloss ib.: DDB *7V 1W.
- Nn'n 13 n.m.cs. vapor (4- Xn'n) sg. +13
X(n)ini'n GC 136:11 = xn('>(1in 13 ib. 200b:3
[expl. MH ]'»n nirrn mty 1:2]
Lit: Eps, GC ib., note.
2#K13, N13 n.m.cs. field, outer part (Vl13;
4- 'X13, 'X13V, 2# XV3, V3# '13; Sy n'-Li LS 88)
1. field: sg. X1331 XIl'33 within and without [lit.
in the house and in the field] SSHai 2b(3); ib.
8a(8); Dec 5:9; 2. outer part: sg. X131? X13 Sab
78a(28) [mnemonic sign]
Y: X13 BAYTN 7.
- p 13, "3'73 13 prep, except for, outside of
(TA -a 13 TO Gen 14:24, Sy ^ t_=iA LS 88,
Ma ]a 1X31? MD 228) 1. except for: X3a'5?B X1?!
nVism xwii'pi xVoniVm 'oa ysixa 13 xian I
do not taste wine except for the four cups of
Hallel [i.e. on Pesah], qiddus, and havdala Ber
55a(18); T"5n XrVDX'Va 13 XTDX X1113S'1? "73
X'lltfl all irreverence is forbidden except for
irreverence towards idolatry which is permitted
San 63b(29) // Meg 25b(36); AZ 7b(36); Men
66a(27); Bek 23b(33); Tarn 27b(48); n3'a 13
X'nm except for that one Yev 43a(10); Sab
50b(23); Svu 37a(16); Nid 5b(27); Hul 29b(42);
2. outside of: xnV?D)3B 13 X^D'a '3xa eating
vessels (are kept) outside the sukka Suk 48a(25);
XYin ]a 13 outside of the convolution HP 201:19;
rrtrwa pm n'UD ]'a 13 outside of PN's body
Bo 21:15
Y: 1» 13 Ber 38a(44).
— 13?, N137 adv. outside, outwards (Sy t-=jA
LS 88, Ma 1X31? MD 228) 1. outside: a. general:
13V m'rroawn ail most of their [i.e. the shops']
use is outside BB 67a(16); b. w. VpS3 pe: 1) "3X
X13V pS3 PN went outside Ber 48a(7); Hul
57b(43); Ber 24a(5); 2) in statements of censure:

X13V -]'X1p np pis go out (and) recite your
biblical verses outside Ber 30b(6) // Yev 40a(49)
// Ket 56a(7); X131? 'JJ1 p13 go out (and) learn
(this Tannaitic tradition) outside [i.e. it is not
authentic] Sab 106a(6) // Yom 43b(ll) // Yev
77b(22) // BQ 34b(46) // San 62a(8); 2.
outwards: 13^ XJlp 'XI if the hilt is outwards [i.e.
sticking out of the wall] BM 26a(6) [* 4- 1X11?
mng. 2]; £r 97a(16); 55 19b(39); #w/ 48b(36)
Y: -a) Ber 24a(6).
- -a ■«* prep, outside, except for (4- p 13,
"13^; Sy jjbo -Ui-1 LS 88, Ma p 1X31? MD 228)
1. outside: XrO^MB 13^ ^33 p'3J1 xV do not
remove yourself outside of (the limits of) the
traditional law RH 13a(10) // Sot 16b(31); inn
XO'IIBB 131? bin XJS111 'E73K/ certain branches
of a vine which were hanging outside a vineyard
BQ 113b(32); xrW»»'a 131? outside the sukka
HP 25:2; Xrffi'a 13V pis go out of the town HM
42:9; 2. except for: a. w. fol. n.: lbl\ 'X1B 13V
except for these three (cases) Pes 101a(23); '171
XJTX.IB 13V W two days with the exception of
today Yev 62a(23); Pes 68b(36); M# 25b(36);
Gtf 83a(28); BB 69b(14); #«/ 105a(16); /4/ww
24:7; b. w. pron. suf: 'X3'B 13V except for me
iSGF 83:14; "p'a 13V &6 58a(14); ,1T1 ru'8 13V
except for it Hul 98a(37); TO'B 13V Slip X3'X xVl
nB13'V there is no relative except for him to
perform the levirate marriage Anan 115:1
Y: iUTO -13^ Ber 30b(l).
adv. from without, from the outside a.
in a physical sense: 13Vb XJIpV H'V *]"31 he
bends the corner (of the facing) from without BB
4a(48); ib. 4b(l); £/• 8b(38) [4- VjV» usage a];
Sf/fai 6a(10); ]13'Vy XfiX 13V'B X1311 a man has
attacked you from without Bo 78:16; b. in an
amount of money: 13V& P'Vk/ IX VlVa P'Vtf is it
a third 'from within' [i.e. of the original amount,
viz. 33 1/3%] or a third 'from without' [i.e. the
combined amount, i.e. 50%]? BQ 9b(5); BM
53b(36); ib. 54a(7); Men 77a(36); TGHark38:\2
Voc: iSb'a HPP 57:18; Y: "0^8 &• 8b(38).
3#N13 n., in Nttim N13 n.m. a portion of the
garlic (4- l#Xttin) sg. Sab 139b(24); Tan 25a(35)
Geon. expl.: mrbx in GnK5 170:6, i.e. ,-jiJI >Ji; Expl. RaH
240
'OTSK
[Sab ib.]: DW WX"I.
Nia, f. Kfl'?1!? adj. external, outer, wild, n.
outsider (< .1X13*; 4- V113, 2# X"13, 1# XJTT3,
X13 xVAUIfi; TA .1X13 TJ 2K 16:18, Sy rdi-Li
LS 88, Ma 1#X'X1X3 MD 50) I. adj. 1. external:
sg.m. X13 XJ71 the 'external' Tanna [i.e. of a
barraita] RH 33b(21); A/g 17b(35); Qid
22b(30); 50 119b(44); 5M 52a(10); pl.f. J1'3
WlTff 'JYITM 'J73 xn'13 ni'J I,!1? (')(1)Dp:n since
they wander away, it requires extra guarding BQ
57a(15) [4- lsxIJ'J mng. 2b]; 2. outer: sg.m.
X13 XIW the outer row Bek 38b(l) [4- 2#X1in];
Git 69b(51) [4- 1#X1B'X]; X13 XTCWWri the
'outer bridge' iSGF 103:10 [section of Baghdad];
f. Xn"13 XaiSXI XJl'E/X the outer wall of the
mansion Er 25b(14); ]XJ10'J01 XTl'll JXTID'AO
XJV13 Inner GN and Outer GN Yom 10a(ll)
[expl. GN's X3ri3D1 ... rtf)3D Gen 10:7]; pl.m. 'JT3
'X13 'outer chambers' Hag 5b(29) [4- .1XU]; '1XB
'X13 the outer borders (of the house) BB 61b(l;
P1); 'XVI 'X13 'p1»3 XJX I was far away on
business [lit. I was on outer business deals] BB
30a(17; P1) [Var: "X13 'J31K7 outer residences HP
88:25]; Zev 52a(l); 3. wild [cf. BA X13 m>n
HALOT 1838]: I XlJltf, xVlJJI/l; II. n. outer
one, outsider: sg.f. Men 35a(l) [4- nxii mng. II];
pl.m. 1H3 HUxV "X13V XXIJa Jl'Xl the 'outsiders'
[* ]J31] have a custom to lengthen them [i.e. the
blessings] OHT Pes 107:21; ib. 23
Y: NTS Git 68b(26; Mo 8644).
N7N13 4-2#X113n.
I#n»n3adj. 4-X13
2#HN13 adj. domestic (<,1XTJ73*; 4- XTJ?3; Ma
XT3 XVH MD 62, s.v. 2#XT3) pl.f. ... XJV'13 'I'J?
XJ1"13 'Vf! domestic goats/animals Hul 47a(16;
V"§M); ib. 43b(22); 58b(20)
Lit: Y. Kara, QafuV Vol 224320.
'N13 adv. outside (4- 2#X13; Sy dvjrc'i-i LS
88) X23X 'X133 vm «]X1J p'Vo the adulterer went
up and sat outside at the door Ned 91b(13); Zev
77a(3); 'X13T H38 an external sore AZ 28a(12);
Yom 47b(8); Kar 14a(28); Hul 70a(16)
Y:'N53Zev51b(3;Mo 114).
- 'K13K adv. outside (< 'X13 + 'X) a. alone: 1)
-» 'N13N
T " ~
in nom. phrase: 'X13X XnS'1 -|'1D mm he used to
eat his meal outside Er 74b(5); 'X13X IHJrl'XIS
when (the D'llS'K) are outside (the Temple court)
Zev 90a(7); Men 47b(9); Tern 10b(4); Naz
l7b(3); n3 'nDi^T 'xi3X xnxwn ixnn<:)n rr1? mn
'ai^aw he had certain sheds outside (of the press
room) where they used to spread sesame seeds
out (to dry) BB 68a(5); 'X13X rf? TUpriD T you
prepare a place for defecation outside Anan
31:12; ib. 30:3; 2) w. var. vbs.: a) Vsri' pe.: IX1?
'X13X X3Va 3JTaV Xjnx mix it is not proper
behavior for the king to sit outside AZ 2b(14) //
RH 8b(13); Ber 18b(47); Ket 106a(8); San
26b(43); 'X13X 3T1'T X1VD the laver which is
situated outside Anan 35:14; b) VDIp pe.: 'XH
'X13X "XpT the one who is already born [lit. the
one who is located outside (the womb)] Yev
67b(16); ib. 44a(30) [in a fig. sense]; c) V'Ttf pe.:
'X13X iT'TOl he used to throw it outside Ber
57b(57); MQ 4b(19); d) VnD© af: 'X13X nDWS
miJ1? "7"5?D (if) he finds (the animal) outside he
brings (it) inside it [i.e. the stable] BM 32a(29);
b. * 'xu, 'xux, 'xu»: nxaiDi 'xu niiV'x xaVi
'X13X perhaps the trees are inside and the
uncleanness is outside MQ 5b(42); Zev 15a(5);
Men 81a(12); 'X13X XiXI 'X11X XaVj/ '"713
everyone is inside and I am outside Qid 81a(49);
mm 'X13XB 'im from the outside it is ten
(handbreadths high) BQ 51a(18) [* 'X1MJ ib. 19]
Y: 'XH3X Gil 69a(14; Mo 86).
- "» 'N'toN prep, outside (4- ]» 13) 'X13X
XnVVDa'a outside the sukka HP 25:3(HPP
30:18); H1113 nniin xrona 'X13X outside the
place in which you are encamped Anan 28:11
[expl. bh nana1? fina Dt 23:13]; xainn p 'xnsx
outside the limit ib. 29:3; 28:11
- 'N1^, 'K13KV adv. outside (4- 2#X13; Ma
'X1X3X1? MD 50, s.v. 'X1X3) '32/13 mbl] "7"371
'X121? im 'XII1? (the board) goes in three
handbreadths inside and one outside Suk
14b(53); ib. 19a(27); Zev 15a(10); Kom 31a(9);
'X131? VtXI p331 he went outside BB 31a(14);
Anan 30:25 [expl. BH Tin Dt 23:13]; ib. 31:14;
32:6; AZ 72b(18); TPi psn XB1J H3 T3m XTlTn
i?313
'X13X1? an animal in which a bone is broken, and
it protrudes outside (of the flesh) HP 206:6; '"7DJ1
'X13V THP1 xVn they take the sand and remove it
outside (of the boat) RH 23a(31); Ber 58b(17);
'XISXV 'aiB'BT '311 the feathers which are cut to
the outside Hul 31a(l)
Y: waVZev 15a(10).
- 'N^asa adv. outside, from without (Ma p
'xixs md 50) 'xisxa ina"i32?V inrapix he
placed their captors outside Ket 23a(42); Xa"?1
'X13Xa T3J?1 ,T13n TIX perhaps another will
come and build from without BB 4a(48); Bnttn
'X13Xa he cut (his trachea and oesophagus)
outside Git 70b(34); 'X13X8 113 DO rf? XB'K/I
m)> x"?Dpl (the wet nurse) rubs poison on the teat
from the outside, and she kills it [i.e. the nursing
child] AZ 26a(40); Sab 85a(24); Yom 76b(30);
Ket 64b(28); Git 69a(14); BQ 22b(3); BB
14b(l 1); Mid 43a(9); Kar 14a(24)
Y: 'XISKa Sab ib.
'T3 13 n.m. (uncertain) MQ 28b(15)
Both the text and mng. of the phrase are uncertain; cf. OHP ib.
72+.
V313 vb. to dishevel (of hair; < 4- VVsVs w.
dissim. of -/-/- > -r-l-\ i Xri'^^a) QuadRef.
to be disheveled: V313'J xVl ma 1'IDI [XD33D]
a net with which her hair is- tied up so that it
should not be disheveled GC 184:7
Lit: Eps, GC 1847.
n. (uncertain) sg. 'V'V'3 "?313 bp the voice
of a ... at night Bo 38:6 // VuVn Bo 131:1
Lit: M. Geller, OLP 17 [1986] 105: wolf.
j?3H3 vb. to spray water, squirt (JNA p313 to
splash HDNJA 25, Yona 219; cf. LJLA p313
Tg2Jb 27:23 [(Ar [AC 4:316; H pltf]) Quad.:
xm xspi: 'xn x'B Tp3i<3)(3(a 'x ptm m jrnsai
T3 X3'xi xin xaVys xb?tx ypnaa x"?'xi 'idi
'2?31 ]'330ai '31S3'D we blow into it [i.e. the lung]
and see: If the water squirts it is definitely a hole
and (the animal) is terefa. If it does not squirt, it
is merely the noise (of the air) between the
branchiae which are entangled and it is permitted
HP 200:15 = HG3 148:55 [cf. JNA: 'Vx lVp3113a
Xp he splashed water upon me Yona ib.]; 'X
241

i#Nm
t : ~
242
2# NT13
H'1? int? Xp31(3)(3)a if it squirts, he declares it
terefa ib. 149:72
1#NT)3 n.m. ice (4- XT131 XS'3; Sy 1# rc'n-tjp
LS 95, Ma X11X3 hail, ice MD 50, Lidz, ML 90")
sg. "73D1 X113 'I'll inn he broke up icicles and
immersed himself Ber 18b(7; OAr [AC 2:262])
[w. ref. to 2S 23:20; cf. Ma XT1X31 X'lXIXl
icicles Gy 317:11]; X33J?3 pi31 XS'pn Xp13
Xn31 'I'll 13;iai the strong lightning which
flashes in the cloud and breaks the icicle(s) ib.
59a(25; Ar [AC ib.]); "73713 ,T/13'3Itf 1M!1 ]»
X1131 X113 the one who placed His Divine
Presence in the temple of fire and ice .80 16:3 [cf.
Ma X1131 X11X3 Gy 314:17]; X1131 ]'33J7 clouds
of ice [i.e. hail] ib. 129:10; X1131 ybm streams
of ice ib. 136:16
Though the correct rdg. in Ber 59a(25) is uncertain [v. DS, ad
loc, n. 3; AC 2:262], the mng. of the word seems assured. Y:
XTI3 Ber 18b(7).
2# NT13, N1N13, KTN 13 n.m. cosmetic lotion
made of an alkali plant, myrtle, and violets
(etym. unkn.) sg. Sab 50b (12) [Var: X1X13 SMel
42:16, XIX 13 Ar (AC 2:172)]
The composition of this substance is given in Sab ib. as: XTlVfi
^J'O xrib/ll XOX xrf?lJll xVniX a third '.-plant, a third myrtles,
and a third violets; Y: X'W'p Sab ib.(BAYTN 41).
3# S113 n.m. an unclean bird (etym. unkn.) sg.
Hul 62b (15)
Y: X1-I3 Hul ib.(BAYTN 77).
l#pV13 adj. strong (etym. unkn.; 4- 2#XT3)
sg.m. Xpi13 mw strong twisted rope Git 69a(6)
[Var: Xp113 X<n)lT1|'E/ OHT ib. 155:6]
Geon. expl.: p'm 'ran OHT ib., i.e. jjj) JJi.
2#pl13, |T13 adj. yellow, n. cataract
(4- Vl#p13) I. adj. yellow: sg.m. Xp113 XT1 a
yellow cord AZ 28b(4; TGHark 22:30) [P1:
Xp13]; Xp13 XT1 Sab 67a(8); II. n.m. Npi3, f.
Nnpm, Tipi13 cataract [< 'r)p!13 (Xl'y) shiny(?)
eye; Ma XTlplin X3'X, X3'X by XTipTYD MD 57,
70]: sg.m. Xpi3 Bek 38b(9; V9); f. X'a XJWa
'npllS1? 'lyp XJ7X3 drinking water in a plate
causes a cataract Pes lllb(42); Git 69a(l); mi
Xnp113 the spirit of the cataract Bo 123:4;
XT\yrab HMZT.U
Geon. expl.: n"B31 7ipi3 yi3X X1TO mrtw Wan ]» Bin
IDXX'jX TGHark ib., i.e. >J=Vl yellow [mng. I]; XIX 'Tlpna
npnan ^ra py Vx nmpx if the eye became white, like npnan
[MBM 6:2] OHT Git 155:3; OHR ib. 44:20 [mng. II]; Lit:
Friedman, BM VI 1453; Geller, Vademecum 18 [mng. II]. The
mng. of Xp-Q 'V/IB 3W seven wicks of ... AZ 28b(22; M) is
uncertain; Y: 'Jlpna Pes lllb(42; BAYTN 317).
xmi3 4- xnns n.
113 vb. to bore a hole, pierce through
(4- l#Xn3, Xfi'3T13, Vf13; TA 113 TJ IS 18:11)
Pe. (a/ ) 1. to bore a hole: XSS'13 ni'l'Iim
mi3 mpaim X"?I1S1 he bored it with a pick of
iron, and they left it inside of it Sab 103a(4); ib.
146a(36) [4- X'CH13]; (D'law) 'Iffr 11131 'Tin Hbt
Himn Xmi1? ,1113 xVl that he did not bore a hole
in it [i.e. the wine jug] below opposite the lees,
or that he did not bore a hole in it towards the
south wind HP 87:13 = HG2 482:19; Seel
93:14(Var); 2. to pierce through: I13'a I'1? T'131
he pierces him through completely (with a sword)
San 52b(39); ib. 76b(39); Hul 8a(29) [w. a spit]
Pa. to pierce: 1'*7 |3'I13ai XlV'O p'Jl'S we bring
a thorn and pierce it [i.e. the pustule] Hul 47a(3);
XTVnVtn n'PBJX I'T<3)0}a he pierces himself
with thorns Git 84a(20) [4- Vlin af.]
Lit: Eps, Stl 116.
1#NT13, NIN13 n.m. bung-hole (4- Vl13; Sy
rc^T-=> perforation BBah 433:4 [= *? V\ -.]) sg.
X)T3m XI13 the bung-hole of the jug Yev
75b(41); ,13'a XI13 Vp/lWXI xn'3n X',11 a certain
jug whose bung-hole (cover) was removed AZ
59b(17) [Var: XIX13 HGP 56b:27]; ib. 19; 60a(2);
X311 XT13 bung-hole of a vat Sab 139b(24); BB
98a(24); ,TIX133 Xmi'p xrUOT Xl»m X3X1 the
bung-hole of a vat of wine in which a mass of
bitumen is placed OHT Sab 151:22
Voc: XJVam XH3 Yev ib. [Lesonenu 45(1981) 187 (fragment
of Egron)]; Y: XP3 AZ 59b(17; BAYTN 109).
2#NT13 n.m. strap, cord, strip (4- ]'T13X) sg.
XlVn X'DID1? xpaiO XT133 like a red strap for a
white horse Hag 9b (3 7) [// JPA XpaiD xpiy PRK
242:1]; pi. 1"ia '1^'y pop'ai '113 cords which
are tied on her hair Seel 113:41; 'P33 I'1? V'pttH
he removes it [i.e. the leather] in strips Sab
117a(18)
Lit: AAC 106; Eps, Stl 122; Y: Xp3 Hag 9b(37; BAYTN 77).
M'T-O 243 2#na
NJ'TIS n.m. small measure, drinking vessel
(4- 'ITTSW; etym. uncertain; > Arab cajjt small
drinking vessel made of palm leaves Fr, AF 208)
1. small measure: sg. Kin'!1? X3'I13 a small
measure (of urine is an antidote for the sting of)
a wasp Sab 109b(33; M); 2. drinking vessel: pi.
'3'T13 Ar [OHP Ket 37:22]
Geon. expl.: /lT3ia °7p pp 131 Xn@13 TRN 628:12; Lit:
Geig, AAC 106; Y: XJ'na Sab ib.(BAYTN 235).
bra I Wns vb.
[rubra 4- xVns n.]
Sn'3T"l3 n.f. tapping, boring (4- Vt13) pi. 'D1
xn"3T13 the cost of the borings (of the wine
barrels) BM 99b(33; HEsAr [AC 2:188]); ib.
40b(5; EsH!)
Y: Xn'Jtia BAYTN 279.
ni3 vb. to flee, remove, evade (< BH l#ni3
HAL 149; SA ni3 pe. DSA 112; 4- Vpiy) Pe.
(a/ ): Hyii?b ni3 T1X X'DS?1? ni3 -|13X your father
fled to GN. You, flee to GN2 BM 84a(4) [Ed:
p'iy ... piy]; BQ 91a(7)
Af. 1. to remove from s.o.'s possession: 'mi3X
n'J'B I'1? ni3D Xp he actually wants to remove it
[i.e. the field] from his possession BM 72b(15);
ni3i» nvyib ra'nism x'j?3i xnxi'x x'nn a
certain woman who wanted to remove her
property from her husband's possession Ket
78b(45); BQ 88b(46); ib. 47; 2. w. mVll to
evade: 1»X1 n'2?Dl ni3D he evades (the problem)
and says TGAs28 16:13 [cf. MH2 1»sy n'13» J
192]; 3. w. K'lK to remove an imminent danger
[lit. to chase a lion away]: -]1XBB "(? 'ni3X X'lX
I removed the imminent danger from the border
of your field (by purchasing from a pagan) BM
108b(8); Ned 33a(23) [by paying s.o.'s debt]; ib.
62b(8) [avoiding a tax collector]
KITIS, NnN"l3 n.m. buck (Sy rcUvUi LS 96,
Ma'x'HXIXS pi. MD 50, 2#XinX£) ib. 360) sg. BQ
20a(l); ib. 48a(16); Xni31 (meat) of a buck Sab
18b(25); ib. 31; Xni31 XIW'1 the head of a buck
ib. 110b (40); Xni31 XJT>Vd the kidney of a buck
AZ 28b(15); Xni31 IX X1D11 XipiSI X»ip the
membrane of the brain of a ram or a buck HM
41:14; xnX13 SMel 42:17; xnxip XTOTQ a
hornless buck San 63b(45) [expl. BH X»'B;x 2K
17:30]; 15?31X3 Xmp xni3 a hornless buck is
worth four (coins) Sab 152a(22)
Lit: Geig, AAC 106 [not < P]; Tel 35; Shaked, EIr260; Y: Xrn?
Bg20a(l; BAYTN 78).
sVt313 n.m. a head covering (etym. unkn.) sg.
HG1 196:77 [expl. 4- X1"D]
Lit: Eps, GCIntr 49179, connects this word w. 'Nab' <l±*ji lit.
son of a shadow Jawal 29:9, but the mng. of the word is not
given there.
1#'13 vb. to create (4- X'13; Sy K'A-a LS 94,
Ma X13 MD 69) Pe.: Xaty 11X3 'P'lS 1J7X3 'X if
the righteous wish, they can create the world San
65b(39); ib. 67b(25); I'1? ibpi I'V 11X3 '11,1 irM1?!
the next day they create him again, and they burn
him Git 57a(2; MGD 728:27); Ber 52b(51); ib.
58a(43); RH 18a(48); mbyb ,1'DSXI -p Xn'l
NC'I'a 1"13'X1 do you want me to destroy the
world and create it anew? Tan 25a(39); X131 ]a
HjnXI X'Stt? the One who created the sky and the
earth Bo 2:2; ib. 29:5; 88:6
Itpe. 1. to be created: a. general: 113'a XDT "73
IIJ'1 TUB 'DxVa 'Sbx ID'^n 13,000 angels are
created each day from the river of fire Hag
14a(10); xrU'2?V x"?X H^1? '13'X X1? the night was
only created for sleep Er 65a(32); ib. 27b(53);
Ber 61a(17); Sab 156a(29); Ned 39b(22); Qid
65b(40) [4- l#Xip»]; San 98b(45); ^Z28b(14);
Hul 27b(38); b. in a miraculous fashion: B/Tiin'X
x'ai xryi X3ii'n inV '13'xi xci irr1? a miracle
took place for them and a carob tree and a spring
of water were created for them Sab 33b(31); Ber
54a(37; MGE 146:14); 2. w. 'b to create: '13'a
I'1? '"7DX1 Xnbn X"?1'57 in1? they created a three-
year old calf and they ate it San 65b(43)
2# '13 vb. to become strong, healthy, oversize
(4- '13 adj.; JPA 2# '13 DJPA 112, MH '13 hif. J
192) Pe. 1. to become strong, fit, healthy: a.
alone: nX'131 XII XTO1 it was now that she
became healthy Yev 65a(19); '1X3 1'V 'TOa '31
rOX^a T3J?1 when he retains it [i.e. the ox] it
becomes fit and can do work AZ 16a(35); ]X'13
D'33 "]in those lice (in the garments) regain their
strength Pes 112b(26); b. w. Vnn pe.: 'S3 "T1
'1X3 nn WTD his (animal) also becomes weak

3#na
244
'"!?
(and) then regains its strength AZ 30b(40); )pT
na Tin x"71 an old (animal) which does not
regain its strength again Bek 41a(28); xVl p'31
]1'3 X3n "73X X'"I3 X"lin XT1X H3 WbV
X'"I3 XTin X1? XT1X m BnWfffilx'?)! since the air
does not affect it [i.e. an internal organ] it may
regain its fitness. But in this case since the air
affects it, it does not regain its fitness Suk
36a(10); Hul 46b(17); ib. 31; 55b(26); 58a(21);
93b(4); 2. to be oversize: in'TIJl Xm'"l3 T\m& 'X
X"l3a 'V3 if it is because of (the animal's) obesity,
both of them [i.e. the eyes] need to be oversize
5e£3b(31)
Af. 1. to strengthen: Xj"?'X "TDK to strengthen
the tree MQ 3a(28) // Suk 44b(32) // AZ 50b(20);
2. to make healthy: n'tfBJ "ia ina '"I3':i make
yourself healthy with it [i.e. the money he
returned to him] Tan 21b(41); BQ 36b(37); BM
84b(5; SM 64:22); 3. to fatten: inV 'X Wm +'X
mwnsx in1? 'x xin xns 'xi mnax if he was lean,
he said to them: "Fatten him up." If he was fat,
he said to them: "Make him lean" Nid 47b(34) //
Yev 97a(23) // BB 155b(ll)
Itpe. 1. to be wholesome: OWO na'BT "13 Vo'l?
Xin Xn3131 eat (of the meat) because it is
wholesome, since it comes from a firstborn Tern
8b(28); 2. w. 'b to get well: Utiby TFb '{X)"I3'X he
got well BM 84b(5; F1); Seel 100:3; Yev 80a(6)
Lit: Eps, Stl 119 [Itpe., mng. 2],
3# '"13 vb. to remove, penetrate, separate
(denom. < i 2# X"I3; Sy ,-usi to separate LS 88,
Ma '"13 pa., itpa. MD 69 [listed s.v. X"l3, but v. LS
ib.!]) Pa. to remove, take away: M"T3 XJTCK1 V'T
go, now, (and) take it away! Git 34a(8; HP 62:27)
Af. 1. to permeate: '"I3X X1? "?3X '"I3XT '"?'» 'im
XV this refers to where (the blood) permeated (the
loaf). But (if) it did not permeate-no Hul
112a(20); 2. to penetrate: nam 'T» n'3 f! 'X
TVb if he inserted something into it [i.e. the
nostril] which penetrates it ib. 93b(24; Ar [AC
3:115]); napu '"na x"?t a J by >|x xaprai nxn
'XllV even though the hole of a lung which is
perforated does not penetrate to the inside HP
201:13
Itpe. to separate o.s.: n"IBB 'X"I3'X1 because it
became separated from its owner Nid 50b (14)
[expl. 4- xns x^inn ib.]
4# '13 vb. to eat a meal (MH '"13 hif. J 192) Pe.:
XIS'D1? '5?3 mn '3 when he was about to partake
of a meal (after fasting three days) Hul 87a (24);
RH 21a(16; GRHIntr 59); Git 56a(41); xVl
ps x"7i3 xm^b nm 'ar nn vprnb "ircs'x it is
impossible to go through two days and two nights
without eating Seel 126:36; nnoi *?I')3X1 X"l3i
even though he ate a meal, ate, and drank ib.
75:13
Af. to give a meal: T1X 'mn 'V<a)PlX H3S Tin '3
'"13B nn they used to give a meal to the mourners
only under the cedar trees Sot 35a(31)
5#'H3 vb. to quit a claim (< Arab Ijj, IjjI Wehr
49; JudA '13 af. JDS3 7:26, 69; cf. SA '13 itpe.
to be clear of guilt DSA 114) Pa.: rrmai n'71'X31
anna nTi-i'V pi 'jVs"? -ixrax n'rriEn .tti'jmi I
have cleared it, quit its claim, cleansed it, and
released it concerning this NN and his heirs (who
will come) after him S$Hai 5a(6); n"1"iaV ib.
5b(7); 6a(19); 18b(l); SSSad 187:16; 202b:12
Lit: Kut, Studies 424 [Heb]; Greenfield, AKY 498+.
'13 adj. strong, fat, certain (I V2#na,
Xm(X)'"l3; MH2 X'"I3 J 192) 1. strong, healthy:
sg.m. Ket 50a(37) [* i WTO mng. 2]; X*71 Xin px
n'^nn1? pina '13 it is our eyesight which is not
strong enough to see it BB 84a(18); X'"I3 XllrU
(his) eyesight (was) strong Qid 24b (49)
[* I tiVO]; rrbm '"13 his destiny is sound Tan
29b(3) [* yn]; jna yiv "?3x xin nxsi xini this
is when he is healthy, but if he is mortally ill HP
59:30; TGAs42 33:24; f. '3D X'"I3 XTin'Xt XSWQ
because a woman is stronger San 69b(29); pl.m.
'X'"I3 '33 healthy sons Ket 61a(l); 'X'"I3 'pir
healthy children Geon 119:25; 2. fat: sg.m. Mrf
47b(34) [+ //'s; 4- V2# '"13 af, mng. 3]; f. 01TO
'SB XJ'BPl X'"13"I because (this egg) is fatter fies
7a(ll) [double rdg.]; pl.f. xnxna 5g 118b(39)
[of sheep]; 3. certain: sg.m. '"1X3 (it is) certain
Svu 42b(19); Xin ]B1EH 'V '1X3 I am certain that
it is fat Yev 88a(7); f. XT131 X'13 it is certain and
clear TGAs42 61:5
Y: T!? Ket 61a(l; BAYTN 274).
vtra
t : t
Nn3 n.m. creator (I Vl#'"13 pe. part.; Sy
r<LioT-i LS 94, Ma X'T1X3 MD 50) sg.
Tn3"I n'n(1)"l(1l3J the might of your creator BB
73a(25;MGG 31:15)
'31'n3 n.m.pl. outlaws (< Akk baranu rebel CAD
B 103, aioa 41) 'tt n'xras'Bn nm 'ma man
TXB certain outlaws who were in PN's
neighborhood Ber 10a(4); San 37a(27); Tan
23b(34; M2); ib. 24a(42; V17); B?'"l X"lp'D X3X
□Vwm '3T13 PN, the chief of the outlaws of
Jerusalem Git 56a(44); ib. 29; 56b(7)
Geon. expl.: nxpl OHP Ber 107:13, i.e. cli} insolent; D'XnB
pilO n'jIDB mian OHP Git 239:21; Y: 'Jin? fler 10a(4;
BAYTN 260).
NJ1V13, Nmxna n.f. strength, obesity (4 na
adj.) 1. strength: sg.cs. n'SU m'")3 his bodily
strength TGAs28 3:7; det. "?xatt?3 x"?nnx Xmn3
the strength developed in (his) left (hand) Bek
45b(20); WlVTa n'lB/T nana an animal whose
strength is fit AnanSch 23:25; 2. obesity: sg. Yev
97a(23) [* I XriTO'ns]; 55 155b(13) // Nid
47b(36); Xm'IT xmna excessive obesity Bek
3b(30); 3. perh. willpower: sg. nana XTin Xp
xmna she retracts (from drinking the potion)
because of (her) willpower Sot 19b(39; V2);
msaT xmna the willpower of (properly
performing) a commandment OHT Yevl\:\l
Y: xnma baytn 190.
i#Kn'na, xnna, Pi. Knxna n.f. banaita, a
TIT"' 'r TTT- '
Tannaitic tradition which was not included in
the Mishna (< XiT'ia [XIl'M] external Mishna;
I Xn3 adj., det.f; JPA 2#n'n3 det. DJPA 113) a.
alone: sg. H'V ya«? xV Xmna he had not heard
(this) barraita Sab 19b(12); Er 19b(12); G;?
45a(l); Ara 30a(l); Xnn33 '33 XT\bl\ three
sections in the barraita Bes 26b(8); .IDS'X xn'13
X'JJl the barraita learns the opposite [i.e.
transposes the names] Suk 19b(l 1); Sg 96b(41);
xn"13a p"T bxiatt; PN makes an inference from
a barraita Svu 38a(16); BB 95b(19); pi. '3n 'n"?1D
XriX'13 all of these barraitot TGHark 103:22;
xnxna prx nsoi xnsoi xnsoim xnxna ("]>{]) am
I'ilDp1?! ]11-\ 13m those barraitot of the Tosefta,
Sifra, and Sifre are barraitot which the Rabbis
learnt and collected iSGF 27:9; ib. 30:15; 40:1;
■via
47:11; 57:13; b. * fn'ina: sg. yn'jnaa pm
XJT133 X3'3ni we learnt (it) in our Mishna and we
learnt (it) in a barraita BQ 92b(40); 'axn '©X 31
XJinax TJTJJia PN points out a contradiction
between our Mishna and a barraita Zev
115a(27); BM 18b(13); AZ 16b(7)
Geon. expl.: X^B pn W3 iniiK K1? U'ruwoa \TV.V Dnai ^ax
xnxna ix^fB 'an owm p nuix'n x^x mrw ux TGHark
103:28; Voc: xfl^S HPP 35:19; Y: Xfin? Ber 31a(27; BAYTN
226).
2# Xri""13, abs. irna n.f. natural state, person
(i xnxn'3 na; TA xfina TJ Ezek 1:14, Sy
K'^L.-tia, pi. rc'iUT^. LS 94, Ma 1#XX1X'T3
MD 62) 1. natural state [lit. creation]: sg. DX1
nn"?sai V'rn n'jmaa if (the lettuce) is in its
natural state you should go, and you will be
successful HM 42:1; 2. person: sg.abs. p'3W xV
nna "731? "n 'O'X PN makes life impossible [lit.
does not leave life] for any person BM 92a(26);
pi.det. xrvnab x(')5?3naT n'Vn'j nsn give it to
him [i.e. the knife to the Angel of Death], for it
is required for (killing) people Ket 77b(30); Tan
24a(19); BM 85a(21); AZ 20b(24); XTinai "n
people's lives [i.e. matters of health] Sab 82a(ll)
Y: Xfipa BAYTN 193.
^I'^a adj. blessed (4- V"|"13 pe., pass.part; TA
Ti3 TO Gen 9:26, Sy Kli^-ua LS 96, Ma JIS
MD 70) sg.m. xnsn 'xm nna x»rn ins
blessed is the Merciful One, the Master of this
bread Ber 40b(24); ib. 54b(53); 3n' 'T X2»m I'la
'Xn'"?n ]X'niX blessed is the Merciful One who
gave a threefold teaching Sab 88a(14); ib.
46b(5); Qbvb y>na 713 blessed is your coming
in peace Ket 17a(20) // San 14a(47); nW yia
Xin T"I3 XltfllpT blessed is the name of the Holy
One, Blessed be He Seel 1:56; ib. 73:32; 108:8;
138:17; Xin "pa 'TOVx Bo 54:4
Lit: Eps, Stl 91 [Seel]; Y: ip"!3 Ber 40b(24).
T"13 adj. set apart, clear, truthful (i Vina; Sy
r^-U-via LS 88) 1. set apart: sg.m. T13 X1? nnaa
rm faip nna xan mn paip the handful of the
meal offering is not set apart. In this case [i.e.
with the showbread], the handful is set apart Men
8a(12); ib. llb(37); 2. clear, certain: sg.m. 'Xai
xaarD "133 xaV "lnai we have already written to
245

nna
246
xaiia rraia
you what is clear to us iSGF 105:15; ]b T13 X*71
Kin jxa it is unclear to us who it is TGHark 82:5;
ib. 106:33; f. XJT>'» XT13 the matter is certain i'&
40:1; 45:34; 48:11; 193:27; XM XnT13 X7r?'» i&
203:7; 272:17; pl.m. 'TT3 '»?» distinct reasons
ib. 276:23; f. p'13 XJISOim 'b'Bl the matters of
the Tosefta are clear iSGS 34:13; 3. truthful
[caique < Arab jjjii]: pl.m. bvrwa m 'psa xVl
imap 'T131 HTO3 X^'X (the Muslim courts) do
not take away money from a Jew except by means
of witnesses who are truthful before them
TGAs42 23:10; ib. 14
Y: T-13 Men 8a(12).
'T13 interj. word used in incantation
(shortened form < 4- 1# XTT30 pl.) Pas 112a(26)
///4Z12b(22)
Lit: Geig, AAC 108; Y: 'T1? Pes ib.
Ntfna 4- xtf'i n.
Nn'13/Nn'ia n.f. perh. mistake (etym.
uncertain) sg. XM XJV13 'IPX 3YJ X(1)m this
(statement) of PN is, in fact, a mistake }fev
82a(23); Pes lla(17); Zev 100b(19); Xmi3 Yev
21a(24); Afew 95b(24); /Tar 14a(51); XTVTU 5A/
9a(32); /& 71b(31); 39; BB 101b(8); 145a(39)
Geon. expl.: ]V IIXsVk ^>B(«^K VlpVx ,12 ITT 13X^K1 ... XTl'ia
3NlxVx LPT 149:19 [v. Abramson, ib. 139]; expl. An lytW Dlp»
nniTj nax k^n iyo 'oi^i djtojV in x1? rafcn ran s^i own
XM Jl'llX'n TOT 'OlVa Ar [AC 2:166], i.e. 1 Vn3 pa. The exact
form and mng. of this word are uncertain. The form Xnn3 is
found in Tractate Neziqin, ace. to HEsP2, as well as in other
mss. and in the printed editions, but this may be a later
etymologizing correction from V'13. Lit: Bacher, Term 2:20; S.
Friedman [forthcoming]; Y: WTil Sab 27a(31).
"p3 vb. to bless, recite a blessing (4- *|'13,
X/1313; Sy v\t-13 pa. LS 96, Ma "p3 pa. MD 70)
Pe.: I "|'13
Pa. 1. to bless s.o.: a. by God: n'313'1? X3»m
X'iVs1? may the Merciful One bless NN Ara
16a(8); iSGF 110:9; b. by humans: xVr '3113
,!? ]1313 they did not even bless me MQ 9b(13);
XObft Ul'Tl H'3131 bwi Daniel whom Darius,
the king, blessed Ber 7a(16); 2. to recite a
blessing: a. alone: ia TIS'1? recite the blessing
Ber 46a(7); -|'131 *|1l»n recite the blessing (of
grace after meals) quickly [i.e. before another
does it] ib. 53b(42); p'313fc X1? '3113 we do not
indeed recite a blessing (on the sukka) Suk
47a(15); 3'Dam 310,1 -p3'bl let him recite the
blessing 3'B».TI 31D,1 San 42a(3); RH 28b(30);
Meg 21b(44); Ket 8a(30); AW 49b(41); Men
43b(50); '3113 lima 'J7X3 he is required to recite
a blessing again HP 188:5; ib. 208:9; /i/ian
17:22; b. w. "X/ty upon s.t.: ]J'313a xb mx
filJlTa '3'» X113 rrfr'y we do not recite upon rice
the blessing for baked items Ber 37a(27); Pay
107a(36); TPb TIBN mty 113tt he recites a
blessing upon it and drinks it Er 40b (27); Anan
18:9; c. w. ~b for s.o.: p T13 recite a blessing for
us Ber 48a(28); 3. euph. to blaspheme [cf. BH
JI3 pi. IK 21:10; etc. HAL 153, mng. 6]: XJXW'1?
'31131 an expression of blaspheming San 56a(l 1)
[w. ref. to 3j7'3 Lev 24:16]
Itpa. to be blessed: lfin'31 "pawn '371 '3 so
that his wife should be blessed Ber 51b(5; P);
■pSJltt iTS'313 XTU a river is blessed from its
banks Sab 65b(6) [+ //'s; 4- 2#XS'3 mng. 1]
Nrpia, pl. NJ1K313 n.f. blessing, grace after
the meal (4- V"p3; Ma XT13T3, etc. MD 63, Sy
rc'&.oio-a LS 96) 1. blessing: sg. XJlEfil 13'X
X71313 XTO pJUB if, indeed, (I had not come)
now, you would have deprived me of this blessing
Hag 5b(41); VU'J XTD'IX XJ1313 Xin ">rfra all of
them are (considered as) one 'long' blessing Pes
I03b(i5) [v. RaH]; nvip iu'3i3i xrois -\m
Vxittf'b n'3 he blessed you with the blessing with
which God blessed the Jews MQ 9b(26); Meg
27b(46); pl. 7U'3 XT1X313 'mis "pn all of those
(statements) are blessings MQ 9b(15); 2. esp.
grace after the meal [caique < MH2 H313
(I'lrlX1?) Ber 41b(21)]: sg. XJ13133 VtVo lpB'Jl
Xm1?! B?m let them all fulfill their obligation
with the exilarch's grace Ber 50a(37); ]b 'J.0 X*7
XT1313 X^3 we must have a grace ib. 48a(21); XD3
Xri3131 the cup (of wine) of the grace ib. 51b(8);
Pes 103a(28); Suk 49b(14; M2); Ber 51b(17)
[4- XJ33]
Y: Rmi2 Ber 34a(24; BAYTN 193).
— N31TM D?13 n.f.cs. grace after the meal
(caique < MH jteri rB")3 MSotK 7:1, J 195) sg.
Ber 43a(2); ib. 39; 46b(48); 49a(39); 51b(6)
Y: SUiRl mil Ber 43a(2).
ma
D13 vb. perh. to weave (cf. Arab fji to twist a
rope Wehr 55) Pe.: 'J by mvivn 3HT 1!5in
J'S'OaXTC} the gold threads of the chain [v. Ex
28:14] are woven threefold Anan 8:22
Itpe. to be woven: D'(n3)n3),» '1 by nonx "731
each cord (of the fringes) is woven threefold ib.
20
Lit: Eps, Stl 74. Because of the fact that the form is emended
here and the it is attested only in Arab, this entry is doubtful.
Ona conj. but (perh. < X» + 13; TA ar\2 TO Gen
7:23, Sy y,\j=> LS 97) a. BT [archaic]: X3D D13
'»X 13 'XTim but the elder of the Jews says so ...
BB 58b(3); b. Geon.: 'p-'Tib J1X -px D13 but you
need to learn Seel 1:49; ib. 2:25; 74:23 [and
passim in this text]; SOZ 84:12
The phrase in Seeltot is often abbreviated to T1X 0"O, e.g. Seel
65:21; ib. 103:44; or just DTJ Geon 372:6; TGHark 191:26 [v.
Eps, Stl 90]; Y: ETO Hul 56a(22).
DO")? n.m. pleurisy (< Mir *barsam [cf. NP bar
breast + sam swelling, disease PED 166, 643]; Sy
n^u»l3 LS 97, Ma DXD1X3 MD 51, > Arab
fUy3 PLAr 44) sg. (DXDlonS1? Git 69a(41)
[followed by a medication]; DDISV 'WpCO 01WB
DD13V '«?]? XTliyB (one should not drink froth)
because it causes pleurisy. Drinking (it) causes
pleurisy Hul 105b(31); ib. 33
Lit: Fl, TMW 1:288; Geig, AAC 107; Tel 36; Y: DDia Git
ib.(BAYTN 223).
pa vb. to bore (4- VtT3, XST3; Sy^i^D LS 98)
Pa.: X"S1£;T iy msi31 they bored a hole in it [i.e.
the barrel] until it poured out (the wine onto his
hand) AZ 59b(6; JAr [AC 2:198])
Lit: Eps, Stl 116.
pna vb. to flash (4- 2#pro adj., xnpro, i# xpns,
Xnp-13; Sy ^oi^j LS 98, Ma pi3 MD 70) Pe.:
XHjn pin XS'pn Xpi3 strong lightning which
flashes in the cloud Ber 59a(27; F); Bo 14:8
[4- XpH3]
[p13 4- l#pT13n.]
l#Ni?"ia n.m. lightning flash (4- Vpi3; Sy
rCJi\A LS 98> Ma ^P"1'3 MD 63) sg. Xp13
X3as?3 pntn XS'pIl a powerful lightning flash
which strikes in the cloud Ber 59a(25); Xp13
nXTrl' an individual lightning flash ib. 32 [expl.
MH D'pns Mib. 9:2]; XTim Xpi3 white lightning
ma
ib.; Xpn3 ^ ]7"I3 flashing like lightning Bo 14:8;
pl.abs. pp-Q ib. 78:5
Y: Xjn? Ber 59a(25; BAYTN 78).
2# Npia n.m. (uncertain; perh. balustrade, attic;
cf. Ma l#Xp1X3 pen, stable MD 51) sg. XITI
'31H 31 '3 mm XpnX3 a certain ... which was in
PN's house Er 15a(44); xV^n Kpll hollow ... BB
61a(7; HHP 94:27)
Geon. expl.: V? nmB ,1XT DX1 W2B20 Wn 1H1 HDini T»ljm ^JO
a I'wonwai TinV nns TGAs42 138:4; 'ynw jwba xpna
njlBDOM'IN GnK5 171:21, i.e. H\jLj,\ column. Lit: Geig, AAC
108: perh. < P; v. Fl, Levy 1:288.
3#xpna 4- i#nx3n.
NflplpIS n.f. frog (< XDpTipX 13; 4- XripTlpX)
sg. BB 74b(15; MGG 51:6) [in mnemonic]
NJlp13 n.f. type of demon (lit. cataract; Ma
xrmp'ji xnsxr piT3 MD 62) pl. X13H xnpns
Xn31p'31 the male and female fa-demons Bo 88:2;
ib. 5; 7; 9
113 vb. to set aside, choose, clarify (4- TH3; BH
1#TI3 HAL 155) Pe. (a/u) 1. to set aside: m"l3,!7
3*73 nns1? IT'ra m let him set aside one of them
[i.e. the lambs] as equivalent to a dog Bek
57a(12); XTU3 '(^niW'Jl 'TIT H$mX 111331 let
him set aside four zuzim and throw (them) into
the river Yom 55b(18); 2. to prove: 1113 ^l
inV'OX go (and) prove your use of the property
[i.e. that you had possession of the property for
three years] BB 29b(24) // ib. 159b(36)
Pa. 1. to choose: XJ'inx xn '3 im 11131 '^tX
they went and chose another court for themselves
San 23a(26); 2. to clarify: mils'? KTb ."Wa
'HIS1? '3'X 'W\m it is not possible to clarify (a
case of the husband's) death. It is possible to
clarify (a case of) divorce Ket 22b(35); 'J3X '31
xirra1? nb Tisa mn inabi p'i3 mn "jari'xa pn
used to check (for a blemish on a firstborn
animal) on the day before (the festival), and on
the following day he would clarify the matter Bes
27a(34; HP 5:15); iSGF 57:4; TGHark 106:12;
ib. 192:2; n'JXSPin mis'? to clarify his account
ib. 275:33; X3"? mm clarify it for us NDGR
97:17; pass.part. XTV?a X"M X113a 131 when this
matter is clarified ib. 225:2; 3. to quit a claim
[4- V5#'i3 pa.]: mnosowi rvrrrpsi mn'S's I
247

i#Kma
t ~ :
248
Nnnx na
T t -;
indemnified him, quit his claim, and satisfied
him TGHark 186:31
Itpa. to be clear, clarified: XjV VianXl it was
clear to us SSHai 13a(12); SSSad 268:7; TGAs42
72c:5; ib. 79b:24; Geon 270:7; 'Tffy n'V TO'Xl
it was clear to him (that this animal was) the tenth
(and was designated for the tithe) Bek 59a(14);
ib. 59b(10); MQ 10b(39; Sidra 9 158:18); JVO
in'saxs x-ran'xi ixb:j xrn '33 xn^a XTian'XT
'BXn since the matter was clarified in court, it is
as if it were clarified in their presence TGHark
111:26; ib. 112:1; 167:10; TGAs42 70:24; ib.
78:20
Lit: Kut, Studies 424 [Heb; Pa., mng. 3],
i#Nrna, abs. nna, cs. na, pi. una n.f.
daughter (4- Xm3 na; TA Xfria TO Gen 30:21,
Via" Lev 18:9, pi. xflfr ib. 6:1, Sy rc^-up, cs.
in\^p, pi. K'&isi LS 93, Ma xnxn3, cs. nxn3,
pi. xnXM MD 70) sg.abs. ma Sftfai 5b(4); cs.
J13 5er 6a(16); det. xma Meg 12b (43); pl.abs.
pa Ket 23a(44); cs. 7U3 HP 143:8; det. XDXJia
BM 39b(ll);- 1. daughter: a. general: sg. 'T
xma .TV X'ln X3'pj? PN had a daughter Sab
156b(19); MQ 9b(46); nnon xV '!3i Xm3 l^SX
'am the Merciful One did not also make him
want even for a daughter BB 141a(21); xVpH
Trrf? a date palm is for my daughter Ket
109b(34); BB 132b(16); nvroV X'iTU pTa"? to
purchase a dowry for his daughter Tan 24a(25);
'Xma 3'0J xn come (and) marry my daughter
Qid 71b(5); -10'pH n'm3 the emperor's daughter
Tan 7a(53); Sa« 93a(39); ATe/ 61a(5); n'"?1 Xni3
/*na« 101:4; pl.abs. ]J3 J?3W seven daughters Yev
83b(15); pj'X l"-|lBn pa they are the daughters
of a scholar Ket 23a(44; V5); det. XJiaO XVCT
XJ1X33 nbn rf? X'lm a certain old woman who had
three daughters BM 39b(10); JU3 '3'3 *7Bp PN
killed my daughters Afg 9b(48; Sidra 9 152:2);
"|nJ3 J731P your seven daughters Pay 116a(8); Ber
56a(20); ]»ru 3m .TOM Gi/ 45a(36); Sa6
65a(36); ATe/ 23a(45); ]*ffiO X1? ]'rU3 ]"HW |'n"TIX
are our teachings of the Torah worthy (and) our
daughters are unworthy (for you)? Qid 71b(7);
Bo 64:20; ib. 78:8; b. in PN's: sg.cs. 713 XD'i'rS
XrV^S Git 35a(48); S$Hai 13a(17); na "]inm
'3P1B 5o 5:1; i& 13:3; 24:1; 54:2 [and passim in
these texts]; 2. cs. in var. phrases: a. having the
ability, capable: sg. X'n 'OTW'X X13 a betrothable
woman Git 43a(43); ib. 78a(38); XfllTM rai tsn
XTI a courtyard which can be guarded BM
81b(34); X'n EHpB T\2~l nana an animal which
can become sanctified /Ira 5b(13); Tl'inx Xnn'X
'33 na another woman capable of having children
HG2 239:67; b. being of age: sg. W xrbl) na
three days old Git 67b(22) [of a fever]; X'J»n D3
W ^«an 57:24; xntt? n3 a year old So/ 43b (47);
p»<nXB m one hundred years old AZ 28b(25)
[of a tube]; Sab 152a(38); c. of a particular
place: sg. XTWB J13 X'nn a certain woman of GN
Ket 54a(31); Xlina m X^J the n.-measure of GN
Git 69a(42); d. having the property, being in
the category: sg. X'n X'ntPB TU noviX is a
betrothed woman in the category of drinking (the
potion of the sota)l Yev 58a(30); ib. 110a(44);
Ket 36b (9); X'n X31V1 n3 IX'n she is not obligated
[lit. in the category of obligation] Suk 42a(25);
BM 10b(33); ]ljn'D ra a woman entitled to
receive payment ib. 7b(26); Hul 81b(2); ib.
123b(14); Bek 12b(15); Ara 8b(10); Men
41a(31); e. having the length, capacity: sg. Xl"tt
pax "WS Va a ten-cubit long ax Ber 54b(27);
'TD '"in T13 Xffrn a basket with a capacity of two
kors Sab 35a(3); BB 90b(5); f. having the value:
XpJT na having the value of a danak Svu 37a(l 8);
Kar 22b(27); 3. cs. as first element of PN's [cf.
P names ending in -duxt Justi 492]: ma 3py 31
apjr mn Sab I03a(45); Wyav kh rra na Suk
46a(18); Xion 3T n3 Ket 65a(32)
Y: Nfflf Sab 156b(19; BAYTN 1).
- N3N ri3 n.f. paternal sister (4- 1#X3X; Sy
^arc' diT^> PSm 579) sg. ]'3] H'B'Xl '13X na ]'3
n'B'X n3 X*?l '13X [na whether a paternal and
maternal sister (or) whether a paternal sister and
not a maternal sister AnanSch 19:5; ib. 6
- NHN n? n.f. fraternal niece (4- xnx) sg. na
mnxVev 97b(9; O2)
Y: mnx rna Yev ib.
- Katn NnX na n.f. daughter of a fraternal
uncle (I xnx) sg. #P 147:9
- KnriN na n.f. sororal niece (4- xnnx) sg. na
XJX "J'nnx I am your sororal niece Yev 97b(6); 'XT
n»'n na ;
mna xnnx rab n'V a'on wk/x1? n1? xn'3 if his
wife wants him to marry her sororal niece
together with her Anan 106:4; ib. 105:25; 109:8;
12; 14
- XE'N na n.f. maternal sister (4- XB'X) sg. n3
n'a'X AnanSch 19:6
- SDK ma n.f.pl. myrtle berries (Sy ^1=
rdJo^ Pfl' 50, LS 94, MH2 Din nU3 PT Orla
60c[64]) HG1 95:47
Lit: Eps, Stl 250.
- N5HN n3 n.f. gout (lit. daughter of the earth;
4- XJHX) sg. Sab 65a(30) [expl. MH n'3'X M§ab
6:6]
Y: X!HN n? 5aft ib.
- NnT3 n3 n.f. channel (< Akk bintu, birtu
balk bet. fields and gardens CAD B 252) sg.
xm'3 n33 inrpOBT he divided them [i.e. the
water] into the channel Hul 106a(21); ib. 22; 28
Expl. Rashi: OV D'JIB OTKll IXp fnn; Y: XHT3 n? Hul
ib.(BAYTN 35).
- H12 na n.f. granddaughter (Sy r^-vra b\\^s
PSm 584) sg. 3'D3 xpn »3 n'1? mn mVa ns a'oa 'xi
n'"l3 n3 if he marries the daughter of his
daughter-in-law, it is as if he married his
granddaughter AnanSok 1:23
- Nn"ia n3 n.f. sororal granddaughter
(I i# xnns) sg. n'sax nsmx n'ms nib n'Vpa; he
took his granddaughter and placed her on his
shoulders Qid 81b(46); nn"13 n3 xn,!7',,7 DS^n
XnV? WTBo 12:6; ib. 13:5; 20:5; 58:11; 62:3
Y: Xrn? 71? Qid ib.
- Knt^W na n.f. small siphon (i xnitm) sg. AZ
72b(26); jfe 32
- '3n na n.f. one who is capable (I '3n "13, '3n)
sg. X'n 'Dn m nan3 XIX a decoy? Are cattle
capable (of bringing other animals)? San
25b(26); X'n 'Dn n3 IX1? n3 a daughter is not
capable of (carrying out) such a thing BB
110b(16)
Y: '35 Jia San ib.
- X»V na n.f. same day (i 'Kir 12; Sy h\\^p
rd±«oJ PSm 588) sg. xav na xnraj cheese
(made) on the same day Sab 134a(19); n3 XnwX
njji'S na
xaT a fever of the same day Sab 66b(37); San
47b(19); XTDX XBT nai J?'T J/Ta it is certainly
known that an egg (laid) on the same day is
prohibited Bes 4b(7); Yom 69b(30; MGG 130:3);
XBT n3 ns'3 by 3inD write on an egg (laid) on
the same day HM 45:22; HMGas 94:9; nw n3
AnanSch 7:3
Lit: TMW 1:275; Y: XDV ra 5ai ib.
- 'TNI!?' na, pi. ^N1&' n33 n.f. Jewish woman
(I Vxiitf' "13) sg. VXIW na SDJ'a1?! with regard to
marrying a Jewish woman HP 45:15; pi. ]X'nX '3
Vaua1? "7X"W n33 when Jewish women come to
immerse themselves BM 84a(30; MGG 826:13);
5er20a(23; MGG 826:10)
- Nian Kara n3 n.f. a bird (lit. daughter of a
wine pourer; I Xian XJ1B) sg. Hul 63a(l)
Y xisn xj?» na //«/ ib.
- NVja na n.f. destined woman (I xVta) sg. 'Xn
n'Via n3 rrb x'anna r,a3'' cxat this one also has
a woman destined for him Bek 8b (27)
Y: Nty? 713 Bek ib.
- Wa na n.f. one who belongs to the same
group or type (I XJ'», X3'» n3) sg. n3 a'OJT 'X
n3'a if (the Egyptian proselyte) married (a
woman) of the same group Yev 78a(2); ib.
45a(48); 110b(49); nra m xn3J'y a grape of the
same type AZ 28a(40)
- NS^a n3 n.f. princess (4- XD^B) sg. TO TOi
XD^a he married a princess BB 3b (46); Sot
12b(14)
- KT3 na n.f. portion of weaving apparatus
(4. i#xtj, 2#xmD) sg. xim xtj mi 'mn
X"XlD){'3)3 two (threads) in the weaving
apparatus and one in the pole Sab 105a(44)
[- Nn'aj/3 na 1 xn>nyi 12 n.]
- M'jr n3, NS'j; nS n.f. pupil of the eye, hole
in the millstone (4- 1# XJ'5?) 1. pupil of the eye:
sg. XJPy nB Bo 123:4; 2. hole in the millstone:
sg. MQ 10a(40) [w. ref. to expl. of MH ]T3D»
Mib. 1:9 as widening of the hole through which
the wheat flows; 4- Vnm af, mng. 1]; ib. 47
Y: KJ'X na MQ ib.(BAYTN 15).
- K57TX na, NTS n3 n.f. hair along the
249

KVp J13
250
npt^a
temple (4- XJH'X) sg. && 80b(22) [expl. MH
VdV-S Mib. 8:4(Bab.); v. infra]; ib. 25; BB
60b(42) [Var: NTS m Ar (AC 2:212), ace. to
Geon. resp.]
Geon. expl.: i»[» rn"»o r>n mye rfly^ip rwxEO kvtx <ro>
xin]w <ino to nx'aai xyrs u:a pmjmsV ,i:tik p oyio iai
inx ny^ip nrxi xyrx na [xipi xim] nyo lmx nx nno[i... van
Ci'jb um win rft'DB] x'jx TRN 619:5; pi inx mpa rrxn onoi
Xyi'X ra XIpJl Bin IM OHP Sab 39:26; Y: xyiX na BB ib.
- N^j? 03 n.f. voice, sound (4- wxbp; Sy b\\±
pdti LS 94, MH2 Vlp m J 200) sg. X*?p A3 xpBJ
rrV '1/3X1 a voice went out and said to him Ket
77b(29); BB 3b(39); /& 73b(30); San 96b(13);
/& 20; 5o 18:10
Lit: Lieb, Greek 294+; Y: X^j? 713 Ket 77b(29).
- man K'Jltf 713 n.m. a forbidden bird (lit.
t : - t : t - v
daughter of one who drinks wine) sg. Hul
62b (36)
Y: XIDn XVW> J13 Hul ib.
- KiTJI D3 n.f. hole (in a barrel) for
sniffing/smelling (4- XrTTI 13, XHTI) sg. AZ
66b(5)
Y: X,Tn ra AZ ib.(BAYTN 13).
2#Nri13, NDN13 n.m. juniper (Sy rc'ii'o-vja
LS 98, Akk burasu CAD B 326) sg. RH 23a(20)
// BB 80b(40) [expl. MH tt?113 ib.; Var: XT1X13
MGE 575:20]; X71X13 'JD'D xa' «pX on the
seashore there are branches of the juniper tree
Pes 4a(12; OHT ib. 3:6); X71X13X AZ 29a(14;
P'TGHark23:7)
Geon. expl.: VmxVx Jl"Bai Brian 1» X3 XVI XflKiax TGHark
23:7, i.e. JJjVl; OHP Pes 137:14; Lit: Low, Flora 3:33+; Y:
XflXia Pes 4a(12; BAYTN 41).
'iK;a 4- »itf adj.
Vfi/3 vb. to cook, roast, suppurate (4- x"72h3,
xVltf'3, "71&3S, X^'ttttrl; Sy Ay-, to boil, melt
LS 99, Ma VW3 to cook, boil, roast MD 71) Pe.,
pass.part. 1. cooked: ,11,1 H'3 "|'Bn» .TH Xs? 'XT
xnjra xiro "rcn xp xnwm 'yw 'mm bw if he
had not turned it over it would have been cooked
in two hours. Now it is cooked in one hour AZ
38a(35); Git 69a(43) [4- irTOJX]; ^>'»3 xVl b'ttn
partially cooked &Z> 18b(21); £>• 29a(l); San
70a(21); 2. roasted, baked: TS2? 'j'lW xVxaVl
lest (the flour) not be roasted well Pes 39b(41);
AZ 38a(33) // Men 57a(7) [4- V-]D,1 pa., mng. 1];
b'tM Xs?! ^'»3 partially baked TO^« 160:15
[expl. MH HI HSa Pes 37a(38)]; xV'tttt X1?! Xrffl'1
TSW bread that is not baked well HP 15:15
Pa. 1. to cook: Xri32;3 mip 'V ^'12?3 cook me a
potful (of food) on the Sabbath Yev 121b(50);
Bes 14a(13); Ber 37a(27); HP 15:9; pn ^V2
'msVo cook two lentils AW 66b(33); G//
69a(33); /4Z 76a(24); Hul 98b(4); '"71P31 X^'V
San 69a(10) [expl. BH ir Ex 21:14, w. ref. to in
Gen 25:29]; 'VllWl XD'B to bake and to cook 55
13b(26); Anan 71:13; TOVn HM X12T3T Xy3'1
''bwib 'y3 how much milk is required (to cook)
a quarter (of a /#/«) of meat? Hul 110a(9);
pass.part. 'SX Ol blP3'» 'D ... xmx rice when
cooked and when baked HP 191:13; 2. to boil:
y»n'» rr^> '^iwaix while they are boiling it, it
becomes leaven Pes 39b(35); pass.part. Xian
X^3a boiled wine AZ 30a(22) [cf. MH2 ]"
bBnaa AZ 29b(53)]; 3. to suppurate: 'blEtt1? Git
69a(37) [of a pustule]
Itpa. 1. to be cooked: .T3 xVcnnai xra'fc "73
n,!7 ■'tp ^3X1 Xnsn (the 7a«/ia) calls anything
in which bread can be cooked 'a cooked dish'
AW49a(l 9; V2); 2. to be boiled: b'tWXI aim
miD'X n'1? ypB because (the wine) was boiled its
prohibition was canceled AZ 29b(52)
Geon. expl.: JXXJX "7X OHT Git 155:22, i.e. jrUJl suppuration
[Pa., mng. 3]. The mng. of this rt. in X:X0 '^lWaV AZ 38a(30)
is unclear since the mng. of the object heated, the xrO'O [peg,
plowshare, etc.] and the material from which it is made [cf.
Rashi, RaH] cannot be determined.
NaVtfa i xaVtf
nj?S?3 vb. to recognize, claim (Ma 1ptt?3 to
search, recognize MD 71, LJLA "lptt?3 Weiss
94[Tg2Jb]) Quad. 1. to recognize: XJT^S p31
nnp»3 X^l 1,T13p l^n n'msxs he stuck a rag on
his forehead, passed in front of them, and they
did not recognize him Yev 120a(40; 02Ar [AC
2:208]) [Var: mjmSTWX M3Ar (ib., X"D)];
nnpK/3 H"in wyi mroonx he opened his eyes
wide, saw him, (and) recognized him Bek
36b(14; L1) [cf. Tos ad loc. and Ma 1Xptt?X31 Jim
MD ib.]; H'b ipitfSa X1?! (Abraham) does not
recognize him (since he hid his circumcision) Er
19a(33); 2. to claim: '■'VW X*7X np«/3» Xp x"7"JB
^3 251 iri3
'DD xyi 'Xn since he only claims fifty (of the one
hundred zuzim), this (claim) is severely worsened
5Ani6b(30;F'M)
Lit: Geig, AAC 109, rejects P etym.; Shaked, Elements 151,
suggests poss. P etym.; Ros, TI 9534.
$$3 n.m.abs. Syrian rue (Peganum harmala;
I X3PS, X-I3P; Sy t<l±^p LS 98, Asaf 155:49)
sg. W©3 "px p Tl'1? this (bread) does not need
Syrian rue (as a condiment) Ber 40a(15)
Lit: Low, Flora 3:509; Y: &V3 Ber ib.
-|(P3 vb. to proclaim (JPA TO3 DJPA 116) Pa.:
bx-\Wt7 X'33 in1? -«2?3&p 'XH what is the prophet
proclaiming to Israel? RH 4a(32)
nSflS*, pi. K»?I3, 'Nri3, n.m. layman (nwie-
form < 'ri3* [4- l#xn'3 pi.] Nold, MG 142; Ma
X"XriX3 X'1311 married men MD 51) pi. ]a TOO?
XinXT X'TIS ten of the laymen of the place Anan
113:16; ib. 20; 116:6; pVD 'XTO all of the
laymen TG^2« 76:3; TG^s27 33:13; 'XKJ IpOSI
pnT3 the laymen decided among themselves
TG//a/-A: 275:26; ib. 29; 31; 276:6; /5GF 111:2
Lit: B.M. Lewin, iSGIntr XXIII; I§G 111".
[KJllWa 4- X'3'3 n.]
n.f. virgin, woman who has not given
birth (TA Xfl^im TO Gen 24:16, Sy K'&Ae,^
LS 99) 1. virgin: sg. njDPa XT231 XDI?in3 XD'1?
there is no virgin who is less than seven [i.e. has
less than seven days of a marriage celebration]
Ket 7b(7); ib. 16b(43); XJlVlJU 'JV?S TO HTfibs
NN, daughter of NN2, the virgin SSHai 2a(4);
xi"?' x"?i xtanan xnVin3 xnirxi x"7p the voice
of a virgin woman who is in travail and does not
give birth Bo 15:9; pi. XnxVim na3 Yom 19b(52;
MGG 116:15); HP 41:4; 2. woman who has not
given birth [cf. MH mVim D'WJ MRS J 44:14;
nVim ^x-«r ra HG3 293:64]: sg. s'on x"?a-ixi
XflVira a widower who is married to a woman
who has not given birth HG2 501:26; pi. rpx *X1
xraim ••m iB?ya nsu m©y rrV if he has ten
firstborns from ten women who have not
(previously) given birth HG3 290:19; XJlVira '33
sons of women who have not (previously) given
birth Bo 78:10
Lit: N.Z. Hildesheimer, HG3 290'; Y: abvn BAYTN 179.
1T13 prep, after, behind, conj. after (1 Xira; TA
-ira* TO Gen 10:32, Sy i^-i LS 56, Ma nXDX3
MD 51) I. prep., w. suff.: lsg. 'Xira BQ 36b(22);
2m. lira AZ 10b(10); 3m. mra Er 27b(40);
lpl. XJnra SSHai 12a(2); 3m. pnra Dec 10:20;
IIT'-im Ket 67b(38);- 1. after: a. spatial: 'Dip"?
'Blp"? "ira gleaners after the gleaners 5A/21b(37)
[expl. MH rritfiaj MPea 8:1] // Ta« 6b(8); H'lHX
nnra X331? he closed the gate after him San
26a(57); W)Ta TQ1 it is written (in Scripture)
after it Pes 49a(45); Yom 38b(26); |umo X1?
xnran "ira Xin xriXSOa1? he did not recite the
tractates one after the other iSGF 32:4; b.
temporal: HTO.V 1X13 after the Sabbath Pes
106a(30) // Git 77a(20); XTVO TIT lOnn "im after
a full year AZ 34a(24); mn naVu;i IM 1713 nil'
Jonah was after David and Solomon 7bn 17a(10);
X"UJ1 ira X"lin (selling to) one dealer after
another BB 91a(9); XID'a 1T13T xp'T wind
following rain Tan 3b(32); XJ3T irm XWtl XiB't
a fixed time and a fixed time after (another) fixed
time BQ 113a(13); 3'TT XTiyWI xnyK; ^3 "im
after each and every time that he has a gonorrheic
discharge Anan 24:28; /& 39:3; 77:19; iSGF
61:3; rt. 77:15; 89:15; 'Xira 'XriT my heirs after
me SSHai 8b(2); c. in adverbial phrases: 'DH 'apa
'DH "ira IX beforehand or afterwards Sab
129b(30); Ket 69a(25); San 93a(4); Hul
lllb(39); p "IDS afterwards BB 40b(21); S$Sad
209:10; HM 42:10; 2. according to: im XJ'30
'SX3C? iri3 XD'31 XXip (the ownership of) a knife
is according to (where) the handle (lies), a money
bag is according to (where) the laces (lie) BM
26a(3); 3. w. var. vbs.: a. Vl#"?tX pe. to follow,
pursue [Sy iivia .A^ PSm 626]: 1) general:
V'TX nnxan im wrx wrx each person follows
his donkey [i.e. if the donkey belongs to a pagan,
the donkey driver is also assumed to be a pagan]
BM 32b(44); KTVny x"7TX X'jy "W3 poverty
follows a poor man BQ 92a(52) [+ //'s; 4- xm'jy];
'VlX X3iy ira they pursue the guarantor (first)
BB 173b(10); V'TX XS11 XE/'111131 XiX 'Xtn I saw
that the body follows the head [i.e. one should
follow one's predecessors] Er 41a(27); 2) in legal
contexts: 11311 im p,!?TX 'a JllttM T13 do we
follow the majority in capital cases? San 69a(28);

t : - - t
252
-inaV
- t :
xrra«n nm pan Vitx xrrap x*7i xn'32n xnb'a "?3
xVlp"? (in) any matter which is (both) frequent
and infrequent [i.e. it has a frequent and
infrequent use], the scholars followed the
frequent (one even) for leniency Sab 78a(9); Pes
26a(2); Yom 83a(17); Yev 117b(32); ina *?'!
11D3/K1i?'y!3 follow the original/final status Ket
52a(34); BQ 17b(48); Pes 7a(37); b. V'JIX pe. to
follow [Sy -\hy^= j^rc' PSm 626]: XJ11 ''JTia p13B?
'X"im forsake our Mishna and follow me [i.e. my
opinion] BQ 36b(22); Kar 19b(49); "pD Xp mn
■Tina X'TTI 'T1X1 (when she removed the garment
from the slit) the snake was adhering and
following it Sab 156b (25); c. Vp13 pa. to
investigate: 4- Vl#p13 pa., mng. 1; d. V3JI pe. to
steal from s.o.: 4- V3JA pe., mng. 1; e. V*HJ pe.,
pass.part. to be enticed: 4- Vmi pe., mng. 3; f.
V'yD pe. to go astray after s.o. else's beliefs:
4-V 'yD pe., mng. 4; g. V*]E?a itpe. to be attracted
to s.o.: 4- Vl# "]©a itpe., mng. 3; h. VpDJ pe. to go
out after s.o.: mm pSJ liul 7b(21); Ket 67b(38);
i. V]"y pa. to search: 4- V]"y pa., mng. 7; j. -Hf?
pe. to enter behind: XOiy "ITO irrt"y xVl lriX you
who do not enter behind the bier MQ 22a(10);
Ber 62a(14); k. V*]T1 pe. to pursue: [lapi =] laipl
.mm 1ST11 they set out and pursued him Bo
76:6; 1. VtJ.TI pe. to run: XX'nS x"?aA mm Dm a
licentious camel ran after him 5er 54a(38); Sab
30a(35); /fZ 18b(ll); #u/ 52b(40); m. V'Ttf to
place in a category: 4- Vl# HIP pe., mng. I.8d; n.
V"n© pa. to send for s.o. [4- "W3X usage b; Sy
■\b^D i:vx. PSm 626]: mm 'wiv TIE? he sent
a messenger for him Qid 66a(18); II. conj.: "im
HDWB mn X'yai after he asked it, he then
explained it Sab 23b(17); Qid 9b(3); San
I0a(i6); yan xp "?y3 xnx xmo xa'am nm after
the grandmother died, the husband came
claiming (the property) BB 125b(3); San
30b(ll); Hul 91b(16); Nid 36b(45); im pnv '1
'an '»X '"?xai after PN used to pray the tefilla, he
used to say so ... Ber 16b(46); "im ISOa"? X3'na
'01' Ttyyo X'3X"n (a menstruous woman) is
required to count seven days after she is clean
Anan 42:7; ib. 77:4; AnanSch 21:12; ISGF 19:17;
ib. 121:3
Y: "TO S«- 16b(43; BAYTN 336).
- Nri3t? "1713 n.m. Sunday (caique < MH TIX
TWBn MMegK 1:1, GeonH HR 64:15; 4- xmtf)
Krat? "im1? xmtt 'tyaai from Friday to Sunday
BQ 113a(24)
Y: XJiatf ina 5g ib.
- "WaT n.m. the following, next one (Sy
crndrJ/n'lCh 26:10, JPA nrm DJPA 139) a.
alone: mraTI n'lmil and the next one [i.e.
verse] and the next one HP 182:23; b. w. an
antecedent: XpO'S »n nnmT n' "\V?T\ the
following iT'l^bn. is (written at) the beginning of
a biblical section Pes 117a(52); yotfrl 'inx
nnrBI snat^l ,TapT it was beneficial for the
previous and following seven year periods Git
17b (20); pnnmi pan the scholars after them
I$GF7l:S
- ""irBN prep, behind, after (< 4- im + 'X; Ma
"ixnxax MD 2) a. w. vbs. of motion: 'PTX WSJ ra
ma isn1? mmx she died, (and) he followed her
to the cemetery Ber 18b(40); Git 45a(9); Qid
31b(28); XTina1? mmx xnx he followed him to
GN Ned 78a(29); '013 nnbn n'imx D,m he ran
after him three parasangs AZ 15b(50); Sab
106b(23); n'imx KJm'V .TSBp he jumped into
the Jordan behind him BM 84a(40; SM 146:25);
'XimX xm [J'TI'JTia -] ''JTttJ piae? forsake our
Mishna and follow me [i.e. my opinion] BQ
15b(48); Yom 87a(46); Men 37b(44); Bek
12a(33); //«/ 105b(26); b. w. other vbs.: 'JJ-|» Xp
n'imx they gossip about him Tan 5b(22); Yev
34b(30); pammx i?^vh xVi ma*n 'dm '3 so
that they should be occupied (with the burial) and
not inquire about you Sot 35a(25); 10'p ~\~W
n'imx 'Xaim X13U the emperor sent a troop of
soldiers after him AZ lla(2); BM 86a(10); Git
69b(13); 7ev27b(6)
Y: annax ay 45a(9).
— nn37 prep., conj. after (Sy i& A \ LS 56) I.
prep.: xnw 'flT 10'in im1? after a full year 7om
84a(14); Xiyiai X*?in im1? after the intermediate
days MQ 10b(35); #w/ 58b(l); Yev 121a(6); 5/tf
66b(7); 'DH im1? afterwards Aw 6b(50); San
67b(31); #P 114:21; Anan 26:25; II. conj.: 1) w.
pf.: firiST imV after he began to speak Sab
30b(36) [* m 'apa]; «|'T1X1 im1? after he
-man
253
Knna
borrowed (the money) Pes 30b(46); pS^T imV
after he went out BB 26b(2); £V 28a(33); Yev
37b(36); G/? 19b(54); £>W61b(20); BM83b(41);
AZ 58a(28); Men 93b(48); 2) w. imp.: nm1?
rryawm after he heard it 5a6 51a(15); im1?
'Vpw X1? ia:W@'Dns a'nn,VT after the protocol of
investigation is signed, they do not take (a bribe)
Git 28b(27); 3) w. part.: maa 'xa b>'3Xl nm1?!
what blessing does he make after he eats? Anan
18:24; rh WHJai imV after he divorces her ib.
106:14; 67:12
Y: Ira1? Sab 30b(36).
- nriap, "HIS \0 prep, after, behind (Sy ^x>
■\&Jz LS 56) 1. after: msn ym Iran 13TX 'XI
if he remembered after (the prayer) .msn yoVD
Ber 29b(l); X3H "ia p'^DT XDV 1H3S the day after
you immigrated here //«/ 57a(42); D^tP'a im )a
xnty after the completion of a year TGHark
155:2; 1'3H im p afterwards iSGF 59:5; rG^52S
32b: 13; 2. behind: piD ]'y'T TlTim ]a the
mountains shake behind him Bo 7:12
Nina, n*ona, f. srrnna, pi. 'Nina adj. last,
t:t tt:t' T:r;Tr -t:t j 7
latter, hind, n. last one, latter one, the Tractate
Bava Batra (4- im + gent, ending; Ma X'XiriX3
MD 51) I. adj. 1. last, latter, later: a. general:
sg.m. X1J13 mx the latter [i.e. intercalated] Adar
RH 6b(24); Xim xav the last day (of one's life)
Git 47a(ll); pl.m. 'X"im 'ilff'V the last phrases
Qid 6a(l; O2); 'Xim nXT later generations Sab
75b(4); 'Xnna in"mia their [i.e. the slaves'] last
owners Git 40a(43); 'Xim X'B the last water (for
washing the hands after a meal) Hul 105b(17)
[= MH2 D'innKOI) D'a Ber 46b(30)]; AZ 75a(8)
[used to rinse a vat]; b. * Xap former: sg.m.
X"ina xaW'V ... xap x:2?'V former/latter version
Pes 45a(39); Tan 30a(19); Git 46a(9); Bek
36b(8); Xim x