5-6/1996
ЖУРНАЛ ДЛЯ ИЗУЧАЮЩИХ АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК
(Content6
Издательство «ГЛОССА»
Главный редактор
И. Цветкова
Редакционная коллегия:
Т. Булановская М. Вайнштейн И. Клепальченко Э. Медведь Н. Мыльцева Е. Напалкова Л. Петрова В. Портников
Зав. редакцией
С. Асадчев
Редактор
Е. Харлашина
Художники
Е. Вакк Ф. Гриднев М. Митрофанов А. Сичкарь
Технический редактор
В. Ковалевский
Корректоры
Л Кудрявцева Е, Абрамова
Подготовка макета
И. Вакк
Адрес редакции:
Москва, Пскровский бульвар, 8 Тел.: 917-90-07, 158-48-90, 158-40-62
ISBN 5-7651-0007-4
Свидетельство о регистрации средства массовой информации № 013977 от 28.07.95 г.
Лицензия на издательскую деятельность ЛР № 070349 от 31.01.92 г. Подписной индекс 34290 в каталоге Федеральной службы почтовой связи
Российской Федерации, с. 64
Журнал отпечатан на шведской бумаге MoDo Envelope и Silver Blade компании “MoDo Paper Moscow”
ENGLISH-SPEAKING WORLD
Halloween.....................  2
Follow-Up Activities .......... 8
Thanksgiving.................. 10
FICTION
R. Dahl The Witches .......... 12
LANGUAGE CLUB	22
BUSINESS CLASS
Business Correspondence....... 25
ETIQUETTE
Taking Leave.................. 27
The Awful Fate of Melpomenus Jones .... 28
BOOK OF WISDOM ............... 30
HUMPTY DUMPTY................. 32
SCHOOL THEATRE
Pick a Pocket................. 36
WOMAN’S PAGE
Card Fortune Telling ......... 39
MOSCOW SILHOUETTES............. 40
NATURE
Ibis Wonderful /aiimal World.. 42
QUIZ
Supernatural Creatures........ 44
FOR ADVANCED READERS	46
A.M. Burrage Waxwork...........
SCHOOL-LEAVERS’ DEPARTMENT 54
CURIOSITY PAGE	59
Questions .....................
HUMOUR	60
ANSWERS ...................... 62
En^lish-Speaking' World
Halloween [ ’haelou'iin] (AU Hallows’ Eve) канун дня всех святых eve [i.v] канун saint [seint] святой belief [bi lit] вера поверье veil [veil] завеса partially [ pa foil] частично witch [witf] ведьма ghost [goust] привидение supernatural [ sjurpa naetjral] being сверхъестественное существо merrymaking [ men meikjg] веселье superstitious [,sju pestifes] суеверный spell заклинание fortuneteliing [ fo tjn tehg] гадание, предсказание будущего prank [prregkj проделка, шалость ancient [einjnl] древний the Celts [kelts] кельты, древние индоевропейские племена druid [ dru id) друид, жрец у древних кельтов
Samhain [satin 'sauin] Самайн, бог тьмы у кельтских народов to retreat [ritrkt] от ходить, отступать reign [rein] царствование, господство soul [soul] душа earthly [ e:Gh] земной goblin [ goblin] гоблин weird [wwd] причудливый, фантастический to honour [ эпэ] почитать, чтить evil [i vl] spirits злые духи huge [hju CI3] огромный bonfire ['bonfaie] костер hilltop [ hiltop] вершина холма to relate [n leit] рассказывать eery [lari] жуткий to play a trick сыграть шутку, напакостить
HALLOWEEN is a festival that takes place < October 31. Though it is not a public holiday is very dear to those who celebrate it, especia to children and teenagers. This day was origin ly called All Hallow’s Eve because it fell on tl eve of All Saints’ Day. The name was later sho ened to Halloween. According to old belie; Halloween is the time, when the veil between tl living and the dead is partially lifted, and witc es, ghosts and other supernatural beings ai about. Nov/ children celebrate Halloween i unusual costumes and masks. It is a festival < merrymaking, superstitious spells, fortunete ling, traditional games and pranks. Halloween a time for fun.
HISTORY
Few holidays tell us as much of the past z Halloween. Its origins date back to a time, whe people believed in devils, witches and ghost; Many Halloween customs are based on beliefs c the ancient Celts, who lived more than 2,00 years ago in what is now Great Britain, Ireland and northern France.
Every year the Celts celebrated the Druic festival of Samham, Lord of the Dead and Princ< of Darkness. It fell on October 31, the eve of th< druid new year. The date marked the end о summer, or the time when the sun retreatec before the powers of darkness and the reign о the Lord of Death began. The Sun god took par in the holiday and received (hanks for the year’; harvest.
The Celts believed that on this nighi Samhain allowed the souls of the dead to return to their earthly homes as witches, goblins, black cats, or in other weird forms. To honour the Sun god and to frighten away evil spirits, the Druids built huge bonfires on hilltops. They sat around the fires watching the bright flames and related eerie happenings they had experienced.
It was believed that evil spirits sometimes played tricks on October 31. They could also do
all kinds of damage to property. Some people tried to ward off the witches by painting magic signs on their barns. Others tried to frighten them away by nailing a piece of iron, such as a horseshoe, over the door.
The druids tried to appease the powers of darkness by sacrificing animals and possibly even human beings. During the celebration, people sometimes wore costumes made of animal heads and skins. They told fortunes about the coming year by examining the remains of the animals that had been sacrificed.
Many fears and superstitions grew up about this day. An old Scotch superstition was that witches — those who had sold their souls to the devil — left in their beds on Halloween night a stick made by magic to look like themselves. Then they would fly up the chimney and off through the sky on a broomstick, attended by a black cat. On this night all witches gathered to honour their master, the devil.
In Ireland, and some other parts of Great Britain, it was believed, that fairies spirited away young wives, whom they returned dazed and amnesic 366 days later.
When Halloween night fell, people in some places dressed up and tried to resemble the souls of the dead. They hoped that the ghosts would leave peacefully before midnight. They carried food to the edge of town or village and left it for the spirits.
In Wales, they believed that the devil appeared in the shape of a pig, a horse, or a dog. On that night, every person marked a stone and put it in a bonfire. If a person’s stone was missing the next morning, he or she would die within a year.
Much later, when Christianity came to Great Britain and Ireland, the Church wisely let the people keep their old feast. But it gave it a new association when in the 9th century a festival in honour of all saints (All Hallows) was fixed on November 1. In the 11th century November 2 became All Souls Day to honour the souls of the dead, par-
to do damage ['daenudj] портить; наносить ущерб property [ propoti] собственность, имущество to ward [wo.d] off защищаться от sign [sain] знак, символ barn [ba n] амбар to nail [neil] прибивать iron [ aian] железо horseshoe [zho:fju.] подкова to appease [q pi:z] успокаивать, умиротворять to sacrifice ['ssekrifa^s] приносить в жертву
remains [и meinz] останки superstition [sjupestijn] суеверие stick [stik] палка magic pmced3ik] волшебство, колдовство chimney [1]in ini] дымовая труба broomstick [ brirm stikj помело attended [a'tendid] в сопровождении fairy [fear;] фея; эльф to spirit away тайно унести, похитить dazed [deizd] в полубессознательном состоянии amnesic [aem ni zik] страдающий потерей памяти to resemble [n'zemhl] походить, иметь сходство edge [edjj край in the shape of a pig в облике свиньи to be missing ['misnj] отсутствовать Christianity [,kristi aeniti] христианство church [tja:tj] церковь wisely [ waizlj мудро feast [fi st] праздник, пир association
[azsousi eifn] ассоциация
при
ашн
иаз
HCOI
цазванны^^у
^\ow®\[p№ju:]
реэ] отыаяни умолять
прев в\шесть [ MJtJ КС эаквдек (
Ж ['sttod3l] жЬлЬ] паб, । P®J^acsJo@ [р< *	ййр@®|]|?
Ikspfcn
ь
юобенйэсти
ышЬ® миШ [to:t{] горя ifflamaOm® rflelmlrj] горящий
[8<о:] СОЛ Й(ЯЦ чЛкИ ие
['^pu:kl] < I призрачней
й ылающйй,

ticularly those who died during the year.
Christian tradition included the lightning of bonfires and carrying blazing torches all around the fields. In some places masses of flaming straw were flung into the air. When these ceremonies were over, everyone returned home to feast on the new crop of apples and nuts which are the traditional Halloween foods. On that night, people related their experiences with strange noises and spooky shadows and played traditional games.
When millions of Irish people immigrated to the United States in the 1840s, Halloween traditions came with them. Today, Halloween is celebrated with perhaps even more enthusiasm in the New World than was once in the Old World.
CUSTOMS AND TRADITIONS
Halloween customs today follow many of the ancient traditions, though their significance has long since disappeared.
Jack-о ’-lantern.
A favourite Halloween custom is to make a jack-o’-lantem. Children take out the middle of the pumpkin, cut holes for the eyes, nose and mouth in its side and, finally, they put a candle inside the pumpkin to scare their friends. The candle burning inside makes the orange face visible from far away on a dark night — and the pulp makes a delicious pumpkin-pie.
People in England and Ireland once carved out beets, potatoes, and turnips to make jack-o’-lanterns on Halloween. When the Scots and Irish came to the United States, they brought their customs with them. But they began to carve faces on pumpkins because they were more plentiful in autumn than turnips.
According to an Irish legend, jack-o’-lanterns were named for a man called Jack who was notorious for his drunkenness and being stingy. One evening at the local pub, the Devil appeared to take his soul. Clever Jack persuaded the Devil to “have one drink together before we go”. To pay for his drink the Devil turned himself into a sixpence. Jack immediately put it into his wallet. The Devil couldn’t escape from it because it had a catch in the form of a cross. Jack released the Devil only when the latter promised to leave him in peace for another year. Twelve months later, Jack played another practical joke on the Devil, letting him down from a tree only on the promise that he would never pursue him again. Finally, Jack’s body wore out. He could not enter heaven because he was a miser. He could not enter hell either, because he played jokes on the Devil. Jack was in despair. He begged the Devil for a live coal to light his way out of the dark. He put it into a turnip and, as the story goes, is still wandering around the earth with his lantern.
Trick-or-treating
Halloween is sometimes called Beggars’ Night or Tri-ck-or-Treat night. American children celebrate Beggars’ Night as Irish children did in the 1 7th century. 1’hey dress up as ghosts and witches and go into the streets to beg. They go from house to house and say: “Trick or treat!”, meaning Give me a treat or I’ll play a trick on you”. Some groups of ghosts” chant Beggars Night rhymes:
Trick or treat,
Smell our feet.
We want something
Good to eat.
They all hold bags open to catch the candy, fruit, or coins that the neighbours drop in. As they give each child a treat, the neighbours exclaim over the costumes and try to guess who is under the mask. Children usually get the treat, so they do not often have to play mischievous tricks.
Halloween pranks
Now most people do not believe in evil spirits. They know that evil spirits do not break steps, spill garbage or pull down fences. If property is damaged, they blame naughty boys and girls. Today, Halloween is still a bad night for the police.
_ erhaps the most common trick is soaping house and car windows. Children draw pictures or write on the windows with soap.
English” Speaking World
shop-window витрина elaborate [ilatberit] сложный; тщательно, детально подготовленный to steal (stole, stolen) воровать gate ворота, калитка turf [to f] дерн, торф
to escape [is keip] зд улетучиваться; просачиваться blame [bfcim] вина chaos ['keios] хаос
to originate [a rid^ineit] происходить the more shocking the better чем страшнее.тем лучше scary [skeorij страшный thimble ['Gimblj наперсток fateful [ feitfiil] соковой slice [slais] кусок; ломтик on the point of на острие to accept (ok sect] принимать, признавать favourable [ feivrobl] благоприятный divination [zdivi'neijn] гадание, предсказание будущего technique [tek<ni:kj метод, способ cardreading [ ka d/idig] гадание по картам palmistry [ pa mistri] хиромантия, гадание ио руке in addition to в дополнение gipsy ['djipsi] цыганка doorway [ duiweij вход в помещение
In big cities Halloween celebrations often include special decorating contests. Young people are invited to soap shop-windows, and they get prizes for the best soap-drawings.
In old times, practical jokes were even more elaborate. It was quite normal to steal gates, block house doors, and cover chimneys with turf so that smoke could not escape. Blame for the resulting chaos was naturally placed on the “spirits”.
Ghosts and Witches
Halloween originated as a celebration connected with evil spirits. That is why its symbols are ghosts, goblins, skeletons and witches flying on broomsticks with black cats. They are popular trick-or-treat costumes, and decorations for greeting cards and windows.
In the weeks before October 31, many people decorate windows of houses and schools with various Halloween symbols and set jack-o’-lanterns in the windows. Black and orange are the traditional Halloween colours.
On Halloween night teenagers enjoy costume dances at their schools, and the more shocking the costume the better! ' Ъе scariest, funniest and most original costumes always get special prizes.
Fo. •tunetelling
Certain fortunetelling methods began in Europe hundreds of years ago and became an important part of Halloween. For example, such objects as a coin, a ring, and a thimble were baked into a cake or other food. It was believed that the person who found the coin in the cake would become wealthy. The one who found the ring would marry soon, but the person who got the thimble would never get married.
It was believed, that if a girl went into her room at midnight on the fateful eve, sat down before her mirror, cut an apple into nine slices, and held each slice on the point of her knife before eating it, she might see in the mirror looking over her shoulder the face of her future husband and he would ask for the last slice.
In old times, the results of fortunetelling were accepted in all seriousness, and Halloween was thought to be the most favourable time for divinations concerning marriage, luck, health, and death.
Today, some people use such fortunetelling techniques as cardreading or palmistry in addition to the traditional Halloween methods. The best fortunes are those told by gipsies in church doorways.
Halloween parties
While some young people are out playing pranks, others are gathered for a party (though the party-goers very possibly think of some pranks on the way home).
At Halloween parties the guests wear every kind of costume. Some people dress up like supernatural creatures, others prefer historical or political figures. You can also meet pirates, princesses, Draculas, Cinderellas, or even Frankenstein’s monsters at a Halloween festival. They all play games, give clever plays and pageants based on the ancient customs, and feast on the ever-popular candied apples, popcorn, candy corn, and peanuts.
Traditional games
At Halloween parties children play traditional games. Many games date back to the harvest festivals of very ancient times. One of the most popular is called bobbing for apples. One child at a time has to get apples from a tub of water without using hands. How? By sinking his or her face into the water and biting die apple! Sometimes, die players try to eat apples which hang by a string from the ceiling. Of course they must not use their hands to catch or hold the apples!
Another game is pin-the-tail-on-the-donkey. One child is blindfolded and spun slowly so that he or she will become dizzy. Then the child must find a paper donkey hanging on the wall and try to pin a tail onto the back.
Fortunetelling games are also very popular. A young girl, for example, pares an apple so carefully that the peeling comes off in a long strip. She throws the peeling on the floor and hopes it will form the initials of the young man she will marry.
Ghost stories
No Halloween party is complete without at least one scary story. It helps to create an air of mystery. Usually one person talks in a low voice while everyone else crowds together on the floor or around a fire. But no one is really frightened. The stories only add to the fun.
creature ['kri:tje] существо
pirate ['patent] пират
princess Lprin ses] принцесса Dracula [ draekjute] Дракула Cinderella [smda rete] Золушка
Frankenstein [fraegkonstain]
Франкенштейн
pageant [paedjant] живая картина ever-popular [,eva'popjute] вечно популярный
candied [ kaendid] apples яблоки в сахаре или покрытые карамелью popcorn [ роркэ:п] воздушная кукуруза
candy corn кукуруза в сахаре peanut [ piznAt] земляной орех, арахг to bob for хватать ртом
tub [tAb] кадка, бочонок
to sink [sigk] (sank; sunk) топить; погружать
to bite [bait] (bit; bitten) кусать
string [strig] веревка
to pin прикалывать
donkey [ dogki] осел
to blindfold f/blaindfould] завязывать глаза
to spin (spun) крутить, кружить
to become dizzy [ dizi] почувсгвовап головокружение
to pare [рее] срезать кожуру, чистит peeling [zpi:lig] кожура
strip длинный узкий кусок
mystery [Tnistori] тайна;
таинственность
to crowd [kraud] together собиратьс to add [sed] добавлять; усиливать medicine [medsan] лекарства needy [ni:di] нуждающийся, бедный
Today, merrymaking, partying and trick-or-treating are not the only things that people enjoy doing on Halloween. It has become a good tradition to collect money to buy food and medicine for needy children around the world.
t>D€ out
: English»
, Speaking
i. World
FOLLOW-UP ACTIVITIES
1 • Are the following statements true or false? Put T or F in
the box by each one.___________________________
1.	Halloween is a public holiday celebrated on October 31.
2.	The source of the present-day Halloween celebration is probably the Celtic festival of Samhain.
3.	The Druid new year fell on October 31.
4.	People once believed that light and iron could protect them from evil spirits.
5.	According to popular belief, witches ride on broomsticks, attended by black cats.
6.	Today, Halloween is a much more important holiday in Great Britain than in the USA.
□ □
7.	Halloween pranks are no longer popular with children and
teenagers.
8.	The custom of telling ghost stories on Halloween comes
□ □
from the Druids.
9	. The jack-o’-lantern, one of the most typical of Halloween symbols, originated in the United States.
10.	Red and white are the traditional Halloween colours.
□ □
2. Complete the following chcun of words.
F in
T F □ □ □ a □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ DO
□ a □ a
1.	The English for “обычай”.
2.	The use of secret forces to control events and people, usually by calling on spirits, saying special words, performing special ceremonies.
3.	An animal that accompanied the witch to the place of her rendezvous with the Devil.
4.	One of the old practical jokes was to cover chimneys with so
that smoke could not escape.
5.	The practice of predicting future events.
6.	The spirit of a dead person.
7.	The English for “факел”.
8.	A typical jack-o’-lantern is a pumpkin with instead of eyes,
mouth and nose.
9.	Halloween is the time when evil are abroad.
10.	A traditional belief which is not based on reason or fact but on old ideas about luck, magic, etc.
11.	The dark part of each 24-hour period.
12.	A vegetable once used to make a jack-o’-lantern.
13.	An orange symbol of Halloween.
14.	Jack was for his drunkenness and being stingy.
15.	The Lord of the Dead and Prince of Darkness.
16.	Apples and are the traditional Halloween foods.
17.	The English for “сверхъестественный”.
18.	The powers of darkness are afraid of, that is why bonfires, candles, etc. are used as a means of protection against them.
19.	The ring meant that the person who found it would scon marry, the meant that he or she would never get married.
20.	The English for “канун”.
3.	Ten words from the story are in the grid — broken into parts. Find the correct parts and assemble them.  
0Я	w	GW		HAL
M	ЮК/	PUM	sic	IN
a	OM	er	PR	m
KN	UN	/М	TCH	ON
ip		ж	К	GH
L__________________________________
2.__________________________________
3.__________________________________
4.__________________________________
5.__________________________________
6.__________________________________
7.	_________________________________
8._________________________________
9.__________________________________
10.__________________________________
English-Speaking' W oirlld
THANKSGIV1NG
Thanksgiving [ Gaerjks givirj] Day День Благодарения family reunion [ri:'ju:njen] сбор всей семьи cranberry sauce ['kraenberi'so:s] клюквенный соус settler [setla] поселенец, колонист Plymouth [ plimoO] colony Плимутская колония, основанная в штате Массачусетс англичанами, прибывшими в 1620г. на корабле “Mayflower” из Плимута (Англия) essay [ esei] эссе, очерк to migrate [mai'greit] переселяться desperately [ desparitli] отчаянно to sustain [sss tein] поддерживать harsh [ha: [] суровый gratitude [ graetitju:d] благодарность to ensure [in fue] against уберечь от starvation [sta/veijn] голод, голодная смерть
Native Americans американские индейцы festivities [fes tivitiz] празднество; торжества original inhabitants [in habitants] исконные жители, индейцы squash [skwo[] тыква vital [vaitl] крайне необходимый; жизненный purpose [ pe:pes] цель to replace [ri pleis] заменять huge [hju:d3] огромный urban [a:ben] городской ...have little personal awareness [a'wcanis] ...почти не осознают significance [sig nifikans] значение to appreciate [a'prijieit] ценить bonds [bondz] узы
...my extended family has scattered ..моя большая семья разбросана
to evolve [i'volv] развивать blessing [ blesig] благословение; благо; счастье chef [Jef] повар feast [fi st] пир stuffed [stAft] фаршированный jelly [ d3eli] желе gravy [ greivi] подливка, соус particular [pa'tikjula] особый to stem происходить to initiate [i'nijieit] начинать, основывать branch [bra:ntj] линия, ветвь (родства} approximately [Q'proksimitli] приблизительно
mountain cabin [ kaebin] небольшой домик в горах
in turn в свою очередь former [xfo:me] бывший, прежний to be enrolled [in rould] быть принятым (в учебное заведение) to extend [iks tend] тянуться, простираться
romance [re maens] (любовный) роман anniversary [ aeni ve:s(e)n] годовщина
One day is there of the series Termed Thanksgiving day, Celebrated part at table, Part in memory.
E. Dickinson
Every year on the fourth Thursday in November, Americans celebrate a purely American holiday called Thanksgiving Day. This is a day for family reunions. American families meet for a special dinner, usually with turkey, cranberry sauce, pumpkin and pies. They give thanks to God tor the past year, and remember the first harvest of the first English settlers of the Plymouth co ony in 1621.
The following two essays written by American women wil- show how important this holiday is tor the United States, how Americans understand the meaning о this day, and how some people feel about the celebration of Thanksgiving.
Fhe Thanksgiving holiday in the United States of America began as a harvest celebration. The Europeans who migrated to America in the 1600 s worked desperately each simmer to gather', grow and hunt enough food to sustain them through the harsh New England winter. The first Thanksgiving celebration was organized to express joy and gratitude for a successful harvest that would ensure against starvation. Some of the settlers invited the Native Americans to О	J
the festivities, to express special thanks. After all, these original inhabitants had shown the Europeans how to cultivate corn and squash and other vital crops.
This original purpose and meaning of the Thanksgiving holiday has beer
replaced for the most part. Most Americans live in huge urban centers and have little personal awareness oj the significance of a plentiful harvest. Instead, we tend to appreciate Thanksgiving as a time to gather' to renew our family bonds.
Unfortunately, my extended family has scattered too jar for all of us to get together on Thanksgiving. We live at least one thousand miles away from our nearest relatives. As a result, my husband and three children and I have evolved a different I tradition to give thanks for the blessings of food and families. My husband Harry, who is a wonderfid chef creates a feast of traditional foods such as turkey stuffed with corn, cranberries in sauce and jelly, and potatoes with gravy.
Our particular way of celebrating Thanksgiving stems from the sign ificance this day had in initiating our own little branch of the family. You see, Harry and I first! met at a Thanksgiving dinner. We had attended the same high school in Maryland but didn Y happen to know each other because of our large class of approximately 600 students. We were in our first year in different colleges in Colorado. My grandmother^ who lived in Colorado, invited me to her mountain cabin for Thanksgiving dinner. I, in turn, invited a former high school boyfriend who was enrolled at the same school as Harry. Luckily for me, the chain of invitations extended to Harry. This was the I spark that started a romance leading to marriage several years later. In addition to our wedding anniversary (and we have now had 26 of them), we annually celebrate
series
Thanksgiving as the anniversary of our meeting.
Many people complain that Thanksgiving in America has become nothing more than an excuse to eat too much food and have a day off to initiate the Christmas shopping season. That may be true to some exten t. However, within the sphere of our home we still celebrate the spiritual aspects, the human bonding that enables us not only to survive but to thrive. We give thanks to God for the material plenty and the loving relationships with which we have been blessed.
'dnson
ate a purely у reunions. )erry sauce, member the
Dorothy Sky.
(Written during the flight from Ulan Ude to Moscow. The circle of loving relationships now extends around the world.)
how impor-meoning of
an as a har-i the 1600’s od to sustain g celebration I that would Americans to abitants had tai crops.
day has been nd have little I, we tend to
In schools in the United States of America, children learn about the First Thanksgiving and the Plymouth Pilgrims who celebrated at the end of their first year in the new land. After a difficult first winter when many of their group died, they planted crops with the help of local, friendly Indians. The seeds planted in that spring grew and flourished. There was a good crop to harvest, the leader of the Plymouth Colony of Pilgrims declared a holiday of several days of feasting and contests and games to celebrate the harvest and the survival of ] the colony. The Indians were invited to the celebration, partly to thank them for their help and partly to impress them with demonstrations of guns and shooting skills. Evidently it was not a time for praying.
Other settlements or colonies of Puritans (religious people who came to America to be free to worship as they wished) on other occasions celebrated with feasts together or declared special clays of prayer and thanksgiving. Over the years, however, the various people and, colonies came to celebrate with both prayers and feasts a holiday in autumn after the harvest. The habit finally became an official national holiday for all of the United States in the 1940’s when President ED. Roosevelt declared it so. The day set aside officially is the last Thursday in November. Before President Roosevelt’s
of us to get m our nearest ed a different Pand Harry, turkey stuffed
rifle ance this ту and I first in Maryland mmately 600 grandmother, riving dinner, he same school 1 his was the m addition to ually celebrate
declaration, the Governors of individual slates had usually made proclamations every year designating a day for the holiday of Thanksgiving.
In these days, the Thanksgiving holiday is usually celebrated as a time for gathering families together, of offering thanks for good things in life, for feasting on traditional foods, for sharing feasts and fellowship with those outside the immediate family, {especially if they lack family or are far from home) and watching on TV. American football games. The men can watch hours of football games until the different teams and contests become a blur of large and agile athletes in different colored uniforms knocking each other about, passing the ball from one player to another, dropping the ball and, scrambling to recover it, kicking the ball clown the field, to the opponents or trying to aim the kick so that the ball will pass between the upright poles oj the goal posts — all accompanied by the whistles and signals and electronically amplified pronouncements of the referees. The men watch too much football on T. V. The women are thankful when The Thanksgiving holiday and the weekend, are finished, ended, over, done... and. they have a rest from football on TV.
Then the women can watch programs they prefer. Often they prefer '"soap opera ” programs similar to SANTA BARBARA.
Helen Hanselmann
annually [ aenjuali] ежегодно to complain [kem'plein] жаловаться excuse [iks kju:z] оправдание; повод, предлог
to initiate [rnijieit] начинать to some extent [ikstent] до некоторой степени
within the sphere [sfio] of our home в нашей семье
spiritual (spiritual] духовный human bonding человеческие узы to enable [i neibl] давать возможность to survive [se'vaiv] выжить
to thrive [Graiv] процветать, преуспевать to bless благословлять; делать счастливым
Plymouth Pilgrims [pilgrimz] английские колонисты, основавшие Плимутскую колонию в Америке в 1620 г.
seeds [si.dz] семена
to flourish [ flArif] пышно расти to declare [di'klca] объявлять, провозглашать
feasting [fi.-stig] празднество; лир contest pkontest] соревнование, состязание
shooting ['Ju.tirj] стрельба skill мастерство; искусство evidently [ evidantli] очевидно, явно praying [ preiig] моление, молитва Puritans ppjuaritenz] пуритане to worship ['wa:Jip] молиться prayer [prce] молитва; богослужение F.D.Roosevelt [rouzavelt] Франклин Делано Рузвельт (1882-1945), 32-й президент США
to set aside отводить, предназначать Governor ['gAvne] губернатор proclamation [.prokle meijn] официальное объявление
to designate [dezigneit] определять, устанавливать
to share [Jco] делить(ся) fellowship [feloujip] дружеские взаимоотношения
the immediate family ближайшие родственники
if they lack family если у них нет семьи
blur [die:] пятно; что-л. неясное, расплывчатое
agile ['aed3ail] проворный, подвижный
to knock [пок] колотить; грубо обращаться
to scramble [ skraembl] устраивать свалку, драться, бороться
to recover [ri'kAve] получать обратно to kick ударять ногой, бить opponent [o'pounant] противник, соперник
to aim the kick направлять удар upright [ лр raitJ poles вертикальные столбы
goal post стойка ворот whistle ['wisl] свист electronically amplified ['aemplifaid] pronouncements усиленные электроникой объявления referee [jefa'ri:] судья
soap opera мыльная опера, сериал для домохозяек
similar [ simile] подобный
SEFak
THE WITCHES
Roald Dahl
Roald Dahl (1916—1990), a, popular British writer, author of adult horror stories and children ’s books which often combine frightening things with humour and usually have surprise endings.
Here are two extracts from The Witches, one of the most popular horror stories for children. Witches are planning to turn all the children of the world into white mice. But one ten-year-old boy and his grandmother know how to stop them...
A NOTE ABOUT WITCHES
In fairy-tales, witches always wear silly black hats and black cloaks, and they ride on broomsticks.
But this is not a fairy-tale. This is about REAL WITCHES.
he most important thing you should know about REAL WITCHES is this. Listen very carefully. Never forget what is coming next.
REAL WITCHES dress in ordinary clothes and look very much like ordinary women. They live in ordinary houses and they work in ORDINAR Y JOBS.
That is why they are so hard to catch.
A REAL WITCH hates children and spends all her time plotting to get rid of them in her particular territory. Her passion is to do away with them, one by one. It is all she thinks about the whole day long. Even if she is working as a cashier in a supermarket or typing letters for a businessman or driving round in a fancy car, her mind is always plotting and scheming and burning with murderous bloodthirsty thoughts.
«Which child.» she says to herself all day long, «exactly which child shall I choose for my next squelching?»
A REAL WITCH gets the same pleasure from squelching a child as you get from eating a plateful of strawberries and thick cream.
She reckons on doing away with one child a week. Anything less than that and she becomes grumpy.
One child a week is fifty-two a year.
Squish them and squelch them and make them disappear.
That is the motto of all witches.
ilt horror Ings with
ar horror en of the 'her know
murderous [ ms:drQs] убийственный, жестокий, кровожадный
bloodthirsty [zblAdz9a:sti]
кровожадный
to squelch [skweltj] уничтожить, растоптать, раздавить
plateful [ pleitful] полная тарелка
strawberry [stroiben] клубника
thick густой
cream сливки
to reckon [ rekn] on
рассчитывать на
grumpy ['дглтрл] сердитый, сварливый, раздражительный to squish [skwij] разг, раздавить, уничтожить
motto I motou] девиз
BGteak
5-6.1996
Very carefully a victim is chosen. Then the witch stalks the wretched child like a hunter stalking a little bird in the forest. She treads softly. She moves quietly. She gets closer and closer. Then at last, when everything is ready... phwisst!... and she swoops! Sparks fly. Oil boils. Rats howl. Skin shrivels. And the child disappears.
A witch, you must understand, does not knock children on the head or stick knives into them or shoot at them with a pistol. People who do those things get caught by the police.
A witch never gees caught. Don’t forget that she has magic in her fingers and devilry dancing in her blood. She can make stones jump about like frogs and she can make tongues of flame go flickering across the surface of the water.
These magic powers are very frightening.
Luckily, there are not a great number of REAL WITCHES in the world today. But there are still quite enough to make you nervous. In England, there are probably about one hundred of them altogether. Some countries have more, others have not quite so many. No country in the world is completely free from WITCHES.
A witch is always a woman.
On the other hand, a ghoul is always a male. So is a barghest. Both are dangerous. But neither of them is half as dangerous as a REAL WITCH.
I do not wish to speak badly about women. Most women are lovely. But the fact remains that all witches are women. There is no such thing as a male witch.
As far as children are concerned, a REAL WITCH is easily the most dangerous of all the living creatures on the earth. What makes her doubly dangerous is the fact that
victim [ viktim] жертва to stalk [sto:k] выслеживать wretched ['retfid] несчастный hunter [ hAnlQ] охотник to tread [ired] (trod; trodden, trod) ступать, шагать softly МЯГКО, ТИХО
phwisst! звукоподражательное слово, передающее звук, издаваемый готовящейся к атаке ведьмой to swoop [swu:p] налетать, бросаться (на жертву) spark [spa:к] искра
oil [oil] масло
to boil [boil] кипеть
to howl [haul] выть, завывать
to shrivel ['Jrivl] сморщиваться, съеживаться
to knock [nok] on the head ударить
по голове
to stick (stuck) втыкать, вонзать to shoot [Ju:t] (shot) стрелять mag’c [ msed^ik] колдовство, магия devilry ['devlri] коварство, злоба, бесовщина
tongues [lArjz] of flame языки пламени
to flicker [ flike] мерцать
surface ['sarfis] поверхность frightening [fraitnirj] страшный, ужасный
completely [kam pliitli] совершенно, полностью
luckily [lAkili] к счастью
male мужской, мужского пола; мужчина
On the other hand С другой стороны ghoul [gu:l] вурдалак, упырь, вампир (в восточном фольклоре) barghest ['ba:gist] фольк. злой дух
she doesn’t look dangerous. Even when you know all the secrets (you will hear about those in a minute), you can still never be quite sure whether it is a witch you are looking at or just a kind lady.
Kindly examine the picture opposite. Which lady is the witch? That is a difficult question, but it is one that every child must try to answer.
For all you know, a witch might be living next door to you right now.
Or she might be the woman with the bright eyes who sat opposite you on the bus this morning.
She might be the lady with the dazzling smile who offered you a sweet from a white paper bag in the street * before lunch.
She might even — and this will make you jump — she might even be your lovely school-teacher who is reading these words to you at this very moment. Look carefully at that teacher. Perhaps she is smiling at the absurdity of such a suggestion. Don’t let that put you off. It could be part of her cleverness.
I am not, of course, telling you for one second that your teacher actually is a witch. All I am saying is that she might be one. It is most unlikely. But — and here comes the big «but» — it is not impossible.
Oh, if only there were a way of telling for sure whether a woman was a witch or not, we could round them all up and put them in the meat-grinder. Unhappily, there is no such way. But there are a number of little signals you can look out for, little quirky habits that all witches have in common, and if you know about these, if you remember them always, then you might just possibly manage to escape from being squelched before you are very much older.
Oh, if only there were a way... Ax, если бы существовал способ... to round [raund] up согнать в одно место, произвести облаву meat-grinder [ mi.tgrainda] мясорубка to look out for высматривать quirky ['kwe.ki] зд. странный, необычный that all witches have in common зд. свойственные всем ведьмам to escape [is'keip] ускользать, спасаться to recognise ['rekagnaiz] узнавать
в образе собаки, предвещающий смерть или несчастье
the fact remains факт остается фактом As far as children are concerned
[kan sa:nd] Что касается детей creature [ kriitjа] существо, создание doubly [ dAbli] вдвойне
Kindly examine... Будьте добры (любезны), посмотрите внимательно...
For all you know, a witch might be living next door to you Как знать, возможно, ведьма живет с вами
по соседству
dazzling [ daezlirj] ослепительный to offer [ ofo] предлагать absurdity [ab'sa.diti] абсурдность, нелепость
suggestion [se d3estjn] предположение
Don’t let that put you off Это не должно сбить вас с толку actually [aektfuali] на самом деле she might be one = she might be a witch она могла бы быть ведьмой It is most unlikely Маловероятно
HOW TO RECOGNISE A WITCH
One evening, after my grandmother had given me my bath, she took me into the living-room and said:
«Tonight I’m going to tell you how to recognise a witch when you see one.»
«Can you always be sure?» J asked.
«No,» she said, «you can’t. And that’s the trouble. But you can make a guess if you try.»
«But how?»
«In the first place,» she said, «a REAL WITCH is certain always to be wearing gloves when you meet her.»
«Surely not always,» I said. «What about in the summer when it’s hot?»
«Even in the summer,» my grandmother said. «She has to. Do you want to know why?»
«Why?» I said.
«Because she doesn’t have finger-nails. Instead of finger-nails, she has thin curvy daws, like a cat, and she wears the gloves to hide them. Mind you, lots of very respectable women wear gloves, especially in winter, so this doesn’t help you very much.»
«Mamma used to wear gloves,» I said.
«Not in the house,» my grandmother said. «Witches wear gloves even in the house. They only take them off when they go to bed.»
«How do you know all this, Grandmamma?»
«Don’t interrupt,» she said. «Just listen carefully and try to take it all in. The second thing to remember is that a REAL WITCH is always bald.»
«Bald?» I said.
«Bald as a boiled egg,» my grandmother said.
And that’s the trouble
В этом-то и беда.
to make a guess [ges] догадаться
In the first place Во-первых
... is certain always to be wearing gloves ... наверняка всегда будет в перчатках
surely [ Juoli] наверняка, конечно She has to. й She has to wear gloves. Она вынуждена носить перчатки, finger-nail ["firjgoneii] ноготь (пальца) curvy [ka.vi] кривой, изогнутый, искривленный
claw [kb:] коготь to hide [hsid] прятать Mind you Заметь, что respectable [ris'pektebl] приличный, респектабельный, уважаемый ... used to wear gloves ... когда-то носила перчатки
to interrupt [jnteTApt] прерывать, перебивать
to take it all in понять суть (дела) bald [bo ld] лысый

I was shocked. There was something indecent about a bald woman. «Why are they bald, Grandmamma?»
«Don’t ask me why.» she said. «But you can take it from me that not a single hair grows on a witch’s head.»
«How horrid!»
«Disgusting,» my grandmother said. '
«If she’s bald, she’ll be easy to spot,» I said.
«Not at all,» my grandmother said. «А REAL WITCH always wears a wig to hide her baldness. She wears a first-class wig. And it is almost impossible to tell a really first-class wig from ordinary hair unless you give it a pull to see if it comes off.»
«Then that’s what I’ll have to do,» 1 said.
«Don’t be foolish,» my grandmother said. «You can’t pull at the hair of every lady you meet, even if she is wearing gloves. Just you try it and see what happens.»
«So that doesn’t help much either,» I said.
«None of these things is any good on its own,» my grandmother said. «It’s only when you put them all together that they begin to make a little sense. Mind you,» my grandmother went on, «these wigs cause a serious problem for witches.»
«What problem, Grandmamma?»
«They make the head itch most terribly,» she said.
«What other things must I look for to recognise a witch?» I asked.
«Look for the nose-holes,» my grandmother said. «Witches have slightly larger nose-holes than ordinary people. The rim of each nose-hole is pink and curvy, like the rim of a certain kind of seashell.»
«Why do they have such big nose-holes?» I asked.
«For smelling with,» my grandmother said. «А REAL
indecent [m'dksnt] неприличный, непристойный
you can take it from me поверь мне
на слово
disgusting [dis gAStig]
о гвратительный, омерзительный, противный
she’ll be easy to spot ее легко будет узнать (распознать)
wig [wig] парик
to tell smth from smth отличать,
установить разницу
unless [en les] если не, пока не,
разве только
to give a pull дернуть, потянуть
on its own само по себе
to make sense иметь (приобретать) смысл
to cause [ko:z] trouble причинять беспокойство
to itch чесаться, зудеть
nose-holes = nostrils ноздри slightly ["slaitli] слегка nm край
pink [pirjk] розовый
seashell [zsi:Jel] морская ракушка
Speak out
amazing [o meizirj] удивительный, изумительный
to smell out вынюхивать, выслеживать
pitch-black [ pitf blsek] черный как смоль, темный-претемный
The cleaner you are, the more smelly you аге... Чем ты чище, тем ты больше пахнешь
That can’t be true. He может быть! to give off издавать запах ghastly [ ga.stli] страшный, ужасный stench [stentf] вонь, смрад, дурной
WITCH has the most amazing powers of smell. She can actually smell out a child who is standing on the other side of the street on a pitch-black night.»
«She can’t smell me,» I said. «I’ve just had a bath.»
«Oh yes she can,» my grandmother said. «The cleaner you are, the more smelly you are to a witch.»
«That can’t be true,» I said.
«An absolutely clean child gives off the most ghastly stench to a witch,» my grandmother said. «The dirtier you are, the less you smell.»
«But that doesn’t make sense, Grandmamma.»
«Oh yes it docs,» my grandmother said. «It isn’t the dirt that the witch is smelling. It is you. The smell that drives a witch mad actually comes right out of your own skin.»
«Now wait a minute, Grandmamma...»
«Don’t interrupt,» she said. «The point is this. When you haven’t washed for a week and your skin is all covered over with dirt, it won’t be easy for a witch to smell you out.»
«I shall never have a bath again,» I said.
«Just don’t have one too often,» my grandmother said. «Once a month is quite enough for a sensible child.»
It was at moments like these that I loved my grandmother more than ever.
«Tell me what else to look for in a witch,» I said.
«The eyes,» my grandmother said. «Look carefully at the eyes, because the eyes of a REAL WITCH are different from yours and mine. Look in the middle of each eye where there is normally a little black dot. If she is a witch, the black dot will keep changing colour, and you will see fire and you will see ice dancing right in the very centre of the coloured dot. It will send shivers running all over your skin.»
ч

(
запах
The dirtier you are, the less you smell Чем ты грязнее, тем ты меньше пахнешь
to drive smb mad свести кого-л. с ума The point is this. Дело вот в чем.
Just don’t have one too often = Just don’t have a bath too often sensible [ senssbl] разумный, здраво м ыс ля щ и й
It was at moments like these that I...
Именно в такие минуты я ...
dot точка
will keep changing colour будет все время менять цвет
It will send shivers running all over your skin. У тебя мурашки пойдут по телу.
My grandmother leant back in her chair. She was smoking one of her foul black cigars. I squatted on the floor, looking up at her, fascinated.
She was not smiling. She looked deadly serious.
«Are there other things?» I asked her.
«Of course there are other things,» my grandmother said. «You don’t seem to understand that witches are not actually women at all. "hey look like women. They talk like women. And they are able to act like women. But in actual fact, they are totally different animals, hey are demons in human shape. 1 'hat is why they have claws and bald heads and queer noses and peculiar eyes, all of which they have to conceal as best they can from the rest of the world.»
«What else is different about them, Grandmamma?»
«The feet,» she said. «Witches never have toes.»
«No toes!» I cried. «Then what do they have?»
«They just have feet,» my grandmother said. «The feet have square ends with no toes on them at all.»
«Does that make it difficult to walk?» I asked.
«Not at all,» my grandmother said. «But it does give them a problem with their shoes. All ladies like to wear small rather pointed shoes, but a witch, whose feet are very wide and square at the ends, has the most awful job squeezing her feet into those neat little pointed shoes.»
«Why doesn’t she wear wide comfy shoes with square ends?» I asked.
«She dare not,» my grandmother said «Just as she hides her baldness with a wig, she must also hide her ugly witch’s feet by squeezing them into pretty shoes.»
«Isn’t that terribly uncomfortable?» I said.
«Extremely uncomfortable,» my grandmother said.
to lean (leant) back откинуться (назад) foul [iaul] отвратительный, противный, вонючий
to squat [skwot] сидеть на корточках fascinated [ faesineitd] завороженный, восхищенный, очарованный deadly serious абсолютно серьезный You don’t seem to understand Ты, кажется, не понимаешь in actual fact на самом деле totally [toiitali] совершенно, абсолютно
demons in human shape демоны в
усилий)
to squeeze [skwi:z] втискивать, впихивать
neat [ni:t] аккуратный; зд. изящный comfy разг, удобный (сокр. от comfortable)
She dare not Она не смеет
ugly ['лдН] безобразный, уродливый extremely [iks'tn:m!i] крайне, чрезвычайно
человеческом обличье queer [kwioj странный peculiar [pi'kju.lia] особенный, своеобразный; странный to conceal [kan'si:I] скрывать, прятать as best they can изо всех сил tec [ton] палец (ноги) pointed shoes остроносые туфли wide широкий square [skwee] квадратный a witch ... has the most awful job ведьма ... прихо/штся основательно потрудиться (стоит колоссальных
«But she has to put up with it.»
«If she’s wearing ordinary shoes, it won’t help me to 1 recognise her, will it, Grandmamma?»	I
«I’m afraid it won’t,» my grandmother said. «You will possibly see her limping very slightly, but only if you I watch closely.»
«Are those the only differences then, Grandmamma?»
«There’s one more,» my grandmother said. «Just one more.»
«What is it, Grandmamma?»	i
«Their spit is blue.»
«Blue!» I cried. «Not blue! Their spit can’t be Ыие\» И
«Blue as a bilberry,» she said.	i
«You don’t mean it, Grandmamma! Nobody can have blue spit!»
«Witches can,» she said.	I
«Is it like ink?» 1 asked.	I
«Exactly,» she said. «They even use it to write with.
They use those old-fashioned pens tnat have nibs and they I» simply lick the nib.»
«Can you notice the blue spit, Grandmamma? If a I* witch talks to me, will I be able to notice it?»
«Only if you look carefully,» my grandmother said.
«If you look very carefully you will probably see a • slight blueish tinge on her teeth. But it doesn’t show > much.»	I
«Will it show if she spits?» I asked.
«Witches never spit,» my grandmother said. «They | daren’t.»	L
I couldn’t believe that my grandmother would be lying to me. She went to church every morning of the I week and she said grace before every meal, and somebody
But she has to put up with it. Но ей приходится мириться с этим, to limp flimp] хромать, прихрамывать closely [ klous’i] внимательно spit слюна bilberry ['bilbari] черника
You don’t mean it. Ты шутишь!
(Ты это серьезно?)
ink [irjk] чернила
old-fashioned [ ould faefand] старомодный
to lick [lik] лизать, облизывать nib перо
2o
to notice ['mouth] замечать blueish ['blu:ij] голубоватый, синеватый
tinge [tind3] оттенок, налет, след Bui it doesn’t show much. Но он
не очень заметен.
io spit (spat) плевать
to go to church [tjo:tj] ходить в церковь
to say grace читать молитву {перед едой и после еды)
who did that would never tell lies. I was beginning to believe every word she spoke.
«So there you are,» my grandmother said. «That’s about all I can tell you. None of it is very helpful. You can still never be absolutely sure whether a woman is a witch or not just by looking at her. But if she is wearing the gloves, if she has the large nose-holes, the queer eyes and the hair that looks like a wig, and if she has a blueish tinge on her teeth — if she has all of these things, then you run like mad.»
«Grandmamma,» I said, «when you were a little girl, did you ever meet a witch?»
«Once,» my grandmother said. «Only once.»
«What happened?»
«I’m not going to tell you,» she said. «It will frighten you out off your skin and give you bad dreams.»
«Please tell me,» I begged.
«No,» she said. «Certain things are too horrible to talk about.»
«Does it have something to do with your missing thumb?» I asked.
Suddenly, her old wrinkled lips shut tight and the hand that held the cigar (which had no thumb on it) began to quiver very slightly.
I waited. She didn’t look at me. She didn’t speak. All of a sudden she had shut herself off completely. The conversation was finished.
«Goodnight, Grandmamma,» I said, rising from the floor and kissing her on the cheek.
She didn’t move. I crept oui of the room and went to my bedroom.
would never tell lies ни за что нс сотжет
So there you are. Вот и все.
(Вот как обстоят дела.)
to run like mad бежать как сумасшедший
will frighten you out off your skin до смерти тебя нащгаст dream [dri:m] сон to beg умолять
Does it have something to do with ...?
Это имеет какое-нибудь отношение к...?
missing недостающий
thumb [Олт] большой палец руки wrinkled [riijkld] морщинистый her lips shut tight [tait] ее губы плотно сомкнулись
to qwver [ kwiva] трепетать, дрожать мелкой дрожью
All of a sudden Вдруг
she had shut herself off она замолчала to creep (crept) ползти, красться
Sfifak
5-6.1996
BREAKFAST+LUNCH = BRUNCH
G
blend лингв, слово-гибрид, бленд novelty [novalti] новинка, новшество brunch бранч, плотный поздний завтрак (в выходной день; первый и второй завтрак вместе) boatel отель на берегу с причалами для лодок и катеров (по аналогии с мотелями) laundromat прачечная-автомат, в которой клиенты сами стирают белье а машинах, опустив монету в автомат Yarvard Йарвард, Йельский и Гарвардский университеты; привилегированные высшие учебные заведения (по аналогии с Оксбриджем)
Chunnel разг.тоннель под Ла-Маншем slimnastics гимнастика для стройности rockumentary документальная передача о музыке в стиле рок to broil жарить на открытом огне lithe [laid] гибкий, податливый slimy липкий, скользкий portmanteau [po.t maentou] складная дорожная сумка; лингв, слово-гибрид badge значок, эмблема lizard ящерица corkscrew [ ko:kskru:] штопор sundial [sAndaiol] солнечные часы
You probably know that new words in English can be made by combining part of one word with part of another. Such words art called blends. Here are some well-known examples, and a few novel ties from recent publications:
smoke + log = smog
breakfast + lunch = brunch
news -1- broadcast = newscast
motorist + hotel = motel
boat + hotel = boatel
laundry + automat = laundromat
Oxford + Cambridge = Oxbridge
Yale + Harvard ~ Yarvard
1
slim + gymnastics = slimnastics	on 1
rock Г documentary = rockumentary	r-ro
In Through the Looking Glass, and What Alice Found There, Lewflor Carroll makes Humpty Dumpty, a remarkable linguistic philosophefloti deal with the question of blends.	rm(-
“You seem very clever at explaining words, Sir,” said Alice.	ligl
“Would you kindly tell me the meaning of the poem callecain ’Jabberwocky”?”	pn
“Let’s hear it,” said Humpty Dumpty, “I can explain all the poem* that ever were invented — and a srood many that haven’t been invent ed just yet.	Л
This sounded very hopeful, so Alice repeated the first verse:
“Twas brillig, and the slithy toves
Did gyre and gimble in the wabe:
All mimsy were the borogroves,
And the mome raths ourgrabe. ’
That’s enough to begin with,” Humpty Dumpty interrupted “there are plenty of hard words there. "Brillig" means four o’clock in ' the afternoon — the time when you begin broiling things for dinner.’
“That’ll do very well,” said Alice: “and "slithy"?”	s
“Well, "slithy" means "lithe and slimy." "Lithe" is the sameajeti active." You see it’s like a portmanteau — there are two meaning . - »
” Alice remarked thoughtfully: “and what an
ГЬе
сс
с
Ct
ft
packed up into one word.
I see it now "toves"?”...
“Well, "toves" are something like badges — they’re somethijgot like lizards — and they are something like corkscrews.”
“They must be very curious-looking creatures.”
“They are that,” said Humpty Dumpty: “also they make their ne?1111 under sundials — also they live on cheese.”	J
BLENDS
Humpty Dumpty was a brilliant linguist. Can you explain the following blends?
UNCH
be made by h words are a few novel-
f) sitcom g) heliport h) telebook
a) magalog
b) advertorial = c) informercial = d) guesstimate =
little has an emotional element and conveys
fondness or sympathy:
What a nice little garden!
I’d like to have a little house of my own.
PRONUNCIATION CLASS
Here are 16 male names. Can you read them correctly?
(answers on page 62)
WHICH FLOOR DO YOU LIVE ON?
' There, Lewis philosopher,
joem called
all the poems i been invent-
In American English, the ground level of a building is the first floor, and those above it are the second, third, etc. In British English the ground level is traditionally the ground floor, with the first, second, etc. above it Some high buildings in Britain, however, are beginning to adopt the American system of numbering.
st verse:
WHICH OF THE TWO?
interrupted: o’clock in
5 for dinner.”
s the same as two meanings
and what are
re something
Fast or Quick?
These two frequently-used words are not completely interchangeable.
Fast refers to speed of movement or action:
a fast train, a fast car, a fast runner
Quick relates to the lengh of time an event or action takes;
a quick glance, a quick reply, a quick meal, a quick decision
Small or Little?
Both adjectives can describe the size of some-
ake their nests
Small is the neutral, general-purpose word, but
Abraham Anthony Basil David Douglas Gilbert Graham Howard
Isaac Jacob Jerome Leo Rodger Sean Stephen Thomas
(answers on page 62)
FUN WITH "CHALLENGED"
In our last issue you probably read the article Watch your language. It was about politically correct English — softer and less offensive ways of saying things.
To convey a personal problem in a more positive light, the suffix "challenged" has been designed. Blind people, or those who cannot see well may become "the visually challenged".
Can you match the words on the left to their politically correct synonyms on the right?
1)	ugly
2)	old
3)	fat
4)	unfunny
5)	dirty
6)	stupid
7)	dead
8)	criminal
9)	unable
to spell
a)	humorously challenged
b)	intellectually challenged
c)	morally challenged
d)	horizontally challenged
e)	chronologically challenged
f)	metabolically challenged
g)	orthographically challenged
h)	hygienically challenged
i)	aesthetically challenged
(answers on page 62)
Speak Out 5-6.1996
OPPOSITES
The opposites of many words in English are formed by the addition of various Latin prefixes: attractive	—	unattractive
advantage	—	disadvantage
polite	—	impolite
correct	—	incorrect
understand — misunderstand
Can you give the opposite of the following words?
pleasant _________
honest ___________
sane _____________
patient __________
legal ____________
friendly _________
convenient 
logical ______________
to dress _____________
to pronounce
regular ______________
personal _____________
(answers on page 62)
A FORGETFUL TOURIST
In this story the par agraphs are given in the wrong order. Find the right order.
(a)	Then he went to the hotel, left the luggage there and went for a walk. As it was his first visit to the English capital, he was very much interested to see the museums and the sights of this beautiful city.
(b)	Suddenly he remembered the telegram which he had sent to his wife on his arrival. She knew his address and could help him.
(c)	Once a tourist arrived in London. When he got off the train, he asked the porter to show him the way to the nearest post-office. He sent a telegram to his wife, informing her that he had arrived safely and giving her the address of the hotel he intended to stay.
(d)	So at a late hour his wife received this extraordinary telegram: Please send me my address at once."
(e)	He strolled about a bit, had dinner at a small restaurant and looked at the shops.
When he felt tired and wanted to turn his stej back to the hotel he suddenly realized that 1 didn’t remember its name or even what street was in.
(answers on page t
FABULOUS CREATURES
Here are 6 fabulous creatures. All of the are only half human. For example, mermai are half human and half fish.
Match the pictures with the words in ti box below.
triton harpy mermaid siren sphinx cent
(answers on pa£

Bus: ines: Clas
turn his steps dized that he what street it
isu'm on page 62)
The Form of a Business Letter
>. All of them de, mermaids words in the
(i)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
[ FOREVER YOUNG Ltd,
•	12 Riverside Street, Westbourne, Bedfordshire, UB23 12BC
! Telephone: 0191- 522 4258 Fax: 0191- 522 4259
[ The Sales Manager
! HEALTH & CARE
Manufacturing Company
|	65 Baker Road
I Rotterburgh
! Your ref.:
’ Our ref: JL/MB
]	18 September, 1996
Dear Sir,
We have seen your advertisement in the Daily Post and are
I interested in anti-age creams, body lotions, and shampoos of all kinds. We would like to sell your products in our country. Please send us your catalogues and price lists. Will you please also state your earliest delivery date, your terms of payment, ' and discounts for regular purchases.
We look forward to hearing from you.
(7)
(8)
Yours faithfully,

John Lewis
Import Manager
jhinx centaur
"answers on page 62)
(1)	The letterhead. Companies use printed letterheads with the company’s name, address, fax and telephone number. If the company has a logo, it is also printed on the letterhead. If the name of the company does not indicate the type of business it is engaged in, this is usually
printed under the company s name. The following common abbreviations are used in the names of companies: Co. (Company), Ltd. (Limited Liability Company), PLC (Public Limited Company), Inc. (Incorporated used in the USA).
(2)	The inside address consists of the name and address of the person and/or company the letter is being sent to. When you know the name of the person you are writing to, this must be written first. If you don’t know the name, the person’s position should be written (' he Manager, The Sales Director, etc.). This is followed by the name of the company, then — in a separate line — the number of the building and the name of the street, then — again in a separate line — the city and the postcode, and in the last line the name of the country. Note that in English a person’s name will be preceded by Mr, Miss, Mrs or sometimes Ms (if you don’t know if she is married or not). If the person has a doctor’s degree, you write Dr instead of Mr.	|
(3)	References. You will often find after the inside address a space for references followed by a group of numbers or letters. The letters mean that the letter was written by John Lewis, and typed by somebodylcm whose initials are M.B. Your ref refers to the letter which is being1 с лс answered.
(4)	The date. The best way to write a date in English is this: 3rd February, 1996 ;the day, the month followed by a comma, and the year). Other forms are: 3 February, 1996; 3 Feb. 1996; 3.2.1996; 3.2.96; orsho 3/2/96. In America people often write the month first: February 3, 1996 or 2/3/96. To avoid confusion, it is better to write the name of the month in words. For computer use the date is written this way: 19960203. Я
(5)	The salutation is written in the left-hand margin and is never У indented. It is followed by a comma in British English and by a colon (:) in American English. The most usual forms are: Dear Sir, (when you bye don’t know the person’s name), Dear Sirs, (when you write to a compa-thir ny), Dear Madam, (when you write to a woman whose name you don’t know). If you know the name of the person, you have to use it in the salutation (Dear Mister Parker,). In America Gentlemen', is used when you don’t know the name of the person you are writing to.	Lal
(6)	The body of the letter can be either indented or in the block form I (as in our example). In the indented form each paragraph begins about five spaces from the margin. In the block form the paragraphs begin at the left-hand margin. A space is usually left between paragraphs.
(7)	The complimentary closing. If you begin the letter with the name of the person, you finish it Yours sincerely, or Sincerely, (followed by a comma). If no name was used in the salutation, the closing is Уоип faithfully,. In America, Yours truly, Very truly yours, are used, but Sincerely, or Sincerely yours, are also used.	[Л
(8)	The signature. The letter concludes with the signature. Under il you can type the name again and the position (beginning with capital letters). Note that in English business letters no stamp is used.	cis<
Etiauette
in abbreviate!. (Limited ncorporated,
)f the person the name of [f you don’t he Manager, he company, the name of he postcode, nglish a per-s Ms (if you tor’s degree,
Iress a space . The letters >y somebody ich is being
I is this: 3rd nd the year). 6; 3.2.96; or uary 3, 1996 of the month 60203.
and is never эу a colon (:)
(when you : to a compa-ne you don’t use it in the is used when
le block form begins about iphs begin at aphs.
vith the name bllowed by a sing is Yours ire used, but
lure. Under it ith capital let-
TAKING LEAVE
J	Very often it is difficult to know how to stop a conversa-
Я tion and leave a party. Usually people do not quit talking, say good-bye and leave each other abruptly. It is quite normal to say some time before you leave that you are going to do so: ув /№
/	Гт afraid I must be going now.
f	I must be off, I’m afraid.
jj/ /	Must be going, Гт afraid.
I	Г really have to go now, If s getting late. Good-bye.
I	I’m afraid I can’t stay any longer. Good-bye and thank you.
I	Here are some more phrases that can be said when leaving
but they arc mostly used by people who know each other well:
Cheerio! (strictly British usage)
Sec you! (this seems to be the most popular phrase of the moment)
So long! (mainly American)
Sec you later! (tomorrow/this week)
There are some people with whom it is difficult to end a conversation. The problem is that they usually ignore the signals that end the conversation. So when you are ready to leave a party, you should stand up at a pause in the conversation and say:
Well, I’m afraid I have to be going. (I’ve got to get up early tomorrow.)
I think I’d better go now or I’ll be late for my appointment (class/ the dentist, etc.) If you’ll excuse me, I really should be off now.
If you bid good-bye to a new acquaintance, either a man or a woman, you should shake hands and say:
Good-bye. Гт very glad (so glad) to have met you.
Good-bye. It’s been a pleasure to meet you.
Good-bye. I’ve enjoyed meeting you.
Taking leave of a group of strangers — whether you have been introduced or not — you should nod and smile good-bye to those who are looking at you, but do not try to attract the attention of others who are unaware that you are leaving.
If you want to leave a large party early, you should find your host and say goodbye without attracting more attention than necessary to your going. Others might think of leaving too, and the party would break up.
To show your hosts that you want to sec them again, you may say:
It’s been nice meeting you.
Hope to see you again soon.
We had a lovely time.
It was a lovely party.
It is also common to ask your friends to remind you to someone else:
Say hello to Jack for me.
Please, remember me to your sister.
Give my love to Bob.
Give my kind regards to Sandra.
The person addressed usually answers:
Thank you, I certainly will.
If it is a good-bye for a long time, you may say:
I’m really going to miss you.
If you arc ever in..., do come and see me — you’ve got my address.
Don’t forget to give me a ring!
Remember to drop me a line!
Take care!
Keep in touch!
Shaking hands on departure is not as common in English-speaking countries as elsewhere.
Books on Etiquette
The first known guide courteous behaviour was writt< by Ptah-hotcp, a government of cial in ancient Egypt. His woi The Instruction of Ptah-hotep, dat from about 2400 BC.
One of the earliest Europe etiquette books, A Treatise Courtesy, was written by Tomn sino da Cerclaria. This bo appeared about 1200 AD. In t early 1500’s, an Italian writ named Baldassare Castiglio wrote The Book of the Courti Castiglione’s book was written 1 people who belonged to t upper classes. A popular book the 1600’s was Youths Behavii written by an Englishman, Fran Hawkins. Many of the ru described in these books still ap today.
Another important figure the history of etiquette was t fourth Earl of Chesterfield British politician who wrote lett to his son to teach him mann and wordly wisdom. Chesterfiel letters were published in 17 and they became widely read.
The first established etiqw guide in the ETSA was Etiqu (1922), written by Emily Post. I work continues today in bo< written by her granddaughter law, Elizabeth Post. Anotl famous author in the field of quette is Amy Vanderbilt, v. wrote Complete Book on Etiquette.
Speak out
Eticruetite
I
FOLLOW-UP
This is a story by the Canadian author S.Leacock about a young man calk Melpomenus Jones who got into trouble, because he couldn’t say good-bye.
THS AWFUL FATS OF MELPOMENUS JONES

1. Read the first part of the story below and then answer the questions. | j
Some people — not you nor I, because we are so awfully self-possesseu — but some people, find great difficulty in saying good-bye when making, call or spending the evening. As the moment draws near when the visits feels that it is time to go away he rises and says, “Well, I think I...” Then th people say, “Oh, must you go now? Surely it’s early yet!” and a pitiful struggl follows.
I think the saddest case of this kind of thing that I ever knew was that my poor friend Melpomenus Jones, a curate — such a dear young man, ann| only twenty-three! He simply couldn’t get away from people. He was to modest to tell a lie, and too religious to wish to appear rude. Now it hap pened that he went to call on some friends of his on the very first afternoon of his summer vacation. The next six weeks were entirely his own -absolutely nothing to do. He chattered awhile, drank two cups of tea, therc rose and said suddenly:
“Well, I think I...”	a
But the lady of the house said, “Oh, no! Mr Jones, can’t you really stay^ little longer?”	I
Jones was always truthful. “Oh, yes,” he said, “ of course, I - er - can stay.\ “Then please don’t go.”	t
He stayed. He drank eleven cups of tea. Night was falling. He rose again3 “Well now,” he said shyly, “I think I really...”	i
“You must go?” said the lady politely. “I thought perhaps you could hay, stayed to dinner...”	|
“Oh well, so I could, you know,” Jones said, “if...”	.
“Then please stay, I’m sure my husband will be delighted.”	J
“All right,” he said feebly, “I’ll stay,” and he sank back into his chair, jul full of tea, and miserable.
Papa came home. They had dinner. All through the meal Jones sat plar. ning to leave at eight-th’rty. All the family wondered whether Mr Jones wd stupid and sulky, or only stupid.
1.	What was Melpomenus Jones’s problem?
2.	When did Melpomenus Jones call on his friends?
3.	How did Jones try to take his leave? What did he say?
4.	The hostess was a polite lady, wasn’t she? What did she say when her guest decided to take his leave?
5.	Why do you think Melpomenus Jones decided to stay to dinner? What did the lady of the house say?
6.	What kind of person do you think Jones was? What did the hosts think of him?
7.	All through the meal ones sat planning to leave at eight-thirty When do you think he will actually take leave?
man called id-bye.

a)	at 8.30 pm
b)	at 11.30 pm
c)	after breakfast next day
d)	on the last day of his vacation
e)	never
8.	What would you do and say if you found yourself in a similar situation?
juestions.
If-possessed n making a the visitor Then the
2.	Read the next part of the story and decide if the following statements are true or false, according to the text.
a)	By eight-thirty Jones examined all the family museum.
b)	The hosts were so fond of J ones that they wouldn’t let him go.
c)	Jones was happy when the host offered to charge him for his board.
was that of g man, and He was too 4ow it hap-it afternoon his own — of tea, then
- can stay.”
rose again.
i could have
lis chair, just
After dinner mamma undertook to ‘ draw him out,” and showed him photographs. By eight-thirty Jones had examined seventy-one photos from the family museum. There were about sixty-nine more that he hadn’t. Jones rose.
“I must say good night now?’ he pleaded.
“Say good night!” they said, “why it’s only half-past eight! Have you anything to do?”
“Nothing ' he admitted, and muttered something about staying six weeks, and then laughed miserably.
So papa said that he must stay, and incited him to a pipe and a chat. Papa had the pipe and gave Jones the chat, and still he stayed. Every moment he meant to take leave, but couldn’t. Then papa began to get very tired of Jones, and finally said, with 'ocular irony, that ones had better stay the night, they could give him a “shake down”. Jones mistook his meaning and thanked him with tears in his eyes, and papa put Jones to bed in the spare room and cursed him heartedly.
After breakfast next day, papa went off to his work in the City, and left Jones playing with the baby, broken-hearted. When papa came home in the evening he was surprised to find Jones still there, and said he thought he’d have to charge him for his board. The unhappy young man stared wildly for a moment, then wrung papa’s hand, paid him a month’s board in advance, and broke down and sobbed like a child.
/о/ О f t о
0
nes sat planar Jones was
3.	“After dinner mamma undertook to "draw him out..." and papa said that he “...could give him “a shake-down”. Jones mistook his meaning..." Look at the meanings offered by dictionaries for “to draw smb. out” and “shake-down” and discuss how they fit the context.
shake-down
to draw smb. out 1. to make someone feel more willing to speak freely or openly
2. to cause to leave
1. an act of getting money dishonestly, esp. by threats
2. a place prepared as a bed
e
4. Can you predict what happened next? You will find the end of this story on page 63.
hirty.
о

Book OIF Wisdom
The Big Secret of Dealing with People (After D. Carnegie)
What do you want? Not many things, but the few thing that you do wish, you crave with an insistence that wil not be denied. Almost every normal adult wants:
1.	Health and preservation of life.
2.	Food.
3.	Sleep.
4.	Money and the things money will buy.	I
5.	Life in the hereafter.
6.	Sexual gratification.	1
7.	The well-being of our children.	I
8.	A feeling of importance.
Almost all these wants are gratified — all except one. Bn there is one longing almost as deep, almost as imperious, as th desire for food or sleep which is seldom gratified. It is what D. Sigmund Freud calls “the desire to be great”. It is what Dewey -America’s most profound philosopher — calls the “desire to b important”.
The desire for a feeling of importance is one of the chief di. languishing differences between mankind and the animals. I
It was this desire for a feeling of importance that led an unec ucated, poverty-stricken grocery clerk to study some law books th< he found in the bottom of a barrel of household plunder that b had bought for fifty cents. You have probably heard of this grocer clerk. His name was Lincoln.
It was this desire for a feeling of importance that inspire Dickens to write his important novels. This desire inspired Si Christopher Wren to design his symphonies in stone. This desir made Rockefeller amass millions that he never spent! And th; same desire made the richest man in your town build a house fc too large for his requirements.	1
)f )le
few things e that will its:
; one. But >us, as the s what Dr Dewey — [sire to be
i chief dis-
5.
1 an uned-books that [er that he his grocery
it inspired ispired Sir This desire ! And this i house far
This desire makes you want to wear the latest styles, drive the latest car, and talk about your brilliant children.
It is this desire which lures many boys into becoming gangsters and gunmen.
History sparkles with amusing examples of famous people struggling for a feeling of importance. Even George Washington wanted to be called “His Mightiness, the President of the United States”; and Columbus pleaded for the title, “Admiral of the Ocean and Viceroy of India”. Catherine the Great refused to open letters that were not addressed to “Her Imperial Majesty”.
Some authorities declare that people may actually go insane in order to find, in the dreamland of insanity, the feeling of importance that has been denied them in the harsh world of reality.
If some people are so hungry for a feeling of importance that they actually go insane to get it, imagine what miracles you and I can achieve by giving people honest appreciation of this side of insanity.
Sincere appreciation was one of the secrets of Rockefeller’s success in handling men. For example, when one of his partners, Edward T. Bedford, lost the firm a million dollars by a bad buy in South America, he might have criticized; but he knew Bedford had done his best — and the incident was closed. So Rockefeller found something to praise; he congratulated Bedford because he had been able to save sixty per cent of the money he had invested. “That’s splendid,” said Rockefeller. “We don’t always do as well as that upstairs. ”
Some readers are saying right now as they read these lines: “Old stuff! Soft soap! Flattery'. I’ve tried that stuff. It doesn’t work — not with intelligent people.”
Of course, flattery seldom works with discerning people. It is shallow, selfish, and insincere. It ought to fail and it usually does. True, some people are so hungry, so thirsty, for appreciation that they will swallow anything, just as a starving man will eat grass and fish worms.
In the long run, flattery will do you more harm than good. Flattery is counterfeit, and like counterfeit money, it will eventually get you into trouble if you try to pass it.
The difference between appreciation and flattery? That is simple. One is sincere and the other insincere. One comes from the heart out; the other from the teeth out. One is unselfish; the other selfish. One is universally admired; the other is universally condemned.
Let’s stop thinking of our accomplishments, our wants. Let’s try to figure out the other man’s good points. Then forget flattery. Give honest, sincere appreciation. Be hearty in your approbation and lavish in your praise, and the people will cherish your words and treasure them and repeat them over a lifetime — repeat them years after you have forgotten them.
/
> . /
Youhg Christopher Chameleon was very, very small; /	_	'
A scant three inches, pose to tail, and less thap one inch tall. > f Now all chameleon children who dp as they are told,
Must learn to match their background, and are never, never bold.
But Christopher Chameleon in a most contrary way, Refused to change,his colour and just stayed pink all day. “It makes me tired,” said Christopher, ’ “to change and change and change. My head starts'getting dizzy, and my stomach feels quite strange.” His patents scowled an,d scolded. ' They said, “This will not Цо.
You’ve got jto matth your background, ' no matter what the hue.”	'
But Christopher Qiameleon1 just yawned and said, “I think z I’ll take a nap on' this' green leaf,”t and stayed the same bright pink. The rest of the chaiheleons matched places where they lay.' 1 But drowsing little Christopher ( । stood out as plain as day.	/
And so, ’a bigzcrdw sitting on a nearby maple tree	> •
Saw something bright upon a leaf
Christopher [ kri^tafa] Кристофер contrary [kanlrcari] упрямый, капризный phameleon [ke'miiljep] хамелеон scant fskaent] едва ' inch [intf] дюйм (около' 3 сантиметров) 1 to match [nqaetj] соответствовать background [ baekgraund] фон x bold [bouldj храбрый; дерзкий in a most contrary way упрямо z to refuse [ri'fju:i] отказываться
My head starts getting dizzy [ dizi] > У йеня начинает'Кружиться голова
my stomach [ stAmak] feels quite strange в животе у меня стр'анные ощущения х
to scowl Дзкаифхмуриться 1 to sdold [skould] бранить; ругать
no matter what the hue [hju:] независимо от цвета to yawn [jam] зевать
( to take a nap вздремнуть drowsing ['drauzig] дремлющий to stand out выделяться
) as plain as a day совершенно ясно (отчетливо)	,
and swooped down"close to sed. Christopher felt a shadow \	'
l^locfdng'Out the sun
And opened one bright eye and knew the time had come to run!
Beneath the leaf he darted, ' as last as he could go, And then he clung there hoping ' that he had losf the crow.
crow [krou] flapped off форона замахала крыльями и улетела nearby [niebai] соседний, близкий
х maple-f'meipl] клен
to swoop [swu p] down
устремляться вниз 4
...felt a shadow [ faedou] blocking
out the sun ...почувствовал, ка^к тень закрыла солнце, beneath [bi hi:©] под	л
<to dart [da:t] броситься, метнул ься to cling [khij] (clung)'цепляться; держаться _
to-spot заметить .
to croak [krouk] каркать
lizard [Ifeod] ящерица
to flap махать, хлопать (крыльями) \ to peek [p;:k] out выглядывать safe [seif] чбезопасно -
to climb [klaim] карабкаться; влезать ...turned quite green стал совсем зеленым
/ 4Г В
“I’m sure 1 spotted something,” 1 croaked the, crow from quite nearby.
“It looked like a pink lizard 4 from up there in tlie sky.” _ z “That crow saw me,” thought Christophe “from way up in the air.' >	1
He did hot see the others, • ' \ but he knew that I was there.x The crow flapped off, and Christopher ' peeked out, and when he’d seen ? That it was safe, climbed on hiy leaf and quickly turned quite green. 1
"J	/	t
Harriette H. Miller
/ /
SEteak
/	5-6:1996
Humpty 	, RIDDLES ADOUT <
Dumpty < LETTERS A ND WORDS 	,
' \ ! , '
1/ If it begins with a C, you can eat it, if it begins with an L, you can swim there.	>
2.	If started with an H, ifs on the head, if with a C it’,s an1 animal.	—. t 4
3.	With an M it’s what is afraid of cats, with an 1 it’s the place where you live.
4.	With an S it is where you can swirq, with a T it’s a drink.	'	z ,
5.	What makes a toad brohd?	\
6.	What is the Ipngest word in English? ,	,
7.	In which word are there ten letters T?	- -	'	4
8.	What is the word, the first two letters of which stand for a man, the first three for-
,	I	1	/ J
a woman, the first four for a brave man and the whole for.a brave won^an?	- \
*	,	i 1	4	'	<	'
___________.___________1_______________Z--------C.-----------7--2—A_-------------------------
(этомуому - му эу) этому -g ]u;y у sj.aiyq )sty ay) -puv pay эц) иээтру <угш v st эму)
, gsnwaq ‘ sajtwg., у q мцэ( ayi -q vai ‘ms у asnoy ‘asndm '£ рй ‘ivy '^\3yV[ ‘эуаэ у :sMmsuy)
to bet держать пари
I	_	-
“Do you know what Tommy was doing this mtoming?”
“No, what?” ,
“He was standing in front of the mirror with his dyes closed
so he could see what he looks like when he’s asleep.” -	X	'	‘	ч	'
v	"	-X
“I bet I can jnake you say ‘black.’”
‘/I bet you can’t.” '	.
“What’s the colour of the American flag?”
“Red, white, and blue.” ,
----, ,-------------- ( y
Seeyl told you I cpuld make you say ‘.blue.’” No, yop said I’d say ‘black.
‘You just did."
There were two skunks -
When In was out, ,
One day Out was in and In was out. '
' Their: mother, who was in with Out,
• wanted In in. ' “Bring In in,”
• she said'to Out. So Out went' out and brought In in. “Нолу did you find him so fast?” she asked. " ) “Instinct,” he said.
skunk [skAgk] скунс
to be out выйти, не быть дома
5»
t to be in быть дома
)
*
/
and !\шг
' \ Kate and Jim walked to the park, And on the corner they met Clark. Clark then walked with Kate and Jim, And soon they stopped fo take a swim.
‘ z
While at the f>obl, thhy all asked Mark To go with them to the park,' Mark said, surfe, he’d love to go, He’d even bring his byst friend Joe.
z	. I	-	'
I	'	1
They all then went to buy some candy, ' And Katd saw Mayy, Sue and Andy, > Who said they’d like to play some ball
If they could pleasO bring Gail and Paul. ‘
Tach one agreed, and off they went, And soon thej met their good friend Kent. But Kent said no, he Wouldn’t go	/
For he was going to show. * — -
Soon they all got to the park, But it was getting very dark, And Clark and Jim and Sue and Joe 'Decided it was time to go. ~	4
I / r
ho they went home, and all |he rest Talked it over and thought it best To choose two teams and"play some ball > Until they couldn’t see at all. z ‘	\
Soon it was time to start' the game, But first the teams each chose a name. One was “HIT”, the other\“RUN” - । Now - how many wcTe on each one?
\	T^.I A '	.
Dina Anastasio
('иьпэу. грт)э uo sjLdto[4 ddJiifl мэсп <wyj :лжп.$иу) " '	I	ч v "
hit and run детская игра в мяч, . похожая на бейсбол
corner [ ko.no] угол to take a swim поплаватц, искупаться	у
pool [pu:l] бассейн sure [Jue] зд. конечно	'
candy [ kaendi] леденцы; амер. конфеты	,
to agree [ocfri:] соглашаться ’ off they went и они отправились в дуть	/
all the rest все остальные team [ti m] команда	।
l	<

CHARACTERS: Story-teller
Oliver Twist
Fagin, master thief
Artful Dodger, thief
Boys, Fagin's "useful friends'
SETTING:
A dirty room in the attic of a half-ruined house. (The room is full of dirty and shaggy boys, dressed in ragged clothes. They are smoking pipes, playing cards, drinking and quarrelling. There is a long table in the middle and some berths near the wall. Across the room opposite the table there is a clothes line with a lot of handkerchiefs on it. A Union Jack is hanging over the door.)
Story-teller: In 19th-century Britain people were not allowed to beg. If they couldn't earn enough money for living they were placed in workhouses, homes for paupers and orphans. That was how Oliver got into one. The work was hard, the food awful, but even that was not enough. When Oliver dared to ask for more porridge, he was considered a dangerous troublemaker and was literally sold to an undertaker. Nobody loved him there either, so he ran away to London to "make his fortune". The first person he met upon arrival was Artful Dodger, one of the best graduates of Fagin's school which trained pickpockets. London at that time was a place where terrible slums were inhabited by thieves, prostitutes, murderers and other scum. Fagin was their friend and associate, buying stolen goods, providing a place to sleep at. So Oliver meets Fagin...
Artful Dodger (pulling Oliver by the hand): Hey, Fagin. I brought a new friend to see you, Oliver Twist.
Oliver: Sir! (bows)
Fagin (shakes hands): I hope I shall have the honour of your intimate acquaintance. We are very glad to see you, aren't we, my dears?
Boys: Yes, we are. Obey suddenly see Oliver's bunch of clothes and run to get whatever each can. Oliver runs to fight for his property.)
Oliver: Give me back my clothes! Leave them! Leave them!
Fagin (authoritatively): Leave him alone! (The boys reluctantly return Oliver's things.) That's better! (To Artful Dodger) Dodger, get the sausages! (To one of the boys) Charley, lay a place at the table for Mr Twist! (Artful Dodger and some of the boys leave for a moment to get the sausages and plates. Oliver sits on a bench with his back to the table, clutching his bunch of clothes. Fagin stoops so that their faces are at the same level.)
Oliver: Sir?
Fagin: Dodger tells me you have come to London to seek your fortune, Oliver?
Oliver: Yes, Sir.
Fagin: Well, we must see what we can do to help you, mustn't we?
Oliver: Oh, thank you, Sir.
One of the boys: These sausages are moulding!
Fagin (rudely): Shut up and drink your tea! (To Oliver, ingratiatingly) You are staring at the pocket handkerchiefs, aren't you, my dear? We've just hung them up ready for the wash, that's al I. (1 he boys laugh.)
Oliver: Is this a laundry then, Sir?
37
Boys (giggling): Yes, that's right, a laundry!
Fagin: Not exactly, my boy. I suppose a laundry would be a very nice thing indeed. But our line of business pays a little better. You see, Oliver...(Fagin starts to sing.)
In this life one thing counts:
In the bank large amounts!
I'm afraid these don't grow on trees,
You've got to pick a pocket or two.
Boys (singing in chorus and shaking fingers at Oliver, to stress the importance of the statement):
You've got to pick a pocket or two, Boys, you've got to pick a pocket or two!
Large amounts don't grow on trees, You've got to pick a pocket or two.
Fagin: Let's show him how to do it, my dears. Just a game, Oliver, just a game. (Fagin puts on
watch, a wallet, handkerchiefs, etc. and puts them in different pockets. Dodger tries to take something and gets slapped on the hand. Fagin then starts walking to the music, mimicking a dandy, showing off, swinging his cane as if walking in the street. The boys imitate a street scene - walking, looking around, etc. Fagin starts to sing.)
Why should we break our backs, Stupidly paying tax?
Better get some untaxed income:
Better pick a pocket or two.
(The boys surround him, trying to pick his pockets. He more or less avoids them, until he drops his cane. When he is getting it back, his pocket is picked. One of the boys steals his handkerchief.)
Boys (singing in chorus):
You've got to pick a pocket or two,
Boys, you've got to pick a pocket or two!
Why should we all break our backs?
Better pick a pocket or two.
Fagin (sings):
Robin Hood, what a crook!
Gave away what he took.
Charity's fine, subscribe to mine, Get out and pick a pocket or two.
(One of the boys politely hands Fagin something - and steals his watch.)
Boys (singing in chorus):
You've got to pick a pocket or two, Boys, you've got to pick a pocket or two! Robin Hood was far too good, Get out and pick a pocket or two.
Fagin (sings):
When I see someone rich, Both my thumbs start to itch. Only to find some peace of mind, I have to pick a pocket or two!
(Fagin pretends to be an old man. One of the boys steps on his foot, the other gives him a push under a knee, so as if by accident Fagin falls. Two of the boys help him to get up and pretend to be dusting him - and one steals a wallet.)
Boys (singing in chorus):
You've got to pick a pocket or two, Boys, you've got to pick a pocket or two! Just to find some peace of mind, We have to pick a pocket or two!
(Oliver giggles. The boys shake fingers at Oliver again and show him their trophies.)
Fagin: Put them all back in the box! (A sigh of disappointment escapes from the boys. Then Fagin notices something missing.) - All of them! (Oliver laughs.)
PICK A POCKET OR TWO
Текст и музыка Л,Б ар та Переложение Э.Медведъ
2.
Why should we break our backs, Stupidly paying tax?
Better get some untaxed income: Better pick a pocket or two.
CHORUS
You've got to pick a pocket or two, Boys, you've got to pick a pocket or two! Why should we all break our backs?
Better pick a pocket or two.
3.
Robin Hood, what a crook!
Gave away what he took,
Chanty's fine, subscribe to mine, Get out and pick a pocket or two.
CHORUS...
Robin Hood was far too good, Get out and pick a pocket or two.
4.
Take a tip from Bill Sikes: He can whip what he likes, I recall he started small, He had to pick a pocket or two.
CHORUS...
We can be like old Bill Sikes, If we pick a pocket or two.
3.
When I see someone rich, Both my thumbs start to itch.
Only to find some peace of mind, I have to pick a pocket or two!
CHORUS...
Just to find some peace of mind, We have to pick a pocket or two!
Woman’s Pag'e
39
Here is one way of telling someone's fortune with a pack of cards.
Use a pack of 32 cards. If only you have an ordinary pack, remove the cards numbered 2-6. Shuffle well and cut with the left hand into 2 heaps (of equal or unequal size).
Put the top card of each pile to one side. These cards are called the Surprise.
Put the remaining cards into 1 pile and deal into 3 heaps of 10 cards each. These represent the past (left hand heap), the present (center) and the future (right-hand heap).
Spread the 10 cards of the first heap in a row from left to right. Read off the meanings of the cards using the list given below. Some of the meanings will need interpreting!
Repeat the same process for the pile representing the present. Repeat the same process for the pile representing the future. Finally, consult the Surprise to see what unexpected event is going to influence your life and fortunes.
N.B. A reversed card is a card that is upside down. If you cannot tell this from your pack of cards because the printing is very regular you may have to mark one end with a pinprick or a dot.
V HEART VALUES
* CLUB VALUES
Ace: Good news, a house, a love letter; reversed, disappointment, removal, or a friendly visit
King: Kind-hearted, loving man of fair complexion; reversed, an uncertain, inconstant lover
Queen: A generous loving woman, fair; reversed, crossed in love and capricious
Jack: A pleasure-loving bachelor, a friend or lover; reversed, a lover with a grievance
Ten: Good fortune and happiness; reversed, changes, a birth
Nine: Success, the wish card; reversed, passing troubles
Eight: Love, invitations, thoughts of marriage; reversed, un-reciprocated affection, jealousy
Seven: Contentment and favours; reversed, boredom and jealousy
I DIAMOND VALUES
Ace: Marriage offer, ring, bank notes; reversed, demand for debt, bad news
King: Fair or grey-haired man, widower; reversed, treachery and deceit
Queen: Fair woman, widow, a gossip; reversed, untrustworthy, a flirt
Jack: An official, a messenger; reversed, mischief-maker
Ton: Journey or removal, finance; reversed, misfortune
Nine: Anxiety, news; reversed, danger, family quarrels
Eight: Amorous, short journey; reversed, affections ignored
Seven: Child, unfriendly criticism; reversed, scandal, minor successes
Ace: Good luck, papers or letters bringing in money, or good news; reversed, ill news, delayed letter
King: A dark man, friendly and stra:ght; reversed, worries and slight troubles
Queen: Dark woman, affectionate; reversed, undependable, perplexities
Jack: Athlete, clever, good lover; reversed, luck may change
Ten: Ease and prosperity, journey, luck; reversed, sea voyage, estrangement
Nine: Legacy; reversed, obstacles
Eight: The love of a dark man or woman, joy and good luck in consequence; reversed, documents causing trouble, litigation
Seven: Success with money; reversed, financial worries and losses
A SPADE VALUES
Ace: Satisfaction in love, high building; reversed, soon death, disappointments
King: Widower, untrustworthy lawyer; reversed, a dangerous enemy, impending evil
Queen: Widow, faithful friend; reversed, intrigue, treacherous woman
Jack: Doctor or barrister, bad mannered; reversed, deceiriul, traitor
Ten: Long journey, grief; reversed, slight sickness
Nine: Failure, financial or domestic; reversed, death of dear friend
Eight: Impending illness, sorrow; reversed, rejected attention, evil living, quarrels
Seven: A change for the- worse, a resolution; reversed, accidents or losses
Moscow
Silhouettes
MOSCOW WA
One of the most beautiful cities of the world is going to celebrate its 850th birthday. Moscow is dear to millions of Russians. So why not walk along the streets of Moscow with Speak Out and listen to the ancient stones whispering their mysterious tales... ?
ancient [ einjant] древнии fortified ['fo.lifaid] укрепленный ensemble [a:n'sa.mbl] ансамбль masterpiece [ ma:stapi:s] шедевр architecture [ aikitektfa] архитектура
red-brick из красного кирпича reinforced [/i:in fo:st] укрепленный
My Goodness! воскл. Господи! Боже мой!
tower [ taua] башня majestic [ma djestik] величественный
unique [ju:Tii:k] уникальный, единственный в своем роде appearance [a piarans] внешний вид
imposing^im'pouzirj] внушительный
reign [rein] власть; царствование mysterious [mis tiarias] таинственный
well колодец siege [si: 63] осада chimes [tjaimz] куранты Saviour [ seivja] Спаситель architect [ a.kitakt] архитектор, зодчий
the outside world внешний мир holy ['houli] священный icon [ aikon] икона tsar [za:, tsa:] царь
emperor [ empra] император ambassador [sem'baesada] посол to bare [bea] обнажать
to dismount ['dis'maunt] спешиваться
Trinity [ triniti] троица to resemble [rizembl] походить, иметь сходство layer [ leia] слой
... which used to run ...которая когда-то протекала tube [tju:b] труба epoch [ i:pak] эпоха worldly ['wa:ldli] мирской spiritual ['spiritual] духовный church [tfa:tjr] церковь cathedral [kaGi:dral] собор Metropolitan [ metra politn] метрополит или архиепископ residence [ rezidans] резиденция
Moscow like Rome wasn’t built in a day. Its history begins with the Kremlin, an ancient fortified settlement built on Borovitsky Hill beside the Moskva river. It will always remain the historical centre of the capital, its heart and site of both living history and an ensemble of masterpieces of Russian architecture.
The first thing that meets the eye is the red-brick walls of the Kremlin reinforced by... My Goodness! How many towers are there?
If you go round the Kremlin 2,25 kilometres counting these majestic, unique in appearance and imposing in size constructions, you will get the answer — there are twenty. Give reign to your imagination and they will tell you their mysterious stories.
The Tainitsky (Secret) Tower is the oldest. Inside the Tower which was built in 1485, there was a secret well to get water from the Moskva river during long sieges.
The melodious chimes of the Spassky (Saviour’s) Tower are well-known all over the world. It has become the symbol of Moscow. Built in 1491 by the Italian architect Pietro Antonio Solari, it still links the Kremlin with the outside world with its ceremonial gates. They were considered holy because of the icon of the Saviour which hung over the gate on Red Square side and everybody, even the tsars, emperors and foreign ambassadors had to bare their heads and dismount horses as they passed through.
The tallest tower is the Troitskaya (Trinity) Tower which is 80 metres high. This tower is one
of the most beautiful ones. It was built by Italian engineers and architects at the end of the 15th century. They were the best architects in Europe at that time. Its name is connected with the Trinity Monastery which once stood inside the Kremlin. To get to it, it is necesary to pass through the Kutafya Tower. Its unusual name comes from the word “kutatsya” — to put on too much clothes. In old days, it resembled women who wore layer upon layer of clothes to keep warm in frosty Russian winters.
Trinity Bridge tells us about the river which used to run in the place many years ago. The Neglinaya river fell into the Moskva river, so the Kremlin was protected from the two sides. It was not until the 19th century that the Neglinaya river was hidden in a tube under the ground and Alexandrovsky Garden was laid out in its place.
The Tower of Sts Constantine and Helen is noted for being the gate through which Dimitry of the Don (Ivan Kalita’s grandson) led his army to the Battle of Kulikovo in 1380.
Each epoch made its contribution to the construction of the Kremlin.
Under Ivan I (his nickname Kalita means “moneybag”) Moscow became the centre of worldly and spiritual life. The first stone churches and cathedrals were built between 1326 and 1340. The Kremlin was made the seat of the Metropolitans of Moscow and residence of the Grand Prince. It was under his reign when Moscow became known to the outside world as a “white-walled” city.
IOT BUILT IN A DAY
Under Ivan III, the Grand Prince of Moscow (15th century), Moscow became the capital of the centralized Russian state. Wishing to raise the significance of the capital, Ivan III invited four Italian architects — Aristotle Fioravante, Pietro Antonio Solario, Marco Ruffo and Alevisio Novi. They worked alongside native architects and built a number of magnificent cathedrals.
Italian architects also rebuilt in stone the Kremlin’s Assumption Cathedral (the Mother Church of Russia since the 14th century). Here, Ivan IV was crowned Tsar. He was the first Grand Prince to assume the title of tsar.
After his first wife Anastasia died, Ivan became suspicious, revengeful and hot-tempered. He began a reign of terror in which he killed and tortured many hundreds of nobles and officials. This was what earned him the name of Ivan the Terrible.
Ivan the Terrible was a tyrant, but he made a lot for Russia’s prosperity: his army captured the greatest cities, Kazan and Astrakhan, the last sites of the Golden Horde. The magnificent Cathedral of St Basil (Vasily Blazheny) was erected in Red Square in honour of this victory. There is a legend that Ivan the Terrible blinded the architects Barma and Postnik, because he did not want them to create another masterpiece.
Ivan the Terrible also tried to build up trade with other countries, and the English were the first foreign merchants whom Elizabeth I sent to find out if they could trade with Russia.
At that time all the Russians wore long beards, though they shaved their heads. It was a disgrace not to shave the head, and if a man offended the Tsar he had to let his hair grow, so everyone knew who was out of favour with the Tsar. One of the English merchants had a very fine beard, 1,5 metres long and 5 centimetres thick. When the merchants were received by the Tsar at his palace, he called each one to his table and gave him a cup of wine. When the merchant went to take his cup, his beard spread all over the Tsar’s table. The Tsar admired and blessed it. “This is a gift of God!” he exclaimed. Thus, the English merchant became a favourite with the bloodthirsty tyrant because of his splendid beard.
While in the Kremlin, everyone can sigh, “If only the stones could speak...” Any attempt to recollect our history moves us deeply. What can I add? Moscow like Rome wasn’t built in a day and it can’t be seen in a day, can it?
T. Yakovleva
significance [sig'nifikans] значение
alongside [ajor) said] бок о бок magnificent [maegnifisnt] великолепный
the Assumption [a SAmpJn] Cathedral Успенский собор to assume [asju:m] принимать; присваивать
suspicious [sas pijas] подозрительный
revengeful [ri vend3ful] мстительный
hot-tempered ['hot'tempad] вспыльчивый, горячий
to torture [to:t[a] пытать noble [ noubl] аристократ; вельможа
tyrant [ taiarant] тиран, деспот prosperity [pros perity] процветание
the Golden Horde [ho:d] Золота Орда
to erect [i rekt] строить, воздвигать
to blind [blaind] ослепить merchant [ma:tjant] купец beard [biad] борода disgrace [dis greis] позор to offend [a'fend] оскорблять; вызывать раздражение
out of favour в немилости to bless благословлять bloodthirsty [ blAd,Oa:sti] кровожадный
to sigh [sai] вздыхать attempt [a tempt] попытка to recollect [jekalekt] вспомнит
Nature
did .лоте of them do
see animal skeletons
Animals live all over the world They walk or crawl on land, fly in dr, and swim in the water. Dogs, horses, sparrows, frogs, and worms nimals. n^are butterflies, goldfish, elephants, cockroaches,
are an a: and snakes.
Animals may be of many shapes and
not even look like animals. Many water animals look like” plants growing on the rocks or in the м
under the water.
Plants and animals are different from each other in two important ways. First, plan^j^nnot move by their own power as animals can, and, second, animals cannot make their own food as plants do.
here might be some doubt about a sponge. Is it an animal or a plant? The sponge does not fit the rule because it cannot move. Yet it is an animal because it does not make its own food It lives by feeding on small animals in the water.
There are many other animals that do not look like animals. ^4 the warm tropical waters c
which look like stone. Sometimes they grow so large that can form an island large enough for man to live on. These skeletons are called corals. The living coral-forming animals are soft and very small.
Because many of them look like plants, the strange and cdtWTf ml water animals often make the ocean bottom seem like a flower garden. Many of the sea anemones, sea urchins, sponges and corals look like desert cactus plants. The sea lilies look like waving palm trees.
n wily with a micro-is longer than 5 ele-
scope? The largest animal is the blue whale, ph ants in a row. - -,..
metres tall and weigh as much as 156 kilograms. There were only two birds bigger than the *** ‘ ostrich " the moa and the elephant bird.
to crawl [kro:l] ползать sparrow ['spaerou] воробей worm [wa:m] червь cockroach [ kokroutj] таракан snake змея
rock [rok] зд. камень by their own power собственными силами sponge JspAi idз] губка to feed bn питаться чем-л. coraL^J;л	- *
bottom дно
sea anemone [э пегпэпП актиния sea urchin [ a:t]in] морской еж desert [ dezet] пустыня; растущий в пустыне
cactus [ kaektes] кактус sea lily морская лилия
waving качаю1\ийся да!т [pa. in] ^ев^альмовое дерево
microscope [ maikraS^oup] микроскоп
blue whale [weilj голубои^цтг row [гон] ряд
ostrich [ ostritf] страус to weigh fwei] весить moa [;moua i моа
can
The bee hummingbird, a Yet these little birds
argest ears of all animals are those of the African elephant. They grow as larg 1.2 metres across. The largest eyes thosi
:eistimetres Ion nd sea.
affe is the tallest of ail animals. Male
of all land animals are the horse and ostrich, are about one and a half times the size of human eyes. -
iraffes may grow ond om its legs, which are
to become extinct [tks tigkt] вымирать
toe [totWaaneu, ног и hu^ijT^Mbtrd ['hAmirjbaid] |3rtin6pn shark [fa к] акула deadly ['dedli] смертельный, смертоносный
whale shark китоваСакула twice £&[much в два раза больше average rivapid3] средний harmless [zha:mlis] безвредный, безопасный
tiny ['tarr,;] крошечный aquatic [e'kwgetk] водный, водяной
species ['spi:fiz] вид^роД cassowary [ ksesawCari] казуар
••^tSrtunateJy they become extinct
bird that has only two toes on each foot. . S Hummingbirds are the smallest
’iative of Cuba, grows to only 5 cwyrtf fly long distances over land
The
more than 5.5 me r йЯаП, taller than the African elephant, t (ailest animal. Tne giraffe gets its great height fr
1.8 metre si long, and a neck that may be even longe
New Guinea ( .Tjirgini] Новая
Г винея knifelike ['naiflaik] ос claw [kb:] коготь kick [kik] удар ,
Some animals are friendly. Others are dangerous co man. Perhapj the most feared animal on land or sea is the great white sharte?*Tt attacks people very seldom, but the attacks are sudden, deadly and dra-
как нож
s
natic.
The largest kind of shark ^nd the largest of all fish is the whale ft'may weigh more th&n 14 tons - over twice as much as an aver-e African elephant. This fish is ha^»tess to people. It eats tiny aquat-
ic organisms.
Not all sharks are as big as the great white monster or the harmless whale shark. Scientists classify about 270 kinds of sharks, and there me specie which arc no longer than 16 centimetres.
The most dangerous bird is the cassowary of Australia and New Guinea. It has powerful legs and knifelike claws. A kick en kill a person.
- in all climates on ^Is of the oceans. .Animals usually remain in one place if they find enough food to eat. Africa is piobaby the last place wheie great herds of wild animals still roam over the plains. In other parb of the world, many kinds of animals liaje become extinct, or have been greatly reduced in number because of lack of food. The African lion is able to sundve as long as there are herds of antelope and zebra to supply him with food. >1^ *
(to be continued)
to cripple [’knpl] калечить level [ levlj уровень
to remain [ri'mein] оставаться herd [ho:d] стадо
to roam [roum] бродить
plain [plein] равнина
to reduce [ri dju:s] уменьшать, сокращать
because of lack of food из-за
недостатка пищи
to survive [so vaiv] выживать antelope [ aentiloup] антилопа zebra [ zi:bre] зебра
to supply [GQ'plai.l снабжать, обеспечивать
i a cassowary can cripple or Animals live ever land, and at al
ak
СКEATUBE s
1
В. Our ancestors believed that forests, meadows, mountains, rivers, marshes and moors all had strange inhabitants which sometimes showed themselves to humans, with good or evil results. The barrier between those supernatural creatures and human beings is particularly thin at nights and on very special occasions such as Halloween.
Try to guess the names of the creatures described below.
1.	Particularly skilful miners and metalworkers, they live underground hiding from daylight their small twisted bodies with enormously big heads. They possess magical powers which enable them to make wonderful swords and spears.
2.	They are dead by day but return to life at night to suck people’s blood. They must have a constant supply of fresh blood. Their victims lose strength, die, and... become dangerous.
3.	These cheerful and helpful little creatures prefer to live with people on their farms and help them < in countless minor ways (guide cows home at A milking time, for example). Unfortunately, except for children, only few people can see । these small and hairy little men for they immediately vanish at an approach of an adult who does not believe in them.
4.	They are very mischievous (that is, harmful). They set cups and saucers flying through the air, smash crockery and windows, make furniture fall down, slam every door in the house at midnight, turn on all the lights, turn all the clothes in a wardrobe inside out, fill baths and sinks to overflowing. They usually visit families with teenage children although it is not known why.
Modern researchers suppose that children’s minds may generate the mysterious power needed.
5.	Pretending to be beautiful young women they cast off their masks and curly wigs once a month at the full moon and could be seen flying through the midnight air on a broomstick to their special Sabbaths. They make a living by selling spells, charms and love potions.
6.	Many of them are transparent and shadowy. Sometimes they wear white sheets. They haunt the place where they died or were buried. Many of them are malevolent. That is, they try to do harm.
7.	The first rays of sun send those giants back into their hiding places because sunlight turns them into stone. They appear most frequently during the “light night of the northern summer and produce an unfortunate effect on domestic animals. When one of them is in the neighbourhood — cows fail to give milk, hens do not lay eggs, horses do not work.
8.	The original function of those creatures (also known as the Little People, the Good Folk, the Green Men) was to appear in a household soon after a birth and bestow various gifts upon the newborn child. Most of them are vegetarians who enjoy a diet of wdld honey, dew and nectar.

ВВ. Poets and writers have always paid much attention to the supernatural creatures. Test your knowledge of English literature and find 6 missing key words.
, marshes
1. Beowulf a hero of the most famous poem in Old English fought with an underwater monster called and defeated it.
a) Grendel
I b) Griffin
c) Gibbon
Ural crea-
Lial occa-
2.	“The Canterville Ghost” is a story written by
a)	Walter Scott
b)	Oscar Wilde
c)	Charles Dickens
d hiding ids. They il swords
3.	A friendly ghost in Ch. Dickens' “A Christmas Carol” helps Ebenezer Scrooge, the main character, become a better person.
a)	Marley
b)	Cratchit
Tieir vic-
r in the hes in a у usually wn why. rate the
4. A ghost in IT Shakespeare's play “ murderer's name.
a)	Macbeth
b)	Othello
c)	Hamlet
” appeared to reveal the
5. “Dracula ” — a novel by, has become a subject of many film versions, imitations and parodies.
a)	Bram Stoker
b)	Mary Shelly
l.W. Polidori
6. According to the legend the name of King Arthur's wizard was a) Lancelot
b) Merlin
c) Galahad
asks and m flying hs. They
ИЯ . Can you recognise a witch? Here are some statements about ' The witches’*. Some of them are true, some are false.
[consult R. Dahl’s “Witches”.)
(If necessary,
jar white
Many of
urtunate
I — cows
>irth and ans who
1.	Witches arc kind and generous.
2.	All witches are women. There is no such thing as a male witch.
3.	Witches usually wear black hats.
4.	It isn’t difficult to tell a watch from a kind ladv.
5.	Witches are bald. That is why they wear wigs.
6.	Witches have beautiful finger-nails.
7.	Their spit is blue.
8.	Witches love children.
9.	Witches are afraid of black cats.
10.	Their feet are square and ugly.
□
Advanced
Readers
THE WAXWODK
1	overdressed - dressed in clothes that are too formal: I felt distinctly overdressed - everyone else was in jeans.
2	young hiood - old use a fashionable young man, a man about town
3	Aladame Tussaud s [iu souz] -
a museum in London which contains wax figures in natural dimensions of the most famous people, both living and dead. The Chamber of Horrors displays dumm ies of notorious murderers and criminals.
4	free-lance usually of an unattached journalist, writer, actor, etc. who is not under contract for regular work but sells his writings or services to any buyer. Hence to free-lance -to work as a free-lance
5	work on space - especially of a journalist, to get paid on the basis of the amount of space occupied by his copy in a newspaper or magazine
A.M. Burrage
'W? A\ jj hile the uniformed attendants of Marriner’s 1\Л\// Waxworks were ushering the last stragglers through r/ If/ the great glass-panelled double doors, the manager —x x sat in his office interviewing Raymond Hewson.
The manager was a youngish man, stout, blond and of medium height. He wore his clothes well and contrived to look extremely smart without appearing overdressed.1 Raymond Hewson looked neither. His clothes, which had been good when new and which were still carefully brushed and pressed, were beginning to show signs of their owner’s losing batde with the world. He was a small, spare, pale man, with lank, errant brown hair, and though he spoke plausibly and even forcibly he had the defensive and somewhat furtive air of a man who was used to rebuffs. He looked what he was, a man gifted somewhat above the ordinary, who was a failure through his lack of self-assertion.
The manager was speaking.
“There is nothing new in your request,” he said. In fact we refuse it to different people — mosdy young bloods2 who have tried to make bets — about three times a week. We have nothing to gain and something to lose by letting people spend the night in our Murderers’ Den. If I allowed it, and some young idiot lost his senses, what would be my position? But your being a journalist somewhat alters the case.”
Hewson smiled.
“I suppose you mean that journalists have no senses to lose.”
“No, no,” laughed the manager, “but one imagines them to be responsible people. Besides, here we have something to gain: publicity and advertisement.”
“Exactly,” said Hewson, “and there I thought we might come to terms.”
The manager laughed again.
“Oh,” he exclaimed, “I know what’s coming. You want to be paid twice, don’t you? It used to be said years ago that Madame Tussaud’s5 would give a man a hundred pounds for sleeping alone in the Chamber of Horrors. I hope you don’t think that we have made any such offer. Er — what is your paper, Mr Hewson?”
“I am free-lancing4 at present,” Hewson confessed, “working on space5 for several papers. However, I should get no difficulty in getting the story printed. The Morning Echo would use it like a
shot.6 “A Night with Marriner’s Murderers.” No live paper could turn it down.”
The manager rubbed his chin.
“Ah! And how do you propose to treat it?”
“I shall make it gruesome, of course, gruesome, with just a saving touch of humour.”
The other nodded and offered Hewson his cigarette case.
“Very well, Mr Hewson,” he said. “Get your story printed in the Morning Echo, and there will be a five-pound note waiting for you here when you care to come and call for it. But first of all, it’s no small ordeal7 that you’re proposing to undertake. I’d like to be quite sure about you, and I’d like you to be quite sure of yourself. I own81 shouldn’t care to take it on. I’ve seen those figures dressed an d undressed. I know all about the process of their manufacture. I can walk about in company downstairs as unmoved as if I were walking among so many skittles,9 but I should hate having to sleep down there alone among them.”
“Why?” asked Hewson.
“I don’t know. There isn’t any reason. I don’t believe in ghosts. If I did, I should expect them to haunt the scene of their crimes or the spot where the bodies were laid, instead of a cellar which happens to contain their waxwork effigies. It’s just that I couldn’t sit alone among them all night, with their seeming to stare at me in the way they do. After all, they represent the lowest and most appalling types of humanity, and — although I would not own it publicly — the people who come to see them are not generally charged with the very highest motives. The whole atmosphere of the place is unpleasant, and if you are susceptible to atmosphere I warn you that you are in for10 a very uncomfortable night!”
Hewson had known that from the moment when the idea first occurred to him. His soul sickened at the prospect, even while he smiled casually upon the manager. But he had a wife and a family to keep, and for the past month he had been living on paragraphs, eked out by his rapidly dwindling store of savings11. Here was a chance not to be missed — the price of a special story in the Morning Echo , with a five-pound note to add to it. It meant comparative wealth and luxury for a week, and freedom from the worst anxieties for a fortnight. Besides, if he wrote the story well, it might lead to an offer of regular employment.
“The way of transgressors12 — and newspaper men — is hard,” he said. “I have already promised myself an uncomfortable night because your Murderers’ Den is obviously not fitted up as a hotel bedroom. But I don’t think your waxworks will worry me much.”
‘You’re not superstitious?”
“Not a bit,” Hewson laughed.
“But you’re a journalist; you must have a strong imagina-
6	like a shot - without any delay, eager!
7	ordeal - a difficult or painful expe rience. In old times, it was a metho of deciding a person’s guilt or innc cence by his capacity to pass som test such as passing through fire, tak ing poison, putting his or her han in boiling water, etc.
8	own - to admit
9	skittles - кегли
10	be in for - likely to have or experience (especially something unpleas ant)
11	he had been living on paragraphs, eked out by his rapidly dwindling store of savings - he made very little money as a journalist and had to draw heavily from his bank account to make both ends meet
12	transgressor - a breaker of laws oi rules, a wrongdoer; a sinner
§trtak
Advanced
Readers
13	dungeon - a dark, damp underground room in prison, esp. under a castle (Russ, темница)
14	rack - дыба; branding irons -железное клеймо; thumb-screws -тиски для больших пальцев (instruments of torture)
15	Crippen - Dr Crippen was an American doctor who is well known because he murdered his wife in a particular brutal way while living in England. He was hanged in 1910. His wax image is at Madame Tussaud's in the Chamber of Horrors.
16	he couldn't tread on a worm - he was absolutely harmless (Russ. Он и мухи не обидит)
17	star turn - Russ. гвоздь программы
tion.”
“The news editors for whom I’ve worked have always complained that I haven’t any. Plain facts are not considered sufficient in our trade, and the papers don’t like offering their readers unbuttered bread.”
The manager smiled and rose.
“Right,” he said. “I think the last of the people have gone. Wait a moment. I’ll give orders for the figures downstairs not to be draped, and let the night people know that you’ll be here. Then I’ll take you down and show you round.”
He picked up the receiver of a house telephone, spoke into it and presently replaced it.
“One condition I’m afraid I must impose on you,” he remarked. “I must ask you not to smoke. We had a fire scare down in the Murderers’ Den this evening. I don’t know who gave the alarm, but whoever it was it was a false one. Fortunately there were very few people down there at the time, or there might have been a panic. And now, if you’ re ready we’ll make a move.’
He led the way through an open barrier and down ill-lit stone stairs which conveyed a sinister impression of giving access to a dungeon.11 In a passage at the bottom were a few preliminary horrors, such as relics of the Inquisition, a rack taken from a medieval castle, branding irons, thumb-screws14 and other mementos of man’s one-time cruelty to man. Beyond the passage was the Murderers’ Den.
It was a room of irregular shape with a vaulted roof, and dimly lit by electric lights burning behind inverted bowls of frosted glass. It was, by design, an eerie and uncomfortable chamber — a chamber whose atmosphere invited its visitors to speak in whispers.
The waxwork murderers stood on low pedestals with numbered tickets at their feet. Seeing them elsewhere, and without knowing whom they represented, one would have thought them a dull looking crew, chiefly remarkable for the shabbiness of their clothes, and as evidence of the changes of fashions even among the unfashionable.
The manager, walking around with Hewson pointed out several of the more interesting of these unholy notabilities.
“That’s Crippen;15 I expect you recognise him. Insignificant little beast who looks as if he couldn’t tread on a worm? And of course this —”
“Who’s that?” Hewson interrupted in a whisper, pointing.
“Oh, I was coming to him,” said the manager in a light undertone. “Come and have a good look at him. This is our star turn.17 He’s the only one of the bunch that hasn’t been hanged.”
The figure which Hewson had indicated was that of a small, slight man not much more than five feet in height. It wore little waxed mustaches, large spectacles, and a caped coat. There was
com-suffi-read-
jone. pt to here.
into
he scare gave there Light ve.” ill-lit .ccess pimi-from )ther ssage
I and frost-mber ak in
num-th out them
!SS of even
something so exaggeratedly French in his appearance that it reminded Hewson of a stage caricature. He could not have said precisely why the mild-looking face seemed to him so repellent, but he had already recoiled a step and, even in the manager’s company, it cost him an effort to look again.
“But who is he?” he asked.
“That,” said the manager, “is Dr Bourdette.”
Hewson shook his head doubtfully.
“I think I’ve heard the name,” he said, “but I forget in connection with what.”
The manager smiled.
‘You’d remember better if you were a Frenchman,” he said. “For some long while the man was the terror of Paris. He carried on his work of healing by day, and of throat-cutting by night, when the fit was on him. He killed for the sheer devilish pleasure it gave him to kill, and always in the same way — with a razor. After his last crime he left a clue behind him which set the police upon his track. One clue led to another, and before very long they knew that they were on the track of the Parisian equivalent of our Jack the Ripper,1* and had enough evidence to send him to the madhouse or the guillotine on a dozen capital19 charges.”
“But even then our friend here was too clever for them. When he realised that the toils were closing about him he mysteriously disappeared, and ever since the police of every civilised country have been looking for him.”
Hewson shuddered and fidgeted with his feet.
“I don’t like him at all,” he confessed. “Ugh!20 What eyes he’s got!”
‘Yes, this figure’s a little masterpiece. You find the eyes bite into you? Well, that’s excellent realism, then, for Bourdette practised mesmerism,21 and was supposed to mesmerise his victims before dispatching22 them. Indeed, had he not done so, it is impossible to see how so small a man could have done his ghastly work. There were never any signs of a struggle.”
“I thought I saw him move,” said Hewson with a catch in his voice.
it sev-
icant nd of
>g-
light ir star feed-’ small,
little
e was
18	Jack the Ripper - Джек Потрошитель. An anonymous killei who wandered about the streets of London in the nineties of the 19th century murdering women, mainly prostitutes, and whose identity remains unknown to this day.
19	capital - punishable by death. Capital punishment is no longer used in Great Britain, but it is regularly discussed in parliament. Several US states still use capital punishment.
20	Ugh! [uh] - an exclamation of disgust, horror, etc.
21	mesmerism - old use for hypnotism (from Franz Mesmer, an Austrian doctor, who founded the system of hypnotism)
22	dispatch - euph to kill, usually officially and according to plan 23 tot - inf ml a small amount of a strong alcoholic drink
24	facetious [fH'sijQs] - using or tending to use unsuitable jokes
The manager smiled.
‘You’ll have more than one optical illusion before the night’s out, I expect. You shan’t be locked in. You can come upstairs when you’ve had enough of it. There are watchmen on the premises, so you’ll find company. Don’t be alarmed if you hear them moving about. I’m sorry I can’t give you any more light, because all the lights are on. For obvious reasons we keep this place as gloomy as possible. And now I think you had better return with me to the office and have a tot2 of whisky before beginning your night’s vigil.”
The member of the night staff who placed the armchair for Hewson was inclined to be facetious.21
Speak out
For
Advanced
Readers
25 Mem. - Lat memento, remember
“Where will you have it, sir?” he asked grinning. “Just ‘ere, so as you can have a little talk with Crippen when you’re tired of sitting still? Say where, sir.”
Hewson smiled. The man’s chaff pleased him if only because, for the moment at least, it lent the proceedings a much desired air of the commonplace.
Hewson wished the man good night. It was easier than he had expected. He wheeled the armchair — a heavy one upholstered in plush — a little way down the central gangway, and deliberately turned it so that its back was toward the effigy of Dr Bourdette. For some undefined reason he liked Dr Bourdette a great deal less than his companions. Busying himself with arranging the chair he was almost lighthearted, but when the attendant’s footfalls had died away and a deep hush stole over the chamber he realised that he had no slight ordeal before him.
The dim unwavering light fell on the rows of figures which were so uncannily like human beings that the silence and the stillness seemed unnatural and even ghastly. He missed the sound of breathing, the rustling of clothes, the hundred and one minute noises one hears when even the deepest silence has fallen upon a crowd. All was still to the gaze and silent to the ear. “It must be like this at the bottom of the sea,” he thought, and wondered how to work the phrase into his story on the morrow.
He faced the sinister figures boldly enough. They were only waxworks. So long as he let that thought dominate all other he promised himself that all would be well. It did not, however, save him long from the discomfort occasioned by the waxen stare of Dr Bourdette, which, he knew, was directed upon him from behind. The eyes of the little Frenchman’s effigy haunted and tormented him, and he itched with the desire to turn and look. At last Hewson slewed his chair round a little and looked behind him.
Among the many figures standing in stiff, unnatural poses, the effigy of the dreadful little doctor stood out with a queer prominence, perhaps because a steady beam of light beat straight down upon it.
“He’s only a waxwork like the rest of you,” Hewson muttered defiantly. “You’re all only waxworks.”
They were only waxworks, yes, but waxworks don’t move. Not that he had seen the least movement anywhere, but it struck him that, in the moment or two while he had looked behind him, there had been the least subtle change in the grouping of the figures in front. Crippen, for instance, seemed to have turned at least one degree to the left. Or, thought Hewson, perhaps the illusion was due to the fact that he had not slewed his chair back into its exact original position.
He took a notebook from his pocket and wrote quickly.
“Mem.25 — Deathly silence and unearthly stillness of figures.
’ere, id of
only inch
n he □hoi-
tte a rang-tten-r the
the one
s fall-in “It won-
only tr he
save
|e of from
and look, hmd
oses, ueer beat
icve. ruck
ures.
Like being bottom of sea. Hypnotic eyes of Dr Bourdette. Figures seem to move when not being watched.”
He closed the book suddenly over his fingers and looked round quickly and awfully over his right shoulder. He had neither seen nor heard a movement, but it was as if some sixth sense26 had made him aware of one. He looked straight into the vapid countenance of Lefroy which smiled vacantly back as if to say, “It wasn’t I!”
Of course it wasn’t he, or any of them; it was his own nerves. Or was it? Hadn’t Crippen moved again during that moment when his attention was directed elsewhere^ You couldn’t trust that little man! Once you took your eyes off him he took advantage of it to shift his position. That was what they were all doing, if he only knew it, he told himself; and half rose out of his chair. This was not quite good enough! He was going. He wasn’t going to spend the night with a lot of waxworks which moved while he wasn’t looking.
...Hewson sat down again. This was very cowardly and very absurd. They were only waxworks and they couldn’t move; let him hold to that thought and all would yet be well. Then why all that silent unrest about him? — a subtle something in the air which did not quite break the silence and happened, whichever way he looked, just beyond the boundaries of his vision.
He swung round quickly to encounter the mild but baleful stare of Dr Bourdette. Then, without warning, he jerked his head back to stare straight at Crippen. Ha! He’d nearly caught Crippen that time! ‘You’d better be careful, Crippen — and all the rest of you! If I do see one of you move I'll smash you to pieces! Do you hear?”
He ought to go, he told himself. Already he had experienced enough to write his story, or ten stories, for the matter of that. Well, then, why not to go? The Morning Echo would be none the wiser as to how long he had stayed, nor would it care so long as his story was a good one. Yes, but that night watchmen upstairs would chaff him. And the manager — one never knew — perhaps the manager would quibble over that five-pound note which he needed so badly. He wondered if Rose were asleep or if she were lying awake and thinking of him. She'd laugh when he told her that he had imagined...
This was a little too much! It was bad enough that the waxwork effigies of murderers should move when they weren’t being watched, but it was intolerable that they should breathe. Somebody was breathing. Or was it his own breath which sounded to him as if it came from a distance? He sat rigid, listening and straining, until he exhaled with a long sigh. His own breath after all, or — if not, something had divined that he was listening and had ceased breathing simultaneously.
— This would not do! This distinctly would not do! He must
26 sixth sense - intuition
§beak
Advanced
Readers
tripper - BrE. (often contemptuous) an excursionist, especially of the noisy kind
28 the Falstaff [ foJstarf] - the name of a public house
29 bidding - command
,J a thought - a little bit
clutch at something, grip with his mind upon something which belonged essentially to the workaday world, to the daylight London streets. He was Raymond Hewson, an unsuccessful journalist, a living and breathing man, and these figures grouped around him were only dummies, so they could neither move nor whisper. What did it matter if they were supposed to be life-like effigies of murderers? They were only made of wax and sawdust, and stood there for the entertainment of morbid sightseers and orange-sucking trippers.27 That was better! Now what was that funny story which somebody told him in the Falstaff28 yesterday?
He recalled part of it, but not all, for the gaze of Dr Bourdette urged, challenged and finally compelled him to turn.
Hewson half turned, and then swung his chair so as to bring him face to face with the wearer of those dreadful hypnotic eyes. His own were dilated, and his mouth, at first set in a grin of terror, lifted at the corners in a snarl. Then Hewson spoke and woke a hundred sinister echoes.
“You moved, damn you!” he cried. ‘Yes, you did, damn you! I saw you!”
Then he sat quite still, staring straight before him, like a man found frozen in the Arctic snows.
Dr Bourdette’s movements were leisurely. He stepped off the platform and sat down on the edge facing Hewson. Then he nodded and smiled and said, “Good evening.”
“I need hardly tell you,” he continued, in perfect English in which was traceable only the least foreign accent, “that not until I overhead the conversation between you and the worthy manager of this establishment, did I suspect that I should have the pleasure of a companion here for the night. You cannot move or speak without my bidding,29 but you can hear me perfectly well. Something tells me that you are — shall I say nervous? My dear sir, have no illusions. I am not one of these contemptible effigies miraculously come to life: I am Dr Bourdette himself.”
He paused, coughed and shifted his legs.
“Pardon me,” he resumed, “but I am a little stiff. And let me explain. Circumstances with which I need not fatigue you, have made it desirable that I should live in England. I was close to this building this evening when I saw a policeman regarding me a thought30 too curiously. I guessed that he intended to follow and perhaps ask me embarrassing questions, so I mingled with the crowd and came in here. An extra coin bought my admission to the chamber in which we now meet, and an inspiration showed me a certain means of escape.
“I raised a cry of fire, and when all the fools had rushed to the stairs I stripped my effigy of the caped coat which you behold me wearing, donned it, hid my effigy under the platform at the back, and took its place on the pedestal.
“The manager’s description of me, which I had the embar-
rassment of being compelled to overhear, was biased but not altogether inaccurate. Clearly I am not dead, although it is as well that the world thinks otherwise. His account of my hobby, which I have indulged for years, although, through necessity, less frequendy of late, was in the main true although not intelligently expressed. The world is divided between collectors and noncollectors. With the noncollectors we are not concerned. The collectors collect anything, according to their individual tastes, from money to cigarette cards, from moths to matchboxes. I collect throats.”
He paused again and regarded Hewson’s throat with interest mingled with disfavour.
“I am obliged to chance which brought us together tonight,” he continued, ‘ and perhaps it would seem ungrateful to complain. From motives of personal safety my activities have been somewhat curtailed of late years, and I am glad of this opportunity of gratifying my somewhat unusual whim. But you have a skinny neck, sir, if you will overlook a personal remark. I should have never selected you from choice. I like men with thick necks... thick red necks...”
He fumbled in an inside pocket and took out something which he tested against a wet forefinger and then proceeded to pass gently to and fro against the palm of his left hand.
“This is a little French razor,” he remarked blandly. “They are not much used in England, but perhaps you know them? One strops them on wood. The blade, you will observe, is very narrow. They do not cut very' deep, see for yourself. I shall ask you the little civil question of all the polite barbers: Does the razor suit you, sir?”
He rose up, a diminutive but menacing figure of evil, and approached Hewson with the silent, furtive step of a hunting panther.
‘ You will have the goodness,” he said, “to raise your chin a little. Thank you, and a little more. Just a little more. Ah, thank you!.. Merci, m’sieur... Ah, merci... merci...”
The waxwork figures stood apathetically in their places, waiting to be admired or execrated by the crowds who would presently wander fearfully among them. In their midst, in the centre gangway, Hewson sat still, leaning far back in his armchair. His chin was up tilted as if he were waiting to receive attention from a barber, and although there was not a scratch upon his throat, nor anywhere upon his body, he was cold and dead. His previous employers were wrong in having him credited with no imagination.
Dr Bourdette on his pedestal watched the dead man unemotionally. He did not move, nor was he capable of motion. But then, after all, he was only a waxwork.
Э/на /zyd/zuKa для бас, опа^меклассники и аби/ну/гиен/ны. Она помоэкегп бале нодго/побге/пьгуя к бынуас-ным и бопупигпельным экзаменам. (устному и письменному) по английскому языку. Сего у ня мы хогнели бы познакомить бас с боп/юсами когпо/гые бам лгогу/п задаьпь науокном экзамене.
QUESTIONS
1.	What is your first name?
2.	What is your surname?
3.	How old are you?
4.	Where do you live?
5.	Where were you born?
6.	What is your date of birth?
7.	What is your address?
8.	What is your telephone number?
9.	Is your family large?
10.	Are you an only child?
11.	Wh a t are your paren ts?
12.	Who do you most take after, your mother or your father?
13.	Who are you like in character?
14.	Who do you look like?
15.	What are your household duties?
16.	Do you always plan your day beforehand?
17.	What do you usually do in the evenings?
18.	How do you spend your weekends?
19.	Are you a stay-at-home or do you prefer to go out when you have some time to spare?
20.	Are you fond of having friends in?
21.	Do you often have parties?
22.	What do you think makes one’s home cosy?
23.	Have you got a room of your own?
24.	Can you describe it?
25.	What is your hobby?
26.	Who is your best friend?
27.	Can you describe him/her?
28.	How long have you been friends?
29.	Do you have much in common or are you j different?
30.	How do you spend your free time together?
31.	Is your friend easy to get along with?
32.	What qualities do you most admire in people?
33.	What characteristics annoy you most in people?
34.	What does the word “lazy” mean?
35.	How would you describe a person who helps other people?
36.	What do we call a person who expects good things to happen?
37.	What do we call a person who expects bad things to happen?
38.	Do you believe in horoscopes?
39.	What are the good and bad characteristics associated with your sign of the zodiac?
40.	What is your attitude to astrology?
41.	When did you leave school?
I 42. What kind of school was it?
43.	What subjects were you good at?
44.	What subjects did you like?
45.	What subjects did you dislike?
46.	What subjects were you bad at?
47.	Who was your favourite teacher? Why?
48.	Did you spend a lot of time at school?
49.	What out-of-class activities did you take part in?
50.	Were there any hobby clubs or societies in your school?
51.	Did you take part in any of them?
52.	What time did you usually come home from school?
53.	Did you have to wear a uniform?
54.	Could you choose the subjects you studied?
' 55. Did you like your English classes?
56.	What did you do during your English lessons?
57.	When did you begin studying English?
58.	Had you studied English before you came to school?
59.	How long have you been learning English?
60.	Were all your English teachers good?
5>4
пПЦСК-
ы
ho
:ts
its bad
eristics lac?
hy?
11?
ake
eties in
me
tudied?
Sh
ish?
i came
61.	What marks did you usually get in English?
62.	Do you find English grammar easy or difficult to study?
63.	What about English pronunciation?
64.	How many vowels are there in the English alphabet?
65.	How many letters are there in the English alphabet?
66.	What English-speaking countries do you \ know?
67.	Have you been to any of them?	!
68.	Which variant of the English language do I you like more: British or American?
69.	Did you study any other languages at school?
70.	How long docs it take a person to learn to speak a foreign language, in your opinion?
71.	Do you find languages easy or difficult to learn?
72.	What other languages besides English would you like to learn?
73.	What languages belong to the family of Romance languages?
74.	What languages belong to the family of Slavic languages?
75.	What family does the English language belong to?
76.	What language is spoken in France? Germany? China?
77.	What language is spoken in Holland? Switzerland? Brazil?
78.	Why is it important to know foreign languages?
79.	What are your future plans?
80.	Why did you decide to study at our University?
81.	What professions do you know?
82.	Which of them require the knowledge of foreign languages?
83.	What is an interpreter?
84.	What’s the difference between an interpreter and a translator?
85.	What’s the difference between “to lake an exam” and “to pass an exam”?
86.	Are you fond of reading?
I
87.	What famous English writers do you know?
88.	What famous American writers do you know?
89.	Who are your favourite English (American) authors?
90.	Which of their books have you read?
91.	Who are your favourite Russian writers?
92.	Do you like poetry?
93.	Which do you prefer to read, poetry or prose?
94.	Have you ever written any poetry?
95.	What is the basic difference between
j
poetry and prose?
96.	Who are your favourite Russian poets?
97.	Do you like modem poetry?
98.	What famous English or American poets do you know?
99.	Do you read much?
100.	How much do you read in English?
101.	Is it difficult for you to read English books in the original?
! 102. What kind of books do you know?
103.	What sort of books do people read if they want information?
104.	What sort of books do people read if they want entertainment?
105.	What’s the difference between a biogra phy and autobiography?
106.	What’s the difference between fiction and non-fiction books?
107.	How often do you use reference books?
108.	What dictionaries do you use?
109.	What kind of books do you enjoy reading?
110.	If you could choose between reading a book or seeing the same story as a film, which would you prefer?
111.	Who are your favourite modern authors?
112.	What kind of books do they write?
113.	Which book did you particularly enjoy reading recently?
114.	What did you like about the book?
115.	What was it about?
116.	Are there any books you’d like to re-read?
117.	Do you sometimes borrow books from a library?
118.	What do you call a person who works in
\ a library?
119.	Have you got a lot of books at home?
120.	Do you think it is good to have a home library?
121.	Have you got English books at home?
122.	Why do so many people like to read crimeries?
123.	Can you explain the difference between a bookshop and a library?
124.	Do you read newspapers?
125.	What newspapers do you read?
126.	What are your favourite magazines?
127.	Where can you buy newspapers and magazines?
128.	What newspapers and magazines do you subscribe to?
129.	Which sections of a newspaper are you especially interested in?
130.	Do you read reviews of new books, films and plays?
131.	What is an editorial?
132.	What’s the difference between an editor and a reporter?
133.	Do you read any newspapers in English?
134.	What British newspapers do you know?
135.	Do you agree that radio and television have made newspapers unnecessary?
136.	Do you like watching TV?
137.	How much time do you spend watching TV?
138.	Is it true that television begins to dominate our lives?
139.	What TV programmes are most popular with young people?
140.	What are your favourite TV programmes?
141.	What programmes do your parents usually watch?
142.	What do you think of soap operas?
143.	Do you like quiz shows?
144.	Do you ever watch educational TV programmes?
145.	Are they helpful?
146.	How many times have you been to the cinema this year?
147.	What kind of films do you prefer?
I 148. Who are your favourite actors?
149.	Who are you favourite film directors?
150.	What do you think of horror films?
151.	Which film did you particularly like recently?
152.	What was it about?
153.	Who starred in the film?
Ш>4. Have you seen any films in English?
155. How often do you go to the theatre?
156.	When did you last go to the theatre?
157.	Did you like the performance?
158.	Did the audience like the performance?
159.	Was the house full?
160.	Where were your seats?
161.	Did you like the scenery?
162.	What was the play about?
163.	Who played the leading parts?
164.	Was the cast good?
165.	What do you call a place where the performance takes place?
166.	Where do you buy tickets?
167.	What do we call a person who writes
I plays?
168.	What do we call a person who directs the staging of a play?
169.	What is your favourite theatre and why?
170.	Which do you enjoy more: going to the theatre or going to the cinema?
171.	Do you like opera?
172.	What are your favourite operas?
173.	What are your favourite ballets?
174.	Which do you prefer: ballet, opera or musical concerts?
175.	Who are your favourite composers?
i 176. Do you enjoy listening to classical music?
177.	What are your favourite pieces of classical music?
178.	Which do you prefer: modern music or classical music?
179.	What’s the difference between a concert and a rehearsal?
180.	What’s the difference between a composer and a musician?
or
lassical
181.	Who are your favourite popular singers and groups?
182.	Do you collect records or compact discs?
183.	What is your favourite musical instrument?
184.	Do you play any musical instruments?
185.	Did you take music lessons? For how long?
186.	Have you ever been to a concert you didn’t like?	. \
187.	Are you interested in painting?	\
188.	How often do you visit art galleries or fine arts museums?
189.	How many times have you been to the Tretyakov Gallery?
190.	When did you last go to the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts?
191.	What museums have you been to this year?
192.	Have you been to any exhibitions lately?
193.	Who are your favourite Russian painters?
194.	What famous English and American painters do you know?
195.	Where did you see their pictures?
196.	What kind of pictures do you know?
197.	What’s the difference between a landscape and a seascape?
198.	What’s the English for “натюрморт”?
199.	Have you ever been to the Hermitage in St Petersburg?
200.	What art galleries in London do you know?
201.	Are you fond of reading science fiction? 
202.	Who is your favourite science fiction author?
203.	Which of the writers foresaw the flight to the moon?
204.	Which great Russian scientist worked out the theory of space flights and designed I the first rocket?
205.	What achievements have bfeen made in space exploration?
206.	Who was the first cosmonaut?
207.	Who was the first to land on the moon?
208.	Do you think there is life on other planets of the solar system?
209.	Do you believe in UFOs (Unidentified Flying Objects)?
210.	Can you predict the future? What will life
be like in 2100?
,211. What outstanding scientists do you know?
.212. What famous inventors do you know?
213.	Are there any outstanding politicians and public figures in our country?
214.	What kind of people are considered to be ( out-standing? What qualities must they possess?
215.	Is it enough to be talented to be called
_ outstanding'
/(216.) What is environment?
‘217. What has man’s interference in nature led to?
218.	Why do so many species of animals and plants die out for ever?
219.	What pollutes and poisons the air?
220.	Why are acid rains so dangerous for people?
221.	What do you know about the conse-quences of the Chernobyl tragedy?
222.	What should every country do to protect nature and to clean the environment?
223	Is international cooperation necessary to create a system of ecological security?
у Tpr Why do you think so?
v224j What countries is the UK made up of?
225.	What is the capital of the UK?
226.	What is the capital of Wales?
227.	What is the capital of Scotland?
228.	What is the capital of Northern Ireland?
, 229. Who is the Prime Minister of Great Britain?
£30. Who is the Queen of Britain?
/231. What places of interest in London do you know?
232.	What do you know about Westminster Abbey?
233.	What do you know about the Houses of Parliament?
234.	Where is the residence of the Queen? \,,235. Who was St Paul’s Cathedral built by?
236.	Whai do the stars on the American flag stand for?
237.	How many stars are there on the US flag?
238.	What is the capital of the USA?
239.	Who was the first president of the USA?
240.	Who is the US President now?
Ciu
Pai
241.	What great Americans do you know?
242.	Who discovered America?
I 243. What large cities in the USA do you know?
244.	What do the letters DC stand for?
245.	Which city is more American: Washington /	or New York?
246.	What places of interest in Washington do L_	you know?
247.	When did the Russian Federation become
।	an independent state?
248.	What parts of Russia have you been to?
249.	When was Moscow founded and who by?
250.	Do you know the city well?
251.	Can you describe the centre of Moscow?
252.	What historical monuments in Moscow >
do you know?
253.	What world-famous museums in Moscow
do you know?
254.	What do you know about Red Square?
255.	What is your favourite place in Moscow?
256.	What are the most interesting tourist sights in your city?
257.	Do you live in the centre or in the sub-urbs?
258.	What kinds of public transport do you know?
^259. Are you fond of travelling?
260.	If you were free to travel wherever you wanted, what countries would you visit?
261.	Why do you think so many people like travelling?
262.	Which is the most convenient way of travelling?
263.	Which is the quickest way of travelling?
264.	What are the advantages and disadvantages of travelling by car?
265.	What are the advantages and disadvantages of travelling by air?
266.	Have you ever been abroad?
267.	What’s the difference between a voyage and a journey?
268.	What great travellers of the past do you know?
269.	Do you find time for sports?
270.	What kinds of sports do you know?
I j 271. What is you favourite kind of sports?
I 272. What sports do you enjoy watching?
273. What do you do to keep fit?
11 274. What do you know about the history of the Olympic Games?
11 275. What kinds of sports are popular in Britain?
• 276. What's the difference between an amateur and a professional?
277. What do you do when you fall ill?
1 278. What does the doctor do when he comes to examine you?
I 279. What kinds of diseases do you know?
280.	What is the dentist’s job?
281.	When are we taken to hospital?
v 282. What must we do to be in good health?
11 283. What are the most important national holidays in Russia?
284.	What do we celebrate on the 9th of May?
285.	When do we celebrate Independence Day?
286.	What religious holidays do you know?
287.	What is you favourite holiday?
288.	What are the most important public holi-
| days in Great Britain?
I 289. What are the most important public holidays in the United States?
! 290. Are Christmas and Easter celebrated at the same time in all Christian countries?
291.	How is New Year celebrated in your family?
292.	Have you got a watch? What time is it now?
293.	What are you doing now?
। 294. What will you be doing this time tomorow?
295.	What were you doing at six o’clock in the evening yesterday?
296.	If you were a millionaire, how would you spend your money?
297.	If you were free today, where would you spend the day?
298.	If friends come to visit you tonight, how will you entertain them?
। 299. What arc you going to do tonight?
300.	If you are admitted to this faculty; what specialization would you like to take up?

street you?" i thank? headat not th lyou ad not wi He say hopes
D< told? Л A surv< lies a ( any ha arc sitt If you reason not wa or not,
Tl lies ab< liar [late indignar to keep survey [ on the a white lie to do ha human r to often to inven to accet income
Some ] if it is t
I 13 are believe shi, th Japan* buildii
bad lucl
FROb
I The fi ing th lied 1
bry of
Curiosity
P)a<g,<e
The world is so full of a number of things, Tm sure we should all be as happy as kings.
R. L. Stevenson
1HE YOU A LIAR?
in
amateur
I
e comes
ow?
cal th?
ion al
of May? nee Day? now?
blic holi-
No," most people will say indignantly. But if you ask the question, Do you always tell the truth?' the answer will iot be so certain.
Let us give an example. You meet someone in the .treet who you used to go to college with. 'How arc rou?" you ask (Lie No.l. You really don’t care.) "Fine, hanks," he answers. (Lie No.2. He has got a terrible leadachc.) 'You look well,’ you say. (Lie No.3. You do 101 think he looks well al all.) When you say good-bye, ou add, "Have a good time." (Lie No.4. You actually do lot wish this at all because you have never liked him.) de savs, "Anyway, let’s keep in touch." (Lie No.5. He hopes he will never see you again.)
Do you realize that in a single minute 5 lies were jold? And how many more like these do you tell a day? \ survey showed that on the average a person tells 200 lies a day. Most of these are white lies, they do not do any harm and even make human relations easier. There are si i llations in which it is necessary to lie to be polite. If you do not want to offend someone, you will invent a icason for not accepting an invitation to a party you do not want to go. If you get a present, whether you like it or not, you must say, How lovely!
The same survey shows that people most often tell lies about three things: age, income, and sex.
)lic holi-
ited at un tries? ir family? is it now?
liar [laia] лгун, лжец
rndignantly [ indignantli] возмущенно, с возмущением to keep in touch поддерживать связь (контакт)
survey [se:ve] опрос общественного мнения
on the average [ severidj] в среднем
white lie невинная ложь, ложь во спасение
to do harm причинять вред
human relations человеческие отношения
to offend [a'fend] обижать
to invent г reason [ rrzn] придумать причину
to accept an invitation принять приглашение
income [ irjkem] доход(ы)
the Chinese using paper money instead of coins. In spite ol Polo’s description, Europeans could not understand how a piece of paper could be valuable. They did not adopt the use of paper money until the 1600’s, when banks began to issue paper bills, called bank notes. The notes could be exchanged for gold or silver coins on deposit in the bank.
coin монета
valuable fvaeljuabl] ценный
to adopt [a'dopt] принимать, перенимать
to issue risju:, Щи:] выпускать
deposit [di pozit] депозит, вклад в банке
A WOMAN OR A WITCH?
People used many kinds of tests to determine whether a woman was a witch. For example, they looked for moles, scars, or other marks on the woman’s body where a pin could be stuck without causing pain. Such devil’s marks were said to be places where the devil had touched the accused woman. Devil’s marks also included birthmarks. In another test, people tied the suspected woman’s aims and legs and threw her into deep water. If she floated, she w’as considered guilty of being a witch. If she sank, she was innocent.
to determine [di'te’.min] определять, устанавливать mole рединка
scar шрам
pin булавка
to stick (stuck) вонзать, вкалывать, втыкать
to cause pain причинять боль
accused [9'kju:zd] обвиняемый
birthmark ['bo:6ma:k] родимое пятно
suspected [sos'pektid] подозреваемый
to float держаться на поверхности (не тонуть) guilty ['gilti] виновный
to sink (sank; sunk) тонуть innocent finosant] невиновный
smorow?
>ck in the
Duld you dd you ht, how
THE MYSTERIOUS NUMBER FOUR
Some people will never start a trip on a Friday, especially if it is the 13th day of the month. Friday and the number 13 are both associated with bad luck But in Japan it is believed that the number 4 is unlucky. This is because shi, the Japanese word for that number, sounds like the Japanese word that means death. As a result, many buildings in Japan have no fourth floor.
bad luck неудача, невезение
ABRACADABRA
The ancients had a mystic wTord, abracadabra", which they wrote on a small piece of parchment and wore it around their necks. Thus the person was protected
against evil spirits. But it had to be written in the form of
a triangle, like this:
abracadabra
fsebreko'daebro]
ABRACADABRA BRACADABR
Lt?
у, what ake up'
FROM THE HISTOHY OF PAPER MONEY
The first paper money appeared in China, probably during the 600’s AD. The Italian trader Marco Polo travelled to China in the 1200’s and was surprised to see
магическая формула; бессмыслица
the ancients ['einjents] древние народы, особ, греки и римляне parchment [paTmont]
R А С A D А В А С A D А С A D А
пергамент
to protect [pra'tekt] защищать evil ('i.vl] spirits злые духи
Speak out
Humour
Imagination was given to man
to compensate him for wha t he is not;
a sense of humour to console him for what he is.
So keep smiling.
An om inous 7
man
|udg(
«/^ftcr a concert, Arthur Rubenstein was approached by a woman who was dragging a nine-year-old boy.
Mr Rubenstein,” she said, “I want
“Madam,” the pianist
“Please, you to hear my son play die piano.”
have time to hear every child play the piano.”
ed until Rubenstein finally agreed to an audition the next day. The little boy, his
pedals, played a Chopin
waltz. When it was over, Rubenstein said, “That is undoubtedly the
worst playing I’ve ever heard.”
to approach [oproutj] подходить; обращаться (к кому-л с просьбой, предложением)
to drag тащить
to persist [po'sist] упорствовать;
настойчиво продолжать
audition [o/difn] прослушивание
barely [ beeli] едва
Chopin waltz [ Jopaen wo:ls] вальс Шопена undoubtedly [лп dautidli] несомненно to give up оставить; бросить
Little League [Irg] детская бейсбольная
лига в США
The mother nodded and said to her son, “You see? So now will
you give up your piano lessons and try out for Little League?”
Wfien George Bernard Shaw was still a young critic he was invited as a guest to a family parly. When he came into the room, the daughter of the host was playing the piano.
“I have heard,” she said very sweetly, turning round to the visitor, “that you are fond of music.”
“I am,” answered Shaw, “but never mind! Go on playing!”
host [houst] хозяин дома
sweetly [ swi:tli] зд. мелодичным, приятным голосом
but never mind! ничего, не обращайте внимания.
farth day,1 of th the ! exch hard
Samuel Johnson was an English writer and the author of the famous
Dictionary of the English
language. Once a gentleman asked him how he had compiled his great dictionary.
He smiled and answered, “Oh, it was like quarreling with my wife — one word led to another.”
to compile [konTpail] составлять
to quarrel [ kworol] ссориться, браниться
One day Robert Burns was walking near the docks. Suddenly he heard a cry for help. He ran towards the
trai
merchant ['mo:t[9nt] купец
Let him alone> Оставьте его в покое.
what his life is worth чего стоит его
жизнь
water. Just then a sailor
jumped off a boat that stood near the dock, began to swim towards the man who was calling for help, and saved him.
The man who was saved was a rich merchant. When he came to himself, he thanked the brave sailor and gave him a shilling.
cen
his
gar Wh like
By this time a lot of people were standing round them. They called the sailor a hero when the rich nan gave him only a shilling. But Burns stopped them and said, “Let him alone. The gentleman is the best ud^e of what his life is worth, о
Hfien Sarah Siddons, the famous English actress, was a girl, her arther, Roger Kemble, strictly forbade her to marry an actor. One lay, however, he was told that his daughter had secretly married one if the actors of his company. The enraged father rushed to punish he guilty ones. “How did you dare to disobey my orders?” he xclaimed, “You’ve married the worst actor in my company, who ached bytardly deserves the name!”
“Please, “So, dear father, your orders have been obeyed’ ’ said the sly lepiano.”oung woman. “As my husband is so poor as a performer, he can ardly be called an actor.”
strictly forbade строго запретил enraged [inreided] разгневанный to punish the guilty ones наказать виновных
to disobey Ldise'bei] не подчиняться, не слушаться
to deserve [drze:v] заслуживать
sly хитрый, ловкий
poor performer плохой исполнитель
м,
^агцайте
Дь; бой, ь.
ие ос Шопена ненно
юбольная
Arthur Conan Doyle, the famous author of detective stories, once came to Paris. He hired a cab at the railway station to go to the hotel.
‘What hotel would you li the cabman.
to hire a cab нанять извозчика
a born detective прирожденный детектив to identify [ai'dertifai] опознавать, устанавливать личность
luggage [ lAgid^] багаж
> to go to, Mr Conan Doyle?” asked
The writer was greatly surprised. “How do you know my name?” he asked.
“Well, it’s simple,” the cabman said. “The other day I read in the newspapers that you would probably visit Paris. Then I noticed	that your suit was made of good English tweed.”
“Wonderful!” said Conan Doyle. You are a born detective!”
“Thank you, Sir,*’ the cabman replied. “But another fact also helped me to identify you.”
“What is it?” asked die writer.
’You see, your name is written on your luggage.”
£
□раниться
ipiled his
< with my
«^/Zark Twain, the famous American writer, was travelling in France. Once he was going by train to Dijon. That afternoon he was very tired and wanted to J
therefore поэтому, по этой причине
to be a very heavy sleeper крепко спать, спать как сурок
do not take any notice не обращайте внимания
calmly [ka:mli] невозмутимо, спокойно
sleep. He therefore asked the conductor to wake him up when they came to Dijon. But first he explained that he was a very heavy sleeper. “I’ll probably protest loudly when you try to wake me up,” he said to the conductor. “But do not take any notice, just put me off the train anyway.”
When Mark Twain woke up, the train was already in Paris.
The angry writer ran up to the conductor and said, “I’ve never been so angry in all my life.”
The conductor looked at him calmly. ‘You are not half so angry as the American whom I put off the train al Dijon,” he said.
покое it его
to swim
he came Uing.
Thomas Gainsborough, one of England’s most famous 18th-century painters, discovered his talent in an unusual way.
As a boy he lived in the country and once, while walking near his father’s house, he saw a thief climb over the wall of neighbowAs
saw a thief climb over the wall увидел, как вор карабкается по стене likeness [laiknis] сходство; портрет
garden. Не had a look at the man, went back home and was able to draw a good likeness of the thief. When Tom’s father heard the story and saw the picture, he took it to the police at once. It was such a good likeness that quite soon the thief was caught and punished.
Answers
HALLOWEEN
10. F
2. 1. custom 2. magic 3. cat
Abraham ['eibrohaem]
Anthony ['aenteni]
Basil ['baezl]
David [deivid]
Douglas [dAglos]
4. turf 5. fortune telling
6. ghost 7. torch 8. holes
9. spirits 10. superstition
11. night 12. turnip
13. pumpkin 14. notorious
15. Samhain 16. nuts
17. supernatural 18. light
19. thimble 20. eve
Gilbert [ gilbet] Graham [greiom] Howard [ haued] Isaac [aizok] Jacob [ d3eikeb] Jerome [d3O'roum] Leo [li:ou] Rodger [rod39] Sean [Jon]
3. 1. broomstick
2.	goblin
3.	druid
4.	Halloween
5.	witch
6.	pumpkin
7.	skeleton
8.	prank
9.	ghost
10.	bonfire
Stephen ['sti:vn]
Thomas ['tomes]
FUN WITH "CHALLENGED "
1) i 2) e 3) d 4) a 5) h
6) b 7) f 8) c 9) g
LANGUAGE CLUB________
BLENDS
a)	magazine + catalogue;
b)	advertisement + editorial;
c)	information + commercial;
d)	guess + estimate;
e)	stagnation + inflation;
f)	situation + comedy;
g)	helicopter + airport;
h)	television + book
PRONUNCIATION CLASS
OPPOSITES
unpleasant; dishonest; insane impatient; illegal; unfriendly; inconvenient; illogical; to undress; to mispronounce; irregular; impersonal
A FORGETFUL TOURIST
(c); (a); (e); (b); (d).
FABULOUS CREATURES
1. sphinx 2. mermaid 3 siren
4. harpy 5. centaur 6. triton
THE AWFUL FATE OF MELPOMENUS JONES
Ill the days that followed he was moody and unapproachable. He lived, of course, entirely in the drawing-room, and the lack of air and exercise began to tell sadly on his health. He passed his time in drinking tea and looking at the photographs. He would stand for hours gazing at them, talking to them, sometimes swearing bitterly at them. His mind was visibly failing.
At length the crash came. The illness was terrible. He recognized no one. At times, he would start up from his bed and shriek “Well, I think... Another cup of tea and more photographs! More photographs! Har! Har!” and then fall back upon the pillow with a horrible laugh.
At length, after a month ol agony, on the last day of his vacation, he passed away. They say that when the last moment came, he sat up in bed, and said with a beautiful smile, “Well — the angels are calling me; I’m afraid I really must go now. Good afternoon.”
And the rushing of his spirit from its prison-house was as rapid as a hunted cat passing over a garden fence.
QUIZ ______	 ____________ ________ 
1.	1. dwarf	2. vampire	3. brownie 4. poltergeist
5.	witch	6. ghost	7. troll	8. fairy
2.	1. a 2. b 3. a 4. c 5. a 6. b
3.	l.F 2. T 3. T 4. F 5. T 6. F 7. T 8. F 9. F 10. T
129515 МОСКВА A/Я 33”Д” (095) 290-51-84, 291-85-69
Мы работаем по системе развивающего обучения Д.Б.Эльконина - В. В. Давыдова
Научный руководитель — доктор психологических наук, профессор, академик РАО Васильевич Давыдов
•	КУРСЫ ПЕРЕПОДГОТОВКИ, АВТОРСКИЕ СЕМИНАРЫ, КОНСУЛЬТАЦИИ
•	УЧЕБНИКИ И МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ ПОСОБИЯ
•	ВИДЕОМАТЕРИАЛЫ
•	КОМПЬЮТЕРНЫЕ ОБУЧАЮЩИЕ ПРОГРАММЫ
•	ДИАГНОСТИКА ГОТОВНОВНОСТИ К ШКОЛЕ
•	ВЫЕЗДНЫЕ СЕМИНАРЫ И ЭКСПЕРТИЗЫ