JI. H. CU,-I\tt OH e H I-tO
HCKYCCTBO HA YPOKAX
PYCCKOfI JIHTEP A.TYPbI
B 4-8 KJIACCAX
..
" "
......
.....
.L4j
. ...
f-.
.f.L-"

\-
....
I , 1 .' /://, ·
I '
 1/ ,_
.. 
"i
l.
. \  . r
i\\
,' It
,,-
t
I  I
I' I,
.
.
" "  )
-
I 1 ..' J ". ,1 1. ) " \:_ \ I,   i 1 t b ' ""
I>. " " ]'"> ...I >4..:>j1:-\\ , :?(s,
! ., 1. ". , \ .L . 1'" -: -=:-...:;;,,,: '1t....
, .' - y, " ".. . !: - . 
I ' - I \ f' ' . . '''1 . . . J '
y.:f . " iIi  _ \ So . ':, j t _ ".. '.  \ I
I '" t , \  ""1  " - '. -. ,: " " -, \
I ( \:,' .: t, .' . .... \ "':0: _ , . ", I .....". - ,
, \ \  . . .-___'  (  .. : I I - , .
- - - ..(Ili ,,', '--' I .
':' :,:"....;t  :'I:  -:'- .: I'   \ \t , ...' ,
L' i ' ,,!..' ' ;' "i t' -, \ ..... # ,
, .' I"  .i ' \ ' , \ 'j,
" l I r. '''IJ'' ,,'  \." ...
.  I .,".. ." .. J I ':--
. ,j I I ' T'"
. .,. 1........._ II
...... ,
Ii' . -' \I "/,
r ', "1./1' ",. 'I l
I "j"' ,. \, \' '.<:! ' d  .'tt
, I '\'
, I .
,I If '
" 't i' I I ...", I' ,.;
_ / \ \ "J" " l
, " I f;- '" t I I , ' t
, \. 
;' \
I,
J
1
" t1
 4
'(' -
.
. '
i "--
----- '". J , ' \ .. \ .
f l ' \.!.rlt
\ :' '. I,
I. ,.
'.' ,\.
,
,  ..'I, \' ;
 .}'  \\\:
\ "t :'1' I "j'
,  Ij I' \
 r.' ,.) I ' I, ,
..  I '
'. " .,
 k ' . ....J. \ , ' ,
"',Y " .'
'\ ' ,'  ';<
)........... '
> ...' -...
:  ,,-- -!'--
 '__ 1
1 ,"-  -... ..... - ·
""':z.. - ' .. ,. . 'J .
}  ;r. i' "'"
, &.p(  _ __,_:' _ ,< ....',....4.:. _
... . --:--- . .. III  ... ,. .  . :
\ I\
J  \\
, '
I I  ,.
.... J ,
\ I' I
III 
t ..  \Y"
\-.. ' \\
. J  (
i
,3 ,11
. ;. / /' I
I  I I '(
,
". ',1
. ,'+ Mf
-; V
......
I)'
': j . I 
\1 · , . 
. ',( '\ I (
·  , \\ .;.\1 ...... 7
 t. .. '
(
 .
; .

"'
"
.
....

".
4
"
""
.

'I
..
.

....
-,
/
..,
\
/'
.,

r
I
I,
,
;'


"
'.
"
.
I'
I
I: .
.',
"
\
"
r'
I :
..
/
41
,
.
"

Jl. H. CHMOHEHKO
MCRYCCTBO HA YPORAX
PYCCHOtI JIMTEP A TlPbI
B 4-8 HJIACCAX
,.
H3,l(ATEJIbCTBO «PAj:\RIICbKA mKOJIA,.
KHEB-1914

8(07)
C37
.OOo6peHo K U3iJalf,ulO
MUHuClepc180J.f. IlPQceeU{eH.u!l
JllCpauH£lCOi1 CCp
8 npeJIJIaraeMoA KJ1nre BBTOp nOKa3blBBeT,
K8K flCnOJIb30BaTb npH H3YQeHHH TBOpttrCTBB
nYWKHlla, J]epMoHToBa, roronR, HeKpacoBa,
rOpbKoro, MaSlKoBcKoro, <l>alleeB8 H JIpyrHx
nHCBTeJIeii npOH3Ben.eHHSI >KRBOnHCH, rpaHKH,
cKYJlbnTYPLI, MY3blKH, KHHOHCKYCCTBB.
KIIHra OKaX{er 3HattHTeJIbHYIO nOMOllJ.b yqH-
TeJlSlM, PYKOBO.ilHTeJlSlM KPYX<KOB H306pa3H-
TeJIbIlOro HCKYCCTBB B 9CTeTHQeCKOM BocnHTa.
IIHH nOJIpacTaio[llero nOKOneHJUI.
PYKonHCb peu.eJ13HpORann: .
KaHIl.. ne,!l. HaYK B. CaeeHKO,
HucneKTop-MeTO,Z1HCT
MlnlHCTcpCTBa npOCBellleHHSI YCCP
J7. non09a,
3BCJlY>Y.('Huafi YtlHTe.1blUfU8 YCCP /1. lJat1l(.a
ytIIITe.'1blllfua O. IJpud.4fQIC.
X APbKOBCKA5J I(HH>KHASI
A5PHKA«KOMMYHHO
065-121
C M210 (04)-74 336-74
@M3 A aTeJlbCTBO cPaltHRCbKa nrJ<OJT:1:'. t 974
.

BBEl{EHHE
XXIV cne3J1 Knee BbUIBHHYJI rpa1l.llH03HblH nJlaH npe-
o6pa30BaHHH oOllleCrB3 lIa KOMMYHHCTHtJeCKHX ua l Ianax,
Y,l{eJIHH npH 9TOM 60.'1bllJOe BHHMaIIHe BceCTopOHHeMY pa3-
13HTIIIO tJCJIOBeKa. B npOrpaM1.le Knee non.ttepKHBaeTC>l,
lITO B YC..'10BHf1X nepeXOlla K KOl\J1YHH3MY TBoplleCKaH .neH-
reJIbHOCTb no Bcex OOJlaCTHX KY,,'IbTypbI CTaHeT oco6eHHO
JIJ10JI.OTDOpHOH H 1I.0cTynHoH n...T1H Bcex tJJ1eHOB 06l.l.1-eCTBa II
«XYJI.O}KeCTBeHHoe Ha4aJIO ell{e OOJ1ee OJl.YXOTBOPHT TPY.lt,
)'KpaCHT ObIT II o6J1arOpOHT lIeJ10BeKa» 1.
3CTeTHQeCKOC BocnHTaHHe KaK COCT3BHan tlaCTb KOMf\ty-
HHCTHIICCKoro BocnHTaHHH CTpOHTCH lJa npHHytune KOMl\fYlIH-
CTHl.IeCKOJ u l nn.efIHOCTH, BbITel{alOw.eM 113 M3pKCHCTCKO-JIeHHn-
CKoro t.tHpOB033peHHH, KOfYHHCTHlleeJ{oro H!leaJIa H HpaH-
CTBeHHOCTH.
STOT npHIIUHn onpe.neJlHeT tlJOplbl H MeTO,l!bl BOCI1HTa-
TeJlbHOH pa60Tbl, no.n.60p nocnlITaTenbHWX cpeJ],CTB, xapaK-
Tep HX HCI10JIb30H3II 1IS1. OH npOHH3blBaeT BCIO aTMoc<l>epy
}I{H3HH " ObrTa VlIalllHXCSI.
B COBeTCKo'h IllKOJle CJ10mHJIHCb onpe.ae.naHHble cpOpMbl
II MerOJ(bl 3CTeTH4eCKoro BocnHTallHH, KOTopble OXB3Tl>IBalO r
Bee 3BellbSl YlIeonO-BocnHTaTenbHOH paOOTbl LUKO,t1b1: ypOKH
no YQC6HbIlvl J],HCUHnnHHaM, I<YJ1bTYPY nODeJ],eHHSI Y4alllHXCH,.
BHeKJIaCCHYIO H BHeWKo,nbHYIO .n.eHTeJlbHOCTb. KYJ1bTYPHb(ii
ocyr. BeCb YI{JI8.z:t llIKO..'JbllOH >KH3HH J],OJI}KeH co.neffCTOO"
BaTb BocnHTaHHIO y Jlereii 3CTeTHlIeCKOrO BKyca, HalfHlIaH or
O(OpMJIeHHSI IllKOnbHOro 3j{aHHSI, y6paHcTBa WKOJlbl, BHem.
Hero I3liJ],a Y4HTeJIH H T. D.. Ho OCHOBOH 3CTeTHtleCKOrO BOC-
nHTaHHS1 HlJnHeTCSI HCKYCCTBO, KOTopoe D WICOJ1e HaHOOJIee
llIHpOKO npeJ].CTaBJleHO JIHTepaTypOH.
I nporpaMMa KOMMYHHCTHlIeCKoil n8pTHH CoseTCKoro COf038, M.;
rOCnOJlHTH3A8T. 1961. CTp. 130,
3

PaCCMaTpHBBSJ HB.neHHH ..TJHTepaTypbl H HCKYCCTBa, YttH-
TeJlb .lI.OJ1}KeH OueHHBaTb HX C napTHHHbIX; KJIaCCOBbIX n03H-
UH rL OC06eHHO Ba>KHO Bbl.n.ep>KHBaTb 9TOT nOltXol1 npH
3H3JIH3e TBOplleCTBa ,l10peB0J1IOUHOHHbIX XYJJ.O}KHUKOB.
l\\bICJ1b B. H. J1eHHHa 0 lIaJ1H\lHH JI.BYX KynbTYP B KYJIbType
KaJK,aOH 6YPJKya3HoH H31{HH 6y.n.eT CJI)'>KHTb BepllblM OpHeH-
THpOl\'l B pa60Te Y4HTeJIH-C.TJOBeCHHKa. Bonpoc COCTOI1T B TOr.l.
tJTo6bl HaMTH OpMbl Ii ¥eTOllbl HJI.eHHO-3CTeTHQeCKOrO BOC".
nHTaHH5I, naHTH nYTH cfJOptHpOBaHH y IllKOJ1bIlI1KOB DbICO"
Koro xy.n.O}l{eCTBeHHoro BKyca, H3blCKaTb cpe.nCTBa 3fOUHO"
Ha.J1bHOro pa3BHTHH.
B 9TOM KHHre aBTOp nOKa3blBaeT, KaK 1\10)l(HO YBH3aTb
allaJ1H3 JIHTepaTypHoro npOH3Be.n.eHHH C xapaKTepHCTHKOH
)){HBOnMCH, MY3LIKH, KHHO H .npyrnx BHJI.OB HCKYCCTBa onpe-
}1.eJ1eHHOrO nepHo,na, BblCKa3blBaeT HeKOTopbIe MeTO)lH4eCKHe
C006pa>KeBHH, peKOMeH.n.yeT 1rlaTepnaJ1 \ KOTOpblH nOl\iOmeT
YllHTeJllO HarJ1H,rI,HO paCKphlTb cneUH<l)HKY Ka>KJJ.oro BHJl.a
HCKyccTDa, ClleJIaeT YP HH,TepeCllee. Kp01Vle Toro, no,aalOTCH
CBe,aCHHH H3 TBop4eCKoH (fJlOrpacl>uH DblJI.aIOI.I.lHXCSI nMcaTe..
.TJCi'I, n09TOB, xy JlOJKHHI{OB
B KHHre no,npo6no paCCMaTpHB::t10TC5I YCTHoe n03THQeCKOe
TBOptleCTBO, «C.TJOBO 0 nOJlKY I1ropene», TBOpqeCTBO Kpyrr-
HeHlllHX nHCaTeJlefl H n09TOB: A. C. nYIllKHHa, M. 10. J1ep..
MOHTOB3, H. B. rOrOJ1H, I I. A. IIeKpacoBa, A. lv\. rOpbl{OrO,
B. B. MaSJKoBcKoro, A. A. <I>a}1.eeBa. ABTOp YDH3bIBaeT xy.
,nO}f{eCTBeHHbJe npoH3Ben,eHHH C npo1l3Be,aeHHHMH CMe>KHbIX
BH,aOB HCK)"CCTna, 6J1H3KHMIf no TCMaTHKe H HlleHHo-9cTeTH-
tleCKOMY co.n.epmaHHIO. 9Ta CBH3b r.IO>KeT oCYll1.ecTBJ1HTbCH
B .n.BYX HanpaBJlenHHx. nepnoe HanpaBJ1eHHe - HCTOpHQec..
I{oe. 113YQaSl JIIITepaTypHbIH M8TepHaJl onpen.eJ1eHHOrO HCTO-
pH4ecKoro nepHo,aa, "'IO>KHO 3HaKOMHTb Y4alllHxcH C npoH3-
nCD.eHHHMH apxHTeKTypbl, H306pa3HTeJIbHOrO, npHKna,aHoro
HCKYCCTBa, MY3bIKH, o6H3aTenbHo yqUTblBaH D03pacTHbie
oco6ellilocTH Ii ypOBeHb no.n.rOTOBKH .n.eTeit. BTOpblM HanpaB-
JIellHeM HBJ.lSleTCH 3HaKOMCTBO H8 ypoKax c npo H3Be lleHHHl\ili,
.
C03,aaHHbIMH no CIO>KeTaM nHTcpaTypHblX npOH3Be.lJ.eHHH Hnlf
OpralIHQeCKH CBH3aHllblMH C >KH3HblO H TBOpqeCTBOM IIX
aBTopoB.
DOJlbUJOe BHH1\iaHHe B WKOJIbllOH nporpaMMe y.lleJIHeTCH
TBOptleCTBY A. C. nYWKHna. l-i3YQalOTCft ero np03aH4ec-
KHe npOH3Be.n.eIIHSI, JllIpH4eCKHe CTHXOTBopeHHfl. n033HH
A. c. nYWKHHa B.lI.OXHOBJ1HJ1a Mllornx BeJIHKHX XYllO>KH111{OB
npolll.'10rO Ii HaCTOHIlterQ. C03,aaHo 60JIbIIIOe KO..T}HqeCTBO
4

u
neJIHKO.rlenHbiX xy Ojl{eCTBellllbIX TBOpellHH Ha nYUIKHHCKHe
Tel\lbl. Ha npHMepe nYWKMHCKOfl n0331111 H np03b1 MO)l{HO
OqeHb HpKO npOAeMOHCTpHpOBaTb CBH3b J1HTepaTypbI C llPY"
rHMH BH)J.aMH HCKyecTBa.
5eccnopHO, Ha ypOKax JIHTepaTypbI HeB03MO}KHO AaTb
33KOHQeHHYlO CHCTeMY 3HaHHH no HCKYCCTBY, HO HaytlHTb I1a
KOHKpeTHblX llpHl\tepax IIOHHMaTb H JII0611Tb ero - OllHa 113
na)KHeHIlIHX 3a,[(a q YtlHTeJIH-CJlOBeCHHKa.
B 4-5-x K.,1accax ytlUTeJIb, HanpHMep, fO}l{eT n03H3KO-
tHTb .lI-eTefI C OTpblBK8f\fH H3 onep Ii. PU?\-lcKoro..KopcaK08<:1,
n. 4aHKoDcKoro, M. MycoprcKoro, OO'LHCIlHTb o6mYlo HIITO-
lIau,HIO MY3blKaJlbHbiX l\ieJIOllHH H o6pa30B. B cTapUIHx KJIaC-
cax IO}l{HO I10pytU1Tb yqalllIiMCH nO.ll-rOTOBHTb ,LlOI<.rI aA, B
KOTOpOM aHaJIH3HpOBal1cb 6w H conOCTaBnHJIHCb HTepa-
TypHbIe, MysblKaJIbllble H }KHDOnHCIIble o6pa3bl.
ABTOp He npeTeH,ltyeT H8 HCqepnLIBalOwee H BceCTopon-
nee ocnellleuHe Bcex paccMaTpHBaer.fblx B p860Te BonpocoB.
Ue.,TIb ,ltaHHOH KHHrH - nOMOlib Y4HTe.,1Io B npou.ecce pa60Tb
Ha,[( J1HTepaTypHblM npoH3Be,[(eHHeM HCnOJlb30BaTb no Mepe
B0310}KHOCTH pa3JIHlIUbIe BH,Llbl HCKyccfBa.
npe.l(..TJ8raeMbIH l\laTepH8JI no HCKYCCTBY J10BOJlbIl0 061II11-
peH. YqHTeJlb 1r10>KeT nOJIb30naTbCH H:\1 no cBoeMY YC10Tpe-
111110, HCXO,LlH H3 KOJIH4ecTBttacOB, OTBeJI.eHHbIX Ha l1alluYlo
TeMY. B pH.Lle CJIyq8eB cOBeTye1 HCnOJIb30naTb peK01\ 1eH .!lO-
BaHBbIii rvlaTepHaJI IIa ypoKax p83BHTH5! petlll, BHeK.naCCIILIX
33HHTI1HX. TCl\I3Tl1l1eCKHX Bellep8x Ii T. .
11TaK, B pacnopHmeHHH ytlHTeJlH 60raTblH apceHan pa3-
JlHtlHbIX Cpel1CTB, KOTopble cnoc06cTBYIOT rJIy6oKoIY H Bce..
Cl0poHHeMY YCBoeHHlo JlllTep8TypHOfO M8TepHaJIa. O.ll-HHl\1
H3 HHX eCTb xyomecTBeHHoe IITeHHe. OHO Bbl3blBaeT y AC-
TeH OLJeHb CHJIbHble H HenOcpe.l(CTBeHHble nepeLKHBaIlHfl.
A. 1\\. rOpbKH11 BcnOMHHaJl, qro OH BnepubIe np04HTaB CTH-
Xli A. C. nYWKHHa, 6b[JI nOpa)KeH HX KpaCOTOH H CUJIoiI:
«nYWKI1H ,LlO Toro YJlHBHJI MeHH npOCTOTOil 11 1t-IY3bIKOH CTIi-
xa. liTO n.OJlfOe BpeMH np03a Ka3aJlaCb Mite HeeCTeCTBeIlHoii
II ItHTaTb ee 6b1JIO HeJIOBKO. npoJlor K «PycnaHY» HanOMHHaJI
Mile nyttWHe CK83KH 6a6YWKH, qy,[(eCHO C)K8n UX B O,lI.UY. a
lIeKOTopble CTpOKH H3YMJISlJlH l\feHH eBoeM LJeK8HHOii
IIp ao .II. ofI :
TaM, Ha HeBeJ].oMblx .D.OpO>KKaX
CJ1e.ll.bJ neBH,!18HUblX 3sepeil-
MLICJleHHO nOBTOpHn H tlY,lleCHble CTpOKH H BH,neJI 9TH. OqeHb
311aKOMbJe MHe, e,l{Ba 3aleTHble TpOnbl, BHeJl TaHHCTBeHlIhle
5

.
c.neJII>I, KOTOpbl'-flf npli1HTa TpaB8, eute He CTPHXUYBlllaH
Ka neJJ b pOCbJ, TH}I(CJIbIX, KaK PTYTb. nOJIH03BytlHbIe CTpOKH
CTHxon 3anOMHllaJlHCb YAJlBHTCJ1bIlO JlerKO, YKpamaH npa3]t-
HHtlHO Bce, 0 qeM rOBOplfJl H OBH; 3TO ,neJIaJIO fvleHS1 CqaCT-
¥ .
JlHBbl!\-J, >KH3Hb MOIO - nerl{OH Ii npHSlTHOH, CTliXH 3ByqaJlH,
)<8K 6,,1aroneCT HOBOM >KH3HH» '.
J1HTeparypHble npOII3Bel\eUJlst, H3Yllael\fbJe B WKOJIe, o6sr-
3aTeJlbHO 110JJ}I<HbI npOtlHTblB8TbCst yqHTeJIeM Ha ypOKe.
1,1 qeM BbJpa3HTeJIbHee OIlH 6Y.llYT npOlIHTaHbl, TeM rJlY0}l\e
nORt.tYT IiX l1eTH, npOHJiKHYTCSl HX. CO)1.ep>l<aHHeM.
lia YPOKBX JIHTepaTypbl, yqaWJlecSI KaK MO}l{HO qal1\
,non >KJI bJ C.1JYW3Tb npOH3De.neHHH B HCnOJIlIeHHH MaCTepOR
xYJJ.O>KeCTBeJlHOrO IlTeHHS1 (B. Ka'laJIOBa, A. OCTY>KeBa,
B. 5IxoHToBa, H. I1JIbHHcKoro II .ltp.).
J 1\\. r 0 p b K H it. Coop. COq. B 30 TOMBX. T. 13, M.. rOCJlHTH3..'18T,
1951, CTp. 349.

CR1\, 31\ll GblJIII HbI, nOCJTOBII[(hI, nOronOPltlI
C YCTHb)f n03THqeCKH1 TBOpqeCTBOf Y'Iall(HecH 3naKO"
1\fHTCH B 4 KJlaCce. 1\\y}[{eCTBeHHb(C repoH CKa30K H 6bIJlHlI
nOJluYIOT IIlKOJIbHHKOB Dh!COKHM cTpoeM lJeJIOBelJeCKHX qYBCTB
H CTpeMJleHHH, <pOp1\iHPYIOT HpaBcTseHHblH Ii 3CTeTHqeCifJ
HAeaJl. YCTHaH HapoAHaH n033HH Hcpa3pbIBIIO CnJIeTaeTC5I C
npoH3neeHHHMH PyccKoA HaponHo H KnaCCHQeCKOA MY3W"
KM, napo.!I.HOrO H306pa311TCJ1bHOrO HCI{yccTBa, JI.peBHeH apxH-
TeI{TypbI.
80 BCTynHTeJlbHolI 6ecee no H3ytICHHI0 YCTIIOfI Hapon:-
1I0H n033HH YllHTeJIb paCCI{a3bIBaeT YlJaw.IIl\ICH, liTO napo:\
c03lI-aeT He TOJIbKO 3a1\felfaTeJIbHble JIHTCparypHbIe npOIl3"
BeAeHHH, HO H 1\IY3bIKY, nCCHH, BhIlllHBI{I1, T{Onpbl,
nocy.l1Y, HrpYIIIKH, 1\1eOCJIb, YI{parnellUYIO pe3bOOH Ii HlIK-
at
PYCT8l(HeH.
MOJKHO nOKa3aTb y t laWJI1\fCfl lIeKOTOpbIe 06pa3IlhI H3po,a..
Horo I1CKYCCTBa, npe)J.JIO}KHTb H\'1 COUlfpaTb xYJtO>KeCTBeHllhle
penpOJIYKUHH. PeKOl\'1eHJtyet YtJUTeJIIO no.n.oopaTb 1{(UfrH t,
HOl\fepa >KypHa.na «,LLeKopaTMBIloe HCKYCCTBO CCCP», r,rr,e
HMelOTCH HpKHe H Bblpa3HTeJlbHbIe CHHMI{H I1peAIeTOD D.eKO-
paTHBHO-npHKJ1aD.IJOro JICKYCCTDa. 3TO l\fO)I{UO nCn0J1b30naTb
KaK HJI.i'IIOCTpaTHBIIbIH MaTepHa..rJ, nOl\fOraIOlll.Hfl JlYlfwe
3aI<penHTb XYJI.OlKeCTBeHllbIe 06pa3bl YCTHOil n033HH.
4-" KJlacc. B 4-1\'1 K.nacce no npOrpaMl\'1e H3Y4aloTcH lI.Be
CKa3KIi - «HBaH - KpecTLHHcKUiI CLIB II qy.n.o-IO.!lo» II «Ua.
peBHa"JlHrywKa». B nepDOn >Ke oece.n.e 0 CK33Kax Ha..rtO llL["
CHHTb, KaI<Be CKa3KH .n.eTH 3BaIOT, Ka I<He 113 HlIX 111\-1 OCO-
6eHHO HpaBHTCH Ii nOtJe{y. \O}[{IIO npeA,,'10}KHTb IJII{OJlbHH-
KaM paCCKa3aTb TY HJIB nnylO CKa3KY. nOCTenenlIO oecella
.
nepeHJteT B paCCKa3 YIIUTeJIH 0 CKa3J{e, 0 TOf, nOtleIY ona
TaK Ha3blBaeTCR H T. 11. CK33Ka )I<HBCT B HapOAe 6JIaro.n.apH
I B. H. III par H H. 0 ,neKoparlfBHo-npHK.'1a,'1.HOM HCKYCCTBC, M.,
«3HaHHe», 1963.
7

CKa30tJHnRal\f, ROTOpbTe C03JI.aIOT ee It paCnpOCTpaHRIOT.
MO}KHO nOKa3aTb nOpTpeTbJ H3BeCTHbIX CKa30'tlHHKOB H. Ce.
l\feHOBa, A. BapbIWHHKOBOH, '\. rO..'1y6KOBOH.
enaTenbHO paCCKa3aTb eTHM 0 TOM, qTO YCTHOe Ha-
pOHOe TBOpqeCTBO BblCOKO UeHH&I'IH TaKHe Xy,ltO}KHHKH CJlO-
Ba, KaK A. C. nymKHH, I-I. A. HeKpaCOB, A. M. rOpbKHH.
A. C. nYlliKHII JlIOOOBHO COOHpaJl PYCCKHe napo,nHbtC
CKa3KH, 3annCbtRa.7J HX, B Jtonrne 3HMHHe BetJepa C YB..'1ette-
HneM CJJyn13J1 CKa3KH HHHH ApHHbI PO,ltHOHOBHb1. BMeCTe c
KJlaCCOM 1\fO>KIIO BcnOMHHTb CKa3KH nO.9Ta {«O pbloaKe Ii
pbIOKe», «0 30JIOTOM neTymKe», «0 nape CaJlTaHe», «0 cnH-
meH uapeBne II ceMH 60r3TbTpHX» H 11p.}.
A. M. rOpbl{HH HanHC3n HeCKonbKO CKa30K !tanS! .lI.eTeH
(«BOpOObHWKO», «CaMOBap» If lI.p.).
YTIHTeJlb Bblpa3HTeJlbIlO H 9fOUHOnaJIbHO ttHTaeT CKa3KY
«DapeBHa"JlHrYWKa», npOBonHT oecell.Y 0 ee con.ep>KaHHH,
nOTOl\1 Y1JenHKH non ero PYKOBO.ltCTBOM COCTaBJIHIOT nJIan
CK33KH, paOOTJOT nan ee fl3bTK01-.f. lIeTH 3anOMHHalOT rJTaB-
HhIX repoeB, onncbTBaroT OCHOBHble COt5bITHH CKa3KlI, onpe,lte"
.I'IHIOT ee rJlaBHblIf Cl\lbtCJI. OHH t5e3 3aTpYlI.HeHHH pa311.eJIHIOT
u
)1eHCTBYlOmHX JIHU Ra nOJIO>KIfTeJlbIlbIX If OTpHuaTeJIbHbIX,
OTJ\fCqaJOT npeKpacnbTe QeJlOBe1JeCKHe KaqeCTBa J1naH3..uape-
DI-flla H BaCJfJlHCbl npe{Yl1pOrl, HX OOpbt5y CO 3JIOM (Kamen
BeccMepTHMA) H no6ey HaR HHM. K KOHny pa6oT@ Han
CK33KOH (H3 TpeTbef YPoKe), KOr,lta Y1JaIItHeCH Y>Ke xopomo
6Y]{YT opHeHTHpOBaTbCH B ee COlIep>KaHJtH H «popMe, "{OmHO
nOKa3aTb penponYKuJtH C KapTHII B. Bacneuona «UapeBHa-
JlHrYlIIKa» H «KaIll.e" BeccMepTHbTH». «t.ITeHHe» RX pa3BIt-
naeT lie TO,,'1bKO pe1Jb, HO It 9CTeTHqeCKOe MbJlliJIeHHe. OqeRb
na>KIJO npH 3TOM c<fJoP{HpOBaTb y neTeil YCTOH1JHBbIH HHTe-
pee K mHBonHCH, HayqHTb pa3JIH1JaTb xy.nO>KeCTBeHHo"H30-
opa3HTeJTbHble cpecTBa >KJtBonHCHoro H cnOBeCHoro npoH3-
II'
eJIeHHH.
B Haqane oeCeJI.bT HeooxoIlHMO OO'bHCHIITb Y1JaIl{HMCH, 1fTO
03Ha t laeT CJTOBO penpollYKUHH. Bece.rr.y, pacctlHTaHHYIO Ha
'15-20 fHHYT, MO)l{HO nponCTH npH"iepHo no T3KOMY nna..
IIY: 1. KpaTKHH paCCKa3 ytlHTeJl 0 XYlI.O>KHHT{e B. Bacneno-
13e Hero p3UOTe na,n KapTHHaMH Ha CK8301JHble CIO>KeTbl.
2. AHanH3 KapTHH.
B oeceJ1e cJleyeT pacKpbITb Jt.rr.eHlTo..xYltO>KeCTBeHHYJO
0J1H30CTb KapTHH co cKa3KoH. T-IatJMHaTb Ha1l.0 C Ot5b11JHLIX
H npocTMx BonpocoB: KaKHX repoeB H3 CK33KH BY BH.lI.HTe
Ita penponYKUHX? fne npOHCXO.lI.HT .nei1:cTBHe?
8

Yqaw.HeCfl npaBH.'IbHO OTBeqaIOT. tlTO Ha OJlHOH penpo..
.nYKl.lHII 1I306paJKeHa BaCHJIHCa, TaHl.lYlOaH Ha nHpy, Ha
ApyroH - KaeH C uapeBHOH B MpallHO1 nO3eMeJlbe.
Becb OOJIHK BaCHJlHCbI, BblpaLKeHHe ee JIHI.la, }KeCTbI, Ta-
ueu-, KOTOpbIH OHa HCnOJIHHe1', rOBopHT 0 TO?!, liTO lI-apeBHa
.OLKHBJleHHaH, B pa.n.OCTHOM HaCTpoeHHH. ,QeTH 3aIvleqalOT, tITO
BOKpyr Hee CaeTJIO II npa3AHHllHO.
- fIOlleMY Dbl TaK peWHJ1H?
BeceJIa II HapHt{Ha He TOJIbKO BaCHJIHCa, HO H l'tIY3LIKaHTbI,
DOXHOBeHHO nrpalOlltHe BeCeJIblii TaHel.\. (C nOl\-IOIllblO YtIH"
TeJISI eTH Ha3b1BaIOT I1X lrlYSblKa.llbHble HllcTpyt.leHTbl: ryc-
JIH, uaJlaJIaflKa, pO)KOK).
YllaI.I.J.lleCH nOAl\-lellaIOT, llTO Ha JIHaX MY3bIKaHTOB YJIbIO-
I{II) ry6bl lIanCBalOT BeCeJIbJH MOTHB, cpHrypbI paCKallll-
BalOTCH B TaK'f l\IY3bIKe, a HorH rOTOBbl BOT-DOT nYCTHTbC5I
D nJIHC.
- LITO eI.l.\e C03AaeT BneqaTJICHHe paJ(OCTHoro Ha-
CTpoeHlHl?
BcSl OOCTaHOBKa, oKpY}KaIOIll3H llapeBHY. BaCl1JIl1Ca Tau-
l.lyeT lIa CBeTJloii BepaUAe, YKpallleHHOH pe3HbIMH JlepeBHH-
HbIMlf CToJI6HKaIH H HpKHlH H306paLKeIlHHl\IH nTlll.\, nJIO-
JlOB, HrOJ(. AeTll BHJ(HT 11 JIeCTHHUY, KOTopaH BeeT K o3epy,
U CBeTHl.l.{UeCH OeJIble CTBOJIhI 6epC30K, H TO.TJny npa3.LlHllllHO
OJJ.eTbIX KpeCTb5UI Ha npOTHBOnOJIOLKIIOM 6epery 03epa. OHII
06pa11lalOT BHHlrlaHHe H Ha TO, liTO ,l(aJIeKO-.LlaJIeKO 3a 1136a-
MH H }KeJITeIOllllil'tI 110JIeM BHHa Y3KaH nOJIOCKa TeIHoro
JIeca. 11 Hat{ BCen 3TOfi KapTHHOH paCKHHYJIOCb CBeTJIO-ro.'1Y-
60e He60 C JIeTHIqHIH B HeAt 6eJIbll\iH JIe6e,lI.HlrIH.
- KaKHe aBeTa (KpaCKH) npllMeHHeT >KHBOnHcel.\ JlwlH
c03AaHHH 3Toro pa.n.OCTHoro HaCTpoeHHH?
- 3eCb HCnOJIb30naHbI CBeTJIble KpaCKH, B OCHOBHOl'tI,
TenJIbiX TOHOB: LKeJITaH, OpaU>KeBaS, KpaCHaH, KOpHlIHCBaH.
YqUTew'lb 06paII.\aeT BHHMaHHe KJIaCCa Ha penpO.LlYKI.lHIO
«KaIlleH BeCClvlepTlIblH».
- KTO H30.6pa}Keu Ha KapTHHe?
Ha BblCOKOM TpOHe Cll,aHT BaCHJ1HCa H KaI.l.\eH BeCCM.epT-
HbIit YtIaW-HeCH onHCblBalOT BlleWHHH 06wTJHK, }KeCTbI, o,lI.eJK-
JJ.y apeBHbl H KaIlleH.
- KaKHe l.\BeTa HCnOJIb3yeT Xy.n.O}KHHK, C03,U.aaaH 06pa3
KallleH?
)l(HBonHCel.\ HCnOJIb3yeT KpaCKH XOJIOJI.HbIX TOHOB: 3eJIe-
HYIO, q>HOool'IeTOBYlOt tJepHYfO, cepylO H 9rHM npHAaeT Mpaq-
Hoe 3ByqaHHe lIe TOJIbKO OOJIUKY l(aw.cH t HO H BceH
9

KpTHlle. l4aw.HeCH OnnCLIBalOT OOCTaHOBKY KallleeBa nap-
crDa: OrpOI\'lHble, KOB3 llllble /KeJIe30!\1 CYH.LlYKH C 3aIKa:\-IH H
KJII01JaMH, O,l{HHOKaSl CBeqa, HH3KHe CBOJ].bl I10A3eMe.TIbSl, HB
CTeHax KOTOpOfO B TYCK&l1bIX lIcpHo-cepbIX H CHHe-3eJIeHLIX
TOHax H306pa>KeHO nOJIe, HeHpKoe COJIIllle, lIe60 H 6JIellHbICl
CH.TJY3T .TJe6e,lIJI.
- 4TO XOTeJI CKa3aTb xy,nOLKHHK oopa30I KaIlleH H
OKpY>KaJOll{el1 ero 06CTallOBKoii?
Oo06waSl OTBeTbI ,lleTeH. Y1JHTe..1b .llOnOJIIIHT, qTO
B. BaCIlellOB CTpeMHJICH B oGpa3e TOIlleru, crOp6JIeHHOrO
crapHKa co HCKJIOKOl1eHHOH OOpO.ll.OH, KplOtIKOBaTblf, KaK Y
<pH.'1I1Ha, HOCO:\tI nOKa3aTb 3.710, )KeCTOKOCTb, KOTopwe Ha,110
Y llUqTOjKHTb.
- l(aKI1C IlYBCTBa BbI3blBalOT y HaC BaCH.nHca H
Kamerf?
,QeTH OTBeqalOT, liTO OTllowellHC K HH1 TaKoe }Ke, l<.aK
H ]{ rCpOHl\1 CKa3KH: MbI pa.ll.yelcH, KOf.ll.a I1nall-uapeBHLI
n06CJI.HJJ Kall.{cH H cnac lla peBHY.
- Ho B lJeI\'1 }Ke pa3JIH411e lvIC)K!1Y CKa3KOH H KapTHHoii?
C nOl\10ll.{blO YlIHTeJISI WKOJIbHHKH nOHMYT 9TO pa3JIUQHe:
B C]<831<e 0 C06blTHHX H repoSlx nOBecTByeTcH CJlOBOM, a JKH-
BonHCb H306pa)KaeT 9TH me C06b1THSI JIHHHHIH M KpaCI{aMU
H a nO..'IOTlle.
Ec.nH YlIHTe.nb He H8H.lI.eT penpOJl.)'Kl1.HH C KapTIUI
B. Iv\. BaCIlellona t IIX f\'IOJKIIO 3aMeHHTb HJIJ110CTpaUHSlMH
C. IV\ao/1EOTHHa (<<KameH DCCCl\ICpTHbIH» liol'lH H. DlfJlH6l1I1 a
((UapCBHa-.nnrYUII{a» H «BaCHJIllCa npeKpaCHaSl»). 3JI.CCb
Ha.n.o oupaTHTb BHHMaHHe Y1JaLU.MXCH ua HPKYIO, .lleKOpaTHB-
H}'IO <}>0P1\IY, pYCCKlle 3aTeHJIHBble OpHal\1eHTbl HJlJUOCTpauHH
It DHJIH6HHa. Ii ellI.e OAlla BaiKlIaH oco6eHHocTb HJIJIIOCTpa-
UHll, I<OTOpylO H8,a.0 nO,!lqepKHYTb,- 9TO nepe.n.a1Ja TOIlKoro
JOMOpa, oCTpoil llpOIlHH PYCCKllX CKa30K. MOJKHO 110"
CTaBHTb O,!I.HH-J].Ba Bonpoca, I(OTOPbIC nO10rYT YtJaIUHl\fCSI
nOIIHTb I<Ol\tHlICCKYlO CYHOCTb 06pa30B, C03J(aHlIb1X H. BH-
.n H 6 H II W :\1 :
- Kal{I1Mll 1I306pa3H.n XY.ll.O)KHHK napH H 6oSJp?
YlIall{JiCCSI ,lJ.alOT 3THM 06pa3aM OTpHuaTeJIbHYIO xapaK-
TeplICTHKY. Ha BLiCOKOM TpOHe CHAHT TOel'lCTbIH, Cl\ileWHOH H
r.nynoBaTh) H ua pb, BOl\pyr TaKHe >Ke r JIynble H CleI1JIlLIC
60flpe. PaCK}1blB pTbl OT 1l3Yl\'lJIellHH t CMOTpHT OHM, KaK Tau-
uyeT IIpeKpaCHaH UapeBHa-JISlrYWKa, a H3 pYKaBOB Y Hee
BbJJ1eTaKJT oeJIblC JIeOC,lJ.H.
- A nOLIeMY Dbl peWHJIM, qTO OHM ClrleWHbI H rJIynbI?
10

J{eTH .OTBeqaIOT, tITO 06 3TOl\f rOBopS1T HX Bblpa>KeUHH
nHlJ., >KeCTbI.
nOJIesllo npe,ltJIO>KI1Tb yqaw.HMCH nOJI.rOTOBHTbCfl !lOMa
K YCTHOfY paCCKa3Y IfJIH HallHcaTb He6o,,'1blIIOe COlJHHeJlHC
o cO,Aep>KaHHH Ka pTHllbi. B 3aBlfCHMOCTH OT ypOBHH no.a.ro...
TOBKH Kacca H HaJlHtlH5I BpeleHH COtIHHeJIMe MO>KeT 6blTb
KJ1aCCHbIM HJUI JI.Ol\faIIIHHM. B 4 KJIaCCe HaJI.O o6H3aTeJlbHO
JIa1b nnaB K TaKOl\lY paccKa3Y.
B 3aI{J)JOlJeHHe MOiKlIO nOKa3aTb pe6HT3M .lI.Ha<pHJIbM
«l.{apenHa-JIHryuIKa», KOTOpblH 3pHTeJIbHO 3aKpenHT npeKpac..
HhIe CKa30tIHble o6pa3bl. Bo BpeIH ,lleI'ttOllCTpaUHH nycTb
yqal.UHecSi npOKOltll\-leHTHpYIOT OT,lJ.eJIbHbIe l{at1pbI .l1Ha4JHJ1bMa.
I-IY>KIIO oT06paTb 113 JIHaq>IfJIbM a cal\'lble Bblpa3HTeJIbilbIe
3nH30,lJ,bl, COe,llHHHTb I1X TaK, tITo6bI OIlH COOTBCTCTBOBaJIH
10M u.eJ11f ypoKa, }(OTOPYIO CTaBHT YQHTeJIb, H CTpOl'lJ1HCb 6bf
110 JlI1HHH OT H3BeCTHoro I{ HeM3secTHolvlY, BbI3blBaSi Hapa-
cTalOllU1H HHTcpee Y ,lJ,eTeH. OocoI1e 3HaKOMCTBa co cKa3Koii
«UapeBHa-'HrYluKa» npHltfeprIO no TaKOl\.fY me rIJIauy YlJa-
l.I.{HecH H3Y'IaIOT CI{331<Y «l1naH - KpecTbHIIcKHH ChIH.H (IY,110-
lOl10». Ha ypoJ<ax 10}l{HO nOI<a3aTb no Bb160py Y4HTeJ1H
penpO,llYKlJ.IIH KapTHH B. BaCHeUOBa, 1\.1.. Bpy6enH, IIJ1J110-
CTpali.HH 11. DH.'1H6HH3, E. nO,,'1eHOBOH.
KpoMe Toro, XOpOllIO ObIJIO ObI npocnywaTb H3 «!1eTCKO"
ro aJIbOOla» n. lIaflI{OnCI<oro nbCCY «5a6a 5Ira» - eJI.HII-
CTBeHHoe npOH3Be.lI.eHHe CKa30lJHOrO }({aHpa B aJlb6ole.
06pa3 Ba6bl 5Iru 06b14HO accollHlfpyeTcH C .llpyrHMH OTPH-
uaTe.,'1bHbIMH nepCOHaJKaIH CKa30T{ - Be,n,bMal\'IH, KallleCM
BeCCMepTIlbIM, JIClIIHt H T. JI.., n03TOMY ,lleTH .lI.OBOJlbIlO .nerl(O
onpe,ll.e.TJHIOT MY3blKaJIbHblH 06pa3 BaObl 51 rUe Ho qTOObl OIlM
rJ1y6/Ke ero nOHHJIH. Ha,110 npocJlyrnaTb (10 MHHYT) II cpan-
HIfTb ,ABe 6blCTpblC I!bCCbl «llrpy B T]OLllal1KH» H «Ea6y 51 ry».
IllKOJIbHHKIi 06bl1JHO 001>HCHHlOT npanHJ1bHO: TaM, r.ll.e Ma.,1b.
4HK CKa 1 1eT Ha JIOlIlaJ{Ke, fY3blKa ObICTpaH, 110 pOBllaH, cno-
KOHHaH H BeCeJlan. B «5a6e 5Ire» IY3blKa oecnOKOUH:1H,
0Y,llTO 6a6a 5Ira 6eraeT, 3,,'IHTCH, KHJ1,aeTCfI TO B OJI.HY, TO D
,llpyrYIO CTOPOIlY.
Tef\1Y CKa3KH MO>K}[O yrJly6HTb H JI.OnO.FJHHTb Ha ypOKax
pa3BlfTHH pe4H HJIU BHeKJIaCCHOro ITeHHH.
Ha O,llHOl H3 ypOl<OB BHeKnaCCHoro 4TellHH ytIHTeJIb oSlIa...
KOMIfT yqalll.HXCH C I{JIaCCH1JCCKHMH I\IY3blKaJlbHLIM U npOH3"
Be,lleHHS1MH lIa CKa301JHh1e CIO}KeTbI. Pe6HTaM HHTepeCHO
Y3HaTb 0 TOl\f, 4TO eCTb onepa «KamcH BeccMepTHbl fl»>. Ee
HanHCaJl nepe,n PYCCKOH peBOJIIOli.HeH 1905 rO.lla KOMn03HTop
11

H. PHMCKHH-KopCaKOB. KaureH, O,ZlHH 113 neHTpaJIbHbIX
06pa30n,- lie npOCTO CKa30QHblH nepCOHa>K C OTpHuaTe.TJb-
IibIl\lH 1JepTaMH, OH - OJlHueTBOpeHHe rHeTa, HaCHJlHH. BC5t
MY3bIKa onepbI rrpOHH3aHa OCHOBHOH H!leeR - OCBo6o>KJte-
IIHe OT rHeTa. Hen.apOM, BnepBble nOCTaBJIeHHa51 B MOCKDe,
OHa BbI3BaJla 6yplO OBaI.{HH. peBOTfIOUHOHHbIX JI03YHrOB, H
ny6JIHI<Y y,Qa'151.;1H If3 3aJIa c nOl\fOIUblO nOJ1HI.I.HH.
KOl'ttn03HTOp A. JISI.lI.OB C03,llaJI He60JIblilIfe CHMcj)OHHQec..
KHe nbeCbl «Ba6a 51ra», «KHKHMopa», «BoJIwe6HOe 03CpO»,
OTpblBKH H3 KOTOpbIX MO>KHO npOCJIywaTb Ha ypOKe Blle-
K.HaCCHoro 1JTeHHSI.
Oc06eIIII0 HIITepeCHa OCHOBHa51 qaCTb nbeCbI «DaDa 5Ira»
(4 l\iHH.), r]l.e KOMno3HTop pHcyeT cTpeMHTeJIbHbJH nO.'lei
5a6bI 51 rHo IV\Y3bIKa HanOollllena rneJIeCTHlIl.Hi\-fH H uIyprnaIIJ,H-
MH, CBHCTS1IUIlMH H nOIII.eJIKHBalOIII.HMH SBYKaIH. J1eTH Cal\1'H
v v v
onpeJI.eJI5IT CYXOH, SBOHKHH Ii B TO me BpeM5I rueJIKalOIIJ.HH
3BYK, ]<OTOPhIH C03,[(aeT npe,QCTaBJleHne 0 «KOCTSIHOH Hore».
113YQeIIHC IIa ypOKax nOCJlOBHU, norOBopOI<, 3araJlOK,
" .
OCHOBaHHblX Ha MY3blKaJIbHOH pHTl\iH1JHOCTH, 51pl<OH feTa-
cjJope, Bcer.n.a npOXO,l(HT O>KHBJleHHO. 3TH 1\faJIbIe >Kanpbl
Jlapo,l(IJoro TBOp1JeCTBa B sallHMaTeJlbllOH q,opMe nOMoralOT
u u
I1I1<O.HbHHI<aM OCMhIC.HHTb HBJIeHH5I OKpY>KaIOUleH HX 1I.eH-
cTBHTe.,'1bHOCTH, Bblpa60TaTb 9CTeTU1JeCKOe BUaeHue MHpa.
YLJellHKH OXOTHO 3aYLJHBalOT noc.nOBHUbI, 3arallbIBalOT H pa3-
rajJ.blBalOT 3ara.ll.KH, YCTHO COCTaRJlHIOT 3ara,QKH Ha Telbl,
.llaHHble Y1JHTeJIeM (qaCbl, pa]l.HO, COJlHue H T. JI..), caMH
npH.ll.YMblBalOT HX Ha JII06ble Te:\1bl.
MomBo HCnOJIb30BaTb na a3HHTHH aaran.KI1 B pHCYHKax,
MY3blKaJIbHble npOH3Be.ll.eHHSI, HanpHMep, mYTOQHbJe npH6a-
YTKH, npHCKa3KH (<<BOM, 60M, 601! 3arope..TJCH KomKHH
JlOM!»), a TaK>Ke TeKCTbl, CBH3aHIIbIe C llpeBHHMH ael\'IJle-
.lI.eJIbQeCKHl'v1H 06p5l.ll.aMH H npHpOJtOM (<<MOP03», «,aO)K.lUIK,
IlO>KllHK, H a .lI.H,l{HHY nllIeHHUY» H .lIp.).
B 3TOM 6ece,Qe, KOTopaH BBOJlHT Y1JaWHXCH B pa3HO-
06pa3IIblH MHp HapO.lJ.HOrO TBOp1JeCTna, 1\fO>KI-!O nOKa3aTb 11M
60raTCTBO He TOJIbKO YCTHOH HapO.ZI.HOH n033HH, HO H lleKO-
p a THB HO- rrp HKlI a.ll.Horo HCKyccTBa.
5-" KJlacc. B YCTHOM HapoHoM TBOpqeCTBe oc060e MeCTO
3aHHMalOT 6bl'1HHbl, "3 KOTOpbIX B 5-1\1 KJlaCCe H3yqaeTCH
«HlbSl MYPOl\fe[( Ii C0J1oBeii-pa360HHHK».
Ha nepBOM ypOKe, nOCBHweHHOM ObIJIHHe, yqalUHeCH
npHnoMHllaloT OCIlOBlIbIe ocooeHHocTH cpOJlbKJlOpa, repoeB
CKa30K, HX CTpe1'.TJeHHe K ,!J.ooPY, CnpaBeJI.v'IHBOCTH H cBo6011e.
12

3rOT l'tfaTepHaJI "ymHo YB3aTb C p2CCK2301\1 0 npeBHetl
PYCH, 0 ee H2pOlle t KOTOpbJH BeJI HanpH>KeHHYIO 60pb6y 3a
rBOIO lIe3aDHCH1v10CTb npOTHB MHOrOtIHCJIeHHbIX BparOB H3
BOCTOKe H 3analle, paCCKa33Tb 0 HarneCTBHH MOHr0J10-Ta-
Tap, 0 HapO,l(HOH 60pb6e H OC806o>K.l1.eHHH PYCCKOH 3el\f..rIH.
3TH Ba>KHble 3TanbI HCTOpHH HarneH CTpaHbl OTpa3HJlHCb
B HCKYCCTBe Toro BpeMellH. npH 3TOM H2,l(O nO;U.LJCpKHYTb,
tITO, HeCl\10Tp51 Ha }KeCTOKHfI KOHTpOJIb co CTOpOIlbl I.(epKBH,
.n.peDIIepYCCKHe XY,l(O}KHHKlf, 3011 t IHe, CI<a3 UTeJI II CYMeJI H BbI"
pa3HTb .lI.YX CBoero BpeMeHH, paCKpbITb BbICOKHe naTpHOTH"
qeCKHe H.lI.eH.
B O,lJ,HH H TOT jKe HCTopHtJeCKHH nepHo.n (X-XII DB.)
XY!10iKIIHKH H3 napo.n.a C03J1aJIH npOH3Be.ueHHH, HMelOllllle
HenpeXOJ{.HIUee aCTeTHqeCKOe 3HaqeHHe. 3TO 6brJIHHbI 0
BO.TJbre H MHKYJIe, ,Qo6pbIHe HHKHTHq, HJlbe 1\'\YPOMue t
Ca!1KO H BaCHJIHH BYCJJaeDe, 3TO BbU1.31OlI!HeC5I apXHTeK-
Typllble naMSITHHKH ,l1peBHeH PYCH - COcpHHCKHH co6op B
KHeBe (1037 r.); uepKoBb f1oKpoBa Ha Hep.TJH (1165 r.);
,Q!vIHTpHeBcKHH co6op BO BJIa,lJ,HMHpe (1193-1197 rr.) C Be..
..TJllKOJIenHbIMH CTeHHbIMH pOCnHC5IMH BHYTPH I.
<I>OTO nepeqHCJIeHHblX C060POB MOjKHO BblBeCHTb Ha
,l(OCKe. )l(eJIaTeJIbHO npOBeCTH 6eceJty (10-12 1'tIHHYT) 0
C0<PHHCI{OM co6ope B KHeBe, onnpaSicb Ha 'Te cne.u.eHHfI,
KOTopbIe nHTlll{.J1aCCHHKH nOqepnHYJIH na ypoKax HCTOpHH,
JIHTCpaTypbl, H306paJHTeJIbIIOrO HCKYCCTB2. YtIHTeJIb paccKa-
3blBaeT 0 KOMnOHeHTax apxHTeKTypHoro o6pa3a: pa3Mep,
cpOpM2, OTlleJIKa, oKpacKa coopY>KellllH. 3aTeM OH o6paw.aeT
BHHMaHHe lleTeH na 4>OPMY H OT,l(eJIKY CO<pHHcKoro co6opa:
cBoeo6pa3He K01\ln03HI.(HH, 6oraTcTBo lVl03aHKlf H c}>pecoK.
DOJIbIIIOH HHTepec npeJ{CTaBJISIIOT <ppecKOBbJe pocnHcH, KO"
TOpblC nepe,l(aloT CLleHbI KHH>KeCKOrO 6bITa, pa3B..TJctJCIIHil,
OXOTbI, a TaKiKe BOCC03,lI.aIOT o6pa3bl JIlOlleH pa3Hbix npoc}>ec..
CHH, 6blT H HpaBbI ,L{peBHeH PYCH.
YqHTe.1Jb nO,lJ,qepKHBaeT, tITO COcpUHCKHH co6op, KOTOpblH
D03BbIWaJ1CH B u.eHTpa..1JbHOH ttacTH ropo.ll.a H nopa>Ka.., Mac..
CHBIIOCTblO H IreKOTOpOH TSI>KeJIOBeCHOCTbJO <pOPM, YTBep-
}I<,lJ,aJI H,l(eJO Beol1HQH5I KHeBcKoA PYCH. 3TO npOCJIaBJTeHHe
pOjlHHbI, ee l\tIoryw.ecTB2 H KpaCOTbI 6bIJIO xapaKTepHO H AJIa
6bIJIHH.
1 I1cTopRR rYCcKoro HCKYCCTBa. T. l. nO,it pClt. H. rpa6apst. \.,
113;1.-50.AH CCCP. 1953.
13

PaCCKa3WB3S1 0 6bTJIHHaX, YQHTe..1Jb nOJ(QepKHeT, tlTO D
06pa3 60raTbIpH"S3U1HTHHKa 3eMJlH PYCCI<OH HapO!1 BJIO>KHJI
CBQH npe)lCTaBJleHHSI 0 ,,1YQWHX KatleCTBaX Qe,,10BeKa, Ha,a,e...
..'1118 ero 6ecnpeJ1e'1bHbIM llYBCTBOM .'1I00BH K pO.llHHe,OrpOl\I-
HblMH cJ>H3HtJeCKHMIi H HpaBCTDeHlJblMH CHJlaMH, OJ1aropon.-
CTBOM, xpa6pOCTblO, l\fY>KeCTBOM, HCTIJHHb]1 rYl\I3HH3MOM-
CTpeMJ1eHHeM 3aI.JJ.HTHTb 60Jlee cnaooro - H lIeHaBHCTblO K
Bpary. DoraTblpH H306pa>KatoTcH He TonbKO B 60pboe C Bpa..
raMH pOJlHJlbl, HO H B OblTY, B OTHOllleHHH Jlpyr K .llpyry,
I{ TOBapHIIlaM no 60pboe.
G.ne.u.yeT oopaTHTb BHHMaHHe yqalll.HXCH Ha TO, tlTO 6bl-
J1HHHbIe ooraTbIpH - He KOHKpCTHO HCTOpHtleCI<He, peaJlbHble
J1HQnOCTH, a xY.llO>KeCTBeHHble oopa3bI-THnbJ, C03Il.aHHble lIa..
pOJ].HOH <paHT33I1eii. B HtIX paCKpblBaJIHCb HpaBCTBeHHble H
3creTH4eCI<HC H.lI.e3J1bl pYCCKoro H3pO.ll.a, ero nporpeCCHBHbIe
YCTpCf,,'eHHf(.
DblJ1HHbJ He 3anHCbIB3J1HCb. a ncpe!l.aBaJIHCb YCTHO (<<CKa-
3bIBaJlHCb») H3 npOTH>KCHHI-t l\YHOrHX neKOB TaJlaHT..TJ HBblMH
neBuaMH-CI<a3HreJIHMH. OTCIO.lla OC06blH xapaKTep H3J10>Ke-
HHH: 9nHtJCCKaSl Me,l{J1HTeJIbHOCTb, neceHHaSl MY3bIKaJ1bIlOCTb.
H.pKaH, 3MOUHOHaJIbHaSl OKpaCKa 06pa30B. MOiKBO nOKa33Tb
.1I.eTHM nopTpeTbl BbI.l1aIOU{HXCSI CKa3HTeJIeH - T. PH6HHHHa,
11. <Pe110COBOH, M. KPIOKOBOH.
DbIJIHHllblH 3noc - uellHCHlI1ee naCJIe,lI.He, rOp.llOCTb Ha-
rneH KYJ1bTypbl. I1 MeHHO n03TOMY 6blJIHHbI B.lI.OXIIOBJ1HJ1U
PYCCKHX nHcaTe.TJeH- r. J{ep>KaBHlla, A. Pa.llHI.JJ.eBa, Ii. KPbl-
.'10Ba I, A. nYWKHHa, H. HeKpacoBa; KOMn03HTOpOB-KJ1 aCCH-
I<OB A. BOpO.llHUa, H. PHMcKoro-Kopcal<oBa, A. JIHJlOBa;
PYCCKHX H coneTCKHX XYJlO>KHHKOB B. Bacneu.ona, M. Bpy-
6eJIH, B. CYPHKoBa, E. KH6pHKa.
HaH60JIee nonYJ1S1pHbIH repoH MHorHX 6bIJ1HH - HJlbSl
MYPOl't1eu. 3HaKoMcTBO C 3THM repoeM MO>KHO HaqaTb c pac-
CK33a 0 ero 60J1e3HH, HCu.e.TJeHHH H nOJ1ytleHHH 60raTbIpcKOH
CnJ1bl, HCnOJIb3YH OblJlHIIY «I1Cu.eJIeIlHC HJIbH MypoMua».
Bblpa3HTeJlblIOe tlTeHHe ()bI.TIHHbI 06 «I1JIbe MYPoMne H
Co.noHbe-pa36oHHHKe» BCerl1a OCTaBJ1HeT CHJ1bHOe nllCtlaTJIe-
HHe. 06bl4110 yqaI.I..lHeCSI BblCKa3bTBalOT caoe MlleHHe, BOCTOp"
J B H a '-IaJJe X I X BeKa l1ep>K8 BHB HanHCaJJ «T eaTpaJlbHOe npe.llCT8 B-
neHHe c MY3b1KOfl» - «JI.06PbJHR»; A. Pa.llHLUe8 - «BoraTblpcKHe no-
BeC1'U B CTllxax» (<<Anewa nonOBHtt» H «4ypHJla nJICHKOBH t l:t); 11. KpbI-
J10B - nbecy «11J1bH-60raTbrpb, Bo",we6uaH onepa B 4.x JI.ei{cTBHHX.
14

fBIOTCH MY>KeCTR01\f, xpaOpOCTbJO 6bl..nnlIlIOrO ooraTLlp51. 33-
TeM IIHTalOT 6bIJIHHY no ttacTH}I. YqHTe..'1b 061>HCH5IeT HOBble
c.aOBa It nOIlHTHSI, npOBOD.HT 6eceJlY 0 npOtJHTanHOM, KO..1JIeK..
THBHO COCTaB.HHeT nJIaH.
OCHOBHbI1\1 3TanOM pa60Tbl Ha.n 6bIJIHHOH HB'JrneTC noJt-
po6Hoe 311aKOMCTBO C rJIaBllblM repoe1 - 11.'1beH MYPO'I"
ueM. Ha 9TOM ypOKe MO)KHO IIcnOel1b30BaTb npOH,3BetlelIHfl
CTaHKOBOH >KHBOnIlCH -:- Kap1HHbl B. BaCHeoa, nOCBH-
IIteIlHbIC repOHtleCKHM 06pa3al't1 6bIJIHH,- «rYC"lft pbI», «BH-
TH3b Ha pacnYTbe», «BoraTblpH».
Ha ypOKe, IIOCBHllI-eHHOM 06pa3Y 11.1bH MypOMlla, e:rH
xapaKTepH3YlOT repOH, paCCKa3bIBalOT 0 TOM, qTO OB COBep-
lUH.rt l\-1110rO .n.06PbIX .lleJI D,JIH Hap0,lla: cnac 4epIIl-.lrOB OT
upara, YHHLfTO>KHJI COJlOBbft-pa36oHIIHKa, IIOMor 6C.l1'Hbl1
.TIIOtI,Hl\f II T. ,lJ.. Ho Xapal{TepH3YH HpaBCTBeH'Hble atJeCTna
11JIbH, nHTHI{.J1aCCHHKH 3aTpY!lHHIOTCH 11.aTb onHcaHHe ero
BllelllIlero 06.'1HKa. fl03TOMY Y4HTeJlb npeJlJIaraeT paCCfOT-
peTb KapTHHY B. BaCHenOBa «BoraTupH» II CTpOHT 6eceny
o KapTHHC, npHltfepHO, no TaKOMY nJIaHY:
1. BpeMH II MeCTO Jl.eHcTBHH.
2. XapaKTepHcTHKa HwlbH MypOlttLla II .lI.BYX JI.pyrHx 00-
raTbIpeH (BbIpa>KeIlHC JIH, n03bl, o]te)l{.lI.a, BoopyeHHe
H T. ,!l.).
3. PO..1b neH3a)Ka B KapTl1l1e.
4. H306pa3HTe..1bHble CpeJlCTBa )KHBOHHCH (pHCYHOK,
KpacKlf) .
5. 3nalleuHe I1BeTOBOH rapMOHHII Ka pTHHbl ,lI...'IH pacKpbl"
THH ee H.n.eHHoro 3al\fbIC.,1a.
6. I1AeHHblH CMblCJI Ha3BaHHSI KapTHHbl «50raTbipH».
PaCCl\-10rpeB Ka PTHHY, nHTHKJIaCCHHKH KOHKpeTllo npeJl...
CTaBJIHIOT ceoe ooraTblpcH, JIerKO H CBo6o,!lHO .l1epiKallI-HX
«naJIHUY 6YJIaTHYIO CopoKa nY.lI.o B », HX o,lle}KAY, BoopY>Ke-
({He H ooraTbIpCKoro «D,oopa KOHH».
YllaIllIleCH .n.aIOT nO.lI.pOOllOe onHcaHHe BHelI1HerO 06J1HK
l.iJ1bJl \YPOMl.(a. CnOKOHHoe Bblpa>KeHHe .nHlI.a t npHMOH "
TBep,'1.bIH B3r JIH, KpenKaH nOCaJI.Ka B CC,lJ.JIe - Bce rOBopnT
o cro YBepCHHOCTH B CBOUX CHnax, rOTOBHOCTH BCTpeTHTb
npara. 011 XopOWO Boopy*eu. BMeCTe C yqHTeJIel\f ,l{eTH pac-
CMaTpHBalOT Ha KapTHHe naJIHUY, llJ.HT, *onbe, KO.'1btJyry H
T. 11.. 3 aTeI OIIHCblBalOT OO..'1HK LlBYX J1.PyrHx ooraTbLp-eJt-
J!OUpblllH I-IHKHTHqa H AJIewH OOnOBHqa.
- K3KHe oc06eHHocTH xapaKTepa nOqepKHyn xYJI.O)K,
lIHK B K3)1{j{Ol't1 H3 HHX?
15

YqeHHIU{ OTl'freTSlT >KH3HepaI10CTHOCTb A4I'IelllH nOnOBHqa,
CypOBOCTb H C.llep}K8HHYIO CHJIY I1JIbH 1\\YPOMua, 6JJaropo.ll"
CTBO H J106pOTY ,a06PWHH HHKHTHtJa.
- rAe HaXOD-SlTCH 60raTblpH? 4TO HX oKpymaeT?
0600lI{aS1 OTBeTbi YllaruHxcH, YLlHTeJIb CKaiKeT, qTO Ha q,OHe
6e30pe>KHOH CTcnH, KOTOpOH, Ka>KeTCH, HeT HH KOHl.(a, HH
KpaSl, CTOHT ua CTpa>Ke rpaHHlI. BHTH3H-60ral'bJpM. Xy.a OiK -
IIHI<, CTpeMHCb nOKa3aTb KpaCOTY H Heo6'bHTllOCTb ca10H
Sel\-IJIH, CTpOHr K8pTHJlY T3K, tlTo6b1 OblJla .aaJIeKO BH){Ha 9Ta
3Cl\1IJIH: Ka}l{eTCS1, OHa YXO.llHT BBblCb, J!O Cal\110rO He6a, H pom..
.u.aerCH 0ll1yrueHHe oecnpeJ!eJlbIlOrO, 6eCKOHeQHOrO npOCTopa
3eMHOH WHpH. <l>HrYPbJ ooraTwpeA, pacnOJlO}KeHHbIe Ha nep-
BOM nJl8He, CJ10BHO BbJpaCTaH H3 SeMJIH, CBH.!1eTeJIbCTBYIOT
o Hep33pbIBHOfi CUH3H repoeB CO CBoeH pOJlHlIOH.
- KaKHe CpeJlCTBa HcnoJlb3yeT )KHBOnHCen AJIH paccl<a-
3a 0 TpCX 60raTbIpHX?
,QeTH OObItlHO na3b1BalOT KpaCKH. YqHTeJIb .llOnOJIHHeT,
1JTO npe>K,lJ.e, tlCM npHMeHHTb KpaCKH, B. BaCHel.(OB cJ!e.naJl
PHCYHOK, KOTOpbJH nepeAaJl OO'LeM, BOCC03AaJI <l>OpMbJ 830-
6pa)KaeMblX npeAMeTOB: JlHU, H <l>Hryp 60raTbIpeil, XOJlMbI,
KOBbIJIb, KOllerl, TYIlH H T. .It. PHCYHOK 06JIHKa MorYllHX II
KpenKHX BHTH3eif, C WHpOKOH rpyJtblO, Jla,llIlOH c)JHrYPOH t
YBCpCIIJlO CHI1HIlHX Ha «Jl-06pLlX .lla 60raTbi pCKHX» KOHHX,
Y.iKe pO>KJ.laCT Y 3pnTeJlH OlI.{yw-eHlfe HX CHJlbl.
- ,llaJ1eKO Jill OT Hac paCIlOJlO>KeUbl ooraTbIpH?
Y1JHTeJIb 06oHCHHeT, liTO B aaBHCHMOCTH OT Toro, OJIH3KO
HJIH J{aJleKO OT SpHTeJlH HaXOJI.HTCH npe,ll,MeTbl Ha KapTHlle,
011" Ka>KYTCH HllblMH no pa3Mepy II <l>opMe. B JlaHHOl CJlY"
4ae - Bca,llHHKH lIa nepeLlHCM IIJJalle. 3TO C03,llaeT BneqaT-
JJeHUe BUYWHTeJlbHOCTtI H MOHYMellTa,lIbHOCTH. 3HaQHT, 33-
KJJIOllaeT YLJHTeJ1b, He TO.1IbKO pHcynoK npeJl,MeTa, ero <lJop-
Ma (0 ,lJ.aHIlOM CJJYtlae cjJHrYPbl 60raTblpeil), HO H HX MeCTO
pacnOJIO>KCHIiH Ha KapTHHe IIMelor 3HaqeHHe I1J1H paCKpblTHH
HAeHHoro Cl\1bICJla npOH3BeJ!eHHH.
nOl\illl\fO 9Toro B. BacneUOB C03HaTe..'1bHO lIeCKOJIbKO
nOJ!HHMaeT JJHHHIO ropH30HTa (YllHTeJIb YKa3b1BaeT Ha nee),
MbI KaK 6bJ CHH3Y CMOTpHM Ha ooraTblpeH, BbI,lJ.eJlHIOll{HXCH
lIa cjJOHe CBeTJIOro Heoa. 3TOT npIH.\1\l XYO}KlIlfKa TaKiKC
YCHJIHBaeT BneqaTJIeHHe OT HeCOKpYWH10H MOWH Ii BeJJHlfHH
PYCCKHX BHTH3eH.
PHCYHOK - 9TO OCHOBa KapTUHbI, ee YHJlaMeHr. Tenepb
MOXHO 06paTUTb BIIHMaHHe na KpacKH, u,BeT. YtJHTeJIb npe.Ll-
J1araer eme pa3 BCMOTpeTbCH B KapTHHY.
16

- .LITO npHAaeT JIIO):lHM H npeJU\feTaM, H306pa1KaeMhI1
Ha nOJIOTHe, oc06ylO 1KHBOCTb H yoeAHTe..rIbHOCTb?
YIIHTeJJb .llOJlOJlHHT OTBeT. IJ.BeT, KpaCKH B 1KHBOnHCH ne..
pe.aalOT Bce ooraTCTBO Ii KpaCOTY MHpa. UBeT - .llywa >KH-
llOllHCH, 6e3 BeTa )KHBOnHCb He cyw.eCTByeT. XYJ{O}KUHK,
lJJH1 nepuee }KHBOnHCea, KaK Obi JleflHT UBerOM, BblHBJIHH
CPOPMY npe.llleTOB, MaTepHa.n Hero KaQeCTB8.
- Ha30BHTe OCHOBHble KpaCKH, KOTOpblC XYD.O}KUHK
llCnOJIb3yeT B Ka pTline.
PeOHTa 1l830BYT C01leTaHHe COllllblX H HpKHX KpaCO!<:
3eJIeHYIO. KOpl1l!HenylO, KpaCIIYIO U OeJIYIO, qepHYlO,
CHHIOIO.
- 4TO 3THIH KpaCKaMH H300pa3HJI }KIIBOnHCea lla no-
JIOTHe? C nOMow.blO KpaCOI{ XY,LlO}KllHK IIOKa3aJI WHP.OKYlO
CTcnb, TeMHwe XOJlMbl, CO\lHYlO 3eJIeHb 1\10JIO)].bIX eJ1oIlek, no-
)KCJITeBIlIYIO TpaBY. KpaCKH BOCC03AaJIH MY}KeCTBCHIiOC JIH1J.O
11,,'lbH, ero 6 o pOJI.Y , cnepKalOlllYIO cepe6pol, CeJI.Ylo npnJl.b,
BbI6HBillYlOCH 113-nO.ll UlJIeMa; CBeTJIble BOJlOCbl ,LlOOpblIlH
lil1KHTlltla H TOlu<ue lJepTbI ero J1Hu.a: XHTPYIO H J1YKaBYlO
YCl\lelllI<Y AJIelllH OOnOBU1Ia; HPKHH 6JIeCK 0PY1KHH 60ra-
TbJpeiL KOf)].a )].CTH paCCKa}l(.YT nOJlHO H HClJepnblBalOl1{e 0
lJ.I3CTOBOM CooTlIollleHHH, KOr,lla nO-HoBoMY YBHJJJIT npHBbl\l=-'
llble npe..'1MeTbl - TKaHH, MeTaJJJJ, neI13a)K, JIIO,neH, )KUBOT"
HbIX,- l\-101KHO cnpocHTb Y HHX:
- l\aKoe HacTpoeHHe OCTaBJJHeT BCH KapTHHa?
Y4auluecH 6e3 3aTpY,Z:lHeHHH OTBeTHT «paJlOCTHoe».
- n04eMY, KaK BbI AYl'tlaeTe?
- KpacKH Bce CBeTJlWe, HeT AlpaIlHblx, TeMHhlX TOUOB.
YtIUTe.fJb, no,nTBep}l(JI.3H OTBeT, CKameT. liTO CQIIeTa-
HHe u.BeTOB B npOIf3Be,lleHHH (CBeTJlblX HJIH TePtIUbIX) lIa3bl-
HaeTCH KO.,10pHTO1 (c J1aTHHCKoro - KpaCKa, UBeT). KOJIO-
pHT HJIH lJ.BeTOBC:lH rapMOllHfl, KaK pa3 H C03J{aeT 06ee Ha-
CTpOCIlHe KaprUHbI.
)J<eJlaTe.llbIlO C006I..QHTb AeTHPtI, tITO B. BacnellOB nHCaJI
3TY K8PTHHY OK0J10 ,llBa,Z:lllaTH nHTH neT H 3aKOH'IHJ1 ee B 3Ha-
l\.ICHHTOM A6pal\1ll.eBO (no,ll i\'\OCKBOU). B. BacHelloB C03,aa.:l
lIe HJIJ110CTpallHH K onpeJI.eJICUIIblAf 6bIJlHH8M, a co6HpaTeJlb-
IIblH Tun 60raThlpeH - BHTH3eH. nOJIOTHa ero Ha 3TH TeMbI
npHHa)].J]emaT K Tal{ lIa3h1BaeMOH CTaHKOBOH iKHBonHCH, TO
eCTb CnellH3J1bllO npe,llH83HaQeHbJ J{JlH MY3eea, BblCTaBOK,
KapTHHHbIX raJJepeit.
B TaKOM iKe npHl\fepHO IIJIaHe MO>KHO paCCMorpeTb Kap-
'THHY «BHTH3b na pacnYTbe».
17

l(aprlIHbI Ha TeMbl 6hlJIHlIHOrO 3nOCa C03.llaHbi H J.. Bpy-
6e..'lej\-1. 513b1K era TBopeHHH Heo6bIQeH H cBoeo6pa3eH.
1\1. Bpy6eJIb nOKa3a.71 Hepa3pbIBHYIO opr,aHHllecKYIO CBH3b
qe..'IOBeKa C pea..TIbHbIM 'IHpOI, npHpO.llOH. 9TO OCHOBlloe
OT.,1Hlll1e 6oraTblpei1 1\'\. Bpy6eJ1H OT OblJlHHHblX o6pa30B B
pa60Tax B. BaCllcI.I,oBa. KaK Obi rap=10HH4HO HH COtIeTa,HHCb
C oKpYLKalomcii npHpO.l!OH o6pa3bl  KapTHliax B. BacHeuo..
Ba «50raTblpH», «BHTH3b Ha pacnYTbe», neH3aLK 3,!1.eCb Bbl-
cTynacT l{aK H..1IJ1IOCTpaTMBHbIH <tJOH, 3MOI.l,HOHa.HbIlO pacKpbI-
BaloHH H .llOnOJIIUllOI..U.HH OCHOBlIYIO H.llelO npOH3Be.llCHMSI.
OepcoH a/KH M. B py6e..1H CJIOBHO BbIXOJlHT H3 TOM cpe)tbI,
u
KOTopaH HX oKpYIKaeT, OHH OpraHHQeCKH C HeH CpOCJlHCb.
AHaJIH3HpYH 6bI..'IHHY «BOJIbra H MHI<y.na», MO>KIIO
nCnO.,'Ib30Batb HJIJIIOCTpalJ.HH COBeTCKOfO XYllo}J{IIHKa E. KIlo-
pnKa, OT..TJ HlJalOllI.HeCH 60JIblllOH /KH3HeHHO1 npaB.l1.0H, JJ.OCTO-
DCpHOCTblO xapaKTcpa 3nOXH. Oco6eHIIO el'llY YJI.aJICH oopa3
60raTbipH - .aooporo, BeJIHKO,!1.YlllHoro H )KH311epa.n.OCTHoro
qe.TJOBeKa.
Ha BHeKII1aCCHOM 3aHHTHH H3YQeHHe 6bI..'IHBHOrO 3noca
pCKOMeHJlyeM JI.OnOJIHHTb 3HaKOMCTBOM C JIy60QHWMH Kap..
THHKaMH. Oco6eHHO l'tIHOrO HX nOCBHll.(eIiO HJIbC MYPOMUY.
IIHTcpeceH .'1YOOK, H300pa:>KaIOIUHH I1.lIbIO Mypo:\II.1,a H Co-
.'10BbH-pa360HHHKa B naJIaTaX KHH3H BJIa.ll.Ht.IHpa.
Yqalll-HeCH paCCKaLKYT ero cOJ{ep*aHHC. B u.CHTpe - Co-
.'10BeH-pa30oHIIHK B KpeCTbHHCKOM nJIaTbe. no npHKa3Y
Il.'1bH MYPOMu.a OH cBHeT «nO-COJIOBbHHOl\IY», KpHtIHT «no-
3BeplIlIoMY». HJlbH MYPoMea npHKpbIBaeT wy6aMH KUH3H
B.na.lI.HIHpa H KHHfHHIO, KOTopbIe npHlll..'IH nOCJIywaTb
CO..'10BbH-pa36oMHHKa. OT 9Toro CBHCTa na,llalOT pHt{Ol
CToHlLlHe .'1IOJI.H. 3Ta cu.ella 1'OtJHO BocnpoH3Bo.l1HT TCKCT
6blJI HH bI.
,QeTH cpa3Y 3aMeTHT, 1ITO JIy60K npaBHJIbHO nepC.llaeT
CHlnaTHH H allTHnaTHH HapOJI.a K 6bIJIHHHblM nepCOHaiKat.
I(aK 11 B OWJIHHe, H.nbH i\'1.ypOMCI( H306paiKaeTCH oec-
CTpawHbIrvI HapOJlHbIM repoeM, 3acTynHHKoM Bcex 06H}I{ell-
IIbIX H yrHeTeHHbIX. OH xpaopo OOpCTCH C npOTHBHHKalH,
BblXO,QH n06e.llHTeJIeM 113 Bcex cpaLKeHHH.
CJIeJlyeT 06paTHTb BHHtaHHC yqalIJ.HXCSI lIa xapaKTepllYIO
LIepTY JIYOKa: H3 OHOH KapTHIIKe cpa3Y H306pa}l{alOTCH He-
CKO.'IbKO CU.CII, CIO>KCT 6bl..'1HHbl .llaeTCH KaK ObI B pa3BHTHH.
HHTepeceH J1YOOK H no xY.l!O>KCCTBeHHbI1 ocooeHHOCTH1\1.
HaIlpHMep, KOHb .llaH B CTpeMHTeJlbHOM ABHLKeHHH, C xapaK-
TepHblM H3fH60M weH.
18

11a TOM >Ke BHeK.TJaCClIO!\1 3aI-HITHI1, nOCKOJlbKY 3I1aKO1.
CTao C JIy6KOM 3aHMeT Hel\fHOrO BpeMeHH. (15-18 M.HI:IYT).
}Ke.HareJIbHO 03HaKOJHTb YlJaWHXCH C CMM<poHH1.JeCKHMH
MY3bJKa4i'lbHbll'vIH npOH3Be.lleHHHIH, nOCBHlIJ.eHHbIMH 6bI.TJHH'
IIO:\-lY 3nocy. 3TO, B ncpBYIO Otlepe.1I.b, CHMOHHH A. Bopa..
!IHH3.
B HCTOpHIO PYCCKOH l\fY3hI KH A. DOpO.nHH BOlllCJ1 KaK
npe.n.cTCiBHTe.nb repoHKo-9nH l lccKoro HanpaB.llCHHH. OCHoa..
HO TeMoA TBOpqeCTBa KOMn03HTopa HDHJICH PYCCKHA 3noc
C ero repOHMH-ooraTblpSiMII. BOnJIOlIJ.alOlllHMJi B ce6e Hapo,n..
Ill' [0 CH.'1Y.
Oc06ellHO HpKO H fJ1y6oKO np03BY1.JaJ1a TeM3 pYCCKoro
3noca BO 2-H CHI<lJOHHII A. EOpOJlHHa, KOTOpyEO B. CTaCOB
lIa3DaJl «EoraTbJpCKOH». 3TO onpe.neJIeHHe nOH.paBH.rJOCb
KOfn03HTOpy, H OH HanHC3JI ero I1a naprHType l CliM<poIIHlI.
BCH MY3blKa «50raTbJpCKOH» CHMc)JOHHIi OT.rJHqaeTCH 3nH-
1.JeCKOH llJHpOTOi1, nJIaBHOCTbJO H Be.TJHtIHelvl. 3TO Obl.TJHHa,
COllep)KaHHe KOTOpOH abIpa>KCHO CpC.lI.CTBaMH f\fY3b1KH.
Oc06eHHO HHTepeCIIO, Ila lIaw B3rJIH.lI., npOCJIywaTb nep-
BYIO 1.JaCTb CHMcpOHHH (Allegro, 6 IVIHH.), KOTopaH CYll(eCTBell-
1I0 .lI.onOJIHHeT 6bIJIHIlIIbIH II }KHBOnHCHbIH 06J1HK pYCCKoro
6oraTblpH. 3.llCCb KOfno3HTop pa3BOpa1.JJ1BaeT MY3 blKaJlb-
HYJO xapaKTepHCTHKY PYCCKHX ooraTbipeH. 3BY1.IHT MYJKeCT"
u 0
nellllaH H cypORaH l\feJlO.llHS1 CTPYUHOH, CMbI1.IKOBOU rpynnhl
OpKCCTpa (cKpHnKH, aJIbT, DHOJIOH1.JeJIb, KOHTpa6ac).
,[leTH (c nOl\IOlllbJO YLlHTeJI H) on pe.lI.e.r1 HIOT (110 TeM ny,
pHTf\iY TO nJIaBIIOMY, TO CKatlK006pa3HOMY, no l\teJIO}].HH TO
pacneBHOH, TO npepbIBHCTOH), 1.JTO MY3hIKa paCCKa3blBaeT 0
>KH3HH 6oraTbIpeH, 06 I1X >Kapl{HX oHTBax, Mo.lIo.n.elu<oH YJla-
JIH H pa)I.oCTH nooellbJ.
nOHCTHHe ooraTblpcKaH MY3bIKa A. DOpO.llllna OKa3aJla
orpoMlioe BJIHHHHe lIa nocJIe.llYlol11ee nOKOJleHHe KOMn03HTO-
pOB. B T80peHHHX COBeTCI{HX KOMn03HTopon: 10. lllanopu..
na (KaHTaTa «Ha nOJlc KYJIHKOBOM», opaTopHfl .«CK83allJ1e
o 6HTBe 3a PYCCKYFO 3el\fJIIO»), P. r JIH9pa (CHMcpOHHH «HJlbH
'\ypOMeu»), C. OpOKo<tJbeBa (KallTaTa «A,,'ICKCaH.llp HeB"
CKHH») C031I.allbI rcpOHKO-9nH1.JeCKHe 06pa3bI, pa3BHBalOIIJ.He
AiY3bIKa..'1bHble Tpa.llHllHH A. DOpOll.HHa.
1 flapTuTypa (OT HTaJl.- pacnpeae..1eHue, pa3ae..1e1,ue) - HOTHaa
3anHCb MJ10rorOJ10coro MY3bIK8JJbHOrO npOH3Be,D.eHHR (opJ(eCTpa) xopa
H T. ,D..), B KOTOpOH COe,!IHHelibI BOe,l).HHO napTO" Bcex OT,lJ.e,,'JbHbJX rOJIOC08,
HHCTpYMeHTOB.
19.. -

EC"JIH lIe OYJl.eT B03fO}KHOCTH npoc.llywaTb nepBYIO qaCTb
CHl\I4>OHHH A. EopOllHHa, peKOMeHJtyeM 03113KOMHTb JI.eTeH
C OTpblBKaMM H3 onep H. PHl\ICKOro-KopC3KOBa «C3.IlKO» H.,1H
«CKa33I1He 0 HeBHD.HIOM rpaJI.e KHTe>Ke».
PYCCKHH KOMn03HTOp H. PRMCKHH-KopcaKon, nenpeB30H"
llellHblH «CK3301lHHK-rYCJIHp», nOCBHTHJ1 CK3301lHO-ObIJ1HH-
HOMY 9nocy BeCb cBoH HPKHH T3JIaHT. CI<a301lHaH Tef3TnKa
ero onep Oqellb UJHpOK3. C HeKOTOpbIl\tH H3 HHX yqalllHCCH
Y>Ke 03H<1KOM..'IelIbl, OHH MoryT H33BaTb onepbI «KameH Bee-
c.MepTlIbIH», «CKa3Ka 0 uape CaJ1TaHe», «CHerYPOllKa».
KOMn03HTop cal\'1 COCTaBHJl tl1H6peTTo) onepbI «CaKo»,
B3HB ltlHOrHe TeKCTbl HenocpeJ(.cTBeHJlO H3 Obl.,1HH, BBCJ1 B
nero TpaHI..{HoHHble CJIOBeCHbie OOOpOTbl, THnHlIllble Ll.nSl
6b1JIHHHOH pellu, a C3Moe rJIaDHOC - C03,lI.3JI OCOOblH ObIo/1HB-
Hbl" pellHTaTHB. Bee 9TO, BMeCTe B3HTOC, c,!lCJIa.TJO ero one..
py C3MooblTHeHwHM npOH3Be):leHHel\f PYCCKOH onepHoH Ko/1ac-
CHKH.
KOMn03HTop nHCaJl: «..tITO BbIlleJ1HeT 1\fOerO «Ca!lKo» H3
pHlla Bcex MOHX onep, 3 MO}KeT ObITb, He TOJ1bKO Monx, HO H
onep Bo06me,- 9TO 6hIJIHHHblH petIHTaTHB. PellHTaTHB
3TOT - He pa3rOBopllblH H3blK, 3 KaK 6bI YCJIODHO Obl.l1HHHbIH
CKa3 -H.1" pacneB... n POXOJJ.H KpaCHOH HHTblO lIepe3 BCIO one..
py, pellHT3THD 3TOT C006IU.aeT BceMY npOH3Be)leHHIO TOT Ha.
I..{HOHaJlbllbIH, Obl.nbeBOH xapaKTep, KOTOpbll1 M:O>KCT OblTb
oueueH BnOJlHe TO.,"IbKO PYCCKHl\1 lIeJIOBeKOI» 2.
BeJIHtlaBOe opKeCTpOBoe BCTyn..rteHHe «OKeaH-Mope CR-
flee» HBJIHeTCH It JleHTMOTRBOl\1 BceH OnepbI. npOC.,1yrnan 3TO
BCTYIIJleIlHe, Y1l3lLlHeCH nOllYBCTBYIOT 06llI.HH TOll H n3npaB-
.neHHe Onepbl. PeKOMeHl1yeM nOCJIyrn3Tb H O,lI.UY-.llDC nony..
.llHpHbIe napTHH CallKO, B KOTOpblX paCKpbIB3lOTCH 60pboa
repoH npoTHB yrHeTaTeJIeH 6e)lHOro nonrOpO,l:lCKOrO II IOJl a ,
ero JlJ060Bb K pOJ(HOMY ropOllY, HanpHfep apHJO «K36bl
6bl.,'13 y MCHSI 30JlOTa K33I13». nepBaH lIaCTb petIRTaTHBa-l\{O-
HOJlOra Ca.llKO - n3BO..T1HOB3HH3 H rOpHQa. BTOp351 llaCTb
oO.TJee nenyqaH, .TJHpHtJeCK3H. Ho BeCb MOHO.llor coxpallSleT
cTporylO 6bl.,lHHHYIO pa31'rfepeHHocTb. 3TOT 6bIJ1HHHbIH pacneB
npOHH3bIBaeT H XopoBble 3nH30Jl.bI. CaJJ.KO 3aneBaeT pa3JI.OJlb"
HYIO PYCCKYJO neCHIO «BbICOTa JIb. BbICOT3 nOJl.lle6eCHaH», ee
I Jlu6peTTO - c..10oecHblii TCKCT, COJ1.ep>KaHHe MY3b1K8JIbHO-J1.paMa-
THQeCKOrO npoH3Dcn.eHIfS1 (onepbl, onepeTTbI).
2 H. A.. P H f C K " IUI-K 0 p C 8 K 0 B. JIeTonHcb Moen MY3bJKaJJbHOA
>KH3I1H. Cn6, 1909. crp. 318.
20

noJtXBaTblBalOT JtpY>KHHa If napoJt; DcrynaeT OpKeCTp, neCIIH
lllHpHTCH M KpenHeT, npHBO.l1S1 K JIHKYIOIIJ.C1vlY, MoryqeMY
<tJ M H aTJY.
no 3nHlIeCKo-6b1.nHHlIOY CKJ1a.llY MY3blKM H neHHH 0.I1H3"
Ka K «CanKO» onepa «CK333HHe 0 HeBH.l1HMOM rpaJte KH"
Te>Ke». C6.'1H)f{3eT HX CIO)f{eT, B KOTOpOM TeCIIO nepenJ1eTaeT-
CH HCTOpHlIeCKaH OCHOBa C $aHTaCTHKOH. no npeIl3HlilO, rpa.!l
KHTem OblJI cnaceH OT pa30pelIHH T3Tapa1\IH «60)KbHl\1 npo-
Jf3B0J1eHHeM»: OH C)leJlaJlCH HeBH.l1HMbIM H CTaJ1 rvleCTOl\.f
HlteaJIbHOH, no HapO)lHblM nOHHTHHM, 3CrvlHOH >KH3HM. «CKa-
3allHe 0 KMTe>Ke» - 3TO onepa-..1ereH!la. OJI.HO 113 CH..TJbHeH-
mMX MeCT B onepe - 3TO CHM<pOHHlIeCKaH KapTHIIa «Ceqa
npH Kep>KeHIJ.e» - 00pa3en PYCCKOH npOrp1\1110H MY3bIKM.
PCKOMCIIn.yeM npoc.ayrnaTb ee, YlIaw.HeCH, nO]1rOTOBJIeHHble
KpaTKHl\.f paCCKa30M YllMTeJ1H 06 onepe, CYleJOT oxapaKTe..
pH30BaTb YCJ1bIlUaHHoe. 3.necb MY3bIKaJIbHblMH Cpe.llCTBa1vIH
nOBecTByeTcH 0 OHTBe PYCCKHX C TaTapal\IH. Pe6SITa paccKa-
mYT 0 TOM, qTO OHM 3)leCb CJlbilliaT 3BOH MeqeH, xpHneHMe
KOHeH, CTYK naJI.aJOInMX TeJl, CTOH H T.,n. 3aTeM nacTynaeT
KaK OY.!lTO 3aTHllIbe, ceqa npeKpaw.aeTCH H CJ1bIlllllbl JIHI.lIb
OTr0J10CKH Y.llaJ1SIIOw.eHCH ltHKOH CKaqKH - 3TO 6erYT TaTapbI.
IllKoJ1bHHKaM n3J1,O 061>HCHHTb, liTO MHCTpYIVleHTa.nbHaH
MY3bIKa, C03Jl3HHaSi Ha onpelle.,1eHHYIO TefY (Ha3BaHHe KO-
TOpOH OOH33TeJ1bHO oTo6pa>KeHO B 3arJIaDHH npOH3BeJteHH5I,
KaK B -llaHHOM c.nYlJae), Ha3b1BaeTCH nporpa:vevIHOH MY3bIKOi'1.
Oc06eHHOCTb MY3bIKH TaKoro pO.ll.a 3aKJIIOtlaeTCSI B TOM, liTO
B Heft MY3bIKaJ1bHbIe H300pa3HTeJ1bHbIe Cpe!lCTBa BbI3blBalOT
y c.nymaTeJIeH OIIpeJl,eTJeHHbIe 3BYKOBbie H 3pHTe,,1bHble npe,lJ.-
CTaBJIeHHH, HanpHMep, KPHKM cpa>KaJOll{HXCH BOHHOB, 3BOH
0pY>KHH, IIOpblBbl BeTpa, TonOT KOHeH H T. n. \O>KHO HanOI"
TlHTb lteTHM 0 TaKOH )Ke iY3bIKe B nbece A. JIHllOBa «5a68
5Ira» (CTYK «KOCTHIIOH HorM»), onepe H. PHMCKoro-Kopca-
KOB3 «CKa3Ka 0 13pe CaJlT3I1e», B «BoraTblpCJ{OH» CHl\-HpO-
HHH A. BOpOltHHa.
\ H P H a pO.ll.II0H PYCCKOH CKa3KH, JIereH,!lbI, 6bI..TI HHHoro
3noca noc.nY>KH.TIM OCIIOBOH onepbl H. PHMCKoro-KopCaKOBc:1,
II03TOMY npH H3YlleHHH B BOCbMH.TleTHPH IllKOJIe YCTJlOrO n03-
THlJeCKOrO TBoptleCTBa He..1b3S1 060iTHCb ue3 ero MY3bIKH.
ECJIH eCTb B03MO>KHOCTb, OlJeHb XOpOIllO nOCJ1ymaTb onepy
H. PMMCKoro-KopcaKOB3 B TeaTpe BceM KJ1aCCOl\1. MY3blKa
B COqeTaHHH C }KHBOnHCHbIMH lteKOpaIJ.HHMH, T811uaMH, n03-
311eH npOH3BOltHT 60JIbWOe BneqaT.neHHe, Bbl3bIBaeT CHJIblIbie
3CTeTHlIeCKHe nepe>KHBaHHH.

«CJIOBO 0 rrOJIKY MrOPEBE»
8-8 KJlacc. npH H3ytJeHHH «CJlOBa 0 nOJlKY HropeBe»
YQHTeJlb HMeeT B03MO>KHOCTb KpaTKo nOBTopHTb H 3aKpe-
nHTb C YQeHHKaMH MaTepH2JI no YCTIIOMY HapOJlHoMY TBOP"
--
\IecTBY, KOTOpbIH H3YQ8JICSI n MJI8,ltlllHX KJIaCCaX, BcnOMHHTb
CKa3KH, 6bIJIHHbI. Ha.ao nOll.QepKHYTb 1ITO «CJ10BO 0 nOJIKY
HropeBe» no CBoeH H.lI.eHHOH CYlllHOCTH 6.11H3KO K OJIbK.TIO"
Py. C03JlalillOe TOr.lla >Ke, Kor.aa 33 pO>K,aa.11HCb 3nHQeCKne
CKa3aHHH, 6b1JIHHbl 0 Ca,ltKO H BaCHJIHH EYC.11aeBe, OHO 6bIJ10
nepBblM nHCbMeHHbIM JIHTepaTypHbIM naMHTI-IHKOM ,[lpcBHeii
PYCH. 3TO 6bl.110 BpeMH, I{or.na npOH30111e.'I OKOH1IaTeJIbHbIH
pacnaJl KHeBCKoro rocy.ltapCTDa H B03HHK pHJI, KHH>KeCTB,
ocnapHBalOlUHX JlPyr Y JI,pyra nepBeHCTBO. ABTOp «C.11OBa»
v
npH3bIBaeT K eJI,HHeHHIO PYCCKOH 3eMv1H nepe.ll nallleCTBHeM
MOHrOJIOB.
3TO BbI,lta 10 llI.ee CSI xY.ll.O}l{eCTBeUHoe npOH3Be,aeHHe 6blJIO
He e.ll.HHCTBeHHblM TBOpeHHeltf HCKYCCTBa TOH nopbl. C03Jla..
Ba,llHCb BeJ1HKOJIenHbIe na MSlTHHKH .lI.peBlIcpYCCKoro 30,lt1le-
CTBa (apXHTeKTYPbl), npOC,,'1aBJIBBWHe MOlllb H CH.11Y PYCCKOH
3eMJIH.
YQHTeJIb npOBO.ltHT 6ece.llY 0 .l1peBIIepYCCKOM HCKYCCTBe
(Ha 3TO OTBOJI,HTCH OKOJIO I fi MHIIYT) H YBH3bIBaeT ee C HCTO-
pHeH OTKpblTHSI H H3YQeHHSI «CJIOBa 0 nOJIKY HropeBe».
MO>KHO nOKa3aTb cjJOTOKonHH nepBoro H3Jl8HHSI «C.11OBa»,
MycHn-nYIllKHIICKoro cnHcKa, c,aeJI8HIIOrO .lI.JIH EKaTepH-
Hbl II, paCKpbITb HCTopHtJecKYlO KapTHHY 3nOXH. )l(eJIaTeJIb-
HO paccKa3aTb 06 Hn.eHHo-..'IHTepaTYPHoH 60pb6e, B03HHKweH
BOKpyr «CJIona», 06 YlJaCTHH B Heft A. IlywKHHa, B. BeJ1HH-
CKoro, lIIHpOI{OrO Kpyra .='o6HTeJIeH JlpeBHepYCCKOH JIHTepa..
Typbl.
DOJlrOTOBHB n.eTeH K BocnpHHTHIO npOH3BeJteHHH,
YtlHTeJIb nepeXOJI.HT K HenOCpeJlCTBeHHOH pa60Te na.n. «Cno-
BO !'vI » .
4TeHHe «CJIOBa» JlOJI>KHO HlJ.TH napaJ1JIeJIbHO C TIUaTeJIb"
22

HOH pa60TO(I HaJJ. Sl3bI1<0:\1 IIpOH3Be1!eHHSI. no HHTOHaUHOH"
.IIOM Bblp33HTeJIbllOCTJI, 60raTCTBY JIeKCHKH, pa3Hoo6pa3HIO
CHHTaKCHqeCKOrO . IIOCTpoeHHH OH OqeHb 6J1H30K K Sl3b1KY
YCTHOH HapO,IT.HOH n033HH. 'lIHTe.'lb MO>KCT npetlBapHTeJIbHO
COCTaBHTb lI. r IaH «C.'10a3», DblHeCHTb ero Ha .llOCKe HJIH npe,Ll-
..10>KHTb yqal.JIHIVICfl 3anHC3Tb B TeTpa__'I,H, lITo6bI MomBO
UbIoI10 K nel'vlY 06palliaTbCH B npouecce qTeHHH II 3HaJIH3a
TeKCTa.
B xOJJ.e KOl\IIeIlTl1pOBaHHoro tlTeHHSl fO}KHO CnOJIb30-
DaTb M.'1JIIOCTpaUHH B. <PanOpc.Koro, paCKpbIBalOu.rHe OCHOB"
Hble 3nH30.llbI npOH3neJJ.eHMSI. B rpaBlOpax B. <PaBopcKoro
u306pa)l{eHHSl I1ropn, 51 poc.naBHbI, EYH- Typa BcenoJIo.ll.a, HX
JtPYiKHII, CBHTOCJ1aBa KHeBCKoro nOpa>KalOT rJIy6HHoH pac-
}<pbITHH lIeJI0BeQCCKHX xapaKTepOB H HaCTpoeHHit 3nM30JJ.bI
OHTB, COJII-IellHOrO 3aTleHMSl nepe..a.alOT BeCb ,LlpaMaTH3M no..
BeCTBOnaHH5I. He60JIblUHe opHaMeHTbI H 3aCTaBKII (60eBb[e
CTHrH, CBHTKH) BblnO.J1Heuw B Jlyxe .LlpeBHepYCCKoro MCKYC-
CTBa.
KpOMe B. <I>aBopcKOfO, K «CJIOBY» 06paLlta.'1HCb MHO-
rHe XYAO)KI1HKH - H. KaJIHTa, M. rpaqeB,,[{. i\\OOp, a
TaK)I{e XY,LlO}J{HHKH npHKJIaJJ.HOfO HCKYCCTBa, BOCC0311.aBlllHe
CIO)KeTW «C.'10B3» Jla QJa pQJope, XpYCT3w1e H T. tJ.. CJIe.n.yeT
paCCKa3aTb nOCbl\fHK.f]aCCBHKa(, liTO nepBblMH 11 llpeBHeii-
WH;\-IH HJIJIIOCTpalI.HH1\'IH K «CJIOBY» C(IHTaIOTCH MHHHaTfOpbl
PaJI.3I1BHJI.,TJOBCKOll JleTOnHCH XV BeK3, BOCXOllHIUeH K OpH.
fHHa..1Y XII BeKa. Guu H306pa>Ka10T OT;J.e.1JbHbIe 9nH30.LtbJ
noxoLla HOBfOpO.ll-CHBepcKHx KH5I3eH «<BOHCKO HropH
CBHTOCJ1aBHqa 3axnaTbiBaeT nOJIOBellKHe nCJKH»; «oHTBa
I1ropH CBSITOCJIaBUqa C Il0J10BuaMH», «KoHli PYCCKHX H3He-
1\10fJ1H B oHTBe», «CTHfH» H JlP.). MHHHaTropbI nOMorYT yqa-
ll.{HMCSI ..'IYlIllie nOHHTb n03THtJeCKHe o6pa3bI «CJIOBa», 3noxy,
B KOTOpylO OHO C03JJ.aBaJIOCb.
K01rI:MeHTHpySl BCTyn.nellHe «C.'10B3 0 nOJIKY I1ropeBe»,
MO)KllO npoAeMollcTpHpoBaTb penp0JJ.YKUHIO C KapTHHLI
B. BaCl1ellOBa «BelllMH DOHH». Hapo.!J.lIOl'tIY neBUY nOCBSIllJ,e-
HbI npOH3Be.LtCHHH l\1HOfHX XY.llO)KHHKOB: rpaBlopa H. COKO-
JIOBa (HaqaJIO XIX BeKa), JIHTOrpa<pHH M. 3HlIH «BOHU
HellJ.HH», pHcynoK B. lllBa pu.a «OOSlH» 11 Ap. COBeTC]{He xy-
,n.O:>KHHKH B. <l>3BOpCKI1H H 1\1. fpallen, Ka)KJI.blH nO-CBoeIY,
npOHJ1JIlOCTpHpOBaJIH «CJIOBO», C03.llaB HPKHH oopa3 BOHHa.
KapTHHa B. BacHeuoBa - HC HJ1J1IOCTpal(MH. XYllO)KIIHK
C03.lI.a.n K3K ObI co6HpaTe.nbHblH 06pa3, OTpa3HJI B HeM CBoe
nOHHlvIaHHe JIHtIHOCTH new.cro D05IHa.
3

Ha BblCOKOM XOJIMe, BOKpyr KOTOpOrO .no caMoro ropH.
3011Ta paCCTHJIaeTCH CTenb, a Hat!. HeH BblCOKoe, CBeTJIOe
Heao, CHART BORB Hero CJIywaTeJIH. BeTep weBe..'lHT BOJIO-
Cbl Ha rOJIOBe BORHa, KOTOpblH paCCKaSbJBaeT npHTHxWHM
CJIywaTeJISIM «0 J{eJIax AaBHO MHHYBWHX ,aHeM, npeaHbSlX
CTapHHbl rJIy6oKoa». BCR KapTHHa llanO.'lHeHa cBeTOM, B03-
J{YXOM, npOHH3aHa n03THQeCKHM HacTpoeHHeM.
,Qpyroc nOJIOTHO B. BaCHeOBa «nOCJ1e no60HIlla HropSi
CBJlTOCJIaBU1Ia C nOJIODal'tlH» - fllMH xpa6pOCTlI H My*eCT-
BY PYCCKHX BOllHOB. XY,lJ.OJKHHK BOCC03AaJI Tpar1l1leCKYIO, 110
B TO lKe BpeMH H n03TH1IeCKYIO KapTHHY nOJlSl 6HTBbl, lla KO-
TOP0!\1 3a PYCCKYIO 3eMJIlO naJIH ee CblHOBbH.
OAHU 83 eHTpaJIbHblX 3nH30J{OB «CJlOBa» - CnJIaq
51pOCJIaBHbl» - BCer,lJ.a npOH3BOJJ.HT 60.l1bllloe BneqaTJIeUHe
Ha yqallU-IXCH. PaCKpblTb jKelICKHH 06pa3 nOl\10rYT HJIJlIOCTpa-
UHH B. <PaBopCKoro HJllI M. fpaqeBa, penp0,llYKUHlI C Kap-
THII B. DepOBa lIJlH H. fOplOwKHHa-CopoKonYAoBa.
B. OepoB cocpeAOTOl!lIJ1 Bce CBoe BHHlallHe Ha 06pa3e
Crpa,ll.aIOw.eH }lpOCJIaBHbI: B OT'IBSlHHH 3aJlOMJIeHbI PYKH, 3a-
npoKHHYTa rO.rIOBa. MbI KaK 6YTO CJIbllllHM JKaJIo6b1, ynpe-
KH II lr10JIHTBbl KHHrHlIH, o6paeHHble K npHpoe: BeTpy,
Henpy, «K cBeTJloMy-npeCBeTJIOMY COJIHUY». OHa MOJIHT
HX He To.nbKO 0 cnaceHHII l1ropH, 110 Hero J{PY}KHHbl.
f10-HHOAfY pewaeT KapTHHY H. fOPIOWKHH-CopOKonY,lJ.On.
au TaTeJIbHO BblllHChlBaeT neH3a* H OKpY>KalOHe ){poc-
JIaBUY npeAMerbl: WHPOKYIO JIeHTY peKH, KOJIOKOJIbHH, qYTb
qepllelOHe B OYTHBJIe, H36bI, 6alllHlO Ha KpenOCTHOl\tl BaJlY.
AepeBHHHhui llOlOCT, Ha KOTOpOM BJJ.aJl8, cnHHOH K SpHTeJIlO,
CTOHT 5lpOCJlaBHa. QHa KaK 6b1 CJlHBaeTCH C neH3aLKel'tl, H 1lA1
3J{eCb YiKe He CJlblWHM OTlIaHHHOA MOJlbObI H KpHKa, KOTO-
pble HUlIO OIllYTHMbI B KapTHHe B. DepoBa. KIISlrHHH CJIOBHO
MOJIlIa >Kn.eT. Ee llaCTpOeHHe II COCTOSIllHe nepeJJ.alOTCH l!epe3
neH3a)K, KOMn03HUHOHHO CBH3aHHblH C <PHrYPOH .SIpocw1aBlibl.
3TH J{Be pa60TbI, lIanHCaHHble B pa3JlOe BpeMSI (B. TIe-
pOB C03,QaJI cnolO K3 PTHHY B 1880 rOJ{Y, H. fOPlOllJl{HH"CO-
pOKonyn.OB B 1904 r.) H pa3J1H1JHble no 1tlaHepe, pacKpblBalOT
Ka)K,lI.aH no"cBoeMY n03THtJeCKHH o6pa3 5IpOCJIaBHbI - CHM-
BOJI BepHoH H JlIOOHIUCH JKeHlUHHbI.
rIa 3aKJIIOtIHTeJIbHOM 3aHHTHH peKoMeliAyeM paCCKa3aTb,
liTO «CJlOBO 0 nOJlKY I1ropeBe», OJlarOJlapH ero BblCOKOH
H,lI.eHHOCTH, BbI pa3HTeJIbHOCTH H MY3b1KaJlbHOCTH H3bIKa, npH-
BJICKaJlO BHHMaHHe MHorHX PYCCKHX n03TOB. Ero nepeBOAHJlH .
B. IKYKOBCKHH, JI. MeA, A. i\laHKoB, 11. K03J10B, nop-rOTO-
24

BHTeJlbHytO paoory K nepeBOltY ClIena..'1 A. nYIIIKHH. «C.nOBO
o nOJlKY HropeBe» nepeBOlIHJIH T. IIIeBqeHKo, naHac MHp-
HblAt 06paSbI «CnOBa» BOlIIJlH B TBOpqeCTBO MHorHX PYCCKHX
nHC8TeneA H n03TOB. Hx MbI HaXOJl,HM B npOH3Be,neHHSlX
A. PaJI.HweBa (<<neCHH, neTble Ha COCTSJ3aHHHX if'\tecTb lI.peB-
nHM cnaBHHCKHM 60>KeCTBaM»), B. )l(YKOBCKoro «<nCBCU BO
CTaHe PYCCKHX BOHHOB»), A. nYWKHHa (<<PYCJl3H H JIlOllMH-
JI a»). K. PblTJeeBa (<<BOSlH», «BnanllMHp C13TOH»),
A. OCTPOBCI{OrO (<<CHerYPOtlKa») t A. BJIOKa, B. BpJOCOB3,
H. BYHHHa, H. cl>paHKO.
Oopa3bI «Cw'lOBa 0 nOJlKY HropeBe» HCnOJlb30Ba..TIJI B CBO"
ef\{ TBOpqeCTBe H COBeTCKHe n03TbI: 9. BarpHuKHH, A. npOKO"
<pbeB, n. TbItlHH3, M. PblJlbCKHH, M. 5amaH, JI. nepnoMaH-
.
CKHH H IIp.
1.JTo6bl yrJIyoHTb MaTepH3JI H YBR3aTb ero co CMe>KHblf\fM
BH!13MH HCKYCCTBa, peKOMeHlI.yeM Ha BHeKJlaCCHblX 3aHH"
THHX npOBeCTH 6ece.nbl lIa TaKHe TeMbl:
1. CBoeo6pa3He II ocooenIlocTH apxHTeKTypbl KHeBcKoH
PYCH, HOBropolla, BJIa.nHMHpa.
2. HJlJlIOCTpaUHH Xy.nO>KHHKOB nanexa - H. rOol1HKoBa,
H. BaKYPOB3, H. HcaKoBa - K «CJIOBY 0 nO",1KY I1ropeBe».
MO>KHO nopyqHTb OT.l1e..'1bHbIM YQalltHMC5I no,nrOTOBHTb n.OK"
.,
.TJ a,llbl no 3TOH Tele.
3. Onepa A. BopollHHa «KHSJ3b Hropb».
OnHa>K.lI.bl B. CTacoB npe!tJIO>KHJI A. EopoJ{Hny cuenap-
IIbIH nJlaH ]tnH onepHoro CIO>KeTa «CJIOBO 0 nOJJKY HropeBe».
KOMno3HTop OtleHb YBJIeKCH 3TOH H.lI.eeH H Hatlan pa60TaTb
HaJJ. JIHt5peTTo H fY3blKoit On nHC3J1 onepy OKOJIO 18 .'1eT,
no cMepTb nOMelIIaJIa ee 3aKOHtlRTb. A. rJIa3yuoB, 3anHcaB-
u
WHH no naMHTH BcrynJleHHe onepbT. KOTopoe on Mlloro pa3
CJIYllI3JI B HcnonHeHHII A. BOpOll.HHa, 3aKOHtlHJI onepy. Kpo-
?\ole Toro, Ha OCHOBe aBTopCKHX Ha6poCT{OB OR .nonHcan ncno-
CT310IItHe 9nM30.llbl (B III 3KTe). H. PHfCKHH-I<opCaI{OB JUI-
CTpYMeHTHpOBan 1 60JIblIIytO qaCTb onepbl H 33KOHQnJl <pHHaJJ
1 3KTa - CneHY naoaTHoro 3BOHa.
rJlaBHOe n.eHcTBYlOlltee JlHUO B onepe «KHH3b Hropb» -
n3p0J1. B HeToponnllBoM, KaK paccKa3 EORHa, TeqeHHH ]teif-
CTBHSI pacKpblBaeTcSI HecoKpYIIIHl\faSl CHTJ a pYCCKoro Hapon.a,
1 HncrpgMeHToBlCa - Jit3J10>KenHe MY3b1KaJlbHoro npOH3Be,l1eHHR J1J1
onpe.lleJIeHHoro COCTaB3 HHCTpYMeHTon (CHf<l>oHHqeCKOrO, l1YXOBoro op-
KeCTpOB, AJIR BOKaJJbHOrO aHC8Mt)JJR, XOp3, p83nHttHblX KaMepHbJX 8H-
c8Mf5neA). T. e. COS)t8HHe napTUTypbI.
25

ero naTpHOTH.3f\'I. l\lolUIIO H HpKO 3BYQaT opJ<ecrp H Xop
B npo.nore «COJIHUY KpaCHOl\lY CJIaBa!» n po.,T{or XOpOlliO
onpelle.,lHeT 6bIJ1HIIHO-3fiHlIeCKHH CKJIa.ll Bceit onepbI. 1\ty.-
3b1J<aJIbHbIe 06pa3bI repoeB onepbl A. BOpO.lI.HII C03JI.aeT na
neceHII0-6bI.TJHIIHOli OCIIOBe npo.I1ora. ApHH HropH (II aKT)
«11H CHa, HH OT.D.bIxa» pa3HocTopoHHe pacKpbIBaeT 06JIHK
roJlaBlloro repoH, n03TOl\fY ee Tome HallO npoc..'1yrnaTb, onpe..
.aeJIHTb OCHOBIIOH fY3bIKaJIbHblli TOH (MYJKeCTBeHHa5l, cypo-
BaH, nO..'IHa51 repOHtJeCKoro nacpoca lvleJJOJ1.HH), BbICOTY ro..'1o-
ca (6a pUTOH).
B apH030 «I-IeMa..'1o Bpe1\fel-IH npOill..fJO C Tex nop» (1 aKT)
nepc;I. HafH B03HHKaeT nOJlHbIH He>KUOCTH, )({eHCTBeIIIIOCTH
H B TO me BpCM5I BO.TJeBOH' 06pa3 51poc.naBJIbI. Heo6bItieH no
xapaKTepy :\-1Y3bII{}1 «fIJIaIl 5lpOCJlaJ3HbI» (IV aKT), IlOJ]-
HOCTblO nocTpocHHblH Ha JIHTepaTypHo1 TeKCTe «C.TIOBa 0
no..'1KY I1ropeBe». npOCJIYllIaB «OJ1atJ», yqaIUHeCH ,lI.O.'1>KHhl
onpe.u.eoJ1HTb rOJlOC (conpalIo) H 1Y3bIKY (HHToIlauHII Ha..
pO.Zl.lJLIX npHQHTaHHH, «n.TJ3QeH», YI<paHHcKMx «.rr.YM») J ee
TO CJ1.ep>KaHHO-CTpOfHH, TO CTpaCTHO-B3BOJIHOnaHHbui xa-
paJ\Tep.
XapaKTepHCTHKa oncpbI 6Y.llCT Heno..'1HOH, CC.,TJH lIe CRa-
3aTb 0 PYCCKHX XYJ1.0iKIIHKax, nHcaBtllHx ,ZteKopaUHH K nep-
BbIf nOCTaHOBKaM Onepbl. 3TO OblJIH K. KOPOBHII, H. Pepnx.
B 1909 rO!lY B napH>Ke B ,lI.el{OpaUHHX 11. Pepuxa UIJ1II
«nO,iloaeUKHe n..'1HCKlI» H3 «KnSl3H Ii ropH». 3TO 6hlT]O 3pe-
wlHwe, nO..'1HOe CTpCl\IHTe.'1bIlOrO ,lJ.BH>KeHHSI, tY3bll{lI, Kpacol<.
B 1914 fOllY I-I. Pepnx OCYlll.eCTB.fJS1eT no..1l1YIO nOCTanOBKY
onepbI «KH5I3b I1ropb». 011 C03.aae r n03TJ1LIeCKHe 9CK1I3W
.neKOpaIJ.HH «0 YTliB..'1b», «T epe1 51 pOCJI aBIIhl», «nO.TJOBeU-
KHH CT3I1», «nJIaQ 5IpOCJIaBHbl», «,aSop raJIHIJ.KOro». flepe.lI.
u u
lIaMH B03HHKalOT KapTHHbl .lI.peDHeH PYCCKOH 3e:vtJIH, Moryqne
I<penocTHbIe CTellbl, .n.epeBHHHble nocTpofu{H, OeJIOT{ai\IeHllbJC
COOOpbl C 3laTor..TJaBbl1\fl1 KynOJI3MH. PepHx CYMe..'I nepell3Th
B ,lI.eKOpau.HHX caMOC XapaI<TepHOe B JIpesllcpycCKOli apxn-
TeKType, n03TOMY OHM BOCnpUIlHl\laJOTCH l<aK 3aKOIJ t leHHbiC
HCTOplflJCCKUe I<OMn03HIJ.lfH.
C nOCTaHOBKal\'IH «KHSl3H HrOpH» CBSl3a IIbI HleHa TaKHX
Be..'1HKHX PYCCKHX nenUOB, KaK JI. COOUHOB (BJIaJ1.HMHp I1ro-
peBHQ) H $. llIa.TJHnHH (KHH3b raJlHl.lKHH). B «KHS13e !-tro-
pe» ne..'IlI BbI.!I.aIOlll.MeC5I onepHble a pTHCTbI OOJIee n03JI.llerO
nOKo..leHHH: C. JIel\fernen, A. nHporOB, 1\\. 1HXa"..'10B,
A. HBaBOB. )KeJIaTeTTbHO nOKa3aTb YtieIlHKaJ nopTpeTbl
n poc.n aBoJleHHblX aKTe OB, ·

A. C. IIYIDI\J:IH
4-" KJIacc. 113YQeHHe n033HI1 nYllIKHIIa Ua1JHHaeTCS1 C Ta-
I{HX npoH3BellcHHH, KaI< «CKa3Ka 0 ltfepTBOH lI.apeBHe II
CCMH 60raTbJpHx» If n03Ma «Pyc..TJaH H JIIO){MHJIa» (OTpbIBOK
«Y .1JYKOAfOPbS1 1I-y6 3e.'lellblit..»).
Bo BCTynHTeJIbHOH HeOOJJblllOH oece.rr.e Ha,110 paccKa3aTb
o iteTCI{HX rO.llax n03Ta, 0 HHHe ApHHe PO.llHOHOBlle, 0 nepBblx
nonbITKax TBopllecTBa. MO>KHO np01JUTaTb CTHXH «K HHlle»,
«COH», nOKa3aTb l{apTHUY 10. HenpHHueBa «IlYlllKHH H
ApHHa PO.llHOIlOBHa», H306pa>KeHHe CTapOH MOCKBW B rpa-
BlOpax, pHCYHKax, nopTpeTbl DYlllKHHa B .neTCKHe rO.llLJ,
nYlllKHHa-JIIUeHcT8.
)l(eJ1aTe.;tlbIlO HCnOJIb30B8Tb KapTHlIbJ, PHCYHKH H <poro-
rpaqH-fH, KOTopble .llaIOT npeJlCTaBJ1eHHe 0 .nPY3bS1X II COBpe-
l\1eHHHKax nYlllKHHa, 0 MeCTax, r,lle >KHJ1 H ObIBaJ1 n03T, H
T. Jl. Ka pTIiIlbl, <l>ororpa<pHH .nonOJIHS1T paCCKa3 YQUTe.'1H, pac..
lllHpS1T TBop4eCKoe Bo06pa>KeHHe ,lI.eTeH, yrJIy6HT HX >KH3-
I1eHHble npe,ncT3BJ1eIlHH. Bee 9TO C03tJ.aCT oco6yIO n03TH4ec-
I<YIO aTMoc<I>epy Ha ypoKax, H )I.eTH rJIy6LKe BocnpHMYT n03-
31110, 3CTeTHQeCKOe B03.lleHCTBHe ee 6Y.lleT CHJIbHee.
rpaBlOpa H8 MeTaJIJIe E. reHTMaHa - OJI.HO H3 nepBbIX
nopTpeTHblX H306pameHHH A. C. IlYIllKHHa (npHJIOLKeHHe
K n09Me «KaBKa3CKHH nJIeHHHK», H3.llaHHOH B 1822 r.). Pe-
KOMeH.nyeM nOKa38Tb TaK>Ke rpaBIopy Ha JlepeBe B. <PaBop-
CKoro «nYlllKHH"J1HeHcr».
o co,aep>KaHHH rpaBIOp (KTO H306pa>KeH, BHelllHHH
06J1HK, Bblpa>KeHHe J1HU3, n03a, o.ne>KJla H T. n.) .lleTH pac-
CKa>KYT CB060.ll.I1o, lIO KacaeTCH xYJlO>KeCTBeHHbIX cpe,llCTB
paCKpbITHH 06p83a nYIllKHHa, TO 3.lleCb nOfO>KeT YQHTeJlb.
OH 06paTHT BHHMaHHe WKOJIbHHKOB Ha COIJeraHHe ,llBYX use-
TOB - tJepHoro II oeJIoro,- Ha pa3HbIe OTTeHKH Toro H JlPY-
roro - OT ca10ro TenJIOro .no caMoro XOJIOJlHOrO,- paCCKa-
meT 0 Ue06bIlIHOCTH pHCYHKa, ero QeTKHX, KaK 6bI lIeKaHIlblX,
.1HHHS1X, 06 OTCYTCTBHH KpaCOI{ HpKHX TOHOB. Xy.nomecTBeH-
27

Hble npOH3BeeHllst TaKOrO pOlta H8ablBalOTCH rpaBIOpal.llf.
3TO CJIOBO HaJl.O 3anHCaTb Ha )lOCKe H 06'bHCHHTb 1, OOpaTI1B
BHHMaHHe j!eTeH Ha TO, tlTO rpaBlOpa E. reHTlaHa Bbl"
nO.1JHeHa Ha IvleTaJIJIe, rp8BIOpa B. <l>aBopcKOrO - Ha )lepeBe.
03HaKOlvlHB KpaTKO yqellHKOB C rpaBlOpa1.fH, YtlHTeJIb npo-
.lI.O.'1/KHT paCCKa3 0 )KH3HH H .neHTeJIbHOCTH n03Ta, HCnOJIb-
3YH HJIJIIOCTpaHH, cpOTO, penpOD.YKI1.HH, IIO)J.llepKHeT, KaKOe
3UaQCHHe "MeeT Jt.,'lH BcefI PYCCKOM KYJIbTYpW I1033HH nYlll"
){HHa. nOJIHOCTblO 6Horpa<pIiH n03Ta H3yqaeTCH B 7-8 K..TIaC-
cax, HO B 4-1 K.TJaCCe Tome He06xo,il.HMO ,naTb YlJaIlt H l\1CH
npe.acTaBJIeHHe 06 snoxe, JKH311H H .lleHTeJlbHOCTH nYWKM-
Ha, .lI.0cTynHoe .IJ.JIH HX B03pacTa.
HenocpecTBeHHoe 3HaKOMCTBO C nywKHHcKOH cKa3KoH
«0 I\tepTDOH uapeBHC M ceMH ooraTbIpSlx» Ha.n.o lIatlHHaTb C
lJTeHMH BCJ1YX. CHalJaJIa lJHTaeT yqHTeJIb, B 6ece.n.e C KJIaCCOl\'1
anaJlH3HpyeT ce cO.llep>KaHHe, 3aTeM tlHTalOT YQaI.I.lHecH. )l(e-
u u
"TJaTe.nbHO OTpblBKH H3 TpeTbeH H tleTBepToH r.naB npOqHTaTb
no pOol'H1. nHTHKJIaCCIIHKH, paCCKa3b1BaH COAep}K3HMe rJIaB
CKa3KH, HCnOJIb3YlOT UHT8TbI H OTJI.eJIbHble BbIpaeHHSI "3
TCKCTa. l\\O>KHO COCTaBHTb UHTaTHblH nJ1aIl 110 CKa3Ke.
3HaKOMSI .neTeH co CKa3KOH, yqHTeJIb AOJI:>KeH paCKpbITb
ee n03TI1l!eCKHe 06pa3bl, ,lI.OHeCTH .no Ma.neHbKHX c..'YIlIaTe.TIeH
HJI.elO n06e.llbl D.06pa H8JI. 3..TJOM, TOp/KeCTBa necnpa Be.n.JIIfBO
06H/KeHHbl X. YlIaI.ltHeCH .lI.OJ))KHbI YHCHHTb, liTO CTIIJIb II H3blK
cKa3KH 6.I1H3KH K lIapo.n.HOl\lY 9nHtJeCKOMY CKJIa.n.y (nOBTope..
HHH, nOCTOHHHble 3I1HTeTbl, CKa30lJIIaH KOHUOBKa, C01JeTaHHe
pea.TJbHOrO H QJaHTaCTHtleCKOrO H T. .n..).
B npouecce 8HaJIH3a peKOMeH.l1yeM HCnOJIb30BaTb npOH3-
Be;J.eHHSI ApyrHx BH.llOB HCKYCCTBa, KOTopble no TeMaM, CIO..
JKeTY H o6paaal\I 6JIH3KH K 9TOH CKa3Ke: HJIJ1IOCTpaUHH
B. B aCHeu.OBa, M. HeCTepOBa, npOH3BeJI.eHHH naJleXCKHX
MaCTepOB. OC06bIA HHTepec BbIaOBYT HJIJIIOCTpaUHH H. BM-
..TJHOMH8, B tlaCTHOCTII, K «CKa3Ke 0 30JlOTOM neTYllJ]{e».
XY.llOJKHHK YD.HBl1TeJIbHO HpKO, 06pa3Ho, C TOHKOH HpoHMeR
H30opaaeT Ii uapH, H «llJaJ\1ax3HcKYIO» l1apHll.Y, H He3a.llaq..

JIHBbIX ua pCKHX CbIHOBeH.
KOMno3uTop H. PHMCKHH-KopcaKoB, BOnJlOTHBWHH r.U'IP
CKa30K B fY3blKe, B 'lIeCTb CTOJIeTHH co AHH pomJ{eHHSI
nYIllKHlla (1899 r.) nanHCaJl onepy «CKa3Ka 0 nape CaJl"
I Graver C<I>PSHU.) - BhJpe3aTb. CneUII8J1bHLlMH HHCTpYMeHT8MII
xy.aO>KHHK BblpeaaeT (rp8BHpyeT) H8 TBep.llOM MeT8JIne nettaTHYJO
OpM y.
28

T8He». Ero onepa C BeJIHKOJlenHblM 3BYKOnOtI.pa}l{aHMelt
MeJIOjIJIQeCKH:\tlH OOOpOT8MH If pHTM8!wtH H8pO,lJ,HbIX neCeH
H n.1JHCOK - OtleHb 6JI8rO,a8pllblH MY3bJK8JIbHbIH M8TepH8JI
.lI..'IH ill KO.l1bHIIKOB. )::locTynHaH H JlerKaH no <fJopMe t OHa
yr.ny6HT H paCIlIHpHT npe.nCT8BJIeHHH .lI.eTeH ° CK830tlHldX
rep05lX, 3aKpenHT HHTepec K CHl\1cfJoHHtIeCKOH MY3bIKe.
3HaKOMCTBO C onepOH I\10}KHO nOCTpOHTb npHlepHO 110
Tal{OMY nJI3HY:
1. C'IOBO Y4HTe.llH 0 {:03!l3HHH onepw «CK83K8 0 uape
C a.,1T aile» (2-3 :VIHII.).
2. H,lJ.eHHbIH CMbIC.11 BCTynJIeHHH onepbl.
3. CHM4J0IlUtleCK3H 1{8PTHH3 «TPH qYJJ.a»t CBH3b ee C
nywKHlIcKOH CK83KOH. KOf.ll3 KJ13CC npoc.'1yw8eT BCTyn.ne-
HHe K onepe (4 MHH.), f,!!e TOp}l{eCTBeHHo 3BYtlaT Tpy6bl
(<p 3H 4>3pbl), ArIO./KHO cnpocHTb:
- K8I{OH MOTHB BbI YCJlbIW8JIH-rpycTHbIH H.,1M BeCeJIbIH?
,QeTH YBepeHHo onpe.n.eJIHloT:
- BeCeJIhlH, LKII3Hepa.ll.OCTHblH.
-- 4TO 3TOH neCeJlOH MeoHeH XOTeJI CK838Tb KOMno..
3JfTOp? ECJIH yqalllHeCH 33Tpy.nHHIOTCH OTBeTHTb t H8 no-
1\10ll.J.b n PHXO,lJ,HT YlJHTeJIb.
- dTOT Bece.TIbUi, np83AHHtlHblH c}JaHcpapHblH KJIHlJ KaK
6LI npH3blB8eT: «CJIY1ll8HTef CMOTpHTe! JJ.eiiCTBHe HaIlH-
HaeTCH!» 01-1 3DYt.JI-IT KaK CJ{8304HbIH 33lJHH. rt{HTeJIb npHBo-
.lIHT CTpOlJKH H3 nYIlIKHHCKOH CK83KH:
B Te-nopw BOHlia (5b1.:J8.
Uapb CanT3H, C >KeHOH npocTHcR,
Ha JJ.o6pa -KOHJI C8J1HCSI,
EiI H3I{a3bIBaol'J - ceGH
nouepe4b, ero .1Ilo6S1;-
KOTopble K81< HeJIb3H JIyqwe p8CKpblBalOT CYIUHOCTb .3TOrO
l'tl Y3 bl K 8JIblIorO Bcryn.llell H H -33 lJH H a.
Ilepe.u. npOCJIymHB8HHeM CHMcpOHHtleCKOrO 3n1130!la «Tp"
qy.aa» >KeJIaTe.,'1bHO BcnOMHHTb C JI.eTbMH OTpbl80K 113 nym-
1{I1HCKOH CK83KH:
OCTpOB Ha Mope ne>KJfT.
rp3A 113 OCTpOBe CTOHT...
K8K me 06 3TOM paccK83bIBaeT 1\1Y3bJK8? K_18CC CJIyw8er
Bce CM McpoHHlJeCKOe BCTynJICHHe (1 0-11 tHH.).
- nOHpaBHJIaCb JIB Ba1 3Ta ,.IY3blJ{a If nOtlel\IY?
29

- 1\:\Y3b1Ka 3lleCb BeCeJIaH, nOllBH>KHaSI H Bblpa>l<aeT 3BY-
Kal\-B1 TO, 0 qeM B CTHXaX rOBOpHT nYlUKHH.
Yqal.l.lHeCH c.TJymalOT ne.pnYIO qaCTb.
- 0 lIeM 311eCb rOBOpHT KOMII03HTOp? B 3TOM OTpbIBKe
IY3b]Ka KaK 6bI pHcyeT rOpoIl J1eJleHeI1- C «TepeMa:\IH H ca-
Jla:\IH», CJIbllUaTCH TOp}l{eCTBCHHble 3BYKII ]{0..'10KOJIbHOrO
lIepe3BOHa 3JlaTOfJIaBbiX uepKBeH.
Bo BTOpOH qaCTH 4>allcpapbI B03BerualOT 0 llY,l1e.
- Koro H306pa}KaeT PHl'tICK1-III-KopcaKOB?
- ne.nOllKY. rpbI3YWYlO 30.110TbIe opexlI.
- 3HaKOM JIH BaM MOTHB?
PeOHTa oe30llIIIOO1lHO Y3HaIOT 1\-IeJIO,l1HIO neceIlKH «Bo
callY ..'1H, D oropo.n.e», KOTOpYJO C «npHcBHCTOIlKOH» IIoer
6eJlKa. Y1.JHTe,,'Ib Ilo6aBJIHeT, qTO 3BYKII «npHcBHCTOllI\JI» B
onere BocnpOH3BOJlHT cp.neHTa TIIIKI<0..10 (<<MaJIeHbKaH»).
BHOBb pa3llalOTcH 4>aHcp3pbI.
- KaKaH MY3bIKa 3BYLJHT 3,n.ecb?
BMecTe C Y4HTeJIeM YLJalllHeCH onpe.ll.e.1JHIOT, 4TO D OTpbIB-
ICC 3BY4HT MeJlO.lU1H llpyraH - MY,KecTBeHII35I II cyponaH,
B TeMne l\fapwa. 113l1.aJIH l{aK oY.LJ.TO Bce BpeMH CJlwrnaTCSI
.3BYKH MopcKoro IIpHOOn. 3Ta 1\'IY3bIKa KaK 6bI pJ1cyeT MOp-
CI{lIX BHTH3CH.
3BYlJ aT <l>aHcpa pbI, B03BeIl.{alOmHe 0 TpeTbe1\t IIY,!le.
- 4eM OT.rIH4aeTCH 9Ta r.1Y3bIKa OT npe,ll.bI,l1YIllHX MY3W"
Ka.,'1bHbIX OTpbIBKOB?
9Ta MeJlO.lI.HH OTJIHLJaeTCH He}J{HOCTblO, K3K tSY.llTO npo.
3pallHOCTblO, H Ha <pOHe ee nOHBJIHeTCH Tel\'la UapeBHbl-
JIeOe.llb. YIIHTe.'1b J1.06aBJIHeT, liTO 3BYQaT Bce HHCTpYMelITbI
opKeCTpa, 1-10 3DY1laT l'\'IHrKO, TaHHCTBeIlHO II C03.lI.a1OT Bne-
LJaTJleHHe KaKorO-TO HeOOblllaHIIO xpynKoro H B TO >Ke npeMH
HenOBTopHMorO J HpKoro CKa30lJIIOrO oopa3a. )Ke.n3TeJIbHO
06paTHTb BHHMaHHe JI.eTeH Ha nOCJIe.ll.lllOlO qaCTb CHM4>OHU-
qeCI{OrO BCTyn.,'1eIIHH:
- KaKaH MY3blKa 3BY1lHT B KOIIe H IIOqeIY?
YqalUHeCH OTBeTHT, '1TO MY3bIKa HanO.rIIIeJlllaH J1HI<OBC1-
HIIel't1 II pa,a.OCTbJO. 3TO nOTOl\fY LJTO, l<aK B nYlllKHHCKOH
cKa3I<e, Tal{ H B onepe, YTBep>KllaeTCH MbICJIb 0 n06elle
repoeB, TOp}KeCTBe .lI.o6pa HaA 3JIOM. EC..'1H YLJHTeJIb He CMO-
}KeT 03HaKOMHTb YlJaw.HXCH C pe]{0l\feHllOB3HHbIl\f OTpbIDKOl\-I,
l'\'IO}l{HO noc.nyrnaTb H3 3TOf[ >Ke oncpbl CHM<pOHHlIeCKHH
3nH30 «nO.HeT WMeJIH». (3 MHH., I I I aRT). 3TO K.naCCHLJeCKJlH
06pa3CU 3BYKoIIOllpa>KaTeJIbHOrO MacTepCTBa KOl'tln03HTopa.
HMHTaLlHH >KY}K}KaHHH 11 cTpeIHTeJlbHOrO nO.'1eTa lllMeJ1S1
30

BOCC03,ltaeTCH re.TJOJI.HeH K.TJapHeTa Ha cpOHe J1erKOrO nHUUH-
KaTO I CTPYHHbIX. Ha ypOKax no H3YQeUHIO OTpblBKa «Y J1Y-
KOMOpbH llYO 3eJIeHbIH» XopOWO. oaH3KOIHTb yqaIII.HXCH
c neCHCH BOSlHa «JIeJIa .lIaBHO MHHYBIIIHX J1HeH» (5 fHH.,
I aKT). 3Ta neCH H3 onepbl .i\l. rJ1HHKH «PYCJIan H .TIIO,lt-
rHJIa» cOnpOBO)K.!J.acTcH 3BYK3MH aPcl>bl, HrHTHpYlOlltHl\fH
rYCJIH. BbIJ{ep>K3I1I1aH B n.,1aBJlO1\1 pHTMe MeJl0l1HH neCHJI
nO..TJIIa ne&llHtIeCTBeHHoro cnOKOHCTBHfI.
O.lI.HO 113 BUeK.,1aCCHbIX 33HHTHII }I{eJI3TewTJbHO nOCB5ITHTb
KapTHHe H. PenHlIa «nYlllKHH Ha 3K3aMeHe 8 HHBapH
1815 rO,l1a» H cKy..TfbnType P. Baxa «nYlliKHII-.nnueHCT».
ycranOBJIelIHOH B ca1J.Y nepeJl 3JI.aIlHer\'1 ..TJHIJ.eH (r. nYllIKHH
JIcHHHrpaJI.CKOH OO.1JaCTH). 3TH npOH3Be,IleHHH .lI.Ono..1HHT
npC,l1CTaB.1JeHHe yqalll.HXCH 0 rIYIIIKHHe, ero n033HH, BOCCO"
3Jl3JlYT B nx BOODpa}l{elIHH IOIlOlllY nYlllKHlla B ca,l1ax Uap-
CKoce..TJbCKOro J1HueH, rne OH OOJ{YMbIBa..TJ CTpOKH CBOHX nep-
DLIX CTHXOB. KpOMe 3Toro, npeJI...TJ3r3efbIe npOH3BeJ{eIIHH
yr..rIYOHT 3H3 HHfI YQall1.IIxcH B OD..Tf aCTH C!\1e:>KHblX BIi,l10B
HCKyccTBa.
3HaKOJ\1HTb yqalUHXCH C KapTHHOH H. PenHHa MO>KHO
no TaKOMY nJI3ny:
1. KpaTKHe CBeJ{eIIHH 0 H. PenHHe H HCTOpHH C03,aaHHH
KapTHHbI.
2. Bpe1\IH If !\1eCTO ,l1eHCTBHH.
3. reJ1anIlbic rcpOH KapTRHbl, ee cpOH H R306pa3IfTe.nbHbte
cpe!tCTBa )KHBOnHCH (KOf\fn03HUHH, PHCYHOK, KpacKH).
4. 0 qel\f paccKa3bIBaeT PenHH B KapTHHe «nYlliKHII I-Ia
9J{3gMene...»
YqH'TeJIb BKpaTlle 3HaKOMHT yqeHHKOB C onorpa<t>ueH
H. PenHH, oJI.noro H3 BblJ{alOlllHXCH PYCCKHX XYllOJKIIHKOB.
npe)KJ{e qeM npHcTynHTb K KapTHHc, PenuH npo,l1e.naJl
orpoMHYIO pa6oTY. On c06paJl MaTepHaJ1bl 0 KOCTIOM3X Toil
3noxH, nopTpeTbl, BellI.H, BocnOMHHaHHH .conpeMeHHHKoB,
lI.PY3eH II pOJ1HblX nYUJKHIIa. Y ¥I. PenHHa 6bTJIH H 3aMeTKH
caMoro nYlllKHHa, OTHOCHIII.HeCH K JlHueHCKoMY 9K33Meny
1815 rOJla. XYlI.O)KHHK He pa3 BXonn.rJ B CTapo 3!taHHe JIM-
ueH, QTo6hI paCCMOTpeTb al{TOBbIH 3aJI, rJ{e KOrJla-TO Bnep-
Bble np03Byq3J1 rOJIoe IOII0ro nYIIIKHHa. HaYQa51 cl>OPMY,
y6pancTBO 3a.Tfa, H. PenHH H311epTHJI npe.lJ.BapHTeJIbHbIH
n.n3H, onpeJleJIHB fCCTO .l1JISI .l1BYX rJlaBIIblX 4>Hryp-
I nUt.{lJ,UKQrO - H3BJle1.JenHe 3BYK8 H3 CTPYHHblX HHCTpYMeHTax He
CMblqKOM, a UlHnKOM n8J1bu.eB.
31

nYllJKHHa -lIep>KaBHHa, a raK>Ke lIJlH rOCTeH H 3K3a"HHa-
TOpOS.
Xy.nO>KHHK BOCC03JJ.aJl B KapTHHe OJI.HI-I H3 3HareHaTeJIb"
HblX MOMeHTOB B >KH3HH n03Ta: nHTHaJI.uaTHJleTHHH nYIlIKHH
H8 3K3aMeHe tlHTaeT CBOIO OJJ.y «BocnOMHHaHHe B UapCKo!vr
CeJle». Cpel1H CJIYIlIaTeJleA - n03T r. lI.ep>KaBlfH.
KapTHHa H. PenHHa «nYIIIKHH na 3K33l'ifeHe...» TPYII.H3
TeM, 'ITO 3J{eCb H306pa>KeHO Mlloro KOHKpeTIIbIX HCTOplflle-
CKHX JIliU, 0 I{OTOPbIX MO>KHO CKa33Tb 1\.IHMOXO.ll.Ol'.-f (113 OHM
H H306pa>KeIlbl KaK 4>OH KapTHHLI). A r.naBHoe, Ha liTO
H3.no oopaTIITb BHHM3HHe l1eTeH,- 3TO nYIlIKHH, tlHTaIO-
IItHH CBOH CTlfXH, H n03T ,[(ep>KaBHH, BHHl\laTeJ1bIIO C.J1YllJaIO-
!UHO ero.
He UY>KHO Ha3btBaTb ytJeHHKa{ cpa1\fH.nHH Bcex Ml\.fCHHTbIX
CaHOBHJlKOB H MHHHCTpOB, npHcYTcTBoBaBIlIHx na 3K3aleHe.
Ho Ca1\f YtfHTeJIb .nOJI>KeH 3HaTb, tlTO 33 CTO..TJOI H306pa)Ke-
HbI BnO..TJHe KOHI<peTHbIe JlHtlHOCTH: IHIIMCTp HapO)J:Horo rrpo-
CBemenHSI rpacf> A. Pa3YMOBCKHii, nOnetlHTeJlb C-DeTep-
6yprcKoro YQC6HOrO oKpyr3 C. YBapOB, peKTOp YXOBHOH
3Ka.lteMHH, BnOCJte.n.CTBHH 1\1HTpOnOJIHT MOCKOBCI<uii - <l>H-
Jl8 peT, ltHpeKTOp ..'1HueH E. 3HreJIbrap!tT - BepHbIe c.nyrH
Ita pH, Ka3eHHble, Oe3JI.YIIIHble 1JHIIOBHHKH. Mbl YBIf.llH1 B Ka p
TIfHe A. KYHHUbIH8, nporpeCCHBHoro .l1eHTeJIn, ol1Horo 113
..TIIO(jlfMbIX YQIiTe.neff, HMH I<OToporo He pa3 BcnOMHHaeT
nYUIKHH B CBOlfX CTHxax.
Pe6HTa .l1eT3JIbHO paCCMaTpHBalOT KapTHHY, 3aTef\1 yqn-
Te.FJb CT8BHT BonpOCbI.
- KTO H306pa>KCH Ha KapTHHe? r.ll.e H Kor.l1a rrpOHCXO-
,nHT COObITHe?
nOCJIeJ1YIOInHe BonpOCbl (KaKOB BHeUlIlHH BHJI. H306pa-
>K3eMhIX JlIOJl.eii - rocTeff, JIHueHCTOB - JJ.PY3eH nYllIKHHa,
Bblpa>KeHHe HX JIHU, >KeCTbI H T. )t.) nOMorYT opraHlf30naTb
KOJIJIeKTHBHYIO 6eceJl.Y.
- nOtleMY PenHH nOMeCTHJI B ueHTpe KapTHHbJ <f>Mrypy
nYIlIKHHa? C nOMOlll.blO YQHTeJlH .n.eTH BbInCHHIOT, tlTO, pac-
nOJlO>KHB q,Hrypy n03Ta B ueHTpe nOJIOTHa, >KHBOnHceu.
CTpeMHJICSI 3THM OCTpee BbJpa3HTb CBOIO l\1bICJlb - MOMen-T
DCTpe1JH .l1BYX Beol'TnKHX n03TOB POCCHH. BeJlHKHH I{ep}I{aBHH
KaK 6bI npHBeTcTByeT nOHB.l1enne .l1Pyroro BeJlHKOrO n03-
T3 - nymKHHa. YttHTeJIb IlOOaBJlHeT. tlTO pacn0J10/KeHHe
lIryp, npeJ1MeTOB, UBeTOBbIX nHTeH Ha nO.10THC Ha3blBaeT-
.,
CH KOMn03HuHeH.
KaKHM H306pa>Kell JOHblH nYlllKHH?
32

LteTII, KaJ{ npaBJJ..10, OC301IIU601InO OTRc t t3IOr: pa.!I.OCT-
HLL\tl, BeCeJlbl:\tl, BOCTOP)I{E'IHIbIM. 1\'\O}KHO Ii!\'] nO;J.CI<a3aTb
(eCJIH HJfKTO He CI<a>KeT) H «B,ltOXHOBeIIHblf». HallO cnpo-
CHTb, KaK IlIKO..'1bIlIfKH nOHHMaIOT 3TO CJIOBO, H nOlJeI\iY ero
:MO)KHO ynoTpe6MTb 3t{CCb, onnCbIBaH 06JIHI< n09Ta (011 IIH-
TaeT CTHxn!).
- nOlleMY BLI peIlIHJIH, liTO nOS1 B pa,lI.OCTHO-BJ{OXHO-
BeHHOI\f HacTpoelIHH?
06 3TOM rOBopHT OOJIIIK ero <j>HrYPbl, HCMIIoro HanpH-
>KeIIHhIH II BbITHHYTbIH: rop.ll.O BCI{HIIYTaH r0J10Ba, PYKa no.u...
JIHTaS1 BBepx. KpOI\fe Toro, CHlIHlllne BOKpyr .T]IOlI.H, HX n03bI,
>KeCTbJ (CJIeI"Ka BbITSlHYTLIC llleH, HaK..TJOIlbT <pHryp Bnepe,lI.,
COCpe.l10TOlleHHbTe JIHua) CBHJI.eTe.l1bCTBYIOT 0 TOI, liTO DllOX"
IIOBeHHble CTHXH n03Ta IIHKoro He OCT3BHw'IH paBHon.YWHbI!VI.
YqHTeJIb, OOOOlll.aH OTDCT, no.u.t.JepKIIeT, liTO OOJIHI{, <pop-
MY H300pa>KaeMOrO npCJ.MeTa Ha II0J10THe nOCC03.lI.aeT PH-
CYIIOK - Ba:>KH3H OCOOeIIIJOCTb >KHBOnHCHoro HCKYCCTB3.
YqHTeJIIO YMeCTIIO npMBeCTH If HeCJ{OJ1bKO CTpOK 1I3 npo..
H3BC,ltCIIHH, J{OTOpble nYIliKHII qHTaeT C T3 KUl\11 naTpnOTHQe-
CKHM BJ{OXHOBeHHel, KaK ObI OOpalll.aHCb K 3pHTeJ1lO:
B napume poec! f.zr.e 4>al<eJl Mw.eHbH?
nOHHKHH, ran.'1IfH. r"TJ8RO(11
Ho '1TO H 3plO? fepoH C y.1JbI6KOH npHMJJpeHbR
rpHJteT c OJIUBOIO 3JIaToit
Beccnopno, 3TH CTUXH TPY,lI.Hbl .L(v'lH nOHlIMaHHH YlIeHH-
I{OB 4-ro KJ13CCa, 3D:CCb tHOrO c..'1aBHHJf3MOB, I1enOHHTlIbIX
CJ10B, HO HX fO>KIIO JIerKO 001JHCIIJiTb Ii CKa3 aTb, qTO peIJb
3,lI.eCb H,lteT 06 OTeIJeCTBeHHoH Doillle 1812 r01{a.
MO}l{IIO npOqHTaTb na ypOI(e H DOCnOI\fHHaIlHH caMoro
nYlllKHHa 0 3Ha:McnaTeJ1hHOM ,It.n51 nero C06blTHH, KOTopbIe
QtreHb XOpOllIO nepeKJIJlI<alOTCH C TOp:>KeCTBeIlHO-p3,lI.OCTIILIM
CTpoeM KapTHllbI: «51 np01JeJ1 fOli «BocnOIHHaHnH n Ua p-
CROM Ce.,'1e», CTOSI B ,ZlBYX lllarax OT ,l{ep>KaBHHa. 51 He B
u
CH.TJaX onHcaTb COCTOHHHe JI.yrnl1 MoeH: KOr,lI,a ,lI.orne.'1 SI :10
CTHxa, r,lte ynoMHII3IO HI\IS1 ,L{ep>KaBIIHa, rOol10C ?IOH orpo-
qeCI{HH 3a3BeHe..'t, a cep.l1ue 330HJIOCb C yrroJlTCJIbnbJM BOC-
Toprot... He nO:MHIO, KaK H KOHIIHJI CBoe qTCHUe, lie no 1\1 1110,
KY,lI.a yoe>KaJI. ,l{ep:>KaBHH ObJJ1 B BOCXHIIl.CIIHM, OH MITst Tpe-
DOBaJI, xoreJ1 feHH OOHstTb... l\\eJlH HCKaJ1H, HO lie HalllJlU...» I
- liTO elUe nO:\'IoraeT nepen.aTb CO.l1.ep}l{aIlHC KapTHIILI?
I A. C. n Y Of K Ii 11. nOJII1. co6p. COt). n 10 TOM8X. T. 8, M., H3Jt-FO
AH CCCP, 1959, CTp. 66.
2 3-1299
33

P3CCf\'13TpHBaff tlaJIee, lleTH OTl\leTSlT, t:fTO BCSI I<apTMIH\
npOJIli3aHa cneTOM, a 3TO elite CH.fJbHee IlO;J.qepl{IIDaeT paJlOCT-
IIO-TOp>KeCTBeHHbIH MOMeHT. OHM YBH.llHT G.71eCK H CBepK3Hue
Op,ll.eHOB, KP3COQHble JIHu.ellCKHe MYU.D.HPLI, ffpKO OCBel.UeHIIbIH
no.ll, KpaCHoe CYKHO na CTOJIe, H3 KOTOpOI, CorJlaCIlO YCT3BY,
JJe>KaJIa rparvroT3 06 yqpe*J!.cHHH J1HueH. B 3al{JIIOqnTelbHOM
CJIOBe Y1.IMTe.,TIb C.lI.eJIaeT KpaTKHe BbIBO;1.bl II npe.L(.10iKHT H3"
nHcaTb ,lI.0lallJIIee COQHlleHHe no KapTHHe.
MomHo nOKa33Tb .n.eTHM JIpyroe H300pa>KeHHe n03Ta -
«pOTO CKYJIbnTypbl P. Baxa «nYlllKHH - JIHueHCT». aTO He-
OOJIbWOll naAtHTHMK, YCTaHoB.ncHHblfI B 1899 ro.D.Y B callY
JIHII.eS1, nOJ{ ceHbIO Tex CTO.neTHHX .n.epeBbeB, KOTOpbIC C TaKHM
B.nOXHOBeHHel't1 Boenen IOHblH nYWKHH. H n03TOMY naMSlT-
HHK BoenpHIIHMaeTcSI oco6eHllo TpOraTeJlbllO H npoHMKIIO-
BellllO.
- EeTb JIH pa3JJHQHe B oO.TIliKe nYlliKHlIa na KapTHHe
PenMHa Ii n CKYJ1bnType Baxa?
l{eTH OTMeTHT, tITO y Bax OYWKHH rpycTHblH, 33J1YMtIH-
BbIH, norpY/KCHHbIil B CBOI1 MbICJlM. HHK3Koro <l>oHa H u.BeTO-
BOH raMMbl, KaK B >J:{HBonHCHO:\-1 nOJIOTlle, 3.!I.eCb HeT.
YqHTeJIb. SaKaHtlHBaH 6ece.ny, rOBopuT 0 TOM, qTO B
CKYJlbnType CBOM xy.nO>KeCTBeHHble Cpe,l1CTBa BbIpaiKCnIJ5I, e
nOl\tolllblO KOTOpblX He ltteHee rJIy6oKo paCKpbIBaIOTCS1 }fa-
CTpoelIHff, MbICJ1H JJIO.lIeii. fJIaBIIOe - 3TO peaJIbHbul OO'bel\l,
HMeJOlI.{HII ):{JIHIIY, 1lIIIPHHY H BbICOTY.
5-" KJlacc. B 5-M K.nacce yqaUHeCH H3Y1JaIOT nOBeCTb
A. c. nYWKIJHa «,QYOPODCKHI». nepeD. TeM KaK 0311aKO-
MHTb JI.eTeH c nOBeCTbIO, na,!lO npoBecTH lIeOOJIbrnYlo oece-
):{Y H KpaTI<O BcnOMHHTb MaTepHaJl 0 nYIllKHHe, npOiiJI.eHHblH
B 4-1\1 KJIaCce. 3areM yqRTeJ1b paccKaiKeT 00 HCTopnn C03D.a-
HHSI npOH3ne)I.CIIHSI, BcnOMHMT 0 TOM DpervleIlH, 0 KOTOpOM
p3CCI<a3bIBaeTCSI B npOH3Be,neIlHM, M nOKa>KeT penpO.ll)'KLlHIO
KapTHlJbI K. 3eJIeHlI.OBa «3 KOl\'IHaTax». 3Ta penp0.D.YKUJIH
,lI.OnOJIHHT nOBeCTb. ,lI.aCT npe,ll.CraBJIeHHe 0 OblTe Toro Bpel'tle-
I1H, nOMO>KeT l1.erHM B CBoeM Boo6pa>KeIIHH nepeCeJ1HTbCH B
9noxy, B KOTOpOH >KMJIH repol-1. BJIaro.lI.apst BelltaM, npe.QMe-
TaM, H306pa>KeHllulM Ha KapTHHe, 1\IO/KHO r.ny6>Ke nOHSlTb
qeJJOBeK3, KOTOpblH >KIIJI B TO Bpel\lH, npe,ltCT3BIITb ero ceoe.
,lleTII caMH paCCKa>KYT, qTO 113 K3pTH1Je nepe..a HHMII
OOJ1bllIOH 33J1 ooraroro .llOMa, BHJI.Ha aHcpMJIaJt3 KOMH3T.
BHYTpe1Jllee yopaHcTBO nOMell.{CIIHH (HHTepbep): MstrKHe
CTYJIbS1, OO.,lbllloe 3epJ<aJIO, J\fpal\10pJlbIH CTO..'I, pOHJ1b, M)'3bl-
KaJIbJlbJH llJKa, noprpeTbl B 30JIOQeUbIX pa1\faX, UaTIOp1\fOpr,
34

I'linCODbIe l\-le.naJIbOHbl C H306pa>KellHeM HCTOpHqeCKHX CO-
()hITHH, H3KOHeII-. MpaIOpHaH CTaTYH B yrJIY KorvtHaTbI - Ha-
IIOMHHaeT 06CTaHOBKY nOMa TpoeI<YPOBa, 60raToro, HO
IICne>KeCTBeHHoro H rpy6oro qe.TJOBeKa.
nOc.'1e onHcaHHH 1{3 pTHHbl neTH BHOBb B03Bpalll.3JOTcH K
JI HTepaTypHOJ\.IY TCKCTY H 3aleqaJOT, 1JTO nYWI<I1H cKyno H
JIClKOHHlIHO, nYTCl\1 KOllTpdcTHoro onllcaHHH Bbl3blBaeT 3PM-
TCJJbHLlC npe.n.CTaBJIeHM5I. Y TpOeI{YPOBa «Ha.u. rycTolO 3eJIe-
111)10 pOlllH B03BblllIaJIaCb 3e.aeHa51 KpOB.TJH H 6eJIbBe.nep
orpoMHoro Kal\;ICHHOro .lI.OMa», 3 KOl\-lllaTbl, B KOTOpblX Tpoc-
l\ypOB BCTpeqaJJ rocTefl (<<B 3a.ne HaKpbIBaJlH CTO.'1 Ha 80
npnOOpOB»), HanO:MHHaJIH KOl\111aTbI, H306pa>KeHHbJC na Kap.
TUlle K.. 3eJIeHUOBa. 11 Bce 3TO COBcpweHHO npOTHBOnOJIOLK-
110 .lI.OMY ,L{y6poBcKoro; «Ha OTI{PbJTOM MeCTe - cepCHbI{HH
JlOM I1K C KpaCHOH KpOB.,TJelO».
YlJaWHeCH, H3YtTHB Ka PTHIIY H TeKCT TlOneCTM, npHxo.u.HT K
DblBO.llY, lITO XY.llO>KlJHKH (A. nYWKHH H K. 3eJIeHLl.OB)
pa311blMH xY!I.O)KeCTBeHHbllvIH Cpe.llCTB31\-1H (O.llHH CJIOBOI,
JlpyroH KpacKaMH) H306paLKalOT cpe)lY H 06CT3HODKY, 8 KO-
TOPO" )KHBYT repOH, H liTO H306pa}KeHHe OOCTaHOBKH no-
MoraeT paCKpbITb BHYTpeHHHH 06.rIHK repoeB.
3HaKOM5ICb C repOHMH npOH3BeJI.eHUH, n51THK.TJaCCIIHKH
lIo4yncTBYIOT ,lJ.Oopoe OTHOUJeHHC nYlllKHHa K KpenOCTHbI1
.fJIO.llHM, Ol.\eHHT MX npHpOlI.lIbIii YM, HeHaBHCTb K yrHeTeHHlo,
JlYIllCBHYJO .u.06pOTY. )Ke.naTe..'1bHO nOKa3aTb IlIKOJIbIlI1Ka1
ItJJJJIOCTpal.\HH COBeTCI{HX XYLlOiKHHKOB ,LL. IIlMapl1HoBa HJIH
A. naXOfOBa K «,lI,y6pOBCKOMY», B KOTOpblX no.nqepKHYTO
nllTHKpcnOCTHHtIeCKOe co.u.epiK3HHe nOBeCTH.
HallO 06paTHTb BHHlaHHe yqalll.HXCH Ha Te HJIJIIOCTpa"
IUIH, r.u.e A. IlaxoMoB pHcyeT KpeCTb5lH (nO/Kap, lIana.u.eHHe
un cBa)lc6HLlU nOe311.), nOKa3blBaeT HX 6YHT, a TaK}Ke Ha
IIpaB)lllDOCTb H306pa}KeHHH (peaJIH3M), Y.llHBMTeJIbHOe cnJIe-
u
T('llIte TparHlIeCKHX H KOMHlIeCKHX cHTyaLl.HH, lITO xapaKTe-
IUI3yeT KaLK)lOe HCTHHHO peaJl HCTHlIeCKOe npOH3Be.rr.eHHe.
n pH qTeHHH 9nH30.lJ.a C JI.BOpOBbIM laJJbqHKOM l\\HTeH
MO>KIIO HcnO..TIb30BaTb UBeTHYIO penp0.lI.YKUHlO KapTHHbI
A. 13eHeLl.HaHoBa «3axapKa», I<OTopaH nOl\10>KeT npeJI.CTa-
"IITI, /KHBOe, CMbIW.neHoe JIHUO KpeCTbHHCKoro Ma..'1bQyraHa.
Iin BHeKJIaCCHOe 3aHHTHe peKOMeHlI.yeM BblHeCTH npOCJIY-
IIIIIIIH H He OTpbIBKOB onephI «,I:(y6pOBCKHH» KOMn03HTopa
:» IlulipaBHHKa. LJacTHQHO 3TOT iaTepHaJI MO}KHO HCnOJIb-
:.ouu II. IIH ypOKe. YqHTeJIb KpaTKO paCCKaiKeT 0 KOMn03H-
'rupr. :"')J1yap,n cI>paHII-eBHlI HanpaBHHK, qex no npOHCXO>K-
...
..
35

.n.eHHIO, nepeeXaB B neTep6ypr, oGpen 3,ZteCb B.ropYIO
pO,llHHY. B neTep6ypre OH OblJl rnaBHbIM .nnpH1KepOl\f Ii
nOCTaIIOBIllHKOM onep PYCCKHX KOl\1n03HTopOB Ha clleHe
npOCJIaB,,1IeHHOro MapHHlICKoro TeaTpa (HblIle TeaTp onepbJ
H OaJICTa Hlvl. C. /\1. KHpoBa). )l(CJIaTecl1bHo nOKa3aTb OTO
3,!!aHHH TeaTpa. 8. HanpaDHHK HanHca.TI HeCKOJIbKO onep.
«,Qy6pOBCKHH» - O,lI.Ha H3 JIY4IllHX ero onep.
XOpOllIO 3llaH TE'KCT nOBeCTH, pe6HTa noi1:MYT, ° tleM H,lleT
peqb D onepe. HanpHlept npOCJIywaB Tpno AHJ1peH ,ay6-
pOBcKoro, BJIa,zIJIl\fHpa H EropoBHbI «Bce pa,lI.OCTH CqaCTbSl
ObIJIOro» (I aKT, nepBaH KapTIIHa), .lleTH paCCKaLKYT, liTO
u
3,lleCb nepeJ[.aeTCH pa,llOCTHoe nOJIHeUHe nepBOH BCTpe'tJH, no-
qYBCTBYIOT pa31HqHe BhICOTbI Tpex rOJIOCOB. BMecTe C yqH-
TeJIeM OHH onpe,lI.e.J1T H na30BYT rOJIOca (Meuuo- conpaHO -
napTHH EropOBHbI, oac - napTHH OTua Lly6poBCKoro.
TeHOp - BJIa,lI.HMHp ,[{y6pOBCKHfl). Bo BTopon KapTHHe
nepBoro aKTa 1\10}KHO noc..1ywaTb pelIHTaTHB l\fOJIOJ[.oro ,l{y6-
pOBCKoro «I1TaK, Bce KOHlleHO», KOTOpblH CMeHHeTCSI JIac-
KOO-HeJKHOH npOCBCTJIeHHOH l\leJIO,llHeH «0, .nan MHe,
aaOBeHbe, pO,ll.HaH», BbI.Llep*aHHOH B n..rIaBllO1 pHTMe KOJIbI-
6e.nbHOH. ,[leTH 3MOUHOHaJlbHO BocnpHHHMalOT pOMaHC MallIlI
«B CBeTJIOM 10.,14aHHH», onpeJ{eJISIIOT ero ocooellHOCTIi
(l\fetlTaTeJIbHYIO JlaCrpOeHHOCTb, pa3,lJ.Yl\fbH, rpYCTb H T. .n.).
B npouecce 03HaKOMJIeHHH C onepoH yqHTeJIb paCCKa-
meT ,lI.eTHM, liTO 3a\IaCTYEO KOMn03HTOp, C03J1-alOUI.HH MY3b1-
KaJIbHbIe. npOH3Be,lJ.elIHH Ha OCHOBe nHTepaTypHoro CIO}KeTa,
oTcTynaeT OT 9TOH OCHOBbI. TaK CJIYlIHJIOCb H B AaHHOM
c.nY4ac.3. HanpaBHHK 60JIbWe BHHl\1aHHH y,lteJIHJI JIlO6BH
,lJ,y6poBcKoro H MalllH, H n03TOl\fY o6pa3 ,QYOpoBcKoro-
6eccTpallIHoro MCTHTe.1H, OBeHHHoro B nOBeCTH opeOJIOl\1
rop,aoH H CypOBOH pOl.faHTHKH, 06pHcoBaH B onepe B Jlupn'"
qeCKHX TOHax. 1131\1eIIeH H KOHen B onepe. B nYllIKHHCKOH
nOBeCTH BJIa.n.H:\1Hp ,[{YOPOBCKHH nOCJIe nonbITKH nOMellIaTb
6paKY /vlalllH C KHH3el\f BepeiicKHl\i pacrrycKaeT CBOH OTpHt(
H cKpbIBaeTcH 3a rpaul1UY. B JIH6peTTo LKe onepbl TH}KC.,TIO
paHeHbIH ,lI,y6pOBCKHH YIHpaeT na PYKax MawH. Ilpo-
c.nYllIaB .llI1HJIOr MaUlH H ,LLYOpoBcKoro H3 IV aKTa (<<Bna-
 JI.I1LYIHp, 60}Ke l\Ioii»!) H HX noc.ne,ltHHH ,!!Y9T «<llac npHl\1H"
peHbH»), ,U.CTH onpe,lI,eJIHIOT MOTI1BbI H lIacTpoeHHH, «non...
Hble ropH H OTlIaHHHH», «TOCKII H 60JIH», «npoCBeTJleUHH
H npHl\IHpeHHH», 3ByqaIIJ.He B 9THX ,llY3Tax. .
7-" KJJacc. B .l{exaope 1836 rO)1a Ha CTpaHHuax >KypHana
«CoBpelvleHHHK» 6bIna ony6JIHKOnalla nOBeCTb «anHTaH'"
36

CI<aH ,llOql{a», Ha ypOK8X, nOCBfIlI!eHHbIX aTOM nOBeCTH, me-
J1aTeJIbHO nOKa38Tb nopTpeT A. C. nYIIIKHH8 pa60Tbl B. Tpo..
nHHHHa Ii.'!H O. KHnpeHCKoro H,,TI,,TJIOCTpaUHH K nOBeCTH
B. CYPHKOB8, IT. COKOJIOBa, C. repaCHMOB8. nepeJt TeM KaK
H3YQaTb nOBeCTb «KanHTaHCKaH AOtIKa», peKOMeH.llyeM ytIH"
TeJIIO .llaTb KpaTKHH 0030p pa3BHTHH PYCCKoro HCKYCCTDa
nOCJIe.n.ueH TpeTH XV III BCKa. B TO B peMH npOHCXO,lI.HJlH
Kpy.nHeHIIIHe BOCCT8HHH, B TOM IJUCJIe BOCCTaHHe nyratIeBa.
3TO He !\iOrJIO He orpa3HTbCH Ha HCKYCCTBe TOH nOpbI.
B TBop4eCTDe xy.n.O>KHHKOB .n.e:\-IOKpaTHtIeCKOrO Hanp8BJIeHHH
POCCHH pa3BHB8JIHCb HAeH rpa>K.a8nCTBeHIIOCTH H CB060JlbI
tleJIOBeK8, CTpeMwTJeHHe K C03.n.aHHIO HCKYCCTBa BeJIHKHX
H,lI.eaJIOB.
3TO 6bIJIH apxHTeKTopLI B. Ba>KeHOB, M. Ka3aKOB,
cKy..TJbnTOpbl <1>. Illy6HH, 11. \apToc, 3. <l>aJIbKOIIe, xy.n.O>K"
IIHKH cI>. POKOTOB, ,n. JIeBHKHH, B. BOPOBHKOBCKHH, n09-
Tbl H nHcaTeollH ,a. <DOHBR3HH, r. ,QepiKaBHH, A. Pa):lHrueB.
ApxHTeKTop B. l3a>KeHoB npetlJIara.n EKaTepH.He II
n poeKT KOTJOCcaJ]blIoro Kpe!\i..'ICBCI(OrO ADOpl.la, CTpCl\.IHCb
CJI.eJIaTb ero II-eHTpOM rpaiK,a.aHcKoH mH3HI1 POCCHH, CBoe..
06P83Hbl1\1 aKpono.'ICM, r):le l\-Ior ObI co6HpaTbcH Hapo Hero
npe.nCTaBHTeJIH.
Ho npaBHTeJIbCTBO EKaTepHIIbl, nanyralllloe DO.TInOH
l<pecTbHHcKHX BoccTaHHH, oco6eHHo nyraqeBCKHM, 33npe..
THJIO cTpOHTeJIbCTBO KpeM,neBcKoro LlBOpl.la.
HeCKOJIbKO n03>Ke apxHTeKTop B. Ba>KenOB BbICTPOH",'
KpynneMIllee coopY}J{eHHe Toro BpeMeHH - .nOM ilalliKOBa
(lIblHe 3J18UHe rOCYJI.apCTBeHHOH OHOJIROTeKH CCCP
JIM. B. H. lIeIIHIIa). ,LLpyroH BblJ!.aIOIll.HHCH apXHTeKTOp
M. Ka3aKOB cnpoeKTHpOBaJI H nOCTpOHw'I 311.alIHe CeH8Ta B
KpeMJIe (HblHe 3D.8HHe npaBHTeJIbCTB8 CCCP). ApXHTeKTO"
phi llIHpOKO HCnOJIb30Ba..'1H CKYJIbnTYPY B CBOHX coopY>Ke..
IIUHX, KOTopaH C.TJY>KH.TJ8 nJIaCTHtIeCKHM H CTHJIHCTHtIeCKH1
IlonOJIHeIlHel\f, KOl\'IMeHTa pHeM K 3,!taHHIO, paCKpbIB3IOLlJ.e.:\tl
IIJlcitHblH 3al\fhlCeJI apXHTeKTop8. /v\OHYMeHTaJIbHaH CKYoI1bn..
"ypa Bbl.n.epiKHBaJI3Cb B CTpOfHX KJ1aCCHtIeCKHX <j>opMax aH-
l'JllJHoro HCKYCCTB8, BOCneB8JIa 4eJIOBeKa-rpa}K.llaIIHIIa ero
pa3YM, CTpeiJIeHHe K npocBerueHHIO. /V\O>KHO nOK33aTb Ytla-
IIlHMCH CHHMOK 1YIOHYMeHT8JIbHOrO nal\fHTHHKa TIeTPY I B
Ilcp6ypre, C03aHHoro 3. 1\-1. <l>a.nbKOIIe.
>K,HBonHcb 3Toro nepHOJla Tome ObIJI 8 C03BYQIIa H.lleHM
pYCCKoro npOCBeIlleHHH. liTO QCOOeHHO C.Ka33JIOCb H pa3BH-
"ItJt lIopTpeTHoro >K3Hpa. B CTaHOBJIeHHH H pa3BHTHlI nopT-
37

'-.., ... .
. .J.  " .
..;
"' ."
.(l'"
.,... /.11' .... .I
:. :
...... --::c... -.'- J"
..., .... .'
. _ <oj J...;_"'- - .:...;
..::.-.. ,-
.t::
. .,
j -:-. _: __...J
-..... .........:>. "',
.... ","',1; ,..-'__
i;". '"
.- a 1" ._,'
I
.."''' ........... i -
-.
;tI< ;t;"''-i-j' /
l 
}....r _.-..... '-_..
!i 1.
, 1: - I
. :-.- .'
10 .
'. . ..
--
:I.'
/
,: Y;";'-..
':...,....
,_.
..... .......... -"""'T
7 4 --.. "
-. .---:
't...".,
. ...."
'.!, .
'
Ie.
.. .-....-
--. .....-.
'Y '
t. ,\ ','
.., M.. f" ; .... -.
. I. .". ,l ';.: . ,: f.  'j- ;.2"d, ,':  .. :.
..1.. ..... " r ) ' -1
,<t
J :.' "',.....
J .
""':'J
,..'\.
i...
" f .'
t " >-i--.
...  :
..:..
. .
..  .,t.'7::-""
oi-,,-!
. ,"'" ,:T":; f .. .
': -- ,'-" ,
.j
;-'.. (
. " ;:j: ' ;r;
-,
r ,
" . '
, ..
'IS <.....
..
..... .
. i.,;,-" ...:.. ..! .:  .,:; ..
.'.'
.. .
,_  .I. J" ...}_... _ -:   ;:'01; ... 4J,..:.""'" ..#'., ,,
.t
Apx. B. Oa>l<eHOD. gUM nalllKOB8 (BUf5I1'1HOTeK8 HM. B. H. .neHHUa).
peT3 XVIII BeKa orpnMHYIO pO1b CblrpdJIH >KlIBOTIMCULI, Bhl-
llle,lIJlIHe H3 cpellbI I<penOCTHoro KpeCTbffIICTBa,- <P. POKO"
TOB, D. .neBHLlKHI1, B. BOpOBHI<OHCKIIH. H3J1,O no.n.qepI{lrYTb
triO BnepDbIe B nOJIOTH8X B. DOpOBHKODCI{OrO, 1\\. Wu-
uaHoB3, II. Epl\ICHeBa fhI BCTpeqaeM o6pa3bl npocTbIX pyc-
CKHX KpeCThHII.
3TH nporpeCCHBHbIe TeHellu.MH C03J1.a..TIH nOtfBY, na KOTO"
poft BhlpOCJIa n033HH nYlllKlIHa, BnHTaBUI3 MIlCH rp3>Kf{aU-
CTDeHHOCTlI, CBo6011bl " npOCBell.{eHII5l. nYWKHH npaBH.;1hHO
IlOIlSlJI JlYX H3 pOJUIO oCBo6011HTeJIbHOrO l1BHiKeHHSI, npaB!!Y
}KH3HH. 1--1 BnOJIHe 3aI<OHOl\;lepHO nOSlBJIeHHe B ero TBOpqeCT-
Be nCTOpHtleCKHX Tel\1, B KOTOpblX n03T CYMeJI paCKpblTb
npOlllJIOe POCCHH, If ee «npe.D.H8.:jH31JeHbe», nOHSITb 3noxy
r,,'y6}1{e, npaBH.i'IbHee, qeM MHorne H3 ero COnpCl\feHHHT<On.
Han604lTJee ueJIeCOOOpa3HbIe, HB Hall B3f.JIHR, 1\1CTOIlHQe-
CKIIC npHel\1bI H3y..eHHH nOBeC'TU «KanI1T3nCK351 JI.04I<a»-
9TO K01f:\'leHTHpOBaHHoe QTeHHe, 6ece;I.a, C}KaTLIH nepeCKa3,
l(HTMpOB3HHe H BbIpadHTeJIbHOe lJTeIIMe TeKCT3.
JIyqrne Bcero HaqaTb C onpe.n.eJIeHI1fI xapaKTepa npOH3-
Be,lI.CHHH. 0 iI<H3HH Ii C06blTI1SIX npOlliJIOrO BeKa nYIlIKHH ro-
BOpliT rrpOC'TO J oe3 ltlaJICHllien Hl(eaJII13aUHH OnHCbIDaer OH
6bIT D.BOp5111CKOi% ce'2bH C ee naTpI-lapXaJIbHbI1 YK."laJlOltf Ii
OrpaHH1JeIIIIOCTblO.
38

nYll1KHH ttacTO o6pamaeTCS1 K PYCCKOMY Ha'pOJU:lOMY
TnOpqeCTBY. B nOBeCTb BBeJI.eHbI OrpbIBKH H3 COJI,ltaTCKHX H
Cna.aeOHbIX neCeH, CeHTHMeHTaJlbllbie pOMaHCbI, KaJIl\1bIUK8H
fKa3K3 H, HaKOHen, 6YPJlanKaSI XOpOBaH B 3HaMeHHTOA cne-
lie, rJ[.e 3JIOBerae 3ByqHT «npOCTOHapO,ltHaSi neCHSI npo BHce-
JIHUY, paCneBael'tlaH JlIOJ{bMH, 06peQeHHbIf.IH BHCeJIHue». Ha..
,no oopaTHTb BHHMaHHe Ha C03BYQHOCTb H HJ(eHHYIO CBH3b
3nHrpa<pOB C cOJJ.ep>KaHHeM nOBeCTH, H3 HX n03THtJeCKYIO
3H atlHMOCTb, J) npHtlHOCTb. CJIen.yeT BbIpa3HTeJIbHO npOtlH-
TaTb, HanpH1'vfep, neCHIO H3 BOCbMOH r JI3BbI. ,l!eTH n01JyaCT"
nYIOT rpYCTHblH HaneB, TOCKY, TparHtleCKYro oe3bICXO,lUIOCTb
ce H CBH>KYT C cOJJ.ep>KaHHel\f D.aIlHOH rJlaBbI.
AHaJIH3 MO>KHO Ha1JHHaTb C Henocpen.CTBeHHbIX QHTaT( .
CKHX BnCQaTJIeHHH. XoPOwo nOKa3aTb HJIJIIOCTpanHH n. Cq
KOJIOBa K nOBeCTH, nopTpeT nyra1JeBa pa60Tbl B. CypHI{OL '
B. CypHKon8 BcerJ(B npHBneKanH KOHKpeTHbIe HCTOp
1JeCKHe JlHtlHOCTH, onpen.eJIeHHbte HCTOpHQeCKHe C06bITHSI, 0
qeM CBH,l1eTeJlbCTBYIO r KpynHeHlIIHe npOH3BeJI.eIlHH «YTpO
CTpeJIeUKOH K33HH», «TIepeXO.ll. CYBopOBa tlepe3 AJIbnbI», c
KOTOpbIIH J1.eTH 03HaKOMHJIHCb Ha ypOK3X H306pa3HTeJlbHO-
ro HCKYCCTBa. CJIeJJ.yeT HanOl'tIHHTb, qTO XYlI.O>KIIHK ObIJI
)<pynncHwMM npellCT3BHTeJIeM MCTOpH1JeCKOrO >KaHpa B >KH-
BonMCH. repOH nOOTeH B. CYPHKona Bcern.a TeCHO CBH3a-
IIbI C HapOJI.Of, tJTO COCTaBJIHeT OTJlH1JHTeJlbHYIO 1JepTY
XYllOLKHHKa, ero fJIaBHOe n.OCTOHHCTBO. )KH3Hb H cYJI.b6a
E. nyratJeBa H3.lI.aBH3 HHTepeCOa8JIa B. CYPHKOBa. Coxpa..
HHJIOCb f\.fHOrO 3CKH30B, HaopOCKOB, 9TIOn.OB, nOCBHlll.CHHbIX
nyratJeBCKOMY BOCCTaIIHIO. B qaCTHOCTH, B PYCCK01\f MY3ee
n JIeIlHIIrpalle xpaHHTCH 9CKH3 KapTHHbI B. CYPHKOB3 «ily.
ra1JeBIJ,bI», no.apOOHOCTH KOTOpOH HanOMHHaIOT onHcaHHYK>
nYllIKHHbIM B «KanHT3HCKOH JI.OtJKe» Ka3Hb ocpHnepon BeJlo-
ropCKOH KpenOCTH.
BTopoe o6parueHHe CYPHI{OBa K nyraqeBCKOH Tel\ie-
9TO HJI.TJIOCTpaUHH K «KanHTaHCKOH )I.01JKe» A. nYllIKHHa.
03HaKOIHB C He" CeMHKJIaCCHHKOB, Ha)I.O cnpOCHTb HX:
- KaKOBO OTHOllIeHHe CypHKOBa K OyratJeBY?
CYPUKOB, KaK H rIYIllKHH, c 60JIbWOH Ten..'10TOH OTHOCHT-
CSI K nyraqeBY. )l(HBonHceu nepen.a.TJ MY>KeCTBeIIIIbIC 1JepTbI
ero JIHua. BOiK,Qb KpeCTbHIICKoro BOCCTaHIIH - tleJIOneK BOJle-
no", CHJlbHbIH, npOHHKHYTbIH BUYTpeHHeH yGeiKJJ.eHHOCTbJO.
B. CYPHKOB npOHJIJIIOCTpHpOBaJI 9nU30JJ., KorJJ.a rpHHeB
IIblTaeTCSl3alltHTHTb !\\all1Y MHPOHOBY OT llIBa6pHlIa. «51 npo..
YtlY lllDa6pHH3,- CK83an rp03IIO nyraqeB.- all Y3uaeT.
39

I{3KOBO Y MeHH CBOCBOJIbHHqaTb H OOUiK3Tb H3pOJI...» 1.
3rOT pa3rOBOp nyra4eBa C rpHHeBbIM npOHCXO..'I.HT D Kpe..
CTbHHCI{OH H3ue. Ii .neTH 3aMeQa1OT, liTO B H.I1J1IOCTpaUHH
B. CypnKoD3 Ta >Ke OOCTaHOBKa, t{TO onHcalla B nOBeCTH:
BHYTpeHHee nOMerneHHe C JIaBK3MH BllOJlb CTeH, Ta6ypeTKoH
H npOCTbIM CTOJlOM, nOCnell1HO HaKpblTbIM CKaTepTblO. «TIy..
r81Jen CHJI-eJl nOlI oopa33MH, B KpaCIIOM KacpTaHe H BblCOKOii
manKe, B3>KHO nO.lI.OOqeHHCb». aTO Tome BOCC03.naHO B HJI-
JIIOCTpaUHH.
OopaTHM BHHMaHne Ha 06pa3 neTpa rpHHeBa. OnllCbY"
. .
BaH ero, JI-eTH rOBopHT, liTO y Hero npHfOH, tIeCTlIbIH B3r J1HlI.,
YCTpeMJIeHHbIH npSIMO Ha nyraQeB3, Ii BMeCTe C TeM OH «Ka.
KOB-TO xpynKHH, 6ecnOKOHHbIH» (3TO COCTOSlHHe rpHHeBa
BepHO onpeJI.eJlHer ero oecnOMOIIIHOCTb H cnaOOCTb nepe,l1
JIHUOM 60JlbIlIHX HCTopHlleCKHX COObITHA).
KOfn03Hu.IIH HJ1J1ICCTpaUHH KOHTp;tCTHO nOAqepKHBaer
pa3.;'1H1JHe oomeC1BeHHoro nOJIOmeHHSI llyraqeBa H rpHHeBa.
3TOT npHeM KOHTpaCTHOCTn BDOCJleJ1CTBHH npHOOpeJl OCO-
6yfO CHJlY B npOH3BeJI.eHHHX CYPHKOBa 80-x ro,nOB. llyraqeB
CII,lJ.HT B IIIanKe (noJ{ 06pa38MHJ). fpMHeB - B OeJlOM nanYA-
pelInOl\f napHI{e. Y nyraqena sapOClllce rYCTOH tIepnOH 6opo-
11.0" JlIIUO, Y rpHHeBa oe3ycoe JIHUO (OHomH.
TIyraqeB CH,l1HT CBo60.llHO, nenpHHY>KJ1eIlHO, nO.ll6oqe-
HHCb, BblTHHyn BnepJI Hory H CJIerKa OTKHHYBIIIHCb Ha3atI.;
on DHIIl\1aTCJlbHO, HcnblTYlOrne CMOTpHT H8 rpUIIeBa, qYBCT-
ByeTcH, tITO 011 X03HHlI nOJlO>KeHHH. 3Ta HTlJIIOCTpanHH npeJ(-
CTaBnHeT OOJIblliOH HHTepee He TonbKO co CTOpOHW CO.llep.
>KaIIHH, no H TeXIIHKH BbInOJlHfHHH. n3 qTO H8110 oopaTHTb
BHHl\f3HHe yqalIHXCH.
PHCYIlOK B. CYPHKoBa «nyraqeB B KJIeTKe», HeCMOTpH
na ero lle3aKOnQeIlHOCTb, TOlIKO H rJlYOOKO nepe113eT BHYT-
pCHHIOIO CYlIJ.IIOCTb HapoAlIoro repOH.
npHrOBopeHHblii K CMepTHOH Ka3IJR, nyraqeB coxpallSTeT
QYBCTBO JI-OCTOllIICTBa; PYKH. saKonaHlIbIe B K8HAaJlbI, OH .
CKpeCTHJI Ha rpY.l1.H H, qYTb CJI.BHHYB OpOBH, CMOTpHT nepe.!:l
couoH. Ha JIGy 33JIerJIa rJly6oK8S1 CI{J1aJI-Ka - npH3Hal{ lIa-
np5J>KeHHOH fbICJlH. ryobl nJIOTHO C>KaTbI.
- 4TO rrpHBJleKaeT B o6.nHKe nyraqeB3?
IlInpoKo OTKpbJTbJe rJIasa C KaKHM-TO OCTpbJM H O.llIJO-
I A. c. n Y III K H H. nOJIt1. cot5p. COtto n 10 TOMax. T. 6, 1\\., 113.l1-00
AH CCCP, 1954, CTp. 500.
40

npeMeHHO CKOpt5HblM Bblpa>KeHHCl\-1. B TO >Ke Bpe1S1 BO B3r JIH-
JlC nyrallcBa 1lYBCTByeTcH .l1YXODUOe npeBOCXO...rI.CTBO CToil-
KOCTb JI.yxa.
B. CYPHKOB He ycneJI HanHcaTb )<apTHHY 0 nyralleBCKOl\i
IJOCCTaHHH. Ho Y>Ke B 3CKH3e BWOOpOM .9nH30tJ.a H TpaKTOB"
I\OH 06pa3a XY.lJ.O)KHHK BblpamaeT CBOIO OOII1-HOCTb C nYlIJ-
I\HIICI<OH Ol(eHKoil fIyralleBa. Cpe.n.CTBaMH >KHBOnHCH B. Cy-
u .
PUKOB YTBep>K.lJ.aeT, lITO 3TO He «3JIo.neH H BOp», a «CJIaBHbIH
o ... u
MHTC)I{HHI{», CHllbf1blll tJeJIOaeK, KOTOpblH l1el1cTByeT cnpaBe.n-
J1I1DO Ii OJlarOpOAHO BO HMH 60JIbIllOH H.neH - OCDo6o}l{,lle-
IUIH HapO,lla.
Ha ypOKe BIIeKJIaCCHoro IITeUHSI pel{OMeIIJ1.yeM yrJIYOHTb
113YlleHue pYCCKoro HCKYCCTDa XVIII BeKa. BBoJI.HOe CJIOBO
no Tel\1e «PyccKoe HCKYCCTBO BTOpOH nOJIOBHHLI XVIII Be-
I<a» npHHaJI.J1e>KHT YlIHTeJIlO, a OT.lJ.CJIbIlble HeOOJIblllHe
Ji.OKJIa,lI.bI yqeUHKH MorYT nOJI.fOTOBHTb Ha TeMbI:
1. TnoptJecTBo apxHTeKTopoB B. 5a}KeHOBa, M. Ka3a..
KOBa.
2. PYCCKOC nopTpeTHoe HCI{YCCTDO Konu.a XVIII B.
(<I>. POKOTOB, )].. JIeBHuKHH, B. BOpOBHKOBCKHH).
3. narwfHTHHK neTpy I CKY.JIbnTOpa 3. M. cI>aJ1bKoHe.
Bo BHeKJIaCCHOe .BpeMH, B JI.onOJ1HeHHe K H3YQeHHIO «Ka-
I1HTaHCKOH ,a01.1KH», l\10}KHO npOJJ.el\10HCTpHpOBaTb O,lUIOHMelI-
HhI" KHII0<pH.l1bM pC1KHCCepa B. KanJlYlIoBCI<OrO, BhlweJI.lIIHil
B 1958 r. nOcJIe npOCl\fOTpa cpHJIbl\1a Ha Bonpoc 0 TOl\f, co-
xpaHCHbl JIH .9nH30)l.bl nOBeCTH, YllalllHec5I nOllTBepl1S1T, liTO
Dce OCHOBHble 3DHSO,llbI 'B <1>HJIbMe coxpaHeHbl (oe3 H3MeHe..
HUH nepeHeceHa KOl\'Ill03HUHSI B HJlbM, TeKCT OCTaJlC5I
nYllJKHHCKHH, pacCKa3 BeJI.eTCH OT Hl\lelIH rpHHcBa).
DOJIHOCTblO JlH <1>H.llb1 cooTBeTcTByeT nOBecTH?
ECTb HeKoTopble paCXO}K.lleHHH B H306pa>KeHHH JI.eHCT"
DYIOIll.HX J1Hl( B nOBeCTH H <1>HJIble. HanpHlep, l<oMeHJI.aIIT
'1HpoHOB 01leHb O.llarOpoJI.eH, no-cBoeMY, KaK ero BocnHTbl-
BaJIH, nOHHl\1aeT DOHIICI(HH AOJIr, npOHBJIHeT repoH3M (B TeK-
CTe YQaII1-HecSi HaxoJ{HT TaKHe CJlOBa: c.ll.oKa>Kef BCMY CBe-
TY, lITO MbI JIIO.ll.H opaBble H npHCSI>Kllble!:.), a B KH HOHJ1ble
OH nOKa3an KOMHlIHO.
8-H KJlacc. TBOplleCTBY nYWKIIHa B 9TOlti KJlaCCe OTBeAe-
HO 3Ha l IHTeJlbfIOe Mec:ro. lllKOJIbHHKH 3HaKOl'rIHTCH cera JIHPH-
Koii, KpynHbIM npoH3Be.n.eHHeM - pOl\13HOM B CTHxax «EB"
reHHH OHerHH». BOCbMHKJIaCCHHKH KpaTKo Y}Ke 03HaKOMJIe...
IILl C OHorpactJHCH I103Ta. Tenepb MomHO 60.,'lee nOJI.pOOHO
u u
paccKa38Tb 0 J1Hl..leHcl<Ol\.1 nepHOJ{c, 0 paHHeH n033IIH
41

nYUJI<Hlla, OXapaKrepH30BaTb TaKHe npOH3BeeHHH, KaK OJ1a
«BO.rIbHOCTb», «,[lepeBHSI», 3I1HrpaMMbI, 3a KOTOpble n03T
3an..'IaTHr IlleCTHJIeTHeii CCbIJIKOH. DYTellleCTBHe nYIIIKHHa
na KaBKa3, B KPbIf\1, KHlllHHeB, OJ(eccy, ,lJ.BYXJIeTHee O.!lH-
HOqeCTBO n03Ta B rJIYXOl.f, YTOHYBIIIeM B cyrpo6ax MHXaH-
JIOBCKOM,- 3TH BeXH }KH3HH n03Ta OC06ellllO 3anOMHHalOTCH
,aeTSIM.
TI03T O.l{HIIOI<, B .l{O.,1rHe 3HMHMe Be\lepa CJILIllilITCH CDI1CT
Berpa B BeplllHHaX COCCH, 3aBbIBaIIHe l'rlere.rIH If lIel<OMY npo-
qeCTb TOJIbI{O tJTO C03.l1aIlIlYIO TpareJ{HIO «60pnc rO,nYHOB».
H lllI.pyr - HeO}KH,naHHaSi «MHJIOCTb» uapH - CCbIJIKa KOII-
IIHJJaCb. n03T e,Z{eT B MOCKBY, r,lle ero HMfI, HMH C03.l{aTe.HSI
«PYC.,1ana H JIIO.!lMH..'1bl», «KanKa3CKoro n.,TJeHHHKa», «Ubi"
raH» Y}Ke lllH pOKO H3BeCTHO.
nYWKHHa He 6bIJIO B 11erep6ypre, Kor,na ero ,nPY3bH-e"
Ka6pHCTbl BbIllIJIH Ha CeHaTCK)'1O n.'lOIJI.a,llb, lIO fbICJIH"fM H
,aYlliOH OH 6LIJI C HHIH. H C 110pa3HTeJIbHOH HCHOCTbIO pac..
KpLIBaeT Cf\fbICJI BOJIbHO.,1100HBbIX CTHXOB nYlliKHlla nHCbMO
B. )l(YKOBCKoro: «Tbl HH B qeM lIe 3aMemaH, 9TO npaB.!la, HO
B 6YMarax Ka>K,noro H3 .l{eHCTDOBaBllIHX HaXO.llHTCSI CTHXH
TDOH» I. TaK DeJlHKa ObIJIa pOJIb f1YlllKHlIa B .n.eJle 60pb6bl
3 a CB0(50,ny.
0<l>Hu.HaJIbHaH MOCKna, BCH Be&lIHKOCBCTCI<aH 3HaTb npll-
HSlJIH nYIIIKHlIa XO.nO,llHO H HaCTOpO>KeHHO, a uapb liB nO.,'I5IX
pYKonHCH ApafbI «EOpliC rOJI.YH08» co6CTBelIHoPYQHO Ha-
nMCaJI: «51 CtIMTalO, qTO u.eJlb r. TIYlllKHHa 6bIJIa ObI Bblno.'1-
IIella, eCJIH 6bI 011 C HY>KHbIM OtlHw.CHHeM nepe.n.eJIaJI KOMe-
.lJ.HIO CBOIO B HCTOpHqeCI<YIO noneCTb HJIM pO:YI all II anoA06He
BaJIbTCp CKOTTa» 2.
nYlllKHH ye3>KaeT B TIercpoypr. 11 CHOBa - nLIIIIHbIe ca..
JIOHbl CBeTCKHX 6e3,neJIbHHKOB, H CHOBa «3IIarb H MO,!lbI 06..
pa3bl, Be3,ne BCTpeqaCMbJe JlHLI-3, Heo6xoAHMble rJIyrrbI».
OR npOCHT pa3perneHHH nocTynHTb BO.,10HTepOM B apMHIO,
eMY OTI<a3bIBaIOT, npOCHT OTnYCTHTb 33 rpaHHIl.Y H CHOBa
OTK33. E.lI.HHCTBCHH3H paJ10CTb - 3TO KopOTKne noe3,nKII TO
B 1\'\uxaiIJIOBCKOe, TO n Do..'lAHHO, ro B opeHoyprcKHe CTenH.
KOTOpbJe J1.aB3.,TJ H TaK M Horo .n..,1H ero TBOpqeCTBa.
no TBOpqeCKOIY B.llOXHOBellHIO H Y.lI.aqaM nopa3MreJIbH3
aceHb 1830 ro,aa, Kor.n.a TIYIlIKHH nocJle Tpex MeCHueB npe.
I B. A. IK y K 0 B C K H it Co6p. COq. B 4-x TOM8X. T. 4, M.-JI., rOl..
J1HTH3;I.aT, 1960, CTp. 368.
2 B. B. B e pee 8 e B. «nYWKH.H B >KJ.f3HH», M.- Jl, 1937, CTp. 65.
42

6blBaHHH B EOJI!1HHO npHBe3 B MocKay npOHSBeJI.eIIHst, 0 I{O-
TOpbIX C006llJJl.fJ 11. rIJIeTlleBY: «CK3>KY Te6e (3a TaHHY),
liTO SI B DOJI!1Hlle DHCaJl, KaK .u.aBijO y*e He nHCaJI. BOT qTO
H npHBe3 ClOD. a : .llBe nOCJI€'.llHl1e r JlaBhI OHerHHa, 8-10 H 9-10,
COBceM rOTOBble B netlaTb. f1oBecTb, HanHcaHHYIO OKTaBa.
MH..., HeCKOJIbKO .ll.paMaTHtleCKHX cueH, HJIH MaJICHbKHX Tpa..
re,l(HH, HMeHHO: «CKynoH phluapb», «MoLlapT H CaJIbepH»,
«f1l1p BO Bpel'tIH qYMbI» H «,[lOll )l(yan». CBepx Toro HanHca1
OKOJIO 30 1vleJIKHX CTHxoTBopeHHH. XapollIo? Eme He Bce...
HanPlCaJI Sf np03010 nHTb nOBCCTeH» 1.
PaccKa3bIB3H 06 3TOM, YIJHTeJ1b MO>KeT nOKa3aTb 20"MH-
IIYTHblH <pHJIbM no Cu.eHapHIO JI. BeJ10KypoBa «50.n.l{HHCKaH
oceHb» (MocHaYIJcpHJIbM, 1966 r.). <1>HJIb}\'1 3TOT Y.llHBHTeJIb"
HO JJHpHlJeu. flepetI. HalH npOXOJ1.HT KapTlulbI PyccKoit npH-
pO.lJ.bI, H lbI CJlOBHO norpYlKaeMcSl B n03THQecKYIO aTMocclJe.
py DOJI.l1.HHCKOH oceHH. .
«YHbIJIaSl nopal Oqeit otJapoBaHbel» - CJIbIIllCH 3a KaJI."
pOM rOJIOC ,l(HKTopa.
3BYQaT pOl'tlaHCbl nYWKHHCKHX JleT (A. AJIH6beBa,
A. BepcToBcKoro). MY3bIKa C03,AaeT npHnO,lJ.HHTOCTb, 3 a.l1.Y1'tI"
.,
lIHBOCTb, l\f bl CJ1bIlllH1v1 B Hen H lllCJIeCT JIHCTbeB .n.peDuero
BH3a no OKHaNIH OMa, npHc.nYlllHBaeMCH K cKpnny OTBO.
pHeMbIX BOpOT H KOHCKOfY TonOTY.
nYlllKHHa B <pHJ1bMC HeT, HO Bce BpeMH qYBCTByeTcH ero
npHCYTCTBHe. Mbl OIll.YI.IJ.aeM ero naCTpoeHHe, JI.Yfbl, ero
«)KHBOe ,l(bIXaHHe»; CJIbIIllHM BOJIllleOHbIe CTpOKH era n033HH.
raC!leT CBeqa, JI.orOpaeT KaIHH, pOBHbIMH Y.l1.apa111 6blOT
qaCLI, OTMetJaH 6er Bpel'YleIlH. OYWKHII npo)tOJIJKaeT
nMcaTb - npOXOHT KpynHbIM nJlaHOM Ha 9KpaHe CTpaHHQ-
KH H3 X rJ1aBbI «EBreHHH OHerHHa», 3ByqaT CTHXH 0
Mope, pOMaHc .4. BOpO,l1HlIa «,L{J1H 6eperoB OT4H3HbI )taJlb-
Heft...».
nOCJ1e npOCl'tIOTpa $HJ1bMa 1\10>KHO npOCJIyrn3Tb H po..
MaHC H. PHMC){Oro-KopCal{OBa «,QJIH 6eperOB OTQU311bl
.l1.aJIbHeH». CKOpOh Jll068H B rJIYOOKO neqa.TJbHOM pOl\tlaHce
DOpOJI.HHa H CBeTJIOe BocnOfHHaHHe 0 JlI06BH B pOMaHCC
PHMC]{Oro..KopcaKOBa C03,l(aIOT B BOOOpa)KCHHH c.nYlllaTC-
.,1eH pa3IIbIe M)'3bIKaJIbHbIC 06pa3bJ, pOiK.lI.alOT pa311ble lIa-
CTpoeHHSI.
30-e rOJ(bI - 3aK.TIIOQHTeJIbHbIH aKKOp!1 B TBOpqeCTBe H
I'
1 A. C. 11 Y W K H H. nOJJH. coop. COq. B 10 TO2ax. T. 10, M., 113-8o
Al-l CCCP, 1958, CTp. 324.
43

}KH3HH nYIllKHHa. f10JIHTHQeCKHe COObITMH Toro BpeMCHII
(KpeCTbHIICKIIe BO.TJHeIlHH, BoopY>KeIIlJbIC BOCCTaIlHH D BO-
ellIIbIX noce.neHHHX, «XOJ1epHbIe 6YHTbI» B POCCHH, opO>Ke..
HHe B CTpaHax EBpOTIbI - peno. r 1l0IJ.HH 1830 r. BO paHuHH,
nO..rIbCKOe BoccTaHne) YCHJIH.TJH BIIHlaHHe n03Ta K Bonpo-
caM HCTOpHqeCKOrO pa3BHTHH, K npOOJIeMaM JIHQHOCTH H3
COUJlaJIbHbIX IIH30B II npeJIOMHJIHCb B pa311000pa3HbIx >RaH-
pax ero TBOpqeCTBa (cTHxax, n03Max, HCTOpHQeCKHX nOBe..
CTHX, JIHTepaTypHo..KpHTHtleCKHX CTaTbHX B C03,llaIIIIOM HI
>KypHa.TIe «CoBpervIeHIIHK»).
Ho paocTb TBoptJecTDa oMpatJH.,TJaCb >KeCTOKOH TpaBJIeH
nYUlI{HHa apcKH:rv1 .D.BOP0J\.f.
fl03T OCKopo.'1eIl, 06'LHT TOCKOi'f, OT1JaHHlieM, rpycTblO.
11 3TO ero COCTOHHHe C 60JIbllIOH nCHXOJIOrHtleCKoH Bblpa3H-
TeJ1bIIOCTblO nOCC03,QaJI B CBOelrl pHcyuKe XYllO>KHHK
B. CepoB.
Ha pncYHKe n03T H300pa>KeH B r.nyooKoH 3a.l1YfqHDOCTH.
On CH.l{HT, C.1JerKa cropoHBIlIHCb, PYKa TH}I{eJ10 onHpaeTcSI Ha
u
nepIIJIa CKaMeHKH, CY.l{0pOiKHO II KpenKo CII.enHJIHCb naJIbII.bI
PYK. B3r JIH.l1 ero I1enO,QBM)KeH Ii rOCpe.ll.OTOqeH. Ha JlHe BMn.-
Ha J\.fYllHTetl1bHaSi pa60Ta MbICJIII, qrO-TO ero 01lCHb TpeBO>KHT,
He .n.aeT nOKOH. O;U.UYOtJeCTBY, OTpCIlIeHHOCTH n03Ta KaK ObI
BTOpHT oceHHSlH npl1pOlla - nYIllKHH H300pa:>KeH I1a <pOHe
o
rOJlbIX BerBeH, y no,nnomuH qepHblX CTBOJIOB rpYAbI onaBIllHX
JIHCTbeB, B.lI.a.TJH nJIbIBYT HH3Kue TeMHbIe TYtIH. <l>Hrypa
nYlllKHHa, ero n03a, COqeTaHHe ceporo, qepHOrO H oeJIoro
II.BeTOB H C03.D.a1OT Bne1.JaTJICHlie rpYCTIIO"JIHpHqeCKOrO lIa-
CTpoeHHH.
HacTynaeT nOCJle,n.HliH nepMOn. >KH3HII IlYUII{HIIa. COOO-
meHHe 0 xo.n.e .lI.Y3nH nOHBI1JIOCb B KpynHeHllieM eBponeA..
CKOM il<ypnaJIe COpOKOBblX rOJlOB npOlliJIOrO CTO.,'1eTHH: «Bce
3TO npOHCXO,llHJIO B HHBape... ,Qnoe caneH, COnpOBO:>K,Qae-
Mble KapCTOI1, BhIeXaJIH H3 ropon.a... 06a npOTHBHHKa BOllI"
JlH B neOOJIblllYIO oepe30nyIO POlllY. Hx ceKYH.lI.allTbl - 06a
BeCbI\ola .lI.0CTOHHble JIIOn.H - BbJOpaJiH nJIOmaAI<Y cpen.H npo-
ceKH, oopa30BalllIOH .n.epeBbHMII... nYllIKHH lIaOJIIOn.aJl aa
HX .nCHCTBHHMH neTepneJlMBbII\1 H naCMypHbINI B3rJISI,QOl\f.
I(aK TOJIbKO neqaJIbHble npHrOTOBJleHHH OblJIH SaKOHqellbl,
conepHllI{H CTaJIH ,npyr npOTHB ,lJ.pyra... BblJI nO,lJ.aH 311aK.
r. JJ.aHTec c.n.eJIaJI HeCKOJIbKO warOB, Me,nJIeHIIO nO,!J.IISlJI
cuoe opY>KHe, B TOT >Ke MHr pa3aJlCH BbICTpeJl. nYWKHH
ynaJI: ero npOTHBUI1K 6pOCHJICH K HeMY... «CTOH!» KPHKHY.1
paHeHbIil, nblTaHCb npMnOJJ.I1HTbCjf".. n03T. nepeueCH C TPY.
44

!tOM TH>KeCTb CBOero Kopnyca Ha .'1CBYJO PYKY, CTa.T1 .n,OJTrO
IlCJlHTbCH. OH B3HJI ,npyroH nHCTO.'1eT II DbICTpeJ1HJ1. r. ,l{aH"
Tee nOlllaTIIYJ1CH H, B CBOIO OtJepellb yna.,1. n03r HcnYCTH.TJ
JJHKYIOII.{HH KPHK= «OH y6HTI». Ho 3Ta pa.!I.OCTb .!I.JIHJIaCb
HeJl.OJIro. r. ,QaHTec npHnOJI.HHJICH: OH 6bI.TJ paHCH B nJ1eQo:
paHa He npe.nCTaB.1JHJIa HHKaKOH onaCIIOCTH. nYWKHH nOTe..
PH." C03HaIIHe. Ero nepeHeCJIH B KapeTY H Bce c rpYCTblO
HanpaaH..TJHCb B ropo.ZI.» 1.
no .l10pore AOMOH nYWKHH npHlileOlTJ B CCOH H cKa3a0l1
):laH3acy, CBoeMY ceKYHJ{aIlTY H JH1UeHCKO}IY TOBapHIl\Y:
«ECJIH Mon palla ClVIepTeJ1bHa, TbI MIle 3TO CKa>KeIllb. MeHH
lie Hcnyraemb. 51 >KHTb He XOtJY».. 9TH CJIOBa paCI<pblBalOT
BCIO rJlYOHHY TparH31\fa, nepe)KHTOrO nYlllKHHbIM.
nOJI- lIa6J1IOAeHHeM CKYJIbnTOpa C. raJIbOepra cpOpMOB-
llJ.HKOl\l EaJIHIIbIl't1 ObIJ1a CHHTa rHnCOBaH MaCKa C JIHua
nYIllKHHa. OpHrHlIaJI C nOJI-nHcblO CKYJIbnTOpa xpaHHTCH B
rOCY.llapCTBeHHOM MY3ee A. C. nYWKHHa (\OCI<Ba). C 3TO"
ro opHrHHa.na ow.no OTJIHTO H3 MeraJIJ1a OI{0J10 nHTHaAuaTH
MaCOK, HO ceuqac MX cOXpaHHJIOCb OqeHb Ma.,10. nOCl\lepT-
Hast MaCKa nepBoro OTJIH08 XpE'.HHTCH Tal\f me, B 1\IY3ee
A. c. nymJ{HHa; 3aTeM B nYUIKHHCI{OM ,aOMe AH CCCP
(r. JIeHHHrpaJl.); D 6n6JIHOTeKe TapTyccKoro YHHBepcHTeTa
(no.!1apIfJIa MaCKY 6HO.,1HoTeKe n. A. OCHnoBa B 1856 r.);
B OpeHoyprcKoM 06J1aCTHOM KpaeBeJtqeCKOf 1Y3ee xpaHHTCst
MaCKa, npHHa.llJIeiKaBlllaH B. ,[la.,110 - OOJIbIDOMY ,npyry
nYWKHHa, Bpa'lY H «CKaS01JHHKY», nOBeCTHMH Kotoporo
nymKHH TaK BOCXHlI.{aJICH.
CKYJIbnTypHble HSOOpa>KeHHH nYWKHHa, KpoMe 3TOH
rHnCOBOH MaCKH, Bce nocMepTHbl. PaHbwe n.PyrHx nOftBH"
JIaCb CTaTY3TKa CKYJ1bnrOpa H. TepeoeHeBa, KOTOpaJi nepc..
.n.aeT nopTpeTlIoe CXOJlCTBO, H ocooeIIHo neHHa TeM, qfo,
H300pa>KaH n03Ta DO neCb pOCT, .lI.aeT eJIe YJIOBHMbIH Hal\.fel{
lIa xapaKTCp ero .lI.BH>KeHHH H nocTynH. ,QBa npyrHx CKYJIbn..
Topa, TO}Ke conpeMeHHHKH nymKHHa, C. ranboepr H A. BH"
TaJlH neJIanH OIOCTbI TIYWKHHa, nOJIb3YSlCb faCKOH n03Ta,
CBoeu 3pHTeJIbHOH naMSlTblO (06a 3HaJIH nYWKHHa) H no..
MOIUblO 6J1H3KHX H Jtpyseil nOI{OHIIOrO n03Ta, XOpOIllO
nOIHHBllJHX oco6eHHOCTH ero 06JIHKa. 3TH nepObIe no..
Cl\fepTHble CKYJIbnTyplIble H306pa>KeHHH ,noCTa rotJHO J(OCTO-
BepHbI.
I A. C. n y W K H H. BpeMeHHHK nYIJ1KHIIC[{Ofl KOMHCCHH, M.- Jl.,
1939. CTp. 417.
45

COneTC}{HH XY1I.O>KJ-IHK B. <})aBopCKJin B 1930 r. B qCpJIOH
aKBapeJIH nHUler «1-IaTlOpMopr C MaCKOH nYWKHHa», r)J.e
ll306pa}KeH3 6e..TJaH rHnCOBBH l'tlaCKa n03Ta, CTaKaH C Ka..
paH.namaMH, JIHCTbl pYKonHCH. 3TOT H3TIOpMOpT 3ByqHT I<3K
. CII u
«peKBHef», 1\1paqJIbIH, TOp>KeCTBeHHbIH, HO H B03BbIIlIeHHbB1
B TO :>Ke BpeMH.
I-Ia.n: MOrllJIOH nYIIIKHHa POCCHH YCJIbIllIaJIa rOJIoe 1I0BO-
ro n09Ta - M. "TJepMoHTOBa, OpOCHBIllero Cf\'le"TJbIH Bbl30n
naJIaqaM «cB060J.lbI, reHHH Ii C.nanbI». nYlllKHHY npHIlle"T}
nOKJIOHHTbCH 11 crY.l1eHT DeTep6yprcKoro YIII1BepCHTeTa
H. C. TypreHeB, KOTOpblH nnOCJIe.ll.CTBHH BCnOfJlHaJI: «nym..
KHII OblJI B TY 9noxy ,QJIH MeHH, KaK H .n.JJH MIlorHX l\-fOHX
CBepCTHHKOB, qe1-TO Bpo,ae no.nyoor3.». Ii B .n.a.ne({OH rep-
CII ell
MaHlfH M 0.,'1 OJI.OH cnY>KalIU1H pyccKoro nOCOJIbCTBa
<1>. H. TIOTQeB nHCaJI, o6patnaHCb R y6HTOMY n03TY: «Te6fl,
KaK nepBYlo JIIOOOBb, POCClIH cep.u.ue He 3a6Y,QeT».
B TBOpqeCTBe OYlllKHIIa OTpa3HJIOCb Bce MHorooopa3He
MHpa, oomeCTBeHHOi{ >KH3HH, npHpOJIbI, Bce cyw.eCTneUlICH"
lllMe l'rJOMeIITbI .PycCKoii H MHpOBOH HCTOpHH, KaK npe.nmeCT-
BYlOl.I.teH, TaK II COBpeMeIlIIOH eIY. no pa3Hoo6paHIO TCM
TBOpqeCTBO nYlIIKJIHa He 3HaeT ce6e paBllblx. Ero BceMHp"
1I0-HCTOPUQCCKOe 3HaqeHHe 3aKJIIOqaeTCH B TOf, liTO n03T He
TOJIbKO OCY.ll.M.,1 q,eO.!I.aJlbHO"KpenOCTHHIIeCKYIO cnCTeMY B CBO"
. u
nx npOH3Be,lI.eHHHX, HO nO,lI.HHJI CBOH rOol10C npOTJlB TO" CU..
CTeMbl pa6CTBa, KOTOPYIO HeCJla lIe.TJOBeQeCTBY «HOBefllllaH»,
T. e. 6ypJKya3HaSI UHBHJIH3all.HH B CTpaHax 3ana.aHOH EBPO"
nbI H AMepHI{M.
n033I1H flYUIKHH3 SlBHJIaCb HeHClIepnaeMbIM HCTOqHHKO1
oooraellHH HaUlIOHaJIbHblX JIH'repaTYp. nYUlKHH 6bIJI JIIO"
6HMbIM n09TOM Tapaca llleBQeIlKO, 0 qeM rOBopHT ero Bbl"
CKa3bIBaHHSI B «I1eBHHKe», nOBeCTHX, HanMC3HHblX Ha pyc..
CKOM H3bIKe (<<n porYJIKa C YllOBOJIbCTBHeM H He oe3 Mopa..
JIll»). Era BJIHSlHlIe HCnbITaJIli JIecH YKpallHKa H 11naH
<l>paIII{O, KOTOpblH f\fJIoro nepeBoJ\HJI nYWKHHa Ha YKpauH-
CI{HM H3bIK, B qaCTHOCTH JtpaMY «OOpHC rO.aYIIOB», «Ma"leHb-
KHe TparellHH», nymKHHcKYIO JIHpHKY. A 3.l1yapJ1 BarpH"
U.KHH BbIpa3l1JI B CBOHX CTHxax npM3HaHHe, nOKJI0HellHe H
r.ny6oKYIO J11060Bb coneTCKHX n03TOB K I1YUlKHHY:
SI )!CTHJI 3:1 nYIUKHHa no,!l nepeKonOM,
51 nYWKHHa llepC3 YpaJJ I1pOHCC,
H c nYWKHHbl! WaTall'lCSI no OKonaM,
46

nOKpblTbIH BWaMH, roJlo)teli H 6oc.
H Cep.lJ.lle KOnOTHJJOCb 6eaOTQeTHO,
13 r Jla38X CBeT JlenO, BeTep H aneT3.'1,
Ii B nneCKC nYJlb, CKB03b rOJloc nyneMeTHblA
51 BJI.OXHoneIlIlO nYWKHHa tlHTan.
* * *
I1Jlyr rO;J.8 JI.oporoii HeYKJIOIIIIOA,
I(JIoKolJeT B CepJlLle neceHHblH npH3blB.
l!BeTeT DeCH8.
li TIYlllKIfH oToMlllellllblH
Bee TaK iKe Cn8,lJ.OCTHO BOJIbHO.'1106HB.
HaCTOSlTeJIbHO peKOl\-leH.llye1v1 YLJHTeJIIO npOqllTaTb Han-
3YCTb 3TH CTHXH, HOO BJlOXIIODellllbIe CTpOKH Barpl1UKOrO
C03aalOT onpe4eJIeHHOe n03THqCKOe HaCTpOeHHe H nOMOra-
lOT rJIy6>Ke DOCnpHHHl\laTL n033HlO nYlllKHHa.
H3YQeHHe TBOpqeCTDa nYlllKI1113 B 8-1\1 KJIaCCe JI.OJI>KHO
npoxO.llHTb Ha lllHpOKOM l\tIaTepHa'Ie pa3BHTHH Bcero HCI{YC"
CTBa nepBOH TpeTH XIX B.
B TeqeHHe 23-x qaCOB, OTBeD,CHHbIX WKO.'IbHOH npofpal-
MOH Ha H3YQeHHe TBOpqeCTBa nYlIIKHHa B 9TO] KJJaCCC,
YtJHTeJIb .nOJI>KeH CD,c.naTb He6oJIbIIJoil 0030p npoH3BeJJ.eHHH
IICKYCCTBa nYIIlKHHCI{OH nopbI, HCnOJIb3YH npH 3TOM lJ..'I..'IIO"
cTpaUHH >KHBOnHCHbIX H cKy.nbflTypHbIX H306pa>KeHHH fl03-
Ta, aBTonopTpeTbl H pncYHKH caloro nYIlIKHHa, <l>HJIb1\f
«I<aK pa60TaJI n03T», 1\1Y3LII<aJIbHbIC npoH3De.n.eHHH.
npH oT6ope MaTepHa.;1a Y4HTeJII0 na,no PYKOBo.n.cTBona..
TbCH, B nepDYIO 01lepe,n.b, ero H,neHHo-3CTeTHQeCKHMH Kaqe..
CTsarVIH, HCII0..'1b30BaTb TO, lITO C0311aHO BeJIHI{HMH xy,nO)l{-
JlHKaMH-pea.nnCT31\1H npOlllJIOrO H COBeTCKHl\1H XYJJ.O>K-
II H 1< a 111.
HCI<YCCTBO nepBOH TpeTH XIX B., npO.ll.OJl)l{aH pa3BH-
BaTb BOJlbHOtl1106HBble Tpa.ll.HUHlJ XVI I I D., YTBepiK,lI.a.no
H,neH BceHapOllHoro TOp)l{eCTBa I106e.n.bJ B Ore4eCTBellHOl1
BOHlle 1812 f., OCBooo,nHTe.J1bHbIe H,neH .lI.BOpHHCKHX pCBO-
JIIOU.HOllepOB.
B HaHOHaJIbHO-OCBooo,nHTeJlblJOH BOHne 1812 r. npo..
SlBHJIaCb OrpOl'tIHaH HpaBcTBeHHaH CHJIa HapOD,a, KOTopaSl
nOBepnYJI a TDOpqeCTBO MHOfHX nncaTcJleil, n03TOB, xy,n.O>K"
HIfKOB H3 nYTb nporpeccHDlIoro pa3BHTHH HCKyccTBa. Y}I{C
IOHOllleCKHe CTHXH nYllIKHHa oTpa>KaJIlI BbICOI{He n3TpHo-
THtleCKHe lID,en (<<BocnoMHHaHHSI B UapcKoM ceJIe»).
47

,..
(
t.'-
.
f

- ,/
:- .
,-
} ,. 4.
I ._
"
\.
....!.:
.;,;.... ....
1.'.4Ir,
.
l,_

.'-t
f';
1.....0
:
., -.'
"
r.
'.i"
l''i'"
.l
,  J
. '
.}.
- '"
. :t'.

.
r
'r
'I'
<..
....,,i.
, ,,'
-...
.,
'"
, ':
".. ..........'"t.
. (
;}-..
i ""t-
','
t  \
"-1 \..
i'r\',
-..
....
. -'"
s: ..
.
J - -...
"
,'" :J;,c
{.", "'i ,t.
."''1-
-..:
'!"
".
.j;
, .
"'>

H
..:- tr.I
.-_.,.,-,
. ,, ' ; . : . ' . t
'. .. "';'I!-
,;" ._'..-=t;;.' .rl",{:.:..
- - V;
. ,
11 \1.apToc naMflTHHK 7\111 BHHY H nO){{SpCKOMY.
....j....
...:.
+o.:::J.. .7
r
t
- ---."
J
... '-.
....".
f-.
.... ..
.... '\'"
'.>
'. _::i .
. ..\i
}-


naTpHOTMqCCKIIe H!leu OTpa3HJJHCb B TBOplJeCTBe Dbl;I.a-
IOll.lcrOCH COBpe1\1eHHHl<a IlYllIKHHa, CK)'JIbnTOpa 11. Map-
Toca. Ero nafHTHHK '\HHUHY H nOapCKOl\IY, OTKpblTbllf
D 1818 r. H3 KpacHoH nJIOllla.lI.H B HCnene.1IeHHOH, HO OCBO"
OO}K,lleHllOH lv\oCI(Be noc..TJe H3rHaHHH <ppauUY30B, 6bIII' nep-
BbIM cI<YJIbnTyplIbll\1 coopYiKeHHe1\t B ropo,Qe.
B TO Bpe'IH B HallIHX ropo;I.ax nOqTH He CYWCCTBona.'lO
CKYJIbnTypllLIX naA-lTHHKOB: Ubl.l1M .1IHlllb B OeTepoypre ]I.Ba
Jl3MSlTHHKa DeTpy OepBOMY pa60TbI B. B. PaCTpeJI..TJH M
9. 1\1. cI>aJ1LKOIIe II naMHTHHK CynopoBY cKYJIbnTOpa M. K03"
wlOBCKoro (TOJKe B IleTepoypre).
YTnep*JI.eIlHe UapOJI.HoCTH, HaHOHall'lbIlLIX TpaAMLl.HII
CTaIIOBHTCSI 3HaMeHe1 XY.lI.OiKHHKOB' 3TOfl nopbl. Ha aKa.ll.e..
1\iHlJecKolI BLIcraBKe 1836 r. nOH13H.naCb cKY.1IbnTypa H. nH"
1\1CHOBa-l\11a,lllllerO - «DapeHb, HrpalOw.HH B 6a6KH». Te-
MOll ee CTaJla pYCCKaH HapOJl-HaH Hrpa, liTO 6bIJIO COBeprneH-
110 HOBbIf B MCKYCCTBe. )l(e.1IaTeJIbllO nOKa3aTb yqal.lI-MMCH
1I306pa)KeHHe CKYJ1bnTYpw H 06paTHTb HX BHH,1aHHe na
H.lI.eaJIbHbIe nponOpu.HH qeJIOBeqeCKOrO TCJIa, nanOMHuaJOI.U.He
cHITJ14IIYIO CKY.l1bIITYPY (<<,LlHCKOOU.1I» MHpOHa). BnOC.1Ie,!{CT"
BI1M CTaTYH t'SbIJIa nOCTaB.1eHa D UapCKOM CCJIe (HLIHe
r. I1YlllKHH) ncpcn. AJIeKCalI.lI.pOBCI{MM .aBOpU.Ol.
BblCTaDI<y noceTH..TJ OYlllKHH, nO}l{aJI PYKY cKy.nbIITOpy H
CKa3aJI: «CJJ aBa 60ryf HaKOHCll II CKY.1IbnTypa B POCCHH
n05IBMJIaCb HapO,QHaH». 3aTel\f all JI.oJJro BCM&TpHBa.1ICH, pa3.
r1l1fl,rr.WBaH ce co ncex CTopon, H TYT }Ke lIanl1Ca.,l1 CTUXlf:
IOHoma TPHiKJlbI warHYJI, HaK,,10IlH.nC5I, PYKOli 0 KOJIeHO
Eo.!1po onepcn, ,n.Pyrolf nO,lJ,HH"l I\It'TKYIO KOCTb.
BOT Y}J{ npHlle.JJJ1JlcH... IIp011bl pa3)I.aHCH, Hapo;J. JII060nblTHblit
Dp03b paccT)'rlllcL; lie McwaH PycCKoH y.u.C1JIOH Hrpe. l
B apXHTel{Type nYllIKHHCKOH 3nOXH TaKJKe OTpa3HJ1HCb
BLICO}{He naTpHOTHIIeCKHe M rpa}K,!1aHCKHC H,!{eH If HaCTpOe-
11 USI. 30qHe Toro Bpel\-leHH oco6oe BllMl\faIlMe y;I.e.,l1S1JIH C03-
.n.aHMfO 06lIlHpHblX rOpOn.CKHX nJIOrna.ll.eH, KOTOpbIe j:lO.'l>KHbl
6LIJIH CTaTb u.eIITpaH rpa>K,!{aHCKOH )KH3HH. OOCTpOHKH
OpralIHQHO CB5I3bIB3011HCb C y.nH1IHbIMH MarHCTpaJIHl\IH, YTpa-
4UBaH 3afKHYTbliI yca.ae6HbIH Xapal{Tep, C03,naBaJIHCb CTpOH"
HbIC apXHTeKTypHbIe aIIC8l\16.1IH, onpe,lI.ell'lHIOI.U.Me 06.1IHK, CM"
JIY3T rOpO.lla B UC..1]c)M. K TaKHM COOpYiKeHMHM OTHOCHTCH
J It C. 11 Y UI K H H. nOJlH. co6p. COq. 13 10 10tax. T. 3 , M., 113,lJ.-BO
AU CCCP , 1957, CTp. 377.
49

rrpe>KJI.e BCero 3.l1.aIlMe A.zU\1HpaJITeHCTB3, C03J1.aHIIOe apxlI-
TeKTOpO1 A. 3aXapOBb1M, CKYJIbnrOpal'iIH H. Tepe6eHeBbll\1,
C. IlUlVleHOBbIM, <P. I..Ue;!J.pHHbIM.
nOKa3bIDa51 q,OTO 3,!1aHHH AD.MHpaJITeHCTBa, MO>KIIO OJ{-
HOBpeMeHHO BCnOIUI1Tb nYUlJ(I1lICKHe CTpOKH:
...KOrJl.a H B KOMIJaTe MOeH
nHWY, QHT810 6e3 ..'IaMna]J.bI,
11 HCH bJ enS! IIlHe rpOM a..'lbl
nYCTbJIlIIblX YJIIIU, H COeTJla
AJ1.Mllpa.rJTe(H.'KaSI Hr na...
5alllllH H 3o..'10TOH lllnnlb aJI.fHpaJITeHCKOH HrJIbI, nO;!J.o6..
110 J\.faHKY, BCer.ll.a DH.l1Hbl CO BCeX KOHOB rOpOJI.a H npOtJHO
BOlliJIH B ero COBpef\1eIlHbIl1 OO.f1HK.
OpeOJIOM n06et1.bI 1812 r. OBeSlHO 3;!J.3I1He rJIaBHOrO lIlT a-
oa PYCCI{OH apfHH B fleTep6ypre (apXHTeKTOp K. POCCH
CKYJ1bnTOpbI c. nHMe110D B. ,L{cMYT-Ma.,1HHOBCKHH). 3TH
3aKpyr.'IeHHaH Kaf\feHHa51 rpOl\faJJ.a 06pa3yeT BMeCTe co 3.lI.a-
llHeM 3HMHero ABopua n0)106He rpaHlIJI03HOro 3aJIa, npe!}."
Jla311a4elllloro JI.JIS] noellIlblX napai}.OD.
CJ1eJI.yer OTMeTHTb, 41'0 Bce Ha3BaHIIble apXHTeKTopbl Ii
CKYJ1bnTOpbI npOll",'H B MOJI0,l10CTH IllKOJIY B. Oa>KeHOBa Ii
M. Ka3aKOBa H DHCCJ1U naTpHOTHqeCKYIO H rpaiK.!J.aUCTBeu..
HYIO CTPYIO B HCKYCCTBO 30;!J.qHX Hatla13 XIX B.
C Hl\-ICHafH B. Ba>KeHOBa H M. Ka3aKoBa CBH3aHO Ii
TBOpqeCT80 apxHTeKTopa 11. BODe, KOTOpbIH MHoro c.lI.eJIaJI
.ll.'IH apxHTeKTypHoro 06HOBJIeHH5I MOCKBbI nOCJ1e nO>Kapa
1812 r. H. BOBe C03)13..TJ TPH aHCaM6JIH - KpacHYIO nJIO-
w.a.LI.b, AJ1CKCaH,!1pODCKHH ca,H" TeaTpaJIbllYIO nJIOIll.a.lI.b. ,L{o
lIalllHX JI.JleH COXpaJlH.HMcb OCT3TI<H ero apxHTeKTypHbIX an..
CaMOJIeH - 3.naHHH Mall,oro TeaTpa H M3Hema.
KpacHBble orpoMHbIe nJ10Ill.a,lI.H B ueHTpe ropo.lla, COe.llH"
HeHHbIe e.LI.HHbll\fH no CTH.110 apxHTeKTypbJ ccopYlKeHHflMH,
npe06pa3HJIH 06J1MK MOCI{Bbl H Bblpa3HJ1H HOBoe K Heir OT-
HOllleHHe KaK K IJ.eHTpy POCCHH. YCTaHOBJ1eHHbIH TOr.lla me
Ha KpaCHOH nJIOl.lI-a.llH naM51TIlHK MHIIMllY H nO>KapCKOMY
nO,lI.qepKHYJ1 naTpHOTHQeCKHA xapaKTep Bcero rpaHAH03Horo
u.eIlTpaJIbHOrO a IICaM6JIH.
PYCCK3SI >KHBOnHCb nepBOH TpeTH XIX B. npcl1CTaBJICHa
cOBpeMeHHHKal\1H nYUII{IHla - 6111HCTaTeJIblIbTMH HfenaMH
O. KHnpcHcKoro, B. TpOI1HHHBa, K. fiplO.fJ.FI0Ba, A. BeHeUHa-
1I0Ba, c. IUe)lpHII3. Bce olin BH.lleJ1H nYllKHHa, qHTaJIH ero
CTUXH H BOCTOpraJIHCb lIl'ttH. lllupoKo 113BeCTlIbJ l1Ba nopTpeT3
50

nYlIJKitHa, HanHCaHHble O. KlfnpeHCKHl\f H B. TpOnHHHHbt1\1.
Pel{0111CH.ayeM nOKa33Th KJ1accy 9TH nOpTpCTLI. )KaHp nOpT-
peTa Y>Ke 311aKOM yqalllHMCH, H Teneph IVIO>KIIO npOBeCTH pa-
OOTY 60JIee CJIO>KHYJO - CpaBHHTb nOpTpeT TIYllIKHHa, C03-
AallIlbIH .aBYMH pa3HhIMH XYJIcO>KHHKar.IH.
CJIe.nyeT nOOqepeJI.HO nOKa3BTb YQeIlI1KaM nopTpeTbI
nYllIKHHa, H OHM, cpaBHHB, CaMI1 OTBeT5IT, liTO nopTpeThl
«nOXO>KJI», HO B TO me BpeMH H «pa3HbIe». YlIUTe,.'Iu ,lI.o6a..
BHT, qTO B pYKax XYl10}KHHKa..nopTpeTHcTa Bcerna eCTb cpe.l1."
CTB3 B03BeJIH4HTb CBoero repo51 HJIH YHH3HTb, BbIpa3HTb
CBoe BOCXHrneHHe, CBOIO JIIo6oBb HJ1H npe3peHHe H HeHaBHCTb.
n paaJlHBocTb, }J{H3HeHHOCTb nopTpcTa 3HKJIIOQaeTCH He TO.rIb-
I{O BO BHelllHeM CXOJlCTBe, 110, rJI8HHhl"l 06pa30M, B TOM,
HaCKOol'bKO oueHKa, .n.aHHaS1 XY.LI.OJKHHKOI, COOTBeTcTByeT
OO'LCJ{THBIILIM KatleCTBaM nopTpeTl1pyeMoro.
BecTH 6ecey TOol1bKO lIa OCHone aHa.TJH3a 1I.BYX nopTpe-
TOB TPYJl.HO ,lI.a>Ke 8 8 KJl8CCe, n03TOMY J1yqllIe COqeTaTb Bon-
pOCbI C paCCKa30l\1 06 HCTOplfH C03.llaHMH nopTpeToB.
nOqTH OJUIOBpeMelllIo OT JJ.pY3eit nYlllKHlla 9TH Xyn.O}l{IIH"
Kif nOJIyqaJOT npe.nJIO>KeHHe HannC3Tb nopTpeT npOCJIaB.TJCH-
Horo n03Ta. Kor.LI.a rlyrnKHH noc..Tle rneCTHJIeTHeH CCbl. r l1{H
npHeXaJI B MacKay, 011 BCTpeTHJICSI co cTapbIM .apyroM C. Ca-
6oneBcKHM, KOTOpa H nonpoc" B. TponHHHH8 HanHC8Tb
nopTpeT n03Ta. 3TO 6blJ10 B 1827 r. COBpeMeHHHKH .naJ1H
BblCOKYIO oLleHKY nopTpeTY, OT1YlelJ aH, qTO «CXOtlCTBO nopTpe-
T8 C nO,QJIHIIIIHKOM nopa3HTJIhIlO».
06parn8S1cb K KJlaccy, yqHTenh 1Jpe.nJl8raeT OnHCtiTb 06..
J1HK IlywKHHa. TponuHMH H300pa/KaeT n03Ta CH.nHUIHM SH
CTOJlHKOM, o.neTblM B OOblqIlblH JJ.OMBlllIIHH X8JIaT. Ero n01a
(OH CH.nHT qYTb B no.ny06opoT K 3pHTeol1JlO) npocTaH, OObIq..
HaH, «.l10l\lallIHHSI». BbJpa>KeHHe JIliua 3a,llyr\,PIHBae, cnOKOH"
Hoe. JJ.aJIee ,lI.onOJIIIHeT yqHTeJIb. B TOM LKe ro,ay, B Mae,
TIYllIKHH yexaJ1 B neTep6ypr, r,T{e BCTpeTHJlCfI CO CBOHM
JIHueficKHM ,npyroM n03Tot A. ,QeJIbBlirOM, Bl\feCTe C nHM no-
OblBan I-Ia BblCTaBKe KapTHH O. KHnpeHCKoro. H 3,neCb
A. JI.eTJbBHr ynpOCHJI OYlllKHII8 n03HpOBaTb O. KHnpeH"
CKOMY.
COBpeMeHHHKH BCOKO OeHHJIH H 3TOT nopTpeT, 6na
C.lI.ell3na rpaBlOpa B JIHTepaTypHOM aJIbMaHaXe «CeBepHble
UBeTbl», r)!e COTPy JJ.HHtIa.TJ nYllIKHH. nacne Cl\lepTH A. ,l].eJ1b"
BHra nopTpeT BHCeJ1 y nYWKHHa B rOCTHHOH, a na3/KC, B
1916 r., CTa pm"" CbIH n03Ta A. TIYllIKHH nepe113JI era B Tpe-
TbHKOBCKYIO ra..'JepelO, rAe OH xpaHHTCH ,ll0 CHX nop.
51

nYUJI{HIIY nOpTpeT nOHpaBHJ1CH t H OH OTBeTHJ1 O. KHn..
peHCKOMY CTMXOTDOpeHlle1:
JhoC5HMeu MY3bI JTerKOKpbr..10Ii.
XOTb ne 6puralIeu, lIe paHu.Y3,
TbJ BHOBb C03,!I.3J1, Bo..'1llie6I1HK MHJILIH,
MeHR, nHTOMu.a ttHCThlX MY3...
11 H CMeJOCSI Ha,Z], MOrHJ1ofl,
Ywe.!( lIaneK OT CMepTIIbIX Y3
CeOH J KaK B 3epKa.'1e, H BH)KY.
rIo 3TO 3epKa..10 MHe JIbCTHT...
3THftiH CTpOtIKal\IH nYllIKHH TO}l{e nOJI.TBepiK;I.a..TJ YJI.HBHTeJlb-
HOe CXO,lf.CTBO, 1[0 OTl\1eqaJI, tITO >KIfBOnHCe C03,na.71 3J.leCb
06pa3 lIeCKOJ1bKO HJI.eaJ1H3HpOnaIlHbIH.
YqaI.qHeCH OnHCbJBalOT 06JIHK n03Ta Ha nopTpeTe O. KHn-
peHCKoro. IlYIIIKHH H306pa}KeH B napaJI.HOM KOCTIOMe, B I<a-
KHX 06bIQHO BbJe3>Ka..TIH B CBeT. BC.7IbIH BOpOTHHtIOK H llleJ1KO-
Bbll1 raJICTYK, aaBH3aHHbIH corJIaCIIO TOM MO.n.C B c1Jopl\1e
tJOJ1bIlIOrO 6aHTa t c03alO KpacHBbIe BeToBbIe nHTHa B
ClI.Cp1KaHHOH ral\-IMe nopTpeTa.
JIHIJ.O n03Ta C BoxHoBeHHo HCHbll\f H tIYTb HanpH)KeHHbl1
n3rJIHJI.OM HpKO ocnellleIlo, ero PYKa C HepBHblMH TOIIKIHvIH
naJ1buaMH, Ka>KeTCH, QYTb-1JYTb B3.l1.parHBaeT. BblOI.l.\ueCH
o u
BOJlOChI, tIYTb npHnJ1lOcHYTbIH HOC t KpynHbIH, KpacHBo ollep"
qeHHblH pOT, TOp>KCCTBeHHO CJ<PCIUCHHble PYKH Ha rpy.ll.H-
nce 3TO YCHJIHBaeT npHnO.lI.HHTO-B03BblweHHoe, TOp>KeCTBen"
1l0.BJI.OXHOBeHlIoe B nYllIKHHe. Ha 3aHel,l n,,'IaHe 6pOH30BaH
cTaTy3iKa, H306pa>KBlOl.l.\aH MY3Y - nOKpOBHTeJIbHHy n03-
311H, KaK 6bI OnOJ1HHCT 06pa3 n03Ta.
- 1.ITO nOJI.lIepKUYJI B. TponHHHH B OOJIHKe TIYWI{Hlla?
- B qef\f 3aKJlIOtIaeTCH rJIaBHaSl ocooeHHOCTb nopTpeT3
O. KHnpeHcKoro?
nOCRe OOMeHa MHeHHH WKOJlbHHKOB no nOBOll.Y nOpTpC"
TOB YlIHTenb .lI.enaeT KpaTKHH BbIBOJI.. ECJIH B. TponHHHH3
60Jlee Bcero 3allHMaJl nYllIKHII KaK QeJ10BeK, TO O. KHnpen-
CKIIM npeCJIe.lI.OBan u.enb C03JI.aTb B03BbIIIIeHHblH 06pa3 Be..
JlHKOrO n03Ta POCCMH. 06a >KHBOnnCua npaBbl, HO, cooopa3"
HO CBOHM SaMbICJlaM, cBoeoopa3HIO TBOpQeCKHX ocooeIlIlo-
CTCH, HCTOJIKOnaJIH ero 06pa3 Ka>KJ\bIH no-cBoeMY, H 3THl\'1
OUOraTHJ1H Hallie npe.ll.CTaB.7IeHHe 0 n03Te.
H3YQeHHe TBOpqeCTBa nYIllKHHa HaQHHaeTCSI c ero JIll"
pHtJeCKHX npOH3BeeHHii.
YtlHTeJlb SHaKOMHT YQall1HXCH C JIUpHQeCKHMH npOH3Be-
.n.eHHHMH n03Ta, oc06eHIIOCTbiO KOTOpblX HB.7ISleTCH HaJlHtIMe
52

JIHpHlleCKoro repog. 9TOT JInpHQeCKHfl repofl OtleHb O.n(130T(
K aBTOpy, HO B TO >Ke BpeMSI OH lllHpe Ii pa3110CTopOHHee, lJeM
HenOCpe,ltCTBeHHoe OTpa}KeHHe JIHQHOCTH n03Ta.
CYInHOCTb nHpHqeCKOro repog MCTKO oxapaKTepH30Ban
B. BeJIHHCKHH: «BeJIHKHH n03T, rOBopH 0 ceoe c.afOI\{, 0 CBO"
eM 51, rOBopHT 00 OOIneM - 0 qeJJOneqeCTBC, HOO B ero Ha-
Type JIe}KHT Bce, lIe1 }KHBeT qeJIOBeqec:rBO. Ii nOTOMY B ero
u .
rpYCTH BCHKHH Y3HaeT CBOIO rpYCTb, B ero J{yrne nCSIKHII Y3-
HaeT CBOIO " BH.l1HT B He1 He TOJIbKO n03Ta, HO H qeJIOBeKa,
6paTa CBoero no qeJIOBeqeCTBY» 1.
B JIHpHtJer.KOM npOH3BC.l{eHHH paCKpbIBalOTCSI caMbIe
pa3Hooopa3HbIe TeMbI, lIe,,1JOBeQeCKHe MbIC,,'I" H HaCTpOCHIUI,
HO aaneplUCHHbIX lIeJIOBeqeCKHX xapaKTepOB, KaK, .lI.OnYCTHM,
B np03e. JIHpHKa He ,ltaeT. OHa nhIpalKaCT, B nepBYIO otlepelI.h,
DblCOKYIO CTeneHb qYBCTB It HaCTpoeHHH, paCKpWB3S1 HX
TOllIIbll\-IH, 3KOHOMHbJMH II BL; ;Ja3liTe.lIbHbI1\fl1 oGpa3aIH.
3TO nanOOJIee SlpKO OIl1YTHMO Y TaKoro n03Ta, KaK TIYlll"
KHH. B ero JIHpHKe MbI BCTpeqae1 OCTpO nOJIHTHqeCKHe II <pu-
JIOcocIJcKHe MOTHBbI, pa3.ltYl\fbSl 0 CMbYCJIe )KH3I1H H 0 npom..
JIOM, nocTopr H npeI{JIOHeHHC nepe)I. npllpO.ltOH, TeMy JIIOOnH
II .n.PY>KOLL H Bee 3TO oo..TJaqeIlO B I1e06bIKHOBeHHYIO no npo-
CTOTe C..TJOB H MY3blKaJIbHOCTIt (POPMY, OCTaB..1JHeT rJIYOOKoe
BUeQaT,,1eHHe If JI.aeT neH3"bHCHHMOe 3CTeTHQeCKOe l-Iac.n3}J{-
,lteHHe. MO>KHO Ha3BaTb ero nOJIHTHQeCKHe. nOJIbHOJIIOOHBbIe
CTRXH: «K 4aallaeBY» (1818 r.), «npOpOK» (1826 r.), «B Cu-
OHPb» (t 827 r.) , «Anlla p» (1828 r.).
YqHTeJIb nanOMHHaeT BOCbl'tIHKJI3CCHHKaM 00 HCTOpHQe..
CKHX C06bJTHHX 3Toro nepHO,Aa, 0 lleHTe..1JbHOCTH TaHHbIx
OOlI.leCTB, 0 BCTpeq8X TIymKHHa C .neKaopHcTaMH (H. Typre-
HeBbIM, M. OpJlOBbll\t). 0 .lI.PY>Koe c n. 4aa,QaeBblM. OOlI.le-
CTBCHHo..nOJIHTHqeCKHe COObITHSI OKa3aJIH orpoMIIoe BJIHHHHe
Ha ftiMpOB033peHHe nYllIKIlIIa H nOCJIY>KHJIH npHqHHOH PO>K-
.neUHH BOnblIOJIIOOHBblX CTHXOB, Bblpa>KelIHblX B clJopftfe JIH-
pH'IeCKHX npH3HaHuit BeccJI.a nOIOiKeT WKOJIbllHKaM no-
u
qYBCTBOB8Tb HJ{eHIIo-9CTeTHlJecKYIO HanpaBJIelIIIOCTb CTH-
xOTBopeHHH, nOHHTb, nOqel\{IY B oYMarax J{eKaopHcToB nOCJIe
ux apeCTa HaXO,lJ.HJIIf CTHXOTBopeHHH TIYlllKHHa.
nepe.l1 TeM KaK npOllHTaTb CTHXOTBopeUlle «K 1Ja3JJ.ae-
BY», llan.o paCCKa3aTb 0 3HaKOMCTBe n03Ta c rI. qaaJtae-
BblM. y nYlllKIIHa 6bIJ10 t.fHoro ,aPY3eH, HO cpeH HHX oco6oe
1 B. r. 5 e JI H He K 11 A. Cot5p. COlJ. B 3-x TOM8X. T. I, \.. rHXJI,
1948. CTp. 112.
53

MeCTO 3anJl1\fa.n n. 4aalt.aeB, c KOTOpbl1 nYllIKHH n03HaKO-
MHJICS1 ua aeQCpe OHUepOB rycapcKorO nOJIKa. n. 4aa,!{a-
eB nOpa3H,,1 BOOUpa}KeHHe IOHOro n03Ta YXOBHbIl\1 601TJaro-
pO.lI.CTBOM, npJlMOTOH XapaKTepa H peBOJIIOI.lHOHHbI1 Ha-
CTpOeHHeM. OT yqaCTH .neKaOpHCTOB n. 4aa.n.aeBa CnaCJIO
TO, liTO BO BpeMH C06blTHH Ha CeHaTCKOH nJIOa)I.H OH ObIIITJ
"
aa rpaHHueH.
3aKOHtHiB JIHu.eH, nYlllKHH ee 60..TJbllIe CO..'lH3HlC51 C 4a-
a,llaCBbIl\f, BOCXHllJ,aHCb era YMOI, npHCJIYIllHBaHCb r{
ero COBeTaM. B ro.rr.w CCblJIKH, Kor.n.a cYJI.b6a HX pa3JIYlJIl..TJa,
nYlllKHH lIe 3aobIBa.'1 0 .lI.aleKOM II 6.TJH3KOM JI.pyre, nHC<l.a
eMY CTHXH-110C,,1aHHH, rit.e rOBOpHJI 0 .lI.pY}l{oe, CBOooJI.e H lie..
3aBHCHl'tfOCTH. C OJI.IIH!vI H3 3THX CTHxoTDopeHHH H 03HaI{O-
l\-1S1TCH YQallI.HecH.
CTHXOTBopcHHe «K 4aa.ll.aeny» Ha.ll.O npOqHTaTb B KJIac"
ce HaH3ycTb, C nO.!I.'bCMOf. no <lJopMe 3TO JIHpHqeCKOe no-
CJIaHHe JI.pyry, JIHpHQeCKHH npH3bIB:
1\\0" JI.pyr, OTIIH3HC rrOCBHTUM
JIYWH npeKp aCHL1C nop blBbil
Ho B TO >Ke Bpel\fSl 9TO Ii Depa n03Ta-rpa>K.lI.aIlHlla n
HeH36eLKHOCTb na,aCHHH carvfolep}l{anHH H CBOOO,ny HapOlta.
(<<TOBapHIn, Bepb...»). rapMOHHtJeCKoe COqeTaIIHe rpa>KJI.aH"
CKHX MOTHBOB B HHTHl\'1I10H JIHpHlJeCKOH cpOpI'tfe JleJIaeT
CTHXOTBOpeHHe COBeplIIeHHbIf 06pa31l.0l\1 n033HH TaKOrO
pOJI.a. 3aJI.a l la YQHTeJIH - aTb nOtJYBCTBOB8Tb 9TO YlJalll.Hl\f"
CH, TOrJI.a OHH nOH:\IYT ;'JIaBHOe, lITO npOHH3blBaeT BCe CTpOlI"
KH - JII060Bb n03Ta K pOHHe II CBOOO,n.e.
npH IITeHHH c..TIeJT.yeT nOKa3aTb nopTpeT n. 4aa){aena.
COBeTCKHH KOMn03HTOp o. llIexTept YB..TJCKllIliCb BOJIbIIO-
JIIOOHBOH JIUPI1I{OH OYllIKHHa, HanHCaJI BOKaJIbIlO-CHMctJOHH-
lleCKHH lI.HK.n, r.n.e MY3bIKaJIbHbIIH Cpe.l1CTBal\{IH C03JI.aolTJ 06pa3
n03Ta-rpa>K)1aHHHa. MO>K](O nOCJIywaTb B K.naCCe qaCTb, 110-
CBHIneI-lHYIO nOC.TJaHHIO «I( Qaa.l1aeBY» (4--5 MHII.), rll.e opa..
TopCKaH D03BbIWCHHOCTb l\'IY3bIKaJIbHOil peqH oc06ellllO 8K"
u.el1TlIpyeTcH na C.,TJOBaX «Moil ..a.pyr t OTqH3He rrOCBHTIIM...»
H.,1H nOCJIYUIaTb xop «K 4aa..a.aeBY» (5-6 l\1Hn.) KOl\-ln03HTO-
p a A. HOBHKoBa, r){e B cpop1\le 6bIcTporo, OiKHBJIeIlHOrO pe..
IIIHTeollhHoro pOII.II. O I nODTOp5IeTCH OCHOBHaH MbICJIb «ToBa..
pHlll., Bepb...».
I POHaO (<f1paHIJ..- KPYZ) - ocooaSf MY3b1KaJIbHaH $opMa, r.n.e MHO.
rOKpaTllO nODTopneTCSI, aapbHpyeTcH rJlaBHaH TeM8.
54

npH )KH3HH n03Ta H n03}1{e (nOqTH .lI.eCHTb JIeT) CTHXO-
TDOpeHHe «K 4aa.llaeBY» ObI..fIO nO.lI. 3anpeT0i\11 H pacnpo..
CTpaHSlJIOCb B pYKOnHCHbIX JIHCTaX. BnepBble, C OOJIbllJHMH
u.eH3ypHbIl\lH npOnYCKa1YIH, ero ony6JIMKona..'1 a..'1bMaHaX «Ce-
BepHaSi 3Be3.lla» D 1829 r., OTIIe4aTOK KOToporo xpaHHTCSI B
rOCY.l1apCTBeHHoH 6HOJIHOTeKe HM. B. H. JIellMlIa. npH
aIlaJIH3C CTHXOTBopeHHH XOpOIliO nOJIb30BaTbCSI <PoT01{OnH-
v
en 3Toro OTneqaTKa .l1..fIH Har.nn.l1.I1oro CJIHlleHHH TeKCTa H3
yqe6HHKa H TeKCTa H3 «CeBepHoH 3Be3){bl».
«nOCJIaHHe B CH6Hpb» - 3TO npHBeT n03Ta COCJIaHHbIM
JI.eKa6pHcTarvI H O){HOBpel\lCIIIIO K..'lHTBa BepHocTH HX .lleJIY.
PaccKa3blBaS1 00 HCTOpHH C03){aIlHH CTHxoTBopeIlHH, yqH-
TCJIb nOKa>KeT nopTpeTbl K. PbIJIeeBa, H. PaeBcKoro, H. Typ-
reneBa, A. Q,iJ.OCBCKoro.
lJepe3 neKoTopoe BpeJ\1H npHllJeJI 113 .lla..'leKOH CHonpH OT-
BeT - CTHXOTBopeHHe n03Ta A. OIloeBCKOfO, npHrOBopeH-
Boro K 15 rO,Lla:\1 KaTopiKHbiX paOOT, «CTPYH Bell..{HX nJIaMeH-
HbIe 3BYKH», r){e OH Bblpa>KaeT rJIy60KYlO npH3HaTeJIbHoc't"b
I IywKHHY 3a JIIOOOBb K IlHM, JleKa6pHcTaM, YBepellHOCTb,
liTO HX «CKOpOHblii TPY.a He npOna){eT, 1-13 HCKpbI B03ropHTCH
nJIafH...» 3TY CTPOKY B. H. JIeHHH HCnOJIb30Ba..1J KaK "TJO-
3YHr-anHrpacp K OOJIbWeBHCTCKOH ra3eTe «YlcKpa», HaqaB"
meH BbIXO,lI.HTL B 1900 r.
nOLl06IIO CTHxoTBOpeHHH1\f «K 4aa.ll.aeBY», «nOCJIaHHe n
CH6HPb», «TI pOpOK» - npOH3BeAeHHe TO>Ke nOJIHTlItIeCKOrO
xapaKTepa. HanHcaHO OHO B 1826 r., HO onYOJlHKOBallo OLI"
.,TJO 4epe3 Ana ro){a B «1\'\OCKOBCKO1 BCCTHHKe».
AHaJIH3HpYH 3TO I1aCbIIlleHHoe apXaH3Mal\-IH npOn3Be.l1-
IIHe (<<WCCTHI<pbIJIbIH cepa<pHM», «nepCTaMH», «BeIIJ.He 3CHH-
nbI» H T. A.), HC06XO!I.Hl\'IO ){eTa.TlbHO npOKOJ\1MeHTHpOBaTb
OT){eJIbHbIe CTp04KH H CJIODa BO BpeMH BToporo tlTeHHH Ii
nO,lJ.llepKHYTb, tITO rv1 a13IlaSl 1\'lbIC..TJb CTHxOTBopeHHH - npo"
CJIaDJICHHe n03Ta I{aK npopoKa, KOTOpbIH CBOHM C,,'10BOAI npo-
TecTyeT npOTI1D HcnpaDAbI.
Ha ypoKax onpe.ne.HHeTCH cOAep>KaHHe, H,U.eHHbIH CMblCJJ
CTHxoTBopeHHSI, ero cl)opMa H fJIaBIIOe BIlHMaIIlle 06paraael'-
CH Ila nOCJIeJI.HHe CTpOtlKH npOH3Be){eHH5I, KOTopble 3BytIaT
l\1Y>KeCTBeHHbIM npH3bIBOM:
BOCCT8Hb npopOK, H BH>K,lI.b. H BHe1JJH.
HCnOJlHHCb nO"lelO MoeA
H, Ot5XOJI.SI MOpH H 3eM.FJH,
J"JJaro.rJOM >KfH cep.n.u.a nlOJ].eH.
55

Ha ypOKe MO>KHO npOCnYl1laTb 3pH030 «npOpOK» (3-
4 l\iHH.) H. PUMcKoro-KopcaKoaa.
- DJIH30K JIH 1'tlY3bIKa.fJbHbIH o6pa3 K nywKHHCKOl\1Y
TeKcTY?
- KaKaH qaCTb apHo3o OOJIbllle nOHpaBHJIacb?
- 3aKJIIOtJHTeJIbHaH llaCTb, Ta, re fY3blKa 3BYllHT K3K .
rHl\IU-MapllI, r)I.e TOp)KeCTBeHHo npOB03rJIalllaeTCH OCHonHaH
MbICJIb, KaI{ «3aneT», 06paw.eHHbIil J{ n03Ty-npopoKY. MY3bIKa
3eCb 01iellb l\fenO,llHlIHa Ii onTHlVIHCTH 1 1Ha (B 1\1 a>KOpHOl\1
TOHe,- YTOtIHHCT YllHTe.,1b), n03TOl\fY npOH3Be,lleHHe no
IlYXY 6.TIH3KO K nYlllKHHCKO]Y TeKCTY. TaKaH He60JIblliaH
neCHH THna pOMaHca - l\1e.,10.!I.HqeCKaH, HaneBHaH - Ha3b1-
BaeTCH a pn030. bea Hero, no CYIJJ.eCTDY, lie 06XOJI.HTCH HH
O,!llla onepa. !vl0JKIIO BCnOI\1HHTb, KaKHe apH030 H3 onep
311 alOT ytlaIUHCH.
AplI030 «TI pOpOK» H. PHl\1CKHH- KopcaKOB nOCBHTHJI
B. CTaCOBY - rJIaWaTalO nepelloBbIx HJI.eM «MorytIeil Kyq-
KH». aTO apno3o 6hl.TJO ,llJIH H. PHMCKoro-KopcaKOBa CBoe..
v
ro poa KJIHTBOli BepHocTH H.llee - YTBep}l{.lI.eIlHIO H pa3BH"
THIO peaJIHCTHtleCKHX Tpa,llHl(HH B PYCCKOM HCKyccTBe.
B 06meCTBeHHO-nOJIHTHQeCKOH JlHpHKe TIYllIKHHa O.ll.HHM
H3 CHJIbHblX S1BJIHeTCH CTHXOTBopellHe «AHtla p». nepe,ll Tef
KaK aHanH3HpOB3Tb CTHxoTBopeHHe, yqHTeJIb paCCKa3WBa-
eT 0 TCX TH}Ke.TJbIX MO:\leHTax B }KH3HH TIYllIKHHa, KOTO-
pble 011 nepe}l{HJI B CBH3H C ero ony6..TJHKOBaHHeL «AnQap»
6wJIO HanHcalIo, KaK r..'1aCHT lIepHoBaH pYKonHCb, 9 HO-
H6pSl 1828 r.) a tlCTbIpe roa cnycTH llanelJaTaHO. OHO
BbI3BaJlO pe3Koc ue}1.0BOJIbCTBO we<t>a }I{aH,l(apl\tOB beHKell-
,llopq,a.
4HTaTb ero Ha.ll.O raK, QT06bl HHTOI-lal(HHMH, naY3aMH,
aKl(CHTOM lIa onpe.ll.eJIeHUblX cnOBax, p a3lVlepeHHbIl\1 H C.llep-
>KaHHbIl\f TOHOM nepe.llaTb C01JyncTBHe I1Yl1lKHHa qe.TJOBeKY-
pa6y. Pa3l\-Iep CTHxa (tlCTbIpeXCTonHblH HMO) Hero cnOKOI.I"
v
HO-pa31\fCpeUlIblH pHTl D CTH.,1e BOCTOllllblX nereH.ll nOBe-
cTByeT 0 MpatlHbIX C06bITHHX.
3nYKOBble C04eTaHHH (H, tI, p), CBH3alIllble co CJIOBOI
«anqap», C03.n.a1OT KaKYIO"TO cBoeo6pa31lYlO MpatIHYIO Me-
JIOJ(HIO. I1x oco6eHHO Mlloro B nepnOH CTpocpe, KOTopaH HB-
J]51eTCH KaK 6bl BCTynJIeHHCM K TparHtleCKOMY paCCK33Y 0
Cf\1CpTH, >KeCTOI(OCTII H npOH3BO.TJe. 3TO Hallo YQHTblBaTb npH
lITeIlHH CTHXOTBopeHlIH B K.'1aCce.
«AHtIap» B.!I.OXHOBHJI Ii. PHMcKoro-KopcaKoBa Ha C03.!1a-
BliP apH030 .!1JIH 6aca C opKeCTpOf\1 (8-10 1\IHH.). Xopowo
56

ero npOCJlYUJ3Tb na ypOJ{e, a nOTOl\'r nooeCcltOnaTb C
KJ1aCCOM:
- KaKoe BneqaTJIeHHe npoH3Be..no na Bac apHo30?
- nOMorae1 JIM MY3LIKa r.JIY0}Ke nOHHTb nYIllKlIHCI{I1H
CIO)KeT?
BOCbMHKJIaCCHHKH 3aMeTHT, 1110 nO,l!oono nYllIKJHICJ{01\fY
CTHXOTBopelIHIO Me.TJO,ltHH apH030 npOHH3ana BOCTOtlHbIl\1
MOTHBOf, ocooelIlIO B nepBOH tJaCTH, r,LIe KaK 6Y.lI.TO CJIbIllI-
HO, KaK B rrYCTblHe pa3MepelIHLIl'v1 H l'vle.l1.JIeIlIlbIrwf marOM
H,lI.eT Ka paBan.
CYPOBble H CHJIbHWe 3BYKH Me.TIollHH, npopbIBaloIUHccH
tlepe3 THryqHli BOCTOt.JHhIH lvIOTHB, PHCYIOT }KeCTOKHX H IH:'MH-
JIOCep.lUlbIX BJIaCTHTeJIeH MHpa M cye6 qe..'IOBeqeCKHX. Apn-
030 3BYQHT KaK 06J1HqCHHe .lI.eCnOTHQeCKOH BnaCTH, H 910
rOBopHT H::tM 0 TOM, QTO KOMn03MTOp T3K iKe, l{aK M nYUl-
KlIII, BH.lI.CJI cyrnHOCTb OOIIeCTBeHlIoro 3..TIa H BhJpa3HLTI 310
Cpe,lI.CTBal\fH MY3bIKH.
P a3,l1.Yl\lbeM 0 }KH3IIIf, 0 JIII1JHOil cy.nboc rrpOIlIII{HYTO
CTMXOTBopeHHe «I( MOplO», HanHcaIIIIoe B 1824 r. nepe.ll.
OT'be3.l1.0M H3 O.l1eCcbI.
CTllxoTBopeHHe CJIO>KHO B HHTOHaUHOHHOM OTHorneHHH,
nOToMY tlTO 311eCb C01leTaIOTcn caMbre pa3.HUQHbIe 1IYBCTBa
(rpYCTb, pa301lapOBaHHe, BOCTopr, BOCXHmeHHe, II aJI.e iKJI. a
H T. Jl.), KOTopbIe nYUIKHH nepe.ll.aer TOqnO II SIpKO, PHtPMOB-
KOft HaMOOJIee Bblpa3HTeJIbHbIX CJ10B, nOBbIllIeHHOH HJIII no..
HH)KeHHOH HHTOHaII.HeA. naY3a MH H pHTMHt.JeCKHrvIH YJJ,a pe..
I1HHMH n03T Bbl,ltCJIHeT Hau60JIee 3HaqHl\fble Bblpa>KeIlHn,
HanpHMep, «npoIlJ,aif }Ke, f\10pe!»... CJIOBa «He 3aOYllY» TO-
me CHnbHO 3BY1JaT, nO'TOMY liTO BbI,l!eJIell bl .n.nYMH naY3a-
MH - nocne BOCKJIHuaTeJIbHOrO 3HaKa M B KOnu.e CTMxa, Ii na
Hero naJtaeT .'10rHQeCI{OC Y.lI.apeHHC. Ha nOCJIe,lJ,HHe JlBe
CTPOQKIf CTHX a:
TDOH aa..1J1BLI, T80H CK3JIbI
Ii 6..'IeCK, H Tellb, " rOBO p B OJlH...
na.n.aeT He 10JIbKO pUTMHQeCKOe, HO H JIOrn1JeCKOe Y.lI.apeHHe.
11 BbIpa>KeHI-1H, nOCT3BJIenHbIe n03TOf O.!I.IIOBpeleHHO nOJ{
pHTMMQeCKOe H JIOrH1ICCKOe Y,!{H peHHe, Y>Ke nO.!I.CKa3bIBalOr
II HHTOHaII.HH 9THX CTpOqeK. Bce 3TO Hano yqeCTb npH qTe-
lIHn, Tor,lI.a He 6y):{er cnOKOHlloro, pa3MepellHoro TOHa na
OJl.HoA HOTe, a Bce OY,lI.eT npOHH3alIO Te1\IH tJYBCTBaMH,
KOTOpbIMH 6LIJI OXBatlCH n09T B l\fOf\fHT npOI.IJ.allliSl C
10peM.
57

JIeHTMOTI1001\1 3BytlHT Tel\tfa CB060!1.1I0H CTIIXHH H CBOOO-
.l1o.nlO6HBOra 4e..rIOBeKa. «CBOOO,!J.HaH CTHXHH», «rOplI.aH I{pa..
ca», «TOp>KeCTBeHHaH KpaCa», H1e10rnaH «CBOe.IIpaBHble no-
PbIBbI», BJ:(OXHOBoITJHeT flYIlIKHHa, BOCXHllI.aeT CBoeM oe3rpa-
HHlIHOH CBooonOH H OW.blO. Oco6eHIIO CH.l1bHO cypOBaH
MOIl1b h-tOpH nOKa3aIla B nHTOH CTpocpe, KOTOpylO lYIO/KHO
np01JHTaTb HeCKOJIbKO pa3.
YllHTeb nOKa3WBaeT BOCbMHKnaCCHHKaM penpOYKnHH
KapTHHbI «OYllIKHH Ha 6epery 4epnoro l'tfOpH», C03JI:aHHYIO
JI.BYMH Beol1HKHMH >KHBOnHCnal'YIH H. PenHHW1 11 H. AHBa-
30BCKHl\'1 B qeCTb nHTHJI.eCHTH.neTHSI CO ,LUISI CMepTII neJlHKO"
ro n03Ta (1887 r.).
TIYllIKHIl CTOHT Ha CKaolTJe H KaK 6YTO oopamaeTcH K
IOplO :
npOUl.aH, CBo6o,!lHaH CTJlXHH!
OH nOJlOH BJ:(OXHOBeHHH H 311eCb )l{e, Ha 6epery, C03.!taer
n03THlJeCKHe crpoKH. Ero <t>Hrypa c pa3BeBalOllI.Hl\ICH IlJIa..
1lI.Of 3a cnHlIolr, t!BH>KeHHe nOJI.HHTbIX PYK H B3rJl5l,J, YCTpeM-
JleHbI K MOplO, nOJIHbl B3BOol1HOBaHHOCTH H B.llOXHOBeHHH.
MY3bIKa.TJbHaH 6a.,TJJla){a A. DOpO,ZIJIHa «Mope» MOJKeT
TaK>Ke nOCJ1Y>KHTb cBoeo6pa3HoH HI/TI.1JIOCTparI.HeII K crHXOTBO-
peHHIO nYlllKHHa. KOMn03HTop XOpOllO nCpe){aeT IIIHPb,
pa3){o.1Jbe MOpCKOH CTHXHH, r.ll.e Bce B )J.BHJKellMH, B OTpHlI.a-
HHH nOKOH. Ha <t>oHe 6YllIYlornero MOpH B03HHKaet oupa3
CMeJIOrO qeJIOBeKa - nJIOBIl.a, repOHQeCKH ooplornerocH C
l\fOpCKHMH DonHaMH.
OOHCTHHe 6eccMepTHbIl\IH npOH3BeJI:eIIMHl'vIH HB..1HIOTCH
CTHXH nYllIKHlIa, nOCBHllleHllble qHCTOM H B03BblIlIeUHOI U I
.1JlOtSBH. )KeMlIY>KIIHOM PYCCKOM n033HH CTaJIH «51 nOIHIO
qY.lI.HOe MfHOBeHbe», «51 Bac nIOOHJI», «Ha Xo..'1l\1aX rpY3UH».
CTHxoTBopeHHc «51 nOMHIO lIY.l1Hoe MrllOBeHbe» nOCBH-
Il.{eHO ABBe fleTpOBHe KCPII, C KOTOpOH DYIllKHH OJI.Ha/K)1bI
BCTpeTHJlCH lla Beqepe B OeTep6ypre y CBOHX Jl.PY3eH O.,le-
HHlIbIX. YBJ1eKmnCb A. n. KepH, nYIllKHH c03.lI.aeT O){HII H3
neJlHqaHIllHX B MHpOBOH rr033HH J11060BHblX rHl\IHOB, neCHIO
TOp:>KeCTBYIOIII.CH JII06BH: «51 nOMHIO lIY ,Qnoe lrHOBeHbe...».
BOCbMHKJIaCCHHKH Y>Ke Cl\ioryr OTBeTHTb, qTO saXBaTbI-
BaeT ox B CTHXOTBopeIlHH, nOqYBCTBOBaTb HaCTpoeHHe aSTO"
pa, 'lJHTaH CTHXOTBopeIIHe, OHH .n.eJlHT era lIa qaCTIf H onpe..
)J.e.'1SHOT, qTO B Ka>K!1.0H H3 JlI1X aBTOp 110 pa3HOMY rOBopHT
o OOJIblllOM II)'nc rBe JJIOOBll I\: iKCIlill.U lie.
58

ncpnaSl Q3CTb - JlBe nepBble CTpO<l>bl - 9TO qYTb rpy-
CTllbIH paCI{a3-BOCnOMHHaHHe (<<51 nOMHIO...:t) 0 nepBOft
MHMO..'1eTHOH BCTpeqe, OCTaBHBllIeH rJIYOOKHH (,Jle,ll B J1ywe
(<<...3BYQaJJ MHe JI.onro ronoe He>KHbIiL..»). BTopaH qaCTb-
3TO .llpal\1a (<<B rJIymH, BO ltfpaKe 3aTOQeHbH...»). TpeTbSl
4aCTb - CqaCThe, BOCTopr npH 1I0BOH BCTpeqe (<<B J1yrne
IJ3CT3JIO n po6Y>KJI.elI be» ) t 3TO ynoenHe (<<11 cep){l.(e ObeTCH
D ynoeHbe...»), B03BpaUteJllle K >KH3H.H (<<11 JI)IH Hero BOC-
l\peCJJH BHOBb...»).
BbICOI{HH 3l\tIOII.HOIlaJIbHbIH I1aCTpOH J<a}KJlOH qaCTH CO-
3.aaCTCH neOOblQHblM COlJeTaHHeM 06bItlHblX nOBCe){HeBHbIX
c.rJon (<<II11\'I0J1eTIIOe B HJ1ell be», «reHHH 1JI1CTOH KpaCOTbl»,
«6YPb nopbIB MSiTe}l{HbIl1» H T. Lt.). CHaqaJla cJlona crHXO"
TBcpeHHst 3BYtJ3r MHrI{O, TI1XO H Me.ll.JleHJlO, 1I0T01\1 nce
OhlCTpce Ii rpOttIe. MeJlOJI.I1H K3K 6bl HapacraCT H pa3pe-
luaeTCSI CTpefHTe.,1bHbll\t B3.TJeTOM, TOp}KeCTBYlOlllHl\1 3aKJIIO-
lIHTe'LHbIl\f aKKop;I.OM. B CTHXOTBopeHHH l\tlHoro CJlOBeCIIblX
nOBTopOB, KOTopbIe npH,llalOT eMY YJI.HBHTeJJbHYIO MY3b1KaJlb-
HOCTb H neByqeCTb:
KaK MHMo""eTlIoe BHJ].eHbe.
KaK rell"" llHCTOH KpacoTbi.
H 3TO >Ke BO BTOpOH, B rpeTbCH H nHTOH cTpocl>ax.
4aCToe nOBTopCHlie CJJOB:
oe3 6oll<eCTBa, 6e3 8)1.0XHOBellb5l,
oea cJIeJ, 6e3 >KH3IJ H, 6e3 .1II00BH
npHaeT HIITOHanHIO oe30TpaAHoro CYIlI.eCTBOBaHHH, OOJIb
pa3JJYKH H paCCTaBaHHH. A COlO3bl «I<a){», «H» B onpe.neJIeH-
HOM COqeTaHHH co CJIOBaMH YCHJJHBalOT HHTOHaUHIO H 9MO-
UHOHaJIbHYIO CTOPOHY CTHXOTBopeIlHH, B JJ:pyroM - nepeJJ:a-
lOT paJJ:OCTb BCTpeqH, C1JaCTbe:
Ii cep.nu.e Obe1:CH B ynoeHbe,
Ii ,lJ.JIH Hero nOCKpeCJIH BIIOBb
Ii OO>KeCTBO, H n){OXHOBeHbe,
M >KH311b, H c""e3b1, H nIOOOBb.
HHTOHanH B3BOJlHOBaHHOCTH H CTpaCTHOCTH qYBCTB B
CTHXOTBOpeHHH OnpeJ1eJlHeTCH CaMHM COJ1ep}I{aIIHel\il (npH-
3HaHHeM B JIIOt>BH, XOTH ot>paaa :>KeHIUHHbl HCT, a eCTb Bne-
qaTJIeHHe), pHTl\10M, PHct>MOH, JleJ{CHtIeCKHM H 3BYKOBbIM CO-
CTaBOM, onpeJ1e.neH.HbIM CHIiTaKCHIJeCKHM nOCTpoelllfe1
pa3 H CTpOcp B u.eJlO:M. TaKOH rapMOIIHH" CO.llep>KaHHH H
<t>OpMbI Mor ,ltOCTHrHYTb TOJIbKO n03T. 06J1a.ll81OUJ.HH
59

BhIC04aAuJH1\f Jl-a pOM, oe3YI{OpIl3nCHHbll\l QYTbe1\f H3LIKa H
B,aOXHOBeHHCf\f. TaKliM Bcer.aa 6blJI nYWKHII.
KorJJ:a oT3DYQaT CTHXH nyrnKHHa, MO>KHO nOCJ1ymaTb
pO'IaIlC M. 11. fJIHHKJ1 Ha 9TOT TeKCT. CJIOBa H MY3bIKa,
CJIMBaHCb BOe.llHIIO, JI.31OT lleOObIKHOBeHHhlH CnJIaB n03THQe..
CKoro Bblpa>KeHHH qYBCTB.
nOCJIe npOCJIYlIIHBaHMH pOMaHca lie IIaJJ:O .zr.eJIaTb CKPY-
nYJIC3HOrO aHaJIH3a, HHaqe npona.neT OtlapOBaHHe TOJIbKO
liTO npOCJ1yrnCllllloro nCIInn H l\lY3bIl{H. B occr,Qe Ha,l10 "POC-
TO 06paTHTb BHHMalIHe J1.eTeH lIa TO o6u{ee, qTO ct)JIH>KaeT
CJIOBO, I\1Y3hIKY H rO.TJOc. IlocTpoeHHe pOfaHca CJIeJlyeT 3a
n03THlIeCKOH KOl\1n03HII-HeiI.
npOCJIe.lI.HM no qaCTHM 3a MY3bIKaJIbHOH l\'lC.TJO,rJ.HeH.
nepBaH QaCTb (yqalI.!HeCn Cal\IH B COCTOHIIHH ee oxapaKTe..
pH30BaTb) - 31'0 BOCnOl\'nIHaHlH 0 nepaOH BCTpeqe c «re..
IIHCl\f qHCTOH KpaCOThI». 1\1.Y3bIK3 H rOJIOC JIblOTCSI sa.n.YlIIeB-
110, n..TJ:aBHO, C03JI.aBaH npeKpaCHhIH H He>KHbIH meHcKHH 06-
pa3. TaKaH MY3bIKa, C OTleT,J1HBO BbIpaLKeHHoH MeJIO.lI.HeH,
n33hIBaeTCH KaHTH.TIenOH (JlaTHHCKoe CJlOBO - nelIne), KO-
TOPYIO qaCTO I\'IomHO BCTpeTHTb H B onepe. Bo BTOpOtl qaCTH
(<<IIlJIH ro,abI...») pC3KO l\1eHHeTCH Ton BOKaJlbHOli H ctJopTe-
nhaHHO napTI1H. KaUTH,JlCHa Cl\1eIlHeTCH pe'IHTaTHBOlVI. CJIO-
IJa B pacneBHO1 pa3rOBope (peqHTaTHBe) npOH3IIOCHTCQ
KaK 6bI C TPy.n.Ol\f, co CKOpOblO, CJIOBHO Me,llJleHHO H TH>Ke-
JIO, mar 3a rnarOM 1.IC.TJOBCK nO.lI.HHMaeTCH B ropy (<<B rJIY"
lilli, BO MpaKe 3aT04eIlbn...»). 1\1.Y3bIKa TpenO}l{lIaH, nOCTpo"
eHHaH Ha OJUIo06pa31I0M nOBTopCHHII 3BYKOB H aKKop.n.OB
8KKOMnaHeI\ieHTa. MY3bIKa H rO.,TJ:OC nepeJI.alOT .lI.yrneBHYIO
nYCTOTY, YHbIHHC, OTqaHHHe (<<THHy.I1HCb THXO AHH MOH...»).
H B):lpyr l\-1CJ10.!I.HH 1\1eHneTCH, BlIOBb B03HHI<aeT 3HaKOl\1bIil
H MHJIbIH 06pa3. 3'1'0 Y)Ke He BocnOMHHaHHe, 3TO-
BCTpeqal
3BYQHT nCpBa5I IVIC.'IOlUfH, BCH npOHH3aHHaH pa,l10CTblO
83BOJIHOBalllloro cep.n.u.a. 11 ocoueUlIO Bblpa3HTeJIbllO 3Ta
83BOJIHOBallIIOCTb nO,n.lJepI{J1BaeTCH nOBTopeHHeM COI03a «H»
(<<M cepAue 6beTCH B ynocHbe»), ronoc KaK 6YATO npepw-
BaeTcn, 3aJI.hlxaHCb OT HaX.'IbIUYBlIIero Ha Hero C1JaCTbH
JIIOORM.
3a ce:\lb neT .ao 1\\. fJJHIII{H JI.pyroii cOBpeMeHHuK nYlII"
KHHa - KOMno31fIop A. A.}(H6beB TOiKe C03.naJI pOMaHc Ha
STOT TeKCT. POMaHC (9JIerJlH) A. AJTHObeBa «51 nOMHIO qYJJ:-
Hoe MrHOBeHbe» coxpaHH..'ICSI B llBYX BapHaHTax. XOPOwo
npOCJIyrnaTb O,IT.UH 113 HHX H cpaBllHTb C pO:\1 aHCO:\I r.'1HHKH,
60

onpe.n.eol'IHTb ocot5eHHocTM xY,!{OmeCTSeHlIOrO MaCTepCTBa
JI.HYX KOMn03l1TOpOB - COBpeMeHHHKOB nYIIIKHIIa.
A. AJ1S16beB nanHCaJI fHoro pOfaHCOB Ha CJIOBa nyw-
KHHa: «ECJIH JKH3Hb Te6H 06{aHeT». cnoraCJIo ,nHeBHoe
CBeTHJ10», «51 Bac JIIO()H..'I», «CTapbIH Iym, rp03HbIH MY>K»,
«Y3HHK» H JI.p.
113 ,aeCSlTH pOMaIICOB, C03.l1.aHHbIX M. rJIHHKOH Ha nyw..
KHHCKMH TeI{CT npH >KH3HH nYWKMHa 6bIJIO HanMcaHO TOJlb-
KO )I.Ba (<<He nOH, Kpac3BHua, npM IHe...», «51 3.l1.eCb, liHe..
3HJIbH»), OCTaJIbHble, B TOl't1 QI1CJIe «51 nOMHIO 1JY.lI.Hoe l\tIrHO"
BeHbe»,- noc.'le c:ytepTH n03Ta.
BCKope nOCJIC npel'ttbephl «HnaHa CycaHHHa» rJIHHKa
3aLlYl'tfaJ1 BTOPYIO onepy - no n03Me nYlIIKHHa «Pyc.1aH H
JIIO,a1H'a». DYlIJKHH Bnepnwe BCTpeTHJICSI c fJIHHKOH (TO"
BapHIl..{ef 6paTa nYWKHHa JIbBa CepreeBHqa no BJIaropo.a-
HOMY naHcHouy) B 1828 r. nYWKHH, 3IlaBIIIHM 0 3al'tlbICJIe
r JIHHKM, 6eCe.ll.OBan C HHM 0 Tex H3feHelIMHX, KOTopbIe Oll
XOTeJI BlIeCTH B CBoe IOHOilleCKoe npoM3BeLlelIHe. Ho cMepTb
II03Ta o6opna..'Ia TBoptJecKoe co,aPYJKeCTnO Be.TJHKliX PYCCKHX
Xy,aOjKHHKOB. npeMbepa onepbI «Pyc.nan H JIIO,!{MHJIa» co-
CTOSlJIaCb D KOHLT.e 1842 f.
a BCTpe1JaX C TIYIllKHlIbIM B CDOHX BocnOMHHaHMSlX
1\1. r JIHHKa IIMCaJI: «51 qaCTO BCTpeqaJICH C H3BecTHeHlIIMM
n03TOM HaIllHM A. C. nYIlIKHHbIM H n0J1b30BaJICH ero 3Ha-
I{Ol"ICTBOf .lI.O cafOH ero KOlIqHHbl».
CTHxoTBopeHHe nYWKHIta «51 Bac JIIOOHJI» nOCBHI.I1eHO
A. A. OJIeHMHoH. n03T nOCBHTHJI eM HeCKOJIbKO npoH3Be"
eHHH: «He nOH, KpacaBMua, npH 1\1He...», «TbI H Bbl», «BbJ
H30aJIOBaHbI npHpO,!1oH».
A. A. OJIeHHHa ObIJIa .lI.oqepblO npe3M.lI.eHTa AKaneMHH
xy,aO>KeCTB H ,!{HpKTopa ny6JIH1JIlOH OH().HHoTeKH, nHCaTeJIH,
apxeotl'Iora, 3H3BlIlero ,n:eC5ITb H3bJ]{OB. ,lI.OM OJIeHHHbIx B TO
BpeMSI 6bIJI ueHTpO:M JIIiTepaTYPHOM H xY.lI.OmeCTBeHHOH >KH3-
HH neTep6ypra, rJ{e 6bIBa.FJH B. )l(YKOBCKHH, A. DYlllKHH,
Iv\. rJIHHKa, H. Kapal\f3HII, K. 5pIOJIJlOB, O. KHnpeHCKuiI,
M. BeCTY}KeB-PIOfHH (O.lI.HH H3 Ka3UCHHblX ,aeKa()pHCTon).
CoxpaHH;ICH nopTpeT OJIeHHIlOH pa60TbI K. BpIOJIJIOBa.
«51 Bac JIIo6HJI» - YAHBMTeJIbHOe no lIHCTOTe lIpaBCTBCH-
Horo qYBCTBa CTHXOTBopeHHe. B HeM OTCYTCTBYIOT TaK Ha3bI-
nael\fble 11306pa3HTe.nbHble cpe,a.CTBa - 3nHTeTbI t feTa<popbl
11 T. .!I. 4e1 }Ke OHO IIOpa)KaeT, no'qefY TaK BOI/'1HyeT? TIpOCTO,
OObIKHOBeU1l0, OY,!{HHtIHbIl\{ H3bIKOM DYlllKHH CYMeJI CKa3aTb
TO, ({TO rJIy6oKo BOJIHyeT l\-UIOrHX JlIO,!(eH. Ho 6JIarOJlapH
61

PHTMY, pHclJ1\fe pa3rOBOpHblH Sl3bIK Y Hero npeBpaTH.rrCH 8
IY3bIKY peqH, I{OTOpaH paCKpbIJlB 60JlbWHe qeJIOBeqeCI{He
qYBCTBa: My*eCTBO npH3HaHHH II 60JIb YTpaTbl, He>KHOCTb,
MCKpeHHOCTb H rrpaBJI.HBOCTb. 11 Bce 9TO npOHH3aHO HHTO"
HaHCH rpYCTH, CO}l{8.J1eHHH.
3,neCb raK>Ke Ha6..rIlOllaeTC5J HapaCT3HMe qYBCTB, H ITO"
c.'IeJI.HHe CTPOqKH
51 Bac .TJK)(5HJI T8J< HCKpeHHO, TaK He>KHO,
KaK J{ail BaM 60r JIIOt3HMOH 6b1Tb n.pyrHM
KaK 6bI 3aBepllialOT BCIO rJIy6HHY H 6011BrOp0!1CTBO QYBCTB.
MO}KHO npoc.nYUJaTb pOMaHC A. AJIH6ben3 «51 nac JII06HJI»,
rlI.e KOl\fn03liTOp HHTOuaUHOHHO H!1eT BC.ne.D. 3a nYIIIKHHbll\f.
.N\HOrO lJYBCTB H r J1y60KHX pa3Mbll1IJleHHH Bblpa>KeHO B
CTHXOTBOpeJ-lHH «Ha XOol'IM3X rpY3HH JlC>KHT HOQH3S1 MrJ13».
HanHCallO OHO 6bI.no no BpeMH nYTeIlleCTBH5J TIYIlIKHHa Ha
KaBKa3 (1830 r.) H nOCBHTueHO era HeBerT€" HaTaJIbe fOll-
qapOBoH.
CTHxOTBopeHHe npOllH3aHO rpycTblO J1106BH. Olll.YTHMbI
KOHTpacThI nocTpoelufSl, 3ByqaT 9J1erHQeCKHC CBeTJIO-neQaJ1h-
Hble pa3MbIWJ1eHHH, HaBeHHHbIe BocnOMH1I3HHSlMH H HOtIUbI:\1
neH3a:>Kcl'vI:
Mile rpycTHo H JlerKO, neQa.'1b MOfl CBeT no:
...YHbll1bH Mocro
f IHtlTo lie MyqHT, lIe TpeBO)I{HT...
I-IecroTpH na rpYCTHYIO Me..TJO.llHIO, JIHpHQeCKHe pa3.llYMbH
repOH, CTHxoTBOpeHHe SaKBHqHBaeTCfl xapaKTepHbIM .llJ1H
nYIlIKHHa >KH3Hepa.n.OCTHbl1 aKKop,llOM - YTBep>KJI.eHHeM:
}II cepJI.u.e BHOBb ropHT H nlo6HT - OTToro,
LITO lie .1J[o6HTb OHO He MO>l{eT.
OcooellHO lIaITOJIHeHbl 3t.fOUHOHaJlbHbIl\1 CMhIC..TJOM CJ10nH
«BHOBb» H «OTToro». IlocTaBJIeHBbIe B Ollll08 CTpOIlKe B KOH-
ne CTHXOTBopelIHH, OHH YTBep>K1l3IOT, lITO JlI060Bb - 9TO
nOTpe61IOCTb Ii nopbIR qe..fIOneqeCKOrO cep.n.ua, BblCOKoe HpaB-
CTBelIHoe qYBCTBO.
Ha 3TOT TCKCT KOMn03MTopbl H. PHMCKHH- KopcaKOB H
B. j\'\ypa.n.eJ1H HanHCaJIH pOMaHCbI. MO:>KHO npOCJlYUlaTb o6a
M nOqYBCTBoaaTb pa3J1HQHe B TpaKTOBKe nYlllKHHCKoro TeK-
CTa. Y Mypa.n.eoJ1H pOMaIlC-peqHTaTHO, rlle MeJIO.llHH He Hrpa..
CT Cal\10...rI.OB.rlelOlll.eH pOcJ1H.
H. PHlCKHH' KopcaKOB, KOToporo no npaBY Ha3blBalOT
«neH3aJKI1CTOl\1 IY3bII{1l», paCKpWDaeT Q,!lYXOTBopeHHOCTb
qeJlOBeqeCKHX qYBCTB Ha cpOHe npHpo.nbl.
62

J1Hpnttf\CT{aH Tef\fa B TBOptleCTBe nYUIJ{HUa - 3TO He
10..rIhKO JII14110e OTlIoweIlHe n03Ta K oKpymaJOUJ,e:\-IY MHPY,
6J1H3KHM H .noporHM eMY JIIOJIJIl\f, HO M $HJIOCocIJcl{He pa3-
ft.1bIlliJIeHHH 0 >KH3IIH, 0 OYllYll{ef\.l, 0 BeQH01\t1 ,nBH>KeHHH, pa3"
BHTHII H OOIlOBJIeHHH npllpO.llbI H qeJIOBeKa.
HaHOO.rJee xapaKiepHbTMH B 3TOM OTHorneHHH HBJ15HOrCH
npOH3BelleHHH, lIanHCaHHbIe B .30-e rO.llbl, Kor,Qa nYWKHH
BblcTynHJI KaK 3peJIbIH MaCTep-pea.TJHCT, J<OTOpbIH caM l\IHO"
roe nepe>KHJl H nepeOu.ellHJJ B }KH3HH: «llHOBb si nOCeTHJ1» H
«51 naMHTHHK ceoe B03,QBHr HepYKOTBOPl-IbJfI».
«B 1I0Db H noceTH..'I» - 3TO tiT] "pMQeCI<He p a3l'tlhlrnr]CHHH
n03Ta, BocnO,,",lHHaHHSI 0 rO.ll.ax, npOBe!J,eHHbIX B MHX3H.non..
CKOM. OH pa3;J.yl'tlbIBaeT Ha.n TellelIueM H pa3BHTneM >KH3HH,
u
CTOJlb nOXOJKeH B caoeM pa3BHTllIt Jla npllpoy, II npMXO,QHT
K l'tlbICJJH 0 rapMOHHH qe..'IOBeKa c npHpO,QOH p 0 BeqHO1 ABH-
)KeHHM.
n pH H3ytteHH" 3Toro CTHXOTBopeHHH l\']OiKIIO 03HaK01'tIHTb
YlIaIltHXCH Ha ypOKe C pOl'tlaHCOM n. LJaHI{OBCKOro «B..1aro-
CJIOBJIHIO Bac, JIeca». B 3TOM JIHKYIOIlteM rHMHe n. 4aHKOB-
CKHH npOCn8BJISleT e.1J.HHCTBO qe.TJOBeKa c npHpo.ZI.oii, C Bce-
JIeIIIIOH. 3,QeCb 3ByqHT TO }Ke <pHJIOco<pCKoe OC:\YhICJIelIHe }I{1l3-
HII, liTO H Y nYIlIKHH3. B cnoKoflHOH, IIIHpOKOM l\1leJIOJ(JlH, B
HaCbIl.IeHHOl\f 60.'1bIIIOH cocpe.LlOT04eIlIIOCTblO BCTynJIeHHH, B
u .
CJJerKa rpYCTHOH ftleJIO.LlHH. r,ne OCHOBHbIftl JIeHTMOTHBOl'lI npo-
.
XO.LlHT BOCTOp>KeHHOe npeKJIOHCHlfe ncpe,Q npnpOJJ.OH,
paCKpblBaeTCSI ee e.!J.HHCHHe C qeJJOBeKOM.
TOJIIIKOM K C03AaiIHIO CTHXOTBopeHHH «51 na:MHTHHK ceDe
B03)(BHr HePYKoTBOpH.bII1» noc..'IY}KHJ10 OTKpblTHe B neTep..
6ypre lIa nJIOllla.!J.H nepelI. 3HfHHM !lBOpllOM AJIeKcaHJJ.poB-
CKOM KOtl'IOIIHbI B qeCTb A..'1eKCaH;I.pa I Ii n06e2l.bl n3!J, lIano-
JIeOHOM B BeJlHKOH OTeqeCTBeHHoH BOHne 1812 r. (nYlllKHH
HpOHHqeCKH Ha3BaJI ee «AJIeKC3I1,H.pnrfC]{H).1 CTO..'1 n01\1») .
3TOT f\fOH,YMeHT H3 rpaHHTa HaTo..'IKHy..TI n03Ta Ha pa3-
MbIIllJIeHHSI 0 pa3I1bIX cY.Llb6ax BJIa.ll.bII< Mnpa Ii n03TOB. nYlll-
KHH YTBep>K.LlaeT, liTO l1,aeH rYMaIlIlOCTH, HapO,!I.HOCTH !J,e..'Ia-
lOT HMH n03Ta OeCCft1epTHbIM. OCIIOBlIaH TeNIa npOH3Be,lI-e-
HHH - oeCCMepTHe n03Ta.
TIpH H3YlleHHH CTHXOTBOpCHIIH XOpOIllO nOKa3aTb lIa ypo-
Ke H306pa>KCHHH cKy..'IbnTYP, nOCBHIllcHHhlX nYIlIKHHY.
nepBblH MOHYMeHTa..TJbHbIH nal\fHTHHK nYlllKHUY B POC-
CH" ObIJl c03Aall CKYJIbnrOpOl\1 A. OncKyrnHHbll\f n YCT3UOB-
JleH B 1880 r. B \OCKBC H3 nw'IOII.J.a!J,lI, Hl\1eHyeMoH HblHe
nYWKliHCKoit ,[LPyroii nalflTlIHK ero }Ke paooTLI, KaI{ 6bl
63

BapnallT J\.fOCT{OBCKOrO, YCTaHODJIen n IleTepuypre, n 1\fa.J10
H3BeCTell. On HeBeollHK no pa3Mepa:\11 II CTOHT HeLla.J1eKO OT
lOCKOBCKoro BOK3aJIa. B neTep6ypre OTKpbITHe na:M5ITIIHKa
rrpOlllJlO OqeHb CKpOMHO, H a epel'rIOHHn npHCYTCTBOBaJl CTa p-
un.n"1 CbIH nYUIKHHa - reH.epaJl-faHOp A. A. TIYllIKHH.
B fy\OCKBe me OTKpbITHC OTMeQaJ10Cb Ol(eHb TopmeCTneIlIlO,
C peqaMH BLIcTynHJIH A. OCTpOBCKHH, cI>. ,L{ocToeBCKHfl,
H. TypreHeB. B .lI.HH OTKpblTHH naMHTIIHKa KOfIl03HTOp
C. TaHeeB HanHCa.,1 Ha CTHXOTnopeHHe TIYlllKHHa «51 naMf.lT"
HI-II< ceoe B03,lI,BHr HepYKOTBOPH.bIH» KaHTaTY llJIf.I xopa COp..
KeCTpOM, BnepBbIe HCnOJ1HeHHYIO B MOCKBe, lI.HpH/KHpOBa..'1
caM aBTOp.
B rO.llLl COBeTCKOH B.,1aCTH rra1\iSlTHHI<H TIYUIKHHY B03"
JJ.BHraJIHCb B OeTp03anO.ll.CKe, KHeBe, i\\UX3H..'10BCKOl\1 H .llp.
O.ll.IIHM H3 JIyqWHX Cl(UTaeTCSI nal'iIHTIIHK CKYJlbnTopa 1\1\. Ann-
KYUIHHa, YCTanOBJIeHHbIll B JIen.HHrpaLle B 1957 r. Ha IlJ10"
lI{a,aH HCKYCCTB, a TaK)I<e KHeBCKHH naMHTHHK cKy..'1bnTOpa
A. KOBaJIeBa, OTKpLITbJH B t 962 r.
Ha nal\.IHTHHKe pa60TbI A. OneKYlllHHa TIYUIKHH 1130"
Op3>KeH B pa3.!{YfbH, co CJIerKa HaK.TJOHCIIIlOH ro.,"IoBofI, 3a..rIO-
>KeHHaH 3a crrnny py({a co UIJlHnoiI, lIefHOro BbIJI.BHHYT3S1
Bnepc,!1 Hora C03.llaIOT BIle1JaTJIeIIne .!\BHmeHHH l'ife.lI.JIeHIIOrO
wara no YJIHue. JIHUO n03Ta OT.TJHQaeTCH OOJIblIIHM nopr-
peTHbIM CXO.!I.CTBOM. Ha HeM Jle>KHT neqaTb rJly6oKoro, eno-
KOHHoro pa3fblIlI.'IenHSI. BpOH30naH CKYJlbnTypa, He:MHorlfM
Bblllle tleJlOBetICCKoro pOCTa, CTOIlT Ha QeTblpeXrpaIIII.01'ff
nbe)leCTaJIe H3 qepHOrO rpaHHTa Cpe.lI.H l\fIloro..TJIO.llHOH nJ10-
raa.lI.H. C03.lI.aeTCH Tal<oe oruyracHlIe, C..TIOBHO n03T, HaOol11O!la51
OKpY>KalOIII.YIO iKH3I1b, npHCJIYWHBaHCb K BlIYTpeHHel\lY rO.,10-
cy CBoero cep.n..I.I.a t 0 f\1 Horo l\f .ZI.YMaeT H pa3lbIlllJIHeT. KaK
6Y.!I.TO 3BYQaT ero CTHXH:
BpO>KY JIB H BJtOJIb YJInu. lUY1HbIX,
B XO/KY .TJb BO MI10r0J1iO.'U1 bIn xpa M,
CH>KY nb Me>K IOHOUleH 6e3YMHblX,
51 npe!18lOCb MOHM MeqTat...
CaM cKynbnTop npH3H.ana.TJ t QTO npH C03,lr.aHHH naMHT-
G
HHKa 3TO CTHXOTBOpeHHe nOC,nYiKHJIO OCIIOBOH .lI.JIH paCKpbI"
THH OOpa33 n03Ta. BOCbMHKJIaCCHHKH npHXO.ZI.5IT K BbIBO.n..y,
qTO naMSlTHHK OQeHb Bblpa3HTe..TJeJl cBoeii eCTeCTBeHHOH npo..
CTOTOA H rnyGHHo nCHXOnorHQeCKOrO paCKpWTHf.I oopa3a
BeJlHKOrO n03T3.
B llpyroM nJlaHe pernell o6pa3 A. TIYUIKHH:1 B nCIIIIIT-
rpa,Z1CKOM nal\fHTHHKe COBCTCKoro cKynbnropa 1\1. AHIfKY-
64

lllHHa. OTKpblTHe naMHTHHKa COCTOHJIOCb B KaHYH npa3;I.HO-
BaHHH 250-JIeTHH JIeHHHrpa,l{a (19 HIOH,H 1957 r.) H 6bIJIO
60JlbWHM C06b1THeM B }l{H3IlH ropoAa.
Ha nJIoruaJI.H I1CKYCCTB, r.lle on YCTanOBJ1eU, HaXO.!I.HTCH
<l>HJlapMOHHH, PYCCKHH MY3eH, MY3eH 3THorpacf>HH HapOJI.oB
CCCP. TaKHM 06paaoM, caa nJIom.al1b H 3,aaHHH BOKpyr
nee, 3aTeM naMHTHHK OYllIKHHY, B03BbIlllalOIIJ.HHcH B lleHTpe,
KaK 6b1 YTBep*JI.aIOT B ce6e H,aelO c..'1Y}KeHHS1 HCKyccTBa
n8po.n.y. Xopomo nOKaaaTb llIKOJIbHHKal't1 cpOTO 3.llaHHH nep-
BoA nOJIOBHHbI XIX BeKa, 3.!13HHH nymKHHcKoH 3nOXH.
M. AHHKYWHH rJly60Ko nOqYBcTBona.TJ H Bblpa3HJI B
cKYJIbnType COCTOHHHe nopbIBa H BJI.OXHOneHHH. MbI Y3J1aeM
nYWKHH8, BJIOXHOBeHHO, TpeneTHo H cTpacTHo qHTalOIIJ.erO
CBOH CTHXH. OH CTOHT, npoTS1HYB B CTOPOHY npaBYlo PYKY
H CJIerKa nOBepHYB rOJIOBY. CTpOHHOCTb JIHHHH cpHrypbl, npH-
nO,l{HHTaH rOJIOBa, oc06eHIIo meCT npaBOH PYKH, nOBopOT
KHCTH, naJlbII.bI PYKH - Bce nO,l{tlepKHBaeT B.llOXHOBeHHe no-
3Ta, Bee nepe,aaHO C Y.!1HBHTeJIbHbIM qYBCTBOM rapMOH,HH.
3.AeCb Bce onpaB,l{aHO, npOCTO H n03TOl\1Y y6e.ll.HTeJ1bIIO.
YlIa1I.1HeCH BHAHT >KHBOH, OCTpblH B3r JIHA, BblCOKHH JI06,
HCHO OqepqeHHYIO JIHHHIO ry6. KameTcH, liTO nymKHH, OXBa-
qeHHbIH n03THQeCKHM B,aOXHOBeHHeM, 3a6blB 060 BceM Ha
CBeTe, HaXO.llHTCH no BJ1aCTH n033HH, TOJlbKO n033HH. OH
IIHTaeT CTHXH Hero CJIywaeT npHTHXUIaH nJ10m.a,l:lb, HanOtl'I"
HeHHaH JIIO,l:lbMH, CJIYlllaeT BeCb ropo.Ll.
CKYJIbnTypa YCTaHOBJICHa na nOCTaMeHTe H3 KpaCHoro
rpaHHTa, cpOpMbI KOToporo XOpOllJO BnHCblBalOTCH B xapaK"
. . .
Tep OKpY>KalOIIJ.HX nJIOma]lb 3,l:laHHH H CBoeH npOCTOTOH H
JIaKOHHIIHOCTblO npH.!1aIOT CTpOHHOCTb H BbIpa3HTeJIbHOCTb
BceMY naMHTHHKY.
B WKOJIe T8K>Ke H3Y1IaeTCH pOMaH. B CTHxax «EBreHHH
OHerHH». nYIIIKHH pa60TaJI Ha;I. 3THM npOH3Be.!1eHHeM 60JIee
ceMH JIeT, TIUaTetllbHO npOJI.YMbIBaH K8>K.llOe CJJOBO, K8iK-
,l:lYIO CTpOIlKY.
BeJlHHCKHH rOBOpHJI, tlTO n03T o6JIan.aJ1 Y.lI.HBHTenblIOH
cnoc06HOCTblO n.eJIaTb n03TJl1IeCKHMH caMbIe, Ka3aJIOCb 6bl,
np03aH1IeCKHe npe,l:lMeTbI. 11 B nO,l:lTBep}J{,l:leHHe nHTHpOBa.'1
CTpOKH:
Y>K TeMHO. B C8HKH 011 C8.ltHTCSI,
na.ltHI naJ].H - p8311ancSi KpHK...
rOBOpH 0 pa60Te nYllIKHHa Ha,l:l pO}laHOM «EBreHHH
OHerHH», XopOWO npO)teMOH.CTpHpOB8Tb H8 BHeKJIaCCHbIX
3 3-1 il)
65

. .: _::J

I'
I..
L
r."
. ,
f
I
L
!-
.
: 
... ... '"
l" I. J
,. ,
 F4
<%
::-
.
,...
..';,
 'f
,
, -ro-: .._
"': .- i
_'; (:?_ ;'ir:'" <:ii . T'i
.::
. ,>
,1' "
"J........
.
..
; -
"< .'<
'
'"
"!
:.. .
,
i..:.'"
.-'
t:-
<,
J:: _
....--r-
 -.
t..
.-,
., ... pj!'r.. . J .:
<..
o\-r
;
.... -:
'--"2<;;-"
-. -.- .,
5."- -. .
;:
-, i.-'"
-----': ....
;!...
 .;.
.-;-J._-
7
.
....:. --f'o.4,
 '. ;>\

-
i . '. . '/. ("
i-"
.,-
" 
 j<:
'"
-ijl..
,.:..:;

.
,'i
! '1 -
.  .""i{' . .;..
f9 .' ,
.  .
.,. ,
LA
-.,
-: ".
.. ...?  .J: S-'
.......'...  ...l..... ...
]\'\ fuun<yrIlHH. naMHTnUK A. C. nYUIKln1Y.
ll'J,-
i",
Y.
l
'-.
.;:
E=>.,
./:
-.'}:
..4$
it.! f!.. 7 
"-(>-
.'. j
" t..
.....5.-.
..: "
'.t'.".
'" ;; ... ;_:/!.. ,..
..... l......,.. X'"
. 'f
-  } :.. -:' !:.._)::...-- "':::i.:.'" ......:::- '-' ....... -..- '---
'.l'f.._
 '". ..'j :1 .'"
";l
_ .... "J
;.... )--
.....-
r-';\,

'tj
..,
,<
.\.
..._ J"
..t-,

.
.-.t. . .-..
J

:tHIISlTHHX ,nOKYMeHTaJIbHbIA <pHJIbM CPYKOnHCH nYWKHlla».
IIOKa3bIBaI0ll1HH, C KaKHM TPY.lI.OM, no Bblpa>KeHHIO )KYKOB-
l'Koro, nHCaJI OH CBOH «JIerKHe, JIeTyqHe CTHXH».
UeJlb H3YQeHHH KpYUHeHillero npOH3BeJteHHH nYWKHHa
ua ypOKax .I1HTepaTypbI 3aKJIIOQaeTCH B TOM, lITOOhI nOMOlJb
OTI<pblTb YtJallJ.H1\-ICH rJIYOHHY HJJ.eHHO-XY.lI.O}l{eCTBenH.oro co-
Jlep>KallHR 3Toro npOH3Be,l1eHHH, nOCTHlJb npeKpacnylO npo-
CTOTY H COBepweHCTBO ero xY,l10}l{eCTBeH.HOH ClJOPMbi H 3THM
CHMbIM cnoco6CTBOBaTb <l>OpIHpoBaHHIO 9CTeTHQeCKHX BKY-
COB UIKOJIbHHI<OB. POMaH «EBreHH" OHerHH» ,l1aeT orpO.MllbIe
n03MO>KHOCTH (3noxa, C06blTHH, Hl\feHa, xapaKTepbl, nerI-
aam, JIHpHQeCKHe oTcTyn,,'1eIlHH) )J,JISI HCnOJIb30BaHHH H8 ypo-
Kax "TJHTep8Typbl .llPyrHx BHJJ.OB HCKYCCTB, C nOMOllI.blO KOTO-
pblX TaK:>Ke yrJIy6JISIIOTCH npe):{CTaBJIeHHH YlJalllHXCSI 0 npe-
KpaCHOM. 06blqnO lIa H3yqeUHe pOMaHa OTBO,l1HTCH 13-14
ypOKOB. 3Toro BnOJlHe llOCTaTOQHO ,l1JIH cTapllleKJIaCCHHKoa,
KOTopbIe MorYT l\IHOrHe C06hlTHH pOl\faH.a nOHHTb H OnenHTb
ca MOCTOHTe4l1bHO.
Ho Ha ypOK3X .lI.O,,'1}1(1I8 ObITb onpc.neJIenHaSi CHCTeMa H3Y-
lIeH HR npOH3ae):leHHSI. 3TOMY Bonpocy nOCBHIl{enO 60JIblllOe
J<O,,'1HQeCTBO JIHTepaTypHo-MeTO,llHlJeCKHX pa6oT, KOTopble H
nOl\forYT YtJHTeJlIO COCTaBHTb nJIaH ypOKOB H 6ecen no npo-
"3Be,l1eHHIO.
nepeJt rCM I{aK yqeHHKH 03HaKOl\IHTCH C npoH3BeneHHeM
caMOCTOHTeJIbIIO, Ha.110 B K.'1acce npOQHT8Tb nepaylO rJIaay.
BamHoe 3H8qeHHe npH 3TOM HMeeT Bblpa3HTeJIbHOe qTeHHe.
nepBaH rJIaa pOMaH8 Tpy,nHa 06HJIHeM He3HaKOMbIX
HMeH, D.eHCTBHH, xapaKTepoB, OTCYTCTBHeM BHelliHero OCTpO
a u
pa3BHBalOrnerOCH ClOmeTa, CMeH.on 8BTOpCKHX HHTonaUHH.
n03TOMY ee HallO npOQHT3Th oc06eHHO 9fOUHOHaJIbHO, Bbl-
pa3HTeJIbHO, QTo6 3aHHTepeCOBaTb YQaIl(HXCH, 38CT8aHTb HX
nOqYBCTBOBaTb HpOHHIO, rpYCTb, JIHpHqeCKOe pa311YMhe aBTO"
pa H p33Ho06pa3He COllepm8HHH. <l>opMa qTeHHH ,l10Jl>KIIa
COOTBeTCTBOBaTb HenpHHY>K,l1eHHoCTH n03THQeCKOrO paCCKa3a
nYWKHHa.
On p eJI.eJI ell He - npHCYTCTByeT JIH B npOH3BelleHHlI, KpO-
Me rJIaBHOrO repOH, caM aaTOp - O.ll.HH H3 Ba:>KHbIX Bonpo..
con, KOTOpbIH HMeeT 60JIbIllOe 3HaqeHHe ,l1JIH nOHHMaHHH pO-
Mana. K CO>KaJIeHI1IO, YQaIII.HeCSI He BcerJI.a YMelOT npH
lITeHH" OT,lJ.elIHTb aBTopa OT OHerHHa. n03TOl\1Y HallO npo-
tHtT8Tb TaK (ocooeHHO CTpOcJ>b1 V, X, XVI, XVII, XVIII),
IJTo6bl yqaIll.HeCH nOQYBcTBOBaJIH H nOHHJIH, qTO o6u..1ee II
pfl3J1H t lHOe Me){{ny OnerHHbIM H 8aTopOM.
3-
67

Ha npOTH>KeHHH pOMana aBTOp BblcTynaeT K8K COBpe-
MeHHHK OHerHHa. nYIIIKHH TO rOBopHT «MbI» (OODe.llHHHH
ce6H H repOH) :
CTpSCTeH Hrpy MbI 31I8J1H 068.
TOMHJ18 >KH3Hb O()OHX Hac...
H TYT >Ke:
.sI ()blJI 03J100Jlen, OH yrplOM.
Oc06eHHOCTb TaKoro pOMaHa, r.lle aBTOp, paCCKaSblBaH
OHorpa<p HIO , BbIcTynaeT KaK paCCKa3QHK H yqaCTHHK co6b1"
THn, OTKpblJI ewe B. 6eJIHII.CKHH. OH nHCaJI: «OHerHH» eCTb
caMoe Sa.l1YllIeBHoe npOH3Be.lleHHe nYllIKHHa, caMoe JlI06H-
Moe .llHTH ero <l>aHTa3HH, H MO}KHO YKa3aTb CJIHllIKOM Ha He..
MHorHe TBopeHHH, B KOTOpWX nHqHOCTb n03Ta OTpa3HJlaCb
6w C TaKoH nOJIHOTOH, CneTJIO H HCHO, KaK OTpa3HJIaCb B
«OHerHHe» JlHqHOCTb nYWKHHa. 3J(ecb BCH >KH3Hh, BCSI Jlyrna,
BCH JII060Bb ero, s.n.eCb ero qYBCTBa, nOHHTHH, H.lleaJlbl. Due-
HHTb TaKoe npOH3Be.lleHHe, 3HaQUT - oueHHTb caloro n03Ta
ao BceM 06'beMe ero TBOpqeCKOH .lI.eHTeJIbllOCTH» 1.
Oc06oe MeCTO B pOMaHe aalIHMalOT JIHpHqeCKHe oTcTyn-
JIeIlHH, B KOTOpbIX nymKHH BbICK83b1BaeT CBoe MHeHHe
o npe.llMeTe HCKyccTBa, ero COJI.ep>K8HHH H <popMe, 0 JlHIIHO"
eTH XY.llO>KHHKa.
Ha JIHpH1JeCKHe oTcTynJIeHHH Y1JHTeJIIO Ha.110 o6paTHTb
caMoe cepbe3Hoe BH8MaHHe. B03MO>KHO, OHH Bbl30BYT cno..
phi B KJlaCCe, .llHCKYCCHH, HO 3TO Bce nOMO>KeT <pOpMHpOB8-
HHIO .9CTeTHlIeCKHX B3fJ1H.l10B llIKOJlbHHKOB, np8BHJlbHOH
oueHKe He TOJlbKO npOH3BeJl.eHHH npOWJloro, HO B .n.aJIbHeA..
meM H COBpeMeHHoro HCKYCCTBa.
AHaJlH3HpYH pOMaH, CJle.n.yeT HCXO.llHTb 83 OCHOBHbIX cueH
npOH3Be.lleHHH, liTO peKOMeHJI.yeTcH B pa60Tax M. PbI6HHKO"
BoA 2, H. MOJl.llaBCKOU S, H. KYllpHBneBa 4. 9TO MHCUHe
OCH.OBanO Ha onblTe, KOTOpbIH nOllcKa3bIBaeT, qTO llIKOJlbHH-
KOB 60JlbllIe Bcero HHTepecYIoT nOBeJI.eHHe H nocTynKH repoeB
B OCHOBHbIX cueHax, OBH HmYT 06"bHCHeHHSI .9THM nocTynKaM,
3a.l1alOT BonpocbI H caMH nWTalOTCH OTBeTHTb.
I B. r. Ben H H C K H A. Co6p. CO'l. B 3-x TOM8X. T. 3, M., rHXn.
1948. CTp. 495.
2 «J1HTepsTypa B ull<o'e». 1940, N 4.
8 TaM >K e, 1964, N9 2.
4 TaM JK e. 1966, N!! 6.
68

C l1eMOIICTpaUHeA 4>HJIbMa «PYKOnHCH nYWKHHa:. MO>K-
un TeCHO YBH3aTb nOKaa PHCYUKOB 003T8, B OCHOBH.OM, aBTO"
IInprpeTOB. nYWKHH pHCOB3JI rYCHHbIM oepOM HJlH TBep.llblM
KUp8J1J1aWOM Ha nOJlHX PYKOOHceH. OH C03.llaJi CBbIwe nHTH"
JteCHTH aBTonoprpeTOB H MHoro JII06HTeJlbCKHX 3apHCOBOK
cnOHX Jl.pY3eA R e.llHHOMbllliJIeHHHKOB (n. qaaJlaeBa, D. nec..
Tl'J1H, A. rOpQaKOB8 H Jtp.).
MHoro aBTonopTpeTOB H,a CTpaHHuax PYKonHCH pOMaHa
cl8reHHH OnerHH». Ha O.llllOM 83 HHX OH H306pa3HJI ce6H
Y"blnbIM, JIbICblM, CTapblM. Ha nOJIHX 4-H H 5-A rJIaB B ero
1130(5pa>KeHHH qYBCTByeTcH JlerKHH H8.'1CT naCMelll..'1HBOCTH
., "pOnHH Ha.ll caMHM C060H. Ha nonSix III H IV CTpO<p 5-ii
r"naBbI pOMaHa nYWKHH H306pa3HJI ce6H BO neCb pOCT
B lIeCKOJlbKO map>KHpOBaHHoM BH.lle.
Ho paccM3TpHBaH aBTonopTpeT, KOTOpbIH DYIIIKHH Ha..
t5pocan H3 qepHOBHKe nHCbMa K BeHKeH.llOp4>Y (18 cl>eBpaJIH
1832 r.): «QcMeJIHBaIOCb npOCHTb 0(5 O,nHOH MHJIOCTH: Bnpe.llb
HMeTb npaBo C MenKHMH COqHHeHHHMH CBORMH OTHOCHTbCH
K 06bIKHoBeHHoA u.eH3ype» ., MO>KHO saMeTHTb KaKoH"To OT-
nCqaTOK YCTaJIOCTH, .name 6e3pa3J1H1JHH, HeT WYTJlHBOH "po..
IIHH Ha.ll caMHM C060H.
He MeHee HHTepecHa HCTOpHH C03.llaHHH HnJIIDCTpaUHA
K pOMaHY «EBreHHH OHerHH.». nepBbIM HJIJIIOCTpaTopoM 6hIJI
caM nYWKHH, KOTOpbIA eme B 1824 r., nOCbIJIaH 6paTY cBoii
1180pOCOK . (<<nYWKHH H OHerHH Ha Ha6epe>KHOii HeBhI»),
I1HweT JIbBY CepreeBHtlY: «...BOT Te6e KapTHHKa JlJIH «OHe..
rHHa» - HaAAH HCKYCHbIA H 6b1CTpbIH KapaH.n;am. ECJIH H
nYJ1eT .llpyraH, TaK QT06 Bce B TOM >Ke MeCTOnOJIO>KeHHH.
'fa >Ke cneHa, CJlbllliHlllb nH? 3TO MHe HY>KHO HenpeMeHHO» 2.
no na6pOCKY nYWKHHa OblJla CJ1eJIaHa HJIJIIOCTpan HH
XYJ10>KHHKa A. HOT6eKa, nOHBHBlllaHCH B «HeBcKOM 8J1bMa-
uElxe» 3a 1829 ro.ll. A. HOT6eK COKpaHHJI «MeCTono.nO}KeHHe»
(rpaHHT Ha6epe>KHOH, CHJIY3T OeTpOnaBJlOBCKOH KpenocTH),
110 HCKa3HJI CMblCJI nYWKHlICKoro Ha6pocKa, tteM Bbl3BaJI
rlleB n09Ta.
HJ1nIDCTpHpOBaJI npOH3BelleHHH nYllIKHH3 ytteHHK
K. BpIDnnOBa rpHropHH rarapHH, C KOTOpbIM n03T HeO!1HO"
l<pElTIlO BCrpellaJICH. 3a MeCHu llO CMepTH nYllIKHH3 rara..
pHil. nanHCaJI ero nopTpeT. 3ro 6b1J1 nOCJIe.llHHH npH>KH3HeH-
IIblA nopTp eT n03Ta.
I A. C. n Y ill K H H. nonHoe co(5p. COq. 8 10 TOM8X. T. 10. M.,
11.IJ1.no AI-I CCCP. 1958, CTp. 408.
I T 8 M )K e. CTp. 107.
I
69

B npouecce H3YQeHHJI pOMana "ymHo nOKa3blBaTb caMbIe
pa3Ho06pa3IIbIe HJIJIIOCTpaIlHH, 06palI.{aTb BHHMaHHe yqa-
I.l{MXCH Ha HH,!!HBHJl.yaJIbHYIO TpaKTOBKY HJIJIJOCTpaTopaMH
nYllIKHH.CKMX repoeB.
HanpHMep, PHCYHOK n. A. <l>eJ{OTOBa «TaTb5IHa H HSlnH»
OTnHQaeTCH TennOM H HCKpeHHOCTbIO B OOpHCOBKe nepCOHa"
>KeH, XOTSI OCOOOH nCHX0J10rHQeCKOH BbI p a3HTenbHOCTH 3,lteCb
ne qYBCTByeTCH. PHCYHOK xpaHHTCH B rocyn.apCTBeHHOH
TpeTbHKOBCKOH raJIepee.
Ha,!\ HJ1J1IOCTpaUJIHl\.IH K pOMaHY pa60raJIH TaKHe XY!(OiK-
HHKIf, KaK n. COKOJIOB, B. CepOB, M. HeCTepon, lvi. Bpy6enb,
i\. BeHya, K. KOPOBHIl, B. \aKOBCKHH.
OlIeHb nony.nHpHbI HJIJIIOCTpal(HH n. COKOJlOna, npe!("
CTaBJIHIOlI.{He cepMIO nopTpeTOB H 6bITOBbIX ClleH. Ha HeI<:O"
Topble H3 HMX CTOHT 06paTHTb BHHMaIIHe (<<E. OHerHlI B
KpeCJ1e», «BaJI y JIapHHblx»), TaK KaK OHM nepe.n.alOT !l.YX
pO:\1aIla If BbIpa>KalOT OTHOllleHHe aBTopa.
B KOHIJ.C XIX BeKa pOMaH «EnreIlHH OHerHH» BbJWeJI
c 8-10 HJ1J110CTpaIJ.J1HMH K. KopoBMHa H O.llHOH 11. PennHa 1.
YqHTeJ1b, yqHTbIBaH yponeHb nOlI.rOTOBKH KJIaCCa, nOJI}Kell
no.aqepKHYTb pa3HYIO TDOpqeCKYIO Mallepy, pa3HbIH nO!l.XOJ1
xy.aO>KHHKOB K O.lI.nOH H TOH me TeMe. XapaKTepHbl .l1JISI
THOptIeCKOH HHJl.HBHAya.,'IbIlOCTH K. KopoBnna HJIJIIOCTpaLllfH
«OHCrHH.», «COH TaTbHHbl», 3HMHHC rreH3a>KH K 5..A rJIane.
OH nHilleT CBo60.lI.HbIMH, lliHpOKHMH l\fa3KaMH, rrpH 310M B
nepBYIO Oqepen.b nepe.n aeT co6CTBeHHoe BocnpHHTHe J{aHHbIX
3nH30,ltOB.
MHoro CKa30qHOii TaHHCTBeHIIOCTH H npHBJIeKaTeJIbHO-
CTH B HJInIOCrpall.HH «COH TaTbSIHbI». MpaQHbl TeMHbIe CTBO-
J]bI eJIeu. B!(aJIH, lIa HX <!Jone, H30YlliKa, nOKpbITaH CHerOM,
raHHCTBeHHO l\-lepnaeT ee orOHeK. OrpOMHbIH, qepIIbIH, KOC"
1aTbTH Me!l.Be)I.b OCpe>KHO HeceT TOHeHbKYIO .l1eBymKY, 6e..'Ioe
I1.TJaTbe KOTOpOH pe31{O KOHTpacTHpyeT co BceM cl>OIIOM
KapTHHbI.
B HJIJ110CTpaUHH «OHerHH:' 06P33 repoH HeCKO"TJbKO meH-
cTBeHHbIH, ero nO.TJHOe, XO..rIeHOe JIHUO cKopee HanOMHHaeT
npen.cT3BHTe.,'1H H3bICK3HHoro 9CTeTH3Ma HatJaJIa 90Q-x ra..
.nOB, COBpCl\1eHHHKoM KOToporo Obl.1J K. KopoBHH, qeM nyw..
KHHCKoro repoH.
AKnapeJIb H. PenHHa «,QY9JIb OHerHHa C JIeH,CKlf1\f» no,lt-
QepJ{J1BaeT Apyroe - .npaMaTH3M C06b1THH. YqalI.{lfeCH caMH
I COqUHeHHSI A. c. nYWKHHa. M., TaB. THO. MaMOHTona, 1899. I
70

paCCK3>Kyr 0 TOM, QTO OHH BHJt5lT B aKBapeJlH - 3HMHHH
neA3a>K, 3anOpOrneHHa51 CHerOM MeJ]bHHa, CTBOJlbl ,lI.epeBb"
('R, ClleiKHoe nOJIe, Ha KOTOpOl\f 01JeHb Bblpa3HTeJIbHbI «P l1r YPbl
OllcrMHa H JIeHcKoro. H. PeIIHH OTOIllellTJ OT Tpa.!I.HUHOHIIoro
Jt306pa>Ke1IHH YMHp3JOLU.erO JIcHcKoro H3 cHery. CXBaqeH
cl1e DOJIee nanp5l>KeHHblH MOMeH.T - 6bIBllIHe .llPY3bH noJI."
IIHJIH nHCTOJIeTbI, CeHtIaC peWHTCfI HX cY.llb6a.
OJI.HHM H3 rrepBbIX COBeTCKHX XYlI.O>KHHKOB, HJIJIIOCTpH"
pyroI..UHX pOMaH, 6bIJI H. KY3bl'tfHH. TBOpqeCKaH MaHepa 9TO"
ro XY.l10>KHHKa OlJeIlb cBoeo6pa3Ha. OR C03.!laer CBOH HJ1JIIO..
CTpaHH B .lI.yxe nYlllKHHCKHX PHCYHKOB, pa30paCbIBaH HX H,a
no.nHX H CTpaHHuax pOMaHa. MO>KHO cpaBHHTb nymKHllcKHe
sapHCOBKH (aBTonopTpeTbI) H HJIJIIOCTpaUHH H. KY3bl'tIHHa I,
IIT06bI YBHJteTb HX pa3.nHlJHe.
H. KY3bMHH, no.n.lJepKHBaH B «EBreHHH OHerHHe» aBTO"
Horpa<l>H'QeCKHe MOMeIITbl, n.aeT B OCIIOBHOM 06pa3 caMoro
nYIIIKMHa H B MeHbmeH CTeneHH ero repoeB H HX nepe>KH-
naHHH. nYlIIKHH Bce BpeMSI H.!leT C OHerHHbIM, H 3TO nOKa..
3blnaeT H. KY3bMHH.
PaCCMarpHBaH H nO.l1pOt5HO H3YQaSl PHCYHKH (MO>KHO 9TO
n.aTb H KaK JtOMaWHee 3a.llaHHe, a rrOTOM CBOH BneqaTJIeHHH
COo6ll{HTb B KJlaCce), YlJarnHeH ot5napY>KaT B HHX onpe.Lle"
J1eHHOe H3CTpOCHHe - .'1I1PII3M, rpYCTb, MeJIaHXOJ1J-1JO.
B pOMaHe «EnreHMH OHerHH» MHoro n03THQeCKHX Kap-
THH npHpO.llbl. B CBH3H C 3THM HHTepeCHO YBH3aTb TeMY
" u v
nYUJKHHCKHX nCH3a>Ke C TBOp1JeCTBOM XY.l10}KHHKOB..neH3a..
)KHCTOB - COBpeMeHHMKOB A. nYlllKHHa - <1>. AJIeKCeeBa,
\. JIeOe!IeBa, C. IIle.ZlpHHa.
B KJlaCCe MO>KHO opraHH30BaTb He6oJIbIIIYIO BbICTaBKY,
It
OTpa>KalOlltylO pa3BHTHe PYCCKoro HCKYCCTBa rrepBOH TpeTH
X IX B. BbICTaBKa HanOMIIHT ftlHOrOe H3 TorO t qTO Y>Ke 6bIJIO
CKa3aHO 06 HCKyccTBe B CBH3H C H3YlJaelbIl\ofH npOH3Bel1eHH"
"MH nYllIKHH3, ]1 cyw.ccTBeJlHo llonO.TJHlfT DocnpHHTHe Kpyn..
lIeHllIero npOH3Be.lleHHH - pOM3na «EBreHHH OHernn».
Ha BbJCTanl<e MO>KJlO HcnO.TJb30BaTb aJIb6olbl C BH.!I.aMH
cTaporo neTep6ypra, BbIBeCHTb penpo.n.YKUHH C KapTHH xy..
JlO>KIIHKOB - cOBpeMeHHMKoB nYlllKMHa: K. 5pIOJlJlOBa,
O. KHnpeBcKoro, A. BCHeuHaHoBa, B. TpOnHHI1IJa, C. IUe.rr...
pHHa; t1>oToKonHIO THTYJlbHoro JIMCTa nepBoro H3,llaHHH l-ft
rJl8BbI «EBreHHH OnerHHa», aBTonopTpeTbl nYIIIKHHa, ero
snpHcoBKY B nHCbMe K 6paTY (OYIlII<HH H OHerHH JIB
I A. c. n Y In K H H. EBrPiHIH OHernH" M., rl1Xn. 1961.
fl

HaOepe)KHOH HeDbl); CTpaHHUb1 " qepHOBOA pYKonHcH
I I r.FJanbJ «EnrellHH OHerHHa» H «OTpbIBKOB H3 nYTemecTBHH
O,HerH'Ha», Ha6pocKH H PHCYHKH H. PenHH8 (cOHerHH H
JIeHcKHA», cJI.Y9JJb OHerHHa H JIeHcKoro»).
XOpOlIIO OblJlO ObI nOKaaaTb nopTpeTbI Tex, 0 KOM rOBopUT
nYWKHH a pOMaHe (K. ,llHJlJIO, A. KOJIOCOBOH, E. CeMeHoaoA,
A. HCTOMHHOH HAp.); HJIJIIOCTpaUHH" A. HOT6eKa, n. COKO-
JIOBa, H. KY3bMHila K pOMaHY H CTapHHHble JIHTOrpa<»HH:
ceJIO MHXaHJI08CKOe (JIIfTOrpaMH, 1837 r.), BHJ1 C .llBopno-
80H HaOepe>KHOH Ha Heay, \aKapbeBcKaH SlpMapKa a HH>K-
HeM HOBrOpOJle, BHJl Ha fYP3Y<P H AlOl1ar, O.l1eCCKHA nopT
B 1833 r., OJtecca, J101 M. BOpoHuo8a.
O,!lHO H3 BHeKJI aCCHbIX 3aHHTHA MO>KHO nocaHTHTb TeMe
«PyccKaH KYJIbTypa nepaoli nonOBHHbI XIX BeKa», r,ne 60Jlee
nOJ1pOOHO OCBeTHTb HCKYCCTBO nywKHHcKOH 9nOXH, nopY1JHB
HeKoTopbIM yqeHHKaM nO.ll.rOTOBHTb .nOKJIal1bI (<<Onepbl
M. f JIHHKH», «PoMaHcbI A. A. AJISl6beBa», «neA3a>KH
<1>. 51. AJIeKCeeBa, M. H. JIeoe.neBa, C. <%>. lUeJlpHHa» H ,l1p.).
npH H3YQeHHH o()wecTaeHHo-noJlHTHqecKoH JIHpHKH
DymKHHa peKOMeHJlyeM Ha BHeKJIaCCHOM aaHHTHH 03HaKO-
MMTb Y1JalI1HxcH C onepoA 10. llIanopHH8 «,QeKa6pHcTbI».
C03.l1aHHOH B 1953 r. JIHopeTTo onephl n03Ta Bc. PO>KJleCT-
BeHCKoro. 3TO repoHKo-narpHOTHQeCK8S1 9noneH. HCTOpHqe-
CKH npaBl1HBO BOCC03.l1.alOwast 06pa3bJ lteKa6pHcToB - «60-
raTbIpeH. KOBaHHblX H3 qHCTOA CTaJIH» (repueH). I1HTepec-
80 OTMeTHTb, '1TO Qepe3 BCIO onepy npOXO,l1HT nYUIKHHCKaH
TeMa «TOBa pH Ill, Bepb...» 3TH CJIOBa n03T8 B3HTbI B OCHOBY
rnMHa ,l1eK8()pHCTOB. KOTOpbIH OHH nOIOT B nepBOM, BO BTO-
pOM, B TpeTbeM aKTax, a qeTBepTblA SaKaHQHBaeTCSI necneH
M. BecTY>KeBa «Ham cKop6HblH TPY,n. He npOnal1eT» (Ha
CJIOBa A. O.llOeBCKoro), nOJIHOH My>KeCTB8, onTHMH3Ma.
npocJlymaB rHMH lleKaopHCTOB «TOBapHllI., Bepb...», BOCb-
MHKJIaCCHHKH c nOMOlI.{blO yqHTeJIH onpe,n.eJIHT, qTO ero neJIH
nHTb qeJIOBeK (KBHHTeT) I. KBHH.TeT B onepe - 9TO saKOH-
.
qeHHbIH HOMep.
B onepe 10. IIIanopRHa KBHHTeT COCTOHT H3 pa3HbIX no
BbICOTe Tona rOJIOCOB (TpH Tenopa - KaXOBCKHA, lllenHH,
POCTOBu.eB H llBa 6apHTOHa -l'Pyoeu.KoH, .5IKYOOBHQ). ilJIH
60JlbWeH BblpaSHTeJlbHOCTH H rJIy6HHbI paCKpbITHSI COllep>Ka-
I KSUHTer (OT HTan.- n.RTwd). KBHHTeT (5b1BaeT He TOJlbKO H3 80-
K8J1HCTOB, HO H HHCTpYMeHT8J1HCTOB, nanpHMep. A8e CKpHi1KJI. .l1B3 8JIbT3,
BHOnOnqenb.
72

HHH rHMH8 KOMn03HTOp HCnOJIb30Ban pa3Hbie rOJlOCa, 'ITO
n pH,llaeT npOH3Be.lleHHIO Bblpa3HTeJlbHYIO MY3bIKaJlbHYIO OK-
paCKY, .lI.eJIaeT ero 60raTbiM OTTeHKaMI1 H uaCTpoeHHHMH.
B onepe MHoro HHTepeCHX MY3KanbHWX 9nH30OB H
apHH. 3TO HeMHoro cypOBble, HO nOJIHble C.lI.ep>KaHHOH CHJlbl
Ii BOJIH apHH OeCTeJlH (<<0, pOD.HHa-MaTb», «BbICOKOH npaB-
.lI.bl petlb»); PblJleeBa (<<0, PYCb MOSl», «OTeqeCTBO Hallie
CTp a .l1 3 eT»); neCHSI KaxOBcKoro (<<KorJI.a nOTOK C BbICOKHX
rop»). 3TO HapOD.Hble H COJlD.aTCKHe neCHH H XOpbI (<<3x,
B TaraHpore», «3a ,llyuaeM», «Ou, nOrOJI.YlllKa», «Ax, T3JIaH»,
«Ha CHOHpCKOfI J!opore» H J!p.). 3TO n03TH'IHbIe neCHH
o ..'1100BH H CIJaCTbe (D.Y3Tbl lll.enHHa H EJIeHbl). Bce 9TO HHTe-
peCHO npOCJIymaTb, IJTo6bI yrJlYOHTb nOHMMaHHe oopa30n
n.eKaopHCTOB-COBpeMeHHIIKOB Ii .l1pY3eH nYlllKHHa. KpOMe
Toro, 3TO npHOOlllaeT yqaIllJIXCH K MY3bIKaJIbHOMY HCKYCCTBY,
B 'IaCTHOCTH K onepe, K MY3b1KaJlbIIOH xapaKTepHCTHKe oopa-
30B B Heft, K nOHHlaHHIO BOKaJIbHbIX <pOpM H TepMHHOB.
AHaJIH3HPYH pOMaH «EBreHHH OHerHH», yqHTeJlb MO}l{eT
03HaKOMHTb yqamHXCH C O.Zl.HOHMeHHOH: onepOH n. 4aHI{OB-
CKoro. HYJKHO npe.ll.OCTepetlb YtleHHKOB OT ynpOw.eIIHoro
nOII.HMallHH MY3b1KH n. 4aHKOBCKoro KaK 3BYKOBOH HJlJIIOCT-
paUHH K pOMaHY. BonJIoru.aSl n03THtleCKHe 06pa3bl pOMaHa
«EBreHHH OHerHH» B MY3bIKe, TaKOH XY!I.O>KHHK-MblCJlHTeJlb
KaK n. 1.IaHKoBcKHH npCTBopHeT HX aKTHBHO, B CBeTe CBoe-
ro MHpOOll1ymeHHSI, CBOHX HD.eR H HacTpoeHHH.
113 nHCbMa n. LJaHKoBcKoro cBoeMY 6paTY MOJI.ecTY
HJlbHtlY H3BecTHo, KaK B03HHKJla MbICJlb HanHcaTb onepy
no nywKHHcKOMY TeKcTY. CIO>KeT onepbl KOMn03HTopy no.a-
CKa3aJl8 H3BeCTH,aSl MOCKOBCKaH neBHua E. JIaBpoBcKaH.
KOMn03HTop nHweT: «...MblCJIb 9Ta nOKa3aJIaCb MHe AHKOH,
H H HHqero He OTBetlaJl... nOTOM 3a.n.YMaJICH... nOTOM YB.neKCSI
H K KOIlUY ooeJI.a peWI1JICH. TOT'Iac no6emaJl OTbICKHBaTb
OYWKHHa. C TPY.!lOM HaWeJI, OTnpaBHJlCSI JI.OMO", nepelle..TJ
C BOCToprOM H npose", COBepmeHHO oeCCOHHYIO HOllb, pc-
3YJIbTaTOM KOTOpOH 6b1J1 caeHapHYM (nJIaH onepbI - JI. C.)
npe,,'1eCTHOH onepbl C TeKCTOM nYlIIKHHa...»
n03>Ke BMeCTe co CBOHM .lI.pyroM K. lllHJIOBCKHM n. qaff-
KOBCKHH COCTaBHJI JlH6peTTO onepbl Ii MeHee qeM 3a ro.!l.,
B HHBape 1878 r., nOJlHOCTblO aaKOHqHJI ee napTHTYPY.
KOMn03HTop nOCTaBHJI nepeD. cODoR ueJIb - Bon.llOTHTb
B MY3bIKe oopa3bl BeJlH'IaHllJerO npOH3Be.!leHHH nYUIKHHa.
Ho OH nOHHMaJl. liTO onepa. OOJIa.naH CBOHl\'IH 3aKOHaMl1
73

pa3BHTHH H 6YJI.YlIH 01Iellb YCJlOBHbI1 BH;!lOrvl HCI{YCCTBa, lie
MO>KeT CTaTb «3HLJ.I1]{JIOne,lI.HCH PXCCKOH >KH3HH», Kal{ CTaJI
pOMaH nYIllKHHa, no MeTKOI\'IY onpetJ,eJIeHHIO OeJIHHCKoro.
4aHKOBCKHH CTpeMHJICH paCKpbITb B MY3bIKa.1JbHbIX oopa3ax
.1HtIHYIO JlparvlY Tpex repoen pOlaHa: TaTbHHbl, OuerHHa H
JlcHcKoro. .IIl1pHQecKoe TOJIKOBaHHe pOl\1aHa K01\III03HTOp no.lI.-
QepKHy.n B Ha3BaHHH: «EBreHHH OlIerHH». JIl1pHlIeCKHe ceHbl
B Tpex D.eHCTBHHX. TeKCT no flYWKHHY. i\\Y3blKa [I. 4aHKOB-
CKoro». PaccKa3blBaH 06 onepe, XOpOIllO nOKa3aTb nopTpeTLI
n. H. 4aHKoBcKoro, I1CnOJIHHTe.neH OCHOBllbIX napTHH.
JIYtII.llHe l'vlY3bIKa..1lbHbIe CTpaHHII.LI onepbI nOCD5Ilu.eHbl O,!l-
HOH H3 r.naBHLIX repoHHb -l'aTbHlle. Ee xapaKTep pacKpbl-
naeTCH Y}I{C no BCTynJIeIIMH, B OCIIOBe KOToporo .1JC}I{HT Mew10-
.ll.HH, BOCC03.lI.alOlllaH MetITaTe.TJbHLlH H n03THlleCKHH 06pa3
rcpoHllH. 3Ta Mewl0JI.HH nllJ1HeTCH .1leH:TI\'IoTHBOM BceH onpbl
H B opKecTpe, H B rOt/TIoce.
HaH60wlee nOJIIIO o6pa3 TaTbHHbI oxapaKTepH30BaH BO
STOpOH KapTHHe - cueHe nHCbMa K OHerHuy, r;I.e CTHXH
IIyw({HHa H MY3bIKa 4aHKoBcKoro CJIHBalOTCH H 3aXBaTbIBa-
lOT r.ny6ulIoH pa3lJoo6pa3HWX 1\lc.nO.QHH - HaCTpoeHHH. flpo-
c.I1YI.llaB, pe6HTa caMH 'IorYT onpe;I.e..TIHTb 3TH H,aCTpoeHHH:
OTtIaHHHe, TOCKa (<<Ax, HHHH, IIHHSI, H TOCKYIO...»); po6Koe
npH3HaHHe (<<51 K Ba M nHIlIY ...»); cTpacTHblH nopbIB (<<Oyc-
KaH noraulIY 51...»); MeqTbI (<<Tbl D CIIOBH.!lCHbHX MHe HBr}HJI-
CH»); COlHCl1aS1, H,cynepeHHOCTb B D.OCTH)KeHHH C4aCTbSl
(<<DWTb 'IO)KeT, 3TO Bce nycToe...») H T. ;I..
ECJIH npOCJIelJ.HTb ,Qa.1JbUeHlllee pa3BHTHC qYBCTB repOH"
1111, TO lbl YC..'1LIlllJ1M, qTO B CUCHe 06'bHCHeHHH TaTbHIIbI H
Ouerl1Ha, B cueHax 6a.1Ja Y JIapHHLIX H B flcTep6ypre qYBCT-
na ee nOqTH HC paCKpLIBaJOTCH. lio B ClleHe OeTep6yprcKoro
6aJIa nOHBw151eTCH H3HJ..II.HaSl, cnOKOHIIO BblJlep)KaHHaH 1vleJIO-
AHH, KOTopaH Xapal{TepH3yeT repOHHIO KaK CBeTCKYIO JI.aIY.
«BCJIUqaBYIO» H «ue6peiKlIYIO aaKOHO,LI,aTeJlbHHUY aaJl», no
oupe;!leJIeHlllO OYlllKHlla. B MY3bIKe BllOBb 3BY4HT TeMa JIlo6-
B11 H CTpa.LlaHHH TaTbHllbl, saTeM C OTllaSlHHeM 6pomeHHIuI
<ppa3a: «Bo)Ke[ nOMorH MHe CKpblTb .aYWH ymaCH.oe BOJI"
HeHbe!» - CBH.LleTeJIbCTByer 0 TOR 6ype 4YBCTB, KOTOpblMH
OXBa4CIla TaTbHHa.
Oc06ellHo rJIy60Ko H CHJIbHO paCKpbIBaeTcH ee COCTOHIIHe
B 3aKJII04liTeJIbHOH ClleHe. STO nettaJIbHaH HCnOBe,lJ,b 0 )1100-
BH H HeB03 10>K HOCTH cttaCTbH, 60pboa Me}K.!!y qYBCTBOl\1 Ii
J.1.0JIrOM, rO,pbl{He CO.)KaJ]enHJI Ii YKO.pbl (<<OHerHH., H TOr;ta
.7'

M0J10>Ke, SI J1YtlWe, K3>KeTCH, ObJ.rla...») , r,lte H3YIHTe.rJbIIO
CJJJfTbl CrpOKH nYIIIKHHa H MY3bIl<a t..IaHKoBcKoro.
,aJlSl npOCJIYlIIHBaHHH Hallo BbIOpaTb OCHOBUbIe KapTHHbI,
apHH, JtY3TbI, r.n.e naHOOJIee rrOJlHO paCKpblB810rCH MY3bI-
KaJ1bHbIe OOpa3bI-XapaKTepbl. 3n3K01\1S1 yqalll.HXCH C onepofl,
CJleJl.yeT 06paTHTb BHHl\faHHe H8 TO, qrO qaHKoBcKHH H,e
Bcer.n.a c.ne.nOBaJI 3a TIYlIlKHHbIM: B onepe HeT JIHpHqeCKMX
oTcTynJleHHH, lIer 8BTOpCKHX «KOl\of:'rleHTapHeB», KOTopbIe
npHJt8B8JIH npOH3Be,neHHIO HpOIIHqeCKHH TOB. B neHTpe one-
pw O,!{HH MOTHB - JIHqIl3S1 .n.paM8 repoeB, KOTopaH H npH-
u u
JlaeT JIHPHqecKHH rOIl, BceH orrepe.
,a1l1H 60Jlee r.ny6oKoro 03HaKOIJIe:HHH C onepOH n. 43ft:-
J<OBCKoro peKoIv1eH.n.yeM rrpOqHTaTb KHHrH H8 9TY Te1\IY 1.
MO>KHO T8K>Ke Hcrro.nb30B8Tb ctJHw'lbM-onepy «EBreHHH
OHerHH», r.n.e y.naqHO coe.nHII,eHbl MY3bIKa 4aHKOBCKoro,
OCHOB8IIH8H Ha nYIlIKHHCKOM TeKcTe, Ii cneUJut>HKa KHHefa-
rorpactJa. CoxpaHeH nOw'1HOCTblO BeCb CIO>Kcr onepbl, 8 Ha.
rypHble C'beMKH B ctJHJIbMe CJl.e.n3JIH oncpy l\1eH,ee YC.'lOBIIOH.
B a8KJIIOqenne YllHTeJIb nO.ll 1 1epKHBaeT, qro TBOpqeCTBO
nYWKHHa .naJIO oor8TeHlIlHH MaTepHaJl ,lI.J1H PYCCKHX XY,lI.O>K-
JlHKOB. HH O,lI.HH H3 npe.aCTaBHTeJIeH OTeqeCrBeHHOH .nHrepa..
TypbI He nOJIyqHJI TaKoro WHpOKoro orpa}l<eHHH B HCKYCCTBe,
K3K Be.nHQ8HWHA H3 ee n03TOB. MHp nYWKHH8 orpa3H..TJCSI
B OOJIblIIHX H HpKHX npoH3Be.neHHHX cafbIX pa3JIHqHbIX maH-
pOB H BH,lI.OB HCKYCCTBa.
I B. 51 p Y C T 0 B C K H fl. OnepHaH .n.paMaTyprHB qaflKoBCKoro. M..
1\tY3rH3. 1947.
BJI. n pOT 0 non 0 B Ii I I. T Y M a H H H a. OnepHoe TBOpQeCTJ30
4ailKOBCKoro. M., AH CCCP, 1957.

M.IO.JIEPMOHTOB
M. 10. JIepMOH.TOB MHOrOrpaHHOCTblO CBOerO TaJlaHTa
HanOMHHaJl A. C. nYWKHlla. B HeM COqeTaJlCSI )lap n09Ta,
MY3b1KaHTa H xy,aO)KHHKa. H B Ka>K.lI.OH H3 3THX OOJlaCTeH
OH npOHBHJI He3aypSl.ll.HbIe cnOCOOHOCTH.
Ha,lI.o paCCKa3aTb YtlalllHMCH, qTO JIepMoHTOB XOpOlIIO
neJI, HrpaJ1 Ha q,opTenHaHO, CKpHnKe, 4>JleHTe. O'H ObIJI nep-
BbIM KOMn03HTopOM, COllHH.HBlllHM MeJIo,nHIO K CBoeMY CTH-
XOTBopeHHIO «Ka3a tlbSi KOJIbI6eJILHaSi neCHH», HOTbl KOTOpOH
HCtIe3.'1H H He HaHlteHbI ,lI.O CHX nop. nO!l BJ1HHHHeM H3nCCT-
Horo B TO npeMH rHTapHCTa M. BblCOUKoro n09T C03!1.aJl
CTHXOTBopeHHe «3BYKH», r)le n09THlIeCKHMH Cpe.llCTBaMH pac-
KpblBa.n TaHHW MY3bIKaJIbIIbIX 3BYKOB. Cpe,nH pYKonHceH
JIepMoHTOBa coxpaHHJ1CH orpblBOK JIHOpeTTO onepbl «l.{blra-
He» Ha TeKcr n03MbI flYWKHHa. C lleTCTBa OH 3HaJI PYCCKHe
HapOltHble KOJIbl6eJlbHble, nJlHCOBble, XOpOBO.IJ.Hble, CBaJleO-
HbIe, COJI!laTCKHe, HMIUHUKHe neCHH, H 3TH 3HaHHH MY3bl-
KaJIbHO-n03THlleCKOrO OJ1bKJIOpa n03e BOnJIOTHJI B CBOHX
npOH3Be!leHHHX (<<OeCHH npo Kynua KaJIaWHHKOBa», «\UbI-
pH», «report HallJerO BpeMeIlH», «BOPO,lI.HIlO» H D.p.).
4-ii KJlacc. 3HaKOICTBO yqaI.ll.HXCH qeTBepToro KJIaCCa
C n033HeH JIepMoHTOBa HatJHHaeTCH npOH3BelteHHeM «Bopo..
,nHHO». YtIHTeJIb OCTaHaBJlHBaeTCH lIa OCHOBlIblX 3Tanax >KH3-
IIH n09Ta, BBOltHT illKOJlbHHKOB B aTMocepy Toro BpeMeHH,
u u
nO)ltJepKHBaeT 3H,atJHMOCTb JlepMOHTOBCKOH n093HH ,nJISI BceH
PYCCKOH KYJ1bTypbl.
B npouecce 6eCeltbi MO>KHO nOKa3aTb aBTonoprper nHca-
TeJlH HJlH noprpeTbI paoorbi n. 3aOOJIOTCKoro. Ha O,!lHOM H3
IIHX JIepMoHTOB H306pameH B rycapcKoM MYHltHpe, Ha .l1Py"
rOM - B illTarCKOM KOCTIOMe. XopOWO npOtJHTaTb OTpblBOK
H3 «JIHTepaTYPHbIX BocnOMHH8HHH» 11. naHaeBa: «HapY>K-
IJOCTb JIepMolITona 6blJIa OtleHb aaMeqaTeJIbHa. OH 6b1J1
HeOOJIblllorO pOCTa, nJIOTHOrO CJlO>KeHHB, HMeJl OOJlbWYIO ro-
JIOBY, KpynHbIe tJepTbl nHua, WHpOKHH H 60JIblllOH Jlo6, rny-
76

60KHe, YMHble H npOH3HTeJIbHble qepHble rJIa3a, HeBOJIb-
HO npHBO.lJ.HBIIIHe B cNIyweHHe Toro, lIa Koro OH .n.oJlro
CMOTpeJI» 1.
PeKOMeH,QyeM nOKa3aTb pe6HTaM nopTpeTbI JIepMoHTOBa
D paHHeM neTCTBe pa60TbI neH3BeCTHblX XY.lI-OiKHHKOB, nopT-
peTbi ero p0,QHTeJIeD, oaOYlliKH E. ApceHbeBOH - BocnHTa-
TeJIbHHUbi 6ynyrnero n03Ta. LleTCKHe ronbl JIepMoHTOBa npo-
LlIJIH B ceJIe TapxaHax, r,Lte ll.apHJIa 06craHOBKa THnHlIHoro
KpenOCTH.oro 6bITa. ECTb penpOJI.YKUHH C KapTHHbI H. rap...rt-
Hepa «TapxaHbI. 06mHH BH)]: ycaJ{bObl», _1HTorpacl>HH «Tap-
XaHbl. BH.ll ,nOMa H JtOMOBOH uepKBH», rpaBlOpbI XIX B.
«nOCH.lI.eJIKH», «PacnpaBa B ,neBMlIbeH», KOTopble LlonOllHHT
paCCKa3 YQHTeJlH 0 >KH3HH ,nepeBeHcKHx nOMeI.I.lHKOB TOH
nopbl.
C l1eTCKHX JIeT OY.lI.YlI1HH n03T CJIblIllaJI 0 HeypO>KaHX,
peKpYTQHIIe, 0 TH}Ke.,10H Aone KpenOCTHbIX KpecTbSIH. Y Ta p-
xaHOBCKHX Kpe'cTbSlH OH yqHJICH PYCCKOH H.apo.!!HoH pCIIH,
CJIbIlIIaJI nOCHH H npe.aaHHSI 06 I1BaHe rp03HO:\/1, Pa3HIIe,
nyratJeBe, paCCKa3bl «Dpo .!I.eIlb 50pollHHa», 06 OTelleCTBeH-
HOD BOHHe 1812 r.
B I1eH3eHcKoH, CHM6HPCKOH, HH>KeropO.ll-CKOH ryoep-
HHHX BcnbIXHBanH KpeCTbHHCKHe BO.,TfHeHHSI. npHllIJIa BeCTb
H B Tapxallbl 0 BOCCTaI-lHH 14 JteKa6pH B neTep6ypre Ha
CeH3TcKoH nJIoru3;!{H. ,QBa 6paTa oa6YllIKH J:{l'rIHTpHH Ii Ap-
KallHH CTOJIblnHHbl ObIoilH llPY}KHbI C PYKoBO,ilHTeJISIMH 3aro-
Bopa (B tJaCTIIOCTH C n. TIecTeJIeM) H pa3eJIH.,'1H H.!J.eH
JteKaopHcToB. JIepMoHToBY Tor.lI.a 6blJJO O!1HHH.a.lI.uaTb neT,
nO-HaCTOHeMY OH OueHHJI 3TH Co6blTHSI n03}Ke, 110 H Tor.aa
eMY 6bInH xopowo 3HaKOMbi Hf\.feHa n. neCTeJJSI, K. PbIJIe-
eBa, B. KIOXeJIbOeKepa, A. rpHooe.rr.OBa.
)KeJIaTe.,TfbHO nOKa3aTb aKDapeJlb K. KOJIbMaUa (1830-e
rOJtbI), «BoccTaHHe .lI.eKa6pHCTOB Ha CellaTcKoii nJIorua,LlH
B neTepoypre 14 JteKa6pSI 1825 rOll.a».
Ea6ywKa TPH}K.!J.bl B03}f.,1Ja M3JIeHbKOro JIepMoIIToB3 lIa
KaBKa3CKHe BO.ll-bl, TaK KaK OH 6bIJI cJIao 3.!!opOBbe),-1.
3TH naJIeKHe noe3LlKH Ha "TJO'lIa.ll-SIx tJepe3 BCIO POCCIUO,
BeJIHQeCTBeHHaSl npHpo)]:a KaBKa33, paecKa3bI 0 IIaoerax
lIepKeCOB Ha Ka3a1lbH cTaUHUbI, 0 oHTBax C ropuaMH, KaB-
Ka3CKHX nJIeHHHKax - Bce 9TO 060rall(3JJO n.eTCKoe Doo6-
pa>KeHHe 6YJtYIll.ero n09Ta H B KaKOH-TO Mepe onpe.ll-eJIHJIO
I H. H. n a H a e B. J1HTepaTypHbIe BocnOMHHaHHH, M., fOCJlHT-
H3AaT, 1950. CTp. 163
77

 ,
.t.. r--  . .,'V
.. ::- ::: ...  ..."::':' S .. ...r . 7,  YlJ1'
,(
, .--
,..
'4;.
f
f l:f
..
'l:.
,1-.
'"l
i'
tf';;, ; ,... > .. 
.-JfV'Z.  , t, .,
...1';:" '.
, ;.
.",
1 H::'
 "";:.,"
.....
.. ,.
...
,
'> ... .-"':<.
[1 ..",'
. .
........ .. '"
','
"4.1- ...
J.it''' 'J",'"
,.  :,-
.>I,' .'" (. :..,." , .
. .
.. 1 ..
. -.
"
i '.
t
ti'
" ...
.. ,.'r_
!t 'i
. 4J
-52  'he "   .::-, :".: 'i,::.'!o . 'h' . '. ,.:, .,':  i;:' ':.". ',.f ·
/ t:.::: r
I'wJ Or. .._- ,;'. "(;- ,r
:- ..............
 .
-. .. .... .. ,.. -. '. -i .../....
":'-
.. ..
<
...,.......'f'..
,' ..;, :;,i:'); ''''!ii  :" !{''wt,.."
"'"o....I::- ...: .
;.
....:;: "'"- '_''-Y' ..f'o\...._
(.",., '.
-.. -".....
;: -': .>l . -_.t'"
1£'"

"i .......,."....."S ....:t-... ..
..
..' ,....1.-: 'Po/!l
 :
I...,. "'-'r
4' """" : ili.. _
""..... ",p.  ;.-,I""r. 
. .'
..
-..
l\f\OCKonCKuil
CO,lI.ep>K3 HHe ero orpoqecKoif n033HH, P HCYlIKOB. L{eTCI{Ue
aKBape.1JH Jlepl\10IlTOBa: «Iv\. JI. ro,il, 1825. 13 HlOlIH 113 ropH"
qHX BOAax», «arpHA peBHHX BOHHOB» H 60nee n03Hlle
«BocHIIo-rpY3HHcK3H TJ.opora», «TU(p..1:IHC» HHTepeclIbI lIe
TOw1bKO cOJLep/KaHlIel\-l, 110 H 4>Opl\IOH - Merl{OCTbIO pHcyuKa,
COlJHOCrbIO KpacoK.
JIepl\IOIITOB YQH.J1C5I B DJ1arOpO.rI.IIONI naHCHOHe npH .i\1oc-
KOBCKOM YHHBcpCMTeTC. 1-13 CTeH 3Toro naIICHona DbIIlIJ1H
T3I\He nnCaTe.,1lf, KaI< ,Lt. <f)OHDH3Hll, B. )1(YKoBc}{Hll, I\.. rpu-
60e,LlOB. CpelIJI BocnHTall HHI{OB rra HCIIOH.a 6bI.ilO Hcf\1 a..10 6y-
JI.ymnx 1J.eKaUpncToB, D TO1 qnc.rIe 11. KaxoBcKHII.
B naHCHOHe pacl<pbIJIHCb pa3I-10CTOpOIllIue 11.apOBaHHH
n03Ta. B qaCbI CBOOO1I.Hble OT 3aII5ITIlH, all COneplllaJI ,.QJIlI-
TCJ1bHLIC II porYJIKH no lvlocKBe. B ropo,rrc elll.e BH]LH,bJ 6bloI1H
CJIe,.n.bl OTet.lecTBclIHOM BoflllbI. JI1060Bb K i\1ocKBe JIep1oH-
TOB npoHec QepC3 BCIO CBOIO He.n.OJ1rylO }KH311b. 3Ta Tel'"fa 3BY"
qHI B rr03le «CallIKa»
l\lOCKI33, N\UCKBa... .TIlo6.mo Te6H K3K CLUJ,
KaK PYCCKHH,- cn..lbHO, nnaMeHHO H ne>KHol
J1106'no CDHUleJlHbIfI 6neCK TBOHX CE\lI,HH,
11 STOT KpeMJIb ay6QaTblii. 6e3MHTe>h.HbIH...
H B CTlJ:\OTBopeHHHX «JI.Ba BenUKaHa», «50pO.rr.HHO».
fIpn qrCHHH CTHXOTBopeHIIH JIeplvIoHTOBa ll.fIH orpbIDKOB
H3 n03lVIbI peKoMeHllyeM nOKa3aTb YQaIlJJ1l'tICH BH,!I.bI CTapOH
78

... .
l'.
. '"t;!i?,fi'IZi:
1-
4. ,,"



,«
4
....
1
'".1!i
.. > . "" . '... ... . :. " .  '- -
Cr' W"".g. t f .- .  i ...
'1,. "". I:... ,\,
'".t '
t:.o:.
.j.
.t
'i"1t; ;". t
. .
-(
,,'
i' ·
r. .
11'
.$
t . . n
f .
, -
.;
".. '0:.
...... ...:.". .... .I .-;0...,.
. ,"
j..,. ..:r. ,.._:,. _.:....
, Ii

{
...... 'i.cf.' 1.-':. .

. <
. '
. :t."..:" 
. /:
"r ....; .:._-  
'. ,,' ... i 
"1
 '"
.f

'.
..
,
",-.".

.. ..' J. I
. -,
..}. ....
- ._;.... ...I.::: ,_/ _. /
J. l' --
.:
..i."-.. .
. t
.. '''.. ': '.'" ..("
)'. ..,"
:-;-(-:... .
'..'-
'. 7: ".'. '._ ... . ."..' .t.4 - t1>'  ':" :-;'':.
. -\', S.t r.} J
-.:--,:!.:\ p p
-;
4_ .  l".
"1 ..,. ,..
....-
j
KpeM..'1b.
l\'10CKBbl) penpOJIYKuHn C KapTllH Q). AJIeKCCeB3 (<<\ocKBa-
KpacHafl IIJIOma,Qb», «BH.lI. .t\locKoDKoro Kpel\1.nH n Kal\rlClle
Horo rVlocTa»), aI<Bape.'lb D. 3e1eHKoBa «\OcKoBcKnH YHH-
DepcHTeTCI{Hn I3JIarOpOJI.HhIfi naHC110H».
B YHHDcpcHTeTcJ{o1 lldH.CHOlle cymecTBOBaJI KYJ1bT .ne..
I{a6pnCToB, C03.lI.aBaTJnCb TaiiHble KPY>KKH, r.n.e llllTaJ1H «BOJIb..
HO.rr.Y{HbIe» CTHXH DywKHHa, K. PbIJIeeBa, CBOH coocTBeH"
HhIe npoH3BecllHH. Y>Ke paHHHe crnXH J1epl\tlOHTOBa CBH-
.u.eTe1JhCTllYlOT 0 era CTpel\fJIeIlMH K 6opb6e C THpaHHen
(<<0, 1I0JIH,O 113BHlIHTb pd3BpaT!»), B Hl1X B03HHKaeT o6pa3
n03Ta-rpam,!laHlilIa, n03Ta-npopoKa.
BOJIbIIO.Jllo6uBbIe H He3aBHCll1bIe lIaCTpOeHl1H yqaIHXCSl
}t\OCI{OUcI\oro 5..1JarOpOJI.HorO naHCHOHa lIe HpJBIlJIHCh u.ap-
CI<OlY npaBllTeollbcTBY. B 1830 r. I-IuKO.,laii I «BblCOqaHWHM
YKa30f» npeo6p 330BawTJ fIdHClIOII B rMMlla3HlO. .t\lO.lIOJIOH
Jlcp1'v10HTOB pClllHJI fO rOBHTbC5I B l\\OCKOBCKHH YHllBepcI1TeT.
B YHHBcpcHreTe OAIIOBpefeHHO c [lU'1 Y'IHJIHCb B. OeJIHH."
Cl{MH, A. repll.eH, Ii. rOullapoB. JIepf\'10HTOB 6.r11l3KO 3HaKOl\1
C Hlll'vlH He 6bIJI, HO OH >KHJI Tel\IH me MHTcpecaNIH, 06ID-aJICSI
C TOM >KC CTYlleU4eCKofi cpe,l1oi1. YqUTCJ1b 10}KeT 1l0Ka3aTb
YlJaIl.{H:\-lcH nopTpeTLl nepe.l10DbrX J110.!lCH POCCHH, l\IHOrlie U3
KOTOpLIX Ol>I.lIH llUTOl\lIJ.atlH Iv\ocKollcKoro YUHBepcHTera,
06'bHCHHB, 4TO 3TO 6bIJIll 33 .fJIO;I,H H KaK)'IO pOJIb OHM
Cbll paJIH B HCTOpHH PYCCKoro OCBOUO,AIlTeJ1bIlOrO ABU}KeHHH.
79

I-Ia npOTHmeJIHH pOMaH8 aBTOp BLlcTynaeT KaK COBpe-
MeHHHK OHerHHa. nYWKHH TO rOBOpHT «MbI» (061)e.l1HHSISI
CeOH H repOH) :
CTpaCTeH Hrpy MbI 3UaJ1H 06a,
TOMHJJa 1KH3Ub 0(50Hx nac...
H TYT >Ke:
51 6h1JI 03fl06.'1eH, OU yrplOM.
Oco6eHHOCTb TaKoro pOMaH8, r.ne aBTOp, paCCKa3bIB8H
OHorp8<t>HIO, BbIcTyn8eT KaK paCCKa311HK H yqaCTIIHK C06bl-
THH, OTKpbIJI eme B. De.11HHCKHH. OH I1HC8.11: «OHerHH» eCTb
caMoe 38.nymeBHoe npOH3Be.neHHe rIymKHHa, caMoe .11IOOH-
Moe AHTH ero <t>aHTa3IfH, H MomHO YKa38Tb CJIHIIIKOM Ha He-
MHorHe TBopeHHH, B KOTOpWX JIHqHOCTb n03Ta OTp83H.118Cb
ObI C TaKOH nOJIHOTOH, CneTJIO H HCHO, KaK OTpa3H.118Cb B
«OHerHl-le» JIHQHOCTb nYWKHHa. 3!I.eCb BCH >KH3Hb, BCH .nYllla,
nCfI JII060Bb ero, 3.lleCb ero qYBCTBa, nOHflTHH, H,lIe8J1bI. Oe-
HHTb TaKoe npOH3BeJI.eHHe, 3HaqHT - oueHHTb Ca1Y10rO n03T8
BO BceM OO'beMe ero TBOpqeCKOH .neHTeJILHOCTH» 1.
Oc060e MeCTO B pOMaHe 38HHM81OT JIHpHQeCKHe oTcTyn-
JIeIlHSI, B KOTOpbIX OYIIIKHH BbICKa3bIBaeT CBoe MHeHHe
o npe.nMeTe HCKYCCTBa, ero COJI.ep>KaH.HH H <popMe, 0 JIHQHO-
CTH XY.llO>KHHKa.
Ha .11HpH1JeCKHe oTcTynJleHHH yqHTeJIIO H8ll0 oopaTHTb
caMoe cepbe3110e BHHMaHHe. B03MO>KHO, OIlH Bbl30BYT eno-
phI B KJIaCCe, AHCKYCCHH, HO 3TO Bce nO10}KeT $OpMHpOB8-
u
HHID 3CTeTHQeCKHX B3r JlH,U.OB lllKO.11bHHKOB, npaBHJIbHOH
Ou.eHKe He TOJIbKO npOH3Be.lleHHH npOlIIJIOrO, HO B JlaJIbHeH-
rneM H COBpeMeHHoro HCI<YCCTBa.
AH8JIH3HPYfl pOM8H, CJIe.nyeT HCXO!I.HTb H3 OCHOBHblX cueH
npOH3BeJI.eHHH, qro peKOMeH.llyeTcfI B pa60Tax M. PbI6HHKO-
BOM 2, H. MOJIll8BCKOH 3, H. KY.llpHBueBa 4. 3TO MHellHe
u
OCH.OBaHO Ha onbITe, KOTOpbIH nO.llCK83bIBaeT, qTO IIIKOJIbHH-
KOB 60Jlbme Bcero HHTepecYIOT nOBe.u.eHHe H nocrynKH repoeB
B OCHOBHblX cueHax, OHH HmYT 061>HClIeHHH 3THM nocTynKaM,
sa.naloT BonpocbI H caMH nbIT8JOTCH OTBeTHTb.
I B. r. B e JJ H H C K H A. CoGp. CO'l. B 3-x TOM8X. T. 3, M., rHXn.
1948, CTp. 495.
2 «.rIHTepaTypa B WKo.ne», 1940, Hi 4.
8 TaM >K e, 1964, .1\9 2.
4 TaM >K e, 1966, N2 6,
68

C .lleMOHCTpaUHeH cl>HJJbfa «PYKOnHCH nYllIKHHa» MOm..
HO reCHO YBH3aTb nOKa3 PHCYHKOB n03T8, B OCHOBHOM, 8BTO"
nopTpeTOB. nYllIKHH pHCOBaJl rYCHHbIM nepOM HJIH TBep.llbIM
KapaH.llalliO.M H8 nOJIHX PYKonHceH. OH C03JI.aJI CBbIllJe nHTH"
JI.eCSlTH aBTonopTpeTOB H MHoro JlI06HTeJ1bCKHX 3apHCOBOK
CBOHX .llPY3eH H eJI.HHOMbIlliJIeHHHKOB (n. 4aa.l1aCBa, D. flec..
TeJISI, A. rOpQaKOB8 H JI.p.).
MHoro aBTonopTpeTOB H.a cTpaHHnax PYKonHcH pOMaHa
«EBreHHH OHerHH». Ha O.l1HOM H3 HHX OH H300pa3lfJI ceoH
YHbIJIbIM, JIbICbIM, cTapbIM. Ha no.,'1S1x 4-H H 5-H rJIaB B ero
H306pa>KeHHH QYBCTByeTcSI JIerKHH Ha.FJeT HaCMellIJIHBOCTH
H HpOHHH Hal1 caMHM COOOH. Ha nOJlHX III H IV CTp0<P 5-H
rJIaBbI pOMaHa nYWKHH H30opa3H.'1 ce6S1 BO neCb pOCT
B HeCKOJlbKO lIIap>KHpOBaHHOM BHJI.e.
Ho paCCMaTpHBaH aBTonopTpeT, KOTOpblH nYlllKHH Ha..
6pocaJI Ha QepIlOBHKe nHCbM8 K BeHKeHJlOPcIJY (18 c1JeBpaJIH
1832 r.): «OcMeJIHBaIOCb npocHTb 06 O.lI.IIOH MHJIOCTH: BnpeJIb
HMeTb npaBo C MeJIKHMH COqHHeHHSlMH CBOHMH orHOCHTbCH
K 06bIKHoBeHHoH neH3ype» 1, MO>KHO 3aMeTHTb KaKOH-TO OT"
neqaTOK YCTaJIOCTH, .name 6e3pa3JIHQHH, Her mYTJIHBOH HpO"
HHH Ha.ll caMHM C060H.
He MeHee HHTepecHa HCTOpHSI C03JI.aIlHSI HJIJlIOCTpau.HH
K POM8HY «EBreIlHH OHerHH.». nepBbIM HJIJIIOCTp8TOpOM 6blJI
caM nYllIKHH, KOTOpblH erne B 1824 r.t nOCblJIaSl 6paTY CBOH
Ha6pocoK (<<nYlIIKHH H OHerHH Ha Ha6epemHoH HeBbl»),
nHweT JIbBY CepreeBHqy: «...BOT Te6e KapTHHKa .llJISI «OHe..
rHHa» - HaA.lIH HCKYCHbIH H ObICTpblH KapaH.aaIll. ECJIH H
6Y.l1eT ,aPyraH, TaK QT06 Bce B TOM >Ke MeCTOnOJlO>KeHHH.
Ta >Ke cueHa, CJIbIIIIHllIb JIH? 3TO MHe HY>KHO HenpeMeHIIO» 2.
no Ha6poCKY OYIllKHHa ObIJIa C.lleol1aH8 HJlJIIOCTpaUHSI
XYJI.O>KHHKa A. HOT6eKa, nOSlBHB\llaSlCSI B «HeBCKOM 8.'1bMa-
H3xe» sa t 829 roJI.. A. HOT6eK cOKpaHHJI «l\ieCTonO.TJOiKeHHe»
(rpaHHT HaOepe>KHOH, CHJIY3T neTpOnaBJIOBCKOH KpenocTH),
HO HCKa3HJI CMbICJI nYUIKHHcKoro HaopocKa, qeM Bbl3BaJI
rHeB n03Ta.
I1JIJIIOCTpHpOBaJl npOH3Be.lleHHH nYIIlKHlIa yqeHHK
K. BplOJ1J10Ba rpHropHH rarapHH, C KOTOpbIM nOT HeO.!1HO-
KpaTHO BCTpeqaJICH. 3a MecSlU 110 CMepTH nYIlJI011J3 rara-
pHB. HanHCaJl ero nopTpeT. 3TO 6bIJI nOCJIeJI.HHH npHmH3HeH-
u
HbIH nopTp eT n03Ta.
I A. C. n y W K H H. nOJ1HOe cot5p. COq. B 10 TOM3X. T. 10. M.,
H3-BO AH CCCP, 1958. CTp. 408.
2 TaM >K e, CTp. 107.
69

Qepe3 JJ.Ba rO,lla JIepMolITOB ye3>Kaer B neTep6ypr H
nocTynaeT B llIKOJIY rnap!I.eHCKHX nO!I.npanOpmHKOB H KaBa..
nepHHCKHX IOHKepOB. B 1834 r. OH, 6bJ.TI npoH3Be.n.eI-l B O<l>H-
l.(epbI (ecTb ero nopTpeT B BoeHHOM fYH)Uipe) H Ha311allCH
B JIeH6-rBap.llHH rycapcKHH nOJIK, CTOHBllIHH B IJ.apcKoM
Cene (HbIHe r. nYllIKHH): Bce 9TO BpeMH OH npo!I.OJI}KaeT
nHcaTb n03THlIeCKHe, np03aHQeCKHe npoH3BeAeHHH (<<ac-
KapaJI.», «KHHrHHH JIHroBCKaH»).
B )I,eHb cMepTH DYllIKHH8 JIepMoHToB C03aeT O.l1HO H3
JIytllllHX CBOHX npoH3Be.n.eHHH «CMepTb n09T8»t 3a KOTopoe
6blJl COCJIaH Ha KaBKa3. B Mae 1837 r. ObIJIO onYOJIHKOBaHo
ero CTHxoTBopeHHe «BOPOJI.HHO».
nepeJI. TeM KaK 03HaKOMHTb C HHM YIJamHXCH, YllHTeJlb
KpaTKo paccKa3wB8eT 0 60pOHHCKOM cpaeHHH, nOK83-
BaeT nopTpeTbI npoc.naBJIellHbIX PYCCKHX nOJIKOBo.n.u.eB
M. KYTY30na, \. BapKJIaH-JI.e-ToJIJIH t n. B8rpaTHoHa, nopT-
per CPP8Hl.(Y3cKoro HMnepaTopa I-IanoJIeon8, rpaBlOpy X IX
nCKa, rJI.e H306paeH naMHTHHK H8 nOJIe BOpOJI.HHcKCJro
Cpa>KeIlHH t <t>oTonanopal\'IY .t\\OCKoBcKoro KpeMJIH.
3TOT paccKa3 XOpOillO CBH38Tb C C06b1THHMH BeJIHKOH
OTeqeCTBeHHoH BOHHbl 1941 r. 113BecTeH 3nH30Jl. 0 TOM, KaK
nepeJ1 H8qaJIOM JI.BYXMeCHQHOrO cpameHHH 3a MOCKBY B
fY3eH Ha BOpOJI.HHCKOM nOJIe npHexa.n KOMan,lJ.Hp O.n.HOH H3
,l(HBH3HH H HanHC8JI B KHHre noceu.{eHHH: «flpHeXaJIH Bopo-
JlHHCKOe nOJJe 3aw.HllJ,aTb» H npOu.HTHpOB8JI CTpOKH H3 CTH"
XOTBOpCHHH JIepMoHTOB8.
CTHXOTBopeHHe «BOPOJ1HHO» peKOMeH!I.yeM npocnymaTb
B rpaM3anHCH B HCnOJIHeI-tHH MaCTepOB xy.n.O>KeCTBeHI-Ioro
CI/T}OB8 t 3aTeM paccK83aTb 06 HCTOpHH ero C03.llaHHH. J1ep-
tOHTOB c JleTCKl1X neT CJIbIllIal.rJ paCCKa3bI ero P0JI.llbIX t Tap-
xaHonCKHX KpeCTbHII - YIJaCTHHKOB ooeB Ha BOpOJI.HHCKOM
nOJIe, 00 OTCqeCTBeHHOH BOHHe, BH,IleJI B 1819 roJl.Y P83-
pYllIeHHble II 06ropeBlliHe 3.lJ.aHHH, 0pY.llHH, oT6HTbIe Y <l>paH-
U.Y30B,- Bee 9TO nOCJIY}KHJIO HCTOIJHHKOM nepBbIX npe!l,CTaB-
JIeHHH n09Ta 00 OTeqeCTBeHHOH BOHHe 1812 r. MO>KHO nOKa-
3aTb PHCYHKH M. JIepMoHToBa H3 IOHKepcKoH TeTpaJlH
1832-1834 rr. «BOPOLlHHO», «CxBaTKa <ppaHuY3cKHX KHpa..
CHpOB C KOHHo-erepHMH».
OpOCJIywaB CTHxoTBopelIHe (B rpaM3anHcH HJIH npOQH-
1'aHHOe YIJHTeJIeM HaH3ycTb), YIJaIIJ.HeCH QHTaIOT ero no qac..
THM, BblHCHHlOr HenOHHTHble CJlOB8 H BblpameHHH t SaTe,.1
aHa.nH3HpYIOT npoH3Be.n.eHHe (xapaKTepHcTHKa cTaporo co..'!"
.llaTa, H.n.eHHbIH ClbIC.J] CTHxOTBopeHHH, ero xY.llO>KeCTBelllIble
80

oc06eHHOCTH), COCTaBJI5IIOT nJIaH )t..'1S1 caMOCTOSlTeJIbHOH pa-
60TbI Ha.ll npOH3BeJIeHHeM.
He B)1.aBa5lCb B no.n.P06Hb1H aHa.,1H3 CTHXOTBopeH11H, 06..
pamaeM BHHMaHHe Y1IHTeJIH Ha ero li.!I.eilHblH C1bICJI 11 cpop-
MY paCKpbITHH. 3TO >KHBOH, llenOCpecTBeHHblH paCCKa3
npOCToro COJIaTa 0 n06ee pYCCKoro HapO)1.a Ha BparOM.
B ero 06pa3e n03T paCKpWBaCT BenHKoe qYBCTBO naTpHO-
TH3Ma, CYW.HOCTb KOToporo Heo6xo.lUiMO OO'bSlCIIHTb yqa-
lllHMCH.
B TeKCTe >Ke CTHXOTBopeHHH yqeHHKH caMH HaH.llYT
CTPOqKH, paCKpblB31OllJ.He repOH31, BenHlJHC nyxa Bcero PYC-
CI<oro HapO.ll.a, rOTOBHOCTh 3arll.HLlJ,aTb CBoe OreqeCTBO. 06
3TOM cTapbIH COJl.llaT rOBopHT, 06'be.lI.HHHH nOJI. MecTollMeHH-
eM «Mbl» Bcex PYCCKHX COJIjI.aT, rOTOBbIX OT.l{aTb CBOIO >KH3Hb
3a pO,l1HHY:
Ym Mbl nOH.D.eM .'tOMHTb cTenolo,
Y>K nOCTOHM MbI rOJlOBOIO
3a PO)lHHY cnolO!
H YMepeTb MbI o6ema..,]H.
11 KJlHTBY BepHoCTH c.D.ep>Ka.!IH
MbI B BOpO.D.IIHCKHH 60H.
r,,1y6>Ke paCKpb[Tb CMbIcn CTHXOTBopeHHH nor.lorYT pe..
np0.ll.YKUHH C KapTHH It llIMap11HoBa «BOpO,l1HIICKHH 60ft»,
B. BepeIItarHH,a «KoHeu BOpO.aHHcKoro 0051». DOMHMO 3TO-
ro, HJIJIIOCTpaUHH M. 3HqH, B. 3a.,TJSI, A. KOH.l1.paTbeBa, PH-
CYUKH P. IKYKoBcKoro, TOHKO H MeTKO BocnpoH3Bo;x.HllJ.He
B rpa<pHKe JIepMOIIToBCKHH reKCT, .lla.aYT YlJaIItHMCH 3pHMoe
H KOHKpeTHoe npe;x.cTaBJIeHHe 06 yqaCTHJIKaX EOPOAH\lICKOrO
Cpa>KeHHSI.
npH nOABe.ll.eliHH HTorOD no H3yqelIHIO CTHxoTBopeHHH
«BOPO.llHHO» *enaTeJIbHO npoeMoHcTpHpoBaTb UBeTHoH
HJIbM O.llHOHr.leHHoro H33BaHHSI I( I qaCTb).
5-6 KJlaCCbI. B 5-M Kn3cce H3YQalOTCSI npoH3BeJ{eHHH
JIepMoHToBa «TIapyc» H «,aBa Be..'IHKaHa», B 6-1\'1 - CTHXO-
TBopeHHSI «TyqH», «Il pOllJ.aii, Hervl bITaSi POCCHH».
YqHTeJIb paccKa3blBaer 0 TOr.I , qTO «napyc» n03T nanH-
caJl B 1832 r. 3TO 6bIJI Ba>KHbIH 3Tan B >KH3HH JIepMoH,TO-
Ba - nepee3.!1 ero B neTep6ypr H nocTyn.neHHe B IllKony
rBap.l1eiicKHX non.npa.nOpI.I.tHI{OB. 3naKOMCTBO C DeTepoyp-
rOM, nOe3,ltKH Ha Mope, Ha <l>HHCKHH 3a..'1HB OK33blBaJlH CHJIb-
Hoe BJlHSlHHe Ha HaCTpoeHHe n03Ta. OH C03J{aeT npOH3Be-
!leHHe, B KoropOM Y.l1HBHTeJIbHO COqeTaeTCH rpYCTb, Tpenora,
oe3Hane>KHOCTb (I, II CTpObI) C >Kam.ll.OH OYPH Ii OOpbObl.
81

YqHTeJIb BbIpa3HTeJIbHO tIHTaeT CTHXOTBOpeHHe naH3YCTb,
3areM npOBO.J.HT 6eceJl.Y, B KOTOpOH paCKpbIBaer ero H2I.eHHOe
COJl-ep>KaHHe U xY.lI.OJKeCrBCIIlIbIe cpe,!J.CTBa (pa3Hoo6pa3He
3BYKOBOH ral\flbl, 3nHTeTbI H T. .n.).
MO}KIIO nOKa3aTb aKBapCJIb «napyc» caloro JIepMoH-
TOBa H PHCYIIOK 11. AHBa30BCKoro, conOCTaBHTb HX, OTMe-
THTb CXO!tCTBO H pa3J1HqHe Me)K,[lY HHl.iH.. XOpOllIO npOCJIY"
maTb H TaK>Ke conOCTaBHTb pOlaHCbl A. Bap.'laMOBa H
5. AcacjJbeBa (H3 ero JIepfOHTOBCKoro uHK.na).
- nO10raeT JIll l.fY3blKa JIYtIwe nOllHTb CTHxoTBopeHHc
JIepMoHTona?
- B KaKOM H3 pOl\faHCOn MY3bJKa rJIy6}J{e BbIpamaeT
HacTpoeHHe CTHxoTBopeHHH?
C nOIOlII.blO yqnTeJIH J1eTH onpc.n.eJ1SnOT, qTO MY3blKa
pOMaHca A. Bapw1aMoBa 6J1H)Ke K JIep:'iJOH,TOBCKOl\fY TCKCTY,
OHa BbIpa)KaeT rpYCTb, TpeBory H B TO me Bpel\tHI CTpaCT"
HOCTb, nopbIBHCTOCTb. B IY3bIKe D. AcacpbCBa xapaKTepHble
Jl-JIH JIepl'r10HTOBa HHTOHanHH IHTe)KIIOCTH, .!I.BH:>KeIIHH, OTpH"
uaHHH nOKOH lie HallIJ1H CBoero OTpa)KeHHfl. I(ol\fno3HTop
TpaKTyeT Bce CTHxoTBopeIl,He B c03epaTeJ1bIIO-JIHpnqeCKOIVI
JI.yxe. YqaIllHeCfl 3al\feqaIOT, 1.ITO J1a)Ke BwnycHo qeTDepo..
CTIHIIHe: «l1rpaloT BO.HlIbI, BeTep CBHIIeT...»
CTHxoTBopeHHe «,aBa BeJIHKaHa» IIanHcaHO B 1832 r.
B rO.llOBlII.HHY OTeqeCTBeHHoH BOHHbl 1812 r. YqeHHKH Bcno..
IHHaIOT 0 npOH3BeJI.eHHHX t nOCBHllleHHblX BOHHe (H. KPbI-
JIOB «BO'K Ha ncaplle», 1\1. JIepfoHTOD «50PO,lI.HHO», KapTH"
lIbl B. BepeIll.arHlIa, HJ1J1IOCTpau.HH 10. Illl\1apHlIoBa).
YlJHTeJ1b BbIpa3HTe.1JbHO .n.eK.'lal'rfHpyeT CTHxoTBopeHHe,
3areM npOB02I.l1T Kor.fleHTHpoBaIlHoe tjTeHHe H oece.ay uo
co.u.ep}KaIlHIO. n pH aHaJ1H3e CTHXOTBope.HHSI, HaCbllII.eUHOro
Hapo,nHblMH 060pOTaMH H CJIOBa1vIH, peKOl\1eH,a.yeM B KJ1aCCe
npOC.1JYlIIaTb HapOJl.HYIO neCIIIO «BOPO,lI.HlIO» (3 1\f1l1l.), 3anH..
caHUYIO Ha MarHHTOnw1eI-1Ke.
7-H KJlacc. 3.n.CCb TBOpqeCTDO 1\1. JIepMoHTona npe,acTao-
.,1eHO ,llBYIVUI npOH3Be;-7J.eIlHHlH «fIC:CIIS1 npo Kynua KaJIalllHH"
KOBa» H «MU.bJPH».
Bo BCTynHTeJ1bHOH oeceJl-e, npeJI.llIecTBYlomcH H3yqeHJllO
«llecHH npo Kynl..l.a KaJ1 aIllHHKOBa», Y1.IHTeJIb 03HaKO!vIHT
yqaIllHXCH C 9IIOXOH I1BaHa rp03Horo, paCCKa)KeT 0 6hJTe
PYCCKHX r'lIO.l1eH XVI BeKa, 0 KYJIatIHbIX OOS1X lla MOCKOB"
CK'JH PYCH, 0 ceMeHHblX OTHOllJCIIHHX. 4TOObI yqam H eCS1 KOH-
Kpe-rHee npe.llCTaBJ15I..rJH ce6e 9110XY, CJ1e.llyeT nOKa3aTb pen..
P0JI.YKUHIO C KapTHHbi 11. PenHHa «yIBan rp03HWH», npOQH"
82

TaTb OTpbIBKH H3 «HCrOpHH rocyJtapCTBa POCCHHCJ{OrO»
I-I. KapaM3HHa, XapaJ{TepH3YIOlU H e I1BaHa rp03HOrO 1 Hero
OKpY}KeJIHe. YtIUTeJIb MO}KeT BocnOJlb30BaTbCH «.llOl.10Crpo"
eM» CHJIbBeCTpa, 9Toro CBo,aa >KMTeHCKHX np.aDHJI XVI neK3,
paCCKa3b1BalOIIJ.erO 0 ceMeHHoM 6blTe H ceMeflI-IbIX OTHO"
weHHHX.
nOcJIe BBO,ll.HOH OeCe,lJ.bl Y 1 IHTCw1b BLlpa3HTJIbHO LJHTaeT
«fIecHIO», OT,lJ.CJIbHble 3JIH3011bl ee MorYT npo4HTaTb xopo-
mo nO.llrOTOBJIellllbIC ytICHHKH. l\\O}KHO nOKa3aTb CC;\-fHKJIac..
CHHKa1 H..TJJIIOCTpaQHH, KOTopble nOMorYT 111\1 3pH10
npe,lJ.CT3BHTb OOCT3HOBKY AnopUB, KYJIa4UbJe 60H, Qap51
HBaHa BaCHJIbenH 1 1a rp03Horo, Bcex OCTaJlLHLIX repOCB
n09lbI.
I1JIJIIOCTpHpOnaJlH «neCHIO» MHorHe XYJ10>KHHKH: B. Ko-
H.arneBHtI, H. EMJIH6HH, B. BaCHeQoB, B. CYPHKOB, 5. Kyc..
To,aHeB, coxpaHH.J1HCb 3CKH3HbiC Ha6pocKH 11. PenHIIa. I I a
Hall B3rJlH,lI., J1Y'-1we Bcero IIOI<(13aTb l1.fJJ110CTP3QHII B. I3ac-
HeUOBa, KOTOpblH TOHKO H HpKO 06pHCOBaJ1 He TOJ1bKO OKPY"
>KelIHe repoeH, l1X I3HCIllHHH 06JIHI{, HO H paCI{pblJl l1X llHYT"
peHHee COCTOHHHe. YqaIl{Hec5I, paCCMarpHBafl H.H,nIOCTpall.MH,
HaXOHT B TeKCTe CrpOIJKH, COOTBeTCTBYIOIIJJJe TOMY HJ1H
HHOl\IY H300paiKeHHIO.
XOp0lI10 YCBOHB CIO>KeT n09MbI, CCl\fHKJIaCCllI1KH nepe..
XOlI.SlT K anaJIH3Y npOH3Be,lI.eUH5I, YQHTeJIb npe)I..naraeT Bonpo-
CbI no BbHICHeHHIO H2I.eH «f1ecHU», ee KOfn03nQlfn, n03THtle..
CKoro H3bIKa H T. n. 4reHHe H pa300p rr03IILI 3aBeprnaeTCSI
BonpocaMH, CBSI3aIlHLI:MH C 6Horpacl>HtIeCKHM MaTepHaJIO1
o J1epMoHTOBe, co Bper\'IeHeM ee HanHcallHH.
«CaMbIH BbIOOp 3Toro rrpeJ{leTa,- nHCaol"l B. ECJIHH"
CKHH,- CBH,n.eTe.nbcTByeT 0 COC1;OHHHH ,ayxa n03Ta, He.1l.o"
Bo..'IbIlOrO COBpe1\-feIlIlOH lleHCTBHTe.'1bHOCTblO H nepelIecrnero"
C5I OT nec B ,lI.a.neKoe nporne.!J.wee, llT06 Ta M HCKaTb >KH3HH,
KOTOpOH OH He BH,lI,HT B HaCT05II.IJ.el'vl» 2. Yl.leCTHO npHBeCTH
H OT3bIB A. B. JIYlIaLJapCKOro 0 no.nHTHtlCCKOH H xYJlO>KeCT"
BeaIIOH u.eHHOCTH II03MW: 
«... cl>opl'vla «KyrrIa KaJ1 allIIIHKOBa» nOpa>KaeT CBoeM 3pe-
JIOCTblO. B CMbICJIe KJIaCCHlIeCKOH 3aKOHQeHHOCTH 3TO npo-
u
H3BeJ1eHHe CTOHT Ha paBHOH BbICOTe C JIYllIIIHMH TBopeHHHMH
I H. M. K a paM 3 H H. H30paHHbIe npOH3Be.n.eHHH. M., «.1J.eTcKas
JIHTeraTypa», 1966, CTp. 254.
B. r. B e JI H H C K H H. Co6p. Coq. 8 3-x TOMax. T. I, 1\\., [OCJIHT-
H3AaT. 1948, CTp. 667.
83

nYWKHHa. Ho pa3Be He lJYBCTByeTcH, 1ITO B Hel\l eCTb sapH;J.
rHraHTCKoro l\-IHTe}l{a?» [.
B KOHue a8HSlTHH peKOl'.feHJI.yeM B KJIaCCe npocJlywaTb
MY3b1KY COBeTCKoro KOln03HTopa A. XOJIMHHOBa Ha TeMY
«flecHH 0 Kynue KaJIaWHHKOBC». 3TO cBoe06pa3HaH MY3bI-
K8JIbHaH HJJJIIOCTpaUHH, yr JIy6JIHIOIIlaSi 3MOlIJiOHaJIbHOe BOC-
npHSITHe 06pa30B n03MbI. nO.lI. 8KKOMna'HeMeHT 3TOM MY3bIKH
B HCnOJIHeHHH rOCY8pCTBeHHoro opKeCTpa PYCCKHX Hapo-
HblX HHCTpYl\1eHTOB HM. M. OCHnOBa aKTep H. MOpttBHHO B
tIHTaeT TeKCT JIepMOHTonCKOH «neCHH».
C JlepMOHTOBCKHM TeKCTOM H MY3bIKOH A. XOJlMHUOB8
Y.lI.aQHO COQeT31OTCSI PHCYHKH Xy.aOmH,HKOB naJIexa: A. ,Lla..
,lI.bIKHHa, H. BaKypOB8, C03JJ.3BIlIHX H3YMHTeJIbHO TOHKHe no
KOJIOpHTY, H3HllJ,eCTBY pHCYHKa MHHHaTlOpbl Ha TeMY «neCHH
npo Kynu.a KaJIalllHHKOBa». PeKOl\-leu.ztyeM yqHTeJlIO BO Bile...
KJIac.CH,oe BpeMH 03H8KOMHTb YQ8rnHXCH C HCKYCCTBOM na-
JIexa 2.
ECTb onepa A. Py6HHllITeHHa «Kyneu KaJIalIIHHKOB».
Ho olla TpyttHa He TOJIbKO JJH H'CnOJJHeHHH HO H ,llJIH BOC-
npHHTHH. BCH n8pTHTypa onepbl - 3TO orpOMHoe, nOlJTH He
npepbIBalOll(eeCH BblcTynJIeHne 8H.C8M6JISI, COJIHCTOB xopa H
opKeCTpa. B nepBOM H nOCJIe,ZJ.HeM aKTax Xop BOOOw.e He
CXOJI.HT co cueHbl. ApHH (KaJIaUlHHKOBa KHpn6eeBHQa) TO"
>Ke OTJlHlJalOTCH 60JIblllOH CJIO>KIIOCTblO, qTO aaTpyttHHeT BOC-
npHHTHe.
38KJII01IHTeJIbHaSl 6eCeJI.8 YlIHTeJlSl no «neCHe» MomeT
cTaTb BCTynHTeJlbHOH 6eCettOH K «MUbIPH». rl03Ma «MU.blPH»
npOJI.OJImaeT H YTBepJK.naeT TY >Ke H.aelO: npaBO lJeJlOBeK8
Ha CBOOOtty H He3aBHCHl\fOCTb, KOTopble OH OTCTaHBaeT B 60pb..
6e, XOTSI H ca1 TparHlJCCKH norH6aeT B Hep8BHOH CXB8TKe.
YlIHTeJIb paCCK83bIBaeT 0 TOM, tITO B OCHOBY n03MbI no..1o"
>KeH peaJlbH.blH <paKT. MO}l{HO nOK838Tb penpOJI.YKnHIO 8KBa..
peJIH JIepMolITOBa «BoeHHo-rpY.3HHCKaH ltopora 6JIH3 MLlxe-
Ta» (<<KaBKa3CKHH BH.lI. C CaKJIeH»), r.ll.e npOH3011IJIa BepOSIT"
HO, BCTpella co CTapblM MOH8XOM, p8CCKa3aBlllHM JIepMOH"
TOBY TparHqeCKYIO HCTOpHIO CBoeH mH3HH. MeCTO 3TO HMeeT
npHMoe OTHOllleHHe H K «lUbIpH»: 0 pa3BaJIH1l8X MnxeTCKO"
ro cooopa rOBopHTCfI B n03Me.
1 A. B. JI Y H a q ape K H H. Co6p. CO'l. 8 8 TOM3X. T. I. M.. foc..
nHTH3D.3T, 1963, CTp. lOt.
2 M. H e K p 8 COB a. HCKYCCTDO naJIexa. M., «CoseTCKJ:fH xv.nO}K-
HUK:.. 196. CTp. 175.
84

n03T TIU3TeJIbHO H3YIJBJ1 Te MeCT3 K3BK33a, rJI.e npOHC-
XO.llHJIO .lleHCTBHe n03Mbl. 4T06bl Y4aw.HeCH KOHKpeTHO
npe.llCTaBHJIJf ce6e 3TY tecTHOcTb, 'IO>KHO HcnO..'Ib30BaTh
.llHan03HTHBbI, BOCC03J1aIOIl.{He BH.llbI KaBKa3a II PHCYHKH,
BbInOJIHeHHbIe caMHM JlepMOHTOBbIM, HanpHMep, nOKa3aTb
KapTHHY «KaBK33CKHH BH,lJ. C 3.11b6pYCOM», HanHC3HUYlO
MaCJIOM (1837 r.); «Pa3BaJlHHbt H3 6epery AparBbI B fPY-
3HH» (pHCYHOK Kap3H.ll31ll0M, 1837 r.).
Bhlpa3HTe.11bHO npollHTaB n03MY, YQHTe.1Ib npHcTynacT
K ee 3HaJIH3Y, B3pHaHTbI KOToporo eCTb B MeTO.ll.HqeCKOH JIll"
TepaType I.
«MUblpH» COCTOHT H3 26 HeOOJIblllHX r.'1aB H nOllTH u.e.,'1H-
I{OM npe.llCT3B.11HeT C060H MOHOJIOr repOH, qTO npH,n,aeT BCC-
1\IY npOH3Be,lJ.eHHJO JIHpHKO-pOMaHTHlIeCI<YIO OKpaCI<Y. B 3TOH
cTpacTHoA HCnOBe.llH repOH paCKpWBaeTCfl reMa 60Pb6w H
m3>K,lI.3 nO.!J,BHr3, YTBep>K,lI.eHHe cBo6o.lI.HOrO lIeJIOBeKa. fepoH
rH6HeT, HO H B nOCJIe.llHHe MHHYTbI CBoeH >KH3I1H OH rOBO"
.
pHT, liTO HaCT05lIl{eH >KH3HblO OH npO>KHJI TO.,1bKO TPH !I.HH,
Te, lITO npOBe.11 Ha BOJIe.
UeHTpa.11bHOe MeCTO B n03Me 3aHMMaeT MOH.OJIOr «MU.bl-
pH», npe.ll.CT3BJIHIOIIJ.HH C060H CKopee He HCnOBe!I.b, a npono..
Be.llb CB060.llbI, 60pb6bI 3a npaBO H3 BOJIJO, ClIaCTbe. 3TOT
MOHO.1IOr - orpHU3HHe aCKeTH31\f3, MOHaCTblpCKoro cymecT-
BOB3HHH.
lJT06bI r.11y6}1{e nOCTHlIb 06pa3 MUblpH, MomBO onHTb
BOCnOJIb30BaTbCH JlH3n03HTHB3MH. MU,bIpH MellT3eT 0 CB060-
Jle, 0 pO.lI.H'He. YQ3III.HeCH, nO){TBepm.llaH 3TY MblCJIb crpoq..
K3MH n03MbI, MorYT 03H3KOMHTbCH C KapTHH.OH M. naCTep-
H3Ka (Jl.Han03HTHB) «MUbIPH CMOTp1\T Ha BO.11IO»:
Ho, IIY>KJJ, pe6HtteCKHX YTex,
CHatlaJJa 6era.'1 OH OT Bcex,
Bpo..'IHJJ 6e3MOJIBeH, O.!l.HHOK,
CMOTpe.n, B3JlblxaH, H3 BOCTOK,
TOMHM HeHC'IJOIO TOCKoil,
no CTopone cBoeA pOJl.Hoif...
Ho BOT MU.hlpH H3 BOJ1e. OH HaeJ1HHe C npHpOJI.OH, cypO"
BOCTb H Be.11HllHe KOTOpOH CJIHBalOTCH C ero CYPOBOH H MY>Ke..
CTBeHHOH J1ywoA. 06 3TOM e!l,HHeHHH HaM rOBopHT MH,orHe
CTPOQKH n09MhI, HO yr.11YOHTb 3pHTeJIbHO 9TH MOMeHTbI nOfO-
I r. K. BOil a po B. n03MbI JIeptOIJTOBa B VII KJlacce. «J1HTepa-
Typa 8 WKOJIe:., 1964, Nil 3.
3. . P e 3. M. 10. JIepMoHTOB 8 UIKOJ1e, J1., Y1Jne.u.fH3, 1963.
85

rYT .nHarr03HTlIBbI «MU.bJpH Cpe.!I.H r.op» (<<KpyroM MeHH
UBeJI OO>Klifl ca,u.» , «Tor,Aa Ha 3eM,.'IIO n ynaJI...» Ii .D.p.).
YqeHHI{H, B1JHTLIBaHCb B n03:\-IY, yoe>KJI.aIOTCH, liTO H3bIK
u
ee B nOJ1HOH rapMOIU1H C COllep>KaHHeM, C xapaKTepOM re-
pOH. 5IpKOCTb l\-leTa<l>opHlIeCKHX oopa30B, C01JUOCTb H KpaCOrJ-
HOCTb npH onHcaHHH npHpOllbI, pa3BepHYTbIe cpaBHeIIHfl,
9MOI.{HOHa"TJbIlO OKpaWCHHbIe 3nHTeTbI - Bce 9TO npH.!I.aeT
JIUpHKO-3nHtleCKHH TOIl n03Me, paCKpl.1IBaeT ooraTWH BHYT-
peHHHH MHp MUbIpH. ¥IHTepeceH B 9TOM OTJlOllJelIHH SnH30.lI.
6HTBbi repon C GapeO!'\'I, nO..TIHOCTbIO OCHOBaHHbIH Ha MOTHBax
rpY3HHCKOH HapOi}.IIOH neClIH 0 THrpe Ii lOHowe, Tel\1a KOTO-
pOM HaIllJ1a OTpa>KeHHe H B n031\-le 1lI. PycraBeJIH «BHTn3b
B THrpOBOH llJKype».
B 9nH30l1.C 6HTBbl C oapCOl\1 H HHaJIe n03l\lbI HaH60.'Iee
nO.nHO paCKpblBaeTCS1 HJI,en n03MbI. Yr.ny6HTb npe.lJ.CTaBJIeHHe
lllKOJ1bHHKOB 0 repoe nOMO}KeT KapTHHa COBeTCKoro XY,AO}l{-
lIHKa Ii. TOH!l3e «DuTBa 1\.'\LI.blpH C 6a PCOM». C nOl'tIOIIJ.blO
YQHTe.fJfl ceMHKoJlaCCIlHKH OTleT5IT, liTO H. TOH.lJ.3e CYMe.TJ
nepe,rr.aTb He TO.llbKO l\IY>KeCTBo, npHCYTCTBHe .u.yxa i\\U.bIpH,
110 H pOl'tlaHTHtJCCKHH HaCTpOH, KOJIOpHT KaBKa3CKOH np"pO.!I.bI.
EC..'IH Y4HTeJIb lIC n8H.IlCT HY)KlIbIX HJIJIIOCTpaLlHH HJIH
JI.Hano3HTHBOB, r.tO>KIIO HcnO1b30BaTb H.TJJlIOCTpaLlHH K n03l\1e
xy,a,O>KHHKa B. 3a1!.lpaH.,TfO, KCHJ10rpacpHH (rpaBlOpbI Ha
JI.epene) <1>. KOHCTaHTHHODa, 1. OpJIoDa-.iv\oqaJIOBa.
Ha BneKJIaCCII.OM 3aJIHTHH MO>KIIO 03HaKOMHTb lllKOJlbHH-
KOB C CHMct>OHHtJeCKOH n03MOH KOl\1n03HTopa O. TaKT8KU-
IlIBHJIH «MUbIPH», npOHH3aHHOH pOl\laHTHIIeCKOH O.lJ.YXOTBO-
pCHHOCTblO. YBH3bIBaH n03TH 1 leCKOC npOH3De.lJ.eJIHe C rvtY3b[-
I{a'IbJIbIM, I1a,no paCCMaTpHB8Tb He TO..TfbKO oOHe TeMbI H
MeJIO.lI.HH, HO H TaKOH MY3bIKa.nbHbIH )KaHp, KaK Cnl\tcIJoHH-
qeCKaH n03Ma, BCnOl\.fHMTb, qTO TaKoe npOrpaIl\1I1aH l\fY3bl-
Ka. MY3bIKa CHi\-IOHHlIeCKOH n03l\'lbI O. TaKTaKHlllBHJIH Ha-
CTOJIbKO Bblpa3HTeJIbHa, qTO CeMHKJIaCCHHKH CYl\ICIOT caMH
oxa paKTepJ130BaTh, I{OHetlHO, B ooweM n..'IaHe, ee CO.lJ.epiKa-
HHe. OpHeHTHpOBOtJHble Bonpocw !I.oJ1H 6eCe.IlbI nOCJIe npOCJIY-
lliHBaH.HH:
1. IlonpaBHJIacb JIH Baf MY3blKa CHMcpoHHqeCKOH no-
3MbI?
2. KaKHe Tel\'IhI H oopa3bI n03Mbl J1epMoHToBa BOTIJIO-
IUeHbI B MY3bIKe O. TaKTaKHlllDHJIH?
3. YCH..r1HBaeT JIH 1t1Y3b1Ka BnetJaTJIeHHe OT JIepMOHTOB-
CKOM n03Mbl?
B CHMOHHqeCKOH n03Me «\UblpH» TPH BellYlllHX Terbl-
86

0t5pa3a: TeMa toHaCTbIpSl, ot5pa3 caloro MU.b1pH Ii TeM cno- ·
60.llbl, ynoeHHSl LKH3HbI0.
HatlHlIaeTCH n03l\fa Me.!l.JIeHHbIJ\.f DCTynJIeHHel\f (Andantc).
3TO TCMa MOlIaCTbIpn. CJIbIlliliTCH 3BOH u.epKOBHoro KO.TJOKO"
JIa - TO TaHHCTBeHHbliI, TO OT/I.a.TIeHHbIH, TO rp03HhlH.
BOOOpaJKCHHe neaO..'1bHO pHcyeT BblCOKHe KaMCIHHble cno..
JI.bl, rJIYXHe CTeHbI, CY!'v1pallHbIe KeJIbH, cropo.nellHble cpHry..
pbl MOHaXOB - 3TY «qY>K.l1YIO H BpaJK.lle6lIYlO cpe}1.Y». Ha
cpOHe 3TOll !'vIY3bIKaJIbHOH l\1eJlO)I.HH n03HHKaeT TeMa '\Ub[-
pH (COJIO r060H). MeJIOlUiH npepblBHCTa, tJaCTbIC naY3bl
C03.!I.aIOT BnetJaT..'1CHHe, liTO 3TO )I{aJIOOa-CTOH, >K3.TIOUa-3a"
KJIHHaH.lle, OtJeHb nella.'1bllaH H rpYCTHaH. CKB03L 3TOT !'vi 0"
TMB npopblBaeTCH uepKOBH3S1 MCJIOJI.HS1, C..'IOBHO THxoe neHl1e
f.l0IlaXOB, HanOl\1HHaJOUJ,ee 0 CypOBOl\1 OTpelleHHH OT l\fHpCKHX
paJlocTeii. fIOCTeneHHO TeMa l'v10HaCTbIp51 HaQlllI.aCT 3BYQaTb
AtOlll.HO H rp03HO, H eA BTOPHT. TaI{}Ke YCHJIHBlllHCb, Te1\1a
MUblpH.
H3 CTO.TJKHOneHHH 9THX .u.BYX 06pa30B BbIpaCTaeT OCIIOB-
HaH TeMa MULIPH - CTpeMHTeJIbHaH, nopbIBHCTaSl, npOTec-
TYlOllI.aH (AJlegro). repOH BbIpblBaeTCH H3 nJIeH8 Ha CBOOO-
.u.y, 011 B ynoeIIHH, CtJaCTJIHB, nOJIOII HaJI.e>K;J" CJIHBaeTCH C
npHpOJI.OH. 3BYQHT le.rro.n.HS1, KOTopaH Bee lIIHpHTcn H paa-
BHBaeTCH, B HeH OY.!I.TO C..'IbIlllU a H neCHH B ropax (cpJIeHTa
COJIO) , H >Kyp4aHbe pyqeHKa, H npe.llpaCCBeTHbIH rneJIeCT
JlHCTben Ha .lI.epeBbHX. OT <pJIeHTbl l\1eJIO.!I.HH nepexo,nHT K
CKpHnl<aM, aJIbTaM.
11 B]J.pyr, KaK H BO DCTynJIeHHH, BH,OBb B03HHKaeT J\.fpaq-
lILIH oopa3 MOlIaCTbIpH, 3BYllaT aHal\1ble Yllapbl uepKOBHO"
ro KOJlOKOJIa, 0 KOTOpbIH KaK ObI paaOUDaCTCH .J1HKYIOlll.aH
MenO.!I.HH BTOpOH TeMbl MUbIpli (Allcgro). n POXO;I.HT ..'IellT"
MOTHB MHTemHoro, npOTeCTYIOlI(ero i\\UbIpH, Ctl1HDaHCb C ero
nepBOH CKop6IIOH TeMOH.
nOOeLK,ZI.aIOT Mpa lIHble H TOpJKCCTBeHlIbIe aKKopJlbl BaJI"
TOpR - HacTynHJIa pa3BH3Ka Tpare)I.HH. n06cm.!I.eHHblH
MUblpH YMllpaeT.
8-A KJlacc. 3LleCb H3Y4aeTCH 6110rpa<}JHH n09T3, 3Ha l 1H"
TeJIbIlaSl qaCTb JIHpHKH H pOiaH «repOH Halllero BpeMeIIH».
YMeCTHO HanOMIIHTb, tJTO JIep10HTOB 6bIJI Ilcn..'10XHM
>KHBonnCuel'rf, ero xY.!10>KeCTBeH.Hoe naCJIC.!1He COCTaB..'15IlOT
TpHHaJUI.aTb KapTHH (l'rlaCJIOI), OKO..'10 CTa aKBape.neH, PH-
CYHKOB TYlllblO, KapaH!J:alllOM, nepOM. n03T 6bIJI 3HaK01\-1 11
C JIHTOrpacIJHeii. B coopaHHH rOCY.llapCTBeHHoro PyecKoro
AtY3eH (r. JIeHHHrpaJI.) xpaHHTCH JIliTOrpacpHSI c nOJlnuCblO
87

«PUC. 1. JIepMoHTOBa... J1 HTOrpa<pHH C pHCYHKa JIepMOH"
TOBa, HM paC'KparneIlIlaH».
MHOrHe XY.lI.O>KHHKH XIX B. C03t\aBaJIH HJIJIIOCTpaUHH
K npOH3Be.neHHHM n03Ta. JIeploJlTOBCKYIO n033HlO HJIJIIOCT"
pHpOBaJIH H. AHBa30BCKHH, B. BaCHeu.OB, B. CypHKOB,
B. CepOB, H. PenHH, K. KOPOBtiH, B. MaKOBCKHH, B. no..
JIeHOB, .K. CaBHl.lKHH, 11. IIIHIll KHII, JI. IlacTepH3K, M. Bpy-
6eJIb, 11. DHJIHOHH, conerCKHe XYJ!O>KHHKH B. KOHallIeBHqt
,lJ.. lllMapHHoB, K. neTpOB-BoJlKHH, 11. fJIa3yuoB.
MY3blKY lIa JIepl'tIOHTOBcKHe TeKCTbI nHCaJIH KOMrr03HTO-
phI A. AJIHObeB, A. Bap.'12l'tIOB, A. fYPHJIeB, M. r JIHHKa,
H. PHMCKHH-KopcaKOB, n. 4aHKOBCKHH, A. ApeH,CKHH,
A. llaprO:\'IW>KCKHH, '\. 5aJlaKHpeB, C. T2HeeB, C. P aXMa-
HHHOB, A. Py6HHlllTeHH, COBeTCKHe I{OMn03HTopbI B. Aca-
<l>beB, M. HnnoJIHToB-I1BaHoB, H. MHCKOBCKHH, C. npo-
Ko<l>beB, A. CneHJ!HapOB, A. XO.'1MHHOB, 10. 5HpIOKOB,
K. TYJIHKOB, A. AJIeKCaH,llpOB, ,lJ.. TOJICTOH, A. XaqaTYPHH,
O. T2KT2KHlllBHJIH.
C03,aaHbI CKYJIbnTypHbie H306pa>KeH,HH JIepMoHTOBa:
rraMHTHHK B OHTHfopCKe (1889 f., CKYJIbnTOp A. OneKY-
WI1H); n2MHTIlHK JIepMoHTOBY B JIellHHrpan.e (1898 f.,
cKY"TJbnTOp B. KpeHTaIl) ; 610CT JIepMoHTOBa (1900 f.,
CKY.'1bnTOp A. fOJIy6KHHa); naMHTHHK B MocKBe (CKYJlbn-
TOp 11. BpOJI.CKHH). 113BecTH,a cepHfl nopTpeTOB JIepMoHTO-
B2, H8qHH2H C tI.eTCKOfO, H2nHcaHHoro KpenOCTHbIM MaCTe"
pOM, H KOHqaH rpanlopOH Ha ,lJ,epeBe COBeTCKoro XYJI.O}KHHKa
B. cl>2BOpCKOfO. nepBble nopTpeTbl C03JI.aHbI xy,aO>KHHKaMH-
COBpeMeHH.HK3MH n03Ta - JI. 5YJ!KHHbll\f, ,a. naJIeHblM,
K. fOPOYHOBbIM. B HeOOJIblllOM 3TIO.Qe MaCJIOM XYJI.O}KHHK
A. llIBe.l1e H306pa3H.n n03Ta Ha CfepTHOf o):{pe.
B 8-M KJIaCCe paCCKa3 yqHTeJIH 0 }KH3HH JIepMoHTOBa
!lO,,'1}KeH n.aTb nO.,TJHOe npeJI.CT2BJIeHHe YIJall(HMCH 0 BeJIIIKOM
PYCCKOM n03Te. f JI2BH2H ue..'Ib, KOTOpylO yqHTeJIb nOCTa..
BHT,- nOK23aTb lllKOJIbH.HK8M OpMHpOB2HHe JIepMoHTOBa
KaK n03Ta, qe.HoneKa H rpa>KJ{aHHHa. HaH6o.,"1ee nOJIHO pe-
KO?vleIln.yeM npetI.CTaBHTb TOT nepHOJI. >KH3HH JIepMoHTOBa,
KOTOpblH OblJI CBH32H C rO):{2MH efO npCOblBaHHH B BJIaro-
pO,llHOM n2HCHOHe, 3aTeM B YHHBepcHTere. aTO ObIJIH rO...'bI,
KOfll.a OpMHpOB2JIHCb ero OOllI.eCTBeHHble HHTepecbI, OH
H8 tJullaJI nHC2Tb CTHXH.
HeOOXO.ll.HMO OCT2HOBHTbCH H2 rOJI.ax yqeobJ J1epMoHTo-
B3 B BoeHHoH llIKOJIe, r.n.e n03T OCTpO qYBCTBOB2J1 CBoe 01I.H-
HOIlCCTno cpe.l1.H .rllo.ll.eA, JI HllleHHblX .!I.YXOBHblX HlITe peCOB.
88

BOJIblliOe BH.HM3I1He YtJHTe.nb lI.OJJ>KCH YJ1eJIHTb Bonpocy
o TO l\'1 , KaKYIO pOJIb Cblrpa..'1H l.I.apCKOe IIpaBHTeJIbCTBO H ,llBO"
pHHCKaSi 3HaTb B TparHtJeCKOH rH6e",1JH n03Ta. B TaKOM npH"
OJJH3HTeJJbllO nJIalie lI.OJI>KHbI OCBeIl{aTbCH H 1tpyrHe nepHObl
>KH3HM JIepMoHTOBa.
npH H3JIO>KeHHH 6HOrpacpHQeCKOrO MaTepHaJIa YlIHTe.nb
qHTaeT llIKOJIbHHKaM HeKOTOpble npOH3Be.lI.eHHH n03Ta
(<<npOlUail, HeMblTaSI POCCHH»), HJlJllocTpHpyeT OT.rI.e.nbHble
nepHO.llbI ero >KH3HH lIarJIHJUIbIMH noc06HH;\tIH. HanpHMep,
l'rfO>KHO nOKa3aTb JIeCKOJIbKO nopTpeTOB nO.3Ta, <pOTO CKYJJbn..
TYPHblX H306pa}KeHHU, 0 KOTOpbIX YiKe rOBopH..TJOCb. XapaK"
TepH3YH nOCJIe.lI.HHe rO.l1bI >KH3HH n031a, peKOMeHJlyel\f
paCCMOTpeTb ero lIopTpeT, C.lI.eJlaHllbIH XY.lI.O>KHHKOM K. fop-
6YHOBbIM B 1841 r. K. rOp6YHOB HaQaJI pa60T3Tb Hall. nopT"
peTOM B nOCJle,lUIHH npHe3)t JIepMoHTOBa B OeTep6ypr, a
Kor.lla npHlliJJa BeCTb 0 rH6eJIH n03Ta, XYlI.OiKIIHK 3aKOHqHJI
IJO naMHTH He.llaBHO UaqaTbTH nopTpeT. MO>KHO npOqHTaTb
OHHcaHHe HapY>KIIOCTH JIepMoHTOBa, .n.aHHoe H. TypreHe..
BbIM, KOTOpblH BH,lI.e"" ero .lI.BajKJ1.bI:
«B HapY>KHOCTH JIepMoHToaa 6bI..TJO qTO-TO 3JIOBelIee H
TparHtleCKOe; KaKOU-TO CYMpaqaOH H He)106pOH CUJIOH, 3a..
G
.lI.YMqHBOH npe3pHTeJIbHOCTblO H CTpaCTblO BCHJIO OT ero
cMyr..'10ro J1Hua, OT ero 60J1blllHX H Heno.n.BH>KHO TeMIIbIX
rJIa3. I1x TH>KeJlbIH B30p CTpaHHO He cor JIaCOBaJlCH C BbTpa-
>KeHHeM nOqTH .n.eTCKH He>KHbIX H BbI.lI.aBaBllIHXCH ry6...» I
CaOH paCCKa3 yqHTeJIb MO>KeT HJIJJIOCTpHpOBaTb nopT"
peTaMH COBpeMeHHHKOB, .l1pY3eH JIetOHTOBa, JIHTOrpa4>HHMJI
C BH.l1aMH MOCKBbl, IleTep6ypra, aKBapeJIHMH «,lJ.OM JIaBaJIH
Ha AHrJlHHCKOH Ha6epe}KHOH», f.lI.e npOH301IIJla ccopa JIep..
MOHTOBa c .l1e BapaHTOM, «OcpHuepCKaH raynTBaxTa B ne..
Tep6ypre». K penpO.llYKl.I.HH C KapTHHbI B. BHprepa «CBHAa..
HHe JIepMoIlTOBa C BCJIHHCKHM B 0p.llOnaHcraY3e» XOpOlliO
npOtJHTaTb OTpbIBOK H3 «JIHTepaTypHbIX BocnOMHHaHHH»
H. naHaeBa.
KaBKa3CKHH nepHO.l1 >KH3HH H TBOpqeCTBa JIepMoIITOBa
MO>KHO HJlJIlOCTpHpOBaTb pHCYHKal\fH, lIa6poCT<aMH, aKBape-
JIHfH, I{apTHHaMH ca Moro n03Ta (<<3nH30,lI. I(aBKa3cKoH BOH-
UbI»t «rOpHwaH CTenb», «4epKec», «BH,lI. ,TIHTHropCKa»,
«KaBKa3CKHH BHJt. C 3011b6pYCOM>> H lI.p.). HHTepeCHbI J1HTO"
rpacpHH B. THJMa «OHTHropCK. Ba..TJKOIl llOMa, rlI.e >KMJI
I H. C. T y pre H e B. nOJIHOe co6p. COq. D 28 TOMax. T. 14.
M.- JI.. «I18YKa». 1967, CTp. 80.
89

JIepl'rfOHTOB B ] 841 r.», PHCYHOK n. BHcKoB3rona «nHTH-
ropcK. ,QOI Bep3HJIHHLIX, r)].e npOH30we..'1 BbI30B lIa lI.Y3.lIb».
PeKOMeJI.llyeM nOKa3aTb penpo,a.YI<llHH C KapTHH H. ,L{aH,H-
JIHHa «nepe,ll .llY3..'1bJO»; H. lllecTouHJIoBa «,aY3JIb JIepMolI-
Tona C l\'aprbIHoBbIM»; cpoTorpacpHH «OHTnropcK. BH.lJ. Ha
MeCTO )1Y3.nH C nepKa..'1bCKOH CI<a..'1bI»; «TIHTHropcK. MecTo
.lI.Y3.TJH c nCpBOHallaJlbIIbIM na!vfHTlIIIKOl\'I»; «Ce..'Io JlepMolITo-
BO (G. TpxaHbI), Ha'lrpo6HbIil naMHTH,HK 1\1. 10. J1epl\10H-
Tony».
MO}KHO nOKa3aTb cpoTorpacpHH naMHTIJblX ..'1epl'tfOHTOO-
CKHX MeCT D flHTl1rOpcl<e «fpOT Jlcpl'tfOHToBa», «l'\Y3eH"
AOMHK JIepMoHToBa», «KaoHHeT n09Ta. Ero nHcbleHHbIl'
CIOJI».
Becb npeLl.nO>KeHllbIH MaTepHa.'1 He HB,,'1HeTC5I 06H3areJIb-
HbIM AJISI HcnOJlb30BaHHSI ero Ha ypOKax. YqHTeJIb OToepeT
TO. qTO nocqHTaeT Heo6xoHl't1bIl\ft HCXO!{H H3 06CTOHTeJIbCTB.
Bo BHeKnaCCHoe BpeMH npenaraeM nOKa3aTb YQe6HWA
cpHJIbM «JIepl\fOHTOB H ero BpCI5I» (2 lIaCTH), KOTOpbIA
JI.0no.nH,JIT H 3pHTeJIbHO saKpenHT cTpaHHUbI >KH3HH H TBOP"
QeCTB8 BeJIHKOrO n03T8.
3naKoMcTBO c n033HeA JIepMoHToBa B 8 K.fJaCCe nalIH..
HaeTCH CTHXOTBopCHHeM «CMepTb n09T3». PaccKa3bIBa51 0
npHlIHHe C031I.aIlHSI CTHXOTBopeHHSI, YQHTeol1b HCnOJIb3yeT
aKBape.nb n. DOpeJIH «Bo3BpaweHHe nYlllKHHa C J\Y3JIH»,
rpaBlOpy «lloM, B KOTOpOM YMep nYlllKHH», OTpLIBOK 113
«J]HTepaTypHbIX BocnOMHHaHHH» 11. naHaCBa 0 B3pbIBC He..
ro,aOB2HHH H ropH no nOBO,lJ,Y TparHqeCKOH CMepTH TIYUIKJIHa.
BnepBbIe CTHXOTBopeHHe nOlI. na3BaHHeM «Ha CMepTb
nYUIKHHa» 6bJ.rJO naneqaTaHO TOollbKO B 1856 r. B «TIOol1HpHOA
3Be3,11e», KOTOpylO H3,lJ,3Ba..'1H B JIoH.QoH.e A. repu.eH H
H. OrapeB.
nepe.ll. TeM KaK aHa..'1H3HpOBaTb CTHxoTBopeHHe, pel{o-
)\fell.llyeM nOl<a33Tb yqaTII.HMCH <pOTorpa4>HIO lI.OMa Ha YJI. Ca..
AOBOM, 16, B neTep6ypre, r.rr.e JIepMoHToB >KHJI B 1837 r. H
HanHCaJl CTHXOTBopeHHe «CMepTb n03Ta:t. ECTb KapTHHa
COBeTCKoro XY.llO>KUHKa 10. HenpHHneBa, H300pa>KalOlllaH
JIepMoHToBa Y KBapTHpbl YMHpalOllI.erO nYWKHlla.
ParCKa3blBaSl 0 CCbI.HKe JIepMOII.TOna Ha KaBK33 n .lI.CHCT"
BYlOllI.YIO apMHIO, pCKoHH;xyeM yqHTeJIIO nOKa3aTb cpOTO
06J10iKKH ,lI.e.lIa H3 3 pXltBa I I I OT .!le.1JeHHH 0 CTHxoTBopeHHH
JIepMolIToBa «C1epTb n03Ta»; ero PHCYHOK «B ,lI.opore»;
8KBapenbHblH nopTpeT JIepMoHToBa pa60Tbi C. PaeBcKoro--
.npyra D03Ta.
90

CTHXOTBopeHHe «CMepTb n03Ta» >Ke.n8TeJlbHO npoc.ny-
waTb B rpaM3anHCH B HcnO.1JHeHHH MaCTepOB xy.nO>KCCTBeH-
Horo CJIOBa. YqCHHKH He TOJlbKO nOqYBCTBYIOT MY3bll<Y CTHxa
JICpMoHTOBa, YCJlblllIal' CTpaCTHblH npH3blB nO.9Ta-oo.;rIHqH"
TeJlH HHKo.naeBCKOH 9nOXH, HO H rJIY0}l{e npeCTaBHT ceoe
TparHtiecKYIO cY!Ib6y !IBYX Be..TJHKHX J103TOD POCCHH.
AHa.1H3 HAeHlloro CO,tl.ep>KaIIH51 CTHxoTBopeHHH «Cl\lepTb
n03Ta» onpeJI-eJlHT, tJTO Bce npOH3Be!IeHHe npoHH3aHo ,ltBy:vUI
rJ1yooKHMH QYBcTBal\1M - JIlO6oBbi0 K norH611IeIY n03TY H
HeH.aBHCTblO K ero YOHHQaM.
- 'MO>KIIO ..'1M 3TH CTO.,'Ib npOTHBOnOJIC}}I{HWe qYBCTBa
Bblpa3HTb O,lI.IIHM H TeM me CTHJIeAf H3bu<a?
- HeT, HeJIb3H.
11 JlaJIee c nO:'tIOlll.bIO yqHTeJlH BOCbl\IHK.1JaCCHHKH, H3YQaH
TeKCT, npH.!lYT K BbIBO.!lY, qTO B CTHXOTBOpCHHH !IDa CTHJle-
BblX HanpaBJIeHHH H3bIKa, OOYCJIOBJIHDaIOllI.He 4YBcTBa .11106-
BM H HeHaBHCTH. DAMH, nOCBflIIl.eITH.bUI TparHQeCKH norH6rne-
My n03TY, HOCHT BbICOKOTopiKeCTBCHHbIlI, naTCTHtIeCKHH xa..
paKTep. YtJaIUHeCH HaXOHT B TeKCTe COOTBeTCTBYlOl1..I.lle
BbIp a3HTew1bHbie cpe.n.CTI3a H3bIKa, KOTOpb[e onpelI.e.nHIOT ,ltaH-
HbIH CTHJlb (nOBTopeHHH, pMToplflleCKHe BonpOCbI, 3I1HTeTbl,
CpaBHeII.HH H T. JI..).
PaCClaTpHBaH Tel{CT ,naJIee, onpe)I.e.i'lHIOT, tJTO 3TH >Ke
BbIpa3HTeJlblIbIe Cpe.!lCTBa H3blKa (nOBTopelIHH, 3nHTeTbl,
MeTa4>opbl H T. A.) C03.llaIOT n.pyroH o6.nHQHTe.TJbHo-pe3KHII
CTH.,1b CTHXOTBOpeHHH «Cl\'IepTb n03Ta». YQeHHKH, xapaKTe-
PH3YH .llBa CTH.i'lH CTMxOTBopeHHH, YBH)l.HT, qTO O.llHII H Te >Ke
H300pa3HTeJlbHble cpe.rtcTBa H npHel\lLI H3bIK3 pacKpbIBalOT
pa3Hoe CO.llep>KaHHe.
B 8-1\1 KJIaCCC H3YQaeTCH H BTopoe CTHXOTBopeHHe «BbI-
xomy O,nHH H lIa ,nopory». 3TO CTHXOTBopcHHe OTJIHQaeTCH
KOHKpeTHocTblO 3pHTeJlbHbIX o6pa30B (!Iopora, TYMaH, 3Be3"
JI.bI, O,lJ.MHOKHH nYTHI1K), 061>e.!lI-ureIIIIblx OOIll.HM 3JIerHQeCKHM
HacTpoeHHeM repone Ka>K,lI.aH CTpOKa nOJIHa r.'1YOOKoro pa3-
JlYMbH 0 }l{H3HH H CMepTH, 0 Cl\fbICJIe ObITHH, QTO npH.llaeT
CTMXOTBopeHHIO B3BOJIHOBaHHo-npHnO.lI.IISITbIH Ton.
TaKoe me HacTpoeuMe 3ByqHT B 01I.HOHI\1eHHOl\f pOlaH-
ce COBeTCKoro KOMno3HTopa H. 51. }.'\HCKoBcKoro. Ero P)-
e u u u
1\faHC OTJIHQaeTCH cnoKoHHoH, 3a,nYI\J1IHBOH, qYTb rpYCTHOIt
leJlo.n.HeH, nOCTeneHHO nepexOJJ.51I1teH BO B3BOJI HOBa HHblil
tOHOJIOr-.l1eKJlallaLtI1]O' (<<)K.llY... )l(a.,TJelO JIH 0 qel\l?..»).
K CTMxoTBopeHHIO «BbIXO>KY O,llHH H Ha llopory» eCTb HJIJIIO-
cTpaUHH A. 51KI1l\I'-leIlKO, KOTOpbIH cY1\1e.TJ r.nYOOKo nepe,craTb
91

ropeCTHoe qYBCTBO O.llHHOQeCTB8, MYQHTeJIbHble pa3MbIWJle-
"liH n03Ta.
JIHpHtieCKHe npOH3Be.n.eHHH JIepMoHTOB8, nO.l1.06Ho nyw-
KHHCKHM, BOXHOBHJIH MHOrHX KOMn03HTOpOB Ha C03naHHe
MY3bIKallbHbIX npOH3Be.n.eHHH. OliH H3 nepBbIX C03)1.aBa.'1
pOMaHCW Ha OCHOBe HpHqeCKHX npOH3BeeHHH n03Ta
.4. ,lJ.a prOMbI}I{CKHH (<<11 CKyqHO, H rpycTHo» «MHe rpycl-
HO»). POM3HC «TyqKH Heoecnble, BeqHbIe CTpaHHHKH» HanH-
caH no.l1 BneqaTII'IeHHeM nOCJIe,LlHeH BCTpeqH C JIepMoHTOBbIM
y Ka paM3HHbIX, r.n.e panee nOCTOHHHbIM nOCeTHTeJIeM OblJl
.l1pyroH BeJIHKHH n03T A. nYllIKHH. MO}l{HO npOCJ1YllIaTb po..
l.faHC M. OaJIaKHpeBa «CoclIa» H.'IH Xop .lI.JI5I }I{eH,CKHX H lI.eT"
CKHX rOJIOCOB Ha 3TY JKe TeMY C. PaXMaHHHOBa, a TaK>Ke
nOKa3aTb penpOllYKUHIO KapTHHbl H. lIlHllIKHHa «Ha cenepe
lI.H KO:\-I...».
H3YlJellHe JIHpHKH JIepMoHTOBa XOPOIUO 3aKOH l IHTb CTH-
XOTBopeHHeM «,lJ.YM3», HanHcaHIlbIM O.ll.HOBpfeHHO r. pOMa-
HOM «repOH Harnero BpeMeHH». B 3THX npOH3Be,LleHHHX MHO-
ro 06IIJ.MX t.fblCJIeH H HaCTpOeHl-ni, H nepBblM 3TO OTMeTHJI
BeJIHHCKHH. IlpH aH3JIH3e CTHXOTBopeHHSI MO>KH,O HCIIOJlb-
30BaTb PHCYIIOK JI. n3CTepH3Ka «,lJ.YMa», KOTOpwA nepe..
KJ1HKaCTCH C co.rr.epmaHHeM CTHXOTBopeHHH.
OpH H3YQCHHH pOMaHa «fepo" Hallero BpeMeHH» peKO-
MeHJI.yeM nOKa3aTb YlIal.U.HMCSI KapaHlI.allIHble PHCYHKH caMO-
ro JIepMoHTona (<<TaMaIlb», «Bca.n.HHK H at.fa30HKa»).
AHaJlH3HpYH TeKCT, yqHTeJIb oopaIJJ.aeT BHHaHHe BOCb-
MHKaCCHHKOB Ha TO, qTO 3lI.eCb JIepMoHTOB OTXO,LlHT OT
IOHorneCKoro pOM3HTH31\fa, pO13I1THqeCKOH Hanp3BJIeHHOCTH
B H3bIKe npH onHcaHHH KapTHH npHpO.ll.bl, 06J1HKa repoeB
(<<,QeMOH», «Ml..lbIPH»).
TeMa pOM3Ha «repOH Harnero BpeMeHH» H3WJI8 ry60-
Koe OTpa}KeHHe B pa3JIHqHblX BHlI.aX HCKYCCTBa. HarrpHMep.
B onepax «03JIa» (r\'tY3. A. AJIeKCaIUlpOBa), «KHH>KHa MepH»
(B. ,QerTHpeBa) KOMno3HTopbl nOKa3blBalOT C..'10}KHYIO CMeHY
qYBCTB, HaCTpoeHHH Oe1l0pMHa H OCT8JIbHblX repoeB. CHM-
<pOHHQeCKHe KapTHHbI PHCYIOT 9nH30!Ibl OXOTbl, TaHueB, npH-
pOlI.y. OnepbI 3TH J1HpHKO-lI.paMaTHQeCKHe, B ueHTpe X-
TeM3 JIIOOBH. MO>KHO npOCJIywaTb .n.Be neCHH B3J1bl H3 O.ll.HO-
HPrfeHIIOH onepbI (<<,QaH KpbIJIbSi MHe», «lie" B30p CBeTJIee»).
C03BYQHbIX neceH,HO"Hap0JI.HbIM MeJlOJIHHM; HJIH apH030 ne-
qOpHHa (<<npaBO, SI Hall C060fO He BJIaCTen»). X3paITepIla
3PHSI Ka36H t la, rJI.e OII1YTHMbl Y!laJIb, OTB3 ra (<<MHoro Kpa-
CaBHlt B 8YJIaX y Hac») HJlH neCHSI MaKCHM8 MaKCHMbIIJa,
92

r)J.e neHTMOTliBOM 3BytlliT TeMa C0J18TCKOH neCHH «I-IOQH
TeMHbl, TYlIH rp03HbI».
POMaH HJIJIIOCTpHpOBa.11H MHorHe Xy.n.O}KHHKIi: B. CepOB,
H. PerrliH, M. 3HllH, H. ,l{y60BCKOfl, B. KOfapOB, K. CaBHU-
KHA, B. BeperuarHH. CepHIO aKBapeJIbHbIX PHCYHKOB 8 JlHTO-
rpacpHH C03aJI B. K01l8Ille,BHQ.
rpaBlOpbl K pOMaHY B. B.nKHHa H A. IKYPOBa rrpOHH-
3aHbI JIHpld3MOlrf. ¥fHTepeCHbI lIeTKOCTblO pHCYHKa H CTpeM-
JIeHHeM paCKpWTb pOMaHTHQeCKYIO npHnOHHTOCTb oopa30B
aBTOJIHTOrpa$HH H. TblpCbl; 60,,'IbIllHM IICHXOJlOrH3MOM OTMe-
1JeH.bl PHCYHKH O. naBJIHHOBa, ,[{. lll'1a.pHHoBa H, H3KOHeu,
HJIJIIOCTpaUHH M. Bpyoe.HH, Ha KOTOpbIX MO>KHO OCT8HOBHTb-
CH OOJIee rro.lIPOOII O. Ocoooe MeCTO B TBOpqeCTBe 9Toro xy-
J{O>KHHKa 33HHMaeT oop8a ,[{eMOHa. KaK H JIepMoHTOB,
Bpy6eJIb B CBoeH KapTHHe H306pa>KaeT ,[{eMOHa CH.11bHOH,
rOp.llOH, rrOJIHOH BHYTpeIl.HCfl oopb6bI H npOTHBOpellHH .11HII-
IIOCTblO.
Ha BHeKJlaCCHblX aaHHTHHX paCCKaa 0 }KH3IIH H TBOptleCT-
Be JIepMoHTon8 MO)l{HO .lI.0IIOJIIIHTb .neMOHCTpaUHeH $parMeH-
TOB 83 cneKTaKJIeA, KHHOcpH.11bMOB. HarrpHMep, BOCbMHKJIaC-
CHHKaM HHTepeCHO nOCIOTpeTb KHHOcpH.11bf «JIepMoHTOB»
(cneHapHH K. naYCTOBCKoro, MY3. C. npOKocpbeBa) H.nH KH-
HOXPOHHKY B 3-x lIaCTHX O. PeMe3 H T. 4e6oTapeBCKOH
«0 JIepMoHTOBe», nOCTpOeJIHYIO H3 D,OKYMeHTa.11bHbIX .n.aH-
HbIX, re 3BYQaT CTHXH Ii npoaa J1epMoHTOB3. MO}KH.O no-
CJIymaTb H rpaM3arrHCH co CTHXOTBopeHHHMH JIepl\fOHTOBa
B HcnonHeHHH MaCTepOB xy.nO>KeCTBeHHoro CJIOBa - B. AKCf'.
HOBa, ,no )KypaBJIeBa, P. CHMOHOBa.

H. B. rOrOJIb
6-" KJlacc. 113ytTeHHe oHorpacplfH H. B. fOrOIl'lH B 3TOJ\.I
KJ1aCCe npOrpal\1MOH lIe npellYCl\10TpeHo. 1-10 nepe.n. Tel\f KaK
H3YQaTb nOBCCTb «Tapac BYJIb6a»t >Ke1]aTeJTbHO ,!laTb JI,eTHl\f
KpaTKHe CBen.eIIHH 0 >KH3HH H TBOp1JeCTBe nHCaTeJIH t OCBeTHB
u ,-
T3KHC 1\10MeHTbI, KaK rO]J.bI .lJ.eTCTBa, Ba>KHeHIlIHe COObITHH B
>KH3I1H (YQe6a B He>KHIlCKOH rnlvlHa3HH, nepee3Jl B TIeTcp-
6ypr, JtPY>K6a C A. nYlIIKHHbIM, 3HaKOMCTBO C B. BeJIHH-
CKHM), npH 3TOM XOpOUIO Ha3BaTb JIY1JllIHe npOH3Be.ll.eHHH,
C03]J.aHHbIe H. roro.'1eM. KpaTKHe sanHCH 06 OClIO.BHbIX co-
6bITHHX B >KH3HH H. rOrOJIH l\10JKHO CJI,eJIaTb B TeTpa]J.H.
B XOlle 6ece,U,bI >KeJIaTell'lbHO nOI<a3aTb YQaHMCH nopT-
peT forO.'1H XYJI.O>KHHI<a cI>. MO.'1J1epa, C KOTOpbll\f nHCaTeJIb
OblJI OAHO Bper\'IH 01leHb JI,PY>KeH, nopTpCTbI pOJI.HTeJIeii
H. foro.nH. J\\O>KHO nOKa3aTb OLtHY-.llBe aKBape.TJH caMoro
[01'0..151 (<<BaCHIITJbeBKa, Jl-OM Cel\IbH rOrOJIH»), pHcynoK
T. IlleBlIeHKO (<<B BaCIIJIbCBKe»).
DOBCCTb H. fOrOJ1H «Tapac EYJIboa» C TOqKH 3peHHSI
H]J.eHHO-9CTeTHlIeCKOrO BocnHTaHH yqall1HXCH npeCTaBJIHeT
COOOH OqeHb 611"1aro.n.aTITbIH l\1aTepHaJI. B n03THlIeCKOH, YBJIe-
)<aTeJ1bHOH <popl\1e 3)1.eCb paCCKa3blBaeTCH 0 repOHt.JeCKHX
nO.!I.BHraX CbllIOB YKpaHHCI{OrO IIapOJI.a, 0 HX MY)I{CCTBe H He-
npeKJIOIIIIOCTH B 60pb6e 3a pOJJ.HOH Kpaff. B )KUDoA 6eceJJ:e
o npOH3Be.n.eHHH, B f.IpOLleCCe nOCTeneHlIoro 03HaKOl\fJIeHHH C
CO.llepIK3HHCM .lleTH nOHMYT, lITO 3TO He nOBeCTb 06 OJlHOf
repoe, a paccKa3 0 ueJ10M napoJI.e, 0 era MorY1JHX CHJIax.
3TO, KaK CKa3aJI B. BeJIHlIcKHft, «...n03Ma 0 JIIOOBH K P0,U,H-
He, 0 neHaBHCTH K 3aXBaTQHI<al\f... liTO TaKoe Tapac BYJ1b-
oa - repoH, npe.1I.CTaBHTe.TJb }I{U3HH Llcnoro HapOJI,a, ueJIoro
1I0.1JHTH t leCKoro 06ll.(eCTBa B M3BeCTHYlO 3noxy }KH3I1H... On
JI106H.'1 CBOIO pOJI,HHY YKpaHHY H HHqerO He 3Hall BbIllJe Ii
npeKpaCHee Y]J.allTJoro I<a3aQeCTBa, nOTOMY 1JTO qYBCTBOBaJI TO
It n.Pyroe B Ka>KJI.OH KanJIe KpOI3H CRoeM...» I
1 H. B. rorOJtb 0 PYCCKOH KpHTHKe, N\., 1953. CTp. 69-70.
94

Bo BCTynJlellHH Y1JHTe.nb paCCKa3bIBaeT 0 paOOTe nHCa-
TeJ1H Ha;J. noneCTblO, KOTopaH npO.lJ.o.TJmaJIaCb B TetJeHHC lle-
BRTIl JIeT (c 1833 no 1842 r.). H. rorO.'Ib 0311aKOi\-IHJ1CH C
orpoMHblM KOJIHtJeCTBOM HCTOpHQeCKHX Hcc.TJe,noBaHHH 06
JlCTOpHH 3anOp0)l{CKHX Ka3aKOB H HCTOpHH YKpaHHbI, tJHTaJI
pa3JIHtJHbJe cnHCKH YKpaHHcKHx JICTOnHCCH. Ho CaMbIl\f ueH-
IIbl MaTepHaJlOM, KOTOpblH 011 MCnOJIb30naJI B cBoeH paooTe
Ha,n MCTOpnlJCCI{OH nOBeCTblO, ObI.,'IH YKpaHlIcKHe Hapo,nHbIe
neCHH H LtYl\fbl. GUll OKa3aJIH OrpOI\1HOe BJIHHHHe Ha H3bIK no-
DeCTH H 06pa3HYlO cHcTeMY, npoIIH3a.TJH CTpOlJ]{H noneCTH TeM
BbICOKHM JIMpHtJCC.KHt nacIJocoM, KOTOpbIH OT.'IHqaeT npo-
H3Be.neHHH napOLtHOrO TBoptJecTBa. MO}J{HO npHBecTH C.,1JO-
na rOrOJIH: «MoB pa,nocTb, LKH3Hb 10HI necHHI KaK H Bac
JIIO OJIIO t» I
YtJarnHeCH 3apaHee tJHTalOT rrOBeCTb ,no1\.ra caMOCTOHTeJlb-
HO. 1..JacTb nepBoH rJIaDbI l\10>KHO npotJHTaTb B K.nacce B
JlHu.ax, J1pyryIO tJaCTb (OT 3BTopa) Bblp33HTeol1bll0 1JHTaeT
YlJHTeJIb. nepB351 r.naBa ]laeT npeACTaBJIeHHe 0 Bpel\feHH ,neH-
CTDHH, 3HaKOl\flIT C rJIaBHbll\IH repoHMH. 3.aecb MomHO HCnOJlb-
30BaTb HJIoI'IIOCTpalu'no T. llleBqelIKO «Tapac BCTpettaeT
v u
CBOHX cbIHoDeH», oTpa*aJOrnyIO nepBbIH MoreHT BCTpelIli.
H.t'JJIIOCTpaHH, DblLtep>KaHHaH B Ayxe rOrOJIeBCKOH nOBecTH,
nOJO>KeT yqarnHMcH rJIyooKo nOH5ITb C0.!1epiK311He nOBCCTH.
1130opajJ{eHlie .n.3HO Ha 4>oHe 6y JlHHQHOrO CeJIbCKOrO neH3a-
>Ra. BH.llHa HOBaH X03HHcTBcHHaH nOCTpOHKa, Ha KOTOpOH
Jle}J{HT KOJIeCO OT Te.Hern (qT06 aHCT CDH..1J rHe3JIO Ha CtlaCTbe,
no HapoHoMY nOBcpbIO); BblCOKHH 3a6op p cTapblH pa3BecH"
CTblH LtYo, 6pocalOIUHfi rycTYIO TeHb Ha cTeHY; BJIaJIH Ka3aK
YBO,IlHT KOHeR, Ha KOTOpblX TO.,1bKO tJTO npHexa..TJH CbIIIOBbH.
3a ceHoH BCtpCtlH OTua C CblTlODbHl\'IH HaOJIIOAaeT l\1aTb, He
Ct.fCH BMeIlIHBaTbCH, H BO BCeM: ee c}JHrype H JIHue tJYBCTByeT"
CH He TO..TJbKO pa,lI.OCTb, HO Ii TpeBora, KaK OY.!J.TO OHa Y>Ke
npen.1JYBCTDyeT pa3J1YKY. BCH HJIJIIOCTpaHH, npoIIH3allHaH
JIHpHKO-,ltpaMaTHlJCCKHM HacTpoellHeM, HBJIHeTCH KaK 6bl
BCTyn.ncHHel'if K pa3DHTHJO C06b[THit
Bo BTOpOH H TpeTbeH r.naBax TIHCaTeJIb 3I13KOt.f.HT c 06..
cTaHoBKoH p oKpY>KaIOWeH repoeD, nOKa3bIBaeT, KaK <fJOPMH"
pOBaJIHCb HX xapaKTepbI, pHcyeT >KH3Hb H ObIT 3anopo>K-
CKOM Ceqn, KOTopaH 6hr1J3 TeM rHe3...rlOM, «OTKy.n.a BbI.neTaIOT
Bce Te rop,nblc H KpenKHe, KaK JIbBhI!.. OTKY!1a pa3BHBaeTcH
I H. B. r 0 r 0 JI b. Co6paHHe COQHHeHHlf 8 6-TH TOM8X. T. 6, M.
fHXJJ. 1959, CTp. 309.
95

nOJISI H K33aqeCTBO na actO YKpaHHY!» 1. BOJIbHaSl mHpb-
Heo6n5lTHbIH CTennOH npOCTOp, KaK ObI CHMBO.lIH3HPYIOT
YJI.aJIb, pa3Max, xpaopOCTb 3anOpO>KCKHX Ka3aKOB.
BaLKHO oopaTHTb BHHI\1aHIie Ha OnHCaHHe CTenH BO BTO-
poil r'IaBe. )l(e.naTeJIbHO, IITo6 BHallaJIe YtJarnHeCH OXapaK"
TepH30BaJIH QYBCTBa H lIaCTpOeHHH repOeB e.n.YlIJ.HX no
CTenH. L(eTH HaXO.ll5IT B TeKCTe CJIOB3 0 TOl\o1, liTO Y Tapaca
npH BOCnOf\1:HHaHHH 0 OOeBb[X TOBapHmax KOTOpbIX Y>Ke HeT
B >KHBbIX, «noceiteBllI3H rOJIOBa YHblJ10 nouypHJIacb», 3a.aYM-
QHBO onycTH.lI rO1oBY OCTan, AH,llpHH exaJI Tome «nOBeCHB
rOJIOBY H nOTynHB rJIa3a B rpHBY KOHSI CBoero», BCnOl\fH-
HaH npCKpaCHYIO nO.t[5PIKY. B TeKCTe nOBeCTH yqallI.HeCH Ha-
XOJI.HT Bhlpa)l{eHHSI, KOTopbIe rapl'vlOIIHPYIOT C rpYCTJlbIrvili
MbIC..'1HMM H HaCTpOCHHHMH repoeB: «,L{Henp ObTJI cepblH»,
«nTHII.bl l.I.\eOeT3..1M KaK-TO B pa3JI a.n.».
OpH if3Y1.JeIlHH onHC3I1HH CTenH BaLKHO OOpaTHl'b BHHMa-
IIHe lIa MeTKOCTb, 06pa3HOCTb Ii 5IpKOCTb H3bIK3 nHCaTeJISI.
KaKYJO raMl'iIY KpaCOK, pa3Hoo6pa3HH 3BYKOB .naeT HaM
rOrOJIb npH pnHcaHHH CTenH ,llHeM, BeqepOl\1, HOtJblO! 01-1
>KHBOnHcyeT CJIOBOI\.'I, TOJIbKO C..TJOBOl'iI, 110 B ero onHcaHHH,
H3npHl\-lep BellepHeH CTenH, qYBCTByeTcSI TOHKoe nOHHMaHHe
KOJIOpHTa, OH no,a1JepKHBaeT npHMYIO 3aBHCHMOCTb KOJIOPH-
Ta OT OCBCII{CHIlH: «BellepOM BCH CTenb COBepmeHHO nepeMe-
HHJIaCb... no He6y, II3rOJIy6a-TeMHOMY, KaK 6y.a T O HCnO'IHH-
CKOIO KHCTblO Ha..'1S1naJlbI 6bTJ1H llIHpOKHe nOJIOCbI H3 p030Boro
30JlOTa; H3pe.ZI. K a 6eJICJIH K..'IOKaMH JIerKHe If np03pallHbie 06..
.TIaKa...» 2. I1JIH: «...Tel\tHaH BepeHHU,a JIeoe,aeH, JIeTeBIIIHX H3
ceBepe, BlI.pyr OCBelIlaJIaCh cepe6pHHO-p030BhIM CBeTOM H Tor..
JI.a Ka33JIOCb, qTO KpaCHble nJIaTKH JIeTeJIH no TeMHOMY Heoy»3.
3TH ocooeIlHOCTH rorO..neBCKoro CJIOBa lIaJI.O nOMOqb YBH"
JI.eTb rneCTHK,,'1aCCHHKaM t YBH,aeTb CTenb C ee 3BYKaMH t 3a-
n3Xal\1M, I..{BeTO1, npooy JI.HTb Y JI.eTeH HHTepee II JIIOOOBb K
npHpOlI.e.
PeKOl\ttel-lJI.yel\1 nOKa3aTb penp0Jl.YKUMIO KapTHHbl COBeT"
CKoro XYlI.O}KHHKa A. nJ1aCTOB3 Ha CIomeT «Tapaca BYJIb-
ObI». 3Toro XY.l1.0>KIIHKa YBJIeKJIa JIHpHKO-ApaMaTHlJeCKaSi
CTopona nOBeCTH. Xy.n,omHHK M306p*aeT U,BeTYllJ.YIO cTenb,
no KOTOpOH Ka3aKH e.n.YT B CetIb. BCl\o13TpHBaHCb, yqeHHKH
1 1-1. B. r 0 r 0 11 b. Co6paHHe cotlHHeHHA B 5-TJf TOMax. T 2, ,\'\.,
fHXJ1, 1959, CTp. 52.
2 TaM )K e, CTp 4 Q.
a TaM 11{ e, C'Tp. 50.
QA

paCCKaYT, tJTO Ka3aKH H306pa>KelIbl KpynllbIt nTIaHOM.
tlTOObI 6'OJIee Bbfpa3HTeJlbHO paCKpbITb nepe>KHBaHHH repOeB.
pa3JIHIlHe XapaKTepOB Jlo6poJJ.ywnoro Tapaca. 1't1Y>KeCTBeH"
HOro OCTana H JIHpHIIHOrO AHJI.PHH.
XY,lI.O>KHHKH C. HBanOB, C. BaCHJIbKOBCKHH, HCTIo.nb3YSl
u
3rrH30,lJ, nOe3,lI.KH no CTeTIH Tapaca Hero CbIHOBeH, paCKpbl"
u
JIH J1pyrYlo CTOPOHY - 60raTCTBO YKpaHIICKOH npHpOJI.bl,
nOlJ.lIepKHYJlH IIIHPb, npOCTOp CTenH, 0 KOTOpOH C TaKH1
ynoeHHeM nHCaJ1 H. rOrOJIb, a oopa3bI repoeB JJ.aIlbl Ha BTO"
po 1 n.H a lie, no CYTH ,lI.CJI a, 9CKH3HO.
A. OJIaCTOB }Ke, nOCTaBHB nepeJl C060H 3a,ztaqy paCKpbl"
THH xapaKTepOB repoeB, OCTaHaBJIHBaeTCH Ha caMbIX Tpa-
rHlIeCKI1X rOMeIlTax B >KH3HH Tapaca: CMepTb AH,lI.pHH,
CKOpOb Tapaca 06 OCTarre H CMCpTb Tapaca. 3TH aKBapeJIH
A. nJIaCTOBa MO>KHO HCn0J1b30BaTb B .naJIblleHIlleM npH aHa-
,.TJH3e nOBeCTH. Oco6eHHO CHJIbHO H306pa}KeH Tapac, B TOC-
Ke H OTIJaHHHH CHn.HIUHH H8 6epery MOpH. OCTarr B nJlCHY.
CaM Tapac TOJIbKO OrrpaBHJlCR OT TH>KKHX pall. CTapbIX TO-
napHmCH HeT, Bce norH6JIH «sa npaBOC .lleJlo, 3a Bepy n
opaTCTBO».
Kora yqamHeCH 6y.nYT paCCMaTpHBaTb perrpo.nYKUHIO,
nalI.O 06paTHTb BHHMaHHe Ha TO, liTO B .9TOM 3nH30,!1.e XYJJ.O>K-
BHK 60,,'1blllOe BHHlVlaHHe Y!leJlHJI neH3a>KY, XOTH rOrOJlb llaeT
ero B nOBeCTH Bcero H .lI.BYX npeJJ.JlO>KeIlHHX: «nepe,lI. HHM
CBepl<a.,TJO H paCCTHJIaJIOCb qepnoe Mope; B JI.aJlbneM TpOCT"
HHKe KpH4aJla qaHKa» I. Y nJIaCTOB8 4epHoe lVIope He cno-
I{OHHOe, a BOJlHYlOlUeeCH. rope Tapaca nOJl06HO rJlyoHHe H
MOmH BO.TJHYlOmeHcH CTHXHH. XYJJ.01KHHK no"cBoefY npollH-
Ta.n 3TH CTpaHHnbI H. rOrOJIH, C03I1aTeJIbHO JJ.onYCTHB HeKO-
TOpylO lIeTOttHoCTb.
C OOJlbillHM BOJIHeHHeM BocnpHHHMalOT meCTHKJIaCCHHKU
onHcaHHH Ka pTHII 6051, repOHqeCKHX nOBHrOB sanOpO>KueB.
OHH MorYT caMoCTOHTeJIbHO, oe3 npeJlBapHTeJIbHOH TIoJI.ro-
TOBKH paccKa3aTb 0 narpHoTH3Me Tapaca, OCTana H JJ.PyrHx
aanOpO>Kl{eB, 06 H3MeHe AH.nPHSI, BcnOMHHTb CJIOBa Tapaca,
oopalUeHHble K cblHy-npe.llaTeJlIO, 0 pa3Hblx xapaKTepax
6paTben. 3aJI.aqa YQHTeJlH - nOMOllb meCTHKJlaCCHHKaM YBH"
.neTb xYJlO>KeCTBeHHoe cBoe06pa3He, MacTepcTBo nHCaTeJlfl.
npH paccMoTpeHHH oopa3a r..TJaBHOrO repost nOReCTH-
Tapaca BYJlb6bl, 60JIblllOe BHHl\-1aHHe lla,lI.O YJI.etlllfTb IX rJIaBe,
r I H. B. r 0 r 0 n b. Co6paHHe COtfHucnnA B 6-TII rOMdX. T. 2. 1\1.,
IXJJ, 1959, CTp. 131.
1/ 2 4 '3- 1299
91

na MaTepnaJle KOTopoil paCI<pbInaeTCS1 H.l1eHHaH CBR3b ro-
rO.'1eBCKOH n03Mhl Ii 6blTJJJll, npOrJl3BJ1HIOWIIX OOPbOY Tlapon.a
3a HC3aBl1CHMOCTb. 3t1,eCb CBOeOOpa3Hafi 9IUI4eCKaH, necclI..
Han cfJ0PM8 peItH, 60JJbllI3H 9l\-10UHOllaJlbHOCTb. C 6LJJ1I1HaMH
Yllanecfl 3HaKOlVlbl, H n03TOMY Ha BOnpOC 0 TOM, KOrO Ha-
nOMHHaeT Tapac B CUeHe CXBaTKH C BparOM, neTH BcnOMH-
HalOT l1J1bfO !\\ypOMua. naXOD.HT npell.TJO>KeJlHH, nO.l1 TB ep"
>KJlalOm.ne 3TO: «py6HTC(, ObeTCfI Ta pac, Cbln.'1eT rOCTIfHUbi
TOMY H JJ.pyrofY 113 rOJlOBY». KaK 60raTbipeH H306pa>Kaer
rOrOJJb H llpyrHx Ka3aKOB. MOIUI[()H CHJla 3anOpO>KUeB non...
qepKHBaeTCH H TeMH rJIarOJlaMH, KOTopble HClIo¥1b3yeT
IIHCaTeJlb, C03.l1aBaH npHMO-T3KH 3BYKonYIO KapTHIIY: Tapac
«rpOXIIYJlCS1», OaJla6aH «rpHllyncH H33eMb», OXpHM rYCKa
CH311.JlOMHJICfI H GYXIIYJlCH 0 3eMn 10».
PaCKpbJB3H H}lefO npOH3Bc.neHHH - HenOOeJ1HMYIO CHJlY
napoJJ.a, TOBa pliweCKYIO COJ1 H.lla pIlOCTb, B3aHMoBblpytiKY
If npY>K6y 3anOpO>KueB - II. fOrOJ1b ncnoJlb3yeT npneM
.
TpeXKpaTlloro n08TopenHSI, CTOJIb xapaKTepllblH llJISI YCT-
Boro 1I03TH4eCI<OrO TBOpqeCTBa. CJIeJI.yeT 3alJ HT3Tb Tpex-
KpaTHYIO nepel<J11f4KY Tapaca C KypeHHMH, I{OTOpafl 3DYItliT
nO!looJlo 6blJlHIIHOMY cKa3Y. npHeM nOBTopeHIfH nHCaTeJlb
nCnOJlb3yer H 8 cuellax 6051, rn.e YMHpalOT aanOpO>KllbJ C
MhlCJlblO 0 pODJllle, 0 CBOHX TOBapHIUax.
CH..'1bHO 3RY4HT Mb!CJlb 0 eJ1HJlCTBe, CnJlOqeHHOCTH Ka3a-
KOB 8 petiH Tapact1 0 TOnapUw.ecTBe. Ii lIa Bonpoc, 0 lIeM
ronopHT Tapac B cBoeH peqn, JIeTH OTBeTHT npaBHJIbliO H
HCtJepnblBalOule. CJleD.yeT o6paTIITb BHHMaHHe Ha o6pa3
aBTopa, rOJloc I{OTOpOro 38YtlHT TO TparHlIeCKH, TO pa.l10CT-
HO, TO rpYCTHO-JI H pHlIeCKH, TO TpeBO>KHO, TO B,nOXHOBJlHIOme.
3TO 3MOUHOllaJlbHO OKparnHBaeT Ka>KJlYIO CTpOtJKY npOH3Be-
JleIlIiH. 31leCb CJlbllJlHTCH ronoc nHCaTeJlH-naTpHOTa, KOTOpblA
BCeeJlO lIa CTopone 60plO11l.erOCH HapO.l1a.
K noneCTH eCTb nJlJl!OCTpaHH COBeTCKHX Xyn.O>KHMKOB
,a. IIIMapHHoBa, A. ByonoBa, E. KH6pHKa, A. repaCHMO-
Ba. 06paTHf\1 BHn M a Hue Ha HJIJlIOCTpaUlIH E. KH6pHKa H
A. repaCHMOBS.
06a 3TH XYllO>KHHKa TeMOH n.JlSI HJlJIIOCTpanHH H36paJlH
lie JlUPHI{O-JlpaMaTHqeCKYIO CTOPOHY nOBeCTH, non.o6l1o
T. r. llJenlJellKO Ii A. A nJIaCToBY, a repoHKo"9nHtJecKYlo
(jOpbOY Hc:tpO,TJ,8 C 1III03eMHblMH 3aXBaTlIHKaMH. 110 Ka>K.llbin
H3 I-IUX, B CDOIO otlepe.nb, OTJ1HtlaeTCH cBoeo6pa3HbIM HH,lllIBH-
JlyaJlbHhIM nOllXO!lOM 1< 9T()H rel\1C, tlTO 01leHb Ba}KHO nOKa-
3aTb yqallUf Me'S!.
VB

-!
r,
t'(
t
t'
J .,
to,
I
r
( ,
'-
v
"
'"
,;
.I..
.::
t.
t.-
--
:i
-.
.:;.:
 :-
I}
r
,
-;.
f?"
I/'.l 4*


'. .
.."1
. '
/;t-
 .'-
. .,
.....
. --
.,' 
- . .-?t
'. ";-, \
;'
'f'
i
r
ff
,. .l: 
:} }/t/i;'
-. ..
.  -

-. _:.i.
li..1:: 4<. '
,," .
,'
;;.-...."
<1i  ..;
t 
:.}
,,'
71 '
',p
 Ir";'
'.
.
-I
..-,......
.
"
. 
" '
':0
.!<-
-t-
,\
.
)
 .....,
""
._:Z
.- oi. .
T .!,"
t,.
- .:-,

..-'..
E. I\.uopnK. Tapac Ey..1bf>a.

. .
"
1'" ..
I>
't
"
,r'
-p-;
.. r
,.;.,
oI..J -
.....
.i:) .
"i
t 
.'
'.
.:7t .,


E. I(H6pHK C03,L1.a,n B 1949 r. 60JIbWYI0 cepHlo 3BTO.TJHTO"
rpa$HH K «Tapacy BYJlboe». OpH paCCMOTpellHH B KJIacce
.llBYX-Tpex HJ1JIIOCTpaUHH (no Bbl60py) Hall.O YBH,Z:leTb caMoe
rJIaBHOe B xYlI.O>KeCTBeHHoH MaHepe XY,lJ,O>KHHKa - paCKpbl-
THe nCHXOJIOrHtJeCKOH rJIy6HHbI xapaKTepOB.
JIHCTbl, nOCBHI.UeHHble Tapacy, OTKphIBalOT KaKHe-TO
HOBbIe rpaIlH ero xapaKTepa, xapaKTepa, lI.aHHOrO B pa3BH-
TJ1H BO Bpel'\'leHH. Ha,lJ,o npe,lJ,.'10>KHTb WKOJ1bHHKaM onHcaTb
pa3Hbie tJepTbI ero xapaKTepa, 3TO HeCO!\'1HeHHO, 6y.n.eT pa3-
BHBarb lIe TOJ1bKO HX peqb, HO H 3CTeTHQeCKOe !\1bIllI-
.,1eHHe.
. oo.nee nOBeCTBOBaTeJIbHbI HJIJ1IOCTpallHH YKpaHIlCJ{OrO
xy.n.O>KHHI<a M. J].eperyca. B JIHCTe «Ka3Hb OCTana» O!lHH Ii3
Lleurpa.nbHblX 06pa30B nOBeCTH H. rOrOJIH H30UpaJKCII lIa
£polle l'vIaCCbl lIapOJI.a, KOTOpbIH COqYBCTByeT MY>KeCTBCJ[I[OMY
BOHHY.
CBoe06pa3HO nOAorneJI K paCKpblTHIO repOH3::\-13 1£(1 pO1a
xy.rr.omlHtK A. repaCH!\10B. ,L{J1S1 ero cepHH HJ1J]IOCTpauni'1
(60.fJee D.Bfl.l1.uaTH J1HCTOB - ryawb, aKBapCJ1b) xapal<Ter.
1-10 npeo6111 aA8HHe J\.laCCOBbIX cu.eH. Oll nOKa3LInaeT Bee
I{a3a4be BOHCI<O, Ha cpolle KOToporo .lleHCTBYIOT rJJ3BHbIC 1 C'-
pou. 5aTaJ1bHbIe ClleIlbJ BceM cepHH, OT.rIIlQaIOIlUleC5I 1\1cH.'ilIT:.O-
HOCTblO H pa3M3xo:\tI, COOTBeTCTBYIOT roro..TIeBCKOH 1I013eCTJI,
npOllH3aHHOH CypOBbIM ,U.YX01\1 Hap0J1HO-OCB060JI.liTe1t.dll:f1
60pb6bl.
oaTa,nbHble cneHbI, ,U.HlIal\IH£IeCKHe H MHorO<pHrypHLIe, ne-
pc.n.alOT nblJI >K3 pKOH 6HTBbl, oTBary H Hanop Ka33t.lbero BOI1-
CI<a, Kal{ Jlal1pHIep «BHTBa 33nOp0)Ku.en C JISlXal\'1Jf», Ii BOC'-
npHHHM310T HX llleCTHK.TJaCCHHKH BCer.lI.a C 60J1b.lUHI\'I YE3..,1Cll'-
IIHeM. BaiKlIO 06paTHTb BHHMaHHe YQ3I.U.HXCH Ha TOt LJT()
XYJI.0}KIH1K He 3a.n.ep>KHBaeTCH Ha .lleTaJlHX, a CTpeMHTCH K
06llJ.eIY H306pa>KeHHIO. 3TO TO>Ke oco6eHHocTb H.a..'IIOC j"P \1-
U,HH A. repaCHMOBa, 06YCJ10BJIellllaH H,U.eiiHblM aa1\fbIC....10l\I xy-
JI0JKHHKa.
Ho B 3TY repOHKO-OaTaJIbHYIO cepHIO A. repaCH10!J
BIIOCHT lI.pal\f3THtJeCI{HH 3J1e11eIlT. )KeJ1areJIbHO nOl\Cl3aTb
Ha Hoo,nce CHJlbHbIH H Bhlpa3MTeJIbHblH .HMCT - Cllena y no-
CTCJlH TH}J{eJlO 60J1bHOrO Tapaca, KOToporo BbIXa>KHBCi\:J
BepHbIH ooeBOH ,llPyr TOBKatJ. YqalUHeCH paCCMorpHT, oxa-
paKTcpH3YlOT H C nOMOI.U.bIO YIIHTeJIH nO,l1.MeTHT fJIaBHOe-
BHYTpeHllliH naTpHOTHlIeCKHH n3<tJoc, ooeBYIO JI.pY>K6y, TO-
u
BapHllI..eCTBO, CKpen.,lHIOll(He aanopOLKueB HepYWHl\10H I{..'1S1T-
Boii
100

7; 117
l!o -"' / .... l I
d
t t
-"
'\"
9:
tr-':S;
':1
...::'"
-; 
'f. -'
..
. j
"._< .t
'ph
. c ',,$
"
,t
,,/ .
(. c
'=; 'j 
.. 'l'
-,'" ,
-...!.]
"
./.
."_""r
.
-, {
- ,f,
',,- '::'h
"':{-!.:..
 i r
 .
t-<-' .
"1 ...
-'r 1"
}-.
. .
.r...
r 4...
...t
. . ,'-
:>
.-? ..
.
?
"
-"1'" -;. -'....'.
.t .-.
. l
-.
-z
"-. ... .,
J. r r
.
-
".. .r
.:..;-( "j" -'./.l
>,
:to
-- :-!
- -" - 
-f
. ,
. .
!.-,. :.."'.\
r;" ''tf
,,-t
"
.... ..... r
p_."o .i., J
.
\. 1Jeperyc. Ka3Hb OCTana.
3HaI{OfH IIIKOlbIH1hUB C nOBeCTLIO I I. rorolIST, yqUTelIb
nOI\a3LIIJae r H \1 l{apTHHY I I. PerU-Illa «3anOp0}KUbI nnWYT
I1I1Cbl\10 TypeUKOMY CYTITaIlY».. 3Ta KapTHIIa HC nU.IHleTCSl
npHMOfI HJl1]IOCTpau.HeH 1I0BeCTH, 1-10 Tel He l\-lelIee Ow.Yll.{aeT"
CH 60lbIllaH llIlYTpeHHHSI CBH3h te}K.l1Y KapTHIIoi'f 11 nOBeCfhEO..
II3Y4aH 'lOKYl\.1eHTbI HCTOpHH YI<paHHbl, Perrnn npOIInTaJ1
0.lUI3iI{.!1.bl nHCbMO 3anOpO/Kuen TypeKOl\1Y cY.J1Tauy II TYT
101

me cn,eJlaJI Ha6poCOK, KOTOpblH .TIer B OCHOBY KapTIIHbl. I' a,zt
CDOHM npOll3se,lleJlHeM PenHH pa60T3J1 l\lHOrO JIeT.
KOHeu XVI Oe]{H. Typeu.Kufl CYJITan '\YX3MMe.l1. lliJleT
3anOpO>KIl31 «rp0311YIO rpaMOTY», B I{OTopoii npllKa3b1B3eT
8M .n06POBO..'1bIlO C,ll3TbCH. Ho 33nOp0)KUbl OTBeQ31OT ervlY
nHCbMOM, .lI.ep3KHM H nOJ1lIbl{ IOMopa.
C 60JlblIIHl.1 HHTepeCOM H BHHMaIlHe1 yqeHHKH BCt.laTpH"
BalOTCSI B H300p3>KeHHe, BCJlYllJHB310TCSI B ClIOBa. Onn 06H3"
PY>KaT, liTO onHcallue >KH3HH 3anOpO>KCKOH CeIlH, .u.3Hlloe
H. rOrOJIel'rl, HMeeT MHoro 06wero C H300p3}KeHHe!\1 na Kap..
THHe.
MomHo cnpOCHTb B yqarnHXCSI:
-KTO >Ke H3 Ka3aKOB, H306pa>KeHlIbIX Ha KapTHHC, no..
BameMY MHeHHIO, 60JIbWe Bcex Hanot.IHHaeT Tapaca EYJ1bGy?
MJleHltsl OObIIIHO CXOltSlTCSI - 3TO !106pOJI.YIllHbIH Ka3aK B
KpaCHOM >KynaHe H 6e.110H n3naxe, KOTOpbUi 3apa3HTeJlbHO
XOXOQCT. 4YBCTByeTcSI, IITO 011 npOCTO B ynoeHHII OT nnCbMa,
KOTopoe CO t U1HSlIOT ero TOBa pHIJ!H, H B ero 6eCXHTpOCTHOM,
rpOfKOt.f, OT neeA llymH CMexe 3BY4HT WlIpOT3 II Y.AaJ1b K3"
3aUKOH BOJIbHHl.\bl.
3TOT 06pa3 cnHcan C HaTypbl: PenHIIY n03HpOBaJl ero
ltPyr H 3eMJlHK A. Py6eu - nOTOMCTBeHHblH Ka3aK 3ano..
pO>KCKOH CellH, COBpeMCHIIHK T. llleBqeHKO If nepOblH aUTOp
MY3blKH Ha CTHXH llleBIIeHKo.
EOJIblIIYIO pOJ1b B nOBeCTH HrpaeT neH33>K. 51 pKHC, Kpa-
CO'lHbIe KapTHHbI CTenH, onHcaHHe ,LLHenpa H .llpyrHe H306pa..
>KeHHSI npHpOl1hI B036Y>K.lI.3IOT npe,lJ.CTanJIeIIHfI yqaIl1HXCH,
pa3BHBalOT 3MOUHOH3JIbHYlO CTOPOHY HX BocnpHHTHH. YrJlY"
6HTb nOHHM3HHe nefl3a>K3 nOMO>KCT neH3a>KlIafl >KHBOnHCb.
MO>KHO HCnOJJb30naTb K3PTHHY A. KYHlIll>KH «JIYHH3H HOQh
H3,lt L{HenpOM», r!l.e oqapOnaHHe TenJ10H IO)KHOH HOqH pac-
KpblTO C 60J1bIllOH n03THtleCKOH CMJIOH.
80 BHCKJ13CCHOe Bpe1\IH >KeJI3Te.TJbHO npC.!lOCTaollTb B03-
MO>KHOCTb .lI.eTSlM nocJ]yuI3Tb Ii MY3bIl<aJIbHOe npOJI3Be,lJ.e..
IIHe - OltHOHMeHIIYIO onepy (B OTpbIBK3X) KOMn03HTopa
H. JI bIceHKO.
Bbl.lI.alOHHCSI YKpaHHCKHH KOMn03HTOp H. JI bIceHKO nH-
caJi onepy OK0J10 10 JIeT, 3aKOIlIIHJ1 B 1890 r. npOCJIyulan
Bero onepy (B !lOl\fe y J1bIceHKo), 4aHKoBcKHH BOCXHrnaJlCSI
ee nau.HOHaJIbHblM, neceHHO-JlHpHqeCKHM KOJIOpHTOM H npel!-
.'JO>KHJI nOCTaBHTb ee B neTep6ypre. HaqaJIaCb nO.ll.rOTOnKa
K nOC'faHOBKe onepbl t HO cMepTb KOMn03HTopa npepBaJl3 pa..
Gory Halt HeA B TeaTpe.
102

Onepa OblJ1a nnCpBbIe nOCTanJ1ella n 1924 r. Ha cueHe
XapLI\oBcKoro oneplloro rearpa, n03)J{e (B 1927 r.) B KHe-
Be. B oClIony J1U6peTTO OnCpbJ nOJIO>KeHa nOBeCTb H. rorOJ1S1.
Oco6eHHO 6JlH30K B onepe K J1HTepaTypHOMY npoToTHny
naTpHOTH 1 1ecKHH 06pa3 Tapaca.
MO>KHO CI<a3aTb H 0 TOM, tlTO B onepy BBeJ1.eHa <l>Hrypa
Ko63apH, IIHOH cpHHaJl onepbl - Tapac H OCTan He nOfH-
6a1OT. 3anopo>KUbl B 3apCBe nO>KapHW3 BO rJIane c Tapacortt,
DblCOKO nOJUIHMaSl 60eBoe 3HaMS1 CeqH, 6pocalOTCSI 860ft,
ua npHcTyn H n06e}K,llaIOT. B Cpa1KeHHH OT PYKH oTua rH6..
lIeT AHJlPHH. KOMn03HTopbl He BCer,lla CTporo npH,llep>KH-
BafOTCH JIHTeparypHoro HCTOtlHHKa, a, corJIaCIIO cnoel'tIY 3a-
MbIC.'Y J nOJ1.qac OTXO.lJ.HT OT Hero. B l1aHHOM CJIY4ae lIo6e,l{3
Ka3aKOB, 3 lie HX CMepTb COOTBeTCTBOBaJ1a 3aMblCJlY H J1.yxy
Bcen onepbI.
JIY411IHe CTpaHHUbI onepbl CBSl3aHbI C H306pa>KeHHCM
BOJIbHOJII06HBOro Ka3aQeCTBa, BO rJIane KOToporo CTOHT MY-
>KeCT13eHHbJll Tapac. 4T06bI yqal11HeCSI rJIy6>Ke nOllYBCTBO-
BaJIH n MY3bIKaJ1bllblX 06pa33X pa3rtfaX CH.'1bl HapOLla, nYCTb
nOCJ1ym31OT H3 I aKTa ,llYMY Kot53apH «Ox, He qepH8S1 TYtla
Hall. lKpaHHO" 1I0BHCJIa». QIla 3ByqHT KaK npH3bIB MCTHTb
«llIJ1HXeTCKHM naH3M» H «noraHbIM TypKal'tI».
B onepe «Tapac BYJIb6a» MHoro SIpKHX apHH rJlaBHOrO
repoH, MO}KHO Bbl6paTb J1f06Ylo, HO B a pHH «4TO Ha CBeTe
eCTL CBHTee narnero no6paTHMcTBa?» oco6ellHo rJIy6oKo pac-
KpbInacTcH repOHlJeCKHH xapaKTep Tapaca- ero BOJ1S1, pe-
lliHTeJIbllOCTb, BepllocTb TOBapHllI.eCTny. C06cTBeHHo 3TO TO,
o tleM C OOJIbmOH CH.T]OH. HD JlpyrHftfH xy.n.O>KeCTBeHHblMH
Cpel1CTBaMH (CJ10BOM) paCCKa3blBaeT rOrOJIb B HOBeCTH.
nOMHMO 9Toro HHTepeCIiO npocJlyrnaTb II cpaBIIHTb Te
pa3JIHtlllble l\feJIOJ1.HH KOTopble Hcno..'1b3yeT H. B. JI blceHKO
JJ.JISI OOpHCOBKH J1.BYX npOTHBOn0J10>KHbIX J1arepeH - otSpa3b1
"3 Ha pO,lla npOHH33Hbl MeJIOJ1.HSlMH YKpaHHCKoro <f>OJ1bKJIOpa,
a nO..'IbCK3n Ill.'1HXTa, BoeBOJ1.a, ero .l10tlb paCKpblBaIOTCSI B
JlpyroM MY3bIKa..'IbHOM KJlIOQe - MY3blKa 3.!teCb BbUl.ep>KaH8
.
B pHTMe KOKeTJIHnOH Ma3ypKH, BaJ1bCa, nOJIOHe3a.
B COBeTCKoe BpeMH KOMn03HTOp B. C0J10BbeB-CelI.OH C03-
.n.aJI 6aJleT no OlI.HOHMeHHOMY np01i3BeJ1eHHIO H. rOrOJ1H,
KOTOpblH 6b1.'1 nOCTaBJleH B 1940-41 rr. B MocKBe II JIeIlHH-
rpa,lle. 4epe3 HeCKOJIbKO JIeT (t 951 r.) KOMno3HTop P. r JIH3p
Tome HanHCaJI MY3bIKY K «Tapacy BYJIb6e».
7-1 KJl3CC. «PeBH30p» - nepBoe 60J1b1IJOe npOH3BeD-eHlle
PyccKoA KJlaCcHtJecKoM Jl.pal\taTyprHH, C KOTOpblM 3HaKOMSlTCSI
J03

ceMHK.naCCHHKH, nOSTOMY ytlHTeJIIO Ha.l10 TU{areJIbHO npo-
JtYl\1arb BeCb n.rlaH aHaJ1H3a KOMeD.HH, qr06bI HaHOO..1ee nOJI"
110 AOHeCTH )1.0 YQalllHxc5I BClO 3HaQHTeJIbHOCTb rOrOJIeBCKOH
nbeCbI.
Bo DcrynHTe..TIbHOH 6erelle YQUTeJIb paccKa3blBaeT 06
HCTOpHH C03,!J.aHHH nbeCbl, 0 TOM, liTO CIQmeT llvlH KOMe,!J.HH
rorOJIIO JI.aJI nYWKHH. PeK01\1eHJtyeM nOKa3aTb yqeHHKal't1
J1HTOrpaHH H PHCYHKH 30-40-x rOJ,\OB XIX BeKa, pncYHoK
«fOPO,QHHQHH», KOTOpbIH A. nYUJKHH nOllapH.,1 H. B. ro..
rOJIJO B nepHoA C03.lJ.aHH5I «PeBH30pa», pHcynoK O. <])eJlo ro-
Ba «fOpO.lJ.IIHqHH H H3B03QHK»; THTYJIblibIe ..TJHCTbI nepBoro
H3.lJ.aHHH «PeBH30p». B 9TOH >Ke oece.n.e Heo6xo.!1.HMO pac..
KphITb oc06eHHocTH JIHTepaTypHoro npOH3Be.lJ.eHHH, KOTopoe
.
Ha3bIBaeTC5I nbeCOH, onpeJI.eJIHTb ABa JIHTepaTypHbIX n01l5l"
TH5I - CIO>KeT, K01vfeJI.HH.
)Ke.naTeJIbHO HCn0J1b30BaTb AJISI 9Toro BbICKa3bIBaHHH
calHoro rOrO.,1S1. 06paIUaHCb K A. nYllIKHHY B oKTH6pe
1835 r., rOrOJ1b nHlIIeT: «C.neJIaHTe MH.l10CTb, JJ.aHTe K8KOH"
HH6YJlb CIOJKeT, XOTb KaKoH-HH6Y)1.b, CMeUlHOH H1I1" HCCl\lelI1-
HOH, 110 PYCCKHH tlHCTO aHeK.LI.OT... C.n.eJl3HTe tH.rIOCTb, ]1.aft-
Te CIO:>KeT, l1.YXOl\II oy.n.eT KOMe.l1HSI H3 UHTH aKTon, H, KJ1HHYCb,
6y.n eT CIeUlHee qepTa!» I.
AHalH3Y KOMe.ltHH H3 ypOKax npe.llllIeC'TByeT Jl.OMalliHee
qTeIIHe Bcero TeKCTa «PeBH30pa». 03UaI{OMHBUIHCb C COJlep"
>KaHHeM t CeMHKJIaCCIIHKH 6YJI.YT Hl\feTb o6I1lce npe,lJ.CTaBJle-
HHe 0 C06bITHHX, xapaKTepax H nOBeJI.eHHH .n.eHCTBYIOIllHX
JlHU KOMe.nHI1, y HHX CJIO>KHTCH onpe.n.CJIellHOe 9MOIJ.HOHaJIb-
Hoe BnellaTJIeHHe.
B KJIaCCe KOMMeHTHpOB3HHoe qTeHHe HaqHHaerCSI C
«acpHlllH» (aBTopCKOH peM3 pKH 0 JI.eHCTBYIOIllHX JII1u.ax) H C
«3aMellaHHH .n.HH aKTepOB». Q,lJ.HOBpelVleIlIIO YQllTeJIb OOoHC"
IHleT lIHHbI t 3BaHHH H AOJ1>KIIOCTH 1l.eHCTBYIOInHX J1HIJ.. a Ie-
TOHKe H3YlleHHH TeKCTa KOMe.nHH eCTb )1.0CTaTOIlHoe KOJIH-
qeCTBO pa60T 2.
I H. B. r 0 r 0 JI b. 0 nJlTepaType. M.. ryIX.n. 1952. CTp. 56.
I A. M. .u 0 K Y co 8. B. f. M 8 P 8 HUM a H. H3YQeHUe KOMe.o.HII
11. B. roroJ1H «PeBJt30p» B UJKO.FIC. M.-n., ..npOCAe[[leHH. J 967.
roro.r(b B llJKo.rre. C6. cT3reti 0011. peJ1. B. B. fony6Kooa II
A. I-I. LI.y()oBHKona. M.. 113.0.-80 AIlI-f PC<I>CP. 1954.
10. M a H H. I(OJ\{(',llHH roroJlSl cPeoH30p», M.t «XY,D,O}KE:'CTBeIlHaSJ
J1HTepaTypa». 1966.
104

no Mepc 03I1aKOM,,'1eHHH C ({oMel1I1eii B K..'IaCCe (lJTeHne B
pOIl'IHX HCI{OTOPbIX cuell, pa300p BonpOCOD, COCTaD.TICHHe n.n a..
na xapaKTepHCTHK H T. D..) Y4alllHeCH nOCTeneHIIO BbIHC-
v
HHIOT H!{eHHO-3CTeTHQeCKYIO lIanpaBJIeHHOCTb fibeCbI, ee >Kan..
pOBble npH3Hal{H.
KOMe,llHH «PeBH30p» - B3>KJlefiUlaH CTpaUHlla TBOpqe-
CTDa H. rOrOJIH. nUcaTe.llb C03D.aJI B 3TOM nbece 060()uteH-
HbIe CaTHpHlJeeKHe 0()pa3bl, THnbl OOLLlerOCYllapCTBeHl[oro
3HaQelIliH. lV\O/KHO npuneCTH CJ10Ba cal'tioro H. fOrOJ1H H3
ero «ABTOpCKOI1 HcnOBe.n.H»: «ECJIH Cl'tICHTbCH, Tal{ Y>K JIY4111C
v u
Cl\teHTbCH CH..'1I.JHO H nCl.ll. TeM, lITO tl.eHCTBIITeJ1bnO ,lI.OCTOHHO
OCl\feHHbH. B «PenH30pe» 51 pelliH.1CH coopaTb B O!lHY KY4Y
nee JJ.yplIoe B POCCHH, KaKoe H Tor,lI.a 3H8JI, Bce HecnpanellJIII-
BOCTH, KaKHe eJIaIOrCH n Tex MeCTax H B Tex CJIYQaS1X, r,lI.e
60o/1blliC Bcero TpeoyeTc5I OT lIe..TIOBeJ{a cnpal3e;J.JlUBOCTH, II
3a 0)1.1[111\'1 pa30l\1 nClCHTbCS1 Hall. BceM. 1--10 9TO, Kal{ H3BeCT-
110, npOH3neJ10 nOTpHcalOlllee JI.eHCTBue» 1.
XapaKTepH3YH }I{aHp cPeRH30pa», YlJHTeJlb no,ntIepKH-
naeT CaTHpnlleCKHM xapaKTep KOI\'IeHH, ronopHT 0 TOM, qTO
3,lI.eCb rJIaBHOe opY>KHe npOTHB OOw.eCTBeHHoro 3..'1 a - 9TO
crvlex, KOTOpbIH JI.OJ1}1{eH 3aCTaBHTb 3pHTeJ151 3a,llYMaTbCSI Ha.n.
06I.UeCTnCHHO-nO,,'1IITHtJeCKHMH BonpocaMH >KH3HH pYCCKoro
oomeCTB a.
,llJlH OOJ1ce rJ1YOOKoro nOHHMaHHH nepcOna>Keif KorvleJJ.HH
BeCba Ba)l{IIO KaK l\'IO>KHO IllHpe HCn0J1b30aaTb HJIJIIOCTpa"
IlHH, PHCYHKH, penpO,llYKUHH, OTHOCHIllHeCH K «PeBH30PY».
OcooeHHO Bb1pa3HTeJIbHbI nHTorpacj>HH n. BOKJleBCKOro,
{{OTOPhl" Ha3BaJl BCIO cepHIO «BfOpOKpaTHtteCKHM KaTeXH3H"
COM» 2. 3THM 0" TOliHO onpeJJ.eJIHJI CYllI.II0CTb KOMenHH-
pa300JIaQeUHe CaMOJl.ep>KaBHO-6IOpOKpaTHlIeCKOrO CTpOSI
POCCHH.
B anb60Me «BlopOKpaTHlIeCKHH KaTeXU3HC» Ka}K.l1aH H3
n5lTH ClI.eH HMeeT caoe na3BaHHe: «<PHJlOCO<pHH OlOpOKpaTOB»,
«PeJlHrHH OlopOKpaTon», «nOJ1I1THKa 610pOKpaToa», «n09-
3HH OlopOKpaTOB» H «OOw.eCTBeHHble OTHoweUHH 6EOpO-
l<paTOB».
PaCCMarpHBaH HJIJlIOCTpaUHH n. DOKneBCKoro, yqallJ,He..
CH OTJ\.feTS1T, tlTO XYllO/KIIHK Bee BHIfMaHHe cocpenOTOtJHJI Ha
xapaKTepHCTHKe Jl.eiiCTBYIOIllHX JIHU. raJIepeH ero nopTpe-
I fl. B. r 0 r 0 n b. Co6pa HHe COtIHHenHi't 8 6-TH TOM8X. T. 6, J\-l..
r"IXJI, 1959, CTp. 227.
2 K ameXU3UC - OCH08J1b1e y6e>K)1eHHH, HaCT8BJIenIHI.
5 3-1299
105

TOB-THnOB OTJ1H\laeTCn COUHaJ1bIlO-CaTHpHlIeCKHM XapaKTe..
P{)f, AeJlaeT HX BHYTpellHe 6J1H3KH}lH rOrOJ1encKofl KO-
l\feJlHH.
Kp01vle I1JI,,'IIOCTpaUHH n. BOK.,'1eBCKOrO, eCTb KapTHHa
c. rpHO]{Ona «PeBH30p. 06en. XJ1eCT3KOBa», HJIJIIOCTpaUHH
COBeTCKHX XY.l10}KHHKOB - aKnapeJII1 ,a. KaplI.ODCKOrO H PH-
CYHKII A. KOHCTallTHHODCKOrO, Y KOTOpOrO OC06eHHO y.n.aqell
06pa3 XJ1eCTaKOBa. PI1CYHI<H A. KOHCTallTliHOBCKOrO XOpO"
IIIH H TeM, liTO He TOJIbKO ,ltalOT npe!l.CTaBJIeHHe 0 J1eiiCTBYIO-
IlJJIX JIHuaX, HO II 06 oKpy*aIOll{elul o6cTaHoBKe.
npH paccMoTpellHlI upe.!1.J10)KeHHbIX HJI.nlocTpafHH pCKO-
MeHJ1ye1 YllHTeJ110 OOpaTJITb BHHMallHe yqalllJlxcH H na Te
pa3..'1HQHble xY)(OJKeCTBeHHbIe Cpe.ll.CTB3, KOTopble HCnOJIb3yIDT
XY!l.O>KHHK H .lI.paM aTypr. Y XYD-O}l{HHK3 - Kor.tn03HUHSI, PH-
o
CYHOK, KpaCI{Ii, Y !I.pa MaTypra - CJlOBO B JI.HaJIOrnqeCKOH
<popMe, JteilcTBHe, pe1 a pKH.
«PeBH30p» - .n.paMaTyprl111ecKoe npOH3Be!l.eHHe, npe.lI.-
Ha3UaQeHJlOe TOJJbKO llJ1SI TeaTpa; QT06bI Cel\1HKJI8CCIIHKH cY-
MeJIH CBH3blBaTb CBOH BTICtIaTJIeIlHH OT J1HTepaTypHoro TeK-
eTa nbeCLl c ee cueIlH4eCKHM BOfIJ10HleHHeM, }KeJIaTe"lbIlO
v
nOllTH BceM KJIaCCOM B Tearp, eCJIH eCTb TaKaSl D03MO>K-
HOCT b.
nOMHMO 3Toro ua Oll.IIOM 113 BJleKJlaCCHblX 3aHHTIIH XO-
pOIllO 03J1aKOMHTb YlIall.l.HXCH lie TOJIbKO co cu.eIIJ-PleCKofi
IiCTopHefl K01vfelIHl-I, HO paCCKa3aTb 0 cneKTaKoI1SIX, 06 8KTe..
pax.
BnepBble «PeBH30p», K3 K 113BeCTHO, OLI..JI nOCTaBJ1en B
anpe."e 1836 r. B AJICKCaHlI.pHHCI(OM TeaTpe B neTep6ypre;
rOrOJIb npl1l1HMa.n llenocpeIlcTBellHoe YllacTue B nOCTaHOBKe,
Ii Bce >l\e 011 OCiaJ1SI ne.HOBo.neH )rpOH aKTepoD, KOTopble,
B OCIIOBHOM, nOllOWJII1 K flbcce K3I{ K OObf1IJ10MY cpapcy 1.
B Mae 3Toro }I(e rOlIa «PeDH30p» 6b]JI nOCTaBJIeH B Ma-
J]OI TeaTpe, 11 B po.nH ropO.QHHlJerO BblcTynMJI 3HaMeHHTbIH
aKTep \. lUenKHH. H. rOrOJJb <Sbl." 8 BOCTopre OT era Hrpw
H npenOJlHeC eMY 3K3eMnJ1S1 p nepnoro H311aHHS1 «PeBH30pa»
C Ha.lI.nHCbJO. 3TOT 9J<3eMn.'JSlp ceHllac xpaHHTCH B rOCYJlap-
CTBellHOH OH6J1HOTel<e CCCP 11:\1. B. 11. JIeHHHa. nOlIapHJI
ero OHOJIHOTeKe K. C. CTaHl1c.lIaBCKHH.
C.nenYCT nOKa3aTb al<Rape.nbllbIH nopTpeT M. lllenKHH3
pa60Tbi A. JIoopOIJOJJ hCKoro, nOpTpeTbJ nepBblX Hcno.nHHTe..
1 r.tJapc - TeaTpaJIbHaH DLeca JlerKOrO, HrpODoro COJl.ep>l{aU1fH.
106

JlCff KOMel\nn: B. llaBhlJ1oBa, H. COCHHUKOrO, !V\. CaanHofl,
'\. Call.OllCKOrO H lip. PeKOMeH;J.yeM HCnOJIb30BaTb O<pOpT
B. 1!aHHJlOHOH H O. ,L{1HTpnCBa «foro.nb lfHTaeT «PCBll30pa»
5-ro Hon6pH 1851 rO.!la B 1\\ocKDe».
MHoro nOKOII"IeHHH aKTepOB BocnHTblBa.nOCb Ha rorOJIen..
"
CKO!i KOMeJJ.HH, 1\1Ho.rHe pe)KHCCepbl Tpal<TonaJIH nhecy 110-
CBoeMY. B 20-e rOll.bI pe>KHCCCp Be. lv\eilepXOJlb.lI. CTaBHT
«PcBIf30pa» H nepenOlI.HT ero H3 }Kanpa KOl\'lej\HH B >Kallp
Tpare,lIJIH. 3TO 6bIJI lIe «PCBH30p», a cKopee eueHI1QeCK3H
n03:\-la 0 POCCHI1. P aeCl<a3 YQliTe.'lH 0 nepBblx nOCTanOBK3 x
«PeBH30pa» c .IT.el\'JOIICTpHpoBallnef OTO, HJJJJIOCTpaUJlH,
nopTpcTon, lJTCHHe OTpbIBKOB M3 cTaTcH H. roro.fJSI 0 TeaTpe
}I{eJlaTeJIbHO elll.e pa3 YBH3aTb C BOIIpOCO1 0 rpOl\1aIlHOl\t
OUllJ,eCTBeHHor\'1 3HaqeHHlI «PeBH30pa», 0 B3r.fJH,llax H. foro-
Jl51 n3 TeaTp KaK Ha TpH6yny, C I{OTOPOH «10>KHO CI{a3aTb
,
'lHoro 1\1HPY JIoupa».
Ha CI0iKCT «PenH30pa» 6LUIO C03Jl.aIlO HCCKOJIbKO MY3bI-
KaJ1 bIILIX npOH3Be;I.eHHfi. B 1934 f. COBeTCKHH KO:\-lno3HTop
,Q. lIIBe.n.oB D.eJIaCT nepBYJO nonblTKY C031IaTh onepy '«PeBH"
30p». B 1957 r. lleJ\1cUKJfH KOMn03HTOp B. 3rK Tome nHweT
onepy «PeBH30p», KOTopaH OblJIa BnepBble nOCTaBJleHa D
IllneTlI.unreHe, B l3aJI.elIe, Ha OTKpbITHII MafICKoro 1Y3bI-
l<aJIbHOrO cpeCTIf Ba..'I SI. KOMn03HTOp HCnOJlb30BaJI Tpa.!lHUHOH"
HbIe onepHbIe cfJOPMbI, a pHH, pellHTaTHBbI H PYCCKHe Ha po.u.-
1I0-neCellHhle HHTOHaUHH. HHTepecna cueHa B3HTKH, noaH-
Han B <popl\-le rpOTeCKHOH naHTOl\-IH Mbl.
KOMe.l{HH «PeBH30p» BbI3Ba..'1a HHTepec H Y I{HllcrvlaTo-
rpa£pHCTOB. ,[lo peBO.TJIOUHH, B 1916 f., pe}l{HCCep B. CalliHH
3I<paHH3HpOBa,,' cneKTaKJlb MOCKOBCKoro MaJloro TeaTpa.
B 1933 r. QeXoc..'10Bau.KHH pe>KHCeep M. PHq 3KpaHH3Hpo"
DaJI KO1elUllO. B 1952 r. no cueHapHIO pemHccepa B. neT-
pOBa OblJI CHHT c1JH..'1bM c ytlacTHe:\-1 TaKHX aKTepOB, KaI{
3. rapHH, ID. TOJIy6eeB, M. SIHlliHH, I-I. fpH6on, 11. rop6a-
lien H .lI.p. npOCMOTpOM 3Toro <t>HJIbfa na BHeKJIaCCHO1 3a..
HSlTHH H peKoMeH.ayeM 3aKOIlQHTb H3YtJeHHe KOl'rle)lHH
«PeBH30p».
8-" KJlacc. CorJlacIIo npOrpal'rfl\fe, B 3TOM KJl3CCe nool'l-
HOCTbIO H3YQaeTCH 6HorpacpHS1 11. rOrOJIH. 03I1aKoM.rIeHHe
C HeM MO}f{HO HaqaTb C tlTelIHH CTHxoTBopellHH H. I-IcKpaeo..
Ba «DJIamCH He3.fJo6HBLIH n03T», HaIIHcaHlIoro B lteHb C1\-lep-
Tn I I. rOrOJIH, H 3aKOFlllHTb paCCKa30M 0 noxopOHax nHca..
reJISI, KOTopble BblJ1HJIHCb B lleMOHCTpaUHIO napo)(flofI
nlOOBH K Ii. foroJIlo.
G*
101

H. HeKpaCOB C03nan B CTHXOTBOpeHHH 06pa3 n03Ta-06..
J1Htu'l're.rIH, KOTOPhl" nI06H.1I - HeHaBlIllH»:
HeT n0ll18n.hl y CY.!lbOL1
TCMY. qefl oJIaropoJ'lHhlf, reHuiJ
CTa..'] 06..1H4HTeJleM TO.'1nbI,
Ee cTpacTeH H 3a6nYJK!leHufi.
nHT8fl neH8BIlCTbi0 rpYllb,
YCTa 800PYil\HB C8TllpOH,
npOXOJJ.HT OH Tl'pHIICTbJil IIYTb
C c80efJ Ka palOw.CIO nHpofl.
Co Bcex CTOpOH ero KJI5IIIYT.
if, TOJlbKO Tpyn ero YBH.llH.
KaK Mlloro CAc..1aJl OH, 1l0i1MYT,
11 KaK JlJ06HJJ 011,- HeHaBU!lfll l
Tal<oe BCTyn.neIlHe, nOCTpoellHoe H3 3MOu.nOlla. 1 1bHoil
OCHOBC, .llO..TJJKllO 3aXBaTIITb YlJalllHXCH, npHB.neIIb HX 131111 M a-
HHe, BbI3BaTb lIHTepeC K rOf0J110-QeJIOnel<Y, foroJ1lo -nnca-
TeJlIO.
CBe.aeHHH 0 p8HHe1\1 ,u.eTCTBe nHCaTeJIH OlleHb CKY.!1 Hbl .
113necTHo, qTO HB npOTSJ}KeHHH nOCbMH.n.eC5ITH JIeT YlleHhIC,
,,1HTepaTopbI He MornH onpeJI.eJlHTb TOqHYIO .n.aTY pO}K)I.eHHH
nHCaTeJIH. PO.l1BJICH rOrO.,1Jb B ceJle COpOLJHHuaX, paHHee JleT"
CTBO npOBeJI B He6oJlbWOM J1feHHH BaCHJ1bCDKB MHpropo.n-
CKoro ye311a nOJlTaBCKOH ry6eplIHH. Oreu I1HCaTeJISl OLJeHb
JIlo6HJI H lleHHJI JlHTepaTYPY, TeaTp, cal\{ COqHIlH..'1 KOle,llHH
(<<0 pOCTal\»)  n pOHH3aHllble My.n.pLIl\1 Ha pO.l1IIbIM 10 MOpOl\'I,
H CYMeJl npUOUTb 3TY JII060Bb H CbIHY.
YtIHTeJlb, paCCK33bJB3H 06 YLJe6e roroJ1SJ B HC>KHHCKOA
fHl\ll1a3lfH BbJCUJIiX HaYK, nOKa)KeT OTO 3Toro 3JI.aI-IHSI. CeH-
tlaC 3tleCb pa3MelllaeTcH I-Ie>KHflcKHH ne.l1arOr}iIeCKHH HJICTH-
TYT HM. H. B. fOrOJlH. Heo6xollHMO OT1vleTHTb JIlo6oDb 6y-
.n.Ylllero nHCaTCJ151 K KHHre. By,nytlH rHM1I33HCTOl\I, 011 0633-
DO.!J.HTCH «no.n.pYQHO(1 9HlI.uKJIOneAueH» no THny 3anHCHOI1
KHH>KKH nHcaTenfl, yrep.u.HO 3aHHMaeTCH H3YlfeHHeM n033H!1
B. )KYKOBCKoro, A. nYIllKHII8, H.-B. feTe, <1>. llIHJlJlepa.
rOrOJ1H BJletIeT >KHBOnHCb, C KOTOpOH 011 He paCCTaeTCH BCIO
}({H3Hb. Y>Ke B fHMIIa3HH OH C0311aeT c3Afble pa31lo06pa3Hble
PHCYI-IKH apXHTeKTypHblX aIlCBMOJleH, nopTpeTLI, neA3a>KH.
PeKOMellJ1:yeM HCnOJIb30B3Tb lIa ypOKax lIeI<OTopbIe 83 HUX:
«CeJlbCKHH nrH38m», «nOp-rpeT ceCTpbl». B neTepoypre OH
I H. A. H e K pac 0 B. COIJUHeUHe 8 3.x TOM ax. T. 1, .t\1.., focnHT-
H3Aar, 1953, CTp. 90.
108

lleJJaer tJepnOBOH HaupocoT< nopTpeTa A. nynI1<Hua. By.!lY-
1ll.ilH nHcaTeJ1b HIITepecyeTcSI HCTopHeH, H3pO,llHbll'vtH lIeCIIS1-
1\-IH, CKB31{aMII Ii npe,llaHI1S1MH, HaKOHeLl, H3BeCTHa era
npMBSl3aHIJOCTb K TeaTpy.
B rHMHa3HH BbTnYCKaJIHCb PYKonHCHble >KypHaJIbl, r,lJ.e
ny6JIHI\OBaJIHCb nepBbIe .nHTcpaTYPJible onbITbl H. roro.nSl:
ero CaTMpHqeCKHe nbCCbI, CTHXH, HCTOpHqeCKHe II09Mbl, 3nH"
rpaMMbl; nOlVlellI.a.,lHCI1 pell.ell3HH Ha HCnOJIHellHe meCTHa.n.ua"
TH.neTHIIl\f H. fOrOJIeM KOMHqeCKHX poe/,eft Ha rHMHa3HlIeCKOH
cu.ene. Y}Ke B TO Bpe1\-tH rOfOJIb npenocxo,nHO HrpaJI Ha Clle-
He H l\1eqT3JI CTaTb npoeCCI10H3.,'Ol\1-aKTepOl\1.
Heo6xo,lJ.HMO Hl\teTb B BH,lJ.Y H TO, qTO Ylfeoa rorO.'1H B
IIe}KHue npoXOJIHJI a B rO.llbI .l1DHmeHHH ,lJ.eKa6pHcToB.
IO>KHoe o6IIecTBo IIa YKpaHHe He tOrwl0 He OK'a3aTb
nporpeCCHBHoro BJIHHHHSI Ha YMbI peBOJIIOUHOHHO nacTpoeH-
nOM qaCTH llBOpHHCKOlI H pa3HollHHHOH HHTeJ1J1HreHUHH, cpe..
JI.H KOTOpbIX OKa3a,TIHCb ueKoTopble npocpeccopa H npeno,lla-
BaTeJIH He>KHHCI{OH rH1\fHa3MH. BoccTaHHe 4epHHfoBcKoro
nOJIK8 (lIe,lla.neKo OT He}l{HHa) B ncpHo.u ,lJ.eKa6pbcKHX co-
6bITHH Bbl3BaJIO HHTepec K nO.,lHTH1JeCKOH >KH3HH CTpaHbl He
TOJIbKO y npenOJI.3BaTeJIeH He>KHHCKOH rHIHa3HH, HO H Y ee
BocnHTaIlHHKOB.
fpynne npocpeccopOB (cpe,llH HHX 6bIJI caMblH J1100HMb1H
npoq,eccop rOrOJIH H. EeJl0YCOB) 6bIJIO npe.ll"bHBJleHO 06BH"
HeHHe B pacnpOCTpaHellHH HcyrO.llHbIX caMO,lJ.ep*aBHO.I<pe-
nOCTHH1JeCKOH BJ1aCTH Mblc.neI, «MorYIIJ.HX nOCeJIHTb BOJ1bHO-
.llYMCTBO» cpe,lJ.H BocnHTaHHHKOB. Hx 06BHHHJIH B pa3pYlueHlfll
60>KbeH Bepbl, OJlar01ICCTHSI, B npH3bIBax K u.a pey6HHCTBY,
pacnpocTpaHCHHH CTHXOB A. DYllIKBH8 (O,lJ.bI «BOJ1bHOCTb»),
K. PblJIeeBa. TaK B03HHKJIO «)I.eJIO 0 BOJIbHO,lJ.YMCTBe».
no 3TOr..fY Donpocy Bbl3bIBaJIH H3 JJ.onpoc CTaplllHX fHM"
Ha3HCTOB, B TOM 1Jnc.ne Ii foroJlSl, YtIeHHKa 9-fO KJIaCCa,
nOKa33HHH KOToporo fOBOpHT 0 CTpeMJIEHIHH «DbIrOp0,llHTb»,
«He BbI,aaBaTb» CBoero JIIo6Hloro npo4>eccopa, OTHorneHue
K KOTOPOMY H. fOrOJ1b lie H3MCHHJI JI.o KOHua >KH3HH.
BeccnopHO, JIeKu.HH npocpeccopa IOpH,llH1JeCI<HX HaYK
Ii. BenoycoBa no eCTecTBeHHoMY npaoy OKaJanH nporpec-
CHBHoe BJIHHHHe na MHpoBo33peHHe Ii. roro.,'1H. Du 9TOM ro..
IlOpHT ero nHCbMO K pO,llCTBeIlIlHKY, B KOTOpOM H. fOrOJIb
nHllleT 0 CBoeM 6Y.llYlli-eH ,lI,eHTeJ1bIlOCTH nOCJIe OI{OHlIaHHSI
HC>KHHCKOH rHMBa3HH: «51 nepee5Hpa..'1 B YMe nce COCTO}].
HUH, Bee ,llon>KHOCTH B rOCY.l1apCTSe H OCTaIlOBtI..1CH 118 a,a,.
HOI. I-Ia (OCTHUHH... HenpanOCY.l1He, BeJIHqaHrnee B CDere
109

neCqaCThe, 60.TJee BCerO pa3pbTDaJIO Moe cep!1ue. 51 nOK.TJS1.'1-
u 0
CSI HIi O,QHOH MlfHYTbl >KH3HH CBoeH He YTepHTb, He ClJ.e.TJ a H
6.nara. J1Ba rO,lla SaHHMaJICH H nOCTOHHHO ll3Y'tJeHHe1\f npaB
JI.pyrHx HapO.!lOB H eCTeCTBeUHbIX. KaI{ OCIIOBHbIX JIJIH Bcex,
aaI{OHOB, Tenepb 3aHH!vlaJOCb OTeqeCTBeHHhIMH. HcnOlHHTCH
.'111 DbICOJ<ue !vIOll HatlCpTaHHH?.» 1 STOT OTpbIBOK paCI{pLI-
BaeT 60.,1bUJYIO rpa>K,lJ,alICKYIO OTneTCTBCHHOCTb IOHOIlIU- 1'0-
rOJlH ncpe)J. 06weCTBOM. rOrOJIb CTpeMMTCSl 6hITb n0J1e3HhlJ\.1
eBoeM pOJI.HUe, 06meCTBY. lqIiTe..'1b .aOol'l:tKeH KpaTI{O paCCKa-
3aTb 0 HaqaJIe JIHTepaTYPllOH lleHTe.'1bHOCTlI rOrOJISI B ne-
Tep6ypre, Ha3BaTb nepBYIO I<HHry nMCaTeJIH «Be4epa Ha
XYTope U.J1H3 ,QMKaHbKH», C KOTOpOH OOblQHO BOCbfHKJIaCCHH-
){H Y}Ke 3H8KOMbl, paCCKa38Tb 0 TOM BOCTOp>KCHHOI1 oueHKc,
KOTOpylO ,n:aJ1H 3TOMY COOPHHI{Y A. nYUll{HH H B. Be.'1MIlCI{I1H.
Ho, paOOTaH lIal1 KHMraIH, H. rOrOJIb He 3a6blBaeT )I{H-
BonHCb H TeaTp. Oll CTaHOBMTCSI BOJIbHOC.'1ywaTeJIef AKa-
.ner.1MH xy,n:O}KeCTB, nHllIeT CTaTbH 0 }I{I1BOnHCH. P aCCKa3blBafl
o neTep6yprcKoI nepHO.lle B }I{H3HH nHcaTe.'1S1, YQHTeJIb
,lI,Cl\10HCTpHpyeT nopTpeT pa60TbI H. rOplOHOBa (1835 r.)
«1-1. B. rOrOJIb B neTep6ypre» PllCYHKH ,Lt. J(a P.llOBCKOro
«HeBcKHH npOCnel{T».
3arel\'1 YQHTeJIb Ha3bTBaeT Bce KpynHefIwHe npoH3Be)I.eHJlH
nUCaTe,J151, B TOl\'1 tIHCJ1e II n09fY «lv\epTBble ,llyrnn».
H3YQaSl >Kfi3Hb H TBOpqeCTBO H. foroJISI, yqan(HeCH ,llo..'1>K-
HbI 03HaKOl\iHTbCSI C KpaTKoH xapaKTepllcTHKOH 30-40-x ro-
OB XIX BCKa. B 9TO BpeMSI YCHJIllBaeTCH RpenOCTHHQCCKaH
peaKQHH, lIacTynHBw8S1 noc.TJe pa3rpOM3 JleKa6pMCTOB 2. [vla-
J1eHlllHe n pOSI BJIeHJi SI CBOOO.lJ.O lbICJI Ii SI npec.'1 ellYIOTC5I, CBH-
pencTDyeT UCH3ypa t 3anpeIIJ.aIOTC5I .lla)KC Dblpa>KeHll)1
«e.lI.I1HCTBO Hapo.n.a», «,llBI1)I{CHHe BeKa Bnepe,ll», «cBo6o.ll.a}>
II T. Il. BblJIO 6bI XOpOlllO IJpl1BeCTH npHlep 0 TOr.f, na KaKne
ueIl3ypHblC npcnHTCTBHSI HaTOJIKHYJIOCb onYOJIHKOBaHHe I{HH-
rH «MepTBbIe ,llYWH». no CJIOB3M caMoro rOrOJIH, OJIHH H3
U.CH30pOB, yc,TJbIWaB Ha3Balll1e pYKonnCH, 331<pH4aJI ro.nD-
COl\ol .n.pCBHcro pHl\fJlSlHltHa: «HeT, 3Toro 51 HHKOr)I.a He 1103-
DOJIIO: ,llywa ObIBaCT 6CCCMepTHa; lepTBOH .llyrnH He IVIO}{{eT
UblTb; aBTOp BoopY>KaeTCSI npOTHB 6eCCf\fepTbSl» 3.
I H. B. r 0 r 0 n b. Co6palllJe CO'lHHeHHit B 6-TH TOM3X. T. 6. M.,
f.-IXJ!, ) Q'j9, CTfJ. 273. .
2 B. E p M II ..'1 0 n. 1-1. B. roro.T1h. 1., «ConeTCI0IH nnC8Te.T!bY>, 1953.
8 1-1. B. r 0 r 0 n b. Co6pallJlc CO'IIIHCHllii 8 6-TH TO:\HI'C. T. 6, M.It
rl,IX.,T], 19S9, CTp. 352.
110

YtfHTeJIb, XapaKTepM3YSJ OOrneCTBeHHYJO >KH3Hb 3TOrO
nepHOlla, JI.OJI>KeH nO)tqepKHYTb, qTO, HeCMOTpSl Ha Bce npe..
rpa,lI.bl H npHTeCHeHHSI, 3pC.TJH HOBbIe peBOJIIOlI.HOIIHbIe CHJlbI,
pa3BHBaJIHCb JlHTepaTypa, HCKYCCTBO, HaCbIIU.eHHbIe H,lIeSlJ\.13
CBo6ou H cnpaBenHBOCTH. 3TH nporpeCCHBHe BeHHbSl B
JIHTep3Type Obit/1M CB513aHhl C HleHal\1H l\.. nYlllKHIIa, B. Be-
JIHHCKOro, M. .nep10HTOBa, A. rpHooe.rtOB3, A. fepueHa,
H. rOrOJIH H HCoTJ;l.e'1HMbl OT CT3nOBJIeHHSI pe311'1H3Ma. 1130-
6p33MTe.fJhHOe I1CKYCCTBO STOH nopbl XOTH B lIeKOTopOH CTe-
nCHU H OTCT3B3.TJO OT JIHTepaTypbI (QTO OT1'rte t IaJI B. BenHH-
CRH"), HO pa3BHTHe ero 1lIJ10 n CTOPOHY peaJIliCTutJeCKoro
OTp3}1{eHHH >KH3HH. OrpOl\lHOe B.TJHSlHHe OI<a33..TJ H. fo-
rO.7Ib, npOH3Be)teHHH KOToporo nOl\10raJIH p33BHTHI0 H YKpen-
JIelIl1IO pealH3Ma B H306pa3HTe.HhHoM HCKYCCTBe, B nepByIO
01lepel1b B TBOp1JeCTBe A. HBaHoBa, n. cI>e)J.oToBa, A. ArHHa,
n. DOKJIeBCI{Oro.
HH O)J.MH H3 PYCCKHX nHC3TeJIeM Toro BpelellH HC
ObI.n T3K OJlIi3KO CDSl3aH C H306pa3HTe"T}bHblf HCKYCCTBO:\1,
KaK H. rOrOJIb. 9TO np051BJlJIOCb H D JIHtlllOH 6JIH30CTH
nHCaTeJIH co l'vfHOfHfvIH BbT)J.alOlI{H\fHCSJ XYllO)J(HHJ{aMH era
BpeMeHH, H n TOM, qTO OH B CBOHX npoH3BeeHHHX qaCTO
C03aBa.'1 OOp33b1 XY110)KHHKOB (<<I IeBcKHfI npocnel<T»,
«nOpTpeT») ; HaKOHe, B era KpHTHKO-JTHTepaTypHbIX
CT3TbS1X.
Do.l1bwaSl .lI.PY>K03 CBH3blBaJIa I-I. rOrOJ1H C K. Bplo..'IJIo"
Bbll\11 H B oco6eHHOCTH C A. HBaHoBblf - JlBYMS1 BbI113IOIUH-
MHCSI XY.lI.O>KHlIl(alVIH ncpBoH nOJIOBlfHbI XIX BeKa. nnCaTeJIb
OT03BaJICSI BOcTopJKeJlIlOH cTaTbeH no nono.n.y l{apTl1lIbI
1<. BplOJIJlOB3 «nOCJIe,l{Hlllf .lI.eHb nOMneH». MomHo nOKa-
aaTb penpO.lI.YKnnJO C KapTHHbI.
DOtl1bUIOil HHTepec npOHBJIHJI roroJ1b I{ Hapo)J.HoH neCHe,
apxHTeKTypc t TeaTpy. I3 ero nHCbMax, CneIJ.HaJIbHblX CTaTbHX,
H3npJl:Mep «TIeTep6yprcKHe a3nHCKJJ 1834 ro,n,a», eCTb l\fllOrO
BblCKa3blBaHHH 0 .lI.p31aTyprI1H H TcaTpe.
)l(HBH B neTcpoypre, rOrOJIb 06pamaeTcSI K >KH3HH YK-
paHHbI, K ee neCIlSlf, !lYl\-fa:\1J t .TJereH.lI.8l\1, H nocrcneHHO 8 TBOp-
qeCKOM Boo6paiKeHHH anTopa CKJIal1bIBaeTCH JlOBblii 33-
l\lblCeJI. TaK pOlIHJIaCb cepHH nOBeCTeH «I3eQepa lIa XYTOPC
6lH3 ,[lHKaHbKH» (1831-1832 rr.).
BbIXO.l1S1T COOpHHKH «lvlHpropo.n.»t «Apa6ecKH», yme OTJIH-
1I31O!!tHecSI OT «Bet!epoB». C rOpbI(OH YCMelllKoii paccK33bI-
DaeT H. rOrOJIb 00 Y3!{Ottf MHpKC «CTa pOCBeTCKHX nOf.feWJI"
KOR», 0 HHtITO}KHbIX ccop ax 06bIBaTeJ1eii.
111

B roJI. DLIXO,U.a 9THX C60pHHKOB B )KypHaJIC «TeJIccl<on»
nOSIDJIHCTCn CraTbSl B. OeJlHHCKOrO «0 PYCCKOH nOneCTH II
nOBeCTSIX fOrOJlH»t B KOTOpOH Be.HHKUH KPHTHK nOK338JI DCJO
MOll(b rorOJlCnCI<oro peaJIH3M a J1 rOrOJIeBCKOH caM06bITHOCTH,
lI.8JI K.TIaCCHQeCI<YIO xapaKTepHCTI1KY TBoplleCTB8 H. rOrOJIH.
Bc..'Ie.1I. 33 CTaTbeH B. DCJ1UIICKOro B >KypHaJIe «COBpe-
l\.1eHHHK» nOHBJIneTCSI CTaTbSI A. nYlliKHII8 0 nODeCTHX H. fo..
rOJI. BCJIHKHii n09T nOCTopLKeIlIIO OT03BaJICSI 0 Ta.naHTC
H. rOrOJISI, OTMeTHB ero XY.l].O)KeCTDCIIlIoe cDoeoGpa3He
«...Bce npOllJIH «CTapOCBeTCKHX nOJ\.telllHKOB», 3TY rnYTJIH"
BYIO t TpOraTeJIbHyro H,U.H.TJ.TJHIO, KOTopaH 3aCT3BJIHCr B8C
Cl\1CHTbCSI CKB03b CJIe3bI rpYCTH H YJ\1n..1JeHHSI» ].
B 3TH me rOllbi 3aBSl3bIBaeTCH JlHqHaSi JlPY>Koa H. fo-
rO.,1H C A. fIyrnKHHbIl\1 H B. )l(YKODCKHl\f. PeKOMeHJI.yeM no-
K33aTb yqal..U.HJ\fCH penpO,U.YKIlJIH C KapTHH M. K.rJO)J.Ta «OYUI"
KHH y rorO.TJSI», A. MOI<pHUKoro «Cy66oTbI y )KYKODCKoro»,
PHCYHOK 5. JIe6e.n.eBa «H. B. roro..lIb H B. f. OeJIHIICKHH».
H. fOrOJIb He)J.OJIrO CJ1Y>KHT B OllHOM H3 rOC.lI.en3pTalcII-
TOB neTep6ypra, BCKope, 6pOCHB c.,'1Y>K0Y, 011 ue..TJHKOM no..
CBHLQaeT CCOH .TJHTepaType. P a60Ta B qHHOBHHqbeM anna pa..
Te Cal\.IOllepmaBHoro rocYlI.apCTBa OlUI3KO He npOlliJI8 ,!I.apOl\1
)J.JISI HaG..'IIO)J.aTeJIblIOrO nHCaTeJISI. HaKanJIHBaol1HCb >KH3Hcn..
I1ble BnellaT.JIeHHSI, oueHKU cyw.eCTBYIOIIJJfX 'nOpH.lI-KOBt H Bce
3TO Balli.no OTp3>KeHHe B ero «OeTep6yprCI{HX noneCTSlX»,
na.1I. KOTOpbIMH 011 pa60T8Jl Ha npOTH>KeHHH MHorHX JIeT.
lllHTe.'Ib nO.lllfepKHeT, lITO otSl..U.eH )J.JISI Bcex nOBeCTeH SlB-
.r15IeTCSI Tel\-I3: H306pa:>l{CHHC >KH3HH nCTep6yprcKoiI 6eLllIOTbI.
11 onHTb 3!tCCb CHJ1bIJO OIUYTHMa T8 oco6eHHOCTb TBOpllCCT-
oa H. foro.JISI, 0 KOTOpOH ynoMHH3.'1H A. nYU]J{HH H B. Be..
JI HHCKHii. 3TO rOrOJICDCI(H.1 CMex - «CMex CI{B03b C.TIC3hI»,
BbICOKliH rYMaHH3I\1 nHCaTeiJH. IiaHoo.nee SlPI{Hli npHJ\.lep 9TO-
!\IY nooeCTb «IlIHlIeJIb». B 0630pnoH JIeKHH 0 TBOptleCTDe
nHC3Te.'1S1 :iKCJ1aTeJlbHO Ha Heft oo..TJbIlle OCTaIJOBHTbCSI. OpH
9TOl\f l\'IO}KIIO HcrrO.,'1b30DaTb HJIJIIOCTpal.lHH LL. KapllonCKorO t
o. I(ycTo)J.neB8, KYI<pbIHHKCOD, opraIlH30DaTb .n.eMOHCTpa"
Ulno KHHO(PH..'Ibl\la «lllHHeJIb».
B 1836 r. Ha cu.eHe AwTJel<c8H.lI.pJlHCKOrO TeaTpa B DeTcp-
oypre nnepBbIe 6bIJ1a nOCTaBJleHa KO:\-JC!tHS1 1-1. fOrOJlH «Pe-
BH30p» Ii o)J.HoDper\'IelllIo HanellaTana OT )J.e..TJbHbll\.1 H3,U.8 HHeM.
1 A. c. n y W 1< n II. nO..1noe coupaHHe COt)JfHeUIIfl n IO-TIt TOM3X.
T. 10, l\L. 113,'[-BO AH CCCP, 1958, CTp. 345.
112

I(OMeJI.HSI lleT3..TJbTJO paCCMaTpHBaTJaCb n 7..rvt K7]aCCe, n09TO-
MY CeHqaC nMCCTe C YQall\HMl1C5I MOJKHO KpaTKO BCnOMIII1Tb
v
or,ae",1bHble Ba}KIIblC MOMeHTbI }1C'TOpHH ee C03JI.aHHSI, H)1eM"
HYIO nanpaB_1eHHOCTb KOMeIlHH, ee repoeB.
npH H3YQeHHH 6Horpa$HM nHcaTenSl cne.n.yeT nOKa3aTb
.lI.Ha<pHnbMbI «foro.JIb M YKp3 Hua», npO!l.eMOHCTpHponaTb
nopTpeTbI H. roronS} (no BbI60py YQHTe..TJH), C03D.aBaBIllHeCH
B pa3Hoe BpeMH pa3HljlMH xy.n.0)KHHK31\fH: A. BelleUJlaHoBblM
H 1834 r.; A. HBaIlOBbIl'it B 184) H 1847 rr., B. TponHHHIIbIM
II T. IllenQcHKo OKO.1I0 1840 r. n XO)I.e paccKa3a 1\10>KHO no..
Ka3aTb nopTpcTbl cOBpeMeHHHKoB, 3aHHl\faBlllHX 60JIbWOe
h-feCTO B )KH3HH H. rorOJIfi (A. rIYIlIKHHa, B. OeJIHHCKOro,
J\.\. IUenKHHa, A. HnRHoBa, K. 5pI0J1JIOBa), 03H3I(OiMTb yqe..
HHKOB C HX nOCn01\1HHaIlHHMH 0 H. foro.ne (C:. AKCal{OBa,
1-'1. TypreHeBa, H. OaHaeBa).
nHcaTe.,'1b 6bIBaJI 33 rpaHUu.eH, OC06eHIIO JII06M..TJ HTa..
JIJHO, r;r.e nOObIBa.'1 llIeCTb pa3 B nepHO,lJ. C 1837 no 1848 rr.
H npO}J{H.TJ Ta1 B o6Ill.e Ctl10JKHOCTH nHTb TJeT. 3Llecb OIl
BCTpeqanCH C PYCCI{HM XY,lJ.O>KIIMI{OM <1>. BpynH, nOttpY>KHJICSI
C A. I1BalIOBLI1\1, B Kpyry XY.llO>KIIHKOB tlMT3JI CDOH npoH3Be-
.lI.eHHSI, B QaCTHOCTH «PeBH30pa». B PH1\1e BCTpeqa..'1cH C
B. )l(YKOBCKHM, KOTOpbll1 ,nBa>K,lI.bl ero HapHcoBa..TJ, a <P. Bpy-
HH C,!leJIaJI map>K na H. foro..'IH. CalvI nHCaTeJIb B PUMe C
ynJIelleHHeM 3aHliMa.TJCST >KUBOTIHCbIO, COXpaHHJIHCb ero pnh-f"
CKHe neH3a)J{I1. TaM H 33CTa..'Ia era BeCTb 0 TparHqeCKOH rH"
6eJIH A. DYIliKHIIa. B O)I.HOrvf II3 llHceM Ha pO.ll.HHY OH
c 60JIbllIOH JII06oBbIO nHcan 0 n03Te: «...MoH >KH3Hb, Moe
BbIcmee HaC.TJ aJK.llCHHe Y:\-tep.'1o C lIIi M... Kor)l.a 51 TBOpHJI, 
DH,!leJI nepc)l. C060H TOJIbKO DYllII<HHa... MHe J1.0poro 6b1JIO
ero BeqHOe Ii Henpe.,'10>KHOe ClIOBO... Bce, qTO eCTb Y 1eHSI
xopomero, Bce:vt 3TI11\-1 51 06H33n eMY... 51 TellIHn ceoSi
l\ibIC..TJbIO, KaK 6YJJ.eT .lI.0BO.J"";eU OH, yraJI.bIBaJI, QTO 6YlI.eT Hpa..
BHTbCSI eAiY, H 3TO ObI..JIO foelO BblcmeJO Ii nepBOIO narpa-
]I.OIO... Tenepb 3TOH H a rpa.D.bl Her nnepe)J:H! 4TO TPY,lI. l\.IOH?
lITO Tenepb >KH3I1b MO?» J
3a rpaHlfueH H. B. rOrOJlb ycn.neIIlIO pa60Ta.n Ha,.l1. n09"
rvlOIf «MepTBbIe JI.YUIH», KOTOpa5I BbIIJ1.TI a D CBeT D 1842 r.
llIMpoKaSl 06JIHqHTeJIbH3S1 l\apTHl1a qJCO,.T{a.nbHo-KpenocTHH"
qeCKOH POCCMH, 6ecnoIla,a.HocTb caTlIpbl npOH3BeJI.eIlHST
1 B. B. r 0 r 0 .YJ b. CoopaHUC' COt[nIlCI1nU n 6-TH TOI\IX. T. 6, M.,
rl1X.Tl t ] 9;)9, CTp. :349.
113

«nOTp5ICJIH BCIO POCCHIO»; no BbTpa>KeHIfIO A. repneHa. Bblco"
KYIO oueHI<Y npoIi3BceHHIO ,lJ.aJIH B. DeJIHHCKHH H Bce
nporpeCCHBHble COBpeMenlIHKH I-I. rOrOJIfl.
nOCKO.;1bI<Y C «1V\epTBbIl\11H ,l{YIllaMH» ytlaInHeCH 03H8KO-
l\.fHTCH n03}KC, B 0630pe l\-10>KHO He .llaBaTb nO.lI.p06nOH
xapaKTepHCTMKH npOH3Be.n.eHHH. 3HaKOMCTBO C >KH3HblO II
TBOpqeCTBOM nHcaTe.'lH l\IO}KHO 3aKOHtJHTb paCCKa30M 0 ero
rrpOH3Be.u.CHHI1 «Bbl6pallllbIe l'tfeCT8 113 nepenHCKH C JlPY3bSl-
1\-lH». HanHcaHHOJ\1 Y>Ke B rOJI.bl KorJta H. rOrOJIb npHl\'1KHYJI
K CHJI a M pea KLUili.
KaK H3BeCTHO, KHHra Bbl3BaJIa HerO,ltYIOII{HH npOTeCT B
cpeJle nporpeCCHBHblX JIIOJJ.eH Toro BpervleHH H 3aCTaBHJIa
B. BeJIHHCKOro BwcTynHTb C KpHTHlIeCKOH CTaTbeH B «Co-
BpeMeHHlu<e», a 3aTeM oopaTHThCSI I{ foroJ1Jo C H.3BeCTHblM
nHCbl\-10M, KOTopoe nOJlp06HO H3yqaeTCSI B Te{e «B. f. Be-
JII1HCKHI1. JIHTepaTYPHo-KpI1TI1IIeCKHe CTaTbU».
CYlllHOCTb .u.YXOBIIOH JJ.paJ\.fbl H. fOrOJIH aaKJIIOqa.'1aCb B
TOl'v1, lITO B nOHCJ<ax nOJIO>KHTeJIbHOrO repOH OH B CBOHX «Bbl-
OpaHl-lbIX l\'1eCTax...» CTaHOBHTCSI Ha nYTb npOnOBe.ll.H pe.,;rIHrH-
03HO-HpaBCTBeIlIIoro COBepllleHCTBOBaHHH JIHQHOCTH, 6JIaro-
CJ10BCHI1H ca MO,llep>KaBHO-KpenOCTHHqeCKOrO nOpHJlKa. OH
rrbIT3.'lCH nOl\feIIJ.HqHH, qHHOBHHqUH MHp C,l{eJIaTb HCTHHHblM
npH nOMOlllH HpaBCTBeHlIoro HCnpaBJIeHH 11 Hatlan 3alll.H-
maTb TO. lITO calvI me OTpHna;I H DbICMeHBaJI B CBOHX KpHTU-
qeCKHX npOH3Be.n.eHHHx. C OOJIblO H OT1JaHHHeM OH qYBCTBO-
B8.11, qTO rOBopHT He 0 TOM, c5 lIeM XOqeT, HO HaRTH HCTHH-
IIbIC nYTH H3MeneHHH PYCCKOH .u.eHCTBHTeJ1bHOCTI1 OH He CMor
H lIe CYMeJI. Ha,llo paCCI<a3aTb yqaIll-HMCH H 0 TOM, qTO Ha
nHcaTcne CKa3anOCb BJIHHHHC ero .lI.pY3eA H3 peaKUHOHHoro
JIarcpH. OHH npen5JTCTBOBaJIH C6JIH}KeIlHIO H. rOrOJIH C PC-
BO..rJIOUI10JIJlO-JJ.eMOKpaTHqeCKH JIarepeM, BO rJI8Be KOTOpO-
fO CT05IJI B. BeJIJlHCKHH.
4T06bI <paKTbI, rODOpHllI.lie 0 JlYXOBijOH n.paMe H. rOrOJlS1,
OLI.JlH UOJIt::e y6eJI.HTeJIbHbI, >KeJIaTeJlbHO Ilpl1BeCTH BOCb-
MHI{JI aCCHHI<3M BblLlCpJKKH 113 «BbI6paHHbIX MeCT», B
qaCTlIOCTH 1i3 CTaTeH «0 J1UpH3Me nalllHX n03TOB», «0 Te-
2Tpe».
3 aKaHqHBaH 0630Pt YQHTeJIb eIUe pa3 CKa>KeT 0 Henpexo-
.!lHlll.eIvI 3HaqeHHH TBOpqeCTBa roroJ]fI B PYCCKOH "TJHTepaType,
u
n pH Be.l1 eT B hi C I( a 3 bl B a H II H P e B Ol110 un 0 H I 0 - !I. e AI OK paT H q ec K 0 H
KPI1TllI{JI H KJI aCCliKOB 1\.1 a pKCH3l\1a -JIeHHHH3l\1a.
I)eKoMcIlyeM nOJ<a3HTb 4>OTO: JJ.01\f Ha HHKHTCKOM 6YJ1b-
nape B 1\\OCJ{ne, r}!e >I<H.11 nOCJIeJ{Hee BpeMH " YMep nHca..
114

TC.'1b; cpOTO nOCJ\1epTHOA MaCKH H. rOrOJIH, CHTOii II. Pa..
l\1a3aHOBbIt B qJeBpav1e 1852 r.; PHCYHOK C lIaTypbl B. EJIeHe-
na «I-I. B. rOrOJIb Ha cMepTHoM oJ1pe»; <pOTO HOBoro naMSIT"
HHKa, YCTallOBJIeHHOrO Ha HOBO.ll.eBHqbeM KJI a.ll.6HIlle B
MOCKBC (paooT8 cKYJIbnTOpa H. TOMcKoro). Ilpoli3BeJJ.e"
HHH rOrOJIH ObIJIH HCTOIIHHKOM ,QJIH TBOp'ieCKHX B.llOXHOBeHHi'1
He TO..rIbKO xy AOLKHliKOB..conpel\iCHHHKOB nnCaTeJIH, 110 H no-
C1e.llYlOIUHX IIOI{OJ1fiHH. Ha OCHone rorO..'1eBCI{HX «Be1IepOB»
TaKHe J<Ol\1II03HTOpbI, KaK Il. 4aHKOBCKlfH, H. PHMCKHH-Kop"
Cal{OB, 1\-1. lvlycoprcKHH C03.lI.aJIH onepbI «lIepeBUQKH», «Mail"
CRaH HOQb», «I-Ioqb nepeJl pOLK.lI.eCTBof», «COPOQHHCKaH
pMapKa». COBeTcKHH KOMno3HTop ,lJ.. llIocTaKoBIPI B 30"e
rOl1bI nanucaJI onepy «Hoc» no O,llIlOHMeHHoH nOBeCTH nH"
caTe..'1H. 3aleqaTe.'1bHbIe HJIJIIOCTpaUHH, PHCYHKH K npoH3Be"
,lI.eHHHI\'I H. rOrOJIH C03JJ.3JIH PyccKHe XY,lI,O}KHHKH A. ArHII,
Il. DOI<.ncRcKliH, n. COKOa/10B, A. HBaHoB, T. llleBqeHKo,
K. TpYTOBCI{UH, 1. PenHH, C. HBaHoB, B. 1aKOBCI{H",
A. KYHHlJ)KI1, 1'1. Kpal'rfCKOM, H. n pHHHlllHHl{OB, M. KJI O,lI,T ,
E. KycTO,llHeB, B. CCPOB, COBeTCI{He XYJJ.O>KHHKIl E. KH6pHK,
A. repacHMoB, A. IlJI8CTOB, A. JIanTeB, KYKPbIHHKCbI,
A. KOHCTaHTI1J10BCKHH.
He TOJIbl{O npOH3BeJ(eI-lHH, HO Ii o6pa3 caMoro nHCaTeJIH
BtIOXHOB.TJHoI'I fHorHX XytIO>KHHKOB. 0 nopTpeTax H. B. foro..
..'151 Y)f{e rOBOpHJIOCb, Tenepb >KeJIaTeJIbHO Ha3B3Tb H1\1ena
CKY.TJbnTOpOB, 3anellaTneBlllHX o6pa3 BeJIHKOrO nHCaTeJISI.
aTO P. Eax, H. AIIJ1.peeB, M. MaHH3ep, Ii. rrOMCKHH.
npHcTynaH K H3YQeHHIO n09MbI «MepTBbIe ,l1yrnH», Ba>KHO
cpa3Y 3aHHTepecoBaTb yqalUHXCH 9THM npoH3ne,ZJ.eHMel\1, TaK
KaK H3BeCTHO no onbITY, tfTO cBoeo6pa3IIblH 3bIK n03l\1bl, ee
CTHJIb 3aQaCTYIO obIBaIOT HenOIIHTHbl Ii TpY.lI.Hbl .llJ1H BOC"
npl1HTHH IlIKO.lIbHHKaM. nOllpo6Hei'IUlHe onHcaHHH HM Ka-
. >KYTCSl nopoH CKYlfIIblMH. OTCYTcTBHe repOHQeCKHX, MY>Ke..
CTBeHHbJX Xapal{TepOB TaI<>Ke lie BbI3bInaeT HHTepeca I{ cTpa"
IH'JIlaM n03MbI, 3 HpanCTBeHHoe ypO,ZJ.CTBO «repoeB» npOCTO
OTT3JU{HBaeT HX. IIo3TOMY >KeJIaTenbHO "PH 03HaKOl'vIJIeHHH
YllCHRI{OB C HCTOpHCH C03JJ.aHHH «MepTBbIX .l1yrn» H o()meH
Y U
npe!I.Bapl1TeJIbHOH xapaKTepHCTHKOH n03MbI nOKa3aTb JleTHM
.OTJ(eJIbHble Ka.npbI I{IIHOQJH.'1bM8 «MepTBbIe JI.YWH». Mbl
peKO1eHJJ.YCl'v1 ero npO,D,eMOHCTpHpOBaTb no 118CTHM HMeHHO
B npouecce .lleTanbHoro pa360pa roroneBCKoro npOM3nce"
HHH, nOTOrVJY lITO I<HIIO<pHJIbM (pC>Kliccep JI. Tpay6epr, 1\1oc..
<pHbM, .} gGO) c yqaCTUeM 6.neCTHlUero C03Be3JU1H aKTepOB
1XA Ti\ (B. Ee.rJoKypoa, B. J1HBaHoBa, H. fpHooBa H IIp.)
t &

nOMOiKeT yqaIUM]\.ICH BOHTH B pea..'IbHYIO aTMOCcpepy KpenOC1"
HHlleCI{OH JI.eHCTBHTC1bHOCTH, C,lleJIaeT 06pa3bI repOeB OOJIee
nOHHTHbIMH, nOMO>KeT BHHKHYTb B CyUJ.HOCTb rOrOJICBCKorO
«CMeXa CI{B03b C.TJe3bI».
DycTb yqalllHeCH npO'lHTalOT n09MY, nOCMOTpHT <tJHJlbM
H BbICKa>KYT CBon 9MOHOHaJlbHbIe CY>K)1.eHHH, .l1a,aYT CBOH
OQeIlKH, liTO HM B KoeH CTeneHH no lIaWel\iY yoe}K,lI.eHHIO He
H a pYllIHeT fvleTO,lI.HtleCKHX npHULl.MnOB npOBe.ll.eHHH ypOI<OB 110
JlaHHOH TCle.
n pHcTynaH K JJ.eTaJIbHOMY H3yqeHHIO npOH3Be.lI.eHHSI Y'IH-
TeJIb BO BCTynuTe..'1bHOH 6eceJle paCCKa3aB 00 HCTOpHH CO-
3,aaHHH n03MLI, ,lI.aCT xapaKTepMCTHI<Y snOXH, OCTaHaBJlHBa-
CTCH lIa 3abIC.,'e npOH3BejleHHSI. B 310M CBH3H yqaHeCH
nCn01\,fH5IT cpaI<TbI 113 6Horpa<l>HH nHCa"fe.'ISI, paCCMOTpHT pe..
npO,lI.YKIJ.HI1 C KapTHH 1(. TPYTOBCKoro «nOlell1HK Ha OT,lI.bI-
xe», E. KpeH,lI.OBCKOro «n pOBHHII.HaJIbHbIH ropo.rr.» pHcynoK
A. 0p.,lOBCI{OrO «HHIlUie y KapeTbl», KOTopbIe Tome .n.onOJI"
HHIOT npe.rr.CTaBJIeHHH BOCbMHKJIaCCHHKOB 00 3noxe, BOCC03-
.il.aHIIOfl C Tal{OH oOOOUJ,aIOUJ,eH CaTHpHqeCKOH CHJIOH B roro-
JIeBCI{OH n031\'Ie.
XOpOlliO nOKa3aTb yqall1HlviCH <l>OTO THTYJIbHblX JIHCTOB
ncpBoro M BToporo H3,lI.aHHH KHMrH (BTOpOH BrronHeH no
pI1CYIIKY H. rOrOJIH)  THTy.nbHbIH JIHCT c nonpaBKaMH PY-
KOIO neH30pa, PHCYHOK 3. ,aMJiTpHeBa..MaMoHoB8 «roro.nb
IIHTaeT «MepTBble .l1YIllH» B 1839 r.».
CIO>KeT npOH3Rel1.eHHH roroJIIO nO,llCKa38JI TIYWKHH,
nOBe)1.aBWHM 0 CJIyqae cKynKH MepTBbIX Aym OJtHMM a<l>epH-
CTOl\1 B OCKOBCKOH ry6epHHH. H. foroRb, 3aHHTepecoBaB-
IllHCb CIO>KeTOM, HallHlIaeT JI.eJIaTb na6pocKH, 0 qel\.1 coot>-
aeT A. IlyllIKHHY: «HaqaJI nHcaTb «MepTBblx AYIll». CIO"
}KeT pacTHHy..'1CH Ha rrpe!I.JIHHHbIH pOlaH H, Ka}l{eTCSl oy,neT
CHJ1bHO CivlelllOII. Ho Tenepb OCTaHOBHJI ero Ha TpeTbeH r.'1a-
se. HlI{y xopomero H6e.ZI.HHKa C KOTOpblM 6b1 MO}f{HO KO.
POTI{O COMTHCb. MHe XOqeTCSI B 9TOM pOMaHe nOKa3aTb XOTH
C o,nIloro GOKY DCIO PYCb» I.
rlocTeneHHo yrJIYOJIHR H paCIlIHp5tSl n09MY, H. rOrOJIb
npeBpaTHJI ee B IlIHPOKYIO 06.,'1HqHTCJIbHYIO KapTHIIY Kpe-
nOCTHHlIeCI{OH POCCHH. nHC8TeJIb paOOT8JI Ha)t HeM CeMHa.l1-
u.aTb JHT, naqHIIaH c 1835 H KOHtJaH nOCJIe,lJ.HHMH MeCHIJ.al\iH
1852 r.
J 11. R. r 0 r 0 .'1 b. CoopaHHc cotlMHeHHH D 6-TH TOMfiX. T. 6, h\.,
rI1X.n, 19.>f), C'I'p. 34.
, !6

«MepTBbIe .lI.YWH» ObIJIH 3allYMaH[,I KaK TpH.nOrI-Ul, B no..
c..TIeAHHX qaCTHX KOTOpOH II. rOrOJ1b XOTe.n nOK33aTb HC
TO.HbKO OTpHuaTeJIbHbIe CTOpOHbl PYCCKOH mU3HH, «repoeB
He.ll.OCTaTKOB», no Bblpa>KeHHIO caMoro nHCaTCJISI, HO Ii o6p a-
3bl 'nOJIO>KHTeJ1bHbIe, .cBeTJIbJe CTOpOllbI conpeMelluoro el\lY
061l1eCTBa. OHaKo nOKasaTb n0J10)KHTeJIbHOe H. rorO.,110 HC
y.naJIOcb. MYIlHTeJlbHbIe pa3JtYf.fbH H rrpoTHBopetJU5I, OD..TJ a-
.aeBIUHe rOrOJIeM, npHBeJIll K TOl\1Y, qTO 011 C)Ker 2-H TOM
«MepTBbIX .nyw» - nJIo)). MHOrOJ1eTlIeil pa60Tbi. Llo Hac .LI.0"
IlIJIO TOJIbKO lIeCKOJIbKO rJIaB 3Toro TOf\'Ia.
OpH 8HaJIH3e n03l'tlbI 'Y 1 IHTC.'lb, Ha Halli B3rvlS1,!1, ,lI.OJI)KCH
o6paTHTb BHHMaHHe YLJeUHKOB ua TaKl1e CTOpOULI II031\'lbI:
peaJIMCTMlleCKoe H300pa>KeHHe PYCCKOH .l1eHCTBHTeJlbHOCTH
nepBoH nOJIOBHHbI XIX BeKa; CaTHpHqeCKOe 3BYlJaHHe rrpOH3-
Be)).eHHH, paCKpblBalOIJeeCH B H300pa)KCHHH eflcTDYlOlll.HX
lHLl; naTpHOTHtleCKHH nacIJoc H. rorOJlS1 H npH311allHe 11M
BbICOKHX If 6J1arOp0.l1HbIX KatleCTB CBoero l-IapOAa, Hepa D ero
oY.!lymee. YqaU{HeCH, 3HaKOMHCb C nepCOHa>Kar\'IH n03Mbl,
OJI}KHbI nOqYBCTBOBaTb, t{TO rOrOJIb, HaqaB C KOM:HtlCCKMX
OOp830B MaHHJIOB8 H H03.npeBa, YCHJIHBaeT CaTHpHqeCJ{oe
3ByqaHHe t paCKpBaH M8XHHaUHH 4MqHKOBa t CKonHOMCTBO
Kopo601lKH, KYJlaqeCTBO C06aKeDHIla H, HaKOHCU, JlOXO,lI.JfT
AO nJIlOllJKHHa, KOTOpbIH Y>Ke He CMernOH. all npOCTO CTpa-
weH H }KaJIOK. B 9TOM 06pa3e KOl'tIHqeCKOe .nOXO,!1HT AO Tpa-
rHtleCKOrO, 3TO Y}Ke He CMex, 9TO CKOpOb 0 norHOlliefI qe.,TJO-
BelleCKOH JIHlIIIOCTH. 11 BOCbMHKJIaCCHHKH no XOJlY aHaJIH3a
n03MbI YBH.nHT, lITO nepexoJt K cepbe3HOMY npOHCXO.llHT no
Mepe BKJIlOlleHHH HOBbIX KOMHLJeCKHX nepCOHa>Kei'i H COObl-
TuA H 3aKaHtlHBaeTCH BJtoxnOBeHHblM JIHpHqeCKHM I{OHD.OM
(0 «TpOHKe»), r.ll.e paCKpblTa OCHOBHaH MbJCJIb aBTopa 0
cyJtb6e POCCHH. SCH n031\1a, TaKHM oopa30M, COBeplllaeT
nYTb or «neceJIoro» K neq8JIb1lOMY, TparHqeCKOMY M TOp>Ke-
CTBeHHOMY. B CBSl3H C 3THM HHTepecen Bonpoc 0 K0l\11II03H-
UHM n09MbI, JtonOJIHHTeJIbHbIe CBeJteHHfl 0 KOTOpOH YQHTeJlb
HaAJteT B CTaTbe E. COJIJIpTHHCKoro 1.
TBOpqeCTBO H. rorOJISI HalllJIO WHpOKoe OTpa>KeHHe B
KHH>KHOH HJIJIIOCTpaI(HH. Cpe!l.H JlyqlIIHX H..'1.'1IOCTpaTopon
«MepTBbIX n.yw» - A. ArHII, fI. BOKJIeBCKMH, n. COI<O.F10B,
B. MaKOBCKHA, COBeTCKHe XYJ10>KHHKH A. J1 anTeB, O. HaBO-
30HOB. Ho K8>KAbIH H3 IlHX, COOTBeTCTBenno CBoeMY l\1I1pOD03-
I IKYPH8n «BonpOCH nHTepaTypbI». 1959, N 3. CTp. 1 ]6-129.
117

apeHHJO, TBOpl{eKOH ffH,tIJIBHJtya.TIbHOCTM, }I{H3HeHIlOl\IY Ol1bI-
TY Ht lIaKOIIeU, TaJlaHTY, nO,!lOllIe.'1 I10-pa3HOl\'IY K paCI\pLI"
TMIO CO,lJ.ep}KaHHH n03Mbl rpacpHqeCKMIH Cpe,U.CTBaMlf.
rlepBbIl\-I. H,.7I.'110CTpaTOpOf «f\fepTBbIX JlYUI» 6bIJI A. ArHlI,
KOTOpWH: B 1846 r. C03}1aJI CBbJllIe CTa pea.TJI1CTHtleCKHX HJlJIIO"
CrpalI.liH J{ n03.l\'Ie. Hx f\iO}KHO pa3.QeJIHTb Ha TPH rpynnbl:
nepB3H - PHCYHKH, H306pa>KHIOlI.{He nocemClIMH lJH4nKOBbll\o1
"
nOI\'leIUHKOB; KO DTOpOH rpynne OTHOCHTCH PllCYHI{H, paccKa..
3WB8EOI.I.lHe 0 >KH3HJf lJHQHKOBa B ry6epHcKor\'1 ropo.n.e, CID"
Jla iKe BXOl1.HT JIHCTbl, HJIJ1IOCTPHpYIOIIIJle «nOBeCTb 0 KanllTa..
He KoneAKHHc»; TpeTbH rpynna PllCYHKOB - 6HorpaQJHH
OCHOBHoro repoSl npOH3Be.n.eHHH.
Bo Bcex 3THX H..TIJlIOCTpalI.HHx SIBHO oInYTHl\fa caTHpa, H
3TO OqeHb Co.;'1HiKaeT HX c rOrOJleBCKHMH JIHTepaTypIIb(ln
THnal\fH-nOpTpCTal\-tH. PaCCIaTpHBaS1 ,lI.eT3JlbHO lIeKoTopble
J1.nJIIOCTpaUHH (Bce Cl\fOTpeTb HCB031\10)KlIO), nanpHMep, «..i\'1a..
IlHJIOB M lIHqHKOB», «4HqHKOB H COOaKeBHq», «lIHlJHKOB
H H03!1.peB», yqalllHeCH oOHapym3T, \lTO OHM COOTDCTCTBYIOT
rorOJlenCKOH xapaKTepHCTHKe, OlJCHb 6.TJlJ31{H J( TeKCTY.
K IIJI.'1IOCTpau.HH 6 ece.ll.bl lIHQHI<oBa Ii Co6aKeBHtIa l\'IO)l{110
npOqHTaTb CJIOBa H3 TCKCTa. npoH311ocHMble npo CC6H 4H"
qllKOBbIM: «3K Harpa.lI.Jlv'I"TO TeoH 6or! BOT y*, TOll110, KaK
rOBopflT, lIeJIaZ{HO CKpoeH, .lIa KpenKO CllIHTf..» 1
J{JIH pHCyt-IKOB A. ArHHa xapaKTepHa OCTpafl II TOqHaH
nepe.ll.alJa .lI.BH>KeIlHSI H >Kecra "H306pa>KaeJ\'loro ..'Inua B ca-
THpHqeCI{Of KJlIOqe, HO HHrJ{e XYlIOLKHHK He HapywaeT rvtepbl
H lIe npH6eraeT K K8 pHKaType. Y 1 1aIUHcCH 3TO l\forYT npOCJ1e..
HTb HB HJI..'1IOCTpa lI.UHX (4HIJUI<on If Co6a KenH4, 4 HllJiKOB
H DJIlOllU{HII). BCMaTpHBaHcb B H306p3>KeHHe 41I1IHKODa,
yqeIIHKH, (5e3yc.'10BHO, 3aMeTflT O.l1.HY ocooeHHocTb. l<oTopaSl
6bl.'1a npO.lI.HKTOBaHa A. ArHHY cneUfHI>HKOH rpaqH'lliecKoro
HCKyccTBa. HeB03MOJKHO nepen.aTb B rpac}JHKe KOIlTpacT
xapaKTepa H BHeIllHOCTH. n03TO:\-IY XY,U.OJKHHK, cTpeMHcb
pacKpbITb BHYTpeHHHe OTpHU3Te..T'JbHble KaQeCTB3 4nllHKOna,
KOTopbIe HBHO He COOTBeTCTBYIOT ero npHHTHOH BHCllIIIOCTli
(no xapaKTepHCTHKe rOrOJIH), pHcyeT ero H DHeWJle IIenpn-
r JJH.lI.HbIM, qer.f YCHJ1HBaeT Bblpa3HTeJIbllOCTb 06pa33, r.nYO}Ke
paCKpbIBaH ero CYTb. ,lIJlH xY.lI.O>KeCTBeHHot'I {3Hepb] ArHl1a
xa paKTepHO C03,rr.aHHe BeJIHKO..'IenHbIX nopTpCTOB-HJIJHO"
1 H. B. r 0 r 0 .1 h. CoopalIHe COt)HHeHUil B 6-TH TOM3X. T. 5. .1\\.,
fl1XJ1, 1959, CTp. II O.
118

CTpaUHH, qTO me KacaeTrH H':iOOpa}KHJUI np"pO!I.L1, CB5I3CiH..
HOH C .rllipHtlCCI{I1l\1H oTcTynvleHU5If\.1H aBTopa, cu.eIl U3 npo..
BHHlJJlanbHOH >KH3HHt 61DITa H npelI.MeTOBt TO 9TO ArHH no-
Ka3blBaeT cKyno.
ECJlH D.CraJlbHO paCC10TpeTb, HanpnMep H1.n'IOCTpal1flI0
«nOllina nHcaTb ryoepHHH!», TO MO>KHO yoe.lI.I1TbCH, tfTO D
HH C nopa3HTeJIbllOH MeTKOCTbJO H 30pKOCTbfO CXBalleHa
nOIIJJlaH 06CT8HOBKa npOBHHlI.HaJIbHOrO 6aJIa: n.rleTIIH'-IaHbe,
>Kel\18HCTBO MeCTH»IX KpacaaHU, tlpe3MepH8S1 nbIlliHOCTb lIa..
pH,ltOB, «cnOBOM,- KSK HpOHUtleCKH BOCKJIHIJ.aeT H. B. fa..
fOJIb,- K8meTCH K8K 6YJlTO Ha eceM 6bI1J0 lIanHcalIO: neTt
9TO He ryGcpHHH, 9TO CTOol'IUII.H, 3TO calVI napH)K!» I
B npouecce H3YlleHHH HJ1J1IOCTpaUHH peKo1cHAyel\i 06pa-
UlaTb BIIHM8HHe yqaI.U.HXCH He TOJIbKO Ha COJI.epJKaHHe PH-
CYIIKOB, 110 H H8 TeXHHKY BbInOJIHeHHH. HanpHIept PHCYHKH
A. ArHHa rpaBHpOBaHbJ Ha D.epene.
Bc,nell 3a A. ArHHblM B 60-70-x r0J13X n. .l\1. DOKJIeB"
CKHH C03.lI.aeT IJ,CnyfO cepHIO xapaKTepOBnopTpcTOB.
CBOH PHCYHKH n. BOK,,'IeBCKHH BbInOJIIUIJl CBHIIUOBblf\1 Ka..
paH)l.aUIO?Y1 C pacTyweBKoH, C03D.aBaH 9TH?Y1 D..7IaBIIbIC nepe-
XOllbl H3 OD.HOro TOHa B JlpyroH, liTO nO,lI.trepKHBa.no nblpa3H-
TeJlbHOCTb OO"beMa. IlpeJt.'1arae1 YlIHTeJlIO KlIury, KOTopa51
nOIO>KeT pa30(5paTbcSI B HCKYCCTBe rpa4>HI{J-) 2. Ho eC.rIH
cpaBHHTb HJIJIfOCTpaIIHH BOKJleBCKOro C HnJIIOCTpal.UISl1\1H
ArHHa, TO lIYBCTByeTcH ellI.e 60JIbWaH rJly611l1a CaTHpHlJCC-
Koro 3BYQaHHSI, ocot5elllIo B nepBbIX BapHaHTax 9THX TunH-
qeCKHX nopTpeTOB. )Ke.naTe..'1bHO HeKOTopbIe H3 HHX pac.
CMOTpeTh H oxa paKTepH30BaTb (lII1t{HKoB, IIo3.!lpeB, n.J1IOIII-
KHH). n. BOKJleBCKHH pe3Ko nO.l1trepI{lIBan MopanbHoe H
(j>H3HtleCKOe DbIpO>K,lI.eHHe BLIBe.lI.eHHblX Tl1nOB, tITO npn-
lI.aBaJlO HJlJlIOCTpaHHM OtleHb 60JIbIllYJO COUH a"TJbIlYJO
OCTPOTY.
n. COKO..'IOB B 90-c rO.l{bI XIX CTOJIeTI1H npOHw'IoJ1JOCTpnpo-
Ban He TO..'1bKO ncpBYIO, 1-10 H nropylO tIaCTb «MepTBbIX .llYUI».
Ero 3KBape.1JH YCTynaloT nopTpeTHbI1 xapaKTepnCTI1Kal\f
A. ArHHa H n. DOK.TJeBCKOro B OCTpOH caTHpHlIeCKOH Bblpa-
3HTeJlbHOCTH, HO 011 llIHpOKO nOKa3aJI >KH3Hb pa3.nH l lHhIX
COunanbJlblX cnoeB, nOMelIlHlIHH H KpeCTbHIICKHfl 6b1T.
I H. B. r 0 r 0.'1 b. Co6paHHe COttHHeHHll n 6.TH TOMax. T. 5, NL,
rHXJ1. 1959, CTp. 170.
2 A. r 0 H q a p 0 B. 06 HCKyccTse rpa<pHKH. 1\\., «N\0J10.i1aH rBapJUHI,
1960.
119

,Q..11H nO.!lpOOHOfO aH3.fJH3a HoI1}I10CTpaUMM 9Toro xy.tI.O}KIIHKa
yqlfTCTIlfJ nO'10)KeT I{HHra O. CnMllbll-IOft I.
113 COBeTCKHX HJI110CTpaTopOB peKOMeHD.}'el\1 H3Y4HTb pa..
60Tbl A. JIanTeBa, KOTOpbIl1 nO;1 1 IcpKHBaJl CaTHpHQeCKYIO CTO"
POHY B nepCOHaiK3X. Ho eCTb ollIla B3)KlIaH lleTaJ1b, KOTOpYIO
yqaHeCH 381\'IeTHT IIPH cp3BHeHHH nopTpeTOB-06pa30B.
Y A. JIanTeBa na nepBOl'\'J fI.1JHHe He 1'O,TIbKO nopTpeT, nOJ(aH"
u u
"bIM KpynHbIl'Y1 n..TJ a HO:\1 BO BCCb pOCT, IIO Ii D,enCTBMe repon,
ero .lI.BH}I{eHUe, n03a, O,lI.eiK.lI.a, HHTepbep, pa3J1HtIHLle 6bITOBbie
J1.eT8.nH, a 9TO Bce Bl'YleCTe nCHXOoJ10rHIJeCKH y6e.lUI T e.HbllO
yrJIy6..11HeT caTHpHllCC}(HH 06i)HK.
A. JIanTeB TlllaTeJlbHO BbIIlIICblBaeT Dee ,J].CTaoJ1H, .!lOIlOJl"
HS1IOlll.HC nopTpCT repOH. HanpHlep, Har1JOCTb, Cal\IOYBepCH"
HOCTb, 6ecuepe10HBOCTb H03!I.peBa lie TO..11bKO HanHCaHbJ H3
ero JIHll.C, .9TO nO.J.4epI{HBHIOT Heope>KHO na6porneHHblH xa..
JIaT If lllHPOI{O pl1CCTanJleHHbIe HorM, 6pOIlIeHHOC n yrJIY
pY>Kbe, HaCTCiKb OTKphlTaH .anepb KOl'vfHaTbI, B KOTOpylO 011
TO.lIbKO 1.JTO BOpBaJ1CH. OTCIO.ll.a 60rJbIIIa 31{CnpeCCHH 2 PH-
CYHKa, lIeTKaH j{OMn03MlI,lIH, HpKoe OCBern.eHMe B HJ1JIIOC1 pa..
l1MHX xy ,l{O)l{I-lH I{a.
A. JI anTeB - O.!I.HII 113 nepBblX xy J1.0}KIIUKOB, BOn.,TJOTHB"
u .
III"" B cnOHX n.,l.nlocTpau.HHX JIHpH1.JeCI<YIO CTOPOHY n09MbI
H. rorOol1H. )Ken aTe..TJbIJO nOJ<83aTb BOCb1\fHKJIaCCHHKaM ero
HJI..TIIOCTpaUI1JO «PO.llHH3», H306pa>KaIOIUYIO O.il.HY H3 l<apTMH
PYCCKOH npHpO.LI.bI, KOTopble npOXO.lI.HJIH nepelt 4HtIUKOBblM
BO Bper.IH ero noe3.l1.0K. OeH3aJl{ A. JIanTeBa, nepe.nalOlI{HH
.'1HpH3l\f, O.ll.YXOTBopeIlIlOCTb PYCCKOH npnpO.lI.bI, HBJIHeTCH
1lJ1J1IOCTpall.HeH K OCHOBHOH MbIC.lIH n031\fbI - JIIo6BH 1-1. fo..
rOJIH K pO.LI.HHe 3.
3TOT MaTepHa.,l (an3J1H3 H conOCTaBJIellHe HJ1JIJOCTpal1HH
pa3HbIX XY.!lO>KIIHKOB K 011HOMY JIMTepaTypHOMY npOH3Be.n.e-
HHIO) 10>KeT nOCJ1Y>KHTb .OClIOBOil )lJIH caMOCTOHTeJILIlblX pa..
t)OT BOCLMHI<TJ aCCHUKOB. ,LlJ1H nOBblIIJeHMH 9CTeTH4eCKoro
u
ypODHH YlIall{HXCH KaK qHTaTC.,'IeH peKOMeHJtyel\t1 03HaI{0l'YIHTb
Of
HX C pa3J1H1.JHbIMH BHJI.aMM HJ1JIIOCrpaLlHH no :\leCTY HX pacno..
JIO>KeHIiH B KHMre: <j>pOIlTHcnHCOM, KOTOpWH 113XOD,HTCSI PH-
.!tOM C TMTy.nbHbIM JIHCTOM KHHfH M K3K Obi ,l{aeT OOIll.HH TOil
BceA KHHre; aaCTaBKaMH, 3arJIaBHLIl\1H 6YKBaMU, opH8Meu-
1 O. C n H 11 bJ H a. neTp ne1pOBHQ COKOJlOB. 1\\., «YICKYCCTBO:', 1953.
2 3KcnpeCaufl.- BbIpa3HTe.TJbIlOCTb, HBCbIllI.eIlHOcTb, [JOJUHf}I<HO<.Tb.
a AneKceii \HxaHJI08"q JIanTeB (cepHSI «MaCTcpa COBeTCKoro HC4
KvccTBa»). 1\1., «ConeTCKIiH XYJlOIKIIIiK:', 1951.
120

. .
. .... .-. .
,.-
'\
'\"
._. e.- .. .
. -.
!..
.
.'\
'.
\
,J
-
------
.....
,
,
\ \ \\ \
' 
" "'
, ,
'f
t d
I'
I.
.
.I
If. DU1UUW; Jt..n, '.Lt"1
.\. (' 1'\ 1111\ I,
l...K.lJK 0 30'IOTO\' nel}ldK'

A. KyuN.o.JfCu. ..1I)HHan HOrth Hall. LlHCnpO\t.

O. KUnpeHCKUa. nOpTpeT A. C. nYllJKIHla.

\  I'

\ '.
.,
,
'"
\
...
...
A
"
:x:
o
;;'
c;

.Q

....
,-
-'
---
j
--
:()
::s:-

,
"",....
\
.

::1

o
C-
O
t::



::!





if. Kpa.ucKoCl. nOpTpeT I I. .\. HeKpacoBa.

/1. 6puiJcKu 1. nOpTpeT . .\\. fopbKoro

TOM, KOHUOBK3MH, CTP3HHQHblMH HJJJJfOC'rpaUJUTMH. 9TO
DOBbICHT HHTepeC yqaIIlHXCH K xY.lI.O>KeCTBeHHOMY O<t>OpMJle-
IIHIO KHHrH, saCTaDHT BJI.YM'lHBee OTHOCHTbCS1 K ee co.nep>Ka-
HHIO H 6Y.l1eT cnOCOOCTBOBaTb BocnHTaHHIO 9CTeTHtleCKHX
BKYCOB.
Ha OHOM H3 BHeKnaCCHblX saHHTHH YMeCTIlO paCCKa3aTb
Yllall{HMCH 0 3HaMeHHTOM .lI.OMe-MY3ee B A6paMneBO, TBOP"
tleCKaH aTMocepa Koroporo BOXHOBHJJa MHOfHX PYCCKHX
.
XYO>KHHKOB Ha C03.l1.aHHe npOH3ne,neHHH, craBlIIHX rop-
.n.OCTblO HanMOHaJiblJOH KYJIbTypbI 1. B AopaMueBO, HMeHHH
C. AKcaKOBa, ObIB3J1 H H. rOrOJIb B nepHO.ll 1849-1851 rr.t
1JHTaJI 3eCb B Kpyry PY3eH OTpbIBKH H3 CBOMX npoH3BeJle-
IlHH (<<MepTDLle J1YIIIH» H IIp.).
I1HTepecIIo paccMoTpCTb Ha BlleKJlaCCHbIX aalUITHSlX
cKYJIbnTypHbIe H300pa>KeIlH5I H. roroJISI pa60Tbl H. AHJ1pe..
eBa H H. TOl\tlCKoro. 06a CTpeftfMJIHCb paCKpblTb B ero Q6JIH"
Ke r.'1aBHoe: H. rOrOJIb - nHCaTeJIb, MblcnHTe.nb, qeJlOBeK.
rIo K pelIIeHHlo TeMbJ cKy.nbnTopbl nO.lI.OIDJIII no-pa3HoMY.
BOCbMHKJIaCCHHI{H, allaJIlf3HpYH H cpaBHHBaH cKYJIbnTypbl
(cI>oropenpOJlYKI.(HH), .n.OJI)KHbI nOqYBcTBoBaTb 9TO.
CKYJIbnTypa H. AH.l1peeBa ()bIJIa YCTaHoBneHa B 1900 r.
H8 O.llHOM H3 6YJJbBapOB MOCKBbJ, HeJI.aneKO or Toro .nOMa,
re >KHJI H YMep nHCaTeJIb.
Ha IICBbICOKOl\1 nOQTH np5l)foyrOJlbHOM nOCTaMeHTe B
rJlYOOKOM KpeCJIe CHJ1HT crop6HBIllHCb foronb, B D.J1MHHOM
nJIallte, YCTaJIO CKJIOHHB ronOBY, n"orpY>KeHHblH B rH>KKHe
J1YMbl. OCTpbIH CHJlY3T $HrypbI, nOJ1t1epKHYTO .lI.JIHHHblH HOC,
60JIbHOe CTpaJ1aJIbQeCKOe JIHnO - Bce rOBopHT 0 TOl'tI, liTO 08
06'bHT rJJYOOKHMH MbICJJHMH. H. AHJI.peeB C03.llaJI oopa3 BbI-
J1alOlUerocSI nHCareJISI, nOJJHOrO TparHQeCKHX npOTHBOpe1.lHH
H CTp8.n.aHHH. Bo BceM ero 06JIHKe IIYBCTByeTcSI HaJI.JIOM, TOC"
Ka H OTllaSlHHe. TaKHM OblJJ H. rOrOJIb B nocneHne rO.ll.bI
CBoeM >KH3HH. nepCOHa>KH H3 npOH3Be.lleHHA H. rOrOJIH, H30-
Opa>KeHHble Ha nOCTaMeHTe, y.n.HBHTeJlbHO y6e.lI.HTeJlbHbl,
peaJIHCTH1.IHbI, >KHBOnHCHbI. npH paCCMOTpeHHH YllaI.IJ.HeCH
OOHapY>KaT, QTO qeTblpe peJlbe<p8 nOCBHIl1eHbI oopa3CfM 1-13
«BellepOB H3 XYTope OJIH3 ,QHKaHbKH», «neTep6yprcKHx no-
BeCTe)i», «PeBH30pa» H «MepTBbIX .n.ym». BOChMHKnaCCHHKH
C8MH YBHHT H paCCKa>Kyr 0 TOM, tITO s.n.eCb .lI.aHbl Ilenble
-
I H. n a x 0 M 0 Bo A6paMueBO. Myen-ycanb6a AH CCCP. I1cTo.
pHqeCKHH OtlepK. 1., «MOCKOBCKJlii pa60tlHA». 1953.
6 3-1299
J21

SDH30.lI.bI H CnenbI H3 npOM3Be.lI.CHHit H anp"lep, XJleCTaKOB
Ha GaJlY. On H306pa>KeH CTOHlll.HM nepe,lt DeeM Cei\tleHCTBOM
ropo,aHHQerO, 38 KOTOpblM BH,ltHa rpynna QI1HOBHHKOB C
Yl\-IH.nbHo-no.n.06oCTpaCTHbIM BbIpa>KeHHeM JIIIU H )Hryp, H,
.lIaKOHe, BOOIlHHCKHH H ,QOOqHHCKHH B COCTOHHHH nOJlHO-
ro BOCTopra.
BCH Cnell8 BbInOJlHeHa c 60JIbIIIHM JIpaMarHtIeCKHM H
cueHH1.IeCKHM MaCTepCTBOM. ,aeJIO B TOM, tlTO B nepHOJ1 paoo-
rbI Hall. peJIbe(jJaMH H. AH.lI.peen CO..'IH3H.ncSi C MXA TOM, rJle
OcpOpMJlHJI HeKoTopbIe cneKraKJIH, H 9TO, oeccnopHO, nOBJlIIH..
..JIO Ha BOTIJIOIIeHHe rOrOJleBCKHX oopa30n B pe.nbe<t> ax.
- ECTb JIM B CKYJIhDType pHcynoK, JlHHHH, KpaCKH KflK
B >KHBOnHCH?
YtiaIllHeCH lI.alOT OTpHu.aTeJlbHbIH OTBer. YqRTeJlb lI.OoaB-
JlHeT, qTO B CKYJlbTIrype «I>opr.fa rOJIOBbI, Ha.ll6pODIIbIe lI.yrH,
rna3a, 01lepTaHI1H 4>Hrypbl BbIJIeDJleHbl, 06'beMHbI. OO'bCl\10M
CKYJIbnTOp nepe.lI.aeT oopa3, OO'beM - 9TO fJ1aBIlOe cpeJlCTBO
BbIpa>KCHHH B cKy.nbnType, ee H3bIK. OH HMeeT D..'IHHY, 11IHPH"
BY H BbICOTY, KOTopble HeJlb3H BOCC03.!IaTb na nJl0CKOCTH
. XOJICTa HJIH 6y]arH. n09TOMY CKYJ1bnType HY>KllbI BSl3KHe
MarepHaJIbl (OpOH33, f\-fpaMOp, n.epeBO II T. .n.).
YtJeHHKH oopautalOrCH K CKYJIbnType H. TOMCKoro.
B OTJIUtIHe or KaMepHoro DaUITHHT{a H. AHpeeBa naMHT"
IIHI{ TOl\ICKOrO MOHYleHraJleH no xapaKTepy. rOrOJlb CTOHT
II, CJIerKa YJIbIOaHCb, cnOKOHHO CMOTpHT B.lI.aJIb. Ero .nHUO
OlI.YXOTBopeno. MonYMeHT pemeH B DJIaCTHtIeCKH tlerKHX
H HCHblX OO'beMaX, H 9TO nOltQepKHBaer >KH3IIeHHOCTb <t>Hry-
phI, ee yoeHTeJIbHOCTb. CKYJlbJITOp CTpel\fHJlCH not<a3aTb
H. rorOJISI KaK qeJlOBeKa OCTporo YMa, YBepeHHO rJ1H,AH1l{erO
Ha MHp.

H. A. IIEI{P l\COB
4-H KJlaCC. r!093HH 1-1. A. HeKpaCOBa npeCTaBJleHa
B 4-5 KJIaCCaX CTHxoTBopeHMSIfM «KpecTbHllcKHe .neTH»,
«Ha BOJIre», «3aob1TaH AcpeBHH».
B 4-M KJIaCCe 113YQaeTCSI CTHxoTBopelllfe «KpecTbHHcKHe
.neTH». ncpe.l\ TeM KaK 03H3KOMHTbCH C 9TH!'vl npoH3Be.neHH-
CIVI, YQHTe.'1b HaabIBaeT ,aaTbI po}J{lI.eUHH H cMepTH HeKpaco..
Ba, nOKa3blBaeT cjJOTO ce,,'Ia rpeUJHeBO 51 pOCJIaBCKOH ryoep..
HHH, lfMCHHH B rpelllHeBo, r,!te npOlliJIH lI.eTCKHe rOlI.bI n09Ta.
PeKOMeHJI.yeM raK>Ke nOKaa3Tb nopTpCT H. A. HeKpacoBa
paooTbI H. H. KpaMcKoro. YlIHTe.,1b o6pa1llaer BHHMaHHe ,ae..
TeA na ero CKop611b!H H cocpe.n.OToqeHHblH B3r.aH.l1, Ha CKpe"
I..UeHHble lIa rpy.nH PYKH, YMHblH BblCOKHH JIOD. Ten.TlaH KOJIO"
pHCTHlIeCKaH raMMa nopTpeTa J1e.,1aeT 06JIHK n09Ta elUe 60"
.,"1ee BbIpa3HTeJIbHb1M.
Kp3TKHH paccK83 Y1JHTeJlH nOMOlKer Y1Ja1UHMCH IIOIlHTb,
nO'leMY H. A. HeKpacoB craJI S3m}(TIIHKOl\f yrHeTeHHbIx H
06e3J10.'1eHHbIX, CTaJi HCTHIIIIO napo.nHblM n03TOM.
qTOObi nO.'1Hee pacKpblTb >KeCToKYIO JI.eHCTBHTe1bHocTb
KpenOCTHH'leCKOH POCCMlI, B YCJIOBlf51X KOTOpOH poc H cpop..
MnpOBaJlCH 0Y.l1YlUHil n03T-rpa'>K.lI.aHHH, l\10>KJlO HCnOJIb30"
BaTb penpOJI.YKnlflO C KapTHHbl H. HeBpcBa «Topr», aKBape..
JIM n. COKOJIOBa «nOfelll.HK Ha OXOTe», «nOTpaB3»; PHCY-
1I0K ,a. IlIMapHIJoBa «nCOBan OXOTa»; H. JIeBHraHa «B.HaJJ.H"
l\iHpKa», B. 5IKOOH «DpHBa.n apeCTaHTOB»; H. PenUHa «nOJ(
KOHBoeM»; 1-1. 51 pomeHKO «3al{JIfOt.JeHHbIH».
CTHXOTBopeHHe «KpeCTbHHCKHe JI.eTH» YtJHTeJIb j(O..'ImeH
np04HTaTL Bblpa3HrCJ1bHO, \lT06bl ytICHHI{H nOtJYBCTBOBaJIII,
C KaRoM JU060DblO onHCblBaeT n03T KpeCTbHHC1{HX ,l1eTeH t MX
Jle.'1a H Sa6aBbJ, ,aeTCKY10 JH0003HaTe..'1bHOCTb, ,aPY>KOY, oe3"
3a60THOCTb eTCKoro Dece",1bH. 3'fa 3a,ayrneBHocTb aBTopa,
ero renJIOTa JIfODOBHOe onHcaHHe pe651lJbHX r",'13a, cpaBlIeHHe
PYCbIX rO.1JOROK .llereH C oe.'1bIMH rpHoaMH na J1eCHOH nO.fJHHe
npHJ1.alOT JIHpntfeCKYIO OKpaCKY BCel\1Y npoH3BeJJ.eHHIO.
6*
123

npOlIHKIIOBeHHO rOBOpHT H. A. HeRpaCOB 0 Tpy.ne I<pe-
CTbHHC'KHX JI.eTeH, p aCCKa3b1BaeT 0 BCTpeqe B JIecy C Kpe-
CTbHHCKHl'IJ {aJIbqHKOM, KOTOpblH pa60TaeT HapaBHe C OTII.OM.
Ba>KlIO, tlr06bl yqaInHeCH nOqYBCTBOnaJIH lIe TOJIbKO aB-
TopCKoe OTHOllleIIHe K H306pa>Kaefor\'IY, a Ii MY3blKaJIbHYlO
flfle.J10,lI,HIO CTHxa, ero pHTM H pH<PflfIY.
)I(H3l1b KpeCTbHHCKHX .neTefi, HX Oe3pa,llOCTHOe .l1eTCTBO
IIIHpOKO npe.n.CTaBJIelILI B HCI{YCCTBe. Ha ypOKe MomIIO DOKa-
3aTb HeKOTopble penpo,a,YKnHH, lIanpMl\lep Te, liTO nenocpe.n-
CTBeHHO OTpamalOT TeMY CTHXOTBopeHMH HeKpaCOBa
«KpeCTbHHCI{He .n.eTH» - «MymHtJOI{ C HorOTOR» B. CepOBa;
«,lI.CTH B nOJIe» ,lJ.. llll\1 a pHHOBa.
MI-IOrMe pYCCKHe XY,llO>KHHKH B CBOHX npOH3Be.lleHHSlX
Jl306pamaJIH .lI.eTeH. HanpHMep, B. MaKOBCKHH (<<Hrpa D
6aOKH», «CBliJJ.aHHe»); A. CTenaHOB (<<>KypaBJIH JIeTHT»);
Ii. n pSIHHlIIHHKOB (<<Bopo6bH»); X. llJI aTOHOB (<<HaHMHII-
Ka)); B. nepoB (<<TpoHKa»).
B 60-e ro,abl K nO3HH HeKpacoB3 o6paTH.ncH KOMn03H-
TOp M. MycoprCKHit nepaoe ero BOI{3JIbHOe npoH3Be,ae-
HHe - neCHH «KaJlHCTpaT» Ha CJIOB3 H. I-IeKpacoBa. neclIH
MycoprcKoro c 60JIbWOH npaB.nHBOTbJO paccKa3bTBaeT 0
HYJK,lle, rOJIo.ne H 6ecnpaBHH Pyccl<oro KpecTbHHHHa-6eJI.HHKa.
9Ta me TeMa 3BytJHT H B Jlpyroii neclle \. Mycoprcl{oro
Jl3 ero me TeKCT «CHpoTKa». XOpOllIO npOCJIym8Tb neCHIO
B KJIaCCe (3 MHH.). rOJIO.lI.HbIH, 6e3,llOMHbIH pe6eHoK npocHT
fvlHJIOCTbIHIO y npoxollSllUero oapHHa. Yqalll.HeCH caMH 3aMe-
THT, 1JTO B Me.no.n.HH neCHH c.nbIllJaTCH HHTOHaUHH MOJIbObl,
)Kaw106bI, Halle>KJI.bl. H JleHCTBHTCJIbHO, OHa nOCTpoeHa TaK,
TO OKOHqaHHH Me.nO,lI,HQeCKHX pa3 KaK 6N nOKopHO HHK-
HYT, 3aTyxalOT H C03.l1.alOT BnellaTJIeHHe HeCMeJlorO Bonpoca,
P06KOH HaJI.e>K.llbl. OOCTenelIIIO reMn BceH neCHH YCKopHeTCH,
HapaCTaeT TpeBora H HanpH>KeUHe MOJIbObI. 11 OTlIaHHHbll'll
KpMKOM «CLKaJlbTCCbf», HanOMHHalOInHM BCXJlMfibIBaHHH H
nJlaQ pe6eHKa, neCHH saKaHlIHBaeTCH.
,aJIH BocnpHHTHH llIKOJIbHHKOB l'rIJIa,a,lIIHX KJIaCCOB neCHR
BnOJIHe JI.ocTynHa Ii OKa3bIBaeT Ha HHX orpOMHoe 3MOII.HO"
llaJIbllOe B03.lleHCTBHe. 4TOObl 6JIH>Ke n03HaKOMHTb yqatnHX-
CH C 06J1HKOM Be.,'IHKoro KOMn03HTopa, YllHTeJIb nOKa3blBaer
Jll\f H3BeCTHblH nopTpeT M. MycoprcKoro, BblnOJIlIeHHblH
l-I. PenMHbIM.
3Ta neCHH nepeKJIHKaeTCSI C n033Heii H. HeKpa-
COBa Ii C }KHBOnHCblO B. nepona, B KaprHHe Koroporo «TPOH-
Ka» paCCKa3blBaeTCSI 0 TparnqeCKOH cYJI.b6e J<peCTbHHCKHX
124

'I'... J
;,.  -.
'<
,
,
l.. , :;
"1"
ti
.i,r' <,'
,--:
r :t /-.
l::..{ ":::i ..
-,
'.

'j"
;-.
-  .&..
--. ,[ %_, :. '
..£.
.t'
;-
,fj
. 17}-. -.-' .--.. ..
... - t-
L,
t ,;
"
'.
i
'1
L
f}
;;.':1
b
" i ;'.

.....:. .
/- ,/
'.' r
"
. :-. '
r .:........-;..
"'(
'.., ..
."
",
.r J.:"( :"1;
'\
...'r_ "" 'r.
.).
, 
li, .'.r
. "'j< '''.
",!.-J :.'
.J J- r
-'I' 'l/
" Penult. nOpTpeT M. n. Myt'oprcKoro.
lleTcii B napcJ{oA Poccl1n. Y XYZlOJKHHKOB (rT03T'l, KOMn0311"
T()pa >KHBOIlHcua) MHoro o6nlero B BLloope TeM H CIO>KeTOH,
TpaI{TOBI<e o6pa30B H B OTHOUlellHll J{ 11300pa}l{aeMOMY. Ho
r.rlaBHoe QTO UX 001:>eJ1MHHeT,- peaJ1I1CfnQeCI<oe H306pa>Ke-
Hue }J{H3HH pyrcKoro HapOJI.8. B 1l0nOJJHeHUC K 6eceJI.e MO>K-
110 np04HTaTb CTHXOTBopeHue H. HeKpacona «nJIaq JleTeH»,
v
fJJ,e Tome OnJ1CbJBaeTC5J }f{H3Hb KpeCTbHHCKHX .u.eTelJ, KOTopbIe
npHlliJlM B ropoJI. H8 sapaOOTI{lJ 11 BJIaqaT 3,lI.eCb >KaJII<oe, ro-
JIO,l1.HOe CYlllecTDODaHI1C.
125

5-" KJlacc. 3.1leCb H3YLJaeTCS1 CTHxoTBopellHe H. HeKpaco..
Ba «Ha Bonre». nepeJl. TeM KaK 03HaKOMHTbCH CHUM, peKO"
AfeHJI.yeM DCnOlvtHHTb OCHOBllhIe .3TanbJ >KH3HH HeKpaCOBa H
ero npOH3BeeHHH, H3YQeHHbIe paHec.
K 6HorpaQ>HIJeCKOl\1Y MaTepHaJIY B 5-M 1{,,'1acce l\IO:>KHO
.lI.OOaBHTb KOpOTKIIH paCCKa3 06 YQe6e n03Ta, nOK33aTb JIlI-
Torpa<jJuH npOJI T .'10rO BeKa C BM.naMH cTaporo nCTep6ypra,
nanpuMep OercpoyprcJ<lIii YHHBepCHTeT, rJI.e 011.110 BpeMSI
Y1JHJICH HeKpacoB, CeHIIYIO nJlOwaJl.b C pbIHKOl'ft, r.ne B MO-
JlOJ(bIe rO)1bl HeKpacoBY npUXO){HJlOCb 6hIBaTb B nOHCKax 3a-
pa60TKa.
B CBoeM paCCJ<a3e YllHTeJIb TaK>Ke MO>KeT HCnOJlb30naTb
OTpb1BKH 113 BHenporpaMMHblX npOH3Be.neIlHH n03Ta (Hanpn-
fl.1ep, CTHXH na CMepTh B. BeJIHHCKOro, T. llleBtJelIKO), npu-
BJleqb HeUOJIblUOH AfeMyapHblH l\1aTepl1aJl (nnCbMa I-IeKpa-
COBa, BocnOMHHaHIUl E. TIaHaeBoH, H. LIepHbIllIeBcKoro,
Ii. PenHHa).
B 33KJIIO t leHHe nano nOllqepKHYTb, qTO ,lIO KORua CBoeM
>KH3HH n03T CJJY>KHJI CBoeMY HapO.llY H TBep,ltO nepHJI B era
neJIHKOe cBo60.nHoe 6yn.ywee. XOPOIUO npOlfHTaTb CTHXOTBO-
peHHSI «,[lPY3bH M», «CeHTeJ1b», KOTopbIe SlBJlHIOTCH KaK 6bJ
n09THtJeCKHM 38BemaHHeM 6yn.Yll.{HM nOKOJIeHHHl\1. PeKOMeH"
yeM nOKa3aTb BKBapenb H. 1HXaAJlOBa «BORbHOH
Hel<paCOB».
n03Ta npOBO>KaJ1H B noc.ne.nIlHH nYTb TblCHqH JlIO.neH.
DOJlblliOH HHTepec npeJlCTaBJlSlIOT BOCnOl\iHHaHHH r. TInexa-
HOBa, ero peQb 118 MOrHJIe H. HeKpacona, a TaKme Y){H8H-
Te..'1bHO npoHHKHoBelIHoe nHcbMO-npOlll.aHHe H. 4epHbIweB-
CKoro, npllCJIaHIIOe H3 JlaJIeHOH CI16HpH.
 B oece.ae )I<eJIaTeJlbHO nOKa3aTb <t>OTopenpO,llYKUHH
naMHTHHI{a na 1\'10rHJle I I. l-!eKpacona H 610CTa H. I-IeKpacoBa
na JIHTeHHoM npocneKTe B JIellHHrpaJI.e pa60Tbl cKYJIbnTOpa
B. B. JIHweBa.
CTHxoTBopellHe «Ha BOJlre» npOHH3ano nJI3MeHllbIM qya..
CTBOM JlI06BH K CBoer.fY HapOJlY, CTpOKH ero ,l1WLUaT TO JlIf-
pH3MO)'1, TO CKop6bfO. npOllHTaTb ero Ha,110 Bblpa3IITeJIbllO,
C OOJlblUHM nOJJ,"beMOM, nOCJIC tJTeHHH nOKa3aTb penpo,n.YI{UHH
c )<apTHH A. Canpacona «Pa3J1HB BO.TIrH» HJ1H <1>. BaCHJlbeBa
«BHJI. Ha I30JIre». ECTb TOIIK8H, nOJ1naSl JIHpnqeCKHX pa3J1.Y-
1\111" aKBapeJIb B. CepOBa «HeKpaCOB na Bonre» H HpKaH
1{0..f10pIlTlIaSl KapTlfH8 H. raJlaXOB3 «HeKpaCOB lIa BOJ1re».
npOaH8JJH3HpOB8B COllep>KaHHe H xYJJ.O>KeCTBeHHbJe
Cpe.llCTBa H3bII( a CTHXOTBopeHlUI HeKpaCOBa «Ha BOJIre»,
126

yqarnHeCH Moryr 03HaKOMHTbCH c penpOltYI<lI.HeH KapTHllbJ
11. PenHHa «BYPJIaKH». YlIH:TeJIb npHBo,nHT CTpOlJKH H3
RocnOMHlIaJlHH PenHH3, r.lI.e XYJI.O>KHHK nO,U.TBepm,llaeT
BHYTpeHHlO1O OJIH30CTb CBoeM KapTHHbI H CTHXOTDOpenlf51
HeKpaCOBa: «Bcero oOJIee IlleJI J{ Bblpa>KeIllHO JIHua Ka-
HHHa CTHX HeKpacoBa: «TbI npOCHeIlIbCSI JIb, HCnOJIlleHHbJH
CHJI?» I.
Y'IHTeJIb paCCKa3bTBaeT 0 TOl\f, LJl0 3TY KapTJlHY 11. Pe-
nliB nHCaJI Ha BOJlre, B TeqeHHe n.e.,'1oro JIeTa HaU. T 1l0n851 3a
OYP.7IaKaMH. YqaInHecSJ caMH onHIllYT cl>Hrypy 1{[DKJlOrO 113
6YPJIaKOB. 3TO KaHHH (B lI.eHTpe nepBOH TPOHI{H) C TpHnH"
leH lIa rOJJone, B JIOXl\'IOTbSlX, C llIpOKOii rpy..'1hlO, CHJIbllbIMH,
HaTpY}KeHHbIl\-IH pYKaMH, C JIHUOl\f, 6Y.llTO KODaHHblM H3 "-leJlIi.
3,lleCb H JIbICblH CTapHK, KOTOPb!H na XOJI.Y, He rrepCCTaBaSi
THHYTb JIHMKY, HaOHBaeT TaoaKOM TPYOKY. YDH,n.HT IlSITH-
K..TJaCCHHKH H l\-laJIbQHIIIKY JIapbKY, J{OTOPblii I{al{ OYJJ.TO HbITa..
CTCH OCBOOOtJ.HTbCSI OT JIHMKH - 'IYBCTByeTcH, liTO OH e1l1e
He npHBblK HH K 3TOMY pa6CKOl\fY Jl3HypHIOllI.CMY Tpy,ny, IIU
K ooweCTBY H3l\-fO>K.lleHHbIX H paBHO.1l)'UlIIbIX KO BceMY Ha
CBeTe OYPJIaKOB. ,QeTH, paCCMOTpeB H300pa}KeHHH 0YPllal{OB
(HX JlHll.a, fJIa3a, o,ne>K.n:y), .l1aJlYT xapaKTCpI1CTHI<Y Ka>KJlO.
MY H3 IIHX.
- KaKOBO OTHOllIeHlie PenHHa K 3THM JIlOtlHM?
XYJJ.O>KHHK COqyncTByeT OYPJIBKaM H B TO }Ke BpeMSI BOC"
xHlUaCTCSI HMH, HX BbIHOCJIHBOCTbIO, ynopcTBOM B Tpyn.e.
- KaKHe KpaCKH HCnOJIb30BaJI XYJlO>KHHK, C03JlaBan 00-
pa3bl oypJIaKOB H BO.,Tf>KCKUA neH3a>I<?
YqaIllHeCH, cpaBIIHBaH, OTMeqalOT CBeTJIbIH KOJIOpHT neii..
3a/Ka, CJIenSlII(ee COJJHue, oeCKpaHHee pa3.!10JIbe BOJI}KCKI1X
npOCTopOB, paCKaJIeHHbIH neCOK Ha oepery peKM. H na <rOBe
npeKpaCHoro JIeTllerO .LUIH crOpOJlellHble q)HrYPbl 6YPJIaKOn
B TeMHbIX JIOXMOTbSIX, MeJJ,..'leHHO H TH>KeJIO cTynalOll.lHe no
paCKaJIeHOMY neCKY, BbIrJISI.l1HT ocooeHIlO YCTaBlllHMH Ii "3-
MO>K}J,eHHbIM H.
YqHTeJIb, ooo6IIaH OTBeT, rOBopHT 0 TOl'tI, lITO xyn.O>KHHK
npHMeHHJI npHCM KOHTpaCTa npH H300pa}Ke1lHH neH3a>Ka H
oypJlaKOB, 'ITOQ Slpqe nOJltlepKHYTb MbICJIb 0 TSI}KeJlO"f nOJIQ-
>KCHHH napo}J,a. no YKa3aHH1O YQHTeJIH yqallI.HeCH cpaDHHBa-
loT CTHXOTBopeHHe I-IeKpacoBa C J{apTHHOH PenHIIa «5ypJIa-
KH» H HaXOJ{HT 1110ro oOI.U.ero B H.1leHHOM 3ByqaHHH.
1 H. Pen H II. ,na..,eKoe-6:JH31<oe. M.. «I1cKyccTBo:t. 1953. CTp. 24.
t7

npOH3BeJJ.eHHe «3a6b1T8S1 n.ep(IBHH» H3YQaeTCH B BOCbl\tH"
JIeTHeH wKoJie npHMepno no TOMY me nnany, tfTO H «Ha BOIl1"
r» (BblpaSHTeJJbHOe '{TeHMe, ()ece!la. B KOTOpOH onpeneJISI"
IOTCH co,nep>K8HHe H xy JJ.O>KeCTBeHHbTe cpeJlCTBa Sl3bIKa).
TIpH qTeHHH MO>KHO nOKS38Tb penpo.n.YKUHIO C KapTl1Hbl
<1>. BaCHJIbeB8 «neAsa>K». B KOTOpOH H8 <l>oHe QYJleCHOH
npHpO.D.bI, BbicoKoro CHHero He6a H300pa>KeHbI y60rMe Kpe-
CTbSlHCKHe JlOMHWKH c ltb1pHBbIMH H nOKOCHBllIHlVIHCH CO.'10"
1eHHbIMH KpbIllJaMH, nanOMMHalOll1Ml\1H .lI.epeBHIO B CTHXO-
TBopeHHH HeKpSCOBa. ECTb PHCYHOK B. npOTOKJIHTOBa «3a..
6b1T8S1 .lI.epeBIIH. BYPMJiC1'P H 6a6ywKa HeHlJ.FJa» Ha TeMY
CTHXOTBopeHHSl HCl(parOBa.

A. M. rOPbRII:fl
6-A KJl8CC. 3HaKOICT80 C TBOpqeCTBOM A. 1\\. rOpbKOrO
na1JHHaeTCH B 6-M KJlaCCe OTpblBKOM «CTpaCTb K qTeHHIO» H3
nOneCTH «B JIIO,ltHX». B nnO.iJ.HOH 6eceJIe. npc>KJle qel't1 03H"
KOMHTb yqaU{HXCH C cO.nepmaHHeM OTpbIBKa, peKOMeHJlyeM
Y 1 1MTeJIIO paccKa3aTb 06 3noxe, B KOTOpylO iKHJI AJIelIla
nelllKoB.
B 9TOM paccKa3e Y t IHTe..'1b .D.o.,'J>Ken nOJlqepKHYTb MbtCJIb,
4TOt HeCl\fOTpH lIa «CBHHUOBbIe Mep30cTH l1.HKOH PYCCKOH >kH-
HH», B A.nelle <l>opMHpOnaJIHCb BbiCOKHe HpaBcTBeHHble
KaQeCTB8. H 3TO npOHCXO.l1HnO B nepBYIO Oqepe,llb no,Zt BJlHH".
II HelYl oaoYIllKH AJleLUH, AKYJlHHbI HBanoBllbl KawHpHHoH,.
npocToH pycc]{ofl >KeHnIIbI. 60JIbllIOrO 3HaTOKa HapOJlHblX
neceH H CKa30K. HMeJlHO OHa npHBMJla MaJIb1JHKY HHTepec K
HapOJlHOH n093HH t BHymHJla OOJlbWYIO ()eCKopbICTHYIO nlO"
60Bb K JIIO,llHM Ii npHpOJle.
KpaTKO 3HaKOMSJ yqarnHXCSI C HCTopHeH C03,ZtaHMH no-
BeCTH, MO>KIIO BcnOMHHTb aBTo6Horpa<l>HtIeCKYlO nOBeCTb
«,QeTCTBO» (nepnyIO qaCTb TPHJIOfMH), KOTOpylO yqarnHecn
OOblqHO Y)Ke 3HaIOT. llIKO.,'lbHHK3 M >KeJI8TeJlbHO 06'bSlCHMTb,.
tJTO TpHJlOrHIO He..'1b3H paCCMaTpHBaTb TOJlbKO KaK aBTOMO-
rpacpHIO BeJlHKOro XYJlO>KHHKa. 3TO npOH3Be.neHHe OTpa>Ka-
CT THnHtIeCKHe 1iepTbi PYCCKOH >K113IlH, 8 B oopa3e A.peWlf
nelllKOBa nOKa3aH npouecc <jJOpMHpOBaHMH xapaKTepa lie.
JIOBeKa H3 HapOJ1.IIWX HH30B. pOCT ero C03HaHHH.
nepe.n TeM KaK 03HaKOMHTb yqeHHKOB C OTpbIBKOl\t1
«CTpaCTb K tITeHHIO». YllHTeJlb p8CCK39b1BaeT 0 CTaTbe rOpb-
Koro «KaK H YtIMJlCH», lI.HTHPYH HaH3YCTb OT.ltenbHble Bbl-
,llep>KKH H3 9TOH CTaTbH, nO.l1TBep>K,llaIOIUHe rOpHlIee, ()e3-
Y.l1ep>KHOe >KeJlaHUe IOlIoro rOpbKoro YlIHTbCH. 4HTaTb HaJlO
3MOl.lHOHaJlbIlO, C OO.HblllHM qYBC1BOI, QTo6b1 yqaw.neCH
npOIlHKJIHCb JIIOOOBbIO rOpbKoro K KHHre H K TBOPUY KUM-
rH - lIeJIOBeKY.
no H3YtIaerviOMY OTPblDKY «CTpaCTb K qTellMIO» B KJlaCCe
129
,
l
:,

npOBO,l1HTCH 6ece.lla 0 Tfl>KeJIOf,f lleTCTBe A.'1eUIH nelllKOBa,
BhISlCHS1JOTCH GepTbI ero xapaKTepa (BneqaT.TJIITe.TJbHOCTb,
crpaCTb K KIIHraM, ..110603HaTeJIbllOCTb, qeCTHOCTb, qYBCTBO
COOCTBeHHoro .n.OCTOHIlCTBa H T. tl.). B OTpbIBKe fHO}l{eCTBO
xY.l10>KeCTBeHHbIX cpaBHeHIIH, Ha KOTOpbIX HallO OCTanaBJIH-
BaTb BHHMaHHC YQarnHXC5I: «KHHra, ,l1pymHllle, KaK XOpOlllHH
ca.n., r.n.e Bce eCTb: H npUHTIloe,_M np.TJe31Ioe» II Jlp.
K nOBeCTHt «LI.eTcTBO» M «B JIIO)1.SlX» eCTb OT JBi1.JHWe HJI"
JIIOCTpaUHH B. JlcxTepeBa, HeKOTopbIe H3 HHX (no YCl'tl0Tpe-
HJlIO YQHTeJIH) MO)KHO nO,TJ.po6no paCCl\.tOTPCTb B KJIaCCe, a
3aTeM K Ka>K.LI.OH no,.rT.06paTb COOTBeTCTBYlOmHH TeKCT H3 npo"
H3BetleHHH.
nOl\-IHMO HJI.'lIOCTpau.HH, MomHO nOKa3aTb meCTHKJI3CCHH-
KaM penpO,l1YKII.HIf C KapIl-ill A. ,[{eMHH3 «rOpbKHH B neKap-
lIe 6YJIOllHOH CeMeUOBa» H M. CY3Jta.nbueBa «HaBCTpeqy
)KH3IIH». Y1.JnIl!HeCH npM nOMOIll.H yqHTeJIH 3aMeTHT pa3J1HqHe
B xYAO>KeCTBeIlHbIX cpe.rr.CTBax ,l1BYX BH.l10B H306pa3HTeJIb-
Horo HCKYCCTBa - HJIJIIOCTpaUHH H }KHBOnHCHoro n0J10THa.
Bo BlleKJIaCCHOe Bper\'II peKOfeHJ{yeM nOKa3aTb JleTHM
KHHOcpHJIbltt «,L{eTcTBo rOpbl{Oro». Yqall{HeCH caMH YBHJI.HT,
QTO B q)}iJ1b"fe He Bce 911H30JIbl, onHcbIBaeMbIe B KHHre: HeT
npHMoro CJIeJlOBfJllMH sa COOblTHHM If J1HTepaTypHoro npOH3"
Be.n.eHHH (3,l1eCb, HanpHlept BK.rIlOqeHbl 3nH30.l1bI H3 paCCKa-
3a «CTpaCTU-MOP.LI.aCTH»). Ho Ha,no, QTo6bI YllalltHeCH YHCHH-
JIll, liTO He 3TO rJlaBHOe, a TO, qTO <l>HJIbM BCJle,ll 3a KHHrOH
TaK>Ke CTpeMMTCH npaBJ1.HBO paCKpbITb npouecc cJ>OpMHpOBa-
HHH QenOBeKa.
npOH3BeJleijHe fopbKoro H <l>lIJIblVl y6e.nUTeJIbHO nOKa3bl-
BalOT COqeTaHHe B }KH3nH JJ.BYX lIa t IaJI: OrpaHHtfelIHOrO, me-
CTOKoro H npCKpaCHoro, B03BblllleIlHOI"O.
YllaIUHMCH Ha,no nOtOqb pa306paTbCH B 9TOM H nOKa-
3aTb, KaK B TC BpeMena CKB03b «nJIaCT BCHKOH CKOTCKOfl
JlPSlHH... Bce-TaKH n06e,l1HO npopaCTaeT SlpKoe, 3tlOpOBOe,
TBOpqeCKOe t paCTeT Jl06poe, lIeJ10BetleCKOe, B036Y>K,llaH Ha-
Jle>KJIY Ha B03pO}l{.l1eHMe K }KH31IH CBeTJIOH, QeJ10Belle-
CKO"»... I. BOT B 9THX CJ10B3X rOpbKoro H BO BceM cTpoe ero
06pa30B, 9nH30Jl.OB H pa3MbJlllJIeHHH B KHHre CKa3aJIOCb
MHpoB033peHHe BeJlHKOrO nHCaTeJlH. B ero npOH3Be,lleHHHX
YTBepiKJJ.aeTcH TopmecTBo Aoopa Han 3JIOM, a H306pa>KeHHe
1 A. M. r 0 p b K H H. Co6panHe C01lHHenHii B 18-TH TOMax. T. 9, M.t"
rOC.'1HTH3)J.8T, 1962, CTp. 169.
130
\

lIaCTOHUlero OPOHHKUYTO CBeTJlOH YCTpeMJJeHHOCTblO B oy-
!1Y 1 uee.
7-A KJlBet. Bo BCTynHTeJlbHOH oece,lle ceMHKnaccHHKH
BcnOMHHalOT I1MeHa Xy...'10>KHHKOB, npOH3Be.n.eHHH KOTOpbIX,
nOJl,06HO npOH3ue,lleHHHM rOpbKorO t 6h1JlH TaK>Ke npOHHKHY"
Tbl JII060BbJO I( RapOtly, CKop6blO H 60J1blO 38 ero CTpa.n.aHItSl
(1-1. rOrOJIb t H. HeKpaCOB, T. IIIeB4elIKO t n. cl>e.llOTOD t 11. Pe-
nHH, M. MycoprcKHH, H. JIbIceHKO II MHorHe .npyrHe).
PeaJIHCTHlJeCKHe rpallH1I.HH 9THX Xy.aO>KIlHKOB 6bIJIH 00)1.-
XBH4eHbI H B03pO>K.1I.eHbI B HCKYCCTBe npOJIeTapHaTa.
11 rBOpqeCTBO A. .t\1. rOpbKoro - no OnpelleJ1eHHIO JIeHHHa,.
u
«KpynHeHIlIero npe,.1J,CTaBHTeJIH nponeTa pCKoro HCI{YCCTBa»-
HBHJIOCb npoJ(O..'J)I{eHHeM H pa3BHTHeM Toro Jlyqlllero, qTO
Mbl HMeeM B KJJaCCHqeCKOM JIHTepaTypHoM HaCJIe.n.HH.
BCTynJhHHe rOpbKoro D JIHTepaTYPY (lIaqaJIo 90..x ro..
.QOB XIX B.) COBnaJIO C Haqa.nOM pacnpOCTpaHeHHH B Poc..
CHH l\f8pKCH3Ma H opraIJH30BaHIIoii oopb6bI paOOllcro KJl8C-
ca npOTHB oyp*ya3HH. D03r JIan"J! 3TY 60pb6y B. 11. JIeHHH.
nepBaH BCTpeqa rOpbKoro C JleHHHbJM npoH30111na B pe..
BOJIIOUHOHHble JI.HH 1905 r., KOr}l.a nHC3TeJIb nOMOraJI BOC"
CTaBWHM 3aKynaTb opY}I{He. Ha ero KBapTHpe npOXOAHJIH
COBemI-IHH PYKOBO.llHTeJIeH 60eBbiX JI.PY>KHH. BTOpOM pa3
OH11 BCTpeTHJIHCb na V C'be3Jle pc,apn B JIoHlloHe B 1907 r.,
rlle M. rOpbKHH npHcYTcTBOBaJ1 KaK AeJIeraT C COBema-
TeJIblIbIM ro.nOCOlVL 3Ta BCTpeila 6bl.'1a Haqa.nOM KpenKoii
J!PY>K6bI l'tle>K.n.y BO)K.l1eM nponeT8 pCKOft peBOJIlOl1.MH H npo-
JIeTapCKHM nHCaTe"T}e1.
PS1.zt XYl10>KHHKOB 3aneqaTneJIH B CBOHX npoH3Be.neHHHx
MOMeHTbI HX Jlpy*ecKHx 6ece.ll: KapTHHa B. EaHoBa «JIe.
HHH H rOpbKHH B rOpKax», aBTOJIHTOrpacIJHH f. BepeHcKoro
«B. JIelIHH H l\1. rOpbKHM», PHCYHOK fl. BaCHJIbeB8 «B. lIe-
HHII H M. rOpbKHH».
fOpbKHH BCTpe4.aJICH C A. LJexoBblM, <1>. lllaJIHnHHbIl'tt,
B. BaCHeI.lOBbTlVI, K. CTaHHcJlaBcKHM, B. MaHKoBcKHM, nepe..
nHCbIBaJlCH C HHMH, ObIJI B caMbIX JlpY>KeCKHX OTHoweHHHX.
COXpaHHJJaCb HHTepeCHaH (j>oTorpa£f>HH, CHHTaH BeCHOH
1900 1'. B KpbIMY H 3aneQaTJIeBWan rOpbKoro c XYJ10>KHH](OM
B. BacHelloBbIM.
CpeAH XY.1l.0>KHHKOB, HJ1JIIOCTpHpOB3 BIlIH]C npoH3BeJ(eHHH
rOpbKoro t MbI BCTpeilaeM Tal<HX MacTepoD, KaK C. repacH-
1\10B, B. ,QexTepeB, E. HoraHcon, KYKPbIHHKCbl, 10. MOrHJIeB..
CKHH, A. nnacTcB. 6. npOpOKOB, K. PYllaKoB. B. CepoB,
11. UlMapHHoH H .lIp.
131

Xy.nO>KHHKaM CTaprnCrO nOKOJIeHHH (lliMapHHOBY, ,lI.ex-
TepeBY, KYKPbIHHKCaM) B nepHO.ll. pa60TbI Ha.ll H.nJIIOCTpa-
UHHMH K npOH3Be.ll.eHfjHM rOpbKOrO Bblnano CqaCTbe CJIbl-
waTb COBeTbI H YKa3aHliH caMoro nHCaTeJIS1. 3TH COBeTbI
nOMOraJIH paCKpblTITIO 3aMbICJIa, H.l1eH npOH3BeAeHHH.
ECTb paHHHe nopTpeTbI rOpbKoro XY.l10}KHHKOB H. Penn..
Ha (1899 r.) H B. CepOBa (t 904 r.); a TaK}Ke XY.llO}KHHKOB
H. BpO.ll.CKOrO, n. KopHHa H cf>OTO naMHTHHKa rOpbKOiY B
MocKBe, OTKpb1Toro B H10He 1951 r.
XapaKTepH3YH HaqanO TBOpqeCKOH .lI.CHTenbHOCTH rOpb-
Koro, YQHTeJJb 1\iO>KeT paccKa3aTb CCt\iHK"TIaCCHHKaM 0 TOI,
\ITO B KOHue XIX B. oJJ.HoBpeMeHHo C paccKa3aMH A. 4exona
«4eJIOBeK B cf>YT.,'1Hpe», «I(pbDKoBHHK» BbIIlllIH OT,lI.CJJbHbIl\'l
H3J].aHHeM .llBa T01\1 HKa paccK330B Mo..'10110ro rOpbKoro. rOpb"
Koro H 4exoBa pOJI.HHJIa HeHaBHCTb K l\'IeIll.aHcTBY H nOlllJIO-
CTH. rOpbKHH Y"IHJICH y 'lIexoBa npocToTe H npaB,nHBOCTII
H306pa>KeHHSI }KH3HH. Ho B npOH3BeJl.eIlHHX rOpbKoro «Ma.
Ka p 4Y.l1pa», «CTa pyxa I3eprHJIb», «JI.eBYlliKa H CMCpTbi>
paCKpbIJIHCb HHbie KpaCKH, HHaH JI.eHCTBlITelIbHocTb. BMeCTO
cepeHbKoro H HHIITO>KHOrO 1JeJIOBeKa, 6bHll{erOCH Bcero Ita
CBeTe, BMeCTO cepellbKHX CYMepCK 11 capaH Ha KpalO ceJIa -
IO>KHaSi H01Jb, fope, nJIafvIH KOCTpa. 11 Y>Ke He YllHTeJIb npo-
BHHUHanbHOH rHlHa3I1H, a qeJIOBCK, ropJJ.b1H H CBo6oJJ.HbIff,
KaK nTHa, C3MOOTDCp>KeHHO H CTpaCTHO JII06HIllHH JIIO,1J.eH,
BbIcTynaeT rJI3BHbIM repoeM.
3.l1.eCb YMeCTHO KpaTKO paCCKa3aTb JIereH.l1Y 0 ,QaHKO n
JIappe, nOKa3aTb n.nJIJOCTpaUHH H. TOH3JI.e K paCCKa3Y
«CTapyxa H3eprHJJb».
MOTHBbl UMBKOH JII06BH K JlIO,nSlM, pa.l10CTb repOH1JeCKOii
rOTOBHOCTH OTJJ.aTb ce6H .lI...'1S1 6JIara HapOJI.a C OC060H HPKO"
CTblO H rJIYOHHOH paCKpblJIHCb B «neCHe 0 COKOJIe», C03JJ.aH'"
Hon B 3TH me rO..1J.bl.
«neCHIO 0 COKOJIe» JKeJIaTeJIbHO npOCJIYlIIaTb B HCnOJIHC-
HUH MaCTepOB xY.ZlO>KeCTBeHHoro CJIOBa (B rpa1\13anHCH),
QTo6b1 C03J].aTb onpe.l1eJIeIlHOe BnellaTJIeHUe, a 3aTeM B npo-
uecce aHaJIH3a Bhlpa3HTeJIbHO 1JHTaeT TeKCT YllHTeJIb H..TIH na fI-
oonee nO.l1rOTOBJIeHHbJH Y1JeHHK. AHaJIH3 «necHH» npOXO.l1lIT
u
KaK nepe'lHTbIBaHHe OT.lleJIbHbIX ee qaCTeH, C onpeJtelIeHHe{
oco6eHHocTeH KOMn03HUHH H H3bIKa (a IITHTe3a, neH3a>KHOC
06paMJIeHHe, 3JIJlerOpHH). BonpocbI K Y1JalUHMCS1 HaJlO CTa-
BHTb TaK, 1I700b1 CeMHKJIaCCHHI{H He CTOJIbKO paCCKa3bIBa.J1H
o co,nep)J{aHHH, CKOJIbKO 0 CBoeM OTHOUleHMII K npOH3BeJle-
IIlno, HanpHMep:
132

'" o.:
o ..... ....._ ;,_
@;,
","I. "}
,,
- -J ....... -..." .. ..., _ ....
"
h
, ::
"'... .........
"
, ".<i.. .
, "
\5, "It
..
. 
r, ,. zr
:l£ i\.. J '
. .r .
'2. .J;
,. ,
, ..ro1'
) .....:, ...
.;;; .
-.  ,., .... ..
 .:/:-_-_ -.. -.. J., ,-. l i.
.'
;.,'. :: "',....- ...J...
,... ..
. Oro .::'- ;o_..:.... .: .. ...-:::o. 
,. 
$o_ oJ ".f. ... l....
-.- l:- -'. -,-.
..
r-' ...""'
! !.-..... . ... .
... .,! . ... ... 4....
1.,-
.. ":1 0 . ...
 '"
/ .
'.
. r ,,";::0 0.(
'. '
 't" ',.
..,'
A. Pbl..'10B. B rOJly(50)f npOCTOpe.
- 4TO B neCHe npOH3BOJIJiT lla Bac HaHOOJIee CHJIbHOe
BneqaTJIeHHe?
Yqaw.HeCH OOLIGHO OTBCqaIOT, liTO Cal\la51 BOol1HY10W.all
KapTllIIa - 3TO KapTHua 110pH, oaapeHHoro OC.7ICIIHTe.HbHLI-
l\'IH .,1JYQaMH co.nJlIa, lIa.!I. KOTOrbI1 pa3.lJ.aCTCH !vl0llI.I1bIiI, re..
pOHQeCKHH npH3bIB: «Be3Y:MCTBY xpa6pbIX noel\1 :\JIbI neCI-I1o!
J3e3YIVICTBO xpa6pbIX - BOT MY,llpOCTb jKH3HH!»
«DeCIIlO 0 COKOw1Je» 1\-IOJKIIO npOHJIJIlOCTpHpOBaTb PI1CYU-
KOl\1 l1. TOH,.':13e «COROJI H T}K» H.;1H pnCYHKOi\/1 H. OeTpORl-l
«IlecHH 0 COKOJIC», f!I.e HpKO nO!PlepKuyro repOnqeCKOe na-
1JaJIO, npM3LIll }{ 6opb6e.
I-IeMHoro n03:iKe (1901 r.) nOHBw'IHeTCSI «IlcCIIH 0 Bype-
BeCTHHKe». f)l.e npo3BYQavl0 pa,U.ocTHoe Ii rpo3Iloe npopoqe-
CTBO 0 Ha.n;BHralOw.eiicH peBOJlIOUHOHHOH Gype.
l.IHTaTb «DecHlo 0 5ypenec1l1HKe» Ha.n.o BJ{OXHOBeHHO.
lJTo6bI B3B0J1110llaTb Y'ldIlIJIXCH, 3aCTaBHTb HX YBHtI.CTb Ka p-
TMHY, BOCC03JlaHHYIO aBTOpOl\f, H nepCLKHTb tIYBCTDO pa T}.OCTlI,
no Ge,U.LI, T. e. 6LITb BO BoIlaCTH Tex qyncTB, 0 KOTOpbIX OHa
paCCKa3bIBaer. DJIH3Ka pO:VlallTMlJeCKO1Y J1.yxy paHlBIX npo-
H3Be.AeIlHH IIl1caTe..'IH I{a pTlIHa A. Pbl..f10Ba «B rOJI} 601 npc-
cTope». II(eJI3reJIbHO paccloTpeTb ee B KJlacce, OCOUellJIO
133

IIOJl.llepl<HBaH >KH3Hep3JlOCTIIbIH OnTHMHCTH1JeCKHH CTpOH
npOH3BeJI.eHHH.
neCHM OTJIHQalOTCH OOJIblliOH 3MOUMOHaJlbHOCTblO H J1H
pH1JHOCTblO, rHnep60JlH3°MOM oopa30B, xynO>KeCTBeHHbIMH
3JIJICrOpHHMH t HpKHMU KpaCKaMH B onHcaHHH nopTpeTOB,
JI.eHCTBHH H nOCTYIIKOB repoeB, B onHcaHMM npHpOJJ.bl. CJleJI.Y.
u
eT non.qepKHYTb B neCHe COOTBeTCTBHe l\1e>KJIY npHpOJJ.OH If
qeJlOBeKOM. Oopa3bI 6YPH, BOJIHYIOII.1erOCH MOpH, oe3rpaHHQ"
Horo CTenlloro pa3,nOJIbSi YCHJIHBalOT f\.lS1TeLKHYIO HaCTPgeH-
HOCTb repoeB. H&JJ.o oGpaTHTb BHlfl\tJ allHe yqamHXCSI Ha TO,
LITO .'IHPH3M H 910[U10Ha.nbHOCTb rrpOH3BenellHH YCHJIHBaeTCH
TeJ\.f, liTO rOpbKHH Be3.ne oopamaeTcn K neCHe H l'tIY3b1Ke. 9TO
nOIOI.I{He }l{eHCKHe H MY>KCKHe rO.rIOca B paCCKa3e «CTapyxa
113eprHilb», He>KHbIe 3BYKH CKpHnKH B «MaKape 1..JYJl.pe», Ha..
KOHel..l, pellHTaTHB CTaporo qaOaH€t ParHMa.
TIeceHHbJM HaqaJIOl\1 npOIIH3aH H caJ\.1 CTpOH ropbKOBCKHX
npOH3Be]I,eHHH. OHCaTeJIb C nOMOUlblO HHBepCHH 1 H ocoooro I
CHHTaKCHca C03n.aeT CBoeoopa3HYlO MY3b1KaJIbHO-pHTMHLle-..
CKYIO cpOPMY H3bJKa.
OpH H3YlJeHHH «neCHH 0 EypenecTHHKe» MOil<HO HCnOJIb-
30BaTb peITpoYKUHH npOH3BeJJ.eHHn, KOTope yaqHO pac-
KpbIBaIOT TeIY LleJIOBCKa..6oplla t rne Bce npOHH3allO >KH3He-
YTBepiKn.alOlllH}jH, Ma>KOpHblH TOHaIH. KapTHHa H. BpoJJ."
CI{OrO «rOphKHJal», r. MeJlHXOBa «5YPCBeCTHHK», CKYJIbnTY-
pa B. MYXMHOH «l3ypeaecTHMK» paCKpblB810T oGpa3 rOpbKO"
fO KaK CTpaCTHoro neDl(8 repOHLleCKoro nOJI.BHr8 t BypeBeCT"
HHI{a peBOJIIOu,HH. )l(eJIaTe.-1bHO oopaTHTb BHHMalIHe Ha 06-
u u
IUHM xapaKTep 3THX npOH3Be.n.eHHH, ocneweHHe, KOJIOpHT,
KOl'tln03HU,HIO, pHcynoK t Ha TO, K3K DeCb 3TOT KOl\'In..'IeKC H30-
opa3HTe.,'IbHbIX cpe)J.CTB >KHBOIIHCH H CI<YJIbnTypbI paCKpblBaer
OOJ1HK ITHCaTc.nH-6opua.
PaCCI<a3 «,QeTH napMbI» no con.ep>KaHHIO nnOJIHe ,nOCTY-
neH Cel\1HK.J'IaCCHHKa1 .llJIH caMOCTOHTeJ'IbHOrO pa360pa nOMa.
A B Kacce no 3TOMY paccK83Y YQHTenb npOBeJl.eT KOJIJIeK-
THDIIYIO oecen.y. nHcaTe.nb cYMeJl YBHJJ.eTb Gy.n.yw.ee TOp>Ke"
CTBO e.lI.HHCTBa, COJlH.l1apHOCTH paooLlHx. PeoHTa nailnYT CJIO-
Ba B TeKCTe, 06'bHCHHJOlI.{He OCHOBHOft CMbICJ1 paccKa3a. Hx
npoH3HoCHT «BbICOKHH tleJIOBeK n KO}KaHOf IIepe,nIlHKe, c
rOJlbIMH OrpOl'tll1blMH pYKar.IH: «nOHHMaellIb t - eCJ1H 3TO IIpa-
BbeTCH... Hac TPYJJ.HO 6yneT O.llOJIeTb, a?».
'J flH6epcuR - ocotJaH paCCTanOBKa CoI10B, HeotJb14HaH ,lJ..,1H pa3ro-
DOpHOii peqH.
1.:11

B paCCKaSe eCTb eme O.Z1.Ha D8»<II8S1 MbIC.'1b, H3 KOTOPYIO
Ha.l1.0 06paTHTb BIlHM8Hue yqallU1XCSl, l\fblCJIb 0 TOM, "ITO COB-
MeCl'UaS 6opL6a sa o6nUie lIHTepeCbI .u.eJIaeT JlIO!I.eH ltYXOB-
HO Bblwe H onarOpO.lJ.Hee. P aCCKa3blBaSl 0 BCTpet.lc .u.eTeH H3
.u.pyroro ropo,lla) rOpbKHH nHUleT: «BclO.u.y BeCeJIOe B036Y}K..
tleJ-IHe, npa3.aHHllHbIe .,'Ha, BJIa}KHble .u.o6pbIe rJIa3a». 3Ta
BCTpeQ8 npeBparnaeTcH B Top>t{ecToo rYMaHH3Ma, .Z1.00pOTbl
}{ JIIO,llHl\1. TIHcaTeJlb BceM: cTpoeM peqH, nOJI.OOpOM Bblpn3H-
TeJlbHbIX Cpe.llCTB YTBepJK.Z1.aeT p01KJI.eHHe HOBblX OTHOWCHHII
!\fe}K.ay JIIOAbMH, oTHollIeHHH TOnapHInecKOH B3aHl\10nOMOI.U.U
H e,llHHCTBa. B01 nOqeMY BeCb paccKa3 Y.lJ.HBHTeJIbIlO CBeT-
JIblH, npa3.!lHUQHbIH, 03a peHHbIH paJI.OCTbIO ua.ll.e)K!I.bI.
Ha ypoKe peKOMeu.Z1.yel\I nOKa3aTb yqamHMCH HJIJIIOCTpa"
II.HH K paccKa3Y XYJI.O)l{HHKOB 10. MOrll.'leBCKOro H T. llIHUl-
MapeBa.

B. B. MAflKOBCRMtt
7-0 KJlacc. TBOpqeCTBO B. B. MaSlKoBcKoro npe,ncTaBJIeHO
B 7"M KJIaCCe CTHXaltlli «Heo6bI1JaHIlOe npHK.,1101JeHHe...»
H cPaccKa3 0 KY3I1eUKcTpoe H JIIO,IIJIX KY3HeUKa». Bo
BCTynHTenbHoM cnOBe Y1JHTeJIb KpaTKo paCCKa>KeT 0 >KH3HH
H TBOpqeCTBe MaHKoBcKoro B rOAbI peBOJJIOUHII. MaHKoBcKHH
pa60Tan B OKllax POCT A (PoccHAcKoe TeJIerpa<t>Hoe-'
AreHTcTBo) K8K XYllOJKHHK H n031'. PHCYH arHTnnaKaTbI, nH"
caJl K HHM CTHXH, onepaTHBHO COCT8BJlHJI JlHCTODKH Ha Bce
nOJIHTHQeCKHe C06b1THST Ha <ppoHre H B TbIny. PeKoMeHllyeM
nOK83aTb nopTpeT MOJIoJtoro MaHKoBcKoro, ero PHCYHKJI,
8BTOlllap>KH, 4>oro arHTnJTaKarOB, Koropble C03.llaBan n03T.
3a rO){bJ pa60TbI B POCTA BbInyrneHo OK0J10 1600 «OKOH»,
H3 KOTOpblX HapHcoBano n03TOM 3600-4000 or,ZteJIbHbIX
naKaToB-pHCYHKOB. B. H. neHHH BWCOKO oueHHn pa60TY
l\\aHKoBcKoro B OKHax POCT A, B qaCTHOCTH ero nJlaKaTbI,
HMelOllHe pCBonlOUHOHHoe 3Ha1JeHHe.
o TOM, KaK pa()OTaJI B. MaHKOBCKHH B OKllax POCTA,
paCCK33b1BaeT OH card: .
«BcnOMHHalO - OTJtbIXOB He 6b1JIO. PaOOTaJIH B orpolvlHOH
HeTOnJleHOH, cBOJ1S1I.UeH l\fOp030M (BnOCJle,lJ.CTBHH Bble,lJ.alO"
lUaS) rJIa3a llbIMOM 6YP}l{YHKa) MacTepcKoH POCTA. npHfI..
llH ,ZtOMOH, pHCOBaJI onHTb, a B cnyqae ocoooii CPOQHOCTH
KJI aJI no,lJ. rOJIOBY, JIOJKaCb cnaTb, noneno Bl\tteCTO no.n.YWKH,
C TeM paClleTOM, liTO Ha noneHe oco6eHHO He 3acnHIIIbCSI H,
nocnaB pOBHO CTonbKO, CKOJ1bKO Heoo.xO,l{HMO, BCKOqUWb pa-
60TTb CHOBa...
Or Hac TpeooBan8Cb MaIllHHllaSi 6b1CTpOTa, OWB3JIO, Te-
J1erpaHoe H3BeCTHe 0 c}JpOllTOBOA nooeJ1e Qepe3 40 MHHYT -
qac Y>Ke BHCeJIO na YJIHne KpaCOlJHblM DJIaKaTor.1» '...
'Co ..
1 B. KaT a H R H. MaHKoBCKHA. JIHTepaTYPH8H XpOHHK8, t, foc..
J!HTH3,aaT, 1956, CTp. 126.
136

B 3TH HanpSl>KeHHbIe rOJlbl MaHKOBCKHH OKOHQaTeJ1bHO
cpOpMHpyeTcSI KaK n03T. AU nHweT MHoro npOH3BetteIlHH H3
caMble pa3nH1.IHble Te1\-lbI (<<JIeBbIH Mapw», «O,!la peBOJ1IO-
II.HH», «np03ace.n8BWHeCH», «0 llpHHH») H cpe.aH HHX «He..
OOblQaHIIOe npHKJII04eHHe, ObIBwee C BJla,lLHMHpOM MaHKoB"
CKHM J1eTOM lIa naqe» (1920 r.). B cBoeoopa3HoH <popMe, B
nOJIYlllYTJ1UBOH 6ece.ne C .llpyroM - COJIIIeM H tBITaTeJ1el'rf,
l\laHKoDcKHH nO,!lHHMaeT OqeHb cepbe3HbIH Bonpoc 0 pOJlH H
3UaQeHHH n033HH B OOll{eCTBeHHoH °>KH3HH. CTHxoTBopeHHe
npoHH3aHo nO,ltnHHHO peBOJIIOUHOHHbIM onTHAfH3MOM. 3TY
CHJIY >KH3HeYTBep>KJ1eHHH HattO nepe.l1aTb npH lJTeHHH. «He-
OObltlaHHOe npHKJIlOqeHHe...» YIIHTeJIb ttOJI>KeH np01JHT3Tb Bbl..
pa3HTeJIbHO C yqeTOM opaTopcKo-pa3roBopHoH HHTOHall,HII
MaHKoBcKoro.
n03T "POCTO, O()bl,lteHHO rOBopHT 0 He06bIQI-lOM. PHCYH
peaJIHCTH1.IeCKYIO Ka PTHHY ,ltepeBHH, .lI.atlH, oeceJI.bI 3a CTO-
JIOM, MaSiKOBCKHA npH()eraeT K rHnepOOJIaM. COJII'ne npHlll-
JIO B rOCTH K n03TY, OHO BBaJ1HnOCb B ero KOMHaTY. Jt.py*e..
CKH ycenocb 3a CTOJIOM. nOHBJIeHHe COJIHna nO,lLqepKHBaeT,
tlTO ObITOBOH <pOH H JJ,eTaJIH - 9TO TOJIbKO YCJ10BHOCTb, 3a
IIHMH CKpbIBaeTCSI lIetfTO 60Jlee Ba}KHOe H rJIYOOKoe. B
oopa3ax..rHnep6onax (n093HSI - COJIHue) MaHKODCKHH YT-
Bep>KJJ,aeT aKTHBHYIO BocnHTaTeJ1bHYIO pOJIb n033HH. OHH
paBHbl - COJIHu.e H n093HH. no.n 3THM Heno6eJI.HMblM co-
1030M n03Ta H COJIIIu.a OCSl3aeMO OI.UyrnaeTCH APyroH
COlO3 - HCKYCCTBa H CBeTa pa3YMa.
nOCJJeJI.HHe CTpOtiKH CTHXOTBopeHHH:
...CBeTHTb Bccr.a.a,
CBeTHTb Be3,!le,
.llO AHeH nOCJIe.l1HHX ,l10Ho.8.
CBeTHTb -
H HHKaKHX rB03,l1eA!
BOT JI03YHr MoA-
H COJlHo.8!-
3BYQaT CBeTno H paJI.OCTHO .KaK HaCTOHIItHH rHMH He TOJIbKO
COJlHUY, HO H n03TY, B,l10XHOBJISIIOrneMY cBoeA n033HeH HapO)\
Ha CBepweHHe BeJIHKHX .neJl.
K npOH3BeJ1eHHIO MaHKOBCKoro «HeOObIqaHHOe npHKJlIO"
tleHHe...» eCTb PHCYHI{H-HJ1JlIOCTpanHH ,l{. lIITepeHoepra, C KO"
TOpblM n03T BieCTe pa60TaJl B 1918-1919 rr. B neTpo-
rp aJI.e.
B CTHXOTBopeHHH «PaccKa3 XpeHoBa 0 KY3HeKcTpoe
H 0 JIIOJJ,SlX KY3HenKa» MasKoBcKHH npOCJIaBnSleT repoHKY
137

TpYlla. OR pHcyeT peaJIbnylO KapTHHY QbITa CrpOHTeJ1eii
KY3HeLlKa 30-x rO,LlOB:
....)J.O>K;UIMH
cYMpaK c}J{aT,
no.n. cTapolO TeJIerOIO
p8GotiHe ne)K3T...
TeMIIO CBHUII.OBOHO"lHe,
Ii .l(0)K.n.HK
TOJlCT, K8K >KrYT,
CHJlnT
B rpH3H
pa60'iHe,
CH.D.SlT,
nY1JHHY >KrYT...
fop.!10 H YBepeHHO 3BYllaT CJ10sa paUoqero:
1Jepe3 qeTbl pe
ro.J. 8
3,lJ.eCb
6Y;J.eT
ropo.D. -caJ1.
OHM rOBopHT 0 HeCrHOael\-10H BOJIe, TBep,llOCTH Jtyxa CO BeT-
CKoro 'IeJIOBCKa, cnOCOOHoro Ha .7IlOOble TPY,llHOCTH H mepT-
Bbl BO HMH BOnJlow.eHlIH BCJIHKOH MellTbI B >KH3Ub. By.nYlll.ce
BOCC03,llaeTCH KaK npeKpaCHoe:
MbI

B COTHIO COJlHll.
MapTeHaMH
Bocn..1a:\teHHM
CH(hfpb.
3TH CTpO'lKH BocnpHHHMaTCH KaK neCHH ooeBoro noxoa
(lleHCTDHTeJIbHO, CTHXOTBopcHHe HanHcaHO B pHT1e l\1aprna),
KOTOpylO nOlOr JIIOJlH, OTnpaBJ1HHCb lIa saBoeBaHHe HOBO"
>KH3HH.
TIpH H3YlleHHH CTHXOTBopeHHH B. MaHKOBCKoro l-fO>KHO
npHBeCTH OTpblBOK H3 CTaTbH aKa,nel\1HKa H. BapJ\HHa
«MellTa H ee ocyw.eCTBJIeHHe», Han.ncaHHOH K 25"JIeTHIO Kys-
u
lJenKCTpOH, B KOTOpOH 01-1 BcnOlvlHHaeT 0 nnelJaTJ1eIIHH, npo..
H3Be.n.eHHOM Ha CTpOHTeJIeH CTHXOTBopeHHeM B. MaHKOB-
CKoro: C...n09T MaHKOBCI{HH B calvlbIe, OblTb MO}KeT, TH>KeJIbIe
BpeMena }KH3HH KY3HeU.KCTpOH... HanHCaJl CBOH paCCK83....
u
SaKaHqHBalOHHCH CJIOBarvIH:
 3]]alO
51 3H81O
ropo.l1 t5Y.D.eT,
C8.n.y IJ.aecTb,
. Kor.na T8Kue nlO.D.H
B CTpaHe
CoseTCKoA
eCTbl
138

t,
f
\..
r
l'o
t,
- + --..,'-'
-
,.::"
"....
j.
. .
"">.' .
,
J  - 
-oJ",,:;
r..'
I..
l. .....t.. "
B MYXHH3 Pa60GHfI II I{O;rX03T1HU8.
1
j

i7 ........

3THM 011 noJUtep>K8J1 -Balli ,nyx, H MbI npO,llOJI>K3JIH HaqaTOe
.neJIO H C'IHTaJ1H ero C3MblM rJIaBHblM B OCYlI{eCTBJIeHHH HalO
weA Me'lTbI».
B KJIaCCe peKOMeH,ltyeM npOtIHTaTb CTHXH, H,lJ.eAHo H Te-
MaTH'IeCKH 6J1H3KHe K «PaccKa3Y 0 KY3HeuKcTpoe», HanpH-
Mep CTHXH 51. CMe4l1HKona «MarHHTKa», «Paoot{HH». YrJIY"
6HTb npe,ncTaBJ1eHHe yqarnHXCH 0 KpacoTe qeJIOBeqeCKOrO
Tpya nOMorYT penpo,lJ.YKHH C KapTHH COBeTCKHX xYJlo.
IIHKOB A. ,QeHHeKH, A. TIJIaCTOna, T. 5IOJIOHCKOil; neCHH, no..
CBSllI1-eHHble TPY n.y , ,L{. 1ll0cTaKOBHtla, A. AJIeKCaHpOBat
H. ,aYHaeBcKoro; cKYJIbnTypHble nopTpeTbi H. TOMcKoro,
H. lllan.pa, B. MYXHHOH. B cKy.llbllType B. MYXHHOH «Pa..
60liHH H KOJIX03HHua» ocooeHHo BbIpa3HTeJIbHO nepe,l1aH
IIpH3bIB K MHPIlOMY c03H,naTeJ1bHoMY TPY,ny, K 60pbOC 3a
BeJlHKHe HJJ.eaJlbl TPY HI1lHXCH, 3a nocTpoeHHe KOl\IMYHHCTH-
qeCKOrO OOllI.eCTBa. 3TOT npH3blB K TPYJl.Y 0lllYTHM B BH>Ke.
IIHH cKYJIbnTypHoH rpyoobl, B >KeCTaX PYK, B03HOCHlI1-HX
3lvl6JIel\fY Tpy,na - cepn H MOJIOT. cl>HrYPhl pa601lero H
KOJIX03IIHl(bI nOJlHbI KpacoTbI H qeJIOBetInOCTH, BeJIHIIHH H
Top*ecTBeHHocTH. 3TO oTpameHHe Toro BHYTpeHHero YXOB"
Horo ooraTcTBa qeJlOBeKa, KOTopoe pO>K,lJ.aeTcH 6J1arOapH
CTpeMJIeHHIO K TBOpqeCKo1Y TPYJl.Y. Ha 3TO Hao oopaTllTb
BHHMallHe YllaW.HxCH.
Bo BHeKJIaCCHOe BpeMH MO>KHO npo,nervloHcTpHpoBaTb
YlleHHKaM KHH04>HJIbM «B. B. MaHKoBcKHH - n03T peBOJIIO"
nHH», B KOTOpOM 3BY4aT OTpblBKH H3 n03M H CTHxoTBopeHHH
MaHKoBcKoro. <PHJIbM KaK 6bl nOJlBe.l1eT HTor BceMY CKa3aH-
HOMY YllHTeJle1 H B TO me BpeMH nO,l1rOTOBHT yqall{HXCH K
BocnpHSlTHIO n033HH MaHKOBCKoro B CTapWHX KJ1aCcax.

A. A. (PA,[I,EEB
4-A KJlaCC. B 9TOM KJl3CCe yqaIItiieCH H3YllalOT OTpbIBOK
H3 pOl\faHa A. <I>a.lleeaa «Pa3rpOr.1» - «lv\eTeJ1Hua».
80 BCTynHTeJ1bHO1 CJIOBe YQHTeJlb OrpaJlHqHBaeTCSI
COo6IneHHeM 0 rOM, KTO aDTOp pOMaHa «Pa3rpOM», KaKHe CO-
OblTHH H300paLKalOTCH B Helt Ha3bIBaeT HMeHa rJIaOHblX
rcpoeB (MeTe.lIHa, JIeBHlIcoH, BaKJIaHOB H J!p.). CaOH KOpOT-
KHH paCCK33 YQHTeJIb HJIJJIOCTpl1pyeT cpOTorpaHeH <Pa,ne-
eBa 30-x rO,U.OB HJIH nopTpeTHblM PHCYHKOl\i r. C. BepeHCKO-
rOe 4TOObl .lI.CTH HCnee H KOHKpeTHee npeJJ.CTaBJlHJIH ceoe,
r,ne U KOrl1.a npOHCXO.llHT COOhITHH) MO}KHO nOKa3aTb cpOTO,
PMCYHKH, neH3a}KH n pHMOpCKOH TaHrM, I1CnOJIb30BaTb UH-
:repeCHhlH nJIaKaT «...H Ha THXO!\-I OKeaHe caoit 3aKOH'IHJ1H
noxoA», npOCJIYlllaTb B rpaM3anHcH H3BecTHYIO neCHIO
«,QaJIbHeBOCTOllHaR na pTH3aHcKaSl».
TIpH lITeHlIM OTpblBKa YQHTeJIb OO"bHCHSIeT HenOHSlTHble
CJlOBa, nOTOM .lI.eTH nepecKa3blBaloT 6JJH3KO K TeKcTY co,nep..
>KaHHe npOH3Be.lteHHH, COCTaBJISIIOT no.ltpo6ublA nJIaH, xapaK-
TepH3yJOT MeTeJIHu.y, MaJlbllHKa.nacTYllIoHKa t BparoB peBo"
JlIOnHH.
06pa3 MeTeJIHUbl Y'IaInHMcH nOMorYT BOCC03,U.aTb HJIJIIO"
crpanHH K pOMaHY O. BepeHCKoro, ,a. ,QYOHHCKoro, H. fo..
.llHHa. ,QJISI oOJIee rnyooKoro nOHHMaHHSI H OCMbIC.neIIHH Ka}K-
.llOH HJIJUOCTpaUJiH }KeJIaTeJIbHO, t{To6b1 ,aeTH paCCKa3aJIH 0
. u
TOM, 'ITO YBH,lJ.eJIH t a 3aTer.f K KaJKD-OH H3 HJI..'1IOCTpaHH Haw-
JlH 6b1 COOTBeTCTBYlOlllHH orpblBOK H3 TeKCTa. HanpHMep,
It
K OqeHb ,llHHaMiitJHOH, c qeTKHM pHC"YHKOM I1JIJIIOCTpaHII
O. BepeiicKoro «IIa COBeTe napTH3aHCKoro OTpSl.!J.a» no.Qxo"
,nHT D-HTaTa H3 TeKCTa: «3T01' QeJIOBeK MHHYThI He Mor npo..
CHJleTb CnOKQHIIO - BeCb 6bl." orOHb, .!J.BH>KeIlHe, H XHLQI-Ible
ero rJIasa Bcer,na rOpeJIM HeHaChlTHblM }KeJIaUHel'rf KorO-TO
J].orOJ.lSlTb H JI.paTbCH. MeTeJIHua BbICTaBHJI CBOH nJIaH oTcTyn-
JIeHH, H3 KOToporo Blf,Q.HO 6h1J10, tlTO ero rOpHQaH rOJIOB3 He
141

60HTCSI OOJIblllHX npOCTpaHCTD H He JIHWeHa BoeHHoA
CMeTJ(H» I.
J1HpH1JHOCTblO H MSlfI<OCTblO OTJIHtlaeTCSI H.TJJIIOCTpaUHSI
J!. J!y6HHcKoro «MeTeJllfua H nacTywOK». 80 BceR <pHrype
H JIHue MeTeJI11 lI.hI, CJIyw.alOlUero rparHqeCKHH' paccKa3 na-
CTYllloIIKa, oIUYll1.aeTcH 60JIblllOe C01JYBcTBHe H nOHHMaHHe
fOpH npocToro HapoJl-8.
HJIJIIOCTpaHH H. .rOJI.HlIa «MeTeJlHua B pa3Be!J.Ke» no.,'1-
v 0 v
Ha BHYTpeHHeH HanpH>KeHHOCTH; K HeH nO,lI.OH!J.eT TaKaS1 H"
TaTa: «MeTeJIHlI.a, C!J.epiKHBaH MorYllHA TpeneT cep!J.a, n01J-
TH IIC .abIllla, np06HpaJICH B rJIyob calla... naJIeBO OT ceOH
OH ynH,llCJI OCBemeHlloe OKHO. OHO 6blJIO OTKpbITO. TaM CH"
JJ.eJIH J110JI.H. «...BoT oHol» - nOJJ.YMaJl MeTeJlHua, HepBHo
!J.porHYB lI(eKOH H BcnblxuYB H 3aropaHcb BeCb reM >KYTKHl'tI,
HeOTBpaTHl\1bl1 IJYBCTBOM 6eCC1'palIIHOro OTQaHIlHH, KOTopoe
TOJIK8J10 ero 06bIlJHO lIa Ca1\-fbIe 6e3paccy.a Hble nOJI.BHfH...» 2.
Y1JeHHKH !\forYT T8K}Ke paCCMOTpeTb HJIJlIOCTpaUHH
H. rO.aHHa «MeTeJIHua nepeJI. CXBaTKOH C 6eJlOrBap.lleHCI(H1
octJHuepOM», oxapaKTepH30BaTb Bce TPH .aeHCTBYlOlllHe JIHUa
(HaqaJIbHUKa, octJHuepa B Ka3allbeU WHHeJIH Ii .N\eTeJlHUY),
onpeJJ.eJIHTb H306p a3HTeJI bllO- BbIpa3HTeJIbHble cpeJJ.CTBa HJI"
JIIOCTp81.1HIi (tlepHo-6e."oe H306paiKeHHe, OTTOtJeHIIOCTb PH-
CYHKa, q,Hryp H HpKaH BbIpa3HTeJIbHOCTb JIHu). iKCJI8reJlbHO,
1Jro6 .aeTH HalllJlH reKCT, COOTBeTCTBYIOllI.HH PHCYUKY: «Te-
nepb OH 6bIJI XOpOlliO BH,U.eH BceM - TyroH H CTpOHHbIH,
tJepHOBOJIOCbIH, B MHfKHX OJIeHbHX YI-ITaX, B paCCTefHYTOM
Py6axe, nepeTHUYTOH IIIHypKOM C rYCTbIMH 3eJIeHblMH KHcrH-
MH, BbInymeHHbIMH H3-no!J. <l>Y<I>aHKH,- C JI.aJIeKHM XHlUJlbIf\{
OJIeCKOM CBOHX .HeTHlIl.H x r JI a3, CMOTpeBlIIHX TY.LI.a, r!J.e B ce..
pOM YTpeHHeM JJ.blty 3aCTblJIH BeJ1HllaBble xpe6TbI» 3.
C06LITHH, onHcaHlIbIe B pOMaHe, nepeKJlHKalOTCH C nee-
HeH «rIa JJ.OJIHHaM H no B3ropbHM», KOTopaH paCCKa3b1BaeT
o repOH1JeCKOH 60pb6e CHOHpCKHX napTH3aH npoTHB 6eno-
rBa pJI.eHueB.
TIocJIe Toro KaK lIIKOJIbHHKH npOCJIYlllalOT neCHIO, Y1JH-
TeJIb 061>HCHHeT Bblpa>KeHHH «BonOtJaeBCKHe JtHH», «pa3rpo..
MlfJIH aTa1\1aHOB», «6e",'OH apJHH OnJIOT» H !J.p. H nOJJ.lJepKHeT,
tJTO HpKHe 06pa3bl, pHctJMa H pHTM neCHH ,ZlalOT OCHOBaHHe
v
HaaBaTb ee neCHeH-"aplIIeM.
1 A. «> a .ll e e B. Pa3rpOM. lv\., fOCJIUTR3JtaT. 1!J52, CTp. 22.
2 T a Po{ >K e, CTp. 39.
8 TaM >K e, CTp. 41.
142

B xO,l{e oecelI.bI YQHTeJIb CTaSHT nepell KJIaCCOM TaKHe
BonpOCbI:
o KaKHX C06b1THHX noeTCH n neCHe?
- KaKaH CBSl3b ltle>K,l{Y rJJaBOH «MeTeJIHIJ.a» H neCRe"?
- KaKHe cpaBIIeHHH H MeTactJopbl paCKpbIBaJOT repOH3M
H fY}KeCTBO napTHaau?
Ha O,ltHOM H3 DHeKJI3CCHblX 3aHHTHH MO>KHO 03HaKOMliTb
yqeHHKOB C penpOJJ.YKl\HeH KapTHHbI XY,l{O}f{IIHKa B. llIaTa-
JIHHa «no AOJIHHaM H no B3rOpbSll\tl», H306pa>KalOlI.\eH peBO-
J1JOHOHHble C06bITHH B n03THlIeCKOM npeJ10MJIeHHH, B KaKOl\f
COXpaHHJIa HX HapO.llHaSi neCHH. CaMO Ha3BaHHe KapTHHbI
YKa3BaeT Ha ee onH30CT C neCHeH. B HeM YHBHTenbHo
JKH8HeHHO H n09THQHO BOCC03aHa aTMoccpa repOHQeCKO-
ro BpeMeHH OOpbObl sa nooellY peBonlOUHH. )KenaTenbHo
nOKa3aTb KJIaccy penpo-nYKUHH KapTHH B. KapeBa «napTH-
3alibl CH6HPH» H B. l1(JraHcoHa «,aonpoc KOMIYIIHCTOB», KO-
Tophle nOCBHrneHbJ repoHKe rpamnaHCKOH BOHHbI. KapTHHbl
liar JIHJI.IIO HJlJIIOCTPHPYIOT Y1JaIIlHMCH CTOHKOCTb nyxa, caMO-
.
OTBep1KeHIIOCTb H CHJIY BO.'1H COBeTCKHX JIlo.l{eH, HHKOrJI.a He
TepHJOrnHX caMooona.n81I1IH H BbInep>KKH.
OcooeHHO npHl\tIC1JaTeJlbHa n 3TOM nJIaHe KapTHHa «)J.o-
npoc KOl\.fMYHHC'fOB». ,aeTH raMH paCCKa>KYT ee co.aep/KaHHe.
YQIITenb, o606rnaH OTBeTbI yqaHXCH, 06pall.laeT HX BHHfa-
HHe Ha KOMn03HUHIO H KpacKH KapTHHbI. KOltfn03HIlHoHIIO
KapTIIHa nocTpoeHa TaK, t{TO KOIMYHHCTbl, XOTH H B fiJIeHY,
HO fipOH3BO,l{HT BneaT JICHHe HacTynalOIll.MX (,QaHbI BO BeCb
POCT, CTOHT, BbInpHMHB nJIeQH, oeCCTpalllHO fJIH.LUI B r..'Ia3a
BparOB), a OeJIOrBap,l{eHlI.bI CJIOBIIO 3arnaHbi B yrOJI. 3TY
MbICJIb YCHJIHBaeT H KOJIOpHT KapTHHbI, ee UBeTonaH raMMa.
KonopHT nOCTpoeH Ha COlleTaIlHH 30J10THCTO-KpaCIIO-KOpHlI-
HeBblX TOHOB, CBeT SlpKO BbI,l{enHeT HrypbI KOMMYHHCTOB,
QTO nOJ{lIepKHBaeT HX BOJIJO, MY>KeCTBO H HenpeKJ10IIHOCTb.
B 3aKJ1lOlIeHHe Ha BHel{JIaCCHOM aaHHTHH peKOI\fen.nYCM
nOCMOTpeTb YQe6HbJH <pHJIbM «MeTCJIHl.la».
7-1 KJlacc. YqalUUeCSI H3Y4alOT rJIaBbI H3 pOIaHa
A. A. cl>a,l{eeBa «MoonaSl rnap,QMH». AHaJIH3Y 3THX rJIaB
npe,l{wecTByeT ,nOMalliHee tlTeHHe pOMaHa.
KnaccHaSi 6eceJla HaQHHaeTCSI C KpaTKoro 03IIaKOMJIeIlHH
C >KH3HblO H lI.eHTenblIOCTblO A. ct>aAeeBa, HCTopHeH C03.na-
HHH pOMaHa. B 3TOM oece.ne YQHTe,,'1b MO>KeT HCnOJIb30BaTb
YQe6ublA ICHHo4>HnbM t 3BYK03anHcb BbIcTynncHHH A. <l>ae-
eBa H rpaMnJlaCTHHKH C parMeHToM pa,!{HoKoMn03IHIIH 0
IOHOCTH nPICaTenSi (rpaMnJI8CTHHKH 83 cepHH CTpaHHu.bJ
143

'"
,t" I ".
- - 
., .
....,
,
1" ..... if
....1
'\
'0 "\
.,
,i 'Yo _
....
....
-. tI-. .;- ..;-
" t....  "t 'Oil
"' r -"p
2-
_. _r}?-'lr t
-\:
r
I..... J" Or
j:-
" J
.4'! j
"'",
Ir 
-';'.J T ,
 -"'l. 
.$, '
...
.' J.;
.' 
...",
.,
b;. 

, .
0....
....
,.'f ,
r.
. .
. ...
.r- ,
:. "
,
....
B. f.1oraHCOn. ,nonpoc KOM1\fynnCTOJJ.
pal1.I10rrepe.aq»). POl\IilH (I)a,lI.eeBa CB5IJ3U C ero J1l1tJHOii
,.,. u
CY.J.bOOH, C ero BnellaT.rICHIIH!\'IH IOIIOCTH; CTpaHHllbl pOl\laHa
npOHH..iaIlLI JIIlpHqHOCrbIO pa3.rr.Yl\b5[Mli 0 Cl\lblCJIe 11 UCJIII
LKH3HH.
Pa,lI,lIOI{Ol\fH031IIJ.IIH naQUH3eTCH C paCCI{a3d 0 ncpno.n.e
peBOJIlOlJ.HOHHOI1 'I,efll e,J]bHOCTH cD alleena, COnpOBO)K.!1.aeTCH
l'rlY3hIKOH, YCH.,1HB3IOII!eil JIlIpnllCCKOe 3BYQaHHe BocnOi\'IHHa"
1I1IH TIlIC3Te,f]j] 0 cBocii IOHOCTI1: «EC.,1JH BhI QHTa.rIH «1\1oJIOllYIO
rBap,aHIO», TO D JIHplPICCKOfvI OTCTYIIJICHIIH, HaQIHI31ow.eJ\.lCH
C.,'IOBal\1111: «,LLpyr i\10H! .u.pyr l\loiil..», 51 nnca.rl lIl\ICHHO 0 fPH"
lue DHJIH:\feTlKo, }{aK 0 rxpyre, KOTOpbIH }KJ].a.H l\1eHH, QTo6bt
IIal\f Bl\leCTe .rr.o6HpaTbcH .lI.O YlJH.TJI1lll.a. pyr 3TOT - o6pa3
co6HpaTeJIbHbIll, HO 3'1'0 1eCTO - 0 lIel, 0 rpHllle 5H4I1HIell.
KO, II 060 Ule...».
PaccKa3 06 yqaCTHH cPa.n.eeaa B Be.'UKofl OTeqeCTBcH"
110M nOHHe Y1JJlTe.'lb J],onOJIH5IeI (l)parl\IeUTaI\/1I1 Y1J:e6noro I<U--
HOq>UJlbMa «A.,eKCaH.llp <1>a.rr.ccB» (<<cI>a..Qeen OCl\laTpHBaeT
TaHI{», «cI>a.n.eeB cpe.Qn 60I u lIJ,on» Ii T. Ll.).
ECTb 3JI.eCb KaLlplJI, nOBecTBYloIllHe 0 nOe31lI<e nnCaTCJIH B
f. KpacHooH. lal\f <P a.ll.eCB cooupaeT l\laTcpn.rIbI 0 rro,Q-
144

nOJlbllOH IO10JI.e}KnO OpraHH33nHH, BCTpeQaeTCS1 C pO,ltHTe-
JIHMH l\10.nO.llOrBaplleHUeB. YqHTeJlb 110nOJJHSleT (jJH,,'1bM pac-
CK330M 0 CJ10JKHOH pa60Te nnCaTeJlH no coopy MaTepH8..'13,
nOI<33bIBaeT cfJoTorpa<f>HH KOl\lMYHHCTOB <1>. JIIOTHKoBa,
H. BapanoBa - opraHH3aTopOB H PYKoBOJI.HTeJIefl «Mono...
.nOM rBapJI.HH», KJIYtS HM. rOpbKoro B KpacHoJJ.oHe, JI.OM OJIe-
ra KomeBoro, KOMHaTY )KOPbI ApYTIOIUIHu.a, r,l{e neqaTaJlHCb'
JIHCTOBKH, H T. ,ZI..
«Mo.no.!la fI rBa PJlHH» - pO:\-f aH I Horon..1J aHoBblH, n03ToMY
H3YlIeHHe ero peKoMen.nyeM CTpOHTb Ha aH8J'IH3e OCHOBHblX
...
r.naB C nepH0,l1lt4ecI<Iff npMB.1JeQeHHeM BTopocTenenlbIx 9nH-
30JI.OB. Cyll.teCTByer HeCKO.'1bKO 1\IerOJI.HlIeCKMX B3 pHaHToB
H3YQeHHH pOl'tf8H3. Ho KaKoH 6bl 1'13 HIiX He H30paJ1 ytlH-
TeJIb, OH ,l10JDKelI 06}J8THTb ocoooe BIIHl\tlaHHe Ha repOHKO-pO-
M [l HTHtleCKYIO YCTpel\-IJleUHOCTL npOlt3BeJ1.eHHH.
B .lI.pyrHx BH.lI.aX HCKYCCTBa (rpa$HKe, CKY.'1bnType, KH-
110, cneKT3 Kine, onepe) Te}\.f 8 «}\'\0J10110H rBa PJl.UlI» T8K >Ke
. u
npOHH3aHa penOJlJOl.{HOHIIOH pOM aHTHKOH.
npH aHa..'IH3e pOMaH8 }KeJIaTe.HbHO nOK83aTb HJ1J110CTpa..
nUH XYJlO>KHHKOB-rpaclJHKoB A. Pe3HHqenKO, <1>. rJIe60Ba,
B. I..Uer.'10B8 H npe,ll.JIO}l{HTb yqall!HfCH naHTH nauoonee
6J1H3KMH no C1\1bICJIY TeKCT K K3>K.lI.OH H..'1..'1IOCTpaUHH.
Y4HTeJIb nOKa3blB8eT <pOTopenpO,ll.YKu.HIO cKynbnTypbl
B. (}JHBCHCKoro «CHI.TIbHee CMepTU», p8CKpb10aJOIIJ.YJO HecrH..
6aefoe l\'IY>KCCTBO 1'1 CTOHKOCTb repoeB B oopboe C BparaMH,
a T3K>Ke I1aMHTHIiK nOrnOll1Hf Mo..'O.llOrB8pJI.cfIUaM B r. Kpac..
H0,l10He (paOOT3 cKy.nbnTopOB B. \YXHIIOH, B. ArMOaJIOBa,
B. <l>e,ll.lICHKO). Ha BblCOI<Ol\t1 nOCT8MCHTe H3 rpaHHTa, lIa
$OHe pa3BeBalOlIJ.erOCS1 3Har.feHH CTOSIT Mo..'10J{orBap.neHUbl.
OHH npeHCnOJlHellbl CH.1Jbl, MY>KeCTB8 H Be..'1HQHH. OnpeJl.eJIHB
H!1eHHbIH 3al\fblCeJI, Y1.IHT€'J1b 06'bHCHHeT, lITO B CKYJlbnType
6uIBaeT KOl\fJI03HUIISI ,lI.Hna fvfHQeCK8SI He/1M CTaTHQH8H. B .naIl-
HOl't1 MOHYl\feHTe YQalI!HeCH onpe.l1eJ1nIOT .llHHafHKY KOMno-
SHUHH B OBopOTe <l>Hryp, ,n,SHiKeJlHH PYK, rOJIOB, B pa3Be-
BCiIOIu.eMCS1 3na MeIlH.
- 4TO ooll.tero B CKYv'1bIIType B. clJHDeHcKoro H naMHT"
HHKe?
- liTO HX paSnHQaeT?
06I.UHM HBJIHetCS1 CTpeM..'1eHHe nepeJI.aTb qepTbl .n.YXOBHO"
ro OtSJlHK8 n3rpHoTOB, HX BepllOCTb K01\'Il\'IYHIICTHqeCKOH nap-
THH, PO.lI.HHe.
C nOMOrnbfO YQHTeJ1H CeMHKJ1aCCHHJ{M OTl\fe4aIOT pa3J1H-
tIHe J{BYX >KaHpOB CKYJIbnTypbI. CTaIlKOBoe npOH3Be.neHHe'
145

F
 JO.'-\l .......I"'11t;rn 
" '. -t.
"t-
'"
" .,:
l
(.,.l
, .


1'. -."t:
.... .. {
:l;;.""
'"
"
::-/
J

I
"
'.
. .
;?
"
.. ... ...:.
,....--.. .
,,:......0..
't
, } of

..
)o)."I'?' "r..l;)
".- $, ..
-tz
...}
'"
f';r ...;' .
I
I 
-}
0(
" .
< ,
...,
If
l
")-"
/"
..i..../.-<;lr""
t
t-

. ..
- J
" ')"r,J( 
J-o
'.
"1. _ ' .
<  /,
..."' I'" 
.... 
. '"
.,:}
.t
" f
;'t ".
)-r;..
... r ..I. "r
B cfJHneiicKHit CIV1tJHee CMPpTH.
B. HBeHCKoro Be paCCQHTaHO Ha paCCM3TpHBaHHC H3JI.3JIH,
0110 OOLTTee nO.lI.p06HO, 3JI.eCb neT nOCTaleHTa, KaK B nal\fHT-
IIHKe, KOTOphlH BoCnpHIIHl'vlaeTCSJ Cpe.l1H OOJlbIIIOro npOCTpan"
CTB a.
I13YQCHHC f.n an pOJ\lI3n3 B I<.nacce ltOtl1>KHO YBH3bIBaTbC5I
C }'vI aTepnaLTJ01\f, KOTOPh]" paCCl\faTpHBaerCH H3 BHel{w1JaCCHbIX
33HHTllSlX no 3TOH TerHe. B nepnYJo Olfepe.llb peKOMeH.llyeM
n03IlaKOl\'I HTb Y'la nUlXCH C onepoH 10.. lvlefiTyca «!v\oL'1011aH
rBap.lIJIH», KOTopaH BnepBbIe 6bIJIa nOCTaBJICHa lIa Cl.(eHe
146

RHeBCKoro Tearpa Onepbl If OaJleTa B 1947 r. B onepe pac...
KpbIBacrCH M°.aeH BblCOKoro MYiKeCTBa H naTpMOTU3!\fa COBeT-
CKoro HapoJta. TaK }J{e, KaK H B pOMane, B onepe COqeTaeTCH
rpa}f{.llaHCTBeHHo-naTpHoTHlIecKaH TeMa C npoHHKHoBeHHblM
JlHpH3MOM.
B K.J1aCCe MO>KHO npOCJIyrnaTb OT.n.eJIbHbIe .llY '3 TbI H cue..
Hbl, naH60Jlee HpJ<O paCKpbIBalOTl{Jle oopa3bI l\10JlOJI.OrBap-
.lleHueB (Cu.eHbJ KJlHTBbl, JI.onpoca). Ha.llo nOfO'lfb yqaIllHl'tICSI
nOqYBcTBoBaTb, KaK B MY3bIKe nYTeM npOl'HBOnOCTaBJ1eHHH
MY3bIKaJIbHbJX xapaKTepHcTHK COBeTCKoro HapO.lla Hero Bpa-
rOB paCKpbIBaerCH 60pboa .llBYX npOTHBOnOJIO>KHbIX H.lleO.TJO-
rHH - nporpeCCHBHaH, rYMaHuaH H peaKlI.HOHHBSl, qeJlODe-
KOHeHaBHCTHHqeCKaH.
TeMa ooplOUleroCH napOJI.a (oopa3bl wTHOJI.eH, HX MbICJIH
H nocTynKH) npOHH3aHa YKpaHIlCKHMH l\fe.,TJO.!J.HHl'tfH, 60eBbIMH
neCHHMH-MaplIIaMH, OJIHueTBOpHIOlll.HMH HecrJ16ae'1ble CH.'IbI
MOJlOllOrBapJI.eHueR. 3TH l'tfOTHBbI nepCnJ1eTalOTCfI C l\1Y>KeCT-
.  u
BeHHOH H nelJa,llbHOH MC.TJOJI.HeH B cJ.leHe .n.onpoca, C CypOBblM
HaneBOM «3aMYQeH TH}I{CJIOH HeBoneH», 3ByqallJ.HM K3K rHMII
6eCCMepTHIO 60PUOB 3a ClJaCTbe uapOll.a.
fleHTMOTMBOM onepw HBnHeTCH KJ1f1TBa M0J10OrBapJI.eH-
neB, KOTopaSi KaK 6bI OnpelleJIHeT ,lJ.aJlbIIefulIee pa3BHTHe
u
,lJ.eHCTBHH.
PeKOMell.n.yeM npOrJIymaTb OT.lleJIbHbJC apHH, xapaKTepH-
SYIOIl{He Toro HJlH HHoro MOJIO.ll.oro naTpnOTa, HanpHiep
apH030 Y JIM H3 nepBoro aKTa «JIIOOJlIO 51 CTenH J1eTHelO no..
 u 
pOH», OCHOBaHHoe Ha 3JIerH 1 IeCKOH, C03epu.aTeJIbHOH MeJIO-
Jl.HH, nepeXO.ll.SlweH 3aTeM B MY>KeCTBCHHYIO If TBep.n:YIO HH"
TOHaUlflO, HJIH apHH QJIera KorneBoro Ii Ce.preH Tlo,neHHlla,
npOHH3aHHbIe repOHKo-pOMaHTHQeCKHM llaCTpOeHHef.
Hano oopaTHTb BHHMaHHe yqaU{HXCH H Ha pOJ1b opKeCT-
pa B onepe. B «MO.,10.ll.0H rnapJlHH» opKeCTp nepe.lJ.aeT Bce
OCHOBHbIe MY3bTKaJIbHbIe xap aKTepHCTHKH-:\-fOTHBbl. r JIaBHble
TeMbI onepbI 3apO>K.llaIOTCH HeHHO B opl<eCTpe, 3BYQaT CHa..
tJaJIa 3,l1eCb, a 3aTeM Y.>Ke ncpeXO.ll.HT B BOK3.HbHble napTHH.
Ho OCHOBHblM cpeltCTBOM BbTpa3HTeJIbHOCTH B onepc HB..'1HeTCfI
BOK8JIbHaH MeJlO.llHH, OCHOBallHaH I1a neceHIILIX UIlTOHaUHHX
cTapoA H COBpeMeHHofl Hapo.n.HOH YKpaHHCKOH neCHH.
H3YQHB pOMaH, CJIeJl.yeT nOCMOTpeTb BO BHeKJlaCCHOe Bpe-
MH 3KpaHH3anMIO «MOJIO,llOH rBap.llnJI».
<J>HnbM, C03.llaHHbIH pe>KHCCepOM C. repaCHMOBbIM, YlJa-
lllHeCH CMOTpHT C YBJIeqeHHef, HeBOJIbHO cpaBHHBaH H cono-
CTaBJIHSI 06pa3bI clJH.J1bl\1a H I{HHrIf. 3a.n.aqa YIIHTeJIH - C.lle-
J47

Jl8Tb CpaDIlHTeu1bHblH aHaJIH3 oOJlee rJlYOOKHM, HaYQHTb
" 0 . u'
nOHHMaTb H,neHHbIH Cl\1bICJI npOH3Be.n.eHHH, KOTOpblH paCKpbl-
BaeTCH cpe.nCTBaMH JlBYX pa3J1HQHbIX BH.n.OB HCKYCCTna.
Eece.n.y MO>KIIO HaqaTb C TaKoro Borrpoca:
- lITO npOH3BeJlO Ha Bac ocooeHHO CHJlbHOe BrreqaTJIe-
HHe B «pHJIbMe?
B xo.n.e 310M 6ecel1bJ OOblqHO BbISlCHSleTCSI, QTO na Ylla..
rnHXCH 60..TJb1llOe BnellaT.TJenHe npOH3BeJlH K8,n,phl, 01.JJHlIalO-
laHeCH HpKOH «KHHeMaTorpa$HlIHOCTbIO», OOJIbllIOH 3pH1\fO"
CTblO. Pellh HD.eT 06 arrH30.l1ax, CHSlTblX KpynHbIM fi.JJ a1l01:
HaHOOJlee HanpSl>KeHHbIe cueHbI CTO.J1KHOBeHHH C neMeUKHMH
cpawHcTaMH; JIHu.a repoeB, pacKpblB8I01ll.He HX BHYTpellHHe
nepe>KHBaHHH; OT.n.eJIbHble .neTaJIH, KOTopble no.aqCpKHBalOT
o "
C..TJO>KHbIH nCHXOJIOrHqeCKHM MOMeHT, HarrpHMep 3ITH30D.
BCTpeqH $aUIHcToB C MOJI0.Z10rBa p.n.eHualVIH, KOTopble H!l.yr
na Ka3l1b.
- B lIel\f OJIH30CTb H pa3J1HlIHe repoeB pOfaHa II
O.lIHOHMeIIIIoro )H,nha?
3TOT Borrpoc 3aCTaBIiT YllalUHXCf1 6o.nee B.Z1YMQliBO cpaB"
HHBa1b, COITOCTaBJ1HTb 11 XapaI{TepH30BaTb repoeo.
B 50-e rO!l.bl O]lHH 113 BblJI.aIOlUHXCH COBeTCKJfX TeaTpa..lb-
HblX pe>KHCCepOB H. OXJIOnKOB nOCTaBH.JJ cneKTaK.TJb «f\,\OJIO"
J].aSl rBap.anH», r.lle nepeJI.&Ha cpalteeBCKaH pOMaHTHtIeCKaSl
B3BO.1HOBaIlHOCTb. r.JJaBHaH l\1bIC.'1b cneKTaKJ1S1 - 6eCCMep.
THe repOMqeCKOrO nO.llI3Hra. 9 fO nO!1QepI{HBaeTCH OOJlblllOH
MaCllITa6HOCTbIO cneKTal{.1H, OTCYTCTBHeM OblTODbIX .n.eTaJleH
B .n.eKopaUHHX, D3BOJIHOBaHHOH MY3b1KOH C. PaxMaHHHoB3,
8JJbl1\f CTS1rOM, OJJHUeTBCpHfOll1HM noGe.llY H 6eccMepTHe.
Oco6eHHO 3anOMlillaeTCH <pHHa..TJbHaH CLlena CneKTaKJIH,
o
r.n.e MOJIo.n.orBapJI.eHbl - IOHbIe, KpaCHBble, YCTpeMJIellllble
Bnepe,l1 - S8CTblJlH B nopbIBe t KaK >KHBaS! cKYJIbnrypa.

JlI1TEPATYPA
K. MapKC H 4>. 3Hrenbc 06 HCKyccTBe. M., «MCKYCCTBO:', 1957-1958.
B. H. JI e H H H. 0 KYJlbType H HCKyccTBe. M., «HCKYCCTBO:', 1956.
11porpaMMa KOMMYHHcTH'IecKoA napTHu ConeTcKoro CotoJa. M., roc-
nOnHTH3J1.8T, 1961.
OT'IeTHbJA ,lI.OKna.ll UeHTpanbHoro KOMHTeT8 Knee XXIV C"be3JtY KOM-
MYlJHCTPI'IeCKOA ns pTHH COBeTcKoro COJ03a. M., nOJlHTH3.llST, 1971.
n. H. B p e >K II e B. 0 nstTHl1.E'CstTHneTHH COJ038 ConeTcKHx COUHanHc-
THqeCKHxecny6nHK. M., nOnHTH3.!1.8T, 1972.
Ann a T 0 B M. B. BHKTOp MHxaHnOBHtJ BacHeu.oB. M., H30rH3, 1954.
A H H K H H B. M. PYCCKHA (5oraTLlpcKuA snoc. noco(5ue AnSI Y'IHTeJUI.
M., «npOCBew.eHHe», 1964. ..
B 8 P a HOB C. 51. PYCCKoe HapO.D.HOe n03TI{QeCKOe TBoptteCTBO. M., Yq-
neJ1rH3, 1962.
1) e.'1 3 a 11. <P. BTopaH «BoraTblpCK8st» CHM€pOHHH BOpOJ1HHa. M., MY3-
rH3, 1966.
r JI 0 B 8 U K H A B. C. JIepMoHToB H MY3b1Ka. M.- JI., «MY3b1Ka», 1964.
I I. roro..1b B nopTpeTax. Hn.'uoCTpaIJ.URX, JtoKYMeHTax. noco(5He Jtnst yqR-
Te.aeH CpeJl.HeH WKO.,T'lbI. COCT. A. r 0 P A H H. M.- JI., YqneJtrH3, 1953.
r 0 n Y 6 e B 8 3. K. Eece.llbl 0 PYCCI(HX XYJl.O>KHHK8X. BTopaSi nOJ[OBHH8
XIX B. JI., YQneJl,rH3, 1960.
r 0 P JI. e e B a E. M. Moryqast KY'IKa. M., «MY3bIKa», 1966.
JI. 0 () pox 0 TO B B. B. A.neKCaUJl.p AnB(5beB. TSOp'leCKHil nYTb. M.,
«MY3b1Ks:" 1966.
}K e r H H n. . 513b1K >KHBOnUCHoro npoH3Be.nennn. (YcnoBHocTb .n.peB-
Hero HCKYCCTB8). M., «HCKYCCTBO», 1970.
)l(H3Hb H nHpa. COCT. E. cI>. H H K H T H H a. rpaBlOpbl H o€j>opMneuHe
A. H. MHUteHKo. t, «KHHra», 1970.
}KH3Hb H TBOp'leCTBO M. 10. JIepMOJITOB8. MaTepH8nbl .!IJlst BblCT8BKH
B WKone H J1eTCKOH ()HonHoTeKe. M., «.lIeTcK8B nHTepaTypa», 1964.
3 B 0 H IJ. 0 B B. OCHOBbi nOHHM8HHSI rpa€j>HKH. M., H3J1.-BO AK8.n.eMHH
xYJtO>KeCTB CCCP, 1963.
3J1eCb 1KHn nYWKHH. nYWKHHcKHe MeCTa ConeTcKoro C01033. n., neH-
H3.l1aT, 1963..
H 11 b H H M. OCHOBhI apxHTeKTypbI. M., HS.ZJ.-BO AK8J[.eMHH xYJ10>KeCTB
CCCP, 1963.
K 0 Ban e ]] C K a J[ H. PYCCKHA KJlaCCHIJ.H3M. )l<HBonHcb, CKYJlbnTypa,
rpa€j>HKa. M., «HCKYCCTBO:', 1964.
K 0 B T Y H E. KaK cMoTpeTb KapTHHY. (513b1K >KHBOnHcH). JI., Yttne.l1rH3.
1960.
K 0 pH H JI 0 B n. H. nepMoIITOB H H30(5pa3HTenblloe HCKYCCTBO. cHeBa:.,
1964. Nt 10.
149

JT 8 n Y HOB S Ii. ct>. B. r. nepoB. J\\., «JtlcKyccTBo»,. 1968.
11 e 6 e D. e B A. K. Cracon H pyccKHe XYJ1.0>KHHKH. \., I1sD.-BO AKaJl.e..
MHH XYAO}KeCTB CCCP, 1961.
JI e 0 H T be Bar. K. nn10l\Ulbl Mya. KHHra 0 PYCCKHX 30LlQHX, BaHTeJI5IX
H >KHDonHCl(8X nepBOH nOJIOnHUbi XIX BeK8. II., «HCK}'CCTBO», 1968.
M. 10. JIepl\fOI1TOB B nopTpeT8x, HJI.mocTpau.HSlx, ;toKYMeHT8x. noco6ne
D.JIH Y 1 )HTeJIeH, COCT. E. A. KOB8JIeBCK8H. B. A. MsuyiiJIOB. n., yq..
nD.rH3, 1959.
H e K pac 0 n a Nt I1cKyccTBo nall1exa. M., «CoBeTcKHH xY Jl.O>KHHK»,
1966.
,
H e C T be B. H. K8K nonHfaTb MY3LIKY? M" MY3rH3, 1962.
06pa3 rOpLKoro B H..,..'1JOCTpSLlHSlX coneTCKHX XY,QO>KHHKOB. M., M30rH."),
1954.
OTetteCTBeHH8f1 sOHHa 1812 fO)l.a B PYCCKOH >KHnOnHCH. M., M30fH3,
1962.
n a n e p II hi H 3. C. n03TJllICCKHli oopa3 Y 1\\aHKoBcKoro. M., H3J1.-BO
AH CCCP, 1961.
nap a MOil 0 B A. HJIJIIOCTpaUHH PcnHH8. M., «MCKYCCTBO», 1952.
nepe.!lDHj){HHKH. 1870-1970. AJIb6oM. ABTOpCK. TeKCT H COCT. A. B. n a-
p 3 M 0 HOD. 1\\., «l1cKyccTBo», 1971.
nOM e p a Hue B S 3. B. PYCCK8H Hapo)l.H8H CKa3Ka. M., H3,Z1-BO AH
CCCP, 1963.
P a K H T H H B. H. MHXaHJI Bpy(5eJlb. M., «HCKYCCTBO», 1971.
P e 3 3. 51. M. 10. J1CpMOHTOB B WKO..'1e. M., YtlneJtfH3, 1963.
C 8 "' b K 0 O. H. fiOpHC HoraHcoH. M., «H30(5p83HTeJIbHOe HCKYCCTBO»,
1970.
. «CJIOBO 0 no.nKY HropeBe» B HJlJIIOCTpaU.HflX H AOKYMeHTax. COCT. O. n H-
I[]f, JI., YQnC.!I.rH3, 1958.
COT H H K 0 B A. T. XYAO>KeCTBeHH3f1 H.'1JIIOCTpaLlHSY H8 ypOKSX nHTepa-
Typbl. M., «npOCBew.eHHe», 1970.
Cox 0 P A. H. AJI('KcaHLlp nOpq.HpbeBHtt BOpOltHn. /KH3HL, lleHTe.llb-
HOCTb, MysblKaJIbUOe TBop 1 1ecTBo. J\\.- JI., «MY3b[KS», 1965.
A. ct>aAecB B noprpeTax H HJI.mOCTpau.USlX. nOCo6He AnSI yqHTeJIeA. AJlb"
(50M. M., «npOCReUI.eHHe», 1964.
ct> e Jl 0 P 0 B- Ll a B bI A 0 B A. A. HJIbSl EcI1HMOBHQ PenHH. M., «l1cKycCT"
BO», 1961.
X Y 60 B r. H. MycoprcKHit !v1., «1\1Y3L1KS», 1969.
III a II H H H. <1>. CKa3Ka B TBOp1JeCTee PYCCKHX XYAO}l{HHKOB. Anb60M,
M., «HCKYCCTBO». 1969.

COEPll\AHHE
BBeeB1Ie
CI\83RH, ():bInIlHbJ, nOCJlOBRTJ;bl,
3
7
22
27
76
94
123
129
136
141
DorOBopKD
«CnOBO 0 nO..1KY HrOpeBe»
A. C. IIymlHII
M. 10. JIepl\fOHTOB
II. B. foroJl b
H. A. IIeKp8COH
A. M. rOpbKliH
B. B. Manl(OnCKUH -----_
A. A. cI>a,l\een
,
JlI060Sb H UICUt/Jt?POSHtJ CUMO".HICO
HCKYCCTBO Ha ypOKax Pyc:cKoA JlHTepaTypbl
8 4-8 Knaccax
PeJl,aKTOp A. l/J. )/(ypasBAb
J]HTpe.ll8KTOp /1. A. nono(JBHICO
XYJI,o>KecTB. peJl,8KTOp H. f/J. OCTantCO
06JIO>KKa xy.o.O>KHRKa P. 1(. nOxaAlOlCo
TexHH1I. pe.o.8KTop r. r. CaAu80H
KoppeKTop H. H. /(YTawBeU'l
CJI,aHO B H8tiOP INI 1973 r. nOJl,nncallo
K nC1I8TH 14/11 -74 r. C!>opMaT 84 X 108 11...
BYMar8 Nt :l }TcnOBH. neq. ..1HCT 7.98 +
+ 0,42 BM. Yq.. H3J1,. nHCT. 7,95 + 0,32 BKn"
THpaJK 115.000. Be%> 07744. H3J1,aTe.1bcTBO
cPa,D,SlHCbK8 WRona» fOCY.l1apCTBeHHoro KO-
MHTeTa CODCTa MHHHCTPOB YKpaHHCKoA CCP
no Jl,eJJa M H3.l18TeJJbCTD, nOJlHrpa4>HH H KHII>K-
HOft TOprOBJlH, KHeB. '}'n. IOpHH J{onI06HtI-
£«oro_ 5. H311. NI 21825. UeH8 48 Kon..
_ -- 3aK. 3-1299.
XapbKoBcKaH KHH>KH8n 4>a6pHKa CKOMMY-
HHCT. pecny6nnK8HcKoro npOH3B0.l1CTBeIiHoro
06'JI,HHeHHSI CnonHrpa4>KHHra» fOCKOMH3,D.a.
r8 YCCP. XnpbKoB, yn. SnreJIbca. II.

KHH)I(HAjI nOJlKA
K BHHM8HHIO YQHTeneA pYCCKOrO R3b1a H JlHTepa Typt
,
BbltuAU B 1973 eoag
B 0 U K 0 M. H. COIJHHeHHR no JlHTepaType B cpe.ll.Heii WKone. H3.l1. 2.
UeHa 40 Kon.
a KHHre paccMaTpHBaeTcSI CHCTCMa nHCbMeHHblX pa60T no pyc..
CKOH JlHTepaType. Y'IHTeJlb HaUJl.eT 3lJ.eCb onHcaHHe npou.ecca o(5YQC-
HUH B8>KneHWHM BH,!18M COtlHHeHHfl no JlHTep8Type: HHJ1HBH.!IY8J1bIlOH.
cpaBHHTeJlbHOH, rpynnoBoH xapaKTepHCTHKaM, 8HanH3Y npOH3BeeHH
H paa(5opy rpynnbl npOH3BeJl.eHHit
eTOAHKa npenOAaBaHHH pYCCKoro H3YKa H nBTepaTYpY. Pecny6nHK3H-
CKHM HaYttHo-MeTOJJ.HtteCKHH C(50PHHK. BbJn. 8. nO.ll pe.l1. BOHKO M. H.
UeH a 62 Kon.
J(3HHLIH BLInycK C(50PHHK8 COCTOHT H3 .nBYX pasJteJlOB. nepBblfl
nOCBHUlaeTCH nonpoc3M MeTOD-HKH npen0J1aB3HHH Sl3blKa H JlHTepa..
Typbl B CpeJI.HeH WKOfle. Bo BTOpOM pa3,iJ,e.ne paccMaTpHBalOTcSI
HeKoTopble npo(5.,1eMbl H3ytteHHB JlHTep8Typhi H H3bIK8 B BY3e.
fOTOSRTCR K neaTU B 1974 2oay:
By H .n be K H A B. A. I(ypc Ha MacTepcTBo. H3.l1. 2. UeH8 60 Kon.
B KHHre OCBewalOTCH HaH(50Jlee cymecTBcHHhle Bonpochl MeTO"
Jl.HKH H3Y'leHHH JlHTep8TYPbl B 4-7 KJl8Ccax.
n y C TO B 0 U T n. r. OT cnOBa K 06pa3Y. UeHa 55 Kon.
H8 M8repHaJ1e npOH3Se.Z1eHHA PYCCKoft JIHTepaTypb1, KOTopb1e
H3yt181OrcB B cpel1HeA liKone, 8STOp nOKa3YBaeT pOJTb CJlOBa B
C03J1.aIlHH xapaKTepa repoSl, paCCK83b1BaeT 0 llH8J1eKTHQeCKOM e.l1Hn-
CTBe CJIOB8 H 06pa3a B xY110>KeCTBeHHoM npOH3BeJl.eHHH, 06 HH.Z1HBH-
.nyaJlH3aUHH B xYJJ.O>KeCTBeHHOM 0(5pa3e. B Konne KHHrH nOJl.8eTCR
anuoTHpoB3HH8 H (5H6J1HOrpa<jJHR.
P 0 M a HOB C K H H A. K.. B ape y K M. St. )l(H3HI» BO HMR 6YJl.ym.ero.
1I-CH a 41 Kon.
3T3 KHHra - OqepK 0 H8YQHO-neJl.arOrH'IecKoA H JlHTeparypHoli
.nenTeJlbHOCTH K. .l(. ,rliHHcKoro.
3TH KHHrH MO)KJlO npHo6peCTH HJlB 9aKa3aTh 80 Bcex MeCTtlbl
KHH>KHbIX Mara3HHax. B cJIY'Iae HX OTCYTCTBHH TaM. cOBeryeM o(5pa-
lUaTbCH B Mar83HHb1 H OTJl.eJIbi «KUHra - nO'lToA» COOTBeTCTOY(()UJ.ero
06KHHrOTopra HJIB o(5nnoTpe6cOID38, nHO B c ne nHanH3HpOBaHHUH
M8ra3HH «KHHra - nOI(TO"» (252117. KHeB..l11, YJI. nonYJl.peHKO, 26).
n pU.Me'laHue: Ha H3J1.8HHH. KOTopble rOTOBHTCR K neQaTH, nellbl
YKa3anbl OpHeHTIJ pOBotlHb1e.
H3AATEJIbCTBO cPAAjlHCbKA WKOnA.

,
.

...
r-
r
,
l

r \
'."
".
,
/
./

'\
'\
-
/
/
\..
.......
r
-
-
.......
,
"
" ,
\
/
\
"

8 KO n.
\'anJlHCb
1
.
-
Wit ,-11
...