О 00

BUDDHISTS IN
NEW CHINA
Edited by the Chinese Buddhist Association
1956
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3


The Wheel of Law rotates for ever,
and the Sun of Buddhism increases its glory day by day.
^7L 1115-1234 ^), Ж© Ф й
йш^фй^и,
The Kwangchi Monastery, constructed during the Kin Dynasty
(1115-1234), is one of the famous Buddhist temples in Peking.
The premises of the Buddhist Association of China are located
here. Picture shows the "sarira-pavilion" in the Kwangchi
Monastery, where the holy tooth-relic of the Buddha is kept and
worshipped.
(&Л. 1723 4£), iW 2.7	'
A wooden statue of Sakyamuni Buddha
in the main shrine-hall of the Kwang-
chi Monastery. Made in 1723, it is
2.7 metres in height.
8


The holy tooth-relic in the Golden Lotus of the Seven-Jewel Golden Pagoda
is one of the four left by the Buddha after his Nirvana.
Left: The Seven-Jewel Golden Pagoda in
the Kwangchi Monastery where the holy
tooth-relic is kept.
11
(^Х 1071 ^),^Х 1900	О^‘9\ЕШЖ’’^ЙЛ|^,^Ф^ЙЖЙ0Ф/Й
1ш^ф®-л^жляш«Жо
The holy tooth-relic of the Buddha was originally kept in the Pagoda
of One Thousand Painted Buddhas in the western hills, Peking. This
pagoda, built in 1071, was destroyed by gunfire in 1900 during the
invasion of the Joint Forces of eight imperialist powers. The tooth-relic
which had been kept here was unearthed from the ruins by the monks
of the Lingkwang Monastery. The terrace in the picture, on which a
small pavilion has been built, is the original foundation of the Pagoda
of One Thousand Painted Buddhas.
A rubbing of inscriptions on a
"dew basin' of the Pagoda of
One Thousand Painted Buddhas.
Rubbings of pagodas carved on
bricks of the Pagoda of One
Thousand Painted Buddhas.
,#fi5.3^K.o #ЙЙз51Йлк№КЙ^-ро	A bronze statue of Buddha in a recumbent posture, in the Wofu Monastery in the western hills,
Peking. 5.3 metres in length, it was cast in 1321. Behind, stand the images of Buddhas disciples.
16	17

8 4^(^7Ё1348^), Д/ёйЖЕбЖй® WKl+o
The White Dagoba at the Miaoying Monastery in Peking, constructed
in 1348, was designed by Anika, an architect of Nepal.
18

The Tungchiao Nunnery, a famous
convent for Bhiksunis in Peking.
19
The Five-Pagoda Temple in Peking was constructed in 1403 by Pancha-Dharma,
an Indian Bhiksu, after the fashion of the Buddha-gaya Temple in India.
.-------
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589—618 %.) о
A pagoda in the
Tienning Monastery,
Peking, built in the
Sui Dynasty (589-
618).
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2£ФШ®7 4? (£Х 1579 #О,Д 120£Ro
Mt. Wutai Pancasirsha in Shansi province,
one of the four famous mountains
revered by Buddhists in China, is the
holy place of Manjusri Bodhisattva. The
illustration shows the general view of the
Hsientung Monastery and the Tayuan
Monastery on Mt. Wutai. The white
dagoba in the centre of the picture is the
"sarira-stupa" in the Tayuan Monastery,
built in 1579. It is 120 metres in height.

The Fukwang Monastery on Mt. Wutai, built in 857, is one of the most ancient Chinese
wooden structures in existence. Here is the main shrine-hall of the Fukwang Monastery.
A statue of Sakyamuni Buddha made in the Tang
Dynasty (618-907) in the main shrine-hall of
the Fukwang Monastery.
25

й8Мо
The Shuhsiang Monastery on Mt. Wutai
was built in the Ming Dynasty (1368-1643).
Picture shows the statue of Manjusri
Bodhisattva riding on a lion, 8 metres high,
in the main shrine-hall of this Monastery.
The Great Hsientung Monastery on Mt. Wutai is
reputed to have been built in the reign of Emperor
Ming (58-75) of the Han Dynasty. Picture shows
the "Tripitaka Pavilion" (library) in this Monastery.

ШЛ1 WUftHS Ф
н
Mt. Omei in Sze-
chuan province, one
of the four famous
mountains sacred to
the Buddhists in
China, is the holy
place of Samantab-
hadra Bodhisattva.
Picture shows the
Golden Peak on Mt.
Omei.

И4	ФЙОД
5 ^(^X980^),i!W&Ro
Left: A bronze statue of Samantabhadra
Bodhisattva, about 7 metres high, in the
Brick Hall of the Wannien Monastery on
Mt. Omei. It was cast in 980.
The Wannien Monastery is one of the famous Buddhist temples
on Mt. Omei. Originally known as the "Samantabhadra
Monastery", it was first built in the early years of the Tang
Dynasty (7th century), and re-constructed in 1602 after which
it was re-named the Wannien Monastery, popularly known as
the ''Beamless Temple."

Mt. Putu (Potalaka), one of the four famous mountains sacred to the Buddhists in
China, is the holy place of Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva. It is an island off the eastern
shore of Chekiang province. Picture shows a general view of Mt. Putu.
33

The main shrine-
hall of the Puchi
Monastery on Mt.
Putu.
ШдайШ»
A statue of Avalokitesvara
Bodhisattva in the main
shrine-hall of the Puchi
Monastery.
Н&100&Ж,?Й&Й 2500 &RO ЙДЛ^ШЙИ^ШЮДЙШ.
36
Mt. Chiuhua in Anhuei province, one of the four famous mountains sacred
to the Buddhists in China, is the holy place of Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva.
It is about 100 kilometres around and 2,500 metres above sea level.
Picture shows a bird's-eye view of part of the monasteries on Mt. Chiuhua.
37
The scenic Tientai Peak of Mt. Chiuhua,
on which stands the Ksitigarbha Temple.
Bk.

£_ЕИ:
Фйякшвто й&тй: л
ЖШ WMt ®#8
Upper right: A statue of
Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva in
the "Hall of Ksitigarbha's
Corporeal Body" on Mt.
Chiuhua. Lower right:
The "Hall of Ksitigarbha's
Corporeal Body" on the
Shenkwang Peak of Mt.
Chiuhua.


A corner of the
Mokao Grottoes
of Tunhuang.
АЖИЕЙДФ ®	Ш W	^X336-1368
<5®(469ffl, Ж>2000ЙГ@:о
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The Tunhuang Grottoes in Kansu province boast the largest collection of Buddhist
art treasures in China. Statues of Buddha and mural paintings dating from the
Northern Wei Dynasty to the Yuan Dynasty (386-1368) have been preserved
here. There are 469 caves with more than 2,000 statues. Picture shows
the middle section of a general view of the Mokao Grottoes of Tunhuang.
285
4	538 W
Cave No. 285 of the Mokao
Grottoes of Tunhuang was
made in 538. In it there
are many mural paintings
depicting the "Jataka" stories.
Picture shows a model of
the cave.
"Head-Shaving", a mural painting of the Tang Dynasty
(7th to 9th centuries) in Cave No. 25 at Yuling,
Tunhuang. (Copy)
"A Story of Vimalakirti", a mural painting in Cave
No. 220 of the Mokao Grottoes of Tunhuang,
depicts the story of Vimalakirti discussing the
"Gate of Unigue Law" with Manjusri Bodhisattva,
as related in the Vimalakirti-nirdesa-sutra. (Copy)
42

ЙЙЖ 79	(^7Е 7-9 Шй)
Statues of Buddha and his disciples
made during the Tang Dynasty (7th to 9th
centuries) in Cave No. 79 at Tunhuang.
Right: An image of Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva made
during the Tang Dynasty (7th to 9th centuries) in ,
Cave No. 384 at Tunhuang.

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(£-Tt 386 —
534 ¥)о	«#42'^0 й®®ЙеЖ£->0
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The Yunkang Grottoes, built during the Northern Wei Dynasty
(386-534), are situated at Yunkangpao in the northwest of
Tatung in Shansi province. Forty-two caves have been
excavated on the precipitous cliffs. Picture shows a general
view of the Yunkang Grottoes.
47
20 йФйЛВВо
A huge statue of Buddha in Cave
No. 20 of the Yunkang Grottoes.
Statues of Buddha and Bodhi-
sattvas in Cave No. 13 of the
Yunkang Grottoes.
48
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A huge statue of
Vairocana Buddha,
made during 672-
675 in the Feng-
hsien Monastery of
the Lungmen Grot-
toes. The largest
statue of the Lung-
men Grottoes, it
stands 17 metres
high.

Statues of the
Guardians beside
the huge image of
Vairocana Buddha in
the Fenghsien
Monastery.
The Lungmen Grottoes at Loyang, Honan province, are among the most famous
cave-temples in the world. They were built during a period of more than 600 years,
dating from the Northern Wei Dynasty to the early Sung Dynasty (5th to 11th
centuries). Picture shows a general view of the western side of the Lungmen Grottoes.
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задт*-^тшсь
The Maichishan (or Wheat Stack Hill) Grottoes
in the vicinity of Tienshui county, Kansu
province, were one of the ancient Buddhist
centres in China. They have been explored
and repaired since the Liberation. Statues and
mural paintings of the Northern Wei Dynasty
up to the Ming Dynasty (4th to the middle
of 17th centuries) are preserved here. An
important treasury of Buddhist art, they
contain more than 1,000 large statues.
Right: Images of Buddha
carved on the precipitous
cliffs of Maichishan.
52


the Maichishan
known as the
Pavilion') was
Northern Chou
(&7C 557-581	31 Ж
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Cave No. 4 of
Grottoes (also
"Seven-Buddha
built in the
Dynasty (557-581). It is 31
metres in length and 7 metres
in breadth, with columns 12
metres high. Magnificent and
imposing, it is a rare example
of the cave-making art in China.
X 960-1279 4£)
An image of Avalokites-
vara Bodhisattva made
in the Sung Dynasty
(960-1279) in Cave No.
165 of the Maichishan
Grottoes. It is one of the
most outstanding sculp-
tures of that period that
has come down to us.

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At Kucha, Paichen and Turfan in the Uighur Autonomous Region
in Sinkiang province, there are more than ten Buddhist grottoes,
built from the Northern Wei Dynasty up to the Sui and Tang
dynasties (386-907). Picture shows an external view of the
Hesherh "Thousand-Buddha Grottoes" at Paichen.
£-_ЫЦ:
Upper right: "Buddha
Expounding the Law", a mural
painting at the Hesherh
"Thousand-Buddha Grottoes"
at Paichen. Lower right: A
"Jataka" story, a mural painting
in the Hesherh "Thousand-
Buddha Grottoes" at Paichen.

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8ШЙ(£Х 7—9 »В)Фй*Во
The grottoes of the Pingling
Monastery consist of 124 caves.
These are the statues of Buddha
in Cave No. 51, a shrine of
the Tang Dynasty (7th to
9th centuries).



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(£д4Ч7Ш»Ж«о w
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The grottoes of the Pingling Monastery
in the west of Yungching county in
Kansu province are Buddhist cave-
temples of high artistic value. Picture
shows a general view of the grottoes
of the Pingling Monastery.
Й1ЖФ55ЙЖ 82
386—
"Buddha Entering Nirvana and His
Disciples"—A stone sculpture of
the Northern Wei Dynasty (386-
534) in Cave No. 82 of the
Pingling Monastery Grottoes.
(^X6i8-i6434p)
д^ьшжйд^^ж^ж+жво
The grottoes of Tachu in Szechuan province contain stone images of
Buddha made from the Tang to the Ming dynasties (618-1643). The
best sculptural work is on the Precious Peak and the North Hill.
Picture shows sculptures carved on the eastern side of the Tafuwan
Cliff on the Precious Peak.
An image of the Six-Armed Avalokitesvara
Bodhisattva with the Magic Wheels in Cave
No. 136 on the North Hill in Tachu county.
60


1368-1643
A clay image of Sakyamuni Buddha of the Ming Dynasty (1368-1643)
in the main shrine-hall of the White Horse Monastery, Loyang.
Й	&7E58-75 *?),««
и^йжфшНо
Left • The White Horse Monastery at Loyang, Honan province, the first Buddhist temple in
China, was built during the years 58-75. It is said that this was the place where Kasyapa-
Matanga and Dharmaraksa, the first two Indian Buddhist monks to come to China, translated
Buddhist sutras into Chinese. Picture shows the main gate of the White Horse Monastery.
63

A statue of the venerable
Kasyapa-Matanga in the
White Horse Monastery.
A statue of the venerable
Dharmaraksa in the
White Horse Monastery.

22 ^(^X 648
4£)o	ШМИШо ««Ш
> з 4К£х 652 ^),	ЖИЛгЙ#ЙИЖЖ0^дао
The Great Tzuen Monastery and the Tayen Pagoda at Sian in Shensi
province. Built in 648, the Great Tzuen Monastery was the
place where Hsuan-chuang, the Tripitaka-Master of the Tang
Dynasty, translated Buddhist scriptures into Chinese after he had
returned from India. The Tayen Pagoda, built in 652, was
designed by the venerable Hsuan-chuang to store the Buddhist
scriptures which he had brought home from India.
65

1335&,
»o нетеад (и ш
Hsuan-chuang, the Tripitaka-
Master of the Tang Dynasty,
was a great Chinese writer
and translator of Buddhist
scriptures. He studied
Buddhism in India for more
than ten years and translated
75 books of scriptures and
commentaries in 1,335
volumes, making a great
contribution to the inter-
change of ancient culture
between China and India, and
specially to the introduction
of Buddhist culture into
China. Picture shows a
woodcut of the venerable
Hsuan-chuang engaged in
translation, carved at the
beginning of the Ming
Dynasty (14th century).
A map showing the route by which the
venerable Hsuan-chuang travelled to the west.
Some of the scriptures
translated by the venerable
Hsuan-chuang and other
works written by him.
66
—B»asMt«= &*ж£йй₽#ф.
The Hsinchiao Monastery, situated about 20 kilometres to the south
of Sian in Shensi province and facing Mt. Chungnan, is known
for its beautiful scenery. In this Monastery are erected stupas for
the remains of Hsuan-chuang, the Tripitaka-Master of the Tang
Dynasty, and his two chief disciples, Yuan-che and Kuei-chi. This
is the stupa containing the remains of the venerable Hsuan-chuang.
*ffi£ (^ШЙЖЖВ) л, *WMHAWf®±-, W*^3 4p(^7E40i^)A
ЙФ,	И1®Ж^ФФй1йЖВП^и^о
The Tsaotang Monastery is situated at the foot of Mt. Kueifeng, 20 kilometres
to the southwest of Sian in Shensi province. In this monastery there is
a "sarira-stupa" of Kumarajiva, who was one of the three great Buddhist
translators in China. He translated Buddhist scriptures into Chinese in the
Tsaotang Monastery. Picture shows the "sarira-stupa" of Kumarajiva.
___л




^«жфя^^йййт в*^®^1е^,1£^1ж^ллн^о итгмФюшгЧо
The Chinglung Monastery at Sian in Shensi province was a centre of Esoteric
Buddhism in the Tang Dynasty. Kukai, a Japanese monk who had come to
China to study Buddhism in those days, stayed in this Monastery. It was Kukai
who invented "hiragana", the cursive Japanese syllabary, after the fashion of Chinese
handwriting, and it was also he who introduced Esoteric Buddhism into Japan.
Picture shows the main gate of the Chinglung Monastery.

The Pilu Monastery is one of the famous Buddhist
temples at Nanking. Picture shows the Wanfu Pavilion
in the Pilu Monastery, built in 1886.

70

Gi#j£

ЖВДЖ &7Е479-5574£) ,^frft294« ,ig>515#o
The "Thousand-Buddha Grottoes" on Mt. Chihsia,
Nanking, are famous for their rock-hewn architecture.
They were built between the Chi and Liang dynasties
of the Southern dynasties (479-557).
The Chiangtien Monastery on Mt. Chinshan
at Chengkiang, Kiangsu province, is a
famous centre of the Chan sect in China.
Picture shows a part of its premises.
72

The Lingyen Monastery, situated on Mt. Lingyen in the southwest suburb of
Soochow, Kiangsu province, is a famous centre of the Pureland sect in China.
This is the main shrine-hall of the Lingyen Monastery.
ЙЙ =	18	C^7C598^) Д
-600 4р),	з 4£(&Х 1129
Right: The Kuoching Monastery on Mt. Tientai in
Chekiang province, built in 598, is the original home
of the Tientai sect in China. Picture shows a pagoda
built in the Kuoching Monastery during the Kai-huang
period of the Sui Dynasty. Re-constructed in 1 129, it is
famous for its ancient architecture.
74


Left: A statue of Sakyamuni Buddha in the Tientung Monas-
tery. It was made in 1719.
(£тс зоо ^)o
The Tientung Monastery at Ningpo, Chekiang
province, constructed in 300, is another
famous centre of the Chan sect in China.
Picture shows the shrine-hall of the Tientung
Monastery.
405 4£),и
жнжзефй^^к, ЖФ^и^зЕ^т^эд^, fw«w йр£ /едакгёйо
The Asoka Monastery at Ningpo, Chekiang province, is one of China's
most famous Buddhist temples. It was built in 405. Picture shows the
Sarira-Hall in the Asoka Monastery, in which there is a "sarira-stupa",
reputed to have been made by King Asoka for the preservation of a
"sarira" of Sakyamuni Buddha.
/&EJ:
Right: The "sarira-stupa", said to have
been made by King Asoka, in the Sarira
Hall ‘ of the Asoka Monastery.
78


Ш	«ХЕ 15	(^х 516
Left: A colossal stone statue of Buddha in Tafu Monastery at Hsinchang,
Chekiang province, made by Seng-yu, a Master of Vinaya, in 516.
(&Х326-3344Р)
ЭИЭДКШь	1500 ИйВЬ
The Lingying Monastery at Hangchow in Chekiang province is another of our
most famous Buddhist temples. Since it was first constructed by Prajnanidana,
an Indian monk, in the Hsien-Ho period (326-334) of the Tsin Dynasty, it
has had a history of over 1,600 years. Picture shows the main shrine-hall of
the Lingying Monastery repaired after the liberation.
 -
&
W4
ЖШ, aWWSM 2	(^х 472 4£)о
The Hsuanchung Monastery at the foot
of a rocky hill in Chiaochen county,
Shansi province, built in 472, is a
centre of the Pureland sect in China.
(&7Е1П5-
1234
Right: The Kwangsheng Monastery in Chao-
chen county, Shansi province, is well-known
throughout the country for its collection of the Kin
dynasty edition (1115-1234) of the "Tripitaka".
Picture shows the pagoda built with glazed bricks
in the Kwangsheng Monastery.
82


(fix 1368-1643 4£)
A statue of the Thousand-Armed Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva at the
Tapei Hall of the Chungshan Monastery at Taiyuan, Shansi province.
This image was made in the Ming Dynasty (1368-1643).
Um«Xt!UJWR(fix 618-907
A huge stone statue of Buddha of the Tang Dynasty
(618-907) on Mt. Tienlung in Shansi province.
85
tliUE7t7Dfc(£-7t 520 ^)o «
*ЗД1М
sraww2-o
The pagoda of Sungyu
Monastery on Mt. Sungshan
in Honan province was
built in 520. The most
ancient pagoda inexistence
in China, it has fifteen
storeys each of twelve
angles.
МЖ<^ШЬЖ^7С386 - 534^)5^М«1ВШо
"Buddhist Pilgrims"—stone sculptures made
in the Northern Wei Dynasty, in Sunghsien
county, Honan province.
87
дае(^7С502-549^)ЕРЙ#ЙШШ®Л1Фй
, П Ф Ьад-лШ®,	9 4₽0 * и:
The Shaoling Monastery on Mt. Sungshan
in Honan province is the place where the
Chan sect originated in China. During
the Southern and Northern Dynasties
Bodhidharma, an Indian Dhyana-Master,
came to China and founded the Chan
sect here. He spent nine years in this
Monastery, engaging in meditation with
his face towards a wall. Picture shows
a statue of Bodhidharma in the Shaoling
Monastery.
"The Forest of Pagodas" of the Shaoling Monastery is located
at the southern side of the Wuyu Peak in the northwest of
Tengfeng county, Honan province. The ashes of some
famous monks of ancient China are kept in these stupas.
(£х 13 ntjfe)
A clay statue of an Arhat made at the end of the
Sung Dynasty (13th century), in the Lingyen
Monastery in Changching county, Shantung
province.
89

Clay statues of the "Eighteen Arhats" in the Paoen
Monastery in Shouhsien county, Anhuei province.
90
91
ij (rJ4 §4	v
A rubbing of the inscription in
Bashpa's Mongolian over the
"Cloud Terrace" at Chuyungkuan.
A rubbing of the inscription in
Chinese characters over the
"Cloud Terrace" at Chuyungkuan.
*
'№йч*о
A rubbing of the inscription in ancient Uighur and Hsih-
sian characters over the "Cloud Terrace" at Chuyungkuan.
.________________________________________
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« й!л й««в® в <iff
4*Ж Л*М««Л«1в* *# *£«>

(£-X13454₽)OJ
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ЙЖЙМТШ.
The inscription
of the "Sitatapat-
rosnisa - dharani-
sutra" on a stone
wall on the
"Cloud Terrace"
at Chuyungkuan
of the Great Wall
in Hopei pro-
vince, was carved
in 1345, in six
different lan-
guages -Sanskrit,
T ibetan, Bashpa's
Mongolian, an-
cient Uighur,
Hsihsian and
Chinese. Right:
The Great wall
in the vicinity ot
Chuyungkuan.

1Й*Ж>Го
Rubbings of Sanskrit and Tibetan
scriptures from the stone carvings on
the "Cloud Terrace" at Chuyungkuan.
These are famous Buddhist relics.
A colossal image of Buddha, 24 metres
high, in the Tafu Monastery at Chenteh,
Hopei province.
1115-1234 4}=), К 71
^R21^, лй+HJfo
The White Dagoba in Liaoyang county, Liaoning
province, was built during the Kin Dynasty (1115-
1234). Having 13 octagonal storeys, it is 71.21
metres in height. The base of the Dagoba is carved
with exquisite statues of Buddha.
94

И^»Фй*»$Ко
The Yufu Monastery is one of the famous Buddhist temples in Shanghai, and contains a
statue of Buddha from Burma. The premises of the Buddhist Association of Shanghai
are located in this Monastery. Picture shows the main shrine-hall of the Yufu Monastery.
96
A statue of the Six-Armed Avalokitesvara
Bodhisattva with the Magic Wheels in
the "mandala0 in the Chingan Monastery,
Shanghai.
The Hall of the Celestial
Guardians of the Chingan
Monastery in Shanghai.

(^Х 960-1279 $),ШЧО$Ж£ТО£о
The Takaiyuan Monastery in Chienchow, Fukien province,
is a well-known ancient Buddhist temple in South China.
Picture shows the Eastern and Western Pagodas of this
Monastery, built in the Sung Dynasty. (960-1279)
The Tapei Hall of the Nanputo
Monastery at Amoy in Fukien
province.
99

3^(^7C 537
ШхйЖ (&X 1086 4£),ig 90	<@ЛЯЛ>, ЖИо
Left: The "Flower Pagoda" of the Luyung Monastery in Canton,
Kwangtung province. A finely constructed octagonal pagoda,
built in 537 and reconstructed in 1086, it is 90 metres in height.
502
1*фо ЙЖШ&Х 676-678 4£)
(^7C 976
The Nanhua Monastery, originally known as the Paoling Monastery,
at Kilkiang, Kwangtung province, was built in 502 by Jnana-
bhaisajya, a Tripitaka-Master of India, and re-constructed in 976
when its name was changed to the present one. Hui-neng, the
Sixth Patriarch of the Chan sect, expounded his teachings here in
the years 676-678. Picture shows the main shrine-hall of the
Nanhua Monastery.
The Lengyen Pagoda on the
top of Mt. Chichu(the Kukkuta-
padagiri) at Likiang, Yunnan
province.
Д ВДЖ ft
The Yuantung Monastery in Kunming
is one of the most famous temples in
Yunnan province.
100В£Я,+
. ®ВЙЙЖ$(&Х7134£), Й# - W&31tt(£7C907-960*p)o
The Three-Pagoda Monastery is situated at the foot of the Kuanyin
Peak in the northwest of Tali, Yunnan province. The Chienhsin
Pagoda in the middle, built in 713, is sixteen-storey high.
103
104
The Potala Palace in Lhasa,
Tibet, is the residence of His
Holiness the Dalai Lama.
7700 До
The Daipung Monastery is one of the three big
monasteries in Tibet. It boasts 7,700 lamas.
iWM 3300 Ao
The Gandan Monastery with
3,300 lamas is one of the three
largest monasteries in Tibet.
108
The eight white dagobas
in the Gumbum Monastery.
•с-л

ЙИГЙ-AM- ж
мшмш:*лив4*.
^Ж^Ф^^ЕАЙР^о
A statue of the venerable
Tson-Kha-pa in the Gumbum
Monastery.
The Gumbum Monastery is the largest lama temple
in Chinghai province. It is the birth-place of
the venerable Tson-kha-pa, the founder of the
Yellow Sect of Buddhism in Tibet.

tt	ft зоооgtAo
The Labrang Monastery is the largest monastery
in Kansu province. It boasts 3,000 lamas.
Right: The Ganchuer Temple in Hailar is a famous lama
temple in the Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region.
112


: Dfi® Ф Wififft ( £5t916-12014£)
Left: A stone image of Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva of the
Liao Kingdom Period (916-1201) in the Tsao Temple.
x 916-1201 4Г-)й“1Й,
The Tsao Temple in Paling-Tsoyi District in the
Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region is a
famous building of the Liao Kingdom Period
(916-1201). There are many fine stone statues
of Buddha in this temple.
916-1201
ffiW^TC 1049 %., ±£ДЙ 60 ^R,
A white dagoba of the Liao Kingdom Period (916-
1201) in Paling-Yuyi District in the Inner Mongolian
Autonomous Region.
116
Theravadin Buddhism is prevalent among the Thai people in Yunnan province.
This is the Menghai Monastery in the Thai Autonomous Region of Shishong
Baanna in Yunnan province.

A Buddhist monastery in the Thai Autonomous
Region in Yunnan province. It was built some
200 years ago.
In the Octagonal Pavilion in front of the Chingta Monastery in
Nanchao county, the Autonomous Region of Shishong Baanna,
Yunnan province, the monks recite Buddhist scriptures.
118

Part of a manuscript scripture, a commentary on the "Vinaya", written
in 458 in the collection of the Peking Library.
ж. ж.
A Buddhist sutra written in four different languages—Tibetan,
Mongolian, Manchurian and Chinese, in the Yung Ho Kung
collection, Peking.
I
1Ж#4300^^о Й 0 №W«(1942 ^)®Ш«СЙтЙЙ^ЙТ7к»кйЖВД±о
The Kin edition (1115-1234) of the "Tripitaka" of the Kwangsheng Monastery
at Chaochen now stored in the Peking Library. In 1942 during the war of
resistance to Japanese aggression, eight soldiers of the Eighth Route Army
gave their lives to save this "Tripitaka" from destruction.
(£x 17 itfe)
A wooden block for printing the "Tripitaka", carved in the early Ching
Dynasty (17th century), stored in the Peiling Monastery, Peking.
I
I
The Buddhist Book Store, Shanghai, publishes Buddhist books and
sells everything needed by Buddhists. Picture shows its business
department.
122
Modem Buddhism, a Buddhist monthly of new China, published
by the Buddhist Association of China.
123
The Buddhist Association of China was founded in Peking on May 30, 1953.
Picture shows the venerable Shirob-Jaltso giving a speech in the inauguration
meeting
124
1955	8 я 16 050 31 0felt#
ЙйФЖПо 0^WSU^*&PB^o
The Second Session (Enlarged) of the Council of the Buddhist
Association of China was held from August 16 to 31, 1955 in the
Kwangchi Monastery, Peking. Picture shows the venerable Nenghai,
the Vice-President of the Association, delivering the opening speech.
125
: '	.........' ':Г "	‘ .................—
1955 4₽ЖМВД з шяде, ^89&адш#м«
fa 280 ®>Ло Нв«гЛ^«Ш1Ш*о
The Lungchang Monastery on Mt. Paohua is a famous centre of the Vinaya school
in China. During the leap third month of the lunar calendar in 1955, ordination
ceremonies were performed in this Monastery. A number of more than 280 novices
from different places of the whole country, went there to receive ordination.
Picture shows the novices kneeling in the courtyard reciting the ordination vows.
‘‘8ГМММ’’
The monks of the Chihsiang Monastery on Mt. Wutai listening to a lecture on
the "Pratyaksalamkaraka-sastra" given by the venerable Neng-hai, the abbot
of the Monastery and Vice-President of the Buddhist Association of China.
The monks of the Chiyuan Monastery on Mt. Chiuhua returning to their
living quarters after holding a religious service in the shrine-hall.
iLi
Й8Ж I U i iiiffM #ЯЬ Wteo
Pilgrims from various places paying a visit to Mount Chiuhua.
The nuns of the Chiuhua Lotus Association on Mt.
Chiuhua, reciting the name of Amita Buddha.






The Bhiksunis of the Tungchiao
Nunnery in Peking, holding
religious service in the shrine-hall.
131
The Bhiksunis of the Tungchiao
Nunnery reciting a sutra before
taking their mid-day meal.
132
The venerable Wei-fang, abbot of the Yufu Monastery,
Shanghai, leading the monks in a religious service.
134
1955 ю я
The venerable Yin-tze, a Master of the Huayen School, preaching on the "Chapter of
Samantabhadra's Vows" of the "Avatamsaka-sutra" in a service held in Yufu Monastery,
Shanghai, on October 14, 1955.
135
1955 ww,
A temple fair outside Chingan Monastery,
Shanghai, on Buddhas birthday 1955.
Buddhists going on pilgrimage to the Chingan
Monastery, Shanghai, on the Buddha's birthday.
137
138
Buddhist devotees paying homage before a fade statue
of the Buddha in the Yufu Monastery, Shanghai.

The bhiksunis of the Ancient Kaifu Nunnery,
Changsha, encircling Buddha's image in celebra-
tion of Buddha's birthday.
139
1954 9 я is н	д
His Holiness the Dalai Lama expounding a sutra for monks
and nuns, Buddhist laymen and lay wo men in Yung Ho
Kung, Peking, on September 18, 1954.
Л40

1954^9 я 19 н
His Holiness Panchen Ngoerhtehni preaching on a sutra in Yung Ho Kung,
Peking, on September 19, 1954. Picture shows the lamas offering "Khatah"
to him.
*
141

йсй io я 25
й«8 W’o
The 25th day of the 10th month of the Tibetan calendar is the
day of departure of the venerable Tson-kha-pa^ the founder of
the Yellow Sect. On this day every year the Tibetan people
light up butter-lamps in commemoration of his death. Hence
it is called the "Lamp Festival." Picture shows the night scene
of the "Lamp Festival" in Lhasa.
Ш,f 1АВй^йВЖ®ЖЙАШЮй®—flOit
The "Summons Ceremony" is the grandest religious
ceremony held by the lamas of Tibet every year. On
this occasion the lamas of different places assemble in
Lhasa to attend the lectures on Buddhism given by the
Dalai Lama in the Jokhan Monastery. Picture shows
the scene of the last program of the ceremony.
143
A scene of the pompous new-year "god-dancing"
held in front of the Potala Palace, Lhasa.
й&и:
Right: A scene of "god-dancing" held in a festival during the
middle of the fourth month in the Chuku Lama Temple in Tibet.


The lamas of the Gumbum Monastery in
Hsiling, Chinghai province, listen to a sermon.
£ ± 0® И ВД * Й Ж tF It ® №
Upper right: A lama of the Gumbum
Monastery distributing "Diamond
Knots" to the Tibetan and Mongolian
Buddhist devotees who have come
to attend a service.
Lower right: The young lamas of
the Gumbum Monastery holding
a debate on Buddhist scriptures.
146

The Sixth Incarnation of the Kamuyang Living Buddha (sitting in the centre) of the
Labrang Monastery in the Southern Tibetan Autonomous Region, Kansu province.
а 1952 w 6
The inauguration ceremony of the Sixth Incarnation of the Kamuyang
Living Buddha, held on March 6, 1952 in the Labrang Monastery.
The lamas of Chunkoerh Monastery, Changching, Litang, in the Tibetan
Autonomous Region in Szechuan province, perform the "Chiangkowa", a
Buddhist drama.
149
ж тмжAo
The "Peacock Dance" is one of the most beautiful
Buddhist dances of the Thai people in Shishong Baanna,
Yunnan province. The peacock
crown of the Bodhisattva on his
mask" over his face.
dancer wears a golden
head and a "diamond

"Festival day” in the Shelehtutsao Temple at Huho-
haote in the Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region.
152
Rite
Lamas performing a "dance of the deities" in the Natahmung congrega-
tion in Yikechaomeng in the Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region.
153

ggiim •	• #^gft»i955^2 я 24 нсй
^тмезчЕя н) йьжжпйл*^, №®mm®o
(Ф)шш (W. ад^ат/в (±) «os*
The Dalai Lama and Panchen Ngoerhtehni gave a splendid
banquet in Peking on February 24, 1955. in celebration of the
Tibetan New Year. Picture shows Chairman Mao Tse-tung
(centre) having a chat with the Dalai Lama (right) and Panchen
Ngoerhtehni (left) before the banquet.
1954	12 я,
Religious representatives hold group discussions during the first plenary
meeting of the Second Session of the National Committee of the Chinese
People's Political Consultative Conference, held in December 1954.
к
1954	1
The lamas of Yung Ho Kung on their way to the polling station
on January 24, 1954, when the election was held in Peking.
1'17
1954 ^9 Я 20
алк^^ж-^ШФйжажФЖлк^важйо
The Dalai Lama and Panchen Ngoerhtehni casting votes
for the Constitution of the People s Republic of China
in the first meeting of the First Session of the National
People's Congress.
157
1952 £ 9 fl 26 0,
SffMSSM “®«tWWtr B9iS!№^o
The monks and nuns, laymen and laywomen of the
different monasteries and nunneries in Peking, holding
a religious service on September 26, 1952, in the Kwang-
chi Monastery in support of the Peace Conference of the
Asian and Pacific Regions.
158
			
1952	10
Buddhists in Peking presenting gifts to the Peace Conference of the Asian
and Pacific Regions, held in October 1952.
159

1955 i я 19 0,
£ КМ1£ffiJKT^o Ф ШАКШ&т^йШа^Д£ WДФ $1 ЛК®W к
?п^Д^ЙФД® 2 Я 12 0&ЬЖЖ^7К^1ЙЛ^Ж,-^З^ФИЛК«ЙЙ>^
Ф1О»®й
£7Ж-^Й, ?Ш#Л7а-^гЛ$йо
On January 19, 1955, the Standing Committee of the World Peace Council
issued an Appeal to the Peoples of the World, calling upon them to launch a
signature campaign against the use of atomic weapons. The Standing Com-
mittee of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative
Conference and the Standing Committee of the Chinese People's Committee
for World Peace held a joint meeting in Peking on February 12, calling on all
Chinese to respond to this appeal. The Chinese Buddhists warmly supported
this call and played an active part in the signature campaign. Picture shows
Buddhists in Shanghai signing against the use of atomic weapons.
Right: The lamas of eight big monasteries at Huhohaote in the Inner
Mongolian Autonomous Region signing against the use of atomic
weapons.
162

In October 1954, Jawaharlal Nehru, the Prime Minister of the Republic of
India, visited China at the invitation of Premier Chou En-lai. Picture shows
Prime Minister Nehru shaking hands with the venerable Shirob-Jaltso, Acting
President of the Buddhist Association of China, at a farewell party given on
December 26 by Peng Chen, Mayor of Peking, on the eve of Prime Minister
Nehru's departure.
164
1954	10 Я 29	Д^^<£ЙХО&Й1Жо
Jawaharlal Nehru, the Prime Minister of the Republic of India, chatted with the
venerable Ta-pei, the abbot of the Lingying Monastery at Hangchow, when he
paid a visit to this Monastery on Oct. 29, 1954.
165
A statue of Dhrtarastra, one of the four
Deva-guardians in the Deva-Guardian Hall
of Yung Ho Kung, Peking.
166
йЖ^ШИЙА^Л^аЖЖ^п'й’Х
ЗЖКХЛ-lo
The Cultural Delegation of the Republic of India paid a visit to Yung Ho Kung, Peking,
on June 12, 1955. Picture shows Mr. Chandra, leader of the Delegation, and Mrs.
Chandra looking at the four Deva-guardians in the Deva-Guardian Hall of Yung Ho Kung.

The members of the Cultural Delegation of the Republic of India looking
at a map in the Tayen Pagoda, Sian, showing the route by which the
venerable Hsuan-chuang went to India to study Buddhism.
£ffl:	1955	7 Я 4 Й*
Left: The members of the Cultural Delegation
of the Republic of India visit the Hsinchiao
Monastery in the suburbs of Sian, in which
there is the stupa of the venerable Hsuan-
chuang, the Tripitaka-Master of the Tang
Dynasty.
JI
169

1954 -^9
• /Ё^#*ЛР]ЙФЖ«^Ж^Й№#^?ЕВЙО
In September 1954, a Good-Will Delegation of the India-China
Friendship Association of the Republic of India visited China at
the invitation of the China-India Friendship Association of China.
Picture shows Mrs. Umaji Nehru, head of the Delegation, laying a
wreath before the stupa of the venerable Hsuan-chuang in the
Hsinchiao Monastery, Sian.
The members of the Good-Will Delegation of the
India-China Friendship Association of the Re-
public of India visiting the Tayen Pagoda at Sian.
171
1952 юя
The late venerable Yuan-ying, Chinese delegate to the
Peace Conference of the Asian and Pacific Regions, held
in Peking in October 1952, chats with the venerable
Pham The Long, a delegate of the Democratic Republic
of Vietnam.
172
1955	8 Я 18 0 ,	0
д ф ймшм^	, ф вч 1шш^ми^е^?жй>лио
On August 18, 1955, Japanese Buddhists held a good-will religious service in
the Aomatsu Monastery in Tokyo in memory of those Chinese who died in
Japan during the time of war and in commemoration of the third anniversary of
the death of the venerable Yuan-ying, formerly President of the Buddhist
Association of China. Mr. Chao Pu-chu, Secretary-General of the Buddhist
Association of China, was invited to participate in the ceremony.
173
7/75

1955 8 я I? в жж
On August 17, 1955, Mr. Chao Pu-chu, Chinese delegate to the World
Conference against Atomic and Hydrogen Bombs, presented an image
of Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva to the All-Japan Buddhist Association
on behalf of the Buddhist association of China. The gift was accepted
by the venerable Shiio Benkyo, Vice-President of the All-Japan
Buddhist Association.
174

1955	11 Я 28 H ,
romwaaiet# т-жт?пй
0®Жй А W-ЙФ И ММ®
ЙШ±»1Ь Й№ЬЖ*Ш^
>Sio ±®: ^#ТЖТЙИЙ»#
шяЖо
TH: т^ТЖЯК AW «$
Ш» Ф	1Й® о
On Nov. 28,1955, Yoshii Senkako,
a member of the Delegation of the
Japanese National League for the
Promotion of the Constitution, and
Ono Koichi, general secretary of
the Delegation, accompanied by
Mr. Chao Pu-chu, Secretary-Gene-
ral of the Buddhist Association of
China, visited the Tungchiao
Nunnery in Peking. The upper
picture shows Yoshii Senkako
paying her respects to the abbess
of the Nunnery.
Lower: Yoshii Senkako and Ono
Koichi chatting with Mr. Chao
Pu-chu and some others in the
Tungchiao Nunnery.

19524£10Я,
On behalf of the Chinese Buddhists the venerable Hsu-yun of the
Chan sect presented a "sarira-stupa" to Bhikkhu Dhammaratna,
head of the Ceylon Delegation to the Peace Conference of the
Asian and Pacific Region, in October 1952.
176
й (т&жгл) mTitsmw^swwsOo
Vasantha Kumar (fourth from right), head of the Ceylon
Cultural Delegation, and the Rev. Bhikkhu Sudassi (fifth
from right), member of the Delegation, having a talk
with some Chinese Buddhists after visiting the Kwangchi
Monastery in Peking.
1954	12 Я 2 Н ,	ЙД
* Ш8М±?п ф и wmits^ л ю> »вда%
On December 2, 1954, Premier Chou En-lai gave a magnificent banguet in
honour of U Nu, Prime Minister of the Union of Burma, and Mrs. U Nu. Picture
shows Prime Minister U Nu shaking hands cordially with the venerable
Shirob-Jaltso, Vice-President of the Buddhist Association of China, at the banguet.
178

1954	12 Я 14 Н
On Dec. 14, 1954, Prime Minister U Nu of the Union
of Burma, paid a visit to the Lingying Monastery,
Hangchow.
ф ва	ййшж 1955
4 яажйвйИо и©лвд^®адй«1л#1ш_кдяа^^
аи (й^фзяо jnessumw^^^®
The Chinese Buddhist Delegation to Burma visited Burma in April
1955 at the invitation of the Union Buddha Sasana of Burma. Picture
shows the members of the Delegation with Prime Minister U Nu
(Standing at the centre of the back row) and U Htoon (first from
left in the back row), Chairman of the Union Buddha Sasana of
Burma, at the airport, Rangoon.
Right: The Chinese Buddhist Delegation to Burma
Paid homage to the famous Sule Pagoda in Rangoon.
180

'I
04^


The venerable Shirob-Jaltso, head of the Chinese Buddhist Delegation to Burma,
giving a speech on the occasion of presenting gifts to the Buddhists of Burma.
182
1955 4 я и в,
щ©«й wmm±№®< w?жф ®твяпаа^ л^аь
On April 11, 1955, the venerable Shirob-Jaltso, head of the Chinese
Buddhist Delegation to Burma, presented a Buddhas sarira, a set of Chinese
"Tripitaka" and a religious robe and alms-bowl to the Buddhists of Burma.
Picture shows Burmese Buddhists welcoming the Chinese Buddhist
Delegation to the meeting in a grand procession.
имиин
1955 ^эязовиж
йьйо 1а@^жжвв(*)йя^аид^|й(Ф)&жал®^йй(*)^^1й®о
On Sept. 30, 1955, the Buddhist Delegation of the Union of Burma arrived in Peking
at the invitation of the Buddhist Association of China. The object of the Delegation
was to return the visit of the Chinese Buddhist Delegation to Burma, as well as to
take the Buddha's holy tooth-relic to Burma. Picture shows Premier Chou En-lai
(right) receiving U Thein Maung (centre), head of the Delegation, and U Hla Maung,
the Burmese Ambassador to China (left).
184
1955	ФЮ
й®п*аал^шй«*й?т^±®15о
On Oct. 4, 1955, the Buddhist Delegation of the Union of Burma
received Buddhas holy tooth-relic in the Kwangchi Monastery,
Peking. A solemn ceremony was held on this occasion by the
Buddhist Association of China. Picture shows U Thein Maung,
head of the Delegation, making a speech at the ceremony.
185

Members of the Buddhist Delegation of the
Union of Burma dressed as divine guardians
standing beside the Seven Jewels Golden Pagoda.
ЗДФЖйМВо
The Cultural Delegation of the Union of
Burma participated in the ceremony for
receiving Buddha's holy tooth-relic and
performed dances during the ceremony.
187
19554£10Я 15 0
ai^o ±и: яйкше^а®м?шв#жм^о тй:ттйвй#^^^я.о
When the Buddhist Delegation of the Union of Burma returned to Rangoon with
Buddha's holy tooth-relic on Oct. 15, 1955, the Government of the Union of Burma held
a grand ceremony to receive the holy relic. The upper picture shows Dr. Ba U, President
of the Union of Burma, and Prime Minister U Nu carrying the Holy Tooth Pagoda with
the others in a procession. Lower: The citizens of Rangoon welcoming the arrival of
Buddha's Tooth.
1956 2 я 1бн
When Prince Norodom Sihanouk, Prime Minister of Cambodia,
visited the Kwangchi Monastery in Peking on February 16,
1956, the Buddhist Association of China presented him with a
set of nine Buddhist scriptures translated into Chinese by
Mandala and Sanghapala, two eminent Buddhist monks of
Cambodia who came to China over 1,400 years ago.


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Ш.............................................. 189
Contents
Foreword	3
Buddhist Monasteries in the Capital	8
The Kwangchi Monastery, the Yung Ho Kung, the Wofu Monastery, the Miao-
ying Monastery, the Tungchiao Nunnery, the “Five Pagoda" Monastery and
the Tienning Monastery ................................................ 8
The Four Sacred Mountains	22
Mount Wutai, Mount Omei, Mount Puto (Potalaka) and Mount Chiuhua	22
Buddhist Grottoes	40
Tunhuang, Yunhang, Lungmen, the Maichishan, the “T housand-Buddha” Grot-
toes of Kucha, the Tingling Monastery and Tachu ...................... 40
Famous Buddhist Monasteries of Various Places	62
The White Horse Monastery at Loyang ...................................... 62
The Great Tsuen Monastery, the Hsinchiao Monastery, the Chinglung Monas-
tery and the Tsaotang Monastery at Sian .............................. 65
The Pilu (Fairocana) Monastery and the Chihsiashan at Nanking; the Kiangtien
Monastery at Chengkjang; and the Lingyen Monastery at Soochotc	71
The Knocking Monastery on Mount Tientai; the Tientung Monastery and the
Ahyuwang (King Asoka) Monastery at Ningpo; the Tahju Monastery at
Hsinchang and the Lingying Monastery at Hangchou/..................... 75
The Hsuanchung Monastery at Chiaochen; the Kwangsheng Monastery and the
Tienlungshan at Chaochen; and the Chungshen Monastery at Taiyuan	82
The Sungyu Monastery on Mount Sungshan; the Stone Sculptures in Sung
county; and the Shaoling Monastery on Mount Sungshan	86
The Lingyen Monastery at Changching ...................................... 89
The Paoen Monastery in Shou County ....................................... 90
The Inscriptions of Scriptures at Chuyunkuan and the Tahfu Monastery at
Chenteh .............................................................. 92
The White Dagoba at Liaoyang ............................................ 95
The Yufu Monastery and the Chingan Monastery in Shanghai................. 96
The Great Kaiyuan Monastery at Chienchotv and the Nanputo Monastery at
Amoy	.................................................... 98
The Luyung Monastery at Canton and the Nanhua Monastery at Kukwig 100
The Chichushan (KukkutaPa^aS^	Lifyang, the Yuantung Monaster у at Kun-
ming and the “Three Pagoda" Monastery at Tahli ...................... 102
The Potala Palace at Lhasa; the Tas hi Lumpo Monastery at Shigatse; the Dai-
pung Monastery, the Sera Monastery and the Gandan Monastery at Lhasa 104
The Gumbum Monastery at Hsiling ......................................... 110
The Labrang Monastery at Hsiaho ............................................. 112
The Ganchuer Temple at Hailar and the Tsao Temple at Lingtung................ 113
A Buddhist Monastery of the Thai People in Yunnan Province .................. 117
Buddhist Scriptures and Periodicals ............................................. 120
The Buddhist Association of China	124
Religious Life of the Buddhists	126
Religious Activities of Buddhist Monies, Huns and Lay Followers of Paohuashan
and other Places ........................................................ 126
His Holiness the Dalai Lama and His Holiness Panchen Ngoerhtehni Holding
a Service in the Yung Ho Kung............................................ 140
Religious Activities of the Lamas in Tibet and Chinghai, Kansu and Szechuan
Provinces .............................................................	142
Religious Dance of the Thai People in Yunnan Province .....................	150
Religious Activities of the Lamas in Inner Mongolia ......................... 152
Chairman Mao Tse-tung, His Holiness the Dalai Lama and His Holiness
Panchen Ngoerhtehni Celebrating the Tibetan New Year of “Wooden
Sheep”....................................................................... 154
The Political Rights of the Buddhists............................................. 155
The Buddhists Praying for World Peace	158
The Friendly Relationship of the Chinese Buddhists with Various
Countries.................................................................... 164
India ........................................................................ 164
Vietnam....................................................................... 172
Japan .....................................................................	173
Ceylon ....................................................................	176
Burma ........................................................................ 178
Cambodia ................................................................	189