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Y)];K 372"8:51
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()],nR MeHR: 06pa30BaHIIe = npOCBeIl\e-
HlIe (3HaHIIR) + 06yqeHIIe (YMeHIIR) +
BocnlITaHlIe (QeHHOCTII); npenO}J,aBa-
HlIe = npOCBeIl\eHlIe + 06yqeHlIe,)
Ha npaKTIIKe BocnlITaHlIe MO)KeT
II}J,TII B pa3HbIX HanpaBneHIISlX" rOBO-
pRT 06 IIHTenneKTe, MlIpoB033peHIIII,
xapaKTepe, HpaBcTBeHHocTlI,
CaM nepeqeHb He nonOH, II nplI-
Be}J,eHHbIM nopR}J,OK - ycnoBHOCTb.
Tpa}J,IIQIIOHHO Ha nepBoe MeCTO B nOM
nepeqHe Hallia ne}J,arorlIKa CTaBlIna
BocnlITaHlIe MlIpOB033peHIISI, nplIqeM
HayqHOrO, eIl\e TOqHee - }J,lIaneKTIIKO-


5




MaTeplIanlICTlIqeCKoro" TIplIBneKaTenb-
Ha TOqKa 3peHIIR 0 TOM, qTO HanlICan
B" OBqlIHHIIKOB B «KOPHRX }J,y6a»: B
AHrnlI1I B nyqllIlIX qaCTHbIX IlIKOnaX
Ha nepBOe MeCTO CTaBRT BOCnlITaHlIe
XapaKTepa, MO)KHO }J,enaTb OC06bIM aK-
QeHT Ha BOCnlITaHlI1I TBOpqeCKOrO Ha-
qana nlIqHOCTII, B qaCTHOCTII Ha ee CO-
QlIanbHOM aKTIIBHOCTII. 11 HaKOHeQ,
HIIKaKIIX pe3ynbTaToB B 06pa30BaHIIII
He }J,06IITbCR, ecnlI y yqeHIIKa HeT He-
06XO,n:IIMOM MOTIIBaQlIlI,
KOr}J,a HaqlIHaellib }J,BlIraTbCR B HO-
BOM HanpaBneHIIII, OTKpbIBalOTCR II HO-
BbIe roplI30HTbI, CaMa nOCTaHOBKa 3a-
}J,aqlI - BOCnlITaHIIe yqeHIIKa B npoQec-
ce npenO}J,aBaHIISI KOHKpeTHoro
npe}J,MeTa - BPR}J, nil HOBa, XOTR II Ha-
qana 3HeprlIqHO 06CY)K}J,aTbCR B HallieM
ne}J,arorlIKe TonbKO B nocne}J,Hee BpeMR"
113}J,aBHa 1I3BeCTHO Be}J,b: «YqIITenb,
BocnlITaM yqeHIIKa», He «HayqlI», qTO
TaK eCTeCTBeHHO, a «BocnIITaM»! lITO
)Ke CTOIIT 3a 3TIIM «BocnIITaM»?
BocnlITaM, KaK R nOHIIMalO,- ne-
pe}J,aM }J,eTRM qaCTIIQY caMoro ce6R,
CBoero nOHIIMaHIIR npe}J,MeTa, nOHIIMa-
HIIR CMbIcna 06pa30BaHIIR, B qaCTHOC-
TII MaTeMaTlIqeCKOrO, nepe}J,aM CBOII
nplIRTIIR II HenpIIRTIIR, nepe}J,aM CBoe
OTHOllieHlIe K pa60Te".. 11 TYT, cOBep-
llIeHHO RCHO, HIIKaKIIX MeTo}J,lIqeK II
6bITb He MO)KeT, Bce, qTO R XOqy ne-
pe}J,aTb }J,eTRM, IIMeHHO nepe}J,aTb, a He
nepenaCOBaTb,- TO «pa3YMHoe, }J,06-
poe, BeqHoe» - cYIl\eCTByeT TonbKO
KaK qaCTb Moero «R» - II HIIKaK IIHa-
'Ie, .51 KaK «06yqaTenb» - npOBO}J,HIIK,
HO SI KaK «BocnIITaTenb» - reHepaTop,
A Tenepb BepHeMcR K nlIHIISlM B
BocnlITaHlIlI, 11 TYT, r}J,e, Ka3anOCb 6bI,
Bce RCHO C TOqKII 3peHIIR TeOpeTlIqeC-
KOM ne}J,arorIIKII, CKonbKO MOHorpa<l>IIM
HanlIcaHO, rnaBHeMllIee - nlIqHOCTHOe
BnlIRHlIe, MlIpoB033peHlIe, K nplIMepy,
He B KHII)KKaX CII}J,IIT, a B c06CTBeHHOM
ronoBe" K TOMy )Ke ero He npO}J,IIKTY-
ellib II Ha }J,OM He 3a}J,allIb, qT06bI BbI-
yqlInlI K cne}J,ylOIl\eMY ypOKY.


6


KaK MO)KHO 6bInO BocnlITbIBaTb
y pe6eHKa OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb 3a C06CT-
BeHHYIO pa60TY, ecnlI no 60nbllIOMY
cqeTY ee He 6bInO y MeHSI caMoro? Bo-
npoc OTHIO}J,b He PIITOplIqeCKIIM, TIOqTII
Bce rO}J,bI, qTO SI npopa6OTan B IlIKone,
y Hac 6bIna e}J,IIHaSl nporpaMMa, e}J,IIHbIM
yqe6HIIK, e}J,IIHbIe 3K3aMeHbI, e}J,IIHbIM
06R3aTenbHbIM ypOBeHb 06pa30BaHIISI
II e}J,IIHbIe Tpe60BaHIIR K OQeHKaM, a Te-
nepb BBO}J,RTCSI CTaH}J,apTbI, Ho ecnlI Bce
e}J,IIHO H 06R3aTenbHO, TO y MeHR HeT
B03MO)KHOCTII BbI60pa, a ecnlI HeT ee,
TO caMOCTORTenbHOCTblO H TeM 60nee
OTBeTCTBeHHOCTblO }J,a)Ke He naXHeT, I1x
HeT no CYTII, TaK KaK HeT Cepbe3HOrO
nlIqHOrO pellieHIISI, 11 B caMOM }J,ene,
nOCMOTplIllib Ha ny6nHKaQIIH yqlITeneM
B MeTO}J,lIqeCKIIX C60pHHKax - II qTO
BIIJ1lIllIb? 113 ro}J,a B ro}J, 06C
}J,eHlIe
BeCbMa qaCTHbIX 3a}J,aq npeno,n:aBaHIISI,
TIonblTKH BbIHTH 3a 3TII npe}J,enbI, MRr-
KO rOBopR, He nplIBeTCTBOBMIICb, He-
Kor}J,a MOM Konnera nonyqlIn BbIroBop
OT a}J,MIIHlIcTpaQIIII 3a npeno}J,aBaHlIe
B IlIKone IIHTerpanbHoro HCqIICneHIIR,
KOTopoe He BXO}J,IInO TOr}J,a B nporpaMMy,
MHe eIl\e nOBe3no - R c}J,enan
MHoroe 1I3 Toro, qTO XOTen, Ho TeM He
MeHee BOT }J,Ba nplIMepa H3 MoeM
npaKTIIKlI, 113 HeKOTopbIX co06pa)Ke-
HIIM MHe 6bInO y}J,06HO B cTapllIlIx
Knaccax qepe}J,oBaTb 3aHRTIISI anre6poM
II HaqanaMII aHanH3a C 3aHSlTIISlMII reo-
MeTplIeM - He}J,enR anre6pbI, 3aTeM He-
}J,enR reoMeTplI1I HnH }J,3)Ke TaK: }J,Be
He}J,enlI anre6pbI, 3aTeM }J,Be He}J,enlI
reOMeTplIlI. A}J,MIIHHCTpaQIIR He B03pa-
)Kana B nplIHQlIne, HO
pHan R }J,on-
)KeH 6bIn 3anonHRTb nO-CTapOMY, T" e,
no CTaH}J,apTHOMY pernaMeHTY 3aHR-
TIIM, Kor}J,a Ka)K}J,y1O He}J,enlO eCTb ypo-
KII KaK anre6pbI, TaK II reOMeTplIlI. )],0-
BonbHO 6bICTpO R nepeCTan co06pa-
)KaTb, KY}J,a H qTO Ha}J,O 3anlICbIBaTb.
EIl\e nplIMep, TIpeno}J,aBaHlIe IIH-
<l>opMaTIIKII B nocne}J,HlIe ro}J,bI. )],IIC-
QlInnlIHa 6bma }J,nR MeHR, no CYIIleCTBY,
HOBaSl, nplIllInOCb }J,onro BHIIKaTb B ,n:e-




no" Kor}J,a nplIllina HeKOTopaSl SlCHOCTb,
SI BHIIMaTenbHO 1I3yqlIn IlIKonbHbIM
yqe6HIIK no}J, pe}J,aKQlIeM A. TI. EpllIOBa
II B. M" MOHaxoBa, To, qTO B HeM Ha-
nlIcaHO, Mano COOTBeTCTBOBano TOMY,
qTO SI nOHRn, TIplIllInocb rOTOBIITb }J,e-
TRM COBceM }J,pyroM KYpC" HIIKTO nocne
MOIIX 06'bRCHeHHM He B03pa)Kan npOTIIB
npe,n:naraeMOM TpaKTOBKII, HO B )KypHan
MHe nOCOBeTOBanlI }J,enaTb 3anlICII B CO-
OTBeTCTBlI1I C pa3}J,enaMII yqe6HIIKa,
J1nlI B03bMeM MOTIIBaQlIlO, TIO-MO-
eMY, HeB03MO)KHO B03}J,eMCTBOBaTb Ha
nORBneHlIe II pa3BIITIIe IIHTepeCa K Ma-
TeMaTIIKe,ecnlI 3aTYX c06CTBeHHbIM
IIHTepeC K HeM" HeB03MO)KHO nepe}J,aTb
IlIKonbHIIKY pa}J,ocTb OT pellieHIIR TPY}J,-
HOM 3a}J,aqlI, ecnlI caM Y)Ke 3a6bIn, qTO
3TO TaKoe,
TIplI BceM nplI TOM He06xo}J,IIMO
KaK MO)KHO 'IaIl\e OIl\YIl\aTb ce6R B
«1lIK)'pe yqeHIIKa»" )],enaeTCR 3TO BeCb-
Ma npOCTO - BnonHe }J,OCTaTOqHO, ec-
nil B ronOBe «CII}J,IIT 3a}J,aqa», K KOTO-
pOM He 3Haellib KaK H nOJ1CTYnIITbCR, a
Ha CTone ne)KIIT MaTeMaTlIqeCKaSl KHII-
ra, B KOTOpOM HenOHRTHa Y)Ke nepBaSl
CTpaHIIQa,
TIepcOHa)K KIIHo<l>lInbMa «)],O)KIIBeM
}J,O nOHe}J,enbHIIKa» - nO)KlInaR yqlI-
TenbHIIQa - )KanOCTnIIBO npOlI3HOCIIT
'ITO-TO BpO}J,e:
- J1M OT}J,aellib QenlIKOM caMoro
ce6S1, a OHII.." (IIMeR B BII}J,y yqeHIIKoB),
- )],eno He B 3TOM,- OTBeqaeT
rnaBHbIM repOM <l>lInbMa"- A eCTb nH
Y Hac, qTO OT}J,aTb?
3a }J,OCTOBepHOCTb He PyqalOCb, HO
CMbIcn TOqeH,


1.2. «ACYl) Y'U1TEnSi


OCMbIcnlIBaSl CBOIO }J,eRTenbHOCTb
yqIITenR-npe}J,MeTHIIKa B III Kone, R
nplIllien K BbI}J,eneHIIIO Tpex ee COCTaB-
nRIOIl\IIX: YCTaHOBKH, CHCTeMbl II aT-
Moc$epbl- «ACY», KaK R IIX Ha3bIBalO
caM }J,nR ce6R, COCTaBIIB a66peBIIaTYPY
B 06paTHoM nopSl}J,Ke, .51 cpa3Y )Ke xo-


qy oroBoplITb, qTO 3TII COCTaBnRIOIl\lIe,
KOHeqHO, He a6cOnlOTHbI. He IICKnlOqe-
HO, qTO, KaKOB yqlITenb, TaKOBbI II CO-
CTaBnRIOIl\lIe" Eonee Toro, HaBepHRKa
eCTb pa3YMHaSl pa60Ta TeOpeTlIqeCKoro
xapaKTepa, B KOTOpOM BCR }J,eRTenb-
HOCTb yqlITenR pa3nO)KeHa no nono'I-
KaM" )],a)Ke ecnlI TaK, }J,aBaMTe npe}J,no-
nO)KIIM, qTO ne}J,arOrlIqeCKaSl TeoplIR
QeHHa }J,nR Hac B nepBYIO Oqepe}J,b TeM,
qTO MbI CMOfnlI 1I3 Hee nplICBOIITb II
ynoTpe6IITb B }J,eno. B KOHQe KOHQOB
qTO-TO 1I3 3TOM TeoplIlI HaqlIHaellib no-
cTynlIpoBaTb }J,nR ce6R, KaK HeqTO HC-
xO}J,Hoe" J1 CTaHOBIITCR He TaK Ba)KHO -
B npaKTlIqeCKOM OTHOllieHIIII, - OTKY-
}J,a 3TH nocTynaTbI nORBlInlICb, rnaB-
Hoe, qT06bI OHII pa60TanlI, (MHorlIe
MOil KonnerlI II npo<l>ecclIoHanbHbIe
MaTeMaTIIKII BeCbMa CKenTlIqeCKII
OTHOCRTCR K TeOpeTlIqeCKOM ne}J,arorlI-
Ke, 51 yno}J,06nlO IIX IIH)KeHepy, KOTO-
pbIM nonaraeT, qTO 1t=3,14, Ha XY}J,OM
KOHeQ - 3,1416, a Bce OCTanbHoe OT
nYKaBoro.)
Tenepb R nOCTapalOCb paCKpbITb
cO}J,ep)KaHlIe «ACY», KaK R ero nOHII-
MaIO" YCTaHOBKa OTpa)KaeT TY qaCTb
QeneM II QeHHOCTeM, KOTopaSl nplIHRTa
yqlITeneM }J,nR nOBce}J,HeBHOM }J,eRTenb-
HOCTII" B KOHeqHOM CqeTe Bce 3TO CKa-
3bIBaeTCR Ha Tex IInlI IIHbIX CBOMCTBax
ero yqeHIIKOB, ecnll nOHIIMaTb 3TII
CBOMCTBa }J,OCTaTOqHO IlIlIpOKO" KOH-
KpeTHo: 3HaeT yqeHIIK 0 reoMeTplI1I
JI06aqeBCKOro HnlI HeT, 3aBIICIIT He
CTonbKO OT nporpaMMbI, CKonbKO OT
YCTaHOBKII yqlITenR, a eIl\e rny6)Ke-
OT ero IIHTepnpeTaQlI1I QeneM II QeH-
HOCTeM 06pa30BaHIIR,
Pa3nlIqaTb QenlI II QeHHOCTII, no-
MoeMY, He06xo}J,IIMO. HanplIMep, MO)K-
HO nOCTaBIITb nepe}J, MaTeMaTlIqeCKIIM
06pa30BaHIIeM TaK)'1O Qenb - HayqlITb
IllKonbHIIKa CTpOIITb rpa<l>IIKII HeCnO)K-
HbIX 3neMeHTapHbIX <l>YHKQIIM" K QeH-
HOCTRM )Ke pa3YMHO OTHeCTII TaKlIe
CBOMCTBa yqeHIIKa, BbIRBneHlIe KOTO-
pbIX np06neMaTlIqHO, a TO H HeB03-


7




MO)KHO" KaK, HanplIMep, npOBeplITb
HanlIqlIe Y BbmYCKHIIKa HayqHOrO MII-
pOB033peHIIR?
YCTaHOBKa BKnlOqaeT B ce6R OTHO-
llIeHlIe K MaTeMaTIIKe, K 3a}J,aqaM 06pa-
30BaHIIR II OTHOllieHlIe K yqeHIIKY"
TIplIqeM 3TO OTHOllieHlIe ,n:On)KHO 6bITb
OqeHb nlIqHbIM, BbIpaIl\eHHbIM B ce6e"
TIYCTb nplI 3TOM OHO 6Y}J,eT O}J,HOCTO-
pOHHIIM, B03MO)KHO, KOpRBbIM - R ro-
TOB nplIHRTb nlO6bIe ynpeKlI, Ho 3TO-
MOe, II C 3TIIM R 1I}J,y K yqeHIIKaM"
MO)KHO nil rOBoplITb 0 CBoeM no-
HIIMaHlI1I MaTeMaTIIKII? )],YMalO, qTO He
TonbKO MO)KHO, HO II He06xo}J,IIMO, OHO
HaqlIHaeTCR C }J,eTCKIIX neT C06CT-
BeHHoro yqeHlIqeCTBa, <l>opMlIpyeTcR
B CTY}J,eHqeCKlIe rO}J,bI, 060raIl\aeTCR
B }J,anbHeMllieM qTeHlIeM H BCTpeqaMII
C npo<l>ecclI OHanaMII- MaTeMaTIIKaMII
H YTOqHReTCR B npaKTIIKe npenO}J,aBa-
HIIR, 3a rO}J,bl pa60TbI yqlITenb He O}J,IIH
pa3 CTonKHeTCR C 1I3MeHeHIIeM npo-
rpaMM, yqe6HIIKOB" B 3TOM HeT HlIqerO
CTpalliHoro, 60nee Toro, TaKOM npoQecc
eCTeCTBeHeH: MeHRIOTCR BpeMeHa -
MeHRIOTCR II QenlI 06yqeHIIR, BbI3bIBaR
Bce nocne}J,YIOIl\lIe 1I3MeHeHIIR" nplIqlI-
HbI HOBaQIIM MorYT 6bITb II Henpe}J,CKa-
3yeMbI. KTO, HanplIMep, Mor npe}J,BII-
}J,eTb, 'ITO npeno}J,aBaHlIe IlIKonbHoM Ma-
TeMaTIIKII TaK c}J,BIIHeTcR nOJ1 BnlIRHlIeM
H. Eyp6aKII? B KaKOM-TO CMbIcne IICTO-
plIR nOBToplInacb: «Haqana» EBKnlI}J,a
BOBce He 6bInII yqe6HIIKOM no reOMeT-
plIlI }J,nR ,n:eTeM, HO eIl\e B npoumoM Be-
Ke no HIIM Koe-r}J,e BenOCb llIKonbHoe
npenO}J,aBaHlIe" B nocne}J,Hee BpeMR, Ha-
060POT, llIapaxHynlIcb OT H, Eyp6aKII"
He IIMeR c06cTBeHHoro B3rnR}J,a Ha
npe}J,MeT, nerKO OKa3aTbCR B naHIIKe,
lITO )Ke }J,nR MeHR MaTeMaTIIKa, }J,a-
)Ke B CBOIIX 3neMeHTapHbIX OCHOBax?
TIpe)K}J,e Bcero - HaYKa, a He npaKTII-
qeCKOe PYKOBO}J,CTBO no cqeTY II 1I3Me-
peHIIIO, He Ha60p cBe}J,eHIIM, KOTopbIe
Ha}J,o B6IITb B ronoBY pe6eHKa, qTO nplI
1I3BeCTHOM YClIn1I1I Bcer}J,a MO)KHO c}J,e-
naTb, He Ha60p 3a}J,aq II nplIMepoB, KO-


8


TopbIe Ha}J,o pellIlITb, qT06bI Ha6IITb
PYKY J1nR nocTynneHIIR B BY3"
J1MeHHo nOToMY, qTO 60nbllIIIHcTBO
yqeHIIKOB He 6Y}J,eT IIcnOnb30BaTb Ma-
TeMaTIIKY B CBoeM npo<l>ecclIlI, IIMeH-
HO nOTOMy, qTO, 6bITb MO)KeT, OT yqlI-
TenSl OHII cnbIlliaT nocne}J,HlIe B CBoeM
)K1I3HII MaTeMaTlIqeCKlIe <l>pa3bI, HMeH-
HO nOTOMY Ba)KHO, qT06bI OHH HMenlI
npe}J,CTaBneHlIe 0 MaTeMaTIIKe KaK 0
HaYKe. Ho J1eno He TonbKO B 3TOM,
}J,a)Ke He CTonbKO B 3TOM. lIepe3 MaTe-
MaTIIKY (a }J,pyrlIx cpe}J,CTB Y MeHR
npOCTO HeT) R XOqy nepe}J,aTb }J,eTRM
HayqHbIM CTlInb }J,eRTenbHOCTII, npe)K}J,e
Bcero KPIITlIqHOCTb, caMOCTOSlTenb-
HOCTb, }J,06pOCOBeCTHOCTb II OTBeTCT-
BeHHOCTb, .51 Ha}J,eIOCb, no BceM Bepo-
RTHOCTII HaIIBHO, qTO BnHRHHe 3Toro
CTlInR XOTb KaK-TO 3aIIllITIIT IIX B 6y-
}J,YIIleM OT naBIIHbI nOllinOCTII, qenyxlI,
}J,eMarorlIlI II nonpocTY BpaHbR, «KTO
nponlITancSI C }J,eTCTBa MaTeMaTIIKOM B
TaKOM Mepe, qTO YCBOlIn ce6e ee Heo-
npOBep)KIIMbJe }J,OKa3aTenbCTBa, TOT
TaK nO}J,rOTOBneH K BocnpHSlT1I1O IICTII-
HbI, qTO HenerKO }J,onYCTIIT KaK)'IO-HII-
6Y}J,b <l>anbllIb» - TaK HanlIcan B XVII B,
TI, racceH}J,II,
O}J,Ha)K}J,bl BO BpeMSI ,n:IICKYCCHII
C KonneraMII SI CKa3an, qTO MHe HpaBIIT-
CR B cpe}J,HeM O}J,IIH CBOM ypOK 1I3 CTa"
A nOqeMY? )],a nOToMY, qTO SI 3a-
HIIMalOCb C }J,eTbMH He HayKOM, a He1I3Be-
CTHO 'IeM, BbIHY)K}J,eH TaK ,n:enaTb, YBbl.
TaKoe nOHIIMaHHe npe,n:MeTa Ha-
Kna}J,bIBaeT 06S13aTenbcTBa, KOTopbIe
He Bcer}J,a y}J,aeTCSI BbmonHIITb,
MaTeMaTIIKa npe}J,CTaeT nepe}J,o
MHOM pa3HbIMII CBOIIMII cTopoHaMlI,
1, MameMamuKa - oeoYKmu6HaR
HaYKa, }J,aBllIaSl MIIPy aKclIOMaTlIqeCKIIM
MeTO}J, H HeKlIe 3TanOHbI CTporocTII
paccY)K}J,eHIIM. MO)KHO HaqaTb C He-
60nbllIoro qlIcna aKCIIOM II 3aHIIMaTb-
CR nonyqeHlIeM cne}J,cTBIIM 1I3 HIIX Bce
OCTanbHoe BpeMR, npo}J,BlIraSl TeoplIlO,
2" MameMamUKa - cnoco6 n03Ha-
HUR Mupa (<<OcHoBa TOqHOrO eCTeCTBO-




3HaHIIR»,- rOBOpHn )],. rlInb6epT) H
Cpe}J,CTBO }J,nR npaKTHqeCKOM }J,eRTenb-
HOCTII B 3TOM MHpe, TIpe}J,CKa3aTb 3aT-
MeHHe IInH noro}J,y, nOCTpOIITb 3}J,aHHe,
HaMTH KOHQeHTpaQHIO paCTBOpa -
nplIMepOB, nO}J,06HbIX 3THM, CKOnbKO
yro}J,HO,
3, MameMamuKa - 3mo cnelfUlj"JU-
lJeCKaR meXHUKa, Ha60p nplIeMoB H
MeTO}J,OB }J,nR pellIeHHR pa3Ho06pa3HeM-
IlIHX 3a}J,aq, B03MO)KHOCTb nOCTORHHO
TpeHlIpoBaTb H cOBepllIeHcTBoBaTb 3TY
TexHHKY, )],ocTaTOqHO BcnOMHIITb reo-
MeTp1I1O TpeyronbHHKa"
J1 Ka)K}J,aR H3 3THX CTOpOH HaKna-
}J,bIBaeT CBOM OTneqaTOK Ha npenO}J,aBa-
HHe,
B cHny }J,e}J,YKTHBHoro xapaKTepa
MaTeMaTIIKII R 06R3aH }J,OKa3bIBaTb Bce,
Ha qTO R nOTOM C06IIpalOCb CCbInaTb-
CR" He Bo06Il\e Bce, qTO R rOBoplO }J,e-
TRM, eCTb IIHTepeCHbIe pe3ynbTaTbI, }J,O-
Ka3aTenbCTBO KOTOpbIX }J,aTb yqeHIIKaM
npocTo HeB03MO)KHO, HanplIMep TpaHc-
QeH}J,eHTHOCTb qlIcen 1t II e, TIOpOM
}J,aTb nplIeMneMoe }J,OKa3aTenbCTBO
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