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Author: Непомнящий Н.Н.
Tags: всеобщая история всемирная история история история индии
ISBN: 978-5-9533-4386-2
Year: 2010
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u;eB, - T5I>KeAbIH 3arrax MycKyca OT MHO>KeCTBa MYCKYCHbIX
KpbIC, >KI1:Byrn;Hx IIOA 3eMAelO, pa3AI1:T IIO B03AYXY; CTpaHHble
-7-
H.H. HerrOMHHI.I.I:J1M
=
=
3BYKI1: HeYMOAKalOI.IJ;eM MY3bIKH... BOT qTO C rrepBOrO pa3a
oBAaAeeT BHHMaHHeM rryreIIIecTBeHHI1:Ka». (MbI TaK>Ke Bep-
HeMC5I K ero rryreIIIecTBHIO B HallieM KHHre.)
B «OTeqeCTBeHHblx 3arrHCKaX» 3a 1844 rOA 6bIAa Harreqa-
TaHa CTaTb5I «HeCKOAbKO 3aMeqaHI1:H KaCaTeAbHO aHrAHMcKoH
OCT-I1HACKOH KOMrraHl1:11: B I1HAocTaHe (BbIAep>KKa 11:3 3arrH-
COK He3aCAY>KeHHO 3a6bIToro PYCCKoro rryreIIIecTBeHHHKa
A.f. Po eBa}». «51: 6bIA rrOpa.>KeH 6eAHOCTblO H CTpalliHOH HH-
I.IJ;eTOIO, - rrHIIIeT OH, - B KOTOpyro rrorpY>KeHbI Tpl1: qeTBep-
TI1: HapOAOHaCeAeHH5I I1HAI1:H... 3arMlHI1:Te B >KI1:AHI.IJ;a 3TI1:X
AIOAeM, CTOAb rrOAe3HbIX 11: CTOAb TPYAOAI06HBbIX, - KaKoe
3peAHI.IJ;e. )KaAKa5I 3eMMlHKa... 06bIKHOBeHHa5I rrl1:I.IJ;a I1:X -
ropCTb MYJ<H, 6pOIIIeHHa5I B XOAOAHyro BOAY, KOTOpyro 3a He-
AOCTaTKOM COAH OHI1: rrpHrrpaBMlIOT KpaCHbIM rrepQeM».
KaK MbI BI1:AI1:M, XIX BeK CTaHOBI1:TC5I BeKOM «rrp03pe-
HI1:5I», KorAa, c6paCbIBa5I BYaAb 60raTcTBa, I1HAH5I rrpeAcTa-
eT rrepeA pOCCI1:HCKHM rryreIIIecTBeHHI1:KOM 11: ql1:TaTeAeM HI1:-
I.IJ;eM. EAarOAap5I POTqeBY POCCI1:5I Y3HaAa Terrepb 11: APyryro
I1HAHIO - «orpa6AeHHyro aHrAHqaHaMI1:, HI1:I.IJ;yro 6ecrrpaB-
HYIO KOAOHHIO».
HapoAHoe BOCCTaHl1:e B I1HAI1:I1: 1857-1859 rOAOB rrpl1:-
BAeKAO BHHMaHHe pOCCI1:HCKOM 06I.IJ;eCTBeHHocTI1:. )KYPHaA
«OTeqeCTBeHHble 3arrI1:CKH» rrl1:CaA: «B HaCT05II.IJ;ee BpeM5I B
rrOAHTl1:qeCKOM MHpe eABa AH eCTb Borrpoc Ba>KHee, I1:HTepeC-
Hee H cepbe3Hee Borrpoca 06 I1HAHH... Bce C BeAHqaHIIIHM
HeTeprreHHeM >KAyr H3BeCTI1:M H3 I1HAI1:H; Ha cToA6Qax ra3eT
rrpe>KAe Bcero HI.IJ;yr MarHqeCKI1:X CAOB: "I1HAH5I rr , "I1:HAI1:H-
CKa5I rrOqTa rr , "KoppecrrOHAeHQH5I 11:3 KaAbKyrTbl rr ». []OMH-
MO «OTeqeCTBeHHbIX 3arrI1:COK» TaKHe >KypHaAbI H ra3eTbI,
KaK «ATeHeH», «BOeHHbIH >KypHaA», «PYCCKI1:H BeCTHHK»,
«BOeHHbIH C60PHHK», «CaHKT-[]eTep6yprcKHe BeAOMOCTH»,
«MOCKOBCKl1:e BeAOMOCTI1:», 11: APyrHe HaqaAl1: aKTI1:BHO rry-
6AHKOBaTb MaTepHaAbI 06 I1:HAHMCKOM BOCCTaHHH. CHaqaAa
3TO 6bIAH KpaTKHe 3aMeTKH, 3aTeM - rroAP06Hble orrHCaHH5I
Cpa>KeHI1:M, KpHTHqeCKHM aHaAH3 aHrAHMCKOrO rocrrOACTBa.
OAHaKo HH OAHa pOCCI1:MCKa5I ra3eTa He HMeAa CBOI1:X
KoppecrrOHA HTOB B 6pl1:TaHCKOM KOAOHHI1:, H 60AbIIIa5I qaCTb
I1:HcpopMaQ11:11: qeprraAaCb 11:3 aHrAI1:MCKI1:X I1:CTOQHI1:KOB.
B rrepl1:0AI1:qeCKOM rreqaTH POCCI1:H cpa3Y >Ke orrpeAeAHA-
C5I pa3HbIM rrOAXOA K C06bITI1:5IM B I1HAHH. 3TO 06'b5ICH5IeTC5I
pa3Me>KeBaHHeM 11: pOCCHMCKoro 06I.IJ;eCTBa Toro BpeMeHI1:.
- 8-
PYCCKaH J.1H.D:J1H
=
=
B3rMlA npaB5I I1:X KpyroB Bblpa>KaAa CTaTb5I OAHOrO 11:3 5IP-
KI1:X rrpeACTaBI1:TeAeH O I1:Ql1:aAbHOM I1:CTOpHqeCKOH HaYKI1:
M.Il. IlorOAHHa, B KOTOpOM rOBOpHAOCb, qTO «BCe B POCCI1:I1:
3a6bIAH HeHaBHCTb rrpOTI1:B aHrAHqaH" 11: BI1:AeAH B HHX TOAb-
KO rrpeACTaBI1:TeAeH QI1:BI1:AH3aQI1:I1:, KOTOpOM yrpO>KaeT Bap-
BapCTBO», orry6AHKoBaHHa5I B ra3eTe «I\.e HOPA» 3a 17 H05I-
6p5I 1857 rOAa.
B AeKa6pe Toro >Ke rOAa «IleTep6yprcKl1:e BeAOMOCTH»
orry6AHKOBaAH cepHIO cTaTeH H3BeCTHoro KOHCepBaTI1:BHO-
ro rry6AI1:QI1:cTa H.YI. TapaceHKo-OTpelliKoBa, B KOTOpOM OH
TaK>Ke 3a l1: aA H orrpaBAbIBaA AHrAI1:IO. ry6HTeAbHOCTb
OCT- YlHAcKOH KOMrraHl1:11: Bblpa311:A peAaKTop >KypHaAa
«ATeHeM» E. KOplII B cBoeH AH6epaAbHO HarrpaBAeHHoH CTa-
Tbe «YlHAHMcKoe BOCCTaHl1:e, ero rrpl1:qHHbI 11: rrocAeACTBI1:5I»
(1858). OAHaKo KOPlII, KaK 11: APyrHe AH6epaAbI, Kpl1:THKOBaA
Al1:lIIb KpaHHocTH 6pHTaHcKoro rrpaBHTeAbCTBa, He BbICry-
rra5I rrpOTI1:B caMOH CHCTeMbI KOAOHl1:aAbHOH 3KcrrAyaTaQHH.
EOAee rAy60Kyro H OCMbICAeHHYIO OQeHKY BOCCTaHHIO
AaAH pyccKHe peBOAIOQI1:0HHble AeMOKpaTbI. XOT5I HX MHe-
HHe 11: He 6bIAO rocrrOACTBYIO HM, HMeHHO OHO 5IBMlAOCb
Bblpa>KeHHeM nporpeCCI1:BHOH pOCCHMCKOM MbICAH cepeAH-
HbI XIX BeKa. H.r. "4epHbIlIIeBCKI1:H, H.A. A06pOAI060B qe-
pe3 >KYPHaA «CoBpeMeHHHK» aKTHBHO rrOMep>KHBaAH I1:AeH
BOCCTaHI1:5I. B CeHT5I6pbCKOM HOMepe >KypHaAa 3a 1857 rOA
3a rrOArrl1:CblO H. Typql1:HOB (rrceBAOHI1:M H.A. A06pOA1060-
Ba) 6bIAa orry6AHKoBaHa CTaTb5I «B3rMlA Ha HCTOpHIO 11: co-
BpeMeHHoe COCT05IHl1:e OCT-YlHAI1:I1:». B HeH aBTop Bblpa>KaeT
rAy60KYlO CI1:MrraTHIO HHAI1:HCKOMY HapoAY. IlpHql1:HbI BOC-
CTaHI1:5I A06pOAI060B BHAeA B rrOpOqHOCTH BceM CHCTeMbI
aHrAHHcKoro rocrrOACTBa.
B 1890-x rOAax Ha CTpaHI1:Qax >KypHaAOB «)K11:3Hb»,
«BeCTHI1:K BCeMl1:pHOM I1:CTOpl1:l1:» n05IBMlIOTC5I CTaTbl1: aBTO-
pa, KOToporo M. rOpbKI1:M CTaBI1:A B OAHH P5IA C caMbIMH 6Ae-
CT5I I1:MI1: >KypHaAI1:CTaMH Toro BpeMeHI1:, - A. CarypHHa.
Carypl1:H rrpOAOA>KI1:A TPaAHQl1:1O CBOI1:X rrpeAlIIeCTBeHHI1:KOB
B Kpl1:TI1:Ke aHrAI1:MCKOrO rrpaBI1:TeAbcTBa. Ho B OTAHtIl1:e OT
HHX eMY 6bIAI1: AocryrrHbI I1:HAHMCKl1:e HCTOtIHI1:KI1: I1:H OpMa-
QHH: AOKYMeHTbI, MOHOrpa I1:H, rrepHoAHKa. OH 6bIA AHqHO
3HaKOM C rrepeAoBbIMI1: >KypHaAHCTaMH YlHAHH. B CBOHX pa-
60Tax CarypHH 3Haql1:TeAbHoe BHI1:MaHl1:e YAeMlA pa3BI1:THIO
Karrl1:TaAH3Mal1: HaQI1:0HaAbHOM 6yp>Kya3HH B I1HAI1:I1:: «11 rro
- g-
H.H. HerrOMHHIl{J1J1
=
=
Mepe pa3BHTHH KPyrrHoM rrpOMbIIlIAeHHOCTH 6YAeT paCTH TOT
KAaCC, KOTOpbIM HBHTCH HClAe)KHOH orropOM MOAOAOM I1HAHH
Bee 6opb6e 3a rrporpeccHBHbIe pecpopMbI If KOTOpbIM rrocAY-
)KHT 3BeHOM MeJKAY HOBOM I1HAHeM H TeMH 3AeMeHTaMH, Ka-
KHe ycrrelOT YQeAeTb OT cTapoM I1HAHH».
EAaroAapH TaKHM aBTopaM o6pa3 cTpaHbI rrpeACTaBaA
qeTqe H 06'beMHee...
A 06pa3 POCCHH B I1HAHH? KaK Y3HaBaAH HHAHMQbI 0 Aa-
AeKoM H BeAHKOM cTpaHe Ha 3arrClAe?
BepHeMcH HeMHoro B rrpollIAoe. B rrepBoM qeTBepTH
XIX BeKa rrepeAoBaH HHAHMcKaH HHTeAAJ1:reHQHH, rAaBHbIM
o6pa30M 6eHraAhCKaH, CTaAa rrpOHBAHTb OC06bIM HHTepec
K POCCHH. B 1818 rOAY HHAHMCKHH )KypHaA «AHra AapllIaH»
orry6AHKOBaA CTaTblO 0 POCCHH rrOA 3arAaBHeM «PYIlIHa». Bo
MHorHX KHHrax H rry6AHKaQHHx rrpOHBAHACH 60AbllIOM HHTe-
pec K neTPY I.
14 HHBapH 1904 rOAa 6oM6eMcKaH ra3eTa «TaMMc ocp I1H-
AHa» OrrOBelQaAa 0 TparHqeCKOM rH6eAH XYA0)KHHKa B.B. Be-
pelQarHHa Ha 6pOHeHOCQe «neTporraBAOBCK» BO BpeMH MHH-
HOM aTaKH HrrOHQeB Ha PYCCKHM cpAOT rrOA nOpTOM-APTYPOM.
B CTaTbe «EAaropOAHbIM PYCCKHM» rrHCaAOCb, qTO TOACTOM,
4eXOB, BepelQarHH HBAHIOTCSI caMbIMH rrorrYAHpHbIMH B I1H-
AHH rrpeACTaBHTeAHMH PYCCKOM KYAbTYpbI.
B I1HAHH rrpOHBAHACH )KHBOM HHTepec K PYCCKOM KYAb-
TYpe H B )KypHaAaX «EeHraAH», «ExapaTH», «BOCTOK» rro-
CTOHHHO rry6AHKOBaAHCb CTaTbH 0 PYCCKOM AHTepaTYpe.
B 1915 rOAY)KypHaA «ExapaTH» orry6AHKOBaA OqepK 0 )KH3-
HH H MHpoBo33peHHH <D.M. AocToeBcKoro H CTaA 3HaKOMHTb
CBOHX qHTaTeAeM C TBOpqeCTBOM J\.eoHHAa AHApeeBa.
B 1912 rOAY M. rOpbKHM rrpHBAeK B «CoBpeMeHHHK»
E.P. KaMY, BHAHYIO HHAHMCKYIO rraTpHoTKY H peBoAIOQHo-
HepKY, peAaKTopa ra3eTbI «I1HAH3H COQHOAOA>KHCT».
J\.oKcaHHH EaA raHra.AXap THAaK (1856-1920), rrepBbIM
BOJKAb 60pb6bI 3a HaQHOHaAhHYIO He3aBHCHMOCTb I1HAHH,
BHAeA B PYCCKOM peBoAlOQHH 1905 rOAa BAoxHoBAeHHyro
60pb6y rrpOTHB AecrrOTH3Ma, 3a AeMoKpaTHIO. B CBoeM ra3e-
Te «KecapH» 3,a 21 MaH 1907 rOAa OH rrHCaA 0 6opb6e POCCHH
H ApyrHX cTpaH rrpoTHB THpaHHH. OH rrpHMo rOBopHA, qTO
I1HAHH MO)KeT CTaTb «BTOpOM PoccHeM».
MaxaTMa raHAH B 1905 rOAY rrHCaA 0 PYCCKOM peBoAlO-
QHH: «ECAH PYCCKHM HapoA Ao6beTcH ycrrexa, 3Ta peBOAlO-
-10-
PYCCKaH J1H.D:J1H
=
=
QHH B POCCHH 6YAeT OQeHeHa KaK BeAHqaMllIaSl n06eAa, Be-
AHqaHllIee C06bITHe HbIHellIHerO BeKa».
TaKHM 06pa30M, peBOAlOQHOHHaH,MbICAb I1HAHH nOAnH-
TbIBaAaCb HAeHMH PYCCKOH peBoAlOQHH.
23 MapTa 1900 rOAa B «npaBHTeAbcTBeHHoM BeCTHHKe»
npollIAo cAeAYlOl.Qee C006I.QeHHe: «roCYAapcTBeHHbIM COBeT
B coeAHHeHHbIX AenapTaMeHTax 3aKOHOB H rocYAapcTBeH-
HOM 3KOHOMHH H B 06I.QeM c06paHHH, paccMoTpeB npeA-
CTaBAeHHe MI1A 06 yqpeJKAeHHH reHepaAbHOrO KOHCYAb-
CTBa B EOM6ee, MHeHHeM nOAO)KHA: AeMcTBYlOl.QHe llITaTbI
3arpaHHqHbIX YCTaHoBAeHHM MI1A AonOAHHTb yqpeJKAeHH-
eM A0A)KHOCTH reHepaAbHOrO KOHCYAa B EOM6ee...»
nepBbIM reHepaAbHbIM KOHCYAOM B EOM6eM 6bIA Ha3Ha-
qeH BHAHbIM AHnAOMaT H pa3BeAqHK BaCHAHH (BHAbreAbM)
OCKapOBHq cpOH KAeMM (1861-1938), AO 3Toro CAYJKHB-
llIHM B PYCCKOM npeAcTaBHTeAbcTBe B EyxapcKoM xaHCTBe.
3ClAaqeM KOHcYAa 6bIAO cOAeMcTBHe HaAa)KHBaHHIO PYCCKO-
HHAHHCKHX 3KOHOMHqeCKHX cBH3eH, a TaK)Ke 3aI.QHTa HHTe-
pecoB pOCCHMCKHX rpaJKAaH B I1HAHH.
9 HOH6pH 1900 rOAa pOCcHMcKoe KOHCYAbCTBO B EOM6ee
6bIAO OTKpbITO.
lIlAH rOAbI. I1AeH nepBoM PYCCKOH peBoAlOQHH OCTaBHAH
CBOM cAeA B I1HAHH. J\.oKMaHHH THAaK B cBoeH 60pb6e npoTHB
aHrAHMCKOrO npaBHTeAbCTBa qaCTO CCbIAaACH Ha POCCHIO, ro-
BOpH, qTO «ACUKe pOCCHMCKHM Qapb A0A)KeH 6bIA nOBHHOBaTb-
CH 60M6e, H XOTH OH MHoroKpaTHo AeAaA nonbITKH nOKOHqHTb
C AYMOIO, OH, HaKOHeQ, 6bIA npHHY>KAeH npH3HaTb ee cyrn;e-
CTBOBaHHe no He06xOAHMOCTH...». 113 3Toro AOKYMeHTa XOpO-
llIO BHAHO, KaKoe CHAbHOe BAHHHHe OKa3aAa rrepBaH PYCCKaH
peBOAlOQHH Ha HaQHOHaAbHO-OCB060AHTeAbHOe ABH)KeHHe
B I1HAHH. B 1917 rOAY B CBH3H C C06bITHHMH B POCCHH -
<DeBpaAbCKOM H OKTH6pbCKOM peBoAlOQHHMH - PYCCKO-
HHAHMcKHe AHnAOMaTHqeCKHe CBH3H 6bIAH HapyrneHbI.
OAHaKo Ha HayqHoM cppoHTe pa60Ta no H3yqeHHIO KYAb-
TYpbI I1HAHH npoAOA)KaAacb. BHAHbIM PYCCKHM nyrellIe-
CTBeHHHK, pa3BeAqHK, cTpaHoBeAAHApeM EBreHbeBHq CHe-
capeB (1865-1937), reHepaA QapcKoM apMHH, B COBeTCKoe
BpeMH AHpeKTop yqe6Horo I1HcTHT)'Ta BOCTOKOBeAeHHH B
MocKBe, 6bIA aBTopoM pHAa KHHr H cTaTeM, nOCBHl.QeHHbIX
cOBpeMeHHoM eMY I1HAHH, ny6AHKoBaBllIHxcH B 1900-
1920-x rOAax.
-11-
H.H. HerrOMHHIl{J1J1
=
=
C I1HAHeH Y POCCI1H OTHOllIeHHH BCerAa 6bIAH Tp(1AH-
QHOHHO APY)KeCTBeHHbIMH. I1HAHH, CaMa CTOAKHy:BIII aH-
CH C 3THHqeCKHMH npOTHBOpeqHHMH, BHHMaTeAbHO CAeAH-
Aa 3a Ha6HpaBIIIHMH CHAY QeHTpo6e)KHbIMH TeHAeHQHSlMH B
6bIBllIeM CCCP H CeHqaC Ha6AIOAaeT 3a AeHCTBI1S1MH, npeA-
npHHHMaeMbIMH pOCCHHCKHM PYKOBOACTBOM no AHKBHAa-
QHH HaQHOHaAHCTHqeCKOH «p)KaBqHHbI» BHyrpH POCCHH-
CKOH <DeAepaQHI1. I1HAHH HaCTOHqHBO I1l.QeT aAbTepHaTHBY
COBpeMeHHbIM HCAaMCKHM cxeMaM. OHa npOTI1BOAeHCTBY-
eT He TOAbKO BOHHCTBYIOrn;eMY HCAaMH3MY I1paHa H OaKH-
CTaHa, HO H cpYHAaMeHTaAHCTCKHM rpynnHpoBKaM Acpra-
HHCTaHa H pecny6AHK CpeAHeH A3HH. B TpeyrOAbHHKe OT-
HOllIeHHH POCCHH - KHTaH - I1HAHH CaHKT-OeTep6ypr H
MocKBa OTBOAHAH AeAH pOAb peryJUlTOpa, H 3Ta pOAb CTaAa
nepMaHeHTHOH. 5IBJUlHCb OAHHM H3 AHAepOB ABH)KeHHH He-
npHcoeAHHeHHH, I1HAHH BcerAa nOMep)KHBaAa HHHQHaTH-
BbI MOCKBbI Ha MeJKAYHapOAHOH apeHe, XOTH caMa MocKBa
HepeAKo npOHBJUlAa 6e3pa3AHqHe K perHOHaAhHbIM npo6Ae-
MaM AeAH. TaK, BO BpeMeHa rOp6aQeBCKOH nepeCTpOHKH
6bIA cAeAaH 3HaqHTeAbHbIH n03HTHBHbIH «BHTOK» B OTHOllIe-
HI1HX C I1HAHeH, oAHaKo MHorHe nepcneKTHBHbIe HAeH (Ta-
KHe, HanpHMep, KaK KOHQenQHH «HeCHAOBoro MHpa») 6bIAH
«3aroBopeHbI» MOCKBOH H elO )Ke «3(1ABHHyrbI» Ha BTOpOH
nAaH...
06pa3 AaAeKOH I1HAHH cpOpMHpOBaACH Y pOCCHSlH He
npOCTO 11 He cpa3Y. OOH(1A06HAHCb CTOAeTHH, npeJKAe qeM
MOCKOBCKHe nHOHepbI B CKa30qHOH nOBeCTH J\.a3apH J\.arHHa
«CTapHK XOTIa6bIq» (<< 1001 HOqb» no-coBeTcKH) 3anpocTo
oTnpaBHAHCb B AaAeKYIO BOCTOqHYIO cTpaHY (11 BeAb HMeH-
HO B I1HAHIO, a He B TYPQHIO H He B OepCHIO), a HHAI1HCKHe
KynQbI npecnOKOHHO paCnOAO)KHAHCb co CBOHMH TOBapa-
MH Ha CTOAHqHbIX YAHQax - COBceM KaK TorAa, B AaAeKOM
XVII BeKe B XAe60cOAbHOH ACTpaxaHH!
Tyr HeAb3H YAep)KaTbCH H He npHBeCTH 60AbllIYIO QHTa-
TY H3 CTaTbH «POCCHSI H I1HAHH - 6paK no AI06BH» BHAHO-
ro pOCCHHCKoro HHAOAora, AOKTopa HCTOpHqeCKHX HaYK Po-
I
CTHCAaBa EOPHCOBHqa PbI6aKOBa 0 «6paKe no AI06BH» Me)K-
AY POCCHeH H HHAHeH:
«Heo6'bHCHHMbIe CHMnaTHH, cAyqaeTcSI, COeAI1HSlIOT He
TOAbKO ero 11 ee, HO H QeAbIe HaQHH. TaK, HeB3HpaSl Ha pa3-
-12-
PYCCKa51 MH.D:J151
=
=
HOCTb TOrAallIHHX nOAHTHqeCKHX CHCTeM H Ha npOTHBOnO-
AO)KHOCTb reOrpacpHqeCKHX YCAOBHH, HeCMOTp51 Ha Henepe-
CeKaeMOCTb npoifAeHHbIx B npOIlIAOM HCTOpHqeCKHX nyreH,
HrHOpHpY5I paCOBbIe, 513bIKOBbIe H 6bITOBbIe pa3AHqH5I, IIOAlO-
6HAH APyr APyra B CepeAHHe II5ITHAeC5ITbIX rOAOB Ha BHAY Y
BCerO MHpa H Ha YAHBAeHHe eMY HapOAbI VlHAHH H POCCHH.
OTAaBa51 AOJUKHOe nepBbIM AaCTOqKaM 3TOH AI06BH -
CeHTHMeHTaAbHbIM cpHAbMaM PClA)Ka Kanypa H rAy6oKoMbIC-
AeHHbIM nOAOTHaM HHKOAa51 PepHXa, C 6AarOAapHOCTblO
BCnOMHHa51 nepBbIX H3 nepBbIX rOCYAapCTBeHHbIX HallIHX
«nOCAOB» - apHCTOKpaTa H cpHAOCOcpa Hepy H npOCTOAIO-
AHHa H annapaTqHKa XpYl.QeBa, CKa)KeM, HaKOHeQ, BCAYX,
qTO YHHKaAbHOCTb 3TOH nOqTH HppaQHOHaAbHOH AI06BH
B ee BCeHapOAHOCTH C 06eHx CTOpOH. He 3KOHOMHqeCKa51
IIOMOl.Qb, He nOAHTHqeCKa51 nOMep)KKa, He npHAYMaHHoe
II03AHee «CTpaTerHqeCKOe IIapTHepCTBO» - Bce 3TO 6bIAO,
KOHeqHO, HO rAaBHbIM 6bIAO APyroe. TeIIAa51 APY)KeCKa51 BOA-
Ha OT KaJKAoro K KaJKAOMY, OT cepAQa K cepAQY - BOT Ha qeM
6bIAO MYAPO nOCTpoeHO Bce OCTaAbHoe. HapOAHoe T5IrOTe-
HHe APyr K APYry - BOT qTO n03BOAHAO rOBopHTb 0 BeqHOH
APY)K6e ABYX rOCYAapCTB.
Ho rOCYAapCTB AH? MO)KeT 6bITb, npaB 6bIA nOCOA VlH-
AHH B POCCHHCKOH <DeAepaQHH, 6e3 YCTaAH nOBTOp5l5l, qTO
OTHOllIeHH5I VlHAHH H POCCHH - 3TO He Me)KrOCYAapCTBeH-
HbIe CB5I3H, a Me)KQHBHAH3aQHOHHbIe. ABe BeAHKHe QHBHAH-
3aQHH T5IHyrC5I APyr K APYry, H OT 3Toro T5IrOTeHH5I MHoroe
3aBHCHT B CerOAH5IIlIHeM H B 6YAYI.QeM MHpe.
Aa)Ke eCAH 3TO T5IrOTeHHe np05lBAHeTC5I Ha nOAC03Ha-
TeAbHOM ypOBHe. Aa)Ke eCAH 3TO T5IrOTeHHe 06peTaeT MH-
cpOAorH3HpOBaHHYIO cpOPMY. OOMHIO, nOA MClApaCOM 3eAe-
H06opOAbIH OT CTapOCTH 6p0A51qHH Ca.AXY (CB5ITOH) Ha AaBHO
Y)Ke MepTBOM 513bIKe caHCKpHTe YBep5lA MeH5I, qTO CB5Il.QeH-
Ha51 peKa HHAYCOB raHr 6epeT HaqaAO B CH6HPH, B CTpaHe
MYApeQOB, IIpaOTQeB HHAHHQeB-pHIlIH (OT HMeHH KOTOpbIX
H npOHCXOAHT, MOA, HM5I POCCH5I) - 60Aee BbICOKoro nbeAe-
CTaAa B VlHAHH H Bo06pa3HTb HeAb351.
MO)KeT 6bITb, nepBOnpHqHHY 3Toro T5IrOTeHH5I CTOHT
IIOHCKaTb B r.hy6HHax HCTOpHH? HHKorAa, HH B KaKHe BeKa
He 3acpHKCHpOBaHO HH OAHoro 3nH30Aa, MorYl.Qero OMpa-
qHTb HalliH OTHOllIeHH5I. HHKorAa MbI He IIpOAHBaAM KpOBb
APyr APyra, He COnepHHqaAH, He 06MaHbIBaAM, He CCOPH-
-13-
H. H. HerrOMHHIl{J1J1
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AHCb. H KOrAa HeCKOAbKO AeT Ha3aA HallI HHCTHTyr BOC-
TOKOBeAeHHH CTaA COBMeCTHO C A3HaTCKHM 06IQeCTBOM B
KaAbKyrTe M3AaBaTb rrOAHbIH CBOA apXHBHbIX AOKYMeHTOB
rro PYCCKO-HHAHHCKMM OTHOllIeHHHM, BO BceH Macce coxpa-
HHBllIHXCH AOKYMeHTOB He HallIAOCb HH OAHoro HeAo6poro
MAM HeYBa)KHTeAbHoro He TO qTo6bI rrocTyrrKa HAH 3aMbIC-
Aa, HO Aa)Ke CAOBa. HH HaM, HH HM He HaAO CMHrqaTb KOM-
MeHTapHHMH 3aAYMaHHoe, rrpeArrpHHHToe HAH CKa3aHHoe
HallIHMH rrpeAKaMH.
HHAHH HHKOfAa, rrOBTopHIO - HMKOfAa! - He BocrrpM-
HHMaAaCb Y Hac KaK HeqTO HerrOHSlTHoe, TeMHoe H, CAeAOBa-
TeAbHO, yrpo)KaIOIQee.
He OTIoro AM, qTO BHAeACH B HeM KpaM cBeTa, HeCKa3aH-
HO AaAeKHM OT Hac?
Y AHBMTeAbHO, HO Ha rrpOTH)KeHMH Bcex BeKOB HallIeH
HCTOpHH HHAHH B BH3aHTHMCKOM, a 0TTYAa H B PYCCKOM Ha-
pOAHOM C03HaHHH H3AyqaAa ayPY CBeTa H AYXOBHOCTH. Ha-
60)KHbIe M 6AarOqeCTHBbIe "paxMaHbI" (6paxMaHbI) HaCeMl-
lOT rrepeBOAHbIe H PYCCKHe CKa3aHHH, rrOBeCTH, C60PHHKH,
BCTpeqalOTCH Aa)Ke B AeTorrHCSlX H Ha06opOT - 6bIAHHHbIe
HallIH repOH XBaCTaIOTCH, qTO rrpOMCXOMlT H3 HHAHH ("H BbI-
eXaA H3 I1HAeH 60raTbIe" HAH "c BOAbIH-rOpOAa, Aa CO HH-
AHMCKoro"). OpH 3TOM MYAPbIe "paXMaHbI", rroyqalOIIJ;He ca-
Moro AAeKcaHApa MaKeAOHCKoro, BbIcryrralOT B MMeBllIHX
llIHpOKoe XOJKAeHHe Ha PYCH PYKorrHCHX He KaK rrpOTHBHbIe
xpHCTHaHCKOMY AYXY H3bIqHMKH, a KaK HOCHTeAH HCTHHHOH
yqeHocTH H AYXOBHOCTH.
A MO)KeT, rrepBOrrpHqHHOM B3aHMHoro THrOTeHHH ABYX
CTOAb pa3AMqHbIX BHellIHe QMBHAM3aU;HM cAeAyeT rrpH3HaTb
AOHCTOpHqecKYIO 06IIJ;HOCTb HX KopHeH? 3TO OqeHb CAO)K-
HaSl TeMa, HaYKa He CKa3aAa eIQe rrOCAeAHero CAOBa. ECTb
COTHH, eCAH He TbICHqH rrpaKTHqeCKH COBrraAaIOIIJ;HX CAOB B
CAaBHHCKHX Sl3bIKax H caHCKpHTe (ABapa - ABepb, MaTa -
MaTb, arHH - OfOHb H T. rr.), eCTb pa3HTeAbHOe CXOACTBO B
H3bIqeCKHX AOxpHCTHaHCKHX 06pHAax C 06pHAaMH HHAYH3-
Ma (HarrpHMep, CO)K)KeHHe MepTBbIX), eCTb, HaKOHeQ, CTpaH-
HbIe rraCCa)KH B ApeBHeHllIHX rraMHTHHKax HHAHM - BeAax
(BeAbI - BeAaTb, 3HaHHe), H3 KOTOpbIX cAeAyeT, qTO rrpeA-
KaM COBpeMeHHbIX HHAHHQeB 6bIAM H3BeCTHbI apKTHqeCKMe
C03Be3AHSI, J\.eAOBHTbIM OKeaH H APyrHe peaAHH BbICOKHX
llIHpOT. . .
-14-
PYCCKaH MH.D:J1H
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Ho 3TO nOAqac 3bI6KaSl nOqBa AOr(1AOK H HeAOCTaTOK nOA-
AHHHOH 06pa30BaHHOCTH AerKO MO)KeT CbIrpaTb C HaMH He-
A06pylO llIyrKY.
B TO )Ke BpeMSI MHe, KaK PYCCKOMY', C OAHOH CTOpOHbI, H
HHAOAOry C 40-AeTHHM CTa)KeM - C APyroH, npeACTaB.l\.5IeT-
CSI, qTO nOA 6pOCalOIQHMHCSI B rAa3a qHCTO BHellIHHMH pa3-
AHqHSlMH HallIHX CTpaH H HapOAOB HX AeHCTBHTeAbHO 06'b-
eAHHSleT fAy6HHHoe pOACTBO, npHqeM HMeHHO pOACTBO AY-
XOBHOrO nAaHa.
rAy6HHHbIe OCHOBbI I1HAHH TaK 6AH3KH pOCCHHCKOH
Ayrne. KaJKAOMY H3 HaC...»..
* POCCI15I - I1HAI15I: IIepCIIeKTI1BbI pa3BI1TI15I perl10HOB (P5I3aH-
CKa5I 06AaCTb). M.: I1HCTI1TYI' BOCTOKOBeAeHI15I PAH, 2000.
-15-
I1EPBOE I1PJ1KOCHOBEHJ1E.
XO)l()J:EHJ1E 3A TPJ1 MOP5I
=
- =
CIIpOCHTe Y KOrO-AH60 cerOAHSI, C qeM Y qeAOBeKa acco-
QHHpyeTcSI HMSI AcpaHaCHH, H 601OCb, qTO B 60AbllII1HCTBe
cAyqaeB IIoAyqHTe OTBeT: «C MapKOH IIHBa». HeKOTopbIe
CMOryr BCIIOMHHTb KOMeAHIO «AcpOHSI» C J\eOHHAOM KypaB-
AeBbIM B rAaBHOH pOAH. VI Y>K COBceM MaAO KTO Ha30BeT MY-
>KeCTBeHHoro KYIIQa H3 TBepH - AcpaHaCHSI HHKHTHHa.
B cepeAHHe XV BeKa TBepb, HeCMOTpSl Ha IIo6eAY Mo-
CKBbI, OCTaBaAaCb KPYIIHeHIlIHM 3KOHOMHqeCKHM QeHTpOM
PYCH. Bo ABope TBepCKoro KHSl3S1 cyrn;ecTBOBaAO ToprOBoe
IIOCOAbCTBO H3 repaTa. TBepCKHe KyrrQbI TOprOBaAH TOBa-
paMH co MHorHMH cTpaHaMH. BOT H AcpaHaCHH HHKHTHH
B 1466 rOAY «IIOAaACSI Ha IOra» - OTIIpaBI1ACSI C TOBapoM B
«lIlHpBaHcKyro 3eMAIO» , qTO Ha CeBepHoM KaBKa3e. OOA
ACTpaxaHblO KapaBaH 6bIA orpa6AeH HoraHcKHMH TaTapa-
MH. He >KeAaSl, BepHy:BIlIHcb AOMOH, CTaTb 3a AOArH XOAOIIOM,
. "
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C])parMeHm naMRmHUKa B TBepu
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HHKHTHH «OT MHorbISI 6eAbI nOHAOx AO I1HAeH», KYAa AO-
6paACSI nOCAe MHorHX TSlrOT B 1469 rOAY. 4acTo 6e3 cpeAcTB
11 C pHCKOM Al\5f. )KH3HH TPH rOAa nyrernecTBOBaA OH no CTpa-
He, paCCKa3aB 0 ee ynpaBAeHHI1, X03S1HCTBe, peAHrHH, 6bITe,
npHpOAe B COql1HeHHH «XO>KAeHHe 3a TPH MOpSl», CTaBrneM
He TOAbKO TOqHbIM HCTOqHHKOM cBeAeHHH 06 I1HAHI1, HO 11
naMSlTHI1KOM ApeBHepyccKoH AHTeparypbI, nepeBeAeHHbIM
Ha MHorHe Sl3bIKH.
B CBoeM «XO>KAeHHH 3a TPH MOpSl» - KaCnl1HCKOe, I1H-
AHHcKoe 11 4epHoe - AcpaHacHH HHKHTHH npeoAoAeBa-
eT nOAHbIH cMepTeAbHblx onacHocTeH nyrb - OT TBepH AO
lO)KHbIX 6eperoB KacnHHcKoro MOpSl, qepe3 BClO TIepcHlO,
I1HAl1lO, AcppHKY (COMaAH), MacKaT, OCMaHcKYlO HMnepHIO
06paTHo B MOCKOBl1lO. OH n06bIBaA B I1HAI1H nOqTH 3a TPHA-
QaTb AeT AO BacKo Aa raMbI H, no cyrl1 AeAa, OTKpbIA I1HAl1lO
Al\5f. PYCCKHX.
KOHeqHO, HeMHOrl1e qHTaAl1 ClAanTHpoBaHHbIH TeKCT
3Toro, no CyrH AeAa, AHeBHHKa nyrernecTBeHHHKa, ropa3Ao
60Abrne HapoAY cMoTpeAo cpl1AbM «Xo>KAeHHe 3a TPH MOpSl»,
c03AaHHbIH no MOTHBaM np0I13BeAeHHSI: AaMbI nocTaprne Ha-
BepHSlKa nOMHSlT KpacaBQa OAera CTpH)KeHOBa B rAaBHoH
pOAH - AcpaHacl1S1 HI1KI1THHa.
-17-
H.H. HerrOMHHIl{J1J1:
=
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B 1955 rOAY B TBepH (TorAa KaAHHI1He) Ha 6epery BOA-
rH 6bIA nOCTaBAeH naMHTHHK BeAHKoMY nyrellIecTBeHHH-
KY (cKYAbnTOpbI C.M. OpAOB, A.n. 3aBaAOB, apxHTeKTop
r.A. 3axapoB, 6poH3a, rpaHHT). CeHqaC naMHTHHK AcpaHa-
CHID HHKHTHHY SlBAHeTCH BH3HTHOH KapTOqKOH ropoAa, a
ero MHOrOqHCAeHHbIe BHAbI HcnoAb3YIDTCH B KaqeCTBe Aoro-
THnOB.
B 2002 rOAY B I1HAHH, B MeCTeqKe PeBAaHAa (120 KM OT
MYM6aH), Ha TeppHTopHH MeCTHoro KOAAeA>!{a 6bIAa YCTa-
HOBAeHa naMHTHaH ceMHMeTpoBaSl CTeAa, 06AHQoBaHHaSl
qepHbIM rpaHHToM. HClAnHcH Ha CTeAe Ha qeTbIpex H3bIKax
c006I.QalOT 0 TOM, qTO TBepCKOH KyneQ AcpaHacHH HHKHTHH
HenOAaAeKY BnepBbIe CryrrHA Ha HHAHHCKyro 3eMAIO.
COBceM HeAaBHO B <DeoAocHH (6bIBllIaH Kacpa) TO>Ke 6bIA
YCTaHoBAeH naMHTHHK AcpaHacHIO HI1KHTHHY. CKYAbnrypa
paCnOAO>KeHa B HCTOpHqeCKOM MeCTe ropoAa - Ha MbIce Ka-
paHTHH, HeAaAeKO OT cpeAHeBeKoBoro npaBocAaBHoro xpa-
Ma 110aHHa npeATeqH (I1BepcKoH HKOHbI EO>KbeH MaTepH),
B KOTOpOM, no npeAaHHIO, MOAHACH HHKHTHH, npH6bIBllIHH
oceHblO 1474 rOAa H3 AaAeKOrO nyrellIecTBHSI B Kacpy. ABTO-
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-18-
PYCCKaH MH.D:J1H
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MeXOBCKHH. OOArOTOBKa K YCTaHOBKe naMHTHI1Ka AAHAaCb
21 rOA, 11 cOOpY)KaACH OH Ha nO)KepTBOBaHHSI rOpO)KaH, pe-
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ECTb Bce OCHOBaHHSI yrBepJKAaTb, qTO TeKCT «XO)KeHI1H»
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C060H 60AbllIyro PYKonHcb BO BpeMH nyrellIecTBHH, a B Map-
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POAHHY, «YMep, AO CMOAeHCKa He AOHMI». ECTb MHeHHe, qTO
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TpHeB AOCTaBHAH B CTOAMQY AbHKY BeAHKoro KHSl3H BacH-
AMlO MaMblpeBY (a MO)KeT, H HM caMHM), a TBepb B TO BpeMH
elQe 6bIAa caMOCTOHTeAbHbIM CHAbHbIM KHH)KeCTBOM. VI BOT
3AeCb-TO npHTal1AaCb rAaBHaSl 3ar(1AKa «XO)KeHHH».
OpOHHKHyrb B VlHAHlO, OTbICKaTb nyrb B 3ry CKa30qHO
60rarylO CTpaHY 6bIAO MeqTOH eBponeHQeB XV BeKa. MHO-
rHe H3 HHX nOCBHTHAH 3TOH MeqTe BCIO CBOIO )KH3Hb. CpeAH
HHX 6bIAH BeAHKHe MopenAaBaTeAM - reHY33eQ KOAYM6 H
nopryfaAeQ BaCKO Aa raMa.
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KO OAHHM H3 nepBbIX OCYlQeCTBHA 3ry Meqry, HO H n06bIBaA
B VlHAI1H paHbllIe APYfHX eBponeHCKHX nyrellIecTBeHHHKOB
3nOXH PeHeccaHca. EOAee Toro, HMeHHO OH AaA HaH60Aee
npaBAHBoe ee onHcaHHe B CBOHX 3anHCKax. CAyqHAOCb 3.TO
3a qeTBepTb BeKa AO Toro, KaK KapaBeAAbI (a TOqHee, «HaYIli
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faAbQbI H aHrAMqaHe H3 YCT CBOHX MOpHKOB YCAbIllIaAH nep-
Bble AOCTOBepHble CBeAeHHH 06 VlHAHH.
AcpaHacHH HHKHTHH BHHMaTeAbHO H3yqHA )KH3Hb HH-
AYCOB H co6paA QeHHeHIlIHe CBeAeHHSI 06 I1X 06blqaSlX, no-
AHTHKe H ToproBAe. BeAHKa H nOqeTHa 3acAyra 3Toro 3aMe-
qaTeAbHoro TBepcKoro nyrellIecTBeHHHKa nepeA PYCCKOH H
MHpOBOH KYAbrypOH. Ero HMSI BOIliAO B HCTOpHlO HapHAY C
HMeHaMH KPynHeHIlIHx HccAeAoBaTeAeH H nyrellIecTBeHHH-
KOB 3nOXH BeAHKHx reorpacpHqeCKHX OTKpbITI1H.
B cepeAHHe XV BeKe fAaBHbIH conepHHK MOCKBbI B
60pb6e 3a PYCb TBepcKoe KHSI)KeCTBO 6bICTpO TepSlAo CBOlO
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-19-
H.H. HerrOMHHII(J1M
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Ha6erM, OpraHM30BaHHbIe MOCKOBCKMMM BeAMKMMM KHH3bH-
MM. nOCTpa.AaAa OT Ha6erOB M TBepCKaH TOprOBAH. OAHa-
KO, He YAOBAeTBopHHCb CBH3blO HOBropOAa C raH30H, BCH
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rOBbIX rryreH B HeMeTqMHY qepe3 J\MTBY. :vI TBepMqM cYMeAH
TorAa HaAa.A MTb 3TY CBH3b.
«OT'he3>KMMM TOpraMM» 3aHMMaAMCb HaM60Aee rrpeA-
rrpMMMqMBbIe, OTBa>KHbIe M AI0603HaTeAbHbIe rrpeACTaBMTe-
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KpaHM.
no CBMAeTeAbCTBY MTaAbHHCKOro rryreII1eCTBeHHMKa AM-
6poA>K0 KOHTapMHM (? -1499), B MOCKBY 3MMOH C'he3>Ka-
AOCb MHorAa MHO>KeCTBO KyrrU;OB M3 repMaHMM M nOAbII1M
Al\5I 3aKyrrKM MeXOB. Aa M caMMX PYCCKMX KyrrU;OB, oc06eHHO
TBepcKMx, HepeAKo BMAeAH B CMoAeHcKe, BMTe6cKe, Aopo-
r06Y>Ke M ApyrMX ropoAax J\MToBcKoro KHH>KeCTBa.
EOAbII1Me M O>KMBAeHHbIe ToproBbIe CHOII1eHMH 6bIAM C
KpbIMOM. B Kacpe, KOTopaH AO 1475 rOAa HaxoAMAaCb BO BAa-
AeHMM reHY33u;eB, 6bIAO Aa>Ke CrreU;MaAbHOe PyccKoe rrOABO-
pbe. Ka>KAbIH rOA OTrrpaBAHAHCb B KpbIM rrapTMM Kyrru;oB, co-
6MpaHcb qeAOBeK rro CTO ABa.Au;aTb, He CqMTaH rrpMcAyrM. He
rrpepbIBaAaCb TOprOBAH C KpbIMOM M rrOCAe 3aXBaTa KacpbI
TYPKaMM.
Ho 3Ta TOprOBAH BcerAa 6bIAa CBH3aHa C pMCKOM. «no-
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pYCCKMe KyrrU;bI rrOABepraAMCb pa3Horo pOAa rrpMTeCHeHM-
HM. rpaHMu;a J\MTBbI B Te BpeMeHa rrpOCTMpaAMCb AO "4epHo-
ro MOpH, B qaCTHOCTM, AO COBpeMeHHOH OAeCCbI.
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-20-
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M BAOAb MaAOa3MaTCKoro 6epera IIlAM K Eoccpopy. 113 KacpbI
pYCCKMe XOAMAH He TOAbKO B IJ:apbrpa.A. nepeA HMMM 6bIAO
Bce «3aMopbe». OHM rrOcern;aAH Eypcy*, 6bIBillyro OAHMM M3
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OTrrpaBAHIOTCH cYAa B ACTpaxaHb M AaAbille.
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B 1462-1505 rOAax) 6AarorrpMHTHo CKa3bIBaAOCb TO 06CTOH-
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* rOpOA B T)TPeQKoH AHaTOAHl1, B 30 KM OT MpaMopHoro MOpH.
** rOpoAa Ha ceBepe cOBpeMeHHoH TypQI1I1.
-21-
H.H. HerrOMHHII(J1M
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PYCCKMM KyrrQaM, TO TOAbKO aCTpaXaHCKMMM TaTapaMH. 3TO,
BrrpOqeM, He MeII1aAO O>KMBAeHHOH ToprOBAe C ACTpaxaHblO,
KYAa PYCCKMe KyrIQbI e3AMAH rrpeR<Ae Bcero 3a COAblO.
TOprOBaAM C MOCKBOH H HoraHCKMe TaTapbI. B AeTorrHCM
eCTb yxa3aHMe, qTO OAHa>KAbI B MOCKBY C'heXaAOCb AO Tpex
TbICHq ABYXCOT HoraHCKMX KyrIQOB, KOTopbIe rrpMBeAH Ha
rrpOAaJKY COpOK TbICHq AOII1a.AeH.
no BOAre OTrrpaBAHAMCb PYCCKMe KyrIQbI B lIleMaxy (3a-
KaBKa3be) M nepCMIO - 3a II1eAKOM, >KeMqyroM, AoporH-
MH KaMeHbHMH, rrepQeM, II1acppaHOM, MYCKYCOM, KpaCKaMM
M T. A. Ha rrpOAa>KY Be3AH OHM Mexa - «MHrKYIO PyxAHAb»,
BOCK, MeA, KOHeH H APyrMe TOBapbI, a HeCKOAbKO rro3AHee -
rrOAOTHO H MeA, BbICOKO QeHMMbIe Ha BOCTOKe.
11 C lIleMaxoH, M C nepCMeH I1BaH III o6MeHHBaACH rro-
COAbCTBaMM. OH >Ke rrbITaACH HaAClAMTb rrpepBaHHbIe MOHro-
AO-TaTapcKMM HaII1eCTBMeM AHrrAOMaTMqeCKMe M ToproBbIe
OTHOII1eHMH C rpY3MeH.
KaK M3BeCTHO, PyccKMe M3AaBHa rrOMep>KMBaAM CBH3b C
rpY3HeH. 113HcAaB I 6bIA >KeHaT Ha KHH>KHe a6accMHcKOH, a
CbIH AHApeH EoroAlO6cKoro, IOpMH, 6bIA MY>KeM 3HaMeHM-
TOH rpY3HHcKOH QapMQbI TaMapbI, rrpM ABope KOTOpOH >KMA
lIloTa PycTaBeAM, rroCBHTMBII1MH TaMape CBoe reHMaAbHOe
rrpoM3BeAeHMe «BMTH3b B TMrpoBoH II1Kype».
AOBOAbHO O>KMBAeHHbIe ToproBbIe CHOII1eHMH YCTaHoBM-
AHCb M co CpeAHeH A3MeH. KacTMAbcKMH rryreII1eCTBeHHMK
KA.aBMxo BMAeA PYCCKHX KyrrQoB B CaMapKaHAe B HaqaAe
XV BeKa, a 6yxapcKMe KyrrQbI Bce BpeMH BbIe3>KaAM Ha PYCb.
HaqMHaAaCb, HaKOHeQ, rrpaBAa ern;e He peryAHpHaH, ToprOB-
AH C CM6MpblO.
PYCCKMe KyrrQbI CTaAM qaCTbIMM rOCTHMM Ha pbIHKax 3a-
rra.AHOH EBporrbI, KpbIMa H EAM>KHerO BOCTOKa.
B OT'he3>KMH Topr, oco6eHHO 3a rpaHHQY, KyrrQbI peAKO
e3AMAH rrOOAMHOqKe, OHM C06MpaAMCb QeAbIMM rrapTMHMM.
AoporM B CTapOH PYCM 6bIAM TpYAHorrpoXOAMMbI. B Haqa-
Ae XVI BeKa rrpOM30II1eA, HarrpMMep, TparMqeCKMH cAyqaH
C 3eMAHKaMM HMKHTHHa. B03Bparn;aAOCb OAHa>KAbI BOHCKO
TBepcKoro KMH3H M3 rroxOAa B HOBropoAcKYIO 3eMAIO. 11 BOT
HeCKOAbKO rrOAKOB «3a6AYAHII1a B 03epax M 60AOTax M Haqa-
II1a MepeTM rAa.AOM, HAMxa >Ke KOHMHY H KO>KY CO rn;HTOB CO-
AMpalOrn;e HAMXY, a AocrreXM CBOM M opYJKbe rrO>KrOII1a M rrpH-
MAOII1a rreII1H AOMbI CBOH, a MHHM MH03HM M30Mp0II1».
-22-
PYCCKaH MH.D:JilH
=
=
HaceAeHMIO 6blAO He nOA CMAY COAep>KaTb B nopHAKe AO-
porM, THHYBillMeCH Ha TblCHqM BepCT. npaBAa, KOe-qTO Al\5I
YAyqIlleHHH nyrel1 C006rn;eHHH YAaBaAOCb CAeAaTb. BAOAb
Aopor Tyr M TaM pblAM KaHaBbl Al\5I CTOKa BOAbI. Oc06eHHO
rpH3Hble HenpOe3>KHe MeCTa, 60AOTa raTHAH - 3aBaAMBa-
AM XBOpOCTOM, neCKOM, a MHorAa H 6peBHaMM - H CTpOMAH
AepeBHHHble MOCTbl qepe3 peqKM (HO qarn;e MCKaAM 6pOAY).
Ha rAy60KMX M MHorOBOAHblX peKax COOpY>KaAH napOMbI.
KOHeqHO, Bcero 3Toro 6blAO HeAOCTaTOqHO, M npHXOAMAOCb
HClAeHTbCH rAaBHblM 06pa30M Ha AeTHHI1 3HOH, ocyrnaBIIIHH
rpH3b, Aa Ha 3MMHMH MOp03, KpenKO CKOBblBaBIIIHH 60AOTa
M TonM M B03ABMraBrnMH AeMlHble MOCTbl qepe3 peKM. Ho M
3MMOH, M AeTOM AoporH B CTapOH PYCM OAHHaKOBO He MaHM-
AM K nyrernecTBMHM. J\eTOM nyrHMKM >KaAOBaAMCb Ha 06M-
AHe BCHKoro «rHyca» - KOMapa M CAenHeH, OT KOTOpbIX" M
AIOMlM, H >KHBOTHbIM He 6blAO >KMTbH. 3MMOH CHe>KHble Me-
TeAM M CHera 3aCblnaAM «qeAOBeKa no na3YXY» M ry6MAH Qe-
Able 0603bI.
YCAO>KHHAa nyrernecTBHH H peAKOCTb noceAeHMM.
CnAOillb Aa PHAOM HeB03MO>KHO 6blAO pa3A06blTb eAbl, He-
fAe 6blAO HaHTM npMIOT BO BpeMH HenOrOAbI. OceHblO M Bec-
HOH, BO BpeMH nOAOBOAbH, npoe3Aa H BOBce He 6bIAO.
no cyxonyrHblM AoporaM e3AHAM B nOB03Kax, a TaK>Ke
BepXOM, nepeB03H TOBap BO BblOKax. OAOAeTb TO rAaIIIH 10 10
AOPOry AyqIlle Bcero MorAa KpenKo CillMTaH PyccKaH TeAera.
Oc06eHHo YA06HO 6blAO TO, qTO BCH OHa 6blAa AepeBHHHaH.
CAOMaeTCH TaKOH 3KMna>K cpeAM 6e3AIOAHOH AoporM - nyr-
HMK CAe3aeT, BblHeT Tonop, BblPy6MT HOBYIO OCb, qeKY H eAeT
AaAbille.
Pa3'he3>KaTb no PYCM B TO BpeMH MorAH TOAbKO AIOAM
CMAbHble, XOpOillO BoopY>KeHHble H He 60Hrn;MeCH pa360H-
HHqbMX IllaeK.
AOAro ern;e BCTpeqaAMCb Y Hac ypOqHrn;a, C Ha3BaHMHMM
KOTOpblX HapOAHaH naMHTb CBH3aAa npeAaHHH 0 CTapMHHblX
pa360HHMKax - KYAeHpe, BacbKe-Yce. Pa360HHMKH HHorAa
COeAMHHAHCb B 60AbillHe OTpHAbl, qeAOBeK no TpHCTa, C Bbl-
60pHblM aTaMaHOM BO rAaBe. HepeAKO TaKMe OTpHAbl AeAaAM
AoporM M BOBce HenpOe3>KMMM.
Ho H KyneQ-nyreIllecTBeHHMK XV BeKa TO>Ke 6blA He Abl-
KOM IIIMT. "4T06bl OTHHTb Y Hero Kop06a C TOBapaMM, H(lAO
6blAO BblAep>KaTb HernyrOqHbl11 6011. OH AOBKO BA(lAeA M Me-
-23-
H. H. HerrOMHHII(J1J1:
=
=
qOM, M KOrrbeM H 6bIA «CBbIqeH K paTHOMY AeAY», rrO>KaAyM,
He xY>Ke CAY>KMAOrO qeAOBeKa. OAMH KyneQ-cypO>KaHHH, TO
eCTb BeAynJ;MH ToprOBAIO TOHKMMM TKaHHMH, «KpaCHbIM TO-
BapOM», rrpOCAaBAeH HallIeH AeTorrMCblO KaK opraHM3aTOp
OTrropa TaTapaM BO BpeMH OCa.AbI MOCKBbI TOXTaMbIllIeM B
1382 rOAY.
Ho eCAM C opY>KMeM B PYKax KynQbI e e Ha.AeHAMCb OT-
6MTbCH OT pa360HHMKOB, TO OT 6eCqMCAeHHbIX C60p HKOB
rrOAaTeH HMKaKoro M36aBAeHMH He 6bIAO.
CTapylO PYCCKYIO AOPOry rrepeCeKaAH BO MHO>KeCTBe
MeCT rrOCTOHHHbIe 3aCTaBbI, Ha KOTOpbIX C rrpOe3>KMX B3M-
MaAH pa3AMqHbIe C60PbI. 3aCTaBbI paCrrOAaraAHCb Y B'he3Aa
M BbIe3Aa M3 ropOAa, B03Ae KpynHbIX ceAeHMH, B03Ae rrepe-
B030B, M BCIOAY rrpOe3>KalO MH AOA>KeH 6bIA rrAaTMTb. [AaB-
HOH rrOllIAMHOH 6bIA MbIT. B3MMaACH OH C B030B C TOBapaMM
M C CYAOB. ECAM KyneQ XOTeA 06'heXaTb 3aCTaBY, qTo6bI M3-
6e>KaTb rrAaTe>Ka, ero XBaTaAH M 3aCTaBAHAM rrAaTMTb rrpo-
MbIT M 3arrOBeAb, TO eCTb YBeAMqeHHyro rrOllIAMHY C TOBapOB
M llITpacp. KpOMe MbITa, B3bICKMBaAH rOAoB MHY - rro qMC-
AY AIOAeH, COrrpOBO>KAalO MX B03 C TOBapoM MAM ToproBoe
CYAHO; 3a.AHHe KaAaqM - C KyrrQoB, B03Bpa aBllIHxCH AO-
MOH rrOCAe Topra; MOCTOB MHY M rrepeBo3 - rrpM rrepee3Ae
qepe3 peKY MOCTOM MAM rrapoMOM.
E e TeprrMMO 6bIAO, KorAa Bce 3TM rrOllIAMHbI c06Mpa-
AMCb KHH>KeCKMMH AIOAbMH, HO 6eAa, KorAa BAaCTM cAaBa-
AM KaKYIO-HM6YAb rrollIAMHY Ha oTKyrr oKpeCTHbIM 60raqaM.
«TMM oTKyrr MKM, - ropbKO >KaAYIOTCH B OAHOH qeAo6MT-
HOH KynQbI, - Bpa3M 60ry M qeAOBeKoM, CMMIT rro MbITaM M
rro MOCTaM Ha Aoporax, 6epyr C TOBapoB rrpOe3>KYIO rrOllIAM-
HY M MbIT, M MOCTOB HHY He rro YKa3Y, a AMllIHee, BOpOBCKM,
H rrpHAMpalOTCH K rrpOe3>KMM ToprOBbIM M BCHKHX qHHOB AIO-
MIM CBOMM 3AbIM YMbICAOM HarrpaCHO M rrpaBHT Ha Tex AIOMIX
rrpOMbITHbIe AeHbrH M 3a.Aep>KMBaIOT MX, H OT Toro B Toprax
qMHMTCH 6eCTOp>KMQa M y6bITKM BeAMKMe; ToprOBbIe AIOAH
ToprOBbIX rrpOMbICAOB OT6bIAM, M HbIHe MHorMe o6eAHeAM,
Me>K ABOp CKHTaIOTCH».
PYCCKHe. KyrrQbI rrpeArrOqHTaAM MyqHTeAbHOH cyxorryr-
HOM Aopore BOAHYIO. K TOMY >Ke CTOMMOCTb rrepeB03a rro
BOAe BcerAa AellIeBAe, qeM CYXMM rryreM.
PYCCKHe CYAa CTpOMAMCb AerKMMH M rrAOCKOAOHHbIMH,
qT06bI B cAyqae H(lAo6HOCTH MX MO>KHO 6bIAO rrepeTa HTb
-24-
PYCCKaH MH.IJ:J1H
=
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OT OAHOH peKM AO APyrOH. XOAMAH 3TM cYAa M rroA rrapYCOM,
M Ha BeCAaX, M 6eqeBOH. Ha3BaHHH OHM MMeAM CaMbIe pa3-
AMqHbIe (CTpyrM, Aa.AbM, qeAHbI, KOqM M T. A.), HO 06rn;MM Y
HMX BcerAa 6bIAM OqeHb He60AbllIOH Bee M BeCbMa HeXHTpoe
YCTPOHCTBO.
nOcaACKoe HaceAeHMe PYCM Toro BpeMeHM - Kyrreqe-
CTBO M peMeCAeHHMKM - 6bIAO 3aMHTepeCOBaHO B rrpeKpa-
rn;eHMM KHH>KeCKMX YC06HQ, pa30pHBllIMX ropOAa M rrpe-
rrHTCTBOBaBllIMX HOpMaAbHbIM ToprOBbIM CHOllIeHMHM M
pa60Te peMeCAeHHMKOB. nOCa.ACKHe CTpeMMAMCb K AMKBM-
AaQMM rrOAMTMqeCKMX M TaMO>KeHHbIX rpaHMQ Me>KAY KHH-
>KeCTBaMH, TOpM03MBllIMX pa3BMTMe ToprOBAM M CTaBMB-
llIMX MX B 3aBMCMMOCTb OT KHH>KeCKMX pa3AopOB M BOHH.
nperrHTCTBOBaAO pa3BHTMIO ToprOBAM TaK>Ke OTcyrcTBMe
eAMHOH AeHe>KHOH CMCTeMbI, pa3H060H B Mepax M Becax M
rrpoqee. <DeoAaAbHaH pa3AP06AeHHOCTb YBeAHqMBaAa qi1c-
AO TaMO>KeHHbIX M APyrMx C60POB, yrrAaqMBaeMbIX KyrrQOM,
3aCTaBAHAa ero CTPa.AaTb OT pa3AMqHbIX MeCTHbIX 3aKO-
HOB M rrpaBMA, a rropoH pMcKoBaTb M rroTepeH Bcero TOBapa
rrpM BCTpeqe C KaKMM-HM6YAb KHH3eM, KOTOpbIH, BbIMern;aH
06MAY Ha APyroM YAeAbHoM KHH3e - CBoeM Bopore, rpa-
6MA KyrrQa, MMeBllIero HeCqaCTbe rrpO>KMBaTb B HeHaBMCT-
HOM eMY YAeAe.
ECAM paHbllIe, KorAa CMAbI OTAeAbHbIX KHH>KeCTB 6bIAM
60Aee HAM MeHee paBHbI, rOpO>KaHe rrOMep>KHBaAH CBOHX
KHH3eH, TO B XV BeKe aBTopMTeT MeCTHbIX KHH3eH 6bIA rro-
AopBaH, H rOpO>KaHe HaqMHaAH Bce 60Aee THrOTeTb K MO-
CKOBCKOMY BeAMKOMY KHH31O.
MbI 3HaeM, HarrpMMep, qTO TBepCKHe rrOC(lACKHe OTKa-
3aAMCb B 1484 rOAY rrOMep>KHBaTb rrOCAeAHero TBepcKoro
BeAHKoro KHH3H MMxaMAa EOPHCOBHqa (KHH>KMA B 1461-
1485 rOAax) BO BpeMH HacryrrAeHMH HBaHa III Ha TBepb. A;\5I
HMX BeAMKHH KHH3b MOCKOBCKMH Bce 60Aee CTaHOBMACH rAa-
BOlO He coceAHero KHH>KeCTBa, BpOAe PH3aHCKoro MAM 5Ipoc-
AaBCKoro, a HaQHOHaAbHOrO PYCCKoro rOCYAapCTBa, Brrep-
BbIe CMeAO H YBepeHHO, B C03HaHHH CBoero AOCToMHCTBa
BbIXOMIrn;ero Ha MMpOByro rrOAMTMqeCKYIO apeHY.
nOCTerreHHO pacrrpOCTpaHHAaCb rpaMOTHOCTb, «KHM>K-
HbIX» AIOAeH CTaHOBMAOCb 60AbllIe. Ho Bce-TaKM MaCCbI
OCTaBaAHCb HerpaMoTHbIMH. HOBropoAcKHH apxHerrHCKorr
reHH(lAHH, >KaAYHCb Ha TO, qTO MY>KMK rro KHHre «eABa 6pe-
-25-
H.H. HerrOMHHIUJ1M
=
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AeT», npOCMA I1BaHa III, qTo6bI OH BeAeA «yqMAMrn;a YCTPOHTb
M5I 06yqeHMH rpaMoTe M 6orocAoBHIO».
Bce rrMCbMO reHH(lAM5I BbIAep>KaHO B YHbIAbIX TOHax.
YqMAMrn;a, KOTOpbIX AO TaTapcKoro Mra Aa>Ke B TaKOM He-
60AbllIOM ropoAKe, KaK KYPCK, 6bIAO HeCKOAbKO, MCqe3AM
COBceM. KH5I3b51 caMM qaCTeHbKO 6bIAM «He ropa3AbI rpaMO-
Te». AeAO o6yqeHM5I rrepellIAO, rro BbIpa>KeHHIO reHHClAM5I, K
«MY>KMKaM HeBe>KaM», MAM «MaCTepaM», KaK rOPAo OHM TM-
ryAOBaAH caMH ce651. 3TO 6bIAM qaCTHbIe yqMTeAH, KOTopbIe
3a ropllIOK KalliM H rpHBHY AeHer o6yqaAH pe651T rpaMOTe, a
B3pOCAbIX, >KeAaBllIMX MATM B rrorrbI M Ab5lKOHbI, HaTaCKMBa-
AM Ha CA Y>K6bI rrp5lMO C rOAoca, MMHY5I XMTPYIO HaYKY rpaMo-
TbI. Aa M TaKHX MaCTepOB 6bIAO MaAO. «3eMAH, rocrroAMHe,
TaKOBa, He MO>KeM A06bITH KTO 6bI ropa3A rpaMOTe».
ApXHerrMCKorr reHHClAMH 6bIA rrpaB, qTO rro cpaBHeHMIO C
KMeBCKOH PYCblO 06pa30BaHHOCTb rraAa. TaTapCKoe Mro Ha-
HeCAO PYCCKOH KYAbrype 60AbllIOH yrn;ep6 M B 3TOM. Ho rro-
CAe ero CBep>KeHM5I rrpocBern;eHMe rrOCTerreHHO pacrrpocTpa-
H5IeTC5I CHOBa. DpaBAa, OHO rrOqTM QeAMKOM 6bIAO B PYKax
AyxoBeHcTBa. CBeTCKa51 HaYKa He nOAb30BaAaCb ern;e OCO-
6bIM BHMMaHMeM. TeM He MeHee 06pa30BaHHOCTb rrpOHMKAa
M B cpeAY KyrreqeCTBa. B ToprOBOM KPYry, K KOTOPOMY rrpM-
HClAl\e>KaA AcpaHaCHH HHKHTMH, CbIHOBeH yqMAH rpaMOTe M
cqery, oc06eHHO eCAH rrpeArrOAaraAOCb, qTO HM npMAeTC5I
3aHHMaTbC5I OT'be3>KHM ToprOM.
TBepCKOH pbIHOK 6bIA rrOAOH BOCTOqHbIMM TKaH5IMM,
MHAMHCKMM nepQeM, apaBMHCKHM AaAaHOM, caxapOM M3
DepCMM, AparOQeHHbIMM KaMH5IMM M3 I1HAMM M OpMY-
3a. TBepCKHe KyrrQbI e3AMAM 3a BOCTOqHbIMM TOBapaMM B
KpbIM M ACTpaxaHb, B KOHCTaHTHHorrOAb M Ha KaBKa3. Ha
TBepCKMX MOHeTax HaCqMTbIBaAOCb AO 16 3M6AeM C BOC-
TOqHbIMH MOTMBaMH. TaKMe MOHeTbI HY>KHbI 6bIAH KynQaM
AA5I ToproBAM C BOCTOKOM. BOCTOK MaHHA PYCCKMX KyrrQoB
M rryrellIecTBeHHHKoB CBOMM 60raTcTBoM, npHpoAoH M He-
M3BeAaHHOCTblO.
KorAa B. 1466 rOAY TBepcKHe KynQbI Y3HaAH, qTO K MO-
CKOBCKOMY BeAHKoMY KH5I31O I1BaHY III npMexaA M3 3aKaB-
Ka3b51 nOCOA llIHpBaHcKoro BA(lAeTeAH <Dappyx-5Icapa -
AcaH-6er (XacaH-6eK) M qTO I1BaH III OTrrpaBAHeT C OTBeT-
HbIM nOCOAbCTBOM 6bIBllIero TBepcKoro KynQa BaCMAH5I
-26-
PYCCKaH I1H,I(J1H
=
=
TIarrMHa, OHM CHapHAMAM ABa Kopa6AH, qT06bI C rrOCOAb-
CKMM KapaBaHOM AoexaTb AO lIlMpBaHa, 06AaCTM rrpMKa-
crrHHCKoro 3aKaBKa3bH.
TIOCOA rrpMBe3 B MOCKBY AoporMe rrOAapKM. TIpMeXaA OH,
CKopee Bcero, rro ToprOBbIM AeAaM, HO, K CO>KaAeHHIO, AO Hac
He AOlliAO CBeAeHHH, 0 qeM BeAMCb rreperOBOpbI. ¥1BaH III
rrOCAaA B rroAapoK <Dappyx-51capy AeBHHOCTO OXOTHMQbMX
KpeqeTOB, QeHHBllIMXCH TorAa OqeHb BbICOKO, M cHapHAMA B
lIlMpBaH CBoero rrOCAa, TBepMqa BacMAMH TIarrMHa.
TIpM AaAbHHX rryrellIecTBHHx Toro BpeMeHH ToprOBeQ TO
M AeAO rrOABepraACH PMCKY 6bITb orpa6AeHHbIM. TI03TOMY
KyrrQbI CTapaAMCb rrpHcoeAHHMTbCH K KaKOMY-HH6YAb rro-
COAbCTBY, M60 Y rrOCAa oxpaHa 6bIAa H(lAe>KHeH.
CpeAM TBepMqeH, OTrrpaBAHBllIMXCH B AaAeKOe rryrellIe-
CTBHe, OKa3aACH M KyrreQ AcpaHaCMH HMKMTMH. OH YCA aA,
qTO M3 MOCKBbI eAeT rrOCOAbCTBO B lIlMpBaH, Aa ern;e BO rAaBe
C 3eMAHKOM, M BMeCTe C HeCKOAbKMMM TOBapMrn;aMM pellIMA,
rrpMcoeAMHMBllIMCb K rrOCOAbCTBY, exaTb ryAa ToprOBaTb.
AcpaHaCMH HMKMTMH 6bIA, HeCOMHeHHO, BbIAalOrn;H_MCH
qeAOBeKOM CBoero BpeMeHM, qeAOBeKOM BbICOKOH KYAbrypbI
M llIMpOKoro rro TOMY BpeMeHM 06pa30BaHMH. OH OqeHb AIO-
6MA KHHrM M 3aXBaTMA HeCKOAbKO M3 HMX B rryrellIecTBMe. OH
M3yqMA BOCTOqHbIe H3bIKM (rrepCHACKMH, apa6CKMH, TlOpK-
CKMH). Ero AHeBHMK, KOTOpbIH OH BeA Bce llIeCTb AeT CTpaH-
CTBOBaHHH - MCKpeHHMH M rrpaBAMBbIH, - pMcyeT caMoro
aBTopa KaK qeAOBeKa OqeHb rrbITAHBOrO M AI0603HaTeAbHO-
roo OH rroAXOAMA KO BceMY 6e3 rrpeAB3HToro MHeHMH M 6e3
OCY>KAeHMH qY>KMX rropHAKOB M KYAbrypbI. AHeBHMK HarrM-
caH >KMBbIM pa3rOBopHbIM H3bIKOM. OH QeHeH He TOAbKO KaK
HayqHbIH AOKYMeHT, HO M KaK peAKMM rraMHTHMK CBeTCKOH
AMTeparypbI XV BeKa.
CHapHAMAM TBepMqM ABa CYAHa, rroAyqHAM rrpOe3>KYIO
rpaMory CBoero KHH3H MMxaHAa EOPMCOBMqa M rrOCa.AHMKa
EopHca 3aXapOBMqa M AeTOM 1466 rOAa rrorrAbIAM BHH3 rro
BOAre. HMKMTMH He rrHllIeT, KaKMe TOBapbI rrOBe3 OH B lllHp-
BaH, HO, BepHee Bcero, 3TO 6bIAM Mexa, Aoporo CTOHBllIMe
Ha BOCTOKe. TOpryH «MHrKOM PyxAHAblO», KyrrQbI rroAyqa-
1\.M orpOMHbIe rrpM6bIAH, MHorAa B COTHH pa3, a TO M 60AbllIe
rrpeBbIllIaBllIMe rrepBOHaqaAbHYIO CTOMMOCTb TOBapa.
TIpOrrAbIAH KaA5l3HH, YrAMq. B KOCTpOMe B3HAH BeAHKO-
KHH>KeCKYIO rpaMory Ha «OTrrYCK» 3a rpaHHQY.
-27-
H.H. HeIIOMHH J1M
=
=
B HM>KHeM HOBrOpOAe MX nOCTMrAa HeYAaqa. OKa3bI-
BaeTCH, OHM Orr03AaAH, H BaCMAMH DanMH, C KOTOpbIM OHM
AOJUKHbI 6bIAM TaM BCTpeTMTbCH, Y>Ke OTrrAbIA. TBepMqM pe-
IlIMAH TorAa AO>KMAaTbCH rrOCAa IllMpBaH-lliaxa - XacaH-
6eKa M rrAbITb BMeCTe C HMM.
"4epe3 ABe HeAeAH rrpMeXaA XacaH-6eK. C HMM B03Bparn;a-
AHCb llIeCTb 6yxapCKMX KyrIQOB, rrpMe3>KaBIlIMX ToprOBaTb B
MOCKBY, M HeCKOAbKO MOCKOBCKMX KyrIQOB.
3arrAaTMB Bce rrOIlIAHHbI, MaAeHbKMH KapaBaH AeTOM
1466 rOAa ABMHYACH BHM3 no BOATe K MOplO. BoAIY rrpOrrAbIAH
6AarorroAyqHo, HO 6AH3 ACTpaxaHM rrpMKAIOqMAaCb C rryrHM-
KaMM 6eAa. BOllIAM OHM B EY3aHb - PYKaB BOATM, BbITeKalO-
rn;MH B 50 KM BbIllie ACTpaxaHM M Y KpacHoro 5Ipa coeAMHH-
IOrn;MHCH C Axry601O, H 3AeCb BCTpeTMAM Tpex aCTpaxaHcKMx
TaTap. 3TH TaTapbI rrOA BeAHKMM ceKpeTOM C006rn;HAH rryrHM-
KaM, qTO xaH KaCMM rrpOBeAaA 0 rrpoe3Ae «ToprOBbIX rOCTeH»
M CTOpO>KMT MX C TpeMH TbICHqaMM TaTap, qT06bI orpa6MTb.
rOCTM neperryraAHCb. I1crryraAcH M caM XacaH-6eK. OH,
BMAMMO, He 6bIA YBepeH, qTO TaTapbI 3HalOT 0 HenpMKOC-
HOBeHHOCTM nOCAOB, M n03TOMY HaHHA C006rn;MBIlIMX eMY 0
rp03Hrn;eH 6eAe TaTap, qT06bI Te KaK-HM6YAb HOqblO, BTMXO-
MOAKY, rrpOBeAM CYAa OKOAO ACTpaxaHM. AaA MM 3a 3TO rro-
COA rro OAHopHAKe Aa no KYCKY rrOAOTHa.
HOqblO CTaAH np06MpaTbCH OKOAO 3aCa.AbI. HMKMTMH ne-
pellieA CO CBoero CYAHa Ha nOCOAbCKoe. KaK HH OCTOpO>KHO
IlIAH, CKpbITbCH He YAaAOCb: rrpOBOAHMKM OAHOpHAKM M rro-
AOTHO B3HAH, HO TaTapaM nOAaAM BeCTb, H Te CTOpO>KMAM HO-
qblO. Ha HeCqaCTbe, HOqb 6bIAa AYHHaH, M TaTapbI YBMAaAM
CYAa: «KaqbMa (CTOH)!»
KOHeqHO, PYCCKMe He OCTaHOBHAHCb M rrbITaAMCb npOCKO-
qHTb MMMO 3aC(lAbI, HO MeHbllIee CYAHO, Ha KOTOpOM 6bIAM
Bce TOBapbI HMKMTMHa, HaCKOqMAO Ha pbI60AOBHbIe CHaCTH
M BCTaAO.
HaqaAaCb nepeCTpeAKa C nOAOllieAIlIHMH BrrAOTHyIO TaTa-
paMM. Bo BpeMH nepeCTpeAKH y6MAM OAHoro PYCCKoro Kyn-
Qa M ABYX TaTap. PYCCKMe C MaAeHbKOro CYAHa nepe6paAMCb
Ha BTopoe H, rrOKa TaTapbI 3aHHAHCb rpa6e>KOM, rrbITaAMCb
YHTM.
CYAHY rrOCAa YAaAOCb rrpopBaTbCH B Mope, a BTopoe H3
PYCCKMX CYAOB, HaCKOqHBllIee Ha MeAb, AOrHaAM TaTapbI, 3a-
6paAH qeTBepbIx KyrIQOB B nAeH, a OCTaAbHbIX OTnYCTHAH B
-28-
PYCCKaH MH.D:J1H
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Mope «rOAbIMM rOAOBaMM»r TO eCTb orpa6MB AOqMCTa. Koe-
KTO M3 PYCCKMX XOTeA 6bIAO BOpOTMTb(:H Ha3(lA AOMOH r HO Ta-
TapbI MX 3ClAep>KaAH r qT06bI OHM He MOrAH C006rn;MTb 0 Ha-
rrClAeHMM.
Orpa6AeHHbIe r rrOTepHBllIMe B 6010 HeCKOAbKO CBOMX TO-
BapMrn;eH r rryrellIecTBeHHMKM Ha ABYX OCTaBllIMXCH Kopa-
6A51x ABMHYAMCb B Aep6eHT. Pa3bIrpaBllIaHcH 6ypH BbI6po-
CMAa MeHbllIMH Kopa6Ab Ha 6eper r Ha6e>KaAM rOPQbI KaH-
TaKM r 3a6paAH OCTaBllIeeCH A06por a HeYAaqAHBbIX KyrrQoB
YBeAM C C060H. OCTaAOCb TOAbKO rrOCOAbCKoe CYAHO r Ha KO-
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6yxapcKMx M AeCHTb PYCCKMX KyrrQOB rrOCAe Bcex rrpMKAIO-
qeHMH M HecqacTMH rrpMeXaAM B Aep6eHT r rropToBbIH ropoA
lllMpBaHcKoro xaHCTBa.
AcpaHacMH HMKMTMH 6HA qeAOM XacaH-6eKY M MOCKOBCKO-
MY rrocAY BacHllliIO DarrMHYr rrpocH MX rrOMOqb oCB060AHTb
PYCCKMX r 3axBaqeHHbIX KaHTaKaMM. lllHpBaH-lliax rrorrpocHA
KaHTaKcKoro KHH3H B03BpaTHTb IIAeHHbIX r M Te 6hUlli OCB060>K-
AeHbI. Ho lllMpBaH-lliax OTKa3aA AcpaHacMIO HMKMTMHY M ero
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rn;eHMIO y6bITKOB r XOTH M rrpM3HaBaA B rrHCbMe K KaHTaKcKoMY
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KYAbI: Y Koro qTO eCTb Ha PyCH r H TOT rrOllieA Ha PyCb r a KOH AOA-
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MaxM r a HHbIe rroII.IAH pa60TaTb K EaKe». AcpaHacHH HHKMTHH
BbI6paA MHOH rryrb. 3eMAH AaAeKMe M HeBeAOMbIe BAeKJ\H ero.
OH pelliHA rrp06paTbCH B ¥1HAHIO.
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COCTaBAeH C60PHMK pa3HbIX «HayqHbIX» H MCTOpMqeCKHX
CBeAeHMH «J\YU;MAapHYC»r TO eCTb «DpOCBeTMTeAb». OH 6bIA
OqeHb paCrrpOCTpaHeH B EBpOrre M 6bIA rrepeBeAeH Ha PYC-
CKHH H3bIK. 3TOT «DpOCBeTHTeAb» 6bIA HarrOAHeH CaMbIMH
cpaHTaCTHqeCKMMH CBeAeHHHMM. 06 ¥1HAMM TaM 6bIAO CKa-
3aHO r qTO OHa paCrrOAO>KeHa Ha «KpalO» CBeTa r qTO TaM eCTb
peKa raHr r BbITeKalOrn;aH M3 «ropbI KaBKa3cKOH»r M eCTb ropa
«KacrrHHYC r rro HeH 30BeTCH Mope ¥1crraHCKoe...».
HClA BceM 3THM MorAH TOAbKO nOCMeHTbCH PYCCKMe ny-
TellIeCTBeHHHKH r KOTopbIe XOpOlliO 3HaAH M KaBKa3 r M Ka-
cnHHcKoe Mope M He nyraAH ero C «KpaeM» 3eMAM.
-29-
H.H. HenOMHHIIJ:J1J1:
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npH6bIA B AMOAb, OTKYAa HanpaBHACH qepe3 BCIO flepCHIO
Ha lOr, K 6eperaM flepCHACKoro 3aAHBa.
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llIeCTBeHHHK MaAO nHCaA 0 flepCHH, cyxo nepeqHCMIH npOH-
AeHHbIe ropoAa.
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MH KacnHHcKoro MOpH nHCaA H CHrH3MYHA rep6epllITeMH,
npHe3)KaBllIHH B KaqeCTBe nOCAa repMaHcKoro HMnepaTopa
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CKoro rocYAapcTBa.
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MbI)KCKHe 3epHa» 6bIAM B 60AbllIOH u;eHe.
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-30-
PYCCKaH MH.D:J1H
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OpMY3 - MaAeHbKHH 6eCIIAOAHbIH OCTpOBOK flepCHA-
CKoro 3aAHBa B HeCKOAbKHX KHAoMeTpax OT 6epera. EAaro-
AapH cBoeMY reorpacpHqeCKOMY IIOAO)KeHHlO OH AOAroe Bpe-
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3aIIClAa. ClOAa IIpHB03HAHCb HHAHHCKHe TOBapbI, H oTclOAa
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-33-
H.H. HerrOMHHIIJ:J1J1
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H CTpeAaMH».
B APyroM MecTe, OIIHCbIBaH TOAIIY 60rOMOAbu;eB OKOAO
3HaMeHHTbIX xpaMoB IlapBaTbI, HHKHTHH CHOBa C YAHBAe-
HHeM IIHIlIeT: «Bce HarbI, TOAbKO Ha ry3He IIAaT; a )KOHKH Bce
HarbI, TOAbKO Ha ry3He cpOTa». Ho 6bIAH H APyrHe «)KOHKH»,
AIOAeM 3a)KHTOqHbIX: OHH He TOAbKO B «cpOTax», TO eCTb B IIO-
KpbIBaAaX, HO y HHX «Ha IlIHHX )KeMqyr, MHoro HXOHTOB, Aa
Ha pYKax 06pyqH Aa IIepCTbHH 3AaTbI».
HClAO CKa3aTb, qTO 06HAMe Aparou;eHHOCTeH Ha HHAHH-
CKOH )KeHID;HHe He BcerAa rOBopHAO 0 60AbIlIOM 60raTCTBe.
Ka>KAbIM )KHTeAb I1HAHH, 06AClAalOID;HH XOTb KaKHM-HH6YAb
AOCTaTKOM, Ha Bce CBOH cpeACTBa CTapaACH KYIIHTb Aparo-
u;eHHOCTeH CBoeH )KeHe H AOqepHM.
CBoe06pa3HbIH HapHA HHAHHu;eB H3YMMIA He OAHoro
HHKHTHHa, eMY AHBHAHCb Bce IIyreIlIecTBeHHHKH IIpOIlIAO-
roo MapKO IlOAO, rOBopH 0 MaAa6apCKOM II06epe)Kbe, Aa)Ke
HpOHH3HpyeT H IIHIlIeT, qTO «BO BceH IIpOBHHU;HH MaAa-
6ap HeT HH OAHoro IIopTHoro, KOTOpbIH CYMeA 6bI CKpOHTb H
CIlIHTb KacpTaH, TaK KaK Bce XOA5IT rOAbIMH».
He MeHbIlIee YAHBAeHHe BbI3BaA y )KHTeAeH rOAy6orAa-
3bIH, cBeTAoBoAOCbIH HHKHTHH. «5I3 XO)Ky KYAbI, HHO 3a
MHOH AIOAeH MHoro, AHBHTCH 6eAoMY qeAOBeKY».
EAa HHAYCOB He IIOHpaBHAaCb BbIpOCIlIeMY Ha ID;ax, IIH-
porax H Kallie TBepHqy. «A eCTBa )Ke HX IIAoxa», - IIHIlIeT
OH. YeM)Ke 6bIA TaK HeAOBOAeH HHKHTHH? «5IA5IT 6pbIHeU;b,
Aa KHqHPH C MaCAOM, Aa TpaBbI p03HbIH HA5IT, a BapHT C Mac-
AOM Aa C MOAOKOM». EpbIHeu; - 3TO HCKa)KeHHOe CAOBO «6H-
pHHNK» - «pHC». KHqHPH (KXHqpH) - 3TO 6AlOAO H3 pHca C
MaCAOM H IIpHIIpaBaMH.
-34-
PYCCKaH J1H.IJ:J1H
=
=
113 4aYMI AcpaHaCHH HHKHTHH CKOpO ABHHYACH Ha BOC-
TOK, B rAy6b I1HAHHCKOro rrOAYOCTpOBa, rrepeCeK raTCKHe
rOpbI H qepe3 TPH C rrOAOBHHOH HeAeJ\H rrpH6bIA B rrepHOA
AO>KAeH B A?KYHHap. Bo BpeMH CTpaHCTBOBaHHH HHKHTH-
Ha no I1HAHH A?KYHHap BXOAHA B OAHY H3 BOCbMH 06AaCTeH
EaXMaHHHCKoro u;apCTBa.
Ee3AOpO)Kbe 3aCTaBHAO ero np06bITb 3AeCb ABa MeCHu;a
H Ha6AIOAaTb, KaK HHAYCCKHe KpeCTbHHe B03AeAbIBalOT 3eM-
AIO, celOT rrllIeHHU;Y H APyrHe 3AaKH, Ca)KalOT ropox H npH-
fOTOBMIIOT BHHO H3 oco6oro copTa opexOB. A?KYHHap 6bIA
60AbllIHM H XOpOllIO YKperrAeHHbIM ropOAOM. Ero KpenOCTb
6bIAa nOCTpoeHa Ha HerrpHcryrrHoH KaMeHHOH rope. AcpaHa-
CHH 3anHCaA, qTO «XOMIT Ha ropy no OAHOMY qeAOBeKY, AO-
pora TeCHa - rrpOHTH HeAb3H». B ropoAe M5I rryrellIecTBeH-
HHKOB 6bIAH YCTpoeHbI nOABopbH - KapaBaH-capaH, B'-"KO-
TOpbIX MO)KHO 6bIAO rroAyqHTb rrH Y H nOCTeAb. AcpaHaCHH
OCTaHOBHACH B OAHOM H3 HHX. EeAbIH qeAOBeK rrpHBAeKaA
BHHMaHHe AI06onbITHbIX: «A3 XO)KY KYAbI, HHO 3a MHOH AIO-
AeH MHoro, AHBHTCH 6eAOMY qeAOBeKY».
BHAHMO, BAaCTH TO)Ke 3aMeTHAH 6eAoro qY)KeCTpaHu;a.
HaMeCTHHK A?KYHHapa ACaA-xaH YBHAeA )Kepe6u;a, KOTO-
poro npHBe3 HHKHTHH, rrAeHHACH AoporHM KOHeM H OTHHA
ero Y He3aAaqAHBOrO ToprOBu;a.
)Kepe6eu; HHKHTHHa, HeCOMHeHHO, 6bIA OqeHb AOPO-
fHM. «11 513 rpellIHbIH, - nHllIeT rrYTellIeCTBeHHHK, - rrpH-
Be3A )Kepe6bu;a B bIHAeHCKYIO 3eMAIO, AOllieA eCMH AO 410-
HepH 60r AaA n03AopoBY Bce, a CTaA MH CTO Py6AeB». CTO
Py6AeM rro PYCCKHM nOHHTHHM Toro BpeMeHH 6bIAO CYM-
MOH 3HaqHTeAbHoM, npHMepHo cooTBeTcTBYIO eM He-
CKOAbKHM AeCHTKaM TbICHq Py6AeH Ha HallIH cOBpeMeH-
HbIe AeHbrH.
OTHHB )Kepe6u;a, ACaA-XaH Y3HaA, qTO HHKHTHH «He 6ec-
cepMeHH, a PYCCKHM», BbI3BaA ero K ce6e H CKa3aA:
«11 )Kepenu;a AaM Aa TbICHqH 30AOTbIX AaM, a CTaHb B Bepy
HaIlIY, B MaXMeT AeHH; a He CTaHellIb B Bepy HallIY, B Max-
MeT AeHH, H )Keperru;a B03MY, H TbICHQIO 30AOTbIX Ha rAaBe
TBOel1 B03MY».
HHKHTHH, no BceH BepOHTHOCTH, 6bIA OAHHM H3 nepBbIX
XpMCTHaH B AeKaHe, H MYCYAbMaHCKOMY cpaHaTHKY 6bIAO
AeCTHO nepeBeCTH ero B «MaXMeT AeHH» - MarOMeTaHCKYIO
Bepy.
-35-
H.H. HerrOMHHII(J1J1
=
=
"4TO 6bIAO AeAaTb HHKHTHHY? BeAb Ha rrpOAa)Ke )Kepe6u;a
6bIAH rrOCTpOeHbI BCe ero HClAe>KAbI! Bce )Ke OH He rrOCAeAO-
BaA 3a MHorHMH peHeraTaMH-eBporreMu;aMH, rrpOAaBaBllIHMH
3a AeHbrH B AMu;e CBoeH BepbI CBOlO POAHHY. TaK, BeHeU;H-
aHeu; AH KOHTH, KOTOpbIM rr06bIBaA B HHAHH B rrepBOH rro-
AOBHHe XV BeKa, OTKa3aACH OT xpHCTHaHCTBa. AM HHKHTH-
Ha rrepeMeHa BepbI 6bIAa paBHa H3MeHe POAHHe, H OH MY)Ke-
CTBeHHO OTKa3aACH rrepeHTH B MarOMeTaHCTBO.
Bcero qeTbIpe AHH 6bIAO AaHO HHKHTHHY Ha pa3MbIllIAe-
HHH. Ho, Ha ero CqaCTbe, B 3TH qeTbIpe AHH BCTpeTHACH HH-
KHTHHY CTapbIH 3HaKOMeu; X03HHOqH MaXMeT, xopocaHeu;, C
KOTOpbIM OH, BHAHMO, rr03HaKOMHACH e e B IlepcHH.
«X03HMOqH» - CAOBO HCKa)KeHHoe. MO)KHO rrpeArrOAO-
)KHTb, qTO cAeAyeT qHTaTb «X03HHaqH», qTO 3HaqHT «Ka3Ha-
qeM», HAM)Ke 3TO rrpOH3BOAHoe CAOBO OT rrepCHACKoro «XOA-
)Ka» - «rocrrOAHH». «Xo a» rrpHCBaHBaAOCb YBa)KaeMbIM
AIOA5IM, qHHOBHHKaM H T. A.
K X03HHOqH MaxMery H 06paTHACH HHKHTHH co CAe3HOH
)KaA06011: «EHA eCMH qeAOM eMf, qT06bI CH 0 MHe rreqaAOBaA».
CTapbIM APyr He rrOABeA. OH C'be3AHA K xaHY H «OTrrpo-
CHA» HHKHTHHa, qT06bI ero «B Bepy He rrOCTaBHAH». «[0-
crrOAb CMHAOBaACH, He OCTaBH OT MeHH MHAOCTH CBoeH
rpelliHaro H He rrOBeAe rrorbI6HyrH B "4lOHepe C HeqeCTHBbI-
MH», - rrHllIeT 06pClAOBaHHbIH HHKHTHH. Ero He TOAbKO He
rrpHHYAHAM rrepeXOAHTb B MarOMeTaHCTBO, HO Aa)Ke )Kepe6-
u;a BepHYAH.
3arrHCbIBaH CBoe rrpHKAlOqeHHe, HHKHTHH rrOAqepKH-
BaeT, qTO HMeHHO B «KaHYH CrraCOBa AHH rrpHeXaA X03HH-
OqH MaXMeT xopocaHeu;» H AorOBopHACH C ACClA-xaHoM 06
oCB060>KAeHHH HHKHTHHa B caMbIM rrpecToAbHbIH rrpa3A-
HHK TBepCKoro Crraca 3AaToBepxoBa. «TaKoBo rocrrOAape-
BO qlOAO Ha CrracoB AeHb» ,- 3aKAlOqaeT HHKHTHH, )KeAaH
3THM e e pa3 yrroMHHyrb 0 TOM, qTO OH HeH3MeHHO BepeH
POAHHe, H POAHHa HMeHHO B AeHb rrpa3AHHKa rrOMorAa eMY.
AaAbllIe AcpaHaCHH HHKHTHH rraTeTHqeCKH BOCKAHu;a-
eT: «HHO, 6paTbH PYCbCTHH XpHCTHHHe, KTO XOqeT rrOHTH Ha
bIHAel1CKYlO 3eMAlO H TbI OCTaBH Bepy CBOIO Ha PYCH».
XOTb H KOHqHAOCb Bce 3TO rrpHKAlOqeHHe 6AarorroAyqHo
H BrrOCAeACTBHH B HHAHH OH HaxOAHT MHoro HHTepecHbIx
AeA M5I PYCH, TOBapoB, Aa)Ke co06 aeT u;eHbI Ha HHX, HO B
A?KYHHape rrOCAe rrpHKAlOqeHHH C )Kepe6U;OM HHKHTHH rrec-
-36-
PYCCKaH J1H.D:J1H
=
=
CHMHCTHqeCKH 3anHCbIBaeT: «MeHe 3aAraAH [06MaHYAH] 6e-
cepMeHa, a CKa3bIBaAH Bcero MHoro liallIero TOBapy, aHO HeT
HHqerO Ha HallIY 3eMAIO».
AcpaHaCHIO HHKHTHHY 6pOCHAOCb B rAa3a COU;HaAbHOe
HepaBeHCTBO HaceAeHHH B HHAHH. B KOpOTKHX, HO CHAbHbIX
BbIpa)KeHHHX 06pHCOBaA OH npOTHBOpeqHH BAaCTb HMyrn;HX
H 6ecnpaBHH, HHrn;eTbI H 60raTcTBa. «A 3eMMI AIOAHa BeAb-
MH, a ceAbCKHe AIOAH rOAbI BeAbMH, a 60Hpe CHAbHbI A06pe H
nbIllIHbI BeAbMH».
flocAe Toro KaK OKOHqHAHCb AO;KAH H YCTaHoBHAacb xo-
pOllIaH Aopora, AcpaHacHH oTnpaBHAcH B EHAap - CTOAH-
U;Y MycYAbMaHCKOH AHHaCTHH EaxMaHHeB. OT A?KYHHpa AO
EHAapa OKOAO 400 BepcT. «A llIAM eCMH MeCHU;», - 3anHCaA
AcpaHacHH. flo Aopore OH n06bIBaA B KYAoHrepe H B KOAb-
6epre, 6bIBllIeH CTOAMu;e EaxMaHHHcKoro rocYAapcTBa. Ha
3TOM nyrH BCTpeqaAOCb MHoro APyrHx ropoAoB. «flpoMe-
)KIO Tex BeAMKHX rpClAoB, Ha BCHK AeHb no TPH rpClAbI, H HHOH
AeHb H qeTbIpe rpClAbI, KOAMKO KOBOB (KOB paBeH 10 Bep-
CTaM. - ABID.), TOAMKO rpClAoB! »
AcpaHacHH HHKHTHH npHeXaA B EHAap 15 ceHTH6pH
1469 rOAa. EHAap TaK nopa3HA ero cBoeH BeAHqHHOM, qTO OH
npHHHA ero «3a CTOA rYHAycTaHY EecepMeHbCKOMY», TO eCTb
3a CTOAHU;Y BceH HHAHH. 3Aecb B pOCKOllIHOM ABopu;e )KHA
cy A TaH MyxaMMeA III EaxMaHH (npaBHA B 1463-1482 rOAax) ,
KOToporo AcpaHacHM BHAeA BO BpeMH TOp)KeCTBeHHbIx npo-
u;eccHH no ropoAY. CYATaHY TorAa llIeA llIeCTHClAu;aTblM rOA.
nbIllIHbIe u;apCKHe BbIe3AbI 6bIAH HarMIAHOM KapTHHOH HH-
AYCCKHX nopHAKOB. AcpaHaCHH HpKO OnHCaA npa3AHHqHbIH
BbIe3A u;apCTBeHHoro IOHOllIH. CYATaH eXaA Ha KOHe Bnepe-
AH npou;eCCHH. Ha HeM 6bIA KacpTaH, YKpallIeHHbIH HXOHTa-
MH, Ha ero BbICOKOH llIanKe CHHA orpOMHbIH aAMa3, qenpaK
H ceMo KOHH 6bIAM 30AOTbIe. BCClAHHK H AOllIClAb 6AecTeAM
30AOTOM H AparoU;eHHbIMH KaMHHMH. flepeA cYATaHoM HH-
AYc Hec TepeMeu; (30HTHK) - CHMBOA u;apcKoro BeAHqHH. 3a
cYATaHoM CAeAoBaA ero 6paT. Ero HeCAH ABClAu;aTb qeAOBeK
Ha 30AOTOH KpoBaTH. AaAee cAeAOBaAH ABClAu;aTb BH3HpeH
BeAMKHX. YKpallIeHHeM BceH npou;eccHH 6bIAM CAOHbI. Hx
6bIAO TpHcTa. Ha CAOHax 6bIAM YKpenAeHbI KOBaHbIe «ropoA-
KM», B KOTOpbIX cHAeAo no ABeHClAu;aTb qeAOBeK C nyrnKa-
MM H nHIIJ;aA5lMH. Ha Ka;KAOM CAOHe 6b1AO no ABa KpacHBbIx
-37-
H.H. HerrOMHHIIJ:J1J1
=
=
3HaMeHH, H K x060ry 6bIAH rrpHKperrAeHbI TH)KeAbIe )KeAe3-
HbIe rHpH. Ha CAOHe, Me>KAY YllIeH, CHAeA BOHH C )KeAe3HbIM
KplOKOM, KOTOpbIM OH rrpaBHA.
BHAeA HHKHTHH CAOHOB B 06bIqHOM, rrOBCeAHeBHOM BHAe
«B rrOrrOHaX CYKHHHHbIX, Aa rro qeTbIpe qeAOBeKa Ha CAOHe
CeMiT HarbIX, OAHO rrAaTHTe Ha ry3He».
Ha rrpa3AHHK YAy-6aHpaM CAOHbI BbIBOAHAHCb, KaK Ha
6HTBY.
EoeBbIe CAOHbI 6bIAM B «6YAaTHbIX Aocrrexax», B 6pOHe, a
Ha crrHHe Y HHX B03BbIllIaAHCb «ropOAKH» - 6allIeHKH, He-
peAKO OKOBaHHbIe )KeAe30M. B «ropOAKax» CHAeAO OT llIe-
CTH AO ABeHClAu;aTH BoopY)KeHHbIX BOHHOB. K KAbIKaM 6bIAH
rrpHBH3aHbI ABa orpOMHbIX Meqa, a B x060Te CAOH Aep)KaA TH-
)KeAyro )KeAe3HYlO rHplO.
CHapH)KeHHbIH TaKHM 06pa30M CAOH rrpH TorAallIHeM BO-
opY)KeHHH 6bIA M5f. HerrpHHTeMl CTpallIHee, qeM B Hallie Bpe-
MH TaHK. Ilo cTapHHHbIM B033peHHHM, Ka>KAbIH CAOH 3aMe-
HHA rrHTbCOT BCClAHHKOB, a eCAH Ha ero MoryqeH crrHHe CHAeA
em;e AeCHTOK oT60pHbIX BOHHOB, TO H BClO TbICHqy.
B rrpOU;eCCHH CYATaHa yqacTBOBaA OC06bIH CAOH, KOTOpO-
ro HHKHTHH Ha3bIBaeT «6AarHM». 3TOT CAOH llIeA HerrocpeA-
'\ .
. ,
: )
I
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.
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KaMeHHaR cmamYR CAOHa B Pauqype
-38-
PYCCKaH MH.D:J1H
=
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CTBeHHO rrepeA CYATaHOM. HapH)KeHHbIM B rrapqy, 3TOT oco-
60 BblyqeHHbIH CAOH pa3MaXHBaA )KeAe3HOH n;errblO H He rro-
3BOMIA HHKOMY rrpH6AM3HTbCH K CYA!aHY.
«Ee3 CAOHOB B n;apCTBe HeT 6AarOAerrHH», - rOBopHAOCb
B CTapHHHOM HHAHHCKOM CTHXOTBopeHHH. CAOHbI 6bIAH
rAaBHOH BoeHHOH CHAOH HHAHHCKoro BOHCKa.
BepXOM Ha KOHHX eXaAO MHO)KeCTBO n;apCKHX HaAO)KHHn;.
3TOT TOp)KeCTBeHHbIH KOpTe)K COrrpOBO>KAaACH orAYIlIH-
TeAbHbIM IlI)'MOM. rpeMeAM 6apa6aHbI, BbIAM TPy6bI MY3bI-
KaHTOB, KPHqaAH 06e3bHHbI H peBeAM «AlOTble 3BepH», KO-
TOpbIX Tyr )Ke BeAM Ha n;errHX, KpHqaAa MHorOAIOAHaH TOArra,
AlO6HBllIaH CMOTpeTb Bble3AbI CBoero rrOBeAMTeMI. nbIIliHoe
llIeCTBHe ABHraAOCb rro ropoAY H 3aKaHqHBaAOCb Y n;apCKoro
ABOpn;a. AcpaHaCHH HHKHTHH OCMOTpeA 3TOT ABopen; H rrOAH-
BHACH ero KpaCOTe.
B EHAape AcpaHaCHH HHKHTHH C6AH3HACH C HHAycaMH.
OH HayqHAcH rOBopHTb Ha MaxpaTCKOM HapeqHH HHAYCOB.
PeAKHM HHOCTpaHen; B HHAHH Mor 3aBoeBaTb TaKoe 60AbllIOe
AOBepHe ry3eMn;eB. AcpaHaCHH 3Toro AOCTHr CBoeH rrpOCTo-
TOM H 06xOAHTeAbHOCTblO. OH Y3HaA, qTO BAaCTb B HHAHH
rrpHHClMe)KHT MOHroAaM-3aBOeBaTeMIM, KOTopble 06pa30-
BaAH HeCKOAbKO caMOCTOHTeAbHbIX rOCYAapCTB H rrOAqHHH-
AM ce6e rrOqTH Bce HHAYCCKHe rrAeMeHa. OH YBHAeA HCTHH-
Hoe rrOAO)KeHHe HapOAa B HHAHH, COqeTaHHe CKa30qHOM PO-
CKOIliH n;apeH H BeAbMO)K C KpaHHeM 6eAHOCTblO HaceAeHHH,
CTpClAaBllIero OT BbICOKHX HaAOrOB. OCHOBHaH TH)KeCTb MHO-
rOqHCAeHHbIX rrOBHHHOCTeM AO)KHAaCb Ha ceAbCKoe HaceAe-
HHe. B ropOAax )KHAO MHoro peMeCAeHHHKOB H ToprOBn;eB.
TOprOBMI 6bIAa CHAbHO pa3BHTa. Ha MHorOAIOAHbIe HpMap-
KH C'be3)KaAHCb HHAHMCKHe H qY)Ke3eMHble Kyrrn;bI.
5IpMapKH H ToprOBble n;eHTpbI oc06eHHO HHTepeCOBaAH
AcpaHaCHH. OH rr06bIBaA B caMbIX KpyrrHblx ToprOBbIX ropo-
Aax H Ha caMbIX 60AbllIHX HpMapKax.
AcpaHaCHH HHKHTHH BHHMaTeAbHO Ha6AIOAaA peAMrH03-
Hble 06PHAbI HHAYCOB H 3arrHCaA, qTO OHH «HH xpHCTHaHe,
HH 6ecepMeHH, a MOMITCH KaMeHHbIM 60ABaHaM, a XpHCTa
He 3HalOT». Bep B HHAHH, rro ero MHeHHlO, 84. AcpaHacHlO
npHIlIAOcb MHoro 6eceAoBaTb C ry3eMn;aMH 06 HX peAHrMH.
GARH H3 ero APY3eH MycYAbMaHHH MeAMK rrpeMaraA eMY
nepe:HTH B MycYAbMaHCTBo H CTaTb MOHrOAbCKMM caHOBHH-
KOM B HHAHM. Ho AcpaHacMM OTKa3aACH.
-39-
H.H. HerrOMH.H:rn::WM
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HrpalOllI,Ue o6e3bRHbl. HHguiicKUii PUCYHOK XVI B.
HI1KI1TI1HY YAaAOCb BI1AeTb B EI1Aape 3MeH rl1raHTCKoro
pa3Mepa: «B EI1Aepl1 >Ke 3MI111 XOAHT no YAI1IJ;aM, a MI1Ha e51
ABe Ca>KeHI1».
Y CAbIXaA HI1KI1TI1H MHoro I1HTepecHbIx paccKa30B 11 npo
06e3b5lH: «A 06e3b5lHbI-TO Te >KI1Byrb no Aecy, Aa Y HI1X eCTb
KH5I3b 06e3b5lHbCKbIH, Aa XOAI1Tb paTI1IO CBoeIO, Aa KTO I1X 3a-
I1MaeTb 11 OHI1 C5I >KaAYIOTb KH5I3IO cBoeMY, 11 OH nOCbIAaeT Ha
Toro CBOIO paTb, a OHI1 npl111IeA Ha rpClA 11 ABOpbI pa3BOJ\5lIOTb
11 AIOAeH no6bIOTb. A paTI1 I1X, CKa3bIBaIOTb, BeAMI1 MHoro, 11
513bIKbI I1X eCTb CBOI1, a AeTeM pOAHTb MHoro; Aa KOTOpOM po-
AI1TC5I He B OTIJ;a, He B MaTepb, I1HI1 Tex MeqIOTb no AoporaM;
I1HbI rOCAYCTaHIJ;11 Tex I1MaIOTb Aa yqaTb I1X BC5IKOMY PYKOAe-
AbIO, a I1HbIX npoAaIOTb HOQI1, QTo6bI B3ClA He 3HaAH no6e>Ka-
TI1, a I1HbIX yqaT 6a3bI MI1KaHeT» (npaBI1AbHo: «6a3A MI1KY-
HeA» - «l1rpaTb 11 nJ\5lCaTb»).
-40-
PYCCKa.H MH,[(J1.H
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I1TaK, AereHAa rAaCI1T, qTO Y 06e3b5lH eCTb CBOH 513bIK,
CBOH «06e3b5lHCKI1H» u;apb. )KaAyroTC5I 06e3b5lHbI CBOeMY
u;apIO Ha 0611AbI, u;apb nOCbIAaeT Ha b611Aql1KOB CBOIO paTb,
KOTOpOH «BeAMI1 MHoro».
«KH5I3b 06e3b5lHCKI1H» - 3TO I1HAHHCKI1H 60r XaH)'MaH,
OAI1H 113 repoeB «PaMaHHbI», AeHCTByro I1H B 06pa3e o6e3b5l-
HbI. Y I1HAYCOB 06e3b5lHbI 113AaBHa Cql1TaAMCb CB5I eHHbIMI1
>KHBOTHbIMI1. B EeHapece eCTb xpaM, nOCB5I eHHbIH 06e3b5l-
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HbIH pl1C 11 APyrl1e AaKOMCTBa, AO KOTOpbIX OXOQI1 06e3b5lHbI.
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-45-
H.H. HerrOMH.HIll:I1M
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ropOAa Ha3bIBaeTC5I H BC5I npHAeraIOrn;a51 06AaCTb. B 3TOH-
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-46-
PYCCKa.H MHJJ:J.1.H
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llIl1e, caMbIe 60AbllIHe - 3TO TOAbKO TaMollIHHH 6paK». YBe-
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47-
H.H. HerrOMH.HID:I1M
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TeIIIeCTBeHHI1KOM 116H EaTTyrOH, KOTOpbIH noceTHA ropoA
B XIV BeKe. ToproBoe 3HaqeHI1e KaAMKyra 6bIAO He MeHb-
IIII1M, qeM OpMY3a. CIOAa npl1XOAHAM cYAa 11113 3cp110nHI1, 11
C 6eperOB 3an(lAHoH ACPPI1KI1, 113 KI1Ta5l, C 14eHAoHa, C 6epe-
rOB KpaCHoro MOp5l. BB0311AM B KaAl1Kyr cepe6po, 30AOTO,
KO)KI1, 60eBbIx KOHeH, a BbIB0311AI1 pa3Horo pOAa np5lHOCTI1,
KI1TaHCKI1H cpapcpop, Aparou;eHHoe AepeBo 11 T. n. 116H EaT-
Tyra Cql1TaA KaAMKyr OAHI1M 113 KPynHeHIIII1X nopTOB Ml1pa.
flpl1IIIeA B BOCXI1 eHl1e OT KaAMKyra 11 HI1KI1TI1H: «A Ke-
AeKOT )Ke eCTb npl1CTaHH e I1HAeHcKoro MOp51 Bcero». Ho
6oraTa51 MOpCKa51 TOprOBJ\5I ropoAa npl1BAeKAa B oKpecTHbIe
MOp51 MHoro nl1paToB. BI1AI1MO, 6AI13 ropoAa CT05lAMI1X cYAa,
11 6eAa 6bIAa CYAHY, OTKAOHHBIIIeMYC5I OT 06bIqHOH Aoporl1:
ero 3aXBaTbIBaAH MOpCKl1e pa360HHI1KI111 rpa6l1AM. 06 3TOM
11 nl1IIIeT HI1KI1TI1H, rOBOp5l, QTO «npoHTH ero He AaH 60r HI1-
KaKoMY KOCT5IKY [CYAHY], a KTO ero He YBI1AI1Tb, TOT n03AO-
POBY He npoeAeTb MopeM».
J\I0603HaTeAbHbIH Kyneu; HI1KI1THH Tpe3BO nepeQI1CJ\5I-
eT TOAbKO TO, qTO MO)KHO npOAaBaTb 11 nOKynaTb. flo ero Ha-
6AIOAeHI151M, pOAI1TC5I B KaAHKyre nepeu;, HH611pb, MycKaT,
KOpl1u;a, rB03AI1Ka 11 APyrl1e np5lHOCTI1. OTMeQaeT OH 11 TO,
QTO B KaAl1Kyre 60AbIIIoe ql1CAO pa60ToprOBu;eB, KOTopbIe
TOpryIOT qepHbIMI1 pa6aMI111 pa6bIH5IMI1.
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-48-
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cYAH no U;Bery (<<qepBOHHbIH, KpaCHbIH»), - 3TO py611HbI
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nOAMpOBKI1 Aparou;eHHbIx KaMHeM.
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B Aecax lIla6aHTa MHoro AI1KI1X KOllieK 11 06e3b5IH. I1x TaK
MHoro, QTO AIOAI1 He pellIaIOTC5I e3AI1Tb no AoporaM HOQbIO.
Pa3BOAHT TaM MYCKYCHbIX OAeHeM Ka6apry. Y caMU;OB Ka6ap-
rl1 Ha 6pIOxe HaxoAI1TC5I MeIliKOBI1AHa5I )KeAe3a (<<nynOK», no
-49-
H.H. HenOMHHIIJ:J1J1
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6bIM HapOAOM. «lIla6aHTeHe He )KHAOBe, HH 6ecepMeHa, HH
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cepMeHbI HH nHIOTb, HH 51A5ITb, a M5ICa HHKaKoro He 51A5ITb».
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-50-
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-51-
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rryrellIecTBMe rro MOpID 3aKOHqMAOCb. TIpeAcToHA He MeHee
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llIaH. OTClOAa OH CBepHYA Ha CYATaHMID M OCTaHOBHACH B
CTaHe Y3YH-XacaHa, rAe llIAa BOMHa. AeCHTb AHeM BbIHY)K-
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rrMCaA, qTO oTcIDAa «rryrM HeT». HaKOHeIJ;, OH pellIMAcH Ha OT-
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6eperaM "4epHoro MOpH B Tparre3YHA. TypeIJ;KMe BAaCTM B
Tparre3YHAe rrpMHHAH ero 3a Aa3yrQHKa Y3YH-XacaHa. OHM
3a6paMf Bce ero MMyrn;ecTBo, MCKaMf ceKpeTHbIX rpaMOT M,
rrOAb3YHCb cAyqaeM, orpa6MAM ero. EMY 6bIAH B03Bparn;eHbI
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rrMA MeCTO Ha Kopa6Ae AO KacpbI (KpbIM) M ern;e 3aHHA OAMH
30AOTOM Ha rrpO)KHTMe. EypH MeTaAa Kopa6Ab rro MOpID Ae-
CHTb AHeM M 3aCTaBMAa CHOBa BepHyrbcH B Tparre3YHA. ABa
pa3a Kopa6Ab BbIXOAMA B 6ypHoe Mope, rrpe>KAe qeM, HaKO-
HeIJ;, eMY YAaAOCb Ao6paTbCH AO EaAaKAaBbI. H3 EaAaKAaBbI
AcpaHaCMM rrpMeXaA B Kacpy. B Kacpe OH Mor C rAy60KMM qYB-
CTBOM YAOBAeTBopeHMH M p(lAOCTM CKa3aTb: «TIpeMAox )Ke
TpM MOpH: rrepBoe Mope XBaAbIHCKOe, BTopoe Mope HHAMH-:-
CKoe, TpeTbe Mope Y:epHoe». Terrepb OCTaBaAOCb CYXMM rry-
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XOpOllIO 6bIAa H3BeCTHa PYCCKMM KyrrIJ;aM. KyrrIJ;bI CMOAeH-
CKMe, TBepCKMe M HOBropOACKMe rrpeArrOqMTaMf M3 KpbIMa
exaTb rro AHerrpy. EbIA M APyroH, 60Aee rrpHMOH rryrb rro AH-
KOMY rrOAID Qepe3 BA(lAeHMH 30AOTOM OPAbI. Ho B 3ry oceHb
1472 rOAa xaH AxMaT rrOllIeA Ha PYCb, rro CAOBaM AeTorrMCM,
«co BceM CMAOID 0PAbIHCKOlO» M 6MACH rrOA AAeKcMHbIM Ha
OKe C PYCCKMMM KHH3bHMM. HATM BTOpbIM rryreM 6bIAO orrac-
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TM AO pOAHOH TBepM. HeAaAeKO OT CMOAeHCKa OH YMep.
MOCKOBCKMM AeTOrrMceIJ; 3arrMCaA rrOA 1475 rOAOM: «Toro
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-52-
PYCCKaH MHJJ:J1H
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MOp5l» B AeTOIIMCHbIH TeKCT Hap5lAY C APyrMMM Ba)KHeMIlIM-
MM MCTOpMqeCKMMM IIaM5ITHMKaMH. TaK AHeBHMK AcpaHa M5I
HMKMTMHa IIOilaA B OcpMIJ;MaAbHyro AeToIIMcHyro MCTOpMIO
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BKAIOqaMI B APyrMe AeTOIIMCM.
TIpOIliAO HeCKOAbKO AeT IIOCAe IIyrellIeCTBM5I AcpaH cH5I
HMKHTHHa, H e e HeBeAOMa51 B ero rOAbI HHAM5I CTaAa ape-
HOH AeMcTBMH eBpoileMcKMx KOAoHH3aTopoB. B 1487 rOAY Ha
p03bICKM IIyrM B HHAHIO M3 TIOpryraMIM oTilpaBMAHCb TIe-
APO Ae KaBMAb5lH M .AA.bcpOHCO Ae TIaHBa. KaBMAb5lH Ao6paA-
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CKMM IIyreM BAOAb acppMKaHcKoro 6epera. B 1497 rOAY M3
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3KCIIeAMIJ;M5I BacKo Aa raMbI.
HM5I M 3aIIHCKM AcpaHacM5I HMKMTHHa 6bIAH 3a6bITbI. MHoro
II03)Ke H.M. KapaM3MH CHOBa OTKpbIA MX M5I Ha)TKM M OIJ;eHHA
no AOCTOMHCTBY: «AoceAe reorpacpbI He 3HaAH, qTO qeCTb OARO-
ro M3 ApeBHeMIlIMX, OIIMcaHHbIX eBpOileMCKMX rryrellIecTBHM B
V1HAMlO IIpMH(lMe)KHT POCCMM HoaHHOBoro. BeKa». B «HCTO-
pMM rOCYAapCTBa POCCMMCKoro» KapaM3MH IIMCaA 0 «XO)Ke-
HMM 3a TpM MOp5l». «TIo KpaMHeH Mepe OHO AOKa3bIBaeT, qTO
POCCM5I B XV BeKe MMeAa CBOMX TaBepHbe M WapAeHeM (cppaH-
QY3CKMe rryrellIecTBeHHMKM XVII BeKa. - ABm.), MeHee IIpO-
cBe eHHbIx, HO paBHo CMeAbIX M IIpeAIIPMMMqMBbIX, qTO MH-
AM:HIJ;bI CAbIllIaAH 0 HeM IIpeJKAe, He)Kellli 0 TIOPTYTaAHM, [OA-
· I1MeeTcH B BI1AY rrpaBAeHl1e BeAI1KOrO KHH3H I1BaHa III (1462-
1505) .
-53-
H. H. HerrOMHHIIJ:J1J1
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CKM AcpaHacM5I HMKMTMHa B VI TOMe nOAHoro c06paHH5I PYC-
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CB5I eHHOM HHAMM XV BeKa.
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CKa3bI 06 HHAMH. B CBoeM AHeBHMKe OH He MHorOCAOBeH,
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naTpMOTM3M, C03HaHMe eAMHCTBa PYCCKOM 3eMAM, C03HaHMe
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T. CpeAM qY)Koro HapOAa OH He ypOHMA AOCTOMHCTBa PYC-
CKoro, 6bIA npMH5IT KaK paBHbIM, 6bIA nOCB5I eH B 06bIqaM
M peAMrMlO TY3eMn;eB. He TOBapbI M 60raTcTBo npMBe3 OH C
C060H Ha POAMHY, a cAaBY qeAOBeKa, cOBepllIMBllIero OAHO
M3 caMbIX 3aMeqaTeAbHbIX nyreIIlecTBMM CBoero BeKa. Ero
AHeBHMK IIlMpOKO McnoAb3yeTC5I B eBponeMcKoM HayqHoM
AHTeparype M n;eHMTC5I, KaK OAMH M3 AyqllIMX MCTOqHMKOB no
MCTOpMM HHAMM XV BeKa. «3anMCKM A. HMKMTMHa, - nMCaA
aK(lAeMMK Cpe3HeBcKMM, - naM5ITHMK B CBoeM pOAe M AJ\5I
CBoero BpeMeHM B TaKoM )Ke Mepe eAMHcTBeHHbIM M Ba)K-
HbIM, KaK M "CAOBO 0 nOAKY HropeBe"».
(no MamepUQAaM: AAeKceu 3AbZrOCmeB, http: / / nplit.ru
Eu6AuomeKa lOHoro uccAegoBameA5l; M. BumaweBcKaR.
CmpaHcmBuR AcjJaHacuR HUKumuHa. M., 1972.)
· HbIHe AepIIT - 3CTOHCKI1H ropOA TapTY.
-54-
PYCCKaH J1HJJ:Ji1H
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BMECTO KOMMEHT APJ15I.
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MbI TOAbKO qTO II03HaKOMMAMCb C YCT05lBllIellC5I, YKope-
HMBllIellC5I B HallieM C03HaHMM Tp(lAHU;MOHHOll BepcMell IIY-
TellIeCTBM5I TBepCKoro KYIIu;a B AaAeKYIO I1HAMIO. HM Y Koro
AOArHe rOAbI He BbI3bIBaAM COMHeHM5I MHOrOqMCAeHHbIe He-
CTbIKOBKM B onMCaHM5IX HMKMTMHa. OTKYAa AoporOll KOHb,
eC1\.M Kynu;a Orpa6M1\.M? KaK OH M3yqMA CTOAbKO CAO)l{HbIX
BOCTOqHbIX 513bIKOB H 3a TaKoe KopOTKoe BpeM5I?. nOqeMY
HanpaBMAC5I np5lMMKOM B aAMa30HOCHbIe pallOHbI? Bonpo-
COB MHoro.
POCCMHCKMH MCCAeAoBaTeAb AM. AeMMH AaBHO Y)I{e 3a-
AaAC5I u;e1\.bIO B3rMlHyrb Ha B05l)l{ HMKMTMHa APyrMMM rAa3a-
MM. A(lAMM eMY CAOBO.
B HaqaAe XIX BeKa Halli
BeAMKMll IIMcaTeAb M MCTO-
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3anMCM B ApeBAexpaHH-
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6bIA nOpa)l{eH: «AoceAe
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B TO BpeM5I KaK BaCKO Aa
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H3BeCTHO BceMY MMPY. «XO;KAeHMe 3a TPM MOp5l» - AOKY-
MeHT BO MHorOM 3anyraHHbIll, CTpaHHbIll, nOAHbIll 3ar(lAOK.
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H.H. HenOMHHIIJ:J1J1:
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AcpaHaCM5I. «AcpOHaCb51 MMKMTMHa CbIHa». B APyroM cnMCKe
«XO>KAeHM5I» rOBOpMTC5I: «...Toro )Ke rOAY o6peTox HanMca-
HMe OcpoHaca TBepMTMHa Kynu;a, qTO 6bIA B VIHAee qeTbIpe
rOAa». VI B TpeTbeM cnMCKe On5lTb - «Ta)Ke AeTa HeKTO MMe-
HeM OcpOHaceH MMKMTHH CbIH TBepMTMH XOAHA B bIHAeIO
M TOH TBepMTMH AcpOHaceH nMCaA nyrb X0>KAeHM5I CBOerO».
TBepMq AcpaHaCMll HMKMTMq, Kyneu; M3 TBepM, - BOT TOAb-
KO qTO MbI M 3HaeM 0 HeM.
rOA 1466-ll. «B Te)Ke AeTa HeKTO MMeHeM AcpOHaCHH HH-
KMTMH CbIH TBepMTMH XOAMA 3a MOpe», - CKa)KeT AeTonMCb.
VI Tyr cpa3Y )Ke B03HMKaeT 3ar(lAKa - a no CBoeH AH BOAe,
no CBOHM AH AeAaM OTnpaBMAC5I B HeBeAoMbIe 3eMAH TBepMq
AcpaHaCMH?
Ao HallIMX AHeH coxpaHHAMCb ABepM TBepCKoro xpaMa
XV BeKa, KOTopbIe OTBOp5lA caM AcpaHaCMll HMKMTHq, qT06bI
«B CB5ITOM Cnace 3AaTOBepXOM» nOMOAHTbC5I 0 6AaronOAY-
qMM B nyrM. Ho TOAbKO AH MOAHTbC5I npMXOAMA B xpaM Acpa-
HaCMH?
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CTHlO, OT BeAHKOrO KH5I351 MMxaMAa EOPMCOBMqa M OT BAa-
AbIKM VIHH(lAM5I TBepCKoro M OT EopMca 3aXapbHqa Ha HM3,
BOArOIO», - OTMeTMA B CBOMX AHCTKaX AcpaHaCMll. TaK BOT
OT Koro «noAyqaeT MMAOCTb», «oxpaHHYIO rpaMory», Acpa-
HaCMH HMKMTHq - OT caMoro BeAMKoro KH5I351 TBepCKoro,
KOTOpbIll BeAeT TaHHyro BOllHY 3a npeCTOA C BeAHKMM KH5I-
3eM MOCKOBCKMM M rOCYAapeM BCe51 PYCM VIBaHoM III. VI OT
BA(lAbIKM reHH(lAM5I, enMCKona TBepcKoro. VI nOMoraeT Acpa-
HaCMlO B AeAax ero «cMAbHellllIMll M KpenqallllIMll M3 BoeBOA
EOpMC 3aXapbMq».
B ApyrOM cnMCKe «XOJKAeHH5I» eCTb TaKHe CAOBa: «B35IA Ha-
nyrcTBMe HepyrnMMoe M OTIIAbIA BHM3 no BOMe C TOBapaMM».
VI eCTeCTBeHHO B03HMKaeT caMbIll Ba)KHbIll Bonpoc, ca-
Ma51 rAaBHa51 3ar(lAKa cTpaHCTBM5I - qTO)Ke 3a «HanyrcTBMe
HepyrnMMoe» BeAeT ero B TPYAHbIll M onacHbIll nyrb? KaKa51
TaHHa cKpbIBaeTC5I B «XO>KAeHMM 3a TPM MOp5l»? CMO)KeM
AM MbI cnYCT5I n5lTb C AMllIHMM BeKOB pa3r(lAaTb ee?
Y:TO )Ke npOMCXOAMT C TBepCKMM KapaBaHOM? «TIoexa-
AM MMMO ACTpaxaHM, a MeC5IU; CBeTMT. TaTapbI KPMqaAM HaM:
uHe 6erMTe!" CYAHO Hallie MaAOe OCTaHOBMAOCb... OHM B351-
AM ero M TOTqaC pa3rpa6MAM; a M05l... nOKAa)Ka 6bIAa Ha Ma-
-56-
PYCCKaH MH.D:J1H
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AOM CYAHe. EOAbllIMM )Ke CYAHOM MbI AOIliAM AO MOp51 H BCTa-
AM B YCTbe BOArM... 3AeCb OHM CYAHO Hallie 60AbllIoe oTo6pa-
AM, a Hac OTnYCTMAH orpa6AeHHbIMM». ,
Y:TO)Ke pellialOT orpa6AeHHbIe KynU;bI? «3anAaKaB, pa30-
IlIAMCb, KTO KYAa... A 51 nOllieA B Aep6eHT, a M3 Aep6eHTa B
EaKY, a M3 EaKY nOllieA 3a Mope».
3a Mope?! OAMH? Orpa6AeHHbIl1 AO HMTKM?! Y:TO AeAaTb
3a MopeM Kynu;y, KOTOPOMY HeqeM ToproBaTb?! He BepHYB-
IlIHeC5I AM Ha PYCb KynU;bI npMHecAM BeCTb, qTO OAMH M3 HMX,
Kyneu; AcpaHacMM, TBepMq, YllieA 3a Mope? He 3TO AM oco-
6eHHo BCTpeBO)KMAO rocYAapeBY cAY)K6y, Ab5lKa BacMAM5I
MaMbIpeBa?
BecHoH 1468 rOAa npMllIeA AcpaHacMM HMKMTMq B 3eMAM
XopocaHa, B nepcMIO. BeAMKMM llIeAKOBbIM nyrb Ae)KaA ne-
peA HMM. ApeBHeMllIa51 Aopora B VIHAMIO M KMTaM.
Y:TO )Ke OTMeTMT AcpaHacMM B CBOMX AMcTKax? «VI3 Pe51
norneA B KarnaHY M Tyr 6bIA MeC5IU;. A M3 KalliaHa K HaHMHY,
nOTOM K He3AY M Tyr )KMA MeC5IU;».
KpacMBbI M 60raTbI ropoAa XopocaHa. Bce 3AeCb eCTb -
nepcMAcKMe rnaAH M MHAMHcKMe llIeAKa, Aoporoe 0pY)KMe,
YKpallIeHHoe KaMeHb5lMH, M 30AOTO, M cepe6po. Co Bcero
CBeTa C'be3)KalOTC5I KynU;bI npoAaBaTb M nOKynaTb. A Kyneu;
AcpaHacHH? «A M3 He3Aa nOllieA K CMpAX<aHY, a M3 CMp-
AX<aHa K TapYMY, rAe cpMHMKaMM KOpM5IT AOMallIHMH CKOT...»
VI Bce! Y:TO )Ke 3a Kyneu; TaKoM, KOToporo TOBapbI He HHTe-
peCYIOT? E e u;eAbIM rOA cTpaHcTBMM no 60raTbIM ToproBbIM
ropoAaM - M Bcero TpM CTPOqKM B AMCTKax. Hy, qTO Topro-
BaTb HeqeM - 3TO nOH5ITHO, orpa6AeH Kyneu; B HaqaAe nyrM.
Ho qTO TorAa OH AeAaA B TIepcMH u;eAbIX ABa rOAa? MO)KeT
6bITb, 6p0A51 ABa rOAa M3 ropOAa B ropOA, MCKaA AcpaHaCMM
3HaKOMbIX BOCTOqHbIX KynU;OB? VI HaKoHeu;, HarneA MX? BeAb
6YAeT Tenepb MATM no 6eAY cBery He PYCCKMH Kyneu; AcpaHa-
CMH HMKMTMq, a XOAX<a lOcycp XopocaHM - Kyneu; M3 Xo-
pocaHa! B AMCTKax ero HeT HMKaKMX CBeAeHMM 0 XopocaHe
M 0 TOM, qTO OH CTaA XOAX<OM lOCYCPOM - TOAbKO nepeqMC-
AeHM5I ropoAoB, rAe OH n06bIBaA.
«VI npMBe3 51, rpellIHbIH, )Kepe6u;a B VIHAMMCKYlO 3eMAlO;
AorneA >Ke AO A>KYHMpa 6AaroAap51 Eora 3AOPOBbIM, - CTO-
MAM MHe 3TO CTO Py6AeM». OTKYAa B351AC5I Y orpa6AeHHoro
AO HMTKM AcpaHacH5I )Kepe6eu;, CTOMBIlIMM Ha BocToKe 6e-
meHbIX AeHer? OTKYAa 30AOTO Ha Bce nepee3AbI, >KMAbe,
-57-
H.H. HerrOMHHIIJ:J1M
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rOA», rrOKa He rrpOAaA B EMAape. <DyryH - 30AOTaH MOHeTa, a
68 cpyryHOB - u;eAoe COCTOHHMe M5I CTpaHHMKa. COBeprneH-
HO HCHO - «OAapMAH» ero xopocaHCKMe KyrrU;bI, KOTopbIe
u;eHMAH «MMAOCTb» TBepCKoro KHH3H. H TO, qTO CAyqMAOCb
C HMM B HHAMM, B ropOAe A/KYHMpe, rrpOM30rnAO 6AarOAapH
MX 3acryrrHMqeCTBY. «XaH B3HA y MeHH )Kepe6u;a, - rrMrneT
AcpaHaCMM, - HO rrpHeXaA xopocaHeU; XOA>Ka MyxaMMeA, M
51 6HA eMY qeAOM, qT06bI rrorrpocMA 060 MHe. H OH e3AMA K
xaHY M )Kepe6u;a Moero y Hero B3HA».
TOAbKO «B CTpaHe HHAeHCKOM» HaqMHaIOTCH orrHcaHHH.
OH y u;eAH. HAH, rrOKa CKaJKeM TaK, 6AH30K K u;eAH. H 3AeCb
MbI rrOAXOAMM K rAaBHOH 3arClAKe: C KaKOH u;eAbIO rrOCAaH
TBepbIO B HHAMIO AcpaHaCHH HMKMTMq? ..
HCCAeAOBaTeAH «XO>KAeHMH 3a TpM MOPH» OTMeqaIOT rro-
pa3MTeAbHyro TOqHOCTb c06MpaeMbIX CBeAeHHM M «BbIAalO-
HeCH KaqeCTBa AcpaHaCMH HHKMTMHa KaK Ha6AIOAaTeMl».
BOT HHAHH, YBMAeHHaH cTpaHHMKoM AcpaHaCMeM: «Y HMX
rrarnyr H ceIOT rrrneHMU;y, pMC, ropox H Bce C'beCTHoe. BMHo
)Ke y HHX rrpMrOTOBMlIOT B 60AbrnHx opexax KOKOCOBOH
rraAbMbI. KOHeM KOpMHT ropoxoM. B HHAeMCKOM 3eMAe KOHM
He pOA51TCH; 3AeCb pOA51TCH BOAbI M 6YMBOAbI. Ha HMX e3A51T M
TOBap - MHorAa B03HT - Bce AeAaIOT...»
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6ycypMaHe: OHM rOBOpMAH rrpo MHO)KeCTBO TOBapOB, HO OKa-
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TOM HHAMM? ECTb 3Aecb M TKaHM, CTOAb u;eHMMble Ha PYCH,
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CBeTe pOAHTCH, B OpMY3e eCTb. BOT «KaM6aM - rrpMcTaHb
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U;BeT MYCKaT, U;MHaMOH, KopMu;a, rB03AMKa, rrpHHoe Kope-
Hbe. H Bce B HeM AerneBO...» TaK B qeM )Ke AeAO? Bce Ae-
rneBO, Bce peAKOCTb, AMKOBMHa Ha PYCM - Aa He 3TOT AM
TOBap - KAaA M5I Kyrru;a?! A OH Bce TBepAMT - 06MaHYAM
rrcbI-6acypMaHe.. .
-58-
PYCCKaH J1HJJ:J1H
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BepHyrbC5I AcpaHaCMM B TBepb. VIAR He npMBe3TM nOKa
3TOT OC06bIM TOBap, a Bce BbIBeAaTb npo Hero, Y3HaTb Bce
nyrM K HeMY, Bce CKopeHIlIMe cnoc06bI AOCTaBKM, Bce no-
IlIARHbI. Bce AOAO)KMTb KH5I3IO 0...
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nOCAe n5lTM AeT T5I)KeAeHllIero «XO)I(AeHM5I», OTnpaBMleTC5I
AcpaHacMM HMKMTMq BCAeA 3a BOMCKOM MHAHHCKHM B KH5I-
)KeCTBO BMWKa5lHarap, KOTopoe BeAeT BOHHY npoTMB MY-
cYAbMaH.
«VI ropoA BMWKa5lHarap Ha rope BeCbMa BeAMK, OKOAO
Hero TPH pBa, Aa CKB03b Hero peKa TeqeT, no OAHY CTOpO-
HY ropOAa WKYHrAR HenpOXOAMMbIe, a no APYrylO )Ke CTO-
POHY npOIlIAa AOARHa, qYAHbIe MeCTa, BeCbMa npHrOAHbIe Ha
Bce...»
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CTe, rAe BeqHO npe6bIBaeT 60rMH5I CqaCTb51 J\aKIlIMM. TIbIIlI-
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6YMHOM TpOnMqeCKOM paCTMTeAbHOCTbIO. B nOABaAaX ABOp-
u;a - paCCKa3bIBaAM nyrellIecTBeHHMKM - xpaHMAOCb 30AO-
TO B CAMTKax M Aparou;eHHbIe KaMHH B MelliKax. ap5lM BMA-
)Ka5lHarapa npHHClMe)KaAa 60AbllIa51 qaCTb nOAYOCTpOBa, OT
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MOM cepAu;e VIHAMM, HenOAaAeKY OT BMWKa5lHarapa, B HeAo-
crynHbIx ropax HaxoAMAMCb aAMa3HbIe KonM TaMHcTBeHHoM
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BeAeT AcpaHacM5I B ry 3eMAIO, rAe pOA51TC5I aAMa3bI. BOT oHa,
3Ta 3anMCb B AMCTKax AcpaHaCM5I: «VI nOllieA 51 B KOMAKOHAY,
rAe 6a3ap BeCbMa 60AbIlIOM». «[OA», qTO Ha 513bIKe YPAY 3Ha-
qMT «KPyrAbIM», «KOHA» - «XOAM». KpyrAbIM XOAM - rOA-
KOHAa - cToAMu;a Moryqero KH5I)KeCTBa rOAKoHAa. 3eMAM ee
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MeHHOR rope; H npOAalOT TY KaMeHHYIO ropy, eCAH aAMa3
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CHH. Aa, TaM 6YAeT y Hero nOMepJKKa. Ho Tenepb! Tenepb
OH onacaeTCH 3a CBOIO JKH3Hb. C HHM TaHHbIe CBeAeHHH, KO-
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npeKpacHo 3HaeT Bce AoporH, KOTopbIe BeAyr Ha PYCb. Ho
OH Tenepb H 3HaeT, qTO TBOpHTCH Ha 3THX Aoporax. «Ha Xo-
pacaH nyrH HeT, H Ha YaraTaH nyrH HeT, H Ha EaxpeHH nyrH
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ne3YHAa Ha IOJKHOM n06epeJKbe YepHoro MOpH.
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He AOllieA YMep. A nHcaHHe TO CBoelO PYKOIO HanHCaA, HJKe
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AbHKY BeAMKoro KHH3H B MOCKBY», - 3anHcaHO B 1475 rOAY.
11 BOT T)'T B03HHKalOT HOBbIe 3ar(lAKH.
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TblO? MOJKeT 6bITb, BMeCTe C 3anHc aMH AcpaHacHH 6bIJ\.
nepeAaH B rocYAapcTBeHHYIO Ka3HY H «HHAHHCKHH TO-
Bap»? MOJKeT 6bITb, coxpaHHAHcb 3anHCH 0 nocrynAeHHH B
1472-M HAH 1473 rOAY B Ka3HY MOCKBbI AparoQeHHbIx KaM-
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MeH «Xo eHHH 3a TPH MOpH». H nHllIeT HHOK <DoMa: «Co
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ee HeCMeTHbIX 60raTCTBax. Aa, 6bIAH AapbI...
A qTO JKe CTaAOCb C nOCAaBIlIHM AcpaHacHH B AaAeKHH nyrb
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HEOEXO MMOEBCTYrrflEHME
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AocTHrHyrb rpaHHQ HHAHH.
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(A.3) 1696-ro rOAa. KonHH C nepeBOAa.
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Bo UMR 60)J(ue BceMUAocmuBeulllaro. CAaBa rocnogy E"dry
U 3gpaBue HapogaM U 3aKOHa npaBoBepHblM.
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3TOH cTpaHoH.
H3BecTHo cTpeMAeHHe neTpa I HaHTH npHMbIe nyrH B
HHAHIO H YCTaHoBHTb AHnAOMaTHqeCKHe OTHOllIeHHH C Be-
-67-
H.H. HerrOMHHIUJ1M
=
=
AMKHM MoroAoM. 06 3TOM, B qaCTHOCTH, cBHAeTeAbcTByroT
CHapH>KeHHe cneQHaAbHbIX 3KcneAHQHH H cOAep>KaHHe HH-
CTPYKQHH rAaBe OAHOH H3 HHX KHH310 AAeKcaHAPY EeKOBH-
qy, nOAnHcaHHoH QapeM 14 HHBapH 1716 rOAa (0 HeH paccKa3
BnepeAH).
Bce 3TH nOnbITKH OKOHqHAMCb HeYAaqeH, HO pOCCHHCKOe
npaBHTeAbCTBO npOAOA)l{aAO HanpaBA5ITb YCHAMH Ha pa3BH-
THe ToprOBAM C HHAHeH.
OTcyrcTBHe 06rn;HX rpaHHQ H 3HaqHTeAbHaH reorpacpH-
qeCKaH OTAaAeHHOCTb HHAHH OT POCCHH 3aTpYAHHAM YCTa-
HOBAeHHe npOqHbIX nOAHTHqeCKHX H 3KOHOMHqeCKHX KOH-
TaKTOB Me>KAY 060HMH rOCYAapCTBaMH. OCHOBHbIe nyrH H3
POCCHH B HHAHIO npOAeraAH qepe3 3eMAM nepCHH H cpeAHe-
a3HaTCKHX xaHCTB, npaBHTeAbCTBa KOTOpbIX He 6bIAH 3aHH-
TepeCOBaHbI B COAeHCTBHH PYCCKOH ToprOBAe. YCTaHOBAe-
HHIO >Ke HenocpeACTBeHHoro ToprOBoro KOHTaKTa C HHAH-
eH MOpCKHM nyreM npenHTCTBOBaAH APyrHe eBponeHCKHe
Aep>KaBbI, B nepByro OQepeAb AHrAMH. EOpHCb C <DpaHQHeH
3a rocnOACTBO B HHAHH, AHrAHH, eCTeCTBeHHO, Bpa>KAe6HO
BCTpeTHAa 6bI nOHBAeHHe B HHAHH TaKoro onaCHoro KOHKY-
peHTa, KaK POCCHH.
<DaKTHQeCKH nOTpe6HOCTb POCCHH B HHAHHCKHX TOBa-
pax YAOBAeTBopHAaCb B nepBOH nOAOBHHe XVIII BeKa rAaB-
HbIM 06pa30M 3a CQeT AeHTeAbHOCTH npeAnpHHMQHBbIX HH-
AHHCKHX KynQoB, KOTopbIe, KaK H B XVII BeKe, Aep>KaAH B
CBOHX PYKax ToproBAIO POCCHH C HHAHeH, a B 3HaqHTeAbHOH
CTeneHH TaK>Ke H C nepcHeH H qaCTHqHO co CpeAHeH A3H-
eH. OAHaKo C cepeAHHbI XVIII BeKa HaMeTHAOCb 3HaqHTeAb-
Hoe COKparn;eHHe ToprOBAH HHAHHCKHX KynQOB, BbI3BaHHoe
060CTpeHHeM BHyrpHnoAHTHqeCKOH 06CTaHOBKH B HHAHH,
pacnClAOM MorOAbCKOH HMnepHH, HaqaBIlIHMCH 3aBoeBaHH-
eM 3TOH CTpaHbI AHrAHeH H nOCTOHHHbIMH MHTe>KaMH H BOH-
HaMH B nepCHH H coceAHHX C HeH CTpaHax.
B XVIII BeKe POCCHH BbIpocAa B CHAbHYIO MHPOBYIO Aep-
>KaBY, cTpeMHBIlIYIOCH AorHaTb B X03HHcTBeHHoM, BoeHHOM
H KYAbTypHOM pa3BHTHH nepeAoBbIe rocYAapcTBa EBpOnbI.
HHAHH B 3TO BpeMH nepe>KHBaAa nepHoA 3KOHOMI1QeCKO-
ro ynClAKa, KpYllIeHHH BoeHHoH H nOAHTHqeCKOH MOrn;H.
KpynHeHllIee rocYAapcTBo HHAHH - HMnepHH BeAHKHx
MoroAoB - nOCAe cMepTH AypaHr3e6a CTaAa apeHoH O>Ke-
CTOqeHHOH AI1HaCTHQeCKOH 60pb6bI Me>KAY MHOrOQHCAeH-
-68-
PYCCKaH J.1H.D:J1H
=
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HbIMH npeTeHAeHTaMI1 Ha npeCTOA 11 BAaCTb naAI111IaXa B
AeAH.
DOAoJKeHl1e HHAHH KpaMHe OCAOJKHHAOCb CenapaTHCT-
CKHMI1 CTpeMAeHHHMH npaBHTeAeM 11 HaMeCTHHKOB OKpaI1H-
HbIX 06AaCTeH r KOTOpbIe HaqaAH 60pb6y C u;eHTpaAbHOH BAa-
CTblO 3a OTAeAeHHe OT HMnepHH H C03AaHHe He3aBHCI1MbIX
rOCYAapCTB.
Me oyc06HbIe BOMHbI H OTn(lAeHl1e OKpaHHHbIX 06Aa-
CTeH oCAa6HAH HMnepHIO BeAHKHX MOrOAOB. HHAI1H CTaAa
3aMaHqHBOH A06bIqeH M5I npaBHTeAeH COCeAHI1X rOCYAapCTB
(HallIeCTBHH H(lAHp-llIaXa nepCHACKOrO B 1738-1739 rOAax
11 AxMeA-llIaxa A6AaAI1 B 1748-1767 rOAax).
DOAHTl1qecKoH H BoeHHoH cAa60cTblO HHAHH BocnOAb-
30BaAHCb B 3aXBaTHHqeCKHX u;eAHX eBponeHcKHe AepJKa-
BbI - AHrAHH H <DpaHU;HH r H3AaBHa HMeBIliHe Ha llHAHH-
CKOH 3eMAe KpynHbIe ToproBbIe cpaKTopHH. KOHKypeHTHaH
ToproBaH r a 3aTeM H BoeHHaH 60pb6a Me y aHrAI1HCKOH H
cppaHU;Y3cKOM OCT- HHACKHMH KOMnaHHHMH 3aBepllIHAacb K
1761 rOAY n06eAoH aHrAl1qaH.
COKpyrnHB OCHOBHoro conepHHKa H HcnoAb3YH npoTH-
BOpeqHH Me y HHAHHCKHMH rocYAapcTBaMH r AHrAI1H npH-
crynHAa K yrBep eHI1IO CBoero rocnoAcTBa B HHAHH. Dpe-
oAoAeBaH COnpOTI1BAeHl1e I1HAHMcKoro HapoAa r aHrAHMcKaH
OCT-HHAcKaH KOMnaHHH 3aXBaTHAa EeHraAHlO r K KOHU;Y
XVIII BeKa 3aBOeBaAa rocnoAcTBYIOIIJ;He n03HU;HH H B IOJK-
HOH HHAHHr B OCTaAbHbIX JKe qaCTHX cTpaHbI MHorHe paHee
nOAY3aBI1CHMbIe rocYAapcTBa H KHHJKeCTBa K TOMY BpeMeHH
YJKe HaxOAHAHCb B BaccaAbHoH 3aBI1CHMOCTH OT KOMnaHHH.
DOAoJKeHHe r CAOJKHBllIeeCH B HHAI1I1 B KOHu;e XVIII BeKa r
npl1BeAO K 3aMeTHoMY cOKparn;eHHIO AHnAOMaTI1QeCKHX H
ToproBbIx cBH3eM I1HAI1MCKHX rocYAapcTB H KHHJKeCTB C co-
CeAHI1MH cTpaHaMI1. TeM caMbIM CTaAO TpYAHee H I1HAHH-
CKI1M Kynu;aM nOMepJKI1BaTb ToproBbIe CBH311 C PoccHeH.
ToproBaH 3KcneAHU;I1H Kynu;a CeMeHa MaAeHbKOro B HH-
AHIO (1695-1699) OTKpbIBaAa r Ka3aAOCb r M5I POCCI1H IlIHpO-
KHe B03MOJKHOCTH B AeAe YCTaHoBAeHHH npHMbIx H nOCTO-
HHHbIX 3KOHQMHqeCKHX CBH3eM C MoroAbcKoM I1Mnepl1eM.
B 3TOM 6bIAH 3al1HTepeCoBaHbI npaBHTeAbcTBo DeTpa I, KY-
neqeCTBO 11 AeAOBbIe KpyrH PyccKoro ABOpHHcTBa. Bce OHH
I1CXOAHAI1 H3 B3rAHAa Ha BHelliHlO1O ToproBAIO KaK Ha BaJK-
HbIM HCTOQHHK YKpenAeHI1H 3KOHOMHQeCKOM 6a3bI 11 nOAH-
-69-
H.H. HerrOMHHII(J1J1:
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nemp I. rpaBlOpa XIX B.
THqeCKOrO Moryrn;ecTBa cpeOAaAbHO-KperrOCTHHqeCKOrO ro-
cYAapcTBa. B ToproBbIx CBH3HX C HHAHeH OHH BHAeAH OAHH
H3 KpyrrHbIX HCTOqHHKOB AoxoAa Ka3HbI H KyrreqeCTBa. B Ae-
Ka6pe 1 714 rOAa, 6eceAYH C raHHoBepcKHM pe3HAeHToM B
neTep6ypre <DPHAPHxOM-XpHcTHaHoM Be6epoM, neTp I ro-
BOpHA 0 60AbllIHX BbIrOAax AJ\5I. POCCHH OT ToproBAH C HH-
AHeH, YKa3bIBaH Ha ACTpaxaHb KaK Ha oTrrpaBHoH rrYHKT AJ\5I.
ToproBbIx rroe3AOK B nepcHIO H HHAHIO.
TorAa )Ke OH rrpeAITHCaA PYCCKOMY rrocAaHHHKY B Hccpaxa-
He A.n. BOAbIHCKOMY c06paTb CBeAeHHH 0 ToprOBbIX rryrHX B
HHAHIO H3 nepcHH, 06 HHAHHCKO-rrepcMAcKoH ToproBAe, 06
accopTHMeHTe PYCCKHX TOBapoB, rroTpe6HbIx AMI HHAHHCKO-
ro pbIHKa. n03ARee, B ARH nepcMAcKoro rroxOAa, HaxOAHCb
B ACTpaxaHH, neTp I AOAI'O 6eceAoBM Ha 3ry TeMY co cTapeH-
IlIHHOH I1HAHHCKOH ToproBoH KOMrraHHH Kynn;oM AH6y- PaMoM.
B 1714 rOAY OH H3yqaA rrpoeKT ABOpHHHHa <D.C. CaATbIKOBa,
rrpeMaraBllIero HCrrOAb30BaTb AMI cHollIeHHH C HHAHeH H KH-
-70-
PYCCKaH MH.IJ:J1H
=
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TaeM CeBepHbIH MOpCKOH rryrb. /V3a rOAa CrryCTH CeHaT pac-
CMOTpeA 3arrHCKY ABYX KynQOB 06 HCrrOAb30BaHHH CHCTeMbI
cYAOXOAHbIX peK EBporreHcKoH POCCHH H CH6HpH AMI Topro-
BbIX rroe3AOK B 5IrroHHIO H HHAHIO. Ho neTp I pellIHA HCrrOAb-
30BaTb cTapbIe ToproBbIe rryrH B HHAHIO qepe3 3eMAM cpeA-
Hea3HaTCKHX xaHCTB If nepcHlO, oTrrpaBHB ryAa B 1716 rOAY
rropyqHKa A.H. KO)KHHa (B COCTaBe 3KCrreAHQHH A. EeKOBHqa-
YepKaccKoro), a rr03AHee - MJP3Y A. TeBKeAeBa.
HeYAaqHbIH HCXOA 3TH X HaqHHaHHH He OCTaHOBHA neT-
pa I. OTrrpaBMIH B 1718 rOAY rrOCOAbCTBO ceKpeTapH OpH-
eHTaAbHOH 3KcrreAHQHH nOCOAbCKOH KaHQeMIpHH <DAOpHIO
EeHeBeHH B EyxapcKoe xaHCTBO, OH 06H3aA ero c06HpaTb
cBeAeHHH 0 coceAHHx C EyxapoH rocYAapcTBax, HMeH B BHAY
rrpeJKAe Bcero HHAHIO, H 0 ToproBbIx CBH3HX MeJKAY HHMH.
n03AHee Y neTpa I B03HHKAa HAeH MOpCKOH 3KcneAH-
QHH B HHAHIO. 5 AeKa6pH 1723 rOAa OH rrpeArrHCaA BHQe-
ClAMHpaAY AaHHHAY BHAbCTepy oTrrpaBHTbcH Ha cpperaTax
«AMcTepAaM-raAeH» H «Ae KpOHAeAHBAe» K OCTPOBY Ma-
AaracKap, a 0TTYAa - B HHAHIO C rpaMoToH K rrClAHllIirxy 06
YCTaHoBAeHHH rrOCTOHHHbIX ToproBbIx cBH3eH MeJKAY rocy-
AapcTBaMH. K BeAHKoMY HeYAoBOAbCTBHIO neTpa I, cppera-
TbI BHAbCTepa H3-3a 60AbllIHX rrOBpeJKAeHHH He CMorAH BbI-
CryrrHTb H3 raBaHH.
H rrOCAe neTpa I PyccKoe rrpaBHTeAbcTBo HeoAHoKpaTHo
B03Bpam;aAOCb K Borrpocy 0 PYCCKO- HHAHHCKHX CBH3HX. B ce-
peAHHe 1730-x rOAOB, rrOCAe OCHOBaHHH OpeH6ypra, CHOBa
B0306HOBHACH HHTepec K YCTaHoBAeHHIO cBH3eH C HHAHeH
KapaBaHHbIM rryreM qepe3 3eMAH CpeAHeH A3HH. rOpHqHM
rr060pHHKOM 3TOH HAeH BbIcryrrHA HaqaAbHHK OpeH6ypr-
CKOH 3KcrreAHQHH H.K. KlfPHAOB, BHecllIHH Ha paccMoTpe-
HHe rrpaBHTeAbCTBa ABa rrOAP06HbIX rrpoeKTa (B 1734-M H
1735 rOAax), KOTopbIe 6bIAH yrBep>KAeHbI HMeHHbIMH YKa3a-
MH HMrrepaTpHQbI AHHbI HoaHHOBHbI.
n03AHee HAeH KHpHAoBa pa3BHBaA ero rrpeeMHHK Ha rro-
cry opeH6yprcKoro ry6epHaTopa H.H. HerrAlOeB, KOTOpbIH
B coaBTopcTBe C A.H. TeBKeAeBbIM H rrpH yqacTHH H3BeCT-
Horo PyccKoro eHoro n.H. PbIqKOBa pa3pa60TaA rrpoeKT
yqpeJKAeHHH B OpeH6ypre KOMrraHHH rro ToproBAe C xaH-
CTBaMH CpeAHeH A3HH H C I1HAHeH, HcrrOAb30BaB orrbIT rro-
CbIAKH He60AbllIHX KapaBaHoB C TOBapaMH «B BOCTOqHbIe
Kpa5l» - B EaAX, EClAaxllIaH H Ka6YA.
-71-
H.H. HerrOMHHII(J1M
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B HHBape 1751 rOAa rrpoeKT 6bIA rrpeAcTaBAeH rrpaBHTeAb-
CTBY H B MapTe Toro )Ke rOAa yrBep>KAeH CeHaToM. Ho rrpaK-
THqeCKaH peaAH3aIJ;HH rrpoeKTa HaToAKHYAacb Ha PHA OCAO)K-
HeHHH, rrocKoAbKY PyccKHe YKJ\.OHHAHCb OT BAO)KeHHH Kpyrr-
HbIX KarrHTaAOB B Heo6bIqHOe H pHcKoBaHHoe rrpeArrplf5lTHe.
B cpeBpaAe 1753 rOAa HerrAlOeB o6paTHAc5I 3a rrOMep)KKOH
B rAaBHbIH MarHcTpaT, rrpH3bIBaH ero rrpHBAeqb B ToproByro
KOMrraHHIO COCTOHTeAbHbIX Kyrrn;oB H3 ropoAoB EBporreH-
CKOH POCCHH. rAaBHbIH MarHcTpaT OKa3aA Heo6xoAHMoe co-
AeHcTBlfe HerrAlOeBY, HO KyrreqeCTBO 06'bHBHAO, qTO OHO «3a
AaAbHOCTbIO pacCTOHHH5I Tex B BOCTOqHbIe KpaH KyrreqeCTB
KOMrraHHHMH rrpOH3BOAHTb He )KeAaIOT».
He06xOAHMOCTb YCTaHOBAeHHH rrpHMbIX ToprOBbIX CBH-
3eH C I1HAHeH HeOAHOKpaTHO rrpH3HaBaAaCb PYKOBOMIrn;If-
MH AeHTeA51MH POCCHHCKOH HMrrepHH. OpaBHTeAbCTBO HM-
rrepaTopa OeTpa III, AeKJ\.apHpYH OqepeAHbIe 3ClAaqH cTpaHbI
B pa3BHTHH «3eMAeAeAbCTBa If KOMMepn;HH», YKa3bIBaAO B
MaHHcpecTe OT 28 MapTa 1762 rOAa Ha ToproBAIO C BOCTOKOM
H, B qaCTHOCTH, C I1HAHeH KaK Ha OAHH H3 rryreH YKperrAeHHH
3KOHOMHKH POCCHH H rrOA'beMa 6AarococToHHHH ee HapoAa.
OocAeAOBaTeAbHOH rrpOAOJ\)l{aTeAbHHn;eH AeAa OeTpa I o6'b-
HBHAa ce6H EKaTepHHa II, )KeAaBllIaH, rro ee CAOBaM, BHAeTb
POCCHIO rroCpeAHHIJ;eH B ToproBAe eBporreHcKHx cTpaH C I1H-
AHeH If KHTaeM. «HarrpaBHTb ToproBAIO KHTaH If OCT-I1HAHH
qepe3 TypKecTaH - 3TO 3HaqHAO 6bI B03BbICHTb 3ry HMrre-
pHIO Ha CTerreHb Moryrn;ecTBa BbIllie Bcex OCTaAbHbIX HMrre-
PHH A3HH H EBpOrrbI», - OTMeTHAa OHa B CBOlfX 3arrHCKax.
B 1763-1764 rOAax rrpaBHTeAbcTBo EKaTepHHbI II pac-
cMaTpHBaAo H OA06pHAO rrpeAcTaBAeHHe 0 pacllIHpeHHH
ToproBblx cBH3eH C I1HAHeH qepe3 CH6Hpb. B 3TH )Ke rOAbI
0.11. PblqKOB rrpeAAO)KHA YCTaHOBHTb KapaBaHHYIO ToprOB-
AIO C I1HAHeH qepe3 CpeAHlO1O A3HIO, a M.B. J\OMOHOCOB
B cTyrrHA C rrpoeKTOM HcrrOAb30BaHHH CeBepHoro MOp-
CKoro rryrH M5I ToprOBbIX CHOllIeHHM C KHTaeM, I1HAHeH If
AMepHKOH.
B 1763 rOAY MMHpaATeHCTBo oTrrpaBHAo B AHrAHIO Pyc-
CKHX MOpCKHX ocpHIJ;epOB M5I rrpOxO>KAeHH5I MopexoAHoM
rrpaKTHKH Ha Kopa6A51x OCT-I1HACKOM KOMrraHHH. B HH-
CTPYKIJ;HH, BpyqeHHoM OcpHn;epaM B J\oHAoHe PYCCKHM rro-
CAOM rpacpoM C.P. BOpOHn;OBbIM, YKa3bIBaAOCb Ha He06xo-
AHMOCTb H3yqeHH5I rrpHpoAHbIX oc06eHHocTeM I1HAHH, CO-
-72-
PYCCKa.H I1HJJ:J1.H
=
=
M.B. AOMOHOCOB. nopmpem HeU3BeCmHOrO XygO)l(HUKa
CTORHHR ee rrpOMbIllIAeHHOCTM, 3eMAeAeAM5I M TOprOBAH. Bce
3TM CBeAeHMR He06xOAMMbI 6bIAM fV\5I HaAa)KMBaHMR PYC-
CKOH TOprOBAM B I1HAMM.
B 1792 rOAY aCTpaxaHcKMH BI1u;e-ry6epHaTop fl. CKa-
pRTMH rrOAaA rrpaBI1TeAbcTBY rrpoeKT yqpe;KAeHM5I KOMrra-
HMM rro ToproBAe C TypKMeHCKMMI1 rrAeMeHaMM, AcpraHMcTa-
HOM M I1HAMeH. rAaBHYIO 6a3Y KOMrraHMM IIpeAIIOAaraAOCb
YCTaHoBMTb Ha 6epery ACTpa6(lAcKoro 3aAMBa, Ha TeppM-
TOpI1M, apeHAoBaHHoH Y flepcl1l1. AaAbHeHllIl1M pa3BMTI1-
eM 3Toro rrAaHa 5IBMACR AOKAaA reHepaA-rrpoKypopa CeHaTa
fl.X. 060AbRHMHoBa flaBAY I.
TaKMM 06pa30M, pyccKoe IIpaBMTeAbcTBo, oTAeAbHbIe ro-
cYAapcTBeHHbIe AeRTeAM 11 yqeHbIe HeoAHoKpaTHo CTaBI1AM
M IIbITaAMCb pa3pellIMTb BorrpocbI, CB5I3aHHbIe C YCTaHOBAe-
-73-
H.H. HerrOMHHII(J1M
=
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HHeM rrpHMbIX AeAOBbIX CBH3eH H AHrrAOMaTHqeCKHX OTHO-
llIeHMH C I1HAHeH. OAHaKO pa3Hble rrpHqHHbI BHellIHenOAH-
THqeCKOrO, reOrpacpHqeCKOrO H 3KOHOMHqeCKOrO XapaKTe-
pa BOCnperrHTCTBOBaAH OCyrn;ecTBAeHHIO 3TMX rrAaHOB.
I1HTepecHO, qTO TaMO)KeHHaH rrOMITHKa pYCCKOrO npa-
BHTeAbCTBa no OTHOllIeHHIO K BOCTOqHbIM H, B qaCTHOCTM, K
MHAHHCKHM KyrrQaM BcerAa HOCMAa rrOOrn;pMTeAbHbIH xapaK-
Tep, KopeHHbIM 06pa30M OTAHqaHCb OT CHCTeMbI TaMO>KeHHO-
ro 06AO)KeHHH 3an(lAHoeBponeHCKHX TOBapOB, nocrynaBllIHx
B POCCMIO. Ha 3an(lAHOH rpaHHQe POCCHH AeHCTBOBaAH TaMO-
>KeHHbIe TapHcpbI, rro KOTOpbIM eBporreHCKHe TOBapbI o6Aara-
AHCb 60AbllIOH, no cyrn;eCTBY, 3arrpeTHTeAbHOH nOIlIAHHOH.
BBOMI 3TH TapMcpbI, pYCCKoe rrpaBHTeAbCTBO HCXOAMAO
H3 MHTepeCOB MOAOAOH rrpOMbIIlIAeHHOCTH CTpaHbI, npOAYK-
QHH KOTOpOH Ha rrepBbIX rropax He MorAa KOHKypHpOBaTb C
AerneBbIMH eBporreHCKMMH TOBapaMH. BOCTOqHbIe TOBapbI -
AoporHe TKaHH, KpaCHTeAH, AparOQeHHbIe KaMHH H H3AeAHH
xYA0)KeCTBeHHoro peMeCAa - He 3aTparHBaAH MHTepeCOB
PYCCKOM npOMbIIlIAeHHOCTH. EOAee Toro, POCCMM 6bIAO BbI-
rOAHee 3aKyrraTb BOCTOqHble TOBapbI HerrocpeACTBeHHo Y HH-
AHMCKHX H apMHHCKHX KyrrQOB, He npH6eraH K rrOCpeAHHqe-
CTBY eBporreHCKHX KOMMepcaHTOB, AO KOTOpbIX TOBapbI AOXO-
AHAH qepe3 BTopble H TpeTbH PYKH, HaMHoro YAop0)KaHCb B
QeHe. I1MeHHo n03TOMY B ACTpaxaHH, a co BTOpOH rrOAOBHHbI
1730-x rOAOB - B OpeH6ypre 6bIAI1 YCTaHOBAeHbI YMepeH-
HbIe nOrnAHHbI C BOCTOqHbIX TOBapoB (10-13 % CTOHMOCTH
TOBapoB nJUOc cneQMaAbHbIe C60pbI). npH TaKHX pa3Mepax
TaMO)KeHHOrO 06AO>KeHHH TOprOBMI BOCTOqHbIMH TOBapa-
MH B POCCHH rrpHHocMAa KpyrrHyro npM6bIAb, rrpHBAeKaBIIIyID
e>KerOAHO 3HaqMTeAbHOe qHCAO HHAHHCKHX KyrrQOB M3 I1H-
AHH H nepcMH B ACTpaxaHb, OpeH6ypr, KM3M1p H APyrHe rro-
Py6e)KHbIe ropoAa Ha IOro-BOCTOqHOH oKpaHHe POCCHH.
1703 rog. 113 KHHrH KopHeAH5I Ae EpynHa «nyrernecTBHe
Qepe3 MOCKOBMIO» - CBeAeHHH 06 MHAHMQax, >KHBynJ;HX B
ACTpaxaHH, M 0 COCT05lHMM MX TOprOBAH.
...BCRKoro poga mOBapbl npogalOmcR no ympaM Ha 6a3a-
pe UAU mop)/{uw,e mamapcKoM, rge PyccKue u apMRHe maK-
)/{e Morym BblCmaBJl.Rmb Ha npoga)/{y CBOU npou3BegeHuR,
-74-
PYCCKaH J1H.IJ:J1H
-=
=
HO nOCAe 06ega mamapaM moprOBamb He g03BO.MlemCR, maK
KaK BpeMR 3mo npegocmaBAeHO g.Ml mopry mOAbKO PYCCKUM,
K l.l.eMY, Bnpo I.l. eM, gonYCKalOmCR U apMRHe. Ho uHgeuu,bl co-
BepwalOm CBOU moproBble cgeAKu B nOMew,eHuRx CBoero
KapaBaH -capaR.
...B oKpecmHocmRx 3moro ropoga [AcmpaxaHu] npo)/'{uBa-
10m OKOAO 40 ceMeiicmB apMRH, Komopble UMelOm 3gecb CBOU
AaBKU, KaK R y)/.{e 3aMemUA 06 3mOM Bblwe. l1Hgeiiu,bl )/.{uBym
maM B CBoeM KapaBaH-capae, rge U COBepwalOm CBOU mopro-
Bble geAa. l.[UCAO UX He MeHbwe apMRH, HO )/.{eH UAU )/.{eHw,UH
y HUX Hem.
3mo Mecmo gOBOAbHO 06WUPHO, 06HeceHo I.l.emblpex-
yrOAbHOlO KaMeHHOlO cmeHoii, B Komopoii ecmb HeCKOAbKO
Bopom. Y gBYX rAaBHblX HaxogumcR nocmORHHaR cmpa)/.{a, U
Bel.l.epOM 3mu Bopoma 3anupalOm B U3BecmHble l.l.aCbl. ApMRH-
CKue Kynu,bl, npue3)/.{alOw,ue U Om'be3)/.{alOw,ue, 6epym ce6e
3gecb nOMew,eHue, U R maKJKe ocmaHOBUACR 3gecb C CBOUMU
apMRHaMU. Ecmb U maKue apMRHe, Komopble nocmORHHO )/.{u-
Bym mym U UMelOm CBOU AaBKU. OHU UMelOm maM xaHbl UAU
oc06ble omgeAeHuR. OmgeAeHue Ha BpeMR npue3)/.{alOw,ux -
B gBa Rpyca, C rQAepeRMU, a omgeAeHue uHgeiiu,eB, HaxOgR-
w,eecR COBceM y gpyrux Bopom, - Bce gepeBRHHoe. HegaBHo
uHgeiiu,bl BblcmpoUAu, BnpOl.l.eM, OgUH KaMeHHblii Mara3UH U3
onaceHUR orHR, KomopoMY Hau60Aee nogBep)/.{eHbl gepeBRH-
Hble cmpoeHuR. 3mo HOBoe cmpoeHue gOBOAbHO 06WUpHO
U nOMeCmUmeAbHO, B 40 KBagpamHblX cjJymoB. ApMRHe, CAe-
gyR ux npuMepy, maKJKe Hal.l.QAU B03Bogumb ce6e nog06Hoe
cmpoeHue U BblBeAU y)/.{e OCHOBaHue B BblWUHY l.l.eAOBeKa.
1716 rog. 113 KHHrH A>KoHa EeAAH «OyrernecTBMe H3
CaHKT-OeTep6ypra B nepeAHIOIO qaCTb A3HM» - CBeAeHH5I
06 HHAHHQax, >KHByrn;Hx B ACTpaxaHH, H 0 COCT05IHHH HX
TOprOBAH.
AcmpaxaHb npou3Bogum 3HamHYlO moproBAlO C nepcu-
elO, XUBOlO, EyxapuelO U l1HguelO. Kynu,bl cux pa3AUI.l.HblX Ha-
pOgOB UMelOm maM 06w,uii KapaBaH-capaii, UAU rocmuHblu
gBOp, rge OHU )/.{uBym U npogalOm mOBapbl.
ApMRHe npou3BogRm BeAul.l.auwylO l.l.aCmb nepcugcKuR
moproBAu, u60 nepcbl BeCbMa pegKo Bble3)/.{alOm U3 cBoeu
3eMAU. B AcmpaxaHu HaxogumcR HeCKOAbKO UHgURH UAU 6a-
-75-
H.H. HerrOMHHII(J1M
=
=
HuaH, KOmOpble KpaCRm ce6e A06 UlacjJpaH OM Au60 COKOM gpy-
raro KaKoro pacmeHUR. OHU BeCbMa g06pble AlOgu, npocmbl U
l.l.eAOBeKoA106uBbl U numalOmCR OgHUMU nOl.l.mu 11A0gaMu.
1777 rog. 113 KHHrH l1.r. reOprH «OnHcaHHe Bcex 06HTa-
IOID;HX B POCCHHCKOM rOCYAapCTBe HapOAOB M MX )KHTeMCKHX
06p5lAOB, 06bIKHOBeHHH, OAe>KA, >KHAHID;, BepOHcnOBeAaHHH
H npOqHX AOCTorraMHTHOCTeH» - CBeAeHHH 06 HHAMHCKOH
KOMnaHMH B ACTpaxaHH.
Hapog UHgUUCKUU co BpeMeHu gaHHblx eMY om nempa
BeAuKaro npeuMyw,ecmB )l(UBem nocmORHHO B AcmpaxaHu,
ga HeCKOAbKO ceMeu B KU3.Mlpe Ha TepeKe; nepeceAUAcR )l(e
myga U3 pa3Hblx 3anagHblx cmopoH l1Hguu, U 60AbUlelO I.l.a-
cmblO U3 npoBuHu,UU nepcugcKOu MYAITIRHCKOU, U, cAegoBa-
meAbHO, cymb npe)l(HUe noggaHHble BeAUKoro MorOAa. OHU
COCmaB.MllOm Me)l(gy C06010 KaK B AcmpaxaHu, maK U KU3.Ml-
pe coeguHeHHoe 06w,ecmBo om gBYX go I.l.emblpex com l.l.eAO-
BeK, nog CygOM U pacnpaBolO ry6epHcKoro npaBAeHuR; cygeu
)l(e U Hal.l.QAbHUKOB u36upalOm OHU U3 Me)l(gy ce6R.
Bug uHguuu,eB cux BeCbMa cxogeH C mamapcKuM. OHU
60AbUlelO l.l.aCmblO BblCOKU, mOHKU, cyxow,aBbl; BOAOCbl UMe-
10m pegKue, l.l.epHble; rAa3a MQAble, l.l.epHble; He60AbUlUe 60-
pOgbl, HOC cyxUU, ry6bl MQAble, 3y6bl BeCbMa 6eAble, U3)l(eAITIa-
6AegHblu u,Bem Auu,a U Ba)l(HYlO ocaHKY. B noxogKe U nocmyn-
Kax CBOUX OKa3blBalOm AeHUBYlO Ba)l(HOCmb, rOBopRm muxo,
C paccmaHOBKOlO, U Bcerga nogyMaB. OHU B CAOBe CBoeM
ycmOUI.l.UBbl, yqmuBbl, YCAY)J(AUBbl, mepneAUBbl, BeCbMa pe-
UlumeAbHbl, OCmOp0)l(Hbl U AlO6Rm yeguHeHue.
J/3blK ux ecmb BeCbMa cxogHoe C MOHrOAbCKUM Hapel.l.Ue,
a nomOMY U AerKO HayqalOmcR OHOMY KQAMblKU. nUUlym Ha
OHOM c06cmBeHHblMU CBOUMU 6YKBaMU, C AeBOU Ha npaBYlO
cmopOHY, mpocmHUKOM, OI.l.UHeHHblM U 06MaKUBaeMblM B
mYUlb UAU KumaUCKue l.l.epHUAa. OHU CI.l.UmalOm, KaK U Mbl,
go gecRmu. OgUH Ha3blBaemCR Ha ux R3blKe UK, gBa - gy,
mpu - mpeu, I.l.emblpe- I.l.aac, Il5lmb - naHUl, Ulecmb -
mUlU, ceMb - 3amUle, BoceMb-amUl, geBRmb- Hay, ge-
CRmb - ga, oguHagcRmb - Rpa, gBeHagcRmb - 6apa, mpu-
Hagu,amb - mepa, gBagcRmb go Il5lmugecRmu - naHgUla,
cmo - caH, mblCRl.l.a - racaap, 60r - TaKYP, l.l.eAOBeK - aag-
MU, )l(eHa - nap U m. g.
-76-
PYCCKaH J1HJJ:J1H
=
=
POCCUUCKue HaUlU UHgUUU,bl BCe Kynel.leCmBYlOm, llaCmUlO
C06CmBeHHblM KanUmQAOM, He Bble3)l(aR U3 POCCUU BO BClO
CBOJO )l(U3Hb HUKygbl, U l.lacmulO 6blBUR npuKaw,UKaMU mOBa-
puw,aMU UHgUUCKUX moprOBblX gOMOB, moprylOw,uX B pa3HblX
Mecmax. ToprOB.Il5l ux BeCbMa cxogcmByem C apMRHCKOlO. OHU
npUB03Rm B KapaBaHax CBOUX pa3Hble 6eAble U necmpble UH-
guucKue Mamepuu U3 pogy AbHRHblX, Ha3blBaeMblX UMU MYH-
rpy, maKJKe 6YMa)l(Hble, UleAKOBble U nOAYUleAKOBble, UHgUU-
CKue, nepcugcKue U 6yxapCKue Mamepuu, KamYHbl, cumu,bl
U meM nog06Hble. B paCCY)l(geHuu u,eHbl, CUU pYKogeAuR UX
XOpOUlU; HO, ocmaBR u,eHY, ropa3go XY)l(e eBponeUCKUX, go-
6pomolO, KpacomolO U npOllHocmulO; nOl.leMY Ha Mecmo OHblX
U OmnpaB.Il5llOmCR B me cmopOHbl uHguuu,aMU mOHKue CYK-
Ha, KpaCKU, BCRKUU MeAOllHblU mOBap U mOMY nog06Hoe. Ho
mOprOB.Il5l UX UMeem nepeBec BeAuKuu. A KaK HblHe 3anpew,e-
HO UM BblB03umb BCRKue He06geAaHHble Bew,u, nOKynamb )l(e
Ha POCcuucKue geHbru B l1HgUU g.ll5l HUX y6blmOI.lHO, mo U ne-
pemoproBblBalOm OHU B Poccuu geHbraMu CBOUMU, llmo U co-
CmaB.Il5lem MHorux U3 HUX rAaBHoe ynpa)l(HeHue.
OHU UMelOm Bce CBoucmBa g06pblX pocmoBw,uKoB, go-
6pblU 3anac geHer, oCmOp0)l(Hbl, MOAI.lQAUBbl, npou,eHmbl 6e-
pym He 60AbUle g03BoAeHHblx 3aKoHaMu, HO 6epym OHble Bne-
peg 3a rog, He npumeCHRlOm CBOUX gOAJKHUKOB, U He06xogu-
Mocmb ogHa 3aCmaB.Il5lem nogaBamb )l(QA06bl. AlOgRM, He om
OI1AOUlHOCmu CBoeu npu UlegUl UM B HeCI.lQCmue, He mOAbKO HU
MQAeUUlQrO He OKQ3blBQlOm npe3peHUR, HO llacmo OKQ3blBa-
10m UM 3HamHYlO nOMow,b; npUl.leM cmapalOmCR cgeAamb cue
CKpblmHO, noeAUKY maKOBoe g06poe geAo, no Bepe UX, 6ygem
llpe3 mo UMemb 60AbUle CBoero gocmouHcmBa. OHU Bce 3a-
)l(UmOllHbl, a HeKomopble UMelOm 3HamHble KQnUmaAbl.
Bo Bcex Bew,ax npe3upalOm OHU nblUlHYlO HapY)l(HOcmb.
AcmpaxaHcKue uHguUU,bl Bce )l(UBym B BblcmpoeHHoM g.ll5l
HUX om Ka3Hbl KaMeHHOM rocmUHOM gBope, Komopblu co-
CmaB.Il5lem l.lemblpeyrOAbHUK, BOKpyr 11A0w,agu, gBepRMu Ha
gBOp. AaBKa Ka)l(goro COCmaB.Il5lem U ropHuu,y ero U cocmoum
U3 caMOU ce6R; B OHOU Hem HU ogHoro OKRa, KpOMe omBep-
cmUR B 11A0CKOM nomOAKe, CKB03b Komopoe Bxogum HeCKOAb-
KO CBema U Komopoe 3UMOlO 3aKpblBaemCR, a AemOM cemKOlO
3agepruBaemCR. llOlleMY BO BeCb geHb ropRm y HUX AaMnagbl.
B AaBKe HaxogumcR UlupOKaR, BblUlUHOlO om 3eMAU Ha gBa
cpyma CKQMbR, KaK y mamap, nOKpblmaR XOPOUlUMU KOBpaMU,
-77-
H.H. HerrOMHHII(J1M
=
=
Ha KOmOpbLX OHU cugRm, nUUlym, egRm, U CIl5lm, ga He6oAb-
UlaR )KeAe3HaR nel.l.b, B KOmOpOU BapRm. TOBapbl paCnOAO)Ke-
Hbl no nOAKaM, OKOAO cmeH AaBKU. npu Bceu meMHome B AaB-
Kax Bcerga BugHa B OHbLX I.l.ucmoma.
OHU ogeBa1OmcR, no 06pa3Y BOCmOI.l.HbLX HapogoB, BeCbMa
CXOgHO C mamapaMu. HocRm gAuHHble U UlupoKue UlmaHbl,
I.l.YAKU cacjJbRHHble, UAU CYKoHHble 60AbUle1O l.l.aCmb1O, mycjJAU,
Y3Kue nOAycanoru, U me U gpyrue ocmpOKOHel.l.Hble, py6axu
UleAKOBble UAU mOHKue 6YMa)KHble, U BblcoKue, nogo6Hble Ke-
rARM, UlanKu, C Y3eHbKo1O onYUlKo1O, nOAYKacjJmaHbe, go UKp
gocma1Ow,ee, UleAKOBOe, U gAUHHblU, mOHKaro CYKHa, KacjJ-
maH, nognoRcblBaRCb no OHOMY UleAKOBblM KYUlUKOM. llleR ro-
AaR, Ha 6opoge HeMHoro BOAOC, a rOAOBa o6puma. 113 Ha6o)K-
Hocmu HeKomopble U3 HUX ga10m gyxOBHblM CBOUM cgeAamb y
HUX Ha l.l.eAe 3HaK, noxo)Kuu Ha AamuHcKY10 6YKBY H w,acjJpaH-
H010 Ma3b1O, CBepx Komoporo KAagym 30AomblR gow,eI.l.Ku.
BepR npeceAeHu10 gyul, He egRm OHU HU )KUBOmHblX I.l.em-
BepOHorux, HU nmuu" HU pbl6, a ew,e MeHee y6uBa1Om UAU pe-
)Kym I.l.mo-Au60 )KUByw,ee.
BcegHeBHaR ux npunpaBa ecmb KaUla U3 capau,UHCKa-
ro nUleHa (nOAOB) C U31OMOM, MaCAOM KOpOBbUM, mMuHOM, a
uHorga U C UlacjJpaHOM. AblHU, ap6Y3bl U gpyrue IlAOgbl, Cbl-
pble UAU )KapeHble, - maKJKe 06blKHOBeHHble UX KYUlaHbR.
HanumKU UX: Boga U KocjJe, a uHorga, I.l.mo6 nogBeceAumbCR,
U numbe, geAaeMoe U3 KOHoneAb C accacjJemuga; XMeAbHbLX
UAU KpenKUX HanumKOB OHU BOBCR He ynompe6AR1Om. Bce KY-
pRm ma6aK, no-apMRHCKU, I.l.pe3 KQAUaH, HO HUKorga MHorue
I.l.pe3 OgUH U mom)Ke He KypRm BMecme, a BCRK I.l.pe3 CBOU co6-
cmBeHHblu UAU nogHeceHHblu... B o6pa3e )KU3HU, HpaBax U
o6bll.l.aRX UMe10m OHU BeAUKoe cxogcmBo C Kumauu,aMu. Becb-
Ma AlO6Rm I.l.ucmomy B )KUAuw,ax CBOUX, ogeRHuu U nuw,e. Ky-
UlaHbe BapRm l.l.acmu1O B o6w,ux KOIIlAQX, HO Ka)Kgblu gep)Kum
co6cmBeHHble CBOU 6AlOga U COCygbl gAR numbR. no u,eAoMY
gH10 npOCU)KUBa1Om OgHU B AaBKax CBOUX Ha m1OcjJRKax, nog-
)KaBUlU Horu, B KaKOBOM nOAO)KeHUU U egRm. HOl.l.b1O cnRm Ha
CKaMbRX, nogAO)Ka OgHY mOAbKO nogyUlKY nog rOAoBY, U nog
mOHKUM ogeRAoM. nOCmOpOHHeMY He g03BoAR1Om mporamb
UX KYUlaHbR, ga6bl I.l.pe3 mo OHble He 6blAU oCKBepHeHbl; nOCAe
I.l.ero OHU y)Ke ecmb OHblX He cmaHym.
...MHorue UHgUUU,bl )KUBym C mamapaMu. K 60AbUleU I.l.a-
cmu YBeceAeHuu OHU paBHogyUlHbl. Om'beBUlU, AlO6Rm OHU
-78-
PYCCKaH J1H.IJ:J1H
=
=
nocnamb I.l.aca gBa, nOmOM KypRm ma6aK, UrpalOm B UlaUlKU
no uHguiicKOMY 06bll.l.alO, 3a6aB.Il5llOmCR MY3blKOlO Ha CBOUX
npocmblX UHcmpYMeHmax UAU CMomP!lm Ha mamapCKue I1AR-
CKU, UlymoBcmBa B 06Mapal.l.UBaHUU gpyr gpyra npOBopHblMU
06MaHaMU U gpyruR CKOMOpOUlHUl.l.eCmBa.
MepmBeu,OB CBOUX CO)J{uralOm BHe ropoga, B cgeAaHHoii
HapOI.l.HO nel.l.U, U npax pa3ceBalOm no Boge.
B KOHQe XVIII BeKa C QeAhIO pacllIMpeHHH ToproBbIx CBH-
3eH C I1HAMeH npeAnOAaraAOCb KopeHHbIM o6pa30M nepe-
cMoTpeTb aCTpaxaHcKHH H opeH6yprcKHH TapHcpbI B CTOpO-
HY AaAbHeHllIero pe3Koro cOKparn;eHHH rrOIlIAHHHbIX C60POB
C BOCTOqHbIX TOBapoB. I1HAHHcKMe KynQbI HeoAHoKpaTHo
3aHBA5IAH, qTO B POCCHH OHH nOAh3yroTcH TaKMMH rrpHBMAe-
rHHMH B ToproBAe, KaKHX OHH HHKorAa He HMeAH B ne.pCMH
M ApyrHX CTpaHax BOCTOKa.
llIHPOKOMY pa3BHTHIO HHAHHCKoro Topra B POCCHH cno-
C06CTBOBaAa nOKpOBHTeAhCTBeHHaH rrOAHTHKa PYCCKMX
BAaCTeH rro OTHOllIeHMIO K MHAMMCKHM H APyrHM BOCTOqHbIM
KyrrQaM. HHCTpYKQHeH CeHaTa OT 1 720 rOAa aCTpaxaHCKO-
MY ry6epHaTOpy A.n. BOAbIHCKOMY rrpeAnHCbIBaAOCb OKa-
3bIBaTb BOCTOQHbIM KyrrQaM, 060CHOBaBllIHMCH B ACTpaxa-
HH, Heo6xOAHMoe COAeHCTBHe B HX ToprOBAe, oxpaHHTb HX
HMyrn;ecTBo, «Aep>KaTb AaCKY M rrpHBeT A06pOH... H o6epe-
raTb, QT06bI HM HH OT Koro HHKaKHX 06HA He 6bIAO».
YKa30M OT 20 ceHTH6p51 1723 rOAa CeHaT CH5IA 3anpeT AJ\5I.
HHAHHCKHX M APyrHx BOCTOqHbIX KyrrQoB Ha npoH3BoACTBO
P03HHqHOH ToproBAM B ACTpaxaHH. B oKTH6pe 1722 rOAa Ae-
rryraQHH HHAHHCKHX KyrrQOB BO rAaBe C AH6y-PaMoM noce-
THAa HaXOAHBllIerOCH B ACTpaxaHM neTpa I H rroAyqHAa OT
Hero MMeHHOH YKa3 0 npeAOCTaBAeHMH HHAHHCKOM KOMna-
HMH B ACTpaxaHH rrpaBa pa3pellIaTb MMyrn;ecTBeHHble' cno-
pbI no HaCAeACTBeHHbIM AeAaM «caMHM HM, HHAeHQaM, no
HX 06biKHOBeHHIO H 3aKOHY H npaBaM». 3TOT YKa3 CTaA 06-
rn;eM 3aKoHOAaTeAhHOM HOpMOM rrpH pa3pellIeHHH HMyrn;e-
CTBeHHblX crropoB nOAo6Horo pOAa M B 3TOM KaqeCTBe rrpH-
MeHHACH Ha npOT5I>KeHHH BceM rrocAeAYIOrn;eM HCTOpMH HH-
AMHCKOH ToproBoH KOMrraHHH, 6bIA BHeceH B «CBOA 3aKOHOB
POCCHHCKOH HMrrepHM» M OTMeHeH AHllIb BO BTOpOH rrOAOBH-
He XIX BeKa, KorAa KOMrraHI1H B ACTpaxaHH rrepeCTaAa cy-
rn;eCTBOBaTb.
-79-
H.H. HerrOMH.HIIJ:J1J1
=
=
B XVIII BeKe HHAHHQbI, TopryIOIIJ;He C PoccHeH, nOAyqM-
AH PHA HOBbIX npHBHAerHH. YKa3 1685 rOAa, 3anpeTHBllIMH
HHAHHQaM ToproBAIO B «BepXOBbIX rOpOAaX» POCCHHCKO-
ro rocYAapcTBa, Ha npaKTHKe He npHMeHHACH, H Y>Ke C KOH-
Qa XVII BeKa HHAHHcKHe KynQbI BeAM 60AbllIyro ToprOBAIO B
pa3HbIX ropOAax POCCHH.
AHaAH3 ny6AHKyeMbIx HbIHe AOKYMeHTOB nOKa3bIBaeT,
qTO B XVIII BeKe B ACTpaxaHH - 3TOM KpynHoM PYCCKOM
ToproBoM QeHTpe - npO>KHBaAO OT 50 AO 100 HHAHHCKHX
KynQoB, 3aHHMaBllIHXCH npOAa>KeH B POCCHH BOCTOqHbIX TO-
BapoB H BbIB030M B rIepcHIO TOBapoB, 3aKynAeHHbIx B Poc-
CHH. ¥IHAHHcKHe KynQbI TOprOBaAH H B APyrHx PYCCKHX ro-
pOAax. rIo cBHAeTeAbCTBY aCTpaxaHcKoro KynQa-HHAHHQa
MapBapH EapaeBa, B POCCHIO B XVIII BeKe «BbIe3>KaAO B
rOA qeAOBeK no 200 H MeHbllIH» HHAHHCKHX KynQoB, a HbIHe
(B 1735 rOAY) «3eAO MaAO BbIe3>KaeT: qeAOBeK AO 80 H MeHb-
llIH». B XVIII BeKe HHAHHcKHe KynQbI cB060AHO e3AHAM H3
ACTpaxaHH co CBOHMH TOBapaMH B HH>KHHH HOBropoA Ha
MaKapbeBcKyro HpMapKY, B MOCKBY, Ha CeBepHbIH KaB-
Ka3, B CapaToB, a C 1720 rOAa - H B rIeTep6ypr, KorAa 3TOT
ropoA Y>Ke 6bIA cToAMQeH rocYAapcTBa H TYAa nepe6paACH
ABOp H HHocTpaHHbIe nOCAbI. CYMI no qeA06HTHOH, nOAaH-
HOH B 1723 rOAY rIeTPY I KOMnaHHeH HHAHHCKHX KynQOB H3
ACTpaxaHH, HHAHHQbI A06HpaAHCb Aa>Ke AO ApxaHreAbcKa,
3aKynaH TaM eBponeHCKHe TOBapbI! B 3TOH qeA06HTHOH HH-
AHHCKHe KynQbI npOCHAM pa3pellIeHHH Ha CB060AHbIH npo-
e3A B EBpony, a TaK>Ke qepe3 CH6Hpb B KHTaH. HeCOMHeH-
HO, qTO B 3TO BpeMH KOMnaHHH HHAHI1:CKHX KynQOB pacnOAa-
raAa 3HaqHTeAbHbIMH cpeACTBaMH H ToprOBbIMH CBH3HMH.
¥I AeHCTBHTeAbHO, ToprOBbIe 060POTbI HHAHHCKHX Kyn-
QOB 6bIAM TorAa BeCbMa KpynHbIMH. TaK, B CAeAYIOIIJ;eM >Ke,
1724 rOAY, no 3anMCHM aCTpaxaHcKoH TaMO>KHM 0 B3HTMM
nOllIAHH C TOBapoB, BbIB03HMbIX HHAHHCKMMM KynQaMM B
MOCKBY, HH>KHMH HOBropoA H Ha TepeK, OAHH H3 HHX, MMH
KOToporo 3anHcaHO TO KaK )KepaM MypapOB, TO KaK /vKe-
paM MypaToB, BbIBe3 B MOCKBY H HH>KHMI1: HOBropOA BO
BpeMH CBOHX noe3AOK TOBapOB Ha 10270 py6., ApyrOH, MeT
l.JHHaeB, - Ha 8852 py6., TpeTMH, rIepy /vKClAaMoB, - Ha
8228 py6. M T. A. CTOHMOCTb TOBapOB, BbIBe3eHHbIX HHAHH-
CKHMM KynQaMH H3 ACTpaxaHM BO BHyrpeHHHe ropOAa POC-
CMH B 1724 rOAY, npeBbIcMAa 104 TbIC. py6.
-80-
PYCCKa.H J1H,IJ;J1.H
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B COCTaB C6bIBaBllIHXCH MHAHHCKHMH KynQaMM TOBapOB
BXOAMAM B OCHOBHOM BOCTOqHble TKaHH - 60AbllIeH qaCTblO
nepCMACKHe, pe>Ke - 3aKaBKa3CKMe'MAM >Ke cpeAHea3MaT-
CKHe. TKaHH M3 ¥IHAMH oc060 He BbIAeAeHbI, HO Ha OCHOBa-
HHH KaK 60Aee paHHHx, TaK M 60Aee rr03AHHx AaHHblx MO>K-
HO nOAaraTb, qTO KaKa5I-TO qaCTb «BbI60eK» H «cpaT» 6bIAa
HHAMHCKoro rrpoMCXOJKAeHHH.
1720 - 1740-e rOAbI 6bIAM nepHoAoM pacQBeTa HHAHH-
CKOH ToproBAM B POCCHH. rIo AaHHbIM aCTpaxaHcKoH TaMO>K-
HH, 3a 8 AeT - C 1737-ro no 1744 rOA - HHAHHCKHe KynQbI
BbIBe3AM B rIepcHIO TOBapoB Ha 311,7 TbIC. py6. H HMnop-
THpOBaAH H3 rIepcHH Ha 661,1 TbIC. py6., qTO COCTaBMlAO
11,5 % BceH aCTpaxaHcKoH BHellIHeH ToproBAM B TOT nepHOA
(He CqHTaH cpaBHHTeAbHO He3HaqHTeAbHOH ToprOBAM C XH-
BOH H EyxapOH). \.)
B XVIII BeKe HHAHHCKHe KynQbI B POCCHH Bce 60AbllIe
CTaAH 3aHMMaTbCH He TOAbKO ToprOBAeH, HO H pOCTOBrn;Hqe-
CKOH AeHTeAbHOCTblO. B AOKYMeHTax XVII BeKa eCTb TOAbKO
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eMHbIX nHceM, AeA 0 B3bICKaHHH AOATOB M ApyrOH OcpHIJ;H-
aAbHOH nepenHcKM 0 POCToBlQHqeCKOH AeHTeAbHOCTH HH-
AHHIJ;eB. 113 3THX AOKYMeHTOB BHAHO, qTO POCTOBlQHqeCTBO
CTaAO IlIHpOKO paCnpOCTpaHeHHbIM 3aHHTHeM CpeAM HHAHH-
IJ;eB. OHH CCY)KaAH AeHbrH nOA BeCbMa BbICOKHe npOIJ;eH-
TbI (no CBMAeTeAbCTBY aCTpaxaHCKHX BAaCTeM, B cpeAHeM
H3 30-36 % rOAOBbIX, a B OTAeAbHbIX cAyqaHx - H AO 50 %)
HHAHHCKHM H PYCCKHM KynIJ;aM, aCTpaxaHcKHM TaTapaM H
Aa)Ke KpenocTHbIM KpecTbHHaM.
EOAbIlIOe 3HaqeHHe HHAMHIJ;bI npMAaBaAM npaBY Ha cB060-
AY BepoHcnoBeAaHHH, KOTOpbIM OHH nOAb30BaAMCb B POCCMM.
B XVIII BeKe Ha I1HAMHCKOM rOCTHHOM ABope TPH KOMHaTbI
6bIAH OTBeAeHbI nOA MOAeAbHIO. B AOKYMeHTax HeoAHoKpaT-
HO ynoMHHalOTcH «HHAHHcKHe nOnbI», )KHBIlIHe B ACTpaxa-
HH Ha nO)KepTBOBaHHH cBoeH naCTBbI, HAM, KaK nHCaAM Tor-
AallIHHe KaHIJ;eAHpHCTbI, «nponHTaHHe HMeBIlIHe MHpCKHM
nOAillIHHeM». B AOKYMeHTax TaIOKe rOBopHTCH 0 TOM, QTO OT-
AeAbHbIe 60raTbIe HHAHHIJ;bI B03MAH C C060H CBoero CBHlQeH-
HOCAY)KHTeAH B MOCKBY HAM rIeTep6ypr. lllillib B 1751 rOAY
«nOAMIJ;bIMeHCTepCKaH KaHIJ;eAHpHH» ACTpaxaHM 3anpOCHAa
rIpaBHTeAbCTB)'IOlQHH CeHaT 0 pa3pellIeHHH BbIBeCTH 3a ro-
POA 3TH MOAeAbHH, rAe HHAHHIJ;bI, KaK HClAMeHHO BbIpa3HAMCb
TorAallIHHe nOAMIJ;eHCKHe qHHbI, «qHHHT nOKAOHeHMe 3Ae-
AaHHbIM HanOA06He c06aK 60ABaHaM», HO CeHaT nOAO)KHA
3TO AeAO B AOATHH HlQHK, H TOAbKO B 1765 rOAY, BBMAY Toro
qTO 60AbllIe HHKTO B ACTpaxaHH 3Toro Bonpoca He nOAHHMaA,
6blA0 BbIHeceHO pellIeHHe CAaTb AeAO B apXHB.
HaCKOAbKO )Ke nOAP06HbI H AOCTOBepHbI 6bIAM 3HaHHH
PYCCKoro 06lQeCTBa H IJ;apCKOro npaBHTeAbCTBa 06 I1HAHH
Ha npOTH)KeHHH XVIII BeKa? 06paTHMcH K AOKYMeHTaM.
rI03HaHHH PyccKoro npaBHTeAbCTBa 0 reorpacpHH H npH-
pOAe I1HAHH 6bIAM, BHAHMO, MeHee TOqHbIMH, qeM Te, KOTO-
pbIMH OHO paCnOAaraAO B XVII BeKe. TaK, rIeTp I C06HpaACH
nOCAaTb KO)KMHa C MOpCKHMH cYAaMH no AMYAapbe B I1H-
AHIO C npHKa30M BepHyrbcH no B03MO)KHOCTH KacnHHcKHM
MopeM. B AaHHOM KO)KHHY HaKa3e rIeTp I npMKa3aA eMY 3a-
KynHTb B I1HAHH «AOBOAbHOe qHCAO nTHIJ; 60AbllIHX BCHKHX,
a HMeHHO CTPYCOB, Ka3eapHycoB H np0TqHX», a TaK)Ke pa3-
HbIX 3BepeH.
-82-
PYCCKa.H MH.IJ:M.H
=
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nOAHTHqeCKOe AeAeHHe ¥IHAHH neTp 3HaA AyqIIIe. ne-
peA nOCbIAKOH KO>KMHa OH He TOAbKO BeAeA nOAHHTb Bce
AeAa 0 ToprOBOH MMCCMH CeMeHa MaAeHbKOro, HO M Aonpo-
CHTb aCTpaxaHCKHX MHAMHQeB 06 HMeHM rocYAapH, npaBHB-
IIIero B TO BpeMH ¥IHAHeH. OAHaKO, KorAa MHAMHQbI OTBeTM-
AM, qTO «Qapb Ae HbIHe B bIHAeH HMHHeM <DepKIIIa (TO eCTb
<DapPYXCHHp), KOTOpbIH TaMO 4-H rOA» , TO neTp HM He nOBe-
pHA H npHKa3aA AaTb KO>KMHY C C060H rpaMory Ha HMH ll1ay-
AeMa (TO eCTb ll1ax-AAaMa), nOCKOAbKY 3TO HMH 6bIAO yxa3a-
HO B OAHOH HeMeQKOH KHMre, H3AaHHOH B 1711 rOAY. Me>K-
AY TeM <DapPyxcHHP AeHCTBHTeAbHO BOQapHAcH B 1712 rOAY,
3a 4 rOAa AO 3Toro, KaK H YKa3aAM HHAHHQbI, a rpaMoTa ne-
Tpa 6bIAa ClApecoBaHa nOKoHHHKY. CBeAeHHH, nOAyqeHHbIe
H3 BTOpbIX pyx, TO eCTb H3 KHMr, H3AaHHbIX B 3anClAHOH EB-
pone, OKa3aAMCb 3an03AaAbIMH no cpaBHeHHIO C nOKa3aHHH-
MM HHAHHQeB. B XVII BeKe OTAaBaAM npeAnOqTeHHe HMeHHO
TaKHM HenocpeAcTBeHHbIM CBHAeTeAbCKHM nOKa3aHHHM -
«CKa3KaM» .
CBeAeHHH 06 ¥IHAHH npOHHKaAM B POCCHIO pa3AHqHbIMH
nyrHMH, M OAHHM H3 TaKHX KaHaAOB HHcpopMaQHH B XVII H
B XVIII BeKax 6bIAO PyccKoe nOCOAbCTBO B nepcHM. B KOHQe
1730-x rOAOB PYCCKHH pe3HAeHT B nepcHM KaAynIKHH ne-
peCAaA B POCCHIO paccKa3 OAHoro H3 CBOHX areHTOB, yqacT-
HHKa HHAHHcKoro noxOAa HClAHp-lliaxa. CBeAeHHH 0 HClAHP-
IIIaxe Hero HHAHHCKOM noxOAe COBepIIIeHHO AOCTOBepHbI.
HOBbIM AMI HCTOpHKOB HBMleTCH C006rn;eHHe, qTO B 6HTBe
npM KapHaAe, no cyrn;eCTBY, n06eAHAa MHAHHCKaH apMMH, H
TOAbKO CMHTeHHe H HecorAaCOBaHHOCTb B AeHCTBMHX npM-
ABOPH,bIX H BOeHaqaAbHMKOB npaBHTeMl MOrOAbCKOH HMne-
pMH nOMeIIIaAM HM BOCnOAb30BaTbCH n06eAOH H n06YAMAH
MX nOAqHHHTbCH HClAHp-lliaxy.
KaK nOAAHHHbIe CBeAeHHH 06 ¥IHAHH 6bIAa BocnpHHHTa H
HanMcaHHaH AMI PyccKoro ABopa «aBT06HorpacpMH» qeAOBe-
Ka, npH6bIBIIIero B neTep6ypr B 1734 rOAY H BbIAaBaBIIIero
ce6H 3a «cYATaHa rHH-AxMeTa», npaBHyxaAypaHr3e6a, npa-
BHTeJUI MOrOAbCKOH HMnepMH. B KaqeCTBe AocToBepHoro
C006rn;eHMH «aBT06HorpacpMH» rHH-AxMeTa npHBeAeHa M B
pa60Te A.<D. MaAMHOBCKoro. OAHaKo CeHqaC, npH 6AH>KaH-
meM paccMoTpeHMM, paccKa3 rHH-AxMeTa OKa3bIBaeTCH BbI-
MbICAOM. B apxMBe coxpaHMAcH KYCOK qepHOBHKa 3TOH «aB-
T06MorpacpMH», HanHcaHHbIH THnHqHbIM HeMeQKHM noqep-
-83-
H.H. HerrOMHHll(J1J1
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KOM TOrO BpeMeHH, KaKoro He MorAO 6bITb Y HHAHHu;a, AHllIb
OKOAO 3-4 AeT npO>KMBllIerO, no ero CAOBaM, B EBpone. B ero
paccKa3e 0 CBOMX pOAHTeMlx H CBoeM npe6bIBaHMM B ¥IHAMH
MHoroe He TOAbKO COMHHTeAbHO H HeTOqHO, HO M npOCTO He-
BepOHTHO. TaK, AypaHr3e6 CTaA npaBHTb He C 1660 rOAa, KaK
Y rHH - AxMeTa, a B3011IeA Ha npecToA B 1658 rOAY, OcpHU;MaAb-
HO >Ke KOpOHOBaACH B 1659 rOAY; PacpH-YA-AapClA>KaT (yrMH-
AxMeTa - «PacpHyeA TYAe») M PacpH-YA-AaYAe (AYBep6ar)
npaBHAH OAHH 3a APyrHM B nepBoH nOAOBHHe 1 719 rOAa, a
He B 1720 rOAY M T. A. J\HllIb eBponeeu; Mor no TPClAMU;MM Toro
BpeMeHH CqHTaTb CHHOHHMaMH CAOBa «HHAYC» H «6aHbHH» H
nHcaTb 0 TOM, qTO ero HK06bI OTnpaBHAH B «MOHaCTbIpb 6a-
HbHHOB», rAe 06yqaAH... yqeHHIO KOHCPYU;HH! 0 cpHAOCOcpHH
KOHCPYU;HH B Te BpeMeHa He 6bIAO, BepOHTHO, M3BeCTHO HH
OAHOMY MHAHHU;Y.
TOqHO TaK >Ke AHllIb eBponeeu; Mor HanHcaTb, qTO Koro-
TO «BbI6paAH MorOAOM» (B CMbICAe: npaBHTeAeM MoroAb-
CKOH HMnepMH), nOCKOAbKY B ¥IHAHH MorOAaMM Ha3bIBaAH
Bo06ru;e MYCYAbMaH ¥IHAOCTaHa. TeM 60Aee He MOrAH HHAY-
CbI npH3BaTb MYCYAbMaHHHa rHH-AxMeTa B 6paXMaHbI, KaK
OH YBepHeT, nOTOMY qTO qAeHOM KaCTbI 6paXMaHOB (KaK H
AI060H APyrOH) MO>KHO 6bIAO TOAbKO pOAHTbCH. BMeCTe C
TeM 3HaqHTeAbHaH qaCTb co06ru;eHHbIX caM03BaHu;eM CBeAe-
HHH 0 BeAHKHX MorOAax, npaBHBIlIHX B AeAH B nepBOH qeT-
BepTM XVIII BeKa, H 06 HX pOAcTBeHHbIx B3aHMOOTHOllIeHH-
HX OKa3bIBaeTCH BepHoH. 3TO YAHBHTeAbHO, nOToMY qTO B TO
BpeMH eBponeifU;bI He MMeAH CBOMX cpaKTopMH B CeBepHOH
¥IHAHM M 6bIAH BeCbMa nAOXO OCBeAOMAeHbI 0 C06bITHHX B
AeAH. npaBAa, caM rMH-AxMeT CqMTaA CTOAHu;eH HMnepMM
He AeAH, a Arpy. nO-BHAHMOMY, OH Bce >Ke n06bIBaA B ¥IH-
AHH HAH XOpOIliO 3HaA KaKorO-TO eBponeifu;a, npO>KHBllIerO
B ¥IHAHM MHoro AeT.
ECAM B POCCHH nOCAe neTpa I 6bIAH 60Aee OCBeAOMAe-
HbI 0 npHpoAHbIX YCAOBMHX caMoH ¥IHAHH, TO 0 cyxonyrHoM
nyrM B ¥IHAHIO, reorpacpHqeCKHX H nOAHTHqeCKHX TPYAHO-
CTHX, CBH3aHHbIX C HMM, B POCCMM He MMeAH nOqTH HHKaKO-
ro npeACTaBAeHMH. C 1640-x rOAOB M BnAOTb AO caMoro KOH-
u;a XVIII BeKa PYCCKHM Ka3aAOCb, AO ¥IHAMM PYKoif nOAaTb.
OTclOAa M >KClAHbIH MHTepec B POCCMM KO BCHKHM co06ru;e-
HMHM 0 nyrellIecTBHHx B ¥I HAM 10 M3 CpeAHeH A3MM M npM-
HMMaeMbIM Ha Bepy cpaHTaCTMqeCKMM CAyxaM, HanpMMep, 0
-84-
PYCCKaH I1H.D:Jt1H
=
=
TOM, qTO TaTapCKMe KyrrU;bI rOpOAa TapbI Ha ¥IpTbIllIe «rrpH-
e3>KMBaAM M3 TapbI B ¥IHAOCTaH BepXaMH B 16-H AeHb», OT-
clOAa H MHOrOqMCAeHHbIe, Y>Ke yrroMHHaBIliMeCH BbIllIe npo-
eKTbI YCTaHOBAeHHH nOCTOHHHOn TOprOBOH CBH3M C ¥IHAMen
qepe30peH6ypr.
HaAO A06aBHTb, qTO XOTH aHrAMHCKOe 3aBOeBaHHe ¥IHAHH
MCKAlOqaAO C cepeAMHbI XVIII BeKa B03MO>KHOCTb Al\5I Poc-
CMM rrpoHMKHoBeHMH B ¥I HAM 10 MOpCKHM rryreM, HO 6bIAO 6bI
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-85-
H.H. HerrOMH.Hll(MJ1:
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OllIH6KOH CqHTaTb, qTO HMeHHO 3TO 6bIAO OCHOBHbIM npen5IT-
CTBHeM H AMI KapaBaHHOH TOprOBAH, nOCKOAbKyaHrAHqaHe
3aBOeBaAJ1 AeAHHCKyro 06AaCTb AHllIb B HaqaAe XIX BeKa,
a neHAJI{a6 6bIA HMH 3aXBaqeH TOAbKO B 1846-1848 rOAax.
ToproBAe qepe3 CpeAHlO1O A3HIO H AcpraHHcTaH 60AbllIe
Bcero MellIaAH cpeOAaAbHbIe pacnpH, pa3BaA MOrOAbCKOH
MMnepHH H 06rn;HH YTIClAOK H pa30peHHe CeBepHoH HH-
AHH, nOABeprllIeHC5I HallIeCTBH5IM HClAHp-lliaxa H3 nepcHH H
AxMClA-lliaxa H3 AcpraHHcTaHa, cpeOAaAbHbIe CMyrbI B nep-
CHH, a TaK>Ke reorpacpHqeCKHe TPYAHOCTH, CTaHOBHBIlIHeC5I
HenpeOAOAHMbIMH B YCAOBH5IX, KorAa KapaBaH Mor npoABH-
raTbC5I AHllIb nOA OqeHb CHAbHbIM BoeHHbIM 3CKOpTOM.
BnepBbIe 060 BceM 3TOM 6bIAO OCPHQHaAbHO CKa3aHO
opeH6yprcKHM BoeHHbIM ry6epHaTopoM H.H. EaxMeTbeBbIM
AHllIb B KOHQe 1800 rOAa, OAHaKO M OH nOMep>KHBaA HAelO
YCTaHoBAeHH5I cyxonyrHoH HHAHHCKOH TOprOBAH, npeAAa-
ra5I AHllIb BbI6paTb TPClAHQHOHHyro AOpory HHAHHCKHX Kyn-
QOB - H3 ACTpaxaHM no KacnMIO H qepe3 nepcHIO.
Ba>KHO, qTO Bce nOHCKM nyreH B HHAHIO, npoBoAHBIlIHe-
C5I B TeqeHHe nOAyropa cToAeTHH, 6bIAH BbI3BaHbI cTpeMAe-
HMeM K MHpHOM ToproBAe, HO OTHIOAb He npoeKTaMH BoeH-
Horo 3aBOeBaHH5I CTpaHbI. KorAa, HanpHMep, B 1723 rOAY K
neTPY I, no AOHeceHHIO A.H. OCTepMaHa, C06HpaAC5I exaTb
KaKoH-To rOAAaHAeQ, qT06bI npeAcTaBHTb eMY npoeKT 3aBO-
eBaHH5I qaCTH HHAHH, neTp OTKa3aAC5I npMH5ITb aBTopa BO-
MHCTBeHHoro npoeKTa.
npHMep aHrAo-cppaHQY3cKOH 60pb6bI 3a nOKopeHMe HH-
AHH He H3MeHMA xapaKTepa PYCCKOH nOAHTHKH B 3TOM OTHO-
llIeHHH. POCCH5I npOqHO CTpeMHAaCb YCTaHOBHTb C HHAMeH
APY>KeCTBeHHbIe OTHOllIeHH5I M, KaK MbI BHAeAH, nOCTaBHAa
HHAHHQeB B CBoeM co6CTBeHHOM rOCYAapCTBe B qpe3BbIqaH-
HO 6AarOnpM5ITHbIe YCAOBM5I...
IlEPBbIM J1HL(J1MCKJ1M IlOXOL(.
K J1HL(J1J1!.
=
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BOCTOK MaHMA u;apH He MeHbllIe EBpOnbI. rIocAe raHryr-
CKoro MopCKoro Cpa>KeHHH B 1714 rOAY CTaAO HCHO, qTO no-
6eAa B CeBepHoH BOHHe OKOHqaTeAbHO CKAOHHeTCH Ha CTO-
POHY POCCMM. I4apb rIeTp Y>Ke npopy6HA BOJKAeAeHHoe OKHO
B EBpony, TBepAoH HoroH BCTaA Ha EaATHKe. Ho Ka3Ha ony-
CTeAa, pecypcbI rocYAapcTBa HCTO HAHCb. Aa H 3aBoeBaH-
Hoe «OKHO B EBpony» CAeAOBaAO e e HanOAHHTb ToprOBbIM
cOAep>KaHMeM. TPClAHU;HOHHbIe TOBapbI, KOTopbIe MorAa
npeAAO>KMTb 3anClAY POCCMH, - XAe6, neHbKa, AeH, BOCK -
He CYAHAH 6aCHOCAOBHbIX 6apbIllieH. f:¥\5I 3KOHOMMqeCKOrO
CKaqKa Tpe60BaACH KaKOH-TO HeCTaHAapTHbIH XOA. PactKa-
3bIBaeT MCTOpHK B. HeqHnOpeHKO:
- E e BeCHOH Toro >Ke, 1714 rOAa rBapAHM nopyqMK KHH3b
AA.eKCaHAP EeKOBMq-"4epKaccKHH opraHH30BaA BCTpeqy u;apH
rIeTpa co 3HaTHbIM rypKMeHoM XONKOH HecpeCOM. TOT co06-
HA, qTO Ha AMyAapbe, B XHBHHCKOM H EyxapCKOM xaHcTBax,
HaMbIBalOT HeMaAO 30AOToro neCKa. rIoBeAaA TYPKMeH H 0 TOM,
qTO Y36eKCKHe xaHbI OTBeAH PYCAO AMyAapbH B ApaAbCKOM
Mope. PaHbllIe, MOA, BeAHKa5I peKa BnClAaAa B KacnHH, H TorAa
no HeH MO>KHO 6bIAO A06paTbCH AO 30AOTOHOCHbIX MeCT AO ca-
MOH I1HAHH. OnaCa5ICb, qTO pYCCKHe 3axOTHT BOCnOAb30BaTbCH
npeHM)'llJ;eCTBaMH 3Toro YA06Horo BOAHoro rryrM, xaHbI pacno-
P5IAHJU1Cb OTBeCTH AMyAapblO B ApaA, neperopOAHB ee CTapoe
PYCAO 3eMA5lHOH TIAOTHHOH. Pa306paTb 3ry TIAOTMHY HeCAO>K-
HO, M TorAa BOAa onHTb nOTeqeT B KacnHH.
Hecpec KAHACH, qTO ero COOTeqeCTBeHHHKH rOTOBbI nOMOqb
PYCCKHM B nOXOAe qepe3 6e3BOAHbIe neCKH H CTenH. CBeAe-
HMH OT XONKM Hecpeca yrOAHAH, qTO Ha3bIBaeTCH, B H6AOqKO.
EYKBaAbHO HaKaHYHe, B KOHu;e 1713 rOAa, cM6MpCKHH
reHepaA-ry6epHaTop KHH3b MaTBeH rIeTpOBHq rarapMH co-
06m;HA rIeTPY, qTO Ha CbIPAapbe, B paHoHe ropoAa 3pKeT,
H3AaBHa MOIOT 30AOTOH neCOK. CAYXH 0 cpeAHea3HaTcKoM
30AOTe nocrynaAH M H3 ApyrMX MCTOqHHKOB.
-87-
H.H. HerrOMH.HIIJ:MM
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Ho KYAa u;eHHee 30AOTa AMI neTpa 6bIAO C006rn;eHHe 0
B03MO>KHOCTH AOCTMqb l1HAMH qepe3 KacnHM BOAHbIM ny-
TeM, nOBepHYB CTOK AMYAapbH B CTapoe PYCAO. "4epe3 CH-
CTeMY KaHaAOB, CqMTaA u;apb, 3TOT BOAHbIH nyrb MO>KHO 6y-
AeT npOMHTb AO EaATHKH, nOAyqHB 3aBeTHbIH KAlOq OT rAaB-
Horo M HaH60Aee YA06Horo ToprOBoro MapIIlpyra Me y
BOCTOKOM H 3an(lAOM. BnpOqeM, H cpeAHea3HaTCKoe 30AOTO
HeAb3H 6bIAO c6paCbIBaTb CO CqeTOB.
neTp H npe e 3HaA 0 TOM, qTO ern;e B HeAaBHHe BpeMe-
Ha AMYAapbH TeKAa B KacnHH. 06 3TOM CBMAeTeAbCTBOBaAH
MHorHe 3an(lAHOeBpOneHcKHe HCTOqHHKH. 11 BOT Tenepb BbI-
HCHHAOCb, qTO peKa nepeMeHMAaCBoe PYCAO He H3 KanpH-
30B npHpOAbI, a no BOAe BOCTOqHbIX xaHOB. YnYCTHTb TaKOM
HCTOpHqeCKHH IIlaHC u;apb He Mor.
He OTKA(lAbIBaH AeAa B AOATHH Hrn;MK, rIeTp Y>Ke B Mae
Toro >Ke 1 714 rOAa AaA CeHary PHA YKa30B no opraHH3aU;HH
BoeHHoH 3KcneAMU;HH B CpeAHlO1O A3HIO.
KOMaHAHpoM oTpHAa Ha3HaqaACH EeKOBHq-"4epKaccKMH.
1716 rog, cjJeBpaA5l 14. - 113 HMeHHoro YKa3a rIeTpa I
KOMaHAHpy XHBHHCKOH 3KcneAMU;HH KanHTaHY A. EeKo-
BHqy-"4epKaccKoMY - 0 nOCbIAKe nopyqHKa A.l1. KO>KHHa
B l1HAHIO.
(A. 39) (/)eBPQMl B 14 geHb.
YKa3 KanumaHY om rBapguu Kl-lR31O lJepKaCCKOMY.
(A. 40) ...7. TalUKe npocumb Y Hero CygOB U Ha HUX omny-
cmumb KynllUHY no AMMY-Aapbe peKe B bIHgelO, HaKa3aB,
IImo6 U3'beXQA ee, nOKa Cygbl Morym ummumb, U ommOAb 6bl
eXQA B bIHgUIO, npUMellaR peKU U 03epa U onUCblBaR BOgR-
Hoii U cyxoii nymb, a OC06AUBO - BOgRHOii K HHgUU molO UAU
gpyruMu peKaMU, U B03Bpamumu,a U3 HHgUU meM )J{e nymeM,
UAU, e)J{eAU YCAbIUlUm B bIHgeu e e Aymlleii nymb K Kacnu-
CKOMY MOplO, mo OHblM B03Bpamumu,a U onucamb.
Eygyllu y XUBUHCKoro xaHa, npoBegamb U 0 6yxapCKOM, He
MOIIHO AU ero, xomR He B noggaHcmBo (e)J{eAU moro HeAb3R
3geAamb), HO B gpY)J{6y npUBecmu maKUM)J{e MaHupOM, u60 U
maM maKO )J{ xaHbl 6egcmBYlOm om noggaHHbLX.
,4AR Bcero cero HagAe)J{um gamb peryA5lpHblX llemblpe mbl-
CRIIU lleAOBeK, CygOB U CKOAbKO nompe6HO, rpaMombl KO o6e-
UM xaHaM, malUKe KynlluHe K xaHaM )J{e U K MarOAY.
-88-
PYCCKaH MH.D:MH
=
=
(A. 4006.) 10.113 MOpCKUX ocjJuu,epOB nopymlluKa KO)J{uHa
U HaBuramOpoB ll.eAOBeK nRmb UAU 60Aee nocAamb, KOmopblx
ynompe6Umb B 06e nOCbLAKU, nepBaR nog 06pa30M KynlluHbl,
gpyraR K 3pKemU.
...nopymllUKY KO)J{UHY npuKa3amb, llm06 OH maM P03-
BegQA 0 npRHblX 3eAbRX U 0 gpyrux maBapax, U KaK gAR cero
geAa, maK U gAR omnYCKY maBapOB npugamb eMY, KO)J{UHY,
gBYX lleAOBeK g06pblx AIOgeu UC KynellecmBa U llm06 OHble
6bLAU He cmapbl.
no CUM nYHKI11.aM rocnogaM CeHamy C AymlleIO peBHocmuIO
cue geAo KaK HaUCKopRR omnpaBumb, nOHe)J{e 3eAO HY)J{HO.
Hag nYHKI11.0M 13 HagnucaHo PYKOU nempa I: X KO)J{UHY.
4-u nYHKI11.. CMompemb KaKue mOBapbl U OC06AUBO npRHblR
3eAUU U npomllee, llmo ugem, u311Hguu.
wr AM. rOcapxHB, pa3p. IX. Ka6HHeT fleTpa I. 3arrHc-
Ha5I KHHra YKa30B 1716 r., A. 39-40 06. OTrrycK. Orry6A. B c6.
«MaTepHaAbI BoeHHo- e6Horo apXMBa rAaBHoro' IlITa6a»,
T. I. Cfl6., 1871. C. 213-215.
1716 roga, cjJeBpaMl 14. HMeHHoH YKa3 fleTpa I rrop MKY
A.H. KO)KHHY.
YKa3 nopymlluKY KO)J{UHY B 14 geHb cjJeBpaMl B Au6ay
1716.
1. Examb eMY, KaK ero omnycmum KanumaH-nopymlluK
KHR3b lJepKacKOU AAeKcaHgp EeKoBull, BOgOIO AMMY-AapbeIO
peKoIO (UAU UHblMU, omKOU B Hee BnQAU) U CKOAbKO B03MO)J{HO
go I1Hguu nog 06pa30M KynlluHbl, a HacmoRw,ee geAa - ga6bl
go I1Hgu'u nymb BOgRHOU CblCKamb.
2. 11 Korga y)J{e HeAb3R 6ygem examb BOgOIO, mo ommOAb
examb CYXUM nymeM B bIHgUIO U maM p03BegblBamb 0 mOM)J{e
maUHblM 06pa30M.
3. Ha3ag B03Bpamumu,a meM )J{e nymeM, pa3Be e)J{eAU YBe-
gaem ew,e UHOU cnoc06HeuUlUU nymb BOgRHOU, mo UM B03-
Bpamumu,a, U Be3ge, KaK BOgRHblM, maK U CYXUM nymeM, Bce
onUCblBamb U geAamb Kapmy.
4. OCMompumb, KaKue maBapbl, a OC06AUBO npRHblR 3eAbU
U npomllee, llmo ugem U3 I1Hguu.
5. npomllee, ll.ero 3gecb U He onucaHO, a B lleM MO)J{em
6blmb UHmepec rocygapcmBa, CMompumb U onUCblBamb.
-89-
H.H. HerrOMHHIIJ:J1J1:
= =
Wf MA, ep. fOCapXHB, pa3p. IX. Ka6HHeT neTpa I. 3anHc-
Ha51 KHHra HMeHHblX YKa30B, 1716 r., A. 49. OTnycK. nYHK-
TbI 1-3 YKa3a - aBTorpaep neTpa I. Ony6A. B 1 nC3, T. V,
NQ 2994.
3TOT AID6HMeQ neTpa npoHcxoAHA H3 Ka6apAHHcKHX
KH5I3eH H B AeTCTBe HOCHA HM5I AaBAeT-KH3AeH-Myp3a.
CbI3MaAbCTBa OH 6bIA B351T KO ABOpy PyccKoro Qap5l, n03A-
Hee BMeCTe C APyrHMH oTnpblcKaMH 3HaTHblX pOAOB HanpaB-
AeH M5f. ytIe6bI B EBpony. KH5I3b nOAytIHA 6AeCT5IIIJ;ee no TeM
BpeMeHaM o6pa30BaHHe C y-KAOHOM Ha MopenAaBaHHe H KO-
pa6AecTpoeHHe. He qYJKAaAC5I MOAOAOH KH5I3b AAeKcaHAP
H rocYAapcTBeHHblx 3a60T. TaK, BepHYBIlIHCb B POCCHIO, OH
npeACTaBHA QaplO AeTaAbHbIH npoeKT 3aMHpeHH5I KaBKa3a.
H BOT Tenepb HMeHHO eMY neTp AOBepHA ocyrn;ecTBAeHHe
CBoeH AaBHeH MeqTbI no HaAa)KHBaHHIO npOqHOrO ToprOBO-
ro MOCTa BocToK-3anClA.
Ka3aHCKHH ry6epHaTOp CaATbIKOB H aCTpaxaHCKHH BO-
eBOAa "4HpHKOB nOAytIHAM OT Qap51 pacnOp5l)KeHHe 0 6e3Y-
CAOBHOM BblnOAHeHHH Bcex Tpe60BaHHH EeKOBHqa.
P5IAOM C EeKOBHqeM HeOTAytIHO HaXOAHAC5I XOAJKa He-
epec. OHH 6eCeAOBaAH qaCaMH, H T)'PKMeH nOAPo6HO OTBe-
qaA Ha Bce BonpOCbI KH5I351.
J\eTO H 3HaqHTeAbHYlO qaCTb oceHH EeKOBHq npOBeA B
Ka3aHH H ACTpaxaHH, OTAaBa51 Bce CBoe BpeM5I nOArOTOBKe
3KcneAHQHH.
1716 roga, cjJeBPQAR 14. nHCbMO KaHQAepa f.H. fOAOBKH-
Ha ceKpeTaplO nOCOAbCKOH KaHQeMlpHH n.B. Kyp6aToBY.
KonH5I C nHCbMa, oTnpaBAeHHoro K rocnoAHHY ceKpeTa-
plO Kyp6aToBY.
rocnoguH ceKpemapb. nOHe)l{e ero u,apcKoe BeAU1l.e-
cmBO U3BOAUA onpegeAumb KHR3b AAeKcaHgpy EeKOBU1l.lO-
lJepKacKoMY examb nOCAOM K XUBUHCKOMY xaHY, a K 6yxap-
CKOMY xaHY U K MoroAY uHgeiicKoMY nOCAamb Kyn1l.UH, moro
pagu nUCQA R B CeHam, C Komoporo npu ceM npUAaraemcR
cnUCOK, 1l.mo6 OHU me6e npUKa3QAU Hanucamb Bepyw,ue rpa-
Mombl K HUM U, BblCMompR, BeAeAU 3ane1l.amamb. 11 gAR moro
nOCblAalO C mumYAOB, KaKOBbl nUCblBaHbl K xaHOM XUBUHCKO-
MY U 6yxapCKOMY, cnuCKu, npomUB moro MO)l{eUlb Hanucamb
-90-
PYCCKa51 I1H.D:J1H
=
=
BeplOw,ue, U llepHble CHallQAY npOIlUmamb UM. A nomOM Korga
npuKa)J{ym Ha6eAo Hanucamb, cnpaBRcb U oCBegoMRcb UMRH-
HO 0 xaHCKUX UMRHax, KInO HblHe XUBUHCKUM U 6yxapcKuM, a 0
mumYAe MorOAa uHgeiicKoro MO)J{eUlb chpaBumbcR B nOCOAb-
CKOM npuKa3e, U 0 mOM nucamb K MOCKBe K ceKpemapRM, u60
U3BOAUA ero u,apCKoe BeAUllecmBO CKa3blBamb, Ilmo om KHR3b
nempa I1BaHOBulla np030pOBCKoro nOCblAaH 6blA myga Kyn-
IlUHa, U llaRmb, Ilmo CHUM rpaMoma nOCAaHa 6blAa. A Kynllu-
Hbl UMRHa HanUUleUlb B rpaMome, 0 Komopblx 06'bRBUm OH,
KHR3b AAeKcaHgp EeKoBull, om Komoporo 0 ero nOCblAKe 6y-
geUlb cBegoM, U no mOMY me rpaMombl U HanUUleUlb. A Ka-
KOBbl OHblR HanucaHbl 6ygym, 0 mOM KO MHe nuUlU U npuWAU
C OHblX cnUCKU. M e)J{eAU Ilmo ew,e nOBeAum CeHam BaM UC-
npaBumb KO omnYCKyero, KHR3b AAeKcaHgpa EeKOBUlla, mo C
BOAU UX IlUHumb. A B rpaMome BeplOw,eii K XUBUHCKOMY xaHY
HagAe)J{um npunucamb U 06 omnycKe CHUM XUBUHCKoro no-
CAa, Komopoii ygep)J{aH B AcmpaxaHu. TaKo)J{ U 0 moii Mame-
puu, 0 Komopoii CHUM, nOCAOM, nucaHO 6blAO B rpaMome, Hag-
Ae)J{um B my BeplOw,ylO BHecmu, nOHe)J{e y XUBUHCKoro nOCAa
npe)J{HlOlO rpaMomy BeAeHO om06pamb.
raBpUAa rOAOBKUH.
113 Au6ay B 14 geHb cjJeBPQAR 1716 rogy.
nOAyqeHo B 4-ii geHb Mapma.
wr AM, cpo nOCOAbCKHH rrpHKa3. CHOllIeHH5I POCCHH C
XHBOH, 1716 r., A. I, A. I 06. KorrH5I.
HaKOHeIJ;, 7 H05l6p51 3KCrreAHIJ;H5I - OKOAO ABYX TbIC5Iq
COAAaT, ocpHIJ;epOB H CrreIJ;HaAHCTOB - HarrpaBHAacb Ha ABYX
IlIxYHax H 27 cTpyrax K rypbeBY. Ho pa3bIrpaBllIa5lC5I 6yp51
3aCTaBHAa cpAOTHAHIO BepHyrbC5I B ACTpaxaHb. 3HMHee Bpe-
M5I EeKOBHq HcrrOAb30BaA M5f. rrocTpoHKH 20 HOBbIX CYAOB,
60Aee Ha.Ae)KHbIX H 6bICTpOXOAHbIX.
n03AHeH BecHoH - 25 arrpeMl 1715 rOAa - 3KCrreAHIJ;H5I
OTrrAbIAa H3 ACTpaxaHH H 6AarorroAytIHo AOCTHrAa rypbeBa.
3Aecb K EeKOBHqy rrpHBeAM KOqeBHHKoB-TYPKMeH, KOTOpbIX
OH AOM'O H rroAP06HO paccrrpallIHBaA 0 cTapoM pycAe. Ko-
qeBHHKH rroATBepAHAM CBeAeHH5I, rroAytIeHHbIe KH5I3eM pa-
Hee OT XOAJKH Hecpeca, A06aBHB, qTO M5f. rroBopoTa peKH rro-
Tpe6yeTc5I rrpopbITb KaHaA AAHHOH 20 BepcT K 3aAHBY Kpac-
HbIe BopoTa.
-91-
H.H. HerrOMHHIIJ:J.1M
=
=
113 rypbeBa AOnAbIAM AO 3aAHBa T106- KaparaH Ha BOCTOq-
HOM n06epe)Kbe KaCnH5I. OTCIOAa OCHOBHbIe CHAbI 3KCneAH-
IJ;HH ABHHYAHCb 6eperOM MOp51 K 3aAHBY KpaCHbIe BOpOTa.
He60AbllIOH OTP5lA BO rAaBe C ABOp5lHaMH <DeAopoBbIM H
3BaHbIM 6bIA nOCAaH B pa3BeAKY M5f. OCMOTpa CTapOrO PYCAa
AMYAapbH H npOBepKH CBeAeHHH, nOAyqeHHbIx OT KOqeBHM-
KOB. BMeCTe C pa3BeAqHKaMH OTnpaBHAC5I H XOAJKa Hecpec.
OT TlO6-KaparaHa pa3BeAqHKH IlIAH AeC5ITb AHeH no 3a-
6pOllIeHHbIM KapaBaHHbIM TponaM, nOKa He AOCTHrAH peKH
Kaparaq. 3a HeH OHH YBHAeAH BHynIHTeAbHbIH 3eMMlHOH
BaA BbICOTOH Ca)KeHb C qeTBepTblO, IlIHpHHOH TPH Ca)KeHH
H MHHOH n5lTb BepCT. HeBAaAeKe 3a BaAOM TeKAa AMYAapb5l.
OT BaAa B HanpaBAeHHH KacnH5I T5IHYAaCb cyxa51 AOAHHa, KO-
TOpa5l, no YBepeHH5IM Hecpeca, KaK pa3 H 5IBMlAaCb CTapbIM
PYCAOM BeAMKOH peKH.
AOKAaA, C KOTOpbIM pa3BeA qHKH npH6bIAM B Aarepb Y
KpaCHbIX BOPOT, OKOHqaTeAbHO y6eAHA EeKOBHqa B peaAb-
HOCTH 3aTe5lHHOrO npeAnpH5ITH5I. KH5I3b Tyr )Ke COCTaBHA
AOHeceHHe H HanpaBHA ero C rOHIJ;OM neTPY. BMeCTe C TeM
6bIAO 5ICHO, qTO M5f. BbInOAHeHH5I CTOAb OTBeTCTBeHHOH MHC-
CHH nOTpe6yeTC5I 60Aee nOArOTOBAeHHa51 3KCneAHIJ;H5I. Ee-
KOBHq OTAaA KOMaHAY rpY3HTb Kopa6AH.
OceHblO 1 715 rOAa 3KCneAHIJ;HOHHbIH Kopnyc B nOAHOM
COCTaBe BepHYAC5I B ACTpaxaHb. KH5I3b He3aMeMHTeAbHO
BbIeXaA B CTOAHIJ;Y.
neTp HaXOAHAC5I B MHTaBe*, oTKYAa AHqHO PYKOBOAHA
AeHCTBH5IMH apMHH npoTMB IlIBeAOB B npH6aATHKe. HecMo-
Tp51 Ha 3aH5ITOCTb, IJ;apb OTAO)KHA Bce AeAa, qT06bI BbICAY-
llIaTb EeKOBHqa H nOCTaBHTb nepeA HMM KOHKpeTHbIe 3aAa-
qH KacaTeAbHO BOCTOqHOrO nOXOAa. B qaCTHOCTH, EeKOBHqy
npeACT05lAO: H3yqHTb B03MO)KHOCTM nOBepHyrb AMYAapblO
B cTapoe PYCAO, onpeAeAMB, «CKOAbKO K TOH pa60Te nOTpe6-
HO AIOAeH»; nOAqHHHTb XHBY POCCHH H nonbITaTbC5I CAeAaTb
TO )Ke caMoe B OTHOllIeHHH EyxapbI; BbI5ICHHTb B TOqHOCTH
MeCTa, rAe MOIOT 30AOTOH neCOK; pa3BeAaTb HOBbIH nyrb B
I1HAHIO M no B03MO)KHOCTH 3aB5I3aTb ToprOBbIe OTHOllIeHM5I
C 3TOH CTpaHOH.
* MumaBa - CTOAI1 a KYPMl HAI1 11 , C 1917 rOAa - EAraBa B
J\aTBI1I1.
-92-
PYCCKaH I1H.D:Ji1H
=
=
OeTp OrpaHHqHAC5I AHpeKTI1BaMH, OH HaMeTI1A 11 crroco-
6bI AOCTH)KeHH5I Ka>KAOH u;eAH. TaK, rrpH BrrClAeHHH CTapO-
ro PYCAa AMYAapbH B KaCrrHH EeKOBHqy HClAl\.e)KaAO B03Be-
CTH «KperrOCTb qeAOBeK Ha TbIC5Iqy» KaK OrrOpHYIO 6a3Y M5f.
AaAbHeHllIerO rrpOABH)KeHH5I B rAy6b CpeAHeH A3HH. OOCAe
pa3pyrneHI151 3eMMlHOM rrAOTHHbI (OeTp rrOBepHA, qTO pa3-
BeAqHKH BHAeAI1 HMeHHO rrAOTHHY) H rrOBOpOTa peKH B6AH-
3H 3TOrO MeCTa CAeAOBaAO rrOCTpOHTb BTOPYIO KperrOCTb,
Aa6bI BOCrrperr5lTCTBOBaTb rrOrrbITKaM XaHOB BHOBb B351Tb CH-
ryaU;HIO rroA CBOM KOHTpOAb. OeTp oc060 rroA qepKHBaA, qTO
XHBY 11 Eyxapy cAeAyeT CKAOHHTb Ha CBOIO CTOPOHY Ml1p-
HbIMH CpeACTBaMH, HeYCTaHHbIMH 3aBepeHH5IMH B APY)K6e.
11 B XHBe, H B Eyxape MeCTHbIe cpeOAaAbI HepeAKO YCTpaH-
BaAH 3arOBOpbI H CBepraAH CBOHX XaHOB C rrpeCTOAa. OeTp
6bIA rOTOB rapaHTHpOBaTb XaHaM HaCAeACTBeHHbIe rrpaBa,
a TaK)Ke rrpeAOCTaBHTb HM M5f. AHqHOH oxpaHbI PYCCKYIO
rBapAHIO B 06MeH Ha BepHOCTb H PClAeHHe «B HallIHX HHTe-
pecax». XaHaM H HaH60Aee 3HaTHbIM BeAbMO)KaM, rOBopHA
OeTp, He06xOAHMO BpyqHTb OT ero HMeHH 60raTbIe rroAap-
KH. OAHaKO H rropox Tpe60BaAOCb Aep)KaTb CYXHM. Oc060e
BHHMaHHe OeTp YAeAI1AI1 3ClAaqe pa3BeAaTb BOAHbIH rryrb B
I1HAHIO. He06xOAHMO 6bIAO B TOqHOCTH BbI5ICHHTb, B03MO)K-
HO All rro AMYAapbe AOCTHqb 3TOH CTpaHbI. ECAM Aa, TO CAe-
AOBaAO rrOAP06HO orrHcaTb BeCb MapllIpyr, a TaK)Ke H3yqHTb
APyrl1e, 6bITb MO)KeT, 60Aee YA06HbIe rryrH. C 3TOM u;eAblO K
3KCrreAI1U;HH rrpHKOMaHAHpOBbIBaAaCb oc06a51 rpyrrrra «Kyrr-
qHH», HaxOAI1BllII1XC5I B pacrrOp5l)KeHHH rropyqHKa KO)KHHa,
HaBHraTopa H KapTorpacpa.
OeTp HeOAHOKpaTHO rroA qepKHBaA, qTO EeKOBHq AOAJKeH
Ha3bIBaTb CBOH OTP5lA rrOCOAbCTBOM 11 Tpe60BaTb OT rrOAqH-
HeHHbIX A06poro OTHOllIeHH5I K MeCTHOMY HaCeAeHI1IO.
OT "u;ap51 EeKOBl1q BbIllIeA B ql1He rBapAeMCKoro Karrl1TaHa.
1716 rog, Mapma 17. rpaMoTa OeTpa I K 6yxapcKoMY xaHY.
rpaMoma K 6yxapcKoMY BAagemeAlO C KynlluHolO.
nOCAQAU Mbl, BeAuKuu rocygapb HaUle u,apcKoe BeAUlle-
cmBO, llpe3 EyxapcKYlO 3eMAlO B bIHgulO KynlluHY AAeKcaHgpa
l1BaHoBa CblHa KO)J{uHa U me6e EyxapcKue 3eMAU BAageme-
AlO xaHY, mOMY HaUleMY KynlluHe n03BOAumb llpe3 mBOlO 3eM-
AlO C 06pemalOll1,UMUCR CHUM AlOgbMU U C mOBapbl cBo6ogHO
-93-
H. H. HerrOMH5I:rn:Ji1M
=
=
npoexamb U B npomlleM no IlUHY ero HQAe)J{aw,ylO UMemb U
ynompe6A5lmb BOAbHOCmb U B mpe60BaHURX ero yquHumb eMY
BcnoMo)J{eHue, KaK myga egyw,eMY, maK U Ha3ag B03Bpaw,y-
w,eMycR, 3a Ilmo B rocygapcmBe HaUleM mBOUM npucAaHHblM
06ew,aeM Mbl, BeAUKUu. rocygapb, HaUlY MUAocmb U 6AaroBo-
AeHue nOKa3blBamb.
llucaH B HaUleM ll,apcmBYlOw,eM rpage CaHKlTI-llumep-
6ypre Aema om po)J{ecmBa XpucmOBa 1716-ro Mapma 17 gHR,
rocygapcmBoBaHuR HaUlero 34-ro rogy.
(nog meKcmOM Ha A. I 06.) llucaHa Ha QAeKcaHgpUu.cKOM
MeHbUlOM Aucmy 3acmaBull,elO c KOpOHOlO U no cmopoHaM
npoBegeHbl cpUryPbl, 3anellamaHa MQAOU. pOCCUU.CKOlO nella-
mblO omBopllecmolO, K)lcmoguR rAamKoe.
TUIIlAO rocygapeBo nucaHO nO-MOCKOBCKU 30AomOM; xaH-
CKoe mUIIlAO - no HaUle ll,apcKoro BeAUllecmBa n03gpaBAe-
Hue - 30AomOM; Ha UMR KaK U B HallQAe, maK U B 060pome
Mecma ocmaHOBAeHbl.
wr AM, cpo nOCOAbCKHH rrpHKa3, CHOllIeHH5I POCCHH C
EyxapoH, rpaMoTa NQ 20, A. I 06. OTrrycK.
Bo BTOpOH IIOAOBHHe CeHT5I6p51 1 716 rOAa 3KCrreAHIJ;H5I
CHOBa ABHHYAacb K BOCTOqHOMY II06epe)KblO KacrrH5I. Te-
IIepb 3TO 6bIAa IJ;eAa51 apMH5I H3 70 CYAOB, Ha KOTOpbIX pa3Me-
CTHAMCb 60Aee 5 TbIC. qeAOBeK - 3 rreXOTHbIX H 2 Ka3aQbHX
rrOAKa, 500 rreH3eHCKHX H 100 aCTpaxaHcKHx AparyH, apTHA-
AepHcTbI, HH)KeHepbI H cTpoHTeAH, a TaK)Ke KyrrIJ;bI, rrOAb5l-
qHe, rrepeBOAqHKH, AeKapH...
K 3TOMY BpeMeHH 3aTpaTbI Ha BOCTOqHbIH rroxOA Y)Ke co-
CTaBHAH IIOp5lAKa 220 TbIC. Py6. - CyMMY 6acHocAoBHYIO, Aa
ern;e rrpH rrycToH Ka3He! 3TO AMIlIHHM pa3 AOKa3bIBaeT, Ka-
Koe 3HaqeHMe rrpMAaBaA neTp ocyrn;ecTBAeHMIO CBoeH HAeM
rrpopy6HTb «OKHO B I1HAHIO». 9 OKT5I6p51 cYAa rrpHqaAMAH y
3HaKOMoro 6epera B 3aAHBe TlO6-KaparaH, rAe HX BCTpeTHA
XONKa Hecpec C He60AbllIOH CBHTOM. 3Aecb EeKOBHq OCTa-
BMA rreXOTHbIH rrOAK IIOAKOBHMKa Xpyrn;eBa, IIOpyqHB TOMY
CTpOHTb KperrOCTb, XOT5I B MHCTPYKIJ;M5IX neTpa TaKOM rrYHKT
OTCyrCTBOBaA. HMo rrOAaraTb, HMeHHO rro 3TOH rrpHqMHe
Me>KAY EeKOBHqeM M KO)KMHbIM, KOTOpbIH Aep)KaAC5I rrOA-
qepKHyro He3aBHCHMO, rrpoH3011IAa rrepBa51 KpyrrHa51 pa3-
MOABKa. KO)KMH AOKa3bIBaA, qTO MeCTHOCTb Tyr rrYCTbIHHa5l,
-94-
PYCCKaH I1H.D:J1H
=
=
BOAa B KOAOAIJ;aX rHHAa5l, CAeACTBHeM qerO cTaHyr 60Ae3HH
B rapHH30He. Ho EeKOBHq HaCT05lA Ha CBOeM, YKa3aB, QTO
HMeHHO OTCIOAa HaqHHaeTC5I CTapa51 Aopora Ha XHBY.
no 3TOH Aopore KH5I3b HarrpaBHA B XHBY rrOCAOB C rpa-
MOTaMH H rrOAapKaMH. K xaHY lllepr03H rroeXaA ABOp5lHHH
BOpOHHH. ApyroMY ABOp5lHHHY - AAeKcelO CB5ITOMY - rro-
pyqaAOCb 06Xa)KHBaTb pOACTBeHHI1Ka xaHa, BAH5ITeAbHOrO
BeAbMO)KY KOAYM6a5l.
1716 rog, Mapma 31. VIMeHHoH YKa3 neTpa I rropyqHKY
A.VI. KO)KHHY.
B 31 geHb. K nopym1l.UKY KO)J{UHY, a nOCAaHO Ha n01l.me B
3-ii geHb anpeA5l.
Korga 6ygeUlb B Ocm-l1Hguu y MarOAa, Kynu gOBOAhHOe
1l.UCAO nmuu, 60AhUlUX BCRKUX, a UMRHHO cmpycoB, Ka3eapuy-
COB U npom1l.UX, malUKe U MQAblX BCRKUX pOgOB, malUKe 3Be-
peii BCRKUX )J{e pOgOB, a 60AhUle MQAblX BCRKUX )J{e .pOgOB, U
npuBe3u C C06010 6epe)J{HO.
{4f AM, focapxHB, pa3p. IX, Ka6HHeT neTpa I. 3arrHcHa51
KHHra HMeHHbIX YKa30B 1 716 r., A. 87. OTrrycK.
OAHOBpeMeHHO APyroe rrOCOAbCTBO BO rAaBe C ABOp5lHH-
HOM AaBbIAoBbIM 6bIAO HarrpaBAeHo K 6yxapcKoMY xaHY. Ho
A06HpaTbc5I AO EyxapbI AaBbIAoBY rrpeACT05lAO qepe3 nep-
CI1IO. AocTaBHTb ero MopeM B rrepcHAcKHH ropoA ACTpa6ClA
(fopraH) EeKOBHq rropyqHA KO)KHHY. 3aTeM OCHOBHbIe CHAbI
3KcrreAHIJ;HH ABHHYAI1Cb K 3aAHBY KpacHbIe BopoTa, rAe TaK-
)Ke 6bIAa 3aAO)KeHa KperrocTb Ha MeCTe 6YAyrn;ero ropoAa
KpacHoBoAcKa.
"4epe3 HeKoTopoe BpeM5I CIOAa rrpH6bIA KO)KHH, a C HHM
AaBbIAoB, TaK H He rrorraBIlIHH B Eyxapy. 06a 06"b5lCHHAI1,
qTO HpaHcKHe BAaCTH He rrporrYCTHAI1 rrOCOAbCTBO qepe3
CBOIO TeppHTOpl1lO.
He rrOBepl1B KO)KHHY, EeKOBHq TaHHo HarrpaBHA B ACTpa-
6ClA KH5I351 CaMoHoBa - Kpern;eHoro rrepCH5IHHHa, rroAyqHB-
llIero CBOM THTYA Ha PYCCKOM cAY)K6e.
TeM BpeMeHeM KO)KI1H pa3BHA 6ypHYlO Ae5lTeAbHOCTb.
OCMoTpeB MeCTHOCTb 11 rrpOBeAH P5lA Torrorpacpl1qeCKHX
C"beMOK, OH YBepeHHo 3a5lBI1A, qTO HI1KaKOrO cTaporo PYC-
-95-
H.H. HerrOMH5IIl(J1H
=
=
Aa 3AeCb HeT, qTO BOAa CaMOTeKOM Tyr He IIOHAeT H IIOTOMY
CTpOHTb KpeIIOCTb He I1MeeT CMbICAa. KpOMe Toro, «KyrrqH-
HbI» KO)KHHa C06paAH TpeBO)KHbIe CBeAeHH5I. HHKTO B CTe-
IIH He BepHA, qTO PYCCKl1e IIpHIlIAI1 C MHpOM. Bpa>KAOBaB-
IlIHe Me>KAY C060H XHBa H Eyxapa 51K06bI AorOBopHAHCb BO-
eBaTb BMeCTe IIpOTHB qY)KaKOB H Y)Ke rOTOBHAHCb K 60eBbIM
AeHCTBH5IM.
OAHaKO EeKOBHq He C06HpaAC5I BHHMaTb IIpeAOCTepe)Ke-
HH5IM KO)KHHa. KH5I3b 6bIA YBepeH B CBOHX CHAax. B KOHIJ;e
rOAa OH OTIIpaBHAC5I B ACTpaxaHb, qT06bI 3aBepllIHTb IIoAro-
TOBKY K pellialOrn;eMY 3TaIIY IIOXOAa. A qT06bI KO)KHH He MY-
THA BOAY B ero OTcyrcTBHe, KH5I3b B351A CTpOIITHBoro IIOpy-
qHKa C C060H.
BCKope B ACTpaxaHb IIpH6bIA H CaMOHOB, II06bIBaBllIHH
B ACTpa6ClAe. OH AOAO)KHA, qTO I1paHCKHe BAaCTH H He IIO-
MbIIliMlAI1 qHHHTb IIpeII5ITCTBHH AaBbIAOBY. Bce 3TO HHTPH-
rH KO)KHHa, oTroBopHBllIero IIOCAa OT pHcKoBaHHoH IIoe3A-
KI1 B Eyxapy.
Me>KAY EeKOBHqeM H KO)KHHbIM IIpoH3011IeA OqepeAHOH
KpyrrHbIH pa3roBop. EeKOBHq, KaK rAaBa 3KCIIeAHIJ;HH, IIO-
Tpe60BaA 6e30rOBOpOqHO BbIIIOAH5ITb Bce ero YKa3aHH5I. 3a-
KOHQI1AOCb TeM, qTO KO)KHH caMOBOAbHO oTIIpaBHAC5I B ne-
Tep6ypr, HaMepeBa5lCb y6eAHTb neTpa H MeHllIl1KOBa B IJ;e-
Aeco06pa3HocTH OTMeHbI IIoxOAa.
1716 rog, MaR 18. BbIIIHCb B CeHaTe 0 rpaMOTax PYCCKHX
IJ;apeH K IIClAI111IaXaM I1HAHH.
(A. 4206.) TaKoBa rpaMoma HanucaHa K cAywaHulO, 1l.meHa
B CeHame MauR B 7-M ga B 10-M 1l.UCAeX U npumoM gOKAagblBa-
HO 0 nog1l.ep1l.eHblX CAOBax. A UMRHHO.
1. B rpaMome 183-ro rogy, KomopaR BCR cnucaHa cero
mUIIlAa (rocygapb l1BepcKue (A. 43) 3eMAU, KapmQAUHCKUX U
rpY3uHcKUX Z1,apeu, U Ka6apguHcKue 3eMAU 1l.epKaCKux U rop-
CKUX KHR3eu) He nucaHO. A B gpyrux nucaHO Ab, cero B Bego-
Mocmu, C MOCKBbl npUCAaHHOU, He HanucaHO.
2. Bo 159 rogy B rpaMome om Z1,. B. K uHgeucKoMY waxy B
mUIIlAe nucaHO 6pamy HaweMY, BeAuKoMY rocygaplO. A BO
183 rogy - BeAeMo)J{HeuweMY 6pamy HaweMY, BeAuKoMY ro-
cygaplO. A B 203 rogy B npoe3)J{eu HanucaHO B mUIIlAe waxo-
Be npomUB rpaMombl 159 rogy - 6pamy HaweMY, BeAuKOMY
-96-
PYCCKa5I I1H.IJ:J.15I
=
=
rocygaplO, a BeAeMO)l(HeUUlaro He nucaHO, U HblHe B mUIIlAe
UlaXOBe BeAeMO)l(HeUUlaro nucamb AU?
3. B npe)l(HUX rpaMomax nucaHO K Ula:XOM uHgeucKoMY U
nepcuu,KoMY - 6pamoM. A BO 194 rogy no UMRAHOMY u,apcKo-
ro BeAU1l.eCmBa YKa3Y nepcuu,Koro Ulaxa 6pamoM nucamb He
BeAeHO U He nUUlemCR.
4.0 UMRHU, nOHe)l(e nogAuHHou BegoMocmu He uMeemu,a,
moro gA5l nOp03)l(ee Mecmo ocmaBAeHO Ha pa3cY)l(geHue KaK
Hanucamb, maK AU KaK B ne1l.amHOU HeMeu,KOU KHure 171.1 Ha-
nucaHO, UAU no CKaCKe B MocKBe uHgeuu,oB, UAU ocmaBumb
maK U 3a OmBOp1l.amOlO ne1l.amblO nOCAamb, U maMO, YBe-
gOMRCb, BeAemb Bnucamb.
5. HaUle u,apcKoro BeAU1l.eCmBa A106umeAbHoe n03gpaBAe-
Hue HU B Komopou rpaMome fA. 4306.) K uHgeucKoMY Ulaxy He
nucaHO. A K nepcuu,KoMY Ulaxy U K CQAIIlaHY mypeu,KoMY nu-
UlemCR.
6. B npe)l(HUX rpaMomax nucaHO, 1l.m06 mOBapbl Kyn1l.U-
He npogaBamb U nOKynamb 6ecnOUlAUHHO. 11 cue HblHe nu-
cambAU?
11 1716 MauR B 10 geHb. no YKa3Y BeAUKoro rocygapR npa-
BUmeAbCmBYlOUl,uu CeHam, cAYUlaB mou rpaMombl, npuro-
BOpUAU npomuB moro rpaMomy K Ulaxy uHgeucKoMY Hanu-
camb U nOCAamb. 11 B mUIIlAe u,apCKoro BeAU1l.eCmBa rocygapb
11BepCKue 3eMAU, KapmaAUHCKUX U rpY3UHCKUX u,apeu, U Ka-
6apguHcKue 3eMAU 1l.epKaCKUX U ropCKUX KHR3eu Hanucamb,
u60 moro K OgHOMY mOAbKO nepcuu,KOMY Ulaxy nucamb He Be-
AeHO. A B UlaXOBe mUIIlAe BeAeMO)l(HeUUleMY nucamb. A 6pa-
mOM, nOHe)l(e K nepcuu,KOMY Ulaxy no UMRHHOMY u,apCKoro Be-
AU1l.eCmBa YKa3Y nucamb He BeAeHo, fA. 44) mo U K HeMY He
nucamb. 11MR Hanucamb mo, Komopoe B ne1l.amHOU HeMeu,-
KOU KHure, uMRHyeMou AeKCUKOH, Hane1l.amaHOU B Aeunu,u-
re B 1711 rogy lllaYaAeM, u,apcKoro BeAU1l.eCmBa AlO6umeAb-
Hoe n03gpaBAeHue nucamb. 0 mOM, 1l.mo mOBapbl npogaBamb
U nOKynamb 6e3nOUlAUHHO, Hanucamb npomUB npe)l(HRrO
06blKHOBeHUR. LJmO)l( B mUIIlAe UlaXOBe Hanpegb cero nUCbl-
BaHO Bcea BOCm01l.HblR cmpaHbl nOBeAumeAlO, U mo omMe-
Humb, a Hanucamb KpOMe CAOBa Bcea npocmo BOCm01l.HblR
cmpaHbl nOBeAumeAlO.
wr AM, . flOCOAbCKHH rrpHKa3. CHOllIeHH5I POCCHH C
HHAMeM, A. 16, A. 4206. - 44.
-97-
H. H. HerrOMH5III])i1M
=
=
H(lAO CKa3aTb, qTO H EeKOBHq rrOHHMaA BCIO CAO>KHOCTb
CBOeH MHCCHH. B ACTpaxaHH OH rroAyqHA BeCTOqKY OT CBO-
HX rrOCAOB, OTrrpaBAeHHbIX B XHBY. BOpOHHHa rrpIfH5IAIf AYP-
HO. XaH lllepr03H HaXOAHAC5I B rroxoAe, H PYCCKOrO rrOCAa
COAep>KaAH cpaKTHqeCKH rroA apeCTOM. J\Ifllib 6AarOAap51 Ko-
AYM6alO, rroAyqHBllIeMY rrOAapKIf OT CB5ITOrO, YAaAOCb AO-
6HTbC5I M5I BOpOHHHa HeKOTOpOrO rrocAa6AeHH5I. B MapTe
1 71 7 rOAa BepHY AC5I H3 rroxOAa xaH lllepr03H. OH rrpIfH5IA
rrOCAOB, BbICAYllIaA HX, HO rrpOAOAJKaA YAep>KHBaTb B XHBe,
He AaBa51 HHKaKoro OTBeTa. B ropOAe, rrHCaA BOpOHIfH, 3a-
MeTHbI 51BHbIe rrpH3HaKH BoeHHbIX rrpHrOTOBAeHHH.
VITaK, H(lAe>KAbI rrpHBAeqb xaHa Ha CBOIO CTOPOHY He
OrrpaBAaAHCb, HO EeKOBHq rrOAaraA, qTO lllepr03H CTaHeT
CrOBOpqHBee, KorAa YBHAHT MOrn;b PYCCKoro BOHCKa.
B ACTpaxaHH EeKOBHq C06paA AOrrOAHHTeAbHbIe CHAbI,
K KOTOpbIM rrpHcoeAHHHAIfCb TaTapCKIfe, apM5IHCKHe If PYC-
CKHe KyrrIJ;bI.
Me>KAY TeM qHCAeHHOCTb OCHOBHoro KOHTHHreHTa He-
YKAOHHO CHH>KaAaCb. B HOBbIX KperrOCT5IX, KaK H rrpeACKa-
3bIBaA KO>KHH, HaqaAHCb 60Ae3HH. K MaIO 1717 rOAa B Ka>K-
AOM H3 ABYX rapHH30HOB yMepAo rro 500 qeAOBeK.
EeKOBHq H(lAe5lAC5I YCHAHTb CBOH OTP5lA 3a CqeT TYpKMeH,
KOTopbIe CTp(lAaAH OT rrpHTecHeHHH XHBHHCKHX cpeOAaAOB.
Ho T)'PKMeHbI COlO3HHqeCKHX HaMepeHHH He rrp05lBA5IAH.
HarrpOTHB, C006rn;HAH B XHBY 0 qHCAeHHOCTH If BoopY>Ke-
HHH PYCCKHX.
1716 rog, MaR 18. rpaMoTa neTpa I rrepcHAcKOMY llIaxy 0
rrporrycKe A.VI. KO>KHHa qepe3 nepcHIO B VIHAHIO.
fA. 51) EO)l(uero MUAocmulO Mbl, npeCBeIIlAeUUlUU U gep-
)l(aBHeUUluu BeAuKuu rocygapb, ll,apb U BeAuKuu KHR3b nemp
AAeKCeeBUll, Bcea BeAuKuR U MaAb15l U EeAh15l Pocuu caMogep-
)l(ell" U MHorux rocygapcmB U 3eMeAh BOCmOllHbLX U 3QAagHbLX
U ceBepHbLX omllUll U gegull U HacAegHuK U rocygapb U o6Aa-
a gameAb, HaUle ll,apcKOe BeAUlleCmBO, 06'bRBA.ReM llpe3 cue
BceM, KOMY Begamu HagAe)l(Um, a OC06AUBO BeAuKoMY rocyga-
pro ero UlQXOBY BeAUlleCmBY nepCUll,KoMY, llmo nOCAaH om Hac,
BeAUKoro rocygapR om HaUlero ll,apcKoro BeAUlleCmBa, KynllU-
Ha AAeKcaHgp l1BaHoB CblH KO)l(UH c HeKomopblMU Bew,aMU U
mOBapbl B rocygapcmBo ero UlQXOBa BeAUlleCmBa uHgeucKoro
-98-
PYCCKaH I1H.D:J1H
=
=
U gllR nOKYnKU maMO npo HaC, BeAUKoro rocygapR, nompe6HbLX
fA. 51 06.) uHgeu.cKux mOBapoB. Cero pagu Bcex 06AaCmeu., a
OC06AUBO ero UlQXOBO BeAUllecmBO nepCU4Koe, gpY)l(e6HO npo-
CUM noggaHHbLX)l(e UX ynpaBUmeAeu. ropogoB, Mecm U npucma-
Heu. MOpCKUX U KOMY rge KaKoe Ha 3eMAe U Ha Mope ynpaBAeHue
U HagcMompeHue npUKa3aHO U BBepeHO, 6AarOBOAUmeAbHO
)KeAaeM, ga6bl, BblUlenoMRHymoro nOCAaHHoro om Hac, BeAU-
Koro ro, cygapR KYnllUHY AAeKcaHgpa KO)l(UHa, co BceMU 06-
pemalOllI,uMucR npu HeM MopexogHblMU cygaMu, AlOgbMU, AO-
UlagbMu U Belll,bMU, He mOKMO cB060gHO U 6e3 3agep)l(aHUR KaK
B bIHgulO egylll,aro, maK U ommygy Ha3ag B03Bpalll,alOllI,erOCR
nponYCKamb, HO U Korga rge CAYllumCR eMY 3alleM B mOM nymu
ocmaHOBumbCR U n06blmb, mo eMY COU3BOAumb U B npomlleM
BCRKue npuRmHble BCnOMO)l(eHUR fA. 52) U 6AaroBoAeHuR OKa-
3blBamb, 3a llmo Mbl, BeAUKUu. rocygapb HaUle u,apcKoe BeAUlle-
cmBO, B3aUMHO B HaUlUX rocygapcmBQX mex 06AaCmeu., a oco-
6AUBO ero UlQXOBa BeAUllecmBa nepcuu,Koro noggaHHblM ma-
KUMU )l( Mepbl B03gaBamb nOBeAUM.
Bo cBugemeAbCmBO cero gaHa CUR HaUla u,apCKoro BeAU-lle-
cmBa rpaMoma 3a HaUlelO rocygapcmBeHHOlO nellamblO, B Ha-
UleM u,apcmBYlOllI,eM rpage CaHKlTI-llemep6ypre Aema om Po-
)l(eCmBa Xpucma cnaCumellR HaUlero 60ra 1716 MaR 18 gHR,
rocygapcmBoBaHuR HaUlero 34-ro rogy.
3anellamaHa MQAOU. pOCUU.CKOlO nellamblO.
llognucQA rpacjJ l1BaH AAeKceeBull MYCUH-llYUlKUH.
I4r AM, cpo nOCOAbCKHH IIpHKa3. CHOllIeHH5I POCCHH C
XHBOH, 1716 r., A. I, A. 51-52. OTIIYCK.
K KOHU;Y BeCHbI Y EeKOBHQa OCTaBaAOCb 2200 qeAOBeK,
IIpl1TOAHbIX K AaAbHeMY IIOXOAY. C 3THMH CHAaMH H ABHHY-
AHCb Ha XHBY. ll1AI1113BHAHCTbIM, Hel1CCAeAOBaHHbIM Maprn-
pyrOM: peKa 3M6a - ypOqHrn;e Eorary. 3aTeM IIoBepHYAI1 K
ApaAY H AOAro IlIAH 6eperoM MOp5l. Y KOAOAu;a LIHAbAaH c6e-
)KaAl1 IIOCAeAHHe TYPKMeHbI-IIpOBOAHHKH. OCTaAC5I OAHH
BepHbIM XONKa Hecpec. OH H IIOBeA OTP5lA KapaBaHHbIMH
TpOIIaMH OT KOAOAu;a K KOAOAU;Y.
CTpeM5ICb He AOBOAHTb AeAO AO BoeHHoro CTOAKHOBeHI151,
EeKOBHq BbICAaA BIIepeA OTP5lA B 100 Ka3aKOB IIOA KOMaH-
AOM KopeHToBa C III1CbMOM K XHBI1HCKOMY xaHY, B KOTOpOM
BHOBb 3a5lBA.HA 0 Ml1pHbIX HaMepeHI151X IIOCOAbCTBa.
-99-
H. H. HerrOMH.Hrn;Ji1J1:
=
=
Ha OAHOM M3 npMBaAOB B YCTbe AKKYA B Aarepb npMCKa-
KaAM rOHQbI OT KOpeHTOBa, C006m;MB, qTO nMCbMO nepeAaHO
M qTO CIOAa cAeAyeT nOCOA XMBMHCKOrO XaHa. BCTpeTMB no-
CAa, EeKOBMq BCHqeCKM 3aBepMA ero, qTO MAeT C MMpOM. no-
COA yeXaA K xaHY.
BCKope OTpHA BbIllieA B AOAMHY AMYAapbM, OTKYAa AO
XMBbI 6bIAO pyKOH nOAaTb.
3Aecb, Y 03epa AM6yrap, AOpory 3KcneAMQMM nperpClAM-
AM XMBMHCKMe BOMCKa.
TaK COBnaAO, qTO npaBAeHMe Wepr03M (1715-1727)
6bIAO nepMoAoM BOCCTaHOBAeHMH Morym;ecTBa XMBMHCKO-
ro xaHCTBa. XaH nOAO>KMA KOHeQ Me;KAoyco6MQaM, yKpenMA
CBOM n03MQMM, C06MpaA AaHb C nOKopeHHbIx nAeMeH. OH
qyaCTBOBaA ce6H YBepeHHo M B KOHQe KOHQOB CKAOHMACH K
BoeHHoMY pellIeHMIO B03HMKllIeH np06AeMbI.
EoeBoe CTOAKHOBeHMe 6bIAO HeM36e>KHo.
1716 rog, MaR 18. rpaMoTa neTpa I nClAMllIaXM HHAMM
A>KaxaHAap Waxy 0 nOCbIAKe B HHAMIO C TOBapaMM M rpaMo-
TaMM A.H. KO>KMHa.
fA. 39) K waxy uHgeucKoMY EOJKUelO nocnewecmBYlO-
elO MUAocmulO MbZ, npeCBeIIlAeUWUu U gepJKaBHeUWuu Be-
AUKUU rocygapb, u,apb U BeAuKuu KHR3b llemp AAeKCeeBUll,
Bcea BeAUKUR U MQAbZR U EeAbZR Pocuu caMogepJKeu" MO-
CKOBCKUU, KueBcKuu, BAaguMepcKuu, HOBropogcKuu, u,apb
Ka3aHcKuu,u,apbacmpaxaHcKuu,u,apbcu6upcKuu,rocygapb
nCKOBCKUU U BeAUKUU KHR3b cMoAeHcKuu, mBepcKuu, lOrop-
CKUU, nepMcKuu, BRmcKuu, 60ArapcKuu U UHbZX rocygapb, U
BeAuKuu KHR3b HOBaropoga HU30BcKue 3eMAU, llepHUrOB-
CKUU, pe3aHcKuu, pocmoBcKuu, RpocAaBcKuu, 6eAo03ep-
CKUU, ygOpCKUU, 06g0pCKUU, KOHgUHCKUU U Bcea CeBepHbzu
cmpaHbZ nOBeAumeAb, U rocygapb HBepcKue 3eMAU, Kapma-
AUHCKUX U rpY3uHcKUX u,apeu, U Ka6apguHcKue 3eMAU, llep-
KaCKUX U ropcKux KHR3eu U UHbZX MHorux rocygapcmB U 3e-
MeAb fA. 3906.) BOCmOllHbZX U 3anagHbzx U ceBepHbZX omllUll,
U gegull, U HacAegHuK, U rocygapb U 06AaagameAb, BeAe-
MOJKHeUweMY BeAuKoMY rocygaplO BbzcoKonpecmoAbHoMY
waxy lliaYQAeM, BaweMY BeAUlleCmBY uHgeucKoMY BOCmOll-
HbZR cmpaHbZ nOBeAumeAlO, Hawe u,apcKoro BeAUlleCmBa AlO-
6umeAbHoe n03gpaBAeHue. llOHeJKe MbZ, BeAuKuu rocygapb
-100-
PYCCKaH MH.IJ:Ji1.H
=
=
HaUle u,apCKOe BeAUlleCmBO, 3a nOmpe6HO pa3cygR, nOCAa-
AU B rocygapcmBo BaUle, BeAUKOrO rocygapR BaUlerO UlaXOBa
BeAUlleCmBa, KynllUHY AAeKcaHgpa l1 aHoBa CblHa KOJKUHa,
gaB eMY U3 HaUleu Ka3Hbl HeCKOAbKO nompe6Hblx mOBapoB U
BeAeAU eMY me mOBapbl B rocygapcmBe BaUlero UlaXOBa Be-
AUllecmBa npogaB, malUKe U Kynumb maMO nompe6Hblx UH-
geucKux mOBapoB. Cero pagu Mbl, BeAuKuu rocygapb HaUle
u,apcKoe BeAullecmBo, Bac, (A. 40) BeAUKoro rocygapR BaUle
UlaXOBO BeAUllecmBO, npocuM: ga 6AaroBoAume moro Kynllu-
HY HaUlero K ce6e gonycmumb, U CUlO HaUlY rpaMomy y Hero
npUHRB, nOKa3amb K HeMY BaUlY MUAocmb, U nOBeAemb eMY
nOCAaHHble CHUM mOBapbl B rocygapcmBe BaUlero BeAUlle-
cmBa npogamb, U maMOUlHUX mOBapOB Kynumb nOBOAbHO U
6e3nOUlAUHHO. 11 no omnpaBAeHUU moro naKU K HaM c MUAO-
cmulO omnycmumb U B nymu no llUHY eBO maKO JK ge HagAe-
JKaw,ylO UMemb U ynompe6ARmb BOAbHocmb. A B lleM BaUleMY
UlaxoBY BeAullecmBY B rocygapcmBe HaUleM ecmb nompe6-
Hocmb, 0 mOM U3BOAume CHUM, KynlluHolO, K HaUleMY u,ap-
CKOMY BeAUllecmBY nucamb UAU cAOBecHO HaKa3amb. H_Mbl,
(A. 4006.) BeAuKuu rocygapb, mo no JKeAaHUlO U gAR gpYJK6bl
U A106BU BaUlero BeAUllecmBa oxomHO ucnpaBumb YKaJKeM.
llpu ceM JKeAaeM Mbl, BeAuKuu rocygapb HaUle u,apcKoe Be-
AUllecmBO, BaM, BeAuKoMY rocygaplO BaUleMY UlaxoBY BeAU-
llecmBY, 6AaronocmoRHHoro Ha Aema MHoro 3gpaBuR U BCR-
Koro 6AaronoBegeHuR.
llucaH B HaUleM u,apcmBYlOw,eM rpage CaHKIIl-llumep-
6ypre Aema om POJKeCmBa Xpucma cnacumeAR HaUlero 60ra
1716-ro MauR 18 gHR, rocygapcmBoBaHuR HaUlero 34-ro rogy.
(nog meKcmOM npunucaHo) llucaHa ma rpaMoma Ha 60Ab-
UlOM QAeKcaHgpuucKoM Aucmy 3 3acmaBuu,bl U cjJUrypbl 30-
AomblMU, KaK x KOpOARM nUUlemcR. TUIIlAO u,apcKoro BeAUlle-
cmBa no MOCKOBCKUU, a UlaXOBa mUIIlAa BeAeMOJKHeUUleMY
BeAUKOMY rocygaplO BblcOKonpecmOAbHOMY Ulaxy lllaYQAeM
nucaHO 30AomOM. Konuu He BAOJKeHO. 3anellamaHa MQAOU
POCUUCKOlO nellamblO, KycmoguR cjJurypHaR.
r AM, <p. nOCOAl>CKMH npMKa3. CHOllIeHMH POCCMM C
HHAMeH, A. 16, A. 39-4006.
PYCCKMe BOMCKa paCnOAO>KMAHCb BAOAl> 03epa, MCnOAl>-
3YH ero KaK eCTecTBeHHbIM py6e>K, M 3aropoAMAM 06030M.
-101-
H. H. HerrOMH.Hrn;Ji1J1:
=
=
Pa3BeAKa 60eM rrpOAOA)l{aAaCb BeCb CBeTOBOH AeHb. K Beqe-
PY XMBMHU;bI OTCryrrMAM, qT06bI HarraCTb 3aBTpa. Ho 3a HOqb
PYCCKMe BbIpbIAM rAy60KMH pOB M 06HeCAM CBOH Aarepb Ba-
AOM. Ba>KHOe 3HaqeHMe MMeAH rrynIKM. Y XHBMHu;eB MX He
6bIAO. Aa M BbIyqKa PYCCKMX BOHCK 6bIAa BbIllie. HeCMO-
Tp51 Ha qMCAeHHoe rrpeBOCXOACTBO HacryrraBIlIMx (MX 6bIAO
OT 16 AO 24 TbIC.), rrpopBaTb 060POHY PYCCKMX OHM TaK M He
CMOrAH.
TorAa lllepro3M HaqaA rreperOBOpbI. Ero rrOCOA, VlIlIMM-
XOA>KM, C006m;MA, qTO Ha PYCCKMH Aarepb HarraAM 6e3 BeAo-
Ma xaHa, 0 qeM TOT BeCbMa CO>KaAeeT.
EeKOBMq HarrpaBMA K xaHY CBoero rrOCAa -- TaTapMHa
YceHHoBa. TOT BepHYAC5I C BecTblO, qTO xaH YCTPOMA COBe-
m;aHMe C rrpM6AH>KeHHbIMH M yrpOM AacT OTBeT.
YTpOM XMBMHU;bI CHOBa aTaKOBaAH M CHOBa 6bIAH OT6HTbI.
Ho EeKOBMq rrO-rrpe>KHeMY BepMA B B03MO>KHOCTb Aoro-
BOpHTbC5I MMpHbIM rryreM. YceHHoB CHOBa rrOMqaAC5I K xaHY.
Ha 3TOT pa3 lllepr03M CAeAaAC5I 6YATO llIeAKOBbIM. OH OTBeA
BOHCKa OT 03epa M 06em;aA HaKa3aTb BMHOBHbIX. B 3HaK OCO-
60ro YBa>KeHM5I K EeKOBMqy OH rrpMCAaA K HeMY KOAYM6a51
C APyrMMM BeAbMO>KaMM, KOTopbIe AaAM rrOH5ITb, qTO rOTOBbI
Ha cym;ecTBeHHbIe YCryrrKM.
Ha3aBTpa EeKOBMqa rrpMrAaCMAM K xaHY Al\5f. AHqHbIX rre-
peroBopoB. lllepr03M 3a5lBMA, qTO rrpMHMMaeT Bce YCAOBM5I
PYCCKoro u;ap5l. OqeBMAHO, ero «rroKopHOCTb» 06MaHYAa Ee-
KOBHqa, rrOqYBCTBoBaBllIero ce651 rr06eAMTeAeM.
lllepr03M rro06em;aA pa3MeCTMTb PYCCKMX cOAAaT B CBO-
MX BAClAeHM5IX CO BceMM B03MO>KHbIMM YA06cTBaMM, HO rro-
CeTOBaA, qTO B XMBe He HaHAeTC5I B AOCTaTKe HM >KMAb5l, HM
rrpOBMaHTa, HH cpypa>Ka. n03TOMY OH rrpeMO>KMA pa3AeAHTb
CMAbI PYCCKMX Ha rr5lTb qaCTeH, pa3MeCTMB Ka>KAYIO B coceA-
HMX C XMBOH ropoAax.
no OAHMM CBeAeHM5IM, EeKOBMq rrpOCTOAynIHO yroAMA B
3TY KOBapHYIO AOBynIKY M HeAPorHYBllIeM PYKOM OTAaA CO-
OTBeTCTBYIOm;HM rrpMKa3 CBOMM BOMCKaM.
TOAbKO 3Toro pa3AP06AeHM5I PYCCKMX M >KAaAM XMBHHU;bI.
EABa pa3AeAeHHbIe OTP5IAbI pa3011IAMCb B pa3HbIe CTOpOHbI,
KaK Ha HMX HarraAM M3 3aCClAbI. EOAbllIYIO qaCTb M3Py6MAH,
OCTaAbHbIX B351AM B rrAeH. CaMoro EeKOBMqa, a TaK>Ke CaMO-
HOBa M APyrMx KOMaHAMpOB 3apy6MAH Ha rAa3ax xaHa B ero
rrapClAHOM rraAaTKe.
-102-
PYCCKaH MH.IJ:Ji1H
=
=
no ApyrOH BepCMH, EeKOBMqa rrAeHMAH M rroA rrbITKaMM
3aCTaBMAH HarrMcaTb rrpMKa3 0 pa3AeAeHMM eAMHoro OTpHAa.
CTapllIMH B Aarepe o<pMn;ep - MaHOp <DpaHKeH6epr, HeMen;
rro rrpOMCXO>KAeHMIO, - He BepMA XMBMHn;aM HM Ha rpOIli.
OrrbITHbIH KOMaHAMp, OH rrOHMMaA, qTO rropoxa, KapTeqM M
C"beCTHbIX rrpMrraCOB B Aarepe XBaTMT Ha HeCKOAbKO MeCH-
n;eB, rrpeCHOH BOAbI - n;eAoe 03epo 3a crrMHOH, Aa H rrYIlIKM
MOryr CKa3aTb CBoe pellIalO ee CAOBO. 3KcrreAMn;MOHHbIH
Koprryc BrrOAHe Mor KOHTpOAMpOBaTb rrOAO>KeHMe, HeCMOTpH
Ha AeCHTMKpaTHbIl1: rrepeBec CMA B rrOAb3Y rrpOTMBHMKa. OKa-
>KMCb Ha MeCTe MaHopa BOAeBOH rropyqMK KO>KMH, OH, Heco-
MHeHHO, rrocryrrMA 6bI BorrpeKM rrpHKa3Y M, rAHAM, IlIb crrac
6bI CAY>KHBbIX. Ho Y MaHopa B KpOBM 6bIAa HeMen;KaH AMC-
n;MrrAHHMpOBaHHOCTb. BorrpeKM AorMKe M c06CTBeHHOMY BH-
AeHMIO cMryan;MM OH, 3HaH PYKY EeKOBMqa, rrOAqMHMACH He-
AerrOMY rrMCbMeHHOMY rrpMKa3Y.
B pe3YAbTaTe 6bIA M3Py6AeH BeCb Koprryc. C EeKOBMqa,
e e >KMBOrO, COAPaAH KO>KY M Ha6MAH ee COAOMQH. Ta >Ke
yqacTb rrOCTMrAa CaMOHOBa. 3aTeM rOAOBbI PYCCKMX KH;5. 3eH
HOCMAH Ha rraAKax rro YAHn;aM XMBbI, rrOCAe qero rrOCAaAH MX
6yxapCKOMY xaHY. UUepr03M rrOXBaAHACH CBoeH rr06eAOM.
Ho 6yxapn;bI He rrpMHHAH COMHMTeAbHOrO rrOAapKa, orraca-
HCb MeCTM co CTOpOHbI Mory ecTBeHHoro PYCCKoro n;apH.
1716 rog, HOR6pR 18. 113 AOHOllIeHMH A. EeKOBMqa-
YepKaCCKoro neTPY I.
...llopym1l.UKY KOJKUHY gaHo U3 CeHamy Ha mOBapbl
5000 py6AeB; eMY U mOBapblUJ,eM, Komopble 6ygym CHUM
B mOM nymu, Ha npoe3g 1000 py6AeB, KaK B. B-BO U3BOAum,
Komopble 3HalOm nymb mom, CKa3blBalOm Ha npoe3g OgHOU
1000 6ygem MaAO U mOBapoB KaJKemCR MaAOe 11. UCAO, om AU a
BaUlero nOCblAalOmCR B gaAbHee rocygapcmBo U rAaBHoe,
1I.mo6 He 6blAO U eMY KaKoro noga3peHuR, U 1I.eM 6bl Mor B03-
BpamumbcR Ha3ag.
(y nogAuHHoro nUCbMa npunucaHo HUJKe) ...HUJKaUUlUU
pa6 KanumaH rBapguu AAeKcaHgp l.JepKaCKU.
Om HOBOU -Kpenocmu. MecR a HOR6pR 18, 1716 rogy.
u:r AM, <p. nOCOAbCKMH rrpMKa3. CHollIeHMH POCCMM C
XMBOH, 1716 r., A. I, A. 49. KorrMH. CM. AOK. M 23.
-103-
H.H. HerrOMH.HIll:Ii1J1:
=
=
B XMBe YJKe Ha3HaqMAM IIy6AMqHYIO Ka3Hb PYCCKMX, HO
MeCTHaH 3HaTb BbIcryrrMAa IIpOTMB, OIIaCaHCb IIOCAeACTBMH.
Ka3Hb OTMeHMAM.
J\HllIb CIIYCTH rOAbI MHOrMe H3 IIAeHHMKOB CYMeAM Bep-
HyrbCH AOMOH.
B KpeIIOCTHX Ha BOCTOqHOM 6epery KaCIIMH 0 rM6eAM 3KC-
IIeAMQMM Y3HaAM OT KOqeBHMKOB. npMqeM KOqeBHMKM, e e
HeAaBHO TepIIMMbIe K PYCCKMM COAAaTaM, TeIIepb IIPOHBAH-
AM B03pOCllIyIO arpeCCMBHOCTb. B YCAOBMHX cpaKTMqeCKOM
OCClAbI, He IIoAyqaH HM IIOAKpeIIAeHMH, HM IIOMO M, YAep-
JKMBaTb KpeIIOCTM B IIYCTbIHHOH MeCTHOCTH 6bIAO 6eCCMbIC-
AeHHO. B oKTH6pe 1717 rOAa rapHM30H KpeIIocTM Y KpacHbIx
BOpOT OTIIAbIA Ha MMeBIlIMXCH cYAax B ACTpaxaHb. B IIyrM
cpAOTMAMIO 3aXBaTHAa CMAbHaH 6ypH. YacTb CYAOB IIorM6Aa.
YQeAeBIlIHe OTHeCAO K YCTblO KypbI. 3Aecb IIepe3MMOBaAH M
AMllib BecHoH 1 718 rOAa CMor AM BepHyrbcH B ACTpaxaHb.
rapHM30H KpeIIocTM Y 3aAHBa TlO6-KaparaH IIepe3M-
MOBaA Ha MeCTe, OTpaJKaH Ha6erM rypKMeH, HO BecHoH
1718 rOAa TOJKe BepHY ACH B ACTpaxaHb.
YTO KacaeTCH KOJKMHa, TO B neTep6ypre OH 6bIA apeCTO-
BaH M oTAaH IIOA CYA. OqeBMAHO, CMMIIaTHM neTpa I 6bIAM
Bce JKe Ha cTopoHe EeKOBMqa. Ho IIOCAe H3BeCTMH 0 cTparn-
HOH M HeAeIIoH rM6eAM 3KCIIeAMQMM KOJKMH 6bIA IIpo eH.
MOABa 0 HeYAaqe XMBMHCKoro IIoxOAa IIpoKaTMAacb IIO
BceH POCCMM. BbIpaJKeHMe «IIpOIIaA KaK EeKOBMq» OAHO Bpe-
MH CAeAaAOCb HapMQaTeAbHbIM M IIOIIaAO 3aTeM B cAoBapb
AaMI.
XOA>Ka Hecpec OCTaACH B JKMBbIX, 6bIA IIAeHeH XMBMHQa-
MM M II03AHee oTIIym;eH Ha cB060AY. 0 ero MCTMHHOH pOAM
B 3TH X MCTOpMqeCKMX C06bITMHX MCTOpMKM rClAaIOT AO CMX
IIOp.
neTp rAy60Ko COJKaAeA 06 McxOAe XMBMHCKoro IIoxoAa.
OH He OTKa3aACH OT CBOMX IIAaHOB, HO YJKe He MMeA cpeACTB
M5f. opraHM3aQMM HOBOM 3KCIIeAMQMM.
TeM He MeHee, B OCTaBIlIMeCH rOAbI JKM3HM MMIIepaTOp
IIpeAIIpMHMMaA e e MHOJKeCTBO APyrMx, MeHee 3aTpaTHbIX
IIOIIbITOK HaMTM AOPOry H3 POCCMM B I1HAMIO. K ocy ecT-
BAeHMIO CBOMX rA06aAbHbIX IIAaHOB OH IIbITaACH AaJKe IIPM-
BAeqb «IIMpaTCKYIO pecIIy6AMKY» C OCTpOBa MClAaraCKap.
Ho 3Ta MCTOpMH IIpOM3011IAa YJKe B caMOM KOHQe JKM3HM
HMIIepaTopa.. .
-104-
,[{EB5ITJ1JIETHJ1E
CTPAHCTBOBAHJ15I
CPJ1JIJ1I1I1A ECPPEMOBA
=
- =
BOMCTHHY He06D THa rrOAqaC reOrpa M CTpaHCTBMH
HallIMX repOeB: OAMH M3 HMX Tep eTC B rMMaAa Xr BTOpOH
OKa3bIBaeTC B A>KYHrMIX OAMH Ha OAMH C AMKMMM CAOHa-
MM r TpeTMH rrpOXOAMT Ka3aXCKMe CTerrM r CHe)KHbIe BepllIM-
HbI rop eHTpaAbHOH A3MM r rrAbIBeT M3 KaAbKyrTbI MMMO
IO)KHOH A pMKM B J\OHAOH M CaHKT-neTep6ypr. MeMYapbI
o rrOMHHHbIX rrpOMCllIeCTBM X HarrOMMHalOT aBaHTIOpHbIe
pOMaHbI.
ABTOpbI 3TMX COqMHeHMH pa3AHqHbI rro COQMaAbHO Y rro-
AO)KeHHlO r 06pa30BaHHIO M xapaKTepy. BOT H <D.C. E<ppe-
MOB - YHTep-O MQep M rrpOBMHQMaAbHbIH TaMO)KeHHbIH
qMHOBHMK. Cep)KaHTa <D. E peMOBa KaHQAep A.A. Ee360-
pOAKO rrpeACTaBMIeT caMoH MMrrepaTpHQe EKaTepMHe II.
BeAb orrMcaHM rryrellIecTBMH rro cTpaHaM BocToKa KaK pa3
KO ABOpy - OHM rrOAb3YIOTC ycrrexoM B pa3AMqHbIX qMTa-
TeAbCKMX Kpyrax r M ycrrexoM HeMaAbIM r eCAM CYAMTb rro KO-
AHqeCTBY M3AaHMH M rrepepa60TOK.
EKaTepMHMHCKMH BeK Bo06m;e OTMeqeH aKTMBHbIM MH-
TepeCOM K BOCTOKY. POCCMM corryrcTByeT YAaqa B BOHHax
C OCMaHCKOH nOpTOM r YCMAMBaeTC ee BAM HMe B 3aKaB-
Ka3be M cpeAM KOqeBHMKOB Ka3aXCKMX CTerreM r rrO BMIIOT-
C rrAaHbI AaAbHeMllieH 3KcrraHCMM B CpeAHlO1O A3MIO r rrpo-
HMKHOBeHM B BOCTOqHyID I1HAMIO. KaK M B CTpaHax 3arrClA-
HOH EBporrbI r AHrrAOMaTMqeCKOe M BoeHHoe rrpOABM)KeHMe B
A3MIO r HeCOMHeHHO r crroc06CTBOBaAO caMOMY rrpMCTaAbHO-
MY BHMMaHMIO K 3TOMY perMOHY CO CTOpOHbI pYCCKoro rrpa-
BMTeAbCTBa M 06m;eCTBa. Ho 6bIAO 6bI 0llIM6KOM paccMa-
TpMBaTb BOCTOqHYIO TeMY B eBporreMcKoM KYAbTYPe KOH-
Qa XVIII BeKa AHllIb B KOHTeKCTe KOAOHMaAbHOM rrOAHTMKM.
Pa3BMTMe HaYKM Toro BpeMeHM Tpe60BaAO 3HQMKAOrreAH3-
Ma. 3rroxa npOcBern;eHH pacllIMp Aa AYXOBHbIH Kpyr030Pr
-105-
H.H. HerrOMH.HIll;Ii1J1:
=
=
oCB060>KAaAa qeAOBeKa OT peAMTM03HbIX rrpeAy6e>KAeHMH,
rrpeApaCCYAKOB HaQMOHaAbHOH OrpaHHqeHHOCTM. HeAapOM
B COqMHeHM.HX TOH rrOpbI rrO.HBMIIOTC.H CAOBa «qeAOBeqeCTBO»
M «rpa>KAaHMH BCeAeHHOH» (KOCMOrrOAHT).
OTHOllIeHMe K CTpaHaM BOCTOKa CKA(lAbIBaAOCb rrpOTH-
BOpeqMBOe. C OAHOH CTOpOHbI, rrpOCBe eHHbIH qeAOBeK
C HaCMelliKOH M HerOAOBaHMeM A0A)l{eH 6bIA OTHOCHTbC.H
K a3HaTCKOMY AeCrrOTM3MY M cyeBepM.HM, C APyroH - OH
C OC06eHHbIM AI060rrbITCTBOM rrpMCMaTpMBaAC.H K HpaBaM
M 06bIqa.HM MHbIX HapOAOB, rrpMXOA.H K BbIBOAY, qTO qeAO-
BeK - Be3Ae qeAOBeK, MMelO MH AYIlIY, OTKPbITYIO MCTM-
He M A06PY. M5I rrOHMMaHM.H qY>KOH KYAbTYpbI He06xOAMMO
AMllib OCB060AMTbC.H OT «rrpeApaCCYAKa McrrOBeAaHM.H Bep»
M He crrellIMTb C AerKOMbICAeHHbIM CY>KAeHMeM 0 HapOAe,
MCXOA.H AMllib M3 Toro, qTO BHellIHMe 06bIqaM ero - OAe>K-
AbI, 60POAbI M BbIpa>KeHM.H Be>KAMBOCTM - Ka>KyrC.H cTpaH-
HbIMM eBporreMQaM.
M5I POCCHM EKaTepMHMHcKoro BeKa 6bIAM xapaKTepHbI
Te >Ke qepTbI AyxoBHoro pa3BMTM.H, qTO M Al\5I 3arr(lAHOH EB-
porrbI, B TOM qMCAe M B OTHOllIeHMM K BOCTOKY. TPYAHO rrepe-
OQeHMTb BKA(lA B HaYKY, KOTOpbIH 6bIA BHeceH 3HaMeHMTbI-
MM aK(lAeMMqeCKMMM 3KcrreAMQM.HMM B BOCTOqHbIe rrpOBMH-
QMM MMrrepMM. 06CTO.HTeAbHbIe TPYAbI 0 HapOAHOCT.HX A3MM,
C03AaHHbIe fl. flaJ\AaCOM, 11. J\erreXHHbIM, fl. PbIqKOBbIM,
COCTaBMIIOT rOPAOCTb OTeqeCTBeHHOH HayKM. 3HaqHTeAb-
HO MeHbllIe 6bIAO CAeAaHO Al\5I M3yqeHM.H CTpaH BOCTOKa.
OAHaKO 6AarOAap.H rry6AMKaQMM rrepeBOAoB, COCTaBAeHMIO
KOMrrMMIQMH H 0630pOB 6YKBaAbHO Bce HOBMHKM eBporreH-
CKOH HaYKM CTaHOBMAMCb M3BeCTHbI PYCCKOMY qMTaTeAIO.
BOCTOqHbIe TeMbI He CXOAMAH CO CTpaHMQ AHTeparypHO-
HayqHbIx >KypHaAOB M aAbMaHaXOB. HeMaAO co06 eHMH Ta-
Koro pOAa rrO.HBMIAOCb M B ra3eTax, B qaCTHOCTH B «CaHKT-
fleTep6yprCKMX BeAOMOCT.HX». feorpacpM.H M 3THorpacpM.H
HapOAOB A3HM HaxOAMAa OTpa>KeHMe B TaKMX M3AaHM.HX, KaK
«reorpacpMqeCKMH AeKCMKOH POCCHHCKoro rOCYAapCTBa»
CD.A. floAYHMHa (1773), «flOAHbIM reorpacpMqeCKMH AeKCH-
KOH, cOAep>Ka MH B ce6e... rroAP06Hoe orrMcaHMe Bcex qa-
cTeM CBeTa...» K.f. J\aHrepa (1791). HaKoHeQ, MMeHHO B Poc-
CMM rry6AMKOBaAMCb 3HaMeHMTbIe «CpaBHMTeAbHbIe CAOBa-
pH Bcex .H3bIKOB M HapeqMM», rAe yqMTbIBaAMCb AaHHbIe rro
149 .H3bIKaM A3HM (B M3AaHHM 1787 rOAa).
-106-
PYCCKa.H J.1HJ(Ji1.H
-=
=
Ha BOAHe 3TOrO MHTepeCa K BOCTOKY M nOHBMAHCb ny-
6AHKyeMbIe HM>Ke 3anHCKM nyrellIecTBeHHMKOB. ABTOpbI MX
COBepllIMAH CTpaHCTBMH B 60AbllIeH MAM MeHbllIeM Mepe no-
HeBOAe M, BO BCHKOM cAyqae, 6e3 oc660M K TOMY nOArOTOB-
KM M HayqHoM QeAM. KaK nOMMHHbIe AOKYMeHTbI ABYXCOT-
AeTHeH AaBHOCTM, OHM COXpaHHIOT QeHHOCTb MCTOpMqeCKMX
MCTOqHMKOB M COAep>KaT nopolO AOBOAbHO AI060nbITHbIe
MCTOpMKO-reOrpacpMqeCKMe MAM 6bITOBbIe AeTaAH. npM nep-
BOH ny6AHKaQMM OHM OQeHMBaAHCb COBpeMeHHMKaMM npe-
>RAe Bcero KaK noc06MH K n03HaHMIO CTpaH BOCTOKa.
OnMcaHMe MapllIpyra <D. EcppeMOBa, HanpMMep, MCnOAb-
30BaAOCb B aHrAMHCKOH reorpacpMqeCKOH AHTeparype, a ero
6yxapCKHM CAOBapMK 6bIA nepeBeAeH Ha HeMeQKMH H3bIK
M3BeCTHbIM BOCTOKOBeAOM-6M6AMorpacpOM <D.n. AAeAYH-
rOM. HecAyqaHHo K COqMHeHMHM EKaTepMHMHCKOH nopbI
BHOBb 6bIAO npMBAeqeHO BHMMaHMe nOqTM CTO AeT cnYCTH -
B nepMOA TeppMTOpMaAbHOM 3KcnaHCMM POCCMM. TorAa nOH-
BHAHCb CTaTbM M ny6AHKaQMM 3anMCOK <DMAHnn;a EcppeMO-
Ba - ero CBeAeHMH Bce e e npM3HaBaAMCb Ba>KHbIl\1M Al\5I
M3yqeHMH U:eHTpaAbHOH A3MM...
HeMHorOCAOBHbIe 3anHCKM «pOCCMHCKoro YHTep-ocpMQe-
pa» <DMAHnna EcppeMOBa OTAHqalOTCH Ha peAKOCTb aBaH-
TlOpHbIM CIO>KeTOM. MbI BMAMM 3AeCb CQeHbI nAeHeHMH M
pa6CTBa, CAY>K6y aBTopa B rapeMe BOCTOqHOrO BeAbMO>KM,
Kpa>KY neqaTM M n06er C nepeOAeBaHMHMM - TO B rOHQa,
TO B KynQa, TO B 6AarOqeCTMBOro naAOMHMKa, HanpaBMIIO-
erOCH B MeKKY. repOH nOBeCTBOBaHMH npeOAOAeBaeT CTe-
nM, nYCTbIHM, 3aCHe>KeHHbIe ropHbIe nepeBaAbI, nepeceKa-
eT rpaHMQbI MHOrOqMCAeHHbIX, Bpa>RAYIO MX APyr C APyroM
rocYAapcTB M, HaKoHeQ, qepe3 ABa OKeaHa 6AaronoAyqHo
B03Bpa aeTCH AOMOH. B KOpOTKOM nOBeCTBOBaHMM MeAbKa-
lOT caMbIe pa3Ho06pa3HbIe nepCOHa>KM: MMAocepAHbIH KO-
qeBHMK, M3AeqMBllIMM aBTopa OT paH, HaHeceHHbIX eMY ny-
raqeBQaMM, a 3aTeM npOAaBIlIMM ero 3a qeTbIpe BbIAeAaH-
HbIe TeMIqbM llIKypbI; caMOBAaCTHbIH 6yxapCKMH npaBMTeAb,
nOABeprHYBIlIMH ero MyqMTeAbHOM Ka3HM, Aa6bI 06paTMTb B
MCTMHHYIO Bepy, a nOCAe - nO>KaAOBaBIlIMH ocpHQepCKMM
qMHOM M KpaCHbIM KacpTaHOM; BAI06AeHHaH nepCMHHKa; ap-
MHHCKMe KynQbI, nyrellIeCTBYIO He Me>KAY ACTpaxaHblO M
KaAbKyrTOH; HeMeQ-CBH eHHMK, >KMBllIMM HeKorAa B Opa-
-107-
H.H. HerrOMH.HIll:IilJ1:
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HMeH6aYMe, a HbIHe OKaHqMBaIOm;MH AHM CBOM B ceBepOMH-
AMHCKOM KH.H)KeCTBe AYA; IIpOCBem;eHHbIH aHrAHHCKMH CY-
Ab.H, BbIKa3bIBalOm;MH CBOIO 6AarOCKAOHHOCTb AHllIb IIOCAe
Toro, KaK IIOAyqMA B IIOAapOK qepHOKO)KerO MaAbqMIlIKY-
pa6a. VI Ha IIOCAeAHeH CTpaHMQe pyKOIIMCM IIO.HBMleTC.H eKa-
TepMHMHCKMH BeAbMO)Ka A.A. Ee360poAKO, 06p.HAMBIlIMH
aBTopa B a3MaTCKoe IIAaTbe M AeMoHcTpMPYIOm;MH ero caMoH
rocYAapbIHe MMIIepaTpMQe.
K 3TOMY H(lAO em;e A06aBMTb BCTaBHble HOBeAAbI 0 3aro-
Bopax M KOBapHblx y6MHcTBax IIPM 6yxapcKoM ABope, a TaK-
)Ke 0 BOMHCKMX A06AeCT.HX PYCCKMX COAAaT, OKa3aBIlIMXC.H
TaM, IIO HeCqaCTblO, B IIAeHY. EeCXMTpOCTHbIH paCCKa3 IIpO-
CToro qeAOBeKa - M QeAa.H 3IIoxa BCTaeT IIepeA rAa3aMM:
XVIII BeK, EBpoIIa M A3M.H - OT KaAbKYITbI AO J\oHAoHa H
CaHKT- neTep6ypra.
B OAHOH M3 peQeH3MH Ha M3AaHMe «AeB.HTHAeTHerO cTpaH-
CTBOBaHM.H» OHO Ha3BaHO «IIepBoH reorpacpMeH Y36eKMcTa-
Ha», B KOTOpOH AaKOHMqHO, HO C OCTpOH Ha6A1OAaTeAbHocTblO
3aTparMBa1OTC.H IIOqTM IIOAHOCTblO Bce pa3AeAbI reorpacpMqe-
CKoro OIIMCaHM.H CTpaHbI. He MeHee cym;ecTBeHHbIMM IIpeA-
CTaBMlIOTC.H M cOAep)Kam;MeC.H 3AeCb MCTOpMqeCKMe M 3THO-
rpacpMqeCKHe CBeAeHM.H. 06pam;eHMe K 3TOMY QeHHoMY MC-
TOqHMKY II03BOMleT AOIIOAHMTb M yrOqHMTb xapaKTepMcTMKY
IIOAHTMqeCKOH cMryaQMM B CpeAHeH A3MM, OTAeAbHbIX CTO-
pOH 3KOHOMMKM (HaIIpMMep, pa3BMTMe llIeAKoBoAcTBa), BHellI-
HMX oc06eHHocTeH 6bITa (cpOpMbI )KeHCKOH oAe bI).
Bce 6MorpacpMqeCKMe CBeAeHM.H 06 aBTope - C ero CAOB
H IIO AOKYMeHTaM - cOAep)KaTC.H B M3AaHHOM TeKCTe, xapaK-
Tep qeAOBeKa AerKO yr(lAbIBaeTC.H IIO 3aIIMCKaM. CbIH CTP.HII-
qero AYXOBHOH KOHCMCTOpMM, <DMAHIIII EcppeMoB, KOHeqHO,
em;e AOMa 6bIA 06yqeH rpaMoTe. MaAbqMIlIKOH TpMH(lAQaTM
AeT IIOIIaA OH B COAAaTbI, a K AeB.HTH(lAQaTM rOAaM AOCAY)KMA-
C.H AO Cep)KaHTCKOro qHHa. nOIIaB K 6yxapQaM B pa6cTBo, M
3AeCb OTAHqMAC.H - 3a xpa6pocTb IIpoM3BeAeH B ocpMQepbI,
KOMaHAOBaA COTHeH BC(lAHMKOB. nOCAe B03Bpam;eHM.H B POC-
CMIO CAY)KMA M IIepeBOAqMKOM, M CYAe6HbIM 3aceAaTeAeM, M
AMpeKTopOM TaMO)KHM B pa3HbIX ropOAax. K BeAHqaHllIeH
ero rOPAOCTM, 6bIA IIO)KaAOBaH rpaMOTOH Ha ABOp.HHCKOe AO-
CTOMHCTBO.
B MOAOAOCTM <DMAHIIII EcppeMOB, HecOMHeHHO, OTAHQaA-
C.H cpM3MQeCKOH CMAOH M BbIHOCAHBOCTbIO. EYAyqM paHeH M
-108-
PYCCKaH J1HJ(Ji1H
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CBH3aH MHTe)KHMKaMM, He TOAbKO caM OCB060AMACH OT nyr,
HO ern;e M nOMor TOBapMrn;aM; npOllIeA 3MMOM Ka3aXCKMe CTe-
nM TaM, rAe APyrMe nAeHHMKM YMMpaAH OT rOAOAa M xOAOAa,
BbIHec nbITKM M 60Ae3HM, npeOAOAeA xpe6TbI THHb-lIlaHH,
KY3Hb-J\YHH M KapaKOPYMa. Xpa6pbIH COAAaT, OH npeACTa-
eT co CTpaHMU; 3anMCOK KaK qeAOBeK npHMOH M qeCTHbIH,
He CKAOHHbIM K pOCCKa3HHM MAM nOBTopeHMIO qy)KMX BbI-
AYMOK. AOArMe rOAbI OH nOMHMT Ka>KAoro, KTO CAeAaA eMY
A06po, 6YAb TO Ka3ax, nepBbIH ero X03HMH, apMHHe AMBa3 M
CMMMOH, KaKOM-TO KallIMMpeu;, a Ha Tex, KTO MyqMA M npe-
CAeAOBaA ero, KaK 6YATO M 3Aa He Aep)KMT. K qY)KMM HpaBaM
M 06bIqaHM OH OTHOCMTCH CKopee C AI060nbITCTBOM, qeM C
OCY>KAeHMeM, a BHellIHMM oc06eHHOCTHM 6bITa nOApa)KaeT
6e3 oc060ro TpYAa - ABa MeCHu;a llIeA C MYCYAbMaHaMM KaK
naAOMHMK B MeKKY, M Te He 3anoA03pMAM 06MaHa. Ho Aa)Ke
cypOBbIe nbITKM He npMHYAMAH ero OTKa3aTbCH OT BepbI OT-
U;OB, BoeHHOM Kapbepe M cnOKOHHOH )KM3HM Ha qY)K6MHe OH
npeAnOqeA )KeCTOqaHllIMe onaCHOCTM - AHllIb 6bI .BepHyrb-
CH Ha POAMHY.
Ka>KAbIH M3 PYCCKMX AMnAOMaTOB, nocem;aBllIMX XMBMH-
CKoe MAM EyxapCKoe xaHCTBa, CTapaACH BbIKynMTb M3 pa6-
CTBa COOTeqeCTBeHHMKOB. 3anMCKM nyrellIecTBeHHMKOB
Toro BpeMeHM nOAHbI C006m;eHHHMM 0 CTpClAaHMHX nAeHHM-
KOB. flaBeA 51KoBAeB, 6bIBllIMH B Eyxape B HaqaAe XIX BeKa
C MMccMeH A.CD. HerpM, c006m;aeT TpOraTeAbHbIe AeTaAH 0
)KH3HM Tex PYCCKMX, cYAb6a KOTOpbIX CAO)KMAaCb em;e OTHO-
CMTeAbHO 6AaronpMHTHo. HanpMMep, HeKMH AHApeH POAM-
KOB, KanpaA, 3aXBaqeHHbIH nOA OpeH6yproM, KOMaHAOBaA
6yxapcKoH apTMAAepMeH B qMHe TOnqM-6allIM. OH, KaK «6y-
xapcKMM rpa>KAaHMH, nOAyqaA )KaAOBaHbe, Ka>KAYIO nHTHM-
U;Y HBMIACH K xaHY Ha nOKAOH M 3aBeA MeAOqHYIO AaBOqKY».
Ho, paccKa3bIBaeT fl. 51KoBAeB, «nOqTM Ka>KAYJO HeAeAlO
c6MpaIOTcH K HeMY HeCKOAbKO 3eMMIKOB MOAHTbCH M pa3-
rOBapMBaTb 0 MMAOM, OTAaAeHHOM OTeqeCTBe; B CBeTAoe )Ke
BocKpeceHMe Bce PyccKMe, )KMBym;Me B Eyxape, MAyr K Po-
AMKOBY; 3anMpalOTcH B ero TecHYIO KaMopKY M cAyrnalOT 3a-
yrpeHIO, KOTOpYJO OTnpaBMIIOT POAMKOB M BacMAMH EropoB,
nAeHHbIH AbHqOK M3 OpeH6ypra». 3aBepllIaH CBOM paccKa3,
aBTop OTMeqaeT, qTO «HeT HM OAHoro M3 PYCCKHX nAeHHMKOB,
KOTOpbIM 6bI He nOKYllIaACH 6e)KaTb M3 EyxapMH... HO 60Ab-
llIaH qaCTb )KeCTOKO HaKa3aHa 3a n06er. KMprM3U;bI, CKOAbKO
-109-
H. H. HerrOMH.H:I.UJ1M
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fV\5I C06CTBeHHOH 6e30rraCHOCTI1, 60 Cb AOHOCa Ha rrOXI1TI1-
TeAeH, CTOAbKO 11 B HClAeR<Ae rroAyql1Tb XOPOllIYIO nAary, He
rrporrYCKalOT HallIl1X 6erAeQOB K PYCCKOH rpaHI1Qe».
nyrb B POCCI1IO qepe3 Ka3aXCKl1e CTerrl1 6bIA KpaHHe orra-
ceH. <D. EcppeMOB, OqeBI1AHO, He pa3 06AYMbIBaA B03MO>K-
HOCTb 6erCTBa qepe3 KbI3bIAKYM. OH 3arrl1CaA MapllIpyr,
KOTOpbIM KyrreqeCKl1e KapaBaHbI llIAI1 113 EyxapbI B ACTpa-
xaHb. BepO THO, 11 C T)lPKMeHaMI1, rrpl16bIBllIl1Ml1 B Eyxapy C
rrOAYOCTpOBa MaHrbIllIAaK, OH rr03HaKOMI1AC C TOH >Ke Qe-
AblO - pa3Y3HaTb AOPOry B POCCI1IO qepe3 XI1BY 11 KaCrrI1H-
CKoe Mope. PaCXOR<AeHI1 B cpOKax npe6bIBaHI1 B rryrl1
MeR<AY yrroM HyrbIM MapllIpyroM 11 TeM, qTO C006IIJ;I1AI1 eMY
T)lPKMeHbI, OqeBI1AHO, 06b CH IOTC TeM, qTO CBeAeHI1 rro-
AyqeHbI 113 pa3HbIX I1CTOqHI1KOB: B OAHOM C.l\.yqae peqb I1AeT
o KapaBaHe Bep6AlOAOB, a B APyroM - 0 KOHHOM noxOAe.
PaCCrrpallIl1BaA OH 0 rryrl1 B Eyxapy 11 KorO-TO, rrpl1llIeAllIe-
ro 113 OpeH6ypra. npaBAa, CBeAeHI1 3Tl1 COAep>KaTC TOAb-
KO B rreqaTHbIX 113AaHI1 X «AeB TI1AeTHero CTpaHCTBI1 », 11
MO>KHO 6bIAO 6bI 3arrOA03pl1Tb rroAyqeHl1e I1X B 60Aee rr03A-
Hee BpeM , B TOT rrepHOA, KorAa aBTOp CAY>KI1A B A3l1aTCKOM
AerrapTaMeHTe. OAHaKO yrrOMI1HaHl1e 0 MeCTax, rAe KOqyeT
xaH HYPaAH, rr03BOMIeT AaTl1pOBaTb TeKCT BpeMeHeM pa-
Hee 1783 rOAa, 11, CAeAOBaTeAbHO, 3arrl1Cb MapllIpyra, CKopee
Bcero, CAeAaHa TO>Ke B Eyxape.
3TH BorrpOCbI A0J\.)l{HbI 6bIAH 06CYR<AaTbC B 6eceAax C
TeMI1 PYCCKHMI1 CTapI1KaMH, KOTopbIe KorAa-TO CAY>KI1AH y
xaHa A6YA-<DeH3a 11 CnaCAI1Cb 6erCTBOM OT rHeBa Y3yprra-
Topa MyxaMMeAa-PaXI1Ma. Hx paCCKa3 06 3Tl1X ApaMaTl1qe-
CKI1X C06bITI1 X, rro BceH BI1AI1MOCTI1, <D. EcppeMoBbIM 6bIA-
KaK 11 MapllIpyrbI - cBoeBpeMeHHo 3arrl1CaH. XapaKTepHo,
qTO OH BOCrrp0I13BOAI1TC rrpaKTl1qeCKI1 6e3 113MeHeHl1H OT
113AaHI1 K 113AaHI1IO. nOAP06Hoe Orrl1CaHl1e Toro, KaK cAeAY-
eT BbIpaIIJ;I1BaTb llIeAKOBl1qHbIX qepBeH, TO>Ke rrpeACTaBMIeT-
C 3aKOHqeHHbIM CIO>KeTOM, CBoero pOAa rrpaKTl1qeCKI1M pe-
QerrTOM rro llIeAKOBOAcTBY. B Eyxape y <D. EcppeMoBa BHO
6bIAa TeTpClAKa fV\5I rraM THbIX 3arrl1CeH.
BHellIHI1H BI1A ropoAa, rAe aBTOp >KI1A rOAaMl1, Hap AbI
11 YKpallIeHI1 >KeHIIJ;I1H B rapeMe, KOTOpbIl1 OH oxpaH A He-
CKOAbKO MeC QeB, BoeHHoe CHap >KeHl1e 11 pa3Mep >KaAOBa-
Hb OH, KOHeqHO, BcerAa Mor BCrrOMHI1Tb 11 crrycT MHoro AeT.
Ho nepeqeHb Ha3BaHl1H ropoAoB C YKa3aHl1eM I1X YKperrAe-
-110-
PYCCKa.H J1H.IJ:J1.H
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HI1M 11 paCCTO HI1M MeR<AY HI1MI1 BHO YKa3bIBaeT Ha TO, qTO
aBTOp BeA rryreBoM >KypHaA. 3arrl1cl1 B HeM BeAMCb KpaTKl1e,
cYXl1e, HO peryMIpHO 11 no onpeAeAeHHOM CI1CTeMe: rrOCAe
Ha3BaHI1 HaceAeHHoro nYHKTa rOBOpI1TC 06bIqHO 0 ql1CAe
BOpOT, 0 TOM, KaKa TaM BOAa - peqHa HAM KOAOAe3Ha , CO-
06rn;aeTC paCCTO Hl1e AO CAeAYIOrn;ero nYHKTa (I1HOrAa - 11
xapaKTep AOpOrl1), KOMY nOAqI1H eTC ropOA 11 rAe rrpoxo-
AI1T rpaHI1Qa. 3TO TO, qeMY yql1AI1 COAAaTa. 3arrl1cl1 rrOA06-
Horo pOAa rrO BMIIOTC AI111Ib rrOCAe MepBCKoro noxOAa, 3a
ABa rOAa AO 6erCTBa - MO>KeT 6bITb, Y>Ke TorAa 11 pOAI1AaCb Y
Hero caMa MbICAb 6e>KaTb He Ha ceBep, a Ha IOr.
CI1CTeMaTl1qeCKI1MI1 OHH CTaHOB TC cpa3Y >Ke nOCAe
OThe3Aa B KOKaHA.
He BHyrpeHHH AyxoBHa rroTpe6HocTb 11 He rrbITAMBbIH
I1HTepeC K OKpY>KaIOrn;eMY MHPY 3aCTaBMIIOT <D. EcppeMoBa
BeCTI1 CBOM AHeBHI1K. 14eAb ero cyry60 rrpaKTl1qeCKa - 6e-
rAeQ XOqeT BepHyrbc Ha POAI1HY He C nYCTbIMI1 PYKaMI1.
o nyrellIeCTBl111 <D. EcppeMoBa OT CpeAHeM °A31111 AO
:vIHAI1I1 eCTb HeKOTopbIe CBeAeHH , AorrOAH IOrn;l1e ero
c06CTBeHHbIe 3arr11CKI1. MbI I1MeeM B BI1AY CTaTbIO BHAb-
cpOPAa, orry6Al1KOBaHHYIO B 1808 rOAY B VIII TOMe >KYP-
HaAa «A3I1aTCKl1e I1CCAeAOBaHI1 », 113AaBaBllIeroc A311-
aTCKI1M 06rn;eCTBOM B KaAbKyrTe. ABTOp - AeMTeHaHT
I1H>KeHepHbIx BOMCK <DpeHCI1C BI1AbCPOPA, KOToporo yrro-
MI1HaeT KapTorpacp KOHQa XVIII BeKa A>KeMMC PeHHeAA.
flyrellIecTBeHHI1K reopr <DopcTep TaK>Ke rOBOpl1T 0 HeM
KaK 0 3HaTOKe reorpacpl1l1.
<D. BI1AbCPOPA Orrl1CbIBaeT rryrb 113 EyxapbI AO KallIMHpa,
KOTOpbIM, rro ero CAOBaM, B 1780 rOAY rrpollieA PYCCKI1M rro
cpaMI1Al111 "4epHbIllieB. :vI AaAee: «Ero >KypHaA MHe AlO6e3Ho
npeAOCTaBI1A n. BeHAJ\.b 113 J\aKHay. "4epHbIllieB 6bIA B3 T B
rrAeH KaAMbIKaMI1 Ha Cl16l1pCKOM rpaHI1Qe 11 rrpOAaH B pa6-
CTBO Y36eKCKl1M TaTapaM. X03 I1H BMeCTe C HI1M OTrrpaBI1AC
ToprOBaTb B Kallirap, 5IpKeHA 11 KallIeMl1p. EYAyql1 AOBOAeH
ero nOBeAeHHeM, OH OTrrYCTI1A CAyry Ha CB060AY. BMeCTe C
HeCKOAbKI1MI1 apMHHaMI1 "4epHbIllieB rrpl16bIA B J\aKHay, rAe
eMY rrOMor C3p 3Mp KOT, BeAI1KOAYIliHO AOCTaBI1BllIl1M B03-
MO>KHOCTb BepHyrbc Ha pOAI1HY.
n. BeHMb OT3bIBaAC 0 HeM KaK 0 rrpOCTOM 11 qeCTHOM
qeAOBeKe. Y CBoero X03 I1Ha OH AOCTaTOqHO Hayql1ACH rro-
rrepCI1ACKl1, qT06bI 06b CH TbCH». Ha 3TO MeCTO B CTaTbe
-111-
H.H. HerrOMH.H:I.UJ1J1:
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HallI 113BeCTHbIH HHAOAor l1.fl. MI1HaeB.
3AeCb HaM Ka)KeTCH YMeCTHbIM CAeAaTb 3KCKypC B XpOHO-
AorHIO rryrellIeCTBI1H <D. EcppeMOBa. HeKOTopbIe cyru;eCTBY-
IO He o eHKH ee rrpeACTaBA.HIOTCH OllII160qHbIMH: TaK, Ha-
rrpHMep, H.I1. BeceAOBCKI1H rrOAaraA, qTO MepBCKI1H rroxOA
OTHOCI1TCH K 1780 rOAY, a fl. KeMrr AaTl1pOBaAa rrpe6bIBaHl1e
<D. EcppeMoBa B Tl16eTe 3l1MOlO 1778/79 I1AM 1779/80 rOAa.
Ha 3acTaBY <D. EcppeMoB OTrrpaBI1ACH B I1IOHe 1774 rOAa.
Cpa)KeHl1e C rryraqeB aMI1 rrp0l130llIAO BCKope (llIeA ceHO-
KOC - 6erAe bI rrpHTaAl1Cb rrOA cKollIeHHoH TpaBoH). ABa
MeCH a OH )KI1A Y Ka3aXOB B aYAe, HO, BI1AI1MO, paHbllIe OH
AOAroe BpeMH CKI1TaACH, H60 Aopora AO EyxapbI 3aHI1Ma-
eT He 60Aee MecH a, a Me)KAY TeM rHaAI1 ero TYAa 3l1MOlO,
B caMbIH MOp03. TaKI1M 06pa30M, Y XOA)K11 f'acpypa rrAeH-
HI1K Mor OKa3aTbCH B HaqaAe 1775 rOAa, a Y)Ke BeCHOIO CTO-
P0)KI1A BXOA B rapeM aTaAbIKa AaHI1I1Aa. TaK KaK rrOCAaH-
HI1K MYAAa I1p-Ha3ap OT6bIA 113 POCCI1I1 B caMOM HaqaAe
1776 rOAa, B KOH e Toro )Ke rOAa OH A0A)KeH 6bIA rrpl16bITb
B Eyxapy. K 3TOMY BpeMeH1111 MO)KeT OTHOCI1TbCH 3rrl130A C
rrbITKoH, rrpl1CHrOH 11 Ha3HaqeHl1eM <D. EcppeMoBa Ha A0A)K-
HOCTb rreH3116allIH.
Terrepb MO)KHO HaqaTb OTCqeT C KOH a rryrellIeCTBI1H.
B aBrycTe 1782 rOAa COCTOHAOCb rrOCe eHl1e A.A. Ee360-
pOAKO B CaHKT-fleTep6ypre. CAeAOBaTeAbHO, B AHrAI1IO
Kopa6Ab 113 KaAbKyrTbI Mor rrpl16bITb B HaqaAe AeTa. Mop-
CKoe rryrellIeCTBl1e MI1MO Acppl1KH 3aHHAO B 06 eH CAO)KHO-
CTI1 rrHTb MeCH eB. flpe6bIBaHl1e B rpeqeCKOM MOHacTbIpe B
KaAbKyrTe, CAeAOBaTeAbHO, OTHOCI1TCH K 3HMe 1781/82 rOAa
AepeBHH MyareHq (HoaHraH ) HaXOAI1TCH Ha TOM PYKa-
Be YCTbH faHra, KOTOpbIH, rro HaBl1ra 110HHOH KapTe KOH a
XVIII BeKa, CYAoxoAeH AMllib qaCTb rOAa (TO eCTb oceHblO -
B ce30H AOR<AeH). OT J\aKHay AO KaAbKyrTbI rryrellIecTBeH-
HHK eXaA 6e3 3{lAep)KKI1, ToporrHCb C rrl1CbMOM K «MI1CTPY
l.JaM6epy», a 06rn;ee KOAl1qeCTBO rrepexoAoB COCTaBMIeT
OKOAO MeCH a. flyrb AeAI1 - J\aKHay 3aHl1MaeT OKOAO ABYX
HeAeAb, HO e e cAeAyeT rrpl16aBl1Tb KaKoe-TO BpeMH Ha rrpe-
6bIBaHl1e B AOMe CHMl10Ha, Y rOAllITI1HCKOrO CBH eHHI1Ka,
rrOA CTpa)KeH Y KOMeHAaHTa MHMToHa 11 T. A. MecH COCTaB-
MIlOT TaK)Ke rrepeXOAbI MeR<AY lllpl1HarapoM (KallIMl1poM) 11
AeAM, a e e MeCH - 60Ae3Hb B A?KaMMY.
-112-
PYCCKa5I J1H.D:J15I
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Aa>Ke BbI3AopOBAeHl1H 60AbHOro. no 3TOMY pacqeryr npe6bI-
BaHl1e B KallIMl1pe AOA>KHO OTHOCHTbCH K BeCHe 1781 rOAa.
CYAH no onHcaHHIO MeCTHoro KAHMaTa r ce30H 6bIA npoXAClA-
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cTByeT 0 TOM r qTO C MOMeHTa 6erCTBa 113 EyxapbI npOIliAO
AI111Ib HeCKOAbKO MeCHQeB.
npe6bIBaHl1e B J\exe (B T116eTe) npOAOA>KaAOCb OKOAO
MeCHQa. n. KeMn pe30HHO npeAnOAaraeT r qTO nyrellIecTBeH-
HI1K BbI>KI1AaA r KorAa OTKpoeTCH Aopora qepe3 nepeBaA 30A-
>K11 B KallIMl1p. Peqb r CAeAOBaTeAbHO r AOA>KHa I1ATI1 0 3l1Me
1780/81 rOAa. CYAH no OnHCaHI1IO paCTI1TeAbHOrO Ml1pa Boc-
TOqHOrO TYPKecTaHa r nyrellIecTBeHHI1K 6bIA 3AeCb oceHblO.
OH MeCHQ >KI1A B 5IpKeHAe r MeCHQ YllieA Ha noe3AKY B AKcy H
06paTHo r MeCHQ A06l1paACH AO Tl16eTa 11 ern;e MeCHQ AO KallI-
rapa. B ero I1HTepeCax 6bIAO KaK MO>KHO 6bIcTpee BbI6paTb-
CH 3a npeAeAbI EyxapcKoro xaHCTBa - B pOAM rOH a OH 11 He
I1MeA B03MO>KHOCTI1 OCTaHaBAMBaTbCH. npO>KI1Tb KaKoe:-TO
BpeMH npl111IAOCb AI111Ib B Kallirape - no ToprOBbIM AeAaM.
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KYAa r B 1780 rOAY BbICB060AHCb r npollieA MHorHe cTpaHbI B
A31111...» ECAI1 >Ke yqecTb r qTO MepBCKI1M noxoA 6bIA 3a ABa
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rOAa qepe3 nOATopa nOCAe Ha3HaqeHl1H <D. EcppeMoBa neH-
3116arnoM.
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AalOT I1MHr KOTOpbIM Ha3BaACH <D. EcppeMoB B J\aKHay (<<POA-
CTBeHHI1K reHepaAa "4epHbIrneBa») r 11 AaTa nyrerneCTBI1H.
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pyeMOMY y <D. BI1AbcpOPAa r 3aHl1MaeT ABa AHHr a <D. EcppeMOB
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POA KOKaHA «rOHeQ» npeAnOqeA 06'heXaTb CTOpOHOIO.
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-113-
H.H. HerrOMH5IIUJ1M
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rrpeBpaTHB rr06er B OTrrYCK Ha BOAIO. npl1XOA >Ke B J\aKHay C
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HO B 6pl1TaHCKYlO KOAOHl1aAbHYIO apMI1IO.
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3TOM AeAe yqaCTl1e 3HaMeHHTbIH 6pl1TaHCKl1H BOeHaQaAbHI1K
11 rrOAI1THK 3Hp KOT (0 qeM co CAOB rraTepa BeHAeAH rOBOpl1T
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llIyro 3al1HTepeCOBaHHOCTb B rryrellIeCTBl111 «pOCCI1HCKOrO
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AHTOHI1 A;>KeHKI1HCOHa, rrOqTI1 rrOAHOCTblO 6bIAl1 3aKpbITbI
M5I eBporreHQeB. KapTbI KOHQa XVIII BeKa OqeHb HpKO I1A-
AIOCTPHPYIOT COCTOHHl1e reorpacpl1qeCKI1X 3HaHI1H: paHoH
ceBepHee KallIMl1pa - KI1TaHCKI1H TypKecTaH H CpeAHHH
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flyrb, KOTOpbIM rrpollieA <D. EcppeMOB, He TOAbKO qpe3BbI-
qaHHO TpYAeH - M513arrClAHoro qeAOBeKa OH 6bIA 3arrpe eH
KI1TaHCKI1MI1 BAaCTHMI1. HecAyqaHHo rr03TOMY 113BeCTHbIH
rryrellIecTBeHHI1K reopr <DopcTep, B 1880-x rOAax qaCTl1qHO
rrOBTopHB Mapmpyr <D. EcppeMOBa rro HHAI1H - OT KaAbKyr-
TbI AO KallIMl1pa, AaAee BbIHY>KAeH 6bIA cBepHyrb K Ka6YAY
(a 3aTeM Qepe3 nepCl110 A06paACH AO KaCrrl1HCKOrO MOpH H
113 ACTpaXaHI1 rrpl1eXaA B CaHKT-neTep6ypr). Teppl1TOpl1H
Kailirapa 11 EyxapbI 11 M5I Hero OCTaBaAaCb HeBeAOMOH.
PYKOrrl1Cb <D. EcppeMOBa, rrepeAaHHaH 11M <D. BeHAeAlO,
XpaHI1AaCb B A3l1aTCKOM 06 eCTBe B KaAbKyrTe. CYAH rro
QI1TaTe, rrpHBeAeHHOH y <D. BI1AbcpOPAa, 3TO 6bIA Tl1rrHqHbIH
rryreBoH >KYPHaA, TO, QTO B CTapl1HY Ha3bIBaAOCb «AOPO>K-
HI1K». ApyrylO KOrrl11O >KypHaAa aBTOp 3aXBaTl1A C c06010 11
npl1Be3 B CaHKT-fleTep6ypr.
-114-
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AeHHblX YHTep-ocpl1QepoM Ha qY>K6I1He,- BOCCTaHOBAeH Ha
CA Y>K6e OH 6blA B 3BaHl1l1 npanOprn;l1Ka nOqTH Qepe3 rOA.
EyxapCKI1H nAeHHI1K HBHO nOAb30BaACH ycnexoM, a ero
B03Bparn;eHl1e npl1IIlAOCb KaK HeAb3H KCTaTI1. B EKaTepHHI1H-
CKYIO 3noxy B POCCI1I1 YAeMlAocb cepbe3Hoe BHHMaHl1e 113Y-
QeHl110 reorpacpHI1 A31111 H 6blTa BOCTOQHblX HapoAoB. 3KC-
neAHQl111 HanpaBMlAHCb rAaBHblM 06pa30M B TPYAHOAocryn-
-115-
H.H. HeIIOMH.H:I.UJ1M
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KaMqaTKY, Ha CeBepHbIH KaBKa3, B MOHrOAhCKl1e H Kl1prl13-
KaHCaU;KHe CTeIIH. 0 CTpaHaX, paCIIOAO>KeHHbIX B u;eHTpe
A31111, K lOry OT rpaHI1U; I1MIIepl1l1, COCTaBMIAOCb IIpeACTaB-
AeHl1e AHIIIb IIO cAyqaHHbIM CBeAeHI15IM.
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pbIBaMI1 B AeC5ITHAeTI15I: TO OTqeT 0 Eyxape IIOCAa <DAOpHO
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AaHI1AbI PyxaBKI1Ha B CepeAI1He BeKa.
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CYAapCTBaX 3apy6e>KHOH A3Hl1 B nOCAeAHHe rOAbI npaBAe-
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3TO Y>Ke 6bIAO II03>Ke nepBoro 113AaHI15I 3aIIl1COK <DI1AHIIna
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6bIBaA MaHop EAaHKeHHareAh, npHrAaIIIeHHbIH M5I 113Ae-
qeHH5I 60AhHbIX rAa3 xaHCKoro pOAl1qa. OH COCTaBI1A o eT
o TOM, qTO BI1AeA 11 CAhI III aA. BepHYAC5I B POCCHIO fepaCI1M
CTeIIaHOBl1q J\e6eAeB, OCHOBaBIIIHH B 1790-x rOAax B KaAh-
Kyrre IIepBbIH 6eHraAhCKHH TeaTp. OH, KaK 11 <D. EcppeMOB,
HO Y>Ke IIPH AAeKcaHApe I, CAY>KHA nepeBOAql1KOM B A3I1aT-
CKOM AenapTaMeHTe. f.C. J\e6eAeB ony6AHKOBaA KHl1ry 0 Be-
pOBaHI15IX 11 06bIqa5IX 6paxMaHoB BOCTOqHOH HHAI1I1.
Co CAOB apM5IHCKI1X KyrIU;OB fpl1rOpH5I H AaHI1AhI ATa-
HaCOBbIX AeAaAHCb 3aIIl1Cl1 0 IIpoHAeHHbIx I1MI1 B 1790-
1791 rOAax MapIIIpyrax OT CpeAHeH A31111 AO HHAI1H qepe3
BOCTOqHbIH TypKecTaH.
fpY3HHCKl1H ABOp5IHI1H PacpaHAAaHl16eraIIIBHAH paccKa-
3aA B He60AhIIIOH KHI1>KI1u;e 0 CBOI1X cTpaHCTBI15IX IIO HHAI1I1
Haql1Ha5I C 1795 rOAa (n03HaKOMHMC5I C HI1MI1 HI1>Ke).
Kyneu; HCMal1A EeKMyxaMeAoB onl1CaA (Ha TaTapcKoM
5I3bIKe) CBOI1 MHorOAeTHl1e nyreIIIeCTBH5I no XI1Be I1l3yxape,
HpaHY H HHAI1I1, ApaBHl1, OaAeCTI1He, TypU;l1l1.
ApyroH TaTapHH, fy6aHAYAAa AMl1pOB, IIOA06HO <D. Ecp-
peMoBY, 6bIA 3aXBaqeH Ka3aXaMl1 BO BpeM5I OyraQeBCKOro
6YHTa, a 3aTeM qepe3 Eyxapy IIOnaA B MepB, fepaT, KaHAa-
rap 11 npoexaA BCIO CeBepHYIO HHAI1IO. BepHYBIIII1Cb HaKO-
Heu; B POCCHIO, OH CAY>KI1A nepeBOAQI1KOM B OpeH6ypre 11
OCTaBI1A 3anl1CKH 0 «TpaKTe Qpe3 EyxapHIO AO KaAhKyrTbI».
ECTb C006 eHH5I H 0 PYCCKI1X nAeHHI1KaX, A06paBIIII1X-
C5I AO pOAHHbI Qepe3 HeCKOAhKO AeC5ITHAeTI1H npe6bIBaHH5I
-116-
PYCCKa.H J1H.D:J1.H
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Ae3l1HCKOH KperrOCTl1, 6bIA rrpOAaH B pa6CTBO B Eyxapy B
1775 rOAY, a BepHyrbcH eMY YAaAOCb AMllib rrOqTI1 qepe3 rrOA-
BeKa, B 1821 rOAY.
MHOrl1X, KTO rr06bIBaA Ha BocToKe, paCCrrpallIl1BaAH 0
TOM, qTO OH CMor rrOBI1AaTb, HO AaAeKO He BcerAa TaKI1M 06-
pa30M YAaBaAOCb rroAyql1Tb XOTb CKOAhKO-HI16YAb QeHHbIe
CBeAeHI1H.
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XBaTaAO. OTqeTbI rrOAYBeKOBOH AaBHOCTI1 YCTapeAl1, pac-
crrpOCbI BOCTOqHbIX ToprOBQeB 6bIAl1 MaAOpe3YAbTaTI1BHbI.
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6ypra C KapaBaHOM A. XaHAI1Ha M5I HaAa>KHBaHI1H rrOCTO-
HHHOH TOprOBAI1 C ¥IHAl1eH, BepHYACH AI111Ib qepe3 35 AeT.
MaHopa EAaHKeHHareASl B XHBe cOAep>KaAH rrOqTH KaK
rrAeHHI1Ka, B3arrepTI1. OH 6bIA rreperroAHeH 3MOQI1 MI1, HO
MaAO qTO Mor paccKa3aTb 0 cTpaHe. C 60AbllIOH rrpeAyrrpe-
AI1TeAbHOCTbIO rrpl1HI1MaAl1 B POCCHI1 6yxapcKoro rrocAaH-
HI1Ka MYAAY ¥Ip-Ha3apa, BCHqeCKH CTapaHCb qepe3 Hero
HaAClAI1Tb KOHTaKTbI. BocrrOAb30BaBllIHCb ero Bl13HTOM, B
1781 rOAY 113 OpeH6ypra B Eyxapy OTrrpaBHAI1 rrepeBoA-
ql1Ka MeHAHHpa EeKqypl1Ha. OpeH6yprCKl1H ry6epHaTOp
¥IBaH PeHHCAoprr AaA eMY 06CTOHTeAbHbIH HaKa3 pa3Y-
3HaTb rrorrOAP06Hee 0 «rrOAHTHqeCKOM 11 cpl13HqeCKOM Ta-
MOIliHeM COCTOHHI1I1», «cOAep>KaTb BceH TaMOIlIHeH 6bITHO-
CTH rrOBceAHeBHbIH >KypHaA I1AH >Ke I1HaKO XOTH H KpaTKYIO
3arrl1CKY 11 3aMeqaHI1H». Ho M. EeKqypl1H rrpl1HHT 6bIA rrAO-
XO, BCKope OTrrpaBAeH 06paTHO 11 rrOqTI1 He BI1AeA Aa>Ke caM
CTOAl1qHbIH ropoA.
¥I BOT YAaqa - HMeHHO B 3TO BpeMH B CaHKT-neTep6ypr
11 rrpl1eXaA <DI1AMrrrr EcppeMoB, COTHI1K-1036allIl1 6yxapCKOH
apMl1l1, rro c06CTBeHHOH HHI1Ql1aTHBe BeAllIl1H TOT caMbIH
>KYPHaA I1AM «XOTH 6bI KpaTKyro 3arrI1CKY». Ero PYKorrl1Cb AO-
BOAbHO TOqHO OTpa>KaAa Te Tpe60BaHHH, KOTopbIe AOA>KHbI
6bIAM CTaBHTbCH rrepeA rryrellIeCTByrorn;l1MI1 rro MaAOH3BeCT-
HbIM CTpaHaM. OTrrpaBAHH A>KopA>Ka EorAH B Tl16eT, YoppeH
XaCTI1HrC AaBaA eMY I1HCTPYKQHIO 3arrl1CbIBaTb B rryreBoM
AHeBHI1Ke, KaKOBbI TaM AOpOrl1, KAHMaT, eAa H HpaBbI >KI1Te-
AeH. EYATO cAeAYH TaKoH >Ke HHCTPYKQHI1, CTpOHT CBoe rro-
BeCTBOBaHl1e H Halli COOTeqeCTBeHHHK.
-117-
H. H. HerrOMHH:I.UJ1J1:
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CAeAyID eM BeKe TpYAaMI1 E. MeMeHAOpcpa 11 H. XaHbIKOBa 0
Eyxape, H. MypaBbeBa 11 r. AaHI1AeBCKOrO 0 XI1Be H MHOrHMI1
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Y. MypKpOcpT OTMeqaA, qTO CpeAH5I5I A31151 xY>Ke 113BeCTHa B
EBporre, He>KeAH U:eHTpaAbHa5I Acppl1Ka. TaK KaK MJI eBpo-
neMQeB Aopora B Eyxapy 113 ¥IHAI1I1 qepe3 KI1TaMCKI1M TypKe-
CTaH 6bIAa 3aKpbITa, no ero nopyqeHl11O ee pa3BeAaA B 1812-
1813 rOAax MecTHbIM ypO>KeHeQ Ml1p ¥I33eT Y AAa. Ho K TOMY
BpeMeHI1 Y>Ke 3a6bIAOCb, qTO «pOCCI1MCKI1M YHTep-ocpI1Qep»
onl1CaA 3TOT nyrb TpHAQaTblO rOAaMI1 paHee.
nepBa51 peAaKQI151 «AeB5ITI1AeTHero cTpaHCTBI151» AaTI1-
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Bpa eHI151 aBTopa 113 OpeH6ypra). B 3TO BpeM5I OH CAY>KI1A
B A3l1aTCKOM AerrapTaMeHTe. no BceH BHAI1MOCTI1, <D. Ecppe-
MOB He rrOAb30BaAC5I HI1KaKI1MI1 rrOC061151MI1 H Aa>Ke reorpa-
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Kpl1nQI1H Ha3BaHHH He qYBCTByeTc5I HH MaAeHrnerO BAH5I-
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KOTOpbIMI1 OH Y>Ke He pa3 AeAHAC5I CO cAyrnaTeMIMI1 rrOCAe
B03Bpa eHH5I.
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CKoro AOMa. TeKCT Harrl1CaH aKKypaTHbIM rrOqepKOM Toro
BpeMeHI1. nYHKryaQI151 BeCbMa np0I13BOAbHa, HO opcporpa-
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qepKHyrbI TeMI1 >Ke qepHI1AaMI1, a Ha nOMIX Ha3BaHI151 nOBTO-
peHbI 11 BbIAeAeHbI OCHOBHbIe CMbICAOBbIe KYCKI1.
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VI HAI1 11 11 B03Bpa eHl1e oTryAa qpe3 AHrAHIO B POCCI1IO. nl1-
caHHoe 11M CaMI1M. B CaHKT-neTep6ypre, rreqaTaHO C A03BO-
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-118-
PYCCKaH J1H.D:J1H
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nOHBI1ACH B rreqaTHOM H3AaHl1l1 11 AOBOAbHO 0611IHpHbIH
HOBbIH pa3AeA - 0 T116eTe. OH Harrl1CaH He06bIqHbIM M5I aB-
Topa CTI1AeM, yrroTpe6M1IOTcH HHbIe CAOBa (HarrpI1Mep, BMe-
CTO «B03AYX» - «KAI1MaT» H T. A.). npOHBMleTCH I1HTepeC K
TeM CIO>KeTaM, KOTopbIe He 3aHl1MalOT COql1HI1TeMi B APY-
rl1X qaCTHX ero TpYAa: OTpa>KeHbI, Harrpl1Mep, BepOBaHI1H 11
Ml1cpbI TH6eTIJ;eB.
KpoMe Toro, 3Aecb cOAep>KaTCH rrpHMbIe CCbIAKI1 Ha
0611Il1pHbIH TPYA cppaHIJ;Y3a )K. Ae rl1HH 11 Ha 6e3bIMHH-
HbIX rryrellIecTBeHHI1KOB, rroCe aBIlII1X pa3Al1QHbIe paH-
OHbI T116eTa. 3.M. Myp3aeB 3aMeQaeT, QTO aBTop «OCHO-
BaTeAbHO rr03HaKOMl1ACH C AI1TepaTYPoH» 11 «3TO AeAaeT
eMY qeCTb». Pa3AeA 0 Tl16eTe AeHCTBI1TeAbHO HarrHcaH Ha
OCHOBe AI1TepaTypbI, HO OH BOBce He rrpHHaAAe>KI1T <D. Ecp-
peMOBY. 3TO 6YKBaAbHbIH rrepeBOA C HeMeIJ;KOrO CTaTbl1
VI.<D. raKMaHa.
-119-
H.H. HerrOMHHII(J1J1:
=
=
BTopoe H3AaHHe n05lBHAOCb B 1794 rOAY. BHAHMO, <D. Ecp-
peMoB, HaxoAHBllIHHC5I TorAa B OTCTaBKe, HcnbITbIBaA 3Ha-
qHTeAbHbIe cpHHaHcoBbIe TPYAHOCTH - Y Hero 6bIAa CeMb5l,
He MeHee ABYX AeTeH, Tex caMbIX, KOTopbIe B 1811 rOAY qHC-
AHAHCb Ha BoeHHoH cAY)K6e. 113AaTeAbCKHe pacxoAbI npH-
H5IA Ha ce651 AHTepaTOp neTp EorAaHOBHq. Ha THryAe 3Ha-
qHAOCb: «CTpaHcTBoBaHHe HaABopHoro COBeTHHKa Ecppe-
MOBa... HOBoe, HcnpaBAeHHoe H YMHO)KeHHOe H3AaHHe.
B CaHKT-neTep6ypre 1794 rOAa. TIeqaTaHO Ha H>KAHBeHHI1
TI.E. H npoAaeTc5I Ha HeBcKoH nepcneKTHBe Y AHHqKOBa MO-
cry B AOMe rpacpa A.A. 3y60Ba».
KHH)KKa <DHAHnna EcppeMoBa paCCMaTpHBaAaCb KaK co-
qHHeHHe no reorpacpHH 11 3THorpacpHH MaAOH3BeCTHbIX
CTpaH BOCTOKa. OAHaKo qHTaAa ee H He OqeHb 06pa30BaH-
Ha51 ny6AHKa. nOCAeAHlO1O npHBAeKaA paCCKa3 0 CTPaAaHH-
51X H npeBpaTHOCT5IX CYAb6bI, npeOAOAeHHbIX KaK YAaqeH,
TaK H CHAOH Ayxa «pOCCHHCKoro YHTep-ocpHQepa», B KOHQe
KOHQOB BepHYBllIerOC5I AOMOH H MHAOCTHBO npHH5ITOrO ro-
CYAapbIHeH HMnepaTpHQeH.
HaAo oTAaTb A0A)KHOe <D. EcppeMOBY - OH He CTpeMHA-
C5I nopa3HTb qHTaTeMl qYAecaMH, HHrAe He cryrn;aA KpaCKH,
CTporo 3a60THAC5I 0 AOCTOBepHOCTH nOBeCTBOBaHH5I. MaHe-
pa H3AO)KeHH5I ero, KaK npaBHAO, npeAeAbHO AaKOHI1QHa -
H HepeAKO npHxOAHTC5I Aa)Ke AOCaAOBaTb, qTO aBTOp CTOAb
AeAOBHT H cyx.
TIocAe MHorHX nepeMeH B cAY)Ke6HOH Kapbepe <D. Ecp-
peMOB B CeHT5I6pe 1810 rOAa KaK neHcHoHep nOCeMleTC5I C
ceMbeH B Ka3aHH. 3Aecb OH 3HaKOMHTC5I C MOAOAbIM MarH-
CTpOM I1CTOpHqeCKHX HaYK TIeTpoM CepreeBHqeM KOHAbI-
peBbIM (1789- nOCAe 1823), TorAa nOMOrn;HI1KOM 6116AHO-
TeKap5l, qHTaBIlIHM B YHHBepcHTeTe AeKQHH no Bce06rn;eH
I1CTOpHH, reorpacpl1l1 H CTaTHCTHKe. TIocAeAHHM npl1H5IA Ha
ce651 nOAroToBKY TpeTbero 113AaHH5I KHHrl1. OnHcaHHe ny-
TellIeCTBH5I OH qaCTl1qHO 3aMeHHA nepecKa30M B TpeTbeM
AI1Qe, A06aBHB - OqeBI1AHO, no >KeAaHHIO caMoro repo51 -
113AO>KeHHe AaAbHeMIlIHX C06bITI1M B ero )KH3HI1. BTOPYIO
)Ke qaCTb - onHcaHHe CTpaH BOCTOKa - TI.C. KOHAbIpeB
3Haql1TeAbHO paCllIl1pl1A, npeBpaTHB B CBoero pOAa 06-
rn;ee noc0611e no reorpacpl1l1. CTI1Ab, OTAHqaBllII1MC5I npe-
>KAe rpy60BaToM BbIpa3HTeAbHocTblO, CTaA T5I)KeAOBeCHO-
yqeHbIM.
-120-
PYCCKa51 J1H.IJ:J1.H
=
=
B CepeAHHe BeKa «CTpaHCTBOBaHHe» <D. EcppeMOBa 6bIAO
nOQTI1 nOAHOCTblO 3a6bITO. HeKOTOpbIH HHTepeC OHO BbI3Ba-
AO AHllIb B nepHOA PYCCKHX 3aBOeBaHH'H B CpeAHeH A31111.
TorAa B E)KeHeAeAbHHKe «HOBOe BpeM5I» n05lBHAC5I paCCKa3
o HeM, 03arAaBAeHHbIH «PYCCKHH nyrellIecTBOBaTeAb nOHe-
BOAe B A3HH». CYAH no apXHBHbIM MaTepHaAaM, H.n. MH-
HaeB npeAnOAaraA nOArOTOBHTb HOBoe, KOMMeHTHpOBaH-
Hoe H3AaHHe TeKCTa. B 1893 rOAY M.H. CeMeBcKHH B «Pyc-
CKOH cTapHHe» ony6AMKOBaA PYKonHCHbIH BapHaHT, HO, K
CO)KaAeHHIO, 3TO H3AaHHe He npHBAeKAO BHHMaHH5I H Bno-
CAeAcTBHH nOQTH He HCnOAb30BaAOCb HCCAeAOBaTeMIMH.
B 1950 rOAY B reorpacprH3e BbIIlIAa nepeneQaTKa «AeB5ITH-
AeTHero CTpaHCTBOBaHH5I» no TeKcry 1786 rOAa C HeKOTO-
pbIMH cOKparn;eHH5IMH H KOMMeHTapHeM 3.M. Myp3aeBa -
npeHMyrn;ecTBeHHo no qaCTH reorpacpHH. nOqTH 6e3 H3Me-
HeHHH H3AaHHe 6bIAO nOBTopeHo B 1952 rOAY.
B CnpaBOQHOH AMTeparype 0 <D. EcppeMoBe nOBTOp5lIOTC5I
06bIqHO Te CBeAeHH5I, KOTopbIe 6bIAM C006rn;eHbI n:c. KOH-
AbIpeBbIM. rOA CMepTH nyrellIecTBeHHHKa He YCTaHOBAeH.
CAeAyeT nOAqepKHyrb TaKyIO peAKyIO oc06eHHOCTb 3a-
nHCOK, KaK TOqHillI nepeAaqa MeCTHbIX Ha3BaHHH. AOCTaTOq-
HO cpaBHHTb ecppeMOBCKHH TeKCT C PYCCKHMH HAM eBponeH-
CKHMH KapTaMH A3HH KOHQa XVIII - HaqaAa XIX BeKa, qTO-
6bI y6eAI1TbC5I B 6eccnopHbIx ero AOCTOHHCTBax. <D. EcppeMoB
TOHKO pearHpOBaA Ha cpoHeTHqeCKHe oc06eHHocTH AaJKe Tex
513bIKOB, KOTopbIe 6bIAH eMY cOBepllIeHHo He3HaKOMbI.
Ho eABa AM He rAaBHoe, qeM cnoc06Ha npHBAeqb qHTaTe-
MI He60AbllIa51 KHI1)KHQa nyrellIecTBeHHHKa, - KpaCOqHbIl1:
06pa3 CTpaH BOCTOKa, KorAa OHH eABa BcrynHAH B conpH-
KOCHOBeHHe C 3anClAOM, H He MeHee 51PKHH 06AMK PYCCKoro
qeAOBeKa, Ha HcxOAe XVIII CTOAeTH5I cOBepllIHBllIero CTOAb
He06bIKHoBeHHoe, XOT5I H HeBOAbHOe nyrellIeCTBl1e.
(no MamepUQAaM A. BuraCUHa.)
.. .I1HJJ:OCTAH
(113 KHuru (/)UAunna EcjJpeMOBa, POCcuiiCKoro YHmep-ocjJu-
u,epa, Komopblii HblHe npanopw,UKOM, geBRmUAemHee cmpaH-
cmBOBaHue U npUKAlOlJ.eHUR B Eyxapuu, XUBe, nepCUU U I1H-
-121-
H.H. HerrOMHHII(J1J1:
=
=
guu u B03BpaUl,eHUe ommyga 1.J.pe3 AHrAulO B POCCUlO, nucaH-
HOe UM caMUM B CaHKm-nemep6ypre 1784 roga.)
EOAbllIYIO qaCTb rOAa B03AYX 3AeCb YMepeHHbIl1:, AeTOM
>KapbI qpe3BbIqaHHbI. OOBepxHocTb 3eMAH pOBHaH, rop
BeCbMa MaAO HAH nOqTH COBceM HeT; nOqBa cepoBaTaH, ne-
CKOB He HaXOAHTCH; TOAbKO B HeKOTopbIX MeCTax 3eMMI YAO-
6pHeTCH; BnpOqeM, OHa BeCbMa nAOAopOAHa H nOqTH Be3Ae
B03AeAaHa; nYCTbIX MeCT OqeHb HeMHoro. 3eMA.5I npOM3BO-
AHT Bce He06xOAHMO HY>KHOe, CAY>Karn;ee M5I nOAb3bI H YAO-
BOAbCTBHH; HeMaAOe KOAHqeCTBO c06HpaeTCH COPOqHHCKOro
nllIeHa, npoca, AHMOHOB, nOMepaHQeB, BHHHbIX HrOA, rpaHa-
TOB, KOKOCOBbIX opeXOB, llIeAKY, caxaPY-AeAeHQY H XAOrrqa-
TOH 6YMarH; HaXOAHTCH TaK>Ke PYAOKonHbIe 3aBOAbI, 30AO-
TbIe H cepe6pHHbIe, >KeMqyr, aAMa3bI H APyrHe AoporHe Ka-
MeHbH. BeCbMa MHoro CAOHOB, APOMClAepOB, AbBOB, THrpOB H
6apCOB; Aecy MaAO.
J\.IOAH, no npHqHHe 60AbllIHX >KapOB, qepHbI, AeHHBbI H
BeCbMa CAaCTOAlO6HBbI; H3bIK apa6CKHH ynoTpe6MIeTCH
HMH npH yqeHbIx 3aHHTHHX, a ry3ypaTCKHH B AeAax Topro-
BbIX. MY>KeCKOH nOA XOAHT Har. rOAOBbI 06BepTbIBaIOT KY-
llIaKaMH, Ha Horax HMeIOT rycpAH, a Ha nAeqa HaKHAbIBalOT
llIHpOKHe KYllIaKH; qpeCAa CBOI1 H ropa3AO HH>Ke HX onOH-
CbIBalOT KallIeMHpCKHMH KYllIaKaMH, Ha3bIBaeMbIMH Y Hac
llIaAH. AOCTaTOqHbIe AIOAH B oAe>KAe OTAHqalOTCH TeM, qTO
Ha llIee HOCHT 30AOToe O>KepeAbe HanoA06He >KeMqY>KHOrO
M B OAHOM yxe KOAbQO, a Ha PYKe nepcTeHb. )KeHrn;HHbI Ha-
KHAbIBalOT Ha rOAOBbI nAaTKH; Py6allIKH HMelOT BeCbMa KO-
pOTKHe C PYKaBaMH B ABa BepllIKa H nOKpbIBalOT nOqTH OAHY
rpYAb; 106KM MMHHbI; Ha Horax HOCHT 6allIMaKH, Y AOCTaTOq-
HbIX >Ke B YllIax, H03APHX H Ha PYKax KOAbQbI 11 nepCTHI1 C
6pHAAMaHTaMH.
B CTpaHe, no 06e CTOpOHbI peKH raHr Ae>Karn;eM, B03AYX
BeCbMa >KapKHH; HapOA QBeTOM qepeH, pocry cpeAHero; 3eM-
A.5I M306HAyeT pa3AI1qHbIMI1 rrpOH3BeAeHHHMM, TaK>Ke >KeM-
qyroM H aAMa3aMM, OC06AI1BO K 6eperaM KopOMaHAeAbCKI1M.
CaxapHoro TPOCTHMKY, Ha3bIBaeMoro 3AeCb HaHllIaKap, Ha-
XOAHTCH B 60AbllIOM KOAHqeCTBe; M3 Hero AeAaIOT caxap M
CMAHT BMHO M5I ce6H M Ha npOAa>KY. )KHTeAH HpaBa rpy60-
ro, He CTOAb pa3YMHbI, AeHMBbI, pa60ry OTnpaBA.5IIOT HeBOAb-
HMKaMI1.
-122-
PYCCKaH J1H.IJ:J1H
=
=
Bo BCeM I1HAHM 3HaTHbIe e3MIT no 60AbllIeH qaCTM Ha
CAOHax, Ha KOHX KAa.Ayr C 30HTHKaMH 51ID;HKH, a B 51ID;HKH KO-
Bep H nOAYIlIKY, nepBbIe 06MTbI CYKHOl\1, nOA30p >Ke Y 30H-
THKOB BbIIlIHT llIeAKOM C 30AOTOlO, cepe6p5lHOlO HAH llIeAKO-
BOlO 6axpOMOIO, CMOTp51 no AOCTaTKY X0351HHa. ApyrHe BMe-
CTO e3AbI Ha CAOHax ynoTpe6A.511OT HOCHAKH, TO eCTb 51ID;HKM
BbIIlIHHOIO B qeTBepTb, MHHOIO B ABa, a IlIHpHHOIO B nOATopa
apllIHHa, C 30HTHKaMH; HX 06HBalOT pa3AMqHbIMH CYKHaMH
C nOA30paMH H 6axpOMaMH. BnepeAH Y 51ID;HKa yrBep>KAeHO
BbIrHyroe AepeBO, a C3a.AH np5lMOe BbIKpallIeHHoe. ECAH C5I-
AeT B OHbIH qeAOBeK AOBOAbHO T5I>KeAbIH, TO cnepeAI1 H C3a-
AH no qeTbIpe H no n5lTH qeAOBeK Hecyr ero Ha ce6e nonepe-
MeHHO, a BnepeAH OAHH HAeT C TpOCTbIO M5I OqHID;eHH5I AO-
porH. I1HbIe AeAalOT qeTBepoyroAbHyIO 6YAKY IlIHpHHOIO H
AJlliHOIO B nOATopa, a BbIIlIHHOIO 6e3 MaAOrO B ABa apllIHHa
CO CTeKA.5lHHbIMH ABepbMH no ABYM CTopOHaM H 06HBaIOT KO-
>KelO. TaKOBbIe HOCHAKH Ha3bIBaIOTC5I naAKH. J\.OllIa.AeH >Ke
I1MeAH TaM BeCbMa MaAO; HX npHBOMIT TYAa M5I ToprOBAH H3
ApyrMX 3eMeAb H npOAalOT OqeHb Aoporo; B KOPMY TepH5IT
TaK>Ke 60AbllIOM HeAOCTaTOK: OT cero CXOAHee HMeTb ABa.A-
u;aTb qeAOBeK, He>KeAH COAep>KaTb OAHY AOllIa.Ab.
MHorHe H3 HHAeHIJ;eB BepbI MarOMeTaHCKOH MAH HAO-
AOnOKAOHHHqeCKOH, OTqaCTH >Ke H xpHCTHaHCKOH. BeCbMa
3HaTHa51 qaCTb 60rOTBopHT COAHIJ;e, MeC5IIJ;, 3Be3AbI, KOpOB,
60ABaHOB H APyrHe TBOpeHH5I 11 npHHOCHT 11M >KepTBbI. 00-
KAOH5IIOID;HeC5I COAHIJ;Y npH BOCXO>KAeHHH OHoro BXOMIT B
peKY no KOAeHa H rA.5lMIT Ha Hero, qHTaIOT MOAHTBY, nAeID;yr
K HeMY BBepx pa3a TPH B MeC5IIJ; BOAY; HHorAa TaK>Ke rA.5lMIT
Ha Hero, qHTalOT 11 6pocalOT 3eMAIO BBepx TPH pa3a. OOqH-
TaIOID;He KOPOBY He y6HBalOT ee M BOBce He eMIT rOB5IAHHbI,
a Aep>KaT CKOTHHY TOAbKO M5I MOAOKa H MaCAa; KorAa OHa
M3AOXHeT, TO CHHMalOT KO>KY H AeAalOT M3 Hee canorM, eCAI1
KTO M3 HHOBepIJ;eB B03HaMepI1TC5I OHyIO y6HTb, TO nOKyrra-
IOT, He HMe51 >Ke AOCTaTKY Ha qTO KyrrHTb, nAaqyr.
1..JT5IID;Me 60ABaHOB HAM HCTYKaHOB CTaB5IT MX no 60AbllIeM
qaCTM Ha nepeKpeCTKax; OqepTHB Y peKM M5I CBoero ceMeM-
CTBa KpyrAoe MeCTO, BbIMa3bIBalOT ero KOpOBbHM, pa3BeAeH-
HbIM B BOAe KaAOM, Ha cpeAHHY CTaB5IT KOTeA; KaK CKOpO Me-
CTO CHe BbICOXHeT, TO Bce OHM CaAHTC5I B qepTY M TeM >Ke Ha-
B030M BMeCTO APOB Bap5lT M5I ce651 nHID;Y, CBapHBIlIM OHYIO,
eMIT M nOTOM npMXOMIT K 60ABaHaM M MaCAOM MAM pa3Be-
-123-
H. H. HerrOMH.H:rn::WJ1:
=
=
AeHHOIO B BOAe KpaCKOlO, a HHorAa H BOAOIO 06AHBalOT HM
rOAOBbI. 3aMeTHM rrpH ceM, qTO BapeHHe rrHrn;H B AOMax npo-
HCXOAHT TaKHM )Ke 06pa30M; eCAH KTO BO BpeM5I BapeHH5I
rrpHAeT qero-AH60 rrpOCHTb, TorAa HM CB051 rrHrn;a COAeAbIBa-
eTC5I Y)Ke rroraHOIO, ee oTAalOT rrpHllIeAllieMY C Tpe60BaHH-
eM 3a CHe AeHer, BO qTO caMHM X0351eBaM CTOHT; B cAyqae He-
rrAaTe)Ka OHbIX caMbIH CYA rrpHKa3bIBaeT 3arrAaTHTb, OAHaKO
)K eCAH rrpHllIeAIlIHH 3HaeT CHH 06p5lAbI. TeAa YMepllIHX CO-
)KHralOT Y peKH H rrOTOM rrerreA C KOCT5IMH CMeTalOT B OHyro.
CAyqaeTC5I, qTO 60AbHOrO, He HMelOrn;ero rrOqTH ABH)KeHH5I H
5I3bIKa, rrpHHOC5IT K peKe, 6AH3 BOAbI Ca)KaIOT Ha 3eMAIO; CTa-
pbIH qeAOBeK, a 6YAe eCTb, TO )KeHa, CbIH HAH pOACTBeHHHK
6epeT 60AbHOI'0 3a rOAOBY H OKYHbIBaeT AOTOAe, rrOKa OH 3a-
XAe6HeTC5I, rrOCAe qero COBceM CTaAKHBaeT ero B BOAY. Kor-
Aa BOAa rrpH6bIBaeT OT MopCKoro rrpHAHBa, TO TeAa, HOC5Irn;H-
eC5I Ha rrOBepXHOCTH OHOH, rrpH OTAHBe BMeCTe C TeqeHHeM
BOAbI yrrAbIBalOT B Mope.
KaAbKyrTa, HAH KaAbKaTTa, CTOHT Ha rrpaBOH CTOpO-
He raHra, MeCTOrrOAO)KeHHe HMeeT pOBHoe, TaKOBbIe )Ke
H OKpeCTHOCTH, YAHQbI 3AellIHHe rrp5lMbI H IlIHpOKH, AOMbI
rro 60AbllIeM qaCTH KaMeHHbIe H qaCTO AOBOAbHO orpOMHbI.
rOpOA B OKPY)KHOCTH MeHee AeAH BABoe; B HeM HaXOA5IT-
C5I rpeqeCKHH MOHaCTbIpb, MHorHe aHrAHHCKHe QepKBH,
HeCKOAbKO MarOMeTaHCKHX MeqeTeM H 60AbllIoe KOAHqe-
CTBO HHAeHCKHX KarrHrn;. )KHTeAH Cyrb aHrAHqaHe, rpeKH
H MHorHe pOAbI HHAeHQeB. rOpOA KaAbKyrTa eCTb rAaBHoe
MeCTO AJ\5f. Bcex aHrAHHCKHX BAaAeHHH B I1HAHH. CaAOB
3AeCb, TaK >Ke KaK H B rrpOqHX HHAeHCKHX ropOAax, BeCbMa
MHoro. He B AaAbHeM paCCT05lHHH HaXOAHTC5I Mope; peKa
>Ke rrpH KaAbKyrTe AOBOAbHO BeAHKa, IlIHpHHOIO C rrOA-
BepCTbI H OqeHb rAy60Ka, TaK qTO CYAa CB060AHO Moryr
e3AHTb K caMOMY ropOAY rrOqTH BO BC5IKOe BpeM5I; 6epe-
ra He KpyrbI, OAHaKO >K AeBbIH 6eper ropa3AO BbIllie rrpa-
Boro. PaCCT05lHHe OT ropOAa AO MOp5l, rrpOCTHpaIOrn;eeC5I
BepCT Ha TpHAQaTb, HarrOAHeHO, TaK CKa3aTb, CeAeHH5IMH
HHAeMCKHMH. B KaAbKyrTe HaXOAHTC5I He60AbllIa51 Kpe-
nOCTb, OKpY>KeHHa51 KaMeHHbIMH CTeHaMH H 6allIH5IMH H
3aKAlOqalOrn;a51 B ce6e 3AaHH5I AA5I COl\AaT H coxpaHeHH5I
BoeHHbIX CHap5lAOB. B rrpeAMeCTH5IX eCTb ABa BeCbMa 06-
IlIHpHbIe KaMeHHbIe KapaBaH-capaH Ha 06pa3eQ rrpOqHX
a3HMCKHX.
-124-
OD:J1CCE5I rEP ACJ1MA JIEEED:EBA
= -
- =
Ero 6MorpacpMIO npMIlIAocb BOCCTaHaBAHBaTb no KPY-
nMQaM.
repacMM CTenaHOBHQ J\.e6eAeB (1749-1817) npoHcxoAHA
H3 AYXOBHOM ceMbH. C006rn;eHH5I cOBpeMeHHHKoB 0 ero Kpe-
nOCTHOM npOHCXOJKAeHHM 01lIH60qHbI. POAHHOM, B03MO)K-
HO, 6bIA 5IpocAaBAb. OAapeHHbIH MY3bIKaHT-BMOAOHqeAHCT,
J\.e6eAeB conpOBOJKAaA rpacpa KHPHAAY rpHrOpbeBHqa Pa3-
YMoBcKoro B 1777 rOAY B BeHY, a 0TTYAa OAHH noeXaA B na-
pH)K H B J\.OHAOH.
113 AHrAHH J\.e6eAeB OTnpaBHAC5I B l1HAHIO, rAe nepBbIe
ABa rOAa pa60TaA MY3bIKaHTOM B Ma.Apace, a 3aTeM nepee-
XaA B KaAbKyr'ry, rAe n03HaKOMMAC5I C 6eHraAbQeM rO-!\OK-
XHaTXOM AaCOM (AaIlIOM), Y KOToporo yqHAC5I 6eHraAbCKO-
MY, XHHAH H caHCKpH'ry, a caM 06yqaA CBoero yqHTeA.51 eBpo-
neHCKOH MY3bIKe.
(3anUCKa r.c. Ae6egeBa 0 ero )J(U3HU U geRmeAbHOCmU B
l1HgUU.)
12 cjJeBpOA5l 1785 roga $I. OmnAblA U3 rp3BceHga Ha Kopa6Ae
nOllmeHHou Ocm-l1HgcKou KOMnaHUU «PogHeu» nog ynpaB-
AeHueM KanumaHa Y3KMaHa U HanpaBUAcR B nopmcMym, om-
Kyga 25 Mapma Mbl npogOAJKUAU nymewecmBue K 4eAU Hawe-
ro Ha3HalleHUR - Magpacy (Ha3blBaeMoMY malOKe (/)opmoM
CB. reopra B llecmb aHrAuucKoro cBRmoro) Ha KopoMaH-
geAbcKoM no6epe)J(be B Ocm-l1Hguu. AHrAuucKoe noceAe-
Hue, menepb Bmopoe no 3HalleHUlO, HO paHee nepBoe U3 npu-
HagAe)J(aw,ux Ocm-l1HgcKOU KOMnaHUU - BBUgy moro llmo
KopOAeBCKaR nQAama lOcmu4uu, c03gaHHaR OKOAO 1773-
1777 rogoB (gama pacxogumcR y pa3HbLX aBmopoB) B (/)opm-
BUAbRMe, npugQAa eMY 60Abwee 3HalleHue. nQAama 06W,UH,
KOHellHo, npeB30WAa MagpaccKue Cygbl, BO rAaBe Komopblx
cmoum mOAbKO maK Ha3blBaeMblu «rpa)J(gaHcKuu M3p» B
mYllHblu COBem MUHucmpOB, KomopblU KaK-mo, mOMRCb om
eguHcmBeHHoro KywaHuR - nAOBa HaBa6a (Ha606a), YAYll-
-125-
H.H. HerrOMHHIIJ:J1J1:
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mUACR 0 ce6e, llmo, KOHellHO, HY)/(HO npU3Hamb, 6bLAO Hau6o-
Aee BepHblM nymeM nOKa3amb MUpy CBOlO geucmBUmeAbHYlO
u,eHHocmb. Bom B 3mo-mo Mecmo Mbl npU6bLAU, «HacAaguB-
UlUCb HenpogOAJKUmeAbHblM nRmugHeBHblM npe6blBaHueM
Ha ocmpOBe l1oaHHbl», 27 UlOA5l.
Ha cAegylOUl,Uu. )/(e geHb nOCAe HaUlero npue3ga MeHR C
60AbUlOU. Be)l(AUBOCmblO npurAacUA Ha 6eper KanumaH BUAb-
RM CugeHr3M (morga rpagoHallOAhHuK Magpaca, HO C mex
nop no 3acAyraM U K Moeu Heu3pelleHHou pagocmu nOAyt.zuB-
UlUU. BblCOKUU llUH nognoAKoBHuKa), KOmOpblu., 6ygyqu gOBO-
AeH meM, llmo R CblrpQA eMY, ga6bl OH UMeA npegcmaBAeHue
o MOUX MY3blKOAhHbLX cnoco6HocmRX, HeMegAeHHo nOllmUA
MeHR He nycmblM Ha6opOM BblcnpeHHblX BOCXBQAeHUu., HO go-
rOBopOM Ha u,eAbLX gBa roga Ha cneu,UQAbHbLX YCAOBURX, npeg-
AO)/(eHHbIX UM caMUM, Komopble R morga CllUmQA, U ceUllac C
6AarogapHocmblO CllumalO, BeCbMa gocmamOllHOu. OnAamou.,
a UMeHHO: )/(QAOBaHbe 200 cjJYHmoB B rog, He CllumaR MHorux
CAyt.zaUHbLX, HO u,eHHbIX Harpag - U 3mo CBoe npegAO)/(eHUe
OH mym )/(e C Ul,egpocmblO yroBapUBQA MeHR npUHRmb.
OBAa.AeB 513bIKaMH, J\.e6eAeB opraHH30BaA B KaAbKyrTe C
rrOMOrn;blO rOAOKXHaTxa Aaca rrepBbIl1: HHAHHCKHH TeaTp eB-
porreHCKoro THrra (B3HB 3a 06pa3eu; TeaTp BOAKOBa B 5Ipoc-
AaBAe). f:vuJ. 3Toro TeaTpa J\.e6eAeB rrepeBeA Ha 6eHraAbCKHH
513bIK ABe aHrAHHCKMe KOMeAHH, rrepepa60TaB HX rrpM 3TOM
Ha HHAMHCKHM Aa.A, TO eCTb rrepeHeC5I AeHCTBHe H3 I1crraHMM
B KaAbKyrry M J\.aKxHay H CAeAaB AeHCTByrorn;HMH AHu;aMH
6eHraAbu;eB.
(3anUCKa r.c. Ae6egeBa.)
J/ HaCmOu.llUBO B melleHue MHorux Aem npogOAJKQA U3Y-
lleHue flRmu llaCmeu. a36YKU U, paCnOAO)/(UB UX B coomBem-
cmBUU co CBOUMU co6cmBeHHbiMU ugeRMu B Hau60Aee ygo6-
HOM nopRgKe, omKpOBeHHO npegcmaBUA CBOU. mpyg HeKomo-
pblM BblgalOUl,UMCR naHgumaM, Komopble, K MoeMY 60AbUlOMY
ygoBOAbCmBUlO, nOXBQAUAU Moe ycepgue B geAe, go cero Bpe-
MeHU cmOAb meMHOM, U Komopoe, KaK R UM npRMO rOBOpUA,
6bLAO co CBoeKopblCmHOu. u,eAblO U nog)/(UrameAbHOu. nOMO-
-126-
PYCCKaH J.1H.D:J1H
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Mupa, KpOMe HUX caMUX.
lloCAe 3moro R nepeBeA CAOBapb U cocmaBUA HeCKOAbKO
gUQAOrOB Ha pa3Hbie meMbl KaK Ha 6eHrQAhCKOM, maK U Ha UH-
gycmaHu U ymeUlQA ce6R Hage)J(gou, llmo BCKope R CMOry pa3-
rOBapUBamb. OgHaKo mym R OlleHb OUlu6cR, nomOMY llmo R He
nOHUMQA o6w,eynompe6umeAbHbLX rOBopOB. J/ OmKpbLA, llmo
OHU npoucxogRm om 6eHrQAbCKOrO caHCKpuma U ga6e-Harpu,
U 3mo MeHR no6ygUAo Hanucamb rpaMMamUKY UX, llmo6bl ca-
MOMY nOHRmb pa3Huu,y. J/ cgeAQA 3mo U ycmaHoBUA me rOBO-
Pbl, Komopble npucyw,u rpynnaM, 3aHuMalOw,UM pa3Hoe no-
AO)J(eHue B )J(U3HU, U HQUleA, llmo KaK gUQAeKm BbICUlUX, maK
U HU3UlUX nOBceMecmHO nUUlemCR caHCKpumCKUMU 6YKBaMU
U Ha BblCUleM U HU3UleM CMeUlaHHOM gUQAeKme rOBopRm BO
BceM BocmOllHOM Mupe.
llpogeAaB 3mu U3bICKaHUR, R nepeBeA gBe aHrAUUCKue
nbeCbl: «llpUmBopcmBO» (B CUAbHO cOKpaw,eHHOM nQ cpaBHe-
HUlO C OpUrUHQAOM Buge no HeB03MO)J(Hocmu 3anOAHUmb Ce
pOAU Ha nepBoe BpeMR) U «A1060Bb - A}TllUlUU Bpall», Ha BbIC-
Ul U U 6eHrQAhCKU U R3bIK.
...Korga R 3aKOHllUA CBOU nepeBog, R npurAacUA HeCKOAb-
KUX YlleHbLX naHgumoB, Komopble HeCKOAbKO pa3 OlleHb BHU-
MameAbHO npOllAU MOU mpyg, U R morga Mor Ha6A1Ogamb, Ka-
Kue cppa3bl nOKa3QAUCb UM Hau60Aee npURmHblMU U B036ygu-
AU UX llYBcmBa.
...llOCAe nOXBQA naHgumoB rOAOKHam AaUl, MOU AUHr-
Bucm, npegAO)J(UA MHe: eCAU R 3aXOllY ny6AullHO nocmaBumb
3my nbecy, OH 6epemCR 06ecnellumb MeHR mY3eMHbiMU aKme-
paMU U aKmpUCaMU...
Ha OTKpbITl1e CBoero TeaTpa J\.e6eAeB rrpl1rAaCI1A BCIO HH-
AMHCKYIO HHTeAAl1reHQMIO ropOAa KaAbKyrTbI Hero OKpeCT-
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CTeqeHHM rry6AMKM. OAHaKO C03AaHMe TeaTpa Ha 6eHraAb-
CKOM 513bIKe C COBpeMeHHbIM perrepryapoM 6bIAO COBepllIeH-
HO HeBMAaHHbIM M5I Toro BpeMeHM HaqMHaHHeM M BbI3BaAO
51PYIO Bpa>KAY KOAOHM3aTopOB, B oc06eHHOCTH BAClAeAbQeB
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CTpeM5ICb BceMM MepaMM K 3aKpbITMIO TeaTpa J\.e6eAe-
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pa, nAOTHHKa, Ca.AoBHI1Ka H nOBapa rrpeA"b5lBHTb eMY AO)K-
HbIe AeHe)KHbIe HCKH. BbIcoKonocTaBAeHHbIe aHrAHHCKHe
rraTpoHbI J\.e6eAeBa B KaAbKYTTe, OKa3bIBaBllIHe eMY rroKpo-
BHTeAbCTBO rrpe>KAe, KorAa OH AHllIb YCAa>KAaA HX CAYX CBO-
eH MY3bIKOM 11 He YCTpaMBaA rrpeACTaBAeHH5I HHAHHu;aM, Te-
nepb OTBepHYAHCb OT Hero, M pa30peHHbIH H 60AbHOH J\.e6e-
AeB 6bIA BbIHY>KAeH BepHYTbC5I B EBpony.
nOCKOAbKY OH He 6bIA B COCT05lHHH nAaTMTb KpynHbIe
CYMMbI 3a rrpoe3A, rrOMOrn;HMK KanHTaHa H IlIKMnep aHrAMM-
CKoro Kopa6A.51, Ha KOTOpOM OH eXaA, M3AeBaAMCb Ha.A HMM,
6HAM ero M rronopTMAM ero Bern;M. Bce rronbITKH J\.e6eAeBa
HaHTH Ha HHX yrrpaBY Y aHrAMHCKoro ry6epHaTopa KarrCKOM
KOAOHMI1 6bIAH Trn;eTHbI.
Pa3A06bIB HeMHoro AeHer KOHu;epTaMH B KanllITa.ATe, J\.e-
6eAeB rrpM6bIA, HaKOHeu;, B J\.OHAOH, rAe 06paTMAC5I 3a rrOMO-
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B l1HAMM, J\.e6eAeB MX CHAbHO MAeaAM3MpOBaA, rrOAara5lCb Ha
MX npOCBern;eHHOCTb M rOp5lQYIO 3aMHTepeCOBaHHOCTb B pac-
-128-
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KaK K HaXAe6HMKY H aBaHTlOpMcry.
OIIy6AHKoBaB B J\OHAOHe CBOIO rpaMMaTHKY 6eHraAbCKO-
ro AHaAeKTa XHHAYCTaHH B 1801 rOAY, J\e6eAeB yexaA B Poc-
CHIO, rAe BbIIIYCTHA B 1805 rOAY CBOIO BTOPYIO KHMry, B KOTO-
pOM He TOAbKO co06rn;aA 0 ApeBHeMHAHHcKOM KaAeHAape, 0
cpHAOCOcpHH, peAHrHM M 06bIqaHX HHAMMIJ;eB, HO AaA CBeAe-
HHH H 06 aHrAHHcKoM rOCIIOACTBe B cOBpeMeHHoH eMY I1H-
AHH. TIpH 3TOM J\e6eAeB IIHCaA B Ayxe rAy60Koro YBa)KeHH5I
K HHAMHIJ;aM H HerOAOBaHHH IIO OTHOllIeHHIO K HX aHrAHH-
CKHM BAaCTHTeMlM.
J\e6eAeB rrOAO)KHA HaqaAO H3yqeHMIO caHcKpHTa B POCCHH
M COCTaBHA 6eHraAbCKHH IlIPHCPT AMI THIIorpacpHM AKClAeMHH
HayK. HClA 3THM OH TPYAHACH AO KOHIJ;a cBoeH )KM3HH.
5IpKa51 cpHrypa f.C. J\e6eAeBa MaAO IIpHBAeKaAa .K ce6e
BHHMaHHe B IJ;apCKOM POCCHM. B03MO)KHO, qTO B IIp611IAb e
BeKa ero 6ecKopbICTHbIM 3Hry3Ha3M Ka3aAC5I qYAaqeCTBOM
HAH Aa)Ke cYMacllIecTBHeM, KaK IIOAaraA TIaBeA I.
f.C. J\e6eAeB oIIy6AHKOBaA OTqeT 0 cBoeH AeHTeAbHOCTH H
CBOHX 3AOKAlOqeHM5IX B I1HAHH B IIpeAHcAoBMH K cBoeH KHH-
re 0 rpaMMaTHKe 513bIKa XHHAycTaHM H co06rn;HA OTAeAbHbIe
6HorpacpMqeCKHe AaHHbIe 0 ce6e B ApyrOM CBoeM KpynHOM
TpYAe - 0 HpaBax M 06bIqillIX HaCeAeHH5I I1HAHH. HeKOTO-
pbIe CBeAeHH5I 0 J\e6eAeBe IIpHBeA TaIOKe ero COBpeMeHHHK
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C5I B KHHre <D. MeA YHra. B 1880 rOAY B 24- H KHHre «ApxHBa
KH5I351 BOpOHIJ;OBa» 6bIAO orry6AHKOBaHO IIHCbMO f.C. J\e6e-
AeBa BOpOHIJ;OBY M oAHoBpeMeHHo BbIllIAa 60AbllIa51 6Horpa-
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BbIM, HaH60Aee Bep05lTHbIM aBTopoM H 3aMeTKH 0 J\e6eAeBe
B «PYCCKOM 6HorpacpMQeCKOM cAoBape». EYAraKOB HCrrOAb30-
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HHBllIHeC5I TorAa B apxMBe KH5I351 TI.TI. B5I3eMCKoro. TI03A-
Hee KpaTKHe 3aMeTKM 0 f.C. J\e6eAeBe 6bIAH orry6AHKOBaHbI
B pa3AHQHbIX 6HorpacpMQeCKMX CAOBap5lX, a A.I1. YcrreHCKMM
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BbIM B TIeTep6ypre TMrrorpacpMM C MHAMMCKMM IlIpMcpTOM.
B AHrAHM TOAbKO B HaQaAe XX BeKa rr05lBMAaCb KpaTKa51
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H.H. HerrOMH.HII(J1H
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qepnHyrbIMM M3 rrpeAMCAOBM5I f.C. J\.e6eAeBa K ero rpaM-
MaTMKe XMHAYCTaHM, B 3aMeTKe MMeAHCb HeM3BeCTHO OT-
KYAa B351TbIe M3MbIllIAeHM5I, HanpMMep, 0 TOM, qTO J\.e6eAeB
6bIA TeaTpaAbHbIM AMpeKTopOM y BeAMKoro MorOAa M T. n.
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Tpa ynOM5IHYA B HHAMM A;>K. fpMpcoH, MCTOqHMKOM KOTOpO-
ro 6bIAO Bce TO JKe npeAMCAOBMe J\.e6eAeBa K ero rpaMMaTM-
Ke XMHAYCTaHM.
B CCCP B 1940-x rOAax OJKMBMAC5I MHTepec K HallIeMY
npMMeqaTeAbHOMY COOTeqeCTBeHHMKY, TaK MHoro CAeAaB-
llIeMY AMI YKpenAeHM5I PYCCKO-MHAMHCKMX KYAbTYPHbIX CB5I-
3eH. B CBOMX CTaTb5lX aKiiAeMMK A.TI. EapaHHMKOB ynOM5IHYA
o J\.e6eAeBe B 1946-M M 1948 rOAax, HO llIMpOKMH cOBeTcKMH
qMTaTeAb Y3HaA 0 fepacMMe J\.e6eAeBe M3 He6oAbllIOH 3a-
MeTKM B «OroHbKe», HanMcaHHoH E.J\.. lIlTeHH6eproM B CB5I-
3M C nOKynKoH MM Y 6YKMHMCTa KHMrM Asiatis Annual Reg-
ister 3a 1799 rOA, npMHClMeJKaBllIeH paHee f.C. J\.e6eAeBY M
MMeBllIeH Ha nOMIX ero nOMeTKM. E.J\.. lIlTeHH6epr ony6AH-
KOBaA TaKJKe AHeBHMK PyccKoro MopenAaBaTeMI XVIII BeKa
IO.<D. J\.MC5IHCKOrO, B KOTOpOM eCTb 3anMCb 0 BCTpeqe J\.M-
C5IHCKOrO C J\.e6eAeBbIM Ha MbIce Ao6pOH HiiAe bI.
B 1956 rOAY K.A. AHTOHOBOH 6bIAH ony6AMKoBaHbI BbI-
AepJKKM M3 TeTPiiAeH J\.e6eAeBa. B TOM JKe rOAY BbIllIAH
ABe CTaTbM 0 HeM B C60pHMKe HHCTMTyra HapOAOB A3MM
AH CCCP. B CTaTbe TaAaHTAHBoro MOAOAoro yqeHoro
B.C. Bop06beBa-Aec5ITOBCKOro 6bIAM McnOAb30BaHbI AOKY-
MeHTbI, xpaHMBllIMeC5I B AeHMHrpiiAcKMX apxMBax, a CTaTb51
J\..C. faMalOHoBa 6a3MpOBaAaCb Ha aHaAM3e B3rMIAOB J\.e6e-
AeBa, BbICKa3aHHbIX MM B KHMre «EecnpMcTpacTHoe c03ep-
u;aHMe... 6parMeHoB» M B ero 3anMCHbIX KHHJKKax. B cAeAYIO-
eM rOAY J\..C. faMalOHoBbIM 6bIAa ony6AHKOBaHa 6Morpa-
cpM5I J\.e6eAeBa oTAeAbHoH 6pOllIlOpOH.
HaxoAKa HOBbIX MaTepMaAOB - AHeBHMKa f.C. J\.e6eAeBa
nepMoAa ero B03Bparn;eHM5I M3 HHAMM B AHrAHIO M npe6bIBa-
HM5I B KancKoM KOAOHHH - BbI3BaAa n05lBAeHMe HHTepec-
HOM CTaTbl1 M. MeABeAeBa B «HeAeAe» - nonYMIpHOM npH-
AOJKeHHM K ra3eTe «H3BecTH5I».
(113 KHUTU r.c. Jl.e6egeBa «Ee3npucmpacmHoe C03epll,a-
Hue cucmeM BOCmOllHOu. I1HgUU 6paTMeHOB, cBRw,eHHbIX 06-
-130-
PYCCKa5I J1HJJ:J1.H
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PY I, npegYBegoMAeHue K KHure U ll.aCmb III ee - «0 CBR-
w,eHHbIX 6paMreHcKux o6pRgax U HapogHblx 06blll.aRx»,
1805 rog.)
BceaBrycmeuUluu MOHapx, BceMUAocmuBeuUluu rocygapb!
Ha cepgu,e ew,e nempa BeAUKaro Ae}](QAO B03blMemb C6AU-
}](eHUe C BeAUKUM MorOAOM, KaK mo RBcmByem U3 6blBUleu B
1716 roge B BeAuKYlO TapmapulO 3Kcneguu,uu nog Hall.aAb-
cmBOM AAeKcaHgpa EeKKeBUll.a l.JepKacKaro, paBHo KaK U U3
MOHapUleu moro }](e BeAUKaro uMnepamopa rpaMombl (Komo-
pblU He B03rHYUlQACR o6Aew,UCb B npocmeuUlYlO oge}](gy pe-
MeCAeHHUKa), nOCAaHHOU B 1723 roge ll.pe3 Buu,e-agMUPQAa
CBoero BUAbcmepa K morgaUlHeMY UHgUUCKOMY caMogep}](-
u,y, ga mo }](e caMoe YCMampuBaeM U U3 omBemHoro nUCb-
Ma cjJpaHu,Y3cKaro a66ama EUHbOH, KomopoMyom ero BeAU-
ll.eCmBa npenopyqaeMo 6bLAO nepeBecmu KaAbMYKCKUR, UAU
(MOHKOAbCKUR) MOHroAbcKuU nucaHUR.
PeBHYlOw,aR npecAaBHblM geAaM nempa I, npeMygparo
ycmaHoBumeAR POCCUUCKOU uMnepuu EKamepuHa II, KaKUX
HU npegnpuHUMQAa Mep K gocmU}](eHUlO mOR }](e u,eAU.
o xpaMax H YKpameHHSlx, K OHhIM npHHaAAe}Ka HX
MOAumBeHHble Y uHgeuu,oB xpaMbl, uMeHyeMble MOHgU-
pa, a eBponeuu,aMu Ha3blBaeMbie noroga, KaK om BHe, maK U
BHympu omll.acmu noxo}](u Ha R3blll.eCKUe U omll.acmu Ha xpu-
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OHU pa3geARlOmcR y HUX, Bo-nepBblx, Ha o6w,eHapogHble,
B Komopble cBo6ogHO Bce }](eAalOw,ue npuHocumb 60ry MO-
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BeAbMO}](eU U 6orall.eu coopy}](aeMble; B CUU He B036paHRem-
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HO U pa3HoBepu,aM.
BO-BmopbZX, ny6AUll.Hble xpaMbl UHgUUU,bl pa3geARlOm Ha
ogHorAaBHble 3K-mopa UAU 3K'b-ll.ypa; Ha gBoerAaBHble Ayu-
mopa UAU Aumuo-ll.'bypa; mpoerAaBHble Tpumuo-mopa UAU
TUH-ll.'bypa; nRmurAaBHble naHll.-mOpa UAU naHll.-ll.'bypa; ge-
BRmurAaBHble Ho6op-opmOH.
Ha rAaBe xpaMa BMecmo 06blKHOBeHHoro y xpucmuaH Kpe-
cma nocmaBARemCR ogHa U3 ll.UCmeUUlUX nmUll.eK 6eAoro u,Be-
ma, 3geAaHHaR U3 gepeBa UAU MemQAJla, U uHorga Ha Mecmo
-131-
H. H. HerrOMH.HII(J1H
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HblMU onucaHHblMU KHuru ceu B nepBou llacmu UKOHaMU,
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UleHURMU, Ha3blBaeMbiMU OAoHKap...
...B Ka}J(goM ny6AullHoM ux xpaMe UMeemCR oco6oe HeKoe
omgeAeHue, npegcmaBARlOw,ee cjJOPMY OAIIlapR, npeg gBepMu
Komoporo Ha cpeguHe B HeKomopblx u,epKBax cmoum }J(epm-
BeHHUK UAU npecmoA, Ha3blBaeMbiu UlUHK'b-aUlOH, cocmaB-
AeHHbiu U3 pa3Hbzx 3amBepgeBalOw,ux cMeUleHuu, rAagKo-
cmulO, U 6AecKoM MpaMopy nogo6Hblu, ogHaKo}J( BeCb llep-
Horo u,Bema; KomopblM u306pa}J(aemcR Y HUX nepBo6blmHoe
cocmORHue CBema, cocmORBUlaro B xaoce, no-uHgeucKu Ha-
3blBaeMOM KQAna.
Ha HeM BO BpeMR 60rocAY}J(eHUR KypumcR U3 pa3HbiX 6Aa-
rOBOHUU cocmaBAeHHblU cjJUMuaM U cOBepUlalOmcR pa3Hbie
mauHogeucmBuR OgHUMU mOAbKO 6pOMreHaMU; KpOMe }J(e ux
HUKOMY npUKacambcR OHOMY He n03BOARemcR. COBepUlaeMoe
B xpaMax ux 60rocAY}J(eHue cocmoum 60AbUle B neHuu, He}J(e-
AU B llmeHUU npUAUllHbZX MOAumB, c nOMew,eHueM npu OHblX
UCmOAKOBaHUR Bepbl U 3aKOHa.
o HpaBax H 06hIQaSlX HHAHH OB
113 Bcero BblUle HaMU cKa3aHHoro gOBOAbHO RBcmByem,
llmo UHgUUU,bl HU MQAO He noxo}J(u Ha gUKUX U llmo 60Aee
UMelOm cnpaBegAuBocmu npunucamb CUlO YKOPU3HY meM,
Komopble }J(ecmOllaUUle c HUMU o6xogRmcR, He}J(eAU caMble
KpOBO}J(a}J(gylOw,ue AlOmble 3Bepu.
OHU He noxo}J(u Ha ugoAOnOKJlOHHUKOB, a npU3HalOm ma-
KUMU mex C06010 HagMeBalOw,uxcR HaUleAbu,OB, Komopble,
}J(epmBYR HeHacblmHOU cBoeu QAllHOCmU Ha o6oraw,eHue, He-
w,acmulO poga lleAOBella nO}J(upalOm u,eAbIR rocygapcmBa.
OHU npU3HalOm eguHoro ucmUHHoro 60ra U paHee MHorux
eBponeuu,OB cogep}J(am xpucmuaHcKUU 3aKOH, c meM mOAbKO
pa3AUllueM, llmo 60Aee UAU MeHee UMelOm y ce6R ocmaBUlUXCR
R3bllleCKUX cyeBepuu, Komopble, MO}J(em cmambcR, U nOHblHe
ew,e He y OgHUX Y HUX He cOBceM olluw,eHbl, no npUllUHe 6e3-
-132-
PYCCKa.H J1HJJ:J1.H
=
=
npepblBHblX Ha UX KpaU HenpURmeAbCKUX HanageHuu, nOllmU
HaCUAhHO nOHY}J(galOw,UX 3a6blmb U CaMOe lleAOBelleCmBO.
npU BCeX, ogHaKO}J(, llUHUMbZX UM npUmeCHeHURX U mUpaH-
CmBQX, npu BCeX BHOCUMhZX K HUM C06Aa3HhZX ygep}J(UBWOm OHU
gocmOUH}'lO nogpWKeHUR HenpeK/lOHHOCmb BO 6AarOlleCmUU.
CmpaHHblMU Ka}J(ymcR gAR npuUleAbu,OB QAJlerOpUlleCKUe
UX u306pa}J(eHUR, B KOmOpble BHUKamb He Morym OHU 3a He-
BegeHueM nepBOHallQAbHOrO UX UlOMCKpumCKoro R3b1Ka, HO
UHgUUU,bl 60Aee UMelOm npaBa CUM npUUleAbu,aM u3geBamb-
CR, Korga OHU, XBQA5l.Cb CBOUM npaBOCAaBueM, 3a6blBalOm, no-
BUgUMOMY, llmo U caM CnaCumeAb npumllaMU yqeHue CBoe
npegAarQA.
EAarorOBeHue UX K BepXOBHOMY cyw,ecmBY Y}J(e gOKa3aHO
BceMU BblUle pelleHHblMU o6pRgaMu U npa3gHuKaMu, B BOC-
nOMUHaHue BeAUKUX 6AarogeRHuu 6o}J(uux U B 3acBugemeAb-
cmBOBaHue UX 6AarogapHocmu ycmaHoBAeHHbiMU.
AaHHYlO npucRry BeCbMa CBRmo OHU Ha6A1OgalOm, U Aym-
lle u36upalOmAUUlumbCR llecmu, UMeHUR U caMbIR)J{U3HU, He-
}J(eAU KllRmUCR UAU HapYUlumb KllRmBY, llmo U co6cmBeHHbiM
onblmOM MHe ucnblmamb ygQAOCb, ga ew,e U Hag CAY}J(umeAb-
CKUM cocmORHueM, u60 Korga gOMonpaBUmeAb MOU UlupKap
nompe60BaH 6bZA no }J(QAo6e cagoBHuKa Moero K rpa}J(gaHcKo-
MY cygy, RK06bl He YIlAamUA OH npuHagAe}J(aw,ux ucmu,y ceMY
llemblpex (py6Aeu) pyneu, Komopble geucmBUmeAbHO 6bZAU
3aIlAalleHbi U B KHUry MHOlO caMUM 3anucaHbl, mo OH Aymlle
COrAaUlQACR BmopUllHO UX 3aIlAamUmb UAU no cmporocmu
KOMMeplleCKoro 3aKOHa cecmb B mlOpbMY, He}J(eAU no npu-
HY}J(geHulO KopblcmOA106uBoro cyguu OMOllumb PYKY CBOlO
npeg HUM B Boge, npUHeceHHOU U3 CBRmou peKU UX K'baHK'b-
KU, u60 KllRmBa y HUX, npu Ba}J(HeuUlUX cAyqaRX, 06bIKHOBeH-
HO COBepUlaemCR no U3pelleHUU KllRmBeHHOU cjJOpMbl, OMOlle-
HueM nepcmOB B ceu Boge.
PogumeAu nOllumalOm ce6e 3a BeAuKou cmblg ocmaBumb
gumR CBoe HeBocnumaHHblM B 3aKOHe 6o}J(ueM U, He npony-
CKaR HU MQAO cnoco6HbZX K o6yqeHulO Aem, omgalOm UX B
yqpe}J(geHHble gAR cero B HeKomopbzx Mecmax B o6w,ecmBeH-
Hble, a 60AbUle B BOAbHble yquAuw,a, KaKOBblX He mOKMO B ro-
pogax, HO U no ceAaM BeCbMa gOBOAbHO UMeemCR.
Aemu U3 npegeAoB nOBUHOBeHUR U nOllmeHUR K pogume-
ARM Bblxogumb He CMelOm, nog onaceHueM cmporux HaKa-
3aHUU.
-133-
H.H. HerrOMH.HID:J1H
=
=
CeMY nogo6HblU Ha6AlOgaemcR nopRgoK Me}l(gy HallQAb-
HUKaMU U noglluHeHHblMU, Me}l(gy X03ReBaMU U CAY}l(a UMU,
Me}l(gy CmapUlUMU U MAagUluMU.
Ho KaK BblUle Mbl Y}l(e ynoMRHYAU, llmo Ka}l(goro K/lacca
llUHbl He UMelOm 06blllaR U3 ogHoro B gpyrou pog }l(U3HU ne-
pexogumb, mo 6paMreHbl U Bce gyxOBeHcmBO cmapalOmcR
Hayqamb CBOUX gemeu rAy60llauUlUM n03HaHURM, KaK mo: 3a-
KOHY 60}l(UlO, rpaMamUKe, pemopUKe, cjJUAOCOcjJUU, MameMa-
mUKe, cjJU3UKe, acmpOHOMUU, acmpOAoruu U npOllUM Ba}l(HeU-
UlUM n03HaHURM, U noceMY B UX poge 60Aee yqeHblx, He}l(eAU B
gpyrux KAaccax, omblcKamb MO}l(HO.
...Om KpOBonpOAumUR UHgUUU,bl maK ygQAeHbl, llmo He
mOKMO }l(UBOmHbIX, HO U npecMblKalO uxcR U HaceKOMblX
y6uBamb nOllumalOm 3a rpex, llero pagu HUKorga OHU He yno-
mpe6ARlOm HU MRC, HU Pbl6bl, a gOBoAbcmBYlOmcR mOAbKO
3eMHblMU npOU3pacmeHURMU U IMogaMU.
06blKHOBeHHoe UX KYUlaHbe ecmb BapeHOU ll'bQAb, no eB-
poneucKU Ha3blBaeMOU puc; noympy U BellepOM ynompe6AR-
10m OHU CUlO nu y XOAogHOlO, a B nOAgHu mY}l(e caMYlO egRm
OHU meIMYlO c HeKomopblMU ropbKUMU npunpaBaMU U cjJPYK-
maMU, egRm ma1UKe nelleHOU RM, KomopblU BUgOM U BeAU-
llUHOlO noxogum Ha HaUlY pegbKY, UMelO UU KpacHOBamoe
meAO, HO BKYC UMeem cAagKoBamou. OH y MOpeIMaBameAeu
cmOAbKO}l(e ynompe6umeAeH, KaK U 3eMAeHble R6AOKU, Ha3bl-
BaeMbze KopmocjJeAb.
Ha Mecmo nUp0}l(HOrO 60AbUlelO llacmulO ynompe6ARlOm-
CR y HUX npecHble cAagKue AenboUlKu, Ha3blBaeMble Mymo
K'bOHgO, U oAagbu KQA 6amaUla UAU nogo6Hble HaUlUM npR-
HUUlHble opexu.
KYUlalOm UHHble B geHb gBa pa3a, a HeKomopblU U mpu.
OHU Ha6AlOgalOm ma1UKe U nocmbl, ycmaHoBAeHHble y HUX B
pa3Hble roga BpeMeHa.
Ho B0306AagaBUlue UMU eBpOneUl],b1 cmapQ1OmCR, npomu-
BY BOAU UHgUUU,OB, onpegeAUmb UX K moprOBAe MJlCaMU, U XOI115l
y}l(e cocmaBUAU U caMblU MR.CHUlleCKUU u,ex, He U3 UHgUUU,OB,
ogHaKO}l(, a U3 MaroMemaHu,OB U napueB, ga6bl meM caMUM npu-
yqUmb UX K eguHoo6pa3HOMY c eBponeuu,aMU }l(UmUlO, ogHaKo
)J{ U3 cero npegnpumnuR HepegKo pWKgaemcR 60Aee oroplleHuii
U HeycmpOucmB, He}l(eAU }l(eAaeMOro eguHoo6pa3UR.
nepBocy ecmBYlO ue npupogHble UHgUUU,bl A106Rm MHO-
ro llucmomy U onpRmHocmb U KaK npeg cmOAOM, maK U no-
-134-
PYCCKa.H J1HJJ:J1.H
=
=
CAe OHoro YMbIBalOmCR, U Ka}J(gblu geHb gBa pa3a KynalOmcR
B peKe K'baHK3.
OHU gAR npegoxpaHeHUR CBoero 3g0pOBbR, no HacmaBAe-
HUlO UX BpaIleu, ynompe6ARlOm HeKomopble mpaBbl U gpeBec-
HblR COKU, U gAR c6epe}J(eHUR meAa CBoero om B03gyUlHbiX ne-
peMeH, U gAR gocmaBAeHUR OHOMY cBo6ogHoro U AerKoro gBU-
}J(eHUR HaMa3blBalOm MaCAOM, Ha3blBaeMbiM HOpeA'bKa meAb
UAU KOKOHamOBbIM.
B gOMax CBOUX xogRm OHU Bce Harue, UMeR mOAbKO Aer-
Kue npenORcaHUR gAR npUKpblmUR cpaMHblX Ilacmeu. A Kor-
ga U3 gOMOB BbLXogRm, mo HeKomopble U3 MY UH nOKpblBa-
lOmCR AerKUMU KuceuHblMu HaMemaMU, a HeKomopble HOCRm
U3 maKOBblX }J(e Mamepuu, nogo6HblR HaUlUM PYCKUM, c6opa-
MU KacjJmaHbl, a Ha Horax Ulumble 30AomOM, cepe6poM UAU
UleAKaMU mycjJAu C BblrHymblMu KOAb40M ocmpblMu HocaMU.
)l(eHcKuu uHguu40B nOA Hocum 6eAbIe U pa3Ho4BemHbie KU-
ceuHble HaMembl U maKue }J( My uHcKue mycjJAu. 3HaMeHu-
mblX MY}J(eu }J(eHbl gOBOAbHO npuRmHo YKpaUlalOm CBOU OAO-
Bbl, PYKU U Horu gparo4eHHocmbMu, Komopblx MO}J(HO Bugemb
B npa3gHuIlHble mOAbKO gHU, Korga npuHocRm ux no YAu4aM
BO omKpblmbLX nQAaHKUHax.
CAacmoA106uBbie U nblUlHble BeAbMO}J(U ux pegKo xogRm
neUlue, a 6oAbUlelO IlacmulO HOCRm ux B nQAaHKUHax, ycmpo-
eHHblX gBORKO: UAU Hanogo6ue KopemHblx R UKOB, UAU Hano-
go6ue KpoBameu, YKpenAeHHblX Ha Ulecmax AerKoro, HO BeCb-
Ma KpenKoro gepeBa EaM6y. HOCUAb UKU UX, uMeHyeMble
Eupa, 3aMeHRlOm Mecmo HaUlUX U3B03 UKOB U AOUlageu cu-
AOlO U npoBopcmBoM 6era. OHU xogRm malUKe Harue, C OgHU-
MU mOAbKO, KaK BblUle CKa3aHO, 06BR3CKaMU.
Y mex}J(e caMblX BeAbMo}J(eu, Korga OHU nOKORmCR gOMa,
ecmb o6blIlau 3acmaBARmb mex }J(e HOCUAb UKOB o6Maxu-
Bamb ce6R 60AbUlUM MaXQAOM, Ha3blBaeMbiM naHKa, KaK gAR
oXAa}J(geHuR ux om }J(apa, maK U gAR omrHaHUR HaceKOMblX, U
Bce meAO CAerKa pa3MUHamb. Te}J(e caMble cAyru, U He OgUH
pa3 B geHb, OMblBalOm UM Horu, K KomopOMY CAY}J(eHUlO maK
OHU npUBbIKJlU, Ilmo ecmb AU KmO U3 UHocmpaH4oB no He3Ha-
HUlO cero OKa}J(em K CUM 06blKHOBeHURM npe3peHue, mo He
npU3HalOm ero U rocnoguHoM, ga U B caMblX HY}J(HblX ero mpe-
60BaHURX OKa}J(ymcR eMY HepaguBbIMU...
...l1Hguu4bl cmOAbKO omBpa alOmcR om nURHcmBa, Ilmo
He mOKMO npocmoro BUHa UAU BOgKU, HO U BUHorpagHbLX BUH
-135-
H.H. HerrOMH.HII(J1J1
=
=
HUKmO U3 HUX He ynompe6.Mlem, KpOMe napueB, UHalle Ha3bl-
BaeMblX rapu. A BMecmo cero gOBOAbCmBYlOmcR OHU COKOM,
U3'beMAeMbIM U3 gepeBa HopeAb. Ceii COK, nOKYgy CBe}J(, HU-
MQAO uHgeiiu,aM He 06peMeHumeAeH, HO KaK CKOpO nocmoum
geHb UAU 60Aee 3aKynapeHHblii, mo OH OKpenHem U OXMe.Mlem
UX He MeHee, KaK BUHO U BogKa...
...Y HUX malUKe B BeAUKOM ynompe6AeHUU KypeHue ma6a-
KY, CMeUleHHoro C onUYM, Koero U caMble }J(eHUl,UHbl cmOAb
MHoro KypRm, llmo om moro ynagalOm B 06MOPOK, U om moro
ocmalOmCR Ha HeCKOAbKO BpeMRHU 6e311YBcmBeHHbIMU...
...l.JY}J(QBa nOXUUl,amb (U3KAlOllaR YlleHUKOB) OHU He pac-
nOAO}J(eHbl U 3aBugoBamb HUKaKOU Hau,uu He UMelOm HY}J(gbl.
OgHaKo }J( npUMepOM 06paUl,alOUl,UXCR C HUMU llY}J(ecmpaH-
U,OB, nog BUgOM HaUlero XAe6a, COAU U cjJPYKmOB, a UHguucKa-
ro l.JQA5l, HUMOK U nOneAbMOCOB, YMelOm U nog6opHbiMU KAlO-
llaMU omBopumb cepgu,e, U 30AombiM gO}J(geM opOUlamb Ha-
60}J(Hb1R gyUlU npumBopHblX nOAumUKOB.
MH MMCKME HEBHMKM
IOPM5I JIMC5IHCKOrO
= -
- =
EYAyrn;HH 6AeCT5Irn;IH1: MOpCKOH OcpHQep M nyrellIecTBeH-
HHK IOpMM <DeAopOBHq J\.HC5IHCKHM (1773-1837) pOAHAC5I B
ropoAe He)KMHe YepHMroBcKoM ry6epHHM. nOcAe OKOHqa-
HH5I MopcKoro K(lAeTCKoro Kopnyca C 1793-ro no 1799 rOA
CAY)KMA Ha 6pMTaHcKoM KopoAeBcKoM cpAoTe, KYAa BMe-
CTe C 15 APyrMMH MOAOAbIMH ocpMQepaMM, B TOM qHCAe C
11.<D. KpY3eHllITepHOM, 6bIA OTnpaBAeH AMI npaKTMKH no
nOBeAeHHIO EKaTepMHbI II. 3a BpeM5I 3TOH CA Y)K6bI OH no-
ceTHA AMepHKY, AcppMKY H A3HIO. B KOHQe cAY)K6bI ocyrn;e-
CTBMAaCb ero MeqTa: 21 OKT5I6p51 1 798 rOAa OH nMCaA cBoeMY
APYry 11.<D. KpY3eHllITepHY C MbIca A06pOM H(lAe)KAbI: .«Ha-
KOHeQ Moe )KeAaHMe cOBepllIHAocb, H HeceT MeH5I K BOCTOKY
co BcelO TOll p(lAOCTHIO, KaKOBYIO TOAbKO MO)KeT BHYllIaTb
qeAOBeKY, OCTaBHBllIeMY EBpony, qT06bI BHAeTb I1HAHIO M
KOTOpbIM npoBeA 15 cMepTHbIx MeC5IQeB B O)KMAaHMM K TOMY
CA yqa5l...»
BepH)TBllIMCb Ha POAMHY B 1799 rOAY, IO.<D. J\.MC5IHCKMM
CTaA KOMaHAHpoM cpperaTa «ABTpOMA». B 1803-1806 rOAax
IO.<D. J\.HC5IHCKHM Ha cYAHe «HeBa» H 11.<D. KpY3eHllITepH
Ha cYAHe «H(lAe)KAa», MA5I qaCTHqHO COBn(lAaBllIHMH Kypca-
MH, cOBepllIHAH nepBoe KpyrocBeTHoe nyrellIecTBMe Pyc-
CKHX Kopa6AeM. Bo BpeM5I 3Toro nOXOAa IO.<D. J\.MC5IHCKHM
OTKpbIA OCTpOB B ceBepO-3an(lAHoM qaCTH raBaMcKoro apxH-
neAara, Ha3BaHHbIM OCTpOBOM J\.HC5IHCKOrO, H aTOAA, Ha3BaH-
HbIM no MMeHH KpY3eHllITepHa. B 1809 rOAY IO.<D. J\.MC5IH-
CKHH B qHHe KanHTaHa l-ro paHra BbIllIeA B oTcTaBKY M no-
CB5ITHA ce651 ceMbe, a TaK)Ke 06pa60TKe CBOHX AHeBHHKoB.
B 1812 rOAY 6bIAa ony6AMKoBaHa ero KHHra «DyrellIecTBMe
BOKpyr CBeTa B 1803, 1804, 1805 H 1806 rOAax» C nOAP06HbIM
reorpacpHqeCKHM aTAaCOM. B 1814 rOAY OHa BbIIlIAa Ha aH-
rAHMCKOM 513bIKe B J\.OHAOHe. DOCAe CMepTH IO.<D. J\.MC5IH-
CKoro, corAaCHO ero 3aBern;aHHIO, B PYM5IHQeBCKHM MY3eM
rrocrynHAa 60AbllIa51 KOAAeKQH5I npeAMeTOB (OAe>KAa, PY)Kb51
-137-
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H. H. HerrOMH.HID:J1J1
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M T. n.), npMBe3eHHbIX
IO.CD. J\.HC5IHCKHM M3
CTpaH, rAe OH n06bIBaA.
AHeBHMK IO.CD. J\.H-
C5IHCKOrO npeACTaBMI-
eT C060M TeTpaAb, HC-
nMCaHHYIO qeTKHM no-
qepKOM KOpMqHeBWMM
qepHMAaMH,Cn03AHeH-
illeH aBTOpCKOH npaB-
KOH. nO-BHAMMOMY,
OH HaMepeBaAC5I M3-
AaTb CBOM 3anHCH, HO
no KaKOH-TO npMqH-
He He CMor. B XX BeKe
AHeBHMK 6bIA qaCTMq-
HO nepeneqaTaH, HO
On5lTb AO M3AaHM5I AeAO
He AOillAO. 3Ta KOnM5I
HaXOAMTC5I B pr AAI1,
cpOHA 1337, «KoAAeKQM5I AHeBHMKOB M MeMyapOB», onHCb I,
NQ 135.
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PycCKuii MopeIVlaBameAb
/0. CP. AUCRHCKUii.
XygO)J{HUK A. YxmOMCKuii
1799 rog, RHBapR 6. 113 )KypHaAa AeMTeHaHTa IOpH5I CDe-
AOpOBMqa J\.MC5IHCKOrO, BeAeHHoro MM BO BpeM5I CAY)K6bI Ha
CYAax aHrAHMCKOrO cpAOTa.
...OKIIlR6pR 10-ro agMUPQA nOA}'1lUA nOBeAeHue omAHrAUU
omnpaBumb 1200 lleAOBeK nexombl B Magpac, a KaK Kopa6Ab
«Cenmep» mpe60BQA nOllUHKU, mo OH ero Ha3HallUA g.Ml KOH-
BOR CUX BOUCK. ,4AR MeHR HUllero He MorAO 6blmb npURmHee
cero 06cmORmeAbcmBa, a nomOMY R momllac nepe6pQACR
Ha Kopa6Ab U npuyromoBUACR K noxogy. K HaM nOMecmUACR
reHepQA-MaUOp Eupg, KOMaHgylOUl,UU BoucKaMu, U C HUM go
400 cOAgam.
27 OKIIlR6pR ocmaBUAU CmoAoBYlO 6yxmy...
1799 roga reHBapR 6-ro B 10 llaCOB noympy YBugeAu ropy
nOAuKam Ha K Komopou, nogoUlegUlu K Bellepy, Mbl nOAO-
)f(UAU RKOpb...
nogxogR K Magpacy, cmapambcR Hago6Ho npu O-M MOH-
CYHe npaBumb Ha ropy nOAUKam, u60 OHYlO MO)f(HO Bugemb
-138-
PYCCKa.H J1HJJ:J1.H
=
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OKOAO 10-mu AUrOB, npOmliUe )Ke 6epera CmOAb HU3KU, limO
gepeBbR Ha OHblX pocmYUl,ue cnepBa OKa3blBalOmCR, a gpyroe,
limo OHaR ropa Ae)KUm Ha Bempe. .
7-e. He ycneAu Mbl cmamb Ha RKOpb y Magpaca, KaK npu-
cmQA K Kopa6AlO uHgeeu, Ha KamaMapaHe c npuKa3aHueM,
limo6bl He 3aHUMamb Mecma npomUBY 6amapeu U He npUHU-
Mamb HUKoro U3 eBponeuu,eB K ce6e 6e3 nOBeAeHUR npaBU-
meAbCmBa. KamaMapaH ecmb BeUl,b BecbMa yguBumeAbHaR,
3mo He limo UHoe, KaK mpu liemblpeyroAbHble 6pyca gepe-
Ba, CBR3aHHble BMecme mpaBRHblMU BepeBKaMu, gBa U3 KOUX
paBHou BeAUliUHbl, a mpemuu HeMHoro 60Ae nOAOBUHbl. ro-
Able uHgeuu,bl cugRm Ha OHblX U rpe6ym pa3Ul,eIlAeHHOlO 6aM-
6YKOBOlO mpocmulO. OHU pa3HOu gAUHbl U nogHuMalOm om
gBYX U go liemblpex lieAOBeK. rpe6u,bl cuu, xomR BecbMa uc-
KYCHbl, HO npu BceM mOM liacmo onpoKugblBalOmcR U npu-
HY)KgeHbl 6blBalOm AOBumb CBOU cyga BIlAaBb, gAR. liero Haxo-
gRmcR Bcerga HarUMU, a UMelOm mOKMO Ha rOAOBe U3 mpaBbl
IlAemeHHblU KOAIlaK cjJurypolO caxapHOU rOAOBbl,: KomopblU
nogBR3blBalOm nog UlelO U B KomopblU KAagym nUCbMQ_ UAU
gpyrue nOCblAKU. CUU IlAOmUKU ynompe6AR.lOmCR B Magpace
06blKHOBeHHO gAR. pa3CblAOK U xogRm BeCbMa CKOpO. B ogHO
)Ke BpeMR npueXQAO K HaM HeCKOAbKO uHgeuu,eB gAR. npegAo-
)KeHUR CBOUX YCAyr. Mbl 3mUM cnepBa UlymUAu, rOBopR, limo
UMeeM CBOUX AlOgeu, HO HanocAegoK npUHY)KgeH Ka)Kgblu U3
Hac 6blA B3Rmb ogHoro, Y3HaBUlU, limo UHaKO C 6epery HUlie-
ro gocmamb He MO)KHO. YCAY)KHUKU CUU U3BecmHbl B UHgUU
nog UMeHeM ge6aUleB, Komopble co BceM CBOUM 6e3geAbHulie-
cmBOM BeCbMa HY)KHbl gAR. HOBOnpUe3)KUX.
Peug MagpaccKuu COBepUleHHO OmKpblmblU, 60AbUlUe KO-
pa6AU 06blKHOBeHHO cmaHOBRmCR B 2 UAU 2 MllARX om 6epe-
rOB, a MQAble cyga ropa3go 6AU)Ke 5. XOITlJl OHblU 3aUl,UUl,aemCR
6amapeRMu, HO HenpuRmeAlO BeCbMa AerKO Hanacmb Ha BHeUl-
Hue Kopa6AU, OC06AUBO Korga cjJAomy Hem Ha peuge. Bxog B
OHblU BeCbMa npocm gWKe HOliblO; Mbl HaUlAU maM gOBOAbHOe
4UCAO K}'neliecKux CygOB U cjJperam «)\a CU6UAh», maKO)K ge
mpu He60AbUlUe KOMMepliecKue cygHa Heu606a ApKomcKo-
ro nog 3eAeHblMU cjJAaraMu U gBa BoeHHble nog 6eAblMu.
8-ro R C'beXQA Ha 6eper; 3mo 3gecb BeUl,b HeMQAOBa)KHaR,
u60 6YPYH nOBclOgy npe)KeCmoKuu. nog'beXaBUlU K OHOMY,
Mbl nepeceAu Ha MaclOAa-6om, u60 HaUlU rpe6Hble cyga 6e3
onaCHocmu gQAee ummu 6bl He MorAU. MaClOAa)Ke ecmb mOH-
-139-
H.H. HerrOMHHII(Ji1M
=
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KaR AogKa, CUlUmaR mpaBOlO, KOmOpaR ynpaBARemCR maK UC-
KYCHO, llmO CaMaR 60AhUlaR OnaCHOCmb Ha OHOU eCmb mOAhKO
6blmb nepeMOlleHY. HHgeeu, B cepeguHe 6YPYHa geucmByem C
60AhUlOlO npOBopHocmblO, He ycneem AogKa npu6AU3umbCR K
6epery, mo ee momllac U Bblmalll,am, gAR llero Hapog Ha 6epe-
ry Bcerga B romOBHocmu C xopOUlelO BepeBKOlO.
JI ocmaHOBUACR C KanumaHOM CBOUM B gOBOAbHO xopOUleM
mpaKIIlupe, rge He ycneAu Mbl ycnoKoumbCR, KaK npUHY)l(ge-
Hbl 6blAU npUHUMamb AlOgeu mOAnaMU. CanO)l(HUKU, nopm-
Hble, Kynu,bl U Ulymbl pa3HblX pOgOB mo U geAo llmo npuxogu-
AU; nocAegHue cmOAb HaBR3llUBbl 6blAU, llmo 3allUHQAU CBOU
nYCmRKU 6e3 BCRKOU u,epeMOHUU, U npU3HambCR, llmo B EB-
pone goporo 6bl 3anAamUAU 3a 3mu UlmYKU, KomopblR 3gecb
He cmORm nOllmu HUllero. MHe Ka)l(emCR, llmo B Magpace 60-
Aee cjJurARpoB, He)l(eAU BO Bceu EBpone. Me)l(gy npOllUM HaM
gocmaBUA 60AhUlOe ygoBOAhCmBUe uHgeucKuu KapAO AOMU-
HaKUHa (AHlJ;O He YCTaHOBAeHO. nO-BHAHMOMYr peqb HAeT 06
3KBHAH6pHcTe AOMHHHKe r cBeAeHHH 0 KOTOpOM cOAep)KaT-
CH B KOAAeKlJ;HH BbIpe30K H3 ra3eT r KOTopbIe HMeIOT OTHOllIe-
HHe K KapAHKaM r BeAHKaHaM r qYAOBHrn;aM H T. II., IIpeIIoA06-
Horo J\HcoHca r KOTopaH xpaHHTcH B EpHTaHcKoM MY3ee. -
ABm.), OH l1ARCQA U KYBblpKQACR yguBumeAbHblM 06pa30M,
xomR om npupogbl 6blA u3ypogoBaH llpe3BblllauHo.
K Bellepy cu,eHa nepeMeHUAacb, U Mbl oKpY)l(eHbl 6blAU pa3-
HblMU napmuRMu maHu,OBlll,UU" KomopblR 60AhUlelO llacmuelO
6blAU geBollKu MOAogble U BeCbMa KpaCUBble. Ka)l(gaR mpyn-
na npuxogUAa C gBYMR 6aHgyplll,uKaMu U y)l(e nOllmu HeBO-
AelO yxogUAa; nocAegHRR )l(e KaK KpacomolO, maK U 60ramblM
y60pOM npeB03BblUlQAa npOllUX, OHa npU6blAa OKOAO gecRmu
llaCOB U, Ka)l(emCR, C gpyruM HaMepeHueM, He)l(eAU nOKa3amb
uCKyccmBo CBOUX Hor. AeBuu, 6blAO mOllHO maKoe )l(e llUCAO,
KaK Hac, U OHe ynompe6.MlAu Bce cmapaHue, ga6bl cgeAamb
CBOlO l1ARCKY HaunpeAecmHeuUlelO, HO 6e3 BCRKoro ycnexa
npuHY)l(geHbl 6blAU B03BpamumbCR gOMOU. X03RUH HaUl CO-
BemOBQA HaM UMemb llaCOBoro y gBepeu, YBepRR, llmo B npo-
mUBHOM CA}'1lae Mbl BCRKUU geHb 6ygeM B nog06HoM 6e3no-
KoucmBeu, Ha llmo KanumaH HaUl corAaCUACR, xomR HeAb3R
CKa3amb, llmo cerogHRUlHUU geHb gAR Hac 6blA CK}'1leH.
9-e. l..(eAoe ympo R C KanumaHOM 3aHRACR geAamb BU3umbl,
HallUHaR om reHepQA -ry6epHamopa Aopga MopuHmOHa. OHU
Bce Hac npUHRAU AaCKOBO, U Mbl K Bellepy 3BaHbl 6blAU 06e-
-140-
PYCCKaH I1HJJ:Ji1H
=
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gamb Ha 4eAYlO HegeAlO Bnepeg. Cue BbllllAO K cAfIlalO, u60
apMUR Y)J{e BCR BblcmynUAa npomUBY HenpURmeAR, a ocma-
AUCb mOAhKO OgHU reHepaAbl, KomopblM rAaBHble )J{umeAU Me-
cma galOm 6e3npecmaHHble nupUlecmBa Ha npow,aHue.
10-ro 6blA npegcmaBAeH K Heu606y ApKomCKOMY. CmapUK
npUHRA MeHR Ha CBoeM gUBQHe, OH AlO6onblmCmBOBQA 0 Me-
cme Moero po)J{geHuR, HO, Ka)J{emCR, He MHoro nOHUMQA, llmo
rOBopeHO eMY 6blAO Ha ceu npegMem, xomR pa3YMeA aHrAu4-
KUU R3blK BeCbMa XOpOUlO, OH HanocAegoK nogapUA MHe 6y-
AamHYlO ca6AlO. He BCRKOMY MO)J{HO Bugemb cero lleAOBeKa,
U600H cOBepUleHHo nOllmu cogep)J{umcR nog cmpa)J{elO yaH-
rAUllaH nogo6Ho BceM npolluM BAagemeARM BocmollHou HH-
guu, rge 3ma Ha4uR noceAUAaCb. JI ucnpocUA Ha cue n03BOAe-
HUR y Aopga KARuBa U 6blA conpoBo)J{gaeM ero ag'blOmaHmoM.
ABOpe4 Heu606cKUU HaxogumcR Ha 6epery MOpR, OHblU no-
cmpoeH B eBponeucKoM BKyce U BMecme C cagoM MO)J{em Ha-
3BambCR 4apCKUM )J{UAuw,eM. Y OHoro cogep)J{umcR KapaYA He
CmOAhKO gAR nOllecmu, CKOAhKO gAR ocmopO)J{Hocmu. HmaK,
MagpaccKuu rocygapb 3aHUMaem mOKMO Mecmo, a" ynpaBAR-
em BAageHueM ApKomCKUM KOMnaHeUCKUU ry6epHamop."
ll-ro. Heu606 ApKomCKUU Ha CAfIlau )J{eHumb6bl cmap-
Ulero CBoero CblHa gaBQA y)J{UH BceM 3HamHblM oco6aM, K
KomopOMY U R UMeA Cllacmbe 6blmb npurAaUleH. reHepQA-
ry6epHamop U npOllue BeAbMO)J{U npU6blAU co BceM BeAUKO-
AenueM uHgeucKuM U 6blAU BcmpelleHbl caMUM Heu606oM B
gUBaHHOU. OKOAO gecRmu llaCOB Bellepa cmOA HallQACR U KOH-
llUACR He npe)J{ge mpex llaCOB ympa, B npogOA)J{eHUe Komo-
poro BpeMeHU nYUlellHaR naAb6a U MY3blKa rpeMeAU 6e3npe-
pblBHO. Heu606 cugeA Ha B03BblUleHHOM Mecme nog 6QAga-
XUHOM C HaMU, AOpg MopeHmoH no npaBYlO, a AOpg KARUB no
AeBYlO ero cmopoHY; gemu )J{e Heu606cKue UMeAU OCo6AuBoe
Mecmo, Komopoe 6AUCmQAO gparo4eHHblMu KaMeHbRMU. no
OKOHllaHUU y)J{uHa gaH 6blA 3HamHblU cjJeuepBepK, a nomOM
uHgeucKuu maHe4, Komopblu no MHo)J{ecmBY [maH4opoK] U
HOBocmu 3acAY)J{uBQA 6oAbUloro BHUMaHUR. OHblU cocmaBAR-
AO go nRmugecRmu 6oramo y6paHHblx )J{eHw,UH. B 5-mb llaCOB
ympa Mbl pa3'beXQAUCb U npU6blAU gOMOU B llpe3MepHOM ygo-
BOAhCmBUU OKOAO 7-MU llaCOB ympa.
ropog Magpac Ae)J(um npu 6epere KopoMaHgeAhCKOM U
npuHagAe)J{um aHrAuucKoU ocm-blHgcKou KOMnaHUU. Ero
pa3geAumb MO)J{HO Ha eBponeucKuu U uHguUCKUU ropoga,
-141-
H.H. HerrOMHHII(Ji1M
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nepBblU 06HeCeH peryA5lpHOlO KpenOCmblO U HanOAHeH KaMeH-
HblMU gOMaMu, rge HaxogRmcR malUKe KOMnaHeUCKUe Mara-
3eiiHbl, a nocAegHuu OKpY)l(eH HeBblCOKUM BOAOM, B KomopOM,
UCKAlOllaR HeCKOAhKUX eBponeuu,eB, )l(UBym caMU ocmblHu,u.
)l(UAuw,e ux He60AhUlUe Ma3aHKU C raAAepeRMU Ha YAUU,y, KOU
ogHaKo cogep)l(amCR gOBOAbHO llucmo. Mecmo cue Ha3blBa-
emCR llepHblM ropogoM U KynHo C ux xpaMaMU geAaem HeBa)l(-
HYlO cjJurypy.
MagpaccKaR OKpY)l(HOCmb BeCbMa 3aceAeHa U gOBOAbHO
npURmHaR, HO gopora om ropoga go ropbl CBRmoro (/)OMbl,
no o6e cmopOHbl Komopou nocmpoeHbl npeKpaCHble eBpo-
neUCKue gallu, 6e3nogo6HolO Ha3BambCR MO)l(em. OHa npo-
cmupaemCR Ha 8 1/ 2 MUAb U npegcmaBA5lem OgHY U3 3Ham-
HeuUlUx aAAeu B CBeme. JI ee UMeA cAyqau Bugemb HanOAHeH-
HYlO HapogoM B pa3Hblx nOB03Kax, Korga y ropbl 6blA KOHHblii
6er, U CKa)l(y 6e3npucmpacmHO, llmo maKOBOU KapmUHbl MHe
HUKorga He npegcmaB.MlAOCb npe)l(ge.
EBponeuu,bl 3gecb )l(UBym B yguBumeAbHOU pOCKOUlU, OHU
Ha Aemo ygQA5llOmCR B CBOU 3aropogHble MOAeHbKue gBOPU,bl,
a B ropoge 6blBalOm mOAbKO no gOA)l(HOCmRM om 10-mu lla-
COB ympa go 5-mu Bellepa. 3Kuna)J(U ux maK )l(e BeAUKOAen-
Hbl, KaK U Bce npOllee; KpOMe Kapem U cjJa3mOHOB Bce ynompe-
6A5llOm nOAaHKUHbl UAU pog llemblpeyroAbHoro Rw,UKa OKOAO
ceMU cjJym gAUHOlO U mpex UlUpUHOlO, OKpY)J(eHHorO)J(QA103R-
-142-
PYCCKaH J1H.D:J1H
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MU. CUU nOKOUHble nOB03KU 06blKHOBeHHO HOCRmCR AlOgbMU,
KOmOpble nognpRralOm Ce6R nog gAUHHblU UleCm, ymBep)l(-
geHHblu Ha cepeguHe. OHU ogeBalOmcR gocmamollHblMU B KU-
CeUHble nAambR, KaK U me, Komopble 6erym Bnepegu U n03a-
gu C KopomKUMU KonbRMU gAR ll,epeMOHUU.
no MaAOMY npe6blBaHUlO MHe HeAb3R MHoro CKa3amb 06
uHgeull,ax, HO, nO-BuguMOMY, )l(U3Hb ux gOBOAbHO nopRgoll-
HaR. OHU Bo06w,e pocma gOBOAhHO BblCOKoro, nocmpoeHbl xo-
pOulO U UMelOm llepmbl AUll, npuRmHble, a OC06AUBO )l(eHCKUU
nOA, Komopblu, UCKAlOllaR meMHoro ll,Bema meAa, He ycmynRm
MHoro CBOUM mOBapuw,aM B EBpone. EegHaR llacmb xogum
COBepUleHHO nOllmu HaraR, KpOMe He60AhUlOrO KYCKa nOAom-
Ha, nOKpblBalOw,ero Haromy, 60ramble ma1UKe ogeBalOmcR B
MUmKaAb UAU KucelO. OHU ma1UKe ynompe6ARlOm pog 1060K U
KopcemOB C gAUHHblMU pYKaBaMU, HO Bce reHepaAbHO HOCRm
Ha rOAOBax mlOp6aHbl. MYW,UHbl 6pelOm CBOU gAuHHble BO-
Aoca U ocmaBARlOm mOKMO OgHY MaKYUlKY U YCbl, a HeKomo-
pble HOCRm 60pOgbl; )l(eHw,UHbl )l(e nogKaAblBalOm C OU KOCbl,
cKpyquBaR HaBepx.
06a nOAa 3gecb BeCbMa AlO6Rm YKpaUlamb ce6R pa3HblMU
n06pRK}'UlKaMU; OHU He mOAhKO HOCRm ll,enu UAU 6YCbl Ha Ulee,
nepcmHU Ha nQAhll,ax U 6pblCAembl Ha pyxax, HO HageBalOm
mOAcmble MemQAhHble KOAhll,a Ha Horu U UMelOm cepbry B HOCY
om 3-x go 4-x glOUMOB B guaMempe. YulU )l(eHw,UH BOKpyr YBe-
UlaHbl YKpaUleHURMU, a Y MHorux gWKe nQAhll,bl Ha Horax B nep-
cmHRX, u60 OHe xogRm 60Cble, a MYW,UHbl mOAhKO ynompe6AR-
10m mycjJAu, HOCKU Komopblx 3aru6alOmcR HaBepx.
l1Hgeull,bl e3gRm B naAaHKUHax, BepxaMu Ha CAOHax UAU
AOUlagRX U B ogHoKOAKaX, Be30MblX napolO 6blKaMu, HO eCAU
nocAegHue OC06AUBO npuHagAe)l(am MycYAhMaHaM, OHe He
llmo UHoe, KaK He60AhUlUe KpyrAble C BepxOM 6aAgaxuHbl C
3aHaBeCKaMu, nog KOUMU cugemb gOA)l(HO C nog)l(amblMU nog
ce6R HoraMu, R BugeA BeCbMa 60ramble U3 HUX, Komopble Ka-
3aAUCb BeCbMa KpaCUBblMU.
l1CKAlOllaR eBpOneUll,eB U apMRH, Mecmo cue HaceAeHO pO-
gOM )l(eHmy U MYCYAbMaHaMU. XomR nocAegHue npOU30UlAU
om MOHrOAbll,eB - n06egumeAeu l1HgocmaHa, HO menepb CO-
cmaBARlOm OgHY Maccy C HacmoRw,uMu )l(UmeARMU. OHU UMe-
10m CBOU Mellemu, HO nocAegoBameAU EpaMbl He BMeUlUBa-
lOmCR B UX peAurulO, a 3aHUMalOmCR CBoelO, K Komopou cmOAh
MHoro npUBep)l(eHbl, llmo ceAeHUR UX reHepaAbHO HanOAHe-
-143-
H. H. HerrOMHHII(J1M
=
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Hbl XpaMaMU U Hem nepeYAKa, rge 6bl He HaxogUAacb qaCOB-
HR C UgOAOM. nporyAuBaRcb no ropogy BCKope nOCAe BOCXO-
)l(geHuR COAl-:4a, R qacmo BugeA paCKAageHHble orHU Ha nepe-
KpecmKax U npegMecmuRX, 60rOCAY)l(eHUR, BOKpyr KomopblX
mOAnbl Hapoga npUHOCUAU CBOU MOAumBbl CBemUAY, 03apRlO-
eMY Bce mBopeHue, KomopblM, BUgHO, uHgocmaH4bl npeg-
cmaBARlOm ce6e BceBblUlHee Cy ecmBo.
Hem B CBeme Hapoga, Komopblu Mor 6bl cpaBHumbcR C
)l(eHmy B pa3cY)l(geHuu qUCmOmbl; MO)J(HO CKa3amb, qmo OHU
He AO)l(amCR U He BcmalOm 6e3 06MblBaHUR Bcero meAa. AlOgu
CUU ma1UKe Morym CAY)l(Umb npUMepOM no CKpOMHocmu CBO-
eu )l(U3HU, nu a UX cocmoum U3 COPOqUHCKOro nUleHa U 3e-
AeHU, a numue U3 qUcmOU BOgbl; npu BceM mOM pa60quu Ha-
pog mpygumcR He MeHee HaUlero. Eblcmpoma YMa uHgeu4eB
6e3nogo6HaR, u60 CO BceB03MO)l(HOlO 6epe)J(AUBOCmblO peg-
KO KOMY ygacmcR CKpblmb CBOlO MblCAb om cAyru UAU ge6o-
Ula, a KOAbMU naqe om nocAegHero, KomopblU 6e3npecmaHHO
CMompum B rAa3a U cmapaemCR Y3Hamb, qeM AyqUle MO)l(em
o6MaHymb. 3mom gBope4KUU He mpe6yem HUKaKOU nAambl,
a gOBoAbcmByemcR meM, qmo nepenagem B ero PYKU om no-
KynoK; yguBUmeAhHO Bugemb, C KaKOU nblAKOCmblO Hapog ceu
B YMe geAaem apucjJMemuKY, y HUX B MUHymy mblCRqU MHO-
)l(amCR, CAaralOmCR U geARmcR.
C npue3gy HaUlero Ha 6eper Mbl Ka)l(gblu Beqep 3a6aBAR-
AUCb 3geUlHuMu cBage6HblMu 4epeMoHuRMU, Komopblx B ro-
pogy 6blAO BeAUKoe MHO)l(eCmBO. Cue BpeMR npegBo3Be eHo
6blAO no ux peAuruu CqaCIIlAUBblM, cAegoBameAbHo, Ka)l(gblu,
Kl1l0 UMeA CblHa UAU gOqb Y ce6R, CmapQACR ux )l(eHUmb He me-
pRR BpeMeHu. He ycneem COAH4e onycmumbcR 3a ropu30Hm,
KaK nOBclOgy cgeAalOmcR CAhlUlHbl mpy6bl U 6apa6aHbl, 4epe-
MOHUU 3a 4epeMoHueu npomeKaem YAu4bl, Komopble om cjJa-
KeAOB Ka)l(ymcR U3gQAU ropR uMU. EblBUlU ogHa)l(gbl npurAa-
UleH Ha cBagb6y K 6oramoMY Kyn4Y, MHe xomeAOCb Y3Hamb
BeCb 06pRg OHOU, a nomoMY R peUlUAcR npucymcmBoBamb C
HaqQAa U go KOH4a. B 6-mb qaCOB Beqepa Mbl BblUlAU U3 gOMY
B maKOBOU npo4eccuu. CnepBa UlAa MY3blKa, nepeg KomopolO
OguH mpy6UA B npegAuHHYlO mpy6y, nomOM eXQA MQAbqUK
BepxoM B 3HamHOM a3uamCKOM y6ope, OHOMY nocAegoBQAU
a3uamCKue U eBponeucKue KOARCKU, HanOAHeHHble MQAbqU-
KaMU U geBOqKaMU om 4-x go 10-mu Aem. nOCAe cero Be3eH
6blA )l(eHUX C HeBecmolO BepxoM Ha AOUlagu. OHe 6blAU y6pa-
-144-
PYCCKaH J1H.IClifH
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=
Hbl 6pUAUaHmaMU C HOr go rOAOBbl, AOUlagb )l(e BeAU gBa UH-
geull,a, no 60KaM Komopou WAO gA5l ll,epeMOHUU no mpu lleAO-
BeKa C KonbRMU U no OgHOMY, Komopbl-Q gep)l(QA no 60AhUlOU
napaCOAU Hag )l(eHUXOM U HeBecmolO. 3a celO rpynnolO eXQAO
HeCKOAbKO MQAbllUKOB Ha AOUlagRX; OHU 6blAU ogembl B pa3-
Hble eBponeUCKue MYHgUpbl U npegcmaBA5lAU BeCbMa CMeUl-
HYlO cjJuryPY, a KOAbMU nalle Korga npOe3)l(QAU mOAny 3pume-
Aeu U CHUMQAU UlA5lnbl.
Ka)l(gaR U3 UXHUX AOUlageu UMeAa ma1UKe gBYX npOBO)l(a-
mblX, llmo C cjJaKeAaMU, napaCOA5lMU U gpyruMu npuHagAe)l(-
HocmRMU COCmaBA5lAO HeMQAOBa)l(HblU BUg. Mbl nocelll,QAU
Bce YAUll,bl go 8-MU llaCOB, a morga npU6blAU B gOM, Ha3Ha-
lleHHblU gA5l cBage6Horo nupUlecmBa. JI npUHY)l(geH 6blA go-
)l(ugambcR Ha YAull,e, nOKygoBa 06pRg ll,epKOBHblU )l(eHUmb6bl
He KOHllUACR, u60 B npogOA)l(eHUe OHoro AlOgRM gpyrou pe-
Auruu npucymcmBoBamb He n03BOA5lemCR, 0 lleM X03RUH npu
nepBOU Bcmpelle U3BUHUACR, a Me)l(gy meM npegcmaBUA MeHR
MOAOgblM, Komopble morga y)l(e cugeAu nog BeAUKOAenHOlO
6QAgaxuHblO, ogemble B 6eAoe KuceUHoe nAambe. MQAbllUKY
He 6blAO 60Aee 10-mu, a geBollKe OKOAO 6-mu Aem. no 3geUl-
HeMY 06blKHoBeHulO omll,bl Bcerga COCmaBA5llOm napmuu U
HepegKo )l(eHRm gemeu 4-x UAU 5-mu AemHUX, Komopble go
npuUlecmBuR B B03pacm )l(UBym nopo3Hb. no o6e cmopOHbl
6QAgaxuHa 6blAO nocmaBAeHO no Kop3UHe C KOKOCOBblMU ope-
xaMU, nogAe KomopblX cugeAo no lleAoBeKY C 6YMarolO.
K MOAOgblM nogxogUAu ux 3HaKOMble no nopRgKY U CBU-
gemeAbCmBOBQAU CBoe nOllmeHue UM, 06MOKHYBUlU nQAell,
B 60AhUlYlO llaUlY KpaCKU U nomOM gompoHYBUlUCb A6a )l(e-
Huxa U HeBeCmbl. nOCAe cero npUBemcmBUR Ka)l(gblu gaBQA
nogapoK, COCmORlll,UU U3 geHer (Komopble morga )l(e U 3a-
nUCblBQAUCb B npuxog), U nOA}'1lQA B 06MeH KOKOCOBblU opex.
B npogOA)l(eHUe cero ny6AuKa 3a6aBA5lAaCb maHll,OBlll,ull,aMU,
KomopblR MHe ogHaKo He nOHpaBUAUCb. Bce ux gBU)l(eHUR co-
cmORAU B gBYX UAU mpex BblcmynKax Bnepeg U Ha3ag, llmo
mOAbKO npou3BogUAo UlYM no6pRKYUleK, KomopblMu Horu
ux 6blAU nOKpblmbl. JI 6blAO n03a6blA ynoMRHymb, llmo npa-
Bble PYKU HOBo6pallHblx 6blAU CBR3aHbl mOHKUM 6YMa)l(HblM
UlHypKOM, Komoporo KOHell, BuceA Ha Ulee )l(eHUXa, a cue U
npegcmaBA5lAO cBRlll,eHHYlO CBR3b 3aMY)J(ecmBa.
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pOgOM, a nocAegHRR ocmaemCR gAR rocmeu nOllemHblX U cjJa-
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HblMU U3 cjJOAbru, llmo Bce BMecme C AlOcmpaMU, cjJOHapRMU U
MY3blKOlO noxogum 60Aee Ha urpuw,e YKpaUleHHoe.
XOmR )l(apa 6blAa llpe3BblllaUHaR, HO Mbl npUHY)l(geHbl
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BeCbMa 06pagoBGAUCb gocmurHymb npegMecmbR new,epbl, KO-
mopoe YKpblAO Hac om 3HOR COAHellHoro. CUR CAaBHaR new,epa
gAUHOlO B 50 UlarOB cOBepUleHHo Bbl6uma U3 KpenKoro gUKO-
ro KaMHR U pa3geAeHa Ha mpu omgeAeHuR Y)l(aCHOU mOAw,u-
Hbl CmOAl1aMU Ha llemblpexyrOAhHblX OCHOBaHURX. Ha npaBou
cmopOHe OHOU HQXogumcR QAIIlapb, nOAOBUHa Koero Y)l(e pa3-
PYUlUAacb. Bce cmeHbl cero yguBUmeAhHOrO xpaMa nOKpbl-
mbl pe3b601O, npegcmaBARlOw,elO 6acHocAoBue rUHgblcmaHa,
U XOmR MHororo Y)l(e pa3CMompemb HeB03MO)l(HO om gpeBHo-
cmu, HO HeAh3R llm06bl He yguBARmbcR UCKYccmBY cmapUH-
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B He6pe)l(eHUU, om Komoporo npuxogum e)l(egHeBHo B pa3py-
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MRmHUKOM BeAUllecmBa mex, KomopblX nomOMKU cgeAGAUCb
nOllmu HeBOAhHUKaMU ropcmu eBponeuu,eB.
B paCCY)l(geHUU)l(e CAOBa omMeHHoro HUllero CKa3amb He
MO)l(HO, KpOMe llmo OHblU go nOAOBUHbl Y)l(e U3AOMaH MOAO-
gblMU BepmonpaxaMU, llacmo npUe3)l(alOw,UMU Ha ocmpOB
gAR ryARHKU. Ha B03BpamHOM nymu B EOM6eu R 3aeXGA B Ma-
carGA, B KomopoM cmpoRmcR He60AbUlue cyga, ga6bl Bugemb
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06blKHOBeHHOU Ha ceu cAfIlau u,epeMOHUU agMUpGA PeUHUp
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llUA 3aKJlagKY.
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HeceH gOBOAbHO 3HamHOlO KpenocmulO, KomopaR mpe6yem
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cmBO UMeem ry6epHamop MGAa6apCKoro 6epera U c COBe-
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-146-
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mY)l(e MUHymy YMepmBumb CBOlO )l(eHY, B KomopylO OHU YBU-
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lO aH pOAl> POCCHH Ha CQeHe eBpoIIeMcKoM IIOAI1THKH 6bIAa
IIOKa3aHa C IIOAHOM HarAHAHOCTblO. Pa3Be I1TaAbHHCKHM IIO-
XOA CYBopoBa 3a TPH MeCHQa He IIepeqepKHYA Bce II06eAbI
H 3aBoeBaHHH IIpOCAaBAeHHbIX <ppaHQY3CKHX IIOAKOBOA-
QeB? Pa3Be OH He IIOCTaBI1A <DpaHQHIO Ha KpaM IIOpa)KeHHH?
11 3aTeM, KorAa POCCI1H BbIllIAa H3 KOaAHQHI1, pa3Be qallIa Be-
COB He CKAOHHAaCb CHOBa B IIOAb3Y <DpaHQI1H?»
MO)KHO IIOAP06HO paCCY>KAaTb, IIOqeMY PYCCKI1M Qapb
IIpeAIIOqeA B03pO>KAalO YlOcH <ppaHQY3CKYIO MOHapxHIO
CBoeKopbICTHOM AHrAHI1, BO BCHKOM AeAe CTpeMH eMCH AO-
CTl1qb CBoeM BbIroAbI B y ep6 APyrHM. MO)KHO BCIIOMHHTb,
QTO TeCHbIe PYCCKO-<ppaHQY3CKHe OTHOllIeHHH cy ecTBoBa-
AH B OIIpeAeAeHHbIe IIepHOAbI QapCTBOBaHHM 11 EAH3aBeTbI
neTpOBHbI, H EKaTepHHbI 11...
OAHaKo ollIH6alOTcH Te, KTO CQI1TaeT, QTO I1HAI1MCKI1M
noxoA 6bIA HaQaT HCKAlOqHTeAbHO B yroAY HOBbIM cppaHQY3-
CKHM APY3bHM.
« Yyrb II03)Ke nOMAyr pa3roBopbI 06 YMoIIoMpaQeHHI1
naBAa, oTIIpaBHBllIero Ka3aKOB B noxOA Ha I1HAHIO, - IIHllIeT
B KHHre «.A.AeKcaHAP I» HCTOpl1K A.H. ApxaHreAl>cKI1M. -
-153-
H. H. HeIIOMHHIll:IilM
=
=
o TOM )Ke, qTO IIAaH pa3pa6aTbIBaACH COBMeCTHO C HarrOAeO-
HOM, paBHO KaK 0 AaBHHX rrAaHax EKaTepHHbI BOeBaTb 6epera
raHra H nepCMACKOM rroxoAe neTpa, KaK-TO 3a6bIBaAOCb».
TaK qeM )Ke BbI3BaHbI pe3KO OTpHQaTeAbHbIe OQeHKH
60AbllIHHCTBa PYCCKHX, a BCAeA 3a HMMH H COBeTCKHX HCTO-
pHKOB «I1HAHMCKoro rrAaHa» rOCYAapH naBAa neTpOBMqa?
BOT, HarrpHMep, qTO coo6 aeT 3HaMeHMTbIM PYCCKHM
HCTOpHK reHepaA-AeMTeHaHT HHKoAaM KapAOBHq WHAb-
Aep, aBTop KHHr «I1MrrepaTop naBeA I», «¥IMrrepaTop AAeK-
caHAP I» H «I1MrrepaTop HHKoAaM I»: «naBeA He 06011IeACH
6e3 06bIqHbIX cpaHTaCTHqeCKHX YBAeqeHHM: 6bIA 3ClAYMaH
rroxoA B I1HAHIO. XOTH 0 COBMeCTHOM AeMCTBHH PYCCKMX BO-
MCK C cppaHQY3CKHMH B 3TOM HarrpaBAeHHH MeqTaA TaK)Ke H
rrepBbIM KOHCYA, 3aMbIlliMIH OKOHqaTeAbHOe rrOpa)KeHHe AH-
rAHH, H C 3TOM QeAblO pa3pa6oTaA rrpoeKT rroxOAa B I1HAHIO,
HO HMrrepaTOp naBeA B03HaMepHACH pellIHTb 3TY TPYAHYIO
3ClAaqy caMOCTOHTeAbHO, rrpM rrocpeACTBe OAHHX Ka3aKOB».
Aa, TH)KeAa pOAb «rrpHABopHoro HCTopHKa», H60 eMY
cAeAyeT He TOAbKO 3arJUIAbIBaTb B rrpOllIAoe, HO H rrOCTOHH-
HO OrJUIAbIBaTbCH Ha HaCTOH ee. nHcaTb 06 HMrrepaTope,
y6HTOM C MOAqaAMBOrO corAaCHH ero CbIHa, MO)KHO TOAbKO
B CTpO)KaHllIeM COOTBeTCTBMH C BbICOqaHllIe yrBep>KAeHHOH
BepcHeM... A OHaH BepCHH rAaCHT: «6e3YMeQ, ry6HBllIMM POC-
CHIO». 11 HeT HY>KAbI, qTO HaCAeAHMK-OTQey6HMQa 3aKAIOqaA
rrOTOM C TeM )Ke HarrOAeOHOM rr030pHbIM M5I POCCHH THAb-
3HTCKHM MHP, a APyroM CbIH y6HeHHoro HMrrepaTopa orrHTb-
TaKH rr030pHO rrpOHrpaA BOCToqHYIO BOMHY TeM )Ke cppaHQY-
3aM H aHrAHqaHaM... I1HTepecHo, Ha KaKyro cryrreHb B03Hec-
AaCb 6bI POCCMH B COlO3e C HarrOAeOHOBCKOM <DpaHQHeM H
KaKoe MeCTO AOCTaAOCb 6bI B TOM pa3AeAeHHOM Ha ABe ccpe-
pbI BAHHHHH MMpe AHrAHH, eCAH 6bI He Qapey6HMCTBO?
norrpo6yeM 6ecrrpHCTpaCTHO BOCCTaHOBMTb C06bITHH
60Aee qeM ABYXCOTAeTHeM AaBHOCTH. I1TaK, 12 (24) HHBa-
pH 1801 rOAa HMrrepaTop naBeA oTrrpaBHA aTaMaHY BOMcKa
AOHcKoro reHepaAY OT KaBaAepHH B.n. OpAOBY I-MY He-
CKOAbKO pecKpMrrTOB, rropyqaH eMY ABMraTbCH «rrpHMO qe-
pe3 EyxapHIO H XMBY Ha peKY I1HAYC H Ha 3aBeAeHHH aH-
rAHMCKHe, rro HeH Ae)Ka He».
ABClAu;aTb TbIC5IQ Ka3aKOB -
B I1HAl1lO, B IIOXOA! -
-154-
PYCCKa.H J1HJJ:J1.H
=
=
OaBeA I IIpl1Ka3aA
B CBOH IIOCAeAHI1H rOA.
Ka3aKH - 22 507 ca6eAb rrpH 12 eAHHoporax H CTOAb-
KHX )Ke rrYlliKax, COpOK OAHH rrOAK H ABe KOHHbIe pOTbI -
rrOIIIAM, rrpeoAoAeBaH B AeHb rro 30-40 BepcT. I1x nyrb OKa-
3aACH BeCbMa HeAerKHM H3-3a HeAOCTaTOqHOH nOArOTOBKH,
AYPHbIX Aopor H rrorOAHbIX YCAOBHH, B TOM qHCAe HerrpeA-
BHAeHHO paHHero BCKpbITHH peKe «ECAM... OTPHAY rrpHIIIAOCb
npeOAOAeBaTb HeHMOBepHbIe TPYAHOCTH rrpH ABH)KeHHH no
c06CTBeHHOM 3eMAe, TO AerKO ce6e rrpeACTaBHTb nAaqeBHYIO
yqacTb AOHQOB npH AaAbHeMllieM ABH)KeHHH HX, B oco6eH-
HOCTH 3a OpeH6yprOM!» - 6YKBaAbHO BOCKAHQaeT B CBoeM
KHHre reHepaA WHAbAep.
He pOIITaAM, BbIIIOAH5IAH
BOAlOIIIKY u;ap5I.
Ka3aKI1, KOHeqHO, 3HaAM,
T..JTO BCe 3TO 3P5I.
ECAM BepHTb eMY H APyrHM «Tp(lAHQMOHHbIM» HCTOPH-
KaM, TO H3 rroxoAa rroAyqHAacb HeHMOBepHaH rAynocTb, H
HHqerO 60Aee. Ho AyqIIIe He rrOBepHTb H B3HTb H3AaHHYIO B
1982 rOAY KHHry HaTaHa 51KoBAeBHqa 3MAeAbMaHa «rpaHb
BeKOB». OCHoBaHHaH Ha HeH3BeCTHbIX paHee AOKYMeHTax,
OHa BOHCTHHY nOTpHCAa qHTaTeAeM. 113 Hee MO)KHO Y3HaTb
o cy ecTBoBaHHM CAeAYIO ero nAaHa: «35 TbICHq cppaHQY3-
CKOM neXOTbI C apTHAAepHeM BO rAaBe C OAHHM M3 AyqIIIHx
cppaHQY3cKHX reHepaAOB, MacceHa, A0J\.)KHbI ABHHyrbCH rro
AyHalO, qepe3 YepHoe Mope, TaraHpor, WapHQbIH, ACTpa-
xaHb... B YCTbe BOArH cppaHQY3bI A0A)KHbI coeAMHMTbCH C
35-TbICHqHOM PYCCKOM apMHeM (nOHHTHO, He CqHTaH Toro Ka-
3aQberO BOMCKa, KOTopoe «CBOHM nyreM» HAeT qepe3 Eyxa-
pHIO). 06'beAHHeHHbIM PYCCKo-cppaHQY3CKMM Kopnyc 3aTeM
nepeCeqeT KacrrHMCKoe Mope H BbIC(lAHTCH B ACTpa6(lAe».
POCCHH BbIIIIAa M3 BTOpOM aHTHcppaHQY3cKOM KOaAHQHM
H3-3a npoTHBOpeqHM CO CBOMMH COI03HHKaMH. HeYAaqa co-
BMeCTHoro C BeAHK06pHTaHHeM BTOp)KeHHH B HHAepAaH-
AbI nOAO)KHAa HaqaAO pa3pbIBY, a oKKyrraQMH aHrAHqaHaMM
MaAbTbI pa3rHeBaAa TIaBJ\.a I, pOCcHMcKoro MMrrepaTopa, KO-
TOpbIM B TO BpeMH BA(lAeA THTYAOM BeAHKOrO MarHCTpa MaAb-
-155-
H.H. HerrOMHHID:JilM
=
=
.
--..
\.
HanoAeoH B Erunme. XygO)/(HUK )/(.-A. )/(epOM
THMCKOrO 0PAeHa. OH CrrelliHO pa30pBaA COlO3 C EpHTaHHeM H
BOllieA B aAbHHC C HarrOAeOHOM, KOTOpbIM H rrpeMO)KHA IIAaH
COBMeCTHOM 3KCrreAHQHH C QeAbIO 3axBaTa I1HAHH.
15 cpeBpOAR 1801 roga. ParropT reHepaAa OT KaBaAepHH
B.n. OpAOBa naBAY I 0 He06xoAHMOCTH rrpHKoMaHAHpoBa-
HHH K Ka3aqbeMY BOMCKY rrepeBOAqHKOB BOCTOqHbIX H3bIKOB
H MeAHQHHCKoro rrepCOHaAa.
KOlJ.emOBCKaR cmaHuu,a.
BceMUAocmuBeullluu rocygapb.
BceBbICOlJ.aUlllUU Balllero UMnepamopcKoro BeAUlJ.eCmBa
pecKpunm om 3 lJ.UCAa cero MecRu,a ygocmoUAcR R nOAYIJ.umb
U BcenoggaHHeullle BaUleMY UMnepamopcKoMY BeAUlJ.eCmBY
-156-
PYCCKaH MHJJ:JilH
=
=
gOHOlllY, llmO co C60PHblX MeCm BOUCKa, no yq.UHeHUU nepe-
CMompa, nocnelllY Bblcmynumb B noxog C nepBoro llUCAa 6y-
gyw,ero Mapma. OCMeAUBalOCb Ballle UM-nepamopCKoe BeAU-
llecmBO BcenoggaHHeullle npocumb, He 6AaroyrogHo AU 6y-
gem BceMUAocmUBeUllle nOBeAemb npuKoMaHgupoBamb KO
MHe 3HalOUJ,Ux Hau,UOHaAbHble mex Mecm nepeBogbl, 6yge ma-
KOBble HaugumbcR Morym. Jl nomOMY BceMUAocmUBeUlllUU
rocygapb CllumalO HY)/(HblM UMemb OHbLX, llmo MO)/(HO 06Ha-
ge)/(UmbCR Ha UX BepHocmb, He)/(eAU npUUCKaHHoro B Mecmax
06R3aHHoro no )/(UmeAbCmBY. A malUKe BcenoggaHHeullle Ba-
lllero UMnepamopcKoro BeAUllecmBa npolllY U 0 Meguu,uH-
CKUX llUHax, KOU Ha BCRKUU cAyq.au 6ygym BOUCKY HY)/(Hbl.
nOBepralO ce6R K oCBRUJ,eHHeullluM Balllero UMnepamop-
CKoro BeAUllecmBa cmonaM, Balllero UMnepamopcKoro BeAU-
llecmBa BceMUAocmuBeulllero rocygapR BcenoggaHHeUw.uu
BacUAuu OpAOB.
(Ha gOKYMeHme nOMembl) nUcamb K reHepaAy-npoKYpoPy
U nOCblAamb gBeHagu,amb AeKapeu c OgHUM lllma6-AeKapeM, K
BOUCKY AOHCKOMY. nUCaA nUCbMO KH. rarapuH om ce6R. nOA y-
lleHO 23 cpeBpOAR 1801 roga C cpeAbg-erepeM 3UMHRKOBblM.
PfBI1A, <p. 26, on. 1/152, A. 104, A. 683. nOAAHHHHK.
CeKpeTHbIM rrAaH 3KcrreAHQHH rrpeAycMaTpHBaA COBMeCT-
HbIe orrepaQHM ABYX rreXOTHbIX KopnycoB - OAHoro <ppaH-
QY3cKoro {c apTHAAepHMcKoM rrOMep)KKoM} H OAHoro pOC-
cHMcKoro. Ka>KAbIM rrexoTHbIM Kopnyc COCTOHA M3 35 TbIC.
qeAOBeK, 06 ee KOAHqeCTBO qeAOBeK A0J\.)KHO 6bIAO AOCTHr-
Hyrb 70 TbIC., He CqHTaH apTMAAepHH H Ka3aQKOM KOHHHQbI.
HarrOAeOH HaCTaHBaA, qT06bI KOMaHAoBaHHe <ppaHQY3CKHM
KopnycoM 6bIAO rropyqeHo reHepaAY MacceHa. no nAaHY
<ppaHQY3CKoe BOMCKO A0J\.)KHO 6bIAO nepeMTH AYHaM H Yep-
Hoe Mope, npOMTM qepe3 IO)KHyro POCCHIO, OCTaHaBAMBaHCb
B TaraHpore, WapHQbIHe M ACTpaxaHH.
06'beAHHHTbCH C pOCCHMCKHM BOMCKOM <ppaHQY3bI A0J\.)K-
HbI 6bIAM B YCTbe BOAI'H. nOcAe 3Toro 06a Koprryca nepeceKa-
AM KacnMMCKoe Mope M BbICaJKMBaAHCb B rrepCHACKOM rrop-
TY ACTpa6ClA. Bce rrepeMe eHHe M3 <DpaHQHH B ACTpa6ClA, no
nOACqeTaM, 3aHHMaAO BoceMbAecHT AHeM. CAeAyro He nHTb-
AecHT AHeM 3aHHMaA noxoA qepe3 KaHAarap H fepaT, H K ceH-
TH6pIO Toro )Ke rOAa nAaHMpOBaAOCb AocTMrHyrb I1HAHH.
-157-
H.H. HerrOMHHIll:I1M
=
=
no rrAaHaM HHAllMCKllM rroxoA A0A)KeH 6bIA rrOXOAllTb Ha
ErHrreTCKHM rroxoA EOHarrapTa - BMeCTe C CO.l\AaTaMH OT-
rrpaBJUIAHCb HH)KeHepbI, XYA0)KHHKH, yqeHbIe.
MO)KHO CMe5lTbC5I HClA rrOIIbITKOH 3aXBaTHTb I1HAlllO
ABClAQaTHTbIC5IqHOM Ka3aqbeH OPAOH, HO eCAH K HeM rrpll-
6aBHTb 70 TbIC. peryJUIpHOM PYCCKOH 11 paHQY3cKOM IIexo-
TbI, rrpeACTaBJUIBIIIllX ABe AyqIIIHe apMllll Mllpa, TO Tyr Y)Ke
KOMY-TO 11 YAbI6aTbC5I He 3aXOQeTC5I. A BeAb B ErHrrTe ern;e
OCTaBaAHCb CHAbI TOM apMHH, KOTOpylO B 1798 rOAY IIpHBeA
K IIllpaMHAaM HarroAeoH! A C KaMQaTKH B I1HAHMCKllM OKe-
aH A0A)KHbI 6bIAH rroAoMTH TPll PYCCKHX peraTa, KOTopbIe
MorAH COCTaBHTb AOCTOH-
HYIO KOHKypeHQHIO Haxo-
MIrn;HMC5I TaM aHrAHHCKHM
Kopa6JUIM.. .
KCTaTll, C rrpeCAOBY-
TbIM Ka3aqbllM IIOXOAOM
AeAO TO)Ke 06CTOHT AaAe-
KO He TaK rrpOCTO, KaK Ka-
)KeTC5I C rrepBoro B3rAHAa.
BeAb Ha AOHY TorAa 6bIAO
OQeHb Aa)Ke HeCIIOKOM-
HO. OAHO TOAbKO TO, qTO
oceHblO 1800 rOAa B Yep-
KaCCKe 6bIAll Ka3HeHbI
...
II.
«3a M5.ITe)KHbIe 3aMbICAbI»
rrOAKOBHllK AeM6-rBapAHH
Ka3aqberO rrOAKa EBrpa
fPY3HHOB - 113 6bIBIIIHX
raTQHHQeB, TO eCTb H3 ca-
MbIX BepHbIX, rrpeAaHHbIX,
CAY)KllBIIIllX rrpH naBAe
ern;e B 6bITHOCTb ero Be-
AHKllM KH5I3eM, - H 6paT
EBrpa a OTCTaBHOM rrOA-
rrOl\.KOBHllK neTp fPY3H-
HOB, CBllAeTeAbcTByeT 0
MHorOM. I1MrrepaTop He
pa3 BbICKa3bIBal\. )KeAaHlle
«BCTp5.IXHyrb Ka3aQKOB»,
nOpmpem Ka3allbero amaMaHa
B.n. OpAOBa.
HeU3BecmHblU XygO}J{HUK
-158-
PYCCKaH J1H.D:J1H
=
=
BOT H OTIIpaBMA HX «CBOMM
IIyreM» - B QeMlx «BOHH-
CKOrO BOCIIMTaHHH». He-
cAyqaHHo, 3HaQHT, B03-
BpaTMAHCb K CBOHM IIOA-
KaM reHepaA nAaTOB M
HHbIe ocpHQepbI, BbIIIY-
eHHwe IIepeA IIOXOAOM
M3 KpeIIOCTH.
npOMAeT ABa C AHIlI-
HMM AeCHTHAeTHH, H IIO-
CAe «CeMeHOBCKOM MCTO-
PHH» rOCYAapb AAeKcaHAP
naBAOBHq B03HaMepHTCH
«IIpOBeTpHTb rBapAHIO».
TaK KaK BOMHbI He 6bIAO,
TO Qapb OTIIpaBHA ee IIOXOAOM B 3aII(lAHbIe ry6epHHH. Ay-
MaeTCH, IIpe6bIBaHHe B He06YCTpoeHHbIX MeCTeqKaX AOCTa-
BHAO rBapAeMCKOM apHCTOKpaTHH He MeHbllIHe HeYAo6cTBa,
QeM 3aKaAeHHbIM Ka3aKaM IIOXOA qepe3 3HMHIOIO CTeIIb.
\i.
"
\t
OgUH U3 AyqUlUX cjJpaHu,Y3cKUX
reHepQAOB A. MacceHa
rAe I1HAI1HCKl1e aAMa3bI,
Op5IHOCTI1, KOBpbI?
rAe pOCKoIIIHble rroAapKI1:
rpY3 113 EyxapbI? -
BOIIpOlliaeT II03T.
12 Mapma 1801 roga. PeCKpHIIT AAeKcaHApa I reHepaA Y
OT KaBaAepMH B.n. OpAOBY 0 IIpeKpa eHMM IIoxoAa B I1H-
AMIO H B03Bpa eHHH Ka3aKOB Ha AOH.
nemep6ypr
rocnoguHY reHepaAY om KaBaAepUU OpAOBY l-MY
no nOAyqeHuu cero nOBeAeBalO BaM co BceMU Ka3allbUMU
nOAKaMU, cAegylOUJ,uMu HblHe C BaMu no ceKpemHoii 3Kcnegu-
4UU, B03BpamumbcR Ha AOH U pacnycmumb ux no gOMaM.
BHellIHHH IIOAMTHKa POCCMM XIX H HaqaAa XX BeKa. Ao-
K)'MeHTbI POCcHMcKoro MHHHcTepcTBa HHocTpaHHbIx AeA.
T. 1. M., 1960. C. 11.
-159-
H. H. HerrOMH.HIUJ1M
=
=
B 06 eM, KaK BbIHCHHeTCH, B rrOCTYrrKaX PYCCKOrO apH
BCe HMeAO CBOH qeTKHH rAy60KHH CMbICA. H HeyroTHO BAPyr
CTaAO TOrAa Ha EpHTaHCKHX OCTpOBaX, H 3a6ecrrOKOHAOCb
aHrAHHCKOe rrpaBHTeAbCTBO, H B POCCHIO rrOIliAO rro TaHHbIM
KaHaAaM e e 60AbllIe AeHer, KOTopbIe... BrrpOqeM, 3TO Y>Ke
OTHOCHTCH K APyrHM rreqaAbHbIM C06bITHHM.
He BbI3bIBaeT COMHeHHH, qTO C TOqKH 3peHHH cppaH Y3-
CKHX HHTepecoB BoeHHoe BTOp>KeHHe B A3HIO C KOHeqHOH
eAbIO 3aBoeBaHHH HHAocTaHa CTaAO 6bI cTpaTerHqeCKH
Ba>KHbIM llIarOM. 3TO rrpHBeAo 6bI K rroAHoMY Kpaxy BeAH-
K06pHTaHHH H H3MeHHAO reOrrOAHTHqeCKHH paCKAClA CHA B
MHpe. BrrepBbIe HAeH 06 HHAHHCKOM rroxoAe 6bIAa BbICKa-
3aHa EOHarrapToM B 1797 rOAY, e e AO ero 3KcrreAH HH B
ErHrreT. n03AHee, rrpHMI K BAaCTH, OH HaCTOHqHBO BHYllIaA
MbICAb 0 COBMeCTHOM rroxoAe B HHAHIO HMrrepaTopy naBAY I.
H orrpeAeAeHHbIx ycrrexoB eMY YAaAOCb A06HTbCH. npaBAa,
pOCCHHCKHH rocYAapb, Aa>Ke He 3aKAlOqHB COlO3a C rrepBbIM
KOHCYAOM <DpaH HH, 3aXOTeA pellIHTb 3TY 3ClAaqy caMOCTO-
HTeAbHO H OTAaA rrpHKa3 06 oTrrpaBKe Ka3aqbHX rrOAKOB Af\5I
rrOHCKa rryreH B MaA03HaKoMYIO TorAa Af\5I PYCCKHX cTpaHY.
HCrrOAHHTb ero rrpHIlIAocb qaCTHM BOHcKa AOHcKoro. Ero
41-H rrOAK H ABe pOTbI apTHAAepHH (22 TbIC. qeAOBeK) B cpeB-
paAe 1801 rOAa BbICrynHAH - qepe3 6e3A1OAHyro OpeH6ypr-
CKyro CTerrb - Ha 3aBoeBaHHe CpeAHeH A3HH. C 3Toro rrAa -
AapMa HM Aerqe 6bIAO AOCTHqb HHAHH - rAaBHoH >KeMqY>KH-
HbI B KopoHe EpHTaHcKoH HMrrepHH. Ho, rrpeoAoAeB 3a TPH
HeAeAH 700 BepcT, Ka3aKH rroAyqHAH H3 neTep6ypra OAHO H3
rrepBbIx rroBeAeHHH BOllieAlliero Ha rrpecToA MOAOAoro AAeK-
caHApa I - B03Bpa aTbcH Ha AOH.
3KcrreAH HH PYCCKHX B CpeAHlO1O A3HIO TorAa cepbe3Ho
06ecrroKoHAa aHrAHqaH, H He 6e3 HX rrOMO H pOCCHMCKHH
HMrrepaTOp naBeA I 6bIA y6HT 3aroBop HKaMH.
...J\eTorrHcb rraBAOBCKoro apcTBoBaHHH OKa3aAaCb
HaCTOAbKO cKpbITa HAH HCKa>KeHa 3a 60Aee qeM rroAYBe-
KOBoe rrpaBAeHHe ABYX naBAOBHqeH, qTO K HeH B TaKOM
BHAe rrpocTo rrpHBbIKAH. Me>KAY TeM 3TH BpeMeHa >KAyr
e e CBOHX HCCAeAOBaTeAeM, KOTopbIe AOA>KHbI He TOAbKO
BOCKpeCHTb rr03a6bITbIe C06bITHH rrpOIliAoro, HO H rrOHHTb,
KaK H AAH qero C03AalOTCH AereHAbI, KOMY BbIrOAHO rrOA-
MeHHTb HMH rrOAAHHHbIe CTpaHH bI HallieM OTeqeCTBeH-
HOM HCTOpHH.
-160-
PYCCKa5I J.1HJJ:J15I
=
=
KCT ATJ1...
B POCCHH lllAa rpa>K- I
AaHCKa51 BOMHa. B TO Bpe-
M5I, KOrAa rrCiAeHHe rep-
MaHCKOrO peMXa B Ho-
516pbCKOM peBOAIO HH H
rrOCrrelllHOe 6erCTBO rep-
MaHCKHX oKKyrraHToB TaK
If He rrpHHeCAH 60AbllleBH-
KaM KOHTpOA51 HCiA H)roM
POCCHH, KorAa Ao6pOBOAb-
qeCKa51 apMH5I lllAa Ha Mo-
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ocpH ep H pa3BeAqHK OCT-HHACKOM KOMrraHHH, MHOrO e3-
AHBIlIHM rro BOCTOKY H HaXOAHBIlIHMCH B KOH e rrepBoro -
HaqaAe BToporo AeCHTHAeTHH rrpOIliAoro BeKa B CeBepHOM
HHAHH. OH 6bIA 3HaKOM C rrpHKa3qHKaMH M. PacpaHAOBa H,
BepOHTHO, 3HaA Hero caMoro. CorAaCHO Y. MypKpOcpry, Pa-
cpaHAOB - BbIxoAe H3 nepCHH, ero MaTb 6bIAa KorAa-To pa-
6bIHeM, a oTe - Kyrre . POAHTeAH paHO YMepAH, H MaAb-
qHKa BOCrrHTaAH TOBapHII1;H OT a. OH HaqaA pa60TaTb CAY-
rOM, 6bIA pa3HOCqHKOM, rrpHKa3qHKOM, caM CTaA ToproBaTb H
HMeHHO KaK Kyrre rrorraA B POCCHIO, rAe rrOMeHHA peAHrHlO,
KpeCTHBIlIHCb B rrpaBOCAaBHOM epKBH.
Y. MypKpOcpT OTMeqaA, qTO MeXTH PacpaHAOBY 6bIAH
CBOMCTBeHHbI YM H XHTpOCTb, 6AarOAap51 KOTOpbIM OH CMor
BbIABHHyrbCH H 3aHHTb B KyrreqeCKOM cpeAe BHAHoe MeCTO.
OH 6bIA KOMrreTeHTeH, rro CAOBaM aHrAHMCKOrO ocpH epa, B
rrOAHTHKe, reorpacpHH, 3HaA MHorHe BOCTOqHbIe H3bIKH, qTO
TO>Ke crroc06CTBOBaAO ero ycrrexy. Y. MYPKpOCPT yrroMHHa-
eT KallIMHpCKHM H rreHNKa6cKHM H3bIKH. A caM M. PacpaH-
AOB rrHllIeT 06 3TOM B OAHOM H3 CBOHX 3arrHCOK cAeAyrolli;ee:
«H He K rrOXBaAe MoeM OCMeAHBalOCb AOHeCTH, qTO rrpH Ma-
AOM 60raTCTBe H3bIKa pOCCHMCKoro HMelO 51 OCHOBaTeAbHbIe
rr03HaHHH B 513bIKax TYPe KOM, rrepCHACKOM, HHAeMCKOM H
TaTapCKOM, C rrOMOII1;blO KOHX HClAelOCb H 06H3yroCb OKa3aTb
ycepAHbIe YCAyrH MOH POCCHH He6ecrrOAe3HbI».
MeXTH PacpaHAOB, «CKOAbKO 6bIA B CHAax, YAOBAeTBOpHA
Tpe60BaHHoe OT HerO», - rrHCaA f.H. fAa3eHarr. 3arrHCKa, CO-
CTaBAeHHa51 C ero CAOB, 06CTOHTeAbHa5I, COAep>KHT rroAP06-
Hoe orrHcaHHe rryrellIecTBHH, reorpacpHqeCKHe H 3THorpacpH-
qeCKHe AaHHbIe 0 HapoAax H CTpaHax, CBeAeHH5I 0 3aHHTHHX
HaceAeHHH, ToprOBAe, rOCYAapCTBeHHoMyrrpaBAeHHH, opra-
HH3a HH BOMCK, OTHOllIeHH5IX C coceAHHMH CTpaHaMH H T. II.
nOA06HbIe AOKYMeHTbI 0 «COBpeMeHHOM» COCT05lHHH HH-
TepecyroII1;HX CTpaH rrpaBHTeAbCTBO rroAyqaAO He TaK qaCTO.
Ha AaHHbIH MOMeHT rrpeACTaBAeHHaH M. PacpaHAOBbIM 3arrH-
CKa 6bIAa eAHHCTBeHHOM. ABTOp 3aCAY>KHBaA HarpClAbI.
27 HIO.l\5I 1811 rOAa PacpaHAOB 06paTHAcH K H.n. PYMHH-
eBY C rrpocb60M 06 HcxoAaTaMcTBoBaHHH y HMrrepaTopa
«MeAaAH Af\5I HOllIeHHH Ha llIee... 3a orrHcaHHe 06 OTKpbITOM
MHOIO 6AH>KaHllIeM rryrH K KHTaHcKHM rpaHH aM».
26 HOH6p51 1811 rOAa «BceMHAocTHBeMllie rrO>KaAOBaHa
Ka6YAbCKoMY>KHTeAlO MexTH PacpaHAoBY 30AOTaH MeAaAb C
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H.H. HerrOMH.HIll;Ii1M
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Ha llIee».
B MapTe 1812 rOAa Pacpal1AOB 06paTI1ACH K MI1HI1CTPY C
HOBOH npocb60H - I1cxoAaTaHcTBoBaTb M5I Hero KAaCCHbIH
QI1H, «B KoeM, - KaK OH nl1CaA, - MOry 51 C 60AbllIelO YA06-
HOCTI1IO 11 nOAb301O nOCBHTI1Tb ce6H AeHTeAbHeHllIl1M MepaM
B npeAnpl1HTI1HX, nocnellIeCTByIOLQI1X npel1Myrn;ecTBeHHbIM
BbIrOAaM HOBoro OTeqeCTBa Moero», a «He 113 6ecnOAe3Horo
TLQeCAaBI1H» .
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6eHHO BAaAl1 OT CTOAMIJ;. 11 Hanpl1Mep, BeCbMa y6eAI1TeAbHO
3ByqaT 3AeCb CAOBa TaKoro KpyrrHoro ql1HOBHI1Ka, KaK MI1-
HI1CTp BHyrpeHHI1X AeA o.n. K030AaBAeB, CKa3aHHbIe 11M OA-
Ha>I<AbI B AOKAClAe IJ;aplO HeCKOAbKO AeT cnYCTH (B 1819 rOAY
npl1 cAyqae, 0 KOTOpOM ynoMHHeM HI1)Ke): «AOKTOp CaAbBa-
TOpl1 He I1MeeT HI1KaKOrO ql1Ha, a no POCCI1I1 6e3 ql1Ha e3AI1Tb
HeB03MO)KHO, nOKa eLQe 60AbllII1HCTBO rOAOCOB OCTaeTCH Ha
CTopOHe He06pa30BaHHbIX 11 6e3rpaMOTHbIX...»
MexTI1 Pacpal1AOB He I1MeA, no ero CAOBaM, 6ecnOAe3Horo
TLQeCAaBI1H, HO, MO)KHO AorClAaTbCH, He 6bIA Bo06LQe AMllieH
3Toro qYBcTBa. nOTOMY qTO, 06paLQaHCb C npocb60H 0 ql1He,
Me>I<AY npOql1M, 3aMeqaeT, qTO 0 HeM B CBoe BpeMH Aa)Ke B
ra3eTe 6bIAO «TpoeKpaTHO ny6AMKoBaHO Ha pOCCI1HCKOM 11
HeMeIJ;KOM H3bIKax». ny6AMKaIJ;1111 TaKl1e AeHCTBI1TeAbHO
I1MelOTCH B ra3eTax «CaHKT-neTep6yprCKl1e BeAOMOCTI1» 11
«St. Petersburgische Zeitung». OTHOCHTCH OHI1 K cpeBpaAlO
1808 rOAa (TO eCTb KO BpeMeHI1, KorAa OH 11 APyrl1e KynIJ;bI,
MbI nOMHI1M, 6bIAI1 OTnpaBAeHbI MI1HI1CTpOM I1HOCTpaHHbIX
AeA C ToprOBOH MI1CCl1eH Ha BOCTOK) 11 nOMeLQeHbI B pa3AeAe
«OTbe3)KaIOLQl1e» (<<Abreisende») Ha nOCAeAHeH CTpaHI1IJ;e:
«CeMeH MClAaTOB, rpY311HCKI1H ABOpHHI1H, MeXTl1pa <DYA-
AO, eBpeH, 3axap Waprl1AOB, TI1<pAI1CCKI1H )KI1TeAb, 11 Erop
ApTeMOB, Tl1cpAI1CCKI1H )Ke )KI1TeAb, )KI1B. 6AM3b IJ;epKBI1 BAa-
AI1Ml1pCKOH EorOMaTepl1, B MOCKOBCKOH qaCTI1 B WI111IOBOM
AOMe», TO eCTb 3TO npOCToe, caMoe 06bIKHOBeHHoe 113BeLQe-
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Aa 11 060 Bcex C AeAOBbIMI1 IJ;eJ\.HMI1. Ho Aa)Ke TaKl1e COBceM
CKpoMHbIe CTpOKI1 B CTOAMqHOM «npecce», MO)KHO AorClAaTb-
CH, 6bIAM OqeHb npl1HTHbI 11 3anOMHI1AMCb HClAOArO 6bIBllIe-
MY «Ka6YAbCKOMY )KI1TeAIO», 6bIBllIeMY npOCTOMY AOTOq-
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-170-
PYCCKa.H J1HJJ:li1.H
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«l1oraHH-<DpI1APl1x KI1CeAb, CeAeAbHI1K, cppaHKcpypTCKI1H
ypO)KeHeu;, C )KeHOIO CBOelO AHHoH-MaprapI1TOIO» 11 «Ocl1n
TpeCKa, cppaHU;Y3CKI1H Kyneu;»...
A Mor AM OH B caMbIX HeBepoHTHbIX MeqTaX npeACTaBI1Tb
CBoe I1MH HaneqaTaHHbIM qepe3 200 AeT?
B 1812 rOAY MexTI1 Pacpal1AOB nOAaA Ha I1MH H.n. PYMHH-
u;eBa CBOH «npoeKT Ha OTKpbITl1e nyreH, BeAyIIJ;I1X 113 POC-
CI1I1 B I1HAI1IO». AOKYMeHT OqeHb I1HTepeCHbIH, 60AbllIOH no
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CBoero HeMaAOrO onbITa «nyrellIecTBeHHI1Ka» 11 HaKonAeH-
HbIX 3HaHI1H 0 BI1AaHHbIX 11M CTpaHax.
«npoeKT» COAep)KI1T, nOA06HO npOql1M 3anl1CKaM M,. Pa-
cpal1AOBa, CBeAeHI1H 0 HapOAax 11 CTpaHax, Ae)Karn;I1X Ha npo-
CTpaHCTBax Me>KAY POCCl1eH I1I1HAl1eH, I1X 3KOHOMI1Ke, TOp-
rOBAe, reorpacpl1l1 11 T. n. 11 XOTH OH 113AO)KI1A Bce, KaK caM
nl111IeT, «B caMOH KpaTOCTl1, HO He ynYCKaH 113 BI1AY rAaBHOH
u;eAM», 11 Bce, qTO OH Hanl1CaA, «OCHOBaHO Ha CTpO)KaMllieM
I1CTI1He 11 Ha cyrn;eCTBYIOrn;eM HbIHe nopHAKe Bern;eM BO Bcex
CKa3aHHbIX CTpaHaX», aBTOp I1HorAa HeCKOAbKO Hal1BeH I1AI1
nepeCKa3bIBaeT AereHAbI, KaK, Hanpl1Mep, npl1 yrroMI1HaHl111
Toro, qTO )KI1TeAI1 KOKaHAa XAe6 H OBOrn;11 He npOAalOT npo-
e3)KalOrn;I1M, a nOAHOCHT «Bce 113 Toro nOTpe6Hoe B nOAapOK,
pa3Be TOKMO OT 60raTbIX AIOAeH npl1Myr I1Hor Aa apllIl1Ha ABa
I1AI1 Tpl1 6YMa)KHOH 651311», I1AI1 qTO B EaAXe u;eHbI Ha npo-
AYKTbI TaKl1e HI13KI1e, qTO ceMb nYAoB nllIeHI1U;bI npoAalOTcH
AI111Ib 3a OAHY cepe6pHHyIO MOHery...
nOAyql1Tb ql1H M. Pacpal1AOB He ycneA. B ceHTH6pe
1813 rOAY OH 6bIA nOCAaH C KapaBaHoM TOBapoB Ha 160 TbIC.
Py6. B ropoAa CeBepHoro KI1TaH. feHepaA f.l1. fAa3eHan co-
06rn;aA B neTep6ypr, qTO nopyql1A Pa<paHAoBY AOCTaBI1Tb
nl1CbMO K «TI16eTcKoMY BAClAeTeAIO... npl1rAalliaH ero BCry-
nl1Tb C HaMI1 B ToproBbIe CHOllIeHI1H. CaMoMY )K Pa<paI1AoBY
nopyqI1A... AeAaTb nyreBbIe 3aMeqaHI1H CBOI1 HaCqeT YA06HO-
CTI1 TaKOBbIX CHOllIeHI1M 11 npOqeM».
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BbIX CHOllIeHI1M C KI1TaMCKI1MI1 ropoAaMI1... HaXO)KY 51 HY)K-
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OTrrpaBI1Tb TaMHO rrpl1 Ka-
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CKOAbKO pa3 3a rpaHI1u;eM,
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3HaMeHI1TblM yqeHblM 11
rryrernecTBeHHI1K 4.4. Ba-
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aAbl, CBH3aHHble C rroe3AKaMI1 CBOHX rrpeArneCTBeHHI1KOB B
Te KpaH. B apxHBax OMcKa OH 3aKoHCrreKTI1pOBaA AOKYMeH-
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Ba B 1813 rOAY.
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MeH HM60Boe cepe6po (HM6a I1MeAa CPOPMY «rrOAKOBbl C
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06MeHHA CBOM TOBap He Ha cepe6po, a Ha MeCTHble TOBa-
pbl (KOTopble HaMepeBaACH Y>Ke rrpOAaTb Ha HI1>KerOpOA-
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BTOpOM AeHb no npl1e3Ae OH BCTpeTI1ACH C xaHOM Ar6ap-
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«B 6bITHOCTb MOIO B BbIllIenoMHHyrbIX ropOAax, - nl1-
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11 ern;e OAHa Ba)KHaH I1H opMaU;I1H, C006rn;aeMaH M. Pa al1-
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HHACKOM KOMnaHHeM, - qT06bI He AOAO>KHTb... qTO BA(lAe-
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-173-
H. H. HerrOMH.H:rn:li1M
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KorAa peIlII1AI1 OTnpaBI1Tb CBoero nOCAaHHI1Ka C nl1CbMOM B
neH a6.
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AOBY 6bIA nO)KaAOBaH HOBbH1 ql1H - H(lABOpHOro COBeTHI1Ka.
11 oceHblO 3Toro rOAa HaqaAa rOTOBI1TbCH HOBaH ero noe3AKa
B CeBepHyro I1HAI1IO. Ha 3TOT pa3 npaBI1TeAbCTBo nopyql1Ao
eMY Ba)KHYIO MI1CCI1IO - AOCTaBI1Tb nl1CbMO K.B. HecceAb-
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TaKoBo )Ke cOAep)KaHl1e nI1CbMa... K npaBHTeAIO KaIlIeMl1p-
CKOMY H K He3aBHCI1MoMY BA(lAeAbU;Y OAHOM qaCTI1 TI16eTa
PaH eT AKH6ery, C HeKoTOpbIMI1 nepeMeHaMH TOAbKO B
Tl1ry Aax» .
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BOpl1AOCb B nl1CbMe pOCCI1HCKOrO MI1HI1CTpa, - qTO HbIHe
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HI1X BpeMeH BaM 113BecTHbIM 11 BepHoycepAcTBYIO I1M Ara
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BaMI1 qpe3 BepHbIX 11 ycepAHbIX ql1HOBHI1KOB, Aa6bI nOMaH-
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-174-
PYCCKa.H J1H.D:li1.H
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HI1KaMH - 6yxapu;aMI1 M.3. 3apl1rrOBbIM 11 Myca-XaHOM -
OH BbIeXaA 113 neTep6ypra B CeMl1rraAaTI1HCK.
npOe3)Ka.H qepe3 OMCK, CAeAaA TaM OCTaHOBKY, BCTpe-
TI1AC.H KaK rrpaBI1TeAbCTBeHHbIH Kypbep C MeCTHbIM Haq(lAb-
CTBOM.
B neTep6ypre M. Pacpal1AOBY 6bIAO rropyqeHo 11 ern;e ABa
3(lAaHI1.H: Kyrrl1Tb llIeCTb A yqllIl1X TYPKMeHCKI1X )Kepe6U;OB
M5I rOCYAapCTBeHHbIX KOHHbIX 3aBOAOB (Ha 3TO 6bIAO accl1r-
HOBaHO rro 1,5 TbIC. py6. 3a Ka>KAOrO KOH.H), a TaK>Ke Kyrrl1Tb
B TI16eTe 11 AOCTaBI1Tb B POCCI1IO HeCKOAbKO KallIMl1pCKI1X
K03 M5I pa3BeAeHI1.H I1X rropoAbI B AaAbHeHllIeM rAe-HI16YAb
B C11611pl1.
M. Pacpal1AOB rrpeAAaraA 3aKyrraTb e>KerOAHO B TI16eTe
K0311M rryx 11 YCTpOI1Tb B OeTep6ypre Ka3eHHyro cpa6pl1KY
M5I BbIAeAKI1 KallIMl1pCKI1X llIaAeM. OH AMqHO 6paAc.H HaH-
TI1 B TI16eTe 11 B rrorryrHbIx ropoAax ToproBbIx areHTOB, 3a-
Kyrrl1Tb B TI16eTe Ha rrepBbIH pa3 He MeHee 50 rrYAoB rryxa 11
y6eAI1Tb KallIMHpcKoro BA(lAeTeJ\.H OTMeHI1Tb 3arrpeT Ha BbI-
B03 rryxa I1llIepCTI1113 TI16eTa B APyrl1e cTpaHbI, KpoMe KallI-
Ml1pa. B 3TOM M. Pacpal1AOB H(lAeHACH Ha 6AM3Koe 3HaKOM-
CTBO C KallIMl1pCKI1M rrpaBI1TeAeM 11 Ha APY)K6y C ero B11311-
peM. BMecTe C TeM OH o6ern;aA HaHHTb 11 rrpl1Be3TI1 C C060H B
OeTep6ypr rrHTepbIx MeCTHbIX MacTepoB rro BbIAeAKe 11 TKa-
HI1IO llIepCTI1, 3aKyrrl1Tb Bce Heo6xOAI1MbIe M5I 3Toro AeAa
CTaHKI1 11 Aa)Ke caMoMY 03HaKOMI1TbCH C TeXHI1KOM TKaqe-
CTBa llIaAeM. B 6YAyrn;eM OH rrpeAAaraA YCTpOI1Tb cpa6pl1KY,
Ha KOTOpOH, KpoMe KallIMl1pCKHX llIaAeM, MOrAI1 6bI rrp0l13-
BOAI1TbCH 113AeAI1H 113 rryxa APyrl1x rropOA K03.
3TOT rrAaH M. Pacpal1AOBa 6bIA OA06peH MI1HI1CTpOM CPI1-
HaHCOB 11 rrpl1 ABope. EMY 6bIAO 06ern;aHO 3a Ka>KAbIM rrYA
rrpHBe3eHHoro rryxa rro 100 rOAAaHACKI1X qepBOHu;eB 11 3a
Ka>KAoro HaHHToro TKaqa rro TbICHqe. OpeArrpl1HTl1e 3TO, rro
CAOBaM A.A. rypbeBa, «06ern;aAo POCCHH Hel1Cql1CAHMbIe BbI-
rOAbI» .
30 arrpeJ\.H 1820 rOAa M. Pacpal1AOB BbIeXaA 113 CeMHrra-
AaTI1HCKa co CBOI1M KapaBaHOM. Ero BeA orrbITHbIM KapaBaH-
6allIH TallIKeHTeu; MYAAa-MaHCYP MaMaceHTOB, a AO 6AM-
)KaMllIerO rrOrpaHHqHOrO rrOCTa E(lAeAbAOBaH KapaBaH
COrrpOBO>KAaA OTpHA 113 CTa Ka3aKOB rroA KOMaHAoM xo-
pYH)KerO MOKI1Ha. Ha rryrl1 OHI1 rroABeprAI1Cb Harr(lAeHHIO
KOqeBHHKOB-KHprI130B, OTOrHaBllIl1X 500 AOllI(lAeM, rrpHH(lA-
-175-
H. H. HerrOMH.H:rn:li1M
=
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Ae>KaBIlII1X KapaBaHY 11 OTPHAY. Ka3aKI1 CYMeAI1 OT611Tb 11
B03BpaTI1Tb 436 113 HI1X. MbI He 3HaeM rrOAPo6HOCTeM 3TOM
CTbIqKH: rrOAo6Hoe HI1KeM He orrHCbIBaAOCb 11 6bIAO BrrOAHe
06bIKHOBeHHbIM, HeAOCTOHHbIM oc06oro BHI1MaHI1H AeAOM.
Ho qaCTO B pe3YAbTaTe OKa3bIBaAI1Cb y611TbIe 11 paHeHbIe.
nyrHI1KOB rrOA>KI1AaAH H APyrl1e TH)KeAbIe I1crrbITaHI1H -
HerroroAa, 60Ae3HI1. 11 caMa CMepTb Ha KapaBaHHOM Aopore
6bIAa qaCTbIM BCTpeqHbIM, 11 ee rrOHBAeHl1e 6bIAO, KOHeqHO,
CTpaIlIHO, HO HeYAI1BI1TeAbHO. MbI rOBOpl1M 06 3TOM rroToMY,
qTO AaHHoe rryrellIeCTBl1e 11 M5I M. Pa aI1AOBa TO>Ke OKa3a-
AOCb rrOCAeAHHM...
Ho rrOKa OH 11 ero crryrHI1KI1 - rrpl1Ka3ql1KI1 Myca-XaH
11 MyxaMeA 3yryp 3apl1rrOB (MaM3yp) - 60Aee I1AH MeHee
6AarorroAyqHo rrpl16bIAM B ropoA Typ aH B BOCTOqHOM Typ-
KeCTaHe, rAe, rrpo6bIB 20 AHeH, rrpl1exaAl1 3aTeM qepe3 AKcy
(rAe C qaCTblO TOBapoB OCTaACH Myca-XaH) B 5IpKeHA. 3Aecb
M. Pa aI1AOB B TeqeHl1e ABYX C rrOAOBI1HOH MeCHu;eB BeA
ycrrelliHyro ToproBAIO, a rrOTOM C OCTaBllIl1MCH TOBapoM Ha
18 BepXOBbIX 11 BblOqHbIX AOIlIClMIX ABI1HYACH B TI16eT.
ABClAu;aTb AHeH rryrellIeCTBl1e rrpOTeKaAO HOpMaAbHO. Ho
3a llIeCTb AHeM AO u;eAM M. Pa aI1AOB HeO)KI1AaHHO 3a60-
AeA. EOAe3Hb MI1AaCb Tpl1 AHH, 11 OT «orryxoAM Bcero TeAa»
OH YMep. Ero rrOXOpOHI1AH 3Aecb )Ke, Y Aoporl1, KOTOpOIO OH
CTOAbKO pa3 KorAa-To e3AI1A co CBOI1MI1 TIOKaMI1. Y. Myp-
KpO T c006rn;aeT C qY>KI1X CAOB, qTO Bce 3TO CAyql1AOCb B Me-
CTeQKe, Ha3bIBaeMOM Kapa-KoPYM.
I1Myrn;ecTBo H TOBapbI M. Pa aI1AOBa He 6bIAM pa3rpa-
6AeHbI, Bce OHI1 rrocryrrl1AI1 B paCrrOpH)KeHl1e ero crryrHHKa
MyxaMeAa 3yrypa 3apl1rrOBa. OH 11 «ToBapl1rn;11 ero, ABa Ta-
Tapl1Ha H 6yxapeu;, AOCTl1rAM TI16eTa», rAe C TOBapOB 6bIAa
B3HTa rrOIlIAI1Ha, a «rro 06"bHBAeHI1I1I1MI1 0 CMepTI1 Pa aI1AO-
Ba HaqaAbCTBO OT06paAO OT HI1X ero (AI1QHoe) HMyru;eCTBO» B
Ka3HY «rro 06bIQalO». CpeAH rrpOQero B 3TOM «I1Myru;eCTBe»
HaxOAI1AMCb 11 rrl1CbMa pOCCHMCKoro MI1HI1CTepCTBa I1HO-
CTpaHHbIx AeA.
MyxaMeA 3yryp OTrrpaBI1ACH 3aTeM B KallIMl1p, rAe BeA
ycrrelliHYIO ToprOBAIO B TeqeHl1e AeCHTI1 MeCHu;eB 11 pa3Me-
HHA Bce TOBapbI M. Pa aI1AOBa Ha llIaAl1. A 0 B03Bparn;eHHH
ero Bern;eH H3 TI16eTa XAOrrOTaA HaxOAI1BllIl1HCH B 5IpKeHAe
KOKaHACKI1M rrOCAaHHHK, KOTOpbIM 3HaA, rro CAOBaM "4.4. Ba-
AI1XaHOBa, «CBH3b KOKaHAa C POCCl1eM 11 Tpe60BaA OT TI16eT-
-176-
PYCCKa.H J1H.D:li1.H
=
=
CKoro BA(lAeTeMl BbIAaqH HMyrn;ecTBa Pa aI1AOBa»r qT06bI
«He3aMeAJ\.I1TeAbHO npeACTaBI1Tb» ero CBoeMY xaHY, a Y)Ke
TOT nepeAaA 6bI ero B POCCI1IO.
BCKope )Ke nOCAe CMepTI1 M. Pa aI1AOBa nl1CbMO 113 ero
«I1Myrn;ecTBa» K P.aHA)KI1T-CI1Hrxy OKa3aAOCb BAPyr y aHrAM-
qaHI1Ha Y. MypKpO Ta. no ero CAOBaM, OH «He HcnbITbIBaA
60AbllII1X yrpbI3eHI1H COBeCTI1», qTO ql1TaA 3TO nI1CbMO, 1160
o HeM Hero COAep)KaHI1H 3HaAH Bo06rn;e «OqeHb MHOrl1e».
C caMoro HaqaAa nyrellIeCTBI1H M. Pa aI1AOBa MypKpO T
CAeAI1A 3a HI1M: HaBOAI1A CnpaBKI1, nOCbIAaA CBOI1X areHTOB,
KOTopbIe I1HTepeCOBaAl1Cb Al1qHOCTblO pOCCI1MCKOrO Kynu;a
Hero He npOCTO KyneqeCKOM MI1CCl1eM.
11 TaKoe BHI1MaHl1e I1MeHHO aHrAHqaH K 3TOMY, H TO, qTO
I1MeHHO aHrAl1qaHI1HY B I1Tore AOCTaAOCb B PYKI1 nI1CbMO,
KOTopoe Be3 pOCCI1MCKI1H nOCAaHHI1K, 6bIAO HecAyqaMHo 11
Aa)Ke eCTeCTBeHHO.
AHrAl1qaHI1H C006rn;aeT AaAee, qTO HaMepeBaACH BCTpe-
TI1TbCH C M. Pa aI1AOBbIM 11 KOe-qTO Y3HaTb y Hero AMqHO
11 BOAHOBaACH npl1 3TOM, TaK KaK 3HaA, qTO TOT He np6CTO
Kyrreu;, HO «3aHI1MaeTCH nOAMTHKOH». 11 AMllib 113-3a BHe3an-
HOH CMepTI1 Pa aI1AOBa 3Ta BCTpeqa He COCTOHAaCb.
MO)KHO AOr(lAaTbCH, qTO o l1u;ep OCT-I1HACKOM KOMna-
HI1I1 He OqeHb )KaAeA 06 3TOM: Bo-nepBbIx, nAaHbI PYCCKI1X,
TO eCTb npOTI1BHI1KOB AHrAMI1, B OTHOllIeHl111 YCTaHOBAeHI1H
KOHTaKTOB C CeBepOI1HAI1MCKI1M rOCYAapCTBOM pyrnaTcH;
BO-BTOpbIX, MO)KHO nonbITaTbCH 3aBA(lAeTb 11 CaMI1MI1 nl1Cb-
MaMI1, KaKl1e pOCCI1HCKI1M nOCAaHeu; Be3 (qTO 11 YAaAOCb).
npaBI1TeAbCTBO POCCI1I1, B CBOIO OqepeAb, 3HaAO 0 «npol1c-
Kax» aHrAHqaH B 3TOM paHOHe. Bo MHOrl1X AOKYMeHTax pOC-
CHHCKoro MI1Aa, Hanpl1Mep, Y. MYPKPO T 11 ero KOAAera
A. Tpe6eK Ha3bIBalOTCH « I1CKaAaMI1», TO eCTb llInl10HaMI1, a
TaK>Ke C006rn;aeTCH, qTO OHH nOAKyrraMI1 A0611BaAI1Cb pacno-
AO>KeHI1H HaqaAbHI1KOB B KallIMl1pe 11 B TH6eTe 11 T. n.
POCCHHCKoe npaBI1TeAbCTBO 3HaAO 06 3TOM I1I1HorAa nbI-
TaAOCb npeAnpHHHMaTb KaKl1e-A1160 OTBeTHbIe MepbI.
B KOHu;e 1820-x rOAOB OqeBHAHOM CTaAa 6ecnepCneKTI1B-
HOCTb pa3BI1TI1H HenocpeAcTBeHHo PYCCKO-I1HAI1MCKOM cy-
xonyrHoM ToproBAH. WapcKoe npaBI1TeAbCTBo 11 ToproBo-
npoMbIllIAeHHbIe Kpyrl1 Bce 60AbllIee BHI1MaHHe YAeMlAH
CpeAHeM A3HI1 KaK PbIHKY c6bITa 11 nOTeHU;l1aAbHoMY I1CTOq-
HI1KY CbIpbH M5I TeKCTI1AbHOM npoMbIllIAeHHocTH. AaAbHeM-
-177-
H.H. HerrOMH.HII{li1M
=
=
IlIHe Teppl1TOpl1aAbHbIe 3aXBaTbI, npOAOA)KalOrn;aHCH 3KO-
HOMl1qeCKaH KOAOHI13aU;I1H I1HAI1I1 AHrAl1eH, aKTHBI13aU;HH
ee 60pb6bI 3a OBAClAeHl1e 11 CpeAHea311aTCKI1M pbIHKOM nOA-
TaAKI1BaAl1 pOCCI1MCKOe npaBI1TeAbCTBO K 60Aee pellIl1TeAb-
HbIM AeHCTBI1HM B CpeAHeH A31111. XOTH PYCCKO-I1HAI1MCKaH
TOprOBMI nOAHOCTblO He npeKpaTI1AaCb, HO Bce 60Aee npl1-
06peTaAa cAyqaMHbIH xapaKTep, a ee MaCllITa6bI 6bIAM BeCb-
Ma CKpOMHbI.
CBeAeHI1H, AOCTaBAeHHbIe MeXTI1 Pa aI1AOBbIM, KaK MbI
Y>Ke OTMeqaAI1, npeACTaBMlAI1 M5I npaBI1TeAbCTBa POCCI1I1
60AbllIOH I1HTepec 11 Ba)KHOCTb: 3TO 6bIAI1 OAHI1 H3 OqeHb He-
MHOrOql1CAeHHbIX «COBpeMeHHbIX», HOBeHllIl1X AOKYMeH-
TOB, nOCBHrn;eHHbIX COCeAHI1M 11 6AM)KaHIlII1M BOCTOQHbIM
CTpaHaM.
KOHeqHO, CeHqaC, ABa BeKa cnYCTH, C BbICOT COBpeMeH-
HOH HayKl1 AerKO OTbICKaTb B COql1HeHI1HX M. Pa aI1AOBa He-
KOTopbIe 01lI116KI1 11 HeTOqHOCTl1, KaK, Hanpl1Mep, B Tex I1AI1
I1HbIX reorpa l1qeCKI1X 11 3THOrpa l1qeCKI1X OnI1CaHI1HX.
CaM OH He 6bIBaA, eCTeCTBeHHO, Be3Ae 11 He Mor BcerAa C TOq-
HOCTblO 3HaTb TOT HAM I1HOH MapllIpyr, MeCTHOCTb, HaceAeH-
HbIH nYHKT, HO nOAb30BaACH I1HorAa CAyxaMl1, KaKHe cyrn;e-
CTBOBaAl1 B ero cpeAe, qY)KI1MI1 CBeAeHI1HMl1, oTclOAa I1HorAa
11 ero BeCbMa npl16AM311TeAbHbIe Ou;eHKI1. ABTOp I1X He 6bIA
yqeHbIM, He 6bIA «nyrellIecTBeHHI1KOM-npO eCCI10HaAOM».
OH 6bIA ToprOBbIM qeAOBeKOM, onbITHbIM, 3HalOrn;I1M, HO
npe>KAe Bcero KynU;OM.
(no MQmepUQAQM B. BOAOBHUKOBQ.)
P ACPAJ1JI AHJ1EEr AIlIBJ1JIJ1 -
BA UATbBOCEMbJIET
B CTP AHCTBJ15IX
=
-
=
nOqTI1 ABeCTI1 AeT OTAeJ\.HIOT HaC OT BpeMeHI1, B KOTO-
poe >KI1A 3aMeqaTeAbHbIH rPY311HCKI1H rryrernecTBeHHI1K H
Al1rrAOMaT Pa al1A AaHI16erarnBI1AM (AaHI16erOB) (rryrerne-
CTBOBaA C 1795 rro 1827 r.), 11 Bce >Ke, HecMoTpH Ha CTOAb
CpaBHI1TeAbHO HeAOArl1M CpOK, MHoroe B ero 6l1orpa 1111 rro-
rrpe>KHeMY OCTaeTCH oKyraHHbIM ryMaHoM, KOTOpbIH rrOAHO-
CTblO, 6bITb MO>KeT, 11 He pacceeTCH HI1KOrAa. MbI He 3HaeM
AaT pO>KAeHI1H 11 CMepTI1 rryrernecTBeHHI1Ka, ero C MeHHoro
rrOAO>KeHI1H, He 3HaeM, KaKOBa 6bIAa ero BHernHOCTb, 11 Al1rnb
rrpeArrOAaraeM 06 I1CTI1HHOM u;eAI1 ero rryrerneCTBI1M... '
OCHOBHbIM I1CTOqHI1KOM CBeAeHI1H 0 >K113HI1 AaHI16e,-
rarnBI1AI1 HBJ\.HeTCH KHl1ra Ha PYCCKOM H3bIKe, orry6AI1KO-
BaHHaH B 1815 rOAY 11 cOAep>Karn;aH rryreBble 3arrl1CKI1 rry-
TerneCTBeHHI1Ka.
PaccKa3 caMoro AaHI16erarnBHAI1 AorrOAHHIOT 11 yrOqHH-
IOT Tpl1 rpY311HCKI1X rrl1CbMeHHbIX rraMHTHI1Ka, a HMeHHO:
AapCTBeHHaH rpaMOTa rrocAeAHero u;apH BOCTOqHOM fpy-
31111 feOprl1H XIII, rrO>KaAOBaHHaH P. AaHH6erarnBI1AH rrepeA
TpeTbl1M ero rryrernecTBHeM, paCrrl1CKa P. AaHI16erarnBHAI1
B rroAyqeHHH I1HAI1MCKHX MOHeT OT apMHHcKoro CBHrn;eH-
HI1Ka, rrpOrneHl1e 6paTa Pa al1Aa - 110cl1 a AaHl16erarn-
BI1AI1 Ha I1MH PYCCKI1X BAacTeH fpY3HH 0 Ha3HaqeHI111 eMY
rreHCI1H, AaTl1pOBaHHoe 1808 rOAOM, a TaK>Ke xpaHHrn;HHCH
B OMCKOM 06AaCTHOM apxHBe OTqeT 0 qeTBepTOM rryrerne-
CTBI1I1I1 COCTaBAeHHaH Ha PYCCKOM H3bIKe 3arrl1Cb HaqaAbHI1-
Ka OpeH6yprcKoM rrOrpaHl1qHOH KOMI1CCHI1 f.<D. feHca 0 rrH-
TOM rryrerneCTBl111 P. AaH116erarnBHAI1. Koe-KaKl1e cBeAeHHH
o rryrernecTBeHHHKe 11 ero 6AH3KHX MO>KHO rrOqeprrHyrb 113
APyrHx I1CTOqHI1KOB, Harrpl1Mep 113 >KypHaAa rreperrl1cl1 Ha-
CeAeHI1H ropOAa TH AMca (T6I1AHCH), rrp0l13BeAeHHOM PYC-
CKHMI1 B 1803 rOAY, 113 AOKYMeHTOB, COXpaHI1BrnHXCH Y rro-
TOMKOB pOAa AaHH6erOBbIX.
-179-
H.H. HerrOMH.HIUJt1M
=
=
Ern;e B XIX H HaqaAe XX BeKa AHqHOCTb P. AaHH6erallI-
BHAH Hero cBoe06pa3HaH KHHra rrpHBAeKAH K ce6e BHHMa-
HHe HeKOTopbIX HCCAeAOBaTeAeH. B 1825 rOAY B «A3HaTcKoM
BeCTHHKe» 6bIAa HarreqaTaHa CTaTbH A.P. (A.<D. PHxTepa), B
KOTOpOH yrroMHHaACH TPYA P. AaHH6erallIBHAH. 3HaToK rpy-
3HHCKOH KYAbrypbI, cppaHU;Y3cKHH yqeHbIH-OpHeHTaAHCT
MapH-<DeAHcHTe Epocce, pa60TaBllIHH B POCCHH H HBMIB-
llIHHCH qAeHOM neTep6yprcKoH aKClAeMHH HaYK, COCTaBMIH
B 1837 rOAY KaTaAOr AHqHOH 6H6AHoTeKH rpY3HHcKoro u;a-
peBHqa TeHMypa3a, BHec B Hero KHHry P. AaHH6erallIBHAH.
H3BeCTHbIH rPY3HHCKHH cpHAOAor A.C. XaxaHallIBHAH
(HOCHBllIHH B POCCHH cpaMHAHIO XaxaHoBa) KOCHYACH AeH-
TeAbHOCTH P. AaHH6erallIBHAH B ABYX CBOHX rry6AHKaU;HHx:
B 1891 rOAY - B CTaTbe, rroMern;eHHoH B T6HAHCCKOH ra3e-
Te «HoBoe 0603peHHe», H B 1901 rOAY - B MOHorpacpHH 0
rPY3HHcKOH AHTeparype, OAHa H3 rAaB KOTOpOH 6bIAa crre-
U;HaAbHO rrOCBHrn;eHa AaHH6erallIBHAH. XaxaHallIBHAH OTMe-
qaeT MacTepcTBo rryrellIecTBeHHHKa, C KaKHM OH orrHCbIBaeT
AaAbHHe cTpaHbI, C)KaTOCTb H3AO)KeHHH H MeTKOCTb H3bIKa H
HaxoAHT, qTO 3arrHCH P. AaHH6erallIBHAH BO MHorOM Harro-
MHHalOT «XOJKAeHHe 3a TPH MOpH» AcpaHacHH HHKHTHHa.
ApMHHcKHH HCCAeAOBaTeAb A. EpHU;OB B TOH )Ke ra3eTe
«HoBoe 0603peHHe» BKpaTu;e KOCHYACH rryrellIecTBHH Aa-
HH6erallIBHAH H BbICKa3aA HeKoTopbIe co06pa)KeHHH 0 ero
rrpHqHHax. Bce 3aMeqaHHH EpHu;oBa OTHOCHTCH rAaBHbIM 06-
pa30M K rrepBoMY rryrellIecTBHIO P. AaHH6erallIBHAH.
3HaMeHHTbIH PYCCKHH HCCAeAOBaTeAb f.E. fPYMM-
fp)KHMaHAO (1860-1936) rrOMeCTHA B 3HU;HKAOrreAHqeCKOM
cAoBape EpoKraY3a H EcppoHa B 1893 rOAY KpaTKyID xapaK-
TepHcTHKY MapllIpyra «3aMeqaTeAbHoro rpY3HHcKoro rryre-
llIeCTBeHHHKa AaHH6eroBa». 3TOT cpaKT HBMIeTCH aBTopH-
TeTHbIM rrpH3HaHHeM 3acAyr AaHH6erallIBHAH co CTOpOHbI
HayqHoH 06rn;ecTBeHHocTH POCCHH.
fPY3HHCKHH H3AaTeAb H rrHcaTeAb 3axapHH YHQHHClA3e
yrroMHHaeT 0 P. AaHH6erallIBHAH Hero rryrellIecTBHHx B CBO-
eM TpYAe, rrOCBHrn;eHHOM rPY3HHCKO-HHAHHCKHM OTHOllIe-
HHHM (1900).
Bce Ha3BaHHbIe BbIllIe pa60TbI AopeBoAIOU;HoHHoro rre-
pHoAa (AO 1917 rOAa) CbIrpaAH orrpeAeAeHHyID, XOTH H AO-
BOAbHO cAa6yro pOAb B AeAe rrorrYMIpH3aU;HH AHTeparypHo-
ro HaCAeAHH PacpaHAa AaHH6erallIBHAH. B TO BpeMH MaAO
-180-
PYCCKaH I1HJJ:Jt1.H
=
=
KTO HMeA npeAcTaBAeHHe 06 HHTepecHoH KHHre P. AaHH-
6eraIlIBHAH. MHorHe 06CTOHTeAhCTBa 6HorpacpHH nyrellIe-
CTBeHHHKa OCTaBaAHCb HeBbIHCHeHHbIMH. B COBeTCKoe Bpe-
MH HHTepec K rpY3HHcKOMY nyrellIecTBeHHHKY np06YAHA-
CH BHOBb. B 1925 rOAY nyrellIecTBHe P. AaHH6erallIBHAH
6bIAO OTMeqeHO B TpYAe H3BeCTHoro PyccKoro BOCTOKOBeAa
B.B. EapTOAhAa. B 1949 rOAY rPY3HHcKHH HCTOpHK Ill. Mec-
XHa o6HapY)KHA B apxHBe M. Epocce (J\.eHHHrpClA) H ony6AH-
KOBaA BeCbMa HHTepecHbIH AOKYMeHT - rpaMory, nO)KaAO-
BaHHyID u;apeM reoprHeM XIII PacpaHAY AaHH6erallIBHAH B
1799 rOAY, nepeA oTnpaBAeHHeM ero B TpeTbe nyrellIecTBHe.
3TO OTKpbITHe npoAHAo CBeT Ha MHorHe BonpocbI 6Horpa-
CPHH nyrellIecTBeHHHKa H n03BOAHAO YCTaHoBHTb, B qaCT-
HOCTH, cpaKT nOBTopHoro nocern;eHHH HM HHAHH Ha Py6e)Ke
ABYX cToAeTHH. B 1950 rOAY B T6HAMCH BbIIliAO BTopoe, Ha
3TOT pa3 rpY3HHcKoe H3AaHHe «nyrellIecTBHH» nOA peAaK-
U;HeH BHAHoro rpY3HHcKoro yqeHoro COAoMoHa HOPAaHHIlI-
BHAH. YqeHbIH cHa6AHA BblnoAHeHHbIH HM caMHM -.nepeBoA
«nyrellIecTBHH» KOMMeHTapHHMH H ApeBHerpY3HHcKHMH
HCTOpHqeCKHMH AOKYMeHTaMH. 3acAyrH C. HOPAaHHIlIBHAH
B AeAe BbIHCHeHHH cBH3eH HapoAoB rpY3HH H HHAHH B npo-
IlIAOM H c03AaHHH cpYHAaMeHTa M5I yrAy6AeHHoro H3yqeHHH
AeHTeAhHOCTH P. AaHH6erallIBHAH BeCbMa 3HaqHTeAhHbI.
B 1967 rOAY ony6AHKoBaHa CTaTbH P. P.Op6eAH «K AHTe-
parypHoH HCTOpHH UnyrellIecTBHH B HHAHIO" PacpaHAa Aa-
HH6eroBa» .
B CBoe BpeMH CTaAO H3BeCTHO, qTO B 1815-1820 rOAax
P. AaHH6erallIBHAH cOBepllIHA ern;e OAHO (TpeTbe no nopHA-
KY BbIHBAeHHH H qeTBepToe no BpeMeHH ocyrn;ecTBAeHHH)
nyrellIecTBHe B HHAHIO. HMelOrn;HHCH OTqeT 06 3TOM nyre-
llIeCTBHH cKpenAeH co6cTBeHHopyqHoH nOAnHCblO P. Aa-
HH6eraIlIBHAH. KpoMe Toro, B CBeTe HOBbIX AOKYMeHToB Ha
KapTe MapllIpyroB nyrellIecTBHH P. AaHH6erallIBHAH HaHe-
ceHbI MapllIpyrbI, OTHOCHrn;HeCH He KO BTOPOMY H TpeTbeMY
nyrellIecTBHHM, KaK 3HaqHTCH B AereHAe, a COOTBeTCTBeHHO
K TpeTbeMY H nHTOMY.
B 1964 rOAY cOBeTcKHH yqeHbIH-HHAoAor E.5I. J\.lOcTepHHK
B OpeH6yprcKoM apxHBe OTKpbIAaAoKyMeHT, npOJlliBIlIHH HO-
BbIH CBeT Ha AeHTeAbHOCTb P. AaHH6erallIBHJlli KaK nyrellIe-
CTBeHHHKa. BbIHCHHACH AO Toro HHKOMY He H3BeCTHbIH cpaKT
nHTOH noe3AKH AaHH6erallIBHAH B HHAHIO H APyrHe CTpaHbI
-181-
H.H. HerrOMH.HIUJ1M
=
=
A3HH, COBepllIeHHOM npHTOM no HOBOMY MapllIpyry, KOTOpbIM
nepeceK TeppHTopHH rOCYAapCTB, paHee HM He nocem;eHHbIX.
MO)KHO npeAnOAaraTb, qTO HaHAeHHbIM AOKYMeHT OTHIOAb He
caMoe nocAeAHee OTKpbITHe, KacalOm;eeCH AHqHOCTH PacpaH-
Aa AaHH6erallIBHAM. He HCKJUOqeHO, qTO B apxHBax POCCHH
H 3apy6e)KHbIX cTpaH co BpeMeHeM 6YAyr 06HaPY)KeHbI HO-
BbIe, nOKa em;e HeH3BeCTHbIe MaTepHaAbI, KacalOm;HeCH 6HO-
rpacpHH 3aMeqaTeAhHOrO nyrellIecTBeHHHKa.
Ope>KAe qeM npHcrynHTb K onHcaHHIO )KH3HH AaHH6e-
rallIBHAH H M5I Toro, qT06bI npaBHAbHO ou;eHHTb npHqHHbI H
3HaqeHHe ero nyrellIecTBHH, He06xOAHMO XOTH 6bI BKpaTu;e
06pHCOBaTb HCTOpHIO B3aHMOOTHOllIeHHM rpY3HH H POCCHH
C HHAHeH H HeKOTopbIMH APyrHMH CTpaHaMH A3HH, a TaK)Ke
nOAHTHqeCKyro 06CTaHOBKY, CAO)KHBllIyroCH Ha IO)KHbIX rpa-
HHu;ax POCCHHCKOH HMnepHH K KOHU;Y XVIII - nepBoH qeT-
BepTH XIX BeKa.
CBH3H rpY3HH C HHAHeH BOCXOAHT K rAy60KoM ApeBHo-
CTH. Em;e 3ClAoAro AO HaqaAa HOBOM 3pbI Me>KAY 3THMH cTpa-
HaMH cyrn;ecTBOBaAH TeCHbIe 3KOHOMHqeCKHe B3aHMOOT-
HOllIeHHH. l.Jepe3 3aKaBKa3be, H B qaCTHOCTH qepe3 ropoAa
Mu;xeTa, <Da3Hc (HbIHe OOTH) H APyrHe, npOXOAHA BeAH-
KHM ToprOBbIM nyrb, CBH3bIBalOm;HH HHAHIO co cpeAH3eM-
HOMOpCKHMH CTpaHaMH. HHAHMCKHe TOBapbI nepeB03HAHCb
no AMYAapbe B KacnHHCKoe Mope (KYAa B TO BpeMH BnClAaAa
AMYAapbH), 3aTeM HX Be3AM BBepx no Kype, nepenpaBMIAH
qepe3 CypaMCKHM nepeBaA H no peKe PHOHH AOCTaBMIAH B
<Da3HC. CBeAeHHH 0 TOM, qTO nyrb 3TOT 6bIA BeCbMa O)KHB-
AeHHbIM, HMelOTCH Y)Ke Y rpeqeCKHX aBTopOB, )KHBllIHX Ha
Py6e)Ke IV HIlI BeKOB AO H. 3.
B CpeAHHe BeKa YKa3aHHbIH ToprOBbIH nyrb Y)Ke He
cpYHKU;HOHHpOBaA, HO CBH3H rpY3HH C HHAHeH He npepbI-
BaAHCb. HanHcaHHaH B 3noxy paCU;BeTa cpeOAaAbHOH rpy-
3HH n03Ma IlloTa PYCTaBeAH «BHTH3b B THrpOBOH llIKype»,
B KOTOpOH rAaBHbIMH repOHMH BbIcrynalOT u;apeBHa H aMHp-
6ap (rAaBHOKOMaHAyrom;HH BOHCKaMH H cpAOTOM) MYCYAbMa-
HH3HpOBaHHOM HHAHH, CBHAeTeAbcTByeT 0 HaAHqHH B rpy-
3HH Toro BpeMeHH HeKOTopbIX npeAcTaBAeHHH 06 HHAHH H
oKpY)KalOm;HX ee 06AacTHx (TH6eTe, KHTae, Xope3Me HAP.).
B KOHu;e XIV BeKa HeoAHoKpaTHo BTopraBllIHMcH B rpY3HIO
caMapKaHAcKHH BAaCTHTeAb TaMepAaH npHHYAHTeAhHO 06-
paTHA B HCAaM qaCTb )KHTeAeM MecxeTH, KapTAH H KaxeTH
-182-
PYCCKa.H J.1HJJ:Jt1.H
=
=
..
I .
\
4
i, . 1
I
naMRmHUK reOprUlO CaaKag3e B T6UAUCU
H YBeA HX C C060H B CpeAHlO1O A3HIO. HCTOpHqeCJ(H AOKa-
3aHO, qTO OAHH rpY3HH rrpOAeAaA MopCKoe rryrellIecTBHe _H3
HHAHH B nopryraAHlO H AOCTHr B KOH e KOH OB fpY3HH, rAe
C HHM B 1449 rOAY 6eCeAOBaA rrOCOA rrOCAeAHero BH3aHTHH'"
CKoro HMrrepaTopa KOHcTaHTHHa XI naAeOAOra - feoprHH
<DpaHA3ec. CBeAeHHH 06 HHAHH H ee HapoAax rrpOHHKaAH B
fpY3HIO TaKJKe H APyrHM rryreM - qepe3 rpY3HHcKHX rrOA-
KOBOA eB H BOHHOB, rrpHHHMaBIlIHx yqacTHe B BoeHHblX rro-
xOAax Ha BOCTOK BAacTHTeAeH HpaHa.
B 1622 rOAY rpY3HHcKHe BOHHbI BO rAaBe C BbIAalOIIJ;HM-
CH rrOAKOBOA eM feoprHeM CaaKClA3e yqacTBOBaAH B BOMHe
ll1ax-A66aca C HHAHeH 3a rrpaBo BAClAeTb 06AaCTblO KaHAa-
rap, rrorrepeMeHHo rrpHHClMeJKaBllIeM TO nepCHH, TO HHAHH.
B 1738-1739 rOAax rrepcHAcKHM llIax HClAHP rrpeArrpHHHA
rroxOA B HHAHIO. Ero cOrrpOBOJKAaAH rpY3HHcKHH apeBHq
(BrrocAeAcTBHH apb KapTAH H KaxeTH) HpaKAHH II, Haxo-
AHBllIHHCH B HpaHe B KaqeCTBe 3aAOJKHHKa, H rpY3HHcKHe
BOHHbI.
ToproBble B3aHMOOTHOllIeHHH fpY3HH C HHAHeH rroMep-
JKHBaAHCb Ha rrpOTHJKeHHH XVIII BeKa H rrepBoH rrOAOBHHbI
XIX BeKa peryASlpHo. B rpY3HH cym;ecTBOBaAH rrOTOMCTBeH-
Hble ceMbH Kyrr OB, H3ApeBAe AOCTaBAHBIlIHX TOBapbI H3
rpY3HH B HHAHIO H 06paTHo. npH 3TOM ToproBAeM C HHAHeH
3aHHMaAHCb rAaBHbIM 06pa30M rpY3HHcKHe KaTOAHKH (rro-
-183-
H.H. HerrOMH.HIUJt1M
=
=
cAeAHHe MX rrpeACTaBHTeAM - rpHrOA XYPCHA3e H CTecpa-
He 3y6aAallIBHAM A0)KHAM AO 1830-1840-x rOAOB), a TaK)Ke
apMHHe. B ropOAe BapaHacH coxpaHHAaCb MOrHAhHaH rrAM-
Ta, H(lArrHCb Ha KOTOpOH, CAeAaHHaH Ha rpY3HHCKOM H3bIKe,
C006m;aeT, qTO 3AeCb B 1782 rOAY 6bIA rroxopoHeH rpY3HH-
CKHH Kyrreu; H3 ceAa KOA/KOpH (6AM3 T6HAMCH) XYAyaIlIBH-
AM TaMa3. 113 I1HAHH B rpY3HIO AOCTaBMIAMCb CAaBHBIlIHeCH
CBOHM BbICOKHM KaqeCTBOM TOBapbI: 6YMara, MeAHKaMeHTbI,
OPY)KHe,rropox,cpHHHKH,rrpHHOCTH,aAMa3W,KaIlIMHpCKHe
TKaHH; B3aMeH H3 rpY3HH B I1HAHIO BbIB03HAMCb llIepCTb,
BOCK, MbIAO H rrpOqHe TOBapbI.
Me>KAYHapOAHaH rrOAMTHqeCKaH 06CTaHOBKa rrepHOAa, B
KOTOpOM COBepllIaA CBOH rryrellIecTBHH P. AaHH6erallIBHAM,
6bIAa BeCbMa HarrpH)KeHHOH H H306HAOBaAa KpyrrHbIMH CO-
6bITHHMH. K rrocAeAHHM OTHOCHTCH AHrrAOMaTHqeCKHe H BO-
eHHble ycrrexH POCCHH H AHrAHH B A3HH (rrepBOM - Ha KaB-
Ka3e, BTOpOM - B I1HAHH), 60pb6a HarrOAeOHa 3a MHpOBoe
rocrrOACTBO, ABOPU;OBbIH rrepeBopoT 1801 rOAY B OeTep6yp-
re, rrpHcoeAHHeHHe B 1801 rOAY rpY3HH K POCCHH H T. A.
EHorpacpHqeCKHe AaHHble 0 PacpaHAe AaHH6erallIBHAM
BeCbMa CKYAHbI. POA AaHH6erallIBHAH (AaHH6eroBblx), )KHB-
IlIHX B T6HAHCH rro KpaHHeH Mepe C cepeAHHbI XVIII BeKa,
rrpHHClMe)KaA K TOH qaCTH rpY3HHcKoro HapoAa, KOTopaH
HaqHHaH C XVI BeKa 6bIAa rrpH06m;eHa K KaToAMU;H3MY HTa-
AbHHCKHMH H cppaHU;Y3cKHMH MHccHoHepaMH B T6HAMCH H
MecxeTH. HecKoAbKO rroKoAeHHM 3Toro pOAa 3aHHMaAHCb
ToproBAeM C I1HAHeH, COBMem;aH ee C BblrrOAHeHHeM BCHKO-
ro pOAa AHrrAOMaTHqeCKHX rropyqeHHH rpY3HHcKHX u;apeH.
AeA rryrellIecTBeHHHKa, KOToporo TaK)Ke 3BaAH PacpaH-
AOM, CAY)KHA u;aplO TeMMypa3Y II B 3BaHHH «Aar6aIlIH», HAM
AeCHTHHKa. OTeu; rryrellIecTBeHHHKa, Ocecpa (l1oCHcp), Ha-
XOAHACH Ha cAY)K6e Y u;apH I1paKAH5I II, KOTOpbIM rrO)KaAO-
BaA eMY A0J\)l(HOCTb «xyracHc-TaBM» (<<rAaBa rrHTHCOT»). Co-
xpaHHACH AOKYMeHT (COCTaBAeHHbIM B 1 786 rOAY crrHCOK ro-
cYAapcTBeHHblx caHOBHHKOB rpY3HH), cBHAeTeAhCTBYIOm;HM
o TOM, qTO 110CHcp AaHH6erallIBHAM rroAyqaA )KaAOBaHbe H3
u;apcKoM Ka3HbI. Bce 3TO BMeCTe C 06H3aHHOCTblO e3AHTb B
I1HAHIO rrepelliAo rro HacAeAcTBY K HallieMY rryrellIecTBeH-
HHKY. MaTb ero rrOA HMeHeM «KaTOAMqKH AHHbI-P03bI» CPH-
rypHpyeT B PYCCKOH rreperrHcH HaceAeHHH ropoAa T6HAM-
CH 1803 rOAa, a rrOA HMeHeM «P03bI» - B rrpHrrHcKax K Aap-
-184-
PYCCKa.H I1HJJ:J1.H
=
=
cTBeHHoM rpaMOTe reoprHH XIII Ha HMH rryrernecTBeHHMKa.
EpaT PacpaHAa - 110cHcp AaHH6erarnBHAM, ABOpHHcKoro
3BaHHH, yrroMHHaeTcH B TOM)Ke rreperrHcH 1803 rOAa. CeMbH
AaHH6erarnBHAM BAClAeAa B oKpecTHocTHX ropoAa T6HAMCH
rrOMeCTbHMH, HaxOAHBrnHMHCH 6AH3 cpeAHeBeKoBoH u;epK-
BH J\.YPA)K-MOHacTepH - Ha HbIHernHeH Bepe. YacTb 3THX
BAClAeHHH 6bIAa AapoBaHa rrpeAKaM rryrernecTBeHHHKa rpy-
3HHCKHMH u;apHMH HAM rrepCHACKHMH rnaxaMH, a qaCTb rrpH-
06peTeHa AaHH6erarnBHAM Ha CBOH cpeACTBa. PacpaHAAaHH-
6erarnBHAM HaqaA caMOCTOHTeAbHYIO AeHTeAbHOCTb rryrerne-
CTBeHHHKa, AHrrAOMaTa, Kyrru;a, rrO-BHAHMOMY, B 1795 rOAY,
HO ern;e paHbrne OH Mor e3AHTb B AaAbHHe cTpaHbI C OTU;OM,
Ha6HpaH orrbIT rrOA ero PYKOBOACTBOM. OocAeAHHe rOAbI CBO-
eM )KH3HH P. AaHH6erarnBHAH, rro BceH BepoHTHoCTH, rrpo-
BeA B POCCMH, KYAa OH B03Bparn;aACH H3 TpeTbero, qeTBep-
Toro H rrHToro rryrernecTBHH. YMep OH, BO BCHKOM cAyqae,
rrOCAe 1827 rOAa. B POCCHH OH HOCHA 3BaHHe ry6epHcKoro
ceKpeTapH H PYCHcpHU;HpoBaHHYIO cpaMHAMIO AafIH6eroB,
HMeA APY3eH H rroKpoBHTeAeH, cOAeHcTBoBaBrnHx eMY B.H3-
AaHHH rryreBblx 3arrHCOK.
YHCAO rryrernecTBHH P. AaHH6erarnBHAM OKOHqaTeAb-
HO ern;e He YCTaHOBAeHO, HO, rrO-BHAHMOMY, OH rrpeArrpHHHA
5 rroe3AOK B 3apy6e)KHble CTpaHbI.
OepBoe rryrernecTBHe: 1795-1796 rOAbI.
BTopoe rryrernecTBHe: 1797-1798 rOAbI.
TpeTbe rryrernecTBHe: 1799-1813 rOAbI.
YeTBepToe rryrernecTBHe: 1815-1820 rOAbI.
OHToe rryrernecTBHe: 1822-1827 rOAbI.
OepBble ABa rryrernecTBHH 6bIAM rrpeArrpHHHTbI P. AaHH-
6erarnBHAH rro rrpHKa3Y u;apH HpaKAHH II. 0 HHX H3BeCTHO
OqeHb MaAO, XOTH B pe3YAbTaTe KaKorO-TO rrporrycKa C03-
AaAOCb BrreqaTAeHHe, 6YATO orrHcaHHble B KHHre AaHH6e-
rarnBHAM cTpaHbI H ropoAa 6bIAM rrocern;eHbI HM 3a BpeMH
HMeHHO rrepBoM rroe3AKH. OTHocHTeAbHo rrpHqHH BToporo
rryrernecTBHH MbI HaxOAHM rrpHMoe yxa3aHHe B caMOM TeK-
CTe - AOCTaBKa rpaMoTbI u;apH HpaKAHH II )KHBrneMY B Ma-
Apace (HHAHH)- apMHHcKOMY 60raqy rraTpHory lllaMHp-are
(lllaxaMHpHHY). AeHCTBHTeAbHble u;eAH rroe3AKH OCBern;a-
lOT COCTaBAeHHble Ha apMHHCKOM H Ha aHrAHHCKOM H3bIKax
AOKyMeHTbI, AOKa3bIBalOrn;He CTpeMAeHHe HpaKAHH II C03-
-185-
H.H. HerrOMH.HIUJ1M
=
=
AaTb (qepe3 nOCpeAHHqeCTBO lllaxaMHpHHa) He3aBHCHMOe
rpY3HHCKO-apMHHCKOe rOCYAapCTBO. KaK H3BeCTHO, AaHH-
6erallIBHAM Y)Ke He 3aCTaA lllaxaMHpHHa B )KHBbIX (OH YMep
B 1797 rOAY) , H MHCCHH ero OKa3aAaCb 6e3pe3YAhTaTHoH.
OepBaH noe3AKa npoAOJ\.)l{aAaCb 2 rOAa. 113BecTHbI TOAbKO
KOHeqHble nYHKTbI Maprnpyra: T6HAHCH H MClApac.
TpeTbe nyrellIecTBHe HBA5.leTCH rAaBHbIM KaK no cBoeM
npOAOJ\.)l{HTeAbHocTH H MHHe Mapilipyra, TaK H no pa3Ho-
06pa3HIO 061:>eKTOB Ha6AIOAeHHH H nOAHOTe AHTepaTypHo-
xYA0)KeCTBeHHoro OTpa)KeHHH. I1MeHHo paccKa3 06 3TOM
cTpaHcTBHH H COCTaBHA cOAep)KaHHe KHHrH «OyrellIe-
CTBHH».
AaHH6erallIBHAH 6bIA oTnpaBAeH B 11 HAH 10 , KaK 06 3TOM
cBHAeTeAbcTByeT AapcTBeHHaH rpaMoTa u;apH reoprHH XIII,
no 3ClAaHHIO nocAeAHero, Hero TpeTbH noe3AKa npecAeAo-
BaAa Te )Ke u;eAH, qTO H npe)KHHH: «Tenepb Te6H, PacpaHAa,
MbI nOCbIAaeM B I1HAHIO K CbIHY lllaMHp-arH». KOHKpeTHble
3ClAaqH nyrellIecTBHH B rpaMOTe YKa3aHbI He 6bIAH. TpeTbe
nyrellIecTBHe P. AaHH6erarnBHAH HaqaAOCb B cyrn;ecTBeHHO
HHOH nOAHTHqeCKOM 06CTaHOBKe, qeM nepBble. B 1795 rOAY
nepcHAcKHM llIax H3 KClA)KapCKOM AHHaCTHH Ara-MaroMeT-
xaH C BOHCKOM BToprcH B rpY3HIO, )KeAaH OTOMCTHTb I1pa-
KAHIO II 3a ero APY)K6y C PoccHeM H 3a OTKa3 nOBHHOBaTbCH
I1paHY. rpY3HHcKHe BOMcKa BO rAaBe C npeCTapeAhIM u;apeM
He CMorAH OTpa3HTb )KeCTOKOro Bpara. BocnOAb30BaBllIHCb
H3MeHOM, nepCbI B3HAH T6HAHCH H CO)KrAM ero. l.J:epe3 TPH
rOAa u;apb I1paKAHM CKOHqaACH, H npeCTOA 3aHHA ero CTap-
IlIHH CbIH reoprHM XIII, He 06AClAaBllIHH TaAaHTOM BoeHa-
qaAbHHKa H ClAMHHHCTpaTopa. QnacaHCb HOBOM arpeCCHH
co CTOpOHbI I1paHa, OH HanpaBHA K PYCCKOMY HMnepaTOpy
OaBAY I nOCAOB, npocH ero nOKpoBHTeAbcTBa H 3arn;HTbI OT
BparoB. I1MnepaTop OaBeA rn;eAPo HarpClAHA reoprHH XIII
H nOCAaA B rpY3HIO M5I oxpaHbI ee rpaHHU; 17-H erepcKHH
nOAK nOA KOMaHAOBaHHeM reHepaAa J\.a3apeBa. B 1799 rOAY
B rpY3HIO npH6bIA H BTOpOH nOAK, MYIliKeTepcKHM, a C HHM
nOCOA PyccKoro npaBHTeAbCTBa 0.11. KOBaAeHCKHH.
C 3Toro MOMeHTa Bce BHelliHenOAHTHqeCKHe BonpocbI
rpY3HHcKoro u;apcTBa KOHTpOAHpOBaAHCb PoccHeM.
Mapilipyr TpeTbe o nyrellIecTBHH, npOAOJ\.)l{aBllierOcH B
06rn;eH CAO)KHOCTH OKOAO 14 AeT, nOAP06HO H3AO)KeH caMHM
nyrellIecTBeHHHKoM B ero KHHre, HO AO caMoro nOCAeAHero
-186-
PYCCKa.H I1HJJ:J1.H
=
=
BpeMeHH HeKOTOpble 3TanbI Maprnpyra OCTaBaAMCb HeHCHbI-
MH, a HHorAa Aa)Ke HenpaBMAbHO TOAKOBaAMCb. TPYAHOCTH
B HAeHTHcpHKaU;HM MeCTHOCTeM, ynoMHHyrbIX P. AaHH6e-
rarnBHAM B TeKCTe, 06'bHCHHIOTCH TeM,' qTO MHorHe reorpa-
cpHqeCKHe Ha3BaHHH B KHHre 6bIAH HenpaBHAhHO TpaHCKpH-
6HpOBaHbI caMHM aBTopOM HAM )Ke nOABeprAMCb C Tex nop
M3MeHeHHIO. B Tpex cAyqaHx AaHH6erarnBHAM 0603HaqaeT
ropOAa Ha3BaHHHMH CTpaH, B KOTOpbIX OHM paCnOAO)KeHbI:
Aex - TH6eT, CpHHarap KarnMHpCKHM - KarneMHp, PaH-
ryH - EeKY (HCKa)KeHHOe Ha3BaHHe u;apCTBa Oery). CpH-
Harap rapBaAbCKHM Ha 60AbrnHHCTBe COBpeMeHHbIX KapT
He 0603HaqeH H3-3a Toro, qTO 6bIA nOAHOCTblO pa3pyrneH
BO BpeMH CTHXHMHoro 6eACTBHH, npOHcrneArnero Y)Ke nOCAe
nyrernecTBHH AaHH6erarnBHAH, M nOTepHA CBoe 6bIAoe 3Ha-
qeHHe. ABTOpOM HCKa)KeHbI HAH npHBeAeHbI B MaAOH3BeCT-
HbIX BapHaHTax Ha3BaHHH ropOAOB ApaKaHa (Eaxap-KaHH),
"4HHCYPbI ("4Hqpa), KOK'bHpa (KOKHap) HAP.l1cnoAh3Y5I YKa-
3aHHH caMoro AaHH6erarnBHAM OTHOCHTeAbHO reorpacpHqe-
CKoro nOAO)KeHHH noce eHHbIX HM nYHKTOB, a TaK)Ke COqH-
HeHHH ApeBHHX aBTopOB H APyrHe HCTOpHqeCKHe MaTepilIa-
AbI, YAaAOCb YCTaHOBHTb Maprnpyr TpeTbero nyrernecTBHH.
OpOHAH nyrb 06 eM npOTH)KeHHOCTblO 60Aee 20 TbIC. KM (3a
BblqeTOM 60Aee HAM MeHee MMTeAbHbIX OCTaHOBOK B ropo-
Aax), AaHH6erarnBHAH npOBeA B Aopore 450-500 AHeM H,
cAeAoBaTeAbHo, ABHraACH co cpeAHeH CKOpOCTblO 40 KM B
AeHb. MaKCHMaAbHaH CKOpOCTb nepeABH)KeHHH Ha yqacTKe
H3 CeMHnaAaTHHCKa B OMCK B nOqTOBOM 3KHna)Ke AOCTHra-
Aa 60Aee 100 KM B AeHb. EOAbIllYIO nOAoBHHY Bcero nyrM Aa-
HH6erarnBHAH npoIlleA no cyrne. KaAeHAapHblx CpOKOB npo-
XO>KAeHHH OTAeAbHbIX nYHKToB nyreIllecTBeHHHK He YKa3bI-
BaeT, OAHaKO Ha OCHOBe HeKOTopbIX KOCBeHHbIX nOKa3aHHH,
pa36pocaHHbIX B erO)Ke c06CTBeHHOM KHHre, MO)KHO npeA-
nOAO)KHTb, qTO B EHpMe OH n06bIBaA Me>KAY 1802-1805 ro-
AaMH, KorAa TaM HaxOAMACH aHrAHHCKHM pe3HAeHT (MaMKA
CaHMe), a B AeAH nOCAe 1803 rOAa.
PacceAeHHe no BceMY MHPY apMHH, KOTopble He MorAM
npOTHBOCTOHTb )KeCTOKHM HaTHCKaM CBOHX IO)KHbIX coce-
AeM H BbIHY>KAeHbI 6bIAH 3MHrpHpOBaTb B AaAbHHe CTpaHbI,
MMeAO M5I P. AaHH6eraIllBHAH H CBOIO CBeTAYIO CTOPOHY-
OH HaXOAHA M5I ce6H onopy H COAeMCTBHe BO MHorHX ropo-
Aax IO)KHOM A3HH, rAe )KHAH apMHHCKHe 3MHrpaHTbI.
-187-
H.H. HerrOMH.HIUJt1M
=
=
OHToe rryrernecTBHe P. AaHH6erarnBHAH rrpoAOJ\.)l{aAOCb
5 AeT. CBOM rryrb AaHH6erarnBHAM HaqaA B POCCHH. AaAee OH
rrporneA qepe3 ACTpaxaHb, rrepeceK KacrrHMCKoe Mope, rro-
6bIBaA B Ma3aHAepaHe (COBpeMeHHbIH EeHAep-ll1ax), Tere-
paHe, l1ccpaxaHe, ll1Hpa3e, A6yrnHpe (EyrnHp). OT 6eperoB
OepcHAcKoro 3aAHBa rryrernecTBeHHHK oTrrpaBHAcH MopeM
B EOM6eM. B03Bpam;aACH OH B POCCHIO qepe3 J\.axop (3arrClA-
HbIH OaKHcTaH), CpHHarap (B KarnMHpe), Ka6YA, Eyxapy,
OpCK (Ha peKe YpaA) H OpeH6ypr. B OpeH6ypre P. AaHH6e-
rarnBHAH BCTpeTHAcH C f.<D. feHcOM, KOTOpbIM 3arrHCaA ero
paCCKa3 H C03AaA, TaKHM 06pa30M, eAHHCTBeHHbIM H3BeCT-
HbIH CeHqaC AOKYMeHT 0 rrocAeAHeM rryrernecTBHH rpY3HH-
CKoro Kyrru;a.
Maprnpyr rrHToro rryrernecTBHH TOAhKO Ha cpaBHHTeAh-
HO KOpOTKHX OTpe3Kax (EyrnHp - EOM6eM H Me>KAY J\.axo-
pOM H CpHHarapOM KarnMHpCKHM) cOBrrClAaeT, corrpHKaca-
eTCH HAM rrepeceKaeTCH C MaprnpyraMH TpeTbero H OTqaCTH,
B03MO)KHO, ApyrHX rryrernecTBHH, B u;eAOM )Ke OH rrpOXOAHT
rro HOBbIM M5I rryrernecTBeHHHKa CTpaHaM (l1paH, AcpraHH-
CTaH, Y36eKHCTaH).
06paTHMCH K rrHCbMeHHOMY rraMHTHHKY rryrernecTBHH
AaHH6erarnBHAH - ero KHHre 0 rAaBHOM (TpeTbeM) rryrerne-
CTBHH H 3arrHCH f.<D. feHca.
KaKOB Kpyr HHTepeCOB rryrernecTBeHHHKa, KaKOBa MaHe-
pa ero orrHcaHHH CBOHX rryreBblx BrreqaTAeHHM? HaCKOAhKO
BepHbI H TOqHbI ero Ha6AIOAeHHH H B qeM 3aKAIOqaeTCH HX
HayqHo-HCTOpHqeCKaH H KYAbrypHaH u;eHHOCTb?
KHHra «OyrernecTBHe B.l1HAHIO rpY3HHCKoro ABopHHHHa
PacpaHAa AaHH6erOBa» H3AaHa B MOCKBe B 1815 rOAY. Ha TH-
ryAhHOM AMCTe KHHrH, rrOA ee 3arOAOBKOM, OTMeqeHO: «Oe-
peBoA C rpY3HHcKoro».
3a THryAhHbIM AHCTOM CAeAyIDT ABa AMCTa, Ha KOTOpbIX
OTrreqaTaHO aBTopCKoe rrOCBHm;eHHe. Ha rrepBOM H3 HHX 3Ha-
qHTCH: «Ero BeAMqeCTBY rOCYAaplO HMrrepaTOpy AAeKcaH-
APY I C rAy60qaMrnHM 6AaroroBeHHeM rrOCBHm;aeT COqHHH-
TeAh», a Ha BTOpOM AMCTe - 60Aee pa3BepHyrbIM TeKCT rro-
CBHm;eHHH: «BceMHAocTHBeHrnHM focYAapb. EAarOCKJ\.OHHOe
H OTeqeCKOe BHHMaHHe Barnero l1MrrepaTopcKoro BeAMqe-
CTBa Ha KCUKAoro CbIHa POCCHH, rro B03MO)KHOCTH CHA cOAeM-
CTByIDm;ero K 06m;eMY 6Aary, H BeAHKoAyrnHoe, CHHCXOAH-
TeAhHOe oA06peHHe CaMOMaAeHrnerO TpYAa, rrpeArrpHHHMae-
-188-
PYCCKa.H I1HJJ:Jt1.H
=
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Moro AA5f. rrOAh3bI OTeqeCTBa, AaCT MHe CMeAOCTb rroBeprHyrb
K CTOrraM BallIerO HMrrepaTOpCKOrO BeAHqeCTBa HHqTO)KHbIH
TPYA MOH. CTpaHCTBYH OCbMHClA aTb AeT rro HHAHH H rrpo-
CTpaHHbIM 3eMAHM, BOKpyr Hee Ae)Karn;HM, 51 c06paA HeKOTO-
pble qepTbI 06blqaeB H HpaBOB 06HTaTeAeM TaMOllIHHX, 06pa-
3a HX )KH3HH, HX 60rOCAY)KeHHH H HeKOTopble cBeAeHHH 0 Ka-
qeCTBax caMOH 3eMAH. no B03Bparn;eHHH MoeM B OTeqeCTBO,
)KeAiliI POCCHHHaM, MOHM COOTeqeCTBeHHHKaM, rrepeAaTb Bce
MHOIO BHAeHHoe H TaKHM 06pa30M 03HaKOMHTb HX He TOAh-
KO C TeMH CTpaHaMH, HO H C HX )KHTeAHMH, rrepeBeA CHe rryre-
llIeCTBHe C rpY3HHCKoro Ha H3bIK POCCHMCKHM. )Kpe6HM MOM
B03BbICHTCH Ha caMbIH Bepx rn;acTHH, e)KeAH CHe HHqTO)KHOe
Moe rrpHHOllIeHHe YAOCTOHTCH BeAHKOAyTIlHoro BallIero HM-
rrepaTopcKoro BeAHqeCTBa 6AarOBOAeHHH. BCeMHAOCTHBeM-
llIHM rOCYAapb. BallIero HMrrepaTopCKoro BeAHqeCTBa Bep-
HorrOMaHHeHllIHM PacpaHA AaHH6erOB».
«nyrellIeCTBHH» HarrHcaHbI B cBoe06pa3HOM )KaHpe rry-
TeBbIX 3arrHCOK. AaHH6erallIBHAH BeAeT pacCKa3 B ;nOcAeAo-
BaTeAhHOCTH rAaBHbIX C06bITHM ero )KH3HH B rryrH H rropHA-
Ke rrpOXO>KAeHHH HM ropOAOB H CTpaH.
C)KaTbIM OqepK AaHH6erallIBHAH Hacblrn;eH pa3Ho06pa3-
HbIMH reorpacpHqeCKHMH cBeAeHHHMH 0 BCTpeqeHHbIX B
rryrH cTpaHax, ropOAax H HapOAax. nyrellIeCTBeHHHK rroA-
MeqaeT H YAaqHbIMH Bblpa)KeHHHMH xapaKTepH3yeT rrpHpOA-
Hble oc06eHHocTH pa3AHqHbIX MeCTHOCTeM, HaH60Aee HpKHe
qepTbI )KH3HH H 6bITa HaCeAHIOrn;HX HX HapOAOB. Oc06eHHO
06cTOHTeAeH paccKa3 AaHH6erallIBHAH 0 rrpe6bIBaHHH B HH-
AHH. 06 3TOM cTpaHe OH c006rn;aeT MHoro HHTepecHblx rrOA-
p06HocTeH, KacalOrn;HXCH ee ropoAoB, KAHMaTa, pacTHTeAb-
Horo H )KHBOTHOro MHpa. 06parn;aeT AaHH6erallIBHAH BHH-
MaHHe H Ha qY)Ke3eMHble 06bIQaH: rroxopoHHble 06PHAbI
HHAHM eB, CaMOCO)K)KeHHe HHAHMCKHX BAOB, TH6eTcKyID
rroAHaHAPHlO, HaAOrH Ha ToproBAIO 6eTeAeM HAP.
PaCCKa3 P. AaHH6erallIBHAH AeAOBHT H HeMHorOCAOBeH.
OAHaKO paMKH qHCTO 3rrHqeCKOrO rrOBeCTBOBaHHH HepeAKO
pa3ABHraIOTCH, AaBiliI MeCTO AHpHqeCKHM H3AHHHHHM H pa3-
MbIllIAeHHHM aBTopa, H TorAa OH 06CTOHTeAhHO paCCKa3bIBaeT
o rryreBblx rrpOHCllIeCTBHHx, rrOCTHrllIHX ero HeB3roAax H CO-
rryrcTBoBaBllIHX HM QYBCTBax OTlIiliIHHH, rreqaAM, CTpaxa. Ta-
KOB 3rrH30A B PaHryHe, KorAa ero, HeqaHHHO HapyTIlHBllIero
MeCTHble rrpaBHAa, OKpY)KHAa TOlUIa, yrp0)KaBllIaH eMY CMep-
-189-
H.H. HerrOMHHII{J1J1
=
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TblO; Kopa6AeKpyrneHHe B EeHraAbCKOM 3aJ\MBe; rrpHcyrcTBHe
aBTOpa B ropoAe Hyprrype BO BpeM5I QepeMOHHH CaMOCOJK)Ke-
HH5I BAOB; rrepexoA qepe3 rrepeBaA KapaKOPYM 11 T. A.
Bce CHMrraTHH AaHH6erallIBHAH Ha CTOpOHe HHAHH. 0y-
TellIeCTBeHHHK COqYBCTByeT OTBaJKHOH 60pb6e HHAHHCKOrO
HapOAa C 3aBOeBaTeMIMH H ABa>KAbI C YAOBAeTBOpeHHeM OT-
MeqaeT, qTO BCe rrOrrbITKH aHrAHqaH OBAClAeTb rOpOAOM ycne-
xa He HMeAH.
3arrHCb f.<D. feHca 0 rr5lTOM rryrellIecTBHH P. AaHH6erallI-
BHAH rrpeACTaBMIeT C060H KpaTKoe H3AOJKeHHe MapllIpy-
Ta rryrH H rrOAHTHqeCKHX Ha6AIOAeHHH rryrellIecTBeHHHKa r
KacalOrn;HXC5I HHAHH H EyxapbI. EOAee rrpOCTpaHHO orrHca-
Ha Ae5lTeAbHOCTb 6pHTaHCKoro pa3BeAqHKa YHAb5lMa Myp-
KpocpTa B Eyxape. KaK H3BeCTHO r MYPKpOcpT r HCCAeAOBaB-
IlIHH fHMaAaH H TH6eT r BrrOCAeACTBHH rrOA BHAOM 3aKyrrrn;H-
Ka AOIliClAeH qepe3 AcpraHHCTaH rrpOHHK B Eyxapy. PaCCKa3
AaHH6erallIBHAH 0 6yxapCKOH orrepaQHH MypKpocpTa CO-
AepJKHT P5lA rrOAP06HOCTeH r He AHllIeHHbIX 06rn;ero HHTepe-
ca (HarrpHMepr 0 rrepeOAeBaHHH aHrAHqaHHHa Hero cnyrHH-
KOB r 0 B3aHMOOTHOllIeHH5IX pa3BeAqHKa C MeCTHbIMH nAe-
MeHaMH H rrpaBHTeMIMH r BOOpYJKeHHe ero OTp5lAa r nAaTa 3a
KOHeH H OCAOB). 3aTeM aBTOp 3arrHCH KaCaeTC5I COCT05lHH5I
aHrAHHCKHX AeA B HHAHH - B351THe rOpOAa ExapaTrrypa r
qHCAeHHOCTb rapHH30HOB B EaXaBaArrype H J\.axope r HaXOJK-
AeHHe cppaHQY3CKOrO reHepaAa-nepe6eJKqHKa Ha cAYJK6e y
HHAHHCKOrO PClA>KH H T. II. ECTecTBeHHo r qTO 3TOT AaKOHHq-
HbIH rrepeqeHb cpaKTOB r rrOKa3aBllIHXC5I f.<D. feHcy HaH60-
Aee HHTepeCHbIMH B C006rn;eHH5IX P. AaHH6erallIBHAH r CAa-
60 OTpaJKaeT pe3YAbTaTbI nyrellIeCTBH5I B QeAOM. B HeM He
COAepJKHTC5I r B qaCTHOCTH r HHKaKHX CBeAeHHM 06 HpaHe H
AcpraHHCTaHe r rrpe6bIBaHHe B KOTOpbIX P. AaHI16erallIBHAH
6bIAO AOCTaTOqHO MHTeAbHbIM.
)KH3Hb PacpaHAa AaHH6erallIBHAH r rrpOBeAlliero 60Aee
TpHAQaTH AeT B rryrellIeCTBH5IX rro AaAbHHM cTpaHaM r AO-
CTOMHa H3 eHH5I. P. AaHH6erallIBHAI1 r B03MOJKHO r 6bIA nep-
BbIM H3 qHCAa JKHTeAeH POCCHHCKOM HMrrepHH r rroceTHBIlIHM
EHPMY. Bo BC5IKOM cA aer ero rryreBble 3aMeTKH - caMoe
paHHee H3BeCTHoe HaM orrHcaHHe 3TOM CTpaHbI Ha PYCCKOM
513bIKe. Ero cBoe06pa3Ha51 KHHra OTAHqaeTC5I TOqHOCTblO co-
06rn;aeMblx cBeAeHHH r rrpaBHAbHbIX fV\5I CBoero BpeMeHH.
Hacblrn;eHHa51 HerrocpeAcTBeHHbIMH H JKHBO H3AOJKeHHbIMH
-190-
PYCCKa51 J.1H.D:Ii151
=
=-
BrreqaTAeHH5IMH qeAOBeKa, HCxOAHBllIerO TYPQHIO, HHAHIO,
EHPMY H 3arrClAHbIH KHTaH, OHa, 6e3 COMHeHH5I, A0A)KHa 6bIAa
B orrpeAeAeHHOM Mepe YAOBAeTBopHTb AI0603HaTeAbHOCTb
TorAalliHero PYCCKoro 06m;eCTBa rro OTHOllIeHHIO K JKH3HH
BOCTOKa. OyrellIecTBeHHHK C06paA H C006m;HA HHTepeCHbIe
CBeAeHH5I 0 rryrH H3 BOCTOqHOrO TypKeCTaHa B 3arrClAHy:EO
CH6Hpb. P. AaHH6erallIBHAH 6bIA, OqeBHAHO, rrOAHrAOTOM,
3Ha5l, rrOMHMO rpY3HHCKoro, apM5IHCKOrO H PYCCKoro, TaKJKe
HeKOTopbIe BOCTOqHbIe 513bIKH. YeAOBeK HecrH6aeMOH BOAH,
TBepAoro xapaKTepa H 60AbllIOM cpH3HqeCKOH CHAbI, AeAOBH-
TbIH H rrpeArrpHHMqHBbIM, rOp5lm;HH JKeAaHHeM rrOCAYJKHTb
CBoeH pOAHOH 3eMAe,- TaKHM pHcyeTC5I HaM rropTpeT 3a-
MeqaTeAbHOrO rpY3HHCKoro rryrellIecTBeHHHKa. HaKOHeQ,
YMeHHe rrOAMeTHTb, rrpaBHAbHO rrOH5ITb H H3AOJKHTb HaH60-
Aee xapaKTepHbIe qepTbI JKH3HH QeAbIX CTpaH, ropOAOB H Ha-
pOAOB COCTaBMIeT em;e OAHO H3 AOCTOHHCTB PacpaHAa AaHH-
6erallIBHAH - HCCAeAOBaTeMI AaAbHHX CTpaH.
(no MamepUQAaM A. MapyawBUAU.)
ITO ITP03BJ1IUY J1H,[(EED
=
- =
KH5I3b AAeKCeH AMI1TpHeBHq CaATbIKOB (1806-1859),
IIpHexaB B HHAHIO B 1841 rOAY, e:rn;e He HOCHA IIp03BH:rn;a
HHAeeQ, HO YJKe 6bIA H3BeCTeH 3KCTpaBaraHTHbIM 06pa30M
JKH3HI1 11 HeCTaHAapTHbIMH MbICMIMH. OH pOAHAC5I B fle-
Tep6ypre, HMeA 3,5 TbIC. AYlIl BO BA(lAHMHpCKOM ry6epHHH,
H JKI13Hb ero CHaqaAa pa3BHBaAaCb IIO cQeHapHIO, pa3pa60-
TaHHoMY IIOKOAeHH5IMH CaATbIKOBbIX.
BOCeMHClAQaTH AeT OH IIOC'I'YIIHA Ha cAYJK6y B rOCYAap-
cTBeHHyro KOAJ\.erHIO HHocTpaHHbIxAeA, qepe3 II5ITbAeTyeXaA
3a rpaHHQY - CHaqaAa B KOHcTaHTHHOIIOAb, IIOTOM B AcpHHbI,
}\OHAOH, <DAopeHQHIO, PHM, TerepaH, CHOBa B }\OHAOH.
B flepcHH OH OKOHqaTeAbHO IIOH5IA, qTO 60AblIle Bcero
B JKH3HH AI06HT He OCPHQHaAbHbIe 6)TMarH H payrbI, a JKH-
BOIIHCb H IIyrelIleCTBH5I, qTO ero BAeqeT HHAH5I, a He Kapbe-
pa AHIIAOMaTa. B 34 rOAa B qHHe H(lABOpHOro COBeTHHKa OH
BbIlIleA B oTcTaBKY, IIOCeAHAC5I B flapHJKe, 3aIIAaHHpOBaA H
ocym;ecTBHA IIyrelIleCTBH5I IIO HHAHH H IIO EBpoIIe, cepbe3-
HO 3aH5IAC5I PHCYHKOM.
HeCKOAbKO He06bIqHbIH 6bIT - BOCTOqHbIH KOCTIOM,
YKAOHeHHe OT CBeTCKHX IIpHeMoB, qTO paccMaTpHBaAOCb
MHorHMH KaK OTlIleAbHHqeCTBO, IIpeBpa:rn;eHHe KBapTHpbI B
MY3eM BOCTOqHbIX peAKocTeH - He CAeAaA ero «qYAaKOM»,
IIOCMelIlH:rn;eM cpeAH 3HaKOMbIX. COBpeMeHHHKH YCIIeAH 3a-
MeTHTb H OQeHHTb ero OTKpbITbIM, M5IrKHH xapaKTep, OTCyr-
CTBHe 3a3HaHCTBa H KH5IJKeCKOM cpaHa6epHH. A.A. CaATbI-
KOB 6bIA IIAOTb OT IIAOTH pOCCI1MCKOH HHTeAJ\.HreHQHH, ero
ryMaHH3M, IIbITAHBOCTb, HHTepec K qYJKOM KYAbrype 6bIAH
qaCTblO MHpOB033peHH5I IIepeAOBbIX AIOAeM Toro BpeMeHH.
COXpaHHAHCb CBHAeTeAbCTBa ero APYJK6bI C II03TOM fl.A. B5I-
3eMCKI1M H KOMII03HTOpOM M.H. rAHHKOM.
flyrelIlecTBHe B HHAHIO, IIpeAIIpHH5ITOe A.A. CaATbIKO-
BbIM, 6bIAO 51BAeHHeM BbIAalO:rn;HMC5I caMO IIO ce6e. B TO Bpe-
M5I, qT06bI TOAbKO A06paTbC5I AO HHAHH, Tpe60BaAOCb He-
CKOAbKO MeC5IQeB. BHyrpH CTpaHbI He 6bIAO COBpeMeHHbIX
cpeACTB C006rn;eHH5I. flpaBAa, 3TO He 3HaqHAO, qTO IIyrelIle-
-192-
PYCCKa.H I1H.D:li1.H
=
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CTBeHHHK 065I3aH 6bIA HATH rreIliKOM. OCHOBHbIM CpeACTBOM
rrepeABHJKeHH5I eBpOrreMQeB 6bIA rraAaHKHH - llIeCTb rrap
qYJKHX 60CbIX Hor. flyrellIecTBOBaTb H(lAQ 6bIAO HOqbIO r Kor-
Aa crr(lAaAa JKapa. A.A. CaATbIKOB C IOMOpOM orrHCbIBaeT r KaK
HOCHAbm;HKH HeCKOAbKO pa3 3a HOqb pOH5IAI1 ero Ha AOpory.
3TO He 60AbHO r HO rrpHXOAHAOCb rrpOCbIrraTbC5I.
Ao A.A. CaATbIKOBa rrOA06HbIM MapllIpyr COBepllIHA TOAb-
KO BHKTOp )KaKMoH B 1829-1832 rOAax. PYCCKHH rryrellIe-
CTBeHHHK B 1841-1843 rOAax cpa3Yr em;e Ha Kopa6Ae r rrorraA
B «aHrAHMCKYIO» I1HAHIO r HO 60AbllIe ero HHTepeCOBaAa «TY-
3eMHa5I». OH 6bIA Ha rrpHeMe Y BeAHKOrO MoroAa Eax(lAyp-
rnaxa II B AeAH r 6eccAaBHo AOJKHBaBllIero CBOM BeK r em;e He
3HaBllIerO r qTO eMY CYJKAeHO HaBeKH OCTaTbC5I B I1CTOpHl1 r
CbIrpaTb 3aMeTHYIO pOAb B 1857 rOAYr KorAa OH r cKopee Bcero
rrOAqHH5I5ICb 06CT05ITeAbCTBaM r B03rAaBHA CHrraMcKoe BOC-
CTaHHe. OH 6bIA B fleHA>Ka6e B cMyrHoe BpeM5I r KorAa C03-
AaTeAb 3Toro rocYAapcTBa PaHA>KHT-CHHrx YMepr a AOCTOM-
Horo HaCAeAHHKa Y Hero He HallIAOCb H AO rrpHcoeAMHeHH5I
fleHA>Ka6a K aHrAI1MCKHM BA(lAeHH5IM OCTaBaAOCb HeCKOAb-
KO AeT. flpH HeM IlIAa flepBa5I aHrAo-acpraHCKa5I BOHHa r 3a-
KOHqHBllIa5IC5I 6eCCAaBHbIM rrOpaJKeHHeM aHrAl1qaH. OH He-
rrOCpeACTBeHHO Ha6AIOAaA rrpoQecc aHHeKCHH CHHAa. Apy-
rHMH CAOBaMH r ero rrHCbMa 11 PHCYHKH - 3TO BaJKHeMIliHe
AOK)TMeHTbI r HCTOqHHKH rro HCTOpHH I1HAI1H XIX BeKa.
3aBepllIeHHe 6pHTaHcKoro 3aBOeBaHI15I I1HAHHr rrpHxo-
A51m;eeC5I Ha 1840-e rOAbI r 6bIAO AHllIb OAHHM H3 rrpoQeccoB r
3HaMeHOBaBllIHX OC06bIM rrepHoA I1HAHHCKOM I1CTOpHH r Ha-
3bIBaeMbIM rro-Ha HoMY rrepHoAoM 3KcrrAyaTaQHH MeTOAa-
MI1 rrpoMbIIlIAeHHoro KarrHTaAa. ApyrHMH CAOBaMH r aHrAH-
qaHe CTaJ\M HaBOAH5ITb I1HAHIO CBOHMH TOBapaMH H BHAeAI1
CBOIO 3(lAaqy B TOM r qT06bI rrpoAaBaTb HX KaK MOJKHO 60Ab-
llIe. A Al\5I 3Toro H(lAO 6bIAO paCIlIHp5ITb BHyrpeHHHM pbIHOK.
3TO 03HaqaAO r B CBOIO OqepeAb r YHHqTOJKeHHe cpeOAaAb-
HOM BOAbHHQbI H aHapxHH r CMeTaHHe BHyrpeHHHx rrOAHTH-
qeCKHX H TaMOJKeHHbIX rpaHHQr HOBbIe 3aXBaTbI r rrpH06m;e-
Hl1e HHAHMQeB K QeHHOCT5IM H BKycaM eBporreMQeB r B KOHeq-
HOM CqeTe - AOMKY Tp(lAHQHOHHOM COQHaAbHOM KYAbrypbI.
B aHrAHMCKOH BAMHHHCTpaQHH Hr eCAH MOJKHO TaK BbIpa-
311TbC5I r B «KOAOHI13aTOpCKOM MbICAH» Bepx B35IAH AlGAHr
CqHTaBIlIHe r qTO BCe eBporreMCKoe 3aBeAOMO BbIllie a3HaT-
CKorO r qTO B ApeBHeM H cpeAHeBeKOBOM HCTOpHH I1HAI1H He
-193-
H. H. HerrOMH.HII{J1J1:
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6bIAO HHqerO rrOAO)l{HTeAbHOrO, qTO 3ClAaqa 6eAOrO qeAOBeKa
B ¥lHAHH - QHBHAH30BaTb 3ry CTpaHY rryreM eBpOrreH3aQHH
H pellIHTeAbHOrO oT6paCbIBaHH5I BCerO TPClAHQHOHHOrO. ¥Ix
Ha3bIBaAH yrHAMTapHCTaMH HAM eBaHreAMCTaMH.
He TaK Y)I{ MHoro pa3pYlliHAM H rrpe06pa30BaAH «rrpo-
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qTO BbI3BaAH BOAHY HeHaBHCTH, 3aXAeCTHYBllIYIO B 1857 rOAY
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H3 3TH X paHOHOB.
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crrOKOHCTBH5I B CBOHX BAClAeHH5IX H orrepeTbC5I Ha peaKQH-
OHHYIO qaCTb HHAHMCKoro 06m;eCTBa. OHH H36paAH BTOpOM
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ABYM5I rryrellIeCTBH5IMH A.A. CaATbIKOBa B EpHTaHcKoM ¥lH-
AHH 6bIAO 3arrpem;eHO pa6cTBo. B 1793-1833 rOAax 6bIAH
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rrOMHHaeT A3HIO.
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KOHg}/(eBepaM [KaHllunypaM}, 27 UlOHR, BellepoM.
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3aBTpa yrpOM 51 B03Bparn;YCb B MClApac. KOHA>KeBepaM -
He60AblilOH ropoAoK, paCCe5lHHbIH B CB5Irn;eHHOM Aecy; B HeM
50 TbIC. >KHTeAeH (B TOM qHCAe 10 TbIC. 6paMHHoB) H 6eCqHC-
AeHHoe MHO>KeCTBO rrarOA. 5I OCTaHOBHAC5I B yeAHHeHHoM,
qHCTeHbKOM AOMHKe, BbIcTpoeHHoM AMI rryrellIecTBeHHH-
KOB. MClApaccKHH ry6epHaTop, AOPA 3AcpHHCTOH, BbICAaA
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- 200-
PYCCKa51 J.1HJJ:Jil5I
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rrAOrn;ClAKaMH. TOArra 6paMHHOB, MOAOAbIX H CTapbIX, rrOAY-
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H Ha rpYAH, 6bIAa rrOrpY>KeHa B MOAeHHe; OAHH, CAY>KMTe-
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ECAH 6bI AOPA 3AcpHHCTOH He 6bIA TaK BHHMaTeAeH KO MHe
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6bI no OAHOMY OTPbIBKY: «OpoexaBIlIM BepCTbI ABe Bce TaK
JKe no 6epery TOM JKe ropHOM peqKM, Ha3BaHMSI KOTOpOH MbI
HMKaK He MorAM A06MTbCSI... MbI AOAJKHbI 6bIAH nepe6MpaTb-
CSI Qepe3 Hee B6pOA npM Bn(lAeHMM ee B IlIMpOKyro M qpe3-
BbIqaMHO BeAMqeCTBeHHyro peKY TaAap. PeKa TaAap 6epeT
HaqaAO Ha BepIlIHHax 3Ab6Pyca M, cnycKaSlcb HeCKOAbKM-
MM KaCK(lAaMM, OMbIBaeT nOAolliBbI xpe6Ta CO CTOpOHbI Ma-
3eHAepaHa, a nOTOM Bn(lAaeT B peKY Ea6p. BOAa TaAapa C
rOAy6bIM oTcBeToM, np03paqHa, KaK qMCTeHIlIMM XpYCTaAb;
Ha BKYC JKMAKa M OT3bIBaeTCSI JKeAe30M. EpOAOM MAM, MHaqe
cKa3aTb, caMOIO peKolO MbI eXaAM OKOAO qaca. Eepera ryCTO
3aCaJKeHbI TO nAaKyqMMH MBaMM, nOBMCIlIMMM H(lA BOAOH M
MrpalOrn;MMH no nOBepXHOCTM ee CBOHMM npOAOArOBaTbIMM,
KaK HOITM nepCMACKOM KpaCaBHIJ;bI, AMCTOqKaMM, TO BbICO-
-214-
PYCCKaH MH.IJ:J1H
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KMMM TOHKOCTBOAbHbIMM qMHapaMH, KOTOpbIe npM AerqaM-
llIeM nOpbIBe BeTepKa nOKaqJ:lBalOT CBOMMM BepllIHHaMM,
CnAeTalOTCSI Me>KAY C060H, TO Aeneqyr, KaK BAlO6AeHHbIe, TO
nOAHMMyr llIYM M CBMCT, HaB0A513THM Ha cyeBepHorO CTpaH-
HMKa naHMqeCKMH CTpaX, B KOTOpOM OH C03HaeT 3AOBern;yro
HOry ropHoro Ayxa. MbI BbITSlHYAHCb BAOAb peKM MMHHOH
BepeHMIJ;eM Ha 60AbllIOM paCCTOSlHMM APyr OT APyra, qT06bI
6pbI3rM, AeTSlrn;Me BO Bce CTOpOHbI H3-nOA KonbIT MepHO cry-
nalOrn;MX no M03aMKOBOMY AHY TaAapa KOHeM, He KpOnHAH
Hac... Aopora TeCHa, PSlAOM exaTb HeT B03MO)KHOCTM, n03TO-
MY HeT M pa3rOBopOB. TonOT KonbIT, OTAaAeHHOe qHpMKaHbe
MeAKOH nTMqKM, llIYM TaAapa H M3peAKa BcnapXMBaHHe 30-
AOTMCToro cpa3aHa HapyrnalOT TMllIMHY...»
Bo BpeMSI npe6bIBaHHSI B OepCMM, B MlOHe 1862 rOAa,
OallIHHo BCTpeTMAcSI B TerepaHe C M3BeCTHbIM yqeHbIM-
TlOpKoAoroM, 3THorpacpoM M nyrellIecTBeHHMKoM BaM6epM.
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H.H. HerrOMHHIUJ1M
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ApMMHI'lIi (repMaH) BaM6epM 6bIA BeHrpOM. OH BA(lAeA
ABYMSI AeCSlTKaMM eBpOrreHCKMX M a3MaTCKMX Sl3bIKOB, B TOM
qMCAe B COBepIlleHCTBe rOBOpMA Ha rrepCMACKOM, CTapO-
Y36eKCKOM,TYpeQKOM,apa6cKOM.
HeCKOAbKO AeT BaM6epM )KMA B CTaM6YAe. 3aTeM eAeT
B nepCMlO, a rrOTOM MAeT B XMBY, Eyxapy, CaMapKaHA - B
06AMKe AepBMIlla, B03Bparn;alOrn;erocSI C rpyrrnoM rraAOMHM-
KOB M3 MeKKM, B 3arrAaTaHHOM py6Mrn;e, C KopaHOM B CYMKe-
Kyp)KYMe, Bce BpeMSI rrOA CTpaXOM pa306AaqeHMSI. 1160, eCAM
6bI cpaHaTMKM-crryrHMKM pa306AaqMAM ero KaK eBporreMQa,
cMepTb 6bIAa 6bI HeMMHyeMoM.
OH rrpOIlleA TaM, rAe He 6bIBaA HM OAMH eBporreeQ. C TOp-
rOBbIMM KapaBaHaMM qepe3 BeAMKMe a3MaTCKMe rrYCTbIHM,
McrrbITbIBaSl )Ka>KAY M rOAOA, HepeAKO COrrpOBO>KAaeMbIH rro-
A03pMTeAbHbIMH B3rJUIAaMM peBHMTeAeM IllapMaTa. npOIlleA
Bce, OAep)KMMbIH )Ka>KAOH 3HaHMH.
naIIIMHO BCTpeTMACSI C BaM6epM M C BOCToprOM CAynIaA
paCCKa3bI 3HaMeHMToro rryreIllecTBeHHMKa. Ho KorAa rrOAe-
AMACSI CBOMMM rrAaHaMM AeHCTBOBaTb ero MeTOAaMM, BaM6e-
pM rrpeAOCTeper ero.
- BOH, rrOCMOTpMTe Ha Hero, - yxa3aA OH KMBKOM.
XYAOM r )KMAMCTbIH AepBMIll C 6eCCTpaCTHbIM AHQOM B
CB060AHO 60ATalOrn;eMCSI rrAarn;e-6aAaXOHe qyrb HM)Ke KO-
AeH r 06TpenaHHOM M rpSl3HOM. Ha rOAOBe - OCTpOBepXMM,
TaKOH )Ke rpSl3HbIM r BOMAOqHbIM KOAIIaK. HeOrrpSlTHaSl rraT-
AaTaSl 60pOAa CBMCaAa Ha rpYAb r rrpMKpbIBaSl Y3KMH BbIpe3
CepOM Py6axM M3 rpy60M TKaHM. 3a HeCKOAbKO IllarOB OT
AepBMIlla qYBCTBOBaACSI TSI)KeAbIH rHMAOCTHbIH 3arrax rrpo-
nOTeBIlleM OAe>KAbI M HeMbIToro TeAa. 113-rrOA KpaSl KOArra-
Ka Bpa>KAe6HO, rrO-3BepMHOMY 6AeCTeAM rAa3a. He60AbIIIOM
Kyp)KYM BMceA Ha rrAeqe r a B pyxe AepBMIll Aep)KaA TP(lAMQM-
OHHbIH rrocox - M3 KperrKoro AepeBa r C OCTpbIM MeTaJ\.AMqe-
CKMM HaKOHeqHMKOM. 3TO 6bIAO AOBOAbHO orraCHoe 0PY)KMe
B YMeAbIX pyxax r M B TO )Ke BpeMSI HepeAKO B HeM MMeAMCb
He60AbIIIMe TaMHMKM r YMeAO CKpbITbIe OT rrOCTopOHHero
B3rJUIAa. He60AbIIIOM CyqOK Mor BbIHMMaTbCSI, rrpMOTKpbIBaSl
eMKOCTb Af\.5I orrMYMa, raIIIMIlla MAM 3arrHCKM r KOTOpylO HY)K-
HO 6bIAO KOMY-TO rrepeAaTb B KOHQe rryrM.
AepBMIll Mor HATH B rpyrrrre C TaKMMM )Ke yrplOMbIMM
KaK H OH r Mor AOArHe COTHH BepCT HATM OAMH, rrMTa5lCb rro-
- 216-
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cTy ee 6bIAO C'beA06HO. HHKTO He 3HaeT, OTKYAa H KYAa OH
HAeT, Aa HHKTO ero 06 3TOM H He cnpallIHBaeT. OH HAH OT-
MaAqHBaeTCSI, HAH OTBeqaeT KOpOTKO HeBnonaA. A HHorAa
AepBHIlIH H caMH He 3HalOT, KYAa OHH HAyr, qTO 3aCTaBMleT
HX BCIO )l{H3Hb B yrplOMoM MOA qaHHH CKHTaTbCSI no nbIAb-
HbIM AoporaM A3HH...
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HeKOTopble M3 HMX 6pOAHT no CBOMM, TOAbKO MM M3BeCT-
HbIM, MapllIpyraM, HMKOMY He nOABAaCTHbIe, He npM3HalO-
rn;Me rpaHMD; M 3aKOHOB.
HenOHSlTHbIe, KOBapHble AIOAM. rOBOpSlT, OHM 6e3 JKaAO-
CTM MOryr y6MTb qeAOBeKa, KOTOpbIM qeM-TO He nOHpaBMACSI
MM, KPClAyr AeTeH, M3 KOTOpbIX rOTOBSlT ce6e 3aMeHY, npM-
yqaSl XOAMTb no ropHbIM AoporaM, rrpOCMTb MMAOCTbIHIO, He
MMeIOT HM AOMa, HM ceMbM. ECAH eCTb Y HMX XOTb KaKaSl-TO
D;eAb, TO nOqeMY 06 3TOM HMKTO He 3HaeT? Y Ka>KAoro Hapo-
Aa eCTb CBOM npeAaHMSI, naMSlTHMKM, KHMrM, MCTOpMSI. Y Aep-
BMllIeH HeT HMqero: HM xpaMOB, HM KHMr, HM AaJKe neceH. Ho
Bcex MX 06'beAMHSleT JKeAe3HaSl AMCD;MnAHHa. 110 yxa3aHMIO
CBoero HaCTaBHMKa Ka>KAbIH M3 HMX, He 3ClAYMbIBaSlCb, nOH-
AeT Ha CMepTb. <DaHaTMKM, llInMOHbI, ToprOBD;bI HapKOTMKa-
MM - HeKOTopbIe AepBMllIM OqeHb 60raTbI, HO 60raTCTBO HM-
KaK He OTpaJKaeTCSI Ha MX 06pa3e JKM3HM M 06AHKe.
- HeT, He COBeryro BaM, HMKaK He COBeryro CBSl3bIBaTbCSI
C 3TMMM TMnaMM. BcnOMHMTe XOTSI 6bI 0 rpM60eAOBe! - BOC-
KAHKHYA BaM6epM. - BcnOMHMTe, KaK 3BepCKM 6bIA y6MT OH
nepCMACKMMM cpaHaTMKaMM...
l1epeA Ka>KAOH noe3AKOM B APyryro CTpaHY l1allIMHo 06-
parn;aACSI B PyccKoe reorpacpMqeCKOe 06rn;ecTBo C npocb60M
cHa6AMTb ero TeM, qTO M3AaHO 06rn;ecTBoM 06 3TOH CTpaHe.
Co MHorMMM yqeHbIMM M nyrellIecTBeHHMKaMM OH 6bIA APY-
JKeH, qaCTO BCTpeqaACSI. KaK npaBMAo, l1allIMHo nOCbIAaAH
Bce HYJKHbIe eMY MaTepMaAbI, M qaCTO npMAaraAaCb 3anMCKa
ceKpeTapSl 06rn;ecTBa C rOpSlqeM 6AaroAapHocTbIO 3a npeA-
CTaBJUIeMbIe l1eTpoM 11BaHOBMqeM CBeAeHMSI M OTqeTbI 0 ny-
TellIeCTBMSlX.
B cpeBpaAe 1866 rOAa «no BbICOqaMllIeMY rocYAapSl MM-
nepaTopa nOBeAeHMIO» B TypKecTaHcKYIO 06AacTb 6bIAH
KOMaHAMpoBaHbI reHepaA-MaMOp A.11. POMaHoBcKMM M
cpAMreAb-ClA'bIOTaHT rpacp 11.11. BopOHD;oB-AallIKoB. BMecTe
C HMMM B KaqeCTBe AparoMaHa (nepeBOAqMKa) 6bIA oTnpaB-
AeH H l1eTp 11BaHOBMq.
OTHollIeHMSI l1eTpa 11BaHOBMqa C HaqaAbCTBOM He CKAa-
AbIBaAMCb. Ero nonbITKM BHyrIIMTb qMHOBHMKaM, qTO «fpSl3-
Hble a3MaTbI» TaKMe JKe AIOAM, KaK M Bce, a MHOfMe M3 HHX
YMHee M qeCTHee HarAbIX KOAoHM3aTopoB, pa3ApaJKaAH MX.
«OH CqMTaA COBepllIeHHO AHllIHMM McnOAHSlTb MOM nopyqe-
HMSI M B qeM-AH60 nOMoraTb MHe cepbe3HO. 3TO qeAOBeK CKO-
- 218-
PYCCKaH I1H.D:J1H
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pee ynpSlMbIH yqeHbIH,
He)l{eAH AMnAOMaT» -
TaK xapaKTepM30BaA
ero reHepaA POMaHOB-
CKMH, KOTOpbIH B KOHIJ;e
KOHIJ;OB npMKa3aA BW-
CAaTb nallIMHO M3 TallI-
KeHTa nOA KOHBoeM Ka-
3aKa, npMqeM CAeAaHO
3TO 6bIAO C TaKOM no-
cnelliHOCTblO, qTO na-
IlIMHO He CMor B351Tb C
C060M HM Bern;eM, HM Ae-
Her. «5I OTnpaBJUIIO Bac
M3 TallIKeHTa, - nMCaA
reHepaA, - KaK qeAOBe-
Ka He6AarOH(lAe)l{HOrO
M BpeAHoro AMI cAY)l{6bI
B TypKecTaHcKoH 06Aa-
CTM no CBOMM 06'bSlCHe-
HMSIM M CHOllIeHMSlM C ry3eMIJ;aMM, a paBHo M cY>KAeHMSlM 0
AeAax 3AelliHero KpaSl M AMIJ;, 3AeCb HaXOASIrn;MXCSI».
B neTep6ypr nallIHHo BepHYAcSI B MapTe 1867 rOAa H npM-
HSIACSI 3a 06pa60TKY CBOHX MaTepHaAOB no CpeAHeM A3MM.
Ho 60Ae3Hb 3(lAep)l{aAa BbIXOA B CBeT ero KHMrM... OceHblO C
HMM CAyqMACSI YAap. Ho M nOCAe AeqeHMSI OH BOAOqMA HOry,
XPOMaA, He Mor nMcaTb npaBOH PYXOM. OAHaKO )l{eAe3HaSl
BOJUI, e)l{eAHeBHbIe yroMMTeAbHbIe TpeHMpOBKM nOMOrAH
nepe60pOTb 60Ae3Hb; H B KOHIJ;e KOHIJ;OB, He COBceM nonpa-
BMBIlIHCb, OH COBepllIaeT ABa nyrellIecTBMSI B I1HAMIO M BO-
Kpyr CBeTa.
Ero nyrellIecTBMSI no I1HAMM M APyrMM CTpaHaM BOCTO-
Ka 6bIAH COBepllIeHbI B TO BpeMSI, KorAa pOCCMMCKoe 06rn;e-
CTBO MMeAO 06 3TMX CTpaHax OqeHb cMyrHbIe npeAcTaBAe-
HMSI. n03TOMY ny6AHKaIJ;MM n.I1. nallIMHO B PYCCKOM npec-
ce, OCHOBaHHbIe Ha AHQHbIX Ha6AIOAeHMSlx, 6bIAM oc06eHHo
Ba)l{HbI M nOAb30BaAHCb 3acAY)I{eHHbIM BHMMaHMeM.
PYCCKMM rryrellIecTBeHHHK n.I1. nallIMHO He 6bIA OCPM-
IJ;MaAbHbIM AMIJ;OM M nyrellIecTBMSI COBepllIaA no CBoeH HHM-
IJ;HaTMBe. npHqMHa, no KOTOpOM OH 3aCAY)l{HA npMCTaAbHOe
BHMMaHHe aHrAHMCKHX BAaCTeM, KpoeTCSI B MX pYCOcp06CKOM
-219-
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nOAHTHKe. OHH naHHqeCKH 605lAMCh npOABH)I(eHH5I PYCCKHX
K I1HAHHCKHM rpaHHIJ;aM qepe3 CpeAHlO1O A3HIO, TeM 60Aee
qTO B IlIHpOKHX CA05lX HHAHHCKOrO 06 eCTBa )l(HAa HeHC-
Tpe6HMa51 Bepa B TO, qTO H36aBAeHHe I1HAHH OT KOAOHHaAh-
HOrO nopa60 eHH5I rrpHAeT H3 POCCI1H. n03TOMY npH6hITHe
B I1HAHIO eABa AM He Ka>KAOrO PYCCKoro BCTpeqaAOCh BAa-
CT5IMH C nOA03peHHeM H HenpH5I3HhlO.
28 MaR 1874 roga. Pe310Me nOMO HHKa ceKpeTap51 ce-
KpeTHo-nOAMTHqeCKOrO OTAeAa I1HAHa, OcpHC 22, P. MHqeA-
Aa, COCTaBAeHHoe no BbIcTyIIAeHHIO B PYCCKOM reorpacpHqe-
CKOM 06 ecTBe n.l1. nallIHHO 0 CBoeH nonhITKe npoHTH B
1873 -1874 rOAax H3 I1HAHH B PYCCKHH TypKecTaH qepe3
KallIMHp H WeHTpaAhHyro A3HIO.
CeKpemHo-nOAumUlleCKUU omgeA Ng XCIX.
HegaBHo Ha 3acegaHuu PyccKoro reorpacjJullecKoro o6w,e-
cmBa nepeg 6oAbwOU aygumopueu BblcmynUA r-H nawuHo,
Komopblu paCCKa3GA 0 pe3YAbmamax cBoeu nonblmKU npou-
mu U3 UHgUU B PYCCKUU TypKecmaH llepe3 KawMup U l...{eH-
mpGAhHYlO A3UlO. OH omnpaBUAcR U3 CaHKIIl-nemep6ypra B
UlOHe 1873 roga U llepe3 BeHY U Tpuecm g06pGACR go AAeK-
caHgpuu, rge npuo6peA apa6CKoe l1Aambe U nponYCK, Komo-
pblM ygocmoBepRAoCb, llmo OH RBARemCR mypeu,KuM noggaH-
HblM U3 CMUpHbl. 3ameM ceA Ha Kopa6Ab, HanpaBARBWUUCR B
KGAhKymmy, ommyga no JKeAe3HOu gopore goexGA go AAAa-
xa6aga U 3ameM go lJaM6bl (B KaWMupe). TaM OH 6blA Ha He-
Komopoe BpeMR 3agepJKaH, HO nOCAe noe3gKu B Aaxop C oco-
60u u,eAblO go6umbcR nOMow,u om r-HaA3Buca B ero gGAbHeU-
weM nymewecmBuu r-H nawuHo npogOA/KUA nymewecmBue
nog BUgOM mypeu,Koro gOKIIlopa B l1AemeHOU AlOAbKe Ha cnu-
He CBoero cAyru.
bAarogapR npeKpaCHoMY 3HaHUlO nepcugcKoro U gpyrux
R3blKOB OH ycnewHo BblgaBGA ce6R 3a mypeu,Koro gOKIIlopa,
HO, Korga 3aMemUA, llmo ero nogo3peBalOm, nOMeHRACR Me-
cmaMU co CBOUM cAyrou, CHRA C ce6R BClO ogeJKgy, BblMa3GA-
CR OCAUHblM nOMemoM, llmo6bl npugamb meMHblU u,Bem CBO-
eii KOJKe, U cAegoBGA 3a CBOUM CA yrou, UMeR mOAbKO llGAMY Ha
rOAOBe U Ha6egpeHHYlO nOBR3KY.
B AapKXome ero Bce JKe Y3HGA acjJraHeu" KomopblU CKa3QA
eMY: « Tbl PYCCKUU, Komoporo R BugeA OgHQJKgbl B CaMapKaHge
- 220-
PYCCKa.H J1HJJ:J1.H
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C reHepGAOM KaycjJMaHOM. ECAU mbl He gawb MHe mblCJlllY PY-
6Aeu, R pa306AallY me6R nepeg BGAU». OH cgepJKGA CBoe CAOBO,
U naWUHO paCCKa3blBGA, llmo eMY ygGAOCb C6eJKamb om BGAU C
orpoMHblM mpygoM. OH ompul1,GA, llmo OH PYCCKUU, U nOHOCUA
CBOUX coomellecmBeHHUKOB. BGAU 3aRBUA, llmo OH go cMep-
mu 3a6bem KaMHRMU AlO60ro PyccKoro, Komopblu nonblmaem-
CR npuumu B ero cmpaHY. nawuHo mauHo nOKuHYA AapKXom,
a BGAU meM BpeMeHeM nOCAGA eMY BgoroHKY 60AbWYlO rpyn-
ny AlOgeu. 3mu AlOgu y6UAU Koro-mo B ropax, a co06w,eHue 06
3mOM Bbl3BGAO CAYXU B TaWKeHme 0 mOM, llmo naWUHO YMep
HaCUAbCI11.BeHHOU CMepmblO. 3mom PYCCKUU nymeWeCI11.BeH-
HUK, Komopblu OgHO BpeMR pa60mGA B MUHucmepcmBe UHO-
cmpaHHblX geA B CaHKIIl-nemep6ypre, no KaKou-mo npulluHe
6blA YBoAeH, g06pGACR B KOHl1,e KOHl1,OB CHOBa go Aaxopa U no-
KUHYA UHgUlO llepe3 Magpac U EOM6eu.
CmpaHa, KomopylO nocemUA r-H nawuHo, nuwem «Pyc-
CKUU MUP», OlleHb uHmepecHa, HO paccKa3 r-Ha nawuHo 0 ero
nymewecmBuu, K COJKGAeHUlO, He MOJKem 6blmb oily6AUKO-
BaH. «UKClleuHgJK ra3em», ogHaKo, omMellaem, llmo noAJ-i.blu
meKcm 3moro paccKa3a CKOpO nORBumCR B nellamu.
r-H nawuHo romOBumCR npegnpuHRmb HOBYlO nonblmKY,
OH HaMepeH, HecMompR Ha pUCK, npoumu om KaWMupa go
PYCCKoro TypKecmaHa.
UHgua ocjJuc, 28 MaR 1874 roga.
P06epm MUlleAA.
National Archives of India. Government of India. Foreign
Department, Secret, 1874, June, NQ 53.
no AOK)'MeHTaM, c06paHHhIM pOCCHHCKHMH yqeHhIMH,
MO>KHO rrpOCAeAHTh, KaK T aTeAhHO C06HpaAHCh cBeAeHH5I 0
ero rrpOIlIAOM Ae5lTeAhHOCTH, YCTaHaBAHBaAHCh AHqHhIe CB5I-
3H, KaK ocy eCTBA5IAC5I Ha30MAHBhIM, Ka>KAOAHeBHhIM HClA-
30p 3a Ka>KAhIM ero llIarOM. YHHOBHHK AerrapTaMeHTa HHO-
CTpaHHhIX AeA XeHBeH HMeHyeT ero «orraCHOH AHqHOCThlO»,
reHepaA-ry6epHaTOp VIHAHH rrHllIeT B 1875 rOAY, qTO «ero
rrpHcyrcTBHe B cTpaHax, KOTophIe OH HaMepeH rroceTHTh,
MO>KeT BhI3BaTh cy ecTBeHHoe HeYA06cTBO». B n.VI. OallIl1-
HO 6e3 BC5IKHX oCHoBaHHM BI1MIT rroA03pHTeAhHoro corA51Aa-
Ta5l, BhIcMaTpHBalO ero rryrH M5I B03MO>KHOrO BTOp>KeHH5I
PYCCKHX BOMCK B VIHAHIO. BAacTH oc06eHHo 03a60qeHhI TeM,
-221-
H.H. HerroMHH J1M
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AHH B PYCCKHH TYPKeCTaH, H 3anpeTI1AI1 eMY nepeCeKaTh ce-
BepHYIO rpaHH Y 6pHTaHCKHX BAClAeHHH.
Bo BpeM5I nyrernecTBHH n.11. narnl1HO, 6YAyqH He BnOA-
He 3AOPOBhIM (y Hero 6hIAH qaCTHqHO napaAH30BaHhI npa-
BbIe pyxa H Hora) , COBeprnaA nOAHhIe onaCHOCTeM T5I)KeAhIe
nepeXOAbI, I1HorAa nOnClAaA B TpYAHhIe cHrya I1H 11 6bIBaA
Ha rpaHH rl16eAM. CBOMCTBeHHhIe eMY H306peTaTeAhHOCTh
11 HaXOAqHBOCTh HepeAKO nOMOraAl1. narnHHO npl1XOAHAOCh
MaCKHpOBaTh CBOIO BHernHOCTh, nepeOAeBaThC5I apa60M HAH
BhIAaBaTb ce651 3a TYPe Koro AOKTopa. CAyqaAOCh, qTO ero
npeAnpHHMqHBOCTh nepeXOAI1Aa B aBaHTlOpH3M, OCHOBaH-
HbIM, BnpOqeM, Ha Tpe3BOM paCqeTe. TaK, yqHThIBa5l, qTO KO-
pOAb EHpMbI 3aHHTepeCOBaH B COlO3HHKax B CB5I3H C yrpo-
30H aHrAI1MCKOrO nopa60 eHH5I, narnHHO, nyrerneCTBY5I B
1876 rOAY C ChIHOM Kyn a-MHAAI10Hepa E.A. XAYAOBhIM, BbI-
AaA ce651 3a PyccKoro apHcToKpaTa, npH6hIBrnero B EHPMY
C nopyqeHHeM OT HMnepaTopa POCCHH. narnHHo 11 XAYAOBY
6hIA OpraHI130BaH KopoAeBcKHM npHeM, OHH nOAyql1AM no
500 PynHM, HO 6bIAH pa306AaqeHhI, XOT5I Bce KOHqHAOCh M5I
HHX 6AaronoAyqHo, TaK KaK 6HpMaHcKHH npeMhep nepeAaA
C narnHHo nHCbMO M5I BoeHHoro MHHHcTpa POCCI1I1.
To 06CT05lTeAbCTBo, qTO narnHHo 6hIA B KOH<pAI1KTe C
O<pH HaAhHOH PoccHeM, )KHA cAyqaMHbIMH 3apa60TKaMH,
B KOH e KOH OB OCTaAC5I 6e3 cpeAcTB K cy ecTBOBaHI1IO H
neHC1111 H Mor AerKO npeAcTaBHTh Tparl1qeCKI1M KOHe , KO-
TOphIH ero AeHCTBHTeAbHO O)KHAaA, TOAKHYAO ero Ha nocry-
nOK, KOTOphIH eABa AH corAaCOBhIBaAC5I C ero y6e>KAeHH5I-
MH: OH npeMO)KHA CBOH YCAyrH aHrAMqaHaM, COrAarna5lCh
nocrynHTh K HHM Ha cAY)K6y. TPYAHO CeMqaC o eHHTh Bce
acneKTbI 3Toro nocrynKa: 6hIAO AH 3TO pe3YAhTaToM 3apaHee
06AYMaHHoro perneHH5I, BhInOAH5IAAM OH qhe-AH60 3ClAaHHe,
HAM eMY XOTeAOCh 3apyqHThc5I nOMep)KKOM BAaCTeM M5I
OqepeAHOH MI1CTH<pHKa HH - Teneph YCTaHOBI1Th BP5lA AM
B03MO)KHO. XapaKTepHO, qTO aHrAHMCKHe BAaCTH OTHeCAHCh
K 3TOMY npeMO)KeHHIO OqeHh HaCTOpO)KeHHO 11 He npHH5IAI1
ero. 11x OTHorneHHe K narnHHO He H3MeHHAOCh H BnOCAeA-
CTBI1H: BO BpeM5I ero HOBoro nyrerneCTBH5I, B 1876 rOAY, ero
nO-npe)KHeMY CqHTaAH He)KeAaTeAbHhIM rOCTeM B aHrAMM-
CKHX BAClAeHI151x. OarnHHo Teneph BhI3hIBaA Aa)Ke ern;e 60Ah-
rnee nOA03peHHe, xapaKTepH30BaAC5I KaK «qpe3BhIqaMHO
-222-
PYCCKaH J1H.D:J1H
=
=
OnaCHa51 AHqHOCTb», 3a HHM CAeAHAH C e e 60AbilleH Ha30M-
AHBOCTblO.
17 cjJeBpOAR 1879 roga. nHCbMO ceKp'eTap51 no I1HOCTpaH-
HbIM AeAaM npaBI1TeAbCTBa MHAHH A.K. J\aHeAAa nOAI1Tl1qe-
CKOMY ceKpeTaplO BHu;e-KOpOAH MHAHH B EOM6ee K. TOHHe
o He06xoAHMOCTH on03HaHI151 n.M. naIIlHHO H T aTeAbHo-
ro Ha6AIOAeHH5I 3a ero AeHCTBH5IMH B EOM6ee C u;eAblO He-
Aony eHI151 ero npOHI1KHOBeHH5I B TY3eMHbIe KH5I)KeCTBa.
KaAbKymma.
Mou goporou C3p!
CerogHR BbZ nOAytzume meAerpaMMY, KacalO YlOcR Pyc-
CKoro r-Ha naUluHo, Komoporo OJKugalOm B EOM6ee. }l Ha-
gelOcb, llmo llUHoBHuK-eBponeeu, U3 neHgJKa6a YJKe npU6blA,
llmo6bz ycmaHoBumb ero AUllHocmb.
naUluHo gOA/KeH 6blA nOKuHymb KOHcmaHmUHOnOAb
5 cjJeBpC1A5l Ha «MeccaJKepbe MapumuM» U omnpaRumbcR B
AAeKcaHgpulO, 3ameM B EOM6eu U gQAee B neUlaBap. UHorga
OH nymeUlecmByem B BocmollHou ogeJKge, HO, KaK HaM coo6-
UAU, OH nymeUlecmByem ceullac KaK KoppecnoHgeHm pyc-
CKOU ra3embZ «rOAOC», U MbZ nOKa He YBepeHbZ, B KaKOM 06AU-
llbe OH nORBumCR Ha 3mom pa3. Ero 6ygem cOnpOBOJKgamb
nOARK no UMeHU naYAb lJouKa, U ecmb OCHOBaHUR npegnoAa-
ramb, llmo lJouKa, B03MOJKHO, He OmKQJKemCR compygHullamb
c 6pumaHCKUMU BAacmRMU, eCAU 06ecnellumb B03MOJKHOCmb
gAR npUBamHOU 6ecegbz UAU KOHmaKl1la nogo6Horo poga MeJK-
gy HUM U AUllHO C3pOM (/).CoymepoM UAU KaKUM-Au60 gpyruM
llUHOBHUKOM, KomopbZU CMor 6bZ Becmu 3mo geAo C gOA/KHOU
npoHuu,ameAbHOCmblO U 6Aaropa3YMueM. A106aR nOAytzeHHaR
UHcjJopMau,UR gOA/KHa 6bzmb nepegaHa MHe UAU Mauopy reH-
gepCOHY B AeAU UAU Aaxop. C3p (/). Coymep 6ygem 3Hamb ero
agpec.
rAaBHaR HaUla u,eAb B EOM6ee - ycmaHoBumb AUllHocmu
3mux gBYX AlOgeu U nOMeUlamb UM npoHuKHymb B UHgUlO 6e3
Hag30pa. Korga OHU 6ygym on03HaHbZ, cAegyem gepJKamb UX
nog cmporUM Ha6AlOgeHueM, HO He BMeUlUBambCR B UX geu-
cmBUR KaKUM-Au60 gpyruM 06pa30M. ECAU OHU OmKaJKymcR
npU3HambCR B mOM, Kl1l0 OHU Ha caMOM geAe, cAegyem ycma-
HOBumb 3a HUMU 60Aee m ameAbHOe Ha6AlOgeHue, a eCAU
OHU OmKaJKymcR omBellamb Ha AlO6bze BonpOCbZ UAU B03HUK-
-223-
H.H. HerrOMHHIJJ:J1J1
=
=
Hym KaKUe-AU60 gpyrue mpygHocmu, cAegyem npegynpe-
gumb ux, llmO npaBUmeAbCmBO BblHYJKgeHo 6ygem ucnOAb-
30Bamb CBOlO BAaCmb U BblgBopumb UX U3 CmpaHbl. HeAb3R
gonycmumb, llmo6bl OHU npOHUKAU B mY3eMHble KHR)J(eCmBa
llepe3 Eapogy UAU Xaugapa6ag.
r-H naUlUHO cpegHero pocma, OKOAO 40 Aem, meMHOBOAO-
CblU, c He6oAbUlOU 60pOgKOU U ycaMu, CAerKa npuxpaMblBaem.
UCKpeHHe BaUl (nognucb) A.K. AaueAA.
National Archives of India. Government of India. Foreign
Department, Secret, Proceedings, 1879, September, NQ 186-
250, Monsieur Pachino.
n.VI. nallIHHo, co cBoeH CTOpOHbI, BeChMa pe3Ko OT3hI-
BaAC5I 06 aHrAHMCKOM rocnOACTBe B VIHAHH, C rAy60KI1M co-
qYBcTBHeM nl1CaA 0 npOCTOlVI HHAHHCKOM AlOAe, 3ClAaBAeH-
HOM aHrAHHcKHMH HaAOraMH, 0 HClAMeHHOCTI1 aHrAHqaH, OT-
HOCI1BllIHXC5I K nopa60 eHHoMY HapoAY C BhIcoKoMepHhIM
npe3peHHeM. C YAoBAeTBopeHHeM OTMeqaA OH HapaCTaHl1e
HapOAHoro npoTecTa npoTHB aHrAHMCKOrO rocnOACTBa.
nOAroToBKa K «npHeMY» nallII1HO B VIHAHH BeAaCh C
60AbllIOH 3HeprHeH: T aTeAhHO pa3hICKHBaAHCb AHu;a, C KO-
TOphIMH OH 6hIA 3HaKOM, M5I ero on03HaHI151 B cAyqae HeAe-
raAbHOrO B'be3Aa 6bIAH pa3MHO>KeHhI ero nopTpeThI, MeCT-
HhIM BAaCT5IM OTAaHhI CTpOrl1e pacnOp5l>KeHH5I 0 T aTeAb-
HOM Ha6AlOAeHHH 3a HHM.
Ho oTKYAa aHrAHqaHe nOAyqHAH cBeAeHH5I, KOTophIe TaK
HX BCTpeBO>KHAH? VI3yqeHHe apXHBHhIX AOK)'MeHToB npl1Be-
AO K BhIBOAY 0 TOM, qTO nallIHHO caM pacnpOCTpaHHA TaKHe
CAYXH. MHoroKpaTHo HcnhITaB Ha ce6e, qTO 03HaqaeT xpo-
HHqeCKHM HeAyr aHrAo-HHAHMCKHX BAacTeH - PYCOcp06H5I,
OH OCTPOYMHO pelliHA Ha HeM chIrpaTh H nOllieA Ha MI1CTH-
cpHKaU;HlO, qeTKO paCCqHTaB ee cOBepllIeHHO 6e3BpeAHhIe
M5I Hero caMoro pe3YAbTaThI. PacnYCTHTh CAYX M5I Hero He
COCTaBHAO TpYAa, aHrAHqaHe npOrAOTHAH Ha>KHBKY, H OTAa-
>KeHHa51 MallIHHa aHrAHMCKOrO ChICKa 3apa60TaAa Ha nOA-
HYlO MO HOCTh. Aa>Ke nallIHHO He Mor, nO-BHAI1MOMY, B nOA-
HOH Mepe npeACTaBHTh, KaKOM OH BhI3BaA nepenOAOX. 0 ero
AHqHOCTH H «nAaHax» 6hIAO AOAO>KeHO BHu;e-KOpoAIO, MHHH-
CTpaM no AeAaM VIHAHH H HHOCTpaHHhIX AeA. n.VI. nallIHHO
6hIA 6hI, HeCOMHeHHO, BeChMa nOAb eH, eCAH 6hI Y3HaA, Ka-
- 224-
PYCCKaH J1HJ{J1H
=
=
Koe 3HaqeHHe npl1AaBaAH ero oc06e 3TH rOCYAapCTBeHHbIe
Ae5lTeAH.
AOK)'MeHTbI, KOTOpbIMH OHI1 06MeHI:fBaAHCb, pa3pa6a-
TbIBa51 nAaH npeCeqeHH5I «aKIJ;HH» OaIlIHHO, IJ;eHHbI npe>KAe
Bcero TeM, qTO paCKpbIBalOT BCIO rAy6HHY Bpa>KAe6HOCTI1 K
POCCHH H BceMY PYCCKOMY, KOTOpa51 6bIAa xapaKTepHa M5I
aHrAHHCKHX npaB5I HX KpyrOB Toro BpeMeHH.
K OallIHHO 6bIA npHCTaBAeH CneIJ;HaAbHbIli KOHCTe6Ab
113 aHrAMMCKoro KOHCYAbCTBa B KaHpe no cpaMHAMH Kpo-
3H, cpHKcHpOBaBllIl1H Ka>KAbIM ero llIar, qTO 6bIAO He TaK Y>K
CAO>KHO, nOCKOAbKY OallIl1HO H He A)'MaA CKpbIBaTbC5I. Kpo-
3H C HeAo)'MeHHeM nHCaA B CBoeM OTqeTe: «3TOT A>KeHTAb-
MeH HHKorAa He nbITaAC5I MaCKl1pOBaTbC5I KaKHM-AH60 06pa-
30M». LJyrb AM He e>KeAHeBHO OH OTKpbITO npHXOAI1A B pOC-
CHHCKoe KOHCYAbCTBO B AAeKcaHAPHH, npHcyrcTBOBaA Ha
3BaHbIX 06eAax, KYAa npHrAallIaAC5I nepCOHaA 3Toro KOH-
CYAbCTBa, HO Aa>Ke TaKHe OqeBHAHbIe Heco06pa3HOCTH B no-
BeAeHHH «onaCHoro IlInHOHa» He n06YAHAM aHrAHqaH nepe-
cMOTpeTb CBoe OTHOllIeHl1e K HeMY.
O.VI. OallIHHO >Ke BpeM5I OT BpeMeHH nOAOrpeBaA Ha-
np5l>KeHl1e, nepeAaB aHrAl1qaHaM qepe3 CBoero cnyrHHKa
O. LJOMKY KHHry, KOTOPYIO 51K06bI HcnOAb30BaA M5I IlIHcp-
pOBKH AOHeceHHH, H pacnYCKa51 CAYXI1 0 TOM, qTO BCKope
A0J\)l(eH nOAyqHTb AeHbrH M5I npOAOJ\)l(eHH5I nyrellIeCTBH5I
B VIHAI1IO.
MHCTHcpHKaIJ;H5I 51BHO YAaAaCb OaIlIHHO, KOTOpbIH 60Aee
Tpex MeC5IIJ;eB AypaqHA aHrAHqaH. 28 Ma51 caM BHIJ;e-KOpOAb
VIHAI1I1 3anpOCHA no TeAerpacpy aHrAMHcKoro reHepaAbHOrO
KOHcYAa B KaHpe K. BHBHaHa, He nOKHHYA AM e e OallIHHO
ErHneT, H paCnOp5lAHAC5I «He Tep5lTb ero 113 BHAY». Ho Y>Ke
Ha ApyrOM AeHb - 29 Ma51 - OallIHHO nOKHHYA AAeKcaH-
APHIO, OTnpaBHBllIl1Cb He B VIHAHIO, a 06paTHO B KOHCTaHTH-
HonOAb, rAe 6bIA CAaH, TaK CKa3aTb, «c pyx Ha PYKH» - nOA
Ha6AIOAeHHe aHrAMMCKoro nOCAa A.X. J\aMapAa. MHHHCTp
I1HOCTpaHHbIX AeA COAc6epH TaK>Ke 6bIA H3Be eH 06 3TOM
«Ba>KHOM» C06bITHH. AHrAHqaHe MorAH B3AoXHyrb C 06Aer-
qeHHeM. B03MO>KHO, KTO-HH6YAb H3 HHX Y>Ke AOrClAaAC5I, qTO
OHI1 CTaAH >KepTBaMH llIyrKH, HO cpHKcHpoBaTb 3TO B AOKY-
MeHTax HHKTO He CTaA. HaCKOAbKO HaM 113BeCTHO, OaIlIH-
HO He CTaA 06 3TOM pacnpOCTpaH5ITbC5I, TeM 60Aee qTO OH He
Mor 3HaTb Bcex nOCAeACTBHM CBoeM npoAeAKH.
-225-
H.H. HerroMH.H J1M
=
=
19 CeHT5I6p51 1873 rOAa OallIl1HO npH6hIA Ha napoxoAe B
EOM6eM, oTTYAa HanpaBHAC5I B AMpHTcap, rAe CAeAaA HeKO-
TophIe nOKynKH M5I AaAhHeHIlIHx cTpaHcTBHM. VI3 AMpHT-
capa npoexaA K aMMY, MHMO CAoHoXpaHHAI1rn;a Mara-
paA>KH. OHO npeACTaBAHAO C060H 60AhllIYIO TeppHTopHlO,
06HeceHHYIO cTeHoH, rAe cOAep)l(aAOCh AO 150 CAOHOB, KO-
TOphIX e)l(eAHeBHO BOAHAH Ha «Ae)l(ypcTBO H nOKAOHeHHe
MarapClA)I(e» .
B Eap3HAe nallIHHo KynHA OCAa, HarpY3HA Ha Hero no-
)l(HTKH H BABoeM C HaH5IThIM B TOM ropOAe npOBOAHHKOM
A6AYAAOM- TaHH OTnpaBHAC5I B AaAhHeHllIl1M nyrh. lllAH Ha
60AbllIOH BhICOTe no Y3KOH TponHHKe, qaCTO eABa npOCMa-
TpHBaeMOH. «no HeH MhI nAeAHCh u;eAbIH AeHh, nOAO)l(HTeAh-
HO Aenl1AHCh, - nHllIeT OaIlII1HO. - OAHaKO )I( 6AaronoAyq-
HO npOIliAH 3TOT OTqa5lHHbIM nyrh, Ha KOTOpOM 51, KaK XpO-
MOH H 6e3PYKHH, HeCKOAhKO pa3 Kpl1qaA, B3AhIXaA 11 CTOHaA,
He HMe51 B03MO)l(HOCTH BhIpa3HTh HHaqe CBOH CTpClAaHH5I...
HeCKOAbKO pa3 51 06phIBaAC5I H nClAaA Ca)l(eHH Ha TPH, nOTOM
B36HpaAC5I, XBaTa5lCh 3a KOAIQqKH BhlOHOB, pacryrn;HX no 06-
PbIBY, BHH3Y KOToporo 6hIAa 6eCKOHeqHa51 nponacTh... 3Aech
HeT HH ceAeHHM, HH AepeBYllIeK, HeT pellII1TeAhHO HHqerO;
TOAbKO rAe-TO BHH3Y, B nponaCTH, )l(ypqHT 1111I)'MHT ropHhIM
pyqeM. BhlOrH H 6ypaHhI He npeKparn;aAHCh - llIeA H05l6ph
MeC5IU;, H B ropax YCTaHOBHAaCh Y)I(e 3HMa...»
OepelliAH HerAy60KHH B 3TO BpeM5I rOAa VIHA 11 AaAee, no
6epery peKH rl1ArHT, BOIliAH B ropOA rI1ArHT.
neTp VIBaHOBHq BO BpeM5I nepeXOAa Trn;aTeAhHO BhInOA-
H5IA Bce MYCYAhMaHCKHe 06p5lAhI. LJaAMa Ha rOAOBe, nOB5I3-
Ka Ha 6eApax, npOCThIH5I qepe3 nAeqO, caHAaAHH Ha Aepe-
B5IHHOH nOAOIliBe - OH BhIAaBaA ce651 3a TYpKa. OOABOAHAa
ero CBeTAa51 KO)l(a, H OH CTapaTeAhHO 06Ma3hIBaAC5I «BC5IKOM
BCTpeqHOM rp5l3hlO» 11 HI1 pa3Y He MhIAC5I BO BpeM5I nyrellIe-
CTBH5I. Ho 3TO He nOMorAO, ero Y3HaA acpraHeu;, BCTpeqaB-
IlIHH ero B TaIlIKeHTe. OH HeMeMeHHO AOHec KYAa cAeAyeT,
11 nallIHHO co cAyroM nOBeAH K BepXOBHOMY npaBHTeAIO -
BaAH. «51 HcnyraAC5I Y)I(aCHeMllIl1M 06pa30M, nOAara5l, qTO Y)I(
KOHeu; )l(H3HH npl111IeA», - BcnOMHHaeT OaIlIHHO.
20 cjJeBpC1A5l (3 Mapma) 1876 roga. DHchMo E.A. XAYAoBa
OTU;Y A.VI. XAYAOBY 0 CBoeM nyrellIecTBHH no l1HAHH B co-
npOBO>KAeHI1H 0.11. OaIlIHHO.
-226-
PYCCKa.H J1HLJ:J1.H
=
=
KQAbKymma.
Aoporoii nanawa!
Cnewy n03gpaBumb Bac c gHeM BaUlero AHreAa u nOJKe-
Aamb BaM Bcero Ap-lwero Ha cBeme.
B KQAbKymmy npU6blA c HegeAlO mOMY Ha3ag. no gopore
B KQAbKymmy 3ae3JKQA B A;K106eAbnyp, KaBeHnyp, AeKHay u
EeHapec. KaBeHnyp u AeKHay 3aMellameAbHbl BoccmaHueM B
1857 rogy cunaeB (npaBumeAbcmBeHHblX cOAgam U3 mY3eM-
u,eB), om KomopblX aHrAullaHaM goCmQAOCb nopRgKOM. AeK-
Hay OlleHb KpacuB gBopu,aMu MarapagJKeii (u,apeii), KomopblX
B HHguU e e MHoro. B A)l{106eAbnype 3aMellameAbHble Mpa-
MopHble CKQAbl UAU, cKopee, ropbl; OHU 6eAbl KaK CHer. MeJKgy
;
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AepBUUlU. XygOJKHUK B.B. Bepel1l,aruH
-227-
H.H. HerrOMH.HIJJ:J1M
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CKGAaMU npOmeKaem CBRmaR peKa Hap6ygga. B OgHOM Me-
cme nagaem 60AhUlUM BogonagoM. npoe3goM u3,4;K106eAb-
nypa K CKGAaM $I. YBUgGA MHOJKeCmBO ugyw,ero no mOMY JKe Ha-
npaBAeHUlO Hapoga C nGAKaMU Ha l1AellQX, K KOHl1,aM KomopbLX
npUKpel1AeHO no Kop3UHe. «l.Jmo maKoe?» - cnpaUlUBalO na-
UlUHO. « 3mo ljJOKYCHUKU!» - OmBellGA OH. 3axomeAOCb MHe
nOCMompemb cjJOKYCHUKOB. 30BeM UX - He nogxogRm. Cnpa-
UlUBalO Kyqepa: «nOlleMY OHU He nogxogRm?» «OHU U He no-
gougym, - omBellaem OH. - 3mo JKe 60rOMOAbl1,bl, Komopble
ugym Ha nOKAOHeHUe K CBRmblM MecmaM». Jl nOCMompeA Ha
naUlUHO U pacxOXOmGACR. OHU OmnpaBMlAUCb K meM JKe CKa-
AaM Ha nOKAOHeHUe U YMOBeHue K peKe Hap6ygga. Jl npoexGA
MUMO HUX U MeJKgy gBYX CKGA Ha caMoii gopore YBUgGA mpex
gepBuUleii, CUgRW,UX U AeJKaw,ux (Ha gepeBRHHbLX KpoBamRX)
Ha mopllaw,ux Ha gBa BepUlKa ocmpblx rBo3gRX, KomopblMu
yceRHa BCR KpoBamb. ABoe cugeAu, a mpemuu cnGA. Jl BbLAe3
U3 3KUnaJKa U nogoUleA nocMompemb n06AUJKe. rBo3gu 6bLAU
ocmpbl, U OHU cugeAu U AeJKGAU Ha HUX, KaK 6ygmo nog HUMU
HUllero He 6bLAO. rB03gu UMeAU OguH om gpyroro BepUlOK pac-
cmORHUR. Jl KUHYA gepBuUlaM geHer. B 3mo BpeMR CIlRw,uu
npOCHYACR, 3eBHYA U C HacAIDKgeHueM nomRHYAcR, U 3mo Bce
Ha ocmpbLX rBo3gRX, llmo MeHR nopa3UAO; $I. KaK mOAhKO npu-
eXGA gOMOU, mo U HapUCOBGA UX Ha naMRmb. Bbl YBugume
caMU. KpOBU He BUgGA.
EeHapec caMblu cBRw,eHHblU ropog uHgyCOB, maM HaCllU-
mblBalOm 60Aee 5000 xpaMoB. Jl 6bLA B HeKomopbLX. no CAY-
llalO npa3gH UKOB Hapogy 6bLAO MHOJKeCmBO. Jl nOJKeAGA OCMO-
mpemb xpaMbl. ABoe npoBogHuKoB U npegynpegumeAbHble
nOAuu,eucKue gocmaBUAu MHe gocmyn B xpaMbl, a geHbru -
B GAmapu. XpaM uHgyCCKUU cocmoum U3 gBYX llacmeu: gBO-
pa U GAmapR. Bo gBope HenpeMeHHo cBRw,eHHblu KOAoge3b,
MHOJKeCmBO UgOAOB - cmamyu cBRw,eHHblX, JKUPHblX, om-
KopMAeHHblx go 6eUleHcmBa KOpOB U 6blKOB pa3Hblx u,BemOB.
Tym JKe nOKa3blBalOm u3YKpaUleHHYlO caMYlO cBRw,eHHYlO KO-
POBY 0 6 Hor; K Heu npUKAagblBalOmcR. EAarogapR 6paMuHaM
$I. YBUgGA U GAmapu, U OHU 6e3 BCRKOU u,epeMoHuu BblrOHRAU
60rOMOAhu,eB U3 GAmapeu, MGAeHbKUX meMHblX nOMew,eHuu,
U Mbl B gBepRx MorAU Bugemb rAaBHoro ugoAa. 3mo He6oAb-
UlOU KaMeHb B guaMempe 4 BepUlKa... MHe 06'bRCHUAU, llmo B
3mOM KaMHe cugum gyx CUAbl, om Komoporo 6Aarogamb. Ha
3mom KaMeHb AblOm 6AaroBoHHble MaCAa, AhlOm BOgy, 6poca-
- 228-
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EapKa MQXapag)J(u EeHapeca. XygO)J(HUK 3. BUKC
10m u,Bembl caMble gyUlucmble. Ha gBope xpaMa cugeA gep-
BUUl, npaBaR PYKa ero 6blAa BblCOKO nogHRma, a B AeBOu. OH
gepJKGA JKeAe3Hblu. mpe3y6eu,; OH B maKOM nOAOJKeHUU cugum
geHb U HOllb. MHe rOBopUAu, eCAU 6bl OH 3axomeA corHymb
CBOlO PYKY, mo OH 3moro cgeAamb 6bl He Mor nomOMY, ll.mo
pYKa ero OKocmeHeAa.
EblA B xpaMe CBRlll,eHHbLX 06e3bRH (OHU mOJKe CllumalOm-
CR CBRlll,eHHblMU JKUBOmHblMU). Ha gBope xpaMa MHOJKeCmBO
pyqHblX omKopMAeHHblX 06e3bRH, 60AbUlUX U MGAeHbKUX, R
gGA UM AaKOMcmBO, HO OHU ecmb He cmGAU - maK Cblmbl; B
GAmape cugeA ugOA, KOmOpblu. UMeA cjJOPMY 06e3bRHbl.
Hac npu oCMompe QAInapeu. YKpaUlGAU CBRlll,eHHblMU BeH-
KaMU C UgOAOB. MHe nOCOBemOBGAU B ceMb llaCOB ympa npo-
examb no raHry (CBRlll,eHHOu. peKe), U R He paCKaRACR, ll.mo no-
eXGA. ropog EeHapec paCnOAOJKeH Ha 3mOu. CaMOu. peKe, OH
cmoum Ha rope U UMeem BMecmo Ha6epeJKHOu. AecmHuu,y, KO-
mopaR CI1AOUlHOU. MaCCOu. Ha paccmORHUU 5-6 Bepcm cny-
CKaemCR K peKe (m. e. BgOAb Bcero ropoga). BblexaB Ha cepe-
gUHY peKU, R 6blA nOpaJKeH KpaCOmOu. ropoga. XpaMbl C 30-
AomblMU rAaBaMU 6AUCmGAU B BblUluHe, no AecmHuu,e 6blAO
paCnOAOJKeHO mOJKe MHoro MGAeHbKUX, OlleHb KpaCUBOu. ap-
xumeKIIlypbl, xpaMoB U gBa rpoMagHblx, AeJKalll,ux BO BClO gAu-
HY AecmHuu,bl ugoAa B 30AOll.eHbLX KopoHax (3muM ugoAaM no-
- 229-
H. H. HerrOMH.Hlll:J1M
=
=
KllOHRlOmCR )J{eHw,UHbl U npOCRm Y HUX gapoBamb UM gemeu).
Ha AecmHuu,e Ha npomR)J{eHuu 5 Bepcm KonOUlUAUCb mblCRllU
UHgyCOB, Komopble KynQAUCb B raHre. MY)J{llUHbl, )J{eHw,UHbl,
gemu, 6orallu, 6egHRKu, gepBuUlu, 6paMuHbl - Bce BMecme.
Hr3 Bce ogemble, KaK OHU 06blKHoBeHHo xogRm. Bgpyr ne-
peg AOgKOU, Ha Komopou R eXQA, nOKa3QACR lleu-mo xpe6em,
nomOM nOKa3QACR XBocm, U )J{UBomHoe UClle3AO. «l.jmo ma-
Koe?» - cnpaUlUBQA. «KpOKOgUA (OAAuramop)>>, - omBella-
AU MHe. «OmllerO UX He YHUllmO)J{alOm?» - cnpocUA R. «OHU
cBRw,eHHbl», - OmBellQA cepgumo MOU npoBogHUK-UHgyC. 113
EeHapeca noeXQA B KaAbKymmy. KaAbKymma 60AbUle EOM-
6eR, OHa pa3geARemcR peKOU raHrOM Ha gBa ropoga - XOB-
py U KaAbKymmy. HaceAeHue mY3eMu,eB pa3Hoo6pa3HO. KaK
B EOM6ee napcu, maK 3gecb 6a6y (o6pa30BaHHblU UHgyC) 3a-
HUMaem rAaBHYlO pOAb. OI11AUllUmb ero OlleHb AerKO. Ea6y xo-
gRm Bcerga C HenOKpblmou rOAOBOU. BCR moprOBAR B UX pYKax.
OHU 3aHUMalOm oljJuu,UaAbHble gOA.)J(HOCmU, U Bce CAY)J{aw,ue
Ha )J{eAe3HblX goporax 6a6y. AHrAullaHe OlleHb 3a6omRmCR 0
pa3BegeHuu cagoB Boo6w,e BO Bcex ropogax, a B KQAbKymme
ecmb 60Aee 7 rpoMagHblx cagoB.
[]UUly 3mo nUCbMO nog rpoMoM U MOAHUelO. Bom y)J{e gBa
gHR, KaK 3gecb rpo3a. OHa 6blAa OlleHb CUAbHa cerogHR HO-
llblO. MOAHUR 6AUCmQAa, He npepblBaRCb HU ceKYHgbl B npo-
gOA.)J(eHUe 3/ 4 llaca, U nocAegHuu ygap 6blA OlleHb 6AU30K om
HaUleu rocmuHuu,bl, OH pa36UA B nRmugecRmu Ularax om Hee
MQAeHbKUU gOMUK! []OCAe 3moro rp03a cmUXAa, HO ew,e U me-
nepb ympoM CAblUlamCR nepeKambl rpOMa.
ToprOBAR XAonKOM B KaAbKymme He npou3BogumCR. Top-
rylOm onuYMoM, uHguro, llaeM, UleAAaKOM U UleAKOM. AeAa
3gecb I1AOXU, Bce )J{QAYlOmcR.
AHrAullaHe 60RmcR PYCCKUX U nUUlym B ra3emax cmambU
o npuHRmuu cUAbHeuUlux Mep gAR YKpeI1AeHUR ceBepHblx
rpaHuu, 11HgUU U 3aHRmUR caMUM AljJraHucmaHa. []OAO)J{U-
meAbHO, OHU mpycRm.
Om AeKKepa nOAJ11luA nepeBog, no KomopoMY nOAJ11lUA
3339 pynuu (£ 300).
3gopoBbe Moe XOpOUlO, 3a6blA BaM Hanucamb, llmo e3gUA
U3 KaAbKymmbl B lllaHgapHarop, cjJpaHu,Y3cKYlO KOAOHUlO,
llac e3gbl om KQAbKymmbl, rge 6blA npuHRm OlleHb XOpOUlO y
maMOUlHero ry6epHamopa, reHepQAa (/)epbe, C KomopblM Hac
n03HaKOMUA 3geUlHuu 60rall, reHepaAbHblU KOHCYA AaMOpy.
- 230-
PYCCKa.H MHJJ:J1.H
=
=
KOAOHUR cocmoum U3 30 mblC. lleAOBeK, Bce UHgyCbl KamOAU-
lleCKoro BepoucnoBegaHuR U rOBopRm no-cjJpaHu,Y3cKU. ropog
cmoum Ha peKe raHr.
Jl Bble3)J{alO U3 KaAbKymmbl 6-ro cero MecRu,a B PaHryH
(EpumaHCKUU EupMaH). CMompemb B KaAbKymme, npaBO,
Hellero. CmapQACR gocmamb 3geUlHux ceMRH, HO npoga)J{HblX
Hem, a HallaAbHUKU 60maHUlleCKUX cagoB xomR U o6elll,QAu
npUCAamb, HO go CUX nop He npUCAQAU. CKa)J{ume OAe, llmo
ceMRH KaKInYCOB B HHgUU Hem, a MO)J{HO gocmamb UX mOAbKO
B AMepUKe. CKa)J{ume MUUle, llmo R eMY KynUA 6aM6YKOBblX
ygolleK. KAaHRlOcb BceM. nou,eAyume AeHlO. 3ampygHRlOCb,
KaKOU nogapoK npUBe3mu KopomKOBY, aBOCb ombllll,y eMY
llmo-Hu6ygb B Kumae.
naUluHo Ae)J{um U Kpullum MHe: «Om MeHR KllaHRumecb U
n03gpaBbme C gHeM AHreAa BaUlero nanaUlY».
)/(eAalO B pagocmRX Bcmpemumb nacxy. MHe npuxogu-
AOCb PO)J{gecmBo U HOBblU rog Bcmpellamb B Mope maK )J{e,
BepORmHO, npugemcR Bcmpellamb U nacxy. .
C )J{eAaHueM Bcero AYllUlero Ha CBeme ocmalOCb ucmUHHO
Bac AlO6Rlll,UU U YBWKalOlll,UU CblH BaUl Erop XAygOB.
Orry6AHKOBaHO: OI1CbMa Eropa AAeKCeeBl1qa XAYAOBa.
M., 1878.
3AeCb YMecTHo 6YAeT BCrrOMHI1Tb, qTO, em;e 6YAyql1 cTy-
AeHTOM Ka3aHcKoro YHI1BepCI1TeTa, OeTp I1BaHOBl1q JU06HA
IIIyrKl111 p03bIrpbIIIII1. OAHaJKAbI B QeHTpe BHI1MaHI151 Ha 6aAY
OKa3aAaCb 3AeraHTHaH, KpaCI1Ba51 AeBYIUKa C rrpeKpacHoH
cpl1rypOH, BeCeAa51 11 06m;I1TeAbHa5l. BOKpyr Hee CTOAIII1AHCb
MOAOAbIe JUOAI1. OocAe 6aAa, KaK 6bIAO rrpI1H5ITO, AyqIIIyro Ma-
CKY BMeCTe C ee APY3b5lMI1 rrpl1rAaCI1AH Ha YJKI1H. BeqHO ro-
AOAHbIe cTyAeHTbI C 3HTy311a3MoM YCTpeMI1AHCb K CTOAHKaM
C 3aKycKaMI1, HO TYT KTO-TO 113 rrpl1cyrcTBoBaBIIII1X Y3HaA B
«rrpeKpaCHOH MaCKe» rrepeOAeToro B JKeHCKOe rrAaTbe OeTpa
OaIIII1HO. 06 3TOM CTaAO 113BeCTHO YHI1Bepcl1TeTcKoMY Ha-
qaAbCTBY, 11 TOAbKO 3acTyIIHI1qeCTBO rrperroAaBaTeAe:H, QeHI1B-
III 11 X OaIIII1HO 3a XOpOIIIyro ycrreBaeMocTb, oco6eHHo B 113yqe-
HI1I1 513bIKOB, crraCAO ero OT I1CKAIOqeHI151113 YHI1BepCI1TeTa.
He AYMaA TorAa OeTp OaIIII1HO, qTO ero aKTepCKl1e crro-
C06HOCTI1 He TOAbKO rroMoryr B CTpaHCTBI151X, HO 11 crracyr
eMY JKI13Hb...
-231-
H.H. HerrOMH.HIIJ:J1M
=
=
BaAl1, CeA060pOAbIH CTapl1K, Y>Ke JKAaA naIllI1HO. OH CI1-
AeA, OKPY>KeHHbIH CBOI1MI1 rrpI16AI1>KeHHbIMI1, B OCHOBHOM
AYXOBHOrO 3BaHI151. B CTOpOHe CT05lA AOHOCqI1K. neTp l1Ba-
HOBl1q rrOrrpl1BeTCTBOBaA BaJU1 11 CeA rrpOTI1B Hero Ha KOp-
TOqKaX, KaK rrOAo6aeT MYCYAbMaHI1HY. HaqaACH Aorrpoc. na-
IllI1HO paCCKa3aA BbIAYMaHHYIO 6110rpacpl1IO. 3aTeM BaAl1 H
rrpeACTaBI1TeAI1 AYXOBeHCTBa peIllI1AM 3K3aMeHOBaTb ero rro
KopaHY.
- 3Haellib AM TbI, HeqeCTI1BeQ, qTO rOBOpl1TCH B KopaHe 0
TaKI1X, KaK TbI? - rpo3Ho CrrpOCI1A BaJU1, YCTpeMI1B Ha Hero
CypOBbIH B3r .l\5IA.
HI1 Ha ceKYHAY He 3ClAYMbIBa5lCb, naIllI1HO 3aBOrrI1A:
- Bo I1MH AM.axa MI1AOCTAMBoro, MI1AOCepAHoro! «OH
pacrrpeAe.l\5leT CBoe rrOBeAeHl1e C He6a Ha 3eMJUO, rroToMY
OHO BOCXOAI1T K HeMY B HeKI1H AeHb, rrpOT5I>KeHl1e KOTOpO-
ro - TbIC5Iql1 AeT... OH BeAaeT CKpbIToe 11 51BHoe, CAaBHbIH,
MI1AOCepAHbIH» .
BCrrOMHI1Te, BaAl1, CAOBa CypbI KopaHa: «npl1eMAeT BaIllY
KOHql1HY aHreA CMepTl1, KOTOPOMY BbI rropyqeHbI, rrOTOMY
BbI K BallieMY rOcrroAY 6YAeTe B03Bpam;eHbI».
TeM >Ke, KTO OKAeBeTaA MeH5I, CKa>KY BeAI1Kl1e CAOBa 113
KopaHa: «Aa, OHI1 He Bep5lT BO BCTpeqy co CBOI1M rocrro-
AOM!» 11 Tpl1AQaToe 113 TOH CypbI: «OTBepHI1Cb >Ke OT HI1X 11
>KA11! BeAb 11 OHI1 >KAyr!»
<DaHaTI1KI1 11 HeHaBI1AHm;l1e naIllI1HO AepBI1IllI1-lllrrI10HbI
CMOTpeAM Ha Hero, He CMe51 rrpepBaTb: OH QI1Tl1pOBaA OAHY 3a
APyroH CypbI KopaHa, 11 rrpepBaBIllero ero JKAaAa CMepTb.
YTOMAeHHbIl1: neTp YMOAK. nepeAOXHYB, OH y6eJKAeHHO,
co 3AOBem;I1M, rrOXO>KI1M Ha 3aBbIBaHI1e rrOA YllierrOTOM, rrpo-
113Hec CAOBa CypbI Tpl1AQaTb BTOpOH (nOKAOH): «HaKa3aHl1e
6AI1>KaHIllee 03HaqaeT HaKa3aHI1e B 3eMHOH >KH3HI1!..» Aa-
Aee OH rrpOql1TaA Hal13YCTb em;e HeCKOAbKO rAaB KopaHa.
nOTOM HaqaAOCb Me>KAY AYXOBeHCTBOM rrepeIllerrTbIBaHl1e 11
rrpOAOAJKI1TeAbHbIM pa3rOBOp, KOTOpbIH KOHqI1AC5I TeM, qTO
BaAl1 MaXHYA neTPY PYKOM, AeAa51 3TI1M 3HaK, qT06 OH y611-
paACH BOH. BI1AI1MO, peIllI1Al1, qTO «HeBepHbIH» TaK rrpeKpac-
HO 3HaTb KopaH He MO>KeT. 11 BCe-TaKI1 BeqepOM, BI1AI1MO, rro
Haym;eHI1IO AOHOCql1Ka, TOArra rr06HAa ero KaMHHMI1. C TPY-
AOM YAaAOCb naIllI1HO BblpBaTbCH 113 3Toro ropOAa.
OH peIllI1A yexaTb B MClApac. Ho B Aopore HOBoe HeCqa-
CTbe: Y Hero YKpaAH eAI1HCTBeHHYIO aCCl1rHaIJ;I1IO B TbICH-
-232-
PYCCKa.H MHJJ:J1.H
=
=
qy pyrrl1H. B M(lApace OH Cpa3Y >Ke HarrHCaA rrHCbMOBI1u;e-
rrpe311AeHTy reorpacpl1qeCKOrO 06m;eCTBa, B KOTOpOM pac-
CKa3aA 0 CBOI1X 3AOKMDqeHI1HX 11 rrpOCI1A BWCAaTb eMY
500 Py6AeH. '
Ha 06paTHoM rryrl1 OH Y>Ke eXaA KaK PYCCKI1H rryrerne-
CTBeHHI1K, «113 AI0603HaTeAbHOCTI1 OTrrpaBI1Brnl1HCH rrOCMO-
TpeTb Ha I1HAI1HCKl1e BA(lAeHHH, He rrpI1HClMe>Kam;l1e aH-
rAI1HCKOMY rrpaBI1TeAbCTBY».
OH COBeprnl1A rroe3AKY BHI13 rro l1HAY, OCTaHaBAI1BaACH
B MYATaHe, 1I1l1prnaxe, "4arl1pe, 1I1I1Kaprrype. n06bIBaA Ha
L(eHAOHe.
B 1874-1875 rOAax neTp l1BaHOBl1q cOBeprnaeT CBoe
BTopoe rryrerneCTBl1e B l1HAI1IO. Ha 3TOT pa3 0 ero Maprnpy-
Te nl1CaAl1 ra3eTbI, B qaCTHOCTH, qTO narnl1HO HaMepeBaeT-
CH rrpOHI1KHyrb Qepe3 J\.axop B cTpaHbI, AoceAe He rrocem;eH-
Hble em;e HI1 OAHI1M 113 eBpOrreHCKI1X nyrernecTBeHHHKOB,
KaK TO: EClA>Kayp, CyaT, MI1HH, KI1AHH, Al1p, 3aTeM, rrepeBa-
AI1B qepe3 rl1MaAal1, rrOCeTI1Tb "4I1TpaA 11 0TTYAa q pe3 rl1H-
AYKyrn rronaCTb B E(lAaXrnaH. 113 E(lAaXrnaHa narnl1HO I1peA-
rrOAaraeT HarrpaBI1Tb CBOH rryrb Ha naMl1p M5I OCMOTpa I1C-
TOKOB AMY-Aapbl1 11 Y>Ke OTCIOAa rro KOKaHACKOH Aopore,
MI1MO 03epa Kapa-KYAb 11 qepe3 TarnKeHT B03BpaTI1TbCH B
POCCI1IO.
11 BOT neTp l1BaHOBl1q CHOBa B nyrH. OTHbIHe Y>Ke B Ka-
qeCTBe TypI1CTa, C AOKYMeHTaMI1 Ha CBoe HaCTOHm;ee I1MH, B
eBpOrre:HCKO:H OAe>KAe.
Terrepb OH Y>Ke He Mor, KaK rrpe>KAe, 06m;aTbCH 3arrpOCTO
C HapOAOM: «B TeqeHl1e TpeXMeCHqHOrO rrpe6bIBaHI1H Moero
B J\.axope H He Mor rr03HaKOMI1TbCH C BHyrpeHHeH >K113HbIO
I1HAYCTaHCKoro HapOAa HaCTOAbKO, HaCKOAbKO MHe rrpl1-
rnAOCb Y3HaTb 3Ty >K113Hb B rrepBoe Moe rryrerneCTBl1e, Kor-
Aa H 6bIA OAeT apa60M 11 >KI1A rro KapaBaH-capaHM B cpeAe ca-
Moro HapOAa. Terrepb >Ke, KpOMe BCTpeQ pa3HbIX npOu;eCCI1H
rrOA CTeHaMI1 J\.axopa 11 C>Kl1raHI1H TpyrroB, H, B KOCTIOMe eB-
pOrre:HCKOrO TypI1CTa, Hl1qerO He Mor BHAeTb».
Ho, K CO>KaAeHI1IO, BHAeAH ero.
28 HOH6p51 1874 rOAa narnl1HO CHOBa BbIC(lAHACH B EOM-
6ee 11 rro >KeAe3HOH Aopore oTrrpaBHAcH B A.M.axa6(lA. B 3TOH
HerrpOAOA>KI1TeAbHO:H rroe3AKe eMY BCTpeTI1ACH B rroe3Ae BbI-
COKI1:H, XYAO:H QeAOBeK.
-233-
H.H. HerrOMHHIUJ1J1
=
=
neTp l1BaHOBl1q rrOCMOTpeA Ha HerO 11 cpa3Y Y3HaA - Ma-
rOMeTaHI1H B 60AbllIOH qaAMe, rpH3HbIH 11 YHI1>KeHHbIH, qTO
rrpHcyrcTBOBaA rrpl1 BbIABOpeHl111 ero 113 l1HAl111 BO BpeMH
rrepBOH rroe3AKI1, KorAa TaK CTpeMI1TeAbHO BblrrpOBOAI1AM
ero 113 CTpaHbI, qTO OH He ycrreA B3HTb CBOHX Bem;e:H, B qaCT-
HOCTI1 eAbH, KOTopoe HaXOAI1AOCb Y rrpaqKI1.
MHoroe XOTeAOCb CKa3aTb HarAeu;y, HO nallII1HO CAep-
>KaACH. OH rrOHHA, qTO AaAbHeHllIl1H ero rryrb He 6YAeT YCbI-
rraH p03aMI1. 11 KorAa rroe3AKa B TaK Ha3bIBaeMYIO Ty3eMHyro
qaCTb A.M.axa6ClAa eMY 6bIAa 3arrpem;eHa, neTp l1BaHOBHq
BCrrOMHI1A CBoero CTaporo 3HaKOMoro. AaAee qepe3 KaHrryp,
Arpy OH rrpl16bIA B AeAI1. nOCAe HeKOTopOH rrepeAbIIliKH OH
qepe3 AM6aAl\.Y, CI1MAY, AMpl1TCap rrpl16bIBaeT B J\.axop, rAe
rrpO>KHA OKOAO Tpex MeCHu;eB.
B HaqaAe HHBapH 1875 rOAa nallII1HO rroAyql1A pa3pellIe-
Hl1e rrpOHTI1 qepe3 "4I1TpaA B TypKecTaH AO TallIKeHTa, HO
BAPyr 3TO pa3pellIeHI1e 6bIAO OTMeHeHO (orrHTb rrpl111IAOCb
BCrrOMHI1Tb BCTpeqy C Tal1HCTBeHHbIM MaroMeTaHHHoM).
A neTp l1BaHOBl1q Y>Ke HaHHA ce6e rrpOBOAHI1Ka - CMbIIlI-
AeHoro 6yxapu;a XClA>K11 EerpaMa, c06paA HeMaAO CBeAeHI1:H
o rryrl1 CAeAOBaHI1H. nyrellIecTBeHHI1K He Mor CMl1pl1TbCH C
OTKa30M 11 pellIl1A AeHCTBOBaTb 6e3 pa3pellIeHI1H BAaCTeH.
nepeOAeBllIl1Cb B apa6CKyID 0Ae/KAY, rroeXaA rroe3AoM rro
HaMeqeHHoMY rryrl1.
CAeAI1AM AM 3a HI1M, I1AM OH caM AorrycTI1A orrAolliHocTb,
HO Ha OAHOH >KeAe3HOAOpO>KHOH cTaHU;1111 nallII1HO 6bIA >Ke-
CTOKO 113611T rrOAI1u;eHCKI1M 3a rrorrbITKY Bblrrl1Tb CTaKaH qaIO
B 6ycpeTe rrepBoro KAaCca 11 oTrrpaBAeH B rrOAI1u;eHCKI1H yqa-
CTOK. nallII1HO HaMeKHYAl1, qTO XOAY eMY He AClAyr. 11 OH pe-
IlII1A BepHyrbcH AOMOH, B POCCI1IO.
B AHeBHI1KaX BToporo rryrellIeCTBI1H nallII1HO AaeT OqeHb
nOAHoe I1I1HTepeCHoe Orrl1CaHl1e EOM6eH KaK ropOAa «Ty3eM-
Horo» 11 eBpOrre:HCKOrO OAHOBpeMeHHO - C MY3eeM, rraMHT-
HI1KOM KopOAeBe BI1KTOpHl1, HO Tyr >Ke Ao6aB.l\5IeT: «XpaMOB
aHrAM:HCKI1X 11 KaTOAMqeCKHX He I1MeA oco6oro >KeAaHI1H BI1-
AeTb, MeHH BAeKAO cOBepllIeHHo B APYrylO CTOPOHY».
KCTaTl1, B EOM6ee, B rOCTI1HI1u;e, rAe OCTaHOBI1ACH nallIl1-
HO, OH BHOBb YBI1AeA qeAOBeKa, KOTOpbI:H rrpeCAeAOBaA ero.
YBI1AeA BeqepOM. A HOqbIO, rrepeA TeM, KaK Aeqb B rrOCTeAb,
npHBblqHO BCTPHXHYA OAeHAO, H 113-rroA Hero KOMKOM Bblrra-
Aa 3MeH. OTBeAH AeBYIO PYKY B CTOPOHY, OH npaBO:H YXBa-
- 234-
PYCCKa.H MHJJ:J1.H
=
=
TI1A ee 3a XBOCT 11 OCTOpO>KHO rrOHeC K BbIXOAY. 3MeH H3BI1-
BaAaCb, IlIl1rreAa, HO AOTHHyrbCH AO XBOCTa He MorAa - 06
3TOM rrpeKpacHo 3HaA nallIl1Ho.
YTpOM 6bIA IlIYM - 113BeCTHbIH naIllI1HO He3HaKOMeQ 6bIA
YKyrueH HAOBI1TOH 3MeeH H OTrrpaBAeH B 60AbHI1QY. OKa3bI-
BaeTCH, OH paCrrOAO>KI1ACH B coceAHeM HOMepe, BHAI1MO, H K
HeMY 3arrOA3Aa 3MeH...
Bo06m;e, B CBOI1X rryrellIeCTBI1HX rro l1HAl111 nallII1HO He
pa3 BCTpeqaACH co 3MeHMH. 11 MHoroe Af\5I ce6H YCBOI1A, Ha-
6AIOAaH, KaK 06pam;a1OTCH co 3MeHMI1 AepBI111IH. HI1KTO 113
HI1X He 60HACH 3MeH. nallII1HO He pa3 BI1AeA, KaK AepBI111I
I1HorAa OCTOpO>KHO, a rropoH 11 rpy60 oT6paCbIBaA rrOCOXOM,
a TO 11 rrpocTo HoroH BCTpeTI1BIlIYIOCH Ha ero rryrl1 orpoM-
HYIO, pa3'bHpeHHYIO qeM-TO, HAOBI1T)TIO 3MeIO. Ka3aAOCb Ha
rrepBbI:H B3rAHA, OH AeAaA 3TO HerrpI1HYJKAeHHO, HO, rrpHrAH-
AbIBaHCb, nallII1HO rrOHHA, qTO 3TO 6bIAa QeAaH HaYKa - orrbIT
rrOKOAeHI1H, TpeHl1pOBKa. KaK rrpaBI1AO, AepBI111I11 rrpeKpac-
HO pa36l1paJU1Cb, C KaKO:H 3Mee:H H KaK HY>KHO q6pam;aTb-
CH. OAHY AOCTaTOqHO OT6pOCI1Tb B CTOPOHY, rrepeA APyroH,
CKa>KeM KopOAeBCKOH Ko6pO:H, CTaTb Ha KOAeHH, rrOTOM Y>Ke
CTpeMI1TeAbHO YAapl1Tb rrOCOXOM I1Jlli PYKOH B YH3BI1MOe Me-
CTO. 3HaJU1 AepBI111I11 11 KaK 06pam;aTbCH C XI1m;HI1KaMI1 -
K KaJKAOMY, B 3aBI1CI1MOCTI1 OT BpeMeHI1 rOAa, COCTOHHI1H
>KI1BOTHOro 11 MHOrl1X APyrl1x HIOaHCOB, 6bIA OC06bIH rroA-
XOA. rAaBHoe >Ke, qeMY Hayql1AcH em;e B IOHOCTI1 nallII1HO, -
HI1KOrAa He 60HTbCH HHKaKoro >KI1BOTHOro I1AI1 HaceKOMoro.
KAem;I1, CKOprrl10HbI, cpaAaHrl1, KapaKypTbI, KOTOpbIX HeMa-
AO B l1HAl1l1, 6bIJlli 6Jlli3KI1 K T)'PKeCTaHCKI1M, 11 3TO rrOMora-
AO rryrellIecTBeHHI1KY.
B neTep6ypre nallII1HO He 3(lAep>KaACH. CqaCTJlliBOe CTe-
qeHl1e 06CTOHTeAbCTB rr03BOAHAO eMY OTrrpaBI1TbCH BCKope B
KpyrocBeTHoe rryrellIeCTBl1e. 113BecTHbIH MOCKOBCKI1H MHA-
JlliOHep XAYAOB OTrrpaBAHA CBoero HerryreBoro, BeqHO rrbH-
Horo CbIHa B <DHA(lAeAbcpI1IO - rro6bIBaTb Ha BCeMl1pHO:H BbI-
CTaBKe. nallII1HO 6bIAO rrpeMO>KeHO corrpOBOJKAaTb ero: BeAb
«rro rryrl1» 3a OKeaH rrpeArrOAaraAOCb «06'beXaTb BeCb Ml1p».
B l1TaAHI1 nallII1HO BCTpeTI1ACH C AAaMoAl1, (lA'bIOTaHTOM
A?KY3errrre rapl16aAbAI1, C KOTOpbIM neTp l1BaHOBl1q rr03Ha-
KOMHACH em;e B TallIKeHTe B 1870 rOAY. 11 Terrepb, crrycTH
rrHTb AeT, B PI1Me nallII1HO rrOrrpOCI1A ero YCTpOI1Tb BCTpeqy
co 3HaMeHI1TbIM repoeM l1TaAl1l1. 11 (lA'bIOTaHT YCTpOI1A 3TY
-235-
H.H. HerrOMH.HII(J1M
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3HaMeHumblll repoii l1mQAuu,4JK. rapU6QAbgu
BCTpeqy. fapl16aAbAll >KllA B 3aropOAHOM BllJ\Ae. OH npHHHA
naIIII1HO Ha Teppace, CllAH B rAy60KoM KpeCAe, nOAO>KI1B
60AbHYlO HOry Ha Ta6ypeT. EeceAa npOAOJUKaAaCb OKOAO
30 MHHyr. OqeHb TenAO fapl16aAbAI1 OT03BaACH 0 qeTblpex
PYCCKI1X, Cpa>KaBIIIllXCH B pHAax ero BOMCKa.
B OCMaHcKoM llMnepl111 naIIII1HO 6bIA nepBbIH pa3 no
nyrH B I1HAlllO. BOT KaK nl1IIIeT neTp I1BaHOBllQ 0 TYPQI1I1
Toro BpeMeHI1: «CTpaHa pocKolliHaH, B 1130611Alll1 oAapeH-
HaH npllpOAOM: B HeH eCTb H MHO>KeCTBO 60raTcTB QapcTBa
llCKonaeMoro, He rOBopH Y>Ke 0 BceM TOM BHAllMOM MaTe-
pHaAbHOM 60raTCTBe, KOTOpbIM OHa MorAa 6bI 3a nOHC 3a-
TKHyrb BCHKYIO Aep>KaBY, eCAll 6bI HaxoAllAaCb nOA AyqIIIHM
npaBllTeAbCTBOM». YnpaBMlA TorAa TYPQlleM cYATaH A6AYA-
faMHA...
- 236-
PYCCKa.H MHJJ:J1.H
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o El1pMaHCKOH I1Mrrepl111 rro B03Bpam;eHI1I1 B POCCHIO na-
IlII1HO CAeAaA C006m;eHl1e B PYCCKOM reorpacpl1qeCKOM 06-
I.QeCTBe. B >KypHaAe o6m;ero C06paHI1H, B QaCTHOCTI1, rrl1ca-
AOCb: «nOCAeAHee 113 rrpeHHH 3aCeAaHI1H 6bIAO rrOCBHm;eHO
Orrl1CaH111O HeAaBHO COBepIIIeHHoro qAeHOM-COTPYAHI1KOM
n.l1. naIIII1HO rryreIIIeCTBI1H rro EHpMaHCKOH I1Mrrepl1l1. 113-
AO>KHB B o6m;l1x qepTaX MapIIIpyr nyreIIIeCTBI1H, r. naIIII1HO
OCTaHOBI1ACH Ha HeKOTopbIX rrOAP06HOCTHX, KacaIOm;I1XCH
rOCYAapCTBeHHoro 11 06m;eCTBeHHoro YCTpOHCTBa El1pMbI, 11
paCCKa3aA B 3aKAIOqeHI1e HeCKOAbKO MeAKI1X cAyqaHHocTeH
rryreIIIeCTBI1H» .
B CI1Hrarrype naIIII1HO np06bIA HeAOATO, Aa K TOMY >Ke 11
qYBCTBOBaA TorAa OH ce6H HeBa>KHO.
3aTeM rryreIIIecTBeHHI1KI1 rrpl16bIAI1 B KI1TaH. "4acTb rryrl1
B neKI1H 113 THHbU;3I1Ha rrAbIAI1 Ha AOAKe rro peKe EaHX3.
C YAI1BAeHl1eM Orrl1CbIBaeT naIIIHHO crroc06 OpOIIIeHI1H
KI1TaHu;aMI1 rrOAeH: OHI1 3aqeprrbIBaAH BOAY «B orpOMHeH-
IIIl1e, crrAeTeHHble 113 COAOMbI KOp311HbI 11 rrOA6paCbIBaAH 3ry
BOAY Ha YCryrrbI 6epera, OTKYAa APyraH rrapa KI1TaHu;eB ne-
peqeprrbIBaAa ee 11 6pocaAa BblIIIe B BOAorrpOBOAHyID KaHa-
BY M5I OpOIIIeHI1H CBoero rro.l\5l. BI1AHO, qTO 3Aecb 3ClAeAbHbIH
TPYA u;eHI1TCH qpe3BblqaHHO AellieBo, - AeAaA BbIBOA naIIII1-
HO, - TaK KaK AO CHX rrop He rrpl1AYMaHO HI1KaKHX rrpl1crro-
C06AeHI1H M5I OpOIIIeHI1H nOAeH».
B neKI1He naIIII1HO rrOpa311AH AJUfHHble, THHym;llecH Ha
MHOrl1e KI1AOMeTpbI ToprOBble YAI1U;bI, He rrOXO>Kl1e Ha Y>Ke
BI1AeHHble 11M paHee YAHU;bI APyrllx BOCTOqHbIX ropOAOB.
«HarrpaBO H HaAeBO rrOBCIOAY pa3BeBaAHCb KI1TaHCKl1e HClA-
rrl1CI1, rrpl1KperrAeHHble Ha BbICOKI1X llIeCTax, 113Hm;HO pa3-
YKpaIIIeHHbIX pa3HOU;BeTHbIMH cpOHapl1KaMI1. "4aHHble Ma-
ra311HbI I1rpaAl1, KaK MHe nOKa3aAOCb, rrOCAeAHIOIO pOAb.
EOAbIIIaH >Ke qaCTb AaBOK 6bIAa rreperrOAHeHa KI1TaHCKI1MI1
cpapcpopOBbIMI1 11 MeTaAAl1qeCKI1MI1 113AeAI1HMI1, rrpHqeM He
AaBaAOCb pa3HI1U;bI 06bIKHOBeHHOMY Ta3Y H H3Hm;HO OTAI1-
TOH 6pOH30BOH Ba3e. CaMOH rrpOCTOH pa60TbI cpaHHCOBaH
rrOCYAa CTOHAa PHAOM C rrpeBocxOAHbIMI1 cpapcpopOBbIMH
qaIIIKaMH 113Hm;Horo KI1TaHCKOro cpapcpopa».
Oc06eHHO rropa>KaAH Mara311HbI IIIeAKOBbIX TKaHeH. na-
IIII1HO BOCTOpraACH paCU;BeTKO:H KHTaHCKI1X IIIeAKOB, rOBopH,
QTO HHrAe B EBpone HeAb3H BCTpeTHTb TaKoro H3Hm;eCTBa 11
TaKoro pa3Hoo6pa3HH Y30pOB.
-237-
H.H. HerrOMH.HII(J1M
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113 KI1TaH HarrpaBI1AHCb B 5IrroHI1IO. n06bIBaAH B CI1MO-
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POA», - nl1llIeT nallIl1HO), KHOTO, OCaKe, l1oKoraMe, TOKI10.
B CBOI1X 3anl1CKaX nallIl1HO He pa3 OTMeqaA Heo6bIKHO-
BeHHYIO ql1CTOTy ropOAOB 11 AepeBeHb 11 npl1cYI.Qee HnOHCKO-
MY HapOAY qYBCTBO npeKpaCHoro. OH nl1llIeT: «no Aopore B
OcaKY nOqTH Bce npOCTpaHCTBO MbI eXaAH HAll B03AeAaH-
HbIMI1 nO.l\5lMH, I1All 113HI.QHbIMI1 HnOHCKI1MH AepeBYllIKaMI1,
npHqeM 51 3aMeTI1A MHoro 3AeraHTHOCTI1 AaJKe B TaKI1X Ae-
peBeHCKI1X nOCTpOHKax, KYAa c6paCbIBaIOTCH APOBa 11 rAe
AeAalOTCH KOAeca». «CKOAbKO Tpe6yeTcH 3AeCb TepneHbH 11
caMoro 3a6oTAI1BOrO YXOAa, qT06bI AOCTl1qb nOA06Horo npe-
BpaI.QeHI1H!» - BOCTOpraACH OH, AI06YHCb KapAHKOBbIMI1 Ae-
peBbHMI1.
nallIl1HO nl1CaA, qTO, no ero MHeHI1IO, qepe3 50 AeT 5Ino-
HHIO HeAb3H 6YAeT OTAl1ql1Tb OT eBpOneHCKI1X cTpaH. B 3TOM
OH He oriIH6cH.
06 AMepl1Ke nallIHHo nl1CaA CKyrrO. BI1AI1MO, cbIrpa-
AO pOAb 11 TO, qTO TaM cpeAb 6eAa AHH ero 060KPaAH, qTO OH
npOBeA HOqb B aMepl1KaHCKOH TIOpbMe, - Bce 3TO OTAOJKI1-
AOCb B naMHTll.
BepHYBllIl1Cb Ha POAI1HY, neTp l1BaHOBl1q CHOBa AYMa-
eT 0 nyrellIeCTBI1HX. OH n06bIBaA eI.Qe BO MHOrl1X CTpaHax.
B 3cpl1onl1l1, Hanpl1Mep, npoeXaA Ha cTpaycax 3a Tpl1 AHH
OKOAO 300 BepcT... OAHI1M CAOBOM, npOAOJUKaA npeJKHee cy-
I.QeCTBOBaHl1e.
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BCeMI1 3a6bITbIH 11 OAI1HOKHH - B 60r(lAeAbHe, KYAa 6bIA no-
MeI.QeH C nOMOI.QbIO APY3eH 11 3HaKOMblX. norpe6eH Ha BOA-
KOBOM KA(lA611I.Qe...
(no MamepUQAaM O. Ha3apoBa, A. MumpoxuHa, A. Pau-
KOBa. )
MA5IK PYCCKOM J1H,lJOJIOfJ1J1
= -
=
C I1MeHeM BbIAaIOm;erOCH PYCCKOrO I1HAOAOra rrpocpecco-
pa ¥IBaHa naBAOBl1qa MI1HaeBa (1840-1890) CBH3aHa OAHa
H3 Hal160Aee HpKI1X cTpaHHQ B I1CTOpl111 OTeqeCTBeHHoro
BOCTOKOBeAeHI1H.
y AI1BHTeAbHO pa3Ho06pa3HoH 6bIAa AeHTeAbHOCTb 3aMe-
qaTeAbHoro yqeHoro. KpyrrHeHllII1H I1CCAeAOBaTeAb aK(lAe-
Ml1qeCKOrO CKA(lAa C eBporreHcKHM I1MeHeM 11 6AecTHm;I1H
rry6AI1QI1CT; oAapeHHbIH rreAaror, B TeqeHl1e MHOrl1X AeT
rrpocpeccop neTep6yprCKOrO YHI1Bepcl1TeTa 11 TaAaHTAHBbIH
OpraHI13aTOp HaYKl1, OTAaBllIl1H HeMaAO CI1A pa60Te B 3THO-
rpacpl1qeCKOM OTAeAeHl111 POCCI1HCKOrO reorpacpHqeCKOrO
06m;ecTBa; HeyroMI1MbIH rryrellIecTBeHHI1K, 3aMeqaTeA HbIH
co611paTeAb rraMHTHI1KOB rrl1CbMeHHOCTI1 11 KYAbrypbI Hapo-
AOB BocToKa 11 CTOAb JKe TaAaHTAI1BbIH rrorrY.l\5lpl13aTop Hay-
KI1, rr03HaKOMI1BllIHH pyccKoro ql1TaTeMI C rrpOIliAbIM 11 Ha-
CTOHm;I1M HapoAoB lOJKHOH A3HH.
Ero HayqHoe HaCAeAl1e COCTaB.l\5IIOT pa60TbI B o6AacTI1
6YMoAorl111 (B caMOM Bce06'heMJUOm;eM 3HaqeHI111 3Toro
TepMI1Ha) 11 I1CTOpl1l1, B TOM ql1CAe rrp06AeM COBpeMeHHOH
eMY 3rrOXI1; reorpacpl1l1 11 3THorpacpl1l1; HCTOpl111 AHTepary-
pbI 11 AHHrBI1CTI1KH, B qaCTHOCTH CpaBHI1TeAbHOro H3bIKO-
3HaHI1H, CaHCKpl1TOAOrHl1, H3bIKOB rraAl1l1 HeBapl1; cpOAbKAO-
pHCTI1Kl1, apxeorpacpl1l1l1 TeKCTOAOrl1l1.
CBOI1MI1 pa60TaMI1 ¥I.n. MI1HaeB OCTaBI1A 3aMeTHbIH
CAe A B KaJKAOH 113 Ha3BaHHbIX 06AaCTeH. Ero I1CCAeAOBaHI1H
HaXOAI1AHCb Ha ypOBHe rrepeAOBOH HaYKI1 CBoero BpeMeHI1
11 rroAyql1AI1 rrpl13HaHI1e KaK B HallieH CTpaHe, TaK 11 3a py-
6eJKOM. MHorl1e TPYAbI ¥I.n. MI1HaeBa H CeHqaC coxpaHHIOT
CBOIO Opl1rl1HaAbHOCTb 11 He yrpaTI1AI1 HayqHoH 11 rr03HaBa-
TeAbHO:H QeHHOCTI1.
A/uI ¥I.n. MI1HaeBa 6bIA xapaKTepeH He TOAbKO IlIl1pOKI1H
AI1arra30H HayqHbIx AI1CQl1rrAI1H, KOTOpbIMI1 OH 3aHI1MaACH,
HO 11 0611Il1pHbI:H reorpacpl1qeCKI1H apeaA ero HCCAeAOBaHHH.
OAHaKO Ha rrpOTHJKeHl111 BceH HayqHo-rreAarOrl1qeCKOH Ae-
HTeAbHOCTI1 ¥IBaHa naBAOBl1qa MHHaeBa ¥IHAI1H OCTaBa-
- 239-
H. H. HerrOMH.HII{JifH
=
=
AaCb rAaBHbIM 06'"beKTOM ero nbITAHBoro YMa. I1 n03TOMY MbI
BnpaBe paCCMaTpHBaTb ero KaK HHAOAora par exellance. B TO
>Ke BpeM5I OH BHec cepbe3HbIH BKAClA B TaKHe 06AaCTH BOC-
TOKOBeAeHH5I, KaK6HpMaHHCTHKa, HenaAHCTHKa, QeHAOHH-
CTHKa, acpraHHCTHKa.
3Ta MHororpaHHOCTb MHHaeBa KaK yqeHoro nOCTaBHAa
ero B oc060e nOAO>KeHHe cpeAH OTeqeCTBeHHbIX BOCTOKOBe-
AOB TOH 3nOXH.
YHAaMeHTOM pa3HOCTopOHHeH H nAOAOTBOpHOH Ae5I-
TeAbHOCTH MHHaeBa 6bIAH ero 3HQHKAOneAHqeCKa5I 06pa30-
BaHHOCTb H 6AeCT5Irn;a5I cpHAOAOrHqeCKa5I nOArOTOBKa.
I1BaH naBAOBHq MHHaeB pOAHAC5I 22 OKT5I6p5I 1840 rOAa
B ceMbe He60raToro qHHOBHHKa H3 TaM60BcKHX ABOp5IH
cpeAHeH PYKH. paHQY3cKHH H HeMeQKHH 5I3bIKH OH HaqaA
H3yqaTb AOMa, a 3aTeM B TaM60BcKOH rHMHa3HH. B 1858-
1862 rOAax OH npOAOJUKaA 06pa30BaHHe B neTep6yprcKoM
YHHBepcHTeTe Ha KHTaHcKO-MaHbq>KypcKOM oTAeAeHHH cpa-
KYAbTeTa BOCTOqHbIX 5I3bIKOB.
YqHTeAeM H HaCTaBHHKOM MHHaeBa B YHHBepcHTeTe 6bIA
BbIAalOrn;HHC5I PYCCKHH BOcToKoBeA-6YMoAor H KHTaMCT
npocpeccop B.n. BacHAbeB, C KOTOpbIM OH COXpaH5IA TecHYIO
APY>K6y AO KOHQa CBoeH >KH3HH. 3aH5ITH5I C BacHAbeBbIM He-
COMHeHHO onpeAeAHAH OCHOBHoe HanpaBAeHHe BceR nOCAe-
AYIOrn;eH HayqHoH Ae5ITeAbHOCTH I1BaHa naBAOBHqa, TO eCTb
H3yqeHHe 6YMH3Ma. CAeAyeT 3aMeTHTb, qTO Y>Ke B CTYAeH-
qeCKHe rOAbI OH 3aHHTepeCOBaAC5I nepBOHCTOqHHKaMH 6YA-
AH3Ma H B OTAHqHe OT CBoero yqHTeMl 3aH5IAC5I HCCAeAoBa-
HHeM naM5ITHHKOB 6YMH3Ma He B CTpaHax AaAbHerO Boc-
TOKa H 14eHTpaAbHOH A3HH, a Ha ero pOAHHe - B I1HAHH H
conpeAeAbHbIx cTpaHax lO>KHOH A3HH. OTclOAa ero cepbe3-
HbIe 3aH5ITH5I caHcKpHTOM H naAH. B YHHBepcHTeTe MHHaeB
M3yqaA caHcKpHT nOA PYKOBOACTBOM H3BeCTHoro PyccKoro
caHcKpHToAora npocpeccopa Ka3TaHa KOCCOBHqa.
Ern;e 6YAyqH cTYAeHToM, I1BaH naBAOBHq 06paTHA Ha
ce65I BHHMaHHe CBOHMH 6AeCT5Irn;HMH cnoc06HOCT5IMH H 6bIA
OCTaBAeH npH cpaKY AbTeTe M5I nOArOTOBKM K npocpeccopCKO-
MY 3BaHHIO. no OKOHqaHHH YHHBepCHTeTa ero HanpaBHAM B
AAHTeAbHyIO 3arpaHHqHyIO KOMaHAHpoBKY (1863-1868).
B TeqeHHe n5ITH AeT OH cOBeprneHCTBOBaA CBOIO HHAoAorH-
qecKYIO H cpHAoAOrHqecKYIO nOAroToBKY B YHHBepcHTeTax
repMaHHH, AHrAHH H <DpaHQHH.
- 240-
PYCCKa.H J1HJJ:Jif.H
=
=
BnOCAeACTBHH, BO BpeM5I CBOHX nyrellIecTBHH no Boc-
TOKY, I1BaH naBAOBHq HcnOAb30BaA CBoe 3HaHHe caHCKpH-
Ta H naAH He TOAbKO M5I H3yqeHH5I nRCbMeHHbIX HCTOqHH-
KOB, HO H M5I >KHBOrO 06rn;eHH5I C HHAHHu;aMH, 6HpMaHu;aMH
H npeACTaBHTeMlMH APyrHx HapOAOB. B EHpMe, HenaAe, Ha
14eHAoHe OH BeA Ha naAH C yqeHbIMH 6YMHHCKHMH MOHa-
xaMH AAHTeAbHbIe AHcnyrbI Ha CAO>KHbIe peAHrH03HO-cpHAO-
cocpCKHe TeMbI. B I1HAHH OH HcnOAb30BaA caHCKpHT B 6ece-
Aax C yqeHbIMH-caHCKpHTOAoraMH.
Bo BpeM5I CBOHX AAHTeAbHbIX noe3AOK no I1HAHH I1BaH
naBAOBHq OBAClAeA H XHHAYCTaHH, 0 qeM OH rOBopHT B CBOHX
AHeBHHKax. 0 3aH5ITH5IX HOBOHHAHHCKHMH 5I3bIKaMH CBH-
AeTeAbCTByroT ero nepeBOAbI cpOAbKAOpHbIX 3anHceH, cAe-
AaHHbIX Ha XHHAycTaHH, MapaTxH, AHaAeKTaX naxapH. Ta-
KHM 06pa30M, noe3AKH MHHaeBa B I1HAHIO H APyrHe cTpaHbI
BocToKa 6bIAH M5I Hero ern;e OAHHM YHHBepCHTeTOM. KpOMe
Toro, ero nyrellIeCTBH5I Ha BOCTOK COCTaBHAH Ba>KHYIO Bexy
B HCTOpHH pa3BHTH5I HayqHbIx H KYAbT)'PHbIX CB5I3eH Poc-
CHH C 3THMH cTpaHaMH.
3anHcH B AHeBHHKax MHHaeBa, cAeAaHHwe HM nOCAe
BCTpeq C HHAHHCKHMH yqeHbIMH, cBHAeTeAbCTByroT 0 ero
rAy60KoM YBa>KeHHH K CBOHM HHAHHCKHM KOAAeraM. MHHa-
eB C 60AbllIHM YAoBAeTBopeHHeM Ha6AIOAaA 3a CTaHOBAeHH-
eM HOBOH HHAHHCKOH HaYKH, OTMeqa5I npou;ecc nOCTeneH-
Horo BbICB060>KAeHH5I HHAHHCKHX yqeHbIx H3- nOA AYXOBHOH
oneKH KOAoHH3aTopoB.
I1HAoAOrH5I KaK caMOCT05ITeAbHa5I HayqHa5I AHCU;HnAH-
Ha CTaAa pa3BHBaTbC5I B POCCHH C HaqaAa XIX BeKa. B Ae5I-
TeAbHOCTH «OTu;a PYCCKOH HHAOAOrHH» repacHMa J\e6eAeBa
HaMeTHAC5I CBoero pOAa KOMnAeKcHbIH nOAXOA K H3yqeHHIO
I1HAHH. J\e6eAeB HHTepeCOBaAC5I H npollIAbIM, H pa3AHqHbI-
MH cTopoHaMH >KH3HH cOBpeMeHHoro eMY HHAHHcKoro 06-
rn;eCTBa. OAHaKo OH He C03AaA CBoeH llIKOAbI H He MMeA no-
CAeAOBaTeAeH. B 1830-1860 rOAbI B TPYAax <D.n. AAeAYH-
ra, P.X. J\eHu;a, O.H. EeTAHHrKa, I1.A. H K.A. KOCCOBHqeH,
B.n. BacHAbeBa H oc06eHHo 3aMeqaTeAbHOrO PyccKoro BOC-
TOKOBeAa n.5I. neTpoBa PyccKa5I HHAOAOrH5I pa3BHBaAaCb
npeHMyrn;ecTBeHHo KaK caHCKpHTOAOrH5I, TO eCTb KaK H3Y-
qeHHe caHCKpHTCKoro 5I3bIKa H caHCKpHTCKOH AHTepaT)'PbI.
I1HAoAOrH5I npaKTHqeCKH He BbIXOAHAa 3a npeAeAbI H3yqe-
HH5I KYAbT)'PbI «KAaCCHqeCKOH» I1HAHH.
-241-
H.H. HeIIOMHHIll:IifH
=
=
MHHaeB pellIHTeAbHO OT6poCHA 3TO TPClAHIJ;HOHHOe
npeACTaBAeHHe, 3aHMCTBOBaHHOe rAaBHbIM 06pa30M OT rep-
MaHCKOH HHAOAorHH XIX BeKa. OH 6bIA nepBbIM PYCCKHM
H, nO>KaAYH, eBpoIIeHcKHM HHAoAorOM, Y KOToporo MCCAe-
AOBaHHH B 06AacTH caHcKpHToAorHH H ApeBHeHHAHHcKOH
KYAbrypbI OpraHHqeCKH COqeTaAHCb C TaKHM >Ke rAy60KHM H
cepbe3HbIM H3yqeHHeM np06AeM cOBpeMeHHoH eMY I1HAHH.
B POCCHH H AO MHHaeBa (1800-1860) OTeqeCTBeHHbIMH
aBTopaMH 6bIAH ony6AHKoBaHbI AeCHTKH CTaTeH H KHHr, no-
CBHrn;eHHbIX I1HAHH Toro BpeMeHH. OAHaKO He OqeHb MHO-
rHe H3 3THX pa60T HBMlAHCb pe3YAbTaTOM HayqHbIx HCCAe-
AOBaHHH H HMeAH caMOCTOHTeAbHoe 3HaqeHHe. rpOMClAHaH
3acAyra I1BaHa naBAOBHqa H 3aKAIOqaeTCH B TOM, qTO OH
BnepBbIe H3yqeHHe np06AeM COBpeMeHHOCTH CAeAaA nOAHO-
KpOBHOH OTpaCAblO HHAoAorHH KaK HayqHoH AHCIJ;HIIAHHbI.
I1BaH naBAOBHq rOTOBHACH 3aHHTb KacpeAPY MCTOpHH
BOCTOqHbIX CTpaH, OAHaKO nOCAe B03Bparn;eHHH B 1869 rOAY
H3-3a rpaHHIJ;bI OH 6bIA BbIHY>KAeH CHaqaAa 3aHHTb MeCTO
AOIJ;eHTa Ha KacpeApe caHcKpHTCKOH CAOBeCHOCTH cpaKYAb-
TeTa BOCTOqHbIX H3bIKOB, a B 1871 rOAY nepeHTH Ha KacpeA-
PY cpaBHHTeAbHoH rpaMMaTHKH HHAoeBponeHcKHx H3W-
KOB HCTOpHKO-cpHAoAOrHqeCKOrO cpaKYAbTeTa, KOTOpYJO OH
C 1873 rOAa 3aHHMaA BIIAOTb AO cBoeH npe>KAeBpeMeHHoH
KOHqHHbI 14 HIOHH 1890 rOAa.
KaK cnpaBeAAHBo OTMeqaA aKClAeMHK A.n. EapaHHH-
KOB, «KaK yqeHbIH, l1.n. MHHaeB npOllieA OqeHb cBoe06pa3-
HbIH nyrb. OH OKOHqHA cpaKYAbTeT BOCTOqHbIX H3bIKOB no
KHTaHcKO-MaHbq>KypcKOMY oTAeAeHHIO, HO nOCBHTHA ce6H
H3yqeHHIO I1HAHH. OH rOTOBHA ce6H K IIpenoAaBaHHIO HCTO-
pHH BocToKa, a AOJUKeH 6bIA 3aHHTb KacpeAPY cpaBHHTeAb-
HOH rpaMMaTHKH HHAoeBponeHcKHx H3bIKOB...». I1 Bce >Ke
MHHaeB BcerAa OCTaBaACH HCTOpHKOM!
Ero nepBoH cepbe3HoH HayqHoH pa60ToH 6bIAO HCCAeAO-
BaHHe, C ny6AHKaIJ;HeH TeKCTa H nepeBOAOM, npaTHMoKIlIH-
CyrpbI (MarHcTepcKaH AHCCepTaIJ;HH, 3arn;Hrn;eHHaH B
1869 rOAY). nOcAe B03Bparn;eHHH H3 noe3AKH B EHPMY B
1886 rOAY OH BbIcrynaeT nepBooTKpbIBaTeAeM IJ;eAOrO pHAa
Ba>KHbIX naMHTHHKOB 6YMHHCKOH AHTeparypbI, ny6AHKYH
HX TeKCTbI B H3AaHHHx J\OHAoHcKoro 06rn;ecTBa no H3yqe-
HHIO AHTeparypbI Ha H3bIKe naAH.
-242-
PYCCKaH J1HJJ:J.1H
=
=
rAaBHbIH TPYA V1BaHa naBAOBHqa B 06AaCTH 6YMOAO-
rHH - KHHra «EYMH3M. V1ccAeAOBaHH5I H MaTepHaJ\.bI».
K CO)l{aAeHHIO, rrpH )l{H3HH aBTopa, B 1887 rOAY, BbIllieA
AHIIIb rrepBbIH TOM M pa60Ta OCTaAaCb H'e3aBepIIIeHHOH. 3TO
HccAeAoBaHHe V1.n. MHHaeBa 6bIAO rrepeBeAeHo Ha cppaH-
QY3CKHH 5I3bIK H BbICOKO oQeHeHo ero COBpeMeHHHKaMH.
V1.n. MHHaeB Bo06rn;e rrpHAaBaA 60AbliiOe 3HaqeHHe Bce-
CTopoHHeMY H3yqeHHIO MaTepHaAbHbIX rraM5ITHHKOB 6YA-
AHHCKOH KYAbrypbI, 0 qeM cBHAeTeAbcTBYIOT ero BeCbMa
rrpocTpaHHbIe M TOqHbIe orrHCaHH5I 6YMHHCKHX xpaMoB,
cryrr M T. A., BHAeHHbIx HM BO BpeM5I ero rryreIIIecTBHH rro
cTpaHaM lO)I{HOH A3HH.
Ero rAaBHbIe cpHAoAOrHqeCKHe, B TOM qHCAe Y3KOAMHrBH-
CTHqeCKHe, pa60TbI TaK)I{e HerrocpeACTBeHHO CB5I3aHbI C HC-
CAeAOBaHH5IMH B 06AaCTM 6YMH3Ma. He06xOAHMO BbIAeA Tb
oc060 ero AOKTOpCKyro AHccepTaQHIO - «OqepK cpOHeTH-
KH H MopcpOAorHH 5I3bIKa rraAH» (1872). 3Ta pa60Ta 6bIAa
rrpH3HaHa AyqIIIeH rpaMMaTHKoH rraAH M5I CBoerQ- BpeMe-
HH. B 1874 rOAY OHa 6bIAa rrepeBeAeHa Ha cppaHQY3CKHH,. B
1875 rOAY - Ha aHrAMHcKHH 5I3bIK. V13BecTHo, qTO B Te rOAbI
HMeHHO rro rpaMMaTHKe MHHaeBa H3yqaAC5I rraAH B V1HAHH
M EHpMe.
HeCKOAbKO OC06H5IKOM CTOHT ero HayqHo-rrorrYMlpHbIH
«OqepK Ba)l{HeHIIIHX rraM5ITHHKOB caHcKpHTCKOH AMTepa-
rypbI». 3TO - rrepBa5I PyccKa5I CBOAHa5I pa60Ta rro ApeBHe-
HHAMHCKOH AHTeparype. OHa OTAHqaeTC5I MHO)l{eCTBOM rrpe-
BOCXOAHbIX rrepeBOAOB OTpbIBKOB - 06pa3QOB pa3AHqHbIX
)l{aHpOB ApeBHeHHAHHCKOH AMTeparypbI, HHKoprropHpOBaH-
HbIX MHHaeBbIM B OCHOBHOH TeKCT. MHorHe qaCTHbIe BbIBO-
AbI H Ha6AIOAeHH5I MHHaeBa He YCTapeAH.
TpeTblO rpyrrrry HHAOAOrHqeCKHX pa60T V1.n. MHHae-
Ba COCTaBMlIOT HCTopHKo-reorpacpHqeCKHe HCCAeAOBaHH5I.
Ero BHHMaHHe cocpeAOTOqHBaeTC5I Ha Borrpocax HCTOpHqe-
CKOH reorpacpHH, HCTOpHH reorpacpHH H reorpacpHqeCKHX
OTKpbITHH.
no rrepBOH rrp06AeMaTHKe HerrpeXOMIrn;yro QeHHOCTb
rrpeACTaBMleT HCCAeAOBaHHe rraAHHCKHX HCTOqHHKOB, rro-
3BOAMBIIIee peKOHCTpYHpOBaTb CB5I3H ApeBHeH V1HAHH C Ba-
BHAOHOM. Pe3YAbTaTbI 3Toro HCCAeAOBaHH5I 6bIAM 0606rn;e-
HbI V1.n. MHHaeBbIM B He60AbliiOH CTaTbe - «HOBbIe cpaKTbI
OTHOCHTeAbHO CB5I3H ApeBHeH V1HAHH C 3arrClAoM» (1870).
-243-
H.H. HerrOMHHIll:JifH
=
=
B H3BeCTHOH CTeneHH nOrpaHHqHOe MeCTO Me>KAY pa60-
TaMH no HCTOpHH reorpacpHH M HCTOpHqeCKOH reorpacpHH
3aHHMaeT ero KanHTaJ\.bHbIH TPYA «CBeAeHH5I 0 CTpaHax no
BepXOBb5IM AMy-AapbH», BbIIIIeAIIIeH B 1879 rOAY. 3Ta pa-
60Ta H nOHbIHe COXpaH5IeT CBoe 3HaqeHHe KaK MCTOqHHK no
HCTOpHH reorpacpHH H HCTOpHqeCKOH reorpacpHM paHoHa
naMHpa H conpeAeAbHbIx 06AacTeH.
B 06AacTH HCTOpHqeCKOH reorpacpHH H.n. MHHaeB npe-
>KAe Bcero HHTepecoBaJ\.C5I paHHMM 3TanOM OTKpbITH5I H HC-
cAeAoBaHH5I HHAHH co CTOpOHbI EBpOnbI. BOT nOqeMY OH
YAeAHA CTOAb 60AbiliOe BHHMaHHe TeKcry «3anHCOK» MapKO
nOAO. H.n. MHHaeBbIM 6bIA BbInOAHeH AyqIIIHH Ha PYCCKOM
5I3bIKe, nOAJlliHHO HayqHbIH nepeBoA 3Toro CTapocppaHIJ;Y3-
CKoro TeKcTa, H3AaHHbIH Y>Ke nOCAe ero cMepTH, B 1902 rOAY,
nOA peAaKIJ;HeH BbIAalOrn;erOC5I PyccKoro BOcToKoBeAa aKa-
AeMHKa B.B. EapTOAbAa.
KaK nepeBOAqHK H KOMMeHTaTop MapKo nOAO H.n. MH-
HaeB nOpa>KaeT Hac CBoeH 3PYAHIJ;HeH, IOBeAHpHOH TeXHH-
KOH nepeBOAa, qTO 06eCneqHAO ero HeOAHOKpaTHbIe nepe-
H3AaHH5I.
H.n. MHHaeB, CAeAaBIIIHH TaK MHoro M5I YCTaHOBAeHH5I
KYAbTYPHbIX CB5I3eH POCCHH C HHAMeH, He Mor, eCTeCTBeH-
HO, He HHTepeCOBaTbC5I HCTopHeH PYCCKO-HHAHHCKMX OTHO-
IIIeHHH. rAaBHoe MeCTO B 3TOH rpynne pa60T MHHaeBa 3aHH-
MaeT ero 3aMeqaTeAbHOe HccAeAoBaHHe «CTapa5I HHAH5I. 3a-
MeTKH Ha uXO>KeHHe 3a TPH MOp5I AcpaHaCH5I HHKHTMHa"»,
BbIIIIeAIIIee B 1881 rOAY
3Tapa60TaAaJ\.eKonepepocAanepBOHaqaJ\.bHwH3aMwceA
ee aBTopa - c03AaTb HayqHbIH KOMMeHTapHH K TeKcry «Xo-
>KeHH5I». no CyrH AeAa, 3TO 6AeCT5Irn;ee HCCAeAOBaHHe no npo-
6AeMaM HCTOpHH HHAHH XV-XVI BeKOB. 3aMeqaTeAbHO, qTO
H.n. MHHaeB npHBAeK M5I cpaBHHTeAbHo-McTopH ecKoro
H3yqeHH5I He TOAbKO MaTepMaJ\.bI HHAHHCKMX, APyrHx BOC-
TOqHbIX H eBponeHCKHX HCTO HHKOB, HO M AaHHbIe, c06paH-
HbIe HM BO BpeM5I noe3AKH no MaxapailiTpe, rAe 3a HeCKOAb-
KO BeKOB AO 3Toro 6bIBaJ\. M HHKHTHH.
EOAbiliOH HHTepec npeACTaBMleT MeTOAHKa MHHaeBa -
MCCAeAOBaTeMl «XO>KeHH5I» AcpaHaCH5I HMKHTMHa. KOM-
MeHTHpY5I KaKoe-AM60 MeCTO H3 3anMCOK PYCCKoro nyreIIIe-
CTBeHHHKa, yqeHbIH He TOAbKO conOCTaBMleT CBeAeHM5I HM-
KHTHHa C AaHHbIMH APyrHx HCTOqHHKOB, HO H AaeT BeCbMa
-244-
PYCCKaH J1HJJ:Jif.H
=
=
rrOAHoe aHaAHTHt.JeCKOe OnHCaHHe ynoMHHaeMoro B «XO)Ke-
HHH» HHCTHTyrTa HAH 5IBAeHH5I 3KOHOMHqeCKOH, COIJ;HaAbHOH
HAM AYXOBHOH )KH3HH HHAHH XVI BeKa, ,qaCTO rrpOCAe)KHBa5I
ero AaAbHeHllIYIO 3BOAlOIJ;HIO BrrAOTb AO cOBpeMeHHoH MH-
HaeBY 3nOXH.
K 3TOMY HCCAeAoBaHHIO H.n. MHHaeBa TeMaTHqeCKH
rrpHMbIKaeT ero He60AbllIa5I pa60Ta «PyccKHe rrOMbICAbI 06
HHAHH B CTapHHY», rrpeACTaBMlIOrn;a5I rrpeBocxoAHbIH pa3-
" comlnm« Ie Itutt matt ).Uut: efr tts 1ttcrUnttC6 ... J
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: 1 \ " grtUtDa{}1UB JtttulO.Um tpn paJnrtfatptm...ar 'agiin
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-245-
H. H. HerrOMHHIll:JifH
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60p H3BeCTHbIX B TO BpeMH CBeAeHHH 0 PYCCKO-HHAHMCKHX
OTHOllIeHHHX XVI-XVIII BeKOB. HanHcaHHaH no nOBoAY H3-
AaHHH B 1884 rOAY A. K06eKo AOKYMeHTa, OTHOCHrn;erOCH K
nonbITKe 3aBH3aTb AHnAOMaTHqeCKHe OTHOllIeHHH C I1HAH-
eH, rrpeAnpHHHToH npH Qape AAeKcee MHxaHAOBHqe, 3Ta
pa60Ta MHHaeBa BbIIlIAa AaAeKO 3a paMKH 06bIqHOH >Kyp-
HaAbHOH peQeH3HH H npH06peAa 3HaqeHHe caMOCTOHTeAb-
Horo HayqHoro HCCAeAoBaHHH.
C reorpacpHeH H 3THorpacpHeH MHHaeBa CBH3bIBaAa ero
pa3HocTopOHHHH AeHTeAbHOCTb KaK OAHoro H3 BeAyrn;Hx
qAeHOB PyccKoro reorpacpHqeCKOrO 06rn;ecTBa, B KOTopoe
OH 6bIA H36paH B 1871 rOAY. Ha nAeqH MHHaeBa AerAa 3Ha-
qHTeAbHaH qaCTb HayqHo-opraHH3aQHoHHoH pa60TbI B 06-
rn;eCTBe, oc06eHHo no ero 3THorpacpHqeCKoMY oTAeAeHHlO,
nOCAe Toro KaK B 1878 rOAY OH 6bIA H36paH qAeHOM COBeTa
06rn;ecTBa.
HaKoHeQ, HaH60Aee MHOrOqHCAeHHYIO rpyrrny HHAO-
AOrHqeCKHX pa60T (OKOAO nHTHAeCHTH ony6AHKOBaHHwx)
I1BaHa flaBAOBHqa COCTaBMlIOT HCCAeAoBaHHH no np06Ae-
MaM cOBpeMeHHoH eMY I1HAHH. QCHoBHoe MeCTO cpeAH HHX
3aHHMaIOT MHOrOqHCAeHHbIe HayqHo- ny6AHQHcTHqeCKHe
CTaTbH, HO QeHTpaAbHOe MeCTO OCTaeTCH 3a BbIllieAIlIHMH B
1878 rOAY «QqepKaMH 14eHAoHa H I1HAHH. 113 nyreBbIx 3a-
MeTOK PyccKoro», a TaK>Ke 3a BnepBbIe ony6AHKOBaHHbIMH
B 1955 rOAY AHeBHHKaMH ero BToporo H TpeTbero nyrellIe-
CTBHH B I1HAHIO H EHPMY.
l1.fl. MHHaeB cOBepllIHA TPH nyrellIecTBHH Ha BOCTOK:
nepBbIH pa3 - B 1874-1875 rOAax - B I1HAHIO, Ha 14eHAoH,
B HenaA; BTOpOH pa3 - B 1880 rOAY - B I1HAHIO H TpeTHH
pa3 - B 1885-1886 rOAax - B I1HAHIO H EHPMY. 3TH ny-
TellIeCTBHH 3aHHMalOT oc060e MeCTO H B HayqHoH 6Horpa-
CPHH caMoro MHHaeBa, H B HCTOpHH PYCCKOH HHAOAorHH B
QeAOM.
Bo BpeMH nyrellIecTBHH MHHaeBbIM 6bIAH c06paHbI rpo-
MaAHbIe KOAAeKQHH PYKonHceH, 3THorpacpHqeCKHX MaTe-
pHaAOB H, HaKOHeQ, KHHr. Bce 3TH MaTepHaAbI, nepeAaH-
HbIe nOCAe CMepTH yqeHoro B pa3AHqHbIe HayqHbIe yqpe>K-
AeHHH J\.eHHHrpaAa, AO CHX nop HrpalOT pOAb cepbe3HoH
6a3bI pa3AHt.JHbIX oTpacAeH OTeqeCTBeHHoH HHAoAorHH.
B oc06eHHocTH 3TO OTHOCHTCH K KHH>KHbIM KOAAeKQHHM
l1.fl. MHHaeBa.
- 246-
PYCCKaH J1H.ICI1H
=
=
H.n. MHHaeB KaK HCCAeAoBaTeAb COBpeMeHHOH eMY HH-
AHH paCKpbIBaeTC5I ern;e OAHOH CTOpOHOH CBoero He3ayp5lA-
Horo AapOBaHH5I - KaK 6AeCT5Irn;HH ny6AHIJ;HCT. K 1870-M
rOAaM, BpeMeHM nepBbIX HayqHo-ny6AMIJ;HCTHqeCKHX BbI-
crynAeHHH H.n. MHHaeBa, B PYCCKOH )KypHaAHCTHKe CAO-
)KHAOCb CBoe BOCTOKOBeAqeCKOe HanpaBAeHHe. HayqHo-
ny6AHIJ;HCTHqeCKHe BbIcrynAeHH5I H.n. MHHaeBa B PYC-
CKOH npecce, HaCbIrn;eHHbIe cpaKTaMH, opHrHHaAbHbIMH H
rAy60KHMH MbICMlMH 3aMeqaTeAbHoro yqeHoro, 51pKHe H
)KHBbIe no CBoeH cpopMe, HeCOMHeHHO COCTaBMlIOT Ba)K-
HYIO Bexy B HCTOpHH AopeBOAIOIJ;HOHHOH BOCTOKOBeAqe-
CKOH ny6AHIJ;HCTHKH.
KaK B CBOHX 60Aee cpYHAaMeHTaAbHbIX pa60Tax, TaK H B
)KypHaAbHbIX H ra3eTHbIX CTaTb5lX MHHaeB paCCKa3aA PYC-
CKOH qHTalOrn;eH ny6AHKe npaBAY 06 aHrAHHCKOM KOAOHH-
aAbHOM pe)KHMe B HHAHH.
Bo BpeM5I CBOHX noe3AOK B HHAHIO H.n. MHHaeB CMor
y6eAHTbC5I B TOM, qTO aHrAHHCKa51 BepCH5I «PYCCKOH yrpo-
3bI», YCHAeHHO pacnpOCTpaH5IBIlIa5lC5I B CTpaHe, 6bIAa CBO-
ero pOAa KOHTpMepoH npoTHB pacryrn;Hx B HHAHHCKOM 06-
rn;eCTBe cHMnaTHH K POCCHH H PYCCKHM. «5I caM MOry nOA-
TBepAHTb, qTO BO Bce TPH MOH nyreIlIeCTBH5I no HHAHH 51
BCTpeqaA MHoro AI06e3HocTeH H BHAeA MHoro PClAYIlIH5I, H
He TOAbKO OT HHAHHCKHX naHAHTOB H npOCToro HapOAa, HO 51
He MOry no qHCTOH COBeCTH He oT6AarOAapHTb npaBHTeAeH
HH3aMa H HenaAa 3a HX COAeHCTBHe MHe H Bo06rn;e 3a HX ro-
CTenpHHMHbIH npHeM», - nHCaA H.n. MHHaeB.
3TH PYCOcpHAbCKHe HaCTpOeHH5I B HHAHH 6bIAH BbI3Ba-
HbI TeM, qTO MHorHe B 3TOH CTpaHe CB5I3bIBaAH HClAe bI Ha
oCB060 eHHe pOAHHbI C oCAa6AeHHeM AHrAHH B 60pb6e C
POCCHeH H BHAeAH B nOCAeAHeH CBoero COI03HHKa.
Bce 3TO He MorAO He 6bITb H3BeCTHbIM peaKIJ;HOHHOMY
PYKOBOACTBY POCCHHCKOH aKClAeMHH HaYK H neTep6yprCKO-
ro YHHBepCHTeTa. EAarOAap51 HHTpHraM 3THX KpyroB OH He
nOAyqHA BnOAHe 3aCAY)KeHHOrO HM 3BaHH5I aKClAeMHKa.
Pa60TbI H.n. MHHaeBa, ony6AHKOBaHHbIe ern;e npH )KH3-
HH yqeHoro, a TaK)Ke ero AHeBHHKH H t.JepHOBbIe Ha6poCKH
nOpa)KalOT rAy6HHoH H pa3HOCTOpOHHOCTbIO ero HHTepeca
K )KH3HH COBpeMeHHOH eMY HHAHH H conpeAeAbHbIX C HelO
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-247-
H.H. HerrOMHHIUJifM
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3AAOpbI (HHAH5I) 5 MapTa 1880 rOAa: «51 npO>KHA 3AeCb rAaB-
HbIM 06pa30M C apxeOAOrHqeCKOH QeAblO, qTO He nOMellIaAO
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HX nyrellIecTBHH no HHAHH H.n. MHHaeB BbICOKO OQeHHA
BbInOAHeHHbIe PYCCKHM XYAO>KHHKOM HAAIOcTpaQHH K 3TOH
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MHorHe AeC5ITHAeTH5I npolliAH co AH5I KOHqHHbI 3aMeqa-
TeAbHoro PyccKoro BOCTOKOBeAa H nyrellIecTBeHHHKa, H C
Tet.!eHHeM BpeMeHH Bce 60Aee qeTKO OC03HaeTC5I rpoMClAHa5I
pOAb, KOTOpylO CbIrpaA HBaH naBAOBHt.! B OTeqeCTBeHHoH
BOcToKoBeAt.!ecKoH HaYKe. Oc06eHHo BeAHK ero BKAClA B I1H-
AOAorHlO, 11 H.n. MHHaeB no npaBY MO>KeT CqHTaTbC5I OCHO-
BaTeAeM OTeqeCTBeHHoro HHAOBeAeHH5I.
(no MQmepUQAQM r. KomoBcKoro.)
- 248-
PYCCKMM XY D:O)l(HMK
B rMMAJIA5IX
= -
=
...HClA KaJ\.bKyrTOH BCTaBaJ\.O COAHu;e. CAOBHO CKa30qHbIH
npM3paK CKB03b yrpeHHlO1O TYMaHHYIO AbIMKY B ero Ayqax
BbIpaCTaJ\. HClA KpbIllIaMH AOMOB orpOMHbIH 6eAOMpaMopHbIH
KyrrOA, BeHqalOrn;HH MaCCHBHoe 3AaHHe C KOAOHHaMH H ap-
KaMH.
MY3eH «BHKTOpH5I-MeMopHaJ\.» - apxHTeKrypHa51 AOMH-
HaHTa MHOrOMHAAHOHHOrO ropoAa. OTKpbITbIH B qeCTb?H-
rAMHCKOH KopOAeBbI BHKTOpHH B 1921 rOAY, MeMopHaJ\. no
HpOHHH CYAb6bI Bcero qepe3 qeTBepTb BeKa, B 1947 rOAY,
KorAa MHAHHCKHH HapoA A06HAC5I He3aBHcHMoCTH,. CTaJ\. na-
M5ITHHKOM M caMoH 6pHTaHcKoH KOAOHHaJ\.bHOH HMnepHH,
)KeMqY)KHHOH KOTOpOH 6bIAa HHAH5I.
PaccKa3bIBaeT B. EaHKoB, B 1980-1990-e rOAbI c06cTBeH:-
HbIH KoppecnoHAeHT «npaBAbI» B HHAHH:
- EpoMI nOA ryAKHMH cBoAaMH MY3e5l, 51 B OAHOM H3 3a-
AOB YBHAeA orpoMHYlO, BO BCIO cTeHY, KapTHHY, KOTOpa5l,
CAOBHO MarHHT, npHT5IrHBaJ\.a K ce6e noceTHTeAeH: no YAHu;e
BOCTO'-lHOrO ropoAa, MHMO 3AaHHH C oCTpoBepxHMH 6allIeH-
KaMH, co CTpeAbqaTbIMH OKHaMH, 3a6paHHbIMH a)KypHbIMH
pellIeTKaMH, MHMO HHAYMcTcKoro xpaMa BeAHqaBO llIecTByeT
npOu;eCCH5I nOKpbITbIX AoporHMH nonOHaMH M KOBpaMH CAO-
HOB, Hecyrn;HX Ha CBOHX cnHHax HClAMeHHbIX rocnoA B llIH-
TbIX 30AOTOM MYHAMpax. rapU;YIOT p5lAOM Ha KpacaBu;ax )Ke-
pe6u;ax TeAoxpaHHTeAH C AAHHHbIMH 6aM6YKoBbIMH nHKaMH
B pyxax. OCAenHTeAbHO cBepKalOT Ha cOAHu;e HX CTaJ\.bHbIe
AaTbI H llIAeMbI. HAyr MHOrO'-lHCAeHHbIe cAyrH B 6eAOCHe)K-
HbIX oAe>I\Aax, MY3bIKaHTbI, 3HaMeHOCU;bI... nOAnHcb no A
KapTHHoH rAaCHT: «npou;eCCH5I CAOHOB B A>KaHnype no CAY-
'-lalO npHe3Aa B 1876 rOAY npHHu;a Y3AbcKOrO». ABTOp - xY-
A0)KHHK B. Bepern;arHH.
HeO)KHAaHHbIH H npH5ITHbIl'1 clOpnpM3! KOHeqHO )Ke, xo-
pOlliO H3BeCTHO, QTO 3HaMeHHTbIl'1 PYCCKHM )KHBOnHCeu; Ba-
cHAHM BacMAbeBM'-l Bepern;arHH ABa>KAbI, B 1874-1876-M H B
- 249-
H.H. HenOMHHIUMM
-=
=
1882 rOAax, nyrernecTBOBaA no I1HAHH. 3HaA 06 3TOM H 51, HO
He npeAnOAaraA, qTO ero pa60TbI eCTb B HHAHHCKHX MY3e5lX!
B.B. CTaCOBY, DeTep6ypr. BOCKpeceHbe, 10[22} Mapma
1874 roga.
MUAocmUBbzii rocygapb BAaguMup BaCUAbeBU1.J.!
Ha 6ygyw,eii HegeAe R yegy, HaBepHo; gyMalO CHa1.J.aAa gBU-
HymbcR, KOAU n03BOAum gopora, B COAOBell,Kuii MOHacmbzpb,
3ameM no Cu6upu B npuaMypcKuii Kpaii, JInoHulO, Kumaii,
Tu6em, l1HgulO. CgeAaiime 60)/{ecKYlO MUAocmb, npucoBe-
myiime, KaKue KHuru R MOry npuo6pecmu B gopory U KaKue
gOA.JKeH np01.J.Umamb y Bac B 6u6AuomeKe - U3 onUCbZBalO-
W,UX 3mom nymb C ero npupogolO U AlOgbMU. B nocAegHeM
CAY1.J.ae Hem AU B03MO)/{HOCmU nOAY1.J.umb HeCKOAbKO KHur Ha
gOM?
JI 3a6ery K BaM, eCAU n03BOAume, 3aBmpa UAU nOCAe-
3aBmpa.
npUMume YBepeHue B MoeM YBa)/{eHUU.
B. Bepew,arUH.
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KaAbKymmbl
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B rrepBYIO rrOe3AKY XY-
AO>KHHK 06'be3AHA MHOrHe
ropoAa H paHOHbI I1HAIfH.
Ho BCe CBOH 3TIOAbI, PH-
CYHKH, 3THOrpacpHqeCKHe
KOAAeK HH OTrrpaBHA B
DeTep6ypr. 3ClAYMaB C03-
AaTb 6oAbrnyIO >KHBOrrHC-
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B 20-30 KapTHHax, XYAO>K-
HHK rrpeArrpHHHA BTopoe
rryrernecTBHe B I1HAHIO.
B rrHCbMe K B. CTacoBY OH
pacKpbIBaeT 3aMblceA 3THX
KapTHH. «3TO 6YAeT HCTO-
pHH 3arpa6acTaHHH I1H-
AHH aHrAHqaHaMH»,- rrH-
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TaKOH 3aMbICeA B. Be-
pern;arHHa rrpHrneACH HBHO He rro BKYCY aHrAHHCKHM KOAO-
HHaAbHbIM BAaCTHM. B rreqaTH 6bIAa pa3BepHyra KaMrraHHH
AHCKpeAHTa HH XYAO>KHHKa. B pHAe rry6AHKa HH OH 6bIA
06BHHeH B TOM, qTO rryrernecTByeT rro I1HAHH KaK areHT u;ap-
CKoro rrpaBHTeAbCTBa, H3yqaH rryrH AMI rrpOHHKHOBeHHH
PYCCKHX B TH6eT H APyrHe a3HaTCKHe CTpaHbI.
XygO)J{HUK B.B. Bepew,aruH
B.B. CTaCOBY, Arpa. OKOAO 12/24 anpeMl 1875 roga.
nonpocume AHgpeR AAeKcaHgpoBU1.J.a KpaeBcKoro Hane-
1.J.amamb npuAaraeMYlO cmameuKY, HaugeHHYlO MHOlO CAY-
1.J.aUHO B OgHOU 3gewHeu ra3eme, U npomuB nocAegHeu 1.J.a-
cmu, m. e. nogo3peHuR MeHR B wnUOHcmBe, npomecmyume
caMblM 3HeprU1.J.eCKUM o6pa30M. BblcKa)/{ume, 1.J.mo y)/{e ogHa
MOR He3aBUCUMocmb, KaK 1.J.eAOBeKa U xygO)/{HUKa, UCK/1lO1.J.a-
em BCRKYlO B03MO)/{HOCmb nogo6Hblx nogo3peHuu. Hago6Ho
BaM CKa3amb, 1.J.mo HaMeKU Ha B03MO)/{HYlO 4eAb Moeu noe3g-
KU 6bZAU BblCKa3blBaeMbl U npe)/{ge, U R 6010Cb gyMamb, 1.J.mo
Korga R npegnpuMY mll1,ameAbHblu 0630p U 06'be3g rUMQAaU-
CKOU rpaHu4bl C ee B Bblcweu cmeneHU uHmepecHblMu cmpa-
HaMU U IlAeMeHaMU, nogo3peHuR 3mu o6pamRmcR B nOAO-
)/{UmeAbHYlO YBepeHHocmb. MeHR 6ecum ogHa MblCAb 0 mOM,
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nOlllAem 6e3 paC1.J.ema Ha acjJepy - acjJepa 6ygem B mOM, 1.J.mo
60Aee 6ygym 3Hamb MeHR KaK xygO)/{HUKa U, cAegoBameAbHO,
MeHee npegnoAaramb UlnUOHa. Mo)/{em 6blmb, malUKe nOHa-
g06umcR e e HeCKOAbKO 3K3eMnMlpOB gMll1HgUU.
3mlOgbl nOCblAalO Ha gHRX U caMblM nOAO)/{UmeAbHblM 06-
pa30M npoUlY HUKOMY He nOKa3blBamb. nOCblAalO MHoro KO-
cmlOMOB U gpyrux Be eu - Bce cmapble Be u. He06xogu-
MO Bblnpocumb nponYCK 3mlOgoB 6e3 maMO)/{eHHOrO gOCMO-
mpa. Bnp01.J.eM, R UKU C KocmlOMaMU MO)/{HO gocMampUBamb
CKOAbKO yrogHo - BepORmHO, HeMHoro npugemcR OIlAa1.J.U-
Bamb. Aapg)/{UAUHr - cmaHu,UR, C Komopou R omnpaBUACR
B cepgu,e rUMaA.aeB. ra3ema, B Komopoii R BcmpemUA 3my
cmameUKY, Ha3blBaemCR «Pioneer», ogHa U3 AYllUlUX B l1H-
guu. Jl menepb B Arpe, ye3)/{alO B KaUlMup. Y)/{ U )/{apu a )/{e
3gecb.
B. Bepe aruH.
B TaKoH 06cTaHoBKe pa60TaTb 6bIAO HeB03MO>KHO - npo-
6bIB B I1HAHH HeCKOAbKO MeC5IQeB r Bepern;arHH BepHYAC5I Ha
POAHHY. TaK H nOAyqHAocb r qTO Bce KpynHbIe pa60TbI Ha HH-
AHHCKyro TeMaTHKY OH nHCaA no CBOHM MHOrOqHCAeHHbIM
3TIOAaM H pHcYHKaM Y>Ke BAaAH OT 3K30THqeCKOH CTpaHbI.
B.B. CTacoBYr CHKKHM. 11/23 cjJeBpaA.5l 1875 roga.
Jl B caMou cepegKe rUMaA.aUeB, B MaA.OM KopoAeBcmBe
CUKKUM; B pe3ugeHu,ulO BeAUKoro MOHapxa 3mou cmpaHbl R
menepb HanpaBMllOCb U y)/{e 06MeHRAcR CHUM HeCKOAbKU-
MU BumueBamblMU nUCbMaMU U 60Aee CKpOMHblMU nogap-
KaMU. 3mo BpeMR 3aHUMaA.CR B 6yggucmcKux MOHacmblpRX,
a gonpe)/{b moro Ha Bblcome 15 mblC. cjJym[oB} 1.J.ymb He 3a-
Mep3 CO CBoelO cynpY)/{Huu,elO: CHer, KomopblM HaM npUlllAOCb
ugmu nocAegHuu geHb nog'beMa Ha ropy KaH1.J.UHra (28 mblC.
cjJ[ymoB}), ucnyraA. MOUX cnymHuKoB, U OHU 3a HaMU He U3BO-
AUAU nocAegoBamb. Me)/{gy meM nOUleA CHer, KomopblM npu-
lllAOCb U numambCR 3a HeUMeHueM gpyroii nu u, nomyUlUA
HaUl orOHb, U, Ka6bl He MOU oxomHUK, KomopblU 6blA C HaMU U
OmblCKaA. U yroBopUA ogHoro U3 AlOgeii BHecmu Ha ropy R UK
C egolO U HeCKOAbKO He06xoguMblX Be eii, npUlllAOCb 6bl IlAO-
-252-
PYCCKaH l1H.D:J1H
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MaAeHbKaR )KeHa, cAa6aR U MU3epHaR (Bbl ee BugeAu B 6u6AU-
omeKe). 3amo nOCAe, Korga nepBoe u3HypeHue npoUlAo, OHa,
He rOBopR xygoro CAOBa, rpOXHYAaCb. Auu,o Moe 3a HeCKOAb-
KO gHeii npe6blBaHuR Ha 3moii Bblcome HenoMepHo ony:x:Ao,
U KaKoe-mo cmpaUlHoe gaBAeHue Ha meMR, om Komoporo R
HenpeMeHHo YMep 6bl 1.J.epe3 napy npoMegAeHHblx gHeii, 3a-
cmaBUAO cnycmumbcR npe)Kge, 1.J.eM Bce 3mlOgbl, Komopble R
HaMepeBaACR cgeAamb, 6blAU rOmOBbl. CgeAalO e e nonblm-
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AUUlb Ha6poCKU, HO MHorue XOpOUlO KOH1.J.eHbl, U U3 maKOBblX
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C nOMo blO 3mux 3mlOgoB R HagelOcb cgeAamb, 6ygem, KaK
R gyMalO, UMemb He aHrAo-uHguiicKoe mOAbKO, a BceMupHoe
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Ha pamb, a XBUAUCb, e9Y1.J.u C pamu...
Jl mOAbKO 1.J.mo BopomUACR C oxombl Ha 06e3bRH, oxombl
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gUAO MeHR BaUle nUCbMO, )/{UBO nporHaBUlee MOIO gocagy He
mOAbKO Ha 06e3bRH, HO ga)/{e U Ha mY3eMl(eB, Pbl6oAOBOB, ne-
peropoguBUlUX peKY U 3anepeBUlUX pbl6y BblUle moro, rge no-
CAe MHororo mpyga R ycmaHoBUA BepUlY.
B. Bepe aruH.
KapTHHa «npOIJ;eCCH5I CAOHOB B A>KaMrrype», rro MbIC-
AH Bepern;arHHa, 3arreqaTAeAa TPIfYMCP aHrAHHCKoro BAa-
AbIqeCTBa, CHMBOAH3HPY5I 3aBepII1eHHe OKOHqaTeAbHoro
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C5I B rrOKopeHHYIO CTpaHY KaK BHIJ;e-KOpOAb, Ha3HaqeHHbIH
aHrAHMCKOH KopOAeBOH yrrpaBA5ITb orpOMHOH KOAOHHeH.
OH - rAaBHoe AeHCTBYIOrn;ee AHIJ;O rrbIII1HOH rrpou;ecclflf.
rOPAO BocceAaeT rrpHHIJ; Ha rrepeAHeM CAOHe B rr030AOqeH-
HOM rraAaHKHHe. K «eBporreHCKOMY carH6y» HaKAOH5IeTC5I
CHNlrn;HH p5lAOM HHAHHCKHH MarapClA)Ka. Bepern;arHH caM
6bIA OqeBHAu;eM AeMOHCTpaTHBHoro II1eCTBH5I. YKpbIBII1HCb
OT rrOCTopOHHHX AI0603HaTeAbHbIX B3rA51AOB, OH Ha6AIOAaA
3a TOp)KeCTBeHHOH BCTpeqeH rrpHHIJ;a Y3AbCKoro C 6aAKOHa
OAHoro H3 3AaHHH, CAeAaA 3apHCOBKH rrpOIJ;eCCHH.
HaxONlrn;a5lC5I B «BHKTOpH5I-MeMOpHaA» KapTHHa B. Be-
pern;arlfHa rrOpa)KaeT He TOAbKO 60raTCTBOM KpaCOK, HO H
pa3MepaMH. KaK MHe C006rn;HAH B AHpeKIJ;IfH MY3e5l, ee pa3-
MepbI 25 cpyrOB B II1HPHHY H 1 7 B BbICOry (3TO rrpHMepHo
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3a coxpaHHocTblO KapTHHbI cAeAHA pecTaBpaTop CaHKap
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- 254-
PYCCKaH l1H.D:MH
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P06HO, cpyr 3a cpyrOM, I1CCAeAOBaAOCb TPH rOAa Ha3CiA. HallI
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A KaK >Ke KapTHHa Bepern;arHHa OKa3aAaCb B KaAbKYIT-
CKOM MY3ee - BeAb rro OAHOH H3 BeCbMa pacrrpocTpaHeH-
HbIX BepCI1H OHa BCKope rrOCAe Toro, KaK XYAO>KHHK 3aKOH-
qHA HCiA HeH pa60ry B 1879 rOAY, rrorraAa B qaCTHbIe PYKI1?
Ha 3TOT Borrpoc CaHKap PeH He CMor OTBeTHTb. DpH-
llIAOCb rrOKorraTbCH B apXHBax MY3eH. B KOHu;e KOHU;OB HaT-
KHYACH Ha CAeAYIOrn;ylO crrpaBKY: «DOAapeHa B 1905 rOAY
(roA, KorAa 6bIA 3aAO>KeH MY3eH «BHKTopHH-MeMOpHaA»)
MarapClA>KeH A>KaHrrypa, KOTOpbIH rrpH06peA KapTHHYY r-Ha
3ABapAa M3AAeH (HblO-XeHBeH, ClIlA)>>.
Aap, cAeAoBaTeAbHO, cAeAaH TeM caMbIM MarapClA>KeH, KO-
TOpbIH 3arreqaTAeH Ha KapTHHe PHAOM C rrpHHu;eM Y3AbCKHM.
Ho KTO TaKOH 3. M3AAeH? 11 KaK KapTHHa OKa3aAaCb B
ClIlA? MO>KeT, KTO-HH6YAb CMO>KeT OTBeTHTb Ha 3TH BO-
rrpOCbI?
(113 KHuru «01.J.epKU nymewecmBUR B rUMQAaU r-Ha U r- u
Bepell1,arUHblX». M., 1883 r.)
Mbl BbleXQAU U3 AeAu Ha YMpumcap U Aarop; YMpumcap
npoeXQAU, He ocmaHaBAUBaRCb: Ha cmaHu,uRX no 06blKHOBe-
HUlO Macca mY3eMu,eB, AOMRll1,UXCR, gaBRll1,UX gpyr gpyra y BXO-
ga U mepneAUBO BblHOCRll1,UX ygapbl nQAKU nOAuu,eiicKoro.
npueXQAU B Aarop H01.J.blO U HeHagoAro ocmaHOBUAUCb,
1.J.m06bl nOnOAHUmb KOMIlAeKIIl Hawux cAyr. HaHRAU, BO-
nepBblX, Eucmu, m. e. BogoHoca, xygOll1,aBoro MYCYAbMaHUHa
C )KUBblMU rAa3aMU, K/luHoo6pa3Hoii 60pOgKOii, 060pBaHHO-
ro, HO npomUB 06blKHOBeHUR He 01.J.eHb AeHUBoro; BO-BmopblX,
Ao6u, - npa1.J.KY (MY)KCKarO nOAa), MQAeHbKOro, go HeAb3R
nogBU)KHOrO 1.J.eAOBe1.J.Ka, Bcerga pacnpocmpaHRlOll1,ero OKO-
AO ce6R gypHoii 3anax, HO HegypHo MOlOll1,ero; HaKoHeu, na-
Bap1.J.U, UAU nOBapa, malUKe MYCYAbMaHUHa C pa36oiiHU1.J.beii
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Hac ell1,e U3 Arpbl.
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-255-
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pe3,4;KYMHY, a nOKaMecm nepemall1,UAucb 1.J.epe3 peKY caMblM
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B rY3epa6age 6blA UHgyCCKUU npa3gHuK (16 anpeA5l), HO
HaM 6blAO He go Hero, npUUlAOCb pa36upamb U co6upamb
HaUlU 3aMOKUlue, C mpygoM npumall1,UBUlueCR Bell1,U. Mbl
3aKa3QAU 3gecb gA5l rop He6oAbUlYlO gBOUHYlO nQAamKY -
3geUlHRR mlOpbMa, no npuMepy ,4;K060AbHOPCKOU, npuro-
mOBA5lem UX Bcex copmOB, BeAU1.J.UH U 4eH; o6ell1,QAu BblCAamb
HaM BCAeg, Ha UMR pe3ugeHma B KaUlMupe.
npoeXQAU om ropoga n01.J.mOlO )Ke, ell1,e OgHY cmaH4uR go
gepeBHu BUM6ap, U Ha gopore He BcmpemUAU HU1.J.erO 3aMe-
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3mom He mOAbKO He eXQA Ha Bep6AlOge, HO, HanpomUB, Hec
ero Ha IlAe1.J.ax; cnpaBegAuBo, ogHaKo, npu6aBumb, 1.J.mo Bep-
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- 256-
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rpR3Horo cmaHu,UOHHoro gOMUKa. Aocm u Ha 6a3ape KpO-
Bamu U cnQAU Ha gBope. Ha gpyrou. geHb Aowageu. U HOCUAb-
Ul,UKOB He OKa3QAOCb, maK KaK UX 6blAO MQAO, a )/(eAalOUl,UX
examb B KawMUp MHoro. My)/{ MOU. 3anUCQA CBOlO )/{QAo6y B
KHUry, KomopaR maKUM o6pa30M YKpacUAacb npou3BegeHu-
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MOmHOu. aHrAUu.CKOU. np03bl.
He CKOpO ygQAOCb co6pamb HY)/{HOe 1.J.UCAO HOCUAbUl,UKOB;
ux npuBogUAu B OgHY gBepb, a OHU y6erQAu B gpyrylO. npu-
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cgeAaAU no BblCWeu. cmeneHU UHmepeCHOu. gopore, no 3Ha-
MeHumOMY cmapOMY l1MnepamopCKOMY nymu, no KomopOMY
mblCRllU Aem gBUraAUCb U3 KaWMupa B l1HgulO U U3 l1HgUU
B KaWMUp, AagaK U gaAbWe moproBu,bl, nymewecmBeHHUKU,
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gulO, 3molO )/{e goporolO U UHgUU.U,bl XOgUAU nOKopRmb rop-
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porolO BeAUKue MorOAbl nepee3)/{aAU nOllmu Ka)/{gorogHo B
CBOU AemHue pe3ugeHu,uu Ha KaWMupCKUX 03epax. Ha OgHOM
nepeBaAe gopora ugem CIlAOWb no rOAOMY ymecy, B mBep-
gou. nopoge Komoporo Bbl6umbl mblCRlleAemHUMU gBU)/{e-
HURMU rAy60Kue npaBUAbHble KOAeu. Mbl c AlO6onblmcmBOM
CMompeAU Ha 3my )/{UBYlO AemonUCb comeH BeKOB; 1J.ero, 1J.ero
He MorAU 6bl nepeCKa3amb, eCAU 6bl MorAU, 3mu KaMHU, 1J.ero,
llero OHU He BugeAU!..
ITOE 3L(KA ITO J1HL(J1J1
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(113 KHUrU KHR3R 3.3. YxmoMcKoro «nymewecmBue Ha
BocmOK Ero l1MnepamopcKoro BblC01.J.eCmBa rocygapR Ha-
cAegHuKa LIeCapeBU1.J.a 1890- 1891».)
...AaBHO HOCHAMCb CAYXH 0 TOM, qTO BbICOqaHrne rrpeArro-
AO>KeHO AaAeKOe H MHorOTpYAHoe rryrernecTBHe rOCYAap51 Ha-
cAeAHHKa u;eCapeBHqa Ha MHAHIO H KHTaH, C B03Bparn;eHHeM
06paTHO HAM qepe3 AMepHKY HAM qepe3 6eCKOHeqHyro CH-
6Hpb. B03MO>KHOCTb COBeprneHH5I TaKoro rrpOAOA>KHTeAbHOrO
H orraCHoro rryrerneCTBH5I CHaqaAa Ka3aAaCb rrOAO/KHTeAbHO
Hec6bITOqHOIO; Kor Aa >Ke K BeCHe H K Aery 1890 rOAa ocyIri;ecT-
BAeHHe 3aMbICAa CTaAO 6AM3KHM H HeCOMHeHHbIM, rroAP06HO-
CTH 0 Bep05lTHbIX Maprnpyrax eCTeCTBeHHO rrpHBAeKAH Bce-
06rn;ee BHHMaHHe, H60 K a51 A0A>KHa 6bIAa rroAyqHTb B 6y-
Ayrn;eM oc060e KYAbrypHO-HCTOpHqeCKOe OCBern;eHHe. HClA
COCTaBAeHHeM rrporpaMMbI rocYAapcTBeHHO-BCl)KHOrO rryre-
rneCTBH5I rroTpYAHAMCb BocrrHTaTeAb u;eCapeBHqa, reHepaA-
ClA'bIOTaHT f.f. AaHHAOBHq, H3BecTHbIH reorpacp A.M. BoeH-
KOB H KarrHTaH l-ro paHra H.H. J\OMeH, BrrOCAeACTBHH KOMaH-
AHP cpperaTa «OaM5ITb A30Ba», Ha KOTOpOM 6AarorroAyqHo
COBeprnHAOCb 3HaMeHaTeAbHOe rrAaBaHHe.
OAaH rryrerneCTBH5I rro MHAHH 6bIA COCTaBAeH rrpeHMyrn;e-
CTBeHHO rro YKa3aHH5IM rrpocpeccopa CaHKT- OeTep6yprcKoro
YHHBepcHTeTa A.M. BoeHKoBa, rrpH cOAeHcTBHH Harnero rro-
CAa B ARrAHH. YHCAO AHU;, H36paHHbIx AMI HeoTAyqHoro
cOrrpOBO)K.AeHH5I ero HMrrepaTopcKoro BbICOqeCTBa, 6bIAO
BeCbMa OrpaHHqeHO H COCTOHAO H3: rAaBHoro PYKoBOAH'I'e-
A51, 06AeqeHHOrO AOBepHeM focYAap51 HMrrepaTopa, CBHTW
ero BeAHqeCTBa reHepaA-MaMOpa KH5I351 BA. AR. Eap5lTHH-
CKoro, cpAHreAb-ClA'bIOTaHTa KH5I351 H.A. 060AeHcKoro H KH5I-
351 B.C. Koqy6e5l.
3a HeCKOAbKO AHeM AO OTbe3Aa, C BbICOqaMrnerO rr03BOAe-
HH5I, MeH5I oTKoMaHAHpOBaAH H3 AerrapTaMeHTa HHocTpaH-
- 259-
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B paCIIOpH)KeHHe KHH3H
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caprHH. TOAbKO rrHTb BbIrneynoMHHyrbIX AHQ HaxOAHAHCb rrpM
oCQ6e ero HMrrepaTopCKoro BbICOqeCTBa C MHHYTbI OT6bITHH
H3 faTtIHHbI 23 OKTH6pH 1890 rOAa AO B03Bpa eHHH AOMOH
16 aBrycTa 1891 rOAa.
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H3 faTqHHbI rro BaprnaBcKoH )KeAe3HOH Aopore Ha lOr. 113-
BHBalO aHCH Ayra rrpeACTOH eH AoporH rrpOAeraeT qepe3
BaprnaBY, BeHY, TpHeCT, fpeQHlO, ErHrreT, AAeH, I1HAHIO,
U:eHAOH, CHHrarryp, EOTaBHlO, CHaM, <DpaHQY3CKHe KOAO-
HHH, KHTaH, .HrroHHIO H, HaKOHeQ, 6e3rpaHHqHYlO BOCTOq-
HYIO POCCHIO.
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TeAbHOe rryrernecTBHe, a KaK Ha HCrrOAHeHHe AOAI'a, KaK Ha
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BrrocAeAcTBHH 6bITb rrOAe3HbIMH Ha cAY)K6e rocYAaplO H OT-
eqeCTBY. B CH6Hpb QecapeBHqa BAeKAO Ba)KHOe H rrOAHTH-
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KHTaH H .HrroHHH. B O)KHAaHHH rryrellIecTBHH QecapeBHqa B
nHpeHCKOM rropTY C06paAaCb HallIa 3CKClApa, B COCTaB KO-
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Ba», «BAClAHMHp MOHOMax» H KaHOHepCKaH AOAKa «3arropo-
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EOM6eu u 3AecjJaHma
TOM I, t.zacmb II
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eTCH KHAbBaTepHoro KOAOHHOH, 3aMbIKaeMOH «-KOpHHAO-
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qTO MbI 3aMeqeHbI.
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AeHHH HallIHX CYAOB. J\.OQMaH YKa3bIBaeT Ha MeCTO CTOHHKH.
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KarrHTaH EpaKeH6YPH, KaK cTapllIHH Ha peHAe HeMeMeHHO
rrpHe3)KaeT C BH3HTOM Ha «naMHTb A30Ba», BCAeA 3a HHM C
6epera HBMIIOTCH rrpeAcTaBHTbcH rocYAaplO HacAeAHHKY Ha-
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«Russia», HCKYCHbIH AHrrAOMaT H 6bIBllIHH ceKpeTapb rrpe)K-
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H rrOAKOBHHK EeHraAbCKOH apMHH A>KepapA, COrrpOBO>KAae-
MbIH ABYMH THrrHqHbIMH TY3eMHbIMH ocpHQepaMH.
HaCAeAHHK QecapeBHq H3BOMIT OTrrpaBHTbC5I B EOM6eH C
KH. EapHTHHCKHM, AOKTOpOM PaM6axOM, TpeMH rBapAeHCKH-
MH ocpHQepaMH-OPAHHapQaMH, aKBapeAHCTOM rpHQeHKO H
aBTopOM 3TOH KHHrH.
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HOH raBaHH - pe3Ko BbIAeMIIOTCH Me>KAY npOqHMH BoeHHbI-
MH H KOMMepqeCKHMH cYAaMH.
AxMega6ag
TOM I, t.zacmb II
...MbI B'he3)KaeM B rpClA «AxMeAa», Ha3BaHHbIH TaK no
HMeHH 3HaMeHHToro cYATaHa, u;apcTBoBaBrnero B rYA>Ke-
paTe C HaqaAa XV BeKa H 3AeCb HMeHHO OCHOBaBrnero CBOIO
CTOAMU;Y, pa3pocrnYIOCH BnOCAeACTBHH AO rpaHAH03HbIX
pa3MepOB. CTaHU;HH, KaK H Be3Ae, KpaCMBO AeKopHpOBaHa.
nAaTcpopMa YCTAaHa KpaCHbIM CYKHOM. MHHHbIH nOqeT-
HbIl1: KapaYA, HapOQHO npHBe3eHHbIM H3 EOM6eH, BbICTaBAeH
rAOCTepCKHM nOAKOM.
...HaCAeAHHK HanpaBMIeTCH OCMaTpMBaTb CTOAHU;Y rYA-
)KepaTa. "4eM AaAbrne npOABMraernbCH OT CTaHU;HH K u;eHTpy
ropOAa, TeM ryru;e neCTpbIe TOAIIbI AI060nbITHbIX, TeM 3BYQ-
Hee TY3eMHaH peQb BOKPyr HarneM KOMICKH, TeM OCH3aTeAb-
HeM AeMcTByeT cOBeprneHHo HOBaH H AOBOAbHO AHKOBHHHaH
06CTaHoBKa. ABrycTeMrnHe nyrernecTBeHHHKH B'he3)KaIOT
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AMCb cerOAHH IIOCMOTpeTb Ha BbICOK0I:0 rOCTH.
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OKOAO )KeAe3HOAOp0)KHOH CTaH HH, rAaCHAO: «MHAOCTH
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KOTOpOM 06pHCOBbIBaAaCb cpHrypa AerKOMbICAeHHoro HaJ\.5I,
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co 3AellIHMM rrpaBHTeAbcTBoM. LJepe3 HeCKOAbKO AeT OHH
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-265-
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co06 eHHe C 3THM QeHTpoM 6bIAO KpaHHe 3aTpYAHHTeAbHO
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Myro HaCAeAHHKOM :o;ecapeBHqeM KperrOCTb AOCTorraMHTHeH-
IllHM rOCTeM rrpHe3>KaA paHbllIe, K MAe HbIHellIHero KHH3H,
rrpHH:O; Y3AbCKHH.)
KaAbKymma
TOM II, qaCmb I
...YTpOM MeCTHoe KyrreqeCTBO pa3AO>KHAO rrepeA KOMHa-
TaMI1 HaCAeAHHKa QecapeBHqa pa3HbIe He>KHbIe IlleAKa, rre-
peBHTbIe cepe6pHHbIMH H 30AOTbIMH 3Be3AoqKaMH, C KPY-
>KeBHbIMH YKpaIlleHHHMH H3 caMOQBeTHbIX KaMHeH. KpoMe
Toro rrpHHeceHbI 6bIAH Ha rrpOAa>KY BceB03MO>KHbIe 60>KKI1
pa3HoH BeAHqHHbI: H3 aAe6aCTpa C HaAO>KeHHbIMH Ha Hero
rpy6bIMH KpaCKaMH H MeTaAAHqeCKHe. Tyr >Ke rrpeMara-
AHCb THrpOBbIe KOCTH, BbICOKO QeHHrn;HeCH ry3eMQaMH KaK
TaAHCMaH.
...CTaHQHH Xaypa. Ern;e He KaAbKyrra, HO rrOqTH qTO aHa...
BOK3aA rreCTpo AeKopHpOBaH. Bo rAaBe co6paBllIHXCH: Map-
KM3 J\.3HCAOYH, BM:o;e-KOpOAb J1HAHI1 H C3p 4apAbc 3AAHOT,
EeHraAbCKHH reHepaA-ry6epHaTOp, co CBMTaMI1. fPOXOT ca-
-272-
PYCCKaH MHJJ:J1H
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AIOTa rrpHBeTcTByeT MOMeHT rrpH6bITHH pYCCKOrO rrpeCTOAO-
HaCAeAHHKa, rpeMHT «Eo>Ke, :o;apH XpaHM!».
...KapTHHa, rrpeACTaBMIeMaH peKOlO, qpe3BbIqaHHO AIO-
60rrbITHa rro OTKpbIBalOl1..\eMYCH 3a HeID H306HAHIO BeAHqe-
CTBeHHbIX 3AaHHH. XOTH B CTOAH:o;e CXOAHTCH qeTbIpe >Ke-
Ae3HOAOpO>KHbIe AHHMH, C00611..\eHHe BOAOIO MrpaeT Ba>K-
HeHI1lyro pOAb. npeAMeTbI BB03a H BbIB03a 6eCKOHeqHO
pa3Ho06pa3HbI: CKOT, yroAb, XAorrOK, OBOII.J;H H rrAOAbI, XAe6
M pHC, ryrarrepqa M CMOAbI, KO>KH, :O;HHOBKH, MaCAa, MeTaA-
AbI, orrHYM, cepa, I1leAK, rrpHHOCTH, COAb, BCHKoro pOAa Ma-
I1lMHbI. TeCHbIe KOMMepqeCKHe OTHOI1leHHH rrOMep>KHBaIOT-
CH He TOAbKO C AHrAHeH H Bo0611..\e C EBporrOH, HO H C HHAO-
KMTaeM, 5IrroHHeH, AMepHKOH, MbICOM A06pOH HClAe>KAbI H
ABcTpaAJ1eH. B KaAbKyrry 3a rOA rrpH6bIBaeT CBbII1le TbICHqH
OKeaHCKHX rrapoxOAOB H qeTbIpeXMaqTOBbIX rrapYCHbIX cy-
AOB, MOpCKHX rHraHTOB HOBeHI1leH KOHCTPYX:O;HH. Oco6eH-
HO XOpOI1l0 pa60TaeT H3BeCTHaH «Peninsular and Oriental»
KOMrraHHH, qaII.J;e cAbIByrn;aH rrOA COKpaII.J;eHHbIM H83BaHHeM
«nH3HAO» (P&O).
...Bce rryreI1leCTBeHHHKH rro HlIAHH, 3HaBI1lHe HaI1l ne-
Tep6ypr, OXOTHO cpaBHHBalOT ero rro BHeI1lHOCTH C KCiAb-
KyrrOH. CaMa cYAb6a o6eMx CTOAH:O; OTqaCTH CXOAHa. OCHO-
BaHHbIe rrpH6AH3HTeAbHO B OAHO H TO >Ke BpeMH H B pa3rap
60pb6bI BeAHKHX HapOAOB 3a rrpe06AaAaHHe B MHpe, OHH
rrapaAAeAbHO B03HHKAH Ha 60AOTHOH, MHa3MHqeCKOH rro-
qBe, OKOAO YCTbH 2-x HCTOpMqeCKH Ba>KHbIX peK, B OAHHaKO-
BbIe rrepHOAbI pa3BHBaAHCb, HBAHHCb OqaraMH 60APOH MbIC-
AM H CTpeMAeHHeM BrrepeA B Ha:O;HOHaAbHOM CMbICAe CAOBa,
rAe BOCTOKY rrpHxOAHTCH MaAO-rrOMaAY BbICKa3bIBaTbCH rrOA
HerrocpeACTBeHHO-CHAbHbIM BAHHHHeM 3arraAa M BCTaBaTb
Ha 3aII.J;Mry CBOMX HCKOHHbIX rrpaB. BMel1..\aH TbICHqH rrpeA-
CTaBMTeAeH B aHrAHHCKOM Ayxe 6paMMHO-MarOMeTaHCKOH
CTpaHbI, KaAbKyrra CTOAb >Ke THrrHqHO OAH:o;eTBopHeT B H3-
BeCTHOM OTHOI1leHMM Bce el1..\e ApeMAIOII.J;HH nOAYOCTPOB,
KaK «rpClA neTpa», HarrOAHeHHbIH yqal1..\HMHCH H3 EBporrbI,
Bce C03HaTeAbHee M pa3YMHee orrpeAeAHeT c06010 CAaBHHO-
HHOpOAqeCKHH BOCTOqHbIH MMp. Crrop A3HH H EBponbI 3a
HaCTOHl1..\ee pa3bIrpbIBaeTCH B ABYX ClAMHHHCTpaTHBHbIX :o;eH-
Tpax MHpa - H pa3YMelO neTep6ypr H KaAbKyrry.
...B 7 qaCOB 45 MHHyr - 06eA y MapKH3a J\3HcAOYHa
(c 90 npHrAaI1leHHbIMH), B qHCAe nOCAeAHHX - HCKAlOqM-
-273-
H.H. HerrOMHHIllJ1M
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TeAbHO - MY>KqHHbI. MecTHaH 3HaTb. TaK>Ke npHcyrcTBY-
lOT: rpeqeCKHH CBHrn;eHHHK OTe:o; H. OaHHaC H rpeqeCKHH
KOHCYA OeTpaKOqHHO. COBpeMeHHaH 3AAaAa, KaK BHAHO,
AaAbIlle HaIllerO IllarHYAa Ha KOMMepqeCKH Ba>KHbIH IOro-
BOCTOK. OpaBOCAaBHbIH XpaM BO HMH Ope06pa>KeHHH fo-
CnOAHH Tyr cyrn;ecTByeT Y>Ke C 1780 rOAa, KorAa TorAaIllHHH
reHepaA-ry6epHaTop YoppeH facTHHrc, >KeHaTbIH Ha ypo-
>KeHKe H3 ApXaHreAbCKa, rrepBbIH nOArrHCaA Ha coopY>KeHHe
3TOH :o;epKBH 2 TbIC. Py6. .
ApxHenHcKorr M5I J1HAHH H :WeHAoHa - A;KOHCOH (The
Right Reverend Lord Bishop & Metropolitan) 6AarocAoBAH-
eT Tparre3Y. PHAOM C HaCAeAHHKOM caAHTCH BI1:o;e-KopoAb
H EeHraAbcKHH reHepaA-ry6epHaTop. B KOH:o;e 06eAa rrpo-
B03rAaIllalOTCH TOCTbI 3a rocYAapH I1MnepaTopa H eH BeAH-
qeCTBO «Queen Empress», 3a aBrycTeHIllHx rryreIllecTBeH-
HHKOB. TPYAHO ce6e rrpeAcTaBHTb 6aHKeT OpHrl1HaAbHee
H 3HaMeHaTeAbHee Taro, Ha KOTOpOM MbI cerOAHH npHcyr-
cTByeM. B orrpaBe BOCTOqHOrO BeAI1KOAerrHH, cpeAI1 He-
CAbIIllHO CKOAb3Hrn;HX 6eCqHCAeHHbIX cAyr-HHopOA:o;eB,
cpaKTHqeCKH npaBHrn;aH J1HAHH qeCTByeT rrpH6bITHe BbI-
COKoro rOCTH, rroqepnalOrn;ero e>KeAHeBHO Ha nyrH pa3HO-
CTopOHHeHIllHe AaHHbIe 06 HCKyccTBe eBponeH:o;eB pacrro-
pH>KaTbCH A3HeH, 0 ee BeAHKOM npOIllAOM H HeonpeAeAeH-
HOM 6YAyrn;eM, 0 3aAaqax HCTHHHOH MHpOBOH KYAbTypbI
Ha BocToKe.
...B J1HAHH AaBHO Y>Ke OTAHqaeTCH HeKoTopbIM BAHHHH-
eM apMHHCKHH 3AeMeHT, HHKorAa He rropbIBaBIllHH AYXOB-
HbIX CBH3eH C 3qMHClA3HHOM. Opl1 Ka>KAOM H36paHHI1 KaTO-
AHKoca B npeAeAax POCCHH eCTb rOAOC H OT era eAHHOBep:o;eB
C faHra. KaBKa3 11 iIaIlle rocYAapcTBO Bo06rn;e B HHTepecax
TOprOBAH AaBHo yrAy611AHCb B A3HIO H 3aHHAH BO MHorHX
KpaHx BHAHoe 3KOHOMHqeCKOe nOAO>KeHl1e. Ho npe06Aa-
AalOrn;HM 113 nAeMeH C KaBKa3CKOH KpOBblO B J1HAHH Bcer-
Aa 6bIAI1 apMHHe. B KaqeCTBe nAaHTaTopOB (oc06eHHO B 06-
AaCTI1 pa3BeAeHHH 11 c6bITa HHAHro) rrOTOMKH faHKa pa3-
6peAHcb no :o;eAoMY nOAyocTPOBY, OCHOBaAH rro :O;Beryrn;eH
KOAOHHH. J1 B KaAbKyrre B03HHKAa TaKOBaH B 1724 rOAY.
KaAbKyrrcKaH AyxoBHaH qClAI1 3qMHClA3HHcKoro naTpHapxa,
OC03HaBaH 3HaqeHHe M5I HI1X POCCHI1, 3aXOTeAH B 1891 rOAY,
npH npoe3Ae qepe3 EeHraAHIO HaCAeAHHKa :o;ecapeBHqa,
XOTb qTO-HI16YAb npl1HeCTH B Aap era HMnepaTopcKoMY BbI-
-274-
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HOBepe apxeOAor-AlO6HTeAb MeAeK-EerAap 3aKa3aA C 3TOH
eAbIO MOAeAb 3HaMeHHToro xpaMa B EYMa-raHe.
Magpac
TOM II, t.zacmb I
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« Victoria Terminus» * B 10 q. Beqepa, aBrycTeHillHe rryrerne-
CTBeHHHKH qepe3 KaAHaH H nYHY HarrpaBMIIOTCH AeKKaHoM
Ha KaAb6apry; B raHAapa6ClA, rAe rrpaBHT MoryIIJ;eCTBeHHbIH
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CKI1H neCqaHbIH 6eper, HH3KHe B03BbIIlleHHOCTI1 3a HHMH:
MClApac. fy6epHaTOp - AOPA YI1HAOK, BAaCTH, nOqeTHbIH
KapaYA, Macca pa30AeTbIX TY3eM eB O>KHAaIOT HaCAeAHHKa
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-275-
H. H. HerrOMHHIll:J1M
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npOBeAeHbI H rrOKa, rrO>KaAYH, HeonpeAeAMMbI CBH3b H rpaHb
Me>KAY HBAeHHHMH COBepllIeHHO eCTeCTBeHHoro rropHAKa H
TeMH, KOTopbIe Ha eBpOrreHCKI1H B3rAHA OTMeqeHbI npH3Ha-
KaMH qYAeCHoro. OTTorO-TO HMeHHO B J1HAHH, rro HHI1:O;H-
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>KeHrn;HHbI (E.n. EAaBaTCKOM) 3apOAHAaCb MbICAb 0 B03MO>K-
HOCTH H He06xOAHMOCTI1 OCHOBaTb :o;eAoe 06rn;eCTBO Teoco-
cpOB, HCKaTeAeM J1CTHHbI B llIHpOqaMllIeM CMbICAe CAOBa: C
:o;eAbIO 1136HpaTb ClAenTaMH AIOAeM BCHKOM BepbI H paCbI, rAY-
60KO BHHKaTb B COKpOBeHHeMllIee yqeHHe BOCTOqHbIX pe-
AMrHM, npHBAeKaTb a3HaTOB K HCKpeHHeMY AYXOBHOMY 06-
rn;eHHIO C 06pa30BaHHbIMH I1HocTpaH:o;aMI1, rrOMep>KHBaTb
TaHHCTBeHHbIe CHOllIeHHH C pa3HbIMH BepxoBHbIMH >Kpe:o;a-
MH, aCKeTaMH, qapOAeHMH H T. II. 3Aecb, Y MClApaca, B rrpeA-
MeCTbe Aaiap (y MaAeHbKOM peKH Toro >Ke Ha3BaHHH) EAa-
BaTCKaH yqpeAHAa :o;eHTp HOBoro OpHrHHaAbHOrO 6paTcTBa.
AeHTeAbHbIM nOMOrn;HHKOM 11 APyroM HallIeM TaAaHTAHBOM
COOTeqeCTBeHHH:O;bI, npH06peTllIeM B POCCI1H AHTeparyp-
HYIO H3BeCTHOCTb rrOA HMeHeM PCiMa-6aM, HBHACH aMepH-
KaHCKHM nOAKOBHHK OAbKOT. OrpoMHoe qHCAO pa3BeTBAe-
HHM MaApaccKoM TeococpHqeCKOM AO>KH B03HI1KAO B A3HH,
H B AMepHKe, H B EBpone. HeCKOAbKO opraHoB rrepHOAHqe-
CKOM rreqaTH crre:O;HaAbHO rrOCBHTHAO ce6H KOHcTaTHpoBa-
HHIO He06'bHCHHMbIX nCHXHqeCKHX cpeHoMeHoB H3 06AaCTH
HorH3Ma, T. e. MarHqeCKHX aKTOB BOAH qeAOBeKa, M5I KOTO-
poro YCAOBHH npocTpaHcTBa H BpeMeHH nepecTalOT cyrn;e-
CTBOBaTb. EAaBaTcKaH BbI3BaAa 6yplO 06AMqHM B rrapAaMeH-
Te, qyrb AM He B CHAY rrOA03pHTeAbHOCTH aHrAHqaH AOA>KHa
6bIAa HaBcerAa rrOKI1Hyrb rrpel1CnOAHeHHbIM qYAec H CTOAb
rroAlO6HBllIHMCH eM rroAyocTPOB, HO HCKYCCTBO ee BbI3bIBaTb
K ce6e 6ecKopbICTHYIO CHMnaTHIO H rrpeAaHHocTb ry3eM:o;eB,
I1X cMyrHaH >Ka;KAa cnAOTHTbCH rrOA 3HaMeHeM 3TOM cTpaH-
HOM ceBepHoM >KeHrn;I1HbI H3 HapoAa, PClAHKaAbHO qY>KAOrO
AAb6HOHY, ee nOCTOHHHbIe pa3'be3AbI rro cTpaHe PClAH C6AH-
>KeHHH C BOAXBaMH H B nonbITKax 6bITb Aorryrn;eHHoM K pa3-
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CTOB - Bce, BMeCTe B3HToe, C03AaAO eM I1CKAlOqHTeAbHoe rro-
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-276-
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pl1H rOBOpHAM co CBOHMH
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BOCTOKe HAM rrpHHHTbIX B Aap KaK BbIpa>KeHHe qY>Ke3eMHOro
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BJ1. CHreAeM 11 r. OexOM, rrOA HerrocpeAcTBeHHbIM Ha6AlO-
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Ope6bIBaH B TaKHX rrpOMbII1lAeHHbIx eHTpax cTpaHbI,
KaK EOM6eH, KaK cTOAH a rYA>KepaTa - AxMeAa6aA, Arpa,
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ro TaM HbIHe BeCbMa 6bICTporo yrrClAKa TY3eMHbIX I1CKYCCTB
-277-
.
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Cepe6pHHaH MaAeHbKaH naroAa (H3 CBHl1..\eHHOH M5I 6YMH-
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MbIKalOII.J;HM 3BeHOM B QenH HarnMX HCKOHHO-pOACTBeHHbIX
H B CYII.J;HOCTH He06bIKHOBeHHO TeCHbIX OTHorneHMH K 3TOMY
HeOrAHAHOMY, He06'bHTHOMY, AO TOHKOCTeH HaM nOHHTHOMY
MMPY. nOAy6ecc03HaTeAbHbIH npaBHTeAbCTBeHHbIH B3rAHA
Ha BOCTOK He Mor OT 3Toro He CTaTb HCHee H rnMpe.
6 anpe.Ml 1890 roga. nHCbMO pOCCMMCKoro nOCAaHHHKa B
5InoHHH H.K. rHpCY 0 npeAnOAaraeMOM KpyrocBeTHOM nyre-
rneCTBHH HaCAeAHMKa pOCCHHCKoro npeCTOAa. Tyr >Ke nAaH
nyrernecTBHH.
MUAocmUBblU rocygapb, HUKOAau KapAoBu1.l..
rocygapb UMnepamop COU3BOAUA nOBeAemb npuromo-
Bumb cjJperam «naMRmb A30Ba» g.Ml nAaBaHUR oceHblO 3mo-
ro roga C ux UMnepamopCKUMU BblC01.l.eCmBaMU HacAegHuKoM
u,ecapeBU1.l.eM U BeAUKUM KHR3eM reoprueM AAeKcaHgpoBu-
1.l.eM B Tuxuu OKeaH go BAaguBocmoKa, a 3ameM om BAaguBo-
cmOKa go CaH-(/)paHu,UCKO.
OmclOga gQAbHeUUlee nymeUlecmBue npegnoAaraemCR
no )/(eAe3HblM goporaM 1.l.epe3 KOHmUHeHm CeBepHOU AMe-
PUKU go HblO-HopKa UAU KaKorO-Au60 nopma CoeguHeHHblX
lllmamoB, omKyga UX BblC01.l.eCmBa B03BpamRmCR B EBpony
Ha OgHOM U3 CygOB ompRga, KomopblU 6ygem CBoeBpeMeHHO
nOCAaH B AMepUKY U3 KpoHUlmagma AemOM 1891 roga.
AaB maKue o6w,ue YKa3aHuR, ero BeAU1.l.eCmBY 6Aaroyrog-
HO, 1.l.m06bl R BOUleA B CHOUleHUR C BaUlUM BblcoKonpeBocxo-
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AeHUR MapUlpyma nAaBaHUR cjJperama U nocew,eHUR Hx UM-
nepamopcKuMU BblC01.l.eCmBaMU Hau60Aee 3aMe1.l.ameAbHblX
nopmoB U ropogoB Ha nymu.
CocmaBUA npoeKIn nAaBaHUR, UMelO 1.l.eCmb npenpoBo-
gumb ero BaUleMY BblcoKonpeBocxogumeAbcmBY U npoUlY He
ocmaBumb MeHR BaUlUM 3aKJU01.l.eHUeM no 3mOMY npegMemy,
go6aB.MlR, 1.l.mo nocew,eHue pe1.l.HblX nopmoB KumaR, B mOM
-278-
PYCCKaH MHJJ:J1H
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MI1A, cp. 467, A. 114/1216,
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3aHBAeHHH nepBoro MH-
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AHH HaCAeAHHKOM Qeca-
peBHqeM.
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BeAuKuii KHR3b
reopruii AAeKcaHgpoBull
MUAocmUBblii rocygapb, (/)egop AAeKcaHgpoBUll..
10-ro HOR6pR HOB. cm., Ha e)/(erogHoM 06ege B Guild Hall
(B ./l.OHgOHCKOii cumu), nepBblii MUHucmp AOpg COAc6epu B
Hall.QAe pell.u CKa3QA: «,4A.R Mupa BceAeHHoii U cyw,ecmBoBa-
HUR XOpOUlUX omHoUleHuii Me)/(gy Hau,uRMu, R YCMampuBalO
6AaronpuRmHoe npeg3HaMeHoBaHue B npegcmoRw,eM noce-
w,eHUU HHguU HacAegHuKoM HMnepamopa BcepoccuiicKO-
ro, B Kall.eCmBe rocmR. ER BeAUll.eCmBa U HHguiicKoro npa-
BUmeAbCmBa. Mbl He MO)/(eM He nOAaramb, ll.mo 3mo HeO)/(U-
gaHHoe cOBMew,eHue nOHRmuii 0 POCCUU U 06 HHgUU MO)/(em
OKa3ambCR 6AarO)/(eAameAbHblM gAR 06eux cmpaH U npeg-
cmaBumb HeKomopoe 06eCnell.eHUe gAR Mupa, K coxpaHeHulO
Komoporo cmpeMRmcR 06e cmpaHbl U c KomopblMU cmOAb
rAy60KocBR3aHbl UHmepeCbl 06eux cmpaH». (PyKOIlAeCKa-
HUR.) «npeg3HaMeHoBaHuR, 0 Komopblx rOBOplO, xapaKInepu-
3YlOm my OcjJUU,UQAbHYlO geRmeAbHocmb, KomopaR npoucxo-
gum Ha MOUX rAa3ax. MHe npegcmaBARemcR, ll.mo Bonpocbl,
KomopblMU 3aHRmbl Hau,uu, npuHagAe)/(am K pa3pRgy mex,
Komopble Morym omHocumbCR go MUpHOii, a He BOUHcmBeH-
Hoii ccjJepbl».
OCmQAbHaR qaCmb gOBOAbHO npocmpaHHoii pell.u Aopga
COAc6epu KacaemCR pa3HblX nOAUmUll.eCKUX BonpocoB, B KO-
mopblx POCCUR HenocpegcmBeHHO He 3aUHmepecOBaHa; cne-
-279-
H.H. HerrOMHHIUJ1M
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U,UQAbHO )J{e BOeHHble BOnpOCbl U3AO)J{eHbl Ha mOM )J{e o6ege
aHrAUu.CKUM BoeHHblM MUHucmpOM, no nOBogy pellU Komopo-
ro gOHOUlY nogpo6HO 3a Nfl 18.
ITpuMume YBepeHue B rAy6oKoM MoeM K BaUleMY npeBoc-
xogumeAbCmBY YBa)J{eHuu U cOBepUleHHOu. npegaHHocmu.
C. EymypAuH
rHa noMlX nOMema) Ero npe-BY cD.A. cDeAbgMaHY.
prBHA, cpo 401, on. 4, A. 7, A. 30 M 06.
27 geKa6pR 1980 roga. H3BAeqeHMe M3 60M6eHcKoH ra-
3eTbI «TaHMc ocp HHAMa» 0 rrpM6bITMM ero MMnepaTopcKoro
BbICOqeCTBa HaCAeAHMKa u;eCapeBMqa B EOM6eH M npe6bIBa-
HMM TaM.
Ero MMnepaTopcKoe BbICOqeCTBO HaCAeAHMK u;eCapeBMq
HMKoAaH AAeKcaHAPOBMq npM6bIA B EOM6eH BO BTOpHMK
(23-ro) ll-ro AeKa6p5I yrpOM M 6bIA npMH5IT C nbIIliHOCTblO M
nOqeTOM, nOA06alOIIJ;MMM ero BbICOKOMY nOAOJKeHMIO. TIpM-
6bITM5I PyccKoro cpperaTa «TIaM5ITb A30Ba», Ha KOTOpOM
CAeAOBaA aBrycTeHIlIMH nyrellIecTBeHHMK, OJKMAaAM B no-
HeAeAbHMK BeqepOM, nOqeMY HeMaAO AMU;, 5IBMBIlIMXC5I Ha
npMcTaHb, OCTaAMCb TaM B OJKMAaHMM n05IBAeHM5I cppera-
Ta AO n03AHeH HOqM. TIpoMcllIeAllIee 3aMeAAeHMe HMCKOAb-
KO He OXAClAMAO HeTepneHM5I ny6AMKH. KaK TOAbKO HaCTa-
AO yrpo, MHOrOqMCAeHHbIe TOAnbI nellIexOAoB M3 oTAaAeH-
HeHIlIMX qaCTeH ropoAa CTaAM HanpaBMlTbC5I K npMCTaHM
AnOAAO- EeHAep, M K 8 qaCaM OHa 6bIAa 3aH5ITa MaccaMM
HapOAa. Ha npMCTaHM 6bIA pacKMHyr 0611IMpHbIH llIaMMa-
H3 (lliaTep), B KoeM nOMeCTMAMCb rpaJKAaHCKMe M BoeHHbIe
AOAJKHOCTHbIe AMu;a B napaAHbIX MYHAMpax, 3HaqMTeAbHoe
qMCAO qaCTHbIX AMU;, AaMbI B 3AeraHTHbIX ryaAeTax, TOAna
3HaTHbIX TY3eMu;eB B MX JKMBOnHCHbIX M 60raTbIX KOCTIO-
Max, 6e3 KOMX 3peAMIIJ;e 6bIAO 6bI HenOAHO, M, HaKOHeu;,
nOqeTHbIH KapaYA M3 CTa qeAOBeK OT nOAKa rAOCTepa, nOA
KOMaHAolO KanMTaHa TecpHeMl. K 7 qaCaM ryAa JKe npM-
6bIAM MX npeBocxoAMTeAbcTBa ry6epHaTop 60M6eHcKoro
npe3MAeHTcTBa AOPA rappHC M rAaBHoKoMaHAYIOIIJ;MH 60M-
6eMcKoM apMMeH reHepaA-AeHTeHaHT C3p A>KoPAJK rpMBe.
MHOJKeCTBO HapoAY TOAnMAOCb 3a npeAeAaMM npocTpaH-
CTBa, OTrOpOJKeHHOrO M5I npMBMAerMpoBaHHoM ny6AMKM.
- 280-
PYCCKaH J.1H.n:J1H
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00 06e CTOpOHbI YAMIJ;bI, BeAyru;eM K npMCTaHM, HapOA TaK-
JKe TOAnMAC5I; 3AeCb MOJKHO 6bIAO BMAeTb npeACTaBMTeAeM
BCeX KAaCCOB TY3eMHOrO HaCeAeHM5I. OKHa M 6aAKOHbI rAaB-
HbIX 3AaHMM Ha YAMIJ;ax, no KOTOpbIM AOAJKeH 6bIA npOCAe-
AOBaTb noe3A, 6bIAM OCaJKAaeMbI 3pMTeMlMM. OAHMM CAO-
BOM, BC5IKOe MeCTO, OTKYAa TOAbKO MOJKHO 6bIAO YBMAaTb
aBrycTeMllIero nOCeTMTeMl, 6bIAO 3aH5ITO C paHHero yrpa.
B OJKMAaHMM peAKoro C06bITH5I TOAnbI HapOAa Ha YAMIJ;aX
TepneAMBO BbIHOCMAM COAHeqHbIe AyqM, OT KOTOpbIX HeKY-
Aa 6bIAO YKPbITbC5I.
B 8 qaCOB pa3AaAMCb ABa BbICTpeAa, B03BeCTMBllIMe 0
npM6AMJKeHMM cpperaTa «OaM5ITb A30Ba»; Bce rAa3a HeMeA-
AeHHO YCTpeMMAMCb K BXOAY B raBaHb, HO BMceBllIMM HaA
BOAOM AerKMM TYMaH CKpbIBaA eru;e PYCCKMM cpperaT. Ha-
KOHeIJ; CKB03b TYMaH npOrMlHYAa BeCbMa MeAAeHHO HaABM-
raBllIa5IC5I qepHa5I Macca, M BCKope nOCAe Toro MOJKHO 6bIAO
pa3AMqMTb OqepTaHM5I CYAHa C ero TpeM5I AbIMMBllIMMMC5I
TPy6aMM. BCAeA 3a TeM 6bIAM 3aMeqeHbI M ABe APyrMe qep-
HbIe MaCCbI: cpperaT «BAaAMMMp MOHOMax» M KpeMcep «.AA-
MMpaA KOpHMAOB», KOHBOMpOBaBllIMe «OaM5ITb A30Ba».
Bce TPM CYAHa, CAeAY5I OAHO 3a APyrMM, nOABHraAMCb KpaM-
He MeAAeHHO. OpM6AM3MBllIMCb K CT05IBllIeMY B raBaHM npo-
TMB AeCTHMIJ;bI, cnYCKaBllIeMC5I C npMCTaHM, aHrAMHCKOMY
BoeHHOMY CYAHY «Turquoise», nepeAoBoe CYAHO PYCCKOM
3CKClApbI caAIOTOBaAO 6epery, M 3aTeM 6bIAM OTAaHbI 5IKOp5I
npM orAYllIMTeAbHoM caAIOTe B 21 BbIcTpeA C «Turquoise».
MeJKAY TeM KOMaHAHp aHrAMMcKoro cYAHa KanMTaH EpM-
KeH6epM, KaK cTapllIHH MOpCKOH ocpMIJ;ep, B oTcyrcTBMe
rAaBHoro KOMaHAMpa 60M6eHcKoro nopTa, oTnpaBMAC5I
Ha napoBoM KaTepe Ha «OaM5ITb A30Ba» M5I npMBeTcTBo-
BaHM5I HaCAeAHMKa u;eCapeBMqa. B 9 qaCOB oTnpaBMAC5I
TYAa JKe M ry6epHaTop. OOAqaCa cnycT5I AOPA rappMc Bep-
HYAC5I Ha npMcTaHb, a BCAeA 3a HMM BepHYAMcb M conpoBo-
JKAaBllIMe ero ocpMu;epbI C M3BeCTMeM, qTO ero MMnepaTop-
CKoe BbICOqeCTBO C"beAeT Ha 6eper Ha c06cTBeHHoM KaTepe.
OpM6AM3MTeAbHo Qepe3 qeTBepTb qaca pa3BeBalOru;MMC5I Ha
«OaM5ITM A30Ba» cpAar HaCAeAHMKa u;eCapeBMqa 6bIA cny-
ru;eH, M BCAeA 3a 3TMM pa3AaAC5I C «Turquoise» HOBbIH ca-
AIOT, KOTOpbIH 6bIA nOAXBaqeH APyrMM aHrAMMcKMM CYAHOM
«Reindeer» M TpeM5I PYCCKMMM cYAaMM, KOMaHAbI KOMX pa3-
MeCTHAMCb no pe5IM. B npOMeJKyrKax MeJKAY BbICTpeAaMM
-281-
H.H. HerrOMHHIUJ1M
=
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pa3AaBaAMCb C PYCCKMX CYAOB 3BYKM PYCCKOrO HaU;MOHaAb-
HOrO rMMHa, Ha KOTOpbIe OTBeqaAM npMBeTCTBeHHbIe KAM-
KH aHrAMHCKMX MaTpOCOB. CaAlOTbI B03BeCTMAM 0 TOM, qTO
ero MMnepaTopCKoe BbICOqeCTBO OCTaBMA cpperaT, M, HaKO-
Heu;, cpeAM nopOXOBoro AbIMa nOKa3aAC5I napaAHbIH KaTep
C qeTbIpHClAu;aTblO KpaCMBO OAeTbIMM rpe6u;aMM. TIOA TeH-
TOM, YCTpoeHHbIM HaA KOpMOBOIO qaCTblO KaTepa, HaxOAMA-
C5I ero MMnepaTopCKoe BbICOqeCTBO CO CBMTOIO B napClAHbIX
MYHAMpax. KaK TOAbKO KaTep nOAOllieA K npMCTaHM, C 6e-
perOBOH 6aTapeM 6bIA CAeAaH caAIOT B 21 BbIcTpeA, a 3aTeM
ry6epHaTop M rAaBHoKoMaHAYIOrn;MH 60M6eHcKoM apMM-
eH C3p A;KoPA>K rpMBe co CBMTOIO cnycTMAMCb C AeCTHMU;bI
HaBCTpeqy HacAeAHMKY u;eCapeBMqy M npoBoAMAH ero MM-
nepaTopcKoe BbICOqeCTBO B llIaMMaH3, rAe 6bIAM npeAcTaB-
AeHbI aBrycTeMllieMY nyrellIecTBeHHMKY AMu;a, COCTaBMlB-
IlIMe IlITa6 ry6epHaTopa, CYAbM BepxoBHoH naAaTbI, MHO-
cTpaHHbIe KOHCYAbI M HeKoTopbIe eBponeHU;bI M TY3eMU;bI.
HacAeAHMK u;eCapeBHq 6bIA B MYHAMpe AeH6-rBapAMM ry-
capcKoro nOAKa; 6AeCT5Irn;Me MYHAMPbI CBMTbI ero MMnepa-
TopcKoro BbICOqeCTBa TaKJKe 06paTMAM Ha ce65I BHMMaHMe
ny6AMKM. BCAeAcTBHe AerKoro He3AOpOBb5I BeAMKHH KH5I3b
reoprMH AAeKcaHAPOBMq He Mor conpOBOJKAaTb CBoero aB-
rYCTeHllIero 6paTa M OCTaAC5I Ha cpperaTe.
KaK TOAbKO OKOHqMAHCb npeACTaBAeHM5I, HaCAeAHMK u;e-
CapeBMq B COnpOBOJKAeHHM ry6epHaTopa, rAaBHOKOMaHAY-
lOru;ero apMMeM M 6pMrClAMp-reHepaAa EeA>KeHa HanpaBMA-
C5I K MeCTY, rAe CT05IA nOqeTHbIM KapaYA. TIpM npM6AHJKe-
HMM ero MMnepaTopCKoro BbICOqeCTBa KapaYA OTAaA qeCTb,
a paCnOAOJKeHHbIH C3ClAM opKeCTp 3aMrpaA PYCCKMM HaU;MO-
HaAbHbIl1 rMMH. TIpOMMI BAOAb cppOHTa, HaCAeAHMK u;ecape-
BMq HanpaBMAC5I K BbIXOAY M3 llIaMMaH3 npM npMBeTCTBeH-
HbIX KAHKaX c06paBllIeMC5I ny6AMKM.
Ero MMnepaTopCKoe BbICOqeCTBO HaCAeAHMK u;ecape-
BMq ceA B napClAHbIM 3KMnaJK, 3anp5IJKeHHbIH qeTbIpbM5I AO-
IlIClAbMM C ABYM5I e3AOBbIMM. TIo npaBYIO PYKY ero MMnepa-
TopCKoro BbICOqeCTBa nOMeCTMAC5I ry6epHaTOp, a Hanpo-
TMB - BoeHHbIH ceKpeTapb nOCAeAHero - nOAKOBHMK POAe
M cpAHreAb-ClA"bIOTaHT KH5I3b 060AeHCKMM. 3KMnaJK 6bIA
3CKopTMpyeM B3BOAOM AHqHOrO KOHB05I ry6epHaTopa nOA
KOMaHAOM KanMTaHa rOTTa, a no AeBYIO CTOPOHY 3KMnaJKa
B"beXaA BepXOM HaqaAbHMK MeCTHOM nOAHU;MM nOAKOBHMK
-282-
PYCCKaH J.1H.IJ:J1H
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CTBO npMHIJ; reoprMH rpeqeCKMM C nOAKOBHMKOM Ax<epap-
AOM M C3p A. MaK3H3M Y OAAec. B Tpex APyrMx 3KMnaJKaX no-
MeCTMAMCb AMIJ;a CBMTbI HaCAeAHMKa IJ;eCapeBMqa C aHrAMM-
CKMMH ocpMIJ;epaMM, Ha3HaqeHHbIMM COnpOBOJKAaTb MX. Bo
BpeM5I CAeAOBaHH5I noe3Aa ny6AHKa, CMOTpeBllIa5I R OKOH, M
3aHMMaBllIMe 06e CTOpOHbI YAHIJ; TOAnbI HapoAa npMBeTCT O-
BaAH aBrycTeMlliero nyrellIecTBeHHMKa PClAOCTHbIMM KAHKa-
MM. Ero MMnepaTopcKoe BbICOqeCTBO OTBeqaA Ha 3TM KAMKM
npMBeTAHBbIMM nOKAOHaMM.
B 11 qac. M 10 MMH. 3KMnaJK OCTaHOBMAC5I Y nOA"he3-
Aa ry6epHaTopcKoro nOMern;eHM5I (Government House),
rAe 6bIA BbICTaBAeH nOqeTHbIH KapaYA OT 4-ro cTpeAKoBo-
ro 60M6eMcKoro nOAKa co 3HaMeHeM M opKecTpoM, npM-
BeTCTBOBaBIlIMM aBrycTeMlliero nyrellIecTBeHHMKa 3BY-
KaMM PyccKoro HaIJ;MOHaAbHoro rMMHa. ry6epHaTop BbI-
llIeA nepBbIM M3 3KMnaJKa M npMBeTcTBoBaA HaCAeAHMKa
IJ;eCapeBMqa, a Ha nOAOBMHe AeCTHMIJ;bI, no 06e CTOpOHbI
KOTOpOM 6bIAM paccTaBAeHbI cAYJKMTeAM B KpacHbIx AMB-
pe5Ix, BCTpeTMAa ero MMnepaTopcKoe BbICOqeCTBO AeAM
rappMc, npM KoeH HaXOAMAC5I AMqHbIM ceKpeTapb ry6ep-
HaTopa r. 3AJKepAM.
OocAe nOAYAH5I HaCAeAHMKOM IJ;eCapeBMqeM, BMeCTe C ry-
6epHaTopoM, AeAM rappMc M He60AbllI01O CBMTOIO, npeAnpM-
H5ITa 6bIAa noe3AKa Ha HaXONIrn;MMC5I HenOAaAeKY OT EOM6e5I
OCTpOB 3AecpaHTa Al\5I oCMoTpa 3HaMeHMTbIX nOA3eMHbIX
xpaMoB. Oepee3A OT npMcTaHH ArrOAAO- EeHAep AO oCTpoBa
6bIA cOBepllIeH Ha napoBoM KaTepe «Bee». OCMOTp npoAoA-
JKaAC5I OKOAO ABYX qaCOB, a 3aTeM 6bIA cepBMpoBaH qaM, no-
-283-
H. H. HerrOMHHIUJ1M
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CAe KOToporo HaCAeAHMK u;eCapeBMq CO CBOMMM cnyrHMKa-
MM BepHYAC5I B EOM6eH.
BeqepOM COCT05IAC5I B nOMern;eHMM ry6epHaTopa napClA-
HbIl1: 06eA, a B 9 - 6aA. K Ha3HaqeHHoMY qacy 6aAbHa5I
3aAa HanOAHMAaCb MHOrOqMCAeHHbIMM npMrAarneHHbIMM, M
BCAeA 3a TeM BornAM B 3aAY, npeArnecTByeMbIe CBMTOIO, Ha-
CAeAHMK u;eCapeBMq, BMeCTe C ry6epHaTopoM M ero cynpy-
rolO. EaA 6bIA OTKpbIT ero MMnepaTopcKMM BbICOqeCTBOM M
AeAM rappMc. TaHU;bI npOAOAJKaAHCb AO n03AHeH HOqM. EAa-
rOAap5I 3HaqMTeAbHoMY qMCAY npMrAarneHHbIx B 3aAe 6bIAO
OqeHb AyrnHo, HO )l{MBOnMCHO oCBern;eHHbIH KMTaHcKMMM
cpoHap5IMM CClA npeACTaBAHA npoXAClAHoe y6e)l{Mrn;e.
B cpeAY, nOCAe nOAYAH5I, HaCAeAHMK u;eCapeBMq npMH5IA
yqacTMe B YCTpoeHHoM B qeCTb ero MMnepaTopcKoro BbICO-
qeCTBa B Ka3eHHOM cClAY Garden Party. BeqepOM COCT05lAC5I
06eA y ry6epHaTopa.
B qeTBepr (13/25-ro [AeKa6p5I]), OKOAO 10 qaCOB yrpa,
HaCAeAHMK u;eCapeBMq BMeCTe C npMHu;eM reoprMeM rpe-
qeCKMM oTnpaBMAMcb Ha cpperaT «naM5ITb A30Ba», qT06bI
nepeA BbIe3AoM M3 EOM6e5I HaBeCTMTb BeAMKoro KH5I35I re-
OprM5I AAeKcaHAPOBMqa, 3AopoBbe KOToporo He BnOAHe
nonpaBMAOCb. I1x BbICOqeCTBa nO)l{eAaAM COBeprnMTb no-
e3AKY MHKorHMTO, nOqeMY AA5I nepee3Aa AO npMcTaHM 6bIA
npMroToBAeH HaeMHbIH 3KMna)l{, 3anp5I)I{eHHbIH napolO.
Y npMcTaHM BbICOKMX nyrernecTBeHHMKoB O)l{MAaA Pyc-
CKMM BoeHHbIH KaTep. np06bIB Ha cpperaTe OKOAO 3-x qa-
COB, HaCAeAHMK u;eCapeBMq B03BpaTMAC5I B ropoA, a nOCAe
nOAYAH5I 6bIAa npeAnpMH5ITa ero MMnepaTopcKMM BbICO-
qeCTBOM, B conpOBO)l{AeHMM npMHu;a reOprM5I rpeqeCKO-
ro M ry6epHaTopa, noe3AKa no TY3eMHbIM KBapTaAaM EOM-
6e5I. 3Ta noe3AKa 6bIAa cOBeprneHa paBHbIM 06pa30M MH-
KorHMTO, B HaeMHOM 3KMna)l{e, 6AaroAap5I qeMY BbICOKMe
nyrernecTBeHHMKH nOAyqMAM B03MO)l{HOCTb cOBeprneHHo
cB060AHO oCMoTpeTb BeCbMa MHoro M3 Toro, QTO TY3eM-
HbIM ropoA npeACTaBAHeT AlO60nbITHoro. no 6a3apaM, rAe
HapOA 06bIKHOBeHHO TOAnMTC5I, npMXOAMAOCb exaTb rna-
rOM, M MX BbICOQeCTBa MorAM BMAeTb npeACTaBMTeAeM pa3-
AMqHbIX HapOAHOCTeM, HaCeA5IIOrn;MX EOM6eM MAM ero no-
cern;alOrn;MX. Ha yrAY 3cnAaHaAa-POYA nyrernecTBeHHMKM
oCTaHoBMAHCb, QT06bI nOCMOTpeTb Ha MOAOAbIX napCM (no-
cAeAoBaTeAeM peAHrHM 30poaCTpa), MrpaBrnMx B KpMKKeT.
-284-
PYCCKaH J1H.n:J1H
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3aTeM HOBa5I OCTaHOBKa 6bIAa CAeAaHa Y AAb6AeC-Ear r rAe
npa3AHYIOTC5I 06bIKHOBeHHO 6paKM napCMeB. ABrYCTeH-
IlIMe nyrellIecTBeHHMKM MMeAM B03MO)l{HOCTb nOCMOTpeTb
Ha OAHY M3 TaKMX IJ;epeMOHMM r B KOTO'pOH yqacTBoBaAO OT
ABYX AO TpeX COT nOCAeAOBaTeAeM 30pOaCTpa B MX 06bIq-
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)l{eHrn;MH r 0AeTbIX B llIeAKOBbIe 5IpKMX IJ;BeTOB TKaHM r 06-
IlIMTbIe 30AOTbIMM M cepe6p5IHbIMM raAYHaMM r M YKpallIeH-
HbIX AparOIJ;eHHOCT5IMM r CMAeAO Y OKOH AOMMKOB r pacno-
AO)l{eHHbIX no 06e CTOpOHbI Eara. Ooe3AKa 6bIAa OKOHqe-
Ha B 6 Y2 qaca nonoAYAHM.
OocAe 06eAa r B 9 Y2 qaca r HaCAeAHMK IJ;eCapeBMq M npMHIJ;
reoprMM rpeqeCKMM co CBMTOM nepelliAM B IJ;eHTpaAbHYIO
3aAY M TaM BbIpa3MAM ero npeBOCXOAMTeAbCTBY ry6epHa-
TOpy M ero cynpyre CBOIO MCKpeHHlO1O 6AarOAapHOCTb 3a
OKa3aHHoe MM rOCTenpMMMCTBO. J\.eAM rappMC npOBOAM-
Aa CBOMX BbICOKMX rOCTeM AO KpbIAbIJ;a M TaM npOCTMAaCb
C HMMM r nOCAe qero aBrYCTeHIlIMe nyrellIecTBeH MKM OT-
npaBMAMCb Ha )l{eAe3HOAOp0)l{HYIO CTaHIJ;MIO B TOM ca OM
nOp5IAKe r B KoeM COCT05IAOCb MX npM6bITMe B ry6epHaTOp-
CKMM AOM. HaCAeAHMK IJ;eCapeBMq ceA BMeCTe C ry6epHa-
TOpOM B 3KHna)l{r 3CKopTMPyeMbIH KOHBoeM. Ha CTaHIJ;MM
MX BbICOqeCTBa 6bIAM BCTpeqeHbI CTapllIMMM BoeHHbIMM qM-
HaMM M )l{eAe3HOAOp0)l{HbIM HaqaAbCTBOM. B rAaBHOM 3aAe
CTaHIJ;MM MX BbICOqeCTBa npOCTMAMCb C ocpMIJ;epaMM PYC-
CKOM 3CKaAPbI M 3aTeM BbIIliAM Ha nAaTcpOPMYr KYAa nOCTO-
pOHH5I5I ny6AMKa He 6bIAa Aonyrn;eHa. BC5I nAaTcpopMa 6bIAa
YCTAaHa KpaCHbIM CYKHOM r M BAOAb ee 6bIAM paCCTaBAeHbI r
C OAHOM CTOpOHbI r qMHbI )l{eAe3HOAOp0)l{HOM nOAMIJ;MM r a C
APyroM - CAY)I{MTeAM ry6epHaTopa B KpaCHbIX AMBpe5IX r
6eAbIX Typ6aHax M 6eAbIX)I{e n05Icax. EAarOAap5I 3a60TaM r.
MMMeAbTOHa r HaqaAbHMKa MeCTHoro )l{eAe3HOAOp0)l{HOrO
ynpaBAeHM5I r 3KCTpeHHbIM noe3A 6bIA YCTpoeH CO BceMM
B03MO)l{HbIMM YA06cTBaMM; OH COCT05lA M3 llIeCTM BarOHOB-
caAOHOB r OAHoro BarOHa 2-ro KAacca r ABYX 3-ro KAacca M
ABYX 6ara)l{HbIX. OepBbIM BarOH 6bIA npeAHa3HaqeH M5I
HaCAeAHMKa IJ;eCapeBMqa M npMHIJ;a reOprH5I r a OCTaAbHbIe
BarOHbI-caAOH-bI M5I AMIJ; CBMTbI. B BarOHe 2-ro KAacca no-
MeCTMAMCb: n5ITb eBponeMCKMX CAY)I{MTeAeM M qeTBepO TY-
3eMHbIX 0PAHHapIJ;eB r a B BarOHax 3-ro KAacca - OCTaAb-
HbIe CAY)I{MTeAM B qMCAe 25 qeAOBeK.
-285-
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OpOCTMBIlIMCb C ero npeBOCXOAMTeAbCTBOM ry6epHaTO-
pOM, BbICOKMe OyrellIecTBeHHMKM 3aH5IAM CBOM MeCTa, M
noe3A ABMHYAC5I nOA rAaBHbIM ynpaBAeHMeM r. MMMeAbTO-
Ha. B noe3Ae HaxOAMAMCb M rr. CKOHHeAb, HaqaAbHMK ye3A-
HOM nOAMIJ;MM, M Ax<ecpcpepMC, 3aBeAYIOID;MH naCCa)l{MpCKMM
ABM)I{eHMeM.
ABOPVI, cpo CpeAHea3MaTCKMH CTOA, on. 485, A. 1004. ne-
peBoA C aHrA., cOBpeMeHHbIH OpMrMHaAY.
J1H,1JJ1I1ICKOE I1YTEIIIECTBJ1E
BEJIJ1KOrO KH5I35I
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BeAHKMH KH5I3b EOpMC BAClAHMMPOBMq (1877-1943), ABO-
IOPOAHbIH 6paT MMnepaTopa HMKOAa5I II, TpeTMM CbIH pOAHO-
ro 6paTa AAeKcaHApa III BAClAHMMpa AAeKcaHAPOBMqa, co-
BepIlIMAAJU1TeAbHOe nyrellIecTBMe Ha Kopa6M1x «nepeCBeT»
M «CMHrOpa», B I1HAMM np06bIA 60Aee MeC5Iu;a. B OTAHqMe OT
3HaMeHMToro B05I)I{a CBoero ABOlOpoAHoro 6paTa nyrellIe-
CTBMe BeAHKOrO KH5I35I EopHca BAClAMMMpOBMqa npaKTHqe-
CKM HeM3BeCTHO IlIMpOKOH 06rn;ecTBeHHocTM.
17 anpeAR 1902 roga. nMCbMO BeAHKOrO KH5I35! EopMca
BAClAMMMpOBMqa OTU;Y, BAClAMMMPY AAeKcaHAPOBMqy, 0 npe-
6bIBaHMM B I1HAMM.
Aoporoii nana.
Mbz mOAbKO llmo npuexQAu K MoeMY gpyry Marapag)/{e Ka-
nypmQAhz, Komopbzii, eCAU mbZ nOMHuUlb, gaBQA maKoii cmpaH-
HbZii o6eg B napUJKe B 1897 rogy. KanypmQAa llygHO ycmpo-
eHHaR pe3ugeHu,UR. AOM, B KomopOM MbZ )/{UBeM, COBepUleH-
HO eBponeiicKuii. Ho llmo gOBOAbHO cmpaHHO, llmo B 60AbUlOM
CQAOHe pRgOM C llygHbZMU KapmUHaMU BUCRm cpomorpacpuu
napUJKCKUX KOKomOK. 3mo OlleHb BocmOllHO. JI mOAbKO llmo
BepHYACR C meHHUC napmu. 3aBmpa oxoma Ha nepeneAOB.
B A;Kaiinype HaM ycmpoUAu pig sticking (Ka6aHbR oxoma. -
ABm.), llygHbZii cnopm. rpeBc, cDpegepuKc U R Bcero y6UAU no
OgHOMY Ka6aHY. B EOM6ee HaM 6blA llygHbZii npueM. AHrAulla-
He, R gOAJKeH CKa3amb, OlleHb MUAbzii U rocmenpUUMHbZii Ha-
pogo JI rOBOpIO 0 llacmHblX AUU,ax. Buu,e-KOpOAb 6blA KaK HeAb3R
60Aee rpy6. OH B OlleHb YllmuBoii cpopMe gQA MHe nOHRmb, llmo
OH MeHR He )/{eAaem Bugemb. l.Jmo B03MymUAo, cmpaHHO CKa-
3amb, nOllmu Bcex aHrAUllaH, KomopblX R BcmpemUA. B BOCKpe-
ceHbe MbZ egeM B EeHapec, ommyga B KQAhK}Tmmy Ha murpo-
BYIO oxomy, a U3 KQAhK}TmmbZ npRMO B Siam, K}Tga R npurAaUleH
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AfllHO. (JI mOAbKO llmo Y3HOA 06 y6uiicmBe CUnRrUHa.)
KpenKo, KpenKo 06HuMalO me6R, MaMY, AHgpeR U EAeHY.
Om Bceii gyUlU A106RUJ,uii me6R CblH Eopuc.
rAP<D, cpo 652, on. 1, A. 426, A. 35-3606. DOAJ\MHHMK.
9 MaR 1902 roga. AOHeceHMe reHepaAbHOrO KOHcYAa B
EOM6ee B.D. cpOH KAeMMa B DepBbIM AenapTaMeHT MI1Aa 0
nyrernecTBMM BeAHKoro KH5I35I EopMca BA(lAMMMpoBMqa no
I1HAHM.
- 288-
PYCCKaH MH.n:J1H
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TOllHble cBegeHuR 0 mOM, Korga BeAUKUU KHR3b Eopuc BAa-
gUMUpOBUll UMeA npu6blmb B UHgUlO U llepe3 KaKOU UMeHHO
UHgUUCKUU nopm, 6blAU nOAYIJ.eHbl MHOlO 4UUlb 3a HeCKOAbKO
gHeu go npue3ga ero UMnepamopCKoro BblCOllecmBa B Tymu-
KOpUH.
UMeR B BUgy, llmo BeAuKuu KHR3b nymeUlecmByem co-
BepUleHHo UHKorHumo, R He ClleA yg06HblM 3aBecmu nepenu-
CKY no meAerpacpy C u,eHmpGAbHblM UHgUUCKUM npaBUmeAb-
cmBOM 06 OKa3aHUU Ero BblcollecmBY HagAe)/{aw,ero cogeu-
cmBUR, nomoMY 06pamUAcR K nocpegHullecmBY ynpaBAeHuR
EOM6eucKoro npe3ugeHmcmBa. Jl nonpocUA cmapUlero ce-
KpemapR ry6epHamopcKou KaHu,eARpuu, r. 3g)/{epAeR, go-
AO)/{Umb ry6epHamopy 0 npegcmoRw,eM npue3ge B UHgUlO
BeAUKoro KHR3R U npocumb ero CHecmUCb C u,eHmpaAbHblM
npaBumeAbcmBoM 0 mOM, llm06bl BblCOKOMY rocmlO, XOmR.
U nymeUlecmBYlOw,eMY llacmHblM 06pa30M, 6blAO OKa3aHO
gOAJKHOe cogeucmBue U BHUMaHue.
OCBegoMuBUlUCb U3 meAerpaMM HaUlero Buu,e-KOHCYAa B
KOAOM60, llmo Ha o. 1..(eiiAoHe B paCnOpRJKeHUe BeAUKoro KHR--
3R npegocmaBAeHbl 6blAU MecmHblM npaBUmeAbCmBOM 6e3-
B03Me3gHo BarOH-CGAOH U BarOH gAR CBumbl, R ynoMRHYA 06
3mOM B pa3roBope C r. 3g)/{epAeeM, g06aBuB npu 3mOM, llmo
R omHlOgb He UMelO nOPYIJ.eHUR npocumb 0 lleM-Au60 nog06-
HOM, HO llmo 6blAO 6bl BeCbMa )/{eAameAbHO, llm06bl BeAuKuu
KHR3b 6blA nopYIJ.eH OC060MY BHUMaHUlO U 3a60maM ynpaB-
AeHuu UHguuCKux )/{eAe3HblX gopor U AUU, MecmHou agMuHu-
cmpau,uu.
UMeR B BUgy He06xoguMocmb 03a60mumbcR ycmpou-
cmBOM nOMew,eHUR gAR Ero BblCOllecmBa npu nocew,eHUU
UM r. EOM6eR, R cnpocUA r. 3g)/{epAeR, MO)/{HO AU paCCllumbl-
Bamb Ha mo, llmo BeAUKOMY KHR31O, nog06Ho gpyruM 3Ham-
HblM nymeUlecmBeHHuKaM, 6ygem omBegeHo nOMew,eHue B
ry6epHamopCKOM gOMe. Ha 3mo 3g)/{epAeU 3aMemUA, llmo ry-
6epHamop BCKope gOAJKeH nepeexamb Ha gaIlY B ropbl U llmo
B omcymcmBue ero npeBocxogumeAbCmBa 06blKHoBeHHo HU-
Koro B ry6epHamopCKOM gOMe He nOMew,alOm; HO OH mym )/{e
g06aBUA, llmo B CAYIJ.ae npue3ga KaKUX-Au60 BblCOKonocmaB-
AeHHblX rocmeu ry6epHamopbl 06blKHOBeHHO npUe3)/{alOm Ha
3mo BpeMR C gall, llm06bl npUHRmb UX AUllHO U omBecmu UM
nOMew,eHue y ce6R, U llmo n03mOMY OH MHe OKOHllameAbHO-
ro omBema Ha MOU Bonpoc ceUllac gamb He MO)/{em. Jl omMe-
- 289-
H.H. HerrOMHHIICWM
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llalO nocAegHee 3aRBAeHUe CmapUlerO CeKpemapR KaK BeCb-
Ma Ba)/(HOe npu ou,eHKe gQAbHeUUlUX OmHOUleHUU K BeAUKOMY
KHR310 MeCmHblX ry6epHamOpOB.
nOCAe 3moro pa3rOBopa C r. 3g)/(epAeeM R B mom )/(e
geHb gOA)/(eH 6blA Bblexamb B TymuKopuH, llmo6bl Bcmpe-
mumb maM BeAUKoro KHR3R. no npue3ge B 03HalleHHblU
nopm R nOAYllUA meAerpaMMY om r. 3g)/(epAeR, llmo npUKa-
3aHO npegocmaBumb 6e3Bo3Me3gHo B paCnOpR)/(eHUe ero
BblCOllecmBa BO BpeMR nymeUlecmBUR ero no l1HgUU BarOH-
caAOH, BarOH nepBoro KAacca gAR cBumbl U nOMew,eHue gAR
mY3eMHOU npucAyru. 3mo 6blAO, KOHellHO, BecbMa A106e3-
HO co cmopOHbl UHguucKoro npaBumeAbcmBa, HO BBUgy
npeu,egeHma Ha O. L(euAoHe eMY 6blAO 6bl, nO)/(aAYU, Hey-
g06HO nocmynumb UHalle. 3amo 3mUM orpaHulluAoCb ro-
cmenpuuMcmBo UHguucKoro npaBumeAbcmBa U BO BceM
ocmaAbHOM He 6blAO HUKaKoro BHUMaHUR, HU MaAeUUle-
ro nOllema, HU ga)/(e npocmoro cogeucmBuR co cmopOHbl
MecmHblX BAacmeu, Komopble a6cOAlOmHO urHopupOBaAU
npucymcmBue BblCOKoro rocmR. 3mo 06HapY)/(UAOCb y)/(e
Ha nepBblX nopax, B TymuKopUHe. MecmHoe maMO)/(eHHOe
ynpaBAeHue omKa3aAOCb npegocmaBumb CBOU napOBOU Ka-
mep gAR nepee3ga BeAUKoro KHR3R c napoxoga Ha 6eper,
U mOAbKO nymeM oco6oro xogamaucmBa Moero nepeg Ha-
llaAbHUKOM maMO)/(HU ygaAocb go6umbcR moro, llmo Bew,u
BeAUKoro KHR3R U ero cBumbl He 6blAU nogBeprHymbl go-
cMompy; HO B3aMeH 3moro npUUlAocb cneUlHO cocmaBumb
cnUCOK Bew,eu, corAaCHO KoeMY maMO)/(HeU 6blAa B3blCKaHa
ycmaHoBAeHHaR nOUlAUHa.
npu gQAbHeUUleM nocew,eHUU pa3HbLX ropogoB l1HgUU, He
UCK/UOllaR cmoAuu, (rrpe3I1AeHTCTB. - ABm.) - KQAbKymmbl,
Magpaca U EOM6eR, HUKIIlO BeAUKoro KHR3R He BCmpellQA, HU-
rge nOMew,eHUU eMY He omBoguAocb U Bce, go HaUMa 3Kuna-
)/(eu BKAlOllUmeAbHO, gOA/KHO 6blAO geAambcR nymeM llacm-
HblX MOUX cHOUleHUU 60AbUlelO llacmblO cmOAUllHblMU MOUMU
3HaKOMblMU UAU UHocmpaHHblMU KOHcYAaMu. He 6ygb B 60Ab-
UlUHcmBe 3geUlHux ropogoB npeKpacHo opraHu30BaHHblx
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AU BeAUKoro KHR3R U cOnpOBO)/(gaBUlux ero AUU, BpeMeHHblMU
nOllemHblMU llAeHaMU, ero BblcOllecmBY npUUlAocb 6bl ocma-
HaBAUBambCR B KpaUHe npuMumuBHbLX U rpR3HblX UHgUUCKUX
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- 290-
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ro KHR3R BbleXQA U3 CBOeU pe3ugeHll,UU Ha oxomy. Ero )/(eHa,
Aegu AMmUAb, KomopylO ero BblCOllecmBO ygocmoUA CBOUM
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AUKOMY KHR310 nOMew,eHUR B 06WUpHOM ry6epHamopCKOM
gOMe B 3mou MecmHocmu, HO ga)/(e He npurAaCUAa ero K o6e-
gy UAU 3aBmpaKY, llmo no UHguuCKOMY 3muKemy CllumaemCR
o6R3ameAbHblM. EOM6eucKoro ry6epHamopa malUKe He 6blAO
B ropoge, HO K llecmu ero Hago cKa3amb, llmo UM 6blAU npuHR-
mbl Mepbl K mOMY, llmo6bl 0 BblCOKOM rocme n03a6omUAUCb,
U eCAU rge-Au60 B l1HgUU ero BblCOllecmBY 6blAO OKa3aHO He-
Komopoe BHUMaHue, mo 3mo 6blAO UMeHHO B EOM6ee. 3HaR
-291-
H.H. HerrOMHHIICWM
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AUllHO Aopga HOpCKOma, R CKAOHeH gyMamb, llmO OH npUeXQA
6bZ B EOM6eu U 6blA 6bZ pag npUHRmb BeAUKOrO KHR3R, eCAU 6
eMY He 6blAO BHyweHo CBbzwe B03gep)/(ambCR om 3moro. no-
CAe Magpaca MeHbwe Bcero BHUMaHUR Ha BeAUKoro KHR3R 06-
paw,eHo 6blAO B cmoAu4e l1HgUU - KQAbKymme.
l.jmo KacaemCR BU4e-KopOAR, Aopga Kep30Ha, mo ero no-
BegeHue B omHoweHUU BeAUKoro KHR3R YKa3bzBaem RCHO Ha
npuHRmoe, BepORmHO, 3apaHee peweHue YKAOHUmbCR om
Bcmpellu C ero BbZCOllecmBOM.
l1MeR B BUgy 60Ae3HeHHoe caMoA106ue U caMOMHeHue
Kep30Ha U )/(eAaR ycmaHoBumb Ha nepBbzx nopax xopowue
omHoweHUR Me)/(gy HUM U BbZCOKUM rocmeM, R no npu6bZ-
muu BeAUKoro KHR3R B TymuKopuH cocmaBUA npoeKII1. npu-
BemcmBeHHOu meAerpaMMbZ om ero BbZCOllecmBa K BU4e-
KOpOAlO C BbZpa)/(eHUeM npU3HameAbHocmu 3a paCnOpR)/(e-
Hue no npoe3gy no UHgUUCKUM )/(eAe3HbZM goporaM. OmBem
Ha 3my meAerpaMMY, cocmaBAeHHbZU B OlleHb cyxux U ga)/(e
He6pe)/(HbZX BbZpa)/(eHURX, 6blA nOAYlleH mOAbKO llepe3 nRmb
gHeu U He 3aKAlOllQA B ce6e HUKaKoro HaMeKa Ha KaKoe-Au60
npurAaweHue.
B nepBOHallQAbHYlO nporpaMMY BeAUKoro KHR3R BXOgU-
AO, Me)/(gy npolluM, nocew,eHue caMoro rAaBHoro UHguuCKO-
ro mY3eMHoro KHR)/(eCmBa - Xaugepa6aga, Kyga B mo caMoe
BpeMR C06UPQACR U BU4e-KOpOAb Ha 60AbWYlO oxomy, npu-
romoBARBwYlOCR gAR Hero HU3aMOM Xaugepa6agcKUM. 3mo
6blA BeCbMa yg06HbZU cAyqau gAR Aopga Kep30Ha OKa3amb
BHUMaHue U rocmenpUUMcmBO BbZCOKOMY rocmlO.
l1MeR B BUgy, llmo BU4e-KopOAlO MorAO 6bzmb HeU3BecmHO
HaMepeHue BeAUKoro KHR3R nocemumb Xaugepa6ag, a paBHO
BBUgy HaCmORmeAbHbLX COBemOB MHorux aHrAUllaH B YmaKa-
MYHge, Komopbze 6blAU mBepgo y6e)/(geHbz B mOM, llmo AOpg
Kep30H, no npUHRmOMY 06bZllalO, He 3aMegAum npurAacumb
BeAUKoro KHR3R npUHRmb yqacmue B oxome, R, C corAaCUR
ero BbZCOllecmBa, omnpaBUA U3 YmaKaMYHga meAerpaMMY
ceKpemaplO BU4e-KopOAR, B Komopou 3HallUAOCb, llmo BeAU-
KUU KHR3b, HaMepeBaRCb nocemumb Xaugepa6ag U oCBego-
MUBWUCb 0 npegcmoRw,eM npue3ge myga ero npeBocxogu-
meAbcmBa, nopyqUA MHe Y3Hamb, Korga UMeHHO BU4e-KopOAb
npu6ygem B Xaugepa6ag U MO)/(em AU OH CHUM Bcmpemumb-
CR maM. Ha 3my meAerpaMMY nOAyqeH 6blA CpOllHbZU omBem,
llmo BU4e-KopOAb 6ygem maK 3aHRm B Xaugepa6age rocy-
-292-
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gOBaBwux 3ameM ra3emHbLX omllemax' 0 npe6bZBaHUU BU4e-
KOpOAR B Xaugepa6age, KaK U cAegoBQAO O)/(ugamb, OlleHb
MHoro rOBopUAOCb 0 murpOBbLX oxomax U nOllmu pOBHO HUlle-
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C llucmo cjJOpMOAhHOU mOllKU 3peHUR caM Kep30H U Bce
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KaKUX npegBapUmeAbHbLX YBegoMAeHuu 0 ero npue3ge 3gecb
nOAyqeHo He 6blAO U m. g., a cAegoBameAbHO, OHU MorAU CllU-
mamb ce6R cB060gHbZMU om KaKux-Au60 06R3ameAbCmB. Ho
Me)/(gy 06R3ameAbHbZM rocmenpuuMcmBoM U YMbzUlAeHHbzM
npeHe6pe)/(eHUeM ecmb MHoro cmyneHeu, U Bce 3aBucum om
g06pou BOAU, Komopou B gaHHoM cAyqae U He 6blAO. Ha Boc-
mOKe nOHRmue 06 «UHKOrHumo» OlleHb cMymHoe. MecmHbze
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3HQA, llmo 3mom rocmb OgUH U3 6AU3KUX pogcmi3eHHuKoB
pyccKoro 4apR; 3HQA OH malUKe, KaK 3mo BceM U3BecmHO B
l1HgUU, llmo BbzgalOw,uecR nymewecmBeHHuKu Bcerga nOAb-
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llmo UM 6blA 6bZ OKa3aH npueM cOBepweHHo UHoro cBoucmBa.
3mo He mOAbKO Moe MHeHue, HO U MHeHue MHorux aHrAUllaH
U UHocmpaHHbLX KOHCYAOB, Komopbze BbzcKa3bZBQAU MHe cBoe
yguBAeHue U HerogoBaHue no nOBogy npeHe6pe)/(eHUR, BbZ-
Ka3aHHoro BeAUKOMY KHR3lO. nOHRmHO, KaKoe BnellaIIlAeHUe
gOA/KeH 6blA BbZHecmu Hapog U3 npueMa, cgeAaHHoro ero BbZ-
cOllecmBY; HO, olleBugHo, UHgUUCKOMY npaBUmeAbCmBY, UAU
c06cmBeHHO AOpgy Kep30HY, 6blAO )/(eAameAbHO BbZ3Bamb
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pacnpocmpaHReMbZX B l1HgUU CaMUMU)/(e aHrAUllaHaMU ugeu
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MepeHURX HaCllem l1HguU.
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cemUA BeAUKUU KHR3b, omHeCAOCb K BbZCOKOMY rocmlO c ca-
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-293-
H.H. HerrOMH.HIUJilM
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mAOCb BnocAegcmBuu OmBellamb 3a 3mO nepeg BblCmUMU
BAaCmRMU.
B CBOlO ollepegb BeAUKUii KHR3b COBepmeHHO OllapOBaA
MeCmHOe o6w,eCmBO CBOelO o6xogumeAbHOCmblO U 6AarO-
CKAOHHOCmblO U OCmaBUA 0 ce6e CaMYlO AYllmylO naMRmb BO
BCeX mex, KOmOpble UMeAU CllaCmbe 6blmb eMY npegcmaB-
AeHHbIMU.
nepeg caMblM Om'be3goM U3 l1HgUU BeAuKuii KHR3b no-
AYllUA om Buu,e-KopoAR ew,e OgHY meAerpaMMY, B Komopoii
BblCKa3blBaAaCb Hage)/(ga, llmo ero BblCOllecmBO ocmaACR
gOBoAeH cBoeii noe3gKoii, U Bblpa)/(aAOCb CO)/(aAeHUe Aopga
Kep30Ha, llmo eMY He ygaAocb npUHRmb BblCOKoro rocmR
y ce6R. Ha 3mo BeAUKuii KHR3b omBemUA ew,e pa3 6Aaro-
gapHocmblO uHguiicKOMY npaBumeAbcmBY 3a npegocmaB-
AeHue B ero paCnOpR)/(eHUe BarOHOB U go6aBuA, llmo, 6Aa-
rogapR AlO6e3HOMY npueMY eBponeiicKoro o6w,ecmBa ropo-
gOB, UM nocew,eHHbIX, a paBHO HeKomopblX Marapag)/(eii,
OH BblHec BeCbMa npURmHoe BnellaIIlAeHUe om cBoeii no-
e3gKu no l1HgUU.
B 3aKAlOlleHue R He MOry He BblCKa3amb, llmo eguHcmBeH-
HOlO xopomelO cmopOHOlO 3moro geAa RBARemCR mo, llmo He
6blAO HUKaKUX npepeKaHuii omHOCUmeAbHO 3mUKema U u,e-
peMOHUaAa npueMoB BeAUKoro KHR3R y Buu,e-KopoAR U ry6ep-
HamopoB, - npepeKaHuii, Komopble, HaBepHo 6bl, B03HUKAU
BBUgy 3aHOCllUBocmu U MaHUU BeAulluR, KOUMU 3apa)/(eHbl
Bce 3gemHue BAacmu, a B oco6eHHocmu r. Kep30H.
C rAy60KuM nOllmeHueM U maKOBOlO )/(e npegaHHocmblO
UMelO llecmb 6blmb Bamero npeBocxogumeAbCmBa nOKopHeii-
mUM cAyrolO
KAeMM.
ABDPH, cpo 147 CpeAHea3HaTcKI111 CTOA, on. 485, A. 920,
A. 74-78. DOAJ\.HHHI1K.
9 MaR 1902 roga. AOHeceHl1e reHepaAbHOrO KOHcYAa B
EOM6ee B.O. cpOH KAeMMa B DepBbII1 AenapTaMeHT MHAa 0
npl1eMe, OKa3aHHOM BeAHKoMY KH5I31O Eopl1cy BA(lAHMHpO-
BHqy HHAI1I1CKI1MI1 KH5I3b5lMH.
- 294-
PYCCKa5I I1HJJ:Ji15I
=
=
Bo BpeMR CBOerO nymewecmBUR no l1HgUU BeAUKUU KHR3b
Eopuc BAaguMupoBUll nocemUA gBa mY3eMHblX KHR)/(eCmBa,
Eapogy U KanypmQAY, a malUKe nOMeCf!Zbe Marapag)/(u Mau-
MeHCUHrCKoro B BocmOllHOU EeHrQAUu. B npomUBOnOAO)/(-
Hocmb CYXOMY, llm06bl He CKa3amb 60Aee, npueMY, cgeAaH-
HOMY BblCOKOMY rocmlO B llucmo 6pum-aHCKUX BAageHuRX,
mY3eMHble Marapag)/(u 06Hapy)/(UAU wupOKoe rocmenpUUM-
cmBO U caMYlO nOAHYlO AlO6e3Hocmb.
Marapag)/(a KanypmaAbcKU U, oCBegoM UB W UCb 0 npu6bl-
muu BeAUKoro KHR3R B l1HgUlO, caM nocneWUA npurAacumb
no meAerpacjJy ero BblCOllecmBO nocemumb ero BAageHUR.
noe3gKY K Marapag)/(e MaUMeHCUHrCKOMY Ha oxomy 6blAO
cpaBHumeAbHO AerKO ycmpoumb llepe3 cmapwero CygblO
EOM6euCKoro npe3ugeHmcmBa, AUllHO CHUM 3HaKOMoro.
TpygHee Bcero 6blAO g06umbcR gocmyna K Marapag)/(e,ra-
3KBapy EapogcKOMY, a Me)/(gy meM 6blAO OlleHb )/(eAameAb-
HO nocemumb nocAegHero KaK ogHoro U3 caMblX KpynHblx
U 60ramblX BAagemeAbHblX KHR3eu UHgUUCKUX, o6AagalO-
ero 3HallumeAbHOU KOAAeK4ueu gpar04eHHblX KaMHeu,
cmapUHHoro BocmOllHoro 0PY)/(UR U gpyrux UHmepeCHblX
npegMemOB. nOce eHue Eapogbl 6blAO meM )/(eAameAb-
Hee, llmo nonblmKa ycmpoumb noe3gKY BeAUKoro KHR3R B
Xaugepa6ag, KaK 3HallumCR B npegblgy eM MoeM gOHece-
HUU, He YBeHllaAaCb ycneXOM. Ho eCAU aHrAo-uHguucKOMY
npaBumeAbcmBY 6blAO He)/(eAameAbHO gonycKamb BeAUKO-
ro KHR3R K mY3eMHblM BAagemeARM, mo 3mo, HeCOMHeHHO,
KacaAOCb 60Aee Bcero ra3KBapa U Marapag)/(u KanypmaAb-
CKoro, Komopble 06a Ha gypHOM cllemy y aHrAUllaH 3a ux
He3aBUCUMocmb U HenogamAuBocmb aHrAuucKuM mpe60-
BaHURM. ra3KBap - OgUH U3 HeMHorux UHguuCKux KHR3eu,
Komopble omKa3aAUCb cogep)/(amb maK Ha3blBaeMble Bcno-
MorameAbHble BoucKa, U 0 HeM caM BU4e-KopOAb om03BaA-
CR Heog06pumeAbHO B OgHOU U3 CBOUX pelleu. J/ CAblwaA
malUKe paHbwe om cjJpaH4Y3CKoro KOHCYAa U HeKomopblX
gpyrux AU4, llmo UHocmpaH4aM BCRlleCKU 3ampygHRemcR
gocmyn K ra3KBapy.
nOHRmHO n03mOMY, llmo 3HaKOMble MHe gOA/KHOCmHble
AU4a B EOM6ee nocneWUAU OmKAOHUmb MOlO npocb6y 06
ycmpoucmBe cBugaHuR BeAUKoro KHR3R C ra3KBapoM, CCbl-
AaRCb Ha HeAlO6e3Hocmb U Bo06 e Ha cmpaHHocmu xapaK-
mepa nocAegHero. CAYllauHo, ogHaKo, MHe ygQAOCb Hau-
-295-
H.H. HerrOMH5ImJilM
=
=
mu AU40, KOmOpOe B3RAOCb ycmpoumb noe3gKY B Eapogy, a
UMeHHO HeKoero r. (/)pe3epa, pegaKII1.0pa-u3gameAR BAUR-
meAbHoro aHrAo-uHguucKoro opraHa «The Times of India».
Ha o6ege, gaHHoM 3mUM rocnoguHoM ero BbzcollecmBY, OH
CBeA MeHR C npu6bzBWUMU cAYllauHo B mom )l{e geHb B EOM-
6eu aHrAuucKuM pe3ugeHmoM B Eapoge, nOAKOBHUKOM Mu-
gOM, U BocnumameAeM gemeu ra3KBapa, r. (/)peHlleM. nOA-
KOBHUK Mug, nogo6Ho MOUM 6oM6eucKuM gpY3bRM, om-
KAOHUA om ce6R ycmpoucmBo noe3gKu, HO YKa3QA MHe Ha
(/)peHlla KaK Ha AU40, Komopoe, MO)/(em 6bzmb, B cocmOR-
HUU 6ygem nOMOllb MHe. (/)peHll cOBepweHHo omKpoBeHHo
BbZCKa3QA MHe, llmo nocew,eHue ra3KBapa BeAUKUM KHR3eM
6ygem, BepORmHO, He oco6eHHO npURmHO BU4e-KopOAlO, HO
llmo OH Cllumaem ce6R cAyrolO ra3KBapa U nomOMY He 3a-
60mumcR HUCKOAbKO 0 MHeHUU U B3rARgax r. Kep30Ha, U go-
6aBuA, llmo OH He 3aMegAum U3Becmumb CeUllaC)/(e 0 MoeM
)/(eAaHUU ra3KBapa, KomopbZU, HaBepHO, 6ygem OlleHb pag
npUHRmb ero BbZCOllecmBO. AeucmBumeAbHO, Ha cAegylO-
W,UU )/(e geHb nOAYlleHO 6blAO npurAaweHue ra3KBapa noce-
mumb ero BAageHUR.
npUeM, OKa3aHHbZU BeAUKOMY KHR310 ra3KBapOM, npeB30-
weA Bce MOU O)/(ugaHUR. no Bbzpa6omaHHOU 3apaHee npo-
rpaMMe, mpu gHR, npoBegeHHbze ero BbZCOllecmBOM B Eapoge,
6blAU CI1AOWb 3anOAHeHbZ BCRKUMU BocmOllHbZMU YBeceAeHU-
RMU, cmOAb UHmepeCHbZMU gAR eBponeUCKoro nocemumeAR.
Ha o6ege, gaHHoM ra3KBapoM B CBoeM gBop4e B llecmb BeAU-
Koro KHR3R, rocmenpuuMHbZU X03RUH BcnOMHUA, Me)/(gy npo-
llUM, 0 nocew,eHUU ero BAageHuu rocygapeM uMnepamopoM U
BbZCKa3QA uCKpeHHee CO)/(QAeHUe, llmo mJVKKaR 6oAe3Hb AU-
WUAa ero B mo BpeMR B03MO)/(HOCmU AUllHO npUHRmb aBry-
cmeuwero rocmR.
Aa)/(e nOAKOBHUK Mug, OlleHb A106e3Hbzu, xomR U He-
CKOAbKO HeBocnumaHHbzu upAaHge4, pewuB, BepoRmHo, llmo
«CeMb 6eg - OgUH omBem», ycmpoUA B llecmb BeAUKoro KHR-
3R Garden party, Ha Komopou npucymcmBOBQAa BCR eBponeu-
CKaR KOAOHUR B Eapoge.
K CO)/(QAeHUlO, R He UMeA B03MO)/(HOCmU conymcmBoBamb
BeAUKOMY KHR310 B KanypmQAY, HO U3 paCCKa30B ero BbZCOlle-
cmBa U AU4 ero CBumbZ RBcmByem, llmo Marapag)/(a Kanyp-
maAbCKUU B A106e3Hocmu U npegynpegumeAbHOCmU gQ)J(e
npeB30weA ra3KBapa.
- 296-
PYCCKa5I I1HJJ:Ji15I
=
=
l.jmo KaCaemCR nOMew,UKa (3eMuHgapa) Marapag)/(U Eara-
gypa MaUMeHCUHrCKOrO, mo OH ycmpoUA gAR BeAUKOrO KHR3R
B ge6pRX BOCmOllHOU EeHrQAUU BeCbMa UHmepeCHYlO oxomy
Ha mUrpOB, C 60 CAOHaMU. CaM Marapag)/(a OKa3QACR pagyUl-
HeuUluM X03RUHOM U geAQA Bce B03MO)/(HOe, llmo6bl yrogumb
rocmRM.
KAeMM.
ABnpl1, cpo 147, CpeAHea311aTCKI1H CTOA, OIL 485, A. 920,
A. 7950 H 06. nOAJ\.I1HHI1K.
li1H.IUi1I1I CKli1I1I IIJIEH IllT AEC-
KAIIli1T AHA IllY JIb)l(EHKO
= -
=
B 1899 rOAY, KorAa B AaAeKOH lO>KHOH Acppl1Ke HaqaAaCb
AHTAo-6YPcKaH BOHHa, COTHH A06pOBOAhQeB nOTHHYAHCb
B IO>KHbIe nopTbI Ha napOXOAbI, qT06bI OTnpaBI1TbCH Ha no-
MOrn;b 6ypaM. CpeAH HI1X OKa3aACH 11 HallI repoH, 0 KOTOpOM
113BeCTHO BeCbMa MaAO.
AAeKcaHAP HI1KOAaeBl1q lllYAh>KeHKo (1869 - nOCAe
1903) nocrynl1A Ha cAY>K6y BOAbHoOnpeAeAHIOrn;HMCH B
1886 rOAY, OKOHqHA KypC B ABYXTOAl1qHOM OTAeAeHl111 npl1
MOCKOBCKOM neXOTHOM IOHKepCKOM yqHAI1rn;e B 1886-
1888 rOAax. B oKTH6pe 1899 rOAa OH nOAyql1A 3arpaHI1qHbIH
oTnycK 11 noeXaA B lO>KHYIO ACPPI1KY, rAe np06bIA 15 MeCH-
QeB, Cpa>KaHCb Ha cTopoHe 6YPOB. B OAHOM H3 60eB BbIHec
paHeHHoro B HOry A.H. ryqKoBa, 6YAyrn;ero npeAceAaTe-
AH III-H rOCYAapcTBeHHoH AYMbI. PellIHB BepHyrbcH Ha po-
AI1HY, A.H. lllYAb>KeHKo HanpaBHAcH B aHrAHHCKI1H Aarepb
npl1 r. nI1T-PeTl1cpe, HO no Aopore 6bIA CXBaqeH acppl1KaHQa-
MH H npenpoBO>KAeH B Aarepb J\aHKallIl1pCKOrO nOAKa. AH-
rAHqaHe He MOrAI1 AOKa3aTb, qTO OH yqacTBOBaA B BoeHHbIX
AeHCTBI1HX, HO OH 6bIA 3aXBaqeH KacppaMI1 C o PY>K11 eM , no-
3TOMY ero OTnpaBI1AI1 B Aarepb BoeHHonAeHHbIX B HHAI1IO.
AaAhHeHllIaH ero CYAb6a H3BeCTHa 6AarOAapH HeCKOAbKI1M
nl1CbMaM, COXpaHI1BllIHMCH B apXI1Bax.
29 MaR 1901 roga - 15 UlOAR 1902 roga. AOKYMeHTbI 0
npe6bIBaHHH B nAeHY B HHAHH llITa6c-Kanl1TaHa KepqeH-
CKOH KpenocTHoH MI1HHOH pOTbI A.H. lllYAb>KeHKo.
OI1CbMO llITa6c-KanHTaHa A. H.lllYAh>KeHKo PYCCKOMY
KOHCYAY B KOAOM60 B.K. lllHeHAepy 0 TOM, KaK OH nonaA B
nAeH K aHrAHqaHaM.
MUAocmUBbZU rocygapb,
nOllmUmeAbHO YBegOMA51lO Bac, IImo R, AAeKcaHgp Hu-
KOAaeBUIl lllYAb)l{eHKO, ocpuu,ep KeplleHcKoii MUHHOU pombZ,
- 298-
PYCCKaH I1HJJ:J1H
=
=
25 OKlIlR6pR 1899 roga nOA}l1lUA om PYCCKUX BAacmeu pa3-
peweHue Ha 6-MeCRllHoe npe6blBaHue 3a rpaHuu,eu, nOAb-
3YRCb KomopblM R npoeXQA B lO)/(HY!O AcjJPUKY, B lO)/(Ho-
AcjJpUKaHCKYlO pecny6AUKY, rge U OCmaBQACR go 5 anpeAR.
1901 roga.
B 3mom geHb R g06pOBOAbHO U 6e3 BCRKoro Ha 3mo npUHY)/(-
geHuR HanpaBUACR B aHrAUUCKUU Aarepb B num-PemucjJCKOM
oKpyre, Ha rpaHuu,e CBa3UAeHga.
TaK KaK R npocpOllUA CBOU omnYCK npu6AU3UmeAbHO Ha
rog, mo, no PYCCKUM BoeHHblM 3aKOHaM, R nogAe)/(y UCKAlOlle-
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-299-
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HUlO U3 CAY)l{6bl U, B cAyqae B03Bpaw,eHUR B POCCUlO, 3aKAlO-
lleHUlO B Kpenocmu om 6 go 12 MecRu,eB.
n03moMY R nOllmumeAbHeuUle npoUlY Bac YBegoMumb
PyccKue BoeHHble BAacmu, llmo R BOeHHOnAeHHblU U AUUleH B
HacmoRw,ee BpeMR B03MO)l{HOCmU BepHymbcR B POCCUlO. Hem
HUKaKUX gOKa3ameAbcmB moro, llmo6bl R HapyUlUA npucRry
HeUmpQAUmema, maK KaK R He 6blA B3Rm Ha nOAe CpQ)l{eHUR,
a g06pOBOAbHO RBUACR K aHrAUllaHaM.
He OmKa)l{Ume B AlO6e3Hocmu coo6w,umb MHe, Hem AU
KHur Ha aHrAUUCKOM R3blKe 0 TpaHCBaQAbCKOU BOUHe U Ka-
Kue U3 (CAOBO He pa306paHO. - ABm.). MO)l{HO AU gocmamb
B KOAOM60 KHUry, 03arAaBAeHHYlO «nOCAe npemopuu; nap-
mU3QHCKaR BOUHa»?
npOUlY ma10Ke He omKa3amb MHe npUCAamb cmapble PYC-
CKue ra3embl, Komopble R BaM B03Bpaw,y no npOllmeHUU.
TaK KaK HaUl u,eH30p He 3Haem pYCCKoro R3blKa, npoUlY
omBem BaUl cocmaBumb Ha aHrAUUCKOM UAU rOAAaHgcKoM
R3blKe.
3apaHee 6AarogapR Bac, ocmalOCb BaUl nOKopHeuUlUU
cAyra IlIYAb)l{eHKo.
N.B. TaK KaK R He BAagelO aHrAUUCKUM R3blKOM, BblUleU3-
AO)l{eHHOe HanucaHO MOUM npURmeAeM.
prBI1A, cpo 802, OIL 10, A. 2797, A. 5-6. KOIIH5I.
9 aBrycma 1901 roga. 113 IIHCbMa BoeHHoro MHHHCTpa re-
HepaAa OT HHcpaHTepHH A.H. KypOIIaTKHHa MHHHCTPY HHO-
CTpaHHbIX AeA rpacpy B.H. AaM3AoPCPY C IIpOCb60H CIIO-
C06CTBOBaTb OCBo60>KAeHHIO H3 IIAeHa IlITa6c-KaIIHTaHa
A.H. IlIYAb)KeHKo.
...npocb6a Boumu B CHOUleHue C aHrAUUCKUM npaBumeAb-
cmBOM gAR BblRCHeHUR 06cmORmeAbcmB, npu KomopblX B3Rm
B nAeH 03HalleHHblU ocjJuu,ep... npUlleM, npUHUMaR BO BHU-
MaHue, llmo Ulma6c-KanumaH IlIYAb)l{eHKO BO Bcex omHOUle-
HURX npeKpaCHblU ocjJuu,ep U Ol1lAUllQACR Bcerga llecmHblM U
go6pocoBecmHblM UCnOAHeHUeM Bcex 06R3ameAhCmB no gOA-
ry BoeHHOU CAY)l{6bl, R n03BOAlO ce6e oco6eHHO npocumb, He
U3BOAume AU, BaUle CURmeAbcmBO, npU3Hamb B03MO)l{HblM
OKa3amb cogeucmBue K CKopeUUleMY B03Bpaw,eHUlO ero B
POCCUlO.
-300-
PYCCKa51 MH.n:M.H
=
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npU 3mOM CllUmalO gOAroM npucoBoKynumb, llmO co cmo-
pOHbl BOeHHOrO MUHUCmepCmBa 6ygym npUHRmbl Bce Mepbl
K mOMY, llmo6bl wma6C-KanumaH IlIYAl:')l{eHKo He npUHUMQA
60Aee HUKaKoro yqacmuR B AHrAo- TpaHCBaQAbCKOU BouHe.
BoeHHblu MUHucmp reHepaA om uHcjJaHmepuu Kypo-
namKUH.
PfBHA, cpo 802, OIL 10, A. 2797, A. 11. KorrH5I. Orry6A.:
HCTOpHqeCKHH apxHB. 1997. NQ 4.
22 ceHmR6pR 1901 roga. AOHeceHHe feHepaAbHOrO KOH-
CYAa B HHAHH B.D. cpOH KAeMMa AHpeKTopy nepBoro Aerrap-
TaMeHTa MHAa H.f. fapTBHry 0 rroAyqeHHH HM rrHCbMa aT
IlITa6c-KarrHTaHa A.H. IlIYAb)KeHKo.
Cogep)l{aw,UUCR B AxMeg-HarapcKoM Aarepe nAeHHblX
6YPOB wma6c-KanumaH KeplleHcKou KpenocmHou MUHHOU
pombl AAeKcaHgp IlIYAb)l{eHKo Ha gHRX o6pamUAcR'. KO MHe U
K ceKpemaplO reHepQAbHOrO KOHcYAbcmBa K03aKoBY C n.l)Cb-
MaMU, Komopble BonpeKu ycmaHoBAeHHblM gAR BOeHHOnAeH-
HblX npaBUAaM 6blAU nOCAaHbl U3 AxMeg-Harapa nOMUMO 3a-
BegylOw,ero AarepeM UAU u,eH30pa. Konuu C o6oux 3mux nu-
ceM UMelO llecmb npu ceM npegcmaBumb.
Bo u36e)l{aHUe gaAbHeUWUX nonblmOK co cmopoHbl r. IlIYAh-
)l{eHKO CHocumbCR co BBepeHHblM MHe reHepaAbHblM KOHCYAb-
cmBOM maKUM He3aKOHHblM nymeM, nonblmOK, Komopble B CAY-
llae Heygallu He npeMUHYAU 6bl HaBAellb Ha Hac cnpaBegAu-
Boe nogo3peHue U HeygoBoAbcmBue aHrAUllaH, R ocmaBUA o6a
nUCbMa 6e3 omBema, U3 llero, R HagelOcb, OH nouMem, llmo no-
g06HblU cnoco6 CHoweHUR HaM He )J{eAameAeH.
He gyMalO, llmo6bl cmOUAO B036Y)J{gamb Bonpoc 0 Henpa-
BUAbHOM B3Rmuu B nAeH 3moro pyccKoro ocjJuu,epa. OH caM
rOBopum, llmo 6blA 3aXBalleH C 0pY)l{UeM B pYKax, a B OgHOM
U3 nocAegHux HOMepoB «HOBOrO BpeMeHu» UMeemCR onuca-
Hue ero 60eBblX nogBuroB B pRgax 6YPOB. Bce, llmo MO)l{HO
6blAO nOKa cgeAamb gAR 06AerlleHUR ero Yllacmu, ucnOAHe-
HO: OH nOAYllaem nUCbMa om pOgHblX, cHa6)l{aemCR PYCCKU-
MU ra3emaMUU HegaBHo 3aBegYlOw,eMY AarepeM nAeHHblX
BHeceHbl gAR ero Hago6Hocmu 472 pynuu, npucAaHHble no
BblcollauweMY nOBeAeHUlO U3 rAaBHoro wma6a, U 182 py-
nuu, npucAaHHble, BepoRmHo, ero pOgHblMU. 3a HeUMeHueM
- 301-
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B AxMeg-Harape nepeBog1.J.UKa pYCCKOrO R3blKa U gAR u36aB-
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06xoguMocmu nepeBogumb Ha aHrAUUCKUU R3blK Bce nUCb-
Ma, Komopble nOAY1.J.alOmCR Ha UMR lllYAb)l{eHKU, 3aBegylO-
W,UU AarepeM Mauop AUKUHCOH pa3peUlUA eMY nOAY1.J.amb
nUCbMa 6e3 npegBapumeAbHOu u,eH3ypbl nog 1.J.eCmHblM CAO-
BOM, 1.J.mo B HUX He 6ygem cogep)J{ambCR HU1.J.erO npomUB-
Horo npaBUAaM, ycmaHoBAeHHblM gAR BOeHHOIlAeHHblX. Co
BpeMeHeM, 6blmb MO)J{em, MHe ygacmcR BblXAonomamb ew,e
HeKomopble Abrombl gAR. HaUlero IlAeHHOrO coome1.J.eCmBeH-
HUKa, HO 3mo gOAJKHO 6blmb cgeAaHo 01.J.eHb OCmOpO)l{HO U
He UHa1.J.e KaK nymeM AU1.J.HblX CAOBeCHblX CHOUleHUU C aHr-
AUUCKUMU BoeHHblMU BAacmRMU.
Cynpyra KOMaHgylOw,ero BOUCKaMU EOM6euCKoro OKPy-
ra Aegu YecmMaKom, nocemUBUlaR HegaBHo BMecme co CBO-
UM MY)l{eM AxMeg-HarapCKUU Aarepb, npUHRAa 60AbUloe yqa-
cmue B r. lllYAh)l{eHKe: OHa Bbl3BQAa ero, 6ecegoBQAa CHUM
(xomR U He 6e3 mpyga, maK KaK ocjJuu,ep 3mom rOBopum
mOAbKO no-cjJpaHu,Y3CKU, ga U mo 1.J.pe3Bbl1.J.aUHO IlAOXO) U, Ha-
KOHeu" BeAeAa CHRmb C Hero cjJomorpacjJulO, KomopylO OHa XO-
1.J.em 1.J.epe3 MeHR nOCAamb ero pOgHblM.
Aegu YecmMaKom paCCKa3blBQAa MHe 0 Bne1.J.aIIlAeHUU, KO-
mopoe npOU3BeAU Ha Hee IlAeHHble 6YPbl. OHa rAy6oKo B03-
Myw,aemCR meM, 1.J.mo cpegu HUX maKoe MHO)l{eCmBO gemeu
12-16-AemHero B03pacma. OHa Bbl3BQAa MAagUlero U3 HUX U
cnpocUAa ero, He mRromumCR AU OH 01.J.eHb IlAeHOM. «Hanpo-
mUB, - OmBe1.J.QA MQAb1.J.UK, - 1.J.eM gOAbUle MOU IlAel-l 6ygem
npogOAJKambCR, meM AyqUle, u60 3mo cAY)l{Um MHe gOKa3a-
meAbcmBOM, 1.J.mo maM, Ha poguHe, 6opb6a 3a cBo6ogy ome-
1.J.eCmBa ew,e npogOAJKaemcR». Ha Bonpoc reHepQAa YecmMa-
Koma, 1.J.mo 6bl OH cgeAQA, eCAU 6bl ero omnycmUAu, MQAb1.J.UK
OmBe1.J.QA npocmo: «J/ cmQA 6bl onRmb BoeBamb npomuB Bac».
3mom MQAeHbKUU repou 6blA, no CAOBaM Mauopa AUKuHcoHa,
gBQ)l{gbl 3aXBa1.J.eH C 0pY)l{UeM B pYKax: nepBblu pa3 ero Bbl-
ceKAU U omnycmUAu, a Bmopou pa3 peUlUAu ygep)l{amb BO-
eHHOIlAeHHblM. Omeu, ero nQA Ha BouHe, a Mamb U MAagUlue
6pambR U cecmpbl mOMRmCR B aHrAuucKoM Aarepe B IO)l{HOU
AcjJpuKe.
Ha gHRx B EOM6eu npU6blAa HOBaR napmuR BOeHHOIlAeH-
HblX, cpegu KOUX MHorue OKa3QAUCb 60AhHblMU KOpblO, n01.J.e-
MY napmUR U cogep)l{UmCR nOKa B KapaHmuHe.
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PYCCKaH MH.IJ:MH
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C rAy60KuM nOllmeHUeM U maKOBOlO )J{e npegaHHocmblO
UMelO lleCmb 6blmb Bawero npeBocxogumeAhCmBa nOKOp-
HeiiwUM cAyroii
B. KAeMM.
(Hagnucb Ha nepBoii cmpaHuu,e gOKYMeHma) MHe Ka)J{em-
CR, Hago coo6w,umb 3mO BOeHHOMY M[UHucmjpy.
ABTIPH, cpo 147, CpeAHea3HaTcKHH CTOA, OIL 485, A. 915,
A. 96-97 H 06. TIOAJ\HHHHK.
1 OK1115l6pR 1901 roga. TIHCbMO IlITa6c-KaIIHTaHaA.H. WYAb-
JKeHKO reHepaAbHOMY KOHCYAY B EOM6ee B.D. cpOH KAeMMY 0
B351TI1I1 ero B IIAeH H C IIpOCb60H 0 IIOMOIIJ;H.
He omKa)J{ume B BaweM COBeme no HeKomopblM Bon.po-
caM. .H, wma6C-KanumaH KeplleHCKoii KpenocmHoii MUHHOii
pombl AAeKcaHgp IlIYAb)J{eHKo, B oKmR6pe 1899 roga nOA YIlUA
3arpaHUIlHblii omnYCK U noexQA B IO)J{HYlO AcjJPUKY gAR U3Y-
lleHUR BoiiHbl Ha cBoii cmpax U pUCK. 3gecb R np06blA 1 Me-
cRu,eB npu KOMaHgax 6YPOB U HaKoHeu, pewuA BepHymbcR B
POCCUlO. TaK KaK Bce BblxOgbl 6blAU 3aHRmbl aHrAUllaHaMU,
mo R HanpaBuAcR g06pOBOAbHO B aHrAuiicKuii Aarepb npu r.
num-PemucjJe. Aoporoii llepe3 KacjJpcKYlO cmpaHY R nog-
BeprcR HanageHulO KacjJpoB, Komopble 3aXBamUAU MeHR U
npegcmaBuAu B Aarepb AaHKawupcKoro nOAKa 6-ro anpeAR.
Co MHOii 6blAa BUHmOBKa (K CO)J{QAeHUlO, He ycneA nycmumb
ee B xog no 3mUM HerogRRM), KomopylO UMeA gAR 060POHbl
om KacjJpOB, pa360iiHUIlaBwux B 3moii MecmHocmu. Ylla-
cmUR Moero B BoiiHe U HapyweHuR HeiimpQAumema aHrAU-
llaHe gOKa3amb He Morym. TaK KaK 3ma BoiiHa 3amRHemCR
ew,e Ha HeCKOAbKO Aem, mo He MOry AU R llepe3 Bac xogamaii-
cmBOBamb 0 Ha3HalleHUU cyga U cAegcmBuR gAR gOKa3aHuR
HapyweHuR MHOlO HeiimpQAumema. nOKa Yllacmue Moe B
BoiiHe He gOKa3aHO, R UMelO npaBO nOAb30BambCR nOKpOBU-
meAbcmBOM PYCCKUX 3aKOHOB. KpOMe 3m oro, He MOry AU R
xogamaiicmBOBamb llepe3 Bac 0 npegocmaBAeHUU MHe, KaK
PYCCKOMY ocjJuu,epy, HeKomopoii cBo6ogbl Ha CAOBO, xomR 6bl
mOAbKO e)J{egHeBHo nporyAuBambCR no OKpecmHocmRM Ax-
MegHarapa. Mbl 3gecb CUgUM B cjJopme, KaK pa36oiiHUKU, U
mOAbKO gBa pa3a B HegeAlO UMeeM llaCOBYlO nporyAKY nog
CUAbHblM KOHBoeM. 3a 3Aoynompe6AeHue MHOii cBo6ogoii
-303-
H.H. HerrOMHHllJ:MM
=
=
aHrAUllaHe Morym Ha3HallUmb KaKUe yrogHo HaKa3aHUR go
paCCmpeARHUR BKAlOllUmeAbHO. l1Au, MO)J{em 6blmb, B o6e-
CnelleHUe MOerO CAOBa R MOry npegcmaBumb HeKomopylO
CYMMY geHer.
Mou 3arpaHUllHbiU OmnYCK gaBHo npOCpOlleH, U no B03-
Bpaw,eHUU B POCCUlO MeHR o)J{ugaem, BepORmHO, omcugKa B
Kpenocmu.
npegaHHblu BaM U npOll.
ABnPH, cpo 147, CpeAHea3HaTcKHH CTOA, on. 485, A. 915,
A. 98 H 06. KonM5I.
12 cpeBpOAR 1902 roga. AOHeceHHe reHepaAbHOrO KOH-
CYAa B EOM6ee B.D. cpOH KAeMMa AHpeKTopy nepBoro Ae-
napTaMeHTa MHAa H.r. rapTBHry 0 ero nocern;eHMM IlITa6c-
KanHTaHa A.H. IlIYAb)KeHKo B Aarepe BoeHHonAeHHbIX.
KaHu,eARpUR BoeHHo-YlleHoro KOMumema ceKpemHblM
om3blBOM om 18 geKa6pR MUHYBwero roga 3a Ng 477 YBego-
MUAa MeHR, llmo rocygaplO l1MnepamoPY 6blAO 6Aaroyrog-
HO nOBeAemb accurHOBamb wma6c-KanumaHY lllYAb)J{eHKo,
cogep)J{aw,eMycR B Aarepe nAeHHbLX 6YPOB B AxMeg-Harape,
nOAyqaeMoe UM Ha cAY)J{6e cogep)J{aHue Bnpegb go ero OCBO-
6o)J{geHuR U3 nAeHa U nepeBogumb eMY 3mu geHbru llepe3
Moe nocpegcmBo nog BugOM noco6uu om ero pogcmBeHHu-
KOB. K mOMY om3blBY npUAO)J{eHa 6blAa U nepBaR accurHOBKa
gAR 3moro ocpuu,epa.
o maKOBOU MOHapUleu MUAocmu R He Mor coo6-
w,umb r. lllYAb)J{eHKe no nOllme, maK KaK nucbMO Moe MorAO
AerKO npoumu llepe3 aHrAuucKYlO u,eH3YPY. C gpyrou cmo-
pOHbl, R OnaCQACR, llmo lllYAb)J{eHKo, npOCUBWUU CBOUX pog-
cmBeHHUKOB, AlOgeu, nO-BuguMOMY, He6oramblX, He nOCbl-
Aamb eMY geHer, 6ygem omKa3blBambCR npuHuMamb U pac-
xogoBamb geHbru, nepeCblAaeMble eMY MHOlO B Buge noco6uR
om pOgHbiX. EguHcmBeHHblM BbLXOgOM U3 3moro 3ampygHu-
meAbHoro nOAO)J{eHUR 6blAO AUllHoe cBugaHue C nAeHHblM, K
KaKoBoMY cpegcmBY R U pewUA npu6erHymb.
COBepweHHO llacmHblM 06pa30M R ucxogamauCmBOBQA
ce6e y EOM6eucKoro ry6epHamopa pa3peweHue Ha nocew,e-
Hue AarepR 6YPOB B AxMeg-Harape U Ha cBugaHue c coome-
llecmBeHHuKoM, KaKOBoe pa3peweHue U 6bLAO gaHo MHe 6e3
-304-
PYCCKa.H I1H.n:M.H
=
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BCRKoro KOAe6aHUR U ga)l{e, nO-BuguMOMY, C nOAHOlO rOmOB-
HocmulO.
7/20 cpeBpOAR R npU6blA B AxMeg-Ha,rap U B mom)l{e geHb
BugeAcR CUlm. Kan. lliYAb)J{eHKo B KaHu,eARpuu AarepR, a Ha
cAegylOw,ee ympo MHe 6blAO gQ)l{e pa3peUleHo cOBepUlumb
CHUM gOBOAhHO npogOA.)l(UmeAhHYlO nporyAKY B npegeAQX
YKpeI1AeHUR.
Jl 3acmOA r. lllYAb)J{eHKo COBepUleHHO 3g0pOBbLM U 60gpbLM.
BonpeKU mOMY, Ilmo rOBopUAOCb onno3uu,UOHHOlO npec-
COlO B J1HgUU U AHrAUU, r. AxMeg-Harap gOA.)l(eH 6blmb npu-
3HaH B KllUMamUlleCKOM omHOUleHUU gOBOAbHO 3g0pOBOlO
MecmHocmblO; 3mo OgUH U3 HeMHorux HaceAeHHblX nYHKIIlOB
EOM6eu.CKoro npe3ugeHmcmBa, rge B HacmoRw,ee BpeMR CO-
BepUleHHO Hem IlYMbl. Aarepb I1AeHHblX nOMew,aemCR B cma-
PUHHOM mY3eMHOM YKpeI1AeHUU, 06HeceHHOM gOBOAbHO Bbl-
COKOlO CmeHOu. U KpenocmHblM pBOM. nAeHHble )l{UBym B 6a-
paKax U3 rocppupOBaHHoro )l{eAe3a, gOBOAbHO BblCOKUX U
npocmopHblX, HO, gOA.)l(HO 6blmb, OlleHb )l{apKUX npU--HacmOR-
w,eu. meMnepamype gHR. Ocpuu,epbl nOMew,alOmCR omgeAhHO,
xomR He nOAh3YlOmCR nOllmu HUKaKUMU gpyruMu AbromaMU
U npeuMyw,ecmBaMU nepeg 06blKHOBeHHblMU «6yprepaMU»
npOBU3UR omnYCKaemCR B gocmamollHOM KOAUllecmBe, HO
I1AeHHble caMU gOA.)l(Hbl Bapumb ce6e nuw,y, KomopaR BCAeg-
cmBue 3moro nOAyqaemcR He COBceM BKYCHOlO. He B036pa-
HRemCR uMelOw,UM Ha mo cpegcmBa nOKynamb ce6e KOHcep-
Bbl y MapKumaHma, pa3peUlaemcR malUKe Kypumb ma6aK, HO
BCRKue cnupmHble HanumKU 3anpew,eHbl npocmblM I1AeHHblM
U pa3peUlalOmcR AUUlb no oco6ou. npocb6e U B MOAOM KOAU-
lleCmBe ocpuu,epaM. nAeHHble, OnRmb-maKU 3a UCKAlOlleHueM
ocpuu,epoB, gOA.)l(Hbl caMU y6upamb CBOU KaMepbl, U AUUlb gAR
caMblX rpR3HblX pa60m HaHUMalOmCR mY3eMu,bl. nAow,agb,
Ha KOmOpOu. paCnOAO)l{eHbl 6apaKu, o6HeceHa gBOU.HOU. 3aro-
pOgKOU. U3 KOAlOlleu. npoBoAoKU, 3a KomopylO I1AeHHble Morym
Bblxogumb AUUlb C oco6oro pa3peUleHuR U He UHalle KaK nog
KOHBoeM (UCKAlOlleHue 6blAO cgeAaHo gAR Ulm. Kan. lllYAh-
)J{eHKO npu MoeM nocew,eHUU). C HapY)J{HOu. cmopoHbl U3ro-
pogu cmORm llaCOBble. ABa pa3a B HegeAlO I1AeHHble, B mOM
IlUCAe U ocpuu,epbl, BblBogRmcR U3 YKpeI1AeHUR Ha 06W,YlO npo-
ryAKY nog KOHBoeM. 3aBegylOw,uu AarepeM Mauop AUKUHCOH
paCCKa3blBOA MHe, Ilmo OH xogamaucmBOBOA 0 pa3peUleHUU
I1AeHHblM ocpuu,epaM nporyAuBambCR cBo6ogHO, nog Ilecm-
-305-
H.H. HerrOMH.HII(MM
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HblM CAOBOM, HO BblClllee HallQAbCmBO Ha 3mo He corAaCUAOCb,
BblCKa3aB MHeHue, llmo Ha llecmHoe CAOBO 6ypa nOAO)J{umb-
CR HeAb3R. BnpOlleM, I1AeHHblM ocjJuu,epaM pa3pellleHO 6blAO
BblXogumb Ha nporyAKU B conpOBO)J{geHuu aHrAUUCKUX ocjJU-
u,epOB, Komopble nO)J{eAQAU 6bl B3Rmb UX C C06010 nog CBOlO
omBemcmBeHHocmb, 3mo nOKa3QAOCb, ogHaKo, meM U gpyruM
HaCmOAhKO cmeCHUmeAhHblM, llmo HUKIIlO 3mou AhromOU He
nOAb3yemCR.
XomR maKUM 06pa30M pa3Huu,a Me)J{gy ocjJuu,epCKUM U 06-
UM nOMe eHuRMu I1AeHHblX He oc06eHHO 3HallumeAbHa, MHe
6blAO, meM He MeHee, OlleHb HenpURmHO Y3Hamb, llmo lllm.
Kan. IlIYAb)J{eHKo cogep)J{umCR He B ocjJuu,epCKOM omgeAeHuu,
a B 06 ux 6apaKax. OlleBugHoe HeygoBoAbcmBue Moe, Kor-
ga R Y3HQA 063moM, ompa3UAocb Ha MoeM Auu,e, u60 Mauop
AUKUHCOH, He O)J{ugaR Moero Bonpoca, nocnelllUA CAO)J{umb C
ce6R BUHY. no ero CAOBaM, nogmBep)J{geHHblM U r. IlIYAh)J{eH-
KO, OH nOMecmUA nocAegHero Ha nepBblX nopax C ocjJuu,epaMU
U gOHec 0 mOM no HallQAbCmBY, MomUBupOBaB CBoe pacno-
pRJKeHUe meM, llmo IlIYAb)J{eHKo PYCCKUU ocjJuu,ep, HO BCKope
npulllAo npuKa3aHue CBblllle nepeBecmu ero 06pamHo B 06-
ue 6apaKu, maK KaK, corAaCHO HaBegeHHblM cnpaBKaM, OH
He 6blA ocjJuu,epOM B «6YPCKOU» apMuu.
Ha Bonpoc, HeAb3R AU llmo-Hu6ygb cgeAamb gAR 06Aer-
lleHUR yqacmu Moero coomellecmBeHHuKa, Mauop AUKUHCOH
CKa3QA, llmo oCB060)J{geHue ero U3 I1AeHa 3aBucum UCKAlOllU-
meAbHO om Aopga KUlleHepa U BoeHHoro MUHucmepcmBa B
AOHgoHe, HO UHguucKue BAacmu MorAU 6bl, eCAU 6 UM yrogHo
6blAO, pa3pelllumb eMY np0)J{uBamb Ha cB060ge nog llecmHblM
CAOBOM U nog U3BecmHblM Hag30poM. OH nOCOBemOBQA MHe
ga)J{e nOXAonomamb 06 3mOM. AUllHO Mauop AUKUHCOH nOKa-
3QACR MHe geucmBumeAbHo pacnoAo)J{eHHblM K IlIYAb)J{eHKo,
Komopblu, no ero CAOBaM, nOAb3yemcR 60AhlllOU nonYARpHo-
cmblO B Aarepe 3a CBoe g06pogylllue, 06xogumeAbHocmb, e-
gpocmb U BcergalllHlOlO romOBHocmb nOMOllb I1AeHHblM como-
Bapu aM.
Apyrux I1AeHHblX R BugeA mOAbKO u3gaAu, Me)J{gy HUMU
ecmb cegble cmapuKu U HeMQAO (go 60 lleAoBeK) gemeu U
lOHOllleu. Korga MaAeHbKuu 12-AemHuu 6yp 6blBaem ge-
)J{ypHblM no AareplO U Bblxogum 3a llepmy u3ropogu, ero
maKJKe conpoBo)J{gaem BblCOKUU aHrAUUCKUU llaCOBOU C
3apR)J{eHHblM pY)J{beM. rOBopRm, llmo 3mo OlleHb 3a6aBHaR
-306-
PYCCKaH I1H.n:J1H
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KapmUHa, Hag Komopou HeMaAO nomeUlalOmCR caMU aH-
rAUllaHe. Ha gHRX Bce gemu U cmapUKU AXMeg-HarapCKoro
AarepR 6ygym nepeBegeHbl B M. Camapy, Ilm06bl Ollucmumb
Mecmo gAR HOBOU napmuu I1AeHHblX. rOBopRm, Ilmo B Ca-
mape I1AeHHblM 6ygem npegocmaBAeHO HeCKOAbKO 60AbUle
cB060gbi.
IlIm. Kan. IlIYAh)l{eHKO rOBOpUA MHe, Ilmo, no gOUlegUluM
go Hero cBegeHuRM, B gpyrux AarepRX I1AeHHbLX 6bLAU cAyqau
OCB060)l{geHuR U3 I1AeHa omgeAbHblX UHocmpaHll,eB, npeUMY-
w,ecmBeHHO HeMll,eB U aMepUKaHll,eB, no OC06blM xogamau-
cmBaM 0 HUX. OH xomeA HaBecmu 60Aee nogp06Hble cnpaBKU
063mOM U co06w,umb MHe cjJaMUAuu oCB060)l{geHHblx.
ECAU npegcmaBumcR B03MO)l{HOCmb cgeAamb Ilmo-Au60
llaCmHblM 06pa30M gAR HaUlero ocjJull,epa, mo R He npeMUHY
BocnOAb30BambCR CAYllaeM, Ilm06bl 06Aerllumb ero Yllacmb,
HO BBUgy 3amaeHHoro Heg06po)l{eAameAbcmBa KO BceMY
PYCCKOMY, rocnogcmBYlOw,ero cpegu aHrAUllaH B J1HgUU,
onacalOCb, Ilmo MOU XAonombl egBa AU YBeHllalOmCR 60Ab-
UlUM ycneXOM.
C rAy60KuM nOllmeHueM U maKOBOlO )J{e npegaHHocmblO
lleCmb UMelO 6blmb BaUlero npeBocxogumeAbcmBa nOKOp-
HeUUlUM cAyrolO
KAeMM.
ABOPH r cpo 147r CpeAHea3MaTcKI'H'1: CTOA r OIL 485r A. 920 r
A. 48-50 H 06. OOAJillHHHK.
15 UlO.Ml 1902 roga. AOHeceHHe reHepaAbHOrO KOHCYAa B
EOM6ee B.D. cpOH KAeMMa AHpeKTopy OepBoro AerrapTaMeH-
Ta MHAa H.r. rapTBMry 06 oCB060R<AeHHH IlITa6c-KarrHTaHa
IlIYAb)KeHKo M3 rrAeHa.
HeB3upaR Ha 3aKAlOIleHue Mupa B IO)l{HOU AcjJpuKe, aH-
rAUllaHe go cero BpeMeHU npogOA/KalOm gep)J{amb B J1HgUU
c HeU3MeHHOU cmporocmblO He mOAhKO I1AeHHbLX 6YPOB, HO
U uHocmpaHll,eB, 3QXBalleHHbLX Ha meampe BOUHbl. Mou He-
ogHoKpamHble nonblmKU g06umbcR llaCmHblM 06pa30M OCBO-
60)J{geHuR Ulma6c-KanumaHa IlIYAh)J{eHKu He YBeHIlQAUCb
ycnexoM, U, BeCbMa BepORmHO, HaUleMY coomellecmBeHHUKY
npUlllAOCb 6bl ew,e gOBOAbHO gOATO npocugemb B I1AeHY, eCAU
6 R He 06pamUACR K nOMow,u MecmHOU aHrAUUCKOU npeCCbl.
- 307-
H.H. HerrOMH.HIIJ:MM
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no Moeu npocb6e pegaKmop ra3embl «The Times of
India» (/)pe3ep, C KomopblM co BpeMeHu nocew,eHUR EOM-
6eR BeAUKUM KHR3eM EOPUCOM BAaguMupoBulleM, Y MeHR
ycmaHoBuAuCb OlleHb xopoUlue omHOUleHUR, nOMecmUA B
cBoeu ra3eme gOBOAbHO pe3KYlO cmamblO no agpecyaHrAo-
UHgUUCKUX BoeHHblX BAacmeu U ux omHoUleHuu K BoeHHO-
IlAeHHblM uHocmpaHu,aM. B cmambe 3mou, B Buge npuMe-
pa, npuBegeHo 6blAO omHOUleHue 3mux BAacmeu K Ulma6c-
KanumaHY lllYAb)l{eHKo, KomopoMY 6e3 BCRKoro BuguMoro
OCHOBaHUR omKa3aHO 6blAO ga)l{e B npocb6e noceAumbCR y
MeHR Bnpegb go nOAHoro oCB060)l{geHuR U3 IlAeHa. r. (/)pe-
3ep HanOMHUA, Me)l{gy npolluM, CBOUM coomellecmBeHHU-
KaM, llmo HeMaAO npegnpuuMlluBblX 6pummoB Cpa)l{aAOCb
npomuB PYCCKUX B nocAegHlOlO PyccKo-mypeu,KYlO BOUHY.
CmambR 3ma UMeAa MarUlleCKoe geucmBue. AHR llepe3 gBa
nOCAe ee nORBAeHUR R cmaA nOAYllamb co Bcex cmopoH me-
AerpaMMbl U 6YMaru C 3anpocaMu, )J{eAalO AU R B3Rmb Ha
nopYKU r. lllYAb)l{eHKO U 6epYCb AU R omnpaBumb ero Ha pO-
gUHY Ha c06cmBeHHblii Cllem.
(/)pe3ep paCCKa3blBaA MHe, llmo 3aBegylOw,uu AarepeM
IlAeHHblX 6YPOB B l1HgUU Bblpa3UA eMY HeygoBOAhCmBUe no
nOBogy 03HalleHHou cmambu, HO OH eMY momllac )J{e omBe-
mUA, llmo OH nOMecmum ew,e ropa3go 60Aee pe3KYlO omno-
Begb no ero agpecy, eCAU lllYAb)l{eHKo He 6ygem momllac )l{e
pa3peUleHO nepeexamb U3 Camapbl Ha )l{UmeAhCmBO B PYC-
CKoe KOHCYAhCmBO.
Ha npOlllAOU HegeAe Ulma6c-KanumaH lllYAb)J{eHKo 6blA
OCB060)l{geH U npU6blA KO MHe, a B llemBepr 18/31 UlO.Ml R om-
npaB.MllO ero omclOga Ha ljJpaHu,Y3cKOM napoxoge B nopm-
Caug gAR gaAbHeiiUlero cAegoBaHuR B Ogeccy.
C rAy60KuM nOllmeHueM U maKOBOlO )l{e npegaHHocmblO
UMelO llecmb 6blmb BaUlero npeBocxogumeAbcmBa nOKOp-
HeUUlUM cAyrolO
B. KAeMM.
ABOPI1, cpo 147, CpeAHea3MaTcKMM CTOA, on. 485, A. 915,
A. 94 M 06. OOAJ\MHHHK. Ony6A.: I1cTopMqecKHM apXMB. 1997.
NQ 4.
AaAbHeMIIIa51 cYAb6a OTBa)KHOrO pyccKoro ocpMIJ;epa
IIITa6c-KaIIMTaHa AAeKcaHApa lllYAb)KeHKo HeM3BeCTHa...
-308-
JIEB TOJICTOM J1 J1H,[{J151
= -
- =
AeB HHKOAaeBHq TOACTOH (1828-1910) HHTepeCOBaAC5I
BOCTOKOM BCIO CBOIO )KM3Hb. CpeAM KHMr, KOTopbIe OH npo-
qeA B AeTCTBe, TOACTOH yxa3aA apa6cKHe «CKa3KM TbIC5Iqa
M OAHOH HOqH», «40 pa360HHHKOB», «TIpHHIJ; KaMapaAb3a-
MaH». TIpM nocT)'IIAeHHH B Mae 1844 rOAa B Ka3aHcKHH YHH-
BepcHTeT TOACTOH BbI6paA BOCTOqHOe OTAeAeHHe cpHAO-
cocpcKoro cpaKYAbTeTa no rypeIJ;Ko-apa6cKoMY oTAeAY, HO B
OKT5I6pe 1845 rOAa nepellIeA Ha IOpHAHqeCKMH cpaKYAbTeT,
KOTOpbIH CqeA 60Aee nOAXOMlrn;HM B npaKTMqeCKOM OTHO-
llIeHMH (npaBAa, ero OH TO)Ke BCKope oCTaBHA). TI03AHee, B
M3AaBaeMbIX HM B 1870-e rOAbI KHHrax AMI AeTeH (<<A36YKa»,
«KHHra AMI qTeHH5I») M 3aTeM B BbIXOAHBllIMX B M3AaTeAb-
CTBe «TIocpeAHMK» KHHrax AMI HapoAa, TOACTOH nOMelli;a-
eT MHAHHcKHe CKa3KH, 6acHH H paccKa3bI Ha peAMrM03Ho-
3TMqeCKHe TeMbI.
TOACTOH HMeA 60raTylO 6M6AMoTeKY no BOCTOKY. Hap5l-
AY C pa60TaMH 3anClAHbIX cpMAOCOcpOB OH rAy60Ko HHTepe-
COBaAC5I yqeHH5IMM AaO-IJ;3bI, KOHCPYU;H5I, EYMbI, MyxaM-
MeAa. OH BbICOKO CTaBMA AOCTH)KeHM5I ApeBHeH HHAMHCKOH
cpMAOCOcpHM M KYAbrypbI, nMCaA CTaTbH, paCCKa3bI, CKa3-
KH, CB5I3aHHbIe C peAMrM03HbIMH HAe5lMM BocToKa: «0 Be-
pax» (1886), «CHMapTa, np03BaHHbIH EYMOH, T. e. CB5ITbIM.
)KH3Hb M yqeHHe ero» (1884-1887), «KapMa» (1894), «EYA-
Aa» (1904), «YqeHHe Aao T3e» (1907), «¥l3peqeHM5I MaroMe-
Ta, He BOllIeAllIMe B KopaH» (1908) MAP. TOACTOH CAeAaA ne-
peBOAbI M3peqeHMH KpMllIHbI M3 KHMrM TIpeMaHaHAa Exapa-
TM «Shree Krishna. The Lord of Love» (N.Y., 1904).
A.H. TOACTOH 6bIA 6AM30K 06rn;ecTBeHHbIM Ae5lTeJ\5lM
BocToKa, B TOM qHCAe M raHAM, rAaBHbIM 06pa30M 6Aaro-
Aap51 CBOMM peAHrH03HO-cpMAOCOcpCKMM pa60TaM, CBoeM
MOpaAbHO-3TMqeCKOM KOHIJ;enIJ;MM HenpOTMBAeHM5I 3AY Ha-
CMAMeM, nponaraHAe «3aKOHa AI06BM», npM3bIBY K C06AIO-
AeHMIO HpaBCTBeHHbIX 3anOBeAeM XpMCTa B )KM3HM rOCYAap-
CTBa M 06rn;eCTBa M BMeCTe C TeM 51pOCTHOMY M 51PKOMY 06AH-
qeHMIO yrHeTeHM5I M HaCMAM5I.
- 309-
tI . H. H e II a M H H II( Jt1 i1
=
=
, \
llucameAb A.H. TOAcmou. XygO)l{HUK M.H. KpaMcKOU
no 3THM BOIIpocaM Y TOACToro 6bIAa AOBOAbHO 60AbllIaH
IIepeIIHCKa C IIpeACTaBHTeMIMH HHTeAAHreHIJ;HH BOCTOKa,
B TOM qHCAe H I1HAHH. nepeIIHCKa HaqaAaCb BO BTOpOH IIO-
AOBHHe 1890-x rOAOB. nepBbIM HHAHHCKHM KoppeCIIOHAeH-
TOM A.H. TOACToro 6bIA YIIeHApa KpHIlIHa AaTT. EMY IIHCaA
H3AaTeAb >KypHaAa «The Arya» H3 MClApaca A. PaMa3ecxaH
B 1901 rOAY, B 1903 rOAY - H3AaTeAb >KypHaAa «Review of
Religion» rAaBa HHAHHCKHX MycYAbMaH-cYHHHTOB MYcp-
THH MyxaMMClA CClAbIK, KOTOpbIH, IIpaqHTaB 0 TOACTOM B
«Encyclopaedia Britannica», qTO OH OTpHIJ;aeT TpOHIJ;Y H
60>KeCTBeHHocTb XpHcTa, CqeA, qTO TOACTOH IIO CBOHM pe-
AM:rH03HbIM B3rMIAaM MycYAbMaHHH. B TOM >Ke raAY IIPH-
IlIAO IIHCbMO aT HCCAeAOBaTeMI ApeBHeH HHAHHCKOH cpHAO-
COcpHH n.M. Aaca lllapMbI. B 1905-1907 rOAax eMY IIHCaA
- 310-
PYCCKaH J1H.ICl1H
=
=
H3AaTeAb >KypHaAa «The Light of India» B Aoc-AHA,>KeAeCe
Ea6a npeMaHaHA ExapaTH, C006rn;aH 0 cBoeH cOAHAapHo-
CTH C peAM:rH03Ho-HpaBcTBeHHbIMH B3r:MIAaMH A.H. TOA-
CToro, B 1907 rOAY - A. forraA t.!eTTH - peAaKTop H H3Aa-
TeAb >KypHaAa «The New Reformer» (MClApac), HarrHcaBIlIHH
KHHry «Count Leo Tolstoy: his Life and Teaching» (MClApac,
1909), a TaK>Ke CTaTbIO 0 A.H. TOAcToM K ero 80-AeTHIO. TOA-
CTOH rroAyqaA ero >KYPHaA «The New Reformer» AO caMOH
KOHqHHbI. B 1907-1908 rOAax TOACTOMY rrHCaA A6AYAAa-aA-
MaMYH 3ypaBapAH - AOKTOp cpHAOCOcpHH, H3AaTeAb >Kyp-
HaAa «The Light of the World» (AOHAOH), B 1908 rOAY -
cpHAOCOcp C.P. t.!HTTaA, a TaK>Ke peAaKTop >KypHaAa «Free
Hindustan» TapaKHaTx Aac, B 1909 rOAY - EHllIeH HapaHH,
IOpHCT rro 06pa30BaHHIO, TaK>Ke pa3AeMIBllIHH peAM:rH03HO-
cpHAOcocpcKHe B3rMIAbI TOAcToro, 3aTeM peAaKTop >KypHaAa
«The Vedic Magazine» rrpocpeccop PaM a AeBa (r. KaHrpa) H
APyrHe.
MoxaHAac KapaMqaHA faHAH (1869-1948), AHAep
HaIJ;HOHaAbHO-OCB060AHTeAbHoro ABH>KeHH5I I1HAHH, 3aHH-
TepeCOBaACH yqeHHeM A.H. TOAcToro ern;e B lO>KHOH Acp-
pHKe, KYAa rrpHeXaA B 1893 rOAY. OH rrHCaA: «5{ YCHAeHHo
H3yqaA rrpoH3BeAeHHH TOACToro. uKpaTKoe EBaHreAHe",
uTaK qTO >Ke HaM AeAaTb?" H APyrHe ero KHHrH rrpOH3BeAH
Ha MeH5I CHAbHoe BrreqaTAeHHe. 5{ Bce rAy6>Ke rrOHHMaA 6e3-
rpaHHqHbIe B03MO>KHOCTH AI06BH» (raHgu M.K. M051 >KH3Hb.
M., 1969).
n03AHee CBOHM CTOpOHHHKaM OH peKOMeHAOBaA AAH
rrpOqTeHH5I pa60TbI TOACToro «WapcTBo 60>KHe BHyrpH Hac»
(1890-1893), «Pa6cTBo Halliero BpeMeHH» (1900), «nepBbIH
llIar» (1891-1892), «t.!TO TaKoe HCKYCCTBO» (1897-1898),
«fAe >Ke BbIXOA» (1900), «nHCbMO K HHAYCY» (1908).
1 OKm5l6pR 1909 roga. nHCbMO M.K. faHAH A.H. TOACTO-
MY C rrpocb60H BbICKa3aTb CBoe MHeHHe rro rrOBOAY 60pb6bI
HHAHHCKHX rrepeCeAeHIJ;eB B lO>KHOH AcppHKe rrpOTHB AHC-
KpHMHHaIJ;HH MeTOAOM HeHaCHAbCTBeHHoro corrpOTHBAeHH5I
H C rrpocb60H pa3pellIHTb rrepeBeCTH H orry6AHKOBaTb CTaTbIO
A.H. TOACToro «nHCbMO K HHAYCY» 0 BOAHeHH5IX B I1HAHH.
OmeAb «BecmMuHcmep-naAac», 4, BUKmopuR-cmpum,
AOHgOH.
-311-
=
H. H. HerrOMHHII(Jt1M
=
MUAocmUBblU rocygapb!
Eepy Ha Ce6R CMeAOCmb
o6pamUmb BaUle BHUMa-
HUe Ha mo, llmo geAaem-
CR B TpaHCBaQAe (IO)KHaR
AcjJpUKa) Bom Y)Ke nOllmu
mpu roga.
B 3mou KOAOHUU UMe-
emCR HaceAeHue 6pu-
maHCKUX uHgYCOB, nOll-
mu 13 mblC. lleAOBeK. 3mu
uHgyCbl Y)Ke MHorue rogbl
cmpagQAu om pa3AullHbiX
npaBoBblx orpaHulleHuu.
npegy6e)KgeHue npomuB
u,BemHbiX AlOgeu, a B He-
Komopblx omHOUleHURX U
npomuB a3uamOB Boo6-
e, OlleHb CUAbHO B 3mou
cmpaHe. nOCKOAbKY 3mo
KacaemCR a3uamOB, OHO
06'bRCHRemCR conepHUllecmBOM B moprOBAe. 3mo npeg-
y6e)KgeHue gocmurAO CBoeu BblCUleu cmeneHU mpu roga
Ha3ag, Korga 6bLA npoBegeH 3aKOH, cneu,UQAbHO npegHa-
3HalleHHbiU gA5l a3uamOB, paCCllumaHHblU, KaK gyMalO R U
MHorue gpyrue, Ha mo, llmo6bl YHU3umb U AUUlumb lleAOBe-
lleCKoro gocmouHcmBa mex, npomUB KomopblX OH npUMe-
HRACR. JI C03HaBaA, llmo noglluHeHue 3aKOHY maKoro poga
HeCOBMecmUMO C gyXOM ucmUHHOU peAuruu. KaK R, maK U
HeKomopble MOU gpY3bR e e paHbUle mBepgo BepUAU B Ylle-
Hue HenpomUBAeHUR 3AY, U maKOBblMU Mbl OCmQAUCb U me-
nepb. KpOMe moro, MHe BblnQAO Cllacmbe u3Yllamb BaUlu
nucaHuR, npou3BegUlue rAy6oKoe BnellaIIlAeHUe Ha Moe
MUpOB033peHue. EpumaHCKue uHgYCbl, KomopblM Mbl 06'b-
RCHUAU nOAO)KeHUe Be eu, corAaCUAUCb He noglluHRmbCR
3mOMY 3aKOHY U npegnollecmb 3aKAlOlleHUe B mlOpbMY UAU
gpyrue HaKa3aHUR, Komopble Morym 6blmb no 3aKOHY HQAO-
)KeHbl 3a ero HapYUleHue. CAegcmBueM 3moro nOAYllUAOCb
mo, llmo nOllmu nOAOBUHa Bcero UHgyccKoro HaceAeHUR, He
6blBUlaR B CUAax Bblgep)Kamb HanpR)KeHUe 60pb6bl U nepe-
Hecmu cmpagaHuR npu 3aKAlOlleHUU B mlOpbMY, npegnoll-
-312-
3HaMeHumblll o6w,ecmBeHHblll
geRmeAb u cjJUAOCOcjJ BocmoKa
M.-K. raHgu B Ha1.lOAe XX B.
PYCCKaH MHLJ:Jt1H
=
=
Aa BbZCeAUmbCR U3 TpaHCBaQAR, He)KeAU noglluHumbCR YHU-
3umeAbHOMY, no ee MHeHUlO, 3aKOHY. 113 gpyroii nOAOBUHbZ
nOllmu 2,5 mbZC. lleAOBeK, pagu cAegoBaHuR cBoeii COBecmu,
npegnollAu mlOpeMHoe 3aKAlOlleHUe - HeKomopbze U3 HUX
go nRmu pa3. TlOpeMHoe 3aKAlOlleHUe KOAe6QAoCb Me)Kgy lle-
mbzpbMR gHRMU U UlecmblO MecRu,aMU, B 60AbUluHcmBe CAY-
llaeB C KamOp)KHbZMU pa60maMu. MHorue U3 uHgyCOB 6bLAU
MamepUQAbHO cOBepUleHHo pa30peHbl.
B HacmoRw,ee BpeMfl B mpaHCBaQAbCKUX mlOpbMax Haxo-
gumcR OKOAO 100 maKUX naCCUBHbZX npomuBAeHu,eB. HeKo-
mopbze U3 HUX 6bLAU U paHbUle cOBepUleHHo 6egHbzMu AlOgb-
MU, 3apa6ambzBaBUluMu Ha CBoe cyw,ecmBoBaHue U30 gHR B
geHb. n03moMY npUlllAOCb cogep)Kamb ux )KeH U gemeii Ha
06w,ecmBeHHbze nO)KepmBOBaHuR, c06paHHbze npeuMyw,e-
cmBeHHO cpegu maKUX )Ke naCCUBHbZX npomuBAeHu,eB. Bce
3mo nompe60BQAO mR)KeAOrO HanpRJKeHUR co cmopoHbz 6pu-
maHCKUX UHgyCOB, HO, no MoeMY MHeHUlO, OHU OKa3QAUCb Ha
Bbzcome nOAO)KeHUR.
Eopb6a ew,e npogOAJKaemCR, U HeU3BecmHO, Korga 3aKOH-
llumCR, HO OHa nOKa3QAa, no KpaiiHeii Mepe HeKomopbZM U3
Hac, llmo naCCUBHoe conpomUBAeHue MO)Kem U gOAJKHO no-
6egumb maM, rge rpy60e HaCUAue 6eccUAbHo. Mbz malOKe no-
HRAU, llmo 60pb6a 3amRrUBQAaCb B 3aBUCUMocmu om HaUleii
cAa60cmu, nOpO)KgaBUleii B YMax npaBUmeAbCmBa y6e)Kge-
Hue, llmo MbZ He OKa)KeMCR B CUAax Bbzgep)Kamb gAumeAbHbze
cmpagaHUR.
Jl npueXQA clOga BMecme C OgHUM gpyroM, llm06bZ nOBU-
gamb HeKomopbZX AUU, U3 UMnepCKoro npaBumeAbcmBa U U3-
AO)KUmb UM nOAO)KeHUe geAa, C meM llm06bZ npocumb om-
MeHbZ HecnpaBegAuBocmu. CaMU naCCUBHbze npomuBAeHu,bZ
3aRBUAU, llmo OHU He UMelOm HUllero 06w,ero C 06paw,eHu-
eM K npaBumeAbcmBY, HO genymau,UR nOCAaHa no npOCb-
6e cAa6eiiUlux llAeHOB UHgyCCKOii 06W,UHbZ, U nomoMY OHa
npegcmaBA5lem CKopee ee cAa60cmb, He)KeAU CUAY. Ho 3a
BpeMR Moero npe6bZBaHUR 3gecb MHe cmQAO Ka3ambCR, llmo
eCAU 6bZ ycmpoumb Bce06w,uii KOHKYpC Ha cmamblO no BO-
npocy 0 HpaBcmBeHHocmu U geiicmBeHHocmu naCCUBHoro
conpomUBAeHUR, mo 3mo cgeAQAO 6bZ HaUle gBU)KeHUe 60-
Aee U3BecmHbZM U 3acmaBUAO 6bZ AlOgeii 3agYMambcR. OguH
Moii gpyr nogHRA Bonpoc 0 HpaBcmBeHHoii gonycmuMocmu
ycmpoiicmBa maKoro KOHKypca. OH gyMaem, llmo maKoe 06-
-313-
H.H. HerrOMHHIIJ:Jt1M
=
=
paw,eHue K AlOgCKOMY MHeHUlO HeCOrAaCHO C UCmUHHbZM gy-
XOM naCCUBHOrO npOmUBAeHUR U llmO OHO gacm HaM mOAbKO
KYl1AeHHOe MHeHue.
Mory AU R o6pamumbCR K BaM C npocb6ou BbZCKa3amb-
CR no 3mOMY Bonpocy C mOllKU 3peHUR HpaBcmBeHHocmu.
11 eCAU BbZ COllmeme, llmo Hem HUllerO gypHoro B )KeAaHUU
nOAYllumb MHeHUR pa3HbZX AU4, mo He Ha30Beme AU BbZ MHe
UMeHa mex, K KomopbZM MHe cAegoBQAO 6bZ o6pamumbCR cne-
4UQAbHO C npocb6ou Hanucamb no gaHHOMY npegMemy.
Ecmb ew,e OgHO 06cmORmeAbcmBO, 3aCmaBAJllOw,ee MeHR
omHUMamb BaUle BpeMR. EAarogapR OgHOMY gpyry Y MeHR
OKa3QAaCb B PYKQX KonUR BaUlero «nUCbMa K UHgyCY» 0 mene-
peUlHUX BOAHeHURX B l1HguU. nO-BugUMOMY, OHO BbZpa)Kaem
BaUlU B3rAJlgbZ. Mou gpyr XOllem Ha CBOU Cllem Hanellamamb U
pacnpocmpaHumb 20 000 3K3eMnARpOB 3moro nUCbMa, a maK-
)Ke nepeBecmu ero. Ho MbZ He CMorAU gocmamb ero opuru-
HQAa, a nomOMY He CllUmaeM ce6R BnpaBe Hanellamamb ero,
nOKa MbZ He YBepeHbZ B mOllHOCmU Konuu nUCbMa U llmo OHO
geucmBumeAbHO BaUle. JI OCMeAUBalOCb npUAO)KUmb npu ceM
KonulO C 3mou Konuu U COllmy 3a 60AbUloe ogOAJKeHUe, eCAU
BbZ coo6w,ume MHe, geucmBUmeAbHO AU 3mo BaUle nUCbMO,
BepHa AU KonUR U ogo6pReme AU BbZ ero pacnpocmpaHeHue
maKUM cnoco6oM. ECAU 6bZ BbZ 3axomeAU llmo-Hu6ygb npu-
6aBumb K nUCbMY, mo, nO)KQAyucma, cgeAaume 3mo. JI peUla-
lOCb BbZCKa3amb OgHO npegAO)KeHue. B 3aKAlOllUmeAbHOM na-
parpacjJe BbZ, nO-BuguMOMY, xomume pa3y6egumb llUmameAR
B YlleHuu 0 nepeBOl1Aow,eHuu. JI He 3HalO (eCAU 3mo He gep3Ko
C Moeu cmopOHbZ), U3YllQAU AU BbZ 3mom Bonpoc Cne4UQAbHo.
Bepa B nepeBOl1Aow,eHue, UAU nepeceAeHue gyUl, 01leHb gopo-
ra MUAAUOHaM AlOgeu B l1Hguu, a maKJKe U B Kumae. MO)KHO
cKa3amb, llmo gAR MHorux 3mo y)Ke Bonpoc AUllHOrO nepe)Ku-
BaHuR, a He mOAbKO meopemUlleCKOU gonycmuMocmu. OHa
pa3YMHO 06'bRCHRem MHorue mauHbZ )KU3HU. OHa CAY)KUAa
ymeUleHueM MHorUM naCCUBHbZM npomUBAeH4aM npu UX mlO-
peMHbZX 3aKAlOlleHURX B TpaHCBaQAe.
L(eAb Moero o6paw,eHUR K BaM He B mOM, llm06bZ y6egumb
Bac B ucmUHHocmu 3moro YlleHuR, HO llm06bZ npocumb Bac,
eCAU MO)KHO, UCKJllOllUmb CAOBO «nepeBOl1Aow,eHue» U3 llUCAa
mex nOHRmuu, B Komopbzx BbZ xomume pa3y6egumb llumame-
Ml BaUlero nUCbMa. BbZ UlUpOKO CCblAQAUCb Ha KpUUlHY U npu-
BOgUAU Bbzgep)KKu. JI 6blA 6bZ BaM 01leHb 6AarogapeH, eCAU 6bZ
-314-
PYCCKaH J1H.D:J15I
=
=
BbZ YKa3QAU MHe Ha3BaHUe KHUrU, U3 KOmOpOU BbZ 6pQAU 3mU
Bbzgep)J{KU.
.H ymoMUA Bac 3mUM nUCbMOM. .H 3HalO, llmo me, KInO llmum
Bac U nbzmaemCR cAegoBamb BaM, He UMelOm npaBa omHU-
Mamb BaUle BpeMR U, nOCKOAbKY Morym, gOAJKHbZ B03gep)J{U-
BambCR lleM-AU60 3ampygHRmb Bac. 11 Bce )J{e R, a6COAlOmHO
HeU3BecmHbZU BaM lleAOBeK, OCMeAlOCb o6pamumbCR K BaM C
3mUM nUCbMOM, pagu ucmUHbZ U C 4eAblO YCAbZUlamb BaUl CO-
Bem omHocumeAbHO mex BonpOCOB, peUleHue KomopbZX BbZ
cgeAQAU 3agalleU HaUleu )J{U3HU.
C nOllmeHUeM
BaUl nOKopHbZU cAyra M.K. raHgu
rpacjJy AbBY TOAcmOMY
.HcHaR nOA5lHa
POCCUR.
fleq. no: J\HTeparypHoe HaCAeACTBO. J\.H. TOACTOH.
T. 37-38. M., 1939.
70KInR6pR 1909 roga. - flHCbMO J\.H. TOAcToro M.K. faH-
AH C nO>KeAaHHeM ycnexa HHAHHQaM B HX 60pb6e npoTHB
AHCKpHMHHaQHH B lO>KHOH AcppHKe H C corAaCHeM Ha nepe-
BOA H ny6AHKaQHIO CBoeH CTaTbH «flHCbMO K HHAYCY».
.HcHaR nOARHa.
CeUllac nOAYllUA BaUle B BbZCUleu cmeneHU UHmepeCHoe U
gocmaBuBUlee MHe 60AbUlYlO pagocmb nUCbMO. nOMorau Eor
HaUlUM goporuM 6pambRM U compygHuKaM B TpaHCBaQAe. Ta
)J{e 60pb6a MRrKoro npomuB )J{ecmOKoro, CMupeHuR U AlO6-
BU npomuB ropgocmu U HaCUAUR C Ka)J{gbzM gHeM Bce 60Aee
U 60Aee npORBA5lemCR U y Hac, B oco6eHHocmu B OgHOM U3 ca-
MbZX pe3KUX CmOAKHOBeHUU 3aKOHa peAurU03Horo C 3aKOHOM
MUPCKUM - B omKa3QX om BoeHHOU CAY)J{6bl. OmKa3bZ cma-
HOBRmCR Bce llaw,e U llaw,e.
nUCbMO K UHgyCY HanucaHO MHOlO, nepeBog 01l{eHb] XO-
p0ul. 3arAaBue KHuru 0 KpUUlHe BaM 6ygem BbZCAaHO U3 Mo-
CKBbl.
CAOBO «reincarnation» MHe 6bZ He xomeAOCb UCKAlOllamb,
n{omOMY] ll{mo], no MoeMY MHeHUlO, Bepa B «reincarnation»
HUKorga He MO)J{em 6bzmb maK mBepga, KaK Bepa B HeYMupa-
eMocmb gyulU U B cnpaBegAuBocmb U AlO6oBb Eora. BnpOlleM,
-315-
H.H. HenOMH.HII(Jt1M
=
=
geAaume KaK xomume. nepeBogy Ha UHgyC[CKUU] R3blK MOerO
nUCbMa U pacnpOCmpaHeHUlO ero MOry mOAbKO pagoBambCR.
AYMalO, llmo competition, m. e. geHe)J{Hoe noow,peHue, B
geAe peAuruo3HoM HeYMecmHo. ECAU R MOry cAY)J{umb lleM
BaUleMY u3gaHulO, mo 6ygy oll[eHb] page
EpamCKU npUBemcmBYlO Bac U pagylOcb o6w,eHUlO C
BaMU.
Jl. TOAcmou.
neq. no: TOACTOH A.H. nOAH. c06p. COq. T. 80. M., 1992.
10 HOR6pR 1909 roga. nHCbMO M.K. faHAM A.H. TOACTOMY
C npocb60H HCIIOAb30BaTb orpOMHbIH aBTopHTeT A.H. TOA-
CToro AMI IIOMep>KKH COIIpOTHBAeHH5I HHAHHQeB B IO>KHOH
AcppHKe H C006rn;eHMe 0 IIpHAO>KeHHH K IIHCbMY KHHrH A;>K.
AOKa 0 Ae5lTeAbHOCTH raHAH B IO>KHOH AcppHKe.
OmeAb «BecmMuHCmep-nQAac», 4, BUKlTIOpUR-Cmpum,
JlOHgOH.
Aoporou C3p, cepgellHo 6AarogaplO Bac 3a BaUle 3aKa3Hoe
nUCbMO no nOBogy «nUCbMa K uHgyCY» U mex BonpocoB, KO-
mopblX R KaCQACR B nUCbMe K BaM.
Jl He nUCQA BaM, He )J{eAaR. 6ecnOKoumb Bac, maK KaK Y3HQA,
llmo Bbl 60AbHbl, a nUCbMeHHoe Bblpa)J{eHue Moeu 6AarogapHo-
cmu RBARemCR Begb npocmou cjJOpMaAbHOCmblO. Ho pa3blCKaH-
HblU rocnoguH 3iiAbMep Moog 3aBepUA MeHR, llmo Bbl BnOAHe
3gopOBbl U peryARpHo no ympaM 3aHUMaemeCb KoppecnoHgeH-
u,ueu. 3mu cBegeHuR OlleHb o6pagoBQAU MeHR, U R peUlUA CHO-
Ba HanUCamb BaM 0 geAax, Komopble, R 3HalO, UMelOm BeAU-
llauUlee 3HalleHue C mOllKU 3peHuR BaUlero yqeHuR.
nOCblAalO BMecme C nUCbMOM KHUry, HanucaHHYlO og-
HUM U3 MOUX gpY3eu-aHrAUllaHUHOM, HaxogRw,UMCR menepb
B lO)J{Hou AcjJpUKe. KHura 3ma UMeem omHOUleHue K Moeu
)J{U3HU U npOAUBaem CBem Ha my 60pb6y, Komopou R nOCBR-
mUA CBOlO )J{U3Hb. TaK KaK MHe OlleHb XOllemCR npuBAellb BaUl
uHmepec U CUMnamuu, R nogyMQA, llmo Bbl He COllmeme npu-
CblAKY KHuru Ha30iiAuBocmblO.
no MoeMY MHeHUlO, UHgUUU,bl B TpaHCBaQAe Begym ceu-
llac BeAUllauUlYlO 60pb6y B COBpeMeHHOu ucmopuu, nOCKOAb-
KY OHa ugeClAhHa KaK C mOllKU 3peHUR nocmaBAeHHOu u,eAU,
maK U MemogoB gocmU)J{eHUR 3mou u,eAU. Jl He 3HalO HU OgHO-
- 316-
PYCCKa.H l1H.D:J1.H
=
=
ro gpyroro npUMepa 60Pb6bZ, B KOmOpOU ee fllacmHUKU He
cmpeMUAUCb 6bZ U3BAellb U3 Hee KaKue-Au60 AUllHbze Bbzrogbz
U B xoge Komopou nOAOBUHa fllacmHUKOB nogBeprQAaCb 6bZ
BeAUKUM cmpagaHuRM pagu mop)J{ecmBa npuHu,una.
Jl He UMelO B03MO)J{Hocmu nonYARpU3upOBamb HaUlY
60pb6y maK UlUpOKO, KaK MHe xomeAOCb 6bZ. B HaUle BpeMR
BbZ nOAb3yemecb, BepORmHO, Hau60AbUlUM BAURHueM Ha UlU-
pOllaUUlue Kpyru o6w,ecmBeHHocmu. ECAU Bac ygoBAemBO-
pRm cjJaKlIlbZ, U3AO)J{eHHbze B KHure Mucmepa AOKa, U eCAU
BbZ COllmeme, llmo 3mu cjJaKlIlbZ onpaBgbzBalOm BbZBOgbZ, K
KomopbZM R npUUleA, mo He Mor AU 6bZ R npocumb Bac UC-
nOAb30Bamb BaUle BAURHue, llmo6bZ AlO6bZM cnoco60M, KO-
mopbZU BbZ Haugeme npueMAeMbZM, nonYAJlpU3UpOBamb
HaUle gBU)J{eHue? ECAU OHO Bocmop)J{ecmByem, mo 3mo 6y-
gem He mOAbKO mop)J{ecmBOM BepbZ, AlO6BU U ucmUHbZ Hag
HeBepueM, HeHaBucmblO U AO)J{blO, HO, BeCbMa BepORmHO,
nOCAY)J{um npUMepOM gAJl MUAAUOHOB Arogeu B l1Hguu U B
gpyrux llacmRx CBema, MOryW,UX nognacmb nog nRf!lY yrHe-
mameAeu. OHO 6e3YCAOBHO 6ygem BO MHorOM cnoco6cmJ3o-
Bamb nopa)J{eHUlO cmopOHHUKOB HaCUAUR, no KpaUHeu Mepe
B l1HguU. ECAU MbZ 6ygeM gep)J{ambCR go KOHu,a, - a R gy-.
MalO, llmo MbZ Bbzgep)J{UM, - y MeHR Hem HU MQAeUUlerO CO-
MHeHUR B KOHellHOM ycnexe. BaUla noggep)J{Ka MO)J{em YKpe-
numb HaUlY peUlUMocmb.
neperOBopbZ, npegnpuHRmbze C u,eAblO yperyAupoBamb
3mom Bonpoc, npaKlIlUlleCKU npOBQAUAUCb. BMecme co CBO-
UM KOAAerou R B03Bpaw,alOCb Ha 3mou HegeAe B IO)J{HYlO AcjJ-
PUKY, rge MeHR )J{gem mlOpeMHoe 3aKAlOlleHue. Mory go6a-
Bumb, llmo MOU CbZH C pagocmbro npucoeguHUAcR KO MHe B
3mou 60pb6e U ceUllac om6bZBaem UlecmUMeCRllHbZU CpOK Ka-
mop)J{HbZX pa6om. 3mo y)J{e llemBepmbZU pa3, KaK OH nogBep-
raemCR mlOpeMHOMY 3aKAlOlleHUlO B xoge 60pb6bl.
ECAU BbZ 6ygeme maK g06pbZ omBemumb Ha 3mo nUCbMO,
mo R npocUA 6bZ Bac nucamb Ha Moe UMR no agpecy: r. l1oraH-
Hec6ypr, IO)J{HaR AcjJpUKa, nOllmOBbZU RUl,UK NQ 6522.
C Hage)J{gou, llmo Moe nUCbMO 3acmaHem Bac B g06pOM
3gopoBbe, ocmalOCb
BaUl nOKopHbZU cAyra, M. raHgu.
fletI. no: lllHcpMaH A.H. J\eB TOACTOH H BOCTOK. M.,
1971.
-317-
H.H. HerrOMH.HII(Jt1M
=
=
4 anpe.Ml 1910 roga. nHCbMO M.K. faHAH A.H. TOACTOMY
C npocb60H 03HaKOMHTbC5I C nOCbIAaeMOH KHHrOH M.K. faH-
AH «I1HAHHCKoe caMoyrrpaBAeHHe», a TaK)Ke 0 BAO)KeHHOH B
nHCbMO KonHH CTaTbH A.H. TOACToro «nHCbMO K HHAYCY».
l1oraHHec6ypr.
MUAocmUBbZU rocygapb!
Bbz, BepORmHO, npunOMHume MOIO nepenUCKY C BaMU, Kor-
ga R BpeMeHHO 6blA B AOHgoHe. KaK Baw CKpOMHbZU nocAego-
BameAb, nOCblAalO BaM npu ceM KHU)l{K}T, HanucaHHYlO MHOIO.
3mo MOU co6cmBeHHbZU nepeBog C R3bZKa ryg)l{apamu. ;110-
60nbzmHO, llmo npaBUmeAbCmBO l1Hguu KOHljJUCKOBQAO KHUry
Ha 3mOM R3bZKe. n03mOMY R nocnewUA C ony6AuKoBaHueM ne-
peBoga. MHe He xomeAOCb 6bZ 6ecnoKoumb Bac, HO, eCAU no-
3BOAum Bawe 3gopoBbe U eCAU Bbz Haugeme BpeMR npocMo-
mpemb KHU)l{ellKY, U3AUWHe rOBopumb, llmo Bawa KpumuKa
3moro COllUHeHUR 6ygem g.Ml MeHR B Bbzcweu Mepe u,eHHOU.
nOCblAalO BaM maKJKe HeCKOAbKO Konuu C Bawero «nUCbMa
K uHgyCY», Komopoe BbZ pa3pewUAu MHe ony6AuKOBamb. OHO
mO)l{e 6blAO nepeBegeHo Ha OgHO U3 UHgyCCKux Hapelluu.
OcmalOcb Baw nOKopHbZU cAyra M.K. raHgu.
netI. no: AHTeparypHoe HaCAeACTBO. A.H. TOACTOH.
T.37-38. M., 1939.
25 anpeAR (8 MaR) 1910 roga. nHCbMO A.H. TOACToro
M.K. faHAH 0 nOAyqeHHH ero KHHrH «CaMoynpaBAeHHe
I1HAHH».
JIcHaR nO.MlHa.
Aoporou gpyr!
TOAbKO llmo nOAfIlUA Bawe nUCbMO U KHUry «CaMoynpaB-
AeHue l1Hguu». JI npOlleA Bawy KHUry C 60AbWUM UHmepeCOM,
maK KaK R gyMalO, llmo Bonpoc, KomopbZU BbZ B Heu o6cY)l{ga-
eme - naCCUBHoe conpomUBAeHue, - Bonpoc BeAUllauweu
Ba)l{HOCmU He mOAbKO g.Ml l1Hguu, HO U gAR Bcero lleAOBelle-
cmBa.
JI He Mor ombZCKamb Bawux npegbzgyw,uX nuceM, HO Ha-
weA Bawy 6uorpacjJulO, HanucaHHYlO ,4;K. AOCCOM, KomopaR
mO)l{e OlleHb 3auHmepeCOBQAa MeHR U gQAa MHe B03MO)l{-
Hocmb Afllwe Y3Hamb U nOHRmb Bac.
-318-
PYCCKaH l1H.ICHH
=
=
B HacmoRw,ee BpeMR R He cOBceM 3g0pOB U nomOMY B03-
gep)J{UBalOcb nucamb BaM Bce, llmo R xomeA 6bZ cKa3amb no
nOBogy BaUleu KHuru U Bceu BaUleu pa60mbZ, KomopylO OlleHb
u,eHlO, HO HanuUlY, KaK mOAbKO MHe cmaHem AfllUle.
BaUl gpyr U 6pam.
fleq. no: TOACTOH A.H. nOAH. c06p. COq. T. 81. M., 1992.
15 aBrycma 1910 roga. nHCbMO M.K. raHAH A.H. TOACTO-
MY C 6AarOAapHOCTblO 3a XOpOIlIHH OT3bIB 0 KHHre «I1HAHH-
CKoe caMoyrrpaBAeHHe», 0 c03AaHHH B TpaHCBaaAe r. KaA-
AeH6axOM «TOACTOBCKOH cpepMbI» H 0 IIOCbIAKe ra3eTbI
«Indian Opinion».
l1oraHHec6ypr.
MUAocmuBbzu rocygapb!
OlleHb 6AarogapeH BaM 3a BaUle o6ogpRlOw,ee U cepgell-
Hoe nucbMO om 8 MaR c. r. JI BecbMa u,eHlO BaUl o6w,uu om3bZB
o Moeu 6poUllOpe «Indian Home Rule» U 6ygy o)J{ugamb, llmo,
Korga y Bac HaugemcR BpeMR, BbZ BbZCKa)J{emeCb 0 Moeu pa-
60me 60Aee nogpo6Ho, KaK BbZ 6bLAU cmOAb g06pbZ o6ew,amb
MHe 3mo cgeAamb B CBoeM nUCbMe.
KaAAeH6ax nUUlem BaM 0 «ToAcmoBcKou cjJepMe».
C KaAAeH6axOM MbZ gpY3bR y)J{e MHorue rogbl. Mory CKa-
3amb 0 HeM, llmo OH maKJKe npOUleA llepe3 60AbUlUHcmBO
mex ucnbzmaHUu, Komopbze Bbz maK 06pa3HO onUCbZBaeme
B BaUleu KHure «l1cnoBegb». HUKaKue nucaHUR He npOU3-
BOgUAU Ha KaAAeH6axa maKoro CUAbHoro BnellamAeHUR,
KaK BaUlu, u, B Buge cmUMYAa gAR gaAbHeuUlero YCUAUR
K gocmU)J{eHUlO mex ugeaAoB, Komopbze BbZ B03Bew,aeme
MUPY, OH n03BOAUA ce6e, nOCOBemOBaBUlUCb co MHOlO, Ha-
3Bamb cjJepMY B llecmb Bac.
113 npUAaraeMbZX HOMepoB «Indian Opinion» BbZ 60Aee
nogpo6Ho Y3Haeme 0 ero 6AaropogHoM nocmynKe nepegallu
cjJepMbz HenpomuBAeHu,aM.
JI He cmQA 6bZ Bac ympY)J{gamb BceMU 3mUMU gemQARMU,
eCAU 6bZ BbZ He npORBUAU AUllHoro UHmepeca K gBU)J{eHUlO
naccUBHoro conpomUBAeHUR B TpaHCBaQAe.
BaUl nOKopHbZU cAyra M.K. raHgu
rpacjJy AbBY TOAcmOMY
JIcHaR nOA5lHa.
-319-
H. H. HenOMHHID:J1J1:
=
=
neq. no: AHTeparypHoe HaCAeACTBO. A.H. TOACTOH.
T. 37-38. M., 1939.
nepenHCKa Me>KAY M.K. faHAH H A.H.ToACTbIM npOAOA-
)KaAaCb nOqTH rOA H 060pBaAaCb co cMepTblO A.H. TOACTO-
ro, nOCAeAHee ero nHCbMO M.K. faHAI1 nOAyqHA Y)Ke nOCAe
cMepTH nHCaTeA51.
B3rA51AbI A.H. TOACToro nOMorAH, no CAOBaM faHAH, npH-
AaTb YCTOHqHBYIO c}:>OPMY HAee HeHaCHAbCTBeHHoro conpo-
THBAeHH5I, cTaBllIeH OCHOBOH ABH)KeHH5I npOTHB AHCKPHMH-
HaIJ;HH H 3a CBOH npaBa HHAHHCKHX nepeCeAeHIJ;eB B lQ)KHOH
Ac}:>pHKe H nOAyqHBllIeH BCKope Ha3BaHHe CaTb5lrpaXa («ca-
Tb5l» - HCTHHa, «arpaxa» - TBepAOCTb, TO eCTb TBepAOCTb B
HCTHHe). B AaAbHeHllIeM HeHaCHAbCTBeHHbIe AeHCTBH5I npo-
TeCTa nOA PYKOBOACTBOM faHAH CTaAH HaH60Aee MaccoBoH
c}:>OpMOH HaIJ;HOHaAbHO-OCB060AHTeAbHOH 60pb6bI B I1HAHH.
HecMoTp51 Ha paCx0>KAeHH5I no HeKoTopbIM BonpocaM,
B3rA51AbI TOAcToro H faHAH BO MHorOM COBnClAaAH. B OCHO-
Be MHpOB033peHH5I Ka>KAoro H3 HHX Ae)KaAa peAl1rH5I, K KO-
TOpOH, no HX y6e>KAeHHIO, KaK H K peAI1rH03HbIM nHCaHH5IM,
HeAb351 nOAXOAHTb AOrMaTHqeCKH. I1cTHHHOH peAl1rH03HO-
CTblO OHH CqHTaAH He 06p5lAHOCTb, a npaBeAHoe nOBeAeHHe.
06a OTBepraAH HaCHAHe, OTpHIJ;aTeAbHO OTHOCHAHCb K TOMY,
qTO OHH Ha3bIBaAH COBpeMeHHOH IJ;HBHAI13aIJ;HeH, npH3bIBa-
AI1 K onpo eHHIO, pyqHOMY TPYAY H T. A.
E e AO nepenHCKH C A.H. TOACTbIM M.K. faHAH B H3-
AaBaeMOH HM e)KeHeAeAbHOH ra3eTe «Indian Opinion» B
1905 rOAY ony6AHKOBaA CTaTblO «fpac}:> TOACTOH» (HoMep OT
2 CeHT5I6p5l), a TaK)Ke HeCKOAbKO HpaBoyqHTeAbHbIx paccKa-
30B TOAcToro: «MHoro AM qeAOBeKY 3eMAI1 HY)KHO?» (ony-
6AI1KOBaHO nOA Ha3BaHHeM «AA qHOCTb» ), «Eor npaBAY BH-
AHT, Aa He CKOpO CKa)KeT» («Eor AI06HT npaBAY»), «4eM
AIOAH )KHBbI» («HHTb )KH3HH») HAP. A 26 H05l6p5I 1910 rOAa,
TO eCTb BCKope nOCAe CMepTH A.H. TOACToro, faHAH ony6AI1-
KOBaA B «Indian Opinion» nOCAeAHee nOAyqeHHoe HM nHCb-
MO TOAcToro OT 7 CeHT5I6p51 1910 rOAa H 60AbllIYIO CTaTblO 0
TOACTOM.
o KOHqHHe A.H. TOAcToro, TaK)Ke KaK paHee H 06 ero yxo-
Ae H3 AOMa, C006 aAH H APyrHe HHAHHcKHe ra3eTbI, HanpH-
Mep «Hindu Leader», nOMe eHHbIH B «Hindu» OqepK Ha3bI-
BaAC5I «PYCCKHH H3 PYCCKHX», a )KypHaA «Modern Review»
- 320-
PYCCKa51 l1HJJ:J1H
=
=
B CBOeM AeKa6pbCKOM HOMepe nHCaA: «B AMu;e rpacpa TOA-
CToro nOKHHYAa qeAOBeqeCTBO OAHa H3 BeAHqaHIlIHX AHq-
HOCTeH. MbI 60Aee He YBHAHM ero B TeAeCHOH 060AOqKe, HO
C TeqeHHeM BpeMeHH ero BAM5IHHe, HeCOMHeHHO, e e YCH-
AMTC5I Hero 6YAyr qHTaTb e e 60AbllIe. Ero pOMaHbI Tpora-
lOT Aa)Ke Tex, KTO He npHBbIK npeAaBaTbCH cepbe3HbIM pa3-
MbIIlIAeHH5IM. OAHaKO Bce, KTO 3aHHTepeCOBaH B nporpecce
qeAOBeqeCTBa, He MOryr He 3ClAYMbIBaTbC5I HClA TeM, qTO HM
HanHcaHO 0 MHpe H BOHHe, 0 HenpOTHBAeHHH H 0 cpHAOCOcp-
CKOM aHapXH3Me».
3Ml1rp AHTbI: BCrrOMl1HA5I
l1HL{l1lO. . .
: -
=
PYCCKoe paCCe5lHHe XX BeKa 3aTpOHYAO npaKTHqeCKH
BCe KOHTHHeHTbI. He CTaAa HCKAlOqeHHeM H AaAeKa51 I1H-
AH5I. He TOAbKO CTaBIlIHe xpecToMaTHHHbIMH BocnOMHHa-
HH5I TBepcKoro KynQa AcpaHacH5I HHKHTHHa, 3HaKOMbIe
MHorHM C AeTCTBa 6AaroAap51 qYAecHoMY cpHAbMY «Xo>KAe-
HHe 3a TPH MOP5l», HO H HOBeHIlIHe AHqHbIe CBHAeTeAbCTBa
npeAcTaBHTeAeH Tpex BOAH PYCCKOH 3MHrpaQHH nOMoralOT
HaM Y3HaTb MHoro HOBoro 06 3TOH cTpaHe. B 3TOH CB5I3H
60raTeHllIHM HCTO HHKOM HHcpopMaQHH, n03B0A51IO HM
pacKpwTb MHOrOnOA51pHOCTb pOCCHHCKOH QHBHAH3aQHH,
51BA5IIOTC5I H3AaHH5I PYCCKOH 3MHrpaQHH, XpaH5I HeC5I B
KHHJKHbIX H JKypHaAbHbIX cpoHAax POCCHHCKOH rocYAapcT-
BeHHoH 6H6AHoTeKH.
OAHHM H3 nepBbIx cpeAI1 PYCCKHX 3MHrpaHToB 06 I1HAI1I1
BcnOMHHaeT BAClAbIKa AHTOHHH EAYM. EYAyqH CbIHOM Pyc-
CKoro AHnAOMaTa B nepcHH, rAe HX ceMblO 3aCTaAa peBoAIO-
QH5I 1917 rOAa, 6YAY HH MHTpOnOAI1T 3aneqaTAeA B CBOHX
3anHCKax BbInaBIlIHe Ha AOAIO CeMbl1 CKHTaHH5I. «B 1920 rOAY
MbI HaqaAH ABHraTbC5I H3 nepcHH BOH: nepeMeHa npaBHTeAb-
CTBa, nepeAaqa nOCOAbCTBa H T. A.». AaAee nepeA HaMH B03-
HHKalOT KapTHHbI KypAHcTaHa, EacpbI, oTKYAa nOCAeAoBaA
nepee3A B EOM6eH, rAe B AeTcKYIO naM5ITb Bpe3aAHCb Bocno-
MHHaHI151 0 KpacHbIx ropoAcKHX nocTpoHKax, 3K30THqeCKI1X
AI1Qax, AHKOBHHHOH npHpoAe. AaAee CeMb51 EAYMOB A06pa-
AaCb AO rH6paATapa.
OAHoBpeMeHHo C 3THM H3 APyroH TOqKH no HanpaBAe-
HHIO K I1HAHH ABHraAC5I ApyrOH PYCCKHH 3MHrpaHT - na-
BeA KOHcTaHTHHOBHq nOpTH5IrHH. OH pOAI1AC5I B 1903 rOAY
BO BAClAHBocToKe. B nepHoA rpa>KAaHCKOH BOHHbI BMeCTe
C COTH5IMH COOTeqeCTBeHHHKOB 3MI1rpHpOBaA B KHTaH H C
1924 rOAa JKHA B Xap6HHe.
B OKT5I6pe 1926 rOAY B Ypre COCT05lAaCb ero HeOJKHAaH-
Ha51 BCTpeqa C XYAOJKHHKOM, apxeoAoroM, nyrellIecTBeH-
-322-
PYCCKaH I1HJJ:J1H
=
=
,...
..
.. .
J::t
,
, '\:_-
BAagblKa AHmoHuu EAYM
HI1KOM 11 06rn;eCTBeHHbIM Ae5lTeAeM HI1KOAaeM KOHCTaHTI1-
HOBI1QeM Pepl1XOM, OT KOTOpOrO OH rroAyql1A rrpl1rAarneHl1e
rrpl1H5ITb yqacTl1e B WeHTpaAbHOa311aTCKOM 3KCrreAI1QI1I1.
11 BeCHOM 1927 rOAa OaBeA OOpTH5IrI1H B COCTaBe 3KCrreAI1-
IJ;1111 HarrpaBI1AC5I B TI16eT. 00 cOBery cyrrpyrl1 Pepl1xa OH
HaQaA BeCTI1 AHeBHI1K. PYKorrl1cb OOpTH5IrI1Ha COXpaHI1AaCb,
Ha 060poTe TI1TYAbHoro AI1CTa MO)KHO YBI1AeTb aBTorpacp ca-
Moro HI1KOAa51 Pepl1xa.
3KCrreAI1IJ;I151 CTaAa Af\5I OaBAa rrpeMBepl1eM T5I)KeAbIX
I1crrbITaHI1M. B KOHIJ;e Ma51 1928 rOAa OOpTH5IrI1H paCCTaAC5I C
H. Pepl1XOM 11 BMeCTe C AOKTOpOM 3KCrreAI1IJ;1111 KOHcTaHTI1-
HOM HI1KOAaeBI1QeM P5I6I1HI1HbIM Qepe3 I1HAI1IO HarrpaBI1A-
C5I B KI1TaM. Opl1 rrepexoAe rpaHI1IJ;bI y Harnero repo51 B03-
-323-
H.H. HerrOMHHID:J1M
=
=
HHKAM CAO>KHOCTH, M eMY
rrpHIlIAOCb HeKOTOpOe Bpe-
M5I rrpOBeCTH BO BAaAeHH-
51X MaXap H CHKKHMa,
06rn;a5lCb C aHrAMHCKHM
pe3HAeHTOM rrOAKOBHH-
KOM EeHAM. BnOCAeACTBMH
nOpTH5IrHH CTaA CB5Irn;eH-
HHKOM M CA Y>KHA CpeAH
PYCCKHX 3MHrpaHTOB.
06paTHMC5I K CYAb6e
3KCneAHIJ;HM PepMXa.
npOAa>KaKapTHH, rOHO-
papbI 3a OcpOpMAeHHe Tea-
TpaAbHbIX nOCTaHOBOK, ny-
6AMKaIJ;HH MHOrOqHCAeH-
HbIX CTaTeH 06eCneqHBaAH
PepMXY B03MO>KHOCTb Be-
CTH nAOAOTBOpHyro Ha-
yqHyro pa60ry, a TaK>Ke
rOTOBHTbC5I K noe3AKe B
I1HAHIO. BCKope TaKa51 no-
e3AKa COCT05lAaCb.
2 AeKa6p51 1923 rOAa HHKoAaH KOHcTaHTHHOBHq TeAe-
rpacpHpyeT H3 I1HAHH 0 6AaronoAyqHoM npH6bITHH. OCTa-
HOBHBIlIHCb B EOM6ee, PepHxH npeAnpHH5IAM OCMOTp H3-
BeCTHbIX HCTOpMqeCKHX AocTOnpHMeqaTeAbHocTeH. 3aTeM
noceTHAH A?KaHnyp, Arpy, CapHaTx C ero ApeBHeHIlIHMH
6YMHHCKHMH naM5ITHHKaMH, EeHapec, KaAbKYITY M 0TTYAa
nOBepHYAH Ha ceBep. CBbIllie Tpex TbIC5Iq KHAoMeTpoB 6bIAO
npoHAeHo MeHee qeM 3a OAHH MeC5IIJ;. no nyrH COCT05lAMCb
APY>KeCKHe BCTpeqM C MHAHHCKHMH yqeHbIMM, XYAO>KHHKa-
MH, nHCaTeJUlMH.
B KOHIJ;e AeKa6p51 PepMxH OCTaHOBHAMCb B He6oAbllIoM
KH5I>KeCTBe CMKKHM, HenOAaAeKY OT ropoAa AapNKHAMHra,
paCnOAO>KeHHOM Ha IO>KHbIX CKAOHaX BOCTOqHbIX rHMaAa-
eB. Ta cnellIKa, C KOTOpOH HMKoAaH KOHCTaHTHHOBHq npo-
ABHraAC5I Ha ceBep, cBHAeTeAbcTByeT 0 TOM, qTO ero npe>KAe
Bcero MHTepeCOBaAH rHMaAaH.
YqaCTHHKH 3KCneAHIJ;HH np05lBHAH 60AbllIOH HHTepec K
H3yqeHHIO ApeBHeHIlIHX 6YMMHCKHX nHCbMeHHbIX HCTOq-
-324-
'\
XygO)J{HUK, apxeoAor,
nymeUlecmBeHHuK
U o6w,ecmBeHHbzu geRmeAb
H.K. Pepux
PYCCKaH l1H.D:J1H
=
=
HHKOB. EbIAa C06paHa TaK>Ke IJ;eHHa51 KOAAeKIJ;H5I 06pa3IJ;OB
TH6eTCKOH >KHBOnHCH.
Yepe3 MeC5IIJ; nOCAe npH6bITH5I B' I1HAHIO OH HanHCaA:
«Y>Ke CKAClAbIBaIOTC5I Y MeH5I CepHH KapTHH: 1. ")KeMqyr
HCKaHI1H", 2. IICO>K>KeHHe TbMbI", 3. IICBeTOqH npl1xoAa"».
B 1924-1925 rOAax HaqHHaeTC5I pa60Ta HClA IJ;HKAaMH Kap-
TI1H - «CHKKHMCKHH nyrb», «Ero cTpaHa», «3apO>KAeHHe
TaHH», «rHMaAaH», «MaHTpeH5I», «YqHTeJUI BocToKa».
PepHx nOKa3aA ce651 HenpeB30HAeHHbIM «MacTepoM
rop». HHKoAaH KOHcTaHTHHOBHq yrBep>KAaA, qTO ropbI no-
MoralOT qeAOBeKY 06pecTH MY>KeCTBO, np05lBHTb CHAY Ayxa.
)KH3HeHHa51 npaBAa pepHxoBcKHX ropHbIx neH3a>KeH oco-
6eHHo 6AH3Ka H nOH5ITHa HenoKopHbIM nyrHHKaM B «He3Ha-
eMoe». HecAyqaHHo 06 HCKyccTBe XYAO>KHHKa, Heo6bIqHO-
CTH ero KpacoK C YBAeqeHHeM paccKa3bIBalOT KOCMOHaBTbI.
nOCT05lHHOH 6a30H 3KCneAHIJ;HH Pepl1xa B CHKKHMe 6bIA
AOM TaAaH nxo EpaHr nOA AapA>KHAI1HroM. no npeAaHHIO,
B 3TOM AOMe KorAa-TO OCTaHaBAHBaAC5I nonYJUlpHbIH AaAaH-
AaMa V. C Tex nop 3TO MeCTO nOQHTaAOCb CB5IlI.\eHHbIM H
npHBAeKaAO K ce6e naAOMHHKOB.
Me>KAY TeM 3MHrpaHTCKa51 npecca ny6AI1KOBaAa HHAHH-
CKHe CIO>KeTbI, npHHClMe>KalI.\He nepy caMoro H.K. PepHxa,
>KHBllIerO B 3MHrpaIJ;HH C 1918 rOAa. TaK, H3AaBaBllIHHC5I B
npare >KYPHaA «BOAbHa51 CH611pb» B 1930 rOAY HaneQaTaA
OTpbIBOK H3 ero KHHrH «AATaH - rHMaAaH» B PYCCKOM ne-
peBoAe. CaMa >Ke KHHra BbIIlIAa Ha aHrAHHcKoM B 1929 rOAY
B J\oHAoHe. ECTb elI.\e OAHO npoH3BeAeHHe PepHxa, OTHOC5I-
lI.\eeC5I K PYCCKOH 3apy6e>KHOH neQaTI1, - KHHra «CepAIJ;e
A3I1H», 1929 rOAa H3AaHH5I.
B CeHT5I6pe 1924 rOAa HHKoAaH KOHcTaHTHHOBHq Bpe-
MeHHO paCCTaAC5I C CI1KKHMOM H HanpaBI1AC5I B EBpony H
AMepHKY. EAaroAap51 CB5I351M H 3HeprHH CBOHX aMepHKaH-
CKI1X COTPYAHHKOB OH AOBOAbHO AerKO nOAyql1A pa3pellIe-
HHe Ha nyrellIecTBHe nOA aMepHKaHcKHM cpAaroM 11 ocpop-
MHA HY>KHbIe AOKYMeHTbI.
OCTaBaAOCb oCYlI.\eCTBHTb BTOPYIO 3ClAaqy - HHcpOpMH-
pOBaTb COBeTCKoe npaBHTeAbcTBo 0 CBoeM HaMepeHI1H no-
ceTHTb CCCP H nOJ\.yqHTb Ha 3TO corJ\.aCHe, YCTaHOBI1B CB5I3b
C COBeTCKHMH npeAcTaBHTeJUlMH 3a Py6e>KOM. 11 Ha 06paT-
HOM nyrH H3 CIllA HHKoAaH KOHcTaHTHHOBHq Al1qHO noce-
-325-
H. H. HerrOMHHIl(J1J1:
=
=
lI.\aeT COBeTCKOe rrpeACTaBHTeAbCTBO B EepAI1He. 4HqepHH
paCrrOp5lAHAC5I C006lI.\HTb PepHXY, qTO OH MO)KeT paCCqHTbI-
BaTb Ha He06xOAHMyro rrOMOlI.\b co CTOpOHbI COBeTCKHX BAa-
CTeH. OAHaKO 3TO paCrrOp5l)KeHHe Y)Ke He 3aCTaAO HHKOAa51
KOHCTaHTHHOBHqa B EBporre.
nOCAe BH311Ta B 6epAI1HCKOe rrOAIIpeACTBO PepHX cpa3Y
)Ke OT6bIA B A3HIO. B HaqaAe 1925 rOAa OH Ha KOpOTKHH CpOK
rroceTHA I1HAoHe3HIO H U:eHAoH - IJ;eHTp KpynHoro OTBeT-
BAeHH5I 6YMH3Ma - XHHa5lHbI.
C U:eHAoHa PepHx rroeXaA B MaApac. BrrepBbIe rroceTHA
TeococpcKHH IJ;eHTp B Mb5lpe H rr03HaKOMHAC5I C ero PYKOBO-
AHTeA51MH. HHKoAaH KOHcTaHTHHOBHq rrpeMO)KHA OTKpbITb
TaM MY3eH TeococpCKoro 06lI.\eCTBa I1MeHH E.n. EAaBaTCKOH
H BHec CBOH BKAaA - KapTHHY «BeCTHHK».
np06bIB B Mb5lpe HeCKOAbKO AHeH, HHKOAaH KOHCTaH-
THHOBHq eAeT AaAbllie qepe3 KaAbKyrTy B CHKKHM H Y)Ke B
MapTe 1925 rOAa rrepe6pacbIBaeT CBOIO 3KCrreAHIJ;HIO H3 Aap-
NKI1AHHra B CTOAI1IJ;Y KallIMHpa IllpHHarap (3arraAHbIe rH-
MaAaH).
BrrepeAH Ae)KaA AJlliHHbIH H TPYAHbIH rryrb, a rrepeA 3KC-
rreAHIJ;HeH CTaAM B03HHKaTb OAHa rrperpaA a 3a ApyrOH. /1.MI
aHrAI1HCKOH pa3BeAKH He OCTaAC5I He3aMeqeHHbIM BH3HT Pe-
pHxa B COBeTCKoe rrOArrpeACTBO B EepAI1He, H Terrepb rro Tep-
pHTOpHH KallIMHpa 3KCrreAHIJ;H5I rrpOABHraAaCb, BCTpeqa51
caMbIe HeO)KHAaHHbIe rrperr5lTCTBH5I, BrrAOTb AO BoopY)KeH-
HbIX HarraAeHHH.
Ho TaK I1AI1I1Haqe, ApeBHHH rryrb OT IllpHHarapa AO J\.exa
YAaAOCb rrpOHTH H HCCAeAOBaTb rraM5ITHHKH HCKYCCTBa B Ma-
YAb6eKe, J\.aMalOpe, Ea3ry, CacrrYAe.
B J\.aAaKe 3KCrreAHIJ;H5I rrpOpa60TaAa 60Aee ABYX MeC5IIJ;eB.
nOCAe J\.aAaKa 3KCrreAHIJ;H5I B351Aa HarrpaBAeHHe Ha XOTaH.
npeACT05lAO rrpeOAOAeTb B T5I)KeAbIX YCAOBH5IX oceHH ceMb
rrepeBaAOB BbICOTOIO 60Aee 5 TbIC. M - KxapAoHr, KapaYA-
Aa6aH, Cac3p, AarrcaHr, KapaKOPYM, CyreT H CaHNKY.
4epe3 HeCKOAbKO rrepexoAoB KapaBaH OKa3aAC5I B IJ;ap-
CTBe CHerOB. MOp03 He rr03B0A51A rrOAOAry Aep)KaTb B pyKax
KapaHAalli HAH KHCTb, HO HHKOAaH KOHCTaHTHHOBHq 06Aa-
AaA 3aBHAHOH 3pHTeAbHOH rraM5ITbIO H CYMeA rr03AHee rrOBe-
AaTb 06 3TOH CKa30qHOH rrpHpoAe B CBOHX KapTHHax.
PyccKl1e 3MHrpaHTbI MorAH rrpOqeCTb B HeKoTopbIX HO-
Mepax rrapH)KCKOH ra3eTbI «PyccKa51 MbICAb» 3a 1956 rOAY
- 326-
PYCCKaH l1H.D:J1H
=
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BocnOMHHaHH5I 0 H.K. PepHXe. 3TO CTaTbl1 H.n. Ka3HOBa
«Koe-qTO 0 H.K. PepHxe» H C.K. MaKOBCKoro - «KTO 6bIA
PepHX», rAe nHCaAOCb B TOM qHCAe H <:> rOAax )KH3HH HHKO-
Aa51 KOHCTaHTHHOBHqa B I1HAHH. nOCAe HeCKOAbKHX ycnellI-
HbIX AeT, npOBeAeHHbIX B AMepHKe, M5I PepHxa HacryrrHAM
HeAerKHe BpeMeHa. C. MaKOBCKHH nHllIeT: «...BO BpeM5I npe-
6bIBaHH5I PepHxa B eHTpaAbHOM A3HH, rAe OH CTpaHCTBO-
BaA (c )KeHOH H CbIHOM), B03rAaBA5I5I apxeOAOrHqeCKYIO 3KC-
neAHIJ;HIO, nOKpOBHTeAbCTBOBaBllIHM eMY MHAAHOHep XOpllI
(6I1p)KeBHK) OTKa3aAC5I 6e3 npeAynpe>KAeHH5I OT AaAbHeM-
llIHX AeHe)KHbIX B3HOCOB. PepHXOBCKHe yqpe>KAeHH5I 3a-
KpbIAI1Cb, rOCYAapCTBeHHbIe OcpHCbI CoeAHHeHHbIX IlITaTOB
B036YAHAI1 npOTHB HerO npeCAeAOBaHHe 3a HeB3HOC KaKHX-
TO HaAOrOB, B03BpaT B AMepHKY rp03HA KpynHbIMH HenpH-
51THOCT5IMH. C TPYAOM, nOCAe AOArHX XAonOT, A06HAC5I OIl" aH-
rAI1HCKOH BH3bI B I1HAHIO, rAe cAyqaHHo npH06peA YCClAb6y...
TaM H 3aCTp5lA OH C ceMbeH, AaAeKO OT BC5IKOH HIJ;HBHAI13a-
I.J;HH", )KHB5I KaK nOMe HK-oropoAHHK TpYAaMH H pyx CBOHX"
H nOAb3Y5ICb Ty-3eMIJ;aMH, HaxoAHBllIHMHC5I e e B nOAO>Ke-
HHH nOAYKpenOCTHOM 3aBHCHMOCTH. TaM, B caMOM CepAIJ;.e
BeAl1qaHllIerO B MHpe ropHoro MaccHBa, Ha B03BbIllIeHHOCTH
(2 TbIC. M HClA ypoBHeM MOp5l) C BOHCTHHY BOAllIe6HbIM BHAOM
Ha rHMaAaH, C ropHOM peqKOM cpeAH COCHOBoro Aeca, - B
ceMeHHoM yeAHHeHHH, 3aHHMa51 ABYX3Ta)KHbIH AOM, oTKYAa
AO 6AI1)KaMllIeM )KeAe3HOAOp0)KHOH CTaHIJ;HH (B 200 KM) Be-
AeT no CKaAaM OAHa nellIeXOAHa51 Tpona, - npHH5IB 06AI1K
6opoAaToro TH6eTcKoro AaMbI, norPY)KeHHbIM B OKKYAbTHOe
C03epIJ;aHHe H B CBOIO MHCTHqecKyro )KHBOnHCb, 6e3BbIe3A-
HO np0)KHA PepHx OKOAO TpHAIJ;aTH AeT. TaM, 3a6bITbIH MH-
pOM, Ha ceMbAeC5IT BTOpOM rOAY )KH3HH, H YMep OT 3aT5I)K-
HOM 60Ae3HH...
KaKa51 Heo6bIqHa51 CYAb6a... KaK Bce 3TO nOH5ITb? OTKYAa
3TOT no-aMepHKaHCKH CTpeMHTeAbHbIM B3AeT Pepl1xa 11 e e
60Aee CTpeMHTeAbHbIH CpbIB B HHqTO)KeCTBO? »
3apyqHBllIHCb nOMep)KKOM yqeHbIx I1HAHH, AMepHKH H
EBponbI, PepHx 29 HIOA5I 1928 rOAa, HaXOA51Cb B CHKKHMe,
3aAO)KHA OCHO bI M5I C03AaHH5I rHMaAaMCKOro HHCTI1T)'Ta
HayqHbIx HccAeAoBaHHM, Ha3BaHHoro «YPycBaTH», qTO B ne-
peBoAe 3HaqHT «CBeT yrpeHHeM 3Be3AbI».
OAHaKo BCKope HI1KOAaM KOHCTaHTHHOBHq 3aAYMaA
yexaTb H3 CHKKHMa. OH XOTeA nOCeTI1Tb AOAHHY KYAY -
-327-
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KOAbI6eAb naMHTHHKOB KYAbTypbI 60Aee qeM ABYXTbICH-
qeAeTHeH AaBHOCTH. B apXeOAOrHqeCKOM, HCTOpHqeCKOM,
cpHAOAOrHqeCKOM, a TaK)Ke 60TaHHqeCKOM H reOAOrHqe-
CKOM OTHOllIeHHHX BeCb ceBepHbIH neHA)Ka6 C 3anaAHOH
qaCTblO rHMaAaHCKoro xpe6Ta 6bIA HeHCTOlI.\HMbIM KAaAe-
3eM MaTepHaAOB Al\5I HHcTHTyra «YPYCBaTH», H HHKOAaH
KOHCTaHTHHOBHq pelliHA nepeexaTb HMeHHO CIOAa.
Yepe3 HeCKOAbKO MeC5In;eB nOCAe nepeCeAeHH5I B KYAY
HHKOAaH KOHCTaHTHHOBHq H lOpHH HHKOAaeBHq yeXaAM
no AeAaM B EBpony H AMepHKY. /1.MI pa3BHTH5I Ae5lTeAbHO-
CTH HOBoro HHCTHT)'Ta He06xOAHMO 6bIAO HaA{lAHTb 60Aee
TeCHbIe CB5I3H C HeKOTopbIMH HayqHbIMH yqpe>KAeHH5IMH 3a-
n{lAHbIX CTpaH.
B nepHOAHKe H KHH)KHbIX HCTOqHHKaX 3apy6e)Kb51 MO)K-
HO npOqeCTb H 0 AYXOBHbIX KOHTaKTax Me>KAY npeACTaBH-
TeJUlMH PYCCKOH npaBOCAaBHOH Tp{lAHn;HH H HHAHHCKHMH
xpHCTHaHaMH. AYXOBeHCTBO PYCCKOH npaBOCAaBHOH n;epK-
BH 3arpaHHn;eH (pn 3) npeAnpHHHMaAO nonbITKH pa3Bep-
Hyrb B I1HAHH xpHCTHaHCKYIO MHCCHIO C n;eAbIO nOHCKa ny-
TeH K eAHHCTBY C npeACTaBHTeJUlMH ApeBHeHIlIHX MeCTHbIX
n;epKOBHbIX 06lI.\HH, BeAym;Hx CBoe npOHCXO>KAeHHe OT ano-
CTOAa <DOMbI. I1HAHHcKHe xpHcTHaHe, 06'beAHHeHHbIe B Ma-
Aa6apcKYIO H MaAaHKapcKYIO n;epKBH H np0)KHBalOlI.\He B
60AbllIHHCTBe CBoeM B IlITaTe KepaAa, BcerAa C HHTepecoM
OTHOCHAHCb K PYCCKOMY npaBocAaBHIO.
C 1935-ro no 1936 rOA B IlITaTe KepaAa Ha MHccHoHep-
CKOM nonpHlI.\e TPYAHAC5I HepoMoHax HacpaHaHA (J\bBOB).
B 1936 rOAY OH 6bIA YAocToeH caHa apxHMaHAPHTa, a C
1937-ro no 1939 rOA pa60TaA HaqaAbHHKOM npaBocAaB-
HOH MHCCHH Ha eHAoHe. n03BOAIO HeCKOAbKO CAOB 06
3TOM He06bIqHOM, MHoro nOBHAaBllIeM Ha CBoeM BeKY qe-
AOBeKe, 3HaTOKe eBponeHcKHx 513bIKOB H 3pYAHTe. POAHA-
C5I OH B 1906 rOAY B cTapHHHoH ceMbe KH5I3eH J\bBOBbIX.
Ero OTeu; - BAaAHMHp HHKOAaeBHq J\bBOB-BTOPOH, Kpyn-
HbIH nOMelI.\HK CaMapcKoH ry6epHHH, AenyraT IV rOcYAap-
cTBeHHoH AYMbI, npeAnocAeAHHH 06ep-npoKYPoP CB5ITeH-
llIero CHHoAa npH BpeMeHHoM npaBHTeAbcTBe, npHHHMaA
yqacTHe B KOpHHAOBCKOM M5ITe)Ke. B 3MHrpan;HH np0)KH-
BaA B EepAHHe, nOTOM BepHYAC5I Ha POAHHY H OKOHqHA
AHI1 CBOI1 B T060AbCKOH CCbIAKe. CaM HacpaHaHA {B MHPY
- 329-
H.H. HerrOMHHID:Ji1M
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CBRw,eHHUK HOaHH WaXOBCKOU
ero 3BaAH BaCI1Al1eM), orraCa5ICb KOMMYHI1CTl1qeCKOM BAa-
CTI1, 3MI1rpl1pOBaA B KI1TaM. TaM B 1929 rOAY OH rrpl1H5IA MO-
HarneCTBO, TPYAI1AC5I 3aKoHoyql1TeAeM B AeTCKOM rrpl1IOTe
rrpl1 AOMe MI1AOCepAI15I B Xap6l1He, a 3aTeM 6bIA HarrpaBAeH
B HHAI1IO. J\.bBOB rrp05IBI1A ce65I KaK I1HTepecHbIl1 AYXOBHbIl1
rrl1CaTeAb 11 TaAaHTAHBbIl1 rr03T. B 1946 rOAY OH CTaA errl1-
CKorrOM B EpIOcceAe, a C 1951 rOAa CAY>KI1A B CeBepHoM Acp-
pl1Ke. TaM OH CTaA I1HI1IJ;l1aTopoM rrOCTpOMKI1 BOCKpeceH-
CKoro co6opa B TYHl1ce.
CB5Irn;eHHI1K l10aHH lllaxoBcKoM, 6YAyrn;I1M apXHerrl1-
CKorr TOM qaCTI1 PYCCKOM rrpaBoCAaBHoM 3Ml1rpaIJ;HI1, KOTO-
pa5I CTaAa OCHOBOM AMepl1KaHCKOM aBToKecpaAbHoM IJ;epK-
BI1, AO rrepee3Aa B ClllA rrpl1HaAAe>KaA K ApXl1errHCKOrrl111
PYCCKI1X rrpaBOc.l\.aBHbIX u;epKBeM B 3arraAHoM EBporre, KO-
-330-
PYCCKaH J1H.II:Ji1H
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TOpyIO c03AaA C u;eHTpOM B flapl1>Ke MHTpOIIOAI1T EBAOrl1H
(reOprHeBCKHH). Pa60TaH B OAHOM H3 IIPI1XOAOB B 3aIIaA-
HOM repMaHHl1, OTeu; l10aHH B COTpYAHl1qeCTBe C MIOHXeH-
CKI1M H3AaTeAbCTBOM «MI1AOCepAHbIH CaMap5IHHH» BbIIIY-
CTI1A HeCKOAbKO 6pOllIlOp. B 3TOM >Ke 113AaTeAbCTBe BbIllIAa
KHl1ra «)K113Hb BO XpHCTe: 3aIIHCI111HAI1MCKOrO MHCCI10He-
pa». Ha AOCryIIHOM HaM 3K3eMIIA5Ipe KHl1rl1 I1MeeTC5I Aap-
CTBeHHa5I HaAIIHCb H aBTorpacp: «AoCToqTHMOH H AoporOM
M. Cepacpl1Me B AeHb e5I AHreAa; B 3TOH KHHre CTOAbKO IIpe-
KpaCHbIX, PYKOBOA5Irn;HX MbICAeH M5I HallIeM 06rn;eH pa60-
TbI». flOAIIHCb IIpI1HaAAe>KHT A.H. TeOAOpOBHq, YKa3aHa
AaTa - «l.VIII 1947 r.» KHl1ra 6bIAa IIoAapeHa MOHaXHHe
CepacpHMe MeAeTbeBoM, KOTOpa5I BMeCTe co CBOHM 6pa-
TOM, IIpaBOCAaBHbIM eIIHCKOIIOM flaBAOM, CAY>KHBllIHM Ha
OKKYIIHpOBaHHOH Teppl1TOpHI1 EeAopYCCl1l1, IIepeA HaCTY-
IIaBllIl1MH BOHCKaMI1 COBeTCKOM apMl111 6e>KaAa C HeMeU;KO-
cpallIl1CTCKHMI1 qaCT5IMI1 Ha 3aIIaA B KOHIJ;e BeAI1KOH OTeqe-
CTBeHHOM BOHHbI.
06 I1HAHI1 IIHCaAM ern;e 6bIBllIHe BoeHHbIe IIepBoM BOAHbI
3MHrpaIJ;HI1. TaK, B.A. Xa6apoB, YllIeAllIl1M B COCTaBe Ka3a-
qbeH AHBI13HH qepe3 KaBKa3 B flepcHIO, B 1930 rOAY oIIy6AH-
KOBaA B EeArpaAe KHl1ry CBOI1X BOCIIOMI1HaHHH, Ha3BaB ee
«3aBoeBaHHe l1HAI1I1: 3aIIHcKH PyccKoro 6e>KeHu;a». EYAY-
qH B 1920-x rOAax B aHrAHMcKoM Aarepe B flepcl1l1, OH OKa-
3aAC5I IIepeA yrp030M pa3AeAHTb yqacTb PYCCKI1X 6e>KeHu;eB
H 6bITb oTIIpaBAeHHbIM aHrAl1qaHaMI1 BO BAaAI1BOCTOK. OA-
HaKO eMY YAaAocb 6e>KaTb 11 IIepe6paTbC5I BMeCTe C ceMbeM B
IIopryraAbCKl1e BAaAeHH5I B l1HAI1I1. KYIIHB 3AeCb 3eMeAbHbIM
yqacToK, Xa6apoB 3aH5IAC5I IIOCTpOHKOH AOMa, paCCqHTbIBa5I
CeAbCKI1M X035IHCTBOM 3apa6aTbIBaTb Ha >K113Hb. B CBOHX 3a-
III1CKaX OH AOCTaTOqHO OIITHMI1CTl1qHO OIII1CbIBaeT MecTHyro
IIPl1poAY, TPYAHOCTH >K113HI1 eBpoIIeHu;a B A>KYHrA5Ix.
CTaTbH PYCCKI1XAIOAeH 06l1HAI1I1 BCTpeqaIOTC5I B pa3AHq-
HbIX IIepHOAl1qeCKI1X H3AaHH5IX. B AI1TeparypHo-IIy6AHU;I1C-
Tl1qeCKOM >KypHaAe PYCCKI1X 3MI1rpaHTOB «B03pO>KAeHl1e»,
KOTOpbIM BbIXOA"A OAI1H pa3 BABe HeAeAI1 B CTOKrOAbMe,
qHTaeM CTaTbIO, IIOArOTOBAeHHYIO HeKI1M PYCCKI1M I1H>KeHe-
pOM, IIOAIII1CaBllII1MC5I HHHU;l1aAaMI1 «<D.M.». OH pa60TaA B
COCTaBe cppaHU;Y3CKOH TeXHHqeCKOH MI1CCHI1, 3aH5ITOH 06-
CAeAOBaHl1eM IIPI1POAHbIX 60raTcTB l1HAI1I1 11 COCTaBAeHl1eM
IIAaHa I1X I1CIIOAb30BaHI15I.
-331-
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B .l\oc-AHA>KeAece
E.H. Ka3aHOBI1'-I Ha CTpa-
HI1IJ;ax «BeCTHI1Ka nepBO-
npOXOARHKa» BCnOMI1HaA
06 HCCAeAOBaHl111 .I\.f. Kop-
HHAOBbIM rryreM 113 POCCI1I1
B HHAI1IO. APyroe 3apy-
6e>KHOe 113AaHHe - «Ho-
BOe PYCCKOe CAOBO», BbI-
XOAHrn;ee B HbIO-MopKe, -
B 1983 rOAY YAeJillAO Ha
CBOI1X CTpaHI1IJ;ax MeCTO
Al\5I I1HcpopMaIJ;HI1 0 KHI1-
re H.K. "4epKacoBa «B HH-
ARH». B 3TOM >Ke H3AaHI111
npl1BOAHTcHBOCnOMI1HaHHH
<D.H. EAHCeeBa - Ka3aKa-
l1rl1Ta, BbIcrynaBllIero B
COCTaBe TeaTpaAbHOH Tpyrr-
/l.r. KOpHUAOB - uccAegoBameAb nbI C KOHIJ;epTaMI1 B xOAe
nymeii U3 POCCUU B HHgulO raCTpOAbHOM noe3AKI1 no
HHAHI1. B nepl10ARKe Pyc-
CKoro 3apy6e>KbH 3TOT aBTop OCTaBHA ern;e HeCKOAbKO MaTepl1-
aAOB, CBH3aHHbIX C HHAHeM. TaK, B >KypHaAe «Ka3aK» OH co06-
rn;HA, qTO BO BpeMH OARoro H3 nepBbIX rypHe Ka3aqbeH TpyrrnbI
B HHAHIO B 1933 rOAY 3AeCb HeO>KMAaHHO >KeHHACH 11 OCTaACH
Ha >KI1TeAbCTBO apTHCT A.n. KPHKAHBbIM. nl111IeT 06 "HAHM-
CKI1X raCTpOMIX <D.H. EAHCeeB 11 B cBoeM KHl1re «Ha KOHe no
6eA Y cBery».
napl1>KCKI1M «BeCTHI1K PyccKoro cTYAeHqeCKOrO Xp"-
CTl1aHCKOro ABI1>KeHI1H» nOMeCTI1A B 1954 rOAY CTaTbIO
MI1XaHAa 3epHoBa «noe3AKa B HHAI1IO». B HeM aBTop onl1-
CbIBaeT CBOIO pa60TY B npOBI1HIJ;1111 TpaBaHKop, pacnoAo-
>KeHHOH Ha caMOM IOre CTpaHbI. B 1953/54 yqe6HOM rOAY
3epHoB 6bIA npl1rAallI€H cIOAa B KaqeCTBe PYKoBoAHTeAH H
npenoAaBaTeAH KO.lV\.eA>Ka, OTKpbIToro nOA nOKpOBI1TeAb-
CTBOM Cl1po-5IKOBI1TCKOM IJ;epKBI1. KO.lV\.eA>K pacnoAaraA-
CH B MeCTe'-IKe naTaHaMTI1Ta, Ha BepIIlI1He BblCOKoro XOA-
Ma, cpeAI1 pl1COBbIX nOAeM 11 KOKOCOBbIX naAbM. ABTOp nl1-
meT: «CpeAI1 3TOM 60raToM paCTI1TeAbHOCTI1 pa36pocaHbI
MaAeHbKl1e XI1>KI1HbI KpecTbHH, BbICTpoeHHble 113 KpaCHOH
-332-
PYCCKa.H J1H.n:J1.H
=
=
rAHHbI H rrOKpbITbIe rraAbMOBbIMH AHCTb5lMH... EOAbIlIHH-
CTBO CTYAeHTOB HallierO KO.lV\.eA>Ka - CbIHOBb51 H AOqepH
OKpeCTHbIX rrOCeMIH... Ka>KAoe yrpo B 10 qaCOB TOArra Be-
ceAoM MOAOAe>KH 3arrOAH5IAa AeKIJ;HOHHbIe 3aAbI H Aa60-
paTopHH KO.lV\.eA>Ka. 113 520 cTYAeHToB 80 6bIAH AeBYIliKH.
Bce cTYAeHTbI XOA5IT 60CHKOM, He paCCTaBa5lCb C qepHbIMH
30HTHKaMH, H HOC5IT KpaCHBYIO 6eAYIO OAe>KAY. OHH rrpl1-
HaAAe>KaT K pa3HbIM KaCTaM, H cpeAH HHX eCTb xpHCTHa-
He, HHAYCbI H MYCYAbMaHe, HO 60AbIIlHHCTBO KaK rrperro-
AaBaTeAeM, TaK H yqarn;HXC5I - '-IAeHbI CHpo-51KOBHTCKOM
IJ;epKBH.. .
florraB B flaTaHaMTHTY rrp5lMO H3 OKccpOPAa, 51 O'-IyrHA-
C5I B HOBOM M5I MeH5I Ml1pe, HO MHe BCKope YAaAOCb HaRTH
KAIOq, KOTOpbIH OTKpbIA MHe ABepb K rrOHI1MaHHIO, H 3THM
KAIOqOM 6bIAO flpaBOCAaBHe.
KaK HH OTAHqHbI 6bIAH rrperrOAaBaTeAH H CTYAeHTbI OT
MeH5I, MbI rrpHHaAAe>KaAH K TOM caMoH IJ;epKOBHO TpaAH-
IJ;HH 11 rroToMY Me>KAY HaMH YCTaHOBHAoCb rroAAHHHoe 3a-
HMHoe AOBepHe. 51 HayqHAc5I AI06HTb H IJ;eHHTb urrpaBO-
cAaBHbIx" I1HAHMIJ;eB H pa36HpaTbC5I B OC06bIX TPYAHOCT5IX
HX rrOAO>KeHH5I. B TeqeHHe BceH cBoeH AOArOH H HeAerKoH
HCTOpHH OHH OCTaBaAHCb MeHbllIHHCTBOM cpeAH TOp>Ke-
CTBYIOrn;ero 513bIqeCTBa, H 3TO HaAO>KHAO OC06bIM OTrreqa-
TOK Ha HX rrCHXOAorHIO...
C caMoro Ha'-IaAa Moero rrpe6bIBaHH5I B l1HAHH 51 rrOH5IA,
'-ITO A0.J\)l{eH OTKa3aTbC5I OT rrpHBbI'-IHbIX YCTaHOBOK H HCKaTb
HOBbIX rryreH rroAXoAa K HHAHHCKOM MOAOAe>KH... l1HAHM-
CKHe CTYAeHTbI O>KHAaIOT OT rrpocpeccopa He rHrrOTe3, a TO'-I-
HbIX H HC'-IeprrbIBaIOrn;HX OTBeTOB Ha Bce BOrrpOCbI. Ka>KAbIM
pa3, KorAa 51 YKa3bIBaA HM Ha ABa HAM TPH B03MO>KHbIX pellIe-
HH5I Borrpoca, OHH BcerAa HaCTaHBaAM, '-IT06bI 51 06'b5lBHA HM,
KOTOpbIM H3 HHX eAHHCTBeHHO rrpaBHAbHbIM.
floAo6Hoe >Ke rrpH3HaHHe aBTopHTeTa CTapllIHx 51 Ha-
IIleA B HX BbI60pe rrpocpeCCHI1. YaCTO 51 CAbIIIlaA OT HHX OT-
BeT: «Moe 6YAyrn;ee B PYKax EO>KHHX H MOHX HaCTaBHHKOB».
OHH Bce >KHAI1 B rraTpHapxaAbHoM aTMoccpepe, rAe cTapllIHM
B pOAe peIIlaA CYAb6bI MA(lAIlIHX, BbI6HpaA M5I HHX >KeHH-
XOB H HeBeCT H HaMe'-IaA M5I HHX rrpocpeccHH. OAHaKo 3TOT
Tp(lAHIJ;HOHHbIM CTpOM l1HAHI1 Y)Ke Ha'-IHHaeT rroABepraTbc5I
AOMKe, Aa>Ke B TaKoR HeTpoHyroM 3arr(lAOM ceAbcKoM MeCT-
HOCTI1, rAe HaXOAHTC5I KO.lV\.eA>K.
-333-
H.H. HerrOMH.HIUJi1M
=
=
OAHOH H3 TaKI1X peBOAIOIJ;HOHHbIX rrepeMeH 6bIAO rrpe-
OAOAeHMe KaCTOBbIX rreperOpOAOK B cpeAe cryAeHqeCTBa.
MOAOAbIe 6paMHHbI YQI1AHCb 11 MrpaMI BMeCTe C CbIHOBb5l-
MH rrapHeB; XpHCTHaHe, I1HAYCbI 11 MarOMeTaHe APYJKI1AH
APyr C APyrOM. 3aTo HerrpeOAOAMMa51 qepTa BCe ern;e OTAeMI-
Aa cryAeHToK OT cryAeHTOB. OHM CI1AeAH Ha oTAeAbHbIX CKa-
MeHKaX H HHKorAa He pa3rOBapHBaAI1 Me>KAY c0601O... 3TOT
3arrpeT 6bIA BbI3BaH CAOJKHOCTblO 6paKa B l1HAI1H. TOAbKO
AHIJ;a, rrpHHClMeJKarn;l1e K TOM JKe KacTe, MOryr BcryrraTb B
cyrrPYJKeCTBo.. .
l1AeaAH3M 11 )KeAaHHe rrOCA YJKI1Tb 06e3AoAeHHbIM 6bIAI1
IIlHpOKO pacrrpocTpaHeHbI cpeAI1 KaK XpI1CTMaH, TaK 11 513bIq-
HHKOB. npMMep raHAH 6bIA Y Bcex Ha YCTax... 3TO 6bIAa
)KI1Ba5l, OT3bIBqHBa51 Ha Bce A06poe MOAOAe)Kb, )Ka>KAyrn;a51
rrpHMeHI1Tb Ha rrOAb3Y APyrl1x CBOH CI1AbI, A06pOAYIIlHa51 11
crroc06Ha51 PClAOBaTbC5I rro rroBoAY caMbIX He3Haql1TeAbHbIX
YAOBOAbCTBHM» .
HeKOTopbIe H3 3MMrpaHTOB TpeTbeM BOAHbI HcrrOAb30-
BaAH l1HAHIO KaK rrpOMeJKyrOqHYIO rrAOrn;(lAKY rrpl1 rr06ere
3a rpaHHIJ;Y. TaKHe CIOJKeTbI MOJKHO 06HaPY)KMTb B PYCCKO-
513bIqHOM AHTeparype, 113AaHHOH 3a Py6e)KOM. TaK, A. COKO-
AeHKO BO BpeM5I TYPHCTMqeCKOH rroe3AKI1 B AeAH o6paTHAC5I
B rrOCOAbCTBO ClIlA C rrpocb6oM 0 rrpeAocTaBAeHHI1 rrOAMTH-
qeCKOrO y6eJKI1rn;a. ApyrOM cAyqaH I1MeA MeCTO C B.r. BaJKa-
HOBbIM, 6bIBIIll1M ceKpeTapeM l1.B. CTaAMHa. nOcAe rrepeBO-
Aa Ha pa60ry B J4K PKn (6) TypKMeHl111 OH HeAeraAbHO rrepe-
IIleA rpaHI1IJ;Y H A06paAc5I AO l1HAHI1, rAe CAaAC5I aHrAI1HCKMM
KOAOHHaAbHbIM BAaCT5IM.
B l1HAHH, KaK 113BeCTHO, JKI1Aa 11 CBeTAaHa AAAHAyeBa B
1967 rOAY. npl1eXaAa OHa CIOAa XOpOHI1Tb CBoero MY)Ka HH-
Ayca. OTCIOAa OHa C yx"rn;peHI51MI oT6bIAa B ClIlA.
(fIo MamepUQAaM B. KOAynaeBa.)
li13BP AHHA5I li1H,1Jli1EJ1
= -
- =
Kor Aa 10- AeTHIOIO HaTallIY YeTbIpKI1HY CrrpallIl1BaAa B
llIKOAe yql1TeAbHHIJ;a AI1TeparypbI 0 AI06HMbIX KHHraX, TO
qarn;e BCerO CAbIllIaAa B OTBeT, qTO 3TO 3HIJ;I1KAOrreAH5I. «YTO
)Ke Te6e TaK I1HTepeCHO B 3HIJ;HKAOrreAI1I1?» - «Bce, qTO rrl1-
llIyr 06 l1HAI1I1». l1 3Ta T5Ira K AaAeKOH CTpaHe He yrHxaAa C
rOAaMI1 - AeBOqKa qHTaAa Bce, '-ITO rrl1CaAl1 06 l1HAI1I1 rryre-
llIeCTBeHHI1KH, HCTOpHKH 11 HOBeAAI1CTbI, HCKaAa H306pa)Ke-
HI151 AIOAeH, rrepepl1COBbIBaAa KOCTIOMbI.
Ee )KH3Hb CAO)KI1AaCb TaK, qTO B 14 AeT OHa CTaAa pa60-
TaTb Ha llIl1HHOM 3aBOAe «KpacHbIl1 TpeyroAbHHK», 11 3AeCb
BAPyr BrrepBbIe orn;yrl1Aa 3arrax l1HA"I, - rrpeKpacHbIH 3a-
rrax cbIporo Kayqyxa, rrpl1CbIAaeMoro HaM H3 3TOH CTpaHbI.
Kpyr 3HaHH5I paCllIHpI1AC5I, AorrOAHHBllIHCb CBeAeHI151MH 0
Ao6bIqe KayqYKa, 0 rrAaHTaIJ;H5IX, 0 )KH3HH Tex, KTO TaM, BAa-
AI1, Ao6bIBaeT 113 AepeBbeB 3TOT T5IryqHH COK.
OKOHql1B XI1Ml1qeCKHH TeXHI1KYM rrpl1 3aBOAe H CTaB Aa-
60paHTKOH, qTO, Ka3aAOCb 6bI, Y)Ke OrrpeAeAHAO )KH3HeHHbIH
rryrb, HaTallIa BAPyr Y3HaAa H3 ra3eT, qTO BrrepBbIe B HallIeH
CTpaHe OTKpbIBaeTC5I rrpl1 cpI1AOAOrl1'-IeCKOM cpaKYAbTeTe J\.e-
HI1Hrp CKOrO YHI1BepCHTeTa OTAeAeHl1e HHAI1HCKI1X 513W-
KOB. Cpa3Y OTKa3aBllII1Cb OT BCerO AOCTl1rHyroro, OHa rrocry-
rrl1Aa B YHI1BepCI1TeT 11 OKOHqHAa ero B 1939 rOAY C KpacHbIM
AHrrAOMOM 11 HarrpaBAeHl1eM B aCrrl1paHryPY.
fl5lTb AeT yqe6bI rrOMOrAH Y3HaTb MHoroe, 0 qeM Me'-ITa-
AOCb, 11 rAaBHoe - caHcKpHT, ApeBHI1H 513bIK l1HAHI1, AI1Te-
parypy H KYAbrypy 3TOH CTpaHbI. 11 YKperrl1AI1 B AYllIe He-
060Pl1MYIO AI060Bb K HapoAY, cYMeBllIeMY C03AaTb TaKl1e
MHoro06pa3HbIe 11 cOBepllIeHHbIe cpOpMbI KYAbrypbI.
B Te HallIH 30-e rOAbI B l1HAI1IO rrorraCTb 6bIAO rrpaK-
TI1'-IeCKI1 HeB03MO)KHO, HO CTpeMAeHl1e He yraCaAo. OHO
He 6bIAO Aa)Ke HapYllIeHO 3aMY)KeCTBOM C I1H)KeHepOM-
11306peTaTeAeM ryceBbIM BA I1MHpOM HI1KOAaeBI1'-IeM 11
pO>KAeHHeM B 1937 rOAY AOqepl1 11 pl1HbI. flOCAe OKOH'-IaHI151
YHI1BepCI1TeTa HaTaAb51 POMaHOBHa ryceBa CTaAa CTa)Kl1-
pOBaTbC5I Af\5I aCrrl1paHrypbI B 3HaMeHI1TOH AeHI1Hrp CKOH
-335-
H.H. HerrOMHHID:Ji1M
=
=
KYHCTKaMepe, H3yqa5I KOAAeKIJ;HH HHAHHCKI1X Bern;eH, 11 BCe
3TO KaK 6bI c6AH>KaAO C HHAl1eH, paCllIl1p5I5I 3HaHI15I 0 HeH.
YAapHAa BOHHa H B3AOMaAa BCe, qeM MbI >KHAH. C 1939-ro
no oceHb 1944 rOAa HaTaAb5I POMaHoBHa >KHAa B 3BaKyaIJ;HI1 B
OepMH, pa60Ta5I Aa60paHTKoH B HHcTI1TYTe MHKp06HOAOrl111,
11 Ae>KypHAa B 3BaKOrOCnI1TaAe. Pa3BoA C MpKeM 11 nepee3A B
MOCKBY 3aBepllIHAC5I B03pO>KAeHl1eM cTpeMAeHI15I K HlfAMl1 -
HaTaAb5I POMaHoBHa 6bIAa npl1H5ITa Ha pa60ry B HHCTI1TYT 3T-
Horpacpl1l1 AH CCCP B KaqeCTBe MAClAlliero HayqHoro COTPYA-
HI1Ka Al\5I IIAaHOBOro 113yqeHI15I HlfAMH. H 3TO CTaAO HaqaAOM
np5IMOrO rryrH B 3ry cTpaHY. npH nOAI'OTOBKe nepBoH AHccep-
TaIJ;1111 cAyqHAaCb BCTpeqa C ocpl1IJ;epOM-I1HAOAOrOM, 3HaTO-
KOM 5I3bIKa XHlfAM, 11 B03HI1KAa HOBa5I CeMb5I: B 1946 rOAY OHa
BbIllIAa 3aMY>K 3a CB5ITOCAaBa HrOpeBl1qa OOTa6eHKO. Haqa-
AHCb 06rn;He nOI1CKH B 6H6AHOTeKax, B KHI1>KHbIX Mara311Hax H
Y APY3eH - HCKaAH Bce AOCTyIIHoe 0 HapOAe HlfAMH, 0 HpaBax,
06bIqa5IX, 060 BceM, '-ITO Ha3bIBaeTC5I >K113HeHHbIM 6bITOM.
CTapa5ICb AaBaTb HallIl1M AIOA5IM Bce, qTO MorAO 3HaKO-
MHTb I1X C HHAHeH, HaTaAb5I POMaHoBHa HanHCaAa (lAanTH-
pOBaHHbIe nepecKa3bI BeAHKI1X 3nl1qeCKHX n03M «Maxa6-
xapaTbI» 11 «PaMa5IHbI» B cpopMe np03al1'-IeCKI1X nOBecTeH co
CTI1XOTBOpHbIMH n05ICHeHI15IMI1 K TeKCTaM. OHI1 HallIAH llIl1-
pOKHH OTKAMK H ABa>KAbI 6bIAH nepel13AaHbI 100-TbIC5IqHbIMI1
Tl1pa>KaMI1. BbIllIAH 11 KHHrH «MHOrOAHKa5I HHAI15I», «HHAI15I:
TbIC5IqeAeTH5I H cOBpeMeHHOCTb», KOTopbIe 6bIAH 113AaHbI 11 B
repMaHl1l1, 113 qero CTaHOBI1TC5I 5ICHO, qTO 11 TaM '-II1TaTeAeH,
Bep05ITHO, npHBAeKaIOT paCCKa3bI 0 >K113HeHHOM YKA(lAe AIQ-
AeH 3TOH AaAeKOH H MaA0l13BeCTHOH CTpaHbI. Y cneXOM nOAb-
30BaAaCb 11 KHl1ra OqepKOB 0 xYA0>KeCTBeHHbIX peMeCAax
HHAHH, KpaCOTa 11 H35Irn;eCTBO KOTOpbIX npl1BAeKaAM Bcex
nOKynaTeAeH Ha peAKO npOBOAI1BllIHXC5I paCnpOAa>Kax.
HHTepec Harnero HapOAa K HHAI1I1 pa3paCTaAC5I C Ka>K-
AbIM AHeM Hero oc06eHHO nOAOrpeBaAH ocpl1IJ;l1aAbHbIe AaH-
HbIe 0 n06eAe 3TOH BeAI1KOH CTpaHbI H(lA KOAOHl1aAbHbIM
rHeTOM, 0 ee nOAHOM OCB060>KAeHI1I1 B 1947 rOAY.
B 1950-x rOAax B HallIeH cTpaHe MaCCOBO pa3pOCC5I I1HTe-
pec KO BceMY, '-ITO CB5I3aHO C >K113HbIO H KYAbrypOH HHAI1I1,
11 BcecoI03Hoe 06rn;ecTBo «3HaHl1e» BbIHY>KAeHO 6bIAO YAO-
BAeTBOp5ITb MHO>KeCTBO npocb6 0 npl1CbIAKe AeKTopoB. HH-
AOAorOB B cTpaHe 6bIAO ern;e HeMHoro, 11 oc06eHHO He XBa-
TaAO CneIJ;l1aAHCTOB no KYAbrype. OOAyqHAOCb TaK, '-ITO OT
- 336-
PYCCKa.H J1H.n:J1.H
=
=
3Toro 06rn;eCTBa ryceBoM AOBeAOCb B TeqeHl1e rrOqTH BCeX
1950-x rOAOB qaCTO BbIe3>KaTb C AeKU;I15IMI1 He TOAbKO rro
POCCHH, HO 11 B APyrl1e HallIH pecrry6AHKI1. 11 BCIOAY AeKTO-
pOB BCTpeqaAll C >KHBbIM I1HTepeCOM H 3aCbIrraAll 6eC'-IHC-
AeHHbIMI1 BorrpocaMH.
HaTaAb5I POMaHOBHa OKOHqHAa aCrrl1paHT)'PY B MOCKOB-
CKOM HHCTI1T)'Te 3THorpacpl111 11M. H.H. MI1KAyxo-MaKAa5I,
3arn;I1TI1Aa AHccepTaU;I1IO Ha COI1CKaHl1e yqeHoM CTerreHI1
KaHAHAaTa I1CTOpHqeCKI1X Hayx (1952), 3aTeM AOKTOPCKYIO
(1978). CB5ITOCAaB l1ropeBl1q TO>Ke 3arn;I1TI1A AI1CCepTaU;I1IO
Ha COI1CKaHHe yqeHoH CTerreHH KaHAHAaTa I1CTOpl1'-IeCKI1X
Hayx, pa60TaeT B l1HcTI1T)'Te BOCTOKOBeAeHH5I P AH.
HaTaAbIO POMaHoBHY BAeKAa l1HA"5I, 3Ta He06bIqHa5I
cTpaHa, KOTOpyro Ha3bIBaIOT H «cTpaHoH qYAec», H «MY3eeM
rrOA OTKpbITbIM He60M»; BAeKAI1 6eccMepTHbIe TBOpeHH5I qe-
AOBeqeCTBa - BeAI1KHe 3rrl1qeCKHe rr03MbI «Maxa6xapaTa»
11 «PaMa5IHa», c03AaHHbIe MHOrl1MI1 rrOKOAeHI15IMI1 HapoA-
HbIX cKa3HTeAeM HaqHHa5I C III-II TbIC. AO H. 3., rrOBeCTByro-
rn;l1e 0 60pb6e A06AeCTHbIX repoeB co 3AOM, HecrrpaBeMH:so-
CTbIO, )'BAeKaAl1 CKa3aHH5I 0 60rax, rrOMoraIOrn;HX 60pu;aM.
flepBbIH BH3HT HaTaAbl1 POMaHOBHbI B l1HAHIO COCT05IAC5I
B 1960 rOAY rro rrpl1rAaIIIeHHIO I1HAI1MCKOrO rrpaBI1TeAbcTBa.
flpl1qHHOM TaKoro C06bITI15I 6bIAO TO, qTO, CTpeM5ICb rr03Ha-
KOMI1Tb HaIIII1X AIOAeM C 60raTCTBOM I1HAI1HCKOH KYAbT)'PbI,
OHa Aep3HYAa Harrl1CaTb rrbecy Ha TeMY BeAI1KOM 3rrl1qeCKOH
rr03MbI «PaMa5IHa», 11 3ry rrbecy rrOCTaBI1A B MOCKBe B !4eH-
TpaAbHOM AeTCKOM TeaTpe 113BeCTHbIM pe>Kl1ccep B.C. KOAe-
caeB. Becb KOAAeKTI1B TeaTpa BAO>KI1A B CBOIO pa60ry CTOAb-
KO AI06BH 11 CTapaHI15I 11 TaK 6AeCT5Irn;e rrOArOTOBHA crreK-
TaKAh, '-ITO ero CTaA cOrrpOBO>KAaTb 60AbIIIOM ycrrex, 11 3aA
3arrOAH5IAI1 He TOAbKO IOHbIe 3p11TeAI1, HO 11 MHOrl1e qAeHbI
Al1rrKoprryca I1I1HocTpaHHbIx 3eMA5I'-IeCTB. 3a 3ry rrOCTaHOB-
KY H.P. ryceBoM 6bIAa rrpl1cY>KAeHa Me>KAYHapOAHa5I rrpe-
MI15I 11M. Ax<aBaxapAaAa Hepy, a C TeqeHl1eM BpeMeHI1 BeCb
KOAAeKTI1B TeaTpa CTaA AaypeaToM 3TOM rrpeMHI1 11 ABa>KAbI
BbIe3>KaA B l1HAI1IO, C ycrrexoM BbIcryrra5I B KpyrrHbIx ropo-
Aax cTpaHbI.
3TI1 KpaTKOCpO'-IHbIe rrOCern;eHI15I I1HAI1I1 Y>Ke AaBaAH I1C-
CAeAOBaTeAbHHu;e HY>KHbIM >KI1BOM MaTepl1aA Af\5I CTaTeM H
KHl1r 0 >K113HI1I1HAHMu;eB, HO ropa3Ao IIIHpe OHa CMorAa I1H-
cpOpMl1pOBaTb 0 HeM HaIIII1X '-II1TaTeAeM rrOCAe TpeXAeTHeM
-337-
H.H. HerrOMH.HII.{MJ1:
=
=
pa60TbI B CTpaHe: C.H. flOTa6eHKO 6bIA B 1961 rOAY Ha3Ha-
qeH AHpeKTopoM AOMa cOBeTcKoH KYAbT)'PbI B AeAH, 11 AO
KOHIJ;a 1963 rOAa HaTaAb51 POMaHoBHa pa60TaAa TaM B Kaqe-
CTBe MeTOAHCTa rro PYCCKOMY 513bIKY. 3TH 06513aHHOCTH AaAM
eH B03MO)K.HOCTb paCIlIHpHTb CB5I3H C rrpeACTaBHTeMIMI1 pa3-
HbIX KpyrOB HHAHHCKoro 06rn;eCTBa, rrocern;aTb He TOAbKO ro-
pOAa, HO H ceAa H pa3HbIe KYAbT)'PHbIe IJ;eHTpbI, 6bIBaTb Ha
KOHcpepeHIJ;H5IX, H3yqaTb HCKYCCTBO, 6bIT, 06bIqaH, KaCTO-
BbIe 3aKOHbI, peAl1TH03HbIe pHryaAbI H T. A.
BrrocAeAcTBHI1 ern;e HeoAHoKpaTHo OHa 6bIBaAa B 3TOH
6eCKOHe'-IHO rrpHBAeKaTeAbHOH CTpaHe. OHa Ha6AIOAaAa H
H3yqaAa pa3HbIe CTOpOHbI )K.113HI1 MHOrOHaIJ;HOHaAbHOrO HH-
AHHCKoro HapOAa, ero HCTOpHIO H xpaHHMoe HM KYAbT)'PHoe
HaCAeAl1e AaAeKHX rrpeAKOB, qTO rrpHBeAO K H3AaHHIO HOBbIX
KHHr 06 HHAHH - p5lAa rrorrYMIpHbIX H HayqHbIx MOHorpa-
cpHH. EIO orry6AHKOBaHO OKOAO 160 HayqHbIx pa60T. B KHH-
re «HHAH5I: TbIC5IqeAeTH5I H cOBpeMeHHOCTb» HaTaAb51 POMa-
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