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INSTITUTE OF lEGISLATION AND COMPARATIVE LAW UNDER THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION GOVERNMENT D.O. Sivakov lEGAL FPAMEVVOR< OF USE OF WA 1m FffiJUR::ES SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL GUIDE MOSCOW Jo"""""", 2010 
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CONTENTS INTRODUCTION....................................................... .3 Chapter 1 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LEGAL REGIME OF INVENTORY OF WATER RESOURCES 1 Waterllldustry;poliCYi!f1dlaw ........................................5 2 Ownershlpol water obJects and the processol their use. .. .14 3 Contractual and Ilcensll1g control mechanism of use of water resolI"CeS .......23 Chapter 2 DIFFERENT TYPES OF USE OF WATER RESOURCES 1 Classification 01 use 01 water objects and the most priority type 01 useolwater I'eSCU'CeS ...__....___....___....__....____...... ...40 2 DUmplllg 01 sewage and drail1 waters: pecufiaritles 01 legal control andprospectsolltsdevelopment...................................._42 3 Legalmattersolbuildmganduseolwaterworks andwaterslorages .___....___....__....___....____...___...____...45 4 Use of water objects to the alms 01 energetics, transport,raltlng ..... .............................................54 5 Use of water obJects to the other purpeses ..... ....... ....... ...... ....59 Chapter 3 LEGAL PROTECTION OF WATER AND LIABILITY FOR ITS VIOLATION 1 General matters 01 protection 01 water . ...._.......... ......... ...69 2 Special matters of prolectlon 01 water __.... ____... ____.. ____... ____.. .16 3 Legal liability for violation of water legislation ...........................85 Chapter 4 PUBLIC MANAGEMENT IN THE RANGE OF WATER INDUSTRY (LEGALASPECT) 1 General d1aractenstics 01 management 01 use and protectIOn 01 water. . . . . . . .93 2 Moniloring,reglstratlon,controlintherangeofuse and protection 01 water _....__....___....___....__....___...... ...99 3 Peculiarities 01 management 01 use and protection 01 small fiVerS, city and suburban water ...........................................108 4 PrOject model 01 development 01 water Illdustry in RussIa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113 LITERATURE........................................................ .121 -125- 
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