384 CoOepcaue
13.5. CXeMt yCTpOICTB peneiHofi 3aIlHTbl H aBTOMaTHKH Ha he-
350
peMeHHOM orIepaTHBHOM TOK . • 
136 OCOHHOCTH HaaKKH yCTpOfiCTB 3X Ha HepeMeHHOM
onepaTunHOM ToKe ........ 353
Hpunoenue 1. OSo3HaqeHH eMeHTOB 9eKTpHqKHX CXeM,
H2TMe  KHHre ..............
flpuoenue 2. CneKa ua npncTaKy H-77-1 K BA-85 371
Hpuoenue 3. Hoaue pete (ycTpoficvea); nx gpaTKa xapagTepn-
372
CTHKa
Cnnco nTepaTypb ............ 377
378
HpeMeVHUfi yaaaTeb ............
CnpanoqHoe HaaHHe
AuTmmuH AHaOUfi AHpeeauq, FoM6epr AeKCaHp E{HMOBHq,
Kapaae BaHM HeTponuq, KOqKO AeKce AeKceeuq,
KoecHHKOB eOHHK eKopouq, upysH HXaH HxafiOBHq
CHPABOqHHK
no HaaRKe BTOpHqHX aenefl
aeKTpOCTaHnfi n nORCTaHHHfl
PeAaTop HaarebC . . 0anoa
XyoecTBeHHUfi peavop B. A. roaar-Xoaa
TexHuqecggfi peAagwop O. . Kysnegoa
Koppegwop H. A. BooOea
HB R 938
" Cao a a6op-05.07.88. Honncano a neqawb 14.03.89. T-09223. Oopav
84X108x/a. Byara wnorpacKaa R 2. Fapnwypa nwepawypaa. Heqavb
acoaa. Yc. neq. a. 20,16. Yca. gp.-oTw. 20,16. Y.-na. a. 26,39. Tpa
55 0 aa. 3aaa  131. Hena l p. 60 .
neproaToMH3HaT, 113114, MOCKBa, M-114, IIDlm3oBaa Ha6., 10
BaHHMHpCKaa Tltiorpaqbnfl CoIoatioHrpaqbtlpOMa npH FOCKOMH3HaTe CCCP
600000. r. B.aHHMHp, OKTI6pbCKHI IlpOCllegT, ,. 7

BBK 31.277.1
C 74
ҐK 621.316.9.001.41.(035.5)
Pev(eH3enT B. B. BaamoB
A B T O p : A. A. Aarmman, A. E. rou6epr, B. H. KapaBaeB,
A. A. Kaoaon, JI, . Koaecnaon, . . pyMn.
C74
CnpaBoqHnK no naaaKe BTOptlqHblX uenefi a3leKT-
pOCTaHKHfi H nORCTaHKHfi/A. A. AHTmHH, A. E. FOM-
6epr, B. H. Kapasaes  p.; o pe. . C. Mycaaaa-
Ha.  2-e 3., nepepa6.  2on.  M.: neproaToMHa-
aT, 1989.  384 C.:
ISBN 5-283-01102-X
pHBoflTCfl CBeeHH no npoBepe, naaKe, HCnTaHna
H BKaqeHH B pa6oTy ycTpofiCTn peaefiHOfi SaHTbl. Hepnoe
u3aHUe cnpaBOqUKa Bumo B 1979 r. Bo BTOpOM naAannn Ma-
Tepua 3HaqTebHO O6HoBeH  pacmupeH 3a cq nOBbx yCT-
pOCTB, n TOM qnce c noynpOaOnKOablM pe.
a uumeepon, Texuoa
MOHTepOB MOHTaHbIX H HaflOqHbIX opraHn3a; MOmeV 6bTb
noeaeu npoeTUpOBmUaM, acnyaTauuooMy nepconay.
2302040000-413
C 165-88
051(01)-89
ISBN 5-283-01102-X
BBK 31.277.1
 :eproaroMaaar, 1979
)tteproaToMnajlaT, 1989,
c MeHeHaaMa
HpeacosHe
PaSBHTIIe nepreTngn, nUtIOaIIeHHe MactIIra6nuX 3aaq
nepTqecgofi nporpaMMb B XII nTHeTge conpoBoaevc pOCTO
eHHHqHbIX MOHOCT Hepro6OKOB flTOMHX H TeH$OBX $eKTpOCTaH-
  nOBblmeneM pa6oqero HanpflmenH CHCTMHX ZHHH aeKTpOne-
peaqH (H). Ena nepreTqecKa CCTeMa CCCP (EC CCCP)
npoomaeT pa3BItBaTbў  B nepcneTBe o6eT Bce cyecwBye
H CTpOflnec $fleKTpOCTaHKHff CTpaH. Bce 6obmee pa3BHTHe noyqaDT
gH 750--1150 KB.
BaHIe B OTBeTCTBetlHble 3aaqH B pa3BHTHH HepFeTHKH, ffOBeHHH
HaAeHOCTH pa6oTbI aHeprocHCTeM pemaev peneHa 3aHwa. OHa ffOCTO-
HHO conepmeHCTByeTc H wpe6yeT ffpoBeeHHH KaqeCTBeHHbIX ffpoBepog
np HanaoqHuX pa60Tax. KaK  epBoe a3ae, BbmyeHoe B 1979 r.,
HaCTOH cnpaBoqHHK ffpeCWaBaeT c06o ffpaKTHqecKoe nOCO6He frO ffpo-
epKe, HanaKe, ffCffbITaHHM yCTpOCTB peneHofi 3aHWbI H aaeKTpOaB-
TOMaTHKH, a waKe .qeMeHWOB BTopHqHbIX aeefi ynpaBneH aaeKwpo-
o6opyoBaHH aaeKTpOCTaHKH H ffOCTaHH. B cnpaBoqffHKe ffpHBOTC
HeO6XOHMbe cBeeHff fro o6eMaM, HopMaM, ffporpaMMaM, a vague Me-
TO,aM npoBepK a HCffbITaHH OCHOBHblX ycwpofiCWB ff peae 3affTbI.
OSeM a HoMeHKaaTypa pa6ow, OnHCbIBaeMbIX B cffpaBOqHHge, COOT-
BeTCTBymT Tpe6oBaHHM Y, 3aBOCKHX H aKCnayawaHoHHbIX HHcTpyK-
H3 BTOpOFO H3aHH eHpaDoHHKa HCKeHbI OHHCaHH ycTapeBero
peefiHoro OOpyoBaHH, a TaKEe pa3ebI, B KOTOpblX pacCMaTpHBaHCb
BOHpOCbI HaaKH OeCTaHHOHHOfi (OeHOCTaHHOHHOfi) aBTOMaTHKH
H BbleOKOaCTOTHX KaHaoB 3HT. TH BoHpoc HpeHoaraeTc OCBe-
THTb B HOCeyHX CHeHabHblX H3aHHX TOfi e cepHH cHpaBOHH-
gOB. BMeCTO HCKeHHblX B aHHblfi cHpaB0HHK BBeeH HOBblfi pa3e
Ho yCTpOfiCTBaM peefiHOfi 3aHTbI MOHblX
 HaCTOeM H3aHHH HpHMeHeHbI yKBeHHble Oo3HaeHH eMeH-
TOB CXeM B COOTBeTCTBH C papaoTKaMH poeKTHbX HHCTHTyTOD
Hepro CCCP, BHOHeHHblX HO FOCT 2.7]081. Taa coyeMux
OO3HaeHHfi HpHBeeHa B HpHoEeHH 1. OCKObKy B 3aBocKOfi
MeHTaHH BCTpeaTC O03HaeHH, He COOTBeTCTByHe HOBOMy FOCT,
1'

4 flpeOucoue
AeTopt
PaaOe nepsbfl
AHilAPATYPA, OCOBEHHOCTI'I I'I3MEPEHI'II;i
14 IIPOBEPOK llP14 HAJIAKE YCTPOFICTB
PEJIEFIHOFI 3AIRHTbl
1.1. Oprannaauna pafoT

6 Annapagp oco6eocu u3epeu Pa3R. 1
§ 1.1 Opeausagu pa6o 7
ўOOTBeTCTBHe BblHOaHeHHfl BHemero MOHTaa npHHHnHabHblM H MOH-
TamHM CXeMaM, nOKaqHBaHHeM H noeprHBaHHeM nHHeTOM 3a npOBO
OHTpOapyeTca iaAemHOCTb HaeK, nOTaraBaTCa Bce KOHTaKTHe CO-
eAHneHHa Ha pAax 3amaiOB H y annapaToB. poBepKy npaBnbHOCTH
MOHTa)Ka Ha cepHfiHbIX THnOBb]X HaHenax, KaK npaBaO, He npOH3BOAaT.
pH BHyTpeHHeM OCMOTpe H HpoBepKe iexaHHqecKofi qaCTH annapaTy-
p HpoBepaT OTCyTCTBHe BHAHMX HoBpemeHHfi, HaAemHOCTb 60TOBMX
coeaeafi a aaeK, COCTOHHe KoHTaKTHbIX noBepxocTefi. Bo3eficTBya
pyKOfi Ha pete, noBepamT xo, nepeiemeHe H OTCCTBe 3aTpaHfi
nOBHmHbiX qacTea, aaqne peraMeaTpyeibIX TOB, 3a3opOB, Hpo-
rH6OB, npoBaOB H T..
HpeBapaTeanaa npoepa conpoTnaeaaa noaann nponorca
 KOHTpOa conpoTnnaenas n3OflaHH OTeabaMx y3Oa HaaHBaeMoro
npucoennennn (nyabToa, nanqefi, KOnTponmx Ka6enefi, BTOpHqHUX
06MOTOK TpacopMaTOpOB TOKa  nanpennn  T..) nepe noaqefi
na nx CnUTaTebnoro anpnmenn OT npoaepoqbtx yCTpOfiCTB. HaMe-
peHne nponaBOnT MeraouuexpoM na 102500 B Memay OTaeanMn
rpynnaMn eKTpnqecKn ne caflaannbx uenefi (TOKa, nanpnennn, one-
paTnBoro TOKa, cnraanaauna u T.a.) OTOCnTebnO 3eMan  Memay
co6ofi. an o6ecneqenH noBmennofi naaenocTn npoBepeTcn COnpOTnB-
Heine naoaunn Memay naaMn Ka6ean raaoBofi aamnv  Mey mna-
Mn KaZan OT TpacopMaTOpOa nanpnenn ao mKaa, rae ycTanoBe-
Hu 3amHTnUe aeMenTu--aBTOMaTnqecKne BbK,qaTean nan npeaoxpa-
tmTen. AnnapaTypa, ne paccqnTanan na nCnmTaTenoe nanpmenne
1000 B (anpnMep, MarnToaeKTpnqecKue  noapnaoaaunue peae),
ncmnaeTcn npn npoBepKax n3 CXeM n ncnTaaeTc B COOTaeTCTBnn
C aasoacnMn nopMaMn. evonKa n3Mepennfi npn npoaepKe onncana
 [21.
poaepa aaeKTpnx xapaepucxn n uacxpaa aaRanux pa-
6aqux ycxauoao nponaaou a cooraevCTBnn c Taananun npaa
TexnnqecKoro oynBaann, eficTaymmnx nUcVpyKR, a TOU qae
 aaaocgnx, afl aauoro KopeuOrO vnna ycwpoficva.
Ocoe BnuManue yaeann ncnoaoaann peoeyeuofi
'aTenbOfi annapaTyp n HCTOqnKOB ee nnTann, BU6Opy cxe npoaep.
IITonnfi onepavaau vO noaen co CTpOrnM coaeneM noap-
nocvu. Pa6oTa no apoBepe aaerpuecgnx xapapua aaaepmafl
aacrpofgofi aaAannux ycvaao, no OKOnqanuu opo npouaaOT cpgy
acex BTOpnqHX uene aunom npnnnenu nogameuneu ua -
6en ua paax aanMo, aa naenM aenefi CBa C ycvpocvaaMn,
uaxomnMncn a pa.
flaeaae n ucnuTane aaaa npoaoan a nnb co6-
paanofi cxeMe npu yaaonax u aagpuTuX gOyX, KpUX, e,
ttene. eKTpnqeCKafl npoqnTb H30aHH HCHTblBfleTCfl
1 B epeuemtoro Toga a enne l uu oruuObuo mau. o
H oce oAaqn epeueauo ucautauoro uaapameuna ueraoume-
pOM 10--25 B auepar conpoTuaene aoaaan TyeMX uene.
aeMenT a uenn c paquM aanpameaaeM  B a nae npa
npoaepgax ncgaqavca. Meoaa aaueaa a ncnўan onacaaa
a [21.
Bpoaepga aaanaoeficana aaeaeaўon yc,cr. Hpa nanpamennn
onepaaano oga, paanou 0,8 Uaoa, npoaepaeTcn npaBnabnb Baan-
MoefiCTBHfl pete 3alIIHTM, eKTpOaBTOMaTHKH, ynpaBeHH H CHrHaH-
3aHH. HpoBepKa B3aHMOeCTBHfl poH3BOHTCa B COOTBeTCTBHH C HpHH-
HHHaBHO CXeMO, 3aMRKaHHeM n pa3MMKaHHeM BpyqHy enefi KOH-
TaKTOB pete, pH 3TOM npoBepeTc OTCyTCTBHe O6XOHMX
HpaBHbHOCTb paoTM CXeM npH epeKqeHHH HaKaoK, pyHbHHKOB,
HCflTaTebHMX OKOB H T.. Ha pflax 3amHMOB nponepeMOrO yCT-
poficTBa KOnTponpyeTc nantnte n OTCyTCTBne cnrnaoB, npeHa3naqeH-
HUX fl Bo3eTBHfl Ha yCTpOCTaa, naxoflmHecfl a paOoTe.
KOMnaeKcna npoaepKa npoHaaonTcm no coraacoaannofi n yTBep-
enno nporpaMMe aaTaune paaanqnx aaapnnx peHuOB npa nO-
MHnaabnOM nanpnmenaa onepaTHBHOrO TOKa, noRaaaeuoro no npoeKHO
CXeMe co I.KTa HOCTOHHOPO TOKa. OT npoBepoqnoro yCTpOfiCTBa Ha HcnM.
Tyemoe npncoennenHe aaH aTOrO noAamTcH paaHnme coqeTanna TOKOB
H nanpHmeHH, KOTOpMe EOOTBeTCTByT napaueTpaM aBapHfiHUX pemnmoB
(annaH npoBepKa npOH3BOHTC npH 3aKpuTX KpmKaX pete).
pH HMHTaHH Kamoro pemnMa n3MepHeTC BpeM eCTBHH
H3 cTynene 3aIILHTM na KOHTaKTaX BXOHX peae, npoBepfleTCH npaBnb-
nocTb eCTBHH 6OKHpOBOK n cHrnaaHaauHH. laH HCKqeHHH Mnoro-
Kpavnoro BOeCTBHH nfl BMKDqaTen, paaeAnnHven, KananM,
BHKH H T.. IIeo6xoHMO npeyCMOTpeTb naeKHfi BMBO H3 pa6oTm
BmXOnmX ene aaulHT. Hocae npoaepoK B paaHqnx pemnMax BOC-
CTanaBHBaDTca Bce CBHaH C apyrHMn annapavaMH H yCTpOfiCTBaMH (oco-
Oenno BHHMaTebHO nOKaDqaeTCH annapaTypa, naxosnlaca B pa6oTe).
KOMHeKCHaH poBepKa 3aBepmaeTc OnpOOOBaHeM AefiCTBHH Ha KOMMy-
TaHonny annapaTypy n KonTpoeM B3aHMOeCTBHH C yCTpOCTBaMH
ApyrHx
Pe3ybTaTM HpoBepKH
B mypnae pqaenofi 3alInTM, Hoce qero pa6oT B oHepaTnBHMX enBX
moryv.
BoAroToaa ycTpoficaa K aameunm m pa6oy. Hepe BKqeHHeM
Hpon3BOHTCfl nOBTOpnMfi OCMOTp naneefi, pflOB 3aHMOB, KOHTpOH-
pyeTcH noaomeHHe coeHHHTebnMx MOCTHKOB H nepeMMqeK, noaomenHe
naKaAog B eHHX DTK.rIqHHH, OTCyTCTame oTcoeAHneHnmx  nenaon-
pOBaHHMX npOBOAOB H KH3 Kaeefi, na,rlI4qHe 3a3eMaeHnH B COOTBeTCT-
ByDIitHX
pH HOBOM BKaqenHH 060pyaoBanBfl Bee 3auJ, HTM, B TOM qHce H ne
npoBepennme pafoqHu TOKOM, aBOTC B pa6ffry c efiCTBHeM na OTK3110-
qeHH, cpaay nocae BgqemH HpoH3BOmTCH npoBepKa ycTpocTB
narpyaKofi COBMeCTHO naaaoqnmM nepconaom n cneaHaaHcvamn MeCTHMX
cayxў6, B TO uncle oepaTHBnMM nepcouaao. annaH npoBepKa yCT-
pofiCTBa nO narpyaKo pa6oqnM TOKOM H nanpflKenHeM HBHeTCH OKOH-
qaTec'lhHO, noTaepmamnlefi npaBabnOCTb BKqeHH H nOBeAeHnH ov-
aeabnmx pete H yCTpOfiCTBa B eOM. HpH npomepKe pa60HM TOKOM
H nanpHenneM cnaqaaa npoaepaecH npaBnbnOCTb BunoanennH enefi
nanpamenHH, a 3aTeM CHHTHeM aeTOpHOfi BatpaMMM TOKOB H
ee no aKTHqeCKOMy nanpaBaenHD MOLIHOCTH B nepBnqnofi CeTH npoae-
pHeTCfl HpaBnbflOCTb BHOHeHHH TOKOBMX enefi.
nOCTH HyeBOrO npoBoa O63aTebnOH3MepHeTCa B HeM TOK neOaanca,
co3anHeM COOTBeTCTByIIHX pemHMOB KomrpoanpyeTc npoTeKaHne qe-
pea rlyenofi npoaoa aanoro vOKa.
Hoce 3aBepmenHH npoBepKH no narpyaKofi TIIlaTebnO OCMaTpHBav

8 AnnapaTypa, Oc06euUOCTU u3epeuu Pa3/L 1 § 1.2 .14s.epuTe.bt'tble npu6opbt U yCTpOCTSa 9
H BOCCTaHaBaHBaT nepeMqg Ha Bcex pete, peHM KOTOpX H3MeHHCfl
npH nponepKe x paSonHM TOKOM. B ypaae peaeHofi aamHw eaaewcs
COOTBeTCTByRta 3ancb o COCTOflHHH npoBepeHHx yCTpOCTB H O BO3-
MOHOCTH BKeHHfl HX B pa6oTy.
1.2. H3MepHTebHe npH6op u yCTpOfiCTna
KOMHeTHan HepeHocHa ycTaHoa 5053.,pH HaaKe yCTpOfiCT
peaeffHofi 3alIHT H 9eKTpOaBTOMaTHKH HCHOB3yDTC pa3aHnHe ycw-
pofiCTBa H npHSop, o6ecnenHamae  mpoKHx npeeaax peryaHpoBaHae
H H3MepeHae 3anen nepeMeoro
peryaHpoaHHe yraa Memy neKTopaMH woKa H anpsmeHHa (a3 wOKa,
Hanpnenn), HMHTaRH pa3aHqHux aBapnfigx peMOB, naMepeHHe
BpeMeHH cpa6aTMBaHHa pete HH 3atttHTM H T. .*
HauSoaee noauo nepeqHcaeHHuM wpe6onaHnflM owBeqaew KOMneKwHafl
nepeHocua ycTaHoaKa Ґ5053, anycKaeMa B3aMeH ycwpoficwBa wnna
ҐH3-2 H npeHaaHaqenHaa ann HaaH
ycTpofiCTa C a303aBHCHMMH xapaKTepHcTHKaMH peeofi
Mecwe HX yCTaHOBKH HH a a6opawopHHx.
ҐcTaHoKa anoaHena no 6OqHOMy npHnHny H COCTOHT H3 Tpex
5OKOB, sewpIqecKH cflaaHHx Memy co6ofi npH nOMOmn TaTHMX
gaSeaefi c paa%eMHUMH coeHHeHHflMH: K513--SaoKa peryanpoaoqHoro,
K514--SaoKa narpyaoquoro; KS15--6aoKa-npHcwaaKn aa HMHTaHH
aaapHfiHux pemMO H npoaepKH aal/.tHw C a303aBHCHMMMH xapaKTepH-
CTHKaMH.
Kafi Ha nepecqHcaeHHx 5aoKoa MOeW B HeKOTOpUX cqax
HCnOb3OBaWbCfl OTebHO, KaK CaMOCWOaWebHOe nponepoqHoe yCTpOHCTaO:
6aoK K513--KaK nCTOqHHK C HaBHO-CTyHeHqaTMM peryaHpoaHneu
nepeMeHuoro HanpameuH ao 380 B, nepeMeHHoro wOKa O l0 A, BMHpaM-
aemoro HanpHmeHHs ao 240 B, BMHpMeHHoro woKa aO 4,5 A, npn I'OR
oH o6ecneqHaaew H HaMepeHHe apeMeHnux napaMewpoB pete;
6oK KSI4--KaK HCTOqHHK Onoa3Horo nepeMeHHoro Toga o
200 A co cwyHeHqaWUM peryaHpoaaHeM;
6OK K515--KaK HCTOqHHK
peMenuoro HanpmeHH HaH KaKHcToqHHK CHMMeTpHqHofi CHCTeMM Tpex-
BaOKH K513 H K514 o6paayDw CaMOCTOTebHoe KOMHeKTHoe OCnOB-
Hoe ycwpoficwaO--ycwaHoaKy Ґ5052--aaaMen ycvpOficvsa vna H3-1;
yCTaHOBKa npenaaHaqeHa a npoBepKn npocwmx peefinx aatra.HT
MeHTOB aeKwpoanwOMaTHKn.
HpH npoaepKax ycwaHoaKofi Y5053 CaOmnUX 3amnr ycvpoficTaO
Y5052 nCnOb3yewc KaK nCTOqHnK oHoaaHoro peryanpyeoro TOga,
BpH npoaepKe onepawHnnx ene--gaK HCTOqHHK peryHpyeoro -
cwpoficWBO 5052 HO3BOZeT BMHOZHHTb caeymmne pa6ovu:
l) npoaepKy H HacrpofiKy 3aAaHHux ycvaao y peae nepeenHoro
* 3Recb n a3ee 3 yXO6CTBa HOb3OBaHH cHpaBOqHHKOMHpH HadlaR-
Ke yCTpOCTB HpHMeHflDTC aaBocKne O603naqeHHfl OTe21bH..,'IeMeHTOB
apoepoqnX yCTpOCTB Hpn6OpOB, TnHOaX naHeaefi peaeHX aamv
 OTebHmX peae.
zoa, pearHpymax Ha oHy H3 SenHqHH (TOK, HanpseHe), npn VOKe
cpa6aTnaHH o 200 A HnH HanpeHHH cpa6aTBaHHa o 380 B, 3a-
eHe oKa npH TOM--He 6oaee 10 A. CTpOfiCTBO npeycMarpHaeT
posepKy 3amHT a C 1o=1 A, o6naaHx 3HaqHTenbHO 66nbmaM
conporHnaeHeM aenefi Toga, qeM 3alIHr C lao5 A; npeen peryaapo-
na,Toga B TOM peHMe--O 10 A npa cyeCTBeHHOM yaeanqeHnH
BXOHOFO HanpmenHn uenH TOga;
2) nporpy3Ky nepBaqHM TOKO 3amHv, npoBepay aosўўHuaeHva
paHcўopMauaa paHcўopMawOpOB Yoga npa nepBHqO woke, He npe-
maDeM 200 A. ўTpOfiCTBO o6ecneqaBaew BO3MOHOCTb peryapoaHa
l n3MepeHa nepeMensoro Toga B npeenax, yKa3aHHX  va6. 1.1.
T a 6  H u a 1.1. TexHqecKe aHHe ycrpoflcrsa Ґ5052 upH nposepge
peae HepeMeHHoro VOKa
npoBepne-
25
5O
100
200
10
108
54
36
18
350
13
26
40
115
19
e, B
25 80
50 40
100 20
200 10
10 250
I-Ipa rlpoBepKe pete vrtI/OB PHT, 3T, PT-80 H .pyrrx pete, y KO-
TopbIX qbopMa gpHBOI TOKa BHaeT Ha aHaqenHe yCTaBKH cpa6aTtaBaHaa.
neo6xozHMO acnoaaOBaT, BcTpoeHHe, npeaBKmqeHHsm aKTaBHe pe-
CTOp, Korope cyttteCTBeHHo yyqmaoT qbopMy KpaBO BXOHOrO ToKa.
I]pH BbI6ope coI/porrtB,rleHHa npeBKJ]OqeHnoro pe3HcTopa Rnp c,'le,ye'r
HCXO2[HTb H3 IoIIyCTHMbIX TOKOB HarpyaKn, npnBeleHHx B Ta6a. 1.2, np
T a 6 n tt a 1.2. ,O[lyCTItMue TOKH narpyxu npu )I, JIHTeJIbHOCTH
BKJIIOqeHHII pa.)qHbiX /ap He 60ee 3 MHH
YIpelen no ,oy, A
25
50
100
200 
10 (Hprl lno ----IA)
20 OM
19
36
65
112
4
Rnp
70 OM
9,5
20
32
66
2
200 o
4,5
9
14,5
28
1

AnnapaTypa, oco6e/cnocru u,epenutI Paa,. 1 § 12 HaepuTe.onote npu6opot u yCTpOfWTOa I 1
l0
AAHTeAbHOCTH BKAIOqeHHfl He 6oAee 3 MHH, pyKOBO&CTByaCb npu aTOM
Coo6paKeHHflMH: qeM 6onLine Rn, TeM MeHbme KOgKIIeHT Heaniieflntx
aCKaeHai y gpaofi HepeMeHHoro TOKfl B Harpy3Ke;
3) npoaepKy npOMeywo tIHhlx peAe, peAe BpeMeHii, KOrlTaKTOpOB IIO-
CTOHHOrO TOga IIa HanpsKemm o 220 B IIAH WOK O 5 A n COOTBeTCTBIIII
C IIpeeAaMii IIAaBHO-CTyeHYaToro peryJmpoBaii, yKaaarmbMii B Wa6A.
1.3.
T a 6 i II tt a 1.3. Texniiqeciae /tanHue ycrpocriia Y5052 ripa nposepe
peae aocoiinnoro rosa
HapsKe-
h'He, B
240
220
ll0
BbmpMaen-
Hblfl TOK, A
0,06
0,6
1
4,5
30
5
5
1
KoixIxneaT
nyabcaanfi TOKa
aa BarpyaKe, %
2
3
3
20
KaqaTeafl ўS12,
100
500
1000
al000
* Bm6op eMKOCTe nepeKamqaTeeM ўS12 gpOH3BOHTC BpH OTKqeHHB yCTa-
HOBKH.
,[[OIIOAHHTeAbHO yCTpOICTBO I]O3BOIIIeT npoI3BOAIITb oiipeeAeHHe
OiionoAiipiiix BbIBOOB napaAAeabHx II nocaeoBaTeAbHhx O6MOTOK npo-
MeXyTOqHblX peAe IIOCTOIIHHOFO Toga, BpeMeHii cpa6aTblBaHiiii (BO3BpaTa)
npoBepiieiIx annapaTOB (peAe, KOIITaKTOB, BKmOnaTeAefi II T.a.) IIa aa-
MblKaIOILI, HX, pa3MbiKaIOIIlHX II.rIH BpeMeHHO 3aMbIKaIOIKHX KOHTaKTaX.
MepeHHe BpeMeHii OCylLteCTBAIIeTC C IIOMOIIJ, b}O BCTpOeHHOFO a,'leKTpHqe-
CKOrO CeKyH,OMepa HAIl BHemHero MHaaiiCeKyHAoMepa, ,AS IIpiicoeaiiHe-
HHI KOTOpOro Ha 3aHe IIaHeaH npeyCMOTpeH5I ciieLtiiaabHe
UCTpOCTBO W5052 noaiioaseT II OTaiiqiie OT yCTaHOBKH rFIa-i npo-
BepiiTb 3alKHTSI IIO nepeMeHHoMy TOKy C OiiofipeMeHiiS*M HIITaHIIeM fix
onepaTiiBHhlX uenefi HepeFyAHpyeMhlM BbnlpiiMaeiiHb*M IIanpseHHeM 20 B,
COaAaBaeMbIM B peryAiipOBOqHOM 6ADKe I<513, 6e3 IIoxaqii B 9TOM cayqae
Ha aatIIHTy oiiepaTiiBHOrO TOKa OT aKKyMyaiiTOpHOfl 6aTapeH.
Ha peryAiipoaoqHOM 6AOKe K513
npii6opb*: H3MepnTedl5 TOKa H HaiipiimeHHii c iianasOHOM IIaMepeHiiii IIO
TOKy 0,01; 0,05; 0,25; 1,0; 5,0 A, IIo HaiipnKeHiiO 7,5; 30; 75; 150; 300;
450 B, aAeKWpneCKr ceKyHlOMep vnna FIB-53IJ_ll; Ha 5AOKe K514--
Mepiiwem, Htafi TpaHccopMaTOp WOKa Kaacca TOaHOCTII 0,5.
1-1iiwaHne ycwpofiCTBa 5052--OAHOa3HOe OW cewn nepeMeHHoro Toga
qacwowhl 50--+'0,5 F HaiipnKeHHeM 220 IIAII 380 B MOmHOCWblO ne MeHeei
6 KB.A. [IHwalolllHfi Ka6eAb ceeHiieM He MeHee 4 MM 20T CHJIOBO. c6opgHi
lO&KAIOqalow Ha BXOHe 3aKiiMbI <<Cewb 6AOKa KS13 c o6o3HaqetliieMi
, >>--ў220 IIAII <ў**--<<380. FIpii pa6oTe c yCTaHOBKOfi Y5052 5es]
5AOK-IIpiiCTaBKII K515 B KOAOKy paa,eMa X5 5aoKa K513 aOaKHa yCTa-|
ttaBAiiBaWbCii ciieanaAuHan KOAO_Ka--KpmUKa paa,eMa X6, IIpeioTBpa-]
aagmaa OCTyl/ K BhIBOAaM, HaxoIIIIIiMCII i20 apameHeM,  3aM-
aman aenb TOKa.
BCKe epeKqeHH a Reuflx 3aHTbI, OAKqeHHe H OTKqenHe
coeAHHzenmm, x mnaHroB iey 6noKaiH npOH3BOaSTCS TOaSKO npH
OTKqeHHOM raasliOM BbIaawele SIO 6aoKa 513. Haane anpa-
zitHHH Ha 6noKe SpH BKJIqeHHH $10 KOaTpOnHpyeTcs no cHrHanbHOfi
:laM fie HI.
OiHaeKTIiOe yCTpOCTBO 5053 B aonoaeae K yKa3aHHMM o6ec-
eqHBaeT:
onpeAeneHe npaBaa5HOCT qepeaoBaHHa a3 vpexa3Ho nHTammefi
enH;
HMTaH HOpMabiiOrO pemMa np nposepKe 3aT, Korea
3HTy noaaea CHMMeTpHqHOe Tpexasoe HeperypyeMoe Hanpamee
100 B. BcTpoemtsi nOTieTp osa K515
lm BxoAe. He KOTpOpyeT, a BXOe 6aoKa KI3 TOK OVCyTCTByeT;
HMHTaH Byx3HOrO K3 CO CfpOeOi anpames Merely nO-
BpemeHHMMH a3aMH O aaHHOrO 3HaqeHH npH OHOBpeMeHnOfi noaaqe
[i amTy npeaBapHTebHO oTperyHpOBaHHoro, aBapHfiHOrO Toga. B BTOM
pemie MeeTca OSOmOCT peryponaa anpamens Merely no-
pemei a3ai OT 0 O 100 B np coxpae CMMeTpOCV
perypyeMoro ttanpameHs no OTOme K anpame Henospem-
eliHo a3  BO3MOmHOCTb naBHoro perypoBaHa yra Merely aBa-
pHHMM TOKOM H HanpameHHeM;
HMHTaH TpexCasoro K3 co c6pocoi
ny  pyrofi pacqeTHo BeHqHHM. onycKaeiaa H'rebHOCTb.
• an TpexaHoro K3 co cSpocoM anpames o yse oee
5 c. Ha 5oe K514 ycTaoeH saesTpoiepTeHe np5opi: 3ie-
pHTeb anpamefma c a,aasooM 3iepefla 1,5; 3; 7,; 30; 75; 150 B
 niepHTeS a3 c paoM mKaa 0--90 , 03 °  aonycTii
norpemHOCTaM 5 °, 10 ° COOTBeTCTBeHHO. HpeycMoTpea BO3MOm-
HOCTb H3MeHH yra CBHa a3 Merely TOKOM, noayqaeMM ov 6aoKa
513,  semi anpameei o 150 B (anpMep, np npoepe
Hanpameae nTans ycTpocna V5053 vpexCa3oe, CileTp
220 H 380 B, qCTOTO 00,5
 sB.A.
Hp paoTe  Koinere Y5053 Tae IIa perypoob  a-
rpy3osifi
<CeT 6oa K513 noaaaT e caeyeT.
(K513, K514, K515) om 5TS aem,o saeieL •
3aeKpOHHfi MaaHceyHRomep 9MC-54 npeaHa3HaqeH Aaa H3Me-
peHH HpoMeyTKOB BpeMeHH, Haqao H KOHe KoTopx HKCHpyDTca
MbIKaHHeM HZH pa3MgaHeM KOHTaKTOB poBepeix aapaTon
TaKTOpOB, pete, BKqaTee H Xp.). pH6op HO3BOaeT H3MepHTb:
BpeMS cpa6aTbmaHa pete c aibmammHl (3.)
BpeMa Bo3BpaTa pe C S. H p. KOHTaKTaM;
pa3HHy BO BpeMeHH cpaSaTBaHHa m6ofi KOM6HHaHH AByX K-
TaKTOB;
BpeMa KpaTgOBpeMeHHOrO 3aMgaHHa HH pa3MaHHa KOHTaKB

12 AnnapaTypa, OC06et-tt-tOCTU u3epenua Paaz,. 1 § 1.2 I/I3.epUreAbtbte npu6opot u yCTpOaCT6a 13
(MeTOIHKa H CXeMbl aaHHbX HaMepettHfi re yKaaan  aaoacKnx MaTe-
paazax).
p6op nMeew HWb nana3onoa n3Mepennfi--25, 50, 100, 250,
500 MC-- C pa6oqefi qaCT mKaa OW 20 nO t00 % ee znnu a nO3BOZn-
ew a3MepnTb HpoMeywKa BpeMeHn OW 5 0 500 Me, Hp 9TOM OCHOBHa
norpemocw e npeBbmaew 5
Teuna TeMnepaTypna norpemnocTb 2,5
OT OTHMabHO TeMnepaTyp +20 °C. -
awaHne npn6opa
110, 127 nan 220 B (nMeewca
nnTanna TOZbO 220 B), onycaeMoe
una 15%. ycoo q npn6opa aonycaer  enn O6MOTa peae
nOCTOannoro TOga npn 220B paaManae 10A, a aena nepeMennoro Toga
npa 380 B--6 A.
Hpa6op nocze npeapnTeznoro nporpeaa 3--5 Man Momer ncnozb-
oBaTbca nenpepbmno B Teqenne 8 q B ropnaonTaabnOM nn aepTnanOM
pa60qeM
pHHH efiCTBHg npn6opa COCTOHT B ceymeM: n weqeHHe H3Me-
paeoro npoMemywKa peMenn KoneHcawop eMKOCTbD 4 MX 3apama-
evc CTa6H3H3HpoBaHHM TOKOM O neKoropofi Be3HqHbl. B npoecce
3apsa 3naqenne TOga noepmnnaewcs He3MeHHblM B weqenae ncero
3MepaeMoro npoMemywKa BpeMenn, nOTOMy nanpsmenne na Konenca-
rope  aortae apaa npaMO nponopunonaabno n3MepaeMoMy owpe3Ky pe-
MeHH:
U   kl,
re Irox 3apna; C  eMKOCWb xonaencawopa; t  npea 3apaa;
k  goўnnenw nponopnoHabHocwn.
aMnoaM nObTMeTpOM C 60mnM anyTpennnM conpornaenneM,
o n36emanne mynwnpyDmero efiCWB npn6opa H3MepeTC
na gonencawope. OCgObKy nanpsenne U nponopunonaabno BpeMen t,
maza BObWMeWpa rpaynpyewca nenocpecTaenno  MnZznceynax.
B npnSope HCnOb3oBaH MeWO cwa6nbHOrO WOKa aapaa
npeeze, w.e. npu nepexoe na pyro npeaez n3MepeHnfi uenaeTc a6co-
mwHoe 3Haqene TOga aapaa, a eMKOCTb H mKaa BObTMeTpa OCTamTCfl
HeH3MeHHMH. BKzmqeHue Konecawopa Ha aapa n npeKpaenne 3apa-
Afl MOeT ocyeCTBflTbCfl 6Ofi KOM6HHaHefi 3aMKaHHfl H pa3MMKa-
HHfl KOHTflKTOB.
HoOeoroaxa npu6opa  pa6oTe u pa6ora c num. HepezqaTezn n no-
TenanOMeWp, ycwanonennIe na aneaofi iianen npn6opa, nMemw 3ano-
cKne o6o3HaqeHnfl (pHc. l.l,a)
. epeKDqaweb KI nMeeT Tp
rooa H3MepHTebHOrO np6opa BKqeHa B enb aapanoro woKa, pe-
ryznpoKa woKa OCyeCWnflewcfl nOWeaOMeWpOM
rooaKa n3MepnTebnoro npn6opa noamqena  cxeue aMnoBoro BObW-
Mewpa, ocnonnofi 3apn KOneHCaTOp 3aKopoqeH, nowennouewpoM
ocyecTBaewca ycwanoBKa
MepnwebHOrO npn6opa
wa aaKopoTKa C Kon&encawopa, npn6op rOWOa K nauepennm. HepeKmqaweb
K HpeOeaot ab5uEaew npeea naMepennfl. Kq Ka--nycoaofi, nMeev
aBa noomenn HoOeoToexa u Hycx, CymnW Aa nycKa CXeMbb qepe3
PHC. 1.1. CxeMa 13MepeHla pa3Hnllb BO BpeMeHn 3aMbKaHna KOHTaKTOB
a--0 H B--e K.rIIOqa K3:
a--KOr/ta e--e aaMgaeTc panee a--O; 6- gorla a--O aaMraKamTc panee

14 Annaparypa, oco6ennocru us:epenufl Paaa. 1 § 1.2 tts,epureJCbUbW npu6opbt U ycrpo,crsa 15
ol )
07 50
9o I '
pc. 1.7, ytaomcy npeaeaa ceKyHOMepa npoH3BOZT npH paaOMKHyTOM
COCTOflHHH H/OHTaKTOB.
HaMepe-ne apeMen 3aKuyToro cocvoanna npocKabaBamulero (3a-
iuatoutero 0 KOHTaKTa pn BOaBpaTe pete nponaaOnT o cxeue pnc. 1.8,
aMepeHe peMenH paaoMKnyToro COCTOmma npocKabaBatomero (paa-
uamero 0 KOHTaKTa np aoaBpaTe peae--no cxeMe pc. 1.9. YcTanoaKy
peeJa Mm:a.ceKyAoMepa npouaOaT pn paaOMKnyTOM COCTOann
KOHTaKTOB.
Pile. 1.4. Cxeua n3MepeHnfl paa8nll
BO BpeMeHII paaM/agaHil KoHTaKTOB
KI  K2, Korea KI pa3MblKaeTC
paHee K2
,) s u

16 AnnapaTypa, oco6emtocTu us,epetutI Pa3,. 1 § 1.2 I43epuTesbtote npu6opot u ycrpoflcrta 17
aoHax: (10+99).10 -4 c, (10+99).10 -a c, (10+99).10 -2 c, (10+99)X
Ч 10 -I c.
OcnoBI-la ilorpemtIOCTb pH opMabbX yCOBnaX He peBmaew 3a-
qeHHfl, onpeeaaeMoro no opMye
rae t--KOUeqHoe 3HaqeuHe nHTepBaa BpeueHn naaaoHa npn naNe-
Hnn; tx oKaaane npn6opa; 5  Han6obmafl ouycvnMafl orpemHocvb
3aammero renepaTopa pnSopa; 0,5  oaўўnanenv, opeeeMmfi
ncpeTHOCTb CnCTeM OTCqeTa np6opa-
PHc. 1.6. CxeMa naMepenna BpeMenn
3aMKHyToro COCTOflHHa npocKab3m-
aamero (3amKamutero) KoVaKTa
upn cpa6avuBaHnn pete
Pnc. 1.7. Cxema namepeHn peMeHn
pa3OMgHyTOrO COCTOflHHfl pocKab-
auaamero (paaMuamero) ou-
Tava npn cpa6aTaHun pete
Pnc. 1.8. CxeMa naepeHfl Bpeeu
aaMKuyroro COCTOflHUfl HpocKaba-
Bammero (3augauero) gowaKva
npn BOaBpawe pete
Pnc. 1.9. CxeMa H3MepeHng npeMeHn
pa3OMKyTOrO COCTOflHHfl HpocKab-
aamero (paaMuuaulero) UO-
TaKVa npu oapave pete
I-Ii4TaaHe np6opa--ov CeTI4 IIepeMeHHoro TOKa 50 F ttOM!4HaJIbtIblM
uanpaKeuHeM 127/220 B. Hocae npeapuwenbuoro nporpeaa npn6opa
 Teqeuue 30 MHI-I onycKaewc nenpepbmHa pa6owa
Hepcouaa, pa6owamafi c npHSOpOM, onmeu 3yqWb <<Texaqecuoe
ouucauae u Uucwpyua nO ucnayawauu. 3anpemaeTc pa6ovaTb c
60pOM npH OTCyTCTBHH 3anTuoro 3a3eMeufl Kopnyca, a Tage n0g-
qflTb K TeHCedlbHbIM KOOKaM np6opa KOHTaKTM peae, Haxoamecfl
nanpameuueM, Aame npn ycaoauu oaanna uapameuua na KOHTaKTM
qepea pe3ucop nn OMOTKy pete c 6OabmHM copoTneuneM.
HaMepTea napaMevpoa pe npoofl 291 OTqaewc Or pn-
6opa 0738 B OCHOBHOM BUemUUM oopMeUueM, MeubmUMn raSapHTaMn,
]OBO aeMeHVHOfi 6aao (uHwerpabMe CXeMB n OypoonUKOBe
,eMeHWbI), a waKe pacmupeHHU npeaMu uaMepeuu-- O 100 000 MC
a aByX upeeax: 10000 MC u 100000 MC (epeKqene HTepBaOB--
pyquoe).
Hpn60p nMeev HflT3HaqHM upoBofi OWCqeV HOKa3aHufi C OHO-
HHTebHOfi nUKane epeoaHeHU cqewquKa, 06ecequBaew 3anoMuHa-
me noKaaaHn n pyqHo cBpoc pe3ybwawa, nMeew BO3MOHOaTh
rnmqeHu pn60pa K nponeqawaeMy ycTpoficwBy, fl qero a HeM
upeyCMOTpe BbXO CO CnenabHbIMn KoupoBaHUMU curaan.
Ha uueBofi uaIe pacooeHu: ceTeao epeKmqaweb  Km-
qeHun npu60pa; nepeqaweb Peu  BOHeHU KOMyTan
CXeMM p60pa, COOTBeTCTByHX COCTOflHH KOHTaKTOB H pemny pa-
50TU npoBepeMoro pete; epeKamqaTeb KHT (KOHTaKT)  aMeeHu
yKan poBepeMX govaKToBaaycuamero  ocTauaBnaae-
ro, ec ocvaHaBnBammnfi KOHTaKT 3aMbIKaeWCfl pan,me aaycKaero;
nepeKqaweb PA3H (paauOCTb)  pa6owbI B penMax opeaeeHu
pa3Hocwu cpa6avuBaHg m60 KOM6UHaun ByX ap 3aMBIKaHX
n paaMMganx KOVaKWOa  opeeen peMen KpaVKOBpeMeuoro
3aMbIKaHUfl Un pa3MKaHnfl KOHTaKTa; HepeKqaweb 100  pa6owbI
npu6opa a peee 100000MC; uepeKmqaweb BBP (Bn6paan)
n3MepeHnfl BpeMeHX napaMewpoB pete c yqewOM B6paunn KoHTaKTOB;
nepeqawe CYM (CyMMa) fl CyMMnpOBaHU oKaaaun npn60pa
pu MOrOKpaTHOM u3MepeunH apaMeTpOB pete; epeKmqa CBP
(c6poc)  c6poca oKa3aufi OWCqewHoro ycwpoficwBa p6opa; 7yM6aep
HYCK  nOKmqe apeuu nnwaHHfl K O6MOTKe poBepseMoro
pete n OKmqeHnn cqewuorO ycwpoficWBa; apoBue nKavopue
naMnb n cBewonayqam no fl UUUKaUUu epeoeu cevquKa.
Ha 3aefi naHen paaMemeuu 3aM 3amnTHOrO 3aaeeHu
 peoxpaTe: 3aHMBI 3, 4 (KOHTaKT
OKqeHHfl KoHaKTOB poBepeMoro pete; 3aHMM I, 2 (Uen pete)
nfl HOKqeHnfl O6MOTKn n nuwaHufl upoBepneMoro pete; pa3eM
OKqen uapse nHWaHfl 220 B; pa3eM
uCpoeqaTamero ycwpoficWBa; paaeM  OKamqens Buemnero O-
5aBOqHOrO ycvpoficwBa Y.
B 3aBHCHMOCTH OW" Hanpfleuufl  wOKa cpa6awbmaHn ncob3yeMoro
pete OKqeHne ero OSMOTKH HpoH3BOHTCfl wyM6epOM HYC Ha n-
eBOfi aen u6o BbIgqaweeM HYCK o6aBoqnoro ycTp0ficwBa.
OyCWUMe 3uaqeHufl TOKOB  uapeuu pn nOKmqeuu pete
; pn6opaM UpuBeeu B waS. 1.4.
Hepea BKqeHHeM pn6opa Heo6xoHMO HOKqnVb g 3aUMy
3anTHoro 3a3eMeHHfl 3a3eMflnfi HpOBO H uaeuo 3a3eMHVb ero.
2--131

BblKJllOqaTeJlb
I1YCK ZIY
IIocTOf!H HbII
HepeMeHHlf!
220
220
250
8O
250
240
240
380
38O
5
2
1,6
5
2
10
10
6
6
l']pH BK,rImqeHHH EIpH6opa:
I) yCTaHaBHBalOT opraHh! ynpaBaeHaa a KOMMyTattHH npa6opa
B OTqeHHoe ooeHae;
2} BKqamT HepeKmqaTeb Peu a noomenae 1;
3} aKaqaT mayp HHTaHaa npa6opa B naramym ceTb;
4) aK3qaT ceTeaofi nepeK3mqaTe3b npa6opa;
5) 3a yevaaoB3enaa pa6oaero pemaMa BepaaamT npa6op BO
BKqeHHOM COCTOHHH B Teenae ne Melee 15 Man;
6) BKqflT TyM63ep HYCK a y6eaTca a HaZnuan HenpepB-
noro cqeTa npa6opa;
7) aaMRKamr aamaM 3. 4 a npa 9TOM y6eamrc B aanqnn
noKa3auaa'ua oTcqeTHOM yCTpOfiCWae;
caUas} azmqamr WyM53ep HYCK;
9) naaMamr onKy CBP a npa 9TOM y6emamca a aauqaa c6po-
 noKaaaHfi ua OTCqeTHOM yCTpOfiCTBe.
Hoe aTOrO npaSop rowoa  pa6owe. onycaewca nenpepuBnaa pa-
wa npnSopa B weqenue 8 q.
Bonranep@aaounuxarop BA-85. Hnaaaaqen aa Mepenna
BeuqHH a a3 nepeMenaoro a u nanpaeaaa acToT  F, y
caara a3 onpeaewc OTnOCHTeaO aeropa U,b wpexaanofi
nanpameuu abc 100--220 B.
pn6op noaBo3eT n3Mepa u
a) anaqeaae a Caay nanpnmeaa aa npeaeaax aaMepeaua l, 5, 25,
125, 250 B;
5) anaenae a Caay. woKa  paapBa roonpoaoa a eax
n3MepeuH 1, 5, 10 A;
) anaqeHue MazX TOKO, aaMepaeMx .Mnzzaanepewpo, B-
aeMu a pacceKy rooaoh enu, aa npeaax uaepeuna 10, 50, 2 AI
r) qepeaoaanae Caa rpexa3aofi CaMevpnO CUCVe nanpae-
nu 100220 B.
Ha yaaeHx HOflHHX CO ca6M CeTe ea3
aa 6aew, qwo nanpnmeHae o vOpaqnx enax rpanepapon
npameuna Meuume l B, oawoMy npa naparopux oaepax npn6opa
6xoauo rmanbno perynupoaar MexanuKy Caaorynaropa,
§ 1.2 H3tepuTenbnbte npu6op u gcrpoacrsa 19
BaaCb qeTKOrO Bpaille}tBa ero poTopa npa CttMMeTpHqHOM Tpexqba3HOM Ha-
npameHnH 90--95 B.
BxonHoe conpoTtm3eHe BOnTMeTpa Ha Bcex npenenax iepeHa--
e Melee 2400 OM/B.
HaomeHe TOKOB3MepHTebHbIX K3ee H3ieHaeT copoTHBeHHe
TOKOBO eHH He 5o3ee qei Ha 0,00l Oi, aa3op KeeBOfi npHCTaBK
npB nO3HOM pacKpMTHH MarHHTOnpOBOa He ieHee 7 MM. BHyTpeHHee
conpoTBneHe M33aMnepieTpa a npenenax 10 MA --4 (5) OM;
50 MA--0,2 (0,4) Oi; 250 MA--0,018 (0,08) Oi, B COSKaX yKaaao
conpoTB3ee MnnaMnepieTpOB n3a np5opa cep BA-85M.
OCHOBHaa norpemHOCTb npn5opa BA-85 np H3iepeHHB VOKa B oa-
npameHna He npeBbmaeT 5 % npeeaa n3MepeHna, norpemBocTb npa
onpee3eHaa a3 He npeBblmaeT 5 °, npa6op BA-M npn HopMab-
HX yczoaax aMeeT cooreTcreHHO norpemHOCTa no ToKy n Hanpe-
nap 4%, no yrzy 5 .
Hpa6op BA-85 azeTen MnoronpeenM eTegTOpauM npn6o-
poM, B KaeCTBe 3MepnTea y KOToporo acnonb3yeTc MaKpoanepMeTp
M-4204. Hpu aaMepenuH ToKa  uanpaeaa onononynepnouoe B-
npaM3eHHe npoHaaoawca repManueamM rOOM, npn 9TOM noKaaaHHa
H3MepHwe3bnoro npa6opa nponopHoaa3bH cpeneMy anaqeum TOKa,
npoxomero qepea ero OSMOTKy.
Hpn onpeeenan a3bI WOKa 3 HanpameH WOK K 3Mepwe3bHO-
y npa6opy noaewc qepea MeXaUaqeCKafi BRnpMaWe.b y npa6opoa CVa-
pofi cepaa  qepea 303aBHCHMfi nozynpoBonaKOaUh BnpaMHWeb
y npaSopoB nOBOfi cepuu. MexaHaqecKafi a3a no3ynpoBOHaKOBbfi Bbmp-
HWeb oSecnequBaeT MaKCHMabHfi WOK qepea H3MepHwebHbIfi npaSop
npa COBnaeaaa no aae VOKa  HanpmeHafl, noBeeanx K BunpaMa-
Team. Hpu WOKe H nanpena, noaeaeaaux K aunpaMaeam no yr-
 90 °, WOK B 3Mepuve3bnOM npa6ope paaen uyzm a nozomeaae 3M6a
na powope aaoperyaaTopa Cacupyew aay aaMepaeoro a  nanpa-
HpnSopu BAO-  BAў-85M OV3Hqamwc pacnozomenae BuaOaOB
Ha 3HeBOfi naaea, Kpen3enaeM 3UM6a K  ce3bcuna. B HOBX npn6o-
pax npeycMowpeaa BO3MOHOCTb CMearb n3anKy c aco aa naqa3a
OTCqewa npu azaSpoaKe n ycwaHoBe ny3; B cwapx o6paaax npn
HeCoBaenHH Hy3a c 3aBOCO pUeKO npuxonb Kamfi paa
Ka3a6poae nKcapoawb UOBy VOKy nanaaa Owcqewa apanaoM aa
zaueBofi naae3u.
Ha 3HeBO HaHeH yKaaa O6oaHaeHH OCHOBX a3eeTOB, KO-
WOpblM CTBeTCTBymT npnanwe o6oaaaenua B weKcwe.
HopnOox pa6or. Hpu u3MepeHaa woa zemeaofi npHcwaBOh 
paapaa aenu na npeaax 1,5, t0 A ann nanpaeaua ua npee3ax 1,
5, 25, 125, 250 B Tyu6aep aBeuna ycwanaaaaBaewc a no3o-
menue Benuuuna; ry6nep A--U, I--a nozomenue U, I; nepeama-
we3eM npeeoB a6upaewcn COOTBeTCTBymah npee no rOKy UU
npamena.
aepenue Toga npOHaBOUVca e nOMObm WOKOH3MepHwebuX
e, KOpue rn6KU mzaaroM omnawca  BBOaM npaSopa
* a I. B TOM cnyqae, ora naepaeMe TOKa BeCbMa Ma3u, Momno B pac-
ceqKy nCTa3boro 3amuMa u3 enuwaTe3buoro 6OKa TOKOBUX e-
ne BKqHTb ra6Kym nepeuqy u nponycTHWb ee qepea OKHO WOKOH3Me-
pnvebaX nemefi HecKbKO paa. B vo cayqae efiCTBHTebH 3Ha-
2*

20 Annaparypa, ocoSennocu uzmepenut Paaa. 1 § 1.2 ItamepuTe.bnbte npuSopbt u ycpoCTa 21
Pac. 1.10. HaMepeHae npa-
5opoM BAO-85 MaJlblx TO o
ROB
I/I,,I ]
dd6
ABC 
PHC. 1.11. HpoBepKa yCTaHOBKI4 Hy-
a no HanpeHnm
BeCTI KOHTpOJIb ti KoppeKTipOaKy HyJll no ToRy. Ty npoaepKy npoaOIST
KaKamfi pa3, ecai nepecoeaHSacb uen HanpKeH np6opa npu nepe-
xoae OT OaHOf naHea 3aIIDIT K apyrof Nan OWCOeaHaCb TOKOti3Mepti-
TeabHme Kaem
ToKoi3MepiTebHble Kaeui nOICOeIIHSOT K BbIBOaM npi6opa  i I
mTaTHmM Kaai6pOaaHHmM coeaHWeabHbM maaHroM c co6aoeHeM no-
aSpHOCTm OaHonoapHbm amBoam Ha npi6ope, COeIiHiTeabHOM maaHre
ii TOKOn3MepnTeabHbIX Kaemax O603HaqeHbt 3Be3)IOqKOfl.
HpoaepKy MOmHO npOti3BeCTtt yM cnoco6aMm
1. Hpn6op BAO-85  en TpexqbaaHoro nlTaHll aMeer qCTO eM-
KOCTtIyIO HarpyaKy, nOaTOMy TOK a qbaaax onepeaeT HanpKeHe Ha
yroa 90 ° (pc. 1.12, a). BeKTOp TOKa qba3bl  OTHOCtITeJIbHO 6aacHoro
HanpneH Uao paaepHy Ha 180 °, T.e. Haxo)ItITCI
Pnc. 1.12. HpoBepRa yCTaI4OBRI4 rlyJDl rio ToRy:
a--uarpaMa voRoa a qbaae C nnamme vpexqbaano CIlCTeMbl nanpmenu BAq-85
n B pe3nCTOe R, lKllOqllllOM lia Uab; 6  cxeMa uauepeu TOKO43ep$eIbnMMt
KleUaMl
caeOBaTe0]bHO, BeRTop ToRa--lc coBnaxaeT c Hal]paB0]eHHeM neRTopa Ha-
npzeHa Ua. Ha TOM  OCHOBaHa npoepga yCTaHOB Hy nO TOy.
pH oaHHOM Tpexa3HOM HHTaHHH H OAKqeHHblX TONOH3MepHTeb-
nx eax H3MepeTC a3a TOga  It, aa woro em noflpHofi
CTOpOofi, OTMeneuofi 3uagoM , pacnoaramT  CTOpOHy np6opa (pnc.
1.2, 6)  arpyae. BpameeM CaaoperyaTopa cTpea np6opa ycTa-
HaaHsaeTc a Hyb, H 3aTeM BpOH3BOHrC KoppeKTHpOBKa noaomeunn
pHCKH OTCqewa nO ny HM6a.
2. Hpn BKamqeunn Ha 6aancHoe uanpmeHne Uo peancwopa c aK-
THBHblM conpownBaeuneM aaa TOKa  enn peancwopa COBnaaew c a30
anpmeHn. owoMy Ha BRBObl AB BKamqaewc peJncwop conpoTna-
aeHHeM 250500 OM (CM. pnc. 1.12, 6) COOWBeWCWBymeH MOmHOOTH H 3-
MepeTc Casa npoxomro, qepe3 pe3cmop TOga. TogoaMepTebbe
Aemu pacnoaaramw nonpon cTOpOHO g BbBOy A, nora pc oz-
cqewa, owgaaSpoaanble no TORy  HanpmeHm, Moryw ne coanaawb.
Hocae npoaepg  g0ppewpoag nya np6opa MOUO np0naaOnTb
CHZne BegwopnbIX arpaMM B enx nanpme  Toga.
Hp npoaepax noapnb goe aepeMoro aegw0pa nanpeun

22"" Annaparypa, oco6ennocru utepenut PaaA. 1 § 1.2 Hocepurenbube npu6opbt u ycrpoacrea 23
aaomne IlpOBOHHK C aaMepneMuu TOKOM, noaspaofi CTOpOHOfi
pacnoaaraTcn B cTopony Tpanc@opaTopoa ToKa, r.e. K renepaTopUoMy
Kony TOKOnpOBOa. OTcqeT yraa npO3BOarc no anM6y a MOMe
yCTflHOBKn cTpedlKH Ha Hyb.
Npri6opo BAO-85 lono onpeeasTb 3Haqenn TOKa, nanpameHa
a yron MeAy HHMH, OgTOMy OH MOeT ffpHMeHflThC ff a H3MepeHHfl
MOHOCTH. pH H3MepeHHH yrna MeAy TOKOM H aanpeaaeM HeOXOAH-
MO Ae3aTb nonpaBKy Ha yr03 aeCOBffaAeH Hya npaSopa no TOKy H a-
pffHienH KOppeKTHpOBKO ny3 OTCqeTa.
Hp 3Mepeaaax Max aHaeHfi nepeMeoro TOKa Ha npeeaax
10, 50, 250 A MazZaaMnepMerp mqaeTca s pacceqy a3MepaeMofi
en, Ty6ep A  U, I CTaBHTC  noaoenue A
arCa nO mKaae.
PeKoeaAyeMbfi abme cnoco6 aaepeaaa TOKOaaMepnTeababa Kae-
aa ManbX TOKOa aaora 6bmaer aenpaezeM, nOaTOUy
oprannaauaax Maagaepro CCCP paapa6oTaa a mapoKo
npncTaaKa, nOaBOaHe npOH3BOAarb 6e3 paapbma Uena n3MepeHHa
3HaqeHHfl H a3bI MaRx TOKOB.
9ZeKTpoza6opaTopaefi Ha.aaoqao-MonTaaoro ypaB,aema rpecTa
<<gZeKTpoaenTpouonTa>> (HMU 9M) paapa6oraaa ycaaabnaa npa-
cTaaKa -77-1, Koropaa cneqaaaeT na ayx npeAezax 50
Heo6xoAuMe HaMenH B aanaaoue or 10 AO 250 MA;
aaocua norpemuocr--ae 6oaee 1 °, aapmeaue nnTauua nepeMea-
hoe, 10220 B.
Hpnaunnaazaa cxeMa npncraBKn npnBeeaa aa pac t.13. Ona co-
CTOar a3 ycazaaa caacoaAanoro cnrnaza, cra6aanaapoaaaaoro
acroqaaKa nHTauaa a aaoBaramef enoqKa; napauerpu 9zeMenroB
CXeMb AaHR B npuzomenaa 2. cznab co6pan na aarerpaabaofi cxeMe
A1, caruaa c TOKOaaepuTnUX Kzeme qepea paaAezuTeabufi oueu-
carop C6 nrynaer na neunaeprupymufi BXOa 10 uaKpxeuu, na
aepTnpymafi axo 9 noaeTca curu o6paTaofi caan c peaacTopa
Fzy6nna o6paTaofi CBa3H, a caeAoaaTeabno, n neo6xoAnu KOaa-
neaT ycuaeana no6npaeTc peaacTopaMa R4--R7 npa Kaan6poaKe. He-
zqeuae npeAoa aaMepeaua ocymecTazaea ry6epoM SI.
zeaufi curnaa c auxoaa 5 MaKpxeuu qepe3 KoaeaeaTop C8 nTy-
naeT aa aaau * a I BA-85.
Ha axoAe 10 MaKpoCxeM aaqena aaocABaramaa RC-aenoqa,
cocroama na peancTopoa Rg, RIO n KoaAencaTopa C7. KoneacaTop C5
npe2oTapamaeT cauoaoa6ymAenne ycnzuz no abmOKO qaeToTe.
HnTanae ycuznre ocymecraaaeTcs napaMerpecKnM CTa6aznaaTo-
po, nepeMenaoe nanpflzenae 1--2 B c aaaMOB A  B BAO-85
qepea KoaAeacaropu C1 n C2 nocTynaeT na anpunrezbnfi UOCT VDI
VD4, aunzuTyaa anpMzennoro nanpamean orpanaaaeTca 33 B era-
6UZaTpOaOM VI. qepea peancrop R2 nanpmenue noaaeTca na cTa6aaa-
rponb V a V3, e KOTOpX CUaMaerc cra6naaaaponana nanpeaae
12 B aa naTanna uapocxeM, KOneacapu C8
zbcaana nanpamennfi. PeaucTop R1 oeneqana pa3pa KonencaTo-
poB CI  C2 npa OTKqeHn
HaaaKy npueraaKa npoaaaoaT aMeCTnO  c npu6opou BAO-,
a pemaue aauepeana aa pacropaMu R9 u R10 ycrpanar aaoBfi
CBar, onpeaaeu no panq a aoaaaauax BA-85 6 npacraBKa
n c ue npa uauepeuau aau TOga O ueaa. Kaenr
Pac. 1.13. HpHCTaBKa K BAqb-85 tas naMepeHna Maax TOKOB

24 Annaparypa, OC06eOCTU usepenu(t Pa3. 1 § 1.2 ItaepuTenbnbte npu6opot u yCTpOt2CTOa 25
(nqbqbepenunaab14a9 3aiR14Ta mH14 c TOpMOZeHHeM), ame ttaaqne npn-
CTaBK ne o6ecneqBaev BO3MOHOCT npoaeeH9 ueo6xonMblX 3Mepe-
Hnfi. Bbcogofi pa3pemamefi COCO6HOCTbm Hpn TaKx 3MepeHHX o6a-
aaex BegWOpMewp wa 50 yHnaepcaabHbfi nepeuocuofi npn60p, npe-
Ha314aeHfi R 3Mepe TOKOB  anpefi no qacwowe  aae
nepeMenHoro Toga qaCTOTOfi 50 FU.
Hp5op MeeT npeeb 3Mepe:
no nanpeunm--0,15; 0,3; l; 3; 10; 30; 100; 150; 300 B;
no Togy -- 0,003; 0,01; 0,03; 0,15; 0,3; l; 3; 5 A;
Oaaofi yroa- Ow 0 aO 360 .
HOMMO 3HaeHfi  a3bl TOga  Hanpnen npn CnHyCOnab14Ofi
opMe KpBofi npn6op nO3SOgew 3Mepwb MOHOCTb OHOa3HO  wpex-
a3HO enefi, canr a3 MerRy ByM TOgaM  nanpennMn,
Mey TOKOM  nanpgeHneM. Hpn nannn cmnx rapMonng npn6op
no3Boew BReTb cocwaagmmne nepofi rap.MOnngn TOKa  nanpn-
e, K HeocwawKy np6opa ceyew OWeCT eo6xoMOCTb ero
BKqeH B pacceqKy TOKOBO
Hecvanaapvne nepenocne nenvavene yevpoficwa. HpMeHee
nycgaeMx npOMmeHHOCWb gOMnegWHblX ycwpoficw Y5052 n Y5053
necowp na nx yHnsepCabnOCWb npn naage npcoeHen 0,4
KPY 6 gB o MHOFX cyqanx 5saev neeecooSpa3o, OўO6eHHO npn
coeennn MOHTaHX  aaox pa6ow B OHX noMeenngx.
B cn3n c WM n naaonx opran3annx,  aCTHOCT B HMV
Mepro CCCP, mpogo npnMegmwcn cnea3poaHHe
WebHbIe ycwpocwBa, owopbIe nopo6no paCCMOWpeH  [1, 10]. Hne
npneen ocnone vexnnecgne anHe necgobKx pa3pa6owoK cne-
RaCTOB HMY OHM.
Ycrpoceo npooepu npucoeOuneuu 0,4 B YH-0,4 npeana3Haeno
9 npoepgn pa3noro egwpoo6opyosanng, pa6owamero a
nanpgennn 0,4 B nepeenoro Toga  220 B nocognHoro .TOga: Mar-
nnx nycKaweeff, gonvaKvo, pete peMeHn, npoMeywonx n cnrnab-
nx pete, evpoMarnnwnx peae nepeMennoro TOga, anVOMaWecgx
amqaweaefi c TOKaM cpaSavann90TCeK o 500 A. CTpOfiCTBO
o6cnenBaeT perynpyeMe 3naenn9 xonx TOKOB n
 npeeax, yga3annx s wa6. 1.5.
T a 6  14 t a 1.5. Tex14Hqec14e aH14e ycTpOfiCTa
HnpeHHe PeryHpyeMe BXOtHe Bem
nnraH, B U, B U, B 1, A
220 01o I0 A)
0--380
(ao 2 A)
0--250
(ao 2 A)
0--500
(BpeMfl BKJIIOqeH14I -- I0
lO c rip14 OKe 6oee
300 A)
T a 5 a 14 a a 1.6. TexH14qecK14e ,aHHble ycTpOfiCTna
380 (/I, Be a3b114 HyJIb)
Peryapyemme BMXO,tHe BeHqHH
U, B
0--220
0--380
=U, B
0--250
0--250

26 AnnapaTvpa, Oc06euUOCTU u3,'aepeuud Pa3. 1
T a 6 a H R a 1.7. TexmqecKtie AaHue ycTpoficTaa
nblXOAHbl'e BeaHqtlHhl
220 B san 380 B (e
=220 B (OT mnHOK HnTa-
HH +_EY qefiKH HH OW
HOCTOpOHHeO HCTOqHnKa
HOCTOnHOFO TOKa)
perypyeMbm ] aepewyn pyeMbie
8 (no 10 A)
220 (nnwa-
nne npBoa
BKaloqa-
U, B =U, B
0--250 0--250
 (no 5 A)
0--400
(o 10 A)
U, B
13 (50 rtt,
HnTaHH
Bn6por paqba)
eeKynRoMepoM n KOHTpOabnO-n3MepnTeabH npn60p c noaynpoBoAHnKO-
BOfi 3amnTofi OT neperpysoK.
nTanne Rene ynpa3ennn OeT ocymeCTBagTC OT a6oro Bnem-
Hero ncTonnKa san OT mnnOK
fa BO3MOHOCTH nOaKaenn9 K ±EY ycTpocray npnaaercn Ka6ea co
• [ +_EY
1 -
I nl<A- I II
PHC. 1.14. l']OKAiOqeHI4e 5rHKA-I
npn onpo6oaaann aqeeg KPY
1.3. HposepKa H3oaattHH aTopnqnmx ttenefi
Cornaco FOCT Ia OlteUKn aqecTaa uaoamma aaeTpnqecznx i
aenefi annaparyp npoaepaerca ee aaem-pnqecKa npOqHOCTb C nauepe-
IlpKeHneM.
)aeKTpnqecKal npoqn/3CTb n coIlpOTnBdlettne H3OJIIILHH npoBepalOTCt
Me)KAy 9aleKTpnqecKn He coe/l, nnennblMn eILqMn; Me,KAy 9dIeKTpHqeCKltmlt'
enlMn, pa/l,%e/l, nHlioiiLHMncg B npoecce pa6oT annapaTyp; MemAy
§ 1.3 IIpooeptm uonnquu oropuunbtX qenet 27
T a 6 n   a 1.8. TexnnqecKne nannme MeraomMeTpon Tuna /1101
tlCnOdIHeHHe HpH= ] Flpeeam H3MepeHH
6opa I KOM ўOM
0--200 0--I00
0--1000 0--500
0--1000 0--1000
100 B
500B
1000 B
KO.M. MOM
0--200 0,01--20
0--1000 0,05--100
0--1000 0,2--200
. HOMHMaabMOe
BXOHOe
Hpa>KeHHe, B
100+10
5oo+50
1000+100
MeraoMuep Tuna MC-05 Ha aanpaceHne 2500 B umeeT Tptt ,peAea
aMepeunfl, exHuecKse aaHHue papa npuaeAeuu a Ta6a. 1.9.
Hpu suepea.ax MeraoMuepo poarKy epaopa eo6xOuUo
apaaTb c aOMHHaabHOfl qaC 120 O6/MHH. HpH HOMHHaabHO
CrOTe apameHna na pa3ouKnyuX aamax
noe Hanpamenae. 3aanCnMOCtn BXORUOrO uanpameHna ueraouMpoa

§ 1.3 IlposepKa U30./15llblU 8ropuuHbtX gene 29
Ч0,I
Ч0,01
0-- 1000--oo I 1--1000
0--I000--oo 0,1100
0--100-- 0,0110
2500+250
2500+250
2500+250
ov naMepeMoro conpoTnBeHna npuBeenil Ha pUC. 1.15, 1.16 (rae U--
Hanpenne Ha n3MepeMOM conpoTHBeHnn B npoeHwax HOMnHabnOrO;
R--naMepeoe conpownaeHne  npoueHTaX KOHeqHoro aHaqeHna paSo-
qefi qaCT Ka).
Hepe n3MepenHeM npoBepT ncpaBHOCTb npnTopa.  MeFaOMMeTpOB
Tuna Mll01 npn noaomeunn nepeKamqawea npeeaos emil, n BpataeHnn
pyKOnTKU C HOMnHflbHO qflcwowo npn paaOMKHyTX BBOAaX cwpe3Ka
g2 g#  2 Z a5 0 20 0 00
",q, %
2 S#5 10 20 qO 100 I000
PHC. 1.15. Harpy3oqm xapaKTepncwnKn MeraoMMeTpa cepun MIIO1
PnC. 1.16. Harpy3oqHa xapaKTepncvnKa MeraoMMeTpa Tnna NiC-05
c BnpflMHTeHeM. MeeTCa NHTb HCNOHHflHHfi npHSopa TOFO Tnna, OT3H-
qaHXCfi NO napaMeTpaM BXOItOFO HaNpfleHn H Han6o3bmeMy
ueHH H3MepfleMOrO conpOTnBaeHH, TexHHqecKHe aaHHile npn6opa
eHm  TaSa. 1.10.
T a 5 a n  a I.I0. TexHnqecўHe annue eraoevpoa Tnna M4100
npnTopa
M4100/1
M4100/2
M4100/3
M4100/4
M4100/5
Hpene H3MepeH
KOM ] MOM
0--200 0--100
0--500 0--200
0--I000 0--500
0--1000 0--1000
0--2000" 0--3000
0--: 0 0,01--20
0-- 0 0,02--50
O-- 00' 0,05--100
O-- O0 0,2--200
0--: O0 0,5--1000
HOMHHaJIbHOe BbI-
X O/HOe Harlp  >e-
HHe, B
100+I0
250+25
500+50
1000+100
2500+250
[]pn n3MepeHHaX pyKOaTKy reHepaTopa HeoTxo;1HMO BpamaTb C
MnI-IaJIbHOI?l qaCTOTOfi 120 OT/MnH. 3aBnCnMOCTb BUXOHOrO HanpieHna
MeraOMMeTpOB OW n3MepneMoro conpoTnBaennn npnse;leHa Ha pnc. 1.17.
Puc. 1.17. Harpy3oqHile
xapaKTepnCTUKn MeFaoM-
MeTpoB cepnn M4100:
! -- M4100/I--M4100/4; 2 --
M410015
IIIIII iiiii
: :::::
: ::::: Illll
2 Jq5 o
t Aua.IoriuqHblf BIIBO)I, HMeeT o6oanaqeHHe  jUIa pyrux TUnOB npu-
6opa.

30 AnnapaTgpa, Oў06eHHOCTU u3epettu Paaa. 1 § 1.3 Ilpoeepxa u3o.nquu oropuuuotx qenea 31
npf6opa, o6ecneqrmaoT BO3MO:'KHOCTb nepeKmoqeHnfi a euaoax 6ea
mnoaaoaml epeMeuHX nepeMqe.
CXeM aaMepeH conpoTaaeu aoau npaeae Ha pc. t.18,
1.19.
MeraoMeTp 04100 nMeez auemHee OM6HnpOaaHHOe naHne OT ce-
Tn t27/220 B qaCTOOfi 50 ]' na OT nCTOqUa IIOCTOUlIOrO TOga Ha-
npeHneM I2 B. MagcnMabHa noTpe6afleMan MOHOCTb npn nHraHH
OW CeTB 127/220 B 20 B-A, uagciaababfi TOg norpe6aenn OT anemuero
cToqHna nOCTOmtHOrO oga 1 A.
Pc. 1.18. CxeMa
THBCleHIfl I30ўI/RtfI,I MeFaOMMeTpaMII
TnOH M4100/1--M4100/4:
a.-- na npeeae M; 6 --
Pac. 1.19. CxeMa aaMepena cOnpO-
THBJIeHI4I 1430.rVllIJ414 MeFaOMMeTpOM
rnna M4100/5:
a -- na npeeae MQ; 6 -- na npeeae r
Flpeea auepeHa COI]pOTHB.rleHHI H pa6oqaa qacTb maa a 3a-
aCnMOCr OV noaomeun nepeaoqaTeae nepe)Ieaoa 3MepeH npae-
teu a ra6a. 1.1 I.
1ЧI
11Ч1
111Ч10
111Ч100
II1X 1000
0--100
3--100
30--1000
300--10 000
3000--100000
0--50
3--50
30--500
300--5000
300--50000
HaxoIITC a uepeHe naHeH npa6opa n MeeT MapKnpOBKy Z
Heo6XOAHMO HOMHHTb, qTO BMBO C aHaornqHM O603HaqeHneM BXOaHT
B n3MepHTebHy qacTb CXeMR npli6opa H He nMeeT aeKTpHqecKorO CO-
eHHeHHa C BBOOM Aff 3aaeMaenHa Kopnyca;
nocae OTnyCKaHa KHOHKH Bbcooe uanpceuue oanpaeue ua a-
xoe MeraoMMeTpa (BBO J/ H  OTHOCHTeabHO 3) canaeTcg 0
6e3onacHoro 3HaqeHHa 3a 5--10 c.
HopaaoK paSoT C np5OpOM 4100 yKaaaH a 3aaoCKOM nacnopTo
n oaeu cTporo snoaaTbCa.
Pat. 1.20. Harpy3oqHe xapag-
epucrnKn MeraoMMewpoa THna
qb4100:
l--na npeteae naepenn 1; 2--a
npete.ae naMepenna I1; 3--Ha npe-
Zteae ltauepeun llI (XI0; XI00;
Ч1ooo)
MeraoMueTpu qb4102/1, 04102/2 HMelOT KOM6aaapoBaaaoe nriTaHue
or ca 220 B qacTovO 50 FU nan OT acrpaaaaeMX XHMHqeCKnX HCTOq-
HnKOB TOKa uanpaeaaeM 10--14 B. MaenMazbaa norpe6aaeMaa M-
OCr npn nnTana OT eera nepeMennoro ToKa--ne 6ozee 12 B.A, Ma-
0,45 A. Pecy nCTpnaoro
npaMenena e MeHee 250 aMepenafi.
uanasoH aaMepenna conpoTHnZeaa a3ozaa a 3naeane Hanp-
eHa aa aauax npa6opa npa paaOMHyTOfi aaemaefi aena npaaeeu
 va6z. 1.12.
MeraouMerp aaHHoro rana CTOT a3 npeo6paaoBaT, npeHaaa-
qeaHoro za npeo6paaoBaHa nanpaeaaa naTaHaa B nOCTOUHOe cTa6n-
aaaapoaaHuoe Hanpameune uymHoro 3uaqeaua, a UaMeparebaoro ycaaa-
 c goueucaauefi Teunepavypnofi norpemnTU. Henpaaabua yca-
ROaKfl XMqKX ўTOHKOB ToKa MOeT npnBegTn R BxoRy pn6opa
3
Hp nauepenux naoaanu neo6xoMO noab3oaaTbc canapTnUu
npoaoaaMn, axoMn
nx aaueu uomuo cnoaaTb rfl6fi Moromufi poBo c ycn-
aeofl HaOaUne (uanpaMep, Tuna HB) H c aaapymmaun pyqKa
na KOHRaX; n6XOXHUO cTporo eo6aDaTb npaana TeXnnKn 6eaoac-
HTH.
auepenne conporHaeuua H30flRHH aTOpHqflX uenefi 3aHrU,
$aBTOMaTH, ynpaefl

32 AnnapaTvpa, oco6ennocTu uamepenufl PaaA. 1
T a 6 a H u a 1.12. TexHHecKHe zaHHme eraoeTpoa Tuna .4102
Hana3oHm npeeov HaMepeHH,
VOM, C orpemocTb
"FHFI
np5opa
4102/1
4102/2
MepeH, 31Oi
0--30
0--2000
0--150
0--10 000
0--300
0--20 000
0--2000
0--20 000
0--500
0--50 000
Me,me 15 %
75--1000
750--4000
187,5--2500
1875--10 000
MeHee 30 %
0,03--30
30--1000
0,15--150
150--5000
0,3--300
300--10 000
100+5
100___5
500___25
500 + 25
1000___50
1000 + 50
1000 + 50
1000 50
2500___ 125
2500+__ 125
2500 B. FipH rlo:IrOTOBKe K HaMepeHntO Heo6xo)xHMO riO aaBO)XCKOfi )XOKy-
MeHTatIHH orlpe:IeaiTb COCTaBaalomHe aJIeieHT, H3OXitIH KOTOpblX
TtBaeTca IIOHHaceHHtM oaHpaaCeHHeM, H HCKatOnTb HX H3 CXeMI,].
aToro BIIHHMalOT H3 KOYIOOK l]OJIIpH3OBaHHble MarHHTOJIeKTpHqeCKHe
peae, CeMHble 6JIOKH C IIOJIyHpOBOHHKOBblMH aeMeHaM H p. I-IpH npo-
BepKe aHHapaTypm Heo6xoHMO BblHyTB Ha naHeaefi CTa6HJIHTpOHBI,
Bte H JIeKTpOnnIe JIaMnbI, qTO6bl Ha peayJIbTaTbl HaMepenHfi He BJIHIJIB
TOKH, npoxolalne qepea JIaMnbl; adleMeHTbl, KOTOpble HeBO3MOacHO HCKJIIO-
qHTb H3 CXeMI, aaKopaqHBaiOT. C TOfi ace ieJIblO )XJIa Ilpe;loTBpalenHa
noBpeac)xeI-IH IHO)XOB H CTa{SHJIHTpOHOB npH HaMepeHHH COnpOTtlBJIeOHfl
H3OaHH OnepaTriaHX Iteriefi ynpaBaeHoa, 5noKHpOBOK H
Ha riOCTOIHHOM TOKe UeO{SXO,IHiO HJIIOC H MHHyC 06%e,IHHHTb BpeMeHHO
nepeMMqKOfi. FIpH npoBepKe Bce aaaeMJilIOlHe ripOBo)xa, yCTaHOBJIeHI-IMe
tta IaHHOM HpHcoe;lriHeHHI, I, )XOXIKHbl 6blTb OTCOe)XHHeHbl. CorJIacHo [2]
conpoTHaneHHe HaOJIann KHa KaSeaefi, O6MOTOK, KOHTflKTOB peaec KOM-
MyTaIHOHHblMH ripHBo:Iain H Bcex BCnOiOraTeJIbHblX yCTpOfiCTB npoBepa-
lOT: nO OTHOLIIeHHK) K 3eiJIe; Meac)Xy qbaaain, acnJlaiti, npOBOlaiH,
MaMH B npee,aax O:IHOfi Henri; Me)xy aJteKTpHqecKH He CBI3aHHblMH ile-
tIMH.
ConpOTaBaenHe H30IaH nOanOCTbO coSpaHx
Itenefi TOKa, nanpaaceHHa, oriepaTHBHOrO TOKa H T.t.
I MOM.
CoripOTHBaeHne HsoaatHn SHOBb CMOHTHpOBaHHX mHHOK OnepaTHa-
Horo TOKa H Itene Hanpaacenaa ripH OTCOe:IHHeHHblX OT naHeaefi cHycax
H KaSeaax )Xoaacoo 5Tb He ieoee 10 MOM. FIpH HSiepeOHH CoripOTH-
JIeHHI H3OJIaIIHH OTHOCHTeJIbHO 3eMJIH K 3aaeMdIHTeJllO no)xcoe)XHHaeTca ripO-
BOR OT BblBOIa 3, K IlpoBepaeiol lenu--npOBO,I OT BblBOla J/ HJIH
COeHHeHHYl npoBo:IoB He HMeeT 3HaqeHHl, ecJIH ILeHH He co,IepacaT nOJIy-
IIpOBO:IHHKOBhlX aJIeMeHTOB; HpH HaJIHqHH TaKHx JIeMeHTOB
§ 1.3 rlpoeepxa uaomuu eropuunbtX tenet 33
PHc. 1.21. CxeMa HcnblTaHHa I130-
JItILIaH nOBbmeHHblM HanpaaceHH-
eM
leHHi,le K HCHbTaHHIO enH rio/alOT HanpaceuHe, KOTOpOe naaBHO
amT ov 0 o 500 B. Hpn VOM anpaeHnn nsMepamT TOg yTeqgn, OCMaT-
pnBamv COCTOaHne nCnblTBaeMofi annapaTyp, npoBoaOB, Ka6eaefi, pnoB
3aHB H T. . EH OTCyTCTByT pOCKH TOKa, HCKpeHe  HOTpeCKHBaHHe
B uenx, Hanpnenne OHMaT HaBHO RO I000 B H BbIepHBaT ero
B TeqeHUe l MHH HpH nepHoHqeCKOM KOHTpOe CTflSHbHOCTH TOKa yTeqKH.
3HaqeHў TQKa yTeqKH He HOpMHpyeTCfl, TaK KaK  oHa 3aBHCHT He TObKO
OT COHpOTHBeHHfl H30HH, HO HOT eMKOCTH HpOBOOB BTOpHHX ene
OTHOCHTebHO aeMn. CTaHbHOCTb TOKa yTeqKH pH HCHTaHX yKa-
3btBaeT, qTO HOHHeHH ypoBn H30HH He HpoHcxORHT. OCe
TaHH HapeHHe aBHO CHHaT H HCRTaTebHOe yCTpOCTBO
qaT OT HHTae CeTH. pH OTCyTCTBHH cneHaboro yCTpOfiCTBa
MOHO co6paTb CxeMy H30Te,qbHX yCTpOfiCTB H npHpOB, KaK noKa-
3ao a pc. 1.21. HCTaTebHfi TpaHcopMaTOp T oeH HMeTb
MOmOCTb He Melee 200--300 B-A, a perypoBan Hanpne C-
nObaymT nOTeHHOMeTp UH peryHpoBoqHe TpaHcopmaTop TUV,
KOHTpOb uaHpfleHnfl HpoH3BOT no BObTMeTpaM HpgMOO B-
qeH a cTopone CnTaTbHoro HanpneH. HpH OTCyTCTBHH BObT-
M C HpeOM naMepema 1000 B RoHyCTHMO HpOBOHTb 3MepeitHe
By.M OAHOTHHHMMH BObTMeTpaMH HpH HeOBflTbHOM HX B-
HcnTae HaoRa HOBMmeHHMM HanpameHHeM AORmO HpOHaBO-
Be HpH CTpOPOM CORAeHHH npaBHR TeXHBKB 6oHacHTH.
ocae 3aBepmeHa HCHMTflHHa HOBMmeHHMM HanpameHeM HpOBaBO"
AT KOHTpORbHOe aMepeHHe coHpoTHBReHH 30a HCMTaHMX
ne OTOCTeHO aeMaH MeraOMMeTpOM. PeayahTaTM OTpObHMX 
3--131

4 Annapaypa, oco6ennocu usepenu Paa. I
§ 1.4 Beўropnbte Ouazpa.U.ubt 8 tennx Toga u nanpnenun 35
noBeieuoro K npn6opy, CTpOIT BeKTOpHyIO narpaMMy, no KOTOpO H Oe-
HHBaT eCTBHTeBHOe BblHOHeHHe ene anpeHHn. Hp OTCyTCT-
BHH BAO-85 npaBHbHOCTb BblnOHeHHH ene uanpflemfl MOHO oue-
HTb HO nowena3bnofi HarpaMMe, CHnMaeMofi BO3bTMeTpOM, ec3H npe-
aapTe3bHO CaaoyKaaaweeM npoaepwb x qepeoaane a3. BobwMew-
pOM HaMpnmW cHaqa3a aHaqeHfl Bcex aaHbIX H 3efix
3Be3R UaO, Ubo, Uco, Uab, Vbc, Uca; OTHOCHTebHO BBIBOOB A, B, C, N
onpee3mT aaaeMenym a3y n 3aweM H3MepmW nanpnme
aepmuu paaoMKnyworo vpeyro3uuKa Bs(K), P, U, H OTHOCHTebHO
BbIBOOB A, B, C, N 3Be3R. HO noyqenM pe3y3bwawaM B Macmwa6e
(np paSoTe c BAO-85 no 3Haqenm nanpmen  Caae, np paSowe
c BO3bTMeTpOM WO3bKO nO 3HaqeHHM nanpflmeHn MeTOOM aaceqeK)
cwpow aewopuym narpauMy (CM. pc. i.27,6). HopoSan MeTOKa
onpeeen aaaeMenno aa npuaeena B  1.6.
oczpoeuue aevopux aaarpa a aeflx yoga. 3 anaan3a
nonennn voKoax uenefl no aeTopofi narpaMMe TOKOB HeoSxOHMO
yCTaHOBHTh 3naqene u nanpaB3ene aKTHBHOfi  peaKTaUofi
npOTeKamHX nO annoMy npucoeneunm.
Ho xapaKwepy nepBqo narpyaK, nanpaaengm n anaqenm aK-
VHBO H peaKTHaHO MOHOCTe oKeHHBaT omnaoe noomene
BeKTopoB avoporo TOKa Ha narpaMMe C yeTOM cxeu coene
u KOaўnenwa wpancopMaan TA. Pacqewne annbIe conocwaaamT
c pe3ybTaTaMH HaMepenn.
Onpeene 3aqen n nanpaB3eu MOHOCTH pOH3BORT HO
COOVBeTCTByHM BaMeWpaM H yToqnnmV y ncnewqepa aeproccM.
B Tex cyqaflx, Korea MeTCn COMnennfl B paaubnOCTn onpeaenena
anpaB3en MOmnv npoBepaeMoro npcoenenn, a6npamT apyrofi
penM npoBepu, CKnmqammfi BO3MOHOCTb COMUennfi, nanpMep npo-
H3BOflT HaMepeHH a penue OHOCTOpOHHeFO HTflHH HH Ha eMKOCT-
HOM TOKe . B peue OXHOCTOpOHHero HTaHH aKTHBHa MOHOCTb
Ha HHTaDeM KOHe HMeeT OHHaHoe HaHpaBeHHe OT HH B HHH,
Ha npHeMHOM KOHe HaHpaBeHHe HBHO MOHOCTH -- g HHaM. Ha
npeHHX  poaepKa Moer KTHHO pOH3OHTC Ha
eMKOCTHOM TORe HHHH npH OTDqeHHH ee c HpOTHBOnOOHOfl CTOpOH,
B TOM cyqae TOK B aae onepeaeT OHOHMeHHOe aaHoe HaHpeHHe
Ha 90 °. B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT THHO onop, raSapHTOB rHpH H30TOpOB,
CeeHH HpOBOXOB eMKTHfl TOK B aae Ha 100 KM HH COCTaB
npHMepHo  H 220 KB25 A, 330 KB--45 , 500 KB100 A,
750 KB- 200 .
CTaSHbHTb HaHpaBeHH H 3HaeHH aHBHOfi H peaKTH8HOfl
MOH0e HpH CHgH BeKTOpHx HarpaM HeOSXOXHo HepHoxHeCKH
KoHTpoHpoBaT. OmH60HO OnpexgTb HaHpaBeHHe MOHOCTH HO
KaaHHM aMHMeTpoB eHX HpHCOeXHHeHH, raK KaK TOKH B 3aBH-
CHMOCTH OT xapaKTepa H BeHHH Harpy3KH HpHcoeXHHeHH MOT Ha-
XOўC HO pa3HMH yraMH, B C3H C qeM apHMeTHqKOe coeHHe
H BMHTaHHe TOKOB HeoHyHMO.
B 6meM cae BeKTop HepBHHOFO TOKa MOeV 3aHHMaTb Ha BeK-
T0pHOfi HarpaMMe me nooeHHe  OHOM Ha qermpex KBapaHTO.
pH onpeeeHHH KBapaHTa,  KOTOpOM pacnoaraeTcg BeKTOp TOKa, He-
OXOHMO HCXOHTb H3 eymero:
[) 3a HOOHTbHOe HanpaBeHHe aKTHBHO, peaKTHBHO MOHOCTefl
H TOKa HpHHTO CHTa HaHpaBeHHe OT mHH B
3"

36 Annaparypa, oco6eunocru uaepeuu? PaaR. ! § 1.5 Bropuutbte genu rpancўoparopoe rota 37
Pnc. 1.22. HoaomeHne BeKTOpa
roKa ba3bI A B ClICTeMe Koop-
MaT npn paaHbIX nanpaBaennx
aKTHBHOI?I n peaKTnBHOfi MOmnO-
CTe,
H3OJIHpOBaHHOrO HpoBoiHIiKa C TOKOM
HeO(XOHMO cJIe]I, HTB, qTO6bl 5bIJlO rlOJlHOe IipHJleraHHe IIJIOCKOCTe MiEHH-
TOnpOBOa 5e3 aaaopoB H nepeKOCOB. HaMepeHHe ba3 nanpameoHa H TO-
Ka npoH3BOJIIT C CO6JIlO]ieHHeM OSg3aTeIbnOrO ycJloBna -- Hal]paBIeHHe Bpao
IeHH$t 3IHM6a H HanpaBeHee BpaLeHHa cTpeKH K nyIm ][OmH COBHa-
]I, aTb.
HOIBIaeTC TOK B HyJleBOM npoBoe np O[HOfl3HbIX KOpOTKHX aa-
MblKaHHflX K3, EIOgTOMy MOXKHO CqHTiTb, qTO npa anaofi CXeMe coeH-
HeHHI TA peze, BKaIOqeSHh]e B yZeBOfi npOBOl, BKJIIOqeHM Ha bSJlbTp
TOKa ayaeBofi nocaeOBaTeaHbOCTa.
PHC. 1.23. CXeMhl COe]tHHeHHI
BTOpH.qHbIX "06MOTOK TA
aemx B OHOI ba3e, c CO6Jl]ieHlteM
0atIOCTH COeHHaOT nepHbie oSMOTg (d/ ITA H dIt 2TA) H STO-
pHqi O6tOTgH (H2 ]TA H Ht 2TA), ycTpoffc*Ba peaeffofi 3amHT
Kamqar Ha of H 1TA  H= 2TA. TaKoe SKamqeHHe TA oSecneqna-
eT ieH3MeHHMft BTopHqHhli TOK, paIfi l==l[nrA, SO HO3OaaeT ysen-
Ha't, B 2 pasa oarpy3gy Ha Kamtfi TA. Cxea teeT .TOT me
TpaHcў]}OpaltaH, qTO H gam,IbIfi TA ,
' 3nanre.0 pe'e npnMeH0T exeM e napaaaeaHM
m'opnmx O6OTOK TA (pne. 1,24, 6). B TO eayqae
0)

38
Annapagpa, Oc05euuocTu u3epeuu
Pa3. 1
TpaHcOpMaKHH CXeM
rpy3Ka Ha nero SBOe 6oabme. WO CSOfiCTSO
O6XOHMO oyqHTb Mae H HecwaHapwHe KOHHeHT wpanc-
opMam
HponepKa npaBHbHOCTH coegHHeHHH TOpUqnX uenefi TA. Ho-
HOCTb co6paHHe  OKmqeHHe g 3anTe HaH ycTpoficTsy eKTpO-
aBTOMaTKH WOgOBe enn, gag npasnao, nponepmT nepBnnHM TOOM
nporpy3gm wa npoHepa BeTC 3aBepmammefi, noToMy eaaweabHo
e3MepeHn npon3nOHWb npn6opoM
§ 1.5 BTopuubte qenu Tpacd)op.aTopoe Toga 39
OKH)laeMbI HClIbITaTebHbfi TOK Ittcn, A, MO)KHO paccqHTaTb fro ylIpOtKeH-
HO dpopMyae, He yqllTblBaIOIKefi naAerme HanpaKerma B rlCTOqHHKe IIrl-
TflHHff:
Uncn" 100
lrcn=lro ,
UHOM /2H
". 220j 380 B
,q, s9 === ,c
"220 3808
"2205 380
• " 220, 380 B

40 Annapargpa, oco6ennocru uzepenua Paaa. 1
T a 5 a  R a 1.1. BoomHe HecnpaHocvH  vpexaaHx cxeax
TOKOBblX enefi, coeHHeHHblX B tBety
BTOpHqHMe TOKH
pH npoaepKe
no
cxeue pnc. 1.25, a
HpoBepKa vpexCaavoKomovnoevo-
poHaero HCTOqHHKa HH TOKOM HarpyaK
BTOpHqHe =OKH
BeKvopaa ear*
paMMa TOKOB ll
pecLa aKTBO
aarpyaKn
 _o =_+_ +2°
CxeMa sbmo3nelta
npasHnbHO
la = Ib = Ic =
nTA
Ia=lb=I,=
It
nTA
lo=lao
O6pbIB nyaeBoro
npoBoa
la , lb ," lc "
0
11
nan << 
rlTA
Io = 0
]a=lb=Ic =
nTA
Io=0
]a = Ib = Ic =
ll
Io  nT A
la = lb  lc =
nTA
Io = 2 I
nTA
§ 1.5 Bropuunbte genu rpancd)optaropoe zora 41
IlpoOocenue ra6. 1.13
BTopeqe TOKU
ripe npoBepKe
nepBuqamM TOKOM
no onoaaao
cxeue pnc. 1.25,a
EpoaepKa Tpexa3HmM TOKOM OT nOCTO-
poHHero HCTOqHHKa HB TOKOM Harpy3K
BTOpHqHMe TOKH
BeKTOpHafl ar-
paMMa
fl pemaMa
aKTHBHOfl Harpy3KB
06ps aen n
BTOpHqHOfi 06MOT-
K TA paa C
la ---'- Ib = I'--2--
rlTA
It= 0
lo=2 l..--L--t
nTA
I1
la = Ib -- nT A
It= 0
1o- ITA
3aKopoqe TA ўa-
3b C
TaSRa 1.14.
nTA
Ic + 1o ---
11
Ia  Ib -- nT A
Ie-- lo -- nT A
BoaMoatnte HeHcnpaBHOCTH n Byx@a3HX cxeMax
TOKOBmX Renefi, coeRttneltHblX n nenoInylO anea$1y
BHoHeHHe cxeM
TOKOBX Keneii
BTOpHqHMe TOKH
npn poaepKe
nepB- TOKOm
no ooaao
cxee pac. 1.25,6
poBepKa Tpexa3HbMTOKOM OT HOCTO-
poHHero HCTOqHHKa HH TOKOM HarpyagH
BeKTopaaa naro
BTopeqne TOKH paMMa aa pexMa
aKTBHOfl narpyaKn
nTA
Ii
Ia = I, -- nT A

42 Annapargpa, oco6enuocru uaepeuua Paa.a. 1
IlpoOocenue ra6. 1.14
lqpoepa TpeXa3HbIM TOKOM Oqf HOCTO-
ponnero HCTOqtIMKa HJIH TOKOM HSFpy3Ktt
Bbmo.aHerme CXeMbl
TOKOBblX Ll.f i'I  
CxeMa BEHOHeHa
npaBHbHO
O6pblB HyaeBoro
npoBoa
BTOpHqHme TOKH
HpH npoaepKe
HepBHqHbIM TOKOM
no ooOa3so
CXeMe pc. 1.25,
1o =2 1
nT A
/a= le,,O
aH << I----L-
ITA
Io =0
BTOpHqHe TOKH
II
1o- nT A
BeKTOpHa HZP o
parma n pemnMa
KTHBHO Harpy3KH
10 --.0
ToKrt Ma.abI, aaBI'I-
CaT Or napaMeTpon
TA
BeKTOpHaR na-
rpaMMa Heonpe-
eleHHafl
BTopHqHa o6uor-
Ka TA B a3e C
BKRqeHa C o6par-
HO HOapHOCTb
la - le " I la'- le-- ttTA
--
Io = Ia6 !o ----- V-3
O6pua Henri
BTOptlqltOi o6MoT-
KH TA dpasb C
la = Io -- I'-"L-1
-- nT A
/c= 0
]c0
§ 1.5 BropWtu,te qenu rpaucdopmaropoB rosa
poOo.aeuue ra6.a. 1.14
FlpoBepKa Tpexdpa3HbM TOKOM OT HOETO-
DOHHeFO HCTOqHHKa HH TOKOM HaPDy3KB
TOKOBbIX Kene
3aKopoeH TA ўa-
3 C
BTopaqllble TOKA
11
Ia- nT A
lc - 1o -- nT A
I1
]a- IITA
le q- Io -- nT A
pa.Ma Jl pe>xnMa
aKTHBHOfl HaFpy3K
T a 6 a H I a 1.15. BOaMOHMe HeHcnpanHocvn n RnyxaaHlax cxerax
roKonux tteneit, coegaaennux na pa31toc'rb "IrOKOB
BHoHeHHe cXeMhl
TOKOBX aene
BTopnqne TOKH
npn npoBepKe
nepBnqnblMTOKOM
HO OHOa3HOfi
cxeMe pnc, 1.25,a
IqpoBepKa Tpexda3HmM TOKOM OT HOCT0-
pOHHero HCTOqHHKa HJIH TOKOM Harpy3KH
BTopHqHme TOICa4
CxeMa BbIIIO$1HeHa
IIpaBHIbHO
la = Ic = I'--L"
nTA
lp = 2 I
IITA
la  lc -- nT A
nTA
Bexropuaa Aaar-
parMa OKO
uarpy3K
O6pB ttenH peae
/p=O
TOKa Ma,n, 3aHt-
cr Or napaeTpoa
TA
BeKTOpHa AHa.
rpaMa aeonpe-
eleHHa

44 • AnnapaTypa, oco6euocru uepeuu Pa. 1
FIpoOoceuue a6. 1.15
Upoaepa TDexa3HM TOKOM OT OCTO-
poHHero HCTOqHHK HH TOKOM Harpy3K
npH npoBepKe
no ooaaao
CXeMe pHc. 1.25,0
BTOpHqHe TOKH
I BeKTop[taa Har-
paMMa TOKOB 
peKHM aKTHBHOfl
Harpy3KH
CxeMa BbnoHeHa
nenpaBnbno, TA
da3b C BKtOqeH C
o6paTnOfi noapno-
CTbtO
II
la -- lc -- nT A
lp  IH6
Ii
Ia  Ic -- nT A
Ip = 11
nTA
O6pB enH
BTOpHqnOfi 06MOT-
 TA ўa3 C
II
la  lp-- nT A
/c-0
11
]a  ]p-- nT A
/e= 0
aKopoqeH TA ca-
I1
nT A
]a = ]p + ]c
lp + ]c "- 1"---
nTA
I1
la- nT A
la = I -[- le
Ip q- 1 e- nT A
nTA
nTA
Zl
lb=2 -
nTA
la = ]e =
nTA
CxeMa BOaHeHa HpaBHbHO
11  2 nT A
Ib  le =
nTA
IbO
nTA
la = le =
J2TA
BTopuqnaa O6MOTKa TA r da3e C BKIIOqeHa C o6paTHOfi IIOlflpHOCTbIO
nTA
le= 0
11
Ib- 2
nTA
la  ]c  "
Ii
O6pB aenn naa BTOpHHO 06MOTKH TA Caa A

46 Annaparypa, oco6ennocru u3mepenua Pa3. 1
la2n 
Ib=Ic:
It
nTA
Ii
nTA
RTA
le. 0
r <<
nTA
3aKopoeH TA daab] C
O6
Ta6aaua
laO
Ib = Ie  0
]a -- 0
Ib = le -
nTA
BmnoHenHe CXeMM BeKTOpHa HarpaMMa
TOKOBX Kene BTopHqHMe TOKH TOKOB a pemnMa
aKTHBHO HarpVaKH
la =Ib---le---. V'X
It
X
nT A
CxeMa BIglIO."IHeHa IIpaBHQ1bHO
1.5 Bropuunbte qenu rpancўopmaropoe Toga 47
17 oOocenue ra6. 1.17
BnoaneHne cxeM BegTopa narpaa
TOKOBmX enefi BTopaqame TOKH TOKOB aa pexzaa
aKTHBHO HaFpy3KH
I.=V 1,
nTA
lb = le = nT A
BTopqHaa O6MOTKa TA r dpa3e C BKamqena c odpaTHO noaapnocvm
11
Ia  le -- nT A
]1
IITA
O6paa uena rtza BTOpqHOfl O6MOTKH TA dpaau A
nT.A
]b = ] -- nT A
3aKopoqen TA Caa C
]a -. O
I b -- I  
nTA
06ps ToKOBorO npoeota Caau A

48 AnnapaTgpa, Oc06eutOCTU uzepeuu Pa3A. I § 1.6 Bopuuubte tenu rpancўoparopo8 nanpnceuun 49
: 0
CIIITb BeKTOpHy arpaMMy
nnTamulefi c60pKe aBTOMaTrtqeCKI,IX Bb/-
KaOqaTeaefi, n ceeHa Ka6eaefi. ECH
BO3HKaeT HeOSXOMOCTb pH norpy3-
Ke nepBqHM TOKOM BO3MOHO CHTe
BeKTOpHMX AnarpaMM BTOpHqHX TOKOB
OTHOCHTebHO npon3OabHOfi, HO CnH-
XpOHHOfi CHCTeUl anpameHHa, Hanpa-
-ep OT 5zoa K515 ycrpoficTsa Y5053.
COOTHomeHne TOOS n SeKTOpHe AHa-
rpaMMbl TOKOB npn npoaepKe Tpexaa-
HbM TOKOM, a TaKe nan6o3ee BeponT-
ue omn6Kn n encnpaBnOCT npHaee-
ab B Ta6. 1.131.15; 1.17.
a onpeeeHHOCT pemnMOB
pHTO, qTO BCe ewopHbm Harpa-
 npHeeH a cyaa aKTHBHO
Harpy3, a3He COOTHOmeHH OgOS
 xapaep SeTOpHX aHarpa 5y-
ayT aazorHa npnseen npn
6off CaMeTpHqHOfi Harpy3e.
To.osage aenn amT 5zoo re-
HepaTOp--TpaHcopawop H reHepa-
Topos nposepamT na o6wegaHne TOgO
p OTe 3 so36yeHHOrO rene-
pawopa,, pa6oTamero Ha 3aKOpOTy.
np5opoM BAў-85  STO peaMe

50 AnnapaTypa, OC06eUOCTU u3epeuu Pa3. 1
§ 1.6
BToputubte qenu Tpancўoparopoe uanpacexua
51
OCTnraTb 50--60 A. PacqeTH TOK B :gTOM cyqae onpeeaeTcn no dpop-
Myne
K H I
/pac-- 3,5 '
re 12c--MaKcMabHfi eMKOCTHM TOK BO BVOpHqbIX ex; Kn-
KHHeHT Haenocw, npHHHMaeMfi 1,3;
np BKmqeHH TV Ta H HOMHabHbIfi TOg paceTeR
BSHpaeTc HO TOKy MHHHMabHO Harpy3gH B acce TOqHOCTH I. BMop
aBTOMaTqeCKX BKmqaTeefi cBeAe B TaSk. 1.18i
TaSHa 1.18. 3amve aBvoavqecKe BKmqaveu a aex
OCOBHX 06OIOK TV 35--500 KB
3HOM-35
HKO-110-
HKO-220
HKў-330--
HKO-500
H,E-500
HKO-330--
HKO-500
HJlE-500
Ha cSopHx ma-
Hax npx BOfiHO
CHCTeMe HH, pH
OayTOpHO cxeie
K TpaHcOopMaTopy
B cxeMe MHOFO °
yrobHKa
Ha aH
2 .'300
--- =10,36
loo/VT
1,3.60
-- =22,3
3,5
300
-- =5,18
lOo/V
25
25
lO
25
6,4
aBTOMaTI4qeCKI4e BbIKJIIOqaTeJlg B KelIH pa3OMKHyTOrO TpeyroJlbHI4Ka
TV 110--500 KB (SbIBO,bl F H U) yCTaHaBJIHBatOTCI Ha HOMHHaJIHbI
TOK 2,5 A.
3. 3aaeMleHHe O6MOTOK TV, coe,HHeHHb/X B 3Bealy H paaOMKHyTi
TpeyroJ]bHHK, Heo6xo,HMO BhIIIOJIHHTb Ha 3aKHMaX TV ]n6o Ha 6J]HKafl-
me-c6opKe 3amHMOB OTReJlbHblMH 3a3eM]HTeIRMH. ]V[eK2,y O(MOTKaMH
TV H MeCTOM 3a3eMJIeHnH He JIotlycKaeTcR yCTaHaBJIHBaTb KaKyIO-JIH60
KOUyTHpymUtym annapaTypy. PySHnKH SI  $2, oSecneqHaamulHe
JlnMfi paapa npn pa60ўe 0 BTopltqHX Llenflx TV, yCTaHaBHBaKr noc-
.rle 3a3eMJleHll.
4*

52 AnnapaTypa, oco6ennocTu usepenu Pa3. 1
TN TV
3HOM
HKO-II0
HKO-220
HKў-330
HKCP-500
H[E-500
HE-500
HKў-330
HKCP-500
A-aKCHMab-
ua Harpya-
xa, B. A
250
600
600
300
500
300
100
100
100
npoaoJa n qbaae,
Ou
0,2
0,083
0,083
0,167
0,1
0,167
0,5
0,5
0;5
VeCTO yCTaHOBKH, TV
§ 1.6 Bropuunote qenu rpancqoptaTopoe nanpacenua 53
c yqeTOM nepcneKTnab pa3BHTrtfl sHeproo67eKTa pacqeT ceqeHHfl Ka6ea
HnorAa npoBoAaT ne no peaybaaM, nonyqennbM no npnaeAennofi op-
ye, a no acnuaabno onycnuu conponanenna a aae.
CeqeHe mn Ka6 q, MM 2, opeAeaeTca o opMyne
l
rnp
re l--nHa Ka6ea, M; y- yezbHoe conpoTnaeHne ieTaa mn
6eza, M/(MM2"OM) (paBHO 57 Aa MeSH H 34,5 a aMHHH); rnp--
coHpOTHBaeHHe HM Ka6eaa, HocqHTaHHoe HO opmyae Ban B3aTOe H3
Ta6aHM, OM.
pn onpeAeaean Aana Ka6ea OT TpacopmaTopa aanpaeana ao
HTa HeoxoHMO yqHTMBaTb, qTO B Hee BXOHT H BOHaa HHa Kaeefi
OT TV o 6aaafimefi c6OpKa C KOMMyTnpymmefi annapaTypofi. o peayab-
TaTaM pacqeTa HpHHHMaeTca 6aHafimee 6oabmee CTaHapTHOe ceqeHHe
a Aaa AaHHoro Tana KaS, TorAa noTepa aanpaeaa &U 5yAeT
meHbme onyCTHMO
Bce HepeqHceHHMe TpeOBaHHa Heo6xoHMO poBepHTb pH HaaaKe
BTOpHqHMx ee TV TaTebHMM OCMOTpOM H cHeHabHMMH H3Mepe-
HHaMH. pH OCMOTpe HpoBepaT THH H ceqeHHe H Ka6eaefi, MeCTO
yCTaHOBKH H BbIHOHeHHe MOHTaa mKaa c KOMMyTHpye anapaTy-
po, HaeHOCTb BMHoHeHHa 3a3eMeHHa BTOpHqHMx 06MOTOK H MeTa-
HqeCKHX KpaHoB KaSee. pa 3Mepenax npO3BaaBamT maa Ka6e-
aefi, nporpyaKo nepeMeHHbIM TOKOM HpoBepaT eCTBHe eKTpOMaFHHr-
HMX H TeHOBMX aeMeHTOB 3aHTHMX aBTOMaTHqecKHX BMKqaTee,
6eaTca H3MepeHHeM copoTHBeHHa H30aHH eefi, qTO 3a3eMe-
He ycTaaoBaeHo paaAebao Aaa OMOTOK, cOeHHeHHMX B 3Be3Ay H pa-
3OMKHyT TpeyFobHHK, H BMHOHeHO B OHO TOqKe.
KaK npaBaO, BTopHqHMe eH TV coHMe, pa3BeTBeHHMe, OXO-
T K 6OabmOMy KHqeCTBy naHeaefi  HybTOB B pa3anqHbX noMee-
HHaX, OgTOMy npoBepKa x pa6oqnM napaeneM, oco6eaao npa yCKO-
BX acnTaaaax 5aoKa reaepaTopvpaHcopMaTop, 3aaMaeT Maoro Bpe-
MeHH.
TO BpeM MOHO 3HaqHTeabHO EOKpaTHTb, ecH HOHOCTb co6pan-
HMe eH npoBepHTb, OaB Ha epBHqHbIe OSMOTKa TV Tpexa3Hoe
npaenne 380 B OT OCTOpOHHero HCTOqHHKa (pHc. 1.28). TaKHM MeTOOM
MOO poBepaTb TV. o 220 KB BKqHTeXbHO, HpH poBepKax TV Ha
FeHepaTopHOM HaHpaeHHH H3MepaeMe BeHqHHM COCTaBaT eHHHbI
aozbv, y TV II0220 KB--OZ BOabT, qTO BoHe OCTaToqHo pH
ncnoasosaaaa BA*-85. Ha BAў-85 az CaaTaa AarpaMM noAaT
naTaaBe qepe3 6aOK-npacTaBKy K515 ycTpoficvBa U5053. Hanpaenne
nTaH (380 B) 5aOKa-paCTaBK TO e, qTo H aanpaene HTaHa Ha
T. :aa aHaa3a oayqeaHym aarpaMy nanpameaa ao BTOpHqHbIX
 TV cpasnasamv co caarofi BAў-85 Aarpallofi Caanx
mefiafi: tern 380 B.
Hocae noAaq aa TV pa6oqero aanpaena  mKay TV c no-
MOb TOKOH3MepHTebHX Keefi BAў-85 H3MepT TOKH BO BCeX
pOBOaX 3Be3m  pa3OMKayToro TpeyroabHHKa, qeM KOaTpoapymv OT-
CyTCTBae 3aMKaHHfi B eax HapameH. 3aTeM Bce e poBepaT
no arpyaKofi, aaaym poBepKy pOa3BOT a aHH, Kya pxoaT
Ka6  Kaa

54 Annaparypa, oco6euuocru uanepeuua Paa. 1 § 1.6 Bropuuubte qenu rpancўopnaropoe nanpaceuua 55
a b c N
PHC. 1.28. FIposepKa BblIIOJIHeHHI uene TV Ha HOHI4:KeHHOM nanpmeHnH
0,4 B
VIooKenne BepmHH pa3OMKHyTOrO TpeyrobHHKa H 3a3eMeHHO dpa-
a onpeAeaaercn 3aceqKaMH (C. pHC. 1.27, 6) C nocaeAymmHM rpaCaqe-
CKHM OCTpOeHHeM BeKTOpHO HarpaMM O H3MepeHHMM HapeHHM.
BmnoeHHe enefi pa3OMKHOro TpeyroHHKa MoeT 6Tb npoBe-
eHo H CHffTHeM BeKTOpHOfi AarpaMM no HanpaeH c C06eHHeM
yCOa, npH KOTOpX Haao 3uepfleuoro aeopa HanpfleHn, CO0-
aCTByee napHOMy BaOy O6MOTKH TV. nOKamqaeTcfl Ha BUBO
BA-85, orMeqeHH *. Heo6xoaaMo npOKOHrpOzHpOaaTb HanpnmeHae
ne6azaHca a uenn 3U0, o6qHO U. He npeamaeT 2,5 B. B uenax 330--
500 KB Ha6zAaerea nOBblmeHHm HeSaaHc 3-3a HaHqH B ceTn co-
cTaame qaCrOTO 150 FU, qo ocTaTOqHO npoo UOHO o6napy-
HTb n KHqeCTBeHHO OUeHnrb C noMombm azeKrpoHHo-ayqeaoro ocn-
zorpaCa.
Han6obmym CZOHTb npH npoaepKe ene HanpaeHn npecTaB--
sev onpeeeHne tuna, orxoamnx OT aaaeuzennofi a HeaaaeuaeHHO
septunH pa3OMHyTOrO TpeyronbHHa TV. Bo Mnornx cnyqaax nanpazxenn
MezxAy ў3e.aea (onwyp 3a3eMaeHna noMettteHna Haa naHenn) H 3a3eM-
eHHblM BH(K) H He3a3eMJleHHblM H BblSO2,aM pa3oMKHyToro wpeyronb-
nga, 3aMepeHHue Ha tttHTe ynpaHeHna, IMeIOT 6ў'Irt3Krte Maahe 3Haqe-
aa. 9TO 05ycnoszeno HaneAeHnM HanpameHneM MeTKly 3  3a3eMaerd-
PHC. 1.29. CxeMa npoaep-
KH BblBOOB H H BH
uenefi paaOMKHyroro Tpe-
yro1HnKa

56 l-lpoaepna u nacrpodxa pe,ednoa annaparypt Pa3, 2 § 2.2 3,exrpoaenurnote pete roxa u nanpacenun 57
PaOe: eropod
IIPOBEPKA H HACTPOKA PEIEHHOH
AIII1APATYPbl H BTOPllqHbiX ҐCTPOHCTB
OBIREFO HA3HAqEHHI
2.1. O6mHe Tpe6oBaHHa no Haaa]tKe BTOpHqHidX yCTpOfiCTB

58
Upoepa u nacTpoaa peeanoa annapaTgpot Pa3a. 2
8O
§ 2.2
O.,SKTpOJ(lBPtlTPtbt pete TOK(I  nanpAcenuA
XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXX
5Ј

60 I'Ipoepa u acrpofa peeoi annaparypb Papa.  § 2.2 cgepoaube pe,e oa u anpceu 61
T a 6  H  a 2.2. TexHHqecKHe ,aHHle pete TOKa C HpoMeyTOqHIMH
vpacopMarOpaMH
THH pete
PT-40/P- 1
PT-40/P-5
PT-40/II
PT-40/cP
O6MOTK
OSo3Ha- Hco
BMBOOB
2--4 115
6--8 115
57 23O
2--4 23
6--8 23
5--7 46
2--4 30
2--6 50
2--8 I00
4--8 25
6--8 15
Hpee
yCTaBOK HO
O6MOTKM
(Ha Hanaao-
ca), A
0,13--0,26
0,13--0,26
0,065--0,13
0,65--I ,3
0,65--I ,3
0,325--0,65
0,5--I
0,3--0,6
0, 15--0,3
1,75--3,5
2,9--5,8
BTopHqHaa O6MOTKa
470 4 MKaP
250 B
100 OM
rIo.ynpo-
BOHHKO-
./J,226
470 4 MK(1)
250 B
100 OM
470 4 MK(I )
250 B
100 OM
3050 6 MK(I )
250 B
(50 r)
5 MK
25O B
• (60
./J,226
./J,226
Bnepean H IIo3aAH llpyHnflLttHX IIlaCTHH HenO)IBHKHOrO KOHTaKTa
HMeloTCa ynOpbl, orpaliHqHBa)LttHe BH6paRIO KOHTaKTOB. YIepeaHfi ynop
(co cTopoiibl I-lelXOIBiimlioI'o KOIITaKTa) loJImeli IIMeTb 3a3op, IIpocMaTpH-
BaeMbI! IIa CBeT, a 3a)llitlfi- IIeCKOJIbKO 5oabmlifi, IIO TaKOfi, qTO6bl npy-
:[iiiia enO)lBHKiioro KOIITaKTa Kacaaacb ynopa aHmb B KOHRe IIOBOpOTa
flKOpfl IXpH ixpoBaJIe KoHTaKTa.
LIHcTIT KOIITaKTbl qHCTOfl TpIIIOqKO!?I, a B Heo6xOHMblX cayqaHx--
OCTpblM JIe3BHeM HOKa, Ha)ldpHJIeM C MeJIKOi HaCeqKO!?I (BOpOHHJIOM), HO
TaK qTO6bl He I]oBpe)lHTb cepe6paHblfi 3a-
mHT H bI!l CJI OI.
OCMaTpHBaIOT COCTO:IHHe H KpelIJIeHHe
pe3HCTOpOB, IIO3IylIpOBOHHKOBblX 3JIeMeH-
TOB, KOH)leHCaTOpOB. 1-]HHReTOM IlpoBepa-
IOT KaqeCTBO IIa!'lKH 9JIeKTpHqeCKHX KOH-
TKTOB.
2)JIeKTpHqeCKHe HCliI,TaHHll. l-Io cxeMe
pHC. 2.3 npoBepw TOK HJIH Hanpih'eHHe
pa6aTuBaHH H BoapaTa pe3e. Y HCnO3-
gTeabHoro opraHa peae cepH PHT H
/13T npoBepHloT TO H HapnzeHHe cpa-
5aTbIBaHH OT)leJIbHO, 6e3 npoMe)KyTOqHO-
ro TpaHcopMaTOpa.
YIpoBepKa IIpOH3BO)IHTCI B pa6oqeM
AHal]a3oHe pete llpH IIOIOeHHX yKa3aTe-
na mKall Ha llepBOfi H noceHefi yCTaB-
Kax (HpOBepKa mKalb 0 H Ha pa6oqefi OT-
eTKe mKaa, T.e. npH 3a)IaHHo ycTaBKe.
PJle )IOJI:iltO 6bITb <<B IiIKaJIe>>, a TOK H,rIH
HalIpfleHHe cpa6aTblBaHHfl e O,rIiiHbl
OTJIHqaTbcI OT 3a)laHHo!,l yCTaBKH 6oee
qeM Ha I--2 %. YIpoBepKa IIpOH3BO,1IHTCfl
He MeHee 5pa3 Ha KaYXAOf4 TOqKe. OTK.rIO-
HeHHe Ha 1% OT cpeAHero 3HaqeHHH CBHAeTeJIbCTByeT O MexaHHqeCKHX HeHC-
IIpaBHOCTIX H.rIH 3aFpfl3HeHHH IIO)IlIITHHKOB. ECnH llOaO)KeHHe yKa3aTenH He
COOTBeTCTByeT TOKy H.rIH HalIpIYAeHHIO cpa6aTbIBaHHl, TO cneAyeT IIOCTflBHTb
yKa3aTeJIb Ha HyYAHOe AeaeHHe mKaJIbl, Oc3Ia6HTb HJIH 3aTlHyTb npymHHy
IKOpg, ocaa6HB raIKy, IIpHmHMaloylo CHH3y yKa3aTeab. TOK Hall Hanpfl-
Kealie cpa6aTbIBaHHa MOIIHO yBe.rIHqHTb HJIH yMeHblf/HTb, OTBepHyB HJIH 3a-
BepHyB JIeBbII ylxopHbIfi BHHT. l-lpH 9TOM, O)IHaKO, MOmI-IO HapyIiIHTb npa-
BHJIbHOCTb peryJIHpOBKH KOHTaKTa H H3MeHHTb KOgI)I)HH.HeHT BO3BpaTa pe3e.
HHorAa no yCJIOBHflM pa6ov 3aLILHTbl Tpe6yeTca yBeJIHqHTb
HeliV BO3BpaTa pe31e MaKcHMaIbHOrO TOKa H.rIH Hal]pKeHH H.rIH yMeHb-
mHTb KOg01}ўI)HLI.HeHT BO3BpaTa AJI MHHHMa.rlbHhIX pete. CJIeAyeT HMeTb B BH-
B.y, qTo, 3aBHHqHBaI 3eBbIfi yllop, yeHbmaloT TOK cpa6aTbIBaHHa, He
MeIfla TOKa BO3BpaTa (AJIa MaKCHMaJIbIIbIX pete), a 3aBHHqHBag IXpaBbIfi
ya:aKOpl, yebmaloT TOK BO3Bpava, He H3MeHflfl TOKa cpa6aTb]BaHHa,
T.'e. :epBaI oliepaRHI yMeHbmaeT KOgHIIHeHT BO3BpaTa, a BTOpaI yBe-
JIHqHBaeT. [[JII MHHHMaJIbHbIX peae IIOpAOK ollepaaHfi o6paTHblfL
0KJIOHeIIHe KO0pqbHI/HeHTa BO3BpaTa OT HOMHHaJIbHOrO IIapyIiIaev
IIpaBHIbIIOCTb mKaa peae. TaKym peryaHpoKy IIpOH3BOAflT aHmb IIpH He-
O6XO)IIIMOTH H TOJIbKO Ha pa60qefi yCTaBKe, a 3aTeM IIpoBepfllOT TOK HJIH
KalipaKeHHe pa6oT peae IIa KpafiIiHX AJieliHaX mKaa. I-IpH yBeJIHqeHHH

PH-55/90
pH-55/120
PH-55/130
PH-55/160
PH.55/200
L' l
O6aan- [ o6aon-
UHO M, KoHqecTBO Hoe COnpO-I UHOM, KOHqecTBo Hoe con.
B BHTKOB THB eHHe, [ B ] BHTKO a T HBeHHe,
o. I I o.
60 1350- 1350 620 30 600660 150
 1350 1350 620 60 1350 1350 620
1 25002500 1600 30 660660 150
100 25002500 1600 60 13501350 620
100 25002500 1600 l 25002500 1600
KOgHLHeHTa BO3BpaTa MaKCHMaJIbHblX pete (n npH yMeHbmeHHH 
MHHHMa31bHblX) MOgeT Ha6maWbC 3HaqHwe31bHag BH6paan KOHTaKTOBo
B wa63. 2.3 npnBeneHu naHnue pe3e cep PH-55, gOTOpe npHe-
HOTCfl B cxeMax goHTpOJlfl CnHxponn3Ma H 5JIogHpoBKH OT necgxpoHx
BKJllOqeHltfi. Pe3e OTJMqaIOTCfl OT O(blqHbIX pe3e nanpaxeHn TeM, tITO Otltf
tlMelOT ABe nap H30HpoHaHHUX H IIe3aBIICHMbIX O(MOTOK noceoBaTeJb-
§ .2 ,9.eTpo.Ua2UTble pe.e TOga U anp.ceu 63
HO C KOTOpMH BKUeHM pe3HcTopu. HOMHabHe HanpffgeHHff O6MO-
TOK--30, 60 HnH 100 B, OHOnOpHe BHO O6MOTOK pene--2  
(pHcyHOK Be npHHOHTC). IIIKana pene rpayHpoHaHa H rpaycax (OT 20
' ' PrY  220 HO K PTY 
 K KL.2  fit
220 110 K PTY  220 110 K pry.
0 0 .)
220 110 K PTY 
• 220 11t O) K PTY 
220 110 If PTY 

64 IIposepKa u nacTpoKa pe.egnog annapaTypoЈ PaaA. 2 § 2.3 HnSyKguouote pete ToKa 65
/Io 40). Peae paCCYHTaHR Ha pa6oTy npH HOMHHaJIbHOM HanpmKeHrm,
IIOTpe6/leHHe -- He 6oaee 6,5 B.A npH ўp=0.
l-lpoBepKy cpa6aTbIBaHH pete cepHH PH-55 MOKHO IIpOH3BO)IHTb /IBy-
MI CIIOCO{aMH. l-[o,KJIIOqalOT HOMHHa/IbHOe HanpKeHHe K O6MOTKe I (60
nH 100 B) H K OOMOTKe 2 (30, 60 HJIH I00 B) B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT THIIa pe-
Jle. K OSMOTKe 2 HanpKeHHe no)laloT qepe3 qba30peryvop. Ho iiiKaJle
CTaBIT 3alaHHym yCTaBKy (riO yry), l-IlaBIIO yBeJIHqHBal yro qbaaoBoro
U  2UHo M Sin q)3a
2 '
2.3. HHRyKnOHHUe pete roKa
OcO6eHHOCTbIO HII2yKILHOHIIblX peae cepHH PT (pile. 2.6) IBJIIeTCI CO-
tleTaHHe B HHX 2ByX BHOB 3allI, HTbI: TOKOBOI OTCeqKH MrHOBeHHoFo
BH! H qyBCTBHTC,rlbHOII TOKOBO!I 3aIKHTbl C 3aBHCSIKe OT TOKa BbI2epKOI
BpeMeHH (pHC. 2.7). Pete MOryT pa6OTaTb TOJIbKO Ha nepeMeHHoM TOKe. Tex-
HHqeCKHe )laHHbIe pe3e IIpHBO)IITCI/ B Ta6Jl. 2.4. Pe3e PT-85, PT-86 H PT-95
MOFyT pa6OTaTb B CXeMax 3aIKHT Ha onepaTHBIIOM IIepeMeHHOM TOKe,
Peaa exanecxoil qacTIL BHHT yCTaBKH TOKa cpa6aTbIBaHHI
pexJJIOqeHHn OTnaeK IeKTpOMarHHTa) 210IeIl" 3aBHHtIHBaTbCI O KOHIa
6e3 npoBopaqHBaHHn BO BCeX rneaax, nOTHO npHleran HJIOCKOCTblO FO-
OBKH K MeTaJldIHqeCKOfi riJJaHKe. PerydIHpOBOqHbIfi BHHT yCTaBKH OTCeqK!4
lo3meH xopomo TOpMO3HTbCI ynopHofi II,rlaCTHHO,r4, PaMKa O3KHa CBO60-
PHC. 2.6. CxeMa aJIeKTpHYeCKHX coe,HHeHHI HH,/]yKILHOHHbIX peJle:
a- PT-81, PT-82, PT-91; 6--PT-83, PT-84; e PT-85, PT-95; e--PT-86
5--131

PT-81/1
PT-81/2
PT-82/1
PT-82/2
PT-83/1
PT-83/2
PT-84/1
PT-84/2
PT-85/1
PT-85/2
PT-86 / 1
PT-86/2
PT-91/l
PT-91/2
PT-95/l
PT-95/2
4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; l0
2; 2,5; 3; 3,5; 4; 4,5; 5
4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; l0
2; 2,5; 3; 3,5; 4; 4,5; 5
4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10
2; 2,5; 3; 3,5; 4; 4,5; 5
4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10
2; 2,5; 3; 3,5; 4; 4,5; 5
4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10
2; 2,5; 3; 3,5; 4; 4,5; 5
4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10
2; 2,5; 3; 3,5; 4; 4,5; 5
4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; l0
2; 2,5; 3; 3,5; 4; 4,5; 5
4; 5; 6; 7; 8 9; 10
2; 2,5; 3; 3,5; 4; 4,5; 5
0,5±0,1+ 4:fi0,25
0,50,1+ 4±0,25
2+0,5+16±1
2__0,5+ 16-4-1
10,1+ 4+0,25
1±0,1--: 40,25
4±0,5ч161
4-+0,5-+- 16 1
0,5-+-0,1+ 4-+0,25
0,5+0,1+ 40,25
40,5+161
40,5+161
0,50,1 .'-- 40,25
0,SdzO, 1 .'-- 4-+-0,25
0,5-+-0,1-+ 40,25
0,5-+-0,1+ 4-+-0,25
§ 2.3 tiuOyquonnote pene TOKa 67
o 2
10 "1:'"  '
0 2 4 6
P'HC. 2.7. BpeMeHHhle xapaKTepHCTHKH HHyKIHOHHblX peae:
a--PT-81, PT-83, PT-85; 6- PT-82, PT-84, PT-86; --PT-91, PT-95. 'CTaBK a
BpeMi cpa6aTMBaHHI: 1--0,5 c; 2--1,0 c; 3--2 c; 4--3 c; 5--4 c (pў. 2.7, a,e);
1--2 c; 2--4 c; 3--8 c; 4--12 c; 5--16 c (pc. 2.7,5)
CKO6y, KOTOpafl pacnooKeHa BHH3y paMKH, TaK, qTO6bl npH cpa6aTMBa-
HHH KOHeR CKO(Sbl IIpH(JIH3H.rlCI K 33IeKTpOMarHHTy. I-IpH TOM yMeHbIIIHT-
CI KO3(HIIHeHT BO3BpaTa peJm.
Each TOK cpa6awaH HHIyKaOHOrO 9eMewa OWHaeTca 6oee
e Ha 5 % OW 3aBOICKOfi mKabL TO ceIyeT peryHpOBaTb TOK cpa6aTb-
BaHHI H3MeHeHHeM HaTKeHH oaBpaTHO npyHHhl paMKH pete, KOTOpaa
• pacnoao)KeHa BHH3y paMKH.
KOaHRHeHT noaapaTa pete .aoJxe 6b[Vb tie Melee 0,8. eJlaTeJlbHO
npn aae pene oTperynHpOBaTb k, Bbme UOMHHanbHOrO (0,85--0,87).
5*

68 17pooepna u nac'pottca pe.aetnot annapa'ypo Pa3,E. 2 § 2.4 Pete 8peenu 69
TOK BOaBpaTa MOmi40 peryHpoBaTb (B MablX npeeax) ylIopi4uM BHH-
TOM /IOBH)KHO!I paMKH, l-lpoBepKa TOKOB cpa6aTBai4H II BO3BpaTa npo-
I43BOi4TCfl I4e MeHee 5 pa3 I4a Ka?,ўlo yCTaBKe.
Oco6ei414OCTbIO I4poBepKi4 oTCeqK (leMei4Ta 6e3 3aMelei414 I4pI4 cpa-
6aTbIBai41414) flBIfleTCI TO, qTO lIfl IIpoBepKi4 Tpe{yIOTCI 603bmi4e TOKI4,
I4pi4 KOTOpblX pe3e I4eperpyKaeTcn H O(iMOTKa eI'o neperpeBaeTcn, rIoToy
I|CTOqHI4K TOKa I4pi4 9THX npoBepKax I4eo6xoII4Mo IIOIKqaTb KpaTKOBpe-
Mei4HO. PeKOMeH2yeTc I4OJb3OBaTbCfl IIpH poBepKe TOKa cpa(iaTbIBai414l
<<I4MI4yJIbCHblM>> (MaKCi4Ma.rlbi4bIM) aMrlepmeTpOM H, 6blCTpO yBeai4tIHBaa TOK
2o cpa6aTblBai414a OTCeqKH, OTKJIIOqaTb TOK cpa3y nocae cpa6aTblBai414l peae,
Ecoai4 I4eT MnyabcSOrO aMnepMeTpa, TO I43Mepei414l MOKI40 IIpOBOII4Tb
I4 C I4OMOLbD O6blqi4oro aMi4epMeTpa, KpaTKOBpeMei4140 rOIKaoqa IICTOq,
HI4K TOKa I4 Kam2bIfi pa3 CTyi4ei4bKaMi4 yBeJi4qi4Bal TOIў IO cpa6aTbIBaIII4fl
peae. l-Iocae Cpa6aTbIBai414a I4yKi40 HecKOabKO yMeHbmi4Tb IIO.BOHMOe I4a-
npyxei414e, qTO6bl y6eII4TbCa B nopore I4aleKi40ro cpa6aTmBaHi4a (i4e
I4ee II[TI4 pa3 nopa). Bo 36eKai414e neperpeBa peae nocae KaKlOrO
Ta caelyeT laTb peae BO3MO)KHOCTb OCTblTb.
2.4. Peae BpeenH
Peze BpeMei414 I4CI]OIb3yIOTC n cxeax 3attII4T aBTOMaTI4KH I ci4ri4aII4-
3ai/i414  Co3aHH peryHpyeMofi BblepKH BpeMeHH (3aMeeH) B no-
aqe HCffOHHTeBHO KOMaHAbl Hoce ffoyqeHHff ynpaBaamero cHrHaa.
Y pete c MeXaHHqeCKHM 3aMeeHHeM epeKmqeHHe HCHOHHTeHbIX
opFaHOBIўOHTaKTOB HpOH3BOHT qaCOBO MeXaHH3M HH eKTpOBHra-
verb C peyKTOpOM. acoofi MeXaHH3M nycKaeTcm B pa6oTy eKTpOMar-
HHTOM, T. e. BocpHHHMamHM opraHOM pe3e (pe3e cepHH 9B-100 c a3eK-
TpoMaHHTaMH nOCTOnnOrO TOKa H CepHa B-00 ў aeKTpOMaFHTaM
epeMeaHoro TOKa). HyCK pete cepHH E H BC ocymecTB3neTc a3eKTpoMar-
HHTOM cea3eHH.
Pete c qacoauM MexauaMOM cepnfi 9B-100  9B-200. Hpu peBH3HH
mexaHHqeCKOfi qacTH poBepeTc XO nymepa (KOp) a3eKTpOMarHH-
Ta. H3yHep 03ea HMeTb aoaepeqHbIfi 3T 0,3--0,6 MM, xopoo OH-
pOBaHHble nOBepXHOCTH ero He O3nbl HMeTb C3eOB KOppOann. Hoc3e na-
aTH Ha n3ynep qaCOBOfi MeXaHH3M oen OBOHTb cvpe3y ў nO-
BHHbIM KOHTaKTOM O MaKCHMabHOfi yCTaBKH (pH COOTBeTCTByeM
aOOenHH yOpHOrO HeOBHHOrO KoHTaKTa) H 3aMKaTb neOBH}Ie
KOHTaKTbl. OBHHbI KOHTaKT oeH OHOBpeMeHnO KacaTbC cepe6pn-
ablX HaHaeK OSeHX aCTHH HeaOBHOFO KOHTaKTa He Kacaffcb apH 9TOM
CaMHX HaCTHH H oSecneqHBan nporH6 HX (npoBa3) ne MeHee qeM na 0,7
MM.
OBHHa acTHna roBeHoro nepeKmqamero IўoHTaKTa o-
a Tb pMOfi, apH KaCaHHH pa3MbiKamero KOHTaKTa OHa OHa apo-
rH6aTbC B cpee a 0,5 M, npH 3aMbIKaHHH 3amKammero KOHTflKTa
Ha I2 MM. 3a3op emy HeHOBHHM H HOBHHbIM KOHTaKTaMH O 
eH 6bITb OKOO 2,5 MM, a y pe3e, paSoTammHX c BY-200,--1,5 MM. Hpn
MeeHHOM oayCKaHHH n3yHmepa qacoBofi MexaHM BMeCTe CO cTpe3KOfi
o3me BepyTbCn B HCXOHOe no3omeHe.
Pe3e THHOB 9B-l12--B-142 H 9B-l14--B-144 Ha aaapeHH ll0
220 B HMeT acKporacHTe3bnym RC-aenoqKy, aK3mqeaaym napa3e3buo
O6:vlOTKe leKTpOMaI'i414Ta peze (pi4c. 2.8) a o6zernammym pa6oTy KOHTaK-
TOB, I]yCKalOttII4X pete BpeMei414.
ECJIH B pe3yibTave 9IeKTpi4qeCKI4X I4Cl]bITai414. 6ylev ycTaI-IOBleO, qvO
BI){MI cpa6aTbIBai414fl I4e COOTBeTCTByeT IIoKa3ai414M IKaIbl, TO c,qejlyeT
Oca(HTb BHI4Tbl, Kpenuli4e tuKay, I4 nOBepi4yTb ee B I4yYAI4OM I4ai4pflBe-
Hr. ECH me pete cpa6aTbnaeT 3Haqi4Te]IbHO MeJii414ee HJIH paa6poc
Bi)e:leHi4 cpa6aTbIBaHi4fl 60me I4OpMbl, TO clelyeT CI4ITb I4 pa306paTI qa-
PI4ў. 2.8. CxeMb 9IeKTpi4qeCKI4X coeII414ei414fi pete cepi4fi SB-100 H -DB-200:
a--SB-II2, B-122, B-132, B-142; 6--9B-I13, 9B-123. B-133, B-143; o--
B-ll4, B-124, B-134. B-144; ў--9B-215, 9A-225, 9B-235, 9B-245 (rips. I'IpIITII-Iy-
TOM nKope); O--B-217, B-227, B-237, 9B-247; e--B-218, 9B-228, B-238, B-248
COBOI Mexai4143M pete, ya3li4Tb rp3b I4 cTapyIO CMa3Ky KI4CTOtIKO,r4 t qi4C-
TbIM 6ei4314HOM MapKi4 Faaoma FOCT 443--76, IlpOMblTb Bce leTaII4 14 Bbl-
cyUJaTb  I4X, TpyIIIec leTa314 I4 TBroBy npyKi414y CMa3aTb TOI4KI4M eJOeM
aca--no OII40-Be KaIIII4 Maca MapKi4 BHHH MI-I-I-4MO (FOCT
13374--67). I-Ioce c6OpKI4 mexai4143Ma tlpOBeplOT BpeMI cpa6aTblBai4
I4, B cyqae I4eO6XOI4MOCTI4 IIpOBOIT noperyi4pOBKy npi4 IIOMOIII, H
rOBOfi IIpyi411hl.
}aevpneў[cne npoaepn pete cepnfi B-100 }i B-200. I-[pOaepIIOTCn

70
poeepa u uacrpoa peeuo annapavgpt Pa. 2
§ 2.4 Pe.ae peeuu 71
HIIgeCKHe HeHcIIpaBHOCTH, HaylagHe
Fpg3a HIH OTCyTCTBHe CMa3Kg  na-
co,ore Mexag3me; B TOM cyqae
Tpe6yeTCH npoBecT peB3g3 qaco-
noro Mexag3a.
Pete BpeseaH ў MHKpO,BHra-
Te'IflSH. B pete cepHH E-52 H BC-10
IIpHBO)IHbIM MeXaHH3MOM caymav
cHaxpoHHbIe MHKpO)IBHraTe3IH, a B
peae THnOB E-512 H E-513--IBHra-
Te3]H IIOCTOHHHOFO TOKa, cHa6:eH-
HbIe yCTpOICTBaMH JIH aBTOMaTHqe-
CKOrO HoepaHH IIOCTO$tHHOI tla-
CTOWbI BpamerIH. l-IpH HOMOmH pe-
yKTOpa Bpatttearle Hepe)laecH Ky-
38-215K BY-g00
PHc. 2.9. CxeMa coeaHeaHfi Tpex-
0a3aoro peae BpeMeHa C BY-200
31aqK)BOMy MexaHHSMy, KOTOphII
yHp.BHeT KOHTaKTaMH. Peae HMeeT SJIeKTpOMarHHT, yHpaBHmH ceH-
JIfllOIlHM MexaHHSMOM. Fiocze cpa6aTblBaHHH KOHTIKTOB C HaH6OJIbe!?I Bbl-
)lepmKOfi BpeMeHH clIeRHaJIbHbl!?l KOHTaKT OTKJIlOqaev eKTpO)IBHraTe31b OT
IIyCKOBO!?I cxeMbl, a IiOC/le HCqe3HOBeHH yHpaBHmuero cHraa o6eCTOqH-
BaeTC IeKTpOMaFHHT ctleneHHH H npyKHHa BO3BpaulaeT pete B HCXO)IaOe
aOJIO:KeHHe.
Ha pHC. 2.10 IioKa3aHa KHaeMaTHqeCKaH cxea pete BpeMeHH C MHKpO-
IBHra'TeJeM aa .i]pHMepe pete cepHH BC-10. H3MeHeaaeM Haqa31bHoro nO-
JIO:IeHHH )IHCKOB CO IiIKaJo BpeMeHH H yi]opaMH, IIepeKllOqaIOUlHMH i]pH
IIOMOIII, H Ky31aqKOB KOHTIKTbI, MOIHO 3a)laTb yzoe BpeMH cpa6aTmBa-
HH pete. I'Ipe)leb peryJIHpOBaaHH ycTaBOg oHpe)IeHmTCH i]epe)laTot/HbIM
tIHCJIOM pe)lyKTopa.
JIeKTpHqeCKHe CXeMbl pete BpeMeIIH IIpHBeleHbl Ha pHC. 2.11, a Texan-
teCKHe laHHme  B Ta611. 2.6. I-IycK peJie MOev ocyIEeCTBJIHTbCH KaK paa-
eJIbHbIMH KOMaH)IaMH )IJI 931eKTpO)IBHraTeJIH H 31eKTpOMaraHTa ceHae-
HHH, TaK HOT O6IEel llenH. B IIepBOM cJIyqae o6ecrle'-IHBaeTc 66JIbma TOq-
HOCTb cpa6aTbIBaHHH BO BpeMeHH, qTO MOeT IIMeTb 3HaqeaHe )IJIH MaJIbLX
BpeMeH, a TaK:e 6oee 6blCTpbI, BO3BpaT peae.
I'IpH peBH3HH peae c MHKpO)IBaFaTeJIHMH cepHf[ BC-10, E-52--E-500
caeyev o6paulaTb BHHMaHHe Ha pa6oTy MexaHH3Ma ceaaeHHH: npH nOR-
TIIPHBaHHH BpyqHylO KOp aeKTpOMarHHTa cRen31eaHH pe)lyKTop o31:eH
Ha)IeKHO Ct]IeHaHTbCH C HpHBO)IOM Baaa, ynpaBJ;H)ero KOHTaKTaMH. l-lpH
OC,rla6JIeHHH MaXOBHqKOB ,HCKOB CO IIIKaJIaMH yCTaBOK TH ,HCKH )IOJI}KHbl
aerKo nOBOpaqHBaTbcH Ha rJaBHo OCH. Ior)la cenaeHHe He pa6oTaeT, )IHC-
KII CO mKaJIaMH )IOJIKHbl BpaIEaThcH H TOJIKaTh KyaqKH H,rIH )IpyrHe yCT*

72 Ilpoepxa u nacrpoaxa peveanoa annaparypbt Pa3l. 2 § 2,4 Perle epeenu 73
)aeKvpqecKe acnvaaaa pete. llpoBepBeTCB HaIIpBmeHHe cpa6aTb]-
BaHH,q 33IeKTpOMarHliTa CllelI3IeHHlt H pa6oTa IIpHBo)la IIpH lonycKaeMOM nO-
tiHmeHHOM IiallpmeHHH. FipoBepKy BpeieHH cpa6aTblBaHHlt pete, B TOM
qHc3Ie H Ha pa6oqHx yCTaBKaX, npn Bpeienn cpa6aTblBanna He 6olee 20 e
MO:KHO IIpOH3BOHTb IIO qacaM C ceKyH%HOA cTpeJIKOfi, a llpii BpeMeHl
MeHee 20 c- ceKyHloiepo nO CXelai pc. 2.4 n 2.5.
+!,+I 44 -H +I

74 17poeepўa u nacTpod.xa peaenofi annapaTgpbt Pa3l. 2
§ 2.5 ,.9erpoaetturttbte npoexcyrott-tbte pe..e 75
U MOroiterlliblX peze BpeMeSS peKoMeliyerca aa Kamofi ttelia )le-
ngth cBoo yCTaBKy cpa6aTbmalisa (ecali aro OIIyCTSMO 170 yCaOnSM pa-
6Orbt CXeMbI), a ec3III IIcnoabayoTca He nee Iteliii, ro IIa caO60HbrX Iteng
nOCTaaHrb IIaa6oabmlie ycTaaa (6oabme, qeM apeMa cpa6aTaaalia pa3-
Mbmaom, ero OIITaKTa B Iteliii aaeTpOBiiraTeaa), IIo e paa61iaofi no Bpe-
Menli cpa6aTbmanafl, qTO6bl aaeKTpO)lBsrareab II no3BpaTrlan npyiiHa lie
YA. I
o
10 9 8 7 6 E
1 2   5 6 7 8
YA  8)
1 2.  z/ 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
PliC. 2.11. CxeMbI aIeKTpliqecKiiX COeAIIHeHSf[ peae BpeM.e}III c MSKpOgIeKT-
pOABiiI'aTegl gMii:.
a--E-52; 6--E-512 s E-5]3; 8--pezle ceprft BC-10-31--BC-10-38; e--BC-10-62--
BC-10-68
6bIa HarpyKelib IIepeKJ/oqeHiieM O)IHoBpeMeHHO IIeCKOJIbKHX KOHTaKTOB.
13 HacTogllee Bpeig 3aBO)lbl npliCTyliiiJH K BbllIyCKy pete BpeleHii C 3JeK-
TI)OHHOI7I SoJIylipOBO2HHKOBO CXeMOI. Pe3e CepHH PBOI BblSyCKalOTC,q
rig nepeMerHoe anpg>KCHrle 100--380 B (50--60 Fit) II Ha IIOCTOnH-
HOe Hal]pfl:,Kelise 24--220 B. Peze SMelOT so Z, Ba IIepeKatoqaomsx KOIITaK-
Ta, KOTOpble MOVyT IIMeTb O)lSH S3 caeyroHx )lnalIa3OHOB cpaOaTblBaliiig:
0.1--1 c; 0,3--3 c; 0,I--I0 c; 0,3--30 c.
Peze cepsli PBO3 IIepeMeliiioro TOga IIMeeW Olliii IIepeKzmqaromsfi 5e3
3a'e2esli KOIITaKT II )lBa pa3Mbmaotnx KOSTaKTa, Kowopbe 3aMblKa/OTCg
t;a:4iIblfi C OV21eJIbliO peryiipyeMofi BepKOfi BpeMeliii npn BO3Bpawe
pe,e (OTKJIIOtleliHS salIpKeSH SliTaHSt). Pete SMeIOT wpS SCSOJIHeliii
nO ycTaKa,: 0,15--3; C 0,5--10 C; 1--20 C.
PeryJiipoBKa yCTaBOK cpa6aTblBali!,Ig peJe IIpoHaBO)IliTCg CTyrleliqaTo
C nOiOmblO qbliKClipoBaslig KiiOiiOttlibIX IIepeKdlloqaTeglefi B aymliOM noao-
)wess. Peae paaletttaoTcg B yliiiqbliRiipoBaliiiOM KOpliyce <<Cypa>>.
2.5. 29leKTpOMarHrlTHme npoMemyToqnb]e rl cnrnaaHe peze
]]poMemyTOqHbe peae IIclio31b3ylOTCg 131a paaMiiomeliHg KOIITaKTOB pe-
Jie 3aIS.IIT, BCliOMOraTeoqblibIX KOIITaKTOB KOMMyTaitliOIIIIbIX aliiiapaToB, )lag
ycHJIeHiig (yBedIIIqeliiig MOItI, HOCTH) KOHTaKTOB yCTpOICTB peaefilibIx 3aILtliT,
Yl.q HKCaitHH HJIS yBe31Hqelisa )IJIHTeJIbHOCTH KpaTKOBpeMeliHOrO clirHa31a.
Peae pa3dliiqaloTca IIo IIalipg:eliiilo HJ'IH TOKy, IIO IIadliitliilO y)lep:iiBalOlll, iix
O6MOTOK, IIO IIOTpe6Igeio MOtttliOCTii cpa6aTblBaliiig, MOSliiOCTII (KOMMy-
TaIHOHHOI, CliOCO6SOCTII) II KOJIIIqeCTBy KOHTaKTOB, IIO Bpeieliii (CKOpOC-
TH) cpa6aTbIBaHng H BOSBpaTa (Ta631. 2.7).
B KaqecTBe OCliOBIIblX BblXO)lliblX peae IIIpliMeHglOTCg peae THIIOB PH-23
 PYI-24. TaM, r)le Tpe6yeTca 6oabmee 6blCTpoAeICTBIIe, IlpliMeligIOTCg pe-
JIe-THIIOB PH-211 H PH-212. ECaH cnrliaa OT )leff[CTBHg 3alIlHTbl KpaTKO-
BpeMeHiiglfi II IIe)lOCTaTOqlibI )ldlg OTKdIIOqeliiig BbIKIIOqaTeJle!l BbICOKOI'O
Halipgmeliiig, TO IIpliMelialOTCg BbXOAIIble peae c y)lepKiiBalOtttliMH O6MOT-
KaMII, KOTOpble BKJIIOqaIOTCg IIOCdle)lOBaTeglbliO C O6MOTKaMII OTKJIIOqalOLtI, IIX
3ўqeKTpOMaFIIHTOB BbIKdIIOqaTedleI (peae THIIOB PH-213, PH-214, PH-253,
PYI-255). B peae ceplifi PYI-250, PB-810 H PB-880 HMeIOTCa cliel/iia31b-
sble mafi6bl IIJIII )leMiidpeplible O6MOTKII, KOTOpble 3aMe)lTglOT cpa6aTblBaliiie
iJiii BOaBpaT peae (aH60 a TO H )lpyroe).
EC/II 3aMKiiyTb BblBO,/IbI 9 II I0 peae THIIOB PFI-253, TO Ipli cpa6avb-
asliri peae )leMiiqbeplian O6MOTa 6y)leT aaKopoqelia II peae 6y)leT cpa6a-
TblBaTb C 3aue)laeliiieM (0,07 c), npli aoaapare KOIIraKTb a Itenli eMiidpep-
soft O6MOTKn 6y)lyT paaoMKiiyTbI II 3aMe)laeliiig IIpli aoaapaTe lie 6y)lev.
B peae me Tiiiia PFI-254, IIao6opOT, aeMrlqbepliag O6MOTKa SKJoqaeTCg alimb
spli aoaapaTe, nOaTOMy peae cpa6aTbmaeT 6bmTpee (0,04 c), a aoaapattta-
ezcs aa apeMg o 0,05 c. B peae cepliii PFI-250 ace KOIITaKTbI aerKO IIepe-
cwaaamorcg, noarouy, nepecTaalia KOIIraKTbI a tteliii )leMndpepliofi O6MOr-
Kr, MOKIIO yBedlliqliTb apeMa cpa6aTblaalisg peie PH-254 IIali speMn soa-
paTa PFI-253.
BpeMg aoaapaTa II cpa6aTbmaliiia peae Tiiiioa PFI-251 II H-252 MOmSO
yMelibmliT,, yMelibmlia qlicao ue)lsblX AeMndpeplibm marl6.  peze PFI-251
apeMa cpa6aTblaaliiia yMesbmaeTcg TaKme IIpli6anmeliiieM KaTymKii peae
i< pa6oqeMy Boa)lymsoMy aaaopy.
U peae cepli P3B-810 II P3B-880 )leMiiqbepaMii caymaT aaoMiiiiseaue

DI]- 1/0,25--
DI]-1/7,5
3VI- I/24--
H- 1/220
Pl-1- 23,
PH.24
PH-40
PH-21 l
Pl-I-212
Pl-I-213
PH-214
PH-215
PH-232
PH-233 •
PH-251
PH- 252
PY-253
HanpKe-
24; 48
ll0; 22O
12; 24;
48; ll0;
22O
12; 24;
48; ll0;
220
ll0; 220
ll0; 220
ll0; 220
ll0; 220
ll0; 220
24; 48;
110; 22O
24; 48;
I10; 220
24; 48;
I10; 22O
24; 48;
ll0; 220
To, A
Hanp- I
TOK, A
cpa6aT-
BaHHfl
,25; 0,5;
1; 2,5;
5; 7,5
24; 48;
110;
22O
1; 2;
4
1; 2;]
4
1; 2;I
4; 8 :
1; 2;
4; 8
0,5
0,5 UHO M
0,7 UHOM
0,8 UnoM
0,5 U..OM
0,5 Uno
0,6 Uno
0,6 U
0,5 UHOM]
>/no
0,7 UHo 
0,7 Uo!
0,7 UHo
0,7 U,OM
BO3BpaTa
0,04 Uo
0,04 UHo M
0,04 UoM;
0,8 Io,
0,04 Uno;
0,8 lno
0,04 Uo 
0,7 Uo;
0,03 1o
0,8 Uno;
0,03
0,05 Uno M
0,02 UHo
0,5 Uo;
0,8 /OM
§ 2.5 ,9.ўem'pomaenurnbte npomecyrounbte pe.e 77
npOMeXCyTOqHlX pete llOCOilnHoro 'roKa
BpeMa ,,D, oHycZaeiblfl TOK, A
cpagaTbl- lOaBpaTa,
[},03
0,5--
1,1
KOMMyTalL4H
2'20 B  npH
lqarpy3Ke
Hblfl
10 c)
I0 c)
10 c)
10 c)
10 c)
KOIITaKTHa
1 3.
1 3.
CHCTeMa
43. + l p.
(3. KOHTaKTM
MOHiHO Iepe,ae-
aaT, B p.) ;
PH-24 HMeeT
yKa3aTem, cpa-
{aTBIBaHH C
pyqHblM BO3Bpa-
TOM
4.3. + 4p.
(2 p. MO)KHO
nepeIeawb n
2 a.)
2n.
43.
43.
43.
23.+ 2p.
2 3. + 2p.
33.+ lp.
53.
4
+1 p.

78 Ilposepa u nacTpoga peAe.no, annapaTvpot Pa3. 2
HOMmanbHbIe BenI4q!tmi PIanpaenne Hg]H TOK
THn pene
PII-221
PFI-222
PFI-223
PFI-224
P1-I-225
PFI-254
P1-I-255
PFI-352
POB-81
POB-84
P3B-811
P3B-812
PDB-813
PDB-814
cpa6aTbmaH
Hanpme-
HHe, B TOK, A
1; 2; 4;
8
Hanp-
B
4;8
I
cpa6aTu- I
awwa BO3Bpava
0,6UnoM 0,04 Uno M
0,6UnoM 0,04 U,OM
0,6 Uao 0,04 UaoM
0,6 Uo 0,8 UoM
0,6UoM 0,04Uo M
0,7 UoM 0,65 UoM
0,7 U,,oM 0,5 UaOM;
" O, 8 1o
0,7 UoM --
0,6 Uo --
0,3-- --
0,6 Uo
0,6 Uo --
0,6 Uo --
0,6 Uo --
0,6 Uo --
cpa6aTlo BO3BcPa Ta ,
BaHHR, C
0,25--
1,3
0,15
0,25--
1,5
0,8--2,8
2--3,8
3--5,5
dIHTeab-
nbI
3 211.
3 43.
3, 43.
3 2a. ,2p.
5 3s., 1 p
5 5s. :
5 2 3,, 2 p.2 1,
10 1 3.
10 1 .
I0 3., 1 p.
10 1 ., I p.
I0 1 3., 1 p.
10 1 3., 1 p..

80 Hpoeepna u nacTpoflna peAefino annapaTypot Pa3R. 2
P3B-815
PSB-816
POB-817
PSB-818
PSB-821
P0B-822
P3B-826
P3B-881
P3B-882
PaB-883
POB-884
MKҐ-48
cpa6aTbiBaliHn
Hanpe-
HHe, B TOK, A
12; 24; --
48; ll0;
220
12; 24;! --
48; ll0;
220
12; 24; --
48; ll0;
22O
12; 24; --
48; ll0;
22O
12; 24; --
48; ll0;
22O
12; 24; --
48; ll0;
22O
12; 24; --
48; ll0;
220
12; 24; --
48; ll0;
22O
12; 24; --
48; ll0;
22O
12; 24; --
48; ll0;
22O
12; 24; --
48; ll0;
220
2,5; 8; 0,02; 0,2
12; 24; 2,7
30; 48;
60; ll0;
22O
ydepKHBaHH
Hanpa-
B
HalxpKeHHe HJIH TOK
cpaaw-
BaHH
0,6
0,6 UHOMI
),6 UHor /
0,6 Uao
0,6 UHo
0,6 Uao
0,6 UnoM
0,8 Uno
0,8 Io
Bo3paTa
§ 2.5 cgAetTpoaenuTnbte npomecgTounbte pene 81
1-I poOo.acenue ra6.a. 2.:,7
I BpeMa onyczaeMbfi WOK, A
I
,3
0,20
0,20
0,20
0,20
20
20
23
32
32
32
32
cpa6aTbl- BO3BpaTa,
BaHHgl  C C
0,3 0,25--
0,9
0,3 0,5--1,71
0,3 1,2--2,7!
0,3 2--3,8
0,1 0,16
0,1 0,16
0,1 0,1
0,5 4,5--9
0,5 7--13
0,5 3--7
0,5 5--II
0,035 --
1 2 10
1 2 10
1 2 10
1 1 10
1 2 10
1 2 0
1 2
1 2 0
1 2 .0
I 2 0
1 2 .0
0,25 -- 5
KOHTaKTHaff
CHCTeMa
2 3., 2 p.
2 3., 2 p.
2 3.,2 p.
2, 3., 2 p.
1 ., 1 p.
1 3., 1 p.
2 3., 2 p.
1 ., 1 p.
I 3., 1 p.
2 3., 2 p.
2 3., 2 p.
2--8 
x coqeTanax
6--131

82. Hpoepna u acpogna peetlnoti annapagp Pasz. 
[-]anpfl:,KeHlle H.U TOK
Tnn pe.ne
Hanpa:e- Hanps-
ue, B To A meme,
24; 48; !
12; 24; 1
48; 60;
110; 220
HOMHH a J2bllbIe BPJ1HqHHbI
cpa6aTbmaa yepgnBaln
cpa6aT-
To, A
 O,SUo
0,8
0,81o
1-] p H M e q a B 14 e. B Ta6JaRe IIpBffTl
BO3BpaTa
cleylOlIIe odo31aqell[iS KORTaKTOB. 
§ 2.5 ,gAegTpouaenurnbte npo]aexcyTOUnbte pete 83
HpoOoenue a6. 2.7
BpeMa ,onycKaeMblfl TOK, A
cpaSaTbl- BO3BpaTa,
BaHH, C C
0,06 --
0,035 --
KOMMyTaHH
220 B u np
HaPpy3Ke
THB- aKTHBhO
0,25 --
0,25 --
2--8 B pa3Jlnq-
HbIX COqeT311!4 tX
4--8 B pa3amq-
HbIX coqevaHt{tX
3. -- 3aMbgaoiI4fi, p. -- pa3MbIKaOiI4fi, n. -- nepeKJ3qa311Ufl.
pyKnn pene THIIOB PFI-23, PFI-24 n cepnfl PFI-40, PFI-250, P9B nO3BOI-
IOT JIerKO TO ocyIIIeCTBJIBTb C nOMOIllblO nepeCTaHOBKH 9JIeMeHTOB.
B HopMaJIbHO OTperynHpOBa{HblX pete 3aMbIgaHHe BCeX 3aMbIgalOlliHX
H pa3MbKaHne Bcex pa3MbKalOuiHX KOHTaKTOB OJIIKHO npOHCXOIHTb COOT-
BeTCTBeHHO OIHOBDeMeHO.
OCHOBHbIe laHHbe no HOpMaJbHO peryJHpOBKe BO3]lyIIIHbIX 3a3opoB
T a 6, a R a 2.8. HopMa.baa perynpoBga MarHITHbIX ct4cTe!
a goHTagroa nposemyro,mmx pe.e
Tan peae
p [I-23--PFI-26,
PH-232--P[I-233
PH-251, PH-254
PH-255
PH-252, Pt'I-256
P1"I-253
Pl-I-211, PH-215
P1-I-212, P1"I-213
PH-214
DI-I-1
MKY-48, HD-6
PDB
prl-221, prl-222
prl-223, pH-224
P1-l-225 
3aaop sgopn, MM
IKop IOps
O T Fly i]/,eH HOTH-T
1,6--2,2 0,4
2,4--2,5 0,2
2,4--2,5 0,05
2 0,2
71 >0,25
71 70,25
0,5 --
2,5--2,8 0,5
1 -- neMar- 0,05 --
HHTHag MaPHHTHag
OHTflKTM, MM
PaCTBOp I-I poBa.,I
2 5--3 0,6--I ,0
2,5--3 70,5
2,5--3 70,5
2 70,5
71 0,5--0,5
71 0,3--0,4
0,5 --
--4 1,5
[ 0,2---0,3
3aMKHyTMX
KOHTaKTOB,
H
70A202)
70,15(15)
7o,505)
,0,15(15)
70,05(5)
0,03(3)
0,05(5)
HOPO KOHTK-
Ta aa ynopHym
nacTuHy--20)

84 Ilpoepa u nacTpoa peaeўo annapayp Pa3. 2 § 2.5 9,ўeupoўaeuurne npocecyToune pete 85
14 KOttTaKTOB pete Aaub a Ta6. 9.8. qaCTO, OlffaKo, lfl o6ecneqeH cne-
abbX peMOn pa6oTb CXeMB n  noyqe onpeeenbx n,
Aepe npeMeHn npn cpa6arbBaHnn nan nOBbmenHoro Konnenwa no3.
npaTa onycKaTcn OTgaonen OT npnneenbx annx. Tag, pacTnop
KOHTaKTOB B nenn eMnepnbx O6MOTOK MOHO yMebmHTb O 11,5
a TOrO, qTO6 6iao 6oaee naemnbM eMnnponauue; a noyqeun
6e3o6pnnoro nepegamqenn nenefi Tpe6yewc yMeubmnTb pacTnOp
aeM  yBeanqTb nponaa B pa3MbameM OUTaKTe, Tag qTO6U npo-
naa 6ba 6oabme pacTnopa COOTBeTCTByHX KOttTaKTOB.
Hpn peryaponaunn uanpnenn cpa6aTbBaun nan Bo3BpaTe pafine
neeaaweabuo eOpupoBawb craabnbe npyHbt, qWO nptnon g npe-
enpeMenuoMy nx cwapennm.
 ncex peae, poMe H-I/0,25--H-I/7,5, PH-232 n PH-254, npone.
peTC uanpnenne cpa6arbmaun  Bo3npaTa. Ecan pete nMeeT
BaHe noceoBarebbie (TOKOBbIe) O6MOTKH, TO BMeCTO
BO3BpTa ponepfleTc MHHHM$bHbI TOK
Y pete PH-232 n PH-254 nponepec TO cpa6avaann,
une n vo yepmnnannfl, gpoMe TOrO, nponepewc, qwo npn
1,15 Uo, pe ne cpa6aTbmae. Y pe H-1/0,25--H-1/7,5
c TObKO TOK cpa6aTblBaHH.  pese, ffMeHX cnenabnbm yCTpOfiCTB:
ff 3aMeAaeHu cpa6aTbInaHu Hart OTnyCKaHH, nponepnTC
cpa6aTbIBaHH H OTyCKaHHa.
 OCTabHbIX pete MFHOBeHHOFO efiCTBH 06qHO BpeMeHa pa6oTbI npo-
BepTC B cxeMe BMeCTe C pyrHMH pete np x B3aHMoeCTBHH.
HOCOa6y y TX peae speMea 3aMblga (pa3MbiKan)
rob np cpa6aTbsa  peryapoBKa STYX BpeMe CB3aHbI C pery3-
pOBKO Hanpea a TOga cpa6aTbIBaHH, eo6xoMO Bce H3MepeH
ffpOH3BOHTb nocae peryanpoB KOHTaKTHblX rpynn B c3eaymefi nocaeo-
aTeabOCT: caqaaa npoBepneTc uanpmene (TOK) cpa6aTBa, 3a-
TeM H3MepaTCa H peryapymTc SpeMea 3aMba (pa3Mbaa) KO-
TaKTOB, nOTOM coBa npoBepamTCn anpaee (TOK) cpa6aTbBan
paTa. Ecaa noayqamTCa yoB3eTBOpTbble pe3y3bTaTb, TO p
gmqaeTc B pa6oqym CxeMy.
Ocoe napaMeTpb pene npseaea n Ta63. 2.7. Oaao
O6XOMOCT More napaMeTps MOryT 6Tb 3MeeH Ta, poMe
9H-l, PU-210, PU-220, MKY-48, H9-6 y scex pene npeyCMoTpeaa o
OHOCTb H3MeHeHH KOHTaKTHbIX rpyn.
Y peae PH-210, PH-220, P-230, PH-254 npoepmTC
BObL BKamqeeM ayx a Tpex yaepmamx nocaeoaweabbx (
gOBX) 06MOTOR B noc3eOBaTeaym enoqKy omo yMeHbmHTb COOT
eTCTBeHHo B 2 Ha 3 pa3a OMaabnb TOg yepmBa. 3MeHeH
aqanboro Bo3ymoro 3a3opa 3MeaeT apaMeTp cpa6aTBaR pe
3oBga noBepxocTefi MarTonposoaa  agop peae B MecTe HX CM
KaHHg 3HaqHTeo CHHaeT nanpaee BO3BpaTa H yBeHqHBaeT BpeM
o3npaTa. Ha pc. 2.12 noa3a cnoco66 3aepm so3paTa peae
noab3oaeM pa6oqefi 06MOTKH penes aqecTe eMnўpyme. Ya3a
He Mep MOFyT yBeHRHTb BpeM BO3BpaTa pe3e no CpaBHeHH C a
n, npeaea s Ta6a. 2.7. Ha pc. 2.13 npeaeaa cnean6a cxe
BKmeHH pete  3aMeeHH np cpa6aTBaHHH.
Uocae peryapo pee pa6oTu KOTaTOB nOBTOpO nponep
eTca anpmene (TO) cpa6aTaa, yepmsan a so3paTa peae.
pH 3HaqTe3bHblX OTgaoHeHx B pery3poBge 3a3opoB
CaelyeT OTMeTI4Tb, qTO y Mnornx pete HanpnKeHne (TOR) cpa6aT-
naHt 3HaqtTeabHO He, UeM ya3aHO B aT3OmHIX aHHbX (CM. Ta63.
2.7), nro e Bceraa OnyCTHMO, TaR KaK eCTb onacocw6 aooro cpa6a-
TbaHBS" pehe 3-3a ecnpaHOCT 3oas  CeT onepaTBHoro TOga.
Bo 36emaHe aomHoro OTKeHH OTBeTCTBeHHbIX ene epreTUecx
yCTaHOO np nopee 3oa Tpe6yeTcff, qTo6b Te npoMeyToq-
e peae, aoHas pa6oTa goTopblx Momet npHecTH K OtKaqeHH OTeT-
creHiX yCTpOCTB eproca6me,.cpa6aTsaa np anpsmenx a
OSMOTKaX 9TX peae e Melee 0,6 Uo. Ha6oaee 6aaronpfftbM a-
na3ooM cpa6aTbmas pete no Hanpem caeyeT CqTaTb 0,60,
Ut+om. EcH e HeT BO3MOHOCTH yseHqHTb uanpffmenne cpa6aTbinannfl
pe+e, TO MOHO nOgamqUVb napaaaebuo O6MOTKe peae pe3ucTop conpo-
THBeHHeM Rpe3Rpee, re Rpeae -- nnyvpennee conpovnnaenne O6MOTKH
nanpneHnn peae. Hpn STOM caeyeT yuecTb, TO nogaqennbfi pe3ncTop
yncannnaeT npeM no3npaTa pete.
Cnrnaanoe peae. B ycTpoficTnax peaefinofi 3aTbl  aBTOMaTK
ncaHn n nocaeymme pacmnCponxn nponcmeAmnx anToMawnecxnx
onepanfi npnMenmw cnenaabHie cnrnaabHm ycwpocwna (yga3awen).
Cpa6aTbSae yza3aTea ZcpyeTc BbmaAeeM cnraaboro
a B gegOTOpX THaX  H 3aMbIgaHHeM ero KOHTaKTOB. Ka3aTeH HMeT
almb pyqofi BO3BpaT. OCHOBHe TeXHHqeCKHe aHHb!e CHrHabHX peae
npmeeb B Ta6. 2.9. Bpe cpa6awma caraabax peae e 60-
aee 0,05 c. Hp OCMOTpe caranbbx pene npee Bcero poBepaeTCa COOT-
BeTCTBHe aHHOFO THna peae npoegTy no HOMHHabHOMy TORy H Hanp-
meHH. poBepeTC yCTaHOBKa pete Ha naHe H nnaegae craaboro

llpoaepa u nacvpota pe.etno5, atmapa'ypot Paaa. 2 § 2.5 3Aegrpo,aemtrtte npouescgvo,note pe.ae 87

88 IIpoaepta u nac'pottўa peeўnol annapaTypt,t Pa3a. 2 § 2.6 17o,apu3oaannt,te peze 89
yCTpOfiCTBa npn HaKaTBtt Ha aKOpb peae: Kag nolttHMaeTcfl (3aBOAHTCa)
n qbHKcHpyeTca CHrHaabHoe yCTpO6CTBO. CaeyeT y6eAHTbCa, qTO peae He
cpa6aTbmaeT OT TpHCgn, IIpH yIape Iio naHem. FipoaepaeTcfl TaKxce npa-
BHJ'IbHOCTb KOHTaKTHbIX rpylm (y peae Tnoa PY-21 H PY-21y MOXCHO iie-
peAeaaTb 3aMbiKaiomHe KOHTaKTb a paaMbmamllme) H nmHM (nponaa)
TaKTOB npH pa6oTe peae.
JlegwpqeCKHe npoBepKH peae, Oco6eHHO nocae21oaaweabHoro nKaIOqe-
ItH (TOKOBbe), O6blqHO HpOBOITCn BMeCre CO Bcel cxeMofi
aT peae. )a woro qWO6b! He Hapymawb HpoBepseMyO cxey, )IonyCTHMO
BMeCTO HaMepeH!4a Toga cpa6arbBaHHn pene H3MepTb Hanpn)KeHe peae
np cpa6aTblBaHHH peae H IIpH HOpMaqbHOM IIHTaHHH CXeMbl. Hapagee
npu cpa6aTblBaHHH IOIXHO COCTaBIflTb He 6oaee 80 % HaHpfl:KeHHI IlpH
HOpManbHOM IIHTaHHH CXeMbl (HJIH Icp<0,81no). r pene napaanenbHoro
BgJllOqeHHt npoBepaeTca HanpameHHe cpa6aTaaHHa a COOTBeTCTBHH
c Ta6a. 2.9.
Hoaue npoMeytoqHm pete cepHfi PIll6 (BpeMn cpa6aTaaHH--lo
50 Mc), PIll7 (apeun cpa6atbmaHnn--21o 11 Mc) n PHI8 (c 3aMe21eHH-
e npH cpa6aTmaHHn o 0,25 c n npH Bo3BpaTe IO 2,0 C) MOIITttpylOTCfl
a yHHpmmpoaaHHou gopnyce ўCypa. Peae cepHH PYI17 amycatc
nOCTOnHUOrO TOga, a cepm PYI16 H Pl-I.18--ga lan nOCTOnUHOrO, Ta
H Ian nepeeHHoro Toga.
2.6. lloaapHaOaaHHUe peae
I'Ioaapn3oaHble peae THnO PH-4, PH-5  PH-7" n8aa-
IOTўt BbIXOIHbIMH 3JIeMeHTaMH pa3$IHqHblX peaefiHx yCTpO.CTB. Oco6eH-
ttOCTbIO IIonnpH3OBaHHblX pene IBnleTCI TO, qTO Ha IIOIBH)KHbI IKOpb
pene B HCXOAHblX yCJIOBHflX Ae.cTByIOT CttJIBI IIOCTOIHHOrO MarHHTa, IlpH
IIpOXO:KReHHH me TOga B O6MOTKe peae on Jib1 9JIeKTpOMarHHTa B 3aBH-
PHC. 2.14. BHAbl HacTpofiKH KOHTaKTHblX CHCTeM nO.rlspH3OBaHHblX pete
CHMOCTH OT HanpaBneHHs TOKa CKaaABaOTCS C CHJIaMH nOCTOSHHOrO Mar-
HHTa HJIH BSIqHTflIOTCt H3 HHX.
O65IqHO peae BSIIIO$IHtlOTCff IByXO6OMOTOqHblMH HJIH MHOFOO6MOTOq-
HSIMH, TflK qTO OIHfl (O.HH) O6MOTKfl Hcnon53yeTcI KflK pa6oqas, Apy-
ras (apyrHe)--Kag TOpMOaHaa nan ola--a cpa6aTtsaHHs, a py-
ras -- Aas BO3BpaTa.
Peae B 3flBHCHMOCTH OT lta3Haqeittfl MoryT HMeTb TpH BHAa peryan-
poaoK: uefiTpaabuym HaH iByxno3ulmotmym (pnc. 2.14, a), c npeo6iaaa-
HHeM (pHc. 2.14,6)
pile. 2.14,  noga3aHo etiTpaabHoe noaoKeHe aopa, ora OTCyTCTHyeT
TOg
H HnpaHo, ypasHoHemesL Ecaa HapymHTb paHoHecHe, TO nopb npHTa-
,ewca H Ty Haa aHym cTopoy (peae THHa PFI-4).
ECJIH HelIOABHKHbI't KOHTaKT He laeT aKOpO AOIITH ,[I,O HeiTpaJIbHOfi
nHHHH, TO sKopb IlpH OTCyTCTBHH WOKa B O6MOKe 6yIew OTKJIOHiITbCii
 CWOpOHy Apyroro KOHTaKTa (peryaHpoBKa c npeo6aaaHHeM, peae wmla
Pl-I-7).
Peae Tuna PFI-5 HMelOT TpexIIO3HIIHOHHylO HacvpofiKy, gOTOpal OWnH-
qaeTca OT HefivpanbHOfi TeM, qTO nocae OTKJItOqeHHt TOKa B O6MOTKaX
HpyXHHbI BO3apauLaIOr flKOpb pene a HefiTpaJlbHoe ilOnOXeHHe.
ECaH peae THIIOB Pl-I-4, PH-5 a PH-7 calyaT lala BKJIIOqeHHff H OT-
KamqeHHa Harpy3og B CeTaX 220 B IIOCTOaItHOrO Toga, TO caeyeT yBe-
,HRHTb paCTBOp pa3OMKHyTblX KOHTBKTOB IO BeJIHqHH51 He MeHee 0,45--
0,5 MM,
Peie THIIOB PH-8 H prl-I 1 -- AByXIIO3HIIHOHHble H IIpHMeHHIOTCI
B cxeMax yIIpaBJIeHHI H CHFHaJIH3aliHH B KaqeCTBe BClIOMOFaTeJIbHblX) HO
MoFyT BbIIIOJIHffT5 H CaMOCTOffTeJlbHble qbyHKILHH. TeXHHqecKHe AaHHble peae
npHBeIeHbI B Ta6a. 2.10. Hx O6MOTKH He paccqHTaHbI Ha AJIHTenbHOe Ha =
T a 6 a n It a 2.10. Texuqecgue /anltble peae Pn-8, Pll-I I
HOMHHL[bHO HaIIp  :'Ke=
24
48
110
220
OMOTKH
Con poa-aB/lemle,
O
92
92
310
310
1500
1500
5600
56O0
LI HCL[ O BHTIOB
2000
2000
3600
3600
7300
7300
12 500
12 500
1" p It M e q a H I 1: I. Haqalo O6MOTOK 0603HaqeHo 3HaKOM +)).
2. BpeMs cpa6aTI, IBaHns.- He 6O.,lee 60 MC
3. PaCTBOD Me:'K,y KOHTaKTaMH --He MeHee ],8 MM.
cpa6aTb]Batms, B
> 17
17
34
>34
>77
>77
>155
>155
XOXAeHHe noI Hanps>KeHHeM, H nOgTOMy B ttenH O6MOTOK HMeIOTCt KOH-
TaKTSI, KOTOpble nocJle Cpa6aTSIBaHHH peae OTKdIIOqaIOT CBOIO O6MOTKy.
1-IpH npoBepKe H c6opKe cxeMbl cJleyeT yqHTblBaT5, qTO IlDH Heco6nIoAe-
HHH IIOIpHOCTH IIOAaBaeMoro Ha peae TOKB nocaeaHee He HepeKJIIOqHTCl
H 06MOTKa MoXeT neperpeTbcs. 3a3opi KOHTaKTOB B ttenH 06MOTOg pery-
aHpy)TCS m npeaeaax I--1,3 MM noarHOaHHeM KOHTaKTHblX nnaCTHH.
 peae THnom PI-I-8 H PH-II npoBepsmTC I perynHpyoTcs gOHTagTHIe
3aaopsi (y pa6oqHx KOHTBKTOB 1,8 MM, y KOHTBKTOB B ttenax 06MOTOK
I--1,3 MM). 3f130p MeeKly TOJIKflTeJIeM H IIO}]IBH}KHbIMH KOHTflKTHbIMH IIJlao
CTHHaMH 3aMKHyTSIX pa6oqHx KOHTflKTOB 0,50)8 MM. TOT 3f130p y KOH-
TaKTOB B ttelIH OMOTOK MOmeT 65ITB 6oasme.

90 IIpoeeptўa u nacpota pe.aetnot annapargpot Pa3,. 2 § 2.7 Pete ўouocu 91
HponepKa  HacTpofiga noaapH3onannx peae. Y peae PYI-4, PII-5
n PH-7 poBepaT TOK  anpaee cpa6aTbmana  nocqnTbIBa
MOHOeTb cpa6aTblBaHn: Pcp=IcvUev  MOHOCTb cpa6aTblBaHan Ho
2
woy  copovuaeHn: Pcp:lcpo6.
Hapnenue cpaSavbBannn poBepnmv nO 06bIqUO cxeMe, co6aa
HospHOCTb H noAaBan HanpneHHe TOaqKOM, CTynenMn yseanqnan a-
npmeHne ao cpa6aTbmamn peae.
B cxeMax peaefiofi 3aHrbI RECTO npIIMeHT peae Tnna PH-7 c o-
ofi pa6oefi  OHOfi TOpMOBHOfi O6MOTKaMH. B 9TOM cayae npoepnv
WOK (anpnenne) cpa6aTbmam.m pa6oqefi O6MOTKH npa OMnHaabHOM
(3aaHHOM) TOKe (HanpeH) B WOpMO3HOfi O6MOTKe.
HpoepK HpOH3BOT Ha HOCTOHHOM ToRe, a eca peae pa6oTam
Ha BbmpnMaeHOM anpnennn, TO nposepKy ceyer npo3BOTb or
aHaorHRHoro BblnpMHTe HH yqme Or BblHpMHTe ycrpocrsa,
B KOTOpOM peae ycraoBaeHo.
ConpOTBaeHe 3oan TOKOBeyx Renefi npoepnmT MeraOM-
MevpoM C nanpenneM He 6oaee 500 B. 3oanR peae Rona Bbep-
aTb HCHTae nepeMeHbM anpneeM 500 B OTHOCHTebHO Kop-
nyca, 150 B Meay 06MOTKaM H 350 B Mey KOHTaKTaM (npn 3aBO-
CKO peryanpoBKe 3a3opa). Ecn KOTaKTbl oTperynpOBaHb an pa6oTS
 aennx HanpnenneM 220 B, TO KOTaKTbl CnblWbIBaT nepeMeHHbIM Ha-
npnenneM 1000 B.
HefiTpaabe peae PH-4 (PHB-4) MOmO orperyanpoawb an
6owbI c npeo6aaaneM. an TOrO HyHO epeBecw pynHy nKOpb peae
npn owcywcrB TOKa B O6MOTKaX pe BaeBo, T. e. o 3aMsKannn
oro KOHTaKTa C enobM, o6o3naenbM . Ocaa6Tb
Hfi 3aM MKpoMerpecKoro BHTa aeBoro HenoBHOrO KOHTaKTa
H 3aBHHTHTB 3TOr BHHT O Tex hop, nora HKops He nepe6pocTcn s npo-
Tnonoaomnym cwopoHy H He 3aMKHeTC ens npaBoro KOHTKTa
O6o3naqeHn ----H naocnr na goaoKe BbmOOS peae. B STOM no-
aoennn nob 3aKcpoBawb BT aeoro KOnWaKra, ocaa6nwb
poMeTpecfi BHHT npaBoro KOHTaKTa H, Bpaan ero BeBO, oTpery-
pOBaTb HeO6XOnMb paCTBOp Meay nOBHHbM H eHOBbM KOH-
TaKTaMH.
En Tpe6yeTcn n3 peae PH-7 (PBH-7) HoayHrb peae efirpaabHoe,
TO HOCTyHamT B O6paTOM nopne: cHauaaa OTBOHT aeBbfi KOHTaKT ,
UWO6bI ngopb enKcnpoBamn  aeoM n npaBoM noaoennx, n peryanpy-
% Heo6xonMSm pacwBOpbl. 3areM npoepnmv paBeHCTBO TOKOB cpa6a-
TMBaHHH mBoro n npaBoro KOHTaKTOB, noaBan HanpnmeHnn pa3Hofi
noanpocw B oy  Ty e O6MOTKy peae. Heo6xoMO TaR OTpery-
poBawb noaomennn nenonnbx KoHTaKTOS, nrO6bl npn 3aaanHOM pa-
CTBOpe (0,45--0,5 MM) TOK cpa6awsmaHnn peae BaeBo n Bnpaso 6 OR-
HKOBM.
2.7. Peae MOIHOC, TH
P e Ji e M 0  H O C T H  )TO Bel]OMOraTe]bttoe pete, KOTopoe pearH-
pyeT Ha Hanpaee MOIKHOCTH B nepBo. eH OTHOCHTeJIBHO MecTa
yCTaHOBKH 3alIiHWbl. O.HHM H3 aKHefimx noga3aTeaefi peae lBJIiewcI
yro MaKCttMa,2bHOfi qyBCTBttTe,2bttOCTtt q)., pH KOTOpOM ,,riI cpaSaTb-
BertHS pete TpeSyeTc MHHHMaBHaR MOIKHOCTB.
B HaCTOStRee BpeMI BblnycKafOTCa peae MOIKHOCTH HHyKI/HOHHO
CHCTeMbI cepHH PBM, peae c qbH.bTpaMH TOKa H nanpsxeHHs o6paTo
nOC.eoBaTe.bHOCTH THIla PMO/I-2 H peae c TOKOBOt IIOIap3aHefi THIIa
PMYI-272, a TaKKe peae aKTHBHOfi H peaKTHBHOfl MOtKHOCTefl THHOB
PBM-275 H PBM-276, KOTOpbm aHaSmTCS opraHaMH, KOHTpOapymmHMH
3HaeHe COOTBeTCTHyomefi MOmHOCTH H CeTH IlepeMenHoro TOKa.
Pea MexaHwmcKofi acvm Y peae cepfi PBM H PMOYI npose-
peTCS CHO6Oanbfi XOI 6apa6aHRa, paHnoMepocTs 3a3opa (0,4--0,5 MM)
H OTCyTCTBHe 3aTHpaHHt 6apa6aHqHKa o IIOdlOCbl 3,2eKTpOMarHHTa H cep-
]LeqHHK. 3a3opbI Mexy noocaM  6apa6altqHKOM ,O3DKHBI 6blTb qHCTBIMH
14 CBOfOAHbIMH OT IIblJIH. Bapa6aHqHK )IO.XeH HMeTB BepTHKaJlbHbll IIOqbT
7  2 o
PHc. 2.15. PeryanpoHa KOHTaKTOB peae cepHH PBM:
a -- ўowvnn c.cTeMa; 6 -- peryanpoa nnero gOHVW; a-- peryanposa
nepxnero KOHTKTa
0,2--0,3 MM H OTCTOHTb OT HHKHefl onopHo nIaCTHHbl cepAeqHHKa Ha
1,5--2 fM. Tpasepc noaBnmHoro KOHTSKT8 H 6apa6aHqHK He
npoBopaqHBaTbCS OTHOCHTeJIbHO OCH.
Oco6e Tpe6oBaHHa IlpeI%aSamOTCa K peryanposKe KOHTSKTOB peae,
IIOCKOabKy llpH ManoI MOLIIHOCTH cpa6aTbIBaHBI IIOBOpOT 6apa6aHqHKa
peae IIpoHcxoAHT c Maofi CKOpOCTbIO.
YroI HCTpeqH noHHmax 1 H nenoHxnx 2, 7 (pHc. 2.15)
TO aoaxea COCTaIaTb 25--30 ° (peryaHpyeTca nepeMemeaHeM oaoiKi 3
B a3ax 4 ocoaaa 6 c HepxaHM 2 H aXaHM 7 enosHmMH
TaKTaMH H IIOIBH:KHbIM KOHTaKTOM I, 3a3ophI oamsbl 6bITb OIHHaKOBbI-
MH, HO 1 MM (pery.HpyeTca BHHTaMH 5 B KO.OAKe), 1-IoaoxeHHe XBOCTHKOB
OaTagTHbX niacTHa H ylIopo HelIOSHmHblX oaTaTo noa3aHo aa
pc. 2.15,6 H e. COMeCTHStfi XOA (cgoabxeaHe) goavaTo npa 3aMbl-
KaHHH OJXKeH COCTaBJIaTb 0,8--1 MM. KOHTaKTHe I1oBepxHocTH IOKHbl
6blTb qHCTbIMH H 6JIeCTiLIIHMH.
Y peae THa PMYI-22 B KaqeCTBe HCItO,qHHTe,qBHOFO peaefiHoro opra-
Ha Hcnoab3yeca noaapH3osaHoe peae THna PYI-7 (CM. § 2.6). PaCTOp
3MbIKaIOIKHX KOHTaKTOB peIe THIIa PH-7 IOJIXKeH 6blTb He MeHee 0,45
0,5 MM. Peae peryaHpyeTca c npeo6aaaHHeM, T.e. npH oTCyTCTBHH TOKa
B O6MOTKe peae HKopB peae 3aMbIKaeT ieIIh peae /--/-/ (npaBoro KOHTaK-
Ta), pasMsma iells /--J/. EcaH peae caMo He nepeaoaeTcs, TO peryaH-
pOBKa IlpOH3BOHTCI, KaK yKa3aHO B § 2.6.
3aeKvpqecKe ttўiIlvaBa. r peae MOIIIHOCTH npoBepIIOTCs: lloTpe6-

92 IIpoeepna u nacrpoana pe.eanofl annapar/pbt Pa3. 2 § 2.7 PeJte .,lfOlll'lOЈTU 93
THH
PBM-171/1
PBM-271/1
PBM-171/2
PBM-271/2
PBM-177]l
PBM-277/I
PBM-177/2
PBM-277/2
PBM -17/1
PBM-27/1
PBM- 178/2
PBM-278/2
PBM-275/1
PBM-275/2 •
PBM-276/I
PBM-276/2
PMII-272/I
PMFI-272/2
q,.n' rPaa
--30
--45
--30
--45
70
70
70
5,8
5,8
5,8
5,8
5,7
5,7
5,7
HoTpeTe-
une aene
nanpne-
aHa, B. A
4O
35
40
35
35
35
35
A
70 5,7
70 5,7
70 5,7
70 5,7
70 5,7
0 5,7
0 5,7
90+3X5 5,7
9O±3Ч5 5,7
180(1PH) 7, 9, 8,
0 (2pn) 10
180(1PI-I) 7, 9, 8,
0 (2PH) I0
35 1
90 5
90 5
90 1
90 1
25 5
25 1
30 5
30 1
-- 1
-- 5
YIovpe6e-
HHe aenefl I
TOKa, H0o-
aee, B. A
10
10
10
10
I0
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
5
5
5
5
10
l0
npoH3omao nepecpea O6MOTKH peae. FIocae ycTpaHeHHH caMoxoa no
TOy npoepeTcs HaaHHe (OTCyTCTBHe) caoxoOa no nanpcenuto, 
qeo Ha O6MOTgy HanpeHHs Iloaewca Hanpn<eHe OT 0 gO ll0 B. EcaH
CaMOXOJ1 nO HanpsmeHHm ogaevcs 3HaqHTeabHbM H ycvpaHsewc 3aTHo
;ofi npyHHb! Ha yro 30 °, TO ero yCTpaHH}OT Tag me, gaK caMoxoI OW
woKa. ҐcWpaHeHe caMoxo21a o HanpseHm MOeT CHOBa BBI3BaTb ca-
MOXOI nO WOKy, WO wpe6yeT npoBepgH.
CaMOXO, no TOgy MOHO yMeHbmttVb Hall CoBceM ycTpaHHTb, eca]
OOMOTKH HanpaeHn He 3aKopOTHTB, a IIO]],KJIIOqHTB K peaucTopy C CO-
[tKTHBtIOe, OM
47
47+180
47
47+180
39O
39O
39O
390
180
180
180
180
1500+2600
1500+2600
1500+2600
1500+2600
eMKOCTHOe
2Ч4 MK), 250B
2X4 MK, 250 B
2Ч4 MK), 250B
2Ч4 MK), 250B
4Ч4 MKQ, 160B
4>(4 MK(1), 160B
4>(4 MK(p, 160B
4Ч4 MKў, 160B
I0; 0,5. 3Xl MKQ
I0; 0,5'- 3ЧI MKў
10; 0,5
10; 0,5 3XI MK
3X 1 MK
MOIHOCTb cpa6aT-
amm I. IHOM'
3
4
0,6
0,8
3
3
0,6
0,6
1
1
0,2
0,2
10--500
2--100
10--500
2--100
0,14A
0,7 A
13.
23.
13.
13.
23.
13.
23.
13.
23.
13.
23.
1 3., 1 p.
l 3., 1 p.
13., lp.
1., lp.
23.
23.
HpOTHBJIeHHeM, paBHIM aKTIIBHOMy CoIIpOTHBeHHO BTOpHqHOfi O6MOTKH
TH nmc coHpOTHBJIeHHe COeIHHHTeJIBHblX IIpOBOIOB. ECH HeT IaHHblX
HO qbaKTHqeCKOMy 3HaqeHI410 coHpOTHBIeHHI yKa3aHHOI IIeHH, TO MO:,KHO
IpHMeHHTb pe3ilCTOp CoIIpOTIIBJIeHHeM 0,4--0,50M (qbaKTilqecKoe coIIpo-
THBIeHHe Ren 06qHO 3ilaqilTeIbHO 6OJbtue). ECIH CaMOXO He ycTpa-
HIeTCH, TO Oil ilpoepeTc np 3aTIse ilpy>Km IO yra 30 °.
B Kpa.HeM cynae lOnyCTilMO OCTflBHTb CflMOXOI, He BbI3bIBflIOILI, ii 3aMbl-
KaHHH KOHTaKTOB pete. CaMOXOI ilo ilflilpHiKeililfO y pete a 3flIIiHTbI
OT Melya3ilblX 3aMIIKaHil.4 It IlO TOgy }IJII 3flIllttTbl OT OIHOI)fl3HbIX 33-
M5]KaHttfi Ha 3eMatO He MOryT BbI3BaTb JIOKHOPO cpa6aTbIBattil 3aIKtt,
a TOJIbKO CKfl3bIBfllOTCI Ha qyBCTBHTeJIbHOCTII 8al.ilTbl. Ha CaMOXOle peae
CKa3blBaeTCI no3oxceHue II03IOCOB MflI'iiHTHOf CilCaeMbl peae, OIIlflKO yCT-

94 Ilposepa u tacTpo,.a peeo,. annapaTgpb Pax. 2 § 2.7 Pete ,OUOCTU 95
0
0
8
i
O- 2O
0
I
ci
JRI R2
PHc. 2.16. HpoloaeHHe

96
17posepa u nacrpota peeo annapargpt Pa3l. 
paHgTb CflMOXO peryJmpoBgofi IIOJIIOCOB }IoIlyCTHMO JIHIiIb OllbITHOMy
MexaHHKy.
f[poaeptca 3obt OeCTaUa peAe IpOH3BOAHTCa O2,HOBpeMeHHO C HpO-
BepKofl OIgOIlOJltpHbIX 3a}KHMOB H orlpeleJleHHeM yraa MaKCHMaJIbItofl
qyBCTBHTe36ItOCTH (pHc. 2.16). K oSMoTKaM ToKa
BO/'J,T COOTBeTCTBytotKHe HOMHHaJIBHBIe TOK H HanpsKeHHe H HaMepmoT
yPJ1bI q)! H (2, IIEH KOTOpbIX pete COOTBeTOTBeHHO 3aMblKaeT H pa3MbKa-
eT KOHTaKTbI.
3OHa 2,efcTaI4l pe3e q----]q--qh[. Ґro3 MaKcHMaJIbHOfi qyBCTBHTe3b-
IIOCTH M. -- 2
PeKOMeHAyeTc npoBepHTb yra 3  .,  ffplI I]3MeHeHHH a3ooro
cBra OT 360 0 0L p 3TOM yr 3, onpeAeeae np H3MegeHg
yrOB OT 0 O 360   OT 360 ° O 0, AO ffpaKTHqeCKH COBnaaTb.
3oa pa6oTbI pete Aoa 6Tb paa 175--180 °, a yro MaKCHMab-
HO qyBCTBHTebHOCTH He AoeH OTHqaTbCa OT aOMHgabHOrO (CM.
' Ta6. 2.11) 50ee qeM a 5 °. B TOM cyqae perynpoBKa pete CqTa-
eTCOBeTBOpHTebHO, a MapKHpOBKa BbIBOOB HpaBHbHO.
Hpoeepa ySCT6TebgOCT pete (MOHOCTH cpaSaTbBaaHg Pep}
HpOH3BOHTC pH . H pH HOMHHflBHOM TOKe pete. OHOBpeMeHHO
npoBepaTC ganpeHHe H MOHOCTB BO3BpaTa s H KO3HHeHT
BO3BpaTa k, KOTOpbIfi AOeH 6bITb
Pcp  ]ao Ucp; P  ]tm Un; kn  Ps/Pcp.
Hpoaepa apemeu OecTaUn pete npOH3BOHTCg B cyqaax, zorAa
TO Tpe6yeTcg Aa gaaKH CXeM 3aHT HH aBTOMaTHKH. BpeM cpa-
6aTbIBaHH pete 3aBHCHT OT MOmHOCTH, nOABeAeHHO K pete. EcH HeT
CeKHabHblX yKa3aHH, TO ceyeT npoBepHTb BpeM pH 5 Pcp H I0 Pcp.
Hpoepa paSoTbt goHTagT08 pete pOH3BOHTC pH MOHOCTH Ha
pete 1,2 Pep  np Px, pao
Uo Imax  9Uo I0
Pmax  4K I KU ,  Pmax  Kup.TK I ,
rae ImaxMaKCgMabgbIfi pacqeTgfi TOK K3 np Meya3HblX gO-
BpeeHHX; U0 H Io  paCqeTHe nanpaeHHa n TOK HyeBO HoceAo-
BaTebHOCTH pH OaaOaaHoM K3; Ku,.--KO3HKHeHT TpaHcopMaKH
TH c O6MOTKaMh, COeHHeHHbIMH B pa3OMKHyTfi TpeyrobgHK.
poBepKa BeeTca B coSpagHOfi cxeMe npH HOMHHflbHOM onepaTHB 5
HOM TOKe. KOHTaKTbl OH 3aMKaTbCa 6e3 BH6paKHH, HcKpeHH H OT-
6pOCOB, a np OTKqeHHH (c6poce MOHOCTH) He OHO 5bITb
paa KOHTflKTOB H 3anaaa pete a ynopax.
Hpoaepa noeOeuun pene npu c6poce 06paTuO ouocru. Hpoae-:
paeTCff, qTO np OHOBpeMeHHOM OTKqeHHH O6MOTOK HanpameH  TO-
Ka, COOTBeTCTByHX 10 cpmax, H a3OBOM CBHre
pete ae cpa6aTbmaeT. YKa3aaa npoBepKa npo3BOTCa B OaOfi cxeMe,
3aHTbl; eCH ae gpaTKOBpeMeHHbI ToqoK HpH c6poce
HOCTH MOeT BbI3BflTB cpa6aTBaHHe 3aHvbl, TO
He Mepb; yBeHqHBaeTCa paCTBOp KOHTaKTOB, 3aTarBaeTCa
a eCH 3TH Mepbl He HOMOFflT TO BBOHTC 3aMeAaeHHe 3aT.
§ 2.7 Pe,e mOUnOCTU 97
N. 21no
re P=Up[p; Io--HOMHHaJIbttbI. TOK pete; N--Uric.rio BHTKOB 06MOT-
KH aBTOTpaHcopMaTOpa, K KOTOpblM nOBOnTCS Hanpee (p
KqeHHH uanpagea K BblBOaM 7-8 N=100, g BMBOaM 9-14 N=69
 T.A.). o yCOBHaM TepMHqeCKOfi CTOfiKOCTH OamHO co6amAaTbcs yc-
aoaae N>60.
HoperyanpoBKy MOmHOCTH cpa6aTBaana MOHO HpOH3BOAHTb
TaKOfi cnapaasnofi npymaa  npeaeaax 150--200 °.
Y peae Tuna PBM-276 npa- nOMOmU gonecaTopoa CI. C2  C3
H pe3cTopo RI, R2 ycTaaBaBaeTcs 3aabfi yroa MagCMaabOfi
qyBCTBHTebHOCT ...
Hokum no3ynpoBoKoe peae anpaaaea MOOCT PMll
HMeT yroa MaKcMaaSOfi qyBCTBHTeabHOCTH--305 ° H 455°; a pe-
ae PM12--yroa +705 . Peae HMeDT caeaymmae UOMUUaabum napa-
MeWp: Uaou=100 B; Io==1 A a 5 A. as aTas noaynpoBoaa-
KOBbI 9eMeHTOB CnO3b3ymTCS a60 nepeMeHe apmene aH TOK,
a60 UCTOqUaK OCTOUUOrO nanpeus 110 aaa 220 B. Y peae PMll
 PM12 OTCyTCTByeT CaMOXO KaK nO TOKy, Tag  O aanpsmeam. Peae
paaMeamwcs B yaўaupoaanoM Kopayce ў<Cypa,.
7131

98
Ilpoepa u nacpoa peeno annapayp Pas. 2
2.8. Haaaaa yCTpOfiCTn anapnfinofi, Texnoaornqecgofi,
npeynpeneabnofi n KOMaHHO cnrnaanaaunn
Ha 9aeKTpOCTaHIlHaX H IIORCTaHILHflX IlpeRyCMaTpHBaIOTCfl caeaymm14e
ildecTb BHjlOB c14rHanH3alLHH, K Ka:qiAOMy 143 KOTOpblX IlpeRbaBaaIOTC CBOI
Tpe6oBa1414I.
1. CBeTOBaI c14rHan143allHa HOaOKeH14a KOMMyTa-
R H O H H bI X a II II a p a T O B BblIIOIHIeTCfl ByXJIaMIIOBOI: oRHa aaina --
cBc.meno, Rpyraa--<<Ornmeno>>. J]ainbl iOryT CBeTHTbCfI (CBeTJIhli
LK14T>>) 14JItt 6blTb HopManbHO IloraRIeHHbIiH (<<TeiSbII [KHT>>). 1-Ip14 TeMHOM
§ 2.8 HaaOa ycrpotcTo cuenauaauu 99
3aL14[ 06 OTKJIOHeHHH OT HOpMaabHOrO pe)KHMa BbIHOaHfleTC[ aHaao-
rliq140 TeXHOaOr14qecKo aBap14HO c14rHaaHsal114H, HO 3BOHKOM pyroro
weM6pa.
5. CBeTO3ByKOBaS BbI3bl BHa I C14FHaJIH3aRHfl (p14c.
2.18) BbIIIOJIHIeTCI C HOMOLU, bIO ILeHTpaJIbHOFO 3ByKOBOrO CHFHana 14 CBe-
TOBOFO Ta6no, rio KOTOpOMy oIlpeeJIieTCI PY Hn14 LR14T, Kya BbI3bIBa-
eTCa eypH, H 3anoMHHammero yCTpOCTBa (yKa3aTena), yCTaHOBne.-
HOI'O B COOTBeTCTByIO141eM HyHKTe
06%eKTa, no KOTOpOMy onpee-
nleTcI HeHOCpeCTBeHHaI npH-
tiHHa BbI3OBa.
6. KOMaHHaa curHa-
.rI H 3 a Ii H 9I CO 3ByKOBblM BbI30-
BOM H CBeTOBblM14 QbtiKCHpOBaH-
HbIMH KOMaHjlaM14. KOMaH)Xa AOa o
mHa qbtiKCHpOBaTbCI O)IHOBpeMeH-
HO 14 B IIyHKTe llp14eMa KOMaHRbI,
14 B I]yOKTe llO)IaqH 14 CH14MaTbCfl
C nyHKTa np14eia.
Hpn anaanae cxeM n npoBep-
Ke MOHTama o6patRaoT BnHMa-
ue Ha ceymee.
Kam,. BH)I CHFHaOIH3aiiHH
OnKeH o6ecneqHsaTb BbInOaHe-
He smmenp14BeeHHtX Tpe6oBa-
H.
oa}KeH 6blTb o6ecneqeH HO-
CTOIHHbL KO14TpOJIb HcIIpaBHOCTM
IlgleI IIHTaH14I ncex ycwpo.CTB
CHFHan143a. ILHH. rIpH 9TOM CaMH
Ilel]! KOHTpOJI[ OJDKHbl n14TaWb-
PHC. 2.18. CxeMa B3MBHO c14ro
HaaH3aK14
CgI OT 14eaaB14C14MbIX OT KOHTpO-
HpyeMX uenei% 14CTOqH14KOB (OT pyro rpynnu npeoxpaHHTeae/%, Hau OT
pyrx aBTOMaT14qeCK14X BbKamqaTeae/%, HJI140T pyr14x yCTpOIICTB
JIH3flKHH).
OnKHa 651Tb 06ecneqeHa BO3MO)KHOCTb IIOBTOpHOFO )Ie.CTB14fl 3By-
KOBOFO c14rHaaa lip14 IIOflBJIeH14H HOBO He14clIpaBHOCTH, aKe eca14 He
y.cTpaHeHa, , He14ClIpaBHOCTb IIO pa14ee IIoJIyqeHHbIM c14rHaaaM, a 3ByKOBOI
cHr14aa CHAT eKypHbIM 14a14 aBTOMaT14qecK14 (peae BpeMeH).
CBeTOBO. C14FHaJI (Ta6JIO) )IOJU*KeH CH14MaTbCfl n14111b IIocJie JIHKB14o
aRHH IIp14qHHbI II6RBae14HR cIrHaaa, a Ta6ao KOMaHjlHOI c14rHaa143ailn14
MOKeT 6bITb norameH0 anmb B MecTe np14eMa KOMaHjlbI.
OamHa npeycMaTp1414aTSCa 803MOm14OCTb aep.oH,ecgo
HCHDBHOCT14 3ByKOBOiI cHrHaJI143ai11414 14 BCeX aaMn C14FHaJIbHblX TaOao,
a TgKe BO3MOXkHOCTb OTKaIOqe14Hfl OTjleJIbHblX yqaCTKOB Kenefi CMrHaJIH-
3aHH aa OTblCKaH14S MeCT llOBpeKeH14a 143OJIflI14H. Eca14 KJIIOtI14, llpH
nOM6H KOTOpblX npO.SBOaTCS npoBepKH Ta6ao H pyr14x tlene c14r14a°
nH3aI114H, He o6aaamT AOCTaTOqHOI?I KOMMyT14pyIOIIle. CHOCO6HOCTbIO, TO
cneyeT ycTa14aBa14BaTb c14et114aab14e KOHTaKTOpbl J11460 Ron6aH14TenbHbie
pene, KOTOpble 6yyT nepeKalOqaTb Ken14 no rpynnaM (yqaCTKaM) CHrHaa14.
sa141L KOMMyT14Pymmas CIIOCO6HOCTb yKaSaHHblX KOHTaKTOpOB 14 pedle
OnK14a llpOBepSTSCa pacqOTOM l OIIbITOM.
7*

100 l-lpoaepna u nacrpoana peneanoa annaparypot Pa3a. 2
Pe3HcTop51, KOTOpble BKJIIOqaIOTCfl B IlellHX rlOCJleOBaTeJlbHO C JIaM-
HaMH, EOnKHbI COOTneTCTBOBaTb KaK HanpaKeHm HHTaouefi CeTH, TaK
H MOHOCTH aMn. pH npoBepKe HpaBHbHOCTH Bb6opa pe3cTopa ce-
yeT pyKOBOCTBOBaTbC caeymmHM Coo6paeHHaMH.
I. a 06ecneqeHH HTebHOFO CpoKa Cay6b aMH CHFHaH3aHR
B pemHMe HX ropeHH TOK B aaMne He oameH OCTHFaTb HOMHHflbHOFO
3HaqeHH ame npH HOBblmeHHOM HaHpmeHHH B CeTH, R nero coHpOTHB-
eHne pe3ncTopa, OM, OaHO 6bITb
Uo -- 0,8U
Ran = 0,81a "
Fe Ue  HOMHHabHOe HanpmeHe CeTH; Ua H Ia HOMHHaabHble Ha-
npameHHe H TOK naMnbI.
ECaH Ha aaMe o6o3HaeHa MOHOCT
OM, paBHbIM
Uc -- 0,8U
Ran = 0,8P/U
HoMHanbHa MOHOCTb pe3cTopa Pno, BT, AOaHa 6NTb Me MeMee'
Pno  Rp 1 a P.oM  Rp 2
2. a pescTOpOB, qepe3 KOTOpNe nyCKaDTCS peae MnyabcMo cMr-
HanHsa (epe3 Hx noaeTc HanpeHe a HHKM EHA, EHP,
Ta6a. 2.12), conpoTBaeH.S, OM, B6paTcs 3 yCaOBH:
aS peae PHC-92, PTII-04, PT-I2
Ue
Rz, e
aa peae PHC-92M, PT-ll-01
Uc
R.c  .
O6m,HO as ceTa 220 B Ra.e=800+1000 OM
3900 O aa peae PMC-92M. HOaHaaHaS omaocr, BT, OaHa 6*
He MeHee
Pn.c
pM CO6aDeHHH 9THX yCaOBH o6ecneqHBaeTcs onyCTMMM
ae PMC-92 TOE 5 A (npeM o 20 ўraaos c TOKOM no 250 MA Kamm) ,
. as peae PMC-32M, 3Tll-01 TO 1,5 A (npeM Ao 30 crHaaos nO
50 MA aamfi).
WMebmeHe conpoTBaeH.s Rn. no CpaBHe c pac.eTHM, C O'
o CTOpO., nOBNmaeT aegOCTb cpa6aTBaHfl peae MMsyabCHO]
cMrHaaM3a OT AaHHOFO craaa, o, c pyro CTOpOH, 6CTpO
maeT BXOHOe yCTpOCTBO pe
§ 2.8 HaaaOna ycTpOaCT8 cuenaau3auu 101
T a 6 a H  a 2.12. HaHMeaosaane  Mapgnponga mHHOK S cxemx
CHFHaaH3aHH
HaHMeHOBaHe mHHOK, HX o6pa3oBaHH pHMeqaHHe
O6o3aa-
+Јc
-- EC
EA.H
--EH
EHP1
EHP2
EHP3
EHP4
EH.T
EHA
EHA.T
(+) EP
EPD
+EP.T
EPD.T
EHL
EA
EAH
® EC
• EH
]-HHHKH ynpaBneHH <<-{->> H <<-->>, OT KO-
Topbx HHTaIOTCg{ enn ynpaBneHHS, 3aIIIHT
LHHKH l]aHeJIbHble CHFHaJIH3aIHH IO-
KJIIOqaIOTC nepeKJIIOqaTeJieM BblOOpa nH-
TaHHg{ (SH) K mry HOCTOgiHHOFO TOKa
IHHKH CHFHqJIH3aU.HH. KaYKblI?I yqac-
TOK o6paayeTca nocne nepeKaOqaTeaa
OTb*CKaHS aeMaH (SNG), aBTOMaTqec-
KOFO BbKnIOqaTeJI yqacTKa, KOTOpII IIO-
IUIIOqeH K LUHHKe EAH
I//HHKH 3ByKOBO npeynpenTeabHo
CHI'HaaH3aKHH 6e3 BbHtepYKKH BpeMeHH
TO YKe, HOe BbHtepYKKOI BpeMeHH
I.LIHHKa 3ByKOBO BSI3hIBHOI CHFIIfl,rIH3a-
TO YKe, HO TeXHOJIOFHqecKOI CHFHaJIH3a-
IHM
I//HHKa 3ByKOBOI aBapHHO CHFHaaMsa-
KHH
TO ўe, HO TeXHOJIOFHqeCKO CHFHaJIH3a-
[[/14HKa MI4raHI4l, yCTpOICTBO MHraoiKe-
ro CBeTa
I/IHHKa c%eMa MHraHHS aaMH Hoaoe-
HHS BNKDRaTeae
[[IHHKa MHFaHH TeXHOOFHqeCKO CHr-
HaaH3aHH
IIIHHKa c%eMa MHraHHS TeXHoaorHqeC-
KO CHFHaaH3aHM OT peae Ha KHOHKH
C%eMa MraHa
ILIHHKH npoBepK aaMn B Ta6ao OT KaD-
qefi ffpoBepKH aaMn
BC[IOMOFaTeabHble 1LIHHKH
To me, co6pame
I.LIHHKH 3aKnrariHa aaMII OT peae aam-
raana UTa (P3LI)
HyCK peae HM-
[ly,rlbCH OI CHI'HanH-
3flILHH
To Ke
B paaaHtHbX PY
HyCK peae
nyabCHO CHrHaaH-
3flKHH
To ace
CHFHanH3a//HS
aBapHIHOFO
KAIOqeHHR
To
FIepHoHqeCKaS
npoBepKa HcnpflB-
HOCTH aMS
[IpH TeMHOM IKH-
MHraHHe Ta6ao
rexHoaorHqecKofi
CHFHaH3aHH

102
FlpoaepKa u tacTpoO.Ka peszeO.toO, annaparvp,t Pa3R. 2
KaeT AoIIyCTHMOe KOJIHqeCTBO npHHHMaeMblX CHrHaOB (T. e. MeHee 20 Hall
30 CHrHaJIOB COOTBeTCTBeHHO).
/BTOMaTHqeCKHe BblKJItOqaTeJIH B Ilel]ax CHrHa$1H3aRHH OJIKHbI 5bITi
oTCTpOeHbI OT MaKCHMaJIbHbIX Harpy30K, KOTOpble BO3MOKHbI. HaHSoJbIlla
Harpy3Ka o6blqHO BO3HHKaeT npH opo6oBaHHH CBTOBOFO Ta6o.
I']pH BblSOpe HOMHHOJIbHOFO ToKa aBTOMaTHqeCKHX BKtOqaTe$1efi 3a-
IIHTM H AHOOB BbIi]paMHTeJIbHOrO yCTpOICTBa i]HTaHHa enefi CHFHaJIH-
3fiIlHH 3a pacqeTHI ceAyeT NpHHHMaTb TOK, KOTOpb noTpeSa)T aaM
Tfi6IO IIpH HX oIIpO6OBaHHH. TO Ke OTHOCHTCa II K KJHOqaM HJIH peae
(IOHTaKTOpaM), KOTOpe HenocpeACTBeHHO 3aKHratoT JaMnbl IXpH Onpo60-
BHHH.
i]poBepKa yCTpOCTB CHrHaIH3alLHH [IpOH3BORHTCa B caeAymet o6,e-
l) poBepKa aeMeHTOB yCTpOfiCTB IleHTpaabHOfi CHVHaaH3alLHHH: KHOo
IIOK, Ta6$1o, K$1tOqeI, pe$1e, XHOOB, aBTOMaTHqeCKHX BblK$1tOqaTe$1eI, pea-
CTOpOB, KOHReHCaTopoB It T. If.;
2) IpOBepKa MHHOK CHrHaIH3atiHH H HX cBa3ef;
3) aaaRKa oTReabx yCTpOfiCT (nCTOHHKOB nnTaHHa, yCTpOfiCT.
MHraHlla, yCTpO.CTB HMnyabcHo. 3ByKOBO. CHrHaaH3aHH, yCTpOICTB npo-
BepKH HCIIpaBHOCTH $1aMI Ta6JO, 3aKHraHHa l'eMHOrO IHTa) H IIpOBepKo
AeCTBHI 9THX yCTpOICTB OT KHOIIOK, K$11oqeI H IIpH HMHTaIHH CHrHa$1OB;
4) npoBepKa H uaaaKa HHHBHya$1bHblX H rpynnOBblX CHrHa$1OB.
lpH IIpOBepKe hUHHOK CHrHaH3aRHH cJeyeT qeTKO IIpeCTaBJaTb
ua3HaqeuHe KamAofi ILIHHKII (CM. Ta6. 2.12), Bce 9$1eKTpHqecKHe CBaaH
OHOHMeHHbIX ILIHHOK H y6eHTbCa B OTCyTCTBHH IIpaMblX CBa3el MeeKly
pa3HOHMeHHbIMH ILIHHKaMIi.
Ha pHC. 2.17 IIOKa3aHbl yCTpO.CTBa MHraoero CBeTa, aBaoHeca
O.HIIMH H30CHOBHbIX yCTpOCTB B cxeMax CHrHaaHaaum Ha pHc. 2.17, a
nepHoAbI MHraHHa peryaupyTca BpeMeHeM epa6aTbIBaHHI H aO3BpaTa
peae c 3aMe$1eHHeM (HaIlpHMep, pete K, CM. pnc. 2.12). Ha pHC. 2.17,6
H e B KaqeCTBe pete K1 H K2 IpHMeHatOT apocTe MrHOBeHHble peae, Ha-
npHiep PII-23, MK-48. 3aMeaeHHe cpa6aTbmaHtlS  BOSBpaTa peae El
H K2 peryHpyeTca ao6opoM eMKOCTe KOHeHCaTOpOB C1 H C2. B Ka-
qeCTBe KOHeHCaTOpOB B IIpHBeAeHHO CXeMe MOKHO IIpHMeHSTb 9$1eKTpO-
JIHTHqeCKHe KOHeHCaTOpti Ha pa6oqee HaIlpaKeHHe 300 HJIH 600 B B Ce-
TAX 110 Ha 220 B COOTBeTCTBeo.
OT KOHTaKTOB peae KI Ha K2 B CXeMax pHC. 2.17, a, 6 3aropamTca
Bce aaiabI, KOTOpble aOKamqemi K mHHKe iraHHa (+) EP Hall (+)
EP.T. 3T peae Bo3BpaualoTca ў 3aMe$1eHHeM H MeIeHHO pa3MbIKalOT
ea,  eCaH K mHaKaM (+) EP (EP.T) aOAKameo MOrO aaMa, TO
KOHTaKTbI peae oropamT  6cTpo BblXOaT H3 CTpOa. BO H36emae
9TOPO IlpH 3HaqHTeJbHOI Harpy3Ke peKOMeHyeTCa yeTaHaB$1HBaTb OIIO$1-
HHTeJIbHO peae ](3, KaK IOKaaHO Ha pHC. 2.17, e, He HMeOLRee 3aMeAae-
HIta, a ecJIH efiTb CBO60Hble KOHTaKTbI y STOrO peae, TO HX BKJItOqaIOT
IIOCJIeOBaTeJIbHO.
S HHCTHTyTe cTeaoaaeKTpOnpOeKT* paapa6oTaHa eCKOHTaKTHaa cxe-
Ma MHraHHa (6e3 aeK_TpOMeXaHHqeCKHxpeae). TOK 3axHraHHa aaMIl IpOXO-
HT epea THpHCTOp V1 (CM. pHC. 2,17, e), KOTOpM yapaBaaeT 6aOK-
reepaTop BF1, pa6oTammH MeCTe C BF2  mymeM pemHMe. Craaii
a EF1 tt EF2 nocTynam OT aaammero reHepaTopa 3F, KOTOpbI Ba-
CTpOe Ha qaCTOTy 1 FI.
[IpH apoBepKe Ta6ao  CHrHaIbitbIX laMIl yCTpOCT crHaa3au
§ 2.8 HaaOa VCTpOCTe cv2nausauu 103
05paaeTca BHHMaHHe tia KaqeCTBO KOHTaKTOB aa KOKOae aaM, Ha
BHabHOCTb B6opa BeTa CBeTOHabTpOB H qeTKOCTb BMHOaHeHHa HaAH-
cefi B aMnoBMx Tafao. KpoMe npOCTMX OHO- HaH ByXaaMHOBMX Ta6ao
THHa TCB B cxeMax TeXHOaOrHqeCKO CHFHaaH3aHH TaM, Fe qaCTO
HMeT MeCTO BpeMeHHMe HaH AaHTeabHMe HOCTyHaeHHa CHrHaaOB O pa3-
HqHX HapymeHHaX HOpMaabHOrO pemHMa pafoTm OTeabHMX yCTpOCTB,
pMeHalOTCa Ta6ao Tna TCC-66 a TCC-M.
Pe3HCTOp npoBepamTCa Ha HeaOCTb, COOTBeTCTBHe COnpOTHBaeHH
HOeKTHMM H HOMHHaabHM aHHMM. O6pamaevca BHHMaHHe Ha COCTOa-
HHe HOOB.
PHC. 2.19. CxeMa BHyTpeHHHX COeRHHeHHI?I It BapHaHT BKJIIOYeHHa Ta6o TH*
na TCC
Ha pHC. 2.19 iioKa3aHa cxeMa BHyTpeHHHX H BHeII/HHX coeHHeHH
Ta6IO THIIa TCC. TH Tafao H naMIlbi B HHX paccqHTaHbI Ha HaIlpameHHe
110 B OCTOanoro ToKa. EC$1H cxeMa TeXHO$1OrHqeCKO CHrHa$1H3aRHH nH-
TaTCa OT BbHIpaMaeHHoro BaIlpameBHa, TO ycTaaBaHBaeTca BbiIlpaMHTea
Ha 110 B aa IIHTaHHa teefi cHrHa$1H3aIIHH. EC$1H HCIIO$1b3yeTc$t 6arapea
HaIlpaYAeHHeM 220 B, TO peKOMeHAyeTca IIHTaTb yqaCTOK TeXHOJIOFIiqeCKOI
cHrHaaH3atlHH c Ta6IO TCC qepe3 ReaHTeIb HanpageHHa, KaK [ioKa3aHo
na fiH. 2.19. YI-apaMewp vaKoro AeJIHweaI npBeeHti Ha pHCyHKe. B Ka-
qeCWBe pesHcwopo Rll, RI2. R21 Moryw HCIIOJlb3OBaWbCa napaaaeHO
cOeAHHeHHbm npOBOaOHe pescvopti THnO FI3-150, FI3B-150. H3 pc.
2.19 HO, qVO 2IeJIltWeJlb noAKamaewca KOHTaKTaMIt peae KI, KoTopoe
cpaSawBaeT ptt ocTyae14tt crHaaa Ha BCnOMoraveabHym mHKy EA

104
rlpoeepxa u nacpozna peeruo( annapayp PasA. 
Puc. 2.20. CxeMa  aaewrpunecux npoBepoK peae PHC-32M
(prec. 2.19, 2.21). Oco6oe BHUMaurle o6pamaeTc ua KaqeCTBO nae
qUCTOTy mTence,abUSlX KouraTOa, UcupaBHOCTS naTpOHOB  curHaab,
HblX laMll.
9,,erpuuecue ucnbtraun, l'IposepeTc ucupaBHOCTb I IIpou3BO
AUTCa peryaupoa lOpu30BauHoro peae KL TuIIa TP3, KaK OUHCbIBa'
zocb Bblme a peae PFI-4 u PFI-5. HpoBepmwca uanpaxeuua cpa6aTl
aauun a ao3BpaTa npOCTUX pete. FIpoaepoTca pete PHC, pOU3BOUTd
peryaupoaa uozpnaonauuoro peze KL Tuna TPM (Tag e, a PFI
n PH-5). '
- Co6moOet-tue no.npnocru. , aoue.me npoBepKu PHC u PT
co6upaor cxeiy, npueleauyo na puc. 2.20 (noa3aH aapuanT KaO
uua peae ua uanpaKeuue 220 B, npa tpyroM UOMUHaIbHOM nanpagen
upOBOA OT UOTeUlLUOMeTpa RPI u BOabTMeTpa uoigaoqaeTc K COOTBe
erBymmuM BtlsoIaM I, 2, 3), oSpaaa SuuMauue Ha co6ameuue.noaffl
HOCTe. 1-1OTeHttUOMeTpOM RPI ycTauaBauaov UOMUUaabuoe HanpameHm

106 Ilpoeepxa u nacTpofia peeoa annaparypot PaaA, 2 § 2.9 HaaaOna ycrpolcra nourpoan USOagUU ceru 107
CTOIHHOrO onepaTHBHOrO TOKa), noKa3aHHbIe Ha pHc. 2.21, a PT-22
(j nepeMeHHOrO onepaTBHOrO TOKa). FaaBa OTJHqHWeJbHaff OCO6eH-
HOCTb 9THX peae OT peae PHC-D2 COCTOHT B TOM, qwo BbIXO,HblMH
MeHTaMH y HHX IBJIHIOTCfl MaJIora6apHwnble npoMeIKyWOqHbIe repMewH3H-
poBaHnSIe peae PFIF-8 (BMeCTO peae TPM), KOTOpbIe He Tpe6ymT peryH-
pOBOK. FIpoBepKH  HCnTaHn THX pete anaaorHnb HcnBITaHHIM pete
PHC no cxeMe pc. 2.20, HO, yHTSIBaS HHyIO BHyTpeHHIOIO CXeMy H
KOaeBgy peae PT, BnemHHe tmnH BMeCTO 3aHMOB 15-16 (PHC)
,oamT a npoaepKH PT COOTBeTCTBeHHO K 3a)KMaM 21-19 (PT),
BeCTO 3aKHMa 11--K 3aKnMy 11 Hart 13 (a cewefi 220 Ha 110 B)
BblHOJIHIIOT nepeMbIKy 21-17; BbXO;I peae BMeCTO 13-14 noKamaT
3a)KHMaM I-3, a CHHMatOT CHFHaJI I'IOKJIIOtleHHeM K 3a)KHMaM 17-15
B)AeCTO 3a)KHMOB 5-6.
Peae PT CMOHTHpOBaHbI B HOBOM yHHfbHIIHpOBaHHOM Kopnyce
pa>> (pHC. 2.22). Peae PT[-ll HMeIOT MOHfbHKaRHH PT-ll-01
PT[-ll-04, COOTBeTCTBeHHO cpa6aTbmammHe OT HMnyJIbCOB TOga 0,05
0,2 A; OHH FOTOBbI npHHHMaTb O 30 H 20 cHrHaJIOB, T.e. oI]yCTHM BXO*
HO TOK 1,5 H 4 A COOTBeTCTBeHHO.
2.9. Ha-atga ycTpofiCTn KOHTpOafl HaOJIflIIHH CeTH
IIOCTOflHHOrO TOKa
KOHTpOJIb H3OJIffIIHH CeTH nOCTOflHHOrO TOKa BblnOJIHleTCI nO CXeMe,
noKa3aHHOfi Ha pHC. 2.23.
1-IpH npoBepKe ycwpofiCWB npoBepnewcn conpowHBaeHHe pe3Hcwopo
R1, R4 H R. 3naqeHHI CoIIpOTHBJIeHH. OJI}KHbI bITb I]O 1000 OM (conpo-
TIBJIeHHe R flBJIfleTcfl CyMMOfi conpOTHBJIeHH. pe3HcTOpOB R2 H R3).
BOJbTMeTp V= HMeeT Be mKabI: HanpgeHH H coHpOTHBJeB,
I]OgTOMy OH cJIyKHT H BOJIbTMeTpOM, H OMMeTpOM. BHyTpeHHee coHpOTHB-
,eHHe BOJIbTMeTpa ROJI)KHO 6bITb He meHee lO00 OM/B.
BOJbTMeTp H peae cHrHaaaatmH KV no6HpaoTc t HaCTpaBaOTC
B COOTBeTCTBHH C aHHbIM'H Ta6JI. 2.13.
HarpaMMa nepeKaoqaTea. t npHHtHnHaabHa cxeMa H3MepeHH
copOTHBaeHH H3OaaHH Oa)KHa COO'BeTCTBO8aTb pHc. 2.23, a H 6. CO-
HpOTHBJeHHe H30IHH cewH, nOKaOqeHHo. COOTBeTCTBeHHO K nOaOKH-
T a 5  H U a 2.13. TeXHHqeCKHe KaHHe BObTMeTpon H peae OHTpOa
HaOHHH nOCTOHHOrO OKa
Hanps-
220
110
6O
48
24
BObTMeTpa,
B
pHMeHseMoe pete
CpaSaTmBaHne
150--0--150
75--0--75
30--0--30
30--0--30
15--0--15
PH-51/M78
PH-51/M78
PH-51/M34
PH-51/M34
PH-51/M34
CoeI4HeHHe
Hanpu-
oceOBaTebHO
HapaebHo
HOCeOBaTeabHO
HocaeOBaTeabHo
apaebHo
32
16
6,4
5,1
3,2
TOK,
2,1
4,2
2,7
2,1
5,3

108 17pooepua u nacrpoaua pe.eanoa annaparypbt Pa3I. 2 § 3.1 Cxe.bt oH.oenua pete nanpao.enua .uoulnocru 109
R+ ' P R_
+ I II -
RZ:R3 R2:R3+R4 I
PHc. 2.23. CxeMa KOHT"
po a3OnH CCTe-
MM IIOCWOHOrO TOga
lqo BbImeiipHBeAeHHbIM dpOpMyaaM MO)KHO IIpoBeptwb rpaypoay
BOabWMeTpa-OMMeWpa Vf H ,,,Kaa HOTeHLHOMeTpa RP.
1-Iocae npoBepKH 9aeMeHTOB CXeMbI, HacTpOfiKH peae CHrHanH3aIHH,
l]OKnIOqenHfl 3eMJIH K BOnbWMeWpy-OMMeWpy H pene HpoBepmw pa6oTy
ctlrHa]H3aIHH 3eMnH HMHTaIHe. yxyxhueHaS H3OJIRI/HH. /Jlfl 9TOrO IIooqe-
peHO K RIHHKaM <<q-) H <<--) IIOIKaOqaOT 3eMnIO qepe3 pe3Hcwophl pa3-
nqHbX COiipowHsneHH. FIOKaSaHH BOnbTMeTpa-OMMeTpa IIO [ugaae OM,
eTpa )IOJI}KHBI COOTBeTCTBOBaTB conpowIBneHHIO IIO)IKaIOqeHnoro pe3l-
cTopa. FipH ConpoTHBaeHHa pe3HcTopa 40 KOM (aYl CeTH 220 B) H Ao
9--10 MOM (aS ceTefi 48--II0 B) On>KeH cpa6OTaT5 cHrHaa <<3eMas
B CeTH HOCTORHHOFO TOKa>>. I-IpH 9TOM cneyeT IqOMHHTB, qTO I]pH
BpeMeHHOM yxymeHHH H3OnIHH Ha O6OHX nonv)cax CHrHan MoKeT IIO-
ZBHTBCFI IIpH 6onee HH3KOM coHpOTHB3eHHH pe3HcTOpOB.
Pa3aen TpeTu
HAJIA,KA HAHPABJIEHHbiX MAKCHMAilbHblX
TOKOBblX 3AII[HT (MT3)
3.1. CXeMb BKJIIO.eHHR peae HanpaBaeHa. MOIIHOCTH
S 3alRHTaX OT MeK,l/pa3HblX K3

110 Ha.aOa nanpao.enntx MT3 Pa3R. 3 § 3.1 Cxegot otctoenu pe.e nanpao.eu gou4nocu 111
3.1. CxeMu BKIIOqeHHfl peae HanpaB.rleHHfl MOIU.HOCTH
u 3aunax OT MeKy@aaHX K3
HaHMeHOBaH.ffe
CXeMM BKJllOqe HHR
90-rpaayca
ToK, HOBO-
 x pete
HanpseHne,
nOBOnMoe
x pene
Ubc
Uca
U_&
Bewropne AHarpaMM
TOKOB H HanpxeHHi
30-rpaRycHan
60-rpycHa]
C BKJIIOqeHHeM
Ha qba3nbe TO"
KH
--Uc
60-rpaycHafl
c
Ha pa3HOCTb
aanx TOKOB
]_ab
I_ca
Vac
1. l]pl4 Tpexqba3HOM K3, ,ByxqbaaItuX K3 Ha qbaaax AB H CA, Oa-
Hoqba3HOM K3 Ha a3e ,4 pete pa6oTaeT qeTKO H Hae:HO.
2. I'Ip Byxa3HOM K3 Ha aaax BC B O6[lIeM cyqae peru He pa-
6owaev, WaK KaK MOMeHT Ha pete 3aBHCHT OT ocwawoqHoro Hanp>KenHI
Ubc, 3HaqeHt/ H a3bI TOKa Harpy3KH B qba3e A Ia.
U X ,
PHC,,3:.I, Cxeua BIL)IIOtleHHff peae
M61HO(TH OT Me>Kydpa3_n_ux K3
PHC. 3.2. BeKTOpHble IHarpaMMbl RJII OIeHKI IIOBeReHHa pete MOmHOC?ll O1'
me>KRyqbaaHblX K3, BKamqeHHoro nO 90-rpaycno cxeme Ha Hanps>KeHe
Uo. o I:
a-- ClIMMeTpHqBOe vpexpaanoe K3:6 -- Aayxpaaoe K3 a pazax AB; 8-- TO ;e lia
Caaax BC; --o ace aa Caaax CA; O--ooCaaaoe K3 ea dpaae A; $--:ro e a
paae B; aў- Io Xe aa qbaae C

1 12 HaaOa nanpaaennbtX MT3 Pa3a. 3 § 3.3 . Koncrpygruanoe abmO,Henue ycTpocra MT3 113
3.2. Cxe[u BKJIIOqeHHfl pe.e HanpaneHH MOIIIHOCTH
Ha dpHJ]bTpbl TOKa H Harp)KeHH
HyeBofi nOCJez, oBaTebHOCTH
B HanpaBJleHHbIX MT30T 3aMBIKaHHI Ha 3eM,rlIo KJII ceTe. c 6OJIB-
mHMH ToIaMH oKnoqba3HOrO K3 (npHcoeKHHeHHI C rJyxo3a3eMJenno.
nefiwpabO l l0 KB . Bbme) B KanecTBe oprana, qbnKCHpymero nanpaB-
ae.,e MOLU, HOCTH B aBapHfiHOM peKHMe H pa3pemamero efiCTBHe 3a-
lL!liT, I.ICrIOJIB3ylOTC HHKyIIHOHHBIe, 6bCWpOKeficwByOm, He pete PBM-177,
PBM-178 . PBM-277, PBM-278, Kowopme HMeIOT q.n=+70  (CM. pa3a. 2,
T6XHHq6CKH ,flHHBI6),
Peae HaHpaJeHHn MOLU, ItOCTH B THX 3am, HTaX BKJoqaeTcn Ha TOg
H HanpnKeHHe HyeBO nOCJeKOBaTeBHOCTH; qTO6BI o6eceqHTB TaKoe
OKKOqeHHe peae, ero BKOqaOT Ha CyMMy qba3HblX TOKOB H HapKeHHfi
(pHc. 3.3). TpaHcqbopMawopm WOKa H Hanpn:eHHa, BKmnenHbm Ha CyMMy
KW
Pc. 3.3. CXeM ngmqeHHs peae MOI1],HOCTIt 3aultTbl, OT 3aMbKaHit. Ha
3eMJllO
qba3Hblx TOKOB H HanpsKeHHit, o6pa3yOT qbHJlbTpbI TOKa  HanpsmeHHm
Hyemo nocaeomaTeabHOCTH H peae mKamqaeTcs Ha 31o  3Uo. pH
TaKOM BKqeHH B HopMabHOM peHMe H pH Bcex Bxax CHMMeTpHq-
Hb]X XByx- H wpexa3HbIX K3 pete He pa6owaew, WaK KaK 3HaqeHH 310
H 3Go, o6ycoB,]eHHbIe B THX cyqax TOABKO He6aaHcaMH, MaH.
Hp OXHOCa3HbIX K3 no HoBpexenHo Ca3e npOTeKaew WOK K H CyM-
Ma TOKOB Tpex a3 B HyeBOM p0Boe, a KOTOpbIfi BKmeHa TOKOBa
OSMOTKa pe MOHOCTH, paBna WOMy a3HOMy WOKy, HapeHHe Ha
OBpexeHHOfi a3e onHmaewc. qWO6 BbIHOHHTB Hbwp 3Uo, BTO-
pHHe OMOTKH TpaHcopMaTOpOB HapeHH TV OXKqamTC o
cxe pa3OMKHy$oro vpeyrobHKa (HCOb3yDTC XOHOHHBHble O-
MOTK, TV c 3a5hCgHMH OSo3HaqeHHMH a--x Ha HOMHHabHoe wopq-
Hoe apeHHe 100 B, CyMMa wpex aaHX HapeHHfi  aTOM cyqae
paB cnenHm aanpeHH Ha noBpeeHofi a3e, a BeKWOp 3 Uo
pa3epuyv na 180 ° no ovnomenm K BeKWOpy HanpeH noBpeaeHHofl
3 BeKTopHmx arpaMM, npBeeHnmx Ha pc. 3.4, BHO, UTO
OaH0ўaUOM K3  3OHe efiCTBff 3aTbI yro p Mey TOOM  nO-
peKeHHOft qba3e 31o H HanplKeHHeM pa3OMKHyTOrO TpeyroJlbHHKa 3U0
.p noapeKeHHH Ha Jn050I H3 qba3 COCTaBJIIeT --100ч--120 °. TaK Ka
spaLamHfi MOMeHT THX pete (CM. pa3. 2) paBeH
Msp = kUp Ip sin (q)p --
re sin(q)p+cў) np q)p=--100+--120 ° eCT seHa oTpEaTeba,
,iOMeUT Ha pete OTp[laTebHbifi ]] CTOpOUy 3aKJ]I4HHBaHI4fl, l'lO)TOMy
oSecIIeqeuHl npanHbHOfi paSoTm pete HanpaBJleUUl MOII[HOCTH uy,rleBOi
nOcJeonaweJbnocwH WOK HJllt HarlplKeHHe ua pete HeOSXOHMO noaaaTb
_Z =_Z o
Ha puc. 3.3 npuaeeHa naHSoaee mnpoKo pacnpocTpaHeHHa CXeMa
noKqenu.pene, nopnufi auao TOKOBOfi O6MOTKH pene 5 nogm-
qeu  noflpuM BMBOaM TpacopMaTopoa ToKa. /'/, nOflpHMfi
O6OKU HanpfleHHn pene 7 nOKmqeH K uenonflpHouy BMBOy pa-
3onnyToro TpeyronbunKa c Mapo B n (K).
3.3. KOHCTpyKTIiBHOe BulloaneHHe ycTpOfiCTB MT3
Hamemue mHpoKoe IlpHMeHeHHe KOMIIIeKTHbIe ycTpo.crBa MT3 am-
nycaoTcs a au;Ie OTlebHmX OUneKTOa, no3aosmmux oCymeCTaSTb:
MrHOaeHHym TOOaym samuTy (TOOaym OTCeqKy) a aayxdiiaaHo
8131

114 Ha.aaOtza nanpao.aenmtx MT3 Pa3,a. 3
§ 3.3 Koncrpytzruenoe ebtno.anenue ycTpoўTo MT3 115
PHC. 3.5. l-lpHHaHnHabHa cxeMa KOMHeKTa K3 9:
a--Kenn nepeeHoro TOKa; --KeHH oHepaTHHoro OCTOHHOrO TOKa;
f8 0----'6--.0  )
BaTebHOCTH--KOMneKT yCTaHaBHBaeTC TObKO Ha naHex THna
1636, B HeM OnOHHTebHO yCTaHOBeH 6OK HTaHH ±15 B 
Hyb-HHHaTOpOB pete conpOTHBeHH--KOMeKT K3 I0 '(pHC. 3.12).
Bce nepeqcneHHe KOMeKT 3amHT npeHa3HaqeH  pMeHe-
cxeMax peenofi 3aIIw Ha HOCTOHHOM onepawHnnoM WOKe Ha-
peHHeM ll0 H 220 B.
0 TpeSOBaHH 3aKa3qHa 3aBO nOCTaBeT yCTpOfiCTBa C HeO6XO-
HMMH npeenaMH perynHpoBaH yCTaBOK: MaKCHMabHa BO3MOHa
PHC. 3.7. l-lpHHHnHa3bHaa CXeMa KOMHaeKTa K3 12:
a-aen nepeMeHoro TOKa; 6--en onepaTnaHoro nOCTOaoro TOKa;
yCTaBKa TOKOBbIX peae 200 A,. MI4HHMa.rlbHaI 0,05 A; MaKCHMaJIbHafl
yCTaBKa BpeMeHH Cpa6aTbIBaIHI MT3 3,5  9 c.  CKamneHa
nOKHOfi pa6oTM 3aU/T Bce BblXOHHe peae KOMILrleKTOB HMeIOT 3MeAne-
HHe Ha cpa6aTbiBaHe.
B KOMIIJIeKTaX K3 9/2, K3 13 x K3 17  KaqeCTBe BHXOjlHbIX peae
HClIOJIb3yIOT peae THIIa PFI-251, saMeaeHHe Ha cpa6aTaHHe y KOTOpblX
IOCTHraeTcfl yCTaHOBKO. MeRHblX marl6 Ha CeReHK. B KOMrIJIeKax I3
9, K3 15 H K3 10 HCIIOJIb3yeTcfl peae THIIa" PFI-253, y KOTOpbIX 3aMene-
HHe 2:OCTHraeTCfl aa CqeT eMIIHpyIoIRHX O6MOTOK. ,[[aft IIpeOTBpaIKeHHfl
JOmHOrO cpa6aTbIBaHHI 3aIRHTbl IIpH eICTBHH pa3pflRHHKOB BpeMfl cpa-
6aTbIBaHH[ C HClIObaQBaHHeM 3aMeneHHfl yCTaHaBJIHBaIOT 0,II--0,14 C,
npH yMeHbmeHHH qHCaa MeHbIX ma5 Ha nO/IHOM HX CHRTHH, npH OTKJIIO-
qeHI, IH eMncHpyIoIIeI O6MOTKH BpeMI cpa6aTbIBaHHI 3aIRHT yMeHbula-
eTC 2:O 0,06--0,08 C.
[ HCKaIOtleHHfl nOBaeHHfl OKHbIX cHrHanoa yxa3aTeJIbHHe pete
nepaofi cTyneHH 9THX KOMIIJIeKTOB [UyHTHpyIoTcs pa3MbIKa}OUlHMH KOH-
TaKTaMH BSIXOAHHX peae.
B KOMnJIeKTaX K3 12 H K3 14 B KaqecTBe BblXORnoro peae ncnoa-
3yIOTC peae BpeMeHI4.
B KOMIIaeKTe K3 14 [IpeAyCMOTpeHa BO3MO}KHOCTI }I3MeHeHHS yraa
MagcHMaabHOfi qyBCTS}ITeabHOCTH peae MOUlHOCT}I KIVi  KIV2 }I3MeHe-
}IHeM COIIpOTHBJIeHHfl pesHc'ro)OB RI x R2: TaK, nnli fIORK3IIOtleHI,[14 .....
H..anoP":'Ketm, OT TV Ha au,ou KOM..qaeK'ra 16-2tn 16-14 q,..=-.-.:)''
,, a [IpH noAv,,moeauH na aasou 16-18  16.12 q..,=--45±5 o,

116 Ha.aaOta nanpao.aennotx MT3 Pa3,. 3
 0
q5 0
2f c
Pxc. 3.9. FIpHxUHnHabxa c'xeMa KOMIIIeKTa K3 14: ]
a -- IeH] rlepeMeHHoFo ToKa; 6-- IeHH rlepeMeHHOl'o HanpaceHHa; e-- eHH onepa-
 KW • KAў . EA2 KA
70
R2 C I
KHq _
290. 22
PHC. 3.10. l'IpHn.nnabHa. CXeMa KOMneKTa K3 15:
a-- en nepeeuoro woKa; 6--eH epeeaoro gapamen; a--en ouepa-
TBOrO uocoHoro Toa; --ena crHaaaa
Pnc. 3.H. FipHnuHnnaabnan cxeMa KOMnaeKTa K3 17:
a--Renn nepeeHnoro ToKa; 6--Ren onepaTBHoro nocTosoro Toma;

118 H a.aaOna tanpae.aemttx M T 3 Pa3. 3
§ 3.3 KotcTpynTumoe eotno.atetue ycrpocTe MT3
Pnc. 3.12. FIpngannnaabgaa cxeMa gOMn3eKTa K3 10:
a--LenH nepeMenHoro ToKa; D--Lena nepeMenHoro nanpHeHH; o--Lena oneg|
TBHOIO HOCTOHHOrO TOKa; gLeHH cHrHaH3HH
iMetomfica MrHOBeufi KOItTaKT peae BpeMeI MOeT HclIoJIb3OBaTb
Ia 05ecneqeH HapaaaeHocT pyrnx 3au/!w.
KOMIIJIeKT K3 15 B 3aBHCHMOCTH OW pe)KHMa paSowr aenefi nanp
Kea aunycKaevc B AByX cnoaleHax peae .nanpaaaeH omoc
HcoaHeHe A--eca 3arabia paccqwaa a BKamqeHe iroA Hanpat!
I19
e 3Uo, paB/oe 100 B Ha BpeM;I Ie 6oaee 1 MH; ncnoaee B--eca
3aLRTa paccqTaHa Ha HTebHoe BKtoqeHHe no HanpaxKeHBe 3Uo,
panoe 1,1 Ueo. Aaaorqo s nyx coiex eycKaeTc  KOM.
eKW K3 10: cnoaee A--aa KpaTKoBpeMeHoro, ncnoaeHe B 
I TeHOrO pexKMa paSoT peae MOII/HOCTH.
TexHqecKe ae KOM/IJIeKTOB MT3 npaee a Ta6. 3.2.
T a 6a   a 3.2. TeXHHqeCKHe ,aHHbe pene HanpanaeHHg MOIIHOCTH
KOMIUIeKTOB .T3
HOMHHaJI'bHbI
TOg, A
M.' rpaA
MHHHMaYI 5HaJ MOIIHOCTb
q)M.tl, UHO M tI IHOM'
B.A
K3 14
K3 15A
K3 15B
K3 10A
K3 10B
I/5
I/5
I/5
I/5
I/5
I/5
--30°:h5 °
__4504-5 °
+700_+5 °
+70°:I:5 o
+70°:k5 o
+70_+5 °
0,9
1,2
0,3
0,9
0,3/1,5
0,9/4,5

120 Ha.aaOna nanpaa.aennotx MT3 Paaa. 3 § 3.4 Oco6ennocru na.aOnu no.sm.aenrnotx satur 121
(pnc. 3.14) peae KW BtrloaHaeT 6aognpyomee efiCTB!4e, Tag gag pa6o-
Taew npu K3 BHe SOH e!CTBHa 3alIIHTbI <<3a CllHHOII>>, y pene Ha 180 °
naMenaeTca 3oHa cpaSaTmBaHUa, yron MagcuManbHoii qyBCTBnTenbHOCTU
CTaHOBUTCa paBHUM q0,a.=+70°+180°=250 °. HcnonbaoBaHHe 5nogupyo-
amx qbyHgtmfi peae IIO3BO01fleT 3HaqHTe01bno llOBBICHTb qyBCTBHTe01bHOCTb
Ii
Pac. 3.13. BiqoaHeH!4e oiqepaTHBHblX tenefi qeTBepTo. CTylqeHH MT3 or
3aMgaHnfi Ha 3eMaO Ilaneaefi DrI3-1636
PHc. 3.14. CxeMa BgaloqeH!4i 6aognpymero peae MOmHOCTH C o6paTHO
IlO3]pHOCTbtO
T a 6 n  tt a 3.3. O6o3HaqeHu AeMeHTOB, BXOAtttnX B KOMneKTb
K3 9, K3 9/2, K3 12, K3 13, K3 14, K3 15, K3 17, K3 10
IeflH flepeMeHHOFO TOKa, lenH onepasHoro IlenH
Hall p I:KeHHI IIOCTOIHHOFO TOXa
B cnpa- B CxeMax B CllpaBoq- B cxeMax B cIIPa- B cxeMax
BOqHHKe 3aBoa-ll3rOo HHKe 3aBoa-H3rO- BOqHHKe
KA1
KA2
KA3
KA4
KA5
KW1
KW2
lPT (PT1)
2PT (PT2)
3PT (PT3)
4PT
5PT
PM
1PM
2PM
KL
KLI
KL2
KL3
KL4
KT
KT1
KT2
KT3
KT4
VD1, VD2
VD3 , VD4
VD1, VDI'
VD2, VD2"
VD3, VD3'
VD4, VD4"
rl l H M e q a H H e. B CKO6gax yKa3allM BaBOACKHe
K3 10.
KH
KHI
KH2
KH3
KH4
KH5
KH6
O60HaqeBH
PY
1PY (PYl)
2PY (PY2)
3PY (P,V3)
4PY (PY4)
(PY
3.4. OCO(eHHOCTH HaJIaB, KH KOMIIJIeKTHbiX 3alH, HT

122 Ha,aOna ttanpaettttotx MT3 Pa3. 3 § 3.5 l-Ipoepca sauu noO ttaepgsўo 123
3.5. HposepKa 3amHT ,no, Harpy3Kofl

124 Ha.aaOna tanpao.aemcmx MT2 Paaa. 3 § 3.5 17poeepKa 3augur noO taep.q3tcotI 125
3y BTOpHqHMx TOKOB HarpyaKH, npoBepamT HanHqHe TOKa He6anaHca B
eBOM npOBOAe a COOTBeTCTBHe O603HaqenHfl uene. CHaTaa H nocTpoeHHafl
B MacmTa6e BeKTOpHafl KnarpaMMa TOKOB COnOCTaBfleTCfl C noyqeHnMM
paHee aHHMH O 3HaqeHHH H xapaTepe epBHqHo HarpyaH Ha KaHHOM
npHcoeHHeHHm HO noyqeHHofi BeKTOpHOfi HarpaMMe TOKOB H HaHp-
ennff KaHnoro peHMa HarpyaKH n pe3yBTaTaM npeKBapHTebHo
CTpOKH An agoro pene HeO6XOAHMO HOCTpOHTB HHH
3HaKa MoMenTa H onpeAeHT 3oHy cpa6aTMBaHH H 3ony 3aKnHnBanH.
PHC. 3.15. BeKTOptiag ,HarpaMMa Harpy3oqHoro pemHMa c 30IiaMI4 cpa6a-
TbIBaHHR n 3aKaHHHBanHn pene OmHOCTH OT MeKjlydpa3Hmx K3,
Horo no 90-rpaaycHofi cxeMe Ha Uў H I,, ўp..,=--45 °
PHc. 3.16. BeTopHaa aHarpaMMa narpy3oqHoro pemnMa c 3oHaM cpa6a-
TmBaHHa H 3aKJtHHHBaHH pene MOmHOCTH OT 3aMMKann Ha 3eM, BK-
eHHoro no cxeMe pHc. 3.3
) )

126 fta,aOa OuCaauu eeuepaopoa, Paat. 4
§ 4.1 1-1punqunbt btno.nenun TOIЈOblX atur 127
()
8TOpHqHble O6MOTKH OHOI H3 rpyn TpaHC-
bOpMaTOpOB TOKa TaKe IOJ'IKHbl 6bITb c06paHla B TpeyroabHnK (pHc. 4.3),
I'IpH 9TOM cOeHHeHHe TpaHcqbopMaTOpOB ToKa B 3Be3y H TpeyrobHHK lO.rl-
:IHO COOTBeTCTBOBaTb cxeMe BKJIIOqelIHI OOMOTOK 3aulHaemoro TpaHcqbop-
MaTOpa. O6blqHO B Tpeyro.rlbHrIK coetHHIIOTCI TpaHcqbopMaTOpbl TOKa CO
CTOpOHbl 3a3eMJIeHHO. 3Be3bl CH.rIOBOI'O TpaHeopMaTOpa .rII HCK.rIIOqeHHI
H3JIHLLIHeFO cpaOaTblBaHH 3aII/,HTbl IIpH K3 Ha 3eM.rIIO B IIHTaou.efi CeTH.
B TOM cyqae TOK oHoqba3Horo K3 3aMuKamTc ro sTopHqHNM OOMOT-
:<aM TpaHcOpopMaTOpOB ToKa, e npoTeKaa qepe3 pete  He B3Ba TeM
CaMbIM ero cpaSaTaBaHH. FIp H30posaHHofl HeTpaH CO CTOpOHbl
3Be3II BO3MOIIHO coeeHe wpaHcdpopMawopoB WOKa B wpeyrobK  CO
CTOpOHN TpeyroKa cooro wpaHcqbopMawopa. OIHaKo B leax OIHO-
THHOCTH WaKOe coeaHee e cnoyeTca. 3aHwHoe 3a3eMeHe
BHOHaeTca, KaK   qbCepemHaofi 3amTa reHepawopa, B Ol-
HOfi TOqKe y Mecwa yCTaHOBKH pete.
CxeMa coee TopHqHSIX OSMOTOK wpaHcqbopawopoB WOKa ,
Tpexo6MOTOqI4blX wpancqbOpMawopoB HpHeieHa a pc. 4.4.

128
H aaOa Oupauu eenepaopoa
Pa3. 4
§ 4.1 lIpum4unt abmo.aneuua TOt;OSbtX 3aUUT 129
" Pnc. 4.2. Hpnnunnnannan cxeMa npoonnofl Anўepenunannofi TOKOI
3aIHT renepawopa:
a-- COeHeHHe TpacopMaTOpOB TOKa C 06paTnofl OpHOCTb; 6  coeRHH
paHcqbopMaTopoa TOKa C RpMofl ROpHOCTb
Ha::eoBatme npH6opa (ycTpoflCTBa) PHT 3T-II 3T-21 3UIT
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
ч
+
+
+
+
ч
ч
ч
+
+
ч
ч
+
+
+
ч
ч
+
+
+
+
ч
ч

130 Ha.aOta Ou[sauuT ee-tepaxopoe, Pa3,. 4 § 4,1 Hpumum, t e,mo.,'meu root,tx sauur 131
IBI C a)
XOAHdl 3a HeOIBH)I(Hhle KOHTaKTbl.
. l  A T'I
t{/l T2
PIle. 4.5. YIpnaHHnansnaa CXeMa ўўepeHunanbnofi 3aI!kHT mHH:
  coeHHeaHe TpaHcOpMaTOpOB TOKa ў npMoff nOflpHocT6;
pacopMaTopo woKa ў o6pavao noapaocTs
Heo6xoMO y6eHTbCS B npaBHnbHOCTH BmnOnHeHHs 3aaeMneHHs TO o
Ox ueefi 3aHIHT. Bo na6e<ae noBpe<e H3MepHTeabHOfi pery-
aHpoBoqHofi annapaTyp Ha BpeMfl npoBeeHHfl HaaoqHx pa6oTaaaem-
flmlafi HpOBO Heo6xoHMO OTCOeHHHTb OT 3eMH C noceymIJiHM ero
HpHcOeHHeHHeM nocne HpoBeAeHHH KOMHaeKCHOfi npoBepKH. 3a3eMneHue
s enax nepeMeHHoro TOKa 3alIIHTM 3111T He HpOH3BOAHTCH. 3a3eMaeHHD

132 Ha.aOna Oudpau4uT eenepaTopoa Pa32I. 4 § 4.2 Hpoaepna u nacrpona Oudp. pete PHT 133
4.2. HpoBepKa H HaCTpOfiKa ,1DldepeHllrlaabHblX peae
c Hac,lmammHMHca TpaHctoprnaToparnH TOKa CepH PHT
i ,
Pc, 4.6. CxeMa npoBepRg !4CrIO,'IHHTe,'IbHOFO opraga peae cepHH PHT
n 3T-11
Pnc. 4.7.,CxeMa nposepKn pene PHT  }13T-11
HanpnKenne Ha O6MOTKe pene H3MepeTCI BOJIbTMeTpOM C sa He
MeI{ee 2000 OM, TOKa  aMnepMeWpOM wna 513/4 nn 525.
HpouepKa MC n nepnqaoro TOKa cpa6aTuaH. arHTOBHy-
Uaa ca cpa6a'rsmannn npoepaeTCa 3n Kamoro nnea 3amnT npn
[aKC}ZaZHbX nTgaX Ha Bcex nCnOnb3yeMX O6MOTKaX. Ha KOpOTKO-
3a:,yrofi 06UOWKe BMCTaBeTCfl 3aanoe 3Haqeuue conpowBeufl
R. UpouepKa HpOH3BOHTCfl HO cxeMe po 47  or CWaOK
5052. SO a6eaane ncaenna opubI pso TOga nnwaHHe A3 peo-
craofi cxeub 6eperc OT nnefinoro uanpneH, a Ha Harpy30HOU
6none K514 ycraon Y5052 ycTanasnaaeTca npesnennoe conpo-
r:eme Ha nan6onbmym O3MOnym no OnyCrnMOMy ToRy
{200, 70 nn 20 OM). Marnnwonyman cnna cpa6awbmana, panan
npoaeennm TOKa B nnee 3aHT Ha CyMMapbm cwanenne BHTKH
B gTOM naeqe, onmna 6wb 1005A. HoperynnpoBa OCyecTB3eTcn
3MeeiueM BeHH Rm. Perynnpoa MC cpa6arsmana 3ueHeHeM
gagpoK HCHOHHTebHOFO opraHa HeAoyCTHMa.
oce WOrO Rag BbICTaB3eH pacewHe nnwKH, nponepnewcn oK cpa-
6arbnan  BO3Bpara A3 amoro naea 3aT. KOgHeHT BO3-
paxa peae no nepBnHoMy TORy MOeT orHqaTbC OT
o3npaxa HCOHHrebHOrO opraa  Ty HH HHym CTOpOHy, TaR KaK OH
3anCIT OT COOTHOeHH Mey yHTHpymHM conpOTHBeHHeM
OHhIM copOTHBeHHeM Z ffCHOHHTebHOFO opraa.

134 Ha,mc)na c)uў3au4ur eenepaT"opoa Pa3l. 4
Pa6oTa KOHTaKTOB pete npoBepaeTca npH IIHTaHHH O)HOI H3 pa6oqHx
O6MOTOK TOKOM OT ],05 Icp aO MaKCHMabHO BO3MOHOrO TOga K3.
HpoBepKa npasHabHOCTH BblHOHeHHfl KOpOTKO3aMKIlyTMX O6MOTOK.
Hatepezcn Tog cpa6aTblBatlHa B OHOM H3 naeq 3aHT HpH paaoiKHy-
TOfi O6MOTKe. Tog cpa6aTbIBaHHa oaeH yMeUbmHTbC Ha 20--30 %.
B cayqae COMHeHH B HpBHbHOCTH BblnOaneHHa O6MOTOK HpoH3BOHTCa
naMepeHHe TOKa B KeH (aMnepMeTp BraqaeTca B paapB BblBOa 9 pe-
te) . pn epBHqgOM TOKe, COOTBeTCTByDeM Ycp=100 A, oTCyTCTBgO
TOga B O6MOTKax yzaeT Ha HX nenpaBabnoe Kaeme.
posepaa aoaOO.ane,va ,aemnocn. KOHKHeHT naenOCTn on
peeaewcn no TOay  HCHOaHHTeabItOM opraHe Sea napymena ero yCTaS-
H.  aTOrO MeCTO gepeMbIqgg 11-12  emI peae saanaec aMep-
Mewp THna 525 Ha npeaene HaMepenHa 0,5 A. gopb peae 3aKHHHBa-
eTC B OTaBmeM OOeHHH. B nepBHqUy O6MOTKy noaeTc TO
COOTeTCTymm.fi .eps,M MC, paHM Fo, 2Fp  5Fp. OT
meHHe TOKOB HCflOaHHTeaboro peae npH 2Fop H 5Fўp K TOKy npH
H 6yAeT KO3HKHeHTOM HaAeHOETH HpH AaHHOfi KpaTHOCTH: 1
kn2 =/2Fcp/IFcp  1,2,
kn5 = 15Fcp/1Fc p  1,35.
OTgaOnena KOHeHTa naaexnocT s cwopony ero
MOryT 6bIWb 06%aCHeHb HeCOOTBeTCTBHeM napaMeTpOB MarHHTOpOoa Tel
HqeCM yCOHaM.  THX pete onycKaeTCn CHH3HTB Tog cpa6aTbBa
pete PT-40 o 0,16 A, OCTaBHB npn STOM MC cpa6awmaHa pasnc
100 A. Ec  TOM cyae KOHHeHT naemnocr 6yaeT ame o I
MU, TO pete 6paKyeTcm
onoannTeaHme npoepKH: '
a) onpeOeaeuue epemenu cpa6arteanua peae HpOH3BOHTCa TO,b
npH BbIBeHHH nOBblmenHoro BpeMeHH pa6ow 3aHWbI B KeaOM. 
ToKax, paBHMX ByX- H TpexKpaTHMM 3HaqeHHflM Toga cpa6aTbBaHH pe
.3iepeHgoe peMa cpa6aTagHa ge oaxo npesbmaTb 0,05 H 0,04
COOTBeTCTBeHHO;
6) xapagrepucrua amaenuquaanun nacoamuuxcz pancўopmat
poe rosa Up=](Fn) CHHMaeTCfl TObKO B TOM caynae, ecati iemTCfl
MHeHHfl B HcnpaBHocTH MaruHTonpoBoa HaH O6MOTOK TpaHcopMaTC
Ha UaHqHe HeHCflpaBHOCTefi yKa3BaT 3HaqHTebHOe OTHqHe ,
cpa6aTbIBaHH a pa3HqHX neq 3aTbI, HeCOOTBeTCTBHe uop
k,2 H k5, 3HaqHTebtlblfi ryz H pe6e3manHe B MarUHTOnpOBO2e. KO
pete 3aKmmHaewca  oTnameM nozoennH. Ha pa6oqHx O6MOT
BblCTaBeTC BO3MOHO 6oabmee qHco BHTKOB (eawesHO BMCTaBI
nCZO STKOB, Kparoe 10). K BBO2aM 10-11 CnOaHresHOrO opr
nO2KmqaeTc BObTMeWp C Rs2000 OM. CHHMaeTC 3aBHCHMOCTb B
pnnoro nanpaxeHn UoOT MC Fa npn KparaOCTX F./Fe, pas
0,5; 1; 2; 3; 5. XapaKrepncrHKa CHuaewc npH pa3OMKyTOfi n i
3augnywofi a 3a2aHoe conpoTaeHHe KOpOTKO3aMKyTOfi 06MOTKe (
H3MeHeHH R OT MnHHMabHO XO MaKcHMaSO eHqHa xapaK
CTHKa H3MeHeTCa He3HaqHTebHO). Ha pHC. 4.8 noKa3aaa 06aCTb
' 3aecs  aaaee o6oaHaqeoHs BbIBOOB H paaeMOB peae yKaaaH B
OTBeTCTBHH C 3aBOCKOfI OKyMeTaHe H He cera npHBeeHs Ha
CyHKaX.
§ 4.3
Hpoepta u ttacrpota Ouў. pe.ae 3T-11
135
200
4.8. XapagTepncrtKa HaMarHmInSaHHa Up=f(F.) HaCblmamHxc
WpaHCqbOpMawOpOB TOga peae cepHH PHT:
1- I(3 O6MOTKa paaoMKlyva; 2- K30MOTKa 3aMKnyva a RH
Pc. 4.9. CxeMa na CHITH XapagwepHcwnKH e=/(K)
B0.qer cyAHTb 06 OTCTpOfiKe OT 6pOCKOB TOKa c allepHolHqeCKO CO-
CTaBoOLRe. XapaKTepHCTHKa CHHMaeTC ]O CXeMe, HpHBeeHHO Ha pHc.
4.9. [IoczoaHH]fi H nepeMeHHfi TOH HoaIOTC B pa3Hue OSMOTKH peIe.
,J] HCgorIOqeHHa BO3MO2KHOCTH TpaHcqbopMaHH HepeMenHoro Toga B eb
nOCwonHoro TOga nTanHe HoceIero 6eperca OT CWaltHOHapHofi aKKyMy-
aWOpOfi 5aTapeH 110--220 B. Ho rioIyttetltlblM pe3yITaTaM cTpotIWCI
XapaTepcwna e=f(K) H cpaHnaeTc c 3aoco (pHc. 4.10).
4.3. IlpoaepKa n HaCTpOfiKa ,RaepeHllHaabHblX peae
c Marnnvnm vopomenne cepnn )13T-I l
B OT,qHqHe OT PHT pene cepHH /13T He HMeIOT KOpOTKOaaMKHyTOt
06?IOTKII, qTO HeCKOJ]SKO yxylmaeT OTCTpOtKy OT TOKOB He6anaHca IIpH
laailqHti aHepHOHqeCKO COCTaB:ISoIKef. I]poBepKa HCnO:IHHTe:IbHOFO op-
raHa IpOH3B0HTCa aHa:IorHqHo pete cepHH PHT.
HPoaepKa OTCyTCTBHI BaHMHO HHJyKIIMM Me,KAy TO tCIO3HMMH H BTO-
PHqIbIMH O6MOTKaMH HpoMemyto.smx TpaHCtOpMaTopds. {poBepgy npoa-
T Ha pa6oqHx OTIIflIKflX TOpMO3HOI 06MOTKH NO CXeMe pc. 4.11.
eMbIqKa 11-1 (Ha pHcyHKe He [loKa3aHa) B tterlH HCnO:IHHTe:I5HOO

136 HaaOKa duqb3au4ur eeeparopoo Paa. 4 § 4.3 UpooepKa u nacrpo(ma Oudp. pete 213T-11 137
opraHa CHHMaeTc. FIoaBaa nooqepeHo B KaKyo TOpMO3nyO O6MOTKy
"IOK, H3Mep!IOT nanpncenne na Bt0pHqnofi O6MOTKe IIpOMeyTOqIlblX TpaHC-
qbOpMaTOpOB BOJIbTMeTpOM C R>1000 OM/B. HaMepenHoe Hanpumenne e
IO21HO IIpeBbItUaTb 0,I B Iipn F=Iw=200 A.
FIpoBepKa /YlC n nepanqnoro TOKa cpa6aTbiaIlnfl. /'VarHnTOBH:y-
ma cn]a cpa6aTblBaHHn npoBepaeTcg I] KaKIOro meqa 3alIHTbl npn
nb6panHbX pacqeTnmx BnTKaX na Bcex ncnoabayeMbx O6MOTKaX. Hpn
Pnc. 4.10. XapaKTepHcTHKa OTCTpOIKn pete cepnn PHT OT 6pocKoB TOKa
C anepHolHqecKo COCTaBJIgIOIIIagi
Pnc. 4.11, CxeMa nposepKn OTCyTCTBH9 BaanMHOfI HHyKIHH Me:y Top-
MO3HOI H BTOpnquol?I 06MOTKaMH
Pnc. 4.13. CxeMa a:ia npoBepan
ropMo3nmx xapaKTepncTnK pene
cepn 3T-11 npn yrne Me<ay
TOKaMH Ip n I, paBHOM nyao

138 HaaOa OuCsauuT eetepaopoe Pa3,. 4 § 4.4 Flpoeeptca saUuTt una 3T-21 139
PHC. 4.14. CxeMa ;IJl npoBepgH TopMo3HmX xapaKTepHCTHK peze cepHH
3T-11 npn yrae MeAy TOKaMH Ip H I,, paBHOM 90 °
FIpoBepga MHnHManbHoro qbCeKTa TOpMO;,KeHHgI YIpOH3BO}],HTCIt npa
yrne Mey paSoqM  TOpMO3HbIM wogaM, paBOM 90120 °. HonyeHne
TaKOrO csnra BO3MOHO npn perynnposaHn WOOS B pa6oqefi n Top-
MO3HO OSMOTKaX OT paaHblX nwax HanpeHfi (pc. 4.14). Ecnn
cxeMa He o6ecnenaew ўTa6HbHOCTH yrna B npeenax 75--135 °, TO He-
OdXOHMO nO&O6pawb nHTaHHe OV pyrnx a3 CeTH HaH nepefiwn  CH-
TH xapaKwepncwnKn np MaKCHMabHbIX BbICTaBeHHbIX BHTKaX Ha Top-
MO3HO H padoqe OdMOTKaX. OyqeHHa WOpMO3Ha xapavepncwna
aonna pacnonaraTSCn Bmme nmnefi rpaHnnnofi xapaTepncwnKn, rapa-
wHpyeMOfi 3aBOAOM (CM. pHc. 4.12).
OOHHTeSHMe npoepKH:
a) onpeOeeuue peeuu cpa6aTbteauu pete anaoro npoBepe
pene cepuu PHT;
5) npoepga OTCgTCrUn 3auuo uuOggquu eOg TOpO3UblU
u 7oputu o6o7au npoegroutx rpaucўoparopo, poHaBOR-
Ma no cxeMe puc. 4.11, ue BblnBneT e6onbmoro paanuu s ucne BUT-
KOB WOpMO3HblX O6MOTOK neoro a npaBoro cwepnefi. nn BblflBneHa
TaOrO e@eKTa no,mOT TOK B ony na pa6onnx O6MOTO, CHnMa nepe-
Mmny Mey O6MOVKOfi ncnoznnTeZnoro pe n Bvopnqnofi 06MOTKO
npoMeyTonoro TpancopMaTOpa, a TOpMO3ny 06MOray orcoennamT OT
HcllblTaTeobHOh CXeMbL B pa6oqefi O6MoTge noAdHpaeTcl TaEO TOE, qTodb:
odecnemmac yOdbfi OTCqeW Hanpemff no BOabTMeTpy, nooqepeo
noAKs]oqaeMOMy K qOpMO3HMM OMOTKaM qeBOFO H npasoro CTCp)gIlefL
M3MeeHtIblў 3HaqeHgg He O3HbI pa3tlqfiTbCg Memxy c060fi 60/lee
Ha 5 0. P 65bmx paaqux HeO6XOAMO O61tTbC X paseHcTsa
HepeK,qeHHeM OTBeTBHtI. CH He yAaeTc AO6HTBC paBeHCTna Ha-
np)sesfi, peae 6payeTcm HaMepemu Hanp(efi nposoAUTCU
eTpOM C R,2000 OM/B;
s) onpede.eue pa6oe TOUU a pueo a,aeuueanu pe.w
OSXOAMO np iosnmmHTe HaxeHOCT, 3uaqlTebtIo OTon;ammeMCa
oT 3aBocKHX AaHHNX. XapagTepcTa HaMarHHqHBaHH
]'paHcopMaTopos CHMaeTc np nTaHHg TOKOM OAHO f13 pa6ouux 06-
MOTOK H HCHOJIB3OBflHttH HCgO3HHTebHOrO pee s gaqecTSe HggaTOpa.
R sToro a mKaae pete OTMenaT no,omeH yaaaaTea, COOTneTCT-
symmHe 60, 80, 100, 120, 135 % nepnoro Tosa cpa6aTbmaHa pete.
3aTeM CnOHgTebHoe pete OTCOeAeTCa OT npOMeyTOqHNX Tpancop-
MaTOpOS  y ero onpeAeUeTCa anpuee cpa6aTNsaHa  Kam-
OFO 3 yKa3aHHNX BbIme nOOeHHfi yga3aTe3. oce
%apagTepHCTHgH HaMarHHqBaHHfl pete (3aBHCHMOCTB HanpeHttfl Ha
aTOpHUOfi O6MOTKe npoMeyvooro TpacopMaTopa OT nepBHOrO
TOKa) nO efi onpeAeueTca pa6oqau Tonga, OTOpau AOHa pacnoa-
raTca B CaMOM aae 3r6a. Ec STO ycose e SbmOeTCS, pete
6payeTcm Hp STOfi npoBepKe anpeHe cpa6aTbmaa pete
o COOTSeTCTSOBaTb AanbIM aasoAa-arOTOSTea (3,53,6 B);
r) npoeepa norpe6euua pete eo6xoAMa aa onpeAeeuu Ha-
rpyaK na TpacopMaTopm TOKa np K3  aoe
3aTN. B TO me peMu onpeeummefi nposepKofi BUeTCa onpee:m-
e npe6eu np K3 e aobL TaK aK arpyaKa na paHcOpMa-
TopN TOKa  aTOM peMe e Aona npenNmaT onyCTMym, qTO-
6N He 6No oHofi pa6oTN a-aa 6omoro TOKa e6aaHca. B
c TeM qTO noTpe6ee O6MOTOK np K3 she
Tpe6eu STYX e O6MOTOK B peMe oAocTopoero
oceAosaTebnOM COeAHHeHHH TOpMO3HOfi  pa6oqefi O6MOTOK),
paaO nOTpe6aemm O6MOTOK  arpyaKy a TpacopMaTOpN Tosa onpe- .
AeT au peMa oanocTopoero nTa. XapaKTepCTSy CUMamr
Ao MaKCMaOrO TOKa K3 s AaoM neue aamTm. Ho noayne-
M peayTaTaM TpacopMaTOpm Tosa nponepumTCU a AOnyCTMym
arpyaKy.
4.4. HpoBepKa ndpdpepeHunaJn, HOfi TOKOBO! aamnTm
Tnna K3T-21 (K3T-23)

140 HaaOKa Ouў3a4ur eeneparop08. Paan. 4
eAHHteTC[ C Heft HCFIbITaTedIbHblM yA.rlHHHTeabHblM 1tlHypOM. OT peryatipye-
MOFO HCTOqIIHga YIOCTO[HHOFO TOKa Ha 3aHMbI 9-10 HOaOAK /71 naaBHo
I]oAaeTc Harp;eHae  BOabTMeTpOM I]OCTOIHHOrO TOKa VI3MepeTC Ha-
lpnxemm Ha mole VD6.2  B rHesax KOHTpOnbHoro pa3eMa X2/la,
X2/2a, X2/3a. 3HaqeHn H3MepeHHlX HanpnxeHfi np SMeeH anpn-
)K(HHg[ Ha BXO,e 3aIIlHTbI B Flp2,dlax 0,8--1,1 UnoM OgHbI COOTBeTTBO o
BtTb C]IeyIOIIlHM ,tHHbIM:
b.ecTo 43MepeHut VD5.2 X2/2a--X2/la X2/2a--X2/3a
HaapxeHe, B 17,2--20 --(12,4+13,5) 4,8--6,5
l-[pit IteCOOTBeTCTBtltt 3Haqetltlft tt3MepettHbIX HarpmeHf HeO6XO2MO
npOBepTb pe3CTOpN 1--4 Ha HX COOBeTCTBe 3aBOACHM AaHHNM
 g3MellTb nooeHe nepeMbueg Ha cra61ITpoHax VD1--VD3  Ao-
xe VD6.1. 3Hauee anpeufi np HOMgHabHOM anpeH
H Mexy rHe3AaM X2/2aX2/la  X2/2aX2/3a caexyew ycwaosrh
BO3MOHO 6H3NHMH K =13 B  +6 B coorsercwseo. Noaoee nepe-
Mbueg cpyc B npowoKoe npoBepm
Hpoeepzercz ucpaOCrb auruoeo Ouoa VD6.2.  woro
blP3 M3saegaeTc  acceTb  Ha sxoAe 3amMrbi M3MeHeTC nop-
HOCTb nosoAgMOrO HanpeH. Ec oA cnpaseH, TO HanpeHe Ha
eco 3aMMaX npM HOMHaabHOM aaue anpe nMTaHM He AO-
mHO npesNmavb 1 B.
Hpu npoepe otxoOuox qene MNN OTCOeAeTCS OT EacceTm.
B BbIXOHbIX HeNX nposepwC cnpasHocwb ROROB, cnpasHOCTb
cporacrebbx gO.TypOs  napaMeTpm bIXOAbx pete.
McnpaBHOCTb AMOAOB VD7.1  VD7.2 nposepeTc aMepeeM x
corIpOTgBNHM B NpMOM  O6paTHOM HaNpaBeHMX OMMeTpOM. 3Mp-
v npo3sOATC n paaOMEHyTOM nepeEawee SX 6ea oTnafiE
XOAOS or CXeMbL uAospeMeo OMMeTpOM nposepercs cnpaBOCTb
BCefi enu c AOAaMg VD7.1, VD7.2. M3MepeH npO3BOATC Ha rhea-
Aax paaeMa X1/9--X1/Oa  XI/9--x1/gc.
McporacўeabNe EOTypb nposepcs ceAyM o6paaoM.
pa3OMgHyrOM nepeauaTee SX or perypyeMoro McvoqHMEa HOCTOH-
noro Toga Ha rHeaAa paaeMa x1/ga--X1/Oa (x1/ga--X1/Sa, x1/ga--
X1/4, x1/ga--X1/5a  3amTbI 3T-23) noAaeTc anpee 100
120 B. OTEaeTC MCTOHME anpeH (nepeaaTeab $2 a pc.
4.15),  epe3 5--10 c BObTMeTpOM C RB2000 OM Ha 3TMX e reaAax
nposepeTc amue OCTaTOUOrO aapAa EoAecaTopa cEporacTeb-
oro OHTypa.
Hp nposepe peae KL1 (KL1, KL2, KL3  3T-23) anpee
OT perypyeMoro HCTOHMEa nOCTOHgOrO TOga noAaeTc ga rneaAa paa-
eMa X1/2a -- Xl/4a (X1/4a -- X1/la, XI/I  X1/la, XI/2 -- X1/la
3T-23). M3MepeTC TOE cpa6aTbIBaH pete, EOTOpblfi ROeH Haxo-
vbc s npeAeax 1--2,6 MA. BpeMs cpa6aTbmas pete Rono 6roTS
He 6oee 8 MC np anpe a EaTymEe pete, paBOM 13 B.
pomfi MCeEyROMep noREmnaeTc E re3XaM paaeMa Xl/9a
X1/Oa (x1/ga--X1/Sa, X1/4, XI/5  3T-23). HpoBepeTC TO BO3-
BpaTa pete.
Hanpene cpa6aTblBag  BOaBpaTa peae KL2 (KL4  3T:23)'.
nposepseTc noAauefi anpses Ha reaRa paaeMa XI/Oa--XI/9g
§ 4.4 HpooepKa 8aUTbl tuna 3T-21 141
Pvc. 4.15. CxeMa nposepK4 CKpOraCTeClbHOrO gOHTypa BbIXO}IHblX enefi
YIFIY amT 3T-21 (3T-23)
nepeMeHHbIfI TOK Ha BxoAe 3attTbL t B peKttMe cpa6aTbisaHtt, KorAa
a BXOA 3alI].VITbI I]oAaH nepeMeHHb TOK, paBHbIfI 1,2 lop. PhMepeH
rIpOH3BOITC BOJ'lbTMeTpOM C R,,>10 KOM/B. 3HaeHla aMepeHmx Ha-
npvKeHfi Roam ўOOTBeTCTBOBaTb }],aHHbIM Ta62]. 4.2. 1-lp npoBepKe
ycHatreeft MP3 lO)KtO 6bITb ycTaHOBaetO  ўacceTy, a MI-I r CO-
eAHeHO C KaCCeTOfI HCrlbITaTe'IbHbIM yI.rlHHHTe.rlbH]StM mHypOM. I/IMHTaHJ4IO
T a 6  a u, a 4.2. flponepga ycaaaveaefi
Pen pa6oT
ToqKn OKqeHHa BObTMeTpa K aaTe
ycnTea 3T-21 (3T-23)
4-20(I-9); 4-19(I-7); 4-16(1-6)
4-1(I-2)
H-4(8-1)
4-8(5-2; 4-2; 3-2)
HaIIp leHie, B
0--0,2
12,4--13,5
4,8--6,5
0--0,005 (0--0, l)
Cpa6aTbmaHHe
4-20(I-9); 4-19(1-7); 4-16(I-6)
4-1(1-2)
11-4(8-1)
4-8(5-2; 4-2; 3-2)
3,7--5,5
12,4--13,5
4,8--6,5
11--12
FI p n  e q a H  e. YgaaaHHae B cgo6gax TOqgl4 noAgaloqeH BOJlbTMeTpa
II TexiqecgHe Hoplhl npBeAeH Aa peae 3T-23.

142 HaaOtca OuўautuT eenepaTopo Pa,. 4
pe4<iMa cpa6awbmanH ycHJnTeJlt MOa{rIO aOCTHqb aaMmgaHneM qepe3 pe-
3Hcrop 10 OM rHe3 X4/la--X4/4a MP3 npH BbIHyTOM ti3 pa3eMa
pearnpymeM opraHe
posepua aswovpaneopMawopoa voua Ha pa6oqx oveTseHnnX.
Mepaevcu KOHHeHT WpaHcOpMaRn aBTOTpaHcOpMaTOpOB npn nO-
MHabHOM TOKe ncnoayeMoro OTBeTBeH  npH MaKcMabHOM WOKe
BHemHerO K3. Pa3HHa B 3HaqeHHX 3MepeHHbX KOIfHeHTOB wpanc-
opMaun ne OHa npesImaTS 5 %. B uex npeospamema oBpe-
eHH 2CMeHTOB TOKOBbIX enefi 3aHTM npII TOKaX BMme l0 A HpoBepKy
ce2yew HpO3BOnTb B TeeHHe He 6oaee 5 c.
flpoepKa np,caK, aonoan,Teoro WOpMoeH. OT peryzpye-
Moro HCOa oa K OBeSaeHn TpaHC@OpMaOpO 7AI--TA3
oepeHO nOBOTC CnHyCOH2aabHSe TO, paBHSm HOMHHabIM TOKaM
owSeTBne (5; 3,75; 3  2,5A). BobvMewpoM C Rl KOM/B 3Mepfl-
erc anpene a pecTope RI (3aMbl I-2, 3-4, 5-6 KOnO
pH nOBOe WOKa K OTBeTBneHm I 3HaqeHe 3MepeHHoro
OHO 5Wb B npeenax 2,9--3,3 B. B cyae HeCOOTBeTCTBHfl
HH yKa3aHHblM BeHHaM H@O6XOHMO yeHTbC B cnpaBHOCTH BBmpfl-
MHTebHBIX MOCTOB VCIVC3  B COOTBeTCTBHH 3aBOCKHM aHHMM pe-
3cvopa RI. 3HaeH 3Mepebix Hanpefi np nOBOe TOOB  py-
rM OWBeTBnenflM cnpaBHX wpaHcOpMawOpOB He OHBI OVnawbc
OT 3aefi anpeHfi, aMepeix np noBoe TOKa K OWBeWBe-:
H I, 6oee eM Ha 2 %.
flpoepKa MP3. Hp nposepe onoro MOayn pene ocwane MO-
yn 3aTm OnHB] 6MTS BCWaBneb B KaCCeWy. B npoBepy MP3
BXOHT: npoepa wpacpeaKwopa TAV; npoepKa npoMeywonbX
opMawopoB TAI  TA2; npoBepa nbwpa Bwopofi rapMoK; npoe
a pearpymmero opraa 91; npoBepa yBCTBHTebHOrO opraHa pete
OTCyTCTBHH TOpMOeHfl; npoBepKa epeHanbofi TOKOBOfi OTCeK
perynpoBKa KOHeHTa WOpMOeHHfl; CHflwe TOpMO3HBIX xapaKwep
CTK a pa6ox OTBeTBeHflX pene.
gpoepa TpacpeaTopa TAV. OT perynpyeMoro CTOKa TOm
K OTBeTBeHM .TpacpeaTopa nooepeo nOBOaflwcfl WO,
HOMHHabHB1M TOKaM owBewBneff (5; 4,6; 4,25; 3,63  2,5 A). Ha
npaee a BTOpHBIX O6MOTKaX wpancpeaKwopa H3Mepflewcfl BObT
MewpoM C Rs 1000 OM/B. Hp nOBOe TOPOS K oTsewse
3MepeHoro nanpeHa na OSMOTKaX W 2  W3 OHBI 6MTB B npe
ax 6,8--7,6 B  16,7--18 B COOTBeTCTBeO. OwHomee anpaeH
O6MOTKaX W3 H W 2 OHO C TOqHOCTb O 10 % COOTBeTCTBOBaTb Bmpa
en U/ U= 2,5.
3aefl 3MepeHHbIX HaHpfleHHfi Ha O6MOTKaX W2 H W np
e vOKO K pyrM OTBeTBeHHM TpaHcpeaKTOpa e OnHM OTHqawbC$
OT 3anefi anpeHHfi, aMepex np noaBoe TOKa  OTBeTBe
Hn I, 6onee eM Ha 2 %.
gpoepa npoegroubx TpaCOpaTOpO TAt, TA2
c aHanorHo npoBepKe npcvaBK onOnHTenbHOrO TOpMOeHnfl. Ha
npeHe 3Mepflewc Ha 3aMaX I-2, 3-4, 5-6 oo gl.
OnpeOeeue pe3oaco gaCTOTbl UAbTpa TOpO eapouu.
npoBepK nbTpa pa3MmKamv nepeKnmawenb SXI  BbIHHMaT
pa3eMa pearpymfi opra 31. Mey rHe3aM paaeMa 19-21 p
arpymero opraHa 31 ycvanaBBamT nepeMiy. Ha BXOa nTp
(3aM g nepenaTe SXI  o6ma Tonga OMOTKH
§44
IIpoeeptca 3avdurbt Tuna 73T-21
43
PHC. 4.16. CxeMa nposepKn cHaBTpa 2-fi rapMOHHKIt

144 HaaOKa Ouў3aulur eeHepaTopoe Pa3a. 4 § 4.4 17poHepna 3auuTbt Tuna H3T-21 145
Pnc. 4.17. OcanaorpaM-
Ma BbIXOIHOrO crHaa
P( B MOMeHT cpa6aTblBa-
HHH 3a lIiMTbI
pa Icp) qyBCTBHTeIBHOCTH. Cpa6aTmBaHue tlyBCTBHTelbtloro opraHa On-
TpOMpyeTcfl nO cpa6aTblBaHM BbIXOUOrO pete KL2 (KL4).
HbIfi TOE cpa6aTblBaHM qyBCTBHTeBHoro opram oamen 6blTb He 6oee
0,31uou.oa, a MaECnMabHmftHe MeHee 0,71uou.o,,. B cyqae HeO6XO-
AMOCT peryupoBaHe (cMeene) Rana3oHa TOEOB cpa6aTmBauR.
qyBCTBMTebnoro opraHa MOmeT npOM3BORnTbC nO6OpOM conpoT.MBeMn
peaCTOpa R2 CXeMm pearpymero opraHa 91. OTHOCMTebHbI TOK cpa-
6aTmBaH qyBCTBnTebHbIX opraHOB orpeefleTC 3 BbpaeHn
* ICp
/cp  AT /nOM.OTB "
PeryapOBSHne 3aaHHOrO ToEa cpa6aTmBa-Hn qyBCTBnTeBHOrO Op
raHa ocyeCTBeTC peryflwopoM lcp' npeABapTebHO ycTauaBMBae*
MbIM B EpafiHee npaBoe noomeHe. OT nCTOqHMEa TOga oAaeTc TOK .
paBHblfi 3aaHHOMy ToEy cpa6aTbBaHU 3aUTb B npoBepeMOM neqe
BpaeHneM pyqEn peryflTopa Icp npOnB qaCOBOfi cTpeE OCTraeTcR
cpa6aTmBaHUe pete. NoomeHe perysTopa Icp EcpyeTC gOHTpra
EOfi, a 3aTeM BHOBB npoBepfleTCfl TOE cpa6aTmBaHU  TOK BO3BpaTa pee
OHOBpeMeHHO MEcMpyeTc HanpmeHMe cpa6aTmBans peae.
MeMT BO3BpaTa qyBCTBTebHoro0 oprana HaxoMTCfl B npeAeax 0,6/
0,92. HanpmeHne cpa6aTbmaHnfl qyaCTBnTebHOrO opraHa, n3MepeHnO
BObTMeTpOM C Ra,10 EOM, B 3aaMCMMOCTn OT yCTaBEn HaxOMTC
B npeeaax I.,56,5 B.
gposepa Ouepenquabuo-ronooa orceunu npoaBOTC B
nOfi cxeMe 3amnTbi fl OHO CTOpOHBI 3amnaeMoro nptcoennen
{pc. 4.18) np ycTaOBe nepenqawen SX2  nonoen a-6 n 6-
(CM. 3aBoacgy CxeMy peae 3T-21). a Buaoaa n3 pa6owbl
TeabHOrO opraHa rHe3;Ia X4/2a  X4/4a npoBepIeMoro MP3 HeO6XO-
)IHMO COe}],HtIHTb BpeMeHHOI IlepeMbI'-lEOfi. 1-IJlaBHhIM H3MeHeHI4eM TOKa Ha
BXO)Ie 3amI4Tbl onpe;eeTc TOK cpa6aTbIBatlMH H BO3BpaTa OTCeqKH. r]pi4
ycTaHoBKe nepeKniOnawenn SX2 B noaomee a-6 /cp.oў6 Iao.or,
a B nono)KeHe 6-a Icp.o,c=91no,.o. PerynpoBaHe TOKa cpa6aTbBa-
HH{ OTCeqKH rlpOH3BO}IHTCH n06OpOM CoIpOTHBieHHII peZHCTOpOB 174
I! /. Ka3aHHOe pery3ipoBaHe yO6HO HpOH3BOHTb, HCHOib3y{ Mara-
3[IH coHpOTHBJIeHHH. !H 9TOFO oTHaHBaeTcH pe3HCTOp  H K 3a:KH-
r4aM 4 H 7 naTbI I MOyH pe;m HOKaqaeTcH MaPa3HH conpOTHBe-
ltfi C yCTaHOBaeHHbIM Ha HeM COI]pOTHBaeHIieM npI4MepHO 30KOM. Ha
51P3fI nolaewc 3a;iaHHmii TOE cpa6awmBaHH OWCeqE. FIOCaeTIoBawe3bHO
yMeHba coHpOTHB,rleHHe, O6HBaTCH cpa6aTbBaHH OTCeqKH. 3aTeM
6paeTc E3HCTOp, COOTBTCTByDH HOKa3aItHM Mara3Ha COHEOTHB"
Pc. 4.18. CxeMa npoBep TO;OB cpaSaTbmamia MP3
rleHHlI, H BnaiBaeTc BMeCTO RS. I-IoBTopHo npoBepeTc yCTaBEa. Bo
36emaHe noBpeeH aBroTpaHcOpMaTOpa, TpaucopMaTOpa TOnga
 TpaHcpeaETopa noaBaTb na 3amiTy TOE e peEOMeHRyeTC 60ee
OeHr BO3Bpara oeH 6mTb He Melee 0,3. OTHOCTebHBIfi TOK
cpa6aTbBaH OTCeEM oHpeAeseTcs no BbpaeHm, npeeHHOMy
Bme Ras yBCTBTeabHoro opraHa.
poBepeTC BpeM cpa6aTmBaH OTCeE np l=21p.o,ў Ha pa-
6oefi yCTaBEe. MCeEyHOMep noEmaeTc E EOHTaETaM BXOHO-
ro peae KL2 (KL4) Ha rHe3Ra Xl/Ic  Xl/2c. M3MepeHHOe BpeM cpa-
6aTbBaH OTCeK He OHO npeBblmaTb 35 MC.
Peegaupoa o3@@uqueura TOpoeuun NpOM3BOTC nO CXeMe
pc. 4.19. Pa6oe  TOpMO3ame OMOTE pa3eHc, OpMO3He
repBe O6OTE TpaHcopMaTOpOB TOKa TAI
CeOBaTebHO, Ra *taro ey OTBOaMM I-I BpeMeao yCTaHaBBa-
eTC nepeMmqKa (I,o.o, ra=lo.or==SA). Pa6onfi TOK noaeTc
Ha rHe3Ra X3/I--X3/6, TOpMO3HO TOK--Ha rHe3a X3/2--X3/4. Ko-
10--131

HazaOKa OuCsauuT eetwpaTopoe Pa3a. 4 § 4.4 Hposepa sauurbt Tuna 3T-21 147
Pnc. 4.19. CxeMa npoBepKn TOpMO3HblX xapaKTep!4cT!4K MP3I
>KeHgff; /:pO -- OTHOCHTeJIbHhI!Yl TOE cpa6ayBaH}lff pete npM OTCyTCTBHII
TOpMOeHn (CM. npoepy qyBCTBHTeabHOrO opraa pe,qe); It0--rop-
3OHTabHblfi yqaCTOK TopMo3HO xapaKTepMc (nepeKaqaTeab SX3--
s oaomemm a-6, Iro = I; SX3-  noaomeHaa 6-a, /$o=0,6).
aKTHqeCKIlI Tog cpa6aTbIBaHl paBeH
Bpaman pyqKy perynTopa NpOTHB qacoBo CTpeaKH,
cpa6armBaHn pem. oaoeuae peryanTopa <<k>> Kcpyercn KOHTp-
FahKO, ff HpOM3BOMTC oEoqaTenan npoepEa caneHHOrO KO-
eHTa TOpMOmeHa nO eTOEe, noeHo
HpOH3BORHTCfl HO cxeMe pnc. 4.19. TopMo3nofi TOK noaeTc Ha
BaTenbHO KnqeHHme pa6oqne OTBeTBneHHn OSMOTOK TOpMOeHH
MeyToqnmx TpancopMawopos TAI, TA2 n npcwasgn OnOHnWenbHOr
TopMOeHH HT-I, ecnn npHcwaBga HCHOb3yeTC. Pa6oqnfi TOK
eTC na pa6oqee OWBeWBneHHe wpancpeawopa TAV. epeKnqawenb SX3
ycTanasnBaewcn B 3aaHnoe nooeHne. TopMO3Hme xapawepncvnKn CH"
MaTCfl HpH OTHOCHTebHbIX 3HaqeHHflX WOpMO3HblX TOKOB 0; lwo; 2;3;4;
5, re /0OTHOCHTebHa nennqnna TOKa Haqana TopMoeHH
3HaqeHe TopMO3HOFO TOKa HOCHTbIBaeTC HO opMyne
0'5 ( IuoM.BTAI" + IHOM.oTBTA2 +
poBepeTC TOK cpa6aTbBauH peze u oupeAezeTc
TOpiOmeHU Upu XI =4 , Xl=5:
kr = AIcp/AXI  = Alcp(5.4},
O oyqeHHblM aHHBIM CTpOHTC xapaKTepHCTHKa TOpMOeHH
CTHKH IT0 KaK paCCTOHHe &O TOqKH nepeceqeHH ropH3OHTabHOrO H
KaOHHOFO HpMOHHeHMX yqaCTKOB xapaKTepHCTHKH HpH HX pooeHHH.
aHna FopH3OHTaBHOO yqacTKa xapaKTepHCTHKH AOmHa blTb paBHa
re /T0y  yCTaBKa O HHe FOpH3OHTaBHOFO yqaCTKa TOpMO3HO Xa-
paKTepHcTHKH.
onoaHveabBenpoBepK:
a) npoeepxa peaeupyeeo opeana. Eczu upu nposepue pearupy-
ero opaHa o6HapyHTC KaKa-HH6yAB HeHcHpaBHOCTb, TO OTblCKaHHe
10"

148 HataOe:a auc])3auT eeuepaTopoe Paal. ]
H ycTpaHeHHe TOfi HeHCFIpaBHOCTH npOH3BO2,HTCfl H3MepeHHeM HanpflKe-
HHI B KOHTpOabHblX TOqgax H nocaeyomefi NOeMeHTHO lpoBepKo.. Ha-
npameH B KOHTpObHbIX TOqKax pearpyomero opraa MP3I B
BCHMOCTt OT pe>KtMa pa6oTbI 5,oartbl COOTBeTCTBOBaTb ,aHHbIM Ta6a. 4.8.
T a 6    a 4.3. Ilpoepga pearnpymmero oprana
Pe)KHM paOTbl [(OIITpOalbHble CTpOqII Hanplcie, B
HopMa,bHbfi
X4/Ia--X4/2a
X4/3a--X4/2a
15--X4/2a
7--X4/2a
X4]4a--X4/2a
--(12,4ч13,5)
4,8--6,5
--(0+0 2)
--(0+02)
--(o+o,)
Cpa6aTmBante
X4/la--X4/2a
X4/3a--X4/2a
--(12,4+ 13,5)
i
4,8--6,5
--(8,5 .'-- 13,5)
-(o,5+3,5) i
--(3,7+5,5)
15--X4/2a
7--X4/2a
X4/4a--X4/2a
4.5. HponepKa ,aepeHuaa.bHOfi SamaT,l mall
C TOploKeaae Tana ,[I,3111T
InqbepealmazbHaa aamnTa IilVlH C TOpMOeHeM Ta 3NT npe,
aaaHaeHa aza efiCTBH npH Bcex K3 a mnHax aanpeHneM 110
330 B Tex 06eKTOB, Ha KOTOpblX 3-3a nOBmeHHmX norpemHOCTefi Tpae
OpMaTOpOB Toga a nO KaKM-60 pyrnM npqaaM He MOeT 6blT
cnoaosaHa nepeHnaHaa aamnTa, BbmOaeHHa Ha 6aae pe
c acmammnMnC pacopMavopaMn ToKa (PHT).
amnTa mH 3T nMeeT BblCOKy qyBCTBHTebHOCTb ame npn 3naqH
• ebmx (o 30--40 °/o) norpemnocTx TpaHcopMaTOpOa Toga, 6blCTp0
CTBHe, OTHOCHTebHO MaO noTpe6euue MONHOCTH, BO3MOHOCT
nob
§ 4.5 fIpoeepna 3aUTbt Tuna 3IIJT 149
onDO6OBatlVlH Vl AYIB IilI4H. t-Iaa.e npOMeyTOqHbIX TpaHcqbopMaropos
TOnga C perynpyeMbM oqbqbeHTaMt TpacqbopMai],mt, ycraHaasae-
tIlli  uenax Kaxoro npcoenneHn, nO3SOaeT HcOb3OBaTb 3amHTy
pt HepaseHcTse KOMeHTOB TpaHcOpMaH OCHOBHX TpaHcopMa-
ToDOB TOKa.
B cayqae OTCyTCrSa yCTaBO np uaaae amTm 3T peo-
eHyerc TOg cpa6aTblBaH 36HpaTeabaOrO opraHa rlpHHHMaTb pa-
HbIr. 0,8/o. Tog cpa6aTblBaHH opraHa KOHTpO cNpaBHOCTII aenefi
7cx3 peKOMeHyeTC yCTaHaBHBaTb MHHHMa,abHbIM NO mKaae ycTaBoK.
05ilaKo B yCOBHX KcayaTa MOeT NOTpe6oBaTbC erO KOppeKTllpOB-
1i C yqTOM OTCTpOfiKH OT TOKOB He6aaaHca TpaHcopMaTOpOB TOga B pe-
;, b;)x pemrMax pa6oTbI 3amHTbI.
B OSeM npoBep 3amm 3T sxonT rposepKa 5aosa .ore-
coi uac, nponepa npOMeyTOqablX wpaHcopMawOpOS TOga, npoepa
r acTpofia qacwowHblX HbTpOB, npoepga nycosx opraoB, nponepa
135HpaTebHblX opraom, nposepKa opraa KOHTpO cnpaBHOCT aeefi
Toga.
Hpoep 6oa aorecKo acT. OK zornnecKofi qacTH
qatT B Ce6 CTa6H3aTOp HaNpfleHH H pOMeyToqHbIe
zeam CTa6uau3aqu nanpaeuu npoepewc 3MepeeM
a mxoe eanTez (smsoam 8-3) npn H3MeHeHHH BXOHOrO anpme-
z Ha sbmoax 8-20W 0,8 UaM AO 1,1 Ua, B yx penMax:
B;.]qeHHO  OTZmeofi arpyae (peze KLI, KL2 zn KL3, KL4).
PeM BKmqeHHO HaFpy3KH HMHTpyeTCfl 3aMbIKaHHeM Mey
bo2on 8-6-5 nan 8-7-4. HanpmeHe a nmxoe 2ewe 3MeHeTCg
n rpeeaax 853 B. Npn onaosmx SXOHbX arpmenx nanpme-
He ia nbxoe eaTefl B peMe OTgmqeHHofi Harpy3K MOeT npesbb
math Harpmene npn zmeofi Harpye e 5ozee qeM Ha 2 B.
Hposepga npomeyTounbtx peae-nosropuTeaea KLI--KL4 ocymecw-
u,zerc noaqefi anpen OW perympyeMoro nCTOqna OCTOflHHOFO
T0a epe3 MaMnepMevp a sbmom 6-2 (5-2, 7-2 n 4-2). MepeTcn
WO cpa6aTbisana pete, KowopbIfi OeH HaxoHTbC B npe2eaax 3,5--
6,5 MA. Kognaaew BOBpaTa peae ozme 5roTS e nme 0,4.
cI)aSaTbma peze nposepeTc npn noane a xo eawes
8-2) uOMHabOrO anpmeun. HepeszmaTeab <<Hycg>> MceKyo-
Mepa no&KaqaeTc  BblSOaM 8-6 (8-5, 8-7, 8-4). OCTaHOB
%.oMepa ocymecwszevc OHTaTaMn pete KLI--KL4 (smnom 15-16,
11-12, 19-20 n 23-24 COOTBeTCTBeHHo). BpeM cpaSaTmBaHn amoro
, pe.e 2ozmo 5bTb s npeezax 10--15 MC.
Hpoepa npoeyroax wpaacopmaropo woa TAL. 3Mepew-
c copoTneHe NOCTOHHOMy WOKy BTopHqHbIX O6MOTOK TAL, Kowopoe
 scex ncnoaenfi ozo 5T B npeezax 1750OM!5 %. Hpose-
peTC NOflpHOCTb BbIBOOB O6MOTOK. pH TOM 3a Haqao nepBqHb]X
05:,[OTOK npMamWC Bbsom 6, 14, 22, wora aqao BWOpHqHbIX 06-
oOў 6yAyw 27, 25, 23 COOWSeVcwseo. CnMaewca xapaKwepcwna
iarqsan U=f(l) noBe2eneM  Topnqaofi O6MOTKe TAL nepe-
muoro woKa 12 B npe2ezax OW 0,15 ao 1,TMA  3MepeaeM a efi
SanpmeHn U. Ha ocnoe xapawepncwnn aMarnqnsan bInCZ-
mC conpowea TAL, KOM, ўO ўTOpOHbl BvopqOfi O6MOTKH:
Z, = U/I.
OTKOene eficWBHWebHblX saanenfi Z OV Z no wnnoofi xapaK-

Ha,aOta Ousatqu7 eeHepazopoa Pa3a. 4 § 4.5 17poeepa sauuTbt tuna ]131117 151
II
Z2,KOM
TCpllCTIIKe (pHc. 4.90) np}t OHOM !4 TOM Hie ToRe He OJ(HH OTJlIlqaTbCgl
6o2ce qeM .a 10 %, 56bm.e OTKoHe}m CBHeTebCTBymT O HeHcnpaB-
ocI TAL.
EOHHIIeHT Tpai{copanH npoBepec Ha paSoqeM OTBeTBaeHHH
ncpBliqHOfI O6MOTKH plt TOKe, paBItOM 21.o.. BTOpHqe O6MOTKH TAL
O,qHbl 6btTb NOKa}OIeHNI K OCHOBHOMy 6]OKy 3T. OTKaOHeHHe ieI-
CiBHTeabHblX KOHKHeHTOB TpaHcopMaHH OT paceTHbX, yKaaaHHb:X
m wa6a. 4.4, tie o]}io npembmawb 3 %
Z, 0
3 2
,o -o 
PHc. 4.20. THrIOBa xapaKTepHCTHKa HaMarHHqHBaHHg npoMeyTOqHMX
TpaHcOpMaTOpOB TOga
Pnc. 4.21. THnoBme xapagTepHcTHKH aCTOTHmX HabTpOB:
1--xapaKTepcKa bTpa npO6Kn 2-fi rapMoHK yCKOBX  36HpaTebtff
opraHOB; 2--xapaKTpHCTHKa KOMHHHDOBaHHOFO HbTpa-myHTa yCKOBOFO opFaH|
3 -- xapaKTepHCTHKa HOCfleOBaTeabHOrO HbTpa-yHTa opraHa KOHTpO3a HcDaBHO
CTH ene ffOKa
IIpoaepa a HacTp0fiKa qaCTOT}lblX p1421bTp0B. afl rlpOBepK qaCTOT.
HblX di)HdlbTpOB ncnoabayeTc reHepaTop tItlSKO!I qaCTOTbI C perynpyeMml
anpfl)KeneM Ha BbXOe. HarlptHieHne OT FHtt noaeTct nooqepeAn
30
25
20
15
10
334
400
500
668
1000
6
5
4
3
2
1670
2000
2500
3340
5000
Ha BXOIbl Beex HabTpOB. l-lpH 3TOM IIaMeptioTe HanpHieHHfl H TOKH
bTpOB M BblqMCeTC MX BXOHOe cOHpOTHBqeHHe. HCHblTaHH BCeX
HabTpOB HpOH3BOTC B Hana3oHe qaCTOT 25--500 FK. pH IiCblTaltH-
HX OAHH H3 BblBOOB KamAoro HabTpa oTnaHBaeTca. o OKOHqaHHH
ffblTaHH CxeMa OaHa 6bIb OCCTaHoBaeHa.
HcntTanue mbTpa-npo6nu eTopoa eapmonuu (LICl--nycKosofi
oprat H LC H36IfpaTeabHbI opraH) H CHTHe xapaKTepHcTIIKH npoHa-
nOAHTC, npH HeH3MeHHOM TORe Ha ero BxoAe, paBHOM 0,5 MA, a qero
aanpaeHHe Ha H.abTpe 3MeH.eTC. B npeeaax 1,550 B. BxoHoe co-
npormaeHae aabTpa OaXCHO HMeTb MaKCHMaabiiOe 3iiaqeHHe (90
100KOM) pH qaCToTe 100FK. THnoBa xapaKTepmTHKa HabTpa npO6KH
BTopofi rapMOHHKH Z=([) npHBeAeHa Ha pnc. 4.21. BoaiOHble OTRO-
{eliH aKTHqeCKHX 3HaqeIIHfi Z npH aaAamofi aCTOTe OT ygaaaHHbIX
Ha pHc. 4.21 COCTaBaaT OT 5 AO +10 0/0. B cayqae 6oaee 3HaqHTeabHX
OTKOH@HH pOH3BOHTCff pOBepKa eMgOCTH KOHeHCaTopa H peryHpoBKa
BoaymHoro 3aaopa MarHHTOnpOBoa pocceam
Hcnbiranue om6unupoanoeo mabypa-mynTa nyCKOSOro opraHa
L2C2L8 npoHaBOHTCa npH HeH3MeHHOM TORe Ha eFO BXOAe, paBHOM 5
HanpneHHe Ha HaTpe H3MeHeTCff B npeAeaax 0,260 B. BXOAHOe CO-
pOTHBaeHHe HabTpa OSblqHO HMeeT MaKCltMaabHOe 3HaqeHHe (10
l lKOM) npH qaCToTe 50FK, a MHHHMaabHOe (50100OM)npH qaCTO-
• e 150 Fm OTKaOHeHHa aKTHqecKHx aHaqeHHfi Z OT THnOBblX (pHc. 4.21)
npH OHHaKOBb qacToTax OaHbI aeaTb B HaaaoHe OT 5 AO +10 0/0.
pH 6oee cyeCTBeHHblX OTKOHeHHX 3HaqeHH Z H@O6XOHMO H3Me-
pHTb eMKOCTb KOHeHCaTOpa C2 H nopeFyaHpOBaTb BO3AymHm aaaop
MarHHTOnpOSOAO Apocceaefi L2 H L3. CHaqaaa peryaHpyeTcn aaaop
pocceaa L2 no yCaOBH HaCTpOfiKH Ha pe3OHaHC TOKOB pH qaCTOTe
50 FK KOHTypa L2C2, a 3aTeM  aaaop pocceaa L8 no ycaosHm nocae-
OBaTeabHOrO peaoHaHca pH qacTOTe 150FK (peryaHpoBKa Ha MHHH-
MyM Z npH qaCTOTe 150
HocaeOoaTeanb uabTp-mynT ropo eaponuu, sxonmft s cxe-
My opraHa KOHTpOaff HcnpaBHOCTH Kenefi TOKa (LC), npoBepffeTc np
HeHaMeHHOM TOKe B ero KenH, paBHOM 5 MA. HanpeHHe Ha
HaMeHffeTCff B npeeaax 0,310 B. O6mqHO BXOAHOe COnpOTHBaeHHe
HaTpa HMeeT BHO BmpameHHUfi MHHHMyM (7090OM) npH qaCTOTe
100 FK. BO3MOHble OTKaOHeHH aKTHqeCKHX 3HaqeHHfi Z np aHHO
qaCTOTe OT 3HaqeHHfi Z THnOBOfi xapaKTep.CTHKH (CM. pHC. 4.21)
OamHM npeBblmaTb 10 0/0. B cayqae 6oaee cyecTBeHHblx OTKaOHeHH
Heo6xoHMO poBepHTb @MKOCTb KOHeHcaTopa C H OperyaHpOBaTb BOa-
ymH aa3op B MarHHTOpOBOe poccea L.
ponepKa nyconx opraon pOH3BOHTCff B nOaHo cxeMe 3aHTbI
npH OHOCTb CO6paHHblX BTOpHqHbIX KeX TAL O CxeMe, pHBeeH-
HO Ha pHC. 4.22. HcnblTaHHa npOBOaTCa npH HMHTaKHH OHOaaHMX K3
OT Tpex TAL, a a KOTOpblX OTHOCffTC K pHCOeHHeHHffM I . II CHC-
TeM mHH, a OHHK mHHOCOeHHHTeabHOMy BblKaqaTea. CxeMa pHc.
4.22 noaBoaeT HMHTHpOBaTb K3 Ha I H II CHCTeMaX mHH, a TaKe BHe-
Hae K3.
pH HMHTaKHH K3  3aHaeMo 3OHe Ha OHO Ha CHCTeM mHH
(HanpHMep, BKaqeHO AAI H 3aMKHyT BbKaqaTeab SI, qTO COOTBeTCT-
ByeT K3 Ha I CHCTeMe HH) peryaHpoBaHHeM TOKOB pH BKaqeHItH Ka-
O Ha a3 ooqepeHO yCTaHaBHBaIOTC 3HaqeHH HaqabHX TOKOB
ffpH cpa6aTMBaHHH ]cp,0 H BO3BpaTe 3aHTbI Aff qeTblpex COqeTaHH

HanaSna 8uc])saulur eeuepaTopoH Paa. 4 § 4.5 17poHeptўa saUlUTbt Tuna 311IT 153
KpafiHUX yCTaBOK peryauposoqHtaX peaUcTopoB RI  R4 (0 n 50 aeaemfi
riO maaae). 3HaqeH HaqabHbIX TOKOB cpa6awblBaHMg OHbI axoMTb
CU S peenax: I nana3OH(0,550,15+l,60,4)lom II RHanaso
(1,05  0,2 + 2,2  0,4}Ino,.
KOHRHeHT Bo3Bpava RoaeH 6bIWb He MeHee 0,9. HKCaRH cpa-
6aTbBaHHH H SOZBpara npoH3BOHTC nO 3aMblgaHH H pa3MblKaHH KOH-
THKTOB 15-16  17-18 pete KLI 5aoa orHeco acwm
Hacrpoa gcraog HpOH3BOHCH nO CXeMe pHc. 4.22. o HaCTpOfiKH
peryaposoHme pe3HCTOpb yCTaHaSasav s noaoeH: RI--Ha Hy-
aeBor, eaeHH; R4--a 50 esex. cvpOfiCVBOM AAI ycvaHasmma-
T 3aa11Hbfi TOK cpa6aTBBaHMH HpH OTCyTCTBHH TopMoeHIIH ]=]cp,0.
Pery,]HpOSaHe peHcopa R4 O6HBaTC cpaSabmaHH nyCKoBoro
,_.
Pc. 4.22. Cxea npoepx aam11m 3T
opraHa Ha Sb6paHHOM 3apaHee lanaaoHe. FIp BCTfBJleHHOM 3MepH-
're.rlbHOM mWblpe 13 pa3a, eM XI MHEpoaMnepMeWpOM, no}],K.rllo'-leHHblM K Bblo
BoIaM 3MepTebHOrO pa3a, eMa, Kcpyevc 3Haqene wOKa cpa6aTb-
,aau MarnToaeTpnecoro peae, OTOpmfi Roax<e HaXO/mTCU B ripe-
/leax 70--100 MKA. FIp BK.rIIOqeHHOM MIKpOaMnepMewpe TOg
cpaSawbIBaHl4[ nycgoBoro opraHa 5yew HeCKOJ]bKO 5OJ]blLIe, waK KaK MHg-
poaMnepMeTp yBeqBae COnpOTVIBJ]eHVle llen OMOTKH MarHVITOWleKTpVl-
ecKoro pene. PeoMeHIyeTCU HClIOJ]b3OBaTB MldKpoaMrlepMeTp C
<200 OM (M1200, MI201, M2020  ap.).
HacrpoVuca zaOaozo ,ўoac])c])ut4ueuTa TOplaoglcettUYt nycgOHbtX opzauo8
Bcex qba30CyllleCTB.rIeTCfl npM nMTaHMM ttenefi 3alliMWb! CO cwopoHbI I
TeMbI [IIMM M TOpMO)KeHMfl CO CTOpOHbI II CMCTeMb! ILIMH nO cxeMe pMc. 4.22.
Ilepe HaqaOM nposep, s cyqae MCnOb3OBaHMU B KaqeCWBe rcwoq
EOB rlrtwarIlfl EOMnaeKWrlbX ycvpoficw13 W.rna 5052, rleoSxo/lrtMO
• eHo rIpOBeCT qba3poBy aenefi nTaHu yCTaHOBOK AAI  AA2.
Ha peacTope RI SmCTaBUeTC 50 leefi, epemoaTem, $20
cTo>> 5OKa K514 ycwpoficwsa 11112 ycwaHaBBaewc B rIoo)geHe
pawHo>> rt 3aMblKalOTCfl BbIEJnoqaweўll 81 rI $2 Ha cxeMe pIc. 4.22. YCT.
pOI?ICTBOM AA2 yCTaHaBaVIBaeTCI TOK I----0,5 Iў,, a yCTpOhCTBOM AAI--
TOK ]1 = I+I = (k+l,5)lo, rle I = 0,51po; I = kl+lo = 2kl+
+logo = (kr+ 1)Icpo.
PeryaHposanHeM pe3HcTopa RI }],O6HBalOTC[ cpa6aTraHa nycKOBO-
ro opraHa, l-lonoKemte pe3!4CTOpOB RI t R4 qbHKc!4pyeTct B npOTOKOae,
IpoH3BOAHTCgl npoBepKa BbICT3BJ]eHnblX yCT3BOK pH n}1TaHHH uenefi
33IIIHTbI CO CTOpOnbI II CHCTeMbI 1L1HH H TOpMO:,KeHHfl CO cTOp0}ibI I CHCTe-
Msi m,H B Tpex peKtiax:
BO BTOpHqHbIX enax npoMeayroHsx Tpancqbop'laT0po oa TAL
BCTaBqeHbl Bce 6J]OKH;
BBIHyThI 6nOKH qeTblpex npVlcoe;IHHeHHfi;
BBIHyThI 13ce 6JIOKH, KpoMe IByX, KOTOpb.'e }IBA}IIO]'C HCT0IIi}IKaMH nii-
rann 3alllI4vbl.
Ia ya3aHHo npoBepH TOK 1 ycTaHas;mBaec yCTp0CTBOM ,4AI,
a cpa6aTmsaHHe rIyCOBOrO opraHa ocymecTsaseTcs peryapoaHHeM TO-
ga I, rIonynaeMoro OW HCTOqHI4Ka nHTaH[4t AA2 (nono)Kenne nepemona-
TeJ]efl Ha 6nOKaX K514 yCTpOICTB AAI  AA2 He MeH11eTca 14 COOTBeT-
CTByeT npebnlymefi npoBepKe), l-lpH yMeHbrlleHnH KOldqecTBa nOKm3eH-
HblX BTOpIdqHblX enel npoMe}KyTOqHbIX TpaHcQbopMaTOI:)OB TOKa TAL
(BbIHyTbl 5JIOKH npHcoeAHHeHn) yBeaHqBaeTc qyBCTBIdTeJ]bH0CTb cpaSao
TblBaHHt nycKOBOl'O opraHa np OTfiyTCTBHH TOpMO)KeHHfl (lcp0 yMeHbma-
eTC) 13 yMeHbLUaeTC Kogqbqb!4II!4e!4T TOpiOmeH!4fl. I-[p!4 nOnHOCThIO BblHyTblX
6aoKax /po iOmeT yieHbmVlTbC IO 40 0/0, a k -- 0 20 %,
Topoam,,e xapam'epucTuu l.cp=[(l) C,VlMaIOTCS B yCaOBHX
HMHTfI],HH CKBO3HOFO K3 Ha pa6oqefi yCTaBKe. CxeMa npoBepK!4 Ta me,
qTO !4 rlpH HaCTpOfiKe KOgtqb!4II!4eHTa TOpiOmeH!4fl. C nOiOUlblO yCTa-
HOBKH AA2 TOK I !43MeHfleTCI OT Hynfl }IO TOKa BHeLUHeFO }(.
TOK I yCTaHOBKOI AAI, IO6!4BaIOTCfl cpa6aTblBaH!4fl nyCKos0ro oprana.
Koqbqb!4IIHeHT TOpiOmeH!4fl YIOACqHTblBaeTC nO qbopiyae
kT = l.cp -- Icp0
IT '
r/Xe I.cp=I--I2; I=2 I=.
IJ]t ycJlOBl. K3 a 30He 6e3 TOpMOeIIS (Ha pIc. 4.22 BbIKJHOqa-
Tenb SI 3aMKHyT) H BHemHero K3 npn OTCyTCTBHH ,idpqbepemilaabHoro
ToKa (3aMKHyT51 BblKJ]IoqaTeJ]H $3, $2 t $4) c nOMOmbto M}1gpoaMnep-
MeTpa, noKmoqemtoro qepe3 H3iept'eabHbifi pa3a, ei n lLerIb O6MOTKI{
MaFHHTOgJ]eKTpHqecKoro peae, cnumaercn xaparepucruta Ir=[ (lx). Fip
tMHTaImt BHeLutero K3 TOK B Ilemt itKpoainepieTpa A0axen H3MeHHTb
3naK Ha npOTHBOnOnOmHblfL THnoBble xapaKTepICTIKI Ip=[([x) npne-
AeHbl Ha pVlC. 4.23. OTK.qOHeHHgl VI3MepeHnOl xapaKTepVlCTIaK}1 0T THnOBO
He AOJ]}KHbl 6blTb 6oaee 10 °/o.
Ilpo13epa sa6sparea,Horo oprana BblnOnHfleTCfl YIO cxeMe,
HOfi Ha pnc. 4.22. las coaAanrtlt ycJIosIfl Ha6JloaeHlfl 3a pa6oTOfl rla-
5npaweaaoro opraHa rteo6xolIMO Ha 6JlOKe zornuecof aacTa B TOt
cayuae 3aMKHywb BblBOAM 17-18.
FIpa IMITaIl:rlrl K.3 noonepe/IHo Ha I a II CICTeMax Ili}11t (13 rlepBOM
czyuae BKn}oqaeTC AAI r 3aMbKaeTc BbKn}OqaTeb SI, a Bo BTOpOM
nKmouaeTca AA2 n 3aMblKaewclt BblKJnOqaTeab $2) npoHepaorca
cpa6arbtHanua u opara pete KI a K2 aa KpafiHnx ycTa13ax peryzn-
posouHoro peancwopa RI (0 a 50 aezeHnfi no maze). 3aaena

154 Ha,aOica c)usau4ur eespaTopoa PazZ,. 4 § 4.5 17poeepKa saU4uTot Tuna I3lllT 155
600 "KA ' --
,oo /
0
0 20 30
40 x,A
10 20 30 I$x , A
2OO
/400
/
600
I,MA RI=50 R4=O
Pnc. 4.23. Tnnom, le xapaKwepncTmCn l=f(l,x) nycKooI'o opraHa:
a- K3  soae san'r,; 6- mtemee K3
HYlTb CxeMy npoBepKu, yron CABIra (p lexAy TOKaMH Ii U I MO)KHO I]pO-
tI3BOIITB H3MeHeHHeM a3b I]!4Ta}oMero Hal]pfl)KeHH yCTpOfICTB AA1
nAA2 (va6:L 4.5).
200 / 
400 / -, 
0
ў0 20 30
Isx A
9c. 4.24. Tm]oBaa xapaKTept-
CTKa Iv=[(I) t35npaTenbHOO
opra}m
ip )
200
100
0
2
Pc. 4.25. TnnoBan xapaKTep-
CTHKa I=/(I..)oprana KOHTpO-
ns ene TOKa
0
60
120
180
240
300
B-O
C--u
A--O
B-O
C--O
]-[ptMO
O6paTHO
YIptMO
O6paTHO
r]pMO
O6paTHO
A--O
YIpMo

156 HanaO,ca Oucaaulur eetepaopoo Paal. 4 § 4.6 Konnecuan npoeep,ca 3aU4UT 157
Puc. 4.26. CxeM npoBepKH RHO&OB BEnpMHTeabHOrO MOCTa nyCKOBOrO
opraHa u opraHa KOHTpO McNpaBHOCTM euefi TOKa:
a--3mepenne o6paTnoro conpoTnBaenna; 6--npoBepKa BEnpflMnTebNblX rpynn
Pnc. 4.27. l']poBepKa 3eMeHTOB CXeM cpaBHeHHfl 36pavenbHoro opraHa
ConpOTBneHrle Ka;4,:,U, Ofi Ha AByX rpynn AHO}],OB AOJ])KHO 6blTb He MeHee
0,2 MOM. OTCyTCTBVle o6paa npoBepneTca nyTeM naMepeHna BbIpflMaeh-
noro HanpaeHnn Ha Harpy3Ke R=500OM np noonepeAHOM noaeRe-
Hn Merely cpeHHMH ToqKaMH KaO napb nOyMOCTOB nepeMeHHOrO
nanpneHn, pasaoro I00 B. Hpn OTCyTCTBHH o6pmOB Uap=90 B.
p o6pbBe Ren oa, BXOero B Oa 3 nOyMOCTOB, BbnpnMneH-
HOe nanpamenne CHn3TC npaMepHo B 2 pa3a;
6) npoaepa OuoOoe VD41--VD44 nycobtx opeauo npon3OnTC
npn OTKOHeHHX aaMepeaofi xapaKTepUcTKU Iv=(l) OT TUnOBOfi 6o-
aee eM Ha l0 %;
) nposepxa OuoOoa VD1--VD12 us6uparebuoeo opeaua u pesu-
4.6. KomnaeKcnaa npoBepKa 3aI.RHT

158 HaaOna Ougp3auT eenepaTopoo Pa3,. 4 § 4.7 Hpoeepta 3au4urot paOouum TOtO,a U nanpaacetue, 159
70
50
40
0 I 2 I Cop
PIC. 4.28. TnroBaa xa-
paaTeplCTnaa apeMerIn
ecn aamaTu
HOM TOKe TpaHCqbopMaTOpOB TOKa, K KOTOphlM ioAgntoqeHa 3aLKHTa. Hpo°
BepKa 3aKatOqaeTe B nooqepeAHol noAaqe TOKa BO BCe qba351 3aLIIHThl
tl tI3MepeHHH IIflJleHHfl Hanpem4a Ha BXO,HhlX 3aIKHMflX IlflHedlH. I'Io*
ayqeHHNe AaHHHe nCOab3yOTCfl Aas npoBepKH npnroAHOCTH TpaHc- i
bopMaTOpOB TOKa Aafl 3aAanHofi 3aIIltITbl B peKMe K3 n 3oHe eICTBFIg
3aLKHTbL /OIIXHOCTb, nOTpe6neMa KeHMH nepeMeHHoro TOKa 3atTt
)X3111T npn HOM!aHaabHOM TOKR, HR O,rIHfl npeBbIIIIaTb 0,5 B'A. Fip
O6pbIBe BTOpHqHblX
ro H3 IIpHcoeAHHeHHfI noTpe6neHHe MOIJ/HOCTH B HM
MepHo AO 1,5 B.A.
rlpoBepKa AefiCTBHFI aaTb Ha OKaOqeHHe BmKaoqaeefi s BaaS.
MoAeflcnse C pyrsMa aaLttsarH S aBTOMaHqeCKHMH ycpo.cTnaMi
HKJIIOqaeT B ўe691 npoaepKy: AefiCTBHa 3aIIiHTbl Ha OTKaK)qeHse KOMMyTa
H.HOHHbIX alinapaToB; B3aHMO,q,e!ICTBH C ApyFHMH 3aLKHTaMH H aBTOMaTIў
qeCKHMH yCTpOICTBaMH; IIpaBHJIbHOCTH AeICTBHI CXeMbI CHr.aasaKm
H yKaSaTeJlbHbX peae; AeCTBHfl npOBepSeMo! SaLKHTb! OT cHrnaaoB APY
rHX yCTpO!CTB; OTCyTCTBHS O6XOAHbIX RerleI B cxeMax, B TOM qHeae lip!
OTCyTCTBHH I-I HadIHqHH nnTaHHS OrlepaTHBHbIM TOKOM yCTpOITICTB, B3aHMo
AeICTByIOLKHX C npoBepfleMOfi 3aILIHTOfi.
HpoBepKa TOKOSmX ttenefi sausTm ox .ocTopo.nero tlcToqnnKa no

160 Haac)a c)ucbuatu eeueparopoe. Pa3. 4
attaaH3e BegTOpHOfi HarpaMMU caeyeT HMeTb B BHy, qTO HanpasaeHe
TOga B OTMOWge H3mero HanpgmeH 6yew MeHgWbCg B 33BHCHMOCTH OT
noaomeHg nepezauaTea peryapooHoro WpaHcOpMawopa a egwop
TOga H3 CTOpOHe H3mero HanpgmeH, TO 6yAew COBUaaWb C BeKTOpOM
TOga CTOpOHI BblCero HanpgeHg, TO 6yeT eMy HpOTaBOnOOe.
B HOOeHHH <<1>> nepegqaTeg BeKTOp TOga Ha CTOpOHe HH3merO Ha-
gpgeHHg OyeT HpOTHBOHOOH BeKTOpy TOK3 B OOMOTKe BbICeFo Ha-
npennn.
3anT, Binonenne na pete cep PHT n 3T-11, npoepnTC
B Cўy HOCOB3TbHOCTH:
H3MepTC 3H3qftli H 3 TOK3 KaOFO TpaHCOpMaTOpa TOKa,
mOqeHHOrO B uenn &nepeHuuanbHOft 3amtITbL a TaKme rOKlt He6a-
aHca B HyneBUX npoBo&ax; &na TpaHcOpMaTOpOB (aaToTpancopMaTo-
poa) npoaepgn eaaTeabHO npouaaOUTb a penMe aycTOpOHHero mt-
TaHna, gOTOpfi co3&aeTca nooqepe&HO &na ncex ap O6MOTOK; . ..
IIO pe3yabTaTaM H3MepeHHfi CTpOtTCg BeKTOpHBIe HarpaMMbl TOKO]
n npoepgeTCg I]paBHJIBHOCTB COeHHeHH! wpaHcqbopMawopoB TOga. [II
ClўflTHH H I]OCTpOeHHH BegTOpHbIX tlarpaMM HeoSxoJI!4MO COJllo,awb yC
JOBHe, corJlacHo gOTOpOMy npoBepomHfi Bb6pa I]OJIOKHWeJlbHbe lit
npasJ]eHHg TOKOB B nJ]eax 3aLIIHTBI. O/altIHO nOJ]OKHWeJmHbe HanpaB
iilifl WOgOB B [I.rleqax IIpHHHMaOTCg OW WpaHCqbOpMawopoB TOga B pete;
nposepgewc paSeHCTBO npoH3BejleH HaMepeHHBIX TOKOB Ha qHC
BHTKOB pa6o,mx O6MOTOK, BgJIIOqeHHBIX B IlerIH THX TOKOB, I4 CTpOI4T
§ 4.7 Hpoaeptca 2,cluuibt pagotu TOtўO U tanpcetue 161
AtarpaMa MC peae. Eio HarpaMMe MeTOAOM reoMe'rpHqecgoro caoKe-
}mf{ onpeeaneTc BO3MOHa MC HeTaaaHca. HOBaeHie MC He-
6a.aHca oTyCOBeo HaaHqHeM norpemHocTeh TpaHcOpMaTOpOB TOga,
HeHOHBIM BblpaBHHBflHHeM C eq 3aHTbl H3-3a HKCHpOBflHHbIX
BHTKOB Ha aaTe peae H HaMaFHHqHBamHM TOKOM CHOBOFO TpaHcOpMa-
fopa npH Ma,2bX ToKax Harpy3Kn TpaHcOpMaTOpOB;
a no:yueHHblX paceTHbX pe3ybTaTOB nO KpHBIM pHC. 4.29 H 4.30
onpe,eaeTc pacqeTnbfi TOK ne6aaanca;
[t3MepeTcn TOK ne6aaanca B enH HCNO,HHTeBHOrO peae npH6OpOM
." ,abIM BIIyTpeHHHM coNpOTHB]eHHeM Rn=0,5+4OM It CpaBHHBaeTCa
C paCqeTHbIM TOKOM He6aanca. HsepeHHbIe TOKH He AO2>KHbI npeBImaTb
pOceTnbIX 3HaNeHHfi 6oaee qeM {a 20--30 %. BMeCTO Toga B HcnoflHH-
Te2BHOM opraHe MO>KHO HaMepaTb Hanpn>KenHe BObTMeTpOM C
 I000 OM/B;
npoBepaeTca, TO p nooqepeHOM OTCOeHeHH Tpanc@opMaTOpO
ToI{a Kamoro H3 nae 3flNHTbl TOKH (HanpmeHH) B O6MOTKaX
HHTebHOFO peae 3HqHTebHO yBeHNHBaTC. pH OTcoeHHeHHH TpaHC-
OpMaTOpOB TOKa OT nae 3aHTbI Heo6xonMO HX IIpeBapHTeabnoe 3a-
KOpaqHBaHHe. TO yo6Ho pOH3BOHTb Ha HCNbITaTeBHblX 6OKaX, ecH
olIt HMemTCa B cxeMax 3amT.
B cayae cnoa3oBaHa pete B @@epeHaabHOfi samiTe Tpanc-
@opMaTOpa (aBTOTpaHc@OpMaTOpa) npoBepaeTca OTCTpOKa peae OT 6poc-
iўOB HaMarHqnBammero TOKa MHOropaTHIM (5--6 pa3) BKamqeHeM
Tpanc@opMaTopa no HanpameHne np XO;aOCTO xoe. Ep BKqNeHHH
Ha6amamT 3a nOBeeHHeM KOHTaKTHOfi CHCTeMb HCnOaHHTeabHUX peae.
Bpoepa samT 3T-21 (3T-23). p npoBepKe 3MepaeTca Ha-
npmeHe Ha O6MOTKaX  Tpanc@opMaTOpOB TAV np
K peae Bcex naeq amHTm H npH noouepeHOM HCKaqeHHH Kamoro H
HnX. BOabTMeTp nOKamqaeTca K rHe3aM X4/lb  X4/2b MPa. Np
nOaHOCTm co6paHHX TOKOBX enax  TOKe Harpy3K 1.a=(0,5+
1,0)I.o Un9(O,O2+O,O4) Uc . pH MaKCHMaabHOM TOKe He6aaaHca Ha-
npame.He He6aaaHca MOmeT OCTraTb SHaeHfi 0,5 U. B eayqae c-
KameHa OHOrO S naeq 3amnTbi U. 3HaqTeaHO yBeaBaeTca
n B 3aBCMOCT OT TOKa Harpy3K MOmeT npeBmaTb U peae (1,5--
6,5 B). p Heo6xOMOCT npo3BOTCa KoppeKTpOBKa BTKOB TpaHe
peaKTOpOB peae Aa yMeHbmeHHa HanpmeHHa He6aaaHca.
BpoepKa aamm 3T. CaTe  nocTpoeHe BeKT0PHblXarpaMM
TOKO npo3BOATCa TaK me KaK aa samT, BmnOaHeHUX Ha peae ce-
pnn PHT  aT-11, Aaa Bcex npcoeAneHfi. p npoBepKe enefi o-
z<eu 6Tb XOT 6 KpaTKOBpeMeHHO BKaqeH B pa6oTy O6XOnOfi BbI-
E2qaTeab.
HpoBepKa npaBHabnoe a3npOBK aTbI npOnaBOHTC nocTeneH-
HII nOKameHHeM nepBHqHmX O6MOTOK npoMeXyTOHX TpaHcOpMaTO-
pOB TOKa K BTOpqnmM enaM TpaHcOpMaTOpOB TOKa COOTBeTCTByHX
npcoeHeH. B npoaecce nOAKameHa TOKOBmX ene 3MepamTCa TO-
K B Tpex @aSHblX  yaeBOM npoBoax OCHOBHOrO KOMnaeKTa
(B enx HaKaaAOK SX1, SX2, SX3 H SX4), OKH He6aaaHca Ha Bxoax
n36npaTeabHoro opraHa (BmBOm 61, 62, 63, 64, 65  66), HanpmeHHn Ha
OT{OTKaX MarHTOaeKTpeCKX peae nyCKOBmX opraHOB (B paeMeX1)
 TO He6aaaHca no np6opy KOHTpOaa TOKOBUX ene. Hp
}mn TOKOSIX ene eaecoo6pa3Ho epeoBaT npncoeHeHa C npnxoa-
mI,{n H yXOaHMH TOKaMH, C TeM qTO6m orpaHHqHBaTb BO3MOmHbm TOK
11131

162 Ha.aOta Ou4aaqur eeneparopo Pa3. 4 § 5.1 Koncrpyngu eaoatx pete 163
He6aaaHca u rloayqaTb pe3yabTaTbi, 6oaee y,o6Hbe Xa:a OEeHEU npaBuab-
HOCTH HOAKaqeHHa eefi. CUMMeTpU TOKOB B eHX HaKaaAOK SX1,
SX2, SX3  nanpnemfi Ha 06Mozax garHnzoepn,ecanx pete yKa-
3bmaez Ha npabocw noqeHna ZOOSbXX enefi OHOnMeHHbX as
pcoeHHeHH, HO He oe7 BbIBHTb HepasbHOe noAKqeHHe TpaHc-
OpMaTOpOB TOKa BCeX TpeX a3 KaKOFO-HO HpHCOeHHeH, B OCO6eH-
HOCTH eCH ero TOE ilarpy3KH OTHOCHTebHO HeBeHK. ONHKH TaKOFO
MOI'yT bITb BblHBHbI TObKO oc.e NOKqHH TOKOBBIX menefi no-
caexHero NpHCOeAHHeHr. B 3TOM cayqae TOKH He6aa3HC3 B ex H3Ka-
0 SX1, SX2, SX3 npaKTHqeCKH He 6yyT CHmaTCa
6Op opraHa OHTpOaa acnpaUOCTH enefi oa 6yeT noasmaT OTHO-
CTeaHO 6oamoe sHaqeHe ToKa He6a2aHCa.
HpOH3BOAHTC Np3BHbIiO, TO TOKH B eHx HaK3OK SXI--SX4 H B e-
nax BbmOOB 61-66 }ia Bxoe H36HpaTeabHOrO Opraa3 6yyT paKTHqe-
CKH p3BHM Hy5, 3 MHKpOaiepMeTp, nOKaqeHHfi K BbIBOaM 71-72,
6yeT HOK33blB3Tb TOK lie 6oaee 10--15 MKA. O paBHabHOCTH
qeHH enefi TOKa MOmHO cyHTb TaKe NO 3HaNeHH H3pmeHH (OTpH-
aTeaHoro sHaa) Ha O6MOTaX MarHToaeTpecx peae nycoBX
opraHoB. 3TO anpameHe (MB) opeHTpOOHO MOmeT 6IT onpeeaeHo
no @opyae
kw I
1
Up  150 --,
It.so
a
re k--OS@$eHT TOpMOmeHa;  I--CyMMa TOOB cex npcoe-
1
HeHH CHCTeMbl HH; Iem0--H3qabHbI TOK cp33THBaHtla NyCKOBOrO op-
ra.a 3T.
3HaqeHHe TOKOB I H le.a0 pHBeeHbI K OHO H TOe CTyneHH
1
TpaHcopa, HanpMep  BxoaM TAL.
No ooHan., noamea.a TOOmX ene np.coe.HeH.fi npo.sO-
TCa npoBepa 3MepTeaHtx opraHoB aamT Ha cpa6aTmaHae OT
TOKO Harpy., cocoamaa  .a6ameH.. a ecB.e saeeHoB a-
mT np nooepeHOM cameHa s samaT TOO aapaHee 6paH-
HX npcoeHeHfi, OTHOCamxCa  I a II CCTeMaM mH. pa came-
H OKa npcoeHeHa noaBaaeTca TO He6aaaHca B ena BBOOB
71-72, OTOpI cpyeTca MpOaMnepeTpo. p Harpyse 6pa-
HOrO npHcOeHHeHH npHiepao 0,1 lao, H 6oaee 6yeT cpa6aTMBaTb peae
yCTpOfiCTB3 KOHTpOa Hcp3BHOCTH pOBOOB. pH 3TOM HanpmeHme Ha
O6MOTK3X MarHHTOaeKTpHNeCKHX peae yCKOBX opr3HOB (oTpmaTeaoe)
6yeT yieHbmaTbCa nO a6COaTHOMy saaqeHHm, a n enH MarHHTOaeK-
TpHqeCKHX peae H36HpaTeabHOrO opraHa nOBHTC TOK, ecTymmfi B CO-
pOHy cpa6aTbBaHH MarHHTO3aeKTpHeCKOrO peae, OTHOCerOC K CHCTe-
Me mHH, y KOTOpOfi 6M HCKNeH TOK npHcOeHHeHH. oce aHHO npo-
BepKH BCe eH BOCCTaHaBaHBaTCa H H3MepTCa TOKH e6aaaca BO
Bcex BmeyKaSaHX enax.
I-IAJIAKA 3AIlIIIT TPAHCOPMATOPOB
C FA3OBblMH H CTPYHHblMH PEJIE
5.1. KoHcrpyKvma raaoBx peae
Fa3OBBIMH 3aLILHTaMH OcIaLu, alOTC KpyIHble MacaHbie TpaHccopMa*
opbi OT ]000 B.A  6oaee u M3CaHble peaKTOpS L eome pacmpHTe-
.H. Fa30Ba 3amHTa qyBCTBTebHa KO BCeM BHaM BHyTpeHHtfX oBpe-
e, npl KOTOpblX aa63aeTcn ra30BbIeaeHHe Ha BO3HHKaeT nepeToK
I,aca H3 Kopnyca B pacmHpHTeb, a TaKme K OHHmeHHIO ypOBH MaCa.
K BHemHHM oBpeeHHM aHa He qyBCTBHTeabHa. FaoBa 3aHTa
pearHpyeT ame Ha HaqaBHM nepHoA noBpemeHH: qaCTHHMe pa3-
pM, BHTKOBble aMMKaHH, oap B CTaaH, pH KOTOpMX He MOmeT
ehCTBOBaTb HHKaKaa pyra aHTa. OCHOBHMM opaHOM
eTC CO6CTBeHHO a30Boe pete.
B HaCTOaee BpeM OTeeCTBeHHMe TpaHcOpMaTOpM KOMneKTyTCa
 OCHOBHOM raotM peae ua PFq3-66 3auopomcuoro TpaHc@opia-
TOporo saBoa  peae Byxroaa (FP) TUa BF-80/Q. YCTaHOBOHm
paMept peae TUO PFq3-66 u BF-80/Q yH@poBaa,
UMOaMeHaeM. Peae TUa PFq3-66 (put. 5.1) BMeCTO paHee UpMeH-
mHXC nOnaBKOB HMeT ABe OTKpMTble qamKH, KOTOpble pH 3aOHeHHH
Kopnyca peae MaCnOM CHpabHO npymHO 26 OTrHBaTC BBepx
Boupyr OCH 6. ECnU Macao u3 peae BMTeKaeT HH BblTeCHeTCa, TO
eCTBHeM Beca ocTaBmeroca B qamKax 8 H 13 Macna OHH OyCKaTC
H OBHmH KOHTKTH MOCTHK aMKae OeffOBHmHe KOHTKT
HepBoh onycKaeTca BepXHa qamKa 13 CHFHabHOrO yCTpOCTBa
TeCHeHHH npHMepHO 400CM s M3Ca), a 3aTeM qamKa 8 HHmHerO
T3 (NpH OHOM yxoRe Macaa HZ peae). Upa ABHeHHH HOTOKa MaC$a
caeBa HanpaBo co ўKOpOCTb, npeBMmaefi yCTaBKy, OBHHaa CMeH-
I{3a 3CTHHa 10, yKpenaeHHaa Ha H3OSaRHOHHO CTOKe 20, OBOpaqH-
BaeTCa BMeCTe CO CTOKO BOKpyr OCH 7, npeooaena coNpoTHBeHHe npy-
>IHbI 26, ypenaeHHo Merely epxaTeaei 21  pqaro 2, OTOpfi
npKpenaeH K H30EHOHHOh CTOKe 20.
HM MOCTHK KOHTaKTa 1. aCTHHa C NOBHmHMM MOCTHKOM H pMqarOM
MOmeT noBopaHBaTbCa BoKpyr OCH 7 H npH HenOBHHO qamKe.
qamKH peae 3aropoxeH RHHHpHeCKHMH noayKpaHaM 9
aa 3aHT HX OT npMoro HOTOKa MaCa H BepXHHM 3KpaHaMH 15
l 22 Aaa yMeHbeHHa BepOaTHOCTH oceaHHa Ha AHO qaeK maaMa
t pyrx MexaHecx npecefi. 3paH 9, la
Ha BXOe KOTOpOrO nO nyTH BO3MOmHOrO ABHeHHa nOTOKa Macaa pac-
noaaraeTca aCTHHa 10, KOTOp3 MOeT nepeMeaTbca
paHa 22. Peae KOMnaeKTyeTC TpeM CMeHHMMU naaCTHHaMU pa3HMX paz-
Mepo. Ha naacTHax aieTca Rp: 0,6--Ha aa6oamefi, 0,9  1,2-
Ha HaHMeHbmefi. qTO COOTBeTCTByeT CKOpOCTaM nOTOKa Macaa,
TOpbIX AoeH aMKHyTbCa OTKqaH KOHTaKT peae.
Oco6eHHOCT peae ByxroabRa Tna BF-80/Q aaaeTC caeaymee.
CIruaabH H OTK$qaH HoHaBKH {pHC. 5.2)
nXaCTMaCCOBMX mapoB, OHH He HMeT nahKH H He noABepeHb Koppo-
3HH; CTHH, pearHpyma Ha CKOpOCTb nOTOKa Maca, MOmeT nepe-
11"

164 H aaOa sau paneўop,aopoe Pa.. ,5 § 5.1 Koncpycu easoex pete 165
CTaBaflTbC Aria peryaupoBK qyBCTBHTe3SHOCTH CpaSaTNBaHH. OS03Ha-
qeHN TpH yCTaBKH 90 CKOpOCTH cpa6aTNBaIIH: 0,65; 1,0 H 1,5 M/C (npH
HoMHHaabHX AonycKax B CTOpOHy yMeHbmeHH 0,17; 0,25 14 0,40 M/C
CO0rBerCTBeHHO).
Pc. 5.2. I"a3oBoe peae Byxroabia:
I, 4- BepXHIIIl I HIIKHIIII nOIl,'laBKI4; 2, 6- MaЈHITBI ynpag,'leHHI Bepx}lel'o }I I{IIKHe-
Ј0 nOH,'IaBKOB; 3, 5- Tpy6KI{ C MaЈHIITHSIMH F, OHTaKTaMII; 7- II,'IaCTHHa, BOCIIpHHHMa-
IOIJfli IIOTOK Mac,'la; 8 m mTOK; 9 -- rlpe,oxpaHaTeJIbgbll KOJIIIatlOK; I0 -- KOpO6Ka
C 3a:,KHMa MH
C14rHaglbHhI!] 140TKglIOqaloIli14fI KOHTflKTM pa3MeIlleHhl B CTeKJIItHHUX
Tpy@ax--repKoHax, g gOWOpbIM nOBeAeHb HenOgHbIe IIpOBO/IH14gI/.
KOHTaKTbl ynpaBnawca nO/IB14KHbM14 MaFH14TflMH, gowopbe MeXaHHqe-
CKH CBg3aHbI C nonJIangaM14 14 nlacwI-I14Ofi. Ha Kpumy peae BUBeAe14a
KHOrIKa IIITOKa, KOTOpbIM MOHO lip14 IIOMOIII!4 puqaK140ro MeXaH143Ma 14C-
KyCCTBeHHO OrlyCgaTb nocaeRoBaTeJlb140 BepxH14fi 14 I-IIIIKHHfi HOHJIflBKH, TeM
CaMbIM 14M14T14pyfI cpa6aTslaH14e peae np14 yTelKe (BbITeCHeH1414 ra3aMI4)

166 HaRac?a sau(ur Tpauccbop.eaTopoe Pa3A. 5
5.2. l'lpoBepKt H HCnblTaHHfl ra3OBbiX peae Ao yCTaHOBKH HX
Ha 3atttHtttaeMOM annapaTe
BHemUHfi OCMOTp peae. YIp BHemHeM OCMOTpe peae npoBepneTca
OCTb ўopnyca, OTCyTCTBHe Teq B MeCTe KpenaeHHn paHa ,
peae, qepe npoxoRHble BTya H B HHKHei qaCTH opnyca peae H3 npO6-
IH, Ke3OCTb CMOTDOBblX CTeIOdI H [IpOXOAHblX 3OoaTOpOB-- BblBOAOS
B apMHpOBKe. / peae ]yxI'OdlbKa OTBHHqHBaeTC KOa[IaqOK KHOHKH oHpo-
6OBaHHI H yaaeTc appeTHp.
BuyTpettnufi OCMOTp peae. l']pH OCiOTpe BbleMHOfI qaCTH TlllaTeabHO
l]pOBepeTC HaIeKHOCTb KpenaeHH tlameK; IIJIaCTHHbI CKOpOCTHOFO ae-
MeHTa; yrlopoB, OFpaHHqHBaIOIIIHX XOB, qameK; KpaHoB; KOHTaKTHbIX HJIa-
CTHH; TOKOrlpOBOXOB H HX [IOKdliOqeHHe K BhlBO,ff, ai H KOHTaKTaM; [IaaCTHH,
rlpeoTBpaLIIalOIItHX noBpeKeHHe qameK IlpH BH6paKHIt peae; Ha,e:KHOCTb
3aleaKH KOHKoB cnnpaabHOfi npyKHnbl B AepmaTeaax (qTOGbI HCKaIOqHTb
CaiOl]pOH3BOabHOe BblcKaKttBaHHe), naaHql-le npymHCTX marl6  Bcex
BHHTOB H t'aeK, t(pole TOI'O, posepeTC:
l]apadlaeabHocTb [Ia]aCTHH HeIOBKHbX KOHTaKTOB H pacoaomene
x B OIHO naOCOCT; co6a)ee paccToHa iemAy IIO,ff, BHXHbIMH
H HeoBHKHhlMH KOHTaKTaMH (2--2,5 MM);
HaeKttOCTb 3a]peccOBKH OCH qalLIKH B CTOfIKy, OTCyTCTBe BO3iOm-
Horo epelemeHHn qamKH BMeCTe ўO CTOIKOI BAOIb OCH;
aOdpTbI Bcex ocefi peae. YIpoAoabHae Z]OdpTh He OamHb peBbmaTb
0,5 MM, a nonepeqHsle AOaKHbI IlpaKTHqeCKH OTCyTCTBOBaTb;
aeFKOCTb xo,a H OTCyTCTBHe 3aeAaHHa jInHmymHxCa qacTefI peae.
d'IobTbI H aerKOCTb xoa rlpoBepllOTCl HamaTHei pyKofi Ha cOOTBeT-
CTByLIIHe aeMeHTb! peae. FIpH IlpoBepKe cpa6aTBIBaHHH KOHTaKTOB peae
OT naaCTHHI qama npepmnaeTca pygofi n sepxHeM noaomeH, a aa-
TeM aamaTeM pyofi Ha naacvy 10 (CM. pc. 5.1) nposepaeTc ee
CBO6OXHblf[ XOX, 3aMblKaHHe H pa3MblKaHHe KOHTaKTOB.
1-IpHqHHOfI, penTCTSyOtllefI CBO60,HOMy nepeMemeHmo HaaCTHHbI AO
3aMbIKaHHH [IOBttKHOFO KOHTaKTa C HeHO,BHKHIM, MOHIeT ObITb HeO-
CTaTOqHbII 3a30p MeKIy pbIqat'OM I AHOM qamKH. B TOM cayqae caejlyeT
pbqar HecKOabKO BbIFHVTb BBepx. COBMeCTHbII XO, KOHTaKTOB
COCTaBJ1HTI, HpHMepHo 2 MM, HpH TOM HOIBH)KHble KOHTaKTbl
CKOab3Tb nocepeAHe IlaaCTHH HenOABHmHbX KOHTaKTOB.
1-ipH HaVKaTHH pyKofI Ha qamKy mero 3eMeHTa npoBepaeTca aer-
KOCTb xoAa qamKH, HO pH TOM 6yleT OTKaOHHTbCH IlaaCTHHa. flerKOCTb
xoa sepxHe amg Tasme npoBepaeTcn HamaTeM Ha Hee pyKo nHS
 nBepx.
r peae lyxro;*lbKa npoBepaeTca VCTaHOBKa repKOHOB--TpyOOK C Mar-
HHTHhlMH KOHTaKTaMH. [(OHTaKTbI IOaKHb! 6bITb 3aMKHyTBI. l-ipH
eMe HOHJlaBKOB KOHTaKThl HOA IefiCTBHeM nepeMeu/aonleroca Marlir
lOamHl pa3OMKHyTCn.
l-lpa .amaT. .a naacTaay cgopocTHorO aeMeHTa (7 aa p.c. 5:
KOHTaKT HH)KHeFO nonaaBKa AoameH 3aMKHyTbCI. / qalIJeqHhlx pete
rlpoBepKH MeXaHHqeCKO! qaCTH peae HpOH3BOJIHTCI KOCBeHHaH HpoBepKl
§ 5.2 FIpoeepnu ll llCrlbtTatl eaeoabtx peae Oo ux ycTal-toeKlt 167
qyBCTBHTeabHOCTH HttHeI'O 3aeMeHTa peae, BbieMnaa qaCTb ameHOrO pe-
;2e BMeCWe C KpbIIl1KOl yCWaHaBaHnaewc H3 ropH3OHWaabHO HOCKOCTH.
Humas am peae 3anoaHeTca TpHc@OpMTOpHb MCaOt  C no-
tomb npy>HHOrO rpMiOieTpa [RHiOieTp OT 0,5H (50r)], OHe
KOTOpOro nOXBOHTC nO Kpfi H qmKH C TO CTOpOHbI, re yCTaHOB-
3ella cnHpaaHan pymHHa, npoHaeTca. HpH ycta, 0,25--0.3H
(25--30 r) KOHTaKTBI XOoallbl pa3OMKHyTbCn. COBMeCTHblft XOX XO pa3Mbi-
KaHHfl KOHT3KTOB  OKOqO 22.5 MM.
Hpoepaa n peryanpo.Ka cpafaT.annn peae no caopocTn nOTOXa
{ac,aa pon3BORHTC Ha CўKHaabIfOfi yCTaHOBKe. pH oTCyTCTBHH 33X3H-
Hb[X yCTaBOK poBepneTCn CKOpOCTb nOTOKa Macaa
oe co BCeMH TpOM KaIIpOB3HHbIMH 3aCTHHaMH. B HpOTOKOo3 tICblTa-
HI8 3aHICbtBaerc Cl)exIIe H3 10 3HaqeHHe CKOI)OCTH HOTOK3 iacna,
KOTOpOM cpa6aTblBaeT peae.
cTaK cpa6aTbma.a B6paTca B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT MomaocTn
 CCTeMbl oxnamxeH TpaHcopMaTOpOB: Xa TpaHcopMaTOpOB C
TeCTneaofi apyaaae Macaa np. MOmaOCTn XO 40MB.A--0,6M/c,
a 6oaee 40MB.A-- 0,9 M/C; aa TpaacopMaTOpOB C npayx.TeabHOfi
a.pxyaaae Macaa (K  ) aeaaBCMO OT MomaOCT.  1,2 M/C.
OnblT 3KcnayaTaa raaoBbx peae T.na PFq3-66 noaaaBaeT, qTO
BbIHONўHH Tpe6OBaHH <<HHCTpyKKHH O aaaxKe  3KcnayaTau ra3o-'
Bo 3amTbI>> 3Haq.Teabao 3arpy6aeT peae. Maoro TpaacopMaTOpOB
C CCTeMOfi oxaamaeHa AK ycnemHO aacnayaTHpyTC np yc.aBxe 0,6--
0,7 M/C.
aaee npoBepaeTCa cpa6aBaae cHrHaababx  OTKaqamHx KOU-
TaKTOB peae np. BNTeaaa 3 xopnyca peae Macaa
 opnyce peae raza). HpoBepxa MOmeT npo3BOXTbC aa TOil me yC-
TaHOBKe, rXe H npoBepKa CKOpOCTH nOTOKa Macaa, ўHBOM Macaa
nyca nyTeM OTKpNTH HHHe npO6K B Kopnyce peae a qepc3 C$HB-
ny Tpy6sy.
Hpo.epa aaeTpnqecofi naoanan.. MearaoMMeTpoM a 1000--2500 B
npo3BOXTC 3MepeHe conpoT..aeaa 3oaaa TOO.eymx qacTefi
OTUOCnTeabaO opnyca  Memay XOaTaKTaM peae. H3oaKH oxo.eay-
mx qacTefi OTaOCTeabO xopnyca peae cnby.aeca aanpamea.e
1000 B nepeMeaaoro Toxa.
Ha yeTaHOBKaX, rae npoBepeTC CKOpOCTb nOTOKa Macaa npn cpa-
6aTbIBaan peae, MOmaO n3MepTb co6craennoe opem
orAmeameeo aaeenra. aa 3TOrO B ycTaao.xy BcTpaBaeTC
Hb appeTHp, yxepmBam naacTy oT cpa6aTbmaH.a, peryapyeTc
cKopocTb HOTOKa Macaa, paBaaa 1,25vep,  H3MepeTў aaeKTpHqeCKHM
CeKyaAOMepOM BpeMa cpa6aTNBana peae nocae ycTpanea appeTpoBa-
n,a. a peae PFq3-66 3TO peMa OamHO 6NTb
peae BF-80/Q .pe tie aopMpyeTC.
Hpo.epa copocnmx xapaTep.c. raaomx peae
Ha cneaHaabnblX ycTaaoKax. Ha pc. 5.3 n 5.4 npBexeH cxeiN yCTa-
HOBOK, npHMeHeMNX B TpeCTe <<aeKTpOKeHTpOMOHTam>>.
B aBeaTapoM xopnyce 1 ycTaaaBaHBaeTc nposepaeMoe roBoe
peae. Hp OTKpNTOM Kpaae 5 aacOCOM 8 MACAO nepeaaqHBaeTc
noro 6aqxa 6 qepe3 peae. Mep.fi 6ax3. CKOpOCTb nOTOKa Macaa pery-
apyeTC BO BpeM pa6oTN acoca BHTHeM 7. KoPAa BeHTHb OTKpNT
aacabKO, qTO aqnaeT ўpa6aTBaTb OTKaqanfi KOHTaKT raaoBoro
peae, aaapNBaeTca Kpa 5 n aqHnaeT 3aHoaHaTbCa MepNfi aK 3. 3aeK-

168 Ha,aOtca 3aUUT Tpaticff3op.aTopo8 Pa3l. 5 § 5.3 CTpyfbte pete 169
I]O 9TO[ qbopMyae MO)KHO nOCTpOHTb rpaqbnKn 3aBnCnMOCTH CKOpOCTI
riOTOKa Macaa OT BpeMeHH t.
lqpn OTKpmTblX KpaHax 5  9 (pnc. 5.3) CanBaeTCa MaCaO 3 ra3o-
Boro pete n npoBepeTC cpa6aTblBaHHe CHFHaIbHhlX H OTKdl/OqaIOllIHX'
KOHTaKTOB peae, pearHpylOLRHX na ypoBeHb iacaa (qamKH Hnl4 rlO-
I]laBKn).
5.3. Cpyfinme peae
Flpn nope>saeHnX  OnTgTope yCTpOfiCTBa PlqH caMnx KOTa
TOB, I]py)KHH MeXaHH3Ma HIH H3OJIflILHH HpOHCXOHT 6ypHoe pa3o)Kemt
MaCaa n cTpy MaCaa BMeCTe C ra3am no TpySonpoBoAy HanpaBaneTC
B pacmHpHTenb. TaKHe noBpeKeHH TpeTyloT OTKalOqetiHI TpaHcqbopMa-
opa.
/Ins KOnTpOna CTpyn yCTaHaBnHBeTCS H50 r3oBoe pete (PFq3-66,
BF-80/Q), nnGo cneHanbHOe cTpyfiHoe pone THn RF-25/10 (pc. 5.5);
cTpyfiHoe pene BO Bcex pemnix paGOTbI TpaHcqbopiaTOpa pGoTeT Ha
OTKaIOqeHHe.
CTpyfiHOe peae IRF-25/10--OHOSaeMeHTOe, yBCTBnTe,bHIM
MeHTOM ero BaeTCa nnCTHHa 9, OO5 aCTHe pene BF-80/Q, KO-
TOpS BHCnT Ha CKOSe 1 H rpy3OM 6 yepKnBeTCU B opeeneHHOt
aOmeHHH, l']pH OCTTOqHOt cKopOCTH cTpyH OHa, BO3CiCTByI H3 [LqaCTH-
•
Pnc. 5.5. CTpyfiHOe peae RF-25/10

170 Haaac)a sauuT Tpancўop,taTopoe Paa,. 5 § 5.4 MOnTa peae u npoaepna cmouTupoeauuo sauuTbt 171
TaKTbl repKoHa 8 CHOBa cpa6aTmBaT. Ta. MO}KHO npoBepHTb [crIpaBHOCTb
peae, ero uene 3aUlVlTB[ I ncefi CXeMBI 3alllltWbl, ec$1a Wa cxeMa co6paHa.
Peae RF-25/lO HMeOT sa ucuoaueuua (sa uana3oua ycrasOU
cpa6arsauua): 0,9; 1,2; 1,5 M/C U 1,5; 2,0; 2,5 M/C. B pe,eaax cBoero
aua3oHa ycwaBa ycraHasansaeTca nepecraHOBKO rpya 6 s
oaoseme: ocaa6aaerca nuw 5  rpy3 epeMelaaeTc n epsaTeae TaK,
nT06 S oe 7 oHsuaac rpe6yeMa ycraBua. B UyKHOM OaOSeHU
WO, 5 dpuc,pyerca ooeHue rpy3a. :Y'crana yCaHaBBaeTc B COOT-
BeTcnuH C ra6a. 5.1 B 3asucOCTў Or r,na  HOMmaaoro Toua yCTpOfi-
crna PFIH.
T a 6,n   a 5.1. Ycxas CKOpOCTI4 cpa6azbmaun, M/C, raaoaux peze
TrI PFIH
PHOA
SCVI-1100
SDV-1250
SAVI-1600
SAV1-630
PHTA-35/320
Bee apyr,e
TOK, h
1000 t 6oee
1100
1250
1600
630
320
o 400
RF-25/10
2,5
2,5
2,5
2,5
1,5
0,9
0,9
Tn pene
BF-80/Q
1
0,65
0,65
pFti3-66
1,2
0,6
0,6
5.4. MOHTaK pe.ae n npoBepKa CMOrlTnpOBannofi 3alllnThl
nbI'raH !43oa1!4t 3atopalBaTI, a H3oauH emAy pa3OMKyTbin
TaKTaMH npoBepgTb MeraoMMeTpOM HanpnmeHeM o 500 B.
3aweM noaeTc HOCTOHHBIfi TOK H 3aMIKaHeM BBIBOOB ctrHa,bHblX
H OTKffatX KOHTaKTOB B K0po6K 3aMOB ra30Boro pete IIM[lTtlpy-
eTCg cpa6aTbIBaHHe KOHTaKTOB H poBepeTC paB[ibHOCTb B3aUMoeficr-
SHn Bcex 3aeMeHTOB 3amHTbI B COOTBeTCTBHH C Tpe6OBaIlHMi
aSbHO CXeMbl.  pene Byxro.nba BF-80/Q URF-25/10 MIiTaItfl cpa6a-
TBaHH pOHaBOttTCfl ltamaTtleM Ha gmongy onpo6oaan.
s aqeCTBe CTpyfiHbIX yCTaHaBtlBaTb peae ra3OBOfi 3amITbl PF3-66
BF-80/Q, Ho y HX HCnOabayrcfl TOabZO OTZmOgamtle
pH HO2tIOCTB COpHHO CXMe 33ITbl ti BKtOtIHHbIX BbliC2IOqaTe-
.gX, 113 KOTOpbI OHa eCTBOB3Tb 3HTa, caeyeT <<HpOKaq3Tb>> r330-
BOe peJie nyTeM HarHeTaHIfl BO3yxa B pC.ge. a 3WOrO 3BTOMOILqbHblM
HCOCOM qepe3 BepxHH KpaH peae HaKaqBaeTCfl Bo3yx. BbITeOIeHle MaC-
a3 Bo3yXOM MOmHO Ha6aAaTb nepe3 CMOTpOBoe CTeKaO. NpH nbTeCne-
HHH npHMepno 400 CM  (y Byxroaba-300 CM ) AoameH cpa6OTaTb cfr-
H. pH gpooettHH BMTeCHeHHg MC Cp363TbIBaeT OTKqaH
KOHTaKT peae H OTKaqaTCg COOTBeTCTBymHe nbIKamnaTeaH.
OHaKO y peae PFq3-66, yCTaHOSaeHHbX Ha KpynnbIx TpaHcopMaTO-
pax, cpa6aTblBaHHa OTKaqatX KOHTflKTOB He BCera MOmHO 06HTbCfl
yKaaaHHM CnOCO6OM. B WTOM caygae peKoMeHyeTcg 3aKpTb Kpau, HAy-
mHfi K pacmpTeam, OTBHHTHTb cnycKHym npo6y S nmHe aCT KOp-
Hycfl pete H CHTb MaCO It3 Kopnyca o cp363TMBHHg HHHeFO KOHTaKTa.
B TOM cyqae, KOF KpaH MaCOpOBOa 3KpMBaeTCfl HeHOTHO, MflCO
H3 pacmpHTeag npooamaeT HOCTyHTb B peae H HpIIXOHTCg CHBaTb
MHOFO MaCz2 a.
BOaMOmeH H pyro cnoco6, Tpe6ymgfi CgeHaabHOfi nOArOTOBKH pe-
ae. BMeCTO HmHefi npO6K yCTaHaSaSamT KpaH  3BTOMO6tIabHblM HaCO-
COM 9HeprHgHO noAagefi Bo3Ayx3 gepe3 HHHH KpaH AO6HBaIOTC paTKO-
BpeMeHHIX TOaqKOB KOHTaKTOB peae. HorAa o6IBarcfl cp363TbIBaHHg
peae caeAymM npmMOM. NpH 3aKpbITOM KpaHe MemAy peae  6aoM
TpaHcOpMaTOpa gepe3 epxHn KpaH peae HarHeTaeTCn BoaAyx aV cy-
XO 33OT B opnyc AO MagCHMaabnoro SbITeCHeHtfl MaCa3 t3 peae. 33TeM
6bmTpO orKpblBaeTCg KpaH MemAy peae H 63KOM TpaHcopMaTOp3 H OHO-
BpeMeHHO OTCOeHHneTCg OW sepxHero gpaHKa Tpy6za, nO KOTOpOfi noAa-
ea ra3 s peae. UOTOK Macaa 3 6aa TpaHcopMawopa HaqHeT Hanoa-
HflTb peae, TOaKaa naaCTHny CKOpOCTIiOrO 3aeMeHT3 peae.
CneAyeT OTMeTHTb, qTO HOSm pynne TpaHcOpMaTOpbI BLICOKOrO
anpgmeHHfl, ocnameHHe naeHOqHOfi Hall a3OTHO 33mTOfi TpacopMa-
TOpHoro Macaa, rpe6yT oco6oro noxoa K nposepKe ra3oSblX peae.
B TOM caynae nOaBaTb Bo3yx B peae soo6me HeonyCTHMO. Eca 
caonpooe yCTaHOSae,I Asa e,aa (KpaHa), TO, nepeKpbm o6a paHa,
HBaT MaCaO 3 peae, 60 nOaT  peae cyxofi 33OT (eca npHMeHema
a3OTHag 3aHTa MaCaa). AaOT caeAyeT IIOaBarb qepe3 peyKTop OqeHb
OCTOpOHO. Uocae npoBepz peae 33HOaHgT MaCaOM H3 pacmpTea,
BnycKaa ra3 nepe3 sepxHnfi gpaH. Np BblTeCHeHHH H3 peae cero ra3a
OTKpbIBaT BeHTHa (KpaH) CO CTOpOHbl TpaHcopMaTOpa. )KeaaTeabno
OCHamaTb Tae TpancOopMaTOpbI (peaKTOpb0 peae Byxroaba Tna
BF-80/Q, KOTope MOmHO soo6me He npoBepgrb BTeCHeHHeM Macaa ra-
3OM. ag cTpyHX peae nposepKa CKOpOCT Cpa6aTBaHH te HpOH3BO-
AHTCg.

172 Ha.aaOa 3a12,T C ucno.ўb3o6auuem qbU.bTpO Pa3l. 6
HAJIAJIKA 3AIlI, HT C HCIIOJIb3OBAHHEM
@HJIbTPOB OBPATHOH IIOCJIEI, OBATEJIbHOCTH
6.1. OCHOBBhm TexaauecKHe ,aaahm 0aabTpa-peae
OeaOBHbIe TexHaqecKHe AaHHble qbHabTpa-peae npBeAeHbI B Ta6a. 6.1.
T a 6 a Htt a 6.1. OcOB.be ex.uecKe ja..e qb,bpa-peae
o6pav.ofi nocaeoBareabHoc
dPH]bTp-
pete THY[
PT- IM
ўHbTp-
pe. Tna
PT-2
QDH;IbTp o
pete THna
pTd)-7/I
q)H;IbTp-
pete Tana
pTq-7/2
CTH o6paTnofl
VHna PMOH-2
HOMHHaIbHHfl
rlepeMeHHbIfi TOK
HOMHHanbHOe
ltanpa:ee
LIyBcTB tITeglb-
ftOCTb HC[OIltHTelb-
HOPO opraHa:
peae KAI
peae KA2
/OLILHOCTb cpa -
6aTbIBaH.I opra-
Ha HaFIpaB.rleHHS
MOLII, HOCTH HpH l=
 0,3461o,
B. A/qbay
Yroa MagCHMaab-
HOfi qyBCTB!4TeaS-
HOCTH opraHa Ha-
rlpaB:le.!4a MOUIO-
CT, rpal (BeKTOp
Qbfl3HOFO TOKfl OFI-
pe)KaeT BeKTOp
qba3aoro Ha.pmKe-
HH)
1 HJ]H
5A
(0,3+
+1,2)
laoM
I H3IH
5A
(0,3+
1,2)
(0,1+
0,2)
10A
If0 a
220 B
(0,01+
0,08)
(0,4+
0,8)
5A
ii0 
220 B.
(0,I+
+0,2)
/HOM
(0,3+
I.,2)
/tIOM
(0,2+0,8)
3; 5,5; 8
IHOM=5 A
--1104-10
§ 6.2 Ocnoenbte no.oc, meroOa cu]ameTpuuotx cocrae.atou4ux 173
HpoOocenue ra6n. 6.1
Peae MO LiiHO -
ўHJ[BTD - ўH,rl bTp - H:IbTp - ўi0H,rl bT p - CTH O6paTHO f[
TexmqecKne aaHble pe.,Ie Tana pe.,Ie vnna peae Tnna pe.'Ie Tana noc]eAoBa-
PT-1M PT-2- PT-7/t PT-7/2 TeIbHOCTH
Tnna PMOYI-2
0,04 0,04 -- -- --
BpeMa cpa6aTN-
pe npH BypaTHOM
roe ( ToKy cpa-
6awBaHUa), He 60-
lee, c
HoTpe6aneMaa
MOII[HOCTb B CHM-
MeTpHqHOM pem'HMe
ene rlepeleHHo-
ro TOKa rip, HOM,-
H3J'IbHblX TOK H
IIpI)KeHHH,
B .A/qba3y
1-ioTpeGaseMaa
MO1RHOCTb B C.M-
MeTpHqHOM peKHMe
npH HOMHHSbHX
TOKe H Hanpa}Ke-
HIIH:
HepeMeHHoe ,a-
HpflIKeHHe,
B-Afaay
HOCTOIHHbII TOK,
BT
5.5
15
2O
15
12
15
6.2. OCHOBHble IIOAOX(eHHfl MeTOB.a CHMMeTpHqHblX
COCTaB.rl fl IOHI.HX
BCKa HeCHMMeTpHqHa CHCTeMa Tpex BeKTOpOB MOmeT pacCMaTpH-
BaTbCI KaK COCTOflulaa H3:
a) CHCTeMbI npgMO HOCJIeB, OBaTeJIbHOCTH dpa3;
6) CHCTeMbI 06paWHO! "OC,rleROBaWe,rlbHOCWH qba3;
B) CHCTeM5i nyneBofi "OC,rleAOBaTeJIbHOCTH ba3.
1-IpHHSTO BeKWOpbl npSMOfi [IOCne,OBaTeJIbHOCTH OTMeqaWb HHJIeKCOM l.
06paT.Off--HSAeKCOM 2 , HyaeOfi--H.AeKCOM 0. B COOTBeTCTBHH C 9THM
BeKWOp WOKa IvtOieieW 6bIWb npeicTanae S BHIe

174 Ha,a&ca satqltT C ucno,b3oeauttem (DUAbTpOe Pa3. 6 § 6.3 MeToOot taCTpOlCll cPHOH u cPTOH 175
_A = _A1 + _A2 + ZA0;
_ = _ + _ +
BeKTOpttbIe AHaFpaMMBI  OpMynbI CHCTeMBI CMMeTpHMX COCTaBag-
ux HapeuHf{ MeT auaflor}uuM
BBeXeHHe cnea,bHOpO onepaTopa a3N (H2H a3Horo MHOTefl)
a 03BOflgeT BeKTOpBI KaAOfi CHMMeTpgg!IOfi CIICTeMbI Bglpa3tlTb qepe3
KOf-flH60 OAH BeKTop TOil e C}CTeMBL OyHKRHH onepaTopa BBIOflHeT
BeKTOp, MoAyab KOTOpOFO paBeH eAHHHRe, a apryMeHT paBeH 120 °, T.e.
2 2
a e}o _ e_,0 1
= _ = ] ; = =1.
2 2
Eca. ay A HpttHST5 a OCHOBHyD, TO
MyT caexymfi
HocKoaKy SegTopb* ў.CTeMbl Hyaeso nocaeOBaTeabOeTa
Bb, B pacneTax
o=A0B0C0'
ToPAa OOpMyflN AflS pacewa OTAeflBHNX COCTaBflSX HpHMyT
TenbHN
1
1
, =  (h+ [ + c);
1
[= (+  + c).
p nposepge 3amT c cnonb3OBaeM abTpa peae o6paTHOfi no-
CneKOBaTeaBHOCT MeDT MeCTO Te e COOTHOme..s Meay nOaHBIM TO-
KaM  Hanpse..s., gaK  np K3. Tag, np. MTas syxaaHOPO
K3 np nposepge .abTpa-peae Hanpse.s o6paTHO nocneAosaTeabHO-
1
CT. U= Ux, a npn poBepge .aTpa-pe Toga ogpaHO
1
nocaeAosaTeabHOCT le= -- lx. Hp..M.TaU.. e OAHOaaHOPO K3
1
.p. nposepge O.abTpa-peae TOga o6paTHOfi nocaeaoBaTeaBHOCT I
6.3. MeTOJl, hl UacTpOfign qbtl31bTpOB o6paT.Ofi
.ocae,oBa'rea hIOCTH
HeCMOTpS Ha 60nbIUOe pa3Hoo6pase CXeM rlpMeIseMblX qbllabTpOB
TOga  Hanps)KeHS 06paTHOI nocaelOBaTeabHOCT HaaaAKa x nMeeV MHO-
ro o6mero H COCTOtIT Ha:
npoBepKH n peryaHpoBgn 0tacTpoftgn) qbHabTpa Ha MHnHMyM Hanpa-
Ken! (TOga) tte6aaanca;
peryaHpoBgn alaHaofi yCTaBgl4 no. ttanp:i:,KetiHio (TOKy) 06paTHOfi
npoBepgH npaBabHOCT BgaDnen aenefi HanpneHn (TOa) pa6o-
mM aanpeHeM (TOKOM) C gOHTpOaeM He6aaaHca aanpeH, (TOga).
a pe MOHOCTR o6parHofi HOCfleOBaTbHOCTH OHOflHHTeflbtlO
peryapyTc MOHOCTb cpa6aTBaHaa a yroa MagўMaabHOfi gyBCTB-
TBHOCT.
HacTpofiaa HabTpOS Ha MHHHMyM nanpseH[lS (Toga) He6aaaaca
npOH3BOATCS np noABeeH K abrpy CMMeTp,nHO CCTeM Hanps-
enfi (TOKOB) HpMO nOCaeAOBaTeaBHOCT. onyqeHe Ha MeCTe npo3-
BOACTBa HaaaAonnbiX pa6OT TagOfi CMMeTpHqHO CHCTeMBI qaCTO 6blBa-
eT 3aTpyHTebIlbIM, OCO6eHHO aa HaBTpOB TOga. HOTOMy HaCTpOfiKa
,bTpOB a MHHHMyM He6aaaHca O6nHO npO3BOWC KOCBeHHMI
TOaM np CnOSB3OBaH OHoa3HMX CXeM.
$ BCeX TnOB flbWpOB anpeH. o6pawHoh HOCSeonawesbO-
CT {p,C. 6.1) noonepeo MWpywc Byxa3.e K3 a a3ax AB,
BC  CA (pc. 6.2). Hacwpofiga ўBwpa OeHBaewc HO eH$HOCT
pa6owM bwpa p MWa K3 pa3aBx a3.
HMTa npO3BOTC noanefi Ha BXOA flbwpa OAHaKOBX

176 Ha]taOa 3auur c ucnoAbuoaanue.u OllAbTpOa PaaR. 6 § 6.3 MeToOot uacTpoOu cPHOH u cPTOH 177
11 D III 8)
a c ab c abc
Om mpac(bopamopa Har/,BR,eH/2R
PHc. 6.2. CxeMa !4MHTaIIHH pa3aHqHbIX BH,3,OB IByxqba3HblX K3 pii HacTpOf[-
e OHOYI:
a -- HMHTaIH Byxўaanoro K3 na qbaaax AB; 6 -- TO :;e AC; a -- TO me BC
:le qbHabTpa MO}KHO H3MepTb HarlpKeHH Ha BxoRe abTpa npH cpa-
6aTBaHHH HCHOHHTRbHOFO pRe. B aTOM cyqaR HbTp CqHTflRTC
CTpOeHHM, ecaH OTaHqH HaHpeHH cpaaTBaHH pee /cp.p OT CBOe-
rO cpeHerO 3Ha.eliza 6yyT TaKe He 6oaee 2--3 %. Hp 66abmx OTa-
.HX HeO6XOAHMa peryaHpoBga .abTpa. PeryaHpoBga 3aam.ae B 3-
MeHeH pe3cTopoB HabTpa 0 noay.eH paC.eTHX 3Ha.efi COOTHO-
meH Mey ero aaeMe.TaM H HpOH3BOHTC np OTCOe.HeHHOfi
Harpyage no CXeMe, npuaeeHHOfi Ha pc. 6.2,6, npn noaqe na BXO
UabTpa nanpeHufl Ux=100 B. Hpu aTOM o6a naeqa UbTpa oKa3-
BaTCn nOameHHbM K OHOMy U TOMy e nanpneH.
CoraacHo aeTOpHOfi AarpaMMe eHarpyenoro CHOH (pc. 6.3)
np HaCTpOeOM nabTpe OTOmene naenfi nanpfleHfi Ha aaeMeHTaX
ltabTpa a naeqax paBHO , T. e. 86,5 B/50 B npn U,x= 100 B, a ,anp-
eHne na axoe ўzbWpa paanoOsx, T. e. 86,5 B. HaMeneneM ўO-
npowuBenfl peryanpyeMx pe3ucwopoB 06uaamwcfl paceaezeun naae-
nn nanpenn no aaeMeHWaM HOH c TOqHOCWbIO He He I 0]0. BobV-
Me,p, UCnOZb3yegbh afl n3MepeHn nanpeHnfi
oae 6wb C MflbIM nowpe6aeHneM (R.I000 OM/B), TO6M
aeHO e U3Meaawb n3MepfleMoe conpowuaaene. Cae2yew UMeTb a auy,
WO ae npn TaKllx cpaBHTbHO 60bX 3aaqeHX BHyWpeHero CO-
npowuBaeHU aOabWMeWpoa BOCUTCfl norpemHOCWb 0,51
aymux 3Haqennx conpowuaaeHUfi aaeMeHWOB Habwpa), npnqeM Bceraa
B cwopOHy yMeHbmeHU eCTBHTbHX 3uaqeu, gOTopy neO6XOUMO
yqHTbIBaTb. TaK KaK C TaKHM iioTpe6aeH!leM BOabTMeTpbl BbIIIOatIIIOTCff
C IIOJIyHpoBoIHHKOBbIMH BbIIIpIMHTe3MH H HX KIaCC TOqHOCTH peKO pe-
BbltHaeT 2,5, 0 epel npoBepKofi pacpeeaetm HapKeHHfi 0 IeMeH-
TaM qbHJ]bTpa H(;O6XOIHMO cBepHTb eFO C KOHT ]O,bHb]M BOIbTMeTpOM Kaacca

178 HaaaBK.a aU4uT C ucno.beoeanue,.,u dpUAbTpOO Paa. 6 § 6.3 MeroObt nacTpoVgU cI:)HOH u cI:)T OH 179
7 KV a
PHc. 6,4. lqpHHUHnHaJibtta cxela
qbHJIbTpa-peJIe TOga o6paTtlOfl no-
caeomaTeabHOCTn Tnna PTP-IM
noamweJIbtlOM opraHe rlpOHaBOT
aMnepMeTpOM C MaqbIM noTpe6JIetll4-
eM, qTO6bl cyIIeCTBeHHO He It3Me-
aaTb HarpyaKy na qbHJIbTp, dPHJlbTp
cqgwaeTcFI gacTpoeuUblM y,OBJieTBO*
pHTeJIbHO, ecJiH TOKH Ha BxoAe
rDa npH HMHTaILHH Bcex BHAOB Asyx-
qbanmx n onoqbanblX K3 se OTa.-
qaloTcfl OT cpeAHHX 3HaqeHlil 6oaee
qeM Ha 2-- % .H OTHOLUeHIie sHaqe-
HHfI Ix npH ItMHTaILItll O/HOqba3IlblX
K3 H nyxqbasnmx K3 npaMepno
paBHO
BMeCTO H3MepeHH$t TOKOB Ha
xoJl, e (1)HdlbTpa MOXZHO H3MepaTB TOK
Ha Bxoe qbHabTpa npH cpa6aTbIBa-
flHH HCnOaHTeabHOrO peae. B TOM
cayae qbHabWp CqVlwaewct HaCwpoetI*
HbIM, earth OTJIHqHfl TOKOB cpa6aTm-
na. peae lcp.p OW cpcA.ero s.ae-
n 5yAyw Tame .e 5oaee 2--8 %'
a gaacoro a K3. rIp 50m,-
llIHX OTJIHqH$tX IIpOH3BOB, HTCfl pery-
nHpOBKa qbHnbTpa. PerynHpoBKa 3aKnloqaeTci B H3MepeHHH conpoTI4BaeHI4fl
nepeMeHHblX peaHCTOpOB (Z,nI qbHnbTpa-peJie THna PT-2 Z, OnOnHI4TenbHO
X) o noayqeHn pacqeTHblX 3HaqeHHi COOWHOmeHItfI Merely ero aeMeH-
TaMH.
Oap-peae Tna PTO-1M. B ony nepnnqHylO 06MOTKy Tpascqbop-
MaTOpa TOKa TA H OHy TpancpeaTopa TAV (CM. pHC. 6.4) noaeTca
tto)a3HbI CHHyCOIUaIbHblfI TOK 21,OM TaK, qTO6bl HaIlpaB3leHlle TOKa B
6bldlO BCTpeqItblM, HanpnMep Ha BbIBOABI 5-6, H IlpH OTCOe/HHeHHO! Harpym-.
Ke (CHaTa HaKnaAKa 11-12) H3MepatOTCa naAeHna HanpaxeHHa Ha pencTO-
pax R1  R2  Hanpa}KeHHe Ha BblXO/e )HJlbTpa Uў BOdlbTMeWpOM C ia3lblM
noTpe6aenaei (R,>1000 OM/B). Ka maCHO Ha egTopnofi Harpali
pHC. 6.5, e, Bce TpH HanpameHHa /OnmHbl 6blTb paBH. TaK KaK
MeHeHHH conpOTHB.qeHHIt pe3HcTopa /2 H3MettaeTCa He TOdIbKO 3HaqeHlte
na/eHHa HanpameHna Ha HeM, HO  qba3a TOrO HanpameHna no OTnomenIll0
K TOKy B nepBHqHO 06MOTKe TpaHcpeaKTOpa TAV, a npn tt3MetteHHtl CO o
npOTHB3IeHHI peacTopa R1 H3MeHIeTCfl TOdIbKO 3HaqeHHe na/eHa Hanpa
KeHHI Ha HeM, 8 yroa HpaKTHqeCKH He MeH$teT cBoero 3HaqeHHFI, TO pery"
nHpOBKy HaqHHalOT C H3MeHeHHI conpOTHBneHHH pesHcTopa R2. 3aTeM
eHeHHeM coHpOTHBIeHHI pe3HcTopa R1 ypaBHHBaIOTCI naAeHg
PHC. 6.5. BeKTOpHaa HarpaMMa HeHarpyxeHHOrO OTOFI OHabTpa-peae TH-
na PTO-IM:
a- p O,Be,eHHH K bHIbTpy TOKOB IIpMOf ocaeOBaTeabHOCTH; 6- TO me oOpaT-
HOI nocIe,OBaTeIbHOCTl4; a--TO >Ke o,obasoro TOKa (TOKI4 B nepBl4qHblX OOMOT-
Kax TA I,I TAV HanpaBaem BCwpeo)
Tpe6aeHHeM B uenax HanpameHHa (HanpHMep, BAq-85 Hart qba3OHHiIHKaTO-
pa H3 KOMIHnJIeKTHOrO yCTpOCTBa [13-2) HacTpoKy tmbTpa yO6HO
HpOH3BOHTb, HaMepaa yroa cuHra Mey nepuHqHbM TOKOM H Hanpae-
HHeM Up2, KOTOpbIfi AonmeH 6bITb paBeH 60 °, taH MemAy .anpameHHaMa
U  Ue, yron Megay KOTOpmMn aongeu 6mTb paseH 120% PeryanponKa
yraa ocyecTBnfleTCfl HSMeHeHHeM ConpOTHBneHH peacTopa R2. 3aTeM,
KaK  n nepsoM cayqae, conpoTHBaeHHe pe3HcTopa R1 H3MeHeTCa AO HO-
ayqeHHa paBeHCTBa Um = Un  H3MepeTC .Uў, KOTopQe 6yAew npHMepHo
pasHo Uў = U = U2.
3HaqHTedlbHOe OTHqHe Me OT Vl = V MOeT 6bITb BM3BaHO aorpem-
HOCTbm aepeHa yraa aa ceT Kaacca TOqHOCT np6opo (y BA*-8
TOHOCTb yCTaK yraa 5 °, y aaOHAHKaTopa 10°). BO a6ematme
om6o, maaHHmX ueTOnOCTbm ycTano yraa, meaaTeabuo MeTb
nogpaBoqHy KpgBy B KOHTpOabHblX OqKX.
ocae HacTpOKH HabTpa a6blM Ha gpHBeeHHblX CgOCO60B HOBTO*
pm npoepy p noae TOga  pyre nepnme 06MOT TA  TAV,
aa ero cTaaT nepemy emy soa 2-8  noamT cnycoaab-
bi TOK Ha OA 1-4. Hp yAoaeTOpTbSO HacTpoKe abTpa
peayabTaTN gaMepeHga He oamaN OTalqaTa 6oaee qeM Ha  %.
12'

180 Ha,aaOKa 3aU{UT C ucno.abosanue pUAbTp08 Pa3,. 6 § 6.3 MeToObt ttacTpoflKU ChHOH u chTOH
Pnc. 6.8. I]pnHLlnnnaabHa cxeMa qbnabTpa-peae TOKa o6pavnof nocaelo-
BaTedlBHOCTVl vnna PTў-7/1

182 ' HaAaOa 3atur C ucno,,3otanueў (3ttAbTpOt3 Pa3R. 6 § 6.5 17potepa CU,brpa-pee TOta 06p. rtOCAeOOt3aTe./lHOCT[l 183
Piic. 6.9. BegTopHbe HarpaMMbI HenarpyxCeHnoro @TOYI CHabTpa-peae
WOKa o6pawHofi nocaeRoBaweabHocwx WnnOS PT@-7/1  PT@-7/2:
a--.px noBeReH K abTpy TOKOB HpMO OCaeROBaTeabHOCT; O--TO e o6pa
6.4. HpoaepKa XabTpa-peae HanpflKeHan
o6paTnO HoceROBaTebHOCTg
Ucp.p
l-lO 9TOI >Ke cxeMe npoBepReTcR Ilanp)geune BO3Bpawa peae u OTCyT-
CTe B6paa HcnoatiTeaHoro pee HapmeHa np oaqe Ha BXO
[lbTpa Haapmeufi OT 1,05 Ucp.p O 120--130 B.
paH OHa ycTpaIIeTC, KaK y ObIqHOFO 3eKTpOMaFHTHOFO pete
eHH. ECH  oyqeH nyHO yCTaBKH NO U2 yKa3aTeb Ka.
HCHOHHTebHOFO peae npxo;TCa CMeCTHTb OT HyHOFO AeeHn, TO
MeHT perya.poBgy HCHOHHTCSbHOFO peae  cttoBa HOBTOpmT npoepKy.
aa onpeeaeHaa KOam.eHra aanaca (OTCTpOfiK00T Hanpameara
e6aaaaca onoaaTeao .3Mepmr Haapnmeaaa Ha mxoAe
cpa6aTarm. H BOaBpaTe mnoaa.TezHoro peae BOabTMeTpOM C MaZM
orpe6nea.M (R.>1000 OM/B). Horpe6aeHae aabrpa-pene raMepaeT-
c np poepKe oR pa6oqHM HaapeHHeM.
HabTpbI-pee HanpeaH RpyrHx THnOB poBepmc aHanorHqHo.
Y HeoTopx r.nOS aaTpa-peae, nap.Mep PHў-I, Tpyo ycTpanaeTCa
.6paK.a KOHTaKTOS .coan.reanoro peae, s aTO, cayae ycTaHaBa.sa-
 napaaaeaao O6MOTe aToro peae .acmmam.fica apoccea, gOTOp
HeaHaq.TeabHO .aMeHaer ycTanKy peae, no pe3Ko yMebmaeT nanpaea.e
.a HeM np. 6oabm.x aaaqe.ax nonoa.Moro  .arpy-peae .anpae-
H.a o6paTHOfi ocaeosaTbHOCT..
an oayqeH.a Maamx aHa.emfi napaeH.a cpa6armBaH.a peae
Ha smxoe .arpa BMeCTO aaeKTpOMarH.THOrO peae Hanpaen.a ycTa-
HaSa.samT qycTS.Teame nonap.aoBanme peae, BKaqeaHme B cxeMax
c BmnpaaeH.eM. B aVOM cayqae ann .cgamqeH.a Baaa.a Bmcm.x rapMo-
raqecKrx B pHBofi HanpaeH.a aOnOaH.TeabHO yCTaaBa.BamT aammme
qaCTOTHme ў.abTpm. poBepa aCTOTHmX .arpOB p.Beena B pa3R. 9.
6.5. HponepKaaabTpa-peae TOKa
o6paTnOfi HOCeROBaTebHOCTH
@XabTp-peae vxna PTO-IM. f[a nponepKH qbnabTpa-peae TnHa
PTў-IM neo6xonMO nMeTb 3aaHny ycTasy nO TOgy cpa6aTBana,
KOTOpa 3aaeTc O6qHO BO BTOpHqHblX ToKax 1, n MagCMaabHbIfi TOK
wpexaauoro 3 Aa OKeHKH HoBeAeHH peae Ha OTCyTCTBHe aOHblX cpa-
6arblBaSHfi.
PeryapoBxa aaaao ycTasgn nO TOgy o6paTnO nocaeonaTeabnO-
CTH HpO3BORWCg npn MWaK RByxa3Horo K3 MemRy 6bMn a3a-
MH H3MepeHHeM TOKa Ha BXOe HbTpa HpH Cpa6aTbIBaHH HCHOHHTeb-
HOFO pete TOKa, Ha KOTOpOM HpeRBapTebHO BbICTaBeHa HO Kae HeO-
XORnMMan ycTaBxa n nepeMmqaMn HygHmfi Rnana3o peryanpoBn TOKa
(X1 nan X2).
Tog cpa6aTbmaHng peae, A,  a3Hb;X ToKax o6paTuofi nocaeRoaTeab-
IIOCTH HocqHTB3eTCg HO OpMye
Ho Toil e exeMe npoepeTC, WOK oanpaTa peaen OTCyTCTne n6-
paann ncnoannTbnbxx peae TOga npn noRaqe Ha BXOR CnabTpa TOKOB OT
1,05 lop RO 1 max. Hpn nOaBennn Bn6paunn ona ycTpaSgeTCg, gag y 06blq-
HOrO aaeKTpoarnTHOrO peae oxa.
OKeHga nonee.n peae Ha OTCyTCTBne aOmHUX cpa6aTuaaHHfi npH
MagcMaabHOU TOK Tpexaanoro 3 npon3BOnTCg KOCBHHBIM MTOOM

184
HaAaOa 3aUT C ucnoao3oaanue CUAbTpO0 Pa3R, 6
npoBepgofI amefmocTn OTOYI, a qero nooqepeo  asaM peae AB,
BC it CA HOBOHTC TOK/ max H H3MepaeTCa TOK B HfiHOHHTebHOM pe-
ae BaH HaNpeHne Ha BblXOe HabTpa. HaH60bma pa3HOCTb am6bIX
Byx H3MepeHH TOKa HH HanpaeHH He &oaHa npeBbImaTb 3HaqeHH
lepKV HH UCpKV COOTBeTCTBeHHO. BTopHqHM TOK HH HaHpaeHHe cpa-
6aTMBaHHfl HCHOHHTebHOFO peae onpeReaaeTcg nocae nposepKH HaCTpO"
UU peae no zofi me cxeMe. CeRyew NOMHHTB, qTO npH6OpSl, uCnOab3yeMble
aa 13MepeHu TOKa (HanpeH) cpa6awmBaHa, ROHbl 6bITb C He-
6oamH noTpe6aeHeM (HanpuMep, BAў-85)  me,aaTeHO TOrO me
ha, oTopIfi 5yeT ucno3osaTsc npu nposepe noa ltarpy3Kofi UaTpa-
pete.
Ouavp-peae vna PT-2. poBepKa npOU3BOaUTCa auaornHo poBep-
e OaTpa-peae TIna PTў-IM. Oc05eHHOCTm ўaTpa-peae Tma PT-2
SBaaeTca 6oama saBUCUMOCT5 aUHefiSOCTU iemRy TOUOM Ha BxoRe CTOH.
B TOKOM, npoxoRi no OMOTKaM CnOaBHTeabHblX peae, OW HarpysKH
HabTpa. OWOMy H3MeHeHHe Harpy3KH UabTpa Ao6aBaenueM Tpewbero
peae nan 3aMeBa ORHOrO H3 yCTaHOBaeHHBIX peae Ha pyrofi npeRea
BOXHT K H3MeHeHH Runa3oHa yCTaBOK peae. BTOpHqHBIfi TOK (Hanpame
BHe) cpa6aTblBaHHa onpeReaaeTc TOabKO Raa 6oaee qyBCTBHTeaBHOrO peae
KA2 (CM. puc. 6.8).
OaTp-peae vuno PT-7/1  PT-7/2. HpoBepua npOUSBORUTC
aaaoruHO npoBepKe CUabTpa-peae Tuna PTў-IM. Hepe peryaupoBuo
3aaHHO yCTaBKH 0 TOKy 06paTHOfi NocaeRoBaTeabHOCTH npoBepamTCa
BcnpaBHOCTB NoaapH3oBaHHBIX peae u CTa6HaH3aTopoB HanpameHua, rpa-
AyupoBKa mKaa MUaauaMnepMevpa.
 NoaapH3oBaHHME peae npoBepaeTca 3a3op MemRy KOHTaKTaMH H CO
npOWBaeUuaU u30aauu flKopa peae OTHOCITeabHO .iarBuTOnpOBOAa i
raOMMeTpoi 500 B. 3aop MemAy KOHTaKTaMH, usiepesSb; cneRuaabHm
mynoM (N 4, 5), noameu blTb He Melee 0,4 ii. Conpo,uBaeuue usoam
ue opMupyeTC, 0 B npauTuue o6muo 5mBaeT s npeeaax 10--100 MO
npu MeHbmUx saeuuax wmaTeabuo npoBepmT OyTCTBUe ieTaaaHqKU]
onnaoK  sasope iemAy nOCTOffHHUM MaFHHTOM H nOBHmHUM aKopeu
peae.
HcnpaBHOCTb cTa6ffan3aopoB HanpameHna n npaBnabHOCTb nX
qeHn no noaapHOCTn npoeepTCa no eTone, 3aOmeHHOfi a  9.3.
Hocae npoBepKn ncnpaBaOCTn ўTa6HH3aTOpOB nanpamenna (cTa6nan
TpOHOB) npon3aOnTCa npoepKa orpaunqeana sanpseHna Hfl BbIXOA{
nabTpa npn paToapelenuo noaaqe na xo naTpa (auoal 5-7)
KOB  Inou, 4 lo H 6 lnou. HanpffeHHe H BMXOAe MeHffeTCff He3HqHTeb
SO n ae npeaocxonT 105--110 B. TaK KflK Kpnaaa nanpameHna HMe
cabHO cKaeHblfi B--cpeaau aepx cHHyCOM, nsepeHne Hanpamt
sna pa3HMn TnnaMn npn6opoB AaeT pa3anqHble noKa3anna.
FpayHpoBKa mKaa MtaaHainepMewpa npOBOTCfl np naaaHOfi C
Aaqe ToKa B a3bl AB. HocaeHa TOqKfl mKaaM oamHa COOTBeTBOBa
oKy 06paTHb nocaeoaaTeabaOCTn na xoAe nabTpa 0,25Iao. Hpn n
06XOHMOCTH peryaHpoBKa ocyTBaaeTCa 3MeHeHeM conpoTtlBaeHH
pesncTopa RT.
3aAannue ycTan peryanpyTca cnaqaaa y peae K2, aaTei y KI
oAaHHOM Ha peae OCTOffHHOM TOKe. CTaBK peae K2 peryanpyea n
eeHne conponaeHna nepeMemmlX pesncTopo, noaqeuux napal
aeabno o6ioTe peae (R4 y peae PTO-7/1 n R4' nan R4" y peae PTO-7/2'.
EcaH ycTaBKa OTHqeTCff OT KflM, npoHaBOHTCa npoaepKa
§ 6.6
Hpoeepna peAe Tuna PMOH-2
185
BaHHOFO peae npn IIHTaHHH ero pa6oqefi O6MOTKH (BbIBOAbI 1-4) OT HCTOq-
HnEa nOCTOaHHOrO ToEa. TOE cpa6aTInaHna OameH 6blT  nPee.ax
3,35--3,45 MA (Fcp=22 A), osbtaeT aoaapaa--ne MeHee 0,5.
[di$t OILeHKH noeeHHa peae Ha OTCyTCTBHe JIO:'KHblX Cpa6aTbIBaFIHfi YIpH
TOKe Tpexba3Horo K3 6 I.o, H3MepIIOTC$t Ha[lpflXZeHHe H WOK Ha BblXoe
nabTpa TOEOS o6paTaofi noeaeosaTebHocw npn cpa6aTmaHm Peae K2
(MeTO23IKa OeHEtI npnseeHa ablme Ha npiMepe HaCTpOfiEH (mbTla_pene
PTO-IM).
3aKaHqHBaeTCI npoBepKa nposepKofi Ha2,e:;:HOCTH pa6oTbI KOI2TaKTOB
peae I(1  I(2  Aana3oHe TOKOn OT Icp 0 6
6.6. Hpo8epKa peae nanpa8aeHnn 1MOLKHOCT H
o6paTnOfi nocaeAonaTeabnOCTn
Peae MomHocaoH aqna PMOfl-2 (pile. 6.10--6.12). :Ia npoaep peae
IlpH HOBOM BKJIIOqeHHH HeO6XOHMO HMeTb 3aAaHHyIO ycTaBKy HO TORy cr a
6aWlaaHHa nyCEOBOrO opraHa (peae KA) Eowo"aa ........ r "
' ' a,tl, aeTcH BO BTOI)HqHBIX
TOKaX lcp, BTOpHqHylO MOII/HOCTb ,cpa6aThlBaHHff 06paTHO! nOCIeAoBa-
TenbHOCTH (peme KW), HCnOJIbsyeMbm OTnafiKH npOMe>KyTOqHblX Tpneqbop.
MaTOpOB VOKa (TAI H TA2) I MaKcHMaўIbHSIe TOKH AByXbaSHOFO I TpeX-
aaHoro K3 H ByxqbaaHoro I(3 <<aa CnHHOfI>>. _
Ilpoeepa peae KA. Hoc.e HacTpO!Ktl OpHabwpoB O6paTHOff nocIeAona.
TeJIbHOCTH TOKa H HanpIeHI4 no HaJIO>KHHo. B § 6.3 MeTO2HKe nDoBep.
Pnc. 6.10. YIpnHnnnanbHas cxeMa peae MOIIIHOCT 06paTHO noceoBa.
TeaboeTH Tnna PMOI-I-2:
--MabTp TOKa o6paTo OCaeoBaTeabOeTM; 6 __ MahTp saspsesns
nOCaeOBaTeHHOCTH; 8 -- KOHTaKTMMe CHCTeMM

186 Haaac)lca 3aV4UT C ucnoo3oaanue dflu.noTpOў3 Paaz,. 6 § 6.6 Flpoeepna peAe Tuna PMOH-2 187
qbnabTpa Uc I Uc. FIp OTCyTCTB!4!4 tB.rleH!4.l eppope3onaHca Hanpa-
eHH Ha KOHeHCaTOpax 6yyT yBe3HqHBaWbC HpaKTHqecKH HHefiHO npi
yBeanneHn oa.
Hpoeepna peAe KIV aqHaeTc c npoBepx OTCyTCTBHff caMoxooB
npn nOOCTb OTnymemtofi BO3BpaTOfi npymlHe. CaMoxo OT TOga npo-
epeTc np nlnTan syxa3HorO K3 Ha 6bx a3ax pn 3aKopO-
qHHX eHX HaHpўHH KpaTKoBpeMeHHOfi Hoaqefl TOKOB OT HOMHH,b-
IOFO O MaKCHMa;bHOFO TOKa K3 <<3a fiHHHOft>>. CaMOXOA yeTpafieTe no-
BopoyoM CTa3bHOrO cepeqHHKa, HMPeFO gpe3 HO A3HHe. EC,H He yaeT-
c HOHOCTb ycTpaHTb CaMOXO BO BCOM AHana3one TOKOB, TO pazpema-
e'rc ocTasaa'rb camxoa, noTopbfi ycTpanaewca 3aTnofi
npyanb ia yroa ue 6oaee 30  (noapo6nee o MeToanxe ycTpaHem{a CaMO-
XOaO a MeXaHnqecxofi peryaapouxe peae CM.  } 2.6). CaMoxoa OT uanpne-
un npoepneTca npn nnTaunn anyxaaHoro K3 ua am6bx a3ax npn
paaoxuyTbIX Kenax TOXa xpaTxopeMeuuofi noaqefi uanpameann  30
o 110 B. CaMoxoa ycTpauneTca Tame nonopOTOM cTaabnoro cepaeqHnxa,
npn 3TO uaxoanTCn Taxoe noaomeune, npn KOTOpOM CaMOXOA OT TOKa
n uanpnmenun ycTpanaeTca noauTbm nan 3aTRRofi Bo3BpaTHofi npymn-
H ua yroa ue 6oaee 30 °.
Hocae ycTpaueuna caoxoao npoepaeTca 3oua pa6oT peaen onpe-
aeaaeTca yroa MaXcnMaabuofi qyCTnTeabUTn npn noqepeauofi nTa-
nn Oauoa3HX K3 na aaax A, B n C npn oTnyeuHOn noapaTHOfi npy-
mnue n UOMnUaabubx 3uaqennnx ToKa n nanpameuua. 3oua pa6o peae
aOamHa uaxonTbCn n npeaax 160180340 °, yroa MaKcnMaabaOfi qyu-
CTBHabHOeTH u.2=l 10ml0  (exTop aauoro Toga onepemaeT BeKTop
azHoro
ra MaKcnMaabofi qyscTnTeabOCTn npn Tpex nnaax on6ўaznoro
K3 ne aoamn OTanqaTbc apyr ov apyra 6oaee qeM Ha 5 °. Hp coBnaae-
nnn noayqeHHOfi 30 pa6OT peaec 3aBOCKOfi MapXnponKa OaOnOap-
HX 3aMOB CqHTaeTcg npaBnabHOfi. aa oRenK ycaoBnfi cpa6aTbmaann
peae rip. npoBepEe peae anpaBaenn MomOCT K TOEOM sarpy3gn
n pa6ou. anpenneM .MnTane oHoa3noro K3 .3epeTc MOm-
OCTb cpa6aTmBasn peae K np..M.Tamm oRaoa3noro K3 na ae A
np. ToKe, paBO HOMnHaabHoMy, n Npn yrae, paB.o yray
qyBCTBTeabHOCT (11010°), noayue.oMy B npeaBiRyme npoBepKe.
UpoBepKa qyBCTBnTeaBHOCTn npomoRnTC npn .opMaaBSO 3aTtiRe npy-
HH.
a oen ycaOBnfi cpa6aTBma. peae np npoepKe peae nanpaB-
ae. MOmaOCTn TOKOM tarpy3., pa6oqnM .HanpenneM nnTanefi
myxa3Horo K3 Ha a3ax BC lpoBepeTc 30Ha pa6oT n opeReaeTc
yroa MKCHMaBHO qyBCTBHTeflBHTH (2).n HO HOflHbIM TOKaM H Hanpme-
HHHM HpH HMHTaHH TOFO e Bna 3. I]pH MnTan noRaTc HOMH-
aaBme TO  nanpmene. 3oa pa6oT peae Roaa HaxoRnTBC B npe-
Reaax 70--180--250 °, yroa MaC.MaaBHOfi qyBCTBHTbHTHB npee-
aax 16010 ° (BeEwop oEa OTCTaeT nO a3e OW BeKTOpa HanpneH.).
pn nMnTaI4 Byxa3moro K3 .a a3ax BC npomepseTc qyBCTBnTeaB-
iOCTB peae np nopaabHofi 3aTEe BO3BpaTHOfi npy.b. Ha peae no-
Rae TO, paBsmfi 0,346 I.o.,  rip. yrae aKcaMaaBofi qyTBTeabnO-
CT 3mepewc anpe.e cpa6amBann Uc peae K. No
ofi ўopyae Pў = 0,192 Uc,lo=  BOaBTaMnepax NORCqnTBIBaeTC
OnOCVb cpa6aTmBanm

188 HaaOa auur C ucnom, aoanue U.abrpo Paa,. 6 § 6.8 Hpoeepa auu' pa6ou, "roto u tanpcetue 189
6.7. KoMnaeKcHafl npoaepRa aamaT c tnabTpaur
06paTHOfi nocae,a, OBaTeabHOCTn
B o6HeM KOMIIJIeKCHO npoBepKH 3aIJ/HT BXOA$iT:
a) npoBepKa BpeMeHH pa6OTbl 3aIIIHTSI B nOnHO cxeMe;
6) nposepKa MOmliOCTH, noTpe6ngeMo ILeHgMH nepeMeHliOrO TOKa;
S)
npoBepKa BSaHMOZ, eICTBHg pene M annapaTypm;
r) npoBepKa AeCTBH{ 3alIIHTb! Ita OTK31OHeHHe BbIKJIIOqaTedleI, AefiCT-
BIlfl CHrHanH3aKHH H B3aHMOAeCTBHg C lpyrIIMH 3aIRHTaMII I aBTOMaTIIqe-
CKHMH yCTpO.CTBaMH;
l) npoBepKa Kene nepeMeHltoro TOKa OT nOCTOpOHHer0 HCTOqHHKa.
1-lpoBepKa I10 II. a)--r) HHKaKHX Oc06eHHOCTe! He HieeT H BbIIIOYlHIeT-
CA aHanOrHqHO COOTBeTCTBylOlilHM IlpOBepgaM ,pyrHx 3alIIHT.
1-[poBepKa Lenefi nepeMeHHOrO TOKa .OT nOCTOpOHHerO HCTOqHHKa Bbl-
nonHaeTca no OHOa3HO! HJ1H Tpexqba3HO cxeMe. 1-IpH yCTaHoBKe 3alilliT
a npHcoelHHenHax aHHHH npoBepKa, KaK npaao, npOHaBO,liTCa no o,no-
dpaaHof cxeMe npH nooqepeRnofi noRaqe TOKa OT narpyaoqnoro TpaHcqbop-
maTopa B nepBHqHylo 06MOTKy TpancqbopMaTOpOB WOKa BceX wpex qba3 Inli
nonapHo (CM. § 1.4) C HsMepeHHeM TOKa Ha BXOHSlX 3amHMaX peae. TaKHe
np:BepKH nOATBepAKAaOT TOIbKO HcI]paBHOCTb lleneff TOKa, nO lle II03BOna"
IOT Aa}Ke npeAnapHTe21bHO OKeHHTb HaCTpOffKy gpHnbTpOS, l'Ipli yeTaliOBKe
3amHT Ha reHepaTopax, aBToTpaHcqbopMaTOpaX H TpaHcqbopMaTOpaX,
npoBepKli AHqbqbepeHllHaIbnblX 3alIIHT KOTOpblX IOAaeTCa nOliHhKeHliOe
TpexqbasHoe lianpaxeHHe (CM. § 4.4), noaBaaeTea BOSMOXHOCTb npoBepliTb
He TOJIbKO IcnpaBHOCTb TOKOBbIX llene, HO H npaBHnbHOCTb HaCTpOIKH
qbHabTpOB TOKa o6paTHOfl IOCaeAOBaTe31bHOCTH. rlpH 9TOI IpoBepKe
BaeMoe B nepBHqtlylO CxeMy llOHIDKeliHOe Hanpa}KeHHe 0613aTe21bHO
HO HMeT5 TO qepeAoBaHHe qba3, KOTOpOe 6yAeT HMeTb pa6oqee Hal]paKeHHe.
YKaSaHHSIe IpOBepKH I03BOaalOT IIOnHOCTblO lpoBepHTb licIpaBHOCTb
H I'ipaBHYlbHOCTb BKYlIOqeHH 3alilliT c HCl'iOnb3OBaHHeM qbHnbTpa-pee TOKa
06paTHOfi IIOCJIe)J, OBaTeJIbHOCTH H H nepBoe BKJIIOqeHHe riO, pa6oqee HanpI-
PAeHHe samHmaeMx ripHcoeAHHeHH ltMeTb saIIIHTSI C AetcTBteM Ha OT-
KIOqeHHe, qTO OC06eHnO Ba}KHO na aBToTpaHCqbOpMaTOpOB H TpaHcdpopMa-
TOpOB.
YIpoBepKa Kenefi HalipgeHa Ha nO'HHXeliHOM HanpgmeHH la 3amrlT
c ncnoabao8anneM qbnabTpa-peae nanpKeHHn, ga npa8ao, He npona80-
HTCg. MeTOAHKa npoBepKH 3amHT npH noaqe npHcoeAHHeHHa HOHHeH-
HOrO TpexCa3Horo HanpameHna He nMeeT cymecTneaHbIX OTanq.ff OT
BepoK noa pa6onM TOOM, OTOpa uaOeHa
6.8. poepa aam pa6on.M OO  anpme.e
HpoBepKa .abpa-peae Toga. ponepKy eaaTenbHO npoonTb npa
pa6oeM TOe paHcopaTOpOB TOga e Meuee 20 % nOMmmanoro sa-
mmaeoro npcoenen np CMMeTpaOfi Harpy3Ee. opRoE npo-
ep ceym:
a) H3MepgTC 3HaeH  a3bi TOKOB TpeX a3 n TOE He6aaaHca
B nyaeBOM npoBoe (eca nyaeBOfi npOBO CnOnb3yeTc B 3amTe). Onpe-
neaeTC epenoBase a3 TOKa, nOnaHHX Ha peae;
6) 3MepeTc TO e6aaaHCa sa Bxoe TO, npOBORHTC ero
oea  cpasee c 3aBORCKM RaHHbIM. p eO6XOROCT OTpO-
apye opa pBo TOga se6aaanca;
B) nepepeaTC a3N ToKa Ha BxoRe aTpa (paTOBpeMe-
0), np TO 3MepeTC TOK Ha BbxoRe TO  BeReTC
3a noBeReHe KOHTaKTOB cnoaHTeabsoro peae (cpa6aTmBaeT a HeT),
npOBORTC oReHEa;
r) BOCCTaHaBBaeTC cxeMa OOBX enefi. OBTOpnO npoBepeTC
TOE e6aaaHca Ha BsxoRe TO. p He3MeHHo arpy3Ee 3HaeHe He
RoamHo OTaaTc OT 3epeHHoro B n. a);
) paceTOm onpeeaeTc KO3ReHT OTCTpOK OT cBepXTOKOB
p Tpexasom cmmeTpnom K3:
(3) 16. i3) "
H6.  larp '
(3) '
1H6.
re I -- B maaamnepmeTpax.
M3mepeme Toga B a3ax, B yaeBom npoBoe, a BxoRe aTpa
• TOH  cnTe BeTOpSO arpamm npO3BOnTC np6opoM BA-85.
OBmmeHHse 3saeH TOKa He6aaHca Ha BbXoe TON np npa-
Bo ero HcTpOKe OryT 6Tb BN3Bali: naaem  KpBO
Rmoro TOKa rapoecKx ўOўTaBX (06HO TpeT
ae mmeTpno nORBOmmx TOO, pase  aCTOTaX CeT
np npoepe pa6om anpmesem  np npoBepe nacTpo aTpa.
eT BaH TX aKTopoB RocTaTOSO caomeH, np npoepKe
TO noaya TaKO pem, KOFR BHe 7x aKTopoB Ha TOK
6aaaca
poepa asa-pee
3mepT saes  npoBepT epeoae a3 aseHmx
meN, nORBONX K aTpy, 3mepmT anpese ne6aaasca na Bm-
HepepemBa RBe asm anpe a xoe aTpa (paToBpe-
eso), 3epT nanpee sa Bxoe aTpa  sa6aRaT 3a
BeReem cnoaTeaoro peae.  earpymeoro aTpa anpmee
Ha BmxoRe Roamno 6roTS pano 1,5 U==; Ta a np npoBepe U=U=,

190 HaaOa au4uT c ucnom,osmtue dpu.at, rpoo PasA. 6 § 6.8 Hpoeepa sauu' pa6oum TOOm U tmnpcetuem 191
abc
n boO , xa boo
pamopoO
K npolepeo5, pete
obcO abcO
ohcO
ab cO,,
Om mpancqOpnomopo mora
peae 0aam A nolaeTc HyaeBOfi npoo) OT TOrO Ke TpaHc0opMaTopa ua-
np}KeHn (pnc. 6.13). YIp14 9TOM Ha sxo)e peae PMOH dpa3uoe 14anp}Ke-
14!4e qba3bl A CTaHOBTC paBubIM UyJHO, UaK 14 B MeCTe OAHO3a3HOFO I<3.
Ha 3a::nM lleril4 Toua qba3bl A pene PMOYI nooqepe)HO noAaloTc OT TpaHc-
qbOpMaTOpOB TOKa TOI<14 dpa3 la, l,, Ic. Ylo)aqa B dpa3y A pete TOUOB pa3-
a14qHLX Oa3 ueo6xoMa )Ia UCKmOqeH14 Om146K p14 onpeReneH1414 npa-
BI4/IbHOCT!4 BKJIIOqeHt4I pene P}AOI], Kor)a TOK Oa3bi A rip[! Memmec
yrae tiarpy3K14 npn n.poepKe 3al/14Tbl oKa:eTcl B6[IH3t 3011bI I43MeHeHHg
3HaK3 MOMHTa.
6.14. 1-IonHaI 30Ha pa6oTL nO COCTaBnslOm14M o6paTHOfi nOcJIeAoBa-
TeabnOCT14. peae MO141HOCT14 06paTHOfi nOCnOSaTenbHOCTH THna PMOYI-2
6.15. YIp14Mephl BeKTOpHblX 114arpaMM TOKOS 14 Hanps)KeH14fi np npo-
nepe npas14abHOCT14 BKa;OqeH14S peae HanpaBaen14s MOILHOCTH 06paTHOfi
nOCJle],OB aTenbHOCT14:
MeTo)IOM 14MTalIln )IByxdpa31loro K3 Mey dpasaM B n C; 6--MeTOOM n-
TalllI40)Inodpasoro K3 na dpase A
Ha CH{TylO BeKTOpHyO A14arpaMMy TOKOB 14 Hanpa}KeH14 HaHOC14TC{
3OHa pa6OT51 pene Ha OCHOBaHH14 }IaHHSIX p14c. 6.14, CXeMbI BKJIIOqeH14B
TpaHcqbopMaTOpOB TOKa 14 HanpslKeH14S 14 aHaa143a yCTaHOBneHHOFO HanpaB-
JleH14[ aKT14BHOII !4 peaKTIBHOI MO141HOCT14 npHcoeAHHeHH[, IIa KoTopoM
yCTaHOBaeHa saUlHTa. ]-[pH Bcex Tpex cnyqasx 3aFIHCblBaIOTc{ nonozKeHns
KOHTflKTOB pene MOIZIHOCTH H CpaBHHBfllOTC?I C )IflHHSIMH BeKTOpHO!
rpaMMl. ]-IpH COBnale14HH pe3yasTaTOB pene MOLLIHOCTH CUHTaeTel BKalO-
uesnIM npaBHnlHO (pHC. 6.15).
ECaH MOLLIHOCTb, no,/],BO,/],14Ma.,q K peae, 3HaqHTeJIbHO (B 5--6 pa3) npe-
BbIMaeT MOIIIHOCTb cpa6aTbmaHuI pene, npOBepKy MO}KHO npo143BO,14Tb rip14
HOpManbnOI 3aTSiRKe rlpyTK14HbI.
H.iuTaqua Oegxdpasoeo K3 ,uecOg dpasauu B u C. Ha 3a}KnMax H,e-
neff nanpteH14t naaea14 3am14TSI OTCOeA14HIOTC.q 14CnbXwaTeZlbHbXe 3aK14Mbl

192
HaAaOKa 3aUT C ucnoAo3osanue ўUAbTp08 Pa3. 6
0paabt C i HyaeBoro npoBoa, a Ha peae COeI4HtlOTC Opaau B n C (pnc.
6.16). YIpt :gTOM Ha BxoRe peae PMOI-[ anHeHoe HanpeHHe Me:aRy Opa-
3aMH B n C CTaHOBtlTCI paaut,IM Hya, aK t B MeCTe RayxOpaaoro K3.
,aR !4M!4TaIIH!4 TOKOB B nOBpem)IeHux Opa3ax B n C, KOTOpbIe paaH
I4 npOTHBO1]OaOKHbI nO HanpaBaeuno, n c yqeTOM TOrO, qTO npa npoaepe
'1 2f-23
1:It I4CKalOqeHl OIIII60K geaaTeabHo noRaBaTb Bee Tpl TOga noonepeno,
 qba3y B peze PMOH noonepeo noao roKrt qba3 A, B rt C. qba3a roKa
C peze PMOFI HOCTOaHnO coertHeHa c Hyzem,M npoBoaOM TpancqbopMa-
TOpOl TOga.
Ha CtIlwyIO BeKTopHytO RnarpaMW TOKOB H nanpzeHn HaHOC!4TCI
§ 7.1 Flpunqunot abtnosnenun 3atur u ycrpotcr8 cuenaa, i93
30Ha pa6oTsI pe Ha OCHOBaHHH /[aHHblX pnc. 6.17, CXeMbl BKJIoqeH4I
TpaHcOpopMaTopoB TOKa n HanpxeHnn  auanaa ycTanOBJeHHoro Hanpam
aeHn aKTnBnOfi tl peaKTIBnOl MOIIIHOCTI4. l-]pn Bcex Tpex cayqax noaqn
paaanqHUX no Opaae TOKOB 3aFIHCbIBalOTCt noaomen KOHTaKTOB peae Mom-
HOCTI4 H CpaBHI4BaOTCfl C l, aHHldMt BeKTOpHOI AnarpaMuu. Flpn coanae-
Hi pe3y3lbTaTOH pe3le MOUlHOCTH CqnTaeTc aKllOqeHubtM npaBI431bHO (CM.
pac. 6.15),
Pa3Oe
..HAJIAKA 3AII[HT OT 3AMblKAHHR
HA 3EMJIIO H ҐCTPOFICTB CHFHAJIH3AU, HH
B CETX C MAJIblM TOKOM 3AMblKAHHfl HA 3EMJIIO

194 HanaOўa 3awrur or aanbtranua na aennto Pa3. 7 § 7.1 17punt4unbt eomonnenun aau4ur u ycrpocre cuenaa, 195
Z, eHbI B Ta6Jl. 7.1.
,/IIV --'°
-Ec 0 _.E.
PHc. 7.1. MeTaIJ]nqecKoe oAltoqba31oe 3aMblKaltHe Ha 3eMalO B CeTH C 1,130-
J1npoBammfi uefiwpamO:
a- cxeMa CeTi; - BeKTOplla jlharpaMMa TOKOB H Hanpeni
T a 6 a Htt a 7.1. Cpeanne aHaqeHnfl elKOCVHOrO roKa OaHOaaHoro
aarxaHna Ha He,tam n cerax c aaoanpoaaHnOili Heiirpaabm
XapaKTepcTKa m{h'
nepe,aqH
OHoenHa 6e3 Tpoca
OHOeHnaa c TpocoM
nyxenan 6e3 TpOCa
syxeHHaa c TpOCOM
ToKn Orloba31toro aaMKanlr/, AIKM,
lp14 }laIIp}Kelt}ll, KB
6 10
0,013 0,0256
-- 0,032
0,017 0,035
35
0,078
0,091
0,102
0,11
Ka6eibHle 31HHHH
HoMmtaJ]bHble
@l:l,I JI  MM 2
l0
25
35
5O
7O
95
120
150
185
ceqeHI4
0,33
0,37
0,46
0,52
0,59
0,71
0,82
0,89
l,l
1,2
0,46
0,52
0,62
0,6
0,77
0,9
l
1,1
1,3
1,4
3,7
4,1
4,4
4,8
5,2
Pc. 7.2. CxeMa aamr!Tra, BKJIIOqeHHOI Ha
CJIeOBaTeJIbHOCTH
Pnc. 7.3. CxeMa 3alRrlTbl, pearHpyoatei Ha TOK HyaeBOfi HOCJIeAOBaTeIb-
HOCTH
13'

196
ttanaOca .auur or a:tr.anu na
§ 7.2 Ocnoene rexuuecue Oannbte sauur u ycrpoacre 19
PH-53/60, BKIIOqaeMoe B lenb pa3OMKHyTOrO TpeyroaHHKa TpaHcopMaTO-
pa HaIpffKeHHff, Pe.qe HaIIpffKeHHff CBOHMH KOHTaKTaMH co32LaeT aaep>K-
l;y o2LaqH HanpaKeHHff Ha aaHTy.
3amHTa 331-I-I 14[eeT TpH yCTaBKH Cpa6aTIaaHa nO TOKy npH HOMH-
HanbHX 3naqeHx HanpffKeHf nepeMeHoro H IIOCTOffHHOFO TOKa, (])..=
-----900  TeMnepaType oKpy>KaOmero BO32Lyxa -b20°C: 0,07-----0,21 A; 0,5±
0,15 A  2±0,6 A. I-Ip B6ope yCTaBOK cae2Lyev BbI614paTb CaMyO rpy-
I
PHc. 7.4. YIpnHttnnnaanaa cxeMa aamrtThl rttna 33H-I
6y H3 BO3MO)KHblX yCTaBOK 3aIIIHTbl, 2Lag KOTOpOfi MHHHMaabHbI! KO)-
HHeHT qyBCTBHTebHOCTH mIn He HHme 23:
k.min : (leZmi n -- lcm)/l e.a,
rAe Iemi n HaHMeHbee 3ffaqeHHe cyMMapHoro eMKOCTHOFO ToKa
IcmaxHaH60bee 3HaqeHHe eMKOCTHOFO TOKa flpHcoeAHHeHH, aa
TOpOrO nOpaeTc ycTanKa 3aT; /c.TOK cpa6aTBanaa 3amnTu
Ha COOTBeTCTBye yCTaBKe.
3amTa ne cpa6aTnaeT np 3Uo=50 B, 31o=0  TaHHH ee 3a-
T 6oKa HTaHH, BKqeHHOFO HO cxeMe nyxaauoro BbIHpMeHHfl
C HapeueM Bxoa, paBuM 0,65Uar.no.
pn H3MeHeHHH HanpeHHa HHTaHHff 3aHT Vent Hfl 20 % OT
Uav.eo TOK cpa6aTBaHH 3aHT OTHqaeTC OT TOKa cpa6aTBaHH
apH HOMHHabHOM uanpeuHH He 6oee qeM Ha 20 %.
pH H3MeHeHHH TeMnepavyp oKpyaero Boayxa B Haa3oHe OT
40 0 @40 °C TOK cpa6aTBaHH 3amTb OTHqaeTc OT TOga cpaSaT-
aaa np 20 °C ae-5oaee qeM B 2 paaa. Hanpneae cpaSaTmBae
HTbl a anaaoe TeMepaTyp ov --40 o WoC np-yKpaTHX TO-
Kax cpa6aTmBaHH ffa yCTaBKaX ў1, ў2 H ў3 HaxoHTC B npeeaax
20--40 B. 3oua cpa6aTBana 3amTb ripe 3Uo= 100 B,-U....o. Ha yCTaB-
e ўI. np 3 I0>0,2 A, Ha ycTaaKax ў2> H ў3 fipH 3 10=2 lop axoauTCe
a npeax 18020 .

198
Ha.aada 3atlUT OT 3atKa Ha
P a3J],. 
§ 7.2 Ocnoente rexnuecKue Oannbte aav4ur u ycrpoac'a 199
l-IHTattHe ttel]efi o[lepaT4BHOrO TOKa ocyeCTB.IeTcI nepeMeHHbIM Ha-
ipaeaneM 100 B (3aartMt 2--4) nan HanpKeHneM IOCTOaHHOrO TOKa
110 H 220 B (3a:HMbl 6-4, 8-4). HoTpe6aaeMa MOmHOCTb nHTaHHa Ha
nOCTOrnOM TOKe  He 5oaee 5 B-A.
Peze COCTOHT H3 aXO2HOrO rpancqbopMaropa T C alarplMnTeaeM VCI,
ayxacKaHoro ycHaHTean nOCTOIHHOrO TOKa, HCnOaHHTeabHOrO opraHa
!4 6JloKa ri!4TartHl. CHrHaa Or TAN noaerca Ha 3a:,KHMb 5-7 peae H no-
CTyaaeT a wpaHcqbopMaTOp T, HMeOU/Hfi OTnafiKH la H3MeHeHn
30Ha TOKa cpa6aTuaan. Pa3pIHHK FV 3au/nu/aeT aaeMeHTU CXeM Or
aO3MOnbIX nepenanpeHHti npn 6oabmHx TOKaX K3. KOHIeucaTop CI
| 1
Pnc. 7.5. lqprlrlttHI]HaabHal cxeMa peae rOKa HydteBoi rlocaeoBaTe_dlbHOCTH
a'Hna PT3-50

200 ; HaxlaOa autur or 3aIbtxanua na aeii,tto Pa3l. 7 § 7.2 Octloenbte rexnuecxue Oannbte autur u ycrpoacro "201
BblXOIHOe peae K, ycTaI4OBaeHHOe B ttenn KOaaeKTopa VTt, npOTeKalOT He-
OabHe TOKH.
o VDI cayHT aa orpaHHqeHHa ypOBHfl BXOnOrO CHrHaaa. Be-
HqHHa BXOHOrO cnrHaa, HeO6XOHMOFO fl 3aKpTHfl TpaH3nCTOpa VTI,
onpeeaseTcs naeHneM HanpmeHH Ha Hoe VD2 n DOTeHKHaOM
VTI, 3aBHCSmHM O COpOTHBaeHHn peaHcTopa R7. TaK KaK napaMevp
VD2 HOCTOHHbl, TO H3MeHeHHeM COnpOTHBaeHH R7 o6ecneaevcs haas-
Hoe peryapoBaHHe yCTaBKH B npeeaax Kamoro Hana3oHa.
pH noae Ha BXO yCHaHTea CHrHaaa ocTaTOqHO BeaHHH TpaH-
3HCTOp VTI 3aKpBaeTcn, noTeHHaa 6a3bi VT2 oKa3mBaeTcn OTpHaTeb-
HM no OTHOmeHHm K MHTTepy  TpaH3HCTOp VT20TKpaeTcs. HaH-
nne 06pavHofi CBa3n npnaaev pa60Te ycnanTea peaefiHfi xapaKTep.
OTKpTHH TpaH3HCTOpa VT2 DOTeHHa ero KOaeKTOpa CTaHOBHTC DOO-
HTeXbHMM, a CXeOBaTeXbHO, yMeHbmaeTC TOK 6a3M VTI, qTO npBOBT
K ero 6MCTpOMy 3aKpMT B OTKpMTH VT. Tpan3ncTop VTI  VT pa-
6OTaT B KaqeaOM peMe, qTO o6ecneqBaeT qeTKy pa6oTy peae K.
Hp yMebmeH nxoanoro caraaa ycaTeah CKaqKOM nepexoAT  a-
qaaboe COCTOSUe: VTI OTKpT, VT2 3agpT.
KOHAeCaTOp C3, o VD4  pe3cvop RIO npeAasaqeH as 3a-
mv passcvopa V T2 ov 3C camousy sa 06MOTKe peae K np
aaKpT VT2.
Pete oga nyenofl ceaonaabnocrH PT3-51 (pHc. 7.6) HMeer TO
e HasHaqene, ro H pete P-50. Peae Heer meCT Hanaonon cpa6a-
raHaa no rOKy--Or 0,02 O0,12 A. Honnana aCTOTa 50
60 Fa. Ocnonaa norpemHOCT--He 6oee 10 %. Pa6poc roKa cpa6ar-
aan--ne 6oee 3 %. KOSaaHeHr noanpaTa--e ae 0,93. KpaT-
HOCT yneaqena roKa cpa6aTnanHa OrHOCTeno epennoro npH
qaeTore 50 Fa: Ha qaCTore 150 Fa--ne enee 4, a qaeToTe 400 Fa --
ae eHee 15.
HTanae Kenefi onepaTHBHoro rOKa ocyeCTBeTC nepeMeHaM
npsmeeM 100 B (amM 8-10)
110  220 B (3aml 6-10  12-10 cooweVCTneo). HopeSaseMas iom-
HOCTb HTaHH Ha CTOHHOM TOKe He6oaee 10 BT, Ha nepeMeHOM TO-
Ke He 6oa 5 B.A. H3MeHeHHe VOKa cpa6aTBaHH npn
raero HapaeHBa OT 0,8 Oao= o 1,1 Uao He peBaeT 8 °/o.
Cxeia peae COCTOT 3 xoaoro Tpacopiaropa TAI, npeo6paay-
mefi acr, cpannamefi aCT  acanruHoro opraa. TpancopMa 7
Top rOKa TA1 aarpyme aa peacrop R2--RT, KOTOpe caymar
Kperaofi peryzpaK ycranK rOKa cpa6aXana. oA VD1--VD4 or-
paaqaBaT ypoBeH b BXOAHOrO crHaaa.
Upeo6paaymma qacrb npecTaBseT Co6o acTpoeaafi a nOin-
aabym aCrOry cera 50 F (na-60 Fa),
afi aa onepaaoanoM ycnanTeae AI.
CpaBHBBaa qaCTb COCTOHT H3 oporoBoro eMeHTa, BMnOHeHHO-
ro aa onepaoanol ycnaaTeze A& pels3lepnveabHofi Uenn. VD5, R15,
RI6, C8  rprrepa M,Ta,.nocrpaaoro aa onepaanoaol ycareae
A3. Hpn nOAaHHOM Ha penanpmena nTann, Korea o3Aeficrymmaa
neaa npemaeT nopor cpa6arana aeleara A2, KOaeaCaTOp C8
aapsmaevcs a pa3pamaevca  3aBBCBMOCTB OT noaspnocr nxoaoro
cnrnaaa aaeMenra A2. Hocrosnae peMea sapsaa  pa3paa n6pa-
TC TaKHMH, qTOOM CXeMa cpa6aTMBaaa npB onpeeeHHOM 3HaqeHHH BXOA-
BOrO cBrHaaa, Ec COOTHOmeHBe BHTepBaaOB BpeMeHB,

202 HanaOra zaU4UT or aaoLranut na 3eo Pa3zt. 7 § 72 Ocnoente "exnu,ecrue Oanuate aav4uT u ycTpocre 203
pbx BXOIHat Bo3eCTByOIIa BeJIItqtilta 6OJbtUe HIJH MeHbLLIe yt:TaHOBJIeH-
Horo opora, npeBbmaeT 3a.aHHoe 3HaqeHie, KOH.eHCaTOp C8 3apaKaeTcfl
Io ypoBaa, ocvaTOqHOrO aa cpa6avuBaHHn TpHrrepa. HpH atOM OVKpb-
aeTca TpaH3HCTOp VTI n cpa6avtaBaeT axo/loe peae KLI.
,Ila nHTaHHH oHepalLHOHHbX ycitaHTeef a cxeMe peae npHMeneH na-
paieTpecKHfi CTa6aa3aTOp, COCTOamHfi H3 pe3HcTopa 1726 n CTa6HatiTpO-
HOB VD11, VD12. I-lapaieTpi,iecKn CTa6HaH3aTOp o6ecneHBaeT ni,iTae
oepatHOHblx yCHHTee. HanpXeHHeM + 15 t3.
/CTpOCTBO croaaH3attHH 3aZblKaHHl Ha 3ezao THna rC3-2/2 (pac.
7.7) npelHa3naeHo la pa6oTta B Ka6ebnofi CeTH 6--10 KB C gOiettCi,i-
poBaHHOfi HefiTpaabm H ycTaaaBaHBaeTca Ha rOaOHOi yacTge atlIIItH, OT-
xoAamefi OT mItH 6--10 KB.
pHc. 7.7. FIpHHunnHaabHaa cxeua ycpoficaa cHrHaaHaattH YC3-2/2
HOMHHaabHOe nanpneHiHe onepaTHBHUX enefi nocTonHnoro TOKa
ycTpocaa Un,= 110 B. FlnTauHe ttene nOCTOHHHOrO Toxa MoneT npoHa-
aOlrITbCfl OT axxyiyJmTOpUOfi 6aTapeH HaH 6aoxa nHTaHHm ҐCTpOfiCraO He
qbHxcnpyeT oaoqbaanue 3aMUaaHHa /IHTeJItaHIOCTbO Meuee 40 Me npn nfl-
TItKpaTHOM TOXe HO OTHOII/eHHIO X ToKy cpa6aTbaaHHn ycTpo,cTBa. TOK
cpa6aTBaHn ycTpOCTaa a xano qaCTOT npH Uar=ll0 B H TeM-
nepaType oxpyaome cpen +20 °C np.H conpoTHaaeHnH coe/1HHHTebHUX
npOaO21Oa Mex21y TpancqbopMaTopoM TOKa HyeaO HOCe/1oBaTebHOCTH
TAN H yCTpOCTaOM He 6oaee l OM COOTaeTCTayeT 3HaqeHHHM Ta6a. 7.2"
T a 6 a H  a 7.2. 3naqetinfl Toxa HyaeBOfi nOCaeAoaaTeahHOCTH, A,
Ha paaHmx yctaatax taa paaHqHmX qacro
CTaBKa, r-laco'ra,
A
50 1,50 250 350 550 650 2000
25
50
100
250
>5,0
>10
>20
>5O
1,74
2,8
5,1
10,4
0,95
1,4
2,5
4,85
0,61
0,
1,35
2,44
0,48
0,73
1,47
3,4
0,57
0,98
2,05
4,95
>2
>3,2
>6,5
> 16
c IOHyCKaeMI:,IM OTKaOI,HeHHeM +--30 % (npeaen OTKJIOHeHHI +-30 % efi-
CTBHTeJlbHbl .rlH IHana3oHa qaCTOV OT 150 I0 650 Fit).
FIpH H3MeHeHHH Un Ha +-0,2 Uo HaMeHHe TOKa cpa6aTuBaHHa He
BbIXOIHT 3a npeeabi ---25 o$ OTHOCHTe.rIbHO BeJIHqHH, H3MepeHHbX npH HO-
MHnbHOM HtaHpflKeHHIH Ha qaCTOTaX 150--50 Fit.
l-lpH H3MeHenHH TeMepaTypbI oKpyKaOUteh cpelu OT --20 XO +40 °C
HI3MeHIeHHe TOKa CpaaTblBaHIHa ycTpoI?ICTBa IIpH qaCTOTe 250 1-I.( He BblxO-
nT aa peeabl +20 % n --25 % OTHOCHITeJ]bHO BeJ]HIqHH, naMepeHHblX np
TeMnepaType +20 °C n U,=
oTpe6eHHe MOHOCTH B eHH HOCTOHHOFO TOKa HpH UnTUHo
B HopMabHOM peHMe He peBma 2,5 BT. KO3HKHeHT BoapaTa
XOaHOrO peae  He Menee 0,2. Pa3pb]BHaa MOnOCTb KOTaKTOB pH
I)iIeHHH OT 24 AO 250 B  TOKe aO 2 A COCTB,aeT 0 BT  eH nOCTO-
flHHOFO TOKa C HHAyKTHBHO HaFpy3Ko.
pHHHH efiCTBHfl ycTpOfiCTBa OCHOBaH Ha TOM, qTO HpH OHOa3HMX
3aMbIKaHHX Hfl 3eMX B CeTX 10 K B TOKe aaMKaHHa KpOMe TOKOB
HpOMmeHHO qaCTOT 0 K CoepaTc COCTaBXaHe TOKOB BMCHX
FflpMOHHK. CoepaHHe TOKOB BMCHX FapMOHHK
BaTebHOCTH HOBpeeHHO HpHcoexHHeHHa cyeCTBeHHO
B TOKflX HyeBOfi nOCexOBaTebHOCTH nenoBpeeHHOrO HpHcoeHHeHHfl,
H3aBHCHMO OT pemHMa KOMeHCanH.
CTpOCTBO COCTOHT H3 COFflcyeFOC TpaHcopMaTopa, HMepHTeb-
HOFO opFaHa, AoFHqeCKOfi qflCTH CXeMM H BMXOHOFO y.cTpOCTBa. CoFa-
cyDHfi TpaHcopMaTop T cyHT Aa COacoBaHna BXOAHOFO coHpOTHB-
enHfl yCTpOcTaa C BUXOAHUM conpoTnaaeHHeM TpaHcopMaTOpa TOKa Hy-
dieBOfi HOeOBaTeXbHOCTH TAN. H3MepnTeabHU opraH npeAaaqe
BUBaeHHa HaaHqna BcmHx rapMOHHK a oKe nyaeaofi nocaeAoaaTeabHo-
CTH. OH COCTOHT H3 oceoBaTeabnoro HbTpa L-CI, HacTpOeHHOrO Ha
peaouacHy qacTory 50 F, abmpflMreabHOrO Mocra VC, KOHAecaTopa
C3 n peancTopoa RI, RI2--RI4. KoHeHCaTop C3 npeAnaHaqe A20T-
CTpofiKH OT CHVHaOB C qaCTOTO 60aee 2000 V. Pe3HcTopM I, R12RI4
OCHeqHBaT BO3MOHOCTb BMopa HeO6XOAHMMX yCTaBOK Ha TOK
TMBaHHa A CeTe C pa3AHqHMMH 3HaqeHHflMH CyMMapHorO eMKOCTHOO
TOKa (25, , 100 n 20 A)..ornqecKa qaCTb CXeMU npexHa3Haqena
onpeAeaeHH HaAHqnfl HoBpeAeHHfl .Ha xaHHOM HpHcoeHHeHHH. OHa
nponycKaeT HH He nponycKaeT B BMXOHOe yCTpOCTBO CHHaA OT n3MepB-
TeabHoro oprana a 3aBHCHMOCTH OT eFO BeHqHHM, XHTebHOCTH H xapaK-
Tepa. B aornqecKy qaCTb cxeMM BXOAflT TpaH3HCTOp TI, o VDI, KOn-
eHCaTop C2  peacTopu R2, R2", R3  Rg. B cxeuy auxoAHoro yCTpO-
cTBa BXOAaT TpaH3HCTOp T2, auxouoe peae K, THpaTpOH C XOAOHUM
KaTOAOM VL, AHO VD2 H peHCTOp R4--8. B KaqeCTBe BXOAHOrO pe-
te K nCnOab3OaaHO npoM.yTOqHOe
O6MOTKO. B CXeMe ycTanOeH paapaXnHK FV  3aHT ycTpOCTaa OT
HHKOBMX HaHpHeHH HpH BOHMX 3aMKaHHHX Ha
pH HORaHHOM HaHpHeHHH HHTaHH H OTCyTCTBHH cHrnaa TpaH3HC-
Top VTI OTKpMT 6aaAapa BaAnqH Hanpamna CMeenna Ha eFO 6aae.
Ha 6aay paacTopa VT2 noAaeTca oTeuaa, o6ycaoaaeHufi naAenneu
nanpameHHa nepexoa aMHTep -- KAeKTOp TpaH3HcTopa WTI, npeBumam-
Hfi noTenKnaa aMnTTepa TpaH3ncTopa VT2. OCAeAHH TaeTcS 3aKpu-
TUU, n qepea peae K npOTeKa TOK nOKO2 ]o paHnCTOpa VT2. Pete K
He pa6oTaeT.
pH HOBeHHH CHHaa OT H3MepHTebHOFO oprana wpanncp VTI

HaAaOra aau or aa;auanua na ae,Ato Pa3. 7 § 7.2 Ocnoonoe rexnuuecrue Oannoe aav4ur u ycrpoacro 205
3aHpuBaeTcs. Hocae aaHpurx8 VTI Tpaltancrop VT2 ocTaeTcn 3aKptTUM
a Teqenne BpeMeaX, onpeleaeMoro apeMeneM 3apaa KoaleacaTopa C2
o uanpamenx, paoro naenno nanpamenx Ha peancrope R4. 3aveM
wpanancrop VT2 naqxHaer orHpuarbca. BpeMa aalepHn, onpeeaaeMoe
nocwonnofi peMelm Honwypa R3-C2, cocwaaaser npnMepno 50 MC, qrO lo-
craroquo aa npaBxbnoro noaeenns ycrpoficraa npx nepexonux npo-
ueccax n nepeMeamme.c yre. Hpn OTHpUrxn rpan3ucropa VT2 cpaSa-
waaev abxofl.Hoe pete K, HOTOpOe CBOUM pa3MHaOM KOItTaKTOM o6ec-
neqxBaer 3aKnrane rnparpona VL. 3aMbHaonlxfi HOltTaHT peae K MOKeT
HCIIO,rlb3OBaTbў[ B IeIlIX aemHefi CrHaaau, Hn.
YIocae ycwpaHexnn nopeKfl.eHna Ha pacCMaTpnaeMoM npcoelxHe-
Hn Tpaa3ncrop VTI orHpbmaeTca, VT2 3aKpbmaewca n peze K Bo3spa-
tLaeTca. TapawpoH LV ropHv O MOMeHTa KHTnpOnaHHn ero KHOnHOfi SB.
C C2 C3
!
Pxc. 7.8. Hpxm[xnxaabHa cxeMa ycTpOfiCTaa cxrHaaxaaxx rC3-3M
Ecax B npouecce noaaeHnx cxrnaaa vpax3ncTop VTI OTKpOeTC 0
ncTeqenn auepmn peuen, co3aaaemofi 3apnou onencavopa C2,
vo OCTaTOqnUfi 3ap na C2 6ucrpo paapanca qepe3 owpumnfic vpat-
aUCTOp VTI. Tpanancvop VT2 npn aVOM an6o CoceM e aqnev owpuaavs-
on, an6o o em goevopa e ycnee ocvnryvb 3aqenu, ocvavoqno-
ro R cpa6aTaau peae K. Daaroapn 6CVpoMy paapay goaeca-
vopa C2 o6ecneqnaaevcn 6ucvpufi o3pa cxeMu, peovpamaevc
HaKonaene 3apa Ha 6OHecaTope C2, TO n o6ecneqnaaeT npaBHabHoe
noeene peae pn onoaanoM aamuann c nepeMeammecn yrofi.
Hpn monvae ycvpofica neo6xonuo co6aaTb caeymne pego-
MeHaRHH:
copOTHBaeUXe Ha Ka6, coenmero yCTpOCTBO ў TAN, He
aoamo npemavu 1,50M. Eca conpovnaeHne npoaoo MeHee 0,50M,
• 0 ycvpoficvao nOKamaercn K TAN BBoaM 7-3; e conpovBaee
npooao 6oaee 0,50M, TO VOK OT TAN noaaevcn a aoa 7-13;
HpflMSeHHM aaapmeneM ll0 B 20 %. HCnOabayeTCS cxema Tpexaa-
noro BapMeUa C CnabVpOM LC a yMeHbmeafl nyabcaaa. Hpu na-
TaaHa yCTpOfiCTBa OT mall OCTOflHHOFO TOKa ў pa3BBeHHMn
 3aaT TpaH3nCTOpOB O$ nepeHanpeHafi peKOMeHyeTc BKRaTb
aOCeOBaTeabHO C rpynnofi yeTpOfiCTB C3-2/2 pocceab C
coHpOTHBeHM I00--00M H3 TpaacopMavopnofi ўvaan 9 nn 12
c 3aaopoM 2--3 MM;
7.3. 3HaqeHH! roKa HyleBofl nOўleOBaTebHOCTX
JIJl! pa3lHqHlX qacTOT, MIcA
yBCTBHTeJ] bHOCTb
VaKCHMaJIHaH
MII4HHMabHaI
HepBvrqm
TOK TAN
Tuna T3 J-l,
A
l
1
r[oKaaaH/dq np16opa np qaCTOTe, FII
25O
61
3
15
65
61
3
13.
52
55O
45
2
l0
4O
40
2
9
37
30
5
t0
30
1-10Kaaanua MnKpoaMnepMeTpa npn nepaxqnOM cHHycoHIaJIbHOM ToKe
qaCTOT 50 FK, paBHOM 50 A, npa MaKCHMaAbHOfi qyBCTBHTeAbHOCTH He
npemamT 30--40 KA.
HpH n3eHeHH TenepaTyp oKpyamero o3yxa OT +20°C
Ka3aHH npH6opa a qacTe 250 F HaMeHmTCa He 6oaee qeM Ha 50 %
npx TemnepaType 40°C n Ha 20 % npx TeMnepaType +40
HpHHKHn efiCTBXa ycTpoficTaa C3-3M aHaaornqeH npHHUHny
arts ycTpOCTaa YC3-2/2. YcpofiCTaO COCTOT Ha coracymmero TpaHc-
ўopuaTopa T, myHnpymmem nAbTpa LC, HacTpoeHoro a qaCTOTy
aoaHca 50 F, aKHaHo-euKOCTHOrO HbTpa R2--R5  C1C3, aunp-
MTebOrO va VC n aeKTpOnaMepnTebHOrO npn6opa PA. EMKOCTb
C5 npeHaaHaqea as OTCTpOfiK yCTpOfiCTBa OT cnrnaoa, neX qac-
TOTy aurae 1000 F.
Hpn noaeHnn yCTOfiqnaOrO aaMuKaH Ha ae YC3-3 e noo-
mb nepeKmqammero ycTpoficTBa nomqaeTcfl oHepaTHBHM nepcoa-
ou K TpancўopuaTopa M TOKa Hyeaofi nocaeoaaTeuOCTH npcoeHeHnfi
6--10 KB aHuofi CTaHuU n nOaCTaunm HoapeeHHoe npncoenHeHe.
onpeeeTC UeTOU cpaaHeHn no UaKcuabHOUy uoaaaHum npn-
5opa.
HauepeHne ypoaHefl aucmnx rapuoHnK  TOKaX uyenofl
TeAbHOCTH npncoeneHn npoHaBOTC npH OOUH TO e noaoeun
peancTopa

206 tta.caOra aav4ur or aaranu( a aeo Pa3. 7 § 7.3 Ilpoeepra aau4ur u [tcpoce cuenauaaquu
7.8. ponepa aau  ycTpofica curuaaaauu
B O{leM npoBepKa 3aLRHT H yCTpO.ICTB carnaaaaatnn BXOHT BHe-
nnfi n auyrpenunh OCUOrp, npoaepa uexauaqecofi ncnpaanocra ycr-
pofieTa, npoBepKa copoTnBeHafl n30flaa, nCnTaHne a30flaa, npoaep-
Ka TpaacopMaTopa ToKa ny3eBofi oc3eoBaTebnOCT  ero MOnTama,
tpoaepKa OCHOBHX a3eKTpqecKux xapaKTepcTuK ycTpofieTna, KOMneKc-
an npoBepa, npoaepKa pa6oqnu TOOM n nanpamenueu.
Buemnafi a nnyTpennafi OCMOTp, nponepKa uexauaqecKofi qaCTU
nOHflTCfl B COOTBeTCTBaa e peoueaanaMn  2.1.
ffponepKa conpoTnaenna nao3aunn HpOH3BOHTC B HOHOfi cxeMe
amnru ueraoueTpou 10 B. Hepe npoaepaofi naoaunn neo6xonnuo
3aKopOTHTb uey co6ofi BBO He3aBCMX ueaefi n BHyTb OK
oyapoBoHaKOBX 9eMeHTOB. ConpoTaaenae naoaaa npoaepeTcfl OT-
HOCHTebHO Kopnyca n Merely BCeMH He3aBHCHMMH KeHflMH. COapOTHB-
eaHe HaO3aUHH 03mnO Tb He Meaee I0 MOM.
CHTaHNe H30HNN BCeX oeHHeHHX RHe OTHOCHTebHO KOpHy-
ca upOHaBOnTCfl HanpaeHneM 1000 B qacvoto 50 U B veqeaHe 1 MHH.
flpoaepa pancpaopa oa nyeaofi nooeRoaavenocu  ero
oHTama. HpH npoaepe UoTama TpaHcopuaTopa TOga (pc. 7.9) He-
O6XOMO' o6paaTb BHnMaHHe Ha nnoHeHe ceyHx Tpe6oaaH:
npono, 3a3eMflHfi Ka6bny aOpOHKy, oameH poxoAHTB qe-
pea TAN n Ha axoAe OCOeHHflTbCfl K KOHYypy 3aaeMeHHa. B 9TOM
cqae TOKH, xoaHe no 6poHe Ka6e3a H no 3a3eMaeHn, npoxoAfly
B TAN  pa3HuX HanpaaaeHHX n HX BHflHHe Ha 3aHTy yHnqyomaeTCa;
Ha Ka6eab Ha yqacTKe OY BopoHKH AO MecTa yCTaHOBKH TA H Ha
elama npoaoA Roamaa 6 aaomeaa naonoafl 3eawa
aoafl meeaa TAN o 6po a6ea, a ame 6ponu  aopoun o,
xolywoa a co, penamx a6eb  aaaeiaenu oncpyau.
ne6aaaca TAN npu npoxeraun oa qepea ero no npoaoay, aaaeua-
mely Ka6eauy aopoKy,  no 6poae Ka6eaa a ael. aa aoo npo-
BO, aaaeuaHfi aabny aopouKy, OTCOeAnnaeyca o KOHTypa 3a-
aeMaenn H a pacceqKy aqae$c HCTOqHHK oKa. TOK He6a3aHca 3-
epneTcfl no BTopHqHO! O6MOTKe TAN. HpH llpOTeKannH TOKa, 6oasmero
pacqeTnoro TOKa OAHOa3HoFo 3aMbKaHHa, TOK He6aaaca omeH 6UTb
a 2--3 pa3a Menbme yCTaaK 3aHTU. Haoaaa cepeqHKa TAN n zpe-
naHx CKO6 HH XOMyTOB, pacnoomeHHUX Bume MeCTa ycTaHOBKH TAN,
OTHOCHTebHO 6pOHH Ka6ea npoBepfleTcfl MeraOMMeTpoM
25 B. CHMaeTCa xapaKTepCTKa HaMarHaHa TAN
aa yao6cTa npoaeea naaaox npoBepOK eaecoo6paso npo-
ycTU nepes OKHO TAN npoaoa (CnTaeuy my), KO KOTO-
poFo BMBOTCfl Ha C6OpKy 3amHMOB. Heo6xoHMO HOMHHTb, qTO aaMMKa-
Hlte 9THX KOHOB MOeT pHBOHTb K OTKa3y
poaepKa OCHOHX aaexTpqecKBx xapaKTepBcK yCTpOCTB.
ca}me poBepoK npnnOHTCa nO BHaM 3aHTHMX ycTpofiCTn. BBHy paa-
H ўxeMbI TaHfl yCTpOCTB  BbloHefl COHTebHOrO
npoep x Tae BXOT B o6eM nponepoK OCHOBHMX aeTpecx
xapaepncn.
Hpoepa gcpoca 33H-1 npo3o  caeymme o6ee.
npaenoro woa. pn To 3MepfleTў anpgee nwa, KOTOpOe
. poepec n peryanpyec caoae opram poepa
sgxooro peae P-10 npnnaaso e oaaee o npoepg py-
rx npoeyox peae,. ero peryanpoa ymee  eooe-
cn e yaaa  ,5. Hanpene cpa6agan peae npoeperc
noane Hanpme oT nOeTOpOHHe nconRa a BMBO
BgyToM 6Oe noypoBOHOBRX eMeHTOB  OTKReHHO KOHeltca-
TOpe C8. Hapgege epa6aa pe oo 6s 16,80,8 B,
a oneaT o3paTa  ne eee 0,2. poepeTc spe epa6aga-
3. CHHMaTCH OCHOBHMe aXeKTpHqKe xapaKTepHCTHKH 3aHTM HpH
COBMeCTHO pa6oTe c TAN AaHHoro HpHcoeAHHeHHa HO CXeMe, npHBeAeH-
ofi a pc. 7.10. a npoepK 3aT Reaecoo6pa3Ho Hcnob30arb
KOMHaeKCHOe yCTpOCTBO THna 5053. B KaqecTBe nepBHqHofi
nOab3yeTcs npoo, "nponymeHfl qepe30KHO TpacopMaTopa. epeA
CHaTHeM xapaKTepCTHK pa3MarHHqHBaT cepeqHHK TAN, Aa qero  nep-
BHqHO O6MOTKe HAaBHo yBeaHqHBaT WOK O 9 A H 3aTeM nAaBHo CHHa-
T ero 0 Hya, nOTOp yKa3aHy onepa 2--3 pa3a. XapaKepHc-
THKH CHHMaTCg B eymefi noceOBaTeaTH:
a) onpeAeaeTc HanpmeHHe Ha O61OTge XOAHOrO peae K npH no-
xaqe HaHpameHHa 3 U0 Ha 3amHMM -10 3aHTM. poBepKa BNHOXHgeTCa
HaBHM HOA%eMOM HaHpgeHH OT 0 O 100 B HpH OTCyTCTBBH ToKa
B HepBHqHO ReHH T H CHaTOM HaHpHeHHH HTOaHHOrO TOKa. OCTO-
aHHa COCTaSaaa HanpameHHa Ha 3amHMax I1-13, H3MepeHHa
MeTpOM C RI000 OM/B, He OamHa npeaTb 2 B. p 66abmx c-
aqHaX nposepTc Ha COOTBeTCTBHe T TpaH3HcTop VT3 VT4  o.
 VD3, VD4. Bo H36emaHe nopemeg zpaH3Hcz0poa H AonyeTc
noAaqa HanpmeHa s Renb 3 Uo 6oee 115 B;
6) CHHMaTCa BoT-aMHepHMe xapaKTepHHKH cpa6ameaH
=f (3 Uo) npH U==24 B H =90 ° (OK oa  eanpgeHH)
zpex ycaBog, KOTOpMe oryT 3HaqHTeabHO OTAqaTbC OT AaHHX nO mKa-
ae, TaK gaK 3aBHCHT O napaewpon paHcpmaTOB TOga
nepazyp oKpymame cpeAm. 3ama. szaca cnpa, eca

208 Haadra au4ur or sa;notxanua na eumo Paa,. 7 § 7.3 Ilpoaepra sav4ur u ycrpo(tcre cuenau3atuu 209
aMnepHe xapaKTepHCTHKH OTJIHqaloTCI OT THFIOBOI, npHBeaeHHoh Ha pae.
7.11, e 6oaee qel a 30 %;
B) npoBepaeTC 3oHa cpa6aTnaHHa 3aliiHTb H onpe/leaaeTCa q.a npa
U----24 B n 3 Uo=100 B. Xaparepncrna cnamrca aaa rpex yera-
BOK, pHqeM Ha yeTaBKe ў1 xapaKTepHeTHKa CHBMaeTea npH I=0,2 A, a Ha
yCTaBKaX ў2>> B ў3--pH l=21ep. 3OHa pa6oTb 3alKHTb /loamHa Haxo-
arc  npeaeaax 180-+20 ° (nepnqatfi ro onepemaer nanpmeae
3 Uo). I'0$1 MaKCHMadlbHOI qyBCTBHTeIbHOCTH q0m.a onpe/leaeTea KaK
JyCyMMa yroB qt a q% cpa6aTaBaH14a 3alK14Tb Ha FpaHHIiax 3OHb;
00 
505"3 80
2O
Pac. 7.10. CxeMa CHIqTII xapaKTepHcT14K 3amHTbl 33H-I
P14c. 7.11. T14noBa BOIbT-aMnep14aa xapaKTep14cT14Ka cpa6TlBaHll 3aI1114- "
a' 33H-1 31o=1(3Uo) •
conpoT14Ble14rte coe1141414Tedmtttax npoBoIOB MemAy BTOp14qHOI O6MOTKOfi
TAN 14 KOMnZeKTOM aam14TU He aoax140 npeBumarb 0,3 OM. Eta14 eonpo-.
T14BJIe14He npeBmaeT 0,30M, yBea14q14BaT ceqe1414e coe}141414TeJlb14blX npo-
BOAOB 14 npn neo6xoa14MOeT14 myHT14pyT pe314eTop R7 cxeM 331-I-1 npo-
BOSOM ceqeHHeM He Me14ee 0,35 MM 2.
lIpooepa pe.e PT3-50 npo143BOa14TC14 B caelyomeM o6eie.
1. FIpoBep14ewca 14cnpaB14ocrb tten14 RIO, C3, VD4. 14 npoBelenu14
IpOBepg14 BJH14MaeTc neqaT14a aTa 143 paaeMa n KOM614H14poBa14HbIM
p146OpOi L[4313 (1-[4317 14a14 Ip.) 143Mepaerc conpornaaea14e aro tenu
nOCrOmtHOMy rOKy rip14 npaMoh (ў+>> np146opa Ha aaoa 4 mrenceabnoro
paaeia, ў-- np146opa--14a BblaOl 8) 14 o6paTnofi noapaocax. Flpn npa-
MOfi nOdlapHOCT14 conpoT1414aeu14e om14o 6blTb np14Mepao 3 OM, rip14 06-
paT14Ofi nozap14ocrn oo.
800
600
4OO
200
0
2. HpoBepeTC BUXOJInoe peze K. HpoBepKa nporlano14TCa
TOM 6loKe
ao 4 n 8 pO3eTKH TeHCeXbHO paaeMa. Hanpamenne cpa6aTaaua
aoamo 6Tb paani 11,30,5 B, TO epa6aTuaaa 8,30,4 iA, o-
aўaaenT ao3apaTa Zoameu 6UTb ue ueaee 0,2.
3. HpoaepaeTCa eTa6aaaana nanpameuna nnTauua peae. Ha axoa
Kenefi onepaTnanoro ToKa peae no&aeTca uanpflmeHne OT nyafl o
1,1 Uuo n naiepeTea uanpamenne ua cTa6anTponax VD6 a VD6+VD5
np Uua=0,8; 1,0 a 1,1 Uuo. Hpa Uunr=Uuo nanpamene na eTa6n-
anTpone VD6 aozmno uaxoaaTbea n npeax 8--9,5 B, a ua CTnaTpO-
nax VD6+ VD5 --  npeeaax 16--19 B. Hpn auenen nanpameana  npe-
eax 0,8--1,1 Uo 3HaqeHne CTa6HH3HpOBaHHOPO anpeHna ue O-
HO OTnqaTbCa OT H3MepHo pauee 6ozee qeM Ha 0,2 B.
4. Hpoeperca
crHaa. a npoaeenn nBepKn co6apaeTc cxeMa, npneunaa a
pnc, 7.14. Harzaaa peze ycranaBznBaercfl B noaomeHae ў1 AnanaaoHa
or nyaaao Marcniazbaoro Bropaquoro rora aauranaa ua aeua
(20 iA). Haleperca nanpamee na Bropaquo O6MOrre axoAuoro rpaa-
14--131

2t0 HaaOra aau4ur OT 3auotxanud na aemo Paa. 7 § 7.3 Hposepra aau4uT u ycTpocT8 cueaAuaatuu 211
cqbopMaropa T, KOTOpOe loaKnO naxoIHTbCa a npeezax 5,0--5,8 B,  ua-
npflmeune na aoe VDI, KOTopoe OaHO 6Tb He 6oaee I B.
5. HpoBepeTcn aarpy6enne pe3e  BUCmnX rapMonnqecKnx COCTaB-
aflmnx. Ha MHMabHOfi yCTaBKe Hp UaarUno OT Hq B TOKOBy
enb peae oaeTcfl TOK qaCTOTO 50, 150  4 K  3MepeTC TOK
cpa6aTuBaHan pe3e. KoanHenTu aarpy6zenna na qaCTOTaX 150 n 400 FK
OH Tb COOTBeTCTBeHHO;
k o = tcpo/lcpo  2,
kao 0 = ]cp4oo/lcpo  6.
6. H3MepfleTca HapameHne B KOHTpObHMX TOqKax. Hpn Uaar=Uaou
nO cxeMe pHC. 7.14 HpOH3BOTC H3MepeHH nanpamertnfi B KOHTpOqbHMX
TOqKax pn OTCyTCTBHH TOKa .Ha BXOe pete (flKOpb N OTHymeH) H pH
HaHqHH ToKa, paBHOFO I,I lp peae (flKOpb K OATaHyT). Haiepena npo-
H3BOflTCN OTHOeHTebHO ў+>> 6OKa HTaHHN BObTMeTpOM HOCTONHHOFO
TOKa C Ran5 KOM/B (I00). 3HaqeHHa naepennux Hanpamen oa-
grim HaxonTbCa B npeeaax, yKaaaux B Ta6. 7.4.
Pc. 7.14. Cxea npoaepK aeKTpeCKX xapaKTepcTK pe3e THa PT3
T a 6 3  a a 7.4. onycTe npee3 aeefl anpme
 opox oax pete PT3-50
TOK I=1,1 Ic, p Ha nxo.e
pete
OTCyTCTByeT
Hogan
Konerop VTI ] Ko eKTOp VT2
0,01--0,04 I 16--19
0,9--0,12 0,7--1
CTa6Hnrrpo
yCTaHKe 3amHTU, BpamenHeM peryaHpyeMoro peaHcropa R7 IO6HHaTCa
cpa6aTbmaHH peae. HOaOKeHHe peacTopa
BTOpHO npoBepeTCH TOK cpa6aTbBaHH. KaK HoKa3aa
utnu c pete PT3-50, H3-3a 6o3bmoro axo/1Horo COrlpOTHBJIeHltfl peae, OCO-
6eHHo
H Malol MOII/HOCTH TpancqbopMaTopoa TOKa OHH 3"HaqHTelbHO It3MeHHIOT
9qbqbnuHeuT TpaHcqbopaunn B aaaHcnocTH OT HarpyaKH. FloaToy
He BO3MO}KHO, qTo 3anlHTa 6yleT HMeTU MeHbmHfi epBHqHUf[ TO cpa6a-
TbBaHHH Ha TpeTbeM, HaH6oaee rpy6oM /1HaHa3oHe, ueote MHHHMa3b-
Hoe BXOIHOe copoTnBJeHne. B6op luana3oHa, ecn
ycTaaKax, npotaaOHTCH aKcepuMeuTabHo
HeHT Bo3apaTa peae no nepHqt.oMy To<y 21oaeH 6bru He tJenee 0,9.
Oco6ennocru na.a&cu pe,e PT3-51. HCrlO.rlHHTe.rlbHblI opran KLI (CM.
pHc. 7.6) oa:eH cpaSaTBaT np anpnme e ee 45 . To cpa-
aTBaHH npoBepeTc Ha Kao H3 eCT ycTaK. HorpemHo, pa3-
5pock, OeT o3BpaTa o3 COOTBeTcTBoBaTh TexeCH
aHM" pete, npBeeHH   7.2. oaperypoBKa TOKa cpaaTaHHn
ocyeCTBaaeTC nopoeHM peaHcTOpOM RII. HepeMqsa SX AOHa
Tb 3aMKHyTa TObKO B yqae HHTaHH cxeMm pe3e OT HCTOqHHKa nepe-
MeHHOFO HanpameHa. aa yO6CTBa KOHTpOR COCTORHHH CXeMM PT3-51
a eqaTHOfi nZaTe pacoaome KOHpOabMe TOqK xPg--xPI2,
HeHHe  sae KOHaX naomaoK.
Pa6oqy ycTaaKy cpa6aaH aamn c peae PT3-51 no
HOMy roKy aunOaHaT a cxeMe c TAN aaaoruHO amTe c peae PT3-50.
Hpooepa ycrpoacraa cueaquu YC3-2/2 po3sOTCa s eay-
mmeM 06Me:
1) npopec CnOHTeaHOe peae. Hp TOM TOK cpa6aTaa
peae rips noaaqe anpmeHa OT nTOpOero CTOqKa Ha 3amM
9-11 ycrpofica n UyTOM 6aoKe noaynpooAHKOaX nppos aoamea
HaxOaTCa  nAeaax 9--10 MA, KOa aospaa--e MeH 0,2;
2) poaep aen crHHsa ycTficaa.
npaaHOCT TpaTpoHa MTX-90 SHHMaC 6aOK
60poB H Ha BxoBe 3amMM 1-2 noAaeTca
a,aMaeoro Ka paaHoe 0,SUa. HamMa a aKopb aXOaHO peae
np0aepaT rauHe TpaTpoua. Hne onycKag aKopa paTpo
He Aoe racH ao KBHTHpOBaHHR KHOHKO SB. HapeHHe
aaeTca Ao 1,5 Uo. TpaTpou He AoameH 3ampaTbўa pH
aKope. B ye saa peMOS-pa npopc a
14'

212 HaAaOra au4ur or aa;btranua na aeAto Paa. 7 § 7.5 flpooepra aau4ur u ycrpocTO cuznaAuaaquu pa6ou oro; 213
Pne. 7.16. CxeMa cnarna xapaK-
repncrnK ycTpOtCTBa YC3-2/2 c
nepeHocmau rpancdpopuaropou
TOKa {yeaoil nocej1onaTebnO-
CTBa Ha qacToTax 50, 150, 250, 350, 550, 650 n 2000 ra no cxeMe pHc,
7.16. za CnaTa xapaKTepHCTK ycrpOCTH ҐC3-2/2 cnoab3yeTca ne-
peaocao TAN raKo e rna, KaK  roT, Or KOpO nramTC yeT-
poeTa. H3-aa HeaaqaTezbo MOmHOCTa reaepaTa HaKO aCTOT
afl noaenna 6OZbmnx nepanqHX TOKOB, npnaeeHaX K OHOMy
epea OrHO TAN aaMaTaaeTcff 50 BHTKOB. epanqHfi Tog, npnBeeHHfi
g OHOM BHTKy, paaeH npoaneeHH nogaaaHnfl aMnepMerpa Ha qHcao
UOTaHuX aHTKOa. HozyqenHe rOKa cpa6aTaanna
aTbCa OT anHuX, npnaeenHux a Ta6z. 7.2, 6ozee qeM Ha 30
naaoaa aoT OT 150 0 650 Fa. ECZH TOKH cpa6aruaaHna He yKza-
aarcs B onycnuue npeeab, npoaepaTC corzacymmnfi rpaHcopua,
p T, p0cceb L n KOHeHCaTop CI, C3.
nuaeTcfl xapaKTepUCTnKa aaaHCHMOCTUTOKa cpa6aTaaHna
ror roKa npn nanpameHaX nTaH, paaHuX 0,8 Uaou a 1,2 Uao= Ha pa-
qefi ycTaaKe. OTuqHe TOKOB cpa6aTuaaHn
ne oamHu OTaHqaTbC 6oaee qeM na 25 %.
KaqecraeHny npoaepKy cpa6aTuaaHna C3-2/2 UOHO npoaaaecTa
 6e3 cnozbaoaaH FHq--nporpyaKofi Kaoro TAN nepBaqHu rO-
XOM 50 Fa. B aTOM ezyqae qepe30KnO TAN nponyeKaT nporpyaoqa
poaoa n yaezaqaaaT TOK O cpa6aTuBana peze. HauepeHHUfi TOK cpai
6araanna ozeH 6Tb ueHbme roKa aauuKaHH Ha 3euz (3aaeTca
y6ofi P3A a npoaepaeTca OnTOU HCKyCCTaeHHoro aauuKaHHa na aeu-
). Hpa OHoaaHux aauuKaHnax B ceTa a rOKe 3 I0 acera npncyrcray-
mr cocTaazamne 150--2000 FU, a na aTnX acrorax TOK cpa6aTaaHng
peze 3naqnTeabnO Menbme, qeM Ha qaCTOTe 50 Fa. HoaroMy eCZH npoB
n TOK cpa6aTuaaHna na qaCTOTe 50 Fa, TO o6ecneqnaaeTc
anTn aeao cpa6aTUBaUn ycrpocTaa npn TOKaX
Hpoaep ycrpodcraa cuenauaauu C3-3. XapaKrepncTHKa aaaH
MOCTa noKaaaHH -uaKpoaunepuerpa OT aepannoro roKa, qacToT
 qyBeTSHTebHOCTH ycrpoficraa canuaeTea no cxeue pile. 7,16-a coora
CTBHH c Ta6a. 7.3. HoKaaaHnfl npn6opa He 20mHU OTnqaTbCfl OT anHuX
Ta6n 6oaee qeM B 2 paaa. Ecru noKaaanna npn6opa 6yyT OTnqaTbCfl
6oee qeM B 2 paaa, caeyeT HpoBepnTb OTebHMe aeMeHT CXeM yCT-
poficTBa.
7.4. KoMnzecnaa nponepKa 3amnT n ycTpoflcrn
B CBffaH C TeM, qTO B6Op n npoBepKa pa6oqnx yCTaBOK IIpOHaBOHTCa
TOKOM, noaBaeMtM B nepBqHyo OMOTKM TpaacopMaTopa ToKa Hyae-
BO OCeXOBaTebHOCTH, O6%eM KOMHeKCHO poBepKn 3aHT n yCTpOCTB
CHrHaHaaHH OT 3aiKaaHfi Ha 3ei 3ttaqHTebHO coKpamaeTca o cpa-
HeHH C ApyrMH BAaMn 3amT. HpoaepKa apeiea pa6oTu 3amTu
B nOHO CXeMe He06aaaTebHa, TaK KaK ceTn 610 KB C MaauMn TOKaMn
aaMKaHn Ha aeMa onycKaT pa6oTy npn onoaaHuX K3  TeqeHne
2 q H 3aHT, KaK npaanao, BMnOHTC C AefiCTBHeM Ha cnrnaa:
O6eM KOMeKCHO npoBepKH B OCHOBHOM CBOHTC K pOBepK B3a-
HMOeCTBna 3aHT n yCTpOCTB CHrHaH3aHH C ApyrHMH 3$aMn,
aBTOMaTHKO, ypaBeHHeM H eCTBHeM O6TaHHOHHO cHFHaH3a-
HH, fl TaKme K npoBepKe eCTBHfl 3flHT Ha OTKqeHHe BUKaqaTeae,
rAe aTO npeycMoTpeno pOeKTOM. HpoaepKa B3aHMOeCTBHa poHaBOHTCfl
no pHHHHabHMM CXeMaM fipn HapflmeHHH onepaTnBHOrO ToKa, paBHo-
FO Oaom H 0,8 Uom, 3aMMKaHHeM KOHTaKTOB BpyqHy B OTBeTCTBHH
C peKoMenAanaMn, npnaeAennUMn  } 1.6.
aa 3amTu 33H-1 aonoaTeabo npoaoaTca npoaepKa noMexoaa-
mmeocT TpacopiaTopa ToKa yaeao aocaeaoaaTeaboc, aTopq-
HMX TOKOBMX enefi H KOMeKTOB 3aHTM OT BHHH OMeX H HaBOAOK.
HpoaepKa npoaaonTca npn Un.,=24 B, 3U0=100 B  MaKCMabHO
HarpyaKe AaHHoro npncoe&HeHn. HanpameHHe 3 U n noaeTca oT nOCTO-
pOHHero. HcToqHnKa np npaMO  o6paTO noaflpocTax. B cayqae yaoa-
eTaOpUTeabO loama TAN, aTopqux enefi TpacopiaTopoa TO-
Ka H KOMneKTa 3aBTM HanpaeHHe Ha BblBOAaX 11-13, H3MepeHH
aOabTieTpo! nocToaoro TOKa C R.a5 KOM/B (MI200, M2038 n ap.),
e peaumaeT 4--5 B a ycTaaKe 1 n 3 B a ycTaaKe 2.
PeKoMeaauu no am6opy ycaaoK ycTpoficTaa C3-2/2. CTaBKn
yCTp0cTBa paccqnTaHM TaKBM o6pa3OM, qTOM Ha BCeX nenoBpemAeHnux
HHHX C CO6CTBeHHMM eMKOCTHMM TOKOM lc, #flBHMM 10 0]0 oero CyM-
.Maporo ToKa Bcex npucoeAnen ano anpameana Icz,  ycTaaKO,
paao ly,,=lOIe, oSecneqnaaaca KOaneT OTcTpoKn ko,,>2. 060-
3naqee ycTaaOK 25, 50, 100  250 yaauaaeT npn aTou, KaKOiy ICZ oa
cooTaeTcTayeT.
7.5. HposepKa 3amHr u ycrpoflcrn curnaauaatmu
pa6oqHM TOKOM H nanpflmenueM
HpoBepKa aanT n yCTpOfiCTB cnrnaanaaann pa6oqHM TOKOM H nanpa-
eHHeM CBOAHTC B OCHOBHOM K npoBepKe TOKa HAH nanp2menn2'He6aaaH-
ca, naMepennoro nenocpeCTBenno na nxoAe peae. Hpn TOM HKcHpyTCfl
aHaqeHna nepnnqnoro TOKa narpyaKn poaepaeMoro npncoeanHenn.

214 Haadra aav4ur or atxanufi na aeunto Pa3. 7 § 8.1 Kparrue rexnuecrue caeOenua 215
neneM aaOTCa aanpaaennaa 3amnTa syeao. noceoaTenuOCTH
33H-1 a ycTpoficTaO caraaaaaaa C3-2/2, an npaabofi oena pa-
OT KOTOpX Heo6xoMO npoaecTn OHOaawe.bHO OHT cKyccTBeH-
oro oanoCaagoro 3aMagna ga 3eMm.
flpoepa aamTg 33-1. B cnan c TeM TO  CeTX 3--10 B 3-3a
OWCyWCWBafl aCnTawebHOfi   aMTaa anpea yeaofi nO-
ceoBaTebHOCTH npoepaa 3aWbl nO arpy3ofi aTpygaTeuga,
aoro TV npeapwebgo onpeeneTca opHOCTb OSMOTOK.
ro co CTOpOHb{ BCOKOrO HanpeHna BHMaeTc peoxpaTeu OHOfi
n3 @a3 H nepanqHaa O6MOTKa TV awO @a3 3aKopaquBaeTc. CTpOHTCfl
aeKwopnaa narpaMMa pacnozomemn aeKTopa HanpameHHn a OTKpUTOM
rpeyrobHnKe (qvo COOVaeTcTByeT aeKwopy 3 U o pn 3aMb{KanHn Ha 3eMm)
OTHOCHTebHO aTopnqHoro, npeaapaTe,nbHO ca3npoaanoro Hanpaenn
TV pyro CeKUUa (nn qepe nonnammnfi vpancopMawop or rpac-
opMaropa coraenux Hya). KOHUU OrKpuroro rpeyrobHnKa apKn-
pyrca.
Za npoaepa opneaTnpoan no nanpaaenn aamnTu 33H-1 ero
n OTKqaTC OT TV  na 3anTy noaeTc OT nOCTOpOHnero nCTOq-
nna nanpfleune 100 B, coanaamee no aae c aeTopou
Ha OTKpTOM TpeyrobHHKe, opeeeHnM, KaK yKaaaHO ame.
MTaTebHOfi TOKOBO mHe B HanpaBeHHH OT mH B HHH oAaeTCa TOK
He MeHee 21, BeKTOp KOTOpOFO Ha 90 ° oepemaeT BeKTop HapameHH.
Peae AOamHO HaAemHO cpa6aTMBaTb. B pOTHBHOM cayqae HeoxoHMO
H3MeHHTb oapHOCTb TpaHcOpMaTOpa TOKa.
O HCHMTaTebHO mHae MOmHO BpoycKaTb B TOKH 3aHaeMoFO pH*
peAo noA3mnam  pa3el! salaM a3 A, B 
MepeHHa B aqefiKe pacpeeHTebHo yCTCTBa, CTpOPO coSmAaa nO-
3apsocTu. BMaa mvpu 3 KOHTaKTHOrO pa3eMa, popoM BAў-85
B3MepamT 3HaqeHHe H a3y nponycKaeMoro qepe3 TAN woKa, p 3TOM
a3o gemefi np5opa Ao3mo 6T oSpameo  Tpacopiavopal TO,
Ka. OTMeqamT cpaaTMBaHHe BB AeCTBHe peae. CTpOaT BeKTopHy
AarpaMMy B aHa3H3pymT noBeAeHHe pe c HoaHHMM tia 3aHTy BeKTO-
poi
Hpoepa yc*poficTa crnaasa YC3-2/2  YC3-3. Hocae
qeHB yCTpOfiCTB B pa6OTy eaecoo6pa3no np nepBoi aHTeabHOM 3aMM-
KaHHH Ha 3eM.qm poBecT H3MepeHHa. ypoBHefi BMCmHX PapMOHBK B TO-
Kax HyaeBofi nOCaeAOBaTeabHOCTH noBpemAeHHMx H HenoBpemAeHHMx
COeHHeHH.
3a ycvpoficva YC3-2/2 31epaevca anpamee a osypax xo-
soro 5aoa (3amM 10-12) cex peae. Ha nopemaenol npcoeae
sapamese a 3amMax 10-12 ycpoficva aoamo 5Vb npMepo  4 pa-
3a 6oabme HanpameHH Ha HenoBpemAeHHMX npHcoeHHeHHX.
. a ycpofica YC3-31 pe3yaua n3Mepefi ocscs  npoTooa
HaaKH C O3aTebHMM yKa3aHBeM noaomeHHa eKaqaTea qyBCT-
BHTebHOCTH.
Paac)e. oocbtot
HAJIAJ1KA J1HCTAHILHOHHblX 3AII[HT
8.1. KparKe TexnnqecKne cneAenxfl
KOM6HHHpoBaHHIe naae,a aamltTla "rnnoB :9113-1636-67/I a 3H3-
1636-67/2 npeAHaaHaqeHbi Aa 3anTU HHH aeKTpoepeAaqH HaHpflH;e-
mei 110--220 B. KotcvpytfTUanoe auoene nanen--ynaepcaboe,
qTO nO3BOaeT mHpOKO HCHOb3OBaTb ee a ceTax pa3aHqHOlri KOHHrypa-
tIH, C pa3HqHMMH Tpe6OBaHHflMH K CTpOefiCTBHm H pe3epBHpOBaHn
pyrux 3aHT.
aHeH MO(yT MTb HCHOb3OBaHM B KaqecTBe OCHOBHO H pe3epBHO
3aHTM HHHH, TObKO pe3epBHOfi pH HaHqHH Apyrofi OCHOBHO HH Ha-
paBeHHOfi 3aHTM C BMCOKOqaCTOTHO OKHpOBKO. aHeH
pa3eeH Ha Aaa OTebHX KOMHeKCa C HCHOB3OBaHHeM  9TOrO
HCnMTaTeAbHMX 6OKOB, nO3BOHX HpOH3BOHTb paaebHy npoaepKy
KamAoro KOMfiaeKca.
epB KOMeKC COCTOHT H3 ByXCTyeHqTO HCTaHHOHHO
Tg (I  II czyne), aeCTnymmefi np mtoroaaHX K3,  IV CTynea
TOKOBO HanpaBeHo 3aHTM OT 3aMMKaHfl Ha 3eM. fl BMHOHeliHfl
ero cnoabsymvCS 6aOK peae AK (KOMaeKT vnna 3-2), ycTpofico 6aO-
pOK OV Kaqaafi AKB (vna KPB-125 a 3H3-1636-67/1 aa KPB-
126 aaa 3D3-1636-67/2), TpexCaase aaeKTpoMartmTte pete TOSa
KAI  KA2 (vna PT-40/P), peae HanpaBaemls MOmHOCT KW
PBM-177 t PBM-178), pete TOKa KA3 (Tnna PT-40), npoiemyToqaoe
pete KL2 (vna PH-255), CngVabHge 6aOa XAI, XA2, XA5.
Bvopofi KOlnaeKC COCTOV  oAocvyneqavo aCVaSOHOfi aam-
VbI (III cTynesb)  VOKOnO ovceq, eficTnymmax npa Msoroa3HX
K3, n qpexcvyneHqaVofi voonofi anpanaeo samnvg yaenofi nocaeao-
aveabHOC  OV aalKa a seMam (I, II, III cvyneH).aa no-
HeHa nvoporo KOlnaeca cnoasymvca 6aOK peae AKZ (vna KPC-1),
KOMnaeKVg aamv AK1 (vna K39)  AK2 (Tna K310), cnaeaHe
6OKa XA3, XA4, XA6  eKovopaa apyraa annapaTypa.
Bgnoaee  aaaaAKa KOlnaeKTO MT3  peae KW, KA3 IV cwye-
HH 3aHTM OT 3aMMKaHHfi Ha 3eMa paCCMOTpeHM B paaA. 3.
Ha pBc. 8.1 npBeeHa cxeMa BMHOHeHHN uenefi nepeMeHHOrO ToKa
 Hanpameaa o6ox KOMnaeKcon. KolnaeKV 3-2 (asyxcTyneaqaaa aC-
TaHHOHHa 3aHTa) coAepmBT TpH HETaHHOHHMX opraaa, BqeHHMX
Ha aHHefinge nanpameHBa H pa3Hocvb a3Hgx TOKOB, H 06ecneqBaeT Bb-
nOaHeHHe AByx He3aBHCBMMX peryaBpyeMgX yCTaBOK Zep no I H II CTyne-
HaM. B KOMneKT BXOAflT ypocTBO 6oKHpOBKH OT oBpemeHHfl ene
HanpameHHa H 6aoK nuTaaua Aaa noaynponoAaKongx Hyb-HHHKaTOpOB
AHCTaHHOHHMX opraHoB.
OMeKT KPC'I COaTOBT B3 pex HCTaHHOHHMX opraHoB, BKqae-
MmX Ha aHHefiHOe HapmeHHe B pa3HOCTb a3HgX TOKOB, H
B KaqecTne Acvauoux  nyCKOngX opraon B paaauqgx cxeiax
mv. B paccMavpnaelgx vnax aamT KPC-1 o6ecneqaeT yCTaK III
cTyeHH, 6OK nHTaHHa Aa OyHpOBOHHKOBMX Hyb-HHHKaTOpOB
TaHUOSHgX opraao aaaaoro KOMnaeKVa ycvaaoeH  KOMnaeKVe AK2
(n K310).

216
ttaaOra Oucantuotntx aauu
Paaa. 8
§ 8.2 Bolno.anenue a.ae.uenroe aau4uTot 217
KOHCTpyKTHBHO Kamloe peae CoIIpOTHBIeHHa KZ BbnOlHeHO B BHle
OTleIbHOFO 6aoKa, u, enB HapaKeHHa H rlOCTOflHHOFO O[IepaTHBHOFO TOKa
FIOIBOIflTCfl K 6lOKy qepe3 pa3%eMHOe coelHHeHlte, a TOKOBbe ,eI]H-
pes paseiHy qeTmpexaKIiHy KOaOIKy.
BtIIOIHeHHe oepaTHBltbX ene IIOCTOaHHOFO TOKa 3aIltT--yHHBep-
cabHOe, Heo6xolHMaa CXeMa c06HpaeTca, ncXOla H3 aalaHHbX yCTaBOK,
[IO 3aBOICKHM Ta{JIHRaM C IIOMOIIIbK) nepeMbqeK Ha aamHMax KOMFIJIeKTOB
H paaax 3a)KHMOB. B CXeMy 3alIIHTbI MOFyT IOIIOJIHI4TeIbHO IIOIKllOqaTbCfl
KOHTflKTbl pete ynpaBaeHHa, flBTOMflTHKH, {YIOKHpOBOK, IIOBTOpHOFO BKYIIO-
ea AKS  lp. B aaaolcx qbopMamOHx Matepaax paoITC
gO,HOe onHcaHHe npHHRBna le!CTBHfl H yKa3bBaeTc Ha3HaqeHHe OTleb-
HbX 9IeMeHTOB 3aIIIHTM, IIOaTOMy a HaCTOalI,eM paaaeae paCCMOTpeHM TOJIb-
KO Oco6eHHOCTH BbIFIO.rIHeHHfl OCHOBHbIX 9.rIeMeHTOB 3alRHTbl.
8.2. BbllIOIHeHHe 9ebleHTOB 3'alIgHTld
Pearnpytomae opraum cxeMm cpanHenHfl., B 6oabmcTae. cayqaea
B KaqecTae pearnpymmem opraHa CXeMM cpaagegH HCTaHHOHHMX peae
copoTgBaeHna HCOab3yeTCa OynpoBoAKOBMfi nyab-HHaTop, B OT-
eBbHMX KOMBeKTaX HCOb3yTc MaFHHTO$eKTpHqecKHe peae THHa
M237/0.
Hpnn eficTan nyb-SnKaTOp ocoaas na conocTaaen -
TebHOCTH noonvebHoro (pa6oqero) n OnRaweHOrO (Topuoaoro)
crHaoa Ha auxoe cxeMu cpanen  HKCaKHH npeaumenn paSoqero
crHaa a TopuoaHUM. PeacTop R3, RY coanamv OnOpHU ypoaenb
(ypoaeb ny) u onpeeSmT qycTanTebnOCrb cxeuu (pnc. 8.2).
Cra c auxoa cxeuu cpaaHenn KZ qepea MKpocxeMy DI cpaa-
aaeTc c onopHu ypoaHeM. B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT noTennaa cnraa cxe-
MU cpaase OTHOCHTeAbHO ypoaH ny sa auxoe DI pupyeTc
HopMupeufi nO aeqne ca TO  HO nopnocT.
qepe3 peancTop R2 nponcxon aap KoHecaropa C2 TOKOM, no-
pnocTb KOrOpOrO onpeeewc nopHObm cnrHaa a xoe DI.
BKmqeHsue acTpeqHo nO VDI  VD2 orpaHnqnaamT ypoaenb ap-
a KoHeucaTopa np mSo nopHOCTm MKpocxeMa D2 no uen OS-
paTHofi CatCH qepea peancTop R5 oSecneqaaeT aanaun ypoaenb ua ne-
nnaepTupyeuou axoe. Hp OCTHeaH aaaHnoro ypo noTenuaa a
KoeHcaTope C2 MeHeTC pHOCTb Ha auxoxe D2 n nOflpnOCTb onop-
noro crsaa D2. C auxoa D2 qep coracymmfi TpaHanCTOp VT crua
nocTynaev Ha HCOAHHTeHUfi opran  npoMeyTOqHOe pete K. CxeMa HC-
HOHHTeabHUX uenefi peae conpoTnBaeH-KZ!. KZ& KZ3 aunoaneua
 HCHOb3OBaHHCM Onoro auxono npoyvnoro peae K. KoTopoe
ycauoaae,o KoucvpyKvnauo a peae KZ2; auxoane 6aoKn a cxeiax KZI
 KZ30vcyvcTaymv.
Bucooqyacwneaoe larn,voaaevpnqecoe peae M3P T,na
M237/054 ,Meev o cpa6avuaa.,n 6--12 IA. vo vepM,qecofi CVOfiO-
CT 2 uA. Peae repueTqnoe, nMeeT 3auHyvoe gTabHOe RnanApqecgoe
2pMO, RHanHApnqgnfi CTaAbHO cepeqHHK n HOCTOaHHe MarHHTM--no-
c, pacnoaomeHe KOHReHTpBqeCKH MAy apMOM B cepeqHBKOM
(pC. 8.3). May cepezos. noaca pacnoaomea pasa c azym.
o.
Bcooyscszeaboe M3P o6aaaez secbia si eperaaMezm

218 H anaOHa Oucr autluonnotx uauur Paaa. 8 § 8.2 Btnonnenue a ne,uenroo 3augurer 219
pOBaHHbIM KOattHIHeHTOM BO3BpaTa, IIpaKTliqeCKH 6JIH3KHM K Hy,rIIO. ,JDI
o6ecneqena BhlCOKOI?I qyBeTBHTeJIbHOCTH /ep=6--12 MKA HaqaibHa
TDKKa npy14H BeCbMa Iie3Haq14TeJIbHa, IIO3TOMy BO3MOKHO aa14naHae KOH-
TaKTOB FIpH eHffT14H e pete MaJIblx pa6oq14x MOMeHTOB. HaaecHfi BO3BpaT
M.P B' HCXOIHOe noloceHHe o6ecneq14BaeTcff TOpMO3HBIM TOKOM B O6MOT-
Ke B HopMabHOM n rtOCJIeaBapHfIHOM peC14Max.
BB14Iy MaJIOI MaCCbI paMKH Ha pete BO3MOKHO BO3HHKHOBH14e B IIO-
BH)KHOI C14CTeMe KOJIe6aTeJIbHOFO npoecca, npUBOllero K
rt HapymeHHo HalecHoro 3abKaHHn KOHTaKTOB. JIfl npeloTBpameHHfl
aToro IBJleHHfl O6MOTKa P, aMeman conpOTHBJIetlHe 1400--2000
XZў3 
• R-
x 
PIle. 8.2• FIpmttHnnaabnaa cxeMa noynpoaoIn14Konoro 14yab-n[llIKaTOpa
UlyHTrlpyeTCt pe3HCTOpOM R8 COIlpOTrlBJleHrleI 15 KOM tt eKOCTblO C2.
TOM e.ayuae pe.ae pa6oTaeT e pezc14Me KpHTrlqeCKOFO yenoKoeH14n r Brl6-
patun KOHTaKTOB npH TOM oTeyTeTByeT. 3amHTy O6MOTKa M:gP B pe.ae KZ
BtanO,aHnOr ,ao,ata VDI, VD2, orpaH14q14BaotttHe HanpneHHe Ha 06MOTKe
(pnc. 8.3, ) H BbinOJiHtlotlleee dpylKI/,Hrl, a14aJIorrlq14hle qbyHKIHtM HO]OB
VD6  VD7 B cxeMax p14c. 8.7 H 8.12.
n o6ecneqea14a 14a3,erloro ,eflCTBttt /)P Ilpe,ycMoTpetto orpaHa-
qe14He 14allpl}Ke14Ht nocTot1414oro TOKa Ia KO14TaKTaX peJIe H 06t3aTedlb14oe
UJyHTHpOBaHHe KOHTaKTOB HCKpOFaCHTeIbHM KOHTypOM. ]]IonycT14MOe Ha-
lipteHrle Ha KOHTaKTaX /'Y_)P OIHCHO 6blTb 14e 6oaee 120 B. HanpaeHae
CxeMy, r:ae aer[oJIb3yOTCI KOHTaKTb /V_)p, t]o2IaeTcI CO CTa6H,aHTpOHOB,
KOTOpble BgJllOqalOTCfl llOCdle,/1OBaTedlbtlO C ,B, OHOTIHHTeJIbHblM pe3tlCTOpOM.
IaoK nnran smao,aeB no cxeMe tsyxraKTaOro npeo6pa3oBaTe.a
caMoao6yx, c,eareM (prec. 8.4). Hanpae14ae onepaTasaoro noc'roaaaoro
TOKa aa BXO, naTaaan 6aoKa (3aaM 39-9 KOMnaeKTa AK Tana ,/I,3-2
31-29 KOMnaeKTa AK2 rrma K310) t, o6ecnermaomero nanpax, ce14re ,an
ryar-aH,aKaTopos KoMnaeKra AKZ THna KPC-I) no,aeTcn epe ,ono,a-
aaTe.nr14e percTop R3, R3'  AK r R4, R4"  AK2, ycTa14o.ne1414e
ae KOMnaeKTOm name --aa 3ax, caM 39(31), Mrmyc--Ha 3aaM 9(29),
* B 2IadlbHeflmeM /l Jilt KOMndleKTa AK2 HoMepa JIeMeHTOB 6,yT AaHI
• B CKO6KaX.
C pe3ncTopa R32(Rll) IeJ14Te,n R31--R32 (RIO--Rll) OTpHaTeJm-
Hoe HanpnenHe CMeIIIeH14 noIaeTca Ha 6a3b IByx O2L14OT14IIHblX wpaH314C-
WOpO VT1, VT2 qepe3 IBe noJyceKt14a OMOTK14 J2. ,JIt o6ecneqen14n
rapanwHpoaaHoro OWKplaIW14t O,HOFO Ha HHX npH notaqe 14anpen14
nHTanHn noyceKtt14a BbmOneHb C nepaan q14CZOM BHTKOB. OTKpTHe
6oro Ha TpanaHCTOpOa aauBaeT npOTeKanHe TOKa Buena aMHTTep--KOZ-
eKTOp H np14BOHT K nonnetmm nanpaxen14n na COOTaeTcTaymmefi
.nycertt14n O6MOTKH WI. Hanpnxenne Ha noyceKttn14 coa)aeT 2C na non.
HOfi 05MOTKe W 14 Ha ncex IpyrHx 06-
Pac, 8.3. YnpottteHHan CxeMa M3P Trlna M237/054:
a--cxeMavecKoe ao6pacenHe KOHCTpyKRHH M:BP: 1 RpMO; 2--cepeqnK: 3
not]ocb[; 4- paMKa ў KaTymKo; 5 HO,BHCH KOHTaKT; 6- HenOHHb[ KOH-
zaKT;  CXeMa aHypeH[]HX COeIHHeHH; 8--BKIIOeHHa O6MOTKH N)P B CXeMe
CpaHeHH KZ: 8--CxeMa BKIIfleHHa KoHTaKTOB M)P B KenI oHepaTHBHoro TOKa

220 . Hanac)a c)ucrantuonnbtX zauur Paa/t. 8 § 8.2 Bbtnonnenue znegenro8 au4urt 221
PHc. 8.4. CxeMa 6aoga ,IIHTaHHt
/1HCTaHIHOHHblX opcaHOB KOMII-
O603HaqeHHM COOTBeTCTByOT 3HaqeHHt yCTaBKH, yBeJIHqeHHbe B 5 pa3:
1,25; 215; 5,00M la qba3y. Ba 3HaqeHH yraa MaKCHMaAbHOI qyBCTBH-
TeJIbHOCTH peae (65--5 ° a 80-----5 °) o6ycIomAeHbl TeM, qTO BTOpHqHble o6-
pe3rlcropaMrl Rg, RII (yroa 65 °)
R10, R12 (yroa 80°), HMelOIIIHMH pa3oe conpowBeae, conpoTHB-
enle pe3HCTOpOB R10, R12 nOqW B 4 pa3a 60Bme, qeM pe3HcwopoB R9,
X
Ha cxeMa cpaBHeHH COCTOHT
H3 IByX BhlIIpM/4TeJIbtIblX
TOm VDI+VD4 . VD5+VD8,
ByX 6aaaaCTHX pe3acTOpOB RI, R2, no KOTOpblM npoTeKaT TOKH pa6o-
nero a TOpMO3HOrO KOHTypOB, H pearnpymero opraHa  Hyab-aaaKaTopa
H, BKqeHOPO Ha 6aaa HanpneHah KOHTypOB.
B KOMffeKeHO HOeKOeT eoHpOTBeHH XflpaKTepHCTHKa peae pe 
CTaBeT CO6Ofi oKpyHOCTb, npoxonym uepe3 aaaao KoopHHaT, H pac-
ooeHHy o yrOM MaKCHMabHO qyBCTBHTebHOCTH pete . g OCll
aKTHBHMX COnpOTHBAeHH R (prec. 8.6). pHanaaabHa cxeMa peae npm-
Beeea Ha pc. 8.7. Pe coepT ceymme eMeHT:
I) wpamcpawop HanpeH TV1, noanma peryponawb
yCTaBKH no I H II 30HaM }I3MeHeHHeM CyMMapHorO qHcAa BHTKOB Byx
HoeOBaTebHO BKqeHHMX OSMOTOK Ha BTOpHqHO CTOpOHe.
KqeHHe yCTaBOK C I Ha tI 30Hy npo3BOHTC aBTOMaTqKH
TaKTaMH BHOCHOFO npoMeywoqaoro peae KLI. O6MOTKa rpy6o pery-
HpOBKH coepaT 80 % BHTKoB C BO3MOHTb nepeKaeanfi epea
20 0,  Kao H3 3011 MeeTc eme no O6MOTKe C TpeM oTnafiKaMH
Kaan. Hane oTnaeK O3BOeT qepe3 5 0/0 cTyneaqaTo peryApoBavb
yCTaBKy cpa6aTBaaH, a pe3HcTop R29  R28, yTHpyHe qaCTb O6-
MOTOK I H II 3On C 8 % BaTKOB, o6ecneqaBamr naasaym peryaapoBy
B aanaaoae Mey cTyneanMa. Pe3acTop RI6--R19, R20--R25 oSecne-
aamT CTa6HbHOCTb conpovaaeaan TOpMO3HOrO KOaTypa npa peryaapoB-
Ke yCTaBOK; nepBqaaa O6MOTKa TVI eeT OTO S nepeKmqeaaa
a BaTKOB npa nepexone K pyroMy yray MaKCaMaabHOfi qyBCTBHTeab-
HOCTH;
) TpaacpeaTop TAV1, aMeafi Be nepmqHe O6MOTn, Koqae-
Me Ha pa3aTb TOOB ByX a3,  Be BTopanHe O6MOTK. H3MeaeHneM
qHca BHTKOB HepBqax O6MOTO MOHO H3MeHflTb yCTaBKy pe COHpO-
WaBaeHn B 2 n 4 pa3a, o6oaaaqean y nepeKamqareae ycTaKn 0,25; 0,5;
l:0, COOTTCTBymT HOMHRabRMM 3HaqeaaM MHaMaabaX yCTaBOK
OM aa Ca3y, np lao==5 A; npn acnoaaeHan -peae na lao.=l A amM

222 HanaOxa Oucrantluonnx aauur Paa,.- 8 § 8.2 Botnonnenue aaenenroe saulurt 223

224
HaaOa Oucramuonnbtx saur
Pa3. 8
Y]75 ltllf7
P14c. 8.9. OnepaT14SHue trent4 3alll,14TbI 3-2
§ 8.2 Bbtno./ttteuue 3AemettTOe 3aurbt 225
HOfi naHenH 9FI3-1636. B cs14314 c 9T14M a npHHLtHn14anbHOfi cxeMe KOMII-
neKTa (pHc. 8.9) HeKOTOpble KOHTaKTbI, 3aK14Mbl 14 ycTpoICTBa /Ia14 cayqa14
aBTOHOMHOFO HCHOJIb3OBaHHI KOMllaeKTa Iip14 BblI]OJIHeH1414 IByXCTyIleHqaTO!
/14CTaHLtHOHHOI 3aIIHTbI He HCllOdlb3ylOTC14.
B 3aBolCKOfi AOKyMeHTaLt14H IIp14Beeobl BO3MOKHe cnyqaH HCIIOnb30-
Ba,a 3amnTl 14 nepeqHceH qbyHKILHH OTeJlbOblX aene c yKa3aHHem IIo-
.omeHH nepemblqeK Ha BbBO)aX KOMnneKTOB H plOB 3aXiHMOB, Mecza
KmOeHn KOHTaKTOB pa3nHqnblX IlyCKOBbZX 14 6noitpyomHx peae. Hc-
llOinenne 3aLUnTbI no3BoeT IIOlKmOaTb peze 14 yCTpOfiCTBa aBTOMaTHn,
He oconopeHHble B 3aBOZCKOfi ZOKyMenTaaHH, nO 3alaHHbli yCTaBKaM.
HaKe IlpHBe)enbl OCOOeHHOCTH BbIrlOHeHH H na3naqenHe OCHOBHblX
peae CXeMhI OIIepaTHBHblX aene /I3-2.
Peze KL1 (THna KllP 3) npana3naqeHO aza nepeKmoeHB ycTaO
)IHCTIHHOHHbIX opraHoB C I Ha II cTyneob, ilepeKJloqeo14e ocylIeCTBaaeT-
C <<MOCT1411114M14:$. KO14TaKTaMH, KOTOpbe OTperyJIHpOBaHb] TtK, qTO nepe-
moqen14e B14TKOB. paocqbopMaTOpOS oanp14KeH1414 TV1 pete KZ1--KZ3
(prlc. 8.7) npo14cxo14T 6e3 pa3pbma Lten14 TOpiO3OOrO KOHTypa. Peae KL1
poe pa60qe O6MOTK14 KLI. 0 14Meet yepa14Batomyto O6MOTKy KLI. 01,
BKIIOqeHHMIO riocne/OBaTenbno c KOHTtKTOM peae K, qb14Kc14pyoulero cpa-
6aThBaH14e ,B,14eTa14I140H14hlX opPaHOB KOMIIaeKTa. T14M o6ecHeq14BaeTc14 14e-
BO3MOaiHOCTb 14epeKJllOqeH1414 3alIHTb] Ha ycTaBK14 II CTyIIeH14 B cyqae cpa-
6Tbmao1414 14CTaHK14OHHbX opraHoB 14o I CTyneH14.
Pete KL2 (r1414a K/IP 1) 14Ba14eTC14 nOBTOp14Teaei nycKoBblX opra14o
3aUlHThl KOMHaeKTa AKZ  ocylIteCTBJI14eT yIIpaBJleO14e 14epeKJnoqeHHeM yC-
TaBOK e I CTy14eH14 Ha lI KOHTaKTOM peae KL2, BKdIIOqeOOli B LteII14 pa6o-
qefi O6MOTK14 KLI. O. Peae KL3 (T1414a K/IP 1) ocymecTaae qb14Kcammo
cpa6aThlBaO1414 /14CTaHLt14OHHbIX opraooB IIO I CTyIIeO14 (i|'OOBe14Hbl 3aMep),
eCJIH [ cTyne14b BhlHOa14eHa C BblAepaiKO. BpeMeH14, a1460 nO II CTy14eH14, ec-
a mr14OBeHHfi 3aiep He 14c,om,syeTcm Pete KL4 (14a 6a3e PI-I-210) --
xoaHoe 14poMeKyTOqaoe peae KOM14aeKva. Peae KL5 (T14na KP 1) 06ecne-
qHBaeT qb14KCaK1410 OAHOBpeMeHHOFO cpa6aThlBa1414ff A14CTa14Lt140HHblX opraHOB
KOMIIJIeKTa 14 6JIOKIipOBK14 Hp14 gaqaH1414x, IIO3BOnSeT BhllIOaSSTb 6aOK14poBa-
ўHe 3alIHTM Hp14 KaqaH1414X 9Heproc14ceMM B O/le)lyoII14X pexK14MaX: I CTy-
neHb 6e3 sAepaK14 Bpete1414; I CTy14eab C BbAepmKOfi Bpelea14; II CTy14eab
C 6onbmefi BNAepKKOfi Bpelea14.
Peae KL6 (T.na KP 3) noasoa14eT OCymeCTB14Tb ycKopea14e II
pH aSTOMaT14qeCKOM nOBTOp14OM BKatOqeaH14 14 onpoSoBa,14. BKaoqae-
a,. Peae KTI . KT2 ocymecsamOT sbaepaKy'speMea14 cTyne,efi
TbI, HO3BOJI141OT BbIIIO/IHffTb ycgopeH14e 3alI14T.
C14rHa/I143aiL1414 cpa6aTbBaH1414 HO pa3/114qHblM CTyHeH14M 3alI14Tb 14 B
pa3Hq14bX peKHiaX ee pa6oTt B,noa14e14a c ncnoabsoBa1414eM 6ecoHTaKT-
HX yKasaTebobx peae KH1--KH5 (TH14a C 41). C14r14a.3aa14a 0
HcnpaBaOCT14X B Lte14ax HanpameHnn BtnoHeoa C noiommo 14eo140BOh
HbI EL, yCTaHOBJIeHHoII 14a KOMIIJIeKTe, H C HCIIO3b3OBaHHeM KOHTaKTOB 14po-
MeKyTOqHOFO peae KL7 AJm [IOK31Oqe141414 Ta6dlO 14 3ByKOBOFO ycTpolCTBa.
Jla c14rHad1143att1414 AeICTB1414 3alI14TM Ha OTKaloqeH14e BbIKJlloqaTeJlel?I
S leiix OTKaOqea1414 ycTa140BneltM yKa3aTeb14Me peru KH6, KH7
PY 21),.
KpoMe nepeq14caen14bix qby14Ktt14fi OCHOBHbIX aeMe14roB onepaTrBnx
teI/el?l KOM14JIeKTa ol'ieb14Me peze 14 14x KOttTaKTbI MOryT BhrHOJIHITb I4 Ipy"
File, He OTMeqe1414Me 3leCb y14KLt1414.

226 Ha.aOKa Oucramuonntx zau4ur Paa,. 8
B Ta62L 8.1 npHBe//eHb
taux a KOMneKT 13-2 aneMeaTOa U COOTBeTCTByOUe UM 3aaotcKue 060-
3HaqeHHU.
YcrpoficTeo 6noKupomcn npn aqa..ax Heo6xotHMO /tU 6OўUpOBa-
nHU aamHT H HCKmOqenuu OaCHoro Hx cpa6aTaaHHU npn KaqaHHUX e aHep-
roc1CTeMe. HpH K3 yCTpOfiCTBO 6nOKHpOBKU AKB BBOZHT B aefiCTBUe
mHTy na BpeMH, ocTaTOqnoe tzu ee cpa6aTbBaHHa, U 6ZOKHpyeT ee, eczu
TAVI ,
TAV2
TV1,
TV2, TV3
VCI, VC2
VC3, VC4
VC5
LI
ITP, 2TP
ITH, 2TH,
3TH
1BM, 2BM
3BM, 4BM
5BM
lp
VT, VTI,
VT2
K, KVI
KLI. 0
KLI. Ol
KL2, KL3
KL4, KL5
KL6, KL7
KL8
EL
SXI--SX7
UG
IOY , 203;
T, IT, 2T
P, IPH
1PIIp
2PIl ,
4PI1, 5PII
6PII, 7PII
8P II
JIC
IH--7H
BI-I
KHI ,
KH2
KH3 ,
KH4
KH5,
KH6
KH7
cpa6aTBaHHU npu aTOM He npouaomao. B 6aOKUpOBKe npu KaqaHUUX
na KPB-126 (puc. 8.10) yCKOBOfi opraH yCTpOfiCTBa pearapyeT Ha TOga
o6paTnOfi nOCeOBaTebHOCTH, o6ecneqHBaff pa6oTy yCTpOfiCTBa pH BCeX
Bax HeCMMeTpHqHb]X K3. KpaTKOBpeMeHHOe nOflBeHHe HeCHMMeTpHH,
O6qHO npeamecTBymmee TpexaaHM K3, o6ecneqnBaeT pa6oTy 6OKU-
pOBKH  pH TOM BUe noBpeeHu, TaK KaK yCK yCTpOCTBa ocyeCT-
B3fleTC pa3MKaHM KOHTaKTOM yCKOBOrO pete KP (op3oBaHHoe
peze PHT).
 npeOTBpaeHu 3anycKa 6OKnpOBKU Or TOKOB He6aauca, BOa-
nHKamHX npn 60bmnX TOKaX KaqaH, nyCKOBOe peae MeeT TOpMOe-
Hue OT TOKa OHO H3 a3 (TpaHcOpMaTOp TOKa TAI, BpflMHTe3bHfi
MOOT VCI). a noamennfl qyBCTBHTebHOCTH 6OKHpOBKH npa OHOCa3-
HUX K3 npezyeMoTpeH onoznaTeHbfi TpancopMaTOp TA4, yeraaon-
eHnfi n HyeBOM npoBoe, npa ero HCHOb3OBaHHH TOK B O6MOTKe pete
KP nponoponaea I a 3 I0. HycKoaofi opraa ycrpofierBa eToar
UbTpa TOKfl o6paTnOfi HOCeOBaTebHOCTH, BKqero na rpanc
opMaTopa roKa TA2 a TA3, n aKrnano-eMaocraoro nzbrpa c neqaMa
8.2 Botnonueuue 9.e]neuroe 3au4urot 227
RT, R8-C2; R9, RIO-C3, no npuHrHrly /I,eICTBHU ananoruqnoro paCCMOTpeH-
HM B pa3z. 6. HyeKOBOe pe.e KP HMeeT pa6oayo H TOpo3nyo O6MOTn.
Pe.e K1 (TnHa K,[I,P 1) s HOpMa.nOM, rlOarOTOS.enHoM K ae/CTBHO
peHMe HaXO,HTCU noa naHp>KeaeM, ero aOHTaKTbX HcnoznyoTea B cxe-
2#
3"2
O
H2.  K4
$) 2o
PHc. 8.10. CxeMa ycTpofiCTBa 6nOKUpOBKn npH KaqaHHUX THna KPB-126:
a-- enu nepeennoro TOKa; 6--enH nepeMennoro HanpaeHHa; a--enn onepa-
THBHOPO OCTOflHHOFO TOKa
Me AnU pa3pemeHuu u 6nOKHpOBaUu 3aUlUT. B cxeMe npeaycoTpeH
Mep, o64cnequaamne. 6cTpfi aoaapaT pete npu pa6oTe nycKoaoro pe-
ze, BpeMu BOaBpaTa KI a nozuo cxeMe ne npeBmaeT 0.008 c. Peae K2
(Tuna KP 1) ycranoBneHo ua-aa neocTaToqnocTu qucaa KoHTaKTOa y pe-
ze K1, pa6oTaeT c HaM oanoBpeMeuno u BnoaueT acnoMoraTezue ynK-
anU, Peze K (Tuna KP 1) ameer BuaepKy BpeMeau npu BoaapaTe, ono
15"

228 l-lanaOa Oucramuounbtx aauur Paa/t. 8 § 8.2 Bbtnonenue sneenroa auurat 229
onpe2IeeT BpeM, B Teqeaue KOTOpOro 6oKnpyotttae KOttTaKThl K1 pa3-
pemauaw /teficwBae 3alllHWl. B/tepzxa BpeMeHn peze K3 o6ecneqnBaewc
c IlOMolltblO OHWypa R4--C1 a MOKeT 6blTb yBezaqeHa nouaqeHaeM gOH-
a b c
eHCaTopa C] . BO3BpaT CXeM 6OKHpOBKH B HCXOHOe nooeHHe 
ooeHHe FOTOBHOCTH K nOBTOpHOMy eCTBHMOeT HpoHcxOHTb
6o c 3aaHofi BepKOfi BpeMeH (pete BpeMeaa KT), 5o HeMeo i
eHHO noce KBHaRH aBapHH. rHOBeHHM BO3BpaT MOeT Tb BM o
OHeH KOHTaKTaMH peae MHHMabHOFO HanpffeHHff. K4 aH pyru
KOHTaKTaMH peae ynpaBaenHa aaa aBTOMaTHKH, IIOlKJIIOqaeMbIMH K 3a)KH-
My 21 yCTpO.CTBa AKB.
OTJq!4qrte ycTpoI]CTBa 6aoKHpoan npn aqanx THrla KPB-125 OT
ycTpoficrBa 6aOKnpOaKH, paccMovpermo Shame, COCTOHT TO,qbKO B HyCKO-
Oi opraHe, pearHpymmeM Ha TOKn ayaenofi nocaeonaveabHOCTH a
ee oSpaTnoft nOCaeaOaTeZbHOCTH (pc. 8.11). Pa6ova nycKosorooprma
6:IOKpOBKH anaaorqna aKTHBHO-eMKOCTHOMy HbTpy (CM. pa3. 6).
O6o3HaqeHile 3eMeHTOB 6OKHpOBKH npH KaqaHaX THHa KP5-126
{ KPB-125, npmmTue B paaAeze, COOTBeTCTByT 3aBOACKIIM 3a
HeC HaKZaZo, KOTOpe Ha 3aBOCKHX cxeMax nMeT o6o3HaneaHe HI,
H2  T. a.--B pa3zeze O603HaneHb SX1, SX2 H T.a. HrўpoBe
c HaKaOK coBnaAaT.
UyCKOBO aOMnZeKr AKZ pene conpoazeHna vna KPC-I. HpRHuna
aei]CTnnn peze conpoTaBZeHan KZI, KZ2, KZ3 6aOKa BO MHOrOM anazorH-
eH npnHUany efiCTBnn aCTaHUaOaOrO opraaa pete 3-2 npn pa6ove
ero 6e3 KOHTypa nonnTKri c yCTaBKofi TObKO OAHO cTyneHH. B OCOBy pa-
60T nonogeHa cxeMa cpaHeHfl a6comTX Bennm{. B KaecTBe pearH-
pymmero opraaa cxeu cpaBHermfl aCnOZb3yeTc nozynpoBoaHHROBU yz-
HH2HKa]op, HOHOCTb aaorqHM HCnOb3yeMOMy B KOMHeKTe -2
(CM. pnC. 8.2). HnTaHne ayz-aaam{aTopa (aaaMU +15 B, 0 B,--15 B)
nmozaeHO OT 6zoKa naTaHfl, yCTaHOBeHoro B KOMneTe AK2 (pnc.
8.12,6). 3-3a cneuHaa naeTpoKa pete, BnOZHeHHX na npaHUHne
CXeMM CpaBHeHfl a6COTHbIX BeHqH, pete o6aeT <<MepTHO 30HO}
np K3 B6Za3a mall. Hpa neonycTaOCTa oTa3a B pa6oTe yCOBX op-
raHOB B KOMnZegTe KPC-1 npeycMoTpeo cMemene xapaKTepncTKn
B III KBapaHT. CMemeaae OCTnraeTcfl BBeenaeM  TOpMO3HOh KOHTyp
pete pe3acTopa RI4 conporaeaae 3 KOM.
Hpa peryapoBe CXeM cpaBaenafl Or caMoxoa na TOpMO3Ofi TOg
8+15 MKA cMemeane xapaTepacTna BIII Bapaa COCTaBZneT 6--12 %
ycvaBgn no Ze. p annnn B cacweMe KOpOTKnX nnff aaora TaKoe
cMemeHae eonycTaO, TaK KaK BO3MO ecezeraBe efiCTBnfl
HT npn K3 aa manaMn coceaax nOCTaHna. OTOMy B yCTaBKaX HHO-
raa 3aamT neo6xorMoe cemeHae Bcero 1--3 % Zep. O6TbCfl Tagofi
xapagTepacraa MOO aaMeo pe3acTopa RI4 a pe3acTop eabmero co-
npOTaBeaafl.
zfl yamefi OTCTpOhKa aamnT OT TOKOB arpyaa Ha mmax
rpyeHaX zaaax  KOMneTe KPC-1 npeycoTpeaa BOaMOHOCT npe-
o6pa3oBaHan pyroBo xapaTepncTna nyCKOBX peze KZt--KZ3 B z-
nnTHnecKym. B CBfl3n C acnozb3oaae Byxnozynep,oaoA CXeM
npnMneHnn VCI  VC2 (anpneaan pa6oaero n TOpMOaaOrO KOHTypoB
nMeT 3naqTebaym nepeMeym COCTazflmym qaCTOVO 100 F Ha
Bxoae pearpymmero oprana CXeMU cpaBaeaaa. Zfl aczmneaafl
nepeMeaHoA cocrazflmme na opMy xapaKTepacTan KZ  o6ecneneaae
Ha2enoh pa6oT Hyzb-naKaropa aa Bbxoe cxe cpaBeaafl BZm-
nell nATp-npo6a TOpO rapMonaKa LI-C4, aaCTpOeanA aa pe3oaaHc
TOKOB.
Hpa COBnaeHa no a3e nepeMeHaX CocTaBZammax pa6onero Ip.
g TOpMO3HO Ir.K KOnTypOB; a TO nponcxoaa, ecza Hanpfleaae a TOK
K pete noaBeaea no yrzoM MaKcaMaZHO qyBCTBTebHOCT, nepeMea-
uaz cocraBnmman a Bxoe CXeM cpaBaeaas MHaaa, a npa CaBn-
re TOKOB B KOaTypax a 90 an 270 ° MaKcnMazaa (pac. 8.13). HapaMeT-
P TpaacpeaTopa peze TAV  aBrOTpacopMaTOpa TV noo6paa

230 Ha,aOra Oucranuonntx sau4ur Paa;L 8 § 8.2 Bonoanenue a,e,nnroa sau4uot 231
L
l
KBM o6pa3oM, qTO npa nO)IBe)leHHH K peae Ip H Up noA yr]oM q)., TOKH
Ip.  lv,r coBnaAaov no a3e  nepeMeuHa COCTaB][oula Ha bIxoAe
CXeMb! cpaBHeHHI MHHHMaJIbHa (pHC. 8.13, a).
Ifl IlOJIyqeHHfl JIJIHIITHqecKoI xapaKTepHCTHKH HCHOJIb3yIOT OFIO'l-
rlITeIbHOe TOpMO:,KeHHe peargpyoutero oprana, IlOIngTKy TOKa TOpMO3HOrO
KOTypa OT llepeMettHO COCTaB3Oulefi qaCTOTOl 100 Fr Ha Bxo.e CXeM
CpaBHeHttfl. I-lepeMeHHat COCTaBItlOIIIat, a caeAoBaTeabHo, it/I.OnOaHttTeb-
HbI TOpMO3HOITOK 3aBHCT OT yraa Meaily IIOJ1Be/I, eHHbIMH K pe3e TOKO1V
[  oanp>Ketei Up, J1OlIOJIOHTeJlbHbII TOpMO3HOI TOK MHHHMaJIeH llpti
q. It MaKCHMa/IeH, KorJla yrol paBe q9..+90 ° a q9..+270 °. FIepe-
MeHHat COCTaBIflOIIIaR, BblJleleHttaR Ha OOMOTKe apoccean LI, BbinptMDt-

232 HanaOKa cgucran4uonatx aauur PaaA. 8 § 8.3 Hamcgra ycrpoacra u Kon3eKro auurat 233
8.3. Haa,a yCTpOfiCTB H KoMnIeKTon 3ailHTbl
conpOTHBd/eHHe He 6od/ee 500--1000 OM, qTO llO3BOd/HeT BKd/IOqaTb HX He-
rlOCpe/lCTBeHHO B ILellb CXeMhi cpaBHeHHH IIOCd/e21OBaTed/bHO C rIod/yIlpOBOJIHIg-
KOmaM HH rmH O6MOTKO MP. B HaH6od/hmefi CTeHeHa THM Tpe6oBaHHaM
ytOBd/eTBOpHUaT mHKpoainepieTp THaa M109 C apeed/aiH 50--100--500--
1000 MKA rid/ri M109/I c npeted/aiH 100 MKA; mHKpoainepieTp M117/4
c npeAed/aMH 50--0--50 MKA
MHJqd/HaillepieTp M254. FIpH OTCyTCTBHH npH6OpOB C Mad/hiM BHyTpHHrtM
COIlpOTrlBd/eHrleM BO3MOmHO Hcnoa3OBaHHe MHKpoaMnepMeTpoB C conpoTHB-
aeHrieM 2000--3000 Oi npH COOTBeTCTBymHX npeaed/ax 50--500 MKA.
THMH npH6opamn rlport3BO/DtT HamepeHH npH Haaa21Ke CXeM CpaBHeHrtt
KOCBeHHhiM MeTO/IOM, td/H qero apa6op BKd/IOqaIOT IIOMrlmO HI/I B pacceqKy
HaKd/a)XKIt SX3 Ha BblBO,/bl a-a, H OH CBOHM BHyTpeHHHM CoIIpOTrtBd/eHHeM
3aMeueT BXO21HOe COllpOTrlBd/eHae rlod/yllpOBOtHaKOBOrO HH Hd/n MDP;
4) MltOronpe//eabnhi. npri6op //d/H naMepettH nOCTOHltttoro H nepeMeH-
noro TOKa H aanpamenHH  ainepBoabTMeTp THnOB 4354, 4342, I24317
Hd/H anad/orHqnhie aM. HeioTophie npH6ophi TaKrtX TtIIIOB, HanpHiep 4317,
alerOT Ha npeed/e 50 MKA BttyTpeooee cortpOTrlBd/erlrle 2000 OM, OHrl MOryT
ycnemHo IIpHMeHHTbCH /LrlH H3mepeHHffi B teIIflX CXeMb] CpaBHeHHH H IIO3-
BOd/HIOT O6OfflTHCb npH Had/atKe 6ea cIlettHaabHMX MHKpOaMIlepMeTpOB;
5) MeraoMMeTp na 500 ri 1000 B.
I'lpH IIpOH3BOtCTBe ttad/a/loqHhiX pa6oT MOryT IIOHaAO6rlTbCI peOCTaTb]
Ha paaaqnhie nomHnaabohie /taHHhie no TOKy H COnpOTHaaenriHi, COe21rlOH-
TeabHhie apoBo/ta, a npH npoBepKe ao/t narpyao--npH6op BAqb-85.
BHetUHHi oCmOTp H peBH3HO MeXaHHqeeKOll qacTH ped/e H ycTpOfflCTB BbIaOd/-
HfllOT B COOTBeTCTBHH C ўO6tttefi HOCTpyKttHefi no npoaepKe yCTpOItiCTB pe-
d/el.HOIl 3flIz(aTbl, Sd/eKTpOflBTOMaTHKH H BTOpltqHhiX LteHefi*, npH TOM npo-
BepflOT COCTOIHrle MOHTaXўHhiX IIpOBO/IOB, yCTaHOBKy H lgpeiid/eHHe anna-
paTypbL HatexcmaCTb KOHTflKTHhiX H KpeIleaiHhix coeHrleHHft, qbHKCaILHIO
pa3eMHhiX ad/eMeHTOB, apoH3BOAIT Kped/eHHe BHHTOB, IiIllnd/eK H raeK. I-le-
peMblqKH, yCTaHOBd/eHHhie 3aBO/IOM BHyTpH ped/e n KOMIId/eKTOB, ўoTophie
B npoLtecce KCad/yaTfllHH apHXOHTCH IlepeKd/IOqaTb B pyroe
IlepeHOCHT Ha BlelliaHe BbIBOJbI ped/e. I'lpa )TOM HeO6XO/IHMO KOHTpOd/HpO-
BaTb, qTO6bI BHHThi, IIOJ KOTOphiMH 3aBOOM 6hid/l yCTaHOBaeHhi CHHThie
epeMhiqKH, He ynHpad/HCb B TopeLt maHd/bKH H o6ecaeqHBaaH Ha/leaiHM
KOHTaKT nocoeHneHHhiX IIpOBOOB.
I'lpH peBH3HH KOMIId/elўTOB, paaBepOyB HX OTKHItbIe Ild/aThi, OCO6Oe BHVl-
MaHHe o6pattaOT Ha COCTOIHHe H HaAeKHOCTb naeK, IIpOBeplIOT pa6oTy Hpy-
)K'HHHILIIHX 3aKHMOB B poaeTKaX paaemoB BhieMHhiX 6d/OKOB, ped/e aOeTOHH-
noro H nepeMennoro ToKa CO mTeaced/bnbiri paaeiaiH.
FIpH peryaHpoKe KOHTaKTHOh CHCTeMhi
y6eKIaOTCH B TOM, qTO nepeKd/toqeHHe Iteae HapHKeHHH <<MOCTHIIHMH:$
KOHTaKTaMIi IIpOHfiXOJHT 6e3 Hx paapbma.
OahiT Haaa/lKH H aKCaayaTaLtHH /IHCTaHIHOHHblX 3aIIIHT aoKaaaa, qro
HeO6XO/IHMO co6ao/laTb onpeled/ennhie npaBHd/a apH pa6oTe c pearHpym-
IIIHMH oprallaMH CXeM CpaBHeHnH paad/Hqnoro HCIIOd/HeHIiH.
l-lo,ynpoaoOnutcoabta tiy.lb-USOutўarop. C ILed/Mo npeAoTapattteHHH Bhi-
xoAa eFo H3 CTpO nepe/t CHTHeM e IIaHed/H lqeO6XOAHMO npeAaapH-
Ted/bHO OTKd/IOqHTb leIilt OIIepaTHBHOFO TOKa, llepeMeHnoro TOKa H HalrlpHo
.>KeHHI. ,dlI ape/tOTBpameHHa IIOBpeK/IeHHH MHKpOCXeM Ha CHHTblX aaaTax
He 21onycKaeTcff ]ўacaHHe )d/eMeaTOB CXeMhi rl KOHflKTOB pa3%eMa aaaThi
pyKaMH, a TaKKe /lpyFHMH aOCTOpOHHHMH Hea3Od/Hp0BaHIhimrl npetMeraMrl,
OC06eHHO ecaH Haaatoqnhie pa6oTb npoBotHTCH B nOMemeHHli

234 Ha.aaOtca Oucramuotm, tx zauur Pa3a. 8 § 8.3 lta.aaOtca gcrpotcr u ron.aetcroo zauurt, t 235
BBIM IIoKpBITHeM noa. CHITble C HH 6JIOKH He;Ib3l noMeaTb B6aH3H TO-
Koseymx acwefi, xpaHHWb HX Ha Kopnycax peae  H3MepHweabHMX npn-
6opo, a,ex naHe,nx nposeponoro yCTpOCTBa Y5053  W. a.
Hpa HTebHOM xpaHenan naav noaynpoeoHnKOnRX HH OTebHO
OV naaean 3amaT eaecoo6pa3no 3agOp0TnTb OnTaTb nX pa3eMa Me-
y co6ofi, a uero yoHo ўOb3OBaTb MFK yeHbfi npoo. Mo-
Ho peKOMeHOSaWb npn naKe MnKpocxeM HaH pyrx eMeHWO,
ecg C3aHHblX C MpocxeMaMH, abHg OgaWb Ha HanpeHne
He bme 36 B TOabKO epe3 pa3enweasHfi WpaHcopMaWOp. 5]OHOCTb
nanabHnKa oamHa ETb He 60,Tee 60 BT npn {aMewpe cTep}Kn He 6oee
5 MM, BpfiMH KaCaHH HHbHHK BBO npH nafiKe  He 6oaee HeCKObKHX
ceKyH. B KaeCTBe TeHOOTBOHItX 3eMfiHTOB OT BbIBOOB MHKpocxeMbl
eOXOHMO HCHOb3OBTb HHHReT, HOCKOryHM <<yTKOHOCbI HH pyrofi
nOO6HMfi HcwpyMeHW.
MaeuuroaAegrpuqecgoe peAe (MP) nocwaBanmTCn c naneabm
TBI B OWebHO wpancnopwnofi ynaKoBge. Hepe ,x ycwaHonKOfi neo6xo-
nMO pacmyHWnpoab OMOWKy, BblHaHwb 3aBocKy nepeMKy Ha
soax peae 1-2. BCKpMTae MP He aonycKaewcn; ecaa OHO anWeabnO
ncnoab3yewc, ero O6MOTKa 3agopanaewc.
HpoepKa conpowBaen n3oan npnBonwcfl B Ba wana.
HpeOaapuTeabua npoaepga npOa3Boawcfl, Korea 3. KOMHeKTOB.
nywM naaws c HH a CnnW MOP, 6aoa aoo, nonpa3oBaaHe pe-
ae  T. . Hpa norowoge g npoepe enefi nOCTOnHHOVO WOa
mW nmC H MHHyC onepawasnbx enefi 3aHwM peMenHofi nepeMbgo.
Hposepnmv 3oanam Bcex aegTpecga ne cBfl3annMx enefi naneaa
 oTebno MP  nonpnnoBanHk peae, wo no3oaneT 3awb nope-
enan noaynposoaaox HH  MgP npn HapymeHn a3oanan enefi
3aHTM. He onycgaewcn nposepga 3oanan Mey OTebHMMH
BOabnMM OaMn gOMnegWOn AK, AKZ, AKB, a waKe Merely
nbM 3amMaMa naneaa no npaHany ў a   b fi c  a    M*, a
gag TO MOeT npHBeCWH  nopeemm noynpooaaosx aeMenwo,
nooB, pooB, CTa6HHTpOHOB.
ASTOHOMHan nposepKa conpownaeHnn n3oann y sRayworo 3 KOM-
n.egwa noaynposonnKosom HH He HpOH3BOHTCfl.
B CB3H C aeHnbMH MHOrOCaeHHblMH eeKTaMH MgP,
HmHMH g neOnogpawHMM owKa3aM  pa6oTe 3anwM, a  Hegowopb[x
cayanx  g aOnOMy cpa6awRBaHmo, HpOH3BORHTCH caeymmne npoep-
 MSP.
l, Hpoaepga Oocraroqnocru paccronnun eOy noOauubtu u
noOauubmU aeeurau onragruoO cuc7ebt3aMKammero KonwaKwa
peae (soa 3-4 pnc. 8.3, 6). HpoepKy npoa3Bonw Ha Mecwe yCTaHOB-
 MgP  KOMnaeKwax MeCaOMMeWpOM 500 B. a Haemaoo pa3MbIgaHH
KoHTaKTOB B O6MOWge MP Hp annofi npoBepe co3RaewcH TOpMOHO
TOg 755 MKA, an ero OW peryaapoonoro ycwpoficTBa noav Tog
B O6MOTKy wpancpeawopa TAVI (KOMHeKT AK),. TAV (oMnaev AKZ)
 pa3uamv naaay SX2  ena paSoero onvypa HCTaHOnnbX pe-
ae. 9TO ncnvanne npon3sonv TOaSKO nocae nposep orpaaenn
npeann na O6MOwge MP 3mHTHMH OaM VD1--VD2 (pac: 8.3,
6 a36eaTs nOpemen. goHeacaTopo mynwapYmmax ncporacn-
TeHMX onvypo goRTaKTOB MgP (pnc. 8.3;e} npa npnao)eHn nanpn-
meaan 500 B OT eraoMMewpa  ORaM 3-4 MOP (HOMnaaboe nanpn-
enne ovopx 2 B), neo6xonMO na gOMnaegwax KPC-1 n 3-2 pa-
OT HCTOqHHKa nOCTOInHoro TOKa HanpnmeHHe naaBHO nOlnHMaOT IO
200 B H qepe3 MnKpOaMnepMeTp 5100 MKA C o6aBoqnM orpaHHqH-
Te3bHMM pe3HCTOpOM (coHpOTHBeHHe 2--4 MOM) noAa Ha BbIBO M3P
1 H 3. p o%eMe HanpameHH gOHTpOHpyeTC nbCTeneHH Hapacva-
HHe TOKa,.ero 3aaaeHae ap HOpMabHOfi 30aaaa e omao apeBmaT
l0 MKA (pc. 8.14, a).
OT raOMMeTpa HanpameHHe 500 B qepe3 AeTeb HanpameHa, CO-
CTOfi 3 pe3HcTOpOB copoTHBaeOei 2 H 3 MOM MOHOCTb 0,25
1 BT, aoAamT Ha OA M3P 1 a 3 no cxele pac. 8.14, 6. Hanpameaae,
pome8ooe  npoBepaeMM KenaM, B TOM cyqae COCTaBaaeV 200 B,
pH HcnpaBHOfi 30H MeraOMMeTp nOKaev 5 MOM, np npo6e 30-
HH  3 MOM.
 nopH3OBaHHMX pete MeraOMMeTpOM  B npoBepT copOTBe-
ne aaoaaaa (KOpbiarHTOnpOBO) B ByX KpanHx noomeHHaX
ffKopfl. ConpoTHaeHHe HaOaHH OamHO 6Tb He HHme 1 MOM.
poBepKa conpoTneenna n3oannn BTOpHqHMX ene KOM3eKTOB A,
AKZ, AKB nponBOanTCa MeraOMMeTpOM 500 B.
ff yCKOpeHHff pa6 eaecoo6pa3Ho O6%eHHHTb TOHKHM MeHM
nponooi 6e3 nsoaa naaaK SXI, SX2, SX3 peae KZ1--KZ3  SX7
KOMnaeKTa AK eaKaaaKn SX1, SX2, SX3 peae KZ1--KZ3 OMnaeKTa
AKZ; naaaan SXI,. SX2, SX4--OMnaeKTa AKB (Tnna KPB-126) n SX3
(Tna KPB-125). Ecan conpoTBaeHne noaann O6tmeHHX ene He
MeHee 10 MOM, TO ffO3eMeHT nponepy KOMneKTOB MOHO He npo-
H3BOHTb.
poBepy cOnpOTHBeHHa H30HH OCHOBHX enefi 3aHT
TOKa, HapmeHH, oHepaBHOrO TOKa CHrHaAH3aKHH H T. .) pOH3BOT
MeraOMMeTpOM 1000 B.. ConpoaeHHe H3OaaaHH aenefi naHeaH AOamHO
6MTb He Melee 10 OM.

236 HanaOa c)ucra,auon,atx au4ur Pat. 8
Oonarenbnaa npoeepxa uonnt4uu rlpOH3BOHTCa TOd/bKO fl OCHOB-
nX uenefi npa BCTaaennbX Ha caon MeCTa naTax HH nn MP, noapa-
aonannx pete, HOabX 6OKaX MeraOMMeTpO 1000 B. ConpoTnnenne
I3OaUaa OCHOBHX ueaeii OTeabHO naneaa c OTCOeHHeHHblMH
OmH 6Tb He MeHee 10 MOM. ConpoTaSeHne H3OJIHH BTopaqHX ae-
neh KOMaaeKB aOSTOpHO He nposepnT.
flpoaepaa peae nocroaHoro roKa. 3ecb paccoTpenb OCO6eHHOCTa
nposepKn peze a uenefi HOCTOHHOFO TOKa KOMHZeKTfl 3-2 n aSyx Ba-
pHHTOB CHOHeHfl: e ncHob3oBaHneM HoynposormKOSUX H i c HC-
flOb3OSaHeM MP.
Pene oconnnoro ToKa poBepflT a COOTBeTCTBI C yqe*o peKOMeH-
aa, a3oenax B paa. 2, H AOOHnTeabnblx Tpe6oBaHH, yKa3anablx
B OKyMeHTflHH 3aBoAa-H3FOTOBHTe. HpoBepKy onepaTnnnblX ene aa-
qHHaT C 6aoKa nHTattfl UG npH CTpOEOM COeHHtt nOaapHOCTtl onepa-
anoro oaa, noaaaaeloro na axon pnna aa,oa ane3, np aoi
y6eAaca, qo (+) na aaie 39 iee npflmy aaepqecy
c (+) ue, nanna, a (--) na aamie 9 noaan qepes conpoa3eae
aonoaneabx peacopoa R3, R3".
pH H3MeHeHHH HanpfleHHfl nOCTOflHHOrO TOKfl B npeAeaax oT 0,8
Uno Ao 1,1 Uno aanpnmee na BxoAe UG (3aHM 73, 77, 79)
mHO COCTaBaaTb 15 B10 % OTHOCHTeabHO 0 npn yCTaHOaaennx B KOM-
aeKTe 6OKOB Hyb-HHHKaTOpOB. CoraacHo cxeMe pHc. 8.4 BMBeeHM;
(+)--ha aami 79, (--)--a aami 78, 0--ha aau 77;
U79.77 = 30 B10 %. Konpo3b u craaauaau naHqHfl uanpneuua aa
BuxoAe 6OKa nHTaHHa ocyecTaaflDTca nOaflpH3OaaHHMM pete KL8,
qeHHMM e O6aBOqHMM pe3HcTOpOM Ha noaHoe HanpfleHHe 30 B. TOK cpa-
6aaafl peae ycaaaBaaa 1,7--1,9 uA, oaea BoaBpaa
ue ueee 0,45. Hanpamene na O6UOKax pancopiaopa T Ao3o
caBanb: Ugh--o 58 Ao 78 B; U  o 10,4 Ao 14,3 B;
14,5 o 19 B.
3aofinB npoBepy 63oa nana UG, npoBepa pa60ocnoco6-
HOCTb yCTaHOBaeHHMX B peae copOTHBaeHHfl KZ 6aOKOB Hyab-HHAHKaTO-
poa. Ha aaoa 6 naaaan SX8 amnoro peae na KZ1--KZ3 3o
pea peacop a MT-0,5 conponaaenneu 2 Oi nona
+15 B c samua 79  aonpoapy cpa6auaane cn6aeaboro
ae K.
Hp npeABapbo npoBepe pe K peryapy a, qo6u ono
cpa6auaa3o np noAaqe nanpamea ue 6oaee 13--14 B nenocpeAcae 
HO Ha O6MOTKy OTKaqeHHOFO peae.
Hanpamee iemAy onpoauun TOqKaMH X.Ia n X2.19, .e
npamenne Ha O6MOTKe peae K, npH nanqHn cnrHaaa Ha BMBoe 6. aoamno
6u a npenax 25--28 B, np ocyca cruaaa 0--3 B.
HanpameHHa Ha ApyrHx KOHTpObHMX Toqax naTM HH,'
He .OTHOCHTbHO 3amHMa 77-0, AOXmHM COOTBeTCTBOBaTb AaHHMM
8.2. KaK npaBHaO, HanpflmeHHe KOHTpObHMX ToqeK naMepflDT TOabKO
onpeeaeHHH HencnpaaHX eHTOB H.
HopM Hanpa}KeHHa cpa6aTBanna BCeX peae nOCTOaHHOrO
npHaeAeHHMe B Ta6a. 8.3, COOTBeTCTByDT 3aBOCKHM npH noAaqe Hanp.
meHHa HenocpeACTBeHHO Ha OMOTKy npoBepeMoro peze. HpH HpOH3BOA-:
CTBe HaaaoqHMX pa6oT peoMeHAyeTca npoBepaTb peae B nOaHOh
C yqeTOM OaBOqHMX pe3HCTOpOB. H HOCXeOBaTebHO BKaqeHHMX TOKO
BMX OOMOTOK npoMemOqHMX H yKaaaTeabHX peae. n CBa3n c 3THM
8.3 Ha.aOa yCrpo(lcr8 U o,n,eroe 3attUTbt 237
T a 6z a u a 8.2. Hanpameuna Koarpoaax roe ay-aaanaaropoa
KOITpOnpyeMMe rlpH OTCyTCTBHH cHrnaa l'IpH lta.rlHqaH cHrnaa
Tough HH aa BBOe 6 nagag SX3 aa Baoe 6 naa
SX3
X2.21
X2.20
(0,5+0,65)
--(13+15,5)
-- (0,5+0,65)
+(11,5+14)
npoBepKax napaMeTpb cpa6aTblBaHa peae MOryT CylIIeCTBeHHO OT.qHqaTb-
C/ OT 3aBOCKaX, HO OHH He OMHBI HpeBmaTb 0,7 Uao. HanpenHe
cpa6aTMBaHHa peae B noaoo CXeMe c yqeTOM TOrO onycKaeTc He 6o,aee
0,65--0,7 Uo.
Bpeua aoaapaa pe3e KLI   npee3ax 0,1--0,14 c, pe3e KL6--a npe-
ae3ax 0,3--0,45 c.
Ta6znua 8.3.
O6o3aaqeHae peJm
Ho cxeMe
Harlpamerme c'pa"
6aTblBai-iaa, B, ae
6oee . . . .
BpeMa cpa6aTMBa-
Haft npa Uao=
onepaTaBHOrO TO-
Ka, Me, paMepHO
TexuaecKae aaaaue peae nocroanaoro roxa
KL1 KL2 KL3 KL4 KL5 KL6 KL7
0,65 0,65 0,65 22 0,65 0,65 66
Uao Uao Uao UHo Uao
-- 45 50 25 45 60 --

HanaOa Oucramuonnotx au4ur Paal. 8 . 8.3 HanaOa ycrpoacr8 u onnneroe au4urbt 239
Hatlpsxeana Aoaaa 6blVb 84--114 B. Hpn OTKOHeHnH Ue OT yKaaaaaofi
nOpMbI n3MepT aanpmeHne aa KaOM cTa6nanTpoHe (oao
23--38 B), npoaepaT COOTBeTCTBne napaMeTpoa n ncnpaaaocTb peancTo-
pa R. Bo na6eaane noapeeHna peze c Uao,=ll0 B n cTa6nanTpOHQa
VI, V2, V3 eaecoo6paaao npn npoaepax noaaTb Hanpaeane aa xo
naHean, a Ha O6UOTy npoepaeuoro peze noAaaTb cTa6nananpoaHHoe
aanpeHne BpeMeHHO nepeMbnKO c BbIaOa 39
npoBepKax peKOMeHyeTCfl n Konvpfl HanpmeHnfl Ha O6MDTKe pete
nObaOBaTbC HOMMO cpOeHHOr npn6opa yCTpOhCTBa Y5053
TebHblM BO.TbTMeTpOM.
Bzo nnTaUa OMnZeTa AKZ, ycTauozeHab  KOnzeTe K310,
n nyzb-man7opu peze KZI--KZ3 npoaepaT no aHazornqHOfi UeTO-
nKe.
poaepKa 6doKupoaonx ycrpOCTS aau npOH3BOHTC
aaapnnbx peno npn noaaHo oneparnaao roe.
1..Bnoupoa npu raanuax ra KPB-126. Hpoaepy naCTpOKU
nzbrpa rosa o6paTHO noczeoaarezaocrn OTOH npoaaaoaar npn a-
BHHX TOpMOeHHH H HOHHTKe HO  I0, fl qeFo HepeMblqKflMH BblBO-
aar na pa6oT rpaHcopuaropb TAI n TA4 (cu. pnc. 8.10). Hooqepeno
noaaaa TO  aab AB, BC, CA, AO, BO n CO,
np oropbx cpa6aTbmaeT peze KP. Hpn npoaepe HeO6XOnMO
a npnTHyOM nozoeHnn flKopb peze K3 za ncKqenn yarnpyme-
ro aZnaHaa peaacropa R12. Han6ozbee onycaeuoe pacXoenne
a peayzbaTan naepeHn npn ayxaaHX n OHOaaax roax cpar
6arbmaHnn--He 6ozee 3,5 %. pyroh pnrepnh npaanzbno aacrpo
OTOH--amnozneHne crnoeaaa Mey roau ca6aaann.a, Koo-
poe ozao 6bTb
IcpAO/IcpAB  1,73  0,06.
B czyqae HeanoZHeHna TnX yczoan nponaaoar naerpoy OTOH:
za 9Toro nponepnT abmoaHeune OCaOaHbX COOTnOennfi
nzTpa  peryznpyeofi ero qCTn:
XC2
Hpn npoaepe CHnUaT nepeuqn. 9-81, 3835
nn nepezqeHna ycraBo no 1 Ha Tpaacopuarope T. Ha
a o6enHeaHbm apeueaHoh nepeuqo aanu 31-39 noar aanps-,
eHne 100 B. HaMepename aObrMeTpOM C abmoKnu Bxonmu conporm
eHneM aanpaeaaa no OTebHmM aeMeHTaM nbTpa oznm oTaeqa
Um+Rs = Uc3= 50  0,5 B; .
Uc2= URO+R0= 86,5  0,5 B.
Paenezeane nanpaeaah peryznpyr nepeueaaun peaacropa
B naeax nZbTpa R7 n RIO, a3anMn Baaanne nae pyr Ha apyra
peryaupoe oyrcTayeT. En pyzsTaTm nOBTOpnOh npoaepKn Hacrpo 
KH TOH aaaaTefl eyoaeTaOpHTebHbMH, npoaep oaR.
enr Tpaac@opMaunn TA2, TA3 n npaBnaaOCTS aeHnz
opnOCT.
HacTpOIKy pa6oqefi yCTaBKH IIpOH3BOAIT npH IIOAaHHOM OriepaTHBHOM
TOK, qTO riO3BOdIleT qeTKO dpHKCHpOBaTb cpa6aTbIBaHHe pedle ](/9 rio BOa-
BpaTy peae K1 H K2. Ha peae rloAaoT TOK IAB H H3MepIIOT riepBrlqHbfl TOK
cpa6aTbmaHH pete ](P HpH riO]I,TIHyTOM aKope pete ](4,3 rl TOK
nplrl OTriylieHHOM aKope ](3. I]pH 3THX 143MepeHHlIX M1rldIIlaMriepMeTp B pac-
CeqKy HaKdlaKH SX4 BKdIIOqaTb He CdleyeT, qTO6bl He BJIHITb }la yCTaBKy
cpa6aTblBaHHa
]cpAB
OTYlHqH@ riOJqyq@HHOFO 3HaqeHHI 12c p OT 3aaHHOfi yCTaBKH )O)KHO
6blTb He 6oaee 5 %, KOgHHeHT BOaBpaTa, rl3MepeHHbll B riOqHOl?l cxeMe,
tOaKeH 6b*Tb paBeH 0,7--0,9. lqp. Heo6xOAHMOCTrl yCTaBKa perynHpyeTcs
rI3MeHeHHeM ToKa cpa6aTblBaHrlS HOJIIpH3OBaHHOFO pene KP. I]poBepKy
gapaMeTpOB peae ](P IIpO1rl3BOjISIT Ha MecTe yCTaHOBKH B KOMriJIeKTe, MHJI-
aHaMrlepMeTp BKIIOqaIOT B pacceqKy HaIJIaKH SX4.
YIpOBepseTCg, qTO6bl -Kp
tcp=2,4+2,6 MA, a KOgqbdIIIILHeHT BosBpava
k 6 He MeHee 0,4.
l-[pn TOKe, HOIBeAeHHOM TOJIbKO K TA4, HpOBepOT cpa6aTbmaHHe KP
rio TOKy 3 ]o, OHyCTHMOe OTaI4qHe OT yCTaBKrl 15 %.
FIpoBepKa KOgdpdprlII4eHTa TOpMOXierlH:I HpOH3BOI4TCt Ha pa6otlrlx yC-
TaBKaX riO kr H HO 12 HpH OTKdIIOqeHao HOriHTKe HO 3 10. lKOpb pete ](3
3aKdIHHHBalOT B HOATHyTOM HOdIOI, KeHHH, HepBHHym O6MOTKy TpaHcqbop-
MaTopa TOpMOTKeHH TAt OTKdIIOqaOT OT CXeMbl--ClrlI4MaOT HepeMblqKy
6-8. OT OAHOrO npoepoaoro yCTpOflCTBa Ha 3a1rlMbl 4-8 TA1 HolaOT
TOpMO3HO. TOK I,= (2+4) I,o, OT Apyroro--TOK ISC Ha aXOI OTOH.
[Ipu HpoepKe HsMepSOT TOK cpa6aTuBaHns 6aOKlpOaKH l.p Hpn HoIaH-
1rlOM TOpMO3HOM TOKe !4 IIO HoJIyqeHHblM )IaHHblM HOICII4TbIBaIOT
k----- l.cp--lcp 100.
OTK/IOHeHI4e HOJIyqeHHOFO 3HaqeHH.q k OT pacqeTHOFO, oHpeeaaeMoPo
no qbopiye, %
kr.pac q --- kT.ycr Yyc'r ,
12yc
,OZXHO 5W He 5ozee l0 %.
Flpoepy peze HOCTOHnOrO rOKa KI, K2, K3, KT HpoI43BOtT B HO,-
rofi CXeMe c yqeTOM OCO6eHHOeTeI I4X BK.rlIOqeHI4I I4 ripOBepIIOT aornKy
6OWb Bcex ttene.
I-[yCKOBOi qbnabrp 6dIOKrlpOaKrl THna KPB-125 aHaaoraqerl qbnabrpy-
peae PHO-I, HOTOMy 6!oO naaaztKa HpOBOAI4TCI C yq.eTOM peKOMeHAattH,
".3aoKeriHmX B paa. 6. PeKoMeriaHrl HO HpOBepKe HycKa 6OKrlpOaKrl
eaM 31o, no perynnpoaKe HOalpH3oBannoro pene KP, no HepeKa}OqenH-
IM B enax IIOCTOSHHOFO TOKa HO/IHOCTbIO COOTBeTCTBylOT HpHBeAeHHi,IM
F, PB-126.
2. YCTpOaCTeO 6,onupoenu npu neucnpasnocTnx v, etea nanpncenua.
IJpoBepKy HaqI4HaIOT C HaCTpOKH 6JIOKHpOBKI4 Ha MHHHMyM He6a/IaHca HpH
OaHOqbaaHOi nnTannn (pnc. 8.15). lqpn aTOf npoaepKe OTKamqamT myH-

240 Hanadt+a ducram+uonnx av4ur Paa.. 8
+h
Tpyme uenH ][HCTaHIIHOHHblX opraHoB KOMIIJIeKTa [3-2, KPC-I H py-
rHx pete 3aII[HTbL ECIH B 3aIl[HTe 14C/IOIb3yeTc 6IOKHpOBKa AKB TH/Ia
KPB-126, TO aa TOrO ][OCTaTOqHO BblTalIHTb KpbIIiIKy HClIbITaTeIbHbIX
6JIOKOB XA5, XA2 n pa3OMKHyTb KOHTaKTItble paa%eMt XI, qepe3 KOTOpble
Kenn HanpaKenHa 3aBeAenbi Ha ]I, HCTaHKHOHHblX peze KZI--KZ3 KOMFI-
eKTa 3-2. FIpH nCnOZOBaHHH 6ZOKHpOSKH THna KBP-125 OnOZHHTeZ-
HO OTKdlqaT HemHne MOHTaKHble npooha c 3amHMOB 42. 44. 46 KOi-
neKTa 3-2.
06MOTKH, BKJIqennbIe Ha qba3nbe na/IptKennfl, CoenHflW napa-
100
JIebHO n Ha H!4X noaw napKene U= -- =14,5 B. Ha O6MOTKy
w3 (CM. pnc. 8.8), BKoOqennylo B IeFIH 3 U0, rloAaow HarIpameHne 100 B
B npOTHBOqbaae C Hanpmel{neM, nOABeAeHHbIM K qba3HblM OMOTKaM. Pealt-
I___..I LL_
Pnc. 8.15. CxeMa nacTpOfiKn 6aOKnpOaKn npn HencnpaBnOCTaX uenefi ha-
§ 8.4 Hanadxa Oucrauquouuotx pene conporueeuua 241
8.4. HaJajtKa B, HCTaHllHOHHblX peJe conpormBJeHH
PacqeT BTOpHqHblX Zcp pete corIpOTHBdleHHa KZ FIpOH3BOAHTCg nO
yae
Zcp.n Kt
Zcp -- ,
r;ie Zcp --nepBHqHOe COIIpOTHBleHHe cpaSaTbIBaHH 3alIHTb (3aAaeTc
 yCTaBKaX); /l--KOgqbdHILHenw TpancqbopMaK!.I!.I WpaHcqbopMawOpoB TOKa;
I(u--KoaqbqbHHeHT TpaHCqbopiaHH TpaHcqbopMaTOpOB HanpameHm
Pac.eT yCTaBKH, noaome., nepeKa.aTeaa $I. $2 Ha naaTe TpatIC-
opMaTopa HanlgmeHH TVI. °/0, npoHaBOAHTCm + I H II aOH nO +op-
Myae
N = -"Zepmn 100,
Zcp
re N--npotteHTHoe ornomeHHe BK+rlIOqeHHblX BTOpHqHblX BHTKOB TVI K o6-
meMy q.cy; nepeK+oaTem $I rl $2 Ha nzaTe yCTaHaBHBa+OTea B
meHHa, rip. mOTOpmX eyMa unqbp Ha nepeKzmaTezax pasHa pacmeTHOMy
3HameHH. N, %, maH 6ZHKaftmeMy MeHbmeMy; Zep rain- MHHmMabHOe
cor/pOTHBJeHHe epa6aTmBaHma npm Bcex BHTKaX, BblCTaBJenHblX Ha TV1
(N= 100 %).
PeryaHpoBKa conpoTHBaeHna cpa6aTBaHHa B ueIaX Hanpa>KeHHa
o6ecneqHBaeT Z, BaIttaTnKpaTHoe yBeanqeHHe npHBoZ, HMX 3Ha.eHHfi C O3-
OXiHOCT naaBnoro HaMeneHHa nX BO BCeM Hana3oHe.
aa KOMnaeKTa 3-2 Zў,.=0,25; 0,5; 10M (1,25; 2,5; 50M);
aa KOMnaeKTa KPC-I Z,.t.=l; 1,50M (5; 7,50M).
B CKo6Kax yKa3altbl 3rlaqeHnt 21,,rlt KOMnJIeKTOB C lao,,= 1 A. 3rlaqeHrle
Zepmn nCTaHRnOHHBIX peze KOMndleKTOB 3-2 n KPC-1 3aBncrlT OT Bbl60-
pa ornafi'n TpaHcqbopMaTOpa TAV. Ba6op OTnafiKH TpaHcqbopiaTopa
n3BO]I, HT HCXO]I,I n3 caeymHx coo6paxceHnfi: !qpH MadlblX TOKaX K3, Korea
neo6xonMO nOBbtCnTb qyBCTBnTeZbHOCTb 3amnTm-- yMeHbmHT TOK
TOqHOfi pa6oTa, ma6npaT 6ozbmy OTnafiKy Ha TpancqbopMaTOpe; npH
TOKaX K3,. HaqIITe.rlbHO npeBamamHx TOK TOqHOI pa6OTbl, AdII yieHb-
meHHI 'Harpy3KH Ha vpaHcqbopMaTOpm TOK Bm6HpaK)T HanMeHbmyK) OT-
nafiKy.
l-]pn npoBepKe .nCTaHttnOHHbX 3aLLtnT n nogeeHnH K peIe TOK H Ha-
paKeHHt Ha. yrlOM MaKCnMaIhHOfi qyBeTBI4TeJIbHOCTH conpoTHB3eHHe
cpa6aTaBannn, OM Ha qbaay, paccqHTBaeTca no qbopiyze
Zcp =
3aBo: manycKaeT aamHTm c .ancTaHnmotamH pe.ae, aacTpoeHHmmn Ha
p..=65 °. Ecn Heo6x0.nmo yCTaHOBnT q..=80 °, TO c.nenyeT nepecTa-
BnT Hmc.aa.acm SX4, SX+, SX6 KOmneKTa ,3-2, SX+, SX6. SX7 KOmn+eK+
Ta KPC'I + COOTBeTCTnymmee no.o>KeHHe. FIp. Ha.aa.aonHmx a6oTax
OHOKpaTlO nblffBdldlnCb 3alllnTbl, y KOTOpb[x qM.U BMeCTO 65 paBHfl/'InCb
55--58 °, aTO 6.aO naao TeM, qTO peancTop R9 n R11 HMe.nH conpo-
THa.rleHne 3,6 KOM BMeCTO 3,9 KOM. 3aMeHaWb yCTaHOB.rleHHbe pe3HCTOpb
THna C2-29 B Ha pe3acTopbl THna MJ'IT COOTBeTCTBylOLKero COnpOTnBIeHnI
nCXOXa H3 Tpe6oBaHH cTa6HIbHOCTn qo. He peKOMeHAyeTCL
16--131

242 H a.aaOa Oucrantuonn,tx 3augur Pa3A, 8 § 8.4 H a.naOca OucranuonnbtX pe,ze conporu.eua 243
 fISH 220 B HMeTb 3altIHTy C TaKHM yrJIOM MaKCHMaIbHOI qyBCTo
BHTeJIbHOCTH Kpafiae HeeJIaTeJIbHO, !qOgTOMy MOIKHO peKOMeHOBaTb no-
cJIeOBaTeJIbHO C 3aBOCKHM pe3HCTOpOM rlpHriaITb orIoJIHHTeJIbHbI pe3!4c-
Top THria MfiT COrlpOTHBJIeHHeM 0,3--0,7 KOM; TaK KaK Cor/pOTHBJIeHHe
!qOJIHHTeJIbHOFO pe3rlcTopa HeBeJIHKO rio cpaBHeHrlIO C 3aBOCKHM,
HOCTb ,., 6yeT 05ecneqeHa.
I<aK rioKa3aJI OribT HaJaKrl, rlpOBepKy .rlCTaHIlrlOHHbIX opraHOB, IMe-
IOltlrlx KOHTyp FIO]flrlTKrl, CJIeyeT rlporl3BOIrlTb rlprl rioBe)leHH!4 K 3altlrlTe
• pex qba3 aenefi Har/pleHrlI c HyJIeM. I-[poBepKa pete KZ KOMrIJIeKTa
J3-2, KPC-1 rl aHaJiorrlqrlbX 6e3 rloaqrl Harlplerlrll rla KOrlTyp !rlo!rlHTKrl
Pnc. 8.16. CxeMa no,a,KO-
qeI414t K rlcnuTareaurloy
yCTpOCTy ўFI3-2 Z, OrlOa-
ltl, ITedl bH blX . pe3rlCTOpOB,
COerlrleHrlbiX B 3Be3y,
 npoBepOK a.esTpne-
CKnX xapasTepnCTK KZ
aHrlKaTOpa. I-[poBepKy ,arlo,a VD7 nporlaBOflT rlprl pa3OMKHyTO[ HaKJIa-
re SX1 B IlerlI4 TOpMO3rlOrO KOrlTypa, riprl rlaeperlrlrl a abmo a- Ha-
KJIaIgI4 SX3 rlOgJ]IOqaIOT rLioc BOo2bTMeTpa. I-IpoBepKy rlola VD r/poI4:;-
EOD.T pn pa3OMKrlyTOl?l rlai(Jla)Ke SX2 B Ierlrl pa6oqero KOHTypa, rip!!
rt3MepenI4lx rla BblBO.bl a-8 naKJIa)]Krl SX3 riOKJIIOqalow MHHyC BOJIbTM{T-
pa. 143Mepelnble narlpKerlrl Aoan 5Wb He 6ooee 2,5 B, o6uo
.pcBepax rloJlyqarow 0,7--1 B; rlprl narlp;enrlrl Ha Aoae 5oaee 2,5
cro neoSxo)rlMO 3aMenrlTb.
EC,rl B 3arlwe rlcro,lb3yewct oayriposoAnrlIўOBb HH, TO npoBet)Ka
TOKa ua xoAe cxeMa cpaBrlerln np cpa6awbsaHnrl rl Bo3paTe 2,CTa-
,'orloro oprana rio 3aBo)]CKrlM Wpe6oBanrlflM He BaeTC OS3aTeJIbHOfL
Te, e enee, npoBeprlB 3alIIrlwnb!e AHOAbI, !qO anaJIOrHH C npoBepKof
Eo2[atOT nooepeHO TOKrl ]ab ]bc, 1ca rl rlprl pa3OMKHyTOI HaKJIa2[Ke TOp-
MO3rlOrO Orlwypa rl3Mepav TOK cpa6avaaHrlZ rl o3pava pearrlpyagmero
oprana HkI. TOK cpaSaTbmanna MP lOJlen rlaxo]lrlWbCn B npeezax
6--12 MKA. I<orlvpO,rlb COCVOlnrll KOITaKTOB peze K nzrl MP peKoMen2y-
eWC ocytuecTuar no neonoBo aMne nanezn Y5053, nobaoarca
nKann KonwaKwoa MDP npo6nnan c aMnoaMn naKariaannfl 3a-
npemaewc.
3ecb } n abnefimeu npn npoaepKe n aacvpoe oHero na ncwan-
UnOHnX pete KZ KOMeKTOB KPC-I  3-2 naaKn SX3 acex ocwab-
nbIX peze ozncnu 6VS paaoMKuyw. 3aao-naroTosnTeb rapaHwnpye
no3apaT MP  ncxonoe noogenae npn 3MeHeH nanpaenna woKa
B OSMOTK Ha TOpMO3nOe: nOaTOMy npa caavnn C peze Maux MOMeHTOB
BD3MOHO 3aanaHae OHTaKTOa MP. B DTOM cyqae neo6xonMO y6e-
HTbC, WO npn noaanenna  peze MgP WOpMO3noro Ta peze pa3MKa-
ew goTaKwbl, .fl avoro ceyew 3aMKHyTb naKaKy B uenn vopMo3oro
(Onwypa. Hpn yCTaBKaX TAVI 1-1 (5-5), a npanzo,  3anve  cpa-
5avaaana npn paaouHyvofi uazaKe SXI czeyev noecvu WOK 0,5
0,8 A (0,1--035 A).
Hacofiy cxeu cpanenna eyev naqunaT c npeBapuTbofi
nacTpofin panx ycTao nO ceM aonaM npa u. a a peaM pa-
6OWb CXeMM cpaBnenna cyecTaenno 3aancnT OT napauer, onpeezeMx
caeHnUMn oTnafiKaMu, TAVI, TVI n conporaeaaflMn peaacvopo
R24 za KZ rounzera KPC-1  R28, R29 z I n II aOH KZ
wa 3-2. Hpa acraaeHnx pacqevnux ovnafiKax Ha TAVI n TVI acnpy-
T nooenue R24, R28, R29. na paSoeh ycvaae; a npaanzo,
OKOnqaTebHOh npope yCTaSKn nx nooenne MenaeTca ne3naqnTebno
 ne HOCnr cymecraennmx n3Menennfi  pen pa6ovu CxeMb cpaenaa.
vo noaBofle nOaTOpHO noe CHflTfl yFOBMX xapaKTnCnK n yvoqHe-
HH ycTaBKn ne npopflTb TOK cMemenna  cxeue cpanenn. pn
cwpoKe yCTaaOK I 3OHM neo6xonMO peze nepenmqenna aon KLI oM-
eKwa 3-2 3aKnTb B HOTHyTOM Hooe, fl nepeRmq,e
yCraBKy II aonu aops pete KLI nSxonMO ovnycrnws.
Hpeapveuym acvpogy ycvaB peze KZ ounzegTa KPC-I
O6XOMO HpON3OTb flp aanno ycvaae no e, n eczn CHO3yeTCfl
cMemeage TO np eennou  III KaapaT
Hacwpofia cxeM cpanenna peze KOMeKTa KPC-1 (CM. pnc. 8.12)
HaqnHaeTcfl c npn cauoxoa. OHTpOb Haq pMoanoro TOKa
B ena ucnonbuoro opraa cxeMm-cpaauenafl ( pacceKe
SX3) npOa3BOTCfl npz 3aKopoqemx eflx nanpzgennfl na axoae na-
e 3anTbL 3aopaqnaavs 6na nanpflennfl Ha convnBhennfl,
16"

244 Ha.aaOca OUCl"auIUOUUblX 3av4ur Pa3A.  § 8.4 HaaaOKa OUCTaII4UOII-lbtX peae conpoTueenun 245
pymLttHe CoFIpOTHBJIeHHff Ka6eet, nepexoIHbX KOHTaKTOB H O6MOTOK TV,
e ce&yev, TaK KK 3TO He BaeT Eft peM pa6OT CXeMM cpaBHeHna.
p 3aKOpOqeHblX enax Hanpae  HOMHHflbHOM ToKe qepe3 nocae-
OBaTebso coe&eobm O6MOTKH TpacpeaKTopa, T.e. np CTBeTCTBy-
mHx TOKaX lab, Ibc, Ica, TOpMO3HO TOK B pacceqKe SX3 oeH 6blTb yCTa-
HOB3eH B npeeaax 8--15 MKA. EC3H MHHHMa3bHbIe TOKH Byxa3Horo
Tpexa3HOrO 3 <<3a CHHHO>> MeHbme HOMHHabHOFO TOKa, TO CXeMy cpaB-
]tenHa nacwpaHBaW flpH TOKe 3. TOK CMeenHa peryanpyw np BCTaB
aeHno ycwaKe nO e, HO p BBeeHHOM CMeeH xapagvepcvK  III
KBapanv (naK3aKa SXI B HO30eHH 6-e) pe3cvopoM RI3, BpaBH-
BaHM coHpoTHB3eHHe pa6oqeFo H TOpMO3HOFO KOHTypOB CXeMM cpaBHe
HHa. ECH HacTpoKa TOKa CMeeHHa HpOH3BOHTCa npH Io, TO, KaK
 np npoBepKe CaMOXOOB OT TOKOB K3, TOKH cieeHa O3H 6blTb He
eee TOpMO3X (8--15 MKA). Hpn peryapoKe pe3CTOpOM R13 cxeR
cpaBeHa Ha TOpMO3HO TOK 815 MKA  nocaeyeM BKqeHHR
 TOpMOanO KOHTyp pe3ncTopa RI4 3aBOOM-3rOTOSnTeM rapaTnpy-
eTca cemene xapaKTepCTKn peae
• aBKH. Ec Tpe6yevca yCTaHOBHTb MeHbmee CMeeHe, Bcero 13 °/0, TO
e MOHO nO3yqHTb 3aMeHO pe3ncTopa RI4 pe3cTopoM C ienbmn CO-
npOTBaeHeM  perypOBKOfi CXeM cpaBHeHfl C HapymeeM 3aBOA-
CKX peKOMeHAafi. HanpMep,
MaKCnMaab pa6oqH TOK, TO BpH BK3qeHHH pe3ncTopa RI4 cMeeHe
6yeT MeHbme 6--12 %; aHaOrBqHM pe3y3bTaT MOmHO BoyqHTb, ecH
penaTb BMBO Ha BTOpqHO O6MOTKe TpaHcpeaKTopa TAV B en pa6o
e KOBTypa C OTHaKB A Ha oTnaKy  (Ha npnnnaabo CXeMe pete
pc. 8.12 A nMeeT o3aeHne 2, K-3). HapymeHe 3aOACKX peRole*
aHfi KaH6pOBKH CXeM cpaBHeH  oyqeH Max CMeeH"
B 3TOM cyqae BriocHe oHyCTHMO.
eTOAHKa-HaCTpOKH CXeM cpaBHeHHa KZ KOMHeKTa 3- B OCHOB-
HOM HaOFHqHa paCCMOTpeHHOfi
H cyecTBeHHe OCOeHHOCTH, CB3aHHMe C npoBepKo KOHTypa HOAHHTKH
OT TpeTbe-a3M H C 3MOHOCTb nepeK3DqeHH BTopHqHMx O6MOTOK
TV1 no nym 3oHam (CM. pHC. 8.7).
oce npeABapHTe3bHOfi npoBepK poqHx yCTaBOK HO I  II 3oaM
cЈeAyeT npoBepH HacTpofiKy KOHTypa HOHHTKH. HacTpofiKa CXeMM cpaB-
HeHHH OT KOHTypa HOAHHTKH HpOH3BOHTCH Ha yCTaBKaX I soH. K KOHTyy
noAn XaHHOFO peae HOBOaT Hanpaxee 58 B, p TOM OCHOBHMe
en HanpmeHa TOrO peae oaHm 6Tb 3aKopoqeH. TaK, npH
BepKe peae, BK3mqeHHOrO Ha TOK H
KOpOTHTb Ha BXOHMX 3amHMaX 3aHT ўa3
anpaxeHe Uc0=58 B. B STOM pexie pe3cTopom RI3 eoSxoio yC-
TaHOBHTb B pacceqKe HaKaAKH SX3 TOpMO3iiOfi TOK 010 MKA. OT
cTpofiKH KOHTypa HOHHTKH 3aBHCHT BpeMa cpa6aTBaHHa 3aHTM
MHTH np 6Ј3KHX TpexaaHmx K3: qeM 6oabme VOpMOaHOfi TOK, TeM
MeAeHee pa6oTaeT peae. OSTOMy, He AonycKaa HOBeHHH B HCHOHH-
TeabHX optaHax CXeM cpaBHeHH pa6oqeFo ToKa OT KOHTypa HOHHTKH,
C3yeT CTpeMHTbC oTperyHpOBaTb B BTOM peHMe MHHHMabH Top*.
MOHO TOK.
PeryaHpoBKy caioxoa OT TOKa acTaHOHHmX pete KZ KOinaegT)
3-2 nnoaaT aaaorqo, KaK H
B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT yTaBKH
npH caeAyx TOKaX
HoMHHaabnlfi TOg 1 ...... A 5 5 5 1 1 1
YCTaHKa Ha TpaHcpeaKTO-
pe TAV1 ..... 0,25 0,5 1,0 1,25 2,5 5,0
TOK npoBep( CaMOXO-
a, A ...... 20 I0 5 4 2 1
l-[pH IIpoBepKe KOMrLeKTa 3-2 6oaee BepOaTHO, qTO TOK Tpexqbatoro
t(3 Ha IMHIIax MOXeT OKa3awbct MetlbLLle pacqewnoro WOKa poHeplH cao-
xo,a. B TOM cyuae nacwpofiKy CXeMB1 cpaBHeHa nposBOAaW o63aTeab-
I0 HO TOKy 3. Tpe6oBasna K HaCTpOfiKe nO TOKy Te e, qTO H Hp'npo-
BepKe KZ KOinaeKTa KPC-1, 8--15 MKA Ha Topiomene pH 3aKopOqeH-
rX Renax oanpameorla, peryapoBaoe ocyecTBerc pe3acTOpOM RI3.
PeSnCTOpOi RI3 peryapyT TOK B cxele CpaBoeoa  OT oanpameHa
HoHHH, HOT CaMOXOa O TOKy, BO3TOMy Heo6xo&HMO HTH H yCTaHO-
BHTb eFo B noaoeae, KorAa BHOHTC Tpe6OBaHHa o6eHx poBepOK.
ECH He yRaeTca HacTpOHTb CxeMy cpaBHeHa Ha 3aRaHHMe apaMeTpM, He-
O6XOHMO OOaHHTeabHO poBepHTb HaCTpOKy KOHTypa UOHTKH, TpaHc-
peaKTopm TA VI, TA V2  TpancўopiaTp anpaeHa TVI.
Hp noReAen K KOTypy nORnTK aanpaeHa 58 B 9C STO-
paX O6mOTO TAV2 Roaxm paSHaTCa 600,15 B  pasanaaTCa Me-
ay CO6Ofi He 6oaee qeM Ha 0,2 B. BeTop 9C oaea OTCTaSaTS OT a-
npeHa HOHHTKH H y 0 °.Bce T 3MepeHa MOO BMHOHHTb
np6opoM BAў-85, ni xe iOXaO 3MepTb yroa ie&y TOKOM n Ha-
npaeHeM OAHTKH  OH oaeH paBHaTbCa Hy. B cayqae 3aTpyRHe-
Hfi C nORKamenneM BA-85 K TpexCa3aofi CCTeMe anpaenfi KOHryp
nOAnTH npoBepaT, n3iepaa HanpaeHe Ha aeleTax Konypa-- KOH-
AeHcaTopa C6  nepofi O6MOTKe TpaacpeaKTopa TA V2.
p pe3oHanCHO HacTpOKe a qaCTOTy 50 F Hanpaea Ha KOH-
AecaTope C6  nepno O6MOTKe TAV2 Roa 6mTb pas MeAy
co6ofi .H .ioryT AOCTHraTb npmepo 300 B npn Hanpae
58 B. H3mepeHn Heo6xo&HMO BpO3BO&HTb eKTpOHHMM BObTMeTpoM
C 6oabmaM ByTpeHHM conpOTBeHeM; ec HanpameHa Ha eleHTaX
Koypa 6oame 300 B, aa KOnTyp HOHTKH noAaT Memee aapaeHe,
Hanpmep 455 B. Peryaposy nacTpofi KOTypa ocymecTT 3Me-
HeOHei 3a3opa (HHRyKTHBHOrO copOTHBeSHa) TAV2
KOETH KOHAeHCaTOpa C6. 3-3a orpaqeHmX ra6apToB pete BO3MOHO
TObKO yBeqee eMKOCTH, KOFa KOHecaTop eiKOCTb 0,010,05 MK,
pacCqHTaH Ha pa6oTy B Renx nepeMeHoro TOK HanpaeeM He
He 0 B, naBaeTca napaebHO yCTaHOBeaHomy. ECH Heo6xo-
HMO BMpBHHTb HanpameaHfl Ha 9eMeHTaX, KOPAa HanpflmeHHe Ha KOH-
eHCaTope BMe, TO caeAyeT yBeattqHTb eMKOCTb H60 yMeHbmHTb BO3-
ymHbfi 3asop cepAeqHKa TAV2. Ecan Bme aanpaeHne Ha O6MOTKe
TA V2, TO caeAyer yBeHqHTb BO3RymRfi 3a30p B MaFHHTOHpOBOe H60 3a-
MeHHTb KOHReHCaTOp Ha Apyrofi MeHbme eMKOETH, noRo6paB ero TOrO e
THa, CXOX 3 ycoBfi onyCTMOrO pa36poca  10 %.
OHTyp HOHHTKH poBepRT, eHRB peae e KOMUeKT H HOKqHB eFO
K naHez 3amT qepe3 yRHHTeb, qTO6m OTKqHTb Harpy3Ky CO BTO-
pHqHMX O6MOTOK TAV2, CHHMaT C pete AHOAHM 6OK C BMBpMHeb-
HMMH MOETMH VCl  we2.
Hpa nposepe Tpancpearopa TAVI noaaT
HOiHaasHmfi OK np pa3oiKayTX aKaaAKax SX1  SX2 B enax pa6o.

246 HaaaOa Oucramuontx sauu Paa. 8 § 8.4 HaaOna Oucranquontx pete conpouaaem 247
pea 30 °.  pete KOMrl]eKTa KPC-I, eczn BBeeHO CMeeHHe, np) yr.e
qn.+180 ° onpe,eOT CMeIenne B npoLieHTax Zcp,ycr. ECJIH He 3a)a
wOKtI nacwpofiKH pete, ceyew IipHnHMaWb TOK ItaCTpOIKH ]Z KOMrIJIeKTa
KPC-1 paBHblM 0,5/noM; TOK nacwpoiKH /Z KOMHJIeKTa j3-2 paBnbIM
0,5 /so, [nor, 2 l,oM COOTBeTCTBeHHO npH ycTaBge Ha TpaHcpeagTope
TAVI 1,0; 0,5; 0,25. 1-IpH 3aanHoM yrae HacTpOIKH CHHMaIOT xapaKwepr-
CTHKH 3aBHCHMOCTH CoIIpOTHBJIeHHH cpaOaTbIBaHHH OT TOKfl H HO IIo,yqen-
HbIM pe3ybTaTaM oHpe)e]HOT TOK TOqHOII pa6oTb L T. e. MHHHMaJ]bHbI!
TOK, HpH KOTOpOM pete cpa6aTbBaeT C coHpOTHBJIeHHeM 0,9 Zcp.ycr. r De -
c coHpOTHB,eHHH KOMHJ]eKTOB KPC-I rl 3-2 TOK TOqHOITI pa6oTbI 3aBH-
CHT TOJ]bKO OT IIOJIOX4eHHH rlepeMbiqeK B IteilHx TAVI (TAV) H He 3aBH-
CT or oTnaeK TV1 (TV), nOSTOMy xapaKTepaCTaKy a yCTaOK II 30.
He CIIHMatOT. KaK npaBH]O, peabHO H3MepeHHMe TOKH TOqHOI pa6OTN pe-
me 3HaqHTe]bHO ieHbme rapaHTHpOBaHHblX 3aBOAOi (Ta6Jl. 8.4).
T a 6z n  a 8.4. TOK "l'OqHO pa6ora peae K Korrl,rleKroa 3-2 n KPC-I
I3-2
OMHHeKT
KPC- 1 :
oKpyHOCTb 6e3
meHHg
aaaHc 6e3 CMeIIeHHH
CMe-
HOMHHabHafl
ycTaBKa,
O Ha aay
OKp yXiHQCTb HJIH aJI-
JIHHC CO MIII,HHM
0,25 (1,25)
0,5(2,5)
1(5)
1(5)
1,5(7,5)
1 (5)
1,5(7,5)
1(5)
1,5(7,5)
TOK TOqHOfi pa6oTm, A
OT (He 6ozee)
6,4(I,28)
3,2 (0,64)
1,6(0,32)
1,6(0,32)
I, I (0,22)
2,2 (0,44)
1,5 (0,3)
2,75 (0,55)
1,85(0,37)
o (ae MeHee)
150(30)
100 (20)
50 (10)
5o(io)
33,5 (6,7)
50 (10)
39,5(6,7)
42 (8,4)
28(5,6)
H p u M e q a H a e. R CKO6gax npuaeeH anHe a 3aILHTU C HOMHHabHbIM
TOKOM | A.
3aBHCHMOCTb Zcp=/(1) CHHMaeTCB ,O 3HaqeHHB TOKa, npH KOTOpOM
Ucp=ll0 B.
HoayqeHHe 3HaqeHH TOKOB TOqHO. pa6OT KZ KOMHJIeKTfl KPC-I
OJI)KHO 6b]Tb He MeHee qeM B 2 pa3a MeHbme MHHHMflJIbHblX TOKOB K3
B KOHRe Ill aOHm, TOKH TOqHoI pa6oTbl ]Z KOMIIIIeKTa 3-2 O)KH
6bITb B 2 paaa MeHbme MHHHMabHMX TOKOB K3 B KOHIIe II 3OHm, TO
oSectIeqHT Hale)KHytO pa6oTy 3aIIIHTbl nO BCeM 3oHam cpa6aTblSaIIHL
,[[JIH BO3MO)KHOCTH npoBepKH 3aIHT no,a, Harpy3Ko Heo6xo,HMO
pOBepHT[, pa6oTy KZ KOMHJIeKTfl [3-2 B pe>K)Me pe]e Hanpa.eHH
MOHOCTH. I-IpH IpOBepKe onpeleJIZOT 3OHy pa6oTb[ H yroJI MaKCHMaJIb-
HOWl qyBCTBHTeJIbIIOfiTH peae npn HanpaeHHn FIOHHTKH 58 B, TOKaX
Io  0,1--0,21o H 3aKopOqeHHblx IeIIftX HanpaKeHHa, IIOBeeHHblx
K BblBOaM TVI asHoro pete. Yro MflKCHMflJIbHO qyBCTBHTfiJIbHOCTH
OTHOCHTeJIbHO HanpaKeHHa !rlOIIHTKH omeH blTb paBeH q.+90 °,
Fe q0.--yFoJI "MKCHMflJIbHOI qyBCTBHTeJIbHOCTH, H3epeHa B pemH-
e paSoTbI pe]e conpOTHBaeHHa. 3OHa cpaSaTBaHa pete 65--180--245"

248 Ha.aOa OUCTattt}UOUUbI.X 3atl4uT Pa3l. 8
npH (M..--65° H 80--180--2600 np qM..=80 °. 3-laHa MaKCHMaJIbHblX
MOMeHTOB peze coBnaaaeT c z, HaMeTpOM KpyroBo. xapaKTepnCTK, npo-
xoztamefi qepe3 aaqazo Koop)aHaT nOR yrzOM
OTZHqHe aMepeHaoro yrza MaKCMaZHOli ySCTBTeZnHOCTa S pezxH-
Me peze MOUtHOCTt Ha yroz 6OZbmm, eM 90+---10 °, MO)KeT yKa3BaTb Ha
HeKaaeCTBeHHyrO HacTpOfiKy KOtTypa otntTKt, t ero B aTOM cayaae
O6XO!4MO npoaepTb B 06eMe, ya3aHHOM Bbme.
OnpeAeesHe 3OHbl pa6oT pete np MaJIOM TOKe rlO3BOIgeW np npo-
epKe no narpy3gof OIeI4!4Wb rlpaB!4IbnOCWb BKIIOqen!4g 3alI!4Wbl !4a cia-
6onarpyKennx nx, waK KaK npH MaoqbIx ToKax 3ona pa6oTb S pe-
;K!4Me nanpaeaa MOmHOCT!4 MOKeT 6bITb cymecwsenso eabme 180 °.
8.5. KOMn.eKCHa npoBepKa aatttHrl
CTaHaBЈHBaOT Bce [taKЈalg}  peKtMHbe nepeMbqK B COOTBeTCTBH
C 3aAaHHMH yCTaBKaMH H .CXeMOfi oHepaTHBHX enefi; 3aMbKan  pa3-
MbIKa KOHTaKT BpyqHy, ffpOBepDT paoTy 3aHT HO
HO CXeM. HpH noynpoBoHHKOBX HH npoBepKa 3eKTpHqeCKHX xapaK-
TepHETHK Bcex HETaHHHOHHX pe,ae KOMffeKTOB 3-2 H KPC'I pon3O-
TCn C ўKcaefi cpaSaTBaHHH pete cnoTebx oprao
O6OHX KOMfl3eKTOB, HOaTOMy npH oHpO6OBaHHH OCTaTOqHO HpoBepHTb.
BbIXOH eHH OT KOHTaKTOB THX pete. KOHTaKT P HpH onpo6oaa,
HHH 3aKopaqHBaDT nepeMblqKOfi Ha OKOe. aaym HpOBepKy
flT npn HanpfleHnn onepaTHBHOrO TOKa, paBHM 0,8 U.o. OKOHqaTeb "
Hag npoBepKa noBeeHnfl 3anTb npOn3BOAHTCg nMnTanefi caeaymmnx
aaapnfinx penMOB npn nOMnnabnOM nanpamennn onepaTnanoro ToKa:
1) npoaepT noaeenne ncTanUnonnx pete KOMneKTOa
n KPC-1 no ycTaaaM I, II n III 30u OT TOKa npn paaOMKnyTX uenx
nanpenn. 3MepT TOKH cpa6aTbmanu ncTannonubx n nyCKOaUX
pete n cpaannaaT nx.c MaKCUMabnMn TOKaMn narpy3Ku annoro npn-
coenuens. Ta npoaepKa noaaoaaeT oneHnTb BO3MOHOCTb OnO pa-
6OTU 3amnT npn OTKqenu aaToMaTnqecKoro aKaqaTea ao aTopn-
nmx uenax TpancўopMaTopoa nanpmenn u nycKe 6OKnpOaKn npn Ka-
aHflx;
2) npoaepT noaeeune 3amnTu npu nMnTaUnn TpexCa3uoro K3
na TynnKoaofi nnnn, Korea npn OTCyTCWann TOKa nanpflmenne acex pex
a3 na axoe nauen c6pacmaaeTc c 100B o ny n npn aToM
nanpflenn 3aKopaqnaamTc. HpoaepKy nponaaOT TObKO npn ncnoa
aoaannn 6aOKnpOaKn npn Kaqaunx Tnna KPB-125;
3) npoaepmT noaeenne 3amnTm npn ayxCa3noM K3, Korea
menne noapeennmx ўa3 yMenbmaeTc o ny, a na KOnType nonnTK
ocTaeTca nanpmenne 58  uenoapeaenuofi ўa3. Hpn nMnTaUun
a6anau mnn a 3one ecTana 3anT K peae noaoT UaKcnMan$
OK ayxCa3noro K3 no ymoM ., K caaapnnOMy, nanpsmenE
a npeaaapnnoM pemnMe. 3amnTa oua pa6OTaT C aepKofi
MeH 1 3oHu.
Hpn nMUTaUUu K3 a6nan mnn ane 3onm 3a cnnno, aaapnfinmfi
noaonsT no ymoM .,+180 °, 3amnTa npn yanqeuUTOKOa oI
ne oana pa6OTaTb no I n II aonaM. Ecru aaeeuo cMemenne nycKoa:
opranoa KZ KOMnaeKTa KPC-1 a III KaaupanT, 3amnTa 6yeT pa60
c aepKofi apeMenn III
8.6 Flpoeptca 3aUTbl pa6otu:n TOtCO:n U nanpzcenue:n 249
4) rlpoBepIrOT rloBeeHI,le 3amrlTbl npn !4MHTfllIHH Tpexqba3Horo K3
B6JI!43H III!4!4 B 3OHe pa6oTm H <<3a cnn}ofi, Korla nanpaKeHae Tpex qba3
cSpacbBaewca co 100B o nya C olnospeMenamM 3aKopaqasaaaeM X
H noaqe a peae asapnfinx TOKOS. FIpoaepHmv npasnbnOCTb opaenwa-
II!4H HCTaHHOHHX opPaHOB HpH pa6oTe <<no HaMflTH, HaeHOCTb pa-
6OWbX bxonbx pete n peMa cpa6awbmana 3aHw.
Hpn npoaepKe pa6oTb 3aHTbI <<HO HaMTH ceyeT yqHTblBaTb, qTO
tleM 6obme WOK K3 B6an3n mnn, WeM 60be OV Hero WOpMO3HOfi TOK
B cxeMe cpaBHeng, WeM MeAneHnee pagowaew 3awa, WeM Ha MeHbmee
BpeM 3aMbKaeW KonWaKWbI axOnoe pete. BpeMfl eficwaan 3amnwb qe-
pea BXOHOe pete KL4 KOMeKTa AK--He 5oee 85 MC; pn pa6oTe
3aHw Ha OWe3bnoe BbIXOAHOe pete c AeMnepno OSMOTKO, AeficwBy-
mee qepe3 KOHTaKT KL4, apeMne Menee 100 MC. Hpn i(3) npo-
-Kmax
sepaeTcfl BpeMg cpa6aTmBanna 3aHTN H BpeMfl 3aMKayToro COCTOgHHa
KOHTaKTOB BXOHOrO pete. HpoaepKy noaeenn 3aHT HpH HMHTaHH
Tpexa3Horo K3 ў3a cnnnofi npoBoav npn MHHHMa3bHOM 3HaqeHHH
aaapnoro TOKa a aTOM penMe, TaK KaK npn aTOM TOpMO3O TOK
B cxeMe cpaaneHn MHHMabH H onoe cpa6aTaanne HaH6oee Be-
pOaTnO. B cayqae aOmHOrO cpa6aTaanHfl 3amnT npoaepaT n aaHoao
nacTpanBaT TOKn CMeeHna OT caMoxoa n KOHTyp nOnHTKfi. H3Mepe-
HHeM BpeMeH cpa6aTBaHH Ha KOHTaKTaX eficTByero BXOHOrO pe-
.3e npOBepT BpeMeHy xapaKTepCTKy cpa6aTmBaHfl 3aHT npH
3aaHX yraax  TOKaX HacTpOK. HpoBepKa pOH3BOHTC p HMH-
TaH gopee a Ca3ax AB, BC, CA. Bpems cpa6aTBaa 3am-
Tb npoBepT npH HanpeHn, noaHoM Ha 3aTy  COOTBeTCTBy-
meM Byxa3HOMy K3 B ceyHX peMax: I CTynenb0; 0,5Z;
0,9 Z,; II CTyneHb  l,l Z,; 0,9 Z**; Ill CTyneb I,I Z; 0,9 Z;
I,l Zzu (a noc.eaeM cynae 3aTa He O3Ha pa6OTaTb).

250 HanaOtca ducramuonnotx auur Pa3zt. 8 § 8.6 llpoeptca sauurbt pa6otug rotco.,n u nanpaenuet 251
-I I I I I I
114  Oaln )
B II, el'IH HClOdiHHTedibHbIX opraHOB CXeMbI cpaBHeHrla. HpH poaepKe noBe-
leH}Ie I, HCTaHILHOHHOrO pete KZI KOHTpOdiHpyeTc{ rlo cpa6aTl,iBaHmo pe-
die K KOMIIdieKwa AK, eCdiH B KOMrldieKWe HCrlOdib3OBaHbl MSP--No npo-
ieKyTOqHOMy pedie, BKdilOqeHHOMy Ha CTa6rldiH3HpOBaHHOe HarIprlmeHHe
qepe3 KOHTaKTbl M:gP.
1 2 J
Uco U=o Ubo
- 1o Ic Ib la 10 Ic Ib la 5). 10 Ic Ib I-
Pc. 8.18. l']poepa lacTaaaooro pedie conpoTsdiens KZI KOMHIeKTa
3-2, BKdiloqeHHOrO Ha Ca3bl AB, noel Harpy3Kofi:
a--nepeKamqeae ua ps)iax aaaMota; 6--nepeKamneane ria cnuraTeabaoM 6aoe

252 Ha.aOa Oucrauquootx 3aUlUT Pa3.. 8
Pnc. 8.20. OLenKa opnenTnpOBKn
cTanIlnOnHOrO pete co/IpoTnBlenHff KZI
KoMnJIeKTa J3-2; npn rlooqepe.noM
nponycKannn TOKOB ]ab II [be pJIe cpa-
6aTbIBaeT, /Ipn TOKe ]ca B peJIe npoTe-
KaeT TOpMO3nOfl TOK
8.7. BnO.HeHHe ,IlHCTaHHOHHOfi 3aulHr 6oa
TpaHc{opMarop -- IHHHil C HCnOJbaOBaHHe! THIIOBOI
naHeJm :I13-1636
Ha 6JloKax vpancqopMaTOp (aBTOTpancqopMaTOp) --amnn Hapay
c TnnOBO. naneabm Tnna 1-[3-5 B KaqecTBe ncTaHIlnonno. 3anTb tIIno
polo npnMenmwcs nanean Tnna 3H3-1638.
Ha pnc. 8.21 npnBeena cxea nKaonennn VaKof 3aIIlI4Tbl nO l.eIlnM
nepeMeoro voKa n anpsKenn Z,a caynan I4crloJlb3OBattng ByXOSMO-
TOnnoro 5aonoro vpacqbopMavopa CO CXeMOfi coez, nnennn oSfovolC 
Y/-II. YIpn ycvanOBKe vpancqopMaTOpOB VOKa Ha cvopone 3amnmaeM6i ::
.nnnn BTOpnqnbe O6MOTKn 14X coenng)TCfl B 3Be3Xy, aenn HanpnKen 
3aIKTb 31nHHn BKJIIOqflIOTCn 'Ha TpaHCqbOpMaTO. p nanpnKennfl co CTOpOHI
ABC
AK
2b
AKZ
2
2
KZ2
Pnc. 8.21. CxeMa ene nepeMenHoro TOKa n HanpnKeHng ncTanInOHtlOft
3amnT 6IOKa TpancqopMavop--JIIHni (nyHKTI4pOM noKaaanbl ttenn, e-
onTnpyet, ible B KOMnJIeKTe 3-2 n" KPC-I, :I4pHblMn ўInHnMH--KenH,
mOHTI4pyeMble BHOBb)

254 HaaOtca Oucramuonm, tx 3aUUT Paat. 8 § 9.1 Ocuoebte rexuu,tectcue Oautible OAt 3aUT cepuu I[ch3 255
KOabHIIHeHT TpaHcOpMaIIHH TA, yCTaHOBJICnHbIX COOTBeTCTBeHnO CO
CTOpOnbl BH  HH 6JIoKa; K--KOqSqSHIIHenT TpancqSopMaIlHH TV,
yCTaHOBJIeHHblX CO CTOpOHI HH TpaHcqSopMaTOpOB 6JIOKa.
I-]epecqeT yCTaBKH npn npoBepKe OT HCnbITaTeJIbHOrO yCTpOfiCTBa npo-
naBO,!4TCff HO qbopMyne
Zcp = Up/(21p),.
r2e U n I -- aanpaKeHne n TO, noeeHHm K peae.
Texmqeccne ,aaHre qb3-201 ў3-504 ў3-503
1 rl,nri 5 1 ri.wa 5 1 riaH 5
HoMI'IHaJIbnbl nepeMen-
ltbiii TOK, A
HoMI'IHaJIbnoe nanpgxe-
HHe, S
nepeMeHHOe
fIOCTOflHHOe
BpeM eICTBI4a 3alRHTb,
YCTpOCTBO qbnJmTpa-pe-
Jle nycKoBoro opraHa:
yCTaBKn HO TOKy 06-
paTHOI rlocJIeZ, oBa -
TeJIbHOCTH /2yeT, A
yCTaBKI4 nO Hanpa-
KeH!410 o6paTHOfi nO-
CJIeAOBaTeIbHOCTI4
Uy,, B
yCTaBK!4 no TOKy Hy-
neBofi nocneAoBa.
TeJIbHOCTH 3/Oyc-r, A
ycTasn yCTpOfiCTSa
KOMIIeHcaIiI4n Z2z , OM
100
110 an 220
He 6oaee 0,05
1; 1,5; 2
(l, aff IrloM=5 A
I; 1,5; 2
(za Ino=5 A
100
220
He 6ozee 0,05
0,1; 0,15; 0,2
(AJlff IHOM---1 1
0,3; 0,4; 0,5
()las laor= I A
I00
220
He 6oaee
0,05
5, 6, 7
0,3; 0,4;
0,5 (
/HOM--- 1 A)
36, cryem
3%

§ 9.1 OCUOaUbW rexutecue daubte d,a oauur cepuu q53 257
256 Haacgtca Oudpdpa3ubtX 8btCOtCouacoubtX 3augur .auuu Pa3. 9
HpoOo.aceue a6n. 9.1
Tcxmqecne A.aHae qb3-201 3-504 qb3-503
3,5
IHO=5 A)
30
IHOM= 1 A)
Pete conpoTBeHa:
yro MaKCHMa3bHO
qyBCTBHTeSHOCT,
rpa
TOK TOqHOfi pa6oTm,
A, He 6oaee
70-+-5
83±5
TOK cpa6aTbmaH
pete npu Up=0, A,
He 6oJme
OpraH MaHHnyIaUHH:
KOaqqHII, HeHT qI4IbT-
pa maurtaymlu k
HaupffxeHe Ha
xoe npn TOKe npa-
ofi noczeOBaTeab-
HOCT, B
Opra Mannyn:
yroa Mecy TOKOM R
HaHpgYeHeM
CTaBKa yCTpOfiCTBa
KOMeHca eMKO--
CTX TOKO y, I/OM
yCTaBKa nO yrny 6aO-
KHpOBKn opraa
cpaBHeH a3 TOKOB,
rpa
4,6,8
8 npa k=8
rl I=2A
(I.a lnora=5 A
0,3
/nora= 1 A)
6, 8, 10
4,58 nprl k= 1Ј
rl 1=0,3 A
(aaa/nora = 1 A)
42 ° npu k=10
a lb=O ,5 Inor, f
83----- 5
6,8, 10',
4,58 npt
k=10  '
I=0,3 A
95 ° npa 
k=10 a,',
lo=0,3A'i
o o
o o
V2

258 HaaOKa Oudydya3ttbtx abtcotcoacToTnbx atquT AUttut Pa3.rL 9 § 9 I Ocnoanbte Texmt*tectcue Oatmtte 0 3auur cepuu 3 259
f-TAV
Pile. 9:2. HpmIIlnnnaabrIai cxeua nanea, AnqbqbeperIIlnaabrIo-qbaarIOA aam TbI T!.Irla (I)3-503

250 Ha.aOa Ouўўa3notx 60tCOnOaCWOTUOtX 3aUgur UUU Pa3. 9 § 9.2 17poeepna u nacTpoa nyctcoebtx opeano 261
B pa3eoe rlptiHTbI O(03tIaqeHHI OTeЈibHbIX pe3e, annapaToB  KOM-
n,eUTOB anapaToB, COOTBeTcTByOUHe 3aBO2,CKHM 0603uaUeHSM,
na21bHblM cЧeMaM H IOCT. [4HeKC, CTOI['ft nepe o6o3uaueuUeM
MeUTOB, yKa3uBaew ua pHUaeHOCTb K onpeeaeuHoMy KOMnJeKTy au-
napaToB. HanpHmep, ua pHC. 9.1 peae 1-KA2 o3uanaeT, TO TOKOBOe peae
KA2 ycTar]om]eno B KOMI]eKTe aunapaToB I,

262 HanaOtўa Ot@canotx otcotw,mcrornt, tx au4ur .aunu Pa3. 9 § 9.3 17poepna u nacrpona opeana .anuny.antuu 263
qbliIbTpbl TpeTbefi II FIITO'i raproHrtK rt yCTpOCTBO KOMIJeHcaLHbI (yCTaB-
ra TAK paBna 50%). HacTpoa qaCTOTnUX qbnnbTpOB IlpoBepaeTca
Ilpn IiOlaqe na BbmOU 24-26 oin,eTa 1 (CM. pC. 9.2) Hanpaaemta
OT reHepaTopa 3ByKOBO!I qaCTOTbt AOCTaTOqHOI MOI/LHOCTII (ILeIII Hal'IpI-
KeHri 3Be3AM 3agopoqeHbl Ha BXOIe naHert) ri H3MepeHHIi HanpKeHHa
cpa6aTusannn peae 1-KP2 na qaCTOTaX 150 n 250 Ftt, qeM onpeIeaaerca
CTenegb 3arpy6eHa 3anTbt. 3arpy6egne nyczoBOrO opraHa OT perb-
e rapMonsn (150 Fa) ozxno 6z He Menee 3,5, a OT nnwofi rapMo-
bTpOB TpeTbefi n nTOfi rapoHr o6ecnenBaeT ocza6zenne mHama
ne TOabO STYX, i]O Tame Bcex rapMommcn COCTaBSX 6oaee ma-
ўogoro opAKa, BKoaqa 13-m, Ha]Hqe KOTOpO B nOpMabnOM pemnMe
BbIBHO Ha HKOTOpblX oqHHHX 500K. pH HeO6XOAMOCT npot3BO-
anTCa noAperyanpoBga HBTpOB 3MeHeHHeM BO3Aymuoro 3a3opa poc-
ceaefi.
poepKa ycrpohcra onencaann aKJvaerc  npoBepe conpo.
TnBeHHn KoMneHcann n n npaBnJbHOCTn BKJqeHH TpaHCpMaTOpOB
KoMnenca. epga conporuaAeuu o.uneucauu Za, nnaAca
npa TOKe I A, nooqepeAHo noaBaeMoM Ha BXOA naHe3n na a3m ,
BO  C0, npH XOOCTOM xoAe TpaHcўopiaTOpOS Koinecan T. CO-
HLHBeHHe KOMHeHCaHH nOCqnTbIBaeTCff nO OpMy3e
Z2a = U/I,
9.3. HpoBepga n HacTpOKa opraHa Mannnyanttnn

264 Ha.aOa Olt3(#a3ttblX 6blCOIO'laЈTOTUblX 3allllT ]lltlltl Pasa. 9
llHX (BOYlbTMeTpOM npH6opa BAў-85). ConpoTuBaegne 9ўIeMeHTOB
pa H coHpOTHB3eHHe BCe Harpy3KH nbTpa OHbI COOTBeTCTBOBaIb
3aBoacn
Hpoaepa acTpofim KO6nupoBauoro 0abvpa TOKO It+kI.
OeHKH paBH3bHOCTH ttaCTpOKH HbTpa opeeeTc KOHHeHT
H3bTpa 1 npoBepeTC COOTHOmeHHe Merely neqaMn pa6oqero COHpO-
THBaeHH HbTpa. OnHeHT k npoBepeTc npH nOKqeHHO Ha-
rpy3Ke b'rpa (y 3amHT ў3-503 C yCTpOfiCTOM iўoMnencann eM-
KOCTHblX TOKOB) Hfl 3flHHMX yCTaBKaX. Ha naHe2b noaeTc Tog
paBHblfi 0,50,6 1o, npH 9TOM TOKe H3MepeTC TOIL pOXOHfi B
rpysge ,abTpa. 3aTeM na naneab noaeTc TaKOfi TOK lab, HpH KOTOpOM
MailaMaepMeTp, 3Mepfi TOg S narpy3e mabTpa, 6yew noa-
3blBaXb TO e 3naqeHe. Ho opMyae
I +
ffHX 3HaffeHX TOga  onpeeeTcR cpenee 3HaqeHe, K.OTOpOe
OHO OTaTbC OT 3aaIIHOFO 60ee ffeM Ha 8 °[o.
pn HeO6XOnMOCTU npOn3BOTC peryanpoBa nbrpa. epe
rynpoBKofi npoBepeTc HpaBbHOCTB ўOOTHOeH Memy nena
conpornBenn nbrpa (pe3ncTop OTCOenuserc or nbrpa CUTe
nepeMnu) nyTeM n3Mepegnn naeuu anpnKeunn ua pa6onefi uacv
3UCTopa npn noane Toga ga BXO uage B a3bl AB
smegus TOT oTcneva ycraHaBanBaeTў raKo TOg, ffTO6 CTp
BObTMeTpa, noKmneggoro Ha BCm pa6onym aCTb pe3ncTopa, OTKO
aacb npnMepgo ga BCm muaay n noga3Baa uanpnmegne, gpaTuoe Tp
(uanpuMep, 0,9 ua 9 B). 3aTeM, ge u3Megn Toga ua Bxoe naueau,
n3 HpOBOOB OT BO3brMeTpa nepeHOCT Ha npOBO Memy ByM COn
THBeHnSMn nbTpa. BOabTMerp Aoagen noga3arb npn npaBb
ycwagOBge perynposonnx XOMyTHKOB 2/3 panee n3Mepengofi
B cynae OTKOHeH OW 9TOrO coowgomegnn HpOn3BO2ttTC perynpo
n3egegneM noomennn OAHOrO n3 XOMyTHKOB, npnqeM ecan
enw k 6M egbme wpe6yeMoro, TO o6ee conpownsaenne
yMeHbnTb, H nao6opow. Hoce pery.nnpoBKn COOTnOmegna MemAy nae
Mn conpownzeHns CnabTpa cnoa onpeAeaseTcs KOgўnneHT
HO SWOfi me cxeMe nposepsewca cwa6nbnOCWb KO9ўanegwa
pa HpH H3MeHeHHH. Toga Ha BxoAe HaHeH BO BCeM AHaHa3oHe, rapa
pyeMoM 3asoAoM-n3rowosnweaeM. KosўўnnegT k Cnzbwpa He
OWnqawbc OW n3Mepengoro npn Ibe = 0,5 + 0,6 I.o 6oee
20 %.
Bpoepa ycrpoficrsa KoMnecaRB eMKocTmx
pofiCWBO BeTC KOM6HHpOBaHblM nbWpOM anpmenn U+
y owoporo 9C na xoAe nbwpa 3ancw or 3Haqenna eKocwnO
ga 3nHnm Ha ycTpOCTBe ycTaHannBamTcs 3aAaHHe
KHeHTOB k  y. epexo  BTOpqMM 3aqeM npOH3BOATC
ўopMyae Ku
§ 9.3 llpoeept:a u nacrpoana opeana tanungnquu 265
PacqeT rcnobaye,x BTOpIIqHbIX BHTKOB TpaHcpeagTopa 2-TL (CM.
pHC. 9.2) 3I 3aAaHHOFO 3HaqeHn npOBOHMOCT n yCTpOfiCTBa npo3Bo-
TCa nO ўopiyae, °/0,
 = 100
Ha 3aHMM BC enefi nanpagenna nanen 3anTM no2aeTca
rpnn(enne Uc=100 B. Hpn 3agoponeggx 3agnMax A, B, 0 eKwpon-
HU,I BObTMeTpOM H3MepeTC HanpeHHe U Ha BblXOe oprana MaHtl-
ryan. oce OTK3mqeHn Hanpaegna Ubc na 3agnMb BC
Tga naHen 3aIITbI noAaeTc Tog ]be TaKoro 3Haqe, np KOTOpOM
HarlpflbKeHne U Ha BMXOe opraa MHHHyH B TOqHOCTH paBHO
apflmetim np noBeennn K 3anTe nanpsmenna Uric. 3areM na
e.nb, ge n3Meaa cxe  noaapnocrefi BKqens, ononpeMenno noaa-
W ganpsenne Ub,  ro Ibm, onepemammnfi HanpseHne Ha yro3 9.
Hanpamenne uannnyasnn U na Bxoe oprana np 9TOM OHO
pH H3MeHeHHa B He60bHX HpexeX HOBeMMX H HHeSb
nps)geHa Un, Toga Ibc n yraa  Merely HnMa O6BaTC MHHHMab-
noro 3HaqeHH anpnmeHa U. pn 9TnX yCOBHX yroa  6yeT pa-
BeH yr3y HpOBOHMOCTH KoMneHcnpymero yCTpOfiCTBa, 3HaqeHe KOTOpO-
ro O3HO 6aTb a npeeaax 86--88 °. pOBOHMOCTb, I/OM, Aa 9TOrO
c3yqas nOACqTBaeTC nO OpMye
y(bc) 2 ]bc
Ubc
B cayqae OT.HqHfl pOBOHMOCTH be) OT 3aaHHoro 3HaqeHH x
MeHeTў noaomeHae HaKJaoK Ha perynpoBoqnofi OCKe qpaHcpeaKTopa
2--TL (cTynenb peryanpoaK--OKOaO 3 % MaKCnMaboro 3aae-
Aaaocno onpeeaeTc UpOBOMOCTh KoMnecpymero
CTBa p nonage Ha naea HanpgeH Uao=60B (np a0poea
CTBBaecg nO opMye
3 Ua
Eczn npoozaOCT yaO} ne patna nposonMOCr ybc), 9TO
TO oўnanear k nasTpa U+kU OTaaaaeTca OT onnenra k
zbTpa l+kl. a noperyanposn HacTpofin CnabTpa U+kU, na
3
samnTy CHOa noaamr nanpaene Uo=60 B n TO I  Uy 
(TO onepemaeT nanpsenne na yroa ) n, peryanpya conpOTnBaene
 Uenn O6MOra TpaHcpeaTopa 2-TLn(cm pnc. 9.2), samenHofi na
Hap)Kenne Uao, yCTHBBaT MnHMyM pamen He6a,aHca.
p nen-paBnbHO noaspnocr BRqe RoMnecnpymero y-
POfiCTBa nO OTnOmennm K go6nnpoBannoy nbTpy TOgOS
ne U a Bxoe opraHa Many npn nnrann samnT ooBp
enno nanpamenneM n TOOM {nO COOVBeTeTSymn exeMaM) ne 6yAev

266 Ha3aOna Ouc[(a, 3ttbtX abtCOKOttaCTOTttbtX sauur mmu Pa3t. 9
Prtc. 9.4. CxeMa rl3uepeHrln yraa MexAy TOKOM Io na BXOIe iaHeirl rl lla-
npaeHne Ha BXO;Ie opraHa taHanyzmmn anr znIa )3-503 .'
§ 9.4 Hpoaeptca u nacrpoatca opeana cpaanenua Ca 267
9.4.. IlpoaepKa
HpH npoBepKe onpeAeaaeTca 3aBHCHMOCTb XHTeBHOCTH HMHyBcOB
ToKa Ha .Xe npngnga OT nanpegna MaHnnyflHn. HpHeMonepe-
XaTqHK nomqaeTca K Ha.HeWn 3aHTbI, H Ha Hero noxaeTc HOMHHab-
HOe HanpgeHne HOCTOHHOFO ToKa. B opraHe CpaBHeHa a3 noxKmqa-
eTC OTKqaee peae. HaHpgeHne MaHHHyHH n3MepeTC BObT -
MeTpOM nepeMensoro Toga c Maabli noTpe6euneM (BAO-85), BK.qeHHMM
ga Blxoe opraga MaHHHyH. TOK npneMa n3MepeTC nO KOHTpObHO-
My MHaHaMHepMeTpy MflFHHTOeKTpHqeo CHCTeMM. 3MeH TOg Ibc,
noasaeMu ga nageb, qro s3aaeT naMeueHne U, CgMamr xapTe-
pCTgy .y = f (U).
,HTeOCTb HMHybcoB, rpaa, HOCqHTBaeTC nO opMyae
7 = 3601np/Ino,
rXe /npTOK npneMa npn pa6oTameM nepeAaTqnKe; /noKTOK HOKOff.
XapaKTepncTnKa CnHMaeTca 2o U,=IO0 B. Ha nOCTpOenHn xapaKTe-
pHCTHKH onpe2eaeTca TOqKa,
15 ° Menbme, qeM npn UM= I00 B. COOTBeTCTBymee aTO TOqge nanpaKe-
HHe Mannnyaann yCaOBnO Ha3bIBaeTcn nanpamenHeM nonofi MaHnnyn-
uu. Hpn npaBnbnOfi nacTpofige npneMonepe2aTqnKa 2HTebHOCTb HM-
ybCOB p Uu=I00B COCTaBaflOT 130--160
MaHnnynn 3--12 B (2a YH3-70).
3 opeHTHpOaOq:nOrO onpee3ennfl MUMaoFo TOga Harpy3KH,
HpH KOTOpOM BO3MOeH "o6MeH Bq MHybCaMH, 20OHTehHO H3M-
eTC TOg Ha BXO2e arle3H ]bc, pH gOTOpOcpa6aTRaaeTcrHaabuoe
ae oprana cpaBnenn a3. TOK Hapy3Kn, A, oeqvBaeTC no opMye
]aarpmin  lbe cp  KTA
re KraKOanenT TpacopMann TOKa 3amneuoro
Heris; kKOaHHeHT H,nbTpa oprana nyaaun npn Ma TO-
Kax.

268 HaaOa Oudp(aanotx ootcotcoacrornotx aauur umtJ Pa3,. 9 § 9.6 Konetcnan npoeeptca aaguzot 269
9.5. llpoBepKa 6.qOKI4pOBKI4 npn HeHcnpaBHOCTflX Lenefi
HanpgKeH49 3aIKHTbI T4na ,P3-503
B o6e.,a npoBepKH 6,rIOKHpOBKH BXO,RHT:
npoBepKa HpaBHYlbHOCTH BKYIIOqeHHH IIO HOJIHpHOCTH H naCTpOfiKa Ha
MHHIiMyM He6aaHca;
npoBepKa qyBCTBIITeEIbHOCTH 6EIOKHpOBKH;
ripoBepKa ToKa cpa6aTblBaHliI li BO3BpaTa HCHOYIHHTeYlbHOFO pete,
llponepKa npanIbliOCTH BKJIlOqeHHg no nOJIIpHOCTH H HacTpOfiKH Ha
VlHHIMyM HeSa,qaHCa rlpOH3BOIHTCYI OTle,rtbHO IIYl KaxgIOfl qba3bI Kertel tla-
npaKeHll (Kamoro TpaHcqbOpMaTOpa 2-TL 5, CM. pac. 9.2). Oope-
MerinO K tteaM anpaleHH 3BexbI H pa3oMKyToro TpeyrObHHKa KaK-
AOfi qba3bI IIOIBOATC OIHOllOdlpHble HOMHHabHble HanpnKeHn (COOT-
BeTCTBeHHO 100/  H 100B) H a3MepeTca OK He6aaHca B O6MOTKe
HCHOHHTebHOFO peae 2-P5 MaaHaMnepMeTpOM MarHaTOeKTpaqeCKOfi
CHcTeM C MaM aOTpe6eHHeM. TOK HedaaHca e OeH apeBbImaTb
0,3 MA. B0 H6eaHHe npOxoeHH ToKa qepe3 O6XOHb]e enH CBOOX-
Hbie 3am pyrx a3 3aKopaqBaTca  coeAaTc c HyebXM 3a-
HMOM eHefi HaHpH}KeHH.  HCKqeHHH BHHHHH yroBbIX HOVpe-
HOCTefi noxauy Hanpefi Ha cxemy HpOH3BOgT OT perypoBoqx aB-
TOTpaHcOpMaTOpOB nn HOTeHHOMeTpOB C MaMM aKTHBHMM
conpoTeneM. Ecn 3MepeHHbfi TOK He6aanca npeBblmaeT 0,3 MA, TO
pOH3BOXIITCfl perypOBKa Ha MHHHMyM He6aaHca 3MeneneM HepeMeH-
HMX COnpOTHBeHt B ennx O6MOTOK 3Be3A.
qyBCTBHTeabHOCTb 30KHpOBKH npOBepaeTCn no TaKo e CXeMe npn
Hoa3HOM cnmen nanpem, HOXBOHMOFO K O6MOTKaM 6OKHpOBKH
{OAK3DqaeMMM K KOMneKTy <<3neaAa>>). HCHOHHTebHOe pe,e 6oKHpoB-
H 2-KP5 (CM. pnc. 9.2) aono cpa6aTmsaT npn CnHeHHn nanpaKe-
nn Ha 7,50,75 B.
B 3aKqenHe HpOH3BOAHTC HpoBepKa ToKa cpa6aTBaHHH H Bo3Bpa-
va HCHOaHHTe3bHOrO peae n onpeAeaeTca qeTKOCTB pa6OTbl ero KOHTKT-
HOfi CnCTeMbI HpH HoAaHHOM Ha naHeb nOCTOmHOM TOe. TOT cpa6aTm-
Banns AOaKeH 6UTb B npeeax 1,5--1,SMA, KoўўnenT BO3BpaTa-
He MeHee 0,4.
9.6. KoMnaeKcnafl npoBepKa 3atttnTbl
KOMIIJIeKCHa llpoBepKa 3allllITbI flBJlgeTCfl 3aBepmaomefi IIp0BepKo
npH rIHTaHHH 3aldJ.HTbl OT nOCTOpOHgero liCTOqgliKa. KOMnJIeKCHaff llpoBep-
]Ka COCTOHT H3 llpOBepgH B3aliMOlefiCTBliI pete; llpoBepg 3alIIliTb] liMliTa-
llt4elrl K3; IIpOBepKli lefiCTBlig 3aI.RliTbI Ha OTKdlIOqeHlie BblKdlIOqaTeIe]], Ha
CBeTOBMe li 3ByKOBbIe clirHadlbI.
l-lpOBepKa 3anTbI liMliTaKliel] K3 IIpOH3BOIIiTCfl COBMeCTHO C llplleMO'-
nepelaTqHKOM Ilpli HalIpIXeHHH IIOCTOIHHOrO TOKa, IIOHIiXeHHOM
0,8 Onot. I'IpoBepKa IIpOH3BOATCfl IIO llpnnllnllHaJIbHOfi CXeMe Iellefi no-
C'rOflHHOrO TOKa 3aI.RHT. Pete llpH npoBepKe llepeKItoqaioTc BpyqnyO.
l'IcnpaBHOCTb Ilellefi naKaJla
nooqepe,RHOM n3BJleqeHnn 113 naneefl no OAHO1] aMne
o BeTSn ielln naKaaa (Aa YH3-70).
I-[poBepKa 3alRliTM nMVITaIlli I(3 npOH3BOHTCfl COBMeCTnO C IlplieMo-

270 HaaaOna Oucўa3nb,x abtconoacrornotx 3augur nunua Paat. 9 § 9.7 Hpoaepna aat,u'rot rolўo. naepyanu unuu 271
IIKopb BbXOHOrO peae oprana cpaBnenn, qba3 He ROKeH B3parnBaTb,
HeM npoaepneTca naenocTb 63OKnpOBKn 3aHT npn K3 Bne 3amHa-
eMOf 30. Hpn HCHOab3OBaHHn B 3amnTe 3-503 nyCKOBOrO opraaa,
pearupymero Ha HanpnmeHne o6paTnofi noceAonaTebnOCTn, nMnTnpy-
eTcH Ayxaanoe K3 ua Caaax AB. Hanpmenne na aamaTy noAaeTcn OV
1,05 nanpneHiin cpa6aTBannn pene I-KP2 o 120 B; npH 60M ana-
qCttltlI nanpnmenn B yKa3anHO anaaoHe ngoph pete 2-KP4 oprana
CpaBHeHHa aa ne omeH B3parnBaTb.
HpoBepKa BpeMen cpa6aTBannn aamnT npn K3 B 3amHmaeMo
oiie npOn3BOAnTCn BamA: npn necnMMeTpnqHOM K3 n npn CnMMeTpq-
nM K3. B nepBOM cyqae nUnTnpyeTc OHOaaHoe K3 na a3e B npt
ucnOnbaoaaHaH B aamnTe nycKoBOrO oprana, pearHpymero Ha TOK 06-
paTnofi noceAoBaTebOCTn, HH yxa3Hoe K3 na aaax BC npn nc-
nOb3OBaHnH B 3anTe nyCKOBOrO opraHa, pearnpymmero na Hanpnmenne
06paTHOfi nOC3eOBaTeabHOCTH. Hpn o6onx Bnax nMnTaann nOBOnMbIfi
TOK (nanpmenne) yCTaHaBBaeTCfl TaKM, qTOSbl TOK B O6MOTKe pete
I-2KP (I-KP2  aamnT ў3-503)  2 pa3a npeaa TOg ero cpa-
5aTbIBaHnfl (TOK n3MepeTcfl MnnaMnepMeTpoM MarHnTOeKTpqecKofi
CCTeMbl C MabIM noTpeSeHneM). OCTaHOBKa MnnceKynoMep.a ocye
CTBa]eTCfl KOHTaKTaMH BMXOHOFO pene. BpeMu cpa6aTbmanu onpeeu-
eTC KaK cpeHee n3 Tpex n3MepeHnfi n ROHO COOTBeTCTBOBaTb 3aBO-
CKHM aHHM.
Hpn CnileTpnqHOi K3 npoBepseTcs BpeMa pa6OT npn cpa6aTIBa-
mm TObK.O TOKOBaX pete 1-1KA  1-2KA  peae 1-KZ a 3amv
ў3-201  ў3-504, a 3amT ў3-503--vonbo pene 1-KZ,
9.7. i]poBepKa aaUHTm TOKOM HarpyaKH JIHHHH
YIpo.BepKa 3aIKHTSI TOKOM aarpyaKii npOH3BOIHTCI OAHOBpeMeHHO
C o6enx CTOpOH JIHHHH IIpH IIOJIHOCTbIO co6pa}InX lleiiiix (CHIITbI TOJIBKO
KOHTaKTHbIe MOCTHKH B IleIliix OTKJIIOqeHHI BbIKJIIOqaTeJIe!I H B IleIIX
ran3aLln), ilepeKJllOqaioee yCTpOCTBO llaxolHTCl B IIOJIO:,KeHHI, I
<<CHFHJI>>.
1-IpoBepga IIpOli3BOIlITC B celyIoeM O6"beMe:
npoBepKa IIpaBlIJlbHOCTH noIBeieHnii K 3aliilITe Itene ToKa II HaIipa-
eHHII;
npoBepKa IIpaBlIJlbHOCTii BKJIIOqeHlIII peae CoIIpOTIIBJIeHIIII;
npoBepa IIpaBaabiiOCTH HacTpOfiKI qbHJIbTpa ToKa (nanpiimennii) O6-
paTHOfi rIOCJIelOBaTe.qbllOCTIa IyCKOBOrO opraHa n BKJIIOqeiiIaI ero oMnen-
cHpyIomero yCTpOCTBa (nocJmHee -- TO JingO tii 3amHT Tna
IpoBepKa IpaBIaJIbHOCTIa BKJIIOqeHII$1 KOM6nlalapoBaaHoro qblaYbTpa
rana aHiinyantmH Bq rlpHeMonepetaTqlaKOM;
npoBepKa rpaBJIhHOCTa BKJIIOqeHllfl, HacTpofln H yCTaBKn ycTpOIўT-
Ba KoMHeHeanH eMKOeTHbX TOKOB B opraHe MaryJmtmH;
npoBepKa tefiCTBHI 6aoKpOBKa aanlnTS npn HencHpaBHOCTX
HanpKeiiaa;
CnTne dpa3HOfi xapaKTepiiCTnKH  onpeteeiie yro 6JIOKIIpOK
ItlITb;
IIpoBepKa IIpaBnJIbiiOCTii dpa3npOBKH llenefi TOKa II HanpiiKeh-r
o6eiiM CTOpOHaM JIIIHHH;
npCBepKa, tcaparOCTR rerreh OTKJIIOReHH,ўI BMKJIIOqaTJIe!?I

272 Ha.aOtca OuCdyam, tx tcototacToTt-totx auur .aw-tut PasI. 9 § 9.7 Hpoepta auuTt TOtO. uaop!ltu .uuu 273
Te,rlbHOCTH (B 3aIIIHTe TIIIla J],ўP3-503) nsMepaeTc TOK B O6MOTKaX peJe
1-KP1 n 1-KP2 {CM. pHC. 9.2) npH IIpIMOM H 06paTHOM qepeoBaHHax
qba3 HaHpKeHH, HoIaBaeMoro Ha 3aIIIHWy. pH npMOM epeoBanm
WOK ne6aanca ne OKeH npeBbIaTb 0,3 MA, npn o6pawHoM epeoBanHn
TOK B pe3e o3en bIWb npMepno 25--30 MA.
Hpn HOBMmeHHbIX 3Haqennnx woKa ge6aaagca
noBmmenoro ne6aanca (noApo6nee CM.  6.8).
n npoepn npaBnbnOCTn Bgqennn toMnencnpymero yCTpOfi-
CrBa nycoBoro oprana 3amnTN 3-503 Ha 3amnTy noaeTcn o6paTnoe
qepeoaue ўa3 TOOB  uanpn}eunfi {nepegpemsawcn @aam B  C}
u np nooqepex}{oM owcoeAnueuan a3 A, B  COW 3anWbI C 3aMeuo
OrCOeAneHHOfi a3b uyeBbM npOBOAOM 3MepTC TOKH B OSMOTKaX
peae 1-KPI  I-KP2 np noAoqeunn TOBKO enefi ToKa, WObKO
neff HanpeH H np OHOBpeMeHHOM nOKqeUHa uenefi Toga n ua-
npmemls. 3MepHme TOgn B pete
TOga" H anpn}Kenn COOCTaBJTC C nOCTpOeHmMn a BeKTOpHOfi
rpaMMe BenaMn U2p (re Up=Ua--]]2aZ2) Jn aofi arpy3KH
n 3aaoh yCTaBKH Z2 (pHc. 9.7)
HopnoHbHbl. BeKTopHble narpaMM HOCTpOeHM C yeTOM COOTHOeHn
 yrOB MeXy CocTaBHMn opaTHOfi HOCJeOBaTeJbOCTn TOKOB
 Hanpne (noxpo6Hee CM.  6.2). eTKHe pe3ybTaTbl o6ecnenBamT
ca np CO6eHH yCOBHfi /Z20,05 U, rxe ] H U--a3ne 3Ha-
eHna TOga n Hanp}geHn npn npoBepKe.
pe3ybTaTOB npn HeSObmHX ToKax Harpy3Kn HHoFa yCTaHaBJnaDT
MaKCManbHyD yCTaBgy nO Z2K (packet B TOM cynae BeeTc na 9TO
3HaqeHe
Hpoepa HpaBHbHOCTH BKeHHH KOM6HHHpoBaHOrO H3hTpa
]+k]2 opraHa MaHHny3HH. pn npoBepge n3MepneTC TOK BO BTOp-
HOfi 06MOTge TpaHcopMaopa 2-TL (CM. pc. 9.1) opraHa MaHnnynnn
yBCTBnTebHb]M MnaMnepMeTpoM nepeMeuoro TOga nH anpee
Ha Bxoxe opraa Mannnynn BOUTMeTpoM C MaM noTpe6eeM
(MOmHO nCnObOBT SObTMeTp npH6opa BAў-5)
eb gaTb 06paToro n npnMoro epexoBa a3 TOKOB. OTomene
Hanpnmen (TOga), n3MepeHOrO npn 06paToM epex-oBaHnn, g nanp-
eHnD (ToKy), 3MepeHHOMy npn HpMoM epexoBaHn,
npnMepHo pBnO gonnenTy k KOM6nnpoaHnoro nbTpa. pn
6obmx arpy3Kax, ora 3aropamTcn cTa6nTponm,
b]x rpy3nax, gora cnbHO npOnB3eTC HenHefiOCTb enefi co cTa-
JbD, no3yeHbe npn npoBepge 3aeHnS gonneTa k pa3naDTcs
3HanTebHO. p npoBepe 3aTM 3-503 enn anpnen OTCOeX-
HTCH OT TpaHcopMTopoB HanpeHn  3agopaBaDTc Ha BXOXe
HpoepKa HpaH3HOCVH gnmneH, HacTpOfiKH H ycTaKH yCTpOCV-
a KOMHecaHH eMgOCTbX TOKO  oprae MaHny3Hm pn nepBoM
BKJDeH 3amnTbl HeO6XOnMa npoBepKa COOTBeTCTBH 3aaHHMX ycTa-
BOg ycTpoficTBa OMneHcanH aKTHeCKHM eMKOCTHbIM TOKaM
OTKDeHHH ee c npOTHBOnOJOHOFO KoHa.
pH TaKOM pemHMe B 3nHHn CO CTOpOHM, re OHa BgeHa,
XHT HCTO eMKOCTHbI TOK, paBHM HOJHOMy eMKOCTHOMy TOKy
HaJnnn Ha nHH peaKTOpOB OHn OJHbl bITb OTKDeHM TObKO Ha
HpOTHBOHOOHO CTOpOHe).
J npoBepKn KOMneHCan eMKOCTHMX TOKOB oSpaTHOfi nocJeXoBa-
18--131

274 Ha.aOtca Ouўcaanotx owotcoacToTmUў aauqu .aunu(t Pa,. 9 § 9.7 Hpooepna aau4urot Totcom naepyanu .auuuu 275
TebHOCTII na BXOI,e naHeaH nepeKpeiiiHBaIOTCff qba3sl TOga B n C n 3
HanpeHn B H C. Ha Bxoe opraa MaHnnyn noqaeTc
neKTpomHfi mObWMeTp. pn nooqepeanoff noaqe Ha naHeb WOO
Toga o6paTHOff noceRoBaTebnOCT, TObKO HanpeHnn o6pawHoR n
ceOBaTeBHOCT n COBMeCTHO noae TOga n nanpe H3MepTC
nanpnennn Ha BbXOe opraHa Manygnn. HpH noaqe TOBKO Toga
op3THOfi HOCOBaTbHOCT BOBTMeTp 3MepfleT HaHpfl)KeHe U, Cg-
OTBeTCTByee HOHOMy eMKOCTHOMy TOKy Hg, Hpg Hoaqe TOJIbKO
HaHpg)KeHgg oSpaTHO HOCeOBaTebHOCT HaHpgeHge KOMHeHca
Hpg COBMeCTHOfi Hoflqe HaHp)geHge U C yqeTOM KOMHeHCaKIIIL C
yc'raaaMn 3aaHa KoMneHcaKng nOOBnnb eMKOCTHX TOZOB, TO Ba
ceHnX 3MepeHnfl OmHb 6bTb npnMepno paBH Me2y CO60, a cy-
a nx ona 6T paana nepaoMy naMepenno.
n npoBepKn KOMnenn eocTnX TOKOB HpflMO noceoBaTe-
HOaT a, B aen HooqepeHo oaTCg TOBKO TOg HpflMO Oў
ROaaTeO,ўTU, TOBO nanpflenne npofi noceoaTenOCTn n o
n nae BMeCTe. OoenHOCTb HpOBepKg gBflTCg 3naTeno
uen auaen U  ncKaee pe3ybTaTOB npg ngemeficfl
MTpU" pBq TOKOB g nanpgen.
oouTeo gpopgeTcfl- HpBnhnOb Bmqen yCTpOBa
gOM.n MOCTgX TOKOB o6paTnofi noceoBaTebnOCT no p
6oqng TOOM. eZTpOngM aOTeTpo naMepneTCn anpn 
BbIxoe oprana Ma,nnyun Tae pn noBeRenn K naneB TOO
Hanpns opaTHOfi nocaeaoBaenbHOCTH (nepepemeH a3 B 
np noouepeoM noen TOnO TOKa OnO n3.a3 TOKa B a3y A
naHen n np nx CoMeCTHOM noBeeHnn K
Hp OnOBpeMeHnOfi noaue Ha naHeb Hapea 05paTHOfi
ceOBaTebHOCTff n ToKa OHOfi H3 a3 Hanpe. U o Bcex Tp
coueTaasx yyT 3HanTe3UnO OTaHaTCn apyr OV pyra  gyyT
BHCeTb OT 3HaueHn Toga n yr CBHFa a3 Harpy3K:
re ]2a  COCTaB3ffma TOga opaTOfi noc3eoBaTe3bHOCTH a3 A O
COOTeTcTBymmero TOKa, n.OBOMOFO K naHeaH 3amnw; ]UayZ--
HanpameHe KOMneca ogpaTno nOCeOBaTebHOCTH (np
mennix Ca3ax aanpnEeHn B  C); U,.--pe3y3uTnpymmee anpe$
opaTHOfi no.c,neoBaTe3bnOcTH Ha Bxoe opraHa
Ecan aaHm nocTpoens SeTopHofi arpaMM (pnc. 9.8) H pe3y
• aT n3Mepenn coBnaa-amT, naT, yCT'fiCTBO oMnencan eMnocT
TOKOB Bameno npaBnbHO.
flpoBepKa aeCTe 6n0poe 3amT npn HecnpaBHOCTnX e 
nx Bpg (To3Ko  3-503). Hpn npoBepKe n3MepgeTC vO
HeaaHca B 06MOTe ncn:oaenbHoro pete 3poBH 2-KP5
pHc. 9.2) ManaMnepeTpOM MaTogeKTFUeCKOfi CCTeM C 
noTpee,neM np HopMa',nUHO ce. TO Sa3aHca OgnHo
MeHee 0,1 MA. 3aTeM npH noouepeo CH ex a3 OMneKTa
 TpaHcўopaopoB HnpsmeHa  (A, B, C, 0 n ABC)  Bcex ўa3
mneKTa pa3oyToro Tpeo3Ka pacpMaopoa enpe {
b, c n ab,c) 3epaT Te TOK B OOMOTKe ncnoenn
(Mn3anaMnepMeTp Ha npeeaax o 40 MA) n 5am 3a
peAaTqHgH "C o6effx CTOpOH 3IJyCKaIOTCfl KHOIIKaMH. Ha BBIxoe Ipn-eMoe-
peRaTqlIKOB (napaJeJmuo Bq KaSeM) l'IOgJIIOqaIOTCfl 9leKTpOHHble
ocaorpaqbH. K MalIIyJllTOpHblB JIaMI]aM I]plleMOI]epeRaTqlIKOB qepea
3oanpyme TpacopaTopbT I]ORBOIHTCfl naIpImele U=100 B
(pc. 9.9). I]OCJIeROBaTe.bHO. C OOMOTKOI OTgJnoqaiomero pete oprasa
CpaBHeHliI qba3 BKJIIOqaeTўfl MaMepMeTp MaFHHTOIegTpIIeCKO'i CllC-
TeMbl. YroJI anpgea MaHlII]yJIIRalI pery3pyeTcn c oRaofi CTOpOHbI
• qHHHH qba3operyJIITOpOM H KOHTpOXltpyeTCI qba3OMeTpOM (a3OlIH/IlIKaTO
poM). C nOMOmibIO qba3opery,nTopa ycTanaglnaeTcl Hy.n OTCqeTa--
goe nooKeHne Bq h'MI]yJIBCOB, KOPRa cepeuu ex CoBaIaOT. I/I3MetiIff
yroa Merely Bq nMnynbcaMn OT 0 I0 360 ° ,rope3 .Kame 15--30 °, no
MnneaMnepMevpaM, a3MepnomnM TOK B O6MOTKaX OTK.FIIOqaIOIIJ, HX ,pete,
18"

276 HamOtca Oubўa3totx atnCOtCO,taCTOTtltnX 3alUUT zmtm;Yt Pa3. 9 § 9.7 lIpoeepna 3aurbt TOKO.g uaepgstcu uuu 277
NOB BKJIIOqaIOT aeTp0HHbe 0CHorpaqbbI. HpH noaqe Ha 0,HOII H3
nOCTaHH B 3aHTy ToKa TObKO OH0 a3bI Ha pyrofi nOCTaHRIH
B 3aHTy H0aTC nooqepeHo TOKH BCeX TpeX a3 B 0Hy H Ty Ke a-
3y. pn noaqe B 3aHTBI 0HOHMeHHbIX a3 T0gH B 05MOTKaX 0TKqa-
HX noagpHaOBaHHNX pete H TOn npeMa OHB 6bTb paBHb
Ha O6OHX KOmeKTaX aamHTN. Ha a(pauax ocorpao
nysco o6otx nepexaTUHOB 6yXyT CABHUyTN npnepHo Ha 180% T. e.
6yyT OTCyTCTBOBaTb nepepsmb MexAy HMnyabcaM TOKOB Bq.
TaKan e npoBepKa HpOH3BOHTC HpH nooqepenoM noKaoqennn
K 3aTe a epBoff nO2CTai, TOKOB aByx apyrHx a3. Ha nnTaloeM
KOHRe.HHHH MOryT HMerb MeCYO ne6obme TOH B OTKaqaHX oa-
pt3oannblx pete n Ha BbXOae npHeMma, o6ycoenue oneqno
pOCrb pacnpocTpaHenns Bq cnrnaao (6  na KaKble 100KM
n CRBarOM a3 Merely TOKaMH Ha KoHax aHHHH, KOrOpbI BM3MBaeTC
ee eMKOCTHO npOBOAHMOCTb (oco6enno npn Mamx narpy3Kax). Ha SK-
pane ocHorpaa MOmnO n3MepHrb n OReHHTb 3TH CABHr (noApo6Hee
CM.  9.8). n 3amnT ў3-503 Aonoannreabno npoBonTCn asnpoBKa
HpH BKqqeHHO KOMnencann eMKOCTHblX TOKOB.
oce npoBepKH COOTBeTCTBH a3HpOBKH ene TOKa na 060nx
ayKOMneKTaX K 3anTaM HOBOTC BCe rpH a3M roKa nO HOpMaabnO
cxeMe. H3MepTC TOKH B 06MOTKaX orKqanX nO3pa3OBaHabIX pe-
te oprana cpaBnenn a3 H TOKn .npneMa npn nopMabnOM noBeRenn
Maannyann (Or oprana anHnyann K npneMonepeaTnKy) n npn
nepeKpemennmx npoBoAax enefi MHHHyHH na onofi Ha nOACTannfi.
B nepBOM cyqae TOKH O3HbI 6Mrb paBn ny (3a ncKqenneM
qaeB, onncannblX Bmme), BO BTOpOM cyqae npn AOCTaTOqHO Harpy3Ke
nHn Moryr cpa6aTBarb pete. Ca3HponKa npoBeperc TObKO HpH HO *
BOM BKdIqeHHH HH HpH n3Menennnx B TOKOnIX enx 3aHrbI.
HaaHOBX npoBepKax 3anrbI n3MepTC TOKn B pete H B npneMHnKe
BCeX a3ax TOK.
a "3aHTM THH ў3-503 (npn HCOb3OBaHHH eMKOCTHO KOMeH-
cann) RononaTebno HpOH3BORHTCa a3HpOBKa enefi nanpxenH Ha
o6enx OCTaHHX. eHH ToKa OT 3aHr OTK3qaTC, na O6OnX noy-
toMnegTax 3anT nepegpenBamrc a3u B H C nanpmenn, raKH[a
06pa3OM, Ha 3anry noAaeTcs nanpKeHHe 06parHOfi nOCeAOBarebHO-
CTn, n3Mepnercn TOK na Bxoe npneMnnKOB n B 06MOTKaX peae 2-KP4
(cM. pnc. 9.2). pn npaBnbnofi a3npoBe /tenefi nanpnmenn TOK B 06-
MOTKaX pete 2-KP4 omen 6Mrb He MeHee 2 MA npn nne
100 M n 6oabme.
HpoepKa ncnpaBHOCTa ee OVKamqeHan mKamaTeaefi anna npo-
H3BOHTC onpo6oBanneM AeficrBn 3anrbI na orKqeHne BMKqaTe-
aefi. eficrBne 3.aHTM nMnTHpyerc HamarneM BpyqHy na Kopb BXO-
HOrO peae 3aHT nH noaqefi nca onepaTnBnOrO ToKa Ha nepeKmqam-
mee yCTpOCTBO 3aHTbI.
BpoepKa o6mena Bq mnyaam a opmaaso pa6oammefi
pn npoBepKe n3MepeTC TOK npneMa  TOK Bxoa npneMonepearqnKa
no ero npn6opaM. HpH 3anycKe nepeaTqfiKa TObgO C OnOfi CTOpOHM
(HpH OCTaTOqHOM TOKe Harpy3g nnnn) TOK npneMa n TOg BblXOAa nMe-
mT onpeeaeHHe aHaqennn (yKa3bBamTC na Ta6nqge), cpa6aTaev
CtirHabHOe pe3e opFaHa cpaBHeHH a3 H BbIHaaeT CHFHabHOe pete
3OBJ. pH OHOBpeMeHHOM 3aycKe 060Hx HepeAaTqHKOB TOK HpHeMa
aeT 0 Hy, TOK Bxoa HMeeT MaKCHMabHOe 3HaqeHHe.

278 Haac?a c?udAdAaotx eoLcooacrorotx au4ur uu( Pa. 9
9.8. OCO{SeHHOCTH npoHepKt 3am, HT Ha
OTHeTBdleHHflMH H Ha llpOTfleHHbiX JIHHHflX 220--500 KB
1-Iaeau Anqbqbepenanaabo-qbaablX Bq 3amr s 3aBOCKOM ttcrIoA-
HeHHH He npcnocoSaen Xaa HCHOnbaOBaHHs Ha aHsx c OTBeTBeHHSMH.
NaMeeH aaBncT OT Koauecwsa OTSeTBaennfi, aann Hart OTCyTCTBg
nnTaan co CTOpOHgI OBeTBmeH  pyrx aKTOpOB n BHOCTC HO ya-
3aH c]y pe,efinMx 3aT. OCHOBHMe H3MeHeHgfi caeAyDmne.
aarpy6aeHne oTgamuamero peae, Bgameoro a sNxoAe abwpa
TOKOB o6paTHO HOC,eAOBaTebtIOCTg B HyCKOBMX opratax 3aT;
yCTaHOBKa ROHOHgTebHblX nyCKOBblX opraHOB (AOHO]HtITebHMe peae
WOKa, peae copOTHBaeug, peae MOHOgTg 06paTOfi nocaeAoBaTeOCTU
H T. .).
 ox g& yx coco6oB np ўoxpHtlg npefi qyBCTBHTebHOCT
pete 1-1KP;
1) 3MeHHeM pa6oqero H TOpMO3HOrO MOMeTOB pete. aa oro
pa6oa 06MOTKa, HMemaa 6oabmee qHco BHTKOB} HCHOb3yeTca K
TOpMO a TOpMO3aaKaK paSoaa. Beaa 3arpy6aeua oope-
eaeTca TOpMHM TOKOM, KoTopMfi peryHpyeTc O6OpoM Hyoro
COHpOTHBeHH 06aBoqHoro pencTopa;
2) m.ywpoBanei pa6oefi O6MOTKH pete 1-2P pe3ncTopOi. Oga
cnoco6a nO3BOamT 3arpy6HTb pete B 2,25 pa3a o cpaBnenm c 3aBO
CKOfi perypoo.
Hp eO6AMOCT ogmero arpygaen.a peae I-1KP  1-2KP na
BMxoe BpaMHTebHOO MTa ycTaHaBHBaeTC OOHTeUM
eHcaTop, p TOM MOHO oyqBTb 3arpy6aee B 1,5 pa3a.
BO3MOXO pnMeene ogmero 3arpy6e o6onx pete  oo-
eaoro 3rpy6aea pe 1-2KP.
p a3HpoBge Aeuefi TOKa Ha aHHHaX C OTBeTBaeHHaMH
3HpoBga oapHo Mey OTebHMMH noayKOMeKTaMH pH
qeHHb pyrx KOHaX. pH HeBOMOHOCTH OTKqeHHa HHHH C pyrx
KOHOB a3HpoBKa npo3BOHTCa C peBapHTeaIM  opeeeHHeM yra
Mexy TOKaMH, oaBaeMH Ha HOyKOMHeKTbI 3aHT H pax
CTHHX.
Hpn aspoge aeefi oga pOTaXex afi 220--500 KB eo-
CHe WOKn nx 3anTeuo Bamw a a3oB Csr iexy TOKaM
o KoHaM HHHH, HpqeM qeM Men,me arpy3Ka an', TeM cnee
He. B peeHOM cyqae np aKTBHO MOHOCTH, pasofi  aKo
K Hyam,  6oamefi pa3HHe no ypoBHm HapeHHfi H KOaX
apasee TOKOB HO KOH.aM HHHH 6yeT OHHaKOBbIM, yFo 0" yeT
piepo pase ym, 3anTa MOmeT OHO cpa60Tab (ec BeT yeT-
poficTBa MKOCTHO KOMneeaHH B opEaHe
a CKqeBa OmH60K pH a3HpoBKe HeO6OHMO npeBapHTea-
Ho OAeHHT yroa cra Mexy B MCaMH . pH 3HaqTeHX
yrax csra (20   6ee) yroa  noXcmae, ca ao opyae ,=
=0, re 0yoa Mexy TOKaMH 0 KOHaM 'HHH, s3sa.
KOETHMMH TOKaMH; ayroa, B3BaHHN 3a3aHeM Bq
(6 ° Ha 100KM HHbl HHH); HaK C pMaeTC a
KoHe, MhHyc  Ha peMHOM.
§ i0.1 Cxe.*tbt en.oueuua pe.e uanpae.euua ўaOa4UOCTU
279
Yro,a 0 no2CHTbmaerca no npn6an>Kermofi qbopMyae
P
gO =
31 [X c - (X L /2)1+ Q '
re P u Q--aKTgnHan U peaurunuaa MOmnOCrb B HHU na aHUOM ee
ioHe, MBT n Maap; I
CMKOCTHOe H HHyKT[]BHOe conpoTHBaeHe anunn, OM.
MeTOnKa onpeeaem anpameuu MOnOCTn npnneena n pa3..1.
l]pu a3gpoaKe Toga aamgr 3-503 onoaHnTeabno
.omenHM n  9.7, u, eaecoo6pa3o npoBecwu a3poBgy npn BmoqeHbX
yCTpOfiCTeax KOMHe[ICa eMKOCT[IbIX TOKOB B opraHe Mamnysnfi.
a'mHHbX ycTpoficaax yroa
PaOe. Oec,gToa
HA,IIAKA I1OI1EPEqHblX jI, ilOEPEHILItAJIbHblX
HAHPABJIEHHblX 3AIHT OT .MEX(j],ҐA3HblX K3
H 3AMbIKAHHH HA 3EMJIIO
10.1. CXeMbi HKIIOqeHHfl peae HanpaHaeHaa MOmHOCTH
nonepeqHbX ,tdpepemmaaHbX 3am, HT

280 Ha.aaOKa nonepetux Ouc]. nanpa,3.,wuntx uauluT Pa3R. 10 § 10.1 Cxe,tot Kme,teuua pete nanpaa.aenu mOU4nOCTU 281
Pc. 10.1. CxeMa TOKOBbIX uenefi nonepeqHofi iqbqbepenuaabHofi Hanpan-
aennofi 3 a LtHTb:
a- cxeMa nepnnntx coetnHeHn; 6- cxeMa notKamneH :OKOBSX eneii KOMnae-
TOn K3 6 n K3 7
Pnc. 10.2. BeKTopnan RnarpaMMa OK0S S nenax nonepenHofi anqbcpepeHnH-
aJlbHOl?I 3aIIITbI:
a--ng K3 na WI; 6--npH K3 na W2
HIHT BbIKJI)qaTeJIb nonpe>Kennofi aHHHH Ha npOTHBOnOaOKHOM KOHIle, a 3a-
ZeM yKe pa60TaeT 3auliTa Ha IaHHOM KOHIle.
CXeMbl BKJnOqenH peae HanpaBaeHn MOIHOCTH aHaJIOrHqHb! paCCMOT-
peHHbIM B pa3l. 3, B 3aIIIHTax OT MeKlyqbaHX K3 peae BKIIOqaIOTўI
o6bqno No 90-rpaycnofi cxeMe, B 3al/InTe OT 3aMbiiaHn! Ha 3eM:iIO--Ha
dHJIbTp TOKOB H Hanp<eHHfi nyesoh nOC]eAOaaTeo2bHOCTH.

282 Ha.aaOKa nonepetnotx Oudp. nanpae.aennotx zau4uv Paaz,. 10 § 10.1 Cxeot eKmotenun pe.ae nanpae.aenua tou4nocTu 283
IHHIaU WI, KQC2--pete noaomeHHg cBgamqeno, BbmaqaTeaa Q2 nuu
• /2); a ROHTaKT KQCI, KQC2 oryT BnOSHTb TaKe 6OKpyme
yHKRH npn aKa,Ienn x HenocpeAcvBenHo a uenn abxonIX pete KLI
n KL2. KOnTaT KQC2 samamT noczeaosarezbno c KL1 (B pacceay
texy moAaMa 8-10), OnTaT KQC1--nocaeoaTeasno c KL2 (iex-
y blnOaMn 14-16). THM OCTnreTca aBTOMaTHqeCK BMBOA amnT ns
BO3MOmHOFO OTK,qeHlt ocTaBmefica B pa6oTe amm npn CKBO3IIOM K3
Bite 3OH 3amHT.
 KA,  6 KL o
- HH f7
Pc. 10.4. 1-IpHHHngaabnaa cxeMa KOMnJIeKTa K3 7:
a--ienH nepeMeoro TOg3;  BeIlil nepeeaaoro HanpaxeHs; e--ien onepa-
TIIOPO ocToaItBoro Toga; e  ienn

284 Ha3aOa uonepeunbtx OuCp. nanpae)eunbtx auur Pa3. 10 § 10.2 Oco6ennocTu naaOu u npoeepu nonepe,notx aaU'l" 285
T a 6 a H  a 10.1. TexmtqecKne RaHHHe peJm HanpameHna mOUlHOCTt,
ycranaBanBaemx n KomnaeKrax K3 6 n K3 7
K3 6
K3 7
PBM-271/2
PBM-27 /2
PBM-271/1
PBM-271 / 1
PBM-278/2
PBM-278/1
MabHO qyB-
HOMHHa31Wolf
TOK peae
IHOM' A
--305
--45+5
--305
--455
+70±5
+70±5
0,7
0,9
3,5
4,5
0,24
1,2
OIHOCTb cpa6aTblBaHH peae HanpaBaeHn MOIIIOCTH, ycTaHaBaHBa-
eMblX B KOMI1JIeKTaX, HeCKOJIbKO yBedlHqeHa no cpaBHeHHO C pete TOFO H(e
THHa, HO yCTaHaBJIHBaeMblMH OTAeJIbHO lta naHe,ax. 3arpy6eHne peae Io-
CTHraewca ionoanltweamo 3awxKOfi npOTttBoIeficwBymIttx npyKnU
THM nCKOqaeT BO3MO)KHOCTb Bn6paIntI KOHTaKTOB BCTpOeHItNX peJe
MOIIHOCTH tt3-3a 6JItI3KO pacnoJoxeHHbx pyrux peae KOMIIJIeKTOB.
Peae MomUOCTU KOMnJeKwa K3 7 He npeInaaHaqeHo Iaa IJnweJbUOrO
peKIMa aKaiOqettn lleI1H anpxema u BbIepmIBaew HanpmeHue .100 B
ila O6MOTKe B TeqeHHe 1 MHH.
HaleneHue yrJa iaKcuMaJmnOfi qyBCTBUTebHOCTn peJe KW1 u KW2
Ta6n[ta 10.2. O60HaqeHtt aJleMeHTOB, BXOXIilBX B KOMIUeKTM
K3 6 n K3 7
KA
KAI
KA2
KV
KWI
KW2
PT
1PT
2PT
PH
1PM
2PM
B ClpaBOtl- B cxeMax
HHKe 3aBoa-
KL PH
KLI 1PH
KL2 2PH
SX1
SX2 IIY2
KH1
KH2
2P"
10.2. OcOeHHOCTH Haa,H H npoBepH nonepeqHuX
;nqbqbepemtnaJn, nux nanpasJennux aamnr noj narpyao

286
.l, taaOta nonepe,mtx Oudp. nanpae,etmtx zatU'l" Paa. 10
§ 10.2 Oco6etmocTtl ua,mOtu u npoeeptu nonepe=mbtx 3atUT 287

288
HaaaOtўa nonepetnbtX Oudp. nanpaentbtX 8aUUT Paaz. 10
Ha pac. 10.7, a npnneena R{arpaMMa nponepm non Harpy3KOff peae
w!rla PBM-271, BgqeHnoro na Tog I a  nanpee Uc. Hp HapaB-
en aKWgBHOfi H peawmofi MOHOCTH OW mgH B HIO pete C WOaO
]al OHO 3aMKaWb npaBe KOIlTaKT H ehCTBOBaTb aa OTKqcHIIe
WI, pete c TOKOM ]a2 OqHM 3aMbIKaTb eSble KOHTaKT H eCTBOBaTb
Ha OTKqeHHe W2. poBepKy 0 Harpy3Kofi pete HanpaBeHH MOHO-
CT OT 3aMMKaHH Ha 3eM,q pOBOT aHaorqHo yKa3aHHOfi B  3.4.
TObKO K pete HOBOT nooqepeuo OK Kaofi 3 a30T 06ex rpyn
TA. HpH npoycKaHtt TOKa OAHOfi a3bI se pyre a3bI aHHofi rpytmM
TA  nee TO,OBOe nen BTOpOh rpynn TA O3H6 6blTb 3aKoponea
Pc. 10.7. BeKTopHe AarpaMM Harpy30qHOrO peKMa c HaHecem{M
3OHaMIt cpa6awb]BaHn peae a OTgJIOqeIte tlTl, l72:
apee na PBM-271, Kmeoe na TOK I a n nanpesne Ubў; 6--pete n- 
na PBM-278, mennoe na 310 n 3U0
I,I OTKJIIOqeHsI OT nabotH; He onycKaeTc pa3pbIB HyJleBOrO npoBoa 3aIHTSl.
Ha pile. I0.7, 6 npaBeena HarpaMMa IIpoBepKI IIo narpyaKofl peae
THIIa PBM-278 npn HaIIpaBJIeHIlH aKTHBHOI H peaKTHBHOI] MOIIIHOCTH OT
IIIHII. PeJIe C TOKaMH Iai, /e2, -[bt )IeCTBeT Ha OTKJHOqeIIHe WI, C TOKaMI{
Ia, Icl, Ib2- Ha OTKJIIOqeHHe W2, rpH TOKaX [bl H Ib2 Ha I'IO,r],BH:h'CHOM KOH-
TaKTe MOIIHO Ha6JOAaTb Oў,raSJeHHbIfi MOMeHT. l"pH npoBepKax nanp)Ke-
ilHe 3 Uo Ha peae cJIeAyeT IIo2:aBaTb KpaTKOBpeMeHHO.
I-]ocJIe rlpOBepKH IIpaBHJIbHOCTH BKJIIOqeHHI pete BOCCTaHaBJIHBaIOT Bee
IlerH TOKa H HaHpKeHH, enle pa3 KOHTpOJIHpyOT TOKH He6aaaHca B Hy- 
leBbIX IIpoBo2:ax H AHdi)di)epeHI!aJIbHbIX ileIIx, H3MepIOT HaIIpeHHe He-:
fiaaauca 3 Uo a 3aKMax 9-11 KOMI'IJIeKTa K3 7 H ocae aTOrO BBORIT
3amTy B paSoTy.
l']pH BIII'IOJIHeHHH rlpOHўIaKTHqeCKHX pa6oT B npoecce 9KCruiyaTaII4
Heo6xoAI, IMO I'IOMHHTb, qTO l'IpH OTKJIIOqeHHH O)IHOI H3 JIHHHI H aBTOMaTH-"
qeCKOM BbIBOAe 3aIlIHTbl H3 pa6OTbI ua BblXO)IHoe pete Ipyrofi aH no-
2aH onepaTHBIMfi TOK aenefi OTKJIIOqHHfl,
 11.1
Oc108t,tble TeXt,tl4gecgl4e aCtllble OAZ 3alUTb$
289
PaOe. oauu,aaaTb
HAJIAKA llPO]i, OJlbHblX HEPEHRHAJIbHblX
3AIIHT JIHHHH
11.1. OCHOBHble TeXHtlqecKtle RaHHble 3amHTbl THna 3JI-2
HoMname 3HaqeHg: a) nepeMeHHu TOK--5 HJIH 1 A, 100 B,
50Fu; 6) nOCTOanbfi TOK--110 n 220 B;
BaX O6MOTOK BbIXOAHOrO npoMeyTOqHOrO pee 1; 2 n 4 A.
oTpe6aeMaa MOmOCT: a) uenefi nepeMeHHoro ToKa npH HOMHHab}{OM
eMMeTpnOM Tpexa3UOM woKe--e 6onee 10 B.A a @aay; 6) enefi
anpamea epeMeoro ToKa p aapameHn 100 B--e 6onee 7 B.A;
s) uene nOCTOaoro ToKa; np anpaeH 110 B- e 6oaee 8 BT, np
ganpaen 20 B -- He 6oaee 16 BT.
Bce annapaTs 3aHT, B HopMabHOM peMe o6TeKaeMse TOKOM,
TbnO BbtepmBamT 110 °/0 HOMHHabHX TOKa H HanpnmeH. HO
ycaoau Tepnqecofi CrOfiKOCTn 3aTa AoycKaer npoeaune Tpexa3-
noro TOa, paauoro 40-paruoMy OMnaabnOMy oy, B Teqeue 1 c.
3amuTa uee ae peryanpoaK ToKa cpa6araam
a) peryaupoay, xapaTep3yeMy KOauenTOM h, amy oAo-
apeenuoe nponopuoaboe n3eene ToKa cpa6aTBan o ToKy np-
ofi n o6pauofi nocaeoaaTeabUOCTefi;
6) perypoBKy, xapaKTepnayeMy KOa'HUHeHTOMk KOM6HnpOBan-
noro zbTpa TOKOB
3amaTa UMeeT czeymue auaueua KOauaUeUTOB hl; 1,5; 2,
k4, 6, 8, I0. onycTaMOe OTKZOHeHne KOuneUTOn h a k OT UOMn-
HabHO 3HaqeuH  ue 6oee 8 %. BpeM ecTBa 3aHTb 6a3 BXO-
uoro upoMemyToqHoro pete npa nTUKpaTHOM TOKe cpa6aTBmauu ue npe-
BmaeT 0,04 e. Bxouoe npoMemyTouoe peze KL ueeT ezeaymue
BpeMeua cpa6aTBmauum npu OTKZueHuo TOpMOHO O6MOTKe  0,008
0,01 e; upu BKZaeuHoh TOpOaUOh O6OTKe--0,05--0,07 C.
B aamuTe npeycMoTpeH 6cTpoecTnymnh anTOMaTUUeCKa KOU-
TpOb, uaeuo BBIBOH aamuTy a eeTBH npu qeTKOM o6pbBe
HHHTebnX poBoOB H TOKe uarpyaKu o 6 A BKqHTebHO up[ luo=
Pc. 11.1. CTpyKTypna cxeMa 3amITbI:
HC A, FIC E- aeKvpnqecKne notcTaR; I- airaeMa an 2-
Teaae npoBota; TAI; TA2--3Mepvesae TpaucqbopMawOpm WOKa; tl (3J]-2)-
6OK n3Mepefln n OrK; A2 {3T14)- 6aOK n3oapyorfl; A3 (YK-1)- 6oK KOW-
po ўoeRHHTeHsbX ]pOBOROB (B CKO6Kax RaHM 3aBORCKHe O603HaqeaHS)
19--131

11.1 Ocuoubte Texuuuecmte c)am, te c)Az 3auuTbt 291
r
t
I
1
I
!
t.
i
!
I
!
1
1
I
I
t
1
t
t
l
f
=5 A H o 1,2 A BKJIIOqtiTeJlbI-IO npH IHoM= 1 A. YCTpOfiCTBO KOHTpOJIH efi-
CWByeT Ha cra np CaHKeH H3OaHUnH coermtwe,b[mx npoBooB OW-
T a 6 a H  a 11.1. Tog cpa6aBamta 3amn npa paaaHqnux naAax K3
n ўoadpdpaaaeH'ax k
Bu, K3 4 liOMIai, uufl TOK 3aIIT]I
Tog o6paVIoi
KogP- Oajoqba3t]oe .2:I, ayxqba3aoe Tpexqba3aoe I' oў..q e,oa a't ei ,.
HHT 
HOCT[,I
--4
--6
--8
--10
IA t 5A
0,8
0,8 4 4
0,8
0,8 4 4
1A [ 5A
0,38 ,9
0,4
0,43 2,15
O,45 2,25
1A I 5A
0,8 4
1,32 6,6
1,84 9,2
2,5 12,5
IA l 5A
0,2 1
0,22 1,1
0,23 1,15
0,25 1,25
YIpnueqanne. 3naqenu TOKOa cpa6a'ruaau npHBe.,ertm .o,a h=l; np
h=l,5., 2 aHaen, yKa3aHnue B Ta6JnLe, yM[O)KalOTc Ha 1,5 H,Ull 2.
19'

292 Ha:zaOa upoOobbtx Oudp. 3aUUT UU( Pa3. I | § 11.2 Hpoeepca aetenToe cxem aav4urbt 293
22--24 MA B TOpM)3IJyIO O6MOTKy peae Kl- TOK cpa6aTbmamta ero noa-
pacraew Io 4,1 MA 10 %. Tos cpa6awaanna peae KI 6aoa A3 omen
CocwaB$flWb 0,8 MA, TOK Bo3Bpawa 0,2--0,5 MA. onycgawc OWK$OeBfl
• 10 0/o. PeryapoBKa noapHaoBanHx pete, peae TOKa, npoMeyTOqnUX'
n yK3aTeaHX ocyeCTBaeTC no o6enpnTOfi MeTOaKe (c.
pa3. 2).
Hanpamenne 3amHraHHa n npaBHabHOCTb BKaqenHa cTa6HaH3aTopoa
anpamenna VI, V2 npoaepamTCa no cxeMe pnc. 11.4. a aToro ua
ne 3aMU 3-7 6aoKa AI noaeTca TOK OW npoBepoqnoro ycTpocaa
5053 nan VH3-2. Ha ablaOU cTa6naaaTopoa anpenna
ca BOabTMeTp C 6oabmnM BHyTpeHuM conpoTnaaenEeM u ocuaaorpa..
Hanpaee 3araa CugcupyeTca no uaqaay ucaen
uanpmenna  Odlno 6bITb B npeeaax 100--110 B. qbopMa cpe3a cgny-
donb npn npatabOM nKoqenmt cTa6nanaaTopon noaaana na puc.
11.5, a, npu nenpannaboM -- na pnc. 11.5, 6.
]I nponepKn oaqbqbnnewa k a axoA TAZ (aamnMb 3-7) 6aoKa AI
(pc. ll.6) noaeTc TO IAC, paBbll 0,4 Ino. Ha BbIXOe TA2 (3ax<nM
2-4) nepeMbiqn SX6 naMepeTCa anpx<enne aaeTpOHbIM nOabTMepoM.
3aTeM a nxoA (aax<nMb 5-38) noAaecn TaKoi TO lo, qTO6b uanpnxe-
e Ha BUxoe 6bI.O panHO npebbXymey.
15052
Koarlu, nenr k onpeAe.nteTca no opMyae
V I Aў" - I BO
V'I Ac- I BO

294
HaaOxa npoOo,notx Oup. auur
Paaa. 11
11.3. Hpoaepsa coeannnTeabnx npoaooa n ycpocTn
KOHTpOfl
H3ogng npoBoRoB npoBepgeTcg MeraoMMeTpoM Ha 500 B  omua
yoBewBopflw COOTBeTCTBymgM HopMaM (CM. pa3R. 2). g g3Mepeugg
ConpoTHBeHH HpOBOOB p og 3aKopaqHBaTC C OHO CTopogbI H
miX noaeTca Hanpamene nOCTOaHHOrO TOKa He 6oaee 220 B epe3 aM-
nepMeTp; Rp, OM, onpeAezaeTca no BbipameH
Rnp = Unp/lp,
re U.--noaaeMoe uanpmeme, ; ]p  TOK B pOBOaX, A.
OTHOCTb TOKa a euoro npoBoa ue oamua npeBbmawb 1 A/M 
aO 36emae arpeBa.  3Mepeu eMKOCT npoBooB Cup npoBoa
pacgopaqBaw  a x noaeTc nepeMeoe anpee e 6oee 220 B,
50 F, qepe3 MaaanepMewp. EMKOCT, MK, onpeeaeTc no
In. 10 a,.
Cnp  314Unp
. Onpeeaese eMKOCT poBooB HeO6XOMO  OeHK qyBCTBTўb-
ocw 3amTb nO Ta6a. I1.1  3roToBae KBBaaeTa npooo.
po3BOTC rpaypoBga MgpoaMnepMeTpa PA 6aoga A3 no By
3MeHmMC napaeTpaM: CoupoTBe OU npoooa no OT-
uomeu g 3eMae  ToRy KoHTpo$ coeTex npoooB.
FpaypoBga npo3BOTC nO cxeMe, nogasaofi ua pc. 11.2.
perypoBg no nepBoMy napaMeTpy np noao a Bxo 6oga A3
anpumeu 100 B, 3agopoeux 3aMax 4-9  aaofi gonge SB1 pe-
aCOpOM R3 ycTaaaBaeTc Magcaaboe uogaaae np6opa. 3aTeM ua
aaM 4-9 nogqaeTў arasu ўonpOTBaeHfi Tna P-33  cMa-
eTў 3aBCMOCTb noKa3aH np6opa OT ўonpoTBaeU. p OTnyeHofi
guonge OTMeqaeTc ўonpoTBee, np ROTOpOM cpa6aTBaeT peae KOT-
pO K1. Oo oamuo 6Th Me,Sine a pauo 20 KO.
 rpayposK no BTOpOMy napaMepy MeAy 3amMaM 2-4
qaeTc conpOTHBee 3 KOM noceoBa'eabo c gOnTpOabSlM MaM-
nepMeTpoM. Peryapyu nepeMefi pecTOp R4, yaaBaT TOg nO
gOUTpOammMy np6opy, paBufi 5,5 MA. PeSnCTOpOM R5 np aaTOfi
ge SB2 ycTaaBaBaT oga3ae MgpoanepMeTpa, paBuoe 55 eeM.
11.4. KoMnaeKcnafl nposepKa
§ 11.5
Hpoeepna 3alUTbl pa6ouu.u TOKO.,!.I
qbnKcnpyeTca cpa6aTbmaHne AnqbqbepeHLnaabHOrO peae KI npH yBean-
tietti4!4 TORa. AHaaorqto co6Hpaewct cxeMa a rlpoBepgH qyBCTBI4TeJIbHO-
CT!4 3attTbI K 3aMbmaHM pyrnx qba3, a TaKme K )IByxqba3HblM 3aMblKa-
HHM.
Pe3yabTaTbI npoBepoR tlyBCTS!4TeIbItOCTn cpaBm4naowct c annblMl
Ta6a. I 1.1 c yqeTOM ycwaHosaemux KO3qbqbHLHenTOB h vl k, a TaKme napa-
MeTpOB coeAHHHTeJIbHblX llpOBOAOB, rio TOfi :axe cxeMe IpOH3BOHTCt H3-
epenne BpMeHH cpa6arbmaHH 3aIILHTbI.
Pnc. 11.7. )KB!4BaJIeHT coe!a-
H!4TeJIbHblX FIpOBOOB
R R
$ 2
-Pc. 11.8. CxeMa AJ KOMmleKCUOfi npoBepRH 3amTb:
A1- 6IOK H3MepeHI4ff H aOrHK!4; A2--6IOK H30IHpyIomttiI; A3- 6IOK KOHTpOJI coe-
!4HHTeIt, HI, IX IIpOBOOB; C9- 9KBHBaIeHT IpOBO,OB
rIOCIe yCTaHOBKH IIOJIyKOMIIJIeKTOB HO pa3HblM KOHIIaM JIHHHH  IIO-
MOIILbIO R4 pery3IpyeTcn TOK KOHTpOJI[ coeIHHtITeJIbHblX IIpOBOJIOB
5,5 MA (55 eJleHfi no SCTpoennoMy npngopy). YcxanasJmSaTb 6o3bmee
3HaqeHHe TOKa KOHTpOJI[ He peKoMenyeTcn, TaK KaK lIptI 9TOM 6yIeT yse-
J2HqHBaTbC[ BpeMH Bo3BpaTa pe3e KOHTpOJI[ K2 6JIoKa A3.
11.5. HpoaepKa aamnTu pa6oqHM TOKOM H nanpflmenneM

296 HaRaaa cnet(uaRbbtx yCTpOCTO P3 Pa3. 12 § 12.1 YcTpocroo 3au(uTbt oT 3aoKau a eRo 297
O6MOTKe L!qbepeHlaJlbnOrO peae Kl--ooao 0. Hanpneuue naMepa-
eTCg TaKe npn nepezpemenuoM ffOK$qeHgg coegnnTebnbx ffpOBO-
oB. 3naqenne nanpmenn 3aBўgT OT yraa Merely BezTopaM TOKOB, Ho-
aaaeMx a ouonMeue 3agMhI TZ 6OKOB AI. HepeKamqeuue npoo-
OB paBno3aquo nOBOpOWy nogaqaeMofi Oa3 ga 180 °.
Ha B c oTnafiKaMn g na a6eabux anux ononMegnue BeKTOpM
ToKa nO go,RaM agnng pa3Bepnyw Meuee qeM na 180 ° n3-3a BangHng a-
rpy3Kg ownaKn nan eMKOCTnOrO ўonpoTgBaeng Ka6ea. pg Oa3npoBRe
3aT ownafKy eaaweabo OTKagWb. OHOgMeHHOCTb BeKTOpOB TORa
aO scex cnyqax onpe2eagevcg nyTeM CTng BeKTopbX garpaMM
6opoM Tgna BA-85 n nx cpaanen c noa3annM npn6opoa, ROHTpO-
anpymnx nepewoKn MOHOCTe HO KoHaM agH. Hocae onpeeaenn
gagMenoBannfi Oa3 TOKOBbIX uenefi c Byx CTOpOU annn onn noKqa-
mWCg g OOgMennM 3anMaM TAZ 6aogoB AI.
a npoBepKU zoOOnuenwa k ua axo TAZ 6aoza A1 noaeTc
caMMeTpnqnag TpexOa3ag CnCTeMa TOKOB ABCO npgMo, 3aTeM 06paT-
nOfi noceOBaTeabnOCTg ACB--O. egTpOngM BObTMeTpoM 3MepgeTCg
anpneue a pa3oMgyTOfi O6MOTKe TV 6aoga AI (npu cnvo nepeMq-
ge SX6). OTuomene nanpenn, noga3bmaeMoro BOabTMeTpOM np O6-
pawnOM qepeoBan a3 TOKOB na BxoAe TAZ,  uanpmeunm npn
MOM qepeoBafinn omHO 6bITb paBno KOaaneuTy k8 %.
poBepfleTCfl fiCTBHe peae K2 KOnTpoa coeHnHTeabnbx npoBooB
npH nX 06pbIBe  3aMbIKaHnH. pH 06phIBe npoBoOB OnhI cpa6OTaTb
pete K2 6OKOB AI o6oHx HOyKOMHeKTOB, HpH 3aMhIKaHH poBoOB
Mey C060  pete K2 6oKa l nOayKOMneKTa, He uMemmero 6aoKa
KOHTpO A3. 3aMKanne coeHHHTebHblX HpoBoOB Ha 3eM
mT, coenu nooqepeHo  npoBooB c KOnTypoM 3a3eMaeHH. HpH
aTOM OamHhI cpa6OTaTb peae KI 6aoKa A3 n yKa3aTeabnoe peae KH4.
Pac)e OeuaOaTbtt2
HAJIAKA CHEII, HJIbHbIX ҐCTPOFICTB
PEJIEFIHOFI 3AIII, HTbl MOIII, HbiX SHEPFOBJIOKOB
12.1. rCTpoflCTBO 3aulnTb OT 3aMbKannfl Ha aeam
CHCTeM ao36yKteHn reHepaTopos Tnna K3P-3
ўTpOўTBO K3P-3 06ecneqHBaeT 3aIRTy OT 3aMbIKaHllI Hfl 3eMJIIO
B O)IHOI TOqKe IeHH Bo36y)leH!4fl reHepaTopoB ii CHHXpOHIIblX KOMrlelICaTO-
pOB C JIeKTpOMam !4HHo!?I, TIIplICTOpH01], BblCOKOqaCTOTHOI II IIOIIHOfl ClICTe-
MaMI Bo36yKeUn. 14ўnOIb3oBaH11e 3aulnTbI npe)lyCMoTpeHo Ha rmlpore-
HepaTopax, Typ6oreuepaTopax c BO)lanbM oxaaK)leHleM poTopa i na ncex
Typ6orenepaTopax MomHOCTbIO 300 MBT 14 Bbime. Ha rHAporelepaTopax aa-
IIIHTa efICTByeT Ha OTKJIIOqeHlle, Ha Typ6oreHepaTopax--na cnrnaJ
rlp!ttgT! onepaT!Bnhix pemeuHfi).
efcTBne 3aiRnTb OCHOBaHo na naoKennn nepeMefinoro nanpKen
tITOTO!I 25 Fit Ha itenn Bo36yKentt tt uaMepeuu aKTttBHO!I COCTaBagIO-
uefi nepeMenHoro TOKa, onpe/enseMofi 31iaqeHHeM CoIIpOTIiBneHIIfl I430aR-
itHn itenefi poTopa OTHOCHTenbHO 3eMJIH. OcHoBIibIe 9JIeMЈHTbI H KenR 3amH-
TbI npueaenb na cxeMe pnc. 12.1.
I/IcToqFIHKOM nanpK6 25 Ft SaSewcs Marnnwnbfi )Ientwen5 qacvo-
Tbl UP, npeo6pa3ymmn nanpsKenue npoMumneuno qacwoTbI 50 Fit  co-
CTOSIanfi t3 )IByx Marmtwux cepIequngoa TL1  TL2. Ha cepzteqnnKaX
Pc. 12.1. rCTpOflCTBO 3am!4Tbl TalIa K3P-3  cxeMa ero l'IOAKJItoqeI-lttR
K ienM ao36yK)Ienu qepea BcnoMoraTenuoe ycTpofiCTBO
pacnono)Ke5 O6MOTKH nliTali )lenHTenfl, Bb1)eeHSe Ha 3a)KIIMbl 1-5
KOMnaegTa, la gOTOpbm noaeTc nanpKeHe 0 B aCTOTOfi 50 Fa ap
cTaoBaeofi nepeMKe 11-18 Ha anpKeHe 100 B aCTOTOfi S0 Fa
npn epeMuqKe 7-9. , Hae)KnOCT 3aLKHTb pa6oee H pe3epBnoe Hra-
Htte BnOIHOT CO c6OpOK 0,4 KB, 3anTanHx OT pa3Hbx ceKIH.
Ha awx Ke cepeax pacnoaoKe O6MOTKH noMarBaH,
B en KOTOpbIX ycTanoenb O VDI  pe3HcTOpbl RI9  R20, cyfa-
me a orpanmleHHa  perypoBaH ToKa noMarBaH,  06-
MOTKH, B I.l.elIH KOTOpbX BIIIOqeH KoHeHcaTop C2, H KOTOpbIe o6paayov
C HHM :one6aTeabfi KOHTyp qaCWOTbl] 25 ra; )IBe apbl O6MOTOK, coeLH-
eHhie corac8o-noceoBaTebo, aBaK)TCa 8arpy3oaHMa. C oofi

298
HaaOra cneguabm,tx tCTpOCTe P3
Paa. 12
pbl O6MOTOK Hanps)Ke}{He 25 FL% nolaeTcS ns HanoesHs Ha KenH Bo36y-
eHH reHepaTopoB, co BTOpOfi  B H3MepHTenbabe KenH 3aHT.
 reHepsTOpOB, .MeHX OAHOTHnHOe 9neKTpOMaHHHOe pa60ee. 
sepBHOe Bo36yXtHe, BCnOMOraTenbH yCTpOCTBoACH He HCnOnb3yeTCS,
B 9TOM cnyqae K em poTopa noqaeTcs BbIBO 4 KOMnneKTS K3P-3,
BbIBO 8 BCeF8 Hse)KHO 3a3eMSSeTCS. B HacTosee BpeMS 9$eKTpOMa"
HHHOe BO36yeHHe HCnOnb3yeTCS B OCHOBHOM KaK pt3epBHOe, BMCOKO*
qaCTOTHOe Hall TrpcTOpHOe- KaK p860qee BO36yeHHt, KOrea npHMeHe"
He ACH O63aTenbHO; n HCKaqe}IHS OHOnHHTenbHOFO yCnOHeHHS 38-
mHTbI npr nepexoe c pa6oqero na pe3epBoe 3aeKTpoMamtnnoe BO36ym-
XetIHe ACH OCTaB,eTC B paSTe.
HepeMeblfi TOK 25 Fa qepe3 scnoMoraTeaboe yCTpOfiCTBO noAaT Ha
O6MOTKy poTopa LG n na eMa (Ha naa reepaTopa qepe3 3a3eMammym
eTKy), Xa TOrO COeXHHmT 3amnM 2 OMnaeKTa K3P-3 n 3agHM 4
ACH, 3amHMb 8 3a3eMaT. B 3aBOXCKO XOKyMeTaUn yKa3RBaeTC
noamqene ACH  noaomweabnoMy noamcy uenefi pozopa (3amM o6o-
3HaqdeTc <<+P>>), Xa THpHcTopHo CHCTeMbl 36ymAen B CB3H C KO-
cTpyKTHBHblMH OCO6ennoCVgM ee soAgnofi CCVeMbi oxaaAeg nOAKam-
qene BRnoanmT na OTpKaTeabnRfi noac KaK nemmfi 60aee Hn3Kym
H30H.
BcnoMoraTeabnoe yCTpOETBO ACH COCTOHT H3 L-C-ўabwpos, npeAow-
npamammnx nonaAanne s aamvy anpgmena qaCTOTOfi 50--t50--300 F
n shame 3 THpHcTOpHO H BMCOKOqaCTOTHO CHCTeM Bo36ymeng.
phi naCTpOenM Ha pe3onancym qacvovy: LI-ClnocaeAosaTeabnbfi
25 F; L2-C2-- napaaaeabnfi 25 F; L3-C4-- nocaeoaTeabbI 25,5 F;
L3-C3napaaaeabnfi 50 F. KonAencaTopbI C1 n C4 ovAeagmT Kenn
3aHTM OT Kenefi Bo36yxeHH $ nCKaqeHH XOOSHHTebHOFO
Marnqsang cepAennxon T1 n T2 HOCTOHHMM TOKOM, pe3ncvop R orpa,
nqaeT npoTegam TOK npn MeTaaaqeCKOM K3 n onofi TOe. p
eKTpOMamHHHOM Bo36ymen anaaornqnble yHKKHH BMnOSngT
qenble n uenb 3axNa 4 KOMnaeKva K3P-3 aeMeTbl C1, R1, L. Pa3pg-
n FV ymv Aaa aamv n3MepTeabnOfi en KOMnaeKTa npn nO3nK-
nosen nepenanpamefi.
Haaomenfi wo HMeeT ABe cocvasaamme--axvstym n eMKOCTHy,
onpexeaaeMbm 3HaqeM aKTnBnOrO gonTsaeHn 3oaaann n eMKOETb
ene nos6ymAeng OTHOCHTeabHO 3eMa. YponeHb H30aaKnn xapaKTepH3y-
eTCa 3naqenHeM aKTHBHOfi COCTaBaefI TOKa, Xa ee nAenn n yeT-
pofiCTBe K3P-3 npnMenaerca CnMMeTpqttaa KoKeBa a3oqCTBnTeab"
naa CxeMa c XByM BxoxaMH, npH KOTOpO Ha OH BXO OT BTOpHqHo
O6MOTKH TpancopMaTopa WOKa TA c AeaHTeaeM anpameng R2-R3 co
cpeanefi TOqOfi oaeTca naaomennbfi TOK 25 FU, a Apyro BxoA C ana-
aOFHqHMM AenTeaeM 4R-5R noAaeTC nanpgenne 25 F c ov&enbax
rpy3oqnx O6MOTOK UF.
CaoqyBCTBnTeabnaa cxeMa COCTOT n3 OAOB VD2--VD5,
HbX pe3ncvopoB R6--RIO, peryanponoqnfi pe3ncTop R9 caymnw a 6aaam
CHpOBaHH ўXeM, q6M pn noxaqe Ha ee BXO OAHOfi H3 cpaBHHBaeMMX
Eeanqn TOK B narpy3ge paBnaca nyam. Harpy3Ka c ncnoannTeabM pe-
ae K smna a nbmoAbI OV cpeAnx TOqeK eaneae anpnmenn.
Hanpmenne na a3OqyBCTBHTeabnOfi cxeMe o UFynpaBaammee
(OTKpRBaeT n 3agpRBaer AHOXR oxnoro naeqa). Ho aeanqnne ono 3a-
HTeabHO 6o.qbme, qeM ynpasageMoe nanpamenne OT BTOpOfi
TA, KOTOpOe opeAeeT npoanne TOKa qep oA 30TKpMTRX HO-
§ 12.1 YCTpOaCraO 3aUUTbt Or 3abttcauu ua 8e.Ato 9

30O
HaaOca cnequabubtx yVTpO[lVT8 P3 Pa. 12
PV
PHc. 12.2. CxeMa HacTpOhKH
CI-L qbHLTp a KOMneKTa
K3p-3
Peae nOCTOHHOrO ToKa KLI, KL2 H KT npoBepIOT B COOTBeTCTBHH
C yKa3aHHgMH 3aBo)Ia-H3rOTOBHTeJ]g, pene KLI, BKJ]IOqeHHOe Ha CTa6HJ]H3H"
pOBBHHOe Hanps>KeHHe, )IOnKHO cpa6aTSIBaTb npn HanpRKeHHH He 5oaee
45 B.
Hposepcg HaCTpOtKtl '.IaCTOTHbtX /pUbTpOO, KaK npaBnnO, npoH3BO-
ST, ecnH 5mnH BbBnea cymecwBeaame ebem, cB3aaame c ocnaS-
31eHHeM Kpeno2enHs FIJIaCTHH m3]HXTOBaHHblX cep)leqmKOB pocceaefi Hag
3aMeHRJIHCb OTenbHbIe KOHIeHCaTOpbL H8CTpOfiK8 O6S3aTeJIbO BeleTCS
,4epe MaFHHTHbI!?I le'IHTe3]b tlaCTOTbl np.n nolaqe Ha Hero HOMI41IS'IbHOFO
HanpsKeHH H C KOHTpOJ]eM qaCTOTSI nO qaCTOTOMepy, l-[oTpe6eHe ilenH
III4TaHI4S 55 B.A, nOgTOMy ecaH Ins npoBepKH HCnOJ]b3yeTcs reHepaTop
'aCTOTM, OH lOJ]ZxeH o6ecneqIBaT5 Heo6XO)MyO MOUIHOCTb 6e3 cyuleCT-
BeHHSIX nCKa>KfiHnl.
KOHTyp CI-L KOMFIaeKTa K3P-3 HacTpaHBaeTC npH napaanenbno BKaIO"
qeHHSIX Ha 33AKHMSI 4-8 pe3HcTope COFIpOTnB3]eHHeM ]0 KOM n KOHeHCaTO-
pe eMKOCTbIO I MKdP nO pacnpeleJeHHm H3npgKeHHfi Ha CI n L (pnc. 12.2).
llpn qaCTOTe nnTaHH;;I 50 FL[ HanpseHHe Ha KOH2eHCaTOpe C! 2O3DKIIO Ha
15 % npeBmmaw5 nanps}KenHe Ha )poccene L:eP000O)Mn3epe::DonfiPE°_"
BOIST BOnbTMeTpOM C conpoTnBaeHneM He Me / , ' "
nsMeHeHneM 3a3opa B cepeHnKe apoccea.
Pesonancnmfi gonwyp C3-L3, C4 mcnoMorawenbnoro ycwpoficma
nBaeTcs no cxeMe, noKa3aHofi Ha pnc. 12.3, a, Ha MHHnMyM noKasaHns
npsKenns BOnLWMeWpa PV npn qaCTOTe nTaHHS 51 FI H3MeHeHneM
pam cep)Ieunm{e )pocceas L3 (npn 143MepeIISx MmrlnHaMnepMewp PA n3
cxeMm ncKmoueH). Ho wofi Ke cxeMe, o npH qaCTOTe nnwanns 50 Ft no
MnnnMyMy WOKa B enn MeIy saAXI4M8Mn 8 KOMnneKwa K3P-3 n ACI-I Ha-
§ 12.1
YCTpOICTSO 8aUTbt or 8aabtgallt la 3e,t.a9
301

302
HaaOra cnet{ua/lbuot,g yCTpOCT8 P3
Paa. 12
12.1. O60a}iaqeHHg aaeMeuvon yCTpoflCTna aamnTbi
Tnua K3P-3
B cnpa- B cxeMax
3aBoa-
UF
TL I, TL2
VD1--
VD5
CI--C4
V1, V2
L
ITH ,
I--5
IC--4C
1CT, 2CT
P
IenH oHepaTHBHOFO
HOCTOHHHOFO TOKa
n cnpa-
KL1 1PIl
KL2 2PII
KT PB
K PT
SXI-- 1H--4H
SX4
IeHH BCHOMOFaTeBHOPO
cTpoflCTBa
B cnpaBoqm4Ke
B CXeMaX
8aBoa-
HaFoTOB!4Te
ACH B.V2
CI--C4 IC--4C
LI--L3 IL--aL
FV P3
 p H M e q a H H e. Ha 3aBOKCKO CXeMe peSHcTop HMeT RHpOBO HHAeK(
epeK 6yKeHllM 06oaHaqeHneM OT IR Ro 25R, Ha cxeMe pHc. 12.1 aHaornqH
pOBO
§ 12.2 Bnox-pene aau4urbt tuna 33F-1 303
12.2. BoK-pee 3auaTta Tnna 33F-1
Bo-peae 'ana 33F-1 npnMeHeTC a CxeMax 33mHTI OT 33MKfHHfi
Ha 3eMm B O6MOTKe eTaTopa reHepaTopoB MOHOCTb 160 MBT H 6oAee,
pa6ovammnx a 6oKe C TpancopaTopau npn Hanqnu  Hefiwpan o-
noHnTebnoro TpaHcўopMaTopa HanpflmeHnH. CxeMa noKmqeHnH 3au-
TbI K eHHM napnnH npnBeeHa Ha pC. 12.4, npnHHnnabHa cxeMa
KOMneKTa 6o-pee--na pnc. 12.5 [4, 5].
KOMneKT COCTOHT H3 ByX peae, o6ecneqnBammnx 3amnvy O6MOTKH
CTaTOpa 6e3 3oHm HeqyBCTBHTebHOCTH: pe$ MaKCnMaSbOrO HanpeHHfl
ocnoBnofi rapMonKn, KOTopoe pearnpyeT a anpmenne npOMUmenno
qaCTOTR n BKmqaeTC na anpmenne O6UOTOK TV1, coannx no cxe-
Me paaoMnyToro peyroannKa (pete o6neqnBaeT 3amnTy 895 %'
O6MOn CTaTopa CO ўTopoHm Caanx amBOOB),  pete anpmenn
TpeTbefi rapMonKn c vopMomenneM, npeaaaaqennoro an pa6oTu npn
3aMmKaRnn Ha 3eMm a63nan efiTpa3n  B 3oHe, re nepBoe pete ne o6-
.aaeT OCTaTOqHO qyBCTBTebHOCTb, '
Bxono CnTp aKcnManbnoro anpmenn R1-CI-T1-C2 nacTpo-
e na qaCTOTy 50 F n nMeeT na aTOfi qacToTe aKcnMaanoe conpoTnB3e.
ne, B aTOM cyqae 6obma qa nanpnmennn 3 Uo npnnomena K nep-
Bqnofi O6MOTKe TI, axonue 3amnM pete XT:8, XT: 11. Hpu
Aennn K bTpy nanpmen TpeTbefi rapMonnKn conpoTaaenne CnTpa
peaKO yMenbmaeTc, 6obma qacTb nanpmenn qaCTOTO 150 F npn
9TOM OKaauaaeTc npnaomeno K peacTopy R1; aarpy63enne peae npn
qaCTOTe 150 F n Bume COCTaBeT He MeHee 8 no OTnOmeanm K Hanp-
enu cpa6aTmBann npoMmmenno qaCTOTbI.
Hanpmene co BTopnquO 06MOTKn T1 BUnpMeTC, craBaeTC
KonecaTOpOM C3 u qepea peancTop naBno-ynenqaToro peryanpoBa-
nn yCTaBKU oaeTc Ha BXO ByxKaaoro ycnTe, co6paunoro
a Byx TpaaucTopax VTI, VT2. CTyneqaToe peryanpoaanue ycTaBK
15 : 12,5 : 10 : 7,5  5,0 B ocymTBaeTC naMeenneM na6opa peaucTopoa
R4--R7 a nepeKamqaTeae, peancTop R2 o6ecneqnBa n3aaym peryan.
poaKy B npee3ax nnanaaoa. no VD3, aKamqennfi a BXO
noro TpanancTopa VT2, ocneqnBaeT peefinu pemnu e pa6ovm, on-
aencaTop C4 y3yqmaeT nOUexoycTofiqnBOCTb peae. HcnoanTenfi opraa

304
HaaOra cnetuautx ycrpocre P3 Paa. 12
A
7V2
X
Pc. 12.4. Cxea noa-
wna 33F-1  nena
HanpgeHH
pete K1, BKJI}OqeHnbI! B enb goeKTOpa VT2, BblFIO,qHeH Ha 6a3e npoMe-
myTOqHoro pete PH-220.
I-IpHHLIHII :Ie!cTBnI BTOpOro pete, npeHa3HaqeHHoro JI pa6oTbI p
3MblKaHHH Ha 3eMam B6H3H HefiTpa, OCHOBH H cpaBHeHm Hanpxe-
nfi Tpebefi rapMOHKn Ha a3HblX BblBOaX reHepaTopa n B HefiTpaan
B HopMabHOM pexMe BeKTOpbI TpeTbefi FapMOHHKH HO KOHM
cTaTopa CO cTOpOHbI HefiTpaH UH n BblBOOB UB paBHbI nO BeHqHe
 HaxoflTC B npoTHBoa3e, nOTeHnaa HanpaeHHS TpeTbe rapMOHHK
 cepene OSMOTU reepaTopa paten nyam (puc. 12.6), T.e. U=U=
=0,5 E; Uc=O.
Ha BO pa6oe en (o XT:lI-XT:13 na pc. 12.5) noa-
etch eyMMa BeKTOpOB nanpnennffMoAyb IU+Ul; na axo
WopMoxenna (auaoAhI XT : 8-XT : 13)  uanpamenne tn[. B
UOM pex.uue (6e3 aamanna na aem) a o6oe cyuuapnoe nanpa-
eHne U+Un 6auaKo K uynm n HanpameHne TOpMO3HOrO KOUTypa Ha,
emH9 yepmnBaeT pene OT cpa6aBaHH.
p 3aMMKaH B eTpan HaflpmeHe Ha axoe TOpMO3HOrO KO-
ypa oTyTCTByeT, CyMpflo anpeHne pa6oqefi enu U+U[ CTa,
HOBTC' paBHMM Ea  pete naemHO cpa6aTbiBaeT.
pn 3aMMKaHnn a BMBOaX OHO n3 a3 anpne  CTflHO
BnTCfl paBHbIM Hy, HanpmeHn pa6oqnx n TOpMOaHOrO OHTypa B 9TOM
cyqae pnMepHo paBHM n ecTBne pete 3flBCT OT KOgeHTOB npO-
nopnoHabHOCTn HanpeHn KoHTypOB, BBOMbIX B CXeMy.  BbInO
HeHfl B opMaBHOM peMe ycoBfl U+UH} =0 HOMnHabHOe Hanp
eHne TVI, yCTaHOBeHHoro Ha BMBOaX reuepaTopa, omHo bITb; nep
BqHOh OMOTKCOOTBeTCTByM a3HOMy HOMHflBHOMy anpeHn
reHepaTopa, a BTOpHBIX O6MOTO, COenneHHMX B pfl3OMKHyTMfi Tpe
yrobn,- 100/3 B. HoMnaoe anpenne BTOpqnO OMOTK
12.2
20131
B.or-pe.e 3aV4UTOt tuna 33F-1
305

306 HaaOra cnetuam, nbtx ycrpoacre P3 Pa3t. 12 § 12.2 S.or-pee 3aU4UTOt runa 33Ј-1 307
pe3UcTopoH R23--R25 n gO/t2eHcaTopoa C9-Cll. On o6ecneqnBaeT auTaHne
aene CTa6rlnn3npoaaantaM HanpsmeHneM onepaTnaHoro TOK8: U6.7=12
1,2 B; UT. 82 B.
B 33F-1 npeycMowpena pa3enbna crnan3as cpa6awbmans
HCHOHHTebHMX pene KI n K2, KOHTaKTM KOTOpMX HCnOb3yTCS B cxee
CBeTOBO cnrnannaaunn as TnpaTponax VL1 n VL2. Hpn cpa6aTblaanHu
K1 aaropaeTca TpaTpon VL1 .<<KO), yRaaennoe OT nefiTpaan, npn cpa-
6aTaannn K2 aaropaeTc TnpaTpon VL2 <<KtO a6aa3n nefiTpaa.
HposepKa aaeKvpnqecKnX xapaKvepucvSK. Hpu BnemneM n BnyTpenneM
OCMOTpe HOMHMO BblHOaHeHHS O6mnX yKa3aHHfi no pa3. 1 one,yeT npoBe-
pHTb KpenaeHHe TOKOnOBOSHX KOnOOK: FHe3OBblX--K Kopnycy peae
H HOeBblX XT, XI H X2--K MoynSM pene.
pH yCTaHOBKe Moynefi Ha MeCTO OHH OnHbl qeTKO BKCHpOBaTbC2
B pa6oqeM noaomeHHH c nocaeymmM Kpe.neHHeM HX K Kopnycy yCTa-
HOBOqHMH BHHTaMH. B KOMnaeKTe 3anacHx qsCTefi K peae HMeeTcS mHyp
FH6KO CBS3H, o6ec.eqHBaDH npoBepKy Moyaefi BHe Kopnyca; nepe
HCnOnb3OBaHHeM mHyp8 ero caeyeT npoBepHTb Ha COOTBeTCTBHe ene VHe3-
OBOFO BXO8 HOmeBOMy BMXOy. pH nOKaDqeHHH BHemHHX CBS3efi K 3a-
HMaM pene, HSXOSHMC2 Ha eFo 38Hefi CTOpOHe, HeO6XOHMO 06paaT5
BHBMaHHe H8 pacnonoeHHe H HpOBOe O603HSqeHHe 38HMOB (CM. pile.
2.4).
pH npoBepKe H3OaSHH ene peae MeraOMMeTpOM cneyeT .peABapH*
TenbHO OTCOeHHHTb seMa B ensx pa3enHTeabHblX IoHeHCaTOpOB C9,
C12 (CM. pHC. 12.5) onepaTHBHOrO TOKa (CHaTb nepeMqKy Mey 3aH-
MaMH XT:7, XT:9); O6%eXHHHTb BMXOXHble 3aHMbl pene no ensM
npseHHS XT: 8, XT : II, XT :13; O6%eHHHTb BTOpHqHe O6MOTKH TI,
T2, T3 c enaMH oepaTHBSOrO TOKS, aS 9TO Heo6xOXHMO SaKOpOTHT5
Memy co6ofi BCe HaKaaKB Ha aHeBblX naHensx o6onx MoAynefi n COeXH-
HHTb HX C BblBOaMH pene XT: I(+); XT:5(--). poBepsmT conpoTHBae,
HHe H3OnSKHH Mey o6%eHHeHHMH KensMH Ha.pseHHs- uenSMH one-
paTHBHOFO ToKa H conpOTHBneHHe H3OnSHH KSO KenH OTHOCHTeabHO
3eMnH npH MoAyasx, yCTaHOBneHHblX n 38HKcHpoBaHHblX B pa6oqeM
OeHHH.
pH npoBepKe 6noKa HTaHHs onepaTHBHNX Kenefi caeAyeT, npoBe-
pHTb Ha.pseHHe CTa6HnH38HH CTa6HnHTpOHOM VI H Ha.pseHHe CMe-
meHHS Ha oAax VD5, VD6. pH H3MeHeHBH HaHpS)KeHHS nHTaHHS OT
HOMHHaabHOFO O HanpseHH2 B npeenax I0+20 0/0 OaHO 6bITb
US. 7 =12I,2 B; UT,S2 B. poBepKy H perynHpoBKy
opraHOB KI H K2 .pOBOaT npH BMHyTNX H3 Kopnyc8 H .OaHOCTbD
qeHHMX MOyx. TOK npH .poBepKax nOXSDT Ha 3amHMM 6-4 Arts pene
KI H 6-21 Xas pe K2 npH CHTX HaaKax 4-5 H 21-22, pac.onomeH-
Hx Ha nHeBblX naHeasx; TOK cpa6aTbIBaHHs yCTaHaBnHBaT paBHblM
16.8 0.8 MA.
pH noKaqeHHH MOyae (mHypoM FH6KOfi CBS3H) npoBepsmT pa6oTy
THpaTpoHoB cHrHanH3SHH H eCTBHe KHOnKH <<C6poc CHFHaBa.
pH HacTpOKe yCTaBKH cpa68TblBaHHS pene HanpseHHS HepBo rap-
OHHKH npH nOaHHOM onepaTHBHOM TOKe HsnpseHHe qSCTOTO 50 
OT peryaHpOBOqSOrO yCTpOCTBa TUV nosmT Ha samHM pene XT: 8-
XT : II (pHc. 12.7). ps npoBepKe HymHe KO BTOpHqHMM 06MOTKaM TpaHc-
OpMaTOpOB HanpsmeHHS TVI, TV2 .poBoa Heo6xoHMO OTCOeHHHTb,
qTO6bl He HOSBHaOCb BMCOKOe HanpseHHe Ha HHax reHepaTopa 3a CqeT
20*

308 Hanadxa cnet4uanbnbtx ycrpotcr8 P3 Pa311. 1-2 § 12.2 Bnor-pene 3aUuTbt tuna 33F-1 309
o6paTnofi TpancqbopMaLIn TpancqbopMaTopam nanpaxena. CnKcattmo
cpa6aTbIBaHH BellyT no nallnKaTopaofi aaMne, rlO11KJllOqeHHO!l H8 BblBO111t
K1 XT : 10 a XT : 12, rum npn MeaennoM
paTpony. Hanpmenae UpperyaapyoT cTynennaTo pe3ncTopaMn R4--R7
n nzasno R2. KoqbqbauaenT so3BpaTa k>0,8.
Flpn 3HaqltTeqbHOM OTJlllqltlt Ucp OT yCTSBKIt nHorlla Tpe6yeTca npoaa-
secTn nacTpofiy sxotnoro qbnJmTpa R1, CI, T1, C2 (CM. pac. 12.5) aa
qaCToTy 50 Fit. Flpn HeI43MeHHOM rio BeJIItqItHe
nxote XT : 8-XT: 11 nepeMemenaeM arnaTnoro ,,,ynTa n3MenmT
TannOCTU T1. BOaUTMeTpOM, sJnonenaM na STOpnnyo O6MOry T1, dpnr.
cpyT MaKClIMyM Hanpnmennn Ha 3a:hKllMaX 3-2 npn BBellennofl HaKJlaj/je
1-2  HalleTKHO 3aKpenJIffK)T B TOM noaoKeHa IIIyHT.
Pac. 12.7. Cxea HacTp0fi-
 peze aer,aznoro
ToKa nCpBo rapoHaKa
6zoK-pee 33F-1
Ecnn Tpe6yeTc npoBepnTb pa6oTy ycnnnTea, TO npH OTCyTCTBI414 BXOJI
Horo cnrHa3a, orlla VT10Tpr, U<0,3 B (aanpnmeHne 9MnrTep
oz3eKrop); orlla VT2 3aKpu, U>10,5 B, U,>0,15 B (Hanpzmegne
6a3a--MaTTep); npa n3MepeHnnx (+) npa6opa no11moqaor K BUSo11y
paolla, yKa3aHnoMy nepBIM. FIpn cpa6aTumaaan pene orlla VT1 3aKp%
U>10,5 B; Korlla VT20TpUT, U<0,15 B.
l-Iponepy pene HanpaKeHnz TpeTueii rapMoHaKn e OpMOmeHneM (p-
e HTF) BbmOZHaOT n 11a rana:
a6opaTopHaa nposepKa pa6OTOCnOCO6HOCTn pene;
HaCTpOfiKa pa6onefi yCTaBKH Ha pa6oTammeM reHepaTope.
l_[eb Jla6OpaTOpHO npoBepKH--BbIBHTb BO3MOHbe I]OBpe11eHl, ll
yCTpOCTB8 14 nonyqHTb 11aHHble, HeO6XORIIMbIe npn HaCTpOKe yCTaBKI.
FlpoBepKy HaCTpOfiKH Ha pe3oHarlcHyo qaCToTy 150 FI pa6oqe C13-T,
II TOpMO3HOffl C14-T3 ttenefi peae FIpOBOI$1T paalleasHo nprl OTKIOqeHIOM
OnepaTHBnOM TOKe. HanpsTKeHHe nHTaHHs I--5 B OT 3ByKOBOFO reHepaTopa
II011aIOT COOTBeTCTBeHHO Ha BXORHble 3allMbl pene: pa6oqe enn
XT : ll-XT : 13, TOpMO3HOfI --XT : 13-XT : 8. as ItCKJIIOqeHHI B3altMHOrO
BUHUU tenefi np npoBepge paSoqefi uen pa3ubiKalOT HaKa11Ky 12-13,
np npoBepKe TopMo3HOfI IЈerIlt- HaKJ/a11Ky 9-10. I-IotllepKaa HeH3MeI-
Uofi BeUqUHy uanpuseHnu Ha aXOte, reHepaTopoM It3MeHOT qaCTOTy
TSHH B npelleax 150-----50 F. FIo UaKCliMaJIbHOUy 3Haqem rlola3aHltl
BObTUeTpa, BKmqeHHOrO Ha BTOpUquym OSMOTKy TpaHcqbopuaTopa T 2
r T3, H3MepIIOT HanpseHne Ug_II HJ/H U2.14 1 qbnKcpymT pe3OHaHCHym
r-IaCTOTy, KOTOpal 11031:. Ha 5bITb 150±6 F. FIp npoaepKe HeoSxo111tMO
nOJmaOBaTb aOabTUeTp C BbICOKHM BXO11HbIM conpoTnBaenHeM, npoBepueuMe
TpaHcqbopMaTOp T2 n T3 11ob Haxo11nTBCU B penue uarpy3gn,
ero IeoSxo111tuo yCTaHOanTb nepeublqKH 9-10 nn 12-13.
npn 11aliHOfi npoBepKe cnellyeT H3MepI4Tb HanpsKeHHe U15.16 H U16.I 7 Ha
BbIXO11e BbIIIpIMMTebHblX MOCTOB VD2  VD3, MaICMMabHOe Hfnpl:eHHe
Ha HIIX COOTBeTCTByeT TOI <e pe3OHaHCHOfi qaCTOTe. Flpa HeO6XO1114MOCTII
nO11CTpOfflK8 Ha pe3OHaHCHylO qaCTOTy OCylJ/eCTBqSeTCI II3MeHeHHeM HH11yK-
TBHOCTn T2, T3 npH nepeMereHHH Hx MarHaTHOrO UyHTa.
l-lpoBepKy MHHHMaqbHOFO HalTpI}KeHHI cpa6aTbBaHrS npll OTCyTCTBHI
TOpMOKeHHI npOBORST npl4 I]o11aHHOM onepaTllBHOM TOKe 14 Hanps:4eHrll4
HHTSHHI qaCTOTOI 150 FIL
HanpsKeHHe cpa6aTblBaHHI pene HTF, ll3MepeHaOe Ha BX(11HblX
MaX XT:II-XT:I3, 110qtHO 6MTb He 6onee 0,3 B npH pa3OMKHyTOh
KaaRKe 12-13 n nOqHOCTblO BBelleHHOM pe3acTope R26. qTo6bl BBeCTH RaH-
HbI pe31ICTOp, ero ocb cneRyeT noBepHyTb 110 ynopa IO qacoBol cTpease,
B 9TOM cnyqae U15.16 --U18.16i.
Caelyev 3MepT5 TaK}Ke nanps}KenHe cpa6aTbmanHs B 9TOM pe
Me np qaCTOTe 50 FI 14 no nOJlyqeHHbIM pe3ybTaTaM onpelleaHTb oqbqbH-
IHeHT ocna6neHr qbHJIbTpOM Hsnps}KeHH IIpOMblUlneHHO qSCTOTbI
k = Ucp 50 FU/Ucp 150 Fu,
kў 110nTKen 6bTb He H}DKe 25, 06bltlHO OH paBen 25--30.
FlpoBepKy cpa6aTblBaHI:a peae npg KOaqbqbgLlHeHTe TOpMO:KeHHI kr=l
npootnr npa aCTOre Hanpn,xeHan naraHan 150Fit no cxeMe, npnellea-
Hob Ha pac. 12.8.
1-IO)I KOgHIII4eHTOM TOpMO}KeH,S B COOTBeTCTBHH C 38BOICKOI 11oKy-
MeHTalIl4e!7l FIOHI4MaTCI OTHOtlIeHHP. p86oqerO HsnpsKeHnl K TOpMO3HOMy,
KOTOpbIe n3Mepesa s MOMeHT cpZ6ZTaaHns:
k,r = UX7 : I1-XT: 13/UxT :8.XT : 13 .
FIpacTynaa npoaep.Ke, npetBapaTeabHo caellyeT rloJInOCTbIO aecTn
peacTopbI I726 Kn I?,27 (OCb pe3ncTopa I727 rleO6XO,nMO noaepnyTb 110
ynopa npOTIB qaCOBOfi CTpeJIKII), B TOM czyaae co6nlollaeTC ycaoae
U18.16 = U15.16 g U20_I6---UI7.16. PeryapoaoqaaM TpSHcqbopMSTOpOM
TUVI yCTaHaBJIHBalOT JIIO6Oe qbnKcllpOBaliHoe 3Hatlelille pa6onero aanpn-
>KeH!iI UTX:I3.TX:I I B npelle3ax OT 1 110 ]0B n npoaepnOT, qTO6bl
pene K2 cpa6OTaJIo. 3aTeM rlOBbltllalOT TOpMO3HOe HanpKeHne peryJmpo-
BOqHbIM TpaHcqbOpMaTOpOM TUV2 11o 31iSqeH!il 66ZbLUero, qeM yCTaHOB-
eHHOe pa6oqee, n qbrllcHpyloT Bo3BpaT pete K2. I-IJIflBHO yMeIbIllalOT

HaaOna cnetuabubtx ycrpocT8 P3 Paal. 1 § 12.2 Baor-pee 3av4uTol tuna 33F-1 311
TOpMO3HOe nanpuKeHUe npn HeI43MeHHOM paSoqeM n onpeAeЈmT 3HaqeHH
TOpMO3HOrO nanpennn UXT:8.XT:13 B MOMeHT cpaSaTBauna.
HpH k= 1 U3MepenHOe TOpMO3HOe HanpeHne He AOHO OTaTb-
C OT ycTanoBnennoro paSoqero 5oee qeM na 15 %. OSeM aSopavopuo
npoBepKu na STOM 3aKanquaewcu, pene nOmWOBЈeno K npoBepKe no
rpy3gofi. HnorAa a npoeKwx ycwaaKax, noAwaepmennx cny5ofi P3A,
3aamT TpeSyeMfi k--nacwpofiKy ero npoH3OUW nO npnaeenuofi
me MeTOAHKe H3MeHeHeM COnpOTHBenH pe3HcTopoa R26 n R27.
Hpncwynan K npoaepKe pene 33F-1 paSouM nanpnmeuneM, USXO-
HMO npoBepnTb BMHOHeHne enefi HanpmeHn TV, yCTaHOBeHHMX na
BBIBOaX n B Hyde reHepaTopa, npoKoHTponpOaaTb, qTO6M
3a3eMeHue BO BTOpqHX enx TV 6bInO yCTflHOBeHO B OHO
Ha 3flMe pete XT : 8. 3-3a HeBO3MOHOCT TOqOrO pacqeTa OTnOCn-
TebHOrO eMKOCTHOrO conpOTHBeHH CeTn reHepaTopHoro HanpeHnfl
Z onO onpeeeTc npH HaaKe g cyq OTCyTCTB 3aMKaHH
Ha 3e B 9THX enx  np KCnyaTaOHHOM ypOBHe COnpOTBeHff
30ffa. O peKOMeHaEffM BHHH9  Toro np nyCKOBIX
TaHHffX TypSoreHepaTopa c nOUeHHIM 6OqHbM TpaHcopMaTopoM
 TpaHcopMaTOpOM CO6CTBeHHMX Hy Ha XOOCTOM xoy np
H3bHOM anpmeHHa  yCT3HOBeHMX HaKaK3X 9-0 H 12-13 3Me-
pT HanpmeHHe Ug.]l H Ui2_14:
 = u,.Tu9.,,.
OCHOBHbIM napaMeTpOM, onpeeHM BbI6Op cpaSaTaff Zp,
ffB3ffeTCff KOgHHeHT HaeHOCTH , Hana3oH H3MeHeHHff KOTOpOFO O
kamn O km pacCqHTbIBaeTCff nO npHBeeHHOMy BbIpaeHH
'/ , +
Ucpl
Z* 1 -- 4Ucp t
 100
ku = k max,
4Ucp
100
rAe Uepl ycTaua cpa6aTUaHgn pete nepsofi rapMOHHKn, B;
MepeHHbfi ZOgeHT oca6aeHa gabTpOM HanpnmeHng
HOfi ffaCTOTR (ecg n3MepeHHe He gpO3BOAgOCb, kO
25--30).
oen 6bITh kn3, C yCTaaKofi cpa6aTbman on cB3a ceymmn
BpaeHeM:
UI2-14
* -- B MOMHT cpa6aTbIBaHn.
r,e Zep U9-11
PaccnvuBaa rio qbopMyae krn, n k.a, onpeew Zpmi n
 Zpmax; pH BbI6ope ycTaBKn AOamHo BOHffTbC ycaoBne
cpmln  cp Zcpmax"
Ka npaaao, ycTanamaamT Zp, 6au3oe  Z:pmi n, Pene HTF
 aaancnMOCTn OT Zcp MeeT pa3qnbm aoabI 3amnTbi O6MOTKn CTaTopa:
npn Z:p>l pete HTF MeeT Aae 3on:
OT nefiTpa g sbmoAaM c 3anTOfi aCTn OSMOT renepaTopa, ope-
aeaeMofi no ўopMyae,  npouenTax Bcefi O6MOTKH, npnuMaeMofi 3a
1?0:
1
2  1/Zcp 100;
 auaooa g nefiTpan c 3aHTOfi qaCTn O6MOTK renepaTopa, onpe-
eazeMofi no ўopMyae, a npouenTax scefi oSoT U aC CeTb reHepa-
wopnoro nanpnmenn
1
a -- 100;
Z*
2--1/ cp
npu Zcp<l peae HTV nMeeT oAny 3ony pa6oT renepaTopa, KoTopa
opeeaneTcn no ўopMye a npouenTax OSMOTn
1
a -- 100.
2  l/Zcp
Hpu nenocpecTsenofi naCTpOfiKe ycTaaKn Z:p yposenb peryupoaa,
n uapen pagoefi en pe3cTOpOM R26 n nanpen TOpMO3,
nOfi ueu peancTopoM R27 onpeeeTc pa6oqM  TOpMO3HM
ueuTaMn peryupoaaun (COOTaeTCTaeUuo Kp., Kp.):
Us. U.i
Kp.p-- U15.16 , Kp.-- U17.16
3 aTX abpaennfi c onpeeennMn onymennMn MOHO nOyqnTb
gp.
N-- U2°'6U5"6-- Z*  "
Kp.p U17.16U18.16  Zp
Hpn npnnTOM Z:p acmv OTnOmene
N Kp.  1

312 HaaOxa cnetuabUbtX yCrpoacra P3 PaI. 12
Eczn NI, TO peancTopoM R26 ycraaaBJmBar K.p=l, r. e:
U{8.16=UI5.16 , peancTopoM R27 ycTanaBZUBamr UIT.16=ZcpU20.16 , rag
KaK K.=I/Zp=U.6ZU7.6. Eczn me N>I, TO peatCTOpOM R27
ycTanaBznBamT Kp.p=I, T.e. U20.16= U17.16, a peaacTopoM R26--
ycTanaanBamT U18.16ZcpU15.16 .
Hpoaepx COOTBTCTBH ffoyqeHHOrO 3HaqeHn k aacTpOeano
yCTaBKe Z*
cP :
Z U12.14 U15.16 U_16
k n -- =  •  3.
Zp Ug.ll U18.16 U17.16
oce 3aBepmeHH perynpoBaHnn yCTaBK peKOMeHyeTc OT
poqnoro yCTpOfiCTBa npn qacoTe 50 F npoBecTa a3eHeaae
cpa6aTBaHnn peze HTF n yx pemnax:
.npH noaqe HanpgeH UXT:II.XT:I 3 H paaOMKHyTo aaKaKe
12-13;
np oaqe HanpeHH UXT:ll.XT:I 3 H 3aMKHyTO HaKaKe
12-13, KQra na-za napazzezbo enn C14-T3; C1, T1-RI npncyTCTy-
eT eKT TOpMOenn.
UozyeHne npa aTOfi npoBepKe peaybTaT nOaBOT B nepnoa Ke-
nzyaTaUaa 6mTpo n o6eKTnBHO npoepnTb ncnpaaOCTb peze. Upn npo-
BepKe HeO6XOHMO CO6ZaTb TeXHHKy 6e30aCHOCTH, qTO6b HCKqHT
noaay Hanpaeana or npoBepOqHOrO yCTpOeTBa na BTOpHqHe O6MOT-
Kn TpaHcOpMaTOpOB HanpnmeHam
12.3. BaoK-peae rana KPC-2
§ 12.3
Bstox-pe.ae tuna KPC-2
313
Pac. 12.9. CxeMa BKJIIOqeHHg KOMnJ'IeK-
Ta KPC-2 Bo BTOpI4qHble KeIIH TpaHc-
qbopMaTOpOB TOKa li HaIlpg>KeHHI
a
peHnbix B pa3. 8 IICTaH!.[HOHHblX Op-
raHOB KOMrIJIeKTa KPC-I c orIOJHIiTeJbHbIM KOHTypOM IIOnliTKH, KaK
y peJIB /Z KOMH3IKTOB 3-2 (pc. 12.11).
TaKoe
3H3KHX K3 B pemHMe peae HanpaBeHng MOmHTH, g pacmapena
O3MOmnOCTn npMenea  npeoTpaenna 3amx cpa6aTbmanfi
or TO,On aarpy3a npeAycMovpeno noynenne aaanvanecofi xapavepi-
CTaa a cMemenae xapavepacva n III napanv, CMemene OCTaraev-
c BBeeHneM B pa6oqnfi KOHTyp CXeMm cpaBHenn ononnveabao C,
nponopaaonaabnofi TOKy. CTyneaaaTy peryaapoay cMemenaa 0--6--12
20% 2r
ZnTqeCKO xapaKTepacTna npoaaBOAar naMenenneM
pltqo O6MOTKH TAV1 pa6oqero KOnTypa neeKzqaTeaeM SX1.
cayqa HaH6oabmefi yCTaBKH cMemeann 20(18)o AOnOaHHTeabHO B Top-
MO3HO KOHWyp czeyeT BBOaTb pe3acTop R14 HaaKo SX2.
O603HaqeHH OCHOBHbX 3eMeHTOB pete conpOTnBeHnfi KOMOKTOB
NPC-2  KPC-1, 3a CKZmTeHneM HoMepOB HaKzaROK, COBnaaamT. B CBn-
3r[ C WeM qwo B 3aHTe 6OKa CnOb3ymTC TObKO Ba pete gOMeKwa,
pa6owamne 6e3 nORnnTKn OW Tpewbefi a3, B TOKOBbX aennx KOMneKTa
czeayeT CHTb nepeMTKn 21-23, 29-31 n yCTaHOBnTb nX MerRy BBOa-
m 21-29-35, TH nepeKzmTeHaa nO3BOmw nOHOCWbm OWReHWb HeHC-
Ob3yeMOe peze KZ3 no TOKOBM enM (pile. 12.12). B aenax Hanpa-
enn czeyew CHaTb nepeMaKa 22-24, 34-36, 10-12-14-16, a coeaHa-
TeabnbIe npoBoa OW ene TV a, b, c OKqHTb Ha BbBOb KOMnTa
22, 28-30, 36; BUXOHe aenn peze caeyew .pa3ezawb, KZ1 eCTByeT
na Kl, KZ2--Ha K2.

;314 HaszaOta cnequa.aanotx ycrpogtcr8 P3 Paa,a. 12 § 12.3 B.ox-pe.e Tuna KPC-2 315
Prfc. 12.10. OrlepaTaBHble aenn KOMrbaeKTa KPC-2
Zcp  I(TA
Zcp'rr I(TV KTAn ' l
Pnc. 12.11. CxeMa peze corlpoTItBJIeHUt KOMrlaeKTa KPC-2

316 Has, aOrta cnetuasbnotx ycrpotcr8 P3 Pa3. 12 § 12.3 Botc-pese runs KPC-2 317.
xapaKTepnCTriKy, pacnooKennym B III n IV KBaIpaItTaX (pric. 12.13). CTIt pete a cTopony renepaTopa Heo6-
XOMO nepenaT npoBoa uene ha- .
  peH b n c Ha paaeMe XI (c.  =0,
 pnc. 12.12). HpOBO a3 b oTnanBa-
 a X1.2b n, nOMeHB npoaoa MeCTaMn,
TA 5 " yron MaKCHMaabHO qyBCTBHTeabHOCTH
H3MeHeTC O cpaBHeHn C yKa3aa-
I]  l_ HbIM B 3aBORCKO ROKyMeHTaR
180 ° npn coxpaHeHnn BKqeHH pe-
te OTHHTbHO BXOHbIX 3amnMOB
I a TO e nanpene Uc. qwoS
" nO BO3MOgHOCTn np6n3HW . K PC. 12.13. XapaKwepncTKa pe-
{ [  ,  270 °, naKaK SX5n SX6 paMbIKa-
T, HagaKy SX7 yCTaHaBHBaT a Јe KZ2 3anTb OT noTepn B-
nonomenne 80 °, npn TaKHX nepeKnm- 6ymennn renepaTopa
a). TebHOCT pete ., OCTraeT 265--
267 °, nonpn 9TOM MOeT HeCKObKO 60be onycw.MOrO OWqawbc OV
3aBOICKOfI MriHriMa3lbHaI yCTaBKa cpa6aTaann peae.
Bbmionenrie cMemellri xapaKTepriCTnKn B Ill--IV lCBa21paliTb
30ny, npOTnBOriO3]OKnyo rio cpaBnenrio c npe2yCMoTpennof CXeMOfi pete,
)lOCTriraeTcl pa36aJ]alicripOBKOfl COripoTriBlelirifi paSoriei'o n TOpMO3iioro
KOHTypOB ripn BK3lIOqeHriri B pa6oqri KOHTyp 21orionriTebaoro pe3ncTopa
Rc (prlc. 12.11). Pe314CTop MYIT-2, CoripOTriBJ'IHH KOTOpOro B ripeleaax
I--2,5KOM yTOqHIeTCI ripn Haa)Ke, BK3IIOqaeTCS rlO21 3aBO2CKHe BHHTbl
s rne3Ra BMeCTO HaK3la2KII SXI B riooKenrie 0 %, naKa2Ka SX2 yCTa-
HaBJIriBaTў$1 B riOJ'IOiKHri 0%, TOqHaS pery3]ripOBKa ZeM BblriO3IH$1TўI
pe3riCTOpOM RI3. B Cri,paBoqIlriKax 14 3aBOCKOfl 21OKyMeHTaLlari Ha renepa-
TOpbl 3HaqeHri X d n X d ripHBO)IITCI B OTHOCI4Te3lbHblX e21HHHIlax, HeO6XO-
riMble rlepBllqllble yCTaBKII Zcmn ri Zcp.n MOKHO paccqHTbIBaTb riO Opop-
yJIaM, OM,
2 x- 100 2
0,4Uo  Ua - 100
Zc'n = Srxo " ZcP'II -- Srto ( 1,1x d --[- 0,4Xd) ,
rAe Uao- HOMHHailbHOe Hap>KeHne, reHepaTopa, B; Sno--HOMriHaJIb-
HaS MOmtlOCTb reBepaTopa, B.A; Xd, X d --peaKTnBatae COrlpOTltBdleHrlS re-
tepaTopa  OTaOCriTebaX eAnhax.

318 HanaOtca cnequa.ntntx /ўTpOўTa P3 Paat. 12 § 12.4 B./tor-pe./te tuna PTqb.6M 319
MepHmT TOK, gOTOpRi ,IORHeH HMeTb HanpaB3eHHe Ha cpa6aTRBaHHe Hy3b"
HHIHKaTOpa.
B OHTe XX reHepaTopa p HOMHHabOM HapHe npOBepmT
B pacceKe SX4 MaKCHMa,rlbHblII TOpMO3HOII TOK, HeCpa6aTBaHHe HCHO-
HHTebHOrO pete KI. I-IpoBepKH, HpOBeleHHe HpH CHTaHHHX reHepaTo-
pa B yga3,aHHO o6%eMe, I"I03BOJI[IOT 1"IpH pa6oTe ero HOI HarpyaKofi
CBeCTH ocelymme HpOBepKH g MHHHMyMy H orpaHHqHTbCH TO,rlbKO CHfl-
THeM BeKTOpHOI IHarpaMM ieHefi TOKa OTHOCHT,rlbHO eef
a, b, c, olselex g gOMl'IleKTy KPC-2.
12.4. BaoK-peae Tana PT-6M
B HaCTOHulee BpeMH mHpOKO BHeApeHR B SKcnayaTaRm MOUlHRe Typ-
6oreHepaTop c HeocpEACTBEHHMM oxaAeRReM 06MOTOK. TH reHepa-
Top xapaKTepH3ymTC Ma30 neperpy3oqHo CHOC06HOCTbD, Oc06eHHO
p pa6oTe B HeCRMMeTpHqRX peRMaX. oycTMa 3HTebHOCTB
CRMMeTpRqRoro peRMa opeAeaeTc 3 BRpaeH
to n = A/I,
re 1.2--gpaTHOCT TOKa o6paTHO HOCeOBaTebHOCT no OTHOmeHH
K HOMHHabHOMy TOKy reHepawopa; A  nocwontla Be3HqHHa A3 reHe-
awopoB auuoro Tuna: n wypSoreuepawopoB TB 15; TFB, TBM,
BB (poMe TBB-1000-4   TBB-1200-2)  8; TBB-1000-4
n TBB-1200-26. B yezosanx nepexonoro npoecca npa necaeTpnq-
HX K3 T0K 06paTnofi HoceAOBaTe3bH0CTn M0eT n3MeHffTbCff B0 BpeMe-
HH. HpH U OnyCTaMa HTebnOCTb ero TeHOBOFO efiCTBH opee-
eTC cpeHeKBapaTHqHMM 3HaqeHHeM 3a BpeM
1 l2t dt .
0
HOCKOZy neperpy3Ka renepaTopa  HecneTpnqHX penax 
ueCnMMeTpnTHX K3 3ancnT T0bK0 0T TOKopacnpeeeHn 06pafH0fi
HoceOBaTebHOCTH B CHCTeMe, BO H36eaHHe HoBpeeHH reHepaTop
03eH 6Tb OTS3qeH  BepsOfi BpeMeHH, He npeBmamefi
wy yHK  BOHflef f0KOBafl 3amfa o6pavHofi noceoaTebHo-
CTH C 3aBHCHMOfi HHTerpabHOfi xapaxTepcTKO BAepH BpeeHH TH-
na PT-6M.
CvpypHan cxeua 6o-pee npuseeua Ha put. 12.14. B COCTan
KOneKTa PTў-6M XOnT ceaymme eueeV:
6ROK HHTaHH , cRyaHfi A HHTaHH OCHOBHX opraHoB
peze H HX BXOHX peze CTa6HH3npOBaHHM HanpeHeM HOCTOOFO
ўflbwp TOga o6paTa ocooBaTebnocv TOH, npeo6paamnfi
necaewpam TOKOB Ha sxoe 6og-peze  nepeeHao Hanpgeane, npo-
nopoaaabnoe CHMMeTpHHM COCVaBmH 06paTHOfi noceoBavb-
axono npeo6paaymmee yCTpOCTBO BY, anpummee nanpge-

820 HaaOra cnequantx cpoc
PHc. 12.14. CTpyKvypHag cxeMa 6aoK-peae PTO-6M:
I--cnrnaa 0 neperpyaKe; II- cnrHaa 0 nycse opra]4a c aaB]4C]4MOfi lepKsOfi Bpe-
He]4]4; III--OTKaROqeHHe re]4epawopa OW opranoa c ]4e3aB]4cttMo BI)lep:gKO! BpeMe-
]4]4; IV- OTKJIIOqeH]4e reHepaTopa c 3aBI4CI4MO Bt,IjlepXiKO BpeMeH]4
PHc. 12.15. CxeMa aenefi 6ўlOKa nHTaHHI PTO-6M
§ 12.4 Bnox-pe,e tuna PT-6M 321
143MeHeHHH HanplaieHHI nHTaHHH B AHanaaoHe 0T 0,8U.o Ao I,I
BO BCeM AHana30He pa6oqHx TeMnepaTyp. as 3aI_U, HThl KOHTaKTOB MaI'HH-
TosneKTpHqeCKHX peae OT nOBNIUeHHH HanpHaieHHS HCnO/Ib3yK)TCS CTa6H-
$1HTpOHbl VDI--VD3, BK;IIOqeHHSIe riOC;le)OBaTe;IbHO C pe314CTOpaMH R9,
RIO.
HpoBepKa riHWanHI 3aKYlIOtlaewcfl B nacwpofiKe ypoBHefi HanpHKeHHH
B KOHTpOYlbHbIX WOqKax pH rio)IanHoivl HanpHKeHHH 220B onepawHBHoro
woKa Ha 3aHiVI 40-4. HanpHKeHH, H3ivlepeHne BO3bWiVlewpoM nOCTOIH-
HFO WOKa C ]s.20KOM/B, O/IXiHSI COOTBeTCTBOBaTb )aHHhIM, npHBe-
eHHbIM HltKe:
MeCTO 40-! 28-111 28-VII 28-VIII 28-26 28-36
H3MepeHrlI 1
HanpHme- 754-0,5 214-0,5 19,5--20 20,5--21 24--30 7--8,5
HHe, B
OpraH pery- R50 R15 R23 R24 -- --
IHpoBaHHt
I 3ec. ]4 Aaaee 0603]4aqeH]4I BSIBOjIOB, ToqЈK H pa3%eMOB peae yKa3a]451 B COOT:
BeTCTB]4]4 C 3aBOACKOfl AOKyMeHTSI]4ei ]4 He BcerAa npHBeAeHbl Ha p]4CyHKaX.
1-Iepe) H3MepeHHeM HanpfIeHHfi tteo6xOAHMO 3aHM 40 coeXHHHTb
c woqofi II (OSMOTKa KL2).
CHIahTp voKa ofpavHOfi, nOC,,'Ie/toBaTeabHOCTH 4,TOH (pHC. 12.16)
COCTOHT Ha TpaHcqbopMaTOpOB TA1, TA3, TpaHcpeaKTOpa TAV2, pe3HCTO-
pOB R13, R14 H KonAerlcawopoB C8--C12. Tpancqbopawop TA1 OaHOfi n3
nepBHqHX O6MOTOK BKYIIOqaewcfl Ha TOK qba3bI A, a pyrofi O6MOTKOI?I,
nMeIoKefi B 3 pa3a Menbmee KOYlHqeCTBO BHTKOB,--B HyYleBOI?I rlpOBO
)IJII KoMneHcaILHH B/IHIfIHHR TOKOB Hy/leBOfi nOC/IeAOBaTe/IbHOCTH. TpaHc-
qbopMaTOp TA3 H Tp.aHcpeaKTOp TAV2 BKYIIOqeHbI Ha pa3HOCTb TOKOB qba3
B H C. BwopHqHbm O6MOTKH TA3 H TAV2 BKmOqeH BCTpeqHoAagTorO,
qWO6bI COBnaYlH nO qba3e HanpgKeHHe Ha eMKOCTHOfl Harpy3Ke Cll, C12
H C wpancpeaKwopa, t(aKag H3 3THX COCTaBHOrKHX paBHa nOBH-
He naIeHHH HanpHKeHHg B pe3Hcwopax R13, R14, COBnaIammero no qba3e
C TOKOM qba3R A. YIp-eHeHHe B KaqecwBe peaKTHBHX eMeHTOB eMKO-
cwefi H HH)XyKTHBHOCTH, COrlpOTHBYleHHH KOWOpblx, npHBeeHHe K nepBHq-
HOfi cwopoHe wpaHcqbopMawopoB, npH HOMHHaYlbHOfi qacwowe npHIMepHo
OXHHaKOB, rlO3BOYlIeT CHH3HTb He6aaHc H norpemnocwH qbHYlbwpa OT H3-
r.eHeHHH qacwowbl B npexenax _+_10 % HOMHHaYlbHOrO 3HaqeHHg. HacwpofiKa
4,TOIl Ha HIHHy neSaaHca npOH3BO)IHTCg nepeeHH pe3HcwopoM
R14, a KOMrieHCallrII yronofi riorpemnocwrl wpaHcqbopMawopa TA1
H WpaHcpeaKwopa TA V2--eMKOCTIMH C8--C10.
YlpH noaqe Ha 4,TOI'I woKa ripIMOfi riOCYle)IOBaWeYlbHOCWH aKTHBHafl
H peaKwHBHag cocwangIoKHe paBH H npOTHBOnOOKH no qba3e (pHc.
12.17). HpH noaaqe Ha TOll TOKa oSpawHofi rIOCgIeAOBaWeYlbHOCWH aK-
THBHaR H peaKTHBHaH COCTaBYI3IOIRHe paBHbl H COBrla)Ialow rio ўa3e, Ha
Bxoxe qbHnbwpa riOHBgewcg HanpgKeHHe, riporioprmoHaboe woKy o6paw-
nofi rioceAoBaTebHOCTH.
HacwpofiKa 4'TOll ripOHSBO)IHTCR npH HMHTaII, HH ABygqbaaHlax K3.
Hpn CnnTIX nepeasqKax 6-8 H 14-16 na qba3t,iAB, BC H CA nooqepeIno
noAaeTcfl TOK V'IoM. PaaHHlla Me:,KAy !I-laripIeIHIMH, HaMepeHHbIMH
21--131

322 HaaOra cnequabnbtx ycrpoacrH P3 Pa3l. 12 §.!2.4 ' ' Bor-pee Tuna PT-6M 323
Puc. 12.16. PHўIbTp TOKa o6paTHO HOCJIe)IOBaTJIbHOCTH PTў-6M
K BBICTaBaeHHIO HarlpI:,KeHHI Ha BBIXO)Ie MOCTa VCI (3aHMM 20-22)
B npeenax (600,5)B. nn woro HeoSxoMO peABapweabno panoM-
KHyTb epeMnKy 32-34 Ha xoe HwerpabHOrO opraHa, Ha 3aHM
40-4 oawb HanpneHe OCTOHHOFO WOKa 220B H Ha BXO
(3aHM 1-3) oaw WOK, paBHfi I .... PerynpoaHHe Hanpne-
HHff ocyecwBaewc pesHcwopaH RI5, RI6. a HSMepenH Hanpe-
HH HCnOb3yewc BOabWMeTp OCWOHUOrO WOKa C Rsu20 KOM/B
(MI200, M1201, M2038  p.).
HacwpofiKa bwpa-myHwa C6-L1 Ha acwowy 100 (120)FR npo3-
BOTC OT reepawopa HH3KOfi qacwow. 3 WOfi e3H Ha 3aHM
18-22 epe3 aaMnepMewp nepeMeHHoro woKa fipH pa3OMKHyWOfi nepe-
MqKe 18-20 nOBOTC HanpeHe acwowofi 100 (120) r. 3MeHeHHeM
BO3ymnoro 3a3opa poccea LI O6SaTC MaKcMabnoro noKa3an
MaaMnepMewpa.
PC. 12.17. BeKTOpHbIe HarpaMM @TOH:
a-np TOKe npgMo nocaeoBareabOCT; 5--npH WOKe o6paTO noceoBaTeab-
HOCTH
OpraHb c xe3aBHCHMOfi nAepxKOfi BpeMexX c06paH HO OAHOTHH-
HMM CxeMaM, pa33HqaHMC TObKO napaMeTpaMH HeKOTOpX pe3HCTO-
pore Ha pc. 12.19 npBeeHa ynpomeHna cxeMa crHaabnoro opraHa,
npecwaBamma co5o ewpexnefi MOCT ACDE, K WOqKaM A H D
Kowoporo HOBOHTC HanpeHe OW 6aOKa nHTaHH BH, a K WOqKaM
B H F--OW eawea HanpeHH c BbIxoa BHY (3aHMbl 20-22).
B arona3b MOCTa EC BKqeno MarHHTOg3eKwpHqecKoe peae K1 wHna
M237/054, O6MOTKa KOWOpOrO myHwpoaHa eMnpymmM pe3cwopoM
R24. ConpoTHBaeHH naeq MOCTa noo6pan TaKHM o6pa3oM, WO6 np
OTCyTCTBHH Hanpe a Bxoe BHY no O6MOTKe peae fipoxoHTOK
B TOpMO3HOM HanpaBeH, 3HaenHe Kowoporo perypyewc s npeeaax
50--100 MKA pe3HcwopoM R26. HoweHuHaa woqeK B H F noo6paH Ta-
KHM o6pa3oM, qWO U npu OTCyTCTBHU Hanpenu OW BHY UH OCTaTOq-
HO MaOM ero 3Haqeuuu ROR VD 3anepw u woK, upoxoHfi uepea
Hero, npeneSpeuMO Man. Hpu yBeauueu Hanpeuu c Bxoa BUY
HO VD5 Haquaew OWUHpawbc, a uo VD6 3auupaTbC. WOK B a-
roHau EC 3MeHHT uanpaBeHe u peae K1 cpa6oTaew.  u3eueus
21'

324 Ha.aaOKa cnequa.abnbtX ycrpoacro P3 Pa3l. 12 § 12.4 B.aoK-pe.ae tuna PTў-6M 325
8 f*
_ TL#
PIle. 12".18. BxoIHoe npeo6pa3o-
BaTeau, Hoe yCTpOICTBO PTў-6M
COBMeI/IeHHO! qaCTOTHO-HMnyJIbCHO! H aMnJIHTyHO-HMrlyJIbCHO! MoRyJIS.
R"". B pe3yabTaTe KOHeHCaTOp sapsHcaeTcs HMI'IyIbCflMH TOKa .e.sMeH.
HOfi npoonHCHTenbHOCTH, aMna.TyAa KOTOpbx npSMO nponopR.o.aaba,
fl .HTe-JIbHOCT5 .TepBaaOB Me>Ky .MnynbcaM. o6paTo np.onopRo.aas-
Ha OTHOCHTenbHOMy TOKy O6pflTHO nOCJIeOBaTeJIbHOCTH. I-IpH HOIeSHOBe-
H.S neperpyaK, no TOKy o6paTOfi nocneAOBaTenbHOCTH KOH]IeHCaTOp
peKa)qaeTcs ua pasps, ..T.pymm.fi oxazce..e re.epaTopa. Hanps-
!;:eI4Hў Ha gOHeHCflTOpe yMeHblIIaeTCI rio 9KCrIOHeHTў. BpeMH rIOJIHoro OXJI8-
)KAeHHS reHepaTopa COOTBeTCTByeT BpeMeHH CHHMKeHHI Hanpszceuu. KOH-
eHCaTopa OT Han6obmero 3HaqeHHff RO HyJg noce neperpy3KH, COOT-
BeWCTByOUef[ nopory cpa6awlaBaHHff HHwerpaabHOrO opraHa, T.e. IOCTH-
)KeHHO MaKCHMaCIbHO )IonycwnMoro HarpeBa reHepawopa. I-Ipu rlOBWOpHOfi
neperpy3Ke reHepawopa TOKOM o6pawnofi nocae)IoBawebHOCWH, BO3HHKIIIeI
O noaHoro pa3pffRa KO)IeHCaWOpa, HWerpabHbIfi opraH cpa60waew c
Menblllef[ BlepaKOfi BpeMenH, qeM nocJIe rlolnoro oxJiaaAeHu.
LIacTOTHO-HMnyJIbCHbII MOyffTOp npeo6paayew BXO)IHoe
HOe Hanpffee  ORHOnOffpHe HMnyYlbCbl nanpeHH npffMOyFOJIbHO
dpopMb nOCTOIHHUX a M l'iJIHTybI H
npoIoaKHTeJIbHOCTH, )I,IHTeJIbHOCTb na-
y3 eacly KOTOpIMn o6paTno nponop-
nnoHa3a XOaHOy HanpsaxeHnm.
3 HopMaabHOM pe:uMe llenH
anwerpaabHoro opraHa pa3opBaH 3a-
MbIKaIOmHM KOHTflKTOM nycKoBoro op-
raHa KL2. l-lpn lOeTnKennn TOKa O6-
paTHOfi rIOCYleOBaTeJIbHOCTH, OCTaTOq-
HOrO )I3] cpa6aTBanH nycKoaoro op-
raHa, rloccie)inHfl cpa6awBaew 
ew nanp:enHe rIHWanHfl Ha ttHM,
TOM )I!40)I VDII 3aKpBaewc. Ha-
npaeHue, nocwynammee OW BITY, OW-
KpOeW TOKOCTa6HўIH3HpylOMHII wpan3H-
cwop VT3  nO uen lol VDIO--
KoaaeKwop wpanaHcwopa VT3--
VD3 naqunaewc 3ap)I KonRencawopa
C1 5aoKa E2. Hanpaene na eMKOCTH
CI np HeH3MeHHOM WOKe aap)la yae-
aUqHBaewc no aunefinoMy aaKony.
PHC. 12.19. YnpouleHHa cxeMa
CHrnaJIbnoro oprana

326
HaaOtca cnequabnbtx ycTpocr8 P3
Pa3,. 12
§ 12.4 Box-pene tuna PTdp-6M 327
KOra raemenan qepe3 pe3rcTop R5 6y,aeT eme TOKa, yepasammero
rpan3acwop VTI  VT2  peaue acmenaa, ona 5aaroapn
o6pawnofi HOOHTeBHO CB3a nepexow B penM OTCeqKH. Becb K
nOBWOpewc.
Heanenocwb npeq6pa3oBaH OKa o6pawHofi nocaeoBawebocwn
B TOK 3apa KOeHcawopa C1, B3BaHHa aeeM nape
B Hoax MocTa  3aBeHMOCTb KOaeHwa nepean woKa MrIWwepa
OT 3aqenn woKa, KOMneHcHpyewc BBeeHeM aenH no3apna KOHeB-
CaTopa C10T TOqKH III eHTe3 onopnoro HanpeHH qep pe3acTop
R8. BaHe TOKa HOHHTKH BeaKO npa aax TOKaX o6pawHofi oce-
OBaWeabHOCW. TOK pa3pa C1, a caeBawebHO, H Bpen pa3pna He
3MeHTC. OTOMy mpnHa n aMnwha MnybcO Ha Bxoe MOy"
awopa nOCWOn. UWepBaa Mey MnyabcaM 3aBaCaW OW npeMen
3apa CI, gOTOpOe oSpawo ponopaoHaabHO 3apnOMy WOKy CI  WO-
Ky o6pawno nOCeOBaWebnocw. p Bo3spawe nyCKOBOrO oprna KOH-
encawop CI pa3paewca qepe3 KaaeHwoe conpowBaeHe BCefi cxe-
  panMbamne KOHTaKTM peae KL2.
HTerpaTop npecwaB,aew coSofi npeo6pa3oaweab BXOH0rO anpn-
meH OW q, nponopoHaboro TOKy o6pawofi nOCeOBaWebHOCH,
B Bepy Bpeea. DZOK mTerppymax KOHeHcawopo C2--C5
B 5aoge B2 3apnaevc nepe3 TOKOCWa6a3pymfi wpaH3CWOp VT4,
ynpananefi aanpeHe OT BHY aaaorno wpan3cwopy VT3
n AOH ZmaOM VD9 (5o BI), VDI (SaoK B2). nOHfi Eaton,
ynpaBzefi MyabcaM oyawopa, npeoSpanyew TOK KOaeKwopa
wpa3cwopa VT4 B nnyac 3apnoro woKa. Bo BpeMn nay3 wpaH-
cwop VT6 HacmeH, o VD90WKpblW  TOE KOeKwopa VT40TBOT-
C ep acbmeHHfi wpan3cwop VT6 g CWOqHaKy HwaH. B TO e
peMn o VDI 3agpw n 5aOK KoneHcaropo C2C50WKqeH OT
3apAofi uenm Bo speM Mayabcos Ha BxoAe qM aO VD9 3a-
gpbmaewc, a oa VD1 oTpsaeTcn  WOK KOaaegwopa VT4 3apnaev
Koencaop C2C5. B npouecce 3apsa Hanpnee KOHeHcaTOpOB
onmaewc  ora OHO npeBCW yposenb anpneHnn aa Ke no-
Teraoewpa R23, OWKpOWCg ObI VD2, VD3 6OKa B2  KOMMyWH-
pyme MybCbl, cnaMaeMe c qacw O6MOTK 6aor-renepawopa,
nocwynT Ha BXO wprrepa  BbI3oByw ero cpa6awBaHe. Pe3cTOpOM
R23, KaeHM B eWeb onopnoro nanpen R21--R24, eHn-
ewca BpeMa 3apAa 5aoga KOeHCaWOpOn C2C5, aWO B CBO onepeb
eAeT  a3MeteH yCTaBK O OCTOHHO A.
Hpn no3pae nycgonoro oprana KL2 KoeucaTop C2--C5 nepe-
KqaTcg Ha panpn nO aen o VD2--pe3cTop RlpanbKammae
KOHTaKTM pete KL2. ToK panpAa H3MeHeTC nO KCnOneHOHaabHOMy
3agony n MWpyeT oxzaee poTopa nocae ycwpaeH neCMeWpa-
Horo pennia. B HOpMabOM pee Ha KOHeacaTopax C2--C5 HMeeT-
C Haqaabnoe Hanpene 2--3 B, waK KaK 6OK KOnencawopoB nepe3
o VD4 noaaqeH  pe3cTopy R21 Aeznwezn onopHoro
Ha pc. 12.21 npseen rpaўK, nOnCHnme paSoTy qacwowHo-
nyabcnoro oyanwopa n awerpawopa.
aOKHr-reepawop BaeWCg CTOHKOM KOMMyTpyX HMyb-
COB. OH snoaHeH Ha Tpan3cwope VTT, BKaqeHHOM nO cxeMe c o6e
6a3ofi. Bo BpeMn nay3 oyawopa WpaH3CWOp VT7 3aKpw owpa-
WebHM cemene, nOaHHRM OW wpaH3Cwopa VT6 epe3 ao VD12,
o6oy anyzcaoro wpaHcopawopa TLI  pe3acwop R19, R20. Bo
Bpea anyabca oyanwopa VD12 3aKpMT OOHTebHM Hanpae-

328 Ha.aaOta cnetua.atubtx ycTpot'ICTO P3 Paa,. 12 § 12.4 B.aot-pe.ae Tuna PTq-6M 329
meM, a KOHReItcaTop C3 rlaqHHaeT aapKawbcg qepe3 pe3ncTopbl R17
n RIg. KorIa nanpnKene ua KOnIencawope C3 npeBCW HanpKeune
na cwa6nJInWpOHe VD14, wpaH3HCWOp VT70WKpbIBaewcI  3a cqew
WeYlbHOi oSpawnofi CBI3H Mey LenMg KOJIYleKWOpa H 9IgWTepa rem-
pnpyew ntnybc nepea nybcni WpaHCOpOpMawop TL1. f[Yl!4weJIbHOCWb
nnybca onpe)IeaeTc BpeeneM paapa Kog)iencawopa C3 nepe3 pe-
3ncwop R20, nepexoa 9MnTTep--6a3a TpaHatcwopa VT7 n HH,yKTHBHOCTb
wpaHcqbopawopa TL1. I-To OKouqaHU nMnyabca wparI3vlcwop VT7 3aKpbl-
aaewc I COBa Haqtgaew 3apKaTbCg KOg)IeHCaWOp C3. f[YllWeIbItOCWb
nayabI MeK)Iy tMnybcagu onpeeewc BpeMeHeM 3apa zonencaTopa.
B peKne nay3 iotyanTopa KomleHCaTOp C3 papKaevcn qepe
CTOp R19, auol VD12  wpaH3HCWOp VT6.
KL2
Put. 12.21. rpaqbnKn 3aHcHMOCTH
uc.c
BXO)IHO TpHrrep (6JIOg B3) noaHeu Ha TparIaIcTopax VTI
I1 VT2 c KOaCeKWOpHOfi t?,3 It aMHWWepHOfI R5 o6paTnOfi CBi3bO. B Hop-
abHOM peKUMe Tpan3uCWOp VTI OTKpbIT TOKOM cueeHU, nocTynau-
ulnt nepe3 KawymKy peae KL5, pe3ucTopR R9  R3, a Tpan3uCWOp VT2
3aKpw. Bo pe nay3 tIIdYi nepe3 uacRuleuufi TpaH3uCl'Op VT6, pe-
3UCTOp R2, RI, R3 H ;tuoI VDI, VD2 Ha 6aay VT1 nolaewc lOnOJI-
HHWeClbHbI WOK cteuleu, gOTOpI, I- 3arpy6JmeT wpurrep, nepeBol wpavl-
314CTOp VTI B peKHU ry6ogoro uacbuleuu. Bo apeMg utnybca qI4,l
OnOIHHTeYlbHbI TOK ctemeHH HcneaaeT H qyBCTBHTeYlbHOCTb Tprrepa
noBRmaewcff. EcaH B TOT MOMeI4T OT 6OgHr-reHepawopa Ha Bxo wpr-
repa nepe3 KOIecawop Cn3 CI nocwynw gOtywHpymmm] Hnybc,
OCTaWOnHbIl 2[YtfI yteHbme TOga 6a3hl wpan3cwopa VTI )Io Hy,
IloceIHHf 3aKpoewcff 14 owKpoeTCffTparI3cwOp VT2, govopi6yew yep-
:,KHBaTbCI TOKOM cuemeH nepe3 pe3HcTopbI R6  R7. YIpn ollpOKHIbIna-
HHn wprrepa cpaSowaew nxoAnoe pete KL3 i caMoyepTC uepe
cnofi 3aammfi KOHTaKT. WO6 npeowBpawffwb no3npaw wprrepa no
npeM nay3R H, OHOHHTebH WOK cMeenff OTBOHTCff OW 6a3M
wpan3cwopa VT1 uepe30WKpW ffO VD2  KoeKTOpH nepexo
wpan3cwopa VT2. OMeXOyCWOfiUnOCWb wprrepa oSecneunaewc myu-
THpoBaHeM O6MOTKff BXOHOrO peae wprrepa KOHeHCaTOpOM C3, 3a
CUeT nero co3aewc 3aMeee cpa6awban peae. Ta KaK aWeab-
OCTb nepeKamuammx nybcon 5aoKnr-renepawopa aa, TO  3a-
pa C3 uepe3 pe3cwop R9  KOaeKwop wpan3cwopa VT2 wpe6yewcff
3--4 nepemuammx unyaca. Np KpawKonpeMenHOfi OHOUnOff noMe-
xe KOneHcawop C3 He ycnenaew 3apffWbCff  wprrep He 3aKcpyewcff
S cpa6owanme COCTOH. Hp cpaSaTna wprrepa OT nwerpawopa
nocwynaew naKew if3 510 ffMnybCOB--WOrO OCTaTORHO ff nopMaab-
nofi paSowbI CXeM.
Bo3npaT wprrepa npocxow 3a cew EHffTffff nanpeHn nwaHff
np pa3MKa 3aMRKamero KOHTaKTa nycKonoro opraHa KL2. p
noaqe HanpeHH nHTaHH BO3HHKHOBeHe ownnpammero WOKa B enH
6a3 wpaH3Hcwopa VT2 3aepHBaewc Ha spe 3apa KOneHcawopa
C13 qepe3 pe3Hcwop R6, qWO snoHe ocwawoqHO  OWnHpanH wpaH3H-
cwopa VT1 H yCTaHOKH TpHrrepa s HaqabHoe nooeHHe. Pa3p KOH-
encawopa C13 npoHcxoHT qepe3 pe3Hcwop R7, HO VD17 H pa3MbIKa-
mH KOHWaKW KL2.
NposepKa qHM 3aKmqaewc s H3epeHHH ocaHaorpaўo aMnH-
Ty H pooHTebHOCWH HMybcOB, a waKe HTebHOCTH nay3
Mey HMnybcaMH. poBepKa npOH3BOHTCH npH nOaHHOM Ha BXO
5aOK-pee woke 0,5 1,2 H 1,2 H HanpenHH HOCTOHHHOFO TOga 220 B. Oc-
Haaorpaў ORKmqaewc R 3aHMy 28 n KOHWpObHO WOqKe IV (H3Me-
pewc HanpneHue KOaewopUuwwep wpau3ucwopa VT6). Aunuwy-
bI H HpQOHWebHOCTb HMHyRbCOB Hbl 6Tb HOCTOHH, a
TbHOCTb nay3 OaHa H3MHTbC o6paTHO nponopHoHabHO BXOHOMy
TOKy.
Hpa npOBepKe 6aOKHHr-reHepaTopa ocaaorpa nOKaeTc K KOH-
TpOhHOfi TOqKe VI  3aHMy 28.  Co3aHH Ha Bxoe 6aOKHHr-
reHepaTopa HenpepHX aMnyabco Heo6xoMO 3aaM 28 coea8aTb
C KOHTpOabHOfi TOaKO II. B TOM cayaae TpaH3CTOp VT6 3aKpoeTca
H Ha BXO H HOBHTC HOCTOHH CHFHa. pooHTebHOCTb
MHyhCOB OaHa HaxosTbC B peeaax 8I2MKC, nay3R500
700 KC, aMnaaTya anybco COCTaaeT 0,81,5 B.
poBepga BpeMeHH cpa6aTBaHS HHTFpabHOFO opraa HpOH3BOHT-
Ca na aKcaabnofi ycTaKe nO nOCTOanHOfi eaaaane A npa
K3 a a3ax AB c nepecaeToM aa TOK o6paT8Ofi nocaeoaTeab8OCTa (CM.
HaCTpOfiKy yCTaBOK opraHOB C He3a8scHMofi BhIepKofi .SpeMeHH) npH
1,=l. HpeapaTeahHO npoepaeTa a s cyaae 8eo6xoaOCTa pery-
aapyeTca pe3acTopou R23 noTe8aaaa ey 3aMO 28 " KO8TpOab8Ofi
TOqKOfi VII, KOTOpfi oae8 8axoaTbCa  npeeax 19,520 B. BpeMa
cpa6aTBaHaa HHTerpabHOrO opraHs, paccHTaHHoe nO opMye
=A/I2=A, oa8o 6Tb eabme seaqaa A 8a 3 %. PeryapoKa
BpeMeHH cpa6aTBaHHR oCyeCTBeTC nepeMeHHM pe3HCTOpOM R4
(H3MeHeHHe 3apHx TOKOB).  coKpaeHH BpeMeHH HacTpofiKH
O6XOHMO Mey H3MepeHHflMH BKmqaTb Ha 7C Mey TOqKO 

330 Hana&ia cnequabnbtx ycrpoacra P3 PaaA. 1;2
(6IOK B2) n 3a:HMOM 34 qepea HeqbHKCHpOBaHHyIO KHOIIKy pa3pffH
pe3HcTop MT-0,5 (51 OM). HpoeyTK Mey 3MepeHM B aTOM
cyqae OH 5Tb 1015 C.
BpeMen xapaKTepCTKa HTerpaboro oprana npoBepeTc Ha
3aannofi ycTaaKe no nOCTOaUUOfi aenqHe A. Hpn WOKe oSpaTno nO-
ceROBaTeBHOCTH I,:=l peaucwopoM R23 RO6HBamTC BpeMenu cpaSa-
$C Pnc. 12.22. KpHBble 3aBHCHMOCTH ape-
  [ [  I  HH Men cpaSawbmanu HHwerpabHOrO op-
1Ј  k' X '  ]  raua OW KpaTHOCTH .TOKa oOpaTHOfi
 Ill COBaTabHOCTH:
l .  /#    ;"" ran Terpanoro 0prana a 3 %
Z ki i i i ilii uenbme 3aAanuofi yCTaBKH nO nHqn-
= • .. e A. 3aTeu CHUaeTc apeueHnfia.
. . : [l[] xapaKwepCWKa np WOKaX 1.2, paax
 : : x  ] [ ]Ill 025; 0,5; Lo; L5; 2,0,  MHTam K3
" " " [ aa CaaaxAB, BC, CA. B cayqae OTKaO-
t    k k lV, ',l', ] ueu xapaKTepHCTUKU OT pacqeTofi
  X X X  ,, ,,,, ua 10%  6oaee B Ty a Hym CTO-
 : :  * *   '"' poHy pOHaBOAHTC ee KoppeKTHpOB-
  Il I IHI
::  kkl XI Illl Ka B ueo6xouMym CTOpOHy np
".' I l[ll =1. PacqeTaa 3aBUCUMOCT BpeMea
 : : , cpa6aTBaua nuTerpabnoro opraHa
Ha puc.
12.22.
• Hpu npoBepKe speMeau cpa6aT-
 2 0 0 2  saun aaTerpaaoro opraa npu UM-'
I,oma.e]. nyacHoM BoaeCTS TOKa o6paT0
noceOBaTebHOCTH nyCKOBO opraH
KL2 oame 6T nOaTnHyT BO 36e-
gaHHe paapna KOHAecaTOpOB nO e-
nu noaHoro oxaamea pOTOpa nocae ycTpaHe eCMMeTpqHoro pe-
HMa.
pOBepKa yCTaBKH HO BpeMaHH HOHOPO OXRaeHH HpoHBOHTC
B CRy HOCROBaT3hHOCTH:
H3MepeTC BpeM cpa6aTBaHH T HHTePpaRbHOrO opraHa Hp WOKe
o6paTHO HOC3eOBaTe3bHOCTH 0,30,5 ]2 KaK cpeHee Tpex HmepeHHfi.
B HpoMeyTKaX Mey HMepeHHMH paapHy enb HTerpaHoro op-
rata eo6xomo myHTHpOBaT pe3HCTOpOM 51 KOM;
HpH TOM e WOKe O6paTHO HOC3eOBaTe3HOCTH HpOHBOHTC HO
TpH HMepeHH BpeMeHH cpa6aTBaHH HTerpaHOrO opraHa c epep-
BaMH Mey MoMeHToM BOBpaTa HyCKOBOrO oppaHa Hero noceymero
HycKa, paBHMH MHHHMaRbHM H MaKCHMa3HM HaqeHHM, HpHBeH-
HM B Ta6R. 12.2. Cpeee aaee BpeMeHH cpa6aTBaHH HHTerpa3-
HOrO opraHa T (MHHHMaRH nepepB) OHO 6Tb MeHme 0,95
a Ta (MaKCHMa3hH epepa)--6ome n paBHO 0,95
poepKa 6o-pee Ha pa6oTaeM HepaTop COBMeaeTc C OH-
TOM Tpexaaoro K 6oKa reepaTop--TpaHcopMaop. B o6 poaep-
KH XOHT HaMepeHHe ape e6aaca TOH, HpoBepKa TOKO
§ 12.4 B.ox-pee Tuna PT-6M 331
T a 6 a  u a 12.2. Xapavepcva noauoro oxaeuaa 6o-peae
HcnoHeHe 6oK-pee [peM nouoro oxaae
o ffOCTOflHHO A YaKa no A
Tox W c
5--10
10--20
20--45
5
1.0
I0
20
20
45
OT 126 )IO 234
OT 168 AO 312
OT 126 O 234
OT 168 AO 312
OT l l5 AO 215
OT 168 nO 312
cpa6aTBaHHI opraHOB C He3aBHCIMOfi Bbl)lepgKOfi BpeMeH!4, npoBepKa
BpeMelltl cpa6aTBaHI4i !4HTerpabHOrO opraHa.
I/IaMepen!4e nallpleH!4l ne6aIanca qbTOH npOHaBO)IrlWCl npr woke
npMOfi IIOC.rIe]IoBaweJIbnocwH, paBHOM nOM!4HalbnoMy. HanpKeHae ne6a-
aca, !43Mepennoe BOIbWMeTpoM C R.>20OM/B, a 3a!4Max 20-22
{pc. 12.18) me )IOmKO npeBamawb 1,3 B.
I]epe)i npoBepKofi TOKOB cpa6aTBaH opraHoB C HeaaBI4C!4MOI Bbt-
Iep>KKO BpeMeu!4 eO6XOIMO a llCrIwaweclbUOU 6aoKe nepeKpeCTHTb
se qba3 TOKOBSX aene  B OIy 3 qbaa BKJIIO'-IHTb KOHWpo.rlbtlbI! aMnep-
Mewp. I-[JIaBUO yBeJmBa WOK reepavopa, H3MepIOT TOKH cpa6awsaun
opraaoB OTceqeK. TOK cpa6aTbBaHH nyCKOBOrO  crHaabHoro opraHos
He ripoBepIIOWCI BBI{)Iy 14X HeaHaqHTeJIbHOCTH.
HpoBepKa BpeMe cpa6awRBa werpaaboro opraua npOH3BO)IHT-
CA nO cxeMe pc. 12.23 np TOKaX 0,5--0,61.o,  1.o,. PaaHHIIa s noKa-
aa}]Hx ceKyu)IoMepa np ygaaaH/ax ToKax He )IO}Kua npeBmawb 10 %.
I-[o OKOHqaHHH npoBepoK Bce t[en BOCCTaHaBaHBaOTC H npOH3BOIHT-
CI nOBWOpHoe auepee anp>Ke e6aaaca dpTOFI.

332 HaAaOra cnequabnbtx yC'polcTe P2 PasI. 12
§ 12.5 Bno-pee tuna P3P-IM 333
12.5. BaoK-peae THna PaP-IM
IaK OTMeqaIOCb Bame, Typ60renepaTop c HeIocpeAcTBeHHMM oxnam-
AeHHeM O6MOTOK xapaKTepHayOTC MaOI neperpyaoquofi CnOCO6HOCTbtO.
[an aamHTb poTopa Typ60reHepaTopa OT noapemAenu6 npH neperpyaKax
no TOKy Bo36ymAeHHYl IIpHMeHYleTCYl 6IOK-peIe THIIa P3P-IM. 3alll.HTa aB-
TOMaTHqeCKH orpaHHqHBaeT AI!4TeIbHOCTb pemHMa qbopcHpOBKH Boa6ymae-
HHYl B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT KpaTHOCTH TOKa poTopa IIO OTHOLIIeHHIO K ero HO-
IVlHHa.rlbHOMy 3HaqenHIO H OTK.rlIoqaeT reHepaTop OT CeTH C rameHHeM rioIYl
npH aBapHax B CHCTeMe BO36ymAeHH, BbI3MBqIOriJ, HX AIHTe.rlbHOe ripOTeKa-
HHe rio O6MOTK6 poTopa TOKa HeIcriyCTHMOi BeJIHqHHbI. TOK poTopa iio-
AaeTcYl B 3atU.HTy OT AaTqHKa" ToKa. (TpyKTypHaYl cxeMa 6ioK-peIe npHae-
AeHa Ha puc. 12.24. B COCTa KOMIIIeKTa PaP-IM BXOAflT cIeAymHe
dIeMeHTbI:
 CuzHan
+
230 B TL ў
PHc. 12.25. BcnoMoraTeibHoe yCTpOCTBO BqH
Pac. 12.24. CTpyKTypHan cxea 6oK-pene P3P-IM:
l-BxoAnoe npeo6pasosaxeuoe yCTpOeTBO; 2--enrnan opran; 3--nycKono
opra; 4--nHTerpabnM opran; 5--6ao nnTanH
BXOAHOe npeo6pa30BaTeabHoe yCTpOfiCTBO, cymaltiee: aa raabBaHnqe-
CKOrO paaAeeHUg BXOAHMX enefi OCHOBHX oprauoB pete, HMeriJ, HX ўBH3b
no eriM nHTaHa; Aa KOMrieHCaHH HeCOOTBeTCTB.Memay HOMHHabHM o
 TOKaM poTopa renepaTopa H ycTpofiCTBa Aag UaMepeHH TOKa poTopa;
n npeo6paaoBaHg nepeMeHHOrO TOKa B BnpgMeHHMe U cramenHe
nanpeHH, npoHopHoHabHMe ToKy poTopa 3aIIiHIIiaeMoro reHepaTopa;
curHaabuMfi opraH, curuaaaupymmu o6 yBeaHqeaH TOKa ppTopa
reepaTopa ame ero AHTenbHO AoriyCTHMOrO 3HaqeHH;
riyCKOBO opraH, KOHTpOHpyIIIHfi riyCK H BOaBpaT uHTerpaabHoro op-
raua peae;
HoTerpaBbHMfi opraH, yqHTMBaIIH HaKoneHHe Tena B O6MOTge
poTopa B ripoaecce neperpyaKH  oxamAeHHe poTopa nocae ycTpaneHHfl
neperpyaKm HHTerpanbufi opraH uleeT ABe CTyneHn cpa6aTRaaHu, oA-
Ha H3 KOTOpX AeficTByeT Ha paaBo36ymAene reHepaTopa, a BTopaa 
Ha OTKqeHHe reHepaTopa OT CeTH H rameHue noah;
6OK nHTaHH, cymauufi  oyqeHH Heo6xOAHMX ypOBHe eta-
ceKH, coeAHHeHHe MeAy CO60 napaebao. MemAy co6ofi O6MOTKH
O6OHX MarHHTOnpOBOAOB Moryw 6Wb coeHnen H60 nOCeAOBaTebHO-
BcTpeqHo (THT Tuna H514/1,5; H514/2,0; H514/2,5), 5o napanebHo
(THT Tuna H514/3; H514/4; H514/6  H528). HapanenbHoe BKnmqeHe
O6MOTOK Ha KagAOM MarHHWOnpOBOAe yMenbmaew HHae ua wpaHcop-
Mawop BHeHHX MarHUTUX no,eft H aCHMeTpH pacnoomenaa maH
B OKHe wpaHcopMawopa. Pa6oqa O6MOTKa riHwaewc OT HCTOqHHKa nepe-
MenHoro HanpameHua qepe3 BcnoMorawebHoe yCTpOCTBO, coAepmaulee aB-
WowpaHcopMawop, ABa wpaHcopMawopa nepeMeHHoro TOga, CHCTeMy B-
npaMHwenefi  WOKOOrpanuqHBamUaX conpowHBenufi  UaM (puc. 12.25).
B 3aBHCHMOCTH OW BeHqHHM nepBuqHoro (HOCTOHHOrO) TOKa HaMeHeTC
cwerieHb noAMaruqHauan MarnawonpoBoAa, qWO B CBO oqepeAb aaMen-
ew MarHuwHym npOHHaaeMOCWb awepaaa MarHuworiponoAa, 3TO n3Baew
aMeHeHue peKWUBUoro conpownBeHua wpaHcopawopa,  peaybwawe
ero npoHcxOAHT HaMeHeHHe nepeMeHoro TOga B pa6oqefi O6MOWge TpaHc-
OpMawopa. JIn ripeAowBpamegun wpaucopaRua nepeMeHHoro woKa H3
pa6oqefi O6MOT n ynpasnnmmym coeAueue OMOTOK, paaemeaHx Ha
paaHX MarHHwonponoAax, nnOHeWCa ScWpeqHo. Hpu TaKOM SKmqeHHH
oSowog MjIC, coaAasaeMe ynpasnnmmefi  pa6oqefi O6MOaXaMU, S OA
HOM 3 cepAeqHuKos 6yAyw CyMMUposawbca, a B ApyroM--SqHwawbca,

934 HaaOra cnet4ua.cbnbtx yc'poICTO P3 Paa. 12 § 12.5 B.or-pe.e Tuna P3P-IM 335
coxpaHOTC Bce CBOIICTBa THT, a ero napaMeTpa H3MeHItOTCH ce)IyoIJlUM
o6pa3oM:
HOMHUa.rlbHblfl BwopHqHbIl WOK yMeubmaewc B 9. pa3a;
OllWrlUaIbuOe uanpIeHHe nHWaUHl BWOpHqnOfi lierlrl THT OT aBWO-
wpaHcqbopMawopa BH Boapacraew B 2 paaa (BInOaHeWCa nepexolo Ha
Ipyroe oTaeTaeune aaTOTpaucqbopaTopa) ;
MaKCHMa.rlbHO IonyCTMOe npnBe)ieHnoe conpOTUBenue BTOpHqnofl lle-
nu Bo3pacwaeT B 4 pa3a.
I-Ipn 6ectteTOqUOM o36yKIeHuu B KaqecwBe )IawquKa ucnoab3yewc
HH)IyKIiHOI-IHblfl KOpOTKO3aMKHyTblfl )IaTqHK ToKa HKjlT (puc. 12.26), npeI-
cTaaotufi c060fi nenO)iBUnyo KOpOWKO3aMKnywyro <<6euqbo KeWKy>>,
KOWOpa OXBaTbBaew Ban reuepawopa. BnyTp 6eauqbe eWKU npoxor
Pnc, 12.27. BXOIHOe npeo6pa3oBaTezsHoe yCTpOICTBO
P3P-IM
npoBo)ia OT Boa6y)IHTea K O6MOTKe poTopa. FIpn pa6oTe reHepaTopa vo
Bo36y)K)IeHH co3)Iaev BpaIKameec MarHHTHOe none, HlyttHpymmee rO-
KH B cTepKHX 6eJmbe KIeTKH. TH TOKH 3aubKamwc aepe3 vpancqbop-
uaTop voKa, BO BWOpHqHyo tteb KOWOpOrO BKmqaewc 3aIIIHTa P3P-IM.
C noMomm HKjlT Ha 3aIJiHwy Ho)Iaewc cHnycomlaa,Hm
TOg, nponopttHoHaa,nm TOKy poTopa.
B COCWaB BxolHoro npeo6paaoBaweabHoro ycTporcTBa (Brlr), lloKa
3aHHoro Ha pHc. 12.27, BXOnT npoMezcywoHmfi TpancўopMaTop TL1, co,
rJIacymmHh wpaHcoplawop HanpnzceHHn TV2, amnpaHTea,Hme

386 Ha.aOna cnequa.bntx yCTpOCT P3 Paal. 12
§ 12.5 Bnotc-pe.ae Tuna P3P-IM 337
eT n CaMOy)IepuTCff maxoInoe peJIe KL3 nepBofi cTyneHn n 3aiJluTa
eficwByew Ha paaBoaSy)IeHne reHepawopa. I-IpH cpaSaw*aBaHnn KL3 namc
qepe3 ero KOHTaKTbI nona)iew Ha )IHO)I VD4, KOTOpbIlI 3anapaewc H OW-
Kmoqaew HOH)Iencawopu C2--C50W nOWeHttHOMeWpa R25. EcaH neperpy3Ha
ocwa.rlact, HeyCTpaHennofi, KOH)Iencawop C2--C5 3apg}Kaowc nMnyabca-
kin woKa )I0 cpa6awbmafiHff BbIXO)InOrO wpnrrepa Bwopofi cwyneHa (6aOK
E4) n BblXO)IHOrO peae BwopoIl cwynenn KL4. YCTaBKH nnwerpanbHoro op-
. I _ .
R23
R2# VBI4
KL2
22
o
o
PHC. 12.28. HHTerpanbHl, Ifi opraH P3P-IM
rana yCTaHaBnnBatOTCfl AIg nepBofi cTyneHH 3aunTI nOTeHIIHOMeTpOM
R25, a Ann BTOpOfi CTyne--nOTeHKOMeTpoM R22. BpeMs cpa6aTsa-
HH nepBofi cwyneH cera Mebme BpeMeHH cpa6awbBaH BWOpOfi cwy-
eH, Tax EaR eweab onopHoro Hanpaena BnoneH Tax, qWO oop-
Hoe Hanpaenae nepsofi cwyneHa BeTC qacwb (0,70,8) onopaoro
Hanpeaa BTOpOfi cwyneaa.
HpoBepKa U HaCTpOfiKa xapaKTepHCTHK 6aoK-peae P3P-IM npOHaBO-
HTC aHaaoruqHO npoBepxe u HaCTpOfiKe 6aoK-pee PT-6M. PaaHqHe
3aKnDqaeTcs a noaBaeMo Ha BXO 6aoK-peae TOKe U B yCTaHaBaHsae-
MbX ypOBHSX aanpseaafi e KOHTpObHMX woqKax.
Hpa npoBepxe 6noRa nHwaHHs ypOBHa HanpseHah B KOHTpObHNX
ToqKax O COOTBeTCTBOBaTb AaHHM, HpHBeeHHMM HH:
22--131

338 HanadKa cnequanbubtx ycrpocre P3 PaaA. 12 § 12.5 BnoK-pene Tuna P3P-1M 339
MeCTO H3Mepe-
Hna 1 .... 1-111 22-20 22--26 22-V1 22-Vl1 22-V111 22-1
Hanpa>Kenne, B 35-*- 11,5-- 24--30 15,5-- 19,5-- 20,5-- 10 +
+__0,5 14 16 20 21 ___0,5
Opran peryan-
poBann . R20 -- -- R25 R22 R26 RI3
t 3Aec5 H Aanee O603HaqeHna BIIBOAOB, TOqeK H pa3"eMoB yKa3aHb B C00TBeTCT-
BHH C 3aBOACKO AOKyMeHTaIHe.
Hanpfl>KenH tt3MepIIOTCI BOBTMeTpOM IIOCTOIHHOrO TOKa C
20 KOM/B (M1200, MI201, M2038  Ap).
YCTaHOBa yposHe nanpena ocyecTBaaeTca npn cparaBmeM
peae KL2. as evo cpa6awmanna neo6xonMo 3aMKnyWb 3amn 1 c
TpOabnO TOqKOfi 1 a naave
poBepKa BXOAnOFO npeo6pa3osawenbuoro ycvpoficwsa nponsBOAnTCS
noRaefi Ha nxo 6aoK-peae (3anbt 5-7) nepeMennoro cnayconRaabnoro
TOKa npoMNmneHHO qaCTOTbI, COOTBTCTByўPO HOMHHabHOMy TOKy
poTopa renepaTopa. Peryanposxo nepeMennbIx pe3ncTopos R1
3amnMax 10-12 ycvaHaSnBaewcs nanpsmenne, pannoe 160,5 B.
a nocaeyme KoppeKnn yCTaBKn, CB3aHHOfi C pa3anqneM op-
M* xpnofi Toxa np naaaxe n pa6oqeM pemnMe, cnnMaeTc, xapaxTe-
pncTnxa Um.2 =/(I,).
HacTpOKa yCTaBOX cnrHaabHoro n nycKoBoro opraHon nponznonTCa
noaefi na 3aHMM 5-7 nepeMeHnoro cnHyconaabHoro woKa, paccnw-
BaeMo nO OpMye
Icp  l*p /no"
PeryanpoBKa yCTaBOK ocyecWBaewca nepeMeHHMn peancwopaMn
Rll n R18. CpaSawsiBaHne peae nKcnpyewc O cpa6awBannm COOTBeV-
CWBymmnx BXOHX peae KL1 n KL2. YCTaBKa cnrHabHoro oprana
Bceraa OaHa 6W MeHbme ycWaBKn nycKomoro oprana.
HpoBepKa qHM nponaBOnWCa naMepeHneM HTebHOCTH nMnyabcoB
n nay3 npn noaue Ha BXO 6aoK-peae 3Hauenn TOKa, OCTaTOqHMX
cpa6awBaHn nyCKOBOrO opraHa. Ocnnaorpa@ noKqaewc K KOHT-
pObHO WOqKe Ill n 3aHMy 22. HwebHOCWb HMybCOB ROHa OC-
waBawbc HOCTOBHHO, a nWebHOCWb nay3 oHa H3MeHTbC o6pawHo
nponopnoHabHo BXOHOMy WOKy.
Hpn npoBepKe 6aOKnHr-reepawopa ocnnaaorpa ORKqaewc
K KOHTpObHO WOqKe IV  anMy 22. KOHWpObHy WOqKy II eo6xon-
MO COeHHHTb C 3aHMOM 22. HwebHOCWb nayau ona T B npe-
aeax 500700MKC, a aMHwya HMybCOBB npeaeaax 0,8--1,5B.
BpeMs cpa6awBann nHwerpabHoro opraHa KannOpyewca na MaKCH-
ManbHOfi ycWaBKe B ceymefi nocneoBawebaocwn:
B pacceqKy nepeMUKn Mey 3anMaMn 16-18 BKamqaewcH
aMnepMewp n na BXO 5aoK-peae (3aHMM 5-7) noRaeTcs WOK, COOWBeWCW-
Bymmnfi 0,8 nOMnHabHOrO WOKa powopa;
peryanpOBKO nepeMennoro peancwopa R5 WOK  enn MnKpoanep-
MeTpa cHnaewca o
KpoaMnepMewp OTKaeTC  Ha BXOR 6aoK-pee noaeTc OK,
COOWeTcwBymnfi ByKpawnoy nonnasnoMy WOKy poTopa;
H3MeHRR pe3VlCTOpOM R3 3apIAHble TOKH LIHM H nHTerpaTopa, AO6H-
naDTca npeMeHn cpa6aTnaHnn HTOpO CTyneHn 19--21 C (28,5--31,5 C).
C IIeJIbIO CoKpallleHna BpeleHtt HacTpofiKtt ttHTerpaJIbOOWO opraHa He-
O6XOAMO Me>KAy n3mepeHai BKJIIOqaTb Ha 5--10C iexAy TOqKO /
6aoKa 62  3aaMOM 24 qepe3 HebnKcnpyeiy KHOnKy pa3paAHfi pe3-
CTOp MJIT-0,5-- 100 KOM. OqepeAHofi nyCK 5aoK-peae H 3TOM cayqae Aoa-
>KeH npo3BOATbCa He paHee qei qepe3 20 c.
l"Io OKOHqaHHH KaJIn6poHKa HTerpaJIbnOrO opraHa nposepaTCa Bpe-
MeHHe xapaKTepCTHX oSex cTyneHefi npn TOKaX, COOTBeTCTHymX OT-
OCTeabOi TOKaM poTopa 1,1; 1,2; 1,5 n 2,0. Bpela cpa6aTbmaHa
nepHofi  BTOpOfi cTyneoefi AoaaHo COOTBeTCTBOBaTb AaliobIi Ta6JI. 12.3.
T a 6a n u a 12.3. BpeMeHHa xapaKrepHCrHKa HHTerpaabHoro opraHa
CTyneH5 3aiRHTB!
I
II
I
II
BpeMa cpa6amaun rrerpanbnoro oprana,
c, np WOKe poTopa /,p
I,I 1,2 1,5
480 215 50
600 265 60
480 250 74
600 310 92
2,0
16
2O
24
30
Hposepxa yCTaBKI4 no BpeMeHH noJIHOrO oxJIaxKAeHI4I npoI43BOAI4TCfl
no mpeMeHn cpa6awb*BaHna BTOpO. cwynenn npn WOKe poTopa /.p----l,5
B caeAyoulefi IIOCJIeAOBaTeJIbHOCTH:
I3Mep'leTCa BpeMa cpa6aTblBaHIfl KaK cpeAHee 3HaqeHle Tpex I3Me-
peHnfi c BKJIOqeHeM B npoMeAKyTKaX Me>KAy 3MepeHHIM paspIAHOrO
pe3cTopa I00 KOM;
HOBTOpSoTcI no Tpn 3MepeHHS C npoMeKyTKaM Me>KAy HM, paB-
HMn 450  750 C. l-lpH STOM BpeMa cpa6aTBaHa BTOpOf cTyneH AOa-
HO OTJIHqaTbCI OT npeAAymHx HsMepeHH 6onee qeM Ha 5 0/0 np npoMe-
yTKe 450 C (t2<0,95 t,) H He 6oJIee qeM Ha 5 % npH npoMe>KyTKe 750 c
(t>0,95 t).
YIpoHepKa 6oK-peae Ha pa6oTaOmeM reHepaTope nponsHOAnTCa com
MeCTHO e AaTnKOM TOKa. B eHa3n e TeM TO naeTpOfKa n peryanponaa
6aoK-peae nponaBOAnaacb noAaqef Ha ero sxoA nepeMennoro cnnyconAaab-
noro TOKa npoMruaennof qaeTOTL He yqnTsaomero OpopMy KpnBOfi TOKa
B pa6oqeM peKnMe, neo6xoAnMO nponaBeCTn ўoppeKamO ycTaBKn.
3TOrO npn HOMnnaabHOM TOKe poTopa neo6xoAHMO peryanpOBKOfi peanCTO-
pOB R1 I R2 na zaKnMax 10-12 asmTaanTS HanpKeHne, paBnoe 16+0,5 B,
nZMeH TOK poTopa, enTS xapaKTepnCTnKy U10.12=f(/pov) 14 cpannHTS
ee e xapaKwepneTHKOf U10.12=f(Isx), enTOf npH npoBepKe BYIY, ZaTe
I]aaBHRM yBeanqenneM TOKa poTopa npoBepnTb yCTaBKH cpa6aTbtBanna
crHaabHoro  nycKo.Boro opraHom
22*

340 HanaOKa yCTpOgCTO P3A Paa. 13 § 13.2 AnnapaTypa, npugeuega o ycrpogcrsax P3A 341
Pa3Oe.ў TpuuaOaTOg
HAJIAKA ҐCTPOHCTB PEJIEHHOH 3All[HTbl
H ABTOMATHKH HA IIEPEMEHHOM
OHEPATHBHOM TOKE
13.1. O6mne CBeReHHI
13.2. AnnapaTypa, npaMeHeMa  yCTpOfiCTaX P3A
Ha HeDeMeHHOM OHeDaTHBHOM TOKe
BcpoenHe peae IIpflMOrO /leCTBHfl. Pete npaMoro ,efiCTBHa Bcpa-
BaIOTca B IIplaBOAbl BbIKJIIOqaTeJIefi 6--10 a 35 KB TIana HHM-10, HH-67 K,
HH-67, l-If-I-61, HH-61 K, BMI-II01-1, BMHH-10, BMM-10, HHB-10.
HanpMep, B COCTaB IpHBola HH-67 BXOAflT: aJIeKTpOMaFHHT BKJIIO-
qeHa 220 B, JIeKTpOMaFHHT OTKJIIOqeHHfl 220 B, JIeKTpOMarHHT peeHoro
OTKaIOqeHHfl 220 B, ABHraTeJIb 3aBola npyKHH 220B, BCIIOMOraTeJIbHble
KOHTaKTbl BbIKIIOqaTeJIfl KCA-10, BCnOMOraTenbHbIe KOHTaKTbl aBapfiHoro
OTKJIIOqeHI, Ifl KCA-2, BCHOMOFaTeJIbHble KOHTaKTbl rOTOBHOCTYl HpHBo/la
KCA-4, ABa pete MaKCHMaaIHOFO TOKa rHOeHHOrO ,eCTBHfl 220 B, 5 A
THIIa PTM.
a ynpaBeHa OTleJII4WeJIaMH H KOpOTKO3aMbIKaTeIflMH llpHMeHaIOT-
cfl IpHBOIM THna ]_[]l-IO, HMeomHe BCTpOeHHbe neKTpOMaFHHTb OTKJIlOqe-
v
II
II
II

342 ttanaOta ycTpotcTe P3A Paal. 13 § 13.2 AnnapaTgpa, npumetneman e ycTpotcreax P3A 343
13.2. OCHOBHble l'exliliqecKlie RaHimm peae PTB
npnoAaM HH-61, I-I1-1-67 n HH-61K
BapnanT
pene
UloTpe6.q e-
Mat MO[IHOCTB
npH WOKe
cpa6awbIBa -
nn, B • A
CoHpOTHBeHHe
npH WOKe cpa6a-
PTB- I
PTB-IV
5
6
7,5
10
40 112
36 101
41 118
40 113
1,6
1,0
0,73
0,4
4,45
2,8
2,1
1,13
307
258 I-ISJIBO
218
• 156
1,81
2,44
PTB- II
PTB- V
10
12,5
15
17,5
40
40
44
45
114 0,4
114 0,26
125 0,2
125 0,15
1,14
0,73
0,555
0,41
151
120
106
92
I-IB
PTB- III 25
PTB-VI 30
37
41
44
52
107 0,092
116 0,66
126 0,049
142 0,043
0,268
0,186
0,14
0,116
69
59
52
48
2,44
una 220 B, a TaKKe IlpnBOA TnlIa IIIHK, iMelomnfi ABa BCTpOeHHI, IX peIe
MaKCtaIbHOrO woxa MrHOBeHHOrO eftCWBHa PTM c MHHI4MaJIbHI, IM TOKOM
cpaSawbBaHHa 5 A (m 3,5A),  aIeKWpOMarHW BKaoqea KOpOTKOaa-
MlKaweI 220 B COOTBeTCTBeHHO.
B Ta6a. 13.1, 13.2 npBeeH OCHOBHIe TeXHHqecKHe aOOble pete
npMoro AeCTBH H 9JIeKTpOMarHHTOB AHCTaHILHOHHOrO ynpaBleHHg.
Peae speMeHH PBM-12  PBM-13. Pete BpeMeHn PBM-12 IMeeT MaK-
cMa3y BAepaiKy BpeMen 4 c  peae Tna PBM-13--10 c. MaKC-
MaIbHbl pasfpoc BpeMeHH cpa6aTbIBaOHa peae OT ToKa cpa6aTblBaHO AO
ToKa, cOOTBeTCTByIOIIlero 20-KpaToomy TOKy IIO OToomeoHIO K TOKy cpa.
6aTIana, Aa peae PBM-12 COCTaJIIIOT 0,12C n aa peae PBM-13--
0,25 c.
PeIe naneacno pa6owaew npa IIOCJIeOBaWeJIbnOM coennneaan ceKtm
wpancqbopawopos peae npn woKax 2,5A n 5oIee n npn napaieibno
coennennn- npn woKax 5 A H 6oIee. l-IowpeSienne peIe npn WOKe, pasno
syKpawnoMy TOKy no owHomennK)  WOKy cpa6awan, ne npebltuaew .
8.B.A. PeIe AonycKaew AJInWeJIbnoe npoweKaHne no IlepnqHM OSOTKaM
nacIamnxcs wpancqboptawopon TOKa 10A n  weqenne 10C--TOKa
75A (npn IIOCIeAOBaTeJIbHOM coeAHHeHI4H CeKRH. IlepBHqHblX O6MOTOK).
,JIHTeJIbHO AoIIyCTHMbII TOK epe3 KOHTaKTbl  5 A.
i c ,L vc \l( o,o
PHC. 13.1• CxeMa BHyTpeHHnX coeAn-
HeHnh pete BpeMeHn PBM-12
PHC. 13.2. Cxe!a BHyTpeHHHX CO-
eAIHeHI IIpO MexKyTOqHOrO peIe
P1-I-341
OCHOBHM 9eMeHTOM flBfleTCfl CHHXpOHHMfi aaeKTpOABraTeab M,
KOTOpM 3anycKaeTCa c OMOIKb KOHTaKTOB peae TOKa. POTOp CHHXpOH-
HOrO 9aeKTpOABHraTea BpalaeTca c onpeAeaeHHofi CKOpOCTbD, qTO oSec-
neqBaeT TOqHOCTb yCTaHOBneHHO BMAepK BpeMeHm Peae MeeT TaK-
me a HacmamHXCa TpaHCOpMaTOpa TI H T2. CxeMa peae npHsee-
Ha Ha pnc. 13.1.
HpoMemywoqHoe peae Tnna PH-341. Pete npeaeTca B 'cxeMax
c aemyHTpOBaHeM KaTymKH OTKqeHHfl. CxeMa BHyTpeHHHX cOeAHHe-
nfi pem npnBeena a pc. 13.2.
Hepsue 05MOTK npoMeywoqoro acmammeroca wpaHcopMa-
wopa T BKqawca BO BWOpqHe en wpaHcOpMawOpOB woKa. O BTO-
pHqHO O6MOTKe TpaHcOpMawopa T qepe3 BpflMHTeBH MOCT HOA"
KameHo peae nOCTOaHOrO TOKa KL KaanaaHoro whoa. Baaroapg Ha-
m{m Hacmammero TpaHcopMaTOpa WOK BO BTopHqHOfi O6MOTKe ame
npH OqeHb 60abmHx KpaTHOCTgX TOKa B nepBHqHOfi OSMOTKe He npeBMma-
eT HeKOTOpOrO 3aaHHOrO 3HaqeHH. 3HaqeHHe TOKa onpeegeTcg O-
yCTHMMM TOKOM fl BMpflMHTeefi H KOHTaKTOB ynpaBaammx peae.
pH HoceOBaTeaHOM ўOeAHHeHHH HepBHqHMX OMOTOK HpoMeyToq-
Horo TpaHcopMaTopa peae cpaSaTBaeT np WOKe 2,5 A, a npH napaa-
eHOM cOeHHeHHH OMOTOKpH WOKe 5 A. pH WOKe, paBHOM yaBO-
eHHOMy TOKy cpaaTMBaH peae, oTpeSeMag MOLIIHOCTb cocTaBaew
6 B,A. Peae PH-341 onycKaeT HTeabHOe npOTeKaHe no nepBHqHo

344 Hanac)ta ycrpotcTe P3A Paal. 13
O6MOTKe IIp IlapaaaeabHO coeAnHeHHbX CeKRHaX Hacbmammeroca TpaHў*
opMawopa WOKa 10 A n n weqeHi4e 4 c- WOKa 150 A.
YCIJIeHHbIe nepeKaIoqaome KOHTaKTbI Cl]OCO6Hbl IIIyHTI4poBaTb I4 e-
yHTpOmaTb OTSJI)qa)me KaTyK!4 mblKJIIOtlaTeJIe npH HepeMeHHOM
TOSe AO 150 A, ecJIH ynpaBaeMam menm HI4TaeTc OT TpaHcopMaTopa TO-
ma  ee noJIHoe conpOTBJIeHHe np WOKe 3,5 A He 6oaee 4,50M.
Peae TOKa Tna PT-85. Peae IBJIIeTC KOMOI4HI4poBaHHbIM I4 COCTOI4T
14 IByx JIeMeHTOB--JIeKTpOMaFHI4THOFO 14 I4HAyKIIHOHHOFO. eKTpOMar-
HHTHbI JIeMeHT npeAcTamJIeT co6ofi peae WOKa MrHOBeHHOrO IeIcwmI.
I/IHtyKRHOHHIfi JIeMeHT- pete TOKa C 3aBI4CI4MOt OT 3HaqeHI4fl TOKa BbI-
lepKSO BpeMeHn--HcnoJmayeTca IJIg BbIIIOJIHeHHR MaKCHMaJIbHO. TOKO
BO 3aIllI4Tbl C BbIAepmKO BpeMeHH.
Peae PT-85/I 14MeeT HOMI4HaJIbIbII?I WOK 10 A 14 peryJmpoBKy TOKa cpa-
6aTBaHI. !4HyKIHOHHOI'O :JIeMeHTa OT 4 O 10A, peae PT-85/2--BO-
MananbHbfi WO 5 A  peryaHpOBKy WOKa cpa6awnanaa nHyKttaOHnOrO
aeMeHwa OW 2 AO 5A. Bpea cpaSawsmaHna B He3aBacaMo. qacwa xapaK-
TepHCTHKH peae peryanpyewc  HpeAeaax Ow 0,5 o 4 C.
1-IepeKaK)qa}omHfi KOHTaKT CIIOCO6eH myHWHpOBaWh H AetUyHwHpoBawb
Iens c COIIpOWltBJIeHHeM 4,50M npH WOKaX RO 150 A. Oco6eltHOCWbtO pa60-
Tb KOHTaKTOB Ilpn temyHTI4pOSaHHH HBJIIeTCa TO, qTO B npoLtecce nepe-
KJIIOtleHI4/] IIeIIb 3aMKHyTa Ha TOT HJIH HHOf pe3cTop. TO Heo6xotMO
B. CBfl3H C BO3MOKHOCTbIO IIOfIBJIeHI4I B pa3OMKHyTOI?I BTOpI4qHOfi O6MOTKe
TpaHcqbopMaTOpa TOKa BblCOKOFO anpizem4fl.
YKaaaveabnMe peae vna PҐ-21 BtITycKaIOTC AJI pa6oTbI Ha IIOCTO-
IHHOM WOKe, HO MOryW 5bIWb HCIIOJIb3OBaHbl H Ha nepeMeHHOM onepawaHOM
TOKe.
13.3. HCTOqHHKH lblnplMleHHOrO onepaTHnHoro TOKa
KOMnIeKTHIde ycTpoficTna naHa 9eKTpOMarHHO nmqeHH n-
Kmqaeefi Tuna YKH. KOneKTHe yCTpOCTBa nTaH YKH-220
z YKH-380 (B abHefimeM--ycTpofiCTBa nTaH) npeHaaHaqeH aa
HTaHH 9eKTpOMaFHHTOB BKqeHHa nKaqaTee c TOKOM noTpe6eHHff
o 320 A. B peMe BKqeHH BKqaTeefi Ha K3 H HCqe3HOBeHHfl
p STO nepeMeHHoro napeHa ycTpofiCTa nTaHa o6eceqnamv
nKaqeHe BblKamqaTeaefi c TOOM noTpe6aeHa aeKTpOMaFHTOB O 150 A.
CTpOfiCTBa HHTaHH COCTOflT H3 ByX OCHOBHMX ў6opOqHbIX eAHHH:
ycTpoficTna Kl--ycTpoficTna nRpffMTeag c pacnpeAycTpofiCTnOM
(ma N 1);
ycTpoficTna K2-- ycTpOfiCTna HaKOnTea (mKa N 2).
CTpOCTBO K COCTOHT 3 YKHI  YKH2, BMOHTHpOBaHHX
B OHH Ka.
CTpOfiCTBa TaHa o6ecneqBaT nKaqeHe OHOrO MaaOMaCgHO-
ro BSqaTa C eKTpOMaFHHTHM pffBOOM Ha HOMHHabHOe Hapg"
meHe 635 KB  peMe CHmeH nRnpMaeHHOrO onepaTnHoro Ha-
pameHg o 50 °/0 HOMHabHOrO H MeHee ncaecTne BKaqeHHa Ha K3.
CTpOfiCTBa HMeT: KOHTpOb BHpMeHHOFO HanpeHHff; KOHTpOb
cnpanHOCTH y3aa HaKOTeg; KOHTpOb H30ffHH BpMeHHOrO Ha-
npaeHa; 3aTy OT TOKO K3 Ha CTOpOHe nnpaaeHHOrO HanpameHff,
BHyTpeHHHX 3aMbIKaHH H TOKOB eperpyaKm
' B TaSk. 13.3 peeH OCHOBHRe eXHqKe aHHRe ycTpOfiCTB T-
na YKH.
§ 13.4 I4cTougu nepeesuoeo onepaTueuoeo Toga 345
Ta. 6aaa 13.3. Ocoane TexHqecKne aanue ycwpocw wHa YKH
HopMa THnOHCnOHeHH
Ha4MeHoBaHHe napaMeTpa
HanpflKeHe HTamefi ceTn Tpexqba3-
oe, S
BbmpaaenHoe anpaeHe a penMe
XX, B
HOMHHabHOe BnpMeHHoe Hanpeue
B peMe Harpy3KH, B
onyCTMe OTKOHeHHfl BnpMeHHOrO
HanpeHa  HanpgeHa nTamefi CeT,
%
aKCHMabHfi BblnpMeHHbI WOK Harpy3-
KH C BIXOOM qepe3 HaKOnHTeb, A
aKCHMabHbI BblnpMeHHbl WOK Ha-
rpyaKH C BbIXOOM e3 HaKOnHT, A
Hpeeb BeHqHH larpy3KH Ha BbIXOaX:
ў150 A>>, A
ў320 A>>, A
XapaKTep HarpyaK
HTebHOCTb Mnybca Harpy3K, C
HHIMabHO onyCTHMOe speMa Mey
MybcaM}I, C
OHqe@TBO HMnybCOB B HKe, He 5oee,
np WOKe:
320 A
150 A
100 A
BpeMa Mey HKaM, MHH
YKi-I-220 'KrI-380
YKi-IM-220 rKlYIM.380
220
297
230 230
-+- 10; -- 10; --15
--15
t50 150
320 320
55--150
150--320
CHbIH
I
0,5
4 4
5 5
I0 10
10 I0
380, 400, 415, 440
C nyeBblM npoBo-
OM
257, 270,280, 297
55--150
150320
HMnyabCHfi
1
0,5
13.4. [CTOqHHKH HepeMeHHoro oHepaTHBHOrO TOKa

846 Ha,aOga gCTpOfCTO P3A Paa. 13 § 13.4 HcTotuu,v.u npegeuoeo oneparueoeo roKa 347
ўopMaTOpOB HanpeHHfl HeOSXOHMO .HaTb Kaacc ToqHOCTII [4 MaKCII-
uaabHy0 MomHocTb, oTaBaeMy0 TpaHcqbopMaTOpaM B TOM Kaacce.
MaKCHMaabHIe IIOrpeltIHOCTH TpaHCqbOpMaTOpOB Hal]pflKeHHfl Ie.qeco-
o6pa3Ho IIpllHYITb IaKHMH >Ke, KaK II y TpaHcqbopMaTOpOB TOKa, a HMeHHo 
I0 % rlo KOaqbqbHIeHTy TpaHcqbopMatt n 7 ° no yray [2].
T 2206
dpOpMaTOpOS HanptaceHHt Hall COTBeHHUX Hy)KA, OTHOCgITCgl 6aOKH nHTa-
mill THna BYIH-11/1, BHH-11/2, BIIH-1002, Bli3-401. K 6aOKaM nTami
TOKa (SLIT), Br,OqaeMRM B en TpacqbOpMawOpOB TOKa, OTHOўflTCfl 6aO-
Kti nHTamt BLIT-ll, BIIT-1002, Bli3-402.
SaOK nTamtH BH3-401  Bli3-402 npeAHaaaneuR TaK)Ke 2Ial 3apt-
Aa 6aOKOa KoAeHCaTOpOB, Hepnt KOTOpblx Hcnoa3yeTc Aa npHBeAeHH
B ,eўTBHe JIeKTpOMarHI4TOB OTKaIOqeUHIt (aKaoe) KOMMyTaItHOHHblX
annapaToa. Ha pHc. 13.3 npHBeAeH npHuutmHaame CXeMR 6aOKO nti-
TaH!4fl Hanp)KeHtm BHH-11, BIIH-1002 H TOKOUX TtmOB BIIT-I1,
BIIT-1002. Ha pHc. 13.4 npHseAeHb pHHHnHaaHue CXeMR 6aOKOB rIHTa-
H H aapAa SI-13-401 H BLI3-402.
TexHqecKHe AaHue npseAes B Ta6JI. 13.4, 13.5, 13.6.
2 3 # K 6 7 8
ў0
w7 " '°z -
f 2 3 4  6 7 8 9 10
PHC. 13.4. CxeMa aaeKTpHqecKaa npHHHnHaabHa 6aOKOB HTaHHg B 3a-
papa:
a -- 6aoKa BH3-401; 6 -- BH3-402
TexHuuecKue cauHbte 6noKa nuTanun BHH-IO02.
1) HOMHHaabHOe BXOAHOe HanpaeHe 6aoKa 100, 110, 127, 220, 380 B.
OK MOeT BKqaWbCfl Ha anpameHe. l l5, 230, 400, 440 B.
2) BaoK HTaHHfl B AaHweabHOM peHMe padowR AonycKaev BKamqeHHe Ha
HanpameHHe, npeBbzmamee Ha 10 %, yKaaaHHOe B n. 1, np aTOM TOK Ha-
rpyas He AomeH npeBRmaTb:
Aa yCTaBKH aRXOAHOrO HanpameHa l I0 B- 6,4 A;
Aaa yCTaBK xoAnoro HanpeHna 220 B- 3,2 A.
3) ConpoTBee 30aaH Mey Koaeym aeKTpq He CB-
aaHHM UenflM, a TaKme Mey HM n KopnycoM 6OKa COCTaBaeT He
MeH 50
Tezuuecue annbe 6aoa nuTaua T-1002.
l) DpH ]aBHOM yBeaHqeHHH ToKa B epBHOfl O6MOTKe H pH OyT-
CTBHH arpyaKH aa BRXOe eppopeaoHaHc HacTynaeT npH aaMarHHBam-
mefi cae B epBHOfi O6MOKe TpaHcopMaTopa 6aoKa, paBHOfi 840
100 A'BHT.

348 ' HaaOa gcTpoacTe P3A PaaA. 13
2) BxoAoe Hanpa>KeHrle rIpH npoTeKaHrm TOKa 10 A rio BCeM CeKKH-
aM nepnH'HOfi O6MOTKH TpaHcqbopmaTopa 5OKa yKa3aHO B Ta6:l. 13.5.
3) B:IOK sAep>KrmaeT ria sxoAe Ha ycTanKe rio TOKy qbeppope3oHaHca
T a 6  H  a 13.4. TeXHHqecMxe Kaxxue 6OgOn ilXTaXXR BI1H H BI1T
HaeHoBaHne HapaMeTpOB
YCTaBKIt riO TOKy Ha-
CTyriJIeHltI qbeppope3oHaH-
ca, A:
ripH SKmOqeHHH OA-
HOII IlepBltqHOfi. 0{5-
MOTKH
ripH IIOCJIeAOBaTeJIb-
HOM BKJIIOqeHHH new
BHqHblX OMOTOK
HoMmaaJIbHOe BXOAHOe
Hanpa>KeHrle, B
HOMHHalbHOe BblXOA-
ltoe HariEH>KeHHe, B
HoTpe6aeaa Mom-
HOCTb npH OTCyTCTBHH Ha-
rpy3Klt Ha BIXOAe, B.A,
He 6oaee:
npH mxoAno TOMe
9,5 A
ri nocaeAomaTeno
coeAHHeriHH nepmHq-
HblX O6MOTOK
npH HOMHHaJIbHblX
BXOAHbIX
HHax 100, ll0, 220 B
HpH HOMHHaJIbHOM
BXOAHO
127 B
3HaqeHHff HapaMeTpOBdlfl OKOB HHTHHR
BHH-11/1
100, 110,
127, 220
110
BHH-II/2
10O, I10,
127, 220
24
BHT-II
5; 7,5; 10
2,5; 3,75; 5
220, 110, 24
9
12
-- 95
9 --
12 --
eCKOHeqHOCTb
10
eCKOHeqHOCTb
40
He 5oee 130
He Metiee 90
He 6oaee 260
He Meaee 180
§ 13.4 HCTOnUgU nepemennoeo oneparuenoeo roxa 349
T a 6  H u a 13.6. TexHHecKHe aaHHue 6aOKOs nHvanHa H aapaaa
BH3-401H BH3-402
HanueHoaaune napauerpon H3-1
YCTaBKa no TOKy HacTynaeHHa ep-
pope3oHaHca, A
HOMHHabHOe BXOAHOe Hanp>KenHe,
B
HOMHHabHOe BxoArioe riaripH>Ke-
HHe, B
HOMHHabHOe HanpgeHHe 3apaAa,
B
Bpea 3apaAa KOHAeHCaTOpO eMKO-
CTbm 200 MKў AO Haripa>KeHHa 0,8,
yCTaHOBHBePocH HpH HOMHHabHOM
BXOAHOM Haripa>KeHHH AaH 6OKOB
BH3-401, npH BXOAHOM TOMe 31yc, AaB
6aOKOS B3-402, MC, He 6oaee
aHTeAbHO AoriyCTHMOe COripOTHBae-
she HarpysKH (pe>KH 6aoKa riHTa-
HHa)) OM:
ycTanMa riO SXOAHOy nanpHme-
nHm 110 B
ycTaMa riO XOAHOy naripnme-
nHm 220 B
HOMHHaabHOe AonycTHoe conpo-
THBaeooe oarpy3KH, OM:
ycTaDKa riO BMXOAHOMy anps>Ke-
Hmm 110 B
ycTaBKa no BMXOAHOMy oanpame-
riHm 220 B
VaKCHMabHag eMKOCT5 apa>Kae-
x KOHAeHCaTOpOS, MK
100, 110, 127,
220
110, 220
400+5%
70
150
600
5O
2OO
2000
B1-13-402
4,65; 6,0; 8,5;
9,3; 12,0; 17
110, 220
400_+5 %
7O
150
52O
5O
20O
2000
ў5A> B TeqeHHe 5C TOM 50A, B TeqeHne I C--TOM 120A npri Harpy3Ke:
AJIH yCTaBKH HOMnHaabHOrO BblXOAHOrO Hanps>KeHHS 110 B--10 OM;
AJIH yCTaBKH HOMHHaabHoro BblXOAHOrO Haripfl>KeHHg 220 B--40 OM.
4) ,[J]HTeJIbHO AoIIyCTHMSII TOM H, arpy3sH 6oKa:
Aas yCTaBK!4 BblXOAHOrO HanpsmeoHs 110 B- 7 A;
A3aycTaSKH sxoAHoro Hanps>KeHHs 220 B -- 3,5 A.
5) ConpOTHBIeHHe HSOaHttHH Me>Kay TOKOBeymHMH sIeKTpHqeCK!4 He
CB3aHHbIMH I/eIIffMH, a TaM>Me Me>Kay HHMH H KOpriycoM 6aoKa COCTaBJIff-
eT He Meoee 50 MOM.
BaOKH nTaOHS H 3apaAa BI-I3-401, BH3-402 npeAHasoaqeo Aas na-
TaHHS BblnpIMIeOObIi TOKOM CXeM (ycTpOICTB) peaefioofi 3amOThl H aBTO-
MaTHKH, BblrioaOeOHblx Ha HOMHOaabOOe HaripameHHe 110 H 220 B ripH cyi-
tapriofi rioTpe6aaeto MOmHOCT I00 BT s AaHTeaoot pemHMe H 200 Br

35.. HanadKa ycrpotIcr8 P3A Pa3. 13
B KpaTKOBpeMeHHOM pe)Knre naH laa 3apaa 63OKOB KoHeHCaTOpOB CyM-
Mapo eMKOCTbIO I,O 2000 MKtYP, neprHa KOTOpbIx tCnOb3yeTc a
nptBeieHt B efCTBne 3eKTpOMarHHTOB OTKJIIOqeHH (BKJIIOqeHIt) KOM-
MyTaIHOHHbX annapaTo.
ConpOTHBaee O MeeKly TOKOBeyHHMt 3eKTpHqeCKH He CBa-
3aHHbIMH IlenIMI, a TaKKe Mey HHMH H KOpnycOM 6aOKa CocTaanaeT He
MeHee 50 lўOM.
18.5. CXeMbl yCTpOfiCTB peaefiHOfi 3alltHTbl H aBTOMaTHKX
Ha nepeMeHHOM oIIepaTHBHOM TOKe
B aqecTe npMepa npHBeeHo HeCKO3bKO THIIOBblX cxeM 'ycTpOCTB
P3A Ha nepeMeHuo onepaTHnHOM ToKe, npaMeHaeMRX Aaa TpaHcqbopaTOp-
HblX nOACTaUIItfi THna KTI-IB 110/6--10 KB H 110/35/6--10 KB.
Cxea opranauH nepemennoro oneparnoro rosa, aenefi ynpanae-
nHa, cxrnaaH3aUm4 H TeaeMeXaHHH. r]HTaHIe uene ocyllIeCTSJIIeTca OT
TpaHCqbOpMaTOpOB COCTBeHHblX HyK. IIIaK 1EC, 2EC, 1EH,. 2EH oSpa-
3y0TCt OT IZIHHOK oSecneqeHHOrO mtTaHta EY.N, EY.O, nHTaOmHXCa OV
CTa6HH3aTopa nanpaKeHHa TSV1 (pc. 13.5). CXeMbI BbnOJIHtIOTCI C aB-
TOMaTItleCKIM BKnmqeHHeM pe3epnHoro CTOqHKa nHTaHHa (KOHTaKTOpb
KLI, KL2). FIHTaHHe onepaTHHbM TOKOM OT TpaHcqbopMaTOpO HanpaKe-
HH nprmeHaeTca ,aaa ttenefi ABP.
r
I[ cequ 3
--,------- I
5F2  I
KL2
KL4
A
KL2 
PHC. 13.5. CxeMa opraHHaaRHH nepeenHoro onepaTBHoro ToKa
§ 13.5 Cxembt ycrpoacr8 peneauoti 3aurb$ 351
IJ, enH ynpaBaeana, cHrHaa143arlH, ?eJleMexaHHgrl. Ha pnc. 13.6 npeA-
cTaBaeHa cxea ynpaBzeHna BbIKZqaTeZeM. IHnHKn ynpaBzeHHa
BaTCa qepe aBTOMaTnqecKn BKZqaTez SF THna AFI-50/2 MT c l,,op =
=3,5 /rno. BKJIIOqeHlte BbIKJIIOqaTeJIfl MOXKeT OCylI/,eCTBJIRTBCR KaK HenocpeA-
CTBeHHo KZqO ynpaBzeaaa, TaK a nO uenM AFIB a TeaeynpaBzeHaa,
qero npeAycMoTpea nepeKzqaTez noao)Keaaa Tnna FIKq3-12E3035. OT-
KJ/IOqeHHe TaKXKe MOKeT ocyneCTBJIffTbCfl nO lelqffM TeJIeOTKJIIOqeHHff Ha-
npaMep npn AUP.
5F
3empo#uza -
mere, 3a#o&tt
npyxttfbt nptt-
#oaa
LBMU
omK]IIOqHIJR
nflu AqP
Pnc. 13.6. HprIHIIrIrlrla.,'IbHaa cxea ynpaBaeHrla BbIKalOqaTeaeM
biaKcnMaabHafl 3autxl"a. 1-IOaCHalOtu, a cxeMa H RenH 3aTl aHbI Ha
pUC. 13.7. B CXeMe HCOb3yTC CTpoeHHue pete npaoro
PTM1, PTM2, npOMeyTOqHble pe KL1, KL2 Tna PH-341, pete Bpee-
 KT Tnna PB-12. aTa BI:OHeHa Ha nepeMeHHOM onepaTBHOM
TOKe C emyHTpOBaHHeM KaTyes OTKDqeHH. AMnepMeTp A CyT
aa n3MepeH TOKa
3amuvu cuaonoro rpaucўopaTopa ll0/6--10 KB. Ha pc. 13.8 npe-
CTaBeHa nocHmafl CXeMa 3aT, TpaHcopMaTopa, a Ha pnc. 13.9 
TOKOBble enH x enH OnepaTBHOrO TOKa HepeHHaabHOfi TOKOBO 3a-
UTb, MaKCMabHOfi TOKOBO 3anT, 3aUT OV neperpyaK, pete
Ayaa TpaHcopaTOpa  pete KOHTp0 TOKa KOpOTKO3aMKaT. B cxeMe
Cnb3TCa peae Tuna 3T-ll (KAWI, KAW2), PT40/P5 (KSA1),
PT 40 (KAI--KA4), pete npoeyvoqHoe PH-321 (KLF1, KLF2), pete
apeueH PBM 12 (KTI).
Ha pc. 13.10 npHaeena cxeua uenefi onepaTnaHoro TOKa ra3oofi 3a-
HT TpaHcOpaTopa (KOHTaKT KSG1, KSG2) u enu OTKmqeHH

852 HaaOKa yCTpOўCTO P3A Paaa. 13
§ 13.6 Oco6enuocru naaOxu gcTpocea P3A
I<T
PHc. 13.7. 1-IpmlHnHaabHaa cxeMa TOKOBblX ienefi H oIIepaTHBHbIX KeIIe
MaKCHMa,'IbHOI?I TOKOBO 3allIHTbl JIHHHH 35 KB
]teIHTela H BKJIK)qeHHa KOpOTKO3aMbIKaTeIa C HCnOb3OBaHHeM 6OKa Ta
a  3apaa KOHeHCaTOpOB Tna B3-401 (UGC1) Ha 220 B,
qaeMoro K HHKaM EY.N, EY.O 6aOKOa KOHeHCaTOpOB BK-402 Ha 80 K
400 B  BK-401 Ha 40 MK H 400 B.
BKqeHHe KOpOTKO3aMKaTena npoHaBOAHTC OT AeCTBHfl 3ameT
(KOHTaKT KLF3, KLF4) a SeKwpoMarHW BKqeHa KOpOTKO3aKaTe"
a YACIQN1 220 B. OwKmqeHe OWeHW HpOH3BOHTC_KOHTaKTOM
pete 5OKpOBK KLB1 c KOHTpOeM OTCyTa TOKa  (KSAI)
TOKa qepe3 KOp0TKO3aKaTeb (KAB1).
353
PIle. 13.8. I'IoЈICHЈIIOMaI cxeMa 3aIIDITM
CHaOBOrO TpaHCqbopMaTopa 110/6--
I0 KB
frO HB
,< BO
Ha cxeMe noKa3aiM enH 3apflAa H pa3paa 6OKOB KOHeHCaTOpOB,
aMn  COnpOTBneHH pa3pa 5OKOB KOHeHcaTOpOB, npHMeHaeMx
B pea3uHOfi cxee.
HTaHe ra3oBofi 3amHTM nO paCCMOTpeHHOfi CxeMe AonycTMO TObKO
npH Haaq epeHa3HOfi 3amT TpaHcopMaTopa.
13.6. OcO6eHHOCTH HaJIa,KH yCTpOfiCTB P3A
Ha IlepeMeHHOM oIIepaTHBHOM TOKe

§. 13.6 Oco6ennoczu aJaOKu yczpoaczea P3A 355
Ha.aOKa gczpoOcre P3A Pa3A. 13
354
Pac. 13.9. CxeMa TOKOBbIX Iene a Renefi onepaTaBHOrO ToKa AaqbqbepeHI14-
aIbttO 3allaTbl, MaKcaMabHO 3aUIaTM, 3aUIWrbl OT zeperpy3H caoBor
TpaHCbOpMaTopa 110/6--10 KB
CG3
ome./lzmeTR
epame -
Pac. 13.10. CxeMa enefi onepaTaBHOrO TOKa ra30BOfl 3amaTBi CaJIOBOrO
TpaHcqbopMaTOpa II0/6--I0 KB a uena OTKJllOtIeHa oTAeJlaTeJI H BK]O-
qeHafl KOpOTKO3aMblKaTeJla
ca npMeaeaae KaKHX-JIH60 BaAOB cMa3Ka, l-[poBepeIHbe pete yCTaHaBa-
BaIOTCa B npaBOA, a npoBepaeTc OTCyTCTBae nepeKocoB a CBO602HOe ABa-
ZeHe BCex HOAaKHbX acTe. YIocae TOrO npOa3BOAaTC npoBepKa OT-
Kaoaonlero aMnynbca MeXaHa3Ma npaBoAa a COBMeCTHaa perylapoBKa
ero c pene.
CoraacoBaaae xoAa 60flKa peae a 9JIeKTpOMaFHaTOB C OTKJIIOqalOIIIHM
MeXaHH3MOM npHBOAOB npoa3BOAaTCa AJIa KaKAOrO pene a ]eKTpOMarHH-
Ta, yCTaHOBaeHHOrO B IlpaBoAe. [Ipa 3TOM ,OJ]KHbl BbIIIOJIHaTbca CJIelyIO-
[ilHe ycJIoBaa:
23*

356 HaaOa ycrpocr8 P3A Pa3. 13 § 13.6 Oco6euuocru uaaOu ycTpocTsa P3A 357
fl pete PTM H aJIeKTpOMarHHTOB OTKIIOqeHHfl KacaHHe 60KOM a-
KH OTKqae naHK OHO HpOHCXOTb KaK MOHO no3e, Korea
x CepeqHHKH HMeT HaH6oRme TroBOe ycne. PaCCTOflHHe OT 60fiKa
o anKH OTKqae HaHKH OHO 6TB He MeHee 6
a Bcex pe n aeKTpOMarHTOB 3anac xoa 6OfiKa oce pacen
eHa OTKqaero MexaH3Ma oen 5TB OKoo 2 MM.
HponepKa conpOTHBeH 30ff  CnTaHe ee nOBmeHHM
npaeHeM BnOHaTCa a nO.qHO cxee. HOaTOMy peBapTbHO
Hbl 6bITb C06paH en nepeueHoro ToKa  nanpenua, enH ynpaa-
eHHg  nponepeHa paBHbHOCTb cOeHHeHH, COOTBeTCTBHe X pH"
abHbIM  MOHTaHbIM CXeMaM  3aTKa Bcex KOHTaKTHblX coeHHeHfi.
ConpOTHBneHHe H30ff 3MepfleTCfl MeraoMMeTpoM Ha 1000 B OT-
HOCHTebHO Kopnyca n Mey CO6Ofi. COnpOTHBeHHe H30H  sa-
OrO npHcoeHfleHHfl OHO MTb He HHe 1 OM. p'yOBneTBOpH-
TebHblX pe3ybTaTax ffpOH3BOHTC HCffTaHHe H30H BCeX enefi OT-
HOCHTebHO Kopnyca HanpfleHHeM 1 KB nepeMeHHoro TOKa B TeqeHHe
1 MHH.
poaepa aaeTpqecKx xapaepcTK pete  aeKTpOMaFHHTOB Bbl-
nOHfleTc B ceymmeM 05eMe.
Y pete PTM u TOKOSbgX egTpOaeHUTO6 0Tgeu npoBepeTCfl
TOK cpa6aTbtaaHHfl Ha BaeX ycTaaKax HnH oTnafiKax; HacTpaHBaeTCfl 3aaH-
Hafl yCTaBKa TOSa cpaSaTBaHH, H3MepeTc nonHoe BpeM cpaSaTaa-
HHfl pH KpaTHOCTH TOKa B pete I H 1,5.
Y pete PTB npoBepfleTCfl TOK cpa.6aTBaHH Ha Bcex ycTaaKax
oTnafiKax, yaTaHaBnHBaeTcfl 3aaHHaff yCTaBKa TOKa cpa6aTBaHHfl 
epKa apeMeH  He3aBHCHMO qacT xapaKTepHCTHK nH np 3aaHHOM
TOKe, CHMaeTC 3aBHCHMOCTb tcp=f(/cp) Ha pa60qe yCTaBSe, ff3MepffeT-
C KOgHHeHT BOaBpaTa pete a 3aBHCMOfi H He3aBHCHMO qaCTflX xapaK-
TepHCTHKH.
Y pete uuabHoeo uanpeu npoBepeTc HanpfleHe cpaSa-
TBaHff n BO3BpaTa pete, yCTaHaaHBaeTC 3aaHHa BbepKa BpeMe-
H, 3MepeTc TOg B pene npn MHHHMabHOM HanpeHm
Y 6oupyeeo pete OTUT npoBepeTC TOK CpaSaTIBaH pe-
he, npoBepfleTcfl pete Ha BHSpaHm O MaKCMabHOrO 3HaqeHH TOKa K3
HpH BKqeHHOM KOpOTKO3aMKaTee.
 eKTpOMarHHTOB OTKqeHH H qeH npoBepfleTcfl Hanpe-
HHe cpa6aTBaHHfl H BOaBpaTa, naMepgeTcg TOK aeKTpOMarHHTa pH HOMH-
HabHOM HanpfleHHm
Cxeu peryapoaang Toga. HpH HacTpOKe pete TnOa PTM  PTB
yqHTMBaeTCfl norpemHOCTb TpaHcopMaTOpOB TOKa. HacTpOfiKy yCTaBOIў
pe He3aBHCHMO OT pe3ybTaTOB pacqeTo BeyT TaK, qTO6 aBTOMaTHqe-
CK yqTbtaacb norpemHOCT TpaHcopMaTOpOB TOKa. B 60bmefi Mepe
TO OTHOCHTCfl K pene Ta PTB, HMeHM 3HaqHTebHOe conpOTBeHe
OMOTOK H 3aBHcHMym OT ToKa BepKy npeMeHm HaCTpOKa pe OT
nOCTOpOHHerO CTOqUKa 5e3 yqeTa nrpemHOCTefi TpaHcopMaTOpOB TOKa
MOeT pHBeCTH K TOMy, qTO ffp ReHCTBHTebHOM K3 BuepKa BpeMe-
HH eFO 3HflqHTebHO yBHqHTC nO cpaBHeH C pacqeTHOfi. CxeMa po-
BepK pe THna PTB npBeeHa Ha pHc. 13.11.
B 9TO cxeMe a 05MOTKy pete NAT, BKmqeHHym napabHo BTO-
pnqHOfi OMOTKe TpaHCOpMaTOpa TOKa, oaeTcfl TOK. pff TaKOM BK-
qeHH COpOTHBeHHe BTOpqHOfi OMOTKH TpaHcOpMaTOpa TOKa BKqe-
HO OCeOBaTbHO C ConpoTHBeHHeM BeTB HaMaFHHqHBaHHg. ConpOT-
PHc. 13.11. CxeMa npoBepKH
PTB
PrY
Pc. 13.12. CxeMa poBepK 9/IeKTpOMarHI4TOB BKJIIOqeHI4fl I40TK/IIOqeHHfl:
a- a,rleKTpOMaFHHTOB nepeMeuoro TOKa; 5 a,rleKTpOMarnTOB IIOCTOHHOFO TOKa

358 HanaOra ycTpocTo P..A Paa/L 13
TOdlqKOM H H3MepriOT BpeMH cpa6aTrBaHltH. CHHMaeTcH 3aBHCHMOCTb Bpe
MeHH 6pa6aTaBaHnH OT TOKa B pene tcp-----f(Ip) Ha pa6oqe yCTaBKe.
KOMeHAyeTcH BpeMH ortpeAeaTb rtpt TOKaX, paaHtaX l; 1;5; 2; 2,5; 3;
3,5; 4 ToKa cpa6aTtIBaHrlH.
Pa36poc BpeMeHH cpa6aTtaBaHHH n He3aBHCHM0t qaCTH xapaKTepHCTH-
KH AnH pene paautax 3aBOAOB He Ao,rIHieH npeBmaTb 0,2--0,3 c. Pa35poc
cneyeT yqnTtanaTb npH cornacOBaHtH CO CMeI, KHhIMH 3allHTaMn.
I-pOH3BOHTCfl HacTpOfiKa 3aaHtttax yCTaBOK pete PTB no cxeMe pHc.
13.13, u oce sroro KoqbqbilIrleHT BO3BpaTa H3MepHeTCH KaK B e3aBCH-
MOfi TaK H B 3aBIICHMOI?I qacTIl xapaKTepHCTHKIL
RR2 KA T [
I
Prec. 13.13. CxeMa npoBepKH KoqbqbHttHeHTa BoanpaTa peae PTB
FlpH BKdlIOqeHHOM BhIKdlIOqaTedle SI H OTKJIIOqeHHOM $2 peocTaTOM
RR2 DO aMnepMeTpy PA2 ycTaannaeTCa npelnoaraeita TOK Bo3npa-
Ta pete KAT, paBHtafi 0,8--0,7 TOKa cpaSaTtaBam 3aTeM nKiOaeTCa
BKOqaTe, $2 H peoCTaTOM RRI DO aMnepMeTpy PAl ycTaaaBHBaeT-
ca npuMepHo 23-KpaTHmfi TOK cpadaTbIBaHna. BK3mqaTe3b Sl OTK-
qaeTca, ceKyoMep PTY yCTaHaB3HBaeTCa Ha Hyb H BbIqaTe3b SI
CHOBa .BKqaeTC. O ceKyHAOMepy OTCqHTbIBaeTCfl BpeMfl Ha 0,50,7C
MeHbme BepKH BpeMeHH poBepaeMO pe3e B He3aBHCHMO qacTH xa-
paKTepHCTHKH, H B 9TOT MOMeHT BMKqaTeab S20TKqaeTC. TaKHM
06pa3oM HMHTHpyeTCa CKBO3HOe K3 a aHHOro pete u OTKqeHH eFO
OTHM nyTeM noA6paeTcfl MaKCMabHOe 3aqeHHe ToKa B eH
PA2, RR2, np KOTOpOM pete TOKa KAT ne OTKqeHHa
S2 BO3BpaaeTca B Haqa3bHOe no3omeHe. TOT TOK H 5yev TOKOM BO3-
Bpava np paSoTe peae B HaBBCBMOfi qaCTH xapaKvepcT.
AHa3orqao 3mepca TO HO3BpaTa pe3e  np paSoTe pe3e B 3a-
BHCHMO qacTn xapaKTepCTKH. B 9TOM cyqae CyMMapBfi TOK B
3e ycTaaBaBaeTca paBHm 1,21,5 Ka cpaSaTBaa.
HSXOMO OTMeTHTb, q ffpH HacTpOfiKe pe vna PTB 3mepgev-
c CymMa BpeMeHH cpaaTBaH pe H BpeMeHH OTqeHH Bqa-
Te AO Haqaaa pa3MKaHHH KOHTaKTOB.
Haaaa npoMemyToHmx pe TSna PH-341 HnOaH B TOM e
O6Me, q H HaaAKa npoMeyTOqHX peae ApyrHx THnO C HeKOTOpMH
OSeHHOCTMH. HpH HaaaAKe MexaHHO qaCTH pe PH-341 H6XO-
§ 13.6 Oco6ennocru nanacgru ycrpoacroa P3A 359
)IHMO 06parnb oco6oe BItHMaHIte Ha peryarpoBaaHe caaoBax KOHTaKTOB,
o6ecneaanaomrx 6pa3pRBaoe nepeKaaeHne ene TpaHc0pMarOpOa
TOKa B cxeMax c emyHTHpOBaHHeM KaTymeK OTqeHa HpHB0OB BH-
Kaqazee. KaK ye OTMeqflb, yCHaeHHHe KOIiTaKTH THX pe CHO-
CO6H myaTHpOBaTb H AemyHTapOBaTb enb npH BTopHqHX KaX 0
150 A. KOHTaT HopmanbHoro cnonneHna pe PH-341 cnoco6a paa-
mKflTb eHb nepeMeHoro TOKfl MOHTbIO 450 B.A npa TOKe O 2 
 nanpameHnH Ao 220 B a 3aMMKaTb eb MOmH0CTb I0 B.A np TOKe
ao 15 A H HanpaenHa ao 220 B.
oq
Pc. 13.14. CxeMa BHyTpeHHHX coeArlHeHl4t pete BpeMeHH:
a- PB-218, PB-248; 5- PB-215 K, PB-245 K
rIpoBe.pHeTeH T0K epa6aTtaBaHHH, B03BpaTa pete H TOK HaexiHOfi pa-
6OT. pH npoBepKe T0K peryaHpyea peocTaTOM. THM o6eaHaea
cnnyeoaabHafl opMa, H6XOAUMafl AH npaBnabHO HacTpOKn peze
e nacmamnMaCn rpaacopMaropaMm TOK noaercn aa aamaM pe
8.14.
ff OeHKH CTOHHHH BapaMHTbHOFO MTa B pe CHHMaeTca
xapaKTepaCTHKa 8aBHeHMTH BpaMeHHOrO HapeHn Ha 3amHMax
pe 11-13 or roa a nepaHqHO O6MOTKe aacmmameroca TpaHcOpMaxO-
pa o BTOpaqHOrO pacqeTHO ToKa
Haaa&a pe pemeHn ana PB-200. Pe npeAaaaHaaeHO Apa pa6o-
Tm Ha nepeMeHHOM onepaTHBHOM TOKe aa Co3AaHHa peryHpyeMOfi Bm-
AepKH BpeMeHH. UycK pe PB-217PB-248 npoacXOAHT npa noAae aa-
apaeHHa Ha O O6MOKy.
aa pe PB-215--PB-245, nyc KOTOpX npoHcxoaT npH CHaTaa
HanpameHHa C OSMOTKH npHBO& MexaHHaMa AOOHeH BCOMOTbHM
pqaro n 3aBOAHOfi npyHHO. CXeM BHyTpeHHHX coeAHHeHHfi pe ape-
MeHH PB 218 PB-248, PB-215 K, PB-245 K npBeH Ha pac. 13.14.
THaqKHe xapaKTepraKH pe PB-200 AaHM B Ta6a. 13.7.
Pe PB-215--PB-245  KOMeKTe C BnpaMarbHM FCTpOCTBOM
-00 paTaT B Tpa3HX CXeMax H O3HaqaTea COOTBeTCTBeHHO
PB-215 K--PB-245 K.
B 06eM npoBepKH pe npH HOBOM BKqeHHH BXOAHT: npooepKa Me-

360 HaAaOga ycrpottcre P2A Pa3. 13
• T a 6 a H u, a 13.7. TexllHqeotHe xapatTepHcrmtu peae npeMenH PB-200
T. pea
PB-215
PB-225
PB - 235
PB-245
PB,215K
PB- 225K
PB - 235K
PB- 245K
PB-217
PB- 227
PB- 237
P B - 247
PB-218
PB- 228
PB- 238
PB- 248
0,1--1,3
0,25--3,5
0,5--9,0
1,0--20
0,1--1,3
0,25--3,5
0,5--9,0
1,0--20
0,1--1,3
0,25--3,5
0,5--9
1,0--2,0
0,I--1,3
0,25--3,5
0,5--9,0
1,0--20
HOMH o
Ha.qbHOe
HarlpKeo
HHe UHOM, I
I00
127
220
380
100
220
100
220
He Hop-
MHpyeTCH
210
I000
He Op-
MHpyeTcH
c BIz,e p :KOfi
BpeMeBH
OEHOBHOfi
H BPeMeH-
HO 3aMbl-
Ka IOID, Hfi
} OCHOBHO
H BpeMeH-
liO 3aMbl-
OCHOBHO!YI
OCHOBHOfi
H BpeMeH-
O 3aM-
Kauifi
fIepe K,rIlO-
l-lepeKa.
[-lepeK/IIO-
qallLqfi
H p H M e  a H H e. a pete yKaaaHHX THnOB npH l,lOHo M TepMHqeCKa
CTOflKOCTb HTebHaa.
XaHHqeCKOi qacTH H BHelLIHH! OCMOTp; npoBepKa COCTOHHHH H3OdlHH, HH
tmKporacttTeSHoro KOHTypa, BnpHMTeHOrO ycTpoficTBa BY-200; 3Me-
peHHe COIIpOTHBIeHHH nOCTOflHHOMy TOKy ReIIH 06MOTKH peae (Aa TepMH 
qeCKH CTOiKHX pete); npoBepKa HanpHXieHHH cpa6aTtSaHHa H so3spaTa
a TaKxe SpeMeHH cpa6aTbBaHH.
Ilpu npoeepne exau,ecno acTu pete PB-215--PB-245 neo6XOaH-
MO yqHThIBaTb, qlo qacoBO MexaHH3U Ib:*KeH 6bTb yCTaHOBJIeH TaK,
6U npn BTflHyTOM Hope n IIOJIHOCTbIO 3aBeIeHHOM MeXaHU3Me MeZly pO-
JIHKOM H OCHOBHhIM KaqaOmHMCH pqaroM 6a 3a3op 0,5--I MM, JqHThIBa 
eTCH TaKKe, qTO IlpH OTHyIIJ, eHHOM IKOpe MeK,y IlaIbII, eM 3aBOlHOrO pmara
qacoBoro MeXaHH3Ma Ii BClIOMOraTeabHblM pblqaroM Z, OaKeH 6hITb 3aaop
He MeHee 0,5 MM,
Ilpoeepa cocronuun uaoz,guu, KaK npaBHao, FIpoHaBOIHTCH B rlOIHO
cxeMe.
Ilpoeepa ucpoeacurebnoeo ronrypa 3aKaloqaeTcH a npoBepKe ero
3JIeMeHTOB.
IIpooepa otnnpnure.bnoeo ycrpodcoa BY-200 nnoaHeTcH, ec
nanpHzeHUe cpa6avunaHuH HH noanpaTa pete uxoWr Ba HOpMHpyeue
npeleatJ, a raKace npa pa6ore peae c nOBmeHHOfi B6paHefi.
Hpooepna uanpnetua cpa6arbtoatua u ooaapara pene IIpoI,ISBOII'ITC
C noMomo nepeaocaoo ycTpoCTBa YH3-1 (6a0ў K-500)  Y5053'
(6OK K-513). HapH)KensH 3MepHoTcH np5opaM Kacca TOHOCV e
§ 13.6 Oco6ennocru nanaOxu ycTpoacraa P3A 861
Ta6aHRa t3.8. Hanpamenna cpa6aThmaHHH H BOaBpara peae PB-200
THH peae UcD/UHo M UB/UHo M
PB-217--PB-248
PB-215--PB-245
PB-215K--PB-245K
<0,85
0,05--0,55
0,35 (nplt TpexqbaaHOM
IIHTaHHH)
0,55 (pH ByXCaSaOM
HHTaHHH)
>0,05
0,8
0,8

362 HaAaOra yctpotco P3A Pa3,. 13
T a 6 a H a 13.9. Pa36poc aHaqeHHfl u OTKaOHeHHe OT ycTanKH npeMeHU
cpa6aTuSaHHn peae PB-200
0,I--,3
0,25--3,5
0,5--9,0
1,0--20
Paa6poc saa-
0,06
0,12
0,25
0,8
(rKJIOHeHHe Or yCTSBKII, C
MHHHMS.q bHOl
+0,05
0,I
__.0,12
+0,2
MaKCHMabHO
__+0,15
-*-0,4
0,5
+1,5
0,05--0,12
0, I--0,4
0,25--0,75
0,6--I,6
pOjIBHraTeJlfl, B, HanpflKeHHfl cpa6aTbIBaHHfl aeKTpOMaFHHTHOFO ctteIae-
HHa, B; HanpameHHa BO3BpaTa eKTpOMarHHTHO ceneHa, B; HaCTpO-
Ka pete Ha pa6OqHX yCTaBKaX np Uo H poBepKa qeTKOCTH pa6oT
pete npH 0,8 Uo.
HaaaAa yCpOCT Hna YKH. Cxeia yCTpOcTBa YKH 1-380 npeA-
cTaBaeHa Ha pc. 13.15. CxeMa yCTpOCTBa K1-220 HeaHaHTebO OT-
HqaeTca OT CXeibI YKH1 380  3eCb He npHBOaTCa. OCO6eHHOCTH CXeM
YKH1-380 ceyme. UepeKaTeeM SI ocymecTBaeTca nepeKme-
HHe c pa6oqefi HHHH Ha peaepBHy H OTKaDqeHHe yCTpOfiCTB nHTaHHa OT
nHTaDmefi CeTm ConpOTHBeHHa RI--R6 onpeeaDT TOK Harpy3KH Ha
BBOAaX <<320 A>>, cOpOTHBeHHa RT--Rg--Ha BBOaaX ў150 A>>.
epeKDqaTeH $3--$5, S5 KOMMyTHpyT yCTpOCTBO B paaHqHbx
peHMaX pa6oT. 3aHTa OT TOKOB K Hfl CTOpOHe BnpaMeHHOrO Hanpa-
eHHa ocyeCTBaeTCa 6CTpOefiCTByDHMH peoxpaHHTeaMH FI--FI2
aa VKHI-220 H FI--F5 aaa YKHl-380. CHrHaHe KOHTaKT npeao-
XpaHHTeefi BKDqeH B eb HHTaHHH yKasaTeaHOrO pete K5. ABTOMaTH-
qeCKHfi BMKDqaTeb SF 3aHaeT yCTpOfiCTBO HTaHH OT BHyTpeHHHX
K3 H neperpyaoK. Pa3MKaDmH KOHTaKT peae K3 c aMepKofi apemeH
I C AefiCTByeT Ha yKa3aTebHOe pete K6 npH HCqeaHOBeHHH BnpaMaeHHOrO
HanpmeHH.
HaaAKa yCTpOCTBa 3aKDqaeTca B'HpoBepKe H30HHH H oHpO60Ba-
HHH B pa3HqHX peHMaX.
CoHpOTHBeHHe HaOaHH HaMepaeTCa OTHOCHTebHO Kopnyca c HOMO-
b BObTMeTpa HOOqepeAHMM HOXKaDqeHHeM K HHaM +>> H -->>.
CTpOCTBO VKH2 (pHC. 13.16) coaepmHr KaTyKy HHAyKTHBHTH
L3, B KOTOpO HpoHcxoAHT HaKOnaeHHe 9eKTpOMaFHHTHO aHeprHH npH no-
Aaqe HaHpaeHa Ha 9eKTpOMaFHHT BKqeHHH BKaqaTeAe H CHCTeMy
KOMMyTaHH, oSecneqHBaD 5CTpOe HOAKDqeHHe yKa3aHHO KaTym-
KH K eKTpOMaFHHTy B caae BKaDqeHHH BmKDqaTeaH Ha K3, coHpo-
BoAaDeeca pe3KHM CHHeHHeM HanpaeHHa.
CTpOCTBO HMeeT ABa pemHMa paT: Pa6oTa>> H Onpo6OBaHHe>>.
B peHMe ўPa6oTa nepeKDqaTeb $2 yCTaHaBaHBaeTc B nooe-
HHe ўPa6oTa>>, nepeKaDqaTeb SI--B nooeHHe I cBKDqeHo>>.
pH HoAaqe HanpaeHH Ha aeKTpOMaFHHT BKqeHHH BMKaqaTe
qepea HBHqHy OSMOTKy TpaHcopmaTopa TOKa TA2 HpoxOAHT TOK HO
ReHH X1 (ў,+ .HHTaHHa), 3aHM I-2 TpaHcopmaTopa TOKa TA2, aH-
§ 13.6 Oc06eocTu uaaac)nu ycTpof*cTaa P3A 363
Pc. 13.15. eKTp4qecKaa npnHKHrtHa,bHafl cxeMa ycTpoflCTBa THrta
YKHI-380
B) naqnrlaev npoTegaTb TOK nO IenH X1, VD4, Rg, R4, R5 nepBnqHaa
O6MOTKa TpancqbopMaTopa TA1, V5, X3;"
r) cpa6aTaaeT pete KI, a aaTeM K2.
KOnTaKT peae KIn K2 myuTnpyOT BTOpnnyo O6MOTKy Tpancpop-
MaTOpa TOKa TA2, o6ecneqnBaa OInoKpavnOCTb noaqn OTnnpamtaero nu-
nybca ua ynpannmulni aeKTpOl TnpncTopa VS.
Ecan BKamqenne BbKOqaTefl COnpOBOKIaeTcfl BOannKnOBenUeM K3
B CeTU, nanpnKenne nnTannfl KFI2 peaKo yMenbmaeTca, qTO npnBonv
KpeaKOMy yMeHbllIeHHtO TOga B nepBnqltofl O6MOTKe TpaHcqbopMaTopa TOga
TAI. HpH aTOM Ha aTopHqHofi O6MOTKe TA1 tpMHpyevў HMny./lbC orKphI-

364
Ha.aOra ycTpOtCTO P3A
Pa3,. 13
S
V137
Ptc. 13.16. 3leKTpltqeCKat nptHtinntaabnafl cxeMa yCTpOfiCrBa YKYI2
BaOIfl TIptcTop V3, noce qero HaqnnaeTcfl paapnl KOHeHcaTopOB
C2--C4 qepea aTymKy L1, TupncTopb'V3, V5. TO paapsa 3anHpae
TnpncTop VS. aeTpoMarnTHa aHeprnfl, 3anacenHafl B aTyme L3, B-
eaeTcfl a aaeTpoMarHuTe BKaqeHnfl BKaaTeafl (paapfl nponcxo-
nT no uenu L3, VD3, X4, aaeTpoMarHnT BaqaTea, X3, VDT, L3),
o6ecnequBafl Baqenne BaqaTeafl Ha K3 C nocaoh MexaHnaMa npa-
BOa Ha aameaKy B COOTBeTCTBnU C Tpe6OBaHMU FOCT 687--78 E.
PemnM <<Onpo6oBaHne>> npeaycMoTpeH c eab npoBepn ncnpaBHOCT
aaeMeHTOB cxeM n pa6oTocnoCO6HOCTn ycTpohcTBa. B aTOM pemnMe nepe-
3qaTe3b $2 nepeBonTcn B nooeHne Onpo6oBaHne>> (aauaTca
oHa 5-8, paauaTcn 2-3), noce qero aauaeTcn Hona $3. Hpn
aTOU qepea nepBnqHy 06UoTy TpaHcOpMaTopa TA2 npoxonT O, or-
paHnqeHn peancTopou R6. uybc na BOpnqHO OSUoTe TA2 oTpu-
naeT TnpncTop V5, n cxeMa paSoae aHaornqHO pemnuy PaSoa npa
HopMabHOM BKqeHHH
Paapn HHyKTHBHOCTH L3 s pemHMe ўOnpo6osanne* nponcxouT qe-
pea no VD7, yKaaaTebnoe peae K3 n no VD5 (.no uena L& ona-
TU pete KI, VDT, K3, VDS, L3). Cpa6auBanne ysaaaTeabnoro peae can-
§ 13.6 Oco6eunocTu na.aOru yc'potc'sa P3A 35
eTeIbCTByeT 06 ItCrlpaBHOCTIt 9aeMeHTOB cxeMhl H ee pa6oTocIIOCO6tIOCTH.
Hamepenue corpoTusAet.lu5 u3oAyt4u FIpOH3BOHTC MeiKy BblBOaMH
TOKOBeAymHx uene, He CH3aHHMX Mey co6o aeKTpHqeCKH, a TaKe
MeAy BBOaMH aTHX uene n xopnycoM. OHO XOaHO 6Tb He MeHee
10 MOM. HcnTa npoBoAazca MeraOMўTpOM a anpeee 1000 B.
 eenua e pa6o n y c  p o h c  n e YKI eo6xoMO:
peKqaTeb S1 yCTaHOBHTb B nooee 1 CPa6OTa, nepeKaqaTeb $7
aBTOMaZuech Bqaeab 2; BKaqTb nepeauaTeaaM $3, $4,
S HyHM BMXO; noKa3aHHe BObTMeTpa np OM OaO COOTBeTCTBO-
BaTh anpaem xoaocToro xoAa,
B y c  p o  c • n e YKH2 eo6xoM0: nepeauaTe SI yCTaHO-
po6oBaeee>>; eaazb eonKy $3, np TOM B cnpaBOM YKH2 a0eH
Bnac yKaaTeb peae K3; nepeuaTe $2 nepeBecT B nooe{e
cPa6oTa, yKa3aTeabHOe pete BO3BpaTHTb B HCXOHOe ffOOeHHe.
HsMepeHee conpoTBeHa O B ycTpoczee YKH1-220 npoes-
BOHTCff caeyM o6pa3OM:
nepeUaTeab $7 ycTpohcTa YKffl-220 yCTaHaBBaeTCa n cpea-
Hee no3omeHffe cnunpaMaeHHoe Hanpameffffe>>, H3MepfleTefl HanpfleHne;
nepeKqaTeb $7 yCTaHaBHBaeTca B noomeHe cuba>>, HKCHpyTca
ffoKaaaHHa BOabTMeTpa <<Ua>>, B;
nepeKqaTeb $7 ycTaHaB3BaeTca B no3omeHne ўUa+>>, HKcHpy-
TCa noKaaaHHa BObTMeTpa cU+>>, B;
onpeAe3aeTCa cOnpOTUBaeHe uao3au CMHHyC>>, OM, O Opiy3e
129. I0  (Ua -- U- + Us+)
Ua+ '
onpee3aeTca copoTHBeHHe HaOaHH mHH ўC>>, OM, nO op-
My3e
129. 10 (Ua -- U- + Uaa+)
nepeKaqaTe3 $7 yCTaHaB3BaeTca  cpeaee o3omee.
B yCTpOCTe VKH2 no3aTCa c3eyme sMepea n perya-
pOBKH:
aaMepee HHyKTHBHOCTH H aKTHBHOFO conpoTB3eHa KaTymeK L2
 L3. apameTp STYX KaTymeK AO3m 6T B npee3ax: L2--L--
1 MFHI0 %; R--3,00m10 %; L3--L--88 iFa10 %; R-0,90M5 %;
npoBepKa  peryaapoeKa pe3e KI  K2. O6pamaeTca emaHe Ha
3a30p Mey nOABHHMM H HeOABHHMM KOHTaKTaMH (AOeH 6MTb He
Menee 2,5 MM), Ha pOBa KOHTaKTHX MOCTHKOB (AOeH 6MTb He ie-
Hee 0,5 MM), aa Boayma aaaop Merely aKopei  CKO60 aaeKTpoiarTa
B cpa6oTaHHOM COCTOaH (OeH 6Tb He Melee 0,5 MM fl npeoTBpa-
eHHa aa3naaa aKopa a-aa OCTaTOqHOFO HaMaFHHqHBaHHff).
ponepKa 6aOKOB nTa. pOH3BOAHTC BHemHH OCMOTp Ha OTCyT-
CTBHe MeXaHHqecKHX OBpeAeHH; npoBepaeTca MoBTa H COCTOflHHe Me-
XaHHqKo qacTH; BpOH3BOAHTCfl npoBepKa HaeHOCTH Kpen3enua Bcex
9,eMeHTOB, KaqecTBa naeK u 60TOBX COeHHeHH.
ponepa Baoaauu npOH3BOHTCfl pH BHyTOM H3 630Ka nHTaHHff
noaapaoaaoM pe3e P THna PH-7(63OKa BH3-401), SaKop0qex K0a-

866 HaaOra gcrpocre P3A Paaa. 13
,. - PV2 L RR
Pac. 13.17. CxeMa npoBepKu (/OKa IIITaHU BrIH.II
Pic. 3.18. CxeMa rlpoBepKIi 6,rIOKa UlITaHIiff BrIH-1002
llpoaepxa 6oxa nuraua na pa6oux ycTaatcax v.a XOAOCTO xoOy
npouaBOanca y 6ZOKOa EHH-11, EHH-I'002, H3-401 no CXeMe, npnae-
eHHOfi Na pnc. 13.17 nan 13.18 (azn 6ZOKa HH-1002).
Hpu XOOCTOM xoe 6oKa naTaHnn (Kq SAI OTZamqen) naBno
aeHqnBaeTcfl HapfleHHe Ha ero axoe OT ny O HOMHHabHO 3Ha-
qen. Hpn 'nanpnenu 10--15 % n 100 % HOMHabHOrO n3MepneTC TOK
XOOCTOrO xoa n BUXOHOe HanpfleHne. TOK XOOCTO xoa npn Hanp-
eHnn Ha BUXOe 115 % HOMnUabnoro oamen COCTaBVb He 6oaee
1025 % l.o.x, a aXOHOe HaHpenne  10--15 % auaqeHfi, naMe-
peNnX np NOUnnabHOM nanpfleHn.
 5OKOn BHT-II, BHT-1002, BH3-402 nponepKa nponanonTcn no
cxeMe, npeaeeHHOfi Ha pnc. 13.18.
Hp XOOCTOM xoe 6OKa anTan (Kmq SAI OTqeH} aaano
yaeanqaBaeTcfl TOK a axoe OV nyfl O TOKa HacTyaaeHn CeppopeaoHaH-
ca. 3a OK HacyneHnfl eppopeaoHaHca npnHMaecfl MaKCnyM aXOHOrO
TOKa, noce KOTOporo Ha6maecfl peaKoe yMenbmeHue oKa npu npaK-
• nqecKn HeHaMenHOM noomeHnn perynopa aBvoTpaHcopMaopa. Ea
§ 13.6 Ocodennocru nanaaxu ycrpoacraa P3A 367
TOK COOTBeTCTByeT TeXHHqeCKHM xapaKTepnCTnKaM (CM. Ta6n. 13.4), TO 6HOg
NUTaHHff CqHTaeTcu HcnpaBHM.
Hposepa 6oxo8 nuraun na pa6oux ycraaxax noO naepyaxoa npo-
HaBOHTCff NO cxeMe, NpnBeeunofi Ha pnc. 13.17 HZH 13.18.
HpH NpoBepKe 6OKOB nHTaHHU nO aarpyaKOfi znreZbHOe npOTeKaane
TOKa MflKCUMabUOfi HarpyaKn ffeoNyCTHMO, NOaTOMy n3MepeHnU B aTOM
peuMe caeyeT NpOUaBOHTb 6cTpo, a UUTaHHe NOaBaTb B CXeMy npo-
BepKa KpaTKOBpeMeHHO.
Ha BXO 6zoKa nOKqaeTCU peancTop c COnpOTHBeHHeM, COOTBeT-
CTByHM aKCyaTaHOUHOfi narpyaKe B peuMe MaKCHMabHOFO noTpe6-
eHHU.
PHc. 13.19. CxeMa NpoBepKn BpeMeHn aapffa 6zoKa KOHeucaTopoB
H3MepUeTCU HanpuKeHHe Ha BxoAe 6OKa UHTaHUa NpH NoAaqe Ha
ero axoA nanpamenna, paanoro 0,8; 1,0; 1,1 noMnabHoro BXOAUOrO Ha-
paeuu (aaa 6aooa BHH-II, BHH-I2, BH3-401), nn oa, paano-
ro 1,0; 1,2; 1,25 ycaan
BHT-1 l, BHT-1002, BH3-402).
Ho eayabTaTaM aalepeHa onpeae3aeTca HanpaeHne (TOK) Ha.e-
HOfi pa6oTu, T.e. MnnnMaZHoe uanpaene (TOK) na BXOe 6ZOKa nnTa-
HUff, npu KoTopoM o6ecneqnBaeTc nanpfleHae na ero BUxoe, paBU 0,8
HOMUHaabHOrO BUXOmro uanpneHnn.
Hpoaepra nonapuaoaauuo pete npu noOxnueuuoa naepyaxe 6noxa
EH3-401 npouaBOanTCn ao cxeMe puc. 13.17 apn noazqeHHOfi HarpyaKe
(KZq SAI aKzmqeH). Hanpflmenne cpa6aTBaHUa peze P, naMepenuoe Ha
BXOe 6OKa nHVaHUfl, OHO 6Tb ne  0,7 HOMnnabHOrO BXOHOrO
aanpflmeHUn, KOaўўUUneHT BOaBpaa- He Menee 0,25.
OnpeOenenue apeenu 3apOa 6nora ronOencaropoa Oo nanpnenua
0.8 Uno, ( 6ZOKOB BH3-401, H3-402)
BeeHnOfi na pnc. 13.19, c ncaozbaoaaneu npoueyroqnoro peze KL, Bpe-
Ma cpa6aTblBaHnfl KOTOpOrO OHO npnSnanTebHO COOTBeTCTBOBaTh Hop-
MnpyeMOMy BpeMeHH 3apfla KOHeHCaTOpOB.  aTOm BqaeTC Kmq
S n noce cpaSaTBaHHn pete KL cpaay naMepneTcfl HanpflmeHne Ha 6aoKe
KOHencavopoB, KOTOpOe ono 5vb ne MeHee 0,8 HOMnHabHOrO BXOHO-
ro HaHpfleHna. Bpeua aapaa OaHO 6UTb He  70 C.
BpeMn aapnAa 6ZOKa KOHaeHCaTOpOB Or BH3-401 onpeeznea npn
nOMUHaZbHOM BXOHOM HanpneHn, Or BH3-402--np TpexKpaTHOU Ke
yCTaBKU nO Toy nacryneHna ppopeHaaca.

368 Fl puzocenue 1
IIPHdlO)I(EHHE I
O603HaqeHHIl 9ReMeHTOB 9leKTpHqecKHX CXeM, HpHHflTMe B KHHI'e
O603HaqeHHe HaHMeHOBaHne leMenTa
AV
AC
AK
AKB
AKS
AKV
AKZ
AR
C
EAI
EA2
EAH
EA.A
EA.C
EB
+EC
ECSI
ECS2
ECS3
ECS4
+EH
Ella
EttP
EHT
(+) EP
EPD
ES I.A
ESI.C
ES2.A
CTpOCTBO peryaupoBaHHa HaNpfleHHa
CTpOfiCTBO ABP
VCTpOCrO (KOneKr) peae OKOX
CTpOCTBO 6OKHpOBKH THna KPB
VCTpOfiCTO AHB
VCTpOCTBO KOMHneKTHOe npoaOnbHO AHaamHTU
cTpOCTBO KOMHeKTHOe peae conpoTHBneHH
CTpOhCTBO KOMneKTHOe peme
KOHXeHCaTOp
IIIHHKa BCnOMoraranbHaa (711)
UJHHKa BCnOMOraTenbHa (713)
I]]HHKa BCnOMOraTenbnaH coOHpaTenbna2
IilHHKa BCnOMOraTenbnaH HaHpaenHH (790)
IIInHKa BCnoMoraTenna HanpeHH (C790)
IHHKa 6nOKHpOBKH •
IIIHHKa ynpaBneHHH
UJHHKa ynpaBneHHH
IIIHHKa CHHXpOHH3anHH (721)
IIIHKa CxpoHaHH (722)
IIIHHKa CnHXpOnHaHH (723)
I]]HHKa CHHXpOMHaHH (724)
IIIHHKa CHrHanHaHH ў+
UJHHKa CHFHaHBaHH
IIInHKa CHrHaHmaHH amapHHofi
IIInHKa cHrHanHmaHH npeynpeHTenHoh
IIIHHKa CHrHaHaHH TeXHOOrHqeCKO
UJHHKa MHraHHH
UJHMKa C%eMa MHraMHH
IiIHnKa HapeHH CHHxpoHHmaHH (A610)
U_IHHKa nanpHenH CHMXpOMHmaHH (C610)
IIIHHKa HanpeHH CHHxpOHH3aHH (A620)
ll pu.oenue I 369
lIpoOonenue npu,o. 1
ES2.C
ESD
EV I.A
EVI.B
EVI.C
EV I.N
EVI.H
EV I.U
EV I.K
EVI.F
EVM.I
EVM.2
EY
HL
HLA
HLG
HLR
HLW
HV
FU
FV
K
KA
KAT
KAW
KAZ
KB
KH
KHA
KL
KM
KQT
KSV
KT
KV
KW
24--131

370 " Ilpuoceue I
IlpoOo.cenue npuoc. I
HalIMeHOBaHrle J/eMerlTa
KZ
L
PA
PHE
PO
PT
PTY
PTV
PW
S
SA
SAB
SB
SF
SG
SX
T
TA
TAN
TAV
TL
TUV
TV
UV
UV
VL
VS
FT
X
Ilpunoacenue 2 371
Fl poOo.xcenue npu.oxc. I
O6oana'aeaae Haauenoaanue a..q eMerlTa
XA
XG
XN
XP
XS
XT
XW
YAC
YAT
l/l cII bl T a T edl b H bI II 6aOK
HCIIbIT aTe2IbH bill 3a,KHM
CoeAHrleHlte Hepa36opHoe
CoeAltHeltHe KOHTaKTHOe, lllTblpb
COe,RHHeHHe KOHTaKTHOe, FHe3.RO
CoeAaaesrte pa36opnoe
CoeaHenrte Bq
)JIeKTpOMarHnT BKJIIOtleHIia
)aeKWpOMarHHT OWKIIOqeHltI
IIPHJIO)KEHHE 2
Cneunnaana Ha npncranKy H-77-1 ў BA-85
ane no FOCT, TY Tun ao, mr.
RI
R4*
R6*
RIO
RS, R7,
R9
CI, C2
C3, C4
24*
FOCT 7113--66, B 7113-71
FOCT 7113--66, B 7113-71
FOCT 7113--66, B, 7113-71
FOCT 7113--66, B, 7113-71
FOCT 7113--66, B, 7t13-71
FOCT 7113--66, B 7113-71
FOCT 7113--66, B 7113-71
03(0, 468, 047, MPTY
O)KO, 461,077, MPTY
O)KO, 464, 031, MPT
O)KO, 460, 020, TU
O)KO, 464, 044, MPTU
MJ-IT-0,5
510K_+ 10 %
MJIT-0,5
360 OM +---- I0 %
M J-IT - 0,25
IK -" l0 %
MJIT-0,25
15--25K
MJIT- 0,25
3,5--6K
MdIT-0,25
5--20Iў
JVUIT. 0,25
IK_+ 10%
ClIO-0,15
3,3±20 %
K76.3
1,5Ч250B + 10 %
K50-6
 n+80 %
0 X , --20 %
KJ-IC- 1
1000 a0 +_ 20 %
K53-1A
0,22Ч20 B m 20 %
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
2
2

372 ]Tpuocee 3
C7
C8
VI--V4
V5
V6, V7
AI
XI--X4
X5, X6
O)KO, 463, 032, TY
O)KO, 464, 044, MPTY
I123, 362, 003
FOCT 17126--71
FOCT 14913--69
BKO, 348, 095 TY
FAO, 364, 008 TU
FAO, 564, 010 T
MBM
1,0Ч160B 10 %
K53-1A
1,5Ч30B 20 %
105 B
816B
,814
MHKpOCXeMa
KIYT401B
llITenCeJH, IllHq-2
POaeTKa P,I
* HO6upaeTcH rip. naCTpOflKe.
II P ft JI O )K E H H E 3
Honae peae (ycTpoficvBa); ax KpaTKaH xapaKrepHcvaKa
BHepeHHe B noceIHee BpeMfl HOBUX ycTpOICWB B peefiHOfi 3aiJ.U4we
npHBeO K nOflBeHam pete H KOMneKTOB, HUHOHeHHbX C mHpOKaM npH-
MeHeHeM MaKpoaeKTpOHHKa, TexHaqecKHe aH,Ue Hai6oee pacnpocTpa-
HeHHhIX H3 HaX npHBeJIeHbI HHxe.
Peae maKcamaabHovo roKa cepa PCTll, PCT 13, PCT 12, PCT 14
npnMeHaOTCa B KaqeCTBe HaMepnTebHbIX pete B cxeMax peleffHOfi 3am:H-
TM H aBTOMaTaKa 3HeprocHcTeM. Peae B OCHOBHOM acrio3ymTc B pa3-
JIIIqHMX KOMrIJIeKTHblX yCTpOCTBaX, OT K.OTOpblx Tpe6yeTC HOBbmeHHa
yCTOqHBOCTb K MeXaHHqeCKHM BO3efiCTBaHM.
Homuna./lbnbte Oannbte: pete cepHfi PCT 11, PCT13 npeaHaaHaqeHbl
Izfl npHMeHeHHH B ttenHx nepeMeHHOrO ToKa qaCTOTOfl 50 Fa, pede cepnfi
PCT 12, PCT 14--  ttenax qacrorofi 60 Fit. HanpazeHne nHraHHa peze
cepHfi PCT 11, PCT 12--nepeMeHHoe 220 B; peze cepHfi PCT 13, PCT 14--
nocroaaHoe 220 B. 1-1peezbi ycraBog Toga epa6araBaHna peze acex ce-
pHfi c nHegCOM: 04--(0,05--0,2)A; 09--(0,15--0,6)A; 14--(0,5--2,0)A;
19--(1,5--6,0) A; 24--(5--20) A; 29--(15--60) A; 32--(30--120) A. Ko-
sqbqbaRHeHT BosapaTa Ha Z6Ofi ycTaaKe He MeHee 0,9. Peae aMeer OHH
3aMbIKalOmHl a OIHH paaMblKalomHfi KOHTaKTM.
Pete acaabaoro HanpeHH cepafi PCH 14, PCH 15 a aHH-
taabaoro aanpHmeHaH cepHfi PCH 16, PCH 17 npaMeHmOTCH H Kaqecae
aaMeparebHUX pete a CxeMax peefiHofi 3atIlaWbl a aBTOMaTaKH Hepro-
CaCTeM. Peae B OCHOBHOM HCnOb3ymTCH B KOMneKTHblX ycTpofiCTBaX, OT
KOTOpblX Tpe6yeTcH nOBUmeHHaH yCTOIIqHBOCTb K MexaHaqeCKHM a yap-
HhIM BO3leiCTBaHM.
llpu.ocenue 3 373
Homunanbnbw Oannbte: peze cepHfi PCH 14, PCH 15, PCH 16, PCH 17
npeAuaanaqen aa npnMeaean B uenax epeMeHHOrO aanpfleaaa qac-
TOTOfi 50 Hall 60 FR. Hanpmeaae NHTaHH peze cepnfi PCH 15, PCH 17--
nepeMeHHOe 220 B, pene cepfi PCH 14, PCH 16-- nOCTOHHOe 220 B. Hpe-
 yCTaBOg HanpeH cpaSaTaH pene cepfi PCH 14, PCH 15
c Haegcom: 23--(12--60) B; 25--(15--75) B; 28--(40--200) B; 30--
(50--250) B; 33--(80--400) B; pene cepnfi PCH 16, PCH 17 c HaegCOM:
23-- (12--60) B; 28--(40--200) B; 33--(80--400) B. Koўўaeuv BO3-
BpaTa Ha a6ofi yCTaBKe peae MagCnManbHOrO aanpfleaHa He MeHee 0,9,
peze MaHnMaZbHOrO HanpameHna 1,1. Peze nMeeT OaH 3aMblKaafi
n OaH pasMuKamafi KOHTaKT.
Pene eaeara a* PC@ 11 BaaMeH PH-55, npeHaaHaaeH aa npaMe-
Henna B cxeMax aBTOMaTaqeCKOrO nOBTOpHoro BKqeHH  C ABy-
CTOpOHHHM nUTaHUeM B KaqeCTBe opraaa, KOaTpoupyDerO aaHqHe na-
npfleHHfl Ha HHHH H yro CBHra a3 nanpflenHfl Ha HHHH H nanpa-
eHH Ha mHHax CTaHHH HnH HOACTaHHH. PeneOTnHqaTca nOBMmeHHO
yCTOqHBOCTb K MeXanqeCKM BOeCTBHM.
HOMHHaabHMe aHHUe npHaeaeH B Ta6a. H3.1.
T a 6  a  a H3.1. Homnaaannme Aannme peae
THH pete
PCO 11-09
PCO 11-12
PCO 11-13
PCO 11-16
PCO 11-20
HanpIxietitie, B
nepaofi Renn
(o
60
60
100
100
100
BTOpO Renu
30
6O
30
60
100
tlaCToTa, Ftl
50 HJIH 60
XJcTaBKH cpa6aTtBaHH peae no ymy ClBHra dpa3 npH HOMHHaJIbHMX
HanpsaeHHaX: 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 70 °. PeryaHpoKa yraa-
IHCKpeTHa. Peae aMeeT OIHH 3aMbIKaom:nfl n OIHH paaMblKaonlafl KOH-
TflKTbI.
Peae omaocra Pt II 3aMeH PBM-171, PM 12 aaMeH PBM-178
npeiHaaHaqeH a npaMeHeHaH H Kaecrse opraHa HanpaseHn MOm-
HOCTH.
Homuua.abnbte Oauubte: nanpHxienae 100 B; TOK 1 san 5A; qacToTa
50 Ftt; nanpnenne oneparHBnoro nocroaHHoro TOKa 220 Hla 110 B; yron
MaKCnMaZbnOfi yHCTBaTeZbHOCTa PM 11 (--30-----5 °) c BOaMOZHOCTb ne-
peaqeHaH na yroz (--45+---5°); PM 12 (70---+5°); KOaqbqbmtaeHr BO3Bpa-
Ta He MeHee 0,8. HanpHzeHae cpa6arBarmH peze Tnna PM 11--He 60-
zee 0,25 B; nanpHzeaHe cpa6aTBaHaH peze Tana PM 12 peryzapyeTca
CTyneHHMa (1,0±0,1)B; (2,0±0,2)B; (3,0---0,3)B. O6zacTb (aoHa) cpa-
6aTBaHaH peze no yrzy He MeHee 165 a He 6ozee 180 °.
Peae rosa o6parno nocaetonareabHOCTa PT8 BaaMeH PT IM
npeAHaaHaqeH AZH samara paaaaqHx aJIeKTpaqecgax yCTaHOBOK npa He-
CHMMeTpaqahIX K3.
HounaAbubte Oannote: TOK 1 HJIH 5A; Hanpaeaae onepaTaBHOrO
nOCrO3HHOrO rosa 220 aaa 110 B; odpdpmmeHr BO3BpaTa 0,95. Hana3ou

374 llpu,oenue 3
peryanpoBKn yCTaBOK no TOKy oSpaTHofi rtoc31eoBaTeibltocTlt (0,3--1,2) lno.,
peae nMeeT ona pearnpymmfi opraH c ByMfl aagamun KOHTag-
TaM.
Peae oKa 06paTHOfl nocaeKoaaTeasnocu PTO 9 BaaMeH PTO-7 npe-
aaHaqeHb afl 3amHTb renepaTopoa H TpancopMaTOpOB npu HeCHMeT-
pqHbiX K3  neperpyaxe TOXaMH o6paTnOfi nocneoBaTenSHOCTn.
Hounaoote Oanbte: TO 1,5 nn 10A; uanpfleHue onepaTnanoro
nOCTOflHHOrO TOKa 220 Hall l l0 B; XOanUUeHT BoaapaTa 0,95. Hana-
aOH perynupOBXH ycTaaox no TOXy o6paTnofi nocaeoaaTensnocT: nep-
nolo pearupymero oprana (0,04--0,16)1o,; BTOpOro pearnpymero op-
raHa (0,4--1,6)1o,. Peae uMeeT aa pearupymux opraHa c ayM
Mbmamnun XOnTaTaMH xamb].
Peae HanpflmeHnfl o6paTHOfi naeRoaaTeaSHOCTn PCH 13 BaaMeu
PHO-I npeHa3HaqeHbi afl ucnoabaoaaHn a xaqecTBe opraHa, pearupy-
mero Ha nanpmeHue o6paTno nOCneOBaTenbHOCTH npn BOaUnXHOBennn
HeCHMMeTpHqbX K3.
Hounaabnote Oanoe: HanpflmeHne BXOnOfl aoaecTayDefi Beam
qUHb]--100 B; qaCToTa 50 Hall 60FU; HanpfleHne nOCTOflHnOrO TOga
aCnOMoraTeaSHOfi aoaefiCTBymefi aeanqnHb 220B; KOaHUeHT
spaTa 0,9. nana3oH perynuposaHnfl yCTaBOX nO HanpfleHn 06paTnOfi
nocaeoaaTeaSHOCTn (6--24,6)B, peae nMeeT pearnpymnfi opraH c O-
HUM aaMbiXamnM n OHnM paaMbmamuM XonTaxTaMn.
Peae Toga HepeHUHaanoe PCT 15, PCT 16 aaaMeH PHT-565 npe-
HaaHaqeHb nfl ncnobaoaaHnfl a cxeMax XnepeHuabHOfi aamnT O-
HO aau aneTpoauraTe 10 xB n cnaoBx TpaHcOpMaTOpOB.
Houaabnoe Oaote: TO 5 A; qaCTOTa PCT 15 50 FU, PCT 16 60 Fa;
HanpfleHne onepaTnaHoro nOCTOflHnOrO TOKa 220 B; KOaHUUeHT BOa-
apaTa He MeHee 0,75; apeMfl cpa6aTbmaHnfl -- He 6oaee 0,04 c. Peae HMe-
T eyH yCTaBKH fro TOKy cpaaTbIBaHnfl /cp B XOflX HOMHHabHO-
ro Toxa 0,4; 0,5; 0,65; 0,9; 1,2 npn xoanneHTe XpaTHOCTn mxaa K=
=1, npeycMoTpeHa TaKe BOaMOmnOCTb UcKpeTHOrO yaeanqeHufl ycTa-
aOX a 2 paaa (K=2). Peae nueeT OHn aaMbKamnfi KOHTaKT.
BaOX aamnu renepaopoa rnna BP 1301 npeuaaHaqeH an npu-
Menennn B cxeMax aamnTb[ OT aaMbxannfl Ha aeMn a 06MOTXe CTaTopa
reHepaTopoa aHeprQ6aOKOa; BP 1301.01 aaaMen 33F-1 afl aHepro6ao-
xoa, n HeTpaan O6MOTn CTaTopa reHepTopa XOTOpbx yCTaHOBaen Tpanc-
opMaTOp HanpflmeHnfl nan yroracflmufi peaxTop; 5P 1301.02 BaaMen
33F-2 afl aHepro6aoKoa c HaOaUpOBaHnO HeTpaa.
Houaabbte Oanote: nanpflmeHue nnTanufl 100 B; qaCTOTa 50 nan
60 Fa; Hanpflenne onepaTnsuoro nOCTOnHOrO TOga 220 B. cTanxa cpa-
6aTbmaHufl pene Hanpmenfl 5; 10; 15; 20 B. Hpeen perynnpoBannn
OTHHTSHoro conpoTnnaennfl (xoanneHTa TOpMOmeHnn peaec Top-
MOmeUUeM an BP 1301.01) 0,3--3,0. OTHOmeHHe cxaqxoo6paaHo HaMe-
nnBmerocfl Hanpmeun nocne aaMsmannfl 06UOTXH CTaTOpa Ha aeMn
x nanpmenu o aaMxannfl npn cpa6aTbmanun pene npouaaOHO
BP 1301.02) 1,250,125. Bao uueeT Ba HCnOanHTeasux opraHa
XOHX peae) c OHUM nepeqamuM OHTaTOM
Kosnaegrnoe yCTpOfiCTaO aanu P9 2201 npeHaaHaqeHo an yCTa-
eOBXH B oMnaeTHe pacnpeHTeabHe ycTpOCTBa HanpflmenHeu 
10 xB u BnonnneT BCe yHXUHH aamT n aaTOMaTHXH onoro Han
COabHX npHCnHenH. CTpOCTBO npecTaBaneT co6ofl Ha6op 6OXOH,
pa3HqHR coqeTflHHff ROTOpRX HO3BOffT BMHOHHTb pa3HqHRe BH
IIpu.4oeuue 3 375
3al]IHT: MaKCHMaJlbHyIO TOKOByIo, TOKOByIO C 3aBHCHMOfi BbHIepXKKO Bpe-
MeHH, epeaaHy TOKOBy, 3aHTy OT 3aMbKaHHfi Ha 3eM,
yCTpOCTBO aBTOMaTHqeCKOFO BqeHH e3epBaoro HTaHH, aBTOMaTH-
ecKoro OBTOpHOFO BKqeHH H T. . DOKH ycTpofiCTBa paaMeeH
B KaCCeTe, 3ameofl B MaHqecKy O60OKy,
Houabbe Oabe: nepemeHoe anpmee I00 B; nepeeHHfi
TOK 5 A; qaCToTa S0 F; HanpeHe onepaTHoro nOCTOHOrO TOKa I 10
 220 B.
Eo pe conpovea Tana EP32801 B3ameH KPC'I npeHa3Ha-
qeH fl HCb3OBaHH B KaqeCTBe nyCKOBX HH 3MepHTbHMX C-
TaHHOHHX opraHOB a paanqx cxeMax peefiHO 3aT  pearpyv
a yCTaUoBeHnoe 3HaqeuHe KOMneKCHOrO COnpOVBeHfl na BXOHX
3flHMaX.
HouaAbbe Oabte: nepeMeHH TOK I H 5 A; nepeMeHHOe Ha-
npameHne 100 B; qacTa 50 an 60 Fu. Hanpflmenne onepaTnBoro no-
coaHoro TOKa l l0 na 220 B. HcnoaHene no conpoTnBae cpa6a-
VRBana 5(1) na 20(4) OM na aay
ucnoaeua ua 5 A).
XapaKTepCTKa cpa6avuBaHa peae ўoHpOTHBeHHfl MOeT
BH OKpyHOCTH HH aaaHnca, npoxoAux qepe3 Haqaao KoopHHaT, CMe-
eHHX B I nan III KBaApaHT nail C eHTpOM B Haqaae KoopAHHaT, qTO
onpeAeaaeTcfl peHMHblMH epeMqKaMH Ha aHeBOfi nanean pe.
ncnoaHena no conponBaeun cpa6aTBana 5(I) OM na easy Mmi-
MaabHe 3HaqeHnfl yCTaBOK, peryaHpyeMbe epeKaqeHHeM B enflx To-
ga 1,25(0,25); 2,5(0,5); 5(1) OM Ha easy; anaaon OKO 10 0/0-HOfi VO-
nOCTn aaa peae anHoro ncnoaneHfl 0,28--40 A (1,4--200) A.
a0u Ancannonnofi n OKOaOfi aamnvu Tnnoa 2801,
2802 BaaMen 3H3-1636 npeHaanaqe afl cnoabaOBanfl a Ka-
ecTae OCHOSHO nan peaepBHOfi aamHTSi 3H 110--220 KB C aaycTopoH-
HHM nnTaHHeM, a VaKme B KaqeCTBe pe3epBHOfi 3anT HHH 330KB
neo6opyaOaHHblX OAHB.
ўaў 32801 coepT OCnOBHOfl KOMnaeKV aamnT, B KOVOpfi
BXOflT:
1) HCTaHHOHHafl 3ava, npeAHa3HaqeHHafl Afl AeETBHfl HpR BCeX
BHAaX MHOrOaaHX K3. Coepnv Tp cvynen, KamAafl 3 KoTopx
BnOaHfleTCa C HOMOb Tpex HCTaHHOHHbIX H3iepHTeabHblX opraHOB,
ycTpofiCTBO 6aOKHpOBKH npH HeHcnpaBHOCTflX B enflx HanpaeHHfl H op-
raH BbAepmKH BpeMeHU, o6ecneqnsane Tpe6yeioe 3aieaeHne CTy-
neHe;.
2) qeTpexcTyneHqaVafl TOKOBaa HanpaaaeHHafl aamva HyaeBOfi nO-
CaeOBaTeabHOCTH, peHa3HaqeHHafl Aafl AefiCTBHa npH 3 Ha 3eM3.
3amnTa coepmnT no OaHOMy H3MepUTeabHOMy opraHy TOKa B nepaofi,
BTOpO n TpeTbefi cvyneHaX, Ba H3MepHTeabHX opraHa TOKa B qeTBep-
TOfi cTyneHu, opran uanpaBaeHHfl MOHOCTH BycTopoHHero AefiCTanfl, B-
nOaHeHHblfi B BHAe ByX pe, n opraHM BbIepKn BpeMeHH, o6ecneqHBa-
mn Tpe6yeMoe 3aMeAaenne cTyneHefi;
3) TOKOBa OTCeqKa OT MHOrOa3HMX 3aMMKaHHfi B ByxpeaeHOM
HOHeHHH;
4) pe POB, aqaeuoe Ha TOU Tpex
) npeo6paaoBaTbH 6OK nUTaHnfl H cTa6uau3aTop HanpaeHHfl.
Ka 32802 eoAepmnT

376 IIpu,ocenue :3
CnncoK aaTepaTypu
1. IlepenocHue ycvpoficTa
ep, A. K. KygpaueB, B. U. KypKo a ap. M.: 9neprna, 1980.
2. OSma nHcrpyan no npoBepe ycrpocx pezeaoh aamHr,
rpoaBroaxan a BrOpanax aerieS. M.: 3nepraa, 1975.
3. onn F. F., XoMaoa M. H. HaHean CTaHHOHHX 3amnv H3-2/1
n H3-2/2. M.: ueprn, 1975.
4. Tay6ec H. P. PezeHan 3amnra MOmHX ryp6oreHepaxopoe. M.:
Heprouar, 1981.
5. Baann B. H. PezeHan aamnra 6ZOgOB reHeparop--xpacўopMarop.
M.: 9HeproaroMnaav, 1983.
6. Fo6epr A. E. Onncanue, MOHTa n uazaKa raaoBoro peze. M.:
FZaBTeXCTponpoeKT Mnaaaepro CCCP//gKcnpecc-nnopMaann. N 9, 1969,
7. HHcTpyKunn nO HaaKe u aKcnyaTaun raaoBo aamnT e pete
Prq3-66M: M.: CHTH OPFP3C, 1971.
8. HHCTpya. nO aKcnyaTauau rasoBx pete BF/80/Q n cTpyfiHUX
peze RF 25/10 aamuru rpaHcopuaropoa n ycrpoficra PHH: M.: CHO
ўCoaexaHepro>>, 1979.
9. Cnpaao,nu pem 3amn a aaroawnKu/Ho pe. M. . Xefiuua,
M.: 9neprua, 1972.
10.
u nocanunfi/Ho pe. . C. Mycaanna. M.: Heproaxouaav, 1984.
l l. ncrpyun no Hazaage, npoaepKe n agcnzyaraanH peze npaMoro
eficranfl. M.' CHO OPFPSC, 1975.
12. Fe3b#an
H 9eKTpOaB'lOMaTnKa Ha HepeMenHOM oHepaTHBHOM ToKe.-e H3.
pepa6, n oa./Hoa pea. M. H. Hapeaa. M.: 9Heprua, 1973.

H peO,uerm, ul yKasare.o 379
IlpeerHfi yaarem,
ABTOMaTHqecKHe BbIKJIIOqaTeJIH B
nx TH 51
OK HHTaHH2:
B3 349, 352, 366
BH 346, 365
BT 347
uyb-HHaopa 218, 221, 313
Bopee:
33V-1 303
KPC-I 229
KPC-2 311
P3P-I 332
PT-6 319
BeKrope arpaMM Hanpae-
Ha 34
-- TOKa 34, 124
BobTaMnep aoHHKarop BA-85
18, 48, 54
BobTMeTp-ommeTp I07, I09
raaosaa 3amaTa 351, 353, 355
ra3oBe pete 163, 166
HcTaHROHH opraH:
3-2 220, 243, 251, 253
KPC-I 229, 243, 253
KPC-2 312
3amTa epeHHabaa 57, 126,
354
reepaTopoe 126
nonepeqHa napaebHx
279
npoo3ban gH 289
zpacўopaTopos 127, 129
mH 128, 131
-- Tna 3T 148, 161
s3ezTporaTe3efi
 aўepeHaasHo-ўaHa
255
OT 3aMKaHH Ha 3eM[O OMO"
OK cvaTopa 303
npHcoe]HHeHIf 110--
220 gB C rayxo3a3eMaeHHO Heft-
Tpaab 112
6--I0 KB c
poaHo HeTpab 196, 207,
 noTep eo36yeff epa-
vopa 315
OHa eCTBtt pete 96
HaMepeHe epeMe np6opo
ў-291 17
---- -738 15
-- MC-54 II
 a3u nanpameana 18, 24
  TOga 18, 22, 24, 48
H3MepaTeabe rpancўopaTop
57, 345
KonaeT ncTaRoaofi
3-2 215, 220
KoegToe acnTaTboe yCT-
fiCTSO:
052 8
Y5053 8, 48, 54, 242
YH3-1 8
UH3-2 8, 242
KoMnaegwe ycwpoficTsa acn-
MabaX TOROBX 3amaT (MT3):
K39; K39/2; K3-12; K3-14;
K3-15; K3-17 114
K.3-10 ll5
K36; K37 281
OaTagW BcnooraTease 56
KOTyp OHHTKH ncwaaRaoax
pe 221, 245, 251
Koawpoab n3oanRna CeT nocTosa-
noro Toga 107
Konanew so3paTa 57, 61, 66
-- aaeocTn 310
 oa6aeaa aCTOTR 50 FR
ўaabwpo 309
-- Topomeaa 309
MarHHTHbIfi lelHTelb qaCTOTbl 297
/4-aKCH MaIBH O!I qyBCTBHTeJIBHOCTH
yroa HCTaHIlHOHHbIX peae 215,
221, 241,246, 252
------pete HanpaBeHH MOIIHO o
CTH 90, 96, I09, 284, 286
NeraoMMeTp:
M1101 27
MC-05 27
M4100 28
04100 30
M, ewo, CHMMeTpHqHblX COCTaBJlfIIO-
mx 173
HaHpaxeHe He6aaHca p.a3OMKHy-
TOrO TpeyrolbnHKa eHefi TH 123
-- cTaSH3aR 219, 237, 300, 307
HacwpofiKa opraHa
(I)3 263
--- cpaBHeHHI qbaa P3 262
-- HyCKOBUX opraHoB J253 260
--qb!4lbTpOB o6paTHofi HoceIoBa-
TebHOCTn 175, 261
OnpeleaeHne yraoa 6aoKHpOBKH
JI(1)3 275
OCMOTp aHHapawypb 5, 121, 233,
299, 307
IlepeHocHue CHbwawebHm ycwpOti-
CTBa ripoBepK:
HpcoelHeHti 0,4 KB 24
-- 6 KB 25
rIpOCTIIX pete 25
HpCTaBKa K np5opy BA(1)-85 22
HpoBepKa BTOpHqHbX ueHefi
.eH 123, 181, 185, 249, 287
-- ---- WOKa 123, 178, 183, 249, 287
-- 3aMHT TOKOM HarpyaKH 123, 249,
271, 276, 287
--KOMIIeHcaIiHH eMKOCTHblX TOKOB
2IHHHH 264
-- HyCKOBUX opraHOB 262
-- CHHXpOHSMa 62
Dacqew yCTaBOK IHCTaHIHOHHbX
pete CoHpoTaeHH 241, 314
Pearpyomfi opra CXeM cpam
HeHHI:
MarHHTOJIeKTpHqecKoe peae M
237/054 (M3P) 217, 234, 300, 312
HoJIyIIpOBOIHHKOB bI!ti HyJIb-HHIHKa-
Top 217, 221, 233, 236, 312
Pene BpeMeHH:
3amT Ha nepeMeHHOM OHepaTB-
HOM Toge PBM-12, PBM-13, PTB
342, 351,356, 361
MOTOpue cepHfi BC; E 68, 71
noaytlpOBOIHHKOBUe cepti B,
PB 75, 359 •
C qaCOBbIM MexaHH3MOM cepfi B
68, 71
Pete:
ra3oBue 163, 166
epeHaaaue 3T, PHT
57, 61, 132, 135, 351
-- 3T-21, 3T-23 139, 161
104
HHyKHOHHMe HanpaBaeHna MOm-
HOCTn 90, 109, 112
--TOKOBbm cepfi PT-80, PT-90
65, 344
MOHOCTH o6paTHO noceoBa-
TebHOCT Ta PMOH-2 185
HanpaXeHa cepfi PH-50 57,62
oSpaTHO MomHocT 97
OBTOpTe 57
noapsoBaHHe 88, 104
npoMexyToHue cep PH, PSB
75, 84, 343, 351
pa35opKa 56
peB3a 57, 122, 285
cMasKa 56
cTpyHUe 168
ToKa HyeBO OCeOBaTebHO-
CT CepH PT3 198, 209
-- cepfi PT 57, 344
9eKTpOMaFHHTHble 57
Caioxo pete MomHocT 92, 122,
286
CSpoc oSpaTHO MomHocT 96, t23
Ceemte x KaSa B ensx TH
53
CrHasaa 3amT ,98, 303, 307,
351
3aMKaHH Ha 3eM THHa
C3-2/2, C3-3M 202, 205, 211
-- pete 87, 104, 109
CoeHHeHHe BTopHqHMx OMOTOK
TpaHcopMavOpOB HanpsmeHs:
8 3BeSAy 35, 49, 53, 303
B pa3OMKHy TpeyrobHK 35,
49, 54, 3O3

HpeOern yrasare,b
Toga B aBealy 36, 112
-- B HenOHyIO aealy 37
--  TpeyrobHHK 37, 253
na paaHOCTb ByX qba3 37, 279
napaeabHoe 38
Hoc]eloBaweabHoe 38
COnpOWBeHHe HaOtHH:
aMepeHHe 5, 27, 33, 235, 353, 360,
366
HCnbIWaHHe 5, 33, 56, 90, 107, 132,
170
KOHWpOlb 107
ConpOTHBeHHe npoBola B ennx
TH 52
CTa6!4l!43al!4 HanpKenH 219
CTpyftHble pete 168 ._
Cxelu BKtIOqeHH peze OUtHOCTH
OT aafuaHHfi Ha 3elm 112
Me:IyaaHuX K3 110
ҐCTpO!CTBO 6IOKHpOBKH np Kaqa-
HHX una KPB-125 215,229, 239,
249
KPB-126 215, 226,
238, 249
 HencnpaaHocTflX ene Ha-
npeHH HCTaHHOHHO 3aH-
T 215, 223, 239, 250
$3 268
-- 3aHT THa K3P-3 296
 KOMneKTHOe nwanfl YKH 344,
362
YPOB 57
• aaHas xapaepncwKa 275
OaaOqyBCTBHTebuaff cxeMa 298
Obwp-pee:
PHO-1M 182
PT-2 180, 184
PT-IM 178, 183
PTO-7 181, 184
CoRepKaHne
HpelCaOBHe ............. 3
P a a  e a n e p a u i. AnnapaTypa, Oco6eHHOCTH HaMepenHfl H npo-
Iepog npH naagge ycTpoflcvn peefinofi aaiItHTi:l .... 5
1.1. OpaHnaaunI pa6oT ........... 5
1.2. I43MepHTeIbHble npH6op H yCTpOICTBa ..... 8
1.3. HpoBepKa H303SaHH nTopHuX aenefi 26
1.4. BeKwopne lHarpaMM B ennx WOKa H HanpnmeHHn 34
1.5. BTOpHHe aenH TpaHcqbopMawOpOB TOKa.o.H HX npoBepKa 36
1.6. BTOpHuHe enH wpaHcpopMawOpOB HanpsmeaHs H Hx npo-
BepKa ............. 49
P a 3 I e  B T O p O . IlpoBepga H nacvpofiga peaefinofi annapawy-
p 1 llopHqnx ycTpoficl"B o6mero naaaaqeHHl .... 56
2.1. O6utne Tpe6OBaHnS no Haaalge BTOpHqHblX yCTpO.CTB 56
2.2. ,leKWpOMarHHwHbe pete WOKa H HanpeuH , 57
2.3. HHIyKUHOUHe pete WOKa ....... 65
2.4. Peae BpeMeHH ............ 68
2.5. :eKTpOMarHHTHUe npoMeyToqHe H cHrHabHue pete 75
2.6. HopHaoBaHHue peae 88
2.7. Pete MOmHOCTH 90
2.8. HaalKa ycwpofiCWB aBapHfinOfi, wexHoorHqeCKOfi, npely-
npelHweaHofi H KOMaHIHOfl cHrHaaHaaHH .... 98
2.9. HaaaKa yCTpOCTB KOHTpOaS H3OaSIHH CeTH nOCTOnHoro
TOKa ............. 107
P a 3 I e a T p e T H I. Haaaga naHpaBaieMx MaKCHMaJIbHIdX TO-
gOStIX aaHT (MT3) ........... 109
3.1. CxeMBI BKIIOReHHt peae HanpaBleHHI MOIIHOCTH B 3alIH-
Tax OT Me:lyqba3HbX K3 ........ 109
3.2. Cxeu gamqeHHs pete HanpaBenH MOmHOCTH Ha tH'IbW-
pbl TOga H HanpseHH Hyeofi nOC,leloBawe.lbnOCWH . ll2
3.3. I(,OHCWpygWHaHOe UnOHeHHe ycwpoficwB MT3 .... ll3
3.4. OCO6eHHOCTH HaaIKH gOlin,leKTHblX 3aHT .... 121
3.5. l-IpoepKa 3allHW IIOl Harpyagofi , 123
P a 3  e a  e T B e p T bl !L Haaga uўўepenuaaHX aamHT re-
nepavopoa, TpancdpopMaTopoa (aaToTpancdpopMaTopoa), aaeKTpo-
nraTeefi H mHH ............ 126
4.1. HpHHHHU BIrlOIHeHHI lHCpqbepeHHaabHUX TOKOBblX
HinT, oSeu x npoBepog n ueoSxolnuue npnSop 126

382 CoOepauue
4.2 HpoBepKa n ftacTpOKa nqbCepeHuHaabablx peae c ftacbl-
llaIOmHMl4C TpaHcopMaTOpaM TOKa cepnn PHT 132
4.3. Hpoeepga  nacwpofiKa anўepeanaabnx peae c Mar-
HTHM WOpMOeeM cepnn 3T-11 ...... 135
4.4. HpoBepga nepenaabo wogonofi 3aw wa
139
3T-21 (3T-23) ..........
4.5. HpoBepa epeHaauofi 3aw mH C OpMO(e-
eM Tffa 3T ........... 148
4.6. KOMnaecna npoepa 3anw ....... 157
4.7. Hpoepa 3aw pa6oqM OO*!  nanpsmeneM 159
P a 3  e a  a  b ft. HaaaKa aav vpancўopMavopon c raonM
a cTpyfiaMa peae ............ 163
5.1. KOcTpyKaaa ra3osx pete ........ 163
5.2. Hposepa a acaraaHa ra3onx pete ao ycaaonH HX Ha
aamamaeo aaaapaTe ......... 166
5.3. CTpyfiabe pete ........... 168
5.4. MoaTa pete a nponepga cMoavHponaaao 3amHr , 170
P a 3  e 
pos o6pavnofi  oCaeaoaaveabaocva ....... 172
6.1. Ocaohe Texaaqecae aaabe bTpa-pee 172
6.2. OCHOBHe nOOeHHa MeToa CHMMeTpHqHX COCTaBaHX 173
6.3. MeToab aacTpofia abvpon o6paT80 aoceosaTeb-
aOCTa .............. 175
6.4. HponepKa abpa-peae Hanpaeaaa o6paTaofi
TebaOCTa ............. 182
6.5 Hponepa abTpa-pee Toga o6parofi aoceosaTb-
aOCT . .......... 183
6.6. Hponepa pete aanpanaa MOmaOCTH o6paTaofi noceo-
BaTehHOCTH ........... 185
6.7. KOMaecaaa aposepa 3aHT C abvpaMa o6paTsO
ceAoBarebHOCTR ........... 188
6.8. Hposepa 3aaT pa6oaa TOO H aaapaeaaeM 189
P a 3  e a c e
aa aeam ............ 193
npn ooaanux aaMblKanx a 3eMa ..... 193
7.2. OCHOBHe TexHHqeCKHe anue 3aHT H yCTpOfiCTB cnrna-
aaaun ......... 196
7.3. HpoepKa aamnT  yTpfiCTB cnrnaa3ann 206
7.4. KOMnaeKca npoaepKa 3amnT  yCTpOB craaaau 213
7.5 HpoepKa 3aHT H yeTpOfiCTB craa3aa pa6oqM TO-
KOM  anpmeeM ......... 213
Paaea oCbMOfi. Haaaa aucvaauonxaamuv , 215
8.1. KpaTKe TeXqKe ceaefl ...... 215
8.2. Bbmoaene aaeMeHTOB 3aHTbI ...... 217
8.3, HaaaKa'ycTpOfiCTB U KOMnaeKTO 3amuTU .... 232
8.4. HaaaKa HCTaHHOHnUX pe conpoTHBaeHH 241
8.5. KOMnaeKca npoaepKa aamvb ....... 248
CoOepcauue 383
8.6. HpoaepKa 3amHTl pa6oqHM TOKOM H anpa:eeM 249
8.7. Bbinoanene CTaHKHOHHOfi 3aw 6OKa wpacOMa:
Top--HHHS C HCnOb3OBaHHeM TnODOfi naHe H3-1636 252
3  e a  e   T m . Haaa epeHabHO-HX BCO-
oqaCTOTHX 3av  ......... 255
9.1. OCOBHe TeXHHqKe aHHe 3aHT cep 3 , 255
9.2. HpoBepKa  HacTpOKa nyCKOBblX opraHoB , , 260
9.3. Hposepa
9.4. Hposepga l Hacwpofia opraHa cpasHeHa Ca3 . 267
9.5. Hp,sepsa 6aoaposa npH eHcnpasHocwax aeaefi Haaps-
eItHs 38mHW wsna ў3-503 ....... 268
9.6. Konaecaaa npoepa 3amwb ....... 268
9.7. Hpoepa 3amnwbl TOOU Harpy3a atHHa .... 271
9.8. Oco6eHHOCTn npoBepR 3aHT Ha HHHRX C OTBeTBeHHRMH
a 3 npora>eHHbx aHnaax 220--500 B 278
3 a e  a e c
nanpaaeHHx
3eMam ........ ..... 9
10.1. CxeM 8sameHas peae HaapaaeHs MOHOCTH aonepeq-
sx aepeHaabHx 3amtlT ....... 279
10.2. Oco6eHHOCTH Haaaa a nposepa aonepenHbX aaepeH-
HH8bHblX HanpaaeHHbx 3aHw HO arpy3ofi 285
3  e  o
uaabx 3amav aaaafi ....... , 289
ll.1. OCHOSHbm wexHanecge .aHHe 3amawb wHa 3-2 , 289
11.2." Hpoepa 9aeMeHWOB CXeM 3awb . , 292
l l.3. Hpoepga coeaHaweabmX npooo  cwpfiCWB KOHW-
poas .............. 294
11.4. KOMnaecaaa npcsepa ......... 294
II 5. Hposepa 3aHwbl pa60M TOKOM H HanpnmeHeM 295
3  e   B e H a   a T bl ft. Haaaa cneuaaabnx ycvpocT
peaefiHo aamav
12.1. CTpOfiCBO 3aHw OW 3aMgaH Ha 3eMm CHCTeM 03-
6ymeHa reHepawopo8 wna K3P-3 , 296
12.2. BaoK-peae 3amwb wa 33F-1 ....... 303
12.3. Baos-peae Tana KPC-2 ........ 312
12.4. BaoR-pe3e wa PTў-6M ....... 319
12.5. Baog-peae wna P3P-1M , 332
3  e  T p H H a  a a W  ft. Haaaaa ycvpoficva peaefiaofi 3ama-
 a avoavaga na nepeMenno onepavaaao voge , 340
13.1. O6mae ceeHaa ........... 340
13.2. Annapavypa, npnMeHneMan  ycwpoficnax P3A a nepe-
eHoM onepaTRBOM ToRe ....... 340
13.3. HCTOqHHKa
13.4. HCTOqHKH neMeoro onepaTHBnO TOKa 345

384 CoOepcaue
13.5. CXeMt yCTpOICTB peneiHofi 3aIlHTbl H aBTOMaTHKH Ha he-
350
peMeHHOM orIepaTHBHOM TOK . • 
136 OCOHHOCTH HaaKKH yCTpOfiCTB 3X Ha HepeMeHHOM
onepaTunHOM ToKe ........ 353
Hpunoenue 1. OSo3HaqeHH eMeHTOB 9eKTpHqKHX CXeM,
H2TMe  KHHre ..............
flpuoenue 2. CneKa ua npncTaKy H-77-1 K BA-85 371
Hpuoenue 3. Hoaue pete (ycTpoficvea); nx gpaTKa xapagTepn-
372
CTHKa
Cnnco nTepaTypb ............ 377
378
HpeMeVHUfi yaaaTeb ............
CnpanoqHoe HaaHHe
AuTmmuH AHaOUfi AHpeeauq, FoM6epr AeKCaHp E{HMOBHq,
Kapaae BaHM HeTponuq, KOqKO AeKce AeKceeuq,
KoecHHKOB eOHHK eKopouq, upysH HXaH HxafiOBHq
CHPABOqHHK
no HaaRKe BTOpHqHX aenefl
aeKTpOCTaHnfi n nORCTaHHHfl
PeAaTop HaarebC . . 0anoa
XyoecTBeHHUfi peavop B. A. roaar-Xoaa
TexHuqecggfi peAagwop O. . Kysnegoa
Koppegwop H. A. BooOea
HB R 938
" Cao a a6op-05.07.88. Honncano a neqawb 14.03.89. T-09223. Oopav
84X108x/a. Byara wnorpacKaa R 2. Fapnwypa nwepawypaa. Heqavb
acoaa. Yc. neq. a. 20,16. Yca. gp.-oTw. 20,16. Y.-na. a. 26,39. Tpa
55 0 aa. 3aaa  131. Hena l p. 60 .
neproaToMH3HaT, 113114, MOCKBa, M-114, IIDlm3oBaa Ha6., 10
BaHHMHpCKaa Tltiorpaqbnfl CoIoatioHrpaqbtlpOMa npH FOCKOMH3HaTe CCCP
600000. r. B.aHHMHp, OKTI6pbCKHI IlpOCllegT, ,. 7