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66

Tome HeCJIOXHO: MCnOnb3yeTCR ~ H U I H ~ C KBb.
~R
A n f i nepenaw k i c n o n b s y e ~ c l ra a r n w i i c ~ aVv.
~
A n f i nepenaw ~ c n o n b s y e ~
Ggc M
~ n M gu, e c n H cnenymluae r n a c H b I e - e, i, y: Gamov, HO Guilarov.
nepenart-i a c n o n b 3 y e ~ ac ~ r n k i f i c Dd.
~ a ~
A n % n e p e A a r H w c n o n b 3 y e ~ cEe,
~ HO B H a q a n e c n o B a , nocne rnacaoro H nocne p a 3 ~ e n a ~ e n b ~ t,o rHon H 6 - ye:

Be

I"

Ad
Ee

Gresayev; Yevgueniy Oneguin; Prokofyev.
e
n e p e ~ a e ~ KaK
c s yo: Serguey Korolyov.
XM n e p e n a e ~ cKaK
~ zh: Zhukov.

33

Nu

fi

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A n f ~nepenasw wcnonbsye~crrZz (naxe Mexny rnacsblMR)no TpaAHUHR, RJIylllefi OT JIaTbIHH, 0 ~ 0 6 p a ~ a T3T0fi
b
6 y ~ ~ or pi ei g e c ~ ~ l(i iH H O R ~ ~ I~ ~B YHK[3]:
~ IZamyatin.
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~ c n o n b s y e a~ c~ ~r n ~ i i Ii.c ~ a ~
Anc~nepenasM a c n o n b s y e ~ ca ~~ r n k i i i c ~Yya (~ ~ xae 6yKsa ~ c n o n b 3 y e ~BMecTo
c~
pycc~oi?b~ nocne cornacaoii),
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OCT~
Yurskiy,
Valeriy ( s a c ~ Bo y n p o l u e ~ ~ o@
i i o p ~ eYursky,
:
Valery).
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R
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OT JIaTbIHki, 0603~asaTb3 ~ 0 6
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~IX)
A ~ nepenasw
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u c n o n b s y e ~ ca~a r n ~ i i c Ll.
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~ c n o n b s y e a~ c~ ~r n ~ f i Mm.
c ~ a ~
Anf~nepenaw ~cnonbsye~ccr
a a r n u i i c e a ~Nn.

I7n A ~ nepenaw
H
w c n o n b 3 y e ~ ca~~ r n ~ G Pp.
c ~ a ~
R
~ c n o n b s y e ~ car r~ r n ~ i i c Rr.
~ac~
Pp A ~ nepenaw
ac~
Cc Anrr nepenasll acnonbsye~crra a r n ~ i i c ~ Ss.
Tm
nepenam ~ c n o n b s y e a~ ~c ~r n ~ i i c Tt.
~aa
~ac~
Yy Anrr nepenasw ~ c n o n b s y e ~ car r~ r n ~ k c Uu.
@$ An9 nepenaw ~ c n o n b s y e ~ car r~ r n ~ i i FJ:
c ~ a ~
Xx n e p e n a e ~ KaK
c ~ kh: Khazanov.
4 4 n e p e n a e ~ KaK
c ~ ts: Grishkovets, Yeltsyn.
YY nepenae~crrKaK ch: Pyotr Ilyich Chaykovskiy.
mu( n e p e ~ a e KaK
~ c ~sh: Shishkin.
LUY n e p e n a e ~ KaK
c ~ shch: Nikita Khrushchov.
K O T O ~ ~ ~ X nPOCTO
~ ~ T CRAylllHe
H,
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HbIe CTaHOBRTCR ~ O T H P O B ~ H H ~ I MBMHaCTOR4ee
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B HePYCCKkiX CJIOBaX HaAO nOKa3aTb, YTO CJIeAYIOUIlie
~ Y K B e,
~ Ie, l0,R HaAO YHTaTb KaK ~ ~ o T R ~ o B ~ H H ~ I ~
bIb1 Anfi nepenaqI4 MCnOXb3yeTCR Yy (3Ta Xe ~ Y K B I~4 AnR
nepenaw ti):Bykovskiy, Rykov.

.

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( n o ~ a ~ b a~ ~
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C cepenmar V seKa no 1066 rona
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ewe

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~0ceneiiAPeBHHX

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M ,QPYrMX r e p M a H C K M X H3bIKOB B TOM B M n e , B KaKOM OHM CY-

B n p e ~ ~ e a ~ r n ~ nf eipcM~o n~Hfa -i

W e c T B o s a n M B TO B p e M H .

qaJICH OTXOA H 3 b I K a OT C H H T ~ T H ~ ~ CMOneJIM,
K O ~ ~ CBO~~CTB~H-

~ 0 f nip e B H e r e p M a H C K M M

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n o c ~ e n e ~ ~nbe p~e Xf Oi A

K ~H~JIMTMc~~cKO~~.

C ~ ~ A H ~ ~ H I ' J I IM
lepM
~O
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CKM~~

Middle English
K o ~ e un n a ~ ~ oqepene
fi
s a ~ o e s a ~M~ ~f ai 6 e r o BnonoXMJIM H O P M a H H b I , KOTOPbIe 3 a B O e B a n M A ~ r n M m
TaK KpenKO,

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TO

Ha

o c ~ p Ho a~K o r o

He nycKana.

M ~oo614e

C TeX IIOp H O r a MH03eMHOrO 3aXBaTqMKa H a a~mMfic~J'l0 3eM-

nm

He

c-rynana, XOTH

B

p a s ~ o es p e m

TO n o p b I B a n M c b

cne-

J I a T b M M C n a H U b I , M @ P ~ H U Y ~M~ HI e, M U b I .

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O
nmna*, TO c y u a H n p a ~ n a ) Aa
. B c e T e x e n p e c n o B y T b I e saKEIHTM, TO e C T b C K a H n M H a B b I , KOTOPbIM H e CMfleJIOCb H a MX XOJIOnHOM M

AHOM OM

nPMP0,QHbIMM P e C y p C a M M nOJIyOCTpOBe,

3aXBaTMBLlIMe C e B e p 0 - 3 a n a n H y l O q a C T b C O B ~ ~ M ~ H pa^H O ~ ~
UMM

M yCBOMBLlIMe

M ~ C T H ~H3bIK
I ~ ~ (CT~PO@~~HUY~CKM

M KYJIbTYPY, K O T O p a H IIpeBOCXOnMJIa MX C O ~ C T B ~ H H ~AoD.
B o n b H o 0 6 b l q ~ 0 e neno B T e B p e M e H a - M e H e e

~ynb~yp~b~

3 a B O e B a T e J I b nOKOpHJICH 0 6 a H ~ M l OKYJIbTYPbI 3 a B O e B a H H O T O

~ e f i o, c T a s n m nocne
ce6~
B n y q u r e M cnyqae T o n b K o M M R . C K O ~ ~
pa3
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eM CnaBHHcKnx nneMeH H a b a n ~ a ~ K
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,
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no MpOHMM cynb6b1, q a C T b HaCeJIeHMH

HOPMaHH-

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n J I e M e H aHrJIOCaKCOB. B C ~ - T ~ K
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(1066
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an
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Aanee

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~ ~ ~ e p e c ~ e f i npouecc
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CWHTeTWseCKOrO H3bIKa, K a -

n p e ~ p a w a n cB ~H
Middle English -

K O B ~ I M W6 b 1 n ~B c e A p e B H e r e p M a H c K w e ,

~ ~ I K

a ~ a n ~ ~ w s e cno
~ ~CYTM,
fi.

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lTpOueCC n O C T e n e H H O r 0 CJIWRHMH H P ~ B H ~ ~ H ~ H ~ C~H3bIC K O ~ O
KOM

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~ ~ H ~ J ~ W ~ CMHTeTBYeCKOrO
~ C K B M
CTPOR.

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661

l T p 0 ~ y 6 n P i p 0 B a H b 1 , n p M Y e M @ P ~ H U Y ~ C KBaPMaHT
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kiMeeT

6onee

~ T O ~ X ~ C T B ~ H H K~ H
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repMaHcKoe

to come in - ccsxoAaTbb)

a @ p a ~ ~ y s cto~ enter
oe -

<(BCTynaTb)>.~ O ~ BCe
T HCJIOBa, kIMeK)Ukie OTHOUIeHkIe K Y n p a B JIeHPllo rOCyAapCTBOM, IopHCIIpyAeHqMH, apMMki, EI3RLUHMM
HCKYCCTBaM, npHllIJIki

a3 @ ~ ~ H ~ Y ~ ncOK
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p oR
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repMaHcKoro npokicxoxne-

a cnosa, meroruae o T H o m e H H e K T o p r o s n e a npoubmn e H H o c T a , - @ p a ~ u y s c ~ aneo. M e p e 0 6 0 r a r u e ~ aa~ r n a f i HHR,

CKOrO R3bIKa OH IIOCTelTeHHO BbITeCHReT @ P ~ H U Y ~ C K I ~-G
C H a Y a n a M3 CYAOlTPOkl3BOACTBa, H, HaKOHeU, H a C T y n a e T rOA

1483-fi, K O r n a

napJIaMeHTCKMe 3aKOHbI HaYHHaK)T kI3AaBaTb-

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C K O M
A

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afi

HaKOHeq-TO

CTaHOBMTCR rOCYAaPCTBeHHbIM.

HOBO~H~J
IIepUOfl
~U~~CKM~~
New English
BTOnepMOA C KOHUa XV B e K a ki A 0 HallIkIX ~ H e f i .3 a B e p npouecc nepexona ~ 3 b 1 K~ a H a n a T a Y e c K o M y c ~ p o m .
Hne~nanbaefimeu
e 3 ~ e ~ ea
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we
n e ~ c BuOCHOB~ ~
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UY3CKOrO R3bIKa, B e A b H O ~ M ~ H H O - @ ~ ~ H U @OHA
Y ~ C KYXe
~
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y J I b T y p b I T o r 0 B p e M e H H . u3MeHeHkIR, n p O l l I e A U I r ? e

3a

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fi
lTpaKTHYeCKEl
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Ha3bIBaeMOM H O B O ~ H ~ J I H ~ ~ C K H M .

C XIX s e K a H a r a n c R , no CYTM, H

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TO
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~,
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C HaVaBllIHMCR

o6oco6ne-

HMeM MHOrOYMCJIeHHbIX KoJIoHM~~, OCBOeHHbIX ~ P M T ~ H C K O ~
K O P O H O ~K~ KOHUY XVIlI BeKa.

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~ 060co6ne~~e~

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f BJIaCTI?
i
~ P M T ~ H C KKOPOHbl
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M~.
nOCTen e H H 0 MJIM B P e 3 y J I b T a T e PeBOJIlOUMOHHbIX B O ~ ~ H
KaK
, B YaCTM

C ~ B ~ PAHM O
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OT MeTpOnO-

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X H O
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O ~ O HOCMTenRMM KOTOPOrO CTaJIM
APYrPie HapOAbI. ~ T H O J I ~ K T BCe
~ I , AaJIbLUe O T X O n R u M e OT 6 ~ 1 4 -

B H a C T O R u e e B p e M R MHOrMe JIMHTAmerican English no K o n M r e c T B y n e K -

T~HCKO
R ~ ~~ I K O BHOPMbI.
O ~ ~
B M C T ~ ICqPiTamT, YTO

CMYeCKMX, r p a M M a T M q e C K M X Pi f l a m e HeKOTOPbIX 0 p @ 0 r p a @ M Y e c K M x I I ~ M ~ H ~ HO T
Mn M
~Y
~ a, I O u M x

ero OT British English, yme

<<3aCJIyXMBaeT* BbIAeJIeHPiR B K a q e C T B e CaMOCTORTeJIbHOrO

~3b1~
s aa n a n ~ o r e p ~ a ~ cr~p yonfnib 1 .

To x e norosapasam,

XOTR M C MCHbIlIPiM 3HTY3Ma3MOM7 M 0 KaHaACKOM M a B C T p a J I M ~ ~ c K o MB a p M a H T a X a ~ r J I M f i c ~ o R3bIKa.
r0

a H r J I M Y a H e B CBOeM r O P n O M KOHCePBaTM3Me HM

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np0-

n o c n e n o ~ a ~ e n b ~poef@
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n 1 0 6 0 ~XMBOM R3bIKe, 3a COTHM
K a P n P i H a J I b H O M3MeHPiJI0Cb7 a MX H a n H C a H M e OCTaJIOCb

BonPinM

n P O M 3 H O W e H P i e CJIOB, K a K B
JIeT

pa3y

npeXHMM.

H a n M C a H M H B n p M B e A e H H 0 M H H X e I I p k i M e p e IIPOM3HOCHTCH
O ~ M H ~ K O B Osisters
):
- iccec~pb~,>;
sister's - <ccecTpbI, npmannex a m ~ i 2c e c T p e * ; sisters' - <ccec~ep,npaaannexameii C ~ C T paM,>. A M ~ K ~ M T M3HaKOB
~ ~ C KHCT~ BOBCe
~ X - P ~ A K I ?c J~I ~y 9 a f i
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9 e H M e COCTaBJIHIOT OTHOCMTeJIbHO H e n a B H M e 3aHMCTBOBaHHH,
B OCHOBHOM H 3 @ P ~ H U Y ~ C K O ~B OH,a n M C a H H M KOTOPbIX C o x p a HHeTCH 0 p @ o r p a @ k i H H3bIKa-AOHOPa:

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a w i T a T b ero H a s M H a n M no n p a m JIaM ~ H ~ J I M ~ ~ c H3bIKa.
K O ~ O T ~ KH ,a I I p H M e p , @ ~ ~ H U Y ~ CH K
a-O ~
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f i 3TOM H 3 b I K e ~ Y K B ~
h I - ache [am],
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a H H e ~ Y K B COXpaHMJIO
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A ~ r J I H f i ~ K k lH3bIK
fi
C er0 H e y n 0 p ~ n 0 9 e H H 0 f i o p @ o r p a @ M efi nJIOX0 npacnoco6nea n J I H T p a H C K p H I I U H M 3aMMCTBOBaHB a n o c b HanMcaHkie cnoBa,

HbIX CJIOB, B 9aCTHOCTM MMCH C O ~ C T B ~ H H ~~ Ie X
e~p0neficKMx

T a ~ x OTCYTCTBYJOT
e
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o 6 n a c ~ ~~ ~. M B O X HY3 a H r J I 0 ~ 3 b 1 4 ~ 0 fBi M K B ~ I ~ A M H a Y a J I O
c T a T b a o H a m e M n p o ~ o @ b e ~ e<<Sergei
,>:
Sergeyevich Prokofiev.
Alternative transliterations of his name include Sergey or Serge,
and Prokofief, Prokofieff; or Prokofyev,>. I/I TOT H e n o c T a T O K
H3bIKOB.

l l p M C y U H3bIKY,

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absolute must, r e M 6a1 B ~ HM
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H e ~ e q ~ a5jI3ibIK

Deutsch

CTaJIO

~ F i f i( ~ O H H T H O ) TOBOpHTb.

n p ~ ~ e q a ~ e J I YTO
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i
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