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AocryuHr,IM. lJpyroii upeAcraer r{cri.rlloaturenrno o6oex:ToM yAolr
c t M o y T B e p ) +c I e H r {t t '
JreTBop elI Ht r , M oTt I BaI I ' l{ r { s f oI I eHTp l {! l e c r i o r 0
HcTorrrrrlhror\{ lIoAnHT}"n , l'oBop,fl Me'raq)op}Iqec}iu --- qeM To BpoA(
MareplrH(-llioii rpy;1ra, n,o.uNoii Ayrrrllcroro H c.trflAriofo ]KlrBIrreJlr,HoI'(,
HanHTril u"qu nycre.rii" - o6pen,arouleil Ha ro.'ro1Hylo crrep'rr,. f{p1
lorl neo6xo,tul'l . qto6r,l I43 Irefo (gcero "iII'IuIb IIeiloxoi+(ero' orJlr{rl
tl
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porannori Kalr{erc.fl co6cr}lenHas noBIrtI{HJr. B .nro6oru [r3 BtIAexell
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"yu1ep6Hocrr"
,f, Koropafi paHee o6oauarra!'racb rrirMl{ Karc rrorpe6ure,rrcrca.a
cMbrc"rroBa.Eno3rrqur{ (Corionona 8.T., 1989 1991).
Taxrrnr o6pasolr. K,rrr4Hl4rioaKcnepr{Mer{Ta.rrF,Hbrer{cc,'reAoBaHl4,g
iloxasbrBaror cB.flBt MelrcAy ypoBHeM rrcuxo,'rofr4rrecxoli gr.r{r$epeH4r,r
poBauHocrz .fl-cncreur,r H ucno,rlbayeMblMu crl,rit.trr\In caMo3aulrrrbl.
I Iaqzenrrr
c Hr{BKr{M ypoBHeM rrcuxo.Troruq ecrtorl gu{rQepenquponaH
rrocrlt r.fl rorelor K t4crro,rlbeoBanuro 6onee atfr$exrunuo - Hacr,rrr1eHHbIX
t:ru,rerl 3all{I,rrr,r cv6ren,TusHo-Bbrr.oAHoro caMoori{orrreHna, Tarinx,
liarc aMoI{HoHirJrr,Ha.r{uo.1rr]rrli,a, ayrorrHBa,tlldaur{fi
ra ay'rouut}au'rr.r
irusaqrr.fl, caMonpnyftpa[ruBaHr.te u o6pasorauue cJ.Ienbrx fI.ETeH B
oaMoBocnpprtrrttlr,
B To BpeM,fi Kari naIIHeHTLI c 6o,ree BbIcoF:,r{M
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rrpeAtroq H'r'aror 6olee "KofHrrrI,Igrrrrr?" cruJ'rr, nor4clca paqnoHaJIbHbIx ap
t'yMeHToB, flo ncelry Maccr{By aMnupnqec[ir4x AaHHbrx ouucaHr,I
(:JIeAyroulue 6o-'ree rracrHLJe nprleMr,r (raxrunu)
caMoaaulnrrr:
1)
vcuJreuue BocnpuHl{MaeMoto HecxoAcrBa. ue,.f nn,rotb Ao rlo,'r.Eptr,
:tu4un fl r.r He-.fl; 2) ayronH$aHTu,rr,r3arlr{n rr a}"Tor{xeanu4aqna; 3)
oBepxr4AeafiusarlnJt r{r'r}r /qprcKpeAr,rrar1u.EHe fl; 4) np,EMoe upr{nH(:brBaHHe.fl uoeurueHbrx KnrrecrB; 5) "npenpaueHr{e r{eAocrarxoB B
;1o6po4ere,rb'',; 6) caMoy'rBeplrigeHr4e c rroMoulbro orropr,r Ha pa
rlr{oHaJrr,Hylo xrecTHo pef J'raMeHTtrpoBaHHyro nporpaMMy )t<r43HI{ yt
llApaBbllt cMbrc.rl .

1,7,

P a c r 4 e n a e x[e
o 6 p a sa 'r e l e cu o r o
JI
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y nHrI c IIxr{eBr,rMr{ aAAnKrIr{sMH

1,7,1,

F l e r co r o p r 'r e r e o p e r fi q e cxr {e
H &r r p a BJr e u r {g
H c cJr e Ao Ba xxr o 6 p a e a r e n e cn o r o
tI
r aapy6errcnofi ucuxoJror{rr

flo nnexuro P.Vaii,rr.r (1979), Ao Hacroflrqero BpeMeHu cyu{e
t'TtlyIOT 3HaqI{TeJ'ILHbIe pa3J'IIrrrIU.fiBo B3IJIflAax I,IccJleAoga're.nefi Ua
ttlro6leuy cB,ff3n MelrcAv .fl-x,oHqenqueri (o6paaoM fl, noHaruev fl,
rrepeMeHrrr,rMu re,'IecHoro
{x'nouena,rbu6rM f u r.n.) pr paBJ.rr,rqHbrMrl
otu)rra. OgnoIi rr3 npr{q}rH arofo, no ee MHeHr,rro,.flBJ'rsercg He}fteJ'Ia
rHc aBTopoB Ae,'rrlrr, Ha ;1Ba l;l'Iacca recHo cB.E3aHHbIe MelriAy co6oit
rc 14xp"rornqecKl{e o6pasouaHua.
Tecnqe eAr4HcrBo rer'IecHofo orr,ITa r.r o6paaa ,fl 6r,r,ro rroKaBaHo
,,rr1c3.@peftgoNr ( 1 924), roAqepxuBaBrrrnM nax<ueriruyro po,rb rera
l nli. ncuxoJrlornqecnoro o6tercra B pa3Blrruu Dfo-crpyx'l'yp, a rarixce
n r'('He3e [cuxolaTo.uottltl,
B rIacTHocTI{, B pa3BI,ITI{U CUMnTOMOR
| ()u lJcpcHoHnoii rrcrepulr. Ilos;rrne re"rrecHofo uepe)+cllBaHHff 3aH.tr
,r(l unnHoe Mecro B efo rerrc'Tn.recnorl TeopHH, corr'IacHo rroropoti
lllr()l(ccc pa3Bl{Trr.fi 6rt,r npe.lcraB.rreH ria}i npoqecc u3MeHeHt{.fl ,'IoI n.,rHlarII{H nu6uilo".
@r,rxcarln.a r4HTepeca rl, onpeAe!'IeHHoii aoue

lo7

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Ber,ra4 Ha re,'ro rcarc Ha rpaHI{I{y .fl, c ognori cropoHbl, fi Teonc
Mltpa
K paBJII{rreHr4Io BHyrpeuHero
tlcr4xoaHa,rluaa o cnoco6xoctpr
cy6sercr:rlnHblx )rcer'IaHIrIfiu eHeilrxero MI,Ipa o6ter.rog Kax eaxcueftrrreM AocrnitceHrrl4 HopMaJTbHoro pa3Brtrl{ff pe6enrca, c gpyrofi, craJII,I
OTIIpaB HbI M LI nyH IiTaM n B n ocTpoeH I'In [epBoro Han pa B"'IeHLIff I4ccJIeAoBaHH,ff TeJrecHoro orr6lTa. Pevr uget o6 ucc,'reqoBaHuu rpanfiA
o6paaa re,rra" (body image boundary). 3to nonstue 6r,r"ro BBeAeHo
C.@r.rrueporu r.r C.KJrfis,'IeHAoM (1958), Koropble I4cxoAIlJ'IIt rI3 T,oro,
tITo
O[pa3"'IuqarcTcg Uo ToMy' HaCIiO,'IbIio TBepAL-IMI4
"IIIoArI
'
peAe,rleHHF,rMr{", "npeAoxpaH.fi rcquMIt oT BHeITTHI4Xeos4ericrlrafi ",
"oTropaxcI4BaIoqlIMII oT BHeIIIHeTo MI4pa OHI{ BOCUpUHLIMaIoTrparrurllr co6ctBeHHoro re,Ta. KaId npaBI{JIo, oro BocupuffTue HeocoouaHHo r{ flpoflB,'rffercff B rryBcrBe ofipeAe"'IeHuoft otrpauurreHHocrl4
oT oltpyxcarorqerl cpeAbr. B nato;roruPl, HanpvMeP, nPu noBpelKAe
uuorAa ua6,rro4aerc.E paBMbITue
rrr4r1Mo3ra vJrv npfi ruusofpeHnn
rpaHr{rl TeJ'I& H cMeIIIeH[e
r,rJ'rl4Aall{e ucrreSHoBeHpIe oqyulaeMblx
co6struir, rroropbre npor.rcxoAsr BHyrpr{ t4 BHe $ueuvecrcr,rx rpaHrrll
'teJIa.
Anroprr
[pel"ro)rcl4,Tl{ opuruna JIbHbIIl M er oA ycraHoB,IleHl,t.ff
creneHI,t qernocrrr v onpeAe,'IeHHocrl4 rpaHHII o6paaa re,'Ia, ocHoBaHrrrrfi na cnequa,'rL,HoM aHar'IuBe rrporoKoJIoB MeroAltrcu Poprnaxa. Ha
ocHoBaHI{u aToro aHaJIusa Bbrcr{lITbIBaloTcff ABa noKaSa'reJIfl "6apr,ep" (B) u "npoxuqaeMocrb'
(P). rlena Bblrrre nepnrrrl rroKasao6pasa
're,'rF,u Hllxce ntopori, TeM rlerrle u o[peAeJIeHHee fpaHuqrr
r, Bblrrre "npoHltIIaeoBoero re,ra. rleu Hr{xce noKa3are,'IL, "6aprep"
Mocrb , reu 6o.rree pacnJlblBqarr,I rr HeorrpeAeJIeHHbIorpr rpauuqbr.
flonaaaNo cyulecrBoBaHue ycrofivusolyl cssau Me)ftAy crerreHr,ro oupeAe.treHHocrI{ rpaHI4q o6paaa reJIa I4 oco6esnocrsuu
.rloH,ar'IU3aIIUHncI/tXocoMaTUqeCKI,IXcI{MnToMOB, HeKOTOpbIMU nCUxo{rraauo.rrornqecKHMH rr "'rr{trHocrHbIMu xapariTepI4crItttaMI4 rre,IIoBer:n. V,ruq c BbrcoKHM ypoBHeM onpeAer'IeHHocrlI rpaHItII B coBHaHfifi
n cH ee rrp eAcraB,'reH br BHe[r Hrr e n oxpoB L,rr e,ra, flcuxoSn azo,rorzv e(:rirrMlr H,oppe!'IffTaMlr aMor{HoHa,'IbHbIx coc'ro.snlrfi y HIrx qau{e gB.,rrrrorcff paS,rlurlHbre rr3MeHeHl{ff cocTo.EHu,fl Ko}tcu I{ MycKyJIaTypbI
(rroxpacneHue r4Jrr4no6,regnenr,re, Mypaurrdr{ ", cTynopu u r.u.). B
t'.rlyqae ncI{XOCOMaTI'I3aIII4I4 cpIMITOMbI rIaUIe Bcero J'IoKaJII'I3yIOTCff
rr o6.rracrn BHerrrHr4x rroripoBoB (axaeurr. AepMlrrbr n r.n.). I4c(''rleAoBaHr.rfl BbrffBrrr'n4 y no406nurx cy6'rerctos 60nee cra6lrlr,nyro
||/'[arrTarlfi ro, cpl JrbHyIo aBToHoM Hro, BbI pa*ceH Hoe cTpeM JIeHr,Ieri 3Mo| (r{oHaJ'IbHbIMKoHTaFiranr. V,rnq c nuarcofi crerreHblo o[pe,qeJleHHor''r'HfpaHuII o6paaa reJra B co3HaHrtr{ 6o,'reeorrrer,'II4Bo npeAcraBJIeHbI
rlt vrpenHr{e opfaHbr. Ha arrorlnorexHble crr{My,'Ir,I oHrr pearupylor
lr:rMeHeHHeMcocroff Hrrn'Ke.rryAoqHo-xrarue'ruofi 14cepAeqno-cocyALt,"r'ofi cucreu. C atnnalr opraHaMrl Tera cBflgaHbl I{ ucuxocoMarl{qe. r:.HecuMnroNrrr. Jha'ruocrHL,re oco6eHHoctil npogB,'Iff ro'rc.g r cna6ofi
n rlroHoMI,IrI, BbIcottoM ypoBHe .rru.IHocrHofi Baulurbl, HeyBepeHHocrl{
r ( 'o r {n a , r b H b r x K o H r a n r a x ( @u u r e p C ., 1 9 5 8 , 1 9 7 0 ) .

III,I'I'H'I,IIHIIHOCTIi,

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Ilos4gee A'Ag-rrep ilolda3aJl cyrqecrBoBaul{e recHoli cBgBLI MextHeKoropble
o6pa3oM Te,'IecEoro ,fl r,r cauooq,eHKoll (a uacrnocrn,

IOT CO6Ofi fIONbITIdY KOM
TH fI T,I q E.IIOBEIIECI{,OIO NOBEAEIIU fl NPEACTAB,TI.fl
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c , ' I f la ffx
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"6es uepHlr r i paapun" ( 1975 ) .
cyq ecrBye r
flo unenuro Ouurepa, orcyrcrBr{e reJ'Iecuoro ,f so NfHorux
"fl nouqeurr,H.Ex" orpaxcaer o6ulyro reHAeHIIurc HenpuffTr{ff 6uono
rr{qecrlr{ opr4eHTrlpoBaHHbIx reopr.rfi noBeAeH}r.fl.,{yxonHoe,fl noaso
o6pas velonena.
-rr.Eer B o[peIe.rreHHofi creneuz ryMaHn3npoBarb
noroprrr? MexaHutlecKlr ynpoqa,'Il4 6uo,'Iof H3lrpyrcLI-I,Hereopun. Ho
ItrHOpI{pOBaTr, Tot {ranr, tITo upocTpaH
B TO )rie BpeMfl HeBO3MO)rCHO
CTBO, B KOTOpOM CyUIeCTByeT fl, eCtl qe,loBeqecH,oe Te,'Io' a caMo
oilIyuleHne Bcerla npoflB,ll,rercfi B +opMe reJIecHoro repelxl{Baurrrl .
BHyrprr re-rla.
ce6.s r{MercullrM "MecroHaxo*cJeHue
<fl oqyulaer
3ro "uectoHaxo:iK.IeHHe" crporo .rIoKanI{3oBarto. IIo .f Hnrcor4a ce6rl
c re,'roM He orolrcAecrBJrfler. Te,ro .ns,'Igercfl oAIrI,rM us o6beKToB er()
BocrrpHff Tr{.n, no.1o6Ho ApyrrrM o6'r,entaiu, rrpeAcraB,'IeHHIIM B Tpex
Me pHo M n po c r paHc r Be. . . Te. I I o - or paHn q e n n u r . i o 6 t e n t , u u e r o r q u i i
nocneAHee cyurecrByer BHy'rpI4 rpauuq...Tt'
fpaHnqy aoxpyr fl
"uoe". }l
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}rce ocosHaer ce6.s B HeM Borr,'rouleHHlru. He HMefi flpoTff]rceHHocrll ,
fI zve er
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s Aec b , H 3 T O " 3 A e C b . O C O 3 H a e T ( r t l
Hn Nrae Nrafl B eulb, oHo Bc eI . I a
(Jlaugxo"lr'ru, 1946)'.
lAe ro BHyrpH Te,rrecHbrx rpaHrlq

Il rroc.te4uee Aecrrrn-rrer[e rlxTepec K T e "IeC E OMY MoA yC y nepexcl {B aE fi i r
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II

7

IICHXOCI'IETE3A.

109
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110

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,,oi" ,""oqrpeuner?
1960; @lrurep, 1964) u 6o"qee IrH3ri'ylo
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14
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HCM

" l I4T IH C ,C tgO r i

AENPECCU}I

rerroM (Nfapce,r,ra A.,
MC)I.AY

1981).

VAOBJETB-OPEHHOCT'IO

I4

C TE I I C H b I O

I { C Y A O B J I E TB O P C H H O C TI I

Bucorca.a Koppe!1r{rlu.n o6Hapy;xeHa
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1960), a,r,nxe
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JI., 196g).
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l n l 'i g Sf
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"fo.,r,rruBy.Icxr{x pa3Nrepou (@uurep.
K.lnn.neu;r, 1g58).
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rrTo c,rrylrcr/tT cAepxcl{BaIoUILIM
6aprepou
AJIS BbIpa}KeHn.ff arpeccl{Bu B eA er
cr co Bb lBa e r a eauuo4eti crB ue
a r p e ccl4 lr
C r pa x
Hr, r x q y B c r B .
peureH ufl M'
T .e . u ce BAo coB MecrH bIM
o 6 ' r e 4 zHe HHIo '
K nocnerrruouy
Kali,

nauplrMep,

B cJIeAyIouIeM

$parrtrente

AI4aJIora:

V Nrerr,q6u.no upe4floJro]*ceHne' qro aro rroxo]Ke Ha
Myx:
craprrfr ,'Ir{croli.
)I{e x a: Ha,rr'rcrox? (He4oyuenuo)
M yn: .(a! (cnorcoi,iHo,rnep4o)
)I{eruo; }Iy, Ha r'Iltcrorc- Ao, Ha,IIucroK noxo}Ke - A4... Aa
noxoxce Ha JII,ICTOX.
B 4pyrorvr c,Ilyqae )KeHa rro,'Iuocrblo or6upaet y Mylrca reopeTI4qeCKyK) r,tHr{IIUaT?tBy, npH 3TOM OHA r{3O BCeX CllJI CTapaercg
IIOMOIIb MY}ICY YBI{AETb IIPCAJIO}KEHHYIOErc UHTEPNPETAIIUK)' HE
ncKJIK)qeHHbIri ll3 coBMecro6paulan BHuMaHrI.fl, uro tfarcruvecKll
x ofi geare,'rl'Hocr I,t rvryr*c o6pev eH Ho n puHuMaer ruo6oe [peAJ'IorKeHue
Po4ute.nr
o6ulenue cTpol{Tcfl IIo rlruy
xceEr,r. Cynpyrxecrcoe
B KoHTpoJIe
Pe6enorc, rAe )r{eHa yAoBJlerBopffer cBoK, uorpe6nocrb
6ttusoc'tu u
rcoMrleHcPtpyror 4eQnqur
H orreKe, ra o6a cynpyfa
C ? I M IIA T UI,I.

fiu,anoz a CTP
)Iteruo: B rcarcorr,rrIoJIo*ceguu
,ryvure?
My x :

K gr i x ov e ru r...

Ilcuxonoeuvecrcaa'
wwmepnpem&qun
B.ryorxen nepBblfi BriJIaA Bo BBaTeuepb oqenlrogeficroue
peAb 3a MyIceM.

lldena: fl gyuaro, qro aro tIToTo runa )rcyKa. .(a? Io,'ronxa...
Bz4uurr? A oto .rro?

flonrrtrca .Ilarb c06crBeHHoe Br{o6rqufi
AeHue, cQopuzpouarr
Sorcyc BHHMaHT{.s.

Mym: Mru. lpxsr.

ya{acrue'
@opuaatnoe
qr{fl TpeBorI{.

)Iterua: Her! Het... 3ro rcarcoeuoe. Tr,r cor"uacen?

Saulura or rpeBoru' IrorrblTrca
oTBeprHyTb npeAJIo)r{eHI'Ie Myxca.

Myttc: Yry.

flces,roconNtecrHrrfi

TO

H aC eK OMOe,

H eOrrpeA eJ IeH -

npoerc-

orBer.

HaBbIBaJIH TaKofi crlrJlb o6Irleur'ra B npoqeAype
Hao.nsuxeflMbI
Kooneparlnfl B orrp-eAenoJluocrblo orcyrcrByer
CTP, nfin*i6io-poM
("fi unuy
cBoe' a rlr cooe") r.r
r'reHurr coBMecrHblx peurenuii
oqenrcoft unuqllarl{B
upeo6.nagaxruleli
Apyr Apyra ffB,]I.flercs I'IrHoHe rtblTalo'fcff nepeAarr, cBoe
pupoBaHue rr orK,'IoHenne. Cynpyrn
ByAeHue rrffTHa, He Aalor gcHblx lt qerKl4x no.scHennfi cBor{x upeA.norxennrl, He crpeMfiTcg nafirr,r o6u1ufi yro,Il speHlr's' oHlI rcarc 6y4to
Bor rcarc BIITJIffAI{T }rx AHaJIor s CTP
He cJlblrrlar oAIdH Apyroro.
(Sparuenr):

nuanoz a CTP

IIcuxonozux,ecnafl.
uwrnepnpefnaquf,
coBMecruoro

]Idena; .fl nraqero He Mory crca3arb (orcrpaHeHHo, nefitpaarHo).

or
OrcrpaneHze
asalluogeticraua.

H o u n e Ka l xe r cg ' tITo
Myx:
oTo noxolKe Ha MopcKoe xcuB o r H o e . r {e u - t o H al o M u r r a e r ...
(ea4yrvrvr,rno).

co 6 ctn e g H o r o
Br r 4 n u xce u u e
npeAnoJ'Io)I(eHHff'

]Itena: Ho o.renr
(aanure;rrno).

He noAAep)ftKa
Hue.

orAaJIeHHo...

Myltc:9to
4axie He o6ssare,'IrHo MOpcFt,Oe,cKaT, HanpHMep,
Molxer 6rrrr. soo6ure - ,rrc6oe

PaaaeprrraaHlle
yKpynHeHne.

u He orKJ'IoHecBoeir

ugen,

)I(ITBOTHOE.

Beapae,'rlrvno.

)Itex,a.: IIy, .Ito rbl BHArIrIrb?

Orrcae or HHuIIHa,IIbHoro roJtr i' O BAHH f l , p A A H B O B J I e q e H n f l
My)r{a

!v[y:ttc:.A tr,r?

Hesggtne

136

7

lnaaa

rlac.nta I

HHHUIIaTHBbI.

qro Bce eto efi orrenb cK)rquo.
)Itena Mo,'Iqltr, uao6paxaa,
rrceHbl Bbrparcaerc,I
Myrx 6epet cneAyloulyrc T a6;rr,rqy. "Lleo,raqna"
H nosofi "4aofinoft sauIHTbI": HorH nepeuJlereHbl' pyKlr cKpelr{eHbl
"rro-HarroJleoHoBcKI{
oTcTpaHeHHoCTb U He}Itena AeMoHcrpllpyer
)KeJIaHne pasAeJruTb oTBeTcTBeHHOCTb3a COBMeCTHOepertreHue.

L37

tlocnta

lnasa

I

B 6o,ree c,iro)rcHoM BapltanTe "uoorffr{rrff"
Bbrcry[aer
[pe)rcAe
Bcero Ha oMorlnoHaJrbnoM ypoBHe o6rqenna. @opua,rrno BBaI4MHoe
corJracue Mor{er I,r ,[ocrurarbcfl,
xor.fi 611 4aa o4Hofi ra6anqr,r,
oAHaKo, tcatc npaBzJlo, qenofi yHI4)rceHI{g My)Ka, rrocraHoBrdu ero B
rrosr{rlurc Pe6enrca, upeABapure,rrbHoro o6ecrleHnaaHH.E ero orBera.
flpoana;rr,rar4pyeM Sparuen'r Ar/ra,'rora atofi napu s CTP.

nuanoe e CTP

Ilcuxonoeurt,ecKa&
unmepnpemat4ua,

) Ide na :34 ecu6 a6 o. r na( Hanoplr cro r,r ynepeHuo).

O r ner - y r n e p x c A e H l 4 e ( n e r e p n a
u1ufi aoapaxceHnR), orKpblToe
AoMnHr,rpoBaHHe.

(Morvanr,re 2 ruv.ttyru) Myuc:
C,ryurafi, a noxolxe... Boo6u1e,
ff crca3a,rr eJrxa... A norou
Ha rrer'roBexa noxoxce...
Ao?
(aalrcrcr,raarorqe)

corJlaclaff.
KoHcrarr,rpoBaHrre
Po6xas nonbrrKa 4arr co6cr
o
BeHHoe Bu1ervre, upocr6a
noAAep)rcrce, Ho c nosr,rqlru Pe
6enria.

E{ena: IIer (cnoxofiHo), 8oo6r q e, o 6u 1e e, rcax 6a6o' r r c a. . .

flo,rnoe, npsMoe orrcJroHeur.re.
Vr nepr x q e n u e
co6crBeHHoro
tsrdaeHr{ff.

(Myx qe,'rbrx 3 mnnytrr
pHT Ha ttap'rr,rurcy)
A?

Su.oquouarbHoe AaBJreHHe"cBep

cnro,r

xy

yxoA or rcoH

Myxc: Ilaaepnoe, ecrb rroxor{ee
rrro-To (cotrtHeaaacb, HeyBepeuHo, rJ'rasa "a no,r").

flpuulrpenvecrcrafi
$,rlrrc'ra.

]IteHa: .(a... Cr'rorpil, rreJIoBeK
c noAHffTbrMLr pyKaMH H errle
rr ro-To... (Mffrrc o) .

flonsrrrca npn6nuautr
n ce6e
Mylrca, pa3BfiBaff ero rrAero.

Myxc: Bot,
Tyr ero AepIKLIT
KTo-To (oxcnunaurr,rcr).

paspa6orrca
,{a"rrxeriruan
ulero BHAeHr,rff,

)I(ena: A soo6ue .(a?!

O r c r pa u e u n e
Sopva,rrHufi
BO npo c .

6a6o.{rca.

Myx: .fl upo 6a6ovny He roBo,
pu, ' I , npaB A a. .. (p o 6 rc o ).

o6

or naprHepa,
, puropn.recrrii

f lour t r n a
o6opoult,
Ho ylh:('
npr{HJrrr,re Br,rAeHr,r,E6o,ree clr;rr
HO r o n a p T H e p a "

Terccr [pHBeAeHHoro SparnaeuTa Hacr,ruleu TpaHBaKTHbrMn
MaHeBpaMI,I flaprHepoB. ]ICena ro BJracrHo r{ HarrpoJrloM ocyulecrrt
Jlger JruAepcrBo H AoMraHl4poBaHlte, To, olcoHrrareJIbHo y6eguaurr,rr:r,
r no6ege, HAer Ha Heldoropoe c6;ruxeur,re,
ttp?IrJlauraff My)rca r:

138

1

MHpHrIM rreperoBopau. Ho, riaK To,'IIbKo Myirc npI,IHIaMaer ee MaHeBp
Ba qI,IcryK) Mouery vI vT,er Ha corcpauleHI,Ie rrcuxo.rrorr,rvecrcofi 4r'rcTaHIIuu, )rceHa ryr )Ke BooBpaulaer ero u ae6s x, ucxo4uofi noBI4III'Ir{
orcrpaHeHltn (rapIaaHt " Peiino " ). Myx oxaar'IBaercfl BoB,rleqeHHL,rM
c co6orl riaK c
cpasy B Hecxor'rbno ilrp: noaBoJlffer o6parqatrca
"r{ro
a cAe.rla,rl, 'r'ro6rr
urrHorrHr4ri,oM r & 3areM HeAoyMeBaer:
3ac,Ylylrcr,rrbrarcoe?". Mexcgy TeM, B c6;ru*cenur.r He :lar{HTepecoBau
Hr4 Tor, Hr,r4pyrolt. flo gauurrv KoHTeHT aHaJrI{3a co'ruHenuii "Mofi
orcyrcrBylor
r,'ry6orcaa cI4MIrarHJr [r 6.rIpr3oc1]t
MylK" u "Mos
'rcena
IIclltxoJIoru.{ecfioI? JIHc'tnHi{Hfl qpeMe)rcAy cyIIpyraMI,I,,goKpauIeH]re
"A
6pax,-ro BeAb MeprBrrfi!". To,rulio HfpoBafl
BaTo oTKpbITrreM:
cTpyKTypa o6rqeHua no3Bo,'IfleT coxpaHffTF, 6par" n orcyTcrBl4rl
qyBcTB, rrpr4i{eM coSAaBaff y cyIIpyf oB 14,r,'Iro3r{Io coBMecl'Hocrll
("flocnnorpu, Kari s craparocr!").
flo 4aHHuv recra Jftoruepa (1988), 3a FialxAbIM I,r3 BL,IAeTIeH,
cBo.fl ttou6ranaqua
Hbrx B CTP c'rpt,refi o6uleuraa o6napyrxr.rnaercs
couepHnr{ecrnorpe6Hocrerl naprHepor.
flpu
frpyctpupoBauHbrx
ne" $pycrprrpoBaHna,fl y o6oux naprHepoB norpe6uocrb B caMoyBa)KeHnI{ npnBoAr{T K Bo3HLrKHoBeHI,IrcBauluTHoro cru,r"R o6ulenrla, ,
peaJlllayroqerocg
B rrf pax "florc,arxu, Ha qro 'rr'r cnoco6eu" rI
"Pefino".
"flceagocorpyAHurrecrBo"
cuv
KoMneHclrpyer 4e$uqlrr
l
r $opnte ?
B ornolrreHr{ffx
Me)+c.qy cyllpyraMra
fiarur
u 6tuzocru
@pyct l
]rdeHa Pogure.nr, -- lryx-Pe6enow".
rrrpoBbrx orHoruenzfi
pr,rpoBaHHaR no'rpe6Hocrt, n 6,rlrsocrr{ B coqeraHuI,I c 4eSurlurou ,
yBalKeHIIs )I(eHF,r ri Mylrcy I4HItIInupyeT r{fpoB},Ie oTHoIIIeHl{ff THrr& i
-"--:
"Pefino", ",(afi nnHe nl4Hlia , "flocnrotpu, ri.aK s crapalocF,
rro3BoJl.qer lro-HoBoMy B3r.'IflHyrb Ha
K,rrEnr.rqecnrariuarepuar
o6yc.rloB,rIeHHocru o6uleHrlR u crkrJrtl
npo6nelry
MorrrBarluoHuorl
o6rqenua Kari cn,'IaBa" MorlrBaI{?IoHHof o I,I LlHcrpyMeHTaJ'IbHoro ero
KoMnoHeHTon. Bo- uepnbrx, Kaxcercff npaB oMepHl,IM pa3,qu\arb nt.pu.
oco6ori MorIrtnt,una. o6u1eHnR, rlarxgr,tfi u3 Koropblx rrHlrllhrtpyercs
aaquefi, onpe.{e,rrflrou1efi ee c'rpyKTypy, Ll,e,'ru n cnoco6u o6u1euna.
[Iepaat.u trs :avrx Ha3oBeM Ae,'IoB[,IM, u-nu Sopva,'ItHo po,IIeBr'IM.
Po,resbre rto3rrrlr{r{ naprHepoB drnncupoaaxbl - B narc,'IoHuorl n,roc
ttocTr{, acrlMMerpfitIHbIe. flpnrvrepr,r no4o6uoro cTItJIff o6uleuua:
Bpaq - 6o,rlHofi, HaqaJIbHHK - noArrr{Hennrtii.
1nrfire,'rb - freHux.
r{etxo onpeAeJleHbr, r}ropua,rlrcoBaHbl po,IIeB[,Ie npaB]rJ'Ia o6rqenux.
o6renrHr'rfi);
,rrurrHocrHo aaxpr,rrlrfi (o6'rext Tun o6u1envrfl JII,ITIHbIerIyBcTBa, MoTIIBLI n UeJ'II{, He npeAycMoTpeHHr,Ie LIHcTpyti
IltrffMlr n npaBH.[aMI{ Ae.rloBoro npollrsBoAcTBeHr]oro o6rqeHun. ueAonycrl4MbI. Hepe4llo no4o6Han MoAe,rr' nepeHocr{Tca n c{repy
npI4BOAI{Tr: B3aPTMHOMy
I{HTITMHL,IXOTHOrUenr4ri.-ItO geO6.flgfrTe,rlbHO
HeyAoB"'rerBopeHr,rrc,Hanpr{Mep, n 6par;e rro pacalery, 6paxe- xoHtpa
celrelinori
ircra3Hrt .rIei+cHT eue cer\4eliHoii
KTe, KorAa MorrrBarrus
ML'I paAr{ co
o6ulnocrlr.
BosN{or+cHo{roprrlnponanue ceuer?noro
q v a J r L H o r o r r o r o ] r ie H r {"r t, Fi ,a p L e p b ,l n o r u $ o p ta
H T.J. l l cr l r :xe
BHeIrIHffff MOTHBaUHff tlCrIepIrLIBaeTC.fl, bpal: paCnaAlreTCJr H,1H

l3{)

lnae_g 1-

rlocnt.u I
()'ruorrreHrtfl Moryr npno6perarr,
6o,ree cJlo]rcHylo crpyrcTypyr nepe
xoAJi Bo nropofi, nrponor?, MaHl4rryJl.flTr,rautrfi trau o6nlenr'ra.
I{e;rr u MorrtB l\IaHurry,r.rrnBHoro rl{na orr{ourenraft ue coBrlacoxpaHl4Tb oruorrreHrtff, Ho HeocoBHaHHI'Ifi MorI{B
;lurcT, I-{eru "T'|oJILKopa4n re6a",
uocMorpl{, KaK. f,[
or,'IrrBaercff n urporofi craparocb
flosruuu
AuHaMI,tqHbI B pa3HbIx Br'rAax lrrp r{ xiecrxo
B paMKax rcaxc4ofi. Ponesbre npeA[r{canrdll.. Tarcxce
{rurccnporaHbl
"Pefi no ", xcena
{xrrcclrpooaHbl upaBI4.naNII.{I4rpr,I, HanplrMep, Htrpaff
o6neaHa BcerAa 6rIrn o6o.nbcrltrer'IlHorZ. nna're oHa He cMo)tcer
[oAAepEcItBaTb TJ'IeIOUInft celcCSra"rUUr,rrl nu'repec My)rca; oHa ]Ice
noMr,Ic
ero, o6nraH}rB B "rpgaHblx
AoJIIKHa BoBpeN{ff orro,'Ircnyrb
,rax", vro6bl coxpauuTb Bepy Mylrca B ero MylKcKyIo cliJly LI Ae3aBy
r{poBaTb peaJILHyIo HIt3Fiyrc nOTeHqI{rc.
flpl{poAa aroro rr{Ira o6uleulrn Bo BSauIvIMannny,rarr,rBHa,a
HOM "IlrCno,'II'3oBaHUU" [apTHepOB B KaqecTBe cpeAcTB yAOBJIeTBopenus co6crseHubrx norpe6uoctei?. Ero rrornBallnff' crporo roBop;r,
He Mollcer 6r,rrr, otgeceHer H, rrracro'arol4crlltrccKHM H oror{eHTpr4qec
KI'IM, TaFi Fiald' BOB,'IeI{aficF, B Hrpy' [apTHepF,I y.{oB,lIeTBOpffIoT lle
Ho o.{HoBpeNreHHo,1arcr ce6a ucno.rlbSoTo,'rbrio cBoI,I norpe6uocru,
BarF, naprHepy B KaqecrBe o6'renra ygoBJ'IerRopeHnff ero
TgIpeO
pr,rnovnurri
Trtn
nocrefi. Bo,ree noAxoALrr I{Hoe onpeAe,'leulte o'rHoruenutl, lAe KalrcAblI,I rr3 IIapTHepoB rl3B"IIeKaeT r{3 l4fpbl CBOIo
Br,rroAy, Ho r4 rrJrarr,ITBa Hee: Ie.rlafl Apyroro cpeAcrBoM (o6tenr:oru),
caM Br,rcrynaer B DToM )rce F.,ar{ecrBe. Ec.qH ucruHHbIe Morr'IBL't
o6rqennn cKpbrrbr r{,{H BaMacKr4poB&HlIl To rro R3arrMHoMy coria]i npaBI{,'Io, caM
f,'racr4ro. trfrpa uo cBoeMy ilecrHas, [aprHep!
"o6ltaHrrsarbc.E,paA",
r.r6o ronr,rco qepe3 BBaIrMo3aBr'tcl'IMocrt rj
rrcrroJrr,3oBaHlre Apyr Apyra [apTHepbl nolxepr];ItBaK)T IIeHHocTrcsoero .fl.
orKpblToe "'Irl{qHocrHoe o6u1enue.
rnn o6rqeHulrr Tpenuii
lloauqnr.r crrMMerpr{trHLIe. naprHepcKne, cy6'renr-cy6sextur,re.
Ano,'roreroNr erofo rnna o6uleuua .ffn.tIffercfl B coBpeMeHHofi ncuxo
,Irornn K.Pogxcepc Lt BoarJraBir.fleMoe rrNI f y Mr-rHHcrlrrrecnoe HaupaB
pagrz
,'reHr{e. MorznaquR
Tanoro rnna o6ulenna (pa.1u uero) rroJIHoro pacripL,rTIrff u pa3BItTH.fI ItHAI4BI{Aya.IIt'H}'IXOCOOeHHOCTeI4,
Karrecr B r{ noreHrlr4a.rrr,H},rx Bo3Mor+iHocrei,i .1pvr Apyra.
Llgeo,rorurl aroro rlrna o6nleHlrx B IrrIcro.flulee BpeM.fl oco6eH
HO nOily,llflpHa, co38l^lHa MHofI,rM o6rrle.telonetlecliHM It nJIaHe
TapH[,rM norpe6uocrau
6trrr sNrecre, He crecngg, He rr],ITaffcb
HHBe.TII{poBaTbpa3,'Iltqil,fl Apyf APYfa' BMecTe' Ho coXpaH.fl.ffpa3JII{qfiff'
pa3BuBa.E paanurrrr.E, co4erlcrny'a MaFicaMa.ttl,HoMy I{x paclip}'ITI,Irc.
O6rqeve,rone.reclil-rIl uacfroc. cBoeBpeN{eIItt ocr[' H rIo.rlurtlrlec
Iiafl
a L i T y a J I F ,HOCT L , ST OfO T e 3 llCA He Br,I3bl B al oT C OMH eH H ff. I{fO
K A C a e T C g H a n O.IIH e HHOCT I' e f O IICI,IXO.r IO|U IIeCri ,HM co;Iepx(aH I'!eM' T()
fl cH bIN I , ti ,an u H e orpet|.l e
B o n p o c H e n p e.q cr a B.r r se r cfl
Ao cr a r o tlHo
I4cTopH K o-nO.rIl {Tl rqecH .fi Jt
ficupoBaHa
I 4 cT o p I,IKo r r cHXo .r Io tHr Ie cH,a n .

o6yc;ror.rreng ocrb no ff B,'IeHr'Is I4 lrrlrpoporo pacnpocr.pagegl4 ff l4Aerl
ucnxo,'rorl{tr Ha SanaAe H B Harrrefi crpaue.
ryruanr.rcru.recxofi
rrcilxoJror'tlu
oreqecrBeHuoft
ryMarII{crI,IqecKofi
Passutue
gMeeT oco6bre rrpplqt{Hbl, TeCHO CBgSaHHbIe r{ nepenJleTeHHf're c
)Icu3HI4 HaDIeft cTpaH[,I IIolrcTopHer? o6ulectneuno-no.nHTI{IIecKofi
cJ,reAHr{X 10-20 JIer:. flepnr,re po6Ktre norrbrTr(n 3HarcoMcTBa IIcIlA.M a c"n o y,
a yAl .{'r o p u l r c p IAe a M l I I.O,r n o p r a ,.
x o r o r l {r l e c K o f i
(n qacruocrl4'
B Kypce "3apy6e*{Hble
K.Po4xepca
B.@panx,ra,
Teopuu JIr{qHOCTrl", quTaeMoM B MOCKOBCIcOMrOCyAapcTBeHHoM
yur.rnepcrrrere B.B.SeiirapHHK c KoHrIa 60-x rogon) 6r,rau neor4e"rra
M b r o T y B J 'I e q e H r g r r cl {xo ,'Io r o Bo KSI4 C Te H IIU a - r r r {3 M OM 'IIp n q e M cKo p e e
ero "{r,rreparypHbrM, vent drra,roco+cKnM BapI4AHToM- [IonHe r'r4eu
o6nanaru He roJll,tco r{rrcro Ha}rtIHbrM o6a.xrrr'ren u cBex{ecrbx)' oHu
Hec,", c co6orl HaAelrcAy rra ocBo6olrcAeHr4e oT BbrHylrcAeunoii $a,rrx;r'rsHeHuorl're,roge'recrcofi no3uur'Il4' OnH
ilrlrsofi Anoficrneuxofi
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1976.
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ncuxo'rlorllla'
HocrrIKI4 napyruenzrl ceuefinoio o6ulenun II Bonp'
1985, l$ 7.
7. Corconoea E.T. Carrocoananl4e I'I caMooIIelIKa npl4 aHoMa,'rrtffx Jrr{tlHocrz. M., 1989.
8. Corconoea E.T. Oco6eHnocru caMocosHaHldfi npl{ HeBpoTI{rrecxoM paBBHTHlr nutlHocrrl. Anropedr' AoKT'AI{cc' M'' 1991'
an'ro9. Corconoaa E.T. B,rlrsnlre rra caMooIIeHKy HapyneHufr
r'r $opnnupe6enrcou
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M., 1981.
1O. Corconoaa8.7., fJ,opomeaeqA'H' klccne4oBaHl{eo6paaa
.gt HeKoTopbre pesyJIr,TaTbI U pasMbIIIL'Ier*t,s. Me)t{
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// Bectu.
KocBeHHoro r43MepeHr{ff clrcTeMbr caMooIIeHoK
3'
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[oApoc'I]Ka or oruolrreHr{s rt HeMy po4nrenefi I / Bonp' nc?IxoJ'IorI{H'

1986,]s 2.

E.T. Cosa{ecrnl'rfi recr Popruaxa AJ'IffAl4aruocrn13. Corcon,oea
a / / o6t7aa ucuxoAl{arHocTlIlta.
Kr4 Hapyuenufi celrefinoro o6u1enr.r
M., 1987.
1983'
14, Cm , oaun'B. B' CanaocoaHaHne
'I I Ht I Hocr H'M ',
IS. Q pet t O S. f leqa- {br {M eJ'I aHxo"r na/ / I lcnxo"r or uf f auoquf i'
Terccrr , r .M . , 1984'
L6. @poma 9. I4r'retl :r^tu 6:orrr' M" 1986'
17. Bech A.?. Cognitive therapy and the emotional disorders'
N .Y ., 1 976.
18. Bou,tbyY. The making and breaking of affectional bounds.
L., 197 9.
19 . Br uch' I {. Eat ing disor der s' N'Y', 1973'
2O . Ker nber g O . Bor der line condit ions and pat hological nar
< :i ssi s r n.N. Y. , 1975.
| (];;l

r62

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21. Kernberg O. Severe personality disorders: psychotherapeutic strategies. N.Hav"n and I-ondon, 1984'
22. K oh u t H . T h e re s to ra ti o n o f the sel f ' N ' Y ' , 1977'
23. M ol l o n P .,Pa rry G ' T h e fra g i l e s e l f:narci ssi sti cdi sturbance and protective function of depression l/ British J' of Med'
P s y c hol. 198 4 . V .5 7 .
24. Rutter M. Maternal deprivation: New findings, new
concepts, new approaches / / Child Devel' 1979' 5, 2'
25. Schontz F.C. Body image and its disorders l/ Intern' J'
of P s y c hiat . M e d ' t9 7 4 . V -5 (4 )26. Winnicott D.W. The maturational processes and the
f ac ilit aing e n v i ro n me n t. L ., 1 9 6 5 .
27. W i tk i n H .A . e t a l . P s y c h o l o gi cal di fferenti ai on' N ' Y ' '
t 97 4.

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b oo ks. N- Y, 1970.
Cru. uogpo6ree o6 srotr: Kepner J. Body process: A Gestalt approach to
working with the body in psychotherapy. N-Y' 1987-

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PEKO M EHAYEM AS

JI HTEPATYPA

M'' 1994'
l. ALnep A.VlugurrvtAyarlbuas rcllxorlorufl'
M'' 1988'
rIIoAI4'
2' Bepn 3. I4rprr, B Koropbre-llrpalor
1993'
Z. E i6ep M ' f l'u Tu' M ''
z - -nocropor{Her4
^^^^^
6ee
4. Baqa,aaux I/' Kan craTb HectIacrHbIM
noMorql 4.M. ' 1990'
^'"-^
Kuea' I9g2'
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y 4erefi u rroApocrHeBposoB
6. Slxapoe A.I4'IIeuxorepaflll'n
non. M., 1 982.
1980'
7. Kapaacapcxutu E,\' Henq-oa1'^|I''
1980'
M''
flcr'rxotePauua'
8. Oi ne.
HeBposoB/ flep'c rroJtbcrc'
9. Kean'uncrcu A'IlcuxonaroJrorufi
B apuraaa, 1975.
poreBble l{rpr'I' Ilczxo4pan'ra'
IO. Kunnep !. Knuulhqecxue
K
-",l--occ, 1993.
M '' 1986'
11. Menu6py0c E' f l - Tr r - M u'
JI'' 1960'
HeBposbl'
?r
..
12. Mncu'rriia B'H' Jln'rHoctr'
epaflul't ll Mocw'
'IIonyuL M'n' fl' r'r Tu
13.
-B N
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2'
nclaxorepanesrltqecriufi rr-"r' 1992'
nouoirnoro BeApa' flparua'
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@'
14. Ilepnc
1993.
If' flparctzKyM uo
15. Ilepnt @., XeQQ^epnatr'n P" fy1nan
leurraJlr,T-Tepauun' M', 1994'
-- ^^t
clrrax: Karc crarr co6ctseuL6. Peunyomep lrr..-'-Ero-BBlrrrux
' ', 1992'
nbIM rrcl txor epaneBToM M
rcuxoreparras' M- 1999'
Ipynnonar
l7" Pydecnlon K'
Pel" B'E' Porruos'
18. PyrcoaoAcrBo ro ucrlxorepauuu /l
Taurrcen'r, 1978'
cBor c ceM blo' M '' 1992'
19. Cant upB. Kar i cr por r r b ce6s'u
2o.Cor conoaaE. T. M o''uuq'"LI BocI I pI {f iTI I eBHopM ePl
rrrto,Il ottt u. M . , 1976'
2| .C or c'on, oeaE, T. f lpoer t r uor r bleM eToAbI LI ccJ'I eAoBaHv|gJI UI I {r()orr' I.M. ' 1980'
I{ caMooIIeHKanpu aHoMa"rI[22. CorconoeaE'T'CaNlocoeHaHI4e
r\ i rr{ rl Hocr n. M '' 1989'
npr4 HeBporn23, Corconoao E'T' Oco6enuoctll-caMocoouaHll'ff
M '' 1991'
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,,' .,,,,' t* f"t ur yr 1992'
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nparcruru'r' Mocroscrcufi ncnxorepa[eBrr r | | (:Hxoreptrr"utt*""rcofi
1'
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1994'
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204

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26' conoaosa E.T. K npo6-nerreficr4xorepanun norpaH]rrr'brx
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27. cerur'"q B ncuxoJrorr.r.recnofiH,oHcy,rrE,Tar{uu peg. B.B.
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"rlasop c. flcwxognHaMr{qecrda.fl
ncr4xorepafia.s. Poc. ficuxoaH. accoquaqlra.
1992.
29. Qparurc"z.
B. Ye,roseK B rroptcFiaxcMbrcJrra.
M., 1gg0.
30. Qpud 3. fI u OHo. Tpy4rr pa3Hbrx,rer. T6nnucu, 1991. ts 2 r.
31. Qp o .tv .v3 . l y ru a q e l o Be n a . M.. 1992.
32, Qpom,z 3. A4o,rr{r lur.,rep
rirrr,rHr4rrecnur?
c.nyuaa uen
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pogz
M., 1 9 9 2 .
33. XpecroMarr4.fl_rto,Te.rrecHo
opueHT]rpoBanHorincuxorepa_
rrvrr4vr rrc]rxorexHprrce.M., 1993.
34. LIIepnt.orr1. Porx4eHrrercllxoaHa.rrrrruna. M., 1gg1.
3
p
?, ^3n a.itrtt.I m. floan qu a c,rrvlrare.qrr r c HXoreparen ra. flpar_
ua. 1993.
36. IOna ff. flcraxo.qoruqecnne rrrnbr. NI." 1gg3.
,{orro.rrrure Jrbrra g JrrrTepa ry pa

19 79.

l. Bapn. P. Cerunorprrca.floarr.rrca.M.. 1990.
2. Eoxnttn. M.M. Ocreruna c,rrorrecHorornopvecrna. M..

3. B o c u a rc r @ -.!, fl c n x o J rro ru .aneper{ }rB aH na.M., 192g.
4. Bacu-'txtn Q.E. or ncraxo.rroruqecliorrarpou,trn u. rrcuxoTexHnrrec^or,iTeopnr,r// Mocx. flc'Xorepanenr.nqecxr.rfi"xc ,r. 1gg2,
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rt Borrpocbr ncuxo "'rofHq^ecrioiirc,rr.rur,rn,n
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J,nc
r apr r onz r ?. M., 1 9 9 1 .
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IO. C n.us a.rco6 c K o tr A.C. flpoclrrzJ,raHTLr
F;a Jercn,rrx nenpoaoe. M.,
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12. @eudu.vr"
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- ^^^13.
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ABurareJrr,Hoft cunoft B Ae!'re HpaBcrBeHHocru. 14 cmnoft He roJrF,Fi,o
ylrpeflJrffrorqerl, no ]r FioHTpoJrr{pyrou1efi qyBcrBa r1 nopr,rBbr
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seHxoli }Icu3HI{ nocpeAcrBoM cosHaHLI.EcBepxr,ecrecrBeHHOro
BMeIrrare"'rbcrBa u noMorr{r4" (Tarl.rop D.8., 1ggg. c.46b). ou orrreqaer
'or
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,*a.
c.484). Tanonrre Aocrr,rrarorcJr, B rracrHocrr{, rrpu rroMou{u
uocra,
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C qe,Tbro
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208

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crbro; BTopaff paccMarpl4BaJla ee rcarc nopaxceHr{e o[peAe.ner*roii
npoxoAs
ctpyrcTypbl. 3to nporuBoflocraBJleHr{e'
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rrepeg Bcro l{cropl4lo MeAI,IquHbI' oupeAeJlffer co6oro u xapanTeF
o6r'scHenraff npl,rquHHo-cJ'IeAcrBeHHrtx cs.ffseli' flepnoe HarlpaB,rle
6o,resHeli yaII'trF,IBarL
npfiqvlr
s o6rscHeuvlv
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vIIl AvrBIlEy a"lbHocr b q e"'roBeKa'
Hen oBTopuM yro n cuxo,'roruqecKyro
ce6s u B nopo)rcAeHun 6onesHeunF,rx cl4l\{r'ro
o6uapyrrr.rnarculyrc
lr on. Brop oe orpaH I,IquBaer c,ff T orl,rdo,rorlrrcofi aHa.rlr'I3a c o6 crBen uo
6uo,roru.recKoro, opraHvgMeHHoro ypoBH.g u He Aonycxaer ncrlxo
J'IOrHrrecrdr/rxHHTepIlpeTaqI,rfi. Tartr.rnno6paaou' ncplxocoMatpl.recnnfi
dreuonteH B I{crLtHHoM cMF,Ic,'rec,'IoBa noJ'Iflaer npaBo Ha cyqecrBo
BaHI{e ToJ'IbKOB ,'IolUKe nepBofo HanpaBJ'IeHI4fl.
MHoro BenoB HaBaA ilcnxocoMarurrecna,tr npo
flocras,leuuafl
6,teua B MeAnqrrue o6pena caofi uay.111lrri craryc orHoct{Te.rl},Ho
BosHrtrd.rlo n 1818 r"
HeAaBHo. Caruo .noHffTlle "ncuxocoMarrrxa"
(Heinroth),
a s 1828, r. BnepBr'Ie 6tr,ro rlcuoJ'lL3oBaHO Apvroe,
(.Iakobi). I[o,1,rtaHuo uayv
poAc'rBeHHoe rroH.nrl,Ie coMaroncnxrrr;il
Hoe polrcAenue npo6neMa no"Iyr{H,'Ia B ncuxo&Ha,ru3e' s oco6esucr
crr4i B ero 6o,ree noBAHr{x uo4utfrux,aqnax.
MegNIlr,rua, oAHaKo, opt{eHTHpoBaHa Ha Iro}tcri [cI4xocoMarn
qecnr{x cs.ffeefi B rraroJloruu.
B to }rce BpeMff [cttxocoMarllrlecFiaff
ToJlbrco r{ccJTeAoBareJILcKrrM
(pexoveno,'rorrrfl
He orpaHurrnBaercff
[oJIeM MeArrIII4HbI, Ho, Karl' MbI orMeqaJ'II4 paHee, r,ry6orco yxo4l4T
cBor{MH KOpHflMIlt e O6r'I4enHyIO }+Cr{3H[,, KOTopa.f{ Qr4rcCnpye'r gne
cropoHbl npoqecca ncuxocoMarl,ItrecKHx otsoureHtlfi ; a) ncraxuuetr
Koe cocro.fiHlle Molxer BL,I3[,IBarb u3MeHeHtrg re,'IecHbIX $yur;qzli ;
qe!'IoBexa Moryr oKaablBarr, BJtllflHr{e Ha
6) re,recnrre
Synrcquu
rreJ'IoBeKa.
Ha KoHr{,perHblx npr{
Pacclrorpnu
cocro.fi
Hrre
AylrreBHoe
Mepax, B rIeM cocTollT oTo "ABycTopoHHee B,'III.fiHUe".
(1982.
Ilpumep neprbttt. A.M.Crngou-( B KHI4re "Ilenposut"
C.48 49) orrHcr,rBaer c,rlyqav ua6,'rro4anruuxcff BparraNttt Heoxtu
AaHHbIx cnaeprerl y naqpreHToB B ycJIoBI,Iflx BHesaflHoi.i ncnxn'recn,ofi
Ha6,'rroga,'I rIol+ctl"rIoro tIeJ'tolteFia, n,oroptrfi
TpaBMr,r. Tax,, Arieti
HeoAHoKparHo 3affB,'IgJ'I,rrro oH yMper, ec.rru yrlaler (rrirpa,ff 6aruns.
Korga Bo BpeMfl rpoabl s 6amHlo nona,'Ia Mo,IIHr{fl, H oHa pyxHy,'Ia,
qe,rroBen, yMep. Klumbies
(1977) na6,rrogan Mo"'IoAyIo )rdeHUIrIHy,
Heo.xHoKparno o6parqaaruyrocfl K Bpatly no noBoily 6o,rearru cepAlla
"Bau Herlero 6osrr,c.s no
r4 rrry'rff cliaaa,'r MHrtre,'I],Hori naqrlen'rne:
noBoAy Barrrero cepAl{a, paHbtlle MeHfl BLI BCe paBrro [Ie yMpeTe, r'I.nr;I
:iKe yMpeM, TaK BMecre". Kor4a Ha c,'IeAylotqufi 4eHr, Bpaq BHeBanHo
yMep, 6o;rlna,R, HecMorpfl Ha Bce nprrHflTLre re.re6urte MepL.I, Bcriope
noc,{e sroro ran}rce yMepJ'Ia. Ctpax r{ g?}{gBHyureHlre B orrrx c,'ryqaffx
npfiBe,rrn ri cMepTn MHnTe"'IbHbIx [aq?IeHToB, He rTMeBrrrr4xopfaHlltrIecKHX npelnocllr'IOK AJI.fIsToro'
ant.opott. B..(.Tono.uttlacrclzfr n M.B.CrpyrioBcltatr
IIpLtnep
(l 986) npnBoAffT MHoroquc,'IeHHbIe onHcaHuff Tpy.1Htrx 6o,tr'utrx,
Bc.rI i+rrr3Hb KoropF,Ix noAqI,IHeHa ttot{crty npa.IetZ, Koropr,Ie 6rt gr,r

2()!)

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y HI{x npr{BHaKoB .ssHofi
Te.irbc'ray, Ho n oHo ne o6aapymuBaer
coMarutrecnoi.r naro,rorrau. .)Ita,ro6bl arllx 6o,rrxr'rx o6u,rrnrr, npoTHBOpeqLIBbI, B TO )rce BpeMff HX He yAaeTc.fi O6len,rr,rsuarpoBaTb.
"I{e,rr,re fiefuoHbl 6orsuux,
- orMeqarcT aBTopbI, - c ncnxoreHHbI M 14 pL'ILr rr pefi M yU,(eCTBeHH O rrcll XOf eH H bI MI,I COMaTI{II eCICUMr{ HapaBJIItqHoro
pyrxeHr4.fiMlr B crpynrvpe
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felte3a Oria3L'IBatOTCfl B I'ITOre Ha HenTpa,IIbHOI'I nO,'IOCe He nO,1Iyqaff Ao.trr*(Hoii epave6Horl nontoulrn Hr{ or nc?Ixnarpa, HI4' or HHTep
(Tarr rxe. C. 6). flplrvunor.i
nogo6nr,rx HerroH.ETHr,Ix A,'rf,l
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npaveli rr r.rlrocrHr,Ix A,.'r.flnaqr{eHToB coc'rosut.lfi aBTopbr cqI,ITaIor
cy64enpeccplBH[,re il Aenpeccl{BHbre cocroffHrtfl, HaxoAgll{ne cBoe
Te"rrecHoeBr,Ipa)fteHl{e ( coMarl4r{ecKylo Macr(y ) B MHofoquc,'TeHHLIX
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cnu ) o6c,reAyercff B oHtto.rlofflqecrtoM ctrrllrroHape. Bc.ne4ctnr.re xa
.rirrHo crH ne pc oHu. Ta B ee py KH c , r y uat iuo n o n u J , a e r e e c o 6 e r s e u H a " B
pac c M a r p l {B a e r
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iKHBaer v ce6.s annoti, orqer.[uBo nn4uvofi Ha HHX orryxo,'Iu. Crpax
o6Hapyrxenfiff
Iraro,'Iorr{r{ B AaHHoM c.lryqae nc14xoJIof fiqeclrl{
3au-Irrrr{n 6o.,rrnyrc or qpe3MepHo rpaBMr{ pyrorqer:r lrudropruaqur.r.
IItrrtr.v.ep u.e.n.eepnt.ut.[t.Mnoro Jrer Ha3aA aB'ropy ETux crpo]t
JoBe"locL, (nlrecre c 6o.nee ou[,ITHr,rMLr rrcl4xoJlofaMu u epavauu)
uaS,rro4arr 6o.trHoro, rrorep.EBrrrefo cnyx B paHHeM AercrBe, Ho c
noMorqL,rc NrarepH ycneurHo KoMneHcl{poBaBlrrefo 4edrerir. On o6yqLr.rrcrrrponanori pequ, ycnelrHo oKoHtItLT cpeAHroro ruKo,ry, no"Tyrru,'I
Br,rc[Iee o6pasonauue B oAHoM !I3 oJurapHLIX TexHI{rrecKI{x By3oB,
Hil|{lIr'ICI{ TaHIIeBaTb' I4rpaTb Ha My3blKaJIL'HoM I{HCTpyMeHTe I4
Aa;+;e no.nyqfl,'r BoArrreJr,clir4e npaBa. B re.rexue Bcero ororo BpeMe
rlrl eNly vJaBir.lrocb ycneIIIHo pr:pr,IBaT[' cBoro f,'IyxoTy, r{ TO,{t'Ko
qpe3Meprro Br,Iconr{e nporlreccraona.'rr,Hble nprrr.a3aHlrfl [ocraBI4,'ILI
[arI]IeHTa B CnTyarlHro, no3Bo",'I]rBlrryro BpaqaNI 3anoIoSprtTF, Ha"IIu
C;regonare;rr,Ho, c$opulrpoBaHHafl opHeHTaI{uJr Ha
vrle ge{rercra.
caNroaFiTya.IILr3ar{LIrc "'IBrt,'IacL NIOIIIHbINI CTr{My,'IOM
nonHorIeHHyro
vc u e ru Holi x ov neHca ut,tu rfl.ran,tecxoro .1erfcr.ra.
@ptgn.tect:lte r{ IyueBHF,Ie crpa,{aHl{ff Tflx{e.rlo 6olr'gr,rx ,rro
eHHF,Ie
BbI3BalIHbIe
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"pyAHocrrt,
cn paBlirl'cff c HrrM14,
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NrHOfOFipaTrro cTaHoBI{.nlrcr' npeAMeToM xy:{oiltecTBeHHoro aHa "'Irl3a.
K.tIaccuqecnI{M uporr3BeAeHueM no4o6uoro rltfla fl B"IIflercff rroBecrL'
"Crtreprr trInasa I4nruqa" (To.'rc'rorl JI.H., 1982. T.
I.I{.To.ncroro
HarIil.Ilo 6o,treaHn cBoero
12). Bor liar; orrncrrsae'r JI.II.To,rcrofi
lepo.E: "... Ile,rosF:ocrl ara c'ra,-Ia yBe.IIHtIHBarbcn u nepexoAr{TL, He
e 6o"trl eule, Ho B co3H:rHrre rfl*iecrrr uocrosrrnoli n 6ony rr B AypHoe
pacnoJor+ieHr{e .tr}rxa. lypHoe pacno.noxteHrre .1yxa aro, Bce ycvtJru

21t)

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Baflcb u ycvtJrvea"Ecb, cra,'Io noprl,ITb ycraHoBrrBrr.ryrcc.rr 6ur.rro ...
rrpr4.ETHocrb.rrernofi Ir npu,'rrrrrHoii xcnanra..." (C.76). Ijo,cr, "n cBn:Jr{
c HeflcHsII\{pI perraM14 Aoriropa no"'Iyrlana Apyroe, 6o,ree cep},eilHoe
3HaaIeHIte (C.79). "... r{ro ro crparrrHoe, HoBoe rr rar:oc 3rr&{r,rr€.irtr
HOe, qero 3HaqHTe.rrt Hee Hrrrdorj:ta B )+cr{3HI,I ne 6tt,:to c tr4nanor,r
I4ntrv_otrt, coBeprla.locb B HeM
tr4 ga.ree: "LI os ojlltr ilH.l.,r rrl)o
aro... tr{sau I4ntu'r ocraerc.rl oAptH c coilHaHr{eM Toto, 111i_y
,i.itl}Hi,
orpaBr'IeHa A,IIff Hero... LI txu,ts ran Ha riparc nofr46e,rn rra;o 5sr.'ro
oAHoMy, 6ea e4Nrroro qeJIoBeKa, notopr,rrl 6tr non.q,r r{ ro;Kajt€:,rret.u

(c.81-82).

Salre.ra.s I,f3MeHeHl{.rr co6crnenxofi. m.ua:au, ee ilepeJ'loNr, Bj}r
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't()r'o H"'Ipr rrHoro sa6o,'IeeaHu,fl, aITo no3BoJ,r.Eer
4o6urr,ca do.,Is11repi
:rrlrrlrenrunrrocru FiaFi B n3ytreHuH arrro,rlorun r4 narofeHe3a
3a6oJIe
r'*rHfi, TaFi u B opraHz3aqHn ,'IeqeHl4.flU npootr,rIaKTI4KH
6O,reaxetl.
vrcaarrsa.E ua ueo6xo4r.IMocrb qeJocr'ofo
no'xoAa x 6o.rrrrro
rrav, @.B.BaccI,rH orMeqaer, qro 6o,,IeeHr ,.alr, .,poqecc 3aBrlcr{T
He
't'()-rrl,KooT BHefIIHlr_I:.Jro u ot nHyr:peiur,rx, cy6.reKTHBHr,rX
ro*"r,
'foB' or ,Irr4rrHocrrr 60,rruoro, or ero
at"p"ir.rsarielfi
( 1971). rro r'rn-enuro aBTopa,
"ror1rono.oo""t"
BpeMeHn rreAocrarorr'O
Ao Hacro.au{ero
-ero
lubr'rlcHeH "Bec ncHxo,rorr.r.recxoro
$an,ropa,
{ryHnrlr{oHa,rrbHarr
Moult , o6teu cABI{roB, Koropble oli nrorx", o6v",ros-{uearb
riari B
ornorrreHnrr npffMoro. TaFi I4 o6parHoro pa3rluTr,lff 6o,resrreri.
II;rs
rrac flpeAcraBrfler
r4HTepec npeAnono){ienue e.}J.Eiiccu}Iit
o
roM,
rrro yler'rr,x!rr? "aec nclrxor,rofErrecH,oro
_
.r"o
{rar;,ropa.
oeHHo rennn_P Qagq_U+-y-aJl.a
"o"*nrrrra,r,
OgJreeHn.r4ybrraaer ro Mepe
yr,ry6,renua
ilaooJr@B&rrHff. tla vMeHLIIreHlre sHaqeHlrfl peaFiqnH ,rl.t.rHocrt4
6o,rl,_
Ho ro n o Mepe paoBrr rua
aH H.ff yna3 6rBa ro r rarix{e .fl . II. cDpyu
1a^6919n
riuH rr I,I.A.MuapyxuH
(1920)
o sal*Hocr,
H3yqe'n.rr cy6r'er.rr.rnHori croponr,r aaboresaHvR
rnca,r s 1944 r. P-.{rJlyplr.rr, npoAo-rr)+ca.rrpaaBr/rrue r.r4efi
I.o,rrg
"

g*{gp u ( I I 2 6) o6 ayron,rqcr nq eerrqt- napsq_us"ge!-J.-"ip*e.Hlr.,n5l.
P.A. JIypraa y*a.r,rBa.rr,rrro x oporxe" ur,
ilp&;sa
Hr4r-r
"" xre".--ilu'o6,
u lrSMeHeHI{rl xapan,repa 60,rr'Horo rali
Ba*cHo J,iI8 nocr€rHoBtiH

AlrarHo3a, r-,arc il pesyJrbrarbl o6,r,exruaHoro IrccJleifoBaHH.E er.o 6o
'[e3Hr'1' ou or\ae'Ia,T TaK)rce, qro ycnexu MeAr{rII{HC}iOr?rexguxn
ne
I{CrCJIIOqaIor }r He 3aI\IeHffIOT }lCC.rIeAOBaHpr.E,'IHrrHocrtt
60,rlnoro.
Ilogpj6noe ,' Me.roAuqecKoe r{3yqeune rxa.ro6 6o,rr'oro, .ro
*rr*rr".
P.A.JIypua,
orHIoIb He .rIBJr.Eerc.EBMrrnpr{rrecxlrNr NreroIoM" n Bce
ooJrbllre u bonblrre rroJlrrae.T cTporo HariHoe o6ocuonaaue,
I{r{rryTr, rre
MeHL[ree, qetlr NreToAbree o6:rer:Tr.rsHoro H3\,4reHua (p.A.,IIypu",'Lg77).
-6o.ou.
r{ayueHr're cy6r'ercrranHoli rcaprlrHrr 6o,res'H u""
orrro
craHoBr4Tc"EI{eHTpaJILH6IM BBeHoM B aHaJIr'3e,rrt.rsocrHorl
npo6.rre
Marl{K14 6o.rrtHoro. Qy''!te.n1n_pHA,S-h-H-yrperrJrs.s)..$apTzna
-"'"uru"iuu6o,re:jHH
(BKB) HarrHHaer Bbrcr)anarr,ncc.Irer{irnoru""ri
_AJI.rr..
yr"
cr'eF:.Jra, rlo3Bo,t.fiIou{ero BarJr.rHyrr, Bo ruyrpeunlrr?
"Ir4qItreJ'ILHoro
vr,rp 6orrsuoro. O6parfiNrcff
Jrr{Teparype u paccMorpr{M r;pvl
ocHor'yx^ BorrpocoB, noroplrr?_lio6cyxr4aerca s rreri e ca.ffifi
,rpoO
"
"revorl BKB.
flocrio;runy
B noc.rreJHue roAbr no.EBuJ,rc.qqe.nrrri p.rrg pa6or,
ocB.eillarcuInx MeArrKo_rclrxo.rrorr4rrecn,ne acneKTbr BKB (KoHev
H u r i , E o y xa .u , 1 9 8 2 ; Ksa ce u r ;o . By6 a p e n , l g SO; Ita p so "o p "u ,";.

,) | t

Vnt:ntt' I l

lllg.aq

1980; CluupHoe, PeaHnKoBa, 1983; Lipowski, 1983; Taur,rrrrcor,
1984; A pnu a , T x o c ro B , 1 9 9 1 ; T x o c r os, 1991; n A pyrue), Mbr
ocTalroBlrMcff

JII{ Ir r b Ha T e x Bo IIp o ca x,

KoTopbl e

B a)K H bI B K oH TeK cTe

;1nnnorl pa6orrr.
Cpaay )rce orMerrrM, rrro rpaAurllroHHoe paBAeJIeHI{eacrrercToB
n{:c.ne11oBaHlr.flHa coMaro- t4 rrcuxoreHHoe B,rlrrffHrle 6o,reenlr npe4c"raBJr.flercflAocrarotlHo ycr'roBublM, TaK tcax orreBnAHo, vro noageficrtrre coNrarr4qecFirrx BpeAHocreri, 6o.neenld Ha rrcl{xnqecxyrc c+epy
n 3rraqn'rer'rlnori crenerrt
zaBvrcvtr or nper'lop6lrAHr,Ix qepr ,'u4vHoorr{ i cr H J'r"r{n oB eAeHv a, c,rlo}}crrBrrreroc"a Ao 6o,'resntr. fler.rxo.noru.r eciilre drarlropbr pncria, rrpr{BeAlrrlae K pasBr-rrrrrc sa6o,'resaHr.I.ff, He
lrorre3ilroT rrocJfreHaqa"Ia bo"'Ie3HeHHoro npoqecca, a npoAorrl)lcaloT
"pa6orarr,"
B rroBbrx yc,rroBu.ax. JIlr.rHocrna,fr pearcr-I,Ilfl Ha Ba6o,rreBa,
rrrle. npHcflr:co6,reHne ri 6oIeeHLI 3a crleT cJ'IoE{IlBtuHxCJ{B TerIeHITe
.du4;IrH cnor:o6os npeoAor'reHv.a BnJrorHyrc noABoA.rIT prccJ'reAoBareJl.rl
r; rrpo6.trenilNr rrcrdxoJ'Ioru.recnotl pea6u,ruraqult
B coMarr,r.recrcort
f;. tHH !1 t;o "

cy6.rex,rr,rsHorl cropoHF,r sa6o,'resaHr,rs 6r,r,r
f{"nn nayvsxun
urr{-,(r'u.L1c,..rrriip"E.I TepM}rHots, cpeAu Koropr,rx
uepe}rcr{Banrae 6o,
" (ITTer a. nen, 1936; Kona, r en, 19 7 4 ) , " c o 3 H a H r d e
.,r(,.rirrr
6o,reanu",
()TlrorrreHr4e i' 6o.reaun" (Pox,ruH,
1972), "coMarorre3ornoarr.E"
{ItnaceHno, 3y6apen, 1980) rr Apyrr4e. Ana,rus non.srufinoro anra
pa'rr.r6r,r.r upoBeAeH HaMlr paHee (Hnrconaena, 1987). BrrJro norcaaarro, rrrc, riil;rd;loe u3 arprx noHgtnfi BbIAeJIffer oAHy tcatc)'Io-To cropoHy
'rilr.:oro c.roxiHoro .ffBJIeHr,rfl, rcarc cy6rercTrrBHa,E peaxrllrt,E Ha 60.'reilHb. IIanSo.ree nor'rHo orpalcarcqfiM
peaJ'rluocrb, tcatc Mr,I uoJla,
fileNr. rlB-lrlerl.rr noH.rrrr.e ".DlryrpeHH,fl,fl Kapruna 6o,reeHr,r" (BKB).
llox I3ICI] P.A. Jlvpua roHuMaJr "Bce ro, rrro Hcrr,rrbrBaer, nepelxr4uil ur' Oo.rrluori ", ucxr Maccy ero oulyule:r.fifr.... o6u1ee caMorryBcrBrre,
calrorra6.'Ix;AeHr4e, efo npeAcraBr'IeHl{.fi o cnoer? 6oaeaHn, ee rtpl4t{u-- Bec[, .r]or orpoMHrttl nanp 6o.nrnoro, xotopur? cocrolrr I{B
lilx...
Becr,Nra (:.qox{HF,rx coqerarrnfi Bocnprr,ETI,Ia }r oulyu{eHua,
sntoquli,
a{rrlrenton,
nonr}r.rrr.rn,roB, ncr4xrrqec}irax neperxr,rsaHrrli tI TpaBM"
(P.A..Jlyp u s, 197 7 . C. 38) .
B paun,ax li,Jrr{HrrqecKoro noAXoAa aHar'rrr3 BKB npoaoAr{Tc.ff
B 'repNirr{Hax frcHxonaToJrornu. flpr.r sToM Ha,rruque Ailvr oTcyTcTBI4e
r{ cl'c.rreHL, Br,rpa*(eHHocTH OTAe,rIbHbIXnCr{XHqeCKItX HapyilIeHI4Il
rrB.rrJrerc.fl ocHoBHbrM KplrreppreM xna,rra0urt,aquu
BKB. Har.r6o,ree
.racro o6cylxAarorc.fr rarrue Bonpocbr KaK: TrrnoJ'rorI,IJ{peaKIIuft Ha
6o.qegnr, {raxropsr, B,'ru,EroilIue Ha SopruupoBaHr{e arr,rx pearcqr.rrl,
nx AHHaMr4F"aB rrpoqecce J'IerIeHLLE.
Bogluev
B rl'aq ecrBe nprrMepa x.traccurlrr.rxar{r{ro JrlurrHocrHbrx
peaxrlnii na nH<fapxr MHoKapAar npeJJrrolrceHHyro3afiqepprna B.fI.
Anrop Br,rAexffer: aAenBarHbrfi (nonurxenHbrfi, c a,remenraur,r auo:io r'uo :lHn: cpe. lHnli; [ oBblur eHur , r f i , c o J 'r e M e H T a M Hu n o x o H 4 p l r u ) ;
TpeBoifiHo AenpecclrBHrni ; rcap4uo$o6uuecxnfi ; nnoxon4prlvecrcr.rli ;
:lrro:rolno3r,r-recr'lrtl; Hcreprrqecliplli
THrrbr peaxqI{r?. Klr.rHlrrco-

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1

lllr'l:l)HMI4I{arrlBHl,IMrt ri,prrrepl{'flMrl orHeceHI4.EpeaKr{utl K aAer{Baril.il ilTTHJTI4CL
CT'IeAyIOtqr{enpllsHaKr,t: a) nonegenr.re 60arnoro rr BKB
,.r)'r'rr("fcrBylor I{MeIOUIerlCn y 60,rrnoro znfropuarlrarr
o rffxcecrl{
rrrrrfrrr;rr;TaMr{o*apAa, ero Bo'Mo)+cHsrx uoc,reficr,,uir; 6)
6ou,noii
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Bpaqa; n) 60,rrHofi B COCTO,EHITI4
'{rtr''Ill()ll1le'f
I r'il'r'l)oJTr'JpoBarbcRoI{ 3MOIIAI4. 3afiI{ea B.fI. ornreqaer qacrory
,^ rr'rHr,rx pearcqnrl na 6o,resHr B. noAocrpoM [epr{oAe uH$aprcta
1 ro,q aBTop o[peAe,,IJ{er rrcktxld_
^rr()lirrJ)Aa. Cnycra 6 ruecnqen 'r( r'r ()(' cocro.rlHrre 60nrHr,rx riaFi HopMa,-:IbHyIoflcl4xurrecKyro peaAa| | | rf | (rf r() Koropa.fi MoF(er 6rrrr ycneur .f.oft unu yAoB,'IerBopurelrnort
'
t r 1r,r,(().lxraro ureric.s), fi ncn xu qecnylo Je3a.larrraqulo ( nerpour,r,'a
r | | | ( ) t '1 4 ,te cKo ep a BBu Tr 4 e ,'r r {r r H o cTr {)( 3 a fi q e n B. II., 1 g 7 b ) . I Ipe4,raraercfl oIIeHtr Barb BLIpa)+ceHHocrb nclo xonaroJ'Ior14rrecI n\ {'r4rrApoMoB Ha paBHbIx orarlax nn$apxta
Mr{orcapAa s 6a,,Ltax,
I i | 'ril'!r()c'.rBeHHO
rr3Mep.flTl sMOI{t4oHaJILHbIe cocro.flHrrfi 60.rrrnr,rx (Arba_
, i r ( 'r , ( . n l I .B., Ea r a e r E.fI., Bo p r a co n H .B., 1 g g 6 ; p h i l i p A,,l Sg i l ]
rlro nacaerc'
aAeKBarHbIx pea.r{zri u, 6o,reanr B *.Jr,Hrrrce
rr.rrrlr:rpt;TaMItoKapAa' To ecrb MHeHHe! qro HX Tr{rroJlol.t.,,
urr4pe.
| | 1rr',qlro.naraercff rrro MeroArrqec*u npaBn"{b}ree roBop'Tr,
noo6irle
'
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I{ aAeKBarHLrx pealtl{Hnx Ha 6oaeaur, a o
ilil'r'(l.'|r
o|I{qeclcrrx (c ncHxorraroJrottt.recr;ofi cnMnroMarvn,ort) z
He,
,rr'r'..rrofr{qecrtr,rx(n paMKaX rrcl4xI{qecKoro 3AOpOBbA). Brr4eaarorca
rlrn rtirpkraHra pearcqzfi na 6o.neanr B paMrcax rtcuxfiqecrcoro
3Aor''r1,il' Koropble pa3JILIqaIOTC.EIIO CTerreHI4 aAanraltrI{r4 60,trnrtx,
r,r.,rrr:'ryaJu4BarIuu ncuxorpaBmr,rpyroulerl
ryar{uu,
ffpra arou
lr|il,ilr,Je, AeMoHcTprlpyrcque
"aAeKBaTHyro ,crr
peaxllulo, Taxlrde Hy_
r,,r,^r{)'r'c"EB ncrrxorepaneBTprqec*ofi uovorqz (Moposor
B. IzI., 1 g g3).
o'reHF' sa*cHofi rrpeAcraBJl.fierc.E MbrcJIb, B'IcKaBaHHaa a pa6or r . l l , n n n ,r r r co M .A.
n co a BT. ( 1 g 8 1 ) : ca M o o r 'e ce H r {e SIi S r c
r r,r'ritt,lrHofi .fIBrl.Eerc.a AuclcyccllroHHbrM, flocrdo,'IbFiy
[paBrJ'rbHoe
,r)rlrN'rilHr{e cylrrHocrl
LI repcleKTfis
ea60,1eBaHI4.E(OCO6eUno n
r'ulliloM neprloAe )r{Lr3HI{i B CJryr{ae Heo}KuAaHHOCIU
'il
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rr'rrurHrr - perrb r4Aer o 60,rr,nrrx xpoHr4rlecKori uo-re.raofi
nerocrar , , 'r r ( ) ( 'T b r o , q a cr o n p r r Bo Aa r r c cr p e ccy.
C a r u o co g e p r xa n p r e BKB
rrr),r.,'r' crarr, Hcror{HItKoM ncuxoreHHbtx pacctpoficrn
(I{r,rwr,rrrco
l l , \ . , l t o pn n n a M .B., I{n n n ,r r xo B.C . u
4 p y"r l ., 1 g g 1 ) .
I IeognoanavHo onpeAeJreHprepeaKrl rrvr Ha 6o,reaHr Kard aHo'o
| ,..rrr.. nocKo"'rbliy [puquHbr .rax,oI? peaKllr{u Mofyr 6rrrr pas,rr,rv_
r r,rNrlr. AHosorHoeu.rl B rirrrHulde coMarnqecrcr,rx aa60,1"t^"td
MOlKer
rrr.r'r'r, (:I],rI3aHa c r.flxcecrblo cocroff HI,Ifl tr,IrroKcraefi
l\,rogra; npeAcra,
,
r r'rr"r' r:o6011 droprury BbrrecHeHr,rfl HenepeHocr,rrror?
znsopiaarlulr;
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*oro_
$lr,rocosr,rro,
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'r.ilil('lrnfl Bcero roro, paAI{ qefo croI4IT )+CI{T';
aa $aca40u aHoS.rrto('
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( Eap. r ac T. B. , Lf lar enr ur er iu A. A. , lgg7; 'Kosar es
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i 4. , Cr pyr or cr caa M . B. , f O 'SO y-

2t7

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II

Bo,rr,ntoe q uc,'ro pa6or rrocB .nuleH o r{cc JreAoBaHI{ rc ALIHaM r4Krr
ncwxl4trecH,lrx peax,quii Ha 6o.rreanl no Mepe rerreHrrs sa6o.,'rerauua.
B onnonorrl.recnoii
Fr"rrrrHr4Fie
{lasa norpnceHllff, Aenpeccxfi nocr'Ie
coo 6u len nn nauHeHTV J , t { af HoJ a c y e H . f l e r c n a H o 3 o t 'H o 3 r 4 , r e c n o r i p e
axrlueri, r:,oropyrc aBTopL,r vcJroBHo o6tscHgrot ncxalxeu?reru BKB.
Boesnrtaror qyBcrBa BrrHbr, co6crBelrHori neno-uHor{eHHocrr4, o6perreHHocrrr. 3a'rev itocreneHHo rrpoucxoArrr ailanrarII4.g H, nogoli
)lcrr3Hrl (fepacnnreuno
B.H,, Nlapn,ron 8.8.,
AprrcrreHri,o IO.B.,
Map z.ro na T. I O . , 1978) . f { lr nu, r ux o M . A . c c o a B r . , x a p a x r e p u a y r r
BKB 6o.nrnbrx xpoHuqecr:ofi no.reqnor? HeAocraroqnocrr,ro B noBAHfix craAI,LEx 6o;reaHr.r c Ecllo,TbiloBilrruer\{ r.eMoArra,'ru3a, BF,rAe.rr.fler
"6egHyro" BKB c HeAoorleHriori rs:xecru cocro,EHrl.q, rAe 6o,Tbriloii
Bec I4MeroT .qHrrHOcTHl,IearepTF,r,Bo3pacT, cnTyallu.s "lretreHl{Jl;aJ{er;Baraylo BKB; BHE c nepeoqeHnoii rs:,xecrr,r. B aroli pa6ore uox,asaHa .1ttHaMr{na BK5: "5e4H:rx" BF,B orrre.ra,'racF,B neprroA ocosuaHnff
cocro.flHrr.fi 6o,reeHLr n r'pLr ue6,raronpr.rgtgorl
Ar{HaMune aa6o,Teea
Hrr.f , nppt yJryrrlreutrn cocror{Hr{.fr i)Tol rr{rr BKB clrensJlcfl aAeKBarnorl BKB u;rn BKB c lrepeoqeHr:oi.i r.s>xecrrr cocroflHprn (I{unu"uurto
M.A., ICopr c r lHa M . 8. , I { z nu. r r no
I J . C . u A p y r u e , 1 9 8 1 ) . t r {a y u e u a
AI,IIraMrrfi,ancux ottaroJof r4rrecnux cI4HApoM oB y 6o.rrsHsrx r{r4ppoaoM
neqenr{ Ao H nocire npoBeAeHr4.rr feNrocop6rlnr.r (KopnlrHa M.B.,
Jlo nyxu H I O . M . , M o, r o4eur ios M . H. u A p y r u e , 1 9 8 1 ) .
B sapy6e xHorl nureparype Mbr ralix{e HaxoAnM uHoroo6paaue
TepMI4rIoB, r, l;oropr,lx ofl Hcr,rBaerca cy6,rerirl,IBHag cropoHa 6o,res
nu. Tax, Hcrroirr,By.s n KaqecrBe ocHoBHoro nonfll'ue
ayrorrJa
crl{trecrian H,ap'rr.Ha 6o,reaxn", P.Itone.rnslii
u M.Boy>:a"rr (1982)
npejl.naraor c,-reAyrorqyio r:.,raccu{x{H.arlurc ee rurroB:
a) Hoprrra,'rbrraa (coornercrByer
o6ter;'runuoMy
cocrorrHrrK)
()0,1bHoI'oJ;
6) npeue6pe*cnre,rblraa (HegooqeHH,a r.ax{ecru 6o,reanra);
e) orpnqarorqafi (urHopupoBaHr4e rfrax,ra 6o,reaua);
r) uoaodro6rraa (lrlree'r l,recro rroHr{NIaHHe roro, rrro onaceHr{.rl
npeyBe.nut{eHbr, Ho rlpeoiTo-.terb cBor4x onacerrufi 6o.ttHofi ue trto;xer);
4) uuoxoH;qpl{qecrias (norpyrxeHrre, }ixoJ n 6o.rreaur,);
e) Hoao{rurr,rra.q ( 6o.rrluofi nolytliler yAoB,rrerBopeHne o r' r'or.o,
.rro 6o;regnr, ocso6onc.raer ero or o6fi3agr{ocreri):
;x) yru,nurapHa.E (no"try.reHlte nsnecruoii BLIrolbr or 6o;resHr4
Nrareplta:rr,ttoil u:ru rrropn.rr,nori).
Srlr rxe aBTopbr (1982) orMerraror! rrro BHVTpeHrr.rr.rr
rtaprr{Ha
6orreania ilaBllctrr or Birrr.rrrrH.Epnrla rlar:r<ipor:
a) xapan'repa fio.rreaHu (ocrpnx H.uH xpoHurrecr,a.E 6o,resHr,,
Ha.'rurrrre n"[r, orcyrcrBpre 6o,rer1, HocNrerllqecl;lrx gedteritou r.r r. g.);
6) o6cto,nre.rrl,crBr B lioropl,rx nporenaer 6o,reaHr (noan,reuue
HoBbIX npo6.{elr B ceMbe, n npot}recclioHa.rrrnori Ae.rlTe.trbHocrrr, B
6,rilxiartrneM corlr{alrbHoM oFipyxreauu n r. tr. );
(a4ecr, B qacrrrocrr{, craBtrrc.rr
n) upeuop6nguoii
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or xapanTepa n npolHoaa sa6o,resaHufl. Bu4enaet BoceMl rrrnoB:
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cropoHr,r aa6o,resaHuff coAeplrcl4rcn a pa6orax Lipowski Z. (1983).
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TpeBora u Aefipeccta.E

tlllxlaqa6a" 4.K., Aponon A.M., Bafiqean.n., f gZAt Eaiestvoni
\ ., l.oprior_e
V.,
-L9!t^i^{r_etal., 19gZ; LevensonJ.,'H"r"., R.,
iirl'r'r'nran

J. et ol 1986/87), fiputreM TpeBoxHr,re pea*r{Hrd npeo6rrr,lrrl()TB nepuoA rocrrkrrarrlrr3aql'Il4' a
AenpeccuB'ble BoBr I rr| | | ro'rr,ff 40ltori, uro o6yc,roaJleHo crpaxoM noBTOpHOTO''oc!'re
[pr4c'yua ,
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, r r '( ) M e A l r r l r r H c* o r o u a 6 ,r r o 4 e u u a ( H a cke tt T., C a sse m
N ., 1 9 Zg ;
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M., 1982). ,{enpeccuaHbre peartrgrra, orMeqaBrrrtrec,E Ha
I r'rfilo
coxpaHfl"lr{cb rrepes ro4y 70%, 60nrHrrx
"'reqeHlr'E B Kr'rlrHr,r_ri,e,
( i i t r . r 'n M ., Pa sca l e L ., L o o n e J., f SZOt.
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ocJ,IolKHeHIlt.EM,Haflpu_
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f,if.f ('.rrAe,rlr4pnit, npuu:zlaori rcor:oporo cq?IJaror ceHcopuyro
AenpplBa_
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Tepnperrrpyrorc'E B paMKaX ncuxoaHa!'ruruq ecnorl
Teopvu : naqlreHT
oruocptrc.E K AoKTopy b"qry_ryorr{y, F"oropr,rr? xe
Nlo*cer r,ra6aBr{Tb ero
o r crpa AaHnr i ( Clam or r d W . . lg70) .
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nor:aaa,ro,
u'ro y 1/3 nporlcxoArrr cuoHTaHlraff peAyKr{rl.a
ncrx,nr{ec.or., Harrpffrxeur.rl nocJle rrepeBola a o6u1ym na.Ilary,
crarrrcrrrrlectcpr Aocro,
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HacrpoeHr4e
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'
(Moszynska

B., 1982; SchubertO., Schaile.-i{.. ib8;i.-

Ognaxo BalxHo He rlpocro rioHcra.l.v poBarb
Br,rpa,
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:i:t"lll1l
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ros A.f., BafiqeaB.fI., Apouon
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P.. Eoyxa-r M.,
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rb.o.. tr{ruyrraHa

B sanuczN40crt or JTHTIHOCTHbIx
rrep' 60-,rr,trolo Ha6,rro4arotca
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pea*r{H?r rra 60.rreaul
(vpcora JI.r.,
''cnxofla.ToJrofnrrec.r{e
1973)'
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pexclrnaHzri 6oneaHu orMerlalorcx y
rperoixHo-MHr4Te.,lbHr,Ix .:rylrq,
noc_reti, AHcrI,IMurre
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_ qacro orrpe;re"rlffIOTC'E r4HTe.rrJ'Ie.Tyanruoii HeAOCTaroqHocrr,ro ( Koga,lea
8.b.,
1972)' Bo,rrHrre r'rudlapxron *"d.upj",
FiorropbrM csoiicrBeuHrr
pa6oroc'oco6Hocrr,
paBBtrl,re Bo!,reBr,retta qecrBa, xapaxTepuByrorc'E a.reKBarHbrM orHOUreHI'eNr n 60-nesHu,
B or,'raque br 60.irurrx c
noBbrrrreHHOI?Bne'rar,'Ir{Te,lbHocrblo, HeBpor.Hqecr"orr
t"papooor*orr
unQoprrar4ur,r, Koropbre''yxoAff r s 6onesHr, "
1faHe,rr,rua'I41n., rcpo
eecnurl fl.NI., 1971). 3aiiqen B.n. ruixre
ctrHTaer, rrro crr"qbHbre B
sMoIIlIoHaJrbHo Bo,'IeBoM orHorueH vn Jrro
Au Jalor aAeKBarHyIo lrJ,rlrr

1

'r'rr'r'r'r'!r('('r;vrc peariqllro tra 60,teaul" tioropa,fl npeo/qo,'IeBaetc,a6ea
' r r 'r . r r . r r , r( ) r 'o r e r l e H 'In . c n o a p a cr a H I4 e M u cu xo n a r o .[o r l 4 r {e c.l r x
i l l 'r

r{ e p T

c H I ' I } } C a e Tc . E

B e p o , f I TH O C Tb

To ro ,

rI TO

f I C U X I 4 TI e c -

l ,l ) l t,( i l t , t x
| "'. ^l i )r'{
r'()rrrHe crroHTaHHO iropNraJlr{3yerc"rl(3arh1en
'i
B.fI., 1971).
l' rr, t, n r:r:,r eg o n a n u fi n o c B.rILr{e HLr l13 yrl eH g
11)ta x o fi ,r r,r.ru o c tH o rl
'r r r '^ r 'r '( 'l ) r ( :T'r l h ',r {,.cs.fl sa n H Or i _xa
c p a ^ Te p o M n p vq l 4 H n o r o
o 6 r .scH e
, r , r r r i ) r ) .'r ( ) Bo r r u n( ti a r xn s E.A. ,,L
Ap yr r 4 e , 1 g g 5 ) , F.a u .n o .yc Ko H T_
1," |'r llor;:r:raHo, rrro Brryrpennrtli,ronyc
F:.oHTpo.n.E
F;oppe./rr{pyer c
llll rl llNt
v l )()I l H e M

A e rrp e c c r{ L l .

[ o . ] ro ; { { L I Te , ' I b H o

B J I I { J re r

H a n c } i x o . rl o
r r' r.r' r ,r' H r i"{r r Hut r r eclioe
Boccr aHoB, 'r enae
( Feif el H. , st r aek s. ,
t" rr1' N ' :rgvv. ' 1982; Nlaeland J. . [ I avic o. ,
1'9gz) .B; pF;
pa6or e
rr.

l 'l r'l rl :n'l ] l l erc ' fi '
trro y c raH oB J ' IeH H LIe
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]IeoA H oB H a
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60:tee B al K fro rr3MeH J { Tb .rl oK v c Ii oH Tr"' rrr l r xo j { e rrc l 4x orepaneB Tr4rrec F;rz x
N reponprl .rrrl rri
(c reary
M.,
Irl rr.r' .1., 1984).

( )r:'6 e* goc rfi
B .III{ ffIor H i t orH or[ertue
r; ,teqe6grl u
"Ir4rIH oc rI'
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co
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l ' t i ti ; l l ' ri qes B'r I " Tpvconaf . c. ', 1987; "Th. r ; ; . i. 5; ; ; if
F. , 1er J8) .
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npe4npuH.rrra
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-nc
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1924) .

c B ol o 60;res H l .
B 3agz c l 4l roc ,rLt or
r; 60,' te3H I4 aB TOpLI npe_]r,Iafaror
B Meul aT".oo,,Tuo- (B v puo
M.A .,

rl ,r.'

F;ac aerc ,E B o[poc a
o c B J ri ]H T' ;+ i ec rl 4 ti .J rI,IH IrIqec ]i oro c oc ro
r"r'r
l r B t'rpa,* i eH H OC TI' ' 60.Tes rrx
npl rc ry noB
rr S MOr{ rroH aJ IbH bIX
r" 'rr r(r'i l 'i H a 60.teanr"
TO OH oc raerc rl
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urru.
oc raH ()B rrM
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s TOfO B Onpoc a B K J ' II/IH H Ii ,e c epJ e
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f.I4. ,,
,prrngo,
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"oouri .
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.rt^r.trrn"r,
\ r'r '''rr'rx
c 0c -i i oi { i H eH rrrrnrl r rfop^raN l r.r r{ B C (14B C
+ aprepna.rrr,H ' J i

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f . C. , Ar e6- u. , i", f , , . . X. ,
l rl l i :l ). l l , nr r enr . r r or r o. qbct iuxaBTopoB,
Jocr oBepHor r au{e HeBpor r I
'r( r.r
l ri rr:c rpoi i c ' rna
_H -a6"rro4a"' It{ c b Ir l :i rl 4H I,It;e H eoc ..,o)+ i H eH H Or.O
r r rl rr'('l ) r:' r' , Nrr {oF; r r pAa
( Nasilowska Bar . r cl A. , sokohr k - . i. , ' ni. . Li.

222
22:J

Vacmu II
wisz M., 1985). flporunouo.rrolrdabre peay,'rbrarbr no,'ryqeHbr B Apyrux Prcc,'reAoBaHr{flx, rAe Br,IffBJ'IeHa cBfl3l> Me}KAy BbrpaEreHHocTbK)
n cuxrurrreclcu x Hapytlr e uufr u Tff ]rcecTbro coMaToreHHr,r x paccrpofi cre
npn r.rH$aprcre Mr.rorcap4a (Be.narcosa H.A., C,rearcuua JI.A., 1984;
Ba ccep na n J I . m . , Kapnona 3. 8. , Ky n e r u o a a E . @ . , 1 9 8 8 ; B z u o r p a ,
4 on B.@., 1984; KaHr pona P. A. , M ar s e e s a H . L I . , 1 9 8 4 ; V p c o r a J I . I . ,
19 73 ; Ha ckeh T. , Cas s em N. , 1978; Sc h u b e r t O . , S c h a l l e r K . , 1 9 8 5 ) .
O6u nrz.eu n porr{ Bopeq r{Bocrr, n o"'ryrreugbrx pegyr'rbraro B roBo pflT o HenepcneKTI,IBHocrlr "drar;ropHoro
xaparcTepa lrcc,re4onanr.rfi .
C uanreft Toqnlr 3peuu.E, nau6o,ree n,rroAorBopHori .ssasercff uAe.rr o
ToM. r{To g 6onrtttefi crerreHll Ha Bo3HLrFiHoBeHr4ettcuxuqecKux
uapyruenufi unu $opnazpoBaHrre alanrlrBHoro
noBe.qeHr{,rrBJrr4.rrror
.ttttlnocrHr,te oco6eHHocrn. cy6rel,TnBHr,re 3HaHI4.a I4 oulyulenr{ff,
y 6o.nrHoro ora!'roH 3JopoBr,.ff, a He o6'reriruBHa.E
uvercrqnlica
Trrixecrr, cocroflHr{ff (Jlaurl6epr M.8.. fari4aur O.f ., 1981; @e"rr.qrrarr H.8 ., @e, r r , 4r r au 3. I 4. , M una6y r g u u o a
A.M., 1987; Byrne D.,
White H., But ler K. , 1981; M aeland D . , Wh i t e H . , 1 9 8 7 ; T r e l a w n y Ross C., Rus s el O . . 1987) .
B ,rr-rreparype ecrb pa6orrr, aBTopbr Koropbrx nbrrarorcs ycTaHoBrtrF, cBffBl, Me]lcly rrrrroM aa6o,regaxutl I4 Tr{floM orHoIrreHI,I.fI t<,
6oneeH u . Otu e.r aercs rlarl6o,rrur aff q ac rora rpeBolrcH r,rx u o6ceccpts HbIx rnnoB orHolrreHl{x rt 6o,resHl{ y 6o-rr,rrrrx BJIoKarrecrBeHHbIMH
onyxonfl Mrr, HeBpacreHr{rrecliux, oroIIeHTpr{qecnr.rx, uapanoria,rr,
B riJrr{HrrFie6poHxua;rlnorl acruu, erl{ropr.rvecKnx u apronay 6o,rr,urrx, nepeHecrlux
Tr{r{ecrinx
lrurfiaprcr Mr{onapAa (Jh,rvrco
A.E., tr4saHon H.,f., 1980). Br,rparxeuuocrr, KocMeruuecxoro 4ecpe,
F:Ta npu H eliorop brx Holt{Hblx sa6o"resanu.rlx. HanprrMep, flcoprra3e,
o6yc,ran"uznaer Bo3Hrrh',HoBeHHeBTopr{rrHr,rx cuMnroMoB BKE (Hvx,oaaena B.8.,
ayrr{3aqr{u,
aMor{proHa,rr,nofi ueycrorl.rlrnocru
Prr6r.rHa f. @ . , E, r eqr c nr ? B. I O . , 1984 ) .
fy6auen IO.M. c coaBr.
cr{I{TaroT, qTo cyqecTByeT SaBI{cr,rMocTb ypoBH.fI ;rr.r.rrtocruofi lr
crrryauuoHHofi
'rpenoncHocrr4 or Hoao.rrofr.rr.r. Tax, 6o"'rr,nrre tr{BC
xapar;Tepn3yrorc.fi 6o;rrruei;i TpeBolrcHocrbro, rreM 6o.rrr,nlre asneHHoii
6o,reaHrlo, qto o6racHflercfl
pas,tlt.tHofi qeneeor? opueHraquer.i
6o;rrnrrx tr{BC (crperr.ireHr{e n ycuexy). B or,rrHqrre or crpeMJ'reHr{.rr
6o,rr,Hrrx ssseuuoii 6o.rre:lHsroor.paAr{Tb ce6n o'r Heycflexa, n 6o;rr,
urer? ueonpeile.rleHHocrlrc rporHo3a npn I{BC (fy6auen IO.M., Cu
Ma HeHF:oB B. n. , AHanr es 8. A. , 1985 ) .
Ecrr ilruenne, rrro oco6ennocrn noBeJeHrrecnr4x peariqufi npu
n Hc[a p r;re M n o r;a p Ji] M of yr ila )+cec J'rVirirrr r, cpe.IcrB ou gz$$epeuq u
a,rrHoli AHafrrocrnlin co crenor"apguer? Ha lorocnuTaJrbuoM orane.
fv.'rrri.i B.K.. 1981 n cooBT. rrpoBe-[rr cpaBHnTe,'rbHoe rrcc;reAoBaHr{e
peanrlufi Ha 6o-treanr B c,'rvqae nlrransnoii
yrpo3r,r u y 6o.nrHrrx
xpoHrrrr ecxnriru ea6o.neraHH.ENrrr, He yrpo)riarcqr{NtI4 ;rilraur.r ( apr
pI4T, Jeprlrarnr). flor"a3aHo. rrro y 6o.,rrnr,rx panoM n nHdrapx,rori,r
NruoriapJa rlaqe Bcrpetl:)rl{cb ?IKTHBHLIepeariquu ua 6o,resub: no
Ncr; raH<fropMar{uu, [onbrrH,H coflporl{BJ'r.srtc.q 6o,'IesHu, rlpI{TItrrHoe
oueH HBaHHe cocrog HtI fi . Peanqlrr.r lta6eraun.n BorIpocoB. cBff3aHHLrrx

224

fnaaa

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' 'r 'r,{r)l)(}lll'oM, o'rcyrcrBt4e HaAe}rcAbI, cMrrpeHne qalqe orMeqa,'Iocr,
\ rffr.'rr'ril'rx HeorrrcHbIM*7 r,Jrg.xcr{3Hrr coMarl4qecK[Mrr Sa60JreBaH]r,lrrrr. Xo'r'l rorlFia 3peHu.E aBTopoB o roM, rITo
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cnopnor?, Ba]rcHo,
'r rr' nrlrMlrr{ne 3aocrp,Eerc.a Ha xaparcrepe aa60.neBaHl{ff yrpoSa
t. ,t ;t('ltlrH, BHeSanHocTb, Ta'. Ka'' B 6o.rrrrur,[rcrae
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{l " r 'r l r 'l l l . , Sfr a ck S., To n g N a g y V., l g g 7 ) .
A rr,,rrta li,,'r'Hrr,q ecFioro Ha npaB,'IeH
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'rr'r'r rx peanqrui na 60neaHr, npoBeAeHHrrrl
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t r)lt

r ;,' I I I H I 4 t i L l ,

IIOSBO,'I.feT

C A e , I I a TL

C,lIeAyIOtqI{e

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ecrinx peaxq nrl u a sa6o,,resaH lre. yFiJra
Abr Baroqnxcn
.l i,-I :.1-T",",l,orurr
i l IItM F :Lt

HO p Mb I

6. loriaaa
H c.rroil{-H brri x apat rep ncrr xo coM ar r.Itrecft ux
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rf rf r' r|3ar"IM OS nl as rrui I 60l eaH eH uoro
npoqec c a
u nc ux uqec x ,ofi
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qro
rr"l l 'l l ocr''
fl po"E B n.fl erc ' rr B orc y rc rB rrpl
rrer* rrx
noppe,rarl nrr
r\ff'rri i {v r'rl )rdec rLl o
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A H OC TbIO
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orH oLIreH nrt
(rarrc ec rr
s a60,' IeB aH rrJ l ,
oc o6errs oc tl t
r r P .rr. p6l rrl not?,t' nqnoc rl { ,
B bl pax { eH ' oc rb
rrc ux l { rl ec Fi } rx
H apy .' e| | | r | | r, l l ri l K )+ c e url rpox or?
rr.rnonorueri
r' IIIITTH OC TH LIXK aqec l ,B .
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r ,r'r(rrr trr r1Hfi , aoal rorx H LIMLl
I{ 3MeH eH uffMr{
S TH X Fi arrec rB B x orfe

t[,

lr..illl,l.

225

Vacma II

fnaaa

K,a .Ie cT Be o cHo BHL IX MeTOA OB aH ar'IH 3a I4C nOJ'IF'3yIOTC .g:
}iapTbl ncuonpocHI'IrcI{'
aHaJII{S lra'to6,
K,'rI,IHr{aIeCKOe Ha6nro4entIe,
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co cr o ffHp lg '
x o J l o r f i q ecKo r o
nor'Ifl
eH
H
bIX
o6pa6orrcn
A
aH
H
bIx'
M
e
r
o
A
T r 4 c r I , I K o - Ko p p e JIsII? Io HHb Ifi
u cTaTuCTI4IIeCH,U npoBe.{eHnogxo4
Tarioft
AeJraeT ycTaHoB!'reHHbre
?.

B

H r , I e 3 a K o Ho M e p Ho cT I' IHe IIp I' IM e HI4 M L ' IMI{K ri ,OH K peTH oMtbOr'IrrH oM}'
nornq ec r{ cc"re4oBaHllr Ii' $enoueno
3u n up nau K JII{H I{qecnr{x
MeroA oB
npuMeH
ffeMF'Ix
K r , I f i y p oBe Hb a Ha JIr r Ba Aa HHI' IX' xapari rep
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cTo'ffuIyrc
saAarIy,
f,'IaBHylo
peIIII'ITI'
I1o3BoJIffIoT
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cHflT l,
co cT o .EHI{ e n
I l c u x l l q e cKo e
HOp M b I"
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T ltr r o M
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Tex Me
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tlreHoueurr

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231

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t{TCtypoBeIIL HX pa3Bl4'rEff He oTJxuqaercs oT ypoBHff qAoPggYx49l9li
Sander land, M a t a r a s s o e t a l , 1 9 7 3 ; Wh i t (lige rion ,
Kt y , ^1964;
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1973;
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"t al, aiTo fIcHxoHeBpoJIOfHrrecKue ocJloxcHeHl{fl IIOCJle
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Boapaere. Oguar<,onpoorepupoBaHHr,Ie nocJle 8;ler 4eru o6uapyrxu,rr'r'rHocrlr, Koropble cKope-e. cFff-o-anbl c
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1980; Mopoaon, 1980; Baer'
lVioposon,
pacre (B."A"t"
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c.a oco6eguo 3aNIerr{bIMLI B noApocrKoBoM Bo3pacre (Kpe*rneaa,
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PercorueuAYeMas

4erepMH H aH TbI pea-

Jrrrrel)arY Pa

I. Bpant.ycv. 6.C. Anoma,rllru ,rll'rlHoc'ru. M., l{)tili'
2. Sett,zapnurc B.B. Jlu'rxocrt u naToJroru,rr AeJt't'('.rtr,il()('r'rr\l

1970.

3 , Se i tzo p tt'u tt B.B., Ep a n t'yca B,C ' O'r e p n u r o Ir ( '1 r )o: r r 't r r r t
M', 1975'
aHOMAJIbHoFopaBBHTI'Iff ,'IITTIHOCTIII.
4. Seiteaprtutc B.B. flaroncr'rxo,1lorrlff' M., 1986.
Mero4rr rrcuxo'rol'rr'r( { r .rl
Jltt'vxo A.E'
5. Ida6anoa M.M.,
JI., 1983. Clruprrorr ll Nl
rdJ'rr4HuKe.
B
KoppeKr{r'rn
I/t
AUarHOCTuI{r.r
6. KapaacapcK,It[t,.6.{. Me4ullrrHcrca.fl rcprxorlorufl' 'll , |1tt''
7 . Ke a ce n r co A.B. fl cr a xo ,r o r u s 6 o ,r u so r o . JI.' 1 9 8 O l l v( r :r 1 " r '

IO.r.

8. Hurcon.aeea. B.B. B,rr'lnnr're xpoHrrqecKofi 6o,resHla Il:r r:( rt

xr,rny.M., 1987.

s caMooIIeHKarrpH lltl()r'rrr
L Corconoaa E.T. CaNlocogHaHI'Ie
Jrrrsx Jlrrtlnoet'u. M., 1989.
lO. Tautnatrcor BA, flcrlxo,torlrs 6o,rrnoro. JI.' 1984'
1 1. Te,rec H oc rb

qeJ ' IoB eK a : Mel K A Itc q?InJ II4H apH F' Ie

rtc (:' rl(' / \( ) rr ; l

nu'x (flo4 pe4. B.B.Hurco;raeeofi z II.A.TauleHrco) M.' 199 l-

OI,TABJIEHLIE
Or antopon

b

Bre4ea ne. T eoperuxo - u eroAo-iror]rq ecx lre upo 6,teurr
traTotrcnx o.I orI4II
I I ACTbI
...
I'nasa 1. lfayueuue irr{qHocrubrx oco6eurocreft
II CaMOCO3EaEIIg

trpl]I

I
27

trorpaEI{rIEbIx

.
"[rrrrEocTEr,rx pacctpoficrnax
',7
1 . 1 . M e r o 4 o ,T lo r l{ tle c} ia s rr reoperr{rrecK ag trapaA nrMa
u ccJIe Ao Ba Ba Er r g ca M o co3E aE fi
trpII trorpaE l {rrE bIx
'I
27
"ir r { q Eo cr Eb r x p a cctp o fi c rrax
1 .2 . 0 6 o cso Ba n r le tr p o eFTrrR E ol 'o A rl arE ocrl {K o,
rrccJeAoBare,Tbclioro
Mero Aa rlten o uero,tor rlqecKo ro
a Ea "r lIISa Ca M OCO3 Ea EIt.'I
40
1 .3 . @ a xr o p r ,r So p u r .r p onaarrr rrofpaxuqroft
ruqsocrrofi
cr p yxT yp b r u o co 6 e xa o c refi cal rocoauaxr{,t B oxToreue3e. . 43
1 .3 .1 . Po ;r r ' n e 6 - ,r a r o npaarsr,rx ceueftrr,rx yc;ronzfi
( co n p e n r e n xr ,r e lio xq e trqnul
43
- . .
1 .3 .2 . Vzyu e n n e o co6essocrcfi
rro4pocrxonofi
ca M o o tr e Er iII B ce M b ,sx c traTof(:rrrrbl MII poA IITe"IbC K U MI{
ycr a Ho BI{ a M I4 r { Ea p y[reurreM ofi rrl eaua (uo 4axxr,ru
,
. . . 5I
Ar { a r u o cr r r r r e cn r ,r x o 6 c-l e4osaufl i i }r trcnxorepanw n).
1 .3 .3 . Oco 6 e n n o cr r r Morr{B aqH orrto uorpe6xoctnofi
.
cQe p lr ( n o p e 3 y.ir b r a r aM trpoehrnnubrx
l rero4or)
63
1 .4 . I,Icc,,r e 4 o Ba En e Qe uoveua se()t'a6l t,'IbE ocrr,t
ca M o o r xo r u e u lr fl
Ra x cuuurouoo6l ):r3yi orqero
S axropa
tr p r l tr o r p a g t,tq Eb r x .]r lr r E ocTE brx pur:t:1pofi 6196x
( a n cu e p u u e xr a - r b Er ,r e
l5
4 aau l re)
1 .5 . T e o p e r r ,r q e cn l,Ie n o AxoA bI It ri .rrrrn{H o.
3 r: c tr e p It M e E Ta-trbE bI e Ir c c J eA o B a H r{ rt rt er::ra 6 u ;t t, x o c rll
ca M o o r u o r r r e u r r s tr p r l a QS eH rznu ofi rr:rro-uornn
( Ae tr p e ccn r r J
78
1 .5 .1 . llcu xo Ar { Ea M [r lec([e
rl orrr(crrl [rr A etrpecci l yt . . 82
1 .5 .2 . Ko r sn r r r BEr le
K onqetrqnfl i 't()rrl )eccfi fi
85
| . 6 . Vu gnnnAya.rbr o - TIrIro.:ror rrq ec ri H ( : o rr{,irr{
cr a 6 r l- r lr sa Un u r .r 3 a u lr r r bl cy6texru urrr' tsbrroA E oro
caMooTEoIIIeEIjtl
. .
1 . 6. 1 . Crn,'rr, " sMoqrroEa.irbn ofi l {)Arrrrrrn n .vt
yTo-iIeEI{'I 3MOqr{oEa,-IbEoro ro.'l ( )I'Ia
100
I.6 .2 . Cr lr ttn ca M o tr p rl yl i parul t B i ul r{q n o6paaorauza
c"iletrblx trflTeE B CaMOBOCtrpIITITITI'| .
103
1 .6 .3 . Cr n .r r r
tr p r r B.reqegr{rr patl nogi l ,-rbrl brx
a p IYM e HT o B B cBo X) tro.xl ,3y
IO4
1 .7 . Pa cu tr e n :r e r lr e o 6 p aaa re-recuoro !l rr crpyxrype
Ir o r p a Er r r r Eo ft ":r lt.Ig o c' r n y -ql tq c rrl l rl l eur,rMH
iTAAItTitrII'IMH
107
1 .7 . 1 . He xo r o p b le r e op€i TrqecF;rre rafl paB -l reurrs
[cc.:Ie Ao Ba g r { fl o 6 p a 3 a re.i recgoro fl n aapy6erxnoft
trcIIxo.f orult
107

it5 tt

() ()l l I' l l :r v
I.7 .2. E l trl ' npl l qec K oe Iray .reE rre re' ro(:l l ()l
traIITeETOB C trUtrIeBbIMA aAAr{KqngMx
ttl rl t
1.8. Mauuuy J rffTnB aaff c rpy rc Ty pa o6l l enurt
trorpaurrqubrx
PacctPoficrBax
1.9. Po;t, Eacr{,'Itlg B paSBrltrlrll trorpaEllt(rEofi
crpyKTypbr
' .
.qll.rsocrEofi

Pexouen4yeMa,ll'rrrtreparypa . . .
f:rasa 2. Baaonbre trpuEqlrtrbr u MeroAbI trcuxorepatr[u
norpanrtrlEbrx Jrr{alEocrgbrxpaccrpoficrB'''
2. 1. TeoPerrtlecxoe o6ocxosasue
2.2. Meto4r'r ycrauoBjrenus u pa3Brlrrls
KOETaKTa
rrcuxorepatreBTr{rIecKOrO
1. 3axnro'resrle trctlxoreparlegTrrqecxoro KoETaKTa''
2. floeur\ns' trpr{Esrrrs ua[rreuTa
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