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06pa3Hoe CO.lI.ep:>KaIUJe H ocymeCTBJlfIe1'C5I npy. nOMOmH pa3J1I1lJlIb1X
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npOBO,ZlHTC5I BOCnl-lTa1'eJlbHafl pa60Ta. Bce 9TO Tpe6ycT np05lUJICI-IHH
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pa60TC.
28
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lllHXCS1 B KOJ]JleKTHUC. (j)OPMllpOBalHie Y Y4aUIHXCS1 Mopa,nbHblX Ka-
lICCTB, Ha13bIKOB H nplIBbl'leK nOBCjtCIIH51 npn 3rOM yc.nOBHH npOTe-
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29
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aMOpaJlbHblX 110cTynKOB.
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HblX KalJeCTB.
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IJ,aTc.nblible.
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pOHHee 060CHOBaHHe B TPY.lI.aX KpynIleillllHX COBeTCI<HX nC.lI.arOrOB
I I. K. I\pynCI<OH 11 A. C. MaKapeHl<O.
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lllKo.rrblloro Y'leHH'leCKOro KOJI.nCKTHBa H nepBH1IHbiX Ko.n.'1eKTHBOB B
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31
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n p Ii M C'I a H II e. B }.\1iJIhUeHlIleM 6Y.LI.YT YKa3blBaTbCH TOJlbKO 1'01\1 II
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MllS! HaYK CCCP, 1951, CTP, 6g.
32
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)1.1151 WI\OJlbl nopYlJelme,
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34
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