АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК
РАБОЧАЯ ТЕТРАДЬ задания ЕГЭ
английский язык
РАБОЧАЯ ТЕТРАДЬ ЙдХГ: ЕГЭ
ВЕРТИКАЛЬ
МОСКВА
»эрофа
2015
УДК 373.167.1:811.111
ББК 81.2Англ-922
А94
Условные знаки:
— предлагаемое задание имеет формат ОГЭ (общий государственный экзамен);
— личностные качества;
л? — метапредметные результаты.
Афанасьева, О. В.
А94 Английский язык. 7 класс : рабочая тетрадь / О. В. Афанасьева, И. В. Михеева, К. М. Баранова. — М. : Дрофа, 2015. — 160 с. : ил. — (Rainbow English).
ISBN 978-5-358-14677-8
Рабочая тетрадь является составной частью УМК по английскому языку для 7 класса серии «Rainbow English» и соответствует ФГОС основного общего образования. Пособие предназначено для самостоятельной работы учащихся в школе и дома и содержит задания для повторения и закрепления изученного по учебнику материала.
Специальными значками отмечены задания, направленные на формирование метапредметных умений и личностных качеств учащихся.
УДК 373.167.1:811.111
ББК 81.2Англ-922
Серия «Rainbow English»
Учебное издание
Афанасьева Ольга Васильевна, Михеева Ирина Владимировна Баранова Ксения Михайловна
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК
7 класс
Рабочая тетрадь
Зав. редакцией Е. Ю. Шмакова. Редактор И. П. Гончарова Художественный редактор Л. П. Копачева. Художественное оформление О. М. Войтенко Технический редактор Е. Ю. Кваскова. Компьютерная верстка Н. В. Троицкая Корректор Г. Н. Кузьмина
Сертификат соответствия № РОСС RU. АЕ51. Н 16602.
Подписано к печати 02.02.15. Формат 60 х 90 1/8. Бумага офсетная. Гарнитура «Школьная». Печать офсетная. Усл. печ. л. 20,0. Тираж 10 000 экз. Заказ № 3753.
ООО «ДРОФА». 127254, Москва, Огородный проезд, д. 5, стр. 2.
Предложения и замечания по содержанию и оформлению книги просим направлять в редакцию общего образования издательства «Дрофа»: 127254, Москва, а/я 19. Тел.: (495) 795-05-41. E-mail: chief@drofa.ru
По вопросам приобретения продукции издательства «Дрофа» обращаться по адресу: 127254, Москва, Огородный проезд, д. 5, стр. 2. Тел.: (495) 795-05-50, 795-05-51. Факс: (495) 795-05-52.
Сайт ООО «ДРОФА»: www.drofa.ru Электронная почта: sales@drofa.ru Тел.: 8-800-200-05-50 (звонок по России бесплатный)
Отпечатано в филиале «Тверской полиграфический комбинат детской литературы» ОАО «Издательство «Высшая школа» 170040, г. Тверь, проспект 50 лет Октября, д. 46 Тел.: 4-7 (4822) 44-85-98. Факс: +7 (4822) 44-61-51
ISBN 978-5-358-14677-8
©ООО -ЗР >?А», 2015
Contents
Unit	Schools and Schooling
I.	Listening......................................................... 4
II.	Reading........................................................... 6
III.	Speaking......................................................... 10
IV.	Use of English................................................... 12
V.	Writing.......................................................... 25
VI.	Just for Fun..................................................... 26
Unit	The Language of the World
I.	Listening........................................................ 29
II.	Reading.......................................................... 30
III.	Speaking......................................................... 37
IV.	Use of English................................................... 39
V.	Writing.......................................................... 58
VI.	Just for Fun..................................................... 60
Unit	Some Facts about the English-Speaking World
I.	Listening........................................................ 61
II.	Reading.......................................................... 62
III.	Speaking......................................................... 66
IV.	Use of English................................................... 68
V.	Writing.......................................................... 79
VI.	Just for Fun..................................................... 82
Unit	Living Things Around Us
I.	Listening........................................................ 83
II.	Reading.......................................................... 84
III.	Speaking......................................................... 88
IV.	Use of English................................................... 90
V.	Writing......................................................... 108
VI.	Just for Fun.................................................... 110
Unit
The ABC of Ecology
I.	Listening....................................................... 111
II.	Reading......................................................... 112
III.	Speaking........................................................ 116
IV.	Use of English.................................................. 119
V.	Writing ........................................................ 131
VI.	Just for Fun.................................................... 133
Unit lx. Living Healthy
I.	Listening....................................................... 135
II.	Reading......................................................... 137
III.	Speaking........................................................ 142
IV.	Use of English.................................................. 144
V.	Writing......................................................... 158
VI.	Just for Fun.................................................... 159

U П I I JJjju
Schools and Schooling

Listening
Unit
Four people are speaking about their life at school. Listen, ® (1), and match the speakers (1—4) with what they say (a—e). There is one statement you don't have to use.
Statements
a)	The student says that his/her teacher changed his/her attitude1 to one of the school subjects.
b)	The student says his/her test results were always worse than his/her knowledge.
c)	The student says his parents were surprised at his/her marks in sciences.
d)	The student says his/her father and mother liked their child’s results in school subjects.
e)	The student says he/she was fond of his/her fellow students as well as the teachers.
1 attitude ['aetitjuidj
отношение
2
Listen to the text "School Uniform", ;«T (2), and write answers to these questions.
1.	Do all schools in Britain have school uniforms?
2.	Is the speaker for school uniforms or against them?
Unit
3.	Why does the speaker say that a uniform saves1 time?
4.	What doesn’t the speaker like in school uniforms?
5.	Pupils in Britain usually have to wear grey or black trousers when they are at school, don’t they?
6.	Why does the speaker think jeans are the best thing for a school uniform?
7.	What uniforms in the speaker’s view are good for the
summer?
to save [seiv] — зд.: экономить
8.	Who thinks that everybody has to form1 their own individual dress sense1 2?
6
C
Read the words in transcriptions, then listen and check, ф (3).
[bai'oladji] ['kemistri] ['dikfnri] ['litratja] ['sizaz]
['forma] [.maeOa'maetiks] ['fiziks] ['stAdiz] ['peipa]
['praimari] ['глЬэ] ['ju:nifa:m] ['laudli] [.felt'tip]
Read the words, word combinations and sentences, then listen and check, (4).
a)	age, backpack, chalk, examination, science, foreign, geography, glue, noisy, paint, physical education, pencil sharpener, pencil case, secondary, subject
b)	a good education, my best schoolmate, a primary school, a long ruler, to speak loudly, his exercise book, a famous college, a noisy street, to pay money, a lot of glue, a pair of scissors
c)	Yesterday we painted the walls of our classroom. This school is the best place in the town to get secondary education. Joe doesn’t know mathematics very well. Physics is a difficult science. My elder sister (brother) is fond of linguistics. Lizzy took off her coat and entered the classroom. We decided to talk our holidays plans over. Secondary education is free in this country. He is interested in stamps and has a good collection of them. Are only children different?
Read the paragraphs of order.
the text (a—f) and put them in their logical
Going
School

a) We parted at the school gates, I joined my schoolmates and my father went off. Ours was just a small village school, with no rooms upstairs at all. There were about
1 to form [fo:m] — формировать
2 a dress sense ^dres'sens] — здл чувство стиля
sixty boys and girls in our school, and their ages went from five to eleven. We had four classrooms and four
teachers.
The next day was Thursday, and before we set out for
the walk to my school that morning, I went around be-
hind the house and picked two apples from our tree, one for my father and one for me.
A teacher, called Captain ['kaeptm] Lancaster, taught the nine- and ten-year-olds and my year too. He was an awful man. (During the war against Hitler he was a captain in the army.) He told us to call him Captain Lancaster instead of just
mister. My father said it was an idiotic
thing to do. Millions of people wanted to forget those military titles. Captain Lancaster was a violent man, and we were afraid of him.
d)
Miss Birdseye taught the five-year-olds and six-year-olds, and she was a really nice person. Mr Corrado took the sevenyear-olds. He was also a decent person. He was a very old teacher, probably sixty or more, but that didn’t stop him being in love with Miss Birdseye. We knew he was in love with her because he always gave her the bits of meat at lunch when it was his turn to do the serving. And when she smiled at him, he would smile back in the most romantic way you can imagine.
e) At eight o’clock we started walking down the road to my school in the pale autumn sunshine, eating our apples. I really loved those morning walks to school with my father. We talked practically the whole time. Mostly it was he who talked and I who listened, and just about everything he said was interesting. He was a true countryman and knew a lot about all the trees and the wildflowers and the different grasses that grew in the fields.
f) It is a most wonderful thing to be able to go out and get your own apples whenever you feel like it. You can do this only in the autumn, of course, when the fruit is ripe but all the same how many families are so lucky? Not one in a thousand, I guess.
4.
5.
6.
6
Read the text and mark the sent= ces after it as true (T), false (F) or not stated (NS).
Back to School
The holidays were over. Dave, Jenny and Debbie met in the schoolyard.
Dave: We’ve got school on Monday. Yuck!
Jenny: True. I can’t believe that just a few days ago I was in the mountains in Scotland. What about you, Dave? You were somewhere in the sun. Your face is very brown.
Dave: Yes. I was in Greece with my parents. It was really hot there.
Debbie: Were you by the sea?
Dave: Yes, we were. We stayed at
a hotel near the beach.
Jenny: What was it like?
Dave: It was really nice and there was a fantastic open swimming pool there. I can’t tell you what I liked more — swimming in the sea or in the swimming pool.
Jenny: You must be joking, Dave. Nothing can be better than swimming in the sea. But Debbie, you didn’t tell us anything about your holidays. What were they like? Where were you?
Debbie: I spent July with my grandparents in the countryside. In August I was in Paris together with my cousins. But we returned in the middle of the month.
Jenny: Why?
Debbie: They go to school in Berlin and they had to be back there before the 18th August.
Dave: School in August? Yuck.
Debbie: Things do happen. But, honestly speaking, I feel that I already miss school, and classes and our teachers.
Jenny: So do I. By the way, we are going to have a new teacher, Miss Richardson.
Dave: Are we? What subject is she going to teach?
Debbie: How interesting! Is she young? Where is she from?
Jenny: I can’t answer all your questions, guys. I don’t know. But I’m sure on Monday we’ll find it out.
1.	Dave stayed at a five-star hotel in Greece.
2.	Jenny enjoyed her holidays in Scotland.
3.	Jenny thinks that swimming in the pool is worse than swimming in the sea.
4.	Debbie spent the summer with her parents.
5.	Debbie’s cousins are pupils of a school in Germany.
6.	The friends’ new teacher will be at school on Monday.
зл-г Read the texts (1—4) and match one title you don't have to use.
a) Fashion and Climate	d)
“ b) Useful Advice	e)
c) Not Wanted
them with the titles (a—e). There is
Angry and Surprised Positive Changes
1.	After lunch the class received the news about going to the Victoria and Albert Museum with enthusiasm. I told them we were going there the following Thursday together with their biology teacher. Some of the pupils wanted to know if Miss Jackson really had to come. I understood that this teacher wasn’t their favourite.
2.	I soon understood that our classes with the new teacher were quite different from Mr Florian’s lessons. Every day they were becoming more and more interesting. The lessons were very informal, we could ask any question and discussed lots of problems important for us. The new teacher gave us much more than the textbook information.
3.	When I began my teaching career, dad told me not to bring my pupils’ works home. “It shows your poor planning, son,” he said. “You’ll find soon that you’re busy every night. Teaching is like having a bank account. You should have new funds or you are in difficulties. Every teacher should have a fund of ready information and that means new ideas, new meetings, new discoveries, moving around among people.”
4.	One morning in our geography lesson we discussed the type of dress people wore in different climatic zones: Eskimos of Alaska and their dress of animal skins, people living in the south and their thin cotton or silk clothes. Larry said that many people in the tropics put
very little on and some of them just used a bit of paint here and there.
Extra
ю
Unit
Read the poem with a dictionary and say if you feel the same as its author. Why is it so or why is it not so? Is there any difference between what teachers can do and what pupils can do? What do you feel about it?
Complaint1
(after A. Ahlberg)
The teachers all sit in the staffroom
The teachers all drink tea
The teachers talk to each other
As cosy as can be.
We have to go out at playtime
Unless we bring a note
Or it’s raining heavily
Or we haven’t got a coat.
We have to do so many things.
Whether we like it or not.
And freeze to death if it’s freezing.
And boil to death if it’s hot.
The teachers can sit in the staff room.
And have a nice little chat.
We have to do so many things;
Where’s the fairness2 in that?
Speak about the system of education in Britain. Mention: the age people start schooling;
•	the number of school years pupils spend at school; stages of education;
if schooling is private or state, if it is free; subjects pupils do at school;
•	school uniform; school exams.
1 a complaint [kam'plemt] — жалоба fairness f'feanas] — справедливость
Work in pairs. Complete the dialogue. Act it out with your partner.
On Sunday Tracy talked to Betty on the phone.
What are you doing?
Tracy: Hi, Betty! (1) Wh_Qt_are you do-
Betty: I’m reading a really good book.
C
Ггасу: I’m phoning you.
Hetiy: Very funny, indeed, Tracy. And (2) ?
Tracy: Because I want to ask you to come to my house. Do you remember we have to make a talk about my mountain animals in our biology class?
Betty: Good idea! (3)	?
Tracy: (4)	on Tuesday after school?
Betty: Must it be Tuesday? I always help my mum with the shopping on Tuesdays.
Tracy: What about Wednesday?
Betty: No, (5)	. I always go to the swimming pool
after school on Wednesdays.
Tracy: You can go there (6)	. We have our biology
class on Thursday as far as I know. Betty, I don’t think you like my idea of doing the task together.
Be • у: I do. But I don’t like to go to	\
the swimming pool on Saturday. |) \ \	\ wf*
There are so many people there.	\	\ \\
Look, why don’t we meet tomorrow?	\\	J
Tracy: OK. (7)	. At three o’clock. And you mustn’t
be late.
11
Comment on these proverbs.
12
Learn to walk before you run. Knowledge is power.
Unit
1.	['sAbdjikt] — subject
2.	[mis’teik] —
3.	[’ргаппэп] —
4.	[‘sarans] — _________________________
5.	['form] — __________________________
6.	['kemistri] —________________
7.	['ftziks] —
8.	[a:t] —
9.	['mjuizik] — 
10.	[^edju'kcijn] —
11.	['kolidj] —
12.	[ju:ni‘v3:sati] —
13.	['doh] — _________________
14.	['ju:nifo:m] — ___________
15.	[t3:m] —
16.	[haepn] —
13
Mark the words which are countable with
(C) and which are uncount-
able with (U).
1.	glue — U
2.	air —
3.	chalk —
4.	dictionary —
5.	ruler —
6.	paint — 
7.	school —
8.	money — _
9.	weather —
10.	sand —
11.	daybook —
12.	uniform —
13.	paper —
14.	work —
Write the names of these things.
1. exercise
book _____
Unit
10.
Complete the sentences with the new words from the box.
backpack, brushes, classmates, dictionary, foreign, loudly, paints, paper, pencil case, pencil sharpener, subjects, uniform
1. There are pens
and pencils of different colours in
case.
must look
this
word up in
the
Unit
Bring
and
the
She
to your art
to write down
class.
your
need
some
address. 5. I
carry
exercise books
textbooks and
. 6. Grace
always
has
good
my daybook to school in
is a very good student.
and excellent marks in all the

Don’t speak so
we can hear
you
well.
8. The students
in this private
school is elegant.
How many
languages do you know? 10. All my
are my good friends. 11. How much did
you pay for the
? It’s really good. 1 used
it yesterday, and all my pencils became sharp in no time.
Match the names of the subjects and their definitions.
1. Biology
2. Art
3.	Mathematics
4.	Physics
5.	Music
6.	Literature
7. English
a)	the study of numbers and shapes including algebra, geometry and arithmetic
b)	the subject that gives you ideas about composers and their works
c)	a class in which you exercise your body
d)	the science that deals with energy, studies light, sound, electricity etc
8.	Computer studies
9.	Physical Education
10.	Geography
e)	the science that studies countries, their people, climate, oceans, rivers, mountains etc
f)	the scientific study of living things
g)	the subject that gives you information about paintings, sculptures etc
h)	the subject that gives you information about novels, poems, plays and their authors
i)	the study of computers and the programmes for them
j)	the subject in which they give you ideas about the official language of Britain and the USA and some other countries
k)	the science which studies elements of the Earth and living things on it, and how they behave under different conditions.
10.
Write how many times a week you have these subjects.
1.	History
2.	Biology
3.	Music
4.	Art
5.	Russian
6.	Physics
7.	English
8.	Mathematics
9.	Russian literature
10.	Computer studies
11.	Physical Education
12.	Geography
1. I have History twice (two times) a week.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

Complete the sentences using the word combinations from the box.
a) piece of cake, b) piece of paper, c) piece of land, d) piece of music, e) piece of cheese, f) piece of chalk, g) piece of butter, h) piece of meat, i) piece of work
!____________________________________________________________________
1. Jane is writing with a piece of chcuk on the black-
board.
2. May I have one more
? It is very sweet and
tasty. 3. My parents bought
in the country. They are
going to build a cottage there. 4. There
are no mistakes in your test.
That’s a very good _____________
. 5. I would like a
to make a cheeseburger for Johnny. 6. Fred will
need a
to draw on. 7. What a
beautiful
she is playing!
8. I’ll need a bigger
soup. 9. I would like a
few or
Use
little
to make
on
3.
4.
8.
my porridge.
little to com	plete these phrases.	
cheese	9.		 rubbers
glue	10. 			 paper
boots	11.	butter
cl ASSCS	12.	paints
V Ж	KJ kJ rulers	13.		 brushes
iuice	14. 			 bread
milk	15.	water
work	16.		chalk
Unit
Use
that or those to complete these phrases.
1. those boots
pair of
trousers
2.
mistakes
10.
slippers
4.
5.
8.
pair of
trainers
gloves
pair of
scissors
pair of
shoes
socks
12.
13.
14.
16.
pair of
pair of
jeans
pair of
stockings
mittens
specs
spectacles
pair of shorts
Choose the appropriate forms of the verbs in brackets to complete the sentences.
1. Mathematics (was/were) WQS my favourite subject last
year, now physics (is/are)
2. There (was/were)
my granny’s spectacles on the book she was read-
ing. 3. There (was/were)	a pair of shoes in the
hall. 4. Linguistics (is/are) _________ a very interesting sci-
ence. 5. Students should wear uniforms in this school. The uniforms (is/are)	very traditional: black skirts or
trousers, white shirts or blouses and black ties. 6. My jeans (is/are)	a bit too long. 7. His shoes (is/are)
not very clean. 8. His new pair of shoes (is/are) ________fairly expensive. 9. Statistics (is/are) ________________ a rather boring subject, as I see it. 10. I need a new pair of leggings. My old leggings (is/are)	very short.
Use the function words from the box to complete the sentences.
at, for, in, of(3), without, to(3), after, over
1. You can’t work without a break. You will be too tired.
2. Is Jane going	college	school? 3. When
are the classes	_ on Friday? 4. I’m going to pay
________the chocolate 	 dollars in the duty-free shop. 5. I’m not sure	these facts. 6. Something very unusual happened	Mr Carter when he was walking
through the park the other day. 7. Can you talk . _ Helen, please? She looks so sad. 8. John says he is tired your constant lies. 9.	what age do children
begin schooling in the USA? 10. We are fond ________________ this
beautiful piece of music.

Complete the sentences with the appropriate function words.
1. Who paid for the dinner? 2. What mark did Jack get science last Thursday? 3. I don’t know what happened	them. 4. Brian became a university student
________the age of seventeen. 5. What was Lily’s mark the last test? 6. I’m not afraid _____ mice.
7. Are you sure _________ the answer? 8. I’m going to write
________ my grandparents 	 the evening. 9. In this shop you can pay	rubles, ________ dollars and
________euros. 10. I didn’t see Mrs Loveday	church yesterday. 11. We are tired	these boring exercises.
12. Listen	me, please.
Complete the sentences with the derivatives of the words on the right.
1.	We know little about the system of edllCQ- educate tion in Canada.
2.	Robert is a well-known	___, jump
a very good one indeed.
3.	Little children like to make sandcastles on ____________________beaches.	sand
4.	This is a very _____ rule.	use
5.	Lizzy felt sad and ___ because happy
she had nobody to play with.
6.	People in Europe have Christmas	celebrate
s in December.
7.	I didn’t understand why Greg greeted me
so
Unit
cold
8.	We didn’t know anything about his 	of badges.	collect
9.	The Mississippi	is a great	and
river in North America. power
10.	What _______ uniforms these of- beauty
ficers are wearing!
SR Complete the text using the derivatives of the words on the right.
Soon I understood I began to like my new school. I didn’t feel (1) unhappy any more.	happy
All my classmates were quite (2)	.	friend
My new (3)________________s explained the rules teach
and other things (4)	well. I could fair
understand everything and very soon I became really (5)	. Practically all the les- success
sons were	(6)	.	Soon	I	made	interest
friends with many	girls	and	boys	of	my	class.
At first I	was rather (7)	about	critic
the clothes they were wearing. I thought their skirts and	jeans	were	(8)	for	suitable
school wear but then I understood they wanted to look (9)	from each other and I differ
just ignored their clothes.
Write American English words for these British English nouns.
1. autumn - - fall
3. holidays
2. pupil
4. football
C
Choose the appropriate verbs in brackets to complete the sentences.
1.	People often (say/tell) tell me about their problems.
2.	Gwen doesn’t (talk/speak)	German very well.
3.	Mr Brown	was	(speaking/talking)______________in	front of
the school for	half	an hour. 4. My classmates	and	me often
(talk/tell)___ about our favourite TV shows.	5. Never
(tell/say)	lies. 6. Try to (say/tell)	_____ the
truth. 7. I don’t like physics very much. Everybody (says/ tells)	it is a difficult subject, and I agree.
8. Could you (tell/say)	us the time, please?
9. Garry (said/told) _______ to me he wanted to visit
the USA. 10. Sam (said/told), __________________ “I want to see
Brussels.”
Choose the
appropriate words in brackets to complete the sentences.
1. I hope I’ll talk him (back/into) into learning Chinese. It is important for his job. 2. Never talk (back/out) ______________to your parents. 3. The journey to Australia is very tiring1, let’s talk him (out of/over) ______________it. 4. I don’t understand what the programme of his visit is. Let’s talk it (out of/over)
5. I know that the expedition will be very dangerous. Let’s talk him (out of/over)	taking part
in it. 6. Mike’s parents should talk to their son. He always
tiring ['taianrj] — утомительный
talks (back/over)	to his teachers. 7. There is a
very nice and fashionable dress in the local shop. I want to talk you (into/over) ________buying it.
Match the sentences (1—8) _ them (a—h).
1.	How do you say «точилка» in English?
2.	Shall I go to the blackboard?
3.	May I come in?
4.	What do we have to do next?
5.	I’m sorry, I’m late.
6.	May I take my seat now?
7.	I couldn’t come to school yesterday. I was unwell.
8.	I’m sorry, I haven’t got my daybook with me today.
with the situations where you can use
a)	Your lesson began 10 minutes ago. You open the door and come in. You say...
b)	Your lesson began 10 minutes ago. You open the door and before entering you ask...
c)	You are not sure what to do after you finish your task. You say...
d) You didn’t come to biology class yesterday. You want to explain to your teacher why. You say...
e)	You left the book where teachers put your marks at home. You say...
f)	You are not sure if you should leave your seat or can answer from it. You say...
g)	You are not sure if you can go back to your seat. You say...
h)	You do not know the English equivalent for some Russian word. You say...
5.
6.
7.
8.
C
fclji You already know some English words with school as the first ele-ment. Look up in the dictionary what some other words with school as the first element mean. Write down their meanings in Russian.
1.	schoolyard — ШКОЛЬНЫЙ ДВОр
2.	schoolkid —
3.	school friend —
4.	school dinner —_______________
5.	school room — _______
6.	schoolwork —
7.	schoolbook
8.	school time —
How well do you know the English system of education? Complete the sentences in writing.
1.	English pupils start schooling at the Gge of_ five.
2.	Primary education in England lasts______________
3.	Secondary education in England lasts__________________
4.	Pupils in England usually leave school at_____________
but some of them stay at school for 2 more years.
5.	Most children in England do not go to private schools, they go to_____________ ..	__________________________
6.	English schools have no numbers, they
7.	Parents do not pay for their children’s education
8.	English school year never begins
9.	In primary schools pupils usually don’t wear
but in secondary schools
10.	When primary school pupils are eleven, they go to
11.	The English school year has
terms.
12.	Classes are over at
24
13. Pupils go to school
days a week.
Unit
14. Pupils in English schools do
subjects
a week.
15. Lunch break usually lasts___________________________
Complete the text with the appropriate forms of the words on the right. It was autumn. The weather became (1) cold- cold er and the days (2)	. Anna	dark
(3)	to feel very tired. One day	begin
she (4)________________back home from school. walk
Suddenly she (5)	she couldn’t feel
stand it any longer. (6)	work at she
school was getting (7)	___________ and not i bad
(8)No matter what she good (9)	______________ there were a lot of ! do
(10)	in her tests and dictations. ' mistake
Use a/an, the or no article to complete these sentences.
1. The school in Apple Street is rather old. 2. My son is still at school, he is going to	college next year.
3. When do you go to _________ bed? 4. My favourite bed in
the country house is bed near the window. 5. Many families in the USA go to  church on Sundays.
о
C
s
churches are beautiful old buildings. 7. Our
6. Many
house is opposite ______ Baptist church. 8._______Church of
England is very important in Great Britain. 9. On Sundays I like to spend some time just lying in ______ bed. 10. When
John became ill, they took him to _______ hospital. 11. The
grey low building is not school, it’s hospital. 12. Where is Polly? — She is at work. 13. work they have done is really successful. 14. Nelly goes to school five days a week. 15. hospital where Doctor Far-rel works is not very famous.
VL__________________________I	......
Describe your first day at school. Write what you did on that day —	(8—10 sentences).
Я
Write what you did yesterday before classes, after classes and in class (10—12 sentences).
mnllllllilUUUUUUUMliliiUI
See if you know the right answer2.
1. In 1896, where were the first modern Olympics held? a) France
b)	the United States
c)	Greece
d)	Russia
2. Which is the
last letter of the Greek alphabet?
a) alpha b) beta
c) iota d) omega
3. Which is not
one of the five senses?
Unit
a) sight b) touch c) smell d) speech
4. Who painted The Last Supper?
a)	Leonardo da Vinci	d) Bellini
b)	Michelangelo	c) Raphael
1	Use a dictionary for this section
2	See the answers on page 29
5.	Which of these stories did Hans Christian Andersen write?
a)	Red Riding Hood
b)	The Ugly Duckling
c)	Puss-in-Boots
d)	The Boy Who Cried Wolf
Unit
The right answers are: 1. c, 2. c,
H. Andersen
3.	d, 4. a, 5. b.
Here are two jokes mixed up. Put the lines (a—g) in the appropriate order.
a)	“Yes, I did, Doctor, I counted to 362, 493.”
b)	“Very good, Billy. Who was the boy?”
c)	“No. It was time to get up.”
d)	“Well, Johnny, did you sleep last night? Did you count sheep?”
e)	“Me!”
f)	“On the way to school, a boy fell and everyone laughed. But I didn’t...”
g)	“And did you sleep then?”
Joke 1
Joke 2
The Language of the World
Listen to what the boy from Norway says about his trip to some European countries, (5)» ar)d decide which of the facts (1—7) are true (T), false (F) or not stated (NS).
Unit
1.	The speaker and his friends are classmates.
2.	The three friends are interested in football.
3.	The three friends went to Copenhagen to watch a football match.
4.	It took the friends about half an hour to find the Irish pub.
5.	The boys could hardly understand Danish1.
6.	The boys enjoyed their trip to Europe.
7.	English helped them in all European countries.
Danish ['demif] — датский
Listen, 10J (6), and decide which of the problems (1—5) Glenda Morrison, a linguist, doesn't speak about.
1.	It’s natural for people to have a “lingua franca”.
зо
Unit
2.	Some European languages were a kind of “lingua franca” at different times.
3.	People use English nowadays in different ,. areas of our lives.	I
4.	If your native language is dying out, you must try and keep it alive.
5.	Some people dislike the fact that English is becoming the global tongue.
Read the
[’folao] ['endlas] L nicnirj] ['dikfnari] [pn'fs:]
Read check,
the
words in transcriptions, then listen and check, @ (7).
[pra'naons] [vau'kaebjulari] [faen'taestik] [э:Я] [saund]
[prnbabli] ['ju:slas] [di'velap] [ad'redi] [tMj]
words, word combinations and sentences, then listen and (8).
a)	air, already, beginning, borrowing, carry, develop, dislike, even, ever, happening, meeting, speechless, children, borrow, need
b)	fresh air, a French borrowing, an unusual beginning, to carry a suitcase, to develop slowly, to dislike swimming, an awful story, to borrow a book, an endless meeting, a fantastic sound
с)	I have just finished doing my homework. Bob has read a fantastic book. There was a yellow balloon in the air. Sara has come to an important meeting. Can you pronounce this sound, please? I have taken an English dictionary from the library. They don’t know any foreign languages, so they speak their mother tongue. Could you follow me? He hasn’t read the letter yet. The student has pronounced the new words slowly.
C
Read the text and answer the questions after it.
My name is Kate and this summer, in August, I was at the International Camp in Germany, where I studied German. We lived in a small town of Stein [stain], which is situated in Bavaria [ba'vearia]. We lived in single or double rooms in the building of the castle. Most of the day we spent outside, where the weather was always warm and sunny.
id
1-
o
r > >
p > >
d
r
b —
n
11
t
On the second day the lessons started. My teacher’s name was Norbert, he lived in Bonn. The lessons were never boring — even when we studied grammar. Norbert always knew how to turn the rule into a game. Because there were people from many countries in my group, I was unable to speak Russian, and that helped my German greatly.
After school twice a week we had a special project lesson (for example: I helped to write a newspaper). The rest of the time we did fun activities. We did basketball, football, tennis, karate, learned how to do belly dancing, swam in the swimming pool, sunbathed, went to discos etc. Whatever we did, it was interesting.
We also visited the Alps and took in the fresh air. What I liked most about this trip were the cows, which I’ve never seen so close before.
We went to big cities twice: first to Salzburg ['saeltsbsrg] and then to Munich ['mju:mk]. They are really beautiful. In Salzburg we visited Mozart’s house, and in Munich — the German Museum, the section of space and air travel.
It was really important for me in Stein to talk to people from other countries. Because you don’t often talk to young foreigners in Moscow, do you? They were from the USA, England, Wales, France, Spain, Venezuela [yem'zweils], Hungary, Morocco, Croatia, Latvia, Lithuania and so on. But Russians won — 18 of 96 were from our country.
I really liked my journey; I met a lot of interesting and unforgettable people and probably became a little bit more daring1. I am sure that life in a foreign country makes people think in a different way. It makes them stronger and more understanding.
1 daring ['deanij] — отважный
1.	When was Kate at the International Camp?
2.	What did she do there?
32
Unit
3.	Where did the students live?
4.	What does Kate say about the lessons of German?
5.	Why couldn’t she speak Russian?
6.	How often did they have project lessons?
7.	What places in Germany did they visit?
8.	Why does Kate says “but Russians won”? What does she mean?
9.	Why did Kate like her journey?
10.	In what way has Kate changed?
Read the paragraphs (a—f) of the text and put them in the logical order.
Learning
a Language
ie
a)	“No wonder you can’t do your homework,” mama said. “You put it off until you’re too tired. You’ll never learn anything if you work like that.”
That was exactly what I felt and I began crying. “I do try,” I cried, “but I’m not able to learn French!”
“Of course you can do it,” said mama. “Look, if I help you...” But I shouted, “No.”
Mama smiled and said, “Well, I don’t think you’ll be able to do any homework today. I have to buy some fish for supper. Come with me and get some fresh air.”
b)	“All right,” I said. We stayed for a while longer because it was such a pleasant place to be.
“Nice to go out to tea with my daughter,” said mama at last and smiled. I smiled back.
The bill came and we understood there was not enough money left for fish, but it did not matter.
After this the work did not seem quite so bad.
c)	My name is Anna and I am living now in Paris which is a beautiful city. We moved here half a year ago. I go to a French school and have to learn French. I find it very difficult. And we usually have a lot of homework to do each day. History and geography teachers tell us to learn texts by heart and to write essays, we also do grammar exercises and all that in a language which I still don’t understand.
d)	We sat down at one of the little tables.
“Look,” said mama. “I know it’s difficult for you and I know you’re tired. But what can we do? We’re living in France and you have to learn French.”
“I get so tired,” I said, “and I’m getting worse instead of better. I think I’m just one of those people who can’t learn languages.”
“That’s nonsense, Anna,” mama said. “You have done very well so far. And you will learn French, I know you will. I’ll tell you what we’ll do. It’s only two months till Christmas. Will you try just once more? If you feel you still can’t manage by Christmas, we’ll do something
34
Unit

about it. I don’t quite know what, but I promise you I’ll think of something. All right?”
e) One evening in my room I was looking at my homework instead of doing it. I thought that my work was getting worse and worse. In class I often knew the answers, but it took me so long to translate them into French in my mind that it was usually too late to give them. I was really tired of trying. Suddenly mama came and looked at my exercise book. It was maths. There was only one word on the page — “Problems,” nothing more.
f) We walked down the street together without talking. There was a cake shop next to the fish shop. “We’ll go in here,” mama said to my surprise.
“I’ll have a cup of tea and you can have a cake; then we’ll have a talk.”
“Isn’t it too expensive?” I asked.	|
“We can buy one cake,” mama said.
1. C	2. _____ 3.	I
4.	5.	6.______ I
Read the text and complete it with the phrases (a—f).
a)	often last longer than sixty minutes
b)	like the air
c)	an American linguist
d)	except1 on very cold days
e)	people create languages	|
f)	and it is not from Guinea1 2
English Is a Crazy3 Language	g
Have you got any problems with English? Does it
sometimes seem too difficult or illogical? Richard Lede- ef
rer, (1)	, writes many inter
1 except [ik'sept] — кроме
2 Guinea ['gmi] — Гвинея
3 crazy ['kreizi] — сумасшедший, безумный
OU
•rk ng tut ny ras ed ne
en
Unit
it
e-
зг
esting things about his native language. Here are some of them.
Let’s face it — English is a crazy language, the most lunatic of all languages.
35 In the crazy English language, blackboards can be green or blue, and blackberries1 are green, then red and black only in the end.
There is no egg in eggplant1 2, no grape in grapefruit, and no room in mushroom, neither pine nor apple in pineapple3, and no ham in hamburger.
In this English tongue a guinea pig is not a pig (2) Language is (3)	we breathe —
we just use it. But when we take the time to listen to what we say, we find that hot dogs can be cold and we can do homework at school. Hours — especially rush hours — (4)	___________, and most bath-
rooms don’t have any baths in them but have showers. Why is it that a king rules a kingdom but a queen doesn’t rule a queendom?
If the plural of tooth is teeth, shouldn’t the plural of booth4 be beeth?
1 a blackberry ['bleekbari] — ежевика
2 an eggplant ['egpla:nt] — баклажан
3 a pineapple ['pamaepl] — ананас
4 a booth [bu:d] — будка

1 ’ nnffFWfflfll
If people make olive, what do they make baby oil from?
If hard is the opposite of soft, why is hardly not opposite of softly? If harmless actions are the opposite of harmful actions, why are shameful behaviour and shameless behaviour the same? Why are pricey1 objects less expensive than priceless ones?
Why is it that the Sun or the Moon or the stars are out, they are visible2, but when the lights are out, they are invisible3?
And in what other language can your nose run?
To tell the truth, all languages are a little crazy. That’s because (5)	_____________, not computers.
That’s why six, seven, eight and nine change to sixty, seventy, eighty and ninety, but two, three, four and five do not become twonty, threety, fourty and fivety. That’s why
we wear a pair of pants but, (6)	_________________,
not a pair of shirts. That’s why when I wind up4 my watch, I start it, but when I wind up5 a speech or an essay6, I end it.
1.	2.______ 3.
4	.	5.	6. _____

1	pricey ['praisi] — дорогой
2	visible ['vizabl] — видимый
3	invisible [m'vizabl] — невидимый
4	to wind up ['wamdftp] — подводить (о часах}
5	to wind up — зд.: заканчивать
6	an essay ['esei] — сочинение
te
ul
in
s.
io 1У
J ly s-
Speak about English as a global language, tions.
can hear English everywhere
•	English as a native tongue and as a foreign language
•	learn English at school
•	the English-speaking countries speak English as their everyday language
has a lot of borrowings from other languages
- the words French and one of the the world
• the language helping to stand people all over the
May I ask you something?
Have a good day!
How are you?
Use these word combina-
underworld
that came from
Latin richest languages of
I love it here.
Where are you from?
Speak about how English developed. Mention the following:
English in the 16th century (on the British Isles and on the continent);
•	the importance of English nowadays;
•	people’s wish to learn English.
Describe some place you have visited (in Russia or abroad). Mention: what place you have visited;
when it was;
• with whom you went there;
what places of interest you saw;
what you liked/disliked there;
if you used English during your journey.
Unit
Complete the dialogue and act it out in class.
Discussing a Future Career
Charlie: So, Linda, you have decided to go to university after school, (1) hovent you?
Linda: Yes. I think that a university is important nowadays.
Charlie: True, especially, if you are cer-
tain about the kind of education you want to get.
Linda: Oh, I’m sure of it. I would like to be a linguist.
So, you are interested in languages, (2)
Linda! Very much so.
But why (3)

Linda: Because languages are like living things, they grow and develop. Some words appear, some disappear. People begin to pronounce old words in different ways. Almost all languages change. English is also changing.
(4)
Linda: Yes, I’m going to study it scientifically.
Charlie: (5)
I mean that I would like to know when English ap-
peared, and how it has changed, how many people know or
learn it.
Charlie: Everybody knows the answer to the last question.
Linda: Do they? And (6)	__________________?
Charlie: People learn it everywhere and speak English all over the world. It’s the global language of our planet.

Comment on these proverbs and
sayings.
?
ow
эе-
all
You are a person as many times as the number of languages you know.
Who does not know another language does not know his own. (Goethe)1
English is a trap2 for a foreigner.
1. [tAij] — tongue
Unit
14
2.	['kaeri] —
3.	[рпТз:] —
4.	[pra'nauns]
5.	[spi:tj] —
6.	[probabli]
7.	[folao] —
8.	[greit] —
9.	[еэ] —
10.	[saund] —
11.	[ad'redi] —
12.	[i:vn] —
13.	[neva] —
14.	[divelap] —
15.	[ aunli] —
16.	['ealas] —
Use the new words from the box
to complete the sentences.
borrow, develop, even, only, maybe, prefer, probably, pronounce, speech, vocabulary
P-
or
1. Are only children really special? 2. My little cousin can
hardly
the sound [r)]. 3. Languages like people
are born, change,
and can die. 4. I had to
several rubles to pay for the dictionary, the
money I had wasn’t enough. 5. If you read a lot, your
dl
1 Goethe ['дз.1а] — Иоганн Вольфганг Гёте (1749—1832), немецкий поэт trap [traep] — ловушка
40
С
 becomes larger. 6. Do you_________________________
a strong cup of tea to a cup of coffee for breakfast? 7.______ I’ll start learning French next year but
I haven’t decided yet. 8. Mr Farrell’s  at the opening ceremony was successful. 9.	a child
knows that five coloured rings as an Olympic symbol mean the Earth’s continents. 10. ________________ yes, 
no,  rain, __________________________ snow.
Write American English words for these British nouns.
AmE
1.	trousers	pantS
2.	petrol	______
3.	lorry	______
4.	chips
5.	cinema	______
6.	film
7.	sweets
8.	lift 
9.	biscuit
10.	jumper	______
11.	pavement
12.	chemist’s
16
Choose the appropriate words in brackets to complete the sentences.
5t?
>ut
he
ild
an
1.	There are one thousand five hundred and twenty-eight pages in Longman (Dictionary/Vocabulary) Dictionary of
the English language. 2. Our physics teacher gave us test papers and asked us to hand them (in/out)   on Wednesday. 3. Could you hand (in/out)  these gifts
to the children after dinner? 4. Mrs Thompson looked
through my notes and handed them (back/out)  to
me. 5. “Rebecca, Mr Brian needs a Russian-English diction
ary. Can you hand it (out/over) ?” 6. Wherever we
go, Paul (borrows/follows)	us. 7. The pupil was
not sure (of/from)the word spelling. 8. They have
never been (in/to)  Japan. 9. My little cousin already has the (dictionary/vocabulary)	of 50—60
words. 10. The details of the future project are not clear. Would you like to talk them (in/over)	now?
Use the tences.
1. The
derivatives of the words on the right to complete the sen-
new show was really Colourful and im- colour
pressive.
2.	Mr Rogers stood	for several seconds, he	did not know what to
speech
simple
say.
3.	While reading, Gerald couldn’t pronounce several words correctly and the teacher asked
him to
the text.
read
Unit
4.	“Mike, you shouldn’t be that ____________ care
when you write	s. You have dictate
missed several words again!”
5.	Susan Scott is going to become a , she regularly goes to an art	paint
school.
6.	The sun was shining	in the bright
_____________blue sky.	cloud
7.	Professor Springle had a mixed	feel
of joy and sadness at their final	. meet
8.	They are	indeed to live on this luck
fantastic island.
9.	Mr Pullin saw rows of serious_______________smile
faces in front of him.
10.	Robert was a nice	boy.	friend
Complete the text with the derivatives of the words on the right.
In one of his stories Oscar Wilde said that the
Oscar Wilde
English have (1) really everything in common with (2)--------------------------s,
nowadays, except, of course, language. That was (3)
a joke. But
real
America
certain
speaking
(4)	, do the English and the
citizens of the USA speak the same language or (5)	languages? Their grammar sys-
tems are practically the same, lots of words are the same, but not all of them. The word “homely” in (6)	________________ English means
(7)	______and in American English —
not very good-looking. There is a whole (8) _____________ of such words. Sometimes the
same words have not the same (9) __________________
s. For example the verb “to guess” is “to think” in America. Yet, both the nations speak the same language — English.
Write out international words from the box.
serious
differ
Britain please
collect mean
house, foreigner, play, football, banana, word, grapefruit, orange, television, hockey, drama, paper, primadonna, tennis, import, again, faucet, cousin, coffee, medicine, physics, sports, vocabulary, motherland, language, avocado, book, golf, progress, school, revolution, tragedy, circus, philosophy, computer, bookcase, president, Internet
football
20
Use the following word combinations and write questions to ask your friends.
44
C
• if they have ever done it (to paint pictures, to play the piano, to run a marathon)
if they have done it this week (to ring their grandparents, to take some pictures, to visit a picture gallery)
- if they have done it this month (to be to the theatre, to give a talk in English, to begin doing morning exercises)
1. Have you ever painted a picture?

5.
rour	Write which of these Russian cities
ly have visited and what cities you
you and the members of your fami-haven’t been to.
1. Moscow
2. St Petersburg
3. Rostov
4. Vologda
5. Smolensk
6. Omsk
7. Vladivostok
8, Tver
1.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

Write what Alice could say about these things. Use your Social English.
1.	She likes the film very much. — I think the film is fantastic.
2.	She didn’t like the hockey match at all. — ________________
3.	She never eats porridge. —
4.	She never drinks milk.
5.	She sometimes watches TV, but not often. Most of the programmes are not interesting. — _____________________________
6.	She visits rock concerts whenever rock groups give them. —
5
7.	She goes to the swimming pool five days a week. —
8.	She goes to any place by car.
47
9.	She has five pets at home. —
10.	She doesn’t live in town any more. She has moved to the
Unit
country.
I Write the three forms of these verbs.
1.	делать	did	done
2.	писать
3.	бежать
4.	говорить
5.	брать
6.	становиться
7.	начинать
8.	падать	
9.	есть
10.	читать
11.	звонить
12.	видеть	I
13.	быть	|	।	!
14.	давать	'	'	’
1МНННМНВН1111ЯЯ1Н11тЯЯЯЯттППППТттттп'" ..........................тт ^угтттгп 4Hin!rmfWWIWI
Ц5 Make these sentences negative. Add the word yet to complete them.
1.	We have written Exercise Ten. — We haven't written Exercise Ten yet.
2.	He has learned the poem by heart. —
3.	I have given an apple to my sister.
4.	She has taken the books from Room Six.
5.	You have spoken to your English teacher.
6.	Grace has decided where to go.
7.	We have borrowed some money from my granny.
8.	She has read “Gulliver’s Travels”.
9.	They have been to the bank.
10.	I have eaten my breakfast. —

Unit
Look at the pictures and write
I
b) to what countries he has not been



c) in what seas he hasn’t swum
d) to what rivers and lakes he hasn’t swum
Volga	Baikal	Ob
e) what dishes he hasn’t eaten
;?r	гт г . • “———v————r—,j ’ • •• • 4М^ШЙ№М11^ВЯ1Й1М|£мМи5н1В1|Ав355мВ1111В11м5иЗЕ^*	*	-	шг. >-,л> Лч>._	. .. -WW>« J»VS?^	ife^-j.eietawi  :3i^r---^-'--.i^, £'^£ i?,	’’if* ,“ <'''- "•**  •--1*. яййь. 
. ^========2SSS5T		**r-“ — -* •*	• и^чзВ^'Лег’	•' “ ‘ly1;
	'’	•	l|
*^ЧИвИЙЯИвИИЦИИВИ1вЯ1^^*'	1	*  Ц яйи	‘ ЯЬ ’	-** ~ЧиЛП^/,^-.>	-. ".	-ww,’. «Ов^л;	-	...	* —я пн мвгш ». . -	. ...	^*^ш**^*^**г!ЧмвИИИвйВй^вИЙв.	* -iSSuST’-" \’v	-’'Т^МИ
Wl—UM—  -<йа^л-х.«4Мв^.	^ммвНЙа^Ц^^^В^р	*•**• •**•*	/	• - ”  Зё®*Э8й^
	
Ли»*». •	|	
f) what languages he has spoken
English
Italian
French
3.______________________________________________________
Write questions and ask your friend to answer them. You want to know if he/she:
Unit
1.	has spoken to his/her maths teacher — Have you Spo-
ken to your maths teacher?
2.	has eaten his lunch — _______
3.	has ever fallen from his/her bike —
4.	has done his/her homework
5.	has ever swum in the ocean
6.	has begun doing the project —
7.	has read “War and Peace” by Leo Tolstoy —
8.	has rung his/her parents
9.	has handed out the test papers
10.	has run the 100-metres race1
Unit
11.	has been to the Bolshoi Theatre —
12.	has seen Red Square — ___________________________________
Write questions to the underlined words.
1.	I have been to Africa two times. — How ГПапу times have you been to Africa?
2.	Helen has seen some European cities. —	_____________
3.	George has carried three bags downstairs. —
4.	Chris has done his room very well. —
5.	They have borrowed a lot of money. — ______________
6.	The Browns have moved to a three-room flat because their old flat is too small. —
7.	They have eaten the whole cake. —
8.	They have written a very sad letter. —
1	a race [reis] — соревнование по бегу, забег
Rewrite the sentences using the adverbs in brackets in the appropriate places.
1.	I have used this information in my lectures (never). —
I have never used this information in my lectures.
2.	We have washed our jeans (already). —
Unit
ies
3.	He has decided to take chicken and rice (just).
4.	He has not planted any flowers (yet).
5.	Have they been to the museum (already)?
6.	Have they spoken to their parents (yet)?
se
=:	7. Has Linda seen mountains (ever)? — 
8.	I have eaten Greek food (never).
9.	You have come back (just).
10.	She has cleaned the windows (already).
29
Look at the pictures and write what they wanted to be as children and what they have become.
1. Bob
\s children
Unit
2. Davis
3. Greg
4. Helen
5. Tracy
7. Alice
6. Robert
8. Steven
They have become
1. As a child Bob wanted to be a doctor but he
has become a painter.
2.____________________________
Use already or yet to make up questions and write them down.
1.	You want to know if your friend has already finished packing his bag.
You ask: Have you finished packing__your bag yet?
2.	You can’t believe your eyes. Your friend has already finished packing his bag.
You ask: __________ ________ __________________________
3.	You ask your sister to wash up after dinner. In ten minutes you want to know if she has already done it.
You shout from the bedroom:
4.	You ask your sister to wash up after dinner and leave. In ten minutes you come back and see that your sister
Unit
is playing some computer game. You want to know if she has already washed up.
You ask:
5.	Your brother is doing his homework. You know that he has a lot of exercises to write. In 20 minutes he says he is going for a walk. You want to know if he has already done everything.
You ask:___________________________________________
6.	Your cousin is cleaning the windows in your country house. There are 5 windows in it. In half an hour she sits down in the armchair and begins watching TV. You want to know if she has cleaned all the windows.
You ask: ___________________________________________________
7.	Your friend is not sure what to take for dinner in the restaurant. You want to know if she/he has already decided what to take.
You ask:______________________
8.	You want to know if your friend has already seen the new film.
You ask:
9.	You are surprised that your friend has so quickly learned the poem by heart. You want to know if she/he has already done it.
You ask:	_________________________________
10.	You are interested if your parents have already given the book to your teacher.
You ask:
Look at the table and write what rooms Brenda has done.
Chidren’s TV room Dining Kitchen Hall room !	room
clean not very clean clean i clean clean
Parents’	Sitting	Play room Bathroom	Father’s
bedroom room	j	. study
not very	clean	not very	clean	clean
clean	; clean
т if
he
:ays al-
try she fou
the de-
the
kly 'he
en
1.	Brenda has done the children's room.
2.	
3.	 ______________________________________________________________
4.	_______________________________________________________________
5.	_____________________________________________________________
6.	______ __________ _ ..
7.	_______________________________________________________________
Use a/an or no article to complete these sentences.
1. I have just read such an interesting book! 2. It is such clear water! 3. Penguins are such ______________ funny animals!
4. Jane has become such good actress! 5. We have never been to such _______ expensive restaurant. 6. They have
never seen such   tall building. 7. It was such   unusual meeting. 8. Richard has given me such   tasty sweets. 9. His was such endless speech! 10. It is such
 vast territory. 11. You can do nothing with such children. 12. It is such________big money! 13. This is such
___ helpful information. 14. We are having such___________________ lovely weather today! 15. It is such lovely autumn day! Complete the dialogues using the verbs in brackets in the appropriate forms.
1. — You ever (be) to France? — Have you ever been to France?
— Yes. I	_____________________________
— When you (be) there? —	?
Unit
- I (be)
there last summer.
With whom you (be) there? — 
I (be)
there with my class.
2. — You ever (play) tennis?
Yes. I
— When you (do) it? —
— I (play)_________	tennis a month ago.
— Where you (play) it? —
— I (play)__________________it in our sports club.
3. — You (visit) the local art gallery? —
Yes, I  . Why you (go) there? —? They say the new collection of Italian portraits (be) 	very interesting.
When you (be) there?
I (be)
there only yesterday.
Write why learning English is important and where you can use it (8—10 sentences).
Unit
Write what people can do to master1 the foreign language they are learning. What are you doing (8—10 sentences)?
to master ['ma:sts] — улучшить
36
60
Just for Fun
See if you know the right answer1.
1.	What does the Greek
a)	fire
b)	air
prefix pyro- mean? c) water d) land
2.	What does
a) air, gas b) fly
the Greek prefix aero- mean?
c) more
d) none of the above
3.	What does the prefix re- mean?

a) to do something twice c) to change what you’ve done b) to do something again d) none of the above
4.	What does the Greek prefix hyper- mean?
a)	too small	c) too bright
b)	too slow	d) too much
5.	What does the prefix octo- mean?
a)	having ten parts	c) having eight parts
b)	having nine parts	d) having seven parts
The right answers are: 1. a, 2. a, 3. b, 4. d, 5. c.
Here are three jokes mixed up. Put the lines in the appropriate order.
a)	“Yes, Dad, I know that. But when he was your age he was President of the United States.”
b)	“Ugh! This coffee tastes like soap.”
c)	“It’s so bad, last night they caught a mouse trying to phone out for a pizza.”
d)	“That must be tea, the coffee tastes like glue.”
e)	“You know, my boy, when Lincoln was your age he was a very good pupil. In fact, he was the best pupil in his class.”
f)	“How’s food in your school canteen?”
Joke 2
4 oke 3
See the answers on page 60.
J n i t rjj.r uu
Some Facts about the English-Speaking World
?r.
he
Listen to the text about New Zealand, (9), and match its five paragraphs with their titles (a—f). There is one title you don't have to use.
a)	New Zealand Nowadays
b)	Some Pages of the Country’s History
c)	Different from All Other Places of the World
d)	The Land of the Maori
e)	Geographical Position of the Country
f)	Climate of the Country
Tasman Sea
Australo
Stewart Island
I 1 I
• Wellington
Pacific
Ocean
Unit
Extra
to
Listen to the text about Canada, ф (10), and decide which of the following is not mentioned in it.
1.	The size of the country.
zas
his
2.	The country’s geographical position.
3.	Some animals living on the territory of the country.
4.	A place of natural beauty in Canada.
5.	Some old Indian traditions.
6.	The country’s two big cities.
Reading

and
['vaeli] ['empti] [di'zi:z] [i'kidna] ['dezat]
Read the words in transcriptions, then listen and check, tij (11).
[bra:ntj] [ju:ka'liptas] [la:f]
[plem]
['p3:fikt]
[m'kredabl] [stretj] [sa'praizd] ['frendli] [dja'paen]
Read the geographical names, then listen and check, a (12).
Alaska the the the the the the the
Washington, D.C.
Texas
Appalachians Colorado Grand Canyon Great Plains Mississippi Niagara Falls Rockies
Australia
Canberra
Great Australian Reef
Melbourne
Perth
Sydney
Uluru Rock
Other Places
China
Japan Vietnam
Read the words, word combinations and sentences, then listen check, <j) (13).
a)	laughter, flow, womanly, Frenchman, coast, empty, border, destroy, lately, leaves, ugly, suddenly, emu, chain, duckbill, journey
b)	the border between two countries, a chain of mountains, situated on the coast, to flow into the ocean, to look perfect, to stretch as far as the eye can see, a desert island, an empty territory, a journey home, to begin suddenly, to my great surprise
c)	Lucy wants to have a room of her own. Suddenly we heard a loud laughter coming from the nearby house. Our long journey was full of surprises. They have lately been to Japan with a friendly visit. From the top of the mountain the valley looks incredible. He liked to look at autumn leaves when they were falling to the ground. The children have always wanted to visit the land of koalas and eucalyptus trees. An endless desert was stretching in front of our eyes. They destroyed the old market and built several houses in its place. Into what sea does this river flow?
с
Read the text and complete it with the phrases (a—f).
a)	to countries all over the world
b)	in warm dry places
c)	do not work in factories or on farms
d)	grow a lot of wheat
e)	are situated mostly in the drier parts
f)	it is less hot
Australia
and
)or-lin,
ns, эок
is-ud-
we se. ely ;he
at 'he las in nd lis
Australia is a rich country and life there is good. Where does its money come from? Sheep, cattle1, minerals, wheat, fruit, and wine are some of the answers.
Sheep have been important since the earliest days. Most Australian sheep are Spanish merinos. They appeared in Australia in 1797. Merinos are strong animals and live happily (1)	. Now twenty per cent of the world’s sheep
live in Australia, mainly in the states New South Wales and Victoria. Twenty-five per cent of the world’s wool comes from there.
Cattle stations (2)	of the north and centre. The
meat from Australian cattle goes (3)___________
Gold made Australia rich in the 19th century. The country also has oil, silver and other minerals. They bring lots of money. But digging for minerals often destroys the land. The states Western Australia and New South Wales (4) ________. They sell it to the USA, China and Japan.
Australia grows other kinds of food too. In Queensland, the
cattle [’kaetl] — рогатый скот
state in the east of the country, they grow bananas. Fur-
ther south, where (5)	, apples appear. And in re-
cent years Australia has been making very good wine too. But Australia is like many other modern countries, because now most of its workers (6)	. Two-thirds of them
Unit
work in shops, offices, banks or schools.
1. ______ 2.	3.
4._______ 5. _________________________ 6.
Father of the Waters
a)	Mark Twain was in love with the great river. He even took his pen name from the call of the men on the boats. They cried “mark twain” when they wanted to say that the river was deep enough for their boats and safe for sailing. Now we can still see steamboats on the Mississippi River. They look very much like the steamboats in the pictures of Mark Twain’s books.
b)	A lot of big and important American cities are situated on the Mississippi’s banks. Memphis, the third largest city in the country, is one of them. Thousands of tourists come here to visit Elvis Presley’s home. Elvis Presley was one of the icons of the 20th century. He made rock’n’roll music very popular. The musician died in
Fur-ri re-DO. jause them
>gical
1977, but there are people who still call him the greatest rock singer of all time.
c)	Hannibal is a lot smaller than Memphis. In fact, it is just a little town on the Mississippi River, but its name is familiar to Americans and people in other countries. Young Sam Clemens (Mark Twain) lived here from 1844 till 1853. He copied many of his characters from the boys and girls he knew when he was a child. Mark Twain’s house is now a museum, and across the street is the house of his sweetheart, Laura Hawkins. She became the model for Becky Thatcher in his famous book about Tom Sawyer and his adventures.
d)	After travelling all the way through the United States the great Mississippi ends in the Gulf of Mexico. This is the place where New Orleans ['odianz] is situated. This city is the home of jazz music and one of the most incredible places in the US. First it was a French city. French culture is still here — in the style of cooking, old buildings and some traditions. In New Orleans they still celebrate the old French festival of Mardi Gras. During this spring festival people dress in beautiful costumes, sing and dance in the streets.
e)	The Mississippi River is the most important river in the United States. Its name means “Father of the Waters”. Native Americans gave the river this name long, long ago. The name shows their respect for the great size and the power of the river. The Mississippi is 3,778 km long and flows from the US state of Minnesota to the Gulf of Mexico. In the place where the river begins it is so narrow that you can walk across it in 15 steps. But its water is very clear and cold. By and by the river becomes wider and more powerful.
Unit
pen the say afe lis-ats
1. ______ 2. ___________________________ 3.
Read the text and mark the sentences after it as true (T), false (F) or not stated (NS).
ted est ires-de in
Jackson Hole
Jackson Hole is a beautiful valley situated in the state of Wyoming, USA. The place got its name from David Jack-son, a traveller and a hunter, who once lived there. His friends called it Jackson Hole because it really looked like a hole in the middle of the mountains.
Jackson Hole is a popular holida. place. In summer months, people go there to walk in the mountains, ride horses, go fishing and boating on the rivers and lakes. Many visitors cross the valley in boats on the Snake River. It turns from side to side, like a snake. The water in the river moves very fast and you have to be brave to travel on it.
Jackson Hole still keeps its Old West traditions. There are shops with cowboy hats and boots and cafes which look like saloons of the American West. Holidaymakers can ride horses or go to a rodeo [rau'dei] to see traditional competitions. The rodeo usually begins with a parade of cowboys and horses. Then comes the competition. Riders try to stay on a wild animal for eight seconds. They also ride wild horses and large bulls [bulz]. The animals try to throw the cowboys to the ground. The riders try not to fall off. Another thing that cowboys do is throwing a rope around a young cow’s legs. The cowboy who does this in the shortest time wins.
People come to Jackson Hole from all over the world to enjoy the best of cowboy and mountain culture.
1.	It was David Jackson who gave the valley its name.
2.	There are a lot of things people can enjoy doing in Jackson Hole.
3.	The Snake River is the longest in Wyoming.
4.	It is easy to sail along the Snake River.
5.	Horses help people to win in a rodeo.
6.	Visitors from abroad come to Jackson Hole for holidays.
Speak about the USA. Mention:
• the country’s geographical position;
~ the country’s relief (mountains, plains, lakes and rivers);
the climate;
some places of interest;
•	some cities (including New York - people and their traditions.
Speak about Australia. Mention:
•	the country’s geographical position;
•	the climate and nature in different parts of the country;
-	some places of interest in Australia;
	the Australian Aborigines;
•	some cities (including Canberra);
•	some of Australian curious birds
and Washington, D.C.);
and animals.
Work in pairs. Make up a dialogue and act it out.
-	You and your good friend have won at the city contest of photographs. Your prize is a trip to the USA or Australia. You have to decide which of the two countries to choose. Both of you are interested in taking pictures of natural objects and want to travel together. Talk about where to go. Give different arguments. Try to come to some decision.
Complete the dialogue and act it out.
A: My greatest wish is to see the world. I’d like to go travelling.
B: Really? (1)
A:	To some English-speaking country. I’ve already heard a lot about them, so I’d like to see them with my own eyes.
B:	It’s a very good idea. (2) 
A:	I think I’ll go to Australia first.
B:	(3) ----------------------------------------------------
A: Because it is such an unusual country.
Say as much as you can about the places of interest in English-speaking countries.
Comment on the following proverbs.
A thing of beauty is a joy for ever. • So many countries, so many customs.
Spell these words.
1. [brcrntj] — branch
2.	[kaust] —_________________
3.	[di'z3:t] — _________________________
4.	[di'zfcz] — _______________
5.	[ju:ka'liptas] — 
6.	['фз:ш] — ---------------------------
7.	[li:vz] — ___________________________
8.	['lazfta] — _________________________
10.	[plem] — ________________________
11.	['sevral] —______________________
12.	['sAdnli] — _____________________
13.	[sa'praiz] — 
14.	['vaeli] — ______________________
15.	[лдН] - -------------------------
Complete the sentences with the
derivatives of the words on the right.
Doing sport gives you a shapely body
shape
and a lot of energy.
2.
That day Anna looked
in her
love

new light blue dress.
Have you ever tried real
tea?
China
The place where we arrived was
beautiful.
incredible
5.
To fight with girls is not
man
paintings look very different
from
Japan
Europe
7. The woman had a
face and kind
the children decided to ask her for help.
8.	Mark Twain is one of the most popular writers.
America
9.	This mighty river flows _____________ ! slow
through the plain.	j
10.	The ________ Sea is a part of the Norway
Arctic Ocean.
Complete the text with the derivatives of the words on the right.
The early (1) Europeans in America lived Europe
on the East Coast. To the west, behind the line they called the “Frontier”, the land was full of (2) _________ dangers.
It was the land of (3) ___________s, or Na-
tive Americans. The pioneers moved farther and farther west until they reached the Pacific Ocean and the frontier was there no longer. But the idea of the land of
(4)	_ _ ____________cowboys and brave
(5)	_s became part of the
(6)	 dream. A lot of people
still believe that if you are strong and (7)	, you can go to the land of
(8)		 plains and (9)________________________
mountains and find your (10)________________
know
India
man
hunt America
skill
end, rock happy
there.
These sentences have factual mistakes. Rewrite the sentences to make them correct.
1.	Washington, D.C. is a city of skyscrapers. — New
York is a city of skyscrapers.
2.	The aborigines are the native people of America. —
3.	Most of Australians live in the north of the country.
70
Unit
4.	The Grand Canyon is situated in the Appalachian Moun-
tains. —___________________________________________________
5.	New York is the capital of the USA. — 
6.	Sydney is the capital of Australia. —
7.	One of the Australian animals whose babies come from eggs is a koala. — __________________________________________
8.	The USA borders on Canada in the south and on Mexico in the north. — __________ ________________________________
9.	Death Valley is the lowest and the coldest place in the
USA. —___________________ _________________'_____________
10.	One of the most beautiful things you can see on the
Great Plains of the US is the Uluru Rock. —


19
Complete the sentences with the appropriate function words.
1. Yesterday our teacher gave out some pictures and asked us to describe them in English. 2.the southeast Russia borders  China. 3. We all laughed the funny cartoon. 4. Young children must travel only  the back of the car. 5. I know how difficult it is to do sport but, please, don’t give . Sport is good your health. 6. When I asked my question, he looked  me  surprise. 7. The secret room was situated the back of the house. 8. I took out the key but _ my surprise the door was open. 9. The Mississippi River flows the Gulf of Mexico. 10. I always give books to the library 
time.
71
Choose the correct words to complete the sentences.
1. Many rivers (fly/flow) flow into the Pacific Ocean.
2. The volcano lava (flew/flowed)  down the hill. 3. The beautiful birds (were flying/ were flowing)
over the water. 4. They (flew/flowed)
to Sydney early in the morning. 5. (May-
be/May be)  we can listen to this song
again, it’s lovely. 6. They (maybe/may be)
the most friendly people I’ve ever met. 7. Jane says she (maybe/may be)	a little late for the begin-
ning of the show. 8. (Maybe/May be)
the
story will surprise you but everything I’m going to say is
true.
Match the words in the two columns to complete the sentences.
Unit
1.	incredible |
2.	great
3.	laughed
4.	several i
5.	pleasantly i
6.	southeast
7.	lonely I
8.	autumn
1. We went to
a)	road
b)	coast
c)	surprised
d)	journey
e)	loudly
f)	leaves
g)	surprise
h)	times
East Africa and
and use the word combinations
incredible .Journey
believe me, it was an in-
credible journey. 2. They lived on the______________ ________
________ of Florida enjoying the sunshine and the ocean. 3. They brought some colourful ________________________________
from the park to decorate the living room. 4. When I showed Colin my pictures, he___________	but
said nothing. 5. To my _____________________________ they gave
us everything we asked for. 6. Everyone feels uncomfort-
able on a	at night. 7. I’ve seen
this film___________	, it’s one of my favourite. 8. They were 	 to find that
the hotel was so comfortable.
Use the definite article with the geographical names where necessary.
1. the Appalachian Mountains
9. ___Lake Badwater
2.	Potomac River
3.	 Melbourne
4.	_ Grand Canyon
5.	 Hawaii
10.		___ Alaska
11.	_ Uluru Rock
12.		 USA
13.	____ Australia
Unit
6.	Sahara Desert
7.	Rockies
8.__________ Colorado River
14.    Death Valley
15. ____ Atlantic Ocean
Complete the text with the articles a or the where necessary.
(1) The Dead Sea is really not (2) _________________ sea at all,
but (3)  salty lake. It’s nine times saltier than the ocean. (4) _____________ Dead Sea is three million years
old. There is no life in (5)  Dead Sea: its water is too salty for (6)  fish or (7) __ plants to live. (8)  Dead Sea is (9)	lowest
place on earth. It’s very deep. Its depth is 378 metres. Salt crystals are everywhere on (10) ______________ shore, they look
like (11)  : ice. Water flows into (12)__________________________
Dead Sea from several rivers, but does not flow out. (13) ______ climate of this territory is sunny and
dry. It has 330 full days of (14) ____________________ sunshine
(15) ________ year.
Complete this verb chart.
1. think
thought
thought
думать
sent
4. fight
5.
built
taught
found
9. drive
10.
left
spent
встречать
приносить
ломать
Choose the right verb forms to complete the sentences.
1. It’s the first time Mark (drove/has driven) hGS driven such a wonderful car. 2. When (did you give/have you given) -----:---------- the book back to your teacher? 3. Mr
Jackson (chose/has chosen)	a present for
his daughter just now. 4. They (never thought/have never thought)------	about leaving this place. 5. Enemies (destroyed/have destroyed)	the castle
many years ago. 6. Miss Philips (never laughed/has never laughed)____________at her pupils in her whole life.
7. Dad (just taught/has just taught)
me to
8. It (got/has got)
fish.
hour
ago. It’s time to go
(found/have found)
denly
wanted to visit. 10. Mary
her lunch, she
Use the verbs in brackets in
1. I (meet) met Linda
now. She was
just
She likes it a
this story.
a new dictionary the
(buy)
it. 4. Colin (just break)
is already using
why he
his bike. That’s
6
the right tenses — past
second time
teacher. 2. It’s the

do)
dark about an
home. 9. The other day we sud-
the museum we
(just had/has just had)
isn’t hungry any more.
Chinese
75
simple or present
talking
to our
Sally
(read)
lot. 3.
Jason
other day. He
looks so sad. 5. My sister (eat)
food several times, but I (never
6. It’s the first
time he (spend)
a month at the sea. He
loved it. 7.
The
other day we (find)
lovely cafe
and
(have)
tea there. 8. Some years ago
the
family (have)
a small cottage at the
sea-
side. 9. The children (already leave)
home
they are on their way to school.
10. My friend (send)
they (hear)
me several e-mails
today. 11. That day
the good news and (go)
home at once.
12. Sam (not tell)
ММ
us about his plans yet. I think he’ll do it later.
Complete the sentences with gone or been.
1. Where is your grandad? — He has just gone to visit his friend. 2. They haven’t________________to
Australia yet, they are planning to
Unit
go there in the spring. 3. Where has Anna
I don’t know. She may be in the market. 4. They’ve
just
to Hawaii. Ask them about the place.
5. Has she ever _________ to an English-speaking coun-
try? 6. My brother isn’t at home. He’s
to the
swimming pool. 7. All my classmates have
to
the Pushkin Museum, but I haven’t. 8. Luke has just
out. Please call him back later. 9. The family
has
abroad on holiday. They’ll be back home
in September. 10. Have you ever
to Lake Bai-
kal? You should go there one day.
Use the articles a/an or the to complete the sentences.
1.	Among the tourists there was fl Canadian and two Americans. The Canadian spoke English and French.
2.	_____ Japanese are a very hard-working nation. 3. He was Englishman but lived in Spain most of his life.
4.	The say that  French know a lot about good food and cooking. 5. Is your friend _____ Chinese? — No, she is
 Vietnamese. 6. _____ Chinese have a very interesting
old culture. 7. Mike was _______ Australian but everybody
thought that he was _______ American. 8. He said he was
____ German, not  Austrian.

НИ Complete the sentences as in the example.
1. Most of the Americans live in America and speak English. 2. Most of	live in Germany and
speak 3. Most of ___________________________________ live in
England and speak	. 4. Most of
_______live in	and speak Norwegian.
5. Most of  live in and
speak	Japanese. 6.	Most	of	the British	people	live in
	 and speak_________________________7. Most of the___________________________________________Italians live	in _ and	speak
. 8.	Most	of _________________live	in Rus-
sia and speak	_ . 9. Most of_________________
live in _______________ and speak Vietnamese. 10. Most of
the Australians live in	and speak
Unit
Complete the sentences the right.
with the appropriate forms of the words on
1. It is the first
time James has been
one, be
abroad. Let’s ask him what he feels.
2. Autumn has come. The
are
leaf
beginning to fall off the trees.
3. It is the
building I’ve ever
incredible
seen.
4. Where are the Wilsons?
They
spend
their holidays at the seaside.
5.	This time Jane’s laughter was	____
than before.
6.	When I saw James last, he _________________
his favourite book.
7.	My	friend is Kate, but I
love Anna and Nina too.
8.	Melbourne was the	city they
visited in Australia.
9.	My cousin is learning _____________ , he
can already say a few phrases in it.
10.	Oslo is the	capital, it’s a
great place to visit.
kindly
read
good
three
China
Norway
Complete the text with the appropriate forms of the
words on the
right.
The Maori people are the original people of New Zealand where they settled about 1000 years ago. When Captain Cook and
his (1) 1ИвП arrived in New Zealand in
1642, they (2)
there tall, strong
man
meet
people with brown skin and tattooed bodies.
They were (3)
hunters and sol-
good
-

diers than the Europeans but they were also warm and friendly people. They lived in wooden houses and had wooden boats. They (4) ____________ birds and (5)_______________
and (6) ____________ sweet potatoes for food.
The Europeans (7)	guns, ciga-
rettes and diseases that were new to the Maori, and many of (8)_________ died.
Today, most Maori (9) _______	their
lifestyle but Maori culture is still very strong. Many schools teach Maori language and train the children in the ways of (10) grandfathers.
catch, fish
grow
bring
they
change
they
79
Unit
Read the text "The Lion Country" and write 10 questions you would like to ask to know more about the country.
The Lion Country
The Republic of Singapore [,sirja'po:] is a small island nation in Southeast Asia. Singapore is also the name of the country’s biggest island and its capital city. A legend says that a prince named the island Singapura, meaning “lion city”, because he thought he saw a lion there.
2.
3.
4.
Unit
10.
- 7 Your friend has just come back from Australia. Write 10 questions you may ask him/her.
1.	You want to know if he/she liked the country. — bid
you like Australia?
2.	You want to ask what places he/she visited and if he/
she liked them.
3.	You are interested in what the weather was like at the time of his/her visit. —
4.	You’d like to know what Australian birds and animals
he/she saw. —	___ _____________ _	_	______
5.	You want to ask if the people were friendly.
6.	It is also interesting to know if he/she met any native
Australians and what they were like. — 
7.	You’d like to know if Australian English is very different from British English. — 
81
C

8.
9. ________
10. _______________________________
Write a letter or an e-mail to your pen friend. Explain to him/her why it is important for people from different countries to know each other better.
on n . .	..... & t

82
Unit
See if you know the right answer1.
1.	What causes a volcano to erupt?
a) magma c) dust
b) water
d) none of the above
2.	Which holiday in the US do they celebrate on the fourth Thursday of November?
a) Thanksgiving Day c) Christmas Day
b) d)
New Year’s Day
Flag Day
3.	W’hich is the second
a) Pacific
c) Indian
largest ocean in the world? b) Atlantic
d) Arctic
4.	Who explored the South Pacific in the 1700s?
a) Magellan	b) Christopher Columbus
c) James Cook	d) Roald Amundsen
5. Where is Grand Canyon National Park? a) Texas	b) California
c) Arizona	d) Florida
The right answers are: 1. a, 2. a, 3. b, 4. c, 5. c.
36
Here are three jokes mixed up. Put the lines in the appropriate order.
2 a) “Yes, sir, they’re not very good swimmers.”
b) “Well just eat the cheese and leave the holes on the side of your plate.”
c) “Sit down, sir — we serve anyone.”
d) “Waiter, there’s a dead beetle in my soup.”
e) “Waiter, do you serve crabs?”
f) “I don’t like cheese with holes.”
Joke 2
Joke 3
1. 1. 1.
1 See the answers on page 82.
шипи
Unit
Living Things Around Us
Listen to the text about New Zealand, r^) (14), and decide which of the facts (1—6) are true (T), false (F) or not stated (NS).
6. The kakapo parrot
in New Zealand.
Listen, a (15), and decide
Unit
1. The kauri1 is the main material to build houses in New Zealand.
2. Kauri trees grow in North Island.
3.	There are a lot of wooden houses in Wellington.
4.	All kauri trees have names.
5.	The kakapo parrot lives only in New Zealand.
weighs more than any other bird
which of the facts is not
stated in the text.
1.	Kiwi birds are not very big birds.
2.	For a long time kiwi birds did not have any enemies on the land where they lived.
3.	Kiwi birds are disappearing.
4. The kiwi is the bird that is the symbol of New Zealand.
1 the kauri ['kauari] — название известного новозеландского вида деревьев
5. It is not easy to see kiwi birds because of their colour.
6. It is possible to say that kiwi birds are night birds.
transcriptions, then listen and check, (16).
[bri:6] ['breikabi] ['kjuarias] [I'spefali] ['rem(ft>nst]
[twin] [in'klurdirj] [da'mestik] ['murvabl] [,saian'tifik]
['simila] [sa'part] [’relativ] ['speifas] [hard]
Read the names of animals and plants
and the word combinations
with them, then listen and check, <-J) (17).
a)	an ape, a beetle, a blackbird, a butterfly, a monkey, a caterpillar, a dragonfly, an insect, a ladybird, a lizard, a magpie, a nightingale
b)	a strong ostrich, a wise owl, a funny penguin, a white-and-brown pigeon, a tiny robin, a noisy seagull, a long snake, a grey starling, a fast swallow, a hard-working woodpecker, a white moth
c)	a beech, a bluebell, a daffodil, an elm, a lily, a water lily, an oak, a pine, a shamrock, a sunflower, a thistle
d)	a tall beech, an old pine, a fantastic lily, a wonderful bluebell, a strong oak, a water lily in the pond, spring yellow daffodils, tall elms in the forest, under the pine, sunflowers in the field
Read the words, word combinations and sentences, then listen and check, <$> (18).
a)	another, human, close, enjoyable, everyone, fur, hide, including, similar, someone, soil, species
b)	a twin brother, to be close to the relatives, to be curious about plants growing in rainforests, including insects, especially domestic animals, common birds, similar problems, a spacious office, to breathe in deeply, an unusual species
c)	He has paid for all of us. We have never had anything in common. Pirate Jack has hidden the money, no one will be able to find it. Different species of animals live in rainforests. Her parents supported her till she was
twenty-one. A narrow river flows down this beautiful valley. We have been to Canada but never to any other English-speaking countries.
Read the text and mark the sentences after it as true (T), false (F) or not stated (NS).

Charles Darwin: How It All Began
At the age of 19, Charles Darwin went to Cambridge University to study religion, but he didn’t like it. He didn’t spend much time on books, what he loved to do was collecting beetles.
Finally, something happened to Charles that changed his life. A friend invited him on an expedition on his ship the Beagle. Without any clear idea about what he wanted to do with his life, Charles joined the expedition.
The voyage began on the 27th of December, 1831. It was a five-year expedition to incredible faraway places. Charles was not really a scientist and he felt terribly seasick but he still had a wonderful time on his voyage. He had a great chance to study lots of plants and animals.
When the Beagle arrived at the Cape Verde [v3:d] Islands in the Atlantic Ocean, Charles saw a tropical forest for the first time in his life. And he was surprised by the great number and variety of animal species. He started to collect butterflies, spiders, beetles, shells — he loved everything. Charles decided to become a scientist.
Three years later, in 1935, the Beagle landed at the Galapagos [ga'laepagas] Islands where Charles saw giant tortoises and other interesting animals. Charles found that each of the islands had its own kind of tortoise. The animals on different islands were a little different. Charles thought that it was strange. At that time people believed that every animal species looked the way God made it.
Darwin came home from his five-year adventure and began working hard. So much to do, so many questions to answer. He later said that the two years after his voyage were the busiest in his life. Charles started writing a book. He also started to think about the Galapagos animals and what he called the “transmutation of species”, the slow changing of one species into another. Now we call it “evolution”.
1.	Darwin was not a good university student.
2.	Darwin knew why he wanted to go on the expedition.
3.	Darwin enjoyed the expedition.

4.	When Darwin arrived at the Galapagos Islands, he already knew what he wanted to do prof essionally.
5.	In London Darwin began to collect material for his book.
6.	Darwin never used the word “evolution”.
Unit
Read the texts (1—6) and match them with the titles (a—f). There is .. one title you don't have to use.
a)	People’s Relatives
b)	They Are Fairly Different
c)	Important Part of the Body
d)	Origin of the Name
e)	The Best-known Species
f)	Their Habits
1.	The word lemur ['li:mo] comes from the Latin word meaning “a ghost”. Perhaps this is because they move about silently at night and have large mysterious eyes.
2.	Lemurs have lived on the planet Earth for a very long time, but you can find them only in two places on the island Madagascar (millions of years ago, the island of Madagascar broke away from the continent of Africa) and the nearby Comori Islands.
3.	Some people think that lemurs belong to the family of squirrels or cats. But the truth is, they are more close to us, humans. They are primates.
4.	Lemurs have big, bushy tails that wave in the air as a form of communication. These big tails also help them balance when they jump from tree to tree. But lemurs don’t hang from trees by their tails, as some monkeys do. Some species of the lemur have longer tails than their bodies.
5.	There are many kinds of lemurs. They come in different colours and sizes. The smallest species weighs only 30 grams. The largest species weighs 10 kilograms. In the past there were also very large lemurs which weighed 240 kilograms, but they have all died out.
6.	Lemurs live and move about in groups. They like to sleep during the day and are active during the night. They eat nuts, fruits and berries. Sometimes they also eat insects.
4.
5.
Extra
Read the text and answer the questions after it.
Gerald Durrel: the Friend of All Animals
Gerald Durrel, a popular British writer and the author of brilliant books about animals, was born in India in 1925. His mother often joked that his first word was “zoo”. When he was three years old, his family moved to England, then to the Greek island of Corfu — to get away from the terrible English weather. With his mother, his sister Margo, and his brothers, Leslie and Larry, Gerald spent five years on the island. That was the start of his long career as an animal expert.
They lived in an old villa. One day Gerald found a big scorpion in the garden wall. The scorpion had lots of light brown babies on her back. He put them into a matchbox and hurried home. It was time for lunch, so Gerald put the matchbox on the shelf... He began his meal, and forgot about his new pets. He suddenly remembered about them when he heard a noise from the sitting room. He ran there and saw his brother Larry with an open matchbox in his hand. And the scorpions were free!
Larry shouted “Help!”, the Durrels’ dog went wild and the servant dropped a plate. The scorpion and her babies ran all over the room. Gerald had to catch them with a teaspoon, and put them back in the garden wall.
In 1939, the Durrels moved back to London because of the war. At the end of the war Gerald got a job in Whipsnade Zoo where he started looking after the lions and other animals.
On his 21st birthday Gerald decided to go on expeditions to collect wild animals for British zoos.
Back home in England he kept a lot of animals — monkeys, squirrels, frogs and others — in his sister’s garden. Gerald’s brother Larry asked him to write about his journeys and voyages to different places. This is how Gerald Durrel became a famous writer. The title of one of his most famous books is “My Family and Other Animals”.
Questions
1.	When and where was Gerald Durrel born? —
2.	How many brothers and sisters did he have? —
3.	When did he first come to England? —
4.	Why did the family move to Greece?
5.	How long did Gerald live on Corfu?
Unit
6.	What did Gerald find in the garden wall one day?
7.	Why did his brother Larry shout when he opened the
matchbox? — 
8.	When did the Durrels go back to England?
9.	Why did they do it? — 
10.	How did Gerald begin writing books?
kjs A. Read the poem. What is its message?
The beauty of the world has made me sad.
This beauty that will pass;
Sometimes my heart has shaken with great joy To see a leaping1 2 squirrel in a tree, Or a red ladybird upon a leaf,
1 a wayfarer [’wei/eara] — путник, странник
2 to leap [li:p] — прыгать, перескакивать
Or little rabbits in a field at evening,
Lit by a slanting1 sun.
• • •
And then my heart has told me:
These will pass,
Will pass and change, will die and be no more,
89
Things bright and green, things young and happy; And I have gone upon my way
Sorrowful1 2 3.
Padraic Pearse2

B.	Work in pairs. Discuss the poem. Consider the following:
-	feelings the poet has and why he has them;
-	the three types of wild animals which have given him joy;
-	the things the poet’s heart has told him;
•	if the lines in the poem rhyme4, if it is always important;
•	if you sometimes feel the same.
Unit
Speak about flora and fauna of the place where you live. Say:
in what part of Russia you live;
what weather is typical of this place in winter and in summer;
•	what plants, trees and flowers grow there;
•	what wild birds and other animals live there;
-	what people do and should do to protect5 the flora and fauna in your area.
Work in pairs. Complete the dialogue and act it out.
The Pet
Donald: Have you got a pet, Phil?
Phil: (1) Уе£, I have. It’s a dog.
Donald: What is its name? How old is it?
1 slanting ['sla:ntirj] — клонящееся к закату
2 sorrowful ['soraufl] — печальный, горестный
3 Padraic Pearse (1879—1916) was an Irish teacher, barrister, poet, writer, and political activist who was one of the leaders of the Easter Rising in 1916. Following his execution along with fifteen other leaders, Pearse came to be seen by many as the embodiment of the rebellion.
4 to rhyme [raim] — рифмоваться
5 to protect [pra'tekt] — защищать
Phil: (2)
Donald: So, it’s a grown-up dog, not a puppy. (3)
9
Phil: I’ve had Pirate since he was born, for five years already. It’s a pleasure to have a dog and a great responsibility1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 too.
12
Donald: (4)________________________________________________ ?
Phil: I mean that you must look after your pet, feed him regularly, take the dog out, play with him and train him.
Donald: (5)	?
Phil: I do. I regularly take Pirate to the vet, usually twice a year. Dogs may have health problems and it’s important to keep them fit.
Comment on these proverbs. Can you find their Russian equivalents?
Birds of a feather flock together.
A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.
. An early bird catches the worm.
1. [bri:d] — breathe
2. ['kjuarias] — 
3. [fspejli] —
4. [,saian'tifikl —
5. ['simila] —
6. ['spi:Ji:z] —
7. [m'klu:digl —
8. ['hju:man] —	_______
9.	['ostntf] —
10.	['relativ] —___________________
11.	['msekt] —_____________________
12.	['komsnl —
13.	[sa'pa:t] —
14.	['pidjan] —
15.	['naitirjgeil] —
16.	[wud] —
1 responsibility [n^ponsa'bilati] — ответственность
Unit
m
"u О
E
CD
I/)
kO
CD
CD

15
Complete the sentences with the new words from the box.
especially, similar, shamrock, breathe(2), close, scientific, hidden, curious, species, included, humans, relative, bluebell
Unit
1. A clover leaf with three parts is a shamrock. It is an emblem of Ireland. 2. A is not a bell of
blue colour, it is a flower. 3. I came to my doctor. He asked me to  in and then to 
out through the nose. He wanted to listen to my heart and lungs. 4. Where have you  my keys? Why have you done it? 5. Be  careful when you cross the street here. It’s a dangerous place. 6. Rodger, is Uncle Harry your ? 7. Although the girls were not twins, their shoes and dresses looked  . 8. Everyone was  about
the new student. 9. Men, women and children are
10. Do wolves and dogs belong to the
same  of animals? 11. We
not only our relatives but some of our  _
»I	♦ W H11 ♦ w tHtHHi H1
friends on the list of guests. 12. All of the pupils have to
do experiments in Chemistry classes.
Write the names of
1. five (or more) animals of white colour
16
hare (in winter!
2. five (or more) flowers of white colour
Unit

3. five (or more) insects that can be black
4. five (or more) birds or animals that are grey
5. two (or more) animals that change their colour
Use the appropriate function words from the box to complete the sentences.
Unit
up, out(2), for, off, from, behind, till, about, to, in
1.	My sister and me have always been very close to each 94 other.
2.	He is really ill. He has been breathing _	coal
dust1 for many years.
3.	It’s now very common _young people to use gad-
gets wherever possible.
4.	Mrs Wilson prefers to hide sad news	her nu-
merous relatives.
5.	Johnny, do you think you have hidden	the
door? I can see you very well, dear.
6.	How long is she going to support her children? — I think	they should begin working.
7.	I have always been curious  plants and animals that live and grow in the ocean.
8.	The doctor asked me not to breathe for several seconds and then to breathe
9.	Actors usually make	before going on stage.
10.	He is too far away. I can’t make	what he is
saying.
11.	I wanted to speak to Mr Stevenson but he made when he saw me.
------------------------------ : 1 coal dust — угольная пыль
ЛМШЛШЛЛШйШШААЛААЛЛЛШЛЛАШАЛАЛЛАААААДАШЛЛМШЛЛАллааааалллаааа
18
A. Form adjectives with the suffix -able from the words below.
1. V erb+ohle = Adiectivp
1.	break — breakable
2.	enjoy —
3.	read — ______________
4.	move* —
5.	understand —
6.	imagine* —	_______
7.	wash* —
8.	compare* —
9.	advise* —____________
II. rsouii'rttbZe — Adjective
1.	fashion —
2.	comfort — 
3.	knowledge —
4.	pleasure* — _________
5.	honour* — 
6.	value* —
7.	memory* —_______________
8.	reason* —
Unit
10. suit*
B.	Look up the words with the * symbol in the dictionary. Have you written the words correctly? If not, correct them. Write what the meanings of these words are.
Write what the meanings of these
words are.
1. imaginable
2. washable -
6. pleasurable
7. honourable
3. comparable
8. valuable —
4. advisable
5. suitable
9.	memorable
10.	reasonable
git; Use 12 different words from exercise 18 and write 6 word combinations and 6 sentences with them.
Unit
Use the derivatives of the words on the right to complete
1.	Ostriches’ powerful legs are by far the biggest of any bird and can be over 1.2 m long.
2.	Long ago my father taught me the names of all the trees and wildflowers and the
the sentences.
power
grasses that grow in the
differ
fields.
3.	My father told me that a nest with eggs in it was one of the most ________________
things in the world.
4.	Once I found a nightingale’s nest with six small eggs in a_________________________
place in the middle of the field. I thought it was	_____and ____ of
the bird to build its nest on the ground. But they always do it.
5.	During my early years I never had a moment’s	or
6.	The__________________where we lived was
far from the _____________ part of the
town.
7.	Once on a__________________day in winter
1 saw a white hare running _______________
in front of me.
8.	My father was the most______________
and _________________ father any boy ever
had. He was a wildly person. And he was a fantastic storyteller. My favourite story was “The Big ________________Giant”, or “The BFG for
beauty
97 grass
danger, care
unhappy, ill; build centre
snow quick
wonder
excite fun
friend
Unit
short”.
Unit
9. I spent an__________ morning in
the forest watching birds and listening to their singing.
10. Be 	, dear, the vase
you’re holding is	_____
enjoy
care
break
Use the derivatives of the words on the right to complete the text.
Dogs and fish make (1) fantastic pets. They have something in common but they are quite (2)_________. Both are (3
____________ animals to
fantasy
differ
wonder
watch. Dogs like performing (4)
usual
tricks. They run and jump and follow you.
Bright, (5) :_________________ (6)
fish are fun to
watch. They swim in their tanks and look just (7)
colour tropic
beauty
(8)
. You can play with a dog. Dogs are
true friends. Fish are not. real
On the other hand, fish are (9)
expense
and don’t need any (10)
care.
medicine
23
A. English people often use word combinations with the noun "earth". What do you think they mean? Write their Russian equivalents down. Look them up to see if your guess was right.
1.	I’m going to travel round the world. — Oh, come down
to earth, it’s too expensive.
2.	What on earth1 are you doing here? You should be already at school! _______________________________________________
3.	Why on earth have you done this? Why have you thrown away the flowers?________________________________________
99
4.	Why on earth are you trying to change the situation? It’s impossible!________________________________________________
Unit
5.	Who on earth has decided it?
Write 5 sentences with the phrases: who on earth, what on earth, why on earth, how on earth, to come down to earth.
2.________________	
3.	
4.	_________.	______________________________________________________
5.__________	
Choose the appropriate words in brackets to complete the sentences.
1. Some more people are coming. I think we’ll need (anoth-er/other) another chair, please. 2. I can see only three
Предложения co словосочетанием on earth используются в эмоционально окрашенной речи.
100
Unit
photos. Where are (others/the others) _________________________?
3. Some metals are magnetic (others/the others)  aren’t, are they? 4. Can I have (another/other)
_____________ piece of cake, please? 5. We decided to (fly/ flow) _______to Paris, though the weather is not very
good. 6. Anna, can you tell (others/the others) 
that I’ll be late. 7. This is my native (ground/land) and I love it. 8. The (land/Earth)______________________________
goes round the Sun. 9. It was autumn and the leaves were falling down onto the (ground/soil)___________________10. One
of your shoes is under the sofa, but where is (other/the other) _____________? 11. Don’t believe her. She has made
the whole story (off/up) __	.12. The (soil/ground)
_____________ near the coast is stony, not sandy. 13. Why should you make (off/up)  so heavily when you go to school? It’s not appropriate. 14. They made (off/out)
with our television and stereo. 15. It was very
noisy in the room and I couldn’t make (off/out) _____________ what the speaker was saying.
№1 A. Rewrite the sentences using the pronouns from the box instead of those in the sentences. ♦
someone, anyone, everyone, no one
1.	Somebody has stolen my bike.
Someone has stolen
my bike.
2.	Nobody will be able to do that.
3.	Does anybody remember this word?
4.	Is there anybody who doesn’t understand what to do?
Unit
5.	They need somebody like you, somebody who understands
business methods.
6.	Irene told me she was not in love with Robert but with
somebody else. —____________________________________
7.	Nobody can help me.
8.	Not everybody has got that much money.
Make up and write 4 sentences with each word from the box.
4.
Write three forms of these verbs.
1. включать
2. прятать(ся)
include
included
included
Unit
3.	платить
4.	жечь
5.	бить (о часах)
6.	рисовать
7.	дуть
8.	носить (одежду) 9. писать по буквам
10.	летать
11.	дышать
12.	расти
13.	иметь ввиду
14.	класть
15.	стоять
16.	выиграть
1 Choose the appropriate verb forms to complete the sentences.
1. They (already have ridden/rode) have already ridden to the market in their car. 2. She (hasn’t learnt/didn’t
learn)
the new rule yet. 3. The other day
when she was cooking,
she (has burnt/burnt)
the potatoes. 4. I (have heard/heard)
 a very strange sound a minute ago. 5. We never (have known/knew)  these facts. Can you give us some details? 6. This year they (have won/won)  two gold medals. 7. I (haven’t forgotten/ didn’t forget) _______ your lie, and I will never
forget it. 8. When he was a child, he (has dreamt/dreamt) ____________ to become a naturalist, but, you know, in the end he (has become/became)a journalist. 9. I (have made/made)______coffee. Would
you like to join me for a cup? 10. Sorry, dear, I (haven’t meant/didn’t mean) _________ to offend you.
11. Larry (has put/put) ______ the disk on the
desk a minute ago. Where is it now?
Unit
Use the appropriate forms of the words on the right to complete the sentences.
1.	Tree kangaroos live in the New Guinea1 forests. Their tails are longer than the bodies.
2.	The mountain forests of northwest America have the ___________ and the  and
the  trees on the Earth.
3.	Some ________ of birds and animals which
live in the tundra all the year round change
they, long
old, large
tall
J
species
colour. Arctic foxes, snowy owls,
1 New Guinea [’gini] — Новая Гвинея (государство)
Unit
snowshoe rabbits, stoats1 and arctic hares
turn white in late autumn, and they	j
change back to __________ summer colours in they
spring.
4.	The ________ you go up a mountain, the	high
 it gets.	cold
5.	Different animals in the savannah eat dif- ; ferent. Giraffes feed on branches high in trees; antelopes feed on ____________ branches. | low
6.	A desert is an area which has __________ than little
25 cm of rain, and very little plant life.
7.	Many	that live near the water fish
surface1 2 are often blue, green or violet.
1 a stoat [stout] — горностай
2 a surface ['s3:fis] — поверхность a stoat [stout] — горностай
8. Bamboo
in India, the Far 1 grow
East and China. It is one of the
_______ growing plants,  I fast, it height [halt] can be about 30 metres.__i
The ________ living	thing on the	|	large
Earth	is	the	giant	redwood tree,	i
growing in the USA and Canada, j The  tree is	112 m high.	tall
This is much	_ than the stat-	I	tall
ue of Liberty in New York, which
 at 93 m.	stand
Complete the text using the appropriate forms right.
C 9 I C8 9 к
Part I
One day my father came home and
of the words on the
(1) brought a small kitten with him. (2)  name dad (3)  was Major. Major was just a skinny, mewing kitten with a tail like a mouse’s. In a few months he (4) _____________fairly bigger and stronger. He was really the (5) _____________________ cat in
the block. When he (6) ___________________ in the
bring
it, say
become
brave
appear
yard, all othercats suddenly (7)
run
Unit
off. Every day Major (8)  our house for several hours. I loved Major and (9)  proud of my cat.
Part II
One day my dad asked me, “You (1) -------------
_______any changes in Major’s behaviour?
The cat (2)
with us for about a j live
year, but look, how fat he (3)
become
I agreed. Every day Major (4)
(5)  and (6)
And he
fat, fat
(7)  much more. My dad smiled, eat
“Probably (8)	cat will end up we
the (9)	cat in the town.”	big
One night I (10)
little strange hear
sounds, “Peep, peep.” They (11) 
from my closet. It was the middle of the night and I was very sleepy, but the sounds (12)	. I (13) _________ up and loo-
ked into the closet. Boy, what I (14)
there? You won’t believe, but there (15) _________ Major and five tiny baby kittens.
come
not stop, get; see
be
Complete the sentences using the verbs in brackets in present perfect or in present perfect progressive.
1. It (snow) haS been snowing all morning. And it is still
snowing. 2. It just (stop)______________snowing.
Look,	how beautiful	the	trees are. 3. Jane	(play)
	volleyball professionally for several years.	4. I’m sorry	I’m	late. How	long you	(wait)
? 5. Where is Ann? — She is upstairs, cleaning her bedroom. She (do)_________________________
 it since morning. 6. I (read) _____________________
__________ the story up to the end. I can’t say I like it a lot. 7. Sue is in the garden. She (plant) ____________________
flowers since 9 a.m. I don’t know if she (plant) ____________	all of them. 8. Hello, Betsy! What on earth are you doing here? — I am trying to find an English-French-Spanish	Dictionary.	I (look)
__________________________for it_all morning. 9. My cousin (learn)_______________________________ German for five	years but
he	can hardly speak this language. 10. I	(not see)
__________________________________ Albert	for more than	a month. 11. Ron (read)_________________________________________________ this book for two
months. When do you think he will finish it?
Read the sentences and write in which of them the action expressed by present perfect progressive has finished (F) and where it is still going on (G).
1.	Justin has been playing the piano for an hour already.	[GJ
2.	My hands are dirty because I’ve been planting flowers in our garden.
3.	— I’m really tired, Chris. How long are we going to stay in this shop?
— We have been doing shopping since morning. i______________I
Unit
4.	— Why are your hands green?
— I have been painting the benches in our garden.
5.	You have been working on the computer for
3 hours. Don’t you think you need a break?
6.	Olga’s sweater is too small for her. She has been wearing it since she was ten.
7.	I have been listening to you for half an hour but you haven’t even begun answering the question.
8.	The children have been writing a test for nearly an hour. I hope they will finish it soon.
Write greetings cards to your friends and relatives. Social English Section can help you.
1. It is the 31st of December. You are writing to your parents.
* Happy New Year, dear Mother and Father! •:
I?	Your son/daughter... . $
(°	0)
2. Your brother Tom has his birthday tomorrow.
3. It is the 8th of March. You are writing to your Aunt Rachel.
4. Your cousin Victor has become a figure skating champion.
5. It is the end of September. International Teacher’s Day
is coming soon. You are writing a card to your favourite teacher.
6. It is Easter tomorrow. You are writing to your granny.
7. You are writing to a friend who is going to take part in swimming competition.
8. It is the 24th of December. Your pen friend Archie lives in London. You are writing to him.
9. Tomorrow is Mother’s Day. You are writing to your
с
33
Your friend is going to a party. You hope he will have a nice evening. Write what you can tell him/her before saying "goodbye".
Why national parks are important. Write 8—10 sentences.
Just for Fun
35
An anagram ['aensgraem] is a special word. You can form it using all the letters of another word. (Example: SALT is an anagram of LAST.) Match the pairs of anagrams in the columns.
1.	cheat
2.	chain
3.	waste
4.	snail
5.	takes
a) nails b) skate c) teach d) china e) sweat
36 __
Make and write anagrams from each of these words.
1. diver — drive	2. bleat —
3. dense
4. feast
ТГ~'~|ПП
Unit
The ABC of Ecology
Listening
Listen to the dialogue, (4' (19), and complete the following sentences.
Blue Whale
1.	Brian’s presentation was a) very good
b)	fairly good
c)	rather poor
2.	The blue whale___
a)	has died out
b)	can disappear as an animal species
c)	is a common animal
3.	Brian is interested in the ecology of the ocean because
a)	there are too many things people don’t know about oceans
b)	he likes blue whales
c)	the blue whale is an endangered species
4. Blue whales __
a) have been living on our b) have lived on the Earth c) belong to those animal lives
planet for 110 years longer than other animals
species that have very long
1.
2.
3.
4.
Listen to the text, K) (20), and decide which of these facts are true (T), false (F) or not stated (NS) in it.
1.	Ecological problems have become some of the most important now.
2.	People all over the world are trying to solve this problem.
3.	During the last two centuries the problem of	—-.
pollution has become worse.	__I
4.	People are trying to keep their environment	—i
clean and beautiful.
5.	Only big radical steps can help to protect	—
our environment.	I_I
6.	The text gives examples of only those rules	t—;
that help to stop pollution.	I_I
— 4 < ф *-		’  <9
Read the words in transcriptions, then listen and check, (21).
[hesasri] [m'vaiammant] [weist] [э'тлг)] [di'skAmfat]
[n'sponsabl]
[bi'heivja] [sa'vaiv]
['mfluans] [ik'stirjkt]
Read the words, word combinations and sentences, then listen and check, @ (22).
a)	nature, unpolluted, payment, disbelieve, endanger, pollution, disagree, enjoyment, law, member, dump, protect, factory, habitat, among, movement
b)	between you and me, the beauties of nature, the problems of the environment, to survive in the ocean, to protect wildlife, to pollute the environment, to turn into a rubbish dump, necessary for our health, to be responsible for other people, to recycle glass, plastic and paper
c)	I’d like to know more about the endangered species of animals living on our planet. Air pollution damages forests. People would like to live in an unpolluted world. What is necessary to save our environment? Everyone hates dishonest behaviour. Don’t waste time, help Mother Nature now. That old film had a great influence on me.

There is a great number of factories in this part of the city. By the way, I’ve taken down everything you said. No one will help us if we don’t help ourselves.
- Read the text and say which of the following is not mentioned in it.
Our planet is 4,600 million years old. Let’s think of it as a person who is forty-six years old. We don’t know anything about the first seven years of this person’s life. We also have very little information about the next thirty-five years. It was only at the age of forty-two that plants began to
appear. Dinosaurs and great reptiles ['reptailz] did not ap-
pear until one year ago, when the planet was forty-five.
Mammals only arrived eight months ago. In the middle of last week apes became ape-like men and began to communicate with each other. Last weekend, the Ice Age covered the Earth.
Modern man has only lived on this planet for about four hours. During the last hour man began to work on land — grow plants and keep domestic animals. The Industrial Revolution and the rise of large cities began just sixty seconds
ago.
During those sixty seconds of biological time, modern man has turned a lot of land into a rubbish dump. In one minute he has killed hundreds of species of animals. He has damaged the soil of his planet, cut down its forests. Now modern man stands looking at the damage he has done to the planet like a child stands looking at the toys he has broken. What step will he make next?
1.	The age of planet Earth.
2.	The period of time when there was no life on the Earth.
3.	The period when life began to develop.
4.	The activity of man on the Earth.
5.	The positive results of people’s activity.
6.	The negative results of people’s activity.
No.
Read the text and complete the sentences after it.
Jason Taylor is a sculptor. He has made underwater sculptures which attract corals. This idea came to Jason when he was swimming in the Caribbean Sea and saw how badly
tourists damaged a coral reef. Then Jason thought about making underwater parks of sculptures to attract swimmers. “That could give the real reef time to recover,” he says.
Over the past twenty years we have lost about 40% of the planet’s natural coral reefs. Scientists say we can lose 80% by the year 2050. So Jason Taylor is trying to help our planet with his underwater art. To make his sculptures he 114	uses special eco-friendly materials, like limestone. They
don’t pollute the ocean and attract sea animals — corals, lobsters, crabs, and shrimps.
One	of	the most famous of Taylor’s underwater parks	is in
—	Mexico.	There he has created a large artificial reef	whose
"+	size	is	420 square metres. Among its 400 sculptures	there
is a	copy of a car. Taylor used a car for his work to	show
that cars pollute the air on our planet.
Divers like Taylor’s underwater parks very much. Every time they visit a park, it looks a little different. “My sculptures change all the time,” says Jason. “And this is what I like best, the most wonderful part of my work. One of my sculptures has grown long hair. Some underwater plant started growing on its head and now it has long and beautiful hair.”
1.	Jason Taylor began making his underwater sculptures
a)	to attract more divers to the Caribbean Sea
b)	to save the Caribbean Sea from pollution
c)	to save the real reefs from the divers
2.	Taylor’s underwater parks are
a)	a kind of underwater art gallery
b)	a home for sea creatures
c)	a good place to learn to dive
3.	Taylor has created
a)	one big underwater park in the Gulf of Mexico
b)	several underwater parks
c)	several large underwater parks
4.	Taylor’s underwater parks
a)	always develop
b)	change from time to time
c)	never change
3.
4.
Read the text and mark the sentences as true (T), false (F) or not stated (NS).
•
мяк "V4P
Л BdP «А w • f < 4?* 3
Scientists say that Lake Baikal is the oldest lake on planet Earth. Usually lakes don’t live longer than a million years but this wonderful lake is more than 25 million years old! For scientists it is a living laboratory of evolution.
Lake Baikal is also the deepest
lake in the world, it is 1,637 metres deep from top to bottom. With time the lake becomes wider and deeper. There is a theory that Lake Baikal is the beginning of a new ocean. The lake holds one-fifth of the planet’s fresh water and this water is incredibly clean.
Lake Baikal is one of the most beautiful places on the Earth. Everyone who has been on its shores knows how unusual and how mighty it looks. The lake is very difficult to describe: its clear waters change colours all the time.
The snows of Siberia come to Lake Baikal in early October. At the end of October ice begins to appear on its surface. In winter the ice gets very thick — well over a metre. (In 1904, during the Russo-Japanese War they laid a railway across the ice to carry guns to the front and the ice didn’t break under its weight.) In April the ice begins to turn into water and the lake becomes so large that sailors and fishermen here talk of “going to sea”.
The water in the lake is never warm. In summer its temperature is about +12 degrees. But a lot of people still enjoy swimming in it. They say swimming in the waters of the lake is good for their health.
Lake Baikal is a living museum of water plants and animals. About 1,500 species of animals here are endemic. Endemic means that you cannot see them anywhere else in the world. The lake is rich in life. Its waters move vertically, carrying oxygen to the very bottom. The lake still keeps a lot of secrets from people. One great mystery about the lake is how nerpa, the Baikal seal, appeared in the lake which is hundreds of kilometers from any ocean, and made the lake its habitat.
The lake lies among beautiful mountains. The Baikal Mountains on the north shore and the taiga belong to a national park. The greatest problem here is to keep all this natural
beauty and protect the lake from pollution. Every year the lake attracts more and more tourists, so the task is not at all easy.
1.	Lake Baikal can help people to understand how life developed on our planet.
2.	The size of the lake changes with time.
Unit
3.	The water in the lake is very clean but cold, so people don’t swim in it.
4.	The lake has a number of islands — big and small.
5.	The lake’s flora and fauna make it unique.
6.	Some ocean animals live in the lake.
7.	Now people are thinking of organizing the first national park on the shores of the lake.

Speak about why environmental problems have become some of the most important nowadays. Mention the possible results of:
air, water and soil pollution;
global warming;
cutting down forests;
extinction of plants and animals.
sPE Speak about why we can solve ecological problems only if we work together. Mention:
international cooperation;
□ ecological societies;
what everyone can do to help protect nature.
Say as much as you can about protecting wildlife. Use some of the following words and phrases:
extinct, endangered and protected species;
plants and animals;
can’t protect themselves;
damage their natural habitat;
disappear from the face of the planet;
climatic changes make the problem more serious;
study the problem;
cooperate with scientists from other countries;
• make necessary national and international laws; make international agreements;
be responsible for one’s actions;
help to survive.
Continue the dialogue and act it out.
A: I say, is it true that you’ve just come back from India?
B:	Yes, it is. It’s been a fantastic journey.
A:	I bet1! But why India?
B: I’ve always been interested in this country and its culture. India is also a place of great natural beauty with its high mountains, mighty rivers and thick forests.
A; And what is your greatest impression?
B:	It’s difficult to say. Let me think... Maybe the Jog Falls on the Sharavathi River. This place is situated among wooded mountains and it is incredibly beautiful.
A. I’ve never heard of it. Is it a big waterfall?
B: One of the largest in India. It has four cascades of water that fall across a rock wall.
A; Wow! What else makes the place so special?
В It’s a home to many species of plants and animals. By the way, the place is becoming more and more popular with tourists.
A. Do you think they will keep the place unpolluted?
k: How can they do it?
A: Yes, you’re right.
Complete the dialogue and act it out.
Look, do you always cycle to school?
I try to. (1)	________________
I know that the bicycle is the most eco-friendly transport but (2)
1 I bet! — Могу себе представить!
В: It’s no problem. I just put on warm or waterproof clothes. By the way, there are countries where millions of people use bikes to get to offices, universities and schools.
B: Holland is a very good example. The country is successfully solving the problem of air pollution.
A:	(4)-------------------------
B:	Well, we all know how badly cars and buses pollute the air. If people don’t use them, they will cut down on pollution.
A: I’ll think about it. Maybe (5)
Read the text and complete the story.
People in the UK think more and more about how our diet can damage the en-
r.d-JI JrX
vironment. Are you sur-
prised? Do you want to know how it can happen? It’s very simple. Lots and lots of airplanes, vans and lorries bring food to our towns and cities where shops and supermarkets sell it. For example, meat may come from New Zealand, tomatoes from Spain
and apples from France.
This means that airplanes, vans and lorries burn fuel and pollute the air. People can try to cut down on pollution by eating more local foods. The idea is to eat 90 per cent of our diet from the country where we live. It is better for our health and for the health of our planet.
This may be an example of a healthy menu for the place where I live.
Breakfast: ______________ _ _	__
Lunch: _________________	_____ ____
Dinner:
Tea:
These words belong to Albert Einstein. Comment on them.
Learn from yesterday, live for today, hope for tomorrow.
I never think of the future — it comes soon enough.
Small is the number of people who see with their eyes and think with their minds.
A. Einstein
119
Spell these words.
1. ['mfluans] — influence
2. [p3:sn] —	__________
Unit
3.	['nesaseri] —
4.	['mu:vmant] —
5.	[ плтЬэ] —
6.	[stAdi] —
7.	[m'vaiaranment] —
8.	[’daemicij] —
9.	[ri:'saikl] —
10.	[faektri] —
11.	[sa vaiv] —
12.	[’haebitset] —
13.	[pa'lujn] —
14.	[m'djaimant] —
15.	[neitja] —
16.	[n'sponsibl] —
17.	['memba] —
18.	[pratekjn] —
Complete the sentences with the derivatives of the words on the right.
1.	The teacher thanked his pupils for their good behaviour during the school trip. behave
2.	Nobody thought about the	comfort
of living in a tent.
3.	The child ran to his mother for	protect
4. The latest
s in science of- develop
ten surprise us.
5.	The animal turned with a quick
6.	Everyone would like to live in an __
________world with clean air and clear water.
120
7.	It was dark and the road looked __________
C
8.	She was _______ about her age
because she wanted to get that job.
9.	Mr Griffin is one of the most_____________
______	men in his country.
10.	Alice and Diana ______________ about
everything.
11.	Wild animals are happier in their habitat than in a zoo.
12.	Her story didn’t sound true, we all it.
13.	I didn’t get any real from the game.
Complete the text with the derivatives of the words on
40! Christmas is the time of (1) happiness and (2)	but it’s not a good
time for everyone. Take turkeys, for example. Every year millions of turkeys end up on a dinner table. But not Lofty. Lofty is
a (3)	bird. He was born on
move
pollute
danger honest
power agree nature
believe enjoy
the right, happy
enjoy
luck
farm and has spent many
Britain
(5)
hours there. One day it wonder
was Lofty’s time to go to the market. Anyway, he wasn’t as (6)
as many other turkeys: nobody knows how but Lofty ran away! He ended up in an ani-
fortunate
mal rescue centre. (7)	for lucky
Lofty, the people in the centre are all vegetarians, so Lofty’s future looks (8)	fair
bright.
Complete the sentences with the appropriate forms of the words on the right.
1.	Well, children, if you can’t do it your- yourself Selves, you can ask somebody to help you.
2.	The British Museum in London is one of the	___ museums in the large
world.
3.	The	___ computer game one
•‘Spacewar” appeared in 1962.
4.	He will help you if you ________ him well.
5.	“____________ of few words are the best
»
6.	My friend’s hobby is collecting coins, he 	them for a long time.
7.	Everyone wants to live	____
and have a____________________life.
8.	I	my homework when my cousin
called to invite me to the skating rink.
9.	It isn’t a new backpack, I_____________it
since last year.
10.	They say that Scotland has the number of people with red hair in the world.
Complete the text with the appropriate forms of the right.
Ants (1) have been on planet Earth for more than 140 (2)	years,
(3)	than dinosaurs. All ants
live in colonies but there are surprising differences in their way of life and their habits. One of the (4)	kinds
of ants is the “army ant”. These ants go
ask
man
man
collect
long
good do
have
high
words on the
be
million long
interesting
out in armies of many (5)
thousand
They kill and eat anything in their way: insects, snakes, lizards, birds... Now you may ask, “How can a little insect like the ant
123
kill and eat everything in its way?” Well,
there are so many of (6)
they
and if the creature (7)
not run
away, the army ants (8)
kill
even if it’s a crocodile.
Some army ants make black ants work for
them just like slaves. If you ever (9)
a colony of army ants, be
meet
careful! (10)
ants will at-
this
tack any living creature
and yes, that
(И)
you too!
mean
Match the words with their descriptions.
1.	extinct
2.	habitat
3.	waste
4.	pollute
5.	survive
6.	dump
a)	stay alive, not to die
b)	make dirty
c)	put in danger
d)	the natural home of an animal or plant
e)	the conditions in which a person or an
7.	endanger
8.	environment
9.	protect
10.	nature
animal lives
f)	no longer living
g)	the physical world around us
h)	throw away rubbish
i)	useless material
j)	defend from danger, keep safe
1. f
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Use the prefixes dis- or un- to make new words. Write what the new words mean.
Unit
1. believe — disbelieve (не верить)
2. common — иПСОГПГПОП (необычный)
124	3. usual —
4.	like —_________________________________
5.	agree —
6.	polluted —__________________________
7.	appear —
8.	honest —
9.	healthy —______________________________
10.	comfort —
11.	natural —______________________________
12.	happy —
13.	please —
14.	real —
Complete the sentences with the words from the box. necessary, members, influences, payment, responsible, nowadays, law, study, saved, recycle, damaged, poured
1.	Nowadays some countries close their nuclear power stations, because they think that such stations are not safe. 2. People have learned to	___ waste paper and use
it again. 3. The house was on fire but he ___________ the
pictures. 4. Nearly all the	of the club took
part in the dance competition. 5. In every country the police keep	and order. 6. The newspapers write
that last night the fire
several buildings. 7. Is
to have a visa to go to this country?
8. The weather often  us: we usually feel bet-
ter when the sun is shining and the sky is cloudless.
9. We’ll make one person
for buying the food.
10. She  the milk into a bowl and left the
bowl at the door. 11. Give yourself time to
the problem carefully. 12. He gave me this book in
for my help.
Complete the sentences with the right prepositions where necessary.
1. We had a	number of ideas about how	to	spend	our holidays.	2. My	parents’ words always had	a	great	influence
	me.	3. It’s really necessary	her	to spend more____________________________________________________________time with her friends. 4. It’s very	bad	that some factories pollute	the environment. 5. Please pour some
hot water _______ my mug. 6. To stay here any longer will
be a waste _________ time. 7. When I first read the book, it
didn’t influence	me at all. 8. Jack is a member
our ecological society. 9. The house stood in the forest	the green trees. 10. How can we save our
planet	danger? 11. We are all responsible
the work we are doing. 12. I’ll tell you the truth but it must be	you and me. 13. In this street there are
two food shops and a cinema	between. 14. I’ve lost
my way again; it happens	me every time I come to
a new place.
Choose the appropriate words in brackets to complete these sentences. A. 1. We agreed to meet (among/between) between 2 o’clock and 2:30. 2. She divided the work (among/between)	all the pupils in the class. 3. The twins divided the chocolate (among/between) _________________ them.
4. I want to tell you something but it’s (among/between) you and me. 5. The house stood (among/between) the trees in the middle of the little grove.
B. 1. I quickly took (in/down) __________ her name and ad-
dress. 2. That day I felt unwell and couldn’t take (in/down) what the teacher was saying. 3. The plane took (off/up)	for Rome at 9:30. 4. He has taken (off/
up)	the piano. 5. It’s good manners to take
(down/off)	your hat when you enter a house.
6. There are a number of simple rules that I hope you’ll take (up/in)	. 7. My brother took (up/in)
painting only a year ago but he can already paint very well. Complete this table of pronouns.
E r	[	|	j
you	yourself
he	him	i	i
she	I	!	j
it	| it
we	ourselves j
you	
they

Write what they are doing.
127
Unit
1.	The girl is looking at herself in the mirror.
2.	_____________________________________________________ __________
3.	________________________________________________________________
4.	________________________________________________________________
5.	_	______________________________________________
6.	________________________________________________________________
7.
Complete the sentences with the appropriate reflexive pronouns.
1. The English themselves don’t always speak English very well. 2. Helen, dear, have you made this wonderful cake all by	? 3. John’s friends came, but John
didn’t. 4. I	can’t tell you, but my father will.
5. Did Mary answer this difficult question ______________________?
6. My friend’s kitten likes to look at	in the
mirror. 7. Well, children, there’s a lot of rubbish around
128
Unit
the school building, prepare  for hard work.
8. Our parents were ready to help us, but we decided to do everything	. 9. The film is brilliant, I’m sure
you’ll enjoy	, girls. 10. I’m leaving you for just one
minute, George. I hope you will behave
11. This time the boys made a fire and put up the tent all by	. 12. We	didn’t take part in the
match, we just watched it.
Complete the sentences with the appropriate reflexive pronouns where necessary.
1. There are many tasty things on the table. Help your-self1! 2. Children should know how to behave
in public. 3. Did you and your friends enjoy
at the picnic yesterday? 4. My little brother likes to hide somewhere in the house and ask us to find him, it’s his favourite game. 5. Don’t ask me, I have no idea about it	.6. The girls bought
________beautiful scarves and were very happy. 7. How is your head? How are you feeling	now?
8. You’ll get a nice present if you behave
9. Dress	quickly, we must leave the house in
ten minutes not to be late. 10. It was very pleasant to bathe	in the river on a hot summer day.
11. My brother made the model of the ship
1 Help yourself! — Угощайся!
with his own hands. 12. Young children shouldn’t live by
, somebody must look after them. 13. Every
morning I make tea for my parents and .
Use few, a few, little, a little to complete the sentences.
1. There are fCW people who know the truth about those
events. 2. I’m sorry to say there’s  we can do to help him now. 3. I have  books that you may borrow, they will help you with your project. 4. Is there any soup left? — Yes,5. He lives on his own and very  ______ friends visit him nowadays. 6. We hope our
team will win: there are	really good players in it.
7. It’s a very difficult question, may I think ? 8. I’m afraid, we have ____ ___ information about the expedition. 9. May I have hot water to make a cup of
tea, please? 10. I have nothing to say, but I have questions I’d like to ask. 11. There’s  milk in the bottle, you may have it if you want. 12.  of you are old enough to travel on your own. Ask your parent to
accompany you.
Choose the appropriate verb forms to complete the sentences.
1. Jack b money for a long time; he  enough to buy a new bike.
a) has saved b) has been saving
2. The Smiths the farm since the 1950s.
a) have owned
b) have been owning
3. Margo
since she was a little girl. Nowadays she
does it professionally.
a) has sung b) has been singing
4.	Don______to become an ecologist and protect nature.
a) has always wanted b) has always been wanting
5.	We Russian for many years but we often find the spelling of some Russian words difficult.
a) have learned b) have been learning
6.	Becky ____ pets, now she has a number of them.
a) has always loved b) has always been loving
7.	Come and have tea with us, I ______ a cup for you.
a) have poured b) have been pouring
8.	People __ about the problem of pollution for more than
a hundred years.
a) have known	b) have been knowing
9.	A number of good books _______ a great influence on me.
a) have had b) have been having
10.	The flat looks so nice.____?
a) Have you cleaned
b) Have you been cleaning
Use present perfect or present perfect progressive of the brackets to complete the sentences.
verbs in
1.	They (be) have been friends for many years and are very devoted to each other.
2.	We (not play) ___________ . this game for a long
time, I don’t remember its rules well.
3.	What are you laughing at? What (I say)____________	?
4.	Jane looks tired, I think she (work) ____________ in
the garden.
5.	This author (write)	__________children’s books for
131 many years, a lot of people know and read them.
6.	What (influence)	___ your decision to be-
come an engineer?	r+
7.	Scientists at home and abroad (study) the problems of ecology for many years now.
8.	The family (live)	at the seaside since af-
ter the war.
9.	I (know)	Peter since we went to school
together.
10.	A number of old trees are lying on the ground. It’s clear that a very strong wind (blow) __________________._____
11.	The young people (not meet)________________________for two
years and are happy to see each other again.
12.	She’d like to travel about Russia. She (have) _______________
this idea since she first saw Lake Baikal.
Read the text and write 6 questions you could ask about the giant flower.

The largest flower in the world is Rafflesia. It can be 1 metre wide and weighs 10 kilograms! But it smells very unpleasant.
1. What does this flower smell like?
Unit
Your friend wants to
be an ecologist. Write questions you want to ask
him/her. You want to know:
1.	what influenced his/her decision;
2.	if his/her parents think it’s a good idea;
3.	what ecological problems he/she wants to study;
4.	how long he/she has been interested in these problems;
5.	if he/she will go to university to become an ecologist;
6.	if it is necessary for an ecologist to know one or more than one foreign languages;
7.	where he/she is going to work;
8.	why this profession is important nowadays.
1.	What influenced your decision?
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

You've got an e-mail from your British pen friend. Read it and write an answer. Don't forget to ask your friend some questions.


C
Hi! It’s been a long time since I wrote to you. Sorry. In fact, I’ve been away on a school trip to one of the national parks. We stayed there three days sleeping in guest houses and walking about a lot. I’ve always been interested in wildlife so I quite enjoyed myself. I can say that I saw a number of interesting animals and learned some important things.
Unit
Use the names of the animals from the box to complete the sentences, red kangaroos, sailfish, pumas and leopards, sea snakes, squirrel monkeys, mountain goats, gibbons
1. Sea Snakes can dive 100 metres deep and stay under water for up to 5 hours. Some of them can swim at the rate of 1 metre per second. 2. ____________________ can jump
5.5 metres up into a tree. 3. _____________________ can jump
over obstacles as high as 3 metres. Using their powerful hind legs, they can travel as far as 9 metres in one huge leap. 4.	____________can swim faster than a cheetah
can run. Its top speed is 109 kilometres per hour. 5.	sometimes leap straight into the air
from the tree tops to catch insects. These leaps may be up to 60 metres. 6.__________________can climb incredibly steep
slopes, jump from rock to rock and leap across dangerous ravines. 7.	are fairly large animals but
they are extremely acrobatic. They can move through the trees faster than a man can walk on the ground. They can also walk along small branches high up in the air.
Here are three computer jokes mixed up. Put the lines (a—f) in the appropriate order.
a)	It left its Windows open.
b)	Data.
c)	Made a website.
d)	Why was the computer cold?
e)	What does a baby computer call its father?
f)	What did the spider do on the computer?
Joke. 1	Joke	2	Joke	3
1_____________1 1.
2 2 2. ______________________________________________________
Unit
Living Healthy
Listen to the text "A Sweet item (a, b, c) to complete the
Tooth1", ® sentences.
(23), and choose the right
1. The British__________
a) are a nation with a sweet tooth
b) were fond of chocolate already in the 15th century c) built factories to make chocolate in Australia
2. Chocolate came to Britain from
a) Italy b) Central America c) Australia
3. Drinking chocolate appeared in Birmingham in____
a) 1831	b) 1878	c) 1881
4. People in Britain eat more chocolate ______.
a) at Christmas than at Easter
b) at Easter than at Christmas
c) at Christmas and Easter than at any other time
a sweet tooth — сладкоежка
Listen to the dialogue, ф (24), and complete the sentences.
1.	Betty stopped eating meat because
2.	Betty does not eat dairy products1 such as
3.	Betty says she eats lots of things, for example,
4.	Betty is sure that to be a vegetarian is
5.	Betty thinks in Britain today
dairy ['deari] products — молочные продукты
• * f ?
-	e ® •****«
Reading
Read the words in transcriptions, then listen and check, @ (25).
[let)©]
[peijnt] ['faulda] [п'клуэ] ['stAmak]
[au'bi:s] [pn'skraib] [0raut] ['roreik] ['swolau]
[medsn] [ha:mfl] E'hedeik]
['□rlmaust] [kjua]
Read the words, word combinations and sentences, then listen and check, (26).
a)	weakness, quickly, weigh, cough, enough, lung, sneeze, ankle, painful, knee, weight, freshness, stomach, hardly, wrist
b)	a sore throat, a heart attack, to prescribe a medicine, to catch a cold, to do somebody harm, junk food, to come down with a cold, a medicine for a weak heart, to recover from earache
c) Has the doctor prescribed you anything for your earache? It really hurts me to swallow. Jack is recovering from a bad cold. Fast food can do a lot of harm to your health. They took Anna with stomachache. We hope you’ll recover soon. If you have toothache, go to your dentist. Jill tries to control her weight. Take this medicine for your cough. What can cure him of this disease?
Read the texts (1—5) and match them with the titles (a—f). There is one title you don't have to use.
a)	The Food from Abroad
b)	The First Meal of the Day
c)	Fast Food in Britain
d)	Very Popular British Food
e)	Typical Food at Different Times of the Day
f)	Places to Have Meals
1.	Some people like “to go to work on an egg” — they eat an egg for breakfast before going to work. But many more breakfast on cornflakes — while others have toast with butter and marmalade. And, whatever they eat, most people drink tea or coffee.
2.	And where do people eat their food when they are at home? Breakfast is usually a quick meal, eaten in the kitchen. They may eat dinner in the kitchen, in the dining room or the living room, often in front of the television. The British often have lunch at school or work.
Unit
3.	Some people have their biggest meal in the middle of the day, some have it in the evening. The traditional meal is meat and two vegetables. The most popular meats are chicken, beef (from a cow), pork (from a pig) and lamb (from a young sheep). Vegetables grown in Britain, like potatoes, carrots, peas, and cabbage are very popular, but today you can buy vegetables from many countries all through the year. Traditional British meals are sausages, beans1 and mashed potato2, stew (meat cooked with lots of vegetables), and the Sunday roast.
4.	Potatoes first came from South America. Farmers in Peru grew them from the 13th century on, and then the Spanish brought them to Europe in the mid-16th century. In the 17th century potatoes appeared in Britain. Potatoes are one of the most important foods in the British diet and today the British grow six million tons of potatoes every year. Some potatoes have red skins, some white. Sometimes people eat them with the skin, sometimes without. There are many different ways of cooking them.
5.	Ice cream appeared in the country in the 1920s. People sold it from bicycles in the streets. Ice cream sellers shouted, “Stop me and buy one!” They rode around the streets playing music, people ran out and bought some ice cream. Nowadays ice cream has become very popular. People often eat it in cinemas and theatres in summer and in winter as a snack or as a dessert after the main dish, for example with a piece of hot apple pie.
1.	2.	3.
4.
5.
Extra
Read the text and complete the sentences after it.
0
“Today’s newspaper is tomorrow’s fish and chips wrapper3,” people said it in the second half of the nineteenth century. Why? Because many years ago sellers packed fish and chips in newspaper to keep them warm. This does not happen any more, for health rea-
a bean [bi:n] — боб
mashed potato [,niaeft рэ teitoo] — картофельное пюре a wrapper [‘гаерэ] — обёрточная бумага
sons, but fish and chips is still Britain’s most favourite fast food.
Fish and chips appeared in the streets of London and other cities in the 1850s, and the first shops to sell them — in the 1860s. The most popular kind of fish is cod1 but other kinds of white fish are also possible. They cook fish in hot fat1 2 and eat it with chips on which people put salt or tomato sauce. Some people eat bread and butter with their fish and chips.
Fish and chips is very popular with holidaymakers at the seaside, even if the weather is so cold that they have to eat them sitting in their cars! Sometimes people choose fish and chips at the weekend as a change from cooking at home.
A favourite snack (quick food between meals) in Britain is the baked potato, or “potato in its jacket”, which is a potato cooked with the skin left on it.“Potatoes in the jackets” have butter, cheese or beans on top. You can buy many other kinds of hot fast food today, for example burgers3 and fried chicken from the USA, pizza from Italy, and kebabs [ki’baebz] from the Middle East. You may choose either to “eat in” or “take away”.
Sandwiches (either bought or home-made) make a quick lunch and are also very popular. It is easy to take them to school or work. The word “sandwich” comes from a man John Montagu ['montsgju:]. He was the fourth Earl4 of Sandwich and lived in the eighteenth century in the English town of Sandwich. He liked to play games at the table for a long time without stopping for a meal. So his cook put some beef5 between two pieces of bread — and made the first sandwich.
1 cod [kod] — треска
2 fat [faet] — жир
3 a burger [Ъз:дэ1 — бургер
4 an earl [з:1] — граф
beef [bi:f] — говядина
1.	The British do not sell fish and chips in newspaper any
more because
a)	it can’t keep them warm for long
b)	it is not a fashionable kind of wrapper
c)	it can be dangerous for people
2.	Fish and chips appeared first________
a)	in London and then in other cities of Britain
b)	in some cities of Britain and then in its capital
c)	in British cities in the middle of the 19th century
3.	Fish and chips is
a)	as popular with the British as “potato in its jacket”
b)	more popular with the British than “potato in its jacket”
c)	less popular with the British than “potato in its jacket”
4.	invented sandwiches in the 18th century.
a)	John Montagu, the fourth Earl of Sandwich
b)	John Montagu’s cook
c)	The people of the English town of Sandwich
Read the text and complete it with the following phrases (a—g).
a)	gas and electricity came into people’s houses
b)	harder to find and usually expensive
c)	for example some sugars and fats
d)	an island between the North Sea and the Atlantic Ocean
e)	in Britain in the middle of the 20th century
f)	from the eleventh to the fifteenth century
g)	can buy everything under one roof
Changes in Diet and in Shopping
Britain is (1)__________For those who live near the sea,
fish and shellfish have always been important. Before people had fridges to keep food cold and fresh, they started to keep fish from going bad by salting, drying or smoking it. One thing which has changed is the way some people think about some foods. For example, shellfish1 like oysters were
1 shellfish ['Jel.fijj — моллюск
fairly cheap and quite ordinary. They were popular with poor people because anyone could go to a beach and pick
them up, for free. Today they are (2)They have become special.
In older days those who lived away from the sea first ate wild animals, but then they began keeping sheep, cows and chickens on farms. Farmers grew fruit and vegetables. Dur-
ing the Middle Ages, (3) ________ships brought sugar, nuts
and things from far away. When sailors went to foreign places, they brought back more kinds of food. At first only rich people could buy the things brought from overseas, but slowly they became cheaper and easier to find.
When (4) , cooking became much easier. Thanks to fridges and freezers people could keep food much longer.
The diet of many British people is quite different to that of their parents. Today we eat bananas and oranges and can buy them all the year round but it was very difficult
to find them (5)____________Nowadays we have many more
foods to choose from and new ways to cook them, like mi-crowave ovens. But we have less time for shopping and cooking.
These days we drive to supermarkets where we (6)_____________.
Some forty years ago people walked to their nearest shops almost every day. They went to the baker’s for bread, to the butcher’s for meat, to the greengrocer’s for fruit and vegetables and so on.
We also know more about health and the body today. Children grow up learning that some foods are good for us
while others, (7) ________, are bad. Some people have tries
to change their diet to eat healthier food and most shopping centres have health food shops which sell lots of different natural foods. Some people, called vegetarians choose not to eat meat at all.
5.
6.
7.
Unit
Speaking
Speak about the things that can following word combinations.
• to be physically active to take a lot of exercise to do morning exercises to join a sports club to go to the swimming pool
to go to the gym regularly
to spend much time outdoors
help people to live healthy. Use the
•	to sleep enough time
•	not to watch television a lot
•	not to spend hours before the computer
to keep to a healthy diet
•	to say no to harmful habits
Say what it means to lead a healthy life. Mention the following:
Л - healthy lifestyle;
healthy eating habits;
appropriate time to spend on work and relaxation;
no to harmful ways.
10
Work in pairs. Complete the dialogue and act it out.
At the Doctor’s
Doctor: Well, what seems to be the problem?
Rob: (1) I think I have a sore throat, doctor.
Doctor: So, it hurts to swallow,
doesn’t it?
Rob: (2)____________________________________________
I practically can’t eat.
Doctor: Open your mouth wide. I would like (3)
. Well, it’s rather red.
Rob: (4)
doctor?

Doctor: I don’t think it’s very serious. But you’ve got a cold. Do you have a headache?
Rob: (5)________________________________________ , doctor.
Doctor: Then let’s take your temperature.
{Some minutes later)
Rob: (6), doctor?
Doctor: Not very high. But you should stay in bed for two
Unit
or three days.
Rob: (7)
Doctor: Certainly. I will prescribe some medicine for your
sore throat and the temperature.
Rob: (8)
, doctor.
Comment on these proverbs and sayings.
Health is better than wealth.
• To wish well is a part of becoming well. (Seneca)1
A sound mind in a sound body. (Juvenal)1 2
Juvenal
1 Seneca — Луций Анней Сенека (Сенека младший, или просто Сенека) римский философ-стоик, поэт, государственный деятель
2 Juvenal — Децим Юний Ювенал — римский поэт-сатирик
Unit
1.	[wen] — weight
2.	[ig'zaemm] — 
3.	['kwikli] —_________________
9.	[kof] —______________________________
10.	[nst] — _______________________________
11.	[ni:] — ------------------------------
4.	[ao‘bi:s] — _________________________
5.	[I'llAf] — __________________________
6.	['stAmsk] —
12.	[pn'skraib] — 
13.	[’lareik] — ______________________
14.	[sni:z] —
7. ['faulda] — 	15. [medsn] — 
8. [Oraot] — 	16. [hel6] —
13
Use the new words from the box to
complete the sentences.
ankle, pain, cure, heart, meal, prescribe, swallow, sneezing, habit, coughing, toothache, weight, wrist
1. Do you usually eat at home or go out for a meal in the evening? 2. I think you should give up your harmful s. 3. Doctor, can you  something for my pain in the left side? 4. How long have you been  like that? And how long have you been smoking? 5. When you have a , you should go and see a dentist. 6. I have had a cold since Monday. Can you
 me of it, doctor? 7. I am coming down with a cold. I am coughing and ______________, and I think I am
running a high temperature. 8. Lily is too thin. In my view, she should put on 9. Betsy has a sore
throat. She says it hurts her to. 10. Brenda
has a weak
. Yesterday she had a strong
in it and they took her to hospital. 11. Russian-speaking people never say they wear watches on their . 12. I fell and have twisted1 my left________________________
Use the appropriate function words from the box to complete the sentences.
for, of, in, with, by, to, from, up, on, off, down
1. Larry is slowly recovering from his bad cold. 2. Well, what’s	the menu? 3. Smoking and taking drugs are dangerous	people’s health. 4. The
weight	the box was about three pounds, less than
one kilogram and a half. 5. Rebecca has been studying medicine	four years. 6. Phil says he has a strong
pain	his right side. 7. I would like to cure you
your bad cough. First of all you should give smoking. 8. What medicine has the doctor prescribed ______ your sore throat? 9. I am not sure I like
Paul very much. He always walks	his nose ________
the air. 10. Chris is taking this medicine	his earache. 11. Don’t eat too much pizza. You will put _____________
weight. _____ . the way, pizza is low	vitamins.
12. Our football team brought the opponents_____________their
knees. 13. Little Rick is really a pain	the neck.
Unit
to twist — вывихнуть
14. Some pupils stay	all night before their exams,
which is a harmful habit	their health. 15. Doctors
usually recommend their patients to stay _________ fat food.
16. Pete is coming	a cold.
Look at the pictures and write what their health problems are.
Unit
Mlkc	Robin
1.	Nick is running a temperature.
2.	Diana
3.	Ed
4.	Ellie
5.	Simon
6.	Sam
7.	Pat
8.	Mike
9.	Robin
g Use the suffixes -ness, -th, -ful, -less, -tion, -ing, -ly and prefixes un-, re- to form new words. Write their Russian equivalents.
1. white — whiteness
2. dark —
4. feel —
5. meet —
3. bright
6. begin —
7.	love — _______________
8.	kind — _______________
9.	shape — 
10.	wide —
11.	grow —
12.	strong —
13.	beauty —
14.	care —
15.	power —
16.	penny —
17.	child —
Choose one of the new words of your own.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Complete the sentences with tf
18.	tree — ______________________
19.	demonstrate —
20.	dictate — _	____________
21.	illustrate —
22.	read —
23.	write —
24.	place —
25.	friendly —
26.	smiling —
27.	healthy —
from exercise 16 and write 9 sentences
derivatives of the words on the right.
1. Sid never does anything the way he should
do. What a brainless creature he is.	brain
Unit
Unit
2.	People should get rid1 of their habits.
3.	The ______	was not easy but now
the patient is recovering.
4.	It is	to eat so much sugar.
5.	John is a student of a	col-
lege.
6.	Lucy’s _____________is not very serious
but it is very
7.	The	of the football field is
110 metres.
8.	The atmosphere was	nice.
We could see	and ____
faces everywhere.
9.	Doctors have little	_____ about
this disease.
10.	The air in the room was ____________
harm operate
danger medicine
ill pleasant long
real please, smile inform
smoke
not fresh at all.
Use the derivatives of the words on the right to complete the text.
1 to get rid — избавиться
A healthier and happier lifestyle is within reach of everyone. You (1) Simply
simple
follow should sensible1 and easy rules. To enjoy a high level of (2)	it is important to
eat adequate food, have enough rest and (3)	_______ _
Every (4)	person
needs to do morning exercises and
(5)	_____________ exercise to keep
(6) fit. Then you will improve the work of your lungs, heart and blood (7)	. (8)	speak-
ing, aerobic exercises may give you very
well
relax
health
regular
physical
circulate, general
good results.
Rewrite the sentences using the phrases from the box .
a real pain in the neck, has got a heart of gold, have her finger in every pie, walks with his nose in the air, a good head on his shoulders, eyes bigger than his stomach, to bring the country to its knees
1.	She will do anything for anyone. She is extremely kind
and helpful. — She has got a heart of gold.
2.	My little sister won’t leave me alone. She is really a big
problem. —  ________________	_________________
3.	John is full of self-importance. He is absolutely sure
that he is better than other people. —_____________________
4.	When my little cousin comes to me, he always says he will eat everything that he can see on the table. —
1 sensible ['sensabl] — разумный
5.	The enemy tried to defeat the country.
6.	Adam is a very bright pupil. —___________________- -	—
7.	Brenda wants to take part in all school projects and ac-
tivities. —_____________-______________________________________
Rewrite the sentences using the word enough.
1.	I have read some parts of the report to get the idea of what it is about. — I have read . enough _ (parts) _of the report to_get the idea_of what it is about.
2.	His appetite is good. He is recovering.
3.	You have had junk food. —
4.	There isn’t any time for us to try everything on the menu. —
5.	Brian didn’t move quickly and fell down. —
6.	Do you think I’ve made as many sandwiches as we need? —
7.	The task was easy. It took me just a quarter of an hour
to do it.
8.	Three days later Bridget felt well. She understood she
could leave hospital. —
9.	I didn’t have so much time because I had to finish the project. —_____________ _______________________________________
10.	Bruce spoke loudly for everybody to hear his words. —
151
Rewrite the sentences. Begin them with the word what.	q
1.	How healthy the teenager is! — What a healthy teen-	—
ager!
2.	How harmful your habits are! —	_____________________
3.	How quick the worker is! —	____________
4.	How hard these jobs are! —
5.	How bitter1 the medicine is! —	________________
6.	How long our meals are! —
7.	How boring the meeting was! —
8.	How dangerous the operation is! —
Rewrite the sentences. Begin them with the word how.
1.	What a clever answer it is! — How clever the answer is!
2.	What slow runners they are! —
3.	What a quick meal it was! —
4.	What a long recovery it was! —
5.	What a bad cough you are having! —
6.	What fine weather we are having! —
7.	What a powerful river the Volga is! —
8.	What tasty dessert we had! —
1 bitter ['bits] — горький

Use the phrases from your Social English to develop the situations.
1.	The lecture is not interesting, the
speaker is very slow.
How boring the lecture is! What a boring lec-
ture!
2.	Your relative has broken his arm.
Unit
3.	Your neighbour had a heart at-
tack and died.
Your friend left her handbag on a bench in the park.
5.	Last Tuesday was terrible. You lost your pocket money, missed1 the school bus and forgot to take your daybook with you. —
6.	Your best friend is going to Greece for a holiday.
7.	Your aunt has been to a very enjoyable show.
8.	Unexpectedly your school team has won the football fi-
nal.
to miss — зд.: опоздать

Find the odd word out in each line and write them down.
1.	painful, ache, sore, painless	ache
2.	obese, slim, stout, fat
3.	almost, nearly, practically, hardly
153
4.	heart, cough, lungs, throat
C
5.	swallow, sneeze, cough, pain	□
6.	habit, harm, hurt, ache	r+
r?? Write three forms of these verbs.
E	-----J----------- i
1.	осматривать I examine examined examined
2.	терять
3.	выбирать
4.	платить
5.	весить
6.	болеть
7.	расти
8.	говорить
9.	вести машину 10. обучать
11.	приносить
12.	сказать
13.	вылечить i	j	;	;
14.	летать
15.	течь	;	।
16.	понимать
Write questions to ask your friend(s) about their health. You want to know:
1.	if they have ever had a sore throat
Have you ever had a sore throat?
2.	how long they have been going to this school
3.	when they visited their dentist last
4.	if they eat fast food
5.	what they were doing at school after classes yesterday
6.	what the doctor prescribed for their cough when he/she was ill
7.	how much he/she weighs
8.	how long it usually takes him/her to recover from a cold
9.	what they have been doing since morning
Choose the appropriate words in brackets to complete the sentences.
1. It is raining (hard/hardly) hard. 2. Never give (up/
away)	hope. 3. My cousin (took/stayed)	up
gardening when she was fifteen. 4. The young man (made/
off with my mobile. 5. The film was very in-
took)
and I (gave/stayed)
up till 2 a.m. in the
teresting
6. I can’t (give/make )
out what she is
morning.
explain. 7. Haven’t you finished the job
(yet/still)
trying to
8. The damage to Emma’s health was
(such/so)
the sofa.
big! 9. The (sick/ill)
boy lay on
down
with
10. Every winter she (comes/gets)
the
cold. 11. Ellie has been cleaning the flat for two hours
and
she is (yet/still)
busy. 12. After the operation
the
patient could (hard/hardly)
your bags at the airport.
to (weigh/weight )
у Choose the right forms of the verbs in brackets to complete the sentences.
move. 13. Don’t forget
1.	My sister and me (think/thinks) think that daily1 exercise (is/are)	very important for people.
2.	The number of obese people in America (is/are)
growing. 3. Mary (will play/play)
the piano at the party. 4. How long have your parents (had/been having)	this farm? 5. We (lis-
tened/were listening)	to the piano pieces
by Bach at that time yesterday. 6. Jenny is very tired. She (has washed/has been washing) ___________ since noon.
7.	I (know/have known) _________________Peter all my life.
8.	We always (wanted/have wanted)	to
ЖННи'НЖЖЖЖ!
daily ['deili] — ежедневный
Unit
come to London. And now we (came/have come) here! 9. Greg (has not bought/has not
been buying)	any vegetables yet. 10. When
Emma (will come/comes)	, we (will discuss/
156 discuss)	all the details. 11. Mum, the doctor (has not come/did not come)	yet.
12. Anna (has been/is)	a member of this
club for several years.
Use the appropriate forms of the verbs in brackets to complete the story.
Long ago the land of Norway was a Viking1 land. The Vikings (be) (1) were strong brave people. Olaf the Strong was a Viking. He (have) (2) _____________ a son Sigurd.
the son to swim and ride
The father (teach) (3)
horses. At the age of three Sigurd could swim, at the age
a Viking
викинг
of five he (learn) (4)	to ride.
Olaf (feel) (5) _	proud of his
son. Sigurd’s mother was a wonderful storyteller and she often (tell) (6)	her children interesting
tales about the birds and animals of their
land. Sometimes Sigurd’s father (speak) (7) to the children before they (go) (8) to bed in the evening. The children (sit) (9) on the benches and (listen) (10) 1 S7 about their father’s travels to strange
lands. The lands (have) (11)	such wonderful	CZ
names...	— 
Use the appropriate forms of the words on the right to complete the letter. Dear Rachel, I (1) am writing to you to say that the	write
things (2)	a bit better. Yesterday	get
the doctor (3)	and (4) come
that he (5)	say,
my cough. He prescribed some medicine for	not like
it and (6)	me to drink hot	tell
milk with honey. Rachel, I (7)	this doctor all know
my life, I think. He is absolutely sure that the (8)_________________thing for any dis- good
ease is milk and honey. I hate drinking hot milk, and I (9)	it. I (10)	not do
in bed since Tuesday, practically	lie
unable to do anything. I never (11)___________be
like this before. I don’t know what (12)	to me, but I hope the happen
158
С
medicine (13)__________
I (14)
Write when you (15) time.
Love, Alice
me and soon help
recover
________ the have

Write 8—10 questions the doctors usually ask when they visit sick pie.
peo-
Write 8—10 sentences about what people should do to live longer lives.
See if you know the right
1. Of all the bones in est?
a) wrist b) ear
answer.1
the human body, where is the small-
c) ankle d) lips
2.	Who invented the thermometer?
c) Edison
d) Copernik
3.	How many bones are
there in the human body?
a) 106
b) 206 c) 306
d) none of the above
4.	Which specialist is
a) neurologist
c) dermatologist
a children’s doctor?
b) radiologist d) pediatrician
5.	Which of these diseases doesn’t start because of a virus?
a) a common cold	b) hepatitis
c) poliomyelitis	d) malaria
The
right answers are: 1. b, 2. a, 3. b, 4. d, 5. d.
Here are two jokes mixed up. Put the lines in the appropriate order.
a)	“Well, every time mother talks about the wedding father says: “Poor man.”
b)	“Why?”
c)	(returning): “She said to tell you it was none of your business.”
d)	“Is the man your sister is going to marry rich?”
e)	“Jimmy, run over and see how old Mrs Smith is this morning?”
See the answers on page 159.
f)	“Why? What on earth did you ask her?”
g)	“I don’t think so.”
h)	“Just what you told me. I said you wanted to know how old she was.”
Unit
Joke 1	Joke 2
160	1.	1.
2.	2.
3.	3.
4.	4.
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О. В. Афанасьева, И. В. Михеева, К. М. Баранова
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