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16

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20
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BeHTMllRl\OI.. (Ta611. 7)
22
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23

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3
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24
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38MeHY.
25

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neTb npaIlT"BCII" nOllHoe ynaBnBaHe CA.
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26
27

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lIa6eneM AnIolHoii 25 M.
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2000.. MOHIHO np..MeHRTb B l\eXOBbIX YCllOB..RX np.. cBaplle: nonyaBTOMaT"-
eclloii B 3aw..THb1X ra3ax. PY4HOii AyroBoii nOllpblTblM" 311eKTpOAaM.., oco-
6eHHo C <;JTOp..CTo-KBllbl\..eBbiM nOKpblT..eM. BblCOIIOllerl<pOBaHHbIX cralleii.
yryHa .. l\BeTHb'X MeTBllllOB.
OKVnaeMOcTb 3aTpaT 3a ceT ABYX- rpexllpaTHoro CH..HleH..R 06beMoB
BeHTnRM  cBR3aHHo c 3TM 3KoHoMMe 3neo3Hepr M Tenna B
28
29

EinoK nIolT1lH"R p arperaTB npeACTaBllRBT co6oii Hecra6w1I.1 poaa ii
MH II H8npRIKBH..R rIOCTOAHHOro TOKa, npe06pa3VlOll\l1" nepeM8HHblii TOIl
H8npRIIIBIMBM 220 B'Iacroroii 50 rUB nOCTORHHblii HanpRlHeH..eM 24 8. OH co6paH
B MeTBllll....BCHOM IIOpnyce, BHllaeT TpBHctpopMaTOp, ycrpoiiCTBO
np"H'fAI'ITeIlbHoro oxna_"R .. aBTOMaT1ol'leClU1ii BbIHlllO'l8Tellb C ,qayMR crena-
HRM.. 381l1"Tb1 (TOIIOBOii .. TeMoaoii).
r l16KI1ii B03,QyXOBQ/\ A"aMeTpoM 200 MM  An"HOii 20 M COCTOKT ..3 ABCIm1
OTABnbHbIX CeKl\OIii, CCJeAHHeHHbIX MBII\QV co6oii CTallbHblM.. lI"ll"I1QpaM" C
I1OMOU\bIO xOMVTOB, .. B03,QyX03860pHOii BOpOHIIOI. Ha BXQ[\B B aopoHI\V
ycTaHoeneHa MCKporacRl1\8A CTallbH8A &eTHa. BopoHKa MOIKeT 6b1Tb CHa6H<eHa
M!IOiMTHbiM >In" 3llBHTpOMaOITHbIM <fJMKCaTOpOM. r OI6tu1e CTII BO:JAVXOIIOA8
..3roTBon..aalOT no Op.1rnHBnbHOii TeXHCJ11Of>1.., pa3pa6oTaHHOii cnBl\OlBll"CT8M"
Yllpa..HCIIOro HIllIi! COIHtTm1'teCIII1X IIOI1OIIOH  MKTl..I«TeMn', OH npeACTaBllAIOT
co6oii ABVXCJ"1OiiHble M6H"e wnaHrn, OCHoooii (BHyTpeHHeii acTbIO) IIOTOpbIX
ABllAeTCR HBrOp..ii q,onbl\1poBaHHblii 1I03,I:\VX0IIQA. BHeWHAA 'IacTb
BOOIIOA8 - HeropIO'K!EI non..3<fJt.1pHoe BA38HHoe nanOTHO, 06TRrnBaIOIl\BB
BHyTpeHHIOIO q,onbrnpoaaHHVIO aCTb, C BMeTeHHOii MBTBllll"'IBClloii npoeollOHOi1
B 1I000HYeCTBe 1,5% OT MaCCbI nollOTHB. 3m no3BOllRBT OOM"MQ OOBblWeH"R
113H0C0CT0ii1lOCTM BO:>I\VXOBOAB 06ec"BaTb CH"lHeH"e 3neHTp"'!BCKoro
cOnP<JT1'fTBlleH"R nollOTIia C 4'10 3 I¥> 1,5'10 3 OM AnA npeAOTBpaLlleHA B03MOIHHOii
..CHpOrBHBpal\Ol" 38 C'leT CHfffi1R crarnecKOro 38PAAB
ArperaT BK.naIOT C nOMOll1blO TyM611epa AO Haalla CBBpO..HblX pa60T ..
Bblt\JllO'-lalOT naClle HX OKOHY8HII1R.
Oc06eHHocTblO IIOHCTPYIIU.... ClJBA .. T eMn-HT.. ABllReTCA TO, TO B erc CO-
CTaB BXOA"T aCTb ClJSA ..TeMn 2000.. - BeHTllRU"OHHblii arperaT C <;J>lnbT-
pOM .. BCTb nSA ..TeMn-HB.. - r..6....ii B03AyxOBOA .. npeo6pa30RaTenb
TOlla (P>lc. 16). ArperaT npeAHa3HBeH AnR YAalleH..A cBapo..Hblx .. APyr"x
a3p030neii "11" nbill" .. AnA o....CTK" OT H'" B03Ayxa. EiIlarOJ:lapR H..3110-
BOllbTHOMy B3pblBo- .. nrnKap06B30naCHOMY ..cnOllHeH..1O MOIHHO np"Me-
HRTb A/lR c60pa nbln.. eo B3pblBoonaCHblX YCIlOB"AX. B 3aB"C"MOCT" OT Ha.
3HaeH"A YCTaHOBIIY 1I0MnllellTylOT COOTBeTCTBYIOI1\..M" 4J..llbTpaM...
,-.-.,.
..
TeXHH'IflCHaR XSp8KrepHCTHH8 nBA .TeMn--HB.:
npO"3BOA"TellbHOCTb YAan"""R (HarHBTOH"A) B03AVXa, ,;,_....................3500
MOIl\HocTb 3nBl<TpOAB"raTellR, HBT... ... ............... ............ .,.... ... ..............1,35
HanpAHlBH"e n"TaH"A (nepeMeHHblH TOil), B.................__.........................220
HanpAH<eH..e Ha RbI.OAB npeo6p830BBTellA, B...________.................................24
Maces, Kr, He 001lee...............................................................__.............16
ArperaT MOIHHO "CnOnb30BaTb B W"POIIOM Aana30He TBMnepaTyp
ollPYlHalOl1\eii CpeAbl: OT -40 AO +50 .C.
np.. pa60Te arperaT YCTaHBBllBBIOT B HenocpeAcTBeHHoii 61130CT" OT
MeCTa npOBeAeHHR CBapolIblx "11" APyr..x pa60T. B03Ayxonp..eMHYIO
BOpOHKY nOABoART Ha paccTORHlole 30-60 CM OT 30Hbl cBapoHorii Ayr >In
Apyroro "CTOHlIa BbiAeneH"A BpeAHblx BBIl\eCTB. B CllV'lae OTllaII"
(HallaII") B03Ayxa "3 pa60eM eMlIocrn B03AyxonpeMHYIO BOPOHIIY
nOMel1\alOT BHYTPb. BoPOHKY MOIHHO IIpen"'b C nOMOl1\blO PYllaBHoro
npcnoc0611eHA 10111.. MarHTa (B 3aB..C..MOCT.. OT Tpe60BBH.... 3alla3"II8).
PHC 16. HM3HOBOnbTHWM
BA . TeMn-HT.
TeXHHeCHaR xapaHrBpHCTHHa 4'BA «TeMn--HT.:
npOH3BOJ:l,l.tTel1bHOCTb VAaneHHR B03J\Vxa. .JI'i................. .1500-2000
MOI.ll.HOCTb 3neKTpOABIoiIraTenA. KBT... ....................1.2
Hanp'UtleHllte nIilTaHIilFi. B................................. ........220
HanpAH(eHllle Ha Bb$XOne npeo6pa30BaTenn, B..... ...24
,lJ,nMtla B03AyxoBoJJ.a. M..... ................9
A..aMeTp B03AyxoBoAa. M... ..150
Macca. Hr. He 6onee.................. ........................ .................. .36
BeHrnllRu..oHHOO o6opyAOBaH"e .WMellb.. B CKT6 <1>"3"lIo-xM..e-
CKoro "HcT"TyTa "M. A. B. 6oraTclloro HAH Yllpa"Hbl COBMeCTHO C
1i!3C "M. E. O. naTOHa pa3pa60TaH 1I0MnnellT BeHT>lnAII..OHHoro 06oPYAoBa-
H..R pa311....Horc Ha3Hd..eH"R: nepeAB..IHHoii ClJSA «WMellb-3501-H.. nepe-
30
31

HOCHOii I1>BA ..OCA-300.  nepep,B..lI<Hoii BeHTMR"OHHblii arperaT (nBA)
"WMellb-2500Jl 127-29). B nOCll8,[\Hee BpeMR H. 1-1. Iilnb..HCII..M (Op,ecca)
pa3pa60TaHa ellje OAlia oprHanbHaA Mop,ellb «t>BA CCTeMbi "WMellbJl-
"WMBllb-1500Jl [30).
OAHoii 3 OCHOBHbIX 3l1cnnyaTau..oHHblX xapaKTep..crnll I1>BA ABllReTCR
Cpoll cnYHi6bl np..MeHAeMblx B H..X AnR Q4"CTII B03,Ayxa <;JloIllbTpYlOllIIoIx 311e.
MeHTOB, a cnep,oeaTeJ1bHO, He06xoP,"MOCTb ..x nep..eellOii O"CTII .. 3a-
MeHbI. KpoMe Toro. HeManOBaHiHO yp,06CTBo  nerHOCTb ynpaBlleH..A YCTpoii-
CTBOM ynaBll..eaHR Bpep,Hblx BeUleCTB np ero YCTaHoBlle HB M"H"MiIllbHOM
paCCTOAH" OT cBapOHoii P,YrM. IIIMeHHo 3T>!  HBlloTopble APYr"e npBOlMY-
l1\eCTBa 06eenBalOT cBapUlHKY TaHe YCllOB..R TpYAS, np.. 1I0TOpblX OH B
nepBYIO oepe.t\b MOHieT aa6oT..TbcA 0 lIecTBe CBBpll, a He 06 YnpaBlleH....
 06cnV1"BaH I1>BA. 1lo3ToMy npo611eMa C03,D,aHA /J,IlR cBapUIMlloB yp,06-
Hoii IIOHCTPYH4.... <PBA C <;JWlbTpOM, ..MelOl1\..M nOBblwBHHblii Cpoll 3l1cnnya-
T8". OCTaeTCA aKTyallbHoii.
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3BOllReT B 3HaI1TellbHOii Mepe ..36eHiaTb MHornx TloIn"'IHblX HeP,OCTaTHOB.
Op,Hoii ..3 OC06eHHocTeii 3TOro I1>BA ABllReTCR TO, TO ero IIOHCTPYIIU..A
npep,CTaBnReT c060ii 6110HYIO C"CTeMY, 0611eaIOI1\YIO TeXHecKOe 06-
cllYHi"BaHe .. 3BMeHY <;JnbTpa 6e3 cneuallbHoro "HcTpyMeHTa. Hall 
aHanorHble arperaTbl. "WMellb-1500Jl COCTOIolT 1013 BeHT>!llAUOHHOro ar-
paraTa co CMeHHblM <;J>lnbTpOM, B03P,YXOBop,a, TBlleHiH" (pBMB HB 1I0llecaX), a
TallHie AonOllHloITBllbHOro HOBoro YC1poiicTBa 6anaHcpoBII B03,QYXOBO,[IB---
naHTorpa<;Ja C npoT"BOBecoM .. rl-l,lJ,paBll..eclIM aMOpT>!38TOpOM (P"c, 17).
B IIOpnyce BeHT"llRU"OHHoro arperaTa Ha p,H"l1\e CMOHTlolpoBaH n06YA"-
Tellb TArn B Bl-I,D,e HpblllbaTII", 3allpenlleHHoii Ha 311eKTpOp,B..raTene. 3p,eCb
Hie npeAVCMoTpBHbl nonBCT cnpRMloITellA nOTOIIB B03p,yxa. B BepxHeii
IIpblWlle Ha nonYHollbue C nOMOl1\blO 3y6UOB  <;JIIC8Topa YllpenneH CMeH-
Hblii <;JnbTp cneu..anbHoii IIOHCTPYIIU.... C MHorollpaTHo YBell"eHHoii
<tJO!llbTpYlOl1\eii nOBepxHoCTblO no cpaBHeH..1O C aHalloraM. B HeM B lIae-
CTBe <;J..nbTpYlOl1\ero MaTep..ana cnOllb30BaH MHOrocnoiiHblii CHTeTe-
CIIii nOllnpO","lleHOBblii MaTepan Mapll" Hl1>n 50--0,6A OTeeCTBeHHoro
npO"3BOACTBa. repMeT"3aUA <;JWlbTpa OCYl1\eeTBlleHa nyreM BABraHA C
nOMOl1\blO PY4H IIpblWII.. C YCTpoiicTBOM cenapaUM" aCT"U BHyrpb 1I0pny-
ca. AH"l1\e  BepXHRA IIpblWlla np"lIpenlleHa II 1I0pnycy arperaTa xOMyra-
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M" np..llpBnneH r..6K..ii B03,AYXOBOA. Ha 1I0pnyce CMOHT"pOBaH nYllbT
32
ynpaBlleH..A. TelleHilla, B ueHTpe HOTOpoii 1I0pnyc arperaTa, COCTOT 3
p,BYX oceii Ha 1I0llecax.
.. so
Ii
,
I
PMC.17 n pea__
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nblx yqaCTlloB wnaHra p,HaMBTpoM 160 MM. ..3 orHecTO"IIO TIIaH" .. npAMOll'"
HCi<HblX yqacTlloB l\OIll"HAP..eCII"X TOHIIOCTeHHb'x TPy6, 1I0TOpble Coep,"HRIOT
MeHlAY co60i< XOMVTaM". B03P,yx03a60pH..1I B03P,YXOBop,a C nOMOl1\blO cneUOl-
allbHoro YCTpoiicTBa MOHiHO nOBopa"BaTb B ",060;; nllOCHOCT'" Ha yrOll He
MeHee 160" .. HBAeHiHO ctJlIc"poBaTb B 3aJ:l8HHOM nOllOHieHIoI...
C"cTeMa naHTOrpactJa C npoT"ooBecoM .. rIolApaon....ecH..M aMOpTH3a:
TOpOM 06ecneBaBT llemoe nepeMel1\eH..e B03,AyxoBoAa B BepTIolHallbHo"
nllOCIlOCT. KOHCTPYHl\OIR arperaTa n03BOllAeT 6blCTpO .. llerllO YCTaHaBll..'
BaTb B03,Ayxonp..eMHI1I1 B Tpe6yeMoM nOllOHieH...., TO Q4eHb BaHiHO A/lR
CBapl1\..lIa.
np.. pa60Te arperaTa Ha Bxop,e B B03AYXOBOP, C nOMOl1\blO BeHTnl1TOpa
c03AaeTCR pa3peH<BH..B  Bb'AellRIOI1\..iicR cBapoHblii a3p03011b YllaBll'"
BaeT B03Ayx03a60pH",H. YCTaHoBlleHHblii (c nOMOl1\blO naHTorpactJa) Ha M":
H..MallbHOM paCCTOAHI1.. OT "CTOH"Ha ero 06pa30BaH"R. 3arpR3HeHHb'"
B03P,Yx epe3 B03AyxOBOA  naTpy60H Ha IIpblwlle Hopnyca nocrynaeT
BHyrpb cenapaTopa. rp,e 6011ee HpynHble aCTUbl a3p03onR OTp,ellRIOTCR OT
B03P,yxa  OCaHiAalOTCA Ha AHe 1I0pnyca <;J"llbTpa. Aallee nOTOII B03p,yxa 
oCTanbHoii aCTblO B3p030nR HanpaBllAeTcA Ha nep<;Jop"pOBBHHb'"
<;J"llbTPYIOI1\ii 311eMeHT, rp,e Ol1\aeTCR, npoxoA"T epe3 c.npAMllAlOl1\ee
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B 3aB..CMMOCrn OT Ha3HaBH..n. a TallHiB no -rpe6oeaH1O 38118"118
«t>BA "WMertr-15oo. HOMnlleHTylOT /1OIlOllH"TBIlbHbIM <tJMnbTJ>OM /J,IlR ynaBll"Ba-
H"R ra3006pa3HbIX epe,D.HblX BBIl\eCTB .. 3anaCH M" CMBHHb'M" <;J>lnb rpYIOUI"_
33

3neMeHTaM. HpoMe TOro, Ha B03AYX03a60pH1I arperaTa MO>KHO ycTaHOBIofTh
r8110reHHVIO l1aMnOKY AnA nOBbIWeHA OCBBUlBHHocrn 30HbI CBaplll-t, '110 CVIl\B.
CTeeHHO CKa3b1BaerCR Ha KaBCTBe BblnOllHReMbiX CeapHblX WBoe.
TeXHHeCHaR xapaKrepHCTHHa ClJBA .WMenb-1500»:
npO..3Bon..TenbHOCTb YAa/1eH..R Bo'nyxa. ';/......................................1500
Pa3peH<eH"e Ha BXOne B BO'AYXOBOJl, na..............................................2500
CTeneHb O"lHCTKIoi B03Avxa, 0/0......... ......... ......... '0' ............... ...... .............98
MOUlHOCTb. nOTpe6nReMaR erperaToM, H8T..............................................2.2
HanpRH<BH..e nmaH"R, (Tpex<j>a.Hoe),8................................................. 380
nnou;anb pa6o"eM nOBePXHOCT" <j>..nbTPYIOUjero .neMeHTa, ,}....................10
P8A"YC 06Clly>H"BaH"R. M, He oonee.......................................................3.0
ra6apmHbiB pa3Mepbl (68. BO'nYXOBOna.. Honecl. MM.................B20<65Ox650
Macca, Hr. He 6onee.................................... ...___... ................--..............65
Pe3YllbTaTbI npOl-t3BoACTBeHHbIX ..cnblTaHii I1>BA "WMellb--1500., npo-
BeAeHHblB Ha npeAnp"AT"AX noproB OAeccbI .. IOIIIHoro, nOlla3811... TO ero
..cnOllb30BaH..e np pHoii AyroBoii cBaplle C np"MBHeHeM 311ellTpoAoB
AHO--4 A>1aMeTpOM 4 MM  nOllyaBToMaT..ecllOii B yrnellclloM ra3e npoBo-
nOllOii Ce-{J8r2C AaMeTpoM 1.2 MM B cBapo..HblX l\Bxax 06ecneBaeT co-
ABplllaHe BpeAHblX BBUlBCTB B 30He AblxaH..R CBapll\Mlla HlIIe npeABllbHo
AonYCTOlMblX 1I0HUBHTpau..ii. CpOIl cnylll6b1 <;J>lnbTpa np BOCbMBCOBoii
pa6eii CMeHe CCCTaBllReT He MeHee 5 Mec.
npO3BOACTBeHHbJe cnbITaH"A nOlla3an... TO I1>BA "WMellb--1500.
06BcneBaBT:
· 34>cpeKTM8HOe VJlBBnMBBHMe cBapo'iHOrO a3po30AA ...., BbICOKVIO creneHb
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· llBrllYIO .. Iib.CTpylO YCTaHoaHY e03nyxo.a60pHoro VCTpoi1cma e Tpe6yeMOe
nOnOIHeHlI1e B npo118CCe BbinonHeHMR CBapO'iHbIX J:86OT;
· VJ106CT80 "PM aBMeHe cplllnbTpOB  TeXHM'iecKOM o6cnyltto1B8HHII1;
· nOBbIWeHHb$ CpOH Mcnonb30BaHMft CMeHHoro CPMJ1bTpYIOU!ero 3.f1eM&fTa;
· V l1 )"1we H tiblM 0630p 30HbI cBapHM;
· nOHMH{eHHbIM yposeHb WVM8 3neHTpOABwaTenR BeHTHJJITOpa;
· ,wuofrel1bHblH pecypc II1Cn0l1b30BaHHA Brper8TB.
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nOB. B lIaeCTBe <;JOIllbTpYlOllIero 311eMeHTB B HBM cnonb30BaHa CMa..-
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cocTaBllAlOll\Mx CA. CTeneHb ynaBll..BaH..A ra30B COCTaBllABT 99%, a
TCCA- He MeHee 90%. ArperaT 311ellTp06e30nacBH, HanpAlfleH..e n"TBIO-
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3
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1113C M. E. O. naToHa.
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nOTpe6nReM8R MOU,tHOCTb. HBy..............._.. -
CpOH Cl1y}H6bl 4>HnbTpyJOU!eH KacceTbi. MeC.....
BpeMR pa60Tbi cpMl1b TPVKJllIeM K8CCeTbl no
ef;! pereHepaLl.....H. .........-..............
r a6apYlTHble pa3Mepbl. MM...
Macca arperaTa. Hr.......nm.....
n eHoCHoii BeHT..llRU..OHHbli1 arperaT "WMellb-2500" (28] npeAHa-
3Ha..: A/lR YAallBH..R .arpR'HeHHoro B03Ayxa np BblnOllHeH Bapo-
HblX, nOllpacOHblX .. APyr..x B"AOB pa60T B 3aMIIHYTblx 0 bBMax
.........300
..99.5
.......2500
......24.5
.__0.7
.....,__..__.24
................300
... ............. .600x350x250
..............__........ ..20
34
35

(P"C, 19) - TplOMax CYI10B, "cTepHax " T. 11., a Tallllle A/lA nOl1a" "CTOro
B03Ayxa B pa60..ylO aOHY (P"c, 20).
B03AYXOBO/1a, 6blCTpOCbBMHbiX XOMYTOB AJlR COBI1..HeH..R celluloIi:i B03AY-
XOB0l10B MelMAY c060ii .. 61101la CeTBBOro n"TaH"A. npO..3BoA"TenbHoCTb
BBHTMllATOpa np.. HcnOllb30BaH.... c06paHHoro H3 cellllOlii B0311YXOB0l1 a
An"Hoii 20 M COCTaBllRBT 2500 M3/, HanpAllleHHB nHTaHIolA OT cneu"allbHO-
ro BblnpAMHTenbHoro 6nolla 12 B, MOOCTb 3neKTp0I1B..raTBnR 1,5 IIBT,
Macca BeHT..llATopa 6e3 B03AyxoBOl1a 12 IIr.
S3000
PI1C_ 19_ PaooTa .WMenb-2500. B
3aMKHYTOM 06'b8Me (8 TplOMe) Ha
OTCOC M Bbl6poc B03J1yxa &13
patxNeM 30HbI
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CA 311eIlTp06e30naCHOCTb. nOCHOnbHy nOTpe611ReMoe HanpAllleH..e He n e.
BblwaeT 12 B. 3TO n03eonReT "cnonb30BaTb ero n p " pa60Te B p
n . 3aMKHYTbiX
p ICTpdHcmax C oc060 onaCHblM.. YCllOB..RM...
p 22. CeN.&MA BO08OAB c 3I18KI'pOMlrHMTHbIMAep
nBA .WMenb-2500_: 1 - 8.WqQHOM niITpy6cH; 2 - 3/16KTpoMlIfH/lfTHbIM
ltepHfa7e1Jb; 3 - n''16HHH PYWBS;" - Ha6enb nHT8HMR; 5 - JyM6nep4 rJA
fJHJ1IO'48MfifR 3/JeKTpOMlJfHHTHOfO ltepHfSTfV7A
I
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nOllHBHHblii B BOIAe «Yll"TII"", B 1IOT0pOM pa3MBI1\eH 3neKTpoI1B..raTenb
(eM. p"c. 21). Ha Bany 3neKTp0I1B..raTellA 3allpenneHo MHOrOllOnBCTHOB pa-
60eB 1I0lleco. Hopnyc HMBBT BXO,I\HOi1 H BblXOAHOii naTpy6I1" A/lR nOAKnIO-
eH"R B0311VXOBOAOB, a TatllKe IIpblWKY. 1I0TopaR OAHoBpeMeHHo BbinOllHAeT
<;JYHIIU.. H nOI1CTaBIIH .. KaT'(WIIH I111R HaMOTII.. lIa6enR 311eKTPHeclloro n"Ta
HHR np.. rpaHcnopTOlpoBlle arperBTa. Ha 1I0pnycB BeHTllnRTOpa wapH"pHo
3aHpenneHa pHa AJlR ero nepeHoclI".
Bxol1 H o ii B03AYXOBOA COCTOHT "3 r,,6110ro PYllaBa, c ol1Hoii CTOpOHbl 110-
Toporo 3allpennBH MBTanll..eclI..ii naTpy6ol1 c 311eIlTpoMarH..THblM l1eplllB-
TelleM, npe,I\Ha3Ha'leHHblM AnA IIpenneHHR Bro B 30He CBaplI.., a C I1PY-
roii - <;JllaHB n03BonRlO1lI"ii HapBllI"BBTb 1I0ll..ecTBO CBII..ii B03AYXO-
BOl1a C LlenblO YBen..eH"A ero I111HHbl (CM. pHC. 22). CeIlU"H B03AyxOB0l1 a
BblnOllHBHbI H3 TBpMOCTOiillOii TllaHH H cHa6111eHbi 1I0HBBbIMH <;JllaHaM"
AnA CTblIIOBH.. C BXOAHblM B0311VXOBOI10M H APyr C I1pyroM.
EillOIl 311eKTP..ecHOro n..TaH..R ..MeeT MBTanllHeCII..ii 1I0pnyc. B IIOTO-
pOM CMOHT"pOBaHbI C"'llOBOii rpaHc<;JopMaTOp, BblnpRM..Tenb, aBTOMaT
BKnIOeH"A n"TaH"A .. pa3beMbi AnA nOI1KnIOBH"A BeHT"llATOpa .. 3nBII-
TpOMarH"THoro AeplllaTellA.
r
-
PMC 21. I1epeHOCHOH
BeHTMIIAt.lMOHHblH
Brpenrr .WMenb---2500.
ArperaT "WMellb-2500" COCTO..T ..3 ClleAYIOI1\"X OCHOBHblX aCTe'"
UBHTp06elllHOro BeHT..llRTOpa (p"c, 21), BXOI1HOro r..6Horo B0311yxoBoAa 
aneKTpOMarHII1THbiM AcpmaTeneM n p M nOMO
_ ,11\" HOToporo B03I1yxonp..-
eMHbl" naTpy5011 .penAT Ha MeCTe CBapH" (P"c, 22), OTl1enbHblX ceIlU.."
36
37

nepcne/fTJfBb' pa3BmJfR Cpe.QCTB MecTHoH BeHTH11RH
AHan..a nTepaT)'pbl, nOCBRUleHHOii COBpEMeHHblM CpB,tICTBaM BeHT"-
llAU, CBOI.t\BTBllbCTlJyeT 0 TOM, TO Ha6011eE nepCneKT..BHblM HanpBBlle-
H..eM B 3TOii 06nacrn ABllAeTCA 06ecneeHe MeCTHOrO Y,tIalleH..R CA T. e.
C03,t1aH..e MeCTHblX BblTAIIIHblX VCTpOiiCTB, nEpe,QBIIIHbIX  nepeHOCHblX
I1>BA, BCTpoeHHblX B CBapHOe 060PYAOBaH>Ie YCTpOiiCTB OTCOCa, <tJO!llbT-
pOB AnR YllaBllBaH"A CA.
np.. 3T,?M BaIllHO OCOOeHHOCTbKJ RBllAeTCA 10, '!TO np"MeHeHe I1>BA  APY-
r..x ycrpo"CTB MBCTHOro 0TC0ca C <;J"llb TpOM noaBOllAeT peWOITb He TonbHO r.
r..eH"eCIIe npo6neMbI (3all\..Ta opraHOB ,tIblXaHR CBapUl..IIOB OT BpeA-
HbiX Bell\eCTB), HO .. 3110ll0r..eCII"e - "36aBTb npO"3BO,QCTBeHHYIO ..
OllpYlllalOll\ylO cpeAY OT Bpe,tlHblX Bbl6poCOB CeapO'lHoro npO"3BOJJ.CTBa.
HeAOCTaTOII CYll\eCTBYIOIl\"X OTeeCTBeHHbIX I1>BA - np..MeHReMble B
HX <tJOIllbTPbl O"ll\alOT B03.t\yx npe..MYIlIBCTBeHHO OT TCCA .. ll"Wb HeIlO-
Topble OT,tIellbHble Mapll" I1>BA - OT Bpe,QHbl' ra3006pa3HblX COCTaBllRIO-
Il\X CBapOHbIX a3poaOlleii (rCCA). n03TOMY aKT)'allbHoii OCTaeTCR 38,t1aa
pa3pa60TII" HOBbiX <;J..llbTpOB  I1>BA, Oll\alOll\Mx B03AVX CBapOlIblX Ue-
XOB lIaK OT nblll.., TaK .. OT BpeAHblX ra30B. 3TO ,QaCT B03MOIIIHOCTh "CnOllb-
30BaTb peupIlYI1AU"1O BOa,Qyxa B npO3BO,tlCTeeHHbIX uexax.
Ell\e O,tl..H He,QOCTaTOII ..MelOll\..XCR <;JllbTpOB 3aK.nIOBeTCR B He06xo-
,Q"MOCT" X nep"o,Qeclloii pereHepBU, TO C03,t1aeT onpB,QeneHHble
HeY,Q06cTBa. n03TCMY BaIllHbIM.. Tpe60BaHAM" II HOBblM pa3pa6oTHaM
RBllAIOTCA He06xo,tl"MOCTb nOBblweH..A cpolla CllYIII6bl <;J..llbTpOB  npo.
CTOTa ..x 3aMeHbI. B 3TOM OTHoWeH.... onpeAelleHHble npeMYliIecTBa
MeIOT 3lleIlTpOCTanNeclIe <;JOIllbTpbl. B no..Cl\8x HOBblX <;JloIllbTpOB AnA
YllaBn..BaH..A TOIIC"HblX ra3006pa3HblX 1I0MnOHeHTOB CA npeAnOTeH..e
Clle,QyeT OTAaBaTb COp6"OHHD--<Pllb TPYIOIl\..M, a Tallllle lIaTall"T"eCII"M
MaTepallaM. AnA OCTII" B03Ayxa OT TOKC"Horo OIlCOIJJ.a yrnepo,Qa ue-
lleco06pa3HO np..MeHATb ero H"3110TeMnepaTypHOe lIaTan"T..eCKoe AO-
OHcneHe .110 6e3BpeAHoro yrnell..Clloro raaa. KpOMe TOro, AllA YllaBll'
BaH..A BpeAHblX ra30B lIBlleco06pa3HO cnonb30BaTb npl-tpOAHble 3BpH-
CTbie MHepallbHble MaTepallbl.
KaK nOlla3all onblT, MHoro06pa3e YCllOB..ii TpYAa B CBapOHOM npo.
"3BO,QCTBe Tpe6yeT npMeHeH"A I1>BA pa3n"Hoii npOl-t3BO,Q..TellbHOCTIol.
nepCneIlT..BHblM.. RBnAIOTCR pa3pa60TIIB  npMeHeHl-te I1>BA 6011bwoii
npo..aBOAKTenbHocrn (He HlIIe 1000 M3/). I1>BA Manolit npo"3Bo,QTellb-
HOCT (0110110 100 M'/), XOTA  ..MeIOT orpaHONeHHYIO o611aCTb npOlMeHe.
H"A, ABllAIOTCA 3110HOMeCII BblrO,QHblM. Hs6011ee Lleneco06ps3HO ..x
38
npll1MeHRTb B KOMnneti.Te c ropenKaMII1, ()CHaLlt.eHHblMII1 acnHpaoHHblM
YCTpoiicTBOM, np.. MexaH..a"poBaHHoii cBaplle. no-npeHlHeMY aKTYallbHOii
OCTaeTCA paapa60Tlla acnpau"oHHoro YCTpOiiCTBa AJlR cYll.\eCTBYIOIl\"'X ..
HOBblX ropelloll nOllyaBTOMaTOB, 06eCne'l"BalOll\erO Tpe6YeMbie aproHoM"-
"ieCHe xapaKTep....,cTKH.
AnR oc06o onaCHblX ycnoB&.1ii TPYJJ.8 CBapll\..IIOB (aaMIIHVTbIx npocTpBHCTB),
rAe HeB03MOHlHO np"MeH H..e <DBA  .!IPymx l\PenAlJ..\Io1xCA MecTHblX OTCOCOB.
He06xo,Q>1Mb1 nepeHocHbiB BeHTWlAl\OIOHHblB arperaTbt npo..3Bog..TellbHOCTblO
2500-3000 M3/, OCHall\eHHbIe r&.16H"M B03AYXOBQ,QOM, 1I0TOpble rapaHrnpylO1
TBHHle .. 3neKTpo6e30nacHOCTb CBapIl\MHOB.
CBapo'lHb,e ropenHH co BCTpoeHHb'M OTCOCOM
3<;J<;JeIlT..BHbIM HanpaBlleH..eM Ylly..weH..A COCTOAH..R B03.t\YWHOii cpe-
,QbI np.. MexaH..3"poBaHHo;; cBaplle B 3all\..THblX ra3ax RBllReTCA "cnOllb-
aOBaH..e ropelloll co BcrpoeHHblM OTCOCOM, 1I0Topble uelleco06paaHo np'
MeHATb np.. cBaplle B TPYAHoAOcTynHblx MeCTax ..11.. np cBaplle ..3.t\ell..ii,
I(OHCTPYIIU..A 1I0TOpblX He n03BOllReT ..cnOllb30BaTh APyr..e T..nbl YCT'
PO;;CTB AJlA oTcoca[32).
np.. pa3pa60Tlle Tallore 060pYAOBaH"R V'lKrbIBaIOT He TOllbllO 3<;JcjJell'
n1BHOCTb VAaJ1eHII1R BpenHblX B8Llt.eCTB, HO  B3aLi1MOAet1CTSlI1e BbITRHiHO ....,
raa03all\..THoii cTpyii, Bll..AlOll\ee Ha 3<fJ<;JellT..BHOCTb ra30Boii aall\..Tbl CBS-
pHoii BaHHbI. YCTaHOBlleHO, TO OnT..ManbHoii HOHCTpYH..eii, 06ecne...
BalOUjBii Hall XOPOWYIO ra30BYlO 3all\MTy 30Hbl CBaplI.., Tall .. a<;J<;JeHT&.1BHOe
YllaBrBaH..e CA RBllRBTCR ycrpoiicTBo. BblnOllHeHHoe B B",Qe Ull"Hgp..e
CIIOro conlla, pacnollollleHHore CHapYIII.. ra30aall\..THoro conna Moallc..allbHO
eMY. 06pa3ylOll\..iiCR np.. CBapHe S3p03011b BcaCblBaeTCA B03,Qyxonpl-teMH'
KOM ropenK". pacnOllOllleo-lHblM Ha HellOTopOM paCCTORH"''' OT cpeaa conna
AnR nO,Qa" 3all\..THoro ra3a. T paHcnopT"pOBKY aanbllleHHoro B03,Qyxa npo.
3BO,QAT no r..6HOMY wllaHry ,Q..aMeTpoM 28-38 MM, nO,QK.nIOeHHoMY II no-
6Y,QKrelllO TAr... B lIaeCTBe 1I0TOpOro MOIIIHO ..cnOllb30BaTb ueHTpan..30'
BSHHYIO BbrrRIIIHYIO BblCOIIOBallVYMHYIO CCTeMY ll &.1HA..BOI,O,yanbHbl;; I1>BA,
ooecneBalOll\..e pa3pAHleH..e nOPRAHa 18-20 IIna.
OCHoBHoe Tpe60BaH..e II YCTpoiicTBaM Tallora Tna - B03MOIIIHOCTb
YASllTb OT MeeTa CBapll" He MeKee 75% 06paaylOIl\erocA CA.
AnR TOro, T06bl He Hapywall8Cb ra30BaR 38IJ..\101Ta caapo'Hoii BaHHbl CIIO-
pOCTb AB..llleH..R e03,Qyxa y MeCTa BblAelleH..A CA He ,QOllIIIHa npeBblWaTh 0,5-
0,6 M/c np.. cBapHe B yrnBII..clloM raae nopowlloBOO npoBollolloi1 .. npoBOllo-
110.. cnllOWHoro ceeH..R .. 0,2-0,3 we np.. cBaplle B aproHe.
39

cnOllb30BaH" WnBHrOB C BHYTpeHHM AaMeTpoM 20-25 MM 101 A/lHOH
3 M COCTaBllReT 13-15 IIna.
a(/(
"fl::t"'I/I/I
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OTCOCOB M TMnWlHWe CXI!IMI.I MX pac:r1OI1(»MeHMA
 conen anA I'1OAIPiM 38U.IM'THOf'O ra3a:
11- iJKI7HH,QptN9CHHH fHOBHCHlU1bHoeJ:6-
L,lHI1HHMM (SHCMlUlbHOB); 8 -HOH)CHMf
nepcpopMposaHHbItf (KOIIHCHBnbH06J: r- HOHYCH
llIf!IIeBOif (HOaHCHan&H08)
B HBCTOAl1\ee BpeMR HaWn wpolloe npMeHeH..e CBapOHble ropen-
II" C aC"MMeTpHbIM 1I0llbueBbiM B03Avxonp..eMH..KOM, pa3pa60TaHHble
B OK6 «rreHB .. 3110110rR' K..eBClIoro HI-II-I MeALlIoIHbI TpYAa,  C
1I0llbueBbiM CMMeTp"HblM B03Ayxonp"eMHIIOM, C03AaHHble B HIilKTI-I-
CTallblloHcTPylIl\MR (POCC"A). B I..\HI-II-IKM .npOMeTeii» (POCC"A) pa3pB60-
TaHa cneuallbHaA MeToAIIB 1I0HCTPy"pOBaHR ropelloll co BCTpoeHHblM
OTCOCOM  Ha ee OCHOBe C03AaHbI 06pa3Ubi ropenoll HB pa3nHble CBa-
pOHble TOII. I-IcnblTaH"e 3TX ropelloll nOlla3ano ycToii"BylO pa60Ty B
CoeTaH" C XOpOWM lIaeCTBOM CBapHblX coeAHeH..ii  3<;J<;JeKTHBHblM
YABlleHeM BpBAHblX Bel1\ecTB CBapOHoro a3p03011A (He MeHee 80%).
Macca ropellll C OTBOAAI1\M" Mar..cTpallRM.. 4 IIr.
Ha..6011ee pacnpOCTpaHeHHble cxeMbI 1I0MnOHOBII.. ropelloll C OTCOCOM
nOlla3aHbi Ha P"c 23. K Tall..M 1I0HCTpYKU..AM B03AyxonpeMHlIa
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na..,,,, aalJ.f.HTHoro raaa B aOHY CBapKM AOJDHHbI HCKnIO\iaTb H8pyweHllle ra30BOM
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KpOMe TOro. OAH"M 3 Ba>llHblX <;JBKTOpOB RBllAeTCR Tall>lle 1I0MnoHoBlla
B03AywHoro wnaHra co cBapOHblM" 1I0MMYHlIaU"RM". Ha pc. 24 nOlla-
3aHbI OCHOBHble BapaHTbllloMnoHoBIIM:
I - B03Ayxonp..eMH..1I YCTaHaBnBaeTcR HB conno cep..iiHoii ropellll
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11- B03Ayxonp..eMH..1I ropel1l1 HaCa>ll..BaIOT Ha PYIIORTIIY ropellll,
..MelOl1\eii nOllOCTb, a B03AYWHblii WllaHr IIpenAT II PYIIORTlle, Tall T06b1
cBapOHble 1I0MMYHlIau"" 6b1n paCnOllO>lleHbl BHe WllaHrB (P"c, 24, 15);
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IIOMMYHlIau" paCnOll8ralOT BHYTP B03AywHoro wnaHrB (pc. 24,8).
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n..ecTBO CBapoHblx nOCToB  6b1CTpO 3aMeHATb BblweAw..e 3 CTpOA
B03AyxonpeMHII  WllaHr. A3pOA"HaM..eClIoe conpoT..Bl1eH..e np..
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np"BOA"T II yBeneH1O ra6ap"TB .. MaCCbl ropenoll. A3pOA"HaMeclloe
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40
41

no MHeH..1O Cnel\OlBllHCTOB-<:BapI1\HIIOB. 1I0MnOHOBlla ropenll" no Bap..-
aHTV II n03BOllAeT npOllOIKHTb BHYTPH B03AYWHOro wnaHra TOIIOBeAYI1\..ii 118-
6enb 6e3 AonOllHHTenbHoii ..3011R4.... .. ynW"Tb ycnOB"A OTBOAa TennOTbI
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norneclI". nocllollblly Bocnp"AT..e .. np..BblllaH..e Ceapl1\HII8 II 1I0HCTpYII'
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wnaHra JI,OIaMeTpoM 36-38 MM W1"HOi1 3 M a3poA..HaM..eclloe conpOTOlB-
neH..e COCTaBllAeT 20-25 IIna.
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aCTOIeM Cnel\OlallHCTOB 1113C "M. E. O. naTOHa ropellH" TOIna rC11 .. rCA
42
(P"C' 25, 26). OTn..alOl1\..ecR OT ..3BeCTHblX pa3MBUleHHeM OTcoca HIlA
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He 6011ee 6,0 IIna np.. pacxoAe YAallReMOrO B03Ayxa 5!ki0 M /, Macca rope-
11011 C nOABOAAM" MarnCTpanRM" He 60nee 4,OIlr. YCTpoi1CTBO peryll"po'
eaH..A npolol3BoAMTenbHocrn OTCoca n03BOllReT ee CH..H<8Tb AD 25%.
IIIcnbITaH..R n0ll83all.., TO AIIHHble ropellll" 06ecne"BaIOT BblCOKYIO
3<;J<;JeKT..BHOCTb ynaen"BaH"R CA, He 01la3b1BaR np.. aTOM OTp..uaTenbHoro
BnlllRHIIIR Ha H.a...eCTBO Bbln011HReMbtX IIIMIo1 waos.
43

CPEACTBA L-1HAL-1BL-1AY AJ1bHOI71 3AUJ.L-1Tbl
OprAHOB AbIXAHL-1R CBAPUJ.L-1HOB
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tPHnbTpYKJHe CH30)1
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B03l1eHCTB..R CeapO'lHbtX a3p030neH onpel1ellReTCA 1I0HCTpYKTI1BHbtM.. OCe-
6eHHOCTRM" ceap"BaeMoro "311BllMA, OCH8Il\eHHeM MeCTa CBapll" .. ero pac-
nOllOHleH..eM. Ecn.. oc06eHHocrn paero MeCTa .. CBap"BaeMoii 1I0HCTpYH-
l\.... He n03BOllRIOT HCnOllb30BaTb ycrpOiiCTBB MeCTHOro OTcoca, nepe,qs.....-
Hbte .. nepeHOCHbtB <;JOIllbTpoBeHTMnRl\..OHHbIB YCTaHOBII... BeHT>lnRTOpbl 0Ill"
ceaHoe o6opy,l:\OBaH..e co BCTpoeHHbtM OTCOCOM. TO AnR ..CKnlO'leH"R
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np"MeHeH..e CIII30,Q np..o6peTaeT np.. ceaplle B TpYl1HOl1OCrynHbtX MeCTax ..
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no np"H4..ny AeiiCTB"R C1II30,Q Jl,BllRT Ha l1Be rpynnbl: <;J..nbTPYlOll\OIe
(pecn..paTopbl .. npOT..Bora3bt), np.. OICnOllb30BaHH.. 1I0TOpbtX II,QbtXaeMblii
enOBeIlOM B0311YX O'I"Il\8BTCR OT Bpel1HbtX npHMeceii C nOMOl1\blO <;JOIllbT-
pOB >In.. cop6eHTOB. H H3011"PYIOI1\..e (wnaHrOBbte .. aBTOHQMHblB j:\bIxa-
TellbHble annapaTbl), cnOC06CTBYIOI1\..e H30ll"poBaH..1O opraHOB j:\bIxaH..R
ellOBella OT Bpe,qHOro B03,l:\eiicTB"R OllpYHlalOUleii Cpel1bl ("CTblii B0311YX
A/lR j:\bIxaH..R B 3TOM cnae nocrynaeT "3 "CTOH"lIa l1b1xaTellbHoii CMec..).
no cnoc06y nOl1a.. B03L1yxa wnaHrOBbie CIII30A l1ellRT Ha caMOBcaCblBalO-
Il\OIB H annapaTbi C np..HYAOlTellbHoH nOl1aeii "CToro B0311yxa B nOl1Maco-
Hoe npocrpaHCTBO (30HY AblxaH..R) C nOMOl1\blO B0311YX0l1YBOII, BeHTMllRTO-
pOB Hn.. C"CTet.1 CHlaToro B0311yxa nOClle ero npe.!\BapOlTellbHoii O"CTII". K
wnaHrOBbiM C1II30,Q OTHOCRT Tall...e MacKY ceapl1\..1IB C C"CTeMOH O"CTH" ..
nOl1a.. B03.!\yxa B 30HY /J,btXaH"R.
B 3aB"CHMOCTM OT Ha3HaeH"R <;JHllbTpYIOI1\..e C1II30,Q B COOTBBTCTB....
C rOCT 12.4.034-85 pa3n..aIOT npOT..Bora30Bble (a>r), clly...al1\He AnR 3a-
I1\..TbI OT napOB .. ra3006pa3Hblx Bel1\eCTB, npoT..BonbineBbie (I1>n). npeA-
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BpeMeHHoro cOl1eplKaH..R B B03.!\yxe rB30B, napOB .. a3p030neii pa311HblX
BeUjeCTB.
C1II30,Q ,I:\OI1JI\HbI y,l:\OBllBTBOpRTb TallHle TpoooBaH"RM rOCT 12.4.174-87
no cnel1YIOI1\..M xapaKTep..crnIlBM: 3<;J<;JeKTHBHOCrn 3al1\HTbl, HB,D,_Hocrn,
OCHOBHbtM Tpe60BaH..eM II pecn"paTopaM RBnReTCR o6ecnBeH..e B Te-
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T..Mble. ConpOT..BlleH..e l1b1XaHHIO RBllReTCR BaHlHeiiweii a3pO.!\"HaM..e-
ClIOii xapallTep..CT..IIOii pecn..paTOpOB .. ..x 1I0HCTpYKrnBHbtX 311eMeHTOB:
OHO onpel1ellReTCR nepena,l:\OM l1BBlleH..R 110 H nOClle <;J..llbTpYlOl1\ero MB-
TBpHana, HaXOARI1\BroCR B nOTOlle B03.!\yxa [34J. B lIa'leCTBe <;J..3..0noro-
r..r..eH..eCIIOH XBpallTepHCTMIIH conpOTMBllBH..e AblxaH..1O npel1CTaBllReT
c060ii nepeMeHHYIO BBll"HY, CBR3aHHYlO C lleroHoii BeHT..nRI.I..eii.
CTpYKTypoii AbixaTenbHoro I.I..Kna. TAHleCTblO BbinOllHReMoii pa60Tbl, a Tall-
HIe C Bll..RH..eM Ha j:\bIxaH..e COCTORH..R ollpYHlalOl1\eii cpe.qbt .. IIOHCTpYII-
T..BHblX oc06eHHocTeii pecn..paTOpoB. ECll.. B ..cnollbayeMblx pecn..paTo-
pex HOpMbI conpoTMBlleH..R BAOXY (100 na) .. Bblj:\OXY (70 na) comaCHO
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BYIOT BbtnOllHeH..1O pa60Tbl CO 3H"TenbHblM.. <;J"3HeclI"M" HarpY3I1aM...
Xopow..ii pecn..paTOp ,I:\Oll...eH 34><;JeKT..BHo 3al1\HIl\8Tb OpraHbt AblxaH..R ..
He 3aTpYl1HRTb /J,btXaH..e. 3Ty 3aAay Y118llOCb peW"Tb nyreM ..cnOllb30BaH..R
B pecn..paropax <;JHllbTpYlOl1\erO MaTep..ana a>nn--15-1,5. Ha3b1BaeMoro
.<;J..nbTpOM III. B. neTpRHOBa.. Talloii MaTep..an np"MeHeH B pacn..paTopax
T..na nIleneCTolI. [35J.
nO"ll" pa3BMTMe naTpoHHblB npornBoaap03011bHblB pecnHpaTOpbt C pe-
3"HOBbtM.. nonYMaCllaM.. .. <;JMbTpaM" KYr ..3 MaTep..ana 11>n: .Acrpa-2..,
2, 2W, PYOM. Pa3pa6oTaHbt <;J..llbTpYlOI1\..e nollYMaCII.. MHoro.
IlpaTHOro npHMeHBH"R co CMeHHbtM.. <;JMbTpaM": Pn-t1, .CH_oII-K.,
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..x 1I0Hl\eHTpau..eii B B03.!\yxe pa60eii 30Hbt. npH 3llellTpol1yroBoii .. ra30Boii
caaplle B OCHOBHOM np..MeHRIOT pecn..parop MapH" nIleneCToII-200.. B CllY-
ae ..cnOllb30eaH..R 3TOro pecn"paropa A/lR 3al1\0ITb1 OT CA np.. ero IIOHl\BH-
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BTeHHe3 [35J.
44
45

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CA Han....e, IIpOMe npOTMBoa3p030llbHOro <;J..nbTpa ..3 MaTep..ana T..na
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3011eii .. ra3006pa3Hblx coeA..HeH..ii (<;JTOpIolCTOro BOAopo,Qa .. 'IeTbipextf>Top",-
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46
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48
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57

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WnaHroBaR 3aUlKTl'aR MaClla CBaplll"lIa C C"CTeMOM O"CTII" M nOAB'I"
B03Ayxa B 30HY AblXBHI1R. B 1113C "M. E. O. naTOHa pa3pa60TaHa wnaHro-
BaR MaClla C c..CTeMOM O'I"CTII" .. nOAa'l" B03Ayxa B 30HY AblxaH..R
(P.,c. 321 (31), 1I0TOpyIO ..cnOllb3YIOT AnR CTal\..OH apHblX pa60..x MeeT ..11"
B Tex cllaRX, 1I0rAS ceapl1\..IIY He HYIKHO nepeAB..raTb C. Ha 6011bw..e pac-
CTORH"R B npOl\eCce pa60Tb1.
9
2
1
B 
6
PMC. 32. WnawoeaA MKKa CBaJX1'MKa C CMC11tMOM O'iMCTKM M
I1OA8'tM B 8 30tfy AblXMiMII: J - SBUlHTHlJR MBCHa; 2-
no.Q8MIHHblH C88To4JH/1ti'P. 3 - B03,Qyxopacnpe,qenHTenbH08
yG'TpOifCT80: .. - n8TPOH nO.Q80.Q'B B03.Qa; 5 - wneM; 6-
ycrpc:HiCTBO n8p8.QBH1HBHHR c86TocpmbTpa; 7 - HBrH8TBTflnb
Boyxa (<1>SA Y<1>n2-yxn4}; B - <PH/lbTpY'OU{,," 3nB....HT (l-R
CrynSHbJ: 9 - cPH/lbrpYJOUlMH 3I1eMBHT (2-R cryneH.): 10 -
aneK1pH..,SCHMH n06Y.QHT8IJb TilTH; 11. 12 - wnilHf1II; 13-
perynATOp pacxo.qa B03,Qyxa
B l18eCTBe MaCII.. ..cnOllb30BaH YCOBepWeHCTBOBaHHblii I1\I1TOII C no A-
B..HlHblM CBeTO<;J..nbTpOM. Maclla nonOllHeHa WlleMOM ..3 HecropaeMoii
reaH", npenRTCTBYlOllI"M npOH..IIHOBeHIolIO nOJl, MaCIIY CA .. yJl,eplK..Ba 10-
I1\..M nOA HeM 'I"CTb,ii B03AYX C He60llbW.,M "36b1TOHblM ll8eneH..eM. B
BepxHeM aCT" MaCH.. ycTaHOBllBHO B03AyxopacnpeAell..TellbHoe YCTPO M-
CTBO Cnel\loIanbHOMIIOHCTpylll\..... OHO o6ecne"BaeT C"MMeTplol'lHOe pa c-
npeAellBH..B nOTOlla B03Ayxa BAonb 3al1\..THoro CTelllla. "CKnIOaR Tall"
06pa30M ero 3anOTeBaH..B. nOTOII "CTOro B03Ayxa, HanpaBlleHHbI"
58
D.pXY BH..3 npornB 1I0HBeIlT..BHblX nOTOIIOB 3arpR3HeHHoro a3p03011eM
e03Ayxa, npenRTcTByeT ero npOH..IIHOBeH..1O nOA MaCIlY, a 3aTeM B opra-
tlbj AblxaH..R. Tpe6yeMblii 3allj..THblii 34><Pe1lT MaCII.. nOCT..raeTCR np.. no-
l8e B03Ayxa C npo..3Bon..TenbHOCTbIO 150-200 ll/M"H_ B03nyx nOABO-
I"TCR II MaClle epe3 naTpy6oH. pacnonolHeHHblH B BepxHeH aCT" MaCII..
IIOA yrnoM 45° II OCHOBaH"IO, TO "CIIllIOaeT neper..6 np..MeHReMbix B
ADHHOM clly..ae Men"l\..HCII..X wnaHroB.
AnR O..CTII" .. n0J],8" B03Ayxa nOJl, MacllY npeAycMOTp8HO nBB eap..aH-
'I. B nepBoM eap..aHTe B03AYX nOAalOT OT ceT" cHlaToro B03nyxa epe3
I ryn"poBoHoe YCTpOiiCTBO .. <;J..nbTpYIOI1\..ii 611011. Bo BTOpOM - AllR
O"CTK" .. nona" B03Ayxa ..cnollb3YlOT $BA Y$n2-yxn4. YlloMnnellTo-
DHHblii cnel\..anbHO pa3pa60TaHHOii BTOpoii cryneHblO <;J..nbTpa AnR o..-
'II" B03Ayxa OT Bpe,D.HblX 1I0MnOHeHTOB rCCA (CO. NO. NO" HF, SiF.) ..
I rynATopoM pacxOJI,a nOAaeaeMoro nOA MacllY B03Ayxa. TBII..M 06pa30M,
AUHHaR YCTaHoBlla O"ll\8eT 3a6..paeMblii "3 npO"3BOJI,CTBeHHOro rIOMel1\e-
""" B03AYX lIall OT TCCA. Tall .. OT Bcex BpeAHblX 1I0MnOHeHTOB rCCA. 3T0
n03BonReT ee ..cnOllb30BaTb B lIaBCTBe HarHeTaTenR B03Ayxa non MaCIlY
npBIIT..eCII" npH Bcex cnoc06ax CBapll". CpOIl Clly>ll6b1 <;J..llbTPOB. np"Me-
IIlIeMbiX B a>BA ya>n2-yxn4, B 3TOM Cllae AocrnraeT np"M8pHO OAHOro
roAS. Tallllall OH.. ..MeIOT oeHb 6011bWYIO eMIIQCTb (no cpaBHeH..1O C nopTa-
,..BHblM" C"CT8MaM" O"CTII" B03Ayxa) ... IIpOMe TOro, 3a60p B03Ayxa
npO..3BOA..TCR He Ha MecTe CBaplI.., a Ha OnpBAeneHHOM paCCTORH...., rAe
1I0Hl\eHTpal\.... CA 3Ha..TellbHO H..Hle.
$..3..0noro-r..r..eH..eCllaR Ol\eHlla A8HHOM MaCII.., npOBeJl,eHHaR B K..-
OBCIIOM "HCT"TYTe MeA"l\IoIHbI Tpyna, nOlla3alla, TO ee 1I0HCTpyIll\..R He
Olla3b1BaeT BbipaIK8HHOro orp"l\aTenbHoro neiiCTB"R Ha OCHOBHbje <;J..3..0-
norl1'1eCII..e C"CTeMbi opraH..3Ma; napaMeTpbl M..llp0Kn..MaTa nOi1MaCOHO-
ro npOCTpaHCTBa COOTBBTCTBYIOT nonycT..MblM HopMaM. Cy6beKrneHaR
OllBHlla MaCII.. ..cnblTaTellRM.. YAOBlleTB0p..TenbHaR.
C"CTeMa KOH,AtlOH"poBaH"R MaCKM CeapIlI"KB. np.. pa60Te B YCllOB..-
IIX C HOpMallbHblMH. pernaMeHT"pyeMblM.. rOCT 12.1.005 napaMeTpaM"
M..llpoHll..MaTa B03AYxa pa60'1eM 30HbI, Yll83aHHble C1II30,Q npaKTIoIeclI"
ynoBlleTBopRIOT npeAbRBllReMbiM Tpe60eaH"RM. OnHallo np.. ceaplle B yc-
nOB..RX nOBblweHHblX ..n.. nOH"HleHHblX TeMneparyp. 'ITO HepenHO AnR CBa-
pO'lHOrO npO"3BOACTBa. 3<;J<;JeKTMBHOCTb CYl1\eCTBVIOl1\l1X CIII30A HBJ1QCTa-
TOHa, Tall Kall H" OAHO "3 H"X He npeAYCMaTp"BaeT peryll"pOBaH..B TBMne-
parypbl B03Ayxa B 3CHe AblXBHHR CBapl1\..Ka.
59

3roro HBACJCT8THa ll..WeHa C"CTeMa [57], HOTopaR 06ecn8'<..aaeT "CTKV ..
nOA8Y noli MaclIV ceaplll"l18 BoallywHoro noTolla C a8,Q8HHoii TeMnepa-rypoj;! OT
BHewHero OICTH"Ka, HE! CBA3aHHoro C aTMoccpepoii, rile npo"3BoAIfTCR ceapll8.
OHa pa3p86oTaHB CnBl\Olan..CT8M.. XapbHOBCKorO aB..al\OlOHHOI"O "HCTMTVTa ..
3AO «PeMe3» (Ceeacrononb) COBMeCTHO C 1113C ..M. E. O. naTOHa. HoaaR CI1CTB.
Ma IIOt\I1I1l\010HlllpoBaHIoIR MaClI1II cBapl1\..1I8 (pOle. 33) IlpoMe 06b1'JHO np"MeHAe.
MblX 3lleMeHTOB (caMOii MaClI" C B03AVXopacnpenenOlTBllbHblM 61101lOM, 6110118
J>BAYl\OIpOaaH..R. <;JOIllbT]:>OB-MacnooTABllOlTeneii. OCYWOITBllbHbIX nBfpoHoB C
aKrnB"poaaHHblM yrneM III MHOrocnOj;!HbIX <;JOIllb TpCB "3 TKaH" I1>nA AflA 111-
CTH" B03AVX8 OT a3p030lle..) BKnIOaeT B ce6R Cnel\OlanbHoe YCTpO"CTBO IIOtjA...
l\OIOH..poeaH..A B03AyxB B Bl-I,D,e BIIIXpeBOj;! Tpy6K.., 38KpBnneHHoj;! Ha nORCe
ceaplll"lI8.

PMC. 33.CttCTeMa KOHAMLIMottMp088 MA M8CHM CBapll-'MK8: J -
CPHIJbTp; 2 - BWt.peaaFl Tp)'6a; 3 - MaCHa CsaPWHHB C
B03,QyxopscnfJC',QBnMTenbHDlM ycT"pOHCTBOM
CIKaTblii B03AVX OT npoMblwneHHoii ccrn "11M "HJJ,I<BI-I,D,Y8llbHOro 1I0Mnpec-
copa O'I"ll\8eTCR B <;JOIllb TpB rpy60ii .. TOHIIOj;! O'I..cn<" npo..3BoACTBa C"M<tJe-
ponOllbclIOro 38BOlla «llHeeMarnlla» (TY 2-{)53-135B--7S). CTeneHb ..CTH"
COCTaBllAeT 99,9%, '!TO YI10BllBTBOpRBT TpOOOBaHIIIRM rOCT 14266-69. Pe/1YH-
l\IIIOHHblii nHeBMOKnanaH o6ecn8'<" aaeT nOMeplIIBH..e nOCTORHHoro AaBlleH..R
B clolcreMe norpe601TBllA. Pene ABBllBH..R OTHlllO'lBeT nOTpOO..TellA nplol nBAeH....
ABBlleH..R B03AVXa H..IKe QOnYCT"Moro. "l1\eHHblo; BoaAVX nona,oaeT B B..xpe-
BYIO Tpy6y no IIOMMyraUIIIOHHblM coel1"HeHIoIRM. 3Aecb OH Bpall\8eTCA, B pe.
3ynbTaTe '!Br0 npOOlCXOAOlT paaAeneH..e Ha oxnall\l1eHH1O .. HarpeTble aCT".
T eMnepaTVPY .. paCXOA B03AVX8 peryn"PYeT ApoccellbHbl.. BeHrnnb.
60
T eXHH'IeCHBR xapaHTepHCTHHB CHCTeMw 1I0MAHIPfOHHpoSBHMR MBCHH
CsapuptllS:
PerynMpOBaHe TeMnepaTypbl B03.Qyxa no OTHOUEHIo1IO H
TOMnep8rype OHpYlOalOUieM aTMoccpepbl, .C.......nn.................................,:t12
AOBJleHMe CH<Groro 803Ayxa
Ha BblXOA8 1013 a.1CTO'iHIAHS, Mna.........................................................O,3-O.7
Pacxo/l ClOaTOro B03Ayxa. nfM..H.......n.............................................-Ao 160
06beMHaA CIIOpOCTb nOAa".. B03Avxa B
30HY /I...xaH"A, nfM..H......................... n...__. ........................ ... ........ .60-150
36b1TO"'HOe A88neHH8 B03Ayxa
B 30He/lbIX8H..A cB8pUIMKa (nOA MacHoM). Mna__....................................O,OOI
Macca B..xpeBoM TlJYO.... Hr... ............... ............ ............ ....... ...... .........o,125
OOLLl,8R Macca CHCTeMbI KOHJ1HUMOHpoBaHR l5e3
KOMMYTaLl.C>t*tbIX coe,nHHeHLo'II7I. Kr...... ...... ... ......... ..........un. ...... ............4,5
nOAroTOBlleHHblM BoaAVX nocrynaeT B BoaAyxopacnpeAellOlTenbHblj;!
011011, CMOHrnpOBaHHblii B MaClle CBapl1\..lIa. Maclla, pa3pa60TaHHaR cnel\lII-
nbHO A/lR pa60TbI C c..cTeMoii 1I0HA"l\..OH"poeaH..R, npeAycMaTp..eaeT
rny6oll..ii OXBaT rOllOBbI CBaplll"lIa A/lA "CKnIOeH"R npOH..IIHOBBH..R BpeA-
lllolX np"Meceii ..3 aTMoc<tJePbl. 611011 OO.QB"IKHOro CBBTO<;J..nbTpa "MeeT
RHyrpeHHee OprCTBKnO, 3alll"IlIBIOI1\ee OT nonallaH..A ceapoHoro a3p03011A
R opraHbI AblxaH..R .. Ollall..HbI ..n.. wnalla B rna3a. nOl1BI1IKHblj;! CBeTO-
I ..nbTp n03BOllReT BbinOllHATb nOAroTOB..TellbHble onepal\.... nepeA CBap-
It 111101 nOCJle Hee 003 nOAHIo1MaH..,R MaCH..,.
npeAnaraeMaR C..CTeMa nOlla.. B03Ayxa nOl1 MaclIY C C..CT8MOii IIOHA"-
U"OH"poBaH"A oc06eHHo He06xoAIIIMa np.. pa60T8 CBapl1\..lIa B 3aMIIHYTbiX
ul)beMax, a rallIKe np.. nOBblweHHblX "11" nOH"lIIeHHblX TeMnepaTypax OK-
PYIKalOI1\ero B0311yxa.
KoHTpollb COCTOAH"A B03Ayxa B 30He /1bIXaH..R (nOA MBCHoii) nOlla3an, '!TO
1I0eaA CIolCTeMa nollrOTOBH.. B03AVXa 3Ha"TenbHO ynwaBT YCllOB..R TpYAa
DSpUIMIIOB. Tall, np.. HOj;! AyrOBoii cBaplle 3neIlTpOAaM.. AH0---4 cOAepIKa-
lI..e cBapHoro a3p03011R nOli Maclloj;! COCTaBllReT 1-2 MrfM 3 , B TO BpBMR lIall
nHe MaCII.. ero 1I0Hl\eHTpal\..R AOCTMraeT 39 Mr/M 3 . COAep1ll8H..e coeAOlHeH..ii
t.1ap raH l\a, MOHOOJ<CI-I,D,8 yrnepona .. AHOIICI1I18 a30Ta nOA Maclloii H..IKe npe-
1\01lbll0 AOnyCTMMblX 1I0Hl\eHTpal\Olii.
Cep..iiHoe npo..3BOIICTBO C"CTeMbI 1I0HA"l\..oH"poBaH..A B03.Qyxa AnR
M ell.. ceaplll"lIa HanallleHO Ha CeBacTOnollbclloM p8MOHTHO-MeXaH..e-
110M 3aBOAe (3AO .PEME3»).
61

nepcneKTHBbI pa3BHTHR CU30tl
AHall..3 n"TeparypbI, nOCBRl1\eHHOii Cpe.QCTBaM ..HA..Bl-I,D,yanbHoii 3al1\"-
TbI OpraHOB AblXaH..R CBapll\OlHOB OT CA. n03BOllReT Bbll\en..Tb ABa OCHOB-
HbiX HanpaBlleH..R B peweH.... 3TOo; np0611eMbI: np"MeHeH..e <;J..llbTpYIO-
I1\"X pecn"paTopoB; ..cnonb30BaH..e MaCOIl CBapl1\..lIa C C..CT8MOii O"CTII"
H nOAa'l" B03Ayxa B 30HY AblxaH..R.
nepBoe ..3 H"X - 601188 npoCToe, OAHallO, "3-3a He COBceM YAOBlleTBO-
p..T811bHbIX xapallTep..CT..1I pecn..paTopOB B <;J"3"01l0rneCIIOM OTHoweH....
(conpoT..BlleH..e AblxaH..IO) An..TellbHOCTb ..x np"MeHeH"R orpaH"'IeHHa.
Pecn..paTopbl l\Bllecoo6pa3HO ..cnonb30BaTb B Tex CllaRx. 1I0rAa HeB03-
MOHIHO np..MeHRTb Apyr..e, 60nee YA06Hble cpejJ.cTea 3al1\..TbI OT CA.
BTOpoe HanpaBlleH..e n..weHO 3T01X HBAOCTaTIIOB. np"MeHeH..e 3a1l\OlT'
HOi1 MaClI.. C c"cTeMoii nOAa1oI o"l1\eHHoro BoajJ.yxa n03BonReT Ha..6011ee
3<;J<;JellT..BHo 3al1\"l1\aTb opraHbI AblxaH..R OT CA .. 06ecne"BaTb He06xo-
A..Mble <;J"3..onor..ecll..e Tpe60BaH"R II CIII30,Q.
AnR c03AaH..R 6011ee YA06HblX pecn..paTopoB Tpe6yeTcR no"clI HOBbiX
<;J..llbTpYIOI1\"X MaTep..anoB C H..311..M a3poA"HaM..eclI"M conpOT..BlleH..-
eM, 1I0Topble O....l1\aIOT B03jJ.YX lIall OT TBepAbiX acrnl\ CA, Tall H OT BpeA-
HbiX ra3006pa3HbiX 1I0MnOHeHTOB (OIlCOIjJ.OB yrnepoAa .. a30Ta, a TallHle
030Ha, <;JTOP"CTOro BO.AOPOAB. "eTblpex<;JTop"CTOro IIpeMH..R .. AP.). Tall..e
HIe Tpe6oBaH"R npejJ.bRBllAIOT .. II <;J..nbTpaM, np..MeHReMbiM B c..CTBMaX
OHCTIIM .. nOjJ.a'l" B03jJ.yxa nojJ. MacKY CBapl1\..lIa. KpOMe TOro, C"CTeMa
nO)J.ll" B03Ayxa AOllHlHa 6b1Tb nOpTBT"BHoi1 .. IIpen..TbCR Ha nORce CBap-
11\"lIa, ..MeTb He6011bwylO Maccy, 3Ha"T811bHYIO eMIIOCTb <;JOIllbTpa, BbICO-
IIYIO npo..3BOAHTellbHOCTb HarHeTaH..R B03jJ.yxa .. aBTOHOMHYIO C"CTBMY
311eIlTp"'IeCIIOrO nlolTaH..R BeHT..nRTopa. 'jTO lIacaeTCR 3all\OlTbi opraHOB
3peH..R 3T01M.. MaCHaM", TO He06xO,Q"Mbi pa3n"'IHble 1I0HCTpylll\.... yCT-
POiiCTB: C nOAB..HlHblM .. OTllpblBalOll\OIMCR CBeTo<;J..nbTpOM, C nepeMeHHoi1
onT"BCIIOii nnOTHOCTblO, C lIoM6..Hal\..ei1 TeMHoro H np03paHoro CBeTO-
<;J..nb Tpa.
62
('PEACTBA 1-1HA1-1B1-1AY AIlbHOVI 3AW.Tbl
()pr AHOB 3PEH1-1A, fl1-1L.V\ 1-1 rOIlOBbl
AnR 3al1\..TbI rna3, 1I0HlHOro nOllpOBa rollOBbi .. we.. OT "3neH"R Ayr.. 101
I r fipbl3r pacnnaBllBHHoro MBTanna ceapl1\..IIH ..cnOllb3YIOT Cnel\..BllbHblB
I'V"Hbie .. HarOllOBHble I1\..TII.. (MacH..). H3rOTaBll..BaeMbie no
InCT 12.4.035. 3TOT rOCT onpeAellReT OCHOBHble Tpe60ElaH"R II 3al1\..T-
"' M xapallTep..cT..llaM (OTcyTcTB..e npoH..IIHoBeH..R "3neH"R AyrH,
'IOiiIlOCTb MaTep..ana 1I0pnyca II 6pbl3raM pacnllaB1l8HHoro MeTBlllla.
YAlIllbHylO 311BIITp..ecIIYIO npoHocTb MaTep"Blla 1I0pnyca. conpoT"Bne-
11.,0 ..3011Rl\IoI.. HarolloBH..lla), a TallHle II Macce, ra6ap"THblM pa3MepaM ..
III'OHOCT" I1\..THa.
3all\OlTHbie I1\..TII.. COCTORT..3 1I0pnyca, ..3roToBlleHHoro ..3 TOHIIOro Tep-
M ICTOiillOro Marep..811a, CMOTpoeoro CTeKlla-CBeTo<;JOIllbTpa, pacnOllOHleH-
I oro Ha ypOBHe rna3, .. HarOllOBHloIlla AnA IIpenneH..R Ha ronoee >In.. plIe.
Ha..60neB BaHlHblM .. OTBeTCTBeHHblM 311eMeHTOM Il\OITIIOB RBllRIOTCR
'ltlTo<;J..nbTpbl, npeAHa3Ha'leHHble AnA 3al1\..TbI rna3 OT YllbTpa<;J..oneTO-
IIoro, BOIjJ...Moro .. "H<;JpallpacHoro "311yeH"R. CBeToBoe "3nYBH..e Ayr..
"IllHlHO 6b1Tb oClla611eHO CBeTo<;J..nbTpaM.. B 10'-10 0 pa3 [58). np.. 3TOM
rlleTo<;J..llbTpbl AOllHlHbI 06mlJJ.8Tb AOCTBTOHOii Bell""Ho nponycllaH"R e
HA"MOi1 0611acT" cneHTpa. TO He06xo)J.l<MO A/lR Ha611IOjJ.BH"R 3a MeCTOM
CIIBptI...
B HaCTORl1\ee BpBMR B CHr W"POIIO np..MeHRIOT CTeKnRHHble CBeTO-
""llbTpbl cep.... ..C" HOTopble nOApa3AenRIOT Ha 13 KnaCCOB. OH" 06ecne-
',..BaIOT 3aw..ry rna3 OT "3neH..ii np.. ceaplle Ha TOIl8X OT 5 AO 1000 A.
I blO..palOT cBeTo<;J"llbTpbl B 3aB..C..MOCT" OT B"Aa cBapll" .. CloIllbi TOHa e
I OOTBeTcTB.... C OCT 21-e (TaOn. 9).
TII" BbinycllalOT ABYX BI-I,D,OB: co cBeTo<;J..nb TpOM AIlR HOpMBllbHorO
o630pa (pa3Mep 52xl02 MM) .. yBen..eHHoro (90xl02 MM). CHapYHl.., ne.
PBA CBBTO<;J"llbTpOM YCTBHaBll..BaIOT nOllpoBHoe CTeMO lOnUj..Hoi1 He 60-
nBe 2,5 '111M, IIOTOPOB 3al1\"UjaeT CBeTo<;J>lnbTp OT l\apan"H, npO>HOrOB ..
APyr..x nOBpeHlABHHi1. 1113HYTP" TBIIHle 06R3aTellbHO YCTaHaBl1..ealOT nOA-
nOHlIlY "3 OprCTeKna TonW"Hoi1 He 60nee 2 MM. np.. pa3pyWeH.... nOHpOB-
Horo CTeKna .. CB8TO<;J"llbTpa nOAnOHlcca H3 oprcT8Kna 3al1\..eT rna3a OT
'paBM.
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IOcp..llbTPaM'" AfJR HOpMBnbHOro .. YBell"'eHHoro 0630pa (p..c. 34. a,6. r..II)
"I eAHaaHa..eHbI AnR cBapll" WBOB CllOIIIHOii 1I0H<;J..rypau..", C ..aCTblM.. "3-
MeHeH"RM" npoCTpaHcrneHHoro nOllOlHeH..R (nepeXOAbl "3 H..IIIHero B no-
IUllo..Hoe. BepT..llallbHoe .. 06IJaTHO}, a TaHllle AnR CBapH" C noBblweHHoii
"IIOPOCTblO ..n.. B TPYAHOAOCTVnHblx MeCTax.
LQ

1'Mc34'""""'''''':8_
PY"HoH PH--C-701 Yl, 6- ..""'.JB_ HH--C-1Dl Yl;
B - I'IiIranoeHbJii. MOHTHpyeAIbM H8 3a1lJJ'fTkOH KaCKe
HH-C-701 }-'J: r- pffi.Jit c f€'HHbW
CserrxpwtbTpoM PH-C -703 YJ: IJ - HaranooHW C
__ C8t'1T>fPwJbTp06f HH-C-1D3H; e-
Hal"C.VJOBf1wH C OTHpbl88IOWMMCR CBeTatpHnt.TpoM
HHrJ-C-1D2 1
KpOMe Toro, A/lR CRapll" B TPYAHO,QOCrynHblX MeCTax. 1I0rAa aaTpYAHeHo
orll"/lbIBaH..e 1I0pnyca I1\..Tlla, pa3pa60TaHbI I1\..TII.. C OTllpblBalOl1\..McR
I erO<;J"'llbTpOM (P"c. 34. e). Hall....e ,QOllOllH"'TenbHoro np03paHoro He.
nOAB"IIIHoro HOOblOwerOCR CTellna, YllpenneHHoro C BHyrpeHHeii CTopOHbl
Hopnyca I1\..Tlla, n03BOllRBT np.. nOAHATOM CBeTo<;J"llbTpe BbinOllHRTb
IcnOMoraTenbHble onepal\Ol.. ..11.. 3a'l"CTOY CBapHoro WBa 6e3 onaCHOCT..
nopaJtleHHR rna3 H nHt.ta rOpRYHMH ....aCntUaMH wnaHa lit OKaJU1HbI.
fJ,nR T811..X YCllOB..ii CBapH" "MeeTCA TalllHe 3aHblii 11\"'011 C nO,[lBIo1I11'
HI>fM CBeTcxp..nbTpoM (p..c. 35). OH CH86I11eH CbeMHblM 61101l0M C nO/IB..lIIHblM
oero<;J"'llbTpOM YBell....eHHoro pa3Mepa, MexaH"3M OTllpbIBaH..A.. 38l1pbIBa'
HR HOToporo HMeeT n.ne'-leBoH pblyar.
65

np.. MOHTalllHblX pa60Tax A/lA 3all\..TbI ronoBbi OT YABpa. 311ellTp..eCII0-
ro TOKB, oxnalllAeH"'A, neperpeBa. B03j:\eiicTB"A aTMoc<;JBpHblX OC8,QKOB
pa3pa60TaHbI 1I0HCrpYIIl\.... Il\..TKOB (p"c, 34, B .. 35). 1I0Topble MOIIIHO ller-
110 MOHT"poBaTb Ha 3all\"'THoii rolloBHOii lIaclle.
ff\ ;1
B
r-...
....,
P..c. 35. CBllpottttWM Ul,MTO" C nQQBMtKtIWM
c....""'..'..TpOM H-!1}..{;--505 Yi
60nee yAC)6HblM" B 3I1cnnyaTal\.... cq..TalOTCR I1I..TH.. HOBbiX nlnOB C HOM-
6..H",pOBaHHblM.. CBeTo<tJ..nbTpaM.. (TeMHblM.. .. nonynp03pa'lHbIM"). O,D.OlH
..3 T..nOB Tall"X 1l\IoITII0B "'MeeT YBen.....eHHblii npaKT..eCK" Ha BCIO nOBepx-
HOCTb n"l\BBOii 'IacT" Il\..Tlla nonynp03paHblii CBeTO<;J>lnb rp, IIOTOPb,ii 3a.
11I"l1IaeT ma3a .. n"l\O OT ynbTpa<;J..OlleTOBOrO H311y..eH..A H np.. 3TOM no-
aBOllAeT Ha611IOJlBTb 3a 30HOii CBapll" AO MOMeHTa 3a1llHraH..A Ayr.., a TaHllle
pacw"pAeT 30HY 601l0BOro 3peH..A. Ha ypOBHe ma3 pa3Mell\eH co6cTaeHHO
TeMHbliiI cBeTo<JwIllb rp, epe3 1I0TOpblii CBapll\..1I Ha6nlOj:\aeT 3a CBaplloii BO
BpeMR ropeH"A Ayr... nepeMelllBA B3rnAA (P"c, 36).
Il.I..TK.. BToporo runa ..MBIOT lIoM6..H"poBaHHblii cBeTo<;J..llbTp, pa3j:\e-
neHHblii 1I0ablpblloM Ha He6011bwylO BepxHlO1O nonynpo3paHYIO aCTb ..
H..IIIHIOIO TBMHYIO (pMC. 37). Ao 3aropaH..R AYI14 ceapll\..11 CMOTp"T B Bepx-
HIOIO aCTb, nocne B036V/IIAeH..R AYr.. - B H..IIIHIOIO. Pa3Aen"'TBllbHblii 1I03b1-
pell np.. 3TOM 3all\"ll.I8eT mB3a OT B03.r\BiiCTB"A Ha H"X H311yqeH..R Ayr... no-
A06Hble Il\..TII.. ..MeIOTCR '" A/lA 06CllV/II..BaIOWOIX pa60'l"x.
BaIllHblM 3neMeHTOM Il\..THOB RBllAeTCA HaronoBH..1I A/lA IIpenneH..R ..x
HB rOllOBe. OH AOlllIIBH y"TbiBaTb aHTponollor"'leCII..e oc06eH..OCT" rollO-
Bbi enOBella (perynHpoBHa no paaMepy rollOBbI). HMeTb 3all\"'THblii exon,
CH..lllalOll\..ii AaBlleH..e Ha ronoBy.
66
AnA 3all\..Tbl ma3 06CllVIII..BalOll\"X pa60..x, a TalllllB np.. BblnonHe-
...... AyroBOii cBapll" nOA <;JllIOCOM, 3nBIITpownaHoBoii cBapll". a TaHllle
I MOTpe H 3a'iHCTKe cBapHblx WBCB Cl1eAyeT nOflb30BaTbCR O'-'KaMM no
rOCT 12.4.013--£5. B rex cllyaRx, HorAa cBapllV MOIIIHO OCYI1lBCTBllRTb
03 np"MBHeH"A 3al1l..THoro Il\..THa ..11.. A/lR Ha6nlOj:\BH"R 3a npOl\BCCOM
np.. MBxaH..a"pOBaHHoii (aBTOMaT"BCIIOii) CBapllB np"MBHRIOT aal1l"T-
"h'e 3aHpblTb'B 0..11.. co cBBro<;J..nbTpaM.. no OCT 21-6. AnA 3all\..Tb' ma3
nt nOMoraTBnbHblX pa60..x np"MeHAIOT 0..11.. B-1. B-2; ra30CBapll\'"
lit B - r-l. r-2, r-3.
PMC. 36. Csapo'tHbI" I1IMTOK C KOM6MHMpoaaHH"IM
CB8TDq>MflbT]X)M
Et
PMC. 37. Ceap::riHbU.. UlMTOK c MOMCrMttMpoB8HHbI....
cSeT(xt>W1b1pOM M M03t4JbMOM
Ii1cnollb3yeMb,e AO HaCTORIl\Bro BPBMBH" OTBeCTBeHHb'B CIII3 ma3
Bapll\I111OB /1iIllBII.. OT COBepweHCTBa. 3all\..THOB j:\BiicTB..e 06blHblX Il\..T'
IIOB OCHOBaHO Ha np"'MBHBH.... B lIB'IeCTBe cBeTOcfJ"llbTpa TeMHb'X CTBIIOll C
nOCTORHHblM CBeTonponYCllaH..BM HaCTOllbllO H"311..M (O,l-D,OOOI %), TO
67

"CKnIO'IaeT B03MO>I<HOCTb Ha611IOAeH"A 'lBpe3 H"X paOO1eii 30Hbi no 3aropaH..R
nvrn. Ceapll\OIlI BblHVH\I\eH OTBOAl'lTb 1lI"T0H OT maa >In" nOA/i..MaTb ero BCRlI..ii
pa3 nepeA Ha8llOM npOl\ecca, nocne erc OIlOHaH"A .. np.. pa3pblBe Ayr". 3TO
OTp..l\8TBllbHO Clla3b1BaeTCR He npO..3BOA..TBllbHOCTl1 Tpyna, lIaeCTBe pa60TbI
.. yBell....BaeT B03MOII'IiOCTb TpaBMaT..3Ma CBapll\..IIOB.
1

PMc. 38. CeapooIHiIIM UiKTOM C 8BTOMant'iecHMM
38T8MtteHMeM lea 1pOM HIlI HUWf,HX
MpMCTann8X c nepeM8HHWM CBeTOnpol1'p'CH.HMeM): J -
HOpnyc MBCHM; 2 - HsranOSH08 HpBI1IIeHHe; 3 - 6noH
cseT'/XPHlJbTpa c CcnH&iHoH 6aT pe H:'" - 8HyrpeHHRR
nO)UlOJHHa "'3 oprcreHlJS; 5 - BHBWH66 nOHpoBHDe
creHl10
3rnx HBAOCTaTHOB lllolweHbl .. Ceapll\OlllOB C aBToMarnecH"M 38TeM-
HBH..eM, B IIOTOpblX ..cnOllb:!y1OT CBBTo<tJ>lnbTp C nepeMBHHblM CBeTOnponyc-
lIaH..eM (P"c, 38) [58].np"Hl\loIn ABiicTEMA Tall"X cBeTo<;J>lnbTpOB OCHOBBH Ha
1oI3MBHeH..1oI1l03cpcp"l\..eHTa nponycllaH..A (np03paHOcT" <;J"llbTpa) CBeTOBO-
ro ..aneH"A np.. 3e......-aH.... ceapO'lHoii Ayr... l1>..llbTp ..MeeT TP" pa6D'liolx
COCTORH..A: OTllpblToe, 38l1pblToe .. npOMeIll'(TO'IHoe. Ao Haalla Ceapll" OH
HaXOAl'lTCR B npoMelll'(TO'IHOM COCTORH...., a np.. BKnIOeH.... n"TaH"A nepexo-
A"T B OTHpblToe. npot IIOTOpoM MOIIIHO HOpMallbHO Ha611IOABTb pa60'1YlO 3OHY.
np.. 3aropaH.... AYr.. <;J"llbTp 3a 1-2 MC (nOCllBAHlole MOAell.. - 0,1 Me) nepe-
XOA"T B 3aKpbrroe COCTORH..e, KOTOpoe ABnReTCA OITTOlMBllbHblM AJ1R Ha6mo-
AeHOlR 3a npOllBCCOM CBapll". np.. noraceH.... AYrM <;J"llbTp B03Bp8ll\aeTCR B
OTHpblToe COCTORH..e C 3BABplllIIOii, IoIcKnalOll\Bii ocnenneH..e CBapll.llollla
1oI3I1eH..eM OCTblBalOll\Bii 30Hbl ceapll". l1>>lnbTp 06ecne«"BaeT B03MOIIIHOCTb
68
, npepblBHoro Ha6l11OAeH..A 3a 3OHO'i CBapll" np.. 06blHOM OCBell\eHIol.. AO
lII..raH"A nvrn. npl13TOM "CKnIOaBTCA CBaplla <cBClleny1O"" nOTpB6HOCTb B
'I CTOM ..3MeHeHIoI" nonOllleH..A MaCll10l npOl CMeHe CBapOHblX 311eIlTpOAOB,
I40HTpOlle wBa .. T.n.
611011 3all\..THoro aBTOMaT..eClIoro CBeTO<;J..llb Tpa [59) COCTO..T ..3 JJBYX
neMeHTOB IllIoIAII..X IIp..CTannOB C nOllAp..3al\..OHHbIM <;J..llbTpOM, "HTeP-
'f' peHu..OHHoro <;J..nbTpa, OTpalllalOll\erO ynbTpa<;J..oneTOBoe .. "H<;Jpa-
KpaCHoe "311yeH..e .. nponycllalOll\ero CBeT B 0611aCT.. IIIBmO-3eneHoii
" CT" cnellTpa (5500 HM). a TaKllle ..3 nonOllH..TenbHOrO CllOA, nomo-
UldlOll\ero ynbTpa4J..OlleTOBoe "311eH..e. 11>0ToAeTellTOp, pear"pyIOll\..ii
118 CBeTOBoe "311yeH..e Ayr.., np..BOA"T B AeiicTB..e 311eKTpOHHblii IIOHTVP,
I ryn"pYIOIl\..ii npOH"l\8eMOCTb. BCA c..CTeMa 3aKnIOeHa B Hopnyc ..3 ller-
lIoro cnnaBa .. CMOHT"pOBaHa B MaClle CBapll\..lIa. YCrpoiiCTBO .. cxeMa
KOMnallTHbI, He MewalOT npOBeAeHHIO CBapOHblX pa60T. ..x He HYIIIHO Aep-
aTb B pYllax.
CTBneHb oClla611eHHR ..311y..eH..A nyr.. nOA6"pa1OT perynRTopoM Ha
1I\..Tlle AnA 1I0HllpeTHOro BIolAB CBapll" .. n..ana30Ha TOIIOB B COOTBeTCTBH" C
I 8poneiiclI..M CTaHABpTOM. n..TaH..e oCYll\eCTBnAeTCA OT aCOBbiX 311eMeH-
lOB ..n.. COllHeHblX 6aTapeii.
69

cnEL.J.1-1AI1bHAR O,D,EmAA,
CPEACTBA 3ALl\,1-1Tbl
06YBb
1-1
,D,pyr1-1E
npo..aBOACTBO Cneu..allbtloii oAeltlP,bl AnR CBapll\..IIOB .. ee paU"O-
HallbHOe ..cnOllb30BaH..e - OAHO ..3 BalllHeiiw..x ycnoB..ii 06eCneH"A
6eaonaCHOCTM 'PYAa. npO<;JWlaIlT..II.. TpaBMaT..3Ma .. npO<;JBCC"OHBnbHbIX
3aOOneBaH..ii. f\.nR Sall\MTbI OT ..3ny..eH..R. Opbl3r" pacnnaBlleHHOrO MeTall-
na, MeXaH..eCII"X nOBpelllAeH..ii, nepeoxnalllAeH..A np.. pa60Te Ha OTllpbl-
TOM B03Avxe B xOllOAHOe BpeMR rOAa CBapll\..lI.. ..cnOllbaYIOT cneU..allbHYIO
OAelllAY (IIOCTIOMbI, xanaTbI, cj>apTVII..), PYllaB"Ubl, nepaTK" .. APyr..e C1II3.
CneuoAelllAY Bbl6..palOT B 3aB..C..MOCT.. OT cnoc06a CBapll" .. YCllOB..ii
TPYAa B COOTBeTCTB.... C rOCT 12.4.103-83 ..CC6T. OAelllAa cneu..anbHBA.
CpeACTBa ""B"J:lYallbHOii 3all\..TbI Hor .. PYII. Knacc"cP..llaU.. R '
(Taon. 10).
T JO. Bw45opOAB_ B 388MC>WOmt OT_ """""" My<:noBMiiTpYJlll
BMA C88pKM ycnoBMR rpYl18 Ha3H8'"1eHM8 cneu. PeKOMeHl1Y8Mble TMnbl cneLl-
OAen ;"nen
B MH8pTHWX B npOM36QACT- 38L.LIKT8 nepeAH8M "8CT\'1 KOCTOM M3 06neNeHHOrO (Jpe3eHTB
ra3aJl B8HHWX noMew&- Ten. M n en 3I1eKJpO- C.saIQIofTHbIMM H8KJ"1M M3:TK8IHM
".." M8ntMTHOrD M3I1Y"1 HMA mM 4»eHW10H. CTtMKOM II di"V'4e-
OflTM'of8CKOrO AI4 nUOHa tWllO; tKICTIOM M3IPeHKI"IOttI)-)(JIOn-
(ym.rpa$4oneT08orO) M MOBOM 1'MI.HM (TV 178-321).
He3H8'tMTenbHOrO pa3-- K8n8Ttt3 nMoeoMnaHM
6..... 3 MBaH"" MeTe1V"" (TV 11-08-326-91
nQ,Q c$)nlOCOM To... 3'TiiI OT H83H8..KTe.nb- 6pe3BHT08W tIOCTIOM C DOte3-.-
HorO M CI1y0.48MHorD p8a- UU4THOM nponMTHoM
C5pw3l'Me8HMR. ropA'fero flY 17.-237-851
WJl8M8 M OKanMHbI
rloKpbffiolM" 8ttyTpM 3BMIIHY- 3.U(.MTII Tenll OT nosw- H3OIIMHM MCMpOCTOMMMM M
3.n8MTP0p.8MM. TbP npocTp8KCT8 WlHHWX T8Mnep8'1'VP M TepMOCTOM,utM HOCTJ:JM B MOMone....
110poWMOBW- C npeA88pMTen..- MHT8H ..BHoro p83fipw3- TEl C OxnlUMA8lOMM 3neMeHT8MM
foil" npo8011D- ...WIA nQAotp88OM O'IS8HMA paCMaBl1eHHoro
HaM" B vrne. M3AamtM ,qo ...TOMB
H.,.cnOM r838 4OO.C
nOMpwTWMM To )Me, C IlpeABII- 3euJrrTI nepeAHIIM 'AIICTM 6pe34tHT08bW1 MOCTIOM C Of'HecTOM-
3I18HTpoA2I. pMT8/U.HWM no- TeRI OT nolNlolweHHWIC MOM nponMTHoM C 3AL1!MTHWM.,. Ha-
nopowll.Ofl'" AOrPI!80MAO 11IMnepatYP M MHTeHCMB. MaAKIIUM"3 MCHpOC:ToMKOro M
MM npoBQflG- 150°C MOro pa36pw31'\411I1HHA T8pMOCTOMMOro MIITBpHanli II ..0....
HaMH . yrne- _IIMI nn HTe C OxnaHIAlllOw,MMM 3118MBH.
...,.CI1OM rll38 TIIMIII
70
BM,D, CRapHM YcnOElA Tpy.o.a nnOl1.0flfflBHH8 TB6n. 10
H83fiB'IeHe cneu- PeOOMeHAyeMbie THnbl cneu-
OAebI OAeJoK,QbI
B npOIll311QJ:!,CT- 3atqMTB Te11B DT HHTetl 6pe3etlTOBbll1 t!OCTIQM C OI'HecTOM-
BBHHblX nOM8t1(.fJ- CMB oro paat:lpbl3l14BB- HOM nponMT1(ort lot 3aTHDt"'l4 l1a-
""R>< I1MI! II yc.noBMAX H p- ""IIAH.!MM M3 cnMf1"8
He OTKpbITOM ManbHoro MHKpoKl1HMaTa (TV 12-<.'-237-<151
To )M8. IS VcnOBMAX no- HocnoM M306l1e1"tBHHOtO tipe3eH'T1l
B03,Ayxe B TBnJI),IM BblW H W}C T8Mn paTyp C 3aUU"lTHb4MH HaII.f1aD,KaMH C DrHe.
n pHD,Q rQAa B03,IXyxll aallJ,KTHOM nponKTHolit
To HIe, II xonon. To MCe II ycnolSHAx, no. ITY 17-08-123-85, TKn A)
6p83UHT08b/IH HacTlOII'! C orHEICT1JM-
HbiM nepHo,a HM*BHWXTeMneparyp MOM nponKniOM M aaKfHblMM He-
1I03AYXI KI1MM 1113 MCKpOCTOMKOro MaTe-
pKanlli KOMnneKTe c yren1I HblMIil
npoHfla.llM8MIot B 38 I;IMOCnt OT
HflI;IM8TM<I8CHMX 30H
nOHpWTblMM B npoM38O,1lCT' fTY 11-08-122-85, 'illn 6\
3al..Ll.\o'In nepCAHElt4 ..Bent HOC11OM \0'13 o«5neNeHHOro 6pe3eHT8
KTpOA MM. SCHHWX nOM8WB- Tena ... m1l.la OT 3neKTpo- C 381.1.\MTHblMI;I H HfIaMlll M T1WIHI;I
napolUKOIIW- "MR>< MarHIllTHoro ""eHMA 'I;Ina qJeHW1011. CToMMOi4 K o6ny.4e-
PotM npoBOno- Onnt'iecKOro ,[IlIIana30H8 HMIO; IIOCTIOM M3 qJeHl;lnOHo--xnon-
M' M. (vnbTpa4)HonsTOBoro) M KOsoM TK8 M (TV 17-Da-326-91)
HHBpTHbiX H83I1B'IHTenbHOrO pea-
.B>< ti[)bl3rM8aHMA Mer-anne
nOKpWTblMK To HIe 3alllHTa Of H83HB-.MTQf1b- 6pe3eHtOBWt4 1I000000M C OrHB38(1UtT-
IIneKTpo,QaMM. HOro lit CnV"WIMHOro pea- HoK npoOKTHOM tTY 11--OS-231-85J
nopowMOBbI- tipbl3rMBaHKA. roplO'lero
III"" npoaono- wnaKB 1'1 OMan Hbi
II Ml'lno,a
.,nlOCOM
6011bwoe 1I0lleCTBO BOI.QOB CBapll" .. pa3Hble Kn"MarneCII"e YCllOB..R
UnpeABllAIOT A"<;J<;JepeHu..poeaHHblii Bbl60p MaTep..BllOB .. TllaHe>i. Cneu-
UAI!I!\AY, ..CnOllb3yeMYIO B 3..MH..ii nep"OA, He06xOA"MO ..arOTOBnRTb ..a Tlla.
He C H..3110ii .B03AyxonpOH"l\8eMOCTblO, a lleTHlO1O cneUOAelllAY - ..3 Tlla.
He.. C BblCOIIO.. B03AyxonpOH"l\8eMOCTblO. AnA Bepxa IIOCTIOMa np..MeHAIOT
TKaHH C orpaHw.eHHOM orHeCTOMHOCTblO. MallOM MaCCOH '" He3Ha"''''TenbHOH
Hll!CTIIOCTblO.
Oc06eHHOCTblO 60nbW..HCTBa IIOCTIQMOB AnR Ceapll\..IIOB ABllAeTCA Han..-
"e 3all\MTHbiX HaKnBAOII, pacnollollleHHblX cnepBAOl .. c3aA" Ha lIypTHe ..
plOllax. 3all\..THbie HaKnBAII.. AonlllHbI OTll..aTbCR BblCOlIoii orHeCToiillO-
CTblO.. "3HOCOCTOMHOCTblO. TllaH.... MaTep..anbl, ..3 1I0TOpbIX ..3roT8Bll..BalOT
IIOCTIOMbI, AOlllIIHbI ..MeTb xopow..e r..r"eH..eCII..e .. 3alll"THbie CBo>icTBa. a
TBKllle 06ecne"BaTb oa..HBHoBbl>i CpOK CJ1VIII6b1.
npOMblWlleHHblii BbinyclI TllaHeii .. MaTep..allOB AnA cneUOAelllAbi cBap-
IlI"II0B oCYll\eCTBllAeTCA B COOTBBTCTB.... C rOCT 12.4.105-86 «CC6T. TIIB-
.... .. MaTep..anbi AnA cnellOAelllAbi CBapll\..lIOBn B 1I0TOpOM ..3flOllleHbI
71

Tpe60BaH"A II aa"THbiM cBoiicTBaM " 3I1cnnyaTal\"OHHblM nOllB3aTenRM
MaTep..anoB.
IIIHcT..ryroM 311eHTpOCBapll" ..M. E. O. naTOHa COBMBCTHO C H..eBCII..M
AOMOM MOAeneii pa60eii OAeMiAbl pa3pa60TaH IIOMnnellT BCeCB30HHOii
OAeMiAbl (TY 17 Yllpa"Hbll4-1!>-94), 1I0TOpblii npeACTaBllAeT co60ii IIOC-
TIOM, COCTOAIl\..ii "3 lIypTII.. C np..CTBr..BalOll\..MCA lIanlOwOHOM, a Tallllle
6plOII C nplolCTer..BalOUleiicA yTeMRIOll\eii rIOJIKI1l1AlIoii (P"c, 39) (60). PyKaB B
ero nepe.QHeii 8CTl1 _eeT "3rl<6, COOTBeTCTBYlOll\loIii cpeAHeMY CYCTBBHOMY
yrny MeMiAY nneOM .. npel\l1l1B'lbBM PyK" np.. OCHOBHOii pa60eii n03e CBap-
IlI"lIa (-120.). Talloii "3rlol6 YMBHbWaeT HarpY3I\Y Ha PYH" CBapll\..1I8 H8 25-
30%. KOMnlleKT 06beMHoii yrennRlOllIeiii nOAKllBAH" Ha BarnHe TaKIIIB COCTOOIT
..3 KypTII" .. 6PlOII, cHa6H1BHHblX nyrOB..l\8M.. AnR np"CTemBaH"R II BepxHeMY
IIOCTIOMY. 11eTH..ii BapMBHT oaeMiAbi (TY 17 Yllpa..HbI 14-16-94) npe.nCTaBllReT
co6oii TOT lIIe IIOCTIO..., HO 683 yreMOITenR. OcHOBHble MaTep..allbl, OICnOllb-
aYBMble B 1I00000Me, -llbHAHBA napyc"H8 C OrHeCToiilloii npOn"TlIOii, nOllOTHO
nallaTO..Ho--nnall\eBOe rJlllAlIOllpaweHoe C nponMTlloii.
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P>oc. 39 3c.- """""""'" A/III CIIIIpU¥f-
III no TV 17 V_...14--15-94
Cep"C\Hoe npO..3BOACTBO HOBOro BI-I,D,B cneUOAeMiAbi opraH..30BaHO Ha
MalleBSClloii wBeiiHoii <;Jaop"IIB paeii OAeMiAbi (AoHel\lIaR 06n.).
72
O,QH..M ..3 BBIKHblX cpB,QCTB "H.!I"S",QyanbHoH 3aUlI1Tb1 CBBPIl\"IIOB ABllR-
eTCA Cnel\..anbHaA 06YBb, 1I0TOpyIO np..MeHAIOT AnR 3all\..Tbl OT OIilOroB
OpblaraM" pacnnaBllBHHoro MeTaJll1a, MexaH..ecll"X TpaBM, nBpeOXllaMiAB-
H..R np.. pa60Te HB OTllpblTOM Boa,Qyxe B a"MHee BpBMA, neperpeBa np..
CBaplle ..3A1!ll..ii C npe,QBap"TenbHbIM .. ConyTCTBYIOW..M nOAorpeBOM, a
TOllllle OT nopallleH..R 311eHTp..eCII"M TOHOM, oco6eHHO np.. pa60Te B 3allpbl-
TblX npocrpaHCTeax. Cnel\06YBb AonlllHa COOTBeTCTBOBaTb Tpe60aaH"RM
I OCT 12.4.032-77 «CC6T. 06yBb CnBl\..allbHaA 1I0lllaHaR AnA 3all\..TbI OT no.
bblWBHHblX TeMnepaTVp. TexH..eclI..e YCllOB..R>I .. rOCT 12.4.050-78 .CC6T.
06YBb Cnel\..anbHaA BRlleHaA AnR 3all\OlTbl OT nOBblweHHblX TeMneparyp. Tex-
"..ecH..e ycnOB"A>I. Caapll\..lIaM 38npBUlaeTcR pa60TaTb B 06ya.. C OTllpbIToiii
IlIHypoBIIOii >In.. MeTann..eCII"M" rB03ARM.. B nOAOWBe. K COlllalleH..IO, 3T..
'Jlc60BaH"R 3BacTVIO BbinOllHRIOTCR He nonHOCTblO. 'ITO nOjjBepraeT CBapll\"-
III onpe,QellBHHOMY PIolCI\Y.
IIIHCT..ryroM alleHTpOCBapll" "M. E. O. naTOHa COBMeCTHO C YKpHlII1II
HUllleBeHHQ-{)6YBHOii npoMblwneHHOCTI1 pa3pa60TaHa cnel\..anbHaR Tep-
Me cTOiillaA 06YBb AnA CBap"IIOB (60TI1HK", nOllycanOr.. .. canor..), (61).
I <:06oe BH"MaH..e YAelleHO 3a"THbiM CBOHCTBaM 06YB", r..r"eH"eCII"M
101 SproHOM....ecll..M Tpe60BaH"RM. B aCTHOCT", MaTep..allbl, ..cnOllb3ye-
Mble AnA ..3roToBlleH..A Cnel\06yB.., AOlllIIHbl 06n8ll8Tb A"311BKTp..ecll"M"
I AoiicTBaM", a MaTep..an nOAowBbI, IIpOMB Toro, BblAeplII..BaTb IIpaTIIO-
A' MeHHblii 1I0HTallT C nOBepXHOCTRM". HarpeTblM" ,11.0 150°C. 3a 6a30Bblii
n,,"HAT 06pa3el\ nOllycanora (pIolC. 40).

\
..
a
6
PMC. 40. 06I1ptM B nonycanon JU1A C8afKL'MHa: B - HnanSH 3BHpWT
(pa60'188 nOlJOJHeHIIfe); 6 - KflanaH OTHpwr (BH.QHB WHYPOSKB)
3aHpenneH..e canora Ha Hore ABOiiHoe: np.. nOMOIl\" WHypOBII.. .. peM-
,'" C npRIHKoii. ,QeTBn" Bepxa 113rOTaBlll1BalOT ..a lO<tJTeBoii "11.. XpOMOBOii
73

1I0Hl" nOeblWeHHblX TOllU\l'lH. nO.l:lOWBbI .. lIa6nyll" c<;JOpMOeaHbI "3 TepMD-
CToiilloii .. "3HOCOYCTOii"BOii pe3..Hbl. Cnoc06 HpenneH..A eepxa C H..30M
OGYB" _ re03.QeKneeeoii, npoteM Ha BHeWHlO1O nOBepXHOCTb nO.l:lOWebi
WllAnll.. rBo3.Qeii He BblXO.[\RT, a Ha lIa6nyKe rB03.1:1101 YTOnneHbI e yrny6neH"R.
Pa3pa60TaHHaR 06YBb OT8BaeT Tpe60BaH"AM TY YHpa"Hbl 8572-93
.06yeb cnel\..allbHaR 1I0HlaHaR AnA aalll"Tbl OT nOBblweHHblX TBMn_eparyp
AnA CBapUl..lIoel> .. nOCTaBneHa Ha npO..3BOACTBO Ha ApTeMOBCIIO" o6ye-
Hoii cj>a6p..lle.
AnA 3all\..Tbi PYH e COOTBeTCTB.... C rOCT 12.4.010-75 .CC6T. Cpe.l:lCT-
ea ..HA..B"AyallbHoii 3all\loITbi. PYllaB"l\bI cnellOlallbHble. TexH..eclI"e yc-
1l0B..RI> clleAyeT np..MeHRTb npocTble pyllaB"l\bI, PYHaB"l\bI C IIparaM" "n..
nepaTII", "3rOTOBlleHHble ..3 "cllpocToiilloro MaTep..ana C T"nOM aall\..TbI.
np.. CBapOHblX pa60Tax. BbinonHAeMbiX C".I:IR, Ha 1I0neHRX ..11.. neHla Ha
CBap..eaeMbiX ..3.1:1en..RX, e YCllOB..RX nOBblweHHOii onacHocrn nopaHleH..R
TOIIOM, Ceapll\..IIOB He06xOA"MO 06ecneIoITb MaTaM" otn" 1I0BpotllaM" paa-
MepaM", AOCTaTOHbIM" AnR ..30nAl\.... CBaplllOlllOB OT ..3.1:1ell..A. B oc06o
onaCHbiX enyaRx CBaPll\..IIOB. IIpOMe Toro, He06xOA"MO 06Bcn..Tb wne-
MaM.. .. nepaTHaM" ..3 AIo1311eHTP..eclloro MaTep..ana.
nOCTORHHblii TOil no CBoeMY nopaHlalOll\eMV AeiicTB"1O np"MepHO e 3-
5 paa oe30nacHee, eM nepeMeHHblii TOil ..aCToToii OT 15 AO 400 rl\. no.
3TOMY np" pYHoii AyroBoii CBaplle nOllpblTblM" anellTpO.l:laM" Ha nOCTOAH-
HOM TOile np..MeHeH..e orpaH""Telleii HanpAHleH..A XOllOCToro xOAa He
06R3aTBllbHO. ECll" CBapllY Ha nOCTOAHHOM TOile ebinOllHAIOT B yenoe"AX
nOBblweHHoii onaCHOCT" nopaHleH..A 3nellTp..eCIlIolM TOHOM, 311eIlTpo-
CBapll\loIlIOB, IIpOMe cnel\OAeHlAbl, AOllHlHbI 06ecn"BaTb A"311eKTp..e-
CII..M.. nepaTllaM", rallowaM.. ..n.. 1I0Bp..llaM.., a np.. eepORTHOCTIol CO.
np..IIOCHoeeH..R C MeTannOM CBap..BaeMoii 1I0HCTpytll\.... - HaHoneHH..lla-
MH '" Hanl1e'lHMHaMI.I1.
OnaCHOCTb nopaHleH..R 311eIlTp..ecll"M TOIIOM nOBblwaeTCR, een..:
. nOMeeHHe Mn" pa60'1ee MeCTO orpaHM'4MS8eT ceo60AY ABHH4eHH, "'3-38
'tero pa60'1H AOnH4BH BblnOI1HATb ceapHY B Heyno6HOM nonmKBHHH (H8 to-
neHAX. CM,Q,A, nel«a.. I.A.);
. nOM8U4BHMe MOHpoe. anStMHOe (OTHOCMTenbHaR BnatMHOTb 15% "PH TeMrt!-
parype 20 DC) ""'.. HarpeToe (TBMneparypa BOSAyxe 30 C). rAe BllaHlHOCTb
HnH KOH.QBHC8T BnarH CYLlLSCTBBHHO CHMHi810T conpoTHBneHIoi8 KOJMH H Ten8
'teJ10eeKa. a T8HIM8 M3011HpYK>ut,HB CBOCTB8 acnoMorllTenbHblX cpeACTB M
cpen CT8 HH.QMBlI1AyanbHoM 38LL1MTbI.
74
B ACTY 2456-94 n. 7.13 Ylla38Ho, TO ..CTO'IH..II" n..TaH..A (ycTaHoe-
II.. pYHoii .I:IyroBoii cBapll") /lOllHlHbl 6blTb 060pYAoBaHbI 611ollaM.. CH..-
HleH"A HanpRHleH..R. np.. 3TOM pOA ceapoHoro TOlla He YTOHReTCR. 0.1:1-
0111110 B n. 7.2 Toro HIe ACTY nOAepll"BaeTcR: "YcTpoiicTBa. ..cnonb3ye-
Mble AnR .I:IyroBoii cBaplI.., AOllHlHbI YAoBlleTBopRTb Tpe60BaH"RM
roCT 12.2.007.8-75.. B n.2.4 rOCTa peb "AeT 00 orpaH""TenRx Ha.
npAHleH..A xonOCToro xOAa TOllbllO A/lA YCTpoiicTB pYHoii AyroBoii cBap-
II.. Ha nepeMeHHOM TOile. Tall..M 06pa30M, Tpe60BaH"R n.7.13
flCTY 2456-94 06 06R3aTenbHOM np..MeHeH.... orpaH....Telleii HanpAHle-
H"R xonOCToro xOAa lIacalOTCA TOllbllO "CTOH"IIOB n"TaH"A nepeMeHHoro
'olla np.. ..x 3I1cnnyaTal\.... e nOMell\eH..RX noeblweHHoii onaCHocrn .. TeM
nonee B oco60 onaCHblX nOMeeH"AX.
nOAo6Hble TpOOOBaHIoIR CO,AepHlaTCA .. e /lpyr..x HopMaT..BHblX AOKY-
M HTax.. CTaHAapTaX no 6eaonaCHOCT" TpYAa. Hanp"Mep, B COOTeeTCTB.... C
1\ iiCTBYlOll\lo1M rOCT 12.3.003-86. n. 2.8 (c ..3MeHeH..RM.. OT 01.10.89 r.) ..
" 6.7.81 flHAOnO.00-1.21-98 np.. pHoii .I:Iyroaoi1 ceaplle nepeMeHHblM
'OIlOM nOllpbITblM" aneKTpoAaM" e nOMell\eH..RX noeblweHHoii onaCHOCT"
IIopaHleH..R 311eKTpIolecll"M TOIIOM, a TaIlHll! e 3aMIIHyrblx .. TPYAHOAOCTyn-
tllolX npocTpaHcTBax BcerAa eneAyeT ..cnOllb30eaTb yCTpOiicTea orpaH..eH"A
tlnnpRHleH..R XOllOCTOro XO,Aa IoICTOH"lIa n..TaH"R. 3aMIIHYTbIM.. npocTpaH-
nnaM.. (noMeweH"AM") c..-raIOT npocTpaHCTBa. orpatl..eHHble nOBepxHo-
, '"M", ..MelOll\..e nlOlI.. (na3b1), C paaMepaM", npenATCTeYIOIl\"M" ceo60,A-
" MY .. 6b1CTpoMY npOXO,Ay ..epea H"X pa60TalOU\I'IX .. aaTpY/lHRlOIl\..M..
IIf TeCTBeHHblii e03Ayxo06MeH; Tpy/lHO.QocrynHblM.. Clle,AyeT C"TaTb Tall..e
"I OCTpaHCTBa (nOMell\eH"R), e HOTOpblX Be..,Ay MallbiX pa3MepOB aaTpy.l:l-
II"HO ebinOllHeH..e pa60T, a eCTeCTBeHHblii B03AYXOOOMeH He,AOCTaTO'IeH.
YCTpoiicTeo CH..HleH..A HanpRHII!H"R xOllOCTOro xO,Aa /lOlllKHO 06ecne-
'IH08Tb Ha BblXOAHblX K11eMMaX HCTO"iHIo1Ka nMTaHHA HanpRJKeHMe He Bblwe
12 B B TeH..e He 60nee 1 C nocne npellpall\eH..R cBapll" ..n.. yeell..eH"A
, . npoT..BlleH..R BHewHei1 cBapoHoii l\en.. 6011ee 200 OM.
Bo ..36elKaH..e HeCaCTHbI)( cllyaeB .. nOllyeH"A CBapll\..lIaM.. 311ell-
'ItoTpaeM He06xo,A..Mo He3aB"C"MO OT pona ceapoHoro TOlla (nocTORH-
Iblii ..n.. nepeMeHHblii) cTporo C06nlO/laTb npae..na BbinOllHeH..R cBapo'
"'X paooT e onaCHbiX ycnoe"Rx, ..3110IKeHHble B n. 6.7.80
IIHAOn 0.00.1.21-98 .. e pa3,Aene 4 rOCT 12.3.003-86. nplol eblnOllHeH....
mo6b1x cBapoHblx pa60T nOllpbITblM" 311eIlTpO,AaM" cneAyeT ..cnonb30BaTb
"nbllO 311eKTpo6e30nacHbie 3I1eKTpO.l:lOAepHlaTen.., COOTBeTcTBYIOIl\..e
'I e60BaH..RM rOCT 14651-78. np..MeHeH..e caMO,AenbHblX 311eKTpO,A0-
75

nepHlaTeneii 3anpellleHo (n. n. 6.7.70.. 6.7.88f1HAOn 0.00-1.21-98 .npa-
e..lla oeaonacHoii allcnnYaTal\.... 311ellTpoYCTaHoeoll nOTpe6..Teneii"l.
np..coeA..HeH..e CBapoHbiX lIa6eneii II aneKTpOAOAepHlaTenlO, "3Aen..10 ..
cBapoHoii YCTaHoelle AonHlHO 6blTb HBAeHlHblM .. oCYll\eCTBllRTbcA Mexa-
HH'IeCKHMH 3aHU1Ma""M.
ComaCHO flCry 2456-94 MeTallll..ecll..e aCT" ecex elolAOB cBapoHo-
ro o6opynoeaH..A, HOTopble B npol\ecce 3I1cnnYaTBl\.... MOryT 0lla3aTbCR
non HanpAHleH..eM, AonHlHbI 6blTb HBAeHlHo 3a3eMneHbl. KaHlAaA eA..H"l\a
cBapoHoro 060PYAoBaH"R AOllHlHa ..MeTb oTAenbHblii 3a3eMnAlOw..ii npo-
BOA, np"COBA..HAeMblii H 3a3eMllRIOIl\eii Mar..CTpall...
3all\..Ta rolloebl cBaplll..lla OT MexaH..eCII"x TpaBM .. nOpaHll!H..R
311eKTp..eCH"M TOIIOM o6ecne"BaeTcA np.. ..CnOllb30eaH.... 3all\MTHbiX
lIaeoll no rOCT 12.4.128-83 «CC6T. KaclI.. aalll"THble. 061l\IoIe TeXH"eCII..e
Tpe60eaH"R" MeTOAbi ..cnblTaH..ii..
AnR 3all\..TbI ceapll\..lIa OT conp..llocHoBeH..R C BllaHlHoii, xonOJl,Hoii
3eMlleii, CHeroM. a TallHle C xonOAHblM MeTannOM Heooxon"MO ..cnonbao-
BaTh OOAcn1I1HH. H8HoneHHHt<&.1 1013 orHeCTOVlHHX MaTepanOB C 3naCTH'IHOM
npoclloiiHOii.
B eOOTBeTCTB.... C rOCT 12.4.068-79 «CC6T. CpeAcTea ..HJ\I<B"AYallb-
Hoii 381l\..TbI p,epMaTollor....ecH..e. Knacc..<;J..llal\..R .. 0611.1..e Tpe60BaH"R'
AnR 3all\..TbI HOHI.. PYH np.. caapoHblx pa60Tax pelloMeHJIYIOT np..MeHATb
naery 1113P ..n.. 3all\..THblii IlpeM «nneHIl006pa3YIOIl\..ii., 1I0TOpble HaHOCAT
Ha IIOHlY nepBA pa60Toii .. noelle 06eAeHHoro nepepblea.
np"MeHeH..e Ceapll\..HaM.. .. pa60"M" pOAcTBeHHblx cnellOlallbHO-
CTeii (HanllaBIl\..II... pe3"II" .. np.1 He06xoA"MOii OAeHlllbl. 06YB" .. npyr..x
CIII3 "MeeT 6011bwoe COl\..allbHoe 3H8BH'1e. nOCIIOllbKy 06ecne"BaeT
YAOOCTeo .. 6e30naCHOCTb pa6OTbI, HaAeHlHyIO 3al1.llolTV OT ..CHp .. 6pbl3 r
pacnllaBlleHHoro MeTalllla .. OT nOpaHll!H"A 3neIlTplol..eCII..M TOIIOM, a TallHle
3Ha"TenbHO COllpall\aeT TpaeMaT..3M .. npoeryAHble 3a6011eeaH"A.
76
Cm1COK m1Tepa-rypbl
1. rop6aHb II. H. Mem"l\II..ii B. A., 3HHaH A. A. YcnoB"R TPYAa .. 3AO-
poBbe ceapll\..lIoe: eoepeMeHHble np06neMbi .. nyr.. ..x pewe-
H"R 1/ CBapoHoe npO"3eOACTBO. - 1995. - NQ 6. - C. 31-32.
2. CTenaHoB A. r., ronoBBTIOII A. n.. OxpaHa Tpyna CBapll\..Ha. - K.:
061l\eCTBO «3HaH..e. YCCP. 1978. - 20 c.
3. rop6aHb II. H., HpacHIOK E. n.. l1>aKTopoe III. B. Bll..RH..e YCllOB..>i
Tpyna Ha COCTORH..e 3AopoebA .. 3a6011eBaeMocTb pa60TalOll\"x e
cBapoHoM npo..3BOACTBe II r ..r..eHa Tpyna: Pecn. MeHlIIBA. co. _
1983. - Bbln. 19. - C. 40-49.
4. I1ell'leHIIO O. r.. MernHlIKMM B. A. OnacHbie .. BPBAHble npo..aeoAcTeeH.
Hble $lKTOpbl np.. ceaplle II Ceaplll"lI. - 1998. - N. 1. - C. 28-27.
5. Tepex"H A. C.. MoconoB H.III. Eie30nacHocTb TPYAS 311eIlTPoceapll\"
lIa. - M.: Maw"HocTpoeH..e, 1990. - 96 c.
6. IlKcapeHIIO B.11., Pon1HC...... M. n. BeHTOIllRl\..A pa60..x MeeT B CBa.
pO'<HOM npO..3BOACTBe. -M.: Maw"HOCTpOeH..e, 1981. -121 c.
7. rpMMlmHf M.II!. flyrn Aa/lbHeiiwero noBblWBH..R 3Cj:xpeIm<BHOCTM
eetmtllAlIOIloI .. 3t\O/1OIM'-ieCI 6e3onacHOCrn csapO'<HOrO
np0M3B0ACTB8I/ AKTyanbH. npo6n. BeH1WlRt.l".. .. 3IIOn0M! 6e3onacHcx:'n< e
caapO'<. 1lp-fIB: Mamp..anbl Hay't.-TeXH. ceM"Hapa. (J1eH..Hrpa,I:\, 5-6 ..IOI1A
1990 r.l. - Il.: I\O.HTTl. 1990. -C. 3-10.
8. Y"Y"weH..e COCTORH"A B03AYWHOii cpeAbi e C60poHO-CBapoHblx
4exax I M. III. rp"M..m"H, C. 10. KOHApaWOB, III. C. Anellceeea ..
AP.II OxpaHa TpYAa B ycnoe"Rx ..HTeHc..<;J..llal\.... npo"3eoAcTBa.-
11.. 1987. - C. 40-61.
9. -AIK. nJllIIMYT AEi.. If..CTblii cBeHl..ii B03AYX: KaTallor. - MallbMe
(WBel\"RI. 1988. - 30 c.
10.  eHOCTb"P"_MR<;J"llbAlIOIOHHblXyc-
TaHOBOll B 3r1BKTpoCB8HOM npoo38OACTBB 110. III. KVI1/1IIeB. 11. I-l r Op6aHb
A. A. Ma3yp, E. n. Tynii 1/ HOBbIe npDllBCCbl caaPI\", HBnll8BHOI .. ra3OT8pM":
'ieOiMX IlOIIpbrrlolii B MBW..HOCTpOeH....: Te3.nOHn. BCeCOI03. H8.-
TeXH. 1I0H<tJ. {T araHpQf, OIIT. 1986 r.l. TaraHpOC,!),oM TeXH"!II1, 1986. - C. 8.
Cn"COH nffioparypbl
77

11. KytlAMBB 10. III., M83yp A. A. rOp6aHb 11. H. r..r..eH"eclI..ii .. 3110110-
r..eclI..ii acneKTbI npo6neMbi 60pb6b1 CO cBapOHblM" a3po3011R-
M,,/lCeapo. np-Bo.-1987.-N23.-C.1-3.
12. Maayp A. A.. rop6aHb II. H., 3HHBH A. A. 3KOHoM"lIa o3,QopoBlleH"R
e03,QywHoii CPBAbi np.. ceaplle 113KOllor..... npo6J1. ceapO'<. np-ea:
I MeIllAYH. CeM"Hap (rn"B"l\e, nOnbWa. 13--15 OKT. 1992 r.l. - rn..e"lIB:
MAC, 1992.-C.37-39.
13. l1eBeHIIO O. r.. MeTnMM" B. A. CoepeMeHHble cpeACTBa eeHT"l1R-
l\.... np.. cBaplle (06aopl II ABTOMaT....ecllaR cBaplla. - 1995.-
NQ 3. - C. 4D--48.
14. 'JOICTbIM cBelll..j;; eo3,QYX: npaiiCll"CT. - 11.: COBn11..M, 1991. -16 c.
15. Att,Qp..aHoe 10. III.. BeMMaH 6. A., OnapeHIIO 11>. O. 0606111eHHblii
Kp"Tep"ii Ol\eHII" 1I0HCTpylll\.... ..l1bTpoeeHT..11RlIOIOHHblX arpera-
TOB, np..MeHAeMbix A/lR ynaBll..eaH..R ceapoHoro AbI-
Ma II 3110110r... npo611. ceapo. np-ea: I MeIllAYH. ceM"Hap (r11..e"l\B,
Ilonbwa, 13-15 OIlT. 1992 r.l. - rn..B..l\e: MAC, 1992. - C. 30-31.
16. Bbicollo3<l$eKTMBHaR OIoICTHa e03Ayxa I nOA pe,!!. n. Yaiim ..
C. CM"Ta. - M.: ATOM..3AaT, 1967. - 312 c.
17. Bonooacn.Ie <;JMllb-rpyK>ll\lolB MGTepOI8llbl I1>n 1111. B. neTpRHOB. B. III. Koonoe,
n. III. EiaCMBHOB, 6. III. Oropo,o,H..II08. - M.: 0-«> .3HaHlolBII, 1968. - 80 c.
18. nMpYHOB A. III. 06ecnbln..BaHl-le B03,Qyxa. - M.: CTpOii"3,QaT, 1981.-
296c.
19. CJ>yKe K. A. MexaH..lla a3p030neii. - M.: 1113A-BO AH CCCP. 1955.-
352c.
20. COIIOllOB B. A. MonellynRpHble cOITa .. ..x np"MeHeH..e. - M.: HaYKa,
1964. - 149 c.
21. Ml-lpcII..ii R. B. Hoeble 8,!!cop6eHTbI- MOllBllynRpHble c..Ta. - M.:
HaYlla, 1964. - 112 c.
22. rpl4MMlJ1MH A. M.. M 10. T. CH..lIIBH..e 38rpR3HeH"A aTMOC<tJePlloro
II03A'{XB "POI ceapoqHblX pa60Tax /I CoepeMBHHble cnoco6bl O'<"CTIIM
epBAHblx BbI6poooa e iITMOC<PePY: MaTeJll'l8llbl H.-TBXH. ceM"Hapa
(11eH"HrpBA, 5--6 "1011R, 19901. - 11.: IlAHTn, 1991. - C. 62-64.
23 My Pocket Guide to .Clean fresh air.. - Plymo Vent, 1998. - 70 s.
78
Cn"",," nMTOparypw
24. 3HOIOpYC-8eHTO: npocnellT. - C.-fleTep6ypr. 2000. - 18 c.
25. r pIIMOIT11"H A. M.. l1ee'IBHlIO O. r. BeHTMnR"OHHoe o6opy,!!oeaHOIB
Hnn .3KOlOpyc-8eHTOII AnA ceapoHblx l\exoe II Caaplll".. - 2000 -
N2 1. - C. 25-27.
26. H<B.Ie qJeAC'I1!8 r.teCTHOi< -.ntnR AnA /O.r../1ee<iBHIIQ.
B. A.  HIO.AracbRH ..q>./ICaapuwl.-I999. -N24.-G. 30-31.
27. IJ>MnbTpoBBHTW1AlI"OHHblM arperaT "TeMn-20001l1 O. r.l1eeeHllo.
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