ǨȕȚȖȕȐȑ
ǶǹǹǭǵǬǶǪǹDzǰDZ
ǴǰǸǵȃǭ
ǯǨǪǶǭǪǨǺǭdzǰ
ǰȏȉȘȈȕȕȣȍ șȖȟȐȕȍȕȐȧ
ǺȖȔ IV
Salamandra P.V.V.

ǶșșȍȕȌȖȊșȒȐȑ Ǩ Ǽ
ǴȐȘȕȣȍ ȏȈȊȖȍȊȈȚȍȓȐ ǹȖșȚ ȗȖȌȋ ȚȍȒșȚȈ Ȑ ȗȘȐȔ Ǵ ǼȖ-
ȔȍȕȒȖ Ȑ Ǩ ȀȍȘȔȈȕȈ (ǰȏȉȘȈȕȕȣȍ șȖȟȐȕȍȕȐȧ ǺȖȔ IV). —
ǩ Ȕ.: Salamandra P.V.V., 2019. — 174 c. Ȑȓȓ — (Polaris Ƿț-
ȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȧ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȧ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȒȈ Ǫȣȗ CCCXLVI).
ǵȈșȚȖȧȡȍȍ ȐȏȌȈȕȐȍ ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȗȍȘȊȣȔ ȕȈ ȘțșșȒȖȔ ȧȏȣȒȍ șȖȉ-
ȘȈȕȐȍȔ ȐȏȉȘȈȕȕȣȝ șȖȟȐȕȍȕȐȑ ȗȖȓȤșȒȖ-ȘțșșȒȖȋȖ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȧ țȟȍȕȖȋȖ
ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȈ Ȑ ȈȊȈȕȚȦȘȐșȚȈ ǨȕȚȖȕȐȧ ǼȍȘȌȐȕȈȕȌȈ ǶșșȍȕȌȖȊ-
șȒȖȋȖ -1945).
Ǫ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȚȣȑ Ȑ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȚȖȔ șȖȉȘȈȕȐȧ ȊȖȠȓȈ ȕȈȗȐ-
șȈȕȕȈȧ Ȋ ȋȖȌȣ ǷȍȘȊȖȑ ȔȐȘȖȊȖȑ ȊȖȑȕȣ șȒȈȕȌȈȓȤȕȈȧ ȗȖȊȍșȚȤ ©ǴȐȘ-
ȕȣȍ ȏȈȊȖȍȊȈȚȍȓȐª Ȗ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȖȔ ©ȠȗȐȖȕȈȎȍª ȕȈ ǬȈȓȤȕȍȔ ǪȖșȚȖȒȍ
ȊȖȍȕȕȣȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣ Ȑ ȉȐȖȋȘȈȜȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȖȟȍȘȒ
© M. Fomenko, A. Sherman, cȖșȚȈȊ ȗȖȌȋ ȚȍȒșȚȈ ȗȘȐȔ 
© Salamandra P.V.V., ȖȜȖȘȔȓȍȕȐȍ 2019

ǴǰǸǵȃǭ
ǯǨǪǶǭǪǨǺǭdzǰ

8
ǺǶǾǻȉdz ǰȉǺǼDZǮȀdzǹǶ
ǻȓȜȏȣȜȒȖȚȜȓ ȝȞȓȒȖȟșȜȐȖȓ
ǸȍȠȍȕȐȍ ȊȒȓȦȟȐȚȤ Ȋ șȖȉȘȈȕȐȍ ȐȏȉȘȈȕȕȣȝ șȖȟȐȕȍȕȐȑ Ǩ Ƕșșȍȕ-
ȌȖȊșȒȖȋȖ ȗȖȊȍșȚȤ ǴȐȘȕȣȍ ȏȈȊȖȍȊȈȚȍȓȐ șȓȖȎȐȓȖșȤ ț ȕȈș ȕȍ șȘȈȏț ǹ
ȖȌȕȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȗȖȊȍșȚȤ ȥȚȈ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚ ȕȍșȖȔȕȍȕȕȣȑ ȐșȚȖȘȐȟȍș-
ȒȐȑ Ȑ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȕȣȑ ȐȕȚȍȘȍș ș ȌȘțȋȖȑ — ȚȍșȕȖ șȊȧ-
ȏȈȕȈ ș ȖȌȕȖȑ Ȑȏ ȕȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ ȕȍȗȘȐȋȓȧȌȕȣȝ șȚȘȈȕȐȞ ȉȐȖȋȘȈȜȐȐ Ǩ Ƕș-
șȍȕȌȖȊșȒȖȋȖ ǸȍȟȤ ȐȌȍȚ Ȗ ȉȍșȗȘȍȞȍȌȍȕȚȕȖȑ ȒȈȔȗȈȕȐȐ ȋȈȏȍȚȕȖȑ Ȓȓȍ-
ȊȍȚȣ ȠȈȕȚȈȎȈ Ȑ ȊȣȔȖȋȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ ȘȈȏȊȍȘȕțȚȖȑ ǶșșȍȕȌȖȊșȒȐȔ Ȋ -
1 ȋȋ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȒȘțȗȕȍȑȠȍȋȖ ȕȈ ǬȈȓȤȕȍȔ ǪȖșȚȖȒȍ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ
©DzțȕșȚ Ȑ ǨȓȤȉȍȘșª DzȈȒ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȓ ȈȔȍȘȐȒȈȕșȒȐȑ ȌȐȗȓȖȔȈȚ Ȑ ȐșȚȖ-
ȘȐȒ Ǭ DzȍȕȕȈȕ ©Ȋ ȐșȚȖȘȐȐ ȎțȘȕȈȓȐșȚȐȒȐ ȍȌȊȈ ȓȐ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȕȈȑȚȐ ȌȘț-
ȋȖȑ ȗȘȐȔȍȘ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȖȎȍșȚȖȟȍȕȕȖȑ Ȑ ȌȖȓȋȖȑ ȓȐȟȕȖȑ ȊȍȕȌȍȚȚȣª 1.
ǺȖȘȋȖȊȣȑ ȌȖȔ «DzțȕșȚ Ȑ ǨȓȤȉȍȘșª ȉȣȓ ȖșȕȖȊȈȕ ȊȣȝȖȌȞȈȔȐ Ȑȏ
ǫȈȔȉțȘȋȈ ǫ DzțȕșȚȖȔ 36-
 Ȑ ǫ ǨȓȤȉȍȘșȖȔ -1911) ȗȍȘ-
Ȋȣȑ ȔȈȋȈȏȐȕ ȒȖȔȗȈȕȐȐ ȉȣȓ ȖȚȒȘȣȚ Ȋ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȔ ȌȍȘȍȊȧȕȕȖȔ ȏȌȈ-
ȕȐȐ ȊȖ ǪȓȈȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒȍ Ȋ  ȋ Dz 1910-Ȕ ȋȋ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȣȑ ȌȖȔ ©DzțȕșȚ
Ȑ ǨȓȤȉȍȘșª șȚȈȓ ȊȍȌțȡȐȔ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȖ-ȗȘȖȔȣȠȓȍȕȕȣȔ ȗȘȍȌȗȘȐȧ-
ȚȐȍȔ ǬȈȓȤȕȍȋȖ ǪȖșȚȖȒȈ ȘȈșȗȖȓȈȋȈȧ ȌȍșȧȚȒȈȔȐ ȖȚȌȍȓȍȕȐȑ Ȋ ǸȖș-
șȐȐ ǭȊȘȖȗȍ Ȑ ǨȏȐȐ Ȑ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȧșȤ ȗȖȔȐȔȖ ȖȗȚȖȊȖȑ Ȑ ȘȖȏȕȐȟȕȖȑ ȚȖȘ-
ȋȖȊȓȐ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȕȣȔȐ șȖȖȉȡȍȕȐȧȔȐ ȉȈȕȒȖȊșȒȐȔ ȌȍȓȖȔ șȚȘȈȝȖȊȣȔ
ȈȋȍȕȚȐȘȖȊȈȕȐȍȔ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌșȚȊȖȔ ȒȘȈșȖȒ Ȑ ȗȈȗȐȘȖș Ȑ Ț Ȍ ȜȓȈȋ-
ȔȈȕșȒȐȑ ȔȈȋȈȏȐȕ ȒȖȔȗȈȕȐȐ ȊȖ ǪȓȈȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒȍ ȔȖȋ ȗȖșȗȖȘȐȚȤ ș ȓțȟ-
ȠȐȔȐ țȕȐȊȍȘșȈȓȤȕȣȔȐ ȔȈȋȈȏȐȕȈȔȐ ȔȐȘȈ
ǷȍȘȊȈȧ ǴȐȘȖȊȈȧ ȊȖȑȕȈ ȘȈȏȘȈȏȐȊȠȈȧșȧ ȓȍȚȖȔ  ȋ ȗȘȍȌȖșȚȈ-
ȊȐȓȈ ©ȐșȚȐȕȕȖ ȘțșșȒȐȔª ȒȖȕȒțȘȍȕȚȈȔ ©DzțȕșȚ Ȑ ǨȓȤȉȍȘșª ȗȘȍȒȘȈș-
ȕțȦ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȤ ȘȈșȗȘȈȊȐȚȤșȧ ș ȒȖȔȗȈȕȐȍȑ ©ǵȈȟȈȓȖ ȊȖȑȕȣ —
ȗȐȠȍȚ DzȍȕȕȈȕ — ȖȏȕȈȔȍȕȖȊȈȓȖșȤ ȈȒȚȐȊȕȣȔȐ ȗȖȗȣȚȒȈȔȐ Șțș-
șȒȐȝ ȌȍȓȖȊȣȝ ȒȘțȋȖȊ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȐșȒȖȘȍȕȐȚȤ ȘȍȈȓȤȕȖȍ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȖȍ
ȒȖȔȔȍȘȟȍșȒȖȍ ȊȓȐȧȕȐȍ Ȋ ǸȖșșȐȐ ȕȖ Ȑ ȗțȚȍȔ ȘȈȏȌțȊȈȕȐȧ Ȑ ȥȒșȗȓțȈ-
ȚȈȞȐȐ ȊȖȍȕȕȖȑ ȐșȚȍȘȐȐ ȌȐșȒȘȍȌȐȚȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ Ȑ țȕȐȟȚȖȎȐȚȤ Țȍȝ ȘȖș-
șșȐȑșȒȐȝ ȒȖȕȒțȘȍȕȚȖȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȉȣȓȐ țȧȏȊȐȔȣ Ȓ ȈȚȈȒȈȔ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈ-
Șȧ șȊȖȐȔ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȔ ȐȔȍȕȈȔ ȐȓȐ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȖȔț ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȎȌȍȕȐȦ
1 Kennan, George F. The Sisson Documents // The Journal of Modern His-
tory. 1956. Vol. 28, No. 2 (Junɟ
 ɋ 

9
șȊȖȐȝ ȗȘȍȌȗȘȐȧȚȐȑª 2.
ǹȐȋȕȈȓȖȔ Ȓ ȕȈȟȈȓț ȒȈȔȗȈȕȐȐ ȚȘȈȊȓȐ ©DzțȕșȚ Ȑ ǨȓȤȉȍȘșª ȗȖșȓț-
ȎȐȓȈ șȚȈȚȤȧ ©ǵȈ ǬȈȓȤȕȍȔ ǪȖșȚȖȒȍª ȕȍȒȖȍȋȖ ǬȈȓȐȕșȒȖȋȖ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ,
ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȗșȍȊȌȖȕȐȔȖȊ ǶșșȍȕȌȖȊșȒȖȋȖ
 ȖȗțȉȓȐȒȖȊȈȕȕȈȧ țȎȍ Ȋ ȗȍȘ-
Ȋȣȍ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȍ ȕȍȌȍȓȐ Ȋ ȗȍȚȘȖȋȘȈȌșȒȖȑ ȋȈȏȍȚȍ ©ǹȊȍȚª Ȑ ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ
ȗȍȘȍȗȍȟȈȚȈȕȕȈȧ ȟȍȘȕȖșȖȚȍȕȕȣȔ ȌȈȓȤȕȍȊȖșȚȖȟȕȣȔ ©ǸțșșȒȐȔ ǪȖș-
ȚȖȒȖȔª ǺȐȘȈȎ ȕȖȔȍȘȈ ©ǸțșșȒȖȋȖ ǪȖșȚȖȒȈª ȖȚ  ȈȊȋțșȚȈ  ȋ
ȉȣȓ ȊȣȒțȗȓȍȕ șȖȚȘțȌȕȐȒȈȔȐ ©DzțȕșȚ Ȑ ǨȓȤȉȍȘșª ȖȌȕȈȒȖ șȚȈȚȤȧ ș
ȘȈȏȘȍȠȍȕȐȧ ȊȖȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȋțȉȍȘȕȈȚȖȘȈ ǷȘȐȔȖȘȤȧ ȉȣȓȈ ȊȣȗțȡȍȕȈ ȖȚ-
ȌȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȉȘȖȠȦȘȖȑ3.
©ǪȖȦȧ ș ȊȕȍȠȕȐȔ ȊȘȈȋȖȔ — ȗȐșȈȓ ǬȈȓȐȕșȒȐȑ — ȕțȎȕȖ ȖȉȘȈ-
ȚȐȚȤ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȕȈ ȊȘȈȋȖȊ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȐȝ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȝ ȗȖȌȌȈȕȕȣȝ-ȕȍȔ-
ȞȍȊ Ȋ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȖȔ ȒȖȓȐȟȍșȚȊȍ ȎȐȊțȡȐȝ ț ȕȈș Ȋ ǸȖșșȐȐ Ȑ șțȋțȉȖ
ȘȈșȚȈșȒȐȊȈȦȡȐȝ ȕȈȠȍ ȌȖȉȘȖ Ǫșȧ ȒȘțȗȕȈȧ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȓȧ Ȋșȧ ȗȘȖ-
ȔȣȠȓȍȕȕȖșȚȤ șȚȘȈȕȣ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ ȕȍȔȞȍȊ ǵȍȔȞȣ ȊșȦȌț Ȑ ȊȍȏȌȍ Ȋ ȗȖ-
ȟȍȚȍ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȐȔȐ ȏȈȐșȒȐȊȈȦȚ Ȑȝ ȉȖȧȚșȧ Ȋșȍª
dzȦȉȖȗȣȚȕȖ ȟȚȖ țȎȍ ȥȚȈ șȚȈȚȤȧ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȖȚȒȘȖȊȍȕȕȖ țȒȈȏȣ-
ȊȈȓȈ ȕȈ ȊȌȖȝȕȖȊȐȚȍȓȍȑ ȒȓȍȊȍȚȕȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȒȈȔȗȈȕȐȐ ǬȈȓȐȕșȒȐȑ ȗȣȓ-
ȒȖ țȊȍȘȧȓ ȟȚȖ ȔȍșȚȕȣȍ ȊȓȈșȚȐ ȧȒȖȉȣ ȗȖȒȘȖȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖȊȈȓȐ ȕȍȔ-
ȞȈȔ Ȋ țȡȍȘȉ ȖșȕȖȊȕȖȔț ȌȈȓȤȕȍȊȖșȚȖȟȕȖȔț ȒȖȕȒțȘȍȕȚț ©DzțȕșȚ Ȑ
ǨȓȤȉȍȘșª — ȒȖȔȗȈȕȐȐ ©ǰ ȇ ǿțȘȐȕ Ȑ DzȖª ș ȋȖȓȖȊȕȖȑ ȒȖȕȚȖȘȖȑ Ȋ
ǴȖșȒȊȍ
Dz ȚȘȈȊȓȍ ȊșȒȖȘȍ ȗȖȌȒȓȦȟȐȓȖșȤ șțȊȖȘȐȕșȒȖȍ ǪȍȟȍȘȕȍȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ
șțȊȖȘȐȕșȒȐȍ ȐȏȌȈȕȐȧ Ȑ ȌȖ ȊȖȑȕȣ ȒȈȒ țȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚ DzȍȕȕȈȕ ȊȣșȚț-
ȗȈȓȐ ș ȕȈȗȈȌȒȈȔȐ ȕȈ ©DzțȕșȚ Ȑ ǨȓȤȉȍȘșª
 ǶșșșȍȕȌȖȊșȒȐȑ șȒȘȣ-
ȊȈȊȠȐȑșȧ ȗȖȌ ȗșȍȊȌȖȕȐȔȖȔ ©Ǩ ǴȏțȘȈª Ȋ - ȋȋ ȖȗțȉȓȐ-
ȒȖȊȈȓ Ȋ ȋȈȏȍȚȍ ȌȍșȧȚȒȐ șȚȈȚȍȑ ȒțȓȤȚȐȊȐȘțȧ ȖȉȘȈȏ ©ȌȈȓȤȕȍȊȖșȚȖȟ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȗȈțȒȈª Ȑ ȖȉȊȐȕȧȧ ©DzțȕșȚ Ȑ ǨȓȤȉȍȘșª Ȋ ȠȗȐȖȕȈȎȍ ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎ-
Ȓȍ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȖȑ ȊȖȍȕȕȖȑ ȔȈȠȐȕȣ ȥȒșȗȓțȈȚȈȞȐȐ Ȑ țȋȕȍȚȍȕȐȐ Șțș-
șȒȖȋȖ ȕȈȘȖȌȈ Ȑ Ț ȗ
ǹȓȍȌțȍȚ țȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȈȕȚȐȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȐȍ ȕȈșȚȘȖȍȕȐȧ ǶșșȍȕȌȖȊ-
șȒȖȋȖ șȖȔȕȍȕȐȦ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȓȍȎȈȚ Ǫ ȋȖȌȣ ǷȍȘȊȖȑ ȔȐȘȖȊȖȑ ȊȖȑȕȣ Ȗȕ
șȐșȚȍȔȈȚȐȟȍșȒȐ ȊȣșȚțȗȈȓ Ȑ ș ȌȘțȋȐȔȐ ȋȍȘȔȈȕȖȜȖȉșȒȐȔȐ șȚȈȚȤȧ-
ȔȐ Ȋ  ȋ ȖȗțȉȓȐȒȖȊȈȓ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȒȕȐȋț ǪȍȓȐȒȖȍ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȍ
ǴȈȚȍȘȐȈȓȣ Ȍȓȧ ȖȉȊȐȕȍȕȐȧ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȐ Ȑ ǨȊșȚȘȐȐ Ȑȝ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖ-
2 Kennan, ɬɚɦ ɠɟ ɫ 146.
3 Ⱥɝɚɩɨɜ ȼ Ʌ ȼɨɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɩɚɝɚɧɞɚ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɡ ɜɪɚɝɚ ɜɨ ȼɥɚɞɢɜɨɫɬɨɤɫɤɨɣ
ɩɪɟɫɫɟ  ɝ  Ⱦɚɥɶɧɢɣ ȼɨɫɬɨɤ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɢ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɣ Ⱥɡɢɢ ɧɚ-
ɤɚɧɭɧɟ ɢ ɜ ɝɨɞɵ ɉɟɪɜɨɣ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɣ ɜɨɣɧɵ ɋɛɨɪɧɢɤ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɬɟɣ ȼɥɚ-
ɞɢɜɨɫɬɨɤ  ɋ -259.

10
ȘȖȊ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ Ȑ ȕȈȘȖȌȈ ȒțȓȤȚțȘȕȣȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȚȊȖȔ Ȋ ȕȈ-
ȘțȠȍȕȐȐ ȔȍȎȌțȕȈȘȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȈȊȈ Ȑ ȏȈȒȖȕȖȊ Ȑ ȖȉȣȟȈȍȊ ȊȖȑȕȣ
ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȕȍ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȦȦ ȘȖȓȤ șȣȋȘȈȓȈ ȊȐȌȐȔȖ Ȑ ȒȖȘȣșȚȤ ȈȕȚȐ-
ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒțȦ ȗțȉȓȐȞȐșȚȐȒț ȖȝȖȚȕȖ ȗȍȟȈȚȈȓȖ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ǪȍȟȍȘȕȍȍ ȊȘȍ-
Ȕȧ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȋȈȏȍȚȣ Ȉ ȒȖȔȗȈȕȐȧ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ©DzțȕșȚ Ȑ ǨȓȤȉȍȘșª ȒȈȒ
ȊȣȧșȕȐȓȖșȤ ȊȗȖșȓȍȌșȚȊȐȐ ȉȣȓȈ ȐȕșȗȐȘȐȘȖȊȈȕȈ Ȑ ȡȍȌȘȖ ȖȗȓȈ-
ȟȍȕȈ ©ǰ ȇ ǿțȘȐȕ Ȑ DzȖ.ª Ȑ ȓȐȟȕȖ ȋȓȈȊȖȑ ȜȐȘȔȣ Ǩ DzȈșȤȧȕȖȊȣȔ 4.
Ǫ ȈȚȔȖșȜȍȘȍ ȠȗȐȖȕȖȔȈȕȐȐ Ȑ ȕȍȕȈȊȐșȚȐ Ȓ ȕȍȔȞȈȔ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȘȖȌȈ
©ȗȈȚȘȐȖȚȐȟȍșȒȈȧ» ȗȘȖȗȈȋȈȕȌȈ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȚȐȓȈșȤ Ȍȓȧ ǶșșȍȕȌȖȊșȒȖȋȖ Ȑ
ȔȕȖȋȐȝ ȌȘțȋȐȝ Ȋ ȊȣȋȖȌȕțȦ șȚȈȚȤȦ ȌȖȝȖȌȈ ȗȘȐȟȍȔ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȤ
ȗȖȓțȟȈȓ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȚ DzȈșȤȧȕȖȊȈ Ȑ ȘȍȌȈȒȞȐȐ ǪȍȟȍȘȕȍȋȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ.
ǷȖȏȌȕȍȍ Ȋ ȗȐșȤȔȍ Ȋ ȔȐȕȐșȚȍȘșȚȊȖ ȜȐȕȈȕșȖȊ ȒȖȓȟȈȒȖȊșȒȖȋȖ ȗȘȈ-
ȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ ǶșșȍȕȌȖȊșȒȐȑ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȊȈȓșȧ ȟȚȖ Ȋ șȊȖȍȑ ©ȉȖȘȤȉȍ ș ȋȍȘ-
ȔȈȕȞȈȔȐ ȊȖ Ȋșȍȝ ȖȚȘȈșȓȧȝ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȎȐȏȕȐª ȐșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȓ ȌȍȕȍȎȕȣȍ
șȘȍȌșȚȊȈ ȗȘȍȌȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȒȘțȗȕȍȑȠȐȔ ȉȈȕȒȐȘȖȔ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌȗȘȐȕȐ-
ȔȈȚȍȓȍȔ ǵ ǪȚȖȘȖȊȣȔ ȗȘȍȌșȍȌȈȚȍȓȍȔ ǾȍȕȚȘȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȊȖȍȕȕȖ-ȗȘȖ-
ȔȣȠȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȔȐȚȍȚȈ Ǩ ǫțȟȒȖȊȣȔ Ȑ ©ȗȖȓȤșȒȐȔȐ ȌȍȧȚȍȓȧȔȐª 5.
Ǫ ȗȍȘȊȖȑ ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕȍ  ȋ ǶșșȍȕȌȖȊșȒȐȑ ȗȖȌ ȗșȍȊȌȖȕȐȔȖȔ
ǴȈȘȒ ǿȍȘȚȊȈȕ
 ȊȣȗțșȚȐȓ ȗȖȊȍșȚȤ ǴȐȘȕȣȍ ȏȈȊȖȍȊȈȚȍȓȐ. ǷȖ ȌȈȕ-
ȕȣȔ dz ǬȍȍȋȈ ȈȊȚȖȘȈ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖȑ ȐșȚȖȘȐȐ ȌȈȓȤȕȍȊȖșȚȖȟȕȖȑ Ȍȍȧ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ©DzțȕșȚ Ȑ ǨȓȤȉȍȘșª ȒȕȐȋȈ ȊȣȠȓȈ ȚȐȘȈȎȖȔ Ȋ , ȥȒȏ.
ȞȍȕȖȑ Ȋ  Șțȉ Ȉ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȉȣȓ Ȋȣȗțȡȍȕ Ȑ ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȚȐȘȈȎ Ȍȓȧ ȈȘ-
ȔȐȐ ȗȖ  ȒȖȗ ȏȈ ȥȒȏȍȔȗȓȧȘ6. DzȖȔȗȈȕȐȧ ©DzțȕșȚ Ȑ ǨȓȤȉȍȘșª ȉȣȓȈ
ȗȘȖȏȘȈȟȕȖ ©ȏȈȠȐȜȘȖȊȈȕȈª Ȋ ȒȕȐȋȍ ȒȈȒ ©ǨȘȚȐȋ Ȑ Ǫȍȑșª Ȉ ȍȍ ȘțȒȖ-
ȊȖȌȐȚȍȓȐ Ǩ ǬȈȚȚȈȕ Ȑ Ǩ ǨȓȤȉȍȘș șȖȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȊȣȊȍȌȍȕȣ ȗȖȌ
ȐȔȍȕȈȔȐ ©ǪȖȚȈȕª Ȑ ©ǨȓȤȜȘȍȌ Ǫȍȑșª.
ǶșșȍȕȌȖȊșȒȐȑ-ǿȍȘȚȊȈȕ ȖȚȕȍșȧ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍ Ȓ ȥȗȖȝȍ ȘțșșȒȖ-ȧȗȖȕ-
șȒȖȑ ȊȖȑȕȣ ȘȐșȖȊȈȓ ȠȐȘȖȟȈȑȠțȦ șȍȚȤ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȖȋȖ ȠȗȐȖȕȈȎȈ
ȖȝȊȈȚȐȊȠțȦ ǸȖșșȐȦ DzȖȔȗȈȕȐȧ ©ǨȘȚȐȋ Ȑ Ǫȍȑșª Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȍȍ șȖȚȘțȌ-
ȕȐȒȐ ȕȈȗȘȧȔțȦ ȗȖȌȟȐȕȧȦȚșȧ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȐȔ ȊȖȍȕȕȖȔț Ȑ ȊȖȍȕȕȖ-
4 Ʉɚɤ ɡɚɦɟɱɚɟɬ Ʉɟɧɧɚɧ ©ɟɫɬɶ ɜɫɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɚɝɚɬɶ ɱɬɨ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ Ɉɫ-
ɫɟɧɞɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɥɢɱɧɨ ɧɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɝɚɡɟɬɚ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɩɨɞɨɡɪɟɜɚɜɲɚɹɫɹ ɜ ɜɨɩɢɸ-
ɳɟɣ ɩɪɨɞɚɠɧɨɫɬɢ
 ɩɨɥɭɱɚɥɢ ɜɨɡɧɚɝɪɚɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɡɚ ɷɬɢ ɭɫɥɭɝɢª ɬɚɦ ɠɟ ɫ
146).
5 Kennan, ibid., c. 147; Cɬɚɪɰɟɜ ȼ ɂ ɇɟɦɟɰɤɢɟ ɞɟɧɶɝɢ ɢ ɪɭɫɫɤɚɹ ɪɟɜɨ-
ɥɸɰɢɹ ɇɟɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɣ ɪɨɦɚɧ Ɏɟɪɞɢɧɚɧɞɚ Ɉɫɫɟɧɞɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɋɉɛ 
ɋ 
6 Deeg Lothar. Kunst und Albers Vladivostok: The History of a German Tra-
ding Company in the Russian Far East (1864-1924). Vladivostok, 2012. ɋ. 307.

11
ȔȖȘșȒȖȔț ȊȍȌȖȔșȚȊț Ȑ șȕȈȉȎȈȦȚ ǩȍȘȓȐȕ Ȑ ȇȗȖȕȐȦ ȘȈȏȊȍȌȣȊȈ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȐȕȜȖȘȔȈȞȐȍȑ ȓȖȊȒȐȑ ȘȈȏȊȍȌȟȐȒ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ DzȈȘȓ ǪȖȓȤȜ
șȖȉȓȈȏȕȧȍȚ Ȑ ȠȈȕȚȈȎȐȘțȍȚ ȉȍșȗȖȔȖȡȕȣȝ ȘțșșȒȐȝ ȒȘȈșȈȊȐȞ Ȑ ȗȖ
ȏȈȌȈȕȐȦ ȧȗȖȕȞȍȊ șȚȘȖȐȚ ȘȈȌȐȖȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜȕȣȍ șȚȈȕȞȐȐ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ
ȐșȒțșșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȞȍȔȍȕȚȕȣȑ ȘȐȜ ȗȘȐȏȊȈȕȕȣȑ ȗȖȔȍȠȈȚȤ ȌȊȐȎȍ-
ȕȐȦ ȘțșșȒȐȝ ȥșȒȈȌȘ Ǫ ȗȖȊȍșȚȐ ȕȈȏȊȈȕȣ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȍ șȚȖȓȤ Ȏȍ ȗȘȖ-
ȏȘȈȟȕȖ ȏȈȠȐȜȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȍ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȐȍ ȠȗȐȖȕșȒȐȍ ȋȕȍȏȌȈ ©ǨȘȚțȘ
ǸȖȌȗȍȓȤª ©ǽȐȓȤȔȈȕșª ©ǬȈȕȋȍȓȐȌȍȘª ©ǪȐȚȔȈȕ-ǩȈțȥȘȕȈȔȍȘª
©ǬȐȔȔȍȕșª Ț ȍ ȒȖȔȗȈȕȐȐ Ȑ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȣȍ ȌȖȔȈ ©ǨȘȚțȘ DzȖȗȗȍȓȤª
©ȅ ǺȐȓȤȔȈȕș Ȑ DzȖ.ª ©ǰ dzȈȕȋȍȓȐȚȤȍ Ȑ DzȖ.ª ©ǫȍȑȚȔȈȕ-ǨțȘȕ-
ȋȈȔȔȍȘª ©ǹȐȔȍȕșª
 Ȑ Ț Ȍ Ǫșȍ ȖȕȐ șȓțȎȈȚ ©ȖșȊȍȌȖȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔȐ
ȉȦȘȖª ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȖȑ ȘȈȏȊȍȌȒȐ ȟȤȧ ȈȋȍȕȚțȘȕȈȧ șȍȚȤ ȗȘȖșȚȐȘȈȍȚșȧ
ȖȚ ȗȖȓȤșȒȐȝ ȋȘȈȕȐȞ ȌȖ ȉȍȘȍȋȖȊ ǺȐȝȖȋȖ ȖȒȍȈȕȈ ©ȕȍȔȞȣ-ȒȖȓȖȕȐ-
șȚȣ ȕȈșȍȓȧȦȡȐȍ ȊșȦ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȗȖȋȘȈȕȐȟȕțȦ ȗȖȓȖșț ǾȈȘșȚȊȈ ǷȖȓȤ-
șȒȖȋȖ Ȑ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȌȖ ǩȍșșȈȘȈȉȐȐ Ȑ ȌȖ ǩȈȓȚȐȑșȒȖȋȖ ȔȖȘȧ <…> Ȑȕ-
ȎȍȕȍȘȣ ȜȈȉȘȐȒȈȕȚȣ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȟȐȒȐ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȝ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȝ ȜȐȘȔ
<…> ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȍ ȒȖȓȖȕȐșȚȣ ȗȖșȍȓȐȊȠȐȍșȧ ȗȖ ǪȖȓȋȍ <…> ȕȈ ǻȘȈȓȍ
<…> cȒțȗȡȐȒȐ ȓȍșȈ Ȑ ȋȖȘȕȣȝ ȗȘȍȌȗȘȐȧȚȐȑ Ȉ ȏȈ ǻȘȈȓȖȔ ȖȚ DzțȘ-
ȋȈȕȈ ȌȖ ǶȔșȒȈ <…>ȒȘțȗȕȣȍ șȒțȗȡȐȒȐ șȐȉȐȘșȒȖȋȖ ȔȈșȓȈ».
ǪșȓȍȌ ȏȈ ȚȍȔ ȗȖȧȊȐȓȈșȤ ȋȈȏȍȚȕȈȧ ȏȈȔȍȚȒȈ ȋȌȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȖșȤ
Ȗ ȗȖȌȋȖȚȖȊȒȍ Ȓ șȢȍȔȒȈȔ ȖșȕȖȊȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȕȈ ǴȐȘȕȣȝ ȏȈȊȖȍȊȈȚȍȓȧȝ
ȒȐȕȖȜȐȓȤȔȈ ǹȒȖȘȍȍ ȊșȍȋȖ șȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ Ȗ ȗȖșȚȈȕȖȊȒȍ ȜȐȓȤȔȈ ȉȣȓȐ
ȊȣȔȣȠȓȍȕȣ șȈȔȐȔ ǶșșȍȕȌȖȊșȒȐȔ Ȑ ȧȊȓȧȓȐșȤ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȣȔ ȥȓȍ-
ȔȍȕȚȖȔ ȠȈȕȚȈȎȈ Ǫ șȍȘȍȌȐȕȍ ȐȦȕȧ Ȑ Ȋ ȕȈȟȈȓȍ ȐȦȓȧ ǶșșȍȕȌȖȊșȒȐȑ
ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȓ ȊȖ ǪȓȈȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒ ȌȊȈ ȈȕȖȕȐȔȕȣȝ ȗȐșȤȔȈ ȥȚȐ ȌȖȒțȔȍȕ-
Țȣ șȖȝȘȈȕȐȊȠȐȍșȧ Ȋ ǵȈȞȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȖȔ ȈȘȝȐȊȍ ǹȀǨ ȋȖȊȖȘȧȚ șȈ-
ȔȐ ȏȈ șȍȉȧ ǷȘȐȊȍȌȍȔ șȖȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊțȦȡȐȑ ȖȚȘȣȊȖȒ Ȑȏ ȞȐȚȐȘȖȊȈȊȠȍȑ-
șȧ ȊȣȠȍ ȒȕȐȋȐ ȐșȚȖȘȐȒȈ Ǫ ǹȚȈȘȞȍȊȈ
ʖ˃ˍ˃ˊːˑˈ ˒ˋ˔˟ˏˑ ˄ˈˊ ˇ˃˕˞ δǥεǡ ˑ˕˒˓˃˅ˎˈːːˑˈ ˋˊ ʞˈ˕˓ˑˆ˓˃ˇ˃
ͳ͸ ˋˡːˢ ȋˇ˃˕˃ ˛˕ˈˏ˒ˈˎˢ ʹͻ-ˆˑ ˒ˑ˚˕ˑ˅ˑˆˑ ˑ˕ˇˈˎˈːˋˢȌǡ ˋˏˈˎˑ ˃ˇ-
˓ˈ˔ǣ Ǽʑˎ˃ˇˋ˅ˑ˔˕ˑˍǤ ʡˑ˓ˆˑ˅˞ˌ ˇˑˏ Dzʙ˖ː˔˕ ˋ ʏˎ˟˄ˈ˓˔dzǤ ʒˑ˔˒ˑˇˋː˖
ʏˎ˟˄ˈ˓˔˖Ǥ ʚˋ˚ːˑǽǤ ʔˆˑ ˕ˈˍ˔˕ ˆˎ˃˔ˋˎǣ Ǽʒˑ˔˒ˑˇˋː˖ ʏˎ˟˄ˈ˓˔˖Ǥ ʓˑ˅ˑˉ˖
ˇˑ ʑ˃˛ˈˆˑ ˔˅ˈˇˈːˋˢ ˋ ˒˓ˑ˛˖ ʑ˃˔ ˒ˈ˓ˈˇ˃˕˟ ˇ˓˖ˆˋˏ ːˈˏˈ˙ˍˋˏ ˗ˋ˓ˏ˃ˏ
˅ˑ ʑˎ˃ˇˋ˅ˑ˔˕ˑˍˈǡ ˚˕ˑ ˕˖ˇ˃ ˈˇˈ˕ ˑˇˋː ˋˊ ˓ˈˇ˃ˍ˕ˑ˓ˑ˅ Dzʑˈ˚ˈ˓ːˈˆˑ
˅˓ˈˏˈːˋdz ˋ Dzʜˑ˅ˑˆˑ ˅˓ˈˏˈːˋdzǡ ʏǤ ʛˊ˖paǡ ˔ ˄ˑˎ˟˛ˋˏˋ ˒ˑˎːˑˏˑ˚ˋˢˏˋ
ˑ˕ ˆ˃ˊˈ˕ ˋ ˏˋːˋ˔˕ˈ˓˔˕˅ ˕ˑ˓ˆˑ˅ˎˋ ˋ ˒˓ˑˏ˞˛ˎˈːːˑ˔˕ˋǡ ˃ ˕˃ˍˉˈ ˋ ˅ˑˈː-
ːˑˆˑǤ ʥˈˎ˟ ˒ˑˈˊˇˍˋ — ˒˓ˑ˅ˈ˔˕ˋ ˍ˃ˏ˒˃ːˋˡ ˒˓ˑ˕ˋ˅ ːˈˏˈ˙ˍˋ˘ ˗ˋ˓ˏ ː˃
ʓ˃ˎ˟ːˈˏ ʑˑ˔˕ˑˍˈǡ ˑ˔ˑ˄ˈːːˑ ˒˓ˑ˕ˋ˅ Dzʙ˖ː˔˕ ˋ ʏˎ˟˄ˈ˓˔dzǤ ʛˊ˖˓˃ ˅ˈ˔˟ ˋˡˎ˟
˒˓ˑ˅ˈˇˈ˕ ˅ ʡˑˏ˔ˍˈǡ ˆˇˈ ˄˖ˇˈ˕ ˉˋ˕˟ ˖ ː˃˚˃ˎ˟ːˋˍ˃ ʒˑ˓ːˑˆˑ ˖˒˓˃˅-
ˎˈːˋˢ ʐˑˆˑˎˡ˄˔ˍˑˆˑ ȋ˕˃ˌːˑˆˑ ˔ˑ˅ˈ˕ːˋˍ˃ȌǤ ʛˑˌ ˔ˑ˅ˈ˕ǣ ːˈˏˈˇˎˈːːˑ

12
˒ˑ˔ˎ˃˕˟ ˍ ʛˊ˖˓ˈ ʑ˃˛ˈˆˑ ˇˑ˅ˈ˓ˈːːˑˆˑ ˋ ˊ˃˒ˎ˃˕ˋ˕˟ ʛˊ˖˓ˈ ˊ˃ ˕ˑǡ ˚˕ˑ-
˄˞ ˑː ːˈ ˒ˋ˔˃ˎ ˑ ːˈˏˈ˙ˍˋ˘ ˗ˋ˓ˏ˃˘ ː˃ ʓ˃ˎ˟ːˈˏ ʑˑ˔˕ˑˍˈǽͳͻǤ ʡ˖˕ ˏ˞
˅ˋˇˋˏ ˋ ˉˈˎ˃ːˋˈ ˒˓ˑˋˊ˅ˈ˔˕ˋ ˅˒ˈ˚˃˕ˎˈːˋˈ ˔˅ˑˋˏ ˅ˈ˔ˑˏ ˋ ˔˅ˢˊˢˏˋǡ
ˋ ːˈ˒˓ˋˍ˓˞˕˞ˌ ˛ˍ˖˓ː˞ˌ ˋː˕ˈ˓ˈ˔ǡ ˙ˋːˋˊˏ ˋ ˓˃˔˚ˈ˕Ǥ ʑˈˇ˟ ːˋˍ˕ˑ ːˈ
ˏˈ˛˃ˎ ˄˞ ʛˊ˖˓ˈǡ ˒ˑ˔ˎˈ ˒ˑˎ˖˚ˈːˋˢ ˇˈːˈˆǡ ˕˓˃˅ˋ˕˟ ːˈˏˈ˙ˍˋˈ ˗ˋ˓-
ˏ˞ ˒ˑˇ ˇ˓˖ˆˋˏ ˒˔ˈ˅ˇˑːˋˏˑˏǤ δǥε
ʑ˕ˑ˓ˑˈ ˒ˋ˔˟ˏˑ ˄˞ˎˑ ˑ˕˒˓˃˅ˎˈːˑ ˅ ː˃˚˃ˎˈ ˋˡˎˢ ȋ˔˖ˇˢ ˒ˑ ːˈ-
˚ˈ˕ˍˑˏ˖ ː˃ ˗ˑ˕ˑˍˑ˒ˋˋ ˛˕ˈˏ˒ˈˎˡ ˅˔ˈ ˕ˑˆˑ ˉˈ ʹͻ-ˆˑ ˒ˑ˚˕ˑ˅ˑˆˑ ˑ˕-
ˇˈˎˈːˋˢǡ Ͷ ˋˡˎˢȌǡ ːˑ ˋˏˈˎˑ ˇ˃˕˖ Ǽʞˈ˕˓ˑˆ˓˃ˇ ͳͷ ˋˡːˢ ͳͻͳͷ ˆǤǽǤ
ʡ˃ˍˋˏ ˑ˄˓˃ˊˑˏǡ ˑ˄˃ ˒ˋ˔˟ˏ˃ ˄˞ˎˋ ˔ˑ˔˕˃˅ˎˈː˞ ˑˇːˑ˅˓ˈˏˈːːˑ ˋ
ˎˋ˛˟ ˑ˕˒˓˃˅ˎˈː˞ ˔ ˄ˑˎ˟˛ˋˏ ˋː˕ˈ˓˅˃ˎˑˏǤ ʏˇ˓ˈ˔ ˋ ˒ˋ˔˟ˏˑ ˄˞ˎˋ
ː˃˒ˈ˚˃˕˃ː˞ ː˃ ˕ˑˌ ˉˈ ˒ˋ˛˖˜ˈˌ ˏ˃˛ˋːˍˈǡ ːˑ ˔ ːˈˍˑ˕ˑ˓˞ˏˋ ˓˃ˊ-
ˎˋ˚ˋˢˏˋ ˅ ˑ˄˓˃˜ˈːˋˋǡ ˚˕ˑ˄˞ ˔ˑˊˇ˃˕˟ ˅˒ˈ˚˃˕ˎˈːˋˈ ˕ˑˆˑǡ ˚˕ˑ ˒ˋ˔˟ˏ˃
ː˃˒ˋ˔˃ː˞ ˓˃ˊː˞ˏˋ ˑ˕˒˓˃˅ˋ˕ˈˎˢˏˋǤ ʡ˃ˍǡ ˅ ˑ˕ˎˋ˚ˋˈ ˑ˕ ˒ˈ˓˅ˑˆˑ ˒ˋ-
˔˟ˏ˃ǡ ː˃ˊ˅˃ːˋˈ ˗ˋ˓ˏ˞ ˋ ˗˃ˏˋˎˋˢ ˃ˇ˓ˈ˔˃˕˃ ˔˕ˑˢˎˋ ˅ ˇ˓˖ˆˋ˘ ˒˃ˇˈ-
ˉ˃˘Ǥ ʖˇˈ˔˟ ˆˑ˅ˑ˓ˋˎˑ˔˟ǣ Ǽʡˑ˓ˆˑ˅ˑˏ˖ ˇˑˏ˖ Dzʙ˖ː˔˕ ˋ ʏˎ˟˄ˈ˓˔dzǽ ˋ Ǽʒˑ˔-
˒ˑˇˋː˖ ʏˎ˟˄ˈ˓˔ǽǤ ʔ˔ˎˋ ˒ˈ˓˅ˑˈ ˒ˋ˔˟ˏˑ ː˃˚ˋː˃ˎˑ˔˟ ˔ˑ ˔ˎˑ˅ Ǽʒˑ˔-
˒ˑˇˋː˖ ʏˎ˟˄ˈ˓˔ǽǡ ˕ˑ ˅˕ˑ˓ˑˈǣ Ǽʛˋˎˑ˔˕ˋ˅˞ˌ ˆˑ˔˖ˇ˃˓˟ ˆˑ˔˒ˑˇˋː ʏˎ˟-
˄ˈ˓˔ǽǡ ˚˕ˑ ˕ˑˉˈ ˇˑˎˉːˑ ˄˞ˎˑ ˖˄ˈˇˋ˕˟ ˒ˑˎ˖˚˃˕ˈˎˢǡ ˚˕ˑ ˒ˋ˛ˈ˕ ˈˏ˖
˖ˉˈ ˇ˓˖ˆˑˌ ˚ˈˎˑ˅ˈˍǤ ʡˈˍ˔˕ ˒ˋ˔˟ˏ˃ ˄˞ˎ ˔ˎˈˇ˖ˡ˜ˋˌǣ Ǽʑ ʞˈ˕˓ˑˆ˓˃-
ˇˈ ˅ˈˇˈ˕˔ˢ ˑˉˈ˔˕ˑ˚ˈːː˃ˢ ˍ˃ˏ˒˃ːˋˢ ˒˓ˑ˕ˋ˅ ˅˔ˈ˘ ːˈˏˈ˙ˍˋ˘ ˕ˑ˓ˆˑ-
˅˞˘ ˇˑˏˑ˅ ˅ ʟˑ˔˔ˋˋǡ ːˈˊ˃˅ˋ˔ˋˏˑ ˑ˕ ˕ˑˆˑǡ ˒˓ˋː˃ˇˎˈˉ˃˕ ˎˋ ˑːˋ ˓˖˔-
˔ˍˋˏ ˋˎˋ ˋːˑ˔˕˓˃ːː˞ˏ ˒ˑˇˇ˃ːː˞ˏǤ ʑ ː˃˔˕ˑˢ˜ˈˈ ˅˓ˈˏˢǡ ˍ˃ˍ ʑ˞
˖˔ˏˑ˕˓ˋ˕ˈ ˋˊ ˆ˃ˊˈ˕ːˑˌ ˅˞˓ˈˊˍˋǡ ˔˕˃˅ˋ˕˔ˢ ˍˋːˈˏ˃˕ˑˆ˓˃˗ˋ˚ˈ˔ˍ˃ˢ
˒˟ˈ˔˃ǡ ˅ ˍˑ˕ˑ˓ˑˌ ˅ ˍ˃˚ˈ˔˕˅ˈ ˆˈ˓ˏ˃ː˔ˍˋ˘ ˛˒ˋˑːˑ˅ ˗ˋˆ˖˓ˋ˓˖ˈ˕ˈ ʑ˞ǡ ˆǤ
ʓ˃˕˕˃ː ˋ ːˈˍˑ˕ˑ˓˞ˈ ˋˊ ʑ˃˛ˋ˘ ˔ˎ˖ˉ˃˜ˋ˘ǡ ˍ˃ˍǡ ː˃˒˓ˋˏˈ˓ǡ ˆǤ ʟˈˎ˟Ǥ
ʝˇːˑ˅˓ˈˏˈːːˑ ˅˞˒˖˔ˍ˃ˈ˕˔ˢ ː˃ ˓˞ːˑˍǡ ˋ ˆˎ˃˅ː˞ˏ ˑ˄˓˃ˊˑˏ ː˃ ʓ˃ˎ˟-
ːˈˏ ʑˑ˔˕ˑˍˈǡ ͳͲ ͲͲͲ ˠˍˊˈˏ˒ˎˢ˓ˑ˅ ˍːˋˆˋ Dzʛˋ˓ː˞ˈ ˊ˃˅ˑˈ˅˃˕ˈˎˋdzǡ
ˆˇˈ ʑ˃˛ ˕ˑ˓ˆˑ˅˞ˌ ˇˑˏ ˅˞˔˕˃˅ˎˢˈ˕˔ˢ ˅ ˑ˚ˈː˟ ːˈ˒˓ˋˆˎˢˇːˑˏ ˔˅ˈ˕ˈǢ
˕˃ˍ ˍ˃ˍ ˃˅˕ˑ˓ ˍːˋˆˋ ˚ˈˎˑ˅ˈˍ ˔ ˄ˑˎ˟˛ˋˏˋ ˔˅ˢˊˢˏˋǡ ˕ˑ ˍːˋˆ˃ ˋ
˒˟ˈ˔˃ ː˃ˌˇ˖˕ ˛ˋ˓ˑˍˑˈ ˓˃˔˒˓ˑ˔˕˓˃ːˈːˋˈǤ ʠˑˑ˄˜˃ˢ ʑ˃ˏ ˑ˄ ˠ˕ˑˏǡ ˇˈ-
ˎ˃ˡ ˠ˕ˑ ˇˎˢ ˕ˑˆˑǡ ˚˕ˑ˄˞ ˒˃˓˃ˎˋˊˑ˅˃˕˟ǡ ː˃˔ˍˑˎ˟ˍˑ ˏˑˉːˑǡ ˓ˈˊ˖ˎ˟-
˕˃˕˞ ˕˓˃˅ˎˋ ˒˓ˑ˕ˋ˅ ˕˃ˍˋ˘ ˄ˑˎ˟˛ˋ˘ ˗ˋ˓ˏǡ ˍ˃ˍ ʑ˃˛˃ǡ ʏ˓˕˖˓˃
ʙˑ˒˒ˈˎˢǡ ʠˋˏˈː˔˃ǡ ʒˈˌ˕ˏ˃ː-ʏ˖˓ːˆ˃ˏˏˈ˓˃Ǥ ʚ˃ːˆˈˎˋ˕˟ˈ ˋ ˇ˓Ǥ ʔ˔ˎˋ ʑ˃˔
ˋː˕ˈ˓ˈ˔˖ˡ˕ ˒ˑˇ˓ˑ˄ːˑ˔˕ˋ ˋ ː˖ˉːˑ ˔ˑˇˈˌ˔˕˅ˋˈ ˅ ˠ˕ˑˏ ˇˈˎˈǡ ˑ˄˓˃-
˕ˋ˕ˈ˔˟ ˒ˑ ˕ˈˎˈˆ˓˃˗˖ ˍ ʧ˕ˋˆˎˋ˙˖ǡ ʞˈ˕˓ˑˆ˓˃ˇǡ ʚˋ˕ˈˌː˞ˌ ˒˓Ǥǡ ͸Ͳǡ ˍ˅Ǥ
ͳͺǽǤ δǥε
ʑ ˒ˋ˔˟ˏˑ ˄˞ˎ˃ ˅ˎˑˉˈː˃ ˔ˎˈˇ˖ˡ˜˃ˢ ˆ˃ˊˈ˕ː˃ˢ ˅˞˓ˈˊˍ˃ǣ Ǽʑ ː˃-
˔˕ˑˢ˜ˈˈ ˅˓ˈˏˢ ˆˑ˕ˑ˅ˋ˕˔ˢ ˍ ˒ˑ˔˕˃ːˑ˅ˍˈ ːˑ˅˃ˢ ˄ˑˎ˟˛˃ˢ ˍˋːˈˏ˃˕ˑ-
ˆ˓˃˗ˋ˚ˈ˔ˍ˃ˢ ˒˟ˈ˔˃ Dzʛˋ˓ː˞ˈ ˊ˃˅ˑˈ˅˃˕ˈˎˋdzǤ ʠ˙ˈː˃˓ˋˌ ˔ˑ˔˕˃˅ˎˈː ˒ˑ

13
ˋˊˇ˃ːːˑˌ ˅ ˏ˃ˈ ˒ˑ˅ˈ˔˕ˋ ʛ˃˓ˍ˃ ʦˈ˓˕˅˃ː˃ Dzʛˋ˓ː˞ˈ ˊ˃˅ˑˈ˅˃˕ˈˎˋdzǡ ː˃
ˇːˢ˘ ˅˞˘ˑˇˢ˜ˈˌ ˅˕ˑ˓˞ˏ ˋˊˇ˃ːˋˈˏǤ ʞ˟ˈ˔˃ǡ ˍ˃ˍ ˋ ˔˃ˏ˃ˢ ˒ˑ˅ˈ˔˕˟ǡ ː˃-
˒ˋ˔˃ː˃ ː˃ ˑ˔ːˑ˅˃ːˋˋ ˇˑˍ˖ˏˈː˕ˑ˅ ˋ ˓ˋ˔˖ˈ˕ ˄˞˕ ˋ ˒˓ˋˈˏ˞ ˆˈ˓ˏ˃ː-
˔ˍˋ˘ ˛˒ˋˑːˑ˅ ˋ ˛˒ˋˑː˔ˍ˖ˡ ˇˈˢ˕ˈˎ˟ːˑ˔˕˟ ˍ˓˖˒ː˞˘ ːˈˏˈ˙ˍˋ˘ ˗ˋ˓ˏ
ː˃ ʓ˃ˎ˟ːˈˏ ʑˑ˔˕ˑˍˈǽ 7Ǥ
ǪșȚȘȍȚȐȊȠȐșȤ ș ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȧȔȐ ©DzțȕșȚ Ȑ ǨȓȤȉȍȘșª ȀȚȐȋ-
ȓȐȞ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȓșȧ șȍȒȘȍȚȈȘȍȔ ǶșșȍȕȌȖȊșȒȖȋȖ ȟȤȐ ȗșȍȊȌȖȕȐȔȣ
©ǴȏțȘȈª Ȑ ©ǿȍȘȚȊȈȕª ȚȖȚȟȈș ȘȈșȒȘȣȓ ©Ǫșȧ ȒȖȔȗȈȕȐȧ șȖȋȓȈș-
ȕȖ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ ȉȖȓȚȓȐȊȖȔț ȀȚȐȋȓȐȞț ȉȣȓȈ ȐȕȐȞȐȐȘȖȊȈȕȈ ȔȖș-
ȒȖȊșȒȐȔȐ ȗȘȍȌȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȧȔȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȖȉȍșȗȍȟȐȊȈȓȐ
ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔțȦ ȜȐȕȈȕșȖȊțȦ ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȒț DzȖȕȜȐȌȍȕȚ ǶșșȍȕȌȖȊș-
ȒȖȋȖ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȜȐȘȔȈ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȤ ȒȈȔȗȈȕȐȦ Ȋ ȗȍȟȈ-
ȚȐ ȕȍ ȗȖȏȌȕȍȍ ȟȍȔ ȒȐȕȖȜȐȓȤȔ ȊȣȑȌȍȚ ȕȈ ȥȒȘȈȕȣ ǬȈȓȤȕȍȋȖ ǪȖș-
ȚȖȒȈ Ȋ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȍȑ ȋȘȖȏȐȚ ȗȖȋȘȖȔ ǵȖ ³DzțȕșȚ Ȑ ǨȓȤ-
ȉȍȘș´ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȍȌȖȚȊȘȈȚȐȚȤ Ȑ șȖȌȍȑșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ ȗȘȍȒȘȈȡȍȕȐȦ ȒȈȔ-
ȗȈȕȐȐ ȊȣȗȓȈȚȐȊ  Șțȉȓȍȑ ǶșșȍȕȌȖȊșȒȖȔț Ȑ  ȍȔț
ȀȚȐȋȓȐȞț Ȋ ȒȈȟȍșȚȊȍ ȗȖșȘȍȌȕȐȒȈª8.
ǪȣȧșȕȐȊ ȗȖȌȖȗȓȍȒț ȒȓȍȊȍȚȕȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȒȈȔȗȈȕȐȐ ǺǬ ©DzțȕșȚ
Ȑ ǨȓȤȉȍȘșª ȗȖȌȈȓ Ȋ șțȌ ȕȈ ǶșșȍȕȌȖȊșȒȖȋȖ DzȈșȤȧȕȖȊȈ Ȑ ȘȍȌȈȒ-
ȚȖȘȈ-ȐȏȌȈȚȍȓȧ ǪȍȟȍȘȕȍȋȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ǩ ǹțȊȖȘȐȕȈ 9 ȟȚȖ ȊȣȏȊȈȓȖ șȒȈȕ-
ȌȈȓ Ȋ ȗȘȍșșȍ ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȗȘȖȞȍșș ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȊȣȔȖȋȈȚȍȓȍȑ ȏȈȚȧȋȐȊȈȓ-
șȧ — ȉȓȈȋȖ Țȍ ȘȈșȗȖȓȈȋȈȓȐ ȊȐȌȐȔȖ ȊȓȐȧȚȍȓȤȕȣȔȐ ȗȖȒȘȖȊȐȚȍȓȧ-
ȔȐ Ȉ ȘțȒȖȊȖȌȐȚȍȓȐ ©DzțȕșȚ Ȑ ǨȓȤȉȍȘșª ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȗȘȐȉȣȚȤ Ȋ Ƿȍ-
ȚȘȖȋȘȈȌ, — Ȑ ȌȖ ǼȍȊȘȈȓȤșȒȖȑ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȐ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȕȍ ȕȈȟȈȓșȧ
ǪȣȔȣșȓȣ DzȈșȤȧȕȖȊȈ ǶșșȍȕȌȖȊșȒȖȋȖ Ȑ DzȖ ȗȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȉȓȈȋȖ-
ȌȈȚȕțȦ ȗȖȟȊț ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȠȖȊȐȕȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ©ȊȍȘȝȈȝª ȚȈȒ Ȑ ©ȕȈ Ȕȍș-
7 Cɬɚɪɰɟɜ, ɬɚɦ ɠɟ, ɫ. 35-37, 227 (ɩɪɢɦ.).
8 Deeg, op. cit ɫ  ȼ ɛɟɫɟɞɟ ɫ ɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɢɦ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɤɨɦ ɋ ɏɚɪɩɟ-
ɪɨɦ ɜ  ɝ Ɉɫɫɟɧɞɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɥ ɱɬɨ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ©Ʉɭɧɫɬ ɢ Ⱥɥɶ-
ɛɟɪɫª ɹɤɨɛɵ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɥɨ ɜɵɩɥɚɬɢɬɶ ɟɦɭ  ɪɭɛ ɡɚ ɩɪɟɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ
ɤɚɦɩɚɧɢɢ.
9 ɊȽɂȺ ɮ  ɨɩ  ɞ 0- ɐɢɬ ɩɨ Ʉɨɥɝɚɧɨɜɚ Ⱥ Ⱥ Ɋɟɣɬɛɥɚɬ
Ⱥ ɂ Ɉɫɫɟɧɞɨɜɫɤɢɣ Ⱥɧɬɨɧ Ɇɚɪɬɵɧɨɜɢɱ  Ɋɭɫɫɤɢɟ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɢ -1917:
Ȼɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɶ Ɍ  Ɇ  ɋ  Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɠɟ ɚɜɬɨɪɵ ɫɨ
ɫɫɵɥɤɨɣ ɧɚ ȽȺɊɎ ɮ  ɨɩ  ɞ  ɥ  ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɱɬɨ Ɉɫɫɟɧɞɨɜ-
ɫɤɢɣ ©ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɥ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɫ ɂ Ɏ Ɇɚɧɚɫɟɜɢɱɟɦ-Ɇɚɧɭɣɥɨɜɵɦ)
ɜ ɲɚɧɬɚɠɟ ɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɜɲɢɯ ɜ ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɟ ɧɟɦɟɰɤɢɯ ɢ ɚɜɫɬɪɢɣɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɞɞɚɧ-
ɧɵɯ ɩɭɛɥɢɤɭɹ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɧɢɯ ɟɫɥɢ ɨɧɢ ɧɟ ɨɬɤɭɩɚɥɢɫɶ
 ɜ ³ȼɟɱɟɪɧɟɦ
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ”».

14
ȚȈȝª ǹ ȖșȍȕȐ  ȋ ȕȈȟȈȓșȧ ȗȓȈȕȖȔȍȘȕȣȑ ȘȈȏȋȘȖȔ ©DzțȕșȚ Ȑ
ǨȓȤȉȍȘșª ǽȖȚȧ ȗȘȖȊȍȌȍȕȕȣȍ ȖȉȣșȒȐ ȕȍ ȌȈȓȐ ȘȍȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȌȖȒȈȏȈ-
ȚȍȓȤșȚȊ ȠȗȐȖȕȈȎȈ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȍ Ȑ ȈȊșȚȘȐȑșȒȐȍ ȘȈȉȖȚȕȐȒȐ ȜȐȘȔȣ
ȉȣȓȐ șȖșȓȈȕȣ Ȋ ǹȐȉȐȘȤ Ǩ ǬȈȚȚȈȕ ȌȊȈȎȌȣ ȗȖȉȣȊȈȊȠȐȑ ȗȖȌ
ȈȘȍșȚȖȔ ȉȣȓ ȚȈȒȎȍ șȖșȓȈȕ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊȕȖȍ ȗȘȍȌȗȘȐȧȚȐȍ ȊȖ ǪȓȈȌȐ-
ȊȖșȚȖȒȍ Ȑ ȒȘțȗȕȣȍ ȜȐȓȐȈȓȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕȣ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȍȕ-
ȕȣȍ ȐȕșȗȍȒȚȖȘȣ Ȍȓȧ ȕȈȌȏȖȘȈ ȏȈ ȜȐȕȈȕșȈȔȐ10 Ȑ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ș ȗȘȐ-
ȏȣȊȖȔ Ǩ ǨȓȤȉȍȘșȈ Ȋ ȈȘȔȐȦ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȣȑ ȌȖȔ ȉȣȓ ȜȈȒȚȐȟȍșȒȐ Ȗȉȍȏ-
ȋȓȈȊȓȍȕ
Ǫ ȒȖȕȞȍ  ȋ ©ǿȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȈȧ ȒȖȔȐșșȐȧ ȗȖ ȉȖȘȤȉȍ ș ȕȍȔȍȞ-
ȒȐȔ ȏȈșȐȓȤȍȔª ȗȘȐȠȓȈ Ȓ ȊȣȊȖȌț Ȗ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖșȚȐ ȓȐȒȊȐȌȐȘȖ-
ȊȈȚȤ ©DzțȕșȚ Ȑ ǨȓȤȉȍȘșª ǵȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȗȘȖȚȍșȚȣ ȋȖȘȖȌșȒȖȑ ȌțȔȣ
ǪȓȈȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒȈ Ȑ ȋȖȘȖȌșȒȐȝ ȊȓȈșȚȍȑ ǽȈȉȈȘȖȊșȒȈ Ȑ ǵȐȒȖȓȤșȒȈ-ǻș-
șțȘȐȑșȒȖȋȖ ǹȖȊȍȚ ȔȐȕȐșȚȘȖȊ Ȋ ȕȈȟȈȓȍ ȧȕȊȈȘȧ  ȋ ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȈȓ
ȘȍȠȍȕȐȍ ȒȖȔȐșșȐȐ ȘȈșȗȖȘȧȌȐȊȠȐșȤ ȕȈȏȕȈȟȐȚȤ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȕțȦ ȈȌȔȐ-
ȕȐșȚȘȈȞȐȦ Ȍȓȧ ȓȐȒȊȐȌȈȞȐȐ ȒȖȔȗȈȕȐȐ ȟȍȔț ȗȖȔȍȠȈȓȈ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȧ
ǶșȚȈȍȚșȧ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȚȤ Ȗ șțȌȤȉȍ ȘȍȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȗȘȖȚȖȚȐȗȖȊ ©ǪȖȚȈȕȈª
Ȑ ©ǨȓȤȜȘȍȌȈ ǪȍȑșȈª — ǨȌȖȓȤȜȈ ǬȈȚȚȈȕȈ Ȑ ǨȓȤȜȘȍȌȈ ǨȓȤȉȍȘșȈ
Ǩ ǬȈȚȚȈȕ șȖțȟȘȍȌȐȚȍȓȤ Ȑ ȘȈșȗȖȘȧȌȐȚȍȓȤ ȒȖȔȗȈȕȐȐ ©DzțȕșȚ Ȑ
ǨȓȤȉȍȘșª ȈȒȚȐȊȕȣȑ țȟȈșȚȕȐȒ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ǬȈȓȤȕȍȋȖ ǪȖș-
ȚȖȒȈ ȋȓȈșȕȣȑ ǪȓȈȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒșȒȖȑ ȋȖȘȖȌșȒȖȑ ȌțȔȣ ȗȖȟȍȚȕȣȑ ȔȐ-
ȘȖȊȖȑ șțȌȤȧ ȒȖȕșțȓ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȐ Ȑ ȗȘ ȘȖȌȐȓșȧ Ȋ  ȋ Ȋ ǸțȌȍȘș-
ȌȖȘȜȍ Ȋ ȔȕȖȋȖȌȍȚȕȖȑ șȍȔȤȍ ȍȊȈȕȋȍȓȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȗȈșȚȖȘȈ DzȈȘȤȍȘț ȕȈ-
ȟȈȓ ȒȈȒ ȉțȝȋȈȓȚȍȘ Ȋ ȦȊȍȓȐȘȕȖȔ ȔȈȋȈȏȐȕȍ ȉȘȈȚȈ ǫ ǨȓȤȉȍȘșȈ ȖȌ-
ȕȖȋȖ Ȑȏ ȖșȕȖȊȈȚȍȓȍȑ ©DzțȕșȚ Ȑ ǨȓȤȉȍȘșª ǷȘȐȉȣȓ ȊȖ ǪȓȈȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒ
Ȋ  ȋ Ȋ -ȝ ȋȋ ȗȘȐȕȧȓ ȘțșșȒȖȍ ȗȖȌȌȈȕșȚȊȖ ȕȍȏȈȌȖȓȋȖ ȌȖ ǷȍȘ-
ȊȖȑ ȔȐȘȖȊȖȑ ȊȖȑȕȣ ȉȣȓ ȊȖȏȊȍȌȍȕ Ȋ ȗȖȟȍȚȕȖȍ ȌȊȖȘȧȕșȚȊȖ
ǽȈȘȈȒȚȍȘȐȏțȧ Ǩ ǬȈȚȚȈȕȈ Ǭȍȍȋ ȗȐȠȍȚ ȟȚȖ ȚȖȚ ȉȣȓ ©ȈȔȉȐ-
ȞȐȖȏȕȣȔ șȈȔȖțȊȍȘȍȕȕȣȔ Ȑ ȗȖȌȟȈș ȉȍȏȎȈȓȖșȚȕȣȔ ȌȍȓȤȞȖȔ Ȉ
ȚȈȒȎȍ ȊȓȐȧȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȜȐȋțȘȖȑ ȕȈ ȘțșșȒȖȔ ǬȈȓȤȕȍȔ ǪȖșȚȖȒȍ ǩȍȏț-
șȓȖȊȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ ȕȍ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȘȈȏțȔȕȖ ȊșȚțȗȐȚȤ Ȋ Țȍȝ ȒȘȈȧȝ Ȋ ȒȖȕȜ-
ȓȐȒȚ ș ȕȐȔ ȐȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȒȖȔȗȈȕȐȍȑ ǵȖ țȊȈȎȍȕȐȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȊȕțȠȈȓ
ȕȍȒȖȋȌȈ ǬȈȚȚȈȕ ȕȈ ǬȈȓȤȕȍȔ ǪȖșȚȖȒȍ ȖșȕȖȊȣȊȈȓȖșȤ ȕȍ ȕȈ șȚȘȈȝȍ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȌ ȊșȍȔȖȋțȡȐȔ “șȍȘȣȔ ȒȈȘȌȐȕȈȓȖȔ” ȔȈȜȐȖȏȕȖȋȖ ȚȐȗȈ ȒȈȒȐȔ
Ȗȕ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȒȓȍȊȍȚȕȐȟȍșȒȐȝ șȚȈȚȤȧȝ ȗȍȚȍȘȉțȘȋșȒȖȑ ȗȘȍșșȣ
ǸȍȗțȚȈȞȐȧ ǬȈȚȚȈȕȈ ȏȐȎȌȐȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȚȖȔ ȥȒȖȕȖȔȐȟȍșȒȖȔ Ȑ șȖȞȐȈȓȤ-
ȕȖȔ ȊȒȓȈȌȍ Ȋ ȘȍȋȐȖȕ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ Ȗȕ șțȔȍȓ ȖșțȡȍșȚȊȐȚȤ ȕȈ ȗȘȖȚȧȎȍ-
10 Ⱥɤɬ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɤɨ-ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɵ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɥɟɞɢɹ ©ɉɹɬɢɷɬɚɠɧɵɣ ɫɤɥɚɞª   [ȼɥɚɞɢɜɨɫɬɨɤ
 ɚɩɪɟɥɹ ]. C. 33.

15
ȕȐȐ ȟȍȚȣȘȍȝ ȌȍșȧȚȐȓȍȚȐȑª 11.
ǹ ȕȈȟȈȓȖȔ ȊȖȑȕȣ șȍȔȤȧ ǬȈȚȚȈȕȈ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȘȈșȒȖȓȖȚȈ. ǬȊȈ ȍȋȖ
șȣȕȈ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȐ ȗȘȐȟȍȔ ȖȌȐȕ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȐȑ ȗȖȌȌȈȕ-
ȕȣȑ ȊȣȏȊȈȓșȧ ȌȖȉȘȖȊȖȓȤȞȍȔ ȕȈ ȏȈȗȈȌȕȣȑ ȜȘȖȕȚ Ȉ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȒȈȒ
ȘȖșșȐȑșȒȐȑ ȖȜȐȞȍȘ ȉȣȓ ȈȘȍșȚȖȊȈȕ ȊȗȖșȓȍȌșȚȊȐȐ ȉȣȓ ȖșȊȖȉȖȎ-
Ȏȍȕ ȗȖ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȐ Ȑ ȊȣȍȝȈȓ Ȋ ȀȊȍȑȞȈȘȐȦ
 ǭȡȍ ȌȊȈ șȣȕȈ ȘȖșșȐȑ-
șȒȐȍ ȗȖȌȌȈȕȕȣȍ șȘȈȎȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȘȧȌȈȝ ȘȖșșȐȑșȒȖȑ ȈȘȔȐȐ ǹȣȕ ǬȈȚ-
ȚȈȕȈ ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘ ȗȖȋȐȉ ȕȈ ȜȘȖȕȚȍ Ȋ  ȋ ǨȌȖȓȤȜ ȗȘȖȗȈȓ ȉȍȏ Ȋȍș-
ȚȐ ȕȈ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȖȔ ȜȘȖȕȚȍ
Ǫ ȖȒȚȧȉȘȍ  Ȑ ȧȕȊȈȘȍ  ȋȋ ǬȈȚȚȈȕ ȗȖȉȣȊȈȓ ȗȖȌ ȈȘȍșȚȖȔ
Ȑ Ȋ șȍȘȍȌȐȕȍ ȧȕȊȈȘȧ  ȋ ȉȣȓ ȊȣșȓȈȕ ȗȖȌ ȗȖȓȐȞȍȑșȒȐȑ ȕȈȌȏȖȘ
Ȋ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȦ DzȖȓȗȈȠȍȊȖ ǺȖȔșȒȖȑ ȋțȉȍȘȕȐȐ ǪȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕșȒȖȑ
ȊȖȑȕȣ ȈȘȍșȚȖȊȣȊȈȓșȧ ȒȖȓȟȈȒȖȊșȒȖȑ ȒȖȕȚȘȘȈȏȊȍȌȒȖȑ ȗȖ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȍ-
ȕȐȦ Ȋ ȠȗȐȖȕȈȎȍ Ȋ ȗȖȓȤȏț ȉȖȓȤȠȍȊȐȒȖȊ Ǫ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȖșȍȕȐ  ȋ
ȌȖȉȘȈȓșȧ Ȑȏ ǺȖȔșȒȈ ȊȖ ǪȓȈȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒ ȋȌȍ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓșȧ ș Ǩ ǨȓȤȉȍȘ-
șȖȔ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȊ ȒȖȔȗȈȕȤȖȕț Ȋșȍ ȗȘȈȊȈ ȕȈ ȐȔțȡȍșȚȊȖ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȖȋȖ ȌȖ-
ȔȈ Ȋ ǸȖșșȐȐ ȊȣȍȝȈȓ Ȋ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȦ ǻȔȍȘ Ȋ ǵȈțȔȉțȘȋȍ Ȋ  ȋ
ǨȓȤȜȘȍȌ ǨȓȤȉȍȘș șȣȕ șȖȖșȕȖȊȈȚȍȓȧ ©DzțȕșȚ Ȑ ǨȓȤȉȍȘșª ǫ
ǨȓȤȉȍȘșȈ ȘȖȌȐȓșȧ Ȋ ǫȈȔȉțȘȋȍ Ȋ  ȋ Ȑ ȗȘȖȎȐȓ ȌȖȓȋțȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ
ǷȖȓțȟȐȓ ȦȘȐȌȐȟȍșȒȖȍ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȊȈȕȐȍ ǪșȚțȗȐȓ Ȋ ȗȘȈȊȈ ȒȖȔȗȈȕȤȖ-
ȕȈ ȜȐȘȔȣ Ȋ  ȋ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȍȋȖ ȖȚȍȞ ȉȣȓ șȔȍȘȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȉȖȓȍȕ Ȑ Ȋ ȜȍȊ-
ȘȈȓȍ  ȋ ȗȘȐȉȣȓ ș ȎȍȕȖȑ ȊȖ ǪȓȈȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒ ȖșȍȕȤȦ ȚȖȋȖ Ȏȍ ȋȖȌȈ
ȗȘȐȕȧȓ ȘțșșȒȖȍ ȗȖȌȌȈȕșȚȊȖ Ǫ  ȋ ȉȣȓ ȔȖȉȐȓȐȏȖȊȈȕ Ȑ ȕȈȗȘȈȊ-
ȓȍȕ Ȋ ȘȍȏȍȘȊȕȣȑ ȉȈȚȈȓȤȖȕ ȗȖȏȌȕȍȍ ȉȣȓ ȗȍȘȍȊȍȌȍȕ Ȋ ǷȍȚȘȖȋȘȈȌ
ȋȌȍ șȖșȚȖȧȓ ȗȘȐ ȘȍȔȖȕȚȕȖȑ ȔȈșȚȍȘșȒȖȑ ȉȘȖȕȍȌȐȊȐȏȐȖȕȈ Ǫ  ȋ
ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓ Ȋ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȖȑ ȒȖȔȐșșȐȐ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȊȠȍȑșȧ ȥȊȈȒțȈȞȐȍȑ ȗȓȍȕ-
ȕȣȝ Ȑ ȐȕȚȍȘȕȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȝ ȕȍȔȞȍȊ ǹ ȗȘȍȒȘȈȡȍȕȐȍȔ ȌȍȧȚȍȓȤȕȖș-
ȚȐ ȒȖȔȐșșȐȐ ȊȣȍȝȈȓ ȟȍȘȍȏ ǼȐȕȓȧȕȌȐȦ Ȋ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȦ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȊȖȏ-
ȊȘȈȚȐȓșȧ ȊȖ ǪȓȈȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒ ȋȌȍ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȊȖșșȚȈȕȈȊȓȐȊȈȚȤ ȘȈȏȖȘȍȕȕțȦ
ȒȖȔȗȈȕȐȦ ©DzțȕșȚ Ȑ ǨȓȤȉȍȘșª ȗȖșȚȍȗȍȕȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȕȖșȧ ȖșȕȖȊȕțȦ Ȍȍȧ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ Ȋ DzȐȚȈȑ12 Ǫ  ȋ ȗȖȒȐȕțȓ ǪȓȈȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒ Ȑ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȋ
ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȦ ǹȒȖȕȟȈȓșȧ Ȋ  ȋ
11 Deeg, ɬɚɦ ɠɟ ɫ 
12 ȼ - ɝɝ ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɢɟ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɥɢ ɭ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢ ɫɜɵɲɟ ɞɜɭɯ
ɞɟɫɹɬɤɨɜ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɞɚɜɚɥɢ ɩɪɟɠɧɢɦ ɜɥɚɞɟɥɶɰɚɦ ɚ ɤ
ɤɨɧɰɭ -ɯ ɝɝ ɨɛɥɨɠɢɥɢ ©Ʉɭɧɫɬ ɢ Ⱥɥɶɛɟɪɫª ɧɟɩɨɫɢɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɧɚɥɨɝɚ-
ɦɢ Ⱦɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɮɢɪɦɵ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɢɥɚɫɶ ɚɪɟɫɬɨɦ ɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɜ  ɝ
ɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɢɟ ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ©Ʉɭɧɫɬ ɢ Ⱥɥɶɛɟɪɫª ɩɪɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɢ ɞɨ ȼɬɨɪɨɣ
ɦɢɪɨɜɨɣ ɜɨɣɧɵ

ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ ȒȈșȈȍȚșȧ ǶșșȍȕȌȖȊșȒȖȋȖ ȚȖ Ȗȕ ȊșȒȖȘȍ ȗȍȘȍȠȍȓ ȖȚ ȠȈȕ-
ȚȈȎȈ Ȓ ȗȖȌȓȖȋț Ȑ ȗȖșȓȍ ǼȍȊȘȈȓȤșȒȖȑ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȐ ȗȘȐ țȟȈșȚȐȐ ȒȖȓ-
ȓȍȋȐ ȗȖ ǪȍȟȍȘȕȍȔț ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ǭ ǹȍȔȍȕȖȊȈ șȜȈȉȘȐȒȖȊȈȓ ȘȧȌ ȌȖȒț-
ȔȍȕȚȖȊ ȗȘȐȏȊȈȕȕȣȝ ȌȖȒȈȏȈȚȤ șȊȧȏȐ ȉȖȓȤȠȍȊȐșȚșȒȖȋȖ ȘțȒȖȊȖȌșȚ-
ȊȈ ș ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȐȔ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖȔ. ȅȚȐ ȉțȔȈȋȐ ȗȘȖȌȈȕȕȣȍ ȈȔȍȘȐ-
ȒȈȕșȒȖȔț ȗȖșȓȈȕȕȐȒț ȅ ǹȐșșȖȕț ȗȖȓțȟȐȓȐ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖșȚȤ ȒȈȒ ©ȌȖȒț-
ȔȍȕȚȣ ǹȐșșȖȕȈª
ǸȖȓȤ ǶșșȍȕȌȖȊșȒȖȋȖ Ȋ ȗȖȌȓȖȋȍ ȉȣȓȈ ȘȈȏȖȉȓȈȟȍȕȈ ȍȡȍ Ȋ  ȋ
Ȋ ȏȈȉȣȚȖȑ ȉȘȖȠȦȘȍ ȖȚșȚȈȊȕȖȋȖ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȈ Ȑ ȘȍȌȈȒȚȖȘȈ
ȋȈȏȍȚȣ ǬȈȓȤȕȐȑ ǪȖșȚȖȒ Ǫ ǷȈȕȖȊȈ 13 ǹȓȍȌțȍȚ ȖȚȔȍȚȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ Ȑ Ǩ
ǨȓȤȉȍȘș șȚȘȍȔȐȓșȧ ȘȈȏȖȉȓȈȟȐȚȤ ǶșșȍȕȌȖȊșȒȖȋȖ Ȋ ȒȈȟȍșȚȊȍ ȠȈȕȚȈ-
ȎȐșȚȈ Ȑ ȗȖ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȐ Ȋ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȦ ȒȈȒ țșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓ Ǫ ǩțȘȧ Ȗȉ-
ȘȈȚȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȚȖȔț Ǫ Dz ǨȘșȍȕȤȍȊț șȖșȚȖȧȊȠȍȔț ȚȖȋȌȈ ȌȐ-
ȘȍȒȚȖȘȖȔ ǽȈȉȈȘȖȊșȒȖȋȖ ȒȘȈȍȊȍȌȟȍșȒȖȋȖ Ȕțȏȍȧ Ǫ ȗȐșȤȔȍ Ȓ ǨȓȤ-
ȉȍȘșț ȖȚ  ȋ ǨȘșȍȕȤȍȊ ȗȐșȈȓ
Ǽʑ˃˛ˈ ˎˡ˄ˈˊːˑˈ ˒ˋ˔˟ˏˑ ˔ ˓˃ˊ˓ˈ˛ˈːˋˈˏ ˅ˑ˔˒ˑˎ˟ˊˑ˅˃˕˟˔ˢ ˏ˃-
˕ˈ˓ˋ˃ˎ˃ˏˋ ˑ˄ ʝ˔˔ˈːˇˑ˅˔ˍˑˏǡ ˍˑ˕ˑ˓˞ˌ ˛˃ː˕˃ˉˋ˓ˑ˅˃ˎ ʑ˃˛˖ ˗ˋ˓ˏ˖ ˅
ˆˑ˓Ǥ ʑˎ˃ˇˋ˅ˑ˔˕ˑˍˈ ˅ ͳͻͳͶ-ͳͻͳ͸ ˆǤˆǤ — ˏːˑˡ ˒ˑˎ˖˚ˈːˑǤ δǥε ʑ ː˃-
˔˕ˑˢ˜ˈˈ ˅˓ˈˏˢ ʝ˔˔ˈːˇˑ˅˔ˍˋˌ ː˃˘ˑˇˋ˕˔ˢ ˅ ʒˈ˓ˏ˃ːˋˋ ˋ ˋˊ ˆˈ˓ˏ˃ːˑ-
˗ˑ˄˃ ˒˓ˈ˅˓˃˕ˋˎ˔ˢ ˅ ˆˈ˓ˏ˃ːˑ˗ˋˎ˃Ǥ ʝː ː˃ ˅˔ˈ˘ ˒ˈ˓ˈˍ˓ˈ˔˕ˍ˃˘ ˓˖ˆ˃ˈ˕
˓˖˔˔ˍˋ˘ ˋ ˍ˖˓ˋ˕ ˗ˋˏˋ˃ˏ ˒ˑ ˃ˇ˓ˈ˔˖ ˆˈ˓ˏ˃ː˔ˍˑˆˑ ː˃˓ˑˇ˃Ǥ ʥˈː˃ ˠ˕ˑ-
ˏ˖ ˗ˋˏˋ˃ˏ˖ ˕˃ˍ˃ˢ ˉˈǡ ˍ˃ˍ ˈˆˑ ˛˃ː˕˃ˉ˖ ʑ˃˛ˈˌ ˗ˋ˓ˏ˞ ˅ ˒˓ˑ˛ˎˑˏǤ
δǥε ʒˑ˔˒ˑˇˋː˃ ʝ˔˔ˈːˇˑ˅˔ˍˑˆˑ ː˃ˇˑ ˅˞˅ˈ˔˕ˋ ː˃ ˚ˋ˔˕˖ˡ ˅ˑˇ˖ǽ ͳͶǤ
ǸȈȏȖȉȓȈȟȍȕȐȧ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȎȌȈȚȤ ȍȡȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȚȘȐȌȞȈȚȐ
ȓȍȚ ȓȐȠȤ Ȋ  ȋ ș ȗțȉȓȐȒȈȞȐȍȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ Ǭ DzȍȕȕȈȕȈ ȖȒȖȕȟȈ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȊȣȧșȕȐȓȈșȤ ȘȖȓȤ ǶșșȍȕȌȖȊșȒȖȋȖ Ȋ ȗȖȌȌȍȓȒȍ ©ȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚȖȊ
ǹȐșșȖȕȈª Ȑ ȒȓȍȊȍȚȕȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȒȈȔȗȈȕȐȐ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ©DzțȕșȚ Ȑ ǨȓȤȉȍȘșª
Ǵ ǼȖȔȍȕȒȖ Ǩ ȀȍȘȔȈȕ
13 ɉɚɧɨɜ ȼ ɂ ɂɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɞɥɨɝ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɢɟ ɩɨɞɥɨɠɧɵɟ ɞɨɤɭ-
ɦɟɧɬɵ ȼɥɚɞɢɜɨɫɬɨɤ  ɉɚɧɨɜ ɧɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɚɦɢ
©Ʉɭɧɫɬ ɢ Ⱥɥɶɛɟɪɫª ɢ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢ ɮɢɝɭɪɢɪɨɜɚɥ ɜ ©ɞɨɤɭ-
ɦɟɧɬɚɯ ɋɢɫɫɨɧɚª ɤɚɤ ɧɟɦɟɰɤɢɣ ɚɝɟɧɬ
14 ȽȺɏɄ Ɏ  Ɉɩ  Ⱦ  Ʌ  ɋɦ https://fantlab.ru/blogarticle28410.

17
I
Ǫ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȔȈȧ  ȋȖȌȈ Ȋ ȋȈȊȈȕȤ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȋȖ ȘțșșȒȖȋȖ ȋȖ-
ȘȖȌȈ ȕȈ ǺȐȝȖȖȒȍȈȕșȒȖȔ ȗȖȉȍȘȍȎȤȍ ȊȝȖȌȐȓ ȉȍȓȣȑ ȧȗȖȕșȒȐȑ
ȗȈșșȈȎȐȘșȒȐȑ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌ Ƕȕ ȊȣȠȍȓ Ȑȏ ǪȖșȚȖȟȕȖȋȖ ǩȖșȜȖȘȈ
ȗȖȓȕȣȔ ȝȖȌȖȔ Ȑ ȘȈșșȍȒȈȧ ȊȣșȖȒȐȔ ȕȖșȖȔ ȓȈȏȖȘȍȊȣȍ ȊȖȌȣ
ȏȈȓȐȊȈ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȓșȧ Ȓ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȖȑ ȗȘȐșȚȈȕȐ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ
ǵȈ ȒȖȘȔȍ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȈ șȚȖȧȓ șȚȘȖȑȕȣȑ ȉȍȓȖȒțȘȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȋ
ȒȖșȚȦȔȍ ȚțȘȐșȚȈ Ȑ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ Ȑ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȚȍȔ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚ-
ȕȣȔ ȊȏȖȘȖȔ ȖșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȓ ȉȍȘȍȋȈ ǹȏȈȌȐ ȏȈ ȒȖȘȔȖȑ ȗȈȘȖȝȖ-
ȌȈ ȋȌȍ ȘȈȏȊȍȊȈȓșȧ ȉȍȓȣȑ ȧȗȖȕșȒȐȑ ȜȓȈȋ ș ȒȘȈșȕȣȔ șȖȓȕ-
ȞȍȔ țȎȍ ȚȈȧȓȈ Ȋ ȚțȔȈȕȍ Ȑ Ȋ ȌȣȔȒȍ ȏȖȓȖȚȐșȚȣȝ șȖȓȕȍȟȕȣȝ
ȓțȟȍȑ ȊȣșȖȒȈȧ ȋȘțȌȈ ȒȈȔȍȕȐșȚȖȋȖ ȖșȚȘȖȊȈ ș ȔȈȧȒȖȔ Ȉ ȗȖ
ȖȉȍȐȔ șȚȖȘȖȕȈȔ ȉțȝȚȣ ȊȣșȐȓȐșȤ ȋȖȘȣ ȔȍșȚȈȔȐ ȗȓȖșȒȖ șȘȍ-
ȏȈȕȕȣȍ Ȑ ȚȈȧȡȐȍ ȉȍȘȍȋȖȊȣȍ ȉȈȚȈȘȍȐ ǹȚȖȧȡȐȑ ȕȈ ȒȖȘȔȍ ȟȍ-
ȓȖȊȍȒ ȖșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȓ ȉȍȘȍȋȈ Ȑ ȗȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȈȔ ȕȍȏȈȔȍȚȕȖ Ȋȏȋȓȧ-
ȌȣȊȈȓ Ȋ ȏȈȗȐșȕțȦ ȒȕȐȎȒț Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȕȈ ȘȈȏȕȣȝ șȚȘȈȕȐȞȈȝ
ȉȣȓȐ ȕȈȕȍșȍȕȣ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȒȘțȎȒȐ ș ȘȈșȝȖȌȧȡȐȔȐșȧ ȓțȟȈȔȐ
ȌȓȐȕȕȣȍ ȏȐȋȏȈȋȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȍ ȓȐȕȐȐ Ȑ ȒȊȈȌȘȈȚȣ ȏȈȗȖȓȕȍȕȕȣȍ
ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȔȐ ȒȘȍșȚȐȒȈȔȐ ȐȓȐ ȕȍȗȘȈȊȐȓȤȕȖȑ ȜȖȘȔȣ ȒȘțȎȒȈ-
ȔȐ
— Ǩ Ȋȣ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ țȎȍ ȏȈ ȌȍȓȖȔ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȧ Ȓ ȕȍ-
Ȕț ȒȖȔȈȕȌȐȘ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȈ
ǹȗȘȖȠȍȕȕȣȑ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ Ȗȋȓȧȕțȓșȧ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȣȔ ȊȏȖȘȖȔ
șȔȍȘȐȓ ș ȕȖȋ ȌȖ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒțȦ ȒȖȘȍȕȈșȚțȦ ȜȐȋțȘț ȧȗȖȕ-
ȞȈ Ȑ șțȝȖ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ
— ȇ ȉȣȓ ȓțȟȠȍȋȖ ȔȕȍȕȐȧ Ȗ șȒȘȖȔȕȖșȚȐ ȧȗȖȕșȒȐȝ ȖȜȐ-
ȞȍȘȖȊ ȇ ȗȖȗȘȖșȐȓ ȉȣ ȊȈș ȔȈȑȖȘ DzȈȏȈȋȐ ȏȈȉȣȚȤ ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ ș
ȊȈȔȐ șȓțȎȐȔ ȖȉȡȍȔț Ȍȍȓț, Ȑ ȏȕȈȚȤ ȖȉȖ Ȕȕȍ ȓȐȠȤ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȕȈ
ȊȈȠȍȔ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȍ Ȑȏ ǵȈȋȈșȈȒȐ ȌȖ ȘțșșȒȖȋȖ ȗȖȘȚȈ șȖȊȍȘȠȐȓ
ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌ ȕȖȊȣȑ șȓțȎȈȡȐȑ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ «ǨȘȚȐȋ
Ȑ Ǫȍȑș» DzȈȘȓ ǪȖȓȤȜ
ǹ ȥȚȐȔȐ șȓȖȊȈȔȐ ȕȍ ȊȏȋȓȧȕțȊ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȕȈ șȔțȡȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȧȗȖȕ-
ȞȈ ǪȖȓȤȜ ȍȡȍ ȘȈȏ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȉȍȘȍȋȈ ȗȍȘȍȓȐ-
șȚȈȓ ȊȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȧșȤ Ȋ ȘȐșțȕȒȐ ȊșȦ șȊȖȦ ȏȈȗȐșȕțȦ ȒȕȐȋț Ȉ ȏȈ-
ȚȍȔ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȊȣȘȣȊȈȚȤ Ȑȏ ȕȍȍ șȚȘȈȕȐȞț ȏȈ șȚȘȈȕȐȞȍȑ ǹȗȖ-
ȒȖȑȕȖ Ȑ ȔȍȚȖȌȐȟȕȖ Ȗȕ ȐȏȖȘȊȈȓ ȕȈ ȔȍȓȒȐȍ ȒȓȖȟȒȐ ȥȚȐ ȓȐșȚ-

18
ȒȐ ȉțȔȈȋȐ Ȑ Ȋ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȐȍȔȖȊ ȉȘȖșȐȓ Ȑȝ ȏȈ ȉȖȘȚ
— ǰȈȊȈȘȐ ȒȖȑȊȈ — ȘȈȏȌȈȓșȧ ȖȒȘȐȒ ȠȚțȘȔȈȕȈ șȚȖȧȡȍȋȖ ț
ȕȖșȖȊȖȋȖ ȧȒȖȘȧ
DzȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȔȖȓȟȈ ȔȈȝȕțȓ ȘțȒȖȑ Ȑ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ ș ȋȓțȝȐȔ ȊȖȘ-
ȟȈȕȐȍȔ ȗȖȉȍȎȈȓȈ ȗȖ ȒȓȦȏț ȧȒȖȘȕȈȧ ȞȍȗȤ
ǵȈȟȈȓȐșȤ șȒțȟȕȣȍ ȚȈȔȖȎȍȕȕȣȍ ȖȉȘȧȌȕȖșȚȐ ș ȗȘȍȌȢȧȊ-
ȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȗȈșȗȖȘȚȖȊ ȖșȔȖȚȘȖȔ ȚȘȦȔȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȠȒȈȕȞȍȊȖȋȖ ȎțȘ-
ȕȈȓȖȊ Ȉ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȚȈȔȖȎȍȕȕȐȒȐ ȊȖȠȓȐ Ȋ ȘțȉȒț ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ ȋȌȍ
țȎȍ șȚȖȧȓ ȘȖȔ Ȉ Ȋ șȚȍȒȓȧȕȕȖȑ ȊȈȏȍ ȏȖȓȖȚȐȓșȧ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȑ
ȒȘȦȠȖȕ ș ȒțșȒȈȔȐ șȊȍȎȍȋȖ șȐȕȋȈȗțȘșȒȖȋȖ ȈȕȈȕȈșȈ
ǷȖȒȈ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȓȖ ǪȖȓȤȜ țȗȘțȋȖȑ ȗȖȝȖȌȒȖȑ ȐȏȖ-
ȉȓȐȟȈȦȡȍȑ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ȐȓȐ ȊȖȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȐȓȐ șȗȖȘȚșȔȍȕȈ ȉȣșȚȘȖ
ȠȈȋȈȓ ȗȖ țȓȐȞȍ ȐȌțȡȍȑ ȖȚ ȗȘȐșȚȈȕȐ Ȓ ȊȖȒȏȈȓț Ȑ ȊșȒȖȘȍ șȊȍȘ-
ȕțȓ ȕȈ ȠȐȘȖȒțȦ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȧȡțȦ ȊȌȖȓȤ ȊșȍȋȖ ȏȈȓȐȊȈ Ȑ ȟȍȘȍȏ
ȊȍșȤ ȋȖȘȖȌ ȋȓȈȊȕțȦ țȓȐȞț
ǷȘȐȍȏȎȐȑ ȕȍ ȚȖȘȖȗȐȓșȧ Ƕȕ Ƞȍȓ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȖșȔȈȚ-
ȘȐȊȈȧ ȏȌȈȕȐȧ ȗȘȖȝȖȎȐȝ ȠțȔȕțȦ ȚȖȓȗț ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȝ ȒțȓȐ șȖ
șȔȍȠȕȣȔȐ ȘȖȋțȓȤȒȈȔȐ ȏȈ șȗȐȕȈȔȐ Ȑ Ȋ ȋȘȧȏȕȣȝ ȘȣȎȐȝ ȠȈȗ-
ȒȈȝ ȕȈ ȉȘȐȚȣȝ ȋȖȓȖȊȈȝ ǬȖȋȕȈȊ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ Ȑȏ ȒțȓȐ ǪȖȓȤȜ ș
țȓȣȉȒȖȑ ȗȘȐȒȖșȕțȓșȧ Ȓ ȉȖȓȚȈȦȡȍȑșȧ șȏȈȌȐ ȒȖșȍ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȈ Ȑ
ȒȖȋȌȈ ȚȖȚ ȖșȒȈȓȐȓ șȔȍȧșȤ ȒȘțȗȕȣȍ ȎȍȓȚȣȍ ȏțȉȣ ȕȈ ȟȐșȚȍȑ-
ȠȍȔ ȘțșșȒȖȔ ȧȏȣȒȍ șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȍȋȖ
— ǹȒȈȎȐ ȝȖȌȧ ȋȌȍ ȚțȚ ȔȈȋȈȏȐȕ «ǨȘȚȐȋ Ȑ Ǫȍȑș»?
— ǶȑȧȝȈ — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ ȒȐȚȈȍȞ ȚȈȘȈȡȈ ȕȈ ȗȘȖȝȖȎȍȋȖ
țȌȐȊȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ — DzȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȑ «ǨȘȚȐȋ Ȑ Ǫȍȑș"» ȀȐȉ-
ȒȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȒțȗȍȞ ȀȐȉȒȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȔȈȋȈȏȐȕ ǴȖȧ ȗȖȒȈȎȐ
ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕț"
ǵȍ ȌȖȎȐȌȈȧșȤ ȘȈȏȘȍȠȍȕȐȧ ȒȐȚȈȍȞ ȗȖȉȍȎȈȓ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ȟȍȘȍȏ
ȒȈȎȌȣȍ ȗȧȚȤ ȠȈȋȖȊ ȖȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȧșȤ ȕȈ ȐȌțȡȍȋȖ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ ǪȖȓȤ-
ȜȈ ǪșȒȖȘȍ ȖȕȐ ȗȘȐȠȓȐ Ȓ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȔț ȌȖȔț șȚȖȧȡȍȔț ȕȈ ȓțȟ-
ȠȍȔ ȔȍșȚȍ țȓȐȞȣ Ȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔȐ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȤȕȣȔȐ ȖȒȕȈȔȐ ȊȣȝȖ-
ȌȧȡȍȔț ȕȈ ȏȈȓȐȊ Ȑ ȕȈ ȘȈșȒȐȕțȊȠȐȍșȧ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȖȔ ȉȍȘȍȋț ȍȋȖ
ȓȍșȐșȚȣȍ ȋȖȘȣ ȔȧȋȒȐȔȐ șȒȓȈȌȒȈȔȐ țȝȖȌȧȡȐȍ Ȓ ȏȈȓȐȊț ǷȈȚ-
ȘȖȒȓȈ ǷȘȐȍȏȎȐȑ ȒȐȕțȊ ȒȐȚȈȑȞț șȍȘȍȉȘȧȕțȦ ȔȖȕȍȚț ȘȍȠȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ Ȑ șȔȍȓȣȔ ȠȈȋȖȔ ȊȖȠȍȓ Ȋ ȔȈȋȈȏȐȕ
ǺȖȓȗȈ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȧȓȈ ȖȉȠȐȘȕȖȍ ȗȖȔȍȡȍȕȐȍ țȕȐȊȍȘ-
șȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȜȐȘȔȣ ȏȈȝȊȈȚȐȊȠȍȑ ȊșȦ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȓȦ ǺȐȝȖȖȒȍȈȕșȒȖ-

19
ȋȖ ȗȖȉȍȘȍȎȤȧ ǸȖșșȐȐ Ȋ șȊȖȐ ȘțȒȐ ȅȚȖ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ șȘȈȏț ȏȈ-
ȔȍȚȐȚȤ ȗȖ ȚȖȔț ȖȉȐȓȐȦ Ȑ ȘȈȏȕȖȖȉȘȈȏȐȦ ȚȖȊȈȘȖȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ
ȊȐȌȍȓ ǪȖȓȤȜ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌȧȡȐȑ Ȑȏ ȖȚȌȍȓȍȕȐȧ Ȋ ȖȚ-
ȌȍȓȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȗȘȖȊȖȎȈȍȔȣȑ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚȕȣȔȐ Ȑ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȚȍȔ ȕȍ-
șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȕȣȔȐ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȈȔȐ ȓȖȡȍȕȣȝ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȟȐȒȖȊ Ȑ
ȒȓȍȘȒȖȊ ȚȐȝȖ ȗȍȘȍȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȦȡȐȝșȧ ȔȍȎȌț șȖȉȖȑ ȕȈ ȕȍȔȍȞ-
ȒȖȔ ȧȏȣȒȍ
ǪȖȓȤȜ ȊȐȌȍȓ Ȑȏȧȡȕȣȍ ȊȐȚȘȐȕȣ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȍȕȕȣȍ ȜțȚȓȧ-
ȘȈȔȐ ș ȌȘȈȋȖȞȍȕȕȖșȚȧȔȐ ȌțȝȈȔȐ ȘȍȌȒȐȔ ȝȘțșȚȈȓȍȔ Ȑ șȍȘȍȉ-
ȘȧȕȖȑ ȗȖșțȌȖȑ ȖȉȠȐȘȕȖȍ ȖȚȌȍȓȍȕȐȍ ȋȌȍ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȟȐȒȐ ȖȚȔȍ-
ȘȐȊȈȓȐ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȍ ȚȒȈȕȐ ȊȣȌȍȓȈȕȕȣȍ Ȋ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȐ, ȐȓȐ ȒȐ-
ȚȈȑșȒȐȍ Ȑ ȧȗȖȕșȒȐȍ ȠȍȓȒȈ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȍȘȍȗȖȓȕȍȕȖ ȕȈȘȧȌȕȣȔȐ
ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȍșȚȘȖ Ȑ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȦȡȍ ȖȌȍȚȣȔȐ ȌȈȔȈȔȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ
ȗȍȘȍȒȐȌȣȊȈȓȐșȤ ȠțȚȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȗȖȘȖȑ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȊȣȘȈȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔȐ
ȊȏȋȓȧȌȈȔȐ ș ȒȘȈșȐȊȣȔȐ Ȑ ȘȖșȓȣȔȐ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȟȐȒȈȔȐ șȌȍȘȎȈȕ-
ȕȖ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȦȡȐȔȐ ȐȔ ȕȈ ȥȚȐ ȒȖȒȍȚȓȐȊȣȍ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȣ Ȑ ȏȈȌȖȘ-
ȕȣȍ țȓȣȉȒȐ Ȋ ȒȖȓȖȕȐȈȓȤȕȖȔ ȖȚȌȍȓȍȕȐȐ ȠȐȘȖȒȖȗȓȍȟȐȍ ȏȈ-
ȋȖȘȍȓȣȍ ȒȈȒ ȉȘȖȕȏȈ ȘȣȉȈȒȐ Ȑ ȗȘȖȔȣșȓȖȊȣȍ ȖȝȖȚȕȐȒȐ ȏȈ-
ȒțȗȈȓȐ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ ȒȖȓȐȟȍșȚȊȈ șȖȓȐ ȒȘțȗȣ Ȑ șȈȝȈȘȈ ȏȌȍșȤ Ȏȍ
ȚȖȓșȚȣȑ ș ȉȓȈȋȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȔ ȓȐȞȖȔ ȞȍȘȒȖȊȕȖȋȖ ȘȍȋȍȕȚȈ Ȑ șȖ
șȚȘȈȕȕȖ ȊȣȊȍȘȕțȚȣȔȐ Ȋ ȘȈȏȕȣȍ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ șȚțȗȕȧȔȐ ȕȖȋ Ȕȍ-
șȚȕȣȑ ȘȍșȚȖȘȈȚȖȘ ȀțȕȐȕ ȏȈȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ ȠȖȒȖȓȈȌ ȊȐȕȈ Ȑ Ȟȍ-
ȓȣȍ ȋȖȘȣ ȜȘțȒȚȖȊ ǪȖȓȤȜ ȏȈȠȍȓ Ȋ ȖȚȌȍȓȍȕȐȍ ȏȍȔȓȍȌȍȓȤȟȍ-
șȒȐȝ ȖȘțȌȐȑ Ȋ ȔȈȋȈȏȐȕ ȖȉțȊȐ Ȑ ȋȖȚȖȊȖȋȖ ȗȓȈȚȤȧ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȕȈ-
ȌȊȖȘȕȣȍ ȗȖșȚȘȖȑȒȐ ȋȌȍ șȚȖȧȓȐ ȥȒȐȗȈȎȐ ȓȖȌȒȐ Ȑ ȘȈȏȓȐȟ-
ȕȣȍ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȕȖșȚȐ Ȍȓȧ șȗȖȘȚȈ ȖȉȖȠȍȓ ȖȚȌȍȓȍȕȐȍ ȖȘțȎȐȧ,
ȏȈȋȓȧȕțȓ Ȋ ȉȈȕȒȐȘșȒȖȍ ȖȚȌȍȓȍȕȐȍ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ «ǨȘȚȐȋ Ȑ
Ǫȍȑș» Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȊȖȠȍȓ Ȋ ȟȍȘȚȍȎȕțȦ ȋȌȍ
șȒȓȖȕȐȊȠȐșȤ ȕȈȌ șȚȖȓȈȔȐ Ȑ ȒȖȕȚȖȘȒȈȔȐ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓȐ ȒȓȍȘȒȐ
ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȊșȚȈȓ Ȑ ȗȖȌȖȑȌȧ Ȓ ȊȖȠȍȌȠȍȔț ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȞț
șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȍȋȖ
— ǿȍȔ ȔȖȎȍȔ șȓțȎȐȚȤ"
— ȇ ȗȘȖȠț ȗȘȖȊȍșȚȐ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȓ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕț ǪȖȚȈȕț — ȖȚȊȍ-
ȚȐȓ ǪȖȓȤȜ
ǵȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȐȍȔȕȣȍ ȟȈșȣ ț ȋȓȈȊȣ ȜȐȘȔȣ țȎȍ
ȏȈȒȖȕȟȐȓȐșȤ ȒȓȍȘȒ țșȓȣȠȈȓ ȚȈȒȐȍ ȗȖȊȍȓȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȕȖȚȣ Ȋ
ȋȖȓȖșȍ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȞȈ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȓȟȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȑ ȗȖȌȖȑȌȧ Ȓ Ȍț-
ȉȖȊȖȑ ȌȊȍȘȐ ȊȍȌțȡȍȑ Ȋ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚ ȌȐȘȍȒȚȖȘȈ ȗȖșȚțȟȈȓ

20
ǯȈșȓȣȠȈȊ ȖȉȣȟȕȖȍ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȖȍ ȘȈȏȘȍȠȍȕȐȍ ȊȖȑȚȐ ȒȓȍȘȒ
ȗȖȌȖȉȖșȚȘȈșȚȕȖ șȒȖȓȤȏȕțȓ Ȋ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚ Ȑ ȊȍȘȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȟȍȘȍȏ
ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȞț
— ǫȖșȗȖȌȐȕ ǪȖȚȈȕ șȍȑȟȈș ȊȣȑȌȍȚ
ǷȖ ȓȐȞț ǪȖȓȤȜȈ șȒȖȓȤȏȕțȓȈ ȋȘȐȔȈșȈ ȕȍțȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȧ ȕȖ
Ȗȕ șȘȈȏț țșȗȖȒȖȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȗȘȐȊȍȚȓȐȊȖ țȓȣȉȕțȊȠȐșȤ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ȇ ȗȖȌȖȎȌț
ǫȖșȗȖȌȐȕ ǪȖȚȈȕ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȓ șȍȉȧ ȎȌȈȚȤ dzȐȠȤ
ȔȐȕțȚ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚȈ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȖȚȒȘȣȓȈșȤ
Ȑ Ȋ ȟȍȘȚȍȎȕțȦ ȊȖȠȍȓ ȗȖȎȐȓȖȑ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ țȎȍ ȖȉȘȦȏȋȠȐȑ
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȓȍȕȐȊȣȔ Ȑ șȓȍȋȒȈ șȖȕȕȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ șȗȘȖșȐȊȠȐȑ
— ǹ ȒȍȔ ȐȔȍȦ țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ"
ǵȍ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȧ ȕȈ ȊȖȗȘȖș ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȍȞ ȊȣȗȘȧȔȐȓșȧ ȗȖ-ȊȖȍȕ-
ȕȖȔț Ȑ ȗȖȒȓȖȕȐȊȠȐșȤ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǷȘȖȠț șȊȐȌȈȕȐȧ ȕȈȍȌȐȕȍ
ǫȓȈȏȈ ǪȖȚȈȕȈ ȘȈșȠȐȘȐȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȖȚȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ Ȑȏ ȋȓțȉȐȕȣ ȍȋȖ
ȏȘȈȟȒȖȊ ȔȍȚȕțȓȖșȤ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȖ Ƕȕ ȗȖȉȍȋȈȓ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ ȗȖ
ȊȣșȖȒȖȑ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȖȑ ȍȔț ȜȐȋțȘȍ ȗȖșȍȚȐȚȍȓȧ ȗȖȐșȒȈȓ ȟȍȋȖ-
ȚȖ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ Ȉ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȗȖȎȈȓ ȗȓȍȟȈȔȐ Ȑ țȎȍ ȕȈ ȝȖȌț ȕȍ-
ȉȘȍȎȕȖ ȉȘȖșȐȓ
— ǭșȓȐ ȊȈȔ țȋȖȌȕȖ
II
ǪȖȚȈȕ ȚȧȎȍȓȖ ȖȗțșȚȐȓșȧ Ȋ șȊȖȍ ȒȘȍșȓȖ ȏȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ ȗȐ-
șȤȔȍȕȕȣȔ șȚȖȓȖȔ ȏȈȊȈȓȍȕȕȣȔ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȔȐ ȉțȔȈȋȈȔȐ Ȑ șȟȍ-
ȚȈȔȐ ș ȞȍȓȖȑ ȋȘțȌȖȑ ȒȖȘȘȍșȗȖȕȌȍȕȞȐȐ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȧȡȍȑ ȖȚȖȊșȦ-
Ȍț ǵȈ ȊȐȌȕȖȔ ȔȍșȚȍ ȒȘȈșȖȊȈȓșȧ ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚ ȗȘȐȕȞȈ ǫȍȕȘȐȝȈ
ǷȘțșșȒȖȋȖ Ȋ ȚȧȎȍȓȖȑ ȉȘȖȕȏȖȊȖȑ ȘȈȔȍ Ȑ ș ȓȐȟȕȖȑ ȘȈȏȔȈȠȐ-
șȚȖȑ ȗȖȌȗȐșȤȦ ȗȘȐȕȞȈ ȐȌțȡȍȑ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȊșȦ ȕȐȎȕȦȦ ȟȈșȚȤ ȍȋȖ
ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚȈ
ǻȒȈȏȈȊ ȘțȒȖȑ ȕȈ ȒȘȍșȓȖ șȚȖȧȊȠȍȍ ȕȈȗȘȖȚȐȊ ǪȖȚȈȕ ȊșȒȐ-
ȕțȓ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȕȈ ȗȖșȍȚȐȚȍȓȧ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǰȚȈȒ — ȧ ȊȈș șȓțȠȈȦ
ǹȍȊȠȐȑ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȍȞ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ Ȑ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȣȔ,
ȗȘȐȊȣȟȕȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș:

21
— ǹȖȋȓȈșȕȖ ȗȘȍȌȗȐșȈȕȐȦ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȖȋȖ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȔȐȕȐș-
ȚȍȘșȚȊȈ ȏȈ ȹ  ȖȚ  ǴȈȘȚȈ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȋȖ ȋȖȌȈ ȐȔȍȦ
ȟȍșȚȤ ȧȊȐȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȣȑ ȌȖȔ «ǨȘȚȐȋ Ȑ Ǫȍȑș» Ȋ ȒȈȟȍșȚȊȍ țȗ-
ȘȈȊȓȧȦȡȍȋȖ ȐȕȎȍȕȍȘȕȖ-ȚȍȝȕȐȟȍșȒȐȔ ȖȚȌȍȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȜȐȘȔȣ
ǼȈȔȐȓȐȧ ȔȖȧ — ǪȖȓȤȜ DzȈȘȓ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȜȓȖȚȈ ȍȋȖ ȐȔȗȍȘȈ-
ȚȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȊȍȓȐȟȍșȚȊȈ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘȈ ǪȐȓȤȋȍȓȤȔȈ
ǷȘȐ ȗȍȘȊȣȝ șȓȖȊȈȝ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ șȚȈȘȐȒ ǪȖȚȈȕ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ Ȑ
ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȓțȠȈȓ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȗȖșȍȚȐȚȍȓȤ ȖȒȖȕȟȐȓ ǪȖȚȈȕ ȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȧ ȕȐ șȓȖȊȈ
ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓ ȍȔț ȘțȒț ǪȖȓȤȜ Ȋȣȕțȓ ȉțȔȈȎȕȐȒ Ȑ, ȌȖșȚȈȊ Ȑȏ ȕȍ-
ȋȖ șȓȖȎȍȕȕțȦ ȊȟȍȚȊȍȘȖ ȚȖȓșȚțȦ ȋȖȓțȉȖȊȈȚțȦ ȉțȔȈȋț țȒȘȈ-
ȠȍȕȕțȦ șȊȍȘȝț ȟȍȘȕȣȔ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȐȔ ȖȘȓȖȔ ȗȖȌȈȓ ȍȍ ǪȖȚȈ-
ȕț ǺȖȚ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȘȖȉȍȎȈȓ ȍȍ Ȑ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȕȈ ȗȖșȍ-
ȚȐȚȍȓȧ
— ǰȚȈȒ — ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ Ȗȕ
— ǷȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ șȟȐȚȈȍȚ ȕȍțȌȖȉȕȣȔ ȕȍȗȖșȘȍȌșȚȊȍȕȕȖ
șȕȖșȐȚȤșȧ ș ȊȈȔȐ ȗȖ ȊșȍȔ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșțȦȡȐȔ ȍȋȖ ȊȖȗȘȖșȈȔ Ȋ ȕȈ-
șȚȖȧȡȐȑ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋȣ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ ǪȖȚȈȕ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȓȐ ȉȣȚȤ
ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȐȔ ȈȋȍȕȚȖȔ șȖșȚȖȧȡȐȔ ȕȈ șȓțȎȉȍ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȗȘȈȊȐ-
ȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ Ȑ ȗȘȐȕȧȓȐ ȘțșșȒȖȍ ȗȖȌȌȈȕșȚȊȖ — ȘȈȏȌȍȓȧȧ ȒȈȎȌȖȍ
șȓȖȊȖ ȊȕȧȚȕȖ Ȑ ȚȊȍȘȌȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ
— ǷȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȔȕȖȑ ȌȖȊȖȓȤ-
ȕȣȔ" — ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȒȘȐȊȖ țȓȣȉȕțȊȠȐșȤ ǪȖȚȈȕ — ȇ șȌȍȓȈȓ șȊȖȍ
ȌȍȓȖ Ȑ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȓ Ȋșȍ ȗȘȍȌȗȘȐȧȚȐȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȠȐȘȖȒȖ
ǷȘȐ ȥȚȐȝ șȓȖȊȈȝ ǪȖȚȈȕ ȘȈșșȔȍȧȓșȧ șțȝȐȔ Ȑ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȉȍȏȏȊțȟ-
ȕȣȔ șȔȍȝȖȔ
ǷȖ ȒȘȈșȐȊȖȔț ȓȐȞț ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ șȒȖȓȤȏȕțȓȈ ȊȍșȍȓȈȧ Ȑ ȕȍș-
ȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȓțȒȈȊȈȧ țȓȣȉȒȈ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȗȖȒȓȖȕȐȓșȧ
— ǷȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȊȈȔȐ — șȒȈȏȈȓ
Ȗȕ — ǵȖ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ȉțȌȍȚȍ ȋȖȘȈȏȌȖ șȊȖ-
ȉȖȌȕȍȍ Ȋ șȊȖȍȑ ȌȍȧȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȐ ȊȈș ȉțȌȍȚ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȐȚ ȕȍȗȖșȘȍȌșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ șȊȧȏȐ ȒȈȒ ș ǩȍȘȓȐ-
ȕȖȔ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ș ȚȍȔȐ ȓȐȞȈȔȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȧȚșȧ ș ȕȈȔȐ Ȋ Ȍȍ-
ȓȖȊȣȝ șȕȖȠȍȕȐȧȝ ȇ ȗȘȖȊȍȓ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȌȖȓȋȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȋ ǰȕ-
ȌȐȐ DzȐȚȈȍ Ȉ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȚȘȐ ȕȍȌȍȓȐ ȧ ȎȐȓ Ȋ ȇȗȖȕȐȐ ȋȌȍ ț
Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȚȓȐȟȕȣȍ Ȑ ȌȘțȎȍșȒȐȍ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȧ
DzșȚȈȚȐ — ȌȖȉȈȊȐȓ ȗȖșȓȍ ȔȐȕțȚȕȖȋȖ ȔȖȓȟȈȕȐȧ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ
— ȗȍȘȍȌ ȖȚȢȍȏȌȖȔ ȧ ȐȔȍȓ ȟȍșȚȤ ȖȚȒȓȈȕȐȊȈȚȤșȧ ȍȋȖ ȊȣșȖȟȍ-

22
șȚȊț ȗȘȐȕȞț ǫȍȕȘȐȝț ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȒȈȒ ȊȈȔ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ
ȐȕȚȍȘȍșțȍȚșȧ ǺȐȝȐȔ ȖȒȍȈȕȖȔ Ȑ șȟȐȚȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ ȈȘȍȕȖȑ ȉțȌț-
ȡȍȋȖ ȔȍȎȌțȕȈȘȖȌȕȖȋȖ șȗȖȘȈ ȉțȌțȚ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ȏȌȍȠȕȐȍ ȊȖȌȣ
ǭȋȖ ȊȣșȖȟȍșȚȊț țȋȖȌȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȚȤ Ȕȕȍ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȚȤ ȊȈȔ ȍȋȖ
ȐșȒȘȍȕȕȐȑ ȗȘȐȊȍȚ Ȑ ȗȖȎȍȓȈȕȐȧ ȌȖȓȋȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȕȈ ȗȖȓȤȏț ȕȈ-
Ƞȍȑ ȌȖȘȖȋȖȑ ȘȖȌȐȕȣ
ǪȖȚȈȕ ȊȣȠȍȓ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ șȚȖȓȈ Ȑ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓ Ȗȉȍ ȘțȒȐ ȗȘȐȍȏȎȍ-
Ȕț
— Ǩ ȧ ȌțȔȈȓ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ — ȟȚȖ Ȋ ǩȍȘȓȐȕȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȐ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȔȍȕȣ Ȋ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȍ Ȑ șȚȈȘȖȋȖ ǪȖȚȈȕȈ ȏȈȉȣȓȐ ǺȈȔ ȔȖ-
ȋțȚ ȌțȔȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ǪȖȚȈȕ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȖȔȔȍȘșȈȕȚ ȕȖ Ȗȕ ȗȖȊȍȘȤȚȍ
Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ Ȑ — ȗȖȓȐȚȐȒ Ǫȣ țȉȍȌȐȚȍșȤ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ șȈȔȐ ǯȌȍșȤ
Ȋșȍ ȗȖȌȋȖȚȖȊȓȍȕȖ Ȋșȍ ȗȘȍȌțșȔȖȚȘȍȕȖ ȇ ȊșȗȖȔȐȕȈȦ ȗȘȍȉȣ-
ȊȈȕȐȍ ȗȘȐȕȞȈ Ȋ ȔȖȍȔ ȌȖȔȍ Ȑ șȟȐȚȈȦ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȍȑ-
ȠȐȔ Ȋ ȔȖȍȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȐȕțȚ Ȋ ȟȍȘȚȍȎȕțȦ ȊȣȠȍȓ ǪȖȚȈȕ ȊȔȍ-
șȚȍ ș ȗȘȐȍȏȎȐȔ Ȑ Ȓ țȌȐȊȓȍȕȐȦ ȒȓȍȘȒȖȊ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȓ ȐȔ Ȑȝ
ȕȖȊȖȋȖ ȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒȈ
ǪȖȓȤȜ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȐȚȤșȧ ș ȒȈȎȌȣȔ ȉȍșȍȌțȧ ș ȕȐȔ Ȑ ȘȈș-
șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȧ Ȗ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȖȠȓȖȑ șȓțȎȉȍ Ȑ Ȗ ȌȍȓȈȝ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ Ȗȕ
ȏȈȊȍȌțȍȚ
Ǫ ȚȖȚ Ȏȍ ȌȍȕȤ ȗȖșȓȍ ȏȈȒȘȣȚȐȧ ȔȈȋȈȏȐȕȈ, Ȋ Ȓȓțȉȍ Ȍȓȧ
ȗȘȐȒȈȏȟȐȒȖȊ Ȑ ȒȓȍȘȒȖȊ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ «ǨȘȚȐȋ Ȑ Ǫȍȑș» ȠȓȐ
ȖȎȐȊȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȣ Ȗ ȕȖȊȖȔ șȓțȎȈȡȍȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ș ȚȈȒȐȔ
ȗȖȟȍȚȖȔ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȌȖȓȍȑ ȚȘȍȊȖȋȐ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȟțȚȒȖ ȗȖȌȔȍȟȍȕȕȖȑ
șȓțȎȈȡȐȔȐ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓ Ȑ ȊȖȌȐȓ ȗȖ ȊșȍȔț ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȔț ȏȌȈȕȐȦ
ȚȖȘȋȖȊȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ șȈȔ ȊșȍȔȖȋțȡȐȑ ǪȖȚȈȕ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȔȖȓȖȌȣȍ șȓțȎȈȡȐȍ ȊȣȠȓȐ ȕȈ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȒț ȋȌȍ ȉȣȓ
țșȚȘȖȍȕ ȚȍȕȕȐș, Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȐȋȘț ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ ȗȖȧȊȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȚȖȚ
Ȗ ȒȖȔ ȚȈȒ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȥȚȖȚ ȌȍȕȤ șȘȍȌȐ șȓțȎȈȡȐȝ ȚȖȘ-
ȋȖȊȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ Ƕȕ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȍȘȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȐȓșȧ ș șȖȉȐȘȈȊȠȐȔȐșȧ
ȐȋȘȈȚȤ ȒȓȍȘȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȗȘȖșȐȓ ȗȘȐȕȧȚȤ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȖȌȕț Ȑȏ ȗȈȘȚȐȑ
ǪșȒȖȘȍ ȐȋȘȈ ȕȈȟȈȓȈșȤ
dzȖȊȒȖșȚȤ Ȑȏȧȡȕȣȍ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȣȑ ȕȈȊȣȒ Ȓ
ȐȋȘȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȊșȍȔ ȗȖȕȘȈȊȐȓȐșȤ Ȑ ǪȖȓȤȜ șȘȈȏț ȗȘȐȖȉȘȍȓ ȖșȖ-
ȉȣȍ șȐȔȗȈȚȐȐ ț ȔȖȓȖȌȍȎȐ DzȖȋȌȈ ȍȋȖ ȝȊȈȓȐȓȐ Ȑ ȘȈșșȗȘȈ-
ȠȐȊȈȓȐ ȋȌȍ Ȗȕ ȕȈțȟȐȓșȧ ȚȈȒ ȔȈșȚȍȘșȒȐ ȐȋȘȈȚȤ Ȗȕ ȊȍșȍȓȖ
țȓȣȉȈȓșȧ Ȑ ȗȖȎȐȔȈȧ ȗȓȍȟȈȔȐ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ

23
— ȇ șȓțȎȐȓ Ȋ dzȖȕȌȖȕȍ Ȋ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȔ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȖȔ ȌȖȔȍ Ȑ ȊȔȍ-
șȚȍ ș ȔȖȐȔȐ șȖșȓțȎȐȊȞȈȔȐ, ȗȘȐȘȖȌȕȣȔȐ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȈȔȐ ȧ
ȚȈȒȎȍ țȊȓȍȒȈȓșȧ ȥȚȖȑ ȐȋȘȖȑ Ȑ ȗȘȖȧȊȐȓ Ȋ ȕȍȑ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȍ șȗȖ-
șȖȉȕȖșȚȐ
DzȖȋȌȈ Ȋ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȖȔ ȌȖȔȍ ȏȈȔȍȘȓȈ Ȋșȧ ȎȐȏȕȤ Ȑ Ȋ ȖȒȕȈȝ ȕȍ
ȊȐȌȕȍȓȖșȤ ȉȖȓȍȍ șȊȍȚȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȓȐȠȤ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȍ șȚȖȘȖȎȈ ȉȘȖ-
ȌȐȓȐ ȒȘțȋȖȔ Ȉ ȗȖ ȌȊȖȘț ȝȖȌȐȓ ȌȍȎțȘȕȣȑ ȊȖȖȘțȎȍȕȕȣȑ Șȍ-
ȊȖȓȤȊȍȘȖȔ, Ȑ ȚȐȝȖ ȗȖșȊȐșȚȣȊȈȓ ȌȊțȔ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ, șȗțȡȍȕȕȣȔ
ș ȞȍȗȐ ȗșȈȔ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȌȕȖ ȖȒȕȖ Ȋ ȊȍȘȝȕȍȔ ȥȚȈȎȍ ȏȌȈȕȐȧ șȊȍ-
ȚȐȓȖșȤ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȌȖ țȚȘȈ
ǺȈȔ ȖȚȒȘȣȊ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȑ ȕȍșȋȖȘȈȍȔȣȑ ȠȒȈȜ șȚȖȧȊ-
ȠȐȑ Ȋ ȗȘȖșȚȍȕȒȍ ȔȍȎȌț ȌȊțȔȧ ȖȒȕȈȔȐ ȟȍȘȚȍȎȕȖȑ Ȑ ȕȐȒȖ-
ȋȌȈ ȗȘȐ ȒȓȍȘȒȈȝ ȕȍ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȊȠȐȑșȧ ǪȖȓȤȜ Ȋȣȕțȓ ȚȘȐ ȒȖ-
ȎȈȕȣȝ ȗȖȘȚȜȍȓȧ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȕȍșȧ Ȑȝ ȕȈ șȊȖȑ ȗȐșȤȔȍȕȕȣȑ șȚȖȓ
ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȐȏțȟȈȓ Ȑȝ șȖȌȍȘȎȐȔȖȍ Ƕȕ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȗȖȌșȟȐȚȣ-
ȊȈȓ ȊȕȖșȐȓ Ȋ șȊȖȦ ȏȈȗȐșȕțȦ ȒȕȐȎȒț ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȣȍ șȓȖȊȈ Ȑ ȞȐȜ-
Șȣ Ȉ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȖȉȍȓȍȓȖ ȕȍȉȖ Ȉ ș ȉțȝȚȣ ȌȖȕȍșȓȐșȤ ȋțȌ-
ȒȐ șȕȐȔȈȦȡȐȝșȧ ș ȧȒȖȘȍȑ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȖȊ Ȑ ȗȖșȓȣȠȈȓȐșȤ ȏȈț-
ȕȣȊȕȣȍ ȒȘȐȒȐ ȗȘȖșȕțȊȠȐȝșȧ ȟȈȍȒ ǪȖȓȤȜ ȈȒȒțȘȈȚȕȖ șȓȖ-
ȎȐȊ ȉțȔȈȋȐ Ȑ ȟȍȘȚȍȎȐ Ȋ ȗȖȘȚȜȍȓȐ ȏȈȗȍȘ Ȑȝ Ȋ ȠȒȈȜ ǷȖ-
ȚȖȔ Ȗȕ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ șȊȖȍȔț șȚȖȓț Ȑ ȊȏȧȊ ȚȍȚȘȈȌȤ ș ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜ-
ȕȣȔȐ ȉȓȈȕȒȈȔȐ ȕȈȉȘȖșȈȓ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȔȔț șȓȍȌțȦȡȍȋȖ șȖȌȍȘȎȈ-
ȕȐȧ
«ǩȍȘȓȐȕ ȞȍȑȝȋȈțȏ ȒȖȕșȍȘȊȈȚȖȘț Ȕțȏȍȧ Dzȓȍȑȕț ǷȘȐȕȧȓ
ȔȈȋȈȏȐȕ ǷȘȐșȓȈȕȕȈȧ ȊȈȔ ȗȍȘȍȗȐșȤ ȚȖȊȈȘȖȊ ȗȘȈȊȐȓȤȕȈ Ǫșȍ
ȕȈȠȍȓ Ȋ ȗȖȘȧȌȒȍ ǷȖ ȖȗȐșȐ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȐȚȤ ȏȈȒȈȏȣ
ǪȖȓȤȜ».
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖșȓȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ȘȈșȗȘȈȊȐȓ ȋȘțȌȤ
Ȑ ȗȓȍȟȐ Ȑ ȚȐȝȖ ȕȈșȊȐșȚȣȊȈȧ ȒȈȒțȦ-ȚȖ ȜȘȐȊȖȓȤȕțȦ ȗȍșȍȕ-
Ȓț ȔȍȓȤȒȖȔ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ Ȋ ȖȒȕȖ ȕȖ ȍȋȖ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȉȍș-
șȚȘȈșȚȕȖ șȒȖȓȤȏȕțȓȐ ȗȖ ȒȘȈșȐȊȖȔț ȉȍȘȍȋț ȏȈȓȐȚȖȔț ȕȍȎȕȣ-
ȔȐ ȓțȟȈȔȐ ȊȖșȝȖȌȧȡȍȋȖ șȖȓȕȞȈ Ȑ ȕȍ ȖȚȘȈȏȐȓȐ Ȋ șȍȉȍ ȕȐ
ȊȖșȚȖȘȋȈ ȕȐ ȚȖȋȖ ȔȖȓȐȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȟțȊșȚȊȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȖȝȊȈȚȣ-
ȊȈȦȚ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊțȍȚ ȗȘȐ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖȔ ȘȖȎ-
ȌȍȕȐȐ ȌȕȍȊȕȖȋȖ șȊȍȚȐȓȈ
Ƕȕ șȗțșȚȐȓșȧ ȗȖ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȍ Ȑ ȗȖ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘț ȗȘȖȠȍȓ Ȋ ȉȖȓȤ-
ȠțȦ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ȋȌȍ șȚȖȧȓȈ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȓȍȕȕȈȧ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȋȖ ȗȖș-
ȚȍȓȤ Ƕȕ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȘȈȏȌȍȓșȧ Ȑ ȓȍȋ ǷȖȚțȠȐȊ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒțȦ

24
ȓȈȔȗȖȟȒț ǪȖȓȤȜ ȊȏȌȖȝȕțȓ Ȑ ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ
«ǪȖȚ Ȑ ȒȖȕȟȐȓșȧ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȗȘȍȉȣȊȈȕȐȧ ȏȌȍșȤ,
ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț ǺȐȝȖȋȖ ȖȒȍȈȕȈ ȋȌȍ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȐ șțȎȌȍȕȖ ȚȈȒ șȒȖȘȖ
ȗȖȌȕȧȚȤ șȊȖȑ ȔȖȡȕȣȑ ȋȖȓȖș ȇ ȗȖșȓțȎț ȥȚȖȔț ȊȍȓȐȒȖȔț
Ȍȍȓț».
III
ǹȚȈȘȣȑ ǪȖȚȈȕ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ ȌȖȔȖȑ Ȑ, țșȍȊȠȐșȤ Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ ȒȈȉȐ-
ȕȍȚȍ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȍ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȍ ȒȘȍșȓȖ șȍȘȌȐȓșȧ ȕȈ șȍȉȧ Ƕȕ țȗ-
ȘȍȒȈȓ șȍȉȧ ȟȚȖ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ șȒȖȘȖ Ȑ ȌȖȊȍȘȟȐȊȖ ȗȘȐȔȐȘȐȓșȧ ș
ȒȖȔȈȕȌȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȔ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȖȔ Ȑ ȗȖșȗȍȠȐȓ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȚȤ
ȍȔț Ȗȉȍ ȘțȒȐ șȓȖȊȕȖ Ȗȕ ǪȖȚȈȕ ȏȈȐșȒȐȊȈȓ Ȋ ȗȘȐȍȏȎȍȔ Ȑ Ȑș-
ȒȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȌȘțȎȉȣ Ȑ ȗȖȒȘȖȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ
ǪȖȓȤȜ ȚȈȒ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ Ȑ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȗȖȘȣȊ șȚȈȘȖȋȖ ȋȓȈȊȕȖțȗ-
ȘȈȊȓȧȦȡȍȋȖ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ «ǨȘȚȐȋ Ȑ Ǫȍȑș» ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ǪȖȚȈȕ
ȧșȕȖ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȓ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȐȘȖȕȐȟȍșȒțȦ Ȑ ȝȐȚȘțȦ țȓȣȉȒț
șȒȖȓȤȏȕțȊȠțȦ ȗȖ ȓȐȞț ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ
— ȇ șȚȈȕȖȊȓȦșȤ ȔȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ — ȗȖȎȈȓ ȗȓȍȟȈȔȐ ǪȖ-
ȚȈȕ — ǸȈȏȊȍ ǪȖȓȤȜ — ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȑ ȖȜȐȞȍȘ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ
ȒȖȔȈȕȌȐȘȖȊȈȓȖ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ȕȈ șȓțȎȉț Ȋ ȜȐȘȔȍ" ǸȈȏȊȍ ȕȍ
ȉȣȓȖ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȗȘȐ șȚȈȘȐȒȈȝ Ǫȍȑșȍ Ȑ ǨȘȚȐȋȍ?
ǪȖȚȈȕ Ȋȏȧȓ șȖ șȚȖȓȈ ȋȈȏȍȚț Ȑ țȋȓțȉȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȟȚȍȕȐȍ ȕȖ Ȕȣș-
ȓȐ ȕȍ țȓȍȋȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȕȖȍ ȗȘȍȌȟțȊșȚȊȐȍ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȖȗȈș-
ȕȖșȚȐ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȓȖ ȍȋȖ ȖȚȓȖȎȐȚȤ ȋȈȏȍȚț Ȑ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȖȉȌțȔȣȊȈȚȤ
ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ Ƕȕ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȘȈȏȕȐȞț ȔȍȎȌț ȗȘȐșȣȓȈȍ-
ȔȣȔȐ Ȋ ȜȐȘȔț ȖȜȐȞȍȘȈȔȐ Ȑ ǪȖȓȤȜȖȔ ǶȌȕȐ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȗȘȐȍȏ-
ȎȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȗȘȈȒȚȐȒț ȐȏțȟȈȓȐ ȘțșșȒȐȑ ȧȏȣȒ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚ-
ȊȖȊȈȓȐ ȗȖ ǺȐȝȖȖȒȍȈȕșȒȖȑ ȖȒȘȈȐȕȍ șȓțȎȐȓȐ Ȋ ȖȚȌȍȓȍȕȐȧȝ
ȜȐȘȔȣ Ȋ ǽȈȉȈȘȖȊșȒȍ ǩȓȈȋȖȊȍȡȍȕșȒȍ ǵȐȒȖȓȈȍȊșȒȍ-ȕȈ-ǨȔț-
Șȍ ǵȖȊȖ-DzȐȍȊșȒȍ ǵȐȒȖȓȤșȒȍ-ǻșșțȘȐȑșȒȖȔ Ȑ Ȋ șȍȓȈȝ ȘȈȏȉȘȖ-
șȈȕȕȣȝ Ȋ ȉȖȋȈȚȖȑ ǻșșțȘȐȑșȒȖȑ ȚȈȑȋȍ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȎȐȓȐ ȕȍȌȖȓ-
ȋȖ ȐșȗȖȓȕȧȓȐ ȌȈȕȕȣȍ ȐȔ ȗȖȘțȟȍȕȐȧ Ȑ țȍȏȎȈȓȐ Ȋ ǫȍȘȔȈ-
ȕȐȦ Ǫșȍ ȖȕȐ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȖȉȖ ȊșȍȔ ȌȖȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȓȐ ȍȔț ǪȖȚȈȕț
șȖȊȍȚȖȊȈȓȐșȤ ș ȕȐȔ Ȑ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ — ȋȓȈȊȈ ǺȖȘȋȖȊȖ-
ȋȖ ǬȖȔȈ Ȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȓȐȟȕȖ ȏȕȈȓȐ ȗȘȐȕȞ ǫȍȕȘȐȝ Ȑ

25
ȔȐȕȐșȚȘȣ Ȋ ǩȍȘȓȐȕȍ
Ƕȕ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȐ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȣ șȕȐȔȈȓȐ ȒȈȘȚȣ ȧȗȖȕșȒȐȝ ȉȍ-
ȘȍȋȖȊ ȍȏȌȐȓȐ Ȋ ȒȈȟȍșȚȊȍ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȟȐȒȖȊ «ǨȘȚȐȋȈ Ȑ ǪȍȑșȈ» Ȋ
DzȈȕȈȌț Ȑ ǹȖȍȌȐȕȍȕȕȣȍ ȀȚȈȚȣ ȊȣșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȓȐ Ȑ ȐȏțȟȈȓȐ Ȑ
țșȚȤȍ ȘȍȒȐ ǹȊ dzȈȊȘȍȕȚȐȧ Ȑ ȉȍȘȍȋȖȊȣȍ țȒȘȍȗȓȍȕȐȧ ȀȚȈȚȖȊ,
Ȑ ȊȍȘȜȐ șȚȘȖȧȡȐȍ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȍ șțȌȈ
ǪȖȓȤȜ ȕȍ ȗȖȝȖȌȐȓ ȕȈ ȕȐȝ Ƕȕ ȕȐ șȓȖȊȖȔ ȕȍ ȖȉȔȖȓȊȐȓșȧ
Ȗ ȌȈȕȕȣȝ ȍȔț ȗȖȘțȟȍȕȐȧȝ ȗȖȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȓ șȖșȓȈȊȠȐșȤ ȕȈ Ȑȕș-
ȗȍȒȚȖȘșȒȐȑ ȞȐȘȒțȓȧȘ ȏȈ ȹ  ȘȈȏȖșȓȈȕȕȣȑ ȍȡȍ ș ȧȕȊȈȘȧ
 ȋȖȌȈ ȊșȍȔ ȚȈȑȕȣȔ ȈȋȍȕȚȈȔ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȖȋȖ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚ-
ȊȈ ȗȘȍȌȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȍȔț șȍȒȘȍȚȕȣȝ ȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚȖȊ Ǫ ȔȈȕȍȘȍ Ȑ
ȊȏȋȓȧȌȍ ǪȖȓȤȜȈ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈșȤ ȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ șȐȓȈ Ȑ șȚȈȘȣȑ ǪȖ-
ȚȈȕ, ȗȖȒȈ ȉȍșȗȘȐȟȐȕȕȖ, ȉȖȧȓșȧ ȏȈ șȊȖȦ șțȌȤȉț
ǪȖȚȈȕ ȉȣȓ ȉȖȋȈȚ Ȑ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȏȈȉȣȓ ȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ Țȧȕțȓ
ȓȧȔȒț ȗȘȐȒȈȏȟȐȒȈ Ȋ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȖȑ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȓȍ ȗȘȖșȚȖȌțȠȕȖȋȖ ȕȍȔ-
ȞȈ ǴȦȓȤȜȍȘȚȈ Ȑ ȕȍ ȌȍȕȍȎȕȣȑ ȊȖȗȘȖș ȚȘȍȊȖȎȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ
Ƕȕ ȏȕȈȓ Ȋșȍȝ Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌȍ ȏȕȈȓ Ȋșȍȝ Ȋ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȔ ȒȘȈȍ ȋȌȍ ȔȖȋ-
ȓȐ ȉȣ ȗȖȔȍșȚȐȚȤșȧ ȚȘȐ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȐȝ ȐȔȗȍȘȐȐ ȉȣȓ ȓȦȉȍȏȍȕ
șȖ ȊșȍȔȐ șȐȓȤȕȣȔȐ Ȑ ȊȓȐȧȚȍȓȤȕȣȔȐ țșȓțȎȓȐȊ Ȑ ȚȖ ȗȖȌȖ-
ȉȖșȚȘȈșȚȍȕ ȚȖ ȕȐȏȒȖȗȖȒȓȖȕȍȕ ȕȖ Ȑ ȕȈȋȓ ǹ ȕȐȏȠȐȔȐ Ȑ ȕțȎ-
ȌȈȦȡȐȔȐșȧ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ǪȖȚȈȕ ȉȣȓ ȎȍșȚȖȒ Ȑ ȉȍșȗȖȡȈȌȍȕ ǪȖȚ ȗȖ-
ȟȍȔț Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȕȈȘȧȌț ș «ȖȉȡȐȔ țȊȈȎȍȕȐȍȔ» Ȑ ȗȖȟȍȚȖȔ
ȊȘȣȊȈȓȈșȤ ȗȖȘȖȑ Ȑ ȕȍȕȈȊȐșȚȤ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȊȠȈȧ ȋȘȈȕȐȞ ȔȍȎȌț
ȌȖȏȊȖȓȍȕȕȣȔ Ȑ ȕȍȌȖȏȊȖȓȍȕȕȣȔ Ȑ ȋȖȘȍȊȠȈȧ ȓȐȠȤ ȖȌȕȐȔ Ȏȍ-
ȓȈȕȐȍȔ ȔȍșȚȐ ȏȈ ȖȉȐȌț ȖșȒȖȘȉȓȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȐȏȌȍȊȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ șȖȊȍȘ-
Ƞȍȕȕȣȍ ȕȈȌ ȗȖȗȈȊȠȐȔȐ Ȋ ȞȍȗȒȐȍ ȘțȒȐ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ ȓȦ-
ȌȤȔȐ ȅȚȐ-ȚȖ ȊȘȈȋȐ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȗȘȖȕȐȒȓȐ Ȋ ȚȈȑȕȣ «țȕȐȊȍȘșȈȓȤ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȔȈȋȈȏȐȕȈ ǨȘȚȐȋ Ȑ Ǫȍȑș» Ȑ ȏȕȈȓȐ ȐȓȐ, ȊȍȘȕȍȍ, ȌȖȋȈȌȣ-
ȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȗ ȌȍȧȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ȔȕȖȋȐȝ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȟȐȒȖȊ Ȑ ȒȖȕȚȖȘȡȐȒȖȊ,
șȓțȎȐȊȠȐȝ ț ǪȖȚȈȕȈ
ǰȏ ȒȖȕȚȖȘȣ ȘȈȏ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȖȝȐȡȍȕȣ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȣȍ ȒȕȐȋȐ ȜȐȘ-
Ȕȣ Ȑ ȒȍȔ-ȚȖ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȕȍȑ ȗȖȌȒȐȕțȚȣ ȊȖ ȌȊȖȘ ȌȖȔȈ
ǪȖȚȈȕȈ ǺȖȋȌȈ Ȏȍ ȔȍșȚȕȣȍ ȊȓȈșȚȐ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓȐ ȌȖȕȖș ȟȚȖ ȜȐȘ-
ȔȈ Ȑȏ ȋȖȌȈ Ȋ ȋȖȌ ȕȍșȍȚ ȕȈ ȔȕȖȋȐȝ ȗȖȌȘȧȌȈȝ țȉȣȚȒȐ ȕȖ ȕȍ-
șȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȥȚȖ ȘȈșȠȐȘȧȍȚ șȊȖȍ ȗȘȍȌȗȘȐȧȚȐȍ Ȑ ȊȖȏȊȖȌȐȚ ȕȖ-
Ȋȣȍ ȗȖșȚȘȖȑȒȐ ǨȊȚȖȘȣ ȌȖȕȖșȈ ȏȈȌȈȊȈȓȐ ȊȖȗȘȖș ȟȍȔ ȏȈȕȐ-
ȔȈȍȚșȧ Ȑ Ȍȓȧ ȟȍȋȖ șțȡȍșȚȊțȍȚ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȣȑ ȌȖȔ «ǨȘȚȐȋ Ȑ Ǫȍȑș»
ȗȘȐ ȚȈȒȐȝ țșȓȖȊȐȧȝ

26
ǩȣȓ ȍȡȍ ȖȌȐȕ ȊȘȈȋ ț șȚȈȘȖȋȖ ǪȖȚȈȕȈ Ƕȕ ȗȖȧȊȓȧȓșȧ ȕȍ-
ȐȏȔȍȕȕȖ Ȓ ǵȖȊȖȔț ǫȖȌț Ȑ țȝȔȣȓȧȧșȤ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȊȝȖȌȧ Ȋ ȒȈ-
ȉȐȕȍȚ ǪȖȚȈȕȈ
— ǻȋȖȌȕȖ ȖȚșȘȖȟȐȚȤ ȗȘȈȊȍȌȕțȦ ȕȈȌ ȊȈȔȐ ȒȈȏȕȤ"
ǪȖȚȈȕ ȕȐ șȓȖȊȈ ȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȧ ȊȣȕȐȔȈȓ ȏȈȋȖȚȖȊȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȟȍȒ
ȕȈ ȌȊȍ ȚȣșȧȟȐ Șțȉȓȍȑ ȗȘȖȚȧȋȐȊȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȗȖșȍȚȐȚȍȓȦ șȔȖȚȘȧ
ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȊȖȗȘȖșȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ Ȉ ȗȖșȍȚȐȚȍȓȤ ȔȈȓȍȕȤ-
ȒȐȑ ȠȐȘȖȒȖȗȓȍȟȐȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȌȍȘȎȈșȤ ȗȖ-ȊȖȍȕȕȖȔț ș ȓȐȞȖȔ
ȐȏȔȧȚȣȔ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȐșȗȖȓȖșȖȊȈȕȕȣȔ ȝȓȣșȚȖȔ șȒȈȓȐȓ ȕȍȘȖȊ-
ȕȣȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ ȏțȉȣ ȗȓȖȔȉȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȍ ȏȖȓȖȚȖȔ Ȑ ȊȣȕȐȔȈȓ
ȉțȔȈȎȕȐȒ ǬȖșȚȈȊ Ȑȏ ȕȍȋȖ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜȕȣȑ ȉȓȈȕȒ Ȗȕ ȘȈȏȊȍȘ-
ȚȣȊȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȏȓȖȉȕȖ șȔȖȚȘȍȊȠȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ǪȖ-
ȚȈȕȈ Ȑ ȝȘȐȗȓȣȔ șȓȍȋȒȈ șȐȗȧȡȐȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȟȐȚȈȓ
— «ǰȕȒȖț ǺȘȖȔȈȕț ȗȍȘȍȌȈȚȤ ȊȖ ǪȓȈȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒ “ǨȘȚȐȋ Ȑ
Ǫȍȑș” Ȋ ȞȐȉȐȒȍ ȟȈȧ ǷȖȏȈȉȖȚȤȚȍșȤ ȗȖȓțȟȐȚȤ ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȕȈȊȓȐ-
ȊȈȧșȤ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȐȏȒȐȔȐ ȞȍȕȈȔȐ ȗȖȌȘȧȌ ȕȈ ȎȍȓȍȏȖ Ȋ ȒȘȍȗȖșȚ-
ȕȣȝ ȘȈȑȖȕȈȝ ǩȘȖȕȔȍȑȍȘ».
ǰȚȈȒ, — ȝȐȝȐȒȈȓ ȗȖșȍȚȐȚȍȓȤ — ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȔȔȈ ț Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ ȧ
ȍȍ ȍȡȍ ȗȖ ȗȖȌȓȖșȚȐ ȔȖȍȑ ȕȈȚțȘȣ ȕȍ ȐșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȓ Ǩ ȐȕȚȍ-
ȘȍșȕȖ ȉȣ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȕȈ ȊȈș ț șȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȧ Ȑ ȗȖșȓțȠȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ
ȉȣ Ȋȣ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ Ȗȉ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȧȝ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓȈ ǩȘȖȕȔȍȑȍȘȈ ȕȈ-
ȟȈȓȤȕȐȒȈ ȒȈȕȞȍȓȧȘȐȐ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȖȋȖ ȊȖȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȔȐȕȐșȚȘȈ Ȓ
ȗȖșȚȈȊȒȈȔ ȎȍȓȍȏȈ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȣȔ ȌȖȔȖȔ «ǨȘȚȐȋ Ȑ Ǫȍȑș» DzȈȒ Ȋȣ
ȌțȔȈȍȚȍ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ ǪȖȚȈȕ"
ǵȖ ǪȖȚȈȕ țȎȍ ȠȊȣȘȧȓ ȟȍȒ ȕȈ șȚȖȓ Ȉ ȗȖșȍȚȐȚȍȓȤ Ȋ ȘțȒȐ
ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȔ ȗțȚȍȔ ȗȖȗȈȓȈ ȏȓȖȗȖȓțȟȕȈȧ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȔ-
ȔȈ ȗȖȌȝȊȈȚȣȊȈȓ ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȝȐȝȐȒȈȧ Ȑ ȗȖȌȍȘȋȐȊȈȧșȤ țȝȖȌȐȓ ȕȍ
ȗȘȖȡȈȧșȤ ș ȝȖȏȧȐȕȖȔ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȍ ȖȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȧșȤ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ
ǪȖȚȈȕ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ ȒȈȒ ȏȖȊțȚ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȠȈȕȚȈȎȐȘțȦȡȍȋȖ
ȍȋȖ ȍȎȍȋȖȌȕȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ Ƕ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ Ȗȕ ȏȕȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȐȔȧ ǪȖȚȈȕ
ȉȣȓ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ șȐȓȍȕ ȟȚȖȉȣ șȔȍȓȤȟȈȒ ȔȖȋ șȒȘȣȚȤșȧ ȖȚ ȕȍȋȖ
ǵȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȍȞ Ȏȍ ȗȖȓțȟȐȊ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ ȉȍșșȓȍȌȕȖ ȐșȟȍȏȈȓ ȌȖ șȓȍ-
ȌțȦȡȍȋȖ ȋȖȌȈ
ǩȣȓȐ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȊȘȈȋȐ ț ȜȐȘȔȣ Ȑ ț șȈȔȖȋȖ ǪȖȚȈȕȈ Ȑ Ȗȕ
ȗȖȕȐȔȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȍșȓȐ ǪȖȓȤȜ ȗȘȐȉȣȓ șȦȌȈ ȒȈȒ ȊȘȈȋ ȚȖ Ȗȕ șț-
ȔȍȍȚ ȗȘȍȌȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȌȖȓȋȖȓȍȚȕȍȋȖ ȋȓȈȊț ȜȐȘȔȣ Ȋ ȘțȒȐ Șțș-
șȒȖȋȖ ȗȘȈȊȖșțȌȐȧ
ǪȖȚȈȕ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȊȏȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȕȕȣȑ ȊșȚȈȓ Ȑ ȊȣȌȊȐȕțȓ ȧȡȐȒ

27
ȗȐșȤȔȍȕȕȖȋȖ șȚȖȓȈ Ƕȕ Ȋȣȕțȓ ȠȒȈȚțȓȒț Ȑ ȖȚȒȘȣȓ ȍȍ Ǫ
ȗȈȟȒȍ șȚȈȘȣȝ Ȑ ȗȖȎȍȓȚȍȊȠȐȝ ȗȐșȍȔ Ȗȕ ȖȚȣșȒȈȓ ȖȌȕȖ ȕȈ ȚȖȓ-
șȚȖȑ ȉțȔȈȋȍ țȒȘȈȠȍȕȕȖȑ ȏȈȔȣșȓȖȊȈȚȣȔ ȋȍȘȉȖȔ Ȑ ȕȈȌȗȐșȤȦ
ȕȈȌ ȕȐȔ «Veritate ornamur», Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȟȐȚȈȚȤ
Ǽʓˑ˓ˑˆˑˌ ˏˑˌ ˇ˓˖ˆǨ ʮ ˅˚ˈ˓˃ ˋˏˈˎ ˒˓ˑˇˑˎˉˋ˕ˈˎ˟ːˑˈ ˔ˑ˄ˈ-
˔ˈˇˑ˅˃ːˋˈ ˔ ˅ˑˈːː˞ˏ ˏˋːˋ˔˕˓ˑˏǡ ˃ ˔ˈˆˑˇːˢǡ ˒ˑ ˒˓ˋˈˊˇˈ ˅ ʐˈ˓-
ˎˋː ˋˏ˒ˈ˓˔ˍˑˆˑ ˍ˃ː˙ˎˈ˓˃ǡ ˋ ˔ ːˋˏǤ ʝ˄˃ ˑːˋ ː˃˔˕˃ˋ˅˃ˡ˕ ː˃ ːˈ-
ˑ˄˘ˑˇˋˏˑ˔˕ˋǡ ˚˕ˑ˄˞ ˅˞ ˒˓ˋːˢˎˋ ˓˖˔˔ˍˑˈ ˒ˑˇˇ˃ː˔˕˅ˑǡ ˕˃ˍ ˍ˃ˍ
˄ˎˋˊˋ˕˔ˢ ˅˓ˈˏˢǡ ˍˑˆˇ˃ ˑˍ˃ˉˈ˕˔ˢ ːˈ˖ˇˑ˄ː˞ˏ ˋ ˄ˈ˔˒ˑˎˈˊː˞ˏ
ˋˏˈ˕˟ ˅ˑ ˆˎ˃˅ˈ ˅˃˛ˈˌ ˗ˋ˓ˏ˞ǡ ˒˓ˋːˑ˔ˢ˜ˈˌ ˕˃ˍ˖ˡ ˒ˑˎ˟ˊ˖ ˒˓˃-
˅ˋ˕ˈˎ˟˔˕˅˖ǡ ˆˈ˓ˏ˃ː˔ˍˑˆˑ ˒ˑˇˇ˃ːːˑˆˑǤ ʗˊ˅ˈ˜˃ˢ ˅˃˔ ˑ˄ ˠ˕ˑˏǡ ˢ
˔ˑ ˔˅ˑˈˌ ˔˕ˑ˓ˑː˞ǡ ˒˃ˏˢ˕˖ˢ ˑ ː˃˛ˋ˘ ˔˕˃˓ˋːː˞˘ ˋ ˇ˓˖ˉˈ˔ˍˋ˘
ˑ˕ːˑ˛ˈːˋˢ˘ǡ ˔ˑ˅ˈ˕˖ˡ ˅˃ˏ ˒ˑ˔˒ˈ˛ˋ˕˟ ˔ ˋ˔˒ˑˎːˈːˋˈˏ ˅˒ˑˎːˈ
˓˃ˊ˖ˏːˑˆˑ ˋ ˔˅ˑˈ˅˓ˈˏˈːːˑˆˑ ˉˈˎ˃ːˋˢ ː˃˛ˈˆˑ ˒˓˃˅ˋ˕ˈˎ˟˔˕˅˃Ǥ
ʗ˔ˍ˓ˈːːˈ ˍ ˅˃ˏ ˓˃˔˒ˑˎˑˉˈːː˞ˌ
ˆ˓˃˗ ʡˈˑˇˑ˓ ʛˋ˓˄˃˘ǽǤ
ǵȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȏ ȗȘȖȉȍȎȈȊ ȗȐșȤȔȖ ȋȓȈȊȣ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȐȝ ȒȖȕ-
șȍȘȊȈȚȖȘȖȊ Ȑ șȈȔȣȝ ȧȘȣȝ ȊȘȈȋȖȊ ǸȖșșȐȐ șȚȈȘȣȑ ǪȖȚȈȕ ȏȈ-
ȌțȔȈȓșȧ
— ǸȈȏȊȍ ȧ ȕȍ ȐșȗȖȓȕȐȓ ȊȖȓȐ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ" — ȉȍȏȏȊțȟ-
ȕȖ șȗȘȖșȐȓ Ȗȕ ȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ ȒȚȖ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ Ȋșȍ șȓȣȠȈȚȤ Ȑ ȗȖ-
ȕȧȚȤ — ǸȈȏȊȍ ȧ ȕȍ ȊȣȗȖȓȕȐȓ Ȋșȍȝ ȗȘȍȌȗȐșȈȕȐȑ ǩȍȘȓȐȕȈ"
ǪȐȌȐȚ ǩȖȋ ȟȚȖ ȧ șȓțȎț Ȍȍȓț ȊȍȘȖȑ Ȑ ȗȘȈȊȌȖȑ
ǸȈȏȔȣȠȓȍȕȐȧ ȍȋȖ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȘȍȘȊȈȕȣ șȚțȒȖȔ Ȋ ȌȊȍȘȤ ǪȖȠȍȓ
ȖȟȍȕȤ ȌȘȍȊȕȐȑ șȋȖȘȉȓȍȕȕȣȑ șȚȈȘȐȒ
— ǹȈȌȐȚȍșȤ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ ǴȦȓȤȜȍȘȚ — ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖ ȗȘȐȊȍȚșȚ-
ȊȖ ȊȈȓ ȋȖșȚȧ ǪȖȚȈȕ — ǹȈȔ ǩȖȋ ȗȘȐȊȍȓ ȊȈș ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ Ǵȕȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ
ȕțȎȕȖ ȗȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ș ȊȈȔȐ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ ǴȦȓȤȜȍȘȚ ȗȖȋȖȊȖ-
ȘȐȚȤ ȗȖ ȌȘțȎȉȍ
ǰ Ȗȕ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȌȍȓȐȚȤșȧ șȖ șȊȖȐȔ ȉȣȊȠȐȔ ȝȖȏȧȐȕȖȔ Ȉ Țȍ-
ȗȍȘȤ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȟȐȒȖȔ ȚȘȍȊȖȋȈȔȐ Ȑ ȖȗȈșȍȕȐȧȔȐ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȍȕ-
ȕȣȔȐ ȗȘȐȍȏȌȖȔ ǪȖȓȤȜȈ
ǪȖȚȈȕ ȗȘȖȟȍȓ ǴȦȓȤȜȍȘȚț ȗȐșȤȔȖ ȋȘȈȜȈ ǴȐȘȉȈȝȈ ȋȖȊȖ-
ȘȐȓ Ȗ șȊȖȍȑ ȉȍȏȏȈȊȍȚȕȖȑ ȗȘȍȌȈȕȕȖșȚȐ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȐ Ȑ ȒȈȏȈ-

28
ȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȖȗȘȈȊȌȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȒȍȔ-ȚȖ Ȑ ȗȘȖșȐȚ ȗȖȎȈȓȍȚȤ
ȍȋȖǪȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȓțȠȈȓ ȍȋȖ ǴȦȓȤȜȍȘȚ Ȑ ȔȖȓȟȈȓ ȖȉȌțȔȣ-
ȊȈȧ țșȓȣȠȈȕȕȖȍ ǩȣȓȖ țȎȍ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȏȈ ȗȖȓȕȖȟȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ șȚȈ-
ȘȐȒȐ ȖȒȘțȎȍȕȕȣȍ ȒȓțȉȈȔȐ șȐȋȈȘȕȖȋȖ ȌȣȔȈ ȗȘȐȠȓȐ Ȓ ȕȍ-
ȐȏȉȍȎȕȖȔț ȘȍȠȍȕȐȦ
— ǵȈȌȖ șȓȍȌȐȚȤ — Ƞȍȗȕțȓ ȗȘȖȡȈȧșȤ ș ȝȖȏȧȐȕȖȔ ǴȦȓȤ-
ȜȍȘȚ — ǭșȓȐ Ȏȍ ǪȖȓȤȜ ȗȖȗȣȚȈȍȚșȧ șȗȐȝȕțȚȤ ȊȈș Ȕȣ ȗȘȍ-
ȌȈȌȐȔ ȍȋȖ
— ǺȈȒ Ȋȣ șȓȍȌȐȚȍ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ ȌȖȘȖȋȖȑ ǴȦȓȤȜȍȘȚ — șȎȐȔȈȧ
ȍȔț ȘțȒț ȗȖȗȘȖșȐȓ ǪȖȚȈȕ
ǹȚȈȘȐȒ ȔȖȓȟȈ ȒȐȊȕțȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ Ȑ ȊȣȠȍȓ
IV
ǵȈșȚțȗȐȓȖ ǸȖȎȌȍșȚȊȖ ǯȖȓȖȚȖȑ ǸȖȋ ȗȖȒȘȣȓșȧ ȗȘȖȟȕȣȔ
ȓȤȌȖȔ ȖȒȘțȎȐȊȠȐȔ șȚȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȣ ȚȘȍȝ ȒȘȍȑșȍȘȖȊ ȏȐ-
ȔțȦȡȐȝ ȕȈ ȘȍȑȌȍ ǵȈ ȊȍȘȝțȠȒȈȝ ȋȖȘ ț ǶȘȓȐȕȖȋȖ ǫȕȍȏȌȈ Ȑ
ȕȈ ȗȖȓȧȕȈȝ șȘȍȌȐ ȏȖȓȖȚȐșȚȖȋȖ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ șȉȘȖșȐȊȠȍȋȖ ȓȐș-
ȚȤȍȊ ȌțȉȖȊȖȋȖ ȓȍșȈ ȊȐȌȕȍȓȐșȤ ȉȍȓȣȍ ȗȧȚȕȈ șȕȍȋȈ ȕȖ Ȋ ȋȖȘȖ-
Ȍȍ ȚȘȍȡȈȓȐ ȕȍȓȍȗȣȍ ȌȐȒȖ ȔȟȈȊȠȐȍșȧ ȐȏȊȖȏȟȐȟȤȐ ȗȘȖȓȍȚ-
ȒȐ Ȑ șȒȘȐȗȍȓȐ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȍ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȍ ȈȘȉȣ ȏȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȕȣȍ Ƞȍș-
ȚȍȘȒȈȔȐ ȕȐȏȒȖȘȖșȓȣȝ ȓȖȝȔȈȚȣȝ ȓȖȠȈȌȖȒ
ǷȖ ȏȈȓȐȊț șȒȖȓȤȏȐȓȐ ȖȚ ǫȕȐȓȖȋȖ ǻȋȓȈ ȌȖ ȈȌȔȐȘȈȓȤșȒȖȑ
ȗȘȐșȚȈȕȐ ȉțȍȘȈ șȊȍȘȒȈȧ ȕȈ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȉȍȓȣȔȐ ȗȈȘțșȈȔȐ ȎȈȌ-
ȕȖ ȓȖȊȧȡȐȔȐ șȊȍȎȐȑ ȊȍȚȍȘ ȕȍșțȡȐȑ ș șȖȉȖȑ ȖșȚȘȣȍ Ȑ ȚȊȍȘ-
Ȍȣȍ șȕȍȎȕȣȍ Ȑȋȓȣ Ǫșȍ ȔȈȋȈȏȐȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȏȈȗȍȘȚȣ ǫțȌȍȓȐ ȒȖ-
ȓȖȒȖȓȈ Ȋ șȖȉȖȘȍ ȗȍȘȍȒȓȐȒȈȓȐșȤ ȔȈȚȘȖșȣ ȋțȓȧȦȡȐȍ ȗȖ ȋȖ-
ȘȖȌț Ȑ ȊȏȊȐȏȋȐȊȈȓȐ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȌȍȘȋȈȓȐ ȏȈ ȒȖșȣ ȐȓȐ
ȡȍȓȒȈȓȐ ȗȖ ȋȓȈȌȒȖ ȊȣȉȘȐȚȣȔ ȋȖȓȖȊȈȔ ȗȘȖȝȖȎȐȍ Ȑȏ ȗȘȖșȚȖ-
ȕȈȘȖȌȤȧ
ǻ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ șȖȉȘȈȕȐȧ șȚȖȧȓȈ ȚȖȓȗȈ ǿȐȚȈȓȐ ȠȐȘȖȒȖȊȍ-
ȡȈȚȍȓȤȕțȦ ȈȜȐȠț șȖȖȉȡȈȊȠțȦ Ȗ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȔ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȍȔ ȉȈ-
ȓȍ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȉȈȓ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȊșȚȘȍ-
ȟȈȓșȧ «ȊȍșȤ șȊȍȚ» ǪȍȟȍȘȖȔ Ȓ ȗȖȌȢȍȏȌț ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ șȖȉȘȈȕȐȧ

29
ȧȘȒȖ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȏȈȌȘȈȗȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȒȘȈșȕȣȔ șțȒȕȖȔ ȜȓȈ-
ȋȈȔȐ Ȑ ȋȐȘȓȧȕȌȈȔȐ Ȑȏ ȍȓȖȊȣȝ ȊȍȚȖȒ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȗȖȌȒȈȚȣȊȈȚȤ
șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȥȒȐȗȈȎȐ Ȑ ȐȏȊȖȏȟȐȟȤȐ ȗȘȖȓȍȚȒȐ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ Ȋȣ-
ȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȌȈȔȣ ȏȈȒțȚȈȕȕȣȍ Ȋ ȘȖȚȖȕȌȣ Ȑ ȔȧȋȒȐȍ ȗȓȈȚȒȐ ǶȕȐ
ȠȓȐ Ȓ ȗȖȌȢȍȏȌț ȊȣșȖȒȖ ȗȖȌȖȉȘȈȊ ȦȉȒȐ Ȑ șȔȍȓȖ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȧ
ȕȖȋȐ Ȋ ȠȍȓȒȖȊȣȝ ȟțȓȒȈȝ Ȑ Ȑȏȧȡȕȣȝ ȚțȜȍȓȤȒȈȝ ǯȈ ȕȐȔȐ
șȓȍȌȖȊȈȓȐ ȔțȎȟȐȕȣ Ȋ ȔȍȝȖȊȣȝ ȗȈȓȤȚȖ ȠțȉȈȝ Ȑ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȝ
ȠȐȕȍȓȧȝ
Dzȓțȉȣ ȗȈȘȈ șȊȍȘȒȈȦȡȐȍ Ȋ ȓțȟȈȝ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȜȖȕȈ-
Șȍȑ șȕȍȎȐȕȒȐ ȉȘȐȓȓȐȈȕȚȣ ȌȈȔ ȔȍȘȞȈȦȡȐȍ ȏȈȋȈȌȖȟȕȣȔ
șȊȍȚȖȔ șȘȍȌȐ ȔȍȝȈ Ȑ ȠȍȓȒȈ Ȋȍșȍȓȣȍ ȖȒȘȐȒȐ șȔȍȝ ȗȍȘȍȘț-
ȋȐȊȈȕȐȍ ȒțȟȍȘȖȊ Ȑ ȚȖȗȖȚ ȓȖȠȈȌȍȑ șȖȏȌȈȊȈȓȐ Țț ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȈȦ-
ȡțȦ ȗȘȧȕțȦ ȈȚȔȖșȜȍȘț ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȏȈșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚ șȒȖȘȍȑ ȉȐȚȤșȧ
șȍȘȌȞȍ Ȑ ȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȚȤșȧ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȣȔ ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȚȖ ȖșȚȘȣȔ ȊȖȓȕȍ-
ȕȐȍȔ
Dz ȗȖȌȢȍȏȌț ȕȈ ȐșȝȖȌȍ ȖȌȐȕȕȈȌȞȈȚȖȋȖ ȟȈșȈ ȗȖȌȢȍȝȈȓ ȕȈ
ȐȏȊȖȏȟȐȒȍ ǪȖȓȤȜ Ƕȕ șȉȘȖșȐȓ ȗȈȓȤȚȖ ȕȈ ȘțȒȐ ȗȖȌșȒȖȟȐȊ-
ȠȍȋȖ Ȓ ȕȍȔț șȓțȎȐȚȍȓȧ Ȑ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȏȍȘȒȈȓț
Ƕȕ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ șȊȖȦ șȚȘȖȑȕțȦ ȜȐȋțȘț ȏȈȚȧ-
ȕțȚțȦ Ȋ ȉȍȏțȒȖȘȐȏȕȍȕȕȣȑ ȜȘȈȒ Ȋ ȗȍȚȓȐȞȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȉȍȓȍ-
ȓȈ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ ȝȘȐȏȈȕȚȍȔȈ ǵȈȚȧȋȐȊȈȧ ȗȍȘȟȈȚȒț ǪȖȓȤȜ ȊȖ-
Ƞȍȓ Ȋ ȏȈȓ
ǩȣȓȖ ȚȍșȕȖ Ȑ ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȗȘȖȚȐșȒȐȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȚȖȓȗȍ ǾȣȋȈȕ-
ȒȐ ȘțșȈȓȒȐ ȐșȗȈȕȒȐ ȗȖȓȤȒȐ șȒȖȔȖȘȖȝȐ ȌȖȔȐȕȖ ȗȤȍȘȖ
ȗȤȍȘȍȚȚȣ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȣ ȌȘȍȊȕȐȍ șȈȔțȘȈȐ ȠȓȐ șȗȓȖȠȕȖȑ șȚȍ-
ȕȖȑ DzȐȊȈȧ ȋȖȓȖȊȈȔȐ Ȑ șȔȍȠȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȋȐȉȈȧșȤ ȖȕȐ șȚȈȘȈȓȐșȤ
ȐȏȔȍȕȧȧ ȗȖȌ ȔȈșȒȈȔȐ șȊȖȐ ȋȖȓȖșȈ ȊȣȗȘȖșȐȚȤ ȉȐȓȍȚȐȒȐ Ȍȓȧ
ȗȖȓțȟȍȕȐȧ ȗȘȐȏȖȊ
ǪȖȓȤȜ șțȕțȓ ȗȍȘȊȖȑ ȗȖȗȈȊȠȍȑșȧ ȔȈșȒȍ șȊȖȐ ȉȐȓȍȚȐȒȐ
Ȑ Ƞȍȓ Ȋ ȚȖȓȗȍ ȒȖȋȖ ȚȖ ȊȣșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȧ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ Ȗȕ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ
ǪȖȚȈȕȈ ȖȒȘțȎȍȕȕȖȋȖ șȚȈȍȑ ȒȈȒȐȝ-ȚȖ ȕȈȧȌ ș ȘȣȉȈȔȐ Ȋ ȊȖȓȖ-
șȈȝ Ȑ ȊȖȌȧȕȣȔȐ ȓȐȓȐȧȔȐ Ȋ șȒȓȈȌȒȈȝ ȗȖȓțȗȘȖȏȘȈȟȕȣȝ ȗȓȈ-
ȚȤȍȊ Ȑȏ ȋȖȓțȉȖȑ ȒȐșȍȐ
— ǹȚȈȘȐȟȖȒ șȚȈȘȐȟȖȒ — ȊȐȏȎȈȓȐ ȖȕȐ. — Ǵȣ Țȍȉȧ ȏȕȈȍȔ
ǵȈȟȐȕȈȓȈșȤ «ȐȕȚȘȐȋȈ» Ȑ, ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȚȊȧȏȈȚȤșȧ ȖȚ ȕȈȏȖȑȓȐ-
Ȋȣȝ ȔȈșȖȒ ǪȖȚȈȕ ȗȖ ȗȘȐȊȣȟȒȍ ȒȘȐȊȖ țȓȣȉȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȟȚȖ
ȖȉȖȏȕȈȟȈȓȖ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȒ ȘȈȏȌȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ
— DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ Ȋȣ Ȕȍȕȧ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ Ǫȣ ȗȖȒțȗȈȓȐ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȥȚț ȗȓȖ-

30
ȝțȦ ȒȐșȍȦ Ȑȏ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȌȍȓȈȦȚ ȓȐȠȤ ȖȚȌȍȓȒț Ȍȓȧ ȋȘȖȉȖȊ Ȉ
ȕȍ ȗȓȈȚȤȧ ȔȖȐ ȔȐȓȣȍ
ǹ ȊȐȏȋȖȔ Ȑ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȖȚȒȘȖȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȉȘȈȕȤȦ ȚȖȓȗȈ ȕȈȧȌ
ȘȈȏȉȍȎȈȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȘȈȏȕȣȍ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ
Dz ǪȖȚȈȕț ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ ǪȖȓȤȜ Ȑ Ȋȏȧȓ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȌ ȘțȒț
— ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȈȎȕȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ Ȓ ȊȈȔ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ
— ǰ ȌȈȎȍ ȏȌȍșȤ ȕȈ ȉȈȓț ț ȊȈș ȌȍȓȈ" — ȕȍ țȌȍȘȎȈȓșȧ ȖȚ
ȍȝȐȌȕȖȋȖ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȕȐȧ șȚȈȘȐȒ
— ǹȈȔȖȍ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȧȡȍȍ ȔȍșȚȖ — ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȧ ȧȏȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ
ȚȖȕȈ ǪȖȚȈȕȈ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ǪȖȓȤȜ — ǹȌȍȓȈȑȚȍ ȊȐȌ ȟȚȖ șȓțȠȈȍȚȍ
ȏȈȉȈȊȕȣȑ ȈȕȍȒȌȖȚ Ȉ ȧ ȊȈȔ Ȋșȍ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȔ
ǰ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ ȗȘȐȎȈȊ Ȓ șȊȖȍȔț ȉȖȒț ȘțȒț ǪȖȚȈȕȈ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ
ȏȈȠȍȗȚȈȓ țȓȣȉȈȧșȤ Ȑ ȐȋȘȈȧ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ
— ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖșȍȚȐȓ ȖȌȐȕ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȏȈȧȊȐȊȠȐȑ
ȟȚȖ ȊȖȑȕȈ ȔȍȎȌț ǸȖșșȐȍȑ Ȑ ȇȗȖȕȐȍȑ ȕȍȐȏȉȍȎȕȈ ǵȈȟȕȍȚ ȍȍ
ȕȈȗȈȌȍȕȐȍȔ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȜȓȖȚȈ ȇȗȖȕȐȧ ǵȈȔ ȕțȎȕȖ țșȐȓȐȚȤ șȊȖȦ
ȌȍȧȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȕȈȠȍ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ȒȘȈȑȕȍ ȏȈȐȕȚȍ-
ȘȍșȖȊȈȕȖ Ȋ ȖșȓȈȉȓȍȕȐȐ ǸȖșșȐȐ ǭșȓȐ ȊȖȑȕȈ ș ȇȗȖȕȐȍȑ ȖȒȖȕ-
ȟȐȚșȧ Ȍȓȧ ǸȖșșȐȐ ȕȍțȌȈȟȕȖ Ȕȣ ȔȖȎȍȔ ȉȣȚȤ țȊȍȘȍȕȣ ȟȚȖ
ǸȖșșȐȧ Ȋ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȗȧȚȐȌȍșȧȚȐ ȓȍȚ ȕȍ ȖȒȘȍȗȕȍȚ Ȉ ȌȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȊȘȍ-
ȔȍȕȐ ȕȈȠȈ ȈȘȔȐȧ ȊȚȖȘȋȕȍȚșȧ ȏȈ ǪȐșȓț Ȑ șȖȊȍȘȠȐȚ ȗȖȉȍȌȖ-
ȕȖșȕȣȑ ȗȖȝȖȌ
ǻȓȣȉȈȧșȤ Ȑ ȌȍȓȈȧ ȊȐȌ ȟȚȖ șȓțȠȈȍȚ șȔȍȠȕȖȑ ȘȈșșȒȈȏ
ǪȖȚȈȕ Ƞȍȗȕțȓ
— ǪȍșȚȐ ȚȖȟȕȣȍ"
— ǹȈȔȣȍ ȚȖȟȕȣȍ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ǪȖȓȤȜ — ǷȘȐȊȍȏ Ȑȝ Ȕȕȍ ȊȍȘ-
ȕȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȗȘȐȒȈȏȖȔ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȖȋȖ ȗȖșȓȈ Ȋ ǷȍȒȐ-
ȕȍ ǷȘȐȒȈȏ ȥȚȖȚ ȉȍȏ ȕȖȔȍȘȈ ȕȖ ȐȌȍȚ ȗȖȌ ȓȐȚȍȘȖȑ «R» ȗȖ
ȈȋȍȕȚțȘȕȖȔț ȖȚȌȍȓț ȗȖșȖȓȤșȚȊȈ ǷȖșȖȓ ȗȐȠȍȚ ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ ȌȖȓȎ-
ȕȣ șȖȋȓȈșȖȊȈȚȤ șȊȖȦ ȌȍȧȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ ș ȌȍȧȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤȦ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȕȍ-
ȔȍȞȒȐȝ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȣȝ ȌȖȔȖȊ — «ǨȘȚțȘȈ ǸȖȌȗȍȓȧ», «ǽȐȓȤȔȈȕșȈ»,
«ǬȈȕȋȍȓȐȌȍȘȈ» Ȑ «ǪȐȚȔȈȕȈ-ǩȈțȥȘȕȈȔȍȘȈ».
— Ǫ ȟȤȐȝ ȘțȒȈȝ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȉȣȚȤ șȖșȘȍȌȖȚȖȟȍȕȈ ȥȚȈ ȘȈȉȖȚȈ"
— șȗȘȖșȐȓ ǪȖȚȈȕ
— Ǫ ȔȖȐȝ — ș ȋȘȖȔȒȐȔ șȔȍȝȖȔ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ǪȖȓȤȜ Ȑ Ƞȍȗ-
ȕțȓ — ǺȈȒȖȊ ȗȘȐȒȈȏ ǵȖ ȗȘȖșȚȐȚȍ ȌȖȘȖȋȖȑ ȠȍȜ Ȕȕȍ — ȕȍ-
ȌȖșțȋ ȇ ȝȖȟț ȘȈȏȊȓȍȟȤșȧ!
Ƕȕ ȕȍ ȌȖȎȐȌȈȧșȤ ȖȚȊȍȚȈ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓ șȘȈȏț ȗȖȚȍȘȧȊȠȍȋȖ ȕȈ-

31
șȚȘȖȍȕȐȍ ǪȖȚȈȕȈ Ȑ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȋȘțȗȗȍ ȔȖȓȖȌȣȝ ȜȓȖȚșȒȐȝ
ȖȜȐȞȍȘȖȊ ȊȍșȍȓȣȔ Ȑ ȠțȔȕȣȔ ȒȖȓȤȞȖȔ ȖȒȘțȎȈȊȠȐȝ ȊȣșȖ-
ȒȐȝ șȚȘȖȑȕȣȝ ȉȘȦȕȍȚȖȒ ș ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔȐ ȚȖȔȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȝ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȐ șȒȘȣȚȤ ȠȐȘȖȒȐȍ ȊȣȘȍȏȣ ȔȈșȖȒ ǯȈȔȍȚȐȊ
șȒȓȖȕȐȊȠȍȋȖșȧ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȐȔȐ Ȋ ȕȐȏȒȖȔ ȗȖȒȓȖȕȍ ǪȖȓȤȜȈ ȖȕȐ
ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ șȔțȚȐȓȐșȤ ȕȖ șȚȈȘȠȈȧ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ șȘȈȏț ȊȏȧȓȈ șȍȉȧ Ȋ
ȘțȒȐ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓȈ
— A-Ȉ ȕȈȠ ȟȍȔȗȐȖȕ ȚȍȕȕȐșȈ" ǶȟȍȕȤ ȘȈȌȈ Ǫȣ ȚȈȕȞțȍȚȍ"
— Ƕ ȌȈ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ǪȖȓȤȜ Ȑ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓ
ȘțȒț
— ǴȖȋț ȊȈș ȗȘȖșȐȚȤ ǵȐȕȈ ǫȍȖȘȋȐȍȊȕȈ"
ǵȐȕȈ ǫȍȖȘȋȐȍȊȕȈ ȊșȚȈȓȈ Ȑ ȗȈȘȈ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ țȔȟȈȓȈșȤ Ȋ
ȊȈȓȤșȍ
— Ǫȣ ȠțȚȐȚȍ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ǪȖȓȤȜ ȕȈȒȓȖȕȧȧșȤ Ȓ
țȝț șȊȖȍȑ ȌȈȔȣ Ȑ ȓȐȞȖ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȐȕȧȓȖ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖȍ Ȑ ȎȍșȚȖȒȖȍ
ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ — Ǫȣ Ȕȕȍ ȌȖșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚȍ șȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ ȋȖȌȕȣȍ ȚȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ Ȍȓȧ ȋȖȘȖȌșȒȐȝ șȗȓȍȚȕȐȞ ǪȈȠȐ ȗȖȒȓȖȕȕȐȒȐ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ
ȏȕȈȦȚ Ȗ ȌȍȓȈȝ ȕȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȐȏȊȖȏȟȐȒȈ șȚȖȧȡȍȋȖ ț ȗȖ-
ȌȢȍȏȌȈ șȖȉȘȈȕȐȧ Ǵȕȍ ȚȈȒȐȝ șȊȍȌȍȕȐȑ ȕȍ ȕțȎȕȖ Ǫȣ șȓȣȠȐ-
Țȍ" ǰ ȗȖȔȕȐȚȍ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȧ ȗȘȖȚȍșȚțȦ ȊȈȠȐ
ȊȍȒșȍȓȧ ǷțșȚȤ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȊȈȠ ȔțȎ țȏȕȈȍȚ, Ȍȓȧ ȒȖȋȖ Ȋȣ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȖȚ-
șțȚșȚȊȐȍ ȌȖȉȣȊȈȓȐ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ
ǵȐȕȈ ǫȍȖȘȋȐȍȊȕȈ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȈ ǪȖȓȤȜ ȌȖȊȍȓ ȍȍ ȌȖ ȍȍ ȔȍșȚȈ
Ȑ ȗȖșȈȌȐȊ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȍȍ șȍșȚȘȍ
ǪșȒȖȘȍ ȖȕȐ țȎȍ ȚȈȕȞȍȊȈȓȐ
— ǵț ȟȚȖ Ȏȍ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȜȐȋțȘȣ ȊȈȓȤșȈ ǪȖȓȤȜ
— Ǵȕȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȚȧȎȍȓȖ — ȗȘȖȠȍȗȚȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ
— ǶȚȟȍȋȖ Ȏȍ ȊȈȔ ȚȧȎȍȓȖ ǴȈȘȐȧ ǫȍȖȘȋȐȍȊȕȈ" — ș ȕȈșȔȍȠ-
ȒȖȑ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖșȍ șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȍȍ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ
— ǪȍȌȤ ȥȚȖ Ȏȍ ȗȘȍȌȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ Ȋ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȒȖȕȞȖȊ" — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ
ȖȕȈ
— ǷȘȍȌȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ" — ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓ Ȗȕ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȏȐȊ ȋȓțȉȖȟȈȑ-
Ƞȍȍ ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȐȍ — ǷȖȟȍȔț ȗȘȍȌȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ" ȇ — ȟȓȍȕ Ȗȉȡȍ-
șȚȊȈ ȔȐȘȈ Ȑ ȐȏțȟȈȦ șȚȈȚȐșȚȐȒț ȊȖȖȘțȎȍȕȕȣȝ șȐȓ Ȑ ȏȈȚȘȈȚ
ȕȈ ȕȐȝ ȊȖ Ȋșȍȝ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȈȝ Ǵȕȍ ȕțȎȕȣ Țȍ șȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ ȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȍ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȖ șȟȐȚȈȍȚ șȊȖȍȑ ȚȈȑȕȖȑ ǪȖȚ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȅȚȖ ș ȕȈțȟ-
ȕȖȑ ȞȍȓȤȦ ȉȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ Ȍȓȧ ȗȖȓȤȏȣ ȊșȍȋȖ ȔȐȘȈ
— ǬȈ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ — ȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȉȣȓȖ ǴȈȘȐȧ ǫȍȖȘȋȐȍȊȕȈ

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ȕȖ ȍȍ ȗȍȘȍȉȐȓ ǪȖȓȤȜ
— DzȈȒȈȧ ȌȖșȈȌȈ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ — Ǵȕȍ ȗȘȍȌȓȈȋȈȦȚ ȥȚȐ șȊȍ-
ȌȍȕȐȧ Ȑȏ ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒȈ ȕȖ ȚȘȍȉțȦȚ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏ Țț șțȔȔț
ȕȈ ȒȈȒțȦ ȧ ȗȖȘțȟȐȓșȧ ȏȈ ȥȚȖȋȖ șȓȈȊȕȖȋȖ ȉȈȘȖȕȈ DzȓȍȑșȚȈ
ǪȍȌȤ ȗȖȎȈȓțȑ Ȗȕ șȓȍȚȐȚ șȖ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȔȍșȚȈ Ȋ șȓțȟȈȍ șȒȈȕȌȈ-
ȓȈ" DzȈȒ Ȋȣ ȌțȔȈȍȚȍ"
ǴȈȘȐȧ ǫȍȖȘȋȐȍȊȕȈ ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȓȈ Ȑ șȎȈȓȈ ȘțȒț șȊȖȍȋȖ ȒȈ-
ȊȈȓȍȘȈ
— ǩȖȋȈ ȘȈȌȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍ ȥȚȖ ȇ Ȋșȍ șȌȍȓȈȦ Ȋșȍ ǮȌȐȚȍ
Ȕȍȕȧ ȏȈȊȚȘȈ ț șȍȉȧ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȊȖșȤȔȐ ȊȍȟȍȘȈ
ǶȕȐ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȏȈȒȘțȎȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȊȈȓȤșȍ ǻșȈȌȐȊ șȊȖȦ ȌȈȔț ȕȈ
ȔȍșȚȖ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȚȖȓȒȈȓșȧ șȘȍȌȐ ȗȍȘȍȓȐȊȈȦȡȍȑșȧ Ȑȏ ȏȈȓȈ Ȋ
ȏȈȓ ȗțȉȓȐȒȐ țȓȣȉȈȓșȧ Ȑ ȒȓȈȕȧȓșȧ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȔ ȝȓȖȗȈȓ ȗȖ ȗȓȍ-
ȟț ȔȕȖȋȖȟȐșȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȍȑ Ȑ ȞȍȓȖȊȈȓ ȘțȟȒȐ ȌȈȔ ǭȋȖ
ȖȒȓȐȒȈȓȐ ȠțȚȐȓȐ ș ȕȐȔ ǴȈșȒȐ ȚȖ Ȑ ȌȍȓȖ ȖȒȘțȎȈȓȐ ǪȖȓȤ-
ȜȈ Ȑ ȗȖ șȊȍȘȒȈȦȡȐȔ Ȑ ȚȖȔȕȣȔ ȋȓȈȏȈȔ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ șțȌȐȚȤ,
ȟȚȖ șȚȘȖȑȕȣȑ ȒȘȈșȐȊȣȑ ȐȕȎȍȕȍȘ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ «ǨȘȚȐȋ Ȑ
Ǫȍȑș» ȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȓșȧ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ țșȗȍȝȖȔ șȘȍȌȐ ȔȍșȚȕȣȝ ȌȈȔ
ǹȚȈȘȣȑ ǪȖȚȈȕ șȓȍȌȐȓ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ Ȑ șȖ ȏȓȖȉȖȑ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȟȚȖ
ǪȖȓȤȜ ȗȘȖȎȐȊȠȐȑ Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȗȖȓȋȖȌȈ ȏȕȈȓ Ȋșȍȝ Ȑ Ȋșȍ
ȗȐȚȈȓȐ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȌȘțȎȍșȒȐȍ Ȑ ȌȖȊȍȘȟȐȊȣȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȈ
ǵȖ ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȕȈȘțȎȕȖȍ șȗȖȒȖȑșȚȊȐȍ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȜȘȐȊȖȓȤ-
ȕȣȑ ȊȐȌ ș ȒȈȒȐȔ ǪȖȓȤȜ ȏȈȐȋȘȣȊȈȓ ș ȔȈșȒȈȔȐ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȕȈ-
ȠȍȗȚȣȊȈȓ ȐȔ ȖȚ ȟȍȋȖ ȖȕȐ ȝȖȝȖȚȈȓȐ Ȑ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ șȔțȡȈȓȐșȤ
ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȊȣȗȐȓ ȚȘȐ ȉȖȒȈȓȈ ȠȈȔȗȈȕșȒȖȋȖ Ȑ Ȓț-
ȗȐȓ ȉțȚȖȕȤȍȘȒț ȞȊȍȚȖȊ — Ȗȕ ȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ ȐșȒȈȓ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ǷȖ ȊȘȍ-
ȔȍȕȈȔ Ȗȕ ȕȍȚȍȘȗȍȓȐȊȖ șȚȧȋȐȊȈȓ ȉȘȖȊȐ Ȑ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȍȋȖ
șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȐșȤ ȍȡȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȔȐ Ȑ ȉȍșȗȖȡȈȌȕȣȔȐ.
ǵȖ ȚȈ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ Ȗȕ ȖȎȐȌȈȓ ȗȘȐȍȝȈȓȈ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȗȖȏȌȕȖ ǶȕȈ ȊȖ-
ȠȓȈ Ȋ șȖȗȘȖȊȖȎȌȍȕȐȐ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȔțȎȈ ȕȐȏȍȕȤȒȖȋȖ șȈȕȖȊȕȖȋȖ
șȚȈȘȐȒȈ ȓȣșȖȋȖ Ȑ ȉȍșȗȖȔȖȡȕȖ ȊȖȓȖȟȈȡȍȋȖ ȕȖȋȐ
ȅȋȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȊȣșȖȒȈȧ ȊȍȓȐȟȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ șȓȖȎȍȕȕȈȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ
ș ȞȈȘșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ țȒȘȈȠȍȕȕȖȑ ȒȖȘȖȕȖȑ ȔȍȌȕȖ-ȒȘȈș-
ȕȣȝ ȊȖȓȖș ǫȓțȉȖȒȐȍ ȉȍȏ ȉȓȍșȒȈ ȒȈȘȐȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ șȗȖ-
ȒȖȑȕȖ Ȑ ȊȓȈșȚȕȖ Ȉ ȕȈ ȉȍȏȔȧȚȍȎȕȖȔ Ȑ ȋȖȘȌȖȔ ȓȐȞȍ ȒȈȏȈ-
ȓȖșȤ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȔȍȓȒȐȝ ȎȐȚȍȑșȒȐȝ Țțȟ Ȑ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȑ
ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ ȓȐȞȖ ȥȚȖ șȘȈȏț șȌȍȓȈȓȖșȤ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȔ ȏȈțȓȣȉȈȓȖșȤ
ȗȖȌȖȉȖșȚȘȈșȚȕȖȑ șȔțȡȍȕȕȖȑ țȓȣȉȒȖȑ Ȑ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȏȈȌȍȘȕțȓȐșȤ

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ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȌȣȔȒȖȑ Ȑ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȖȚȖȘȊȈȚȤșȧ ȖȚ ȚȖȋȖ ȒȚȖ ȗȘȐ-
ȊȓȍȒȈȓ Ȑȝ Ȓ șȍȉȍ ș ȚȈȒȖȑ șȐȓȖȑ
Ǫ ȘȈșșȚțȗȈȦȡȍȑșȧ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȐȔ ȚȖȓȗȍ Ƞȍȓ ȒȘȈșȐȊȣȑ șȚȈ-
ȘȐȒ ȌȍȘȎȈșȤ ȗȘȧȔȖ Ȑ ș ȌȖșȚȖȐȕșȚȊȖȔ ș ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȓȐȠȤ
ȘȖȌȐȚȤșȧ ǹȍȘȍȉȘȧȕȣȍ ȔȧȋȒȐȍ ȊȖȓȖșȣ ȓȍȎȈȓȐ ȒȘȈșȐȊȖȑ ȊȖȓ-
ȕȖȑ ȕȈ ȗȖȘȖȌȐșȚȖȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ Ȉ șȍȌȣȍ ȉȈȒȍȕȉȈȘȌȣ ȗȈȌȈȓȐ ȕȈ
șȦȘȚțȒ ǹȚȈȘȐȒ ȌȍȘȎȈ ȗȖȌ ȘțȒț ǪȖȓȤȜȈ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȍȔț ș ȗȘȐ-
ȊȍȚȓȐȊȖȑ țȓȣȉȒȖȑ
— ǶȟȍȕȤ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȦ ȊȈș DzȈȘȓ ǽȘȐșȚȖȜȖȘȖȊȐȟ
ȏȈ ȓȦȉȍȏȕȖ ȗȘȐșȓȈȕȕțȦ Ȕȕȍ ȒȖȓȓȍȒȞȐȦ ȥȚȐȝ ȟțȌȕȣȝ ȜȘȈȕ-
ȞțȏșȒȐȝ ȗȐȒȈȕȚȕȣȝ ȒȈȘȚȖȟȍȒ ǹȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȧ ȊȈȔ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ"
— Ƕ ȗȖȔȐȓțȑȚȍ — ȊȖȏȘȈȎȈȓ ș ȗȖȒȓȖȕȖȔ ǪȖȓȤȜ — ȇ șȓț-
ȟȈȑȕȖ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȌȈȘȖȔ ȗȘȐȖȉȘȍȓ ȥȚȖ Ȋ ǷȈȘȐȎȍ ȒțȌȈ ȍȏȌȐȓ Ȑȏ
dzȖȕȌȖȕȈ ȗȖ ȌȍȓȈȔ ȜȐȘȔȣ ȋȌȍ ȧ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ șȓțȎȐȓ ǪȍȌȤ ȧ —
ȊȖȓȤȕȈȧ Ȑ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȕȍȗȖșȍȌȓȐȊȈȧ ȗȚȐȞȈ ǹȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȧ — ȏȌȍșȤ Ȉ
ȏȈȊȚȘȈ — ȚȈȔ Ǵȕȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȗȘȐȧȚȕȖ ȏȕȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ț ȊȈș ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȧ ȚȈȒ ȗȖȟȐȚȈȦ ȖșȚȈȕȍȚșȧ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ ȖȉȖ Ȕȕȍ ȗȈȔȧȚ-
ȒȈ ǹȈȕȖȊȕȣȑ șȚȈȘȐȒ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ ȗȖȎȈȓ ȘțȒț ǪȖȓȤȜț ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ
țȓȣȉȕțȓșȧ ȍȔț Ȉ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ
— Mais, mon cher ǪȖȓȤȜ ǪȍȌȤ ȥȚȖ Ȏȍ ǨȘȚȍȔȐȌȈ ȉȖȎȍșȚ-
ȊȍȕȕȈȧ ǬȐȈȕȈ-ȖȝȖȚȕȐȞȈ ǰȌȍȔ ǰȌȍȔ
DzȘȈșȈȊȐȞȈ ȕȈȏȊȈȕȕȈȧ ǨȘȚȍȔȐȌȖȑ ȗȖȒȓȖȕȐȓȈșȤ șȚȈȘȐ-
Ȓț Ȑ ȗȖȒȈ ȍȍ ȔțȎ ȓȍȉȍȏȐȓ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȐȔ ȖȕȈ ȗȖȌȈȓȈ ȘțȒț ǪȖȓȤ-
Ȝț Ȉ Ȗȕ ȞȍȓȖȊȈȓ ȍȍ ȌȖȓȋȐȔ ȗȖȞȍȓțȍȔ
— ǬȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ — ȠȍȗȕțȓȈ ȖȕȈ
— ȇ ȗȤȧȕ — ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȠȍȗȖȚȖȔ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ — ȇ ȗȤȧȕ
ȊȈȠȐȔ ȊȐȌȖȔ ȇ șȝȖȎț ș țȔȈ
Ƕȕ Ȋȏȧȓ ȍȍ ȗȖȌ ȘțȒț Ȑ ȖȕȐ ȗȖȠȓȐ Ȋ ȉțȜȍȚ ȋȌȍ ȉȣȓ țșȚ-
ȘȖȍȕ «ȉȈȘ», ǪȖȓȤȜ ȔȐȋȕțȓ ȉțȜȍȚȟȐȒț Ȑ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȓ
— ȀȍȘȘȐ-ȒȖȉȓȍȘ ȗȖ ȔȖȍȔț ȘȍȞȍȗȚț
ǷȖȒȈ ȉțȜȍȚȟȐȒ ȔȍȠȈȓ ȒȖȕȤȧȒ ș ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȔȐ ȓȐȒȍȘȈȔȐ
Ȑ ȠȈȔȗȈȕșȒȐȔ Ȑ ȗȘȐȉȈȊȓȧȓ Ȓ ȥȚȖȑ ȒȘȍȗȒȖȑ șȔȍșȐ ȊȔȍșȚȖ
ȓȤȌȈ ȏȈȔȖȘȖȎȍȕȕȣȍ șȓȐȊȒȐ Ȑ ȔȈȓȐȕȖȊȣȑ șȐȘȖȗ ǪȖȓȤȜ ȋȖ-
ȊȖȘȐȓ ǨȘȚȍȔȐȌȍ
— ȇ ȝȖȟț ȔȖȓȐȚȤșȧ ȊȈȔ ȉȖȋȐȕȧ ȕȖ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȚȍȔ ȧ ȝȖȟț
ȗȘȖȒȓȐȕȈȚȤ ȊȈș Ǫȣ ȖȚȕȧȓȐ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȒȖȑ șȖȕ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȤ
ȘȈȉȖȚȈȚȤ ǴȣșȓȐ ȔȖȐ Ȑ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȧ șȒȖȊȈȕȣ Ȉ ȊȖȓȧ ȔȖȧ ȘȈș-

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șȍȧȓȈșȤ ȒȈȒ ȚțȔȈȕ ǯȈȟȍȔ Ȋȣ ȔțȟȈȍȚȍ Ȕȍȕȧ" ǬȖȓȋȖ ȓȐ Ȋȣ
ȉțȌȍȚȍ ȐȋȘȈȚȤ ȔȕȖȦ"
ǸȣȎȈȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȔȖȓȟȈ șȓțȠȈȓȈ ǶȕȈ ȏȈȒȐȕțȓȈ ȋȖȓȖȊț
Ȑ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ țȗȐȊȈȓȈșȤ șȚȘȈșȚȕȣȔ ȠȍȗȖȚȖȔ ǪȖȓȤȜȈ Ȑ ȊȏȌȘȖȋ-
ȕțȓȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ șȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȍȍ ȘțȒț Ȑ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ șȎȈȓ ȍȍ ǶȕȈ Ȋȏȋȓȧ-
ȕțȓȈ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ Ȑ ȗȘȖȟȓȈ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȘȈșȠȐȘȐȊȠȐȝșȧ ȏȘȈȟȒȈȝ ȎȍȓȈ-
ȕȐȍ Ȑ ȘȍȠȐȔȖșȚȤ
— ǷȐȚȤ — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ șȒȊȖȏȤ ȏțȉȣ
ǪȖȓȤȜ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓ ȍȑ ȉȖȒȈȓ Ȑ ȖȕȈ ȗȖȟȚȐ șȘȈȏț ȊȣȚȧȕțȓȈ
ȠȍȘȘȐ-ȒȖȉȓȍȘ ȟȍȘȍȏ șȖȓȖȔȐȕȒț
— ǭȡȍ — ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȓ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ
ǰ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȧ ȖȕȐ ȗȐȓȐ ȉȖȒȈȓ ȏȈ ȉȖȒȈȓȖȔ
ȗȖȒȈ ȓȐȞȖ ǨȘȚȍȔȐȌȣ ȕȍ ȗȖȉȓȍȌȕȍȓȖ Ȉ ȕȈ ȕȍȔ ȉȈȋȘȖȊȣȔ ȗȧȚ-
ȕȖȔ ȒȈȒ șȊȍȎȈȧ ȘȈȕȈ ȊȣșȚțȗȐȓȐ ȋțȉȣ ǫȓȈȏȈ ȍȍ ȗȣȓȈȓȐ ȗȖ-
ȟȚȐ ȎȋȓȐ
— ȇ ȝȖȟț ȕȈ ȔȖȘȖȏ — ȒȘȐȒȕțȓȈ ȖȕȈ Ȑ ȘȈșșȔȍȧȓȈșȤ Ȕȍȓ-
ȒȐȔ ȌȘȈȏȕȧȡȐȔ șȔȍȝȖȔ ǶȕȈ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȉȍȎȈȓȈ ȘȈșȚȈȓȒȐȊȈȧ
ȋțȓȧȦȡȐȝ ȗȖ ȏȈȓț ȔȈșȖȒ ǬȖȉȍȎȈȊ ȌȖ ȏȐȔȕȍȋȖ șȈȌȈ ȖȕȈ ȖȚ-
ȒȘȣȓȈ ȌȊȍȘȤ Ȑ ȊȣȉȍȎȈȓȈ ȕȈ ȊȍȘȈȕȌț ȊȣȝȖȌȧȡțȦ Ȋ șȈȌ ȚȍȘ-
ȘȈșȈȔȐ șȗțșȒȈȦȡȐȑșȧ Ȓ ȔȖȘȦ
— Ǫȣ ȗȘȖșȚțȌȐȚȍșȤ! — ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ȌȖȋȕȈȊ ȍȍ ǪȖȓȤȜ
— ǵȍȚ — ȗȖȒȈȟȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ Ȑ șȚȖȧȓȈ Ȋ ȓȍȋȒȖȔ ȗȓȈ-
ȚȤȍ ș ȖȚȒȘȣȚȖȑ ȋȘțȌȤȦ Ȑ ȗȓȍȟȈȔȐ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ Ȑ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȍȕȕȖ
ȌȣȠȈ
— Ǵȕȍ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ Ƕȕ ȕȈȒȐȕțȓ ȕȈ ȗȓȍ-
ȟȐ ǨȘȚȍȔȐȌȣ șȗțșȚȐȊȠțȦșȧ șȖȉȖȓȤȦ ȕȈȒȐȌȒț Ȑ ȖȉȕȧȊ ȌȘȖ-
ȎȈȡțȦ ȖȚ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȝȖȓȖȌȈ ȎȍȕȡȐȕț ȗȘȐȎȈȓ Ȓ ȋȘțȌȐ —
ǺȈȒ ȊȈȔ ȉțȌȍȚ Țȍȗȓȍȍ
ǨȘȚȍȔȐȌȈ ȗȘȐȎȈȓȈșȤ Ȓ ȕȍȔț Ȑ ȊȏȧȊ ȍȋȖ ȘțȒȐ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȓȈ
Ȓ șȍȉȍ ȕȈ ȗȓȍȟȐ
ǷȖȚȖȔ ȊȌȘțȋ ȘȊȈȕțȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓȈ
— ǽȖȟț ȟȍȋȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȉȍȏțȔȕȖȋȖ ǹȓȣȠȐȚȍ"
— ǽȖȘȖȠȖ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ Ȑ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȟȍȔ ȖȕȈ ȔȖȋ-
ȓȈ ȖȗȖȔȕȐȚȤșȧ Ȗȕ șȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȍȍ ȕȈ ȘțȒȐ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȒȈȒ ȔȈȓȍȕȤ-
ȒțȦ ȌȍȊȖȟȒț Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓ șȉȍȋȈȚȤ ș ȋȖȘȣ ȊȕȐȏ Ȓ ȔȖȘȦ
— ȇ ȊȈș ȗȖȊȍȏț ȕȈ ȉțȍȘȍ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ Ȗȕ ȗȘȍȘȣȊȈȦȡȐȔșȧ
ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȟțȊșȚȊțȧ, ȒȈȒ Ȋșȍ șȐȓȤȕȍȍ Ȑ Țȍșȕȍȍ ȗȘȐȎȐȔȈȍȚșȧ Ȓ
ȕȍȔț ǨȘȚȍȔȐȌȈ ș ȉȓȍȌȕȣȔ ȓȐȞȖȔ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ șȎȈȚȣȔȐ ȋțȉȈȔȐ

35
Ȑ ȚțȔȈȕȧȡȐȔȐșȧ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ
Ƕȕ țșȈȌȐȓ ȍȍ ȕȈ ȉțȍȘ ȗȘȐȒȘȣȓ ȓȍȎȈȡȍȑ ȊȖȓȟȤȍȑ ȠȒț-
ȘȖȑ Ȑ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȗȈȘțș ǹȊȍȎȐȑ ȊȍȚȍȘ ȗȖȌȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȓȍȋȒȖȍ șțȌȕȖ
Ȑ ȖȕȖ ș ȊȐȏȋȖȔ ȗȖȓȖȏȤȍȊ ȠțȘȠȈ ȗȍȘȍȒȐȌȣȊȈȍȔȣȔ ș ȉȖȘȚȈ
ȕȈ ȉȖȘȚ ȗȈȘțșȖȔ ȗȖȕȍșȓȖșȤ ȗȖ ȓȍȌȧȕȖȑ ȋȓȈȌȐ ȏȈȓȐȊȈ ǷȖ-
ȘȖȑ ȗȖȌ ȕȐȔȐ ȕȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓȖșȤ ȖȗȖȘȣ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȕȈ ȕȍȘȖȊȕȖ-
șȚȧȝ ȓȤȌȈ ȐȓȐ ȕȈ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȐȝ șțȋȘȖȉȈȝ ȊȍȚȍȘ ȗȖȌȝȊȈȚȣȊȈȓ
ȉțȍȘ Ȑ ȕȍș ȍȋȖ ȗȖ ȊȖȏȌțȝț ǪȖȓȤȜ ȗȘȈȊȐȓ ȔȈșȚȍȘșȒȐ Ȑ ȌȖ-
Ȋȍȓ ȒȘțȎȈ ȗȖ ȏȈȓȐȊț ȉțȍȘ ȌȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȔȍșȚȈ ȋȌȍ țȎȍ ȗȖȘȚȖȊȣȍ
ȓȍȌȖȒȖȓȣ ȘȈȏȉȐȊȈȓȐ ȓȍȌ ǺȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȕȈȗȘȈȊ-
ȓȧȚȤ șȈȕȒȐ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖ Ȑ ȕȍșșȧ ș ȚȈȒȖȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖȚȖȑ ȟȚȖ ȓȍȚȧ-
ȡȐȍ șȕȍȎȐȕȒȐ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȡȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ șȗȓȖȠȕȣȍ ȉȍȓȣȍ ȗȖȓȖșȣ
ȔȟȈȡȐȍșȧ ȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ Ȑ ȊȘȍȏȈȦȡȐȍșȧ Ȋ ȏȍȔȓȦ Ȋ țȠȈȝ șȊȐșȚȍȓ
ȊȍȚȍȘ ȗȘȖȕȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȊȐȏȎȈȓȐ ȗȖȓȖȏȤȧ Ȑ șȒȘȐȗȍȓȈ ȔȈȟȚȈ ș
ȋțȌȧȡȐȔ ȖȚ ȕȈȚțȋȐ ȗȈȘțșȖȔ ȓȖȊȧȡȐȔ ȊȍȚȍȘ
— ǭȡȍ ǭȡȍ — țȔȖȓȧȓȈ ǨȘȚȍȔȐȌȈ ȗȘȐȎȐȔȈȧșȤ ȘȈȏȋȖ-
ȘȍȊȠȐȔșȧ ȓȐȞȖȔ Ȓ ȘțȒȍ ǪȖȓȤȜȈ
ǵȖ Ȗȕ ȕȍ șȓțȠȈȓ Ȑ ȏȈȊȍȘȕțȊ ȍȍ Ȋ ȠȒțȘț ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ ȊȊȍȘȝ
ȗȖ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȍ ȌȖȕȍș ȍȍ ȌȖ ȉȖȒȖȊȖȋȖ ȗȖȌȢȍȏȌȈ ǹȖȉȘȈȕȐȧ țșȈ-
ȌȐȓ Ȋ șȚȖȧȡțȦ ȗȘȖȓȍȚȒț Ȑ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ
— ǪȕȐȏ ȗȖ ǹȊȍȚȓȈȕșȒȖȑ ǮȐȊȖ
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȐȕțȚ ȖȕȐ ȉȣȓȐ ț ȌȖȔȈ ȋȌȍ ȎȐȓȈ ǨȘ-
ȚȍȔȐȌȈ ǶȕȐ ȖȚȒȘȣȓȐ ȌȊȍȘȐ ȕȍ ȉțȌȧ ȗȘȐșȓțȋț Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȊȖ-
ȠȓȐ Ȋ ȉțȌțȈȘ ȖȕȈ ȝȖȚȍȓȈ ȏȈȎȍȟȤ ȓȈȔȗț ȕȖ ǪȖȓȤȜ ȉȘȖșȐȓ-
șȧ Ȓ ȕȍȑ Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȖșȣȗȈȚȤ ȗȖȞȍȓțȧȔȐ ȍȍ ȋțȉȣ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȋȘțȌȤ Ȑ
ȕȖȋȐ ǶȕȈ Ȋ ȐȏȕȍȔȖȎȍȕȐȐ țȗȈȓȈ ȕȈ ȒțȠȍȚȒț Ȑ ȊȌȘțȋ șȝȊȈ-
ȚȐȓȈșȤ ȏȈ ȋȘțȌȤ ǪȖȓȤȜ șȘȈȏț țșȗȖȒȖȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ
șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ Țț ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȑ ȚȖȔț ȕȈȏȈȌ
șȎȐȋȈȓ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȗȖȞȍȓțȧȔȐ ǫȖȓȖȊȈ ǨȘȚȍȔȐȌȣ șȊȍșȐȓȈșȤ ș Ȓț-
ȠȍȚȒȐ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȉȍȏȎȐȏȕȍȕȕȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ ȍȍ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ șȗȖȓȏȈȓȖ ȕȈ
ȏȍȔȓȦ
ǪȖȓȤȜ țȊȍȘȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȠȈȋȈȔȐ ȗȘȖȠȍȓ Ȋ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚ Ȑ ȖȋȓȧȌȍȓ
ȍȋȖ ǷȖȚȖȔ Ȗȕ ȖȚȒȘȣȓ ȓȍȎȈȡțȦ ȕȈ șȚȖȓȍ ȗȈȗȒț Ȑ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ
ȕȈ ȗȍȘȊțȦ șȊȍȘȝț ȉțȔȈȋț
ǴțȎ ǨȘȚȍȔȐȌȣ ȊȐȌȕȖ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȈ ȗȖȓțșȓȖȊȍ ȗȘȍȘȊȈȓ ȊȈȎ-
ȕȣȑ ȌȖȒȓȈȌ Ȑ șȓȖȎȐȊ Ȋșȍ șȍȒȘȍȚȕȣȍ ȉțȔȈȋȐ Ȋ ȗȈȗȒț ȖșȚȈ-
ȊȐȓ ȍȍ ȕȈ șȚȖȓȍ Ȑ țȍȝȈȓ ș ȎȍȕȖȦ ȕȈ ȉȈȓ
ǪȖȓȤȜ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȓȐșȚȈȓ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȉț-

36
ȔȈȋȐ ȏȈȗȐșȈȓ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȞȐȜȘ Ȑ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ șȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ ȏȈȚȍȔ
ȊȖȠȍȓ Ȋ ȉțȌțȈȘ ȋȌȍ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȗȘȐȊȖȌȐȚȤ Ȋ ȟțȊșȚȊȖ ǨȘȚȍȔȐȌț
— ǪȈȔ ȌȖȘȖȋȈȧ ȓȦȉȐȔȈȧ ȕȈȌȖ ȗȖȏȈȉȖȚȐȚȤșȧ Ȗ șȊȖȍȔ
ȏȌȖȘȖȊȤȍ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖȡȈȧșȤ șțȝȐȔ Ȑ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȔ ȋȖȓȖ-
șȖȔǪȣȑȌȧ ȕȈ țȓȐȞț Ȗȕ șȍȓ Ȋ ȗȘȖȓȍȚȒț Ȑ ȏȈȒȘȣȊȠȐșȤ ȗȖ-
ȓȖșȚȤȦ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ
— Ǫ ǴȖȘșȒȖȍ ǹȖȉȘȈȕȐȍ
ǪȖȓȤȜ ȖȚȣșȒȈȓ șȊȖȦ Ƞțȉț Ȑ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ ȗȖȍȝȈȓ ȌȖȔȖȑ
Ǫ șȊȖȍȔ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚȍ Ȗȕ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȌȖ țȚȘȈ ȗȐșȈȓ ȌȓȐȕȕțȦ ȉț-
ȔȈȋț ȗȘȖșȧ ȗȘȍȌȖșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȗȖșȚȈȊȒț ȞȍȔȍȕȚȈ «ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖ
ȒȘȍȌȐȚȖșȗȖșȖȉȕȖȑ Ȑ ȕȈȌȍȎȕȖȑ ȕȈ ǬȈȓȤȕȍȔ ǪȖșȚȖȒȍ ȜȐȘȔȍ
“ǨȘȚȐȋ Ȑ Ǫȍȑș” ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȚȤ Ȓ ȚȖȔț Ȏȍ Ȟȍȕȣ
ȕȍ ȗȘȍȊȣȠȈȦȡȐȍ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȖȌȖȉȘȍȕȕȣȝ șȚȘȖȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȒȖ-
ȔȐșșȐȍȑ».
ǷȘȖȊȍȘȐȊ ȍȡȍ ȘȈȏ Ȋșȍ ȞȐȜȘȣ Ȋ șȊȖȍȑ ȉțȔȈȋȍ ș ȏȈȗȐșȈȕ-
ȕȣȔȐ Ȋ ȌȖȔȍ ǨȘȚȍȔȐȌȣ ǪȖȓȤȜ ȕȈȗȐșȈȓ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȔȔț Ȋ ǩȍȘ-
ȓȐȕ ǼȈȝȋȍȑȔț:
«ǼȐȘȔȈ ȐșȗȖȓȕȧȧ ȗȘȍȌȗȐșȈȕȐȧ ȗȖȚȍȘȗȐȚ ȕȈ ȗȖșȚȈȊȒȍ
ȞȍȔȍȕȚȈ ȊȖșȍȔȤȌȍșȧȚ ȠȍșȚȤ Țȣșȧȟ Șțȉȓȍȑ țȉȣȚȒȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ
ȗȘȖȠț ȊȖșșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȤ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȋȈȔȉțȘȋșȒȖȑ ȒȖȕȚȖȘȍ».
DzȖȋȌȈ ǪȖȓȤȜ ȏȈȒȖȕȟȐȓ șȊȖȦ ȘȈȉȖȚț Ȑ ȚȡȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȊȣȔȈ-
ȘȣȊȈȓ Ȑȏ ȏȈȗȐșȕȖȑ ȒȕȐȎȒȐ ȌȖȉȣȚȣȍ ț ǨȘȚȍȔȐȌȣ șȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ
Ȗȕ șȓȣȠȈȓ, ȒȈȒ șȖ ȏȊȖȕȖȔ ȉțȉȍȕȟȐȒȖȊ ș ȒȘȐȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ș ȗȍȕȐȍȔ
ȘȈȏȢȍȏȎȈȓȐșȤ ș ȉȈȓȈ Ȋ ǹȖȉȘȈȕȐȐ ȏȈȗȖȏȌȈȊȠȐȍ ȒțȚȧȡȐȍ ȒȖȔ-
ȗȈȕȐȐ
V
ǷȖȓțȟȍȕȕȣȑ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȣȔ ȌȖȔȖȔ «ǨȘȚȐȋ Ȑ Ǫȍȑș» ȗȖȌȘȧȌ
ȕȈ ȗȖșȚȈȊȒț ȞȍȔȍȕȚȈ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȓ ǪȖȓȤȜȈ șȖȊȍȘȠȐȚȤ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ȗȖȍȏȌȖȒ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȐȊȠȐȝ ȍȔț ȉȓȐȏȒȖ ȗȖȏȕȈȒȖȔȐȚȤșȧ ș ȘȈȏ-
ȓȐȟȕȣȔȐ ȋȖȘȖȌȈȔȐ Ȋ ǷȘȐȈȔțȘȤȍ Ȑ Ȋ ǴȈȕȟȎțȘȐȐ ǶșȖȉȍȕ-
ȕȖ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȍȏȌȒȈ Ȋ ǴȈȕȟȎțȘȐȦ Ȋ ȈȊȋțșȚȍ 
ȋȖȌȈ

37
ǵȈȒȈȕțȕȍ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȖȚȢȍȏȌȈ ǪȖȓȤȜ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ Ȓ ǪȖȚȈȕț Ȑ șȗȘȖ-
șȐȓ
— ǬȈȑȚȍ Ȕȕȍ ȗȐșȤȔȈ Ȓ ȊȈȠȐȔ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȔ Ȋ ǴȈȕȟȎțȘȐȐ
ȧ țȍȏȎȈȦ
— ǯȈȑȌȐȚȍ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȗȖȓȟȈșȈ, — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ǪȖȚȈȕ, — Ȋșȍ ȉțȌȍȚ
ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȓȍȕȖ
ǪȖȓȤȜ ȒȐȊȕțȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ Ȑ ȊȣȠȍȓ Ȋ ȟȍȘȚȍȎȕțȦ ǿȍȘȍȏ
ȗȖȓȟȈșȈ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȐȋȓȈșȐȓ Ȓ șȍȉȍ ǪȖȚȈȕ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȓ ȍȔț ȗȐșȤȔȈ
Ȓ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȖȔț ȒȖȕșțȓț ǴȦȓȓȍȘț Ȋ ǽȈȘȉȐȕȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍ-
ȓȦ «ǨȘȚȐȋ Ȑ Ǫȍȑș» Ȋ ǷȖȘȚ-ǨȘȚțȘȍ — ǪȍȓȦ Ȑ ȧȗȖȕșȒȖȔț Ȓțȗ-
Ȟț ǴȈȕȈȒȐ Ȋ ǰȕȒȖț ǹȗȘȧȚȈȊ ȗȐșȤȔȈ Ȋ ȒȈȘȔȈȕ șȦȘȚțȒȈ
ǪȖȓȤȜ ȗȖȎȈȓ șȚȈȘȐȒț ȘțȒț Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǵȈȔ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ șȒȖȘȖ ȗȘȐȌȍȚșȧ șȣȋȘȈȚȤ ȐșȚȖȘȐȟȍșȒțȦ
ȘȖȓȤ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ ǪȖȚȈȕ" ǪȘȍȔȧ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȐȚ
— ǫȖșȗȖȌȐȕ ǪȖȓȤȜ — ș ȗȘȍȏȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ țȓȣȉȒȖȑ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ
ǪȖȚȈȕ — Ȋȣ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȍȡȍ ȗȓȖȝȖ ȌȍȘȎȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȕȖȋȈȝ ȒȖȋ-
ȌȈ ȜȐȘȔȍ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȖșȤ ȐȋȘȈȚȤ ȘȖȓȤ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ Ȋȣ ȐȔȍ-
ȕțȍȚȍ ȐșȚȖȘȐȟȍșȒȖȑ
— ǵț ȌȈ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ — ȘȈșșȍȧȕȕȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓ
ǪȖȓȤȜ — ǵȍ ȉțȌȍȔ șȗȖȘȐȚȤ ȕȈ ȗȘȖȡȈȕȤȍ
ǶȕȐ ȘȈșșȚȈȓȐșȤ ȌȘțȎȍȓȦȉȕȖ ȕȖ, ȒȖȋȌȈ ȏȈ ǪȖȓȤȜȖȔ ȏȈȒ-
ȘȣȓȈșȤ ȌȊȍȘȤ șȚȈȘȣȑ ǪȖȚȈȕ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȍȍ ȊȏȌȖȝȕțȓ
ǪȖȓȤȜ Ȏȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȕȍ ȌțȔȈȓ Ȗ ǪȖȚȈȕȍ Ƕȕ ȍȝȈȓ ȕȈ ȊȖȒȏȈȓ Ȑ
Ȋșȍ ȔȣșȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȉȣȓȐ ȚȈȔ ȋȌȍ Ȗȕ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȏȈȚȍȧȚȤ ȕȖȊȖȍ
Ȑ ȖȉȠȐȘȕȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ Ǫ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ Ȗȕ ȔȈȓȖ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȓ Ȑȏ șȊȖȍȋȖ Ȓțȗȍ
Ȑ ȗȖȟȚȐ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȗȈȓ
ǷȘȐȍȝȈȊ Ȋ ǽȈȘȉȐȕ ǪȖȓȤȜ ȧȊȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȖȔț ȒȖȕșț-
ȓț ǷȘȖȟȐȚȈȊ ȗȐșȤȔȖ ǪȖȚȈȕȈ ȚȖȓșȚȣȑ ǴȦȓȓȍȘ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓ ȒȈ-
ȗȐȚȈȕȈ ș ȘȈșȗȘȖșȚȍȘȚȣȔȐ ȖȉȢȧȚȐȧȔȐ.
— Ǭȓȧ ȊȈș ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȝȘȈȕȐȚșȧ ȋȘțȏ ȗȘȐșȓȈȕ-
ȕȣȑ ȕȈ ȊȈȠȍ ȐȔȧ Ȑȏ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȖȋȖ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȠȚȈȉȈ
— Ǩ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȍșȚ" — ȗȖȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ǪȖȓȤȜ
— ǬȊȍȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȒȖȕșțȓ
— ǺȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȊȈȔ ȔȖȋț șȖȖȉȡȐȚȤ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕțȦ ȕȖȊȖșȚȤ ȊȈȠȍ
ȗȘȍȊȖșȝȖȌȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ — țȓȣȉȕțȓșȧ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ — ǪȖȑȕȈ ȇȗȖȕȐȐ
ș ǸȖșșȐȍȑ ȘȍȠȍȕȈ
— ȇ ȥȚȖ ȏȕȈȦ, — Ƞȍȗȕțȓ Ȑ ș ȝȐȚȘȣȔ ȊȐȌȖȔ ȗȖȒȈȟȈȓ ȋȖ-
ȓȖȊȖȑ ȒȖȕșțȓ — ǯȕȈȦ ȏȕȈȦ

38
— Ǫȣ ȘȈȏȘȍȠȐȚȍ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȖȎȐȚȤ Ȋ ȊȈȠȍȔ ȌȖȔȍ ȚȘȐ Ȍȕȧ"
— șȗȘȖșȐȓ ǪȖȓȤȜ Ȑ ȕȍ ȌȖȎȐȌȈȧșȤ ȖȚȊȍȚȈ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ — ȇ
ȌȖȓȎȍȕ șȖȋȓȈșȕȖ ȗȘȍȌȗȐșȈȕȐȦ țșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȤ Ȋ ȊȈȠȍȔ ȌȖȔȍ
ȘȈȌȐȖȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜ ȗȘȐ ȗȖȔȖȡȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȒȓȍȘȒȖȊ ȕȈ-
ȠȍȋȖ ȏȌȍȠȕȍȋȖ ȔȈȋȈȏȐȕȈ ȖȚșȦȌȈ ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȊȈȚȤ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȔ-
Ȕȣ ȗȖ ȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȦ ǶȉșȓțȎȐȊȈȦȡȐȍ ȧȗȖȕȞȍȊ șȚȈȕȞȐȐ ȉț-
ȌțȚ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚȤșȧ ȗȖ ȖȉȍȐȔ șȚȖȘȖȕȈȔ ȗȖȓȖșȣ ȖȚȟțȎȌȍȕȐȧ DzȐ-
ȚȈȑșȒȖȑ-ǪȖșȚȖȟȕȖȑ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȖȑ ȌȖȘȖȋȐ
ǬȊȈ Ȍȕȧ ȉȍȏ ȖȚȌȣȝȈ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓ ǪȖȓȤȜ Ȋ ȚȍȔȕȖȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ
ȗȘȐșȚȘȖȑȒȐ Ȓ ȌȖȔț ȒȖȕșțȓȈ ǭȔț ȗȖȔȖȋȈȓ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȕȍșț-
ȘȈȏȕȣȑ ȕȍȔȍȞ șȓțȎȐȊȠȐȑ Ȋ ǽȈȘȉȐȕȍ ț «ǨȘȚȐȋ Ȑ ǪȍȑșȈ» Ȑ
ȖȒȈȏȈȊȠȐȑșȧ ȏȈȗȈșȕȣȔ ȒȖȕȌțȒȚȖȘȖȔ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȖȋȖ ȜȓȖȚȈ ȏȕȈȦ-
ȡȐȔ țșȚȈȕȖȊȒț Ȑ ȗȘȐȔȍȕȍȕȐȍ ȗȍȘȍȕȖșȕȣȝ ȘȈȌȐȖȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜ-
ȕȣȝ șȚȈȕȞȐȑ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȘȈȉȖȚȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȏȈȒȖȕȟȍȕȈ ǪȖȓȤȜ Ȋ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊȐȐ ȒȖȕ-
șțȓȈ ȗȖȌȈȓ șȐȋȕȈȓ ǭȔț ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȍȒțȕȌ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȒȚȖ-
ȚȖ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȖȑ ȜȘȈȏȖȑ
— ǷȘȐȕȧȚȖ — ȏȈȔȖȓȒȕȐȚȍ ȌȖ ȊȖȑȕȣ
ǪȖȓȤȜ ș ȌȍȓȖȊȐȚȣȔ ȊȐȌȖȔ ȗȖȎȈȓ ȘțȒț ȒȖȕșțȓț Ȑ ȒȓȍȘȒț
Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȖȌȍȊȈȚȤșȧ
ǪȣȝȖȌȧ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȓȖȎȐȓ ȘțȒț Ȓ Ƞȓȧȗȍ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǵȈȌȍȦșȤ ȟȚȖ ȗȖșȚ ȹ  ȖȗȘȈȊȌȈȍȚ ȌȖȊȍȘȐȍ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤ-
șȚȊȈ
Ǫ ȋȖȓȖșȍ ǪȖȓȤȜȈ ȏȊțȟȈȓȐ ȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȕȖȚȣ Ȑ ȖȉȈ —
Ȑ ȒȖȕșțȓ ǴȦȓȓȍȘ Ȑ ȕȍșțȘȈȏȕȣȑ ȒȓȍȘȒ ǷȍȚȞ — ȗȖȟȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ
ȗȖȒȓȖȕȐȓȐșȤ ȗȘȖȊȖȎȈȧ ȍȋȖ
Ǩ ǪȖȓȤȜ ȊȣȑȌȧ ȖȚ ȒȖȕșțȓȈ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȊȌȖȓȤ ȗȖȓȖȚȕȈ Ȏȍ-
ȓȍȏȕȖȑ ȌȖȘȖȋȐ Ȋȏȧȓ ȏȈ ȊȖȒȏȈȓȖȔ ȐȏȊȖȏȟȐȒȈ Ȑ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȓ Ȋȍȏ-
ȚȐ șȍȉȧ Ȋ ȔȈȋȈȏȐȕ «ǨȘȚȐȋ Ȑ Ǫȍȑș» ǯȌȍșȤ Ȗȕ ȊȣȏȊȈȓ țȗȘȈȊ-
ȓȧȦȡȍȋȖ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȍȔț ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȔȈȋȈȏȐȕ ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȘȐșȓȈȕ ȋȘțȏ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȑ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖ ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȚȤ ǪȖȚȈȕț ȖȏȈȉȖȚȐȊ-
ȠȐșȤ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȚȍȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȖ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȐ ȚȈȔȖȎȕȧ ȊȖȊșȍ
ȕȍ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȓȈșȤ șȖȌȍȘȎȐȔȣȔ ȋȘțȏȈ
ǷȖșȓȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ ǪȖȓȤȜ ȗȖ țȓȐȞȍ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȊȠȍȑ ȕȈ ȗȖȓȖȚȕȖ
ȎȍȓȍȏȕȖȑ ȌȖȘȖȋȐ ȌȖșȚȐȋ ȘȍȓȤș Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȑȌȧ Ȑȝ ȏȈȠȈȋȈȓ ȗȖ
ȐȏȘȍȏȈȕȕȖȑ ȖșȚȘȣȔȐ ȒȖȓȍșȈȔȐ ȈȘȉ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ ȐȌțȡȍȑ ȗȖ ȖȉȠȐȘ-
ȕȖȔț ȏȈȊȈȓȍȕȕȖȔț ȋȖȘȖȌșȒȐȔȐ ȖȚȉȘȖșȈȔȐ Ȑ ȕȈȊȖȏȖȔ ȗȖȓȦ
ǪȗȍȘȍȌȐ ȊȐȌȕȍȓșȧ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȑ ȋȖȘȖȌ ǼțȌȏȧȌȏȧȕȤ Ȑ țȎȍ Ȑȏ-

39
ȌȈȓȐ ȌȣȠȈȓ ȏȓȖȊȖȕȐȍȔ ȌȣȔȖȔ țȋȈȘȖȔ ȖȚ ȉȖȉȖȊȖȋȖ ȔȈșȓȈ
Ȑ ȗȖȌȎȈȘȐȊȈȍȔȖȋȖ șȣȘȖȋȖ ȖȗȐțȔȈ DzȘȐȒȐ ȋȘȧȏȕȖȑ ȚȖȓȗȣ
ȏȊȖȕ ȔȍȌȕȣȝ ȚȈȏȖȊ ȞȐȘȦȓȤȕȐȒȖȊ ȊȍȘȍȡȈȕȐȍ șȊȐȕȍȑ ȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȝ ȚțȚ Ȏȍ ȘȍȏȈȓȐ Ȑ șȊȍȎȍȊȈȓȐ ȗȍșȕȐ ȕȈȘȖȌȕȣȝ ȘȈșșȒȈȏ-
ȟȐȒȖȊ ȊȐȏȋ Ȑ ȞȐȕȐȟȕȣȍ ȊȣȒȘȐȒȐȊȈȕȐȧ ȗȍșȚȘȖ ȖȌȍȚȣȝ Ȏȍȕ-
ȡȐȕ ȏȈȏȣȊȈȦȡȐȝ ȗȘȖȝȖȎȐȝ Ȋ ȋȘȧȏȕȣȍ ȊȍȘȚȍȗȣ Ȑȏ ȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȝ ȊȐȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȚȧȎȍȓȖ ȖȗȈȌȈȓȈ șȚȘțȧ ȌȣȔȈ ȖȗȐțȔȈ Ȑ ȋȈȠȐ-
ȠȈ ǵȈ țȊȍȘȍȕȕȖ ȠȈȋȈȦȡȍȋȖ ȟțȎȍșȚȘȈȕȞȈ ș țȌȐȊȓȍȕȐȍȔ șȔȖȚ-
ȘȍȓȐ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȣ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȒȐȌȣȊȈȓȐșȤ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȐȔȐ ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȕȣȔȐ
ȊȖȗȘȖșȈȔȐ ǪȖȓȤȜ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȧ ȕȈ ȕȈȕȍșȍȕȕȣȑ Ȋ ȏȈȗȐșȕȖȑ
ȒȕȐȎȒȍ ȗȓȈȕ ǼțȌȏȧȌȏȧȕȧ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȖȌȊȐȋȈȓșȧ ȗȖ ȓȈȉȐȘȐȕ-
Țț țȓȐȞ Ȑ ȒȘȐȊȣȝ țȚȖȗȈȦȡȐȝ Ȋ ȋȘȧȏȐ ȏȈȒȖțȓȒȖȊ Ȑ ȗȖȌȖ-
Ƞȍȓ Ȓ ȌȓȐȕȕȖȑ ȖȌȕȖȥȚȈȎȕȖȑ ȜȈȕȏȍ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȌȊȍȘȍȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ
șȐȌȍȓ ȖȚȓȐȟȕȣȑ ȟȍȘȕȣȑ ȗțȌȍȓȤ
ǪȖȓȤȜ ȗȖșȚțȟȈȓ Ȑ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȖȚȒȘȣȓȈșȤ Ȉ ȕȈ ȗȖȘȖ-
ȋȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȠȐȘȖȒȖȗȓȍȟȐȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ș ȓȐȞȖȔ
ȐȏȘȣȚȣȔ ȖșȗȖȑ Ȑ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȐșȗȖȓȖșȖȊȈȕȕȣȔ ȝȓȣșȚȖȔ
— ǰȔȍȦ ȟȍșȚȤ ȒȓȈȕȧȚȤșȧ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȝȖȏȧȐȕ ȜȈȕ-
ȏȣ
— ǶȚȓȐȟȕȖ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ȏȌȍșȤ — ȗȖȎȐȔȈȧ ȍȔț ȘțȒț ȊȖș-
ȒȓȐȒȕțȓ ǪȖȓȤȜ — Ǫȣ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȚȤșȧ Ȓ ǪȖ-
ȚȈȕț Ȑ ȌȖșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȍȔț ȋȘțȏ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ Ȋȣ ȊȖȏȤȔȍȚȍ Ȋ ȏȌȍȠȕȍȔ
ȔȈȋȈȏȐȕȍ «ǨȘȚȐȋ Ȑ Ǫȍȑș».
— ǴȍȎȌț ȔȕȖȑ Ȑ ǪȖȚȈȕȖȔ țșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȐșȤ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȈȚȧ-
ȕțȚȣȍ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȧ —țȓȣȉȕțȓșȧ ȚȖȚ
— ǿȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȔȍȎȌț ȊȈȔȐ ǵȖȝȊȐȞȒȐȑ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ǪȖȓȤȜ.
— ǵȖ Ȋȣ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȋȓȈȠȈȍȚȍ Ȓ șȍȉȍ
— ǷȖȎȈȓțȑșȚȈ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǵȖȝȊȐȞȒȐȑ — Ǫȣ ȚȖ-
ȓȤȒȖ țȎ ȗȘȖșȚȐȚȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȏȈ ȔȖȑ ȖȉȘȈȏ ȎȐȏȕȐ
— Ƕ — ȏȈșȔȍȧȓșȧ ǪȖȓȤȜ — ȇ ȒȖ ȊșȍȔț ȗȘȐȊȣȒ
Ǫ ȗȖȓțșțȔȘȈȒȍ ȜȈȕȏȣ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȕȈ ȌȓȐȕȕȖȔ «ȒȈ-
ȕȍ», ȗȘȐȒȘȣȚȖȔ ȒȖȊȘȖȔ ȚȘȍȝ ȧȗȖȕȖȒ Ȋ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȖȚȒȘȖȊȍȕȕȣȝ
ȒȖșȚȦȔȈȝ ǶȕȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȤȧȕȣ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȐȔȐ șȚȖȧȓȐ ȉț-
ȚȣȓȒȐ ș ȓȐȒȍȘȖȔ Ȑ ȘȖȔȖȔ Ȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ ȌȍȘȍȊȧȕȕȈȧ ȟȈȠȒȈ ș
ȖȘȍȝȈȔȐ Ȑ ȔȈȕȌȈȘȐȕȈȔȐ ǪȖȓȤȜ ȘȈȏȊȈȓȐȓșȧ ȕȈ «ȒȈȕȍ» Ȑ
ȟȍȘȕȖȋȓȈȏȈȧ ȧȗȖȕȒȈ ș ȕȈȉȍȓȍȕȕȣȔ Ȑ ȕȈȘțȔȧȕȍȕȕȣȔ ȓȐȞȖȔ
ȜȈȘȜȖȘȖȊȖȑ ȒțȒȓȣ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓȈ ȍȔț ș ȚȐȝȐȔ ȊȖȘȒțȦȡȐȔ șȔȍ-
ȝȖȔ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ șȚȈȒȈȕ ȘȖȔȈ.

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— ǵ-ȕț ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȑȚȍ — ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ǪȖȓȤȜ
— ǰșȚȖȘȐȧ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȈȧ ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚșȧ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȔȔȈ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȈȧ ȌȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ ǪȖȚȈȕ — ȠȗȐȖȕ Ȑ ȧ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȐȓ șȍȉȍ Ȑȏ-
ȊȓȍȒȈȚȤ Ȑȏ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȑ ȌȖȝȖȌ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ
ȚȘȈȟț ȕȈ ȥȚȐȝ ȗȘȍȓȍșȚȕȣȝ «ȋȍȑȠ».
— Ǫȣ — ȓȖȊȒȐȑ — ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ǪȖȓȤȜ — Ǫȣ șțȔȍȍȚȍ ȗȖȔȐ-
ȘȐȚȤșȧ ș ǪȖȚȈȕȖȔ ǶȚȌȈȑȚȍ ȍȔț ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȔȔț — Ȑ ȒȖȕȍȞ ȇ
Ȏȍ ȊȈȔ ȋȈȘȈȕȚȐȘțȦ ȗȖȓțȟȍȕȐȍ ȚȈȒȖȑ Ȏȍ șțȔȔȣ ȗȘȖșȚȐȚȍ
ȉȍȏ ȠȈȕȚȈȎȈ
ǪȖȓȤȜ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ ȕȖȟȍȊȈȚȤ ț ǵȖȝȊȐȞȒȖȋȖ Ȑ ȕȈțȚȘȖ ȚȖȚ ȗȘȖ-
ȊȖȌȐȓ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ ȕȈ ȊȖȒȏȈȓ ǪȖȓȤȜ țȍȝȈȓ Ȋ ǷȖȘȚ-ǨȘȚțȘ Ȉ
ǵȖȝȊȐȞȒȐȑ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ȌȖȔȖȑ Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȋȖȚȖȊȐȚȤșȧ Ȓ ȗȖȍȏȌȒȍ Ȓ
ǪȖȚȈȕț
Ǫ ǷȖȘȚ-ǨȘȚțȘȍ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ țșȚȘȖȐȓ ȘȈȌȐȖȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜ Ȋ ȌȖȔȍ
Ǫȍȓȧ Ȑ ȊȖȏȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȘȈȏȕȣȝ ȒȈȕȞȍȓȧȘȐȧȝ ȋȌȍ ȏȈȒȈȕȟȐȊȈȓ șȟȍ-
ȚȈ Ȑ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȓ ȏȈȒȈȏȣ ȕȈ ȕȖȊȣȍ ȗȈȘȚȐȐ ȞȍȔȍȕȚȈ ȒȘȈșȖȒ Ȑ
ȎȍȓȍȏȈ
Ǭȕȧ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȌȊȈ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȔ Ȑȏ ȘȍșȚȖȘȈȕȖȊ șȖȉȘȈȓȈșȤ ȕȍȉȖȓȤ-
ȠȈȧ ȒȖȔȗȈȕȐȧ
ǯȌȍșȤ ȉȣȓȐ ǪȖȓȤȜ ǪȍȓȤ țȗȘȈȊȓȧȦȡȐȑ ȗȖȘȚ-ȈȘȚțȘșȒȐȔ
ȖȚȌȍȓȍȕȐȍȔ «ǨȘȚȐȋ Ȑ ǪȍȑșȈ» Ȑ ȧȗȖȕȍȞ-ȌȖȒȚȖȘ ȗȖȓȤȏțȦ-
ȡȐȑșȧ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖșȚȤȦ Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌȍ Ǫșȍ ȚȘȖȍ ȗȐȓȐ ȟȍȘ-
ȕȣȑ ȒȖȜȍ ș ȓȐȒȍȘȖȔ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȒȐȌȣȊȈȓȐșȤ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȐȔȐ ȜȘȈȏȈ-
ȔȐ ȕȍ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȊȠȐȔȐ ȕȈ șȍȉȧ ȕȐȟȤȍȋȖ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ Ȑ ȒȈȎțȡȐ-
ȔȐșȧ ȕȍȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔȐ
— ǰȚȈȒ Ȋșȍ ȋȖȚȖȊȖ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȧȗȖȕȍȞ
— Ǵȣ ȋȖȚȖȊȣ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ǪȖȓȤȜ
ǪȍȓȤ ȒȐȊȕțȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— Ǫșȍ ȕȈȠȐ ȖȚȌȍȓȍȕȐȧ Ȓ ȊȈȠȐȔ țșȓțȋȈȔ Ǵȣ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȔșȧ
Ȋ ȖȚȓȐȟȕȣȝ șȕȖȠȍȕȐȧȝ șȖ ȊșȍȔȐ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȔȐ ȜȐȘȔȈȔȐ Ȋ
DzȐȚȈȍ
— ǺȈȒ ǶȚȓȐȟȕȖ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȌȖȒȚȖȘ — ǺȍȗȍȘȤ țȎȍ Ȑ ȕȍ-
ȌȖȓȋȖ ȎȌȈȚȤ
— ǴȈȑȖȘ — Ƞȍȗȕțȓ ǪȖȓȤȜ — ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȏȍ ȕȈȊȍȘȕȖȍ"
— ǵȖȊȣȑ ȋȖȌ ȕȍșȍȚ ș șȖȉȖȑ ȊȖȑȕț ȋȖșȗȖȌȈ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ șȍ-
ȘȤȍȏȕȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȧȗȖȕȍȞ
ǷȖȚȖȔ Ȋșȍ ȚȘȖȍ țȔȖȓȒȓȐ Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȓȦȉȖȊȈȚȤșȧ ȘȍȑȌȖȔ
ǵȖȟȤ șȗțșȒȈȓȈșȤ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ǹȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȗȘȖȏȘȈȟȕȈȧ ȖȕȈ șȚȈȕȖ-

41
ȊȐȓȈșȤ Ȋșȍ ȚȍȔȕȍȍ Ȑ șțȔȘȈȟȕȍȍ ǵȈ ȔȖȘȍ ȏȈȎȋȓȐșȤ ȉȍȓȣȍ
ȒȘȈșȕȣȍ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȍ ȖȋȕȐ ȕȈ ȉȈȒȈȝ Ȑ ȔȈȟȚȈȝ șțȌȖȊ Ȑ ȕȈ ȗȓȖȊț-
ȟȐȝ ȉțȑȒȈȝ ǪȌȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȖȌȐȕȖȒȖȔ țȚȍșȍ, ȧȘȒȖ ȊșȗȣȝȐȊȈȓ ȖȋȖȕȤ
ȔȈȧȒȈ ǹ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȉȈȚȈȘȍȐ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȐȓȖșȤ ȐșȗȣȚȈȕȐȍ ȗȘȖ-
ȎȍȒȚȖȘȈ ǶșȓȍȗȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȧȘȒȐȑ șȕȖȗ ȓțȟȍȑ ȉȍȎȈȓ ȗȖ ȔȖȘȦ
ȕȈȡțȗȣȊȈȧ ȒȈȎȌțȦ ȊȖȓȕț ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȘȣȉȈȟȐȑ ȟȍȓȕȖȒ ȏȈȗȖȏ-
ȌȈȊȠȐȑ Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ ǰȕȖȋȌȈ ȊȌȘțȋ ȊȣȘȐșȖȊȣȊȈȓșȧ ȟȍȘȕȣȑ ȖșȚȖȊ
ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȖȑ ȉȈȘȒȐ ș ȗȘȐȏȘȈȟȕȣȔȐ ȉȍȓȍȦȡȐȔȐ ȒȈȒ ȒȘȣȓȤȧ
ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒȖȑ ȗȚȐȞȣ ȗȈȘțșȈȔȐ ǵȈ ȌȈȓȍȒȖȔ ȋȖȘȐȏȖȕȚȍ ȒȈȏȈ-
ȓȐșȤ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȣȔȐ ȐȌțȡȐȍ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȣ Ȑ ȕȈȌ ȕȐȔȐ ȏȈȔȍȘ-
ȓȐ Ȓȓțȉȣ Ȑ ȗȖȓȖșȣ ȟȍȘȕȖȋȖ ȌȣȔȈ ǪȕȐȏț ȏȈȚȐȝȈȓ ȋȖȘȖȌ ǬȖ-
ȕȖșȐȓȐșȤ ȏȊțȒȐ ȖȘȒȍșȚȘȈ Ȑ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ ȕȍȗȖȌȈȓȍȒț ȚȐȝȐȔ ȋȖȓȖ-
șȖȔ ȗȍȓ ȏȈțȕȣȊȕțȦ ȗȍșȕȦ ȒȐȚȈȍȞ Ȉ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ ȠțȘȠȈȓȐ ȓȍ-
ȚțȟȐȍ ȔȣȠȐ
ǪȍȓȤ Ȑ ȧȗȖȕȍȞ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ șȓȐȊȈȦȚșȧ ș ȚȐȠȐ-
ȕȖȑ Ȑ ȕȖȟȕȣȔ ȗȖȒȖȍȔ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȣ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ǪȖȓȤȜ ȌțȔȈȓ Ȗ ȌȘț-
ȋȖȔ Ȗȕ șȖȖȉȘȈȎȈȓ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ Ȑ ȌȍȓȈȓ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȏȈȔȍȚȒȐ Ȋ ȏȈȗȐș-
ȕȖȑ ȒȕȐȎȒȍ
— Ǫȣ șȖȊșȍȔ ȓȐȠȍȕȣ ȔȍȟȚȈȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ" — șȗȘȖ-
șȐȓ șȓȍȋȒȈ ȗȖȔȖȘȡȐȊȠȐșȤ ȧȗȖȕȍȞ
— ǪȖȊșȍ ȕȍȚ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ǪȖȓȤȜ — ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȧ ȗȘȐȍȝȈȓ șȦȌȈ
ȕȍ ȔȍȟȚȈȚȤ ȔȈȑȖȘ ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȗȖȏȌȕȖ țȎȍ Ǵȕȍ ȕțȎȕȖ ȌȖȔȖȑ
Ȕȍȕȧ ȎȌțȚ ȗȐșȤȔȈ Ȑ țȒȓȈȌȒȈ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȏȈȊȚȘȈ ȧ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȦșȤ
ǶȕȐ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȗȘȖȡȈȚȤșȧ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ ȗȖȎȐȔȈȧ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋț Șț-
ȒȐ
— DzȈȗȐȚȈȕ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧȗȖȕȍȞ — ȇ ȐȔȍȦ ȗȖȘțȟȍȕȐȍ ȖȚ ȕȈ-
ȠȍȋȖ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȠȚȈȉȈ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȚȤ ȊȈȔ ȒȕȐȋț ș ȖȚȘȣȊȕȣȔȐ ȓȐș-
ȚȈȔȐ ȗȘȖȗțșȒȖȊ Ȍȓȧ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȖȊ ș ȋȘțȏȈȔȐ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ
«ǨȘȚȐȋ Ȑ Ǫȍȑș».
ǪȖȓȤȜ Ȑ ǪȍȓȤ ȖȗȧȚȤ șȍȓȐ ȏȈ șȚȖȓ Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȘȈșșȔȈȚȘȐ-
ȊȈȚȤ ȚȍȚȘȈȌȤ ǹȚȘȈȕȐȞȣ ȍȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȓȐ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ Ȋ ȗȖȓ-ȓȐ-
șȚȈ ȗȐșȟȍȑ ȉțȔȈȋȐ ȒȊȐȚȈȕȞȐȐ ȏȈ ȹ - Ȑ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚ-
ȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȋȍȘȉȖȔ ȇȗȖȕȐȐ ǵȈ ȒȊȐȚȈȕȞȐȧȝ ȗȖ-ȧȗȖȕșȒȐ Ȑ Ȉȕȋ-
ȓȐȑșȒȐ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȈȗȍȟȈȚȈȕȖ
Ǽʞ˓ˋˍ˃ˊǣ ˅˔ˈˏ ˍˑˏ˃ːˇˋ˓˃ˏ ˅ˑˈːː˞˘ ˋ ˇˑˊˑ˓ː˞˘ ˍˑ˓˃˄-
ˎˈˌ ˢ˒ˑː˔ˍˑˆˑ ˗ˎˑ˕˃ǡ ˍˑˏ˃ːˇˋ˓˃ˏ ˒ˑ˓˕ˑ˅ ˋ ˑˍˈ˃ː˔ˍˋ˘ ˇˋ˔˕˃ː-
˙ˋˌ ˒˓ˈˇ˒ˋ˔˞˅˃ˈ˕˔ˢǡ ˒˓ˋ ˒˓ˈˇ˝ˢ˅ˎˈːˋˋ ː˃˔˕ˑˢ˜ˈˆˑ ˒˓ˋˍ˃ˊ˃ǡ

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ːˈ ˒˓ˑˋˊ˅ˑˇˢ ˑ˔ˏˑ˕˓˃ ˋ ːˈ ˚ˋːˢ ˒˓ˈ˒ˢ˕˔˕˅ˋˌǡ ˒˓ˑ˒˖˔ˍ˃˕˟
˒˃˓ˑ˘ˑˇ˞ ˔ ˆ˓˖ˊˑˏ ˕ˑ˓ˆˑ˅ˑˆˑ ˇˑˏ˃ Dzʏ˓˕ˋˆ ˋ ʑˈˌ˔dz ˒ˑ ˎˡ˄ˑˏ˖
ː˃˒˓˃˅ˎˈːˋˡǡ ˒˓ˈˇ˖˒˓ˈˉˇ˃ˢ ˕˃ˍˑ˅˞ˈ ˑ ˊˑː˃˘ ˏˋːː˞˘ ˊ˃ˆ˓˃ˉ-
ˇˈːˋˌǽǤ
— Ǫȣ ȕȈȑȌȍȚȍ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȣȔ ȗȍȘȍșȓȈȚȤ ȥȚȐ ȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚȣ ǪȖ-
ȚȈȕț" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ǪȖȓȤȜ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȧșȤ Ȓ ǪȍȓȦ
— ǬȈ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȚȖȚ — ǯȈȊȚȘȈ ȧ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȓȧȦ ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ
ȗȈȘȚȐȦ șțȒȕȈ Ȑ ȠȍȓȒȈ Ȑ șțȔȍȦ ȗȍȘȍșȓȈȚȤ ȠȍȜț ȥȚȐ Ȟȍȕȕȣȍ
ȗȘȖȗțșȒȐ
ǪȣȑȌȧ Ȑȏ ȘȍșȚȖȘȈȕȈ ȕȖȊȣȍ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȞȣ ȘȈȏȖȠȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȘȈȏ-
ȕȣȍ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ
VI
ǪȖȚȈȕ ȉȣȓ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȊȏȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȕ
Ƕȕ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȔȔț Ȑȏ ǩȍȘȓȐȕȈ ȏȈ ȹ  ȊȣȏȣȊȈȦ-
ȡțȦ ȍȋȖ ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȐȉȣȚȤ Ȋ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȦ
ǺȍȓȍȋȘȈȔȔȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȖȌȗȐșȈȕȈ ǫȐȕȞȍ ȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒȖȔ Ȉȋȍȕ-
ȚțȘȕȖȋȖ ȖȚȌȍȓȍȕȐȧ ȊȖȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȔȐȕȐșȚȍȘșȚȊȈ ǵȐȒȈȒȐȝ ȗȖȌȘȖȉ-
ȕȖșȚȍȑ Ȋ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȔȔȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ Ȑ ǪȖȚȈȕ ȚȍȘȧȓșȧ Ȋ ȌȖȋȈȌȒȈȝ
ȖȗȈșȈȧșȤ ȐȕȚȘȐȋ ǪȖȓȤȜȈ
ǫȓȈȊȈ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ «ǨȘȚȐȋ Ȑ Ǫȍȑș» ȗȘȐȏȊȈȓ Ȓ șȍȉȍ ȌȖ-
ȊȍȘȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȉțȝȋȈȓȚȍȘȈ Ȑ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȓ ȍȔț Ȋ ȌȊȈ Ȍȕȧ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȒȘȈȚ-
ȒȐȑ ȖȚȟȍȚ ȗȖ ȌȍȓȈȔ ȜȐȘȔȣ
— ǬȍȓȈ ȕȈȠȐ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȦȚșȧ Ȋ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȕȍȉȓȈȋȖȗȘȐȧȚ-
ȕȖȔ ȊȐȌȍ, — ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȉțȝȋȈȓȚȍȘ — ǮȍȓȈȕȐȍ ȏȈȌȈȊȐȚȤ Șțș-
șȒțȦ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȓȦ ȗȘȐȕțȎȌȈȓȖ ȜȐȘȔț ȗȘȖȌȈȊȈȚȤ Ȋșȍ ȚȖȊȈȘȣ
ȗȖ ȞȍȕȈȔ ȧȊȕȖ Ȍȓȧ ȜȐȘȔȣ țȉȣȚȖȟȕȣȔ Ǵȣ ȏȈȒȖȕȟȐȔ ȋȖȌ ș
ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ țȉȣȚȒȖȔ
ǵȈ ȓȐȞȍ ǪȖȚȈȕȈ ȥȚȐ șȓȖȊȈ ȕȍ ȊȣȏȊȈȓȐ ȕȐ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȑșȚȊȈ
ȕȐ țȌȐȊȓȍȕȐȧ
— ǷȖ ȗȍȘȊȖȍ șȍȕȚȧȉȘȧ Ȋȣ șȊȍȌȍȚȍ Ȕȕȍ ȉȈȓȈȕș ȜȐȘȔȣ —
ȗȖȊȚȖȘȐȓ Ȗȕ șȊȖȍ ȘȈșȗȖȘȧȎȍȕȐȍ — ȇ ȍȌț Ȋ ǩȍȘȓȐȕ
ǷȖȒȈ ȉțȝȋȈȓȚȍȘȐȧ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓȈ ȌȕȍȔ Ȑ ȕȖȟȤȦ ǪȖȚȈȕ ȗȐșȈȓ
ȌȖȒȓȈȌ Ȗ ȌȍȧȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ȜȐȘȔȣ Ȑ Ȗȉ ȍȍ ȐșȒȓȦȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȔ ȏȕȈ-

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ȟȍȕȐȐ ȕȈ ǺȐȝȖȖȒȍȈȕșȒȖȔ ȗȖȉȍȘȍȎȤȍ Ȑ Ȗ ȗȖȓȤȏȍ ȗȘȐȕȖșȐ-
ȔȖȑ ȍȦ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȖȑ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȓȍ Ȑ ȗȘȖȔȣȠȓȍȕȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȋȍȘȔȈȕ-
șȒȖȔț Ȍȍȓț Ȋ ǨȏȐȐ ǹȚȈȘȐȒ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓ țȗȖȘȕȖ Ȑ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȖ Ȗȉ-
ȌțȔȣȊȈȧ ȒȈȎȌȖȍ șȓȖȊȖ Ȑ ȒȈȎȌȖȍ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ ȌȖȒ-
ȓȈȌȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ Ȗȕ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȌȖȒȈȏȈȚȤ șȊȖȦ ȌȍȧȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȗȘȍ-
ȌțșȔȖȚȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ Ǫ ȌȖȒȓȈȌȍ ȟȈșȚȖ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȓȈșȤ ȜȘȈȏȈ «ȒȖ-
ȋȌȈ ȧ șȖșȚȖȧȓ ȕȈ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ șȓțȎȉȍ ǭȋȖ ǪȍȓȐȟȍșȚȊȈ ǰȔ-
ȗȍȘȈȚȖȘȈ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȐ»
ǪȖȚȈȕ ȕȈȗȐșȈȓ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȐșȍȔ Ȋ ǩȍȘȓȐȕ ȖȌȕȖ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ
ȉȣȓȖ ǫȐȕȞȍ ȌȘțȋȖȍ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓț ȅȔȔȐȝț ȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒț ȠȚȈȉȈ
ȋȓȈȊȕȖȑ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘȣ Ǫ ȖȉȖȐȝ ȗȐșȤȔȈȝ ȕȈȗȐșȈȕȕȣȝ  ȈȊȋțș-
ȚȈ  ȋȖȌȈ ȋȓȈȊȈ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ Ȗȉȡȍ-
ȋȖ ș ȗȖȓȐȚȐȒȖȑ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȦȡȐȑ ș ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖșȚȧȔȐ ȐȏȖȉȓȐȟȈȦ-
ȡȐȔȐ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȖȗȣȚ ȖȗȐșȣȊȈȓ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕțȦ Ȑ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚ-
ȊȍȕȕțȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȕȈ ǬȈȓȤȕȍȔ ǪȖșȚȖȒȍ Ȑ ȊȖ Ȋșȍȑ ǴȈȕȟȎțȘȐȐ
ȗȍȘȍȟȐșȓȧȓ ȒȖȓȐȟȍșȚȊȖ ȕȈșȍȓȍȕȐȧ ȊȖȑșȒ șțȌȖȊ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȓ
ȐȔȍȕȈ ȘȈȏȕȣȝ ȓȐȞ Ȑ ȗȘȐȉȈȊȓȧȓ Ȓ ȕȐȔ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȖȗȘȍȌȍ-
ȓȍȕȐȧ: ©ȌȖȉȘȣȑ ȋȈȕȕȖȊȍȘșȒȐȑ ȕȍȔȍȞ», «șȟȐȚȈȍȚ șȍȉȧ ȏȌȍșȤ
Ȋ ȟȐșȚȐȓȐȡȍ Ȑ ȘȊȍȚșȧ ȕȈ ȕȈȠț ȌȖȘȖȋțȦ ȘȖȌȐȕț», «ȗȘȍȌȈȕ-
ȕȣȑ Ȍȍȓț ȦȕȖȠȈ» Ȑ Ț Ȍ
ǪȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȥȚȖȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ Ȓ ǪȖȚȈȕț ȧȊȐȓșȧ ǵȖȝȊȐȞȒȐȑ Ƕȕ
ȊȖȠȍȓ ȊȔȍșȚȍ șȖ șȚȈȘȐȒȖȔ Ȋ ȔȈȋȈȏȐȕ Ȑ Ƞȍȓ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ ȗȖ ȓȍșȚ-
ȕȐȞȍ DzȖȋȌȈ ǪȖȚȈȕ ȊȝȖȌȐȓ Ȋ șȊȖȑ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ ȊȖȠȍȓ Ȑ
ǵȖȝȊȐȞȒȐȑ
Ƕȕ ȗȖȔȖȋ șȚȈȘȐȒț șȕȧȚȤ ȗȈȓȤȚȖ Ȑ ȚȖȚ ȌțȔȈȧ ȟȚȖ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ
Ƞȍȓ șȓțȎȐȚȍȓȤ ȕȍ ȋȓȧȌȧ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǷȖȏȖȊȐ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȋȓȈȊȕȖȋȖ ȉțȝȋȈȓȚȍȘȈ
— ǹȍȑȟȈș — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ǵȖȝȊȐȞȒȐȑ — ȕȖ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ Ȕȕȍ ȕȈȌȖ
ȊȣȧșȕȐȚȤ ȔȖȍ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȚȤ ȊȈȔ ȊȈȎȕȖȍ ȗȐșȤȔȖ Ȑ
ȗȖȘțȟȍȕȐȍ
ǪȖȚȈȕ țȎȍ ȠȍȌȠȐȑ Ȓ șȊȖȍȔț șȚȖȓț ȘȍȏȒȐȔ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍȔ
ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȑ ȍȌȊȈ ȕȍ ȊșȒȘȐȒȕțȓ țȏȕȈȊ ǵȖȝȊȐȞȒȖȋȖ
— Ǫȣ". Ȋȣ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ Ȗȕ — ǶȗȧȚȤ" ǿȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ"
— ȇ ȗȘȐșȓȈȕ Ȓ ȊȈȔ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȖȔ ǪȖȓȤȜȖȔ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȖȚȟȍ-
ȒȈȕȐȊȈȧ șȓȖȊȈ ǵȖȝȊȐȞȒȐȑ — ǷȖȏȊȖȓȤȚȍ Ȕȕȍ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȗȘȍȌ-
șȚȈȊȐȚȤșȧ ǵȖȝȊȐȞȒȐȑ ǴȐȝȈȐȓ ȆȘȤȍȊȐȟ Ȑȏ șȈȝȈȓȐȕȞȍȊ
ȗȘȖșȚȐȚȍ ȏȈ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ȕȖ Ȑȏ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȑ șȍȔȤȐ țȊȍȘȧȦ ȊȈș
— ǿȚȖ ȊȈȔ ȕȈȌȖ" — șȒȈȏȈȓ țȋȘȦȔȖ ȊȏȋȓȧȕțȊ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ǪȖȚȈȕ

44
— ǷȘȍȎȌȍ ȊșȍȋȖ, ȊȍȘȕțȚȤ Ȓ șȍȉȍ ȊȈȠȍ ȌȖȊȍȘȐȍ — ȕȈȟȈȓ
ȚȖȚ ȏȈȒțȘȐȊȈȧ ȗȈȗȐȘȖșț. — Ǩ ȗȖȚȖȔț — ȊȖȚ-ș
ǵȖȝȊȐȞȒȐȑ ȗȖȌȈȓ ǪȖȚȈȕț ȏȓȖȗȖȓțȟȕțȦ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȔȔț
— ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȖȕȈ Ȕȕȍ ȕȍ ȕțȎȕȈ — ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ Ȗȕ — Ǵȣ
șȓțȎȐȔ ȖȉȡȍȔț Ȍȍȓț ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ Ȑ ȞȍȓȤ ț ȕȈș ș
ȊȈȔȐ ȖȉȡȈȧ — ȌȍȕȤȋȐ-ș ȗȘȍȏȘȍȕȕȣȑ ȔȍȚȈȓȓ șȔȍȝ ȎȍȓȚȖȋȖ
ȌȤȧȊȖȓȈ ȒȈȒ ȋȖȊȖȘȧȚ ȗȖȥȚȣ
Ƕȕ ȝȐȝȐȒȈȓ ȋȕțșȈȊȣȔ ȚȖȕȒȐȔ șȔȍȠȒȖȔ ȗȖȚȐȘȈȧ ȔȈȓȍȕȤ-
ȒȐȍ ȚȡȍȌțȠȕȣȍ ȘțȟȒȐ
ǷȖȚȖȔ Ȗȕ ȗȖȌȈȓ ǪȖȚȈȕț ȗȐșȤȔȖ ǪȖȓȤȜȈ Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ șȚȈȘȐȒ
ȗȘȖȉȍȎȈȓ ȍȋȖ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ȇ ȗȘȐȊȍȏ ȊșȧȒȐȔȐ ȗȘȈȊȌȈȔȐ Ȑ ȕȍȗȘȈȊȌȈȔȐ ȘȈȌȐȖȚȍ-
ȓȍȋȘȈȜ ǭȋȖ ȕȈȌȖ țșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȤ Ȋ țȒȈȏȈȕȕȖȔ ȔȍșȚȍ ǷȘȖȠț ȊȈș
ȗȘȐȒȖȔȈȕȌȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȊȈȠȍȋȖ șȓțȎȈȡȍȋȖ Ǻȍȗȗȍȓȧ
— DzȖȋȌȈ Ȋȣ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȓȧȍȚȍșȤ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ǪȖȚȈȕ ȗȘȧȟȈ Țȍ-
ȓȍȋȘȈȔȔț Ȑ ȗȐșȤȔȖ Ȋ ȉțȔȈȎȕȐȒ — ǯȈȊȚȘȈ" ǶȚȓȐȟȕȖ Ǫșȍ
ȉțȌȍȚ ȋȖȚȖȊȖ ǬȖ șȊȐȌȈȕȐȧ
ǵȍ ȗȖȌȈȊȈȧ ȘțȒȐ ǵȖȝȊȐȞȒȖȔț ǪȖȚȈȕ țȒȈȏȈȓ ȍȔț ȕȈ ȌȊȍȘȤ
Ȑ ȖȗțșȚȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȒȘȍșȓȖ
VII
ǵȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȉȍȓȣȑ ȒȈȚȍȘ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ «ǨȘȚȐȋ Ȑ
Ǫȍȑș» ȖȚȊȈȓȐȓ ȖȚ ȗȘȐșȚȈȕȐ Ȑ ȗȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȊȣȝȖȌț Ȑȏ ǪȖșȚȖȟȕȖ-
ȋȖ ǩȖșȜȖȘȈ ǵȈ ȕȖșț șȐȌȍȓ Ȋ ȖȝȖȚȕȐȟȤȍȔ ȒȖșȚȦȔȍ, ș ȘțȎȤȍȔ
ȗȍȘȍȒȐȕțȚȣȔ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȗȓȍȟȖ ǵȖȝȊȐȞȒȐȑ
Ƕȕ ȐȔȍȓ ȘȈșșȍȧȕȕȣȑ Ȑ Ȋȍșȍȓȣȑ ȊȐȌ ǫȘȖȔȒȖ ȕȈșȊȐșȚȣ-
ȊȈȓ ȒȈȒțȦ-ȚȖ ȗȍșȍȕȒț Ȑ ȉȖȓȚȈȓ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ
ǺȍȗȗȍȓȤ — ȌȓȐȕȕȣȑ ȕȍȒȘȈșȐȊȣȑ ȕȍȔȍȞ ș ȒȘȈșȕȣȔ ȕȖ-
șȖȔ ș ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȖ șȓȍȏȧȡȐȔȐșȧ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȊ-
ȠȐȑ ȗȖ-ȘțșșȒȐ — șȖșȘȍȌȖȚȖȟȍȕȕȖ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȊȖȌț Ȑ ȔȍȚȖȌȐȟ-
ȕȖ ȊȣȗțșȒȈȓ ȐȏȖ ȘȚȈ Ȓȓțȉȣ șȐȋȈȘȕȖȋȖ ȌȣȔȈ ǻ ȔȈȠȐȕȣ Ȑ Ȋ
ȒȖȟȍȋȈȘȒȍ ȊȖȏȐȓȐșȤ ȧȗȖȕȞȣ Ȑ ȧȗȖȕȍȞ Ȏȍ ȠȚțȘȔȈȕ șȚȖȧȓ ȕȈ
Șțȓȍ DzȈȚȍȘ ȔȐȕȖȊȈȓ ȅȋȍȘȠȍȓȤȌ ȊȖȠȍȓ Ȋ ǩȖșȜȖȘ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȌ
ȕȐȔ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȈșȤ Ȑȏ ȔȖȘȧ ȟȍȘȕȈȧ ȐȏȢȍȌȍȕȕȈȧ ȊȖȓȕȈȔȐ Ȑ ȊȘȍȔȍ-
ȕȍȔ șȒȈȓȈ ș ȔȈȧȒȖȔ Ȑ ȉȍȓȖȑ Țțȟȍȑ ȕȖșȧȡȐȝșȧ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȟȈȍȒ

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ǷȖșȓȍ ȚȘȍȝ ȟȈșȖȊ ȗȓȈȊȈȕȐȧ ȗȖ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȔț ȔȖȘȦ ȒȈȚȍȘ
ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȖșȚȘȖȊț ǸȈȒȖȘȌ Ȑ ȘȈȏ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȍȘȒȕțȊ ȒȐȓȍȔ ȗȖ
ȋȈȓȤȒȍ ȊȗȓȖȚȕțȦ ȗȘȐșȚȈȓ Ȓ ȉȍȘȍȋț
ǵȖȝȊȐȞȒȐȑ ș ǺȍȗȗȍȓȍȔ Ȑ ȧȗȖȕȞȣ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȘȐșȚțȗȐȓȐ Ȓ
ȘȈȉȖȚȍ ǵȈ ȊȣșȖȒȖȔ Ȍțȉȍ ȊȖȌȘțȏȐȓȐ ȔȈȟȚț Ȑ ȘȈșȒȐȕțȓȐ șȍȚȤ
ȕȈ șȖșȍȌȕȐȍ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȧ ȖȉȘțȉȐȊ ȕȈ ȕȐȝ ȟȈșȚȤ ȊȍȚȊȍȑ
ǴȍȎȌț ǺȍȗȗȍȓȍȔ Ȑ ȧȗȖȕșȒȐȔ ȠȚțȘȔȈȕȖȔ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȍȓ
șȗȖȘ ȋȌȍ țȒȘȣȚȤ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒțȦ șȚȈȕȞȐȦ Ȑ ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚ ǵȍȔȍȞ
ȝȖȚȍȓ ȊȣȘȣȚȤ ȝȖȌ ȗȖȌ ȌȍȘȍȊȖȔ Ȑ țșȚȘȖȐȚȤ ȚȈȔ ȗȖȌȏȍȔȕțȦ
ȗȍȡȍȘț ȕȖ ȧȗȖȕȍȞ ȕȈșȚȖȧȓ ȕȈ șȊȖȍȔ Ƕȕ ȓȖȊȒȖ șȕȧȓ ș ȌțȉȈ
ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȒțșȖȒ ȒȖȘȣ Ȑ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȊȣȎȐȋȈȚȤ ȌȍȘȍȊȖ ȗȘȐ ȗȖ-
ȔȖȡȐ ȗȈȧȓȤȕȖȑ ȓȈȔȗȣ ǵȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȌȍȕȤ Ȓ ȊȍȟȍȘț Ȋ Ȍțȉȍ Ȗȉ-
ȘȈȏȖȊȈȓȖșȤ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȍ ȌțȗȓȖ ȋȌȍ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȖ ȗȖȔȍșȚȐȓȈșȤ Ȋșȧ
șȚȈȕȞȐȧ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜȈ ǬțȗȓȖ ȏȈȌȍȓȈȓȐ ȘȍȏȐȕȖȊȖȑ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȍȑ Ȑ
ȒțșȒȖȔ ȒȖȘȣ ȗȘȐȒȘȍȗȐȊ ȍȍ Ȓ șȚȊȖȓț ȌȓȐȕȕȣȔȐ Ȑ ȚȖȕȒȐȔȐ
ȋȊȖȏȌȧȔȐ
VIII
ǪȖȓȤȜ ȕȍ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȓșȧ ǵȈ Ȋșȍ ȗȐșȤȔȈ ǪȖȚȈȕȈ Ȗȕ ȖȚȊȍ-
ȟȈȓ ȗȖȓȕȣȔ ȔȖȓȟȈȕȐȍȔ ǵȐ ȗȘȍȌȈȕȕȣȑ ǪȖȚȈȕț ǪȍȓȤ ȕȐ
ȗȘȐȒȈȏȟȐȒȐ Ȑȏ ǽȈȘȉȐȕȈ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ șȖȖȉȡȐȚȤ Ȗ ȒȈȗȐ-
ȚȈȕȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȗȘȖȗȈȓ ȒȈȒ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ Ǩ ȔȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ, ǪȖȓȤȜ
ȌȍȓȈȓ șȊȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ Ƕȕ ȖȉȢȍȏȌȐȓ Ȋșȍ șȚȈȕȞȐȐ DzȐȚȈȑșȒȖȑ ǪȖș-
ȚȖȟȕȖȑ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȖȑ ȌȖȘȖȋȐ ȗȍȘȍȉȣȊȈȓ ȊȖ Ȋșȍȝ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȝ ȋȖ-
ȘȖȌȈȝ ȘȈșȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȕȣȝ ȗȖȉȓȐȏȖșȚȐ ȖȚ ȓȐȕȐȐ ȌȖȘȖȋȐ ȏȈȊȍȓ
ȏȕȈȒȖȔșȚȊȖ ș ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȔȐ Ȑ ȧȗȖȕșȒȐȔȐ ȒțȗȞȈȔȐ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ
ȖȚ ȕȐȝ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȗȐșȤȔȈ Ȑ Ȋ șȊȖȦ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȤ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȓ ȐȔ ȕȍ-
ȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ ȋȖȓțȉȖȋȖ ȞȊȍȚȈ ȉȐȓȍȚȣ ȗȘȖșȧ Ȑȝ ȚȡȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȧ-
ȚȈȚȤ ȥȚȐ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȕȐȟȚȖȎȕȣȍ ȒȓȖȟȒȐ ȉțȔȈȋȐ
ǪȖȓȤȜ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȚȐȓșȧ ȌȖȔȖȑ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ ǹȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ȥȚȖ
ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏ Ȋ ȚȖȚ ȌȍȕȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ șȚȈȘȣȑ ȘțȒȖȊȖȌȐȚȍȓȤ ȜȐȘȔȣ «ǨȘ-
ȚȐȋ Ȑ Ǫȍȑș» șȖȉȐȘȈȓșȧ ȕȈ ȊȖȒȏȈȓ ǹȊȐȌȈȕȐȍ Ȑȝ ȉȣȓȖ ȒȖȘȖȚ-
ȒȖ Ȑ ȊșȍȓȐȓȖ ȍȡȍ ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȚȘȍȊȖȋț Ȋ șȍȘȌȞȍ șȚȈȘȖȋȖ ǪȖȚȈȕȈ
— Dz șȖȎȈȓȍȕȐȦ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ — Ȋȣ ȚȈȒ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȖȚșțȚșȚ-
ȊȖȊȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȚȤ ȊȈȔ ȊȍȌȍȕȐȍ Ȋșȍȝ Ȍȍȓ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ

46
ȚȖȘȋȖȊȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ
— Ǵȕȍ ȥȚȖ Ȑ ȕȍ ȕȈȌȖ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȗȘȍȕȍȉȘȍȎȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȖ-
ȎȈȊ ȗȓȍȟȈȔȐ ǪȖȓȤȜ — Ǫȣ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȟȚȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȔȈȓȖ ȐȕȚȍȘȍ-
șțȦȚ ȌȍȓȈ «ǨȘȚȐȋ Ȑ Ǫȍȑș» ȇ ȏȌȍșȤ Ȍȓȧ Ȑȕȣȝ Ȟȍȓȍȑ
ǰ ȖȚȊȍȘȕțȊȠȐșȤ ș ȗȘȍȎȕȐȔ ȘȈșșȍȧȕȕȣȔ Ȑ ȗȘȍȕȍȉȘȍȎȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȊȐȌȖȔ Ȗȕ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȏȈȒțȘȐȊȈȚȤ șȐȋȈȘț ȋȓȧȌȧ Ȋ ȖȒȕȖ
ǹȚȈȘȐȒ ȝȖȚȍȓ țȎȍ ȗȖȒȐȕțȚȤ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ȕȖ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ Ȉ
ȏȈȚȍȔ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕț
— ȇ Ȑ ȖȗȈșȈȦșȤ ȟȚȖ ȜȐȘȔȍ ȕȈȠȍȑ țȋȘȖȎȈȍȚ ȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ
ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȤ ȍșȓȐ ȔȍșȚȕȣȍ ȊȓȈșȚȐ țȏȕȈȦȚ ȒȈȒȖȊȣ Țȍ ȞȍȓȐ Ȍȓȧ
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ Ȋȣ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚȍșȤ ȏȌȍșȤ ǼȐȘȔȈ Ȑ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ șȓțȎȐȓȈ Ȗș-
ȊȍȌȖȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȖȘȋȈȕȖȔ Ȍȓȧ ȕțȎȌ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȖȋȖ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤ-
șȚȊȈ ȕȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȌȍȧȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ ȥȚȈ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȚșȧ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȖȗȘȍȌȍ-
ȓȍȕȕȖȑ Ȑ șȚȖȓȤ ȖȗȈșȕȖȑ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȗȘȍȌȊȐȎț țȎȍ ȚȖȚ ȌȍȕȤ ȒȖȋ-
ȌȈ ȕȈȠȈ ȜȐȘȔȈ ȉțȌȍȚ ȏȈȒȘȣȚȈ ȗȖ ȔȍșȚȕȣȔ ȏȈȒȖȕȈȔ
ǪȖȓȤȜ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ Ȗȋȓȧȕțȓșȧ Ȑ ȊșȒȐȕțȓ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȕȈ ǪȖȚȈȕȈ
Ǫ ȥȚȖȔ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȍ ȉȣȓȖ șȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȊȕȖȌțȠȐȧ ȟȚȖ ǪȖȚȈȕ ȔȈȝ-
ȕțȓ ȘțȒȖȑ Ȑ ȏȓȖȉȕȖ ȝȓȖȗȕțȓ ȏȈ șȖȉȖȑ ȌȊȍȘȤȦ
Ǭȓȧ ȕȍȋȖ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ șȖȔȕȍȕȐȑ ȟȚȖ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȊȍȌȍȚ
ȜȐȘȔț Ȓ ȋȐȉȍȓȐ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȍȋȖ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșțȦȚ ȓȐȠȤ Țȍ ȌȍȓȈ ȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȍ țȋȘȖȎȈȦȚ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȤȦ ȒȈȒ ȜȐȘȔȍ ȚȈȒ Ȑ șȈȔȖ-
Ȕț ǪȖȚȈȕț ȒȈȒ ȕȐ ȊșȍșȐȓȍȕ Ȑ ȊȓȐȧȚȍȓȍȕ ȉȣȓ Ȗȕ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȒȘȈȍ
«ȇ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦ ȍȡȍ — ȌțȔȈȓ șȝȖȌȧ ȗȖ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȍ ǪȖȚȈȕ —
șȓțȎȐȚȤ ȘȖȌȐȕȍ ȖșȊȍȌȖȔȓȧȚȤ ȍȍ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȓȍȏȕȖ Ȍȓȧ ȍȍ
ȚȖȘȋȖȊȣȝ Ȑ ȗȘȖȔȣȠȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊ ȕȖ șȓțȎȐȚȤ ȌȘțȋȖȔț
ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊț ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ, ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ, ȏȈȊȚȘȈ ȕȈȟȕȍȚ ȊȖȑȕț ș
ǸȖșșȐȍȑ — ȥȚȖ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȕȖ ȇ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȌțȔȈȦȚ ȥȚȐ ȋȖș-
ȗȖȌȈ Ȋ ǩȍȘȓȐȕȍ ȌȈȊȈȧ ȚȈȒȐȍ ȗȖȓȕȖȔȖȟȐȧ ǪȖȓȤȜț Ȑ ȗȖȘț-
ȟȈȧ ȜȐȘȔȍ ȚȈȒȐȍ ȖȗȈșȕȣȍ ȌȍȓȈ"»
ǺȈȒȐȍ ȔȣșȓȐ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȐȓȐ șȚȈȘȖȋȖ ǪȖȚȈȕȈ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȊșȍȋȖ
ȍȋȖ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȧ ȖȚ ȉȍȘȍȋȖȊ ǺȐȝȖȋȖ ȖȒȍȈȕȈ ȌȖ ǷȍȚȍȘȉțȘȋȈ
ǯȌȍșȤ Ȗȕ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ țșȗȖȒȖȐȓșȧ Ƕȕ ȗȖșȍȚȐȓ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȖȋȖ
ȗȖșȓȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȖȚșțȚșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ
ȉȣȓ ȊȣȏȊȈȕ Ȋ ǩȍȘȓȐȕ Ȑ ǪȖȚȈȕȈ ȗȘȐȕȧȓ ȍȋȖ șȚȈȘȣȑ ȏȕȈȒȖ-
Ȕȣȑ ș ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ Ȗȕ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ ȉȣȓ Ȋ șȓțȎȍȉȕȣȝ Ȑ ȌȍȓȖȊȣȝ
șȕȖȠȍȕȐȧȝ ȅȚȖȚ șȚȈȘȣȑ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȑ ȉȣȓ ȕȍ ȒȚȖ ȐȕȖȑ ȒȈȒ
Ȋșȍ ȏȕȈȦȡȐȑ Ȋ ǸȖșșȐȐ șȖȊȍȚȕȐȒ ȗȖșȖȓȤșȚȊȈ ȉȈȘȖȕ ȜȖȕ dzț-
ȞȐțș Ƕȕ șȍȘȌȍȟȕȖ ȗȘȐȊȍȚșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȊȝȖȌȧȡȍȋȖ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚ

47
ǪȖȚȈȕȈ ȕȈ ȕȍȐȏȔȍȕȕȖȔ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȖȔ ȧȏȣȒȍ Ȑ ȕȍ ȌȈȊȈȧ ȍȔț
ȊȣȔȖȓȊȐȚȤ șȓȖȊȈ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǪȈș ȊȣȏȊȈȓȐ Ȋ ǩȍȘȓȐȕ" ȏȕȈȦ ȏȕȈȦ ǺȈȔ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȕțȎ-
ȌȈȦȚșȧ Ȋ ȊȈș ǺȈȔ Ȋȣ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȚȍșȤ ș ȌȊțȔȧ ȐȏțȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔȐ
ȓȦȌȤȔȐ ș ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ ȊȈȔ ȗȘȐȌȍȚșȧ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȚȤ Ȑ ț șȍȉȧ
ǬȐȗȓȖȔȈȚ ȓȈșȒȖȊȖ Ȑ ȓțȒȈȊȖ țȓȣȉȈȧșȤ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ Ȗ
ȌȍȓȈȝ ȚȖ ȗȘȐȌȈȊȈȧ ȐȔ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚ-
ȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȚȈȑȕȣ ȚȖ ȖȗȐșȣȊȈȧ Ȑȝ ȒȈȒ șȊȍȚșȒȐȍ șȗȓȍȚȕȐ Ȑ ȚȖȋ-
ȌȈ ȘȈșșȒȈȏ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȐȖȉȘȍȚȈȓ ȜȘȐȊȖȓȤȕȣȑ ȚȖȕ ȗȖȓȕȣȑ ȗȖȓțȕȈ-
ȔȍȒȖȊ ȘȐșȒȖȊȈȕȕȣȝ ȈȕȍȒȌȖȚȖȊ Ȑ ȔȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȖșȚȘȖțȔȐȧ
ǬȖȓȋȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ șȚȈȘȣȑ ǪȖȚȈȕ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ǵȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȍȔț ȥȚȖ,
ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ țȌȈȓȖșȤ Ȑ Ȗȕ șȗȘȖșȐȓ Ȗ ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȐ ǪȖȓȤȜȈ Ȋ ȊȖȍȕ-
ȕȖ-ȗȖȓȐȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȒȘțȋȈȝ ǩȍȘȓȐȕȈ — ȜȖȕ dzțȞȐțș ȏȈȔȈȝȈȓ Șț-
ȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȏȈȚȈȘȈȚȖȘȐȓ
— ǩȖȎȍ ȔȖȑ ǩȖȎȍ ȔȖȑ ǪȖȓȤȜ ǬȈ ȥȚȖ ȊȖșȝȖȌȧȡȍȍ șȊȍ-
ȚȐȓȖ dzțȟȠȐȑ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌȈȕȕȍȑȠȐȑ ȌȘțȋ ȗȘȐȕȞȈ ǫȍȕȘȐȝȈ Ȑ ȍȋȖ
ȗȘȈȊȈȧ ȘțȒȈ ǯȕȈȟȍȕȐȍ ǪȖȓȤȜȈ" ǬȈ ȖȕȖ ȕȍȖȋȘȈȕȐȟȍȕȕȖ ȚȈȒ
ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚșȧ Ȋ ȒțȘșȍ șȈȔȣȝ ȏȈȚȈȍȕȕȣȝ Ȑ șȈȔȣȝ ȊȈȎȕȣȝ
ȏȈȔȣșȓȖȊ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ ȇ ȊȈȔ șȒȈȎț ȗȖ șȍȒȘȍȚț ȟȚȖ
ǪȖȓȤȜ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȉȣȊȠȐȔȐ ȊȈȠȐȔȐ șȓțȎȈȡȐȔȐ ȀȔȐȌȚȖȔ Ȑ
ǨțȘȐȝȖȔ ȖȉȢȍȏȌȐȓ ȊșȦ ǹȍȊȍȘȕțȦ ǨȔȍȘȐȒț Ȑ țșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓ ȚȈȔ
ȖșȊȍȌȖȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȈȋȍȕȚșȚȊȈ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȖȑ DzȈȕȈȌȍ ȚȈȒ
Ȑ ȊȖ Ȋșȍȝ ȊȈȎȕȍȑȠȐȝ ȋȖȘȖȌȈȝ Ȑ șȚȘȈȚȍȋȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȗțȕȒȚȈȝ ȀȚȈ-
ȚȖȊ Ƕ ȚȈȒȐȝ ȈȋȍȕȚșȚȊȈȝ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȖ ȔȍȟȚȈȚȤ ȕȈȠȍ ȊȖȍȕ-
ȕȖȍ ȔȐȕȐșȚȍȘșȚȊȖ ǷȖșȓȍ ȚȖȋȖ, ȒȈȒ ǪȖȓȤȜ ȗȖȒȖȕȟȐȚ ȌȍȓȖ Ȋ
ǸȖșșȐȐ ȍȔț ȗȘȍȌșȚȖȐȚ ȗȖȍȏȌȒȈ Ȋ ǨȕȋȓȐȦ Ȑ ǼȘȈȕȞȐȦ Ǫ ǩȍȘ-
ȓȐȕȍ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȓȐ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȣȔ ȘȍȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȖȊȈȚȤ ȊșȦ ȖșȊȍȌȖȔȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕțȦ șȓțȎȉț ȏȈ ȋȘȈȕȐȞȍȑ
ǵȈȗȘȈșȕȖ ǪȖȚȈȕ șȚȈȘȈȓșȧ ȌȖȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ șȚȖȓȤ șȓȖȎȕȈȧ
șȐșȚȍȔȈ ȠȗȐȖȕȈȎȈ ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȖȗȈșȕȖȑ Ȍȓȧ ȜȐȘȔȣ Ȑ
ȟȚȖ ȕȍ Ȋ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȈȝ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȜȐȘȔȈ ȗȘȍȒȘȈ-
ȚȐȓȈ șȊȖȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȍ Ȉ ȥȚȖ ȕȍȐȏȉȍȎȕȖ șȓțȟȐȚșȧ ȍșȓȐ
ǪȖȓȤȜ ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȚȤ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȏȓȖțȗȖȚȘȍȉȓȧȚȤ ȊȓȐȧȕȐȍȔ
Ȑ șȊȧȏȧȔȐ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ «ǨȘȚȐȋ Ȑ Ǫȍȑș», — șȖȊȍȚȕȐȒ ȗȖ-
șȖȓȤșȚȊȈ Ȑ șȓțȠȈȚȤ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓ
— ǪȖȓȤȜ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȌȍȓȈȍȚ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ Ȗȕ țȓȣȉȈȧșȤ
— Ƕȕ ȕȍ ȗȍȘȍȚȧȕȍȚ șȚȘțȕȣ DzȈȗȐȚȈȕ — șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎ-
ȕȣȑ Ȑ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȖȗȣȚȕȣȑ ȈȋȍȕȚ

48
ǷȖȚȖȔ șȓȖȊȕȖ șȗȖȝȊȈȚȐȊȠȐșȤ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐșȚȈȓȤȕȖ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ
ȕȈ ȊșȚȘȍȊȖȎȍȕȕȖȋȖ ǪȖȚȈȕȈ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— Ǭȓȧ ȊȈș ǪȖȓȤȜ ȕȍ șȚȘȈȠȍȕ ǻ ȕȍȋȖ ȕȍȚ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȝ ȕȈȔȍ-
ȘȍȕȐȑ ȏȈȕȧȚȤ ȊȈȠȍ ȔȍșȚȖ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ ǪȖȚȈȕ ǰ Ȋȣ ȕȍ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȤ-
ȚȍșȤ
ǹȚȈȘȣȑ ǪȖȚȈȕ șȔțȚȐȓșȧ ǬȈȎȍ ȘțȔȧȕȍȞ ȗȖȧȊȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ
ȌȘȧȉȓȣȝ ȡȍȒȈȝ Ȑ ȏȈȌȘȖȎȈȓȐ ȋțȉȣ
— ǫȖșȗȖȌȐȕ șȖȊȍȚȕȐȒ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ — Ǫȣ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȖșȊȍ-
ȌȖȔȓȍȕȣ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȟȍȔ Ȗȉȍșȗȍȟȍȕȕȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ǵȍȕȧ țȎȍ
ȕȍ ȔȖȋțȚ ȗȘȐȊȓȍȒȈȚȤ ȕȐ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ ȕȐ ȒȈȒȐȍ ȉȣ ȚȖ ȕȐ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖ-
ȟȍșȚȐ ǶȌȕȈȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ ȒȘȈȑȕȍ ȚȧȎȍȓȖ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȜȐȘ-
ȔȈ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȓȈ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȔȖȍȋȖ țȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȌȍȓȈ-
ȔȐ Ȑ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȌȕȐ ȜȐȘȔȣ ȖȔȘȈȟȐȓȐșȤ ȌȖȒȈȏȈȕ-
ȕȣȔ Ȑ ȗȖȏȖȘȕȣȔ ș ȚȖȟȒȐ ȏȘȍȕȐȧ ȔȍșȚȕȣȝ ȏȈȒȖȕȖȊ ȌȍȧȕȐȍȔ
ȒȈȒȐȔ ȉȍȏ șȖȔȕȍȕȐȧ ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȕȖ ȠȗȐȖȕșȚȊȖ
— ǵț ȌȖ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȌȖȑȌȍȚ — ȏȈșȔȍȧȓșȧ ȉȈȘȖȕ — Ǫȣ șȓȐ-
ȠȒȖȔ șȐȓȤȕȣ ȚȈȔ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋȈȝ ǺȐȝȖȋȖ ȖȒȍȈȕȈ ȇ ȊȍȌȤ ȏȕȈȦ
— ȓțȒȈȊȖ șȔȍȧșȤ ȌȖȉȈȊȐȓ Ȗȕ Ȑ ȝȓȖȗȕțȓ șȊȖȍȋȖ șȖȉȍșȍȌȕȐȒȈ
ȗȖ ȗȓȍȟț
ǪȖȚȈȕ țȠȍȓ, ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ țșȗȖȒȖȍȕȕȣȑ ǰȏȊȍșȚȐȍ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ
ǪȖȓȤȜ ȕȍ ȗȘȍȌȕȈȏȕȈȟȈȓșȧ Ȍȓȧ ȘȖȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȏȈȔȍșȚȐȚȍȓȧ Ȑ ȟȚȖ
ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȗȖȓȤȏțȍȚșȧ ȘȍȗțȚȈȞȐȍȑ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȖ ȓȖȊȒȖȋȖ ȌȐȗȓȖ-
ȔȈȚȈ Ȑ ȚȈȑȕȖȋȖ ȈȋȍȕȚȈ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȓȖ ǪȖȚȈȕț ȕȈȌȍȧȚȤșȧ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ
ȖȉȖȑȌȍȚșȧ ȉȓȈȋȖȗȖȓțȟȕȖ Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ ǪȖȓȤȜ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȗȖȒȐȕȍȚ
ǬȈȓȤȕȐȑ ǪȖșȚȖȒ Ȋșȍ ȊȖȑȌȍȚ Ȋ ȖȉȣȟȕțȦ ȕȍ ȚȈȒțȦ ȚȘȍȊȖȎ-
ȕțȦ Ȑ ȗȖȓȕțȦ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȍȑ ȒȖȓȍȦ
ǵȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȌȍȕȤ ǪȖȚȈȕ ȊȣȍȝȈȓ Ȋ ǩȍȘȓȐȕ Ƕȕ șȚȈȘȈȓșȧ Ȋ
ȗțȚȐ ȕȍ ȌțȔȈȚȤ Ȗ ȌȍȓȈȝ Ȑ ȘȈȏȊȓȍȟȤșȧ ȉȍȋțȡȍȑ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȍȋȖ
ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȗȈȕȖȘȈȔȖȑ ȓȍșȖȊ Ȑ ȟȍȘȕȣȝ ȒȖȍ-ȋȌȍ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȣȝ ȖȏȐ-
ȔȣȔȐ ȊșȝȖȌȈȔȐ ȗȖȓȍȑ Ƕȕ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȉȍȌȕȣȍ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȐ ȏȈȗȈȌȕȖ-
ȋȖ ȒȘȈȧ ș ȐȏȉȈȔȐ ȒȘȣȚȣȔȐ ȟȍȘȕȖȑ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȏ ȗȍȘȍȋȕȐȊ-
Ƞȍȑ șȖȓȖȔȖȑ ș ȋȖȓȖȌȕȣȔȐ ȎȈȓȒȐȔȐ ȒȖȘȖȊȈȔȐ șȖȕȕȖ ȉȘȖ-
ȌȧȡȐȔȐ ȗȖ ȋȘȧȏȕȣȔ ȌȖȘȖȋȈȔ ȉȓȍȌȕȣȝ ȉȍȓȖȒțȘȣȝ ȌȍȚȍȑ ș
ȐșȗțȋȈȕȕȣȔ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȖȔ șȔȖȚȘȍȊȠȐȝ ȕȈ ȉȍȋțȡȐȑ ȔȐȔȖ
ȗȖȍȏȌ — Ȑ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖ ȕȍ ȚȖ ȎȈȓȖșȚȐ ȕȍ ȚȖ
șȚȣȌȈ ȏȈȗȖȓȏȈȓȖ Ȋ șȍȘȌȞȍ ǪȖȚȈȕȈ Ƕȕ ȌțȔȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȔȕȖȋȐȍ
șȖȚȕȐ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȐȝ ȈȋȍȕȚȖȊ ȕȈ ȊȖșȗȐȚȈȕȐȍ Ȑ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȊȈȕȐȍ
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ȗȖȚȘȈȚȐȓȖ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȍ șȘȍȌșȚȊȈ Ȑ ȒȖ-

49
ȚȖȘȣȔ ȗȓȈȚȐȚ Ȑ șȍȑȟȈș ȉȈșȕȖșȓȖȊȕȣȍ ȖȒȓȈȌȣ ȏȈșȣȗȈȧ Ȑȝ
ȕȈȋȘȈȌȈȔȐ Ȑ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȕȖșȚȧȔȐ țȗȖȚȘȍȉȓȧȦȚ Ȋșȍ țȝȐȡȘȍ-
ȕȐȧ ȊȍșȤ șȊȖȑ ȚȈȓȈȕȚ ȐȏȖȉȘȍȚȈȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ Ȍȓȧ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȋ
ȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȈ ȥȚȐȝ ȟȍȘȕȣȝ ȗȖȓȧȝ ȏȈȋȘȍȔȧȚ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȐȍ
ȗțȠȒȐ țȕȐȟȚȖȎȈȚȤ șȍȘȣȍ ȘȧȌȣ ȖȚȞȖȊ Ȑ ȉȘȈȚȤȍȊ ȥȚȐȝ ȉȓȍȌ-
ȕȣȝ ȌȍȚȍȑ ș ȎȐȊțȡȐȔȐ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȐȕȍ Ȑȝ ȋȓȈȏ ȚȘȍȊȖȋȖȑ ȏȈ ȏȈȊȚ-
ȘȈȠȕȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ Ȑ șȚȘȈȝȖȔ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȗȖȌșȚȍȘȍȋȈȦȡȐȔȐ Ȑȝ ȗȖȊșȦ-
Ȍț ȋȖȓȖȌȖȔ Ȑ ȉȍȌȖȑ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ Ȋ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȉȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ǪȖȚȈȕ Ȑ
ȟțȊșȚȊȖ ȕȍȓȖȊȒȖȋȖ șȔțȡȍȕȐȧ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ șȚȣȌȈ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȖ
ȡȍȔȐȓȖ șȍȘȌȞȍ Ƕȕ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖȑ șȚȘȈȕȍ Ȋȣ-
ȘȖșȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȌȍȚȐ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȗȖȓȤȏțȦȚșȧ ȚȍȔȐ Ȏȍ ȗȘȈȊȈȔȐ ȒȈȒ
ȌȍȚȐ ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕ ȥȚȖȑ șȚȘȈȕȣ ǰ șȈȔ Ȗȕ șȚȈȘȣȑ ǪȖȚȈȕ ȉȣȊ-
ȠȐȑ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȐȑ ȗȖȌȌȈȕȕȣȑ Ȑ ȌȖ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȋȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȊȍȘ-
ȕȣȑ șȓțȋȈ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȐ ȉȣȓ ȖȚȓȐȟȍȕ Ȋ ǸȖșșȐȐ Ȑ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ Ȋșȍ
ȚȖ Ȗ ȟȍȔ ȍȌȊȈ ȓȐ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȔȍȟȚȈȚȤ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȕȣȑ ȘțșșȒȐȑ ȟȍ-
ȓȖȊȍȒ. ǪșȗȖȔȕȐȓ ǪȖȚȈȕ Ȑ Ȗ ȔȕȖȋȖȟȐșȓȍȕȕȣȝ șȊȖȐȝ ȌȘțȏȤȧȝ
Ȋ ȥȚȖȑ șȚȘȈȕȍ Ȑ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȟțȊșȚȊȖ șȚȣȌȈ ȊȣȏȊȈȓȖ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȓȐȞȍ
ȧȘȒȐȑ ȘțȔȧȕȍȞ ǵȖ Ȗȕ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ Ȋȏȧȓ șȍȉȧ Ȋ ȘțȒȐ Ȑ ȗȘȍȏȘȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖ țȓȣȉȕțȓșȧ
— ǷȖȏȌȕȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ — Ƞȍȗȕțȓ Ȗȕ— ǺȈȒ țȎ Ȑ ȌȖȎȐȊț ȌȖ
ȒȖȕȞȈ ǵȍȓȤȏȧ ȔȍȕȧȚȤșȧ ȕȈ șȒȓȖȕȍ ȎȐȏȕȐ
Ǩ ȗȖȍȏȌ ȗȘȖȕȖșȐȓșȧ ȔȐȔȖ șȚȈȕȞȐȑ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ Ȑ ȌȈȓȤ-
Ƞȍ ȖȚ ȉȍȘȍȋȖȊ ǺȐȝȖȋȖ ȖȒȍȈȕȈ ȉȣȓ șȚȈȘȣȑ ȌȍȓȍȞ ǹ ȒȈȎȌȣȔ
ȟȈșȖȔ ȉȓȐȎȍ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȈșȤ ȋȘȈȕȐȞȈ Ȑ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ șȒȖȘȍȍ Ȑ ȕȍ-
ȚȍȘȗȍȓȐȊȍȍ ȉȐȓȖșȤ șȍȘȌȞȍ ǪȖȚȈȕȈ
ǪȖȚ Ȑ ȅȑȌȒțȕȍȕ
ǫȍȘȔȈȕșȒȐȍ ȎȈȕȌȈȘȔȣ ȉȍȘȓȐȕșȒȐȍ ȒȖȕȌțȒȚȖȘȣ ȊȣȒȘȐ-
ȒȐ ȖȜȐȞȐȈȕȚȖȊ Ȑ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȍ ȕȍ ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌȐȊȠȐȍ ȍȡȍ ȘțșșȒȖȑ
ȋȘȈȕȐȞȣ ȋȈȏȍȚȣ
ǪȖȚȈȕ ȊȌȘțȋ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ șȍȉȧ ȗȖȔȖȓȖȌȍȊȠȐȔ Ƕȕ Ȋȣ-
ȗȘȧȔȐȓ șȊȖȑ șȋȖȘȉȓȍȕȕȣȑ șȚȈȕ ȊȣȠȍ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȉ ȋȓȈ-
ȏȈ ȍȋȖ ȏȈșȊȍȘȒȈȓȐ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȍȍ Ȑ ȖȎȐȊȓȍȕȕȍȍ
Ƕȕ șȘȈȏț ȗȖȏȈȉȣȓ Ȋșȍ Țȍ șȖȔȕȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȚȖ ȟțȊșȚȊȖ șȚȣȌȈ
ȗȍȘȍȌ șȊȖȍȑ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ ȘȖȌȐȕȖȑ ȒȈȒȐȍ ȔțȟȐȓȐ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȊȈȋȖȕȍ ȗȖ
ȗțȚȐ Ȓ ȋȘȈȕȐȞȍ
ǪȖȚȈȕ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍȔȍȞ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȊșȧȒȖȍ ȌȣȝȈ-
ȕȐȍ ȍȋȖ ȊșȧȒȈȧ ȒȈȗȓȧ ȒȘȖȊȐ ȍȋȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȓȐ ȖȉȡȍȋȖ ș

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ȗȘȐȦȚȐȊȠȍȑ ȍȋȖ șȚȘȈȕȖȑ ȘȈșȒȐȕțȊȠȍȑșȧ ȕȈ ȌȍșȧȚȒȐ Țȣșȧȟ
ȊȍȘșȚ Ȑ ȖșȚȈȊȠȍȑșȧ ȚȈȔ ȏȈ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȖȑ ȋȘȈȕȐȞȍȑ ȋȌȍ ȎȐȓȐ
ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ șȓțȟȈȑȕȣȍ ȌȘțȏȤȧ Ȑ ȕȍȕțȎȕȣȍ ȍȔț ȓȦȌȐ ș ȕȐȔȐ
ț ȕȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ șȍȘȌȍȟȕȣȝ șȊȧȏȍȑ Ȉ ȓȐȠȤ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȍ Ȍȍ-
ȓȖȊȣȍ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȧ ȗȖȓȕȣȍ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ șȚȖȘȖȎȒȖșȚȐ Ȑ șȔțȚȕȖ
șȖȏȕȈȊȈȍȔȖȑ ȋȖȚȖȊȕȖșȚȐ Ȓ ȖȚȗȖȘț Ȑ ȕȈȗȈȌȍȕȐȦ
Ǫ ȚȈȒȖȔ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖȔ Ȑ ȉȖȌȘȖȔ ȕȈșȚȘȖȍȕȐȐ ȋȓȈȊȈ ȜȐȘȔȣ
«ǨȘȚȐȋ Ȑ Ǫȍȑș» ȗȘȐȉȣȓ Ȋ ǩȍȘȓȐȕ Ȑ Ȋ ȚȖȚ Ȏȍ ȌȍȕȤ ȖȚȗȘȈ-
ȊȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȊȖȍȕȕȖȍ ȔȐȕȐșȚȍȘșȚȊȖ ȋȌȍ ȐȔȍȓ șȊȐȌȈȕȐȍ ș ǫȐȕȞȍ
ȅȚȖȚ ȌȍȓȈȦȡȐȑ ȒȈȘȤȍȘț ȌȐȗȓȖȔȈȚ șȖȖȉȡȐȓ ȍȔț ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȗȖ-
ȓțȟȐȓ ȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȍ Ȋ ǴȈȕȟȎțȘȐȦ Ȑ DzȐȚȈȑ ȒțȌȈ Ȗȕ ȖȚȗȘȈȊ-
ȓȧȍȚșȧ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȔ ȈȘȝȍȖȓȖȋȖȔ ȌȖȒȚȖȘȖȔ dzțȎȍȕȖȔ
ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȓȐȟȕȖ ȏȕȈȍȚ Ȑ ȖȟȍȕȤ țȊȈȎȈȍȚ ȐȔȗȍȘșȒȐȑ ȒȈȕȞȓȍȘ
șȟȐȚȈȦȡȐȑ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȗȖȓțțȟȍȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȓțȖȜȐȞȐȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȈȋȍȕȚȈ
ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ ȖȌȕȐȔ Ȑȏ ȐȏțȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȍȑȠȐȝ ȗȖ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖș-
ȚȧȔ ȌȐȗȓȖȔȈȚȖȊ Ȑ ȈȋȐȚȈȚȖȘȖȊ
Ǫ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȍ șȊȖȍȑ ȗȍȘȊȖȑ ȉȍșȍȌȣ ǫȐȕȞȍ șȖȖȉȡȐȓ ǪȖ-
ȚȈȕț ȟȚȖ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȑ ȕȍȌȍȓȍ șȖșȚȖȐȚșȧ ȚȈȑȕȖȍ ȏȈșȍȌȈȕȐȍ ȒȖȔȐș-
șȐȐ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȖȉȖȘȖȕȣ Ȑ Ȋ șȊȧȏȐ ș ȕȐȔ ȏȈșȍȌȈȕȐȍ Ȋ
ȊȖȍȕȕȖȔ ȔȐȕȐșȚȍȘșȚȊȍ ǵȈ ȖȉȈ ȥȚȐ ȏȈșȍȌȈȕȐȧ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤ-
șȚȊȖ Ȑ ȘȍȠȐȓȖ ȊȣȏȊȈȚȤ ǪȖȚȈȕȈ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȔȕȖȋȐȍ ȊȖȗȘȖșȣ ȉț-
ȌțȚ ȒȈșȈȚȤșȧ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ȌȈȓȤȕȍȊȖșȚȖȟȕȣȝ Ȍȍȓ
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȌȊȈ Ȍȕȧ ǪȖȚȈȕ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ ș ȒțȘȤȍ-
ȘȖȔ ȗȖȊȍșȚȒț ȗȘȐȋȓȈȠȈȦȡțȦ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȏȈșȍȌȈȕȐȍ ȒȖȔȐșșȐȐ
ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȖȉȖȘȖȕȣ ȘȍȑȝșȚȈȋȈ Ȋ ȗȧȚȕȐȞț
ǯȈșȍȌȈȕȐȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȔȕȖȋȖȓȦȌȕȖȍ DzȘȖȔȍ ȟȓȍȕȖȊ ȒȖ-
ȔȐșșȐȐ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȍȑ ȊȖȍȕȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȔȐȕȐșȚȍȘșȚȊ
ȊȖ ȋȓȈȊȍ ș ȖȉȖȐȔȐ ȔȐȕȐșȚȘȈȔȐ Ȋ ȒȖȔȐșșȐȦ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȐȋȓȈ-
ȠȍȕȖ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ șȊȍȌțȡȐȝ ȓȐȞ
IX
ǯȈșȍȌȈȕȐȍ ȕȈȟȈȓȖșȤ ȘȍȟȤȦ ȗȘȍȌșȍȌȈȚȍȓȧ ȒȖȔȐșșȐȐ ȀȐ-
ȓȤȌȔȍȑȍȘȈ ȅȚȖȚ ȗȖȎȐȓȖȑ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌȈȕȕȣȑ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȍȕȕȖ-
Ȕț ȉȖȓȤȠȐȕșȚȊț ȌȍȗțȚȈȚ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕȕțȦ ȘȍȟȤ șȔȣșȓ
ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ șȊȖȌȐȓșȧ Ȓ șȓȍȌțȦȡȍȔț

51
— ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȧ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȍȚșȧ Ȓ ȚȖȔț ȔȖȔȍȕȚț ȒȖȋȌȈ ȍȑ
ȗȘȐȌȍȚșȧ ȊȣșȚțȗȐȚȤ ȕȈ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȍ ȊȖȖȘțȎȍȕȕȖȍ șȖșȚȧȏȈȕȐȍ
ș ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȈȔȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȚȖȘȔȖȏȧȚ Ȑ Ȋ ȉțȌțȡȍȔ ȍȡȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ
șȚȍșȕȧȚ ȍȍ ȘȈȏȊȐȚȐȍ
Dz ȥȚȐȔ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȈȔ, ȉȍȏ șȖȔȕȍȕȐȧ, ȖȚȕȖșȧȚșȧ ǸȖșșȐȧ Ȑ
ǼȘȈȕȞȐȧ Ȉ ȚȈȒȎȍ ǹȍȘȉȐȧ Ȑ ȇȗȖȕȐȧ ȅȚȖ ȗȍȘȊȈȧ ȈȘȔȐȧ ȕȈ-
ȠȐȝ ȊȘȈȋȖȊ Ȑ ș ȕȐȔȐ Ȕȣ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȗȖȒȖȕȟȐȚȤ șȟȍȚȣ Ȋ ȗȍȘ-
ȊțȦ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȤ ǪȖ ȊȘȈȎȌȍȉȕȖȔ ȕȈȔ ȓȈȋȍȘȍ ȗȖȒȈ ș ȚȍȖȘȍȚȐȟȍ-
șȒȖȑ ȚȖȟȒȐ ȏȘȍȕȐȧ ȕȈȝȖȌȧȚșȧ ǨȕȋȓȐȧ Ȑ ǨȔȍȘȐȒȈ
— ȇ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȗȘȍȌșȍȌȈȚȍȓȤ ȒȖȔȐșșȐȐ — ȌȖȓ-
Ȏȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȉȣ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȠȐȔ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȣȔ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȈȔ ȉȖȓȤ-
Ƞȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȊȘȍȌȐȚȤ ǨȕȋȓȐȧ ȕȖ ȧ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȦ ȟȚȖ ǪȍȓȐȒȖ-
ȉȘȐȚȈȕȐȧ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȘȍȠȐȚșȧ ȊȣșȚțȗȐȚȤ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȕȈș Ȑ ȟȚȖ
ȖȕȈ șțȔȍȍȚ ȗȘȐȐșȒȈȚȤ șȗȖșȖȉȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȘȐȊȍȌțȚ Ȓ ȗȖȓȕȖ-
Ȕț șȖȋȓȈȠȍȕȐȦ ȖȚȕȖșȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȘȈȏȌȍȓȈ ȔȐȘȖȊȣȝ ȘȣȕȒȖȊ ȔȍȎ-
Ȍț ǨȕȋȓȐȍȑ Ȑ ȕȈȠȐȔ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȖȔ ǭșȓȐ ȥȚȖ șȓțȟȐȚșȧ ȕȈȔ
ȕȍȟȍȋȖ ȖȗȈșȈȚȤșȧ ȒȈȒȖȑ ȉȣ ȚȖ ȕȐ ȉȣȓȖ ȒȖȕȒțȘȍȕȞȐȐ șȖ
șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ǨȔȍȘȐȒȐ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȕȍȍ Ȕȣ ȔȖȎȍȔ ȌȊȐȕțȚȤ Ȋ
ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȌȈȕȕȣȑ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ șȖȍȌȐȕȍȕȕȣȍ ȔȖȘșȒȐȍ șȐȓȣ ȈȕȋȓȖ-
ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȖȋȖ ȜȓȖȚȈ Ȑ șȈȔȖșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȇȗȖȕȐȦ ǵȖ — ȗȘȖ-
ȌȖȓȎȈȓ ȖȘȈȚȖȘ — Ȕȣ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȔȖȎȍȔ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȖȎȐȚȤ Ȑ ȝțȌ-
ȠȐȑ ȊȣȝȖȌ Ȑȏ șȖȏȌȈȊȠȍȋȖșȧ ȊȍșȤȔȈ șȓȖȎȕȖȋȖ ȔȐȘȖȊȖȋȖ ȗȖ-
ȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ Ȉ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ȚȖȚ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȒȖȋȌȈ ǨȕȋȓȐȧ șȖȟȚȍȚ Ȍȓȧ
șȍȉȧ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȣȔ ȉȘȖșȐȚȤ ȕȈȔ ȊȣȏȖȊ. ǵȖ ȒȈȒ ȧ țȎȍ șȒȈȏȈȓ
Ȉ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȧ ȥȚȖ Ȋ ȗȖȓȕȖȔ șȖȋȓȈșȐȐ ș ȔȕȍȕȐȍȔ ǭȋȖ ǪȍȓȐȟȍ-
șȚȊȈ ǰȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘȈ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊțȦ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȤ Ȕȣ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȘȈșșȟȐȚȈȚȤ-
șȧ ș ȕȈȏȊȈȕȕȣȔȐ ȔȕȖȑ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȈȔȐ ǵȈșȚȖȧȡȍȍ ȗȖȓȖȎȍ-
ȕȐȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ Ȍȓȧ ȕȈș ȊȣȋȖȌȕȖ ǸȖșșȐȧ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚșȧ ȕȈȒȈȕțȕȍ ȊȖȑ-
ȕȣ ș ȇȗȖȕȐȍȑ Ȉ ȗȖȚȖȔț Ȕȣ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȊșȍȔȍȘȕȖ ȐșȗȖȓȤȏȖ-
ȊȈȚȤ ȥȚȖȚ ȐșȚȖȘȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ Ȑ șȖȌȍȑșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ ȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ-
ȉȣ ǸȖșșȐȧ ȉȣȓȈ ȖșȓȈȉȓȍȕȈ ǶȌȕȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ Ȕȣ Ȋșȍ ȖȚȓȐȟȕȖ
ȗȖȕȐȔȈȍȔ ȟȚȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ȖșȓȈȉȓȍȕȈ ȕȈ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȓȍȚ Ȑ ȇȗȖȕȐȧ ȕȖ
țșȓțȋȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȕȣ ȍȑ ȖȒȈȎȍȔ șȖȝȘȈȕȧȧ ȉȓȈȋȖȗȘȐȧȚșȚȊțȦ-
ȡȐȑ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȍ ȕȍȑȚȘȈȓȐȚȍȚ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȚ ȕȈȔ ȌȖșȚȐȋȕțȚȤ ȗȖȓȕȖ-
ȋȖ ȌȖȊȍȘȐȧ ǺȖȒȐȑșȒȖȋȖ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚȈ ȅȚȖ ȌȖȊȍȘȐȍ ȌȈșȚ ȊȖȏȔȖȎ-
ȕȖșȚȤ ȕȈȠȐȔ ȈȋȍȕȚȈȔ ȗȘȖȕȐȒȕțȚȤ ȗȖȊșȦȌț Ȑ ȐȏțȟȐȚȤ șȚȘȈ-
ȕț ȍȍ ȊȖȖȘțȎȍȕȕȣȍ șȐȓȣ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȒȈȒ Ȕȣ ȐȏțȟȐȓȐ
ǸȖșșȐȦ ǼȘȈȕȞȐȦ Ȑ ǨȕȋȓȐȦ ǺȖȋȌȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȈșȚȈȕȍȚ ȊȘȍȔȧ

52
ȊȖȖȘțȎȍȕȕȖȋȖ șȚȖȓȒȕȖȊȍȕȐȧ ș ȇȗȖȕȐȍȑ Ȕȣ ȉȍȏ șȖȔȕȍȕȐȧ
șțȔȍȍȔ ȐșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȚȤ Ȋșȍ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȌȈȌțȚ ȕȈȔ ȕȈȠȐ ȈȋȍȕȚȣ
ǷȘȐȋȓȈȠȈȧ ȕȈ șȍȋȖȌȕȧȠȕȍȍ ȏȈșȍȌȈȕȐȍ ȊȣȌȈȦȡȐȝșȧ ȋȍȘȔȈȕ-
șȒȐȝ ȌȍȧȚȍȓȍȑ Ȑȏ Țȍȝ șȚȘȈȕ ș ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ șțȎȌȍȕȖ ȉțȌȍȚ șȚȖȓȒ-
ȕțȚȤșȧ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȐ ȒȖȔȐșșȐȧ ȘȍȑȝșȚȈȋȈ șȌȍȓȈȓȈ ȥȚȖ ș ȞȍȓȤȦ
ȊȣȧșȕȐȚȤ ȐȔ ȊșȦ ȊȈȎȕȖșȚȤ ȚȍȗȍȘȍȠȕȍȋȖ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȕȍȖȉ-
ȝȖȌȐȔȖșȚȤ ș Ȑȝ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ șȖȌȍȑșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ ȈȋȍȕȚțȘȕȖȑ ȌȍȧȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖșȚȐ ȈȋȍȕȚȖȊ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ Ȑ ȊȖȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȔȐȕȐșȚȍȘșȚȊ
ǷȖșȓȍ ȥȚȖȑ ȘȍȟȐ ȊșȚȘȍȟȍȕȕȖȑ ȉțȘȕȣȔȐ ȈȗȓȖȌȐșȔȍȕȚȈ-
ȔȐ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ȝțȌȖȑ șțȚțȓȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ș șȍȌȖȑ ȉȖȘȖȌȒȖȑ Ȑ
ȌȓȐȕȕȣȔȐ ȘȈșȚȘȍȗȈȕȕȣȔȐ ȊȖȓȖșȈȔȐ
— ǨȊȋțșȚ ǩȍȉȍȓȤ — ȗȘȖȕȍșșȧ ȊȏȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȕȕȣȑ ȠȍȗȖȚ ȗȖ
ȏȈȓț
ǪȖȎȌȤ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȐȝ șȖȞȐȈȓȐșȚȖȊ ȉȓȍȌȕȖȑ ȚȖȕȒȖȑ ȘțȒȖȑ
ȖȚȒȐȕțȓ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȧȌȍȑ ȊȖȓȖș țȗȈȊȠȐȝ ȕȈ ȓȖȉ Ȑ șȓȍȋȒȈ
ȗȘȍȘȣȊȈȦȡȐȔșȧ ȕȖ ȗȘȐȊȣȟȕȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ
— ǫȖșȗȖȌȈ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȊȣșȓțȠȈȕȕțȦ ȘȍȟȤ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȗȘȍȌ-
șȍȌȈȚȍȓȧ, ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȔȖȐ șȓȖȊȈ, ȏȈȕȍșȍȚ șȍȒȘȍȚȈȘȐȈȚ Ȋ ȎțȘ-
ȕȈȓ ȹ  ǰ ȗȖȚȖȔșȚȊȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȖȏȕȈȒȖȔȐȚșȧ ș ȚȍȔ,
ȟȚȖ ȌțȔȈȓȐ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȌȍȧȚȍȓȐ ȕȈȠȍȑ șȚȘȈȕȣ Ȗ ȚȖȑ ȕȘȈȊ-
șȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȒȈȒ ȥȚȖ ȕȐ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȔ ȊȈȔ ȗȖȒȈ-
ȎȍȚșȧ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȉȣȚȤ ȌȈȎȍ Ȋ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȒȍ ǴȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑ-
ȕȖȍ ȘȈȏȊȐȚȐȍ ȈȋȍȕȚțȘȕȖȑ ȌȍȧȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ȟȐȕȖȊȕȐȒȖȊ ȔȖȘșȒȖ-
ȋȖ Ȑ ȊȖȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȔȐȕȐșȚȍȘșȚȊ ȗȖ ȐȔȍȦȡȐȔșȧ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȌȈȕȕȣȔ
ȊȣȏȣȊȈȍȚ ȒȘȈȑȕȍȍ ȕȍțȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȍ Ȑ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȖȚȕȖ-
ȠȍȕȐȍ Ȓ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȐȔ ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕȈȔ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ Țȍȝ șȚȘȈȕȈȝ
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȘȍȌșȍȌȈȚȍȓȦ țȋȖȌȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȚȤ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊțȦ ȒȈ-
ȚȍȋȖȘȐȦ ȕȈȠȐȝ ȊȘȈȋȖȊ ȕȖ Ȑ Ȋ ǨȕȋȓȐȐ Ȑ Ȋ ǨȔȍȘȐȒȍ ȇ ȉȣ
șȒȈȏȈȓ ȟȚȖ ǨȕȋȓȐȧ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȖȏȈȉȖȟȍȕȈ Ȑ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȖșȊȍȌȖȔȓȍ-
ȕȈ Ȗ ȌȍȧȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ȔȕȖȋȐȝ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȗȖȟȚȍȕȕȣȝ
ȓȐȞ ȧȊȓȧȦȡȐȝșȧ ȈȋȍȕȚȈȔȐ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȊȖȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȔȐȕȐșȚȍȘșȚ-
ȊȈ ȒȈȒ ȕȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ ȗȘȍșȓȖȊțȚȖȋȖ ȌȖȒȚȖȘȈ ǷțȎȍȕȈ ȌȍȧȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖșȚȤ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȉȣȓȈ țȎȍ ȗȖ ȌȖșȚȖȐȕșȚȊț ȖȞȍȕȍȕȈ ȗȘȈȊȐ-
ȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖȔ ǪȍȓȐȒȖȉȘȐȚȈȕȐȐ ȊȣșȓȈȊȠȐȔ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȈȋȐȚȈȚȖȘȈ Ȑ
ȠȗȐȖȕȈ Ȑȏ ȗȘȍȌȍȓȖȊ ǹȖȍȌȐȕȍȕȕȖȋȖ DzȖȘȖȓȍȊșȚȊȈ ȇ ȗȖȏȊȖ-
ȓȧȦ șȍȉȍ ȊȖȏȘȈȏȐȚȤ ȗȘȍȌșȍȌȈȚȍȓȦ Ȑ țȚȊȍȘȎȌȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȏȓȍȑ-
ȠȐȔ ȕȈȠȐȔ ȊȘȈȋȖȔ Ȋ șȓțȟȈȍ, ȍșȓȐ Ȕȣ șȚȖȓȒȕȍȔșȧ ș ȕȈȠȐ-
ȔȐ șȖșȍȌȧȔȐ ȉțȌȍȚ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ǨȕȋȓȐȧ ȇ ȖȉȓȈȌȈȦ ȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚȈ-

53
ȔȐ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȦȡȐȔȐ șȍȒȘȍȚȣ ȊȖȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȔȐȕȐșȚȍȘșȚȊȈ Ȍȓȧ
Ȋșȍȝ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȟȓȍȕȖȊ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȑ ȒȖȔȐșșȐȐ Ȑ ȗȖȌȓȍȎȈȡȐȝ Ȗȋ-
ȓȈȠȍȕȐȦ ȓȐȠȤ Ȋ ȥȚȐȝ șȚȍȕȈȝ ȇ ȉȓȐȏȒȖ ȖȏȕȈȒȖȔȐȓșȧ ș ȒȘȍ-
ȌȐȚȈȔȐ ȖȚȗțșȒȈȍȔȣȔȐ ȗȖ șȚȈȚȤȍ ©Ǫª ȏȈ ȹȹ   
Ȑ  DzȘȍȌȐȚȣ ȥȚȐ ȗȘȍȌȖșȚȈȊȓȧȦȚșȧ ȕȈȠȐȔ ȚȈȑȕȣȔ Ȉȋȍȕ-
ȚȈȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȐȏțȟȈȦȚ Ȋ ȎȍȓȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȔ Ȍȓȧ ȊȖȍȕȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȔȖȘ-
șȒȖȋȖ ȔȐȕȐșȚȍȘșȚȊ șȔȣșȓȍ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșțȦȡȐȍ ȕȈș șȚȘȈȕȣ ǹȘȍ-
ȌȐ ȥȚȐȝ ȈȋȍȕȚȖȊ ȕȈȝȖȌȧȚșȧ ȓȦȌȐ ȕȍȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȏȈȕȧȚȐȑ
ȕȖ Ȑ ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȒȘțȗȕȣȍ ȜȐȘȔȣ ȏȈȊȖȍȊȈȊȠȐȍ ȖȉȠȐȘȕȣȍ Șȣȕ-
ȒȐ Ȑ ȌȍȘȎȈȡȐȍ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ Ȟȍȓȣȍ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȣȍ ȘȈȑȖȕȣ Dz ȚȈȒȐȔ
ȜȐȘȔȈȔ ȧ ȗȘȐȟȐșȓȧȦ ȗȘȖȔȣȠȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȉȈȕȒ DzȘȍȔȔȍȘȈ Ȋ
ǷȈȘȐȎȍ ȔȈȠȐȕȖșȚȘȖȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȏȈȊȖȌ ǫȘȖșȔȈȕȈ Ȑ ǩȓȦȝȍȘȈ
Ȋ dzȐȊȍȘȗțȓȍ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȖȚȌȍȓȍȕȐȧ Ȋ dzȖȕȌȖȕȍ Ȑ ȜȐȘȔȣ ǸȖȌȗȍȓȧ
ǨȘȚȐȋ Ȑ Ǫȍȑș ǪȐȚȔȈȕ Ȑ ǩȈțȥȘȕȈȔȍȘ ǺțȒȒȍȘȚ ǽȐȓȤȔȈȕș ǬȈȕ-
ȋȍȓȐȌȍȘ Ȑ ȌȘ Ȋ ǸȖșșȐȐ ȇ ȕȍ ȉțȌț țȚȖȔȓȧȚȤ ȊȈȠȍȋȖ ȊȕȐȔȈ-
ȕȐȧ ȗȍȘȍȟȐșȓȍȕȐȍȔ Ȋșȍȝ șțȔȔ ȖȚȗțȡȍȕȕȣȝ ȕȈ ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȈ-
ȕȐȍ ȌȍȧȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ȕȈȏȊȈȕȕȣȝ ȜȐȘȔ șȒȈȎț ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȖ
ȒȘȍȌȐȚț ȹ  ȖȚ  ȕȖȧȉȘȧ  ȋȖȌȈ ȍȎȍȋȖȌȕȖ ȚȍȘȗȧȡȈȧ
țȉȣȚȒȐ ȗȖ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ șȊȖȐȔ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȣȔ ȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȧȔ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȍ-
ȔȣȔ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖșȚȤȦ ȐșȗȖȓȕȧȚȤ ȗȘȍȌȗȐșȈȕȐȧ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤ-
șȚȊȈ ȜȐȘȔȈ «ǨȘȚȐȋ Ȑ Ǫȍȑș» Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȋȖȌț ȗȖȓțȟȐȓȈ 
ȔȈȘȖȒ șțȉșȐȌȐȐ Ȋ ȜȖȘȔȍ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȚȈ ȏȈ ȐșȗȖȓȕȍȕȕȣȍ ȗȖ ȚȘȍ-
ȉȖȊȈȕȐȦ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ Ȑ țȉȣȚȖȟȕȣȍ ȏȈȒȈȏȣ ȇ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȦ
șȍȉȍ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȚȤ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȗȖȟȚȍȕȕȖȋȖ șȖȉȘȈȕȐȧ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȒȈȧ Ȍȍȧ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ ȈȋȍȕȚȖȊ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȍȚ ȓȐȠȤ
ȒȘȈȑȕȍȍ ȘȈȏȌȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȕȍȌȖȊȍȘȐȍ Ȓ ȕȈȔ Ȉ ȥȚȖ țȋȘȖȎȈȍȚ
ȕȈȟȈȓȖȔ ȊȖȑȕȣ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑșȒȐȝ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊ ș ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȍȑ ȉȣȚȤ
ȔȖȎȍȚ ȋȖȘȈȏȌȖ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȔȖȔȍȕȚȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȕȣ șȖȟȚȍȔ șȍ-
ȉȧ ȋȖȚȖȊȣȔȐ ȗȘȐȕȧȚȤ ȊȣȏȖȊ
ǷȖșȓȍ ȥȚȐȝ ȌȊțȝ Șȍȟȍȑ ȕȈȟȈȓȐșȤ ȗȘȍȕȐȧ ȗȘȐȟȍȔ ǩȍȉȍ-
ȓȦ ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȖșȚȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȗȖȓȕȖȔ ȖȌȐȕȖȟȍșȚȊȍ Ȑ Ȋșȧ ȒȖȔȐș-
șȐȧ ȒȈȒ ȖȌȐȕ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȊȣșȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȏȈ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖșȚȤ ȗȘȖ-
ȌȖȓȎȈȚȤ ȖșȊȍȌȖȔȐȚȍȓȤȕțȦ ȌȍȧȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȐȝ ȈȋȍȕȚȖȊ
Ȑ ȜȐȘȔ ȕȈȝȖȌȧȡȐȝșȧ ȏȈ ȋȘȈȕȐȞȍȑ
ǪȖȚȈȕ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȓțȠȈȓ ȔȕȍȕȐȧ ȊȣșȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȔȣȍ ȓȐ-
ȞȈȔȐ șȚȖȧȡȐȔȐ ț șȈȔȖȋȖ ȋȖȘȕȐȓȈ ȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȧ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȐ
Ǭȓȧ ȕȍȋȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȧșȕȖ ȓȐȠȤ ȖȌȕȖ ȟȚȖ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȧ ȏȈȒȈȕȟȐȊȈȍȚ
șȊȖȐ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȍ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȓȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȉȓȐȏȖȒ ȟȈș ȒȖȋȌȈ ȏȈȊȍȚ-

54
ȕȈȧ ȔȍȟȚȈ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘȈ ǪȐȓȤȋȍȓȤȔȈ — ȐșȗȣȚȈȚȤ șȊȖȐ șȐȓȣ
— ȖșțȡȍșȚȊȐȚșȧ
ǪȖȚȈȕț ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȚȤșȧ ȌȖȔȖȑ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȔȣșȓȐ
ȍȋȖ ȉȣȓȐ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȕȣ Ȑ ȏȈșȚȈȊȓȧȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ
șȗȍȠȐȚȤ Ƕȕ ȉȣșȚȘȣȔȐ ȠȈȋȈȔȐ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȕȈ țȓȐȞț «ǷȖȌ dzȐ-
ȗȈȔȐ» Ȑ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȧ ȔȐȔȖ șȚȈȚțȑ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȈȦȡȐȝ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖ-
ȘȖȊ Ȑ ȊȍȓȐȒȐȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȐ ȌțȔȈȓ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȒȈȒ ȟȈșȚȖ ȒȈ-
ȏȈȓȖșȤ ȋȍȕȐȈȓȤȕȣȍ Ȑ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȖ șȔȍȓȣȍ ȗȓȈȕȣ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌȗȖ-
ȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ ȥȚȐȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȘȈȏȉȐȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȗ șȓțȟȈȑȕțȦ ȕȐȒȍȔ ȕȍ
ȗȘȍȌțșȔȖȚȘȍȕȕțȦ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖșȚȤ ǭȔț șȚȈȓȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ
«ǷȖȌțȔȈȚȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ — ȌțȔȈȓ ǪȖȚȈȕ — ǹȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȍșȧȚȒȖȊ
ȓȍȚ ȊȍșȤ ȕȈȘȖȌ ș ȕȍȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȔ ȗȖȟȚȐ șȚȐȝȐȑȕȣȔ ȕȈȗȘȧ-
ȎȍȕȐȍȔ șȐȓ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȍȚ ȕȈȌ ȕȈȒȖȗȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȒȖȓȖșșȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȉȖ-
ȋȈȚșȚȊ DzȈȒ Ȗȕ ȌȖșȚȐȋȈȍȚ ȗȖȟȚȐ șȊȍȘȝȢȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ țșȗȍȝȖȊ
ȊȖ Ȋșȍȝ ȖȉȓȈșȚȧȝ ȒțȓȤȚțȘȕȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȔțȌȘȖ ș ȊȣȌȍȘȎ-
ȒȖȑ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȉȍșȗȘȍȒȖșȓȖȊȕȖ ȕȈȉȓȦ-
ȌȈȍȚ ȏȈ ȚȍȔ ȒȈȒ ȘȈșȝȐȡȈȦȚșȧ ȥȚȐ ȉȖȋȈȚșȚȊȈ ȕȈ ȕȐȒȖȔț Ȋ
șȚȘȈȕȍ ȕȍ ȕțȎȕȣȍ Ȑ ȉȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȊȍȌțȡȐȍ Ȓ ȘȖȒȖȊȖȑ ȘȈȏ-
ȊȧȏȒȍ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȍ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȓȍȕȐȧ».
ǪȖȚȈȕț ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȧ ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ țșȐȓȍȕ-
ȕȣȑ ȘȖșȚ ȗȘȖȔȣȠȓȍȕȕȖșȚȐ Ȍȓȧ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȔȖ-
ȋȓȖ Ȋ ȖȌȐȕ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȕȍ ȖȒȈȏȈȚȤșȧ ȔȍșȚȈ ȊȖ Ȋșȍȑ șȚȘȈ-
ȕȍ Ȑ ȍȍ ȒȖȓȖȕȐȧȝ ȍȡȍ ȔȖȋȓȈ ȉȣ Ȋ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȌȊțȝ-ȚȘȍȝ Ȍȍ-
șȧȚȒȖȊ ȓȍȚ ȎȐȚȤ ȐȏȉȍȋȈȧ ȊȖ ȟȚȖ ȉȣ ȚȖ ȕȐ șȚȈȓȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȋȖ
ȗȘȐȏȘȈȒȈ ȊȖȑȕȣ ȖȉȔȈȕȟȐȊȖȋȖ Ȑ ȒȈȗȘȐȏȕȖȋȖ șȖȦȏȕȐȒȈ ǶȌ-
ȕȈȒȖ ȗȖ ȔȍȘȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȒȈȒ ȎȐȓ ǪȖȚȈȕ Ȋ ǩȍȘȓȐȕȍ Ȑ ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ ȏȕȈ-
ȒȖȔȐȓșȧ ș ȜȈȉȘȐȒȈȔȐ ș ȏȈȊȖȌȈȔȐ ș ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȐ-
ȊȈȓȈ ȜȐȘȔȈ «ǨȘȚȐȋ Ȑ Ǫȍȑș» ȌȍȓȖȊȣȍ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȧ Ȗȕ Ȋșȍ ȉȖ-
ȓȍȍ Ȑ ȉȖȓȍȍ țȉȍȎȌȈȓșȧ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȧ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȧ ȋȖȚȖȊȈ Ȓ ȊȖȑȕȍ ǵȈ
ȜȈȉȘȐȒȈȝ Ȗȕ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȌȊȈ ȘȖȌȈ ȔȈȠȐȕ ȖȌȕȐ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȋȖȚȖȊȐȓȐ
ȚȖȊȈȘȣ Ȉ ȌȘțȋȐȍ șȚȖȧȓȐ, ȏȈȒȘȣȚȣȍ ȟȍȝȓȈȔȐ ȐȓȐ ȌȍȘȍȊȧȕ-
ȕȖȑ ȖȉȠȐȊȒȖȑ Ȑ ȎȌȈȓȐ ȔȖȔȍȕȚȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȐȔ ȗȘȐȒȈȎțȚ Ȋȣ-
ȉȘȈșȣȊȈȚȤ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȕțȎȕȖ Ȍȓȧ ȊȖȑȕȣ
ǪȖȚȈȕț șȌȍȓȈȓȖșȤ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȏȈ șȊȖȦ ȘȖȌȐȕț ǰ Ȗȕ ȍȡȍ ȘȈȏ
ȌȖ ȉȖȓȐ ȧșȕȖ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ ȓȦȉȐȚ ȥȚț șȚȘȈȕț ȒȖȚȖ-
ȘțȦ ȗȖȒȐȕțȓ ȦȕȖȠȍȑ Ȑ ȒțȌȈ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȗȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȈȔ ȊȖȏȊȘȈ-
ȡȈȓșȧ țȎȍ șȚȈȘȐȒȖȔ Ȑ ȗȖȌȌȈȕȕȣȔ ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȈ șȚȖȧ-
ȡȍȋȖ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊȖȔ ȘȧȌț ȌȍȘȎȈȊ ȚȖȓȒȈȍȔȣȝ Ȓ ȕȍȐȏȉȍȎȕȖȔț Șȍ-

55
ȠȍȕȐȦ — ȊșȚțȗȐȚȤ Ȋ ȒȘȖȊȈȊȣȑ șȗȖȘ ș ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȍȑ
X
ǵȈșȚțȗȐȓ ȌȍȕȤ șȖȊȍȡȈȕȐȧ ȗȘȐ ȊȖȍȕȕȖȔ ȔȐȕȐșȚȍȘșȚȊȍ
ȒțȌȈ ȉȣȓ ȗȘȐȋȓȈȠȍȕ Ȑ ǪȖȚȈȕ ǯȈșȍȌȈȕȐȍ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȓȖ Ȋ
ȕȈȟȈȓȍ ȕȖȧȉȘȧ Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓȖșȤ ȖȕȖ ȌȖȒȓȈȌȖȔ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȋȖ ȗȖȗț-
ȓȧȘȕȖȋȖ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓȈ ǼȈȓȤȒȍȕȋȈȑȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȘȍȏȒȐȔ ȗȘȐȊȣȒ-
ȠȐȔ Ȓ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȕȐȧȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ șȖȖȉȡȐȓ ȞȍȓȤ Ȍȓȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ
ȗȘȐȋȓȈȠȍȕȣ ȓȐȞȈ ș ȔȍșȚ ǷȖ șȓȖȊȈȔ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓȈ ȊȖȑȕȈ ǸȖș-
șȐȐ ș ȇȗȖȕȐȍȑ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȕȈȟȈȚȤșȧ ș ȔȐȕțȚȣ ȕȈ ȔȐȕțȚț Ȑ ȟȚȖ
ȧȗȖȕȞȣ ȖȎȐȌȈȦȚ ȓȐȠȤ ȗȘȐȉȣȚȐȧ ȒȘȍȑșȍȘȖȊ «DzȈșșțȋȐ» Ȑ
«ǵȐșșȐȕȈ» Ȑȏ DzȘȈșȕȖȋȖ ȔȖȘȧ Ȋ ǰȕȌȐȑșȒȐȑ ȖȒȍȈȕ ǫȍȕȍȘȈȓ
ȗȍȘȍȌȈȓ șȖȉȘȈȊȠȐȔșȧ ȊȖȓȦ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘȈ ǪȐȓȤȋȍȓȤȔȈ ǵȍȖȉ-
ȝȖȌȐȔȖ ȊșȍȔ ȋȍȘȔȈȕȞȈȔ ȋȌȍ ȉȣ ȖȕȐ ȕȐ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓȐșȤ ȖȒȈȏȣ-
ȊȈȚȤ ȊșȧȒȖȍ șȖȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍ ȧȗȖȕșȒȖȑ ȈȘȔȐȐ Ȑ ȜȓȖȚț ȕȍ ȕȈȘț-
ȠȈȧ ȓȐȠȤ ȕȍȑȚȘȈȓȐȚȍȚȈ ȊȖȖȘțȎȍȕȕȣȔ ȊȔȍȠȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖȔ Ȋ
ȊȖȑȕț ǾȍȓȤ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ șȖȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧ — ȖșȓȈȉȓȍȕȐȍ ǸȖșșȐȐ Ȑ Ȋ ȚȖ
Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȐșȚȖȡȍȕȐȍ ȇȗȖȕȐȐ ǶșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȍȌȗȐșȈȕȐȍ ȒȈ-
șȈȍȚșȧ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȐȝ ȜȐȘȔ ȕȈȝȖȌȧȡȐȝșȧ ȕȈ ǺȐȝȖȖȒȍȈȕșȒȖȔ ȗȖ-
ȉȍȘȍȎȤȍ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȗȘȍȌȍȓȈȝ ǸȖșșȐȐ ȚȈȒ Ȑ Ȋ ȗȘȍȌȍȓȈȝ DzȐȚȈȧ
ȇȗȖȕșȒȐȔ ȠȗȐȖȕȈȔ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖ ȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ ȗȘȐȦȚ Ȑ ȏȈȡȐ-
Țț Ǭȓȧ ȟȍȋȖ ȗȖ ȏȈȧȊȓȍȕȐȦ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓȈ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȔ ȜȐȘȔȈȔ ȕȈ
ǺȐȝȖȔ ȖȒȍȈȕȍ ȉțȌțȚ ȊȣȌȈȕȣ ȖșȖȉȣȍ ȗȈșȗȖȘȚȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȖȕȐ,
Ȋ șȓțȟȈȍ ȕȈȌȖȉȕȖșȚȐ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȌțȚ șȒȘȣȊȈȦȡȐȔșȧ Ȋ Ȑȝ ȌȖȔȈȝ
ȧȗȖȕȞȈȔ
ǯȈȒȖȕȟȐȊ șȊȖȍ ȏȈȧȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓ ǼȈȓȤȒȍȕȋȈȑȕ ȗȘȖșȐȓ
ǪȖȚȈȕȈ ȊȣșȒȈȏȈȚȤ șȊȖȍ ȔȕȍȕȐȍ ȖȚȕȖșȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȏȕȈȓ
Ȗ șȐȓȈȝ ȖȉȖȐȝ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȐȒȖȊ ȕȈ ǺȐȝȖȔ ȖȒȍȈȕȍ
ǪȖȚȈȕ Ȋȣȕțȓ ȏȈȗȐșȕțȦ ȒȕȐȎȒț Ȑ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȣȔ țȊȍȘȍȕ-
ȕȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȌȖȒȓȈȌ, ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȌȖȒȈ-
ȏȈȓ ȒȈȒȐȍ ȚȖȟȕȣȍ șȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ ȉȣȓȐ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȘȈșȗȖȘȧȎȍȕȐȐ Ȑ ȒȈ-
ȒȐȝ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȐȝ ȈȋȍȕȚȖȊ ȐȔȍȓȖ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȖȍ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ Ȋ
ȓȐȞȍ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȣȝ ȌȖȔȖȊ șȊȖȐȝ ȗȖȌȌȈȕȕȣȝ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋȈȝ ǺȐȝȖȋȖ
ȖȒȍȈȕȈ

56
ǪȖȚȈȕ țȗȖȔȧȕțȓ ȟȚȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȗȖȔȖȡȤȦ ȍȔț Ȋ ȍȋȖ Ȍȍȧ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ȧȊȓȧȓȐșȤ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȔȍȓȒȐȍ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȍ ȜȐȘȔȣ ȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȍ șȓțȎȐȓȐ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒȈȔȐ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȊȈȎȕȣȝ Ȑ ȗȖȘȖȑ ȚȘțȌ-
ȕȖ ȗȖȓțȟȈȍȔȣȝ șȊȍȌȍȕȐȑ ȚȘȍȉțȦȡȐȝ șȗȍȞȐȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȓȖȊȒȖ-
șȚȐ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȘȐșȒȈ ǺȈȒ ȕȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ șȓțȎȈȡȐȝ ȚȖȘȋȖ-
ȊȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ «ǪȐȚȔȈȕ Ȑ ǩȈțȥȘȕȈȔȍȘ» ȗȍȘȍȖȌȍȊȈȓșȧ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȍȔ
Ȑ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȓ țȟȈșȚȐȍ ȗȖȌ ȊȐȌȖȔ ȗȘȖșȚȖȋȖ ȘȈȉȖȟȍȋȖ Ȋ ȗȖșȚ-
ȘȖȑȒȍ ȕȖȊȣȝ țȒȘȍȗȓȍȕȐȑ Ȉ ȚȍȝȕȐȒ ǩȘȦȓȤ șȓțȎȐȊȠȐȑ Ȋ ȔȈ-
ȋȈȏȐȕȍ ǬȈȕȋȍȓȐȌȍȘȈ Ȋ ȒȈȟȍșȚȊȍ șȓȍșȈȘȧ ȗȘȖȕȐȒ ȕȈ ȖȘțȎȍȑ-
ȕȣȑ ȏȈȊȖȌ ǨȘȐșȈȒȐ Ȑ ȌȖșȚȈȊȐȓ ȖȚȚțȌȈ ȊȍșȤȔȈ Ȟȍȕȕȣȍ ȌȈȕ-
ȕȣȍ Ȗ ȕȖȊȖȑ ȧȗȖȕșȒȖȑ ȈȘȚȐȓȓȍȘȐȐ Ȑ Ȗ ȗȓȈȕȍ ȖȉȕȖȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȏȈ-
ȗȈșȖȊ ȖȘțȌȐȑȕȣȝ ȟȈșȚȍȑ Ȑ șȕȈȘȧȌȖȊ
ǬȖȒȓȈȌ ǪȖȚȈȕȈ ȉȣȓ ȊșȚȘȍȟȍȕ ȘțȒȖȗȓȍșȒȈȕȐȧȔȐ ǻȊȍȘȍȕ-
ȕȣȑ ȚȖȕ ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȕȍȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȈȧ ȚȖȟȕȖșȚȤ ȞȐȜȘ Ȑ Ȋșȍȝ șȊȍ-
ȌȍȕȐȑ șȖȖȉȡȍȕȕȣȝ ȋȓȈȊȖȑ ȜȐȘȔȣ «ǨȘȚȐȋ Ȑ Ǫȍȑș» ȌȖȒȈ-
ȏȈȓȐ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊțȦȡȐȔ Ȋ ȒȈȒȐȝ ȐșȒȓȦȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȈȌȍȎȕȣȝ
ȘțȒȈȝ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚșȧ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ Ȋ ȟțȎȐȝ Ȑ șȒȖȘȖ ȉȣȚȤ
ȔȖȎȍȚ ȊȘȈȎȌȍȉȕȣȝ șȚȘȈȕȈȝ ǷȖ ȖȒȖȕȟȈȕȐȐ ȏȈșȍȌȈȕȐȧ ȋȍȕȍ-
ȘȈȓ ǼȈȓȤȒȍȕȋȈȑȕ ȗȘȐȋȓȈșȐȓ ǪȖȚȈȕȈ ȗȘȖȍȝȈȚȤșȧ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȕȐȔ
Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȍ
ǷȖ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȓ ǪȖȚȈȕț ȗȘȐȊȍȚ ȖȚ ȗȘȐȕȞȈ
ǫȍȕȘȐȝȈ Ȑ ȖȚ ȊȖȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȔȐȕȐșȚȘȈ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȑȌȧ ȏȈȚȍȔ Ȓ ȚȍȔ Ȍȍ-
ȓȈȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȉȣȓȐ Ȍȓȧ ȖȉȖȐȝ ȉȓȐȏȒȐ ȗȘȖșȐȓ ǪȖȚȈȕȈ țȟȘȍ-
ȌȐȚȤ Ȋ ǷȍȚȍȘȉțȘȋȍ ȒȖȕȚȖȘț ȊȖ ȋȓȈȊȍ ș ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȍȔ ȜȐȘ-
Ȕȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȉȣ ȔȖȋ Ȋ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȌȈȕȕȣȑ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ șȕȖșȐȚȤșȧ
ȕȍȗȖșȘȍȌșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ș ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȐȔ ȗȖșȖȓȤșȚȊȖȔ ȕȍ ȕȈȊȓȍȒȈȧ
ȕȈ șȍȉȧ Ȑ ȕȈ ȜȐȘȔț ȒȈȒȐȝ-ȓȐȉȖ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȍȕȐȑ ȒȈȒȐȍ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȉȣ
ȕȍȐȏȉȍȎȕȖ ȊȖȏȕȐȒȕțȚȤ ȗȘȐ ȕȍȗȖșȘȍȌșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ Ȑ ȖȎȐȊȓȍȕ-
ȕȣȝ șȕȖȠȍȕȐȧȝ ȔȍȎȌț ȚȖȘȋȖȊȣȔ ȌȖȔȖȔ Ȑ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȐȔ ȗȖ-
șȖȓȤșȚȊȖȔ
DzȘȖȔȍ ȚȖȋȖ ǼȈȓȤȒȍȕȋȈȑȕ șȖȖȉȡȐȓ ǪȖȚȈȕț ȟȚȖ ȕȈ ǬȈȓȤ-
ȕȐȑ ǪȖșȚȖȒ șȒȖȘȖ ȗȘȐȍȌȍȚ Ȓ ȎȐȊțȡȍȔț ȚȈȔ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȖȔț ȒȖȔ-
ȔȍȘȟȍșȒȖȔț ȈȋȍȕȚț ǹȈȓȐșț ȀȊȈȉȍ ȕȍȔȞț ȗȖ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȎȌȍȕȐȦ,
ȍȋȖ ȉȘȈȚ ȅȌțȈȘȌ ȀȊȈȉȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȌȖȓȋȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȖșȚȖȧȓ ȚȈȑ-
ȕȣȔ ȈȋȍȕȚȖȔ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȐ ȗȘȐ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȖȑ ȉȐȘȎȍ ȓȖȕȌȖȕșȒȖȋȖ
ǹȐȚȐ
— ȅȚȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȗȖȓȍȏȕȣȑ ȦȕȖȠȈ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǼȈȓȤȒȍȕȋȈȑȕ
— Ƕȕ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȗȘȐȋȖȌȐȚȤșȧ ȒȈȒ ȜȐȘȔȍ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕț

57
ǪȖȓȤȜț ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȧ ȗȖȘțȟȈȦ ȊȈȠȍȔț ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖȔț ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȦ,
ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ ǪȖȚȈȕ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȕțȎȍȕ ȕȈȠȍȔț ȗȘȈȊȐ-
ȚȍȓȤșȚȊț
ǪȖȚȈȕț ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȖ țȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȍ Ȗ ǪȖȓȤȜȍ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȓȐȠȤ
ȗȖȒȓȖȕȐȓșȧ ȕȖ ȕȍ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȕȐ șȓȖȊȈ ȌțȔȈȧ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȉȣ
ȖȟȍȕȤ ȘȈȌ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ș ȍȋȖ ȋȖȘȐȏȖȕȚȈ Ȑșȟȍȏ ȉȍșșȓȍȌȕȖ ȥȚȖȚ
șȈȔȖțȊȍȘȍȕȕȣȑ ȕȍ Ȋ ȔȍȘț ȌȍȧȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ Ȑ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȗȘȍȌ-
ȗȘȐȐȔȟȐȊȣȑ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ
ǷȘȐ ȥȚȖȔ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓȖșȤ ȍȔț ȋȕțșȕȖȍ ȐȏȘȣȚȖȍ ȖșȗȖȑ Ȑ
ȐșȗȖȓȖșȖȊȈȕȕȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ǵȖȝȊȐȞȒȖȋȖ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȕȈȋȓȣȑ Ȑ Ȋ ȚȖ Ȏȍ
ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȖȌȖȉȖșȚȘȈșȚȕȣȑ ȚȖȕ Ȑ ȋȕțșȈȊȣȑ șȔȍȠȖȒ ș ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ
Ȗȕ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȓȍȚ ȗȖȌȘȧȌ ȌȍȘȎȈȓ ȍȋȖ Ȋ șȊȖȐȝ ȘțȒȈȝ Ȉ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȋ
ȒȈȟȍșȚȊȍ ȌȘțȋȈ Ȑ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒȈ ǪȖȓȤȜȈ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚșȧ ș ȜȐȘȔȖȑ
Ȋ ȌȍȓȖȊȣȝ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȧȝ
XI
dzȍȚȖȔ  ȋȖȌȈ Ȋ ȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ǪȖȓȤȜ ȗțȚȍ-
ȠȍșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȗȖ ǴȈȕȟȎțȘȐȐ ȊȝȖȌȧ Ȋ șȕȖȠȍȕȐȧ ș ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȐ-
ȔȐ ȒȖȕșțȓȈȔȐ Ȑ ȈȋȍȕȚȈȔȐ ȎȐȊțȡȐȔȐ Ȋ ȘȈȏȕȣȝ ȋȖȘȖȌȈȝ
ǴȈȕȟȎțȘȐȐ Ȑ DzȐȚȈȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ Ȋȍȓ ȗȍȘȍȋȖȊȖȘȣ ș ȧȗȖȕȞȈȔȐ
Ȋ ǷȖȘȚ-ǨȘȚțȘȍ Ȑ ȗȘȖȧȊȓȧȓ ȐȏțȔȐȚȍȓȤȕțȦ ȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖșȚȤ Ȑ
ȌȍȧȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ șȖșȚȈȊȐȊȠțȦ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȋȖ Ȋ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȝ Ȑ ȔȖȘșȒȐȝ
ȒȘțȋȈȝ ǩȍȘȓȐȕȈ ȘȍȗțȚȈȞȐȦ ȊȣȌȈȦȡȍȋȖșȧ ȌȍȧȚȍȓȧ ȕȈ ǬȈȓȤ-
ȕȐȑ ǪȖșȚȖȒ șȚȘȍȔȐȓȈșȤ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȖȊȈȧ ȓȐȟȕȖșȚȤ ǭȑ șțȎ-
ȌȍȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ șȣȋȘȈȚȤ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕțȦ ȘȖȓȤ Ȋ ȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȈ
ǬȈȓȤȕȍȔ ǪȖșȚȖȒȍ ȚȈȒ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ Ȋșȗȣȝȕțȓ ȒȘȖȊȈȊȣȑ șȗȖȘ
ȔȍȎȌț ȌȊțȔȧ șȖșȍȌȕȐȔȐ ȌȍȘȎȈȊȈȔȐ
Ǫ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȐȦȕȧ  ȋȖȌȈ Ȋ ȧȘȒȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȈ ȊȍȘȝțȠ-
ȒȈȝ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȐȝ ȊȖȓȕ ȧȘȒȖ ȊșȗȣȝȐȊȈȓȐ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȓȐȊȈȓȐșȤ ȏȖ-
ȓȖȚȐșȚȣȍ ȏȔȍȑȒȐ ȓțȟȍȑ ȏȕȖȑȕȖȋȖ șȖȓȕȞȈ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȟȍȘȕȖȑ
ȗȖȒȘȣȚȖȑ ȋțșȚȣȔ ȌțȉȖȊȣȔ ȓȍșȖȔ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȣ ȖșȚȘȖȊȈ ǨșȒȖȓȤ-
ȌȈ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȓȈșȤ ȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȈȧ ȘȣȉȈȟȤȧ ȉȈȘȒȈ ǺȘȐ ȔȈȟ-
Țȣ ȍȍ ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȓȐ șȒȓȈȌȟȈȚȣȍ ȎȍȓȚȣȍ ȗȈȘțșȈ ȚȡȍȚȕȖ
ȓȖȊȐȊȠȐȍ ȊȍȚȍȘ ȐȏȘȍȌȒȈ ȗȘȖȕȖșȐȊȠȐȑșȧ ȕȈȌ șȊȍȘȒȈȦȡȍȑ
ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȤȦ ȔȖȘȧ ǵȈ ȕȖșț Ȑ ȕȈ ȒȖȘȔȍ șȐȌȍȓȐ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȣ

58
ǰȝ ȋȓȈȌȒȖ ȊȣȉȘȐȚȣȍ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ ȖȚȘȈȎȈȓȐ ȓțȟȐ șȖȓȕȞȈ Ȑ ȖȕȐ
ȘȈȊȕȖȌțȠȕȖ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ ȕȈ ȊȖȌț Ȑ ȒțȘȐȓȐ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȍ «ȧȕȤ-
ȚȈȑ» ǸțȓȍȊȖȑ — ȊȣșȖȒȐȑ ȘȖșȓȣȑ ȒȐȚȈȍȞ Ȋ șȊȍȚȓȖ-ȋȖȓțȉȖȔ
ȝȈȓȈȚȍ Ȑ ȉȍȓȣȝ ȉȈȠȔȈȒȈȝ — șȚȖȧȓ ț Șțȓȧ Ȑ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ
șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ȐȡȈ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȗȖȧȊȓȧȦȡȐȍșȧ ȕȈ ȋȖȘȐȏȖȕȚȍ
ȚȖ ȉȍȓȍȦȡȐȍ ȗȈȘțșȈ ȚȖ ȌȣȔȒȐ ȍȡȍ șȒȘȣȊȈȦȡȐȝșȧ ȏȈ ȋȖȘȐ-
ȏȖȕȚȖȔ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȖȊ
Ǭȓȧ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȏȕȈȦȡȐȝ DzȐȚȈȑ ȓȐȟȕȖșȚȤ ȘțȓȍȊȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȘȍȌ-
șȚȈȊȓȧȓȈ șȖȉȖȑ ȏȈȋȈȌȒȐ ǹȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȕȍȎȕȖȍ Ȑ ȉȓȈȋȖȖȉȘȈȏ-
ȕȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ Ȑ ȝȖȓȍȕȣȍ ȘțȒȐ ș ȌȓȐȕȕȣȔȐ ȚȖȕȒȐȔȐ ȗȈȓȤȞȈȔȐ Ȑ
ȟȐșȚȣȔȐ ȖȚȚȖȟȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȕȖȋȚȧȔȐ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖȊȈȓȐ Ȗ ȚȖȔ
ȟȚȖ ȘțȓȍȊȖȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȘȣȉȈȟȤȍȑ ȉȈȘȒȐ ș ȘȈȏȊȍȊȈȦȡȐȔȐșȧ
ȕȈ ȊȍȘȝțȠȒȈȝ ȔȈȟȚ ȒțȔȈȟȖȊȣȔȐ ȌȘȈȒȖȕȈȔȐ ȕȍ ȉȣȓ ȕȐ Șȣ-
ȉȈȒȖȔ ȕȐ ȒțȗȞȖȔ ǭȋȖ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ șȒȖȘȍȑ ȕȈȏȊȈȚȤ ȊȖȍȕ-
ȕȣȔ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȖșȈȕȒȈ ȍȋȖ Ȑ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȣȑ ȗȘȐȊȣȒȠȐȑ ȖȚȌȈȊȈȚȤ
ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȕȐȧ ȋȖȓȖș ȘȍȏȒȖ ȉȘȖșȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈ ǵȖ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȚȘȍ-
ȊȖȎȕȣȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ Ȗȕ ȖȒȐȌȣȊȈȓ ȋȖȘȐȏȖȕȚ Ȑ ȥȚȐ ȕȍȎ-
ȕȣȍ ȕȍȚȘțȌȖȊȣȍ ȘțȒȐ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ Ȗ ȌȘțȋȖȔ
ǰ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȚȍȓȤ ȕȍ ȖȠȐȉșȧ ȉȣ ǸȣȉȈȟȤȦ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒțȦ ȉȈȘ-
Ȓț Ȋȍȓ Ǵȣȑ-dzȐ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȑ ȊȖȎȌȤ ȝțȕȝțȏȖȊ ȚȈȒ ȟȈșȚȖ ȕȈȗȈ-
ȌȈȊȠȐȑ ȕȈ ǯȈȗȈȌȕțȦ DzȖȘȍȦ Ȑ ȊșȍȋȌȈ șȒȘȣȊȈȊȠȐȑșȧ Ȋ ȒȐ-
ȚȈȑșȒȖȔ ȋȖȘȖȌȍ Ǽȣȕ-ǽțȈȕ-ǿȍȕȍ DzȈȏȈȓȖșȤ țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ
ȒȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ Ȑ Ȍȓȧ ȟȍȋȖ ȝțȕȝțȏșȒȈȧ ȉȈȘȒȈ ȠȓȈ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț
ȕȈșȍȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȘțșșȒȐȝ ȉȍȘȍȋȖȊ ȋȌȍ ȍȑ ȗȘȍȌșȚȖȧȓȈ ȕȍȔȐȕțȍ-
ȔȈȧ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈ ș ȚȈȔȖȎȍȕȕȣȔȐ Ȑ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȈȔȐ Ǫșȧ-
ȒȐȑ ȕȈȉȍȋ ȕȈ ȗȘȐȉȘȍȎȕȣȍ ȘțșșȒȐȍ ȗȖșȍȓȍȕȐȧ ȕȍȐȏȉȍȎȕȖ
ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȖȒȖȕȟȐȚȤșȧ ȕȍțȌȈȟȍȑ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȝȖȘȖ-
ȠȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȈ Ȋ ȥȚȐȝ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȕȣȝ ȔȍșȚȈȝ ȖȝȘȈȕȈ ǷȘȖ-
ȕȐȒȕțȚȤ Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȓȍșȈ Ȑȏ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȋȓțȝȖȑ ȉțȝ-
Țȣ ȒȈȒ ȏȈȓȐȊ ǶȗȘȐȟȕȐȒȈ ȐȓȐ ȉțȝȚȈ ǵȈȝȖȌȒȈ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ Ȍȍ-
ȓȖȔ ȕȍȘȈȏțȔȕȣȔ Ȑ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȉȍșȞȍȓȤȕȣȔ
ǪȖȚ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȗȖȧȊȓȍȕȐȍ șȈȔȖȋȖ Ǵȣȑ-dzȐ Ȋ ȥȚȐȝ ȊȖȌȈȝ Ȗȏ-
ȕȈȟȈȓȖ șȖȉȖȑ ȗȘȍȌȗȘȐȧȚȐȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȖȉȌțȔȈȕȕȖȍ Ȑ ȘțȒȖȊȖȌȐ-
ȔȖȍ ȐȕȣȔȐ șȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȧȔȐ Ȑ ȊȣȋȖȌȈȔȐ ȟȍȔ Țȍ ȒȈȒȐȔȐ
ȔȖȋ ȘțȒȖȊȖȌșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤșȧ ȝțȕȝțȏșȒȐȑ ȊȖȎȈȒ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȌȖ ȖșȚȘȖȊȈ ǨșȒȖȓȤȌȈ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ȕȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȌȍșȧȚȐ
ȔȖȘșȒȐȝ ȔȐȓȤ Ȑȏ ȚȘȦȔȈ ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉț ȊȣȠȍȓ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȒȘȈș-
ȕȖȡȍȒȐȑ ȦȕȖȠȈ ȖȌȍȚȣȑ Ȋ ȡȍȋȖȓȤșȒȖȑ ȒȖșȚȦȔ ȚțȘȐșȚȈ Ȑ ș

59
ȉȐȕȖȒȓȍȔ ȊȐșȧȡȐȔ ȕȈ ȚȖȕȒȖȔ ȘȍȔȕȍ Ƕȕ ȗȘȐȊȍȚșȚȊȖȊȈȓ
ȕȍȉȘȍȎȕȣȔ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȘțȒȐ Ǵȣȑ-dzȐ șȚȖȧȊȠȍȋȖ ȕȈ Șțȓȍ
Ȑ ȗȖȌȖȉȖșȚȘȈșȚȕȖ ȒȐȊȈȊȠȐȝ ȍȔț ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȔȈȚȘȖșȖȊ ȔȖȓȟȈ-
ȓȐȊȖ ȒțȘȐȊȠȐȝ șȊȖȐ ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȍ ȚȘțȉȒȐ
— Ǫșȍ Ȋ ȗȖȘȧȌȒȍ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ǵȣȑ-dzȐ — DzȘțȋȖȔ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȖ-
ȋȖ șțȌȕȈ Ȑ ȧ ȌțȔȈȦ ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȉȣ ȊȖȑȚȐ ȕȍȏȈȔȍȟȍȕȕȣ-
ȔȐ Ȋ ǨȔțȘșȒȐȑ ȐȓȐ ǻșșțȘȐȑșȒȐȑ ȏȈȓȐȊȣ ǩȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȖ-
ȗȘȖȉȖȊȈȚȤ"
ǵȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȊȖȗȘȖș ȍȊȘȖȗȍȍȞ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȕȍ ȌȈȊȈȓ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȋȖ ȖȚȊȍ-
ȚȈ Ȑ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȘȈșȚȧȋȐȊȈȧ șȓȖȊȈ ȕȍȉȘȍȎȕȖ ȉȘȖșȐȓ
— ǵȍȚ Ǫȣ ȊȣșȈȌȐȚȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț ȕȈȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȖșȚȘȖȊȈ
ǷțȚȧȚȐȕȈ Ǩ șȈȔȐ țȑȌȍȚȍ Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ Ȑ ȊȍȘȕȍȚȍșȤ ȏȈ ȔȕȖȑ ȓȐȠȤ
ȚȖȋȌȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț ȊșȗȣȝȕȍȚ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȒȖșȚȍȘ
ȆȕȖȠȈ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȏ ȗȘȖȠȍȓșȧ ȊȌȖȓȤ ȉȖȘȚȈ Ȉ ȏȈȚȍȔ șȕȖ-
ȊȈ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ Ǵȣȑ-dzȐ Ȑ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȊȠȐșȤ șȗȐȕȖȑ Ȓ ȔȈȚȘȖ-
șȈȔ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȓ ȍȔț ȗȈȟȒț Ȍȍȕȍȋ șȒȈȏȈȊ
— Ǫȣ ȐșȗȖȓȕȐȓȐ ȟȈșȚȤ ȏȈȌȈȟȐ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ Ȋȣ ȗȘȐȕȧȓȐ ȕȈ
șȍȉȧ ǪȖȚ ȗȍȘȊȈȧ ȗȓȈȚȈ
ǿȍȘȕȣȍ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȐȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ǵȣȑ-dzȐ șȊȍȘȒȕțȓȐ Ȑ Ȗȕ țȓȣȉ-
ȕțȓșȧ ȖșȒȈȓȐȊ ȖșȓȍȗȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȉȍȓȣȍ ȒȈȒ ț ȊȖȓȒȈ ȏțȉȣ
— ǺȈț-șȐ ǺȈȑȍ* — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ
ǹȒȈȓȣ ǨșȒȖȓȤȌȖȊȈ ȖșȚȘȖȊȈ șȌȍȓȈȓȐșȤ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȖȚȟȍȚ-
ȓȐȊȣȔȐ ǪȣșȖȒȐȍ ȖșȚȘȖȒȖȕȍȟȕȣȍ ȗȖȝȖȎȐȍ ȕȈ ȉȈȠȕȐ Ȗȉ-
ȊȍȚȘȍȕȕȣȍ șȚȖȓȉȣ ș ȘȈșȚțȡȐȔȐ ȕȈ ȊȍȘȝțȠȒȈȝ Ȑȝ ȖȌȐȕȖȒȐ-
ȔȐ ȌțȉȈȔȐ ș ȋȓțȉȖȒȐȔȐ ȒȈȒ ȔȖȘȡȐȕȣ ȕȈ șȚȈȘȟȍșȒȖȔ ȓȐ-
Ȟȍ ȘȈșșȍȓȐȕȈȔȐ ȏȈȘȖșȠȐȔȐ ȔȍȓȒȐȔ ȒțșȚȈȘȕȐȒȖȔ ȉȈȋțȓȤ-
ȕȐȒȈ ȊȗȍȘȍȔȍȠȒț ș ȕȐȏȒȖȘȖșȓȣȔ ȌțȉȕȧȒȖȔ Ȑ ȚȈȓȤȕȐȒȖȔ
șȊȍȘȒȈȦȡȐȍ șȍȘȍȉȘȐșȚȣȔȐ ȓȍȕȚȈȔȐ ȘțȟȤȐ ȗȈȌȈȦȡȐȍ ș ȉȖȓȤ-
ȠȖȑ ȊȣșȖȚȣ ȗȖ ȊȣȘȣȚȣȔ ȊȖȌȖȑ ȘțșȓȈȔ Ȋ ȚȍȔȕȖ-ȒȘȈșȕȣȝ
șȒȈȓȈȝ Ȑ Ȟȍȓȣȍ șȚȈȐ ȉȍȓȣȝ ȟȈȍȒ ȏȈțȕȣȊȕȖ ȒȘȐȟȈȡȐȝ Ȑ șȗȖ-
ȘȧȡȐȝ Ȑȏ ȏȈ ȌȖȉȣȟȐ — Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȒȈȒ ȕȈ ȓȈȌȖȕȐ Ǫ ȉȐ-
ȕȖȒȓȤ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȍȞ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȈȓ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȖȔȐȒȖȊ ȗȖșȚ-
ȘȖȍȕȕȣȝ ȕȈ șȈȔȖȔ ȉȍȘȍȋț ț ȗȘȐȉȘȍȎȕȣȝ șȒȈȓ ǩȍȓȣȍ ȉțȘ-
ȕȣ ȉȐȓȐșȤ ȚȈȔ Ȑ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȒȐȕțȚșȧ ȕȈ ȥȚȐ ȔȈȓȍȕȤ-
ȒȐȍ ȐȏȉțȠȒȐ ȘȈȏȖȉȤȦȚ Ȑ țȕȍșțȚ Ȑȝ Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ ǵȖ Ǵȣȑ-dzȐ ȗȖ-
ȋȘȖȏȐȓ Ȋ Ȑȝ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȒțȓȈȒȖȔ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȧșȤ Ȓ ȦȕȖȠȍ
* ɋɩɚɫɢɛɨ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɢɧ (Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɢ ɞɚɥɟɟ ɩɪɢɦ ɚɜɬ).

60
— ǺȈȔ ȒȖȘȍȑȞȣ ǶȕȐ șȓȍȌȧȚ ȏȈ ȔȖȘȍȔ Ȑ ȕȍ ȘȈȏ ȓȦȌȐ ș
ȕȈȠȐȝ ȉȈȘȖȒ ȊȣȘȍȏȈȓȐ Ȑȝ ȌȖ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ǵȖ Ȋșȍ
ȕȖȊȣȍ Ȑ ȕȖȊȣȍ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȐ șȦȌȈ ȒȖȘȍȑȞȣ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȖȕȐ ȊȖȖȘț-
Ȏȍȕȣ Ȑ ȔȖȋțȚ ȖȒȈȏȈȚȤ șȐȓȤȕȖȍ șȖȗȘȖȚȐȊȓȍȕȐȍ Ǩ ȕȍȌȈȊȕȖ
ȍȡȍ ȥȚȖȚ ȖșȚȘȖȊ ȉȣȓ ȕȍȗȘȐșȚțȗȕȣȔ ȋȕȍȏȌȖȔ ȋȌȍ șȒȘȣȊȈ-
ȓȐșȤ Ȕȣ ȊȖȓȤȕȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȈȔ ȚȍșȕȖ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȖșȤ Ȋ DzȐ-
ȚȈȍ ȐȓȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȈș șȓȐȠȒȖȔ țȋȕȍȚȈȓȐ ȚȘȍȉțȧ ȖȚ ȕȈș ȖȚȒțȗȈ
ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȐ ȕȈȠȐȝ ȗȘȖȊȐȕȞȐȑ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȐ ȞȏȧȕȤ-ȞȏȦȕȐ ȜțȌț-
Țțȕȣ Ȑ ȌȈȖ-ȚȈȐ
ǩȈȘȒȈ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȓȈ Ȋ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȖȊșȍȔ Ȋ ȊȐȌț ǨșȒȖȓȤȌȈ
— ǪȏȋȓȧȕȐȚȍ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ǵȣȑ-dzȐ Ȑ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓ ȘțȒț Ȋ șȚȖ-
ȘȖȕț ȖșȚȘȖȊȈ — ǪȖȚ ȚȈȔ ȕȈ țșȚțȗȍ ȕȈȌ șȒȈȓȈȔȐ ȊȐȌȕȍȦȚșȧ
ȌȊȖȍ ȒȖȘȍȑȞȍȊ Ȋ Ȑȝ ȋȓțȗȣȝ ȉȍȓȣȝ ȒȖȜȚȈȝ ǶȕȐ șȔȖȚȘȧȚ Țȍ-
ȗȍȘȤ ȕȈ ȕȈș Ȑ șȖȖȉȘȈȎȈȦȚ ȒțȌȈ Ȕȣ ȌȍȘȎȐȔ ȗțȚȤ
ǬȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȌȊȍ ȉȍȓȣȍ ȚȖȟȒȐ ȒȖȗȖȠȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȕȍȉȖȓȤ-
ȠȖȑ ȖșȚȘȖȒȖȕȍȟȕȖȑ ȋȖȘȍ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȦȡȍȑșȧ ȕȈȌ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ
ȗȖșȍȓȒȖȔ
ǹȓțȟȈȑȕȈȧ ȚțȟȈ ȕȈȉȍȎȈȓȈ ȕȈ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȗȖȚȍȔȕȍȓȖ ȔȖȘȍ Ȑ
șȘȈȏț șȚȈȓ șȊȍȎȍȍ ȊȍȚȍȘ ǰȏȌȈȓȍȒȈ șȚȈȓȐ ȕȈȉȍȋȈȚȤ ș ȠțȔȖȔ
Ȑ ȗȓȍșȒȖȔ ȊȖȓȕȣ țȊȍȕȟȈȕȕȣȍ ȉȍȓȖșȕȍȎȕȣȔȐ ȉȈȘȈȠȒȈȔȐ
DzȈȟȕțȓȖ ȉȈȘȒț șȘȈȏț ȕȈȌțȓȐșȤ ȗȈȘțșȈ ȕȈȗȘȧȋȓȐșȤ Ȋșȍ ȠȒȖ-
Țȣ șȖȋȕțȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȏȈșȒȘȐȗȍȓȐ ȔȈȟȚȣ Ȑ ȊȍȚȍȘ ȏȈȐȋȘȈȓ șȘȍȌȐ
șȕȈșȚȍȑ Ȑ Ȋ ȚțȋȖ ȕȈȚȧȕțȚȖȔ ȗȖȓȖȚȕȍ ȗȈȘțșȖȊ ȀȐȘȖȒȖȕȖșȈȧ
ȉȈȘȒȈ ȉȣșȚȘȍȍ ȗȖȕȍșȓȈșȤ ȗȖ ȊȖȓȕȈȔ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȌ șȖȉȖȑ ȕȍșȓȈ
ȖȕȈ ȉȍȓȣȑ ȉțȘțȕ Ȉ ȏȈ ȒȖȘȔȖȑ ȊȐȓȈșȤ ȌȓȐȕȕȈȧ ȗȍȕȐșȚȈȧ ȌȖ-
ȘȖȋȈ ȖȉȖȏȕȈȟȈȧ șȓȍȌ ȗȘȖȠȍȌȠȍȋȖ șțȌȕȈ ǩȈȘȒȈ ȠȓȈ ȉȣșȚ-
ȘȖ ǪȐȌȕȍȊȠȐȍșȧ ȊȌȈȓȐ șȐȕȍȊȈȚȣȍ ȖȟȍȘȚȈȕȐȧ ȉȍȘȍȋȈ șȚȈȕȖ-
ȊȐȓȐșȤ Ȋșȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȕȍȍ Ȑ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȍȍ Ȑ ȗȖ ȔȍȘȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȒȈȒ
ȘȖșȓȐ ȊȖȓȕȣ ȚȖ Ȑ ȌȍȓȖ ȊȣșȖȒȖ ȊșȒȐȌȣȊȈȦȡȐȍ ȉȈȘȒț ȘȖș-
ȓȐ Ȑ ȋȖȘȣ ȚȧȕțȡȐȍșȧ ȊȌȖȓȤ ȊșȍȋȖ ȉȍȘȍȋȈ ǩȈȘȒȈ ȠȓȈ ȔȐȔȖ
ȉȖȓȤȠȖȋȖ ȖșȚȘȖȊȈ ȕȈ ȗȖȓȖȋȖȔ ȉȍȘȍȋț ȍȋȖ ȊȐȌȕȍȓșȧ ȓȍș Ȉ
ȕȈ ȗȘȖșȍȒȍ șȗțșȒȈȦȡȍȑșȧ Ȓ șȈȔȖȔț ȔȖȘȦ șȚȖȧȓ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ
ȌȖȔ
— ǿȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ"—șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȦȕȖȠȈ
— ǯȌȍșȤ ȎȐȊȍȚ ȉȖȋȈȚȣȑ ȘțșșȒȐȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ, — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ Ǵȣȑ-
dzȐ — Ƕȕ ȘȈȏȊȖȌȐȚ ȕȈ ȖșȚȘȖȊȍ ȒȖȕȍȑ Ȑ Ȗȓȍȕȍȑ ȗȘȖȔȣȠȓȧȍȚ
ȘȣȉȖȓȖȊșȚȊȖȔ Ȑ ȖȝȖȚȖȑ Ȉ ȓȦȌȐ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȗȈȘțșȕȣȝ ȉȈȘȒȈșȈȝ
ȌȖȝȖȌȧȚ ȌȖ șȈȔȖȋȖ ǹȈȝȈȓȐȕȈ

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ǪȍȚȍȘ șȊȍȎȍȓ Ȑ ȉȈȘȒȈ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȖȌȊȐȋȈȓȈșȤ ȗȖ ȊȍȚȘț Ȋ
șȚȖȘȖȕț ȉȍȘȍȋȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ Ȋșȍ Șȍȏȟȍ Ȑ ȧșȕȍȍ ȊȣșȚțȗȈȓ Ȑȏ Țț-
ȔȈȕȕȖȑ ȌȈȓȐ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȧșȤ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȊȖȓȕ Ȑ ȗȓȣȊȧ ȕȈ-
ȊșȚȘȍȟț ȘȈȏȉȖȑȕȐȟȤȍȑ ȉȈȘȒȍ
Ǵȣȑ-dzȐ ȗȖȌȊȍȓ șȊȖȍ șțȌȕȖ Ȓ ȉȍȘȍȋț ț ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȊȣșȖȒȖ
ȊȏȌȣȔȈȓȐșȤ ȊȖȓȕȣ Ȑ ȕȖșȐȓȐ ȕȈ șȊȖȐȝ ȊȍȘȝțȠȒȈȝ ȖȉȓȖȔȒȐ
ȌȍȘȍȊȤȍȊ Ȑ ȏȈȕȍșȍȕȕȣȍ ǩȖȋ ȊȍșȚȤ ȖȚȒțȌȈ ȌȖșȒȐ ȉȘȍȊȕȈ Ȑ
ȉȖȟȒȐ
ǵȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț ȕȈ ȖȗțȠȒȍ ȓȍșȈ ț ȊȣșȖȒȐȝ ȊȧȏȖȊ șȚȖȧȓȈ ȚȈȒ
ȟȈșȚȖ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȦȡȈȧșȧ Ȋ ǻșșțȘȐȑșȒȖȑ ȚȈȑȋȍ ȜȈȕȏȈ ȗȘȖȔȣș-
ȓȖȊȖȋȖ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȖȋȖ ȖȝȖȚȕȐȒȈ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȦȕȖȠȈ ȊȣȠȍȓ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋ Ȑȏ ȜȈȕȏȣ ȊȣȉȍȎȈȓȐ ȚȘȖȍ
ȓȦȌȍȑ ǶȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ Ƞȍȓ ȊȗȍȘȍȌȐ Ȑ ȘȈȏȔȈȝȐȊȈȧ ȘțȒȖȑ ȒȘȐ-
ȟȈȓ
— ǯȌȘȈȊșȚȊțȑ ǹȈȓȐș ȀȊȈȉȍ ǯȌȘȈȊșȚȊțȑ ȌȖȘȖȋȖȑ ȚȖȊȈ-
ȘȐȡ ǪȖȚ ȋȌȍ șțȎȌȍȕȖ ȕȈȔ ș ȚȖȉȖȑ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȚȤșȧ
ȆȕȖȠȈ ȕȈȏȊȈȕȕȣȑ ȐȔȍȕȍȔ ǹȈȓȐșȈ ȀȊȈȉȍ ȗȖȉȍȎȈȓ Ȋ
șȚȖȘȖȕț ȗȘȐȊȍȚșȚȊțȦȡȍȋȖ ȍȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ
— ǴȐȓȣȑ ǪȖȓȤȜ ȒȈȒ ȧ ȘȈȌ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ Ȗȕ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ ȗȖ-
ȎȐȔȈȧ ȘțȒț ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ — ǷȖșȓȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȒȈȒ Ȕȣ ȘȈșșȚȈȓȐșȤ ș
ȚȖȉȖȑ Ȋ DzȈȓȤȒțȚȚȍ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȍ
ȊșȚȘȍȟț Țȍȉȧ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȗțȚȐ ȕȈȠȐ ȘȈȏȖȠȓȐșȤ DzȈȒ ȧ ȘȈȌ DzȈȒ ȧ
ȘȈȌ— ǷȖȏȊȖȓȤ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȤ Țȍȉȍ ȕȈȠȐȝ șȖȚȘțȌȕȐȒȖȊ — șȒȈ-
ȏȈȓ ǪȖȓȤȜ. — ǶȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ — ȐȕȎȍȕȍȘ ǴȍȑȍȘȋȈȔȔȍȘ șȚȈȘ-
ȠȐȑ ȐȕȎȍȕȍȘ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȑ ȒȖȕȚȖȘȣ ǸȖȌȗȍȓȧ Ȉ ȌȘțȋȖȑ — Țȍȝ-
ȕȐȒ ȜȐȘȔȣ «ǨȘȚȐȋ Ȑ Ǫȍȑș» — ǼȖșș ǶȉȈ ȖȕȐ Ȉ ș ȕȐȔȐ Ȑ ȧ
ȗȖșȒȖȓȤȒț ȧ ȗȘȐȋȖȎțșȤ ȉțȌȍȔ ȗȖȔȖȋȈȚȤ Țȍȉȍ Ȋ ȘȈȉȖȚȍ ȗȖȘț-
ȟȍȕȕȖȑ Țȍȉȍ Ȋ ȏȌȍȠȕȐȝ ȔȍșȚȈȝ
Ǫșȍ ȖȕȐ ȊȖȠȓȐ Ȋ ȜȈȕȏț ǬȊȖȍ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȝ «ȉȖȍȊ» ȗȖȌȈȓȐ
ȋȖȘȧȟțȦ ȗȖȝȓȍȉȒț Ȑ ȒȖȕșȍȘȊȣ Ȉ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȗȘȐȕȍșȓȐ ȟȈȑ Ȑ ȗȍȟȍ-
ȕȤȍ ǷȖșȓȍ ȖȉȍȌȈ ȔȍȎȌț ȟȍȚȣȘȤȔȧ ȓȦȌȤȔȐ șȖȉȘȈȊȠȐȔȐșȧ
Ȋ țȍȌȐȕȍȕȕȖȑ ȓȍșȕȖȑ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȖȑ ȜȈȕȏȍ ȠȓȖ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖȍ Ȑ ȊȈȎȕȖȍ șȖȊȍȡȈȕȐȍ ǶȕȐ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȐ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȏȈȗȐ-
șȒȐ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȘȈșșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȓȐ ȒȈȘȚȣ Ȑ ȟȍȘȚȍȎȐ șȗȖȘȐ-
ȓȐ Ȑ ȌȍȓȐȓȐșȤ ȌȘțȋ ș ȌȘțȋȖȔ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȔȣșȓȧȔȐ DzȖȋȌȈ țȎȍ
ȕȈȟȈȓȖ șȔȍȘȒȈȚȤșȧ șȖȊȍȡȈȕȐȍ ȖȒȖȕȟȐȓȖșȤ
ǵȖȟȤ ȏȌȍșȤ ȗȈȌȈȍȚ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ǵȍ ȗȘȖȠȓȖ ȍȡȍ Ȑ ȟȈșȈ ȒȈȒ ȋȌȍ-

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ȚȖ ȊȣșȖȒȖ ȕȈ ȕȍȉȍ ȏȈȋȖȘȍȓȐșȤ ȏȊȍȏȌȣ dzȍș șȌȍȓȈȓșȧ ȟȍȘȕȣȔ
Ȑ ȗȖșȚȍȗȍȕȕȖ șȓȐȊȈȓșȧ ș ȋțșȚȣȔ ȔȘȈȒȖȔ șȗȖȓȏȈȦȡȐȔ Țȧ-
ȎȍȓȣȔȐ ȊȖȓȕȈȔȐ ș ȌȈȓȍȒȐȝ ȋȖȘ Ȓ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȔț ȠțȔȕȖ
ȗȓȍȡțȡȍȔț ȔȖȘȦ
— ǷȖȘȈ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǹȈȓȐș ȀȊȈȉȍ
Ǫșȍ ȊșȚȈȓȐ Ȑ ȊȣȑȌȧ Ȑȏ ȜȈȕȏȣ ȗȖȠȓȐ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋ ȔȖȘȧ ȋȌȍ
ȏȈȎȋȓȐ ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ Ȓțȟț ȝȊȖȘȖșȚȈ șȓȖȎȍȕȕțȦ ț ȌțȗȓȐșȚȖȋȖ
ȏȈșȖȝȠȍȋȖ ȊȧȏȈ ǶȋȖȕȤ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȖȝȊȈȚȐȓ șțȝȖȑ ȉțȘȍȓȖȔ Ȑ ȚȖ-
ȋȌȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȒȖșȚȍȘ ȗȣȓȈȓ ȧȏȣȒȐ ȍȋȖ ȓȐȏȈȓȐ șțȝȖȑ șȚȊȖȓ Ȍȍ-
ȘȍȊȈ Ȑ ȗȖȓȏȓȐ Ȋșȍ ȊȣȠȍ Ȑ ȊȣȠȍ ȗȖȒȈ ȕȍ ȖȝȊȈȚȐȓȐ ȊȍȘȝțȠ-
Ȓț ȌȍȘȍȊȈ Ȑ ȗȖȒȈ ȖȕȖ ȕȍ ȏȈȗȣȓȈȓȖ ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒȐȔ ȜȈȒȍȓȖȔ ȉȘȖ-
șȈȦȡȐȔ ȉȈȋȘȖȊȣȍ ȖȚȉȓȍșȒȐ ȕȈ ȊȏȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȕȕȖȍ ȔȖȘȍ
ǿȍȚȊȍȘȖ șȖȉȘȈȊȠȐȝșȧ ț ȒȖșȚȘȈ ȓȦȌȍȑ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ ȊȖ ȔȘȈȒ,
ȗȓȣȊțȡȐȑ ȗȖ ȔȖȘȦ Ȑ, ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȚȚțȌȈ ȘȈȏȌȈȓșȧ ȌȈȓȍȒȐȑ ȍȌȊȈ
șȓȣȠȕȣȑ ȖȒȘȐȒ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ țȓȣȉȕțȓȐșȤ
— Ǵȣȑ-dzȐ, — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǴȍȑȍȘȋȈȔȔȍȘ — ȕȈȌȍȎȕȣȑ ȟȍȓȖ-
ȊȍȒ ǹ ȕȐȔ ȕȈȠȈ ȜȐȘȔȈ ȕȍ ȘȈȏ ȗȖȓțȟȈȓȈ ȘȈȏȕțȦ ȒȖȕȚȘȈȉȈȕ-
Ȍț Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȚȈȒțȦ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȗțșȒȈȦȚ ȗȖȋȘȈȕȐȟ-
ȕȣȍ ȌȖȏȖȘȣ ȒȈȒ ȌȐȕȈȔȐȚ Ȑ ȗȐȘȖȒșȐȓȐȕ
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȐȕțȚ Ȓ ȉȍȘȍȋț ȗȖȌȖȠȓȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ ȒȐ-
ȚȈȑșȒȈȧ ȓȖȌȒȈ ș ȚȘȍȔȧ ȋȘȍȉȞȈȔȐ Ȑȏ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȖȌȐȕ șȚȖȧȓ ȕȈ
ȒȖȘȔȍ Ȑ ȒȖȘȔȖȊȣȔ ȊȍșȓȖȔ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȔȖȋȈȓ ȗȍȘȍȌȕȐȔ ȕȖ Ȑ
țȗȘȈȊȓȧȓ ȓȖȌȒȖȑ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȓȖȌȒȈ ȗȘȐșȚȈȓȈ Ȓ ȉȍȘȍȋț ȔȈȚȘȖșȣ șȚȈȓȐ ȊȒȈȚȣ-
ȊȈȚȤ Ȋ ȕȍȍ șȓȖȎȍȕȕȣȍ Ȋ ȒțșȚȈȝ ț șȈȔȖȋȖ ȉȍȘȍȋȈ ȉȖȟȒȐ Ȑ Ȕȍ-
ȠȒȐ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȍȕȕȣȍ ȞȍȔȍȕȚȖȔ ǵȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȏ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȓȈșȤ
ȓȖȌȒȈ Ȑ ȊșȧȒȐȑ ȘȈȏ țȝȖȌȐȓȈ Ȓ ȉȈȘȒȍ ȕȈȋȘțȎȍȕȕȈȧ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȌȖ-
ȊȍȘȝț ȞȍȔȍȕȚȖȔ DzȖȋȌȈ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȉȖȟȒȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȖȋȘțȎȍȕȣ
ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȕȐȔȐ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȉȈȘȒț Ȑ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑȞȣ.
ǷȖȟȚȐ Ȋ ȗȖȓȕȖȟȤ ȉȈȘȒȈ Ǵȣȑ-dzȐ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȕȖșȖȔ
Ȓ Ȧȋț ȗȖȠȓȈ ȔȐȔȖ ȖșȚȘȖȊȈ ǨșȒȖȓȤȌȈ Ȋ ǨȔțȘșȒȐȑ ȏȈȓȐȊ
ǵȖȟȤ ȉȣȓȈ ȚȍȔȕȈȧ dzțȕȣ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ǷȖ ȕȍȉț ȗȓȣȓȐ Ȗȉ-
ȓȈȒȈ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȏȊȍȏȌȣ ȘȍȌȒȖ ȊȣȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȓȐ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȕȐȝ
ǵȈȌ ȔȖȘȍȔ șȚȖȧȓ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȠțȔ ǷȓȍșȒ ȊȖȓȕ Ȑȝ ȏȓȖȉȕȖȍ
ȠȐȗȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȋțȌȍȕȐȍ ȊȍȚȘȈ Ȋ ȗȈȘțșȈȝ ȉȈȘȒȐ șȓȐȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȖȌȐȕ
ȔȖȋțȟȐȑ ȋȖȊȖȘ ȔȖȘȧ
Ǫ ȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȉȈȘȒȈ ȗȍȘȍșȍȒȈȓȈ ȏȈȓȐȊ ǷȍȚȘȈ ǪȍȓȐ-
ȒȖȋȖ ȖȚȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ ȐȏȌȈȓȍȒȈ ȗȘȧȔȖ ȕȈ ȕȍȍ ȔȍȚȕțȓșȧ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚ-

63
ȕȣȑ ȉȍȓȣȑ ȓțȟ Ƕȕ ȕȍ ȌȖȠȍȓ ȌȖ ȕȍȍ ȕȖ ȖșȊȍȚȐȓ ȊȍȘȝțȠȒȐ
ȊȖȓȕ ȗȖȠȈȘȐȓ ȗȖ ȔȖȘȦ Ȑ ȗȖȚțȝ
— ǺȈȔȖȎȍȕȕȐȒȐ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ǹȈȓȐș ȀȊȈȉȍ
— ǴȐȕȖȕȖșȍȞ — Ƞȍȗȕțȓ Ǵȣȑ-dzȐ Ȑ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ ȖȚȌȈȓ ȒȈ-
ȒȖȍ-ȚȖ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȕȐȍ
ǹ ȔȧȋȒȐȔ ȠțȘȠȈȕȐȍȔ țȗȈȓȐ ȗȈȘțșȈ Ȑ ȒȐȚȈȍȞ ȗȖȉȍȎȈȓ
ȕȈ ȕȖș ȉȈȘȒȐ ȋȈșȐȚȤ ȋȖȘȍȊȠȐȑ ȕȈ ȊȣșȖȒȖȔ ȠȚȖȒȍ șȐȋȕȈȓȤ-
ȕȣȑ ȜȖȕȈȘȤ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȊȚȖȘȐȟȕȖ Ȋșȗȣȝȕțȓ ȗȘȖȎȍȒȚȖȘ ȚȖ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȕȈȡțȗȈȓ
țȎȍ ȗȈȘțșȖȊ Ȑ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȕȈȑȚȐ șȘȍȌȐ ȊȖȓȕ ȔȈȟȚ Ȑ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ șȐ-
ȌȍȊȠțȦ ȉȈȘȒț Ǵȣȑ-dzȐ Ȋȍȓ Ȓ Ȧȋț șȊȖȍ șțȌȕȖ Ȑ ȗȖȓȤȏțȧșȤ
șȊȍȎȐȔ ȜȖȘȌȍȊȐȕȌȖȔ Ƞȍȓ ȉȣșȚȘȖ
Ǫ ǨȔțȘșȒȖȔ ȏȈȓȐȊȍ ȕȍȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȖȚ țȘȖȟȐȡȈ ǹȓȈȊȧȕȒȐ Ǵȣȑ-
dzȐ ȊȊȍȓ șȊȖȦ ȉȈȘȒț Ȋ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒțȦ șȒȘȣȚțȦ șȖ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ
ȔȖȘȧ Ȑ șțȠȐ ȉțȝȚț ǵȈ ȉȍȘȍȋȈȝ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȐ ȎȐȓȤȧ ȕȐ ȌȈȎȍ
șȓȍȌȖȊ ȗȘȍȉȣȊȈȕȐȧ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ǫțșȚȣȍ ȒțșȚȣ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓȐșȤ
ȊȣȠȍ Ȋ ȋȖȘȣ ș ȘȈșȚțȡȐȔ ȕȈ ȕȐȝ ȌțȉȖȊȣȔ ȓȍșȖȔ ǬȕȍȔ ȉȈȘ-
ȒȈ șȚȖȧȓȈ ȕȈ ȧȒȖȘȍ Ȑ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȧȊȓȧȓșȧ ȕȈ ȍȍ ȗȈȓțȉȍ ȚȖ-
ȓȤȒȖ ȌȍȎțȘȕȣȑ ȔȈȚȘȖș ȚȐȝȖ ȗȖȒȈȟȐȊȈȧșȤ ȗțșȒȈȓ Ȓȓțȉȣ ȚȈ-
ȉȈȟȕȖȋȖ ȌȣȔȈ Ȑ ȏȈțȕȣȊȕȖ ȊȐȏȋȓȐȊȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȊȣȒȘȐȒȐȊȈȓ
șȓȖȊȈ ȗȍșȕȐ ǵȖ ȕȖȟȤȦ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȈ ȔȍȕȧȓȈșȤ Ǫșȧ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȈ Ȑ
ȟȍȚȣȘȍ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑȞȈ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉȍ ȉȈȘȒȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȊȣȝȖȌȐ-
ȓȈ Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ Ȑ ȉȘȖșȈȓȈ ȧȒȖȘȤ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȈȊȍȍ ȒȘȈșȕȖȋȖ ȗȓȖȊț-
ȟȍȋȖ ȉțȑȒȈ ȖȉȖȏȕȈȟȈȊȠȍȋȖ ȜȈȘȊȈȚȍȘ șȓțȎȐȊȠȐȑ Ȍȓȧ ȗȘȖ-
ȝȖȌȈ Ȋșȍȝ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȝ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȖȊ ȗȖ ǨȔțȘșȒȖȔț ȏȈȓȐȊț
ǷȘȐȊȧȏȈȊȠȐșȤ ȕȈ ȌȓȐȕȕȖȔ ȒȈȕȈȚȍ Ȓ ȉțȦ Ȑ ȉȘȖșȐȊ ȌȊȈ
ȧȒȖȘȧ ȉȈȘȒȈ ȚȐȝȖ ȗȖȒȈȟȐȊȈȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȊȖȓȕȈȝ Ȉ ȖȚ ȕȍȍ ȖȚȝȖȌȐ-
ȓȈ ȕȈȋȘțȎȍȕȕȈȧ ȌȖȊȍȘȝț ȓȖȌȒȈ ș ȉȖȟȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȔȍȠȒȈȔȐ ȞȍȔȍȕ-
ȚȈ Ǫ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȓȖȌȒȍ șȐȌȍȓȐ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑȞȣ Ȑ șȓȍȌȐȓȐ ȏȈ ȘȈȉȖȚȖȑ
ǸȈȉȖȚȈ Ȏȍ ȉȣȓȈ ȕȍșȓȖȎȕȈȧ ǷȖ șȈȔȖȑ șȍȘȍȌȐȕȍ ȜȈȘȊȈ-
ȚȍȘȈ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȣ ȉȘȖșȈȓȐ Ȋ ȊȖȌț ȔȍȠȒȐ ș ȞȍȔȍȕȚȖȔ Ȑ ȖȚȒȘȣ-
Țȣȍ ȉȖȟȒȐ
ǷȈȌȈȧ ȕȈ ȌȕȖ ȞȍȔȍȕȚ ȊȗȐȚȣȊȈȓ Ȋ șȍȉȧ ȊȖȌț Ȑ ȗȖșȚȍ-
ȗȍȕȕȖ ȏȈȚȊȍȘȌȍȊȈȧ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȡȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȚȊȍȘȌȣȑ ȒȈȒ șȒȈȓȈ ȒȈ-
ȔȍȕȤ ǹ ȒȈȎȌȣȔ ȌȕȍȔ șȒȈȓȈ ȥȚȈ ȘȖșȓȈ Ȑ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȧșȤ șȖ ȌȕȈ
Ȋșȍ ȊȣȠȍ Ȑ ȊȣȠȍ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȓȈșȤ Ȓ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȐ ȔȖȘȧ ǸȈȉȖ-
ȚȈ ȌȓȐȓȈșȤ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȌȊȍ ȕȍȌȍȓȐ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ǴȍȑȍȘȋȈȔȔȍȘ ȗȘȖ-
ȐȏȊȖȌȐȊȠȐȑ ȗȘȖȔȍȘȣ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖ țȓȣȉȕțȓșȧ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ

64
— ǬȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȈȌȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȌȍșȧȚ-
ȒȈ ȔȍȠȒȖȊ Ȑ ȗȖșȘȍȌȐ ȜȈȘȊȈȚȍȘȈ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ ȗȖȧȊȐȚșȧ ȗȖȌ-
ȊȖȌȕȣȑ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȐȚȤ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȝȓȖȗȖȚ Ȑ
ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȖșȚȍȑ ȊșȍȔ ȚȍȔ ȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȚ Ȗ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȐ ȍȋȖ
ǷȖșȓȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȈ Ȋ ȗțșȚȣȕȕȖȑ ȉțȝȚȍ ȉȈȘȒȈ Ǵȣȑ-
dzȐ șȒȘȣȊȈȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȌȕȍȔ Ȑ ȕȖȟȤȦ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȖȎȐȌȈȧ ȒȈȒȐȝ-ȚȖ
șȖȉȣȚȐȑ
ǹȈȔ Ǵȣȑ-dzȐ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑȞȣ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȘȈȊȕȖȌțȠȕȣȍ ȒȐȚȈȑ-
Ȟȣ șȖșȚȈȊȓȧȊȠȐȍ ȒȖȔȈȕȌț ȉȈȘȒȐ ȊȐȌȐȔȖ ȚȖȔȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȉȍȏ-
ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȐ ǶȕȐ ȔȖȓȟȈ ș ȘȈȏȌȘȈȎȍȕȕȣȔ ȊȐȌȖȔ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ ȕȈ
ȊȖȌț Ȑ ȕȈ ȗȘȐȉȘȍȎȕȣȍ ȒțșȚȣ ȗȐȓȐ ȟȈȑ ȒțȘȐȓȐ Ȑ ȝȖȌȐȓȐ
ȊȌȖȓȤ ȉȖȘȚȈ ȏȓȖȉȕȖ șȗȓȍȊȣȊȈȧ Ȋ ȊȖȌț
— ǶȌȕȈȒȖ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ ǹȈȓȐș ȀȊȈȉȍ — ȅȚȖ țȎ
șȓȐȠȒȖȔ Ǻȣ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȠȤ ȓȐ ǪȖȓȤȜ ȒȚȖ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȗȘȐȉȣȚȤ șȦ-
ȌȈ Ȍȓȧ ȗȘȖȊȍȘȒȐ ȕȈȠȐȝ ȘȈȉȖȚ"
— ǵȍ ȏȕȈȦ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ — Ǵȕȍ ȓȐȟȕȖ ȕȍ țȌȈȓȖșȤ
ȗȖȉȣȊȈȚȤ Ȋ ȇȗȖȕȐȐ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȚȍȔ ȒȈȒ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȚȤșȧ ș ȚȖȉȖȑ ȇ
ȓȐȠȤ ȗȖșȓȈȓ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕȕȖȍ ȌȖȕȍșȍȕȐȍ ș ȖȌȕȐȔ Ȑȏ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȟȐ-
ȒȖȊ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ «ǨȘȚȐȋ Ȑ Ǫȍȑș» ȕȈȠȍȔț ȗȖșȓț Ȋ ǺȖȒȐȖ
Ȉ țȎ Ȗȕ ȖȚ șȍȉȧ ȗȖ ȗȘȍȌȗȐșȈȕȐȦ Ȑȏ ǩȍȘȓȐȕȈ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ
șȕȍșȚȐșȤ ș ȔȖȘșȒȐȔ ȔȐȕȐșȚȍȘșȚȊȖȔ ȇȗȖȕȐȐ
— ȅȚȖ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȚșȧ ȕȍțȌȖȉȕȣȔ — Ȋ șȊȖȦ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȤ ȏȈȧȊȐȓȐ
ǴȍȑȍȘȋȈȔȔȍȘ Ȑ ǼȖșș — ǽȖȚȧ ȜȐȘȔȣ ȕȈȠȐ Ȑ ȖșȊȍȌȖȔȓȍȕȣ
Ȗ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȐȘȖȊȒȍ Ȑ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓȐ șȖȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȗȘȐ-
ȒȈȏȈȕȐȍ ȖȚ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȖȋȖ ȗȖșȓȈ Ȋ ǷȍȒȐȕȍ ȕȖ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȍȕ-
ȕȣȍ ȌȍȓȈ — ȖȌȕȖ Ȉ ȌȍȓȈ ȜȐȘȔȣ — ȌȘțȋȖȍ Ȑ ȚȖȎȍ ȐȔȍȦȚ ȉȖ-
ȓȤȠȖȍ ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȍ ȚȍȔ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȚȍșȕȖ șȊȧȏȈȕȣ ș ȌȍȓȈȔȐ
ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȖȑ ȈȋȍȕȚțȘȣ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȑ ȖȒȘȈȐȕȍ
— ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ — ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ ǴȍȑȍȘȋȈȔȔȍȘ — șȖ
Ȍȕȧ ȕȈ ȌȍȕȤ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȕȈȟȈȚȤșȧ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ ȗȖ ȗȖșȚȘȖȑȒȍ țȏȒȖȒȖ-
ȓȍȑȕȖȑ ȌȖȘȖȋȐ Ȋ ȒȘȍȗȖșȚȕȖȔ ȘȈȑȖȕȍ ǸȈȉȖȚȈȔȐ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ Șț-
ȒȖȊȖȌȐȚȤ ȧ Ȑ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ȗȖȘțȟȐȓȖ ȜȐȘȔȍ ǸȖȌȗȍȓȤ ȖȟȍȕȤ
ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȚȤ ȏȈ ȝȖȌȖȔ ȘȈȉȖȚ ȗȖ ȥȚȖȔț ȗȖȌȘȧȌț
ǭșȓȐ Ȏȍ ȧ ȕȍ ȉțȌț ȒȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȕȈ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȝ ȚȖ ȐȔȐ șȚȈȕȍȚ
ȘțȒȖȊȖȌȐȚȤ ȌȘțȋȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȚ șȚȖȓȤ
ȖȗȣȚȕȖ Ȋ șȔȣșȓȍ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ȒȈȒ ȧ ǿȚȖ Ȏ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ"
ǵȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȚȤ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ
șȗȘȈȊȍȌȓȐȊȣȑ ȊȖȗȘȖș Ǫșȍ ȌțȔȈȓȐ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ǻ Ȋșȍȝ ȉȣ-

65
ȓȐ șȊȖȐ ȏȈȉȖȚȣ Ȑ șȊȖȐ ȌȍȓȈ Ȑ ȌȖȓȋȖȍ ȔȖȓȟȈȕȐȍ șȖ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ
ȧȗȖȕșȒȖȋȖ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ ȘȈȏȌȘȈȎȈȓȖ Ȑ ȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȓȖ ǹȈȓȐșȈ
ȀȊȈȉȍ ǪȖȓȤȜȈ Ȑ ȖȉȖȐȝ ȐȕȎȍȕȍȘȖȊ
ǬȕȐ ȚȧȕțȓȐșȤ șȒțȟȕȖ Ȑ ȖȌȕȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȖ ǷȖ ȕȖȟȈȔ ȕȍ șȗȈ-
ȓȐ ȘȈȏȌȘȈȎȍȕȕȖ ȌțȔȈȧ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȗȖȏȈȉȣȚȣ Ȑ ȕȐȒȚȖ
ȕȍ ȏȈȉȖȚȐȚșȧ ȕȐ Ȗ ȕȐȝ ȕȐ Ȗ ȊȈȎȕȣȝ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȝ ȏȈȒȖȕȟȍȕȕȣȝ
ȐȔȐǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȖȕȐ ȖȠȐȉȓȐșȤ ǺȖȚ ȒȚȖ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȗȘȐȉȣȚȤ Ȓ
ȕȐȔ ȌȈȊȕȖ țȎȍ ȉȣȓ Ȋ ȗțȚȐ Ƕȕ ȊȣȠȍȓ ȕȈ ȥșȒȈȌȘȍȕȕȖȔ
ȔȐȕȖȕȖșȞȍ ȹ  Ȑȏ ǵȈȋȈșȈȒȐ Ȑ șȗțșȚȐȓșȧ Ȓ Ȧȋț ȗȖșȓȍ ȟȍȋȖ
Ƞȍȓ ȔȐȔȖ ȉȍȘȍȋȖȊ dzȧȖȌțȕșȒȖȋȖ ȗȖȓțȖșȚȘȖȊȈ Ȑ DzȖȘȍȑșȒȖȋȖ
ȗȖȉȍȘȍȎȤȧ Ȋ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȔȍșȚȈȝ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȧ Ȓ ȉȍȘȍȋț Ȑ ȖșȔȈȚ-
ȘȐȊȈȧ ȚȖ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȏȕȈȒȐ ȕȈȕȍșȍȕȕȣȍ ȉȍȓȖȑ ȒȘȈșȒȖȑ
ȕȈ ȗȘȐȉȘȍȎȕȣȝ țȚȍșȈȝ ȚȖ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȒȍȔ ȗȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȍ șȐȋ-
ȕȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȊȍȝȐ ǰȕȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ șȗțșȒȈȓ ȠȓȦȗȒȐ Ȑ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȐȓ Ȓ șȈ-
ȔȖȔț ȉȍȘȍȋț ȋȌȍ ȍȋȖ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȓȐ ȧȗȖȕȞȣ ȐȓȐ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȍ Șȣ-
ȉȈȒȐ Ȑ Ȗ ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ ȠȍȗȚȈȓȐșȤ ș ȕȐȔ ǺȈȒ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊțȧ Ȗȕ ȗȖ-
șȚȍȗȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȓșȧ Ȓ ȦȎȕȖȑ ȟȈșȚȐ ǨȔțȘșȒȖȋȖ ȏȈȓȐȊȈ Ȑ
ȉȣȓ țȎȍ ȉȓȐȏȒȖ ȖȚ țȘȖȟȐȡȈ ǹȓȈȊȧȕȒȈ Ȑ ȚȖȑ ȉțȝȚȣ ȋȌȍ țȒ-
ȘȣȓȈșȤ ȉȈȘȒȈ Ǵȣȑ-dzȐ
ǷȘȐȠȍȓ Ȗȕ Ȋ ȉțȝȚț ȕȖȟȤȦ ǴȐȕȖȕȖșȍȞ ȹ  ȗȖȒȘȣȚȣȑ
ȗȖ ȉȖȘȚȈȔ ȖȒȘȈȠȍȕȕȣȔ Ȋ ȞȊȍȚ ȌȍȘȍȊȈ ȉȘȍȏȍȕȚȖȔ ș ȕȍȖȉȣȒ-
ȕȖȊȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȔȈȟȚȈȔȐ Ȑ ȉȍșȗȖȔȖȡȕȖ ȊȐșȧȡȐȔȐ ȕȈ ȕȐȝ ȗȈ-
ȘțșȈȔȐ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȓ șȖȉȖȑ Țȍȝ ȔȘȈȟȕȣȝ ȋȓț-
ȉȖȒȖ șȐȌȧȡȐȝ Ȑ ȖșȚȘȣȝ ȒȈȒ ȓȍȏȊȐȍ ȕȖȎȈ șțȌȖȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȋ
ȕȈȟȈȊȠȍȍșȧ ȌȍȓȈȚȤșȧ țȎȍ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȕȣȔ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȉȖȘȖȏȌȐȓȐ ȇȗȖȕ-
șȒȖȍ ȔȖȘȍ ȗȖ ȊșȍȔ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȧȔ ȖȚ ǾțșȐȔȣ Ȑ ȌȖ ǺȈȚȈȘș-
ȒȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȓȐȊȈ DzȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȊȖȠȍȓ Ȋ ȉțȝȚț ȕȈ ȉȈȘȒȍ Ȋșȍ șȗȈȓȐ
ȌȈȎȍ ȌȍȎțȘȕȣȑ ȔȈȚȘȖș Ȗȕ ȘȈșȗȖȓȖȎȐȓșȧ șȘȍȌȐ ȗțșȚȣȝ ȉȖ-
ȟȍȒ Ȑ ȒȘțȋȖȊ ȒȈȕȈȚȖȊ Ȑ ȔȐȘȕȖ țșȕțȓ ǬȈȎȍ ȚȘțȉȒȈ ȊȣȗȈȓȈ
Ȑȏ ȍȋȖ ȘȚȈ DzȖșȈ ȍȋȖ ȟȍȘȕȖȑ ȏȔȍȍȑ ȐȏȊȐȊȈȓȈșȤ ȗȖ ȗȈȓțȉȍ Ȉ
ȗȖ ȕȍȑ, ȕȐȒȍȔ ȕȍ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȐȔȣȍ, ȗȖȓȏȈȓȐ ȗȈțȒȐ Ȑ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȍ
ȚȣșȧȟȍȕȖȎȒȐ ȖȝȖȚȧȡȐȍșȧ ȏȈ ȕȐȔȐ
ǿȈșȖȊȖȑ ȊșȒȖȟȐȓ ȒȈȒ țȎȈȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗ ȉȖȘȚ ȉȈȘȒȐ
ȔȧȋȒȖ țȌȈȘȐȓșȧ ȕȍșȓȣȠȕȖ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȌȠȐȑ ș ȗȖȚțȠȍȕȕȣȔȐ
ȖȋȕȧȔȐ Ȑ ș ȋȓțȠȐȚȍȓȧȔȐ ȕȈ ȚȘțȉȈȝ ȔȐȕȖȕȖșȍȞ
ǵȈ ȗȈȓțȉț ȉȈȘȒȐ ȊȉȍȎȈȓȐ ȧȗȖȕșȒȐȍ ȔȈȚȘȖșȣ Ȑ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ
ȕȐȝ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ

66
— ǷȖȏȊȈȚȤ ȝȖȏȧȍȊ!
ǵȖ Ȋ ȚȘȦȔȍ țȎȍ șȓȣȠȈȓȐ ȥȚȖȚ ȖȒȘȐȒ Ȑ ȊșȒȖȘȍ ȖȌȐȕ ȏȈ
ȌȘțȋȐȔ ȊȣȠȓȐ ǪȖȓȤȜ ǹȈȓȐș ȀȊȈȉȍ Ȑ Ȑȝ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒȐ ǶȌ-
ȕȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ ȗȖ ȗȍȘȍȒȐȕțȚȖȔț ȚȘȈȗț ȕȈ ȉȈȘȒț ȊȏȖȠȍȓ ȕȐ-
ȏȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȗȘȐȏȍȔȐșȚȣȑ ȔțȎȟȐȕȈ ș ȘȍȌȒȐȔȐ șȍȌȍȦȡȐȔȐ ȉȈ-
ȒȍȕȉȈȘȌȈȔȐ Ȑ ȋȘțȉȣȔ ȕȖ ȥȕȍȘȋȐȟȕȣȔ ȓȐȞȖȔ
— DzȚȖ Ȑȏ ȊȈș ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȖȑ șȓțȎȉȣ — DzȈȘȓ ǪȖȓȤȜ"
— șȗȘȖșȐȓ Ȗȕ ȋȓțȝȐȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ
ǪȖȓȤȜ ȊȣȠȍȓ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ Ȑ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ Ƞȓȧȗț
— ȇ — ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȜȓȖȚȈ ȍȋȖ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȊȍȓȐȟȍșȚȊȈ ȐȔ-
ȗȍȘȈȚȖȘȈ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȐ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ Ȗȕ — ǹ ȒȍȔ ȐȔȍȦ ȟȍșȚȤ ȋȖȊȖ-
ȘȐȚȤ"
ǷȘȐȉȣȊȠȐȑ ȟȍȘȕȣȔȐ ȊȣȘȈȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ șȒȖȓȤȏ-
ȕțȓ ȗȖ ȜȐȋțȘȍ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ ȗȘȈȊȣȑ țȋȖȓ ȍȋȖ ȋțȉ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ
ȒȊȍȘȝț ȟȚȖ șȘȈȏț ȗȘȐȌȈȓȖ ȍȋȖ ȓȐȞț ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ ȏȓȖȊȍȡȍȍ Ȋȣ-
ȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȝȖȎȍȍ ȕȈ țȓȣȉȒț
— ǨȌȔȐȘȈȓ ǻȘȐț — ȗȘȐȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȧ ȗȖ-ȊȖȍȕȕȖȔț ȘțȒț Ȓ
ȜțȘȈȎȒȍ ȉȘȖșȐȓ ȗȘȐȉȣȊȠȐȑ — Ǵȕȍ ȉȣ ȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕ-
ȕȖ ȖșȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȐșȗȖȓȕȍȕȕȣȍ ȊȈȔȐ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ
— Ǵȣ ȋȖȚȖȊȣ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ǪȖȓȤȜ
— Ǫ ȚȈȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȗȘȖȠț ȊȈș — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǻȘȐț țȒȈȏȣȊȈȧ
ȕȈ ȔȐȕȖȕȖșȍȞ — DzȘȖȔȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȧ ȐȔȍȦ ȗȘȍȌȗȐșȈȕȐȍ ȌȖșȚȈ-
ȊȐȚȤ ȊȈș Ȑ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕȈ ǹȈȓȐșȈ ȀȊȈȉȍ Ȋ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȒȖȘȍȑșȒȐȝ
ȗȖȘȚȖȊ
— ǹȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȊȍȘȕȖ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ǹȈȓȐș ȀȊȈȉȍ. — ǵȈȔ ȕȍ-
țȌȖȉȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ ȧȊȐȚȤșȧ ȕȍ ȗȖ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȖȑ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ Ȋ ȕȈȠ ȋȖ-
ȘȖȌ ȅȚȖ ȔȖȋȓȖ ȉȣ ȊȣȏȊȈȚȤ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȍȕȐȍ
ǵȖ ȈȌȔȐȘȈȓȈ ǻȘȐț ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȔȈȓȖ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȓȐ Țȍ șȖ-
ȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ ȘțȒȖȊȖȌșȚȊȖȊȈȓȐșȤ ȥȚȐ ȓȦȌȐ Ƕȕ ȔȖȓ-
ȟȈ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȕȈ ȔȐȕȖȕȖșȍȞ Ȉ ǹȈȓȐș ȀȊȈȉȍ ȗȖȏȊȈȓ Ǵȣȑ-dzȐ Ȑ
ȘȈșȗȓȈȚȐȓșȧ ș ȕȐȔ ǷȖȎȐȔȈȧ ȍȔț ȘțȒț ǹȈȓȐș ȀȊȈȉȍ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— Ǵȣȑ-dzȐ Ȋȣ ȌȖșȚȈȊȐȚȍ ȖȉȖȐȝ ȐȕȎȍȕȍȘȖȊ Ȓ ȉȍȘȍȋț ț ȖșȚ-
ȘȖȊȈ ǷțȚȧȚȐȕȈ Ȑ ș ȚȖȋȖ ȟȈșȈ Ȋȣ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȣ
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȐȕțȚ ȔȐȕȖȕȖșȍȞ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȕȍșȓȣȠȕȖ ȖȚȖ-
Ƞȍȓ Ȑ șȓȐȊȠȐșȤ ș ȔȘȈȒȖȔ ȗȓȣȊȠȐȔ ȕȈȌ ȉțȝȚȖȑ ȊȣȠȍȓ Ȋ
ȔȖȘȍ
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȈșȖȊ ȗȖșȓȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȊȌȖȓȤ ȒȖȘȍȑșȒȖȋȖ ȉȍ-
ȘȍȋȈ șȚȈȘȈȧșȤ șȒȘȣȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȉțȝȚȈȝ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȌȊȐȋȈȓȖșȤ

67
Ȓ Ȧȋț șțȌȕȖ ș ȒȈȒȐȔȐ-ȚȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ ȉȖȓȚȈȦȡȐȔȐșȧ ȗȈȘțșȈȔȐ
Ȑ ȚȘȍȔȧ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔȐ ȚȘțȉȈȔȐ ȒȈȒȐȍ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȉȣȊȈȦȚ ȕȈ ȔȐȕȖ-
ȕȖșȞȈȝ
ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȔȐȕȖȕȖșȍȞ ȹ  ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȈȌȔȐȘȈȓ ǻȘȐț
șȖȊȍȘȠȈȓ ȖșȔȖȚȘ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȓȍȕȐȑ ȗȘȍȌȠȍșȚȊȖȊȈȊȠȐȝ Ȋșȗȣȝ-
ȕțȊȠȍȑ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȗȧȚȤ ȔȍșȧȞȍȊ ȗȖșȓȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȊȖȑȕȍ
ǪȖ ȔȕȖȋȐȝ ȉțȝȚȈȝ ȈȌȔȐȘȈȓ ǻȘȐț ȐȔȍȓ șȊȐȌȈȕȐȍ ș ȒȐȚȈȑ-
șȒȐȔȐ ȘȣȉȈȒȈȔȐ ȐȓȐ ȧȗȖȕșȒȐȔȐ ȒțȗȞȈȔȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ țșȚȘȈȐ-
ȊȈȓȐ ȘȈȌȐȖȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜȕȣȍ șȚȈȕȞȐȐ Ȑ ȗȖȌȋȖȚȖȊȓȧȓȐ ȏȈȗȈșȣ ȔȐȕ
ǵȍȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȖȚ ǬȈȓȤȕȍȋȖ Ȋ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȉțȝȚȍ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓȈ Ȟȍ-
ȓȈȧ ȜȓȖȚȐȓȐȧ ȧȗȖȕșȒȐȝ ȘȣȉȈȒȖȊ DzȖȋȌȈ șțȌȕȖ șȒȘȣȊȈȊȠȍȍ
ȗȖȌ șȊȖȍȑ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȑ ȕȈȘțȎȕȖȑ ȖȉȖȓȖȟȒȖȑ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȓțȟȠȐȝ
ȔȐȕȖȕȖșȞȍȊ ȊȖȠȓȖ Ȋ ȥȚț ȉțȝȚț Ȑ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȓȖ ȔȐȔȖ șȈȔȗȈ-
ȕȖȊ Ȑ ȉȈȘȖȒ ș ȘȣȉȈȒȈȔȐ ȚȖ ȓȦȌȐ ȉȣȊȠȐȍ ȕȈ ȕȐȝ ȊȣȚȧ-
ȋȐȊȈȓȐșȤ ȗȖ-ȊȖȍȕȕȖȔț Ȑ ȔȖȓȟȈ ȗȘȐȊȍȚșȚȊȖȊȈȓȐ șȚȖȧȊȠțȦ ț
ȗȍȘȍȌȕȍȑ ȔȈȟȚȣ țȋȘȦȔțȦ ȒȖȘȍȕȈșȚțȦ ȜȐȋțȘț ȈȌȔȐȘȈȓȈ
ǩțȝȚȈ ȥȚȈ ȓȍȎȈȓȈ ȕȈ ȗțȚȐ ȖȚ ǬȈȓȤȕȍȋȖ ȌȖ ǷȖȘȚ-ǨȘȚțȘȈ
Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȍșȕȖȑ  ȋȖȌȈ ȍȍ ȏȈȈȘȍȕȌȖȊȈȓȐ ȧȗȖȕșȒȐȍ ȘȣȉȖ-
ȗȘȖȔȣȠȓȍȕȕȐȒȐ DzȈșțȝȐ Ȑ ǶȌȈȘȈ ȐȔȍȊȠȐȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ ȔȈȋȈȏȐ-
ȕȣ Ȋ șȍȊȍȘȕȖȑ ȟȈșȚȐ ȇȗȖȕȐȐ Ȑ ȊȣȊȖȏȐȊȠȐȍ șțȠȍȕțȦ Șȣȉț
Ȋ DzȐȚȈȑ
dzȐȠȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȈȟȈȓșȧ țȓȖȊ Șȣȉȣ Ȋ ȈȘȍȕȌȖȊȈȕȕțȦ ȧȗȖȕ-
ȞȈȔȐ ȉțȝȚț ȗȘȐȉȣȓȐ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȈ ȌȖșȚȈȊȐȊȠȐȍ ȕȈ șȊȖȐȝ
ȉȖȘȚȈȝ ȞȍȓțȦ ȜȓȖȚȐȓȐȦ ȘȣȉȈȟȤȐȝ ȟȍȓȕȖȒȖȊ
ǵȈ ȉȍȘȍȋȈȝ ȉțȝȚȣ șȘȈȏț ȊȣȘȖșȓȐ ȠȈȓȈȠȐ Ȑ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȍ
ȌȖȔȈ Ȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȈ ȏȈȒȐȗȍȓȈ ǹ țȚȘȈ ȉȘȖșȈȓȐ șȍȚȐ Ȑ ȊȣȓȈȊȓȐ-
ȊȈȓȐ Șȣȉț ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȚțȚ Ȏȍ ȘȈȏȊȍȠȐȊȈȓȐ șȖȓȐȓȐ Ȑ ȊȧȓȐȓȐ
DzȖȋȌȈ Ȏȍ ȊȍȟȍȘȍȓȖ Ȑ ȕȈȌ ȊȖȌȖȑ ȗȖȧȊȓȧȓȈșȤ ȚȈ ȕȍȗȘȖȏȘȈȟ-
ȕȈȧ ȖȉȔȈȕȟȐȊȈȧ ȌȣȔȒȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ șȒȘȣȊȈȍȚ ȖȟȍȘȚȈȕȐȧ ȗȘȍȌ-
ȔȍȚȖȊ Ȑ ȌȍȓȈȍȚ ȚțȔȈȕȕȖȑ ȌȈȓȤ ș șȈȔȗȈȕȖȊ Ȋ ȊȖȌț ȗȖ șȗț-
ȡȍȕȕȣȔ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȈȔ șȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȓȦȌȐ Ȋ ȒȖșȚȦȔȈȝ ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏȖȊ
ǷȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȓȖ ȥȚȖ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ț ȊȣȝȖȌȈ Ȑȏ ȉțȝȚȣ ȉȓȐȎȍ Ȓ ȚȖȔț
ȔȍșȚț ȋȌȍ ȖȉȣȟȕȖ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȣȍ Ȑ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȍ
ȒȖȘȈȉȓȐ
ǬȖȓȋȖ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓȐ ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏȣ ȗȖȒȈ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ȕȍ țȏȕȈȓȐ ȊȓȈ-
șȚȐ ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ Ȋ ȉțȝȚț ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ ȗȖșȓȍ ȏȈȒȈȚȈ șȖȓȕȞȈ Ȋȓȍ-
Țȍȓ ȘțșșȒȐȑ ȔȐȕȖȕȖșȍȞ Ƕȕ ȉȘȖșȐȓ ȧȒȖȘȤ ț ȊȝȖȌȈ Ȋ ȉțȝȚț Ȑ
șȗțșȚȐȓ ȠȓȦȗȒț

ǶȜȐȞȍȘ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȌȖȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȚȤ ȗȘȖȔȣȠȓȍȕȕȐȒȖȊ ȏȈȟȍȔ
ȗȖȕȈȌȖȉȐȓȐșȤ ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏȣ ȕȖ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ țșȗȖȒȖȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȣȑ ȖȚȊȍȚ ǭȔț șȒȈȏȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏȣ ȏȈȕȧȚȣ ȓȖȊȓȍȑ ȚȘȍ-
ȗȈȕȋȖȊ țșȚȘȐȞ Ȑ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȒȈȗțșȚȣ
ǹȔȖȚȘȐȚȍȓȤ ȗȘȖȔȣșȓȖȊ șȚȈȘȣȑ ȝȐȚȘȣȑ ȧȗȖȕȍȞ ǺȍȘȘȈ-
ȠȐ-ǺȖȋț șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ȇ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȥȚȖ ȕȍȏȈȒȖȕȕȖ ȚȈȒ
ȒȈȒ ȓȖȊȓȧ ȚȘȍȗȈȕȋȖȊ Ȑ țșȚȘȐȞ ȗȘȐ ȗȖȔȖȡȐ ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏȖȊ șȖȊȍȘ-
ȠȍȕȕȖ ȖȗțșȚȖȠȈȍȚ ȔȖȘȍ ǵȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȌȍȓȈȚȤ" Ǵȣ Ȋ ȟțȎȖȑ șȚȘȈ-
ȕȍ Ȑ ȗȘȐ ȚȖȔ Ȋ șȚȘȈȕȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ șȈȔȈ ȕȍ țȔȍȍȚ ȐșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȚȤ
șȊȖȐȝ ȉȖȋȈȚșȚȊ ǷțșȚȤ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȝȖȚȤ ȥȚȐȔ ȊȖșȗȖȓȤȏțȦȚșȧ Ǫȣ
Ȕȍȕȧ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȗȖȑȔȍȚȍ
ǫȖȊȖȘȧ ȥȚȖ ȧȗȖȕȍȞ ȝȐȝȐȒȈȓ Ȑ ȗȖȌȖȉȖșȚȘȈșȚȕȖ ȊȚȧȋȐȊȈȓ
Ȋ șȍȉȧ ȊȖȏȌțȝ Ȑ Ȋ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȒȖȕȞȖȊ țȊȐȌȍȊ ȟȚȖ ȍȔț ȗȖȊȍȘȐȓȐ
ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏȣ ȕȍȌȈȊȕȖ ȌȖȉȣȓȐ ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ țșȚȘȐȟ-
ȕțȦ ȘȈȒȖȊȐȕț Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȒ ȘȍȌȒȖ șȓțȟȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȥȚȐȝ șȍȊȍȘȕȣȝ
ȊȖȌȈȝ ȕȈȠȓȐ Ȋ ȕȍȑ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȒȘțȗȕțȦ ȎȍȔȟțȎȐȕț ǹȚȈȘȐȒ
șȉȍȋȈȓ Ȋ ȠȈȓȈȠ Ȑ ȗȘȐȕȍș ȎȍȔȟțȎȐȕț ȊȍȓȐȟȐȕȖȑ Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȠȐ-
ȕț ȒȘȈșȐȊȖȋȖ șȍȘȖ-șȚȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȞȊȍȚȈ ȖȚșȊȍȟȐȊȈȦȡțȦ ȕȍȎȕȣ-
ȔȐ șȐȕȍ-ȏȍȓȍȕȣȔȐ ȖȋȕȧȔȐ
Ǫ ȥȚȖȑ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ȉțȝȚȍ ȔȐȕȖȕȖșȍȞ ȹ  ȗȘȖȊȍȓ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ
Ȍȕȍȑ ȗȘȐȟȍȔ ȈȌȔȐȘȈȓ ǻȘȐț ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ǪȖȓȤȜȖȔ ȖșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȓ
ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȔȍșȚȈ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ șȚȖȧȓȐ șȈȔȗȈȕȣ Ȑ ȋȌȍ ȊșȧȒțȦ
ȕȖȟȤ șȗțșȒȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȊȖȌț ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏȣ
ǷȖȚȖȔ ș ȔȐȕȖȕȖșȞȈ ȚȍȔȕȖȑ ȕȖȟȤȦ ȗȍȘȍȊȍȏȓȐ ș ȉȖȓȤ-
ȠȖȑ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖșȚȤȦ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ ȒȘțȋȓȣȍ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚȣ
ș ȞȍȗȧȔȐ ȏȈȒȈȕȟȐȊȈȦȡȐȔȐșȧ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȐȔȐ ȧȒȖȘȧȔȐ ǰȝ
ȖȗțșȚȐȓȐ Ȋ ȊȖȌț Ȑ ȖȕȐ șȒȘȣȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȗțȟȐȕȍ ȌȖ Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ ȗȖȒȈ
ȐȔ ȕȍ șțȎȌȍȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȗȖȧȊȐȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȗȘȐȕȧȚȤ țȟȈșȚȐȍ Ȋ
ȚȖȑ ȒȘȖȊȈȊȖȑ ȉȖȑȕȍ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȤȕȐȞȍȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȉȣ-
ȓȐ șȌȍȓȈȚȤșȧ ȥȚȐ ȚȐȝȐȍ ȊȖȌȣ
Ǫ ȖȒȚȧȉȘȍ țȎȍ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ șȈȔȗȈȕȈ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ Ȋ ȉțȝȚȍ Ȑ ȏȈ-
ȉȘȖȠȍȕȕȣȍ Ȑ ȗțșȚȣȍ șȚȖȧȓȐ ȠȈȓȈȠȐ Ȉ ȕȍțȉȘȈȕȕȈȧ ȘȣȉȈ ȋȕȐ-
ȓȈ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț
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69
XII
ǰȏ ǩȍȘȓȐȕȈ ǪȖȚȈȕ ȍȝȈȓ, ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ țșȗȖȒȖȍȕȕȣȑ
ǷȘȐȍȔ ȖȒȈȏȈȕȕȣȑ ȍȔț Ȋ ȔȐȕȐșȚȍȘșȚȊȈȝ Ȑ ȗȘȐȋȓȈȠȍȕȐȍ ȕȈ
ȊȈȎȕȖȍ ȏȈșȍȌȈȕȐȍ ȒȖȔȐșșȐȐ ȒțȌȈ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖȔ ȌȖȗțș-
ȒȈȓȐșȤ ȓȐȠȤ ȕȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ ȌȖȊȍȘȍȕȕȣȍ ȓȐȞȈ ȌȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȐ șȚȈ-
ȘȖȔț ǪȖȚȈȕț ȟȚȖ ȍȔț ȕȍȚ ȗȖȊȖȌȈ ȖȗȈșȈȚȤșȧ ȏȈ șȊȖȦ țȟȈșȚȤ
DzȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȖȚȒȓȈȕȐȊȈȓșȧ ț ȊȖȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȔȐȕȐșȚȘȈ ȚȖȚ ȋȖȘȧ-
ȟȖ ȗȖȎȈȓ ȍȔț ȘțȒț Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǴȕȖȋȖțȊȈȎȈȍȔȣȑ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ ǪȖȚȈȕ ǪȈȠȈ ȌȖȉȓȍșȚȕȈȧ
șȓțȎȉȈ ȖȚȓȐȟȕȖ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȈ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊț ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȐ Ȑ ȍȍ ȐȔ-
ȗȍȘȈȚȖȘț ǭȋȖ ǪȍȓȐȟȍșȚȊȖ ȖșȊȍȌȖȔȓȍȕȕȣȑ Ȗ ȗȘȍȉȣȊȈȕȐȐ ȊȈ-
ȠȍȔ Ȋ ǩȍȘȓȐȕȍ ȓȐȠȤ ȏȈ ȕȍȌȖșȚȈȚȒȖȔ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȊȈș
ȗȘȐȕȧȚȤ ȕȖ Ȗȕ ȗȖȘțȟȐȓ Ȕȕȍ ȊȣșȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȊȈȔ ȍȋȖ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘ-
ȕȖșȚȤ Ȑ țȊȍȘȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ȟȚȖ Ȑ ȊȗȘȍȌȤ ȋȍȘȔȈȕȞȣ ȗȘȐȕȧȊȠȐȍ
ȗȖȌȌȈȕșȚȊȖ ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȈ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȕțȚ
ȉȣȚȤ ȋȍȘȔȈȕȞȈȔȐ Ȋ ȓțȟȠȍȔ ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȐ ȥȚȖȋȖ șȓȖȊȈ ǰȏ Ȋșȍȝ
Țȍȝ șȖȊȍȡȈȕȐȑ țȟȈșȚȕȐȒȖȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ Ȋȣ ȐȏȊȖȓȐȓȐ ȉȣȚȤ Ȋȣ
ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȗȖȕȧȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȉȓȐȎȈȑȠȈȧ ȏȈȌȈȟȈ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȐ —ȖșȓȈ-
ȉȐȚȤ ȗȘȐ ȗȖȔȖȡȐ ȊȕȍȠȕȐȝ șȐȓ ǸȖșșȐȦ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ȟȍȔ Ȋșȗȣȝ-
ȕȍȚ ț ȕȈș ȊȖȑȕȈ ș ȥȚȖȑ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȑ șȚȘȈȕȖȑ Ǵȣ ȕȈȌȍȍȔșȧ ȗȖ-
ȥȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ șȌȍȓȈȍȚȍ Ȋșȍ ȏȈȊȐșȧȡȍȍ ȖȚ ȊȈș ȐșȗȖȓȤȏțȍȚȍ
Ȋșȍ șȊȖȐ șȐȓȣ Ȋșȍ șȊȧȏȐ Ȑ Ȋșȍ șȊȖȍ ȊȓȐȧȕȐȍ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȖȔȖȟȤ
ȧȗȖȕșȒȖȑ ȈȘȔȐȐ Ȑ ȜȓȖȚț ȌȖșȚȐȋȕțȚȤ ȚȖȋȖ ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚȈ ȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȑ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔ Ȑ ȗȖȓȍȏȍȕ Ȍȓȧ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȐ
ǷȖșȓȍ ȥȚȐȝ șȓȖȊ ǪȖȚȈȕ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ ȏȈȌȈȟȈ ȚȈȒ ȖȉȠȐȘȕȈ
Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȒȈȒ ȍȔț ȚȈȒ Ȑ ǪȖȓȤȜț ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ Ȑ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ
Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȕȍ ȔȍȠȈȧ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋț ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȗȖȓȍȏȕȣȔ șȊȖȍȑ
ȘȖȌȐȕȍ ȒȈȒȖȑ ǪȖȚȈȕ șȟȐȚȈȓ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȦ
Ǫ ȋȖșȚȐȕȐȞț ȏȈ ȌȍșȧȚȤ ȔȐȕțȚ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȚȍȔ ȒȈȒ ǪȖȚȈȕ șȖ-
ȉȐȘȈȓșȧ ȊȣȍȝȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȊȖȒȏȈȓ ȗȘȐȉȣȓ ȟȐȕȖȊȕȐȒ ȊȖȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȔȐ-
ȕȐșȚȍȘșȚȊȈ Ȑ ȌȖșȚȈȊȐȓ ȕȈ ȐȔȧ ǪȖȚȈȕȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȗȈȒȍȚ ǫȓȈ-
ȊȈ ȜȐȘȔȣ «ǨȘȚȐȋ Ȑ Ǫȍȑș» ȕȈȠȍȓ ȊȕțȚȘȐ ȉțȔȈȋț șȗȓȖȠȤ Ȑș-
ȗȐșȈȕȕțȦ ȕȈȏȊȈȕȐȧȔȐ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȝ ȚȖȊȈȘȖȊ Ȑ ȒȖȓȐȟȍșȚȊȖȔ
ȔȍșȚ, ȖȚȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȗȖ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȖȑ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ ǪȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ǪȖȚȈȕ ȕȍ
ȗȖȕȧȓ ȉȣ ȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȧ ȥȚȖȑ ȉțȔȈȋȐ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȕȍ ȟȐȕȖȊȕȐȒ
țșȓțȎȓȐȊȖ ȗȖȧșȕȐȊȠȐȑ ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȍ ȍȍ Ȑ ȘȈșșȍȧȊȠȐȑ ȕȍȌȖț-

70
ȔȍȕȐȍ ǪȖȚȈȕȈ
— ȅȚȖ — ȚȈȑȕȈȧ ȐȕșȚȘțȒȞȐȧ ȊȖȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȔȐȕȐșȚȍȘșȚȊȈ —
ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȓ Ȗȕ — ǷȖ ȗȘȐȉȣȚȐȐ Ȓ șȍȉȍ Ȋȣ ȉțȌȤȚȍ ȌȖȉȘȣ șȔȣȚȤ
ȊȖȌȖȑ ȕȈȗȐșȈȕȕȖȍ Ȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȊȣșțȠȐȚȤ ȉțȔȈȋț ț ȋȖȘȧȡȍȑ
ȗȍȟȒȐ ǺȖȋȌȈ ȕȈ ȉțȔȈȋȍ ȊȣșȚțȗȧȚ ȉțȒȊȣ Ȑ Ȋȣ ȗȘȖȟȚȍȚȍ ȚȖȚ
ȠȐȜȘ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȕȈȌȓȍȎȐȚ șȕȖșȐȚȤșȧ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȊȈȎȕȣȝ șȖ-
ȉȣȚȐȑ ș ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȐȔ ȗȖșȓȖȔ Ȋ ǷȍȒȐȕȍ Ȑ ș ȒȖȕșțȓȖȔ Ȋ ǽȈȘ-
ȉȐȕȍ Ȉ Ȋ ȒȖȗȐȐ Ȑ ș ȊȖȍȕȕȣȔ ȔȐȕȐșȚȍȘșȚȊȖȔ
DzȖȋȌȈ ǪȖȚȈȕ ȗȘȐȉȣȓ ȕȈ ȊȖȒȏȈȓ ȚȖ Ȓ țȌȐȊȓȍȕȐȦ șȊȖȍȔț
Ȗȕ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓ ǫ
ȐȕȞȍ ș țȓȣȉȒȖȑ ȏȈȧȊȐȊȠȍȋȖ ȍȔț ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȉț-
ȌțȚ ȗȖȗțȚȟȐȒȈȔȐ ȌȖ șȈȔȖȋȖ ǽȈȘȉȐȕȈ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ șȘȖȟ-
ȕțȦ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȐȘȖȊȒț Ȓ ȗȖșȓț Ȋ ǷȍȒȐȕȍ ǺțȚ Ȏȍ Ȗȕ ȗȖȏȕȈȒȖ-
ȔȐȓ ǪȖȚȈȕȈ șȖ șȊȖȐȔ șȗțȚȕȐȒȖȔ ȊȣșȖȒȐȔ ȝțȌȣȔ ȒȈȒ Ȋȧ-
ȓȍȕȈȧ ȘȣȉȈ ș ȉȘȖȕȏȖȊȣȔ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȟȍȘȕȣȔ ȖȚ ȏȈȋȈȘȈ ȓȐȞȖȔ
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȔ ȕȈ ȋȖȘȉȈȚȖȔ ȕȖșț ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ șȊȍȘȒȈȓȐ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȍ
ȒȘțȋȓȣȍ ȖȟȒȐ Ȋ ȘȖȋȖȊȖȑ ȖȗȘȈȊȍ Ȉ ȏȈ ȕȐȔȐ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȕȖ ȉȍȋȈȓȐ
ȉȓȐȏȖȘțȒȐȍ șȓȍȋȒȈ ȕȈȐȊȕȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ
— ǬȖȒȚȖȘ ǷțȎȍȕ — ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ ǪȖȚȈȕ — ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȓ Ȑȝ ȌȘțȋ
ȌȘțȋț ǫȐȕȞȍ — ǷȖȏȕȈȒȖȔȤȚȍșȤ ȋȖșȗȖȌȈ
ǶȚ ǩȍȘȓȐȕȈ Ȑ ȌȖ șȈȔȖȋȖ ǽȈȘȉȐȕȈ ǪȖȚȈȕ ȍȝȈȓ Ȋ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍ
ȥȚȐȝ ȌȊțȝ ȟȐȕȖȊȕȐȒȖȊ
ǷțȎȍȕ ș ȞȐȕȐȟȕȖȑ ȖȚȒȘȖȊȍȕȕȖșȚȤȦ ȏȈȧȊȐȓ ǪȖȚȈȕț ȟȚȖ
ȔȐȘ șȌȍȓȈȍȚșȧ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȋȖ ȊșȒȖȘȍ Țȍșȍȕ
— ǷȖȌțȔȈȑȚȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ Ȗȕ șȖ șȔȍȝȖȔ ȗțșȒȈȧ
ȋțșȚȣȍ Ȓȓțȉȣ ȌȣȔȈ — ȇ ȉȣȓ Ȋ dzȖȕȌȖȕȍ ȇ ȏȈȊȍȓ ȚȈȔ ȚȈȒțȦ
ȒțȚȍȘȤȔț ȟȚȖ ȋȍȘȔȈȕȖȜȖȉȣ ȊȏȉȍșȐȓȐșȤ ǷȘȐ ȗȖȔȖȡȐ ȕȈ-
ȠȐȝ ȈȋȍȕȚȖȊ ȧ țșȐȓȐȓ ȋȍȘȔȈȕȖȜȐȓȤșȒȖȍ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍ Ȑ Ȋȕȍș
ȘȈȏȌȖȘ Ȋ șȘȍȌț ȋȍȘȔȈȕȖȜȖȉȖȊ ǷȖȓȤȏțȧșȤ șȊȖȍȑ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȦ-
ȡȍȑ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒțȦ ȜȈȔȐȓȐȍȑ ȧ ȗȘȖȟȍȓ ȘȧȌ ȓȍȒȞȐȑ Ȗ ȕȍȖȉ-
ȝȖȌȐȔȖșȚȐ ȖȉȢȍȌȐȕȍȕȐȧ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȐ ș ǨȕȋȓȐȍȑ Ȑ ǼȘȈȕȞȐȍȑ
Ȑ șȒȈȕȌȐȕȈȊșȒȐȔȐ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȈȔȐ Ȑ ȊȖȖȘțȎȍȕȕȖȍ ȊȣșȚțȗȓȍ-
ȕȐȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȕȖȊȖȋȖ șȖȦȏȈ ȗȘȐ ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȒȍ ǨȊșȚȘȐȐ Ȑ ǰȚȈȓȐȐ
ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ǸȖșșȐȐ ȇ ș ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȖȑ țȉȍȌȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤȦ țȔȍȦ ȌȖ-
ȒȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ ȖȚșȚȈȓȖșȚȤ ȒțȓȤȚțȘȕȖȋȖ ȘȈȏȊȐȚȐȧ șȓȈȊȧȕ Ȑ ȖȌȕȖ-
ȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ Țț ȖȋȘȖȔȕțȦ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȤ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȖȕȐ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊ-
ȓȧȦȚ Ȍȓȧ ǭȊȘȖȗȣ ȇ țȊȍȘȐȓ ȌȖȉȘțȦ ȟȈșȚȤ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȖȋȖ Ȗȉ-
ȡȍșȚȊȈ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȍȋȖ ȊȍȓȐȟȍșȚȊȖ DzȈȑȏȍȘ ȗȘȖȗȖȊȍȌțȧ Ȏȍȓ-
ȚțȦ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȤ ȐȔȍȓ Ȋ ȊȐȌț ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ DzȐȚȈȑ Ȑ ȇȗȖȕȐȦ ȗȍȘ-

71
Ȋȣȍ ȒțȓȤȚțȘȕȣȍ ȏȈȉȖȚȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȊȖȓȍȑ-ȕȍȊȖȓȍȑ țȌȍȘȎȈȚ ȍȍ
ȖȚ ȈȋȘȍșșȐȊȕȣȝ ȊȣșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȑ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ǭȊȘȖȗȣ ȕȖ ȟȚȖ DzȈȑ-
ȏȍȘ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ Ȗ ǸȖșșȐȐ ȖȉȓȍȒȈȧ ȓȐȠȤ Ȋ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕțȦ ȜȖȘȔț
șȊȖȦ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ ȗȘȈȊȐȓȤȕțȦ ȔȣșȓȤ ǵȖ Ȕȕȍ Ȓ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȤȦ Ȋșȍ-
ȋȌȈ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚșȧ ȐȔȍȚȤ ȌȍȓȖ ș ȒȈȒȐȔȐ-ȚȖ ȕȍȏȘȍȓȣȔȐ ȓȦȌȤ-
ȔȐ ǰ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȋȓțȗȣȑ ȈȋȍȕȚ ȗȖșȓȈȓ Ȕȕȍ șȓȐ-
ȠȒȖȔ ȗȘȖȏȘȈȟȕȖȍ ȗȐșȤȔȖ ȖȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȍȘȍȝȊȈȟȍȕȖ ȓȖȕȌȖȕ-
șȒȐȔȐ ȒȖȕșȚȍȉȓȧȔȐ Ȉ ȧ ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȕȈș-
ȚȖȑȟȐȊȖȍ ȗȘȐȋȓȈȠȍȕȐȍ ȗȖȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ ȗȖ ȒȖȕȚȐȕȍȕȚț
ǨȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȍ ȏȓȖȗȈȔȧȚȕȣ Ȉ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȗȖȧȊȐȓșȧ Ȋ ǰȕ-
ȌȐȐ Ȑ ȝȖȚȧ Ȋ ǩȖȔȉȍȑ Ȑ DzȈȓȤȒțȚȚț ȧ ȕȍ ȏȈȍȏȎȈȓ Ȉ ȖȘțȌȖȊȈȓ
ȓȐȠȤ Ȋ ȌȐȒȖȑ ȏȍȔȓȍ ǬȈȒȖȊ ȋȌȍ ȧ țȉȍȎȌȈȓ Ȑȝ ȗȖȌȕȧȚȤ ȊȖș-
șȚȈȕȐȍ ȖȉȍȡȈȧ ȐȔ ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȒț ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȐ ȉȓȈȋȖ Ȋ ȊȖȌȈȝ ǩȍȕ-
ȋȈȓȤșȒȖȋȖ ȏȈȓȐȊȈ Ȋ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȚȖȧȓȐ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ ȕȈȠȐȝ ȒȘȍȑșȍ-
ȘȈ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐȍ ȒȖȓȖȕȐȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȊȓȈșȚȐ ȗȘȖȊȍȌȈȓȐ ȗȘȖ Ȕȍȕȧ
Ȑ țȎȍ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȖȚȒȘȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȗȖșȈȌȐȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȈ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȗȖ-
ȗȈȊȠȐȑșȧ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȓȧȦȡȐȑșȧ Ȋ ǭȊȘȖȗț ǷȖșȓȍ ȥȚȖ-
ȋȖ ȧ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȓ țȟȈșȚȐȍ Ȋ țȟȘȍȎȌȍȕȐȐ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȐȝ ȚȈȑȕȣȝ ȉȦ-
ȘȖ Ȋ ǹȖȍȌȐȕȍȕȕȣȝ ȀȚȈȚȈȝ Ȉ ȗȖȚȖȔ șȚȈȘȈȓșȧ ȗȖșȍȧȚȤ ȊȘȈȎ-
Ȍț ȔȍȎȌț ȚțȘȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȉȈȓȒȈȕșȒȐȔȐ șȓȈȊȧȕȈȔȐ ȕȖ Ȋ ȖȉȖȐȝ
șȓțȟȈȧȝ ȕȍȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖșȚȤ ȔȖȐȝ șȖȚȘțȌȕȐȒȖȊ ȊȣȌȈȊȈȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ
ș ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ Ȑ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȖșȤ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ǩȍȘȓȐȕ ȕȍ-
șȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ Ȋșȍ ȔȖȐ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȕȣȍ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȐ Ȓ ȐȕȚȘȐȋȈȔ ȉȖȓȤ-
ȠȖȋȖ ȘȈȏȔȈȝȈ Ȑ ȗȖȘȖȑ Ȓ ȊȍșȤȔȈ șȔȍȓȣȔ ȗȘȍȌȗȘȐȧȚȐȧȔ Ǻȍ-
ȗȍȘȤ Ȕȕȍ ȖșȚȈȍȚșȧ ǺȐȝȖȖȒȍȈȕșȒȖȍ ȗȖȉȍȘȍȎȤȍ ǸțșșȒȐȍ ȒȐ-
ȚȈȑȞȣ Ȑ ȧȗȖȕȞȣ ȉȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȕȍ ȚȈȒ șȒȖȘȖ țȊȐȌȧȚ ȊȖ Ȕȕȍ
ȚȖȋȖ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȌȖȒȚȖȘȈ ǷțȎȍȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȚȈȒ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȐȏȊȍșȚȍȕ
ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȈȔ ǵȖ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȐȔ
ǫȘȖȔȒȖ ȘȈșȝȖȝȖȚȈȊȠȐșȤ ȌȖȒȚȖȘ ǷțȎȍȕ ȖȚȒȐȕțȓșȧ ȕȈ șȗȐȕ-
Ȓț ȌȐȊȈȕȈ Ȑ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȊȣȗțȒȓȣȝ șȚȍȒȖȓ ȍȋȖ ȖȟȒȖȊ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ
ȕȈȋȓȣȍ ȉȓȐȏȖȘțȒȐȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ
ǰȕȚȍȘȍșȕȖȍ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȍȕȐȍ șȌȍȓȈȓ ǪȖȚȈȕ ȗȖ ȗțȚȐ Ȑȏ ǩȍȘ-
ȓȐȕȈ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋȈ ǺȐȝȖȋȖ ȖȒȍȈȕȈ
ǭȝȈȓȐ ȖȕȐ ș ȗȖȍȏȌȖȔ ȠȍȌȠȐȔ ȕȈ ǪȈȘȠȈȊț Ȑ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȧ
ȖȚ șȈȔȖȑ ȋȘȈȕȐȞȣ Ȋ Ȑȝ ȊȈȋȖȕ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȊȝȖȌȐȚȤ șȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȕȍȔ-
Ȟȣ-ȒȖȓȖȕȐșȚȣ ȕȈșȍȓȧȦȡȐȍ ȊșȦ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȗȖȋȘȈȕȐȟȕțȦ ȗȖȓȖ-
șț ǾȈȘșȚȊȈ ǷȖȓȤșȒȖȋȖ Ȑ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȌȖ ǩȍșșȈȘȈȉȐȐ Ȑ ȌȖ ǩȈȓȚȐȑ-
șȒȖȋȖ ȔȖȘȧ ȗȖȚȖȔ Ȋ ȊȈȋȖȕȍ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȗȖȧȊȓȧȚȤșȧ ȐȕȎȍȕȍȘȣ

72
ȜȈȉȘȐȒȈȕȚȣ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȟȐȒȐ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȝ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȝ ȜȐȘȔ — Ȑ
ȚȈȒ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȖșȤ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȌȖ șȈȔȖȋȖ ǷȍȚȍȘȉțȘȋȈ ǪșȍȔ ȐȔ ǫȐȕ-
Ȟȍ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȊȈȓ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ ȗȈȒȍȚȣ Ȋ ȒȖȕȊȍȘȚȈȝ ȉȍȏ ȊșȧȒȖȋȖ
ȖȉȖȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȧ ȖȚ ȒȖȋȖ Ȑ ȒȖȔț ȖȕȐ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȈȓȐ
— ǿȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȏȈ ȓȦȌȐ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ ǪȖȚȈȕ
— Ǫșȍ ȕȈȠȐ — ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖ țȓȣȉȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ǫȐȕ-
Ȟȍ Ǫ ǷȍȚȍȘȉțȘȋȍ Ȋ ȟȍșȚȤ ȋȖșȚȍȑ ȉȣȓ țșȚȘȖȍȕ ȏȈȊȚȘȈȒ Ȋ ȋȍȘ-
ȔȈȕșȒȖȔ ȗȖșȖȓȤșȚȊȍ ȋȌȍ Ȑȝ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȓȐ ș ȟȘȣȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȣȔ
ȗȖȟȍȚȖȔ Ȑ ȓȦȉȍȏȕȖșȚȤȦ ǷȖ ȖȒȖȕȟȈȕȐȐ ȏȈȊȚȘȈȒȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ǫȐȕ-
Ȟȍ Ȑ ǷțȎȍȕ Ȋ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚȍ ȗȖșȓȈ ȒțȘȐȓȐ șȐȋȈȘȣ ȜȖȕ dzțȞȐțș
Ȋȏȧȓ ȗȖȌ ȘțȒț ǪȖȚȈȕȈ Ȑ ȗȘȖȊȍȓ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȏȈȓ ȋȌȍ Ȓț-
Șȧ ȖȕȐ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȒȈȒ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȓ ȉȈȘȖȕ, Ȍȓȧ «ȕȍȖȉȝȖ-
ȌȐȔȖȋȖ ȔȖȞȐȖȕȈ» ǷȖȚȖȔ ȖȕȐ ȌȖȓȋȖ șȚȖȧȓȐ ț ȖȒȕȈ Ȑ șȔȖȚ-
ȘȍȓȐ ȕȈ ȖȎȐȊȓȍȕȕȖȍ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍ ȕȈ țȓȐȞȍ Ȑ Ȋ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȜȖȕ
dzțȞȐțș ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȊșȒȖȓȤȏȤ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǷȘȖȠȓȣȑ ȘȈȏ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȕȣ ș ȊȈȔȐ ȊȐȌȍȓȐșȤ ȧ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ
ȕȍȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȧșȕȖ ȊȣșȒȈȏȈȓ ȊȈȔ ȖȌȕȖ șȊȖȍ șȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ
ǶȕȖ ȒȈșȈȍȚșȧ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖșȚȐ Ȍȓȧ ȜȐȘȔȣ «ǨȘȚȐȋ Ȑ Ǫȍȑș» țȟ-
ȘȍȌȐȚȤ Ȋ ǷȍȚȍȘȉțȘȋȍ ȒȖȕȚȖȘț ȏȌȍȠȕȍȋȖ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȧ ȜȐȘ-
Ȕȣ DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȧ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦ ȟȚȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ ȐȔȍȚȤ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȗȘȍȌ-
șȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȧ Ȋ ǷȍȚȍȘȉțȘȋȍ ȜȐȘȔȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȊȍȌȍȚ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȓȦ Ȑș-
ȒȓȦȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȐȔȐ ȚȖȊȈȘȈȔȐ ǵȖ ȗȖșȓȍ șȖȊȍȡȈȕȐȧ ș
ȗȖșȓȖȔ Ȕȣ ȗȘȐȠȓȐ Ȓ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȦ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȕȍȖȉ-
ȝȖȌȐȔȖ DzȈȒ Ȍȓȧ ȜȐȘȔȣ ȚȈȒ Ȑ Ȍȓȧ ȗȖșȖȓȤșȚȊȈ ȉțȌȍȚ ȋȖȘȈȏ-
ȌȖ ȗȘȖȡȍ Ȑ ȉȍȏȖȗȈșȕȍȍ ȊȍșȚȐ ȗȍȘȍȗȐșȒț Ȗ ȊȍȡȈȝ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȓȍ-
ȎȈȡȐȝ ȖȋȓȈȠȍȕȐȦ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȚȘȍȚȤȍ ȓȐȞȖ Ȑ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȗȖșȘȍȌȕȐ-
ȒȖȔ ȧ ȉȣ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȐȓ șȍȉȍ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȚȤ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȋȖ ȗȖ-
șȖȓȤșȚȊț șȓțȎȈȡȍȋȖ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ Ȑȏ ȏȌȍȠȕȐȝ ȉȈȕȒȖȊ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕȈ
ǼȘȐȞȈ ǪȐȓȤȉȘȈȕȌȚȈ Ǫșȍ ȟȚȖ ȊȈȔ țȋȖȌȕȖ ȉțȌȍȚ șȖȖȉȡȐȚȤ
ȗȖșȖȓȤșȚȊț ȐșȒȓȦȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȍȓȧ ȍȋȖ șȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ Ȑ Ȍȓȧ ȗȍȘȍȌȈ-
ȟȐ Ȋ ǩȍȘȓȐȕ Ȋȣ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ șȌȍȓȈȍȚȍ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕȈ ǪȐȓȤ-
ȉȘȈȕȌȚȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț Ȕȣ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ ȌȖȊȍȘȧȍȔ DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȘȈșȝȖȌ
ȗȖ șȖȌȍȘȎȈȕȐȦ ȗȍȚȍȘȉțȘȋșȒȖȑ ȒȖȕȚȖȘȣ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȧ
«ǨȘȚȐȋ Ȑ Ǫȍȑș» ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ Ȋ ȓȐȞȍ ȗȖșȖȓȤșȚȊȈ ȗȘȐȔȍȚ
ȕȈ șȍȉȧ
ǪȖȚȈȕ ȔȖȓȟȈ ȗȖȒȓȖȕȐȓșȧ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȍȌ-
ȗȐșȈȕȐȍ ȐșȝȖȌȐȓȖ șȊȣȠȍ ǹȚȈȘȣȑ Ȑ ȝȐȚȘȣȑ ȌȍȓȍȞ șȔțȚȕȖ

73
ȗȖșȚȐȋȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȜȐȘȔȈ Ȋșȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ Ȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȗȖȗȈȌȈȍȚ Ȋ șȍȚȐ
ȗȖȓȐȚȐȒȈȕȖȊ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȓȐȠȤ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȣȑ șȓțȟȈȑ ȔȖȎȍȚ șȗȈșȚȐ
ȍȍ Ȉ ș ȕȍȦ ȊȔȍșȚȍ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ǪȖȚȈȕȈ ȖȚ ȕȍȔȐȕțȍȔȖȑ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȐ
ȍșȓȐ ȔȍșȚȕȣȔ ȊȓȈșȚȧȔ țȌȈșȚșȧ ȗȘȖȕȐȒȕțȚȤ Ȋ ȚȈȑȕȣ ȚȖȘȋȖ-
ȊȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ «ǨȘȚȐȋ Ȑ Ǫȍȑș».
DzȖȋȌȈ ǪȖȚȈȕ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș șȖȊȍȚȕȐȒȖȔ ȗȖșȖȓȤșȚȊȈ ȊȖȠȓȐ Ȋ
ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚ ȗȖșȓȈ ȖȕȐ țȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȌȖȒȚȖȘȈ ǷțȎȍȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ Ȋȣ-
ȚȧȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȊȖ ȊȍșȤ șȊȖȑ ȘȖșȚ ȘȈȏȔȈȝȐȊȈȓ ȘțȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ
ȖȘȈȚȖȘșȚȊȖȊȈȓ Ƕȕ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ
— ǪȖȚ Ȋ ȥȚȖȑ ȏȈȗȐșȕȖȑ ȒȕȐȎȒȍ țșȓȖȊȕȣȔ ȠȘȐȜȚȖȔ ȏȈ-
ȗȐșȈȕȣ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȐ «ǨȘȚȐȋȐ Ȑ Ǫȍȑșȣ», «ǸȖȌȗȍȓȐ», «ǪȐȚȔȈȕ-
ǩȈțȥȘȕȈȔȍȘȣ», «ǬȈȕȋȍȓȐȌȍȘȣ», «ǬȐȔȔȍȕșȣ», «ǴțȒȒȍȘ-
Țȣ» Ȑ ȗȘȖȟȐȍ ȜȐȘȔȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȧȊȓȧȦȚșȧ ȖșȊȍȌȖȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȣ-
ȔȐ ȉȦȘȖ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȖȋȖ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ Ȑ ȍȋȖ șȖȦȏȕȐȒȖȊ ǯȌȍșȤ
ȏȈȗȐșȈȕȖ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ Ȗ ȕȐȝ ȏȕȈȦȚ Ȋ ǩȍȘȓȐȕȍ ȖȞȍȕȒȈ Ȑȝ Ȍȍȧ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȚȖ ȟȍȋȖ ȖȕȐ șȚȖȧȚ ǯȌȍșȤ Ȏȍ ȓȐȠȤ Ȕȕȍ ȐȏȊȍșȚ-
ȕȣȔȐ ȏȕȈȒȈȔȐ ȕȈȏȊȈȕȣ ȕȖȊȣȍ ȈȋȍȕȚȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȐȓȐ ȗȘȖȐȏ-
ȊȖȌȧȚ șȔȖȚȘ șțȡȍșȚȊțȦȡȐȔ ȈȋȍȕȚțȘȈȔ ȐȓȐ șȈȔȐ ȕȍșțȚ ȚȈȑ-
ȕțȦ ȘȈȏȊȍȌȖȟȕțȦ șȓțȎȉț ǪȖȚ ȕȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȚȣȑ ȒȈȗȐ-
ȚȈȕ ǪȖȓȤȜ Ȉ ȊȖȚ
— ǷȖȏȊȖȓȤȚȍ — ȘȈȏȌȈȓșȧ ȊȌȘțȋ ȋȖȓȖș Ȑ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ șȚȖȓȈ ȗȖș-
ȓȈ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ȕȍȏȈȔȍȟȍȕȕȣȑ ȌȖ ȚȖȋȖ ǪȖȚȈȕȖȔ ȗȖȎȐȓȖȑ șț-
Țțȓȣȑ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ Ȋ ȏȖȓȖȚȣȝ ȖȟȒȈȝ — ǷȖȏȊȖȓȤȚȍ Ǫȣ șȒȈȏȈȓȐ
— ǪȖȓȤȜ" DzȈȗȐȚȈȕ ǪȖȓȤȜ" ǴȖȘșȒȖȑ ȐȕȎȍȕȍȘ"
— ǬȈ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ — ȕȍȚȍȘȗȍȓȐȊȖ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ǷțȎȍȕ — ǪȈȔ ȥȚȖ
ȓțȟȠȍ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȚ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ ǪȖȚȈȕ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚșȧ ș ȕȐȔ
Ȋ ȊȍșȤȔȈ Țȍșȕȣȝ șȕȖȠȍȕȐȧȝ
— Ǫȣ — ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ ǪȖȚȈȕ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȧ Ȓ șȚȈȘȐȒț
ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȍȞ — ǷȖȏȊȖȓȤȚȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȤșȧ DzȈȚȚȕȍȘ — ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌ-
ȟȐȒ
Ƕȕ ȖȚȊȍȓ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ǪȖȚȈȕȈ Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȘȈșșȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ Ȗ
ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȍ ǪȖȓȤȜȍ ǪȖȚȈȕț ȗȖȟțȌȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖșȍ DzȈȚȚȕȍȘȈ ȕȍ-
ȕȈȊȐșȚȤ Ȑ ȏȓȖȘȈȌșȚȊȖ Ȓ ǪȖȓȤȜț Ȑ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȍȞ șȘȈȏț șȌȍȓȈȓ-
șȧ ȍȔț șȐȔȗȈȚȐȟȍȕ
Ƕȕ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ ȏȕȈȓ Ȗ ǪȖȓȤȜȍ Ȉ DzȈȚȚȕȍȘ ȗȘȖȠȍȗ-
ȚȈȓ
— ǹȚȘȈȠȕȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ
ǪȖȚȈȕț ȕȍțȌȖȉȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȘȈșșȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȚȤ DzȈȚȚȕȍȘȈ Ȉ ȚȖȚ ȔȖȓ-

74
ȟȈȓ ȕȍ șȒȘȣȊȈȧ șȐȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȧ ȖȝȊȈȚȐȊȠȍȋȖ ȍȋȖ
ǵȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȌȍȕȤ ǪȖȚȈȕ Ȑ ȍȋȖ șȗțȚȕȐȒȐ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȓȐșȤ ȌȈȓȤ-
ȠȍǶȗȧȚȤ ȕȈȟȈȓȐșȤ ȗȖșȍȡȍȕȐȧ Ȑȝ ȊȈȋȖȕȈ ȕȍȔȞȈȔȐ
ǷȖ ȔȍȘȍ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȍȕȐȧ Ȓ ǻȘȈȓț, ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȗȖȧȊȓȧȚȤșȧ ȕȍȔȍȞ-
ȒȐȍ ȒȖȓȖȕȐșȚȣ ȗȖșȍȓȐȊȠȐȍșȧ ȗȖ ǪȖȓȋȍ ȖȕȐ ȚȖȎȍ Ȗ ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ
șȖȊȍȡȈȓȐșȤ ș ǫȐȕȞȍ Ȑ ǷțȎȍȕȖȔ Ȑ ȗȖȓțȟȈȓȐ ȚȈȒȐȍ Ȏȍ ȈȕȖ-
ȕȐȔȕȣȍ ȒȖȕȊȍȘȚȣ Ȑ țȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȗȖȓȕȣȍ șȖȏȕȈ-
ȕȐȧ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȌȖșȚȖȐȕșȚȊȈ
ǵȈ ǻȘȈȓȍ ȗȖȧȊȐȓȐșȤ șȒțȗȡȐȒȐ ȓȍșȈ Ȑ ȋȖȘȕȣȝ ȗȘȍȌȗȘȐȧ-
ȚȐȑ Ȉ ȏȈ ǻȘȈȓȖȔ ȖȚ DzțȘȋȈȕȈ ȌȖ ǶȔșȒȈ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ǫȐȕȞȍ ȍȝȈ-
ȓȐ ȒȘțȗȕȣȍ șȒțȗȡȐȒȐ șȐȉȐȘșȒȖȋȖ ȔȈșȓȈ Ȑ șȖȊȍȡȈȓȐșȤ ȌȖȓ-
ȋȖ Ȑ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȖ
Ǫ ǰȘȒțȚșȒȍ ǫȐȕȞȍ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ ȐȏȔȍȕȐȓ șȊȖȍ ȘȍȠȍȕȐȍ
Ȑ ȖȉȢȧȊȐȓ ǪȖȚȈȕț ȟȚȖ ȖșȚȈȍȚșȧ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ǷțȎȍȕȖȔ Ȋ ȥȚȖȑ
«ȊȖșȚȖȟȕȖȑ șȚȖȓȐȞȍ» ǹȐȉȐȘȐ Ȑ ȓȐȠȤ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȕȍȑ
ȗȘȖȍȌȍȚ Ȋ ǴȈȕȟȎțȘȐȦ
ǬȈȓȤȠȍ ǪȖȚȈȕ ȍȝȈȓ ȖȌȐȕ Ǫ ǽȈȘȉȐȕȍ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȕȧȓ șȊȖȍȋȖ
ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȧ Ȉ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȒȖȕșțȓȈ ǴȦȓȓȍȘȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ șȖȖȉȡȐ-
ȓȐ ȍȔț ȟȚȖ ȧȗȖȕȞȣ ȥȕȍȘȋȐȟȕȖ ȋȖȚȖȊȧȚșȧ Ȓ ȊȖȑȕȍ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ț ȕȐȝ
Ȋșȍ țȎȍ ȋȖȚȖȊȖ ȝȖȚȧ ȕȐȒȚȖ ș ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȍ-
ȊȈȍȚ ȌȈȎȍ Ȗ ȉȓȐȏȧȡȍȔșȧ Ȍȕȍ ȊȖȑȕȣ
XIII
ǯȐȔȈ ȚȖȋȖ ȋȖȌȈ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȈ șțȘȖȊȖȑ ǪȣȗȈȓȐ ȋȓțȉȖȒȐȍ șȕȍ-
ȋȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȖȒȘȣȓȐ ȊȍȘȝțȠȒȐ ȖȚȘȖȋȖȊ ǹȐȝȖȚȥ-ǨȓȐȕȧ Ȑ ȓȍ-
ȎȈȓȐ ȉȍȓȣȔȐ ȗȧȚȕȈȔȐ Ȋ ȖȊȘȈȋȈȝ ǻșșțȘȐȑșȒȐȝ șȚȍȗȍȑ ǴȖ-
ȘȖȏȣ șȚȖȧȓȐ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ ȕȖ ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȥȚȖ Ȋ ȘȍȒȈȝ Ȑ ȕȈ
ȋȖȘȈȝ șȕȍȋ ȕȍ șȝȖȌȐȓ ȊșȦ ȏȐȔț Ȑ Ȋ ȚȈȑȋȍ ȗȘȖȔȣșȓȖȊȣȔ ȖȝȖȚ-
ȕȐȒȈȔ ȉȣȓȖ ȘȈȏȌȖȓȤȍ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ șȓȍȌ ȏȊȍȘȧ ȓȍȋȒȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȈȝȖ-
ȌȐȚȤ Ǫ ȥȚȖȚ ȋȖȌ ǻșșțȘȐȑșȒȈȧ ȚȈȑȋȈ Ȑ ȋȖȘȕȣȍ ȌȖȓȐȕȣ ȒȐȠ-
Ȕȧ ȒȐȠȍȓȐ ȞȍȓȣȔȐ ȈȘȚȍȓȧȔȐ ȗȘȖȔȣșȓȖȊȣȝ ȖȝȖȚȕȐȒȖȊ
ǪȍȘȕțȊȠȐȑșȧ Ȋ ȕȈȟȈȓȍ ȌȍȒȈȉȘȧ ȌȖȔȖȑ ǪȖȚȈȕ ȕȍ ȏȈșȚȈȓ
ǪȖȓȤȜȈ ǭȔț șȒȈȏȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ ǪȖȓȤȜ ȎȐȊȍȚ țȎȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȕȍȑ
Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌȍ ȕȖ șȍȑȟȈș ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚșȧ ȕȈ ȖȝȖȚȍ

75
ǯȈ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȖȚșțȚșȚȊȐȧ ǪȖȚȈȕȈ Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȐ ȕȍȔȈ-
ȓȖȊȈȎȕȣȍ șȖȉȣȚȐȧ ȐȔȍȊȠȐȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȍ ȊȓȐȧȕȐȍ ȕȈ ȗȖșȓȍȌțȦ-
ȡȐȍ ȌȍȓȈ
DzȖȋȌȈ ǪȖȓȤȜ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ǹȈȓȐșȖȔ ȀȊȈȉȍ ȗȘȐȉȣȓȐ Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌ
ȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȏȈȍȝȈȓȐ Ȋ ȌȖȔ șȚȈȘȠȍȋȖ ȀȊȈȉȍ ȐșȗȖȓ-
ȕȧȊȠȍȋȖ ȌȖȓȎȕȖșȚȤ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȖȋȖ ȒȖȔȔȍȘȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȈȋȍȕȚȈ Ȑ
ȎȐȊȠȍȋȖ țȍȌȐȕȍȕȕȖ ȕȈ ȖȌȕȖȑ Ȑȏ ȉȖȒȖȊȣȝ țȓȐȞ ȊȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȧȘț-
șȈ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ DzȖȋȌȈ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ Ȑ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ǹȈȓȐș ȀȊȈȉȍ ȘȈșșȒȈ-
ȏȈȓȐ șȚȈȘȠȍȔț ȉȘȈȚț Ȗ șȊȖȐȝ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȧȝ ȚȖȚ Ȋ ȘȈȏȌȘȈ-
ȎȍȕȐȐ ȊșȚȈȓ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— Ǫȣ ȕȍ ȏȈȉȣȊȈȑȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȤ ǪȍȓȐȒȖȉȘȐȚȈ-
ȕȐȐ Ȑ ȟȚȖ Ȕȕȍ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȚȤ țȟȈșȚȐȍ Ȋ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȧȊȕȖ
ȠȗȐȖȕșȒȖȑ ȌȍȧȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ȇ șȟȐȚȈȦ ȕȍțȌȖȉȕȣȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȔȖȑ
ȉȘȈȚ șȖșȚȖȧȡȐȑ ȈȋȍȕȚȖȔ șȚȘȈȕȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȕȍ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ-ȏȈȊȚ-
ȘȈ ȕȈȟȕȍȚ ȊȖȑȕț ș ǸȖșșȐȍȑ ȎȐȓ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȔ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ ȌȖȔȍ
ǹ ȥȚȖȋȖ Ȍȕȧ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ǹȈȓȐș ȀȊȈȉȍ ȕȈȕȧȓ Ȍȓȧ șȍȉȧ ȕȍ-
ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȖșȖȉȕȧȒ ȕȍȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȖȚ ȧȗȖȕșȒȖȋȖ ȒȊȈȘȚȈȓȈ Ȑ ȗȖșȍ-
ȓȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȕȍȔ Ȉ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȕȐȔ ȗȖșȍȓȐȓșȧ Ȑ ǵȖȝȊȐȞȒȐȑ ȖȟȍȕȤ
ȖȉȘȈȌȖȊȈȊȠȐȑșȧ ȗȘȐȍȏȌț ȖȉȖȐȝ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȝ Ƕȕ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȉȣșȚ-
ȘȖ ȗȖȌȘțȎȐȓșȧ ș ȕȐȔȐ Ȑ ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȐȓșȧ șȖ
ȊșȍȔ ȋȖȘȖȌȖȔ dzȖȊȒȐȑ ȖȚȓȐȟȕȖ ȊȖșȗȐȚȈȕȕȣȑ ǵȖȝȊȐȞȒȐȑ
șȒȖȘȖ ȊȖȠȍȓ Ȋ șȈȔȣȍ ȊȓȐȧȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȌȖȔȈ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ ȋȌȍ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȐ-
ȋȓȈȠȈȓȐ ȌȈȊȈȚȤ țȘȖȒȐ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȖȋȖ Ȑ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȖȋȖ ȧȏȣȒȖȊ,
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ Ȗȕ Ȋ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕșȚȊȍ ȊȓȈȌȍȓ
Ǫ ȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ ǵȖȝȊȐȞȒȐȑ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȓșȧ ȗȘȍȗȖȌȈȊȈ-
ȚȍȓȤșȒȖȑ ȌȍȧȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤȦ Ȗȕ ȎȐȓ ș ǹȈȓȐșȖȔ ȀȊȈȉȍ ȝȖȏȧȑ-
ȕȐȟȈȧ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȝȖȓȖșȚȖȑ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘȍ ȒțȌȈ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȉȍșȞȍȘȍȔȖȕ-
ȕȖ ȗȘȐȋȓȈȠȈȓ Ȟȍȓȣȍ ȚȖȓȗȣ ȧȗȖȕșȒȐȝ ȋȍȑȠ ȎȐȊȠȐȝ Ȋ ȔȈ-
ȓȍȕȤȒȐȝ șȓȖȊȕȖ Ȑȏ ȒȈȘȚȖȕȈ șȌȍȓȈȕȕȣȝ ȌȖȔȐȒȈȝ ȚȧȕțȊȠȐȝ-
șȧ ȗȖ ȖȉȍȐȔ șȚȖȘȖȕȈȔ ȚȈȒ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȔȖȑ ȇȗȖȕșȒȖȑ țȓȐȞȣ
Ƕȕ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ș ȕȐȔȐ ȕȈ Ȑȝ ȡȍȉȍȟțȡȍȔ Ȑ ȊȖȘȒțȦȡȍȔ ȋȖȊȖȘȍ
Ȑ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȊȍșȍȓȖ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȓ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȖȒȈ ȔȓȈȌȠȐȑ ǹȈȓȐș ȀȊȈ-
ȉȍ Ȑ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ǪȖȓȤȜ țȍȏȎȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȖȝȖȚț
Ǩ ȖȉȈ ȌȘțȋȈ ȏȈȝȊȈȚȐȊ ș șȖȉȖȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȏȈȗȈș ȗȈȚȘȖȕȖȊ Ȑ
șȊȖȐȝ șȖȉȈȒ țȍȏȎȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȔȈȕȟȎțȘșȒțȦ ȋȘȈȕȐȞț ȋȌȍ șȘȍȌȐ
ȕȍȖȉȖȏȘȐȔȣȝ ȗȖȓȍȑ Ȑ șȚȍȗȕȣȝ ȏȈȘȖșȓȍȑ ȌțȉȕȧȒȈ ȖȝȖȚȐ-
ȓȐșȤ ȏȈ ȜȈȏȈȕȈȔȐ ǶȕȐ ȖșȚȈȕȈȊȓȐȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȖȌȐ-
ȕȖȒȖȑ ȜȈȕȏȍ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȖȍ șȍȔȍȑșȚȊȖ ȘȈȏȊȖȌȐ-

76
ȓȖ ȝȓȍȉ Ȑ ȖȊȖȡȐ ȕȈ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ ȒȊȈȌȘȈȚȕȣȝ
șȈȎȍȕȍȑ Ȟȍȓȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȒȖȗȖȠȈșȤ ȕȈ ȈȒȒțȘȈȚȕȖ Ȑ ȚȡȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ
ȘȈȏȌȍȓȈȕȕȣȝ ȋȘȧȌȒȈȝ Ȉ Ȋ ȏȐȔȕȍȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȋ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȔ șȈȘȈȍ,
ȒȘȣȚȖȔ ȋȈȖȓȧȕȖȔ ȌȍȓȈȓȐ Ȑȏ ȊȧȏȒȖȑ ȋȓȐȕȣ ȒȐȘȗȐȟȐ Ȑ ȊȖȏȐ-
ȓȐ Ȑȝ ȕȈ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȖȌȖȘȖȎȕțȦ șȚȈȕȞȐȦ
ǯȌȍșȤ Ȋ ȖȌȐȕȖȒȖȑ ȜȈȕȏȍ, ȕȈ ȚȍȗȓȖȔ ȒȈȕȍ, ǪȖȓȤȜ Ȑ ȀȊȈ-
ȉȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȖȟȍȊȈȓȐ Ǿȍȓȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȌȖ ȗȖȏȌȕȍȋȖ ȊȍȟȍȘȈ ȉȘȖ-
ȌȐȓȐ ȖȕȐ ȗȖ ȗȖȓȧȔ Ȑ șȚȘȍȓȧȓȐ ȜȈȏȈȕȖȊ ǰȝ ȔȍȠȒȐ ȉȣȓȐ
ȗȍȘȍȗȖȓȕȍȕȣ ȥȚȐȔȐ ȒȘȈșȐȊȣȔȐ șȊȍȘȒȈȦȡȐȔȐ ȕȈ șȖȓȕȞȍ
ȊșȍȔȐ ȞȊȍȚȈȔȐ ȘȈȌțȋȐ ȗȚȐȞȈȔȐ ǻȚȖȔȐȊȠȐșȤ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȌȖ ȗȖȓ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȉȍșșȐȓȐȧ ȖȕȐ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȓȍȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȜȈȕȏț Ȑ ȕȈșȒȖȘȖ ȗȖ-
țȎȐȕȈȊ ȓȖȎȐȓȐșȤ șȗȈȚȤ ǭșȓȐ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȗȖșȚȖȘȖȕȕȐȑ
ȏȘȐȚȍȓȤ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȓ ȉȣ ȏȈ ȖȉȖȐȔȐ ȖȝȖȚȕȐȒȈȔȐ ȚȖ Ȗȕ ȒȖȕȍȟ-
ȕȖ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȉȣ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȎȌțȚ ȟȍȋȖ-ȚȖ Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȚ șȒțȒȐ ȘȈȏ-
ȊȓȍȒȈȦȚșȧ ȖȝȖȚȖȑ
ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȗȘȖȠȓȖ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȕȍȌȍȓȐ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȟȍȔ ȗȖ ȌȖȓȐȕȍ
ȘȍȟȒȐ ǻȠȖȋȖț ȕȈȟȈȓ ȗȖȌȣȔȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȋȖȘț ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȖȚȘȧȌ
ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȝ ȊșȈȌȕȐȒȖȊ ǪȗȍȘȍȌȐ ȍȝȈȓ Ǵȣȑ-dzȐ Ƕȕ ȊȕȐȔȈ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȖșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȓșȧ ȗȖ șȚȖȘȖȕȈȔ Ȑ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȊ șȚȖȧȡțȦ Ȋ șȚȖ-
ȘȖȕȍ ȗȖȒȐȕțȚțȦ Ȑ ȗȖȓțȘȈȏȘțȠȍȕȕțȦ ȒțȔȐȘȕȦ ȒȈȒțȦ ȖȉȣȒ-
ȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ șȚȘȖȧȚ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȍ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȍ ȊȉȓȐȏȐ ȖȚ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȎȐȓȤȧ
Ȗȕ ȗȖȌȢȍȝȈȓ Ȑ ȏȌȍșȤ ȗȖȌ ȋȓȐȕȧȕȖȑ ȟȈȠȍȟȒȖȑ ș ȖșȚȈȚȒȈȔȐ
șȋȕȐȊȠȍȑ ȟțȔȐȏȣ ȕȈȠȍȓ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȏȈȗȐșȒț ǷȘȖȟȐȚȈȊ
ȍȍ Ȗȕ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓ ȊȍșȤ ȖȚȘȧȌ Ȓ Ȧȋț Ȑ ȘȣșȤȦ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȗȍȘȍșȍȒȈȚȤ
șȚȍȗȤ Dz ȊȍȟȍȘț Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ țȎȍ ȊȔȍșȚȍ șȖ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȊșȈȌȕȐȒȈȔȐ ț
ȜȈȕȏȣ ȋȌȍ țșȚȘȖȐȓȐ șȊȖȑ ȓȈȋȍȘȤ ǪȖȓȤȜ Ȑ ǹȈȓȐș ȀȊȈȉȍ
ǯȌȍșȤ șȖșȚȖȧȓȖșȤ șȖȊȍȡȈȕȐȍ ȔȍȎȌț ȖȉȖȐȔȐ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑȞȈ-
ȔȐ Ȑ Ǵȣȑ-dzȐ ȗȘȐȊȍȌȠȐȔ ș șȖȉȖȑ ȊȖȎȌȍȑ ȝțȕȝțȏșȒȐȝ
ȠȈȍȒ ǶȕȐ șȖȊȍȡȈȓȐșȤ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȒȈȒ țșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȤ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣ-
șȚȘȖȍ șȖȖȉȡȍȕȐȍ Ȍȓȧ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȟȐ ȊșȧȒȖȋȖ ȘȖȌȈ ȐȏȊȍșȚȐȑ ȖȚ ȖȌ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȗȖșȍȓȒȈ ȌȖ ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ ȖȚ ȋȘȈȕȐȞȣ ȌȖ Ǽȣȕ-ǽțȈȕ-ǿȍȕȈ Ȑ
dzȧȖȌțȕȈ
ǷȖșȓȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ șȖȊȍȡȈȕȐȧ, Ȋ Țț Ȏȍ ȕȖȟȤ ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ țșȚȈ-
ȓȖșȚȤ ǪȖȓȤȜ ș ȔȖȓȖȌȣȔ ǹȈȓȐșȖȔ ȀȊȈȉȍ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓȐșȤ ȌȖȔȖȑ.
ǪșȚȘȍȟȈ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ ș ǪȖȚȈȕȖȔ ȉȣȓȈ ȖȟȍȕȤ șȍȘȌȍȟȕȈȧ Ȑ șȚȈ-
ȘȐȒ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ țșȗȖȒȖȐȓșȧ
Ƕȕ ȗȘȐȋȓȈșȐȓ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȌȍȕȤ Ȓ șȍȉȍ ǪȖȓȤȜȈ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȓ Ȋșȍ
ȚȖ ȟȚȖ șȓȣȠȈȓ Ȑ ȊȐȌȍȓ Ȋ ǩȍȘȓȐȕȍ ǪȖȓȤȜ ș ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȖȔ

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șȓțȠȈȓ Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ țȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ ǪȖȚȈȕ ȗȘȐȊȍȏ ș șȖȉȖȑ ȚȈȑȕȖȍ
ȗȘȍȌȗȐșȈȕȐȍ Ȑ ȠȐȜȘ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȖȋȖ ȊȖȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȔȐȕȐșȚȍȘșȚȊȈ
ȗȖȗȘȖșȐȓ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ ǶȕȐ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ǪȖȚȈȕȖȔ șȔȣȓȐ ȕȈȗȐ-
șȈȕȕȖȍ Ȑ șȚȈȓȐ șțȠȐȚȤ ȉțȔȈȋț ȗȍȘȍȌ ȋȖȘȧȡȐȔ ȒȈȔȐȕȖȔ
ǷȍȘȊȖȑ ȗȖȧȊȐȓȈșȤ șȚȘȖȟȒȈ «ǺȈȑȕȣȑ ȠȘȐȜȚ D. ǭ Ǩ» Ȉ
ȏȈȚȍȔ ȖȌȕȈ ȏȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȍȡȍ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ șȚȘȖȟȒȐ
ǶȉȈ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȐȏțȟȈȓȐ ȥȚȖȚ ȠȐȜȘ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȐȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȕȍ-
șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȏ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȘȈȏ ȗȐșȈȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȒȓȖȟȒȈȝ ȉțȔȈȋȐ Ȉ ȏȈ-
ȚȍȔ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȉȘȖșȐȓȐ Ȋ ȒȈȔȐȕ Ȑ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȋȖȊȖ-
ȘȐȚȤ Ȗ ȌȍȓȈȝ ȗȖșȚȖȘȖȕȕȐȝ Ȗ ȏȈȒȈȏȈȝ ȜȐȘȔȣ Ȗ ȋȖȘȖȌșȒȐȝ
ȕȖȊȖșȚȧȝ Ȗȉ ȖȝȖȚȍ Ȑ Ȗ ȌȖȘȖȎȕȣȝ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȧȝ
ǷȘȈȏȌȕȐȒȐ ǸȖȎȌȍșȚȊȈ ǽȘȐșȚȖȊȈ Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌȍ ȗȘȖȠȓȐ Ȋ ȚȖȚ
ȋȖȌ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȕȍȏȈȔȍȚȕȖ
ǷȖ ȉȍȘȍȋȈȔ ǺȐȝȖȋȖ ȖȒȍȈȕȈ țȎȍ ȊȍȧȓȈ ȒȘȖȊȈȊȣȔȐ ȒȘȣ-
ȓȈȔȐ ȊȖȍȕȕȈȧ ȚȘȍȊȖȋȈ
ǵȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ ȖȚȒțȌȈ ȐȌțȚ ȏȓȖȊȍȡȐȍ ȊȍșȚȐ ȒȚȖ ȘȈș-
ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕȧȍȚ ȚȈȒȐȍ țȗȖȘȕȣȍ Ȑ Ȋ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȌȖșȚȖȊȍȘȕȣȍ
șȓțȝȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȠȓȐ ȊȗȍȘȍȌȐ șȖȉȣȚȐȑ Ȑ Ȗ ȟȍȔ țȏȕȈȊȈȓȐ ȓȐȠȤ
ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȕȍȑ șȗțșȚȧ
ǸȈșȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕȐȓȈșȤ ȊȍșȚȤ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȊșȚȘȍȟț ȥșȒȈȌȘȍ ȈȌ-
ȔȐȘȈȓȈ ǸȍȑȞȍȕȠȚȍȑȕȈ ȠȍȌȠȍȑ Ȑȏ ǷȖȘȚ-ǨȘȚțȘȈ ȊȖ ǪȓȈȌȐ-
ȊȖșȚȖȒ ȗȖȗȈȓȈșȤ ȧȗȖȕșȒȈȧ ȥșȒȈȌȘȈ ǩȣșȚȘȈȧ ȗȍȘȍȋȘțȗȗȐ-
ȘȖȊȒȈ ȧȗȖȕșȒȐȝ ȉȘȖȕȍȕȖșȞȍȊ țșȐȓȍȕȕȖȍ șȐȋȕȈȓȐȏȐȘȖȊȈ-
ȕȐȍ Ȑ ȚȖȚ ȉȖȍȊȖȑ ȗȖȘȧȌȖȒ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȗȍȘȍșȚȘȖȐȓȐșȤ ȧȗȖȕ-
șȒȐȍ șțȌȈ țȉȍȌȐȓȐ ȒȖȔȈȕȌț ȘțșșȒȐȝ ȒȘȍȑșȍȘȖȊ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ
ȧȗȖȕȞȣ ȋȖȚȖȊȧȚ ȕȈ ȕȐȝ ȕȈȗȈȌȍȕȐȍ ǽȖȚȧ ȖȚ ȕȈȔȍșȚȕȐȒȈ ȕȍ
ȉȣȓȖ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȝ ȘȈșȗȖȘȧȎȍȕȐȑ Ȑ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȝ șȊȍȌȍȕȐȑ ȗȖ ȥȚȖȔț
ȗȖȊȖȌț ȈȌȔȐȘȈȓ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȓ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȐȚȤ ȖȘțȌȐȧ Ȑ ȗȘȐ ȗȍȘ-
ȊȖȔ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȍ ȗȘȐȕȧȚȤ ȉȖȑ ǸțșșȒȐȍ ȒȘȍȑșȍȘȈ ȠȓȐ ȖȎȐȌȈȧ
ȕȈȗȈȌȍȕȐȧ ȧȗȖȕȞȍȊ ǵȖ ȥșȒȈȌȘȈ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓȈ ȕȈ ȌȘț-
ȋȖȑ ȒțȘș Ȑ țȌȈȓȐȓȈșȤ Ȓ Ȧȋț
Ƕȉ ȥȚȖȔ Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌȍ țȏȕȈȓȐ Ȋ ȚȖȚ Ȏȍ ȌȍȕȤ ȝȖȚȧ ȖȜȐȞȐȈȓȤ-
ȕȖȍ Ȑ șȍȒȘȍȚȕȖȍ ȌȖȕȍșȍȕȐȍ Ȗ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȔ Ȑ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȔ
ȗȖȊȍȌȍȕȐȐ ȧȗȖȕȞȍȊ ȈȌȔȐȘȈȓ ȔȖȋ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȓȐȠȤ ȟȍȘȍȏ  ȟȈ-
șȈ ǺȈȒȐȍ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȕȣȍ ȊȍșȚȐ ȕȈȘțȠȈȓȐ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȍ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ
ȎȐȏȕȐ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ Ȑ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȧȡȐȍ Ȑȏ ȇȗȖȕȐȐ șȖȖȉȡȍȕȐȧ Ȗ ȉȖȍ-
Ȋȣȝ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȓȍȕȐȧȝ ȏȈșȚȈȊȓȧȓȐ ȌțȔȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȝȖȚȧ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ

78
ȕȐȒȈȒȐȝ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȝ ȠȐȘȖȒȖȑ ȗțȉȓȐȒȍ ȗȘȐȟȐȕ ȕȖ ȊȖȑȕȈ ȒȈ-
ȏȈȓȈșȤ ȕȍȐȏȉȍȎȕȖȑ
ǷȘȖȠȍȓ ǵȖȊȣȑ ǫȖȌ ȅșȒȈȌȘȈ ȈȌȔȐȘȈȓȈ ǸȍȑȞȍȕȠȚȍȑȕȈ țȠ-
ȓȈ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖ Ȑ ȕȈ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȓțȝȐ Ȗ ȊȖȑȕȍ ȗȘȍȒȘȈ-
ȚȐȓȐșȤ ǵȈȟȈȊȠȐȍ ȉȣȓȖ țȍȏȎȈȚȤ Ȑȏ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ ȧȗȖȕȞȣ șȕȖȊȈ
ȊȖȏȊȘȈȚȐȓȐșȤ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȉȣȓȐ țȉȍȎȌȍȕȣ ȟȚȖ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȍ ȚȘȍ-
ȕȐȧ ȉȣȊȠȐȍ ȔȍȎȌț ǸȖșșȐȍȑ Ȑ ȇȗȖȕȐȍȑ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț țȓȍȋ-
ȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋȈȝ ǺȐȝȖȋȖ ȖȒȍȈȕȈ ȊȖȑȕȍ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȈȏ ȕȍ
șțȎȌȍȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȘȈȏȣȋȘȈȚȤșȧ
XIV
 ȇȕȊȈȘȧ  ȋȖȌȈ Ȋ ȌȖȔȍ ǪȖȚȈȕȈ ȉȣȓ șȍȔȍȑȕȣȑ ȗȘȈ-
ȏȌȕȐȒ Ǫ ȉȖȋȈȚȖ țȉȘȈȕȕȣȝ ȘȍȌȟȈȑȠȐȔȐ ȧȗȖȕșȒȐȔȐ Ȑ ȒȐȚȈȑ-
șȒȐȔȐ ȊȍȡȈȔȐ Ȑ șȚȈȘȐȕȕȖȑ Ȑȏ ȟȍȘȕȖȋȖ ȌȍȘȍȊȈ ȔȍȉȍȓȤȦ
ȒȖȔȕȈȚȈȝ șȖȉȘȈȓȖșȤ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȋȖșȚȍȑ DzȘȖȔȍ șȓțȎȈȡȐȝ ȚȖȘȋȖ-
ȊȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ Ȉ ȚȈȒȎȍ țȗȘȈȊȓȧȦȡȐȝ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȝ ȜȐȘȔ
ȘȈȉȖȚȈȦȡȐȝ ȕȈ ǬȈȓȤȕȍȔ ǪȖșȚȖȒȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȓȐȞ ȔȍșȚȕȖȑ
ȈȌȔȐȕȐșȚȘȈȞȐȐ ǴȖȓȖȌȍȎȤ ȚȈȕȞȍȊȈȓȈ Ȑ țșȐȓȍȕȕȖ ȜȓȐȘȚȖ-
ȊȈȓȈ ȟȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ Ȋ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȔȖȌȍ ȕȈ ȘțșșȒȖȑ ȖȒȘȈȐȕȍ ȏȈȘȈȎȍȕ-
ȕȖȑ ȥȚȐȔ ȕȍȌțȋȖȔ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȖȋȖ ȊȍȒȈ ȖȚ ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕȕȣȝ ȗȘȐ-
ȠȍȓȤȞȍȊ ȐșȒțșȐȊȠȐȝșȧ țȎȍ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȘȍȉȣȊȈȕȐȧ
șȊȖȍȋȖ Ȋ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐȝ Ȑ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȐȝ ȒȖȓȖȕȐȧȝ Ȋ DzȐȚȈȍ Ȑ ǰȕ-
ȌȐȐǹȚȈȘȐȒȐ ȐȋȘȈȓȐ Ȋ ȒȈȘȚȣ Ȉ ȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȐȋȘȈȓ Ȑ ȕȍ ȚȈȕȞȍȊȈȓ
ȚȖȚ Ȋ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚȍ ȝȖȏȧȐȕȈ ȘȈșșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȓ ȘȍȌȒȐȍ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȍ Ȑ
ȧȗȖȕșȒȐȍ ȈȓȤȉȖȔȣ ȒȖȓȓȍȒȞȐȦ ȊȈȏ «șloisonné» ȖȚȕȖșȧȡȐȝ-
șȧ Ȓ ȕȈȟȈȓț ǽI9 șȚȖȓȍȚȐȧ Ȑ ȌȘȍȊȕȐȍ ȘțȒȖȗȐșȐ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȝ
ȉȖȕȏ ǬȈȔȣ ȓȦȉȖȊȈȓȐșȤ ȘȍȌȒȐȔȐ ȊȣȠȐȊȒȈȔȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ș
ȓȦȉȖȊȤȦ șȖȉȐȘȈȓ ǪȖȚȈȕ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȏȕȈȚȖȒ Ȑ ȞȍȕȐȚȍȓȤ ȥȚȖȋȖ
ȘȖȌȈ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȈ ȉțȌȌȐȑșȒȖȋȖ ǪȖșȚȖȒȈ
ǪȍșȍȓȧȡȐȑ Ȋșȍ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȍ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȖ ǪȖȓȤȜ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ
ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ șȔȍȠȕȖȑ ȈȕȍȒȌȖȚ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ ȉȖȑ-ȓȈ-
Ȓȍȑ Ȑ Ƞȍȗȕțȓ ȍȔț ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȕȈ țȝȖ ǪȖȓȤȜ ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȒȐ-
ȕțȓ ȏȈȓ

79
Ƕȕ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȐȕțȚ ǪȐȌ ȍȋȖ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȓ
ȕȈ șȍȉȧ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ǪȖȓȤȜ ȗȖȉȓȍȌȕȍȓ Ȉ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȍȋȖ ȋȖȘȍȓȐ ȕȍ-
ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȣȔȢ ȉȓȍșȒȖȔ Ƕȕ ȚȧȎȍȓȖ ȌȣȠȈȓ Ȑ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ
ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍșȚȐ ȕȐ șȓȖȊȈ ȝȖȚȧ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȖȉȘȈȡȈȓȐșȤ ȌȈȔȣ ȏȈșȣ-
ȗȈȧ ȍȋȖ ȊȖȗȘȖșȈȔȐ
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ Ȗȕ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ țșȗȖȒȖȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȕȍȉȘȍȎȕȖ ȉȘȖșȐȓ
— ȇ ȌțȔȈȦ ȋȖșȗȖȌȈ ȟȚȖ ȕȈ ȥȚȐȝ Ȍȕȧȝ ȊșȗȣȝȕȍȚ ȊȖȑȕȈ
Ǵȕȍ șȖȖȉȡȐȓ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȐȍȝȈȊȠȐȑ Ȑȏ DzȐȚȈȧ ȒȖȔ-
ȔȐȊȖȧȎȍȘ
ǶȗȧȚȤ ȕȈȓȍȚȍȓȈ ȚȈ ȚȧȎȍȓȈȧ ȊȖȓȕțȦȡȈȧ ȚȘȍȊȖȋȈ ȒȖȚȖ-
ȘȈȧ ȊȓȈȌȍȓȈ ȊșȍȔȐ ȕȈ ǬȈȓȤȕȍȔ ǪȖșȚȖȒȍ Ȋ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȌȖȓȋȐȝ
ȔȍșȧȞȍȊ ǺȘȍȊȖȋȈ ȕȍȖȉȢȧșȕȐȔȈȧ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȧȡȈȧ ȕȍȊȍȌȖȔȖ ȖȚ-
ȒțȌȈ Ȑ ȐȌțȡȈȧ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȔȐ ȗțȚȧȔȐ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȦȡȈȧ
ȕȐ ȗȘȐȟȐȕ ȕȐ ȖȉȢȧșȕȍȕȐȑ
Ǩ ǪȖȓȤȜ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȘȖȠȍȓ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ȋȌȍ ȐȋȘȈȓȐ Ȋ ȒȈȘȚȣ
Ȑ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ ȒȈȠȓȧȕțȓ
ǺȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ, șȓȖȊȕȖ ȗȖ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȍ, ȖȚ șȚȖȓȖȊ ȊșȚȈȓȐ ǪȖȚȈȕ
ǹȈȓȐș ȀȊȈȉȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȤ ȜȐȘȔȣ «ǸȖȌȗȍȓȤ» Ȑ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ șȚȈȘȠȐȝ șȓțȎȈȡȐȝ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ «ǨȘȚȐȋ Ȑ Ǫȍȑș» Ȑ Ȋȣ-
ȠȓȐ Ȋ șȖșȍȌȕȦȦ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț
ǵȍ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȧ ȕȈ șȍȉȧ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ ǪȖȓȤȜ ȕȍȉȘȍȎȕȖ ȏȈȒț-
ȘȐȓ șȐȋȈȘț Ȑ ȗȖșȓȍȌȖȊȈȓ ȏȈ ȕȐȔȐ Ƕȕ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȋȘțȗȗȍ ȎȌț-
ȡȍȑ ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȖȚȟȍȒȈȕȐȊȈȧ ȒȈȎȌȖȍ șȓȖȊȖ ȊȕȧȚȕȖ ȗȘȖȠȍȗȚȈȓ
— ǹȍȋȖȌȕȧ Ȋ ȠȍșȚȤ ȟȈșȖȊ ȊȍȟȍȘȈ ȈȌȔȐȘȈȓ ǻȘȐț ș ȖȚȘȧ-
ȌȖȔ ȔȐȕȖȕȖșȞȍȊ ȗȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ǷȖȘȚ-ǨȘȚțȘț  ȧȕȊȈȘȧ Ȗȕ ȕȈȗȈ-
ȌȍȚ ȕȈ ȘțșșȒȐȍ șțȌȈ șȚȖȧȡȐȍ ȕȈ ȘȍȑȌȍ ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ
ȖȉȢȧȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȊȖȑȕȣ ȕȍ ȗȖșȓȍȌȖȊȈȓȖ
 ȧȕȊȈȘȧ ȒȘȖȊȈȊȖȋȖ  ȋȖȌȈ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȤșȒȐȍ ȔȐȕȖ-
ȕȖșȞȣ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ ȕȈȗȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȘțșșȒȐȍ șțȌȈ șȚȖȧȊȠȐȍ ȕȈ
ȘȍȑȌȍ ǷȖȘȚ-ǨȘȚțȘșȒȖȑ ȒȘȍȗȖșȚȐ
ǹȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ ǪȖȓȤȜȈ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȖȋȖ ȜȓȖȚȈ Ȑ ȏȈȊȍ-
ȌțȦȡȖȋȖ ȚȍȝȕȐȟȍșȒȐȔ ȖȚȌȍȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȜȐȘȔȣ «ǨȘȚȐȋ Ȑ Ǫȍȑș»,
ȉȣȓȐ ȚȖȟȕȣ Ȑ ȕȍ ȕțȎȌȈȓȐșȤ ȕȐ Ȋ ȒȈȒȐȝ ȌȖȗȖȓȕȍȕȐȧȝ
ǪȖȓȤȜ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȌȖȔȍ ǪȖȚȈȕȈ ȌȖ Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ ȗȖȒȈ Ȋșȍ ȋȖ-
șȚȐ ȕȍ ȘȈȏȖȠȓȐșȤ ǷȖșȓȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ Ȗȕ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȝȖȏȧȐȕȖȔ ȊȖȠȍȓ
Ȋ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚ Ȑ ȊȣȕțȊ Ȑȏ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȈ ȒȕȐȎȒț ș ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜȕȣȔȐ ȉȓȈȕ-
ȒȈȔȐ ȕȈȗȐșȈȓ
«ǷȍȒȐȕ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȖȍ ȗȖșȖȓȤșȚȊȖ ǪȣșȣȓȈȍȔȣȑ ȊȈȔ ȋȘțȏ

80
Ȋ ȒȖȓȐȟȍșȚȊȍ ȌȊțȝ ȔȈȠȐȕ șȚȖȐȚ Ȋ ȗȖȘȚț ǶȚȗȘȈȊȒȈ ȕȍȐȏȊȍ-
șȚȕȈ ǹȊȖȍȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ șȖȖȉȡȐȔ ǨȘȚȐȋ Ȑ Ǫȍȑș».
— ǷȍȘȊȖȍ ȗȘȐȔȍȕȍȕȐȍ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȠȐȜȘȈ — ȏȈșȔȍȧȓșȧ
ǪȖȓȤȜ
— Ǭȓȧ ȟȍȋȖ ȊȈȔ ȗȖȕȈȌȖȉȐȓȖșȤ ȗȘȖȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȥȚȖ ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ Ȋ
ȔȖȍȔ ȌȖȔȍ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ǪȖȚȈȕ ș ȖȗȈșȍȕȐȍȔ Ȑ ȕȍșȒȘȣȊȈȍȔȖȑ
ȏȓȖȉȖȑ șȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ
— ǶȟȍȕȤ ȗȘȖșȚȖ — ȖȗȧȚȤ ȏȈșȔȍȧȓșȧ ǪȖȓȤȜ — ȇ ȝȖȟț, ȟȚȖ-
ȉȣ Ȋȣ ȉȣȓȐ șȖțȟȈșȚȕȐȒȖȔ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȊȣȋȖȌȕȖȔ ȗȘȍȌȗȘȐȧȚȐȐ
ȔȐȓȍȑȠȐȑ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ ǪȖȚȈȕ
ǰ ș ȥȚȐȔȐ șȓȖȊȈȔȐ ǪȖȓȤȜ ȕȈȎȈȓ ȗțȋȖȊȒț ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍ-
șȒȖȋȖ ȏȊȖȕȒȈ Ƕȕ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȓ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȔȔț ȊȖȠȍȌȠȍȔț ȓȈȒȍȦ
ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȌȍȕȤȋȈȔȐ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǹȌȈȑ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȔȔț ȖȚ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕȈ ǪȖȚȈȕȈ
ǪȖȚȈȕ ȗȖȉȓȍȌȕȍȓ Ƕȕ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȓ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȚȤ ȐȋȘț ǪȖȓȤȜȈ Ȑ
ȚȍȗȍȘȤ țȎȍ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȐȔ ȕȍȗȖșȘȍȌșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȊșȚȈȓȈ șȔȍȘȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ
ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȤ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȗȖȌȊȍȘȋȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȥȚȖȚ ȈȋȍȕȚ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȖȋȖ
ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ ǪȖȓȤȜț ȕȍȟȍȋȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȍȘȧȚȤ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȕȐ-
ȟȚȖ ȍȋȖ ȕȍ șȊȧȏȣȊȈȓȖ ȕȐ șȖ ȏȌȍȠȕȐȔȐ ȓȦȌȤȔȐ ȕȐ șȖ șȚȈȘȖȑ
ȜȐȘȔȖȑ ȚȈȒ ȗȘȖȟȕȖ Ȑ ȞȍȗȒȖ țȒȘȍȗȐȊȠȍȑșȧ ȕȈ ȉȍȏȋȘȈȕȐȟ-
ȕȖȔ ȗȘȖșȚȖȘȍ ȘțșșȒȖȋȖ ǬȈȓȤȕȍȋȖ ǪȖșȚȖȒȈ
— ǵȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚȍ ȓȐ Ȋȣ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ — șȒȈȏȈȓ țȔȣȠȓȍȕȕȖ
ȗȖȌȟȍȘȒȐȊȈȧ șȓȖȊȖ «ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ» ǪȖȚȈȕ — ȕȍ ȌțȔȈȍȚȍ ȓȐ Ȋȣ
ȟȚȖ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȒȈ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȔȔȣ șȚȖȓȤ ȗȘȖȏȘȈȟȕȖȋȖ șȔȣșȓȈ ȧȊȓȧȍȚ-
șȧ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ ȘȐșȒȖȔ ȕȍ Ȍȓȧ ȊȈș ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȕȖ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ"
— ȅȚȖ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȖ — ȕȍȉȘȍȎȕȣȔ ȚȖȕȖȔ ȉȘȖ-
șȐȓ ǪȖȓȤȜ — DzȘȖȔȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȧ ȔȖȋț ȊȈș țșȗȖȒȖȐȚȤ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ
ǪȖȚȈȕ ǷȍȘȊȣȑ ȘȈȏ Ȉ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ Ȑ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ ȘȈȏ ȥȚȖ ȕȈȊȍȘ-
ȕȖȍ ȗȘȖȑȌȍȚ ȕȍȏȈȔȍȟȍȕȕȣȔ ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ ȒȈșȈȍȚșȧ șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȝ Țȍ-
ȓȍȋȘȈȔȔ ȚȖ ȥȚȖ țȎ ȉțȌȍȚ ȏȈȊȐșȍȚȤ ȖȚ ȊȈș ȒȈȒ ȓțȟȠȍ Ȑ ȉȍȏȖ-
ȗȈșȕȍȍ ȐșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȚȤ ȖșȚȘȖțȔȕȣȑ ȠȐȜȘ ȗȘȐșȓȈȕȕȣȑ ȕȈȔ
ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖȔ ǿȚȖ ȒȈșȈȍȚșȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȚȖ ȧ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȉțȌț ȗȖȓȤ-
ȏȖȊȈȚȤșȧ ȐȔ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȧ ș ȊȈȠȍȋȖ ȘȈȏȘȍȠȍȕȐȧ țȍȏȎȈȦ Ǫȣ Ȏȍ
ȔȖȎȍȚȍ ȐșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȚȤ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȧ Ȋ ǷȍȚȍȘȉțȘȋȍ
ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕȈ ǼȘȐȞȈ ǪȐȓȤȉȘȈȕȌȚȈ
ǷȖȗȘȖȡȈȊȠȐșȤ șȖ șȚȈȘȐȒȖȔ ǪȖȓȤȜ ȗȍȠȒȖȔ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓ-
șȧ ȗȖ ȋȓȈȊȕȖȑ țȓȐȞȍ ȗȖȚȖȔ șȊȍȘȕțȓ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț Ȑ ȗȖȌȕȧȊ-
ȠȐșȤ Ȋ ȋȖȘț ȌȖȠȍȓ ȌȖ ȌȖȔȈ ȋȌȍ ȎȐȓȐ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ǹȈȓȐș ȀȊȈ-

81
ȉȍ Ȑ ȗȖȌȘțȎȐȊȠȐȑșȧ ș ȕȐȔ ǵȖȝȊȐȞȒȐȑ
Ǫ ȌȖȔȍ Ƞȍȓ ȗȐȘ ǵȖȝȊȐȞȒȐȑ ȐȋȘȈȓ ȕȈ ȜȖȘȚȍȗȐȈȕȖ Ȑ ȕȈ-
ȗȍȊȈȓ ȜȘȐȊȖȓȤȕȣȍ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȐȍ ȠȈȕșȖȕȍȚȒȐ Ȉ ǹȈȓȐș ȀȊȈ-
ȉȍ ȘȈȏȊȈȓȐȊȠȐșȤ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȔ ȒȘȍșȓȍ ȝȖȝȖȚȈȓ șȔȖȚȘȧ ȒȈȒ
ȌȊȍ ȔȖȓȖȌȣȍ ȘȈșȒȘȈȠȍȕȕȣȍ ȧȗȖȕȒȐ șȚȈȘȈȓȐșȤ ȗȖȌȘȈȎȈȚȤ
ȒȈȕȒȈȕț ȟȚȖ ț ȕȐȝ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȓȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȏȈȉȈȊȕȖ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȖȕȐ
șȔȍȠȕȖ ȒȖȊȣȓȧȓȐ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȊȈȓȐȊȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈ șȊȖȐȝ ȚȖȓșȚȣȝ Ȑ
ȒȘȐȊȣȝ ȕȖȋȈȝ
ȇȗȖȕȒȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȤȧȕȣ ǶȕȐ ȏȊȖȕȒȖ ȝȖȝȖȚȈȓȐ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȓȐ-
ȊȈȓȐ șȔȍȝ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȐȔ ȗȚȐȟȤȐȔ ȡȍȉȍȚȈȕȐȍȔ ȌȖșȚțȗȕȣȔ
ȓȐȠȤ ȋȖȘȓț ȎȐȚȍȓȤȕȐȞ ǵȐȗȗȖȕȈ
ǺțȚ Ȏȍ ȉȍȋȈȓ ȟȍȘȕȣȑ ȠȗȐȞ Ȑ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ ȓȈȧȓ ȗȘȣȋȈȧ ȟȍ-
Șȍȏ ȗȖȌșȚȈȊȓȧȍȔțȦ ȍȔț ǹȈȓȐșȖȔ ȀȊȈȉȍ ȕȖȋț
— ȀȈȓțȕȣ ȠȈȓțȕȣ — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ ȖșȚȈȕȈȊȓȐȊȈȧșȤ ȕȈ
ȗȖȘȖȋȍ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ ǪȖȓȤȜ — Ǫ ȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȈȒ Ȓ ȉȍȘȍȋȈȔ dzȧȖ-
ȌțȕȈ ȐȌȍȚ Ȍȓȧ ȕȈȗȈȌȍȕȐȧ ȜȓȖȚȐȓȐȧ ȧȗȖȕșȒȐȝ ȔȐȕȖȕȖșȞȍȊ
ȒȖȋȌȈ ș ȒȈȎȌȖȑ ȔȐȕțȚȖȑ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȍȚșȧ ȊȈȎȕȣȑ ȐșȚȖȘȐȟȍ-
șȒȐȑ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ Ȋȣ ȏȈȉȈȊȓȧȍȚȍșȤ ȊȐȕȖȔ ȔțȏȣȒȖȑ Ȑ ȎȍȕȡȐ-
ȕȈȔȐ
ǶȌȕȈ Ȑȏ ȧȗȖȕȖȒ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȈȧ ȟȍȘȕȖȋȓȈȏȈȧ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ ȋȐȉ-
ȒȈȧ Ȑ țșȒȖȓȤȏȈȦȡȈȧ ȒȈȒ ȒȖȠȒȈ ȗȖȌȖȠȓȈ Ȑ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȓȈ ȕȈ
ȋțȉȣ ǪȖȓȤȜȈ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒțȦ ȘțȟȒț țȒȘȈȠȍȕȕțȦ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȔȐ ȗȍȘ-
șȚȕȧȔȐ
— ǰȌȐ — ȠȍȗȕțȓȈ ȖȕȈ
ǪȖȓȤȜ ȗȖȒȘȈșȕȍȓ Ȑ ȔȈȝȕțȓ ȘțȒȖȑ
— ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȘȈȏ — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ Ȗȕ — Ǩ ȚȈȔ Ȋ ȗțȚȤ
ǷȐȘ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓșȧ
XV
ǬȍȕȤ  ȧȕȊȈȘȧ  ȋȖȌȈ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȐȏȋȓȈȌȐȚșȧ Ȑȏ ȗȈ-
ȔȧȚȐ Țȍȝ ȒȚȖ ȎȐȓ Ȋ ȚȖ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȕȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋȈȝ ǺȐȝȖȋȖ
ȖȒȍȈȕȈ
ǫțȓ ȊȏȖȘȊȈȊȠȐȝșȧ ȔȐȕ ȕȈ ȘȍȑȌȍ ǷȖȘȚ-ǨȘȚțȘȈ ȋȌȍ șȚȖȧ-
ȓȐ ȕȍ ȖȎȐȌȈȊȠȐȍ ȕȈȗȈȌȍȕȐȧ ȘțșșȒȐȍ ȉȘȖȕȍȕȖșȞȣ Ȑ ȒȘȍȑșȍ-
ȘȈ ȋȘȖȔȒȐȔ ȖȚȏȊțȒȖȔ ȗȘȖȕȍșșȧ ȖȚ ȔȣșȈ dzȧȖȚȍȠȈȕȤ ȌȖ ǪȓȈ-

82
ȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒȈ ǺȈȚȈȘșȒȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȓȐȊȈ Ȑ țșȚȤȧ ǨȔțȘȈ Ƕȉ ȥȚȖȑ Ȋȍș-
ȚȐ ȊȖȓȕțȧșȤ Ȑ ȕȍȋȖȌțȧ ȘȈșșțȎȌȈȓȐ Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌȈȝ Ȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȝ
șȍȓȈȝ Ƕ ȚȖȔ Ȏȍ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȊȈȓȐ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋț ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȊȠȐȍșȧ Ȋ
ȚȈȑȋȍ ȗȘȖȔȣșȓȖȊȣȍ ȖȝȖȚȕȐȒȐ Ȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ ȗȖȌ ȠțȔ ȊȍȚȘȈ Ȑ
ȋțȌȍȕȐȍ ȗȈȘțșȖȊ ȘȣȉȈȒȐ ȕȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȝ ȉȈȘȒȈșȈȝ
ǫȖȘȖȌ ȋȌȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓșȧ ȋȓȈȊȕȣȑ ȔȈȋȈȏȐȕ ȜȐȘȔȣ «ǨȘȚȐȋ
Ȑ Ǫȍȑș», țȏȕȈȓ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȑ ȏȓȖȗȖȓțȟȕȖȑ ȕȖȊȖșȚȐ ȘȈȕȖ țȚȘȖȔ 
ȧȕȊȈȘȧ ǷȍȘȍȌȈȊȈȓȐ ȗȖȧȊȓȧȦȡȐȍșȧ ȖȚȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ șȓțȝȐ Ȗ șȍȘȤȍȏ-
ȕȣȝ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȝ ȘțșșȒȖȋȖ ȜȓȖȚȈ Ȑ Ȗȉ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȐ țȋȘȖȎȈȦȡȍȑ
ǷȖȘȚ-ǨȘȚțȘț
ǺȖȓȗȣ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȊȍșȤ ȌȍȕȤ Ȑ ȌȖ ȗȖȏȌȕȍȑ ȕȖȟȐ ȗȖ
țȓȐȞȈȔ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ ȊȏȉȐȘȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈ șȈȔȣȍ ȊȣșȖȒȐȍ ȋȖȘȣ Ȑ șȔȖȚ-
ȘȍȓȐ ȊȌȈȓȤ ȘȈȏȣșȒȐȊȈȧ Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ ȖȋȕȐ ȖȎȐȌȈȊȠȍȑșȧ ȕȍȗȘȐȧ-
ȚȍȓȤșȒȖȑ ȥșȒȈȌȘȣ ǷȘȖȏȊțȟȈȓȐ șȓȖȊȈ ǴȈȕȐȜȍșȚȈ Ȗ ȊȖȑȕȍ ǷȖ-
ȧȊȐȓȐșȤ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȣ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȝ ȊȓȈșȚȍȑ Ǫ ȚȖȓȗȍ șȕȖȊȈȓȐ ȒȓȍȘ-
ȒȐ Ȑ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȟȐȒȐ ȜȐȘȔȣ «ǨȘȚȐȋ Ȑ Ǫȍȑș», ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȓț-
ȠȈȓȐ ȏȖȘȒȖ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ Ȑ ȗȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȈȔ ȗȖ șȍȒȘȍȚț ȗȍȘȍȌȈȊȈ-
ȓȐ ȚȖ ȚȖȔț ȚȖ ȌȘțȋȖȔț Ȑȏ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȝ Ȗ șȊȍȎȐȝ Ȑ ȕȍȘȈȌȖșȚ-
ȕȣȝ ȕȖȊȖșȚȧȝ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȓțȟȍȕȕȣȝ ȚȍȔ ȐȓȐ ȌȘțȋȐȔ ȊȈȎ-
ȕȣȔ ȓȐȞȖȔ Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌȍ
ǷȖȚȖȔ Ȋșȍ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ șȓȣȠȈȓȐ Ȑ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȥȚȐ ȗȘȖȕȣȘȓȐȊȣȍ
ȓȦȌȐ ȖȕȐ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȊȈȓȐ șȐȌȍȊȠȍȔț Ȋ ȟȍȘȚȍȎȕȖȑ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȖȋȖ
ȌȖȔȈ «ǨȘȚȐȋ Ȑ Ǫȍȑș» ǪȖȓȤȜț Ȑ ȏȓȖȘȈȌȕȖ ȗȖșȔȍȐȊȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈȌ
ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȕȣȔ ȗțșȒȈȍȔȣȔȐ ȐȔȐ ȓȖȎȕȣȔȐ
ȐȏȊȍșȚȐȧȔȐ
— ǩțȌȤȚȍ ȔțȌȘȣ ȒȈȒ ȏȔȐȐ — ȚȖȕȖȔ ȗȘȖȗȖȊȍȌȕȐȒȈ șȔȍȧșȤ,
ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȐȔ ǪȖȓȤȜ. — ǷțșȚȤ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ Ȑȏ ȊȈș ȗȘȐȕȍșȍȚ ǫȍȘȔȈ-
ȕȐȐ Ȋ ȥȚȖȚ ȊȈȎȕȣȑ ȐșȚȖȘȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȌȊȈ ȍșȚȍșȚ-
Ȋȍȕȕȣȝ ȊȘȈȋȈ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȘȖȌȐȕȣ ȊȏȈȐȔȕȖ ȖșȓȈȉȓȧȦȚ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘț-
ȋȈ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȗȖȓȤȏț ǵȖ ȉțȌȤȚȍ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȣ Ȑ Ȗș-
ȔȖȚȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȣ ǭșȓȐ ȗȖȋȐȉȕȍȚ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȊȈș ȕȐȟȚȖ ȖȚ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȕȍ
ȐȏȔȍȕȐȚșȧ ǵȖ ȍșȓȐ Ȋȣ ȗȖ ȕȍȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȕȍȖșȔȖȚȘȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ȗȘȍȌȈȌȐȚȍ Ȋșȍ ȌȍȓȖ ȕȈȠȍ — ȥȚȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ȕȍȗȖȗȘȈ-
ȊȐȔȈȧ ȖȠȐȉȒȈ ǺȈȒȖȊ ȔȖȑ ȏȈȊȍȚ ȊȈȔ Ȉ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȌȘțȏȤȧ — ȌȖ
șȊȐȌȈȕȤȧ ǯȈȊȚȘȈ Ȕȍȕȧ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȚ Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌȍ
ǵȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȌȍȕȤ ș țȚȘȍȕȕȐȔ ȗȖȍȏȌȖȔ ȉȐȚȒȖȔ ȕȈȉȐȚȣȔ
ȗȈșșȈȎȐȘȈȔȐ ǪȖȓȤȜ țȍȏȎȈȓ Ȋ ǴȈȕȟȎțȘȐȦ

83
XVI
Ǫ ǽȈȘȉȐȕȍ Ȗȕ șȘȈȏț ȕȣȘȕțȓ Ȋ ȊȖȌȖȊȖȘȖȚ ȊȖȍȕȕȖȑ ȎȐȏ-
ȕȐ ǻ ȒȖȕșțȓȈ ǴȦȓȓȍȘȈ ȉȣȓȖ țșȚȘȖȍȕȖ ȏȈșȍȌȈȕȐȍ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖ-
ȘȖȔ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȝȈȘȉȐȕșȒȐȑ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȤ ȜȐȘȔȣ «ǨȘ-
ȚȐȋ Ȑ Ǫȍȑș» ǩȘȈȕȌȚ țȗȘȈȊȓȧȦȡȐȍ ȖȚȌȍȓȍȕȐȧȔȐ ȜȐȘȔ «ǨȘ-
ȚțȘ ǸȖȌȗȍȓȤ», «ǽȐȓȤȔȈȕș», «ǬȈȕȋȍȓȐȌȍȘ» Ȑ «ǪȐȚȔȈȕ-ǩȈț-
ȥȘȕȈȔȍȘ» ǯȌȍșȤ Ȏȍ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȊȍȏȌȍșțȡȐȑ ǫȐȕȞȍ ȏȈ-
ȋȈȌȖȟȕȣȑ ȗȖȓȕȣȑ ȌȖșȚȖȐȕșȚȊȈ ȌȐȗȓȖȔȈȚ țȔȍȦȡȐȑ ȚȈȒ ȓȈș-
ȒȖȊȖ Ȑ ȗȖȕȧȚȓȐȊȖ șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ Ȋ ȓȐȞȖ șȖȉȍșȍȌȕȐȒȈ Ȑ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȑ-
ȕȣȑ ȊȍȟȕȖ ȚȖȘȖȗȧȡȐȑșȧ ȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȖȉȌțȔȣȊȈȦȡȐȑ Ȑ
ȗȖȘȣȊȐșȚȖ ȚȍȘȍȉȧȡȐȑ șȊȖȐ ȘȍȌȒȐȍ ȊȖȓȖșȣ ȌȖȒȚȖȘ ǷțȎȍȕ
Ǫșȍ ȖȕȐ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ ǪȖȓȤȜț Ȗ Țȍȝ șȊȧȏȧȝ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ țșȚȈȕȖȊ-
ȓȍȕȣ ȐȔȐ Ȑ Ȗ Țȍȝ ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒȈȝ ȖȚȒțȌȈ ȖȕȐ ȉțȌțȚ ȟȍȘȗȈȚȤ
ȊȈȎȕȣȍ Ȑ ȚȖȟȕȣȍ șȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ
ǺȘȍȉȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ǪȖȓȤȜ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȊȖȏȘȈȏȐȚȤ Ȑ ȚȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖ țȓȣȉȈȓșȧ Ȉ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȣȑ ȊȐȌȈȊȠȐȑ ȊȐȌȣ ǫȐȕ-
Ȟȍ ȌȈȎȍ ȏȈȝȓȖȗȈȓ Ȋ ȓȈȌȖȠȐ Ȑ ȗȘȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ
— ǷȖȌțȔȈȚȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȒȈȧ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȈȞȐȧ ț ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȐ
șțȡȍșȚȊțȍȚ ȊȍȏȌȍ Ȑ Ȋ ǹȚȈȘȖȔ Ȑ Ȋ ǵȖȊȖȔ șȊȍȚȍ
— ȅȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȗȖȒȈ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȓȍȕȐȧ — ȏȈȌțȔȟȐȊȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ
ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș ǪȖȓȤȜ — ǷȖșȔȖȚȘȐȔ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȑȌȍȚ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȒȖȋ-
ȌȈ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȧ ȕȍȗȖșȘȍȌșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ȕțȎȌȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ țșȓțȋȈȝ
șȊȖȐȝ ȗȘȍȌȈȕȕȣȝ ȈȋȍȕȚȖȊ
ǷȖșȓȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ șȖȊȍȡȈȕȐȧ ǪȖȓȤȜ ȗȘȖȎȐȓ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȕȍȑ
Ȋ ǽȈȘȉȐȕȍ ȋȌȍ Ȗȕ ȚȖȓȒȈȓșȧ ȕȈ ȊȖȒȏȈȓȍ ȗȘȐșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȧșȤ Ȓ
ȗȘȐȉȣȊȈȦȡȐȔ Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌ ȊȖȑșȒȈȔ Ǩ ȊȖȑșȒ ȠȓȖ ȔȕȖȋȖ ǷȘȐ-
ȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȍ ȊȍȘȍȕȐȞȣ ȊȖȐȕșȒȐȝ ȗȖȍȏȌȖȊ ǰȏ ȌȊȍȘȍȑ
Ȑȏ ȖȒȖȕ ȊȈȋȖȕȖȊ ȊȣȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȓȐ ȉȖȘȖȌȈȚȣȍ ȓȐȞȈ ȏȈȗȈșȕȣȝ
ǺȖȗȈȓȐ Ȑ ȘȎȈȓȐ ȓȖȠȈȌȐ Ȉ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȝȖȌȈ ȗȖȍȏȌȈ ȋȘȖȔȣ-
ȝȈȓȐ Ȑ ȏȊȍȕȍȓȐ ȖȘțȌȐȧ Ȑ ȏȈȘȧȌȕȣȍ ȧȡȐȒȐ DzȘȖȔȍ ǪȖȓȤȜȈ,
șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ ȕȈ ȥȚȐ ȗȖȍȏȌȈ ȌȍșȧȚȒȐ ȋȓȈȏ ȗȘȐșȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȝ șȓȍ-
ȌȐȚȤ ȏȈ ȚȍȔ ȟȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȍȚșȧ ȕȈ ȓȐȕȐȐ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ Ȏȍȓȍȏ-
ȕȖȑ ȌȖȘȖȋȐ șȊȧȏȣȊȈȦȡȍȑ ȌȈȓȍȒțȦ ǺȐȝȖȖȒȍȈȕșȒțȦ ȖȒȘȈȐ-
ȕț ș șȍȘȌȞȍȔ ǸȖșșȐȐ

84
ǫȐȕȞȍ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ Ȏȍ ȌȍȕȤ ȟȍȘȍȏ ǹȈȕ-ǹȐȕ țȍȝȈȓ ȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ Ȑ
Ȋ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȒȖȕȞȖȊ ȖȟțȚȐȓșȧ Ȋ ǷȍȒȐȕȍ ȖȚȒțȌȈ ȖȎȐȊȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȗȐșȣȊȈȓșȧ ȒȈȒ șȖ șȚȈȘȣȔ ǪȖȚȈȕȖȔ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ș ǪȍȓȍȔ Ȑ ǩȘȈȕȌ-
ȚȖȔǷțȎȍȕ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ǪȖȓȤȜȖȔ Ȑȏ ǽȈȘȉȐȕȈ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ Ȋ ǴțȒ-
Ȍȍȕ Ȑ dzȧȖȧȕ ǯȌȍșȤ ȖȕȐ ȐȔȍȓȐ șȊȐȌȈȕȐȍ ș ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȔȐ Ȓțȗ-
ȞȈȔȐ Ȑ ș ȗȍȘȍȖȌȍȚȣȔȐ ȧȗȖȕȞȈȔȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ țȒȘȣȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ
ȘȈȏȕȣȝ ȗȘȐȚȖȕȈȝ Ȑ ȊȣșȓȍȎȐȊȈȓȐ Ȋșȍ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȗȍȘȍȌȈ-
ȊȈȓȐ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȘȈȌȐȖȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜȕȣȍ șȚȈȕȞȐȐ ȘȈșȒȐȕțȚȣȍ ȊȉȓȐ-
ȏȐ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȖȑ ȌȖȘȖȋȐ
Ǫ dzȧȖȧȕȍ ǪȖȓȤȜ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ ȗȐșȤȔȖ ȖȚ ǪȖȚȈȕȈ ǷȐșȤȔȖ ȗȖ-
ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕț Ƕȕ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȘȈȏ-
ȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȓ ȒȖȕȊȍȘȚ Ȑ ȝȖȚȧ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȕȈ ȕȍȔ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȝ șȓȍ-
ȌȖȊ ȖșȔȖȚȘȈ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȗȘȖșȚȖȑ șȍȘȣȑ ȒȖȕȊȍȘȚ ș ȈȌȘȍșȖȔ ȕȈ-
ȗȐșȈȕȕȣȔ ȘȈȏȔȈȠȐșȚȣȔ ȗȖȟȍȘȒȖȔ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȝȖȎȐȔ
ȕȈ ȗȖȟȍȘȒ ǪȖȚȈȕȈ ȐȓȐ ǴȦȓȤȜȍȘȚȈ ȟȈșȚȖ ȗȐșȈȊȠȍȋȖ ȖȚ ȐȔȍ-
ȕȐ ȋȓȈȊȣ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ «ǨȘȚȐȋ Ȑ Ǫȍȑș» șȍȒȘȍȚȕȣȍ Ȑ ȒȖȕ-
ȜȐȌȍȕȞȐȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȗȐșȤȔȈ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȏȈȌțȔȈȚȤșȧ ǪȖȓȤȜ
șȗȘȧȚȈȓ ȗȐșȤȔȖ Ȋ ȒȈȘȔȈȕ Ȑ ȌȖȔȖȑ ȕȍ ȗȖȠȍȓ ǷȖ țȏȒȖȔț ȋȘȧȏ-
ȕȖȔț ȗȍȘȍțȓȒț Ȗȕ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ Ȋ ȋȖȘț Ȑ ȊȣȠȍȓ ȕȈ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȤ ȋȌȍ
ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȒȈȏȕȐ Ȑ ȋȌȍ ȊȣșȐȓȈșȤ ȗȖșȚȘȖȍȕ-
ȕȈȧ Ȑȏ ȒȘȈșȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȓȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȌȍȘȍȊȈ ȟȈșȖȊȕȧ ǩȖȋȈ Ǵȍș-
ȚȐ ǯȌȍșȤ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȖȏȐȘȈȚȤșȧ ȕȖ ȊșȒȖȘȍ
țșȗȖȒȖȐȓșȧ ǵȐȒȚȖ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ ȕȍ Ƞȍȓ Ȑ ȕȍ șȓȍȌȐȓ DzȐȚȈȑȞȣ șȐ-
ȌȍȓȐ ț șȊȖȐȝ ȌȖȔȖȊ Ȑ ȘȈȊȕȖȌțȠȕȖ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ ȕȈ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȊ-
ȠȍȋȖ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑȞȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȚȈȒ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȖȕȐ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȖ
Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȉȖȋȈȚȖȔ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȖȔ ȋȖȘȖȌȍ
ǯȈȑȌȧ ȏȈ ȒțȔȐȘȕȦ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȊșȒȘȣȓ ȗȐșȤȔȖ Ȑ ȗȘȖȟȍȓ ȍȋȖ.
ǹȚȈȘȣȑ ǪȖȚȈȕ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȗȐșȣȊȈȧ ȗȐșȤȔȈ ȕȖ șȚȈȊȧ Ȋ ȓȍȊȖȔ țȋ-
ȓț ȉțȒȊț «D», ȗȍȘȍȟȍȘȒȕțȚțȦ ȌȊȈ ȘȈȏȈ ȗȐșȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȐȔ ȗȖȓț-
ȟȍȕȈ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȔȔȈ ȖȚ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȖȋȖ ȗȖșȓȈ Ȋ ǷȍȒȐȕȍ ȏȈ ȹ 110.
ǺȍȓȍȋȘȈȔȔȈ ȥȚȈ ȗȘȍȌȗȐșȣȊȈȓȈ ȜȐȘȔȍ «ǨȘȚȐȋ Ȑ Ǫȍȑș» șȖȖȉ-
ȡȐȚȤ ȊșȍȔ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȐȔ ȜȐȘȔȈȔ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȦȡȐȔ ȕȈ ǬȈȓȤȕȍȔ
ǪȖșȚȖȒȍ Ȑ ȐȔȍȦȡȐȔ ȌȘțȋ ș ȌȘțȋȖȔ ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȣȍ Țȍșȕȣȍ șȕȖ-
ȠȍȕȐȧ Ȉ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȊșȍȔ ȈȋȍȕȚȈȔ ȗȘȐȉȣȊȈȦȡȐȔ Ȑȏ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȐ
ȟȚȖ ȊȖȍȕȕȖȍ Ȑ ȔȖȘșȒȖȍ ȔȐȕȐșȚȍȘșȚȊȈ Ȋ ǩȍȘȓȐȕȍ ȗȘȍȌȗȐșȣ-
ȊȈȦȚ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȘȍȊȕȖșȚȕȖ Ȑ ȚȡȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȔȖȋȈȚȤ ȧȗȖȕșȒȐȔ
ȊȓȈșȚȧȔ Ȋ Ȑȝ șȚȈȘȈȕȐȐ ȉȣȚȤ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖ ȖșȊȍȌȖȔȓȍȕȕȣȔȐ Ȗ

85
ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧȝ Ȑ ȕȈȔȍȘȍȕȐȧȝ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȐȒȈ
ǪȖȓȤȜ ȊȣșȖȒȖ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȉȘȖȊȐ
ǷȖșȓȈȚȤ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȗȐșȤȔȖ ȗȖ ȗȖȟȚȍ ȉȍȏ ȊșȧȒȐȝ ȗȘȍȌȖșȚȖȘȖȎ-
ȕȖșȚȍȑ ȏȕȈȟȐȓȖ — ȊȣȌȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ ș ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ
ǷȘȈȊȌȈ ǪȖȚȈȕ ȗȖșȓȈȓ ȗȐșȤȔȖ ȕȈ țșȓȖȊȕțȦ ȜȈȔȐȓȐȦ Ȑ
ȕȈ ȒȖȕȊȍȘȚȍ șȚȖȧȓȖ ȐȔȧ DzȓȍȑȕȈ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȗȖȓțȟȈȚȍȓȤ ȗȐșȤ-
ȔȈ ȕȍȔȐȕțȍȔȖ ȔȖȋ ȗȖȗȈșȚȤ Ȋ ȘțȒȐ ȊȓȈșȚȍȑ ǸȈșșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȧ
ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȐșȤȔȖ ǪȖȓȤȜ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȕȈ ȉțȔȈȋȍ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȗȖ-
ȌȖȏȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ șȓȍȌȣ Ȑ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȗȣ-
ȚȈȓșȧ ȗȘȖȧȊȐȚȤ ȕȈ ȉțȔȈȋȍ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ șȒȘȣȚȣȑ ȚȍȒșȚ ȕȈ-
ȗȐșȈȕȕȣȑ șȍȒȘȍȚȕȣȔȐ ȟȍȘȕȐȓȈȔȐ ȅȚȖȚ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȑ ȏȈȔȍȕȐȓ
ȒȖȕȊȍȘȚ ǪȖȚȈȕȈ ȥȚȐȔ șȍȘȣȔ ȒȖȕȊȍȘȚȖȔ ș ȘȈȏȔȈȠȐșȚȣȔ ȗȖ-
ȟȍȘȒȖȔ
«ǪȖȚȈȕ ȝȖȚȍȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȘȍȌȈȚȤ» — ȔȍȓȤȒȕțȓȈ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ț
ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ ȔȣșȓȤ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ ȍȔț țȋȘȖȎȈȍȚ ȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ
ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȤ
ǷȘȍȎȌȍ, ȟȍȔ ȗȖȑȚȐ ȌȖȔȖȑ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȏȈȠȍȓ Ȓ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȖȔț
ȒȐȚȈȑȞț Ȑ ȊȣȏȊȈȓ ȚțȌȈ ǷțȎȍȕȈ ǺȖȚ ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓ-
șȧ Ȋ ȋȖșȚȐȕȐȞț ȋȌȍ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ, Ȑ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤ-
ȒȐȝ ȓȐȞ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȖȚȒȘȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȖȎȐȌȈȊȠȐȝ ȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ ț ȊȝȖȌȈ Ȋ
ȌȖȔǻȏȕȈȊ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ǪȖȓȤȜ ȊȣȠȍȓ ȖȚ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȈ Ȑ ȗȖȗȘȖȡȈȊ-
ȠȐșȤ ș ǷțȎȍȕȖȔ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȒȘțȎȐȓ ȗȖ dzȧȖȧȕț Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȖȋȌȈ
ȒȖȋȌȈ șȚȍȔȕȍȓȖ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ ȕȈ ȖȒȘȈȐȕț ȋȌȍ Țȧȕțȓșȧ ȌȓȐȕ-
ȕȣȑ ȘȧȌ ȊȣșȖȒȐȝ ȌȖȔȖȊ ȉȐȚȒȖȔ ȕȈȉȐȚȣȝ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȈȔȐ ǯȌȍșȤ
ȉȣȓȐ ȚȈȑȕȣȍ ȐȋȖȘȕȣȍ ȗȘȐȚȖȕȣ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘȣ ȕȈșȍȓȍȕȕȣȍ Ȏȍȕ-
ȡȐȕȈȔȐ ȋȌȍ ȊșȧȒțȦ ȕȖȟȤ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȒȘȖȊȈȊȣȍ ȘȈșȗȘȈȊȣ
ȔȍȎȌț ȗȖșȍȚȐȚȍȓȧȔȐ ȌȍȠȍȊȣȍ ȒțȝȔȐșȚȍȘșȒȐȍ ȝȈȘȟȍȊȕȐ Ȑ
ȋȖșȚȐȕȐȞȣ ǰȏ ȖȒȖȕ Ȑ Ȑȏ-ȗȖȌ ȊȖȘȖȚ ȕȈ țȓȐȞț ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș Ȍȣ-
ȔȖȔ Ȑ ȏȈȗȈȝȖȔ ȗȍȘȍȋȖȘȍȓȖȋȖ ȉȖȉȖȊȖȋȖ ȔȈșȓȈ ȕȍșȓȐșȤ ȒȘȐȒȐ
ȉȘȈȕȤ ȏȈțȕȣȊȕȣȍ ȗȍșȕȐ Ȑ ȎȍȕșȒȐȍ ȊȐȏȋȓȐȊȣȍ ȋȖȓȖșȈ DzȚȖ-
ȚȖ ȗȐȓȐȒȈȓ ȕȈ «ȓȧ-ȝțȚȧ» — ȖȌȕȖșȚȘțȕȕȖȑ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȖȑ șȒȘȐȗ-
Ȓȍ Ȉ ȍȍ ȘȣȌȈȦȡȐȔ ȏȊțȒȈȔ ȊȚȖȘȐȓ ȋȓțȉȖȒȐȑ ȉȈș ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ
ȕȈȘȈșȗȍȊ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ ȐșȚȖȘȐȦ ȗȘȍȎȕȐȝ ȋȍȘȖȍȊ Ȑȝ ȌȍȧȕȐȧ
Ȑ ȊȍȓȐȒȐȍ ȏȈșȓțȋȐ ȗȍȘȍȌ Ƿȥ-ǹȐȕȍȔ* Ǫ ȥȚȖȔ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȍ ȉȣȓȖ
șȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍȕȈȊȐșȚȐ Ȓ ȗȖȘȈȉȖȚȐȊȠȐȔ ȕȈȘȖȌ ȉȖȋȈȟȈȔ Ȑ Ȓ ȟțȎȍ-
* Ʉɢɬɚɟɦ

86
ȏȍȔȞȈȔ ȖȚȘȣȊȈȦȡȐȔ ȖȚ ȚȍȓȈ ȌȘȍȊȕȍȑ șȚȘȈȕȣ ȋȍȘȖȐȟȍșȒȐȝ
ȉȖȋȖȊ Ȑ ȉȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȉȖȋȌȣȝȈȕȖȊ ȓțȟȠȐȍ ȟȈșȚȐ ȘȈșȗȘȖ-
șȚȘȈȕȧȦȡȐȝ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑșȒȐȍ ȖȉȣȟȈȐ ȖșȓȈȉȓȧȦȡȐȍ ȌțȠț Ȑ Țȍ-
ȓȖ ȎȐȚȍȓȍȑ DzȐȚȈȧ — ȟȚȖ ǪȖȓȤȜ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȓ șȍȉȍ
ȥȚȖȋȖ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȟȐȒȈ
Ƕȕ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȚȤ șȐȓȤȕȣȔ ȠȐȘȖȒȖȗȓȍȟȐȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȔ ș
ȋȖȘȧȡȐȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ș ȚȖȕȒȐȔȐ Ȑ ȕȍȎȕȣȔȐ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ǫȌȍ-ȕȐ-
ȉțȌȤ ȕȈ ȋȘțȌȐ ȐȓȐ ȕȈ ȗȓȍȟȍ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȊȣȎȎȍȕȈ șȐȕȧȧ ȗȚȐȞȈ
ȥȔȉȓȍȔȈ ȖȚȊȈȋȐ Ȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ Ȗȕ ȚȈȒȐȔ Ȏȍ ȏȊȖȕȒȐȔ Ȑ șȈȔȖ-
țȊȍȘȍȕȕȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȒȈȒȐȔ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ Ǵȣȑ-dzȐ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ Ȋȍ-
ȌțȡȐȑ șȊȖȦ ȘȈȏȉȖȑȕȐȟȤȦ ȉȈȘȒț ȗȖ ȉțȠțȦȡȐȔ ȊȖȓȕȈȔ ȇȗȖȕ-
șȒȖȋȖ ȔȖȘȧ ǵȖ ȘȈȏȔȣȠȓȧȚȤ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȖșȤ
ǵțȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ țșȚȘȈȐȊȈȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȕȖȟȓȍȋ
ǻ ȊȖȘȖȚ șȋȖȘȉȐȊȠȐșȤ șȐȌȍȓ șȍȌȖȑ ȒȐȚȈȍȞ șȖ șȔȖȘȡȍȕ-
ȕȣȔ ȒȈȒ ȗȍȟȍȕȖȍ ȧȉȓȖȒȖ ȓȐȞȖȔ Ȑ ș ȎȈȓȒȖȑ șȍȌȖȑ ȒȖșȐȟ-
ȒȖȑ ȉȍșȗȖȔȖȡȕȖ ȉȖȓȚȈȦȡȍȑșȧ ȕȈ ȐȏȖȘȊȈȕȕȖȔ ȝȈȓȈȚȍ
— ǫȌȍ ȏȌȍșȤ ț ȊȈș «ȝȖȑȔȐ»?* — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ǪȖȓȤȜ ȗȘȐȒȈ-
șȈȧșȤ Ȓ ȗȓȍȟț ȒȐȚȈȑȞȈ
— ǪȖ ȌȊȖȘȍ ȕȈȓȍȊȖ. ȌȊȍȘȤ ȊȕȐȏ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ șȚȈȘȐȒ ȕȍ
ȉȍȏ țȌȐȊȓȍȕȐȧ șȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑȞȈ
ǵȈ ȌȊȖȘȍ ȗȖ ȋȘȧȏȐ șȘȍȌȐ Ȓțȟ ȕȈȊȈȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȒȐȘȗȐȟȈ Ȓț-
șȒȖȊ ȠȚțȒȈȚțȘȒȐ Ȑ ȊșȧȒȐȝ ȖȚȉȘȖșȖȊ ȚȖȓȒȈȓȐșȤ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȣ Ȗ
ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ ȖȎȐȊȓȍȕȕȖ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȦȡȐȍ ȘȈȏȔȈȝȐȊȈȦȡȐȍ ȘțȒȈ-
ȔȐ Ȑ ȏȈȔȍȚȕȖ ȊȖȓȕțȦȡȐȍșȧ ǹ ȚȘțȌȖȔ ȗȘȖȚȐșȒȈȊȠȐșȤ șȒȊȖȏȤ
ȚȖȓȗț ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȌȊȍȘȐ ȊȍȌțȡȍȑ Ȋ ȕȖȟȓȍȎȒț ǵȈ-
ȌȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȖȑȚȐ ȗȖ ȌȊțȔ șȒȖȓȤȏȒȐȔ ȖȉȔȍȘȏȠȐȔ șȚțȗȍȕȧȔ,
ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȟȍȔ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȤ ȌȊȍȘȤ ǵȈ ǪȖȓȤȜȈ ȗȈȝȕțȓȖ ȏȓȖȊȖȕȕȣȔ
ȗȈȘȖȔ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ șȔȍȠȈȓȐșȤ ȏȈȗȈȝȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȚȍȓȈ
ȊȈȘȧȡȍȋȖșȧ țȒșțșȈ ș ȋȘȐȉȈȔȐ Ȑ ȌțȉȖȊȣȔȐ ȕȈȘȖșȚȈȔȐ ȖȚ ȟȍ-
ȋȖ ȘȈȏȢȍȌȈȓȖ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȑ ȕȖș șȓȈȌȒȖȊȈȚȖȋȖ țȋȈȘȈ ȖȚ ȗȘȖȓȐȊ-
ȠȍȋȖșȧ Ȋ ȖȋȖȕȤ ȔȈșȓȈ Ȑ ȎȈȘȧȡȍȑșȧ șȊȐȕȐȕȣ ș ȟȍȘȍȔȠȖȑ**.
ǶȚȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ șȓȖȊȕȖ Ȑȏ ȗȖȌȏȍȔȍȓȤȧ ȌȖȕȖșȐȓȐșȤ ȒȘȐȒȐ ȕȈȗȖ-
ȔȐȕȈȦȡȐȍ ȗȘȐȉȖȑ ȊȖȓȕ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȐ ȋȖȓȖșȈ ȔȕȖȋȐȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ
ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȊȠȐȝ ȕȖȟȤ Ȋ ȥȚȖȑ «ȝȖȑȔȐ» ȕȈ ȖȒȘȈȐȕȍ dzȧȖȧȕȈ ȒȖ-
* ɇɨɱɥɟɠɧɵɣ ɞɨɦ
** Ⱦɢɤɢɣ ɱɟɫɧɨɤ

87
ȚȖȘȖȔț ȊșȒȖȘȍ șțȎȌȍȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣȚȤ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȍȔ ȖȌȕȖȑ Ȑȏ ȕȈȐ-
ȉȖȓȍȍ ȒȘȖȊȈȊȣȝ șȚȘȈȕȐȞ Ȋ ȐșȚȖȘȐȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȚȊȈ
ǪȖȓȤȜ ȚȖȓȒȕțȓ ȊȚȖȘȣȍ ȌȊȍȘȐ Ȑ ȖȟțȚȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȖȉȠȐȘȕȖȔ
ȗȖȌȊȈȓȍ șȖ șȊȖȌȟȈȚȣȔȐ ȗȖȚȖȓȒȖȔ Ȑ ȔȖȋțȟȐȔȐ șȚȖȓȉȈȔȐ șȓȖ-
ȎȍȕȕȣȔȐ Ȑȏ ȒȘțȗȕȣȝ ȒȈȔȕȍȑ Ȑ ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȦȡȐȔȐ ȖȋȘȖȔ-
ȕȖȍ ȏȌȈȕȐȍ ȗȍȘȍȗȖȓȕȍȕȕȖȍ ȘȈȏȕȖȠȍȘșȚȕȣȔ Ȑ ȔȕȖȋȖȟȐșȓȍȕ-
ȕȣȔ ȕȈșȍȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȋȖ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ Ǫ ȗȖȚȖȓȖȒ ȉȣȓȐ ȊȊȍȘ-
ȕțȚȣ ȒȘȦȟȤȧ Ȑ ȕȈ ȕȐȝ ȊȐșȍȓȐ ȉțȔȈȎȕȣȍ ȜȖȕȈȘȐ Ȑȏ ȘȈȏȕȖ-
ȞȊȍȚȕȖȑ ȉțȔȈȋȐ țȒȘȈȠȍȕȕȣȍ ȋȘțȉȣȔȐ ȘȐșțȕȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȟȍȘȕȣ-
ȔȐ ȕȈȌȗȐșȧȔȐ ȖȕȐ ȚțșȒȓȖ ȖșȊȍȡȈȓȐ ȗȘȖȝȖȌ ȔȍȎȌț ȌȊțȔȧ
ȘȧȌȈȔȐ ȕȍ ȚȖ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȣȝ ȋȘȖȉȖȊ ȕȍ ȚȖ ȠȒȈȜȖȊ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȈ-
Șȣ ȠȍȌȠȐȍ ȖȚ ȏȍȔȓȐ ȌȖ ȗȖȚȖȓȒȈ Ȋ ȚȘȐ ȧȘțșȈ Ȑ ȘȈȏȌȍȓȍȕ-
ȕȣȍ ȗȍȘȍȋȖȘȖȌȒȈȔȐ ș ȚȈȒȐȔ ȘȈșȟȍȚȖȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȟȍȓȖ-
ȊȍȒ ȔȖȋ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȖșȖȉȖȔ ȖȚȌȍȓȍȕȐȐ
ǵȈ ȕȈȘȈȝ ȓȍȎȈȓȐ ȚȖȓșȚȣȍ ȞȐȕȖȊȒȐ șȚȍȕȣ Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȓȖȒ șȒȖ-
ȓȖȟȍȕȕȣȍ Ȑȏ ȌȖșȖȒ ȉȣȓȐ ȖȒȓȍȍȕȣ ȗȍșȚȘȣȔȐ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȈȔȐ
ȘȍȓȐȋȐȖȏȕȖȋȖ ȐȓȐ ȥȘȖȚȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ șȖȌȍȘȎȈȕȐȧ ǺțȚ Ȏȍ ȕȈ ȒȘȈș-
ȕȖȑ ȉțȔȈȋȍ ȒȘțȗȕȣȔȐ ȟȍȘȕȣȔȐ ȉțȒȊȈȔȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȈȗȍȟȈȚȈȕȣ
ȖșȖȉȣȍ ȖȉȢȧȊȓȍȕȐȧ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȉȖȓȤȕȣȍ «ȟȍȘȕȖȑ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȤȦ»*
ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȖșȚȈȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȗȖȔȍȡȍȕȐȐ «ȝȖȑȔȐ» Ȑ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȉȣ-
ȓȐ ȗȖȒȐȌȈȚȤ ȌȖ ȏȈȝȖȌȈ șȖȓȕȞȈ ȋȖȘȖȌșȒȐȍ ȊȖȘȖȚȈ ǻ șȈȔȖȑ
șȚȍȕȣ ȕȈ ȖșȖȉȖȑ șȒȈȔȍȍȟȒȍ șȚȖȧȓȈ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ ȔȈșȓȧȕȈȧ ȓȈȔ-
ȗȈ ȏȈȗȈș ȚȘțȉȖȒ Ȑ ȔȍȌȕȣȑ șȖșțȌ ș ȖȗȐțȔȖȔ
DzȖȋȌȈ ǪȖȓȤȜ ȊȖȠȍȓ ȔȕȖȋȐȍ ȖȚȌȍȓȍȕȐȧ ȕȈ ȕȈȘȈȝ ȉȣȓȐ
țȎȍ ȏȈȕȧȚȣ Ȑ Ȋ ȕȐȝ șȓȖȊȕȖ Ȋ ȗȖȌȏȍȔȍȓȤȍ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ șȊȍ-
ȚȐȓȐșȤ ȖȋȖȕȤȒȐ ȓȈȔȗ
ǵȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȑȏ ȗȖșȍȚȐȚȍȓȍȑ șȐȌȍȓȐ ȕȈ ȕȈȘȈȝ ț șȊȖȐȝ ȖȚ-
ȌȍȓȍȕȐȑ Ȑȏ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȝ ȟȈȑȕȐȒȖȊ ȕȈȓȐȊȈȓȐ ȟȈȑ Ȑ ȗȘȐȝȓȍ-
ȉȣȊȈȓȐ ȍȋȖ Ȏțȧ ȟȍȘȕțȦ ȊȧȏȒțȦ ȗȈșȚȐȓț ǪȖȓȤȜ ȗȖȌȈȓ ȗȖ-
ȌȖȠȍȌȠȍȔț Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȒȐȚȈȑȞț șȖȌȍȘȎȈȡȍȔț ȕȖȟȓȍȎȒț șȍ-
ȘȍȉȘȧȕțȦ ȔȖȕȍȚț Ȑ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȓ ȌȈȚȤ ȍȔț ȗȖȔȍȡȍȕȐȍ Ȍȓȧ ȕȖȟ-
ȓȍȋȈ
DzȐȚȈȍȞ ȝȐȚȘȖ țȓȣȉȕțȓșȧ
— DzȈȗȐȚȈȕ** ȝȖȟȍȚ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ — ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ, ȒȈȒ ȕȖ-
ȟțȦȚ ȉȍȌȕȣȍ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȣ" ȀȈȕȋȖ
* ɑɭɦɚ
** Ʉɚɩɢɬɚɧɨɦ ɤɢɬɚɣɰɵ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɜɫɟɯ ɛɨɝɚɬɵɯ

88
— Ǻȣ țȋȈȌȈȓ ȚȈȑȍ* — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ǪȖȓȤȜ
DzȐȚȈȍȞ ȗȘȐȊȍȓ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȒȖȕȍȞ «ȝȖȑȔȐ» ȋȌȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȖȚȌȍȓȍ-
ȕȐȧ Ȍȓȧ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȏȈȎȐȚȖȟȕȣȝ ȕȖȟȓȍȎȕȐȒȖȊ ǯȌȍșȤ ȕȈȘȣ ȠȓȐ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ ȌȊȈ ȧȘțșȈ Ȑ Ȋ ȒȈȎȌȖȔ ȖȚȌȍȓȍȕȐȐ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȈ-
Ȏȍ șȐȌȍȚȤ DzȐȚȈȍȞ țȒȈȏȈȓ ǪȖȓȤȜț ȕȈ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȖȍ ȔȍșȚȖ
ǪȖȓȤȜ ȗȖȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȓ ȟȈȦ Ȑ ȕȈȗȐȊȠȐșȤ ȓȍȋ ȕȈȊȏȕȐȟȤ Ȑ
șȚȈȓ ȒțȘȐȚȤ ȗȈȗȐȘȖșț ǵȈȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȍȋȖ ȖȚȌȍȓȍȕȐȧ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȗȘȖ-
ȝȖȌ ȓȍȎȈȓ șȚȈȘȣȑ ȚȖȓșȚȣȑ ȒȐȚȈȍȞ ǻ ȕȍȋȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȖȌȣȠȒȈ Ȑ
Ȗȕ ȠțȔȕȖ Ȑ ȚȧȎȍȓȖ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌȐȓ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȍ ș ȚȘțȌȖȔ ȗȍȘȍȊȖ-
ȘȈȟȐȊȈȧșȤ ș ȉȖȒț ȕȈ ȉȖȒ ǪȖȏȓȍ ȍȋȖ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ ȋȖȘȍȓȈ ȗȖȌ șȚȍ-
ȒȓȧȕȕȣȔ ȒȖȓȗȈȟȒȖȔ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȈȧ ȓȈȔȗȈ Ȑ ȚȖȓșȚȣȑ ȒȐȚȈȍȞ
țȔȧȊ ȗȈȓȤȞȈȔȐ ȠȈȘȐȒ șȔȖȓȐșȚȖȋȖ ȖȗȐțȔȈ ȕȈȚȣȒȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ
ȚȖȕȒțȦ ȒȖșȚȧȕțȦ ȗȈȓȖȟȒț Ȑ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȓȈȊȐȓ ȕȈȌ ȖȋȕȍȔ
ȗȖȊȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȧ ȚȖ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȚȖ ȌȘțȋȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȖȑ ǷȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȈȔ
ȖȗȐțȔ ȊșȗȣȝȐȊȈȓ șȐȕȐȔ ȖȋȕȍȔ Ȑ ȘȈșȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕȧȓ șȓȈȌȒȐȑ
ȌțȘȔȈȕȧȡȐȑ ȌȣȔ ȗȓȣȊțȡȐȑ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ ȐȏȊȐȓȐșȚȣȔȐ Țȧ-
ȎȍȓȣȔȐ șȚȘțȧȔȐ ǺȖȋȌȈ șȚȈȘȐȒ ȚȖȘȖȗȓȐȊȖ ȊȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȓ ȠȈȘȐȒ
Ȋ ȚȖȓșȚțȦ ȉȈȔȉțȒȖȊțȦ ȚȘțȉȒț Ȑ ȌȍȓȈȓ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȋȓțȉȖȒȐȝ
ȏȈȚȧȎȍȒ ȗȖșȓȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ Ȗȕ ȖȚȒȐȌȣȊȈȓșȧ ȕȈ ȕȈȘȣ Ȑ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȓȍ-
ȎȈȓ ȉȍȏ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧ țșȚȈȊȐȊȠȐșȤ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ Ȋ ȗȖȚȖȓȖȒ Ȑ ȔȍȌ-
ȓȍȕȕȖ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȔȐ ȒȖȓȤȞȈȔȐ ȊȣȗțșȒȈȧ ȌȣȔ ǷȖȚȖȔ Ȗȕ șȕȖ-
ȊȈ ȒȘȧȝȚȧ Ȑ ȊȏȌȣȝȈȧ ȗȖȊȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȓșȧ ȕȈ ȉȖȒ Ȑ șȕȖȊȈ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊ-
ȓȧȓ ȧȌȖȊȐȚȖȍ ȒțȘȍȊȖ Ȋșȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ Ȑ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȌȣȔȧȡȍȍ Ȑ ȕȈȗȖȓ-
ȕȧȦȡȍȍ ȗȖȌȊȈȓ «ȝȖȑȔȐ» ȒȓțȉȈȔȐ șȓȈȌȒȖȋȖ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȖȗȈ-
ȌȈȦȡȍȋȖ ȌȣȔȈ ǪșȒȖȘȍ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȈ ȋȘțȏȕȖ țȗȈȓȈ ȕȈ ȕȈ-
Șȣ Ȉ ȎȍȓȚȈȧ ȉȍȏȎȐȏȕȍȕȕȈȧ ȘțȒȈ ȊȣȘȖȕȐȓȈ ȚȘțȉȒț ǺȖȋȌȈ Ȓ
ȒțȘȐȓȤȡȐȒț ȗȖȌȉȍȎȈȓ ȝȖȏȧȐȕ ș ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȖȔ ȏȈȋȓȧȕțȓ ȍȔț
Ȋ ȓȐȞȖ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȓ ȘțȒț ȕȈ ȊȐșȖȒ ȗȖșȓțȠȈȓ Ȉ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȓțȒȈȊȖ țȓȣ-
ȉȈȧșȤ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ǪȖȓȤȜț Ȑ țȒȈȏȣȊȈȧ ȕȈ țșȕțȊȠȍȋȖ ȒȐȚȈȑ-
ȞȈ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȟȍȘȕȣȔȐ ȉȍȋȈȦȡȐȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ Ƞȍȗȕțȓ
— ǷțșȚȤ șȔȖȚȘȐȚ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȅȚȖ ǹȧȖ-ǵȈȕ șȈȔȣȑ ȉȖȋȈȚȣȑ
ȒțȗȍȞ Ȋ dzȧȖȧȕȍ ǸȈȏ Ȋ ȕȍȌȍȓȦ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚ Ȋ ȔȖȦ «ȝȖȑȔȐ»
Ȑ ȚȈȒ șȗȐȚ ȌȖ țȚȘȈ Ȉ ȗȖȚȖȔ, ȌȕȍȔ, șȕȖȊȈ ȌȍȓȈ ǰ ȚȈȒ ȕȈ Ȟȍ-
ȓțȦ ȕȍȌȍȓȦ ǹȧȖ-ǵȈȕ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚ ȖȚȌȖȝȕțȚȤ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȏȈȉȣȚȤ-
șȧ
* Ƚɨɫɩɨɞɢɧ ɯɨɡɹɢɧ

89
ǹȓȖȊȖȖȝȖȚȓȐȊȣȑ ȒȐȚȈȍȞ ȗȘȍȘȊȈȓ șȊȖȑ ȘȈșșȒȈȏ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ
Ȋ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȋ ȕȖȟȓȍȎȒȍ ȗȖȧȊȐȓșȧ ȕȖȊȣȑ ȗȖșȍȚȐȚȍȓȤ ȅȚȖ
ȉȣȓ ȊȣșȖȒȐȑ ȠȐȘȖȒȖȗȓȍȟȐȑ ȒȐȚȈȍȞ șȖ șȔȍȓȣȔ ȓȐȞȖȔ Ȑ ȋȖ-
ȘȧȡȐȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ Ƕȕ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ ȝȖȏȧȐȕȈ «ȝȖȑȔȐ» Ȑ ȚȖȚ
ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȕȈȊșȚȘȍȟț Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȍȋȖ țșȚȘȈȐ-
ȊȈȚȤ Ȋ șȖșȍȌȕȍȔ ș ǪȖȓȤȜȖȔ ȖȚȌȍȓȍȕȐȐ ǪȖȓȤȜ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ Ȑ
șȍȓ ȕȈ ȒȘȈȦ ȕȈȘ ǪȕȖȊȤ ȗȘȐȠȍȌȠȐȑ ȚȈȒȎȍ șȐȌȍȓ ȔȍȌȓȍȕ-
ȕȖ ȘȈșșȚȍȋȐȊȈȧ ȕȈ șȍȉȍ ȟȍȘȕȣȑ ȝȈȓȈȚ Ȑ ȚȐȝȖ ȏȊȍȕȧ ȌȊțȔȧ ȚȖȓ-
șȚȣȔȐ șȍȘȍȉȘȧȕȣȔȐ ȉȘȈșȓȍȚȈȔȐ ȕȈ ȗȘȈȊȖȑ ȘțȒȍ
ǪȖȓȤȜ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ țȓȣȉȕțȓșȧ Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ țȊȍȘȍȕ ȟȚȖ ȊȐȌȐȚ
ȘȧȌȖȔ ș șȖȉȖȑ ȚȖȋȖ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȟȐȒȈ ȟȍȑ ȋȖȓȖș Ȗȕ șȓȣȠȈȓ șȚȖȧ
ȗȍȘȍȌ ȊȖȘȖȚȈȔȐ ȌȖȔȈ
Ƕȕ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ș ȒȐȚȈȑȞȍȔ ǺȖȚ ȖȝȖȚȕȖ ȊșȚțȗȐȓ Ȋ ȉȍșȍȌț
Ȑ ȕȍ ȚȈȧșȤ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓ ȍȔț ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȕȈȘȖȌȕȣȑ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȟȐȒ Ȑ
ȟȚȖ ȌȍȑșȚȊțȍȚ Ȗȕ ȗȖ ȗȖȘțȟȍȕȐȦ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȓȐȞ ȋȖȘȈȏȌȖ ȉȖȓȍȍ
ȔȖȋțȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȟȍȔ Ȗȕ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȍȋȖ șȐȓȈ ȓȐȠȤ Ȋ ȓȦȉȊȐ Ȓ
ȖȉȐȎȍȕȕȖȔț Ƿȥ-ǹȐȕȦ
ǶȕȐ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐșȤ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ǪȖȓȤȜ țȔȍȓ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȚȤ ȓȦ-
Ȍȍȑ ȕȈ ȖȚȒȘȖȊȍȕȕȖșȚȤ
DzȐȚȈȍȞ ȕȈȏȊȈȊȠȐȑșȧ ǼȈȑ-ǾȏȣȕȍȔ ș ȗȣȓȒȖșȚȤȦ șȊȖȑ-
șȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȦȎȈȕȈȔ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȌțȦȚșȧ ȒȐȚȈȑ-
Ȟȣ ȟȚȖ ȔȍȎȌț ȌȊțȔȧ șȖșȍȌȕȐȔȐ ș ȕȐȔȐ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȈȔȐ Ȋșȗȣȝ-
ȕțȓȈ ȊȖȑȕȈ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȗȖȊȓȍȟȍȚ ȏȈ șȖȉȖȦ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ȐȓȐ
ȗȖȏȎȍ ȌȘțȋțȦ ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȊȖȑȕț Ǫ ȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȈȒ ȟțȎȍȏȍȔȞȣ
ȗȘȖȓȐȊȈȧ ȒȘȖȊȤ ȉțȌțȚ ȖșȓȈȉȍȊȈȚȤ DzȐȚȈȑ ȉțȌȍȚ țșȐȓȐȊȈȚȤ-
șȧ Ȑ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȕȈșȚȈȕȍȚ ȌȍȕȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋșȍ ȠȍșȚȤșȖȚ ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȖȊ ȓȦ-
Ȍȍȑ ȕȈșȍȓȧȦȡȐȝ ȌȘȍȊȕȐȑ Ƿȥ-ǹȐȕȤ ȗȖȌȣȔțȚșȧ Ȑ șȔȍȚțȚ ș
ȓȐȞȈ ȏȍȔȓȐ Ȋșȍ Țȍ ȕȈȘȖȌȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȖȗȣȚȈȦȚșȧ ȖșȚȈȕȖ-
ȊȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȔȖȋțȟȍȍ ȗȘȖȉțȎȌȍȕȐȍ ǼȈȑ-ǾȏȣȕȤ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓ ǪȖȓȤ-
Ȝț ȟȚȖ țȎȍ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȈȋȐȚȈȚȖȘȣ ȕȈȉȐȘȈȦȚ ȕȍșȔȍȚȕȣȍ ȗȖȓȟȐ-
ȡȈ ȉȍȏȌȖȔȕȣȝ Ȑ ȉȍȏȘȈȉȖȚȕȣȝ ȉȍȌȕȧȒȖȊ ȗȍȘȍșȍȓȧȦȚ Ȑȝ Ȋ
ȗțșȚȣȕȕȣȍ ȔȍșȚȈ ȋȌȍ ȖȕȐ ȖȉȘȈȏțȦȚ ȖȉȡȐȕȣ ȔțȎȟȐȕ Ȟȍ-
ȓȣȍ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ, ȕȈȌ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ ȊȐȚȈȍȚ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȍȕȕȈȧ ȚȘȍȊȖȋȈ Ȏȍ-
ȓȈȕȐȍ ȔȍșȚȐ Ȑ ȌȍȧȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ǶȚșȦȌȈ, Ȑȏ ȥȚȐȝ «ȋȖȘȖȌȖȊ ȔțȎ-
ȟȐȕ», ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȖȕȈȌȖȉȐȚșȧ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȣ ȉȘȖșȧȚ ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȣ ȊȖȐ-
ȕȖȊ ȔșȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦȡȐȝ ȉȖȧȏȕȐ Ȑ ȗȖȡȈȌȣ ǺȖȚ ȉț-
ȌȍȚ ȗȖȉȍȌȐȚȍȓȍȔ ȒȚȖ șțȔȍȍȚ ȗȘȐȊȓȍȟȤ ȕȈ șȊȖȦ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȥȚȐ
ȉȍșȟȐșȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȖȘȌȣ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȎȐȊțȚ «șȎȈȊ șȍȘȌȞȍ»,

90
ȕȖ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȐȕȍ ȌțȠȐ ȓȍȓȍȦȚ ȔȍȟȚț Ȗ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȔ ȒȘȖȊȈȊȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȒȐȚȈȍȞ ǪȖȓȤȜ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ țȌȍȘȎȈȚȤșȧ ȖȚ ȗȍ-
ȟȈȓȤȕȖȑ țȓȣȉȒȐ
— DzȈȒ Ȋșȍ ȖȌȕȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȖ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ — ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ Ȗȕ — ǸȈȏ-
Ȋȍ ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȐȕȖȍ ȌțȔȈȦȚ Ȗ ȉțȌțȡȍȔ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȕȈȘȖȌȈ Ȋ ǫȍȘ-
ȔȈȕȐȐ" ǸȈȏȊȍ ȕȈȠ ȗȓȈȕ ȟȍȔ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȖȚȓȐȟȈȍȚșȧ ȖȚ ȗȓȈȕȈ ȥȚȖ-
ȋȖ ǼȈȑ-Ǿȏȣȕȧ Ȑ ȗȖșȓȈȊȠȐȝ ȍȋȖ"
DzȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ țșȚȈȓȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȘȈȏȖȟȈȘȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȚȧȎȍ-
ȓȣȔ ȒȈȔȕȍȔ țȗȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȔȖȏȋ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ Ƕȕ ȐȕșȚȐȕȒȚȐȊȕȖ ȗȖ-
ȕȐȔȈȓ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȚȖ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȟȍȋȖ Ȗȕ ȘȐșȒȖȊȈȓ șȊȖȍȑ ȎȐȏȕȤȦ Ȑ
ȟȍȔ ȕȈȕȖșȐȓ ȉȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȕȍȗȖȗȘȈȊȐȔȣȑ ȊȘȍȌ ȚȖȑ șȚȘȈȕȍ
Ȑ ȚȖȔț ȕȈȘȖȌț șȘȍȌȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ Ȗȕ ȎȐȓ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȗȘȐ-
ȔȍȕȧȍȚșȧ ȊșȍȔȐ ȓȦȌȤȔȐ Ȑ ȕȍȚ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȖȊȖȋȖ Ȑ ȋȓȈȊ-
ȕȖȍ ȕȍȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ
— ǹȐșȚȍȔȈ — ȗȖȎȈȊ ȗȓȍȟȈȔȐ ȗȘȖȊȖȘȟȈȓ ǪȖȓȤȜ. — ǹȐ-
șȚȍȔȈ Ȉ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȊȍȡȤ șȒțȟȕȈȧ ȒȈȒ șȒțȟȍȕ șȚȈȘȣȑ ǪȖȚȈȕ
ȊșȦ șȊȖȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȗȘȖȎȐȊȠȐȑ Ȋ ȗȖȌȟȐȕȍȕȐȐ ȥȚȖȑ șȐșȚȍȔȍ
ǯȈȒțȘȐȊ ȗȈȗȐȘȖșț ǪȖȓȤȜ țȓȍȋșȧ ȕȈ ȚȖȓșȚȖȑ ȞȐȕȖȊȒȍ țȒ-
Șȣȓșȧ ȗȈȓȤȚȖ Ȑ ȏȈȚȐȝ șȚȈȘȈȧșȤ ȏȈșȕțȚȤ ǵȖȟȤ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖȊȍȓ Ȋ ȗȖ-
ȓțȏȈȉȣȚȤȍ Ȑ, ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȖșȍȚȐȚȍȓȐ ȘȈȕȖ țȚȘȖȔ ȕȈȟȈ-
ȓȐ ȗȖȒȐȌȈȚȤ «ȝȖȑȔȐ» ȕȈȗȖȓȕȍȕȕțȦ ȌȣȔȖȔ Ȑ ȐșȗȈȘȍȕȐȧ-
ȔȐ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ ȌȍșȧȚȒȖȊ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȝ Țȍȓ — ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȕȐȔȐ
ȊȣȠȍȓ ȕȈ țȓȐȞț Ȑ ǪȖȓȤȜ Ƕȕ ș țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȍȔ ȊȚȧȋȐȊȈȓ Ȋ șȍ-
ȉȧ șȊȍȎȐȑ ȔȖȘȖȏȕȣȑ ȊȖȏȌțȝ Ȑ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȒȈȒ ȗȖșȚȍȗȍȕȕȖ
șȗȈȌȈȍȚ ș ȕȍȋȖ ȚȈ ȗȘȍȌȈȚȍȓȤșȒȈȧ țșȚȈȓȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȘȈȏȖȟȈȘȖȊȈ-
ȕȐȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȕȈȗȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȊȟȍȘȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ șȓț-
ȠȈȓ ȐȏȓȐȧȕȐȧ ǼȈȑ-Ǿȏȣȕȧ
Ǫ ȚȖȚ Ȏȍ ȌȍȕȤ, ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȒȈȘȈȊȈȕȖȔ ȊȍȏțȡȐȔ ȋȈȖȓȧȕ Ȑ
ȉȖȉȖȊȖȍ ȔȈșȓȖ Ȋ Ǽȣȕ-ǽțȈȕ-ǿȍȕ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ ȕȈ Ȧȋ Ȑ
Ȋ dzȧȖȧȕȍ ȋȌȍ șȖȊșȍȔ țȎȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȚȒȘȣȓȐ șȓȍȌ ȏȈȋȈȌȖȟȕȖȋȖ
DzȓȍȑȕȈ ȗȖȓțȟȈȦȡȍȋȖ ȗȘȍȌȗȐșȈȕȐȧ Ȗ ȠȗȐȖȕȈȎȍ ȖȚ ȒȖȋȖ-
ȚȖ ȒȚȖ ȔȍȚȐȓ șȊȖȐ ȗȐșȤȔȈ ȗȍȘȍȟȍȘȒȕțȚȖȑ ȌȊȈȎȌȣ ȉțȒȊȖȑ
«D», șȓȍȌ ȥȚȖȚ ȊȌȘțȋ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓșȧ, ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖ ȚȖȔț ȒȈȒ ȚȍȘȧȍȚșȧ
șȓȍȌ șȒȈȟțȡȍȑ ȓȖȠȈȌȐ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȐșȒțșȕȣȑ ȊșȈȌȕȐȒ ȗțșȚȐȓ
ȊȗȓȈȊȤ ȗȖ ȘȍȒȍ
ǪȖȓȤȜ șȚȈȘȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȐȏȉȍȋȈȓ dzȧȖȧȕȈ ǵȖ Ȗȕ ȖȉȢȍȏȎȈȓ Ȋșȍ
ȗțȕȒȚȣ ȋȌȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓȐșȤ ȖȚȌȍȓȍȕȐȧ ȐȓȐ ȈȋȍȕȚȣ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȖȋȖ
ȌȖȔȈ «ǨȘȚȐȋ Ȑ Ǫȍȑș» Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȝ ȜȐȘȔ ȗȖȓțȟȐȊȠȐȍ

91
ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȞȐȘȒțȓȧȘ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȖȋȖ ȗȖșȓȈ Ȋ ǷȍȒȐȕȍ
XVII
Ǫȍșȍȓȣȑ ȎȐȏȕȍȘȈȌȖșȚȕȣȑ ȒȈȒ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ǪȖȓȤȜ ȗȘȐȍȝȈȓ
Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌ Ȋ ȊȈȋȖȕȍ ȗȍȘȊȖȋȖ ȒȓȈșșȈ ǯȕȈȒȖȔȣȑ ȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒ șȚȈȕ-
ȞȐȐ ȗȘȐȊȍȚȓȐȊȖ ȒȖȏȣȘȕțȓ ȍȔț Ȑ ȐȏȊȖȏȟȐȒ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȊșȍȋȌȈ
ȊȖȏȐȓ ȐȕȎȍȕȍȘȈ ȜȐȘȔȣ «ǨȘȚȐȋ Ȑ Ǫȍȑș» ȗȖȌȈȓ ȗȘȖȓȍȚȒț Ȑ
ș ȋȐȒȖȔ Ȑ ȏȊȖȕȖȔ ȒȖȓȖȒȖȓȤȟȐȒȖȊ ȗȖȔȟȈȓ ȍȋȖ Ȓ ȏȌȈȕȐȦ ȚȖȘ-
ȋȖȊȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ
ǪȖȓȤȜȈ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȖȎȐȌȈȓ Ȋ ȔȈȋȈȏȐȕȍ Ȉ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȗȖȧȊȓȍ-
ȕȐȍ ȍȋȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȊșȚȘȍȟȍȕȖ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȉțȘȕȖȑ ȘȈȌȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȕȍ-
ȌȖțȔȍȕȐȧ ǭȋȖ ȖȉȕȐȔȈȓȐ ȘȈșșȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȓȐ ȊȖȌȐȓȐ ȚȖ Ȋ ȖȌȕț,
ȚȖ Ȋ ȌȘțȋțȦ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ǪȖȓȤȜ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ Ȗ ȊșȧȒȐȝ ȗțșȚȧȒȈȝ ȘȈș-
șȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ Ȗȉ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȣȝ ȗȖȌȘȧȌȈȝ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȗȕ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ Ȑ
Ȗȉ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȝ ȏȈȗȈșȈȝ ȝȓȍȉȈ Ȑ ȜțȘȈȎȈ ȏȈȒțȗȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȐȔ Ȋ
ǴȈȕȟȎțȘȐȐ ǸȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȧ ȖȉȖ ȊșȍȔ ȥȚȖȔ ș ȊȍșȍȓȖȑ ȉȍȏȏȈȉȖȚ-
ȕȖȑ țȓȣȉȒȖȑ ǪȖȓȤȜ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȗȍȘȍȔȍȕț ȗȘȖȐșȠȍȌ-
ȠțȦ Ȋ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȖȔ ȌȖȔȍ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȍȋȖ ȖȚșțȚșȚȊȐȧ
ǷȖȧȊȐȓȐșȤ ȕȖȊȣȍ ȓȐȞȈ
ǵȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȝ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȟȐȒȖȊ ȖȚȗțșȒȈȓȐ ȚȖȊȈȘ ȗȖ-
ȒțȗȈȚȍȓȧȔ Ȑ Ȋ ȒȈșșȍ șȐȌȍȓ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ǪȖȓȤȜ ȕȐȒȖ-
ȋȌȈ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓ Ȋ ȔȈȋȈȏȐȕȍ
— ȇ ȊȐȎț ȟȚȖ ț ȊȈș ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȕȖȊȖșȚȐ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȒȈȗȐ-
ȚȈȕ
— ǬȈ — ȗȘȍȕȍȉȘȍȎȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȊșȒȐȕțȊ ȗȓȍȟȐ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș
ȘȣȎȐȑ ȊȍșȕțȠȟȈȚȣȑ ǩȍȘȋȍȘ — ǹȚȈȘȣȑ ǪȖȚȈȕ șȖȠȍȓ ș țȔȈ
Ƕȕ ȕȈȕȐȔȈȍȚ ȘțșșȒȐȝ șȓțȎȈȡȐȝ Ǫ ȔȈȋȈȏȐȕȍ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȖȚȒȘȖ-
ȊȍȕȕȖ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȚȤ ǶșȚȈȍȚșȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȈȔ Ȓȓțȉ Ȑ ȚȍȕȕȐș
ȒțȌȈ Ȕȣ ȕȐȒȖȋȖ Ȑȏ ȥȚȐȝ ȘțșșȒȐȝ ȋȖșȗȖȌ ȗȖȕȧȚȕȖ ȕȍ ȗțș-
ȒȈȍȔ
— ǺȈ-ȈȒ — ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓ ǪȖȓȤȜ. — ȅȚȖ ȊȈȎȕȈȧ ȗȍȘȍȔȍȕȈ ȕȖ
ȧ ȌțȔȈȦ ȟȚȖ ǪȖȚȈȕ ȕȍ șȖȠȍȓ ș țȔȈ
ǪȖȓȤȜ ȍȡȍ ȘȈȏ șȒȖȓȤȏȕțȓ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ ȗȖ ȓȐ-
ȞȈȔ ȖȉșȚțȗȐȊȠȐȝ ȍȋȖ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȝ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȟȐȒȖȊ Ȑ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ
ȉȘȖșȐȓȐșȤ ȍȔț Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȑȝ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȑȕȣȍ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȣ Ȑ ȏȈșȚȣȊ-

92
ȠȐȧ ȏȈȋȈȌȖȟȕȣȍ țȓȣȉȒȐ ȓȦȌȍȑ șȒȘȣȊȈȦȡȐȝ ȊȈȎȕțȦ ȚȈȑ-
ȕț ǪȖȓȤȜ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ Ȋ ȚȍȝȕȐȟȍșȒȖȍ ȖȚȌȍȓȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȗȖ-
șȚțȟȈȓ Ȋ ȌȊȍȘȤ ǪȖȚȈȕȈ
ǵȍ ȖȎȐȌȈȧ ȖȚȊȍȚȈ Ȗȕ ȊȖȠȍȓ
— Ǩ-Ȉ — ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓ șȚȈȘȐȒ ȗȖȌȣȔȈȧșȤ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ șȚȖȓȈ —
ǫȖșȗȖȌȐȕ ǪȖȓȤȜ" ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȊȈș ȕȍȓȤȏȧ șȟȐȚȈȚȤ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ Ȑș-
ȗȘȈȊȕȣȔ șȓțȎȈȡȐȔ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ
— ǶșȚȈȊȤȚȍ ȕȍțȔȍșȚȕȣȍ ȠțȚȒȐ — ȘȍȏȒȐȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȖȉȖ-
ȘȊȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ — ǷȖ ȒȈȒȖȔț ȗȘȈȊț ȗȖȏȊȖȓȐȓȐ Ȋȣ șȍȉȍ
ȕȈȍȔ ȘțșșȒȐȝ șȓțȎȈȡȐȝ" ȅȚȖ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȖȋțȉȐȚȤ Ȋșȍ ȌȍȓȖ
ǽȖȓȖȌȕȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ǪȖȓȤȜȈ ȔȍȚȈȓȐ ȐșȒȘȣ Ƕȕ ȖȉȓȖȒȖȚȐȓșȧ
ȕȈ șȚȖȓ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȋȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȍȋȖ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈ șȚȈ-
ȘȐȒț
ǪȖȚȈȕ șȍȓ Ȑ ȖȚȒȐȕțȓșȧ Ȋ ȒȘȍșȓȍ ǵȈ ȓȐȞȍ ȍȋȖ ȊȣȘȈȎȍ-
ȕȐȍ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȑ ȕȍȕȈȊȐșȚȐ ȔȈȓȖ-ȗȖȔȈȓț șȔȍȕȧȓȖșȤ ȗȘȍȏȘȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖȑ țȓȣȉȒȖȑ
— ǴȖȓȖȌȣ Ȋȣ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ ǪȖȓȤȜ țȟȐȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ,
ȡțȘȧ ȋȓȈȏȈ șȚȈȘȐȒ
— ȇ ȊȈș șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȦ Ȋ șȐȓț ȚȖȋȖ ȞȐȘȒțȓȧȘȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ
ȉȣȓ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍȕ ȊȈȔ ȔȕȖȑ ȗȘȐ ȔȖȍȔ șȦȌȈ ȗȘȐȉȣȚȐȐ —
ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȔ ȚȖȕȖȔ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ǪȖȓȤȜ — ȇ ȚȘȍȉțȦ ȖȚ ȊȈș ȖȉȢȧș-
ȕȍȕȐȑ Ǫ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȐȌȍȚșȧ ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ Ȑȏ-
ȊȍșȚȐȚȤ Ȗ ȊȈȠȍȔ ȗȖȊȍȌȍȕȐȐ ȉȍȘȓȐȕșȒȖȍ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ
— ǽȖȘȖȠȖ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ǪȖȚȈȕ — ȇ ȊȈȔ ȗȖȒȈȎț ȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚ
ȕȈ ȖșȕȖȊȈȕȐȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȧ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȓ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȍȘȤȍȏ-
ȕțȦ ȘȍȜȖȘȔț ȊȖ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȍȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ ȕȖ ȗȖ-
ȚȖȔ ȧ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȦ ȏȈȌȈȚȤ Ȑ ȊȈȔ ȖȌȐȕ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȊȖȗȘȖș
ǫȖȊȖȘȧ ȥȚȖ ǪȖȚȈȕ ȖȚȒȘȣȓ ȧȡȐȒ șȚȖȓȈ Ȋȣȕțȓ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ
ȓȐșȚ ȉțȔȈȋȐ Ȑ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓ ȍȋȖ ǪȖȓȤȜț
DzȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȖȗțșȚȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȒȘȍșȓȖ Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȟȐ-
ȚȈȚȤ ȗȖȌȈȕȕțȦ ȍȔț ȉțȔȈȋț ȖȒȈȏȈȊȠțȦșȧ ȐȔȍȕȕȣȔ ȗȘȐȒȈ-
ȏȖȔ ȌȈȕȕȣȔ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȔ ȔȐȕȐșȚȘȖȔ  ȧȕȊȈȘȧ  ȋȖȌȈ ȚȖȘȋȖ-
ȊȖȔț ȌȖȔț «ǨȘȚȐȋ Ȑ Ǫȍȑș» Ȋ ȓȐȞȍ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȧ —ǪȖ-
ȚȈȕȈ Ǫ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȖșȤ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȗȘțșșȒȖȍ ȊȖȍȕȕȖȍ ȔȐ-
ȕȐșȚȍȘșȚȊȖ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓȖ șȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ ȉțȌȚȖ ȌȍȧȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ ȕȍȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȝ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȐȝ ȜȐȘȔ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓȈ ȕȈ șȍȉȧ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȘțșșȒȐȝ
ȊȓȈșȚȍȑ ǺȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȥȚȖ ȔȖȎȍȚ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȘȈȏȘțȠȐȚȤ Ȋșȍ ȗȓȈ-

93
ȕȣ Ȑ ȏȈȌȈȟȐ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȖȋȖ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ ȚȖ ȜȐȘȔȍ «ǨȘȚȐȋ
Ȑ Ǫȍȑș» ȗȘȍȌȗȐșȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ țȊȍȓȐȟȐȚȤ ȒȈȌȘȣ șȓț-
ȎȈȡȐȝ ȘțșșȒȐȔȐ ȗȖȌȌȈȕȕȣȔȐ Ǩ Ȋ Țȍȝ ȖȚȌȍȓȍȕȐȧȝ ȜȐȘȔȣ
ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ Ȍȓȧ ȖșȊȍȌȖȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȌȍȧȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ Ȍȓȧ
ȐșȗȖȓȕȍȕȐȧ ȗȖȘțȟȍȕȐȑ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȖȋȖ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ ȕȐȟȚȖȎ-
ȕȖ ȘȍȒȖȔȍȕȌțȍȚșȧ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȌȈȎȍ ȊȖ ȋȓȈȊȍ Ȑȝ ȘțșșȒȐȝ Ȏȍ
ȗȖȌȌȈȕȕȣȝ ǷȘȐ ȥȚȖȔ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȊȖȍȕȕȖȍ ȔȐȕȐșȚȍȘșȚȊȖ țȒȈ-
ȏȣȊȈȓȖ ȟȚȖ țȗȘȈȊȓȧȦȡȐȑ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ «ǨȘȚȐȋ Ȑ Ǫȍȑș»
ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȖȏȈȉȖȚȐȚȤșȧ ȚȍȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȗȘȐȋȓȈȠȍȕȕȣȍ Șțș-
șȒȐȍ șȓțȎȈȡȐȍ ȖȚȕȦȌȤ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȗȘȖȕȐȒȕțȚȤ Ȋ ȚȈȑȕțȦ Ȍȍȧ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ ȜȐȘȔȣ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȥȚȖȑ ȌȍȧȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤȦ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȌȖȘȖ-
ȎȐȚ ȗȘțșșȒȖȍ ȊȖȍȕȕȖȍ ȔȐȕȐșȚȍȘșȚȊȖ
ǪȖȓȤȜ ȗȘȖȟȐȚȈȓ ȉțȔȈȋț ȈȒȒțȘȈȚȕȖ șȓȖȎȐȓ ȍȍ ȊȟȍȚȊȍȘȖ
Ȑ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȚȐȓ ǪȖȚȈȕț
— ǶȚȓȐȟȕȖ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ — Ǫȣ ȗȖșȚțȗȐȓȐ ȗȘȈȊȐȓȤȕȖ
— ǵȍ șȖȔȕȍȊȈȦșȤ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȝȐȚȘȖ țȓȣȉȈȧșȤ ǪȖȚȈȕ —
Ǩ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȤȚȍ șȗȘȖșȐȚȤ ȊȈș" ǵȍ ȌțȔȈȍȚȍ ȓȐ Ȋȣ ȒȈȗȐ-
ȚȈȕ ȟȚȖ ȊȈȠȍ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȦȡȍȍ Ȑ ȗȖ ȔȍȕȤȠȍȑ ȔȍȘȍ ȕȍȓȦȉȍȏ-
ȕȖȍ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȍ ȝȖȚȧ Ȋȣ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȔȖȍ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ Ȋ
ȒȘȈȍ Ȑ Ȋ ȉȍȘȓȐȕșȒȐȝ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȒȘțȋȈȝ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȊȣȏȊȈȚȤ ș
ȔȖȍȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȘȍȏȒȐȑ ȖȚȗȖȘ" ǶȚȗȖȘ ȥȚȖȚ ȧ ȔȖȋ ȉȣ ȗȘȖȧȊȐȚȤ
Ȋ ȘȈȏȕȣȝ ȜȖȘȔȈȝ ȕȖ ȖȌȕȈ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȕȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ ȌȖșȚțȗȕȈ Ȑ Ȍȍȑ-
șȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȈ ȅȚȖ — ȌȖȕȖș
ǫȓțȝȖȍ ȔȖȓȟȈȕȐȍ ȊȖȞȈȘȐȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ
ǬȊȖȍ ȥȚȐȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȔȍȎȌț ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ Ȋșȍ șȚȈ-
ȘȈȕȐȧ Ȋ ǩȍȘȓȐȕȍ ȠȓȈ ȋȓțȝȈȧ ȉȖȘȤȉȈ ȚȘȍȉțȦȡȈȧ ȕȍȐȏȉȍȎ-
ȕȖȑ Ȑ ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȘȈȏȊȧȏȒȐ, ȗȖȕȧȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȘȈȏȊȧȏȒȈ ȥȚȈ ȕȍ-
ȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȈ ǰ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȋȓȈȏȈ șȚȈȘȖȋȖ ǪȖȚȈȕȈ ȊȐȌȍȊȠȍȋȖ Ȑ șȓȣ-
ȠȈȊȠȍȋȖ șȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȈȑȕ ȝȐȚȘȖșȚȍȑ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊ ȏȈ șȊȖȦ
ȌȖȓȋțȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓȐșȤ ș ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȔȐ Ȑ șȔȍȓȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈ-
ȔȐ ǪȖȓȤȜȈ Ȑ ȖȉȈ ȖȕȐ ȕȍ ȔȖȘȋȕțȓȐ ǴȖȓȟȈ ȗȘȐȕȧȓȐ ȖȕȐ
ȊȣȏȖȊ Ȑ ȗȖȕȧȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȉȖȘȤȉȈ ȕȈȟȈȓȈșȤ
ǷȖșȓȍ ȌȖȓȋȖȋȖ Ȑ ȚȧȎȍȓȖȋȖ ȔȖȓȟȈȕȐȧ ǪȖȓȤȜ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ
ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ȍȡȍ ȘȈȏ ȗȘȐșȚȈȓȤȕȖ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈ ǪȖȚȈȕȈ Ȑ
ȖȚȟȍȒȈȕȐȓ
— ǬȖȕȖș — ȖȚȓȐȟȕȈȧ ȊȍȡȤ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ ǪȖȚȈȕ ȇ ȖȌȖȉȘȧȦ
ȊȈȠ ȗȓȈȕ
ǹȒȈȏȈȊ ȥȚȖ Ȗȕ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȑ ȊȣȠȍȓ

94
XVIII
ǵȈ ȉȍȘȍȋȈȝ ǺȐȝȖȋȖ ȖȒȍȈȕȈ Ȑ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ Ȋ ȓȍșȈȝ Ȑ ȋȖȘȈȝ ǹȚȈ-
ȘȖȋȖ DzȐȚȈȧ ȚȈȔ ȋȌȍ Ȋ țȏȒȐȝ ȌȖȓȐȕȈȝ șȚȖȧȚ ȌȘȍȊȕȐȍ ȗȖȓț-
ȘȈȏȘțȠȍȕȕȣȍ ȝȘȈȔȣ ȖȒȘțȎȍȕȕȣȍ ȓȍșȈȔȐ ȊȧȏȖȊ Ȑ ȌțȉȖȊ ȋȌȍ
Ȋ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȓȍȗȕȣȝ ȘȈșȒȐȕțȊȠȐȝșȧ ȕȈ ȌȍșȧȚȒȐ ȊȍȘșȚ șȈȌȈȝ
ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȘȈșșȣȗȈȦȚșȧ șȓȖȎȍȕȕȣȍ Ȑȏ ȔȘȈȔȖȘȈ Ȑ ȋȘȈȕȐȚȈ
ȔȈȊȏȖȓȍȐ ȕȈȌ ȔȖȋȐȓȈȔȐ ȌȘȍȊȕȐȝ ǴȐȕȋȖȊ Ȑ ȓȍȋȍȕȌȈȘȕȣȝ
ȊȖȎȌȍȑ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȍȊ ȖȚȉȐȊȈȊȠȐȝ ȕȍȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȖȓȟȐȡȈ «ȗȘȐȠȍȓȤ-
ȞȍȊ ș ȔȖȘȧ», — ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȗȖȊșȦȌț ȋȘȍȔȍȓȐ ȖȘțȌȐȧ ȌȖȕȖșȐȓȐșȤ
ȖȚȋȖȓȖșȒȐ ȒȘȖȊȖȗȘȖȓȐȚȕȣȝ ȉȖȍȊ Ȑ șȚȖȕȣ ȘȈȕȍȕȣȝ Ȑ țȔȐ-
ȘȈȦȡȐȝ ǵȈȌ ȊșȗȍȕȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȊȖȓȕȈȔȐ ǺȐȝȖȋȖ ȖȒȍȈȕȈ ȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȑ ȊȐȌȍȓ țȎȈșȕȍȑȠțȦ Ȑȏ ȚȘȈȋȍȌȐȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȚȊȈ Ȑ ȕȈȌ ȗȓȖ-
ȌȖȘȖȌȕȣȔȐ ȘȈȊȕȐȕȈȔȐ ǴȈȕȟȎțȘȐȐ ȋȌȍ ȔȐȘȕȣȍ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȣ
ȍȡȍ ȊȟȍȘȈ ȊȖȏȌȍȓȣȊȈȓȐ șȊȖȐ ȗȖȓȧ șȈȎȈȧ ȊȖ ȊȏȘȣȝȓȍȕȕțȦ
ȏȍȔȓȦ ȗȠȍȕȐȞț ȋȈȖȓȧȕ Ȑ ȉȖȉȣ — ȚȈȔ ș ȊȖȍȔ Ȑ ȋȘȖȝȖȚȖȔ
ȗȘȖȕȖșȐȓȐșȤ șȕȈȘȧȌȣ Ȑ ȗȈȌȈȓ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ șȚȈȓȤȕȖȑ Ȑ șȊȐȕ-
ȞȖȊȣȑ ȌȖȎȌȤ
ǹ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȐȍȔ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȊȍșȤ ȔȐȘ ȕȈ ȊșȚȘȍȟț ȕȍȖȎȐ-
ȌȈȕȕȣȝ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȐȒȖȊ Ȉ ȕȈ ǬȈȓȤȕȍȔ ǪȖșȚȖȒȍ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ Ȑ
ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȟȈș ȗȘȐȕȖșȐȓȐ ȘȧȌ ȐȏȊȍșȚȐȑ ȚȖ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȣȝ ȕȈȗȖȓ-
ȕȧȊȠȐȝ șȍȘȌȞȈ ȋȖȘȌȖșȚȤȦ ȚȖ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȕȣȝ Ȑ ȗȍȟȈȓȤȕȣȝ ǶȚ
ȖșȚȈȊȠȐȝșȧ ȖȌȐȕȖȒȐȔȐ șȖȓȌȈȚșȒȐȝ Ȏȍȕ Ȑ ȌȖ ȊȣșȠȐȝ ȈȌȔȐ-
ȕȐșȚȘȈȚȖȘȖȊ ȒȘȈȧ — Ȋșȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȊȏȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȕȣ Ȑ ȖȉȍșȗȖȒȖȍȕȣ Ȑ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ Ȓȓțȉȍ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ «ǨȘȚȐȋ Ȑ Ǫȍȑș» ȋȌȍ șȖȉȐȘȈ-
ȓȐșȤ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȟȐȒȐ Ȑ ȒȓȍȘȒȐ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȥȚȖȑ ȜȐȘȔȣ ȕȖ Ȑ ȖȚ
«ǸȖȌȗȍȓȧ», «ǽȐȓȤȔȈȕșȈ», «ǬȈȕȋȍȓȐȌȍȘȈ» Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȝ
ȋȕȍȏȌ ȖȚȒțȌȈ ȊȣȗȖȓȏȓȐ ȏȔȍȐ ȗȘȍȌȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ Ȑ ȠȗȐȖȕșȚȊȈ
ȞȈȘȐȓȖ ȉȍșȠȈȉȈȠȕȖȍ ȊȍșȍȓȤȍ ǯȌȍșȤ ȘȈȌȖȊȈȓȐșȤ ȊșȧȒȖȑ ȕȍ-
țȌȈȟȍ ǸȖșșȐȐ Ȑ ȗȖȌșȟȐȚȣȊȈȓȐ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȧȡȐȍ ȖȚ ȊȖȑȕȣ Ȋȣ-
ȋȖȌȣ Ȍȓȧ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȐ
ǪȖȓȤȜ ȘȈȕȍȍ ȟȈșȚȖ ȉȣȊȈȊȠȐȑ Ȋ Ȓȓțȉȍ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȓ
ȗȖșȍȡȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ ǹȓțȟȈȑ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȍȕȐȧ ȏȈ DzȓȍȑȕȖȔ Ȋ dzȧȖȧȕȍ Ȑ
șȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ ȗȖȓțȟȍȕȕȣȍ ȗȘțșșȒȐȔ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȔ ȔȐȕȐșȚȍȘșȚȊȖȔ
șȐȓȤȕȖ ȖȉȍșȗȖȒȖȐȓȐ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖȋȖ ȝȖȚȧ Ȑ ȗȘȐȊȣȒȠȍȋȖ ȎȐȚȤ
ȕȈ ȊțȓȒȈȕȍ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ Ƕȕ Ȋșȍ ȟȈȡȍ Ȑ ȟȈȡȍ ȗȖȧȊȓȧȓșȧ Ȋ Șțș-
șȒȐȝ ȌȖȔȈȝ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȓ țȟȈșȚȐȍ Ȋ ȔȐȚȐȕȋȈȝ Ȑ ȘȈȏ ȌȈȎȍ ȗȘȖ-

95
ȟȍȓ ȓȍȒȞȐȦ Ȗ ȇȗȖȕȐȐ ȗȘȐȟȍȔ șȚȈȘȈȓșȧ ȊȣșȚȈȊȐȚȤ Ȋ ȕȍȊȣ-
ȋȖȌȕȖȔ șȊȍȚȍ ȌțȠȍȊȕȣȍ ȒȈȟȍșȚȊȈ ȧȗȖȕșȒȖȋȖ ȕȈȘȖȌȈ Ȑ ȕȈȘț-
ȠȍȕȐȍ ȍȋȖ ȈȘȔȐȍȑ ȔȍȎȌțȕȈȘȖȌȕȣȝ ȏȈȒȖȕȖȊ
ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ǪȖȓȤȜ ȏȕȈȓ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌȍ ȌȈȎȍ
ȉȖȓȤȠȍ — Ȗȕ ȏȕȈȓ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȍȚșȧ ȊȌȖȓȤ ȓȐȕȐȐ ȌȖȘȖȋȐ ȖȚ
ǽȈȉȈȘȖȊșȒȈ ȌȖ ǽȈȘȉȐȕȈ ȕȖ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ ȒȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ
ȗȖȓțȟȈȍȚ Ȗȕ ȚȈȒȐȍ ȚȖȟȕȣȍ șȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ
ǬȍȓȈȓȖșȤ Ȏȍ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ǰȕȎȍȕȍȘ ȜȐȘȔȣ «ǨȘȚȐȋ Ȑ Ǫȍȑș»
ȐȔȍȓ ȍȎȍȌȕȍȊȕȖ șȊȐȌȈȕȐȧ ȚȖ ș ǹȈȓȐșȖȔ ȀȊȈȉȍ ȚȖ ș ǵȖȝ-
ȊȐȞȒȐȔ DzȈȚȈȧșȤ ȊȍȘȝȖȔ ȋțȓȧȧ șȐȌȧ Ȋ ȘȍșȚȖȘȈȕȍ ȐȓȐ ȚȍȈȚ-
Șȍ ȖȕȐ ȗȍȘȍȒȐȌȣȊȈȓȐșȤ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȈ ȕȈ ȊȐȌ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ
ȕȍ ȏȕȈȟȈȡȐȔȐ șȓȖȊȈȔȐ ȝȖȚȧ ȖȕȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȖȓȕȣ Ȍȓȧ ȕȐȝ ȖșȚ-
ȘȖȋȖ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȈ Ȑ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȋȖ șȔȣșȓȈ ǷȖșȓȍ ȥȚȐȝ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȖȊ
ǪȖȓȤȜ ȕȍ ȘȈȏ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ ȍȝȈȓ Ȓ ǪȖȚȈȕț Ȑ ȖȕȐ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȕȐȔ
ȗȐșȈȓȐ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȔȔȣ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȖȔț ȗȖșȖȓȤșȚȊț Ȋ ǷȍȒȐȕȍ ȝȈȘ-
ȉȐȕșȒȖȔț ȒȖȕșțȓț ǴȦȓȓȍȘț ǼȘȐȞț ǪȐȓȤȉȘȈȕȌȚț Ȋ ǷȍȚȍȘ-
ȉțȘȋ Ȑ ȘȈȏȕȣȔ ȓȐȞȈȔ Ȋ ǩȍȘȓȐȕ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ Ȋ Ȑȝ ȈȌȘȍș ȗȖș-
ȓȈȕȣ ȌȊȍ ȔȈȠȐȕȣ ȐȓȐ, ȟȚȖ ȖȌȕȈ ȔȈȠȐȕȈ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȍȕȈ ȚȈ-
ȔȖȎȕȍȑ Ȉ ȌȘțȋȈȧ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚșȧ Ȋ ȗțȚȐ Ȓ ȈȌȘȍșȈȚț ȐȕȖȋȌȈ Țȍ-
ȓȍȋȘȈȜȐȘȖȊȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȐȔȐ ȗȖ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȖȑ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȖ
ȠȍșȚȤ ȧȡȐȒȖȊ ȔȍȓȒȖȋȖ ȚȖȊȈȘȈ Ȑ ȌȊȈ — ȒȘțȗȕȖȋȖ ȅȚȐ ȗȖ-
ȕȧȚȕȣȍ șȓȖȊȈ ȚȈȒȐȍ ȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ Ȍȓȧ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ ȊȍȌț-
ȡȍȋȖ ȖȉȠȐȘȕȣȍ ȌȍȓȈ ȗȖȟȚȐ șȖ ȊșȍȔȐ ȊȈȎȕȍȑȠȐȔȐ ȋȖȘȖ-
ȌȈȔȐ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ǺȐȝȖȖȒȍȈȕșȒȖȋȖ ȗȖȉȍȘȍȎȤȧ ȕȖ Ȑ ǭȊȘȖȗȣ
ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȊȖȏȉțȌȐȚȤ ȟȤȍȋȖ-ȓȐȉȖ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȍȕȐȧ ǶȌ-
ȕȈȒȖ șȓȖȊȈ ȥȚȐ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȖȉȖȏȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȒȖȓȐȟȍșȚȊȖ ȊȣȠȍȌȠȐȝ
ȐȓȐ ȊȍȘȕțȊȠȐȝșȧ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȝ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȍȑ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȏȐȔȣȝ ȗȖ Ȏȍ-
ȓȍȏȕȖȑ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ ȗȍȝȖȚȕȣȝ ȐȓȐ ȈȘȚȐȓȓȍȘȐȑșȒȐȝ ȟȈșȚȍȑ
ǪșȧȒȐȑ ȘȈȏ, ȗȖșȓȍ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȒȐ ȚȈȒȐȝ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȔȔ ǪȖȚȈȕ ș
ȕȍȕȈȊȐșȚȤȦ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȓ ȏȈȟȍȔ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕț ȗȖȕȈȌȖȉȐȓȖșȤ ȗȐ-
șȈȚȤ Ȑȝ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȉțȔȈȋȍ Ȑ ȗȖșȣȓȈȚȤ Ȑȝ ȕȈ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜ ș ȍȋȖ ȓȈ-
ȒȍȍȔ ǹȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȖȌȐȕȈȒȖȊȣȔ ȚȖȕȖȔ Ȑ ȖȌȕȐȔȐ Ȑ ȚȍȔȐ Ȏȍ
șȓȖȊȈȔȐ ǪȖȓȤȜ ȕȍȐȏȔȍȕȕȖ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓ
— ǬȖȕȖș — ȖȚȓȐȟȕȈȧ ȊȍȡȤ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ ǪȖȚȈȕ ȇ ȖȌȖȉȘȐȓ
ȊȈȠȐ ȕȈȔȍȘȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȧ ȖȚȓȐȟȕȖ ȗȖȔȕȦ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ǭșȓȐ Ȕȕȍ șțȎ-
ȌȍȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȗȖȊȍȠȍȕȕȣȔ ȚȖ Ȕȕȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȘȐȧȚȕȖ ȏȕȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ
ȉțȌȍȔ ȊȐșȍȚȤ ȘȧȌȖȔ

96
ǪȖȓȤȜ șțȝȖ șȔȍȧȓșȧ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȌ șȈȔȣȔ ȓȐȞȖȔ ǪȖȚȈȕȈ ȗȈȓȤ-
ȞȈȔȐ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȐȓ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȊȣȘȈȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧ ȖȚ ȟȍȋȖ
ț ǪȖȚȈȕȈ ȗȖ șȗȐȕȍ ȉȍȎȈȓ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȣȑ ȒȖȓȦȡȐȑ ȝȖȓȖȌȖȒ
ǪȖȚȈȕ ȕȍ ȘȈȏ țȎȍ ȏȈȌțȔȣȊȈȓșȧ ȕȈȌ ȚȍȔ ȟȚȖ ȕȈșȚȈȓȖ ȊȘȍ-
Ȕȧ ȐȏȉȈȊȐȚȤșȧ ȖȚ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ Ƕȕ ȌȖȓȋȖ șȖȊȍȡȈȓșȧ ș ǴȦȓȤ-
ȜȍȘȚȖȔ Ȑ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȖȉȈ ȌȘțȋȈ ȗȖȘȍȠȐȓȐ ȗȘȐ ȗȍȘȊȖȔ ȘȐșȒȖ-
ȊȈȕȕȖȔ ȗȖșȚțȗȒȍ ǪȖȓȤȜȈ ȌȖȕȍșȚȐ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ȊȓȈșȚȧȔ
ǹȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍȚȘțȌȕȖ Ǫ ȖȌȕȖȔ Ȑȏ ȌȖȔȖȊ ǪȖȚȈȕȈ
ȎȐȓ ȒȘțȗȕȣȑ ȟȐȕȖȊȕȐȒ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȈȔȍȒ-
ȕțȚȤ Ȗ ȘȖȓȐ ǪȖȓȤȜȈ ȕȈ ǬȈȓȤȕȍȔ ǪȖșȚȖȒȍ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ
ȉȣȓȐ ȗȘȐȕȧȚȣ ȔȍȘȣ ȒȈȒ ȓȦȉȐȓ ȊȣȘȈȎȈȚȤșȧ ȟȐȕȖȊȕȐȒ Ȓ
«ȐȏȢȧȚȐȦ» ǪȖȓȤȜȈ «Ȑȏ ȖȉȘȈȡȍȕȐȧ» ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ǪȖȓȤȜ ȗȘȍȌȊȐ-
Ȍȍȓ ȥȚȖ Ȑ Ȋȍȓ șȍȉȧ ȒȘȈȑȕȍ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖ Ƕȕ ȌȈȎȍ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȓ ȊșȚȘȍ-
ȟȈȚȤșȧ ș ǹȈȓȐșȖȔ ȀȊȈȉȍ Ȑ ǵȖȝȊȐȞȒȐȔ Ȑ ȞȍȓȣȔȐ ȌȕȧȔȐ
șȐȌȍȓ Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ șȓțȎȍȉȕȖȔ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚȍ ȋȌȍ șȖșȚȈȊȓȧȓ șȔȍȚȣ ȗȖ
ȏȈȒȈȏȈȔ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ ȐȓȐ ȗȐșȈȓ ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ șȚȈȚȤȦ Ȗ ȗȘȍ-
țȊȍȓȐȟȍȕȕȣȝ ȊȖȖȘțȎȍȕȐȧȝ ȒțȓȤȚțȘȕȣȝ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊ ȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȍ ȗȖ ȔȕȍȕȐȦ ȈȊȚȖȘȈ ȉȣȓȐ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍ ȕțȎȕȣ ȚȈȒ
ȒȈȒ ȞȍȓȤ ȊȖȑȕȣ șȖșȚȖȧȡȈȧ Ȋ țȓțȟȠȍȕȐȐ ȉȓȈȋȖșȖșȚȖȧȕȐȧ
ȕȈȘȖȌȖȊ ȕȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈ ǵȈțȒȈ Ȑ ȚȍȝȕȐȒȈ ȒȈȒ ȌȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ
ǪȖȓȤȜ ȌȈȊȕȖ țȎȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȧȚșȧ ȕȈ ȚȈȒȖȑ șȚȍȗȍȕȐ ȘȈȏȊȐȚȐȧ
ȟȚȖ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȦȚ ȔȐȘȕȣȔ ȗțȚȍȔ ȌȖșȚȐȋȕțȚȤ ȗȖȓȕȖȋȖ ȉȓȈȋȖ-
ȗȖȓțȟȐȧ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȓȐȟȕȖșȚȍȑ ȕȖ Ȑ Ȟȍȓȣȝ Ȗȉ-
ȡȍșȚȊ Ȑ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊ ǸȈȉȖȚȈ ȥȚȈ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȖȟȍȕȤ țȊȓȍ-
ȒȈȓȈ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȖȒȕȈȝ ȍȋȖ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚȈ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ
ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȌȖ ȗȖȏȌȕȍȑ ȕȖȟȐ șȊȍȚ ǶȒȘțȎȍȕȕȣȑ ȒȕȐȋȈȔȐ Ȑ Ȋȣ-
ȘȍȏȒȈȔȐ Ȑȏ ȋȈȏȍȚ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȖȋȖ ȜȓȖȚȈ ȘȐșȖȊȈȓ ȋȐ-
ȋȈȕȚșȒțȦ ȒȈȘȚȐȕț ȊȍȓȐȒȖȋȖ ȔȐȘȈ șȖȏȌȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȔȖȋțȟȍȑ șȐȓȖȑ
ȕȈțȒȐ Ȑ ȚȍȝȕȐȒȐ
ǪȖȚȈȕ ȗȘȐ ȗȖȔȖȡȐ ǴȦȓȤȜȍȘȚȈ țșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓ șȚȘȖȋȖȍ ȕȈ-
ȉȓȦȌȍȕȐȍ ȏȈ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȖȔ ȕȖ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȕȐ Ȓ ȟȍȔț ȕȍ ȗȘȐȊȍȓȖ
ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȗȖȊȍȌȍȕȐȍ ǪȖȓȤȜȈ ȕȍ ȊȕțȠȈȓȖ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȝ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȍ-
ȕȐȑ Ȉ șȈȔȖ ȖȉȘȈȡȍȕȐȍ ȍȋȖ ș ȋȓȈȊȖȑ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ șȌȍȓȈ-
ȓȖșȤ ȒȘȈȑȕȍ ȗȘȍȌțȗȘȍȌȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȏȈȐșȒȐȊȈȦȡȐȔ
ǪȖȚȈȕȈ ȥȚȖ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȐȓȖ Ȑ ȗȍȟȈȓȐȓȖ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȟȚȖ
țșȒȖȓȤȏȈȦȚ ȗȖȊȖȌȣ ȖȚȌȍȓȈȚȤșȧ ȖȚ ǪȖȓȤȜȈ
ǵȖ șȓțȟȈȑ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȗȖȔȖȋ ȍȔț

97
ǩȣȓ țȎȍ ȜȍȊȘȈȓȤ ǫȓȈȊȕȈȧ ȒȖȕȚȖȘȈ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ «ǨȘ-
ȚȐȋ Ȑ Ǫȍȑș» șȗȍȠȕȖ șȖșȚȈȊȓȧȓȈ ȋȖȌȐȟȕȣȑ ȖȚȟȍȚ Ȑ ǪȖȚȈȕ ș
țȚȘȈ Ȑ ȌȖ ȗȖȏȌȕȍȋȖ ȊȍȟȍȘȈ ȉȣȓ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȏȈȕȧȚ DzȘȖȔȍ ȒȖȕȚȖȘ-
șȒȖȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ ȍȔț ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȖșȤ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȘȈȏȢȍȏȎȈȚȤ ȗȖȓțȟȈȚȤ
ȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ ȗȖȌȘȧȌȣ Ȑ ȏȈȒȈȏȣ Ȑ ȊȍșȚȐ ȉȖȘȤȉț ș ȘțșșȒȐȔȐ ȜȐȘ-
ȔȈȔȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ șȚȈȘȣȑ ǪȖȚȈȕ ȊșȍȔȐ șȗȖșȖȉȈȔȐ șȚȈȘȈȓșȧ ȗȖ-
ȔȍȠȈȚȤ țȒȘȍȗȐȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȘțșșȒȖȑ ȖȒȘȈȐȕȍ
ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȑȏ ǽȈȉȈȘȖȊșȒȈ
ȍȔț ȗȖȌȈȓȐ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȔȔț ǪȖȚȈȕ ȗȘȖȟȐȚȈȓ ȍȍ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȗȖȒȘȈș-
ȕȍȓ ȖȚ ȘȈȌȖșȚȐ Ȉ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȏȓȖȘȈȌȕȖ ȗȖȚȐȘȈȚȤ ȘțȒȐ
Ƕȕ ȗȖȏȊȖȕȐȓ Ȓ ȟȐȕȖȊȕȐȒț ȎȐȊȠȍȔț Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȌȖȔȍ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ
ȍȔț
— ȅȚȖ Ȋȣ ț ȚȍȓȍȜȖȕȈ ǷȈȊȍȓ ǷȈȊȓȖȊȐȟ" ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȓ ȊȈȔ ȉȖȓȤ-
ȠȖȍ Ȑ ȊȈȎȕȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ ȇ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȕȈȌȍȦșȤ ȕȈ ȊȈȠȍ șȖȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍ
Ȑ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȊȈȔ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȔ ȔȖȎȍȚ
ȖȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȉȓȈȋȖȚȊȖȘȕȖȍ ȊȓȐȧȕȐȍ ȕȈ ȊȈȠț șȓțȎȍȉȕțȦ ȒȈȘȤȍ-
Șț ǵȍȚ ǵȍȚ ȇ ȊȈȔ ȗȖșȓȍ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ șȒȈȎț ȗȖ ȚȍȓȍȜȖȕț ȕȍ-
țȌȖȉȕȖ ȇ ȉțȌț ț ȊȈș ȖȒȖȓȖ ȌȍșȧȚȐ ȟȈșȖȊ ȊȍȟȍȘȈ
ǶȚȖȑȌȧ ȖȚ ȚȍȓȍȜȖȕȈ ǪȖȚȈȕ ȍȡȍ ȘȈȏ ȗȘȖȉȍȎȈȓ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȔ-
Ȕț ǺȈȑȕȣȑ șȖȊȍȚȕȐȒ ǫȐȕȞȍ Ȑȏ ǷȍȒȐȕȈ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜȐȘȖȊȈȓ ȚȖȘ-
ȋȖȊȖȔț ȌȖȔț «ǨȘȚȐȋ Ȑ Ǫȍȑș» șȓȍȌțȦȡȍȍ
«ǰȕȎȍȕȍȘ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ ǪȖȓȤȜ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔ Ȍȓȧ șȊȐ-
ȌȈȕȐȧ ș ȒȘțȗȕȣȔ ȏȈȒȈȏȟȐȒȖȔ Ȋ țȘȖȟȐȡȍ “ǹȓȈȊȧȕȒȈ” ȋȌȍ
ȜȐȘȔȈ țȎȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȐȓȈ ȓȍȚȖȔ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ».
ǪȖȚȈȕ ȊȣȏȊȈȓ Ȓ șȍȉȍ ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ǪȖȓȤȜȈ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȓ ȍȔț
ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȔȔț
— ȇ ȚȖȎȍ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ ȥȚț ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȔȔț — ȏȈȌțȔȟȐȊȣȔ ȋȖ-
ȓȖșȖȔ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ — ȇ ȕȍ șȖȊșȍȔ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦ Ȋ ȟȍȔ ȚțȚ
ȌȍȓȖ ȕȖ ȌȖȋȈȌȣȊȈȦșȤ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȊȈȎȕȖȍ Ȑ șȗȍȠȕȖȍ Ȉ
ȗȖȚȖȔț ȧ ȏȈȊȚȘȈ Ȏȍ ȊȣȍȏȎȈȦ
ǫȓȈȏȈ ǪȖȚȈȕȈ ȉȓȍșȕțȓȐ
«ǯȈȊȚȘȈ" — ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ Ȗȕ — ǯȈȊȚȘȈ Țȣ ȉțȌȍȠȤ ȚȈȔ ȖȚȒțȌȈ
Țȍȉȧ ȕȍ șȗȈșȍȚ ȕȐ ǫȐȕȞȍ ȕȐ șȈȔ ȊșȍșȐȓȤȕȣȑ ȗȘțșșȒȐȑ ȊȖȍȕ-
ȕȣȑ ȔȐȕȐșȚȘ»
ǸȖȊȕȖ Ȋ ȌȍȊȧȚȤ ȟȈșȖȊ ǪȖȚȈȕ ȍȝȈȓ Ȓ ȟȐȕȖȊȕȐȒț ǿțȊșȚȊȖ
ȔșȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȏȓȖȉȣ ȗȖȌșȒȈȏȈȓȖ ȍȔț ȔȣșȓȤ ȏȈȍȝȈȚȤ Ȓ ǪȖȓȤ-
Ȝț Ȑ ȍȡȍ ȘȈȏ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȐșȗȖȘȚȐȊȠȍȋȖ
ȍȔț șȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȘȖȊȐ Ȑ ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȖ ȘȈȏȌȘȈȎȈȊȠȍȋȖ ȍȋȖ Ȉ Țȍ-

98
ȗȍȘȤ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȉȍȏȖȗȈșȕȖȋȖ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȋȖ Ȑ ȏȈȊȚȘȈ țȎȍ ȕȍ șțȡȍșȚ-
ȊțȦȡȍȋȖ
ǷȖȌȢȍȏȎȈȧ Ȓ ȌȖȔț ȋȌȍ ȎȐȓ ǪȖȓȤȜ ǪȖȚȈȕ țȓȣȉȕțȓșȧ
țȊȐȌȍȊ șȊȍȚ Ȋ ȖȒȕȈȝ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘȣ, Ȑ ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȌ ȖȚȢȍȏȌȖȔ ȐȓȐ ȏȈȊȖȌȐȚ ȗȖȘȧȌȒȐ Ȋ șȊȖȐȝ ȉțȔȈȋȈȝ Ȑ ȏȈȗȐș-
ȕȣȝ ȒȕȐȎȒȈȝ, ȐȓȐ Ȏȍ ȗȐȠȍȚ șȊȖȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȚȘțȌ Ȗ ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȐ
ȚȍȝȕȐȒȐ Ȑ ȕȈțȒȐ Ȋ ȊȖȗȘȖșȈȝ ȔȐȘȈ
Ƕȕ ȗȖȏȊȖȕȐȓ ț ȗȖȌȢȍȏȌȈ.
ǭȔț ȖȚȒȘȣȓ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȉȖȑ ȖȌȍȚȣȑ ȊȖ Ȋșȍ ȉȍȓȖȍ Ȑ ș ȟȍȘȕȖȑ
ȒȖșȖȑ ȖȉȔȖȚȈȕȕȖȑ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȋȓȈȌȒȖ ȊȣȉȘȐȚȖȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ
— DzȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ ȕȍȚ ȌȖȔȈ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ ȎȍȓȈȊȠȍȔț ȊȖȑȚȐ Ȋ
ȗȍȘȍȌȕȦȦ ǪȖȚȈȕț — DzȈȗȐȚȈȕ țȍȝȈȓ. șȖȊșȍȔ țȍȝȈȓ
ǪȖȚȈȕ ȍȌȊȈ ȕȍ țȗȈȓ Ƕȕ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ ǪȖȓȤȜ ȗȘȍȌțȗȘȍȌȐȓ
ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ țȉȍȌȐȊȠȐșȤ Ȋ ȕȈȔȍȘȍȕȐȧȝ ǪȖȚȈȕȈ ȗȘȍȌȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ
ȗȘȍȌȗȘȐȔȍȚ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȘȧȌ ȚȈȒȐȝ ȠȈȋȖȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȉȍȏțșȓȖȊ-
ȕȖ ȗȖȋțȉȧȚ ǪȖȚȈȕȈ Ȉ ș ȕȐȔ ȊȔȍșȚȍ Ȑ ȔȖȋțȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕțȦ ȜȐȘ-
Ȕț ȒȈȒȖȑ ȉȣȓ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȣȑ ȌȖȔ «ǨȘȚȐȋ Ȑ Ǫȍȑș» ȌȍȘȎȈȊȠȐȑ Ȋ
șȊȖȐȝ ȞȍȗȒȐȝ ȓȈȗȈȝ ȒȈȒ ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒȐȑ ȗȈțȒ ȊșȦ ȖȋȘȖȔȕțȦ
ȖȒȘȈȐȕț Ȑ ȖȊȓȈȌȍȊȠȐȑ ȊșȍȔȐ ȕȐȚȧȔȐ ȔȍșȚȕȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ǷȘȐ-
ȕȐȎȍȕȕȣȑ Ȑ țȋȕȍȚȍȕȕȣȑ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ǪȖȚȈȕ Ȓ șȍȉȍ Ƕȕ ȌȖȓȋȖ
ȖȉȌțȔȣȊȈȓ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ȕȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȒȈȒȖȔ-
ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȗȓȈȕȍ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȑ
— ǵȈȌȖ ȗȖȌȖȎȌȈȚȤ ȊȖȏȘȈȡȍȕȐȧ ǪȖȓȤȜȈ — Ƞȍȗȕțȓ Ȗȕ
— Ȑ ȚȖȋȌȈ șȘȈȏț Ȏȍ ȘȈȏȌȍȓȈȚȤșȧ ș ȕȐȔ
Ǩ Ȋ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȋ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘȍ ǹȈȓȐșȈ ȀȊȈȉȍ ȏȈ ȟȈȑȕȣȔ șȚȖ-
ȓȖȔ șȐȌȍȓȐ ȚȘȖȍ ȓȦȌȍȑ ǹȈȓȐș ȀȊȈȉȍ Ȑ ǵȖȝȊȐȞȒȐȑ ȝȖȝȖ-
ȚȈȓȐ ȌȖ țȗȈȌț ȋȓȧȌȧ ȕȈ șȐȌȍȊȠȍȋȖ ȏȈ șȚȖȓȖȔ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȈ ȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȑ ȕȍȓȍȗȖ șȒȈȓȐȓ ȏțȉȣ Ȑ ȡțȘȐȓ șȊȍȚȓȣȍ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ
— DzȖȋȌȈ Ȋ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȝ ȊȖȑșȒȈȝ ȉțȌțȚ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȐȍ ȐȕșȚȘțȒ-
ȚȖȘȣ ȚȖ ȖȕȐ Ȋșȍ ȉțȌțȚ ȗȖȝȖȎȐ ȕȈ ȊȈș ȌȖȘȖȋȖȑ ǪȖȓȤȜ —
ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȘțȔȧȕȣȑ ȗțȝȓȣȑ ȀȊȈȉȍ
Ǩ ǵȖȝȊȐȞȒȐȑ ȗȘȖȚȧȋȐȊȈȧ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕț ȘȦȔȒț ȒȖȕȤȧȒȈ Ȑ
ȗȖȌȈȊȈȧ ȕȈ ȉȓȦȌȍȟȒȍ ȓȖȔȚȐȒȐ ȓȐȔȖȕȈ ȋțșȚȖ ȗȖșȣȗȈȕȕȖȋȖ
șȈȝȈȘȖȔ ȝȖȝȖȚȈȓ Ȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ
— ǻ ȊȈș ȊȐȌ ȗȖ ȔȍȕȤȠȍȑ ȔȍȘȍ ȞȏȧȕȤ-ȞȏȦȕȧ
DzȖȋȌȈ ǪȖȚȈȕ ȔțȟȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȚȍȘȏȈȓșȧ ȗȘȍȌȟțȊșȚȊțȧ ȊȘȈȎȌȍȉ-
ȕȖȍ ȊȣșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȍ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ ǪȖȓȤȜ țȎȍ ȊȣȍȏȎȈȓ Ȑȏ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ
Ȑ ȗȖ ȉȍȘȍȋț ǨȔțȘșȒȖȋȖ ȏȈȓȐȊȈ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȗȖȌȊȐȋȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț

99
țȘȖȟȐȡȈ «ǹȓȈȊȧȕȒȈ».
Ƕȕ ȉȓȈȋȖȗȖȓțȟȕȖ ȗȘȐȉȣȓ Ȋ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȑ ȗȖșȍȓȖȒ ȕȈ ȘȍȒȍ
ǹțȑ-Ǽțȕ ȊȗȈȌȈȦȡȍȑ Ȋ ǨȔțȘșȒȐȑ ȏȈȓȐȊ Ȑ ȖȚșȦȌȈ șȖȊȍȘȠȐȓ
ȥȒșȒțȘșȐȦ Ȋ Țț ȉțȝȚț ȋȌȍ ȐșȚȍȒȠȐȔ ȓȍȚȖȔ șȚȖȧȓȈ ȉȈȘȒȈ ȝțȕ-
ȝțȏșȒȖȋȖ ȊȖȎȈȒȈ Ǵȣȑ-dzȐ ǷȘȖȎȐȊ Ȋ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȍ ȌȊȈ Ȍȕȧ ȒȈȗȐ-
ȚȈȕ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ ș ȖȚȣșȒȈȊȠȐȔ ȍȋȖ, ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȔ ȍȔț ȒȐȚȈȑȞȍȔ
ȒȖȘȖȚȍȕȤȒțȦ ȏȈȗȐșȒț Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȑ ȒȖȘȘȍșȗȖȕ-
ȌȍȕȚ ȗȐșȈȓ
«ǯȈȊȚȘȈ ǵȖȟȤ ǴȖȘȍ ǯȕȈȒȖȔȣȑ».
ǰ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȈ șȓȍȌțȦȡțȦ ȕȖȟȤ șȚȖȧȊȠȐȑ ȕȈ Ȕȣ-
șȍ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ țȝȖȌȧȡȍȔ Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ ǪȖȓȤȜ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȕȈ ȋȖȘȐȏȖȕȚȍ
șȊȍȘȒȕțȊȠȐȑ ȖȋȖȕȍȒ Ƕȕ Ȋșȗȣȝȕțȓ ȓȐȠȤ ȕȈ ȖȌȕȖ ȔȋȕȖȊȍ-
ȕȐȍ Ȑ ȗȖȚțȝ ȕȣȘȕțȊ Ȋ ȚȍȔȕȖȚț ǬȖ ȟțȚȒȖȋȖ șȓțȝȈ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ
ȌȖȕȍșșȧ ȘȈȊȕȖȔȍȘȕȣȑ șȚțȒ ȚȐȝȖ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȊȠȍȑ ȔȈȠȐȕȣ Ȑ Ȋșȍ
ȧȊșȚȊȍȕȕȍȍ Ȑ ȧȊșȚȊȍȕȕȍȍ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ȠțȔ ȚȧȎȍȓȖȑ ȝȖȓȖȌ-
ȕȖȑ ȊȖȌȣ ȘȈșșȍȒȈȍȔȖȑ ȖșȚȘȣȔ ȕȖșȖȔ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȧȡȍȋȖ Ȓ ȉȍȘȍ-
ȋț șțȌȕȈ ǪșȒȖȘȍ ȊȖ ȔȘȈȒȍ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȒȓțȉȐȚȤșȧ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ ȗȘȐȏ-
ȘȈȒȐ șȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȔȧȋȒȐȍ Ȑ ȉȍșȜȖȘȔȍȕȕȣȍ Ȉ ȏȈȚȍȔ Ȋșȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ Ȑ
ȉȖȓȍȍ ȖȚȟȍȚȓȐȊȣȍ Ȑ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȣȍ ǵȈ ȒȓȖȟȒȍ ȗȘȖșȊȍȚȓȍȊ-
ȠȖȋȖ ȕȍȉȈ ȏȈȟȍȘȕȍȓȐ ȔȈȟȚȣ Ȑ ȊȍȘȝȕȧȧ Șȍȧ ȕȈ ȋȘȖȚȍ ȋȐ-
ȋȈȕȚșȒȐȍ ȚȘțȉȣ ȕȈȌ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ ȕȈ ȕȐȎȕȍȑ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȐ ȋȓț-
ȠȐȚȍȓȧ ȐȋȘȈȓȐ ȉȈȋȘȖȊȣȍ ȖȚșȊȍȚȣ ȋȖȘȧȡȍȋȖ Ȋ ȚȖȗȒȈȝ țȋȓȧ
ǷȘȐȏȘȈȒ ȖȒȈȏȈȊȠȐȑșȧ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȔ șțȌȕȖȔ ȖșȚȈȕȖ-
ȊȐȓșȧ ǷȖșȓȣȠȈȓșȧ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȐȑ ȉȖȞȔȈȕșȒȐȑ șȊȐșȚȖȒ ȓȧȏȋ Ȟȍ-
ȗȐ Ȑ ȊȐȏȎȈȕȐȍ ȉȓȖȒȈ ȗȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț șȗțșȒȈȓșȧ ȚȘȈȗ ǪșȒȖȘȍ
Ȓ ȉȍȘȍȋț ȗȖȌȖȠȓȈ ȠȍșȚȐȊȍșȍȓȤȕȈȧ ȠȓȦȗȒȈ ǵȈ ȉȍȘȍȋ Ȋȣ-
Ƞȍȓ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȖȌȍȚȣȑ Ȋ ȚȖȓșȚȖȍ ȔȍȝȖȊȖȍ ȗȈȓȤȚȖ Ȑ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ
Ȓ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕț
ǺȖȚ ȗȘȐșȚȈȓȤȕȖ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ Ȋ ȓȐȞȖ ȗȘȐȉȣȊȠȍȋȖ Ȑ ȊșȒȘȐȒ-
ȕțȓ ȖȚ ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȐȧ
— ǨȌȔȐȘȈȓ ǻȘȐț" ǯȌȍșȤ" Ǫ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ"
— ȇ ȊȍȌț — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ǻȘȐț — ȟȍȚȣȘȍ ȒȘȍȑșȍȘȈ Ȑ ȉțȌț
ȉȖȔȉȈȘȌȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ ȊȈȠ ȋȖȘȖȌ ȇ ȖșȚȈȊȓȦ ȊȈȔ ȏȈȗȈș ȞȍȔȍȕȚȈ Ȑ
ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȣ ȗȘȐ ȗȈȘȖȊȖȔ ȒȈȚȍȘȍ Ȑ ȌȊțȝ ȠȓȦȗ-
ȒȈȝ Ȉ Ȋȣ ȌȖȒȖȕȟȐȚȍ ȕȈ ȘȍȑȌȍ Țț ȘȈȉȖȚț ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȚȈȒ țȌȈȟȕȖ
ȉȣȓȈ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȈ ȊȈȔȐ Ȑ ǹȈȓȐșȖȔ ȀȊȈȉȍ ȓȍȚȖȔ ǷȖȔȕȐȚȍ
ȟȚȖ ȗȖȒȈ ȧ ȉțȌț ȉȖȔȉȈȘȌȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ ȋȖȘȖȌ ȏȌȍșȤ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȊȣȘȈ-
șȚȐ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȗȖ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȕȐȦ ȊȖȓȠȍȉȕȐȒȈ șȒȈȓȈ

ǷțșȚȤ ȉțȌȍȚ șȒȘȣȚȈ ȖȕȈ ȗȖȌ ȊȖȓȕȈȔȐ ȊȍȟȕȖ ȊșȚȘȍȊȖȎȍȕ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȔȖȘȧ ȕȖ ȗțșȚȤ ȖȕȈ ȉțȌȍȚ ȊȍȘȕȖȑ șȖȦȏȕȐȞȍȑ ȕȈȠȍȑ
— ǹȓțȠȈȦ — ȒȖȘȖȚȒȖ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ǪȖȓȤȜ Ȑ ȌȖȉȈȊȐȓ — ǷȖ
ȖȒȖȕȟȈȕȐȐ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ ȧ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȉțȌț ȗȘȖșȐȚȤ ȊȈș ȌȖșȚȈȊȐȚȤ Ȕȍ-
ȕȧ Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȗȖȘȚ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ Ȕȕȍ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȊȖȏ-
ȊȘȈȡȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌ Ǵȕȍ țȋȘȖȎȈȍȚ ȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȤ
ǷȖșȓȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȈ Ȋ ȉțȝȚț ȊșȒȖȘȍ ȊȖȠȍȓ ȗȈȘȖȊȖȑ ȒȈ-
ȚȍȘ ȊȍȌȧ ȕȈ ȉțȒșȐȘȍ ȌȊȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȝ ȊȖșȤȔȐȊȍșȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȊȍȓȤ-
ȉȖȚȈ ș ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤȦ ȔȈȚȘȖșȈȔȐ ǪșȒȖȘȍ ȊȉȓȐȏȐ ȉȍȘȍȋȈ ȖȌȐȕ ȏȈ
ȌȘțȋȐȔ ȗȘȖȠȓȐ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ ȒȘȍȑșȍȘȈ ȖȚȘȧȌȈ ȈȌȔȐȘȈȓȈ ǻȘȐț
ǶȕȐ ȠȓȐ ș ȗȖȚțȠȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȖȋȕȧȔȐ Ȑ ȗȖȌȒȘȈȌȣȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȓ ȋȖȘȖ-
Ȍț ȚȐȝȐȔ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȍșȓȣȠȕȣȔ ȝȖȌȖȔ Ǫșȧ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȕȈ
ȔȍșȚȈȝ Ȉ Ȋ ȉȖȍȊȖȑ ȘțȉȒȍ ȋȖȓȖȊȕȖȋȖ șțȌȕȈ ȈȌȔȐȘȈȓ ǻȘȐț țȎȍ
șȖșȚȈȊȓȧȓ ȗȓȈȕ ȉȖȔȉȈȘȌȐȘȖȊȒȐ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ Ȑ ș ȒȖȘȔȣ ȍȋȖ șțȌȕȈ
șȐȋȕȈȓȤȡȐȒ ȒȘȈșȕȣȔ ȜȖȕȈȘȍȔ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȊȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȘȈșȗȖȘȧȎȍ-
ȕȐȧǿțȚȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȏȈȕȧȓȈșȤ ȏȈȘȧ ǪȖȓȤȜ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȚȤ ǴȈ-
ȚȘȖșȣ ȉȍșȠțȔȕȖ ȖȗțșȒȈȓȐ Ȋ ȊȖȌț ȔȍȠȒȐ ș ȞȍȔȍȕȚȖȔ ȗȍȘȍ-
ȔȍȠȈȕȕȣȔ ș ȔȍȓȒȐȔ ȒȈȔȕȍȔ Ȑ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȌȖ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖ-
șȚȐ ȊȖȌȣ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȒȖȓȖ șȈȎȍȕȐ ǪȖȓȤȜ ȗȘȍȒȘȈ-
ȚȐȓ ȘȈȉȖȚț ǷȖȟȚȐ ȖȌȕȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ ș ȥȚȐȔ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȕȐȍȔ
ȖȚȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ ȐȏȌȈȓȍȒȈ ȗȖ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȐ ȔȖȘȧ ȌȖȒȈȚȐȓșȧ ȋȓțȝȖȑ
țȌȈȘ ǪȖȓȤȜ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ ȈȌȔȐȘȈȓ ǻȘȐț ȖȚȒȘȣȓ ȖȋȖȕȤ ȗȖ ȋȖ-
ȘȖȌț ǶȌȐȕ ȏȈ ȌȘțȋȐȔ ȘȈȏȌȈȊȈȓȐșȤ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȣ ȕȖ ȋȖȘȖȌ ȔȖȓ-
ȟȈȓ ǪșȒȖȘȍ șȚȘȍȓȤȉȈ ȗȘȍȒȘȈȚȐȓȈșȤ Ȑ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȔȣșȈ șȒȘȣȊȈȦ-
ȡȖȋȖ ȐȏȋȐȉ ȏȈȓȐȊȈ ȗȖȓȕȣȔ ȝȖȌȖȔ ȊȣȠȓȐ șȚȘȍȓȧȊȠȐȍ ȗȖ
ȋȖȘȖȌț ȒȘȍȑșȍȘȈ Ȑ țȒȓȖȕȧȧșȤ Ȓ șȍȊȍȘț ȖȚ ȖȉȣȟȕȖȋȖ ȘȍȑȌȈ
ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȐșȤ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ «ǹȓȈȊȧȕȒȐ» Ȑ ȗȘȐȕȧȓȐ ȕȈ ȉȖȘȚ ȌȊȈ
ȊȍȓȤȉȖȚȈ Ȑ ȗȈȘȖȊȖȑ ȒȈȚȍȘ Ȉ ș ȕȐȔȐ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ ȋȍȘ-
ȔȈȕșȒȖȋȖ ȜȓȖȚȈ ȐȕȎȍȕȍȘȈ ǪȖȓȤȜȈ șȓțȎȐȊȠȍȋȖ Ȋ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȖȔ
ȌȖȔȍ «ǨȘȚȐȋ Ȑ Ǫȍȑș».
ǹȌȍȓȈȊȠȐȍ ȕȈȉȍȋ ȒȘȍȑșȍȘȈ ȗȖȓȕȣȔ ȝȖȌȖȔ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȓȐșȤ
Ȓ Ȧȋț Ȓ ȈȘȍȕȍ ȋȘȧȌțȡȐȝ ȊȈȎȕȣȝ șȖȉȣȚȐȑ
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101
XIX
ǶșȚȈȊȠȐșȤ ȖȌȐȕ șȚȈȘȣȑ ǪȖȚȈȕ ȗȖșȚȍȗȍȕȕȖ țșȗȖȒȈȐȊȈȓ-
șȧ ǵȐȒȚȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȍ ȘȈȏȌȘȈȎȈȓ ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȕȐȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȐȓȖ
ǷȖ-ȗȘȍȎȕȍȔț Ȋșȍ ȗȐșȤȔȈ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȐȔȧ Ȑ
ȒȈȎȌȖȍ țȚȘȖ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓ Ȗȕ ȊșȦ ȗȍȘȍȗȐșȒț ȕȈ șȊȖȍȔ șȚȖȓȍ ǯȌȍșȤ
ȉȣȓȐ ȗȐșȤȔȈ ȖȚ ȘȈȏȕȣȝ ȜȐȘȔ ȒȖȔȔȍȘȟȍșȒȐȝ ȗȖșȘȍȌȕȐȒȖȊ
Ȑ ȒȖȔȔȐȊȖȧȎȍȘȖȊ ȕȖ ȚțȚ Ȏȍ ȗȖȗȈȌȈȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȗȐșȤȔȈ ȕȈȗȐ-
șȈȕȕȣȍ ȕȈ ȖșȖȉȖȑ ȚȖȓșȚȖȑ ȉțȔȈȋȍ Ȑ șȖȌȍȘȎȈȊȠȐȍ ȘȈȏȓȐȟ-
ȕȣȍ ȊȖȗȘȖșȣ Ȗ ȔȈȠȐȕȈȝ ȒȖȓȐȟȍșȚȊȍ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȝ Ȑ Ȗ șȘȖȒȈȝ ȖȚ-
ȗȘȈȊȒȐ ȏȈȒȈȏȈȕȕȣȝ ȋȘțȏȖȊ ȅȚȐ ȗȐșȤȔȈ ȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȓȐșȤ ȖșȖ-
ȉȍȕȕȣȔ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍȔ ǪȖȚȈȕȈ Ȑ șȐȌȧ Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ ȘȈȉȖȟȍȔ ȒȈȉȐ-
ȕȍȚȍ Ȗȕ ȟȈșȚȖ ȗȖȌȖȓȋț ȘȈȏȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȓ ȕȈ șȊȍȚ ȥȚȐ ȚȖȓșȚȣȍ ȓȐ-
șȚȣ ȉțȔȈȋȐ Ȑ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓ ȕȈ ȖȌȕȐȝ ȚȘȐ țșȓȖȊȕȣȍ ȚȖȟȒȐ Ȋ ȗȘȈ-
ȊȖȔ țȋȓț ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȐȝ — ȉțȒȊț S. ȐȓȐ Dz ȚȖ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖ ȏȈȟȍȘȒ-
ȕțȚțȦ Ȋ ȚȘȍȚȤȍȑ șȚȘȖȒȍ ȉțȒȊț Ǩ ȚȖ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȗȖ ȖȠȐȉ-
Ȓȍ ȊȗȐșȈȕȕȖȍ Ȑ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍȕțȎȕȖȍ șȓȖȊȖ ǷȖ ȥȚȐȔ ȗȘȐ-
ȏȕȈȒȈȔ ǪȖȚȈȕ țȏȕȈȊȈȓ ȒȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȈȊȚȖȘȖȔ ȗȐșȤȔȈ ǩȖȓȤȠȐȕ-
șȚȊȖ ȗȐșȍȔ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȖ ș ȔȍȚȒȖȑ «S». ǪȖȚȈȕ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ
ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȠȚȈȉ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșțȍȚșȧ ȚȍȔ ȟȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȍȚșȧ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋȈȝ ǺȐ-
ȝȖȋȖ ȖȒȍȈȕȈ
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȕȍȌȍȓȦ ȗȖșȓȍ ȐșȟȍȏȕȖȊȍȕȐȧ ǪȖȓȤȜȈ ǪȖȚȈȕ ȗȖȓț-
ȟȐȓ ȖȟȍȕȤ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȍ ȗȐșȤȔȖ Dz ȕȍȔț ȗȐșȈȓ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌȟȐȒ ȗȖ-
șȖȓȤșȚȊȈ Ȋ ǷȍȚȍȘȉțȘȋȍ DzȈȚȚȕȍȘ ȚȖȚ șȈȔȣȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȊȐȌȍȓ
ǪȖȚȈȕ ț ȗȖșȓȈ
DzȈȚȚȕȍȘ ȗȘȖșȐȓ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȚȤ ȗȐșȤȔȖ ȏȈȊȍȌțȦȡȍȔț ȚȍȝȕȐ-
ȟȍșȒȐȔ ȖȚȌȍȓȖȔ ȜȐȘȔȣ «ǨȘȚȐȋ Ȑ Ǫȍȑș» ǪȖȓȤȜț Ȑ ȌȖȉȈȊ-
ȓȧȓ ȟȚȖ ȐȏȊȐȕȧȍȚșȧ ȗȍȘȍȌ ǪȖȚȈȕȖȔ ȏȈ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȑșȚȊȖ ȕȖ ȌȖȓ-
Ȏȍȕ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȚȈȒ ȐȓȐ ȐȕȈȟȍ ȗȖȒȖȕȟȐȚȤ ș ȕȍȋȖȌȧȍȔ ȒȈȒȐȔ Ȗȕ
șȟȐȚȈȍȚ Ȑ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȖ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȚ ǪȖȓȤȜȈ — ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ȕȍșȗȖșȖȉ-
ȕȖȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ Ȑ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȕȖșȚȤ ǹȚȈȘȣȑ ǪȖȚȈȕ ȌȖȓ-
ȋȖ ȊȍȘȚȍȓ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ ȗȐșȤȔȖ DzȈȚȚȕȍȘȈ Ȓ ǪȖȓȤȜț Ȑ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȍ țȏ-
ȕȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȗȐȠȍȚ ȍȋȖ ȊȘȈȋț ȥȚȖȚ ȖȉȐȎȍȕȕȣȑ Ȑ ȕȍȕȈȊȐȌȧȡȐȑ
ǪȖȓȤȜȈ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȖȝȊȈȚȣȊȈȓȖ ȍȋȖ ș ȕȍȗȘȍȖȌȖȓȐȔȖȑ șȐȓȖȑ
«ǪȖȓȤȜ șȉȍȎȈȓ — ȌțȔȈȓ ǪȖȚȈȕ — Ȑ ȏȌȍșȤ ȍȔț ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ
țȎȍ ȕȍ țȌȈșȚșȧ ȗȖȧȊȐȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȑ ȉȣ ȚȖ ȕȐ ȉȣȓȖ ȘȖȓȐ ǻȎ ȧ
ȗȖȏȈȉȖȟțșȤ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ DzȈȒ ȧ ȔȖȋț ȌȖșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȥȚȖ ȗȐșȤȔȖ ǪȖȓȤȜț"»

102
ǵȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȊȖȗȘȖș șȚȈȘȐȒ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȐșȒȈȚȤ ȖȚȊȍȚȈ ȘțȒȐ ȍȋȖ
șȈȔȐ șȖȉȖȑ ȘȈȏȖȘȊȈȓȐ ȒȖȕȊȍȘȚ Ȑ ȊȣȕțȓȐ ȗȐșȤȔȖ DzȈȚȚȕȍȘȈ
Ȓ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕț
ǪȖȚȈȕ ȕȈȌȍȓ ȖȟȒȐ Ȑ țȋȓțȉȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȟȚȍȕȐȍ
Ǽʙ˃˒ˋ˕˃ːǨ — ˒ˋ˔˃ˎ ʙ˃˕˕ːˈ˓Ǥ — ʑ˞ ˑ˕ːˢˎˋ ˖ ˏˈːˢ ˉˈː˖ ˋ
˓˃ˊ˄ˋˎˋ ˏˑˡ ˉˋˊː˟Ǥ ʮ ˒˓ˋˏˋ˓ˋˎ˔ˢ ˔ ˠ˕ˋˏǡ ˕˃ˍ ˍ˃ˍ ˊː˃ˎǡ ˚˕ˑ
ˉˈːˈ ˏˑˈˌ ˑ˕ˑˏ˔˕ˋ˕ ˊ˃ ˏˈːˢ ˔˖ˇ˟˄˃ǡ ˔˅ˢˊ˃˅˛˃ˢ ˈˈ ˔ ˅˃ˏˋ — ˚ˈ-
ˎˑ˅ˈˍˑˏ ˄ˈˊ ˔ˈ˓ˇ˙˃ ˋ ˚ˈ˔˕ˋǨ ʝˇː˃ˍˑǡ ˏːˈ ːˋˍˑˆˇ˃ ːˈ ˒˓ˋ˘ˑ-
ˇˋˎˑ ː˃ ˖ˏǡ ˚˕ˑ ˏːˈ ˉˈ ˒˓ˋˇˈ˕˔ˢ ˊ˃˜ˋ˜˃˕˟ ˠ˕˖ ːˈ˓˃ˊ˖ˏː˖ˡǡ
ːˈ˔˚˃˔˕ː˖ˡ ˉˈː˜ˋː˖ ˑ˕ ˅˃˔Ǥ ʮ ˔ˎ˖˚˃ˌːˑ ˖ˊː˃ˎ ˋˊ ˒ˈ˓ˈ˒ˋ˔ˍˋ
˒ˑ˔ˑˎ˟˔˕˅˃ǡ ˚˕ˑǡ ˅˞ǡ ˔ ˙ˈˎ˟ˡ ˑ˕ˇˈˎ˃˕˟˔ˢ ˑ˕ ˏˑˈˌ ˉˈː˞ ˋ ˅˃-
˛ˈˌ ˎˡ˄ˑ˅ːˋ˙˞ǡ ˒ˑˇ˔˕˓ˑˋˎˋ ˅ ʜ˃ː˔ˋ ˑ˄˞˔ˍ ˅ ˈˈ ˍ˅˃˓˕ˋ˓ˈǡ
˒ˑˎ˟ˊ˖ˢ˔˟ ˖˔ˎ˖ˆ˃ˏˋ ˆˈ˓ˏ˃ː˔ˍˑˆˑ ˃ˆˈː˕˃ ʐˎˡ˕˃Ǥ ʚ˖ˋˊ˃ ˃˓ˈ˔-
˕ˑ˅˃ː˃ ˋ ˖ˎˋˍˋ ˕˃ˍ ˕ˢˉˍˋǡ ˚˕ˑ ˈˌǡ ˍˑːˈ˚ːˑǡ ˖ˆ˓ˑˉ˃ˈ˕ ˍ˃ˊː˟Ǥ
ʛˈˉˇ˖ ˕ˈˏǡ ˅˞ ˏˑˉˈ˕ˈ ˈˈ ˔˒˃˔˕ˋ ˋ ˅˞ ˊː˃ˈ˕ˈǡ ˍ˃ˍ ː˖ˉːˑ ˠ˕ˑ
˔ˇˈˎ˃˕˟Ǥ ʮ ˖ˊː˃ˎ ˚ˈ˓ˈˊ ː˃˛ˈ ˒˃˓ˋˉ˔ˍˑˈ ˒ˑ˔ˑˎ˟˔˕˅ˑǡ ˚˕ˑ ˔ˎˈˇ-
˔˕˅ˋˈ ˒˓ˑˇˎˋ˕˔ˢ ˈ˜ˈ ˑ˚ˈː˟ ˇˑˎˆˑǡ ˕˃ˍ ˍ˃ˍ ˗˓˃ː˙˖ˊ˔ˍˋˈ ˅ˎ˃˔-
˕ˋ ː˃˜˖˒˞˅˃ˡ˕ ˛ˋ˓ˑˍ˖ˡ ˛˒ˋˑː˔ˍ˖ˡ ˑ˓ˆ˃ːˋˊ˃˙ˋˡǡ ː˃ˇˈˢ˔˟
ː˃ ˎˑ˅ˍˑ˔˕˟ ˔˅ˑˋ˘ ˃ˆˈː˕ˑ˅ ˋ ː˃ ˒˓ˋˊː˃ːˋˈ ʚ˖ˋˊ˞Ǥ ʝˇː˃ˍˑǡ ˃
˖˅ˈ˓ˈːǡ ˚˕ˑ ʚ˖ˋˊ˃ ːˋ˚ˈˆˑ ːˈ ˔ˍ˃ˉˈ˕Ǥ ʝː˃ ˇ˖ˏ˃ˈ˕ — ˋ ʐˎˡ˕ ˈˌǡ
˅˒˓ˑ˚ˈˏǡ ˖˔˒ˈˎ ˔ˍ˃ˊ˃˕˟ ˑ˄ ˠ˕ˑˏ — ˚˕ˑ ˅˞ ˅ˑ ʣ˓˃ː˙ˋˋ ˋ
˔ˍ˓˞˅˃ˈ˕ˈ˔˟Ǥ ʠ˒ˈ˛ˋ˕ˈ ˔˒˃˔˕ˋ ːˈ˔˚˃˔˕ː˖ˡ ˉˈː˜ˋː˖Ǥ ʑ ˠ˕ˑˏ
˅˃˛ ˇˑˎˆǨ ʔ˔ˎˋ ˉˈ ˖ ˅˃˔ ˘˅˃˕ˋ˕ ːˋˊˑ˔˕ˋ ˕˃ˍˋˏ ˑ˄˓˃ˊˑˏ ˑ˕-
ˇˈˎ˃˕˟˔ˢ ˑ˕ ˒ˑˎˡ˄ˋ˅˛ˈˌ ˅˃˔ ˉˈː˜ˋː˞ ˋ ˅˞ ˒ˑˊ˅ˑˎˋ˕ˈǡ ˚˕ˑ-
˄˞ ˑː˃ ˒ˑˆˋ˄ˎ˃ǡ ˢ ˍˎˢː˖˔˟ ˅˃ˏǡ ˚˕ˑ ː˃ˌˇ˖ ˅˃˔ ˋ ˑ˕ˑˏ˜˖Ǥ
ʙ˃˕˕ːˈ˓ǽǤ
ǿȐȚȈȧ ȥȚȖ ȗȐșȤȔȖ ǪȖȚȈȕ ȌȈȎȍ ȗȖȝȖȓȖȌȍȓ
Ƕȕ ȟțȚȤȍȔ ȖȗȣȚȕȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ Ȑ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ țȋȈȌȣȊȈȓ Ȏȍș-
ȚȖȒȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȉȍȏȕȘȈȊșȚȊȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ǪȖȓȤȜȈ Ȑ ȝȖȚȧ Ȋ ȌțȠȍ ȘțȒȖ-
ȊȖȌȐȚȍȓȧ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ «ǨȘȚȐȋ Ȑ Ǫȍȑș» ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ Ȑ ȗȘȐȏ-
ȕȈȒȖȊ ȐȌȍȈȓȐȏȔȈ Ȗȕ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȖȚȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȍ Ȓ ȥȚȖ-
Ȕț ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒț-ȔȈȠȐȕȍ Ȑ șȚȘȈȝ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȐȔ Ƕȕ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȗȖȉȖ-
ȘȖȚȤ șȊȖȐȝ ȟțȊșȚȊ ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȧȊȕțȦ Ȍȓȧ șȍȉȧ ȊȣȋȖȌț Ȑ ȉȍ-

103
ȏȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȤ ȖȚ ȌȖȉȘȣȝ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȑ ș ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȖȔ Ȑ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȖșȚȈȓ-
șȧ ȊȘȈȋȖȔ ȉȍȎȈȊȠȍȋȖ Ȑȏ ǸȖșșȐȐ ǪȖȓȤȜȈ
ǪșȒȖȘȍ ȕȈ ȓȐȞȍ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ ȗȖȧȊȐȓȈșȤ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȈȧ Ȑ ȏȓȖȘȈȌ-
ȕȈȧ țȓȣȉȒȈ Ƕȕ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ șȚȖȓț Ȑ ȗȖȌ ȗȖȌȗȐșȤȦ DzȈȚȚȕȍȘȈ
șȌȍȓȈȓ ȗȘȐȗȐșȒț
«ǷȘȖȠț ǪȈȠȍ ǷȘȍȊȖșȝȖȌȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȚȤ ȗȘȐȠȍȌȠȍȍ
Ȋ ȈȌȘȍș șȓțȎȈȡȍȋȖ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ “ǨȘȚȐȋ Ȑ Ǫȍȑș” ǪȖȓȤȜȈ
ȗȐșȤȔȖ ȒȖȗȐȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȖșȚȈȍȚșȧ ț Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȌȍȓȈȝ».
ǷȍȘȍȗȐșȈȊ ȗȐșȤȔȖ DzȈȚȚȕȍȘȈ ǪȖȚȈȕ ȏȈȗȍȟȈȚȈȓ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȒȖȕ-
ȊȍȘȚ Ȑ ȕȈȌȗȐșȈȓ ȕȈ ȕȍȔ ȈȌȘȍș ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȖȋȖ ȗȖșȓȈ Ȋ ǷȍȒȐȕȍ
Ǫ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȗȕ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓ ȗȐșȤȔȖ DzȈȚȚȕȍȘț Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ
ȊȣȘȈȎȈȓ ȍȔț șȊȖȍ șȖȟțȊșȚȊȐȍ Ȑ ȊȖȏȔțȡȈȓșȧ ȕȐȏȖșȚȤȦ ȗȖ-
șȚțȗȒȈ ǪȖȓȤȜȈ
ǪșȒȖȘȍ ǪȖȚȈȕ ȏȈȉȣȓ Ȗ ȗȐșȤȔȍ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȔȕȖ-
ȋȖ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ
Ǫ ȋȖȘȖȌȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓșȧ ȕȍȌȖșȚȈȚȖȒ Ȋ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȝ ȚȖȊȈȘȈȝ
ǷȘȐȊȖȏȈ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ DzȖȔȔȍȘȟȍșȒȐȍ șțȌȈ ȌȈȊȕȖ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȘȐșȒȖ-
ȊȈȓȐ ȏȈȝȖȌȐȚȤ Ȋ ȇȗȖȕșȒȖȍ ȔȖȘȍ Ȉ ȗȖ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȣȔ ȌȖȘȖȋȈȔ ȗȖ-
ȟȚȐ ȕȍ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȏȐȓȐ ȋȘțȏȖȊ ǵȈ Ȋșȍ ȚȖȊȈȘȣ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ Ȟȍȕȣ Ȑ ǪȖ-
ȚȈȕ ȕȖ ȌȓȐȓȖșȤ ȥȚȖ ȕȍȌȖȓȋȖ ǿȍȘȍȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȕȍȑ Ȗȕ țȎȍ
ȗȖȕȐȏȐȓ Ȟȍȕȣ ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȣȍ ȌȖȔȈ
ȊȍȓȐ ȔȍȎȌț șȖȉȖȑ ȗȍȘȍȋȖȊȖȘȣ Ȗ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖșȚȐ ȗȖȊȣȠȍ-
ȕȐȧ ȘȈșȞȍȕȖȒ ȅȚȖ ȊȣȏȊȈȓȖ șȐȓȤȕȖȍ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȍ șȘȍȌȐ ȒțȗȞȖȊ
Ȑ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȓȖ ȖȚȓȐȟȕȖȍ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȍ ȕȈ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȖ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ
șȊȖȐȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȔ ȉȣȓ șȚȈȘȣȑ ǪȖȚȈȕ Ȑ șȓțȎȈȡȐȍ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȖȋȖ
ȌȖȔȈ «ǨȘȚȐȋ Ȑ Ǫȍȑș».
ǪȖȚȈȕ ȏȈȋȈȌȖȟȕȖ țȓȣȉȈȓșȧ Ƕȕ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȔȐ-
ȔȖ dzȧȖȌțȕȈ Ƞȍȓ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌ «ǨȓȤȜȘȍȌ ǼȖșș» Ȉ Ȓ șȍȊȍȘț ȖȚ ǫȖȕ-
ȒȖȕȋȈ ȌȖȋȖȕȧȓ ȍȋȖ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌ «ȅȓȤȏȈ», Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȖȉȈ ȖȕȐ
țȎȍ ȗȘȍȌȢȧȊȐȓȐ ȧȗȖȕșȒȐȔ șȚȖȘȖȎȍȊȣȔ șțȌȈȔ Țȍ șȐȕȐȍ ȗȘȖ-
ȗțșȒȕȣȍ ȉȐȓȍȚȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȘȐșȓȈȓ Ȑȏ ǷȖȘȚ-ǨȘȚțȘȈ ǪȍȓȤ Ȋ
ȚȦȒȈȝ ȔȈȕțȜȈȒȚțȘȣ ǷȈȘȖȝȖȌȣ ȊȍȏȓȐ ȋȘțȏȣ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ
«ǨȘȚȐȋ Ȑ Ǫȍȑș» Ȑ ȧȗȖȕșȒȐȍ ȔȐȕȖȕȖșȞȣ Ȑ ȒȘȍȑșȍȘȈ ȗȖ ȉȍș-
ȗȘȖȊȖȓȖȟȕȖȔț ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜț șȖȖȉȡȈȓȐ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋț Ȗ ȗȘȖȗțșȒȍ
ȥȚȐȝ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȖȊ
ǰ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȘȈȏ ȏȈ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȊȖȑȕȣ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȕȈȋȘțȎȍȕȕȣȍ
ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȔȐ ȚȖȊȈȘȈȔȐ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȣ Ȍȓȧ ȜȐȘȔȣ «ǨȘȚȐȋ Ȑ Ǫȍȑș»
ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ Ȋ ȊȖȌȈȝ ǺȐȝȖȋȖ ȖȒȍȈȕȈ ȕȍ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ

104
ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖȋȖ
ǪȖȚȈȕ ȓȐȒȖȊȈȓ Ƕȕ ȗȖȓțȟȈȓ ȖȚȖȊșȦȌț ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȕȖșȚȤ ȏȈ
ȗȘȍȌțșȔȖȚȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȏȈ țȔȍȕȐȍ șȕȈȉȌȐȚȤ ȋȖȘȖȌ ȊșȍȔ ȕȍ-
ȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȣȔ
ǶȌȕȖ ȓȐȠȤ ȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȓȖ ǪȖȚȈȕȈ Ǫșȍ ȟȈȡȍ Ȑ ȟȈȡȍ ȗȖȓț-
ȟȈȓ Ȗȕ ȗȐșȤȔȈ ș ȔȍȚȒȈȔȐ Ȑ țșȓȖȊȕȣȔȐ ȏȕȈȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȗȘȖșȚȣȍ
Ȑ ȗȖȕȧȚȕȣȍ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȔȔȣ ș ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȔȐ ȏȈȗȘȖșȈȔȐ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȟȈ-
ȡȍ Ȑ ȟȈȡȍ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȖșȤ ȍȔț ȗȖșȣȓȈȚȤ ȖȚȊȍȚȣ Ȗȉ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȓȍȕ-
ȕȣȝ ȔȈȠȐȕȈȝ Ȑ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȍȕȕȣȝ ȍȔț ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖ ȏȈ ȕȍȕȈȌȖȉȕȖ-
șȚȤȦ ǴȕȖȋȖ ȓȍȚ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȓșȧ ǪȖȚȈȕ ȖșȊȍȌȖȔȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȉȍȘȓȐȕ-
șȒȖȋȖ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȍȚșȧ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋȈȝ ǺȐȝȖȋȖ
ȖȒȍȈȕȈ ȖȚ ȠțȔȕȖȋȖ ȔȍȎȌțȕȈȘȖȌȕȖȋȖ ǼȘȐșȒȖ ȌȖ ǵȈȋȈșȈȒȐ
ǹȈȑȋȖȕȈ ǫȖȕȒȖȕȋȈ Ȑ ǹȈȝȈȓȐȕȈ ȕȖ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȖșȤ
ȍȔț Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȝȖȌȐȚȤ ȕȈ ȒȘȈȦ ȉȍȏȌȕȣ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȖȚȒȘȣȓȖ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȌ ȕȐȔ ȊȖȍȕȕȖȍ ȔȐȕȐșȚȍȘșȚȊȖ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȐ ȎȍȓȈȊȠȍȍ Ȋșȍ
ȏȕȈȚȤ Ȑ Ȋșȍ șȖȖȉȡȈȚȤ ȊȖȦȦȡȍȑ ș ǸȖșșȐȍȑ ȌȍȘȎȈȊȍ ȚȈȒ țșȍȘȌ-
ȕȖ ȖȉșȓțȎȐȊȈȍȔȖȑ ǩȍȘȓȐȕȖȔ ȗȖȌȋȖȚȖȊȓȧȦȡȐȔ țȌȈȘȣ Ȑ
ȕȍțȌȈȟȐ Ȍȓȧ ȖȉȖȐȝ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȐȒȖȊ ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȗȘȍȒȘȈȚȐȚȤ șȊȖȦ
ȌȍȧȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ șȚȈȘȣȑ ǪȖȚȈȕ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ Ȑ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖȍ ȏȈȔȍȌ-
ȓȍȕȐȍ Ȋ ȖȚȊȍȚȍ ȕȈ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȔȔȣ ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ Ȏȍ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȓȖ
ȗȖȊȚȖȘȍȕȐȍ ș ȕȍȗȘȍȔȍȕȕȖȑ ȗȘȐȉȈȊȒȖȑ ȌȊțȝ șȓȖȊ «ǼȐȘȔȈ
ȕȍȈȒȒțȘȈȚȕȈ».
ǪȖȚȈȕ ȕȍ ȘȈȏ ȗȖȓțȟȐȊ ȚȈȒțȦ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȔȔț ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ
ȝȖȌȐȓ ȗȖ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚț Ȑ ȗȖșȣȓȈȓ ȗȖ ȈȌȘȍșț ȉȍȘȓȐȕșȒȐȝ ȋȍȕȍ-
ȘȈȓȖȊ ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȕȍȓȍșȚȕȣȍ ȥȗȐȚȍȚȣ ǹȚȈȘȐȒ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȌțȔȈȓ,
ȟȚȖ ȍȔț ȗȘȐȌȍȚșȧ ȌȖȎȐȚȤ ȌȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȍȋȖ ȉȍȏȖ-
ȗȈșȕȈȧ ȖȚȓȐȟȕȖ ȖȗȓȈȟȐȊȈȍȔȈȧ Ȑ ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ ȓȦȉȐȓ ȊȣȘȈȎȈȚȤ-
șȧ ȗȖȟȚȐ «ȕȈțȟȕȈȧ» ȌȍȧȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ ȗȖȚȘȍȉțȍȚ ȖȚ ȕȍȋȖ ȘȐșȒȈ
ȟȍșȚȤȦ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȎȐȏȕȤȦ
ǪȘȍȔȧ ȠȓȖ ǵȈ ȔȖȘȍ Ȑ ȕȈ șțȠȍ ȉȍșȕȖȊȈȓȈșȤ ȒȘȖȊȈȊȈȧ
ȉțȘȧ ǴȕȖȋȖ ȎȐȏȕȍȑ ȗȘȍȘȊȈȓȖșȤ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ Ȑ ȕȍȓȍȗȖ ȔȕȖȋȖ
ȊȌȖȊ Ȑ șȐȘȖȚ ȖșȚȈȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȖȉȍȐȝ șȚȘȈȕȈȝ ǵȍ ȘȈȏ ȊșȗȖȔȐȕȈȓ
ǪȖȚȈȕ ȐșȗțȋȈȕȕȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ Țȍȝ ȗȖȓțȋȖȓȖȌȕȣȝ ȗȖȒȐȕțȚȣȝ Ȍȍ-
Țȍȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȊȘȍȏȈȓȐșȤ ȍȔț Ȋ ȗȈȔȧȚȤ ȗȘȐ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȖȍȏȌȍ Ȋ ǫȍȘ-
ȔȈȕȐȦ
«ǿȚȖ ș ȕȐȔȐ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ"» — șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȓ Ȗȕ șȍȉȧ ȕȖ ȗȘȐȕȖ-
șȐȓȐ ȕȖȊțȦ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȔȔț Ȑ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȓ ȚȘȍȗȍȚȈȚȤ ǪȖȚȈȕ
ȏȈ șȊȖȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ Ȑ ȏȈ șȊȖȍ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ

105
ǵȈșȚțȗȐȓȈ ȊȍșȕȈ  ȋȖȌȈ Ȑ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ ȌȍȕȤ  ȔȈȧ
ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓ Țȍȗȓȣȑ șȖȓȕȍȟȕȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȗȖȓȕȣȑ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ Ȋȍ-
șȍȕȕȍȋȖ ȏȈȌȖȘȈ Ȑ șȊȍȚȈ Ȑ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ șȈȔȈ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȈ ȕȍ șțȔȍȓȈ
ȉȣ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȕȈȉȘȖșȐȚȤ ȔȘȈȟȕțȦ ȚȍȕȤ ǶȌȕȈ-
ȒȖ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ șȈȔȣȝ ȒȘȖȊȈȊȣȝ șȈȔȣȝ ȟȍȘȕȣȝ Ȍȕȍȑ
ȒȈȒȐȍ ȏȕȈȓȈ ȐșȚȖȘȐȧ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȚȊȈ
ǷȍȘȊȣȔ ȊȍșȚȕȐȒȖȔ ȥȚȖȋȖ Ȍȕȧ ȉȣȓ ǵȖȝȊȐȞȒȐȑ Ƕȕ ȘȍȌ-
ȒȖ ȉȣȊȈȓ ț ǪȖȚȈȕȈ Ȑ ȕȍ ȓȦȉȐȓ ȉȍȏ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖșȚȐ ȊȐȌȍȚȤșȧ
ș ȕȐȔ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ șȚȈȘȐȒ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȊȘȈȎȌȍȉȕȖ Ȉ ȍȋȖ
ȗȘȍȏȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ țȓȣȉȒȐ ȏȈȌȍȊȈȓȐ ǵȖȝȊȐȞȒȖȋȖ ǪȖȚȈȕ ȗȘȐ
ȊȐȌȍ ǵȖȝȊȐȞȒȖȋȖ ȔȘȈȟȕȖ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ Ȑ șȕȧȓ ȖȟȒȐ
— ǿȚȖ" — ȉȘȖșȐȓ Ȗȕ șȔȖȚȘȧ ȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț
— ǪȈȠ șȓțȎȈȡȐȑ ȗȖșȍȚȐȊȠȐȑ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȖșȚȘȖȊ ȋȌȍ ȕȈȔȐ
țșȚȈȕȖȊȓȍȕ ȉȍșȗȘȖȊȖȓȖȟȕȣȑ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜ ȗȘȐȊȍȏ ȊȈȎȕȣȍ ȐȏȊȍ-
șȚȐȧ — ȗȖȟȚȐ ȠȍȗȖȚȖȔ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș ǵȖȝȊȐȞȒȐȑ — ǹȍȋȖȌȕȧ Ȋ
ǾțșȐȔșȒȖȔ ȗȘȖȓȐȊȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȍȓ ȉȖȑ ȔȍȎȌț ȥșȒȈȌȘȖȑ ȋȍȕȍ-
ȘȈȓȈ ǸȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕșȒȖȋȖ Ȑ ȧȗȖȕșȒȐȔ ȜȓȖȚȖȔ
ǫȖȓȖș ǵȖȝȊȐȞȒȖȋȖ ȌȘȖȋȕțȓ ǵȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȗȖȓȕțȦ ȗȖȚȍ-
ȘȦ ȒȈȒȐȝ-ȓȐȉȖ ȊȖȏȊȣȠȍȕȕȣȝ ȟțȊșȚȊ Ȑ ȕȈ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖȍ ȘȈȊ-
ȕȖȌțȠȐȍ ȒȖ ȊșȍȔț ȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȒȈșȈȓȖșȤ ȍȋȖ ȔȍȓȒȖȑ ȕȐȟ-
ȚȖȎȕȖȑ ȓȐȟȕȖșȚȐ ȗȘȍȌȈȚȍȓȧ Ȑ ȠȈȕȚȈȎȐșȚȈ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚ-
ȕȖȍ ȚȧȎȍȓȖȍ Ȑ ȖșȒȖȘȉȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖ șȎȐȔȈȓȖ ȍȔț șȍȘȌ-
Ȟȍ ȕȍ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȓȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȗȖ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȐȦ ȘȈȏȊȧȏȕȖ ȕȈȋȓȣȔ
Ȑ ȔȍȠȈȓȖ ȋȕțșȈȊȖ ȝȐȝȐȒȈȚȤ
ǯȈȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȕȕȣȑ ȐȏȊȍșȚȐȍȔ ǪȖȚȈȕ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ Ȑ ȌȘȖȎȈ-
ȡȐȔȐ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȕȈȌȍȊȈȚȤ ȖȟȒȐ
— ǩȖȑ" ǰ ȟȚȖ Ȏȍ" — ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȠȍȗȖȚȖȔ șȗȘȖșȐȓ Ȗȕ
— ǨȌȔȐȘȈȓ ǸȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕșȒȐȑ ȘȈȏȉȐȚ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȊșȚȈȊȈȧ
ǵȖȝȊȐȞȒȐȑ
ǪȌȘțȋ Ȗȕ ȊȣȗȘȧȔȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȏȓȖȉȕȖ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȋȓȧ-
Ȍȍȓ ȕȈ ȓȦȌȍȑ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ Ȋ ȓȐȞȖ ǪȖȚȈȕȈ Ƕȕ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȉȓȍșȒ
ȘȈȌȖșȚȐ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ țȗȘȈȊȓȧȦȡȍȋȖ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ «ǨȘȚȐȋ Ȑ
Ǫȍȑș» ǿȚȖ-ȚȖ ȏȈȉȣȚȖȍ ȌȈȊȕȖ țșȕțȊȠȍȍ ȓȍȎȈȡȍȍ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ
ȕȈ Ȍȕȍ șȍȘȌȞȈ ǵȖȝȊȐȞȒȖȋȖ ȊȌȘțȋ ȗȘȖșȕțȓȖșȤ Ȑ Ȗȕ șȚțȟȈ
ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȔ ȒȖșȚȓȧȊȣȔ ȒțȓȈȒȖȔ ȗȖ ȒȘȈȦ ȗȐșȤȔȍȕȕȖȋȖ șȚȖ-
ȓȈ ǪȖȚȈȕȈ ȠȐȗȧȡȐȔ ȘȊțȡȐȔșȧ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǵț ȗȖȗȈȌȍȠȤșȧ Țȣ Ȕȕȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ

106
ǵȍ ȊȏȋȓȧȕțȊ ȕȈ țȌȐȊȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȥȚȖȑ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖȑ ȊȣȝȖȌ-
ȒȖȑ ǪȖȚȈȕȈ ǵȖȝȊȐȞȒȐȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȊȣȠȍȓ Ȑȏ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚȈ Ȑ șȗț-
șȒȈȧșȤ ȗȖ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȍ ȋȘȖȏȐȓ ȒȖȔț-ȚȖ ȒțȓȈȒȖȔ Ȑ ȋȘȧȏȕȖ ȘțȋȈȓ-
șȧ ǵȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȊȍșȚȤ șȖȖȉȡȍȕȕȈȧ ǵȖȝȊȐȞȒȐȔ ȕȈȒȈȕț-
ȕȍ șȌȍȓȈȓȈșȤ țȎȍ ȗȍȟȈȓȤȕȣȔ ȊȟȍȘȈȠȕȐȔ ȌȕȍȔ
dzȦȌȐ ȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȗȖȌȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȍ ǪȍȓȐȒȖȍ ȚȧȎȍȓȖȍ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȤȍ
țȗȈȓȖ ȕȈ ȕȐȝ Ȑ șȖȋȕțȓȖ ȌȖ șȈȔȖȑ ȏȍȔȓȐ Ǫșȍ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ șȔȖȚ-
ȘȍȓȐ ȚțȌȈ ȋȌȍ ȒȓțȉȧșȤ ȕȈȌ ȔȖȘȍȔ țȝȖȌȐȓȐ Ȓ Ȧȋț ȖȉȓȈȒȈ Ȑ
ȋȌȍ ȗȘȍȒȘȈȚȐȓȐșȤ șȘȈȏț ȚȈȒ ȚȘȈȋȐȟȍșȒȐ Ȑ ȚȈȒ ȎȍșȚȖȒȖ Țȣ-
șȧȟȐ ȎȐȏȕȍȑ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȗȘȍȖȌȖȓȍȊȠȐȝ ȕȍȉȣȊȈȓȣȍ ȗȘȍȗȧȚșȚ-
ȊȐȧ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȊȠȐȝ ȚȧȎȒȐȍ ȓȐȠȍȕȐȧ ȌȈȓȤȕȍȋȖ ȖȗȈșȕȖȋȖ ȗȓȈ-
ȊȈȕȐȧ
ǵȐȒȚȖ ȕȐ Ȗ ȟȍȔ ȕȍ ȘȈșșȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȓ ǶșȚȈȊȈȓșȧ ȜȈȒȚ ǼȈȒȚ
ȥȚȖȚ ȉȣȓ ȚȈȒ ȗȖȕȧȚȍȕ Ȑ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȚȍȔ ȚȈȒ ȒȖȠȔȈȘȕȖ ȚȧȎȍȓ
ȟȚȖ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȕȍ ȝȊȈȚȐȚ șȐȓ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȍșȓȐ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȋȓȈ-
ȏȈȔȐ ȊșȚȈȕȍȚ Ȋșȍ șȖȉȣȚȐȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ Ȑ șȒȘȣȓȐ Ȋ șȊȖȍȑ
ȗțȟȐȕȍ șȊȐȕȞȖȊȣȍ ȊȖȓȕȣ ǾțșȐȔȣ
XX
ǻȋȘȖȏȈ ǵȖȝȊȐȞȒȖȋȖ ȒȈȒ ȥȚȖ ȕȐ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ ȊȏȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȓȈ ǪȖ-
ȚȈȕȈ Ƕȕ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ ȗȘȍȏȐȘȈȓ ǵȖȝȊȐȞȒȖȋȖ Ȑ ȗȖșȚȐȋȈȓ ȊșȦ ȕȐ-
ȟȚȖȎȕȖșȚȤ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȉȍșȗȖȊȖȘȖȚȕȖ ȗȈȌȠȍȋȖ ǵȖ ǪȖȚȈȕ
ȗȖșȚȐȋȈȓ ȚȈȒȎȍ Ȑ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȖȠȐȉȒț ȟȚȖ
Ȗȕ ȗȘȍȌȈȓ șȍȉȧ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȟȍȔ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȚȈȑ-
ȕȈȧ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȔȔȈ ȗȘțșșȒȖȋȖ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓȈ ȗȖȗȈȓȈ Ȋ ȘțȒȐ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȕȍ-
ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ
ǹȊȖȍȑ ȗȘȖȘȊȈȊȠȍȑșȧ ȘȈȌȖșȚȤȦ ȗȖ ȗȖȊȖȌț ȗȖȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ Ȋ
ǾțșȐȔȍ ȘțșșȒȖȑ ȥșȒȈȌȘȣ ǪȖȚȈȕ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ
ȘȈȏȉțȌȐȓ ȌȘȍȔȓȦȡȍȍ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌȕȖȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖ ȓȦȉȊȐ Ȓ ȖȚȍȟȍșȚ-
Ȋț ȟțȊșȚȊȖ, ȍȡȍ ȕȍ țȔȍȘȠȍȍ Ȋ ǵȖȝȊȐȞȒȖȔ
ǭșȓȐ ȏȈ ȌȊȍ ȚȣșȧȟȐ Șțȉȓȍȑ ǵȖȝȊȐȞȒȐȑ șȖȋȓȈȠȈȓșȧ ȕȍ
ȊȣȌȈȊȈȚȤ ȖȗȈșȕțȦ ȚȈȑȕț ǪȖȚȈȕȈ Ȑ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ «ǨȘȚȐȋ Ȑ
Ǫȍȑș» ȚȖ ǪȖȚȈȕ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȓ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȐȓȐ ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ șȖȋȓȈșȐȚșȧ
ȏȈȉȣȚȤ ȥȚț ȕȍȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȧȊȐȊȠțȦșȧ ț ȕȍȋȖ țȓȣȉȒț ȏȓȖ-

107
ȘȈȌșȚȊȈ, ȐȓȐ ȗȖȚȘȍȉțȍȚ ȏȈ ȕȍȍ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȌȖȘȖȋțȦ ȗȓȈȚț
ǶșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ǵȖȝȊȐȞȒȖȋȖ ȚȈȐȚȤ Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȊșȗȣȝȕțȊ-
Ƞȍȍ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ȟțȊșȚȊȖ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖȍ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȐȉȍȋȕțȚȤ Ȓ Ȕȍ-
șȚȐ ǪȖȚȈȕ ȉȖȧȓșȧ Ƕȕ ȗȘȐȏȊȈȓ ǴȦȓȤȜȍȘȚȈ Ȑ ȗȖșȖȊȍȡȈȊ-
ȠȐșȤ ș ȕȐȔ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ Ȑȏ șȊȖȐȝ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȟȐȒȖȊ DzȓȦȋ-
ȋȍ Ȋ ȌȖȔ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȋȖ ǹȈȓȐșȈ ȀȊȈȉȍ ȗȖȘțȟȐȊ ȍȔț țȉȍȌȐȚȤ
ǵȖȝȊȐȞȒȖȋȖ ș ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȚȖȚ ȉȣȓ ȏȕȈȒȖȔ ȗȘȐȑȚȐ Ȑ ȗȖȋȖȊȖ-
ȘȐȚȤ ș ǪȖȚȈȕȖȔ ȖȚȕȖșȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȠȍȑșȧ Ȋ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȖȔ ȌȖ-
Ȕȍ ȊȈȒȈȕșȐȐ ȠȚȈȚȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȔȔȐȊȖȧȎȍȘȈ
ǵȖȝȊȐȞȒȐȑ ȗȘȐȕȧȓ ȗȈȘȓȈȔȍȕȚȍȘȈ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖ Ȑ ȗȖȘț-
ȟȐȓ ȍȔț ȗȍȘȍȌȈȚȤ ǪȖȚȈȕț ȟȚȖȉȣ ȚȖȚ ȗȖȔȕȐȓ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ șȒȈȏȈȓ
ȍȔț țȝȖȌȧ Ȑȏ ȍȋȖ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚȈ
ǪȖȚȈȕț ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȖșȤ ȌȍȑșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ ȐȕȣȔ ȗțȚȍȔ Ƕȕ ȐȔȍȓ
ȌȓȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘ ș ȎȐȊȠȐȔ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȌȖȔȍ ȒȘțȗȕȣȔ ȟȐ-
ȕȖȊȕȐȒȖȔ ȗȖșȓȍ ȟȍȋȖ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ țșȗȖȒȖȐȓșȧ
ǻșȗȖȒȖȍȕȐȍ ǪȖȚȈȕȈ ȖȉȢȧșȕȧȓȖșȤ ȗȖȓȕȖȑ țȊȍȘȍȕȕȖșȚȤȦ
ȟȚȖ ǵȖȝȊȐȞȒȐȑ ȊșȒȖȘȍ ȉțȌȍȚ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȋȖ ȉȍȏȖȗȈșȍȕ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȑ
ȟȐȕȖȊȕȐȒ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȓ ȍȔț ȟȚȖ ȏȈ ǵȖȝȊȐȞȒȐȔ țșȚȈȕȖȊȓȍȕ ȖȟȍȕȤ
șȚȘȖȋȐȑ ȕȈȌȏȖȘ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ țȎȍ ȌȈȓ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȕȍȖȗȘȖȊȍȘȎȐ-
Ȕȣȍ ȌȖȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ șȊȧȏȐ ȍȋȖ ș ȌȘțȋȐȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȔ ȕȈȊȓȍȒ-
ȠȐȔ ȕȈ șȍȉȧ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȍȕȐȍ ȊȓȈșȚȍȑ
ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȥȚȖȚ ȉȣȓ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ǹȈȓȐș ȀȊȈȉȍ ǩȘȈȚ ȈȕȋȓȐȑ-
șȒȖȋȖ ȒȖȔȔȍȘȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȈȋȍȕȚȈ ȗȖȓȤȏțȦȡȍȋȖșȧ ȘȍȗțȚȈȞȐȍȑ
ȊȍȓȐȒȖȉȘȐȚȈȕșȒȖȋȖ ȌȐȗȓȖȔȈȚȈ Ȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȕȍȏȈȊȐșȐȔȖȋȖ Ȑ
ȉȖȋȈȚȖȋȖ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ǹȈȓȐș ȀȊȈȉȍ ȉȣȓ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȕȍȖșȚȖȘȖȎȍȕ Ƕȕ
șȖȉȐȘȈȓ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȍ șȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȕȍ șȚȍșȕȧȧșȤ ȏȈȕȖșȐȓ Ȑȝ Ȋ
șȊȖȦ ȏȈȗȐșȕțȦ ȒȕȐȋț Ȑ ȐȔȍȓ ȥȚȐ șȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ ȗȘȐ șȍȉȍ ǵȐȟȍ-
ȋȖ ȗȖȥȚȖȔț ȕȍ șȚȖȐȓȖ ȗȖȌȒțȗȐȚȤ ȓȈȒȍȧ ȉȖȑȒȖȋȖ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȋȖ
ȒȐȚȈȑȞȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȊșȒȖȘȍ ȗȖșȓȍ șȊȐȌȈȕȐȧ ș ȊȣȏȊȈȊȠȐȔ ȍȋȖ
Ȓ șȍȉȍ ǪȖȚȈȕȖȔ ȗȘȐȕȍș ȍȔț ȏȈȗȐșȕțȦ ȒȕȐȎȒț șȊȖȍȋȖ ȝȖȏȧȐ-
ȕȈ Ȑ ȗȖȓțȟȐȊ ȏȈ ȕȍȍ ȊȖȏȕȈȋȘȈȎȌȍȕȐȍ țȠȍȓ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐȊȣȑ
țȓȣȉȈȦȡȐȑșȧ ȕȍȗȘȖȕȐȞȈȍȔȖȑ țȓȣȉȒȖȑ
Ǭȓȧ ȖȉȖȐȝ ȉȘȈȚȤȍȊ ȀȊȈȉȍ ȕȈșȚțȗȐȓȐ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȍ ȌȕȐ ǷȖ-
ȓȍȚȍȓȐ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȔȔȣ Ȋ dzȖȕȌȖȕ Ȑ ǷȍȚȍȘȉțȘȋ Ǫ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȒȖȕȞȖȊ
ȊȍȓȐȒȖȉȘȐȚȈȕșȒȖȍ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ șȌȍȓȈȓȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ șȚȘȖȋȖȍ Ȋȕț-
ȠȍȕȐȍ șȊȖȍȔț ȒȖȔȔȍȘȟȍșȒȖȔț ȈȋȍȕȚț Ȑ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȊ ȍȋȖ șȓȐȠ-
ȒȖȔ ȉȍșȚȈȒȚȕȣȔ Ȍȓȧ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȚȤ ȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ
ȗȖșȚ Ȋ ȟțȎȖȑ șȚȘȈȕȍ ȖȚȖȏȊȈȓȖ ȍȋȖ Ȋ dzȖȕȌȖȕ ǵȈ ȗȍȘȊȖȔ Ȉȕȋ-

108
ȓȐȑșȒȖȔ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȍ ȗȘȐȠȍȌȠȍȔ Ȋ ȗȖȘȚ Ȑȏ ǨȔȍȘȐȒȐ ȖȉȈ ȉȘȈ-
ȚȈ ȗȖȒȐȕțȓȐ ȋȖșȚȍȗȘȐȐȔȕȣȑ ȘțșșȒȐȑ ȉȍȘȍȋ
ǶșȚȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ȓȐȠȤ ȏȈȌȍȘȎȈȚȤ ǵȖȝȊȐȞȒȖȋȖ Ȑ ǪȖȚȈȕ ș ȔȐȕț-
Țȣ ȕȈ ȔȐȕțȚț ȖȎȐȌȈȓ ȐȏȊȍșȚȐȧ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ǵȖ ǵȖȝȊȐȞȒȐȑ ȒȈȒ
Ȋ ȊȖȌț ȒȈȕțȓ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖȗȈȓ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȉȍșșȓȍȌȕȖ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȖȗȈȌȈȓ
ȚȖȋȌȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȉȓȈȌȈȓ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȔȔȖȑ ȗȘȍȌȈȦȡȍȑ Ȋ ȘțȒȐ ȗȘȈ-
ȊȖșțȌȐȧ ȜȐȘȔț «ǨȘȚȐȋ Ȑ Ǫȍȑș» Ȑ ȍȍ ȘțȒȖȊȖȌȐȚȍȓȧ ǵȖ ǪȖ-
ȚȈȕ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ ǵȖȝȊȐȞȒȐȑ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȗȖȧȊȐȚȤșȧ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȕȍȖȎȐ-
ȌȈȕȕȖ ȒȈȒ ȗȖȧȊȓȧȓșȧ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ȕȖ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȈȏ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȧȊȓȍ-
ȕȐȍ ȉțȌȍȚ țȋȘȖȎȈȚȤ ȕȍȗȖșȘȍȌșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȤȦ ǪȖȚȈȕț
ǹȚȈȘȐȒ ȗȍȕȧȓ ȕȈ șȍȉȧ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȖȉțȏȌȈȚȤ șȊȖȍȑ ȘȈȌȖșȚȐ Ȑ
ȟȚȖ ȗȖșȚțȗȐȓ ȒȈȒ ȕȍȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȣȑ ȦȕȖȠȈ ȅȚȖ ȘȈȏȌȘȈȎȈȓȖ
Ȑ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȐȓȖ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȍȌȗȘȐȕȧȚȤ Ȑ ȒȈȒ
șȗȈșȚȐșȤ ȖȚ ȊȘȈȋȈ ȋȖȚȖȊȧȡȍȋȖ ȍȔț ȕȍȖȚȘȈȏȐȔȣȑ Ȑ ȕȍȖȎȐ-
ȌȈȕȕȣȑ țȌȈȘ Ȋ ȟȍȔ ǪȖȚȈȕ ȕȐ ȔȐȕțȚȣ ȕȍ șȖȔȕȍȊȈȓșȧ
XXI
ǺȘȍȊȖȎȕȖ ȎȐȓ ȋȖȘȖȌ Ȋ ȚȖ ȏȕȖȑȕȖȍ ȓȍȚȖ Ȑ ȌȖȎȌȓȐȊțȦ
ȋȕȐȓțȦ ȖșȍȕȤ ǴȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȚȘȧșȈȦȡȐȝ șȖȉȣȚȐȑ ȗȘȖȕȍșȓȖșȤ ȕȈȌ
ȋȖȘȖȌȖȔ ǰȔȍȕȈ ǴțȒȌȍȕȈ Ȑ dzȧȖȧȕȈ ȒȘȖȊȈȊȈȧ ȥȗȖȗȍȧ ǷȖȘȚ-
ǨȘȚțȘȈ Ȑ ȔȘȈȟȕȈȧ ȌȘȈȔȈ ȘȈȏȣȋȘȈȊȠȈȧșȧ Ȋ ȊȖȌȈȝ ǾțșȐȔ-
șȒȖȑ ȚȍșȕȐȕȣ — Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȔ ȉȘȍȔȍȕȍȔ ȓȍȋȓȖ ȕȈ ȟțȊșȚ-
ȊȈ Ȑ țȔȣ ȎȐȚȍȓȍȑ ǺȐȝȖȖȒȍȈȕșȒȖȋȖ ȗȖȉȍȘȍȎȤȧ DzȈȒ-ȚȖ ȕȍȏȈ-
ȔȍȚȕȖ șȒȖȓȤȏȐȓȐ șȘȍȌȐ ȕȐȝ ȌȘțȋȐȍ șȖȉȣȚȐȧ ȗȘȐȠȍȌȠȐȍ
Ȑȏ ǸȖșșȐȐ Ȑ ȒȈȏȈȊȠȐȍșȧ ȔȍȓȒȐȔȐ Ȑ șȓțȟȈȑȕȣȔȐ șȘȍȌȐ ȊȐȝ-
Șȧ, ȗȖȚȘȧșȈȦȡȍȋȖ ȖȋȘȖȔȕțȦ ȖȒȘȈȐȕț
ǹȚȈȘȣȑ ǪȖȚȈȕ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȕȍȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȓȍȌȐȓ
ȏȈ ȚȍȔ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȓȖ ȊȖȒȘțȋ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȌȖȕȖșȐȓȖșȤ ȌȈȓȍȒȐȔ
ȖȚȒȓȐȒȖȔ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ǻȘȈȓȈ ȋȌȍ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȉțȘȕȣȍ ȖȒȚȧȉȘȤ-
șȒȐȍ ȌȕȐ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ ȊȏȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȊȠȐȍ ȓȦȌșȒȖȍ ȔȖȘȍ ǪȖȚȈȕ ȉȖȧȓ-
șȧ ȏȈ șȍȉȧ Ƕȕ ȗȘȖșȣȗȈȓșȧ ș ȔȣșȓȤȦ ȟȚȖ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȕȈȗȈȌȍȚ
ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ǵȖȝȊȐȞȒȐȑ ȥȚȖȚ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȖȚȒțȌȈ ȊȏȧȊȠȐȑșȧ ȊȘȈȋ
ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȊȠȐȑ ȉȖȧȚȤșȧ ȔȖȋțȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ǪȖȚȈȕȈ ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ Ȋ
ȎȐȏȕȐ
ǰ ȊȘȈȋ ȥȚȖȚ ȉȘȖșȐȓ ȊȣȏȖȊ

109
ǬȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȠȍșȚȖȋȖ ȖȒȚȧȉȘȧ Ȋ ȔȈȋȈȏȐȕ «ǨȘȚȐȋ Ȑ Ǫȍȑș» ȊȖ-
Ƞȍȓ ȚȖȓșȚȣȑ ȒȐȚȈȍȞ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȓ ȖȌȕȖȔț Ȑȏ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȟȐȒȖȊ ȗȐ-
șȤȔȖ ȗȘȖșȧ ȊȘțȟȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ǪȖȚȈȕț ǹȈȔ Ȏȍ Ȗȕ ȗȖȊȍȘȚȍȊȠȐșȤ Ȋ
ȔȈȋȈȏȐȕȍ ȕȍȏȈȔȍȚȕȖ ȊȣȠȍȓ Ȑ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓ ȕȈ ȥȚȖ Ȗȉȣȟ-
ȕȖȍ șȖȉȣȚȐȍ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȋȖ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ DzȈȒȖȊȖ Ȏȍ ȉȣȓȖ țȌȐȊȓȍ-
ȕȐȍ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȟȐȒȖȊ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋ ȔȈȋȈȏȐȕȍ ȗȖȧȊȐȓșȧ șȈȔ țȗȘȈȊȓȧȦ-
ȡȐȑ Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȘȈșșȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȚȤ Ȗ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȍ ȗȘȐȕȍșȠȍȔ ȗȐșȤ-
ȔȖ ǴȕȖȋȖ ȎȍșȚȖȒȐȝ țȗȘȍȒȖȊ ȗȖșȣȗȈȓȖșȤ ȕȈ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȖȚȖȘȖ-
ȗȍȊȠȐȝ Ȑ ȐșȗțȋȈȕȕȣȝ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȟȐȒȖȊ ǶȕȐ ș ȚȘȍȗȍȚȖȔ șȔȖȚ-
ȘȍȓȐ ȕȈ ȒȘȈșȕȖȍ ȖȚ ȋȕȍȊȈ ȓȐȞȖ Ȑ ȌȘȖȎȈȡȐȍ ȋțȉȣ ǪȖȚȈȕȈ
ǷȘȐȟȐȕȈ ȋȕȍȊȈ Ȑ ȚȘȍȊȖȋȐ șȚȈȘȖȋȖ țȗȘȈȊȓȧȦȡȍȋȖ ȚȖȘȋȖ-
ȊȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ «ǨȘȚȐȋ Ȑ Ǫȍȑș» ȉȣȓȈ ȗȖȕȧȚȕȈ
DzȐȚȈȍȞ ȌȖșȚȈȊȐȓ ȍȔț ȗȐșȤȔȖ ȖȚ ǵȖȝȊȐȞȒȖȋȖ ȗȐșȈȊȠȍ-
ȋȖ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȉȍșȗȖȊȖȘȖȚȕȖ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȘȈȏȖȉȓȈȟȐȚȤ ȌȍȧȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ
ȜȐȘȔȣ Ȑ ȕȈȏȊȈȚȤ ȓȐȞ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȦȡȐȝ țȟȈșȚȐȍ Ȋ ȠȗȐȖȕ-
șȒȖȑ Ȑ ȖșȊȍȌȖȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȌȍȧȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ Ȋ ȗȖȓȤȏț ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȐ
Ȑ ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕȕȣȝ ȌȍȘȎȈȊ ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈ-
ȓȐșȤ ȋȖșȚȍȗȘȐȐȔșȚȊȖȔ Ȑ ȗȖȒȘȖȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖȔ ǸȖșșȐȐ ǵȖȝȊȐȞ-
ȒȐȑ Ȋ ȗȐșȤȔȍ șȊȖȍȔ ȏȈȧȊȓȧȓ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚșȧ ȕȐ ȗȍȘȍȌ
ȟȍȔ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȊȣȌȈșȚ ȌȈȎȍ șȈȔȖȋȖ șȍȉȧ ȍșȓȐ ȗȖȕȈȌȖȉȐȚșȧ ȕȖ
ȕȍ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȐȚ ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȋ ǸȖșșȐȐ ȌȖȓȍȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈ ȋȍȘȔȈȕ-
șȒȈȧ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȈȧ ȜȐȘȔȈ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȓțȎȈȡȈȧ ȊȘȈȎȌȍȉȕȣȔ ȋȖ-
șțȌȈȘșȚȊȈȔ ȕȖ ȘȈȌțȦȡȈȧșȧ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȤȦ ȊșȒȖȘȔȐȊȠȍȑ ȍȍ șȚȘȈ-
ȕȣǷȐșȤȔȖ ȏȈȒȈȕȟȐȊȈȓȖșȤ șȓȖȊȈȔȐ
«ǮȌȐȚȍ Ȕȍȕȧ»
ǰ ǪȖȚȈȕ ȎȌȈȓ
ǮȌȈȚȤ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȍȔț ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȕȍȌȖȓȋȖ ǬȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȊȖșȤ-
ȔȖȋȖ ȖȒȚȧȉȘȧ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȗȖ ȚȍȓȍȜȖȕț ȗȖȏȊȖȕȐȓ ȊȈȎȕȣȑ ȟȐȕȖȊ-
ȕȐȒ ȎȐȊȠȐȑ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȌȖȔȍ Ȑ ȕȍ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȧ șȍȉȧ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ȇ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȗȘȍȌțȗȘȍȌȐȚȤ ȊȈș ȟȚȖ Ȓ ȕȈȔ ȗȖșȚțȗȐȓȖ ȏȈ-
ȧȊȓȍȕȐȍ ǵȖȝȊȐȞȒȖȋȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ țȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚ ȕȈ ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȒȖȔȗȘȖ-
ȔȍȕȚȐȘțȦȡțȦ ȊȈș ȌȍȧȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ ȊȈȠȍȋȖ țȕȐȊȍȘșȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȔȈ-
ȋȈȏȐȕȈ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȟȐșȓȧȍȚ ȔȍșȚȈ Ȑ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ ȗȘȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ
ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȓȐ șȖȉȣȚȐȧ ȔȖȋțȡȐȍ ȗȖșȓțȎȐȚȤ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȌ ȊȈȔ Ȑ
ȜȐȘȔȍ ǹȈȔȖȍ ȊȈȎȕȖȍ Ȑȏ ȊșȍȋȖ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȏȈȧȊȓȍȕȐȍ ǵȖȝ-
ȊȐȞȒȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ, ȖȌȕȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ ș ȌȖȕȍșȍȕȐȍȔ ȕȈȔ ȌȍȓȈȍȚ ȚȈ-
ȒȖȍ Ȏȍ șȖȖȉȡȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȔ țȟȘȍȎȌȍȕȐȧȔ Ȑ ȓȐȞȈȔ

110
«ǵȈȟȈȓȖșȤ» — ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ șȚȈȘȐȒ Ȑ șȍȘȌȞȍ Ȋ ȕȍȔ țȗȈȓȖ
— ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ"
ǪȖȗȘȖș ȥȚȖȚ ȏȈȌȈȕȕȣȑ ȘȖȉȒȐȔ ȕȍȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ,
ș ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȊȣȌȈȊȈȓ ȊșȍȋȌȈ șȈȔȖțȊȍȘȍȕȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȊȈȎȕȖȋȖ ǪȖȚȈ-
ȕȈ ȅȚȖ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȟȐȕȖȊȕȐȒ Ȑ ȗȖșȓȍ ȌȖȓȋȖȋȖ ȔȖȓȟȈȕȐȧ
ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȊȖȗȘȖșȖȔ
— Ǩ șȒȈȎȐȚȍ Ȋȣ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȖȗȈșȈȍȚȍșȤ ȥȚȐȝ ȘȈȏȖȉȓȈȟȍȕȐȑ"
Ǫ șȚȈȘȖȔ ǪȖȚȈȕȍ ȐșȗȣȚȈȕȕȖȔ Ȋ ȉȖȧȝ ș ȎȐȏȕȍȕȕȣȔȐ Ȗȉ-
șȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈȔȐ ȊȌȘțȋ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȖșȤ ȟțȊșȚȊȖ șȈȔȖȏȈȡȐȚȣ
«Ǵȣ ȍȡȍ ȗȖȉȖȘȍȔșȧ» — ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ Ȗȕ Ȑ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ ȋȖȓȖș
ȍȋȖ ȗȘȐȖȉȘȍȓ ȗȘȍȎȕȐȑ țȊȍȘȍȕȕȣȑ ȚȖȕ Ȑ țȉȍȌȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ
ǹȚȈȘȐȒ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ
— Ǫȣ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ — ȟȚȖ ȖȚ ȏȓȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȕȍ
țȉȍȘȍȎȍȠȤșȧ Ȉ ǵȖȝȊȐȞȒȐȑ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȏȓȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȕȖ Ȑ ȕȍ-
ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȣȑ ȔȕȖȦ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȧ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȕȧȓ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ șȓțȎȉț ȚȖȘ-
ȋȖȊȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ «ǨȘȚȐȋ Ȑ Ǫȍȑș».
— ǶȌȕȈȒȖ — ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ ȟȐȕȖȊȕȐȒ — ȐȔȍȑȚȍ Ȋ ȊȐȌț ȟȚȖ
Ȕȣ ȗȘȐȕțȎȌȍȕȣ ȉțȌȍȔ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȚȤ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȕȈ ȗȖȌȈȕȕȖȍ
ȕȈȔ ȏȈȧȊȓȍȕȐȍ ǵȖȝȊȐȞȒȖȋȖ
— DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ — ȗȘȍȎȕȐȔ ȉȖȌȘȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ǪȖȚȈȕ.
— ȇ șȈȔ ȊȈș ȗȘȖȠț Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ȅȚȖ ȕțȎȕȖ ȊȣȧșȕȐȚȤ Ȑ ȘȈȏ ȕȈ-
ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȗȘȍȒȘȈȚȐȚȤ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȐ ȕȍȓȍȗȣȍ șȓțȝȐ Ȗ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȖșȖȉȍȕ-
ȕȖȑ ȘȖȓȐ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȔȈȋȈȏȐȕȈ
ǵȈ ȥȚȖȔ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘ ȗȘȍȒȘȈȚȐȓșȧ Ȑ ǪȖȚȈȕ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȌȍȑșȚȊȖ-
ȊȈȚȤ ǷȘȍȎȌȍ ȊșȍȋȖ, Ȗȕ țȕȐȟȚȖȎȐȓ ȟȍȘȕȖȊȐȒȐ Ȋșȍȝ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȔȔ,
ȗȖșȣȓȈȊȠȐȝșȧ ȐȔ Ȋ ǩȍȘȓȐȕ Ȉ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȗȖȏȊȖȕȐȓ Ȋ ȒȖȕȚȖȘț
ǭȔț ȖȚȒȓȐȒȕțȓșȧ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȔȖȓȖȌȣȝ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȟȐȒȖȊ ǪȖȚȈȕ ȗȘȐ-
ȒȈȏȈȓ ȍȔț ȗȖȏȊȈȚȤ Ȓ ȚȍȓȍȜȖȕț ǴȦȓȤȜȍȘȚȈ
DzȖȋȌȈ șȚȈȘȐȒ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȚȍȓȍȜȖȕț ȔȍȎȌț ȕȐȔ Ȑ ǪȖȚȈ-
ȕȖȔ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȍȓ șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȑ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘ
— ǹȓțȠȈȑȚȍ ǴȦȓȤȜȍȘȚ Ȑ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȑȚȍ — ȕȈ-
ȟȈȓ ǪȖȚȈȕ — Ǫȣ ȕȈȑȌȍȚȍ Ȋ ȓȍȊȖȔ ȧȡȐȒȍ ȔȖȍȋȖ șȚȖȓȈ ȒȓȦȟ
ȖȚȒȘȖȍȚȍ ȐȔ Ȏȍȓȍȏȕȣȑ ȧȡȐȒ ȋȌȍ ȕȈȑȌȍȚȍ ȒȓȦȟ ȖȚ ȏȍȓȍȕȖ-
ȋȖ ȕȍșȋȖȘȈȍȔȖȋȖ ȠȒȈȜȈ șȚȖȧȡȍȋȖ ȔȍȎȌț ȌȊțȔȧ ȖȒȕȈȔȐ Ǫȣ
ȗȖȊȍȘȕȍȚȍ ȒȓȦȟ ȟȍȚȣȘȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȘȈȏ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȊȠȐ șȐȋȕȈȓȤ-
ȕȣȑ ȒȘțȋ ȗȖșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȈ ȉțȒȊȣ șȖșȚȈȊȓȧȦȡȐȍ șȓȖȊȖ
«ȅȓȤȜȘȐȌȈ» ǰȏ ȠȒȈȜȈ Ȋȣ ȊȣȕȍȚȍ ȌȊȈ ȒȖȎȈȕȣȝ ȗȖȘȚȜȍȓȧ

111
Ȑ ȗȖșȚȈȘȈȍȚȍșȤ ȕȍȏȈȔȍȚȕȖ ȗȘȐȕȍșȚȐ Ȑȝ ȌȖȔȖȑ ȇ Ȏȍ ȏȈ ȕȐ-
ȔȐ ȗȘȐȠȓȦ Ȓ ȊȈȔ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ
ǴȦȓȤȜȍȘȚ Ȋ ȚȖȟȕȖșȚȐ ȐșȗȖȓȕȐȓ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȓ ȍȔț
șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ǪȖȚȈȕ ǵȖ, ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ șȝȖȌȐȓ ș ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȣ Ȋ ȔȈȋȈȏȐȕ
ȖȚ ȍȋȖ ȖȗȣȚȕȖȋȖ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȕȍ țșȒȖȓȤȏȕțȓȐ ȌȊȖȍ ȗȣȚȓȐȊȖ șȔȖȚ-
ȘȍȊȠȐȝ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȗȖȒțȗȈȚȍȓȍȑ ǴȦȓȤȜȍȘȚ ȕȍ ȘȍȠȐȓșȧ ȊȣȝȖ-
ȌȐȚȤ ȕȈ țȓȐȞț ș ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȗȖȘȚȜȍȓȧȔȐ ȖȗȈșȈȧșȤ ȈȘȍ-
șȚȈ Ȑ ȗȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȊ ș ȒȍȔ-ȚȖ Ȋ ȔȈȋȈȏȐȕȍ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ȕȈȏȈȌ Ȑ ȏȈ-
ȗȍȘ șȊȍȘȚȖȒ Ȋ ȠȒȈȜ
ǷȖȏȌȕȖ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȔȈȋȈȏȐȕ ȏȈȒȘȣȓșȧ ǪȖȚȈȕ țȏȕȈȓ
Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȖ Ȋ ȔȈȋȈȏȐȕȍ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȒ ȊșȚȘȍȊȖȎȐȓȖ
ǴȦȓȤȜȍȘȚȈ
ǾȍȓțȦ ȕȖȟȤ ǪȖȚȈȕ ȕȍ șȗȈȓ
ǷȖȚțȠȐȊ ȖȋȖȕȤ Ȋ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚȍ Ȗȕ șȐȌȍȓ Ȑ ȖȉȌțȔȣȊȈȓ ȗȖȓȖ-
ȎȍȕȐȍ ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ ȒȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȔȖȋ ȚȈȑȕȖ ȗȘȖȕȐȒȕțȚȤ Ȓ șȚȈȘȐ-
Ȓț Ȑ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȚȖȚ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȉȣ ȒȈȒȈȧ țșȐȓȍȕȕȈȧ Ȑ Ȋ ȚȖ Ȏȍ
ȊȘȍȔȧ șȐșȚȍȔȈȚȐȟȍșȒȈȧ Ȑ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȈȧ ȘȈȉȖȚȈ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȓȈ Ȋ
ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ǪȖȚȈȕȈ
Ƕȕ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ș ȒȘȍșȓȈ ȓȐȠȤ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ șȒȊȖȏȤ ȕȍȗȓȖȚ-
ȕȖ ȏȈȌȊȐȕțȚȣȍ ȏȈȕȈȊȍșȐ Ȋ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚ ȗȘȖȕȐȒȓȐ ȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȖȚȉȓȍ-
șȒȐ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȦȡȍȋȖșȧ Ȍȕȧ Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȖ țȓȐȞȍ ȗȘȖȍȝȈȓȈ ȋȓțȝȖ
ȋȘȍȔȧ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȌȍȘȍȊȧȕȕȣȔȐ ȒȖȓȍșȈȔȐ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȈȧ ȋȘțȏȖȊȈȧ
ȈȘȉȈ ș ȗȘȖȕȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȒȘȐȟȈȡȐȔ ȕȈ ȓȖȠȈȌȍȑ Ȑ ȡȍȓȒȈȦȡȐȔ
ȉȐȟȖȔ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȍȔ
ǵȈ ȓȐȞȍ ǪȖȚȈȕȈ ȐȋȘȈȓȈ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȈȧ Ȑ ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ țȓȣȉ-
ȒȈ Ƕȕ ȗȖȏȊȖȕȐȓ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȓ ȍȡȍ ȗȖȓțȖȌȍȚȖȔț Ȑ ȏȈșȗȈȕȕȖȔț
ȓȈȒȍȦ ȒȖȕȊȍȘȚ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȊ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ șȕȍșȚȐ ȍȋȖ ȗȖ ȈȌȘȍșț
XXII
ǷȐșȤȔȖ ȖȉȌțȔȈȕȕȖȍ ǪȖȚȈȕȖȔ Ȋ ȕȖȟȤ ȕȈ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȌȍȊȧ-
ȚȖȍ ȖȒȚȧȉȘȧ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ
Ƕȕ ȎȐȓ ȕȈ șȈȔȖȑ ȖȒȘȈȐȕȍ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ ȚȈȔ ȋȌȍ țȎȍ ȕȈȟȐȕȈ-
ȓȐșȤ ȋȓȐȕȧȕȣȍ ȗȖșȚȘȖȑȒȐ ȒȖȘȍȑȞȍȊ Ȑ ȋȌȍ ȐȏȉȍȋȈȓȐ ȎȐȚȤ
ȘțșșȒȐȍ ȎȐȚȍȓȐ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ

112
ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ șȚȈȘȐȟȖȒ ȟȍȘȕȣȑ ȖȚ ȏȈȋȈȘȈ ș ȋțșȚȖȑ
ȡȍȚȒȖȑ șȍȌȣȝ Ȑ ȎȍșȚȒȐȝ ȒȈȒ ȡȍȚȐȕȈ ȊȖȓȖș șȓȐȊȈȊȠȐȝșȧ
ș ȉȖȘȖȌȖȑ Ȑ ș ȉȘȖȊȧȔȐ ǰȏ-ȗȖȌ ȋțșȚȣȝ ȕȈȊȐșȠȐȝ ȒțșȚȈȔȐ
ȉȘȖȊȍȑ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ șȍȘȣȍ ȏȖȘȒȐȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȒȈȒȐȍ ȉȣȊȈȦȚ ȚȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ț ȔȖȘȧȒȖȊ
ǰ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ dzȈȊȘȍȕȚȐȑ ǪȖȓȒȖȊ ȉȣȓ ȔȖȘȧȒȖȔ ǹȒȖ-
Șȍȍ ȕȍ ȔȖȘȧȒȖȔ Ȉ ȗȐȘȈȚȖȔ ǵȖ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȒȖȋ-
ȌȈ ȍȡȍ ȔȕȖȋȐȍ Ȑȏ ȗȖȟȚȍȕȕȣȝ ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕ ȖȗȐșȣȊȈȍȔȖȋȖ ȋȖȘȖ-
ȌȈ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȓȐșȤ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȗȘȖȔȣșȓȖȔ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȐȊȠȐȔ ȐȔ
ȊȗȖșȓȍȌșȚȊȐȐ ȗȖșȚȘȖȐȚȤ ȌȖȔȈ ȗȘȐȖȉȘȍșȚȐ ȓȍșȈ ȘțȌȕȐȒȐ Ȑ
ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȣ
dzȈȊȘȍȕȚȐȑ ǪȖȓȒȖȊ ȓȍȚ ȚȘȐȌȞȈȚȤ ȗȧȚȤ ȕȈȏȈȌ ȕȈ ȖȉȣȒ-
ȕȖȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȖȑ ȚȘȍȝȔȈȟȚȖȊȖȑ ȉȈȘȎȍ ȝȖȌȐȓ ȗȖ ȔȖȘȦ Ȑ
ȝȖȌȐȓ ȖȚȓȐȟȕȖ ǭȋȖ șțȌȕȖ ȏȕȈȓȐ Ȋ ǨȓȧșȒȍ Ȑ ȕȈ DzȈȔȟȈȚȒȍ Ȉ
ș ȒȐȚȈȑȞȈȔȐ Ȋ ǿȐȜț Ȗȕ Ȋȍȓ ȖȎȐȊȓȍȕȕțȦ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȓȦ ǷȘȈȊ-
ȌȈ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ ǪȖȓȒȖȊ ȉȘȖșȈȓ Ȋ ȗțȟȐȕț ȏȈȠȐȚȣȝ Ȋ ȗȈȘțș,
ș ȗȘȐȊȧȏȈȕȕȣȔ Ȓ ȕȖȋȈȔ ȒȈȔȕȍȔ ȚȖ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȚȖ ȌȊțȝ ȔȈȚȘȖ-
șȖȊ ț ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȗȖȟȍȔț-ȚȖ ȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȐșȤ ȗȘȖșȚȘȍȓȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȋȘțȌȤ
ȐȓȐ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ Ȉ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȌȣȘ ȖȚ ȗțȓȤ Ȑ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȍ ȉȍȓȣȍ ȡȍȓȐ
ȊȐȌȕȍȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȘȈȏȕȣȝ ȔȍșȚȈȝ ȉȖȘȚȖȊ ȟȍȘȕȖȑ ȉȈȘȎȐ
ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ǪȖȓȒȖȊ ȗȖȏȈȉȣȓ șȊȖȍ ȉțȘȕȖȍ ȗȘȖȠȓȖȍ Ȑ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȓ-
șȧ ȔȐȘȕȣȔ ȌȍȓȖȔ
ǵȈ ȋȓȈȊȕȖȑ țȓȐȞȍ Ȋ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȍȍ ȉȓȐȎȍ Ȓ ȒȈȏȈȘȔȈȔ Ȗȕ ȌȍȘ-
ȎȈȓ ȓȈȘȍȒ Ȑ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȈȓ ȧȉȓȖȒȈȔȐ ȔȈȕȌȈȘȐȕȈȔȐ ȖȘȍȝȈȔȐ
ȒȊȈșȖȔ Ȑ ȗȈȗȐȘȖșȈȔȐ ǯȌȍșȤ Ȏȍ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȉȣȓ Ȋ ȕȈȌȍȎ-
ȕȖȔ ȔȍșȚȍ ȏȈȗȘȧȚȈȕ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȏȈȗȈș ȉțȚȣȓȖȒ ș ȊȖȌȒȖȑ Ȑ ȘȖ-
ȔȖȔ Ȑ ȥȚȖ ȌȈȊȈȓȖ ȍȔț ȝȖȘȖȠȐȑ ȌȖȝȖȌ
ǺȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ǪȖȓȒȖȊ ȎȐȓ ȕȍ ȘȖȗȡȈ ȕȈ șțȌȤȉț Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ
ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȎȍȓȈȕȕȣȔ ȋȖșȚȍȔ Ȋ ȌȖȔȈȝ Ȋșȍȝ șȚȈȘȣȝ ȖȉȐȚȈȚȍȓȍȑ
ȋȖȘȖȌȈ Ǫșȍ ȖȕȐ ȏȕȈȓȐ ǪȖȓȒȖȊȈ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȖȠȓțȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ ǰ
ǪȖȓȒȖȊ ȏȕȈȓ Ȗ ȕȐȝ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȊșȦ ȗȖȌȕȖȋȖȚȕțȦ Ȑ ȖȕȐ Ȋșȍ ȎȐȓȐ
ȔȐȘȕȖ țȊȈȎȈȧ Ȑ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȚȘȖȋȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȓȦȉȧ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋȈ
ǪȖȓȒȖȊ ȗȘȖȟȐȚȈȊ ȗȐșȤȔȖ ǪȖȚȈȕȈ ȕȈȝȔțȘȐȓșȧ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ
ȗȖșȓȈȕȕȖȔț
— ǷȍȘȍȌȈȑ ȟȚȖ șȈȔ ȏȈȑȌț
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȟȈș Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ țȎȍ ț ǪȖȚȈȕȈ Ȑ ȖȕȐ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȠȍȗȚȈȓȐșȤ
șȐȌȧ Ȋ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚȍ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ ȗȘȐȟȍȔ ǪȖȓȒȖȊ ȗȐȓ șȚȈȒȈȕ ȏȈ șȚȈ-
ȒȈȕȖȔ ȕȈȋȘȍȚȣȑ ȘȖȔ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ Ȗȕ ȉȘȖșȈȓ ȒȘțȗȕȣȑ ȜȘȈȕ-

113
ȞțȏșȒȐȑ ȟȍȘȕȖșȓȐȊ ȊȣȚȈșȒȐȊȈȧ ȍȋȖ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȚȖȓșȚȣȔȐ Ȑ
ȋȘȧȏȕȣȔȐ ȗȈȓȤȞȈȔȐ Ȑȏ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȉȈȕȒȐ DzȖȋȌȈ ǪȖȓȒȖȊ ȗȘȖ-
ȡȈȓșȧ Ȑ țȎȍ șȖȉȐȘȈȓșȧ ȊȣȑȚȐ ȖȚ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ Ȗȕ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȒȈȒ ȚȖ
ȒȘȐȊȖ țȓȣȉȕțȊȠȐșȤ
— ǪȘȍȔȍȕȈ ȕȍșȗȖȒȖȑȕȣȍ — Ȋșȍ ȔȖȎȕȖ țșȚȘȖȐȚȤ ǨȊȖșȤ
ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ Ȑ ȗȖȌȊȍȘȕȍȚșȧ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȌșȖȉȐȚ"
ǪȖȓȒȖȊ țȋȈȌȈȓ ǺȈȒȐȍ șȖȉȣȚȐȧ șȓțȟȐȓȐșȤ
ǩȣȓȖ ȥȚȖ ȚȘȐȌȞȈȚȖȋȖ ȖȒȚȧȉȘȧ Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓȖșȤ ș șȈȔȖȋȖ țȚȘȈ
ǶȚȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ șȚȈȓȐ ȗȖȧȊȓȧȚȤșȧ ȕȈ țȓȐȞȈȝ ȚȖȓȗȣ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȝ Ȑ
ȓȦȌȍȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ Ȋ ȖȉȣȟȕȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȈȓ Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌȍ
ǶȕȐ ȗȘȧȚȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȘȈȏȕȣȝ ȚȘțȡȖȉȈȝ Ȑ ȓȐȠȤ Ȋ ȓȍȚȕȦȦ ȗȖȘț
ȐȓȐ ȗȖȏȌȕȍȑ ȖșȍȕȤȦ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȓȐ Ȋ ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕțȦ ǻșșțȘȐȑ-
șȒțȦ ȚȈȑȋț ȕȈ «ȗȘȖȔȣșȍȓ» ǶȕȐ ȊȣșȓȍȎȐȊȈȓȐ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȍȊ Ȑ
ȒȖȘȍȑȞȍȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȋ ȋȖȘȕȣȝ țȡȍȓȤȧȝ ȌȐȒȖȋȖ ǹȐȝȖȚȥ-ǨȓȐ-
ȕȧ ȐșȒȈȓȐ ȏȖȓȖȚȖ ȐȓȐ ȟțȌȖȌȍȑșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȒȖȘȕȐ ȎȍȕȤȠȍȕȧ
Ȑ ȕȈȋȘțȎȍȕȕȣȍ ȥȚȖȑ ȌȖȉȣȟȍȑ ȉȘȍȓȐ ȌȖȔȖȑ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȍȊȈȧ
Ȗ ȗȘȐȚȈȐȊȠȐȝșȧ Ȑ ȎȌțȡȐȝ Ȑȝ ȓȦȌȧȝ Ǩ ȥȚȐ ȓȦȌȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȖȗȈș-
ȕȍȍ Ȑ ȒȘȖȊȖȎȈȌȕȍȍ ȟȍȔ ȗȍșȚȘȣȑ ȓȍșȕȖȑ ȝȐȡȕȐȒ
«ȓȈȔȈȏȈ» * ǵȐ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȟȍȔ ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȕȈȊȓȐȊȈȓȐșȤ ȥȚȐ
ȝȐȡȕȐȒȐ Ȑ ȗȖȗȈȊ-ȠȐȑ ȐȔ Ȋ ȘțȒȐ ȗȘȖșȚȖȊȈȚȣȑ «ȔȈȕȏȈ»**, ș
ȗȘȖșȚȘȍȓȍȕȕȣȔ ȏȈ-ȚȣȓȒȖȔ ȐȓȐ ȗȍȘȍȘȍȏȈȕȕȣȔ ȋȖȘȓȖȔ
ȌȖȓȋȖ ȗȓȣȓ ȗȖ ȉțȘȕȣȔ Ȑ ȗțșȚȣȕȕȣȔ ȊȖȌȈȔ ǬȈțȉȐ-ǽȍ ȐȓȐ
ǹțȟȈȕȈ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȟȍȔ Ȑȏ-ȉȐ
Ț
ȣȑȖȒ
Ȉ
Ȕ
ȕ
ȐȚȘțȗȍ
ȋ
Ȗȕ
ȍ
ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȓ Ȋ șȊȖȐ ȉȍȏȋȘȈȕȐȟȕȣȍ ȖȉȢȧȚȐȧ ȖȒȍȈȕ
ǬȘțȋȐȍ Ȑȏ ȗȖȧȊȐȊȠȐȝșȧ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȕȈ ȋȖȘȖȌșȒȐȝ țȓȐȞȈȝ
ȓȦȌȍȑ ȖȉȣȟȕȖ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȓȐ ȕȖȟȐ Ȋ ȝȈȘȟȍȊȕȧȝ ȗȘȖȗȐȊȈȧ ȚȖ
ȟȚȖ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȔ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȍȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȔ ȚȘțȌȖȔ ȏȈȘȈȉȈȚȣȊȈȓȐ
ȖȕȐ Ȋ ȗȖȘȚț ȋȌȍ ȋȘțȏȐȓȐ Ȑ ȘȈȏȋȘțȎȈȓȐ șțȌȈ Ȑ ȉȈȘȒȐ ȚȈș-
ȒȈȓȐ țȋȖȓȤ Ȑ ȒȈȔȕȐ Ȍȓȧ ȕȈȉȍȘȍȎȕȖȑ
Ǫșȍ ȋțȡȍ Ȑ șȔȍȓȍȍ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȐșȤ ȥȚȐ ȚȖȓȗȣ ǶȕȐ ȗȖșȚȍ-
ȗȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȡȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȍ șȒȖȗȐȡȈ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȍȕȕȣȝ
Ȑ ȎȈȌȕȖ ȗȖȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȊȠȐȝ ȕȈ ȉȖȋȈȚȣȍ ȌȖȔȈ Ȑ ȔȈȋȈȏȐȕȣ ȓȦ-
Ȍȍȑ ǰȏ ȚȖȓȗȣ ȋȘȖȔȟȍ Ȑ ȟȈȡȍ ȘȈȏȌȈȊȈȓȐșȤ ȒȘȐȒȐ ȕȍȕȈȊȐ-
șȚȐ Ȑ ȔȍșȚȐ
* Ɍɢɝɪ
** Ʉɢɬɚɟɰ

114
ǷȖȚȖȔ ȗȘȐȠȓȐ ȕȖȊȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ Ǻȍ ȏȕȈȓȐ ȏȈȟȍȔ ȖȕȐ ȗȘȐ-
ȠȓȐ Ȑ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ Ȋ ȉȍșȗȖȘȧȌȖȟȕȖȑ Ȑ ȠțȔȧȡȍȑ ȚȖȓȗȍ ȗȖȧ-
ȊȐȓȖșȤ ȘȍȠȍȕȐȍ
dzȦȌȐ ȘȈȏȌȍȓȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȖȚȘȧȌȣ Ȑ ȗȖȠȓȐ Ȋ ȘȈȏȕȣȍ ȟȈșȚȐ
ȋȖȘȖȌȈ
ǫȓȈȊȕȈȧ țȓȐȞȈ ȖȗțșȚȍȓȈ Ȑ, ȒȖȋȌȈ țȏȕȈȊȠȐȑ Ȗ șȉȖȘȐȡȍ
ǪȖȓȒȖȊ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȉȍȋȖȔ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ Ȓ șȊȖȍȔț ȓȈȘȦ Ȗȕ ȕȐȒȖȋȖ
țȎȍ ȕȍ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓ ȕȐ Ȋ ȥȚȖȑ ȟȈșȚȐ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ ȕȐ ȕȈ ȋȓȈȊȕȖȑ țȓȐ-
Ȟȍ ǵȖ, ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ șȖȉȐȘȈȓșȧ ȗȖȑȚȐ ȕȈ ȗȖȐșȒȐ țȠȍȌȠȍȑ ȒțȌȈ-
ȚȖ ȚȖȓȗȣ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȊȣșȖȒȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ ȔȈȋȈȏȐȕȈ «ǬȈȕȋȍȓȐȌȍȘȈ»
ȊȏȔȍȚȕțȓșȧ ȒȊȍȘȝț șȚȖȓȉ ȟȍȘȕȖȋȖ ȌȣȔȈ Ȉ ȊșȓȍȌ ȏȈ ȥȚȐȔ
șȚȈȓȐ ȊșȒȐȌȣȊȈȚȤșȧ ȓȍȋȒȐȍ șȓȖȊȕȖ țȓȍȚȈȦȡȐȍ Ȓ ȖȉȓȈȒȈȔ Ȑ
ȘȈșȗȓȣȊȈȦȡȐȍșȧ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ ȧȏȣȒȐ ȗȓȈȔȍȕȐ ǹȓȖȊȕȖ ȗȖ șȐȋ-
ȕȈȓț ȚȈȒȐȍ Ȏȍ șȚȖȓȉȣ ȌȣȔȈ Ȑ ȗȓȈȔȍȕȐ ȗȖȧȊȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȒȐȚȈȑ-
șȒȖȑ Ȑ ȧȗȖȕșȒȖȑ șȓȖȉȖȌȈȝ Ȑ ȕȈ șȚȈȘȖȔ ȉȈȏȈȘȍ ȕȈ șȈȔȖȔ ȉȍ-
Șȍȋț ȏȈȓȐȊȈ
«ǮȋțȚ ȋȖȘȖȌ — ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ ǪȖȓȒȖȊ — ǺȍȗȍȘȤ Ȋșȍ ȔȖȎȕȖ
șȌȍȓȈȚȤ..»
ǩȘȖșȐȊ ȒȓȦȟȐ Ȏȍȕȍ Ȗȕ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ȍȑ
— ǯȈȗȐȘȈȑ ȓȈȘȤ
ǪȖȓȒȖȊ ȗȖȉȍȎȈȓ ȕȈ DzȐȚȈȑșȒțȦ țȓȐȞț
ǺȈȔ Ȗȕ șȘȈȏț ȕȣȘȕțȓ Ȋ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȍ ȔȖȘȍ ǷȤȧȕȣȍ ȊȖȏ-
ȉțȎȌȍȕȕȣȍ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȤȦ ȘȈȏȋȘȖȔȈ ȓȦȌȐ ȒȘȐȟȈȓȐ ȉȍȋȈȓȐ
ȖȚ ȌȖȔȈ Ȓ ȌȖȔț ȐȏȉȐȊȈȓȐ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȍȊ ș ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊțȦȡȐȔ ȒȘȐ-
ȒȖȔ ȗȖȌȎȐȋȈȓȐ ȓȍȋȒȐȍ ȗȖșȚȘȖȑȒȐ Ȑ șȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȓȐ Ȟȍȓȣȍ ȒȖșȚ-
Șȣ Ȑȏ ȔȍȉȍȓȐ ȞȐȕȖȊȖȒ Ȑ ȒȈȘȚȐȕ Ȋ ȌȊțȝȥȚȈȎȕȣȝ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȣȝ
ȌȖȔȈȝ ȋȌȍ ȦȚȐȓȐșȤ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȍ ȝȈȘȟȍȊȕȐ Ȑ ȕȖȟȓȍȎȒȐ —«ȝȖȑ-
ȔȐ».ǪșȒȖȘȍ Ȋșȧ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȈȧ Ȑ ȧȗȖȕșȒȈȧ țȓȐȞȣ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȓȐ
șȖȉȖȑ ȌȊȍ șȗȓȖȠȕȣȍ șȚȍȕȣ Ȗȋȕȧ ǹ ȚȘȍșȒȖȔ Ȑ șȊȐșȚȖȔ ȕȖ-
șȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ ȋȖȓȖȊȕȐ ȋȖȘȧȡȈȧ ȉțȔȈȋȈ Ȑ ȖȉȘȣȊȒȐ ȓȍȋ-
ȒȐȝ ȚȒȈȕȍȑ ǮȈȓȖȉȕȖ ȊȣȓȐ șȖȉȈȒȐ Ȑ ȗȘȖȕȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȏȈțȕȣȊ-
ȕȖ ȔȧțȒȈȓȐ ȒȖȠȒȐ ǹ ȒȘȐȒȖȔ Ȑ ȗȘȐȟȐȚȈȕȐȧȔȐ țȉȍȋȈȓȐ ȗȖ
ȐȌțȡȐȔ Ȓ ȋȓȈȊȕȖȑ țȓȐȞȍ ȗȍȘȍțȓȒȈȔ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȣ ȊȖȓȖȟȈ ȏȈ
șȖȉȖȑ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ Ȑ ȌȍȚȍȑ Ȑ ȕȍșȧ ȕȈ ȗȓȍȟȈȝ ȌȘȍȊȕȐȝ șȚȈȘȐȒȖȊ
ș ȌȓȐȕȕȣȔȐ Ȑ ȚȖȕȒȐȔȐ șȍȌȣȔȐ țșȈȔȐ Ǩ ȚȖȓȗȈ ȗȘȐ șȊȐșȚȍ
Ȑ ȊȖȍ ȗȓȈȔȍȕȐ ȉȍșȕȖȊȈȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȘȈȌȖȊȈȓȈșȤ
— ǶȚȖȔșȚȐȓȐ ȎȍȓȚȣȔ — ȒȘȐȟȈȓȐ Ȋ ȚȖȓȗȍ

115
ǷȖ țȓȐȞȈȔ ș ȋȘȖȝȖȚȖȔ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȕȣȔȐ șȊȐșȚȒȈȔȐ ȌȘȖȎȈ-
ȡȐȔȐ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ ȏȊțȒȈȔȐ ȘȖȎȒȖȊ Ȑ ȏȊȖȕȖȔ ȗȘȖȕȍșșȧ ȗȖȎȈȘ-
ȕȣȑ ȖȉȖȏ ǭȋȖ ȏȈȌȍȘȎȈȓȐ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȔ ȔȍșȚȍ ȋȌȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȏȈ-
ȕȧȓșȧ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȌȍȘȍȊȧȕȕȣȑ ȌȖȔ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȖȋȖ ȉȈȕȒȐȘȈ Ȑ ȘȖș-
ȚȖȊȡȐȒȈ ǽȖ-ǯȈȕȈ ȕȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȕȈȌ ȌȍȘȍȊȧȕȕȣȔȐ ȉȈȘȈ-
ȒȈȔȐ ȉȈȏȈȘȈ ȏȈȗȓȧșȈȓȖ ȏȈȉȐȓȖșȤ ȗȓȈȔȧ Ȑ ȗȖȎȈȘȕȣȍ ȗȖȔȟȈ-
ȓȐșȤ Ȋ Țț șȚȖȘȖȕț
ǰȏȌȈȓȍȒȈ șȓȣȠȈȓȐșȤ șȐȋȕȈȓȣ ț ȒȈȏȈȘȔ Ȑ ȊȈȝȚȍȕȕȣȍ ȏȊȖȕ-
ȒȐ ȕȈ ȚȘȍȊȖȋț
ǺȖȓȗȈ ȊȘȣȊȈȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȌȖȔȈ ȊȣȕȖșȐȓȈ ȘȈȏȕȣȍ ȊȍȡȐ Ȑ ȚțȚ
Ȏȍ ȘȈȏȉȐȊȈȓȈ Ȑ ȘȈȏȕȖșȐȓȈ Ȑȝ Ȋ ȡȍȗȒȐ ȖșȒȖȓȒȐ Ȑ ȎȈȓȒȐȍ
ȖȉȘȣȊȒȐ ǫȘȈȉȍȎȈ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ǩȣȓȈ ȎȈȎȌȈ ȘȈȏȘțȠȍȕȐȧ Ȑ șȔțȚ-
ȕȖ ȗȖșȚȐȋȈȍȔȖȑ ȔȍșȚȐ
Ǩ Ȑȏ ȟȍȘȕȣȝ ȒȘȖȚȖȊȣȝ ȕȖȘ Ȑȏ ȔȘȈȟȕȣȝ ȓȖȋȖȊȐȡ ȋȌȍ
ȦȚȐȓȐșȤ ȖȚȊȍȘȎȍȕȕȣȍ ȏȈȉȐȚȣȍ șțȌȤȉȖȑ Ȑ ȎȐȏȕȤȦ ȓȦȌȐ Ȋȣ-
ȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȕȖȊȣȍ Ȑ ȕȖȊȣȍ ȚȖȓȗȣ ǰȝ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ ȖȝȊȈȚȣȊȈȓ ȊȐȝȘȤ
ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȏȓȖȊȍȡȍȋȖ ȊȍșȍȓȤȧ șȘȍȌȐ ȚȘȍșȒȈ Ȑ șȊȐșȚȈ ȗȓȈ-
ȔȍȕȐ ȏȊȖȕȈ ȓȖȗȈȦȡȐȝșȧ ȖȚ Ȗȋȕȧ șȚȍȒȖȓ Ȑ ȋȘȖȝȖȚȈ ȖȉȊȈȓȐ-
ȊȈȦȡȐȝșȧ Ȏȍȓȍȏȕȣȝ ȉȈȓȖȒ Ȑ ȘȈȏȘțȠȈȦȡȐȝșȧ șȚȍȕ
dzȦȌȐ ȗȍȘȍȒȓȐȒȈȓȐșȤ șȉȐȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȚȖȓȗȣ ȒȈȒ șȚȈȐ ȝȐȡ-
ȕȐȒȖȊ ȗȖȌȉȈȌȘȐȊȈȓȐ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȈȓȐ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋȈ Ȑ ȠȓȐ ȌȈȓȤ-
Ƞȍ șȘȍȌȐ ȌȣȔȈ ȖȉȎȐȋȈȍȔȣȍ ȗȘȖȉȐȊȈȦȡȐȔșȧ ȖȚȖȊșȦȌț ȗȓȈ-
ȔȍȕȍȔ
DzțȌȈ Ȑ ȏȈȟȍȔ ȠȓȐ ȖȕȐ — ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ
ǯȕȈȓȐ ȓȐȠȤ ȓȦȌȐ ȗȘȐȕȍșȠȐȍ ȘȍȠȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȊȍȌțȡȐȍ ȚȖȓ-
ȗț ȕȈ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ ȚȍȔȕȖȍ ȒȘȖȊȈȊȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ ȒȖȔț-ȚȖ ȕțȎȕȖȍ Ȑ ȌȈȊ-
ȕȖ ȏȈȌțȔȈȕȕȖȍ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȚȖȓȗȈ ȘȈȏȋȖȘȧȟȍȕȕȈȧ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȕȣȔ ȘȈȏȋȘȖȔȖȔ,
ȘȈșȚȍȒȈȓȈșȤ ȗȖ ȉȖȒȖȊȣȔ țȓȐȞȈȔ șȉȍȋȈȧ Ȓ ȔȖȘȦ Ȑ țșȚȘȍȔ-
ȓȧȧșȤ Ȓ ǫȕȐȓȖȔț ǻȋȓț Ȑ Ȓ ǴȈȚȘȖșșȒȖȑ ǹȓȖȉȖȌȒȍ ȕȍȌȈȓȍȒȖ
ȖȚ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ «ǨȘȚȐȋ Ȑ Ǫȍȑș» ȚȖȓȗȈ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȈșȤ ȚȈȒ
ȒȈȒ ȏȌȍșȤ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȑ ȊșȍȔ ȥȚȐȔ ȓȦȌȧȔ ȓȈȊȖȟȕȐȒ ǪȖȓȒȖȊ ȊȌȘțȋ
ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ
— Ǩ «ǨȘȚȐȋ Ȑ Ǫȍȑș»" ǸȈȏȊȍ ȖȕȐ ȔȈȓȖ ȗȐȓȐ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȒȘȖ-
ȊȐ"
— ǩȍȑ Ƕ-Ȗ-ȋȖ — ȏȈȊȖȗȐȓȈ ȚȖȓȗȈ
ǹ ȘȈȏȕȣȝ ȔȍșȚ ȗȖșȓȣȠȈȓȐșȤ Țȍ ȋȘȖȏȕȣȍ ȏȈȊȣȊȈȕȐȧ ȗȖ-
șȓȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȊȏȌȣȔȈȓșȧ ȟȍȘȕȣȑ ȌȣȔ Ȑ Ȑȏ ȖȒȖȕ ȕȈ-

116
ȟȐȕȈȓȐ ȊȣȘȣȊȈȚȤșȧ ȋȖȘȧȟȐȍ ȧȏȣȒȐ ȗȓȈȔȍȕȐ Ǫșȍ ȋȘȖȔȟȍ Ȑ
ȋȘȖȔȟȍ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȐșȤ ȒȘȐȒȐ Ȑ ȚȖȓȗȈ ȘȈȏȉȍȎȈȊȠȐșȤ ȗȖ ȕȍș-
ȒȖȓȤȒȐȔ țȓȐȞȈȔ ȗȘȐȔȣȒȈȊȠȐȔ Ȓ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȔț țȟȈșȚȒț ȗȘȐ-
ȕȈȌȓȍȎȈȡȍȔț ȚȖȘȋȖȊȖȔț ȌȖȔț șȖ Ȋșȍȝ șȚȖȘȖȕ ȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȗȖȌȉȐ-
ȘȈȚȤșȧ Ȓ ȉȖȒȖȊȣȔ ȜȓȐȋȍȓȧȔ Ȑ șȒȓȈȌȈȔ ǵȐȒȖȔț ȕȍ ȐȏȊȍșȚ-
ȕȣȍ ȏȈȋȈȌȖȟȕȣȍ ȓȐȟȕȖșȚȐ Ȋ ȕȈȝȓȖȉțȟȍȕȕȣȝ ȕȈ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȠȈȗ-
ȒȈȝ ȐȏȕȖȠȍȕȕȣȝ șȈȗȖȋȈȝ Ȑ ȘȊȈȕȣȝ ȗȖȓțȠțȉȒȈȝ Ȑ ȗȈȓȤȚȖ,
ȠȓȐ ȊȗȍȘȍȌȐ
ǪȖȓȒȖȊ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȊșȦȌț
ǸȈȏȔȈȝȐȊȈȧ ȘțȒȈȔȐ Ȗȕ ȖȉȢȧșȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȋȘțȗȗȍ ȔȈȚȘȖșȖȊ
ș ȏȐȔȖȊȈȊȠȐȝ Ȋ ȗȖȘȚț ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȖȊ Ȑ ȟȈșȚȖ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȓ
— «ǨȘȚȐȋ Ȑ Ǫȍȑș» Ƕȕ ȗȘȖȌȈȍȚ ȚȖȊȈȘȣ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȝȖȟȍȚ DzȖ-
ȋȌȈ ț ȘțșșȒȐȝ ȒțȗȞȖȊ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȚȖȊȈȘȖȊ Ȗȕ ȚȖȗȐȚ Ȑȝ ȗȘȖȌȈȊȈȧ
ș țȉȣȚȒȖȔ ȚȖȊȈȘȣ ȗȖ ȌȍȠȍȊȖȑ Ȟȍȕȍ DzȖȋȌȈ Ȏȍ ȕȍȚ ȚȖȊȈȘȖȊ
Ȗȕ ș ȕȈș ȚȘȐ ȠȒțȘȣ ȌȍȘȍȚ ǯȕȈȦ ȧ «ǨȘȚȐȋȈ Ȑ ǪȍȑșȈ» ǷȘȖȒ-
ȓȧȚȣȍ ȕȍȔȞȣ
ǺȈȒ Ȏȍ ȒȘȈșȕȖȘȍȟȐȊȖ Ȑ țȉȍȎȌȍȕȕȖ ȚȖȓȒȖȊȈȓ Ȗȕ ș ȔȘȈȟ-
ȕȣȔȐ țȋȘȦȔȖ ȔȖȓȟȈȊȠȐȔȐ ȓȦȌȤȔȐ șȖȉȘȈȊȠȐȔȐșȧ ȊȉȓȐ-
ȏȐ ȔȈȋȈȏȐȕȈ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ Ȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȐȔ
— ǵȐ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȘțșșȒȖȋȖ ȕȈ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȍ ȔȍșȚȖ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȔȍȚ ǪȖ-
ȚȈȕ Ǫșȍ ȕȍȔȞȣ ȌȈ ȕȍȔȞȣ
ǺȈȔ ȋȌȍ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț șȒȓȈȌȖȊ țȎȍ ȗȘȖȉȐȘȈȓȈșȤ ȊȈȚȈȋȈ ȗȖȘ-
ȚȖȊȣȝ ȖȉȖȘȊȈȕȞȍȊ ǪȖȓȒȖȊ ȠȍȗȚȈȓ
— ǪȈȓȐ, ȘȍȉȧȚȈ ǺȈȔ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȊșȧȒȖȋȖ ȌȖȉȘȈ șȓȖȎȍȕȖ
ǷȖșȓȍ ȥȚȐȝ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȖȊ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȔ țȋȓț țȟȈșȚȒȈ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȍ-
ȔȖȋȖ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȣȔ ȌȖȔȖȔ «ǨȘȚȐȋ Ȑ Ǫȍȑș» ȋȘȖȔȟȍ ȏȈȊȣȓȈ ȚȖȓ-
ȗȈ ȘȈȏȌȈȓșȧ ȏȊȖȕ ȘȈȏȉȐȊȈȍȔȣȝ șȚȍȒȖȓ Ȑ ȋȓțȝȖȍ ȋțȌȍȕȐȍ Ȏȍ-
ȓȍȏȈ Ȉ ȊșȓȍȌ ȏȈ ȥȚȐȔ Ȋșȗȣȝȕțȓ ȗȖȎȈȘ Ȋ ȌȓȐȕȕȖȔ ȈȔȉȈȘȍ
ȋȌȍ ȉȣȓ șȓȖȎȍȕ ȉțȔȈȎȕȣȑ ȚȖȊȈȘ
ǪȖȓȒȖȊ ȉȣȓ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ șȗȖȒȖȍȕ Ƕȕ ȊȣȉȍȎȈȓ ȕȈ ȋȓȈȊȕțȦ țȓȐ-
Ȟț Ȑ ȊșȒȖȟȐȊ ȕȈ ȗȍȘȊȖȋȖ ȗȖȗȈȊȠȍȋȖșȧ ȐȏȊȖȏȟȐȒȈ ȗȖȍȝȈȓ Ȓ
ǪȖȚȈȕț
ǪȖȑȌȧ Ȋ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚ Ȓ șȚȈȘȐȒț ǪȖȓȒȖȊ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǬȍȓȖ șȌȍȓȈȕȖ ǻȍȏȎȈȑȚȍ ȌȖ ȊȍȟȍȘȈ
DzȖȋȌȈ ǪȖȚȈȕ ȍȝȈȓ ȓȍșȕȖȑ ȌȖȘȖȋȖȑ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȉȓȐȎȈȑȠȍȑ
ȌȈȟȕȖȑ ȔȍșȚȕȖșȚȐ ȕȈȌ ȋȖȘȖȌȖȔ ȕȖșȐȓȐșȤ Ȓȓțȉȣ ȟȍȘȕȖȋȖ
ȌȣȔȈ șȕȐȏț ȖȏȈȘȍȕȕȣȍ ȉȈȋȘȖȊȣȔ ȖȚȉȓȍșȒȖȔ ȗȖȎȈȘȈ
ǹȚȘȈȕȕȖȍ Ȑ ȔȘȈȟȕȖȍ ȏȘȍȓȐȡȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȓ șȖȉȖȑ ȋȖȘȖȌ

117
ǻȝȖȌȧȡȐȑ ȚȍȘȘȈșȈȔȐ Ȋ ȋȖȘȣ Ȗȕ ȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȋȖȘȧȡȐȔ ȈȔȜȐ-
ȚȍȈȚȘȖȔ
ǹȕȐȏț ș ȋȈȊȈȕȐ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȊșȗȣȝȐȊȈȓȐ ȖȌȐȕ
ȏȈ ȌȘțȋȐȔ ȌȖȔȈ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȖȊȈȓȐȊȈȓȐșȤ ȒȘȣȠȐ ȘȈȏȉȘȈșȣȊȈȧ
ȒȘțȋȖȔ ȋȖȓȖȊȕȐ Ȑ ȒțșȒȐ ȘȈșȒȈȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȎȍȓȍȏȈ ȒȈȒ ȘțȠȐȓȐșȤ
șȚȍȕȣ Ȑ Ȑȏ ȖȒȖȕ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȋȖȘȧȡȐȝ ȌȖȔȖȊ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȊȣȘȣ-
ȊȈȓșȧ ȕȈȘțȎț ȒȘȈșȕȣȔ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȔ ȗȖȚȖȒȖȔ ȖȋȖȕȤ
ǺȖȓȗȈ ș ȒȈȎȌȖȑ ȔȐȕțȚȖȑ ȘȖșȓȈ ǸȈșșȍȧȕȕȈȧ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȔ Ȕȍș-
Țȍ ȖȕȈ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ șȖȉȐȘȈȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȌȘțȋȖȔ Ȑ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ țȌȍȘ-
Ȏț ȎȈȌȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȎȍșȚȖȒȖșȚȐ
ǶȌȐȕ ȏȈ ȌȘțȋȐȔ ȏȈȋȖȘȈȓȐșȤ ȔȈȋȈȏȐȕȣ Ȑ ȓȈȊȒȐ dzȦȌȐ ș
ȚȘȍșȒȖȔ ȘȈȏȉȐȊȈȓȐ ȌȊȍȘȐ Ȑ ȖȒȕȈ Ȑ ȊȣȉȘȈșȣȊȈȓȐ Ȑȏ ȌȖȔȖȊ ș
ȌȐȒȐȔȐ ȒȘȐȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȋȘȖȔȒȐȔ șȔȍȝȖȔ ȌȖȘȖȋȐȍ ȚȒȈȕȐ ȌȈȔș-
ȒȐȧ Ƞȓȧȗȣ ȜȈȘȜȖȘȖȊțȦ Ȑ ȝȘțșȚȈȓȤȕțȦ ȗȖșțȌț
Ǫșȍ ȥȚȖ ȗȈȌȈȓȖ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ ȘȈȏȉȐȊȈȓȖșȤ Ȑ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȡȈȓȖșȤ
Ȋ ȋȘȧȏȕȣȍ ȖȉȘȣȊȒȐ Ȑ ȖȉȓȖȔȒȐ ȗȖȌ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ ȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖȑ ȚȘȍ-
ȊȖȎȕȖ ȌȊȐȋȈȦȡȍȑșȧ ȚȖȓȗȣ ǶȕȈ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓȈ, ȍȡȍ ȟȚȖ ȍȑ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ
Ȑ ȏȈ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȐȕȧȚȤșȧ
ǰ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȗȖȔȖȋ dzȈȊȘȍȕȚȐȑ ǪȖȓȒȖȊ
Ƕȕ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ
— ǪȐȕȈ
ǺȖȓȗȈ ȋȘȖȔȟȍ ȏȈȘȍȊȍȓȈ ȏȈȊȐȏȎȈȓȈ Ȑ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ ȉțȚȣȓ-
ȒȐ Ȑ Ȟȍȓȣȍ ȧȡȐȒȐ ș ȊȐȕȖȔ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȗȖȧȊȓȧȚȤșȧ ȕȈ țȓȐȞȍ
ǺțȚ Ȏȍ ȖȚȉȐȊȈȓȐ Ȗ ȚțȔȉȣ ȋȖȘȓȣȠȒȐ ȉțȚȣȓȖȒ Ȑ ȚțȚ Ȏȍ ș
ȝȘȐȗȓȣȔ șȔȍȝȖȔ Ȑ ȋȖȋȖȚȈȕȐȍȔ ȗȐȓȐ ȊȐȕȖ DzȖȍ-ȋȌȍ ȕȈȟȈ-
ȓȐșȤ ȌȘȈȒȐ ȗȖȠȓȐ Ȋ Ȋ ȝȖȌ ȒțȓȈȒȐ Ȑ ȗțșȚȣȍ ȉțȚȣȓȒȐ Ȑ ȊȖ
ȔȕȖȋȐȝ ȔȍșȚȈȝ ȕȈ ȖșȒȖȓȒȈȝ șȚȍȒȓȈ ȊȐȌȕȍȓȈșȤ țȎȍ ȒȘȖȊȤ
ǪȖȓȒȖȊ ȉȍȎȈȓ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȔȈȋȈȏȐȕȈ «ǨȘȚȐȋ Ȑ Ǫȍȑș» Ǫșȍ
ȗȘȐșȚȘȖȑȒȐ Ȑ ȜȓȐȋȍȓȧ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ ȉȣȓȐ țȎȍ Ȋ Ȗȋȕȍ
ǵȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȗȣȚȈȓșȧ ȌȈȎȍ ȚțȠȐȚȤ ȋȖȘȍȊȠȐȝ ȏȌȈȕȐȑ Ǭȓȧ
Ȋșȍȝ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖȕȧȚȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȘȈȉȖȚȈ ȉȍșȞȍȓȤȕȈ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȖȋȖȕȤ Ȗȝ-
ȊȈȚȣȊȈȓ țȎȍ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȊȍșȤ ȋȖȘȖȌ
ǪȖȓȒȖȊ ȊȉȍȎȈȓ Ȋ ȔȈȋȈȏȐȕ Ȑ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȏȌȍșȤ ȒȈȒ Ȑȏ ȊȐȚȘȐȕ
Ȑ ȠȒȈȜȖȊ ȖȉȍȏțȔȍȊȠȐȍ ȓȦȌȐ ȊȣȚȈșȒȐȊȈȓȐ șȍȘȍȉȘȧȕȣȍ Ȑ
ȏȖȓȖȚȣȍ ȊȍȡȐ ȔȍȌȕțȦ ȗȖșțȌț șȈȔȖȊȈȘȣ ȋȖȚȖȊȖȍ ȗȓȈȚȤȍ Ȑ
șȈȗȖȋȐ
ǺȖȓȗȈ ȗȖȌȘȖșȚȒȖȊ ȚȈȡȐȓȈ ȧȡȐȒȐ ș ȠȈȔȗȈȕșȒȐȔ Ȑ ȊȣȉȘȈ-
șȣȊȈȓȈ Ȑȝ Ȋ ȖȒȕȈ

118
Ǫ ȋȓțȉȐȕȍ ȔȈȋȈȏȐȕȈ șȒȊȖȏȤ ȏȈȗȍȘȚȣȍ ȌȊȍȘȐ, țȎȍ ȗȘȖ-
ȘȣȊȈȓșȧ ȌȣȔ Ȑ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓȖșȤ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȍȕȐȍ Ȗȋȕȧ ǪșȒȖȘȍ
ȖȌȕȈ Ȑȏ șȚȍȕ ȏȈȌȣȔȐȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȕȈ ȕȍȑ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȊșȗȣȝȐȊȈȚȤ șȐ-
ȕȍȊȈȚȣȍ ȌȣȔȧȡȐȍ ȖȋȖȕȤȒȐ ǷȓȈȔȧ ȗȘȖȘȊȈȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȋȓȈȊȕȖȍ
ȗȖȔȍȡȍȕȐȍ ȔȈȋȈȏȐȕȈ ǪȖȓȒȖȊ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȗȖȚȖȔ șȝȊȈ-
ȚȐȓ șȚȖȧȡțȦ ȕȈ șȚȖȓȍ ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȎȍșȚȧȕȒț ș ȉȍȕȏȐȕȖȔ Ȑ
ȠȊȣȘȕțȓ ȍȍ Ȋ ȗȓȈȔȧ ǹ ȋȘȖȔȒȐȔ ȋțȓȖȔ ȊȏȖȘȊȈȓșȧ ȉȍȕȏȐȕ Ȑ
ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȍ Ȑ ȓȍȋȒȐȍ ȧȏȣȒȐ Ȗȋȕȧ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȗȘȖȘȣȊȈȚȤ-
șȧ ț ȗȖȚȖȓȒȈ DzȖȋȌȈ ȏȈȋȖȘȍȓȈșȤ ȌȍȘȍȊȧȕȕȈȧ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȈ ȊȍȌț-
ȡȈȧ ȊȖ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ ȥȚȈȎ ȋȌȍ ȉȣȓȈ ȟȍȘȚȍȎȕȈȧ Ȑ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚ ǪȖȚȈȕȈ
Ȑ ȋȌȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓȐșȤ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȕȍșȋȖȘȈȍȔȣȍ ȠȒȈȜȣ ȚȈȒ
ȚȡȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȖȝȘȈȕȧȍȔȣȍ ȋȓȈȊȖȑ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ «ǨȘȚȐȋ Ȑ
Ǫȍȑș» Ȑ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȖȔ ǪȖȓȤȜȖȔ ǪȖȓȒȖȊ țșȗȖȒȖȐȓșȧ Ȑ Ȋȣȉȍ-
ȎȈȓ ȕȈ țȓȐȞț
ǹȚȘȈȕȕțȦ ȒȈȘȚȐȕț țȊȐȌȍȓ Ȗȕ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȌȖȔȖȔ țȕȐȊȍȘșȈȓȤ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȔȈȋȈȏȐȕȈ ǹȖȚȕȐ ȓȦȌȍȑ șȐȌȧ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȗȐȓȐ ȠȈȔȗȈȕ-
șȒȖȍ ȖȚȒȐȌȣȊȈȧ ȕȈȏȈȌ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ ș ȒȘȈșȕȣȔȐ ȓȐȞȈȔȐ Ȑ ȕȈȓȐȊ-
ȠȐȔȐșȧ ȒȘȖȊȤȦ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ǷȤȧȕȣȍ Ȑ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ ȋȖȘȓȈȕȧȡȐȍ ȕȍ-
ȗȘȐșȚȖȑȕȣȍ ȗȍșȕȐ ȗȖȋȘȖȔȡȐȒȐ ȗȍȘȍȒȐȌȣȊȈȓȐșȤ ȗțșȚȣȔȐ
ȉțȚȣȓȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȘȈȏȉȍȋȈȓȐșȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈ-
ȓȈșȤ ȗȖȓȐȞȐȧ ǵȖ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ șȓȈȉȣ ȉȣȓȐ șȐȓȣ ȗȖȓȐȞȐȐ ȏȈ-
ȕȧȚȖȑ șȗȈșȍȕȐȍȔ ȗȖȋȐȉȈȦȡȐȝ Ȋ Ȗȋȕȍ ȎȐȚȍȓȍȑ Ȑ ȗȖȔȖȋȈȦ-
ȡȍȑ ȗȖȎȈȘȕȖȑ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȍ ȖȚșȚȈȐȊȈȚȤ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȏȈȋȖȘȍȊȠȐȍșȧ ȌȖ-
ȔȈ ǷȖȋȘȖȔȡȐȒȐ Ȋ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ ȟȈșȖȊ ȉȣȓȐ ȝȖȏȧȍ-
ȊȈȔȐ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȈșȚțȗȐȓ ȊȍȟȍȘ — ȕȈ țȓȐȞȍ ț ȌȖȔȈ
«ǨȘȚȐȋ Ȑ Ǫȍȑș» ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ țȎȍ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ǹȖȚȕȐ ȗț-
șȚȣȝ Ȑ ȘȈȏȉȐȚȣȝ ȉțȚȣȓȖȒ ȊȈȓȧȓȐșȤ ȊȌȖȓȤ ȗȈȕȍȓȐ ȊȗȍȘȍ-
ȔȍȠȒț ș ȘȈȏȉȐȚȣȔȐ ȧȡȐȒȈȔȐ ȘȈȏȖȘȊȈȕȕȣȔ ȉȈȘȝȈȚȖȔ ȌȈȔ-
șȒȐȔȐ ȠȓȧȗȈȔȐ ȉțȔȈȋȖȑ Ȑ ȐșȚȖȗȚȈȕȕȣȔȐ ȒȖȊȘȈȔȐ ǵȈ ȕȍ-
ȉȍ ȧȘȒȖ ȗȣȓȈȓȖ ȏȈȘȍȊȖ ȖșȊȍȡȈȧ ȊȍșȤ ȋȖȘȖȌ Ȑ ȉțȝȚț ǿȍȘȕȣȔ
ȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȓȍș ȕȈ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȗȖȓȖȎȕȖȔ ȉȍȘȍȋț ȏȈȓȐȊȈ ǵȈ ȊȍȘȝțȠ-
ȒȈȝ ȌțȉȖȊ ȐȋȘȈȓȐ ȚȖ ȎȍȓȚȣȍ ȚȖ ȒȘȈșȕȣȍ ȖȚȉȓȍșȒȐ Ȗȋȕȧ
ǯȈțȕȣȊȕȖ Ȑ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȕȖ ȋțȌȍȓ ȕȈȉȈȚ ǸȈȏȌȈȊȈȓșȧ ȚȘȍșȒ Ȑ
ȋȘȖȝȖȚ ȋȖȘȧȡȐȝ Ȑ ȖȉȘțȠȐȊȈȦȡȐȝșȧ ȏȌȈȕȐȑ
ǰȏȌȈȓȍȒȈ ȌȖȕȖșȐȓȐșȤ ȋțȌȒȐ ȗȈȘȖȊȖȏȖȊ ȗȖȌȊȖȏȧȡȐȝ ȊȖȌț,
Ȑ șȐȋȕȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȘȖȎȒȐ
Ǫ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȓ ȗȣȓȈȦȡȍȔț ȔȈȋȈȏȐȕț ȚȖȘȋȖȊȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ «ǨȘ-
ȚȐȋ Ȑ Ǫȍȑș» ȗȖȌȢȍȝȈȓ ǪȖȚȈȕ

119
ǭȋȖ ȕȈȗȘȈșȕȖ ȐșȒȈȓȐ ȊȍșȤ ȌȍȕȤ ǵȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ
ȉȍȏȊȣȍȏȌȕȖ ȎȐȓ Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌȍ Ȋ ȥȚȖȚ ȏȓȖȗȖȓțȟȕȣȑ Ȍȓȧ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ
ȌȍȕȤ șȚȈȘȣȑ ǪȖȚȈȕ ȖȚșțȚșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ țȊȐȌȍȊ ȘȈȏȋȘȖȔȓȍȕ-
ȕȣȑ ȔȈȋȈȏȐȕ Ȗȕ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȔȍșȚȕȣȔ ȊȓȈșȚȧȔ
Ȑ ȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȓ șȖșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȗȘȖȚȖȒȖȓ Ȗ ȗȘȖȐșȠȍȌȠȍȔ ȗȖȌȎȖȋȍ Ȑ
ȋȐȉȍȓȐ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ Ȑ Ȋșȍȝ ȍȋȖ ȚȖȊȈȘȖȊ
ǪȖȚȈȕ ȕȈșȚȈȐȊȈȧ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȔ ȗȓȈȒȈȓ ǬȘȖȎȈȡȐȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ
Ȗȕ ȌȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖșȚȤ țȗȓȈȚȣ Ȋșȍȝ țȉȣȚȒȖȊ ȜȐȘȔȣ
Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȊȓȖȎȍȕȣ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȐȍ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȓȣ ǹȓȍȏȣ Ȑ ȋȖȘȍ ȗȖȟ-
ȚȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȌȍȧȚȍȓȧ ȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȊȠȍȋȖșȧ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖșȚȤȦ Ȑ ȊȓȐȧȕȐȍȔ
șȘȍȌȐ ȊȣșȠȍȋȖ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȈ ȖȒȘȈȐȕȣ ȗȖȌȍȑșȚȊȖȊȈȓȐ ǷȘȖȚȖȒȖȓ
ȉȣȓ șȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕ Ȑ ǪȖȚȈȕ ȚȡȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȓȖȎȐȊ ȉțȔȈȋț șȗȘȧȚȈȓ
ȍȍ Ȋ ȉțȔȈȎȕȐȒ ǵȈ ȍȋȖ ȓȐȞȍ ȐȋȘȈȓȈ ȍȌȊȈ țȓȖȊȐȔȈȧ ȕȖ ȚȖȘ-
ȎȍșȚȊțȦȡȈȧ țȓȣȉȒȈ
«ǹȗȈșȍȕ — ȌțȔȈȓ ǪȖȚȈȕ—Ǫ ȗȓȈȔȍȕȐ ȗȖȋȐȉȓȐ Ȋșȍ țȓȐ-
ȒȐ ȒȈȒȐȍ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȉȣ ȉȣȚȤ ȕȈȑȌȍȕȣ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ Ȕȍȕȧ»
ǿțȊșȚȊȈ ȏȓȖȘȈȌșȚȊȈ Ȑ ȕȈșȔȍȠȒȐ ȕȈȌ ǪȖȓȤȜȖȔ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȖȊ-
ȓȈȌȍȓȐ șȚȈȘȐȒȖȔ
ǹȚȈȘȣȑ ǪȖȚȈȕ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȊȖȒȏȈȓ Ȑ ȖȚșȦȌȈ ȗȖșȓȈȓ
ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȔȔț ǪȐȓȤȉȘȈȕȌȚț — ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȦ ȜȐȘȔȣ «ǨȘȚȐȋ
Ȑ Ǫȍȑș» Ȋ ǷȍȚȍȘȉțȘȋȍ ȐȏȊȍȡȈȧ ȍȋȖ Ȗ ȘȈȏȋȘȖȔȍ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȖȋȖ ȌȖ-
ȔȈ «ǨȘȚȐȋ Ȑ Ǫȍȑș» Ȑ Ȗ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖșȚȐ ȗȖȓțȟȐȚȤ ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕ-
ȕțȦ șșțȌț ȖȚ «ȝȖȏȧȐȕȈ». ǺțȚ Ȏȍ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȘȐȗȐșȒȈ ș ȗȘȖșȤȉȖȑ
ȗȍȘȍȌȈȚȤ ȗȘȐȊȍȚ șȖȊȍȚȕȐȒț ȉȈȘȖȕț ǫȍȓȤȔțȚț ȜȖȕ dzțȞȐțșț
ǺȍȓȍȋȘȈȔȔȈ ȥȚȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȖșȓȈȕȈ -ȋȖ ȖȒȚȧȉȘȧ Ȋ ȌȍșȧȚȤ ȟȈ-
șȖȊ ȊȍȟȍȘȈ Ȉ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ ȖȚȊȍȚ ȟȚȖ «ȝȖȏȧȐȕ»
ȊȕȖșȐȚ ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔțȦ șțȔȔț Ȉ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ ȜȖȕ dzț-
ȞȐțș ȠȓȍȚ șȊȖȑ ȗȘȐȊȍȚ
XXIII
ǷȖșȓȍ ȘȈȏȋȘȖȔȈ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ ȌȖȓȋȖ șȚȖȧȓȐ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ ȏȈȒȖȗȚȍ-
ȓȣȍ ȌȖȔȈ ȋȓȧȌȧ ȗțșȚȣȔȐ ȖȒȕȈȔȐ ȒȈȒ șȓȍȗȞȣ ȕȈ țȓȐȞȣ
ȏȈȊȈȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȖȉȓȖȔȒȈȔȐ ȒȐȘȗȐȟȍȑ țȗȈȊȠȐȔȐ ȉȈȓȒȈȔȐ Ȑ
ȒțȟȈȔȐ ȖȉȋȖȘȍȓȣȝ ȌȖșȖȒ Ȑ ȉȘȍȊȍȕ ǴȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȖȚșȚȘȈȐȊȈȓșȧ
ȋȖȘȖȌ

120
ǴȕȖȋȐȍ ȜȐȘȔȣ ȐșȟȍȏȓȐ ǴȕȖȋȐȍ șȖȒȘȈȚȐȓȐ șȊȖȐ ȌȍȓȈ
Ǫ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȓȍ ȕȈșȚȈȓ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȏȈșȚȖȑ ǹȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕ-
ȕȖ Ȍȓȧ Ȋșȍȝ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȖȔț ȌȖȔț «ǨȘȚȐȋ Ȑ Ǫȍȑș» ȉȣȓȐ ȌȖșȚȈȊȓȍ-
ȕȣ Ȋ ȕȈȟȈȓȍ ȕȖȧȉȘȧ ȚȖȊȈȘȣ DzȈȒ ȗȘȖȠȓȐ ȋȘțȏȣ Ȋ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍ-
Ȕȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȚȈȒ ȚȘțȌȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȈȑȚȐ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȣȍ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȣ Ȑ ȖȚ-
ȒțȌȈ ȌȖșȚȈȊȈȓȐ ȖȕȐ Ȑȝ — ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȖșȚȈȓȖșȤ ȚȈȑȕȖȑ ȝȖȚȧ ȒȈȗȐ-
ȚȈȕȣ ȥȚȐȝ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȖȊ, ȖȌȐȕ ȋȖȓȓȈȕȌȍȞ Ȑ ȌȊȈ ȈȔȍȘȐȒȈȕȞȈ,
ȕȈșȔȍȠȓȐȊȖ țȓȣȉȈȓȐșȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȑȝ ȘȈșșȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȓȐ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ Ȑ
ȔȖȓȟȈ ȗțșȒȈȓȐ ȋțșȚȣȍ Ȓȓțȉȣ ȌȣȔȈ ǶȕȐ ȖȌȕȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȏȕȈ-
ȓȐ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȒȖȕȚȖȘȒȈȝ Ȑȝ ȒȈȦȚ ȓȍȎȈȚ ȋȖȓțȉȣȍ ȗȘȖȗțșȒȐ ȌȖș-
ȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȍ ǪȖȚȈȕț ǪȖȓȤȜȖȔ ǶȕȐ ȏȕȈȓȐ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȋȘț-
ȏȐȓȐșȤ ȚȖȊȈȘȈȔȐ Ȍȓȧ «ǨȘȚȐȋ Ȑ Ǫȍȑș» Ȋ ǵȈȋȈșȈȒȐ
ǶȌȐȕ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȣȑ ȌȖȔ «ǨȘȚȐȋ Ȑ Ǫȍȑș» ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȕȐ-
șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍ ȗȖșȚȘȈȌȈȓ ȖȚ ȊȖȑȕȣ ǺȖȘȋȖȊȣȍ ȌȍȓȈ ȜȐȘȔȣ ȗȘȖ-
ȞȊȍȚȈȓȐ ǻ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȖȑ ȜȐȘȔȣ ȕȈ ȌȖȓȋȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȐșȟȍȏȓȐ ȒȖȕ-
ȒțȘȍȕȚȣ Ȉ ȗȖȚȖȔț ǪȖȚȈȕ șȘȈȏț ȕȈȏȕȈȟȐȓ ȊȣșȖȒȐȍ Ȟȍȕȣ Ȑ
ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖ ȗȖȚȐȘȈȓ ȘțȒȐ ȗȘȍȌȊȐȌȧ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȐȍ ȌȐȊȐȌȍȕȌȣ
ǪșȒȖȘȍ ȕȈȟȈȓȈșȤ ȗȖșȚȘȖȑȒȈ ȕȖȊȖȋȖ ȏȌȈȕȐȧ Ȑ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ țș-
ȗȍȓȐ ȏȈȎȐȚȤ ȕȈȕȍșȍȕȕȣȍ ȊȖȑȕȖȑ ȘȈȕȣ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȖȉșȖȝȓȐ șȓȍ-
ȏȣ ȊȌȖȊ Ȑ șȐȘȖȚ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȈ ȋȓȈȊȕȖȑ țȓȐȞȍ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ ȖȒȕȈȔȐ ȕȈ
ȏȈȓȐȊ ȊȣȘȖșȓȖ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȍ ȏȌȈȕȐȍ țȒȘȈȠȍȕȕȖȍ ȌȖȘȖȋȖȑ ȖȉȓȐ-
ȞȖȊȒȖȑ Ȑ șȊȍȘȒȈȦȡȍȍ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȤȕȣȔȐ ȖȒȕȈȔȐ ǵȈȌ ȜȘȖȕȚȖ-
ȕȖȔ ȒȘȈșȖȊȈȓȈșȤ ȏȖȓȖȚȈȧ ȕȈȌȗȐșȤ
«ǺȖȘȋȖȊȣȑ ȌȖȔ “ǨȘȚȐȋ Ȑ Ǫȍȑș”».
ǷȖ-ȗȘȍȎȕȍȔț șȚȈȘȣȑ ǪȖȚȈȕ șȐȌȍȓ Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚȍ ș
ȚȖȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȏȕȐȞȍȑ ȟȚȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȉȖȧȓșȧ ȕȐ ȗȘȖȐșȒȖȊ
ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ ǪȖȓȤȜȈ ȕȐ ȔȍșȚȐ ȚȈȒ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȖȉȐȌȍȊȠȍȋȖșȧ ȕȈ
ȕȍȋȖ ǵȖȝȊȐȞȒȖȋȖ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ țȎȍ ȏȍȓȍȕȖȋȖ ȕȍșȋȖȘȈȍ-
ȔȖȋȖ ȠȒȈȜȈ Ȋ ȗȘȖșȚȍȕȒȍ ȔȍȎȌț ȌȊțȔȧ ȖȒȕȈȔȐ ȟȍȘȚȍȎȕȖȑ
ȐșȟȍȏȓȐ ȗȖȘȚȜȍȓȐ ș șȍȒȘȍȚȕȣȔȐ ȉțȔȈȋȈȔȐ Ȑ ȒȖȗȐȘȖȊȈȓȤ-
ȕȣȍ ȒȕȐȋȐ ș ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȔȔȈȔȐ Ȗȉ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȓȧȍȔȣȝ ȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ Ȑ ȗȖ-
ȓțȟȈȍȔȣȝ «ȔȈȠȐȕȈȝ».
ǺȈȒ Ȏȍ ȋȖȘȌȖ ȊȣșȚțȗȈȓȐ ȉȍȓȖȒțȘȣȍ ȕȍȔȞȣ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȗȖȝȖ-
ȎȐȍ ȕȈ ȓȍȑȚȍȕȈȕȚȖȊ ș țȓȐȞȣ ©ǷȖȌ dzȐȗȈȔȐ» Ȋ ǩȍȘȓȐȕȍ ȚȈȒ
Ȏȍ ȗȘȍȏȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ ȖȕȐ ȕȈ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖȟȐșȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȏȈȋ-
ȕȈȕȕȣȝ ȘțșșȒȐȝ șȓțȎȈȡȐȝ Ȑ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȊȍȓȐ ȖȎȐȊȓȍȕȕțȦ ȗȍȘȍ-
ȗȐșȒț ș ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȔȐ Ȑ ȘȖȌșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȈȔȐ Ȋ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȐ ǷȖ-ȗȘȍȎ-
ȕȍȔț ȖȚȌȍȓȍȕȐȧ ȜȐȘȔȣ «ǨȘȚȐȋ Ȑ Ǫȍȑș» ȒȈȒ ȋȕȍȏȌȈ ȖȗȈșȕȣȝ

121
ȗȈȘȈȏȐȚȖȊ ȗȘȖȞȊȍȚȈȓȐ Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌȈȝ Ȑ șȍȓȈȝ ǺȐȝȖȖȒȍȈȕșȒȖȋȖ
ȗȖȉȍȘȍȎȤȧ
Ǫșȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȖȊȖȍ Ȋ ȕȖȊȖȔ ȏȌȈȕȐȐ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ Ȑ șȚȍ-
ȕȣ Ȑ ȔȍȉȍȓȤ Ȑ ȚȖȊȈȘȣ
ǶșȚȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ȓȐȠȤ ȖȌȕȖ șȚȈȘȖȍ Ȑ ȕȍȏȣȉȓȍȔȖȍ ȗȘȍȌȈȕ-
ȕȖșȚȤ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȐ Ȑ ȚȈȑȕȈȧ șȓțȎȉȈ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȖȔț ȊȖȍȕȕȖȔț Ȑ
ȔȖȘșȒȖȔț ȔȐȕȐșȚȍȘșȚȊț
ȅȚȖ șȖșȚȈȊȓȧȓȖ ȖȌȕț Ȑȏ ȋȓȈȊȕȣȝ ȏȈȌȈȟ țȕȐȊȍȘșȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ
ȚȖȘȋȖȊȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ «ǨȘȚȐȋ Ȑ Ǫȍȑș».
XXIV
ǹ ȚȖȋȖ ȒȘȖȊȈȊȖȋȖ ȋȖȌȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ǪȖȓȤȜ Ȋ ȌȖȔȍ ǪȖ-
ȚȈȕȈ ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȗȘȍȌșȒȈȏȈȓ ȒȘȖȊȖȗȘȖȓȐȚȕțȦ ȊȖȑȕț șȊȐȘȍȗȣȔ
ȠȒȊȈȓȖȔ ȕȈȓȍȚȍȊȠțȦ ȕȈ ȘțșșȒțȦ ȖȒȘȈȐȕț ȕȈ ǬȈȓȤȕȍȔ ǪȖș-
ȚȖȒȍ ȗȘȖȠȓȖ șȍȔȤ ȓȍȚ
ǯȈȚȍȘȓȐșȤ șȓȍȌȣ ȉȣȊȠȐȝ șȖȉȣȚȐȑ ȗȖșȚȍȗȍȕȕȖ ȏȈȓȍȟȐ-
ȓȐșȤ ȘȈȕȣ ȐșșȧȒȓȐ șȓȍȏȣ
ǸȖșșȐȧ șȚȘȧȝȕțȊ ș șȍȉȧ ȒȖȠȔȈȘ ȗȘȍȎȕȐȝ Ȍȕȍȑ ȗȖȕȧȊ Ȋșȍ
șȊȖȐ ȖȠȐȉȒȐ Ȑ ȕȈȗȘȧȋȠȐ șȐȓȣ Ȍȓȧ ȐșȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȧ Ȑȝ ȊșȚȘȍ-
ȚȐȓȈșȤ ȓȐȞȖȔ Ȓ ȓȐȞț ș ȊȍȒȖȊȣȔ ȊȘȈȋȖȔ.
ȅȚȐȔ ȊȘȈȋȖȔ ȉȣȓȈ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȧ
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȟȈȓȐșȤ ȐȦȕȤșȒȐȍ ȚȘȍȕȐȧ -ȋȖ ȋȖȌȈ Ȋȣ-
ȏȊȈȊȠȐȍ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȗȖȎȈȘ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑșȒȖȑ ȊȖȑȕȣ Ǫ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȣȑ ȌȖȔ
«ǨȘȚȐȋ Ȑ Ǫȍȑș» ȧȊȐȓșȧ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȕȈȒȈȕțȕȍ ȊȖȑȕȣ 
ȋȖȌȈ ȊȍșȚȕȐȒ ȋȘȧȌțȡȐȝ șȖȉȣȚȐȑ
ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓ țȎȍ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȑ ǪȖȚȈȕț șȖȊȍȚȕȐȒ ȔȐȕȐșȚȍȘșȚȊȈ
ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕȕȣȝ Ȍȍȓ Ȋ ǩȍȘȓȐȕȍ ǫȐȕȞȍ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȒȈȕȌȐȌȈȚ ȕȈ ȗȖșȚ
ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȖȋȖ ȗȖșȓȈ Ȋ ǷȍȒȐȕȍ ǫȐȕȞȍ ș ȌȍȓȖȊȣȔ ȊȐȌȖȔ ȗȘȍȌț-
ȗȘȍȌȐȓ ǪȖȚȈȕȈ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ șȈȔȣȑ ȚȡȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ
ȊȣȉȖȘ Țȍȝ șȓțȎȈȡȐȝ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȋ șȓțȟȈȍ ȊȖȑȕȣ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȉțȌțȚ
ȊȣșȣȓȈȚȤșȧ Ȑȏ ǸȖșșȐȐ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȐȍ ȗȖȌȌȈȕȕȣȍ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȐȓȐ
ȉȣ ȜȐȘȔȍ ȐȔȍȚȤ ȕȈ Ȋșȍȝ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȗțȕȒȚȈȝ ȗȘȍȌȈȕ-
ȕȣȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ
ǫȐȕȞȍ șȖȖȉȡȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȐ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȖȋȖ ȜȓȖȚȈ ȒȖșȕțȚ-
șȧ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȐȝ ȒȖȓȖȕȐȑ Ȋ ǨȏȐȐ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȍȘȍȋȈ

122
ȇȗȖȕșȒȖȋȖ ȔȖȘȧ ȚȈȒȎȍ țȊȐȌȧȚ ȗȖȉȍȌȖȕȖșȕȣȍ ȊȣȔȗȍȓȣ ȋȍȘ-
ȔȈȕșȒȐȝ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȍȑ
ǩțȌțȡȐȑ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȐȑ ȗȖșȓȈȕȕȐȒ ȔȍȚȍȖȘȖȔ ȗȘȖȓȍȚȍȓ ȗȖ
ǬȈȓȤȕȍȔț ǪȖșȚȖȒț Ȑ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ șȒȘȣȓșȧ DzȖȋȌȈ ȊșȗȣȝȕțȓȈ
ȊȖȑȕȈ Ȗȕ ȗȖȧȊȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȕȖȘȊȍȎșȒȖȔ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ Ƞȍȓ
Ȓ ȉȍȘȍȋȈȔ DzȐȚȈȧ ǺȖȋȌȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ș ȉȖȘȚȈ ȕȖȘȊȍȎșȒȖȋȖ ȗȈȘȖȝȖ-
ȌȈ șȖȊȍȚȕȐȒ ȔȐȕȐșȚȍȘșȚȊȈ ǫȐȕȞȍ ȊȣșȈȌȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȑ
ȉȍȘȍȋ Ȗȕ ȋȖȘȌȖ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȊȠȐȔ ȍȋȖ ȟȐ-
ȕȈȔ ȗȖșȖȓȤșȚȊȈ
— ǷȖ ȗȘȐȒȈȏț ȍȋȖ ȊȍȓȐȟȍșȚȊȈ ǰȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘȈ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȘțȟȍ-
ȕȖ țȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȗȖșȖȓȤșȚȊȖȔ
ǬȍȧȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ ǫȐȕȞȍ ȉȣȊȠȍȋȖ șȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȘțȒȖȊȖȌȐȚȍȓȍȔ
ȚȈȑȕȣȝ ȈȋȍȕȚșȚȊ ȏȈ ȋȘȈȕȐȞȍȑ Ȉ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȖȌȕȐȔ Ȑȏ șȖȊȍȚȕȐȒȖȊ
ȔȐȕȐșȚȍȘșȚȊȈ ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕȕȣȝ Ȍȍȓ Ȋ ǩȍȘȓȐȕȍ Ȑ ȘțȒȖȊȖȌȐȚȍȓȍȔ
Ȋșȍȑ ȖȉȠȐȘȕȖȑ șȍȚȐ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȐȝ ȠȗȐȖȕȖȊ Ȑ ȌȖȕȖșȟȐȒȖȊ
ȉȣȓȈ ȖȞȍȕȍȕȈ ȗȖ ȌȖșȚȖȐȕșȚȊț Ȑ ǫȐȕȞȍ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȒȈȘȤȍȘț
Ǫ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ, ȌȘțȋȖȑ țȟȈșȚȕȐȒ ȥȗȖȗȍȐ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȊȠȍȑ
ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋȈȝ ǺȐȝȖȋȖ ȖȒȍȈȕȈ —ǪȖȓȤȜ țȎȍ Ȋ ȟȐȕȍ ȗȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒȈ
ȋȓȈȊȕȖȋȖ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȠȚȈȉȈ Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒȈ ȖȚȌȍȓȈ ȖșȊȍȌȖȔȓȍ-
ȕȐȧ Ȑ ȔȍȎȌțȕȈȘȖȌȕȖȑ șȚȈȚȐșȚȐȒȐ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓșȧ ȉȍȏ
ȌȍȓȈ
Ǫ ȎȈȘȒȐȑ ȐȦȓȤșȒȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ  ȋȖȌȈ Ȋ ǷȍȚȍȘȉțȘȋȍ ȗȖ ǴȖȘ-
șȒȖȑ țȓȐȞȍ ȠȓȈ ȠțȔȕȈȧ ȔȈȕȐȜȍșȚȈȞȐȧ ǵȍșȓȐ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȈ Ȑ
ȗȓȈȒȈȚȣ ȗȘȐȏȣȊȈȦȡȐȍ Ȓ ȏȈȡȐȚȍ ǹȍȘȉȐȐ Ȑ ǿȍȘȕȖȋȖȘȐȐ ȗȍ-
ȓȐ ȋȐȔȕȣ Ȑ ȔȖȓȐȚȊȣ ǿțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ șȚȐȝȐȑ-
ȕȈȧ șȐȓȈ ȊȓȈȌȍȍȚ ȥȚȐȔȐ ȓȦȌȤȔȐ Ȑ ȟȚȖ șȐȓȈ ȥȚȈ ȠȐȘȐȚșȧ Ȑ
ȒȘȍȗȕȍȚ ȊȏȌȣȔȈȧșȤ ȔȖȋțȟȍȑ ȊȖȓȕȖȑ ȕȈȌ ȊȖȏȔțȡȍȕȕȣȔ ȕȈ-
ȘȖȌȕȣȔ ȔȖȘȍȔ
ǩȓȍȌȕȣȍ ȓȐȞȈ Ȑ șȊȍȘȒȈȦȡȐȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȋȓț-
ȉȖȒȖȔ ȟțȊșȚȊȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȖȝȊȈȚȣȊȈȓȖ ȔȈȕȐȜȍșȚȈȕȚȖȊ ȅȚȖ ȕȍ
ȉȣȓȈ ȊȣȝȖȌȒȈ ȔȖȓȖȌȍȎȐ ȓȍȋȒȖ ȊȖșȗȓȈȔȍȕȧȦȡȍȑșȧ Ȑ ȎȈȌ-
ȕȖȑ ȌȖ ȠțȔȕȖȋȖ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ șȊȖȐȝ șȐȔȗȈȚȐȑ ȐȓȐ ȊȘȈȎȌȣ
Ǫ ȚȖȓȗȍ ȊȐȌȕȍȓȐșȤ ȗȖȟȚȍȕȕȣȍ șȚȈȘȐȒȐ șȈȕȖȊȕȣȍ ȟȐȕȖȊȕȐ-
ȒȐ ȟȓȍȕȣ ǫȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ǬțȔȣ ȌȈȔȣ Ȑȏ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȈ Ȑ Țȍ
ȓȦȌȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȋ ȐȕȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȟȐȚȈȓȐ Ȍȓȧ șȍȉȧ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎ-
ȕȣȔ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍșȚȐ ȕȈ țȓȐȞȍ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȋȘȖȔȒȖȍ șȓȖȊȖ Ȑ șȔȍ-
ȠȈȚȤșȧ ș ȚȖȓȗȖȑ
ǻ ȖȒȕȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȋȖșȚȐȕȐȞȣ șȚȖȧȓ ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕȍȞ Ȑ ȗȘȐ-

123
ȡțȘȐȊ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȏȓȖȘȈȌȕȖ țȓȣȉȈȓșȧ șȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȖȋȘȖȔȕțȦ ȚȖȓ-
ȗț ȔȈȕȐȜȍșȚȈȕȚȖȊ
ǿȚȖ-ȚȖ ȗȖȘȈȏȐȓȖ ȍȋȖ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖȑ ȚȖȓȗȍ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȉȣșȚȘȖ
ȕȈȌȍȊ șȖȓȖȔȍȕȕțȦ Ƞȓȧȗț Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȒȐȕțȊ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȘțȒț ȓȍȋȒȖȍ
ȗȈȓȤȚȖ ȊȣȠȍȓ ȕȈ țȓȐȞț ǹȚȖȧ ț ȗȖȌȢȍȏȌȈ ȔȖȌȕȖȑ ȋȖșȚȐȕȐ-
Ȟȣ Ȗȕ ȖȒȐȕțȓ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ șȍȘȖȍ ȔȘȈȟȕȖȍ ȏȌȈȕȐȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȧȡȍȍ-
șȧ ȕȈȗȘȖȚȐȊ Ȑ țȊȍȕȟȈȕȕȖȍ ȌȊțȔȧ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȔȐ ȒȖȕȧȔȐ Ȑ ȋȖ-
ȓȣȔȐ ȘȈȉȈȔȐ ȌȍȘȎȈȡȐȔȐ Ȑȝ ȗȖȌ țȏȌȞȣ ǯȌȈȕȐȍ ȥȚȖ ȕȈȗȖȔȐ-
ȕȈȓȖ șȘȍȌȕȍȊȍȒȖȊțȦ ȒȘȍȗȖșȚȤ Ȉ țȏȒȐȍ Ȑ ȊȣșȖȒȐȍ ȖȒȕȈ ȗȖȝȖ-
ȌȐȓȐ ȕȈ ȉȖȑȕȐȞȣ
ǪȣȠȍȌȠȐȑ Ȑȏ ȋȖșȚȐȕȐȞȣ ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕȍȞ șȔȍȠȈȓșȧ ș ȚȖȓ-
ȗȖȑ Ȑ ș ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȖȔ ȘȈȏȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȓ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȕȣȍ ȕȍȘȊ-
ȕȣȍ ȓȐȞȈ Ȑ ȗȖȓȕȣȍ ȘȍȠȐȔȖșȚȐ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȣ Ƕȕ șȓȣȠȈȓ ȘȈȏȋȖ-
ȊȖȘȣ Ȑ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȒȈȒȖȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖ ȊȓȈȌȍȓȖ ȥȚȐȔȐ ȓȦȌȤȔȐ
ǺȖȓȗȈ ȔȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȌȊȐȋȈȓȈșȤ ȔȐȔȖ ȋȖșȚȐ-
ȕȐȞȣ Ȑ șȊȍȘȕțȊ ȕȈ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȤ ȋȌȍ ȊȣșȐȓȖșȤ ȊȍȓȐȟȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ
ȏȌȈȕȐȍ ǰșȈȈȒȐȍȊșȒȖȋȖ șȖȉȖȘȈ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȘȖȑȚȐ ȔȐȔȖ
ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȖȋȖ ȗȖșȖȓȤșȚȊȈ Ǫșȍ ȊȏȖȘȣ țșȚȘȍȔȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȥȚȖ șȓȖ-
ȎȍȕȕȖȍ Ȑȏ ȒȘțȗȕȣȝ ȒțșȒȖȊ ȋȘȈȕȐȚȈ Ȑ țȒȘȈȠȍȕȕȖȍ ȥȔȉȓȍ-
ȔȖȑ ȋȘțȉȖȑ șȐȓȣ ȏȌȈȕȐȍ
ǵȐ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȊȘȈȎȌȍȉȕȖȋȖ ȒȘȐȒȈ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ țȋȘȖȎȈȦȡȍ-
ȋȖ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍșȍȕȖ Ȑ șȌȍȓȈȕȖ Ȋ ȚȖȓȗȍ ǶȌȕȈ-
ȒȖ ȗȖ ȋȖȘȧȡȐȔ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȈȔ Ȑ ȗȖ șțȌȖȘȖȎȕȖȔț ȗȖȌȍȘȋȐȊȈȕȐȦ
ȓȐȞ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ șțȌȐȚȤ Ȗ ȕȍȋȖȌȖȊȈȕȐȐ ȖȝȊȈȚȐȊȠȍȔ șȓȈ-
ȊȧȕșȒțȦ ȚȖȓȗț ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȟȖȗȖȘȕȖȋȖ ǷȍȚȍȘȉțȘȋȈ ȋȌȍ ȕȈ-
Ƞȍȓșȧ ȋȖȘȧȟȐȑ ȖȚȒȓȐȒ ȕȈ șȚȘȈȌȈȕȐȍ șȍȘȉșȒȐȝ ȉȘȈȚȤȍȊ ȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȝ ș ȉȍșȗȘȐȔȍȘȕȖȑ ȎȍșȚȖȒȖșȚȤȦ Ȑ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȕȖȑ ȕȈȋȓȖșȚȤȦ
ȗȣȚȈȓȈșȤ ȘȈȏȌȈȊȐȚȤ ȊȍȘȕȈȧ șȖȦȏȕȐȞȈ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȐ — ǨȊșȚȘȐȧ
Ǫ ȖȒȕȈȝ ȗȖșȖȓȤșȚȊȈ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȐȌȕȖ ȓȦȌȍȑ ǷȖȌȢȍȏȌ șȒȘȣ-
Țȣȑ ȔȍȎȌț ȒȘțȋȓȣȔȐ șȓȖȎȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȉțȌȚȖ Ȑȏ ȉȖȟȍȒ ȒȖȓȖȕ-
ȕȈȔȐ ȉȣȓ ȏȈȗȍȘȚ ǶȌȕȈȒȖ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ șȚȖȧȡȍȑ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȔ ȖȒȕȍ ȊȈ-
ȏȣ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȑ ȏȖȘȒȖ șȓȍȌȐȓ ȏȈ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȧȡȐȔ ȖȌȐȕ ȟȍ-
ȓȖȊȍȒ ǭȋȖ țȓȣȉȈȦȡȍȍșȧ ȒȘȈșȕȖȍ ȓȖșȕȧȡȍȍșȧ ȓȐȞȖ ȗȖȊȖȘȈ-
ȟȐȊȈȓȖșȤ ȊȖ Ȋșȍ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ Ȑ ȖȚȣșȒȐȊȈȓȖ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȝ Ȋ ȥȚȖȑ ȚȖȓ-
ȗȍ ȕȍȋȖȌțȦȡȐȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȠȍȗȚȈȓ Ȑ ȏȈȗȐșȣ-
ȊȈȓ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȍ ȐȔȍȕȈ Ȋ șȊȖȦ ȒȕȐȎȒț
DzȖȋȌȈ ȚȖȓȗȈ ȗȘȖȠȓȈ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ Ȓ ǹȍȕȈȚț Ȑȏ ȗȖȌȢȍȏȌȈ ȗȖ-
șȖȓȤșȚȊȈ ȊȣȠȍȓ ȓȦȉȐȔȍȞ ȗȍȚȍȘȉțȘȋșȒȖȋȖ «șȊȍȚȈ» șȖȊȍȚȕȐȒ

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ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȖȋȖ ȗȖșȖȓȤșȚȊȈ ȉȈȘȖȕ ǫȍȓȤȔțȚ ȜȖȕ dzțȞȐțș Ȑ ȉȣ-
șȚȘȖ ȌȖȋȕȈȓ ȔȈȕȐȜȍșȚȈȞȐȦ Ƕȕ șȔȍȠȈȓșȧ ș ȚȖȓȗȖȑ Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓ
ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȓțȠȈȚȤ ǭȋȖ ȏȖȘȒȐȍ ȋȓȈȏȒȐ ȖȚȣșȒȐȊȈȓȐ ȊȣșȖ-
ȒțȦ ȏȕȈȒȖȔțȦ ȜȐȋțȘț ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕȞȈ Ȋ șȖȓȖȔȍȕȕȖȑ Ƞȓȧȗȍ Ȑ
șȊȍȚȓȖȔ ȓȍȚȕȍȔ ȒȖșȚȦȔȍ ǬȖȋȕȈȊ ȍȋȖ șȖȊȍȚȕȐȒ ȗȖȌȝȊȈȚȐȓ
ȍȋȖ ȗȖȌ ȓȖȒȖȚȤ Ȑ Ƞȍȗȕțȓ
— DzȈȒȖȊȖ ȗȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒ" Pardon, ȔȐșȚȍȘ DzȓȈȕ
ǺȖȚ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ șȖȊȍȚȕȐȒȈ țȓȣȉȕțȓșȧ ȍȔț ȖȌȕȐȔȐ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ Ȑ Ƞȍȗȕțȓ
— ǷȖȎȈȓțȑ șȒȖȘȖ ȎȈȘȒȖ ȉțȌȍȚ"
ǪșȒȖȘȍ ȖȕȐ ȊȣȠȓȐ Ȑȏ ȚȖȓȗȣ Ȑ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȋțȓȧȓȐ ȗȖ ȕȈȉȍȘȍȎ-
ȕȖȑ ȚȐȝȖ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȧ Ȑ ȒțȘȧ
ǸȈȏȋȖȊȖȘ Ȑȝ ȉȣȓ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȖȟȍȕȤ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȍȕ ȖȉȈ ȖȕȐ
ȖȚ ȌțȠȐ șȔȍȧȓȐșȤ ȗȖȚȐȘȈȓȐ ȘțȒȐ Ȑ ȖȉȕȐȔȈȓȐ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋȈ
ǪȌȘțȋ DzȓȈȕ ȗȖȔȖȘȡȐȓșȧ Ȑ șȘȈȏț ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ
— ǷȖȑȌȍȔȚȍ ȕȈȏȈȌ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ — ǰȌȍȚ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌȟȐȒ
ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȗȖșȖȓȤșȚȊȈ DzȈȚȚȕȍȘ ȇ ȐȏȉȍȋȈȦ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȚȤșȧ ș ȥȚȐȔ
șȚȈȘȐȒȖȔ
ǼȖȕ dzțȞȐțș țȓȣȉȕțȓșȧ Ȑ țȡȐȗȕțȓ ȗȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒȈ ȏȈ ȘțȒț
— ǯȕȈȦ ȏȕȈȦ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ — Ƕȉ ȐȕȚȘȐȎȒȍ ȊȈȠȍȑ ș
ȍȋȖ ȎȍȕȖȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ Ȕȕȍ DzȈȚȚȕȍȘ ȇ Ȋșȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȌȖȘȖȋȖȑ ǪȖȓȤȜ
Ȋșȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȔȐșȚȍȘ DzȓȈȕ
— ǩȣȓȖ ȌȍȓȖ — ȗȘȖȊȖȘȟȈȓ ǪȖȓȤȜ — ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȗȖȑȌȍȔ-
Țȍ ȌȖȔȖȑ ȧ șȟȐȚȈȦ ȕȍȕțȎȕȣȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȗȕ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȐȌȍȓ Ȋ Ƿȍ-
ȚȍȘȉțȘȋȍ
ǶȕȐ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓȐ ȕȈȏȈȌ Ȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȖȠȓȐ ȗȖ ȕȈȉȍȘȍȎȕȖȑ Ȋ
șȚȖȘȖȕț ǹȍȕȈȚȈ Ȋșȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ Ȑ ȉȖȓȍȍ țȌȈȓȧȧșȤ ȖȚ DzȈȚȚȕȍȘȈ ȔȍȌ-
ȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȓȍȚțȡȍȋȖșȧ țșȚȈȓȖȑ ȗȖȝȖȌȒȖȑ Ȑ ȋȘțșȚȕȖ șȔȖȚȘȧȡȍ-
ȋȖ ȕȈ ǵȍȊț ȗȖȒȘȣȚțȦ ȉȈȘȒȈȔȐ șȕțȦȡȐȔȐ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȈȔȐ Ȑ
ȧȓȐȒȈȔȐ ǹȚȈȘȐȒ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȐȏȌȈȓȐ ȗȘȖȋțȓȐȊȈȦȡȍȋȖșȧ ȉȈ-
ȘȖȕȈ dzțȞȐțșȈ Ȑ ǪȖȓȤȜȈ Ȑ ȟțȚȤȍ ȕȍ ȗȖȌșȒȈȏȈȓȖ ȍȔț ȟȚȖ ȊȘȈȋ
ȉȣȓ Ȋ șȖȚȕȍ ȠȈȋȖȊ ȖȚ ȕȍȋȖ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȖȉȈ ȌȘțȋȈ țȊȐȌȍȓȐ șȍȘȖȍ ȞȐȒȓȖȗȐȟȍșȒȖȍ ȏȌȈȕȐȍ
ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȖȋȖ ȗȖșȖȓȤșȚȊȈ ȍȋȖ ȕȍțȒȓȦȎȐȍ ȉȍȏȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȍ ȒȖȓȖȕ-
ȕȣ Ȑ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȚȦȘȍȔȕȣȍ ȖȒȕȈ ȜȖȕ dzțȞȐțș țȒȈȏȈȓ ȘțȒȖȑ ȕȈ
ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȝ ȒȖȕȍȑ Ȑ șȚȖȧȡȐȝ ȊȖȏȓȍ ȕȐȝ ȋȖȓȣȝ ȘȈȉȖȊ
— ȅȔȉȓȍȔȈ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȐ — țȓȣȉȕțȓșȧ ȉȈȘȖȕ — ǯȌȍșȤ ȕȐȒȚȖ
ȕȍ ȌȖȋȈȌȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȕȖ ȧ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȖȌȖȉȘȍȕȕȣȑ ȒȈȑȏȍȘȖȔ ȗȘȖȍȒȚ

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ș ȕȈȌȗȐșȤȦ «dzȖȠȈȌȐ — șȐȓȣ ȗȖȔȖȋȈȦȡȐȍ ȘȈȏȊȐȚȐȦ ǫȍȘ-
ȔȈȕȐȐ Ȉ ȘȧȌȖȔ — ȕȈȋȐȍ ȋȘțȉȣȍ Ȑ șȐȓȤȕȣȍ ȔțȎȟȐȕȣ — șȓȈ-
ȊȧȕșȒȐȍ ȘȈȉȣ».
ǵȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ǪȖȓȤȜ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȟȈșȚȖ Ȑ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȕȖ
ȖȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȓșȧ ȖȚȣșȒȐȊȈȧ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ șȋȖȘȉȓȍȕȕțȦ ȜȐȋțȘț DzȈȚȚ-
ȕȍȘȈ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ țȌȍȘȎȈȚȤșȧ ȖȚ șȔȍȝȈ
— ǯȓȖ ȗȘȐȌțȔȈȕȖ — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ Ȗȕ — DzȖȋȌȈ Ȏȍ Ȕȣ țȊȐ-
ȌȐȔ ȗȖșȓȈ"
— ȇ ȌțȔȈȦ ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ ȍȋȖ ȏȈșȚȈȕȍȔ ț șȍȉȧ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȜȖȕ
dzțȞȐțș Ȑ ș ȗȘȍȕȍȉȘȍȎȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ țȓȣȉȒȖȑ ȌȖȉȈȊȐȓ — ǻșȚȈ-
Șȍȓ ȕȈȠ ȗȖșȖȓ ȖȟȍȕȤ țșȚȈȘȍȓ ǵȍ ȚȈȒȖȔț ȌȐȗȓȖȔȈȚț ȕȈȌȖ
ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ ȉȣȚȤ ȏȌȍșȤ Ȋ ȥȚȐ ȌȕȐ
ǶȕȐ ȊȖȠȓȐ Ȋ ȌȖȔ ȗȖșȖȓȤșȚȊȈ Ȑ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚ ȗȖ-
șȓȈ ǹȚȈȘȣȑ ȌȐȗȓȖȔȈȚ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȉȣȓ ȌȖȔȈ Ƕȕ ȝȖȌȐȓ
ȔȍȓȒȐȔȐ ȚȖȘȖȗȓȐȊȣȔȐ ȠȈȋȈȔȐ Ȑȏ țȋȓȈ Ȋ țȋȖȓ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚȈ Ȑ
ȊȐȌȐȔȖ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȓșȧ
— ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȚȖ Ȑ Ȋȣ — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ Ȗȕ țȊȐȌȍȊ ȊȝȖȌȧȡȐȝ
ǪȖȓȤȜȈ Ȑ dzțȞȐțșȈ — ȇ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ ȠȐȜȘȖȊȈȕȕțȦ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȔȔț
ǪȖȑȕȈ ȕȍȐȏȉȍȎȕȈ ǵȈȔ ȗȘȍȌȗȐșȈȕȖ ȗȘȍȌȗȘȐȕȧȚȤ ȠȈȋȐ
— ǸȈȏȘȍȠȐȚȍ ȌȖȓȖȎȐȚȤ ȋȘȈȜ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǪȖȓȤȜ — ȇ Ȋșȍ-
ȋȖ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȕȍȑ ȚȖȔț ȕȈȏȈȌ ȉȣȓ Ȋ ǩȍȘȓȐȕȍ Ȑ ȚȈȔ Ȋ ȊȖȍȕ-
ȕȣȝ ȒȘțȋȈȝ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ Ȗ ȊȖȑȕȍ ș ǸȖșșȐȍȑ ǭȡȍ Ȋ ȔȈȍ
ȜȈȉȘȐȒȈȕȚȣ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓȐ ȗȘȍȌȗȐșȈȕȐȍ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȐȚȤșȧ Ȓ ȊȣȗȖȓ-
ȕȍȕȐȦ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȝ ȏȈȒȈȏȖȊ Ǫ ȔȈȍ Ȏȍ Ȕȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖȘțȟȍȕȖ șȢȍȏ-
ȌȐȚȤ Ȋ ǬȈȕȐȦ Ȑ ȊȍșȚȐ ȗȍȘȍȋȖȊȖȘȣ ș ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȧȔȐ șȒȈȕ-
ȌȐȕȈȊșȒȖȑ ȗȍȟȈȚȐ ȅȚȖ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖ Ȍȓȧ ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȈȕȐȧ ȗȘȍș-
ȚȐȎȈ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȐ Ȋ șȓțȟȈȍ ȒȈȒ țȌȈȟȐ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȕȍțȌȈȟȐ Ȑ Ȍȓȧ ȗȖ-
ȌȖȋȘȍȊȈȕȐȧ șȐȔȗȈȚȐȑ Ȓ ȕȍȔȞȈȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ
ȊȕȍȌȘȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȔȣ Ȋșȍȝ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȊȣȘȈȎȈȍȚ-
șȧ ȐȔȗȍȘșȒȐȑ ȒȈȕȞȓȍȘ «ȐșȚȖȘȎȍȕȐȍ» ȕȈș ȖȚȚțȌȈ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ
ȕȍ ȉȣȚȤ ȖȗȈșȕȣȔ Ȍȓȧ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȇ ȊȐȌȍȓșȧ Ȋ
DzȖȗȍȕȋȈȋȍȕȍ șȖ ǹȊȍȕȖȔ ǫȍȌȐȕȖȔ Ȑ ȋȈȘȈȕȚȐȘȖȊȈȊ ȍȔț ȒȘțȗ-
ȕțȦ șțȉșȐȌȐȦ ȖȚ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ ȏȈȘțȟȐȓșȧ ȍȋȖ șȖ-
ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍȔ Ȋ ȘȈșȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕȍȕȐȐ Ȋșȍȝ Țȍȝ ȐȏȊȍșȚȐȑ Ȑ șȖȖȉȡȍ-
ȕȐȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȉțȌțȚ ȍȔț ȗȍȘȍȌȈȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȑȏ ǩȍȘȓȐȕȈ ǪȖ ǼȘȍȌȍ
ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȉȣȓȖ șȊȐȌȈȕȐȍ ș ǩȤȍȘȕșȖȕȖȔ Ȑ ǩȍȘȋȍȘȖȔ Ȑ ȖȉȈ ȖȝȖȚ-
ȕȖ ȗȖȠȓȐ ȕȈ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȍȕȕțȦ ȐȔ ȕȈȠȐȔ ȔȐȕȐșȚȍȘșȚȊȖȔ ȐȕȖ-
șȚȘȈȕȕȣȝ Ȍȍȓ ȒȖȔȉȐȕȈȞȐȦ ȅȚȐ ȗțȉȓȐȞȐșȚȣ țșȚȘȖȧȚ Ȋ ǭȊ-

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ȘȖȗȍ Ȑ ǨȔȍȘȐȒȍ ȚȈȒțȦ ȘȍȒȓȈȔț Ȍȓȧ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȐ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ
șȖȖȉȡȈȍȔȣȝ ȐȔȐ șȊȍȌȍȕȐȑ țȚȖȕȍȚ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ
ǪȖȓȤȜ ȏȈȔȖȓȟȈȓ Ȉ ȗȖșȖȓ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȓțȠȈȊȠȐȑ ȍȋȖ
șȗȘȖșȐȓ
— Ǫȣ țȊȍȘȍȕȣ ȟȚȖ ȊȖȑȕȈ ȕȍȐȏȉȍȎȕȈ ȗȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒ"
ǪȖȓȤȜ ȕȍȏȈȔȍȚȕȖ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȜȖȕ dzțȞȐțșȈ Ȑ ȖȚ-
ȊȍȚȐȓ
— ȅȚȖ ȊȖȗȘȖș — ȉȍșȗȖȊȖȘȖȚȕȖ ȘȍȠȍȕȕȣȑ ȊȈȠȍ șȐȧȚȍȓȤ-
șȚȊȖ
ǷȘȖșȐȌȍȊ ț ȗȖșȓȈ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȟȈșȈ ǪȖȓȤȜ ȖȚȒȓȈȕȧȓșȧ
— ȇ ȗȘȖȠț ȊȈș ȋȘȈȜ — ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș Ȗȕ ȕȈ ȗȘȖȡȈȕȐȍ —
ȗȘȐȕȧȚȤ ȔȖȐ ȓțȟȠȐȍ ȗȖȎȍȓȈȕȐȧ ȉȓȈȋȖȗȖȓțȟȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȦ-
ȡȖȋȖ ȌȖșȚȖȐȕșȚȊț ȕȈȠȍȑ ȘȖȌȐȕȣ Ȑ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘȈ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȋȖ
ȗȍȘȍȌ ȊȖȑȕȖȑ ȊȣșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȧ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȖȋȖ ȗȖșȖȓȤșȚȊȈ Ǵȣ ȉȖȓȤ-
Ƞȍ ȕȍ țȊȐȌȐȔșȧ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȧ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ țșȗȍȦ țȍȝȈȚȤ
Ȋ ǹȚȖȒȋȖȓȤȔ
ǪȖȓȤȜ ȗȖȎȈȓ ȘțȒȐ ȋȘȈȜț Ȑ șȖȊȍȚȕȐȒț Ȑ ȍȡȍ ȘȈȏ ȗȖȒȓȖ-
ȕȐȊȠȐșȤ ț șȈȔȖȋȖ ȊȣȝȖȌȈ ȗȖȒȐȕțȓ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚ ȗȖșȓȈ ǷȘȖȝȖ-
Ȍȧ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȔȈȓțȦ ȗȘȐȍȔȕțȦ ȗȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒ șȚȖȓȒȕțȓșȧ ȓȐȞȖȔ Ȓ
ȓȐȞț ș DzȈȚȚȕȍȘȖȔ
ǶȉȈ ȖȕȐ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȐșȤ ȒȈȒ ȊȒȖȗȈȕȕȣȍ Ȑ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȋȕȖ-
ȊȍȕȐȑ ȔȖȓȟȈ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋț Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ DzȈȚȚ-
ȕȍȘ ȗȖȗȘȈȊȐȊ ȗȈȗȒț ș ȉțȔȈȋȈȔȐ Ȑ ȌȖȒȓȈȌȈȔȐ ȠȍȗȖȚȖȔ șȗȘȖ-
șȐȓ
— Ǫȣ ȏȌȍșȤ"
ǪȖȓȤȜ ȗȘȖȔȖȓȟȈȓ Ȑ ȗȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȍ ȌțȔȈȧ Ȗ ȚȖȔ Ȋȣ-
șȚȘȍȓȐȚ ȓȐ ȍȔț Ȋ șȗȐȕț DzȈȚȚȕȍȘ ȐȓȐ ȕȍ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȐȚ" ǵȖ șȚȈ-
Șȣȑ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌȟȐȒ ȕȍ ȚȘȖȋȈȓșȧ ș ȔȍșȚȈ Ȑ ȓȐȠȤ ȉȘȖșȐȓ ȊȌȖȋȖȕ-
Ȓț țȝȖȌȧȡȍȔț ȗȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒț ȌȊȈ șȓȖȊȈ
— ǭȍ ȒȈȏȕȐȓȐ
ǷȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒ șȓȣȠȈȓ șȒȈȏȈȕȕȖȍ ȕȖ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȍ Ȗȋȓȧȕțȓșȧ Ȑ
ȕȈȟȈȓ șȗțșȒȈȚȤșȧ ȗȖ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȍ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ ȏȈȒȘȣȓȈșȤ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȗȖșȖȓȤșȚȊȈ DzȈȚȚȕȍȘ ȗȖȌ-
ȉȍȎȈȓ Ȓ ȖȒȕț Ȑ ȗȘȐȚȈȐȊȠȐșȤ ȏȈ ȗȖȘȚȤȍȘȖȑ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȒțȌȈ
ȐȌȍȚ ǪȖȓȤȜ ǷȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒ ȕȍ șȒȘȣȊȈȧșȤ ȗȍȘȍȠȍȓ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȗȓȖ-
ȡȈȌȤ Ȑ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȗȖ ǴȖȘșȒȖȑ ș ȊȐȌȖȔ ȗȘȈȏȌȕȖȋȖ șȖȊȍȘȠȈȦ-
ȡȍȋȖ ȖȉȣȟȕțȦ ȗȘȖȋțȓȒț ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ
DzȈȚȚȕȍȘ ȗȖșȗȍȠȕȖ ȊȖȠȍȓ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ȋȌȍ șȚȖȧȓȐ ȗȐȠț-

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ȡȐȍ ȔȈȠȐȕȣ Ȑ ȗȖȌȖȑȌȧ Ȓ ȖȒȕț ȗȖȌȖȏȊȈȓ șȐȌȍȊȠȍȋȖ ȊȉȓȐ-
ȏȐ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȋȖ ȗȍȘȍȗȐșȟȐȒȈ
— Ǫȣ ȊȐȌȐȚȍ DzȦȕȞȍȓȤ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȘȖșȓȖȋȖ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕȈ Ȋ ȉȍ-
ȓȖȑ Ƞȓȧȗȍ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌȟȐȒ
— ǪȐȎț ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ DzȈȚȚȕȍȘ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȒȓȍȘȒ — Ƕȕ șȍȑ-
ȟȈș ȘȈșșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȍȚ ȌȖȔ șȚȘȈȝȖȊȖȋȖ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȈ «ǸȖșșȐȧ»?
— ǶȚȓȐȟȕȖ ǹȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ șȚțȗȈȑȚȍ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ Ȑ ȗȘȖșȓȍȌȐȚȍ
ȋȌȍ Ȗȕ ȎȐȊȍȚ Ƕȉ ȥȚȖȔ ȊȈȎȕȖ ȏȕȈȚȤ ȗȖșȖȓȤșȚȊț
DzȓȍȘȒ țȠȍȓ Ȉ DzȈȚȚȕȍȘ șȝȊȈȚȐȓșȧ ȏȈ ȋȘțȌȤ Ȑ ȚȧȎȍȓȖ Ȍȣ-
ȠȈ ȉȍșȗȖȔȖȡȕȖ ȖȗțșȚȐȓșȧ ȕȈ șȚțȓ
ǶȌȕȈȒȖ Ȗȕ șȒȖȘȖ Ȋȏȧȓ șȍȉȧ Ȋ ȘțȒȐ Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȌȍȑșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ
ǬȖșȚȈȊ Ȑȏ ȠȒȈȜȈ ȉțȔȈȋț DzȈȚȚȕȍȘ ȕȈȗȐșȈȓ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȔȔț ǪȖ-
ȚȈȕț
«ǵȈȠ ȖȉȡȐȑ ȊȘȈȋ ȏȌȍșȤ ǵȈȌȖ ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȌȍȑșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ
Ƕȕ ȎȐȊȍȚ»
DzȈȚȚȕȍȘ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓ ȔȍșȚȖ Ȍȓȧ ȈȌȘȍșȈ Ȑ ȗȖȌȗȐșȈȊ șȊȖȦ ȜȈ-
ȔȐȓȐȦ ȎȌȈȓ ǵȖ ȒȓȍȘȒ ȕȍ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȓșȧ
DzȈȚȚȕȍȘ țșȗȍȓ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȌȖȒȓȈȌȣ ȗȖșȓț Ȑ ȜȖȕ dzțȞȐțșț Ȑ
șȕȖȊȈ ȗȘȐȌȧ Ȋ ȒȈȕȞȍȓȧȘȐȦ ȊȣȗȐȓ șȚȈȒȈȕ ȟȈȧ Ȑ ȚȍȘȗȍȓȐȊȖ
ȎȌȈȓ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ DzȦȕȞȍȓȤ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȚȐȓșȧ
— ǵț" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌȟȐȒ
— ȅȚȖȚ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ ȊȖȠȍȓ Ȋ ȌȖȔ ȕȈȗȘȖȚȐȊ
ǷȘȐ ȥȚȐȝ șȓȖȊȈȝ ȒȓȍȘȒ țȒȈȏȈȓ ȘțȒȖȑ ȕȈ ȋȖșȚȐȕȐȞț ȖȒ-
ȕȈȔȐ ȊȣȝȖȌȧȡțȦ ȕȈ ȞȊȍȚȕȐȒ ȘȈșȒȐȕțȚȣȑ ȗȍȘȍȌ ǰșȈȈȒȐȍȊ-
șȒȐȔ șȖȉȖȘȖȔ
DzȈȚȚȕȍȘ ȒȐȊȕțȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ Ȑ ȚȖȘȖȗȓȐȊȖ ȖȌȍȊȠȐșȤ ȊȣȠȍȓ
ȕȈ țȓȐȞț Ȑ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȉȍȋȖȔ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜ
XXV
ǵȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȏȈȧȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȗȖșȓț ǪȖȓȤȜ ȕȍ țȍȝȈȓ Ȑȏ ǷȍȚȍȘ-
ȉțȘȋȈ ǿȚȖ-ȚȖ țȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȓȖ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȋȖȘȖȌȍ ȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȓȐ ȥȚȖ
ȚȈȑȕȖȍ ȗȘȍȌȟțȊșȚȊȐȍ ȐȓȐ ȗȘȖșȚȖȍ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȖ — ȗȖȓȒȖȊ-
ȕȐȒ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȌȊȈ Ȍȕȧ ȗȖșȓȍ ȊșȚȘȍȟȐ ș DzȈȚȚȕȍȘȖȔ ǪȖȓȤȜ ȏȈȠȍȓ
Ȋ ȒȖȕȚȖȘț ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȧ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ «ǨȘȚȐȋ Ȑ Ǫȍȑș».

128
ǪȐȓȤȉȘȈȕȚȈ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȏȈȔȍȡȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ — ȔȖ-
ȓȖȌȖȑ ȕȍȘȈșȚȖȘȖȗȕȣȑ ȕȍȔȍȞ Ǻȍȑȝ ǪȖȑȌȧ Ȋ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚ ǪȐȓȤ-
ȉȘȈȕȚȈ ǪȖȓȤȜ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓ țȌȐȊȓȍȕȕȖȔț Ǻȍȑȝț ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒțȦ ȒȈȘ-
ȚȖȟȒț țȒȘȈȠȍȕȕțȦ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȐȔ ȖȘȓȖȔ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ȇ ȖȉȢȍȏȎȈȦ ǸȖșșȐȦ Ȑ ȗȘȖȊȍȘȧȦ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȌȍȓȈ Ǵȕȍ
ȕȈȌȖ ȏȕȈȚȤ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓȐ ȓȐ Ȋȣ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȔȔț ȖȚ ǪȖȚȈȕȈ"
— A-Ȉ.. — ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓ Ǻȍȑȝ — Ǫȣ țȎȍ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ" ǫȖșȗȖȌȐȕ
ǪȖȚȈȕ ȗȘȐșȓȈȓ ȕȈ ȐȔȧ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕȈ ǪȐȓȤȉȘȈȕȚȈ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȔȔț
ȗȘȍȌȗȐșȣȊȈȦȡțȦ ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ șȕȍșȚȐșȤ ș ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌȟȐȒȖȔ ȗȖ-
șȖȓȤșȚȊȈ DzȈȚȚȕȍȘȖȔ Ȑ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȏȈȧȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȔȍșȚȕȣȔ ȊȓȈșȚȧȔ
Ȗ ȗȘȍȉȣȊȈȕȐȐ Ȋ ǷȍȚȍȘȉțȘȋȍ ȕȍȒȖȍȋȖ ǪȖȓȤȜȈ ȈȌȘȍș ȒȖȚȖȘȖ-
ȋȖ Ȋ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȔȔȍ țȒȈȏȈȕ
— ȅȚȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȖ — ȖȎȐȊȐȓșȧ ǪȖȓȤȜ — ȇ ȕȍȔȕȖ-
ȋȖ ȏȕȈȦ ȥȚȖȋȖ ǪȖȓȤȜȈ Ȑ Ȕȕȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȘȐȧȚȕȖ ȖȒȈȏȈȚȤ țșȓțȋț
ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕț ǪȖȚȈȕț ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȧ șȊȧȏȈȕ ș ȕȐȔ ȌȈȊȕȐȠȕȍȑ Ȑ Țȍș-
ȕȖȑ ȌȘțȎȉȖȑ ǷȖȒȈȎȐȚȍ Ȕȕȍ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȔȔț
ǪȖȓȤȜ ȗȘȖȉȍȎȈȓ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȔȔț ǪȖȚȈȕȈ Ȑ țȓȣȉȕțȓșȧ
— ǶȚȓȐȟȕȖ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ — ǺȍȓȍȋȘȈȜȐȘțȑȚȍ ǪȖȚȈȕț ȟȚȖ
Ȋșȍ ȉțȌȍȚ șȌȍȓȈȕȖ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ Ȏȍ
ǷȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȊ ȍȡȍ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ș ǺȍȑȝȖȔ ǪȖȓȤȜ ȗȖȒȐȕțȓ ȒȖȕ-
ȚȖȘț ȚȖȘȋȖȊȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ Ȑ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ Ȓ șȍȉȍ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ Ȗȕ ȗȖȕȐ-
ȔȈȓ ȟȚȖ țȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȓȖ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌȍ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ șțȌȤȉȈ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȗȖ-
ȒȘȖȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖȊȈȊȠȈȧ ȍȔț ȊȖ Ȋșȍȝ ȍȋȖ ȖȗȈșȕȣȝ ȗȘȍȌȗȘȐȧ-
ȚȐȧȝ
ǵȈ țȓȐȞȍ ǪȖȓȤȜ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓ ȔȕȖȋȖȓȦȌȕțȦ ȔȈȕȐ-
ȜȍșȚȈȞȐȦ ǷȍȓȐ ȋȐȔȕȣ ȒȘȐȟȈȓȐ «țȘȈ» ȕȖ șȘȍȌȐ ȥȚȐȝ ȒȓȐ-
ȒȖȊ Ȑ ȗȍȕȐȧ ȘȈȏȌȈȊȈȓȐșȤ țȋȘȖȏȣ Ȑ ȊȘȈȎȌȍȉȕȣȍ ȒȘȐȒȐ ȗȘȖ-
ȚȐȊ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȐ
«ȅȚȖ — ȕȖȊȖȍ — ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ ǪȖȓȤȜ — ǸȈȕȤȠȍ țȋȘȖȎȈȓȐ ȓȐȠȤ
ǨȊșȚȘȐȐ ǵȍ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ȓȐ ȟȍȋȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ"»
ǵȈ ȍȋȖ ȊȖȗȘȖș ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȋȈȏȍȚȟȐȒ ǷȘȖȚȐșȒȐȊȈȧșȤ Ȋ ȚȖȓȗȍ,
Ȗȕ ȏȊȖȕȒȐȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȊȣȒȘȐȒȐȊȈȓ
— ǶȉȢȧȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȊȖȑȕȣ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȍȑ ǷȍȘȊȣȍ șȚȖȓȒȕȖȊȍȕȐȧ
ǪȖȓȤȜ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȟȈȓȖșȤ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț șțȎ-
ȌȍȕȖ ȐȏȔȍȕȐȚȤ șțȌȤȉȣ ȕȈȘȖȌȖȊ Ƕȕ ȒțȗȐȓ ȋȈȏȍȚț Ȑ ȊȕȐȔȈ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȖȟȍȓ ȍȍ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȊȠȐșȤ ȕȈ țȋȓț ǴȖȘșȒȖȑ țȓȐȞȣ
ǻȏȕȈȊ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖșȚȐ ȖȉȢȧȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȊȖȑȕȣ ǪȖȓȤȜ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȓ-
șȧ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȗȖșȖȓȤșȚȊȈ Ƕȕ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ ȗȖȓȐȞȍȑ-

129
șȒȐȝ ȖȝȘȈȕȧȊȠȐȝ ȏȌȈȕȐȍ ȕȖ Ȋ ȖȒȕȈȝ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȐȌȕȖ ȕȐ șȊȍ-
ȚȈ ȕȐ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧ ȓȦȌȍȑ ǺȈȔ ȗȘȐȚȈȐȓȐșȤ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖ ȚȖȔț ȒȈȒ
ȚȈȐȚșȧ Ȋ șȊȖȍȑ ȉȍȘȓȖȋȍ șȖȊȍȘȠȐȊȠȐȑ ȕȍțȌȈȟȕȖȍ ȕȈȗȈȌȍȕȐȍ
ȏȊȍȘȤ ȎȌțȡȐȑ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȐ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȉȘȖșȐȚȤșȧ
ǰȏ ȖȒȕȈ șȊȖȍȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ Ȋ ȋȖșȚȐȕȐȞȍ ǪȖȓȤȜ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȒȈȒ Ȓ
ȗȖșȖȓȤșȚȊț ȕȈ ȐȏȊȖȏȟȐȒȍ ȗȖȌȢȍȝȈȓ DzȈȚȚȕȍȘ Ȉ ȊșȒȖȘȍ ȗȖȌȖ-
Ƞȍȓ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȤ Ȑȏ ȕȍȋȖ ȊȣȠȍȓ șȖȊȍȚȕȐȒ ȗȖșȖȓȤ-
șȚȊȈ ȉȈȘȖȕ ȜȖȕ dzțȞȐțș Ȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖ șȒȘȣȓșȧ Ȋ ȗȖȌȢȍȏȌȍ
ǵȈ ȔȐȕțȚț ȊșȗȣȝȕțȓȖ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȚȊȖ ȕȈ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȍ Ȉ ȗȖ-
ȚȖȔ șȕȖȊȈ Ȋșȍ ȗȖȚțȝȓȖ
ǪȖȓȤȜ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ ȗȖșȖȓȤșȚȊȖ ȋȖȚȖȊȐȚșȧ Ȓ ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȚȖ ȊȈȎ-
ȕȣȔ șȖȉȣȚȐȧȔ Ƕȕ ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȊȣȠȍȓ Ȑȏ ȋȖșȚȐȕȐȞȣ Ȑ ȊȖȑ-
Ȍȧ Ȋ ȊȖȘȖȚȈ ȗȖșȖȓȤșȚȊȈ ȗȖ ȉȖȒȖȊȖȑ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȍ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ Ȋ ȗȖ-
ȔȍȡȍȕȐȍ ȗȖșȓȈ ǹȍȒȘȍȚȈȘȤ ȋȘȈȜȈ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ ȗȘȖȗțșȚȐȓ ȍȋȖ
Ȑ ǪȖȓȤȜ ȊȖȠȍȓ Ȋ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚ ȗȘȍșȚȈȘȍȓȖȋȖ ȌȐȗȓȖȔȈȚȈ
— ȇ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȘȈȌ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȊȈș ȍȡȍ ȘȈȏ ȗȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒ — șȒȈȏȈȓ
ȗȖșȖȓ — ǹȍȋȖȌȕȧ Ȕȣ țȍȏȎȈȍȔ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ Ȕȣ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓȐ ȗȈș-
ȗȖȘȚȈ Ȑ ȕȈȔ ȕȍȟȍȋȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ Ȋ șȚȖȓȐȞȍ ǸȖșșȐȐ
ǻ ȗȖșȓȈ ȉȣȓ ȖȟȍȕȤ țȌȘțȟȍȕȕȣȑ ȊȐȌ
ǵȈ ȌȘȧȝȓȖȔ ȓȐȞȍ ȍȋȖ ȓȍȋȓȐ ȚȍȔȕȣȍ ȚȍȕȐ ȌȘȖȎȈȓȐ ȋțȉȣ
Ȑ ȕȍȏȌȖȘȖȊȣȑ ȓȐȝȖȘȈȌȖȟȕȣȑ ȉȓȍșȒ ȉȣȓ Ȋ șȚȈȘȟȍșȒȐȝ șȓȍȏȧ-
ȡȐȝșȧ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ǷȖșȖȓ ȗȖȌȖȑȌȧ Ȓ ǪȖȓȤȜț ȕȈȋȕțȓșȧ Ȓ ȍȋȖ țȝț
Ȑ Ƞȍȗȕțȓ
— ǻ ȕȈș ȊȣȠȓȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȖșȚȤ ǷȘȖȗȈȓȐ ȊȍșȤȔȈ
ȊȈȎȕȣȍ ȉțȔȈȋȐ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȈȦȡȐȍ Ȋ șȍȉȍ ȊșȦ ȗȍȘȍȗȐșȒț ȋȍȘ-
ȔȈȕșȒȖȋȖ ȗȖșȖȓȤșȚȊȈ ș ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȔȐ ȜȐȘȔȈȔȐ ȗȖȔȍȡȐȒȈȔȐ
Ȑ ȒȖȓȖȕȐșȚȈȔȐ șȖșȚȖȧȡȐȔȐ ȕȈ șȓțȎȉȍ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȖȋȖ ȗȘȈȊȐ-
ȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ Ȑ șȕȈȉȎȈȦȡȐȔȐ ȊȖȍȕȕȖȍ Ȑ ȔȖȘșȒȖȍ ȔȐȕȐșȚȍȘșȚȊȈ
ȊȈȎȕȣȔȐ Ȑ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȣȔȐ șȊȍȌȍȕȐȧȔȐ
— ȅȚȖ ȚȖ ȟȍȋȖ ȧ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȉȖȧȓșȧ — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ ǪȖȓȤȜ
— ǷȓȖȝȖ ȚȖ — ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ ȠȍȗȖȚȖȔ ȗȖșȖȓ, — ȟȚȖ ȉțȔȈ-
ȋȐ ȥȚȐ ȉȍȏțșȓȖȊȕȖ ȊȣȒȘȈȌȍȕȣ ȗȖșȚȖȘȖȕȕȐȔ ȓȐȞȖȔ ȇ ȥȚȖ țȚ-
ȊȍȘȎȌȈȦ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȉțȔȈȋȐ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȗȖȗȍȟȍȕȐȐ ȚȈ-
ȒȖȋȖ ȗȘȍȌȈȕȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȌȖȓȋȖȓȍȚȕȍȋȖ șȓțȎȈȡȍȋȖ ȗȖșȖȓȤșȚȊȈ ȒȈ-
ȒȐȔ Ȕȣ Ȋșȍ șȟȐȚȈȍȔ DzȈȚȚȕȍȘȈ
— DzȈȚȚȕȍȘȈ" — ȗȍȘȍșȗȘȖșȐȓ ǪȖȓȤȜ Ȑ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ ȏȈȌțȔȈȓșȧ
— Ǫȣ ȍȋȖ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ" — Ƞȍȗȕțȓ ȗȖșȖȓ
— ǬȈ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ Ȗ ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ ȌțȔȈȊ-

130
ȠȐȑ ǪȖȓȤȜ
ǰȏ șȖșȍȌȕȍȋȖ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚȈ ȌȖȕȖșȐȓșȧ ȘȈȏȌȘȈȎȍȕȕȣȑ ȋȖȓȖș
ȜȖȕ dzțȞȐțșȈ ȌȖȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȊȠȍȋȖ DzȈȚȚȕȍȘȈ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȝ șȓțȎȈ-
ȡȐȝ ȒȈȕȞȍȓȧȘȐȐ ȗȖșȖȓȤșȚȊȈ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ Ȋ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚ ȗȖșȓȈ ȊȖ-
Ƞȍȓ ȜȖȕ dzțȞȐțș ȒȘȈșȕȣȑ ȖȚ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȚȈȒ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ Ȍȓȧ
ȕȍȋȖ ȘȈȏȔȈȝȐȊȈȦȡȐȑ ȘțȒȈȔȐ
— Ǫșȍ ȉȍȏțșȗȍȠȕȖ — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ Ȗȕ — Ǫșȍ ȔȖȓȟȈȚ ȕȐ-
ȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦȚ ȇ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ȌȈȎȍ țșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠ-
ȓȈ ȒȘȈȎȈ ȥȚȐȝ ȉțȔȈȋ ǶȕȐ ȝȘȈȕȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȌȊțȝ ȘȍȋȐșȚȘȈȞȐȖȕ-
ȕȣȝ ȗȈȗȒȈȝ Ȑ ȗȖȝȐȚȐȚȍȓȤ Ȋȣȕțȓ Ȑȝ ȕȍ ȚȘȖȕțȊ ȗȈȗȖȒ ȚȈȒ
ȟȚȖ ȚȘțȌȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȚȤ ȐșȟȍȏȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȥȚȐȝ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȒȖȔ-
ȗȘȖȔȍȚȐȘțȦȡȐȝ ȕȈȠȍ ȗȖșȖȓȤșȚȊȖ Ȑ ȔȕȖȋȐȍ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȍ ȜȐȘ-
Ȕȣ Ȑ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȈ ȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚȖȊ
ǪȖȓȤȜ șȐȌȍȓ ȌȖ ȗȖȏȌȕȍȑ ȕȖȟȐ Ȋ ȗȖșȖȓȤșȚȊȍ Ƕȕ ȊȐȌȍȓ
ȒȈȒ ȗȖșȗȍȠȕȖ țȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȓȐ șȓțȎȈȡȐȍ ȗȖșȖȓȤșȚȊȈ ȉțȔȈȋȐ Ȑ
ȊȍȡȐ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȐȝ ȌȐȗȓȖȔȈȚȖȊ ȒȈȒ ȊȣȕȖșȐȓȐ Ȑȝ ȕȈ ȗȖȌȈȕ-
ȕȣȍ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȣ ǪȔȍșȚȍ ș ȗȖșȓȖȔ Ȑ șȖȊȍȚȕȐȒȖȔ Ȗȕ ȗȖȍȝȈȓ ȕȈ
ȊȖȒȏȈȓ ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȗȖ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ Ȗȕ ȗȖ ȚȘțȉȒȍ ȚȍȓȍȜȖȕȈ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȓ
ȠȖȜȍȘț ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȖȎȈȊ ȘțȒȐ ȖȉȖȐȔ ȌȐȗȓȖ-
ȔȈȚȈȔ ȊȣȠȍȓ Ȑȏ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȧ Ȑ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖ
ǪșȦ ȕȖȟȤ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȓ ǪȖȓȤȜ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȞȊȍȚȕȐȒȈ ȘȈȏȉȐȚȖȋȖ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȌ ǰșȈȈȒȐȍȊșȒȐȔ șȖȉȖȘȖȔ Ȑ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȓȍȌȐȓ ȏȈ ȚȍȔ
ȟȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȏȌȈȕȐȐ ȗȖșȖȓȤșȚȊȈ Ƕȕ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȒȈȒ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȍȡȍ
ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȐ ȊȣȕȖșȐȚȤ ȧȡȐȒȐ ȋȘțȏȐȚȤ Ȑȝ ȕȈ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȣ Ȑ ȒȈȒ
ȖȕȐ ȖȌȕȈ ȏȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȖȚȢȍȏȎȈȓȐ ȖȚ ȏȌȈȕȐȧ ȗȖșȖȓȤșȚȊȈ Ȑ ȕȈȗȘȈȊ-
ȓȧȓȐșȤ Ȓ ȊȖȒȏȈȓț
DzȖȋȌȈ Ȋșȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȣȊȍȏȍȕȖ ǪȖȓȤȜ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȟȚȖ Ȑȏ ȗȖȌȢȍȏȌȈ
ȊȣȠȍȓ DzȈȚȚȕȍȘ Ȋ șȖȗȘȖȊȖȎȌȍȕȐȐ ȠȊȍȑȞȈȘȈ ȗȖșȖȓȤșȚȊȈ
ǶȕȐ ȏȈȗȍȘȓȐ ȗȖȌȢȍȏȌ Ȑ ȘȈșșȚȈȓȐșȤ
ǻȊȖȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȠȊȍȑȞȈȘ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ ȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ ȕȍșȧ ș șȖȉȖȑ ȕȍ-
ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȒȓȍȚȟȈȚȣȑ ȟȍȔȖȌȈȕ Ȉ DzȈȚȚȕȍȘ ȗȖȗȓȍȓșȧ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖ-
ȕț ǹȍȕȈȚȈ ǬȖȑȌȧ ȌȖ ǷȖȟȚȈȔȚșȒȖȑ țȓȐȞȣ Ȗȕ ȉȣșȚȘȖ șȊȍȘȕțȓ
Ȋ ȕȍȍ Ȑ ȌȖȠȍȌȠȐȑ ȌȖ ȒȖȕȞȈ ȞȊȍȚȕȐȒȈ ǪȖȓȤȜ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȟȚȖ șȚȈ-
ȘȐȒ șȚȖȐȚ ȏȈ țȋȓȖȔ Ȑ ȟȍȋȖ-ȚȖ ȎȌȍȚ
ǷȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ DzȈȚȚȕȍȘ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȌȈȍȚ ȗȖȒȈ ȕȍ țȑ-
ȌȍȚ ȠȊȍȑȞȈȘ
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȚȈȘȣȑ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌȟȐȒ ȗȖșȖȓȤșȚȊȈ
ȊȣȠȍȓ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ țȋȓȈ Ȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȖȠȍȓ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȗȖșȖȓȤșȚȊȈ Ƕȕ

ȖȚȒȘȣȓ ȗȖȌȢȍȏȌ Ȑ ȕȍ ȏȈȗȐȘȈȧ ȏȈ șȖȉȖȑ ȌȊȍȘȐ ȊȉȍȎȈȓ Ȋ ȌȖȔ
ǷȘȣȋȈȧ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȒȓțȔȉȣ ȗȖȉȍȎȈȓ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ Ȑ ǪȖȓȤȜ Ƕȕ ȉȣ-
șȚȘȖ ȊȖȠȍȓ Ȋ ȗȖșȖȓȤșȚȊȖ Ȑ țșȓȣȠȈȓ ȠȈȋȐ DzȈȚȚȕȍȘȈ ȠȍȌȠȍ-
ȋȖ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȏȈȓ
ǯȈ ȕȐȔ ȗȖșȓȍȌȖȊȈȓ Ȑ ȗȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒ ȚȐȝȖ șȚțȗȈȧ Ȑ ȗȘȐșȓț-
ȠȐȊȈȧșȤ Ȋ ȒȈȒțȦ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȧȍȚșȧ șȚȈȘȐȒ ǵȖ ȠȈȋȐ
DzȈȚȚȕȍȘȈ ȊȌȘțȋ ȏȈȔȖȓȒȓȐ Ȑ ǪȖȓȤȜ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȍȔț ȌȍȓȈȚȤ
ǪșȒȖȘȍ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ Ȗȕ țșȓȣȠȈȓ ȟȚȖ DzȈȚȚȕȍȘ ȗȖȌȣȔȈȍȚșȧ ȊȊȍȘȝ
ȗȖ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȖȑ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȍ ǪȖȓȤȜ ȏȕȈȓ ȥȚț ȓȍșȚȕȐȞț ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ
ȒȘțȋȓȈȧ ȊȐȚȈȧ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȈ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȧȡȈȧ șȕȐȏț ȌȖȊȍȘȝț ȏȌȈȕȐȍ
ȗȖșȖȓȤșȚȊȈ Ȑ ȊȣȝȖȌȧȡȈȧ ȕȈ ȟȍȘȌȈȒ ȋȌȍ ȝȘȈȕȐȓșȧ ȏȈȗȈș ȗȖ-
șțȌȣ Ȑ ȘȈȏȕȖȋȖ șȚȖȓȖȊȖȋȖ ȉȍȓȤȧ Ȍȓȧ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȝ ȗȘȐȍȔȖȊ Ȋ
ȗȖșȖȓȤșȚȊȍ
ǪȖȓȤȜ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ șȚȈȘȣȑ DzȈȚȚȕȍȘ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ ȚțȌȈ ȕȍ-
șȗȘȖșȚȈ ǷȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒ șȕȧȓ șȈȗȖȋȐ Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȉȍșȠțȔȕȖ ȗȖȌȕȐ-
ȔȈȚȤșȧ ȗȖ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȍ șȚȈȘȈȧșȤ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȒȈșȈȚȤșȧ ȘțȒȈȔȐ
Ȓ ȗȍȘȐȓȈȔ
ǵȈ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȍȔȕȖ Ȑ ǪȖȓȤȜ Ƞȍȓ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȖșȚȈ-
ȕȈȊȓȐȊȈȧșȤ ȕȈ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȒȍ ȒȈȎȌȖȋȖ ȥȚȈȎȈ Ȑ șȚȈȘȈȧșȤ țȋȈȌȈȚȤ,
ȒțȌȈ ȗȖȠȍȓ DzȈȚȚȕȍȘ DzȖȋȌȈ ǪȖȓȤȜ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ȕȈ șȈȔȣȑ ȟȍȘ-
ȌȈȒ Ȗȕ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȖȚȉȓȍșȒ șȊȍȚȈ ȉȍȋȈȦȡȍȋȖ ȗȖ șȚȘȖȗȐȓȈȔ Ǫȣ-
șȚȈȊȐȊ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȍ ȉȣȚȤ ȏȈȔȍȟȍȕȕȣȔ ȗȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒ
ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȓȍȌȐȓ ȏȈ DzȈȚȚȕȍȘȖȔ
ǹȚȈȘȐȒ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȏȕȈȧ ȟȚȖ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȊȐ-
ȌȍȚȤ ȍȋȖ Ƕȕ șȉȘȖșȐȓ ș șȍȉȧ șȦȘȚțȒ Ȑ ȎȐȓȍȚ Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȗȍȘȍȚȈ-
șȒȐȊȈȚȤ ȕȈȊȈȓȍȕȕȣȍ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȔ țȋȓț ȧȡȐȒȐ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȍȕȕȣȍ
șȚȘțȎȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȖȗȐȓȒȈȔȐ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȘȈȏȉȐȚȣȍ ȊȈȏȣ ȋȐȗșȖȊȣȍ
țȒȘȈȠȍȕȐȧ Ȑ Ȟȍȓȣȍ ȒȐȗȣ șȚȈȘȣȝ ȕȐȒȖȔț ȕȍ ȕțȎȕȣȝ ȋȈȏȍȚ
ǷȖȌ ȊșȍȔ ȥȚȐȔ ȝȓȈȔȖȔ ȉȣȓȈ ȏȈȗȘȧȚȈȕȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ ȗȈȗȒȈ ȚțȋȖ
ȗȍȘȍȚȧȕțȚȈȧ ȚȖȓșȚȖȑ ȊȍȘȍȊȒȖȑ DzȈȚȚȕȍȘ ȗȘȐȕȍș ȗțșȚȖȑ ȧȡȐȒ,
ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȓ ȕȈ ȕȍȔ ȜȖȕȈȘȤ Ȑ ȘȈȏȊȧȏȈȊ ȗȈȗȒț ȕȈȟȈȓ ȗȍȘȍȓȐ-
șȚȣȊȈȚȤ ȉțȔȈȋȐ ȘȈȏȣșȒȐȊȈȧ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȕțȎȕȖȍ ȍȔț Ƕȕ ȕȈȠȍȓ
ȖȌȐȕ ȏȈ ȌȘțȋȐȔ Ȋȣȕțȓ Ȑȏ ȒȐȗȣ ȉțȔȈȋ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȓȐșȚȖȊ Ȑ
ȗȘȐȕȧȓșȧ ȏȈ ȘȈȉȖȚț
_____

132
XXVI
ǹȚȘȈȕȕțȦ ȒȈȘȚȐȕț ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȓ Ȋ Țț ȕȖȟȤ ȟȍȘȌȈȒ ȋȍȘ-
ȔȈȕșȒȖȋȖ ȗȖșȖȓȤșȚȊȈ
ǺțșȒȓȣȑ șȊȍȚ ȜȖȕȈȘȧ ȖșȊȍȡȈȓ șȍȌțȦ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȑ șȋȖȘȉ-
ȓȍȕȕțȦ ȜȐȋțȘț șȚȈȘȖȋȖ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌȟȐȒȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȊȣȕȐȔȈȓ Ȑȏ
ȗȈȗȒȐ Ȋșȍ ȕȖȊȣȍ Ȑ ȕȖȊȣȍ ȉțȔȈȋȐ Ȉ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȏȈȠȐȊȈȓ ȖȚȌȍȓȤ-
ȕȣȍ ȓȐșȚȣ Ȋ ȗȈȓȤȚȖ ȗȖȌ ȗȖȌȒȓȈȌȒț șȦȘȚțȒȈ Ȑ ȎȐȓȍȚȈ ȗȖ-
ȚȖȔ ȗȖȌȗȖȘȖȊ ȗȖȧș ȉȘȦȒ Ȗȕ ȏȈȗȐȝȐȊȈȓ Ȋ ȕȍȋȖ șȊȍȘȕțȚȣȍ Ȋ
ȌȓȐȕȕȣȍ ȗȖȓȖșȒȐ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȊȈȎȕȣȍ ȉțȔȈȋȐ
Ǩ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȊȣșȚȈȊȐȊ șȚȖȘȖȎȒțȦ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȕȈȌ ȗȖș-
ȓȍȌȕȐȔȐ șȚțȗȍȕȤȒȈȔȐ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȣ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȥȚț ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕ-
ȕțȦ ȘȈȉȖȚț șȚȈȘȖȋȖ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌȟȐȒȈ ȗȖșȖȓȤșȚȊȈ ȏȖȘȒȐȔȐ ȗȖȓ-
ȕȣȔȐ ȕȍȕȈȊȐșȚȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ
ǻȎȍ ȕȈȟȈȓȖ șȊȍȚȈȚȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ DzȈȚȚȕȍȘ ȖȒȖȕȟȐȓ șȊȖȦ șȚȘȈȕ-
ȕțȦ ȘȈȉȖȚț
ǸȈȏȌȍȚȣȑ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȔ ȉȍȓȤȍ Ȗȕ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ Ȑ ȗȖȚȧȕțȓșȧ ǷȖ-
ȚȖȔ Ȗȕ ȒȖȔț-ȚȖ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȋȘȖȏȐȓ ȒțȓȈȒȖȔ Ȑ ȉȍȏȏȊțȟȕȖ ȠȍȊȍȓȐȓ
ȉȓȍȌȕȣȔȐ ȋțȉȈȔȐ
Ǫ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȖșȓȣȠȈȓșȧ ȠȖȘȖȝ ȕȈ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȍ Ȑ DzȈȚȚȕȍȘ
ȖȉȍȘȕțȓșȧ
ǵȈ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȑ șȚțȗȍȕȤȒȍ șȚȖȧȓ Ȑ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ Ȋ țȗȖȘ
ǪȖȓȤȜ
ǹȚȈȘȐȒ ȗȘȖȕȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ Ȑ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ Ȓ șȓțȝȖȊȖȔț
ȖȒȕț ȕȖ ǪȖȓȤȜ ȖȌȕȐȔ ȗȘȣȎȒȖȔ ȌȖȋȕȈȓ ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȖȚȚȖȓȒȕțȓ
DzȈȚȚȕȍȘ țȗȈȓ ǫȖȓȖȊȈ ȍȋȖ țȌȈȘȐȓȈșȤ Ȗ ȗțșȚȖȑ ȧȡȐȒ Ȑ
ȚȖȘȟȈȡȐȑ Ȑȏ ȕȍȋȖ ȋȊȖȏȌȤ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ ȊȗȐȓșȧ șȚȈȘȐȒț Ȋ ȠȍȦ
DzȈȚȚȕȍȘ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȖșȊȖȉȖȌȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȊșȚȈȓ DzȘȖȊȤ ȒȈȗȈȓȈ ȟȍȘ-
ȕȣȔȐ ȒȈȗȓȧȔȐ ȕȈ ȘțȉȈȠȒț ȕȖ DzȈȚȚȕȍȘ țȎȍ țșȗȖȒȖȐȓșȧ
Ƕȕ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ǪȖȓȤȜȈ
ǴȍȎȌț ȗȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒȖȔ Ȑ șȓȈȉȣȔ ȚȡȍȌțȠȕȣȔ șȚȈȘȐȒȖȔ ȏȈ-
ȊȧȏȈȓȈșȤ ȉȖȘȤȉȈ
ǪȖȓȤȜ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓ țȉȐȊȈȚȤ DzȈȚȚȕȍȘȈ Ƕȕ ȓȐȠȤ șȚȈȘȈȓșȧ șȒȘț-
ȚȐȚȤ ȍȔț ȘțȒȐ ȕȈ șȗȐȕȍ ȕȖ șȚȈȘȐȒ ȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ șȖȗȘȖȚȐȊȓȍ-
ȕȐȍ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ ȝȘȐȗȧ ȊȣȒȘȐȒȐȊȈȧ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȐȍ ȏȓȖȉȕȣȍ ȗȘȖȒȓȧ-
ȚȐȧ

133
— ǻȉȐȑȞȈ. ȗȘȍȌȈȚȍȓȤ!.. ȕȍȋȖȌȧȑ — ȠȐȗȍȓ Ȗȕ ȏȈȌȣ-
ȝȈȧșȤ Ȑ șȚȈȘȈȧșȤ ȊȣȘȊȈȚȤ șȊȖȐ ȘțȒȐ Ȑȏ ȘțȒ ǪȖȓȤȜȈ ȏȈȠȍȌ-
ȠȍȋȖ ȍȔț șȏȈȌȐ
ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ DzȈȚȚȕȍȘ ȏȈȝȘȐȗȍȓ
Ƕȕ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȌȐȒȖ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ȗȖȠȈȚȕțȓșȧ ȗȖȚȖȔ șȕȖȊȈ Ȋȣ-
ȗȘȧȔȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȊȌȘțȋ ȏȈȒȈȚȐȊ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȑ ȒȖȘȟȈșȤ Ȋ șțȌȖȘȖȋȈȝ țȗȈȓ
ȕȈȊȏȕȐȟȤ ǫȘțȌȤ ȍȋȖ ȊȣșȖȒȖ ȊȏȌȣȔȈȓȈșȤ Ǫ ȕȍȑ ȒȓȖȒȖȚȈȓȖ Ȑ
ȝȘȐȗȍȓȖ ǰȏ ȘȈșȒȘȣȚȖȋȖ ȘȚȈ ȊȣȘȣȊȈȓȖșȤ ȠȐȗȧȡȍȍ ȌȣȝȈ-
ȕȐȍ ǶȕȖ șȓȈȉȍȓȖ ș ȒȈȎȌȖȑ ȔȐȕțȚȖȑ Ȑ ȊșȒȖȘȍ șȖȊșȍȔ ȏȈȚȐȝ-
ȓȖ DzȈȚȚȕȍȘ ȠȍȊȍȓȤȕțȓ ȘțȒȖȑ ȗȖȚȖȔ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȍ țșȐ-
ȓȐȍ ȗȖȌȕȧȚȤșȧ ȕȖ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ȍȋȖ ȏȈȗȘȖȒȐȕțȓȈșȤ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȚȍȓȖ Ȗȗț-
șȚȐȓȖșȤ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȘȈșȚȍȒȈȧșȤ ȗȖ ȗȣȓȤȕȖȔț ȗȖȓț ȋȌȍ ȊȈȓȧȓȐșȤ
ȖȉȘȣȊȒȐ ȉțȔȈȋ ȖȗȐȓȒȐ Ȑ șȖȓȖȔȈ Ȑȏ-ȗȖȌ ȉțȚȣȓȖȒ
ǪȖȓȤȜ ș ȖȚȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȍȔ Ȑ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȚȍȔ ș ȖȚȚȍȕȒȖȔ șȚȘȈȝȈ
șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȔȍȘȚȊȖȋȖ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ ǵȖ ȌȓȐȓȖșȤ ȥȚȖ ȊșȍȋȖ ȓȐȠȤ
ȖȌȕȖ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ
ǷȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒ ȗȖȚțȠȐȓ ȜȖȕȈȘȤ Ȋȏȧȓ ȗȈȗȒț ș ȉțȔȈȋȈȔȐ Ȑ
ȗȓȈȚȤȍ DzȈȚȚȕȍȘȈ Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓ șȗțșȒȈȚȤșȧ ȗȖ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȍ
Ǫ ȗȍȘȍȌȕȍȑ Ȗȕ ȘȈșȗȖȘȖȓ ȗȖȌȒȓȈȌȒț Ȑ Ȋȣȕțȓ Ȋșȍ ȉțȔȈȋȐ
ȏȈȗȘȧȚȈȕȕȣȍ șȚȈȘȐȒȖȔ Ȉ ȗȓȈȚȤȍ ȉȘȖșȐȓ Ȋ șȚȍȕȕȖȑ ȠȒȈȜ
ǵȐȒȍȔ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȟȍȕȕȣȑ ǪȖȓȤȜ ȊȣȠȍȓ Ȑȏ ȏȌȈȕȐȧ ȗȖșȖȓȤ-
șȚȊȈ Ȑ ȏȈȗȍȘȍȊ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȒȓȦȟ țȠȍȓ
XXVII
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȕȍȑ Ȋ ǹȚȖȒȋȖȓȤȔȍ Ȋ «ǶȗȍȘȈ-ȒȈȜȍ», ȏȈ
șȚȖȓȖȔ șȐȌȍȓȐ ȌȊȖȍ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȓȦȉțȧșȤ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȦȡȐȔșȧ ȊȐȌȖȔ
ȕȈ ȔȖȘȍ ǶȕȐ ȗȐȓȐ ȒȖȜȍ ȟȐȚȈȓȐ ȋȈȏȍȚȣ Ȑ ȒțȘȐȓȐ ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ
ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȊșȒȘȐȒȕțȓ Ȑ țȌȈȘȐȓ ȓȈȌȖȕȤȦ ȗȖ șȚȖȓț
— ǹȔȖȚȘȐȚȍ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ Ȑ țȒȈȏȈȓ ȗȈȓȤȞȍȔ
ȕȈ ȗȖȘȈȏȐȊȠțȦ ȍȋȖ ȋȈȏȍȚȕțȦ ȏȈȔȍȚȒț
ǵȈȏȊȈȕȕȣȑ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘȖȔ — ȊȣșȖȒȐȑ ȠȐȘȖȒȖȗȓȍȟȐȑ Șȣ-
ȎȐȑ ș șȐȓȤȕȖȑ ȗȘȖșȍȌȤȦ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ — ȕȈȟȈȓ Ȋșȓțȝ ȟȐȚȈȚȤ:
«Ǫ ǷȍȚȘȖȋȘȈȌȍ ȕȈ ȟȍȘȌȈȒȍ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȖȋȖ ȗȖșȖȓȤșȚȊȈ ȕȈȑ-
Ȍȍȕ țȉȐȚȣȔ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌȟȐȒ ȗȖșȖȓȤșȚȊȈ DzȈȚȚȕȍȘ  ȓȍȚ».

134
— ȇ ȊȈȔ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ Ȗ ȕȖȟȕȖȔ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍ-
ȕȐȐ ȔȖȍȔ Ȋ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȗȘȍȉȣȊȈȕȐȧ Ȋ ǷȍȚȍȘȉțȘ-
ȋȍ" ǪȖȚ ȍȋȖ ȖȚȒȓȐȒȐ
ǸȣȎȐȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȔȖȓȟȈ ȒȐȊȕțȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ
— ǵț ȟȚȖ Ȏ" — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ — Ǫȣ ȚțȚ ȕȐ ȗȘȐ ȟȍȔ
ǬȈ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȚȖȋȖ, Ȋȣ șȗȈșȈȓȐ ȌȍȓȖ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȐ Ȑ ȒȈȒȐȝ ȉȣ ȎȍȘȚȊ
ȥȚȖ ȕȐ șȚȖȐȓȖ — ȐșȗȖȓȕȐȚȤ ȥȚȖ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖ ǪȖȚ ȧ ȕȈȗȘȐ-
ȔȍȘ ȇ ȊȍȌȤ ȚȖȎȍ ȒȈȒ ȊȈȔ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȎȐȓ Ȋ ǸȖșșȐȐ ȅȚȐ
ȕȈȐȊȕȣȍ ȘțșșȒȐȍ ȓȦȌȐ ȍȡȍ ȕȍȌȈȊȕȖ ȋȖȘȌȐȓȐșȤ ȚȍȔ ȟȚȖ
ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ ǪȐȓȤȋȍȓȤȔ ǶșȚȊȈȓȤȌ ȟȐȚȈȓ ȓȍȒȞȐȐ Ȋ ȘȐȎșȒȖȔ
ȗȖȓȐȚȍȝȕȐȒțȔȍ ǶȕȐ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȌȍȓȈȓ Ȑ ȌȘț-
ȋȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ ǷȖ ȔȖȍȔț ȗȓȈȕț ȖșȕȖȊȈȕȣ ȔȕȖȋȖȟȐșȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȕȍȔȍȞ-
ȒȐȍ ȠȒȖȓȣ ȋȌȍ ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȓȈșȤ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ Ȓ ȕȈȠȍȔț ȖȚȍȟȍșȚ-
Ȋț Ȑ Ȓ ȕȈȠȍȔț ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘț ȇ ȊȖșȗȐȚȈȓ Ȟȍȓȣȍ ȗȖȒȖȓȍȕȐȧ ȓȦ-
Ȍȍȑ ȔȍȟȚȈȦȡȐȝ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȚȖȌȊȐȕțȚȤ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒțȦ ȋȘȈ-
ȕȐȞț ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȕȈ ȊȖșȚȖȒ Ȑ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȤ ȠȐȘȖȒȐȑ ȗțȚȤ Ȋ șȓȈȊȧȕ-
șȒțȦ ȏȍȔȓȦ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȑ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȖȑ ȒțȓȤȚțȘȍ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȧ ȏȌȍșȤ
ȖȚ «DzțȓȤȚțȘȉțȕȌȈ» Ǵȕȍ ȗȖȘțȟȍȕȈ ȚȈȑȕȈȧ ȔȐșșȐȧ șȖȌȍȑșȚ-
ȊȖȊȈȚȤ șȉȓȐȎȍȕȐȦ șȒȈȕȌȐȕȈȊșȒȐȝ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊ ș ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȍȑ
ȇ ȧȊȐȓșȧ șȦȌȈ ș ȗȖȓȕȖȔȖȟȐȍȔ ȖȉȍȡȈȚȤ ȀȊȍȞȐȐ ȏȍȔȍȓȤȕȣȍ
ȗȘȐȖȉȘȍȚȍȕȐȧ ȏȈ șȟȍȚ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧ ȍȍ ȕȈ ȊȖșȚȖȒ ȇ șȟȐȚȈȦ ȟȚȖ
ȧ ȒȈȒ ȕȍȔȍȞ ȖȉȧȏȈȕ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȓȍȏȕȖ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȐ ȕȍ
șȟȐȚȈȧșȤ ș ȔȖȘȈȓȤȦ ȟțȊșȚȊȈȔȐ Ȑ ȏȈȒȖȕȖȔ
ǪȖȓȤȜ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȓțȠȈȓ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘȈ ǶșȚȊȈȓȤȌȈ Ȉ ȒȖ-
ȋȌȈ ȚȖȚ țȔȖȓȒ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— Ǵȕȍ ȚȖȎȍ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȖșȤ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȚȤ Ȋ ȀȊȍȞȐȐ ȇ
Ȋȍȓ ȗȍȘȍȋȖȊȖȘȣ ș ǹȊȍȕȖȔ ǫȍȌȐȕȖȔ Ȑ ǩȤȍȘȕșȖȕȖȔ ȇ ȏȕȈȦ
ȀȊȍȞȐȦ ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȠȊȍȌȣ ȍȌȊȈ ȓȐ ȗȖȑȌțȚ ȕȈ ȥȚț țȌȖȟȒț ȚȈȒ
ȒȈȒ ȖȕȐ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȍȊȈȦȚ ȟȚȖ ȍșȓȐ șȉȓȐȎȍȕȐȍ șȒȈȕȌȐȕȈȊșȒȐȝ
ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊ ș ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȍȑ șȖșȚȖȐȚșȧ ȚȖ ȐȔ țȋȘȖȎȈȍȚ ȗȖȓȕȖȍ
șȓȐȧȕȐȍ ș ȕȈȔȐ Ȑ ȗȖȚȍȘȧ ȒȈȒ ȕȈȞȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȋȖșțȌȈȘ-
șȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȕȍȏȈȊȐșȐȔȖșȚȐ.
ǬȖȓȋȖ ȉȍșȍȌȖȊȈȓȐ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ȉȣȊȠȐȑ ȘțșșȒȐȑ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ
ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȚȣȑ ȝȐȔȐȒ ǪȐȓȤȋȍȓȤȔ ǶșȚȊȈȓȤȌ Ȑ ȗȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒ ȔȖȘ-
șȒȖȋȖ ȠȚȈȉȈ ǪȖȓȤȜ
ǵȍ șȚȍșȕȧȧșȤ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋȈ ȖȕȐ ȘȈșȒȘȣȊȈȓȐ ȊșȦ ȕȐȏȖșȚȤ Ȑ
ȉȍȏȕȘȈȊșȚȊȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȖȑ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȒȐ Ȋ ǸȖșșȐȐ Ȑ Ȋ ȌȘțȋȐȝ
ȊȘȈȎȌȍȉȕȣȝ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȐ șȚȘȈȕȈȝ ǵȈȏȣȊȈȓȐ ȐȔȍȕȈ

135
ȠȗȐȖȕȖȊ Ȑ ȌȖȕȖșȟȐȒȖȊ ȖȉșțȎȌȈȓȐ ȘȈȏȕȣȍ șȐșȚȍȔȣ ȕȈȉ-
ȓȦȌȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȗȖȌȒțȗȈ Ȑ șȖ șȔȍȝȖȔ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȒȈȒ ȗȓȖ-
ȝȐȍ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȍ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȟȐȒȐ Ȋ ȘțșșȒȐȝ Ȑ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȐȝ ȔȈȋȈ-
ȏȐȕȈȝ Ȑ ȕȐȟȍȔ ȕȍ ȖȚȓȐȟȈȦȡȐȍșȧ ȚȍȝȕȐȒȐ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȦȡȐȍ Ȋ
șȚȘȖȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȒȖȕȚȖȘȈȝ ǩȍȓȤȋȐȐ Ȑ ǨȕȋȓȐȐ ȊȌȘțȋ ȗȘȍȊȘȈ-
ȡȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȖȊ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȠȚȈȉȈ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȝ ȓȍȚȟȐȒȖȊ Ȑ
ȒȖȔȈȕȌȐȘȖȊ ȥșȒȈȌȘȍȕȕȣȝ ȔȐȕȖȕȖșȞȍȊ ǪșȗȖȔȐȕȈȓȐ ȖȕȐ,
ȒȈȒ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȐȍ ȌȐȗȓȖȔȈȚȣ țșȚȘȈȐȊȈȓȐ ȜȍȘȔȣ Ȋ ǨȔȍȘȐȒȍ
Ȑ ǨȊșȚȘȈȓȐȐ Ȑ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ șȒȘȣȚȣȝ ȗȖȌȊȈȓȈȝ ȕȈȒȖȗȓȧȓȐ
ȖȕȐ Ȍȓȧ ȉțȌțȡȐȝ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȑ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȖȋȖ ȜȓȖȚȈ Ȑ ȌȍșȈȕȚȈ
șȕȈȘȧȌȣ ȉȍȕȏȐȕ Ȑ ȗȖȘȖȝ ǻȗȖȔȐȕȈȓȐ ȖȕȐ Ȑ ȐȔȍȕȈ ȘȈȏȓȐȟ-
ȕȣȝ ȐȕȎȍȕȍȘȖȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȧ ȏȈȒȈȏȣ ȕȈ ȗȖșȚȘȖȑȒț
ȊȐȓȓ Ȑ ȊȖȌȖȗȘȖȊȖȌȖȊ ȊȖ ǼȘȈȕȞȐȐ Ȑ ǨȕȋȓȐȐ ȕȍȏȈȔȍȚȕȖ șȚȘȖȐ-
ȓȐ ȋȓțȉȖȒȐȍ ȜțȕȌȈȔȍȕȚȣ Ȑ ȗȖȒȘȣȊȈȓȐ Ȑȝ ȉȍȚȖȕȖȔ ȗȖȌȋȖ-
ȚȖȊȓȧȧ ȉțȌțȡȐȍ ȉȈȚȈȘȍȐ Ȍȓȧ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȝ ȖȘțȌȐȑ ǪȖȓȤȜ ȊȣȕȐ-
ȔȈȓ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȏ șȊȖȦ ȏȈȗȐșȕțȦ ȒȕȐȎȒț Ȑ ȘȈȏȉȐȘȈȓ ȚȈȐȕ-
șȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȏȕȈȒȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȓȐȠȤ Ȗȕ țȔȍȓ ȟȐȚȈȚȤ ȗȍȘȍȟȐș-
ȓȧȓ ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȗțȕȒȚȣ ȖȉȠȐȘȕȖȑ Ȑ ȟȈșȚȖȑ șȍȚȐ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȗȖșȚȖȊ Ȑ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȐȝ ȘȈȌȐȖȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜȕȣȝ șȚȈȕȞȐȑ
— ǹ ȒȍȔ ȉȣ ȕȐ ȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȊȖȍȊȈȚȤ ǸȖșșȐȧ ȊȍȏȌȍ Ȕȣ ȉțȌȍȔ Ȋ
șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ ȕȈȕȖșȐȚȤ ȍȑ ȊȘȍȌ — ȊȖșȒȓȐȞȈȓ ȗȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒ — ǶȕȈ
— ȕȈȠ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȊȘȈȋ Ȑ Ȕȣ ȖȒȘțȎȐȓȐ ȍȍ ȞȍȗȤȦ ȕȈȠȐȝ șȚȖȘȖ-
ȎȍȊȣȝ ȗȖșȚȖȊ ǶȕȐ ȐȌțȚ ȊȌȖȓȤ Ȋșȍȑ ȗȘțșșȒȖȑ Ȑ ȈȊșȚȘȐȑ-
șȒȖȑ ȋȘȈȕȐȞ ȘȈșȒȐȕțȓȐșȤ ȗȖ ǷȘȐȉȈȓȚȐȑșȒȖȔț ȒȘȈȦ Ȑ ȗȖȉȍ-
ȘȍȎȤȦ ǩȈȓȚȐȑșȒȖȋȖ ȔȖȘȧ ǹȊȍȘȒȈȦȡȐȑ ȖȉȓȈșȒȈȕȕȣȑ șȖȓȕ-
ȞȍȔ DzȘȣȔ ȗȓȖȌȖȘȖȌȕȣȍ șȚȍȗȐ ȦȋȈ Ȑ ©ȊȍȓȐȒȈȧ ȘțșșȒȈȧ Șȍ-
ȒȈ» — ȗȖȊșȦȌț ȗȖ ȊșȍȔț ȓȐȞț ǸȖșșȐȐ ȘȈșȒȐȕțȚȣ ȖȚȘȧȌȣ ȗȘȍ-
ȌȈȕȕȣȝ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȘȖȌȐȕȍ ȓȦȌȍȑ ǶȕȐ Ȋșȍ ȊȐȌȧȚ Ȑ Ȋșȍ șȓȣȠȈȚ
Ǫ Ȑȝ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȕȍȚ ȕȐ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȕȖșȚȐ ȕȐ ȓȦȉȊȐ Ȓ șȚȘȈȕȍ Ȑȝ
ȗȘȐȦȚȐȊȠȍȑ ȊȖșȗȐȚȈȊȠȍȑ Ȑ ȊȏȓȍȓȍȧȊȠȍȑ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ Ȟȍȓȣȍ ȗȖ-
ȒȖȓȍȕȐȧ Ȑȝ ȗȘȍȌȒȖȊ ǶȕȐ ȗȘȍȌȈȕȣ ȓȐȠȤ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȐ ȓȦȉȧȚ
ȓȐȠȤ ȕȈȠț șȚȈȘțȦ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒțȦ ȘȖȌȐȕț ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ șțȎȌȍȕȖ ȊȓȈ-
ȌȍȚȤ ȊșȍȔ ȔȐȘȖȔ ǬȈȎȍ ȌȈȓȤȕȧȧ ǹȐȉȐȘȤ Ȑ ȍȡȍ ȗțșȚȣȕȕȣȍ
ȉȍȘȍȋȈ ǺȐȝȖȋȖ ȖȒȍȈȕȈ ȏȈȝȊȈȟȍȕȣ ȕȈȔȐ ǪȍȏȌȍ ȋȌȍ ȕțȎȍȕ ȋȓȈȏ
Ȑ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖ țȝȖ — ȚȈȔ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȧ ȕȈȑȌȍȚ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȊȍȘȕȖȋȖ Ȑ
ȗȘȍȌȈȕȕȖȋȖ șȣȕȈ Ȑ ȉȖȌȘșȚȊțȦȡȍȋȖ șȚȘȈȎȈ
— Ǫ ȥȚȖȔ ȊȍȓȐȟȐȍ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȐ Ȑ ȏȈȓȖȋ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȉțȌțȡȍȋȖ
ȊȓȈȌȣȟȍșȚȊȈ ȕȈȌ ȊșȍȔȐ ȕȈȘȖȌȈȔȐ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǪȐȓȤȋȍȓȤȔ ǶșȚ-

136
ȊȈȓȤȌ Ȑ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ
— ǬȖ șȊȐȌȈȕȐȧ ȗȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ — ǺȍȗȍȘȤ Ȕȣ
ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȔșȧ ș ȊȈȔȐ ȓȐȠȤ ȗȖșȓȍ ȊȖȑȕȣ ȕȈȌȍȦșȤ
ȗȖȉȍȌȖȕȖșȕȖȑ
XXVIII
ǹȗțșȚȧ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍȌȍȓȤ ȚȈȔ ȋȌȍ ȍȡȍ ȕȍȌȈȊȕȖ ȉțȠȍȊȈ-
ȓȐ ȒȘȖȊȈȊȣȍ ȊȐȝȘȐ Ȉ șȘȍȌȐ ȕȐȝ ȚȒȈȓȐ șȊȖȦ ȗȘȍȌȈȚȍȓȤșȒțȦ
ȗȈțȚȐȕț ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȍ ȈȋȍȕȚȣ Ȑ ȠȗȐȖȕȣ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȐ șȖȉȣȚȐȧ
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ șȌȍȓȈȓȐ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȔ ȕȈ ȊșȦ ǸȖșșȐȦ ȕȍ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȐȔȧ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ «ǨȘȚȐȋ Ȑ Ǫȍȑș» ȕȖ Ȑ ǪȖȚȈȕȈ
ǴȕȖȋȖȍ ȐȏȔȍȕȐȓȖșȤ ș  ȋȖȌȈ Ȋ țȕȐȊȍȘșȈȓȤȕȖȔ ȔȈȋȈ-
ȏȐȕȍ DzȘȖȔȍ șȚȈȘȖȋȖ ǪȖȚȈȕȈ Ȋ ȜȐȘȔȍ ș  ȋȖȌȈ ȗȖȧȊȐȓșȧ
ȕȖȊȣȑ ȝȖȏȧȐȕ ǴȖȓȖȌȖȑ ǨȓȤȜȘȍȌ Ǫȍȑș ȏȈȔȍȕȐȓ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȖȚ-
ȞȈ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȖȋȖ ȗȖȌȌȈȕȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȌȍȑșȚȊȖȊȈȓ șȈȔȖșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤȕȖ
ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȧ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȍ țȟȈșȚȐȍ Ȋ ȌȍȓȈȝ șȊȖȍȑ ȜȐȘȔȣ Ȑ Ȋ ȎȐȏ-
ȕȐ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ ȗȖ-ȗȘȍȎȕȍȔț ȌȖȊȍȘȟȐȊȖ ȖȚȕȖșȧȡȍȋȖșȧ Ȓ ȏȈȗȘȈȊȐ-
ȓȈȔ țȕȐȊȍȘșȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȔȈȋȈȏȐȕȈ ǨȓȤȜȘȍȌ Ǫȍȑș Ȋ ȚȖȚ ȋȖȌ ȒȖȋ-
ȌȈ ȍȔț ȗȘȍȌșȚȖȧȓȖ ȊȖȑȚȐ Ȋ ȌȍȓȈ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȖȑ ȜȐȘȔȣ ȕȈ ǬȈȓȤ-
ȕȍȔ ǪȖșȚȖȒȍ, ȗȘȐȕȧȓ ȘțșșȒȖȍ ȗȖȌȌȈȕșȚȊȖ
ǪȖ ȋȓȈȊȍ ȥȚȖȑ ȜȐȘȔȣ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȚȈȒ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȏȕȈȓȐ Ȋ ǩȍȘ-
ȓȐȕȍ Ȑ Ȋ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȐȝ ȗȖșȖȓȤșȚȊȈȝ ǷȍȚȘȖȋȘȈȌȈ ǺȖȒȐȖ Ȑ Ƿȍ-
ȒȐȕȈ șȚȖȧȓȐ ȌȊȖȍ ȓȦȌȍȑ ǪȖȚȈȕ — șȊȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȋ ȗȘțșșȒȖȔ
ȊȖȍȕȕȖȔ ȔȐȕȐșȚȍȘșȚȊȍ Ȑ ǨȓȤȜȘȍȌ Ǫȍȑș — șȣȕ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȖȋȖ
ȔȈȚȘȖșȈ Ȑ ȋȍȘȔȈȕȍȞ ȗȖ ȒȘȖȊȐ ȘȖȎȌȍȕȐȦ Ȑ ȔȣșȓȐ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȊșȗȣȝȕțȓȈ ȊȍȓȐȒȈȧ ȊȖȑȕȈ ș ȎȍșȚȖȒȐȔ ȊȘȈȋȖȔ ȒȖ-
ȋȌȈ ȊșȒȖȓȣȝȕțȓȖșȤ ȕȈȘȖȌȕȖȍ ȔȖȘȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȑȏ ȜȐȘȔȣ «ǨȘȚȐȋ
Ȑ Ǫȍȑș» țȍȝȈȓȐ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȐȍ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȣ Ȑ ȏȈȗȈșȕȣȍ șȖȓȌȈȚȣ
Ȉ ȗȘȖȟȐȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȊȣșȓȈȕȣ ȗȖȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȖȚ ȖȒȍȈȕȈ ȋȌȍ ȚȈȒ ȔȕȖȋȖ
ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȐȔ ȗȖȘȈȉȖȚȈȚȤ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȌ ǸȖșșȐȐ — ȚȘțȌȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ǪȖ-
ȚȈȕț Ȑ ǨȓȤȜȘȍȌț Ǫȍȑșț ȖșȚȈȊȈȚȤșȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȏȘȐȚȍȓȧȔȐ ȗȘȖȐș-
ȝȖȌȧȡȐȝ șȖȉȣȚȐȑ
ǶȕȐ ȎȌȈȓȐ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȕȐȑ Ȑȏ ǩȍȘȓȐȕȈ ȕȖ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȣȔ ȒȖȓȤ-
ȞȖȔ ȖȝȊȈȚȐȓȐ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȦ ȉȤȦȡȐȍșȧ ș ȕȍȦ ȕȈȘȖȌȣ Ȑ ȕȍ șȓȣ-
ȠȈȓȐ ȋȖȓȖșȖȊ șȊȖȐȝ ȗȖȊȍȓȐȚȍȓȍȑ ȝȖȏȧȍȊȈ țȕȐȊȍȘșȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ

137
ȔȈȋȈȏȐȕȈ
ǬȈȎȍ ǫȐȕȞȍ Ȑȏ ǷȍȒȐȕȈ ȕȍ șțȔȍȓ ȗȘȐșȓȈȚȤ ȐȔ ȊȍșȚȐ
ǵȖȊȖșȚȍȑ ț ȚȖȘȋȖȊȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍȔȈȓȖ ȕȖ ȖȕȐ ȕȍ ȏȕȈ-
ȓȐ ȒțȌȈ Ȑ ȒȖȔț Ȑȝ șȖȖȉȡȈȚȤ ǶȉȣȟȈȐ ȜȐȘȔȣ șȖȉȓȦȌȈȓȐșȤ
ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ ȖȗȐșȣȊȈȍȔȖȔ ȋȖȘȖȌȍ ȕȖ ȗȖȊșȦȌț ȋȌȍ
ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȓȈșȤ ȊȣȊȍșȒȈ «ǨȘȚȐȋ Ȑ Ǫȍȑș».
ǺȈȒ ȉȣȓȖ Ȑ Ȋ DzȐȚȈȍ ȕȍȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȖȚ ǾȐȕȌȈȖ ȋȌȍ ȏȈȗȍȘȓȐ
ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȐȑ ȋȈȘȕȐȏȖȕ ȗȘȍȌȗȘȐȐȔȟȐȊȣȍ ȧȗȖȕȞȣ Ȑ Ȋ ȘȈȏȕȣȝ
ȗȘȐȉȘȍȎȕȣȝ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȝ ȋȖȘȖȌȈȝ ȋȌȍ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖ ȐȓȐ ȗȖ ȗȘȐȒȈ-
ȏț ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȟȐȒȐ Ȑ ȒȖȔȔȐȊȖȧȎȍȘȣ
ȚȖȘȋȖȊȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ «ǨȘȚȐȋ Ȑ Ǫȍȑș».
ǯȌȍșȤ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȚȤ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȗȈșȕȍȍ Ȑ ȚȘțȌȕȍȍ ȇȗȖȕ-
șȒȐȍ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓȣ ȏȕȈȓȐ ȌȈȓȤȕȍȊȖșȚȖȟȕțȦ ȜȐȘȔț șȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ
ȊȖȑȕȣ  ȋȖȌȈ Ȑ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȏȖȘȒȖ șȓȍȌȐȓȐ ȏȈ ȍȍ șȓțȎȈȡȐȔȐ
ǶȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ǶȚȚȖ ǴȍȓȤȞ ȗȖȗȈȓșȧ
Ƕȕ ȌȍȓȈȓ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȏȕȈȒȐ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȖȔț ȔȐȕȖȕȖșȞț șȊȍȚȧ
ȍȔț Ȑȏ ȖȒȕȈ șȊȖȍȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ ȋȖȘȧȡȍȑ ȓȈȔȗȖȑ
ǷȖșȓȍ ȌȖȗȘȖșȈ Ȑ ȖȉȣșȒȈ ț ǴȍȓȤȞȈ ȧȗȖȕșȒȐȑ ȌȐȗȓȖȔȈȚ
ȐȔȍȓ ȌȖȓȋȖȍ șȖȊȍȡȈȕȐȍ ș ȘțșșȒȐȔȐ ȌȐȗȓȖȔȈȚȈȔȐ
ǷȖȓȍȚȍȓȐ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȔȔȣ Ȋ ȘȈȏȕȣȍ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ Ȑ ȉȣȓȐ ȖȕȐ
ȋȐȉȍȓȤȕȣ Ȍȓȧ ǪȖȚȈȕȈ
ǨȘȍșȚ ȍȋȖ ȉȣȓ ȘȍȠȍȕ ȉȍșȗȖȊȖȘȖȚȕȖ Ȑ țȗȘȈȊȓȧȦȡȍȔț ȚȖȘ-
ȋȖȊȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ «ǨȘȚȐȋ Ȑ Ǫȍȑș» ȖȉȓȈȌȈȚȍȓȦ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȋȖ șȖșȚȖȧ-
ȕȐȧ ȗȍȘȍȗȐșȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȕȈ ȐȔȧ ǨȓȤȜȘȍȌȈ ǪȍȑșȈ ǪȖȚȈȕț ȗȘȐ-
ȠȓȖșȤ șȖȊȍȘȠȐȚȤ ȚȧȎȍȓȖȍ Ȑ ȌȓȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȍ Ȋ ȋȐȉ-
ȓȣȍ șȐȉȐȘșȒȐȍ ȚȘțȡȖȉȣ
ǵȖ Ȋ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȔ ȋȖȘȖȌȍ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț ǺȐȝȖȋȖ ȖȒȍȈȕȈ Ȑ Ȋ ȋȖȘȖ-
ȌȈȝ Ȑ șȍȓȈȝ ǻșșțȘȐȑșȒȖȋȖ ȒȘȈȧ ȗȖ-ȗȘȍȎȕȍȔț ȖșȚȈȊȈȓșȧ Ȗȋ-
ȘȖȔȕȣȑ ȗȈțȒ ȠȐȘȖȒȖ ȘȈșȒȐȕțȊȠȐȑ șȍȚȐ ȖȚ ǩȍȘȓȐȕȈ Ȑ ǫȈȔ-
ȉțȘȋȈ ȌȖ ȇȗȖȕșȒȖȋȖ ȔȖȘȧ Ȑ țșȚȤȧ ǨȔțȘȈ
ǷȈțȒ ȗȘȐȚȈȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȎȌȈȓ ȕȖȊȣȝ șȖȉȣȚȐȑ Ȑ ȕȖȊȣȝ ȎȍȘȚȊ
XXIX
Ǫ ȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ, ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋșȍ ȚȈȑȕȣȍ Ȑ ȧȊȕȣȍ șȓțȎȐȚȍȓȐ ȋȍȘ-
ȔȈȕșȒȖȋȖ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ ȚȈȒ șȚȘȈșȚȕȖ ȕȍȕȈȊȐȌȧȡȐȍ ǸȖșșȐȦ

138
ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȊȠțȦ Ȑȝ ȊȍȓȐȟȈȊȖȑ ȓȈșȒȖȊȖșȚȤȦ Ȑ ȗȘȐȦȚȐȊȠțȦ ș
ȠȐȘȖȒȐȔ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌȕȣȔ ȘȈȌțȠȐȍȔ ȖȉȌțȔȣȊȈȓȐ ȕȖȊȣȍ țȌȈ-
Șȣ Ȍȓȧ ǸȖșșȐȐ Ȑ ȍȍ șȖȦȏȕȐȒȖȊ — ȏȈ ǩȏțȘȖȑ ǪȐșȓȖȑ Ȑ ǵȍ-
ȔȈȕȖȔ ȚȈȔ, ȋȌȍ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȓȈșȤ ȉȍșȗȘȍȌȍȓȤȕȈȧ ȘȈȊȕȐȕȈ ǸȖșșȐȐ
șȖȊȍȘȠȈȓȐșȤ ȊȍȓȐȒȐȍ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȏȈȉȣȊȈȍȔȣȍ șȖȉȣȚȐȧ
ǷȖȌȝȊȈȟȍȕȕȣȑ ȖȌȕȐȔ ȔȖȋțȟȐȔ ȗȖȘȣȊȖȔ ȕȈȘȖȌ șȓȐȓșȧ
Ȋ ȗȣȓȒȖȔ ȔȖȓȐȚȊȍȕȕȖȔ ȗȖȌȢȍȔȍ Ȑ Ȋ ȓȦȉȊȐ Ȓ ȖȚȍȟȍșȚȊț ǰș-
ȟȍȏȓȐ Ȋșȍ șȗȖȘȣ ȗȓȍȔȍȕ Ȑ șȚȈȘȣȍ șȟȍȚȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȏȈȉȣȚȣ
ǵȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȘȈȋȖȊ ǩȣȓȐ ȓȐȠȤ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȐ ȐȌțȡȐȍ ȗȓȍȟȖȔ
Ȓ ȗȓȍȟț Ȋ ȎȍșȚȖȒțȦ șȍȟț ș ȊȍȒȖȊȣȔ ȊȘȈȋȖȔ ǵȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȒȖȓȍ-
ȉȈȕȐȑ Ȑ șȖȔȕȍȕȐȑ ǪșȧȒȐȑ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȓ ȊȍȓȐȟȐȍ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȊȈȍ-
ȔȖȋȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ Ȑ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ țȟȈșȚȊțȍȚ Ȋ șȖȉȣȚȐȧȝ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ
șțȎȌȍȕȖ ȖșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȋȓțȉȖȒȐȑ ȕȍȐȏȋȓȈȌȐȔȣȑ șȓȍȌ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ
Ȋ Ȑȝ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȑ ȓȐȟȕȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȕȖ Ȋ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȘȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȕȈȘȖȌȈ
Ȑ ȊșȍȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȚȊȈ
ǵȍ ȉȣȓȖ șȓȍȏ ȗȘȖȡȈȕȐȧ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȐȧ ȗȘȐ ȘȈȏ-
ȓțȒȍ
dzȦȌȐ țȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȕȈ ȊȖȑȕț ș șȖȏȕȈȕȐȍȔ ȊȣșȖȒȖȋȖ șȊȧȚȖȋȖ
ȌȖȓȋȈ Ȉ ȖșȚȈȦȡȐȍșȧ ș ȊȍȘȖȑ Ȑ ȔȖȓȐȚȊȖȑ ȗȘȖȊȖȎȈȓȐ țȝȖȌȧ-
ȡȍȋȖ ȉȖȑȞȈ ȕȍ ȌțȔȈȧ Ȗ ȋȐȉȍȓȐ ȍȋȖ Ȑ Ȗ ȋȖȘȍșȚȧȝ Ȑ ȓȐȠȍȕȐȧȝ
șȍȔȤȐ
ǿȚȖ-ȚȖ ȔȖȋțȟȍȍ ȒȈȒ șȚȐȝȐȧ ȗȘȖȕȍșȓȖșȤ ȕȈȌ ǸȖșșȐȍȑ Ȑ
ȗȖȌȝȊȈȚȐȓȖ Ȋșȍȝ Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ ȔȖȡȕȖȔ ȗȖȓȍȚȍ Ǫ ȞȍȘȒȊȈȝ ȚȖȘȎȍ-
șȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȏȊțȟȈȓȐ șȓȖȊȈ ȔȖȓȐȚȊ Ȑ ȓȦȌȐ țȝȖȌȐȓȐ ș ȗȘȖșȊȍȚ-
ȓȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȓȐȞȈȔȐ ȔȖȓȧșȤ ȕȍ ȏȈ ȖȚȞȖȊ ȔțȎȍȑ Ȑ șȣȕȖȊȍȑ
ȕȖ ȏȈ ȖȚȍȟȍșȚȊȖ Ȑ ȏȈ țșȗȍȝ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȋȖ ȌȍȓȈ
Ǫ ȕȈȘȖȌȍ ȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȚȘȖȋȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȊȖȖȌțȠȍȊȓȧȦȡȐȍ Ȑ ȖȉȖ-
ȌȘȧȦȡȐȍ ȓȍȋȍȕȌȣ
ǷȍȘȍȌȈȊȈȓȐșȤ șȓțȝȐ Ȗ ȒȘȖȊȈȊȣȝ șȚȖȓȒȕȖȊȍȕȐȧȝ ș ȋȍȘȔȈȕ-
ȞȈȔȐ Ȗ ȉȍȋșȚȊȍ ȈȊșȚȘȐȑȞȍȊ ȗȘȐ ȗȍȘȊȣȝ șȚȣȟȒȈȝ Ȗ șȓȈȊȕȣȝ
ȌȍȓȈȝ ȘȖȌȕȣȝ ȉȖȑȞȖȊ ǷȖȚȖȔ ȕȈșȚȈȓȐ șȚȘȈȌȕȣȍ ȌȕȐ ȕȈșȚțȗ-
ȓȍȕȐȧ ȗȖ ȏȣȉțȕȈȔ ǴȈȏțȘșȒȐȝ ȖȏȍȘ ȋȌȍ ȗȈȌȈȓȐ ȖȌȐȕ ȏȈ ȌȘț-
ȋȐȔ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȍ țȒȘȍȗȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȖȒȖȗȣ Ȑ ȗȘȖȊȖȓȖȟȕȣȍ ȏȈȋȘȈȎ-
ȌȍȕȐȧ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȓȍȚ ȗȖȌȋȖȚȖȊȓȧȍȔȣȍ Ȑ țȒȘȍȗȓȧȍȔȣȍ Ȋ ȖȎȐ-
ȌȈȕȐȐ ȘȖȒȖȊȖȑ ȊșȚȘȍȟȐ
ǰȏ-ȏȈ ȉȖȓȖȚ Ȑ ȚȖȗȍȑ ǴȈȏțȘșȒȐȝ ȖȏȍȘ ș ǫȘȦȕȊȈȓȤȌșȒȖȑ
ȘȈȊȕȐȕȣ ȊșȚȈȊȈȓ ȊȍȓȐȒȐȑ ȗȘȐȏȘȈȒ șȓȈȊȧȕșȒȖȋȖ ȊȐȚȧȏȧ
ǭȋȖ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ șȖȓȌȈȚȣ ȗȘȐ ȏȈȒȈȚȍ șȖȓȕȞȈ Ȑ Ȋ Țȍ ȌȕȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ

139
ș ȔȖȘȧ ȊȍȚȍȘ ȗȘȐȕȖșȐȓ șȚȈȐ ȉȍȓȖȋȘțȌȣȝ ȖȉȓȈȒȖȊ ȔȟȈȡȐȝ-
șȧ ȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ Ȓ Ȧȋț ȋȌȍ ȖȕȐ ȉȈȋȘȖȊȍȓȐ Ȑ ȚȈȧȓȐ Ȋ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȦ-
ȡȍȔșȧ ș ȏȍȔȓȐ ȒȘȖȊȈȊȖȔ ȚțȔȈȕȍ
ǪȐȚȧȏȤ ȉȣȓ ȕȍȖȉȢȧȚȕȖ ȊȍȓȐȒ Ȑ ȔȖȋțȟ DzȖȕȤ ȍȋȖ ȕȍțȌȍȘ-
ȎȐȔȖ ȔȟȈȓșȧ ȗȖ ȊȍȘȝțȠȒȈȔ șȕȍȎȕȣȝ ȋȖȘ ǹȓȣȠȈȓșȧ ȋȘȖȝȖȚ
ȍȋȖ ȒȖȗȣȚ Ȑ ȉȘȧȞȈȕȐȍ ȉȘȖȕȐ
ǷȖȘȖȑ ȊȣșȖȒȖ ȕȈ ȕȍȉȍ ȋȖȘȈȏȌȖ ȊȣȠȍ ȌȣȔȒȖȊ ȊȏȘȣ-
ȊȈȦȡȍȑșȧ ȠȘȈȗȕȍȓȐ ȊȐȚȧȏȤ ȊșȚțȗȈȓ Ȋ ȉȖȑ Ƕȕ șȠȐȉȈȓșȧ ș
ȊșȈȌȕȐȒȖȔ șȐȌȍȊȠȐȔ ȕȈ ȟȍȘȕȖȔ ȒȖȕȍ ǩȍȓȣȑ ȗȓȈȡ Ȑ ȌȓȐȕ-
ȕȣȑ ȌȊțȘțȟȕȣȑ Ȕȍȟ șȊȍȘȒȈȓȐ Ȋ ȓțȟȈȝ ȏȈȝȖȌȧȡȍȋȖ șȖȓȕȞȈ
ǬȖȓȋȖ ȌȓȐȓșȧ ȉȖȑ ǷȖȘȖȑ ȖȉȈ ȉȖȑȞȈ ȐșȟȍȏȈȓȐ Ȋ ȕȈȉȍ-
ȋȈȦȡȐȝ ȚțȟȈȝ ȕȖ ȟȈșȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȒȈȒ ȗȖȊȍȘȎȍȕȕȣȑ ș ȒȖ-
ȕȧ ȘȣȞȈȘȤ Ȋ ȉȍȓȖȔ ȗȓȈȡȍ ȓȍȎȈȓ ȘȈșȒȐȕțȊȠȐ ȏȈȒȖȊȈȕȕȣȍ
Ȋ șȚȈȓȤ ȘțȒȐ Ȉ ȒȖȕȤ ȊȐȚȧȏȧ ȚȖȗȚȈȓ ȍȋȖ
ǺȖȋȌȈ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȣ Ȋ ȖȒȖȗȈȝ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȐ șȊȖȐȔ șȖȓȌȈȚȈȔ
șȚȈȘțȦ ȉȣȓȤ șȓțȟȐȊȠțȦșȧ ȗȖȓȚȣșȧȟȐ ȓȍȚ ȕȈȏȈȌ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȖ-
ȒȓȧȊȠȐșȤ ȕȈ ȔȍȟȈȝ șȓȈȊȧȕșȒȐȍ ȉȘȈȚȤȧ Ȑ dzȐȚȊȈ ȕȈ ȗȖȓȍ
ǫȘȦȕȊȈȓȤȌȈ ȌȈȓȐ ȊȍȓȐȒȐȑ ȉȖȑ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȐȔ ȕȈșȐȓȤȕȐȒȈȔ
ǸȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȐ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȣ ȒȈȒ șȔȖȓȍȕșȒȐȍ ȌȘțȎȐȕȣ ȠȓȐ
Ȋ ȗȖȔȖȡȤ ȗȖȓȤșȒȐȔ ȘȈȚȧȔ ȒȈȒ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ȘȈȏȉȐȓȐ ȖȕȐ șȘȈ-
ȎȈȧșȤ ȉȖȒ Ȗ ȉȖȒ ȗȖȓȒȐ ȔȖȋțȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȋȘȖșșȔȍȑșȚȍȘȈ ǻȓȤ-
ȘȐȝȈ ȜȖȕ ȆȕȋȐȕȋȍȕȈ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȗȈȌȈȓȐ ȗȖȌ țȌȈȘȈȔȐ ȗȈȓȐȞ Ȑ
ȠȐȘȖȒȐȝ ȚȖȗȖȘȖȊ ȓȐȚȖȊȞȍȊ ȖȌȍȚȣȝ Ȋ ȏȊȍȘȐȕȣȍ ȠȒțȘȣ ȓțȟ-
ȠȐȍ Ȑȏ ȚȍȊȚȖȕșȒȐȝ ȊȖȐȕȖȊ ȗȘȖșȓȈȊȐȊȠȐȝșȧ ȕȈ ȘȣȞȈȘșȒȐȝ
ȚțȘȕȐȘȈȝ Ȋ ȟțȎȍȏȍȔȕȣȝ șȚȘȈȕȈȝ
ǸȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȐ ȍȡȍ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȣ Ȑ Ȗ Țȍȝ ȊȐȚȧȏȧȝ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȘȖ-
șȓȈȊȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȉȖȦ ȋȌȍ ȔȖȋȓȈ ȕȈȊșȍȋȌȈ ȗȖȋȐȉȕțȚȤ ȋȍȘȔȈȕ-
șȒȈȧ ȔȖȡȤ
ǵȖȟȤȦ ȖȎȐȌȈȧ ȈȚȈȒȐ ȗȘțșșȒȐȝ ȋȊȈȘȌȍȑȞȍȊ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ
ȉȖȍȊȖȑ ȘȖȚȕȣȑ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȐȘ ȗȖȉȣȊȈȊȠȐȑ țȎȍ ȕȈ ȗȖȓȧȝ ǴȈȕȟ-
ȎțȘȐȐ ȚȐȝȐȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ șȖȉȘȈȊȠȐȔșȧ ȊȖȒȘțȋ
șȖȓȌȈȚȈȔ Ȑ Ȗ Ȓȕȧȏȍ șȔȖȓȍȕșȒȖȔ ǵȐȒȐȚȍ Ȑ Ȗ ȊȐȚȧȏȍ ǷȘȖȝȖ-
Șȍ ǪȖȓȒȍ Ȑ Ȗ ȒȖȘȖȓȍ ȇȋȍȓȓȍ ǫȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ ȗȖȚȖȔ șȖȓȌȈȚȣ Ȑ Ȗ
ȋȖȘȌȖȔ Ȓȕȧȏȍ ȓȐȚȖȊșȒȖȔ ǪȐȚȖȊȚȍ șȓȈȊȕȣȝ ȘȣȞȈȘȧȝ ǷȖȊȈȓȍ
Ȑ ǯȈȊȐȠȍ ǿȍȘȕȖȔ Ȑ Ȗ Ȋșȍȝ Țȍȝ ȟȤȧ ȒȘȖȊȈȊȈȧ ȘȈȉȖȚȈ Ȋ ȊȍȓȐȒȐȑ
ǫȘȦȕȊȈȓȤȌșȒȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȗȘȍȌȊȍȡȈȓȈ ȏȈȘȦ ȕȖȊȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ
ǹȓțȠȈȓȐ șȖȓȌȈȚȣ ȥȚȐ șȚȈȘȣȍ ȉȣȓȐ Ȑ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ Ȋȗȍ-
ȘȍȌȐ ȏȈ ǴȈȏțȘșȒȐȔȐ ȖȏȍȘȈȔȐ ȓȍȎȐȚ ȥȚȖ șȓȈȊȕȖȍ ȗȖȓȍ ȋȌȍ

Ȑ ȐȔ șțȎȌȍȕȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ȊșȚțȗȐȚȤ Ȋ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȉȖȑ ș ȓȐȝȐȔ ȊȘȈ-
ȋȖȔ ǷȖȕȐȔȈȓȐ ȊȖȐȕȣ ȟȚȖ ȖȚ șȚȖȧȡȍȋȖ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȐȔȐ ȊȘȈȋȈ
șȚȘȈȌȈȓȐ ȖȕȐ Ȑȝ ȖȚȞȣ Ȑ ȌȍȌȣ ȗȖȊșȦȌț Ȋ ǸȖșșȐȐ ȖȚ ȋȘȈȕȐȞ
ǷȖȓȤȠȐ — ȌȖ ǿȍȘȕȖȋȖ ȔȖȘȧ Ȑ ǪȍȓȐȒȖȋȖ ȖȒȍȈȕȈ ǯȕȈȓȐ ȖȕȐ
ȥȚȖ Ȑ ȊȍȘȐȓȐ Ȋ ȗȖȉȍȌț ȗȘȈȊȖȋȖ ȌȍȓȈ
ǪȍȘȈ ȥȚȈ ȒȘȍȗȓȈ Ȑ ȕȐȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȖ ȗȖȒȖȓȍȉȈȚȤ ȍȍ
ǩȣȓȈ ȚȖ ȊȍȘȈ ȊȖȐȕȖȊ ȊȣȠȍȌȠȐȝ Ȋ ȗȖȓȍ Ȍȓȧ ȗȖȉȍȌȣ ȕȍ
Ȍȓȧ ȒȖȘȣșȚȐ Ȑ ȠțȔȕȖȑ șȓȈȊȣ ȕȖ ȊȖ ȐȔȧ șȟȈșȚȤȧ ȘȖȌȐȕȣ Ȑ
ȌȖȓȋȖȋȖ ȔȐȘȈ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȏȈȓȐȊȈȍȔȖȑ șȓȍȏȈȔȐ Ȑ ȒȘȖȊȤȦ
ǷȍȚȘȖȋȘȈȌ
ǼȍȊȘȈȓȤ,  ȋȖȌ

ǾǮǿǿǸǮǵȉ

ȀdzǻȊ ǵǮ ǼǸǼǽǼǺ
Ƕșș ǰ. ǿȐȎȞȜȑȎ

144
ȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȍȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȌȈ ȏȈȚȖ Ȑ ș ȕȐȔ ȕȈȌȖ țȝȖ ȌȍȘȎȈȚȤ ȊȖșȚȘȖ
ǷȘȈȗȖȘȡȐȒ ȖȚȖȠȍȓ ȖȚ ȡȍȓȐ Ȑ ȍȋȖ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ șȔȍȕȐȓ șȖȓ-
ȌȈȚȐȒ ǷȖȓȖȎȐȊ ȘțȎȤȍ ȕȈ ȖȒȖȗ Ȗȕ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȘȐȞȍȓȐȊȈȧșȤ
ȗȖșȓȈȓ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȐȒț ȗȧȚȤ ȗțȓȤ Ȑ ȗȘȐșȍȊ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ ȕȈȟȈȓ
ȏȈȘȧȎȈȚȤ ȊȐȕȚȖȊȒț
— DzȘȈșȈȊȍȞ — ȖȒȓȐȒȕțȓ ȍȋȖ ǬȍȘȕȖȊ — ǹȉȍȋȈȑ-ȒȈ ȗȖȐȡȐ
Ȕȕȍ ȜȍȓȤȌȜȍȉȍȓȧ
— ǹȓțȠȈȦșȤ ȊȈȠȍ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌȐȍ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ șȖȓȌȈȚȐȒ Ȑ
șȖȋȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȗȖȉȍȎȈȓ ȊȌȖȓȤ ȖȒȖȗȈ Ǫ ȗȍȘȍȘȣȊȈȝ ȔȍȎȌț Ȋȣ-
șȚȘȍȓȈȔȐ șȓȣȠȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȒȈȒ ȗȖȌ ȍȋȖ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ ȟȈȊȒȈȓȈ ȋȘȧȏȤ
Ȑ ȗȓȍșȒȈȓȈșȤ ȊȖȌȈ
ǹȒȖȘȖ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ ȜȍȓȤȌȜȍȉȍȓȤ șȚȈȘȣȑ șȊȍȘȝșȘȖȟȕȣȑ șȓț-
ȎȈȒȈ Ƕȕ Ƞȍȓ ȗȘȐȝȘȈȔȣȊȈȧ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȕȈȒȈȕțȕȍ ȗȘțșșȒȈȧ ȗț-
ȓȧ ȗȘȖȉȐȓȈ ȍȔț ȕȖȋț ǸȈȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȓȍȋȒȈȧ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȊȧȏȈȊ ȍȍ Ȝȍ-
ȓȤȌȜȍȉȍȓȤ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ Ȋ șȚȘȖȦ
— ǵț ȒȈȒ, ǨȘȝȐȗȖȊ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȍȋȖ ǬȍȘȕȖȊ ȗȘȖȚȧȋȐȊȈȧ
ȘȍȏȐȕȖȊȣȑ ȒȐșȍȚ ș ȚȈȉȈȒȖȔ Ȑ ȒȘȍȔȕȍȊțȦ «ȏȈȎȐȋȈȓȒț».
— ǷȖȒȖȘȕȍȑȠȍ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȦ ȊȈȠȍ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌȐȍ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ ȏȈ-
ȎȐȊȍȚ șȒȖȘȖ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȜȍȓȤȌȜȍȉȍȓȤ
ǷȘȈȗȖȘȡȐȒ țȒȈȏȈȓ ȍȔț ȕȈ ȊȣȊȖȘȖȟȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȘȐ țȋȓțȉȓȍ-
ȕȐȐ ȚȘȈȕȠȍȐ ȗȍȕȤ Ȑ ȜȍȓȤȌȜȍȉȍȓȤ țșȍȊȠȐșȤ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȕȈȉȐ-
ȊȈȚȤ ȚȘțȉȒț Ȑ ș țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȍȔ ȏȈȚȧȕțȓșȧ ȌȣȔȖȔ ǶȉȈ ȔȖȓȟȈ-
ȓȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȐȏȘȍȌȒȈ ǨȘȝȐȗȖȊ ȋțșȚȣȔ ȉȈșȖȔ ȎțȘȐȓ șȖȓȌȈȚ
— ǿȍȋȖ Țȣ ȌțȘȈȠȒȈ ȚȖȘȖȗȐȠȤșȧ ȘȖȊȕȖ ȕȈ ȗȖȎȈȘ" ǯȕȈȑ,
ȉȍȘȐ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȐȑ ȗȘȐȞȍȓ Ȑ șȚȘȍȓȧȑ ȚȖȓȒȖȔ ȅȑ Țȣ ǽȘȈȔ-
ȒȖȊ ȟȚȖ ȓȐ, ȚȈȔ" Țȣ ȟȍȋȖ ȏȘȧ ȋȖȓȖȊț șțȍȠȤ ȏȈ ȖȒȖȗ" ǫȓȧȌȐ ț
Ȕȍȕȧ
— ǴȖȓȖȌȞȖȔ șȖȓȌȈȚȐȒȐ-ȚȖ ț ȕȈș — ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȟȚȖȉȣ șȒȈ-
ȏȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ, ȜȍȓȤȌȜȍȉȍȓȦ ǬȍȘȕȖȊ
— ǿȍȋȖ țȎ ȓțȟȠȍ ȊȈȠȍ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌȐȍ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ǨȘȝȐȗȖȊ,
Ȑ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȍȋȖ ȏȈȉȓȍșȚȍȓȐ — ǪȍȌȤ ȗȖȟȐȚȈȑ ȗȧȚȤ ȌȨȕ ȕȍ șȗȧȚ
șțȝȈȘȧȔȐ ȗȐȚȈȦȚșȧ ȟȈȦ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȧȚ șȕȐȏț — ȊȖȌȈ șȊȍȘȝț —
ȊȖȌȈ ǫȍȘȖȐ ȖȕȐ ȊȈȠȍ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌȐȍ ǶȚȒțȌȈ ȥȚȖ Ȋ ȕȈȘȖȌȍ ȉȍ-
ȘȍȚșȧ"
— DzȈȒ ȖȚȒțȌȈ" — țȌȐȊȐȓșȧ ǬȍȘȕȖȊ — Ǻȣ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȏȕȈȚȤ
ǨȘȝȐȗȖȊ ȊȍȌȤ Țȣ șȈȔ — ȋȍȘȖȑ ǸȈȕȍȕ Țȣ Ȉ ȊȖȚ ȝȖȌȐȠȤ Ȑ
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— ȇ-ȚȖ ȟȍȋȖ ȋȍȘȖȑ" — Ȋ șȊȖȦ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȤ țȌȐȊȐȓșȧ ȜȍȓȤȌ-
ȜȍȉȍȓȤ — ȇ șȊȖȍ ȘȍȔȍșȓȖ ȐșȗȘȈȊȓȧȦ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȚțȚ Ǩ ȖȕȐ-ȚȖ
ȒȚȖ Ȑȏ ȋȖȘȖȌȖȊ ȒȚȖ ȖȚ șȖȝȐ ȖȚȖȘȊȈȕȣ ȒȚȖ șȚȈȘȣȑ ȒȚȖ șȖȊ-
șȍȔ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȍȡȍ Ȉ ȘȖȊȕȖ ȊșȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ Ȋ ȉȖȑ ȝȖȌȐȓȐ
ǨȘȝȐȗȖȊ ș ȊȖșȝȐȡȍȕȐȍȔ ȗȖȊȍȓ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ ȊȌȖȓȤ ȐȏȊȐȓȐ-
șȚȖȑ ȓȐȕȐȐ ȖȒȖȗȈ Ȑ ȓȦȉȖȊȕȖ ȏȈȐșȒȘȐȓȐșȤ ȍȋȖ ȋȓȈȏȈ ǶȌȕȈ-
ȒȖ ȗȖ ȗȘȐȊȣȟȒȍ ȕȈȟȈȓȤșȚȊȈ Ȗȕ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ
— Ǻȣ ȖȗȧȚȤ ǼȍȌȖȚȖȊ șȚțȒȕȐ ȡȍȓȒȕȐ ȗȖ ȌțȘȤȍȑ ȉȈȠȒȍ
ǽȘȈȔȒȖȊȈ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȏȈ ȖȒȖȗ ȕȍ ȓȍȏ ǪȖȚ ȚȈȒ ǴȖȓȖȌȟȐȕȈ
ǼȍȓȤȌȜȍȉȍȓȤ Ȑ ǬȍȘȕȖȊ ȘȈșȝȖȝȖȚȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈȌ țșȍȘȌȐȍȔ ȕȍțȒ-
ȓȦȎȍȋȖ ǼȍȌȖȚȖȊȈ ȡȍȓȒȕțȊȠȍȋȖ ȒȘȈșȕȖȑ ȠȐȘȖȟȍȕȕȖȑ ȓȈ-
ȗȖȑ ȗȖ ȚȍȔȍȕȐ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚȕȖȋȖ ǽȘȈȔȒȖȊȈ
ǵȈȟȐȕȈȓȖ șȔȍȘȒȈȚȤșȧ ǪȌȈȓȐ țȎȍ șȌȍȓȈȓȐșȤ ȏȈȔȍȚȕȣȔȐ
ȊșȗȣȝȐȊȈȦȡȐȍ ȖȋȖȕȤȒȐ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȖȊ ǹ șȍȊȍȘȈ ȗȖȓȏȓȈ ȚȍȔȕȈȧ,
ȔȧȋȒȈȧ ȚțȟȈ
— Dz șȕȍȋț ȥȚȖ ȊȈȠȍ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌȐȍ— șȒȈȏȈȓ ǨȘȝȐȗȖȊ Ȑ ș
ȚȘțȌȖȔ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ — ǷȖȒȖȘȕȖ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȐȔ ȏȈ ȚȈȉȈȟȖȒ
— Ǻȣ ȒțȌȈ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ǬȍȘȕȖȊ
— ǶȉȖȑȚȐ ȖȒȖȗ ȕȈȌȖ Ȑ ș ȚȖȋȖ ȜȓȈȕȋț ȗȖȒȈȘȈțȓȐȚȤ DzȈȉȣ
ȕȍȔȞȣ ȒȈȒ șȕȍȋ ȗȖȑȌȍȚ ȟȍȋȖ ȌȖȉȘȖȋȖ Ȑ Ȋ ȈȚȈȒț ȕȍ ȗȖȠȓȐ
— șȒȈȏȈȓ ȜȍȓȤȌȜȍȉȍȓȤ Ȑ ȏȈȒȖȊȣȓȧȓ ȊȖȘȟȈ ȗȖ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ ȕȈ șȖȓ-
ȌȈȚ
— ǵȍ Ȋ ȉȈȉȒȐ ȐȋȘȈȍȠȤ ȕȍ ș ȌȍȊȒȈȔȐ ȠțȚȒȐ ȠțȚȐȠȤ Ȉ
ȗȖȚȖȔț ȋȓȧȌȐ Ȋ ȖȉȈ
ǨȘȝȐȗȖȊ țȋȈȌȈȓ ǺțȟȈ ȕȈȗȖȓȏȓȈ Ȑ ȊȌȘțȋ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȘȈșȗȖ-
ȘȖȊȠȈȧșȧ ȗȍȘȐȕȈ ȘȈșșȣȗȈȓȈșȤ șȕȍȋȖȔ ǵȍ ȗȘȖȠȓȖ Ȑ ȟȈșȈ
Ȉ ȕȈ ȖȒȖȗȣ ȕȈ ȗȖȓ-ȈȘȠȐȕȈ ȕȈȕȍșȓȖ șȕȍȋț Ȑ Ȋșȧ ȘȈȊȕȐȕȈ
ȔȍȎȌț ȘțșșȒȐȔȐ Ȑ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȔȐ ȚȘȈȕȠȍȧȔȐ ȗȖȒȘȣȓȈșȤ ȉȍ-
ȓȖȑ ȗțȠȐșȚȖȑ ȗȍȓȍȕȖȑ
Ǩ șȕȍȋ Ȋșȍ ȗȈȌȈȓ Ȑ ȗȈȌȈȓ
ǨȘȝȐȗȖȊ ȒȖȊȣȓȧȓ ȖȚ șȖȓȌȈȚȈ Ȓ șȖȓȌȈȚț Ȑ ȊșȍȔ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ
— ǹȕȍȋ șȋȘȍȉȐ ș ȋȘȍȉȕȧ ȖȒȖȗȈ șȕȍȋ șȋȘȍȉȐ Ǩ ȚȖ ȗȖȕȈ-
ȌȍȍȠȤșȧ ȟȚȖ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȈȚȤ Ȉ ȗțȓȧ șȒȊȖȏȤ șȕȍȋ ȗȘȖȓȍ-
ȚȐȚ ȏȈ ȔȐȓțȦ ȌțȠț ȌȈ Ȑ șȚȘȍȓȧȚȤ Țȍȉȍ Ȏȍ ȓȍȋȟȍ ǹȕȍȋ șȋȘȍ-
ȉȐǷȖȌȝȖȌȧ Ȓ ȜȓȈȕȋȈȔ ȋȌȍ șȊȈȓȍȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȒȈȔȕȐ ȜȍȓȤȌ-
ȜȍȉȍȓȤ șȈȌȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȕȐȝ Ȑ șȒȊȖȏȤ ȡȍȓȐ ȔȍȎȌț ȒȈȔȕȍȑ ȊȕȐ-
ȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȖșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȓ Ȋșȍ ȗȖȓȍ ȋȌȍ ȓȍȋȓȖ țȎȍ ȚȈȒ ȔȕȖȋȖ

146
ȓȦȌȍȑ Ȑ ȊȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȓșȧ Ȋ șȋțȡȈȦȡȐȑșȧ ȔȘȈȒ Ƕȕ țșȗȖȒȈȐȊȈȓ-
șȧ țȉȍȎȌȈȧșȤ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȔ ȒȓțȉȐȚșȧ ȓȐȠȤ șȕȍȋ Ȑ ȔȈȧȟȈȚ Ȋ ȕȍȔ
ȚȍȔȕȣȍ ȟȍȘȕȍȍ ȕȖȟȐ ȗȘȖȊȈȓȣ Ȑ ȘȈșșȍȓȐȕȣ ǵȖ ȖȕȐ ȚȖȚȟȈș
Ȏȍ ȐșȟȍȏȈȓȐ Ȑ ȏȈȒȘȣȊȈȓȐșȤ ȏȣȉȒȖȑ ȏȈȊȍșȖȑ ȗȈȌȈȦȡȍȋȖ șȕȍ-
ȋȈ ǼȍȓȤȌȜȍȉȍȓȤ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ șȒȖȘȖ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȓ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȐȚȤ-
șȧ Ȑ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȊșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȚȍȔȕȖȚț Ȑ ȔȟȈȡȐȍșȧ Ȋ ȕȍȑ șȕȍȎ-
ȕȣȍ ȗȘȐȏȘȈȒȐ
Ƕȕ Ƞȍȓ ȗȖ ȚȘȈȕȠȍȍ Ȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ
— ǵȍ ȏȍȊȈȑ ǵȍ ȏȍȊȈȑ ǪȘȍȔȧ ȖȗȈșȕȖȍ ȒȈȉȣ ȈȚȈȒȐ ȕȍ
ȉȣȓȖ ǫȓȧȌȐ, ȕȍ ȖȗȓȖȠȈȑ
Ƕȕ ȗȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȗȘȈȗȖȘȡȐȒț Ȑ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓ ȍȔț Ȗ șȊȖȍȑ ȚȘȍȊȖ-
ȋȍ
— ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ Ȑ ȗȖȗȣȚȈȦȚșȧ — șȖȋȓȈșȐȓșȧ ǬȍȘȕȖȊ —
ǵț ȟȚȖ Ȏȍ, ȗȘȐȔȍȔ ȗȖȋȘȍȍȔșȧ
ǷȘȐȊȣȟȒȈ șȓȍȌȐȚȤ ȏȈ șȖȉȖȑ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ ȗȖȌșȒȈȏȈȓȈ ǬȍȘ-
ȕȖȊț ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȥȚȐȝ șȓȖȊȈȝ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȐ ȕȈȗțșȒȕȖȋȖ ȔȖȓȖȌȍȟȍșȚ-
ȊȈ ȕȐ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȊȍșȍȓȤȧ Ȑ ȖȗȧȚȤ țȌȐȊȐȓșȧ ȗȘȈȗȖȘ-
ȡȐȒ
— DzȈȒ ȗȍȘȍȘȖȎȌȈȍȚ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȊȖȑȕȈ — ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ Ȗȕ Ȑ ȊșȗȖȔ-
ȕȐȓ țȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚ ȘȈȏȕȣȍ șȓțȎȍȉȕȣȍ ȖȋȖȘȟȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȎȐȏȕȍȕ-
ȕȣȍ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȕȍțȌȈȟȐ ȒȈȏȈȊȠȐȍșȧ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ȚȧȎȍȓȣ-
ȔȐ Ȑ ȊȈȎȕȣȔȐ Ȉ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȕȐȟȚȖȎȕȣȔȐ ȎȈȓȒȐȔȐ Ȑ șȔȍȠȕȣ-
ȔȐ ǷȘȈȗȖȘȡȐȒ ȖȉȖȠȍȓ șȖȓȌȈȚ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȓ ȕȈ ȊșȧȒȐȑ șȓțȟȈȑ
ȊȏȧȚȤ ȗȖȓȕȣȑ ȏȈȗȈș ȗȈȚȘȖȕȖȊ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȜȍȓȤȌȜȍȉȍȓȦ ȟȚȖ-
ȉȣ ȊȣșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȏȈ ȒȈȔȕȧȔȐ ȖȉȈ ȗțȓȍȔȍȚȈ
2
Ƕȕ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȠȍȓ Ȓ șȊȖȍȔț ȔȍșȚț ȋȌȍ țȎȍ ȖȉȏȈȊȍȓșȧ
ȞȍȓȣȔ ȝȖȏȧȑșȚȊȖȔ Ǫ țȋȓțȉȓȍȕȐȐ ȖȒȖȗȈ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȕȈ ȗȖȓȒȍ
ȓȍȎȈȓȈ ȖȚȓȐȟȕȖ ȗȘȐșȚȘȍȓȧȕȕȈȧ ȒȈȊȈȓȍȘȐȑșȒȈȧ ȊȐȕȚȖȊȒȈ
ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȘȍȏȐȕȖȊȣȑ ȒȐșȍȚ ș ȚȈȉȈȒȖȔ ȧȡȐȒ ș șȖȚȕȍȑ ȗȈȚ-
ȘȖȕȖȊ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȕȣȑ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȜȖȕȈȘȤ ȉȐȕȖȒȓȤ Ȑ ȘȖȏȖ-
ȊȈȧ ȥȔȈȓȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȈȧ ȒȘțȎȒȈ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȟȈȧ ȓȍȎȈȓȖ
ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȒțșȒȖȊ ȖȚșȣȘȍȊȠȍȋȖ ȠȖȒȖȓȈȌȈ Ȑ șȖȓȌȈȚșȒȐȑ șț-

147
ȝȈȘȤ
ǵȍ țșȗȍȓ Ȗȕ ȕȈȉȐȚȤ ȚȘțȉȒț ȒȈȒ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȘȈ-
ȕț ȗȘȐȉȍȎȈȓ ǨȘȝȐȗȖȊ
— ǪȈȠȍ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌȐȍ ǩȣȚȤ ȈȚȈȒȍ ȘȈȏȊȍȌȟȐȒȐ ȗȖȓȏțȚ Ȗș-
ȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȦȚ ȗȖȓȍ
— ǫȌȍ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ șȘȈȏț ȖȎȐȊȓȧȧșȤ ǬȍȘȕȖȊ
ǶȕȐ ȗȖȌȗȖȓȏȓȐ Ȓ ȊȣȝȖȌț Ȑȏ ȖȒȖȗȈ ǹȕȍȋ șȓȍȗȐȓ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȑ
șȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȉȣȓȖ ȘȈȏȋȓȧȌȍȚȤ ȕȖ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȋȓȈȏȈ
ȗȘȐȊȣȒȓȐ
— ǪȖȚ ȚȈȔ ȚȈȔ ȊȈȠȍ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌȐȍ — Ƞȍȗȕțȓ ȜȍȓȤȌȜȍ-
ȉȍȓȤ — ǪȖȚ ȠȍȊȍȓȧȚșȧ
ǪȌȈȓȐ ȠȈȋȈȝ Ȋ ȠȍșȚȐșȚȈȝ ȖȚ ȖȒȖȗȈ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȌȊȐȋȈ-
ȓȈșȤ ȚȍȕȤ
ǶȕȈ ȚȖ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȑ ȕȈ ȚțșȒ-
ȓȖȔ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȔ ȖȚ șȕȍȋȈ ȕȍȉȍ ȚȖ ȗȘȐȗȈȌȈȓȈ Ȓ ȏȍȔȓȍ Ȑ
ȗȖȟȚȐ ȉȍșșȓȍȌȕȖ ȐșȟȍȏȈȓȈ
ǩȣȓȖ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ Ȑ ȎțȚȒȖȍ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȐ
ȟȍȘȕȖȑ ȚȍȕȐ ȉȍșșȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȐȌțȡȍȑ ȔȍȎȌț ȖȒȖȗȈȔȐ ȗȖ ȗȖȓȦ
șȖ șȊȐșȚȧȡȐȔȐ ȕȈȌ ȕȐȔ ȗțȓȧȔȐ DzȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȊȣȏȖȊ Ȑ ȕȈșȔȍȠ-
ȒȈ ȟțȌȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȉȍȏȏȊțȟȕȖȔ Ȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖȔ ȠȍșȚȊȐȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍ-
ȒȈ ȐȓȐ ȗȘȐȏȘȈȒȈ ȗȖ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȗȘȖȗȐȚȈȕȕȖȑ ȒȘȖȊȤȦ țȉȐ-
Țȣȝ ǪȘȍȔȍȕȈȔȐ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȚȍȕȤ ȖȚȌȍȓȧȓȈșȤ ȖȚ ȏȍȔȓȐ Ȑ
ȗȓȈȊȕȖ ȒȖȓȍȉȈȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȉȍȓȍșȣȝ ȔȧȚțȡȐȝșȧ ȗȖȓȖșȈȝ șȕȍȋȈ
ǺȖȋȌȈ ȜȍȓȤȌȜȍȉȍȓȤ ȒȘȍșȚȐȓșȧ Ȉ ǬȍȘȕȖȊ Ȋ ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȐȐ ȗȖȎȐ-
ȔȈȓ ȗȓȍȟȈȔȐ
— ǬȈȚȤ ȏȈȓȗ" —ș ȗȘȖșȐȓ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ǨȘȝȐȗȖȊ
— ǷȖșȚȖȑ — Ƞȍȗȕțȓ ȗȘȈȗȖȘȡȐȒ — ǪȍȌȤ ȚȈȔ ȖȌȐȕ ȟȍ-
ȓȖȊȍȒ"
— ǶȌȐȕ — ȒȐȊȕțȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȜȍȓȤȌȜȍȉȍȓȤ — Ǩ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȔȖ-
ȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȕȖ
— ǬȈ — ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓ ǬȍȘȕȖȊ
Ǫ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȕȈ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ șȖȗȒȍ Ȋșȗȣȝȕțȓ ȗȘȖȎȍȒȚȖȘ ȆȘ-
ȒȐȑ Ȑ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚȕȣȑ ȓțȟ ȗȘȖȉȍȎȈȓ ȒȈȒ ȓȍȏȊȐȍ ȕȖȎȈ ȗȖ ȖȒȖ-
ȗț Ȑ șȒȖȓȤȏȕțȊ ȗȖ ȘȈȊȕȐȕȍ ȕȈ ȖȌȕȖ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȖȍ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ
ȖșȊȍȚȐȓ ȖȌȐȕȖȒțȦ ȜȐȋțȘț ȗȘȖȉȐȘȈȦȡțȦșȧ ȗȖ ȗȖȓȦ ȔȍȎȌț
ȊȍȌțȡȐȔȐ ȉȖȑ ȗȖȏȐȞȐȧȔȐ
ǬȍȘȕȖȊ Ȑ ǨȘȝȐȗȖȊ ȌȈȎȍ ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓȐ ȖȚ țȌȐȊȓȍȕȐȧ Ȑ
ȗȍȘȍȋȓȧȕțȓȐșȤ

149
ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ, ȕȍșȖȔȕȍȕȕȖ, ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ǶȕȈ ȠȓȈ Ȑ ȗȓȈȚȤȍ ȍȍ
Ȑ ȗȓȈȚȖȒ ȘȈȏȊȍȊȈȓȐșȤ ȗȖ ȊȍȚȘț ǭȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓȐ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ Ȑ Ȋ ȕȍ-
ȔȍȞȒȐȝ ȖȒȖȗȈȝ
ǶȒȖȗȣ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ ȘȈșȞȊȍȚȐȓȐșȤ ȒȘȈșȕȣȔȐ Ȑ ȎȍȓȚȣȔȐ Ȗȋ-
ȕȧȔȐ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȖȊ Ȑ ȏȈȚȈȘȈȚȖȘȐȓ ȗțȓȍȔȍȚ ǪȏȊȐȓȈșȤ ȘȈȒȍȚȈ
Ȑ ȒȘȈșȕȣȔ ȖȋȕȍȔ ȖșȊȍȚȐȓȈ ȟȈșȚȤ ȗȖȓȧ ǵȈ ȗȖȉȈȋȘȖȊȍȊȠȍȔ
ȕȍȉȍ ǬȍȘȕȖȊ ȍȡȍ ȘȈȏ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȏȈȋȈȌȖȟȕțȦ ȚȍȕȤ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ
ȗȖȧȊȐȊȠȍȑșȧ ȏȌȍșȤ ȗȖȌ ȖȋȕȍȔ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ǶȕȈ ȗȘȖȉȍȎȈȓȈ
ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȠȈȋȖȊ Ȑ ȊȌȘțȋ ȗȖȠȓȈ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ
ǷȘȖȎȍȒȚȖȘ ș ȕȈȠȐȝ ȗȖȏȐȞȐȑ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȉȍȋȈȚȤ ȗȖ ȗȖȓȦ Ǯȍȕ-
ȡȐȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȊȐȌȕȈ ȒȈȒ ȕȈ ȓȈȌȖȕȐ ȕȖ ȕȍȔȞȣ ȕȍ ȖȉșȚȘȍȓȐȊȈ-
ȓȐ ȍȍ ǶȕȈ ȠȓȈ șȒȘȣȚȈȧ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ ȒȖșȖȋȖȘȖȔ Ȑ ȗȖȌȊȐ-
ȋȈȓȈșȤ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȝ ȚȘȈȕȠȍȑ
ǬȍȘȕȖȊ Ȑ ǨȘȝȐȗȖȊ ȗȍȘȍȋȓȧȕțȓȐșȤ
— ǹȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȠȈȋȖȊ ȗȖ-ȚȊȖȍȔț ȌȖ ȕȍȍ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȗȘȈ-
ȗȖȘȡȐȒ
— ǹ  ȉțȌȍȚ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȚȖȚ — ǿȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȊȍȌȤȔȈ ȟȚȖ
ȓȐ"— Ǩ ȕȈȠ ȗȘȐȞȍȓ ȒȈȒȖȑ" — ȗȍȘȍȉȐȓ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ ǬȍȘȕȖȊ
— ǹȈȔȐ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȊȈȠȍ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌȐȍ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ǨȘȝȐȗȖȊ Ȑ
ȊȌȘțȋ șȘȈȏț ȗȖȕȧȓ Ȑ ȗȣȚȓȐȊȖ ȏȈȋȓȧȕțȓ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȗȘȈȗȖȘȡȐ-
Ȓț
— ǯȕȈȟȐȚ ȜȓȈȕȋȈ ȕȍȔȞȣ ȕȍ ȉȍȘȍȋțȚ" — Ƞȍȗȕțȓ ǬȍȘȕȖȊ
— ǰ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȗȖȎȈȓțȑ ȖȚȚțȌȈ ȕȍȏȈȔȍȚȕȖ ȗȖȌȖȑȚȐ
ǿțȊșȚȊțȧ ȕȈ șȍȉȍ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ ǨȘȝȐȗȖȊȈ ȗȘȈȗȖȘȡȐȒ Ȋȏȋȓȧ-
ȕțȓ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ Ȋ țȗȖȘ Ȑ șȗȘȖșȐȓ
— ǷȖȗȣȚȈȍȔ șȟȈșȚȤȧ"
— ǺȈȒ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȊȈȠȍ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌȐȍ ȕȈȌȖ ȗȖȗȣȚȈȚȤșȧ — Ȗȉ-
ȘȈȌȖȊȈȓșȧ ȜȍȓȤȌȜȍȉȍȓȤ
ǬȍȘȕȖȊ ȗȖ ȚȍȓȍȜȖȕț ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȓ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ȗȖȓȒȖȊȖȔț
ȒȖȔȈȕȌȐȘț Ȑ ȚȖȚ ȘȈȏȘȍȠȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȘȖȚȍ țȌȈȘȐȚȤ Ȋ ȠȚȣȒȐ Ȋ șȓț-
ȟȈȍ țșȗȍȝȈ ȖȉȍȡȈȊ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ ȗțșȚȐȚȤ Ȋ ȈȚȈȒț ȊȍșȤ ȗȖȓȒ.
ǬȍȘȕȖȊ ȖȉȘȈȌȖȊȈȓșȧ
ǴȍȠȈȓ ȗȘȖȎȍȒȚȖȘ Ƕȕ ȖșȊȍȡȈȓ ȊșȦ ȘȈȊȕȐȕț ȕȈȡțȗȣ-
ȊȈȓ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ ȊșȧȒȐȑ ȒțșȚ ǵȈȌȖ ȉȣȓȖ țșȗȖȒȖȐȚȤ ȕȈȉ-
ȓȦȌȈȚȍȓȍȑ Ȑ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȗȍȘȍȊȍșȚȐ ȓțȟ Ȋ ȌȘțȋțȦ șȚȖȘȖȕț
ǨȘȝȐȗȖȊ ȗȖȉȍȎȈȓ ȊȌȖȓȤ ȚȘȈȕȠȍȐ
— ǵȍ șȚȘȍȓȧȚȤ ǵȍ șȚȘȍȓȧȚȤ — ȗȘȐȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ Ȗȕ Ȑ ȍȋȖ

150
ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȕȐȍ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȓȐ ȊȏȊȖȌȕȣȍ
— ǵȍ șȚȘȍȓȧȚȤ ȖȚșȚȈȊȐȚȤ
ǸțșșȒȐȑ ȖȒȖȗ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȏȈȔȖȓȟȈȓ
ǹȚȈȓ țȚȐȝȈȚȤ ȖȋȖȕȤ Ȑ ș ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȝ ȖȒȖȗȖȊ ǪșȒȖȘȍ ȘȍȌȒȐȍ
ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȣ Ȑ Țȍ țȔȖȓȒȓȐ ǺȈȔ ȊȐȌȕȖ ȉȣȓȐ ȘȈȌȣ ȖȚȌȖȝȕțȚȤ
ǷȘȖȎȍȒȚȖȘ șȓȖȊȕȖ țȌȐȊȓȧȧșȤ ȗȖȠȈȘȐȓ ȗȖȉȍȋȈȓ ȗȖ ȗȖ-
ȓȦ Ȑ țȉȍȌȐȊȠȐșȤ ȟȚȖ ȏȌȍșȤ Ȋșȍ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ țșȒȖȓȤȏȕțȓ ȒțȌȈ-
ȚȖ ǴȍȎȌț ȖȒȖȗȈȔȐ ȏȈȓȍȋȓȈ ȚȍȔȕȖȚȈ ȋȓțȝȈȧ Ȑ șȓȍȗȈȧ
ǰ Ȋ ȥȚȖȑ ȚȍȔȕȖȚȍ ȉȍșȕȖȊȈȓȐșȤ ȓȐȠȤ ȔȟȈȊȠȐȍșȧ ȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ
ș ȓȍȋȒȐȔ ȠȖȘȖȝȖȔ șȕȍȎȕȣȍ ȗȘȐȏȘȈȒȐ ǷȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ȊȍȚȍȘ Ȑ
ȗȖȋȕȈȓ ȕȈ ȘțșșȒȐȑ ȖȒȖȗ ȚțȟȐ șȕȍȋȈ ȊȏȌȣȔȈȧ ș ȗȖȓȧ ȓȍȋȒȐȍ
ȗțȠȐșȚȣȍ șțȋȘȖȉȣ
3
— ǫȖȚȖȊȤșȧ — șȒȖȔȈȕȌȖȊȈȓ ǬȍȘȕȖȊ Ȑ țȊȐȌȈȊ șȔȖȚȘȍȊ-
ȠȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ǨȘȝȐȗȖȊȈ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȒȊȍȘȝț ȘțȒț
—ǫȖȚȖȊȤșȧ — ȏȈȠȍȗȚȈȓȐ șȖȓȌȈȚȣ ȖșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȧ șțȔȒȐ ș
ȗȈȚȘȖȕȈȔȐ Ȑ ȠȚȣȒȐ Ȑ ȚțȎȍ ȗȖȌȚȧȋȐȊȈȧ ȗȖȧșȈ — ǫȖșȗȖȌȐ
ȉȓȈȋȖșȓȖȊȐ
ǸȧȌȖȔ ș ȗȘȈȗȖȘȡȐȒȖȔ ȊȣȘȖș ȊȣȕȣȘȕțȊ Ȑȏ ȚȍȔȕȖȚȣ
ȋȖȘȕȐșȚ Ǫ ȘțȒȈȝ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȚțșȒȓȖ ȖȚșȊȍȟȐȊȈȓ ȘȖȎȖȒ
— ǹȐȋȕȈȓȈ ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȚ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȍȔț ǬȍȘȕȖȊ — ǹȚȘȖȑșȧ
ǹȖȓȌȈȚȣ ȗȖșȚȘȖȐȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȚȤ Ȑȏ
ȖȒȖȗȈ
ǹȈȔ ǬȍȘȕȖȊ ȊȣȊȖȌȐȓ Ȑȝ Ȑ Ȋȍȓȍȓ ȗȍȘȍȉȍȋȈȚȤ ȕȍ ȠțȔȧ Ȓ
ȚȖȔț ȔȍșȚț ȋȌȍ Ȗȕ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȚȍȕȤ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȉȍșșȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȠȍȌ-
Ƞȍȑ ȗȖȌ ȗțȓȧȔȐ
ǨȘȝȐȗȖȊ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓ Ȋ ȖȒȖȗȍ ȗȧȚȤȌȍșȧȚ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȑ Ȋȍȓȍȓ ȐȔ
ȐȏȘȍȌȒȈ ȗȖ ȖȌȕȖȔț șȚȘȍȓȧȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȥȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȓȖșȤ ȉȍȏ ȗȍȘȍȘȣȊȈ
ȗȧȚȤ Ȍȕȍȑ
ǹȖȓȌȈȚȣ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖ ȚȧȕțȓȐ ȏȈ șȖȉȖȑ ȌȊȈ ȗțȓȍȔȍȚȈ
ǬȍȘȕȖȊ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȐȌȍȚ ȕȈ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȕȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ ȒȈȒȖȍ ȕȍ
ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ șȓțȟȐȚȤșȧ ȕȖ Ȗȕ șȔȍȓȖ Ȋȍȓ ȓȦȌȍȑ Ȋȍ-
Șȧ Ȋ țșȗȍȝ ǭȔț ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ — ȊȖȓȒ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȒȘȈȌȍȚșȧ ȏȈ

151
ȕȐȔ șȚȈȧ șȐȓȤȕȣȝ ȏȓȣȝ Ȑ șȔȍȓȣȝ ȊȖȓȒȖȊ Ȑ ȍȔț șȚȈȕȖȊȐ-
ȓȖșȤ Ȋșȍ Ȋȍșȍȓȍȍ Ȑ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ șȔȍȠȕȍȍ
ǪȖȚ ȕȈȟȈȓșȧ ȒȖșȖȋȖȘ ǰȏ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȖȋȖ ȖȒȖȗȈ ȡȍȓȒȕțȓȐ ȌȊȈ
ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȈ Ȋ ȖȚȊȍȚ ȕȈ ȖȌȐȕȖȒȐȍ ȗțȓȐ șȊȐșȚȧȡȐȍ Ȑȏ ȘțșșȒȖȑ
ȚȘȈȕȠȍȐ ǵȖ Ȗȋȕȍȑ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȐȌȕȖ
ǶȚȘȧȌ Ƞȍȓ ȗȖȌ ȗȘȐȒȘȣȚȐȍȔ ȒȖșȖȋȖȘȈ
— ǪȈȠȍ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌȐȍ — ȏȈȠȍȗȚȈȓ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȌȠȐȑ Ȓ ǬȍȘȕȖ-
Ȋț ȜȍȓȤȌȜȍȉȍȓȤ — ȀȈȋȖȊ ȟȍȚȣȘȍșȚȈ ȖșȚȈȓȖșȤ Ȉ ȚȖ Ȑ ȔȍȕȤ-
Ƞȍ ǷȖșȓȈȚȤ ȉȣ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ȘȈȏȊȍȌȟȐȒȈ ǹȍȔȍȕȖȊȈ ș ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȈ-
ȔȐ
— ǷȖȠȓȐ Ȑ ȧ ș ȕȐȔȐ ȗȖȑȌț — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǬȍȘȕȖȊ
Ƕȕ ȏȕȈȓ ǹȍȔȍȕȖȊȈ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȝțȌȖȑ ȟȍȘȕȧȊȣȑ șȖȓȌȈȚ Ȑȏ
ȏȈȗȈșȕȣȝ ǯȈȋȖȘȍȓȣȑ Ȑ ȊȐȝȘȈșȚȣȑ ș ȟȍȘȕȣȔȐ ȉȍȋȈȦȡȐȔȐ
ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ Ȗȕ ȌȖ ȊȖȑȕȣ șȓțȎȐȓ ȍȋȍȘȍȔ ț ȗȖȔȍȡȐȒȈ Ȑ ȗȘȐȊȣȒ
ȊȣțȎȐȊȈȚȤ Ȑ «șȒȘȈȌȣȊȈȚȤ» ȏȊȍȘȧ ǹȊȖȐ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȐ Ȗȕ Ȗȉ-
ȕȈȘțȎȐȓ ș ȗȍȘȊȣȝ Ȏȍ ȉȖȍȊ Ȑ ȗȖȌȖȉȘȈȊ șȍȉȍ ȗȧȚȍȘȣȝ ȚȖȊȈ-
ȘȐȡȍȑ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȝȖȌȐȓ ȕȈ ȘȈȏȊȍȌȒț
DzȖșȖȋȖȘ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȗȖȕȐȎȈȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȊȌȘțȋ șȘȈȏț ȖȉȖȘȊȈȓșȧ ǸȈȏ-
ȊȍȌȟȐȒȐ ȏȈȔȍȘȓȐ ȊȗȍȘȍȌȐ Ȋ șȖȚȕȍ ȠȈȋȖȊ ȔȍȓȤȒȕțȓȐ ȘȍȌ-
ȒȐȍ ȖȋȕȐ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȖȊ Ȉ ȗȖȚȖȔ șȕȖȊȈ Ȋșȍ șȔȖȓȒȓȖ
— ǵȈȏȈȌ — ȠȍȗȖȚȖȔ șȒȖȔȈȕȌȖȊȈȓ ǬȍȘȕȖȊ ȕȖ ȍȌȊȈ țș-
ȗȍȓȐ ȖȕȐ șȒȘȣȚȤșȧ ȏȈ ȒȖșȖȋȖȘ Ȑȏ ȚȍȔȕȖȚȣ ȊȣȕȣȘȕțȓȐ ȌȊȍ
ȟȍȘȕȣȍ ȚȍȕȐ Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȚȤșȧ Ȓ ȕȐȔ
ǬȍȘȕȖȊ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ ȔȍșȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȖȝȘȈȕȧȓȖșȤ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȔ ȗȈȚ-
ȘțȓȍȔ ǸȈȏȊȍȌȟȐȒȐ ȗȘȐȚȈȐȓȐșȤ ȏȈ ȒȈȔȕȧȔȐ Ȑ ȒțșȚȈȔȐ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȌȊȈ ȗȘțșșȒȐȝ șȖȓȌȈȚȈ ȏȈȗȖȘȖȠȍȕȕȣȝ șȕȍȋȖȔ ȗȖ-
ȘȈȊȕȧȓȐșȤ ș ȕȐȔȐ ǬȍȘȕȖȊ ȠȈȋȕțȓ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ Ȑ ȕȍȋȘȖȔȒȖ ȕȖ
ȗȖȊȍȓȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȒȈȏȈȓ
—Halt!
ǷȘȐȊȣȒȠȐȍ Ȓ ȗȖȊȐȕȖȊȍȕȐȦ Ȑ țȌȐȊȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȌȖȏȖȘȕȣȍ
ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȐșȤ ȕȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ǹȍȔȍȕȖȊ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȘȈȏȊȍȌȟȐȒ
țȌȈȘȐȓȐ Ȑȝ ȠȚȣȒȈȔȐ ǬȍȘȕȖȊ ȌȈȎȍ țșȓȣȠȈȓ ȒȈȒ ȏȈșȒȘȍ-
ȎȍȚȈȓ ȠȚȣȒ șȒȖȓȤȏȕțȊ ȗȖ ȒȖșȚȐ ǵȍȔȞȣ ȘțȝȕțȓȐ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ,
Ȉ șȕȍȋ ȏȈȋȓțȠȐȓ ȗȈȌȍȕȐȍ Ȑȝ Țȍȓ
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȐȕțȚ ȊȍșȤ ȖȚȘȧȌ ȉȣȓ țȎȍ Ȋ șȚȈ ȠȈȋȈȝ
ȖȚ ȗȍȘȊȖȑ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȖȑ ȚȘȈȕȠȍȐ ǹȖȓȌȈȚȣ ȏȈȒțșȐȊ ȋțȉȣ Ȑ
ȒȘȍȗȟȍ șȎȐȔȈȧ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ ȊȐȕȚȖȊȒȐ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ ȒȈȒ ȊșȗȣȝȐ-
ȊȈȦȚ ȖȋȖȕȤȒȐ ȗȘțșșȒȐȝ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȖȊ ȗȖ ȖȒȖȗț ȋȌȍ ȖȕȐ ȖșȚȈ-

153
ȊȐȓȐ ȟȈșȚȤ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȍȑ ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȦȡȐȝ ©Ȍȓȧ ȊȐȌțª Ȋȧȓȣȑ
ȖȋȖȕȤ Ȑ ȊȍșȤ ȗȖȓȒ ȋȖȚȖȊȣȑ ȗȘȐȌȚȐ Ȓ ȕȐȔ ȕȈ ȗȖȔȖȡȤ
ǬȍȘȕȖȊ Ȑ ǨȘȝȐȗȖȊ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȓȐ ȕȈ ȗȘȐȋȖȘȒȍ ȗțȓȍȔȍȚȣ Ȑ
ȊȍȘȕțȓȐșȤ Ȓ ȖȚȘȧȌț
ǷȘȖȑȌȧ ȍȡȍ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȗȖȓțșȖȚȕȐ ȠȈȋȖȊ ǬȍȘȕȖȊ ȊȣȝȊȈȚȐȓ
ȠȈȠȒț Ȑ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ȒȘȐȒȕțȊ
— ǹ ǩȖȋȖȔ ǻȘȈ-Ȉ-Ȉ
ǺȧȎȍȓȣȔ ȋȘȖȔȣȝȈȦȡȐȔ ȥȝȖȔ ȗȖȒȈȚȐȓȖșȤ șȏȈȌȐ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ
«țȘȈ» Ȑ ȚȖȘȖȗȓȐȊȣȑ ȚȖȗȖȚ ȕȖȋ
ǿȍȘȕȣȍ ȜȐȋțȘȣ ȒȘȐȟȈȡȐȝ șȖȓȌȈȚ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȖȉȋȖȕȧȚȤ ȍȋȖ
ȊȗȍȘȍȌȐ ȘȈȏȌȈȓȐșȤ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȕȣȍ ȋȖȓȖșȈ Ȑ ȉȍșȗȖȘȧȌȖȟȕȈȧ
șȚȘȍȓȤȉȈ
ǹȖȓȌȈȚȣ ȊȖȘȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȚȘȈȕȠȍȦ Ȁȍȓ ȘțȒȖȗȈȠȕȣȑ ȉȖȑ
ǩȐȓȐ ȠȚȣȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȗȘȐȒȓȈȌȈȔȐ ǬȍȘȕȖȊ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ
ȗȖȔȕȐȓ Ƕȕ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ șȊȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ Ȗȕ șȌȍȓȈȓ ǬȈȓȤȠȍ
— ǩȖȋ Ȑ șțȌȤȉȈ Ƕȕ ȌȖȋȕȈȓ Ȑ Șțȉȕțȓ ȗȖ șȗȐȕȍ șȚȈȘȈȊȠȍȋȖșȧ
ȗȍȘȍȓȍȏȚȤ ȟȍȘȍȏ șȒȖȓȤȏȒȐȑ ȖȒȖȗ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȈ ǻȊȐȌȍȊ țȉȍȋȈȊ-
ȠȍȋȖ ȗȘțșșȈȒȈ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȐȓ Ȋ ȕȍȋȖ Ȑȏ ȕȈȋȈȕȈ ǷȖȚȖȔ «țȘȈ»
țșȐȓȐȓȖșȤ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ ȗțȓȍȔȍȚȣ Ȑ ǬȍȘȕȖȊ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȓȒ
ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȈȚȈȒț Ǩ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȊȌȘțȋ Ȋșȍ șȔȖȓȒȓȖ — Ȑ «țȘȈ» Ȑ
ȒȘȐȒȐ ȗȖȋȖȕȐ Ȑ șȚȘȈȝȈ Ȑ ȚȖȘȖȗȓȐȊȣȍ șțȝȐȍ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȣ Ȋ
țȗȖȘ
ǹȖȓȌȈȚȣ ȖȒȘțȎȐȓȐ ǬȍȘȕȖȊȈ Ȑ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȘȈȌȖ-
șȚȕȣȔȐ ȧȘȒȐȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ș ȍȡȍ ȕȍȗȖȋȈșȠȐȔȐ ȖȋȕȧȔȐ ȏȈ-
ȋȖȘȈȦȡȐȔȐșȧ Ȋ ȉȖȦ
— ǪȈȠȍ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌȐȍ ȊȈȠȍ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌȐȍ ȊȏȧȓȐ — ȒȘȐȒ-
ȕțȓ ȗȘȖȚȖȓȒȈȊȠȐșȤ șȒȊȖȏȤ ȚȖȓȗț șȖȓȌȈȚ ǨȘȝȐȗȖȊ
ǬȍȘȕȖȊ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȗȖȕȧȓ Ȋșȍ Ƕȕ ȗȘȖȊȍȓ ȘțȒȖȑ ȗȖ
ȋȓȈȏȈȔ șȕȧȓ ȗȈȗȈȝț Ȑ ȠȐȘȖȒȖ ȗȍȘȍȒȘȍșȚȐȓșȧ
— ǹȗȈșȐȉȖ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȐ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȕȈȌȍȊȈȧ ȗȈȗȈȝȐ
— ǸȈȌȣ șȚȈȘȈȚȤșȧ — ȋȈȘȒȕțȓȐ Ȋȍșȍȓȣȍ ȋȖȓȖșȈ
ǵȖ ȏȈȔȖȓȟȈȓȐ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ǨȘȝȐȗȖȊ țȎȍ ȊȖȘȟȈȓ
— ǯȈȕȐȔȈȑ ȖȒȖȗ ǵȍ Ȋ Ȑȏȉț ȟȈȑ ȗȘȐȠȓȐ ǷȍȘȊȣȑ ȊȏȊȖȌ,
ȊȣșȚȈȊȤ ȌȖȏȖȘȕȣȝ ǷȍȚȘȍȕȒȖ ȊȖȏȤȔȐ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȌȈ ȗȖȒȈ ȕȍ ȘȈș-
șȊȍȚȈȍȚ ȗȖȊȣȒȐȌȣȊȈȑ ȕȍȔȞȍȊ ǵȍ ȘȈȏȊȍȠȐȊȈȑ țȠȍȑ ȘȖȊȕȖ
ȓȖȗțȝȐ ǬȔȐȚȘȐȍȊ ǵ-ȕț ȎȐȊȖ ț Ȕȍȕȧ

4
ǬȍȘȕȖȊ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȕȖșȚȤ ȖȚ ȗȖȓȒȖȊȖȋȖ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȐ-
ȘȈ Ȑ ȎȌȈȓ țȚȘȈ
ǷȘȐ ȗȍȘȊȣȝ ȍȋȖ ȖȚȉȓȍșȒȈȝ Ȗȕ țȊȐȌȍȓ Ȟȍȓȣȍ ȋȘțȌȣ țȉȐ-
Țȣȝ ȕȍȔȞȍȊ șȊȈȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȏȈ ȖȒȖȗȖȔ dzțȎȐ ȒȘȖȊȐ șȚȖȧȓȐ ȍȡȍ
Ȋ ȚȘȈȕȠȍȍ ȊȈȓȧȓȐșȤ ȘțȎȤȧ ȖȗȘȖȒȐȕțȚȣȍ Ȋ șȊȈȓȒȍ ȗțȓȍȔȍ-
Țȣ ȠȚȣȒȐ Ȑ ȒȈșȒȐ
ǺȘȐ ȘȧȌȈ șȐȓȤȕȖ țȒȘȍȗȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȗȘȖȊȖȓȖȒȖȑ Ȑ ȒȖȓȤȧȔȐ
ȖȒȖȗȖȊ ȉȣȓȐ ȏȈȕȧȚȣ ȗȖȓȒȖȔ
DzȖȋȌȈ șȖȊșȍȔ ȘȈșșȊȍȓȖ Ȗȕ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȟȚȖ ȊȕȐȏț Ȋ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȑ
ȌȖȓȐȕȍ șȚȖȐȚ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȧ
ǿȍȘȕȣȑ șȚȈȘȣȑ ȒȖșȚȍȓ ȊȐȌȕȖ ȕȍȌȈȊȕȖ șȋȖȘȍȓ Ȑ ȍȡȍ Ȍȣ-
ȔȐȓșȧ
ǬȍșȧȚȒȈ ȚȘȐ Ȑȏȉ ȒȘȣȚȣȝ șȖȓȖȔȖȑ ȦȚȐȓȖșȤ ȊȖȒȘțȋ Ȉ ȌȈȓȤ-
Ƞȍ ȟȍȘȕȍȓȈșȤ șȚȍȕȈ ȓȍșȈ Ȑ ȉȓȍșȚȍȓȖ ȕȍȏȈȔȍȘȏȠȍȍ ȖȏȍȘȖ
ȖȒȈȑȔȓȍȕȕȖȍ ȘȈȔȖȑ ȉȍȓȖȋȖ șȕȍȋȈ
ǵȈ țȓȐȞȍ ȒȖȗȖȠȐȓȐșȤ ȚȘȐ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȏȈȝȖȌȧ ȊȖ ȌȊȖȘȣ
ȗȖȒȐȕțȚȣȝ Ȑ ȘȈȏȋȘȈȉȓȍȕȕȣȝ Ȑȏȉ
ǬȍȘȕȖȊ țȓȣȉȕțȓșȧ Ȑ ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ
— ǶȌȕȈ Ȑȏ ȥȚȐȝ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ ȗȘȐȊȍȓȈ ȕȈș Ȋ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȍ ȖȒȖ-
ȗȣǵȖ ȍȋȖ ȌțȔȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȘȍȘȊȈȕȣ ȊȏȊȖȌȕȣȔ Ƕȕ ȉȍȎȈȓ ȘȈȏ-
ȔȈȝȐȊȈȧ ȘțȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȍȡȍ ȐȏȌȈȓȐ ȒȘȐȟȈȓ
— ǪȈȠȍ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌȐȍ DzȖȔȈȕȌȐȘ ȌȐȊȐȏȐȐ ȕȈ ȔȈȠȐȕȍ ȍȌțȚ
ǬȍȘȕȖȊ ȉȍȋȖȔ ȗțșȚȐȓșȧ Ȓ șȊȖȍȑ ȘȖȚȍ ȕȖ ȗȘȐȉȍȎȈȓ ȚȖȋ-
ȌȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓ țȎȍ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȓ Ȑȏ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȧ Ȑ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȓ
ȘȈȗȖȘȚ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȐȘȈ ȗȖȓȒȈ țȒȈȏȣȊȈȊȠȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȒȖȏȣȘȧȊȠȍȋȖ ȕȈ
ȉȍȋț ȗȘȈȗȖȘȡȐȒȈ
— dzȐȝȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ ȗȘȈȗȖȘȡȐȒ ȓȐȝȖȍ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȍ ȌȍȓȖ
— ǹȗȈșȐȉȖ ȉȖȋȈȚȣȘȐ — ȊȍșȍȓȖ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓ
ǰ ȊȌȖȓȤ ȊșȍȋȖ ȖȒȖȗȈ ȗȘȖȕȍșȓȖșȤ
— ǸȈȌȣ șȚȈȘȈȚȤșȧ ȊȈȠȍ ȗȘȍȊȖșȝȖȌȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ǻȘȈ-Ȉ

ȁǿǹȉȆǮǻǻȉdz ǺǼǹǶȀǰȉ

156
I
ǫȖȘȧȟȖ ȔȖȓȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ Ȑȏȉȍ ǨȒȐȔȈ ǺțȘȐȕȈ ǴȖȓȐȓȐșȤ ȉȍȏ
șȓȍȏ ș ȒȘȍȗȒȖȑ ȒȈȒ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ ȊȍȘȖȑ șȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȌȘȍȊȕȐȍ ȌȖ-
ȕȐȒȖȕȖȊșȒȖȋȖ ȗȐșȤȔȈ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȗȖȟȍȘȕȍȊȠȐȍ ȐȒȖȕȣ
ǹ ȚȍȔȕȣȝ ȐșȚȖȟȍȕȕȣȝ ȟȍȘȊȧȔȐ ȒȐȗȈȘȐșȖȊȣȝ ȌȖșȖȒ șț-
ȘȖȊȖ Ȑ ȗȘȐșȚȈȓȤȕȖ ȋȓȧȌȍȓȐ ȓȐȒȐ șȊȧȚȣȝ ǴȕȖȋȖ ȕȈ șȊȖȍȔ Ȋȍ-
Ȓț ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȥȚȐ șțȘȖȊȣȍ ȓȐȒȐ Ȑ ȋȖȕȍȕȐȍ ȘȍȊȕȐȚȍȓȍȑ șȚȈȘȖȑ
ȊȍȘȣ Ȑ ȓȐȝȐȍ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȈ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȊȠȐȍ ȕȈ ǸȖșșȐȦ Ȑ țȕȖșȐȊ-
ȠȐȍ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȏȈȝȊȈȟȍȕȕȣȝ ȉțȘȧȔȐ Ȑ ȊȐȝȘȧȔȐ
ǴȖȓȐȓșȧ șȚȈȘȐȒ ǨȒȐȔ ǺțȘȐȕ Ȑ ș ȕȐȔ ȔȖȓȐȓȐșȤ ȌȊȍ șȕȖ-
ȝȐ ȍȋȖ
ǻ Ȋșȍȝ ȉȣȓȖ șȊȖȍ ȖșȖȉȖȍ Ȑ Ȋ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȗȉȡȍȍ ȋȖȘȍ Ȑ
ȋȓțȉȖȒȈȧ ȘȖȎȌȈȦȡȈȧ ȚȘȍȊȖȋț ȏȈȉȖȚȈ
ǬȊȈ șȣȕȈ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ ȗȖȠȓȐ ȕȈ ȊȖȑȕț ǩȖȋ ȔȐȓȖȊȈȓ Ȑȝ Ȋ ȉȖȦ
Ȑ ȕȍȊȘȍȌȐȔȣȔȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȖȉȈ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȊȈ ȔȍșȧȞȈ țȎȍ ȗȘȖȠȓȖ
Ȉ ȖȚ ȖȉȖȐȝ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȍșȚȍȑ
ǺȘȍȊȖȎȐȓȐșȤ Ȏȍȕȣ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȗȖ ȕȖȟȈȔ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ
ȊȏȌȣȝȈȓ ǨȒȐȔ
ǵȖ ȊȏȌȣȝȈȓ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȗȖ ȖȌȕȐȔ șȣȕȖȊȤȧȔ Ȉ ȍȡȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȗȖ
ȊȕțȟȒț ǷȍȚȍ.
ǶȚ ȔȓȈȌȠȍȋȖ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȋȖ șȣȕȈ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ ǷȍȚȧ ǴȈȚȍȘȐ ȔȈȓȤ-
ȟȐȒ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ — țȔȍȘȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȐ ȍȋȖ ȘȖȎȌȍȕȐȐ DzȖȋȌȈ Ȏȍ ȊșȒȖ-
Șȍ ȗȘȍșȚȈȊȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȖȚȍȞ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ ǷȍȚȧ ȕȈ ȘțȒȈȝ ȌȍȌȈ ǷȖȓȦ-
ȉȐȓȐ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋȈ șȚȈȘȣȑ Ȑ ȔȈȓȣȑ Ȑ șȌȍȓȈȓȐșȤ ȕȍȘȈȏȓțȟȕȣ-
ȔȐǷȖȌȘȖș ȊȕțȒ ǰȏ șȍȓȤșȒȖȑ ȠȒȖȓȣ ȌȍȌ ȗȖșȓȈȓ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȋȖ-
ȘȖȌ, Ȋ ȋȐȔȕȈȏȐȦ ǷȖȕȐȔȈȓ ǨȒȐȔ ǺțȘȐȕ ȟȚȖ ȚȘțȌȕȖ ȚȍȔȕȖ-
Ȕț ȕȍțȟȍȕȖȔț Ȋ ȓȦȌșȒȖȑ ȚȍșȕȖȚȍ ȗȘȖȉȐȊȈȚȤșȧ
Ǩ Ȑȏ ȋȐȔȕȈȏȐȐ ǷȍȚȧ țȎ șȈȔ Ȋ țȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȌȈ
ȏȌȍșȤ ȍȋȖ ȊȖȑȕȈ ȏȈșȚȈȓȈ
ǵȈȗȐșȈȓ Ȗȕ ȌȍȌț ȗȐșȤȔȖ ȟȚȖ ȌȖȉȘȖȊȖȓȤȞȍȔ ȏȈȗȐșȈȓșȧ
ȗȖȗȘȖșȐȓ ȉȓȈȋȖșȓȖȊȍȕȐȧ Ȑ șȒȖȘȖ ș ȗȖȓȒȖȔ țȠȍȓ ǷȐșȈȓ ȗȖ-
ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȋȘȈȌȐȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȒȘȍșȚȖȔ ȏȈ ȝȘȈȉȘȖșȚȤ Ȑ Ȋ ȗȘȈȗȖȘ-
ȡȐȒȐ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍșȚȐ ȖȉȍȡȈȓȐ
ǷȐșȈȓ ȟȈșȚȖ ǫȖȘȌȖșȚȤȦ ȊșȗȣȝȐȊȈȓȖ ȓȐȞȖ ȌȍȌȈ Ȑ ȉȖȓȤ-
ȠȈȧ ȎȍșȚȒȈȧ ȘțȒȈ șȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȓȈșȤ Ȍȓȧ ȒȘȍșȚȕȖȋȖ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȧ

157
ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȏȈȔȖȓȟȈȓ Ȑ ǷȍȚȧ
Ǩ ȚȈȔ ȋȌȍ ȓȐȓȈșȤ ȘȖȌȕȈȧ ȒȘȖȊȤ ȋȌȍ ȊȣȘȈșȚȈȓȐ ȉȘȈȚ-
șȒȐȍ ȔȖȋȐȓȣ Ƞȍȓ ȎȈȘȒȐȑ ȉȖȑ ș ȕȈșȚțȗȈȦȡȐȔ ȊȘȈȋȖȔ ǷȧȌȤ
ȏȈ ȗȧȌȤȦ ȏȈȡȐȡȈȓȐ ȘțșșȒȐȍ ȊȖȑșȒȈ șȊȖȦ ȏȍȔȓȦ ȕȍ ȡȈȌȐ-
ȓȐ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȕȍ ȎȈȓȍȓȐ ȒȘȖȊȈȊȖȋȖ ȚȘțȌȈ
ǫȖȘȧȟȖ ȔȖȓȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ Ȑȏȉȍ ǨȒȐȔȈ ǺțȘȐȕȈ Ȋ ȚȖȚ ȊȍȟȍȘ ȒȖȋ-
ȌȈ ȚȘȍȊȖȋȈ șȐȓȤȕȍȍ șȎȈȓȈ Ȑ ȐșȚȖȔȐȓȈ șȍȘȌȞȈ
II
ǹȌȍȓȈȊ ȚȘȐ ȏȍȔȕȣȝ ȗȖȒȓȖȕȈ ǨȒȐȔ ȊȣȗȘȧȔȐȓșȧ Ȑ șȒȈ-
ȏȈȓ
— ǷȖȔȖȓȐȓȐșȤ ȏȈ ȊȖȐȕȖȊ ǩȖȋ ȐȔ ȏȈȡȐȚȖȑ ǵȐȟȍȋȖ șȗȈ-
șțȚșȧ ȏȕȈȦ ȧ
ǩȣȓȖ șȚȖȓȤȒȖ țȉȍȎȌȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȕȍȗȖȒȖȓȍȉȐȔȖȑ ȊȍȘȣ Ȋ șȓȖ-
ȊȈȝ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ ȟȚȖ Ȗȉȍ ȉȈȉȣ șȘȈȏț țșȗȖȒȖȐȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȗȘȐȕȧȓȐșȤ
ȝȓȖȗȖȚȈȚȤ ȖȒȖȓȖ țȎȐȕȈ
ǹȚȈȘȐȒ Ȏȍ șȍȓ Ȓ șȚȖȓț Ȑ ȌȖșȚȈȊ ȋȈȏȍȚț ȕȈȟȈȓ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ
ȊȖȌȧ ȗȈȓȤȞȍȔ Ȑ ȋȓȧȌȧ ȗȖȊȍȘȝ ȖȟȒȖȊ ȟȐȚȈȚȤ
ǴȣșȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ șȒȖȘȖ ȗȖȉȍȎȈȓȐ ȚțȌȈ ȋȌȍ ȗȘȖȒȓȧ-
Țȣȑ ȕȍȔȍȞ ȏȈșȣȗȈȓ ȕȈȠȐ ȖȒȖȗȣ ©țȘȈȋȈȕȕȣȔ ȖȋȕȍȔª ȋȌȍ
Ȗȕ ȗțșȒȈȓ ȕȈ ȕȈȠȐȝ ȏȈȡȐȚȕȐȒȖȊ ȧȌȖȊȐȚȣȍ ȋȈȏȣ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌȈ-
ȊȈȓ ȖȋȕȦ ȉȍȏȏȈȡȐȚȕȣȍ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȐ
ǪșȗȖȔȕȐȓ ǨȒȐȔ ǺțȘȐȕ ȚȖȚ ȌȍȕȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ țșȓȣ-
ȝȈȓ Ȗ ȊȣȌțȔȒȍ ȕȍȔȞȍȊ ȌțȠȐȚȤ ȕȈȠȐȝ șȖȓȌȈȚ ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȚȖ ȧȌȖȔ.
ǴȍșȚȈ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȕȈȑȚȐ șȍȉȍ șȚȈȘȐȒ ǽȖȌȐȓ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȟȈȌț ǴȖ-
ȓȐȚȊȈ ȕȈ țȔ ȕȍ ȠȓȈ ǨȒȐȔ țȠȍȓ Ȋ ȓȍș Ȑ ȉȘȍȓ ȕȍ ȘȈȏȉȐȘȈȧ
ȌȖȘȖȋȐ ȊȐȌȧ ȗȍȘȍȌ șȖȉȖȦ șȚȘȈȠȕțȦ ȒȈȘȚȐȕț ȖȗȐșȈȕȕțȦ Ȋ
ȋȈȏȍȚȍ
ǪȖȚ ȋȓțȉȖȒȐȑ ȖȒȖȗ ǵȈ șȊȍȎȍȑ ȏȍȓȍȕȐ ȚȘȈȊȣ ȒȈȒ ȟȍȘ-
ȕȈȧ ȏȔȍȧ ȒȈȒ șȓȍȌ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȋȖ ȒȘȖȚȈ ȊȤȍȚșȧ Ȗȕ Ȑ ȐșȟȍȏȈȍȚ
ȊȌȈȓȐ ȅȚȖ ȖȗȓȖȚ ǸȖșșȐȐ ǺȈȔ ȏȈ ȥȚȖȑ ȋȘțȌȖȑ ȟȍȘȕȖȑ ȏȍȔȓȐ,
ȏȈșȍȓȐ ȋȘțȌȤȦ șȊȖȍȦ ȏȈȡȐȡȈȦȡȐȍ ȘȖȌȐȕț Ȑ ȕȈȘȖȌ șȖȓȌȈȚȣ.
ǺȈȔ șȘȍȌȐ ȕȐȝ șȣȕȖȊȤȧ ǼȍȌȖȘ Ȑ ǬȔȐȚȘȐȑ Ȑ Ȗȕ — ȊȕțȟȍȒ
ǷȍȚȧ ȕȍȎȕȣȑ șȖ ȏȊȖȕȒȐȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ Ȑ ȧȘȒȐȔȐ șȔȍȓȣȔȐ ȋȓȈ-
ȏȈȔȐ

ǹȚȈȘȐȒ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȍȋȖ Ȋ șȚțȌȍȕȟȍșȒȖȑ ȚțȎțȘȒȍ Ȑ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ
ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȎȍșȚȒȖȑ ȕȍȋȕțȡȍȑșȧ șȖȓȌȈȚșȒȖȑ ȠȐȕȍ-
ȓȐ ǵȈȌ ȖȒȖȗȖȔ ȔȍȓȤȒȈȦȚ ȖȋȖȕȤȒȐ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȖȊ Ȑ ȊȤȍȚșȧ ȟțȚȤ
ȏȈȔȍȚȕȣȑ ȌȣȔȖȒ
ǵȈȟȈȓșȧ ȉȖȑ ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ ȖȚȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ ȐȏȌȈȓȍȒȈ ȗȘȐȓȍȚȍȓȖ
ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȋȘțȏȕȖȍ ȏȈțȕȣȊȕȖ ȊȖȦȡȍȍ ǻȗȈȓȖ ȊșȒȐȕțȓȖ ȏȍȔȓȦ Ȑ
ȒȈȔȕȐ ȏȈȋȘȖȝȖȚȈȓȖ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȘȈȏȔȍȚȈȓȖ ȏȍȔȓȦ ȌȍȘȕ ȗȍșȖȒ Ȑ
șȊȐșȚȧȡȐȍ Ȑ ȎțȎȎȈȡȐȍ ȖșȒȖȓȒȐ DzȘȈșȕȣȑ ȌȣȔ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȊȐ-
ȌȍȕȐȍ ȊȏȌȣȉȐȓșȧ șȚȖȓȉȖȔ Ȑ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȈȌȈȧ ȗȖȓȏ ȗȖ ȚȘȈ-
Ȋȍ Ȑ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȌȖȗȖȓȏ ȌȖ ȖȒȖȗȈ ǯȌȍșȤ ȏȈȌȍȘȎȈȓșȧ Ȉ ȗȖȚȖȔ
ȕȈȟȈȓ ȗȍȘȍȓȐȊȈȚȤșȧ ȊȕȐȏ ȚțȌȈ ȋȌȍ ȉȣȓȐ șȖȓȌȈȚȣ șȣȕȖȊȤȧ
ǨȒȐȔȈ ǺțȘȐȕȈ Ȑ ȊȕțȒ ǷȍȚȘțȠȈ
ǿȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ șȊȖȍȑ ȌțȠȐ Ȗȕ ȕȍ
ȝȖȚȍȓ ȊșȗȖȔȐȕȈȚȤ Ȑ ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȊ șȕȧȓ ȖȟȒȐ Ȑ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ Ȑșȗț-
ȋȈȕȕȖ Ȑ ȎȈȓȖȉȕȖ ȕȈ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ ȓȐȒȐ șȊȧȚȐȚȍȓȍȑ
ǪșȗȖȔȕȐȓ șȚȈȘȐȒ ȟȚȖ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȔȖȓȐȓșȧ Ȗȕ ȗȖȚȖȔ Ȑ ȘȍȠȐȓ
ȗȖșȓȈȚȤ ȊȕțȟȒț ȌȍȌȖȊșȒȖȍ ȉȓȈȋȖșȓȖȊȍȕȐȍ
ǺțȘȐȕșȒȐȑ ȘȖȌ — Ȋșȍ ȖȚ ȌȈȓȤȕȐȝ ȗȘȈȌȍȌȖȊ ȉȣȓȐ ȐȒȖ-
ȕȖȗȐșȞȈȔȐ șȚȈȘȖȋȖ șȒȓȈȌȈ ǹȈȔ ǨȒȐȔ ȌȖ ȗȧȚȐȌȍșȧȚȐ ȓȍȚ ȏȈ-
ȕȐȔȈȓșȧ ȥȚȐȔ ȘȍȔȍșȓȖȔ Ȑ ȉȘȖșȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ țȉȍȌȐȓ-
șȧ ȟȚȖ ȜȈȉȘȐȒȐ Ȑ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒȐ Ȑȏ țȟȍȕȣȝ șȖȊșȍȔ ȏȈȉȐȓȐ ȐȒȖ-
ȕȖȗȐșȞȍȊ
ǨȒȐȔ ǺțȘȐȕ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȕȈȗȐșȈȚȤ Ȍȓȧ ȊȕțȒȈ ȐȒȖȕț — ȉȓȈȋȖ-
șȓȖȊȍȕȐȍ.
Ha ȟȍȘȌȈȒȍ Ȗȕ ȘȈȏȣșȒȈȓ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒțȦ ȐȒȖȕț ǩȣȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȕȈ-
ȗȐșȈȕȈ ȊȐȌȕȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȌȈȊȕȖ Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȔ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ șȒȐȚț ȕȈ ȌțȉȖ-
ȊȖȑ ȌȖșȒȍ ǪȘȍȔȧ țȕȐȟȚȖȎȐȓȖ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȓȐȠȤ ȒȖȍ-ȋȌȍ
ȊȐȌȕȍȓȐșȤ ȍȡȍ șȓȍȌȣ șȔȖȘȡȍȕȕȖȑ, ȖȚȗȈȌȈȦȡȍȑ ȟȍȠțȑȒȈ-
ȔȐ ȔȈșȓȧȕȖȑ ȒȘȈșȒȐ
ǶȚȟȐșȚȐȊ șȚȈȘțȦ ȌȖșȒț ȐȒȖȕȖȗȐșȍȞ ȔȍȓȒȐȔȐ ȒȐșȚȧȔȐ
ȕȈȗȐșȈȓ ȐȒȖȕȒț ȈȘȝȐșȚȘȈȚȐȋȈ ǴȐȝȈȐȓȈ ǩȘȖȕȦ ǨȒȐȔ șȌȍ-
ȓȈȓ Ȑȏ ȒțșȒȈ ȒȘȈșȕȖȑ ȔȍȌȐ Ȑ ȗȖȒȘȣȓ ȍȍ ȔȍȓȒȖȦ ȟȍȒȈȕȒȖȑ
ǬȈȊȕȖ țȎȍ ȗȖșȓȈȓ ǨȒȐȔ ȐȒȖȕȒț ȊȕțȟȒț ǷȍȚȍ ȕȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖ-
ȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȗȘȍȒȘȈȚȐȓȐșȤ ȗȐșȤȔȈ
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III
ǷȖțȎȐȕȈȊ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȍȡȍ șȐȌȍȓȐ ǺțȘȐȕȣ Ȑ șȊȍȚ Ȋ Ȑȝ Ȑȏȉȍ
ȊȐȌȕȍȓșȧ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȏȈ ȗȖȓȕȖȟȤ
ǻȎȍ ȗȘȖȗȍȓȐ ȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȗȍȚțȝȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋ ǺțȘȐȕșȒȖȑ Ȑȏȉȍ
ȖȉȐȚȈȚȍȓȐ ȏȈșȕțȓȐ
ǸȈȏȉțȌȐȓ Ȑȝ ȋȘȖȔȒȐȑ șȚțȒ Ȋ ȌȊȍȘȤ ǯȈȎȋȓȐ șȊȍȚ Ȑ șȚȈ-
ȘȐȒ ȖȚȒȘȣȓ ȌȊȍȘȤ
— ǶȚȍȞ ȇȒȖȊ — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ ǨȒȐȔ țȊȐȌȍȊ șȊȧȡȍȕȕȐȒȈ
— Dz Țȍȉȍ ǨȒȐȔ ǵȐȒȖȌȐȔȣȟ ș ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖȑ ȊȍșȚȤȦ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ
— ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ șȊȧȡȍȕȕȐȒ ȒȘȍșȚȧșȤ ȕȈ ȖȉȘȈȏȈ — ǷȘȖșȚȐ
ȟȚȖ ȗȖ ȕȖȟȐ ȚȘȍȊȖȎț ȌȈ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȌȖ țȚȘȈ ȖȚȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȚȤ
ǹȍȊ ț șȚȖȓȈ Ȑ ȘȈȏȋȓȈȎȐȊȈȧ ȘȍȌȒțȦ ȉȖȘȖȌȒț ȖȚȍȞ ȇȒȖȊ
ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ
— ǩȘȈȚ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȐȍȝȈȓ ȌȊȖȦȘȖȌȕȣȑ ǹȊȧȡȍȕȕȐȒȖȔ șȓț-
ȎȐȚȤ Ȗȕ Ȋ ȗȖȓȒț ȋȌȍ ȊȕțȒ-ȚȖ ȚȊȖȑ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚșȧ ǹȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ Ȕȕȍ
ȟȚȖ ǷȍȚȘțȠȈ-ȚȖ ȚȊȖȑ țȎȍ ȖȜȐȞȍȘ Ȑ Ȋșȧ ȋȘțȌȤ Ȋ ȉȖȍȊȣȝ ȕȈ-
ȋȘȈȌȈȝ Ǫ ȖȌȕȖȔ ȉȖȦ ȗțȓȧ țȌȈȘȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȐȒȖȕȒț ȕȈ ȋȘțȌȐ ȌȈ
ȚȈȔ Ȑ ȖșȚȈȓȈșȤ ǮȍșȚȖȒȐȑ ȉȣȓ ȉȖȑ Ȑ ȟțȌȖȔ șȗȈșșȧ ȚȖȋȌȈ
ǷȍȚȧ DzȓȈȕȧȚȤșȧ ȗȘȖșȐȓ Ȉ ȗȐșȈȚȤ ȕȍȌȖșțȋ ȕȖȊȣȍ ȖȒȖȗȣ Ȍȍ-
ȓȈȦȚ Ȑ Ȓ ȕȖȊȖȔț ȉȖȦ ȋȖȚȖȊȧȚșȧ ǹȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ ȊȕțȒ ȚȊȖȑ ȟȚȖ ȗȖ-
șȓȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌșȚȊȈ Ȋ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȣ ȌȖȊȍȓȖșȤ ȍȔț ȗȖȊȐȌȈȚȤșȧ ș șȣ-
ȕȖȊȤȧȔȐ ȚȊȖȐȔȐ ȖȉȈ ȏȌȘȈȊșȚȊțȦȚ Ȉ ȕȍ ȗȐȠțȚ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ
Ȋ ȗȖȝȖȌȍ ȉȣȓȐ Ȑ Ȋ ȘȈȏȊȍȌȒȈȝ ǸȈȌ ȧ ȌțȠȍȊȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȌȖȉȘțȦ
ȊȍșȚȤ Țȍȉȍ ȗȘȐȊȍșȚȐ ǩȖȋ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȐȓ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȗȖȑȌț ǪȌȖȊȍ Ǩȕ-
ȜȐșȍ ǹȔȍȓȒȖȊȖȑ ȗȐșȤȔȖ ȖȚ șȣȕȈ Ȑȏ ȓȈȏȈȘȍȚȈ ȕȈȌȖ ȖȚȌȈȚȤ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȖȚȍȞ ȇȒȖȊ țȠȍȓ Ȋ Ȑȏȉȍ ȚȐȝȖ ȔȖȓȐȓșȧ șȚȈȘȐȒ ǨȒȐȔ
ǺțȘȐȕ
ǵȈ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ȍȋȖ ȉȣȓȐ șȓȍȏȣ ȊȖșȚȖȘȋȈ Ȑ șȊȍȚȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȕȐȝ
ȘȈȌȖșȚȤ ȏȈ țșȓȣȠȈȕȕȣȍ ȔȖȓȐȚȊȣ Ȑ ȊȍȘȈ ȒȘȍȗȒȈȧ ȒȈȒ șȚȈȘȈȧ
ȌțȉȖȊȈȧ ȐȒȖȕȒȈ ȏȈȌȍȘȎȈȊȠȈȧ ȗțȓȦ ȕȈ ȋȘțȌȐ ȊȕțȟȒȈ ǷȍȚȐ

ǻǮ ǵǮǾdz

161
ǷȓȈȒȈȓȈ ȔȈȚȤ ȗȓȈȒȈȓ ȖȚȍȞ ȗȖșȗȍȠȕȖ șȔȈȝȐȊȈȧ șȖ ȡȍ-
ȚȐȕȐșȚȣȝ țșȖȊ ȕȈȉȍȋȈȊȠȐȍ șȓȍȏȣ ǵȍ ȗȓȈȒȈȓȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȚȈ-
ȘȈȧ ȉȈȉȒȈ ǹțșȈȕȕȈ ȌȈ Ȗȕ șȈȔ — ǹȚȈșȤ ǩȎȍȋȈ
ǩȈȉȒȈ-ȚȖ ȊȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȓȈ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ
ȉȣȓȈ șȚȈȘȈ ȋȓțȝȈ Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȠȔȣȋȈȓȈ ȕȖșȖȔ Ȑ ȉȍȋȈȓȈ ȒȘțȋ-
ȓȣȔȐ ȒȘȈșȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȗȖ ȓȐȞȈȔ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȚȍȔȕȣȔ ȐȒȖȕȈȔ
Ȋ țȋȓț Ȑ șȚȍȕȈȔ Ȑȏȉȣ
ǹȚȈșȦ ȗȓȈȒȈȚȤ ȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ ȕȖ Ȗȕ ȍȡȍ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȕȤȒȖ ȕȍ ȗȖ-
ȕȐȔȈȚȤ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȗȓȈȟțȚ ȖȚȍȞ Ȑ ȔȈȚȤ Ȑ ȟȚȖ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ șȚȘȈȠ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȐȓȐ ȋȖȘȍșȚȕȖȋȖ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ șȖșȍȌ ǸțȎȐȞȒȐȑ șȚȈȘȣȑ ǩȎȍȋȈ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȍȔț
Ȋșȍ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖ Ȑ ȊȕȧȚȕȖ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ
ǺȖȋȌȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ǹȚȈșȤ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ ȍȋȖ ȌȊȖȦȘȖȌȕȣȑ ȉȘȈȚ
ǫȎȍșȤ șȒȖȘȖ ȗȘȐȌȍȚ Ȓ ȕȐȔ șȦȌȈ Ȑ șȚȈȕȍȚ șȚȘȍȓȧȚȤ Ȋ ȓȦȌȍȑ
ȚȖȗȚȈȚȤ ȘȖȎȤ Ȑ ȗȖȌȎȐȋȈȚȤ ȝȈȚȣ Ȋ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȍ
ǫȎȍșȤ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȝȖȘȖȠȐȑ ȔȈȓȣȑ DzȘȈșȐȊȣȑ Ȋȍșȍȓȣȑ Ȑ ȓȖȊ-
ȒȐȑ Ƕȕ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ǹȚȈșȦ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȔ ȌȍȘȍȊȍȕșȒȐȔ
ȔȈȓȤȟȐȠȒȈȔ ȋȐȔȕȈșȚȐȒț Ȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ
— ǪȣȘȈșȚȍȚȍ — șȖȒȖȓȈȔȐ ȉțȌȍȚȍ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȐ ȠȚțȒȐ șȈȔȐ
șțȔȍȍȚȍ ȗȘȖȌȍȓȈȚȤ
ǷȖȕȧȓ ǹȚȈșȤ Ȑȏ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈ ȖȚȞȈ ȟȚȖ ǫȎȍșȦ ȈȊșȚȘȐȑșȒȐȍ
ȖȜȐȞȍȘȣ ȊȍȓȍȓȐ ȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ ȐȌȚȐ Ȉ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȗȖȠȓȦȚ ȍȋȖ șȦȌȈ
ǹȚȈșȤ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȊȖȑȕȈ ȟȚȖ ©ȕȈȠȐª ȉȣȖȚ ȕȍȔȞȍȊ ȕȖ
ȕȐȒȈȒ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȗȖȕȧȚȤ ȏȈȟȍȔ Ȏȍ ǫȎȍșȤ ȗȖȑȌȍȚ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ șȊȖȐȝ
— Ǫșȍ ȗȖȓȧȒȐ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȉțȌțȚ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ȘțșșȒȐȍ ȕȈȔ — ȉȘȈȚȤȧ,
Ȕȣ — ȌȍȚȐ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȔȈȚȍȘȐ Ǩ ȖȕȐ ȚȈȔ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦȚ ȐȔ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȕȍ
ȋȖȊȖȘȧȚ Ȑ ȗȖȓȤȍȚșȧ ȕȈȠȈ ȗȖȓȤșȒȈȧ ȒȘȖȊȤ
ǹȚȈșȤ ȚȐȝȖȕȤȒȖ ȏȈȗȓȈȒȈȓ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȓȤȍȚ-
șȧ ȒȘȖȊȤ ǫȎșșȧ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȊȍșȍȓȖȋȖ Ȑ ȌȖȉȘȖȋȖ ȝȓȖȗȞȈ
ǵȐȒȚȖ ȕȈ ǹȚȈșȧ ȕȍ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ Ȋșȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȏȈȕȧȚȣ
ȚȧȎȍȓȣȔȐ ȕȍȊȍșȍȓȣȔȐ ȌțȔȈȔȐ Ȑ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒ ȕȍȏȈȔȍȚȕȖ Ȋȣ-
Ƞȍȓ Ȑȏ Ȑȏȉȣ
ǹȚȈșȤ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȗȖ ȔȍȎȍ șȘȍȌȐ ȘȎȐ Ȉ ȊȗȍȘȍȌȐ ȍȋȖ ȉȍȎȈȓȈ
©dzȐșȒȈª ȎȍȓȚȈȧ șȖȉȈȟȖȕȒȈ ș ȗțȠȐșȚȣȔ ȝȊȖșȚȖȔ șȔȍȠȕȖ
ȔȖȚȈȦȡȐȔșȧ Ȑȏ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț
DzȖȋȌȈ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒ ȏȈșȓȣȠȈȓ ȠțȔ ȘȍȟȒȐ Ȑ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȌțȉȖȊȣȑ
ȓȍș Ȗȕ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ Ȉ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȉȍȏ ȖȋȓȧȌ-
ȒȐ ȗțșȚȐȓșȧ ȉȍȎȈȚȤ Ȓ ȘȍȒȍ

162
ǹȚȈșȤ ȘȍȠȐȓ șȉȍȋȈȚȤ Ȋ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȦ ǫȎȍșȧ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȍȔț Ȑ
ȊșȍȔ ȚȈȔ ȟȚȖ ©ȘțșșȒȐȍ — ȕȈȠȐ ȌȘțȏȤȧª Ȑ ©ȟȚȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȋșȍ
ȗȖȓȧȒȐ ȉțȌțȚ ȊȔȍșȚȍª Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȕȈȌȖ șȚȘȍȓȧȚȤ ȚȖȗȚȈȚȤ ȘȎȐ
Ȑ ȗȖȌȎȐȋȈȚȤ ȝȈȚȣ
ǬȍȘȍȊȕȧ ǫȎȍșȧ ȉȣȓȈ ȏȈ ȘȍȒȖȑ ȊȍȘșȚȈȝ Ȋ ȗȧȚȕȈȌȞȈȚȐ ȖȚ
șȍȓȈ ȋȌȍ ȎȐȓȐ ǩȎȍȋȐ ǸȍȟȒț ȗȖȟȍȔț-ȚȖ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȓȐ ©ȋȘȈȕȐ-
Ȟȍȑª Ȑ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ șȔȍȓ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȍȍ ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌȐȚȤ
ǹȚȈșȤ șȚȖ ȘȈȏ ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌȐȓ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȉȍȘȍȋ Ȑ ȓȖȊȐȓ ȚȈȔ ȗȖȌ
ȒȈȔȕȧȔȐ ȘȈȒȖȊ
ǪȔȍșȚȍ ș ©dzȐșȒȖȑª ȗȍȘȍȠȍȓ Ȗȕ ȗȖ ȒȈȔȕȧȔ ȕȈ ȈȊșȚȘȐȑ-
șȒȐȑ ȉȍȘȍȋ Ȑ ȗȖȉȍȎȈȓ ȗȖ țȏȒȖȑ ȓȍșȕȖȑ ȚȘȖȗȐȕȒȍ
DzȖȋȌȈ țȎȍ șȚȈȓȖ șȔȍȘȒȈȚȤșȧ ©dzȐșȒȈª ȊȌȘțȋ ȏȈȓȈȧȓȈ Ȑ
ȠȈȘȈȝȕțȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȒțșȚȣ ǰșȗțȋȈȕȕȣȑ ǹȚȈșȤ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ ȠȔȣȋ-
ȕțȓ ȏȈ ȕȍȑ Ȋ ȌțȉȕȧȒ Ȑ ȚȈȧșȤ ȗȘȖȉȘȈȓșȧ Ȓ ȕȍȊȣșȖȒȖȑ ȝȖȓ-
ȔȐșȚȖȑ ȋȘȧȌȍ ȊȐȌȕȍȊȠȍȑșȧ ȊȗȍȘȍȌȐ
DzȖȋȌȈ ©dzȐșȒȈª ȗȘȣȋȈȧ Ȑ ȊȐȏȎȈ ȊȣȕȍșȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȝȖȓȔ Ȋ
ȓȍșț ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȏ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȖ Ȑ șțȝȖ ȡȍȓȒȕțȓȖ
ǹȖȉȈȟȖȕȒȈ ȊȌȘțȋ ȊȏȊȐȏȋȕțȓȈ ȏȈȝȘȖȔȈȓȈ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȗȘȐșȍ-
ȓȈ ȗȖȌȎȈȊ ȗȖȌ șȍȉȧ ȖȒȘȖȊȈȊȓȍȕȕțȦ ȗȍȘȍȌȕȦȦ ȓȈȗț Ȑ ȗȘȖ-
ȚȧȎȕȖ ȋȘțșȚȕȖ ȏȈȊȣȓȈ
ǹȚȈșȤ ȕȈȋȕțȓșȧ ȕȈȌ ȕȍȑ ȕȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȒțșȚȖȊ Ȋȣ-
ȉȍȎȈȓȐ șȖȓȌȈȚȣ Ȑ ȒȘțȎȐȓȐ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒȈ
— DzȚȖ Țȣ" ǶȚȒțȌȈ" ǿȚȖ ȕȍșȍȠȤ" — ȏȈșȣȗȈȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȊȖȗȘȖ-
șȈȔȐ șȖȓȌȈȚȣ
ǶȚȖȘȖȗȍȊȠȐȑ șȕȈȟȈȓȈ ǹȚȈșȤ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȐȡȍȚ
Ȗȕ șȊȖȍȋȖ ǫȎȍșȧ Ȑ ȝȖȟȍȚ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȚȤ ȍȔț ȊȈȎȕțȦ ȊȍșȚȤ
ǰ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȗȖȠȓȐ ȊȖȗȘȖșȣ ǹȚȈșȤ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȘțșșȒȐȍ —
ȉȘȈȚȤȧ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȝȖȚȧȚ ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȋșȍ ȗȖȓȧȒȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȊȔȍșȚȍ Ȑ ȟȚȖ
ȕȍ ȕȈȌȖ șȚȘȍȓȧȚȤ Ȋ șȊȖȐȝ Ȑ ȗȖȌȎȐȋȈȚȤ ȝȈȚȣ
ǹȖȓȌȈȚȣ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȓțȠȈȓȐ Ȑ ȌțȔȈȓȐ Ȗ ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ
— Ǩ Țȣ ȕȍ ȉȘȍȠȍȠȤ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȖȌȐȕ
— ǶȚȍȞ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ — ȊȈȎȕȖ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒ Ȑ ȚȘȧȝȕțȓ ȋȖ-
ȓȖȊȖȑ
— ǶȚȍȞ ȕȍ ȉȘȍȠȍȚ"
— ǭșȓȐ ȔȈȓȤȟțȋȈȕ ȗȘȈȊȌț ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ — ȕȈȟȈȓ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖȎȐ-
ȓȖȑ șȖȓȌȈȚ ȕȖ șȘȈȏț ȖȉȖȘȊȈȓ ȘȍȟȤ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȊ ȕȍșȓȣȠȕȖ ȗȖ-
ȌȖȠȍȌȠȖȋȖ ȊȈȝȔȐșȚȘȈ ǺȖȓșȚȖȍ ȓȖșȕȧȡȍȍșȧ ȓȐȞȖ ȍȋȖ ȉȣȓȖ
ȗȖȚȕȖ Ȑ ȒȘȈșȕȣȍ țȏȒȐȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȏȓȖȉȕȖ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ

163
— ǷȖ ȔȍșȚȈȔ — ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ Ȗȕ
ǹȖȓȌȈȚȣ ȘȈȏȉȍȎȈȓȐșȤ Ȉ ȊȈȝȔȐșȚȘ ȌȈȓ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒț ȗȖȌȏȈ-
ȚȣȓȤȕȐȒ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǹȚțȗȈȑ Ȓ ȚȍȔ șȈȘȈȧȔ Ȑ ȎȌȐ Ȕȍȕȧ
ǹȚȈșȤ ȗȖȠȍȓ Ȉ ȊȈȝȔȐșȚȘ șȒȖȘȖ ȌȖȋȕȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȓȖȠȈȌȐ Ȑ
ȔȖȓȟȈ ȗȖȍȝȈȓ ȘȧȌȖȔ
ǻ șȈȘȈȍȊ Ȑȝ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓ ȖȜȐȞȍȘ ǷȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȊ ș ȊȈȝȔȐșȚȘȖȔ
Ȗȕ șȗȘȖșȐȓ ǹȚȈșȧ ȏȈȟȍȔ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ Ȗȕ ȕȈ ȈȊșȚȘȐȑșȒȐȑ ȉȍȘȍȋ"
ǹȚȈșȤ Ȋșȍ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ șȖȓȌȈȚȈȔ Ȑ ȟȚȖ șȓȣȠȈȓ ȖȚ
ȖȚȞȈ ǵȍ șȖȓȋȈȓ Ȑ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ țȚȈȐȓ
ǶȜȐȞȍȘ ȊȚȖȓȒȕțȓ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒȈ Ȋ șȈȘȈȑ Ȑ ȏȈȗȍȘ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȕȈ ȏȈ-
șȖȊ ǹȚȈșȤ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȗȓȈȒȈȓ șȚțȟȈȓ Ȋ ȌȊȍȘȤ Ȑ ȗȘȖșȐȓ ȊȣȗțșȚȐȚȤ
ȍȋȖ ǵȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȖȚȒȓȐȒȕțȓșȧ Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ ȜȣȘȒȈȓȐ șȚȖȧ-
ȡȐȍ ȏȈ șȚȍȕȖȑ ȓȖȠȈȌȐ
ǹȚȍȔȕȍȓȖ ǷȖȧȊȐȓȈșȤ ȓțȕȈ Ȑ șȒȊȖȏȤ ȡȍȓȐ ȌȊȍȘȐ ȊȐȌȍȓ
ǹȚȈșȤ ȟȚȖ ȗȓȣȊȍȚ ȖȕȈ ȗȖ șȍȘȍȉȘȧȕȖȔț ȕȍȉț Ȑ șȔȖȚȘȐȚ ȗȘȧ-
ȔȖ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ǴȈȓȤȟȐȒ ȚȐȝȖ ȏȈȗȓȈȒȈȓ Ƕȕ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȈ
Ȏȍ ȓțȕȈ ȗȓȣȊȍȚ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȕȈȌ ȍȋȖ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȍȑ Ȉ ȚȈȔ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ
ȏȕȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ ȍȋȖ ȏȈȗȍȘȓȐ Ȑ ȕȍ ȗțșȒȈȦȚ ȏȓȣȍ ȈȊșȚȘȐȧȒȐ
ǬȖȓȋȖ ȗȓȈȒȈȚȤ ǹȚȈșȦ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ǫȌȍ-ȚȖ ȊȌȈȓȍȒȍ ȏȈ-
ȚȘȍȡȈȓȈ ȗȍȘȍșȚȘȍȓȒȈ ȌȖȕȍșȓȐșȤ ȒȘȐȒȐ ȓȦȌȍȑ Ȑ ȎȈȓȖȉȕȖȍ
ȘȎȈȕȐȍ ȓȖȠȈȌȍȑ ǷȘȖșȒȈȒȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȒȖȕȧȝ șȖȓȌȈȚȣ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ-
ȚȖ șȖ ȏȊȖȕȖȔ Ȑ ȋȘȖȝȖȚȖȔ ȗȘȖȕȍșȓȖșȤ ȗȖ ȒȖșȖȋȖȘț Ȑ ȊșȓȍȌ ȏȈ
ȥȚȐȔ ȏȈȘȍȊȍȓȐ ȏȈțȝȈȓȐ ȖȘțȌȐȧ Ȑ ȖȚ Ȑȝ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȖȊ ȏȈȘȍȊȖȔ
ȖșȊȍȚȐȓșȧ ȌȈȓȤȕȐȑ ȓȍș Ȑ șȚȖȧȊȠȐȑ ț ȌȖȘȖȋȐ ȊȣșȖȒȐȑ ȗȖȠȈȚ-
ȕțȊȠȐȑșȧ ȒȘȍșȚ
ǪșȦ ȕȖȟȤ Ƞȍȓ ȉȖȑ Ȑ ȔțȟȐȓșȧ ǹȚȈșȤ șȖȔȕȍȕȐȧȔȐ Ȑ ȚȖș-
ȒȖȊȈȓ ȉȖȧșȤ ȟȚȖ ǫȎȍșȤ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȍȡȍ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȚ, ȉț-
ȌȍȚ ȉȐȚȤșȧ ș ©ȕȈȠȐȔȐª Ȉ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȉțȌȍȚ șȚȘȍȓȧȚȤ Ȋ ȖȚȞȈ Ȑ ȔȈȚȤ
Ȋ șȚȈȘțȦ ȉȈȉȒț ǹțșȈȕȕț Ȑ ȗȖȌȖȎȎȍȚ Ȑȝ ȕȖȊțȦ ȓȐȗȖȊțȦ Ȑȏ-
ȉț DzȖȋȌȈ ȕȈ ȊȖșȚȖȒȍ ȏȈȋȖȘȍȓȈșȤ ȏȈȘȧ, ǹȚȈșȤ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȟȚȖ ȓȦ-
ȌȐ ȗȖȌȗȐȘȈȧșȤ ȘțȎȤȧȔȐ ȚȐȝȖ ȉȘȍȓȐ Ȋ ȋȖȘț ȊȌȈȓȐ ȓȍȚȍȓȐ
ȊȖ ȊȍșȤ ȖȗȖȘ ȠȍșȚȍȘȒȐ ȓȖȠȈȌȍȑ Ȑ ȚȧȕțȓȐ ȏȈ șȖȉȖȑ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ
ȧȡȐȒȐ Ȑ ȗțȠȒȐ Ȉ ȕȈȌ ȓȍșȖȔ șȚȖȧȓ șȍȘȣȑ ȌȣȔ. Ǫșȍ ȉȓȐȎȍ Ȑ
ȉȓȐȎȍ ȚȘȍȡȈȓȐ ȟȈșȚȣȍ ȏȈȓȗȣ
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȒȖșȖȋȖȘȈ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ ȈȊșȚȘȐȑșȒȐȍ șȖȓȌȈ-
Țȣ ǶȕȐ ȠȓȐ ȉȣșȚȘȖ Ȑ ȊȘȈȏȉȘȖȌ ȚȖ ȘȈșșȣȗȈȧșȤ ȗȖ ȗȖȓȦ ȚȖ

șȉȐȊȈȧșȤ Ȋ ȚȖȓȗț ȖȚȒțȌȈ ȕȍșșȧ ȚȐȝȐȑ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȕȣȑ ȋțȓ ȋȖȓȖ-
șȖȊDz șȈȘȈȦ ȗȖȌȉȍȎȈȓ ȊȈȝȔȐșȚȘ Ȑ ȌȊȈ șȖȓȌȈȚȈ ș ȚȍȔȕȣȔȐ
ȓȐȞȈȔȐ Ȑ ȟȍȘȕȣȔȐ țșȈȔȐ ǶȕȐ ȊȣȊȍȓȐ ǹȚȈșȧ ȍȓȍ ȌȍȘȎȈȊ-
ȠȍȋȖșȧ ȕȈ ȕȖȋȈȝ ȖȚ țșȚȈȓȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȗȖȊȍȓȐ Ȋ ȓȖȎȉȐȕț ȗȖȘȖș-
ȠțȦ ȐȊȖȑ
ǯȌȍșȤ ȖȕȐ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȓȐ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒȈ ț ȖȚȒȖșȈ Ȑ ȊȌȘțȋ ȗȖȌ-
ȕȧȊ ȘțȎȤȧ ȗȘȐȞȍȓȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȕȍȋȖ
ǹȚȈșȤ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓ Ȓ ȕȐȔ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȑ ș ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȖȔ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ
ȕȈ șȖȓȌȈȚ.
— Feuer! — șȒȖȔȈȕȌȖȊȈȓ ȊȈȝȔȐșȚȘ, ȔȈȝȕțȊ ȘțȒȖȑ
ǫȌȍ-ȚȖ ȊȌȈȓȐ Ȋȍșȍȓȍȍ ȏȈȚȘȍȡȈȓȐ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȣ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȕȖ
ȏȊȍȕȍȓȈ ȚȘțȉȈ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ ȒȘȐȟȈȓȐ ȓȦȌȐ Ȑ Ȋ ȓȖȎȉȐȕȍ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ǹȚȈșȤ
ǵȈ ȒȖșȖȋȖȘ ȊȏȓȍȚȈȓȐ ȒȈȏȈȒȐ ȊșȚȈȊȈȧ ȕȈ șȚȘȍȔȍȕȈȝ Ȑ șȚȘȍ-
ȓȧȧ Ȋ țȉȍȋȈȦȡȐȝ ȈȊșȚȘȐȑȞȍȊ
ǵȖ ǹȚȈșȤ ȥȚȖȋȖ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓ
ǵȈ ȉȓȍȌȕȖȔ ȓȐȞȍ ȍȋȖ ȐȋȘȈȓȐ ȘȖȏȖȊȣȍ Ȑ ȏȖȓȖȚȣȍ ȓțȟȐ
șȖȓȕȞȈ Ȑ ȘȧȌȖȔ șȐȌȍȓȈ ©dzȐșȒȈª Ȑ ȎȈȓȖȉȕȖ ȊȏȊȐȏȋȐȊȈȧ, ȏȈ-
ȓȐȏȣȊȈȓȈ ȗȘȖșȚȘȍȓȍȕȕțȦ ȓȈȗț

165
ǽǾǶǺdzȅǮǻǶȍ
Ǫșȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ ȗțȉȓȐȒțȦȚșȧ ȗȖ ȗȍȘȊȖȐȏȌȈȕȐȧȔ ȖȚȒțȌȈ
ȊȏȧȚȣ Ȑ ȐȓȓȦșȚȘȈȞȐȐ ǶȘȜȖȋȘȈȜȐȧ Ȑ ȗțȕȒȚțȈȞȐȧ ȚȍȒșȚȖȊ ȗȘȐȉ-
ȓȐȎȍȕȣ Ȓ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȔ ȕȖȘȔȈȔ ȉȍȏȖȋȖȊȖȘȖȟȕȖ ȐșȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȣ ȕȍ-
șȖȔȕȍȕȕȣȍ ȖȗȍȟȈȚȒȐ ǰȔȍȕȈ ȋȍȖȋȘȈȜȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȕȈȏȊȈȕȐȧ Ȑ ȚȍȘȔȐ-
ȕȣ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȈȊȐȓȖ ȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȣ ȉȍȏ ȐȏȔȍȕȍȕȐȑ
Ǫ ȉȐȖȋȘ. ȖȟȍȘȒȍ ȐșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȕȣ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȈȓȣ Ǭ DzȍȕȕȈȕȈ Ǫ ǴȐ-
ȝȈȓȖȊșȒȖȋȖ Ǩ DzȖȓȋȈȕȖȊȖȑ Ȑ Ǩ ǸȍȑȚȉȓȈȚȈ Ǩ ǷȖșȈȌșȒȖȊȈ
Ǫ ȖȜȖȘȔȓȍȕȐȐ ȖȉȓȖȎȒȐ ȐșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȕ ȘȐșțȕȖȒ ȖȉȓȖȎȒȐ ȗȍȘ-
ȊȖȋȖ ȘțșșȒȖȋȖ ȐȏȌȈȕȐȧ ȒȕȐȋȐ Ǩ ǶșșȍȕȌȖȊșȒȖȋȖ ǯȊȍȘȐ ȓȦȌȐ Ȑ ȉȖ-
ȋȐ ǸȐȋȈ ȐȏȌ ǫ dz ǩȐȘȒȋȈȕ 

___
ǴȐȘȕȣȍ ȏȈȊȖȍȊȈȚȍȓȐ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȒȈȒ ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȐȏȌ Ƿȋ ȚȐȗ ©ȇȒȖȘȤª  ȗȖȌ
ȗșȍȊȌ ǴȈȘȒ ǿȍȘȚȊȈȕ
ǹ  ȉȖȓȤȠȖȋȖ ȘțșșȒȖȋȖ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ ȕȈ ǺȐȝȖȖȒȍȈȕșȒȖȔ ȗȖȉȍȘȍ-
ȎȤȍ — ǬȈȓȍȍ ǶșșȍȕȌȖȊșȒȐȑ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȖ ȐșȗȖȓȤȏțȍȚ ȚȖȗȖȕȐȔȣ ǪȓȈ-
ȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒȈ ȉțȝȚȈ ǷȈȚȘȖȒȓ ǹȊȍȚȓȈȕșȒȈȧ ǫȕȐȓȖȑ ǻȋȖȓ Ȑ Ț ȗ
ǹ  ... «Veritate ornarmur» — ©ǷȘȈȊȌȈ țȒȘȈȠȈȍȚª ȓȈȚ.).
ǹ  ©ǨȘȚțȘȈ ǸȖȌȗȍȓȧª ©ǽȐȓȤȔȈȕșȈª ©ǬȈȕȋȍȓȐȌȍȘȈª Ȑ
©ǪȐȚȔȈȕȈ-ǩȈțȥȘȕȈȔȍȘȈª — șȔ Ȋ ȗȘȍȌȐșȓȖȊȐȐ
ǹ 33. Mais, mon cher... — ǵȖ ȔȖȑ ȌȖȘȖȋȖȑ ȜȘ.).
ǹ  ©ǷȖȌ dzȐȗȈȔȐª — Ț ȍ ǻȕȚȍȘ-Ȍȍȕ-dzȐȕȌȍȕ
C. 78. șloisonné — ȗȍȘȍȋȖȘȖȌȟȈȚȈȧ ȥȔȈȓȤ ȜȘ.).
ǹ  ȕȈȘȖȌȕȣȝ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȟȐȒ Ȑȏ ȥȚȐȝ ©ȋȖȘȖȌȖȊ ȔțȎȟȐȕª
— șȔ șȖȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊȍȕȕȖ șȚȈȚȤȦ ǶșșȍȕȌȖȊșȒȖȋȖ ǹȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖȍ ȚȊȖȘ-

166
ȟȍșȚȊȖ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȍȊ 
 Ȑ ȘȈșșȒȈȏ ǫȖȘȖȌ ȔțȎȟȐȕ 
 Ȋ ȚȚ I Ȑ
III ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȋȖ ȐȏȌȈȕȐȧ
ǹ  ȞȏȧȕȤ-ȞȏȦȕȧ — Ț ȍ ȋțȉȍȘȕȈȚȖȘȈ
ǹ  ǺȈȒȐȍ șȖȉȣȚȐȧ șȓțȟȐȓȐșȤ ǩȣȓȖ ȥȚȖ ȚȘȐȌȞȈȚȖȋȖ ȖȒ-
ȚȧȉȘȧ — ǵȐȎȍ ȖȗȐșȈȕ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ Ȑ ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȒȘȖȊȈȊȣȑ ȗȖ-
ȋȘȖȔ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȕȣȑ ȊȖ ǪȓȈȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒȍ - ȖȒȚ  ȋȖȌȈ ȊȖȏ-
ȔțȚȐȊȠȐȔȐșȧ șȖȓȌȈȚȈȔȐ Ȑ ȋȖȘȖȌșȒȖȑ ȟȍȘȕȤȦ
ǹ  .ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȍ ȏȌȈȕȐȍ țȒȘȈȠȍȕȕȖȍ ȌȖȘȖȋȖȑ ȖȉȓȐȞȖȊȒȖȑ Ȑ
șȊȍȘȒȈȦȡȍȍ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȤȕȣȔȐ ȖȒȕȈȔȐ — ȐȔȍȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȊȐȌț ȗȖșȚȘȖȍȕȕȖȍ
Ȋ - ȋȋ ȗȖ ȗȘȖȍȒȚț ȈȘȝȐȚȍȒȚȖȘȈ ǫ. ȆȕȋȝȍȕȌȍȓȧ ȏȌȈȕȐȍ țȕȐ-
ȊȍȘșȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȔȈȋȈȏȐȕȈ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ ©DzțȕșȚ Ȑ ǨȓȤȉȍȘșª ȕȈ țȓ
ǹȊȍȚȓȈȕșȒȖȑ ȊȖ ǪȓȈȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒȍ ȕȣȕȍ ǫǻǴ
ǹ  ǹȊȍȕȖȔ ǫȍȌȐȕȖȔ — ǯȕȈȔȍȕȐȚȣȑ ȠȊȍȌșȒȐȑ ȗțȚȍȠȍ-
șȚȊȍȕȕȐȒ ǹ ǫȍȌȐȕ -
 ȉȣȓ ȗȈȕȋȍȘȔȈȕȐșȚȖȔ Ȑ Ȋ ȗȍȘȐȖȌ
ǷȍȘȊȖȑ ȔȐȘȖȊȖȑ ȊȖȑȕȣ ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȓ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȦ ȒȈȒ ȊȗȖșȓȍȌșȚ-
ȊȐȐ ȕȈȞȐșȚȖȊ Ǫ  ȋ ǫȍȌȐȕ ȊȣșȚțȗȐȓ ș ȒȘȐȚȐȒȖȑ Ȓȕ ǶșșȍȕȌȖȊ-
șȒȖȋȖ ǯȊȍȘȐ ȓȦȌȐ ȉȖȋȐ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȍȌȊȈ ȓȐ ȏȕȈȓ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ȌȈȊȕȍȔ Ȋȣ-
ȗȈȌȍ ǶșșȍȕȌȖȊșȒȖȋȖ
ǹ  ǪȐȓȤȋȍȓȤȔ ǶșȚȊȈȓȤȌ — Ǫ ǶșȚȊȈȓȤȌ 3-1932) —
ȊȣȌȈȦȡȐȑșȧ ȝȐȔȐȒ Ȑȏ ȖșȚȏȍȑșȒȐȝ ȕȍȔȞȍȊ ȜȐȓȖșȖȜ ȓȈțȘȍȈȚ ǵȖ-
ȉȍȓȍȊșȒȖȑ ȗȘȍȔȐȐ ȗȖ ȝȐȔȐȐ 
 Ǫ ȗȘȍȌȊȖȍȕȕȣȍ ȋȖȌȣ ȉȣȓ ȉȓȐ-
ȏȖȒ Ȓ ȔȐȘȕȖȔț ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȦ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȗȖșȓȍ ȕȈȟȈȓȈ ǷȍȘȊȖȑ ȔȐȘȖȊȖȑ
ȊȖȑȕȣ ȊȣșȚțȗȐȓ Ȋ ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȒț ȗȖȏȐȞȐȐ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȐ
ǹ  șȣȕ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȖȋȖ ȔȈȚȘȖșȈ — ǶȚȍȞ Ǩ ǨȓȤȉȍȘșȈ ǫțșȚȈȊ,
șȖȖșȕȖȊȈȚȍȓȤ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ ©DzțȕșȚ Ȑ ǨȓȤȉȍȘșª ȖȒȖȓȖ  ȓȍȚ ȗȓȈ-
ȊȈȓ ȕȈ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȝ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȣȝ șțȌȈȝ șȗȍȘȊȈ ȒȈȒ ȦȕȋȈ Ȑ ȔȈȚȘȖș ȗȖȏȌ-
ȕȍȍ Ȋ ȒȈȟȍșȚȊȍ ȠȚțȘȔȈȕȈ
ǹ  ȊȍȓȐȒȐȑ ȗȘȐȏȘȈȒ șȓȈȊȧȕșȒȖȋȖ ȊȐȚȧȏȧ — ǶșșȍȕȌȖȊ-
șȒȐȑ ȒȈȒ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȤșȚȊțȍȚ șȓȍȌțȦȡȍȍ ȌȈȓȍȍ ȖȗȐșȈȕȐȍ ȉȣșȚȘȖ
ȖșȖȏȕȈȓ ȊȖȏȕȐȒȠȐȑ ș ȕȈȟȈȓȖȔ ȊȖȑȕȣ șȗȘȖș ȕȈ ȔȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȖ-ȈȋȐ-
ȚȈȞȐȖȕȕțȦ ȊȖȍȕȕțȦ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȒț ȗȘȐȔȍȘȈȔȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȔȖȋțȚ șȓț-
ȎȐȚȤ ȖȗțȉȓȐȒȖȊȈȕȕȣȍ Ȋ ȌȈȕȕȖȔ ȚȖȔȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣ ǺȍȕȤ ȏȈ ȖȒȖȗȖȔ
Ȑ ǻșȓȣȠȈȕȕȣȍ ȔȖȓȐȚȊȣ
ǹ  ȗȖȓȍ ǫȘȦȕȊȈȓȤȌȈ — ȘȍȟȤ ȐȌȍȚ Ȗ ǫȘȦȕȊȈȓȤȌșȒȖȑ ȉȐȚ-

Ȋȍ  ȐȦȓȧ  ȋ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȗȖȓȤșȒȖ-ȓȐȚȖȊșȒȐȍ șȐȓȣ ȘȈȏȋȘȖȔȐ-
ȓȐ ȊȖȑșȒȈ ǺȍȊȚȖȕșȒȖȋȖ ȖȘȌȍȕȈ
ǺȍȕȤ ȏȈ ȖȒȖȗȖȔ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǨȘȋțș  ȹ 
ǻșȓȣȠȈȕȕȣȍ ȔȖȓȐȚȊȣ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ dzțȒȖȔȖȘȤȍ.  ȹ 41, 10 ȖȒȚȧȉȘȧ.
ǵȈ ȏȈȘȍ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ dzțȒȖȔȖȘȤȍ  ȹ   ȕȖȧȉȘȧ

169
ǸțșșȒȖȋȖ ȋȍȖȋȘȈȜȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȈ șȖșȚȖȧȓ ȚȈȒȎȍ Ȋ ǶȉȡȍșȚȊȍ
ȐȏțȟȍȕȐȧ ǨȔțȘșȒȖȋȖ ȒȘȈȧ
ǹ  ȋ ǶșșȍȕȌȖȊșȒȐȑ ȏȈȊȍȌȖȊȈȓ ȝȐȔȐȒȖ-ȔȍȝȈȕȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȓȈ-
ȉȖȘȈȚȖȘȐȍȑ ǻȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȧ DzȐȚȈȑșȒȖ-ǪȖșȚȖȟȕȖȑ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȖȑ ȌȖȘȖȋȐ Ȋ ǽȈȘ-
ȉȐȕȍ Ȑ ȗȖ ȗȖȘțȟȍȕȐȦ ȈȘȔȍȑșȒȐȝ ȊȓȈșȚȍȑ ȐȏțȟȈȓ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȐ Ȑș-
ȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȔȍșȚȕȣȝ ȔȐȕȍȘȈȓȖȊ Ȑ ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȑ Ȋ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȝ Ȟȍȓȧȝ Ǫ
1900-ȝ ȋȋ ȖȗțȉȓȐȒȖȊȈȓ ȘȧȌ șȚȈȚȍȑ Ȋ ȘȖșșȐȑșȒȐȝ Ȑ ȏȈȘțȉȍȎȕȣȝ ȕȈțȟ-
ȕȣȝ ȎțȘȕȈȓȈȝ
Ǫ ȖȒȚȧȉȘȍ  – ȧȕȊȈȘȍ  ȋ ǶșșȍȕȌȖȊșȒȐȑ ȊȖȏȋȓȈȊȓȧȓ șȚȈ-
ȟȍȟȕȣȑ ȒȖȔȐȚȍȚ DzǪǮǬ ȉȣȓ ȈȘȍșȚȖȊȈȕ Ȋ ȧȕȊȈȘȍ  ȋ Ȑ ȗȘȐȋȖȊȖ-
Șȍȕ Ȓ ȗȖȓțȚȖȘȈ ȋȖȌȈȔ ȚȦȘȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȧ ǪȣȑȌȧ Ȑȏ ȚȦȘȤȔȣ
ȖșȍȕȤȦ  ȋ ǶșșȍȕȌȖȊșȒȐȑ ȗȍȘȍȉȘȈȓșȧ Ȋ DzȐȍȊ ȋȌȍ Ȋ  ȋ ȕȍș-
ȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȍșȧȞȍȊ șȖșȚȖȧȓ ȚȍȝȕȐȟȍșȒȐȔ ȌȐȘȍȒȚȖȘȖȔ ȈșȜȈȓȤȚȖȊȖȑ ȜȈȉ-
ȘȐȒȐ Ǫ  ȋ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȋ ǷȍȚȍȘȉțȘȋ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȓ ȎțȘȕȈȓț ǸțșșȒȖȍ
ȉȖȋȈȚșȚȊȖ ȗȖȊȍșȚȤ dzȦȌșȒȈȧ ȗȣȓȤ ȖȗȐșȣȊȈȊȠțȦ ȉȣȚ Ȑ ȕȘȈȊȣ ȚȦȘȤ-
Ȕȣ ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȘȍȌȈȒȚȖȘ ȎțȘȕȈȓȈ Ǫ ǫ DzȖȘȖȓȍȕȒȖ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȊȈȧ ȏȈ ȈȊȚȖ-
ȘȖȔ ©ȕȍșȖȔȕȍȕȕȣȍ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȒȐ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȕȖȋȖ ȌȈȘȖȊȈȕȐȧª ȖȚȒȓȖȕȐȓ
ȗȖȊȍșȚȤ ȕȈ ȚȖȔ ȖșȕȖȊȈȕȐȐ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ Ȋ ȖșȕȖȊȕȖȔ șȖȌȍȘȎȈȓȈ ©ȐȏȊȍșȚ-
ȕȣȑ țȎȍ ȊșȍȔ ȚȦȘȍȔȕȖ-ȉȣȚȖȊȖȑ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȈȓª ǪȣȗțȡȍȕȕȈȧ ȖȚȌȍȓȤ-
ȕȣȔ ȐȏȌȈȕȐȍȔ Ȋ  ȋ ȗȖȊȍșȚȤ ȉȣȓȈ ȐȏȢȧȚȈ Ȑ țȕȐȟȚȖȎȍȕȈ Ȟȍȕȏț-
ȘȖȑ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ țȞȍȓȍȊȠȐȝ ȥȒȏȍȔȗȓȧȘȖȊ ȌȖȠȍȓ ȌȖ dz ǺȖȓșȚȖȋȖ ȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȑ ȖȚȕȍșșȧ Ȓ ȒȕȐȋȍ ș ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȔ Ǫ  ȋ ǶșșȍȕȌȖȊșȒȐȑ ȗȍȘȍȐȏȌȈȓ
ȗȖȊȍșȚȤ ȗȖȌ ȕȈȏȊȈȕȐȍȔ Ǫ ȓȦȌșȒȖȑ ȗȣȓȐ.
Ǫ  ȋ ȖȌȕȖȈȒȚȕȈȧ ȗȤȍșȈ ǶșșȍȕȌȖȊșȒȖȋȖ ǮȍȘȚȊȈ ȚȈȑȋȐ ȉȣȓȈ
ș țșȗȍȝȖȔ ȗȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȈ Ȋ dzȐȚȍȑȕȖȔ ȚȍȈȚȘȍ Ǫ Ǩ DzȈȏȈȕșȒȖȋȖ Ǫ -
 ȋȋ ǶșșȍȕȌȖȊșȒȐȑ ȘȍȌȈȒȚȐȘȖȊȈȓ ȗȖȓȤșȒțȦ ȋȈȏȍȚț Dziennik Pe-
tersburgski, ș  ȋ ȈȒȚȐȊȕȖ ȗȍȟȈȚȈȓ ȗȖȊȍșȚȐ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣ Ȑ ȖȟȍȘ-
ȒȐ Ȋ ȗȘȐȓȖȎȍȕȐȧȝ Ȓ ǵȐȊȍ ȎțȘȕ ǵȖȊȖȍ șȓȖȊȖ Ȑ ǵȖȊȣȑ ȎțȘȕȈȓ
Ȍȓȧ Ȋșȍȝ, ǴȐȘ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȑ ©ȚȖȕȒȐȝª ȐȓȓȦșȚȘȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȝ ȎțȘ-
ȕȈȓȈȝ ǨȘȋțș, ǶȋȖȕȍȒ, ǹȐȕȐȑ ȎțȘȕȈȓ, ǪȍșȤ ȔȐȘ ǮȐȏȕȤ Ȑ șțȌ Ȑ ȌȘ,
ȗțȉȓȐȞȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȍ șȚȈȚȤȐ Ȋ ȋȈȏ ǩȐȘȎȍȊȣȍ ȊȍȌȖȔȖșȚȐ Ȋ  ȋ
ȌȊȍ ȍȋȖ ȗțȉȓȐȒȈȞȐȐ Ȗ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȖȑ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȍ ȗȖȧȊȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ǨȗȖȓ-
ȓȖȕȍ.
Ǫ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȧȝ ǶșșȍȕȌȖȊșȒȖȋȖ ȥȚȐȝ ȓȍȚ ȊȣȌȍȓȧȍȚșȧ șȍȘȐȧ
ȘȈșșȒȈȏȖȊ Ȗ ȏȖȓȖȚȣȝ ȗȘȐȐșȒȈȝ Ȑ ȌȈȓȤȕȍȊȖșȚȖȟȕȖȔ ȉȣȚȍ ȋȍȘȖȧ-
ȔȐ ȍȋȖ ȟȈșȚȖ șȚȈȕȖȊȧȚșȧ ȓȦȌȐ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȗȖșȚȈȊȓȧȦȡȐȍ șȍȉȧ Ȗȉ-
ȡȍșȚȊț ǵȈȘȧȌț ș ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ ȔȐșȚȐȒȖ-ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȔȐ Ȑ ȗȘȐ-
ȒȓȦȟȍȕȟȍșȒȐȔȐ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȔȐ ȕȈȐȉȖȓȤȠȐȑ ȐȕȚȍȘȍș Ȍȓȧ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȟȐȚȈȚȍȓȧ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȦȚ ȕȈțȟȕȖ-ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȗȖȊȍșȚȐ -
 ȋȋ ǩȘȐȋ ©ǻȎȈșª ǮȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȊȖșșȚȈȊȠȐȍ Ȑ ȗȖȉȍȎȌȍȕȕȣȍ Ȑ
ǫȘȧȌțȡȈȧ ȉȖȘȤȉȈ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȐȊȠȐȍ ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȧȔ dz ǫȍȓȓȍȘ Ǩ DzȖȓ-
ȋȈȕȖȊȈ Ȑ Ǩ ǸȍȑȚȉȓȈȚ ǰ ǽȈȓȣȔȉȈȌȎȈ) ȗȘȐȟȐșȓȐȚȤ ǶșșȍȕȌȖȊșȒȖȋȖ

170
Ȓ ȏȈȟȐȕȈȚȍȓȧȔ ǵǼ Ȋ ǸȖșșȐȐ Ȑ șȟȐȚȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ ȖȌȕȐȔȐ Ȑȏ
ȗȍȘȊȣȝ Ȋ ȘțșșȒȖȑ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȍ ȈȕȚȐțȚȖȗȐȑ
dzȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȖȑ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȔȕȖȋȖȟȐșȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȏȈȕȧȚȐȧ ǶșșȍȕȌȖȊ-
șȒȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȐșȟȍȘȗȣȊȈȓȐșȤ Ǫ ȒȕȐȋȍ ǰșȚȖȘȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ȏȈȗȐșȒȈ Ȑȏ-
ȌȈȕȕȈȧ ȒȖ ȌȕȦ ȗȧȚȐȌȍșȧȚȐȓȍȚȐȧ ǹ-ǷȍȚȍȘȉțȘȋșȒȖȑ ȀȍșȚȖȑ
ȋȐȔȕȈȏȐȐ ǹǷȉ 
 ǶșșȍȕȌȖȊșȒȐȑ ȖȏȕȈȟȍȕ șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȔ Ȗȉ-
ȘȈȏȖȔ ©2IILFLHU G
$FDGHPLH ǻȗȘȈȊȓȧȦȡȐȑ ȌȍȓȈȔȐ ǷȖșȚȖȧȕ-
ȕȖȑ șȖȊȍȡȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȒȖȕȚȖȘȣ ȏȖȓȖȚȖ- Ȑ ȗȓȈȚȐȕȖȗȘȖȔȣȠȓȍȕȕȐ-
ȒȖȊ ǿȓȍȕ DzȖȔȐȚȍȚȈ șȖȊȍȚȈ șȢȍȏȌȖȊ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȍȑ ȗȘȖȔȣȠ-
ȓȍȕȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȓȐ DzȖȕșțȓȤȚȈȕȚ ǴȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȔȐȕȐșȚȍȘșȚȊȈ ȗȖ
ȊȖȗȘȖșȈȔ ȚȖȊȈȘȖȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ ǸȍȌȈȒȚȖȘ ȚȍȝȕȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȎțȘȕȈȓȈ ³ǯȖ-
ȓȖȚȖ Ȑ ȗȓȈȚȐȕȈ´ Ȑ ȋȈȏȍȚȣ ³ǩȐȘȎȍȊȣȍ ȊȍȌȖȔȖșȚȐ´ ǿȓȍȕ dzȐȚȍ-
ȘȈȚțȘȕȖȋȖ ȜȖȕȌȈ ǹȖȦȏȈ ȌȘȈȔȈȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ Ȑ ȔțȏȣȒȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȗȐșȈȚȍ-
ȓȍȑ ǼȐȏȐȒȖ-ȝȐȔȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȈ ǶȉȡȍșȚȊȈ ȕȈȘȖȌȕȣȝ țȕȐȊȍȘ-
șȐȚȍȚȖȊª ǷȘȐȔȍȘȕȖ Țȍ Ȏȍ șȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ ȏȕȈȟȈȚșȧ Ȋ șȗȘȈȊȖȟȕȐȒȍ ǪȍșȤ
ǷȍȚȘȖȋȘȈȌ ȕȈ  ȋ ȋȌȍ ǶșșȍȕȌȖȊșȒȐȑ țȎȍ ȏȈȗȐșȈȕ ȒȈȒ ȟȓȍȕ
ȘȍȌȈȒȞȐȐ șțȊȖȘȐȕșȒȖȋȖ ǪȍȟȍȘȕȍȋȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ.
Ǫ ȋȖȌȣ ǷȍȘȊȖȑ ȔȐȘȖȊȖȑ ȊȖȑȕȣ ǶșșȍȕȌȖȊșȒȐȑ ȕȈȗȍȟȈȚȈȓ
ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȝ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȖȊ Ȋ ȎțȘȕ ǨȘȋțș Ȑ dzțȒȖȔȖȘȤȍ ȕȖ
Ȋ ȖșȕȖȊȕȖȔ ȉȣȓ ȏȈȕȧȚ ȕȈȗȐșȈȕȐȍȔ ȔȕȖȋȖȟȐșȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȗȈȚȘȐȖ-
ȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ Ȑ ȋȍȘȔȈȕȖȜȖȉșȒȐȝ șȚȈȚȍȑ Ȍȓȧ ǪȍȟȍȘȕȍȋȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ Ȑ ȌȘ
ȋȈȏȍȚ ǴȕȖȋȐȍ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȗȖȌ ȗșȍȊȌ Ǩ ǴȏțȘȈ
 ȉȣȓȐ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȣ
ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȌȈȓȤȕȍȊȖșȚȖȟȕȖȋȖ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ ©DzțȕșȚ Ȑ ǨȓȤȉȍȘșª ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȑ ǶșșȍȕȌȖȊșȒȐȑ ȗȣȚȈȓșȧ ȠȈȕȚȈȎȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ ȒțȓȤȔȐȕȈȞȐȍȑ
ȥȚȖȑ ȒȓȍȊȍȚȕȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȒȈȔȗȈȕȐȐ șȚȈȓȈ șȒȈȕȌȈȓȤȕȈȧ ȗȖȊȍșȚȤ ǴȐȘ-
ȕȣȍ ȏȈȊȖȍȊȈȚȍȓȐ (1915), ȊȣȗțȡȍȕȕȈȧ ǶșșȍȕȌȖȊșȒȐȔ ȗȖȌ ȗșȍȊȌȖȕȐ-
ȔȖȔ ǴȈȘȒ ǿȍȘȚȊȈȕ
ǷȖșȓȍ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȐ ȗȘȐ țȟȈșȚȐȐ ȒȖȓȓȍȋȐ ȗȖ ǪȍȟȍȘȕȍȔț ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ
ǭ ǹȍȔȍȕȖȊȈ ǶșșȍȕȌȖȊșȒȐȑ șȜȈȉȘȐȒȖȊȈȓ Ț ȕȈȏ ©ȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚȣ ǹȐș-
șȖȕȈª ȧȒȖȉȣ ȌȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȊȠȐȍ șȊȧȏȐ ȉȖȓȤȠȍȊȐșȚșȒȖȋȖ ȘțȒȖȊȖȌșȚȊȈ
ș ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȔ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖȔ
Ǫ ȕȈȟȈȓȍ  ȋ ǶșșȍȕȌȖȊșȒȐȑ ȗȘȐȉȣȓ Ȋ ǺȖȔșȒ ȋȌȍ ȊȖȠȍȓ Ȋ
ȖȒȘțȎȍȕȐȍ ǫ ǵ ǷȖȚȈȕȐȕȈ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȗȍȘȍȉȘȈȓșȧ Ȋ ǶȔșȒ ȋȌȍ șȚȈȓ ȟȐ-
ȕȖȊȕȐȒȖȔ Ȑ ȟȓȍȕȖȔ șȖȊȍȚȈ ǴȐȕȐșȚȍȘșȚȊȈ ȜȐȕȈȕșȖȊ ȗȘȖȔȣȠȓȍȕ-
ȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȓȐ Ȑ ȟȓȍȕȖȔ țȟȍȕȖȋȖ șȖȊȍȚȈ ǴȐȕȐșȚȍȘșȚȊȈ șȍȓȤș-
ȒȖȋȖ ȝȖȏȧȑșȚȊȈ ȒȖȓȟȈȒȖȊșȒȖȋȖ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ ȘȍȌȈȒȚȐȘȖȊȈȓ ȎțȘȕ
ǪȍșȚȕȐȒ ȜȐȕȈȕșȖȊ ȗȘȖȔȣȠȓȍȕȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȓȐ Ȑ ȗȘȍȗȖȌȈȊȈȓ
ȝȐȔȐȦ Ȋ ȗȖȓȐȚȍȝȕȐȟȍșȒȖȔ Ȑ șȍȓȤșȒȖȝȖȏȧȑșȚȊȍȕȕȖȔ ȐȕșȚȐȚț-
ȚȈȝ ǹ ȔȈȧ  ȋ ȧȊȓȧȓșȧ șȖȚȘțȌȕȐȒȖȔ Ȑ ȏȈȊȍȌțȦȡȐȔ ȗȖȌȖȚȌȍ-
ȓȖȔ ȗȍȟȈȚȐ ǶșȊȍȌȖȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ țȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȗȘȐ ȠȚȈȉȍ ǪȍȘȝȖȊȕȖ-
ȋȖ ǫȓȈȊȕȖȒȖȔȈȕȌțȦȡȍȋȖ (ǶșȊȍȌȊȍȘȝ).

171
Ǫ ȕȖȧȉȘȍ  ȋ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȥȠȍȓȖȕȖȔ ǶșȊȍȌȊȍȘȝȈ ȥȊȈȒțȐȘȖȊȈȓ-
șȧ ȕȈ ȊȖșȚȖȒ Ȋ ȕȈȟȈȓȍ ȧȕȊȈȘȧ  ȋ ȗȖȌ țȋȘȖȏȖȑ ȈȘȍșȚȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ-
ȊȐȒȈȔȐ ȉȍȎȈȓ Ȑȏ DzȘȈșȕȖȧȘșȒȈ ȟȍȘȍȏ ǽȈȒȈșȐȦ Ȑ ǻȘȧȕȝȈȑșȒȐȑ
ȒȘȈȑ Ȋ ǴȖȕȋȖȓȐȦ Ȋ ǻȘȋȍ ȗȖȏȕȈȒȖȔȐȓșȧ ș ©ȒȘȖȊȈȊȣȔ ȉȈȘȖȕȖȔª Ǹ
Ǽ ǻȕȋȍȘȕȖȔ ȜȖȕ ȀȚȍȘȕȉȍȘȋȖȔ ǰȏ ǴȖȕȋȖȓȐȐ ǶșșȍȕȌȖȊșȒȐȑ ȕȈ-
ȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ Ȋ ǽȈȘȉȐȕ Ȑ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȊȖ ǪȓȈȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒ ȖȚȒțȌȈ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȇȗȖ-
ȕȐȦ ȗȍȘȍȉȘȈȓșȧ Ȋ ǹȀǨ
ǩȍȓȓȍȚȘȐȏȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȖȍ ȐȏȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ȔȖȕȋȖȓȤșȒȖȑ ȖȌȐșșȍȐ Beasts,
Men and Gods (dzȦȌȐ ȏȊȍȘȐ Ȑ ȉȖȋȐ, N.Y., 1922
 ȕȈȗȐșȈȕȕȖȍ ș
ȗȖȔȖȡȤȦ ȈȔȍȘȐȒȈȕșȒȖȋȖ ȎțȘȕȈȓȐșȚȈ dz ǹ ǷȈȓȍȕȈ ȗȘȐȕȍșȓȖ
ǶșșȍȕȌȖȊșȒȖȔț ȊșȍȔȐȘȕțȦ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖșȚȤ Ǵȍȕȍȍ ȟȍȔ ȏȈ ȋȖȌ ȕȈ Ȉȕȋ-
ȓȐȑșȒȖȔ ȧȏȣȒȍ ȊȣȠȓȖ ȌȍȊȧȚȤ ȐȏȌȈȕȐȑ ȒȕȐȋȐ ȊșȒȖȘȍ ȗȖȧȊȐȓȐșȤ
ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌȣ ȕȈ ȔȕȖȋȖȟȐșȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑșȒȐȍ ȧȏȣȒȐ ȘțșșȒȐȑ ȗȍȘ
ȊȣȠȍȓ Ȋ ǸȐȋȍ Ȋ  ȋ

ǿȐȚȈȚȍȓȍȑ ȏȈȊȖȘȈȎȐȊȈȓ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȉȘȈȏ ȗȖȓțȉȍȏțȔȕȖȋȖ ȔȐ-
șȚȐȒȈ Ȑ țȉȐȑȞȣ ǻȕȋȍȘȕȈ ȕȖ Ȑ ȖȒȒțȓȤȚȕȣȍ șȚȘȈȕȐȞȣ șȖȟȐȕȍȕȐȧ
ǶșșȍȕȌȖȊșȒȖȋȖ Ȋ ȟȈșȚȕȖșȚȐ ȓȍȋȍȕȌȣ Ȗ ȗȖȌȏȍȔȕȖȔ ȞȈȘșȚȊȍ ǨȋȈȘȚȍ
ǨȋȈȘȚȝȐ
 ǶșșȍȕȌȖȊșȒȐȑ ȏȈȐȔșȚȊȖȊȈȊ Ȑȝ Ȑȏ ȒȕȐȋȐ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȖ-
ȋȖ ȖȒȒțȓȤȚȐșȚȈ Ǯ ǹȍȕȚ-ǰȊȈ Ȍ¶ǨȓȤȊȍȑȌȘȈ ǴȐșșȐȧ ǰȕȌȐȐ Ȋ ǭȊ-
ȘȖȗȍ (1910) ȜȈȒȚȐȟȍșȒȐ ȗȍȘȊȣȔ ȗȖȏȕȈȒȖȔȐȓ ș ȕȐȔȐ ȠȐȘȖȒțȦ
ȗțȉȓȐȒț Ȑ ȗȖȊȓȐȧȓ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȗȓȈȕȍ ȕȈ ǵ ǸȍȘȐȝȈ Ȑ Ǹ ǫȍȕȖȕȈ
ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ț ǶșșȍȕȌȖȊșȒȖȋȖ ȕȈȠȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȊȓȐȧȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȒȘȐȚȐȒȐ
Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȐșȓȍ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȚȣȑ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒ ǹ ǫȍȌȐȕ ȖȉȊȐȕȧȊȠȐȍ
ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȧ Ȋ ȊȣȔȣșȓȈȝ Ȑ ȋȍȖȋȘȈȜȐȟȍșȒȐȝ Ȑ ȥȚȕȖȋȘȈȜȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȕȍ-
ȚȖȟȕȖșȚȧȝ Ȋ  ȋ ǫȍȌȐȕ ȌȈȎȍ ȗȖșȊȧȚȐȓ ȥȚȖȔț ȊȖȗȘȖșț ȒȕȐȋț
Ossendowski und die Wahrheit). ǶșșȍȕȌȖȊșȒȐȑ Ȋ ȖȚȊȍȚ ȖȉȊȐȕȧȓ
șȊȖȐȝ ȒȘȐȚȐȒȖȊ Ȋ ȉȓȐȏȖșȚȐ Ȓ ȉȖȓȤȠȍȊȐȒȈȔ
ǷȘȖȊȍȌȧ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȋȖȌȈ Ȋ ǹȀǨ ǶșșȍȕȌȖȊșȒȐȑ ȗȍȘȍȍȝȈȓ Ȋ ǷȖȓȤ-
Ƞț ȋȌȍ ȊȖșșȖȍȌȐȕȐȓșȧ — Ȑ ȊșȒȖȘȍ ȘȈȏȊȍȓșȧ — șȖ șȊȖȍȑ ȗȍȘȊȖȑ Ȏȍ-
ȕȖȑ Ǩ ǵ ǩȖȋȖȓȦȉșȒȖȑ ȌȖȟȍȘȤȦ ȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒȈ ǺȖȔșȒȖȋȖ ȋȖȘȕȖȋȖ
țȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȧ ǭȋȖ ȕȖȊȖȑ ȎȍȕȖȑ șȚȈȓȈ ȊȌȖȊȈȧ șȒȘȐȗȈȟȒȈ Ȑ ȗȘȍȗȖ-
ȌȈȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȐȞȈ ȔțȏȣȒȐ ǯ ǰȊȈȕȖȊșȒȈȧ-ǷȓȖȠȒȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȤ țȊ-
ȓȍȒȈȓșȧ ȍȡȍ Ȋ ȕȈȟȈȓȍ -ȝ ȋȋ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȘȍȉȣȊȈȕȐȧ Ȋ ǺȖȔșȒȍ
ǷȖȓȤșȒȐȍ ȋȖȌȣ ǶșșȍȕȌȖȊșȒȖȋȖ — ȥȚȖ ȐșȚȖȘȐȧ ȔȕȖȋȖȟȐșȓȍȕ-
ȕȣȝ șȊȣȠȍ șȍȔȐ ȌȍșȧȚȒȖȊ
 ȒȕȐȋ ȊȣȌȊȐȕțȊȠȐȝ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊȣȍ Șȧ-
Ȍȣ ȗȖȗțȓȧȘȕȣȝ ȗȖȓȤșȒȐȝ ȗȘȖȏȈȐȒȖȊ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȊȍȌȍȕȕȣȝ ȕȈ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ
ȧȏȣȒȖȊ ǹȘȍȌȐ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȑ — ȔȍȔțȈȘȕȣȍ ȒȕȐȋȐ Ȑ ȖȟȍȘȒȐ Ȗ
ǸȖșșȐȐ Ȓȕ dzȍȕȐȕ 
 ȗțȚȍȊȣȍ ȏȈȗȐșȒȐ ȥȒȏȖȚȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȕȖȊȍȓȓȣ
Ȑ ȗȖȊȍșȚȐ ȕȈȊȍȧȕȕȣȍ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȧȔȐ ȗȖ ǨȜȘȐȒȍ ǩȓȐȎȕȍȔț ǪȖș-
ȚȖȒț Ȑ ǨȏȐȐ ȐșȚȖȘȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȗȖȊȍșȚȐ Ȗ ȗȖȓȤșȒȖȑ șȚȈȘȐȕȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍ-
ȕȐȧ Ȍȓȧ Ȧȕȣȝ ȟȐȚȈȚȍȓȍȑ Ȑ ȖȟȍȘȒȐ șȚȘȈȕșȚȊȐȑ ȗȖ ȏȈȗȖȊȍȌȕȣȔ țȋȖȓ-
ȒȈȔ ǷȖȓȤȠȐ

Ǫ ȋȖȌȣ ȕȈȞȐșȚșȒȖȑ ȖȒȒțȗȈȞȐȐ ǶșșȍȕȌȖȊșȒȐȑ ȗȘȐșȖȍȌȐȕȐȓșȧ Ȓ
ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȦ șȖȗȘȖȚȐȊȓȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȗȖȌȗȖȓȤȕȖȑ ǵȈȞȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȗȈȘȚȐȐ ȘȈȏ-
ȘȈȉȈȚȣȊȈȧ ȗȘȖȋȘȈȔȔȣ ȖȉțȟȍȕȐȧ ȔȖȓȖȌȍȎȐ Ȋ ȉțȌțȡȍȑ ȖșȊȖȉȖȎȌȍȕ-
ȕȖȑ ǷȖȓȤȠȍ
ǷȐșȈȚȍȓȤ șȒȖȕȟȈȓșȧ  ȧȕȊȈȘȧ  ȋ Ȋ ȋȖșȗȐȚȈȓȍ ǫȘȖȌȏȐșȒȈ-ǴȈ-
ȏȖȊȍȞȒȖȋȖ Ȑ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȝȖȘȖȕȍȕ ȕȈ ȒȓȈȌȉȐȡȍ ǴȐȓȧȕțȊȍȒȈ ȉȓȐȏ ǪȈȘȠȈ-
Ȋȣ ǹȖȋȓȈșȕȖ ȗȖȓȤșȒȐȔ ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒȈȔ ȔȖȋȐȓȈ ǶșșȍȕȌȖȊșȒȖȋȖ ȉȣȓȈ
ȊșȒȖȘȍ ȊșȒȘȣȚȈ șȖȊȍȚșȒȐȔȐ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȈȔȐ ȎȍȓȈȊȠȐȔȐ țȉȍȌȐȚȤșȧ ȟȚȖ
ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȤ-©ȈȕȚȐșȖȊȍȚȟȐȒª ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ țȔȍȘ
Ǫ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȌȍșȧȚȐȓȍȚȐȧ ǶșșȍȕȌȖȊșȒȐȑ șȚȈȓ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚȖȔ ȔȕȖȋȖ-
ȟȐșȓȍȕȕȣȝ ©șȍȕșȈȞȐȖȕȕȣȝª ȗțȉȓȐȒȈȞȐȑ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȜȐȋțȘȐȘțȦȚ
ȏȖȓȖȚȣȍ ȒȓȈȌȣ ȉȈȘȖȕȈ ǻȕȋȍȘȕȈ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȗȘȍȌșȒȈȏȈȕȐȧ ȔȖȕ-
ȋȖȓȤșȒȐȝ ȗȘȖȊȐȌȞȍȊ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈ șȖșȚȖȧȊȠȈȧșȧ ț ǶșșȍȕȌȖȊșȒȖȋȖ ȕȈȒȈ-
ȕțȕȍ șȔȍȘȚȐ ș ȏȈȋȈȌȖȟȕȣȔ ȕȈȞȐșȚșȒȐȔ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȖȔ ȖȒȈȏȈȊȠȐȔșȧ ȗȖ
șȖȊȔȍșȚȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊț ȘȖȌșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȖȔ ǻȕȋȍȘȕȈ Ȑ Ț ȗ ǪȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȗȐșȈ-
ȚȍȓȤ Ȋ ȟȤȍȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ȔȍșȚȖ Ȍȓȧ ȊȣȔȣșȓȈ ȥȚȖȔț ȉȣ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȘȈȌȖȊȈȓșȧ

ǶȋȓȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ
ǴȐȘȕȣȍ ȏȈȊȖȍȊȈȚȍȓȐ
Ǵ ǼȖȔȍȕȒȖ Ǩ ȀȍȘȔȈȕ ǴȐȘȕȣȍ ȊȣȔȖȋȈȚȍȓȐ
(ǵȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖȍ ȗȘȍȌȐșȓȖȊȐȍ)
8
ǴȐȘȕȣȍ ȏȈȊȖȍȊȈȚȍȓȐ
17
ǸȈșșȒȈȏȣ
25
ǺȍȕȤ ȏȈ ȖȒȖȗȖȔ
142
ǻșȓȣȠȈȕȕȣȍ ȔȖȓȐȚȊȣ
155
ǵȈ ȏȈȘȍ
160
ǷȘȐȔȍȟȈȕȐȧ
165
Ǩ ǶșșȍȕȌȖȊșȒȐȑ ǩȐȖȋȘȈȜȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȖȟȍȘȒ
168