Ancient history of Cambridge. Illustrations for vol. I-II - Edwards I.E.S.

The Cambridge Ancient History: Plates to Volumes I and II - 1977
PRIMITIVE MAN IN EUROPE IN MESOLITHIC TIMES
THE DEVELOPMENT OF CITIES FROM AL-‘UBAID TO THE END OF URUK 5
PALESTINE DURING THE NEOLITHIC AND CHALCOLITHIC PERIODS
CYPRUS IN THE NEOLITHIC AND CHALCOLITHIC PERIODS
THE OLD KINGDOM IN EGYPT AND THE BEGINNING OF THE FIRST INTERMEDIATE PERIOD
THE DYNASTY OF AGADE AND THE GUTIAN INVASION
SYRIA AND PALESTINE c. 2160-1780 b.c.: THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES
GREECE, CRETE AND THE AEGEAN ISLANDS IN THE EARLY BRONZE AGE
EGYPT: FROM THE DEATH OF AMMENEMES III TO SEQENENRE II
GREECE AND THE AEGEAN ISLANDS IN THE MIDDLE BRONZE AGE
EGYPT: FROM THE EXPULSION OF THE HYKSOS TO AMENOPHIS I
EGYPT: INTERNAL AFFAIRS FROM TUTHMOSIS I TO THE DEATH OF AMENOPHIS III
PALESTINE IN THE TIME OF THE EIGHTEENTH DYNASTY
THE LINEAR SCRIPTS AND THE TABLETS AS HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS: LITERACY IN MINOAN AND MYCENAEAN LANDS
EGYPT: THE AMARNA PERIOD AND THE END OF THE EIGHTEENTH DYNASTY
EGYPT: FROM THE INCEPTION OF THE NINETEENTH DYNASTY TO THE DEATH OF RAMESSES III
PHRYGIA AND THE PEOPLES OF ANATOLIA IN THE IRON AGE
EGYPT: FROM THE DEATH OF RAMESSES III TO THE END OF THE TWENTY-FIRST DYNASTY
THE END OF MYCENAEAN CIVILIZATION AND THE DARK AGE: THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND
GREEK SETTLEMENT IN THE EASTERN AEGEAN AND ASIA MINOR
THE RELIGION AND MYTHOLOGY OF THE GREEKS
Author: Edwards I.E.S.
Tags: cambridge history of the ancient world
ISBN: 0 521 20571 9
Year: 1977
Similar
Ancient history of Cambridge. Illustrations for vol. III. The Middle East, the Greek World and the Balkans to the Sixth Century b.c
The Hellenistic World to the Coming of the Romans. Illustrations for vol. VII, part 1
Ancient history of Cambridge. Illustrations for vol. V-VI, The Prehistory of the Balkans; and the Middle East and the Aegean world, tenth to eighth centuries B. C
История на Силистра. I том. Античният Дуросторум. The ancient durostorum
Text
                    THE
CAMBRIDGE ANCIENT HISTORY
PLATES TO VOLUMES I AND II


THE
CAMBRIDGE
ANCIENT HISTORY
PLATES TO VOLUMES I AND II
NEW EDITION
EDITED BT
I. E. S. EDWARDS f.b.a.
Formerly Keeper of Egyptian Antiquities, The British Museum
THE LATE C. J. GADD N. G. L. HAMMOND f.b.a.
Professor Emeritus of Greek, University of Bristol
E. SOLLBERGER f.b.a.
Keeper of Western Asiatic Antiquities, The British Museum
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS
CAMBRIDGE
LONDON * NEW YORK * MELBOURNE


Published by the Syndics of the Cambridge University Press The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 irp Bentley House, 200 Euston Road, London nwi 2db 32 East 57th Street, New York, ny 10022, USA 296 Beaconsfield Parade, Middle Park, Melbourne 3206, Australia
© Cambridge University Press 1977
Library of Congress catalogue card number: 75-85719
ISBN o 521 20571 9
First published 1977
Printed in Great Britain at the University Press, Cambridge


PREFACE
In the first edition of this History, the initial volume of plates consisted of illustrations to the text of Volumes i—iv. From Volume v onwards one volume of plates was issued with every two volumes of text. This arrangement has been continued in the present edition and this volume supplies the plates for the four parts which comprise Volumes i and n.
In selecting the illustrations for this volume the main considerations have been to exemplify the material on which the arguments in the text are based and to show pieces of particular artistic or technical merit. Documents which contain vital historical evidence may, however, be unsuitable for study when reproduced on a single plate of limited size. Nevertheless, photographs showing either the whole or a part of such documents have been included in the belief that they will be helpful to the student who is not a specialist. A factor which has also been taken into account is the degree of availability and accessibility of other publications in which an object is illustrated. In this respect the task of the Editors has been greatly facilitated by the knowledge that readers can obtain from the footnotes to the text references to periodicals and books mentioned in the bibliographies which will provide adequate descriptions and photographs, particularly of well-known objects and monuments.
The Editors wish to acknowledge the great assistance which they have received from contributors who have not only suggested illustrations for their chapters but also supplied the necessary photographs. No mention is made in the captions of the sources of the photographs, but these particulars will be found in the Contents list at the beginning of the volume. If the source is a museum or other institution it should be understood that the object is now in its collection and thanks are due to the curators and the governing bodies for permission to reproduce the photograph. Above all, the Editors are indebted to the staff of the Cambridge University Press, whose help has extended far beyond providing the technical expertise necessary for the preparation of the volume.
I.E.S.E.
N.G.L.H.
E.S.


CONTENTS
PRIMITIVE MAN IN EUROPE IN MESOLITHIC
TIMES J. G. D. Clark
1 Antler and bone artifacts from Star Carr, Yorkshire.
Photo: J. G. D. Clark.
2 Maglemosian and Early Coastal art and equipment.
Photo: J. G. D. Clark.
ANCIENT WESTERN ASIA Μ. B. Rowton
3 The Sumerian King List: the ‘Weld-Blundell Prism’.
Ashmolean Museum (1923.444). Photo: Museum.
4 The Assyrian King List: reverse of the ‘Khorsabad King List’.
Iraq Museum, Baghdad. Photo: Oriental Institute, Chicago.
ANATOLIA BEFORE c. 4000 b.c.
J. Mellaart
ζ (a) Clay wall-relief of a pair of leopards. Çatal Hüyük.
(P) Wall-painting of a wild-bull hunt. Çatal Hüyük.
Ankara Museum. Photos: Mrs J. Mellaart.
6 (a) Wall-painting showing a vulture devouring human
corpses. Çatal Hüyük.
Original in Ankara Museum; copy by Mrs G. Huxtable. Photo: Mrs J. Mellaart.
(b) 	The domestic quarter of Hacilar Level II.
Photo: Mrs J. Mellaart.
7 (a) A section of the fortress of Hacilar Level I.
Photo: Mrs J. Mellaart.
(P)-(c) Polychrome pottery from Hacilar.
Ankara Museum. Photo: Mrs J. Mellaart.


Vlll
CONTENTS
THE DEVELOPMENT OF CITIES FROM AL-‘UBAID TO THE END OF URUK 5
Sir Max Mallowan
8 	Early Mesopotamian decorated pottery.
Iraq Museum, Baghdad. Photo: Directorate- General of Antiquities, Baghdad.
PREDYNASTIC EGYPT Elise J. Baumgartel
9 	Pottery vessels in various styles :
(a) El-Mustagidda.
British Museum (59721). Photo: Museum.
(b) 	—(c) Metropolitan Museum of Art (20.2.10). Photo:
Museum.
(d)-(e) Naqäda.
Ashmolean Museum (1895. I22°)· Photo: Museum. (/) Naqäda.
Ashmolean Museum (1892.482). Photo: Museum.
10 Knives, pin, chisel, adze and daggers.
(a) 	British Museum (29289). Photo: Museum.
(J?) University Museum Manchester (2428). Photo: Museum.
(r) University College London (5287). Photo: College.
(d) Ashmolean Museum (1895.972). Photo: Museum.
(e) Cairo Museum. Photo: Museum.
(/) Ashmolean Museum (E.3956). Photo: Museum.
(£·) Cairo Museum (35158). Photo: Museum.
Qi) Ashmolean Museum (1895.968). Photo: Museum.
11 (a) Painted pottery figure of a woman. El-Badäri.
British Museum (59679). Photo: Museum.


CONTENTS
ix
(J?) Clay figure of a woman. Abädlya.
Ashmolean Museum (i 896.1908, E. 981). Photo: Museum.
(f) 	Ivory figure of a man. El-Mahäsna.
Cairo Museum (41928). Photo: Museum.
(d) Ivory hippopotamus. El-Mustagidda.
British Museum (63057). Photo: Museum.
(e) Symbol of the fertility goddess. Naqäda.
Ashmolean Museum ( 1895.908). Photo: Museum.
12 	(a) Pottery model of a house. El-Amra.
British Museum (35505). Photo: Museum.
(b) 	Pottery model of a battlemented wall and two sentinels. Abädlya.
Ashmolean Museum (1896.1908, E. 3202). Photo: Museum.
PALESTINE DURING THE NEOLITHIC AND CHALCOLITHIC PERIODS
R. de Vaux
13 00 Jericho : the tower of the Pre-pottery Neolithic A period.
Photo: British School of Archaeology in Jerusalem.
(h) Beidha: houses of level VI.
Photo: Mrs D. Kirkbride-Helbaek.
(r) Skull with flesh modelled in plaster. Jericho.
Amman Museum. Photo: British School of Archaeology in Jerusalem.
(d) Pottery figurine. Munhäta, Level lib.
Israel Museum. Photo: Mission archéologique française en Israël.
14 (a) Hoard of copper objects. Nahal Mishmär.
Israel Museum. Photo: D. Harris—W. Braun, Jerusalem.
ψ) Copy of a wall painting from Teleilat Ghassul, Level IV.
After A. Mallon, Teleilat Ghassül 1, frontispiece.


X
CONTENTS
ΐζ (a) Bone figurine. Tell Abu.
Israel Museum. Photo: Mission archéologique française en Israël.
Red and grey burnished pottery. Tell el-Far‘ah.
Photo: École biblique et archéologique française, Jerusalem.
Terracotta ossuary in the shape of a house. ‘Azor.
Israel Museum. Photo: Department of Antiquities of Israel.
CYPRUS IN THE NEOLITHIC AND CHALCOLITHIC PERIODS
H. W. Catling
i 6 Vessels and a statuette from Cyprus.
Cyprus Museum. Photos: Museum.
THE STONE AGE IN THE AEGEAN S. S. Weinberg
17 Bone and stone implements. Argissa.
Larissa Museum. From V. Milojcic, Die deutschen Ausgrabungen auf der Argissa— Magula in Thessalien, pl. 5.
18 (a) Aerial view of Early Neolithic site at Nea Nikomedeia.
Photo: S. S. Weinberg.
(b) Clay steatopygous female figurine from the site.
Verroia Museum. Photo: Museum.
19 (a) Green stone frogs, (b) clay stamp seals, from the Early
Neolithic site at Nea Nikomedeia.
Verroia Museum. Photo: Museum.
20 Neolithic pottery
(a)—(b) Chaeronea.
Chaeronea Museum. Photo: Museum.
(c) 	-(e) Lerna.
Argos Museum. Photo: Museum.
(*)
(0


CONTENTS
xi
21 Standing female figurines.
(a) Argos Museum. Photo: Alison Frantz.
(b) 	—(e) Lerna and Corinth Museums. Photos: Museums.
22 Neolithic pottery.
(a)—(c) Chaeronea Museum. Photo: Museum.
(d) 	National Museum, Athens. Photo: Museum.
23 (1) Scoop-like incised vessels.
(a) Sesklo in Thessaly.
National Museum, Athens. Photo: Museum.
(b) Ceos.
Ceos Museum. Photo: Museum.
(2) Jars with white-painted patterns on red-polished surface:
(c)-{d) Agora of Athens.
Agora Museum. Photo: Agora Excavations of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens.
(3) Standing male figure of white marble. Cnossus Stratum VIII.
Heraklion Museum. Photo: Museum.
24 Early Neolithic pottery from Cnossus, Stratum VIII.
Heraklion Museum. Photo: Museum.
THE EARLY DYNASTIC PERIOD IN EGYPT I. E. S. Edwards
25 Cast of the Palermo Stone {recto).
Palermo Museum. Photo: Lehnert and Landrock, Cairo.
26 The Abydos king-list. Temple of Sethos I, Abydos.
Photo: Egypt Exploration Society.
27 Columns 3—ς of the Turin canon.
Museo Egizio, Turin (1874). Photo: Museum.


CONTENTS
xi i
28 (d) Granite stela of Reneb.
Metropolitan Museum of Art (60.144V Photo: Museum.
(h) Ivory docket showing Den smiting an Easterner with a mace. Abydos.
British Museum (55586). Photo: Museum.
(r) Limestone trial-piece showing two figures of a king in 6W-festival dress. Saqqara.
British Museum (67153). Photo: Museum.
29 (a) Conjectural reconstruction of a brick mastaba from time
of Queen Mer(it)neith. Saqqara.
From drawing by J.-P. Lauer, Histoire monumentale des pyramides d'Egypte, pl. 3b.
(b) 	Black steatite disk inlaid with coloured stones. Saqqara. Cairo Museum. Photo: Museum.
THE CITIES OF BABYLONIA C. J. Gadd
30 (a) Alabaster figure of the Overseer’ Ebikh-il. Mari.
Louvre (AO 17551). Photo: Louvre.
(b) Part of a limestone plaque from Khafäjl.
Iraq Museum, Baghdad. Photo: Oriental Institute, Chicago.
(c) Inlaid shell figures. Mari.
Louvre and Aleppo Museum. From Syria 16
(r935)> P1· xxviii·
THE OLD KINGDOM IN EGYPT AND THE BEGINNING OF THE FIRST INTERMEDIATE
PERIOD
W. Stevenson Smith
31 (a) Wooden board overlaid with plaster on which are
written names of early kings. Giza.
Cairo Museum (JE 37734)· Photo: Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.


CONTENTS
xiii
(b) 	Head of a seated limestone statue of Prince Hemiunu. Giza.
Pelizaeus Museum, Hildesheim. Photo: Museum.
32 (a) The queens'pyramids and the royal cemetery on the east
side of the pyramid of Cheops. Giza.
Photo: Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.
(b) 	Painted reliefs in the rock tomb of Queen Meresankh III. Giza.
Photo: Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.
33 {a) Decree dated to the sixty-first year of the reign of
Phiops II. Giza.
Museum of Fine Arts, Boston (MFA 47.1654). Photo: Museum.
(h) Painted limestone relief showing bears and a Syrian vase. Abuslr.
East Berlin Museum. Photo: Museum.
PALESTINE IN THE EARLY BRONZE AGE R. de Vaux
34 Tell el-Fär'ah: (a) the city-gate; (b) the Early Bronze strata.
Photos: R. de Vaux.
35 {a) 'Ai: the main hall of the palace.
From J. Marquet-Krause, Les fouilles de 'Ay (Et-Tell)y pi. ix, i.
(J?) 'Ai: last stage of the sanctuary, seen from the northeast.
From ibid. pi. xiv.
36 (a) Megiddo: the sanctuary of Levels XVII-XVI.
Photo: Oriental Institute, Chicago.
(J?) Bäb ed-Drä' : funeral building A 21.
Photo: Paul Lapp.
37 (a) Tell el-Far'ah: pottery kiln.
Photo: R. de Vaux.
(J?) Khirbet Karak: detail of a large building.
From B. Maisler, I.E.J. 2 (1952), pi. i8a.


XIV
CONTENTS
SYRIA BEFORE 2200 b.c.
Margaret S. Drower
38 	(a) Baetyl in the temple of ‘Ninni-Zaza’ at Mari.
From A. Parrot, Mission Archéologique de Mari in, pi. viia.
(J?) Female and male copper figurines of worshippers. Tell Judaidah.
From H. Frankfort, The Art and Architecture of the Ancient Orient, pi. 135.
(c) 	Funerary boat of Cheops, reassembled. Giza.
From R. Keating, Nubian Twilight, pi. 27.
ANATOLIA c, 4000-2300 b.c.
J. Mellaart
39 (a) Figure of a stag. Alaca Hüyük.
Ankara Museum. Photo: J. Mellaart.
(b)—(d) Copper ‘standards’. Alaca Hüyük.
Ankara Museum. Photos: J. Mellaart.
40 {a) Gold drinking-cup. Alaca Hüyük.
Ankara Museum. Photo: J. Mellaart.
THE IDENTIFICATION OF TROY Carl W. Blegen
40 (J?) Wall and tower of the fortress known as Troy I.
Photo: C. W. Blegen.
(c) 	The mound of Hissarlik.
Photo: C. W. Blegen.
41 (a) Limestone stela with representation of a human face.
Troy I.
Photo: C. W. Blegen.


CONTENTS
XV
THE DYNASTY OF AGADE AND THE GUTIAN INVASION C. J. Gadd
41 (J?) Cuneiform tablet: letter from a man striving to restore
his farm amid the attacks of the Gutians.
British Museum (121205). Photo: Museum.
(c) 	Cuneiform tablet: list of provisions, trees and wooden objects.
Chicago Natural History Museum (FM 229201). Photo: Museum.
42 (a) Victory stela of Naram-Sin. Susa.
Louvre (Sb 4). Photo: Louvre.
(b) Alabaster statuette of Ur-Ningirsu.
Louvre (AO 9504). Photo: Chuzeville, Paris.
(c) ‘Indus Valley’-type stamp seals.
British Museum (120228, 120573, 123059, 123208). Photo: Museum.
43 (a) Impressions of cylinder seals of the Agade period.
(i)-(2) British Museum (120543, 120545). Photo: Museum.
(3) Louvre (MNB1351). Photo: Chuzeville, Paris.
THE MIDDLE KINGDOM IN EGYPT William C. Hayes
43 (J?) Painted wooden model with representations of Egyptian
soldiers carrying weapons. Asyüt.
Cairo Museum (3345). Photo: Museum.
44 Biographical stela of the Chancellor Tjetji. Dira Abu ’n- Naga.
British Museum (614). Photo: Museum.
45 (a) Black granite statue of Sesostris III. Deir el-Bahri.
British Museum (686). Photo: Museum.


XVI
CONTENTS
(b) 	Festival pavilion of Sesostris L Karnak.
Photo: Metropolitan Museum of Art.
SYRIA AND PALESTINE c. 2160-1780 b.c.:
THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES Kathleen M. Kenyon
46 (a) Bronze toggle-pin and weapons. Megiddo.
From R. M. Enberg and G. M. Shipton, Notes on the Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age Pottery from Megiddo, fig. 15.
(b) Bronze toggle-pins. Megiddo.
From ibid. fig. 20.
(c) Bronze toggle-pin, beads and bracelets. Ras Shamra.
From C. F. A. Schaeffer, Stratigraphie comparée et chronologie de ΓAsie occidentale, pl. xn.
47 Tores and other bronze objects from a temple-offering deposit at Byblos.
From M. Dunand, Fouilles de Byblos 1, pl. lxix.
48 Bronze figurines from a temple-offering deposit at Byblos.
From M. Dunand, Fouilles de Byblos 1, pl. lx.
49 00 Ur: the north-west staircase of the zikkurrat.
Photo: British Museum.
(b) Scenes from a sculptured stone stela. Ur.
University Museum, Philadelphia (CBS 16676). Photo: British Museum.
(c) Inscribed alabaster slab. Umma.
Istanbul Museum (5856). Photo: Museum.
50 (a) Ur: entrance to the tomb of King Shulgi.
Photo: British Museum.
(<b) Hurrian foundation deposit. ‘Amuda, N. Syria.
Louvre (AO 19937/8). Photo: Louvre.
(c) 	Bronze plaque inscribed in Akkadian by the Hurrian king Arisen. Samarra (?).
Louvre (AO 5678). Photo: Louvre.
ζ i (<a) Dolerite statue of a ruler. Susa.
Louvre (Sb 1). Photo: Louvre.


CONTENTS
XVII
(b) Seal impression on a clay bulla. Nippur.
University Museum, Philadelphia (CBS 12570). Photo: Museum.
(c) Bronze foundation figurine of Ur-Nammu. Uruk.
British Museum (113896). Photo: Museum.
BABYLONIA c. 2120-1800 b.c. C. J. Gadd
52 	(a) Fragment of a stone stela of Sargon of Agade. Susa. Louvre (Sb 1). Photo: Louvre.
(b) Fragment of an alabaster figure of the Elamite king Kutik (or Puzur)-In-Shushinak. Susa.
Louvre (Sb 86). Photo: Chuzeville, Paris.
(c) Limestone statue of the Elamite goddess Narundi. Susa.
Louvre (Sb 54). Photo: Chuzeville, Paris.
53 	(a) Limestone relief showing the Elamite god In-Shushi- nak. Susa.
Louvre (Sb 6). Photo: Chuzeville, Paris.
(b) Kurängän: rock relief showing a god sitting on a serpent-throne and pouring a libation.
Photo: L. Vanden-Berghe.
(c) Kurängän : rock relief showing worshippers on steps.
Photo: L. Vanden-Berghe.
ANATOLIA c. 2300-1750 b.c.
J. Mellaart
54 (a) Gold jug. Mahmatlar.
Metropolitan Museum of Art (Dick Fund; 57.67). Photo: Museum.
(b)—(c) Cappadocian painted pottery: storage jars. Kültepe. Ankara Museum. From T. Ôzgüç, Kültepe- Kani§, pi. xLiii, 2, 1.
55 (a) Copper statuette of naked woman suckling her child.
Horoztepe.
Ankara Museum (18529). From T. Ôzgüç and M. Akok, Horoztepe, pi. x, ία.


XVI11
CONTENTS
(b) Bronze crescentic axeheads. Horoztepe.
Ankara Museum. From ibid. pl. χνιιι, 3-7.
(c) Spouted jug with handle in form of horse and rider. Kültepe.
Ankara Museum. Photo: Museum.
(d) Bronze knife with curling tip. Denizli.
Ankara Museum. From T. Ôzgüç,
Kültepe-Kanipl. xlviii, 3.
GREECE, CRETE AND THE AEGEAN ISLANDS IN THE EARLY BRONZE AGE
John L. Caskey
56 (a) Grey-brown bowl. Eutresis.
Thebes Museum. Photo: Museum.
(b) Red burnished-ware jug. Eutresis.
Thebes Museum. Photo: Museum.
(c) Gold sauceboat. Western Arcadia.
Louvre. Photo: Louvre.
(d) Pottery sauceboat. Lerna III.
Argos Museum. Photo: Museum.
57 (a) and (b) Glazed pottery saucers. Eutresis.
Thebes Museum. Photo: Museum.
(r) Typical site of an Early Helladic village. Promontory at Kaki Thalassa.
58 (a) Palace, known as the ‘House of Tiles^ inside a fortified
citadel. Lerna III.
(b) Low tumulus of soil over the debris of the ‘House of Tiles’. Lerna III/IV.
59 (a) Pottery tankard. Lerna IV.
Argos Museum. From watercolour by Piet de
Jong·
([b) Pottery jar. Lerna IV.
Argos Museum. From watercolour by Piet de
Jong·
60 Pots and artifacts from Lerna. Lerna IV.
Argos Museum. Photos: Museum.


CONTENTS
XIX
61 Pottery from the Cyclades.
(a) Sauceboats. Naxos.
National Museum, Athens. From C. Zervos,
IdArt des Cyclades, fig. 152.
(b) Dark burnished jar. Syros.
National Museum, Athens. From ibid. fig. 203.
62 Figurines in marble from the Cyclades.
(a) Figurine. Early Cycladic.
Ashmolean Museum. Photo: Museum.
(b) Figurine representing a flute player. Keros.
National Museum, Athens. From C. Zervos,
IdArt des Cyclades, fig. 302.
(c) Figurine representing a harpist. Keros.
National Museum, Athens. From ibid. fig. 333.
63 Pottery from Crete.
(a) 	Tall chalice. Pyrgos.
Heraklion Museum. From C. Zervos, Id Art de la Crète néolithique et minoenne, fig. 86.
(J?) Jug. Ayios Onouphrios.
Heraklion Museum. From ibid. fig. 132, right.
if) Jug· Mochlos.
Heraklion Museum. From S. Marinatos and M. Hirmer, Crete and Mycenae, fig. 8, below.
(d) Jug. Vasiliki.
Heraklion Museum. From C. Zervos, Id Art de la Crète, fig. 135, left.
CYPRUS IN THE EARLY BRONZE AGE H. W. Catling
64 	(a) Terracotta model of an open-air sanctuary. Bellapais. Cyprus Museum. Photo: Museum.
(b) 	Red polished-ware jug. Philia.
Cyprus Museum. Photo: Museum.
(.c) ‘Plank-shaped' terracotta statuette.
Cyprus Museum. Photo: Museum.


XX
CONTENTS
NORTHERN MESOPOTAMIA AND SYRIA J.-R. Küpper
65 Mari: axonometric perspective of the Palace.
From A. Parrot, Mission archéologique de Mari n,
I, pl. III.
66 Central panel of the ‘ Investiture Painting'. Palace of Mari.
Louvre (AO 19826). From A. Parrot, Mission archéologique de Mari 11, 2, pl. xi.
67 (a) Specimen of fresco from the Level VII palace at
Alalakh.
From L. Woolley, Alalakh, pl. xxviii#.
(b) Alalakh: the Level VII city-gate.
From ibid. pl. xxixæ.
68 Impressions from cylinder seals in the so-called ‘Syrian style'.
(d)-(b) Ashmolean Museum (1893.192, 1913.165). Photo: Museum.
(1c) Louvre (AO 1634). Photo: Chuzeville, Paris.
0O~(/) Morgan Library, New York (925, 945, 960). Photo: Library.
EGYPT: FROM THE DEATH OF AMMENEMES III TO SEQENENRE II William C. Hayes
69 Title-page of the Rhind Mathematical Papyrus.
British Museum (10057-58). Photo: Museum.
70 Wooden statue of King Awibre Hor. Dahshur.
Cairo Museum (280*). Photo: Museum.
71 (a) Green schist statuette of Meryankhre Mentuhotpe.
Karnak.
British Museum (65429). Photo: Museum.
{¥) Bronze dagger of an official of Nebkhepeshre Apophis III. Saqqara.
Cairo Museum (4012*). Photo: Museum.


CONTENTS
XXI
PALESTINE IN THE MIDDLE BRONZE AGE
Kathleen Μ. Kenyon
72 (a) Jericho (Trench I): the Middle Bronze II rampart with
plastered face.
Photo: K. M. Kenyon.
(h) Jericho (Trench II): section through the Middle Bronze II rampart.
Photo: K. M. Kenyon.
73 Aerial view of the site of Hazor.
From Y. Yadin, Hazor, 1, pi. 1.
GREECE AND THE AEGEAN ISLANDS IN THE MIDDLE BRONZE AGE
John L. Caskey
74 Middle Helladic pottery from Lerna.
(a) 	kantharos, (J?) cup, (c) kantharos.
Argos Museum. Photos: Museum.
75 Middle Helladic pottery from Lerna (cont.)
(a) barrel-jar, (h) jar.
Argos Museum. From drawings by Piet de Jong.
76 (a) Bored stone hammer-axe. Lerna.
Argos Museum. Photo: Museum.
(b) Flask. Lerna.
Argos Museum. From drawing by Piet de Jong.
(c) Spouted jar imported from Crete. Lerna.
Argos Museum. From drawing by Piet de Jong.
77 Middle Cycladic pottery.
(a) Jar. Provenance uncertain.
National Museum, Athens. From C. Zervos,
UArt des Cyclades, fig. 330.
(b) Barrel-jar. Phylakopi.
National Museum, Athens. From ibid. fig. 121.
78 (a) Middle Helladic houses at Lerna.
(b) 	Middle Helladic grave, Lerna.


XXII
CONTENTS
THE MATURITY OF MINOAN CIVILIZATION
F. Matz
79 Tomb group containing a Middle Minoan II vase. Abydos.
Ashmolean Museum. (E. 3271-3306) Photo: Museum.
80 The palace at Phaestus, Crete:
(a) 	the central court,
(h) the west entrance.
Photos: Marburg Bildarchiv.
8 i Painted pottery of the Middle Minoan period in Crete.
00”Gr) Middle Minoan I.
Heraklion Museum. Photo: J. D. S. Pendlebury.
(h) Middle Minoan II.
Heraklion Museum. Photo: Museum.
82, 83 Impressions taken from seals in the ‘Hieroglyphic Deposit' at Cnossus in Crete.
Heraklion Museum. From F. Matz, Kreta, Mykene, Troja, pi. 504.
CYPRUS IN THE MIDDLE BRONZE AGE H. W. Catling
84 Jug of White Painted II Ware.
Ashmolean Museum (1963.1638). Photo: Museum.
85 Jug of Red-on-Black Ware. Probably from the Karpass.
Ashmolean Museum (1953.220). Photo: Museum.


CONTENTS
xxiii
EGYPT: FROM THE EXPULSION OF THE HYKSOS TO AMENOPHIS I
T. G. H. James
86 Painted limestone statuette of Queen Tetisheri. Thebes.
British Museum (22558). Photo: Museum.
EGYPT: INTERNAL AFFAIRS FROM TUTHMOSIS I TO THE DEATH OF AMENOPHIS III William C. Hayes
87 Limestone statue of Queen Hatshepsut. Deir el-Bahri.
Metropolitan Museum of Art (29.3.2).
Photo: Museum.
88 Yellow quartzite sarcophagus of Thuthmosis I. Thebes.
Cairo Museum (52344).
89 Religious scenes on a red quartzite shrine of Queen Hatshepsut. Karnak.
90 Painted limestone head of an Osiride statue of Hatshepsut. Deir el-Bahri.
Metropolitan Museum of Art (31.3. 157)·
Photo: Museum.
91 Painted limestone head of an Osiride statue of Hatshepsut, a companion piece to pi. 90. Deir el-Bahri.
Metropolitan Museum of Art (31.3.163).
Photo: Museum.
92 Black granite block statue of Sennefer. Thebes.
British Museum (48). Photo: Museum.
93 Black granite statuette of the Chief Steward Senenmut with the Princess Neferure seated on his lap. Thebes.
British Museum (174). Photo: Museum.
94 (a) Upper part of a schist statue of Tuthmosis III. Karnak.
Cairo Museum (42053). Photo: Museum.
(b) 	Head of colossal breccia seated statue of Amenophis III. Thebes.
British Museum (6). Photo: Museum.


XXIV
CONTENTS
95 (a) Pink granite relief showing Amenophis II in a chariot,
shooting arrows. Karnak.
Photo: I. E. S. Edwards.
(h) Front of a chariot of Tuthmosis IV. Thebes.
Cairo Museum (46097). Photo: Museum.
96 Wall-painting from the tomb of the Scribe of the Royal Estates, Menna. Thebes.
97 Wall-relief from the tomb of the Vizier Ramose. Thebes.
SYRIA c. 1550-1400 B.c. Margaret S. Drower
98 (a) Limestone statue of Idrimi, king of Alalakh. Açana.
British Museum (13073 8/9). Photo: Museum.
(b) Tuthmosis III smites Asiatic prisoners. Karnak.
From K. Lange and H. Hirmer, Egypt (4th ed.),
pi· 139·
99 (a) Wall-painting from the tomb of Menkheperreseneb
showing foreigners bringing gifts to Tuthmosis III. Thebes.
From Nina de G. Davies, Ancient Egyptian Paintings , pi. XXI.
(h) Suppliant foreigner before an envoy of General (later King) Horemheb. Saqqara.
Rijksmuseum van Oudheden, Leiden (C.3).
From C. Aldred, New Kingdom Art in Ancient Egypt, pi. 139.
100 	Stone stela depicting the Thunder god of Ugarit. Ras Shamra.
Louvre (AO 15775). From Syria 14 (1933),
pi. XVI.
101 	Stela showing Amenemope, a builder, adoring Mekal. Beth-shan.
Rockefeller Museum, Jerusalem (S 982). From J. B. Pritchard, The Ancient Near East in Pictures, fig. 487.


CONTENTS
XXV
102 (a) Limestone stela of a Syrian spearman.
Berlin Museum (14122). From H. Schaefer, Amarna in Religion und Kunst, pi. 53.
(b) Seal of Saustatar, king of Mitanni, from an impression of a cuneiform tablet. Yorghan Tepe.
Chicago Natural History Museum; tablet in Harvard Semitic Museum (SMN 1000). From H. Frankfort, Cylinder Seals, pi. xLiia.
103 (a) Bronze tablet with inscription in Byblite syllabic linear
script. Byblos.
National Museum, Beirut. From M. Dunand, Byblia Grammata, pi. ix.
(b) Wall-painting depicting Syrian emissaries bringing gifts to the Egyptian court. Thebes.
British Museum (3799\).From Nina de G. Davies, Ancient Egyptian Paintings, pi. xlii.
104 Ugarit: postern gate and glacis.
From Syria 28 (1951), pi. iv, 3.
105 (a) B°ar’s head axe. Ras Shamra.
Latakia Museum. From Syria 19 (1938),
pi. XXXIV, I.
(b)—(c) Bottle and cup of 4 Açana Ware\ Açana.
British Museum (126193, 125993). Photos: Museum.
106 (a) Ivory inlay depicting a couchant griffin. Megiddo.
Oriental Institute, Chicago (A 22212). From H. Frankfort, The Art and Architecture of the Ancient Orient, pi. 148^.
([b) Carved ivory box lid depicting a woman in a Mycenaean flounced skirt. Mïnet el-Beidha.
Louvre (AO 11601). From A. Jirku, Die Welt der Bibel, pi. 53.
(r) Ivory plaque decorated with a sphinx in high relief.
Oriental Institute, Chicago (A 22213). From H. Frankfort, op. cit. pi. 148^.
107 (a) Polychrome faience vase in the shape of a woman's head.
Mlnet el-Beidha.
Louvre. From A. Jirku, Die Welt der Bibel, pi. 64.


XXVI
CONTENTS
(b) Handle of a walking-stick decorated with the figure of an Asiatic grandee. Thebes.
Cairo Museum. From ibid. pi. 21.
PALESTINE IN THE TIME OF THE EIGHTEENTH DYNASTY
Kathleen M. Kenyon
108 (a) Hazor: shrine in Area C.
From Y. Yadin, Hazor 1, pi. xxix, 1.
(b) Hazor: temple in Area H.
From Y. Yadin, Hazor iii-iv, pi. ci.
109 (a) Shechem : Late Bronze Age gate.
From G. E. Wright, Shechem: the Biography of a City, fig. 27.
(b) Jericho: Late Bronze Age building in Area H.
Photo: K. M. Kenyon.
110 Jerusalem: stone substructure of Late Bronze Age terraces.
Photo: K. M. Kenyon.
hi (a) 4 Amman : Late Bronze Age temple.
Photo: J. B. Hennessy.
THE ZENITH OF MINOAN CIVILIZATION
F. Matz
hi ([b) The Palace at Cnossus: Hall of Colonnades.
Photo: Marburg Fotoarchiv.
112 (a) The Palace at Cnossus: South Propylon.
Photo: Marburg Fotoarchiv.
(b) The Viaduct at Cnossus.
Photo: J. D. S. Pendlebury.
113 The Stepped Portico at Cnossus.
From A. Evans, The Palace of Minos 11, p. 146,
fig· 75-
114 (a) Cnossus: reconstruction of the West Façade of the
Central Court.
From ibid. pp. 814-15, fig. 532.
(1b) Gournia: stepped street.


CONTENTS
XXVll
115 (a) Cnossus : royal grave known as the Temple Tomb.
Photo: Marburg Fotoarchiv.
(b) Cnossus: Toreador fresco.
Heraklion Museum. Photo: Marburg Fotoarchiv.
116 (a) Keftiu in a fresco painting. Thebes, Egypt.
Photo: Fremdvölker Expedition 598/600.
(b) Saffron flowers in a fresco painting at Hagia Triada, Crete.
Heraklion Museum. Photo: Maraghianis.
117 (a) Faience statuette of a priestess. Cnossus.
Heraklion Museum. Photo: Maraghianis.
(b) Miniature fresco-painting of a religious festival. Cnossus.
Heraklion Museum. From A. Evans, The Palace of Minos hi, pp.66-7, pi. xvm.
118 (a) Serpentine goblet. Hagia Triada.
Heraklion Museum. Photo: Marburg Fotoarchiv.
(h) Late Minoan I vase. Found in Egypt.
Musée Borély, Marseilles. Photo: Archäologisches Seminar, Marburg.
(c) Amphora of the Palace style.
Heraklion Museum. Photo: J. D. S. Pendlebury.
119 (a) Polychrome vase. Cnossus.
Heraklion Museum. From A. Evans, Archaeologia (i9r4), 27, % 37a, b.
{h) Amphora of the Palace style. Cnossus.
Heraklion Museum. From S. Marinatos and M. Hirmer, Crete and Mycenae, fig. 94.
120 (a) Minoan gold ring. Vaphio, Laconia.
National Museum, Athens. From Jahrhuch der Mainzer Akademie, 1959, fig. ii.
{F) Impression taken from a seal with hieroglyphic script· Cnossus.
Heraklion Museum. From ibid. fig. 5.


CONTENTS
xxviii
(ic) Impression taken from a seal with running lions and palm trees. Zakro.
Heraklion Museum. From ibid. fig. 6.
121 Painted limestone sarcophagus. Hagia Triada.
Heraklion Museum. Photo: Alison Frantz.
122 (a) Cnossus: smaller throne room with Griffin fresco.
Photo: S. Marinatos and M. Hirmer, Crete and Mycenae, fig. 33.
(h) Ingots of copper from Cyprus. Hagia Triada.
Heraklion Museum. Photo: S. Marinatos.
THE LINEAR SCRIPTS AND THE TABLETS AS HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS: LITERACY IN MINOAN AND MYCENAEAN LANDS
Sterling Dow
123 	The Phaestus Disk. Phaestus.
Heraklion Museum.
THE RISE OF MYCENAEAN CIVILIZATION Frank H. Stubbings
124 (a) Mask of gold foil, found on the face of a dead man.
Mycenae.
National Museum, Athens. Photo: Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies.
(J?) Grave-stela. Mycenae.
National Museum, Athens. Photo: Deutsches Archäologisches Institut, Athens.
(c) Mycenaean ivory carving. Delos.
National Museum, Athens. Photo: Ecole française d’ Athènes.
125 Bronze dagger inlaid with gold, silver and niello. Mycenae.
National Museum, Athens. From S. Marinatos and M. Hirmer, Crete and Mycenae, pi. xxxvi lower and xxxvn upper.


CONTENTS
XXIX
126 (a) Gold-plated sword-hilt of wood. Mycenae.
National Museum, Athens. Photo: G. E. Mylonas.
(b) Gold kantharos of Minyan shape. Mycenae.
National Museum, Athens. Photo: Museum.
(c) Crystal vase. Mycenae.
National Museum, Athens. Photo: G. E. Mylonas.
127 (a) Silver jug. Mycenae.
National Museum, Athens. Photo: Museum.
(b)-(c) Matt-painted jars of mainland type. Mycenae. National Museum, Athens. Photo: G. E. Mylonas.
(d) Late Helladic I jug. Mycenae.
National Museum, Athens. After A. J. B. Wace and F. H. Stubbings, Companion to Homer, fig. 12a.
128 (a) Copper axe-blade inlaid with gold griffin. Egypt.
Cairo Museum. From A. J. Evans, The Palace of Minos i, p. 551, fig. 12a.
(b) Fragment of silver rhyton. Mycenae.
National Museum, Athens. After Ephemeris Archaiologike (1891), pi. 2.2.
129 (a) ‘Treasury of Atreus’, a tholos tomb. Mycenae.
From A. J. B. Wace and F. H. Stubbings, Companion to Homer, pi. 18a.
(b) Carved stone ceiling of side chamber of ‘Treasury of Minyas' (tholos tomb). Orchomenus in Boeotia.
Photo: F. H. Stubbings.
130 Late Helladic II pottery.
(a) Palace-style jar. Berbati, Argolis.
Nafplion Museum. From A. J. B. Wace and F. H. Stubbings, Companion to Homer, fig. 16.
(b) Cup. Prosymna, Argolis.
National Museum, Athens. From drawing by John Christiansen.


XXX
CONTENTS
(ic) Ephyraean-style kylix. Korakou near Corinth.
Corinth Museum. From Wace and Stubbings, op. cit. fig. 16.
(d) Jug. Chalcis.
Khalkis Museum. From drawing by John Christiansen.
(e) Alabastron. Mycenae.
Nafplion Museum. From Wace and Stubbings, op. cit. fig. 16.
(/) Stirrup jar. Chalcis.
Khalkis Museum. From drawing by John Christiansen.
TROY VI Carl W. Blegen
131 (a) Wall and tower on the eastern side of Troy VI.
Photo: C. W. Blegen.
(J?) North-eastern angle of the wall of Troy VI.
Photo: C. W. Blegen.
ASSYRIA AND BABYLON c. 1370-1300 C. J. Gadd
132 (a) Clay cone bearing a kudurru inscription.
British Museum (91036). Photo: Museum.
(b) Small bottle of variegated glass of ‘ Phoenician’ type. Ur.
University Museum, Philadelphia (31-43-231). Photo: British Museum.
{c) Cuneiform tablet containing omens.
British Museum (108874). Photo: Museum.
13 3 (a) Wall-painting showing a male figure. ‘Aqar Qüf.
Iraq Museum, Baghdad. From Iraq 8 (1946),
pi. XU.
{V) Figure of an archer in moulded glazed bricks. Susa.
British Museum (132525, on loan from Louvre). Photo: Museum.


CONTENTS
XXXI
(0
Deities with ‘flowing vase': figures in moulded bricks. Uruk.
Berlin Museum. From G. R. Meyer,
Altorientalische Denkmäler im Vorderasiatischen Museum zu Berlin, pl. 64.
EGYPT: THE AMARNA PERIOD AND THE END OF THE EIGHTEENTH DYNASTY Cyril Aldred
134 (a) Miniature coffin from the alabaster Canopic chest of
Tutankhamun. Thebes.
Cairo Museum. Photo : Griffith Institute, Ashmolean Museum.
(b) Plaster mask of an unidentified man. El-Amarna.
West Berlin Museum (21356). Photo: Museum.
(r) Inner back panel of Tutankhamun’s throne. Thebes. Cairo Museum. Photo: Griffith Institute, Ashmolean Museum.
135 (a) Limestone relief with figures of Ay and his wife, Tey.
El-Amarna.
Cairo Museum (10.11.26, l). Photo: Peter Clayton.
(h) Mourning scene from a Memphite tomb of the Amarna Period.
East Berlin Museum (12411). Photo: Museum.
UGARIT
Margaret S. Drower
136 	(a) Ivory head from a chryselephantine statue of a queen or goddess. Ras Shamra.
National Museum, Damascus. From Ugaritica IV, p. 36, fig. 26.
(b) Ivory panel from a bed-head. Ras Shamra.
National Museum, Damascus. From Syria 31 (1954), pl· VIII.
(c) The ‘dynastic seal’ of Ugarit. Ras Shamra.
National Museum, Damascus. From Palais royal d'Ugarit in, pl. xvi, fig. 23.


XXX11
CONTENTS
13 7 Ugaritian funerary vault. Ras Shamra.
From Ugaritica i, pi. xvii, i.
13 8 (a) Stone stela depicting a god. Ras Shamra.
National Museum, Damascus. From Ugaritica n,
pi. XXII, 2.
(b) Stone stela: the king making an offering to a bearded
g°d-
National Museum, Damascus. From Syria i8
(r937)> pl- 17-
TROY VII
Carl W. Blegen
139 Storage jars in House VII O of Troy Vila.
Photo: C. W. Blegen.
THE EXPANSION OF MYCENAEAN CIVILIZATION Frank H. Stubbings
140 (a) The Lion Gate. Mycenae.
From A. J. B. Wace and F. H. Stubbings, Companion to Homer, pl. 19^.
(b) Grave circle A at Mycenae, enclosing the Shaft Graves. From ibid. pl. 19^.
141 (a) Reconstruction of the southern half of the citadel of
Tiryns.
From A. J. B. Wace and F. H. Stubbings, Companion to Homer, fig. 17.
(h) Mycenaean palace of Pylus.
From ibid. pl. 22b.
142 (a) Fresco of horses and warriors. Mycenae.
National Museum, Athens. From drawing by Piet de Jong.
(b) Painted floor decoration. Pylus.
From A. J. B. Wace and F. H. Stubbings, Companion to Homer, pl. 24^.
(r) Fresco of boar-hunt. Tiryns.
National Museum, Athens. From ibid. pl. 24Æ.


CONTENTS
XXXlll
143 (a) Ivory statuette group. Mycenae.
National Museum, Athens. Photo: Courtesy of Mrs A. J. B. Wace.
(h) Miniature ivory columns. Mycenae.
National Museum, Athens. Photo: Courtesy of Mrs A. J. B. Wace.
144 Late Helladic III pottery.
(*), (*/), (/) British Museum; (r) British School
at Athens; (the rest) National Museum, Athens. From A. J. B. Wace and F. H. Stubbings, Companion to Homer, fig. 18.
145 (a) Carved stone rhyton. Mycenae.
National Museum, Athens. From drawing by Piet de Jong.
(b) Carved marble lamp. Mycenae.
National Museum, Athens. From A. J. B. Wace and F. H. Stubbings, Companion to Homer, fig. 60(b)
(c) Stone vase. Mycenae.
National Museum, Athens. Photo: Courtesy of Mrs A. J. B. Wace.
146 (a) Gold cup. Dendra, Argolis.
National Museum, Athens. From A. J. B. Wace and F. H. Stubbings, Companion to Homer, pi. 12 b.
(b) Silver bowl. Enkomi, Cyprus.
Cyprus Museum. From ibid. pi. 36c.
147 (a) Bronze tools.
National Museum, Athens. From drawing by John Christiansen.
(b) Bronze body-armour. Dendra, Argolis.
Nafplion Museum. Photo: Deutsches Archäologisches Institut, Athens ; courtesy of the late Dr N. Verdelis.
148 (a) Abutment of a Mycenaean bridge. Mycenae.
Photo: A. J. B. Wace, courtesy of Mrs Wace.
(b) Part of attached column from the façade of the Treasury of Atreus. Mycenae.
British Museum. Photo: Museum.
2
CAH


XXXIV
CONTENTS
(c) 	Ivory box and lid. Athens, Agora.
Agora Museum, Athens. Photo: American School of Classical Studies at Athens.
149 (a) Pottery krater with animal frieze. Cyprus.
British Museum. Photo: Museum.
(J?) Cup of local Base-Ring Ware shape. Maroni, Cyprus.
British Museum. From drawing by John Christiansen.
([c) Copper ingot. Enkomi, Cyprus.
British Museum. Photo: Courtesy of H. W. Catling.
CYPRUS IN THE LATE BRONZE AGE H. W. Catling
150 (a) Pottery vessels of Base-Ring Ware.
Ashmolean Museum (1947.372; 1953.231;
1927.656; 1953.292; c.86). Photo: Museum.
(h) Pottery vessels of White Slip Ware I and II.
Ashmolean Museum (1953. 228; 1911. 331; 1963. 1698; 1963. 760). Photo: Museum.
151 (a) Mycenaean III pictorial krater.
Cyprus Museum. Photo: Museum.
(J?) Tripod stand with bulls' heads.
Cyprus Museum. Photo: Museum.
(r) Sceptre-head of gold and cloisonné work.
Cyprus Museum. Photo: Museum.
152 (a) Clay tablet inscribed with the signs of a ‘Cypro-
Minoan’ syllabary (fifteenth century b.c.). Enkomi. Cyprus Museum. Photo: Museum.
(J?) Ditto (thirteenth century b.c.). Enkomi.
Cyprus Museum. Photo: Museum.
EGYPT: FROM THE INCEPTION OF THE NINETEENTH DYNASTY TO THE DEATH OF RAMESSES III R. O. Faulkner
153 (a) Sethos I receives the crook and flail and the emblem for a
long reign from Amon-Re (left) and Osiris. Abydos. Photo: R. O. Faulkner.


CONTENTS
XXXV
(b) Black granite statue of Ramesses II. Karnak.
Turin Museum (1380). Photo: University College London.
154 (a) Central aisle of the Great Hypostyle Hall at Karnak.
From G. Jéquier, VArchitecture et la décoration dans Vancienne Égypte, pi. 4.
(b) Tower gateway of the temple of Ramesses III at Medinet Habu. Thebes.
From ibid. pi. 47.
155 (a) Wall-painting from the tomb of Nefertiry. Thebes.
From K. Lange and M. Hirmer, Egypte pi. lvi.
ASSYRIAN MILITARY POWER 1300-1200 b.c.
J. M. Munn-Rankin
(b) Assyrian stone symbol-base. Ashur.
Istanbul Museum (7802). From E. Unger, Assyrische und Babylonische Kunst, p. 101,
fig· 30·
(r) Assyrian stone symbol-base. Ashur.
Berlin Museum. From G. R. Meyer, Altorientalis che Denkmäler im Vorderasiatischen Museum zu Berlin, pl. 69.
156 (<#)—(r) Impressions from Assyrian cylinder seals.
British Museum (89557, 89862, 129572).
Photos: Museum.
(d) 	Clay tablet impressed with the seal of Ninurta-tukulti- Ashur. Ashur.
Berlin Museum. From Archiv für Orientforschung 10 (!935/6)> 49> figs· i and 4.
ELAM c. 1600-1200 b.c.
René Labat
156 (e) General view of the site of Chogha Zanbil.
Photo: R. Ghirshman.
157 (a) Bronze statue of Queen Napirasu.
Louvre (Sb 2731). Photo: Chuzeville, Paris.


XXXVI
CONTENTS
PHRYGIA AND THE PEOPLES OF ANATOLIA IN THE IRON AGE R. D. Barnett
(*)
158 {a)
(*)
(0
159 (a)
(*)
(0
00
The so-called Midas Monument. Yazilikaya near Eskiçehir.
From E. Akurgal, Die Kunst Anatoliens von Homer bis Alexander, fig. 67.
Painted pottery jug. Gordion.
Ankara Museum. From E. Akurgal, Die Kunst Anatoliens von Homer bis Alexander, fig. 50.
Three of the 175 Phrygian bronze fibulae found in the Great Tumulus at Gordion.
Ankara Museum. From ibid. fig. 63-65.
Bronze bowl with ring-handle and ladle. Gordion. Ankara Museum. From ibid. pi. ma.
Rock relief at Ivriz near Konya.
From E. Akurgal, Die Kunst Anatoliens, von Homer bis Alexander, fig. 38.
Drawingof a wall-relief of Sargonof Assyria. Khorsabad. From P. E. Botta, Monument de Ninive π, pi. 106 bis.
Stone statue of the goddess Cybele. Bogazköy.
Ankara Museum. From E. Akurgal, op. cit. fig. 55.
Stone relief depicting Cybele in a shrine.
Ankara Museum. From ibid. fig. 60.
160 Gordion: the outer wall.
From E. Akurgal, Die Kunst Anatoliens von Homer bis Alexander, pi. π.
ASSYRIA AND BABYLONIA c. 1200-1000 b.c.
D. J. Wiseman
i 6 i id) Boundary stone (kudurrü) of Meli-Shikhu. Susa.
Louvre (Sb 14). From UArt de la Mésopotamie ancienne au Musée du Louvre, p. 264.


CONTENTS
XXXVll
(b) Boundary stone (kudutru) of Nebuchadrezzar I. Abu Habbah.
British Museum (90858). Photo: Museum.
162 (a) The so-called ‘Broken Obelisk’. Nineveh.
British Museum (118898). Photo: Museum.
(b) Eight-sided clay prism inscribed with the annals of Tiglath-pileser I. Ashur.
British Museum (91033). Photo: Museum.
(c) Boundary stone (kudurru) of Marduk-nadin-ahhë.
British Museum (90841). Photo. Museum.
EGYPT: FROM THE DEATH OF RAMESSES III TO THE END OF THE TWENTY-FIRST DYNASTY
J. Cerny
163 (a) The High Priest Amenhotpe receives rewards from
Ramesses IX. Karnak.
Photo: The Epigraphic Survey. The Oriental Institute of Chicago, Luxor, Egypt.
(b) Hrihor presents bouquets to Amun. Karnak.
Photo: id.
THE END OF MYCENAEAN CIVILIZATION AND THE DARK AGE: THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND
V. R. D’A. Desborough
164 (a) Violin-bow fibula. Perati.
National Museum, Athens (M108, M109). Photo: Courtesy of Professor Iakovides.
(b) Naue II swords. Kallithea (Achaea).
Patras Museum. Photo: Deutsches Archäologisches Institut, Athens.
(c) Arched fibulae. Athens.
National Museum, Athens. Photo: Deutsches Archäologisches Institut, Athens.
(d) Dress pin.
Privately owned.


XXX VI11
CONTENTS
165 (a) Trefoil-lipped oinochoe. Mycenae.
National Museum, Athens. From FLMV pi. 37, no. 382.
(b) Stirrup jar. Mycenae.
National Museum, Athens. From FLMV pi. 38, no. 393.
(r) Stirrup jar. Asine.
Medelhausmusmeet, Stockholm. From Asine 397) %· 260, 3.
166 LH III c Octopus-style stirrup jars.
(a) Perati.
Brauron, Athens. From Perati in, pi. 73, no.
261 tomb 15p.
(b) Naxos.
Naxos Museum. From Ergon 1959, fig. 139.
(c) Cos.
Kos Museum. From Anm. NS 27-8, fig. 1966 tomb 3q.
167 Submycenaean vases.
(a) Lekythos. Athens.
National Museum, Athens. Photo: Deutsches Archäologisches Institut, Athens.
(b) Amphoriskos. Athens.
National Museum, Athens. Photo: Deutsches Archäologisches Institut, Athens.
(c) Neck-handled amphora. Athens.
National Museum, Athens. Photo: Deutsches Archäologisches Institut, Athens.
(d) Stirrup jar. Athens.
National Museum, Athens. Photo: Deutsches Archäologisches Institut, Athens.
(<e) Trefoil-lipped oinochoe. Athens.
National Museum, Athens. Photo: Deutsches Archäologisches Institut, Athens.
(/) Bowl. Lefkandi, Euboea.
Eretria Museum. From Excavations at Lefkandi 1964—66, fig. 53.


CONTENTS
XXXIX
168 (a) Pyxis. Lefkandi, Euboea.
Eretria Museum. From Excavations at Lefkandi, 1964-66, fig. 35.
(b) Helmet. Tiryns.
Nauplia Museum. Photo: Deutsches Archäologisches Institut, Athens.
169 Protogeometric vases from Athens. Ceramicus Museum.
(a) Trefoil-lipped oinochoe. Ceramicus.
Photo: Deutsches Archäologisches Institut, Athens.
(b) Belly-handled amphora. Nea Ionia.
From Ker. iv, pi. 15, no. 2072, T.48.
(c) Neck-handled amphora. Nea Ionia.
From Ker. 1, pi. 57, no. 672, T.17.
(^) Skyphos. Ceramicus.
From Ker. 1, pi. 68, no. 547, T. 15.
(e) 	Lekythos. Ceramicus.
Photo: Deutsches Archäologisches Institut, Athens.
170 (a) Goddess. Karphi.
Heraklion Museum. From BJA 38, pi. 31.
(b) Centaur. Lefkandi, Euboea.
Eretria Museum. From BJA 65 pis. 8-10.
171 Subminoan vases from Cnossus. Heraklion Museum.
(a) Stirrup jar.
(h) Trefoil-lipped oinochoe.
(c) Stirrup jar.
(d) Belly-handled amphora.
172 Protogeometric vases from Cnossus. Heraklion Museum.
(a) Neck-handled amphora.
From Fortetsa pi. 16, 226, T.v.
(b) Stirrup jar.
From Fortetsa pi. 12, 141, T.xi.
(c) Bell krater.
From Fortetsa pi. 4, 45, T.vi.
(d) Krateriskos.
From Fortetsa pi. 11, 164, T.xi.


xl
CONTENTS
(e) 	Pyxis.
From Fortetsa pi. 6, 52, T.vi. (/) Skyphos.
From Fortetsa pi. 12, 187, T.xi.
THE WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN Glyn Daniel and J. D. Evans
173 	(a) Spiral patterns carved in relief in the Tarxien Temples. Photo: Valletta Museum.
(b) Spiral patterns painted on a ceiling in the Hal Saflieni Hypogeum.
(c) Façade of rock-cut tomb with carved pilasters. Southeast Sicily.
Photo: Soprintendenza aile Antichità, Siracusa.
174 	(a) Huts of the Bronze Age village at Punta Milazzese, Panarea (Lipari Islands).
Photo: Soprintendenza aile Antichità, Siracusa.
(b) Nuraghe Su Nuraxis, Barumini, Sardinia.
175 	(a) Bronze figure of the Nuraghic period of Sardinia. Teti, Abini.
(b) Bronze figurine of the Nuraghic period in Sardinia. Urzulei, Nuoro.
Museo Nazionale di Cagliari.
(1c) The Dama de Elche, Head of an Iberian statue.
Museo del Prado. Photo: Museum.
(d) 	Têtes coupées from Entremont, South France.
Photo: Foto Bührer, Schaffhausen.
176 	(a) Statue of standing ‘divine’ figure of limestone from the Hagar Qim Temples, Malta.
(b) Vases with symbolic pattern. Los Miliares.
Ashmolean Museum (Pr. 129). Photos: Museum.
(c) Bronze situla from an Etruscan burial vault at the cemetery of Certosa.
Museo Civico, Bologna. Photo : Museum.


CONTENTS
xli
GREEK SETTLEMENT IN THE EASTERN AEGEAN AND ASIA MINOR J. M. Cook
177 Fragment of Ionic Geometric vase at Smyrna.
British School at Athens. Photo: British School at Athens.
THE RELIGION AND MYTHOLOGY OF THE
GREEKS W. K. C. Guthrie
178 (a) Gold ring, showing an altar. Thebes.
Benaki Museum, Athens. From M. Nilsson, Geschichte der griechischen Religion hi (3rd ed.), pi. 19, 2.
(b) Stone receptacle with four depressions in the top. Kumasa.
From ibid. pi. 5, 1.
(c) Offering table. Phaestus.
Heraklion Museum. From ibid. pi. 4, 1.
(d) Double axes on top of bucrania. Amphora from Pseira.
Heraklion Museum. From ibid. pi. 8, 1.
(e) Pier with double axes incised on its block. Cnossus.
From ibid. pi. 9, 3.
179 Snake goddesses: (a) faience, (J?) gold and ivory. Cnossus.
Heraklion Museum. From Nilsson, Geschichte der griechischen Religion ni (3rd ed.), p. 15, 1 and 3.
(c) Sacrificial scene from a sarcophagus. Hagia Triada. Heraklion Museum. From ibid. pi. 10.
180 (d) Model of a shrine with horns of consecration and birds.
Mycenae.
National Museum, Athens. From Nilsson, Geschichte der griechischen Religion in (3rd ed.), pi. 7, i.
(1h) Column with horns of consecration and animals; seal- impression. Mycenae.
National Museum, Athens. From ibid. pi. 12, 2.


xlii
CONTENTS
(ic) Sealstone showing goddess with double axe on her head. Mycenae.
National Museum, Athens. From ibid. pi. 21, 1.
(d) 	Goddess with shield. Painted limestone plaque. Mycenae.
National Museum, Athens. From ibid. pi. 24, 1. 18 i Zeus with the scales of destiny. Mycenaean vase. Enkomi.
Cyprus Museum. From Nilsson, Geschichte der griechischen Religion in (3rd ed.), pi. 25, 1.


Plate i
ω
Μ
(*)
Μ
(/)
(-0 Μ
i 	Antler and bone artifacts from Star Carr, Yorkshire, England. (a) Mattock-head of elk antler and bone (2/3). (b) Base of mask made from stag frontlet and antler (1/4). (c) Probable leather-working tool of aurochs bone (2/3). Barbed spear-heads of stag antler (1/2, 2/3, 1/2, 3/5). (1.1.97)


Plate 2
«
w
00
(0
(/)
(.£)
2 	Maglemosian (*)-(£) and Early Coastal (h) art and equipment. (*)-(^) Pine- bark net-floats from Antrea, Finland (c. 2/3) (c) Bone fish-hook from Sværdborg,
Denmark ( 1 /1 ). (d) Remains of fishing net from Antrea, Finland (c. 4/5). (e)—
(/) Animal figurines of amber, probably from Denmark (2/3). (g) Scene engraved
on aurochs bone from Ryemarksgaard, Denmark ( 1 /1 ). (ti) Slotted bone point with flint insets from Trorod, Copenhagen (2/3). (1.1.98ÎF.)


Plate 3
3 	The Sumerian King List: The ‘Weld-Blundell Prism’ (clay, h. 20 cm) inscribed with the names and length of reigns, with occasional biographical notes, of ante-diluvian kings and of the kings of the first nineteen dynasties ‘after the Flood’, ending with the Dynasty of Isin. 19th century b.c. Larsa? (1.1.200)


Plate 4
4 	The Assyrian King List: Reverse of the ‘Khorsabad King List’ (clay, 18x13 cm)· The list giyes the names and length of reigns of 107 kings, from the first 17 ‘kings who dwelt in tents’ (i.e. were tribal chiefs) to Ashur-nirari V (753-746 b.c.). This copy is dated 738 b.c. Khorsabad (Dür-Sharrukin).
(1-1 · 195)


Plate 5
5 (a) Clay wall relief of a pair of leopards, male and female (it m each). Çatal Hüyük Level VII,
c. 6200 B.c. (1. i. 312)
5 {I?) Wall painting of a wild-bull hunt. Çatal Hüyük Level V, c. 5900 b.c. (1.1.312)


Plate 6
6 (a) Copy of a wall painting showing a vul¬
ture devouring human corpses. Çatal Hüyük Level VII, c. 6200 b.c. (1.1.312)
6 (b) The domestic quarter of Hacilar Level II, c. 5400 b.c. (1.1.319)


Plate 7
7 (a) A section of the fortress of Hacilar Level I, c. 5250 b.c. (i
w
.i.3i9f·)
7 (^)-(c) Polychrome pottery from Hacilar : (b) vase with geometric decoration (d. 20 cm), Level
II, c. 5400 b.c. ; (r) dish with face-mask decoration (2 3 x 20 cm), Level I, c. 5 2 50 b.c. (i.i.322f.)


Plate 8
oo ^
I Early Mesopotamian decorated pottery. Top row: Hajji Muhammad ware, c. 3900—3700 b.c.; remainder: Eridu ware, ■. 4300—3900 b.c. All from Eridu. (1.1.33off.)


Plate 9
Μ
(Ο
(<0
oo
(/)
9 (*) Rippled pottery bowl (d. 23-5 cm). Badärian. El-Mustagidda. (1.1.471) (ό) Sc (c) Pottery
vase with representations of boats bearing the fertility goddess and her consort (h. 30-0 cm). Naqäda II. Naqäda. (i. i .481, 489) (d) Sc (e) Black topped pot with an image of the fertility goddess
(h. 42-8 cm). Naqäda I. Naqäda. (1. 1.480, 493) (/) Red pottery vessel with white cross-lined
decoration (h. 25*5 cm). Naqäda I. Naqäda. (1. 1.474, 477)


Plate io
Μ
(*)
ω
w
(/)
ίο (a) Ripple-flaked flint knife (1. 23-5 cm). Naqäda II. Naqäda. (i. 1.491) (A) Bifacial flint
knife (1. 35 cm). Naqäda I. Naqäda. (1.1.478) (<r) Copper pin (1. 9-3 cm). Naqada I. Naqäda.
(1.1.480) (/) Copper chisel (1. 8-3 cm). Naqäda II. Naqäda. (1.1.486) (ή Copper adze
(1. 117 cm). Naqäda II. Hamra Döm. (1.1.486) (/) Copper dagger (1. 15-0 cm). Naqäda
II. El-Amra. (1.1.486) (g) Silver dagger (1. 12-5 cm). Naqäda II. El-Amra. (1.1.486)
(A) Copper dagger (1. 26-5 cm). Naqäda II. Naqäda. (i. 1.486)


Plate ii
Μ
(Ο
(-0
Μ
ii 	(tf) Painted pottery figure of a woman (h. 9*5 cm). Badärian. El-Badäri. (1.1.491, 494). (b) Clay figure of a woman (h. 13-0 cm). Naqäda I. Abâdïya. (1.1.496) (c) Ivory figure of a
man (h. 35-0 cm). Naqäda I. El-Mahäsna. (1.1.496) (^) Ivory hippopotamus (1. 8*o cm).
Badärian. El-Mustagidda. (1.1.494) (e) Symbol of the fertility goddess (h. 4-9 cm). Naqäda II. Naqäda. (i. i. 494)


Plate 12
12 (a) Pottery model of a house (1. 46*5 cm). At the opposite end to the door are two windo1
placed high up in the wall. Since the roof is intact the front part of the house seems to have been open court. Naqäda II. El-Amra. (1.1.484-5)
12 (6) Pottery model of a battlemented wall with two sentinels
standing against the inner side (h. 10*5 cm). Naqäda I—IL Abâdïya (1.1.476)


Plate 13
Μ
τ3 (α) Jericho: the tower (h. 8-50 m) of the Pre-pottery Neolithic A period. 8th millennium b.c. (i. i . 500) (<£) Beidha: sandstone houses of Level VI. Pre-pottery Neolithic B, 7th millennium b.c.
(1.1.506)
«  113 (c) One ten skulls with the flesh modelled in plaster and the eyes replaced by sea-shells found
in a house of Pre-pottery Neolithic B Jericho. (1.1. 504) (^) Pottery figurine of Yarmukian type.
Munhäta, Level lib. (1.1.515)


Plate 14
14 (a) A hoard of copper objects found in a cave in
the Wädi Mahras (Nahal Mishmär). Chalcolithic period. (1.1.527).
14 (^) Copy of a wall painting. Chalcolithic period. Teleilat Ghassul, Level IV.
(1.1.522)


Plate 15
Μ
15 (a) Bone figurine with inlaid eyes. Chalcolithic period. Tell Abu Mätär. (1.1.525)
(b) Red and grey burnished pottery. Chalcolithic period. Tell el-Fär‘ah near Nablus, tomb 3.
(l-I · 532)
M
15 (c) Terracotta ossuary in the shape of a house. Chalcolithic period.
‘Azor. (1.1.528)


Plate i6
w
V)
V)
16 	Vessels and a statuette from Cyprus, (a) Decorated stone bowl (1. 30-5 cm) found with a burial. Neolithic I. Khirokitia. (1.1.545) (^) Spouted bowl (d. 32-5 cm) of combed ware. Neolithic II. Khirokitia. (1. 1.547) (c) Cruciform stone statuette (h. 1 5-6 cm). Chalcolithic I.
Region of Pomos. (1. 1.554) (ώ') Deep jar (h. c. 5-3 cm) of red-on-white ware. Chalcolithic
I. Erimi. (i. 1.553)


Plate 17
17 	Bone and stone implements. Aceramic Neolithic. Argissa in Thessaly. (1.1.568)


Plate i8
i 8 Early Neolithic site at Nea Nikomedeia in Macedonia.
(a) Aerial view of site from the east. (i. i. 577)
(b) Steatopygous female figurine of clay from the large central structure, perhaps a shrine. The figurine may represent the ‘Mother Goddess’. (1.1.578)


19 Early Neolithic site at Nea Nikomedeia in Macedonia (cont.).
Plate 19
(a) Frogs beautifully modelled in greenstone. (1.1. 580)
(^) Stamp seals of clay with maeandroid pattern. (1.1. 581-2)


Plate 20
Ο)
(*)
0)
00
w
20 	Neolithic pottery. (<z) Painted vase of early style. Early Neolithic. Chaeronea in Boeotia. (1.1.585-6) (b) Ditto of late style. (1.1.585-6) (c) Urfirnis jug. Middle Neolithic. Lerna in Argolis. (1.1.594) (d) Ditto bowl fragment. (1.1.594-5) (e) Ditto bowl fragment with
painted patterns. (1.1. 596)


Plate 21
Μ
Μ
w
21 	Standing female figurines of clay. Middle Neolithic. (a) With highly burnished red slip. Lerna. (^)-(f) With linear patterns and wavy lines in Urfirnis glaze-paint. Lerna and Corinth. (1.1.596)


Plate 22
w
(*)
22 	Neolithic pottery (cont.). (*) Fragment of four-legged vase. End of Middle Neolithic. Elatea in Phocis. (1.1.598) (b) Reconstruction of four-legged vase, used for cult purposes. (1.1.598)
(c) Matt-painted jar on high stand, with face painted on neck. Late Neolithic. Elatea. (1.1.601-2)
(d) Jar with incised rectilinear and spiraliform designs. Late Neolithic. Dhimini in Thessaly. (1.1.60 5)


Plate 23
>w
(*)
w
2
00
3 w
(/)
23 (1) Scoop-like incised vessels. Late Neolithic. (<z) Sesklo in Thessaly. (1.1.605)
(6) Ceos. (1.1.605) (2) (c)-(d) Jars with white-painted patterns on red-polished
surface. Late Neolithic. Agora of Athens. (1.1.607) (3) Standing male figure
of white marble. Early Neolithic, Phase I. Cnossus, Stratum VIII. (1.1.610)
3
C AH


Plate 24
Μ
Μ
24 Pottery of Early Neolithic, Phase I. Cnossus, from pits in Stratum VIII. (1.1.610)


Plate 25
25 Cast of the Palermo Stone {recto). The top line gives the names of predy- nastic kings. Lines 2-5 refer to events in the Early Dynastic Period and in the first five years of the 3rd Dynasty. The bottom line records events in the reign of King Sneferu (first king of the 4th Dynasty). 5 th Dynasty, c. 2450 b.c. (See General Indexes, 1. 1.730 and 1.2.1043)
3-2


Plate 26
26 The Abydos king-list. The uppermost and the middle rows of cartouches contain the names of kings in chronological order, beginning with Menes and ending with Sethos I. In the bottom line the names of Sethos I are repeated. 19th Dynasty, c. 1310 b.c. Temple of Sethos I at Abydos. (See General Indexes, 1 . 1.679 and 1 . 2. 1013)


Plate 27
27 	Columns 3—5 of the Turin canon. The fragmentary remains of entries in these columns record the names of kings from the 2nd to the 12th Dynasties and the length of each reign. 19th Dynasty, Ramesses II, c. 1250 b.c. (See General Indexes, 1.1.752 and 1.2.1055)


Plate 28
(*)
'j')
(Ο
28 (a) Red granite stela inscribed with the Horus-name of Reneb (h. 99*0 cm). 2nd Dynasty,
c. 2850 B.c. Probably Saqqara. (1.2.30) (^) Ivory docket showing Den smiting an Easterner
with a mace (w. 5-4 cm), ist Dynasty, c. 3000 b.c. Abydos. (1.2.27) (c) Limestone trial-
piece showing two figures of a king in <SV^-festival dress, birds and a baboon (w. 39-3 cm), ist Dynasty, c. 3000 b.c. Saqqara. (1.2.21)


Plate 29
(Ό
29 (a) Conjectural reconstruction of a brick mastaba dated to the time of Queen Mer(it)neith
(1. 42-5 m). ist Dynasty, c. 3000 b.c. Saqqara. (1.2.61) (b) Black steatite disk inlaid with
coloured stones showing hounds hunting gazelles (d. 8-7 cm), ist Dynasty, c. 3000 b.c. Saqqara. (1.2.69)


Plate 30
30 (a) The ‘Overseer’ Ebikh-il.
Alabaster, eyes of shell and lapis lazuli set in bitumen; inscribed (h. 52-5 cm). Early Dynastic \\\b. Mari (temple of Ishtar). (1.2.115,29$)
30 (b) Limestone plaque (h. 32 cm). The top register de¬
picts a banquet scene; the lower registers show attendants bringing the materials of the feast. Early Dynastic II. Khafâjï. (1.2.13 5f.)
30 (c) Inlaid shell figures. (The restoration of the first figure in the bottom row as a standard bearer
is incorrect: the ‘standard’ is actually a rein-ring, and its shaft a length of rope.) Early Dynastic III b. Mari (temple of Ishtar). (1.2 . 121, 295)


Plate 31
31 (a) Wooden board overlaid with plaster on which are written names of early kings. 5 th
Dynasty, c. 2450 b.c. Giza (Western cemetery, tomb G. 1011). (1.2.30, 1 50, 205)
31 (b) Head of a seated limestone statue of Prince
Hemiunu (h. of statue 1-56 m). 4th Dynasty, c. 2580 b.c. Giza. (1.2.166,206)


Plate 32
32 (a) The Queens’ pyramids and the royal cemetery on the east side of the
pyramid of Cheops. 4th Dynasty, c. 2580 b.c. Giza. (1.2.169)
32 (ό) Painted reliefs in the rock-cut tomb of Queen Meresankh III,
wife of Chephren. The queen is shown in the centre, her mother, Hetepheres II, on her right and her son, Nebemakhet, on her left. 4th Dynasty, c. 2500 b.c. Giza. (1.2.175)


Plate 33
33 (a) Decree dated to the sixty-first year of the reign of Phiops II. Its contents refer to the pyramid-town of
Mycerinus. 6th Dynasty, c. 2200 b.c. Giza (Temple of Mycerinus). (1.2.195-6)
33 (^) Painted limestone relief showing bears and a
Syrian vase. 5th Dynasty, c. 2480 b.c. AbusTr (Temple of Sahure). (1.2.183,350)


Plate 34
(«)
V)
34 (a) Tell el-Fär‘ah: the city-gate, looking to the entrance into the town. Early Bronze Ib,
(1.2.216f.) (h) Tell el-Fär‘ah: the Early Bronze strata (mostly 1^), looking to the north¬
east. In the foreground: a street leading to the rampart bordered by houses, and the sanctuary. Top left: stone rampart of Early Bronze II. (1.2.217)


Plate 35
w
35 (a) ‘Ai: the main hall of the ‘palace’, seen from the north. Early Bronze III.
(1.2.221) (b) ‘Ai: last stage of the sanctuary, seen from the north-east. From left to
right; the entrance hall, the cult-room with a dais (bottom), and the cella with the altar {top). Early Bronze III. (1.2.22if.)


Plate 36
00
(*)
36 	(ia) Megiddo: the sanctuary of Levels XVIII-XVI, looking south. The round structure is an altar, the first example of a bämäh. Early Bronze III. (1.2.222h) (b) Bäb ed-Drä‘ :
the funerary building A 21 after removal of most of the bone piles. Early Bronze II—III. (1.2.225)


Plate 37
«
(*)
37 (0) Tell el-Fär‘ah: pottery kiln; it has two chambers separated by a sleeper sup¬
ported by a pillar and pierced with flues, the lower chamber for the fire, the upper one for stacking the pots. End of Early Bronze I. (1.2.227) (b) Kirbet Karak : detail of
large building showing the platform and one of the paved circles containing four low projections. Early Bronze III. (1.2.229h)


Plate 38
Μ
(Ο
38 	(a) Baetyl in the temple of ‘Ninni-zaza’ at Mari. Early Dynastic Wlb. (1.2.329) (6) male copper figurines of worshippers (h. 13 and 17 cm). Early Bronze I—II. Tell Judaidah. (1c) Funerary boat of Cheops (1. 42-65 m) reassembled. 4th Dynasty, c. 2580 b.c. Giza. (1.2
Female and (1.2.342)
• 347)


Plate 39
w
w
(<0
M
39 (λ) Figure of a stag (h. 52 cm), copper with gold plating and electrum inlays. Early Bronze II.
AlacaHüyük. (1.2.391) (6)-(d) Copper ‘standards’: (J>) with figures of stag and bulls (h. 22cm);
(c) with figure of bull and geometric pattern (h. 19 cm); (d) with geometric pattern (h. 32 cm). Early Bronze II. Alaca Hüyük. (1.2.391)


Plate 40
(i)
W
40 (a) Gold drinking-cup (h. 13 cm). Early Bronze IL Alaca Hüyük. (1.2.394) (b) Wall and
tower of the small fortress known as T roy I, seen from the south-west. (1.2.413) (c) The mound of Hisarlik, identified with Troy, seen from the north. (1.2.411 )


Plate 41
Μ
Μ
(*)
41 	(tf) Limestone stela with representation of a human face. Early Bronze Age. Troy I. (1.2.413) (b) Cuneiform tablet : letter from a man striving to restore his farm amid the attacks
of the Gutians. Reign of Shar-kali-sharri, 2217-2193 b.c. (1.2.450, 456) (r) Cuneiform
tablet: list of provisions, trees and wooden objects, c. 2270 b.c. (1.2.450)


Plate 42
3
4
5
42 (a) Victory stela (pink sandstone, h. 2 m) of Naram-Sin (225 4-2 218 b.c.) picturing his triumph over
the king of Lullubi. Susa. (1.2.443) (b) Alabaster statuette (h. 46 cm) of Ur-Ningirsu, son of Gudea
of Lagash. The relief on the base shows men carrying offerings, c. 21 $0 b.c. (1.2.460) (c) ‘Indus
Valley’-type stamp seals. The square one (view of back of original and modern impression of face, 27 x 23 mm) bears a cuneiform inscription; the round ones (modern impressions, d. 25, 31 and 22 mm) are inscribed in the Indus script. Agade period, 24th-23rd centuries b.c. Ur (2, 4), Babylonia (1, 3). (1-2-453)


Plate 43
i
2
3
43 {a) Impressions of cylinder seals of the Agade period show¬
ing religious ceremonies (1 : h. 32 mm, d. 20 mm; 2 : h. 26 mm, d. 15 mm; 3 : h. 35 mm, d. 22 mm), c. 2270 b.c. (i . 2.45 i)
43 (b) Painted wooden model with representations of Egyptian soldiers carrying spears, copper-
tipped lances and leather shields (1. 1*93 m). çth-ioth Dynasties, c. 2130 b.c. Asyüt. (1.2.469)


Plate 44
44 	Biographical stela of the Chancellor Tjetji, who held office under Wahankh and Nakhtnebtep- nefer. In the lower register, behind the large figure of Tjetji, are representations of his Treasurer, Megegi, and his Companion, Tjeru (h. 1-5 m). nth Dynasty, c. 2065 b.c. Dirä Abu’n-Naga. (1.2.477)


Plate 45
Μ
(*)
45 (a) Black granite statue of Sesostris III (h. 1*35 m). 12th Dynasty, c. i860 b.c. Deir el-
Bahri (Temple of Nebhepetre Mentuhotpe II). (1.2.505) (b) Festival pavilion of Sesostris I. 12th Dynasty, c. 1950 b.c. Karnak. (1.2.502)


Plate 46
(*)
(ο
46 (a) Bronze toggle-pin and wea¬
pons. Early Bronze-Middle Bronze period. Megiddo (tomb 1101B). (1.2.579) (b) Bronze toggle-pins.
Early Bronze-Middle Bronze period. Megiddo (shaft tombs). (1.2.581) ( c) Bronze toggle-pin, beads and bracelets. Early Bronze-Middle Bronze period. Ras Shamra (tomb LXI). (1.2.585)


Plate 47
47 	Tores and other bronze objects from a temple-offering deposit placed in a jar (no. 2132) at Byblos. (1.2.588fr.)


Plate 48
48 	Bronze figurines from a temple-offering deposit placed in a jar (no. 2000) at Byblos. (1.2.588fr.)


Plate
Μ
(Ο
(*)
49 	(a) Ur: the north-west staircase of the zikkurrat. Time of Ur-Nammu, 2113-2096 B.c. (1.2.599) (J>) Scenes from a sculptured stone stela (h. 3 m) descriptive of Ur-Nammu’s building of the temple of the Moon-god. 2113-2096 b.c. Ur. (1.2.599,628) (c) Inscribed alabaster slab (h. 5 3 cm) recording
Shu-Sin’s repulse of an Amori te raid and his building of the temple of Shara at Umma. 2030 b.c. Umma. (1.2.609h)


Plate
5°
(*)
W
50 (a) Ur‘.entrance to the tomb of King Shulgi (2095-2048 B.c.). (1.2.607) (^) Hurrian founda¬
tion deposit. Bronze lion (h. 12*2 cm) and stone tablet (12-2 x 8*5 cm) inscribed in Hurrian by Tisari (or: Tisatal), king of Urkish. Agade period (24th-2 3rd centuries b.c.). ‘Amuda, N. Syria. (1.2.624h) (c) Bronze plaque (15 x 11*7 cm) inscribed in Akkadian by the Hurrian king Arisen (or: Atalsen) of Urkish and Nawar. Agade period (24th-23rd centuries b.c.). Samarra (?). (1.2.624h)


Plate 51
Μ
Μ
(*)
5ΐ (a) Dolerite statue (h. 88 cm) of a ruler, probably of Eshnunna. c. 2000 b.c. Susa. (1.2.629) (b) Seal impression on a clay bulla (1. 5-5 cm): King Ibbi-Sin (2029-2006 b.c.) making a presentation to one of his officials. Nippur. (1.2 -630) (r) Bronze foundation figurine (h. 28 cm) of Ur-Nammu
(2113-2096 b.c.). Uruk. (1.2.631)


Plate 52
Μ
w
52 (<7) Fragment (h. 50 cm) of a stone stela of Sargon of Agade (2371-2316 b.c.). Top row: prisoners
of war; bottom row: the king (identified by an inscription) at the head of his troops. Susa. (1.2.432, 648f.) (b) Fragment (h. 14-6 cm) of an alabaster figure of the Elamite king Kutik (or: Puzur)-In-
Shushinak (c. 2240 b.c.), with an Akkadian inscription. Susa. (1.2.652) (c) Limestone statue
(h. 84 cm) of the Elamite goddess Narundi, with an inscription of Kutik-In-Shushinak in Elamite and Akkadian, c. 2240 b.c. Susa. (1.2.669)


Plate 53
w
(*)
w
53 (a) Limestone relief (h. 57 cm) showing the Elamite god In-Shushinak supporting a peg of bronze
and cedar wood before the figure of a lion. Behind him stands a goddess, probably Narundi. Inscribed in Elamite and Akkadian by Kutik-In-Shushinak, c. 2240 b.c. Susa. (1.2.675) (P) Kurängän: rock
relief showing a god sitting on a serpent-throne and pouring a libation, c. 2150 b.c. (1.2.673) M ^u" rängän : rock relief showing worshipper on steps approaching the main group, c. 2150 b.c. (1.2.673)


Plate 54
w
V)
(0
54 (a) Gold jug (h. 42 cm), c. 2200 b.c. Mahmatlar. (1.2.686) () Cappadocian painted pot¬
tery: storage jars (h. 97 and 93 cm) c. 2100 b.c. Kültepe. (1.2.687)


Plate 55
Μ
(*)
Μ
OO
55 (^) Copper statuette (h. 21*5 cm) of naked woman suckling her child, c. 2200 b.c.
Horoztepe. (1.2.690) (6) Bronze crescentic axeheads. c. 2200 b.c. Horoztepe.
(1.2.691) (r) Spouted jug with handle in form of horse and rider, c. 2000 b.c. Kiiltepe,
kärum Level II. (1.2.687) (d) Bronze knife with curling tip (1. 20 cm), c. 2100 b.c.
Denizli. (1.2.699)
4
CAH


Plate 56
00
00
56 (tf) Grey-brown bowl. Sub-Neolithic. Eutresisin Boeotia. (1.2.778) («£) Red burnished-ware
jug. Early Helladic I. Eutresis. (1.2.778) (c) Gold sauceboat. Early Helladic II. Western Arcadia.
(1.2.789) (d) Pottery sauceboat. Early Helladic II. Lerna III. (1.2.785)


Plate 57
«
w
57 (tf) and (^) Glazed pottery saucers. Early Helladic II. Eutresis. (1.2.779)
57 (c) Typical site of an Early Helladic village. Promontory at Kaki Thalassa, Attica. (1.2.781)
4-2


Plate 58 (*)
58 (a) Palace, known as the ‘House of Tiles’ {c. 12x25 m)> ins^e a fortified citadel. Early Helladic
II. Lerna III. (1.2.784) (b) Low tumulus of soil (d. c. 19 m) bordered by a ring of stones, over the
debris of the ‘House of Tiles’. Lerna III/IV. (1.2.785)


Plate 59
w
{/>)
59 (a) Pottery tankard, decorated in white paint on a dark ground. Early Helladic III. Lerna
(1.2.779) (^) Pottery jar, decorated in dark paint on a light ground. Early Helladic III. Lerna
(1.2.779)
> >


Plate 6o
)
60 Pots and artifacts of Lerna in Argolis. Early Helladic III. Lerna IV. (a) Pottery cups and (6) grey pottery bowl. (1.2.786) (c) Terracotta double hook or‘anchor’. (1.. 2.774, 786)


Plate 61
w
61 	Pottery from the Cyclades, (a) Sauceboat, decorated in lustrous dark paint on a light ground. Early Cycladic II. Naxos. (1.2.796) (^) Dark-coloured burnished jar. Early Cycladic II. Syros.
(1.2.798)


Plate 62
(*)
w
62 	Figurines in marble from the Cyclades. Early Cycladic. (1.2.798) (a) Naturalistic but highly stylized figurine, (b) Figurine representing a flute player. Keros. (c) Figurine representing a harpist. Keros.


Plate 63
Μ
(*)
(Ο
(<0
63 	Pottery from Crete. (a) Tall chalice, decorated with burnished patterns. Sub-Neolithic. Pyrgos. (1.2.801) {/?) Jug decorated in red-brown paint on a light ground. Early Minoan I. Ayios Onou-
phrios. (1.2.801) (c) Jug decorated in dull white paint on a lustrous black slip. Early Minoan
III. Mochlos. (<d) Red-brown mottled jug. Early Minoan II. Vasiliki. (1.2.802)


Plate 64
Μ
(*)
w
64 (*) Terracotta model of an open-air sanctuary, found in a tomb. Early Cypriot III. Bellapais.
(1.2.817) (^) Red polished-ware jug (Philia stage), with flat base, tall neck and cut-away mouth.
Early Cypriot I. Philia. (1.2.812) (<r) ‘Plank-shaped’terracotta statuette of red polished-ware. Early
Cypriot III. (1.2.819)


Plate 65
65 	Mari: axonometric perspective of the Palace. 18th century b.c. (11.1. nf.)


Plate 66
66 	Central panel of the ‘Investiture Painting’, a large fresco (2*50 x 1-75 m) in courtyard 106 of the Palace of Mari. Upper register: the king (Zimrilim?) receives the insignia of power from the goddess Ishtar; lower register : goddesses with ‘flowing vases’. 18 th century b.c. (11.1.12)


Plate 67
67 (a) Specimen of fresco from the Level VII palace at Alalakh. Late
i8th-early 17th centuries b.c. (11.1.33)
67 (b) Alalakh : the Level VII city-gate, general view of the gateway from
the inside. Late i8th-early 17th centuries b.c. (ii. i . 33)


Plate 68
Μ
(*)
W
OO
(/)
68 	Impressions from cylinder seals in the so-called ‘Syrian style’ (a: h. 26 mm, d. 10 mm S:h. 23 mm, d. 10 mm;r:h. 22 mm, d. 10 mm;^*h. 12 mm, d. 18 mm;^:h. 23 mm, d. 11 mm f: h. 2i*5 mm, d. 11 mm). 2nd quarter of 2nd millennium b.c. (ii. i .40)


Plate 69
69 Title-page of the Rhind Mathematical Papyrus, a document copied by a scribe named Ahmose from a ‘writing of antiquity’ in the thirty-third year of Auserre Apophis I. The historical details are written in three vertical columns on the right-hand side. The main text consists of a table setting out the division of 2 by odd numbers to 101 and eighty-four arithmetical problems with their solutions (1. of entire papyrus 5-25 m). 1 5 th Dynasty, c. 1580 b.c.


Plate 70
70 	Wooden statue of King Awibre Hor (h. 1*77 m). Originally it was covered with a greyish paint and an apron was suspended from a girdle around the waist. Each hand held a sceptre. The arms above the head show that the statue symbolizes the ka (spirit or double) of the king. His tomb lay within the pyramid-enclosure of Ammenemes III, a location which suggests a family connection. 13th Dynasty, c. 1750 B.c. Dahshur. (11.1.46)


Plate 71
00
(à)
71 	(a) Green schist statuette of Meryankhre Mentuhotpe (h. 22 cm) formerly in the collection of the Duke of Northumberland. 13th Dynasty, c. 1700 b.c. Karnak. (11. i. 53). (^) Bronze dagger of an official of Nebkhepeshre Apophis III named
Nehmen (1*35 cm). The wooden hilt, overlaid with electrum, shows Nehmen thrusting a spear into a lion which is attacking an antelope. 16th Dynasty, c. 157° b.c. Saqqara. (11.1.64)


Plate 72
72 (a) Jericho (Trench I): the Middle Bronze II rampart with plastered
face. (11.1.91 f.)
72 (b) Jericho (Trench II) : section through the Middle Bronze II rampart.


Plate 73
73 	Aerial view of the site of Hazor.


Plate 74
74 Middle Helladic pottery from Lerna in Argolis. (11.1.119)
(a) Grey Minyan kantharos.
(p) Matt-painted cup.
(1c) Matt-painted kantharos.


75 Middle Helladic pottery from Lerna (cont.). (11.1.120)
Plate 75
(a) Matt-painted barrel-jar.
(^) Jar with pattern in lustrous dark paint on a light ground.


Plate 76
76 (a) Bored stone hammer-axe. Early Helladic III. Lerna, (b) Flask in hand-made black burnished
ware with incised pattern. Middle Helladic. Lerna. (c) Spouted jar imported from Crete (M.M. Ib/ M.M. I la). From Middle Helladic grave, Lerna.


Plate 77
Μ
(*)
77 Middle Cycladic pottery. (11.1.129) (a) Jar with decoration in semi-lustrous paint. Provenance
uncertain. (b) Barrel-jar with decoration in dull paint. Phylakopi.


Plate 78
78 (a) Middle Helladic houses at Lerna, (ό) Middle Helladic grave, Lerna. (11.1.134)


Plate 79
79 Tomb group containing a Middle Minoan II vase. Abydos, Egypt. (11.1.143)


Plate 8o
80 The palace at Phaestus in Crete, (n. i. 147)
(a) The central court, looking north.
80 (<£) The west entrance.


Plate 8i
(*)
OO
(/)
ω
81 	Painted pottery of the Middle Minoan period in Crete, (n. i. i 53) Middle
Minoan I. (λ) Middle Minoan II.


Plate 82
82 	Impressions taken from seals in the ‘Hieroglyphic Deposit’ at Cnossus in Crete. (11.1.157)


Plate 83
83 	Impressions taken from seals in the ‘Hieroglyphic Deposit’ cont.


Plate 84
84 	Jug of White Painted II Ware. Middle Cypriot I. Provenance unknown. (11.1.172)


Plate 85
(ii. i. 172)
85 	Jug of Red-on-Black Ware. Middle Cypriot III. Probably from the Karpass.


Plate 86
86 	Painted limestone statuette of Queen Tetisheri (h. 37 cm). Her headdress is in the form of a vulture with pendent wings; the head of the bird, which was made of metal, is missing. Although she is represented as a young woman it is possible that the statuette was not made until after her death in the reign of her grandson, Amosis I. 17th-! 8th Dynasties, c. 1570 b.c. Thebes. (11.1. 306)


Plate 87
87 	Limestone statue of Queen Hatshepsut (h. 1 -96 m). Although the headdress and kilt are those of a king, the body is that of a female and the sensitive carving of the face suggests that it is an idealized portrait of the queen. The head, forearms and part of the throne were found in 1926-8 in excavations conducted by the Metropolitan Museum of Art and the remainder in 1845 by Richard Lepsius. 18th Dynasty, c. 1490 b.c. Deir el-Bahri. (11.1.407)
5
CAM


Plate 88
88 Yellow quartzite sarcophagus of Tuthmosis I (1. 2*50111) mounted on a (partly destroyed) alabaster base. According to the inscription carved in the elongated cartouche above the funerary texts, the sarcophagus was made by his son, Tuthmosis II, who is, however, not mentioned by name. Some years after his death, the body of Tuthmosis I was transferred by Hatshepsut to her tomb and put in a sarcophagus intended for herself. 18th Dynasty, c. 1512 b.c. Thebes (Valley of the Kings, tomb 38). (11.1.415)


Plate 89
5-2
89 Religious scenes on a red quartzite shrine of Queen Hatshepsut. The queen, clad in the attire of a king and wearing the ceremonial beard, stands before the bark of Amun which nine priests carry on their shoulders. Between the queen and the bark are small representations of shrines mounted on sledges. Behind the queen stands Tuthmosis III burning incense. Below are personifications of royal estates bearing offerings. 18th Dynasty, c. 1490 b.c. Karnak. (11.1. 331)


Plate 90
90 	Painted limestone head of an Osiride statue of Hatshepsut (h. 1-25 m approx.). On her head is the Double Crown of Upper and Lower Egypt and the beard of Osiris is attached to her chin. When complete, the statue measured about 3-7 m in height. It was placed with others of a similar kind in one of the niches in the uppermost court of the queen’s temple at Deir el-Bahri. 18th Dynasty, c. 1490 b.c. (ii. i .409)


Plate 91
91 	Painted limestone head of an Osiride statue of Hatshepsut, a companion piece to the one shown on PI. 90 and approximately of the same size. In this piece the face is reddish yellow and the headdress is the crown of Upper Egypt. Both the statues have naturalistic features which are suggestive of those of the queen. 18th Dynasty, c. 1490 b.c. Deir el-Bahri. (11.1.409)


Plate 92
92 	Black granite block-statue of Sennefer, Chancellor and Superintendent of the Palace in the time of Hatshepsut or Tuthmosis III (h. 87 cm). The inscription begins with a prayer to Osiris for funerary offerings, continues with a list of the deceased’s achievements and the official positions which he had held in his lifetime, and ends with a claim for a blissful afterlife. 18th Dynasty, c. 1490 b.c. Thebes. (11.1.411)


Plate 93
93 	Black granite statuette of the Chief Steward Senenmut with the Princess Neferure seated on his lap (h. 71 cm). The princess is represented wearing the side-lock characteristic of children and a ceremonial beard after the fashion of her mother, Hatshepsut (see PL 89). The statuette, which is one of a small group of its kind, is intended to symbolize the influential position occupied by Senenmut in the queen’s household. 18th Dynasty, c. 1490 B.c. Thebes. (11.1.412)


Plate 94
00
94 [a) Upper part of a schist statue of Tuthmosis III (h. of statue 2 m). Artistically it is outstanding
and the facial features suggest that it is an idealized portrait of the king. 18th Dynasty, c. 1475 b.c. Karnak. (11.1.407-8) (ό) Head of a colossal breccia seated statue of Amenophis III (h. 1*17 m).
The elongation of the face, emphasized by the downward angle of the eyes, is a sculptural innovation. 18th Dynasty, c. 1400 b.c. Thebes. (11.1.408)


95 (a) Pink granite relief showing Amenophis II in a chariot shooting arrows through
a tree-trunk and a copper target; 18th Dynasty, c. 1440 b.c. Karnak. (11.1.335) (ό) Front of a chariot of Tuthmosis IV made of wood and overlaid with gilded gesso. On each side of the king’s name are scenes of fierce battles between Egyptians and Asiatics. Beneath is the symbol of the uniting of Upper and Lower Egypt to which Asiatics are tied. 18th Dynasty, c. 1420 b.c. Thebes. (11.1.410, 415)


Plate 96
96 	Wall-painting from the tomb of the Scribe of the Royal Estates, Menna. Standing in a boat made of stems of papyrus lashed together, Menna is in the act of hurling a throw-stick (others are just reaching the target) at pin-tail ducks rising from a papyrus thicket. His wife stands behind him and his daughter kneels to pick a lotus bud from the water. In the lower register servants are shown bringing offerings to the tomb. 18th Dynasty, c. 1420 b.c. Thebes. (11.1.413)


Plate 97
97 	Wall-relief from the tomb of the Vizier Ramose. The person portrayed is a member of the household staff of the vizier whose name is not recorded in this scene. In spite of its formality the purity of line and delicate modelling of the face and body give it distinction as a work of art. An unusual feature is that the eyes are not carved but painted. 18th Dynasty, c. 1380 b.c. Thebes. (11.1. 342, 417)


98 (a) Idrimi, king of Alalakh. Limestone statue (h. 1*04 m) on basalt throne (h. 66 cm), decorated
with lions in relief on the sides. 2nd half of 16th century B.c. Açana. (11.1.43 5, 524) (b) Tuthmosis
III smites Asiatic prisoners who hold up their arms begging for mercy. Behind and beneath the prisoners are carved the names of places in Palestine and Syria. 18 th Dynasty, c. 1475 b.c. Karnak. (11.1.446,
452)


99 (*) Wall painting from the tomb of Menkheperreseneb showing foreigners bringing gifts to Tuth-
mosis III. According to the legend the first three figures represent princes of Keftiu, Kheta and Tunip, but the first at least is wrongly identified. The fourth is a Keftiuan carrying a large bull’s head rhyton. 18th Dynasty, c. 1475 b.c. Thebes. (11.1.470, 511) (b) Suppliant foreigner before an envoy of
General (later King) Horemheb (h. 50 cm). 18th Dynasty, c. 1355 b.c. Saqqara. (11.1.469, 512)


Plate ioo
ioo 	Stone stela (h. 1-42 m) depicting the Thunder god of Ugarit. 13th century b.c. Ras Shamra. (11.1.476)


Plate ιοι
ioi 	Stela showing Amenemope, a builder, adoring Mekal (h. 28*3 cm). Behind Amenemope is his son Pareemheb. 18th Dynasty, c. 1450 b.c. Beth-shan. (11.1.476)


Plate 102
Μ
102 (a) Limestone stela of a Syrian spearman (h. 30 cm). The owner,
with his spear behind him, sits drinking beer through a tube, assisted by his son. His wife sits in front of him. Amarna period, c. 137c b.c. (11.1.482) (ό) Seal of Saustatar, king of Mitanni (c. 1500-1450
b.c.); plastic reconstruction from an impression on a cuneiform tablet. Yorghan Tepe. (11.1.433,523)


Plate 103
103 (a) Bronze tablet (11 x 15*5 cm) with inscription in Byblite syllabic linear script. 2nd
millennium b.c. Byblos. (11.1. 517)
103 (b) Wall-painting depicting Syrian emissaries bringing gifts to the Egyptian court
(h. 114 cm). 18th Dynasty, c. 1420 b.c. Thebes (tomb of Sobkhotpe). (11.1.512)


Plate 104
104 	Ugarit: postern gate and glacis.


Plate 105
Μ
to
to
105 	(tf) Boar’s head axe: copper socket inlaid with gold, and iron blade ( century b.c. Ras Shamra. (11.1. 513) (^)-(c) Bottle and cup of‘Açana Ware’
showing Cretan influence (h. 14 and 11-5 cm). Late 14th century. Açana. ()
I. 19-5 cm). Late 1 5th , a variant ofNuzi Ware
II. I. 516)


Plate io6
106 (a) Ivory inlay depicting a couchant griffin (95 x 38mm). 14th century b.c. Megiddo. (11.1.413)
106 (6) Carved ivory box-lid (h. 37 cm): a woman, 106 (c) Ivory plaque (75 x 102 mm) decor-
perhaps a goddess, in a Mycenaean flounced skirt, ated with a sphinx in high relief. 14th century feeding goats. 14th century b.c. Mlnet el-Beidha. b.c. Megiddo. (11.1.513)
(11.1.512)


Plate 107
107 (a) Polychrome faience vase in the shape of a woman’s head (h. 16 cm). 14th century b.c. Mïnet
el-Beidha. (11.1. 514) (b) Handle of a walking-stick decorated with the figure of an Asiatic grandee,
possibly a caricature of a Mitannian. 18th Dynasty, c. 1355 b.c. Thebes (tomb of Tutankhamun). (11.1.451,512)


Plate io8
(a)
(*)
108 (a) Hazor: shrine in Area C, with stelae and seated stone statue, (n. i. 537h) (b) Hazor
temple in Area H. (11.1. 536h)


Plate 109
Μ
(*)
109 (a) Shechem: Late Bronze Age gate with orthostat jambs. (11.1.542) (<£) JerichoiLate
Bronze Age building in Area H. (11.1. 544)


Plate no
no Jerusalem : stone substructure of Late Bronze Age terraces. (]
• I · 546)


Plate hi
hi (a) ‘Amman: Late Bronze Age temple, (π. i. 554)
hi (ό) The Palace at Cnossus, Hall of Colonnades at the foot of the Grand Staircase in the domestic quarter. (11.1. 559-60)


Plate 112
112 (a) The Palace at Cnossus, South Propylon. (11.1. 565)
112 (ό) The Viaduct at Cnossus. (11.1. 565)


Plate i i 3
113 The Stepped Portico, reconstructed, at Cnossus. (11.1. 565)


Plate 114
114 (a) The West Façade of the Central Court, reconstructed, at Cnossus. (11.1.565)
114 (<£) Stepped Street. Gournia. (11.1.566)


Plate
"5
15 (a) A royal grave known as the Temple Tomb at Cnossus. (n . i. 567)
115 (b) ‘Toreador Fresco’ at Cnossus. (11.1. 567)


Plate ii6
i 16 (a) Keftiuina fresco painting in the tomb of Merkheperreseneb, Thebes, Egypt, (n. i. 567,
572)
116 (A) Saffron flowers, in a fresco painting at Hagia Triada in Crete, (n. 1. 568)


117 (a) Faience statuette of a priestess, sometimes called the ‘Snake Goddess’. Cnossus.
(n. i. 568) (<£) Miniature fresco painting of a religious festival. Cnossus. (11.1. 568)


Plate i i 8
Μ
(à)
Μ
118 (a) Serpentine goblet, showing foreigners before a high-ranking Minoan. Hagia Triada.
(11.1.568,572) (^) Late Minoan I vase, decorated with marine motifs; found in Egypt. (11.1.569)
(c) Amphora of the Palace Style. Late Minoan II. (11.1. 569)


Plate 119
(*)
V)
119 (a) Polychrome vase. Late Minoan II. (11.1.569) (ό) Amphora of the Palace Style. Late
Minoan II. (11.1.569)
6
CAH


Plate 120
120 (a) Minoan gold ring with adoration scene. Beehive
tomb near Vaphio, Laconia. (11.1. 570)
120 (J?) Impression taken from a seal with 120 (c) Impression taken from a seal with
hieroglyphic script. Cnossus. (11.1. 570) running lions and palmtree. Zakro. (11.1. 570)


Plate 121
6-2
121 Limestone sarcophagus painted with scenes from the cult of the dead. Hagia Triada. (11.1. 576 and 11.2.859, 863, 892h)


Plate 122
(*)
122 (a) Cnossus, smaller Throne Room with Griffin fresco. (11.1. 579) (ό) Ingots of copper from
Cyprus, found in a hoard at Hagia Triada. (11.1.578)


Plate 123
123 	Clay disk covered on both sides with stamped signs, each probably representing a syllable. Undeciphered, but perhaps in a Lycian language. Middle Minoan Illb. Palace at Phaestus in Crete. (11.1.596)


Plate 124
124 c. i·
124 (a) Mask of gold foil (h. c. 25 cm), found on the
face of the dead man. Mycenae, Shaft Grave V. (11.1.631,
633)
(6) Grave-stela from Shaft Grave V (h. 30 m). Mycenae. (11.1.631)
124 (c) Mycenaean ivory carving, showing
a helmet of boar’s tusks sewn to a leather cap. L.H. II or III. Delos. (11.1.632)


Plate 125
125 	Bronze daggers, inlaid with gold, silver and niello, (a) showing lions, deer and huntsmen, (^) showing leopards or panthers chasing wild fowl beside a river. (L. of parts illustrated c. 13 cm). Mycenae. Shaft Grave IV. (11.1.632)


Plate 126
126 	(a) Gold-plated sword-hilt of wood, embossed with patterns of spirals (1. c. 18 cm). Mycenae, Grave Delta. (11.1.631)
126 (b) Gold kantharos of Minyan shape (h. 13 cm without handles).
Mycenae, Shaft Grave IV. (11.1.632)
126 (c) Crystal vase, probably imported from Egypt (h. c. 13 cm).
Mycenae, Grave Omicron. (11.1.632)


Plate 127
Μ
(*)
V)
127 (0) Silver jug (h. c. 34 cm). Mycenae, Shaft Grave V. (11.1.632) {l?) Sc (c) Matt-painted
jars of Mainland type, but (ίV) decorated with Minoan patterns. Mycenae, Grave Beta. (11.1.633) (d) Late Helladic I jug with Minoan-style decoration (h. c. 30 cm). Mycenae, Shaft Grave I. (11.1.633)


Plate 128
128 (a) Copper axe-blade inlaid with gold griffin of Mycenaean type. Tomb of Queen Ahhotpe
Egypt. (11.1.633-4)
128 (b) Fragment of silver rhyton decorated in low relief with siege-
scene (actual size). Mycenae, Shaft Grave IV. (11.1.634)


Plate 129
129 (a) ‘Treasury of Atreus’, a tholos tomb built in massive blocks of conglomerate stone. Late
Helladic Ilia. Mycenae. (11.1.640) (h) Carved stone ceiling of side chamber of ‘Treasury
of Minyas’ (tholos tomb). Late Helladic II or III. Orchomenus in Boeotia. (11.1.642)


Plate 130
Μ
(*)
(-0
w
w
(/)
130 	Late Helladic II pottery. (11.1.642) (λ) Palace-style jar. Berbati, Argolis. (^) Cup.
Prosymna, Argolis, (c) Ephyraean style kylix. Korakou near Corinth. (d) Jug. Chalcis. (e) Alabastron. Mycenae. (/) Stirrup-jar. Chalcis.


Plate i3i
131 (a) Wall and tower on the eastern side of Troy VI.
131 (6) North-eastern angle of the wall of Troy VI.


Plate 132
00
w
132. (a) Clay cone (h. 24 cm) bearing a kudurru inscription : King Kadashman-Enlil I (c. 1380 b.c.)
confirms a land grant made by his predecessor Kurigalzu I (c. 1400 b.c.). (Later kudurrus were made of stone: see Pis. i6if.). (11.2.34) (ό) Small bottle (h. io cm) of variegated glass of‘Phoenician’type:
blue glass with combed pattern in white. 2nd half of 14th century b.c. Ur. (11.2.44) (c) Cuneiform
tablet (8x4 cm), obverse and reverse, containing omens. According to the colophon it was copied in the reign of Meli-Shikhu (1188-1174 b.c.) from an original of Subartu. (11.2.43)


Plate 133
Μ
(*)
ϊ 3 3 (a) Wall-painting (slightly reconstructed) showing a male figure (half life-size), one of a proces¬
sion decorating the walls of the ‘painted Palace’ at Dür-Kurigalzu. 14th century b.c. ‘Aqar Quf. (11.2.44) (6) Figure of an archer in moulded glazed bricks (h. 1*95 m) from a frieze representing the
Royal Guard ofthe Persian kings, f. 500 b.c. Susa (palace of Darius). (11.2.45) (0 Dei ties with‘flow¬
ing vase’: figures in moulded bricks (h. 2*05 m) in niches on the façade of the temple of Ishtar built by Karaindash, c. 1420 b.c. Uruk. (11.2.45)


Plate 134
00
(*)
Μ
134 (a) Miniature coffin from the alabaster Canopic chest of Tutankhamun made of solid gold and
inlaid with coloured glass (h. 39*5 cm). 18th Dynasty, c. 1350 b.c. Thebes. (11.2.65) (P) Plaster
mask of an unidentified man, possibly Amenophis III (h. 18 cm). 18 th Dynasty, c. 1380 b.c. El-Amarna. (11.2.68) (c) Inner back panel of Tutankhamun’s throne, made of wood overlaid with gold and inset
with coloured glass and semiprecious stones (h. 53 cm). See (a). (11.2.66)


Plate 135
Μ
(*)
135 (a) Limestone relief with figure of Ay and his wife, Tey, receiving a gold collar, one of a number
of gifts from the king (w. 43 cm). 18th Dynasty, c. 1370 b.c. El-Amarna. (11.2.70) (ό) Mourning
scene from a Memphite tomb of the Amarna Period. The future king Horemheb, here given the titles Royal Scribe, Hereditary Prince and Commander of the Army, heads the procession of high officials who follow the two sons of the deceased. 18th Dynasty, c. 1360 b.c. Saqqara. (11.2.71)


Plate 136
(*)
(*)
Ï30 (a) Ivory head (h. 16 cm) from a chryselephantine statue of a queen or goddess, with inlaid eyes
and curls in gold-and-silver niello work. 14th century b.c. Ras Shamra. (11.2.13 5) (ό) Ivory panel
(h. i m) from a bed-head. It depicts a goddess (perhaps ‘Anath) suckling royal twins. 14th century b.c. Ras Shamra. (11.2.156) (c) The ‘dynastic seal’ of Ugarit: a replica of the seal of Yaqaru, son of
Niqmaddu, king of Ugarit (early 2nd millennium b.c.) used by all the 14th- and 13th-centuries b.c. kings. Impression on a cuneiform tablet. Ras Shamra. (11.2.132)


Plate 137
137 Ugandan funerary vault. 14th century b.c. Ras Shamra (tomb 1). (11.2.135, 157)


Plate 138
138 (a) Stone stela (h. 93 cm) depicting a god, perhaps Ba‘al of Ugarit. 14th century b.c. Ras Shamra. (11.2.152)
(^) Stone stela (h. 47 cm) : the king making an offering to a bearded god, perhaps El, seated on a throne of Egyptian type. 14th century b.c. Ras Shamra. (11.2.154)


jars in House VII O of Trov Vila, seen from NW.
Plate 139
VO
N
O +-* cn
ON


Plate 140
140 (a) The Lion Gate, entrance to the citadel. Late Helladic Illb. Mycenae. (11.2.172)
140 (b) Grave Circle A at Mycenae, enclosing the Shaft Graves. Late Helladic III.
(11.2.172)


Plate 141
141 {a) Reconstruction of the southern half of the citadel of Tiryns;
megaron in centre. Late Helladic III. (11.2.173)
141 (b) Mycenaean palace of Pylus, showing (from foreground) oil-store, megaron with
central hearth, ante-room, courtyard. Late Helladic Illb. (11.2.173)


Plate 142
00
Ο)
142 (a) Fresco of horses and warriors (h. of figures c. 15 cm). Late Helladic Illb. Mycenae.
(11.2.174) (^) Painted floor-decoration of fish, octopus, etc. (part). Late Helladic Illb. Pylus.
(11.2.174) (c) Fresco of boar-hunt (w. c. 43 cm). Late Helladic Illb. Tiryns. (11.2.174)


143 (a) Ivory statuette-group of two women in Minoan-style
dress and a small boy (h. c. 7 cm). Late Helladic II or III. Mycenae, (n. 2.17 5, 879ÎF.) (<£) Miniature ivory columns, per¬
haps decorations of wooden furniture. Late Helladic III. Mycenae, (n. 2.174-5)


Plate 144
Μ
(*)
id)
(')
(/)
ω
U)
144 Late Helladic III pottery. (11.2.165, 177) (*) Three-handled jar.
Rhodes, (b) Tall jug. Attica. (c) Small stirrup-jar. Attica. (d) Piriform stirrup-jar. Rhodes. (e) Ladle. Mycenae. (/) Kylix. Rhodes, (g) Tankard. Attica, (b) Kylix of ‘Zygouries’ type, (j) Deep bowl. Attica.


Plate 145
00
145 (rf) Carved stone rhyton (neck and point restored). Late Helladic III. Mycenae. (11.2.175) (b) Carved marble lamp. Late Helladic III. Mycenae. (11.2.175) (f) Stone jar. Late Helladic III.
Mycenae. (11.2.175)


146 (a) Gold cup, with repoussé decoration of octopus etc. (d. c. 18 cm). Late
Helladic II. Dendra, Argolis, (π.2.175) {b) Silver bowl inlaid with bull’s heads and
pomegranate flowers in gold and niello (d. c. 15*9 cm). Late Helladic II or III. Enkomi, Cyprus. (11.2.176, 200)


Plate 147
N
xf"
147 (?) Bronze tools: (ι) Chopper. Prosymna. (2) Small hammer-head. Mycenae. (3) Saw. Prosymna. (4) Double
axe. Mycenae. (5) Sickle. Mycenae. Late Helladic III. (11.2.176) (b) Bronze body-armour, from a tomb. Late
Helladic II. Dendra, Argolis, (ii . 2.176)


Plate 148
(*)
(*)
w
148 (a) Abutment of a Mycenaean bridge. Mycenae. (11.2.180-1). (6) Part of attached
column from the façade of the Treasury of Atreus (from a cast). Late Helladic Ilia. Mycenae. (11.2.174, 175) (c) Ivory box and lid carved with griffins and deer (h. c. 16 cm). Late
Helladic III. Athens, Agora. (11.2.175, *82)


Plate 149
149 (a) Pottery krater with animal frieze (h. c. 35 cm). Late Helladic Illb. Cyprus. (11.2.182) (b) Cup of
local Base-Ring Ware shape, in Mycenaean technique. Late Helladic Ilia. Maroni, Cyprus. (11.2.182) (c) Copper
ingot. Late Helladic III. Enkomi, Cyprus. (11.2.182)


Plate 150
Μ
150 (,a) Pottery vessels of Base-Ring Ware. Late Cypriot I. (11.2.196) (6) Pottery vessels of
White Slip Ware I and II. Late Cypriot I. (11.2.196)


Plate i5i
Μ
(i)
Μ
15ΐ (a) Mycenaean III pictorial krater. (11.2.199) (b) Tripod stand with bulls’ heads. (c)
Sceptre-head of gold and cloisonné work.
7
C AH


152 (a) Cia y tablet inscribed with the signs of a ‘Cypro-Minoan’ sylla¬
bary, undeciphered. 15th-century b.c. Enkomi. (11.1.605-6, 11.2.205) (6) Ditto. 13th century b.c. Enkomi. (11.1.606 and 11.2.205-6)


Plate 153
w
15 3 M Sethos I receives the crook and flail and the emblem for a long reign from Amon-Re {left) and Osiris. On one side in the lower scene he sits on the lap of Isis and on the other he receives life and prosperity from Khons. 19th Dynasty, c. 1310 b.c. Abydos, (π.2.222,249) Ψ) Black granite statue of Ramesses II (h. 1-94 m). The small figures on the front of the throne represent Queen Nefertiry and Prince Amenherkhopshef. 19th Dynasty, c. 1290 b.c. Karnak. (11.2.249)
7-2


Plate 154
έ ύ.
ζύ PQ
Ο G 1—1
^ ^
Ο co
rt 2 ^
Q) g i<a
Ω .**0
§6^
£ ^ Ö
(U 1-1 .2
ο "Ô X
“ S %
Cu
ΗΗ <υ
-G ,2 JD
ζύ G G 2
J-H G
ai δ
^ (U Ο
«* HG ~
ΗΗ ^ Π3
I—< ω <υ > G
8 J.Sf» S «8
c C "Ο
G (U rt <U G
ώ “jû
(U ni
^ G ^
Λ «
G
£ ^3
ο ω
^ S
G ^
Gd <u -G
co
'g
CG
”c £ îti
-
en 2 l-H
-£ S S
V V, % CO u ü X <u £
HG o
.§ « 0
^ gw
i ° g
^ co <U (U G ^
rx‘S «
•μ G -G co G 4-1 O <U . Dh ^ ''G X <u °
E; '
j r ^
:h 0
ο ε S> g
N
<U
-5 u £ μ
Ci + o j ° ^
<u 1-1
nd <υ
G ü jQ
2ï^*l
c O SÆ
J
^ G * U
CO ^ G /'^N CO M «
^Lh N ^
o ·
ο μ hh
1/^ CO


Plate 155
(«)
(0
15 5 (a) Wall painting from the tomb of Nefertiry, principal wife of Ramesses II. Isis leads the queen
by the hand. 19th Dynasty, c. 1275 b.c. Thebes. (11.2.250) (^) Assyrian stone symbol-base (h.
1-05 m): Tukulti-Ninurta I (1244-1208 b.c.) stands between two men holding sun-standards. Ashur. (11.2.305^) (c) Assyrian stone symbol-base (h. 57-5 cm) dedicated by Tukulti-Ninurta I (1244-
1208 b.c.) to the god Nusku. The king appears twice, standing and kneeling before a similar symbol-base. Ashur. (11.2.305^,480)


Plate 156
w
M
V)
(Ό
e)
1 56 if)—if) Impressions from Assyrian cylinder seals: (a) a winged bull in front of a tree (h. 31 mm, d. 12 mm); (b) a naked hero attacking a lion with a spear (h. 45 mm, d. 18 mm); (c) a fight between a lion and a winged horse (h. 41 mm, d. 16 mm). 13th century B.c. (11.2.304,481) {cT) Clay tablet impressed with the seal of Ninurta-tukulti-Ashur (c. 1150 b.c.), depicting the king on a chariot hunting ibexes on high ground. (Original, and drawing showing the scene in its proper sequence.) Ashur. (11.2.481) (e) General view of the site of Chogha Zanbil. In the centre : the zikkurrat, seen from SW.
Left of zikkurrat: temples of Ishmekarab, Kiririsha and GAL; right: temples of Naprate, Shimut and NIN. URU, Ada and Shala, and Pinikir. Top left: temples of Hishmetik and Ruhuratir. (11.2.393)


Plate 157
1 57 M Bronze statue of Queen Napirasu, wife of Untash-(d^GAL (c. 1274—1255 b.c.). The headless figure is 1*20 m high and weighs ï,75° kg. (11.2.399, 497) (b) The so-called Midas Monument: a façade cut in the rock (h. 16-9 m). The inscription, in Phrygian
mentions King Midas. 6th century b.c. Yazilikaya near Eski§ehir. (11.2.419, 437)


Plate 158
(*)
w
158 (a) Painted pottery jug (h. 10-5 cm) decorated with animal figures and geometric pattern. Middle-
Phrygian style, 8th century b.c. Gordion (tumulus of the Princess). (11.2.427) (6) Three of the 175
Phrygian bronze fibulae found in the Great Tumulus at Gordion. 8th century b.c. (11.2.428) (c) Bronze bowl with ring-handle and ladle. 8th century b.c. Gordion. (11.2.428)


Plate 159
(*)
w
00
159 (*) Rock-relief at Ivriz near Konya. Detail showing King Urpalla (c. 720 b.c.) wearing a fibula
of the type illustrated on PI. 158^). (11.2.428, 431) (6) Drawing of a wall-relief of Sargon of
Assyria (721-705 b.c.) showing Phrygian tributaries. The first one wears a large bow-shaped fibula. Khorsabad. (11.2.428) (c) Stone statue (h. 1*34 m) of the goddess Cybele flanked by two youths
playing the double flute and the lyre. 6th century b.c. Bogazköy. (11.2.43 2) (d) Stone relief depicting
Cybele in a shrine (h. 1*75 m). (11.2.433)


Plate i6o
160 	Gordion: the outer wall. 8th century b.c. (ii . 2.430)


Plate i6i
i6i (a) Boundary stone (kudurrti) (h. 90 cm) of Meli-Shikhu (1188—1174 b.c.). The king is shown introducing his daughter to the goddess Nanä. Susa. (11.2.445) (^) Boundary stone (kudurrti) (h. 64-5 cm) of Nebuchadrezzar
I (1124-1103 b.c.), decorated with divine symbols. Abu Habbah. ' (11.2.455)


Plate 162
Μ
(*)
(Ο
102 (^) The so-called ‘Broken Obelisk’ (h. 61 cm) inscribed with royal annals possibly in the reign
of Ashur-bël-kala (1074-1057 b.c.). The relief represents the king facing captive enemies. Nineveh. (11.2.467, 480) (/£) Eight-sided clay prism inscribed with the annals of Tiglath-pileser I (111 5-1077
b.c.). This is the text selected by the Royal Asiatic Society in 1857 to test the validity of the decipherment of the cuneiform script. Ashur. (11.2.457) (c) Boundary stone (kudurru) (h. 60 cm) of
Marduk-nâdin-ahhë (1098-1081 b.c.) showing the standing figure of the king. (11.2.461)


Plate 163
w
163 (a) The High Priest Amenhotpe receives rewards from Ramesses IX. Two courtiers have put
a gold collar on his neck and other gifts are placed between him and the king. In accordance with an artistic convention the size of a representation is related to the importance of the person represented. 20th Dynasty, c. 1130 b.c. Temple of Amun, Karnak. (11.2.628-9). (é) Hrihor presents bouquets to
Amun whose wife, Amunet, is also shown. 20th Dynasty, c. 1100 b.c. Temple of Khons, Karnak. (11.2.638)


Plate 164
«
(o
(-0
164 (a) Violin-bow fibula. L.H. Ill c. Perati. (11.2.662) (6) Naue II swords. L.H. Ill b-c. Kalli-
thea (Achaea). (11.2.662) (c) Arched fibulae. Submycenaean. Ceramicus, Athens. (11.2.664)
(\d) Dress pin. Submycenaean. Unknown provenance. (11.2.664)


ιός L.H. IIIc Close Style, (n. 2.662) (a) Trefoil-lipped
oinochoe. Mycenae. (b) Stirrup jar. Mycenae. (c) Stirrup jar. Asine.


166 	L.H. Illc Octopus Style stirrup jars. (11.2.663) (*) Perati, (ό) Naxos, (r) Cos.


Plate 167
w
w
«
(/)
167 	Submycenaeanvases. (11.2.664) (a) Lekythos.Ceramicus,Athens, (b) Amphoriskos.Cera¬
micus, Athens. (c) Neck-handled amphora. Ceramicus, Athens. (d) Stirrup jar. Ceramicus, Athens. (e) Trefoil-lipped oinochoe. Ceramicus, Athens. (/) Bowl. Lefkandi, Euboea.


Plate i68
168 (a) Pyxis. L.H. Illc. Lefkandi, Euboea. (11.2.
666) (b) Helmet. Submycenaean. Tiryns. (11.2.671)


Plate 169
ο
(*)
w
(Ο
169 	Protogeometric vases from Athens. (11.2.672) (*) Trefoil-lipped oinochoe. Ceramicus.
(3) Belly-handled amphora. Nea Ionia, (c) Neck-handled amphora. Nea Ionia. (d) Skyphos. Ceramicus. (e) Lekythos. Ceramicus.


Plate 170
170 (a) Goddess. L.M. Illc-Subminoan. Karphi. (11.2.676) (b) Centaur, c. 900 b.c. Lefkandi,
Euboea. (11.2.674)


Plate 171
Ο)
(*)
(J)
171 Sub-Minoan vases from Cnossus. (11.2.677) (a) Stirrup jar.
(c) Stirrup jar. (d) Belly-handled amphora.
(b) Trefoil-lipped oinochoe.


Plate 172
00
w
V)
w
(/)
172 	Protogeometric vases from Cnossus. (11.2.677) (0) Neck-handled amphora. (<£) Stirrup jar.
(c) Bell krater. (d) Krateriskos. (e) Pyxis. (/) Skyphos (Attic import).


Plate 173
Μ
(*)
(Ο
173 	Μ Spiral patterns carved in relief in the Tarxien Temples. Malta. (11.2.731) (^) Spiral
patterns painted on a ceiling in the Hal Saflieni Hypogeum. Malta. (11.2.731) (c) Façade of rock-cut
tomb with carved pilasters. Castelluccio culture. South-east Sicily, Cava Lazzara cemetery. (11.2.7 3 2)


Plate 174
Μ
V)
174 (a) Huts of the Bronze Age village at Punta Milazzese, Panarea (Lipari islands), type-site of the
Milazzese culture. Middle Bronze Age. (1.2.733) (fy Nuraghe Su Nuraxis, Barumini, Sardinia, seen from the south. (11.2.739)


Plate 175
w
V)
')
175 (*) Bronze figurine of the Nuraghic period in Sardinia, showing a warrior with four eyes and
four arms. Teti, Abini. (11.2.741) (b) Bronze figurine of the Nuraghic period in Sardinia, showing
a woman holding a dead man. Urzulei, Nuoro. (11.2.741) (c) The Dama de Elche, head of an
Iberian statue. (11.2.767) (d) Têtes coupées, from Entremont, south France. (11.2.756)


Plate 176
Μ
176 (a) Statue of standing ‘divine’ figure of limestone from the Hagar Qirr
(11.2.730) (b) Vase with symbolic pattern, from Los Miliares. (11.2.761)
from an Etruscan burial vault at the cemetery of Certosa. 5 th century b.c. (ii. 2
Temples, Malta, (r) Bronze situla 722)


Plate 177
177 	Fragment of Ionic Geometric vase at Smyrna. (11.2.785)


Plate 178
«
(«0
178 (a) Gold ring from Thebes, showing an altar, (b) Stone receptacle with four depressions in the
top. Kumasa, in Crete. (11.2.859) (c) Offering table in the Middle Minoan shrine at Phaestus.
(11.2.859) (d) Double axes on top of bucrania. On an amphora from Pseira, Crete. (11.2.863)
(e) Pier with double axes incised on its blocks. Cnossus. (11.2.864)


Plate 179
Μ
(*)
179 Snake goddesses from Cnossus: (a) in faience, (b) in gold and ivory. (11.2.867)
w
179 (c) Sacrificial scene from the Hagia Triada sarcophagus. (11.2.872 f.)


Plate i8o
M
w
V)
180 (a) Model ofa shrine with horns of consecration and birds. Mycenae. (11.2.877) (^) Column
with horns of consecration and animals, on an impression taken from a seal at Mycenae. (11.2.877) (c) Seal-stone showing goddess with double axe on her head. Mycenae. (11.2.878) (d) Goddesswith
shield; painted limestone plaque. Mycenae. (11.2.878)


Plate i8i
181 Zeus with the scales of destiny, on a Mycenaean vase. Enkomi, Cyprus, (n. 2.884)