Tags: magazine   magazine apple magazine  

ISBN: 0926-8588

Year: 2024

Text
                    


SUMMARY WHAT INVESTORS SHOULD DO WHEN THERE IS MORE VOLATILITY IN THE MARKET APPLE BREAKS OUT OF RECENT SALES SLUMP AS IT GEARS UP TO MAKE ITS LEAP INTO THE AI CRAZE X NETWORK - CELEBRATING A YEAR OF TRANSFORMING THE NEWS LANDSCAPE GOOGLE ILLEGALLY MAINTAINS MONOPOLY OVER INTERNET SEARCH, JUDGE RULES 08 34 54 90
FINANCIAL MARKETS AROUND THE WORLD STABILIZE AFTER RECENT ROUT. HERE’S WHAT TO... 22 ELON MUSK SUES OPENAI, RENEWING CLAIMS CHATGPT-MAKER PUT PROFITS BEFORE ‘THE... 46 TESLA ATTORNEYS ASK JUDGE TO VACATE DECISION INVALIDATING MASSIVE PAY PACKAGE FOR... 80 NVIDIA IS FACING AN ANTITRUST PROBE FROM US REGULATORS AMID COMPETITOR... 106 A JUDGE HAS BRANDED GOOGLE A MONOPOLIST, BUT AI MAY BRING ABOUT QUICKER CHANGE... 114 SONY REPORTS HIGHER PROFITS ON HEALTHY DEMAND FOR ITS VIDEO GAMES, MOVIES... 128 MICROPLASTICS ARE EVERYWHERE, BUT ARE THEY HARMING US? 134 F1 ARCADE LAUNCHING LOCATIONS WHERE RACE SIMULATORS ARE ONLY PART OF THE... 154 CHIPMAKER INTEL TO CUT 15,000 JOBS AS TRIES TO REVIVE ITS BUSINESS AND COMPETE... 162 CALIFORNIA’S TWO BIGGEST SCHOOL DISTRICTS BOTCHED AI DEALS. HERE ARE LESSONS... 170 AIRBNB’S SECOND-QUARTER PROFIT FELL 15% DESPITE ITS REVENUE RISING 11% ON... 184 TOP 10 TV SHOWS 144 TOP 10 BOOKS 146 TOP 10 SONGS 148 TOP 10 ALBUMS 150 TOP 10 MUSIC VIDEOS 152


WHAT INVESTORS SHOULD DO WHEN THERE IS MORE VOLATILITY IN THE MARKET 08
09
U.S. stocks are bouncing back after the market experienced its worst day in two years on Monday, but the average investor may still be understandably spooked. Over a three day losing streak, the S&P 500 dipped more than 6% before rallying again Tuesday, up 1.6% in midday trading. “This is what an emotion-driven market looks like,” said Mark Hackett, head of investment research for Nationwide. “You had a three day period that was really very challenging. But the drop was not justified by the data that was out there, which is why you then have a day like today.” For everyday people, what are the best ways to handle market volatility? The top advice is to do nothing, but ultimately your response depends in part on your circumstances and financial goals. 10
Image: Michael M. Santiago 11
12
WHAT TO DO IN GENERAL “It’s important to remember that investing in the stock market is a long game. There’s going to be volatility, so be wary of having a knee-jerk reaction and pulling your money out at the first sign of a drop,” said Courtney Alev, consumer advocate for CreditKarma. “Selling stocks frequently or incrementally can come with fees for each transaction and those can add up fast.” Caleb Silver, editor in chief of Investopedia, echoed this, cautioning that sellers may also end up owing taxes on any gains. “For everyday investors, volatility is the price you pay to be invested in the stock market,” Silver said. “But it’s very unsettling when we see big market drops of two to three percent... It’s a little unnerving for people who have their money in 401(k)’s or IRA’s or retirement funds to watch this magnitude of volatility.” Silver urged investors to remember that “a market falls into a correction, ten percent or more, once a year on average,” and that “usually the market reverts to the mean, and the mean is an average annual return of eight to ten percent a year going all the way back to the 1950s.” 13
14
WHAT TO DO IF YOU’RE A YOUNG OR NEW INVESTOR For younger people just beginning to invest, declines in the stock market are an opportunity to add to your portfolio at cheaper prices, by buying in when the market is falling or has fallen a lot, according to Silver. “You’re reducing the average price you pay for the securities, stocks, mutual funds, or index funds that you own (when you buy in a down market),” he said. “So when the market itself reverts to the mean and rises again, you take advantage of having bought at cheaper prices, and that adds to the value of your portfolio.” In terms of selling, though, he said the best advice for most investors is to do nothing and wait for the volatility to cool down. 15
WHAT TO DO IF YOU’RE NEAR RETIREMENT “Whenever you invest in stocks it’s important to be mindful of your time horizon,” said Alev. “For instance, do you expect you’ll need to liquidate in the near future? In that case, you’re likely better off opting for a less volatile and more riskaverse mode of growing your money, such as a high-yield savings account.” Silver agreed. “I don’t believe it when people say, ‘Don’t look at your 401(k),’” he said. “You should absolutely look and see what you own and see that it matches your risk appetite.” If it doesn’t, you can move your investments to products that can shield you from the ups and downs of the market or unforeseen events. Silver said that High Yield Savings Accounts, Certificates of Deposit, and money market accounts are all currently seeing returns of about 4% to 5% for the more cautious or conservative investor. 16
Image: Brendan McDermid 17
Nationwide’s Hackett said it makes sense to periodically rebalance the exposure one has in their portfolio in general - whether quarterly or annually - to make sure there isn’t more risk than one would want related to, say, technology stocks or another sector. “If your exposures get out of line with your long-term plan, get them back in line,” he said. Even so, Hackett added that he sees the trend of tech stocks outperforming as one that may extend further into the future. WHAT TO DO IF YOU HAVE DEBT Experts agree that, for investors with debt, it’s important to focus on paying off loans, especially high-interest ones, before making major investments. That said, “if you are able to simultaneously pay off your loans and invest a little bit at the same time, you are effectively paying your future self for being responsible about your debt while growing your investments over time,” Silver said. 18
19
Simply Better Living SUPERSTEAM+™ BUILT-IN WALL OVEN SSC2489DS The Sharp® SuperSteam+ Built-In Wall Oven is the start of a cooking revolution. With Wi-Fi enabled IoT features, the innovations within this steam oven are a perfect match for modern cooking needs. While regular steam only reaches 212°F, the SuperSteam+ oven can create superheated steam up to 485°F. Steam this hot can roast meats and caramelize sugars so your food can be brown and crispy on the outside, tender and juicy on the inside. With the Sharp SuperSteam+ Oven, you can grill without smoke, roast without drying, and get the roasty-toasty, tasty results you desire. SEE FOR YOURSELF Get started right away with built-in recipes and download the Sharp SuperSteam+ Oven app* to enable the smart features and access custom recipes powered by SideChef. The new Sharp SuperSteam+ Built-In Wall Oven features Steam Bake for superior breads, and Water Bath for cheesecakes, custards and puddings. www.sharpusa.com | simplybetterliving.sharpusa.com *Mobile Application and Home Assistant Skill available upon commercial release. © 2020 Sharp Electronics Corporation. All rights reserved. Sharp, Supersteam™ Oven and all related trademarks are trademarks or registered trademarks of Sharp Corporation and/or its affiliated entities. Product specifications and design are subject to change without notice. Internal capacity calculated by measuring maximum width, depth and height. Actual capacity for holding food is less.

FINANCIAL MARKETS AROUND THE WORLD STABILIZE AFTER RECENT ROUT. HERE’S WHAT TO KNOW Markets on Wall Street and in Asia are stabilizing Tuesday following a mini-panic caused by an assortment of factors that stretched from late last week through Monday. The S&P 500 and Nasdaq each rose 1.3% in morning trading and were on track to break a brutal three-day losing streak. The S&P 500 had tumbled more than 6% after several weakerthan-expected reports raised concerns that the Federal Reserve had pumped the brakes too much on the U.S. economy through high interest rates. 22
23
The Dow Jones Industrial Average was up 0.7%. Elsewhere, Japan’s Nikkei 225 jumped 10.2% Tuesday, following its 12.4% sell-off the day before, which was its worst since 1987. Stocks in Tokyo rebounded as the value of the Japanese yen stabilized a bit against the U.S. dollar following several days of sharp gains. A rate hike last week by the Bank of Japan contributed to the turmoil by upending trades where investors had borrowed Japanese yen at low cost and invested it elsewhere around the world. The resulting exits from those investments may have helped accelerate the declines in global markets. Investors grew worried about a slowing U.S. economy. They pointed fingers at the Fed for waiting too long to cut rates and sold shares of technology companies that had ridden a frenzy around artificial intelligence to lofty stock market valuations. Calmer voices that claimed the sell-off was a good thing because stock prices had risen too high seemed to prevail Tuesday. Some of Tuesday’s gainers were those same technology companies investors had fled from. Chipmaker Nvidia was up 3.8% Tuesday morning, following a drop of 6.4% on Monday. For individual investors, experts say it’s not time for rash decisions, but a moment to make sure their investments are properly diversified. Here’s a look at the reasons for the turbulence in markets: 24
25
26
INFLATION AND CENTRAL BANKS Starting in 2022, the Fed rapidly raised interest rates to combat a spike in inflation. It’s maintained its key rate at 5.4% for about a year. As part of its inflation fight, the Fed also aimed to cool down a red-hot labor market. Investors thought the Fed and other central banks were on track, even though inflation remained somewhat above their targets — in the Fed’s case, 2%. The European Central Bank and the Bank of England cut rates once and the Fed signaled it was prepared to start cutting rates in September. ANXIETY OVER THE U.S. ECONOMY Despite some signs of cooling, the U.S. economy kept chugging along even with higher rates, outpacing Europe and Asia. Then came last week’s economic reports. Weak readings on the job market, manufacturing and construction sparked worries about a U.S. economic slowdown and criticism that the Federal Reserve waited too long to cut rates. Traders in the U.S. are now betting the Federal Reserve will lower rates by half a percentage point in September instead of the usual quarter point. Some were calling for an emergency rate cut. BIG TECH A handful of Big Tech stocks drove the market’s double-digit gains into July. But their momentum turned last month on worries investors had taken their prices too high and 27
expectations for their profit gains had grown too difficult to meet -- a notion that gained credence when the group’s latest earnings reports were mostly underwhelming. Apple fell more than 5% Monday after Warren Buffett’s Berkshire Hathaway disclosed that it had slashed its ownership stake in the iPhone maker. Nvidia lost more than $420 billion in market value Thursday through Monday. Overall, the tech sector of the S&P 500 was the biggest drag on the market Monday. JAPAN’S ROLLERCOASTER The Nikkei suffered its worst two-day decline ever, dropping 18.2% on Friday (02) and Monday combined. One catalyst for the outsized move has been an interest rate hike by the Bank of Japan last week. The BoJ’s rate increase affected what are known as carry trades. That’s when investors borrow money from a country with low interest rates and a relatively weak currency, like Japan, and invest those funds in places that will yield a high return. The higher interest rates caused the Japanese yen to strengthen, likely forcing investors to sell stocks to repay those loans. Stocks in Tokyo rebounded as the value of the Japanese yen stabilized against the U.S. dollar. WHAT SHOULD INVESTORS DO? The prevailing wisdom is: Hold steady. Experts and analysts encourage taking a long view, especially for investors concerned about retirement savings,. 28
29
30
“More often than not, panic selling on a red day is generally a great way to lose more money than you save,” said Jacob Channel, senior economist for LendingTree, who reminds investors that markets have recovered from worse sell-offs than the current one. BITCOIN CLAWS BACK SOME LOSSES Bitcoin was back up to $56,490 Monday morning after the price of the world’s largest cryptocurrency fell to just above $54,000 during Monday’s rout. That’s still down from nearly $68,000 one week ago, per data from CoinMarketCap. While bitcoin did serve as a safe haven of sorts during the worst of the pandemic, it mostly acts like any another risky asset that investors steer clear from during market downturns. SELL-OFFS ARE NORMAL Greg McBride, financial analyst for Bankrate, points out that a 10% pullback in markets happens on average once every 12 months. Quincy Krosby, chief global strategist for LPL Financial, says investors should try to wait out the current wave of turbulence. “Pockets of volatility are expected to continue as August and September give way to a calmer seasonal period; however, it’s important to remember pockets of opportunity are always on the other side of the storm,” she said. 31


APPLE BREAKS OUT OF RECENT SALES SLUMP AS IT GEARS UP TO MAKE ITS LEAP INTO THE AI CRAZE Apple snapped out of a prolonged sales slump during its most recent quarter as the trendsetting company prepares to launch into the artificial intelligence craze with an arsenal of new technology that’s expected to juice demand for its next iPhone. The fiscal third-quarter results announced last week covered an April-June period that’s typically a sluggish stretch for Apple as its loyal customer bases awaits the next version of the iPhone that’s traditionally unveiled shortly after Labor Day. 34
Image: Gene J. Puskar 35
36
Even so, Apple boosted its sales from a year ago — a welcome reversal of fortune on the heels of five consecutive quarters of year-over-year revenue declines. This time around, Apple’s revenue rose 5% from a year to $85.78 billion — a figure that exceeded analysts’ projections. The Cupertino, California, company earned $21.45 billion, or $1.40 per share, an 8% increase from the same time last year. The profit also topped analyst forecasts. Apple’s shares swung between slight increases and modest declines after the announcement as investors assessed the results. Sales of the iPhone — Apple’s marquee product — remained on a downward slope though, dipping 1% from last year to $39.3 billon. That decrease wasn’t as bad as the January-March period when iPhone sales plummeted 10% from last year, and now the product appears headed toward a major upswing. 37
38
That’s because Apple is planning to roll out a variety of artificial intelligence features that are supposed to make its virtual assistant Siri smarter and also perform a variety of helpful and fun tasks, including helping to draft texts and even creating unique emojis on demand. The AI tools will be included in a free software update expected in the autumn, but most of the features will only work on iPhones with a special chip that so far has only been available on two premium models Apple released last year. The next model, the iPhone 16, is expected to be equipped with the AI chip — a factor that analysts believe will spur consumers who have been holding on to their older devices to splurge on upgrades so they can take advantage of the new features. That expectation is the main reason why Apple’s stock price has surged 13% since the company previewed its AI tools in early June — a run-up that has created about $400 billion in shareholder wealth so far. “I believe it will be a very key time for a compelling upgrade cycle,” Apple CEO Tim Cook told analysts during the conference call. 39
40
41
Apple’s push into AI may also fuel its steadily growing services division, which saw its revenue climb 14% from last year to $24.21 billion in the most recent quarter. Although the services division has been thriving for years, it’s confronting regulatory threats that could drag down its performance. A lucrative deal that generates about $20 billion in revenue by making Google the default search engine on the iPhone and Safari browser is being targeted in a high-profile antitrust case that the U.S. Justice Department filed against Google. A federal judge is expected is to issue a ruling by the end of this year. The Justice Department also is targeting Apple in a separate lawsuit that it filed in March, alleging the company is illegally locking out competition by erecting unnecessary barriers around the iPhone. Apple has adamantly denied any wrongdoing and launched an attempt to have the case dismissed in documents filed in New Jersey federal court. That started a legal process that will take several more months to play out before the presiding judge decides whether to throw out the case or allow it to proceed in a ruling likely to come late this year or early next year. As has been happening during much of the past year, Apple’s sales continued to erode in China — a worry for investors because the region is one of the company’s key markets. Apple’s revenue in China dropped 7% from last year in the past quarter. 42
43


46
ELON MUSK SUES OPENAI, RENEWING CLAIMS CHATGPT-MAKER PUT PROFITS BEFORE ‘THE BENEFIT OF HUMANITY’ This week Elon Musk filed a lawsuit against OpenAI and two of its founders, Sam Altman and Greg Brockman, renewing claims that the ChatGPT-maker betrayed its founding aims of benefiting the public good rather than pursuing profits. The lawsuit, filed in a Northern California federal court, called Musk’s case a “textbook tale of altruism versus greed.” Altman and others named in the suit “intentionally courted and deceived Musk, preying on Musk’s humanitarian concern about the existential dangers posed by artificial intelligence,” according to the complaint. 47
48
49
50
Musk was an early investor in OpenAI when it was founded in 2015 and co-chaired its board alongside Altman. In the lawsuit, he said he invested “tens of millions” of dollars and recruited top AI research scientists for OpenAI. Musk resigned from the board in early 2018 in a move that OpenAI said — at the time — would prevent conflicts of interest as he was recruiting AI talent to build self-driving technology at the electric car maker. The Tesla CEO dropped his previous lawsuit against OpenAI without explanation in June. That lawsuit alleged that when Musk bankrolled OpenAI’s creation, he secured an agreement with Altman and Brockman to keep the AI company as a nonprofit that would develop technology for the benefit of the public and keep its code open. “As we said about Elon’s initial legal filing, which was subsequently withdrawn, Elon’s prior emails continue to speak for themselves,” a spokesperson for OpenAI said in an emailed statement. In March, OpenAI released emails from Musk showing his earlier support for making it a forprofit company. Musk claims in the new suit that he and OpenAI’s namesake objective were “betrayed by Altman and his accomplices.” “The perfidy and deceit are of Shakespearean proportions,” the complaint said. 51


54
CELEBRATING A YEAR OF TRANSFORMING THE NEWS LANDSCAPE 55
56
One year ago, Elon Musk controversially decided to change the name of his $44 billion social network Twitter to X. Since then; the platform has been on a journey, with visions of becoming the “app for everything” and changing how we consume news forever. 57
58
59
60
DIRECT FROM THE SOURCE In a world where information flows at the speed of light, X has emerged as a groundbreaking platform to redefine how we consume news. Just as Uber transformed transportation, Airbnb revolutionized hospitality, and DoorDash reimagined food delivery, X continues to disrupt the news industry by becoming the ultimate hub for breaking news, publishing directly from sources. Traditional news channels have long been the gatekeepers of information, often filtering and contextualizing news before it reaches the public. X aims to eliminate the middleman, allowing sources to publish their news directly. This approach ensures that news is delivered faster and accurately without biases and delays introduced by intermediaries. Whether it’s a government announcement (Biden announced his resignation on X), a corporate press release, or eyewitness reports from the scene of an event, X offers a platform where news can be shared instantly and unfiltered. One of the most innovative aspects of X is its commitment to providing users with the tools to contextualize any publication. In an age where misinformation and fake news are rampant, the ability for users to add context, verify sources, and discuss the implications of news stories is invaluable. X fosters a community-driven approach to news consumption, where users can engage in discussions, fact-check, and provide additional insights, ensuring a more informed and balanced perspective. Of course, there has been criticism of the ‘Community Notes’ fact-checking approach, but with innovations in AI, these will likely be resolved in the coming months. 61
62
63
Balancing free speech with security is a core tenet of X. The platform is designed to be a space where diverse opinions can be expressed freely, while also implementing robust security measures to prevent abuse and ensure user safety. Through a combination of advanced algorithms and community moderation, X strives to maintain a healthy discourse without compromising on the integrity of information or the security of its users. THE APP FOR EVERYTHING Elon Musk’s vision for X extends far beyond a news platform. Drawing from his early days building PayPal, Musk envisions X as an “Everything App” capable of providing a wide range of services including financing, communications, and AI support. This vision includes deep integration with his other ventures, such as Tesla, Starlink, and Neuralink, creating a seamless ecosystem of interconnected technologies. Building on Musk’s experience with PayPal, X aims to offer a comprehensive suite of financial services. Users will be able to manage payments, investments, and transactions directly through the platform. This integration simplifies financial management and opens new possibilities for monetizing content and supporting creators. Indeed, Musk is already rewarding creators by paying them based on the number of impressions their posts receive. As he aims to take on YouTube and TikTok with new ad targeting tools, we’ll likely see new monetization methods added in the future. Musk was quoted as saying, “I think this is the fastest rate of innovation maybe ever for any internet company.” - of course, not all of those innovations have run smoothly. Still, as the 64
65
66
67
68
entrepreneur continues experimenting and adding new tools and functionality, the platform is becoming increasingly important in people’s lives. With AI support from Grok, X is set to revolutionize how users interact with information. Grok can assist users in finding relevant news, summarising complex articles, and even engaging in real-time discussions. This AI-driven approach ensures that users can access personalized and contextualized information at their fingertips. Grok is already powering AI summaries on trending topics on the platform, helping people better understand the news and events around them and how people are reacting. 69
70
71
FUTURE TECHNOLOGIES One of the most exciting prospects of X is its potential integration with Tesla cars and future humanoids. Imagine receiving breaking news alerts directly on your Tesla’s dashboard or having your humanoid assistant summarise the day’s top stories while you prepare breakfast. Such integration could make X an indispensable part of everyday life, blending seamlessly with the technologies we use daily. X’s potential partnership with Starlink could revolutionize global connectivity, ensuring that users in even the most remote areas have access to realtime news and information. Additionally, the integration with Neuralink could pave the way for groundbreaking advancements in how we consume and interact with news, potentially allowing for direct brain-to-computer interfaces that make information access instantaneous and intuitive. Under Elon Musk’s ownership, X has the potential to become one of the most valued brands in the world. By leveraging his vision and expertise across various industries, Musk is poised to create a platform that transforms the news industry and integrates deeply into our daily lives through innovative services and cutting-edge technology. 72
73
X stands at the forefront of a new era in news consumption. Providing direct access to sources, empowering users with contextual tools, and balancing free speech with security sets a new standard for how we engage with information. 74
75
76
Elon Musk’s vision of an “Everything App” further amplifies its potential, promising a future where news, financial services, AI support, and cutting-edge technology converge into a seamless, integrated experience. As X.com continues to evolve, it promises to become a game-changer, not just for the news industry but for how we interact with the world around us. 77


TESLA ATTORNEYS ASK JUDGE TO VACATE DECISION INVALIDATING MASSIVE PAY PACKAGE FOR ELON MUSK 80
81
82
Attorneys for Elon Musk and Tesla’s corporate directors are asking a Delaware judge to vacate her ruling requiring the company to rescind a massive and unprecedented pay package for Musk. The hearing follows a January ruling in which Chancellor Kathaleen St. Jude McCormick concluded that Musk engineered the landmark 2018 pay package in sham negotiations with directors who were not independent. The compensation package initially carried a potential maximum value of about $56 billion, but that sum has fluctuated over the years based on Tesla’s stock price. Following the court ruling, Tesla shareholders met in June and ratified Musk’s 2018 pay package for a second time, again by an overwhelming margin. Defense attorneys say the vote makes clear that Tesla shareholders, with full knowledge of the flaws in the 2018 process that McCormick pointed out in her January ruling, are adamant that Musk is entitled to the pay package. “Honoring the shoulder vote would affirm the strength of our corporate system,” David Ross, an attorney for Musk and the other individual defendants, told McCormick. “This was stockholder democracy working.” Ross told the judge that the defendants were not challenging the factual findings or legal conclusions in her ruling, but simply asking that she vacate her order directing Tesla to rescind the pay package. McCormick, however, seemed skeptical of the defense arguments, peppering attorneys with questions and noting that there is no precedent in 83
Delaware law for allowing a post-trial shareholder vote to ratify adjudicated breaches of fiduciary duty by corporate directors. “This has never been done before,” she said. Defense attorneys argued that, while they could find no case that is exactly comparable, Delaware law has long recognized shareholder ratification as a cure to corporate governance errors, and has long acknowledged the “sovereignty” of shareholders as the ultimate owners of a corporation. “I candidly don’t see how Delaware law can tell the owners of the company that they’re not entitled to make the decision they made,” said Rudolf Koch, an attorney for Tesla. Donald Verrilli, a lawyer for an induvial stockholder who owns more than 19,000 Tesla shares, suggested that it would be wrong for the lone shareholder who filed the lawsuit to thwart the will of the majority of Tesla shareholders. At the time the lawsuit was filed, the plaintiff owned just nine shares of Tesla stock. “The voice of the majority of shareholders should matter.... This lawsuit is not representing the interest of the shareholders,” Verrilli said. Thomas Grady, an attorney for a group of Florida objectors who own or manage almost 8 million Tesla shares with some $2 billion, argued that for McCormick to rule for the plaintiff, she has to “disenfranchise” all other Tesla shareholders. Greg Varallo, an attorney for the plaintiff, urged McCormick not to give any credence to the June shareholder vote, saying it has no legal precedent in Delaware or anywhere else. There 84
85
also is no reason for the court to reopen the trial record and admit new evidence, he said. Under Delaware law, stockholders have no authority to overrule courts by trying to use a post-trial ratification vote as a “giant eraser,” Varallo argued. “Ratification is not magic, and it never has been,” Varallo added. “This should end here and now.” McCormick gave no indication on when she would rule. She also has yet to rule on a huge and unprecedented fee request by plaintiff attorneys, who contend that they are entitled to legal fees in the form of Tesla stock valued at more than $7 billion. 86
87


GOOGLE ILLEGALLY MAINTAINS MONOPOLY OVER INTERNET SEARCH, JUDGE RULES A judge this week ruled that Google’s ubiquitous search engine has been illegally exploiting its dominance to squash competition and stifle innovation in a seismic decision that could shake up the internet and hobble one of the world’s best-known companies. The highly anticipated decision issued by U.S. District Judge Amit Mehta comes nearly a year after the start of a trial pitting the U.S. Justice Department against Google in the country’s biggest antitrust showdown in a quarter century. 90
91
92
After reviewing reams of evidence that included testimony from top executives at Google, Microsoft and Apple during last year’s 10-week trial, Mehta issued his potentially market-shifting decision three months after the two sides presented their closing arguments in early May. “After having carefully considered and weighed the witness testimony and evidence, the court reaches the following conclusion: Google is a monopolist, and it has acted as one to maintain its monopoly,” Mehta wrote in his 277-page ruling. He said Google’s dominance in the search market is evidence of its monopoly. Google “enjoys an 89.2% share of the market for general search services, which increases to 94.9% on mobile devices,” the ruling said. It represents a major setback for Google and its parent, Alphabet Inc., which had steadfastly argued that its popularity stemmed from consumers’ overwhelming desire to use a search engine so good at what it does that it has become synonymous with looking things up online. Google’s search engine currently processes an estimated 8.5 billion queries per day worldwide, nearly doubling its daily volume from 12 years ago, according to a recent study released by the investment firm BOND. Kent Walker, Google’s president of global affairs, said the company intends to appeal Mehta’s findings: “This decision recognizes that Google offers the best search engine, but concludes that we shouldn’t be allowed to make it easily available.” For now, the decision vindicates antitrust regulators at the Justice Department, which filed its lawsuit nearly four years ago while 93
Image: Kevin Dietsch 94
Donald Trump was still president, and has been escalating it efforts to rein in Big Tech’s power during President Joe Biden’s administration. “This victory against Google is an historic win for the American people,” said Attorney General Merrick Garland. “No company — no matter how large or influential — is above the law. The Justice Department will continue to vigorously enforce our antitrust laws.” The case depicted Google as a technological bully that methodically has thwarted competition to protect a search engine that has become the centerpiece of a digital advertising machine that generated nearly $240 billion in revenue last year. Justice Department lawyers argued that Google’s monopoly enabled it to charge advertisers artificially high prices while also enjoying the luxury of not having to invest more time and money into improving the quality of its search engine — a lax approach that hurt consumers. Mehta’s ruling focused on the billions of dollars Google spends every year to install its search engine as the default option on new cellphones and tech gadgets. In 2021 alone, Google spent more than $26 billion to lock in those default agreements, Mehta said in his ruling. Google ridiculed those allegations, noting that consumers have historically changed search engines when they become disillusioned with the results they were getting. For instance, Yahoo was the most popular search engine during the 1990s before Google came along. Mehta said the evidence at trial showed the importance of the default settings. He noted that Microsoft’s Bing search engine has 95
96
80% share of the search market on the Microsoft Edge browser. The judge said that shows other search engines can be successful if Google is not locked in as the predetermined default option. Still, Mehta credited the quality of Google’s product as an important part of its dominance, as well, saying flatly that “Google is widely recognized as the best (general search engine) available in the United States.” The Consumer Choice Center, a lobbying group that has fought other attempts to rein in businesses, decried Mehta’s decision as a step in the wrong direction. “The United States is drifting toward the anti-tech posture of the European Union, a part of the world that makes almost nothing and penalizes successful American companies for their popularity,” said Yael Ossowski, the center’s deputy director. Mehta’s conclusion that Google has been running an illegal monopoly sets up another legal phase to determine what sorts of changes or penalties should be imposed to reverse the damage done and restore a more competitive landscape. The potential outcome could result in a wideranging order requiring Google to dismantle some of the pillars of its internet empire or prevent it from paying to ensure its search engine automatically answers queries on the iPhone and other devices. Or, the judge could conclude only modest changes are required to level the playing field. “Google’s loss in its search antitrust trial could be a huge deal — depending on the remedy,” said eMarketer senior analyst Evelyn Mitchell-Wolf. “A forced divestiture of the search 97
business would sever Alphabet from its largest source of revenue. But even losing its capacity to strike exclusive default agreements could be detrimental for Google. Its ubiquity is its biggest strength, especially as competition heats up among AI-powered search alternatives.” Regardless she added, a drawn-out appeals process will delay any immediate effects for both consumers and advertisers. Lee Hepner, senior legal counsel for the American Economic Liberties Project, believes the tenor of Mehta’s ruling makes it likely the judge will decide to prohibit Google from making default search deals and may even look at separating some of its different lines of business. “This decision strikes at the core of how hundreds of millions of Americans experience the internet,” Hepner said. “It illustrates how Google has become one of the most powerful companies in the world while undermining innovation and degrading the quality of its core product. The remedy must match the court’s striking verdict in this case.” If there is a significant shakeup, it could turn out to be a coup for Microsoft, whose own power was undermined during the late 1990s when the Justice Department targeted the software maker in an antitrust lawsuit accusing it of abusing the dominance of its Windows operating system on personal computers to lock out competition. That Microsoft case mirrored the one brought against Google in several ways and now the result could also echo similarly. Just as Microsoft’s bruising antitrust battle created distractions and obstacles that opened up 98
99
100
more opportunities for Google after its 1998 inception, the decision against Google could be a boon for Microsoft, which already has a market value of more than $3 trillion. At one time, Alphabet was worth more than Microsoft, but now trails its rival with a market value of about $2 trillion. If Mehta decides to limit or ban Google’s default search deals, it could squeeze Apple’s profits, too. Although parts of his decision were redacted to protect confidential business information, Mehta noted that Google paid Apple an estimated $20 billion in 2022, doubling from 2020. The judge also noted Apple has periodically considered building its own search technology, but backed off that after a 2018 analysis estimated the company would lose more than $12 billion in revenue during the first five years after a break-up with Google. Google’s payments have helped Apple’s steadily growing services division, which generated $85 billion in revenue during the company’s last fiscal year. Apple didn’t immediately respond to a request for comment. 101
The Justice Department’s antitrust division has recently taken on some of the biggest companies in the world. It sued Apple in March and in May announced a sweeping lawsuit against Ticketmaster and its owner, Live Nation Entertainment. Antitrust enforcers have also opened investigations into the roles Microsoft, Nvidia and OpenAI have played in the artificial intelligence boom. The Biden administration has won some big cases, including blocking mergers of some of the world’s biggest publishers as well as JetBlue Airways and Spirit Airlines. It’s also had some notable setbacks, including in the sugar and healthcare industries. Google faces several other legal threats both in the U.S. and abroad. In September, a federal trial is scheduled to begin in Virginia over the Justice Department’s allegations that Google’s advertising technology constitutes an illegal monopoly. 102
103


NVIDIA IS FACING AN ANTITRUST PROBE FROM US REGULATORS AMID COMPETITOR COMPLAINTS, REPORT SAYS 106
107
Antitrust tensions are heating up in the chipmaking industry. Rivals have accused Wall Street darling Nvidia of abusing its market dominance in selling chips that power artificial intelligence — and the U.S. Justice Department is now investigating these complaints, technology news site The Information reported. According to the news outlet, which cited unnamed sources familiar with the discussions, Justice Department officials are looking into concerns Nvidia is potentially cornering the market and pressuring its customers to unfairly retain business. That includes allegations of Nvidia threatening to punish those who buy products from both the Santa Clara, Californiabased tech giant and its competitors. The Information also reported that U.S. officials had reached out to several Nvidia competitors about the complaints. The Justice Department declined to comment or provide further information. But a statement from Nvidia said the company “wins on merit” — and competes “based on decades of investment and innovation, scrupulously adhering to all laws.” Without directly acknowledging details of The Information’s report, the company added that it is “happy to provide any information regulators need.” Nvidia has faced calls for an antitrust investigation from some Democratic lawmakers and progressive groups before. Last week, 10 progressive advocacy groups — including Demand Progress Education Fund and Tech Oversight Project — penned a letter to Assistant Attorney General Jonathan Kanter in support of an antitrust investigation into the chipmaker. “Nvidia is the world’s chip gatekeeper,” the 108
109
110
groups wrote, arguing the company had “bullied its way into a prominent investment position” by leveraging scarce supply alongside tactics like blocking customers from doing business with competitors. “Such a company deserves the most aggressive scrutiny that the Department of Justice can bring to bear.” Nvidia’s has cemented itself as a poster child for the artificial intelligence boom — and in the process become one of the most valuable companies in the world. In June, the tech giant briefly reached a market value of more than $3.3 trillion. Some of that market momentum has stalled a little since — and any stock climbing to such heights is vulnerable to some investors selling shares to lock in profits. 111


114
A JUDGE HAS BRANDED GOOGLE A MONOPOLIST, BUT AI MAY BRING ABOUT QUICKER CHANGE IN INTERNET SEARCH A federal judge has branded Google as a ruthless monopolist bent on suffocating it competitors. But how do you go about creating alternatives to a search engine that’s synonymous with internet exploration? It’s a process that may take years to unfold as Google appeals the landmark decision issued this week by U.S. District Judge Amit Mehta. And with that kind of time frame looming, the forces of technological upheaval may make the exercise moot. Image: David Gray 115
Image: Kirill Kudryavtsev 116
The rise of artificial intelligence may reshape the landscape more quickly and profoundly than any judge ever could. The way consumers navigate the internet is more likely to be affected by advances in AI products — such as OpenAI’s ChatGPT and Google’s own Gemini — before a nearly 4-year-old case brought by the U.S. Justice Department is finally resolved. Even so, Mehta’s 277-page ruling creates challenges for Google that company founders Larry Page and Sergey Brin probably didn’t envision when they set out to revolutionize internet search while attending Stanford University as graduate students. They eventually dropped out to start a Silicon Valley company in 1998 that adopted “Don’t Be Evil” as a motto that also was meant to serve as its corporate conscience. 117
Page and Brin, who remain the controlling shareholders of Google’s corporate parent Alphabet Inc., also cast their cuddly startup as a crusader for technology that would be far better than the products coming out of Microsoft, the industry’s reigning kingpin at the time. Microsoft’s dominance of personal computer software and anticompetitive tactics during the 1990s spurred another Justice Department case that ended up hobbling Microsoft and helped make it easier for Google to build its lead in search and then expand into maps, cloud computing, email (Gmail), web browsers (Chrome) and video (YouTube). Now, the script has been flipped, with Google facing potential legal constraints, while a resurgent Microsoft has been making early headway in AI with a major helping hand from its investment in OpenAI. In one of the most dramatic scenarios that most experts think is unlikely to happen, Google might be forced to break up its business similar to how AT&T — once known as “Ma Bell” — ended up spinning off its telephone subsidiaries into separate “Baby Bells” more than 40 years ago. Image: Stan Honda 118
119
Image: Ramin Talaie 120
It will be left to Google CEO Sundar Pichai, who took over the company’s leadership from Page in 2015, to minimize the distractions caused by the legal skirmishing still to come and remain focused on an industrywide pivot to AI technology that’s expected to be as revolutionary as the mobile computing shift by Apple’s introduction of the iPhone in 2007. The debate about how Google should be overhauled will begin Sept. 6 with a hearing scheduled in Washington, D.C., before Mehta, who also presided over the 10-week trial last year that led to his antitrust decision. Google also will be pursing an appeal, based on its long-held contention that it has done nothing wrong but build and maintain a search engine that has been far superior to anything else for more than 20 years. The Mountain View, California, company also maintains that competition is just a few clicks away, with consumers still free to go to other options, such as Microsoft’s Bing, DuckDuckGo and, more recently, AI-powered alternatives such as Perplexity and ChatGPT. 121
Image: Jim Wilson 122
123
Although Mehta praised the quality of Google’s search engine in his ruling and acknowledged the company initially became the people’s preferred choice in its early days, he concluded it resorted to unfair tactics to maintain its leadership during the past decade. Google did it, Mehta said, mainly by negotiating lucrative deals to cement a position as the default search engine on the iPhone and wide range of other devices, including PCs. Those deals, which totaled $26 billion in 2021 alone, meant Google automatically processed search requests unless consumers took the time to manually go into their settings and choose another option — something that few do. The default option then helped Google collect valuable insights that enabled the company to improve its search engine in ways that rivals couldn’t because they lacked the same data. Default requests processed accounted for 60% of Google’s search traffic in 2017, Mehta pointed out in his ruling, and that volume in turn created more opportunities to sell the ads that generate the majority of its parent company’s $307 billion in annual revenue. 124
125
Image: Mark Graves 126
Mehta’s focus on the default search deals in his ruling make it likely he may decide to ban them after the next trial phase is completed, according to antitrust experts. That could have implications for other companies besides Google, especially Apple, which pockets about $20 billion annually from an arrangement that is currently scheduled to continue through 2026, with options to extend the alliance into 2028. Apple didn’t respond to a request for comment about Mehta’s decision, but its executives have depicted the decision to make Google the default search engine on the iPhone and other products as a convenience to its customers — most of whom prefer to use Google. But an order preventing Apple from doing default search engine deals with Google could do more than just siphon away revenue. It might also require Apple to spend heavily to develop its own search technology — an endeavor that Google estimated would cost more than $30 billion as part of 2020 analysis that Mehta cited in his ruling. Then, it would cost Apple an additional $7 billion annually to sustain its own search engine, according to Google’s analysis. 127
SONY REPORTS HIGHER PROFITS ON HEALTHY DEMAND FOR ITS VIDEO GAMES, MOVIES AND MUSIC 128
129
130
Sony’s profit rose 6.5% in the last quarter on robust demand for its video games, films and music, the Japanese electronics and entertainment company said this week. Tokyo-based Sony Corp.’s profit in the AprilJune quarter totaled 231.6 billion yen ($1.6 billion), up from 217 billion yen, it said. Quarterly sales edged up 1.6% to 3 trillion yen ($20 billion) as Sony’s entertainment business remained strong, although its financial services business lagged. Sony officials said global demand for its animation offerings like “Demon Slayer” remained strong, including on streaming services like Amazon Prime. Hiroki Totoki, chief financial officer and president, promised to leverage Sony’s powerful offerings that he said are rooted in the diversity of its workers and creators. The partnership with Crunchyroll, a U.S. video streaming service, was proving extremely successful, according to Sony. Sony, which also makes digital cameras and TVs, raised its full year forecast through March 2025 by 1% to 980 billion yen ($6.7 billion). That’s better than the forecast it gave in May, which predicted a 925 billion ($6.3 billion) profit. Responding to reporters’ questions on Sony’s interest in acquiring Paramount, Totoki denied it, saying a deal of that size was too risky. Last month, Paramount announced it was merging with Skydance, based in Santa Monica, California, which helped produce 131
major Paramount hits like Tom Cruise’s “Top Gun: Maverick” and “Mission Impossible” series. Sony acquired Columbia Pictures in 1989. Although sales of PlayStation game machines have declined recently, more than 2.4 million machines were sold worldwide in the last quarter, with the estimated number of global players staying at 116 million people. Among the popular music releases during the quarter were Beyonce’s “Cowboy Carter,” Future and Metro Boomin’s “We Don’t Trust You” and SZA’s “SOS.” 132
133
MICROPLASTICS ARE EVERYWHERE, BUT ARE THEY HARMING US? 134
135
Microplastics have been found in the ocean and the air, in our food and water. They have been found in a wide range of body tissues, including the heart, liver, kidneys and even testicles. But are they actually harming you? Evidence suggests they might, but it’s limited in scope. Some researchers are worried, but acknowledge there are lots of unanswered questions. Dr. Marya Zlatnik, a San Francisco-based obstetrician who has studied environmental toxins and pregnancy, has seen studies raising concerns about microplastics’ impact on the health of babies and adults. But it’s a young research field, and it’s not something she generally discusses with patients. “I’m not entirely sure what to say yet,” Zlatnik said. Here’s a look at what’s known so far: WHAT ARE MICROPLASTICS? Plastics are man-made materials — many of them derived from oil or other petroleum products. They can break down into smaller particles, through exposure to heat and weather and even animal digestion. Researchers have increasingly been interested in microplastics, which can be as wide as a pencil eraser or as small as a fraction of the width of a human hair. Nanoplastics, another area of study, are even smaller. These minuscule plastics have been detected in air, water and soil, in milk, and in bottled and tap drinking water. They also have been found in a 136
137
138
variety of foods, including salt, sugar, honey, rice and seafood. ARE THERE MICROPLASTICS IN YOU? Most likely yes. There is scientific debate about how much people inhale and ingest, and it can vary on what they eat and drink and where they live, researchers say. Some Australian researchers, on behalf of the World Wildlife Fund, calculated in 2019 that many people each week consume roughly 5 grams of plastic from common food and beverages — the equivalent of a credit card. That estimate is not universally embraced by researchers, but is commonly mentioned in news articles. Researchers are still trying to understand exposure levels, but study after study is finding signs of plastics in body tissues. “Microplastics have been measured in pretty much all of the body tissues that have been evaluated,” said Tracey Woodruff, a University of California at San Francisco researcher. Scientists have even reported finding them in the penis, in ovaries and in placentas. WILL MICROPLASTICS HURT YOU? That’s still being sorted out. A 2022 World Health Organization report concluded there was no clear risk to human health, based on the available evidence. There’s also not an obvious signal of widespread public health impact, at least in terms of 139
140
mortality. Cancer, heart disease and stroke death rates have been falling, not rising. But researchers only started measuring plastics in the human body — and trying to assess the health effects — in recent years. Some of that work is only coming to fruition now. It makes sense that microplastics are harmful because they contain toxic chemicals, said Woodruff, who was part of a team that reviewed nearly 2,000 studies about microplastics at the request of California legislators. It may be, for example, that microplastics play a role in rising occurrences of some cancers in younger people, she said. Available information indicates plastics can spark inflammation and cause other problematic changes in the body that can, for example, raise the risk of heart attack and stroke. A small study in the New England Journal of Medicine earlier this year suggested, but did not prove, that patients with evidence of plastics in their arteries were at greater risk of death from heart attacks and strokes. But an expert not involved in the research suggested the study may have overstated any effects. “Even though there’s a lot we still don’t know about microplastic particles and the harm they cause to humans, the information that is available today is in my mind very concerning,” said Dr. Philip Landrigan, of Boston College. WHAT CAN YOU DO ABOUT MICROPLASTICS? There are ways to reduce potential microplastics exposure, researchers say. 141
142
Take your shoes off before you go in the house, to avoid tracking in plastics-laden dust (not to mention germs, dirt and other debris) throughout your home. Eat foods — especially fresh fruits and vegetables — that you prepare in the home. Don’t microwave a meal in a plastic tray, no matter what TV dinner instructions might say, Woodruff said. And opt for reusable stainless steel or glass water bottles, rather than disposable plastic ones, she added. Zlatnik, the obstetrician, noted that families with limited incomes may have bigger things to worry about. “If someone is worried about where their next meal is going to come from, I’m not going to give them advice to keep their leftovers in glass containers and to not microwave in plastic,” she said. 143
House of the Dragon 144
TELL ALL: NO LIMITS, PT. 2 90 DAY FIANCE: HAPPILY EVER AFTER? THE QUEEN WHO EVER WAS HOUSE OF THE DRAGON WHEN ALL IS SAID AND DONE THE REAL HOUSEWIVES OF NEW JERSEY TELL ALL: NO LIMITS, PT. 1 90 DAY FIANCE: HAPPILY EVER AFTER? 2105 THE BACHELORETTE REGRET ME KNOT BELOW DECK MEDITERRANEAN THIS IS BENEATH ME! BASKETBALL WIVES BEFORE I LET GO ALL AMERICAN: HOMECOMING PENULTIMATE TYLER PERRY’S SISTAS THE RED SOWING HOUSE OF THE DRAGON 145
DONNA TARTT 146
SHADOW OF DOUBT BRAD THOR IT ENDS WITH US COLLEEN HOOVER FIRE AND BONES KATHY REICHS ARKANGEL JAMES ROLLINS THE MERCY OF GODS JAMES S. A. COREY THE LOST COAST JONATHAN KELLERMAN & JESSE KELLERMAN FIRE AND BLOOD GEORGE R.R. MARTIN & DOUG WHEATLEY APPRENTICE TO THE VILLAIN HANNAH NICOLE MAEHRER IT STARTS WITH US COLLEEN HOOVER THE SECRET HISTORY DONNA TARTT 147
Teddy Swims 148
A BAR SONG (TIPSY) SHABOOZEY LEAVE A LIGHT ON (TALK AWAY THE DARK) PAPA ROACH & CARRIE UNDERWOOD AIN’T NO LOVE IN OKLAHOMA LUKE COMBS LIAR JELLY ROLL LONELY ROAD MGK & JELLY ROLL I AM NOT OKAY JELLY ROLL I HAD SOME HELP (FEAT. MORGAN WALLEN) POST MALONE BIG DAWGS HANUMANKIND & KALMI GOOD LUCK, BABE! CHAPPELL ROAN LOSE CONTROL TEDDY SWIMS 149
CHAPPELL ROAN 150
THE RISE AND FALL OF A MIDWEST... CHAPPELL ROAN VULTURES 2 ¥$, KANYE WEST & TY DOLLA $IGN THE DEATH OF SLIM SHADY... EMINEM FINAL FANTASY XIV: DAWNTRAIL... MASAYOSHI SOKEN TWISTERS: THE ALBUM VARIOUS ARTISTS NO NAME JACK WHITE CHANDLER MOORE: LIVE IN LOS ANGELES... CHANDLER MOORE DEADPOOL & WOLVERINE ... VARIOUS ARTISTS CHILD OF GOD FORREST FRANK THE GREAT AMERICAN BAR SCENE ZACH BRYAN 151
Billie Eilish 152
GUESS FEATURING BILLIE EILISH CHARLI XCX & BILLIE EILISH AFILMFORTHEFUTURE - TRAILER COLDPLAY NASTY TINASHE HOUDINI EMINEM GETTING NO SLEEP TINASHE CHK CHK BOOM STRAY KIDS OMEMMA CHANDLER MOORE HOLY FOREVER (LIVE) [FEAT. CECE...] BETHEL MUSIC & JENN JOHNSON DEEPER WELL KACEY MUSGRAVES NOT LIKE US KENDRICK LAMAR 153
F1 ARCADE LAUNCHING LOCATIONS WHERE RACE SIMULATORS ARE ONLY PART OF THE EXPERIENCE 154
155
The low hum of a high-tech engine greets you when you first open the door to the F1 Arcade in Boston’s burgeoning Seaport District. Inside, the ceilings glow red with the outlines of the world’s iconic Formula 1 tracks. The people behind Puttshack golf and Flight Club darts are turning their attention to F1, combining upscale food and drinks with haptic simulators that bring the bumps and battles of the global motorsports series to fans more accustomed to rush hour traffic. On race days, locals who can’t schlep all the way to Singapore -- much less get behind the wheel of an actual F1 car -- pack the house for watch parties as the sport’s biggest names fight for position. On a recent weekday afternoon, though, they were emulating the professionals on simulators that are the next best thing to the high-speed – and high-end -- feel of F1. “Such a small number of people get to experience Formula 1 in person,” said Jon Gardner, the U.S. president of F1 Arcade. “How do we take the thrill -- the glitz and glamour of Formula 1 ... and bring that to the everyday audience? “That thrill of getting behind an F1 car, which everyone wants to do, and feeling the energy, the excitement, the adrenaline within that and having that experience -- that’s what we try to create.” The Boston venue is the first in the United States, following successful launches in London and Birmingham, England. More locations are planned for Washington, D.C, and Las Vegas, with the goal of 30 worldwide by the end of 2027 — an expansion cashing in on the series’ 156
157
158
popularity since the Netflix “Drive to Survive” series. (According to F1 Arcade, half of F1’s fans came to the sport in the last four years.) According to the company, the British locations had around 400,000 visitors apiece in 2023, surpassing expectations. The London location, across the street from St. Paul’s Cathedral, had revenue of $16.5 million (13 million GBP) last year. That helped F1 Arcade raise nearly $38 million for its next phase – including investments from F1 itself and others around the paddock like McLaren Racing CEO Zak Brown and drivers Lando Norris and Logan Sargeant. Although F1 Arcade is a separate company, the series has invested in and licensed the logos and other intellectual property that gives the simulators the feel of the real thing. The courses are all true-to-life: If there’s a Rolex ad at the track, there will be one on the video simulation, too. There are touches of F1 throughout the facility but only after climbing into one of the 69 simulators do players get the best taste of F1. With one curved screen showing the view from the cockpit and another to help identify one’s place on the track, the simulator might resemble a high-end setup for an especially dedicated gamer. What sets it apart are the haptics: the way the seat bounces and leans to simulate the sense of weaving through the turns – or slamming into the wall. There are five race modes, from rookie to elite. The easier levels don’t require shifting, and arrows show the proper race line and when to 159
brake and accelerate; the top levels take away the assistance and activate the steering wheel gearshift buttons, like the ones on real F1 cars. “The level these can go to is exceptional,” Gardner said. “Formula 1 drivers can actually have a go on these and have just amazing of the time. But what we’ve done is we’ve crafted and designed these for the everyday user, so a 7-year-old can actually do this.” The simulators rotate through seven F1 tracks. Groups can compete against each other or as a team. A separate room is available for parties or corporate team-building events. The full bar and restaurant menu includes oysters, caviar and a Wagyu beef burger but also a children’s menu and mocktails.. Although there were families with kids in their young teens on a recent Monday afternoon, the place turns to over 21 at 7 p.m. “This is for everybody. No skills required. Sevenyear-old all the way up to 107-year-old,” Gardner said. “The competitiveness is part of the fun of it, and you want to bring everyone together to where you get a family to be competitive. It’s really interesting -- a lot of fun to actually watch some of the younger kids beating the parents.” 160
161
CHIPMAKER INTEL TO CUT 15,000 JOBS AS TRIES TO REVIVE ITS BUSINESS AND COMPETE WITH RIVALS Chipmaker Intel says it is cutting 15% of its huge workforce — about 15,000 jobs — as it tries to turn its business around to compete with more successful rivals like Nvidia and AMD. In a memo to staff, Intel Corp. CEO Pat Gelsinger said the company plans to save $10 billion in 2025. “Simply put, we must align our cost structure with our new operating model and fundamentally change the way we operate,” he wrote in the memo published on Intel’s 162
163
website. “Our revenues have not grown as expected — and we’ve yet to fully benefit from powerful trends, like AI. Our costs are too high, our margins are too low.” The job cuts come in the heels of a disappointing quarter and forecast for the iconic chip maker founded in 1968 at the start of the PC revolution. Intel is announcing an “enhanced retirement offering” for eligible employees and offer an application program for voluntary departures. “These decisions have challenged me to my core, and this is the hardest thing I’ve done in my career,” he said. The bulk of the layoffs are expected to be completed this year. The Santa Clara, California-based company is also suspending its stock dividend as part of a broader plan to cut costs. Intel reported a loss for its second quarter along with a small revenue decline, and it forecast third-quarter revenues below Wall Street’s expectations. Its stock plunged 19% in after-hours trading, indicating that Intel could lose roughly $24 billion of its market value. The company posted a loss of $1.6 billion, or 38 cents per share, in the April-June period. That’s down from a profit of $1.5 billion, or 35 cents per share, a year earlier. Adjusted earnings excluding special items were 2 cents per share. Revenue slid 1% to $12.8 billion from $12.9 billion. Analysts, on average, were expecting earnings of 10 cents per share on revenue of $12.9 billion, according to a poll by FactSet. 164
165
“Intel’s announcement of a significant costcutting plan including layoffs may bolster its near-term financials, but this move alone is insufficient to redefine its position in the evolving chip market,” said eMarketer analyst Jacob Bourne. “The company faces a critical juncture as it leverages U.S. investment in domestic manufacturing and the surging global demand for AI chips to establish itself in chip fabrication.” Gelsinger noted in a conference call with analysts that Intel has previously said that its investments in the AI PC market would pressure its profit margins over the short term but should benefit the company in the long term. “We believe the trade-offs are worth it. The AI PC will grow from less than 10% of the market today to greater than 50% in 2026,” he said. Unlike its rivals like Nvidia, Intel manufactures chips in addition to designing them. It has been working to build up its foundry business making semiconductors in the U.S., competing with rivals such as market leader Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co. or TSMC. Helped by Gelsinger’s lobbying efforts since he took the company’s helm in 2021, Intel has been a major beneficiary of the 2022 CHIPS and Science Act. The Biden administration helped shepherd that through Congress amid concerns after the pandemic that the loss of access to chips made in Asia could plunge the U.S. economy into recession. In March, President Joe Biden celebrated an agreement to provide Intel with up to $8.5 billion in direct funding and $11 billion in loans for computer chip plants around the country, 166
167
168
talking up the investment in the political battleground state of Arizona and calling it a way of “bringing the future back to America.” At the time, Gelsinger called the CHIPS Act “the most critical industrial policy legislation since World War II.” In September 2022, Biden praised Intel as a job creator with its plans to open a new plant near Columbus, Ohio. The president praised the company for plans to “build a workforce of the future” for the $20 billion project, which he said would generate 7,000 construction jobs and 3,000 full-time jobs set to pay an average of $135,000 a year. “The U.S. government wants to reinvigorate domestic manufacturing, especially this is the area of advanced computer chips,” Bourne said. “And Intel has been kind of earmarked for this money. But there’s a lot of infrastructure that goes into this, there’s the building of these facilities, which are really highly specialized — and then you also need to upskill the local workforce where these plants are located. And so it takes time. This is not something that happens overnight.” 169
CALIFORNIA’S TWO BIGGEST SCHOOL DISTRICTS BOTCHED AI DEALS. HERE ARE LESSONS FROM THEIR MISTAKES. 170
171
With all the hubris of a startup founder, Alberto Carvalho, superintendent of Los Angeles Unified School District, took to the stage in March to launch Ed the chatbot. He told parents and students it had “the potential to personalize the educational journey at a level never before seen in this district, across the country, or around the world.” “No other technology can deliver real time on this promise,” he said. “We know it will succeed.” In June, after only three months and nearly $3 million, the district shelved Ed following layoffs of more than half of the staff at AllHere, the startup that made the conversational AI assistant. District spokesperson Britt Vaughan refused to answer questions about the bot’s performance or say how many students and parents used it before the shutdown. Also in June, an AI controversy unfolded in San Diego, where school board members reportedly weren’t aware that the district last summer bought a tool that automatically suggests grades for writing assignments. The dustup began after Point Loma High School teacher Jen Roberts told CalMatters that using the tool saved her time and reduced burnout but also gave students the wrong grade sometimes. A week later, Voice of San Diego quoted two members of the school board saying they were unaware the district had signed a contract involving AI. In fact, no one on the board seemed to know about the tool, the news outlet said, since it was included as part of a broader contract with Houghton Mifflin that was approved unanimously with no discussion alongside more than 70 other items. 172
173
174
None of the board members responded to CalMatters’ requests for comment. San Diego Unified School District spokesperson Michael Murad said that since AI is a quickly evolving technology, “we will make an increased effort to inform board members of additional relevant details related to contracts presented to them in the future.” Mistakes in Los Angeles and San Diego may trace back to growing pressure on educators to adopt AI and underline the need for decisionmakers to ask more and tougher questions about such products before buying them, said people who work at the intersection of education and technology. Outside experts can help education leaders better vet AI solutions, these people said, but even just asking basic questions, and demanding answers in plain English, can go a long way toward avoiding buyer’s remorse. No one disputes that educators face increasing demands to find ways to use AI. Following the release of OpenAI’s generative AI tool ChatGPT nearly two years ago, the California Education Department released guidance referencing an “AI revolution” and encouraging adoption of the technology. Educators who previously spoke with CalMatters expressed fear that if they miss the revolution, their students could get left behind in learning or workforce preparedness. GRADING AI TOOLS Staff shortfalls, techno-optimism, a desire to be on the cutting edge and a fear of missing out all push educators to adopt AI, said Hannah Quayde la Vallee, a senior technologist at the Center 175
176
for Democracy and Technology, a nonprofit that’s studied how teachers and students are adopting generative AI. She thinks recent events in Los Angeles and San Diego show that more education leaders need to engage in critical analysis before bringing AI tools into classrooms. But whether a particular AI tool deserves more scrutiny depends on how it’s used and the risk that use poses to students. Some forms of AI, like the kind used for grading and predicting if a student will drop out of school, she said, deserve high risk labels. The European Union regulates AI differently based on risk level, and in the U.S. the National Institute of Standards and Technology released a framework to help developers, government agencies, and users of AI technology manage risk. California’s state schools superintendent, Tony Thurmond, was unavailable to respond to CalMatters’ questions about any action he could take to help prevent future school AI snafus. Lawmakers are considering a bill that would require the superintendent to convene a working group to make recommendations on “safe and effective” use of artificial intelligence in education. The bill was introduced by Josh Becker, a Democrat from Silicon Valley, and supported by Thurmond and the California Federation of Teachers. Quay-de la Vallee suggested that educators work with organizations that vet and certify education technology tools such as Project Unicorn, a nonprofit that evaluates edtech products. 177
When education leaders rush to adopt AI from education technology providers anxious to sell AI, both may cut corners, said Anaheim Union High School District Superintendent Michael Matsuda, who hosted an AI summit in March attended by educators from 30 states and more than 100 school districts. He thinks the recent AI problems in San Diego and Los Angeles demonstrate the need to avoid getting caught up in hype and to vet claims made by companies selling AI tools. School districts can assess how well AI tools perform in classrooms with help from techminded teachers and internal IT staff, Matsuda said. But assistance is also available from nonprofits like The AI Education Project, which advises school districts across the nation about how to use the technology, or a group such as the California School Boards Association, which has an AI task force that tries to help districts and counties “navigate the complexities of integrating artificial intelligence.” “We have to work together, consider what we learned from missteps, and be open about that,” he said. “There’s a lot of good products coming out, but you have to have the infrastructure and strategic policies and board policies to really vet some of these things.” Education leaders don’t always have an intimate understanding of tech used by teachers in their school district. Matsuda said Anaheim Union High School District uses AI to personalize student learning material and even offers classes to students interested in a career in AI, but he said he doesn’t know if Anaheim educators use AI for grading today. Following events 178
179
180
in San Diego, Matsuda said the district may consider high risk labels for certain use cases, such as grading. USING COMMON SENSE You don’t have to be an expert in AI to be critical of claims made about what AI can do for students or teachers, said Stephen Aguilar, colead of the Center for Generative AI and Society at the University of Southern California, and a former developer of education technology. District officials who sign contracts with AI companies need to know their own policy, know what the district seeks to achieve by signing the contract, and ask questions. If contractors can’t answer questions in plain English, that may be a signal they’re overselling what’s possible or attempting to hide behind technical jargon. “I think everyone should take the lessons learned from LA Unified and do the post mortem, ask questions that weren’t asked, and slow things down,” Aguilar said. “Because there’s no rush. AI is going to develop, and it’s really on the AI edtech companies to prove out that what they’re selling is worth the investment.” The challenge, he said, is that you don’t evaluate an AI model once. Different versions can produce different results, and that means evaluation should be a continuous process. Aguilar said that while events in Los Angeles and San Diego schools demonstrate the need for greater scrutiny of AI, school district administrators seem convinced that they have to be on the cutting edge of technology to do their jobs, and that’s just not true. 181
“I don’t quite know how we got into this cycle,” he said. The market is pressuring edtech providers to include AI in their products and services, foundations are pressuring school leaders to include AI in their curriculum, and teachers are told that if they don’t adopt AI tools then their students might get left behind, said Alix Gallagher, head of strategic partnerships at the Policy Analysis for California Education center at Stanford University. Since AI is getting built into a lot of existing products and contracts involving curriculum, it’s highly likely that San Diego’s school board is not alone in discovering AI unexpectedly bundled into a contract. Gallagher said that administrative staff will need to ask questions about supplemental curricula or software updates. “It’s close to impossible for districts and schools to keep up,” she said. “I definitely think that’s even more true in smaller school districts that don’t have extra people to devote to this.” Gallagher said AI can do positive things like reduce teacher burnout, but individual teachers and small school districts won’t be able to keep up with the pace of change, and so trusted nonprofits or state education officials should help determine which AI tools are trustworthy. The question in California, she said, is who’s going to step up and lead that effort? 182
183
AIRBNB’S SECOND-QUARTER PROFIT FELL 15% DESPITE ITS REVENUE RISING 11% ON STRONGER BOOKINGS 184
185
Airbnb says its profit fell 15% in the second quarter from a year earlier, as higher income taxes cut into the short-term rental giant’s bottom line even as bookings and revenue rose. The profits fell short of Wall Street’s expectations and Airbnb’s stock tumbled 16% in after-market trading. The San Francisco-based company reported on Tuesday net income of $555 million, or 86 cents per share, for the three months ended June 30. That compares with net income of $650 million, or 98 cents per share, in the same quarter last year. Analysts’ consensus estimates called for earnings of 91 cents per share, according to FactSet. Revenue rose 11% from a year earlier to $2.75 billion, slightly higher than what analysts forecast. The vacation-rental platform said it booked 125.1 million nights and experiences in the second quarter, a 9% increase from a year earlier. The average daily rate rose 2% to $170. The company said it expects that to increase modestly on an annual basis in the third quarter. While booking growth was strong, management said that in July it noticed that many customers were opting to reserve an Airbnb property within a couple of weeks of when they need to stay, rather than doing so months in advance. “We are seeing shorter booking lead times globally and some signs of slowing demand from U.S. guests,” CEO Brian Chesky said during a conference call with analysts. “We’re watching these trends closely, along with the impact any macroeconomic pressures might be causing.” 186
187
188
The company factored the trend into its thirdquarter outlook. Airbnb predicts third-quarter revenue between $3.67 billion and $3.73 billion, which would be below Wall Street’s forecast of $3.84 billion, according to FactSet. The company said that its seeing more customers are sign up for Airbnb rentals to mark holidays and other special events, noting that the week of July 4th was Airbnb’s single highest week of revenue ever in North America. Nights booked at Airbnb rentals in the Paris region around the Olympics through the end of the second quarter were more than double the same period last year, with a 37% increase in active listings, the company said. Airbnb is working to draw more people to sign up with the company to host guests in order to beef up its supply of short-term rentals. Its active listings exceeded 8 million in the second quarter. The company, which in May rolled out Airbnb Icons, a promotion that gives its customers a chance at overnight stays in exotic settings, is also culling less appealing listings from its site. Since April 2023, it has removed more than 200,000 listings “that failed to meet our guests’ expectations,” Chesky said. He said the company plans to roll out new products and services every year, starting in October, with a new co-hosting marketplace that he believes will boost listings on the site. 189