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c. 177,
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paTHBHo-npHKna)J;Horo HCKYCCTBa 3a-
KmoqeHbI B caMon HX OCHOBe, 6a3H-
PYIOII.:(enCH Ha HapO)J;HOM TBOpqeCTBe,
COqeTalOII.:(en B ce6e 3CTeTHqeCKOe Ha-
qano C npOMblIIIneHHon TeXHonorHen
H pyqHbIM TpY)J;OM. «PyqHon TBOp-
qeCKHn TpY)J;, COCTaBJlJIIOIlum OCHOBY
)J;eHTenbHOCTH HapO)J;HbIX xyp:O>KeCT-
BeHHblX npOMbIcnOB, - 3TO )J;O>KHB-
IIIaH )J;O HaIIlHX )J;Hen <pOpMa Tpy)J;a,
eCTeCTBeHHO COqeTalOII.:(aH B ce6e Bce
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npOHBJlJIIOII.:(aH B Hepa3pbIBHOM u;e-
nOM cnOC06HOCTb qeJIOBeKa qyBCTBO-
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rHX...»2.
I 11 II X a ',I e B E. T. 3CTeTlu<a Bocmna-
HllH. M., 1972, c. 7.
2 K a H 1.\ e A II K a C A. PyqHOll TpYJl
MacTepa - AyxoBHaH l.\eHHocTb. - .1XeKopa-
TllBHoe llCKYCCTBO CCCP, 1978, N!! 8,
c. 15.
10
3aHHTHH )J;eKOpaTHBHO-npHKna)J;-
HbIM HCKYCCTBOM n03BOJIJIIOT 60nee
aKTHBHO Hcnonb30BaTb KpaCOTY npH-
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I K Y 3 H H B. C. OCHOBhI 06Y'leHlUI
11306pa3HTe.fIbHOMY HCI<YCCTBY B llII<O.fIe. M.,
1977, c. 41.
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H ern p33Bl1Tl1e B TBOp'-IeCI<oll .r:\eHTeJIbHOCTH
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20
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MbICJIOB». He Bcer.n;a 06pa3u;oM .n;JIH
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c. 12.
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( B. HIT. 4).
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23
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25
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1978, N!! 6, c. 5.
26
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29
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30
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pa3MepaM o6pa3Qa. Pa60Ta HaJ]; IIOJ];-
rOTOBHTenbHbIM PHCYHHOM. lIcnon-
HeHHe pe3HoH KOMno3HQHH.
32
T e M a 3. KOHTYPHWI pe3b6a no
TOHHpOBaHHOMY cl>OHY. AHHMaJIH-
CTH'IeCKaJl KOMn03HQ;HJI- 8 t.JaCOB.
CneQH<pHHa HeraTHBHoro PHCYH-
Ha. T eXHonOrIDI TOHHpoBaHIDI H npo-
3pat.JHoH OTJ];enIill J];epeBHHHoH no-
BepxHocTH. Cnoco6bI nepeBoJ];a PH-
CYHHa Ha TeMHbIH <pOH.
npaKmU'I{eCKaR pa6oma. .D:eKopa-
THBHbIe HOMn0311QHH J];nH HrpOBbIX
HOMHaT J];eTcKoro caJ];a. IToJ];roToBHa
OCHOBbI. Pa60Ta Ha,D, 3CIill30M. .D:e-
HopaTHBHaH TpaHToBHa <POpM »<H-
BOTHoro MHpa. I1epeBoJ]; pHcYHHa Ha
OCHOBY. lIcnonHeHHe pe3b6bI.
ITpH BbIIlonHeHHH pe3b6bI no TO-
HHpoBaHHoH OCHOBe Heo6xoJ];HMO
npeJ];OCTeperaTh IIIHonbHHHOB OT nOJ];-
pa»<aHHH JUiHOrpaBrope, J];06HBaHCb
OT HHX BbIpa3HTenbHblX HOMn03H-
QHH nHHeHHo-J];eHopaTHBHoro xapaH-
Tepa. Y t.JHTblBaH onEIT npHKapnaT-
CHHX HapOJ];HbIX MaCTepOB no J];epeBY,
MO»<HO peHOMeHJ];OBaTb TOHHpOBaTb
OCHOBY He TonbHO E! t.JepHbIH, HO 11
B HpaCHbIH, 3eneHbIH, CHHHH HnH
HopHt.JHeBbIH QBeTa.
T eM a 4. reOMeTpH'IeCKaJl (Tpex-
rpaHHo- BbleM'IaTaJl) pe3b6a. A3-
6YKa reOMeTpH'IeCKHX 3JIeMeH-
TOB - 10 t.JaCOB.
JJ:eHopaTHBHbIe oco6eHHOCTH reo-
MeTpHt.JecHoH pe3b6bI. ITpHMepbI H3
HCTOpllli HapoJ];Horo HCHyccTBa
(npHnlill, BanbIill, Py6enH ApxaH-
renbcHoH, BonoroJ];cKoH H J];PyrHx
o6nacTeH POCCHH; H3J];enIDI HaBKa3-
CHHX MacTepoB; reoMeTpHt.JecHa.R
pe3b6a HapoJ];oB CpeJ];HeH A3HH; npH-
6anTHHcIille H3J];enH.R). lICxoJ];HbIe
(a36Yt.JHbIe) Y30PbI reoMeTpHt.JecKoH
pe3b6bI (CM. pHC. 83).
<
11. Pe3HaH KOMn0311l.\I1H. 06pa3 e l.\
llpaKmU'I{eCKafl pa6oma. I1o roToB-
Ka OCHOBbI. Pa3MeTKa pe3HorO nOJI.R
no Y30PbI a36YKI1 (Ka>l< bIM 113 HI1X
nOBTOp.ReTC.R MHorOKpaTHO Ha npo-
T.R>I<eHI1I1 BceM nOJIOCbI). HCnOJIHe-
HMe pe3b6bI.
"t..IT06bI pe3b6a nOJIy aJIaCb M-
e, a YCMmrn 3aTpa MBaJIOCb MeHb-
Ille, nOJIOCIili Y30POB CJIe YeT pac-
nOJIaraTb nonepeK BOJIOKOH. Tor a
Bce pa3pe3bI 6y YT MJl:TM no BOJIOK-
HaM HJrn: no OCTpbIM yrJIOM K HMM,
TO He 'rpe6yeT 3aTpaTbI' 60JIbIllHX
YCMJIMM.
Pacnpe eJIMB Ha nJIOCKOCT.RX
(JIHIJ;eBOM M 060pOTHOM) 3arOTOBKM
Y30POB M Bblpe3aB MX, y a l1ec.R
6Y YT MMeTb cnpaBO Hbrn MaTepMaJI
JI.R BbIIIOJIHeHlffi nOCJIe ylO HX 3a-
aHMM.
T e M a 5. Y30p reOMeTpHTleC:Ko-
ro xapaKTepa H3 H3YTleHRhIx 311
MeHTOB (pa6oTa no 06pa3IJ;aM)-
12 aCOB.
H CnOJIb30BaHMe nmiCTl1HbI C pe3-
HOM a3 YKoM B Ka eCTBe cnpaBo Ho-
ro MaTepMaJIa npn CO MHeHHH KOM-
n03HIJ;MM. B03MO>l<Hble }<OMII03MIJ;M-
OHHble co eTaHIDI O Horo MJII1 He-
CKOJIbKMX 3JIeMeHTOB pe3b6bI B Y30pe.
3aBMcMMoCTb Bblpa3MTe.n:bHOCTI1 KOM-
n03MIJ;HH OT rJIy6MHbI pe3b6bI. Oco-
6eHHocTb TeXHOJIOrHH pe3b6bI no M.RI'-
KOM M TBep oM peBecMHe. B03MO>l<-
2-748
HOCTI1 MCnOJIb30BaHM.R TeKCTYPbI
XBOMHblX nopo JI.R OCTM>I<eHM.R
Bblpa3MTeJIbHOCTM KOMn03HD;MM. PMTM
npM BbIIIOJIHeHHH npMeMOB reOMeTpM-
eCKHX Y30pOB.
llpaKmU'I{ecKaJl pa6oma. TeXHOJIO-
rM eCKMe OnepaIJ;HH no M3rOTOBJIe-
HMIO epeB.RHHOM OCHOBbI no Re3b-
6y (pacKpoM, nMJIeHMe, cTporaime).
HCnOJIHeHMe no 06pa3IJ;y eKopaTMB-
HOM pe3HoM nJIaCTHHbI C HeCJIO>l<HOM
KOMn03MIJ;MeH .
Ha 3TOM 3aH.RTHM y aIl1;l1ec.R Y3Ha-
lOT, TO, MCnOJIb3Y.R Y30PbI reOMeT-
pM eCKOM a36Ylm, MO>l<HO COCTaBMTb
orpOMHoe KOJrn: eCTBO pa3Ho06pa3-
HblX KOMn03MIJ;MM TpexrpaHHO-BbI-
eM aTOM pe3b6bI. ECJII1 y eHMK MMe-
eT OCTaTO HO Bblpa3MTeJIbHbIH 06-
pa3eD; 11 no roTOBMTeJlbHbIH PMCYHOK
K HeMY, TO BeHa IJ;aTI1 aCOB OCTa-
TO'llIO, T06bI CaMOCTO.RTeJIbHO no-
BTOpMTb HeCJIO>l<HYlO KOMn03MIU1lO
(pMC. 11).
Tal{ KaK y IllKOJIbHHKOB HeT e e
HaBblKa B CO MHeHHH KOMn03MIJ;MH
C reoMeTpH ecKoM pe3b60M, MO}I{HO
nOKa3aTb JIM Y30PbI Ha PYCCKMX np.RJI-
Kax XIX-XX BeKOB 1.
Ba>l<HO npOCJIegHTb, Kal{ COqeTa-
lOTC.R 3JIeMeHTbI reOMeTpM ecKOM a3-
6YKI1 B geKope np.RJIoK.
I CM.: K p y r II 0 B a o. PYCCKaH Ha-
pOP;HaH pe3b6a 11 pOCnl1Cb no p;epeBY. M.,
1974.
B
12, C. qe«Y/laeea. .D:eKopaTHBHoe 6JIlo o c
reOMeTpHQeCKOH pe3b6oH
Hepe,n;KO Y Yt.JHTeJIe:H cy eCTBY-
eT Onm60t.JHOe MHeHMe, 6y,n;TO TpeX-
rpaHHO-BbIeMt.JaTaR pe3b6a OrpaHM-
t.JHBaeTCR JIHIIIb reOMeTpHt.JeCKHMM
Y30paMH. .II:e:HCTBHTeJIbHO, reOMeT-
pHt.JeCKHe KOMn03 HH, BbIllOJIHeH-
HbIe B 3TO:H pe3b6e, Heo6bIt.Ja:HHO
pa3Hoo6pa3HbI no 60raTCTBY COqe-
TaHM:H, CBeTOTeHeBOH Hrpe, 6eCKO-
Het.JHbIM BapHaltHHM Y30pOB. Ho reo-
MeTpHt.JeCKaH pe3b6a n03BqJIHeT
e03,n;aBaTh KOMn03Hlt:nH caMbIX pa3-
HblX >KaHpOB, HCKJIlOqaR JImIIb nopT-
peT. 3TO OTqeTJIHBO BH,D;HO Ha PYC-
CIillX Hapo,n;HblX npHJIKax, r,n;e BCTpe-
t.JaIOTCH y30pbI C nTHltaMH, ltBeTaMH,
pa3JIHt.JHbIMIf paCT HHHMM, ,n;a H OT-
,n;eJIbHbIe 3.n;eMeHTbI a36yI<H 6JIH3I<H
K cpopMe ltBeTOB, 6YTOHOB, JIMCTbeB.
QTo6bI yt.Ja eCH MOrJIH YBH,n;eTb
60raTCTBO H306pa3HTeJIbHbIX B03-
'MO>KHOCTeH 3Toro BH,n;a pe3h6bI, Ha
3aJIHTHHX KpY>KKa CJIe,n;YeT paCCMOT-
peTb KOMn03HltHH C paCTHTeJIbHbI-
3-1-
MM 3JIeMeHTaMM Ii aHHMaJIHCTHt.JeCKMe
H306pa>KeHHH.
B OCf!:OBe paCTHTeJIbHblX MOTHBOB
reOMeTpHqeCKOH pe3b6bI JIe>KaT CIDl-
HID! B Kpyre H pa3JU:1t.JHbIe p03eTKM,
B Kat.JeCTBe npHMepa MO>KHO HCnOJIb-
30BaTb KOMn03HIUfi<) Ha pe3HOM 6JIIO-
,n;e, c,n;eJIaHHOM BbmYCKHmJ;e:H Op-
JIOBCKOrO ne,n;HHCTHTYTa H CJIY>Ka-
HM . ,n;M,n;aKTHt.JeCKMM MaTepHaJIOM
,n;JIH KPY>KKOBO:H pa60TbI (pHC. 12).
3,n;eCb B nepe,n;aqe paCTHTeJIbHOrO
Y30pa coxpaHeHa CTporocTh reOMeT-
pHt.JecKoH pe3h6bI.
HaH6oJIhIIIyro TPY,D;HOCTh B ,n;aH-
HOM 3a,n;aHMH npe,n;CTaBJIHeT HMeHHO
,n;eKopaTHBHaH TpaKToBKa o6pa30B
>KHBOTHOro MHpa. QT06bI cnpa-
BHTbCH C 3TO:H pa60TO:H, IIIKOJIbHH-
I<M ,n;OJI>KHbI BHat.JaJIe HapHcoBaTb
>KHBOTHblX C HaTypbI. 3TO MorYT
6bITh o6HTaTeJlli IllKOJIbHOrO iKHBoro
yrOJIKa, ,n;OMaIIlHHe >KHBOTHbIe, ECJIH
eCTh B03MO>f<HOCTb, peKoMeH,n;yeTcH
cOBepIIIHTh 3KCKYPCmo B 300napK
,n;JUI 3apHcoBoK >KHBOTHblX, nTHIJ;,
npoBecm Ha6JIIO,n;eHHH 3a HX nOBe-
,n;eHMeM, xapaKTepHbIMH ,n;BH>f<eHHH-
MH, n03aMH. B I<paHHeM cJIytIae MOiK-
HO B I<at.JeCTBe HaTypbI HCnOJIb30BaTh
t.JYt.JeJla nT H >KHBOTHblX H3 Ka-
6HHeTa 6HOJIOrHH.
B I<OMn03HIJ;HHX Ha aHHMaJIHCTM-
qeCI<yro TeMY cpOpMbI >KHBOTHOrO
MMpa TBopt.JeCKM nepepa6aTbIBaIOTCH
no,n; reoMeTpHt.JecKyro pe3h6y. QTO-
6bI JIyt.JIIIe nOHHTb 3TO, CJIe,n;YeT no-
3HaKOMHTbCH C y6paHcTBoM npHJIOI<
H npHHHt.JHblX ,n;OCOI<, B I<OTOpbIX
>KHBOTHbIe, nTmJ;bI, pbI6bI Hepe,n;I<O
cOCTaBJIHIOT lteHl'p KOMn03HltH:H. 3TO
MOryT 6bITh I<aI< OT,n;eJIhHbIe H306-
paiKeHID!, TaK H lteJlbIe ,n;eI<OpaTHB-
HbIe naHHO. HanpHMep, Ha npmIHt.J-
HO:H gocKe 1870 roga H3 KHPOBCKO:H
06JIaCTH B OgHHOqHOM H306pa>l<eHHH
KOHH HCnOJIb30BaHbI 3JIeMeHTbI reO-
MeTpHqeCKO:H pe3b6bI (pHC. 13). TIp.R-
HHqHa.R gocKa XIX BeKa H3 MOCKOB-
CKO:H 06JIaCTH npegcTaBJI.ReT co6o:H
pe3Hoe naHHO C llIecTbro geKopaTHB-
HO TpaKTOBaHHbIMH nTH:U;aMH
(pHC. 14).
B KaqeCTBe IIpHMepa yqe6HO:H pa-
60TbI npHBo,nHTC.R PHCYHOK geKo-
paTHBHoro naHHO «IJ:BeTbI H nTH:U;bI»
(pHC. 15). Cepbe3HYro nOMOI.:u;b B
03HaKOMJIeHHH C aHHMaJIHCTHqeCKH-
MH H306pa>l<eHH.RMH o606:I.QeHHOrO xa-
paKTepa, npHrogHbIMH ,WI.R nepeBoga
B geKopaTHBHYro pe3b6y, MorYT OKa-
3aTb o6pa3:U;bI HapogHO:H BbIllIHBKH
KpeCTOM.
T e M a 6. KOMII03UQ;HJI U3 pac-
TUTellhHIdX 311eMeHTOB (UJIB aHB-
MaJIUCTUTIeCKOrO xapaKTepa) -
COTIeTaHUe KOHTYPHOii U reOMeT-
pUTIecKoii pe3h6h1 Ha TeMHOM HJlB
CBeTJIOM oHe - 14 qaCOB.
TIpHMepbI H3 HCTOpHH HapogHoro
HCKYCCTBa (np.RHHqHble gOCKH KH-
pOBCKO:H, MOCKOBCKO:H 06JIaCTe:H H
H ;:w.). Oco6eHHocm geKopaTHBHO:H
TpaKTOBKH o6pa3a. Cnoco6bI oTgeJI-
KH pe3HO:H nOBepxHoCTH. .
llpaKmU1I.eCKOJl pa6oma. C03gaHHe
geKopaTHBHbIX IIJIaCTlIH gJI.R O OpM-
JIeHIDI nOMe:I.QeHHH HaqaJIbHbIX KJIaC-
COB (KOJIJIeKTHBHoe 3agaHHe). Hc-
nOJIHeHHe 3CKH30B KOMn03HIJ;HH B 3a-
gaHHoM opMaTe. 3apHCOBKH C Ha-
TypbI >I<HBOTHbIX, nTH:U;, aKBapHYM-
HbIX pbI6; pHCOBaHHe JIHCTbeB, :U;Be-
TOB (B03MO>l<HO C 60TaHHqeCKHX rep-
6apHeB). HCnOJIb30BaHHe 3apHCOBOK
JIeTHerO nepHoga. .II:eKopaTHBHa.R ne-
pepa60TKa 06pa30B nog COqeTaHHe
2*
If" ""\ '" . ' . ( . ",y --
.., '..' 4 i,"" '" \
:. - i , · !. ':. ,': ...' '<if,.,.- ':
, 1 41. .........,i " 'r.
; \ '7' .oI.:""< t ,:. ,. ' ;
,\' 1 , i I '" .' '. \ ,-..;.:., .-
{; , 'h " " ,{ -, , . f ' ,'1H1}Ui '. I '. f-
1'" ,.. \u' { " ' '. .
. ;"',;.. , ., :;\ ,. ; ,'... 1 A',, , ': I
,..iI , .... ... :_ ''- . ,
;' 1 "' .' ; 't;\- , :f
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, f i , * ;.." ,,, ' . \:",:
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l './' ; I. .... \\ ",-!,
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t_' r....,.: .....
:':t'lW-., 'j." t . ,,;:' " '.'. < ""
"1' ,''i(f .,. < ,.... ,,', ",' u" ,
"",., ,iO>; ,""': ' "'. .,.
; J.. : ,- , .' s!!.,,,,) , ;'.1.!
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.. ,f; '. :?'t . ,. ' . -::.... 11
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I " , " .ft ';#:b# fll. ' i
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h>" ...i/1> itt ..... ..,.
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r. '" " \ ;;:l iW · ", ',
._ 1. " 't. "i... .i"'-..r.
ttW '.. , ; . ' -.
../ !tt( 4",.,,_, :.; ,
.' "1(' .'''' 'fr.'
t. f':"- "':W i ' l
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.<. : ;: L . ; :: .. .j _ ,"
}*;.;'}Ii,H "' ' '{
h - . 'I t .... .........'.. _:
r' .., . \ .-!- F 'i\"';. : t
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lit£.
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13, 14. <POpMbI .r:\Jl5I npHHIII<Oi3. X IX Bel<
35
15. eTbI 1I !1TlIl\bI. Pe3HaH KOMTI0311l\lIH
3JIeMeHTOB reOMeTpHG:eCI<OM M KOH-
TYPHOM pe3b6bI. BOnJIO:I.QeHMe B Ma-
TepMaJIe.
T e M a 7. BhIlIOJIHeHHe IIpOCTo-
ro IIpej];MeTa (CTpOraHoro HJIH TO-
qeHoro) C pe3HOH 3aCTaBKOH (BM
pe3b6bI no BbI60PY yqa:I.Qeroc.R)-
18 qaCOB.
YqeT cl>YHK MOHaJIbHOrO Ha3Haqe-
HID! 6bITOBoro npe MeTa M ero CB.R3b
C pe3HbIM eKopOM. 3MO MOHaJIb-
Ha.R BbIpa3MTeJIbHOCTb cl>OPMbI. BbI-
.RBJIeHMe eKopaTMBHblX CBOMCTB Ma-
TepMaJIa B TpaKTOBKe 06pa30B. IIpo-
eKT M3 eJIM.R. Pa3pa6oTKa pe3HOM
3aCTaBKM. Cnoco6 OT emrn M erO
3aBMCMMOCTb OT YTMJIMTapHOro MC-
nOJIb30BaHM.R M3 eJIH.R.
llpaKmU'I/,eCKaR pa6oma. C03 aHMe
npoeKTa. H3rOTOBJIeHMe (CTOJI.Rp-
HbIM MJIM TOKapHbIM cnoco60M) OC-
HOBbI npe MeTa COrJIaCHO rrpoeKTY
M BbIIIOJIHeHMe pe3HOM: 3aCTaBKM (OT-
eJIKa rOTOBOrO M3 eJIM.R rrpOM3BO-
MTC.R B 3aBMCMMOCTM OT BbI6paHHO-
rO BM a pe3b6bI - reOMeTpMqeCKOM
.MJIM KOHTYPHOM, no CBeTJIOMY MJIM
no TeMHOMY cl>OHY).
36
.:..... '"""-.
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,-
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t A '\4 """""""' "
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16. Epa TIOp;CBeqHlIK C pe3Holl 3acTaBKolI
OnbIT nOHa3aJI, qTO xoponm:e pe-
3YJIbTaTbI aeT C03 aHl1e CTpOraHbIX
11 TOqeHbIX 113 eJIIDr C 3JIel\1eHTa1\Ur
re01\1eTpMqeCHOll pe3b6bI. HaM60nee
npOCTbIl\lli M3 emUIl\lli MOrYT 6bITb
O eqI<M no OTpbIBHOll HaJIeH apb,
pa3 eJIOqHble OCHl1. I1pl1 C03p:aHlUI
60JIee CJIO»<HOro npep:1\1eTa J];.IDI O<pOp-
l\1JIeHl1H l1HTepbepa -- nO CBeqHl1H3
MCnOJIb30BaHbI 3JIel\1eHTbI npo-
pe3HOll M reOMeTpMqeCHOll pe3b6bI
(pMC. 16), qTq xapaHTepHo p:JIH eHopa
PYCCJ{I-IX npHJIOK
T eM a 8. 3aKlIIOQHTelIbHOe 3a-
HJlTHe -- 2 qaca.
I1o Be eHIIe IITorOB eHTeJIbHOCTH
HpY»<Ha 3a rop:, PeHOl\1eH,D;aQIIH Kpy»<-
I<OBQaM Ha JIeTHMe I<aHHHYJIbi. I1ep-
cneHTIIBbI 3aHHTllI HpY»<Ha B 6Y)l;Y-
el\1 rop:y.
I1oJ];roToBHa H O<p0p1\1JIeHl1e OTqeT-
HOll BblCTaBHH eHOpaTl1BHO-npH-
HJIa HOrO l1CHYCCTBa.
BTOPOH roJ], 3AH5!THfI
(PEJIbEq,HA5! PE3hEA)
IIPorPAMMA
T e 1\1 a 1. BBoAHoe 3aHJlTHe
2 qaca.
KpaTl<HM 0630p HTorOB 1-ro ro a
06yqeHHH. Pe»<l1l\1 pa60TbI HpY»<Ha
B HOBOl\1 ro y. OpraHH3aQHoHHble
BonpocbI.
CY HOCTb pem.e<p1IOM pe3b6bI.
3HaH0l\1CTBO C 06pa3Qal\lli H3 eJIl1M
yqa HXCH npep:bIp:YIQIIx JIeT 06y-
qeHlIH IIJIH C M3)l;eJIHHl\lli PYHOBO H-
TeJIH HpY»<Ha. I1pOCMOTp CJIaM OB,
Ma<pHJII,l\10B, HHH0<pHJII,l\10B, penpo-
YHQHll. 060pyp:oBaHHe, MHCTPY-
1\1eHTbI, l\1aTepIIaJIbI, npHcnoc06JIe-
HIIH. Tpe60BaHlIH TeXHHHH 6e30nac-
HOCTH.
T e 1\1 a 2. MeXaHH'IeCKHe H AeKO-
paTHBHbIe CBoHcTBa ApeBecHHbI,
npHMeHJleMOH B pelIbe«}moH pe3b-
oe, - 4 qaca.
MaHpOCI<Onl1qeCHHe (BH HMbIe)
npII3HaI<M pa3JIl1qHbIX nopo . BJIa»<-
HOCTI" y eJII,HhIM Bec, npOqHOCTI"
paCHaJIbIBaHIIe, TBep ocTI, l\1aTepHa-
JIa. I1opOI<M p:peBecHblx nopop:. Pl1-
CYHOH BOJIOHOH B 3aBHCl1MOCTH OT
HanpaBJIeHHH cpe3a. 3aBIICM1\lOCTI,
peJIbe<pa B pe3b6e OT TeHcTypbI.
npaKmWiCCKaR. pa6oma. Ynpa»<He-
HHH no 3aTOqHe 11 npaBHe IIHCTpy-
l\1eHTOB. 1I3roToBJIeHHe .n;ep»<aBoH
p:JIH 3aHpenJIeHHH pe3HoM nJIaCTlfHbl
npl1 pa60Te.
T e M a 3. OpHaMeHTalIbHaJl pe3b-
oa no AepeBy -- 16 qaCOB.
XapaHTepHble oc06eHHocTH I<Ol\1-
n03IIQ110HHOrO nocTpoeHIIH peJII,e<p-
HOM pe3b6bI, ee CneQII<pIIqeCHIIe qep-
TbI. OTJIIIql1e pl1CYHI<a C HaTypbI OT
IIo rOTOBMTeJII,HOrO pIIcYHI<a p:JIH
pe3I,6bI, IIl\1elO erO )l;eHOpaTl1BHbli-I
xapaHTep,
CTa l1H BbIIIOJIHeHHH peJII,e<pHoi-I
pe3I,6bI. I1pIIeMbI 06pa60THH <poHa.
npaKmU"4CCKaJl pa6oma, 3apl1COBHl1
OpHal\1eHTaJIbHbIX pe3Hblx H01\1II0311-
U:IDr C 06pa3QOB Hapop:Horo IICHYC-
CTBa. [1op:roToBHa epe.BHHI-lOM IIJIaC-
TIIHbI IIO pe3I,6y. I1epeBO)l; pIIcYHHa
Ha l\1aTepl1aJI. Ha pe3aHIIe 11 IIOp:p -
3aHl1e I<OHTYpOB. YrJIy6JIeHl1e <poHa.
MO eJIIIpOBaHIIe p:eTaJIeM pe3b6bI.
I1popa60TI<a <poHa (CM. pMC. 103).
T e M a 4. PelIbe«!maJl pe3HaJl
KOMn03H:Q;H.H Ha npOH3BOlIbHYlO
TeMY (TBOpqeCHaH pa60Ta) -- 24 qaca.
BHP:bI II I<JIaCcII<pl1HaU:l1H I<JIeeB
p:.IDI p:peBeCIIHbI, IIX CBoMcTBa, cno-
37
C06bI npMrOTOBJIemUI M peK01\'leH a-
Iill no npMMeHeHMlO. BbI60p MaTe-
pMa.rra M yqeT erO TeKCTypbI npM BbI-
nOJIHeHIill epeBHHHoro peJIbeq>a.
CKJIeMBaHMe OCHOBbI no pe3b6y.
BM bI OT eJIKH pe3HbIX IIOBepXHO-
cTeH.
npaKmU'I{eCKaJl pa6oma. BbI60p ClO-
>I<eTa. BblIIOJIHeHMC no roTOBMTeJIb-
Horo pMcYHKa C TOHaJIbHOH nepe a-
qeH nJIaHOB peJIbecl>a. 1I CnOJIHeHMe
pe3Horo peJIbecl>a. OT J];eJIKa epe-
BHHHOH nOBepXHOCTI1 pe3b6bI o-
cTynHb cnoco6oM.
T e M a 5. H3rOTOBJIeHMe pe3HLlx
nJIaCTHH no CIO)KeTaM HapoAHLIx
CKa30K (KOJIJIeKTI1BHaH TBOpqeCKaH
pa6oTa) - 22 qaca.
TIpoeKT ocl>opMJIeHIDI KOHKpeTHoro
nOMel.QeHMH. BbI eJIeHMe 30HbI )l;JIH
eKopaTMBHbIX peJIbecl>oB. Copa3-
MepHocTb pe3HbIx fmaCTMH o6'be1\'lY
nOMel.QeHMH, ero cl>YHK 110HaJIbHoMY
Ha3HaqeHMlO.
Oco6eHHocTM pa60TbI Ha,rJ; PMCYH-
KOM K CKa3KaM C yqeTOM xy O>l<eCT-
BeHHO-TeXHOJIOrMqeCKMX CBOHCTB M
YCJIOBHOCTeH peJIbecl>HoH pe3b6bI.
OpraHM3a IDI KOJIJIeKTMBHOH TBOp-
qeCKOH pa60TbI Ha pe3HbIMM KOMnO-
3M MHMM.
n paKmU'I{ecKaJl pa6oma. 1I CnOJIHe-
HMe npoeKTa ocl>opMJIeHIDI MHTepbe-
pa MrpoBoH KOMHaTbI eTcKoro ca a.
BbI60p 3nM30 a M3 CKa3KH. KOJIJIeK-
TMBHaH pa60Ta Ha,rJ; no rOTOBMTeJIb-
HbIMM pMcYHKaMM M MCnOJIHeHMeM
peJIbecl>a B MaTepMaJIe. 3aKpenJIeHMe
peJIbecl>a B nOMel.QeHHI1.
T e M a 6. 3aKJIIO'IHTeJIhHOe 3a-
HHTHe - 2 qaca.
1I TorH emeJIbHOCTM KpY>I<Ka 3a
Ba ro a o6yqeHMH. COBeTbI M pe-
KOMeH,l];a 1ill nO caMoCTOHTeJlbHoMY
TBOpqeCTBY yqanw;xcH. Harpa>l< e-
HMe HaM60JIee aKTMBHblX qJIeHOB
KpY>I<Ka.
TIo roToBKa M ocl>opMJIeHMe BbI-
CTaBKM eKopaTMBHblX H3 emm qJIe-
HOB KpY>I<Ka. 06CY>I<J];eHMe BbICTaBKM
C npMBJIeqeHMeM aKTMBa lll OJIbI M
yqa MXCH pa3HbIX KJIaCCOB.
3a Ba ro a aKTMBHbIX 3aHHTMH
B KpY>l<Ke YG:aIUl1eCH npMo6peTalOT
TaKOH 3anac 3Hamm M HaBbIKOB, KO-
Topbrn n03BOJIHeT MM caMOCTOHTeJIbHO
3aHMMaTbCH pe3b6oH no epeBY.
CJIe ylO BM OM eKopaTMBHO-
rrpMKJIa HOrO MCKYCCTBa, C KOTOpbIM
peKoMeH yeTcH n03HaKOMMTb yqa-
I1XCH B lllKOJIbHOM KpY>l<Ke, HBJIH-
eTCH epeBHHHaH M03aHKa.
IIEPBhlti 1'0)], 3AH5ITHH
KPY)KOK JJ:EPEB5IHHOH M03Al1KH
3aHHTIDI M03aHKOH HC Tpe6YlOT
60JIblllOro nOMe eHIDI M CJIO>l<HOrO
060PY OBaHMH. lIx MO>l<HO npOBO-
MTb B KJIaCce, B IlliOHepCKOH KOMHa-
Te, B CTOJI.RpHOH MaCTepCKOH - Be3 e,
3R
r e MMelOTCH CTOJlbI MJIH BepCTaKM.
.n:JUl Haqarra Heo6xo MMO MMeTb CTpO-
raHbrn mnOH HeCKOJIbKMX pa3JIHqHbIX
nopo peBeCMHbI. MaTepMaJI, M3
KOToporo Ha6MpalOT M306pa>l<eHMH,
COBepmeHHO He noxo>l< Ha pyrMe.
r JIaBHaH erO oco6eHHOCTb 3aKJIlOqa-
eTCR B TOM, t.JTO B erO TeKcType Kal< 6bI
cOCpe OTOt.JHJIOCb BCe TO, t.JTO BbIrraJIO
Ha omo epeBa 3a ero OJIrylO
»<M3Hb. I1pM rro 60pe M03aHlili BCe
3TM OC06eHHOCTM M Hall YT OTpa»<e-
HMe B eKOpaTMBHblX KOMrr03MQM.RX.
QT06bI rrOt.JYBCTBOBaTh M306pa3M-
TeJIbHbIe B03MO»<HOCTI1 PMCYHKOB BO-
JIOI<OH, CJIe yeT BblIlOJIHHTb p.R Yt.Je6-
HbIX yrrpIDKHeHMll.
ITPOrPAMMA
T e M a 1. BBoJJ;Hoe 3aHHTHe
2 t.Jaca.
.D:epeB.RHHa.R M03aHI<a I<al< BM,D; e-
KopaTMBHO-rrpMKJIa HOrO MCl<yccTBa.
TeXHOJIOrHt.JecKMe pa3HoBM HOCTM
M03aHl.rn - MHTapCM.R, MapKeTpM.
.D:eMOHcTPaQMH perrpo YKQHll, CJIall-
OB, M3 emm B MaTepMaJIe.
CB.R3b MCl<yccTBa epeB.RHHOll MO-
3aHlili C rrpe MeTaMM II1I<OJIbHOll rrpo-
rpaMMbI (M306pa3MTeJlbHbIM MCKYC-
CTBOM, TPY OBbIM 06Yt.JeHHeM, JIHTe-
paTYPoll, MCTopMell, 6OTaHMI<Oll, 6MO-
JIOrMell M" p.).
3Hal<OMCTBO co II1rrOHOM, MHCTPY-
MeHTaMM, rrpMcrroc06JIeHM.RMH. I1po-
rpaMMa M pe»<MM pa60TbI KpY»<Ka.
BorrpocbI opraHM3aQHoHHoro xapaK-
Tepa. Tpe60BaHM.R TeXHMIili 6e30rrac-
HOCTM.
llpaKmU'ieCKaR pa6oma. Pas60p M
pacKJIa.w<a II1rrOHa Ha CTeJIJIa»<ax. Op-
raHH3aQMH MeCTa JI.R rro 60pa MO-
3aHI<M.
T e M a 2. HeCIIO)KHaH KOMn03H-
Q;HH H3 npocTeiiwHX BCTaBOK (MC-
rrOJlb30BaHMe 06pa3QoB) - 12 t.JaCOB.
KpaTlGm 0630p MCKYCCTBa MHTap-
CMH peBHero MHpa, CpegHMX BeKOB
M 3rroXH B03pO>K)J;eHM.R.
TeKcTypa OCHOBHbIX rropo . MaK-
pOCKorrMt.JecKoe cTpoeHMe peBecM-
HbI. .D:eKopaTHBHbIe CBollcTBa CTpO-
raHoro M JIYI.QeHoro II1rrOHa (QBeT,
6JIecl<, PMCYHOI< BOJIOKOH). Y CJIOBH.R
xpaHeHM.R MaTepMaJIa.
CrreQ:tfCl>Ml<a pa60TbI Ha PMCYH-
I<OM. Y t.JeT TeKCTypbI B M03al1t.JHOM
Ha60pe.
I1p.HeMbI pa60TbI HO»<OM-pe3QOM.
I1oCJIe OBaTeJIbHOCTh BbIIlOJIHeHM.R
M03aMt.JHOll BCTaBIili (3JIeMeHTa). Pa-
60Ta C l<aJIbKOll, l{JIeeBOll JIeHTOll.
I10 60p cPparMeHTOB M306pa»<eHM.R
rro QBeTY, PMCYHI<Y, HarrpaBJIeHMlO
BOJIOI<OH.
llpaKmU'ieCKaR pa6oma. I1pMeMbI
3aTOt.J1ili MHCTpYMeHTa JI.R M03aHI<M.
MepbI 6e30rraCHOCTM. XpaHeH MH-
CTPYMeHTOB.
I10J];rOTOBl<a PMCYHI<a KOMrr03MQMM
H3 rrpOCTe:HlllliX BCTaBOI< (B BM e
JIHCTbe epeBbeB MJIH KYCTapHMI<OB)
M rrepeBO erO B MaTepMaJI.
Ha Hat.JaJIbHOll CTa HI1 06Yt.JeHMH
B epeB.RHHOll M03aMI<e BbIpe3alOTC.R
JIMCTOt.Jlill C JIerI<MMM, rrJIaBHbIMM
Ot.JepTaHM.RMM M 3aOCTpeHHbIMM I<OH-
QaMM. OHM rr03BOJIHlOT rrOH.RTb OCO-
6eHHOCTM xy o»<eCTBeHHoro rroJ];60pa
peBeCMHbI. <PopMa JIMCTbeB OJI»<Ha
6bITb rrpOCTOll, CJIerI<a M30rHYTOll,
6e3 MeJIIiliX 3y6QOB. Pa3Mep l<a»< orO
M3 JIHCTOt.JKOB - He 60JIee 4-6 CM
B OJIb OCM. 3JIeMeHThI MeHbIIlerO M
6oJIbIIlerO pa3Mepa BbIpe3aTb 3Ha-
t.JI1TeJIbHO CJIO»<Hee. KpOMe JIMCTbeB,
B Ha60p MOrYT 6bITb BBe eHbI 6YTO-
HbI, QBeTbI.
.D:JI.R rrepBoro 3a aHMH JIYt.JIIIe BbI-
6paTh 1<0HTpaCTHbIe rropo bI, Ha-
rrpMMep l{JIeH M KpacHoe epeBo MJIM
6YI< M rpeQI<Mll opex. C caMOro Hat.Jarra
HY»<HO CJIe MTb 3a TeM, 'IT06bI Yt.Ja-
I.QMeC.R rrOJIHee MCrrOJIb30BaJIH OCo-
39
oeHHOCTM TeKCTypbl, He .n;po6mIM
H306pa>I<eHMe MHO>I<eCTBOM .n;eTaJleH,
a Bce >I<MJlKM, OTTeHKM, IlITPHXM,
illITHa Haxo.n;mlli B caMOH .n;peBeCMHe.
I1pMBe.n;eHlThrn rrpMMep rrOKa3bIBaeT,
KaK 3TO .n;eJlaeTCH, - 3.n;eCb B Ka>I<.n;OM
JlMCTKe aKTMBHO MCrrOJlb30BaHbi Bce
BeTOBble M rpaq:>M"tJeCKMe rro.n;po6-
HOCTM MaTepMaJla ( B. MJI. 6).
.I(llil rrpMo6peTeHMR HaBblKa pa-
60Tbl Ha.n; rroCJle.n;yroI.U;MMM YlIpa>I<He-
HHHMM B rrepBoM 3a.n;aHIDI Y"tJaI.U;MeCH
Bblpe3alOT 5-8 JillCTKOB. KaK BM.n;HO
M3 IIpMBe.n;eHHoro IIpMMepa, Bblpa3M-
TeJlbHOCTb IIO.n;06HbIX Ha6opoB TaKO-
Ba, "tJTO rr03BOJlHeT rrpMMeHmb MX
,l];llil .n;eKopa rrJlOCKHX rroBepxHocTeH
.n;epeBHHHblX M3.n;eJlMH.
T e M a 3. DOHCK B pHcYHKax )J;pe-
BeCHblX BOJIOKOH npHpo)J;HbIX MO-
'I'HBOB (TBop"tJeCKaH pa6oTa)-
6 "tJaCOB.
I1cKyccTBo MacTepoB 3arra.n;HoH
EBporrbl XVII-XVIII BeKOB.
TIOpOlill .n;peBeCHHbl - HalUlbIB,
CBMJleBaTOCTb, CY"tJKM, 3aBMTOK, .n;pe-
BeCHbie rHMJlM; MX MCrrOJlb30BaHMe
B C03.n;aHIDI M03aM"tJHblX KOMII03M Mii.
I1pMeMbI .n;orrOJlHeHIDI PMCYHKOB BO-
JlOKOH KOHKpeTM3MpYIOI.U;MMM BCTaB-
KaMM. .II:eMoHCTpa ID1 o6pa3 oB.
npaKmut.tecKaH pa6oma. C03.n;aHMe
.n;eKopaTMBHoH IIJlaCTMHbl Ha OCHOBe
.n;peBeCHbIX Y30pOB.
.I(aHHoe yrrpaH<HeHMe OTJlM"tJaeTCR
OT rrpe.n;bl.n;YI.U;erO TeM, 'ITO .n;llil Hero
PMCYHOK lIo.n;6MpaeTCH cpe.n;M rrepe-
IIJleTeHMH BOJlOKOH, KOTopble "tJaCTO
co.n;ep>I<aT UO"tJTM 3aKOH"tJeHHble rren-
3a>I<M. I10pOH B lIo.n;o6Hbrn PMCYHOl':
.n;OCTaTO"tJHO BBeCTM o.n;HY MJill He-
CKOJlbKO BCTaBOK M3 .n;PyroH rropo.n;bl,
M M306pa>I<eHMe 6y.n;eT 3aBepllleHO
(pMC. 17). .I(orrOJlHMTeJlbHble .n;eTa-
Jill JillIIlb YTO"tJHHIOT TO, "tJTO C03.n;aHO
IIpMpO.n;OH.
HaM60Jlee rro.n;xo.n;HI.U;MH MaTepMaJl
.n;JlH 3Toro yrrpa>I<HeHIDI - rpe KMH
opex. I1HTepecHble MOTMBbl MorYT
6blTb HaH.n;eHbl B .n;peBecMHe 6YKa,
HceHH, rpa6a, KapeJlbCKOH 6epe3bl M
pH.n;a .n;Pyrnx IIOpo.n;.
Pa3Mep Ha60pa 6y.n;eT 3aBMceTb OT
IIJlOI.U;aWi HaH.n;eHHoro KycKa lllrroHa,
B3moro .n;llil <poHa.
17, a, 6. A. C. X60pocm06. BOJIHa. .IIepeBIDi. npl'lMepbI I'ICnOJlb30BaHIDI ;:J;peBecHoro pl'lcYHI<a
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T e M a 4. AHHMaJIHCTHQeCKHe
H306paIKeHHH (pa6OTa no o6pa3-
aM) - 12 qaCOB.
M03aMqHaR TeXHMHa B TBOpqeCTBe
MacTepoB Hapo HbIX xY O>I<eCTBeH-
HblX npOMbICJIOB.
.II:eHopaTMBHaR TpaHToBHa aHHMa-
JIMCTMqeCHllX M306pa>I<emrn C yqe-
TOM TeHCTypbI llInOHa. 3aBMCMMOCTb
M306pa>I<emrn: OT MaTepMaJIa M Tex-
HMKM MCrrOJIHeHMR. TIJIOCHOCTHOCTb
pellIeHMR HOMn03M H. TIpMeMbI YBe-
JIMqeHMR (YMeHbllIeHMR) pMCYHHa npM
HonMpOBaJurn C o6pa3 a.
KneM (>KMBOTHOro npOMCXO>I< e-
HMR, CMHTeTMqeCHMe). Pe>I<MMbI <l:>a-
HepoBaHMR. <PaHepOBalille BnpMTMp-
HY.
npaKmut.tecKaH pa6oma. C03 aHMe
3CHM3a M03aMqHOH HOMno3M MM. TIe-
peBo Ha OCHOBY. IIcnoJIHeHI1e B
MaTepMane. <PaHepOBaHMe.
"lIT06bI nTM bI M >I<MBOTHbIe BbI-
rJIJ{ eJlli eHopaTMBHo, y6e MTeJIbHQ,
HY>KHO CYMeTb TeHcTypoH nepe aTb
xapaHTep nepbeB, llIepcTM, qellIyM,
I1I'OJIOH M T. . qeM MeHbllIe Bpe3a-
eTCR BCTaBOH, qeM nOJIHee MCnOJIb3Y-
lOTCR CyqHM, r JIa3KM, llITpMXM, no-
JIOCHM, HpanMHHM, nRTHa, TeM 60JIee
rpaMOTHOH M eJIbHOH BbIrmIJJ;MT MO-
3aMHa llIHOJIbHMHa. 3TO 3a aHMe
n03BOJIReT YBM eTb, HaCHOJIbHO npa-
BMJ!bHO nOHRT eTbM1l eHopaTMB-
HbIH J{3bII< npMpOJJ;Horo MaTepMaJIa.
.II:JIR npMMepa 3JJ;eCb MbI rrpMBO MM
M306pa>I<eHMe rronyraH (pMC. 18). TIe-
peJlliBalOI.QMecR nepbR Ha ero rpYJJ;M
He Ha6MpaJIMCb O I1H H PyrOMY M3
OT eJIbHblX Bpe30H, a C eJIaHbI O HOH
MaCCOH M3 peBecMHbI cyqHa.
Pa3Mep M306pa>KeHMH >KMBOTHbIX
MJlli nTMQ - He MeHee 12-15 CM
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qeCHaR pa60Ta
B JIMHY, I1Haqe ynpa>I<HeHMe TepReT
CMbICJI. .II:aHHbIe Ha60pbI MorYT npeJJ;-
Ha3HaqaTbCR JJ;mI eHopaTMBHoro
o<l:>opMJIeHMR MrpOBblX HOMHaT eT-
CHoro ca a.
TeMa
CKa30K
5. HJIJIIOCTpHpOBaHHe
(TBOpqeCHaH pa6oTa)-
18 qaCOB.
TBOpqeCTBO PYCCHMX HpenocTHbIX
MacTepoB XVIII-XIX BeHOB.
BbI60p ClO>I<eTa. Oco6eHHOCTM PM-
CYHHa MJIJIlOCTpa IDi H CHa3HaM B
3aBMCMMOCTM OT MaTepMaJIa, TeXHMHM
MCnOJIHeHMR. IIcnoJIb30BaHMe nopo-
HOB peBeCMHbI JJ;mI OCTM)KeHMR
BbIpa311TeJIbHOCrn ClO>I<eTa.
OpraHM3a IDI HOJIJIeHTMBHoro M3-
rOTOBJIeHMR M3 eJIMH.
Bpe3aHMe Ha60pa B <l:>OH M3 6YMarM.
3arrpeCCOBHa Ha6opa. .II:e<l:>eHTbI <l:>a-
HepoBamrn: M MX YCTpaHeHMe. 3HC-
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TMBHoe MJlli MH BM yaJIbHoe MCnOJI-
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TbI JII06MMbIX eTbMM CKa30K ( eKO-
paTMBHbIe nJIaCTMHbI ID! expOpMJIe-
HIDI Ka6MHeTOB HaQaJIbHblX KJIaCCOB).
PMCYHllli K CKa3KaM ,n;OJI>KHbI OT-
JIM"tJaTbCH npOCTOTOH, He 6bITb 3a-
rpY>KeHbI ,n;eTaJIHMli, C He60JIbllIliM
KOJIMQeCTBOM Bpe3HbIX 3JIeMeHTOB.
):LID! liX BOnJIO eHIDI B MaTepMaJIe
CJIe,n;YeT MCnOJIb30J;laTb He 60JIee 5-
6 nopo,n;. T errJIbIH, MHrKMH, KaK 6bI
npMrJIYllIeHHbrn BpeMeHeM IJ:BeT pe-
BeCMHbI M TaMHcTBeHHbrn PMCYHOK
BOJIOKOH nOMoraIOT rJIy6>Ke oTo6pa-
3MTb ce yro peBHOCTb CKa3KM
(pMC. 19).
O,n;IDI MJIJIIOCTpaU:IDI Moryr 6bITb
BblIIOJIHeHbI caMOCTOHTeJIbHO, ,n;PY-
rMe :.- TOJIbKO CMJIaMM KOJIJIeKTMBa
YQa liXCH BMeCTe C PYKoBO TeJIeM.
Pa3Mep MH MBM)J;yaJIbHOH pa60TbI MO-
llieT 6bITb B npe eJIax 25-40 CM no
60JIbllIOH cTopoHe, KOJIJIeKTMBHoH pa-
60TbI - ,n;o 80 CM. CTOJIb KpYIIHbIe
Be li n03BOJIHIOT B nOJIHOH Mepe
BbIHBMTb peBeCHbrn PMCYHOK, e-
KopaTMBHbIe KaQeCTBa MaTepMaJIa.
):LID! aHepOBaHIDI M OT eJIllli li3ne-
mrn peKoMeH yeTcH 06paTMTbCH Ha
6Jllilliamuee ,n;epeBoo6pa6aTbIBaIO-
ee npe,n;npMHTMe. IIoJIe3Ho COBep-
llIMTb 3KCKYpCmo Ha 3TO npe npMHTMe
ID! 03HaKOMJIeHIDI C rrpou:eccaMM
o6pa6oTllli peBeCMHbI.
"',
T e M a 6. OpHaMeHT (pa6oTa no
o6pa3u:aM) - 12 QaCOB.
PyccKrrn xY O)l{eCTBeHHbrn nap-
KeT.
3aKOHOMepHOCTll nOCTpOeHHH Op-
HaMeHTOB. OpHaMeHTaJIbHble JIeHTbI,
p03eTbI, OpHaMeHTbI CeTqaTOrO nma.
CMMMeTpHH M pMTM B OpHaMeHTe.
OC06eHHOCTll CMMMeTpmI B M03aMq-
HOM .n;epeBHHHOM Ha6ope. 3aBMCM-
MOCTb OpHaMeHTa OT Ha3HaqeHMH,
<pOpMbI, MaTepMaJIa .n;eKOpMpyeMoro
M3.n;eJlliH. C03.n;aHMe OpHaMeHTOB, Op-
raHMqeCKll CBH3aHHbIX C KOHCTPYK-
I.J:MeH, nJIaCTMKOH M3.n;eJIMH. BbI60p
MaTepMaJIa .n;JIH OpHaMeHTaJIbHbIX
KOMn03MI.J:MH no BHellIHMM npM3Ha-
KaM. Cnoco6bI llIJlli<pOBaHIDI M03aMQ-
HOH nOBepXHOCTM. BM,D;bI np03paQHOH
OT.n;emill. OT.n;em<a KPOMOK, 060POT-
HOH CTOpOHbI M03aMKM.
llpaKmU1JeCl<afl pa6oma. IICnOJIHe-
HMe OpHaMeHTaJIbHOrO Ha60pa no
06pa3I.J:aM C onpe.n;eJIeHHbIM <PYHKI.J:M-
OHaJIbHbIM Ha3HaQeHI1eM, HanpMMep
.n;JIH KPbIlIIIill <pOTOaJIb6oMa.
B .n;epeBHHHOH M03aMKe pa60Ta Ha.n;
OpHaMeHTOM 3aHMMaer oco6oe MeCTO.
IIpeKpaCHbIMM 06pa3I.J:aMM .n;epeBHH-
HblX M03aMQHbIX OpHaMeHTOB HBJIH-
IOTC.H PYCCKMe xYJJ;O>f<eCTBeHHble nap-
KeTbI B JJ;BOpI.J:ax M ycaJJ;b6ax MOCKBbI,
JIeHMHrpa.n;a M MX npI1I'Opo.n;OB. Pe-
KOMeH,D;yeM TaK>f<e B KaQeCTBe o6pa3-
I.J:OB McnOJIb30BaTb <pOTorpa<pmI nap-
KeTOB KOHKpe HbIX 3aJIOB (pMC. 20).
KOIrnpy.H B MaTepMaJIe TaKlle cOBep-
eHHbIe o6pa3I.J:bI, KOTOpbIMM .HBJI.H'::
IOTC.H PyccKMe xy.n;O>f<eCTBeHHbIe nap-
KeTbI, KPY>f<KOBI.J:bI npMo6peTYT .n;o-
CTaTOQHbrn HaBbIK ,D;mI COQllHeHM.H
TBOpQeCKHX opHaMeHTaJIbHblX KOM-
n03llI.J:IDi (I.J:B. MJI. 7).
<popMaT, pa3MepbI M xapaKTep op-
HaMeHTa 6y.n;YT 3aBMCeTb OT Ha3Ha-
QeHIDI M BeJI:wIMHbI Toro M3.n;eJIM.H,
KOTOPOMY OH npeJJ;Ha3HaQeH.
IIpM MCnOJIHemrn reoMeTpM"tJecKMx
opHaMeHTOB Heo6xo.n;MMO o6paTMTb
BHllMaHMe llIKOJIbHMKQB Ha BbI60p
MaTepMaJIa C 60JIee cnoKofuIoH
TeKcTypoH, pOBHOH O.n;HOTOHHOH no-
BepXHocTblO.
T e M a 7. CYBeHHpbI, 3M6JIeMbI,
naMHTHbIe 3HaKH - 8 QaCOB.
I1CI<ycCTBO .n;epeBHHHoH M03aMKM
B TBOpQeCTBe COBeTCKIIX MacTepoB.
B03MO>f<HbIe BapMaHTbI M3.n;eJIMH
cYBeHI1pHOrO xapaKTepa, BbIllOJIH.He-
MblX B JJ;aHHOM BM.n;e JJ;eKopaTMBHo-
rrpMKJIa.n;Horo MCKyccTBa. 3CTeTMQe-
CKlle Tpe60BaHHH K KaQeCTBY M3.n;e-
JIMH. T eXHOJIOrMQeCKlle .n;e<peKTbI, MX
npe.n;ynpe>f<.n;eHlle M MCnpaBJIeHMe.
llpaKm'U1JeCKQJl pa6oma. II CnOJIHe-
HMe 3M6JIeM KJIaCCOB, Ka6MHeToB IIo-
.n;apIill po.n;wreJI.HM K 3HaMeHaTertbHbIM
.n;aTaM. BbIllOJIHeHMe 3aJJ;aHMH KOM-
COMOJIbCKOH opraHM3a:QIDI llIKOJIbI -
no.n;apIill .n;eJIeraTaM KOH<pepeHI.J:MH,
CJIeTOB, <pecTMBaJIeH.
T e M a 8. 3aKJIIOQHTeIIbHOe 3a-
HHTHe - 2 Qaca.
TIo.n;Be.n;eHMe MTorOB .n;emeJIbHOCTM
KpY>f<Ka 3a ro.n;. PeKoMeH.n;aI.J:Jill nO
pa60Te B JIeTHMe MeCHI.J:bI. 3a.n;aQM
KpY>f<Ka B 6Y.IO'I..I.J:eM ro.n;y.
OT6op M3.n;eJIMH Ha BblcTaBKY.
O<popMJIeHlle BbICTaBKM.
BTUpofI rUJJ. 3AH5ITHfI
IIPorPAMMA
T e Mal. BBo)J;Hoe 3aHHTHe
2 -.:mca.
TIpOCMOTp M3.n;eJIMH 1-ro ro.n;a o6y-
QeHHH M no.n;Be.n;eHMe MTorOB. AHaJII13
caMOCTOHTeJIbHblX Ha6opoB KPY>f<-
KOBI.J:eB M PMCYHKOB K 3a.n;YMaHHbIM
4'i
KOMn03MI."\MHM, BbInOJIHeHHblX B JIeT-
HMe KaHMKYJIbI.
TIpOCMOTp ,[IMa<pMJIbMOB, p;Man03M-
TMBOB, KMHO<pMJIbMOB no HapO,[lHOMY
,[IeKOpaTMBHO-npMKJIap;HOMY MCKYC-
CTBY.
Tpe60Bamffi TeXHMKM 6e30naCHOc-
TM. OpraHM3aI."\HOHHbIe BonpOCbI.
llpaKmU'-leCKaR pa6oma. IIop;roToB-
Ka pa6o"tlero MeCTa. Pa360p MaTepMa-
JIOB P;IDI M03aHKM. 3aTO"tlKa Ii npaBKa
MHCTpYMe TOB.
T e M a 2. Cne H4>HqeCKHe )J;pe-
BeCHbIe Ha6opbI: B POCT, B elIKY,
B Kpeih 4>yry, B IIIalliKY - 6 "tlaCOB.
I1cnOJIb30BaHMe CMCTeMbI M3 ,n;BYX
3epKaJI P;IDI nOMCKOB CO"tleTaHlrn: p;pe-
BeCHbIX PMCYHKOB. IIpaBMJIa COCTaB-
JIeHHSI nop;o6HbIX Ha6opoB: IIpMMepbI
me MCnOJIb30BaHIffi B ,n;eKope nOBepx-
HocTen p;epeBHHHblX npe,n;MeToB: B
Ka"tleCTBe <poHa ,n;JIH Ha60pHbIX KOM-
n03M:u:MH; B caMOCTOHTeJIbHOM p;eKO-
paTMBHoM y6paHcTBe nOBepXHoCTM
M3p;eJllUI (M3 MCTOpIDi p;eKopaTMBHo-
npMKJIa,n;Horo MCKyccTBa M MaTepM-
aJIbHOH KYJIbTypbI).
llpaKmU'-leCKafl pa6oma. I1cnOJIHe-
Hl,Ie Ha3BaIllibIX Ha6opoB ,n;IDI <p aHe -
pOBaHHSI KOHKpeTHblX npep;MeTOB,
MH<p0pMaI."\MOHHblX CTeHp;OB.
T e M a 3. HaTlOpMOp'I' (TBOp"tle-
CKaH pa6oTa) - 14 "tlaCOB.
KOMn03MI."\MOHHble CMMBOJIbI
oco6eHHOCTb H3bIKa ,n;eKopaTMBHoro
MCKYCCTBa. I1oBopoTbl, paKypcbI, MC-
nOJIb3yeMble B M03aM"tlHOH KOMno-
3MI."\MM. .II:eKopaTMBHaH TpaKTOBKa,
o606rneHMe. IIpoI."\ecc a6cTparMpoBa-
HMH npM CO"tlMHeHIDi ,n;eKopaTMBHoro
,-14
06pa3a. IIpMeM rrpo3pa"tlHOrO pellIe-
HIDI p;eKopaTMBHoH KOMn03MI."\MM.
KJIaCcM<pMKaI."\HSI MaTepMaJIOB, MC-
nOJIb3yeMbIX B Ka'leCTBe OCHOBbI no;:!;
<paHepoBaHMe. Pe>f<MMbI <paHepoBa-
HIDI B 3aBMCMMOCTM OT BbI60pa OCHO-
BbI M KJIeeBOrO COCTaBa.
llpaKmU'-leC1Wfl pa6oma. C03P;aHMe
npoeKTa o<popMJIeHHSI IlIKOJIbHOrO 6y-
<peTa Ii Ha ero OCHOBe pa3pa6oTKa
3CKM30B KOMII03MI."\IDi HaTlOpMOpTOB.
KOJIJIeKTMBHoe o6CY>f<.D;eHMe npoeK-
TOB Ii 3CKM30B.
BOIIJIOm;eHMe B MaTepMaJIe 3a,n;y-
MaHHblX KOMII03MI."\MH.
11 CnOJIHeHMe MO>f<eT HOcMTb KaK
MHp;MBMP;yaJIbHbIH, TaK M KOJIJIeKTMB-
Hbrn xapaKTep. B nepBOM CJIY"tlae
pa3Mep M3rOTOBJIHeMbIX Ha6opOB B
B npep;eJIax 30 CM no 60JIbllIOH CTO-
pOHe, a KOMnOHOBKa Ha CTeHe 6y<peTa
6y,n;eT Ir)J;TM no npmu.J;MIIY KOJIJIa>f<a.
KOJIJIeKTMBHble M3,n;eJIHSI 6YP;YT 60JIb-
llIero <popMaTa C Y"tleTOM ,n;eKopa KOH-
KpeTHoro Y"tlaCTKa MHTepbepa.
T e M a 4. neH3aIK (TBOp"tleCKaH
pa6OTa) - 18 'laCOB.
.II:eKopaTMBHoe pellIeHMe neH3a>f<-
HOH KOMII03M IDi B p;epeBHHHoH MO-
3aMKe, ero OTJIM"tlMe OT CTaHKOBoro
neH3a>f<a. Y"tleT xy,n;O>f<eCTBeHHO-TeK-
CTYPHbIX oco6eHHocTeH MaTepMaJIa
(oTKa3 OT MeJIKme no,n;po6HocTeH,
MCnOJIb30BaHMe ,n;peBeCHoro pMCYHKa
M T. P;.).
TIoJ];6op M306pa>f<eHHSI B 6YMa>f<-
Hbrn <pOH.
I1pMcnoco6JIeHIDI P;IDI llIJlli<p0Ba-
HIDI M03aM"tlHOH nOBepXHocTM; Tex-
HOJIOrHSI me M3rOTOBJIeHHSI M MCnOJIb-
30BaHMe B Y"tle6HbIX MaCTepCKMX; MC-
npaBJIeHMe p;e<peKToB llIJIM<poBaHMH.
IIcnoJIHe-
pMCYHKa,
naHHO no
llpaKmU1JeCl<aH pa6oma.
HMe no rOTOBMTenbHoro
no 60p MaTepMana .n;mI
06pa3 Y ;
B npo ecce pa60TbI HymHo cne-
MTb, q'f06bI llIKOnbHMKM nOMHFInM
OCHOBHoe npaBMno 'no 60pa BeTHO-
ro .n;epeBa - He pa36MBaTb M306pa-
meHMe Ha MHomeCTBO eTaneH, a
MCKaTb no.n;p06HOCTII B pMCYHKax BO-
nOKOH. B qaCTHOCTM, pellIaH KPOHY
.n;epeBbeB B neH3ame, He cne.n;yeT
BbIpe3aTb Kam.n;brn JlliCTOK M BeT04KY
OT.n;enbHO. TIp OCTO M 0606 eHHO
MomHO BbInOnHMTb I1X M3 HaIIJIbIBOB
M CY4KOB opexa, rpYllIM, 6epe3bI,
HceHH, y6a M p a .n;pyrMx nopo.n;.
B03MomHbI MH.n;MBM yanbHbIe M
KonneKTMBHbIe pellIeHMH.
<l>opMaT neH3ama - npOM3Bonb-
Hbrn (ropM30HTanbHbrn MJlli BepTM-
KanbHbrn npHMoyronbHMK, KBa.n;paT,
Kpyr, OBan M T. .n;.).
T e M a 5. ClOlKeTHo-TeMaTHQe-
CKWI KOMno3H (TBop4ecKaH
pa6OTa) - 30 4aCOB.
E.n;MHCTBO co epmaHHSI M oc06eH-
HocTeH 06pa3Horo pellIeHHSI ClOmeT-
HO-TeMaTM4eCKI1X KOMn03Ili\MH. PMT-
MM4ecKIDi CTpOH M306pamaeMbIx
<pOpM M BeTOBblX IIHTeH. TInocKocT-
Ho-ycnoBHaH TpaKTOBKa <pOpM. 3a-
KOHbI BeTOBe eHHSI M MX Mcnonb30-
BaHI1e mI 060ra eHHSI BeTOBoro
pellIeHHSI KOMn03M MM.
BapMaHTbI nM eBoH OT.n;enKM ro-
TOBblX H3.n;enIDi C .n;epeBHHHoH MO-
3aMKoH; CBH3b C 06pa3HbIM pellIe-
HMeM M Ha3Ha4eHMeM KOMn03M MM.
llpaKmU1JeCKaH pa6oma. BbI60p ClO-
meTa. Pa60Ta Ha.n; 3C1<M30M KOMn03M-
MH. IIcnonHeHMe pMcYHKa B pa3Mep
6y y ero nal{HO. TIepeBo.n; M306pa-
meHHSI Ha 06paTllyro CTOPOHY. II c-
nonHeHMe B MaTepMane.
Pa3Mep M03aHKM - He MeHee 30-
40 CM no 60nbllIoH cTopoHe.
ECJlli eCTb TaKaH B03MomHOCTb,
TeXHonorM4eClme onepa llli no <pa-
HepoBaHMlO, llIJlli<p0BaHMlO I1 OT.n;en-
Ke M03aH4HoH nOBepXHocTM mena-
TenbHO BblIIOnHHTb Ha .n;epeBo06pa-
6aTblBalO eM npe npMHTMM.
T e M a 6. 3aKIIIO'IUTeJIbHOe 3a-
HHTHe - 2 4aca.
TIo Be eHMe MTorOB 3aHHTMH. Pe-
KOMeH,D;a llli no .n;anbHeHllIeH TBOp-
4ecKoH eHTenbHOCTII KpymKoB eB.
OpniHM3a HSI BbICTaBKM Y4e6HbIx
M TBop4ecIDIX pa60T KpymKoB eB
3a Ba ro.n;a; 06cym eHI1e BbICTaBKM.
B xo e 3aHHTMH, McnonHIDI 3a.n;a-
HMH a MMHMcTpa llli no o<p0pMneHMIO
llIKonbI, Y4a MecH Y3HalOT TaKme,
KaKlIM 06pa30M M3 BeTHblX nopo.n;
epeBa Ha6MpaeTcH llIpM<pToBaH MO-
3aMKa, KaK Mcnonb30BaTb Ha60pbI B
POCT, B enKY I1 T. . B eKopaTMBHOM
3anonHeHllli MH<popMa MOHHblX CTeH-
OB, B KaKOM nnaHe cne YeT pellIaTb
nopTpeTHbIe M306pameHM.H. Bce 3TO
HBMTCH npaKTM4eCKRM. llIarOM B pa3-
BMTllli xy omecTBeHHoro BKyca, B
BOcnlITaHllli YMeHHSI M menaHHSI TPy-
.n;MTbCH.
B Te4eHMe BYX neT 3aHHTMH pe-
KOMeH.n;yeTcH npOBO MTb 3KCKypCMM
Ha epeBo06pa6aTblBalO Me npe -
npMHTMH, B xy.n;m-KeCTBeHHbIe MY3eM,
MY3eM-yca,D;b6bI, Ha BbICTaBIGI .n;e-
KopaTMBHo-npMKna Horo M M306pa-
3MTenbHOro I1C1<YCCTBa. TIocne TaKMX
3KCKYPCMH y .n;eTeH nOBbIllIaeTCH
TBop4eCKaH aKTMBHOCTb.
4')
KPY)KOK 11HKPYCT A IJ,I1 11 .I(EPEBA MET AJlflOM
I1EPBblfl rOLl: 3AH5iTII ii
Pe.n;Koe HCKYCCTBO HHKpycTa.l1;HH
.n;epeBa MeTaJIJIOM HaH60JIee HpKO pac-
.l1;BeJIO B .II:arecTaHe, r.n;e o6peJIo CBoe-
o6pa3Hbll .n;eKopaTHBHbIH CTPOH, Ha-
Cblm;eHHOCTb H HarrpHmeHHocTb op-
HaMeHTaJIbHbIX I<OMrr03H.l1;HH: (pHC. 21).
CYTb HHI<pycTa.l1;IDi 3aI<JIIO'IaeTCH
B TOM, 'ITO B .n;epeBHHHyro OCHOBY rro
3apaHee rro.n;rOTOBJIeHHOMY PHCYHI<Y
BI<OJIa'IHBaIOTCH Y3KHe MeTaJIJIH'Ie-
CKHe JIeHTbI, rrOJIOCKH, rrpOBOJIO'II<H
'H T. rr. B pe3YJIbTaTe Ha H3.n;eJIH.HX
CBepI<aKH..l1;eH rraYTHltI<OH rrpocTyrra-
eT Y30p. 3TO HCI<YCCTBO HMeeT B
CBoeH OCHOBe TaKHe TeXHOJIOrH'Ie-
CKHe rrpHeMbI, I<OTOpble MorYT 6bITb
HCnOJIb30BaHbI (He rrOBTopIDI H He
I<OrrHPYH .n;areCTaHCKHe KOMH03H.l1;llR
BO BHeKJIaCCHOH pa60re C Y'IaI..QHMlI-
CH MaCCOBbIX llIKOJI.
B BbIIIOJIHeHIDi HHKpYCTa.l1;IDi .n;e-
peBa MeTaJIJIOM eCTb CBOH Tpy.n;Hocrn,
Ha 'ITO HymHo 06paTHTb BHHMaH,qe
PYI<OBo.n;HTeJIH I<pY)l{1{a. .II:eJIO B TOM,
'ITO .n;areCTaHCKHe MaCTepa rro Tpa.n;H-
.l1;IDi BI<OJIa'IHBaIOT MeTaJIJI B CBeTJIYIO
.n;peBeCHIi)' H, I<or.n;a 3aI<OH'IeH BeCb
Y30P, .n;epeBHHH)'IO OCHOBY TOHHpYIOT
B TeMHbll .l1;BeT. ECJlli TaI<OH rropH.n;OI<
rrpHMeHHTb B KpymKe, pe6HTa 6bICTpO
YTpaTHT HHTepec 1{ 3aHHTHHM. .II:eJIo
B TOM, 'ITO MOHOTOHHoe BKOJIa'IHBa-
HHe 3JIeMeHTOB HHKpYCTa.l1;IDi pe3KO
CHHmaeT rrpHJIemaHHe rro.n;pOCTI<OB,
21. P. [.1. A6dy,weea. ;{t:KopaTllBHbIe ll3)J;eJllUI C YHI.\YKYJIbCKOH Hacet.If<OH
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TepHIOTCH Ha <pOHe CBeTJIOH me p;pe-
BeCHHbI.
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HM TBOpqeCKOH p;eHTeJIbHOCTH yqa-
I.U;HXCH, 3aHHMalOI.U;HXCH HCKYCCTBOM
HHKPYCTa:Wm, rrpep;JIO>KHJIa BbIlIYCK-
HH a OpJIOBCKOro rrep;HHCTHTYTa
H. Aparry. PYKOBO)J;H KpY>KKOM B
cpe)J;HeH llIKOJIe N!:! 29 r. OpJIa B
rrepHop; BbIlIOJIHeHHSI p;HrrJIOMHOH pa-
60TbI, H. Aparry PHCKHYJIa HapYIlIHTb
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HOCTb 3arOTOBOK, H Ha 3TOM <p oHe
KPY>KKOBQbI HaqaJlli pa3MeI.U;aTb 3JIe-
MeHTbI HHKpycTa IDi. CBepKalOI.U;He
MeTaJIJIHqeCKHe JIHHHH, op;Ha 3a P;PY-
rOH rrOHB.IDlIOI.U;HeCH Ha TeMHOM <p oHe ,
BbI3bIBaJlli rrOBbIIlIeHHyro 3MO HO-
HaJIbHyro peaKQHIO yqaI.U;HXcH. I1pH
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rr03H IDi p;o KOH a, rrOCT"erreHHO 3a-
rrOJIHHH HX MeTaJIJIHqeCKHMH Y30-
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PeKoMeHP;yeM HCrrOJIb30BaTb 3TOT
rrpHeM y>Ke Ha rrepBoM 3aHHTHH.
I1POrPAMM-\
T e Mal. BBOl];HOe 3aHHTHe-
2 qaca.
KpaTKHe c ep;eHIDI 06 HCKYCCTBe
HHKpYCTa HH. I1HKPycTa HSI B TBOp-
qeCTBe Hapop;HblX MaCTepOB. .IJ:eMoH-
CTpa HSI p;Harr03HTHBOB, rrOKa:3 HJI-
JIIOCTpa HH, H3p;emrn B MaTepHaJIe.
03HaKOMJIeHHe C HHCTpYMeHTaMH,
MaTepHaJIaMH. Tpe60BaHHSI 6e30rrac-
HOCTH. TIporpaMMa H pe>KHM pa60TbI
KpymKa. OpraHH3a HoHHbIe Borrpo-
CbI.
IIpaKmu1JeCKQJl pa6oma. TIop;roToB-
Ka p;epeBHHHOH OCHOBbI P;.IDI rrepBoro
3ap;aHHH. T OHHpOBaHHe pa60qeH rro-
BepXHOCTH.
T e M a 2. nepBbIe np06HbIe yn-
paiKHeHIUI no 3anOJIHeHHIO nJIOC-
KOCTH 3JIeMeHTaMH HHKpYCTa-
HH - 4 qaca.
I1HKPycTa B HCTOpIDI PyccKoro
p;eKopaTHBHo-rrpHKJIap;HOrO HCKYC-
CTBa.
TIpHeMbI pa60TbI HHcTpYMeHTaMH.
TIpaBHJIa BbIlIOJIHeHHH OTp;eJIbHbIX
IlITpHXOB HaCeqKH B orrpep;eJIeHHOM
pliTMe.
flpaKmU1JeCKaR. pa6oma. BbIlIOJIHe-
HHe rrJIaCTHHbI C 3JIeMeHTaMH HHKpyC-
TaQHM P;.IDI MeTOp;HqeCKOrO CTeHp;a B
rrOMeI.U;emrn KpymKa (no HHP;HBH-
P;yaJIbHoMY PHCYHKY).
Ha rrepBoM 3aHHTIDi IlIKOJIbHHKH
rrp06YIOT HCrrOJIHHTb OTp;eJIbHbIe 3JIe-
MeHTbI HHKpYCTaQHM Ha He60JIbIlIHX
p;epeBHHHblX 3aroToBKax op;HHaKO-
Boro pa3Mepa, HarrpHMep lOx 10 CM.
)KeJIaTeJIbHO, qT06bI 3TH rrp06HbIe
BCTaBKH 6bIJlli orrpep;eJIeHHbIM 06-
pa30M opraHH30BaHbI. ECJlli Ka>Kp;bIH
KpY>KKOBe BbIlIOJIHHT 0P;1lli H Te
>Ke 3JIeMeHTbI, HO B MH,D;HBMP;yaJIbHOM
COqeTaHMH, rrJIaCTHHbI, c;;o6paHHbIe Ha
OP;HOM cTeHp;e, MorYT rrOCJIymHTb xo-
pOIlIHM CrrpaBOqHbIM MaTepHaJIOM P;JIH
p;aJIbHeHIlIHX 3aHHTHH. Ha pHC. 22
p;aHO HeCKOJIbKO 06pa3 oB B03MO>K-
HblX COqeTaHHH MeTaJIJIHqeC1<HX
IlITPHXOB, HCrrOJIHeHHe KOTOpbIX p;o-
CTYIIHO p;eTHM.
OHM OCHOBaHbI Ha H3yqeHHH p;e-
Kopa PYCCIDIX rrpHHHKOB X IX BeKa.
. 47
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lIi1U1I1IIttfj H11i11111111
22. BapllaHTbI COqeTaHllH lHCTaJ1J1HQeCKllX
IIITpllXOB B HHKpycTaQllll. YQe6HOe 3aJ];a-
Hlle
T e M a 3. OpHaMeHTalIbHWI no-
lIoca C npOC'I'eHllIHMH BCTaBKaMH
KOHTYPHoro xapaKTepa - 8 IaCOB.
3HaKoMcTBO C MCKYCCTBOM MH-
KPYCTaI.1;IDI MacTepoB TIpMKapIIaTbH.
T eXHMKa BbIIIOJIHeHl.rn KOHTYPHbIX
BCTaBOK, MMeIO 11X IIpHMOJIMHeHHble
M KpMBOJIMHeHHble 04epTaHMH. Pa-
60Ta C pa3HbIMM MeTaJIJIaMM - Me,n;bIO,
JIaTYHbIO, aJIIOMMHMeM, >I<eCTbIO. OT-
,n;eJIO'IHble oIIepaU: MM .
. npaKmU"4eCKaR pa6oma. BbIIIOJIHe-
. H!Ie IIpOCTe:H:llIero opHaMeHTa,n;JIH
,n;eKopMpoBaHfiH KOHKpeTHoro M3,n;e-
JIMH. 3aKpeIIJIeHMe MeTaJIJIM4eCKMX
3JIeMeHTOB MHKpycTaU:IDI, llIJIM<p0Ba-
HMe IIoBepxHocTM, TOHMpoBaHMe, JIa-
KMpOBaHMe.
3TO 3a,n;aHMe MMeeT Y>I<e oIIpe,n;e-
JIeHHoe KOMII03MU:MOHHoe 3aBepllIe-
HMe. OpHaMeHTaJIbHaH IIOJIOCa C IIpOC-
TeHllIMMM 3JIeMeHTaMM KOHTypHoro
4H
xapaKTepa BbIIIOJIHHeTCH C IIOMOIl.Ib1C
o,n;Horo 3JIeMeHTa MHKPYCTaI.1;IDI -
IIpOBOJI04HOH ,n;opO>I<KM (pMC, 23.
TaKMM opHaMeHToM MO>I<HO YKpaClITb
PY4KY cTpOraHO:H: YKa3KM, HO>I< .a:m
pa3pe3aHfiH 6YMarM, KPbIllIKY ne-
HaJIa M T. II.
T e M a 4. OpHaMeHT C BnyTpeH-
HHM 3anOJIHeHHeM Y30POB MeTalI-
lIHQeCKHMH HHKPycTaU;HHMH (pa-
60Ta IIO 06pa3u:aM) - 10 4aCOB.
I1cKycCTBO MHKpycTaU:IDI B TBOp-
'IeCTBe ,n;arecTaHcKlix MacTepoB.
TIpMeMbI BbIIIOJIHeHfiH Hace4KM;
T04e4Hble 3JIeMeHTbI MHKPycTaU:MM.
Oc06eHHocTM ,n;eKopMpoBaHfiH IIJIOC-
KOCTH M IIoBepXHOCTe:H: Bpa eHMH.
npaKmU"4eCKaH pa6oma. BbI60p 06-
pa3u:a. BbIIIOJIHeHMe pMCYHHa Ha
OCHOBe 06pa3u:a. TIepeBO,n; ero Ha
OCHOBY. I1CIIOJIHeHMe opHaMeHTa C
MCIIOJIb30BaHMeM ,n;eKopaTMBHbIX
CBOHCTB HaCe4l<M M T04e4HbIX BCTa-
BOK. OT,D;eJIKa rOTOBoro M3,n;eJ"iliH.
3TO 3a,n;aHMe 60JIee CJIO>I<HOe, OHO
MO>I<eT BbIIIOJIHHTbCH KaK Ha 6a3e
IIpe,n;bI,n;y ero 3a,n;aHI1H, TaK M 6bITb
nOJIHOCTbIO caMOCTOmeJIbHbIM B KOM-
n03IDJ;MOHHOM OTHOllIeHMM. Oc06eH-
HOCTb pa60TbI Ha,n; HMM COCTom B TOM,
'ITO BHYTpeHHMe IIJIOCKOCTM Y30POB
3aIIOJIHHIOTCH IIO,D;p06HOCTHMM M3 Me-
TaJIJIH'IeCKI1X 3JIeMeHTOB - Hace4KM,
TO'Ie4HbIX TOpu:eBblX npOBOJI04HbIX
BCTaBOK, llITPMXOB, IIOJIOCOK
(pMC. 24, a,6). IlIKOJIbHMKM, He MMeIO-
Me ,n;OCTaT04Horo HaBbIKa B BbI-
nOJIHeHIDI MHKPYCTaU:MH, BKOJIa4MBa-
IOT MeTaJIJIH4eCKMe 3JIeMeHTbI Hace4-
KM B,n;OJIb BOJIOKOH. 3TO 3Ha4MTeJIbHO
06JIer4aeT xo,n; pa60TbI Ha,n; 3a,n;aHMeM.
TaKoH Y30P MO>I<eT 6bITb KaK Ha
nJIOCKOH llJIaCTl-IHe, HanpMMep Ha O-
e IKe JIH OTpbIBHOrO KaJIeH)];apH,
TaR M Ha TO"tleHOM M3 eJIMM.
T e M a 5. H306paIKeHHe Ha aHH-
MaJIHCTHQeCKYJO TeMY (pa6oTa no
06pa3QaM) -- 12 "tlaCOB.
03HaKOMJIeHMe C npMQMnaMM eKO-
paTMBHoH TpaKTOBKM aHMMaJIMCTM-
"tleCKHX M306pameHMH B TBOp"tleCTBe
Hapo HbIX MacTepoB. TIpOCMOTp MJI-
JIlOCTpaTMBHoro MaTepMaJIa. TIoJ];-
"tlMHeHMe M306pameHHH xapaKTepy
3JIeMeHTOB MHKpycTaQMM, TeXHMKe HX
MCnOJIHeHMH. I1cnoJIb30BaHMe BCTa-
BOK-6JIHilleK. TexHMKa MX 3aKpen-
JIeHHH Ha J];epeBHHHoH OCHOBe. BbI-
60p pMCYHKa. TIpaBMJIa YBeJIM"tleHMH
(YMeHb eHMH) M306pa»<eHIDI npM ne-
pepMcoBbIBaHIill C 06pa3Qa. TIpMH-
QHnbI KOJIJIeKTMBHoM pa60TbI Ha
3a aHMeM.
IIpaKmU"-lecKaR pa6oma. TIo.n;6op
23. OpHameHTanbHaH nonoca. Y'1e6Hoe 3a.r\aHl1e
24, a, 6. OpHameHTanbHaH nonoca, Y'1e6Hble 3a.r\aHI1H
; . , .j
. . ", ,,;;} .
..:.... -' . . ' . . ' -. . . '. ..- . ..
-=-,.. ".. - - -:.:- --=..,,-..=-
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-,j'f iT i ij/. ='Ej
1= --=- C a _ .=.. -=- .£. -.=- . = -=
- ., ..:at= . -
49
06pa3l. a .n;JIH nOBTOpeHHH. IIepepH-
COBbIBaHHe M306pIDf<eHIDI B pa3Mep
llJIaCTHHbI. OCBOeHMe npMeMOB MH-
KPYCTMpOBaHIDI .n;epeBa BCTaBKaMM-
6JIHllIKaMM. 3anOJIHeHHe llJIOCKOCTM
MeTaJIJIMqeCKMMM 3JIeMeHTaMM no Ha-
HeceHHOMY PMCYHKY. Or.n;em<a rO-
TOBoro M3.n;eJillH.
IIHKpycTaQHH .n;epeBa MeTaJIJIOM
06JIa.n;aeT BbICOKMMM .n;eKopaTMBHbIMM
CBORCTBaMM M n03BOJIHeT C03.n;aBaTb
KOMn03MQHH B caMbIX pa3JIHqHbIX
>KaHpax. QT06bI yqall{MeCH MOnIM
3TO nOHHTb, OHM .n;OJI>KHbI BbInOJIHMTb
ell{e O.n;HO ynpa>KHeHHe, nOBTopMB
ero C rOTOBoro M3.n;eJIIDI MJill C ero
qeTKOR penpo.n;YKQIlli. II306pa>Ke-
HMe MO>KeT 6bITb KID< O.n;HHOqHbIM,
TID< H COnpOBO>K.n;aTbCH .n;onOJIHMTeJIb-
HbIMM opHaMeHTaJIbHbIMM 3JIeMeHTa-
MM (QB. MJI. 8).
3TO ynpa>KHeHHe BbillOJIHHeTCH
yqall{MMMCH Ha o.n;HHaKOBbIX no QBeTY
M pa3MepaM 3arOTOBKaX, HanpHMep
10 x 10 CM. B 3TOM CJIyqae OHM Mor)'T
6bITb HCnOJIb30BaHbI B no.n;llIe<l>HOM
.n;eTCKOM ca.n;y B KaqeCTBe OTJIHqM-
TeJIbHblX 3HaKOB Ha llIKa<l>qlfiG'I .n;JIH
o.n;e>K.n;bI.
BbIllOJIHMB 3TH ynpa>KHeHIDI,
llIKOJIbHHKM rOTOBbI K pa60Te Ha.n;
caMocTOHTeJIbHbIMM 3a.n;aHMH H.
T e M a 6. KOMno3H C pacTH-
TeJlbHbIMH MOTHBaMH (TBOpqeCKOe
3a.n;aHHe) - 14 qaCOB.
3apMcoBlill Ha nJIeH3pe. IIepepM-
COBbIBaHMe Y30POB C OKOH B MOp03-
Hbm: .n;eHb, JillCTbeB .n;epeBbeB, KYC-
TapHHKoB (c 60TaHHqecKMX rep6a-
pMeB).
IIpMHQHllbI nepepa60TKM npMpo.n;-
HblX <l>OpM B .n;eKopaTMBHo TpaKTo-
50
BaHHbIe CMMBOJIbI. 03HaKOMJIeHHe C
npMHUHnoM KOHTYPHO-llITpMXOBOll
nJIOCKOCTHOll nepe.n;aqM 06pa30B B
HapO)J;HOM JIy6Ke. IIcnoJIb30BaHHe
BbIpa3HTeJIbHbIX cpe.n;cTB HHHpycTa-
QHM.
llpaKmU1.JeaWH pa6oma. C03.n;aHHe
Y30pa Ha OCHOBe 3apHCOBOK C yqeTOM
3JIeMeHTOB MHKpYCTaQIlli - KOHTyp-
HbIX .n;opO>KeK, HaCeqKH, TOqeqHbIX
BCTaBOK, 6JIHllIeK M MX COqeTaHHll.
IIcnoJIHemie B MaTepHaJIe. OT.n;eJIOq-
HbIe onepaUHH.
HaH60JIee BepHbm: nYTh B BbillOJI-
HeHIlli 3Toro 3a.n;aHHH - pMcoBaHMe
C HaTypbI M nOCJIe.n;YIOll{aH nepepa-
60TKa npMpo.n;HblX <l>OpM. IIpMBe.n;eH-
Hbm: 3.n;eCb PMCYHOK MHTepeceH He
CTOJIbKO KID< 06pa3eu .n;JIH KOlIHpO-
BaHHH, CKOJIbKO .n;JIH nOHHMaHIDI 06-
pa3Horo CTpOH MHKpYCTaQllli C pac-
TMTeJIbHbIMM MOTMBaMM (pMC. 25).
T eM a 7. TBOpqeCKaH KOMn03H-
HH Ha npOH3BOJlb TeMY
20 qacoB.
IIocell{eHHe M 06cY>K)J;eHHe xy.n;o-
>KeCTBeHHblX BbICTaBOK. II3yqeHMe
MJIJIIOCTpMpoBaHHbIx M3.n;aHMR. IIpo-
CMOTp .n;Man03MTHBOB. AHaJIH3 JIY-
60qHbIX KapTMHoK. IIpMHUMnbI no-
cTpOeHIDI .n;eKopaTMBHblX M306pa>Ke-
HHll. IIcnoJIb30BaHHe BbIpa3MTeJIb-
HblX cpe.n;cTB TeXHMKM MHKpycTaQMM
B caMOCTOHTeJIbHblX pMcYIIKax.
llpaKmU1.JeCKaH pa6oma. BbI60p
MOTMBa. IIo.n;roToBKa pMcYHKa. KOJI-
JIeKTHBHOe MJill HH.n;lfBM.n;yaJIbHOe MC-
nOJIHeHMe .n;eKopaTMBHoll nJIaCTMHbI
C MHKPycTaQHeR.
TBOpqeCKaH pa60Ta Ha,D; CIO>KeTOM
npOM3BOJIbHOrO xapaKTepa. 3TO MO-
>KeT 6bITh opHaMeHTaJIbHaH p03eTKa,
25. PliCYHOK p;nH liH- 26. C. CmenaHo6. .JJ:eKopanlBHaH KOMII03HQliH. I1HKpycTaQliH
KpycTaQHH pacTliTenb-
Horo xapaKTepa 27. A. C. X6opocmo6. naYTliHKa. I1HHpycTaQilll .n;epeBa MeTannOM
aHMMam-ICnrqeCKaH KOMrr031u. MH,
paCTMTeJIbHbrn 0pHaMeHT, MJIJIIOCTpa-
QIUI K CKa3Ke, 6bIJIMHe M T. .
Hepe KO IIIKOJIbHMKM, He BJIa eH
B OCTaTOqHOM CTeneHM M306pa3M-
TeJIbHOM rpaMOTOM, rro 6MpalOT MO-
TMBbI mI nepeBo a B MHKpycraQMIO
cpe M OTKpbITOK, MJIJIIOCTpaQIill: II3
KHMr, penpO YKQMM. TaKoM OT60p
B03MOH<eH II aH<e MOH<eT 6bITb pe-
KOMe OBaH. O HaKO BbI6paHHbIM
CIOH<eT OJIH<eH COOTBeTCTBOBaTb 06-
pa3HOMY CTpOIO M TeXHOJIOrMqeCKMM
oc06eHHOCTHM MHKpYCTaQlm.
TIpOaHaJIM3MpyeM Ba npMMepa
(PMC. 26, 27). B nepBoM CJIyqae
M306paH<eHMe nocTpoeHo Ha OCHOBe
CTapMHHbIX PYCCKMX opHaMeHTOB co
MHOH<eCTBOM 3aTeMJillBbIX nepenJIe-
TeHMM BOKpyr BYX eKopaTMBHO
TpaKTOBaHHbIX nTMQ. MHKpYCTaQMH
rrOCTpoeHa Ha qeTKOM JIMHeMHO-KOH-
TYPHOM pMTMe Bblpa3MTeJIbHbIX rrpo-
BOJIOqHbIX OpOH<eK C TOHKM1\'i BHyr-
.$
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..,.. ...
4 . ..,
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51
peHHHM 3anOJIHeHHeM naYTHHHOM Ha-
Ceql<OM H .n;P06HOM pOCCbIllbIO TOpI.{e-
BbIX TOqel<. 3Ta I<OMn03HI.{H.H HanO-
MHHae-r 6YI<BH bI, 3aCTaBI<H, KOH-
I.{OBIill M. 51. EHJIH6HHa I< PYCCKHM
HapO.n;HbIM Cl<a3l<aM.
KOHTYPHbIe JIHHHH H306pa>KeHH.H
3.n;eCb BbIllOJIHeHbI H3 aJIIOMI-IHHeBOM
nOJIOCb BHYTpeHHHe HaCeqIill -- H3
>KeCTH, TOqeHhIe BCTaBI<H -- IllJI.HnKH
JIaTYHHbIX rB03.n;HI<OB. Bce 3TO 3a-
KpenJIeHO Ha OCHHOBoM )J;OCl<e, 3a-
OBaJIeHHOll OT I.{eHTpa K I<pa.HM.
Bo BTOpOM npHMepe nJIaCTHHa C03-
.n;aHa B pe3YJIbTare .n;eI<OpaTHBHOrO
o606 eHH.H, ynpo eHH.H H nepepa-
60TKH no.n; .n;aHHyro TeXHHI<Y nOBCe-
MeCTHO BCTpeqaIOll{HXC.H paCTeHHll,
HaCeI<OMbIX, HHTeM rraYTHHKH. OC-
HOBY KOMn03HI.{HH COCTaBJUIeT MOll{-
Hbrn I<YCT paCI.{BeTIIIerO penellHHl<a.
Cpe.n;H ero I<OJIIOqHX no6eroB H ro-
JIOBI<H I.{BeTOB, H l<anpH3HbIM BbIO-
HOI<, H naYTHHl<a, B KOTopyro rrorraJI
I<OMap. Ha O)J;HOM I<YCTHl<e OT.n;bIxaeT
CTpe1<03a. .II:aHHaH pa60Ta BbIllOJIHe-
Ha Ha .n;ocl<e H3 OJIbXH, <pOH TOHHpO-
BaH qepHOM TYlllbIO, MaTepHaJI .n;JI.H
3JIeMeHTOB HHl<pYCTaI.{ill'I cpe3aH C
Me.n;H(jro H JIaTYHHoro JIHCTOB.
3TO 3a.n;aHHe MO>KeT 6bITh TOqeHbIM
HJll:I .n;OJI6JIeHbIM, Yl<pallleHHbIM HH-
KpYCTHpOBaHHbIM OpHaMeHTOM.
T e M a 8. 3aKJIIO"CIUTeJIbHOe 3a-
HHTue -- 2 qaca.
TIo.n;Be.n;eHHe HTorOB ro.n;a. Pe-
I<OMeH.n;aI.{HH no 3apHCOBI<aM B JIeT-
HHe MeC.HI.{bI. TIJIaH 3aH.HTHll I<pY>KKa
Ha CJIe.n;YIO Hll ro.n;.
TIo.n;roToBl<a H o6cY>K.n;eHHe BbI-
CTaBI<H H3.n;eJIHll .l<pY>KI<OBI.{eB. Ha-
rpa>K.n;eHHe aBTopoB JIyqlllHX pa6oT.
52
BTOPOH ro.n: 3AH5:lTHtI
IIPOrPAMM1\
T e Mal. BBo)J;Hoe 3aHJlTHe
2 qaca.
OpraHH3aI.{HOHHbIe BonpocbI. Co-
.n;ep>KaHHe H XapaKTep 3aH.HTHll B
HOBOM ro.n;y.
TIpOCMOTp PHCYHKOB H H3.n;eJIHll,
BbillOJIHeHHbIX yqall{HMI-IC.H B JIeTHHll
rrepHO.n;.
llpaKmU'LleCKa.R. pa6oma. OpraHH-
3aI.{IDI pa6oqero MeCTa. I1o.n;roToBl<a
HHCTpYMeHTOB, MaTepHaJIOB )J;JUI 6y-
.n; HX 3aH.HTHM.
T e M a 2. )];epeBHHHoe H3)J;eJIHe
Ha TOKapHoH OCHOBe C 3JIeMeHTa-
MU UHKPycTa u -- 16 qacoB.
Xapal<Tep nOBepXHoCTIi Bpa eHH.H,
no.n;rOTaBJIHBaeMOll no.n; .n;eI<OpHpO-
BaHHe 3JIeMeHTaMI-I HHl<pYCTaI.{HH. Co-
OTBeTCTBHe )J;el<opa <popMe H YTHJIH-
TapHoMY Ha3HaqeHHID H3.n;eJIH.H.
I1pHHI.{Hn pa60TbI TOl<apHOrO CTaH-
I<a. I1paBHJIa H npHeMbI HCnOJIHeHH.H
TOl<apHbIX H3.n;eJIHM H3 .n;epeBa. Tpe-
60BaHIDI TeXHHI<H 6e30naCHOCTH 1.
flpaKmU'LleCKa.R. pa6oma. MCIIOJIHe-
HHe rrpoel<Ta H3.n;eJIIDI C 3JIeMeHTaMH
.n;el<opa. BbI60p ;:J;epeBJlHHOM 3aro-
TOBKH. BbITaqHBaHHe H3.n;e.mrn Ha
CTaHl<e. HaHeceHHe pHcYHl<a. McnoJI-
HeHHe .n;eI<OpaTHBHbIX 3JIeMeHTOB.
06'beKTOM TIJy.n;a B )J;aHHOM ynpa>K-
HeHHH MorYT 6bITb CTal<aHbI no.n; I<a-
I HecMoTpH H3 TO qTO IlIKOJIbHIUGf H3
ypOK3X TPYJJ:3 yme lf3yqIIJIH 3TOT M3TeplfaJI
II nOJIYQlfJIH HeKOTopble H3BbIKlf, peKOMeH-
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TeXHOJIOrll'IeCKllM oco6eHHOCTHM Me-
TaJIJIa, TeXHMKe llCnOJIHeHID!, Ha3Ha-
'IeHIDO rOTOBorO 113.n;eJIID!. IIo::no-
MY CJIe.n;yeT y.n;eJillTb 60JIbllIOe BHll-
MaHlie llCnOJIHeHIDO Y'IauqllMMCH 'Ie-
KaHHbIX peJIbeQ:>OB Ha aHFIMaJIllCTll'Ie-
CKyro TeMY no o6pa3ll;aM M 03HaKOM-
JIeHIDO MX C npllHI.{MnaMM o606 eHllH
II .n;eKopaTllBHoM 1'paKTOBIili Q:>OPM
H<llBOTHOro MHpa.
PeJIbeQ:> npll nJIOCKOCTHOM pacxo.n;-
Ke pepe.n;aeTCH rJIaBHbIM o6pa30M 3a
C'IeT BbIp?311TemHOCTli KOHTypHbIX
O'IepTaHIlli .n;eTaJIeM KOMl103MQllll.
BH)'Tpli HllX MorYT 6bITb HaHeceHbI
(yrJIy6JIeHHbIMM llJill BbmYKJIbIMH JIll-
HFIHMll) HeKOTopbIe .n;eKopaTllBHbIe
no.n;po6HOCTli.
.II:eTM He Bcer.n;a C06JIIO)J;aIOT CTpO-
rOCTb KOHTYpHoro pellIeHMH no.n;o6-
HbIX 'IeKaHHbIX KOMn03MQllM, conpo-
BOH<.n;aH llX JIerKllM Mo.n;eJIlipOBaHlieM
Q:>OPMbI. KaKllX H<e pe3YJIbTaTOB MOH<-
lID OH<ll.n;aTb OT llIKOJIbHMKOB? 3.n;ecb
nOKa3aHO .n;Ba npMMepa - CKa30'IHOe
nO)J;Bo.n;Hoe l{apCTBO C 30JIOTbIMli
pbI6KaMM (pMC. 30) II 3aTallBllIMMcH
B JIeCHOM 'Ia e Q:>llJillH (I.{B: MJI. 12).
Ha BbmOJIHeHlle 3TllX 3a.n;aHnM
llIKOJIbHMKM 3aTpa'IliBalOT npliMep-
HO 14-16 'IaCOB.
TIpaKTllKa nOKa3bIBaeT, 'ITO B
npoQecce OCBOeHID! B03MOH<HOCTeM
'IeKaHIili Y llIKOJIbHllKOB MorYT no-
JIY'IaTbCH nOXOHilie pa60TbI, <ITO o6'b-
HCHHeTCH CKJIOHHOCTblO no.n;pocTKOB
K no.n;paH<aHlilO. IIpllo6peTH Heo6-
Xo.n;llMble HaBbIKll, pe6HTa B MH.n;ll-
BM)J;yaJIbHbIX KOMl103MQM.HX 6y.n;YT
npOHBJIHTb CBOM TBOp'IeCKMe cno-
C06HOCTM.
57
, :c
d" .
': < '
. .,.':,, '.t . < "
I- ' 'd, rt
<., ;.:'\,.
: \ " r:\' ,/.:"
fo --..."'"
"\-.-" ,
.
" ;
, .......
\,<'> '
, . ,
/., .'
.'.
. .. '"
,{ ._ . j
, . .....
, -.,I"/itJ
; {
'. r4 ...,
',I
' . ,,:.:1
"' "'z
.)". 0
' "ilM
'I
\: . -:
/1. \ rr, St,,
'i'.\ ;,,;.., f .' fiT ' .. '
< V ,:. ;oI"1 rI 11 y'l.
.'." . . ,
';' .\" " If' ' .
,.>\ :-'\ '. "",:
'f ';'" . <
! ;J / ..... \. . .
, . .
30. C. J.(yoape6. I1oABoAHoe LlapcTBo. LIe-
KaHKa no >KeCTH
31. C. Cma6l1e6. Ha 3amliTY OTe'leCTBa.
4eKaHKa no MeAH
1f .! !lt . <.. ( .'i! 'f J:I ,' . " -.", '-. : ; "'-"I'..;;,./t..... Y .. ;\ .
..", . . ;:...... ... .to,.},,,, ,I,., .:..:", j .;
, t': . -., . ,... \......'
. .f . ;! '. .. ." . ;7:-' .I -.' ... " :':';'::: "
f. A t'"' . r: ' . . >.t : :.t ",
'.;. . _:: .' } . . II
. . . (
':.; , ;'f: i/: ... ...:
! i': t) \ . .....". .
;. ;.: '.:;;.t::.;, f . " " j"
}. ..;\' f" "
. ... . .: ''! .
:-: t ......'
:; --
f"J
.}
;J" If . .\. If 4' .. "
'.
.:,If
.
,1,... " , I
.. "p'.. .,.
58
T eM a 5. TexHoJlorlUl pacxo)J;KH
C BblKOJlOTKOH peJlbecJ>a (BbIllOJI-
HeHlle 3a.n;aHFIH no o6pa3 Y)-
10 qaCOB.
HCKYCCTBO qeKaHKH MacTepoB
Cpe.n;He:H ASllll.
.II:eKopaTllBHbIe oco6eHHocrn .n;aH-
HOM TeXHOJIOrllqeCKOM pa3HoBll.n;HO-
crn ITJIOCKOpeJIbeQ:>HO:H qeKaHKH (yr-
.rry6JIeHlle KOHTypOB C JIerKO:H BbIKO-
JIOTKO:H peJIbe<pa C 060POTHO:H llJIll
Jill eBO:H CTOpOHbI). TIpllMepbI liS llC-
TOpllll .n;eKopaTllBHO-npllKJIa.n;Horo
llCKyccTBa. TIplleMbI BbIllOJIHeHllH
pa6oT, o6eCneqllBalO BbIpa3ll-
TemHOCTb yrJIy6JIeHHOM llJill BbIllYK-
JIO:H JIllHllll KOHTypOB .B COqeTaHmf C
o606 eHHbIMH: MaCCaMH: peJIbe<pa.
llpaKmU1.JeCKaH pa6oma. C03.n;aHlle
M3.n;eJIllH .n;eKopaTllBHO-npllKJIa)J;HOrO
xapaKTepa (.n;eKopaTllBHaH TapeJIKa,
no.n;HOC, KOH<peTHllQa II T. n.) no
o6pa3 Y. Pa3MeTKa MeTaJIJIa. Mo.n;e-
JIllpOBaHlle <pOpMbI npe.n;MeTa, nepe-
BO.n; .n;eKopaTllBHoro Y30pa. Pacxo.n;-
Ka no KOHTYPaM pllCYHI<a. JIerI<aH
BbIKOJIOTKa pemeQ:>a (Ha MellIKax C
neCKOM, Ha pe3llHe) C nOMO blO .n;e-
peBHHHb qeKaHoB. TIaTllHllpoBaHHe
rOTOBoro ll3.n;eJIllH.
EbIJIO 3aMeqeHO, qTO yqa eCH
MaCCOBbIX" llIKOJI, pa60TaH C JillCTO-
BbIM MeTaJIJIOM, OXOTHee BbInOJIHHIOT
TeMaTllqeCKlle naHHO-nJIaCTllHbI, He-
H<eJill YTllJIllTapHbIe lls.n;eJIllH .n;eKO-
paTllBHo- npllKJIa.n;Horo xapaKTepa.
06'bHCHllTh 3TO MOH<HO TeM, qTO Y
llIKOJIbHllKOB HeT .n;OCTaTOqHbIX Ha-
BbIKOB, qTo6bI KaqeCTBeHHO BbInOJI-
HFITb caM rrpe.n;MeT (KYBllIllH, qallIY,
KOBllI II T. n.). HenpocTO II .n;eKopll-
pOBaTb 06'beMH)'IO <POPMY. TeXHOJIO-
rllH pacxo.n;KH C BbIKonoTKoM peJIb-
'Y>:'..
:(
.,
e<pa no JUICTOBOMY MeTaJI.rry BOCnOJI-
H5IeT 3TOT np06eJI, n03BOJIIDI IIII<OJIb-
HMI<aM 6e3 cneI.J;MaJIbHOR nOArOTOBI<M
nOI<pbITb YTMJIMTapHoe M3AeJIMe C He-
rJIy60I<MM peJlbe<poM (AeI<OpaTMBHYIO
TapeJIl{Y, nOAHOC, I<OH<peTHMI.J;y M T. A.)
JIerI<MM qeI<aHHbIM Y30pOM.
T e M a 6. TBOp"CIeCKOe 3a.l];aHHe
Ha npOH3BOJIbuyIO TeMY - 20 '.Ja-
COB.
BbI60p TeMaTMI<M 6YAyru:eR I<OMnO-
3MI.J;1ill (npMMepHbIe TeMbI: M3 MCTO-
plill HaIIIei1: POAMHbI; repOln<a rpaH<-
AaHCI<OH M Be.TIHI<OH OTeqeCTBeHHOR
BOHH; nOI<OpeHMe I<OCMOCa; 6YAHM
BeJIMI<MX CTpOe1<; I<OMn03M:QMM no
nOBOA}' 3CTeTMqecI<M BOCnpMH5ITbIX
AeTbMM npeAMeTOB M 51BJIemrn npM-
pOAbI 01<pYH<alOII.J;eH H<M3HM; KOMno-
3MU;1ill no MOTMBaM CKa30K, 6bIJIMH).
AHaJIM3 06pa3I.J;OB HapOAHoro MC-
KYCCTBa M npOM3BeAeHMR npO<peCCMO-
HaJIbHbIX XYAOH<HMI<OB. IlpMHU;MllbI
KOJIJIeKTMBHOR pa60TbI HaA 3aAa-
HMeM.
llpaKmU1.JeCl<aH pa6oma. Co3AaHMe
TeMaTMqeCKMX peJIbe<poB. 11 CpOJIHe-
lIMe 3CKM30B C yqeTOM BbI6pamIOR
TeMaTMI<M M TeXHOJIOrMqeCKOH pa3-
HOBMAHocrn qeKaIII<M. KOJIJIeKTMB-
Hoe 06CYH<AelIMe. C60p AOnOJIHM-
TeJlbHOrO M306pa3MTeJIbHOrO MaTe-
pMaJIa (Ha6pocI<M, 3apMCOBKM).
.II:eKopaTMBHaH TpaKTOBI<a 06pa3-
I.J;OB M KOMn03MI.J;1ill B I.J;eJIOM. BonJIo-
II.J;eHMe B MaTepMaJIe.
3AeCb npMBeAeH npMMep B03MOH<-
HOR KOMn03MI.J;MM Ha npOM3BOJlbHYIO
TeMY AJVI o<popMJIeHIDI KOMRaTbI 60e-
BOR M TPYAOBOH CJlaBbI (pMC. 31).
,
1
e'-
u
, ',\X'
V.'
..
.
,
t
,
.
.' '- ,, 4 :
c: .............:----- - , --
'" '. .u"': --r- r..... ':
--,.' '!>,. - -
.... 'J ,...
32. 06e3hHHa. Ilpope3HaH qeHaHHa. Yqe6-
HaH pa60Ta
T e M a 7. npHeMbI HCnOJIHeHHJ:I
npOCe"CIHOH "CIeKaHKH - 6 qaCOB.
.II:eKopaTMBHbIe oc06eHHocTM aH<YP-
HOR qeKaHIili. IlpMMepbI M3 MCTOpMM
HapoAHoro MCKyccTBa (AbIMHM1<M,
nOA30pbI KpOB.TIH, .3aBepIIIeHIDi BO-
AOCTOqHbIX TPy6, npoceqHa51 'leKaH-
I<a Ra npeAMeTax KpeCTb5lHCKOrO
6bITa).
Xapa1<Tep nOArOTOBMTeJIbHOrO pM-
CYHKa. IlpMeMbI BOnJIOII.J;eHIDI B Ma-
TepMaJIe (cnoc06oM npoce'lKH. MJIM
BbillMJIOBI<M <poHa). I1cnoJIb30BalIMe
AeKopaTMBHbIX M TeXHOJIOrMqeCKMX
CBORCTB KpOBeJIbHOR CTa.TIH, I.J;MH1<a.
llpaKmU1.JeCKaH pa6oma. 113roToB-
JIeHMe 'OTJIM,'lMTeJIbHbIX 3Ha1<OB AJI5I
MHAMBMAyaJIbHbIX III1<a<pqMKOB AeT-
CKoro caAa. C03AaHlie 3C1<M30B. I1c-
nOJIHeHMe B MaTepMaJIe (npoce'IKoR
RJlli BbillMJIOBKOR <poHa). 06pa60TKa
KOHTypOB RaA<pMJI5IMM. IlaTMHMpo-
BaHMe M 3a1<penJIeHMe aH<ypHoro M30-
6paH<eHIDI Ha TOHMpoBaHHoH Aepe-
B5IHHOH OCHOBe.
59
OTJUftUiTeJIbHbIe 3Hallli gIDI geT-
CKOrO caga, BbIllOJIHeHHbIe B TeXHH-
Ke qeKaHKH, - XapaHTepHOe 3a):(a-
HHe gJIH KpYlliKOBn;eB. KOMn03Hn;MH
«06e3bHHa» gJIH geTcKorO IIIHacpqH-
Ka cge.ruma H3 JIaTYHM. 11306pallie-
HMe npOqeKaHeHO, BbIpe3aHO no KOH-
TYPY H 3aHpenJIeHO Ha KBagpaTMHe
H3 MHOrOCJIOHHOH cpaHepbI. <1>aHe-
pa nOKpbITa qepHOH TYIIIblO, Ha KO-
TOpOH 30JIOTHCTaH qeKaHKa CMOT-
pHTCH BbIpaSHTeJlbHO H ):(eKopaTHB-
HO. PaSMepbi TaKoro 3HaHa BMeCTe
C TeMHbIM cpOHOM - 10 x 10 CM
(pHC. 32).
T e M a 8. 3aKJIIO'IHTeJIbHoe 3aHJI-
THe - 2 qaca.
IIo):(Be):(eHMe MTorOB geHTeJIbHO-
CTM KpYlliKa sa rog. PeKOMeHJJ:an;MM
yqaIIUIMCH Ha JIeTHMe KaHHKYJIbI.
IIepcneKTMBbI 3aHHTmr KpYlliKa B
6ygYI.L(eM rogy.
IIogroToBKa H ocpopMJIeHMe OT-
qeTHOH BbICTaBKM HsgeJImr KpYlli-
KOBn;eB.
BTOPOH ro)]; 3AH5ITI1M
ITPOrPAMMA
T e Mal. BBOJ];Hoe 3aHJlTHe
2 qaca.
11 TorH geHTeJIbHOCTM yqaI.L(HXCR Ha
nepBOM rogy o6yqeHHH. IIporpaMMa
H pelliIIM pa60TbI KpYlliKa Ha HOBbIH
rog. 06I.L(ee 03HaKOMJIeHMe C o6opy-
gOBaHHeM, npHcnoco6JIeHIDIMM, HH-
cTpYMeHTaMM, OCHOBHbIMM H Bcno-
MOraTeJlbHbIMM MaTepHaJIaMM, TeXHO-
JIOrMqeCKOH nOCJIegoBaTeJIbHOCTblO
npon;ecca qeKaHKM Ha CMOJIe. Tpe6o-
BaHIDI TeXHMKH 6esonaCHOCTM. IIoKas
CJIaHgOB, gMacpMJIbMOB, KHHOcpHJIb-
MOB, penpogYKn;HH. eMOHCTpaUHH
JIyqIIIHX pa60T KpYlliKOBn;eB, BbI-
nOJIHeHHblX B npegbIgYI.L(Me rogbI,
60
HJlli H3gemill: PYKoBogHTeJIH KpYlliKa.
OpraHH3an;MOHHbIe BonpocbI.
IIpaKmu1JeCKaH pa6oma. I1sroToB-
JIeHMe gepeBHHHbIX HI.L(MKOB ):(JIH, Ha-
CMOJIllli MeTaJIJIMqeCKMX sarOTOBOK
(6JIHIIIeK, nJIaCTMH).
T e M a 2. nepBOHa'laJIbHbIe npH-
eMbI HCnOJIHeHHJI tIeKaHHOro
peJIbe a Ha CMOJIe. qeKaHKa Y30-
pa paCTHTeJIbHOrO xapaKTepa
(pa6oTa no o6paSn;aM) - 12 qaCOB.
4eKaHbI gJIH pa60TbI Ha CMOJIe.
I1x pa3HOBM)J;HOCTM H HaSHaqeHHe,
Oco6eHHoCTM pHcYHKa gJIH HCnOJIHe-
HID! B gaHHoH TeXHMKe. IIogroToBKa
6JIHIIIKM (nJIaCTHHbI) nog qeKaHKY.
IIpon;ecc M npHeMbI qeKaHKM.
IIpaKmu1JecKaH pa6oma. I1sroToB-
JIeHMe qeKaHOB JIOI.L(aTHMKOB, 606oIII-
HHKOB, nypoIIIHHKOB Ha TOKapHbIX
CTaHKax H B THCKax. Pa60Ta Hag nog-
rOTOBHTeJIbHbIM PHCYHKOM. IIpo-
n;ecc HaCMOJIllli nJIaCTHHbI. IIepeBog
pHcYHKa Ha MeTaJIJI. PacxogKa KOH-
TypOB, onycKaHMe cpOHa, CHHTMe
6ID1IIIKM CO CMOJIbI. OTlliHr, oT6eJIM-
BaHHe. IIpHo6peTeHHe HaBbIKa BbI-
qeKaHHBaHIDI HeBbICOKoro peJIbecpa
C JIerKOH MogeJIHpOBKOH no nJIaHaM
(gy6oBbIe, KJIeHOBbIe JIHCTbH;
pMC. 33).
T e M a 3. KOMl103Hn;1UI aHHMaJIH-
CTH'IeCKorO XapaKTepa (MaCllli lliM-
BOTHblX no o6pa3n;aM) - 16 qaCOB.
IIpHMepbI npoH3Be):(emm Ha aHM-
MaJIHCTMqeCKyro TeMY M3 HCTOpHlf ge-
KopaTHBHO-rrpHKJIagHoro HCKYCCTBa.
Pa3pa6oTKa pMCyJiKa no o6pa n;aM,
PaSJIHqHbIe cnoco6bI nepeBoga PH-
CYHKa Ha MeTaJIJI. PacxogKa KOHTypOB,
ee 3aBHCHMOCTb OT BbICOTbI peJlbecpa.
BblKOJIOTKa peJIbecpa pa3JIMqHbIMH
cnoc06aMH. .II:epemIHHble qeKaHbI,
OC06eHHOCTH pa60TbI HMll.
llpaKmU1JeCKaH pa6oma. BbIllOJllie-
HHe qeKaHHOrO peJIbe<pa aHHMaJIHCTI1-
qeCKOrO XapaKTepa (MaCKH mHBOT-
HbIX). Pa60Ta Ha,rJ; peJIbe<pOM no mu e-
BOM H 060pOTHOM CTopOHe. nOBTOp-
HaH HaCMOJIKa peJIbe<pa (BHH3 mu e-
BOM CTOpOHOM). YTOqHeHHe peJIbe<pa.
CHHTHe co CMOJIbI. OTmHr. OT6eJIH-
"
BaHHe. naTHHHpOBaHHe rOTOBorO-
peJIbe<pa.
T e M a 4. PeJIbe4>HaH qeKaHHaH '
KOMn03Hn;1UI Ha npOH3BOJIbHYlO
TeMY (TBOpqeCKaH pa60Ta) - 22 qaca.
CMOJIa. Ee cOCTaBbI B 3aBHCHMO- '
CTH OT BbICOTbI peJIbe<pa. COe,D;HHeHHe
npHeMoB BbITHmKH peJIbe<pa Ha CMO-
JIe H 6e3 Hee (Ha MellIKax C necKoM).
npHqHHbI pa3pbIBa MeTaJIJIa, 'cnoco-
6bI HX npep;yrrpemp;eHHH H YCTpaHe-
HIDI.
llpaKmU1JeCKaH pa6oma. BbI60p CIO-
meTa P;JIH qeKaHKH. Pa60Ta Ha,rJ; nop;-
rOTOBHTeJIbHbIM PHCYHKOM. nepep;a-
qa B pHCYHKe COOTHOllieHIDI BbICOT,
onpep;eJIeHHe nJIaHOB peJIbe<pa (peKO-
MeHP;yeTcH JIenKa peJIbe<pa H3 nJIac-
THmma). 4eKaHKa peJIbe<pa no nepe-
Be)1eHHOMY PHCYHKY. nOCTaHOBKa
(BblpaBHHBaHHe) <pOHa. nepeCMOJIKa.
YTOqHeHHe peJIbe<pa rrpH nOBTOp-
HOM HaCMOJIKe. OT6eJIHBaHHe. naTH-
HHpOBaHHe rOTOBoro qeKaHHOrO
peJIbe<pa (pHC. 34).
T e M a 5. H3rOTOBJIeHHe :JJIeMeH-
TOO o4>opMJIeHIUI KOHKpeTHbIX
HHTepbepOB (KOJIJIeKTHBHaH TBOp-
qeCKaH pa60Ta) -18 qaCOB.
Oc06eHHOCTII pa60TbI Ha,rJ; npoeK-
TOM o<popMJIeHHH HHTepbepa. 3aBHCH-
MOCTb TeMaTHKH qeKaHHblX peJIbe<pOB
1\"
.,' .,...J, . ' t...
; x""- . '.',
/, "',. ;" - ,
"
". .f-:_
.
':. ) .......
',,' .
,." ,'I,
o i,' "., .
". . .,.. '.' . "
". .. . I;' . "! \, ,
, ; . .' _ . ; t. :;:
'\. ! ;; ...< ,.... ..J
t i - f
'
\ :
...
'. . .
,
.
.
1-....
;. ..
_ '0:
. .
.;
; i
I
'. /
.,.
33. OCeHHI:Ie JII:ICTbH.
Y'1e6mm pa60Ta
Y.eKaHKa Ha CMOJIe..
OT <PYHKQHOHaJIbHOrO Ha3HaqeHIDI no-
MeI.1'(eHHH. Oc06eHHOCTH qeKaHKH no
aJIIOMllHHIO (TeMnepaTypa OTmHra,
XHMHKaTbI P;JUI oT6emmaHHH H na-
THHHpOBaHHH). OpraHH3aQIDI KOJI-
JIeKTHBHOrO HcnOJIHeHHH pa60T.
llpaKmU1JeCKaH pa6oma. 113roTOB-
JIeHHe qeKaHHOM nJIaCTHHbI (HarrpH-
Mep, P;JIH o<popMJIeHHH nHOHepCKOM
KOMHaTbI). C03JJ;aHHe rrpoeKTa 0<P0PM-
JIeHHH. Pacqe-r pa3MepOB qeKaHHOrO
peJIbe<pa. BblKOJIOTKa peJIbe<pa )10-
CTynHbIM cnoc060M. (B 3aBHCHMO-
CTH OT BeJIHqHHbI H XapaKTepa C03-
p;aBaeMbIX peJIbe<poB pa60Ta Hp;eT
61
. i:k,f: _ .;," l:; ' ,, :,__,-",
:,flll¥: ..' ." '! "': ! t
.. , } /. ' r )\.1 ...I:.: r r J',::"
. t . 1' \"\ ; ,ffi., , . , ' . ,( 't.i .': .,c": ":' .
.... L . ... . " I' . . ",,"' " . "
. '1 f t' I . . , f, : . ;,
. " . 1 .;.., . ,. .', ., . ' ' .
. . A' : w" ; . ; , :' :i .J
L .... ...... 'l,.; i .' . ,. "
- . . " .r .,:;.J . '\ . :.' .:.. 4c' , : . .
. .. .;' "'1;:. ::", .;, ./,..' j';"
t r . tc . :' f i t :1 ".; :: . :
j . 't' \ {: \.....;> ; . ,'" \\t. . :..1:
. "." . < iiIIP.",. ". '\i\.) J Io"''f '.. J:, -: v t!
... . toO.......> ..-' '--' t..,... \11. .... " 1
..f v ,.#. ,",....",....\:..., "_ 3_ . ' ""
. .' '.,«!,.:". t'...., , ..-' ..;.' "\ ').... .,. . .
t .:';':' ,_! 14,l ; ; 1
".' .,4'H " '." ,
34. H. Ma 1allleHKo. EAM. I1J10CHOpeJIhetP-
HaH qeHaHHa
35. C. Cmaeljee. I1aHHo ,[IJIH OtP0pMJleHI1H
nl10HepCHoH HOMHaTbI. I1pope3HaH qeHaHHa
no aJIIOMI1Hl11O
...' ....------
'J. ' ;;I; h :: -. ire'
['/ . . -, ,. ., ,!
r( 1 ' . ! / t ' -:; It ft ?!
','.' , . . 1 1-::,\ :J \ !
\ , ( : ,;;;! I ! ' \ J j
:!,,,\J . !!'& ' 9, I
. . ':-",,' " - 7 t ;r! - n ' '.. M', j. t 1
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..- .1' ..., .# . :1
l
62
Ha CMOJIe H.rrn: 6e3 Hee). O<l>opMJIe-
mre qeKaHKM (Ha p;epeBHHHOM I..QH-
Te, HCnOJIb30BaH1-Ie QBeTHOrO TKa-
HeBoro cpOHa H P;p.). 3a1<penJIeHHe
peJIbecpa B HHTepbepe.
B KaqeCTBe npHMepa npHBOp;HTCH
qeKaHHaH KOMn03HQHR nJIH O<l>OPM-
JIeHIDI nHOHepCKOM KOMHaTbI
(pHC. 35).
T e M a 6. 3aKHIOQHTeHbHoe 3a-
HHTHe - 2 qaca.
nOp;Bep;eHHe HTorOB pa60TbI Kpym-
Ka 3a p;Ba rop;a. PeKoMeHp;aQIrn no
TBOpqeCKOM pa60Te B JIeTHHM nepH-
on H B nocJIeP;YIOI..QHe rop;bI.
nOp;roToBKa H ocpopMJIeHHe OTqeT-
HOM BbICTaBKH. OpraHH3aQIDI 06-
cymp;eH1-IH BbICTaBKH.
MbI pacCMOTpeJill npHMepHbIe npo-
rpaMMbJ nIDI OTp;eJIbHbIX cneQHaJIH-
3HpoBaHHbIX KpymKOB. Op;HaKo B
llIKOJIbHOH npaKTHKe Hepep;KH CJIY-
qaH, Korp;a B OP;HOM KpymKe pe6HTa
3aHHMalOTCH cpa3Y HeCKOJIbKHMll BH-
p;aMll xyp;omecTBeHHoM 06pa60TKH
MaTepHaJIOB. 3TO BnOJIHe onpaBp;aH-
HO. .II:eJIo B TOM, qTO yqam;MeCH, me-
JIalOm;Me 3aHMMaTbCH p;eKopaTHBHO-
npMKJIap;HbIM HCKYCCTBOM, Ha nep-
BbIX nopax p;OJImHbI HMeTb BbI60p -
KaKOMY BM)J;y 3aHHTHM OTp;aTh npen-
nOqTeHMe. Y OP;HHX He M)J;eT qeKaHKa,
HO yp;a TcH MHKpYCTaQHH; P;PyrMe,
Ha060pOT, He MorYT P;061-1TbCH qeTKO-
CTH 1-1 TOHKOCTH HHKpYCTaQHH, HO XO-
pOlliO OC03Ha.rrn: nJIaCTHKY MeTaJIJIa,
1-1 T. p;. EbIBaeT, llIKOJIbHMKH OCBaMBa-
lOT nOCTeneHHO Bce BHP;bI pa60T.
Y OP;HHX yqeHHKoB 3TOT npoQecc
rrpOXOp;1-IT ycnellIHo, P;PyrHe nepexo-
P;.fIT K HOBOMY BHP;y, JillllIb OCHOBa-
TeJIbHO H3yqHB nepBOHaqaJIbHbIM, Y
TpeTbHX TaK H He B03HHKaeT meJIaHH.R
3aH.RTbC.R HHhIM BH)J;OM pa60ThI. no-
3TOMY PYKOBOAHTeJIb KpymKa AOJI-
meH C03AaTb Bce YCJIOBIDI AJUI npo-
.RBJIeHIDI H HBHAyaJIbHOCTH CBOHX
BocnHTaHHHKOB.
3aH.RTIDI pa3JIHtIHbIMH BH)J;aMH Ae-
KopaTHBHO-npHKJIa):(Horo HCKYCCTBa
HCKmo aIOT o;:ui060KOCTb B TBop e-
CKOM pa3BHTHH yqa XC.R, nOMOra.R
HM npH06pecTlI nrnpOKHH Kpyr pa3-
Ho06pa3HhlX 3HaHHH H HaBhIKOB.
Ec.Jlli KpymKOB:QhI OCBO.RT HeCKOJIbKO
BHAOB pa60T, OHH cMoryr c03AaBaTb
TaKHe TBop ecKHe KOMII03H1.\HH, rAe
6YAyr cHHTe3HpOBaHhJ AeKopaTHB-
HhIe oc06eHHoCTH eKaHKH H pe3b6hI,
M03aHKH H HHKpycTa H.
CocpeAOTo eHHe B OAHOM KpymKe
HeCKOJIbKHX BHAOB xy):(omecTBeHHOM
06pa60TKH AepeBa H.Jlli MeTaJIJIa y):(06-
HO H C TO KH 3peHH.R 06ecne eHH.R
3aH.RTHH MaTepHaJIOM. I1HKpycTa H.R
BhIllOJIH.ReTC.R H3 06pe3KOB MeTaJIJIa
OT eKaHHhIX pa60T, Ha OCHOBY nOA
HHKpycTa HIO HAyr Te 3arOToBKH,
KOTophIe 3a6paKOBaHhI pe3 HKaMH,
a 3acpaHepOBaHHhIe OAHOpO):(HhIM
KpaCHhIM AepeBoM H.Jlli opexoM AO-
U{e KH Moryr CJIymHTb OTJIH HhIM
cpOHOM AJUI HaKJIaAHOM cpHJIHrpaHH.
Co eTaHHe B OAHOM KpymKe He-
CKOJIbKHX BH):(OB AeKopaTHBHhlX pa-
60T . H.Jlli c03AaHHe napaJIJIeJIbHhlX
KpymKoB, rAe pa HOHaJIbHO HCnOJIb-
3YIOTC.R OCTaTKH MaTepHaJIOB, cno-
C06CTBYeT BOCIIHTaHHIO y llIKOJIbHH-
KOB 6epemJIHBOrO, 3KOHOMHOrO OT-
HOllIeHH.R K pacxoAoBaHHIO ChIpb.R.
KOHe HO, Aame Ha BTOpOM rOAY
3aH.RTHij llIKOJIbHHKH AaJIeKO He Bce-
rAa 6YAyr C03):(aBaTb 6e3ynpe HhIe
AeKopaTHBHhIe KOMn03H H. OAHaKO
npo ecc n03HaHIDI AeMCTBHTeJIbHO-
CTH H ee OTpameHHe B 06pa3ax HC-
KYCCTBa 3Ha HTeJIbHO Ba>KHee AJI.R
HX 3cTeTH eCKoro H TpYAoBoro BOC-
nHTaHH.R, HemeJIH xy):(omeCTBeHHhIM
pe3YJIbTaT HX npOH3BeAeHHM. 3TOT
aKTHBHhrii: npo ecc 3CTeTH eCKoro
BOcnHTaHIDI B TpYAe BeAeT K npH06-
peTeHHIO y aU{HMHC.R pa3Ho06pa3HhIX
,npocpeCCHOHaJIbHhlX HaBhIKOB, <pop-
MHpOBaHHIO H pa3BHTHIO HX XYAO-
meCTBeHHoro BKyca, BOCrrpH.RTHH 3C-
TeTH eCKHX .RBJIeHHH B mH3HH.
nIABA II
MATEPVlAllbl VI VlHCTPYMEHTbl ,QllJ1 KPY>KKA
,QEKOPATVlBHO-npVlKl1A,QHOrO VlCKYCCTBA
T pa)J;HU;HOHHbIM MaTepHaJIOM )J;JIH
3aHHTHH pe3b60M rro )J;epeBY HBJIHeT-
CH mma. .II:epeBHHHIDI M03aHKa HeB03-
MO»<Ha 6e3 U;BeTHblX rropo)J;. B HH-
KpYCTaU;1lli )J;epeBa MeTaJIJIOM HCrrOJIb-
3yeTcH )J;peBeCHHa KH3HJIa, a6pHKoca,
60HpbIIIIHHKa, a Ha 3JIeMeHTbI HH-
KpYCTaU;1lli rro Tpa)J;HU;1lli HCrrOJIb3Y-
eTCH cepe6po HJill MeJIbXHop. .II:JIH
qeKaHI-<M Tpe6yeTcH Me)J;b, JIaTYHb,
amoMHHHM,
Bce rrepeqHCJIeHHbIe MaTepHaJIbJ
oCTpo)J;ecpHUHTHbJ, H )J;aJIeKO He Kam-
)J;aH IllKOJIa HJill .II:OM rrHOHepOB HMeeT
B03MomHOCTb HX rrpH06peCTH. Ho
MaTepHaJI - 3TO TOJIbKO rrOJI)J;eJIa.
BCTb B pa60Te KpymKoB )J;eKopaTHB-
HO-rrpHKJIa)J;Horo HCKYCCTBa H OCJIom-
HeHHH CO CrreU;HaJIbHbIMIl HHCTpYMeH-
TaMIl.
B )J;aHHOM rJIaBe rro Kam)J;OMY BI1)J;Y
)J;eKOpaTHBHO-npHKJIa)J;HOrO HCKYCCT-
Ba paCCMaTpHBaeTCH MIlHHMaJIbHOe
KOJIHqeCTBO HHCTpYMeHTOB, He06xo-
)J;HMblX )J;JIH HOpMaJIbHOM pa60TbI, )J;a-
IOTCH qepTe>KH H cxeMbI, 06"bHCHHeT-
CH TeXHOJIOrHH HX H3rOTOBJIeHHH B
IllKOJIbHbIX MaCTepCKl1x.
HapH)J;Y C BbIIlleHa3BaHHbIMIl Tpa-
)J;HU;HOHHbIMIl MaTepHaJIaMIl )J;JIH 3a-
HHTHH npe)J;JIaraIOTCH nOBceMeCTHO
BCTpeqaIOW;HeCH, IIIHpOKO pacnpo-
cTpaHeHHble MaTepHaJIbI. Ha nepBbIM
B3rJIH.D: OHI1 MorYT rrOKa3aTbCH Heno)1-
XO)J;HW;I1MH, 6pOCOBbIMIl, HO npaKTH-
Ka nOKa3bIBaeT, qTO MHOrHe 113 HHX
B PYKax MaCTepOB npeBpaw;aIOTCH
B npOH3Bep;eHHH I1CKYCCTBa. I1x HC-
nOJIb30BaHI1e npl1yqaeT p;eTeH K 6e-
pemJillBOMY OTHOIlleHHIO K MaTepHa-
JIaM.
MA TEPHAJIbI
PE3bEA no .II:EPEBY
.II:JIH pa3JIHqHbIX BI1)J;OB pe3b6bI
no p;epeBY MorYT I1pHMeHHTbCH pa3-
Ho06pa3Hble p;peBeCHble rropO)J;bI: JIH-
rra, OCI1Ha, OJIbXa, 6epe3a, COCHa, eJIb,
JII1CTBeHHI1u;a, HceHb, p;y6 H PH.D: P;PY-
rHX 60JIee pep;KO BCTpCqaIOW;I1XCH
rropop;. .II:ap;I1M 11M KpaTKYIO xapaK-
TepHCTHKY.
64
JIuna. .II:pcBeCHHa JillrrbI MHrKaH,
O)J;HOpOp;HOro CTpOCHI1H, p;OCTaTOqHO
BH3KaH. OHa op;HHaKOBO JIerKO pe-
meTCH Bp;OJIb H rrorrepeK BOJIOKOH,
6JIarOp;apH qeMY H3)J;aBHa CqHTaeTCH
OP;HOM 113 JIyqIIIHX pe3HbIX rropop;.
113 3TOro MaTepHaJIa MomHO C03p;a-
BaTb TOKapHble, CTporaHble, )J;oJI6JIe-
Hble1I3p;e.1IIUI, a TalOKe BbInOJ1HHTb
Y30PbI 6YKBaJIbHO IOBeJillpHOM TOH-
Kocm (pHC. 36).
J1Hna XOpOlliO TOHHpyeTcfI B JIIO-
60M QBeT BOP;HbIMH COCTaBaj\lli, OT-
JIlI"'IHO nOJIHpyeTcfI. BecbMa abIpa3H-
TeJIbHbrii: p;eKopaTHBHbrii: 3cpcpeKT ):(a-
eT CO"'IeTaHHe nOJIHpOBaHHblX H Ma-
TOBblX Y"'IaCTKOB JIHnbI, HanpHMep,
B KYP;PHHCKOM pe3b6e.
.II:peBecHHa JIHnbI npHrop;Ha P;JIfi
TpexrpaHHo-BbIeM"'IaTOiI KYP;PHH-
CKOM, flBOpOBCKOM, KOHTYPHOM, peJIb-
ecpHoM pe3b6bI.
B llIKOJIaX, pacnOJIOmeHHbIx B paiI-
OHax Hapop;HblX xy):(omecTBeHHbIx
npOMbICJIOB, JIHna XOpOlliO 3HaKOMa
Y"'Iam;HMCfI.
B CBfl3H C TeM "'ITO p;peBecHHa JIHnbI
HMeeT 60JIbllIOe npOMbIllIJIeHHOe 3Ha-
"'IeHHe, OHa pep;KO nona,rJ;aeT B Mac-
TepCKHe MaCCOBbIX llIKOJI, n03TOMY
PYKOBop;HTeJill KpymKoB Moryr HC- ,
%;
nOJIb30BaTb OCU1iY.
.II:peBecHHa OCHHbI 6eJIafl, CBeTfI- 36. A.
m;aflCfI, paBHOMepHoro cTpOeHHfI. JIJ,ma
OCHHa JIerKO pemeTCfI H 06JIa,rJ;aeT
BCeMH Ka"'IeCTBaMH, Heo6xop;HMbIMH
):(IDI BbIIIOJIHeHHfI pa3JIH"'IHblX pa60T.
113.n;aBHa OCHHY HCnOJIb30BaJill B
CTpOHTeJIbCTBe H B KYCTapHOM npo-
H3Bop;CTBe. HanpHMep, MaCTepa HH-
meropop;CKOM ry6epHHH B KOHQe
XVIII - nepBoM nOJIOBHHe XIX Be-
Ka npHMeHHJill OCHHY P;JIfi H3rOTOB-
JIeHHH rrpflJIOK, CTaBllIHX BnOCJIe):(-
CTBHH H3BeCTHbIMH nop; Ha3BaHHeM
ropop;eQKHx. OCHOBa npmnrn: (p;oHQe,
rOJIOBKa, rpe6eHb) BbIIIOJIHflJIaCb H3
OCHHbI, KOTopafl p;eKopHpOBaJIaCb
Bpe3KaMH H3 -reMHoro MopeHoro P;y6a <,_
H ynPyrHMH, HanpflmeHHbIMH rrope3- .
v 1- .
KaMH HorTeBHp;HO-BbIeM"'IaTOH H reo-
MeTpH"'IeCKOiI pe3b6bI (pHC. 37).
.
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KOBeUIHUlWB. .D:eKopaTI1BHaH Ba3a.
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37. Kyp01:lKa-pH6a. YKparneHl1e rOJIOBIm. rO-
pOAeI KoH rrpHJIKll. OCI1Ha, 1\\OpeHblll Ay6
3-748
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OCMHa HaM60JIee qaCTO BCTpeqa-
eTCR Cpero-I IlliJIOMaTepMaJIOB, noJIY-
qaeMblX IllKOJIaMM no <pOH,D;aM. OCM-
HOBaH TapHaH p;OlIJ;eqKa HP;eT Ha yna-
KOBKY pa3JIWIHOrO 060pYP;OBaHHH,
npHo6peTaeMoro 'IIIKOJIOH. 3TO OT-
JIlNHbm MaTepHaJI P;JUI 3aHHTmr C
I<PY>KKOB:QaMM, CTOHT ero JIHllTh He-
MHoro nO)J;CYIIlliTb. TaK, nOp;CBeqffiU{
38. A. KoeeutliUKoB. )].eHopaTHBHbIe cHYJIbnTY-
pbI 1'13 n;y60BbIX CTBOJIOB
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C reOMeTpMqeCKOH pe3b6oH BbIllOJI-
HeH M3 ynaKoBKH TOKapHoro CTaHKa
(CM. pMC. 16).
TaK >Ke KaI{ M JIHna, OCMHa XOpOIIIO
TOHMpyeTcH B JIl06bIe eTa M OTJIHq-
HO BbIrJIHP;1iT nop; np03paqHOH OT-
p;eJIKoH. KpoMe Toro, CJIep;yeT yqHTbI-
BaTh H C06CTBeHHbm cepe6pMCTO-CBe-
THI.IJ;mkH I.1;BeT )J;peBeCMHbI, KOTOpbIH
B pe3HbIX M3p;eJIHHX He Tpe6yeT HHKa-
KOH p;OnOJIHHTeJIbHOH OTp;eJIHH, KpO-
Me JIerKOrO 3aKpenJIeHHH OT llbIJIH.
11 HTepeCHbIM MaTepMaJIOM p;JUI pe3-
J;IblX pa60T cqHTaeTCH p;peBeCHHa ce-
poU H ttepuou O/lbXU, OTJIHqalOI.IJ;aHCH
OP;HOpO)J;HOCTblO H BH3KOCTblO.
JJ:peBeCHHa qepHOH OJIbXII 6ypOBa-
TO-KpaCHoro I.1;BeTa. OHa IIllipOKO MC-
nOJIb3yeTcH B npOM3Bop;CTBe <p aHe -
pbI, Mp;eT Ha M3rOTOBJIeHHe Me6eJIH.
CepaH OJIbxa HMeeT CepOBaTbm OT-
TeHOK. Ee <pM3HqeCKMe CBOHCTBa
6JIH3HH K CBOHCTBaM p;peBeCHHbI qep-
HOH OJIbXII. TaK KaI{ B 60JIblIlliHCTBe
CJIyqaeB TOJII.IJ;HHa CTBOJIa cepOH OJIb- .
XII He npeBbIIllaeT 30 CM, B p;epeBoo6-
pa6aTblBalOI.IJ;eH npOMbIIIIJIeHHOCTH
OHa npHMeHHeTCH pep;Ko. CeJIbCKHe
IllKOJIbI HMelOT 60JIbnrne B03MO>KHO-
ern B 06eCneqemill KpY>KKa 3THM
MaTepHaJIOM. nOJIeHbH HY>KHO pac.-
IlliJIHTh nonepeK Ha oTpe3HH Tpe6ye-
MOH P;JIHHbI, paCKOJIOTb, BbICYIIIHTb,
a 3aTeM, o6pa6oTaB BpyqHYIO mill Ha
<pyroBaJIbHOM CTaHKe, HaHOCMTh Ha
HMX pe3b6y.
OJIbxa XOpOIIIO TOqHTCH Ha CTaHKe.
JJ:eJIaTh Ha 3TOH p;peBeCHHe pe3b6y -
OP;HO yp;OBOJIbCTBHe. JJ:eKOpaTl-iBHoe
tIaHHo «OJIeHb» BbIllOJIHeHO B Tex-
HHKe KYP;pMHCKOH pe3b6bI Ha 3aro-
TOBKe M3 qepHOH OJIbXII (I.1;B. HJI. 13).
JIHna, (lama, o.m.xa - p;peBecHbIe
nopO)J;bI, KOTopbIe MO>KHO peKOMeH-
JJ;OBa-Tb l];l1H 3aHHTMH C MJIap;nUIMH
qJIeHaMll IllKOJIbHOrO KpY:>I-<Ka. CTap-
IIrnM rrOp;pOCTKaM p;ocTyrrHo OCBOeHHe ,
60JIee TBepp;bIX I-I 60JIee CJIOmHbIX B I,. /' . " ., ' , .? , ':'f ) f: :: . ' \ ". ..
06pa60TKe rropop; - 6epe3bI, COCHbI,. , ' .' -
eJII-I, a CTapIlleKJIaCCHI-IKaM - JIHCT- /' , A' _.f " .
BeH E HI-II.I;bI, HceHH, p;y6a. f ,.. 1 I " .1., ,
epe3a - MaTepHaJI, KOTOpblli qa- I . I , . , I <.
rn;e p;pyrl-Ix MomeT BCTpeTI-ITbCH B J .. .. . . '!'. · \. #
IllKOJIe. 3TOT MaTepmm HeOXOTHO HC- :'. : : ; {; .'"\.p;; . . E. 1 . '
-"'t 'if'lf',-4-'t. )" - '1.,. ,
rrOJIb3yeTcH Ha CTpOHTeJIbHbIe, X03HM:- ., ',.. 4;' .'" 'If ",. ..
, 'iJfi',.. '1'.. ......." ., !.,'
CTBeHHbIe HymAbI IllKOJI, I-I OH OCTa- \ ,'If- : "",," '" ",..' '.>, f'. =
\ ' -;.."",,,, -. t.
eTCH B 60JIbIlleM KOJIl-IqeCTBe, qeM ,- ,.
p;pyrHe IIOpOp;bI. Eepe3a - HCKOIllIO .. "";; o..;'!' '
,; ". t -
PYCCKMH pe3HOH MaTepHaJI C JJ;OBOJIb- ",
HO TBepp;OM: H yrrpyroM p;peBeCHHOM.
Eepe3a pemeTCH qI-ICTO, XOpOIllO IllJIlI-
<pyeTcH, TOHl-IpyeTcH H OTp;eJIbIBaeT-
CH. OHa rrpID'Op;Ha P;JIH caMbIX pa3-
JIl-IqHbIX pe3HbIX pa60T. no KpaM:HeM
Mepe, Bce BI1p;bI pe3b6bI, KOTopbIe MbI
paCC UlTpHBaeM B ::nOH KHHre, MorYT
BblIIOJIHHTbCH Ha 6epe30BOM: p;peBe-
CI-IHe.
y6 Hepep;KO HCrrOJIb3yeTcH P;JIH
peJIbe<pHOH CKYJIbrrTYPHOM: pe3b6bI
(pHC. 38). HeCMoTpH Ha KpYIIHOTeK-
cTypHoe IIOJIOCaTOe cTpoeHlle, OH 06-
JIap;aeT OP;HOpOJJ;HOH rrJIOTHOCTblO Ha
TeMHbIX I-I CBeTJIbIX yqaCTKaX rOp;Hq-
HbIX CJlOeB, BH3KOCTbIO .If He06bIqaM:-
HOM: rrpOqHOCTbIO.
.II:y6, KaK H p;pyraH rropop;a -
HceHb, H3-3a BbICOKOM: TBepp;ocTH
pep;Ko rrpl-IMeHHeTCH B IllKOJIbHOH
KPY}!{}{OBOH rrpaKTI-IKe, HO 1-I3BeCTHbI
CJIyqal-I aKTHBHoH pa60TbI CTapIlle-
KJIaCCHI-IKOB C 3TllMH MaTepHaJIaMll.
HarrpHMep, yql-ITeJIb Tpyp;a cpep;HeM:
IllK-oJlbI N!! 36 r. OpJIa A. 11. KOBeIll-
HI-IKOB IIpIi rrpocMoTpe 3arraCOB p;pe-
BeCI-IHbI 06HapymID! HeCKOJIbKO xo-
pOIllO BbICYIlleHHbIX p;y60BbIX H Hce-
aeBl>!X p;OCOK. 11 BOT Ha 6 3e 3Toro
3*
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39. JJ:eKopaTllBHoe 6mo,IJ;o. 51ceHb. Pa60Ta
Y'laIl\llXCH Cpe,IJ;HeH illKOJIbl NQ 36 r, OpJIa
MaTepHaJIa I-IM 6bm OpraHI-I30BaH KPy-
mOK pe3b6bI IIO p;epeBY P;lliI cTapIlle-
KJIaCCHI-IKOB. Pe6HTa pa60TaJlli YBJIe-
qeHHO H 3a rop; C03p;aJlli HeMaJIO BbI-
pa3I-ITeJIbHbIX 1-I3p;eJIMH (PI-Ic. 39).
XBoHHbIe rropop;bI - FIHTepeCHeM:-
IllMH MaTepmlJl P;lliI pe3HbIX pa60T .
OIm He IIOJJ;XOP;HT P;lliI KOHTypHOH
pe3b6bI, TaK KaK HMelOT HepaBHOMep-
Hoe CTpoeHFIe, He II03BOJIHIOrn;ee rro-
.rryqFITb rrJIaBHYIO, TeKyqyro JIHHFIIO.
KpOMe Toro, FIX TeKcTypa CJIFIIllKOM
aKTHBHa, B HeM: TepHIOTCH H3Hrn;HbIe
JIFIHIDI: KOHTYPHOM: pe3b6bI. TpYP;HO
Ha TaKoH p;peBecHHe p;eJIaTb H HBO-
pOBCKyro pe3b6y. TOJIbKO Tp<:xrpaH-
HO-BbIeMqaTaH, peJIbecpHaH FI KYP;-
pFIHC.KaH pe3b6a IIOJIyqaeTCH Ha XBOH-
HbIX rropop;ax OqeHb p;eKopaTHBHo.
Cpe,QH HJIJIIOCTpau;IDi K 3TOMY pa3-
p;eJIY eCTb H306pameHHe p;eKopaTFIB-
HOM: rrJIaCTFIHbI C CIOmeTOM rro Hapop;-
HbIM rrorOBOpKaM (I.I;B. FIJI. 15). 3p;ecb
KpYIIHbrn COqHbIH paCTFITeJ!bHbIH
Y30p COqeTaeTCH C H306pameHIDIMH
: , -* p..
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npegMeTOB. MaTepHaJIOM B ::nOH pe3b-
6e CJIY>HHJIa CKJIeeHHaH B IQHT
06bII<HOBeHHaH coc1ta. TIpMMeHeHHe
TaI<OrO MaTepHa.na 6bIJIO onpaBgaHo
60JIbl.IlliM pa3MepOM pe3Horo nOJIH
(64 x 64 CM), qTO n03BOJIHJIO pe3qHKY
06bIrpaTb l<a>Kgbrii: H3 ::meMeHTOB ge-
I<opa, He 60HCb, qTO aI<THBHbrii: PHCY-
HOI< rogMqHblX CJIOeB CHH3MT BbIpa-
3MTeJIbHOCTh peJIbe<l>a. Copa3MepHbI-
MH BeJI1{qHHe BceH I<OMn03M illi ol<a-
3aJIHCb M oTgelIbHble ::meMeHTbI Tpa-
gH OHHblX l<ygpHHCKHX paCTMTeJIb-
HblX rHpJIfIH)];. 3TOT ygaqHbIH, Ha
Ham B3rJIH,D;, OnbIT gaeT B03MO>K-
HOCTh peKOMeH)];OBaTh COCH)' .wm BbI-
nOJIHemUI I<pynHblX pe3HbIX 1<0MnO-
3M 1lli C MCnOJIb30BaImeM KygpHH-
CIGiX Y30POB I<al< opHaMeHTaJIbHOH
onpaBbI I< OCHOBHOMY ClO)I(eTY,
Oc06eHHO MHTepeCHO BbIrJIH):(fIT
I<OMn03M illi C Bb OKHM peJIbe<l>oM,
BblnOJIHeHHble Ha COCHe MJlli JUlCT-
BeHIm e (pMC. 40).
JIucm6e1t1tUija 3HaqHTeJIbHO TBep>Ke
COCHbI H pe>KeTCH C TpygOM, HO Ha
cpe3ax gaeT KpacMBoe COqeTaHHe gpe-
BeCHblX BOJIOKOH. Ha KaH<,!];OM cpe3e
XBOHHblX nopog B03HHI<aeT rrpMqyg-
JIHBaH mpa TeKcTypbI, 060ra alO-
aH gel<opaTHBHyro I<OMll03MQMIO.
Hepegl<o npIDmgHTCH CJIbIIllaTb,
qTO gpeBeCHHa XBOHHblX rropog co-
BepIlleHHo HenpMrogHa ):(ID! reOMeT-
pMqeCKOH pe3b6bI. C 3THM HeJlb3H
COrJIaCHTbCH, TaK l<aK H HCTOpHH
HapogHoro HCKYCCTBa, H pa60TbI co-
BpeMeHHblX XygO>KHHI<OB, M M3geJIHH
IllI<OJIbHHKOB y6e>I<JJ;aIOT B 06paTHoM
(pMC. 41).
TpygHocTeH B pa60Te C COCHOH
rrpH BblIIOJIHeHHH reOMeTpMqeCKOH
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pe3aTb He HaBcTpeqy BOJIOI<HaM, a
l<aI< 6bI COCKaJIb3bIBaTb rro HHM (rro
npMH rry CTporamUI py6aHKOM).
HY>KHO Tal<>Ke MMeTb B BMgy, qTO
,
xapaKTep gpeBecHoro pMCYHKa OKa-
3bIBaeT CYIQeCTBeHHoe BJIHHHMe Ha
BHg, cpOPMY H BeJIMqlUIY 3JIeMeHTOB
3aJJ:YMaHHOH pe3HOH KOMn03M HH.
HarrpMMep, npH pa60Te C COCHOH,
JIHCTBeHHH eH M gpyrHMH XBOHHhIMH
rropo,n;aMH C HpKO BbIpa>KeHHOH TeK-
CTypOH xapaKTep BblpesaeMblX Y30-
pOB ):(OJI)I(eH 6bITb KpyrrHbIM,' COq-
HbIM, gocTaTOqHO rJIy60I<HM. 3:r0 CBH-
3aHO, Bo-nepBblX, C TeM, qTO Ha cpe-
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3ax TeRcTypa BbI.n;emreTC.H OqeHb .Hp-
RHMH, BbIpa3HTeJIbHbIMlI JIHHH.HMH,
BMellIlma.HCb B PHCYHOl< Y30POB, no-
3TOMY MeJII<He 3JIeMeHTbI TepHIOTC.H
B 3TMX Tel<CTypHblX pa:3Bo)J;ax, H pe3b-
6a nOqTH He npOCMaTpHBaeTC.H. Bo-
BTOpbIX, .n;peBeCHHa XBOHHbIX nopo.n;
OqeHb xpym<a H HepaBHOMepHa no
nJIOTHOCTH. OHa JIerno CRaJIbIBae-rC.H
no CJIOIO, OTqero pa60Ta CTaHOBHTCH
HeOnp.HTHOM. TIpH l<pYIllibIX 3JIeMeH-
Tax 3TH He)J;OCTaTRH HCRJIIOqaIOTCH.
qTO l<aCaeTC.H TaRHX nopo.n;, l<aR
JIHna, OCHHa, 6epe3a, TO OHM MorYT
6bITb nOl<pbITbI TOHqafunHM Y30POM,
l<OTOpbrn He 3a6HBaeTC.H npHpO,D;HbIM
PHCYHl<OM BOJIOROH, Tal< l<aJ{ HX .n;pe-
BeCHHa paBHOMepHO rJIa.n;RaH H .n;o-
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BaJIHCb MeJIl<He 3JIeMeHTbI.
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nOpOJ];bI IIpHrOJ];HbI )J;JIH pe3HbIX pa-
60T, XOT.H OHM H HaH60JIee pacnpo-
cTpaHeHbI B 60JIblIIHHCTBe paMoHoB
cTpaHbI. B TO llie BpeMH eCTb MeCTa,
r.n;e HeT 3THX nopo.n;, a eCTb )J;pyrHe,
HaIIpHMep: nHXTa, Ke.n;p, rpeIWHH:
opex, 6YR, THCC. llx TOllie MOlliHO
ycnelliHo HCnOJIb30BaTb B pa60Te.
YqaIIJ;HeC.H pMa IIIl<OJI, pacnOJIO-
llieHHbIX B paHoHax .n;epeBo06pa6aTbI-
BaIOIIJ;HX npe.n;IIpHHTHM, r.n;e CTpora-
IOT .n;peBeClIHY Ha IIInOH, HMeIOT B03-
MOlliHOCTh pa60TaTb C OTxo.n;aMH q,a-
HepHoro npOH3Bo.n;CTBa (CTpyraMH).
3TH MaTepHaJIbI, BeCbMa pa3Ho06-
pa3HbIe no IJ;BeTY H Tel<CType, 06'b-
e)J;HHHIOTC.H B YCJIOBHbIe rpynnbI, HO-
C.HIIJ;He Ha3BaHIDl «l<pacHoe .n;epeBo»,
«JIHMOHHOe .n;epeBo», «qepHOe .n;epe-
BO». Kal< npaBHJIO, OHM OqeHb npoq-
HbIe, pelliYTC.H C Tpy.n;OM, MeJIl<He 3JIe-
MeHTbI pe3b6bI qaCTO Cl<aJIbIBaIOTC.H,
HO 60raTeMIIIHi1: HaCbIIIJ;eHHb IJ;BeT
'7\'
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peJIHBaMH CTPYHqaTOH Tel<CTypbI no-
l<pbIBaeT Bce 3TH He.n;OCTaTRH. C Ta-
RHMH nopo.n;aMH, eCJIH OHM HMeIOTC.H
B RpYlliRe, pel<OMeH.n;yeTC.H pa60TaTb
CTaplIIel<JIaCCHHRaM.
B CeJIbCl<OH MeCTHOCTH H B ropo.n;-
CRHX paHOHax B MeCTax 3aCTpOHRH
CTapbIX l<BapTa.tIoB HOBbIMH .n;OMaMH
Hepe.n;l<O MOlliHO 3anaCTHCb .n;peBeCH-
HOM .H6JIOHM, rpYIIIH, CJIHBbI. Y q,PYR-
TOBbIX .n;epeBbeB B .n;eJIO MorYT H.n;TH
He TOJIbRO CTBOJIbI, HO H BeTBH.
B MeCTax nOnepeqHOrO paCIIllJIa Y HHX
OTRpbIBaeTC.H MHOrOIJ;BeTbe TeMHOH
cep.n;IJ;eBHHbI. Hape3aHHbIMH Rpy-
lliO'IKaMH nOnepeqHbIX paCnHJIOB MO-
lliItO 06l<JIeHTb l<al<Oe-HH6y.n;b .n;eRO-
paTHBHoe H3.n;eJIHe, 3anOJIHHB npo-
MelliYTIlli 3nOl<CH.n;HOH CMOJIOH.
TIpal<THqeCIili JII06yro .n;peBeCIiHY
MOlliHO npHMeHHTb .n;JIH Toro mill
llHoro BH)J;a pe3HbIX .n;eRopaTHBHbIX
pa60T. ECJIH IIIROJIbHMRH nOqYBCT-
ByroT 3TO, OHM CMorYT .n;JIH l<alli)J;OM
)J;OCRH HaMTH cnoco6 npeo6pa30BaHHH
MX B .Hpl<HH: .n;el<OpaTHBHbrn 06pa3,.
JJ:peBeCHH3 .n;JIH pe3b6bI .n;OJDKHa
6bITb XOpOIliO BbICYllieHa. ECJIH pe-
3aTb no CbIpOH .n;peBeCHHe, caM npo-
IJ;ecc 6y.n;eT H.n;TH JIerqe, HO IIpH BbI-
CbIXaHJili pe3Hoe H3.n;eJIHe MOllieT pac-
TpeCl<aTbCH, .n;aTb YCYIIIKY, nOl<Opo-
6HTbC.H. TIo CYXOM .n;peBeCIiHe pe3aTb
TPy.n;Hee, HO pe3b6a coxpaHHeTC.H Ha-
.n;elliHO.
HaH60JIee npOCTO CYIIIHTb .n;peBe-
CHH}' Ha OTl<pbITOM B03.n;yxe no.n; Ha-
BeCOM, 3al<paCHB TOpIJ;bI MaCJIHHOM
l<paCl<OM. 3aJ{JIa)J;bIBaTh MaTepHaJI Ha
CYllIl<Y JIyqlIIe B l<oHIJ;e yqe6HOrO ro-
.n;a, qT06bI 3a JIeTO OH BbICOX. .II:JI.H
YCl<OpeHIDl CYIliRH MOlliHO 06paTHTb-
C.H Ha Me6eJIbHOe npe.n;npH.HTHe.
J EPEB5fHHA51 M03/\J1F c\
B HaCTOm.n;ee BpeMfI ,D;epeBHHHaH
M03aIU<a C03,D;aeTCH rJIaBHblM o6pa-
30M B TeXmU{e Mapl<eTpH H3 O.n;HO-
CJIOH:HOM q,aHepbl (IllnOHa) pa3JIHq-
HbIX .n;peBeCHbIX nOpO,D;. Tal<aH q,a-
Hepa nOJIyqaeTcH B pe3YJIbTaTe npo-
.n;OJIbHOro CTpOraHWI MaGCHBa .n;pe-
BeCHHbl Ha CTaHl<aX. OTpe301< CTBOJIa
Yl<penJIHeTCH HenO.n;BH>KHO B rOpH-
30HTa!lbHOM nOJIO>KeHJili Ha croJIe q,a-
HepHO-CTpOraJIbHOrO CTaHl<a. C no-
MOIW>IO nOCTYnaTeJIbHOrO .n;BH>KeHHH
HO>Ka CJIOM 3a CJIOeM CHHMaeTCH TOH-
l<aH .n;peBeCHHa.
B HaCTom.n;ee BpeMfI .n;JUI H3rOTOB-
JIeHWI HO>KeBOH q,aHepbl npHMelUl-
lOT TPH cnoco6a pa3pe3a: pa.n;HaJIb-
Hbrn, pa.n;HaJIbHO-TaHreHTaJIbHbrn H
TaHreHTaJIbHbrn.
TIpH pa.n;HaJIbHOM pa3pe3e nJIOC-
I<OCTb CeqeHWI npoxo.n;HT qepe3 u;eHTp
CTBOJIa. B pe3YJIbTaTe PHCYHOI< Ha
<l>aHepe HMeeT BH)J; npHMbIX HJill HC-
I<pHBJIeHHbIX nOJIOC B 3aBHCHMOCTH
OT npaBHJIbHOCTII pacnOJIO>KeHWI ro-
.n;Hq}IbIX I<OJIell; (U;B. HJI. 14, a). HaH-
60JIee HHTepecHbrn PHCYHOI< .n;peBec-,
HblX BOJIOI<OH nOJIyqaeTcH npH pa-
.n;HaJIbHO-TaHreHTaJIbHOM H TaHreH-
TaJIbHOM pa3pe3ax, I<or.n;a nJIOCI<OCTb
HO>Ka npoxo.n;HT l<aCaTeJIbHO I< O.n;HO-
MY H3 CJIOeB .n;epeBa H nepeCel<aeT
B.n;OJIb OCTaJIbHble. B 3TMX CJIyqaHX
PHCYHOI< Ha q,aHepe .n;aeT CaMble npH-
qy.n;JIHBble napa60JIHqeCI<He q,OpMbI
H BceB03MO>KHble H3BHBaIOll.{HeCH no-
JIOCbl (U;B. HJI. 14, 6).
TOHl<yro q,aHepy MO>KHO nOJIyqHTb
Tal<>Ke cnoco6oM JIYI.IJ;eHHH. OTpe301<
CTBOJIa (qypal<) BpaI.IJ;aeTCH BOl<pyr
cBoeH OCH, a I< HeMY no.n;Bo.n;HTCH
Heno.n;BH>KHO Yl<pepJIeHHbrn HO>K He-
CI<OJIbl<O 60JIbIllero pa3Mepa, qeM qy-
pal<. B pe3YJIbTaTe BpaI.IJ;eHWI CTBOJI
.n;epeBa I<al< 6bI pa3MaTbIBaeTCH no
rO,n;HqHblM I<OJIbu;aM B ,D;.JrnHHOe TOH-
I<oe nOJIOTHO. O.n;HaI<O npH 3TOM cno-
co6e pe.n;l<o nOJIyqaeTCH I<paCHBbrn
PHCYHOI<, Tal< I<al< HO>K He nepepe3aeT
ro.n;HqHbIX CJIOeB.
B HaIIIeM CTpaHe B Me6eJIbHOM npo-
H3Bo.n;CTBe nrnpol<o HCnOJIb3yeTcH q,a-
Hepa H3 .n;peBeCHHbl rpell;l<oro opexa,
I<paCHOro .n;epeBa, .n;y6a, 6Yl<a, 6epe-
3bl, HceHH. BCTpeqaeTCH I<apeJIbCl<aH
6epe3a, caxapHbrn I<JIeH, HEOp, I<JIeH,
rpYIlla, l<aIIITaH, naJIHCaH.n;p, JIHMOH-
Hoe .n;epeBO H P.R.n .n;pyrHX nopo.n;.
Ka>K.n;aH H3 HMX HMeeT COTHH pa3JIHq-
HblX U;BeTOB H PHCYHI<OB BOJIOI<OH.
TIpe.n;JIaraeM l<paTI<Oe OnHCaHHe He-
I<OTOpbIX H3 HHX, HaH60JIee qaCTO
BCTpeqaIOll.{HXCR.
Tpe1.JKUU opex HMeeT qaI.IJ;e Bcero
.n;peBeCHHY I<OpHqHeBOrO U;BeTa ca-
MblX pa3Hoo6pa3HbIX OTTeHI<OB. PH-
CYHOI< .n;peBeCHblX BOJIOI<OH OqeHb
6oraTblM, BOJIHHCTbrn, C nrnpOI<HMH
MOI.IJ;HbIMll pa3Bo.n;aMH. JJ:peBeCHHa
npel<paCHO pe>KeTCH HO>KOM, OqeHb
rH61<aH. TIpH BbITIOJIHeHJili. MeJII<HX
3JIeMeHTOB He I<pOnrnTCH. TIo.n; OT.n;eJI-
I<OH npHo6peTaeT rYCTO-I<OpHqHeBbIM
OTTeHOI< C npHHTHbIM, 6JIaropo.n;HblM
PHCYHI<OM.
EYK 06blqHO 6bIBaeT CBeTJIbIX,
>KeJITOBaTO-oxpHCTbIX OTTeHI<OB.
JJ:peBeCIUIa ero nOqTH JillIIIeHa PH-
CYHI<a BOJIOI<OH, TOJIbl<O BeCb OH npo-
pe3aH MHO>KeCTBOM qaCTbIX OqeHb
MaJIeHbI<llX TeMHbIX IllTpMXOB - qac-
THIJ; cep.n;u;eBHHHbIX JIyqeH. I1Hor.n;a
3TH IllTPHXH CBepl<aIOT, Tor.n;a .n;pe-
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7]
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42, a, 6, TeKcTypa I1 TOPQeBoH cpe3 KapeJIbCKOH 6epe3hI
meTCH J];OBO.TIbHO TpYJ];HO. Ey!< XOpOIll
J];JIH q,oHa, oJ];HaRo npH BbIpe3aHHH
J];eTaJIe:H C OCTpbIMH yrJIaMH qaCTO
06JIaMbIBaeTcH. Ecmr rpeu;I-rni1: opex
HMeeT BH3Ry!o .n;peBeCHHY, TO 6YR
3HaqHTe.TIbHO 6o.TIee cyx M xpynOR.
KpaCHoe oepe6o, noma.TIY:H, caMaH
pacnpOCTpaHeHHaH J];peBeCHHa B CO-
BpeMeHHOM Me6eJIbHOM npOH3BOJ];CT-
Be. 3TO Ha3BaHHe 06'beJ];HHHeT or-
pOMHoe ROJIHqeCTBO caMbIX pa3HbIx
J];peBecHbIx nopo.n;. KaJ( npaBH.TIO,
Bce OHM RpacHoBaTO-ROpHqHeBOrO
U;BeTa pa3JIHqHO:H CBeTJIOTbI. JJ:peBe-
CHHa HX 06bIqHO npopHcoBaHa npo-
J];OJIbHbIMll nrn:pm<HMlI nOJIOcaMlI. 110
IJ;BeTY OHM nOqTH He OTJIl-ft.IalOTCH J];pyr
OT .J];pyra H 3aMeTHhI JIHllib 3a CqeT
cBoeo6pa3Horo Mepu;aHHH: OJ];Ha no-
JIoca TeMHaH, COCeJ];HHH - MepIJ;aeT,
CBeTHTCH, H TaK qepeJ];YIOTCH no BCe:H
IllHpHHe JIHCTa q,aHepbI. Ecmr Ha
TOT me JIHCT nOCMOTpeTb C 06paTHO:H
CTOpOHbI, CBeTHlIJ;aHCH nOJIOCRa CTa-
HeT TeMHO:H, a TeMHaJI - Mepu;alOI.IJ;e:H.
3TO xapaRTepHO ]J;JIH 60JIbIllHHCTBa
nopoJ]; RpaCHoro J];epeBa. PemeTCH
JIerKO, HO OqeHb CHJIbHO RpOIllHTCH.
Kape/lbCKa.fl 6epe3a no BHeIllHeMY
BH.n;y CTBOJIa noqrn He OTJIHqaeTCH
OT 06bIqHOH 6epe3bI, OJ];HaRO ee J];pe-
BeCHHa HMeeT COBceM J];pyrO:H xapaK-
Tep: CBeTJIO-OXpHCTaJI no U;BeTY, OHa
qeTRO H rYCTO «pa3pHCOBaHa» He-
60JIbIllHMH qepHbIMlI «3aROplOqKa-
MlI», ROTopbIe JIH60 nOJIHOCTblO no-
RpbIBaIOT nOBepXHOCTb J];peBeCHHbI,
JIH60 nona.n;alOTCH OTJ];eJIbHbIMlI yqa-
CTRaMH, crYCTRaMlI Ha nepJIaMYTpo-
BOM q,OHe. JJ:peBeama BH3RaH, pe-
meTCH XOpOIllO, noqrn He RpOIllHTCH,
npHHHMaeT OqeHb RpaCHBbrn «MYIll-
qaTbIH» BH,L1; no.n; OTJ];eJIRO:H
(pHC. 42, a).
r pyw.a HMeeT J];peBecHHY rycToro
KpacHoBaTO-ROpHqHeBOrO IJ;BeTa, 6e3
PHCYHRa BO.TIOROH, B OTJIH1:UIe OT
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TOBaH. JJ:peBecHHa RpenRaH, HO pe-
meTCH JIerRO 6e3 3aMeTHbIX yamHH,
J];OCTaTOqHO BH3RaH, He RpOIllHTCH.
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M MMelOm:lIX HpKIDf BeT ,n;peBeCMHbI.
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qeHHOCTII BOJIOKOH B 3TllX cyqKaX
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OKpaClm. CyqKH pacnOJIaralOTCH
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Ba, yp;IfBMTeJIbHO qMCTa :H CBeH<a.
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nOJIb3YlOT HceHb, ,n;y6, 6epe3Y. B03-
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JIa ,n;JIH M306paH<eHMH YG:am;MMCH MO-
ryr B'CTpeTMTbCH M 60JIee pe,n;KMe no-
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CBOMCTBa 3TIfX nopo,n; peOHTa CMorYT
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TeJIbHO MMeTh 60raTbrn BbI60p q,aHe-
pbI C pa3Hoo6pa3HbIMII ,n;peBeCHbIMH
pMCYHKa1\lli M OTTeHKaMII. TIpMG:eM
COBepIlleHHO Heo6H3aTeJIbHO MC}{aTb
nepBocopTHYIO JJ;peBeCIIHY, MCnOJIb-
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npHHTllH OXOTHO paCCTalOTCH C HM-
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HymeH ));JUI 3aHHTIDf IllKOJlbHOrO
KpYH<I<a.
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3yeTcH 60JIbIllOM nonYJIHpHOCTblO Y
MaCTepOB M03aHKH. Cpe,n;M 3TIfX no-
pOI<OB B nepBYIO oqepep;b HY>KHO Ha-
3BaTb HanJIblBbI. Han/lb16 - 3TO YTOJI-
m;eHMe, Hapocr na I<OpHHX, BeTBHX
HJlli Ha CTBOJIaX ,n;epeBbeB. B JIecy MbI
qaCfO npoxop;MM MHMO HHX, He o6pa-
m;aH BHMMaHMH. Op;HaI<O B HanJIbIBaX
xpaHHTcH eHHeMIllIDf xy,n;O>KeCTBeH-
Hbrn MaTepMaJI. HanJIblBbI no pacno-
JIO>KeHIDO B HI1X BOJIOI<OH ,n;eJUlTCH
Ha ,n;Be rpYllllbI: 06bII<HOBeHHbIe, PM-
CYHOI< BOJIOI<OH I<OTOpbIX HarrOMHHaeT
aI<I<ypaTHo paCqeCaHHbIe IlleJIKOBMC-
TbIe PYCble BOJIOCbI (3TOT HanJIblB
HOCHT Ha3BaHMe CYBeJIb-BaJI; pMC. 43),
M HanJIblBbI C npMqy,n;JIMBO 3aKpyr-
JIeHHblMH MeJIKHMH I<pY>KeBHbIMII
Y30paMH. I1x Ha3bIBalOT KanaMH.
OqeHb I<paCMBa ,n;peBeClfila I<anOB
T'pe KOro opexa, I<JIeHa, I;JMIllHM, 6e-
pe3bl, rpynrn: ( B. HJI. 14, 6).
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MCTpe BCCOM 60JIec TOHHbI. II BC.H
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cJIYqaJi, I<or)];a OT)];eJIbHbIe HanJIbIBbI
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HUIO C rpeqrorM opexoM, XOT.H B He-
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Ji I<apeJIbCI<aJI 6epe3a.
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BeTCI<OM COlO3C OT)];eJIbHbIe 06-
pa3qhI caxapHoro I<JIeHa eCTb B HJi-
I<JiTCI<OM 60TaHJiqeCI<OM ca;::J;y B
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. TOCTJi Y p;peBeCJiHbI I<apeJIbCI<OM 6e-
pe3bI. Eepe3a, :>KJiByrqaJI B CypOBbIX
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cep;a;ll;eBMHe CTBOJIa, TeM M30rHYToCTb
JIeneCTI<OB p03eTI<H YBeJIMtJHBaeTcH
(pMC. 42, 6). TaI<yro <POp MY rO;a;MtJHbIe
I<OJIbll;a npM06peTalOT nop; BJIMHHHeM
OtJeHb MOIIJ;HbIX TeMHbIX cepp;ll;eBMp;-
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JIa. B CBOIO otJepe)];b cep)J;ll;eBMHHbIe
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BalOTCH nOIIOJIaM, H llX I<OHll;bI CI<JIa-
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yrOJI. COtJeTaHHe M3JIOMaHHbIX cepp;-
. ll;eBMIllibIX JIYtJeM M BOJIHHCTbIX ro-
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6a, HceHH, OCMHbI, 6epe3bI.
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paM M nJIOTHllI<aM rJIa)];Ro 06pa60-
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npenHTcTBMe, npM)f{IlMaHCb ,lJ;pyr I<
P;Pyry M 06XO,lJ;H CyqI<H IIIHpOI<OM
p;yroM (pMC. 44). TaI<OM nopoI< Ita-
3bIBaeTCH 3a6UmKOM.. I1CIIOJIb3YH ero
B p;epeBHHHoM M03a:HI<e, MO)f{HO p;o-
6llTbCH llHTepecHoro I<OMn0311IJ;llOH-
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TaI<, OCMHa H .mum M3-3a MHI'I<OCTM
nJIOXO YJ];ep)f{MBaIOT BI<OJIO"t.J:eHHbIe
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BbIIIOJIHeHID:I MHI<pYCTal.\ID:I Ha TaI<HX
nopop;ax J];eTaJlli I<OMII03MI.\ID:I HY)f{HO
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JIOI<OH, TaI< I<aI< IIOJIOCI<M J];epeBa,
Haxo,n;HlQ1IeCH Me)f{)J;y COCep;HHMH 3JIe-
MeHTaMM, 6YJ];yr BbIIIHpaTh BBepx, OT-
pbIBaHCb no BOJIOI<HaM, M BbIKpaIUM-
BaTbCH, 06pa3YH HeonpHTHbIe paI<O-
BIllibI. QT06bI cnacTli MHI<pYCTaI.\MIO,
MX IIpMp;eTCH IUIIaI<JIeBaTh. PaCCTOH-
HHe Me Hace"t.J:I<aMH B MHI<pYCTa-
I.\ID:I MeTaJIJIOM JIHIlbI M OCHHbI (no-
nepeI< BOJIOI<OH) P;OrryCTMMO He MeHee
J];BYX MMJIJIHMeTpOB.
XOpOIUO MHI<pYCTHpyeTcH 6epe3a.
Ee nJIOTHaJI J];peBeCMHa HaJ];e)f{HO ,n;ep-
)f{1IT MeTaJIJI. llIMpMHa B6MBaeMbIX
3JIeMeHTOB - 2 MM IIOnepeI< M 3 MM
BP;OJIb BOJIOI<OH. HaH60JIee nop;xo-
J];HLQeM M3 pH)];OBbIX nopop; P;mI HH-
I<pYCTan;ID:I HBJIHeTCH OJIbXa. Pa6o-
TaTb Ha HeM - OP;HO yp;oBOJIbCTBMe.
ORa OTJIH"t.J:aeTCH MHI'I<OCTblO JIHilbI
IIPM IIpOpe3aHIm yrJIy6JIeHMM no,n
MHI<pycTal.\illO M ynpyrocTblO 6epe3bl
npM y,nep)f{aHHM' Bi<OJIo"t.J:eHHblX Me-
TaJIJIH"t.J:eCI<HX ,neTaJIeM I<OMII03MI.\HH
(CM. pMC. 27).
HHTepecHbIe MHI<pycTal.\ID:I no.rry-
"t.J:aIOTCH Ha TOpl.\eBbIX cpe3ax P;y6a.
TIpM TaI<OM cpe3e MaTepMaJI JIerI<O
npOJ<aJIbIBaeTCH M B TO )f{e BpeMJI
o"t.J:eHb yrrpyro ,nep)f{MT MeTaJIJI. 3,necb
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MO)f{eT 6bITh ,no 2 MM. Hace"t.J:I<H
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J];pyry.
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pa60TaTb M C COCHOM. 3,neCb Tpe6y-
eTCH npe,neJIbHOe CnOI<OMCTBHe M He-
TOpOnJIMBOCTb, MHa"t.J:e xpynKaH, JIerI<O
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)f{eT MCnOJIHMTemI. llITPMXOBI<Y COC-
IIbI MeTaJIJIM"t.J:eCI<MMM Hace"t.J:I<aMM MO-
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TOJIbI<O OT MaTepMaJIa, B3HTOrO Ha
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COqeTaeTC.H B .n;areCTaHCRHX Y30paX
C 6JIeCROM RpyrJIbIX OCTpOBROB
CIUIOWHorO MeTaJIJIa (pHC. 46). Ha
TeMHOM cPOHC TaI<a.H CBeT.Hm;a.HC.H Me-
TaJIJIHQeCRa.H ROMn03H H.H HeBOJIbHO
Bbl3blBaeT qYBCTBO pa.n;ocTH, y.n;HB-
JIeHH.H, BOCXHm;eHIDI c03.n;aHHoM Kpa-
COTOM. MHoroe B Bblpa3IITeJIbHOCTH
3THX H3.n;e.mrn 3aBHCHT OT CBeTOHOC-
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cepe6po, CTOMKoro RO BC.HKOrO po.n;a
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COBble IIUWJIbI He paCnOJIaralOT, no-
3TOMY Ha 3JIeMeHTbI HHRpYCTa HH
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pHC. 26). TIpHMeHeHHe CTOJIb TOJI-
CTOM nOJIOCbI onpaB.n;aHo pa3Mepa-.
MH nJIaCTHHbl - 62 x 42 CM. BHYT-
peHHIDI IIITpHXOBRa Ha HeM BbillOJI-
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TIpH HHRpycTHpoBaHHH ROMn03H-
IDI pa3JIHqHbIMH MaTepHaJIaMH HY»<-
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JIOTHTC.H .HCHbIMH cpe3aMH; HeCROJIbRO
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qeTaHH.H HMelOm;HXC.H MeTaJIJIOB,
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(pMC 49). O}J.HaKO no.n; qaCTbIMII y.n;a-
paMM qeKaHa MJlli MOJIOTOqKa nJIa-
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3HQHH. KpoMe Toro, P;IDI 3Toro BHp;a
pa60TbI IIoTpe6YlOTcH um:poKHe IIO-
JIOrHe rro.rryKpyrJIbIe CTaMeCKH, KO-
TopbIe MO>KHO H3rOTOBHTb Ha Ham-
p;al<e H3 06bII<HOBeHHbIX IIJIOCKHX.
* * *
Kocou 1-IO:JK: - OCHOBHOH HHCTPY-
MeHT IIPH IIop;60pe M03aH'IHbIX KOM-
rr03HQHH H3 QBeTHoro p;peBecHoro
IIIIIOHa. KID< y>i<e OTMe'IaJIOCb, ero
MO>KHO cp;eJIaTb H3 nOJIOTHa cJIecap-
ROH RO>KOBKH, op;HaKO yrOJI 3aTO'Il<H
KJIHRl<a p;OJI>KeH 6bITb 1ieCKOJIbKO
oCTpee, 'IeM B reOMeTpH'IeCI<OH pe3h-
6e. - 35-40°. .nIDI M03aMKH XOpOtnM
HO>i<H, BbITO'IeHHbIe H3 Me;::(Mtt;HHCKMX
CKaJIhIIeJIeH. I1x CJIeP;YeT 3aKpeIIMTb
B gepeBj:{HHoH py'IKe. Pyttt<a Homa
P;IDI M03aHttHbIX pa60T p;OJI>i<Ha MMeTb
Ha KOHQe cpe3 IIOp; yrJIOM 50-60 ° .
(pHC. 60), OTIIIJIH«pOBaHHbrn HaH<,IJ;a'I-
HOH 6YMaroH. OH c.rrymMT .n;IDI IIPHTH-
pmuUl KJIeeBOH JIeHTbI BO BpeMH
CKpeIIJIeHIDI p;eTaJIeH Ha60pa. TaKaH
py'IKa yp;06HO paCIIo.rraraeTCH B py-
Ke, He CKOJIh3MT H He KPYTMTCH, 110-
3BOIDIeT yaeJIH'IlITb HamHM IIPH pe-
3aHllli «paHepbI H rrpep;OXpaHHeT PYI<H
OT IIope30B.
60. HO)K-pe3aK Jll{ epeBHHHoH M03aHKH
-----:.. -$..
90
H<?>K M03aH'IHCTa p;OJI>Ke 6bITb
O'IeHb OCTpbIM, HHa'Ie y p;eTaJIeH Ha-
60pa IIOJIY'IaTCH MHTbIe, pBaHbIe
KpaH, a IIPH CKJIeHBaHllli MeH<,IJ;y
HHMH 06pa3YlOTCH IIIHpOKHe IQeJIH.
KpOMe Toro, IIPH pa60Te TYIIbIM HH-
CTpYMeHTOM 'IaCTO pa3pbIBaeTCH «pa-
Hepa, 06JIaMbIBalOTCH p;eTaJIH.
M03aH'IHbIM HO>KOM HeJIb3H TO-
'IHTb KapaH,D;anrn H pe3aTb KJIeeBYIO
JIeHTY. .nIDI 3THX QeJIeH IIO.n; PYKOH
p;OJImeH 6bITb OCTpbrn IIepO'IHHHbIH
HO>K.
KpOMe KOcOro HO>Ka, P;JIH HCIIOJIHe-
HIDI p;epeBHHHOH M03aHKH He06xo-
.n;HMbI CJIep;YIOIQHe HHCTpYMeHTbI H
IIPHCIIOC06JIeHHH.
. HO:JK:-nUAa CJIY>i<HT P;IDI pa3pe3a-
HMH TOHKOH 06JIHQOBO'IHOH «paHepbI
110 IIpHMoH: JIHHIrn: Ha Y'IaCTKaX 60JIb-
IIIOH P;JIHHbI. 06bI'IHbrn HO>i< C KJIH-
HOBH)J;HbIM KOHQOM IIPM pa3pe3aHHH
«paHepbI BP;OJIh BOJIOKOH HeBOJIhHO
HgeT 110 H3rM6aM p;peBeCHoro CJIOH.
.II:IDKe JIHHefu<a .n;aJIeKO He Bcerp;a
IIOMOraeT yp;epmaTb ero Ha IIpHMOH
JIHHHH. B TaKHX CJIY'IaHX BbIpY'IaeT
HO>K-mura. OH COCTOHT H3 CTaJIbHOH
nJIaCTHHKH C MeJlI{HMH 3y6bHMH, KO-
TopaH IIPO'IHO YKpeIIJIeHa Ha p;epe-
BHHHOM KOJIOp;Ke C PY'IKOM. 3TOT
MHCTpYMeHT MO>KeT 6bITh OP;HOCTO-
pOHHHM HJIH P;BYCTOPOHllliM (pHC. 61).
B rrpop;ame TaKHX HomeH He 6bIBaeT,
HX p;eJIalOT H3 IIJIaCTHHhI OT CTapOM
p;BYPY'IHOM IlliJIbI HJlli OT HO>KOBKH 110
p;epeBY. Ha CTaJIbHOM IIJIaCTHHKe TOJI-
.IQHHOM 1,5-2 MM pa3MepoM rrpHMep-
HO 90 x 60 MM co CTOpOHbI, 60JIbIIIeM
IIO pa3Mepy, Ha.n;«pHJIeM Hape3alOTCH
MeJlI{He 'IaCTbIe 3y6IU>I. Ta cTopoHa,
rp;e Hape3aHbI 3y6bH, CTa'IHBaeTCH,
KaK CTaMeCKa. TIpH 3TOM 3y6bH
He pa3Bop;HTCH. Ha rrpOTHBOIIOJIQm-
HOH CTOpOHe rmaCTHHlill CBepm'ITCH
HeCKOJIbKO OTBepcnrli:, KOTopbIe 3eH-
KYIOTCH C rrJIOCKOH (He CTOLIeHHOH)
CTOpOHbI. 113 MHrKOH gpeBecHHbI
(mma, ocmm, OJIbxa) pemeTCH KOJIOg-
Ka C PYLIKoH gJIH Homa. CPopMa
H pa3MepbI HO}f(3-rrHJIbI rrOKa3aHbI
Ha pHcYHKe 61. no OTHOllIeHHIO K
KOJIOgKe PYLIKa pacrro.rraraeTCH rrog
yrJIOM. nJIaCTHHKY IIIYPyrraMH 3a-
KperrJIHIOT Ha KOJIogKe. PYLIKa rro-
KpbIBaeTCH JIaKOM.
.II:JIH <paHepOBaHIDI (rrpHKJIeHBa-
HHH K OCHOBe) rOTOBoro Ha60pa HC-
rrOJIb3YlOTCH gBa BHga rrpHcrroco6JIe-
mill - rrpHTHpOLIHbrn MOJIOTOK H
MexaHHLIecKHH rrpecc.
npUmUpO"l.{HblU MO/lom01< MomeT
6bITb rrpOCTbIM, cgeJIaHHbIM H3 TBep-
gOH gpeBecHHbI (pHC. 62). DOJIee
rrpHrogeH MOJIOTOK, HMelOW;HH Me-
TaJIJlHLIeCKHH BaJlliK, TaK KaK <paHe-
pOBaHHe HM Tpe6YeT MeHbllIe YCH-
JlliH, rrOLIrn HCKmoLIalOTcH pa3pbIBbI
Ha6opa, KaLIeCTBO pa60TbI 3HaLIHTeJIb-
HO BbIllie. .amI rpyrrIIbI YLIaI.I.1;HXCH
B 12-15 LIeJIOBeK Heo6xogHM O HH
.' MOJIOTOK C MeTaJDlliLIeCKHM BaJlliKOM 1 .
XopOlliHe pe3YJIbTaTbI rrpH <paHe-
pOBaHHH gaeT HCrrOJIb30BaHHe Mexa-
HU"I.{eC«OlO npecca, COCTaBJIeHHOrO H3
XOMYTOBblX CTPy6:QHH. Pa3MepbI pa-
60T YLIaI.I.1;HXCH, KaK rrpaBHJIO, HeBe-
JlliKH, rr03TOMY gJIH KpymKa gocTa-
TOLIHO HMeTb gBe XOMYTOBbIe CTpy6-
I.\HHbI. XOMYTOBaH cTpy61.\HHa rrpeg-
CTaBJlHeT C060H MeTaJDlliLIecKYIO
cBapHyro HJIH C60PHYlO paMY C BYMH
HJIH HeCKOJIbKHMH XOgOBbIMH BHH-
TaMH. HaH60JIee rrpHeMJIeMbIe pa3-
I Ha pnc. 63 ):\aHbI pa3MepbI rrpllTllpOq-
Horo MOJIOTKa, KOHCTPYKQIDO KOToporo pa3-
pa60TaJI yqe6HbIll MacTep OpJIOBCKOro rre):\-
IlHCTIlTYTa C. H. HOBIlKOB.
5
61. HmK-IIIlJIa ):\BYX BH):\OB
62. IIpllTHPOqHhIll MOJIOTOK ():\epeBHHHbIll)
l}l
A-A
4/0
f
, 0
f-
8.9
63, a, 6. IIpIiTIipO'lHhIll MOJIOTOK C B3JIIiKOM.
06II(1ID: Bll)]; (a); qepTe)I{ rrpHTIipO'lHOrO MO-
JIOTKa (6): 1) PY'lK3; :!) cKo6a; 3) KaT0K;
4) OCb; 5) 6oJIT; 6) rallKa; 7) Illall6a
64. qepTe)I{ xOMYToBoII - cTpy6Ql!HhI
.,.
<'\;j
....
MO
1)2
MepbI XOMYTOBOR cTPy6 HbI YKa3a-
HbI Ha pliCYHKe 64. TIepep;BlirWI op;-
HY cTPy6QliHY OTHOCIiTeJIbHO P;PyroR
Ha 60JIbIllee IiJlli MeHbIllee paCCTOH-
Hlie, MO:H<HO npliKJIeliBaTb K OCHOBe
Ha60pbI pa3HbIX pa3MepOB (pIiC. 65).
TaKoR no.n;BIi)l{JIbIR.npecc yp;06eH B
lIIKOJIbHbIX MacTepcKHx, TaK KaK no-
3BOJIHeT $aHepOBaTb o.n;HoBpeMeHHo
HeCKOJIbKO Ha60pOB, He Tpe6YeT 60JIb-
IlI0R nJIoro;ap;H H IIOCTOIDIHoro MeCTa.
He60JIbllllie Ha60pbl (BeJllftIIiHOR
C OTKpbITKY) MO>KHO $aHepOBaTb, 3a-
maB Me>K,IJ;Y nJIOTHbIMH p;epeBHHHbl-
001 npOKJIap;KaMH B 60JIbIllIiX CJIe-
capHblX TIiCKaX.
Cepbe3HbIe 3aTpY)J;HeHIiH BCTpeqa-
lOT pe6HTa IIpH CHHTIlli KJIeeBOR JIeH-
Tbl nOCJIe $aHepOBaHliH. BpyqHYIO
JIeHTY Cqliro;alOT C IIOMOro;blO QIiKJIH
IiJIH llIKypKH, HaBepHYB ee Ha p;e-
peBHHHbrn 6PYCOK. Ho P;JlH 3TOR
onepaQllli MomHO npliMeHliTb H Me-
xaHli3MbI, HanpHMep Bbmyro;eHHYIO
npOMbIllIJIeHHOCTblO yp;06Hyro MaJIO-
ra6apliTHyro YCTaHoBKY MOIO;HOCThlO
80 BT P;JIH HanpHmeHIDI 220 BOJIbT.
TIplicnoc06JIeHlie P;JIH IlIJIH$OBa-
HIDI B YCJIOBIDIX yqe6HbIX MaCTep-
CKIiX pa3pa60TaHo B. .n:. PaRKeBH-
qeM 1. OHO npep;CTaBJIHeT C060R Kpyr-
npHcnoc06JIeHHe K CBepJIHJIbHoMy
cTaHKY (pHC. 66). DJIarOp;apH pe3H-
HOBOR npOKJIap;Ke nOJIyqaeTCH
YCTPORCTBO C nJIaBalOro;eH rOJIOBKOR,
qTO n03BOJIHeT 06pa6aTbIBaTb no-
BepxHocTH, KOTopbIe He Bcerp;a CTpO-
rO rop1i30HTaJIbHbI. Ha>K,IJ;aqHaH
llIKypKa Bblpe3aeTCH no Kpyry p;Ha-
MeTpOM HeCKOJIbKO 60JIblllliM, qeM
1 CM.: X BOp 0 C T 0 B A. C, Pall K e-
B l! 'l B..It IIpl!crroco6JIeHlffi ):\.lliI cPaHepo-
BaHlffi Ii IllJIl!cPoBaHIiH. - llIKOJIa Ii rrpo1f3-
BO):\CTBO, 1977, N2 1.
"j
-
-
....
,-
., ...-
65. <I:>aHepomume B XOMYTOBhIX cTPy6QllHax
P;HCK npHcnoco6JIeHHH. TIo KpaHM
3TOT Kpyr Hap;pe3aeTCH, Ii nO.rry"tIeH-
HaH: 6aXpOMa C nOMO 1O Tyroro pe-
3liHOBOrO >Kry-ra IiIDI npY>KIiHbI npli-
>KIiMaeTCH K p;liCKY.
JIeHTa ct.IMII.1;aeTCH JIerKHMH KpaTKO-
BpeMeHHbIMH npliKocHOBeHHHMH Bpa-
II.1;alOII.1;erOCH p;licKa K nOBepXHOcTH
Ha6opa. TIpH 3TOM Op;Ha PYKa npli-
p;ep>KIiBaeT IlIJIH<pyeMyro p;eTaJIb, no-
CTeneHHO nepeMeII.1;lliI ee nop; p;IiCKOM.
TIpli BpaII.1;eHJrn p;HCKa BbIp;eJUIeTCH
p;peBeCHaH: H a6pa3HBHlliI nbIJIb. J(JIH
ee yp;aJIeHIDI peKoMeHp;yeTcH Cp;eJIaTb
B03,lJ;YIlIHbrn OTCOC H coep;HHliTb ero
C BbITH>KHOH BeHTIiJIHQlieH. Tal< KaK
06'beM pa60T B KpY>KKe 06bI"tIHO He-
BeJIIiK, TO P;JIH yp;aJIeHIDI nbIJIH H3-nop;
BpaII.1;alOII.1;erOCH p;IiCKa MO>KHO IiC-
nOJIb30BaTb 06bI"tIHbrn nbIJIeCOC. Ero
pacnoJIaralOT Ha CTOJIe IiIDI yKpenJIH-
lOT Ha CTeHe TaK, "tITo6bI IIIJIaHr Ii
KOpriyC He MemaJIH pa60Te.
l- >
,
...J
. ....
,
-t-
,. ."
'. I
--.
-
iI;:?t ...41
llIJIH<pOBaJIbHOe npHcnoco6JIeHlie I{
CBepJIHJIbHoMY cTaHKY MO>KHO IiC-
nOJIb30BaTb Ii B HHKpycTaQID1 P;JIH
o6pa6oTlill nOBepXHocTIi, HaCbIII.1;eH-
HOH MeTaJIJIIi"tIeCKHMH BCTaBKaMH.
* * *
.II:JIH HHKpycTaQIiH p;epeBa MeTan-
JIOM rrpHMeHHIOTcH pa3JIlitIHbIe HH-
cTpYMeHTbI H nplicnoco6JIeHHH. Cpe-
P;H HliX - KOCOH H TOPQeBOH HO)-KH,
QHpKYJIb-pe3aK, JIerKID1: MOJIOTO"tIeK,
66. 4epTe)l{ rrpllcrroco6JIeHlliI AJITI lliJ1UiPO-
BaHlliI H CBepJIIUIbHOMY c-raHHY
:g
/80
I.
67. I1HcTPYMeHTbI ):\.lliI MHI<pycTaQIlli ):\epeBa MeTaJIJIOM
npY:>KMHHble HO:>KHMIJ;bI, llIMJIO, I1HH-
IJ;eT, npMcnoc06JIeHMe p,mI M3rOTOB-
JIeHlliI 6IDIllIeI< (pMC. 67).
KocoU HOJ1.C npMMeHHeTCH p,IDI BbI-
nOJIHeHMH npope3eM nop, npOp,OJIb-
Hble MeTaJIJIM'-IeCI<Me BCTaBlGI.
DpOp,OJlbHble npope3M MO:>KHO p,e-
JIaTh M mopije6bLM HOJ1.CO.M, npep,cTaB-
IDIIOIItMM C060M npHMyro CTaJIbHYIO
nOJIOCI<Y, YI<penJIeHHyro B llIapoBMp,-
. HOM p,epeBHHHoM PY'-II<e (pMC. 68).
Pa60qnif I<OHen: nJIaCTMHI<M 3aTa'-IM-
BaeTCH no npMHIJ;MIIY 0601Op,00cTporo
JIe3BHSi. BblcOTa 3a'1'OqI<M - OI<OJIO
20 MM. JIe3BMe p,O.TDI<HO 6bITh OCT-
PbIM, TOHI<lIM, rJIa)J,1«) OTnOJIMpOBaH-
HbIM. 3TMM MHcTpytdeHTOM npOI<aJIbI-
BalOT He TOJIbI<O npope3M nop, npo-
p,OJIbHbIe p,OpO:>KI<lI, HO M p,eJIalOT
HaI<OJIbI nop, HaCeqI<Y.
TOpIJ;eBOM HO:>K, He06xop,MMbIM
I<a:>Kp,OMY yqeHMI<Y, HeCJIO:>KHO M3-
rOTOBMTh B yqe6HbIX MaCTepCI<MX.
l)4
CTaJIbHyro nJIaCTMHHY (OT nOJIOTHa
CTapOM nMJIbI no p,epeBY) 06TaqllBa-
lOT p,O HY:>KHOM llIMpMHbI Ha Ha aI<e.
.II:JIMHa nOJIOCI<lI - 70-85 MM. Ha
TOI<apHOM CTaHI<e BbITa'-IMBaeTCH p,e-
peBHHHaH PyqI<a. B MeCTe Coe)J,MHe-
HIDI PyqI{H co CTaJIbHOM nnaCTMHOM
CBepJIMTCH yrJIy6JIeHMe ()J,MaMeTp
CBepJIa paBeH llIMpMHe nnaCTMHI<M).
r ny6MHa rHe3p,a - 30 MM. B cepe-
p,MflY nonyqeHHOrO yrJIy6JIeHMH
BCTaBJIHeTCH rrnaCTMHI<a p,o yrropa,
a 3aTeM cnpaBa M CJIeBa OT Hee B OC-
TaBlIIYIOCH nYCTOTY B6MBalOTCH Ha
I<JIelO p,epeBHHHble nOJIYI<pyrJIble I<O-
JIbIllII<M. JIMlliHIDl p,peBeCMHa C I<O-
JIbIllII<OB CpegaeTCH; MHCTpYMeHT CY-
llIMTCH p,o OTBepp,eBaHMH I<JIeH. Pyq-
l<a nOI<pblBaeTCH JIaI<OM, a JIe3BMe 3a-
TaqMBaeTCH.
.II:mI npOBep,eHIDI I<pyroBblX yrJIy6-
J1eHMH nOTpe6YeTCH ijUpKy/lb-pe3aK.
OH p,enaeTCH M3 CJIeCapHoro pa3Me-
II
,}
68. TOpl\eBOi! HOH<
I
I
I
I
I
69. HOH<-l\lrpKYJIb
TOQHOrO l1;H:pKYJUI IiIDi H:3 CTapbIX
KaHu;eJIHpCKIiX. HO>KHill..!; (pH:c. 69).
Y pa3MeTOqHoro l1;H:pKynH YKopaQIi-
BaroTCH HO>KK11 ]J,O 90 MM; ogHa 1i3
HO}!{eK 3aTa mBaeTCH Ha 06010l O-
OCTpoe JIe3Blie, ]J,PyraH - Ha H:rJIY
C nJIeqH:KaMli. Ha pa3BO]J,HOH: BIiHT
BHYTpH: HO>KeK HaBepTbIBalOTCH gBe
KpyrJIbIe raH:KIi. OHM: HY>KHbI ]J,JIH
«pIiKcaU;liH: paccToHHIDI Me>KJJ.Y HO)J{-
KaMli U;IiPKYJIH. TaKH:M H:HCTpYMeH-
TOM ]J,eJIaIOTCH npOpe31i pa3JIliqHOrO
pa]J,liyca.
UH:PKYJIb-pe3aK MO)J{HO nonyqH:Tb
Ii Ii3 CTapbIX KaHu;eJUIpCKliX HO>KHH:U;,
Cpe3aB IiX KOHl1;bI ]J,O 25-30 M..'\1 OT
OCIi BIiHTa. O]J,Ha 1i3 HO>KeK 3aTaqH:-
BaeTCH Ha JIe3Blie, ]J,PyraH - Ha onop-
Hyro IirJIY. Coe]J,IiHM:TeJIbHbrn BIiHT
paCKJIenbIBaeTCH, HarJIYXO CKpenJIH.H
HO>KKH: Ha onpe]J,eJIeHHOM pacCTOHHIiH:
]J,Pyr OT ]J,Pyra. "(.ho6bI 3TliM IiHCTPY-
MeHTOM 6bIJIO Y]J,06HO pa6oTaTb, KO-
neql{J1 Ho)I<HmJ; cpe:mIOT H: Ha H:X MeCTe
3aKpenJIHIOT mapom'I;:J:HYIO gepeBHH-
HYIO PyqKY (Hal< Y TopueBoro HO>Ka).
CneAyeT c]J,enaTI, HCCHonbKO CTaU;J10-
HapHbIX J HpKYJie I-pC3aKOB C .pa3-
HblM paCCTOHHHCM MC}l{]J,Y HO>KKaMIi.
Ha rpyrmy B 12,-15 qenOBeK ]J,O-
CTaTOqHO UMCTb 3-,--4 l1;IIPKYJIH-pe-
3aHa.
UIIPKY_'TbHDf.:: npope3b AenaeTC.H C
GonblIIliM. ycmmeM, n03ToMY lirna qa-
CTO pa3pymacT ,gepeBo B MeCTe ono-
pbI Ii KOHHbI npope31I tIaw;e Bcero He
CXO]J,.HTC.H B O.Kpyn{fIOCTb. '(hOGbI 3TO-
ro He CJIyqH.HOCfJ, no)); nrny n0rtCTaB-
n.HIOT M.eTaJ1.:"IHqeCI<I-lii: KPY>KOK C TOH-
KliM OTBepCTlieM B u;eHTpe, BbIpe3aH-
Hbrn ll3 JIaTYHU HJIH Me]J,li.
3JIeMeHThI HlllipYCTaU;HH - npo-
rt0JIbHbIe IIOJIOCKII, OTpe3K1i npOBO-
J10qeK, lIITpUXOBbIe HaCeqKli - BKO-
JIaqHBaIOT B npope3b C IIOMOIl1;b1O
nerKOro ,wemaflflUf.J.eC1<020 MOflOmOf.J.Ka
95
Ha O/lUHHOii PY"4Ke. XOpOll1l1 )];JIH :HO-
ro MOJIOTOLII<JI )];aHTllCTOB. I1x MOmHO
npll06pecTIi B Mara3HHax «Me)];TeX-
HHKa». ECIDI TaKOH B03MO>KHOCTH
HeT, MOJIOTOLII<JI MOmHO H3rOTOBHTb
Ha ypoKax Tpy)];a (raGapHTHble pa3-
MepbI MOJIOTOLIKa nOKa3aHhI Ha Pll-
CYHKe 70). rOJIOBI<JI MOJIOTOLIKOB 3a-
KaJIHBalOT.
"t..!T06hl cpe3aTb U3JIHllIeK rrOJIOChI,
BCTaBJIeHHOH B npopC3b rro)]; HaceLIKY,
rroTpe6YlOTcH npYJKUHHble HOJKHUljbl.
3TO OLIeHb BamHhrn UHcTpYMeHT, 6e3
KOToporo HeJIb3H 3aHllMaTbCH UH-
KpycTaI.\HeM: C HaceLIKOH 113 MeTaJIJIa.
OIlli He06xo)];llNiliI I<amAOMY KPY>K-
KOBU;Y.
B ycnoBuHX Y'-le6HhIX MaCTepCKHX
rrpymuHHbIe HomHHVihI MomHO nepe-
)];enaTb H3 06bILIHbIX ManbIX CJleCap-
HbIX 1. Ha Ham)];aLIHOM Kpyre CHHMa-
eTCH TOJIIIJ;HHa ry6 C BHellIHHX CTOpOH
)];0 2-2,5 MM, CXO)];H K KOHl aM HO>K-
Hlln; nOLITIi Ha HeT. Pa3BHH'-umaeTcH
H CIlliMaeTCH COeAHH.HTenbHbrn 60JIT.
Ha HH>KHeM: rronOBUHe HomHHI OT-
BepcTHe 3eHKyercH, H BMeCTO rrpem-
Hero CTaBHTCH 60JIT C rroTaHHoH ro-
I I1pC):\JIOlliCHHaH I<OHCTPYI<UMH pa3pa6o-
TaHa YQC6HhIMli MaCTCpaMlI OpJIOBCI<OrO rrc):\-
IIHCTlITYTa <P. 11. E( JJI{IIHbIM II B. .il,. Pai1I<C-
BIIQCM.
70. MOJIOTOQCI< .rUIH rlHI<pycfai\lIlI
Yu
JIOBKOM:. CBepxy HaBHH'-IHBaeTCH
rrpe>KHIDI raM:Ka. HO>KHHlI;bI 3amll-
MalOT B THCKH II C nOMOIIJ;blO OTpe3Ka
TPy6bl, HaLIHHaH OT CepeJ];llHbI, 'He-
CKOJIbKO H3ru6alOT BBepx PYLIKH Hom-
HHn;. 3arHYTb HymHo TaK, LIT06bI B
ropH30HTaJIbHOM nOJIO>KeHHH KOHqbI
pYLIeK B03BbIllIaJIHCb Ha)]; nJIOCKO-
CTblO CTOJIa rrpllMepHO Ha 20 MM. IIo-
CJIe)];HIDI OI1CPaI.:\llH - YCTpOM:CTBO
npY>KUHbI. .I(JIH 3Toro B Ka OM: H3
pYLIeK cBepxy CBepJIHTCH 110 CKB03-
HOMY OTBepCTlllO )];HaMeTpoM 2-3 MM.
MecTo CBepJIeHHH OTBepCTHM: - Ha
paccToHHHH 75 1\ '11 OT OCll CoeJ];lllill-
TeJIbHOrO 60JITa. IIpYmHHOM: MO>KeT
6bITb CTaJIbHaH rrpOBOJIOKa (MOmHO
HCnOJIb30BaTh cnHn;y OT BeJIOCHne)];a),
H30rHYTaH 110.D;KOBOM:, BCTaBJIeHHaH
oTorHYTbIMM KpaHMM B rrpocBepJIeH-
HbIe oTBepcTHH U CJIen<a paCKJIenaH-
HaH CHH3Y. B Hepa60LIeM nOnOmemIH
ry6bI HomHHu; AOJImHbI 6bITh pa3Be-
)];eHhI Ha paccToHHHe OKOnO 20 MM
(pHC. 71).
.I(JIH HaKOJII<JI OTBepCTlrn: 110)]; TOp-
n;eBbIe npoBonoLIHble BCTaBKH no-
Tpe6yeTcH 06bILIHoe rrpHMoe UlU/lO.
Ero >KaJIO MO}!{HO H3rOTOBHTb H3 CTa-
pOM: npymllHbI OT MaTpan;a HIDI BeJIO-
CHl1eJ];HOM: crrnn;bl H 3aKpenllTh B BbI-
TOLIeHHoH 6epC30BOM: pYLIKe. .I(JIH cpe-
300
.,
- '-" -- --
.........
'---===-
3amUl BCTaBJIeHHOH B OTBepCnre npo-
BOJIOqlGI nplirOp,HbI Kyca1.f.KU-OCmpo-
ly6ljbl (liX liHOrp,a Ha3bIBaIOT «60KO-
pe3bI» ).'
-y p,ep}!{liBaTb MeJIKlie 3JIeMeHTbI
liHKpYCTaI nr yp,06HO nU1-lljemOM C
IlJIOCKliMH KO aMH. Ero p,eJIaIOT li3
nOJIOTHa liCIlOJIb30BaHHOH CJIeCapHOH
HO>KOBKIi, CTOql1B Ha Ha>K)l;aKe 3y6QbI
Ii Cpe3aB KOHQbI C OTBepCTliHMl1. TIo-
JIyqeHHym nOJIOCKY MeTanna HaKamr-
BaIOT B Cepegl1He 11 rHYT nOnOnaM.
KOI'IQbI Ill1JmeTa peKoMeHp,yeTcH He-
CKOnbKO 3aY3liTb Ha Ha>K,D;aKe. TaKoH
Ill1HQeT MO>KeT 3aMeHliTh <l>a6pliQHbIH.
llIliJIO 11 IlliHQeT p,Om'KHbI 6bITb Ha
Ka>Kp,OM pa60qeM MeCTe.
.II:JlH IlOJIyqemffi KpyrnblX 6nHlIIeI<
IlOTpe6yeTcH cneQl1aJIbHOe Ilplfcno-
C06neHl1e - 6blpy6110U. UlmaMn CO
CTanbHOH MaTpliQeH Ii rryaHcOHOM.
Ero MO>KHO li3rOTOBlfTb Ha ypOKaX
Tpyp,a. MaTpliQa MO>KeT 6bITb I Ii-
JIliHp,pliQeCKOH l1JI1f npHMoyronbHoH
<pOpMhI C 60KOBOH npOpe3bIO p,nH
BKJIap,bIBaHlIH MeTaJIJIliqeCKoro JIIfC-
Ta Ii CKB03HbIM OTBepCTlieM (IlepneH-
)J,lfKynHpHbIM IlpOpe311), B KOTOpOM
IlJIOTHO XO)J,lIT IlyaHCOH. Op,lUI li3
BapliaHTOB 3TOro Ilpl1cnoco6neHliH
IlOKa3aH Ha plicYHKe 72. EmlllIlGI BbI-
py6aIOTcH CJIep,YIO l1M o6pa30M: ny-
aHCOH BbIHIfMaIOT 1-13 OTBepCTIfH, B
60KOBym IlpOpe3b 3aKJIa)J,blBaIOT KpaH
JIIfCTa. TIyaHcoH BBOp,HT B OTBepCTlie
Ii y)J,apHIOT IlO HeMY cBepxy MOnOT-
KOM, MaTpImY IlpliIlOp,Hl1MaIOT Ii CHIf-
3Y 6epYT rOToBym 6JIHIlIKY. "llT06bI
He IlOBpe)J,IfTb nyaHcoH, IlOp, MaTplf-
I eii )J,on>KHa HaXO)J,liTbCH )J,epeBHHHaH
nOBepxHOcTb.
Tal{ Kal< B KOMIl0311Qlil1 MorYT
6bITb 6nHllIIGI pa3nliqHOH BenlfQl1HbI,
B KpymKe HY>KHO l1MeTh HeCKonbKO
l
I
I
i
L,,_
71. HOH<HliQhI C npY:;'EI1HHIl\llMH py'm:aMH
72. Bhlpy6HOii: UITaMII gJIH 6JIHIlleI<
, ,
17
--
=:
73. I1HcTpYMeHThI gJIH HaI<JIaJ\Hoii <pllJIll-
rpaHll
97
\\
,'\\
I j
I ,
i
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il f
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I,
), , ,
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I/, "
. /I %'1 '.
a b B
74. PHcymill OCHOBHhIX qeRaHOB JUI IlIIWJIbHOrO RpY)l{Ra
IIpliCIIOC06JIemfli: C pa3JIliqHbIMM: pa3-
MepaMM: IIyaHcoHa.
,I:(JlH BbIIIOJIHeHliH HaKJIap;HOii qm-
JIlirpaIU:I Ha p;epeBHHHoii oCHOBe, IIO-
MliMO llIliJIa, JIerKOrO MOJIOTOqKa,
npliMeIDuoTCR Ii CIIen;HaJIbHbIe liH-
cTpYMeHTbI. TIliHn;er P;JlH MOp;eJIlipO-
BaHIDI 3JIeMeHTOB qmJIlirpaIU:I MO}f{HO
li3rOTOBliTb TaK }f{e, KaK Ii P;JlH liH-
KpycTan;1i1i Ii3 IIOJIOTHa cJIecapHoii
HO}f{OBKlI, HO KOHn;bI ero 3aocTpliTb
(pliC. 73). ,IJ;JlH 3aKpyqHBaHIDI 3JIe..
MeHTOB liHKpYCTan;IDI B CIIlipaJIbHbIe
<pOPMbI liCIIOJIb3yeTcH K/l1O'I/. U3 Cma/lb-
HoU np060/l0KU mrn Ii3 06bIQHOrO
rB03p;H. B IU:I}f{Heii, pa60Qeii QaCTIi,
CTOQeHHOii ropli30HTaJIbHO, p;eJIaeTCH
IIpHMoyrOJIbHbn1 IIpOIIarr HO}f{OBKOii
liJIH Y3KlIM Hap;<pliJIeM. 3TllM II3,30M
3aXBaTbIBaerCH KOHen; IIpOBOJIOKIi Ii
9!)
BparqeHMeM BOKpyr OCM 3aKpYQHBa-
eTCH B CIIlipaJIbHbIe <pOPMbI. "llT06bI
TaKlIM liHCTpYMeHTOM 6bIJIO yp;06HO
pa6OTaTb, ero 3aKpeIIJIHIOT B PYQKY.
* * *
OCHOBHbIe MHCTpYMeHTbI P;JIH
IIJIOCKOpeJIbe<pHoii QeKaHKlI - 'l/.eKa-
Hbl M }.to/lOmKU Cnen;MaJIbHOii <POp MbI.
"4eKaHbI - 3TO CTaJIbHbIe CTep>KHH C
3aTOQeHHOii 60eBoii QaCTbIO. ,I:(JIMHa
QeKaHa KOJIe6JIeTCH OT 120 p;o 180 MM.
Pa3JIMQalOT HeCKOJIbKO OCHOBHbIX
rpYIIII QeKaHOB. ,I:(JlH IIJIOCKOpeJIbe<p-
Hoii QeKaHKM IIoTpe6YIOTcH JIorqaT-
IU:lKIi, paCXOp;IU:lKlI, QeKaHbI - AaBliJIb-
HHKlI (JiX Hepep;KO Ha3bIBalOT «YTIO}f{-
KaMM») Ii KaH<papHliKlI (pHC. 74).
JIoUtamHU1<. - 3TO QeKaH C nJIO-
CK9 BbIpOBHeHHoii 60eBoii QaCTbIO B
Blip;e Kpyra, KBap;paTa, npHMoyrOJIb-
HliKa. TIpOCTOH: qeKaH nOJIyqaeTCH li3
KepHepa, eCmi y HerO CTOqHTh OCTplie.
11M MO>l<HO BOCnOJIb30BaTbCH B Ha-
qaJIbHOH: CTap;IDi pa60TbI KpY>KKa.
TI03>Ke K JIOW;aTlnu-<y - CTOqeHHOMY
KepHepy - HY>KHO npli6aBliTb He-
CKOJIbKO Cne liaJIbHO Cp;eJIaHHbIX qe-
KaHOB C 60JIee nmpOKoH: nJIOCKOCTbIO
«60H» .
. PaCXOOHU1<, liJIIi 06BOP;HOH: qeKaH,
liMeeT KaK 6bI paCnJIIOw;eHHyro Ii
HeCKOJIbKO 3aOCTPeHHyro <POPMY 60e-
BOH: qaCTIi, HanOMliHalOw;yIO OTBepT-
KY (pliC. 74, a).
/{a6U/lbHU1< -( «YTIO>KOK»), KaK Ii pac-
XOP;HliK, liCnOJIb3yeTcH P;mI yrJIy6JIe-
HlliI KOHTYp0B. TOJIbKO pacxop;HliKOM
06BOP;HT KOHTypb yp;apHH no HeMY
MOJIOTKOM, a p;aBliJIbHliK 3a>KliMalOT
B KYJIaKe Ii C CliJIOH: npoBoAHT no Me-
TaJIJIY.
KaH(j3apHuK npep;CTaBJIHeT c060H:
HeqTO Bpop;e KpynHOH: npliTynJIeHHOH:
IIIBeH:HoH: lirJIbl. CJIep; OT Hero Ha no-
BepXHocrn MeTaJIJIa BbITIDIp;m BMH-
TOH: TOqKOH:. HepeAKO KaH<papHM:KOM,
HaHOCH yp;ap sa Y.aapOM, nepeBop;HT
PliCYHOK C 6YMarH Ha MeTaJIJI, KpOMe
Toro, 3THM qeKaHOM npliAalOT mepo-
XOBaTO-MaTOByro <PaKTYPY p;eKopa-
TliBHblM 3JIeMeHTaM KOMn03liUID1.
TIepeqliCJIeHHble rpynllbI qeKaHOB
HBJIHIOTCH OCHOBHbIMH P;mI nJIOCKO-
'peJIbe<pHOH: qeKaHKIi. .II:mI qeKaHKIi
Ha CMOJIe, KpOMe Ha3BaHHbIX, liCnOJIb-
3YlOTCH p;OnOJIHliTeJIbHble rpynllbI qe-
KaHOB - nypOIIIHM:KH Ii 6060IIIHIiKH.
nYPOUlHUKU liMelOT c<pepliqecKyro 60-
eByro rOJIOBKY pa3JIHqHOrO pap;liyca
3aKpyrJIeHlliI. Eo6oUlHUKU OTJIliqaIOT-
CH npOp;OJIrOBaTOH:, 3aOBaJIeHHOH,
3JIHnCOBlip;HOH: YTOJIw;eHHoH: 60eBOH:
qaCTblO, qeM-TO HanoMHHalOw;eH: 606.
"lleKaHbl, KaK npaBHJIO, .n;eJIalOT li3
CTaJIbHoro npyra pa3JIHqHoro ceqe-
HHH. Xoponme liHcTpYMeHTbI nOJIyqa-
IOTCH li3 apMaTypHoro npYTKa. OH
HMeer rJIy60KHe KOCble 60P03P;bl,
KOTopble C03p;a1OT yp;06Hyro pa60-
qylO nOBepXHOCTb P;JIH naJIb eB PYK.
.II:aBliJIbJillK MO>KHO Cp;eJIaTb li3 3a-
rOTOBKH IlleCTlirpaHHOrO CeqeHliH
(pHC. 74,6). TIpenop;aBaTeJIb nep;-
yqHJIHw;a Ii3 r. Y cTb-JIa6HHcKa
H. TI. IIIYMHJIllli npep;JIaraeT HCnOJIb-
30BaTb nop; p;aBliJIbJillKH BbIIllep;nme
H3 ynoTpe6JIeHIDI TpexrpaHHble Ha-
nHJIbHliKH (pliC. 74,6).
DbIBalOT cJIyqali, Korp;a B qeKaHKe
OTp;eJIbHble yqaCTKH KOMll031i IDi no-
JIyqalOTCH qpe3MepHo BbmYKJIbIMH.
l.h06bI I1X npliraClITb, HY>KHO BOC-
nOJIb30BaTbCH oepe6RHHblMU "4eKaHa-
,'dUo 3TO 6PYCKH Ii3 TBepp;bIX nopop;
(p;y6a, 6YKa, rpa6a, KJIeHa, 6epe3bI)
CeqeHlieM B cpep;HeM 15 x 15 MM npH
BblCOTe p;o 200 MM. OHM: Moryr 6blTb
TOHbilie RJIH HeCKOJIbKO MaCCHBHee B
3aBHCHMocrn OT xapaKTepa pa60TbI.
DoeByro qaCTb qeKaHa BblcTpyrRBalOT
no Tliny MeTaJIJIliqeCKOH: (pliC. 75),
TIuaTeJIbHO BbIPaBHliBalOT HanHJIbJill-
KOM, nIJIH<pYIOT Ha>«;:J;aqHoH: 6YMaroH:,
qT06bI YCTpaHliTb BCHKoro pop;a He-
pOBHocrn Ha pe6pax Ii rpaHHx.
TIo p;epeBHHHbIM qeKaHaM y.aapH-
lOT p;epeBHHHOH: KURHKOU., no MeTaJI-
JIHqeCKHM - Cne HaJIbHblM MOJIOTOq-
KOM.
MO/lOmKU no Becy H pa3Mepy p;OJI>K-
HbI COOTBeTCfBOBaTb B03pacTHbIM
B03MO>KHOCTHM IllKOJIbHM:KOB Ii xa-
paKTepy npo<peCCliOHaJIbHblX p;BR>Ke-
Hllii:. .II:mI 3aHHTllii: qeKaHKOH:, rp;e
rrpliXOP;liTCH B TeqeJille p;JIHTeJIbHOrO
BpeMeJill HaHOCliTb qaCTble yp;apbI nO
qeKaHY, HY>KeH Cne HaJIbHbrn 06JIer-
Y9
I
I I I
II
I'll
, I II
I'
'
!'
III
IY
75. MeTaJIJIIIqecI<Illi qeI<aH (I), p;epeBHHHhIl'
qeI<aHhI (II-IV)
qeHHbrn MOJIOTOH C orrpep;eJIeHHOM
<POp MOM rOJIOBlill H pyqHH. TOJIbHO
Ha rrepBOHaqaJIbHblX 3aHHTHHX 803-
MomHO HCrrOJIb30BaHHe JIerHHX CJIe-
capHblX MOJIOTHOB. B p;aJIbHeMIIleM
HymeH CrreIJ;HaJIbHbrn MOJIOTOH. ro-
JIOBHa MOJIOTHa MomeT BeCHTb OT 70
p;o 120-130 r. EOJIee THmeJIbIMH
HHcTpYMeHTaMH (p;o 250-300 r) pa-
60TalOT MacTepa.
MOJIOTOH HMeeT oc06yro <POPMY
(pHC. 76). Op;Ha H3 CTOpOH ro-
JIOBl{If MOJIOTHa rrpep;Ha3HaqeHa P;JIH
76. MOJIOTOI< P;JIH qeKamm,
100
L.
yp;apoB rro qeHaHY. OHa p;OJImHa
6bITb rrJIOCHOM H p;OCTaTOqHO IIlHpO-
HOM, qT06bI IIlHOJIbHHH He Mor rrpo-
MaXHYTbCH, Horp;a Bce ero BHHMaHHe
cocpep;OTOqeHO Ha qeHaHHOM peJIbe-
<pe. 3m qaCTb MOJIOTHa MOmeT 6bITb
HpyrJIOM HJill I<Bap;paTHoM.
.II:pyraH cTopoHa rOJIOBl{If MOJIOTHa
BbITOqeHa IIlapo06pa3Ho. EIO rrOJIb-
3YIOTCH rrpH BbJl{OJIOTHe HpyrrHbIx
peJIbe<p0B Ha JillCTOBOM MaTepHaJIe.
113roToBJIeHHe MOJIOTOqHOB MomHO
BHJIIOqHTb 8 rrepeqeHb 06"beHTOB TPY-
p;a, BblrrOJIHHeMbIX IIlHOJIbHMHaMH Ha
ypoHax B yqe6HbIX MacTepclillx.
Tal< I<aJ{ rOJIOBHa MOJIOTHa P;JIH
qeHaHl{If HMeeT CJIOmHyro <pacoHHyro
rrOBepXHOCT CJIep;yeT rrpH ee H3ro-
TOBJIeHHH PYHOBOp;CTBOBaTbCH MapIIl-
PYTHOM H OrrepaIJ;HOHHOM HapTaMH 1 .
B OTp;eJIbHblX CJIyqaHX MomeT rro-
Tpe60BaTbCH 60JIee Mac:CHBHbrn HH-
cTpYMeHT HJill MOJIOTOH C HHOM <pop-
MOM rOJIOBl{If (pHC. 77).
PyqHa P;JUI MOJIOTHa p;eJIaeTCH H3
HpeIll<OM, HO HeCJIOHCTOM p;peBecHHbl
(rrpHHOMJIeBaH qaCTb 6epe3bl, l{JIeHa,
I CM.: X BOp 0 C T 0 B A. c., TI a p-
<p e HOB A. .Ix. T eXHOJIOrJ1H J13rOTOBJIeHJ1H
IIHCTpYMeHTOB P;JIH qeI<aHI<J1. - llII<oJIa II
npoII3BoP;CTBO, 1977, NQ 6.
-... :->-.
77. Pa3HOB HOCTll rOJIOBllli MOJIOTKa P;JUI qeKaHllli
rpa6a, 6YKa). P KM p;OJImHbI 6bITb
HeCKOJIbKO H30mYTbIMM H HMeTb
YTOJI:r.u;eHHe Ha KOHu;e? KOTOpOe yp;o6-
HO JIOmHTCH B JIap;OHb (pHC. 76).
MHcTPYMeHTbI, BbIIIOJIHeHHble Yt.J:a-
:r.u;HMHCH, HymHo 3aKaJIHBaTb B MY-
<peJIbHOM IIet.J:H. I10cJIe 3aKaJIKH HX
ot.J:H:r.u;aIOT OT OKaJIHHbI, llIJIH<PYIOT,
MOJIOTOt.J:KM HacamHBaIOT Ha p KM,
KOTopble IIoKpbIBaIOT JIaKOM.
.II:JUI qeKaHHblX pa60T Heo6xop;HMbI
cmaflbHble H C6UH1jo6ble nflumbl, pe-
3UH06ble npoKflaoKu. CTaJIbHble IIJIH-"
TbI HymHbI P;JUI YIIJIOTHemm Ha HHX
Yt.J:acTKoB <pORa t.J:eKaHKH. XOpOlliH
P;JUI 3THX pa60T IIoBepot.J:Hble IIJIHTbI.
Haxop;HT IIpHMeHeHHe H qyrYHHble
YTIOrH. Ha HX IIop;OllIBe MomHO t.J:e-
KaHMTb, eCJIH 3amaTb P KY YTIOra
B THCKax. TaKYIO HaKOBaJIbHlO MomHO
HCIIOJIb30BaTb P;JUI qeKaHHblX pa60T
60JIbllIOrO pa3Mepa, eCJIH ee 3aIIop;-
JIHU;O BMOHTHpOBaTb B p;epeBHH-
HyIO IIJIHTY HJIH KPbIlliKY pa6ot.J:ero
crOJIa.
.IJ.;m IIOp;KJIap;KM IIOP; t.J:eKaHKY IIO-
pOM Heo6xop;HMa IIJIHTa H3 CBHHu;a.
Ee MomHO Cp;eJIaTb, paCIIJIaBlffi B CTa-
pOM CKoBopop;e Ha Kocrpe oTpa6o-
TaHHble IIJIaCTHHbI aKKYMYJIHTOpOB.
BMecro pe3HHoBoM IIpoKJIap;KM Mom-
HO HCIIOJIb30BaTb xOKKeMHYIO llIaM6y,
BMOHTHpoBaHHYIO 3aIIOp;JIHu;o B p;e-
peBHHHYIO IIJIHTY.
I1pou;ecc H3rOTOBJIeHIDI H HCIIOJIb-
30BaHIDI paccMoTpeHHblX HHcTpYMeH-
TOB H IIpHCIIOCo6JIeHHM II03BOJIHeT
Yt.J:a:r.u;HMcH, 3aHHMaIO:r.u;HMCH xyp;ome-
cTBeHHoM o6pa6oTKoM MaTepHaJIOB,
IIpHo6pecTH u;eJIbrM PM TPyp;OBbIX
HaBbIKoB, II03HaKOMHTbCH C pa3JIHt.J:-
HbIMM TeXHOJIOrHt.J:eCKMMM IIpoU;ecca-
MH, IIpH06:r.u;HTbCH K c03p;aHHIO o6:r.u;e-
CTBeHHO IIOJIe3HbIX H3p;eJIHM.
L'1.-JUA }It
TEXH""'KA 1.11 TEXHOnOrl.llJl I.IICnOflHEHI.IIJI
,lJ.EKOPATI.IIBHbIX PA60T
XYLJ:O}J{ECTBEHHAR OEl' AEOTKA .!J:EPEBA
X y,n;omeCTBeHHbIe pa60TbI no ,n;e- He HapyrnaeTcH xapaKTep ,n;epeBHH-
peBY - O,n;HH H3 Hi:m:60J1ee ,n;peBHHx Hoif nOBepxHocTH. B Heif JIHllIb BbI6H-
BH,n;OB ,n;eKopaTHBHoro HCKyccTBa, r,n;e paIOTcH He60J1brnHe yrJ1y6J1eHlffi KOH-
BO BceM MHoro06pa3HH OTpa3HJ10Cb TypHoro, KJIHHoBH,n;Horo HJIl1 60J1ee
TBOpqeCTBO Hapo,n;HblX MacTepoB. npOH3BOJIbHOrO BH,n;a.
Pe3bOO no ,n;epeBY HBJ1HeTCH Ha- PeJ1be<pHaH pe3b6a pemeTcH 3Ha-
I.J;HOHaJIbHbIM BH,n;OM npHKJ1a,n;Horo HC- qHTeJ1bHO rny6me. Be :,lJ1eMeHTbI BbI-
KyccTBa ,n;JUI MHorHX Hapo,n;oB Harneif COKO BbIcTynaIOT Ha.D; <pOHOM, nopoif
cTpaHbI. nOqTH oTpbIBaHCh OT Hero H npH6JIl1-
3a ,n;OJ1ryIO HCTOpmo c eCTBOBa- maHCh K 06"beMHOif, CKYJ1bnTypHoif
HlliI HCKyccTBa pe3b6bI no ,n;epeBY 6bI- pe3b6e.
J10 c03,n;aHo HeMaJ10 ee pa3Ho06pa3- B npope3Hoif, HJIl1 amypHoif, pe3b-
HblX BH,n;OB. OHH OTJIHqaIOTCH pa3- 6e ,n;eKopaTHBHOCTh ,n;epemIHHoif nJ10-
J1HQHOif CTeneHbIO BbIpa3HTeJ1bHOCTH CKOCTH ,n;ocTHraeTcH rryTeM CKB03HO-
H CJIOmHOCTH HCnOJ1HeHHH. IlIHpoKo ro BbInHJ1HBaHHH HJ1H BbICBepJ1HBa-
H3BecTHa, HanpHMep, 06"beMHaH pe3- Hlffi <pOHa. KnaCCWIeCKHMH npHMepa-
HaH 60ropo,n;CKaH HrpyrnKa, nOJIHaH MH 3TOro BH)J;a pa60T HBJ1HIOTCH
,n;06poro IOMopa. I10pamaeT HeHCTO- amypHbIe HaJ1HQHHKH, npHQeJ1HHbI,
HMOif BbI,n;YMKoif H HeH3MeHHoif Ha- n0J10TeHl1;a Ha PYCCKHX H36ax.
PMHOCTbIO ,n;OMOBbIH: npope3Hoif 1'13 pa3JIHqJIbIX BH,n;OB pe3HbIX pa-
Y30P. Ho CaMbIMH 60raTbIMH no pa3- 60T HaH60nee npocTbI H npHeMJIeMbl
Ho06pa3mo MomHO CQHTaTh nnOCKO- ,n;JUI nepBOHaQaJ1bHbIX 3aHHTHH IDI0C-
peJ1be<pHbIe BH,D;bI pe3b6bI no ,n;epeBY. KOpeJ1be<pHble pe3b6bI. Tal< KaK 3TO
Cpe,n;u HHX H3BeCTHbI TpexrpaHHo- cpaBHHTeJ1bHO npocTbIe cnoc06bl ,n;e-
BbIeMQaTaH, 3aOBaJ1eHHaH C no,n;yrneQ- KOpHpOBKH ,n;epeBHlIHoif nOBepXHOC-
HbIM H no,n;06paHHbIM <pOHOM, KOH- TH, npaKTWIeCKH ,n;ocTynHbIe JII060MY
TypHaH, a TaKme peJ1be<pmm pe3b6a. IiIKOJlbHOMY KpymKY, OHH 3aCJIymH-
I1pH nJ10CKOpeJlbe<pHblX pe3b6ax BaIOT 60J1ee no,n;p06Horo onHcaHIDI.
TPExrp AHHO-BbIEM"t.']A T A5I (rEOMETPI1QECKA5I) PE3bEA
3TOT BH)J; pe3b6bI xapaKTepeH ,n;J1H
HCKYCCTBa Hapo,n;HblX MaCTepOB ca-
MbIX pa3JIHQHbIX HaI.J;HOHaJlbHOCTeif.
102
reOMeTpHQeCKaH pe3b6a BCTpeQaeT-
CH B HCKyccTBe Hapo,n;oB Cpe,n;HeH
A3HH, KaBKa3a, Ha rrpe,n;MeTax
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78. IIpHMepbI HCnOJIb30Bamffi reOMeTpHtIeCKOll pe3b6b1: a) B.' CaZ/lUaHu. CBaHcKilli TpOH;
6) p;arp;raJIbI - pop;OBbIe 3HaKH; 6) JIonaCTh npHJ1Kll
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79. cJJeoomo6 A,leKcaHop. IlIKaTYJIKa. reo-
MeTplitIeCKaH pe3b6a
6bITa HapOp;OB .I(aJlbHerO BOCTOKa
If KpaEnero CeBepa. OHa If3BeCT-
Ha B TIpIf6aJITIfKe, H3 YKpaIfHe If BO
Bcex yrOJl!(ax POCCIfIf. H 3Hru;HbIe
rrpHJIKlf C reOMeTpWIeCKOE pe3b60E
p;eJIaJIl1 MaCTepa ApXaHreJIbCKOE, Bo-
80. /{YPHe6 A,1eKcaHop, Wy.MaKo6 Apmyp.
Pe3HhIe JIOlliKlI
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104
.,'.,
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JIOrOp;CKOE, TICKOBCKOE, 5IpOCJIaB-
CKOE, KaJIIfIlliHCKOE If MHOrIfX p;py-
rIfX 06JIaCTeE PocClm.
TpexrpaHHo-BbIeMqaTaH pe3b6a If
ceilqac B rrOqeTe Y Hapop;HblX MaCTe-
pOB. JIapIJ;bI, llIKaTYJIKIf, cyxapHIf-
IJ;bI, XJIe6HIfIJ;bI If p;pyrIfe If3p;eJIIfH If3
p;epeBa, YKpallIeHHbIe pe3b60il, BbI-
rrYCKaIOT rrpep;rrpIfHTIDI Hapop;HbIX
xyp;omecTBeHHblX rrpOMbICJIOB YK-
paIfHbI, KIfpOBCKOil, MOCKOBCKOil 06-
JIacTeil.
YBJIeKaIOTCH reOMeTpIfqeCKOil pe3b-
60il If llIKOJIbHIfKlf. MHoro JIeT Tpex-
rpaHHo-BbIeMqaTaH pe3b6a BXOP;MT B
rrporpaMMY Tpyp;oBoro 06yqeHIDI M
BO BHeKJIaCCHyro pa60TY cpep;Heil
llIKOJIbI N2 5 r. XOTbKOBO MOCKOB-
CKoil 06JIaCTM. Herrocpep;cTBeHHoe 06-
ru;eHMe C M3BeCTHbIMlf MaCTepaMlf, pa-
. 60TaIOru;MMlf Ha XOTbKOBCKOil <pa6PM-
Ke pe3HbIX xyp;omeCTBeHHblX M3P;e-
JIMil, rr03BOJIHeT yqaru;MMCH coxpa-
HHTb Tpap;MIJ;MOHHbIe rrpMeMbI p;eKO-
pMpoBaHMH p;epeBHHHblX M3p;eJIMil
(pMC. 79). 3TlfM BMP;OM p;eKopaTIfBHo-
rrpMKJIaD;HOrO MCKyccTBa YBJIeKaIOTCH
yqaru;MecH KpymKa cpep;Heil llIKO-
JlbI N2 5 r. OpJIa. PYKOBOp;m MX pa-
60TOM CTyp;eHTbI-p;MrrJIOMHMKlf xyp;o-
mecTBeHHo-rpa<pMqeCKOrO <PaKYJIbTe-
Ta OpJIOBCKOro rrep;MHCTMTYTa. Ha-
rrpaBJIHIOT p;eHTeJIbHOCTb cTyp;eHToB-
rrperrop;aBaTeJIb rrep;MHCTMTYTa
A. C. EJIM3HIOK M yqMTeJIb A. A. Ero-
peHKoB (pMC. 80).
.I(JIH 3aHHTI1i1: reoMeTpWIecKoil
pe3b60il He06xop;lfM OP;MH MHCTpy-
MeHT - Kocoil Hom. OH p;OJImeH 6bITb
3aTOqeH OqeHb OCTpO M OTrrOJIMpOBaH.
TIpM TyrroM Home pe3b6a 6yp;eT BH-
JIoil, llIepoxoBaToil, a p;eTaJIl1 pe3b6bI
6yp;yr qaCTO 06JIaMbIBaTbCH M BblKpa-
llIMBaTbCH. I10JIMPYIOT Hom H3 BOH-
1!1!!'
=
JIOqJIOM Kpyre C rracToM rOM. ECJIl-r
Kpyra HeT, MO)fmO HCrrOJTh30BaTb KY-
COqeK BOHJIOKa 01' cTaporo BaJIeHKa
HJIH rrOJIOCKY KOH<1I 01' peMHH, KOTO-
pbIe HarnpalOT rracToH; rrOJIHpyroT
06e rrJIOCKOCTH Homa. 3epKaJIbHO 01'-
rrOJIHpOBaHHoe JIe3BHe Homa )];aeT
qlfCTbIM, COqHbIH: cpe3.
TpexrpaHHo-BbIeMqaTYIO pe3b6y
MomHO BbIIIOJIHHTb Ha JII060H )];pe-
BeCHHe - TOrrOJIe, JIHrre, OCHHe, OJTh-
xe, 6epe3e, KJIeHe, COCHe, eJIH, HceHe,
)];y6e H )];pyrHx rropo.r:\ax.
KOMII03H IDI B 3TOM BH)];e pe3b6bI
CKJIa)];bIBaeTCH H3' Y30POB, KOTopbIe
BbIpa60TaHbI MHOrOBeKOBbIM orrbI-
TOM HapO)];HblX pe3QHKOB. OCHOBHOH
3JIeMeHT Y30POB - mpeYZO/lbHUK.
HaqaTb OCBoeHHe pe3b6bI HymHo
C BbIpe3aHIDI ee cBoe06pa3HOH a36y-
KH, BKJIlOqalO ell OCHOBHbIe 3JIe-
MeHTbI 3Toro BH,IJ;a pe3b6bI. I1oTpe6y-
eTCH )];epeBHHHaH 3arOTOBKa rrpHMO-
yrOJIbHOM HJIH KBa.r:\paTHOM <pOpMbI.
Ee pa3MepbI - 150-220 MM rrpH
TOJII.I.\HHe 15-25 MM.
ECJIH eCTb B03MomHOCTb, rrepBbIe
yrrpamHeHHH, B TOM 4HCJIe H 31'0 3a-
)];aHHe, JIyqIIIe BbIrrOJIHHTb Ha Mfl:rKHX
rropo)];ax - TOrrOJIe, JIHrre HJIH OJIbXe,
OCHHe. 3arOTOBKa )];OJImHa 6bITb XO-
pOIIIO BbICTporaHa, He HMeTb cyqKOB
H .r:\pyrHX )];peBeCHblX rropOKOB, )];e-
JIalO HX MaTepHaJI HerrpHrO)];HbIM.
Hom rrpH reoMeTpWIecKoH pe3b6e
.r:\epmaT 3amaTbIM B KYJIaKe. 31'0 CBH-
3aHO C TeM, qro )];peBeCHHa - MaTe-
pHaJI )];OCTaTOqHO TBep)];bIH: H, qT06bI
yr.rry6HTbcH B Hee, Tpe6YlOTcH 3Ha-
qHTeJIbHbIe YCHmm. naJIb bI PYI<H,
CB060)];HOH 01' Homa, TaKme rrOCTOHH-
HO yqacTBYIOT B pa60Te - HarrpaBJIH-
101' JIe3BHe Homa, rrOMoralOT ero .r:\BH-
meHHIO, KOr)];a HymHo, C)];epmHBalOT
YCHJIHH. 3TOH PYKOH H y)];epmHBalOT
HerrO)];BHmHO 33rOTOBKY.
Pa3MeTKY Y30POB rrpOH3BO)];HT
rrpocTbIM KapaH)J;aIIIOM C rrOMOI.IV>1O
yrOJIbHHKa H JIHHeMKH. .1J,.mI HeKOTO-
pblX Y30POB rroTpe6yeTcH H HPKYJTh.
Pe3b6a rrOJIy'.raeTCH BbIpa3HTeJIbHOH,
eCJIH Bce 3JIeMeHTbI qeTl{O BbIqepqH-
BaIOTCH. Pa60T)' BbIIIOJIHHIOT TaK:
co Bcex qeTbIpex CTOpOH )];epeBHHHoH
)];OI.I.\eqKH OT4epqHBalOT rroJUI IIIHPH-
HOH 10 MM. I1JIOI.I.\a,r:;;h, KOTopaH 06pa-
30BaJIaCb BHYTPH rrOJIeH, 6y)];eT 3a-
rrOJIHeHa rrOJIOCKaMH Y30pOB. Cpe)];H
HHX eCTb O)];HHOqJIbIe H )];BOHHbIe.
IlIHpHHa O)];HHOqHOrO Y30pa - 10 MM,
)];BOHHOro - 20 MM; paccToHHHe Mem-
JJ.Y rrOJIOCKaMH - 5 MM.
HaH60JIee rrpocTo BbIIIOJIHHeTCH
O)];HHOqHbIH: 3JIeMeHT CKO/lblUlKU
(pHC. 81, Bepxmrn JIeBbrn PH.r:\). CKO-'
JIbIIIIKH pa3MeqalOTCH KaK paBHo-
CTopoHHHe HJIH paBH06e)];peHHbIe rpe-
yrOJIbHHKH. BbIpe3alOTcH OHH TaK.
Hom 3aH<1IMalOT B KYJIaKe H rrorpy-
malOT ero B )];epeBO BepTHKaJIbHO rro-
Oqepe)];HO rro )];BYM cTopoHaM Tpe-
yrOJIbHHK CXO)];HI.I.\HMCH K BepxHeH
BepIIIHHe, rrpHqeM y BepIIIHHbI Hom
)];OJImeH yr.rry6HTbcH Ha 3-4 MM,
a OKOJIO OCHOBaHHH TpeyrOJIbHHKa
BbIHrn Ha rrOBepXHOCTb. 3aTeM, Ha-
qHHaH 01' OCHOBaHHH H yrJIy6JIHHCb
K BepIIIHHe, HomOM CHHMaIOT, KaK 6bI
CKaJIbIBalOT yqaCTOK )];peBeCHHbI
Mem)];y rrO)];pe3aHHbIMH CTopOHaMH.
q T06bI rrOJIyqHTb HaBblli B BbIIIOJIHe-
HHH CKOJIbIIIIKOB, pe3b60M rrOKpbIBa-
101' BCIO rrOJIOcy.
O)];HHOqHbrn Y30P mpeYZO/lbHUK pa3-
MeqaeTCH BHaqaJIe TaK me, KaK H
CKOJIbIIIIKH - B BH)];e paBH06e)];peH-
HblX TpeyrOJIbHHKOB. 3aTeM Kam)];bIH
H3 TpeyrOJIbHHKOB, CTOHI.UHX Ha OC-
105
, .
lj
81. A36YI<a reOMeTplI'ICCI<Oll pe'3b6bI
.....,,1 ......
--'-"
i -
,
HOBaHIDf, ));eJU-ITCH JIMHMHMM Ha 3 qa-
CTM (Ha pMC. 81 3TOT Y30P BTopon
cBepxy). 3TOT Y30P BblIIOJIHHeTCH
TaK: Hom, 3amaTbIll B KYJIaKe, BTbI-
KaeTCH BepTMKaJIbHO B TOqKY, r));e
CXO));HTCH JIyqJi. fle3BMe Homa Ha-
npaBJIeHO no JIy-qy. B caMon TOqKe
Hom yrJIy6JIHeTCH Ha 3-4 MM, a B
BepnIMHe yrJIa BbIXO));1IT Ha nOBepx-
HOCTb. Tal< yrJIy6JIHeTCH Hom no BceM
TpeM JIyqaM. 3aTeM, HaqMHaH OT Kam-
.r:\on CTOpOHbI TpeyrOJIbHMKa, nOCTe-
neHHO yrJIy6JIIDICb B TOqKe CXom));e-
lllffi JIyqen, cpe3aeTcH JIMIIIHIDI ));pe-
BernHa. I10JIy-qaeTcH TpeyrOJIbHMK,
yrJIy6JIeHHbIll no TpeM nJIOCKOCTHM.
Tal< BbIpe3aeTcH Kam));bIll M3 Tpe-
yrOJIbHHKOB no .r:\JIMHe Bcen nOJIOCbI.
CJIe.r:\yroIU;Mll Y30P - l/enO'l/,KU. 3TO
yme 3IIaKOMbIll HaM TpeyrOJIbHMK,
TOJIbKO 3epKaJIbHO eMY CHM3Y npM-
pMCOBaHa TaKaH me qmrypa. 3TO
nepBbIll ));BOnHOn Y30p. I1pM ero
BblIIOJIHeHIDf CHaqaJIa BbIpe3aroTcH
BepxHMe TpeyrOJIbHMKM, a 3aTeM HMm-
HIle.
E JIM HapMcoBaTb CKOJIbIIIIKM, 3a-
TeM pa3MeTMTh no)); BbIpe3aHMe Tpe-
yrOJIbHMKM, nOBepHYTbIe BepIIIMHon
BHM3, M K HMM CHM3Y 3epKaJIbHO npM-
pMCOBaTh TaI<yro me nOJIOCKY, TO
B03HMKaeT .r:\BonHon Y30P n0.r:\ Ha3Ba-
HIleM PO.M6bl.
BumeUKa nOJIy'-IaeTCH, eCJIM no));
nOJIOCKOn TpeyrOJIbHMKOB, pa3Me-
qeHHblX, KaI< B npe));bI.r:\YIU;eM CJIY'-Iae,
nOMeCTMTh TaKYro me nOJIOCKY, HO
no.r:\ BbIpe3aHMe B Hen HaMeqeHbI Tpe-
yrOJIbHMKM, CTOHIU;Me Ha OCHOBaHMM.
JJ:OBOJIbHO CJIOmHbIll O));MHOqJIbIn
Y30P 3.MeUKa. Oil o6pa3yeTcH, eCJIM
B nOJIoce TpeyrOJIbHMKOB He OCTa-
BMTh HIl O.r:\Horo nJIOCKOrO MeCTa,
T. e. M3pe3aTh no TpeM IIJIOCKOCTHM
Bce TpeyrOJIbHMKH - M CTOHIU;Me Ha
OCHOBaHMM, M nOBepHYTbIe BepIIIM-
Hon BHM3.
ECJIH K 3MenKe CHM3Y 3epKaJIbHO
npMpMCOBaTh TaKyro me nOJIOCKY,
nOJIyqaeTCH OqeHb KpaCMBaH p03emKa.
CJIe));yroIU;Me TPM nOJIOCbI BbIIIOJI-
HHroTCH Ha OCHOBe O));HOn M Ton me
pa3MeTKM: nOJIOca pacqepqMBaeTCH
Ha KBa));paTbI, Kam.r:\bIll M3 KOTOpbIX
.r:\eJIMTCH no ));MarOHaJIHM. I1pM TaKon
pa3MeTKe, cpe3aH BepTMKaJIbHbIe M
ropM30HTaJIbHbIe CKOJIbIIIIKM, noJIy-
qaeM pa3HbIe BM)];bI reOMeTpJflIeCKMX
opHaMeHTOB - combl.
ECJIM no 3Ton pa3MeTKe Kam));bIn M3
qeTbIpeX TpeyrOJIbHMKOB, 06pa30BaH-
HblX ));eJIeHMeM KBa.r:\paTa no .r:\Maro-
HaJIHM, yrJIy61ITb He B BM.r:\e CKOJIbIIII-
KOB, a no TMny TpeyrOJIbHMKOB, CO-
3.r:\aeTCH 36e300'l/,Ka. A eCJIH K 3TOMY
Y30py 3epKaJIbHO npMpMCOBaTh Ta-
KYro me nOJIOCKY, TO M3 qeTbIpex
COce));HIlX 3Be3.r:\0qeK o6pa3yeTcH HO-
BaH p03eTKa. I10 .r:\eKopaTMBHon BbI-
pa3MTeJIbHOCTIf OHa 6JIM3Ka K caMOMY
KpaCMBOMY Y30Py TpexrpaHHO-BbIeM-
qaTOn pe3b6bI - CMHHMro.
CUR-HUe MOmeT 6bITb 3aKJIroqeHO
B <POp MY KBa));paTa, npHMoyrOJIbHM-
Ka, pOM6a, Kpyra.
CMHHMe B Kpyre - 3TO COqe1'aHMe
y));mrneHHblX TpeyrOJIbHMKOB, pac-
XO));HIU;MXCH M3 O));HOn TOqKM. Pa3-
MeqaroT MX cJIe,gyroIU;MM 06pa30M.
IJ;MpKYJIeM BbIqepqMBaroT oKpym-
HOCTb cOOTBeTcTByroIU;erO pa.r:\Myca.
I1pOBO));HT B3aMMHO nepneH));MKYJIHp-
HbIe .r:\MaMeTpbI M .r:\eJIHT oKpymHocTb
));aJIbIIIe Ha CTOJlbKO qaCTen, CKOJIbKO
3a));YMaHo JIy'-Ien CMHHIDI. ToqKH ));e-
JIeHIDI COe));MHHroT C IJ;eHTpoM. I1oJIy-
'-IaroTcH CXO));HIU;MeCH BeepoM K IJ;eHT-
py ));JIJIHHbIe Y3KMe TpeyrOJIbHMKH C
107
82. TIoCJIep;OBaTeJIbHOCTb pa3MeTlrn: CIIHHIDI B I<IJyre
qy'Th BbIrryKJIoH: CaMOu KOpOTKOU CTO-
pOHOU. KamP;brn H3 HHX pa3MeqaIOT
nop; H3pe3aHHe, KaI< 06bIqHbIe Tpe-
yrOJIbHHKH. Pa3HH a 6yp;eT B TOM,
qTO p;o CHX nop TpeyrOJIbHHKH p;eJIH-
JlHCb Ha paBHoMepHbIe qaCTH, a 3p;ecb
TOqKa cxomp;emffi .nyqeu 6yp;eT yp;a-
JIeHa OT eHTpa 6Jllime K oKpymHo-
CTH. QTo6bI Bce TpeyrOJIbHHKH nOJIY-
qHJIHCb BbIpe3aHHbIMH paBHoMepHo,
H3 eHTpa oKpymHocTH npoBop;HT
BcnoMOraTeJIbHyro oKpymHOCTh He-
CKOJIbKO MeHbIlIerO p;HaMeTpa. 3TO
6yp;eT reOMeTpWIeCKOe MeCTO eHT-
pOB P;JUI pa3MeTKH Ka)f{,lJ;oro H3 Tpe-
yrOJIbHHKOB (Ha pHCYHKe 82 nOKa3aHa
nOCJIep;OBaTeJIbHOCTh pa3MeTKH CHH-
HIDI B Kpyre).
C YBeJIHqeHHeM p;HaMeTpa oKpym-
HOCTH qHCJIO .nyqeu YBeJIHqHBaeTCH.
KOJIHqeCTBO JIyqeu B CHHHHH 3aBH-
cm H OT nopop;bI p;peBeCHHbI, Ha KO-
TOpOU BbIIIOJIHHIOT pe3b6y. Ha JIerKO
CKaJIbIBaIOrn;HXCH nopop;ax JIY CHH-
HIDI p;eJIaIOT 60JIee I1IHpOKHMH H Me-
Hee rJIy60KHMH, qeM Ha BH3KOU, op;-
Hopop;Horo cTpoemffi p;peBecHHe. Ha
H3p;eJIHHX PYCCKHX Hapop;HblX MaCTe-
pOB BCTpeqaIOTCH CHHHIDI C caMbIM
pa3JIHqHbIM qHCJIOM JIyqeu: 8, 10, 12,
13, 14, 16, 18, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 28
H p;ame 38.
CHHHlffi B KBap;paTe, B pOM6e,
B npHMoyrOJIbHHKe. Pa3MeTKa CHH-
1O
HIDI B KBap;paTe p;eJIaeTCH TaR. B KBap;-
paTe npOBOJJ:HTCH p;HarOHaIm, 3aTeM
ero CTOpOHbI p;eJIHT Ha 3ap;YMaHHoe
qHCJIO qaCTeU H coep;HHHIOT HX C
eHTpOM. Ka>«P;brn H3 06pa30BaB-
I1IHXCH TpeyrOJIbHHKOB Heo6xop;HMO
pa3MeTHTh nop; H3pe3aHHe. QTo6bI
B 3THX, pa3HbIX no BeJIHqHHe Tpe-
yrOJIbHHKax 6bIJIa 06rn;aH pa3MeTKa,
HymHo npOBeCTH BHYTPH KBap;paTa
napaJIJIeJIbHbIe ero CTopOHaM Bcno-
MOraTeJIbHbIe JIHHHH. ::ho 6yp;eT reo-
MeTpHqeCKOe MecTO eHTpOB JUUI pa3-
MeTKH Ka>«p;oro H3 TpeyrOJIbHHKOB.
UeHTpbI, pacnOJIOmeHHble Ha 3THX
BcnOMOraTeJIbHblX JIHHHHX, HymHo
COep;HHHTh no .nyqaM C yrJIaMH Tpe-
yrOJIbHHKOB. ITo 3THM JIHHHHM Bep;eT-
CH HaKOJIKa, a 3aTeM H Bblpe3aHHe
CHHHHH.
AHaJIOrWIHO pa3MeqaIOTCH nop;
pe3b6y CHHHlffi B pOM6e H npHMO-
yrOJIbHHKe. B OTJIHqHe OT CHHHHH B
Kpyre, rp;e Bee .ny - TpeyrOJIbHH-
KH, op;HHaKOBbIe no BeJIH He, CHH-
Hlffi B KBap;paTe, pOM6e H npHMO-
yrOJIbHHKe HMeIOT pa3HbIe no p;JIHHe
TpeyrOJIbHbIe JIY . B 3TOM p;eKopa-
THBHaH oco6eHHOCTh 3TlfX CHHHHU.
B TpexrpaHHo-BbIeMqaTOU pe3b6e
eCTh ern;e HeMaJIO a36Yq}lblX Y30pOB.
MbI lfX He paCCMaTpHBaeM, Tal< KaK
H Toro, qTO 3p;eCb npHBep;eHO, BnOJIHe
p;OCTaTOqHO P;JUI ycnelliHoro CO He-
HID! HOMn03HIJ;HM. B HHX MO)fmO CO-
qeTaTb HeCHOJIbHO paCCMOTpeHHbIX
Y30POB (CM. pHC. 80). Ho MOHCHO co-
CTaBJIHTh Y30PbI H H3 HaHoro-HH6YP;b
op;Horo :me1\H HTa. HaH60JIee p;eHopa-
THBHO BbIr mip;m COqeTaHIDI IJ;eJIbIX
CHHHHH. HJIH HX qaCTeM, co6paHHbIe
Boep;HHO (pHC. 83).
I1pH BbIpe3aHIDl ::!JIeMeHTOB CJIe-
p;yeT OqeHb BHHMaTeID,HO CJIep;HTb
sa BOJIOHHaMH p;peBecHHbI. B 3aBH-
CHMOCTH OT paCnOJIOHCeHHH JIHHHM
pa3MeTIili no OTHOlIIeHIDO H BOJIOH-
HaM Hap;o BbI6HpaTh HanpaBJIeHHe
cpe3a. ECJIH cpe3 nonap;eT npOTHB
BOJIOHOH, pe3b6a He 6yp;eT qHCTOM.
MOHCeT CJIyqHTbCH H TaH, qTO HOHC,
HaTHHYBIIIHCb Ha BCTpeqHbIe BOJIOH-
Ha, He nOMp;u Bnepep;. EbIBaeT H
Hao6opOT: HOHC npH p;BHHCeHIDl nOM-
P;eT no BOJIOKHY, pa3pYlIIaH pe3b6y
H BblXOgH p;aJIeHO 3a npep;eJlbI CHH-
mrn. 3TO 6yp;eT cepbe3HbIM pe<l>eH-
TOM B pa60Te. Ha pHcYHHe 84 no-
Ha3aHbI HanpaBJIeHIDI p;BHHCemrn HO-
HCa npH BbIpe3aHIDl CHHHHH.
.II.aJIeHO He Bce y IIII{OJIbHHHOB no-
JIyqaeTcH cpa3Y. THnHqHbIMH o1IIH6-
HaMH B HaqaJIbHOM CTap;IDl o6yqeHHH
HBJIHIOTCH CJIep;YIOru;He:
a) yqeHHIili LJ:eJIaIOT HaHOJlliY pe3-
HblX ::!JIeMeHTOB, yr JIy6mrn HOHC He
B TOqHY CXOHCp;eHIDI JIyqeM, a OHOJIO
BeplIIHH yrJIOB no .rryqaM HJIl1 no CTO-
pOHaM TpeyrOJIbHHHa;
6) "He Cp;eJIaB pa3MeTHH TpeyrOJIb-
HHHOB nop; H3pe3aHHe, yrJIy6JIHIOT
HOHC npH HaHOJIHe He no JIyqaM H
BepIIIHHaM, a OT IJ;eHTpa TpeyrOJIbHH-
Ha H cepep;HHaM CTOpOH;
B) nbITaIOTCH BbIIIOJIHHTb pe3b6y
6e3 npeP;BapHTeJIbHOM mrn:OJIHH; 13
3TOM CJIyqae B cepep;HHe yr.rry6JIeH-
Horo TpeyrOJIbHHI<a OCTaIOTCH HeBbI-
83. BapHaHTbI Y30POB H3 3JIeMeHTOB CHH-
HlIH
109
------
-----
84. HanpaBJIeHIDI BHH<eHHH HOH<a npH BbIpe3aHllli CHHHHH
pe3aHHbIe BOJIOKHa, nOJIyqalOTCH CKO-
JIbI ,QepeBa, qTO ,QeJIaer pe3b6y HeOn-
PHTHOll, YCJIO»<:HHer XO,Q pa60TbI.
Hepe,QKo nOCJIe Cpe3aHlliI TpeX-
rpaHHb 3JIeMeHTOB BHYTPM Y30POB
Ha JIMHMHX CXO eHIDI pe3Hb nJIOC-
KOCTell OCTalOTCH 3ayceHQbI, KOTOpbIe
3aCOpHlOT pe3b6y. q T06bI OT HMX
OCB060,QMTbCH, ,QeJIalOT TaK: B y»<:e
yrJIy6JIeHHOM Y30pe ,QeJIalOT em;e pa3
JIerKyro HerJIy60Kyro HaKOJIKY no JIY-
'laM TpeyrOJIbllliKa M, COBMeCTl-IB nJIO-
CKOCTh HO»<:a C nJIOCKOCTblO cpe3a,
nOBTOpHbIM cpe30M y,QaJIHlOT Bce
JUlIllHee.
CJIyqalOTCH ,Qe<}>eKTbI pe3b6bI M M3-
3a HenpaBMJIbHO 3aTOQeHHoro MHCT-
pYMeHTa. J1Hor,Qa npM Cpe3aHIDI 3JIe-
MeHTOB ,QepeBO He pe»<:eTCH, a CKaJIbI-
BaeTCH. 3TO npOMCXO,QMT nOTOMY, qTO
JIe3BMe HO»<:a CJIMIliKOM TOJICToe. Ho»<:
He06xo,QMMo nepeTOqMTb, YTOH'llIB
JIe3BMe. B TOM MeCTe, r,Qe npQM30-
llIeJI CKOJI, He06xo,QMMO c,QeJIaTh BTO-
pOll cpe3. 1T06bI He yrJIy6JIHTbCH
qpe3MepHO B ,QepeBO, npM 3TOM cpe3e
Hy»rnO CHHTh Jrn:llIb TOHqamnylO
crpy»a<y.
ECJrn: ,QepeBO ITJIOTHOe, TBep,Qoe,
TO HaKOJIKY M cpe3bI ,QpeBeCMHbI BbI-
nOJIHHlOT He Cpa3Y, a no HeCKOJIbKY
CJIOeB, nOCTeneHHO yrJIy6JIHHCb ,QO
Hy»rnOro peJIbe<}>a. 3TOT npMeM BbI-
nOJIHHeTCH CJIe,Qyrom;MM 06pa30M:
Y30P HaKaJIbIBalOT Ha He60JIbmylO
rJIy6MHY M cpe3alOT TpeyrOJIbllliKM
qYTb MeHblllero pa3Mepa, qeM HapM-
COBaHHbIe. 3aTeM BHOBb HaKaJIbIBa-
lOT 3TOT »<:e Y30P, HO Y>l<e HeMHoro
r.rry6»<:e; BHOBb cpe3alOT MaTepMaJI,
rJIy6»<:e norpy»<:aHCb HO»<:OM B MaCCMB
,QepeBa. TaK HY»<HO nOBTOpMTh pa-
60TY CTOJIbKO pa3, CKOJIbKO nOTpe-
6yeTcH ,QJIH ,QOCTM»<:eHIDI He06xo,QM-
MOM: rJIy6MHbI Y30pa. I1pM 3TOM HO»<:
npOqHO 3a»<:MMalOT B KYJIaKe, a PYKY
npM>I<MMalOT K ITJIeqy, npOM3BO,QHT
Ha»<:MM (HaKOJIKY) BceM KopnYCOM.
B TaKOM CJIyqae pa60Ta He Tpe6yeT
60JIbllIMX <}>M3MqeCKMX YCMmm, M ,Qe-
peBO He CKaJIbIBaeTCH.
He CJIe,Qyer OTqaMBaTbCH, eCJrn: BHa-
qaJIe Y30PbI He 6Y,QYT nOJIyqaTbCH,
M ,QeJIaTh nocnellIHbll BbIBO,Q, 6Y,QTO
He y,QaCTCH HayqMTbCH 3TOMY BM,Qy
,QeKopaTMBHOll pa6OTbI. TOJIbKO cno-
KOllCTBMe M HaCTOllqMBOCTh B OBJIa-
,QeHIDI TeXHMKOll pe3b6bI MorYT npM-
Becm K ycnexy.
I10cJIe BbIITOJIHeHIDI pe3b6bI no-
BepXHOCTh M3,Qemm Ha,QO npOIlIJIM<}>O-
BaTh MeJIKOll Ha>K.D;aqHOM: 6YMarOll.
.n:peBecmUI ITbIJIb M3 rJIy6MHbI Y30POB
y,QaJIHeTCH o,Qe»<:iJ:OM: m;erKOll.
reOMeTpn'-IeCKyro pe3b6y MO»rnO
OCTaBMTb B HaTypaJIbHOM QBeTe ,Qe-
peBa, HO MO»rnO 3aTOHMpOBaTh B 60-
JIee TeMHbll QBer C nOMOm;blO npo-
TpaBbI MJrn: MOpMJIKM.
LJT06bI 3aKpenMTb nOBepxHocTb
pe3b6bI, 3am;MTMTh OT ITbIJIM, BJIarM,
ee Hacyxo npOTMpaIOT C nOMOm;blO
m;eTMHHoll KMCTII >l<M)J;KO pa3Be,QeH-
HbIM JIaKOM. )!(n,QK&m JIaK BnMTbIBa-
eTCH B ,QepeBO, ,Qaer Ha,Qe»<:Hoe 3a-
m;MTHoe nOKpbITMe M He 6JIeCTMT,
coxpaHH MaTOBOCTh ,QepeBHHHOll no-
BepXHOCTM.
BeCbMa ,QeKopaTMBHOM: nOJIyqaeTCH
pe3b6a Ha ,QOCKe, nOBepXHOCTb KOTO-
pOM: CJIerKa 060»<:>I<eHa naHJIbHOll JIaM-
nOll. UBer ,Qepesa ,QOJI>I<eH CTaTb
CJIerKa KOpMqHeBaTbIM. I10CJIe 06»rn:-
ra nOBepXHOCTh JIerKO IlIJIM<}>YlOT MeJI-
KMMlIIlIKypKaMll, 3aTeM HaHOCHT Y30p.
Pe3b6a nOJIyqaeTOI KaK 6bI MHrKO
Tarom;eM: OT 3aTeMHeHHb BepXllliX
pe6ep K BH}'TpeHHMM cpe3aM.
111
- :c::..
- :::::=:.:: --
85. CxeMa HaKJIOHa CTaMeClill npl1 KJIl1HO-
Bl1,[1HOll Hace'IKe
reOMeTpHqeCKHe Y30PbI Ha H3,Qe-
JI1ill HaH60JIee Bblpa3HTeJIbHbI TOr,Qa,
KOr,Qa Ha HHX lIa,QaeT CHJIbHbrn 60KO-
BOll CBeT. Hrpa CBeTOTellli Ha pe3HbIX
lIJIOCKOCTHX BblrJIH,QIIT COqHO, ,QeKO-
paTHBHO, 3<p<peKTHO. 3TO CJIe,QyeT
Y'lllThIBaTh lIPH OpraHH3aI.l;1ill HH-
Tepbepa.
HHTepeCHbIM BH,QOM reOMeTpHqe-
CKOrO ,QeKOpa ,QepeBa BJIa,QeeT lIpe-
lIO,QaBaTeJIb KpaCHOY<PHMCKOrO lIe,Qa-
rOrHqeCKOrO yqHJIH:r.Qa CBep,wrOB-
CKOll o6JIacTII JI. <P. IJ:elIHJIOB. Pa-
60Ta Be,QeTCH Ha lIJIOTHbIX lIOpO,QaX:
opexe, pH6HHe, 6epe3e, 6YKe mrn H6-
JIOHe, rpyrne, BHrnHe - H lIpe,QCTaB-
JIHeT HaCeqKY, BbIlIOJIHeIlIH)'IO C lIO-
MOIIU>IO IIJIOCKOll CTaMeCIill C lIpHMO-
yrOJIbHbIJ\lli KpOMKaJ\lli. CTaMeCKY YC-
TaHaBJIHBIDOT Ha KpOMKY HaKJIOHHO
112
=
---wIJ:J111;
#
,
86. 06pa3Qbl pl1CYHKOB reoMeTpwlecKoll Ha-
Ce'IKl1
K lIJIOCKOCTII ,QepeBa H cBepxy lIO
,Qpyroll KpOMKe HaHOCHT y,Qap MOJIOT-
KOM. CTaMeCKa yrJIy6JIHeTCH B ,Qepe-
BO, {)CTaBJIHH B HeM KJIHHOBH,QHbIH
OTlIeqaTOK (pHC. 85). PH,QOM ,QeJIalOT
CJIe,QYIOII.I;He y,QapbI. 06pa3yeTcH op-
HaMeHTaJIbHaH I.I;elIOqKa. Y 30pbI MO-
rYT 6bITh O,QliHOqHbIMH, ,QBOllHbIMH,
H,Qy:r.QHJ\lli HaBcTpeqy ,Qpyr ,Qpyry,
HalIOJ\lliHaH BepeBOqKY HJIH BHTellKY
H3 TpexrpaHHo-BbleMqaTOll pe3b6bI
(pHC. 86).
TaKHe reOMeTpHqeCKHe yrJIy6JIe-
HlliI JIyqrne Bcero lIOJIyqaIOTCH, Kor,Qa
ux paClIOJIaralOT B,QOJIb BOJIOKOH. TIpH
lIOlIepeqHOM lIOJIO>KeH1ill BOJIOKHa 3a-
MHHaIOTCH, TOlIop:r.QaTcH Ha,Q lIOBepx-
HOCTblO ,QepeBa. XapaKTep OTlIeqaTKa
MeHHeTCH B 3aBHCUMOCTU OT HaKJIOHa
craMecIill lIO OTHorneHHIO K ,Qepemrn-
HOll IIJIOCKOCTM - G:eM MeHbme yrOJI
HaKJIOHa, TeM ,n;JIMHHee OTTMCX Y30pa,
M Hao6opOT.
TaKoll HaCeG:XOll IIOKpbIBalOT CTO-
JIHpHbIe MHCTpYMeHThI - py6aHXI1,
<pyraHKM, mepxe6em1 11 T. II. HMI1
TalOKe MO)f{HO ,n;CKOpMpOBaTh CTOJ1Hp-
HbIe M TO!<apHbIe M {,n;emiH.
1,"" : IJi-i 1-1(":I{/\;.1 Il.E :-JI) :)i\
CBoeo6pa3HbIM BM,n;OM peJIbe<pHo
pe3b6bI C IIo,n;o6paHHbIM M IIo,n;ymeG:-
HbIM <pOHOM HBJIHeTCH Ky,n;pMHcKaH
pe3b6a (pMC. 87).
.II:eKopaTMBHaH BbIpa3MTeJIbHOCTb,
3CTeTMG:eCKoe 6oraTcTBo3Toro BM,n;a
pe3b6bI IIPM J{OCTYIIHOCTII MCIIOJIHe-
HI1H J{alOT OCHOBaHMe J{J1H Toro, G:TO-
6bI IIo6JIM:H<e II03HaKOMMTb C HIIM y"m-
TeJIell MaCCOBbIX mKOJI. B Ha3BaHMM
pe3b6bI y,n;MBMTeJ1bHbIM o6pa30M co-
G:eTalOTCH HaMMeHOBaHMe IIO,n;MOCKOB-
HOM ,n;epeBHM Ky,n;PMHO, r,n;e 3apo-
J{MJICH 3TOT BMA ,n;exopaTMBHoH: pa6o-
87. ,I:{cl{OpaTI1BHoe 6mo.n:o. KYJIPI1HCKaH pC3b6a
TbI, M XapaKTep ee BHeUIHero BIma.
HeIIpepbIBHOCTh ,n;BMmeHMH paCTM-
TeJIbHbIX IIo6erOB, TeKYG:eCTb rMp-
JIHH,IJ; M3 JIllCTheB, U;BeTOB, BeTBell
BbI3bIBalOT )f{eJIaHMe Ha3BaTb 3TM Y30-
pbI Ky,n;PHBbIMM.
OCHOBH)1JO ,n;($opanumyfO pOJTh B
3TOM BM,n;e pe3b6bI MrpalOT Tpa,n;MI.I;M-
OHHbIe n1pJIHH I JIeIIeCTKOB, C OJ{-
HOM CTOpOHbI 3aOCTpeHHbIx, C ,n;py-
rOll - 3aOBaJIeHHbIx. OHM CJIMBalOT-
CH B HeIIpepbIBHbIll, yrrpynrn IIOTOX,
KOTopbrn OIIpe,n;eJIHeT BeCb pMTM 11
CTpOll KOMII03MU;MM. Me)f{,n;y 3T11M11
.,' . ' ' ":' ''':;.t,% , '
" "" f"T' ;or.;< - '. ' 40.. ... '
:. o "" ... >, ''1.', 'JOI.,,; '
# ;;' ." . ' ", '.... fh ,..: '. ,
.1)" ', . , -:::.,..., . .... Il":>' ?
".,I: .'" . p,'X .."..,.....A . ' " . A: ..
, .... '... ,lo' . f ...... '"
I L ..\; , ' -.... J" _ "'- ", .c.:':",;: ' 1",;1.
" ,- ';-'- "'- - ':. .....0....-<. ...... . ,.>-., 311..
"\'It ' . '_''''''\ -- -..J .", . ""' "'"
,. /"'.1 ' . " ,.; fI:'" '....."'.....,. ;, ". . ,,," . .
,) " ' ;-J..."t ,jt..,.< .... ','.'r 'Iio: , "1"..
( >, ' _/ ' ... m ' ' . '< t, >,'? '''; i;. ':1i"/ '" J : }
..: < . -'.., " '.....,,,....."j "'.,It. -, ,j..........f
. w " .;' -, ....,. .....' , t., "'1 ."" ' '''- " ,,' "" " ,
...., ,'"'' r.. -."" ...-..-r,.. I'f p." ,- . ,: !
j . ,_...-.".. 1:' Jh ;;""'" .......' . , ;,JII""C
\: .,' H 1 J\Vl!: ':! ' h' ".',' J ) "I/ . /' _ ...4 .'-.
'$ ,..' " : ,':- '*" . '. . .... I!t ,Iif,;.: .,_.r bY , /c " :;Y J;; '1 -..,,
'..... "I'?)"}'" , "', J'.iL./9'.o..;. ,. /'
""'\."" ... , ' _ ",', '4. ... . ."",' ......... .. .,.. ,'" :i-'" ,
', -' .!,"' -."...
." ,. ...' '-:. , . ;J
- ''', :,;1' i 4, , < .
,,J..' ":fII"' " .;;,: ,,. q- "".,
... .. .
5-7 1!
-
1H
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1
.,..f'....;";. , . _....
88. B. n. BOPHOCIW6. .I1.el<OpaTI1BHa:1i Ba3a
rMpJUI aJ\lli BKOMrrOHOBbIBaIOTCH
M306pa3MTeJIhHbIe 3JIeMeHTbI - BCap;-
HMKM, nTMI.I;bI, >KMBOTHbIe, PbI6bI,
HrOP;bI, I.I;BeTbI M T. p;.
H306pa>KemUI nTm , 3BepeM, pbI6
B OKpY>KeHMM I.I;BeTOB M JIMCTbeB -
HaM60JIee qaCTbIe MOTMBbI Y MacTepoB
npOllIJIOro. OHM BCTpeqalOTCH Ha nop;-
Hocax, KpyrJIbIX lllKaTYJIOqKaX, CTa-
KaHax P;JIH KMCTeH,. epHMJIbHbIX npM-
6opax, B33ax (pMC. 88, 89),
KaKMe 6bI MOTMBbI HM pO>K)J;aJIMCb
nop; pe3I.1;aMH MacTepoB KYP;PMHCKOM
pe3b6bI, OHM BcerAa 6bIBalOT OKpy-
>KeHbI TeKyqUM nOTOKOM paCTIfTeJIb-
. . rJi; '
'. .' ,:...... i!i,,::,.:"':>'. .. 1.; -
' . (1 ,. . '" .
" ,, . " ..;"'.; "0..; ,"
,'-' .. >'-' ' " "J., - 1
.. .. .:w " ....,
, 1',- ",.Ir, ."..,.. . . c.: ,
\.
<....,..
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f
).
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:,
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.... .... ...
89. B. n. BOPHOCK06. CyxapHI1Qa
HOrO Y30pa, KaK 6bI OKaMMJIHlOlI.I;MM
OCHOBHOM ClO>KeT p;parOI.l;eHHOM orrpa-
BOM (pIlC. 90).
MHrKOCTh KOHTypOB, 3aOBaJIeH-
, HOCTh peJIbe<l>a, 6oraTcTBo CBeTOTeHM,
>KMBOCTb, nOp;BM>KHOCTb crycTKoB
Y30POB COCTaBJIHlOT p;eKopaTIlBHbIM
CTpOM 3TOM pe3b6bI, KOTopbrn p;o-
nOJIHHeTCH 3<P<l>eKTHbIM COqeTaHUeM
CBepKalOlI.I;ero rrOJIllpOBKOM 0pHaMeH-
Ta C MaTOBbIMH npOMe>KYTKaMH yr JIy6-
JIeHHbIX yqaCTKoB.
3apO>Kp;eHMe KYP;PIlHCKOM pe3b6bI
CBH3aHO C UMeHeM B. n. BOPHocKoBa,
CblHa nJIOTHMKa M3 ;: epeBHM KYP;PMHO,
KOTophrn 6bIJI OJJ;HHM H3 Y'-leIU1-
KOB C03.D:aHHOH B KOHl1e XIX BeHa
B A6paMIJ;eBe CTOJ1HpHOH MacTep-
CKOH. 3Ta xY.D:on<ecTBeHHO-CTOJ1Hp-
HaH lllKOJ1a-MaCTepCKaH 6bIJIa OCHO-
BaHa rrepeJJ;oBbIMH PYCCKHMI1 XYJJ.on<-
HHRaMH. BrrOCJIeJJ;cTBillI BblrrYCKHI1:-
KlI MacTepcKoH 11: MeCTHble KYCTapH
06"beJJ;HHHJIHCb B apTeJ1H, KOTopble B
1960 rOJJ;y 6bIJIH rrpeo6pa30BaHbI B
XOTbKOBCKyro <Pa6pHI{Y pe3HbIX xy-
,n:O)f{eCTBeHHbIX H3JJ;em-rii. CJ1eJJ;YH
. . .
'. ' 't ' ' .' .' '"... "'J:: '
. 1'.... :-'4 l .f .r.....( : h- " " 1.i \?\ ".to. _'" ., .t.
. ':..,. ' ". ,!£.- :,. . 'I 'i- '" : \.. .: :; 'f').
'\ J :.. _ ..../ "'." ,,' . ." - ..\' ...
, ., ( c '".' .< ." - . '" fi!t3 "- J., . . "" 41 - -- r.
. .-.. ' ... . .- t . . ..... ,. , ,\ 'f1i!'
?'., ,.,{<'T'':>.\!':' "J\, 'It :;. . -.", . ;!t, \..'- " :...-
... ' .. ., . , ). . J ' ':. ...., ,
....'...{ ..;t-.... '*t.. , .' ... ':., .,.h, .' ' {j..:s"j . ;,'
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p;aeTCH yrny6JIeHHblMH JIHHHHl\lli pa3-
JIH1.IHOR IllliPHHbl, rny6m'IbI H <pOpMbl
01.IepTaHHM. JIHHIDI BbIllOJIlIHIOTCH
pa3JIH1.IHbIl\lli HHcTpYMeHTaMH: nony-
HpyrJIblMH CTa.MeCKaMH, IIITHXeJIHMH,
npo<pHJIbHbIMH pe3 aMH, HOCblM HO-
»<OM.
BHelliHe 3Ta pe3b6a Ka»<eTCH yP;H-
BHTeJIbHO npocToH, Op;HaHO BbIllOJI-
HI1Tb ee Ka1.IeCTBeHHO MO»<HO, JIHIllb
OCBOI1B eJIbrn P$1,D; npHeMoB reo-
MeTpI1QeCHOH 11 HYP;PHHCHOM pe3b6bI.
KOHTYPHaH pe3boa MOH<er cy ecTBo-
BaTh KaK caMOCTOHTeJIbHO, Tal{ H CO-
CTaBJIHTh p;eKOp p;epeBHHHOM nOBepX-
HOCTH, COQeTaHCb C p;pyrHl\lli BHp;a.I\lli
IDIOCHOpeJIbe<pHOM pe3b6bl - reo-
MeTpH1.IeCHOM, HorTeBH,JJ;HOM, HYP;PMH-
CHOM, HBOpOBCKOM. B STOM TeXHMHe
Moryr 6blTb BblnOJIHeHbl reOMeTpI1-
1.IeCKne H paCTHTeJIbHble opHaMeHTbl,
aHHMaJIHCTH1.IeCHHe H306pa»<eHMH. Ha
HpOCJIaBCKIIX npaJIKaX nepBOM no-
JIOBHHbl X IX BeKa HOHTYpHOH pe3b-
'6aR B C01.IeTaHllli C HorTeBHp;Hbl.l\lli
nope3HaMH Hapop;Hble MacTepa ne-
pe,n:aBaJIH p;a»<e 6blToBble H ,»<aHpo-
Bble c eHKH: 1.IaenHTHH, Bble3p;bl,
CBHp;aHHH, TaHl.\b1 (pHC. 96).
KOHTYPHaH pe3b!5a Mo»<eT 6blTb
",,',
BbIllOJIHeHa Hal{ no CBeTJIOM, TaK H
no TOHlIpOBaHHOM p;peBeCHHe. B no-
CJIep;HHe rop;bl I1mpOKOe pacnpoCTpa-
HeHHe cpe,n:H IlIKOJIbHlIHOB nOJIy"IIHJIa
TaK Ha3blBaeMaH pe3b6a no 1.IepHoMY
JIaHY. 3TO P;OBOJIbHO 3<p<peHTHbIH
BM,IJ; pa60Tbl, KOr) a no 1.IepHOMY 6JIec-
THlI.{eMY <POllY yrJIy6JIeHHblMH IIITpH-
xaMH nepep;aeTcH M306pa»<eHHe. 3THM
BHp;OM pe3b6bI 3aHHM3IOTCH YQa HeCH
B Cpe,D;HeM IIIHOJIe NQ 37 r. .HpOCJIaBJIH
(PYHoBop;HTeJIb KpY»<Ka B. 11. BHT-
KMH), npH CeBepOp;BI1HCHOM Y1.Ie6HO-
npOH3Bop;cTBeHHoM HOM6HHaTe B Ap-
XaHreJIbCHOM 06JIaCTlI (PYKoBop;HTe-
JIH A. 11. HIOXHH H 11. r, l(JIe HH),
B Cpep;HeH IIIHOJIe NQ 1 r. MqeHcKa
OpJIOBCHOR 06.rracTII (PYHoBOp;IITeJIb
E. A. PacTopryeB) 11 BO MHorHX p;py-
rIIX IIIHOJIax.
B 3TOM BHJ.1;e. pa60Tbl Y1.Iau\HxcH
npHBJIel-fficr TO, 1.ITO cpa3Y BI1p;eH pe-
3YJIbTaT Tpy,n:a. .IJ:eMcTBHTeJIbHO, 1.Iep-
HaH 6JIeCnI aH nOBepXHOCTb OT .n:er-
Koro p;BH»<eHlffi pe3:QOM BL1;pyr 0»<11-
BaeT, Ha1.IMHaer CBepKaTb pa3Ho06-
pa3HblMH Y30paMH.
Ho 3p;eCb PYHOBOp;I1TeJIH, a B:\leCTe
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H Tawm onaCHOCTb. Y BJIeHIIlI1Cb Tex-
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6bIBalOT 0 xY,IJ;O)f{eCTBeHHbIX B03MO)f{-
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HO BH,I];eTb, KaK pe6RTa nepepHCOBbI-
BaIOT C <pOTorpaq:IHH., a aTe,.'\1 Bblpe-.
3alOT HeraTHBHbIMH. KOHTypaMH. nopT-
peTbI H3BeCTHbIX nHCaTeJleH, J.1;eR1'e-
neH HaYKM H HCKYCCTBa. BCTpe IaIOTCH
Bblpe3aHHble Ha qepHbIX J.1;OCKax rpa-
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peJ.1;aTb JII1HeIIHYIO 11 B03,Ii;YUIHYIO nep-
CneKTI1BY, CBeTOTeHeBbIe 3<p<peKTbI H
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peBY I13-3a HeKOToporo TeXHOJIOrI1qe-
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nyralOT C JII1HOrpaBlOpOH..
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HeCKOJIbKO HanOMHHaeT PI1CYHOK, HO
pI1CYHOK He llITPI1XOBOH, a JII1HeHHO-
KOHTYPHbIH, OqepTaHI1H KOToporo 3a-
KJIIOQalOT .IJ;eKopaTI1BHble Y30pbI.
1.h06bI YHTII OT n0J.1;pa)f{aHliR JII1HO-
rpaBlOpe, peKOMeH,IJ;yeM ,IJ;Ba npI1eMa.
ITepBbrn - paOOTaTb He IIITI1XeJIHMI1,
a KOCbIM HO)f{OM 11 nOJIYKpyrJIbIMI1
CTaMeCKaMil (,IJ;JIH nepe,IJ;a"<lI1l.\I1pKYJIb-
HbIX OQepTaHI1H); BTOpOO - I1CKaTb
CIO)f{eTbI .IJ;JIH nepeBO,IJ;a B TeXHI1KY
KOHTypHOH pe3bObI He B OTKpbITKaX
11 <pOTorpa<pI1HX, a B I1JIJIIOCTpI1pOBaH-
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paTHBHO-npI1KJIa,IJ;HOMY I1CKYCCTBY,
B )f{ypHaJIaX «.IJ:eKopaTI1BHoe ilCKYC-
CTBO CCCP».
B OTJII1QI1e OT reOMeTpI1QeCKoti I1JII1
KY,IJ;pI1HCKOH B KOHTypHOH pe3boe HeT
KaKI1X-TO onpeJ.1;eJIeHHbIX ,IJ;el<OpaTI1B-
HbIX <pI1ryp, C03J.1;aIOU\lIX oopa HbIH
CTpoiI pe3HOH nJIOCKOCTII. B ee OC-
HOBe JIe)f{IIT yrJIYOJIeHHaH JIHHHH B
ee .IJ;eKopaTI1BHbIX 3aBI1BaX, n03TOMY
npI1 paCCMOTpeHI1H TeXHononm BbI-
nOJIHeHHH KOHTypHOH pe3bObI MbI 01'-
paHIIQI1MCH paCCKa30M 0 TOM, KaK
'16. 5IpoCIlaBCl{aH npHJIl{a. <l>parmeHT.
XIX Bel{
paOOTaTb nonYl<pyrJIOH CTaMeCKOH 11
KOCbIM HO)f{OM. BceB03MO)f{HbIe HIO-
aHChI 3TOH. TeXHI1Kil, B03HI1KaI01l1:IIe
npI1 BbITIOJIHeHMil Ka)f{,IJ;oro KOHl<peT-
HorO Y30pa, OY,IJ;yr npOQYBCTBOBaHbI
IllKOJIbHHKaMH. B HenOcpe.IJ;CTBeHHOH
npaKTHQeCKOH paOOTe.
.IJ:JIH KOlITypHOH pe3bObI nOJ.1;XO,IJ;HT
JII1CTBeHHbIe nOpO,IJ;bI ,IJ;peBeCI1HbI -
JII1na, OCI1Ha, oepe3a, OJIbxa. XBOHHbIe
nOpO,IJ;bI 3,IJ;eCb npaKTIIQeCKM He npI1-
MeHHIOTCH I13-3a aKTI1BHO Bblpa)f{eH-
HOH TeKCTypbI J.1;peBeCI1HbI 11 H3-3a
pa3JII1QHOH TBep,IJ;OCTII COCTaBHbIX Qa-
cTeI1 rO,IJ;I1QHbIX CJIOeB.
3arOTOBl<Y COOTBeTCTBYIOI.l\erO
pa3Mepa, oe3 nopOKOB ,IJ;peBeCilHbI,
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TOBIITb no,IJ; pe3bOY. CBeTJIym .IJ;peBe-
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KOM. ECJIII )Ice 3a.IJ;YMaHa KOMn03I1l.\I1H
Ha TeMHOM <poHe, ,IJ;OIJ.\eQKY HY>I<HO 3a-
97. BI1l1bI JlepmaBOK lIJlH pe3b6bI IIO lIepeBY
99. CxeMa pa60TbI HO}l{O!\'!' IIPI1 KOHTYPHOi-i
pe3b6e
------ '
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TypHaH pe3b6a
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6JIeCTHIJ.:\aH rrOBepXHOCTb, ee rrOKpbI-
BalOT qepHbIM naKOM, a HorJJ,a OH BbI-
COXHeT, paCrrOJII1pOBbIBalOT rrOJII1TY-
pOM. Kor)];a I1CrrOJIb3YlOTC.H: IImpOKO
pacrrpocTpaHeHHble HpaCMTeJII1-
TYIIIb, ryaIIIb, TeMrrepa, aHBapeJIb,
aHMJllIBOBble KpaCKH, pa3JIHqHble MO-
pHJIKll 11 rrpoTpaBbI, MapraHI eBOKI1C-
JIbm KaJIHH 11 T. )];., rroBepxHocTb
MOlliHO OCTaBI1Tb MaToBoM, HO MOlliHO
11 rroKpbITb CBeTJIbIM JIaKo.M (3aKpe-
rrHTb KpacHY) H OTrrOJllIpOBaTb. YqH-
TbIBaH OrrbIT rrpHKaprraTcHHx MaCTe-
pOB HBOpOBCKoM pe3b6l>I, MOlliHO TO-
Hl1poBaTb )];epeBHHHYlO OCHOBY He
TOJIbKO B qepHbIM, HO 11 B KpaCHbIM,
3eJIeHbIM, CHHHH 11 Hopl1t.IHeBbIM
BeTa.
I10)];rOTOBJIeHHYlO )];O et.II<y rrpoq-
HO 3aHpeIIJIHlOT Ha rrOBepXHOCTH Bep-
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HG HCnGJIb3GBaTb 1.IeTblpe OPYCHa, 3a-
:>KIlMalOU:\I1e 3arGTGBKY co. BCeX CTG-
pGH (pIlC. 97).
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3a:>KIlMalOT B HYJIaHe, a naJIbltaMI1
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nG)];)];ep:>KI'IBalOT, nGMGralOT )];BI1:>Ke-
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erG.
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MG:>KHG BblnGJIHI1Tb G)];HHM IWCbIM
HG:>KGM. .IJ:a:>Ke GHPY:>KHGCTll He6GJIb-
lllGrG )];I1aMeTpa MG:>KHO Bblpe33Tb HM,
3aTG1.IllB HJIHHGH Ha oGJIee GCTpbIH
yrGJI. I1HGr)];a npI1rG)];HTCH G)];Ha-)];Be
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MeCK!'!.
I1pGlteCC pe3bobI BKJIlO1.IaeT He-
CKGJIbKG 3TanGB: BblnGJIHeHI1e PHCYH-
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Ha 3arOTGBKY; HenGCpen:CTBeHHaH
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cTeH 3TGrG BI1)];a pe3b6bI 11 xapaKTepa
npe)];MeTa, HOTGpbrn )];eKGpI1pyeTcH.
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GJJ;HGH JIllHIleH. B 3To.M CJIyt.rae npH
Bblpe3aHI1ll yr JIyoJIeHHoH KaHaBHI1
HG:>K nGH)];eT HeCKGJIbKG cnpaBa 11 CJIe-
Ba GT JII1HI1ll (pllC. 98).
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BI1CIIT GT ltBeTa ee nGBepXHGCTI1.
ECJll1 3arGTGBKa CBeT JIGrG ltBeTa, 6e-
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'nllpGBaJIbHaH 6YMara. .IJ:JIH 1.IepHGH
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CBeTJIGH - :>KeflTGi'I, KpaCHGH, 3eJIe-
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pGBKll, BGCnGJTh3GBaBlllI1Cb lllapI1HG-
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nplI;.J;aBI1Tb PY1.IKY, Ha )];epeBHHHGH
nGBepXHGCTll GCTaHYTcH yrJIy6JIeH-'
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pa6GTa.
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MalOT B KYJIaKe (JIe3BlleM Ha ce6H)
11 B TaKGM nGJIG:>KeHI1ll C YCHJII1eM Be-
)];YT no. JIllHI1HM nepeBe)];eHHGrG Pll-
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HG:>Ka He MeHHeTCH, TGJIbKG PYKa Ha-
KJIGHHeTCH B npGTMBGnGJIG:>KHyro CTG-
pGHY H TaK)f{e C YCllJIlleM )];eJIalOT nG)];-
pe3KY paHee Ha.a;pe3aHHGrG Y1.IaCTKa
(pI1c. 99). B pe3YJIbTaTe I13 nGBepX-
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peBHHHaH nGJIGCKa. Ee Ha3bIBalOT
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1.IaHI1e, BG BTGpGM - npGpe3Hble HGH-
TypbI pa3HGH TGJIIJ.:\I1HbI M rJIy6HHbI
CG3)];alOT TeKY1.IIill: nJIaCTllt.llibrn pllTM.
HY:>KHG C'rpe.MHTbcH l< TGMY, 1.ITG6bI
CGJIGMKa BbIXG)];Ima H3 KGHTYPHGH
KaHaBKll cpa3Y, BCJIe)]; 3a HG:>KGM npll
nG)];pe3am1I1. B 3To.M CJIY1.Iae pe3b6a
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HbIMH KOmypHbIMil 01.IepTaHilHMil. Mil Cpe3a:roT COnOMI<y, 06HamaH I<OH-
ECJrn BHYTPil KaHaBlrn: OCTalOTCH OC- TypHyro KaHaBKY. ECJrn me HeT IIony-
KOJIKil HeBbIHYTOM COJIOMKil, JIe3BHe HpyrJIbIX CTaMecOI<, ol<pymHOCTH BbI-
Homa COBMe aIOT C IIJIOCHOCTHMI1 pe3alOT HOCbIM HomOM. fIpI1 ::nOM
nepBOHa1.IaJIbHbIX cpe30B 11 pe3b6y cne.n;yeT IIOMHHTb: 1.IeM MeHbille .n;Ha-
IIOBTOpHIOT BHOBb, rJIy6me BXOAH B MeTp oHpymHocTH, TeM OCTpee .n;OJI-
.n;epeBO. meR 6bITb yrOJI 3aTO'llill I<JIHHHa
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CH IIOBOpaQI1BaTb Ha 180 , 1.IT06bI 3aTh BO Bcex HaIIpaBJIeHHHx: Ha ce6H,
6blJIO y.n;06Hee BbIpe3aTb JIHHHI1. )],JI OT ce6H, HaKJIOHI1B ero TO BIIpaBO,
::)Toro ee BbIHI1J\.1a1OT BepTHKaJIbHO TO BJIeBO, TO BHYTPb OI<pymHOCTI1,
BBepx 113 .n;epmaBOK, nOBopa'm:BalOT TO Hapymy. fIOJIYKpyrJIbIMH CTaMec-
11 BHOBI> BK..'1a.n;bIBalOT B HI1X. fIOCTe-' HaMil He TOJIbKO pemYT, HO IIO Xo.n;y
IICHHO, IIO Mepe npI100peTeHIDI HaBbI- . pe3b6bI YT01.IHHlOT PHCYHOH, Kal< B
KOB pe3b6bI, HymHo IIpI1Y1.IaTh IllKOJIb- Ky.n;pHHCHOM pe3b6e. ECJlli pa.n;I1Yc
ID11<0B K TO.M.Y, 1.ITo6bI 3arOTOBKa IIPH oHpyrJIeHIDI HOHTypa HeBeJIHH, a CTa-
pe3b6e He IIepeMe aJIaCb H nope3bI MeCKa 60nee IIOJIOraH, 1.IeM CJIe.n;yeT,
BbTIIOJIHHJIHCb B JII060M HanpaBJIe- Bce me ee MomHO YCIIeillHO HcnOJIb-
HIm. 3TOMY cnoc06cTByeT HeCKOJIb- 30BaTb B pa60Te. 3TH 3aKpyrJIeHHH
KO He06bIQHOe nOJIOmeHI1e pe31.IH- HymHo BbIpe3aTb He BceM JIe3BHeM
Ka - pa60Ta IIpOHCXO.n;liT CTOH, Tal< CTaMeCI<ll, a O.n;HilM 3arJIy6JIeHHbIM
Hal{ 3TO IIOJIOmeHlie 06eCIIe1.IHBaeT yrOJII<OM, Tor.n;a I<al< .n;pyroM yrOJIOK
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ECJrn B opHaMCHTe 3a.n;YMaHbI .n;eTa- 3BOJIHeT IIPI1 HaJII11.IHI1 He60JIbillOrO
JII1 C He60JIbffiI1MH oKpymHoCTHMll, Ha60pa nOJIYHpyrJIbIX CTaMeCOK BbI-
HX BbIpe3alOT nOJIYKpyrJIOM CTaMec- pe3aTh 01.IepTaHIDI caMbIX pa3JIH1.IHbIX
KOM. CTaMeCKY 3amI1MalOT B KYJIaKe pa.n;I1YCOB. )],aHHbrn IIpHeM IIpHMeHilM
JIe3BHeM BH113 C He60JIbillillvI HaKJIO- H B 60JIee CJIOmHOH peJIbeqmoM
HOM 1.IepeHl<a K eHTpy. OCTpaH HPOM- pe3b6e.
Ka CTaMeClrn: CTaBliTCH Ha paCCTOHHilH KaI< yme rOBopIDIOCb, 1<0HTypHYlO
1-1,5 MM OT JIilHHI1 BHYTpI1 Kpyra. pe3b6y Hepe,lJ,l<o BbIIIOJIHHIOT Ha 3a-
CTaMeCIm C HamHMOM yrJIy6mleTcH TOHI1pOBaHHoM H OTnOJII1pOBaHHoM
B ,aepeBo Ha 3--4 MM 11 nOBopoTOM IIoBepXHOCTI1. ECJlli Y30P BbIpe3aeTcH
KI1CTH PYl'".H npoKpYQHBaeTCH BOl<pyr Ha CBeTJIOM .n;peBeCI1He, ee 3a H aIOT
OCI1. )],BI1meHile H,lJ,cr .n;o Tex IIOp, IIOKa OT B03,n;eMCTBID! IIbIJIH H BJIarn IIpO-
JIilHI1H He 3aMImeTcH. TaI< ,!J,eJIaeTCH 3pa1.IHbIM JIaKOBbIM IIOKpbITHeM. fIe-
CTa.n;ID! Ha.n;pe3aHHH. Ilo,lJ,pe3aHI1e BbI- pe.n; nOKpbITile..'\1 JIaHOM pe3HYlO IIO-
nOJIHHeTCH 3TOM me I1Jlli HeCKOJIbKO BepXHOCTh IIIJIH<PYIOT Ham.n;a1.IHOM 6y-
OOJIee OTJIOrOM CTaMeCKOM. JXJlli 3TO- MarOH C MeJIKI1M 3epHOM. ECJlli IIO-
ro oTcTynalOT Ha 1-1,5 MM OT JII1HI1H BepxHocTb cTporaHaH, IIIJII1<PYIOT
pI1cyHKa BO BHemHlO1O CTOPOHY. 3a- lIlKypKOM, HaBepHYToM Ha .n;epeBHH-
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)24
npo ecce BpaU:\eHID! I13;:J;emIH B 3a-
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JIHIOT 1130 BCeX yr JIYOJIeHIDI pe3bObI
C nOMO blO O,le)f{HOll eTl{l1.
B 3aBMCI1MOCTH 01.' Ha3Ha1.1eHI1H
npe,n:Me1.'a HaHOCHT COOTBeTCTBYIO ee
nOKpbITI1e. fIOBepXHOCTh MO)f{HO 01.'-
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Ma1.'OBOrO nOKpbITMH, npOTllpaH pe3b-
oy meCTKOll KI1CTblO >I<I1,n:KO pa3Be-
,n:eHHbIM JIaKOM. JIaK HaHOCHT Bcero
B 0,n:I1H ClIOll. ECJlli nOTpeoye1.'cR,
nepe,n: np03pa1.1HbIM nOKpbITI1eM no-
BepXHOC1.'b pe3bObI IIOCJIe IIIJIM<pOBa-
HID! MO)f{HO 3a1.'OHI1pOBaTb, I1pI11.1eM
nJIOTHOCTb TOHa MO)f{eT ObITb caMOll
pa3JII11.1HOll - 01.' JIerKOll no,n:KpaCKII
nOBepXHOCTI1 ,n:o rJIyxoro TeMHorO
1.'OHa KaK no Bepxy I13.n;eJII1R, TaK 11
B pe3HbIX yrJIYOJIeHI1HX.
fIocJIe TOHI1pOBaHID! nepe,[l npo-
3pa1.1HbIM rraHOBbIM ILOKpbITI1eM pe -
HaH nOBepXHOCTb ,n:orr»ma XOpOlliO
npOCOXHY1.'b. ECJlli KpaCKa Ha CI1I1p-
TOBOO OCHOBe (TYIllb, MOpI1JIKa), OHa
COXHcr OKOJIO 1.1aca; BO,B;HbIe paC-fBO-
pbI TpeOYIOT BbI,n:ep»<I<I1 B Te4eHIIC
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IllI{OrrbHI1KOB pa3HOrO B03pacTa
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C rrryooKIIMll nOLlpe3aMM, C BbIRBJIe-
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B 3TOM CJIY1.1ae OHl1 oopa alOTcH K
peJIbeqmoll pe3boe.
Perrbe<pmm pe3boa oorree CJIO)f{HaH
B cpaBHCHW.1 C TeMll BI1.n;aMH, KOTopbIe
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Bl1)J,e pe3bobI <pOH HaXo,n:I1TCH Ha o,n:-
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or.neJIbHbIe Y1.1aCTI<I1 M30opa»<eHI1H
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3a Ct.IeT Tlero Ha nOBepXHOCTI1 JIenI1TCH
<popMa CBCTOTeHblO. Ta.M, r.n;e rrryoM-
Ha 60JThIllaH, YQaCTI<I1 TeMHee, oOJIee
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y'-laCTKax JIe)f{HT nJIOTHaH TeHb. fIo-
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4aeTCH B pa3Holl CTeneHI1 OCBe eH-
HOR I1Jlli 3aTeHeHHoll, 1.11.'0 npI1,n:aeT eR
OCOOYIO Bblpa3I1Te..'IbHOcTb.
Pem,c<pmUI pe3boa xapaKTepHa ,n:JIH
pYCCKoro ,[IepeBHHHoro 30,n:1.1eC1.'Ba.
HapR,n:HbIe Y30PbI Ha H30ax npeBpa-
aJlli ee B CHa301.1HbIe TepeM3
(pI1c. 100).
fIpI1 COQHHeHI1I1 pHcYHKa ,aJIH peJIb-
e<pHoll pe3bobI HY)f{HO YQI1TbIBaTb
He TOJIbKO HOH1.'ypbI 11300pa3MTerrb-
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HbIM, 3aTeHeHIIbIM, 3KTI1BHO KOHTpa-
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3JIeMeHTaMI1.
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HbI ObITb ocooeHHO OCTpbIMI1, 4TOObI
OCTaBJIRTb CO'-IHbIll, MaCJIRHMCTbIR
CpC3 Ha .n;epeBe. Be.D:b 3Ta pe3boa
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101. CTallHH BhIllOJIHeHIUI peJIbeqmoll pe3bohI
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pe3bObI BHJIIOYIaeT HeCHOJlbHO CTa,n:HM.
PaCC.MOTpllM HX Ha npI1.Mepe BbII10JIHe-
HID! pe3Horo lJ;BeTHa (pI1c. 101).
a. PI1CYHOH, nO,n:rOTOBJIeHHbrn B
HaTypaJIbHYIO BeJII1qI1HY oy,n:yuJ;eM
pe3bobI, nepeBo,n:HT Ha BblcT oraH.,.
HYIO 3aroToBHY C no.MoI.lJ;b1O HOnI1pO-
BaJIbHOM oY.MarI1, obIBllleM B yno-
TpeOJIemlli 11 H.MeIOIJ.J;eM cepbrn lJ;BeT.
3aroToBHY C pI1CYHHO.M Ha,n:e>KHO
3aHpenJIHIOT, TaR: HaH npH paOOTe ooe
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6. Ha,n:pe3aHHe 11 no,n:pe3aHI1e HOH-
TypOB I1300pameHI1H. BHaqaJIe yrJIy6-
JIHIOT Bce HOHTypHble JIHHHI1 11 rpa-
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pameHI1I1, a 3aTeM Ca.M PHCYHOH OT-
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rHyrble HOHTypHble yrJIYOJIeHID! ,n;e-
JIalOT HOCbIM HomOM CHaqaJIa C Ha-
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B cepe)J;I1He npope3bIBaeMOM nOJIOC-
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me Ha BbIIIOJIHeHI1e conpHmeHIDf B
qepqeHHH, TOJIbHO B pOJill HapaH,n:allIa
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TOB HeCHOJIbHO OTHJIOHHIOT 3a npe-
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,n:eTcH OTJIOr<lli nOJIYHpyrJIOM CTaMec-
HOM B HanpaBJIeHHHX, nepneH.D:llHY-
JIHpHbIX JIllHHH.M Ha,n:pe3a.
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HOM H300pameHI1e H pa.l\U<Y, y,n:aJIHIOT
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HpyrJIbIMil cTaMeCHaMI1, cpe3aH <pOH
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HanpaBJIeHHHX, HaR:' TOJIbHO y,n:oo-
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BaTb H300pameHI1e. .amr ::"lToro xopo-
IlII1 Bce HHcTpY.MeHTbI. HHor,n:a nOJIb-
3YlOTCH HOCbIM HomoM, 3aOBaJIHBaH
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pe3il Y3HOM nOJIYHpyrJIOM CTa.MeCHoM.
B HaIlIC.M npHMepe HapymHbIe HpaH
JIeneCTHOB H JII1CTbeB y,n:OOHO cpe3aTb
11 3aOnaJII1BaTb I.I.IMpOHOM nJIOCHOM
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CbIM HOmO.M. 3TI1Mll me HHCTpYMeH-
TaMil .Mo,n:eJIHpYIOT CTeOJIH H HpyrJIble
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JIbIMil CTaMeCKaMH. HeHOTOpbIe »<eCT-
Kile yrJIYOJIeHHbIe »<ilJIKil Ha JIilCTbHX
11 JIenecTI<ax BbInOJIHHIOT HOCbIM HO-
»<OM B Bll)];e KOHTYPHblX nope30K.
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TblMll B3allMHO nepneH.D;llKYJIHpHbI-
Mll KOHTypHblMll KaHaBKaMll C no-
MOru;blO Hocoro Ho»<a.
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TbI I1300pa»<eHllH, MO»<HO OIUITb 3a-
HHTbCH <pOHOM. ECJIil <pOH OCTaBJIHIOT
rJIa)];KllM, TO nOCJIe ero no)];60pKll
nJIOCKOM CTaMeCKOM aKKypaTHo, CO:"
O}IIO}.J.aH ooru:ni1 ypOBeHb, ero BbI-
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npaBllMblX CKOJIOB <poHa. 31'0 npOllC-
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raHCb no YXO)];HIJ.:\eMY B rJIyoI1HY ,n;e-
peBa CJIOIO, BbIpbIBaeT U3 nOBepx-
HOCTH CTPY»<KY OOJIbllIeM TOJIru;llHbI,
qeM CJIe)];yeT. fIoJJ;OllpaH <pOH, cpe3aH
KOHTypHyro KaHaBKY BOHpyr ll30opa-
»<eHllH, JIyqllIe nOJIb30BaTbCH KHHH-
KOM, cnerKa Yl apHH ero nO qepeHKY
CTa.MeCKH. YCHJIHll Ha 3TO YXO)];llT
He.l\1HOrO, O.D:HaHO n03BOJIHeT COH3Me-
pHTb y-: apbI C xapaKTepOM paOOTbI.
Ha <pOH MO»<HO paBHOMepHO HaHeCTll
npO)];OJIbHbIe Y3KHe HaHaBI<ll, MO»<HO
ero C;1eJIaTb qeIIlyi!qaTbIM rryTeM JIer-
Koro «HOBbIpHHI1H}) nOJIYKpyrJIOH
cTaMecKoH, MO»<HO HaCeqb <pOH qac-
TbIlVU1 Y.D;apaMll OCTporo rB03)];H.
PeJIbeqmaH pe3boa OOblt.IHO He no-
JIllpyeTcH, pe)];KO JIaHllpyeTcH )];0 OJIe-
CKa. 4aru;e Bcero peJIbe<pHyro pe3bOY
OCTaBJIHlOT MaTOBOH C COqHbIMll CJ1e-
.D;a.l\111 cpe30B CTaMeCKaMI1. MaTOBb:rH
JIaK, B COCTaB KOToporo BXO.D;HT na-
pa<p1IH, rrpI100peCTH )];OBOJIbHO TPY)];-
HO, n03TOMY g..rm l\-'I.aTOBOH OT)];eJIKll
llCnOJIb3YlOT »<ll.D;KO pa3Be.D;eHHbIH
OObIqHbrn JIaK (HllTpOlteJIJIIOJI03Hbrn,
CMOJIHHOH, MaCJIHHbIH, cnllpTOBOM).
TaKllM JIaHOM C nOMOm;blO m;eTllHHOH
HllCTH Hacyxo npOTllpalOT O.D;llH pa3
Bce )];eTaJIH peJThe<pa, <pOR, BbmYKJIO-
CTH. BbICbIxaH, JIaK BnllTbIBaeTCH B
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TeHOB. Pe3boa npOHBJIHeTCH, CTaHO-
BllTCH CBe»<eH, Tal< KaK pe3KO BbIHB-
JIHeTCH TeHcTypa cpe30B.
HHTepeCHaH nOBepXHOCTh peJIbe<p-
HOM pe3bObI nOJIyqaeTCH nOCJIe OO»<ll-
ra ee naHJThHOM JIaMnOH C nOCJIe)];ylO-
llIeH npOqllCTKOH B)];OJTh BOJIOKOH »<e-
CTHOH MeTaJIJIHqeCHoH m;eTHOM. Ha
pe3HOM peJIbe<pe, ocooeHHO Ha XBOH-
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nOJIOCaTaH TeHcTypa.
He HaAo OOHTbCH nepe»<eqb epe-
BO. ECJIH era nOBepXHOCTb ooyrJII1-
JIaCb, nOqepHeJIa, a pe3boy HY»<HO
C.D;eJIaTb nOCBeTJIee, Tm;aTeJlbHO C CH-
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qeCKOH m;eTKoH. I1pll 31'011'1 npOBOJIOI{a
m;eTKil BbIOllpaer MHrKIie, HallOOJIee
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yqaCTKIi C nOqepHeBIlIIi.l\1 rpeOHeM
HaqI1HalOT peJlbe<pHO npocTynaTb.
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CKOJIbHO pa3, qepe)];YH ero C npOqIiCT-
KoH m;eTHOH. OcooeHHO BbIpa3HTeJlb-
HO )];eKOpaTIiBHaH TeKcTypa npOCTY-
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xa, oepe3a) CJIOll BbIpa»<eHbI CJIaoee,
n03TOMY npH OO»<Hre pe3boa JII111Ib
nplloopeTaeT TeMHbrn TOH oe3 3aMeT-
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BalOT caMhIe pa3JIMqHhIe nJlOCI<OCTII
(pIIC. 102).
Jl.EPEBJIHHAH M03AI1KA
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<paHepoI< pa3JIlIQHhIX nopo,lJ;. BOT no-
I<a3aJICH cYQOI<, noxomlIM Ha rJIa3;
no,lJ; HMM TaI<aH me <paHepI<a C cYQ-
I<OM. CI<JIeeHHhIe BMeCTe II o6pe3aH-
HhIe no I<OHTYPY, . OHM C03,D.aIOT CI<a-
30QHhIM JIeCHOM o6pa3 (plIC, 103).
03alII<a - pe,lJ;I<oe IICI<YCCTBO no
cBoeMY 3CTenIQeCI<OMY B03JJ;encTBIIIO
Ha ,lJ;eTeM. 06ll1;elUIe C .n;peBeCHhIMlI
130
nopo.n;aMlI, IIMelOll1;IIMlI CJIOmHhIe no
BeToBoMY cocTaBY OTTeHI<H, BhIpa-
6aThIBacr Y lllI<OJIbHIII<OB 3p1ITeJlb-
HYIO I<YJIbTYPY, CO,lJ;eMcTByeT <popMlI-
pOBaHlIlO YCTOMQm hlX 3CTeTIIQeCI<IIX
O eHOI<. BMecTe C TeM, C03JJ;aBaJI MO-
3alIQHhIe Ha6ophI, ,ueTII npOXO,lJ;HT
XOPOlllYIO TpY,lJ;OByro nO,lJ;rOTOBI<Y.
Be.D;b ,lJ;JUI Toro QTo6hI 1I3rOTOBlITb
M03alIQHOe naHHO, HymHo HaYQIITbCJI
BJIa.n;eTb MHOrlIMlI CTOJIHpHhL'\1lI IIH-
cTpYMeHTaMlI, 3HaTh npIIH IIIIhI pa-
60ThI .n;epeBoo6pa6aThIBalOll1;lIX CTaH-
I<OB M YMeTh nOnb30BaTbCR MMM. OnhIT
pa60TbI nOl<a3aJI, T.ITO B npo ecce
3aHRTMH M03aMI<OH Y ml<OnbHMI<OB
<pOpMMPyeTcR HaCTOHT.IMBOCTb, al<I<Y-
paTHOCTb, YMeHMe .n;OBeCm HaT.IaTOe
.n;eJIO .n;0 1<0H a. 3TM l<aT.IeCTBa He06-
XO,IJ;HMbI .n;JUJ BOnnOlUeHIDI B MaTe-
pMaJIe 3a.n;YMaHHoro M03aMT.IHOrO CIO-
meTa.
31<cI<ypCMH: Ha Me6eJIbHhle npe.n;-
npMRTMR, r.n;e C nOMOIIU>1O COBpeMeH-
Horo 060py.n;oBamUI npOM3Bo.n;RTCR
MHorMe onepa MM, cBoikTBeHHhIe
TeXHOJIOrMT.IeCI<OMY npo eccy Mepe-
BRHHOM M03aMI<M, .n;alOT B03MomHOCTb
.n;eTRM 3HaT.IMTeJIbHO paCmMpMTh CBOM
I<pyr030p, n03Hal<OMMTbCR C pa60T.IM-
MM npo<peccMRMM.
Ha6mo.n;aH MHoro06pa3Me paC Be-
TOI< M Tel<CTYP .n;peBeCHhlX <pOPM,
BCTpeT.IaIOIUMXCR B ro.n;MT.IHhlX CJIORX
MaTepMaJIa, IOHbIe MaCTepa" M03aMI<H
npOHMl<alOTCR YBameHMeM I< JIecy.
.IIeTH MHhIMM rJIa3aMM Ha'tJ:MHaIOT
CMOTPeTh Ha 3eneHoe 60raTcTBo CTpa-
RbI - rna3aMM BHMMaTeJlbHhIX Mccne-
.n;OBaTeJIeM, paT.IMTenbHhIX X03ReB, a
He CJIYT.IaMHhIX npoxomMX. JIec AJIR
HMX CTaHOBMTCR 1<0JInel< HeM YHH-
l<aJIbHhIX I<na.n;OBhlX I<paCOTbI - .n;e-
peBbeB, no.n; 1<0pOM 1<0TOphIX M30
.n;HR B .n;eHb Hal<anJIMBaeTCR eHHeM-
mnM: xy.n;omeCTBeHHbIH MaTepMaJI.
I1 CI<YCCTBO JJ:epeBRHHOM M03aMI<M
6epeT CBoe HaT.IanO OT .n;peBHeM MH-
I<pYCTa MH - YI<pameHMR p;epeBRH-
HhlX npep;MeTOB Bpe31<aMM M3 cnOHO-
BOM I<OCTM, MeTanJIOB, CMaJIbThI M T. p;.
I1epexop; OT MHI<pYCTaU;MM I< p;epeBRH-
HOM M03aMI<e npOM30men He cpa3Y. 1
.D:onroe BpeMR cpe,IJ;H BCTaBOI< M3
CJIOHOBOM I<ocm, p;paro eHHhlX Me-
TannOB M P;PyrMx MaTepManOB p;epe-
BRHHble BI<JIeMI<M 6hIJill Jillmb Bcno-
MoraTenbHhIM Yl<pameHMeM. TaI<OBbI,
HanpMMep, HaXOp;I<M M3 rp06HM bI
enmeTCI<OrO <papaOHa TYTaHxaMoHa.
On;HaI<O co BpeMeHeM nopop;hI, MMelO-
II.1;Me Rpl<Me, COT.IHhIe paC BeTI<H, Ha-
T.IMHaIOT Bce 60JIbme npMTRrMBaTb I<
ce6e BHMMaHMe MaCTepOB, OT.IapOBaH-
HhlX HeMCT.IepnaeMhIM 60raTCTBOM
p;peBeCHOM naJIl1TphI. I1ocTeneHHO p;e-
peBRHHhIe BCTaBlili 6e3 MHOpOP;HhIX
MaTepMaJIOB 3aHRJlli MeCTO OCHOBHoro
p;el<opa B M3p;enMM. Tal< M3 MHl<pycTa-
MM BhIp;enMJIOCb MCI<YCCTBO MHTap-
CMH - Yl<pameHMe p;epeBRHHhIX
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(T.IepHOe JJ:epeBO, Ke.n;p, Kl-IrrapMC, caM-
lllMT, MommeBenbHHK, MaCJIMHa, me-
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HaM60nee u;eHHbIM CT.IHTaJIOCb T.IepHOe
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B X V BeKe HaM60nblllMX ycrrexoB B
MCKYCCTBe MHTapCMH .n;OCTMrJIM q,no-
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TalOII.J;MM Ha.n; Ha6opOM: B erO pYKax
Hom C .n;nMHHOH M30rHYTOH PYT.IKOH,
KOTOPaH rrpM BbIpe3aHMH yrrMpanaCb
B rrneT.IO (pHC. 104).
Bo BTOpOH rronOBMHe X V I BeKa
rrpoM30111nH C06bITMH, 03HaMeHOBaB-
lllMe HOBbrn 3Tarr B MCTOpMH .n;epeBHH-
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3TH TeXHUT.IeCKHe YCOBepllleHCTBOBa-
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BbIrronHeHUH M03aMT.IHbIX Ha6opOB M
rrpMBneKnH K pa60Te HOBbIX TaJIaHT-
nUBbIX MaCTepOB.
B 60-x ro.n;ax XVIII BeKa xy.n;ome-
CTBeHHbIM Ha6opOM CTaJlli 3aHMMaTbCH
KperrOCTHbIe MaCTepa POCCMM. I1ocTe-
rreHHO MCKYCCTBO M03aMKH rrpOHMKno
BO MHorMe ry6epHMH POCCMM. B Me-
6enbHbIX MaCTepCKMX 60raTbIX BeJIb-
MOm U3rOTOBJIHnaCb Me6enb, q,aHe-
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Ba. Hau60nee M3BeCTHOJI B KOHD;e
X V III BeKa CT.IHTanaCb MaCTepCKaH
llIepeMeTeBbIx, r.n;e pa60nm o.n;MH M3
KpyrrHeHllll-lX crreu;uanUCTOB B o6na-
CTM .n;epeBHHHoro xy.n;omecTBeHHoro
Ha60pa HUKl-I<PoP BaCMJIbeB. K 3TO-
MY BpeMeHl-l OTHOCHTCH ero M03aMT.I-
HaH KOMrr03M IH, Ha6paHHaH Ha rrpH-
MoyronbHoH .n;BYXMeTpOBOH KpbIlllKe
CTona .n;JIH HOT (pMC. 105).
Bo BTOpOH rronOBUHe X V I I I BeKa
pa60TaJI eru;e o.n;MH lf3BecTHbrn MacTep
133
M03aHIill M. 51. BepeTeHHMKOB. CO-
XpaHMJIMCb .n;Ba npe.n;MeTa, nO.n;nMcalt-
HbIe ero MMeHeM. 3TO He60JThIIme
napHbIe CTOJIMKM C npHMoyrOJThHbIMM
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W;HIill. B cepe.n;MHe X V I I BeKa BO
cf>paHI.J;ID:I 6bIJIa pa3pa6oTaHa HOBaH
TeXHOJIOrIDI p;epeBHHHoM M03aMKM -
MapKeTpM. B OTJIM Me OT MHKpycTa-
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Bax HOBOii TeXHOJIOrI1H, ee 60JIbIlIMX
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pm TOT <paKT, TO Ha npOTHmeHMM
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pO,D;bI B BM,D;e TOHKOM O.n;HOCJIOMHOM
HomeBOM <paHepbI (ilinOHa), M,D;yw;eM
Ha 06JIMI.J;OBKY Me6eJlli.
.II:JIH C03.n;aHHH M03aM Horo Ha60pa
nOTpe6yeTcH pH)]; MHCTpYMeHTOB M
npMcnoco6JIeHMM. Ifenocpe.n;CTBeH-
Hbrn no.n;6op MaTepMaJIa B naHHO ocy-
w;eCTBJIHeTCH C nOMOW;blO JIMIIIb o.n;-
Horo Homa. I1M MOmeT 6bITh M KOCOM
Hom, M3rOTOBJIeHHbrn M3 06JIOMKa
134
nOJIOTHa CJIeCapHOM HOmOBKM (CM.
pMC. 60).
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HHH M03aM Horo Ha60pa BKJ1IO aeT
HeCKOJIbKO 3TanOB: BbInOJIHeHMe pM-
CYHKa M03aM HOM KOMn03MI.J;I1H If ne-
peBOp; ero Ha KaJIbKY, a 3aTeM Ha .n;e-
peBHHHYIO OCHOBY; BbIpe3aHMe rHe3-
p;a no o epTaHMHM pMCYHKa; nOMCK
no.n;xo.n;.Hw;ero MaTepMana .n;JIH 3anOJI-
HeHHH 06pa30BaBilierOCH rHe3p;a M
nepeBO.n; o epTaHM:H rHe3Aa Ha HaM-
.n;eHHYIO <paHepKY; BbIpe3aHMe BCTaB-
Horo 3JIeMeHTa M coe,D;MHeHMe ero C
<p OHOM ; npMKJIeMBaHMe (<paHepOBa-
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npo HYIO OCHOBY; IlIJlli<pOBaHMe, OT-
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MOK M 060pOTHOM CTOpOllbI Ha6opa.
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lIbI Ha I.J;BeTHOM MJIJIIOCTpaI.J;ID:I 18.
q To6bI TeXHOJIOrM eCKMe onepaI.J;MM
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nOJIHHeTCH Ha 6YMare B HaTypaJIbHYIO
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cTeM, CBH3aHHbIX co cneI.J;M<pMKoM ,D;e-
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KYCCTBa Bce npe.n;MeTbI (33. pe.n;KMM
HCKJ1IO eHMeM) M306pamalOTcH CTpO-
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paKypCbI H nOBopOTbI, IlIMpOKO npM-
MeHHeMbIe B mMBOIIMCM, B .n;epeBHH-
HOH M03aMKe nO TM He BCTpe aIOTCH.
qacTo p;aeTCH TOJIbKO HaMeK, OT.n;eJIb-
HaH .n;eTaJIb M306pamaeMoro npe.n;Me-
Ta HJlli 'ero npe,D;eJIbHO ynpow;eHHbIM
CTMJlli30BaHHbrn CMMBOJI. O.n;HaKO
TpaKTYIOTCH OHM TaK, TO Y 3pMTeJIH
C03QaeTCH nOJIHoe npe.n;CTaBJIeHMe 0
BHeIIIHeM BM)J;e BCero. npe)J;MeTa :HJIM
HBJIeHMH.
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Bo.J];HT Ha KaJII,KY. I1o.BepHYB KaJII,KY
Ha npo.TMBo.no.JIo.iI-<HYIO CTo.po.HY, no.-
nyqaIOT M30.6pameHMe, 0.6paTHo.e no.J];-
ro.To.BMTeJII,Ho.MY PMCYHKY. B 3To.M
o.J];MH M3 CeKpeTo.B TeXHo.JIo.nrn J];epe-
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JIo.M. TaKaH KaJII,Ka no. npo.spaqHo.CTM
He YCTynaeT <Pa6PMqHo.H. Mo.mHo. no.-
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B 3epKaJII,Ho.M o.TpameHMM no. o.THo.-
IIIeRIno. K no.p;ro.To.BMTeJlbHo.MY PM-
CYHKY, o.p;HaKo. B TaKo.M BMJ];e Ms0.6pa-
meHHe o.CTaHeTCH To.JII,Ko. B npo.u:ecce
no.p;60.pa. Ko.rp;a M0.3aMKa 6yp;eT BbI-
no.JIHeHa, PMCYHo.K BHo.BI, BepHeTCH B
MCXo.p;Ho.e no.JIo.meHHe. Kal< 3To. npo.-
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KJIo.Ho.M PyqKY HJrn KapaHp;aIII. q To.-
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135
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136
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3HaqMTeJIbHO 60JIee rrporpeCCMB-
HhIM HBJIHeTCH cnoco6 3anpeCCOBK11.
KaqeCTBO pa60TbI npM 3TOM nOBhIllIa-
eTCH, a pMCK 11CrrOpTMTb Ha60p CHM-
maeTCH ,Qo M11H11MYMa.
ITpeccoBaTb Ha60pbI MomHO pa3-
JlliqHOrO po.n;a MexaHM3MaMH 11 npH-
cnOC06JIeHMHMM rM,QpaBJlliqeCKOrO,
BMHToBoro, nHeBMaTMqeCKOrO xapaK-
Tepa. HaM60JIee cOBepllIeHHbIMH B
HaCTOHll!ee BpeMH Cq11TaIOTCH MHOrO-
npOJIeTHble (MHoro3TamHble) rM.n;paB-
139
JIMt.JeCKMe npeCCbI C nJIMTaMM, 060-
rpeBaeMbIMH nO)];OrpeTbIM napOM. Ta-
KHMl1 MeXaHlI3MaMl1 OCHarn;eHbI Me-
6eJIbHbIe npe)];npMHTlUI.
B YCJIOBHHX KpY>KKa HJIH CTY)];HH
HaH60JIee Y)];06HO aHepoBaTb Ha60-
pbI rJIIOTHHOBbIMl1 KJIeHMH cnOC060M
3anpeCCOBKH B XOMYTOBbIX cTPy6qn-
HaX (CM. pHC. 65). OCHOBY nOKpbIBa-
lOT C O,l];HOM CTOpOHbI ropHt.JHM pac-
TBOpOM >KHJJ:KOrO KJIeH, a 3aTeM Ha-
KJIa)];hIBalOT Ha Hee Ha60p BBepx
6YMa>KHhIMH: JIeHTaMH. Bce 3TO Ha-
}CpblBaIOT JIHCTOM 6YMarH, HanpHMep
ra3eToM, H nepeBopat.J11BalOT Ha 06-
paTHYIO CTOPOHY, KOTOPYIO TaK>Ke Ha-
Ma3bIBaIOT KJIeeM.
Ha KJIeeBOM paCTBOp HaKJIa)];hIBa:-
lOT JIHCT illnOHa (<<Py6aillKY»), paB-
HbIll pa3Mepy Ha60pa. HanpaBJIeHHe
BOJIOKOH Ha 3TOM aHepe H Ha ;::J;pe-
BeCHHe Ha60pa )];OJI>KHO 6bITb OJ];l1Ha-
KOBbIM. HaKpblBalOT H 3TY CTOPOHY
6YMaroM.
K 3TOMY MOMeHTY )];OJI>KeH 6hITb
rOTOB npecc - XOMyroBhIe cTPy6qH-
HhI pa3Be)];eHbI Ha COOTBerCTBYIOrn;ee
paCCTOHHHe. B HMX BJIO>KeHa npot.J-
HaH pOBHaH nJIHTa nO pa3MepaM He-
CKOJIbKO uUHpe aHepyeMoM )];eTaITH.
Ha nJI11TY KJIa)];YT HarpeTYIO )];0 70-
80 u C MeTaJIJII1t.JeCKYIO npOKJIa)];KY 113
qHHKa, Me)];11 HJIH )];IOpaJIIOMI1HHH.
Ha Hee nOMern;alOT IIO)];rOTOBJIeHHbIM
K aHepOBaH11IO Ha60p. EYMara, Ka-
caHCb MeTaJUIa, 06eperaeT Ha60p OT
3arpH3HeHlIH H npe)];OTBparn;aeT npH
KJIe11BaHHe nJIaCT11HbI K Ha6opy. Ha
HerO KJIa)];YT )];PyryIO HarpeTYIO Me-
TaJIJIHt.JeCKYIO npOKJIa)];KY, a Ha Hee -
TOJICTYIO npOt.JHYIO POBHYIO nJIHTY.
Bce 3TO 3a>KMMalOT )];0 npe)];eJIa BHH-
TaMl1. TaKoM «CJIOeHbIll n11por» )];OJI-
>KeH npOJIe>KaTb B npecce 1,5-2 t.Jaca.
140
Kor)];a aHepYIOTcH 3arOTOBKH H3
IIJ-IJIOMaTepMaJIOB, TO BOJIOKHa 060-
pOTHOM «Py6aillKH» H OCHOBHoe Ha-
npaBJIeHHe BOJIOKOH B )];eTaJIHX MO
3aHKH )];OJI>KHhI pacnOJIaraTbCH no)];
yrJIOM B 45 -90 K HanpaBJIemuo BO-
JIOKHa B OCHOBe. To >Ke OTHOCHTCH H
K HaKJIeHBamuo illnOHa Ha KJIeeHYIO
aHepy.
HaMa3aHHaH KJIeeM OCHOBa )];OJI>K-
Ha 6bITh HeCKOJIbKO BhI)];ep>KaHa, t.JTO-
6hI BJIara KJIeH BnMTaJIaCb B )];epeBO,
XOpOillO CMOt.J11B KJIeeBbIM paCTBO-
pOM aHepyeMYIO nJIOCKOCTb. BbI-
,n;ep>KH:a 3aBHCHT OT MHOrHX npHt.J11H:
,
OT MapKH II rYCTOTbI KJIeH, era COCTa-
Ba, TeMnepaTypbI nOMern;emrn: II )];pe-
BeCHHbI, npHMelffieMoro npeccyrorn;e-
rO YCTpOMCTBa, TeMnepaTyphI nJIHT
npecca H '{. )];. OTKphITaH BhI)];ep>KKa
rJIIOTHHOBoro nOKpbITHH npOBO)];HT-
CH B Tet.JeH11e HeCKOJIbKHX Ml1HYT.
,I:(aBJIeHHe Ha M03aHt.JHhIll Ha60p
npH aHepOBaHH11 TalOKe 3aBHC11T OT
MHorHX npHt.J11H. I1pH HOpMaJIbHOM
KJIeeBOM COCTaBe )];aBJIeH11e KOJIe6-
JIeTCH OT t.JeThIpex )];0 )];eCHTH Kr Ha
KBa)];paTHbIll CaHT11MeTp. 'lh06hI He
OUITH6HTbCH H He HcnopTHTb M03a11t.J-
HbIll Ha60p, )];eJIaIOT OJJ:HY-)];Be np06-
HbIe 3al1peCCOBKH.
Cyrn;ecTByeT oUITH6ot.JHoe MHeHHe,
t.JTO B Kat.JeCTBe npecca MO>KHO HC-
nOJIb30BaTb KaKOM-HII6YJJ:b rpY3, Ha-
npHMep CTonKY KHlIr. 'lh06bI Kat.Je-
CTBeHHO 3aclJaHepOBaTb M03aWlHbIM
Ha60p pa3MepOM 10 '. 10 CM, nOTpe-
6yeTcH «CTonKa KHHr» BeCOM B 400 Kr.
3TO, KOHe':mo, Hey)];o6Ho.
B M03aHKe He BCer)];a Y,lJ;aeTCH nO-
)];06paTb uunOH O)];HHaKOBOH TOJIrn;11-
HbI, n03TOMY npH aHepOBaHH11 BO
H36e>KaHHe HenpHKJIeeHHblX )];eTaJIeM
H B03)];YillHhlX nY3hIpeM Me>K,lJ;Y Ha-
60POM, HaI<pbITbIM 6YMaro i, H Me-
TannW-IeCI<OH rrpOKTIagI<OH rrOMeIT(aIOT
cro"H <peTpa HJlli ToncToro CYI<Ha, I<O-
TOpbrn rr03BOJIHT paBHOMepHO pac-
rrpegenHTb gaBneHHe Ha Bce Y'IaCTI<H.
<PaHepyeMoe H3geJme HaxogHTcR
rrog gaBneHHeM go Tex rrop, nOI<a KneH
He oTBepgeeT. PemHMbI aHepOBaHHR
3aBHcm OT rrpHMeHReMoro I<neR. Ha-
rrpHMep, nlIOTHHOBble KTIeH rrpH XO-
."IOgHbIX rrmnax oTBepmgaIOTcR 33
6-8 qaCOB, a rrpH rrOgorpeBe mmT
;:J;O 70-80 C - 33 1,5-2 'Iaca.
BbIHYTbrn H3 rrpecca ru;HT gonmeH
6bITb BbIgepman orrpegeneI-lHOe Bpe-
:llR, gJI5I TorO 'IT06bI KneeBoH IIIOB
rrpH06pen 60nbIIIYIO rrpO'IHOCTb,
ypaBHoBecH.TIOCb HarrpHmeHHe rrO
BceH rrnOCI<OCT'.1 IT(HTa, paBHoMepHo
pacrrpege.TIHnaCb Bnara KneR. ITo Tex-
HOnOrI-lli rronaraCTCH rJIIOTHHOBbIC
KnCH BbIgepmHBaTb 1-2 CYTOK npH
rOpRtIeM rrpeCCOBamn-I II 3--5 CYTOI<
rrpH xonop;HOM. B rrpaKTHKe I<pymI<o-
BOH pa60TbI Ha OP;HOM 3aHRTHll Ha60-
pbI <paHcpYIOTCR, a Ha p;pyroM Be.u:CT-
CH HX 06pa60TKa,
CllHTeTll'IeCKlle KTIeH rogRTcfl KaI<
gJTR xonogHoro, Tal{ 1I gJUl rOpR'IerO
rrpecca. Pa60q}ru: COCTaB KnCR npeg-
CTaBnReT C060H CMCCh: Ha 100 'IaCreH
CMOJIbI p;06aBnHIOT OT 0,5 )10 1,5 'Iac-
TeH OTBCpp;HTC.TIH.
BpeMH HaxomgeHlIR M03aWIHoro
Ha60pa C OCHOBOH B rrpecce 3aBllCllT
OT TeMrrepaTypbI nnM'f. ECJlli rrJlliTbI
rOpR'IHe (100-..120 C), TO I<JIeH OT-
BepmgaeTcR B TeqeHHe 2-8 MHHYT.
ECJlli TeMrrepaTypa rrnllT BbIllIe, TO
BpeMH OTBcpp;eBaHIIH YMCHbIllaCTCR.
ITpH xonogHoM rrpeCCOBaHHll CHHTC-
TH'IeCI<HMll KJIeRMll rrpop;o.TIllillTeJIb-
HOCTb BbIgepmJ{ll nog gaBJleHIIeM CO-
CTaBJIRCT OT 4--5 'IaCOB p;o O,l];HHX
CYTOK BbIHYTble ll3 rrpecca IT(IlTbI,
<paHepoBaHHble CHHTeTH'IeCKHMH: I<ne-
RMll, BbmepmHBaIOT OT 2-3 'IaCOB
p;o O,aHllX CYTOK
ITpH <paHepoBaHllll I<pllBOmmeM-
HbIX rroBepXHocTeM rrpHMeHRIOT pa3-
JIH'IHble rrpHcrroc06neHHR: I<OHTp-
rrpo<pHnbHble, pee'IHble HJlli cblI1Y'IHe
ynarH, rrpHcrroc06neHIDI C rH6I<HMll
JIeHTaMH: H T. p;.1.
Cnep;YIOIT(Illi 3Tarr pa60TbI Hap; Ha-
60pOM - rrop;rOTOBI<a erO rrop; rrpo-
3pa'IHble rrOI<pbITHR. ITpemp;e Bcero
cnegyeT OCB060P;HTbCR OT KneeBoM
JleHTbI, 3anerr.rrn:IOIT(eM nHI eBYIO CTO-
POHY M03allKH. 3p;eCb HymHo 6bITb
rrpegenbHo BHHMaTenbHbIM, TaK KaK
Hepep;Ko HMeHHO 3Ta orrepa llH rrpH-
BOglIT K rH6eJlli Ha60pa. Be,lI:b TOHKllM
cnoH UII10Ha TaK nerKO rrpOIIIJIH<p0-
BaTb go OCHOBbI.
TaI< I{ill{ III.rrn:<pOBanbHble MaIIIHH-
KH, yp;06Hble B YCJIOBHJIX IIIKonbHoro
I<pymKa, - BeIT(b p;oBonbHo pe,aKaR,
TO pe6RTa C'II1IT(aIOT neHTY 'IaIT(e
Bcero C rrOl\lOIT(bIO HI<Jlli (CTaJThHOM
rrnaCTHHI<H C OTorHYTbIMH: pemYIT(H-
MH I<pOMKaMH) HJlli IIIIm OBanbHOM
IllKypKH.
DHKneBaHHe p;acr XOpOIIIHM pe-
3YJIbTaT TonbKO rrpH OTnH'IHO rrop;ro-
TOBneHHOM HHCTpYMeHTe, .amI rpyrr-
ITbI B 12-15 'IenOBeI< rrop;rOTOBHTb
HKJlli O'IeHb cnomHO, a caMH: Y'Ia-
IT(I1eCH 3TO c,aeJIaTh He CMorYT. ITo-
3TOMY I-:!Horga Y'IeHllI<ll C'IHIT(aIOT
KneeBYIO neHTY OCTpbIMH: pe6paMH
6HTOro CTeKna, 'ITO CHllmaeT Ka'Ie-
CTBO pa60TbI H rrpHBop;m K rny60KHM
rrOpe3aM PYK. ITpemp;e Bcero MomHO
Hcrrom>30BaTb Ham,l];a'IHYIO 6YMary,
I [loIlPo6Hee CM.: Eo 6 H K 0 B n. .JJ:.,
:r 10 T e p III T e f'! H M. E. <PaHepOBaJIbHble
pa60Th!. M., 1974.
141
HaBepHYTYIO Ha gepeBHHHbrn 6PYCOK,
HJrn H3rOTOBHTh 1II.TImpOBaJIbHbIM
Kpyr - npHcnoco6neHHe K CBep-
nHnbHOMY CTaHKY, 0 KOTOpOM rOBO-
pmIOCb BMilie.
JJ:JUI nonY'-IeHHfl 60nee Ka'-IeCTBeH-
HOM nOBepXHOCTM nOcne UInmpOBa-
HID! yganflIOT BOpC - nopBaHHbIe BO-
nOKHa, KOTopbIe 6Y;::J;YT 3agHpaTbcH
npH nOKpbITMH nOBepXHOCTI1 naKaMH.
OTIUnmpOBaHHYIO nnOCKOCTb npOTH-
paIOT TaMnOHOM, CMO'-IeHHbIM B 3-
5-npou;eHTHoM TennOM pacTBope nno-
TI-IHOBOrO KneH. IIocne BbICbIxaHHH
nOBepxHocTb 0rn;eTHH1-maeTCH CYXH-
MI-I meCTKI-IMI-I BopCHHKaMI-I. l1x Hym-
HO cOIlInH<poBaTh MeJll{OM HamJ];a'-IHOM
6YMaroM.
KaK nOKa3bIBaeT npaKTHKa, nocne
OKOH'-IaTenbHoM lIIJlli<pOBlill H Y;::J;ane-
HID! BOpca none3HO npOlIInHcPOBaTb
Ha60p CYIlIeHbIM XBOll.{OM, B cTe6nHX
KOTOpOro HaXOJ];HTCfl MHoro KpeMHe-
3eMa. PYCCKHe MaCTepa C J];peBHeHlIIHX
BpeMeH Hcnonb30BaJrn XBOrn;. 3TOT
npHpOJ];Hbrn MaTepHan KaK Manonpo-
1-13BOJ];HTenbHbIM 6blli 3a6bIT npH ne-
pexoJ];e K MeXaHH'-IeCKOM 06pa60TKe
)];peBeCHHbI. XBOrn; paCCbmaIOT nO
nOBepXHOCTI1 Ha60pa 1-1 C nOMOll.{bIO
BaTbI Be)];yr lIInH<p0Bl<Y B)];OJIb Bono-
KOH )];peBecHHbI. IIocne 06pa60TKH
Ha60pa XBOll.{OM CHHmaeTCfl pacxoJ];
oTJ];enO'-IHbIX MaTepHanoB, a Ka'-IeCTBO
nonHpoBlrn ynY'-IlliaeTcH. JJ:nH norn;e-
HID! nOBepXHOCTI1 HapH)J;Y C XBOrn;OM
npHMeHflIOT H 06bI'-IHYIO )];peBeCHYIO
cTpymKY, 06pa3YIOll.{yroCH npH CTpO-
raHHH. IIpOIIInH<pOBaHHaH Ta:I{JiM'06-
pa30M nOBepXHOCTb Ha60pa rOTOBa K
)];aJIbHeMllieM 06pa60TKe.
ECJrn C06nIO)];aTb KnaCCH'-IeCKYIO
TeXHOnOrH'-IeCKYIO nocnegoBaTenb-
HOCTb B 06pa60TKe M03aH'-IHOM nO-
142
BepXHOCTI-I, TO Cne)];YIOll.{eM onepan;H-
eM )];OnmHO 1-I)];TI1 nop03anOnHeHl-le.
Ho B lIIKonbHoM npaKTHKe ::ny CTa-
J];1fiO 06bI'-IHO onYCKaIOT 1-1. cpa3Y nepe-
XO)];HT K np03pa'-IHoM OTJ];enKe.
HaH60nee npocToM BI-I)]; OT)];emrn-
BOCKOBoe MaTOBoe nOKpbITHe. 3Ta
OT)];enKa J];aeT. MHrImM, cnoKoMHbIM
6necK, 6e3 pe3KMX 6nHKYIOll.{HX nfl-
TeH. MaToBoe nOKpbITHe )];OCTHraeTCH
C nOMO IO BOCKOBbIX MaCTHK. Pe-
KOMeHJ];yeM Cne)];YIOrn;ID1: COCTaB Mac-
THIm (B npOn;eHTax):
BOCK
CTeapIIH
MbIJIO
- 30
-10
-10
CKIInII ap - 40
KaHmpOJIb - 10
CHa'-Iana pacnnaBnflIOTcH KaHH-
<pOJIb, BOCK Ii CTeapHH B MeTannH'-Ie-
CKOM cocyge nYTeM HarpeBa )];0 80-
90 G C, 3aTeM Ty)];a )];06aBnmoT Mbmo
HacTporaHHoe. '-Iepe3 KpYllHyro TepKY.
Bce 3TO nnaBI-ITCH 1-1 XOpOlliO nepeMe-
IlIHBaeTCH. 3aTeM MaCTI-IKa oCTymaeT-
Cfl H pa36aBnfleTcfl CKI-IITH;::J;apoM )];0
pa60'-IeM BH3KOCTH. Ci<HITH;::J;ap npH-
MeHfleTCfl cBeTnbIM, np03pa'-IHbIM.
XpaHHT ero B TeMHbIX CTeKnflHHbIX
cocy)];ax C IIpl-lTepTQM I-IJIH 3aB H'-IH-
BaIOll.{eMCfl np06KoM B IIpOXna)];HOM
3aTeMHeHHOM MeCTe. Ha cBeTY H B
TennOM MeCTe CKHITH;::J;ap 6bICTpO
oKHcnfleTcfl; MYTHeeT, npl-l06peTaeT
menToBaTbIM HaneT. TaKoM CKHIIH-
gap CHllmaeT Ka'-IeCTBO BOCKOBOM Mac-
THKH, TaK KaK nnoxo HcnapfleTcfl H
Be)];eT K nOTeMHeHIfiO np03pa'-IHOrO
BOCKOBoro cnOfl.
MomHo BOcnonb30BaTbCH H <pa6-
PWllioM cBeTnoM MaCTI-IKOM )];JUI nap-
KeTa.
IIo)]; MaToByro OT,1J;enKY nOBepx-
HOCTb M03al-lIm rOTOBHT 06bI'-IHbIM
rryTeM, a 3aTeM Ha nO)];rOTOBneHHYIO
n:lOCKOCTb HaHOCm B paCTHpKY BOC-
KOBYlO MaCTHKY. 31'0 JJ;enaIOT rn;eTHH-
HOll KHCTbIO HJlli meCTKOM rn;eTKoM.
'\lacTHKY BTHpaIOT B nopbI .n;epeBa,
!10Ka BCH nOBepXHOCTb He cTaiIeT
paBHOMepHO MaTOBOM. .IIaIOT BbI-
.:IepmKY (OKono CYTOK), qT06bI Hcna-
pHnCH CKHnH.n;ap, H nOrn;aT nOBepx-
HOCTb M03amill KYCOqKOM <l>eTpa HnH
rpy60ro CYKHa. OKOHqaTenbHbrn
a:leCK HaBo.n;HT 6apXOTKOM HJlli MHT-
KOt'! IllepCTHHOM TpHnOqKOM.
B9CKOBaH nneHKa HenpOqHaH, OHa
'wmeT paCTBopHTbCH OT npHKOCHO-
BeHIDI naJIbu;eB. q ro6bI ee 3aKpenHTb,
CBepxy B O;::J;HH-ABa cnOH HaHOCHT
nJIeHKY CIllipTORoro naKa. Tal{ KaK
C:IOO naKa He6unbIlloM, OH He Hapy-
IllaeT MHrKOCTH H CKpOMHOCTH BOC-
KOBoro nOKpbITHH.
LJarn;e Bcero M03aHqHbIe Ha60pbI
B KpymKax nOKpbIBaIOT pa3nHqHbI-
!Ill! JIaKaMH - cnHpTOBbIMH, CMonH-
HbIMH HJlli HHTpOnaKaMH. l1x HaHO-
cm Ha nOBepXHOCTb TaMnOHOM, KH-
CTbIO, nYJIbBepH3aTopOM (B ycnoBHHX
Me6enbHoro npOH3Bo.n;CTBa - C no-
MOrn;bIO naKOHanHBHOM MaIIlHHbI).
TIpHcnoc06neHHH .n;lliI HaHeceHHH
JIaKOBblX nOKpbITHM 3aBHCHT OT XH-
MHq CKOrO COCTaBa naKa. TIpH HaHe-
ceHl.rn: cnHpTOBbIX, CMonHHbIX, a TaK-
me HHTponaKOB nonb3YIOTCH BaTHbIM
TaMnOHOM, 06T1IHYTbIM npOCTHpaH-
HbIM nonOTHHHbIM nOCKYTOM.
TIHeBMaTHqeCKnH: nHCToneT (pac-
nbIJIHTenb) - O.n;HH H3 HaH60nee pac-
npOCTpaHeHHblX MexaHH3MOB B OT-
;::J;enKe M03aHqHbIX nOBepXHOCTeM.
PaCnbIJIHTeJlli Tpe6YIOT Trn;aTenbHoro
yxo.n;a, qT06bI He 3a6HJlliCb 3aCTbIB-
IIlHM naKOM KanH6pOBaHHbre OTBep-
CTHH. ,ILrrH ::nOro BO BpeMH nepepbIBa
B pa60Te BbIxo.n;Hoe OTBepCTHe pac-
IIbIJIHTelliI norpymaIOT B paCTBopH-
Tenb, a nO OKOHqaHIrn: pa60TbI qepe3
Hero nporrycK3IOT BMeCTO naKa TOT
me paCTBopHTenb. O;::J;HaKO Ha.n;o
HMeTb B BH.n;y, qTO npH paCnbIJIeHHH
20-40 '''', naKa YXO.n;HT B aTMoc<pepy,
3aTpy.n;HHH .n;bIxaHHe.
B03MomHbI H HHble MeTO;::J;bI HaHe-
ceHHH naKa. HanpHMep, MeTo.n;OM>
oKYHaHllH MOmHO nOKpbIBaTb .n;epe-
BHHHble lOBenHpHbIe H3.n;enHH C MO-
3aHqHbIMH BCTaBKaMH H Ha60pbI He-
60nbilloro <popMaTa. B 3TOM cnyqae
qHCnO HaHOCHMblX cnoeB 3HaqHTenb-
HO cOKparn;aeTcH, HO BpeMH BblCbIXa-
HHH naKoBOO nneHI<M YBenHqHBaeTcH.
B OT.n;enbHblX cnyqaHX np03paqHbIe
nOKpb!THH MomHO HaHOCHTb MeTO)J;OM
06nHBa. TIpaB)J;a, BPYq}IYIO 3TO )J;e-
naTb )J;OBonbHO cnOmHO.
JIaKHpoBaHHeM YBneKaTbCH He cne-
.n;yeT. KOHeqHO, naK XOpOillO npOHB-
nHeT TeKCTYPY .n;epeBa, oxpaHHeT
ee nOBepXHOCTb OT B03)J;eMCTBHH nbI-
Jlli H BnarH. Ho B 1'0 me BPeMH OH
CHllmaeT orn;yrn;eHHe MaTepHanbHO-
CTII .n;epeBa, MaTOBOro B CBoeM OCHOBe.
TInoxo HaHeceHHoe nOKpbITHe 3HaqH-
TenbHO OCna6nHeT 3CTeTHqeCKHe Ka-
qeCTBa )J;epeBa. 3TO HymHo yqHTbI-
BaTb H HHor)J;a OrpaHHqHBaTbCH O)J; O-
pa30BOM npOTHpKOM nOBepXHOCTII .n;e-
peBHHHOM M03aHI<M :H<H)J;KO pa3Be.n;eH-
HbIM naKOM, KOTOpbIM He )J;aeT 6necKa.
TaKHM 06pa30M ocyrn;ecTBnHeTcH
np03p!lqHaH oT)J;enKa nHU;eBOM no-
BepxHocTH. O,D;HaKO y Ha60pa eCTb
ern;e KpOMI<M H 060POTHaH cTopoHa.
KpOMI<H MOmHO 3a<paHepOBaTb CBeT-
nOM HJlli TeMHOM )J;peBecHHoM C no-
MOrn;bIO npHTHpOqHOrO MonOTKa (ecnH
npHMeHHIOTCH rmoTHHOBble KneH)
HJlli C nOMOlI.1;hIO YTIOra npH CHHTeTH-
qeCI<HX KneHX.
143
Mm-KHO rrocTyrrHTb H TaK: KpOMKH
aKKypaTHO BblpOBHHTb py6aHKoM H
SaTOH:HpOBaTh TeMnepOM HJlli ryaIIIbKl,
CMeIIIaHHOM C KaHQenHpCKllM KJIeeM.
KneM He rrOSBonReT KpaCKe rraT.IKaTb-
CH. IJ:BeT KpOMOK MOmeT 6bITb 6enbIM,
OXPHCTbIM, KopHT.IHeBbIM. JIaKHpo-
BaTh HJlli rronHpOBaTb KpOMKll He pe-
KOMeHJ];yeTCH.
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HID! Ha60pa H npe.D;IlIeCTBOBaTb erO
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60pa BcerJ];a 6bIBaeT saQ:JaHepOBaHa,
ee MomHO npOlliJlliQ:JOBaTb H oTAenaTb
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HHeM PHCYHKOB J];pCBeCHbIX BonOKOH.
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OCHOBe 6pOCOBoro MaTepHana -- 06-
pesKoB, OCTaIOmllXCH 01' saHHTHM
06blqHOM gepeBHHHoM MOSaHKOM B
TeXHHKe MapKeTpH. ECJlli yqa eCR
OBna)J,elOT H 3THM crroc060M C03J];aHHH
MOSaHqHblX pa60T, TO Bce OTXO,n:bI
llII10Ha 6y,n:YT Hcrronb30BaHbI.
31'01' BH,D; pa60TbI npe,n:nomHJI rrpe-
rrO)J,aBaTenb 3naToycToBcKoro rrega-
rOnrqeCKoro yqI1JIHllta r. r, MHHera-
nHMOB. Cyrb erO COCTOIIT B cne,n:yro-
m eM : II3 06pesKoB IIIrrOHa pa3HbIX
nopo,n: HapesaIOTcH MenKI1e, rrpHMep-
HO o)J,HHaKoBoro pasMepa Q:JHrypKll --
KBagpaTHKll HJlli rrpHMoyrOJIbHHKH
HJlli Te II APynle BMeCTe. PasMepbI
3TI1X Q:JHryp - 2-3 MM. TIop:rOTOBI1-
TeJIbHbrn PHCYHOK rrepeBOAHTcn Ha
144
,n:epeBHHHYIO OCHOBY He B 06paTHOM
eKaK ObIJIO B TeXHHKe MapKeTpH),
a B rrpHMOM IIs06pameHHH. B Kaqe-
CTBe OCHOBbI HCrrOJIb3YIOTCR paSnHq-
Hble MaTepHanbI, qTO saBHCHT 01'
pasMepa Haoopa. Ha He60JThillHe BemH
(AO 20 CM no npOAOJlbHOH cTopoHe)
IIAeT TpeXCJIOMHaH clJaHepa, opranHT
I;I I1JIOTHbrn KapToH. JIlliI oonee Kpyrr-
HbIX BemeM .TIyqIIIe HCrrOJIbSOBaTb
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peBc)J,eH PHCYHOK, IlIaI' sa IIIarOM
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TbI MOSaHKI1 II3 IIIrrOHa COOTBeTCT-
BYIOmero QBeTa. OHI1 rrpHKneHBa-
IOTCH rrnOTHO J];pyr K ,n:pyry 6es m enell
H rrponycKoB (UB. IIn. 19). I1s06pa-
meHHe CHaqana 06KneI1BaeTCH rro KOH-
TYPY, saTeM, rrOCTerreHHO oTcTyrraH
BHYTPb, sarronHHeTCH MOSaHqHbIMH
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Kll MOlliHO Bccnr rro-pasHoMY.. Ha-
rrpHMep, Ha BcrroMoraTenbHyro Q:Ja-
HepKY HymHo KarrHYTh HeMHorO mHA-
Koro KJICH. HaKo.TIOTh Ha KOHqIIK
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qHKOM IIIHJIa, KOTopoe ;: epmaT B
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paTHBHbIM 3<p<peKTOM. TaKMM M03a-
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H rrOBepxHocrn Bparn:eHllR (TOqeHbIe
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3arrop;nHQO Y30PbI H3 P;Pyroro MaTe-
pHana. Tal<, B p;epeBo MorYT 6bITb
Bpe3a:HbI H BKneeHbI KYCOqIrn CTeKna,
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TaJlna.
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lOT p;eKopaTHBHbIe rraHHO, rge B p;e-
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reCTaHe IIIKOnbHHIrn BKOnaqHBalOT B
gepeBo rrnaCTHHIrn H3 MenbXHopa.
B o6rn:eo6pa30BaTenbHblX IIIKonax,
rp;e HeT RHTapR, 6Hcepa H MenbXMopa,
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;-748
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BKOnaqMBalOT geKopaTHBHbIe 3ne-
MeHTbI H3 anIOMHHHR, meCTH H na-
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T eXHononrn C03p;aHID'I TaIrnX H3p;e-
nllii OCHOBaHa Ha OTp:enbHblX rrpHeMax
pa60TbI Hap: IIHl<pYCTaQMeM C HaCeq-
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reCTaHCKOM ayne YHQYKynb. MacTe-
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myrn:Hee'R HepYI<OTBOpHbIMl1 (CM.
pHC. 21).
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6onbilloM aKl<ypaTHocTH. OCHoBHbIe
145
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m-r; 1IIJIMQ:JoBaHHe MHKpycTHpoBaH- npep;MeT rrpep;CTaBJIHeT co6oM: no-
Hon nOBepXHOCTH; TOHHpOBaHMe p;e- BepXHOCTb BparqeHMH, TO opHaMeHT
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HMe MeTaJIJIMqeCKMX 3JIeMeHTOB; npo- IIpo ecc BbInOJIHeHMH MHKpYCTa-
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p;OJImHbI 6bITh qeTlrn:Ml1, nOp;qMHeH- rB03p;MKM, npOp;OJIbHbIe KOHTypHbIe
HbIMl1 nJIaCTHKe MeTaJIJIJftIeCKOH npo- npOBOJIOqKM, IIITpMXOBbIe JIMHMM, Ha-
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KOHTypOB o606rqaIOTcR, TaK Kal< MX pa3HOMY.
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MMeeT nepBOCTeneHHoe H306pa3H- p;peJIb, p;eJIaIOT KpyrJIbIe yrJIy6JIeHMH
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CTMpOBaHHOM: nOBepXHocrn M3p;eJIMH, JIbIX npOBOJIOqeK.
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147
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qT06bI rrJIaCTHHKa BOlllJIa B OCHOBY
H He 3arHYJIaCb, HYlliHO p;eJIaTb npo-
pe3b HeCKOJIbKO rJIy6llie, qeM BeJlli-
qHHa BKOJIaqHBaeMOM B Hee HaCeqKH.
TIepBbIe HaCeqKI1 yqaI.I.1;I1eCH p;OJIlliHbI
BblI10JIHHTb npep;eJIbHO BHHMaTeJIbHO,
He ToporrHCb.
Ha nepBblX rropax Y Bcex HaqI1HalO-
rn:HX rrOqTH Kallip;aH nJIaCTHHKa 6yp;eT
3arH6aTbCH nop; yp;apoM MOJIOTKa. 3TO
p;OJIlliHbI 3HaTb pe651Ta. 'lh06bI cp;e-
JIaTb XOPOlllYlO HHKpycTaI.1;HlO, HY)I{HO
OCHOBaTeJIbHO rroTpeHHpOBaTbC5I H
B6HTb He OP;HY COTHlO HaCeqeK. OrrbIT,
pHTM H TeMn pa60TbI npH06peTalOTCH
rrOCTeneHHO. B KOHu;e KOHU;OB Y Ha-
CTOMqHBbIX pe6m nJIaCTHHKI1 nop;
yp;apoM MOJIOTOqKa HaqHyr BXOP;HTb
6e3 3arH6a, H pa60Ta 6yp;eT p;OCTaB-
JI5ITb HaCJIallip;eHHe.
rOTOBbIH Y30P 3aqI1I alOT rrrn:po-
KHM JlliqHbIM HanHJIbHHKOM, a 3aTeM
llIJIH<PYlOT Hallip;aqHOM 6YMaroM. ECJlli
t
H3p;eJllie COCTOHT H3 rroBepxHoCTH
Bparn:eHHH, TO ero lllJlli<poBKY U;eJIe-
1.1k
co06pa3Hee npOBop;HTb B 3alliHMax
TOKapHoro CTaHKa.
ECJlli npep;MeT nJIOCKHM H p;OCTa-
T9qHO 60JIblllOM, ero nOBepXHOCTb
3aqI1rn:atoT Ha JIeHTOqHOM IIIJlli<pO-
BaJIbHOM CTaHKe C rrO.lU3HlliHbIM CTO-
JIOM HJlli npH rrOMOI.I.1;I1 npHcnoc06JIe-
HID! co IIIJlli<pOBaJIbHbIM P;HCKOM Ha
CBepmmbHOM CTaHKe. IIIJIH<PYlOT no-
BepXHOCTb H BPyqHYlO. TIJIOCKlfe HJIH
3aOBaJIeHHbIe rrpep;MeTbI 3aqHrn:alOT
Hallip;aqHOM 6YMarOM, HaBepHYTOM Ha
p;epeB5IHHbIM 6PYCOK, a nOBepxHocTH
Bparn:eHID! 06MaTbIBalOT lllKYPKOM H
npoKpYQHBalOT B JIap;OH5Ix.
TIoCJIe lllJIH<pOBKI1 MeTaJIJIHqecKylO
H p;peBecHYlO nbIJIb CMaXHBalOT rn:e-
THHHOH rn:eTKOM. HeJIb3H ,I1onycKaTb,
QT06bI yqaI.I.1;I1eCH yp;aJI5IJlli rrbIJIb
naJIbuaMli HJlli JIap;OHblO, TaK KaK npH
3TOM nOQTII Bcerp;a HeH36elliHbI nope-
3bI PYK 06 OCTpbIe KPaH MeTaJIJlliqe-
CKHX 3JIeMeHTOB. HeJIb351 nbIJIb CP;Y-
BaTb, TaK KaK B03MOlliHO 3acopeHHe
rJIa3.
TIpOlllJlli<poBaHHYlO rrOBepXHOCTb
HeJIb351 TporaTb PYKaMli, HHaqe Kpac-
Ka npH TOHHpOBaHMH He JI5IllieT Ha
lliHpOBbIe n5lTHa, OCTaBJIeHHbIe naJIb-
I.1;aMH HJII-I JIap;OH5IMIi.
"lh06bI MeTaJIJIHqeCKHH Y30P
BbIrJI5I)J;eJI 60JIee 3<p<peKTHO, npep;-
MeT nOKpbIBalOT TeMHOM rrpOTpa-
BOM.
He06xop;HMbIM U;BeT p;peBeCHoro
<pOHa nop;6HpalOT nyTeM CMelllHBaHH5I
HeCKOJIbKHX nopOlllKOB npOTpaBbI.
B npop;IDKe BCTpeQaeTC5I npOTpaBa
Tpex I.1;BeTOB: QepHOrO, MaJIHHOBOro
(rrop; KpaCHoe p;epeBO) H KOpHQHeBOrO
(nop; opex). KpaCKa pa3Bop;HTCH Terr-
JIOM BOP;OM H Ha rrp06HoM p;orn:eQKe
npOBep5leTC5I HHTeHCHBHOCTb I.1;BeTa.
KOpHQHeBa51 C KpacHbIM OTJlliBOM
J];peBeCHHa BbIrOJ];HO OTTeHHeT TOH-
KHH, KaK KpymeBo, Y30p.
TIoKpbIBalOT BCIO nOBepXHOCTb
npeJ];MeTa, 3aXBaTbIBaH H MeTaJIJlli-
qeCKHll Y30p. KpaCHIltHH paCTBOp
HaHOCHT II1HpOKOH KHCTblO, TaMnOHOM
HJlli KYCOqKOM nOpOJIOHa. TIoKpblTHe
II}'mHO BeCTH paBHOMepHO, H36eraH
npOnYCKOB H OCTeperaHCb CJlliIIlKOM
CHJlbHO YBJIamHHTb H3J];eJIHe, TaK KaK
ero MOmeT nOKopo6HTb, a 3JIeMeHTbI
HHKpYCTa BTHII}'Tb B J];epeBO. COX-
HeT H3)];eJIHe OKOJIO CYTOK. ECJlli BMe-
CTO npOTpaBbI HCnOJIb3yeTcH qepHaH
TYllIb, H3)];eJIHe CYIIIHTCH OKOJIO qaca.
TIoCJIe TOHHpOBamUI HHKpYCTaU;HH
KaK 6bI raCHeT no)]; KpaCHTeJIeM,
Bce Y30PbI HCqe3aIOT,6JIeKHYT. TIo
OKOHqaHIDI CYIIIKH nOCJIe npOTpaBbI
H3)];em1e OCTopomHO npOTHpalOT ca-
MOll MeJIKOll HamJ];aqHOll 6YMarOM,
CqHIltaH nO)];HHBIIIHMCH J];peBeCHbIH
BOpC H (O)];HOBpeMeHHO BOCCTaHaB-
mmaH) O}I{HBJIIDI 6JIeCK MenUIJlliqe-
CKoro nJIeTeHHH. 3TO OqeHb OTBeT-
CTBeHIIaH onepau;nH. HymHo Tepne-
mmo H OCTOpO:H<HO npOIIImi<pOBaTb
Bce H3rn6bI Y30POB H IIITPHXH MeTaJI-
JlliqeCKOH HaCeqKH, Bce 6JIHIIIKH H
rB03)];HKH. CJlliIIIKOM Ha>KHMaTb Ha
IIIKypKY HeJlb3H, TaK KaK MomHO BbI-
CBeTJlliTb )];epeBHHHbrn <pOH H npH-
)];eTCH BHOBb 3aJlliMaTbCH TOHHpO-
BaHHeM.
nbIJIb OT KpaCKH H MeTaJIJIa CMe-
TalOT I.I.J;eTKOH, 3aTeM nOBepXHOCTb
npe)];MeTa TYro npOTHpalOT CYKOHKOM
HJlli BOHJIOKOM. CYKOHKa B6epeT B
ce6.H OCTaTKH KpaCOqHOH H MeTaJIJlli-
qeCKOH nbI.Jlli H: npHJ];aCT BceMy H3)J;e-
mno nJIOTHbrn JIOCK.
ECJlli H3)];eJIHe He6oJIbIIIOe, ero JIa-
KHPYIOT OKYHaHHeM. .II:JUI 3Toro B
TbIJIbH}'1O qaCTh npe)];MeTa BBHHqHBa-
eTCH nO)];BeCHOH KPlOqOK HJlli npoc-
TOM II1YPyn. 3a Hero J];epmaTCH, OKY-
HaH H3)];eJIHe B BaHHY C JIaKOM. 3aTeJyl.
ero nO)];BeIIlHBaIOT )];JUI npocYIIIKH.
TIorpymaTb Ha)];O 2-3 pa3a, qTo6bI
nOJIYqHTb paBHoMepHo 6JIeCTHru;ylO
nOBepXHOCTb. Ka}l{JJ;bIH npe)];bIJJ:YIu;HH
CJIOll }]OJImeH 6bITb XOpOIIlO rrpocy-
IIIeH H CJIerKa npOIIIJlli<poBaH.
ECJlli npeJ];MeT Bemn< Hero HeJIb3H
OrryCTHTb B mUIHOqKY C JIaKOM, npo-
3paqHaH nJIeHKa HaHOCHTCH TaMIIO-
HOM B HeCKOJIbKO CJIOeB. Kam)];bIH
CJIOH TIltaTeJIbHO npOCYIIIHBaeTCH H
npOllIJlli<poBbIBaeTCH. TIpocoxnHIM
JIaKOBbIH CJIOH paCnOJIHpOBbIBalOT
IIIeJIJIaqHOM nOJIIITypOM ,D;JUI nOJIY-
qeHHH 3epKaJIbHOH nOBepXHOCTH.
B03MomHO KOHTypHoe H306pame-
HlIe 6e3 Haceqro-r H 6JIHIIIeK C npHMe-
HeHHeM O)];HOM JlliIIIb npHMoyrOJIbHOH
npOBOJIOKH-)];OpomKH. Y30p MomeT
6bITb BbI6HT TopU;eBbIMH rB03)];HKaMH.
B O)];HOM pHCYHKe J];onYCTHMO Coqe-
TaH1 e HeCKOJIbKHX BH)];OB MeTaJIJIa
(Me)];b, JIaTym, MeJIbXHOp, 6pOH3a,
aJIIOMHHHH) B 3aBHCHMocrn OT HaJlli-
qHH MaTepHaJIa H OT 3aMbICJIa aBTopa
KOMl103HU;HH.
T eXHHKa HHKpYCTaU;IDI C HaCeqKOH
paCKpbIBaeT nepeJ]; yqaIu;HMHCH 60JIb-
II1He B03MO:H<HOCTH )];JUI TBOpqeCKOrO
nOHCKa. nO)]; y)];apaMH MOJIOTOqKa,
BBO)];HIlterO B epeBO 3JIeMeHTbI HH-
KpYCTau;nH, nOJIYqaIOTCH nJIaCTHqHbIe
CBepKalOIu;He Y30PbI C YTOHqeHHOM
rpa<pHKOM IIPO)];OJIbHblX H u;nPKYJIb-
HblX JlliHHH, MepU;aIOIltHX IIHTeH, qeT-
KHX II1TPHXOB.
TeXHHKa HHKpYCTaU;IDI C HaCeqKOH
MOmeT npHMeHHTbCH KaK caMOCTOH-
TeJlbHO B )];eKOpHpOBaHHH )];epeBHH-
HbIX H3)];eJIHM, TaK H B COqeTaHIDI C
nJIOCKOpeJIbe<pHOH pe3b6oH, J];epeBHH-
149
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IIW\'IIIIIF ---,
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.7_ .......
If I
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Jli
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107. r. c. KaMeHl\OB C KPY)f{KOBl\aMll cpe HeH llIKOJIbI NQ 28 r. OpJIa
HOll M03aHI<OH, qeI<aHI<OH, 3MaJIblO.
KpynHbIe BCTamrn:-6JUIlliIDi MO>KHo"
rpaBHpOBaTb H.TIH MO>KHO HaHOCHTb
Ha HRX TpaBJIeHbIH Y30p.
KaI< Y>Ke OTMeqaJIOCb, TeXHOJIOrHH
HHI<pYCTa:qHH gepeBa MeTaJIJIOM B
cpegHHx lliI<OJI X 60JIee gocTynHa
yqam;HMCH VII-X KJIaCCOB. DOJIee
MJIaglliHM lliI<OJIbHHI<aM JIyqllie 3a-
HHTbCH MeHee CJIO>KHOM, HO BeCbMa
BbIpa3WCeJIbHOM geI<OpaTHBHOM Tex-
HIII<OM - HaKJIagHoM <pIIJIHrpaHblO Ha
gepeBHHHOM OCHOBe. TeXHOJIOnUO
3Toro Bliga geI<OpaTIIBHO-npIlKJIag-
Horo IICI<YCCTBa B nepeJIo>Kemrn: gJIH
npliMeHeHIDI B . lliI<OJIe pa3pa6oTaJI
yqHTeJIb Tpyga cpegHeH lliI<OJIbI NQ 28
150
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r. OpJIa r. C. KaMeHQoB. IlaHHo 113
cepllll «PyccI<IIe 6bIJIHHbJ» c03gaHo
11M B TeXHHI<e HaI<JIagHoH <pIIJIHrpaHH
Ha gepeBHHHOM OCHOBe C pOCnllCblO
(CM. QB. IlJI. 1). 3THM BIl,U;OM pa60TbI
OH YBJIeI< yqam;HXCH cBoeH lliI<OJIbI,
II I<PY>KI<OBQbI I V-V I I<JIaCCOB C
YBJIeqeHHeM «I<PYTHT npOBOJIOqI<Y»
(pIiC. 107, QB. IlJI. 2).
TaI<OM TBOpqeCI<HM oT6op oTgeJIb-
HbIX TeXHOJIOrHqeCI<IIX nplieMoB xy-
gO>KeCTBeHHoM o6pa6oTI<II Mareplla-
JIOB, gocTynHbIx yqam;HMcH' cpegHeM
lliI<OJIbI, - ogllH 113 nyTeH npaI<Tllqe-
CI<oro npllo6m;eHIDI lliI<OJIbHIU<OB I<
MHOrOHaQHOHaJIbHOMY IICI<YCCTBY Ha-
llieM CTpaHbI.
PAEOTA C JIHCTOBbIM METAJIJIOM
O HHM 113 HaH60JIee pacnpocTpa-
HeHHbIX BH OB pa60TbI C JIHCTOBbIM
MeTaJIJIOM HBJIHeTCH TeXHH}<a qe-
KaHI<H.
Cy!-"eCTByeT HeCKOJIbKO BH OB qe-
KaHI<H no JIHCTY: nyaHcoHHo-opHa-
MeHTaJILHaH, nJIOCKOpeJILecpHaH H
peJIbecpHaH.
TIyaHcoHHo-opHaMeHTaJILHaH Tex-
HHKa npe CTaBJIHeT C060H BbInOJIHe-
HHe opHaMeHTa aa JIHCTe MeTaJIJIa C
nOMOIIU>1O CTaJILHOrO CTep}KHH-nyaH-
COHa. EOeBaH qaCTL nyaHcoHa - <pH-
rypHaH. <1>HrypbI MOryr 6bITL pas-
JIHqHbIMH: KOJILI.\O, TpeyrOJILHHK,
SBeS OqKa, TpHJIHCTHHK H T. . OT-
neqaTOK OT nyaHcoHa, MHOrOKpaTHO
nOBTopHHCL, c03AaeT Ha MeTaJIJIe HS
3THX cpHrypOK opHaMeHTbI. Pa60Ta
Be eTCH Ha }KeCTKOH OCHOBe, T8I< HaK
npH y ape MOJIOTKOM no nyaHCOHY
JIHCTOBOH MeTaJIJI B 3TOM MeCTe OJI-
}KeH ynJIOTHHTLCH H 38neqaT JIeTL <pop-
MY ero 6oeBoH qaCTH.
TIJIOCKOpeJIbe<pHaH qeKaHKa B sa-
BHCHMOCTH OT TeXHOJIOrHqeCKHX pas-
HOB HocTeH BbInOJIHHeTCH Ha BHS-
KOH HJIH }KeCTKOH OCHOBe.
. PeJILecpHaH qeKaHKa BbInOJIHHeTCH
1<81< C JIHl.\eBOH, T8I< H C 060pOTHOH
CTOpOHbI, BbITHrHBaH peJIbe<p C no-
MOIIU>IO qeKaHOB C SaOBaJIeHHOH 6oe-
BOH "tIaCTLIO HJIH Henocpe CTBeHHbI-
MH y apaMH lllapoBH HOH CTOpOHOH
qeKaHHOrO MOJIOTKa. "tho6bI o6pa-
60TaTL MeJIl<He eTaJIH BbInYKJIOrO
peJILecpa H He nopBaTh MeTaJIJI, qe-
Kam<y BbInOJIHHIOT Ha BHSKOH OCHO-
Be - CMOJIe. 3Ta TeXHln<a 60JIee
CJIO>f<HaH B cpaBHemm C BYMH npe-
,w,IAYIl.\HMH.
HaH60JIee ocTyrrna .wm saIDITHH
C yqaru;HMHCH nJIOCKOpeJILe<pHaH qe-
KaHl{a. I1sroTOBHTL MeTaJIJIHqeCIiliH
peJILecp B 3TOH TeXHHKe MO}KHO npH
nOMoru;H MOJIOTKa H J];BYX qeromoB -
paCXO HHKa H JIoru;aTHHKa (KepHepa
C nJIOCKO CTOqeHHbIM OCTpHeM; B OC-
HOBaHHJi ero 60eBOH qaCTH nOJIyqa-
eTCH nJIOCKIDI Kpyr HaMeTpoM 1-
3MM).
TeMaTHKa CIO}KeTOB H }KaHpbI qe-
KaHHbIX KOMnOSHI.\IDI Moryr 6bITh ca-
MbIMH paSJIHqHbIMH: OpHaMeHT H Ha-
TlOpMOpT, neiha}K H aHHMaJIHCTHqe-
clilie Cl.\eHbI, nopTpeTbI <PHrypHbIe
Hso6pa}KeHIDI (CM. pHC. 30, 34).
OCHOBlJbIe 3Ta:lIbI nJIOCKOpeJILe<p-
HOH qeKaHHH no JIHCTY:
1) BbInOJIHeHHe pHcyaKa; 2) no -
rOTOBKa MeTaJIJIa K pa6oTe; 3) nepe-
BO Hso6pa}KeHIDI Ha MeTaJIJIHqecKYIO
nOBepXHocTL; 4)yrJIy6JIeHHe Oqe pTa-
HIDI pHcYHI<a, cos aHHe peJIbe<pa;.
5) YTO"tIHeHHe peJILe<pa; 6) l.\BeTOaa:H
eKOpaTHBHaH OT eJIKa; 7) o<popMJie-
HHe qeKaHKH.
PaCCMOTpHM nOJWo6 e TeXHOJIO
rHqeClilie oco6eHHOCTH Ka}K oro
3Tana.
1. BblnO.llHeHUe pucYHKa. KOMno-
SHI.\IDI cos aeTCH B HaTypaJIbHyro Be-
JIHqHHY qeKaHKH. .II;lliI y o6cTBn no-
cJIegylOru;eH pa60TbI co BceX CTOpOH
Ha JIHCTe OCTaBJIHIOT nOllil paSMepOM
30-40 MM. MaHepa pHCYHI<a - KOB-
. TypHaH. 11306paSHTeJIbHbIe <pOpMbI
OJI}KHbI 6bITL eKOpaTFIBHO TpaK-
TOBaHbI C yqeTOM qeKaHHOH TeXHHI<H.
B saBHCHMOCTH OT npHMeHHeMoro
MeTaJIJIa qeKaHHbrn peJILe<p MO}KeT
6bITL 60JIee o606ru;eHHbIM, BbInOJI-
HHTLCH KpYnHbIMH MaCCaMH C OT eJIb-
HbIMH }KeCTKO npOpa60TaHHbIMH e-
ISI
108. PMCYHOK, CTMJIM30BaHHbIH IIO,n; IIJIOCKO-
peJIbeqJHyIO 'IeKaHKY
109. ITO,n;COJIHYX. <PoTorpaqmR
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TanHMH (HanpHMep, Ha HpOBenbHOM
CTanH), H.TnI HSHlQHO npOqeHaHeH-
HbIM, nOCTpoeHHbIM Ha <PaHTYPHbIX
COqeTaHHHX paSnHqHbIX yqaCTHOB
(pa60TbI Ha TOHHOM meCTH, MHrHOM,
nnaCTHqHOM MegH, nogaT.illiBOM anro-
MHHHH).
B nogroToBHTenbHb PHCYHKax
BOSMomHa npHMHTHBHOCTb B TpaK-
TOBHe geTaneM, nogqepHHBarolQaH ge-
HopaTHBHyro BblpaSHTenbHOCTb penb-
e<pHb1X <pOpM. HymHo ml"HTH TY CTe-
neHb geHopaTHBHoro o606lQeHHH, HO-
TopaH nogqeplGiBaeT HaH60nee xa-
paKTepHble npHSHalili Hso6pamaeMO-
ro 06"beKTa (pHC. 108).
He cnegyeT nepeBOgHTb B qeHaHKY
<pOTorpa<pIDI HnH penpogYKQIDI mH-
BonHCHblX nonOTeH H rpa<pHqeCIiliX
PHCYHKOB 6es geHopaTHBHoM nepe-
pa6oTI-GI Hso6pameHHH. IToHpaBHB-
llmMcH MOTHB 3THX Hso6pIDl<eHHH
HymHo cooTBeTcTByrolQHM o6pasoM
npeo6pasoBaTb glliI qeHaHHOro penb-
e<pa H Torga BonnOlQaTb B MeTaJIJIe.
HanpHMep, Ha pHcYHHe 109 nOI<aSaHa
<poTorpa<pIDI nogconHyxa, a Ha QBeT-
HOM HnnrocTpaQIDI 20 - qeHaHHbIM
penbe<p Ha 3TY TeMY. .
2. lloo2omo6Ka Mema./l./la K pa6ome.
EnHllu<y oTpesaroT 6onbllIero pas-
Mepa, qeM PHCYHOK 6ygYlQeM qeHaHKH
(c rom<,AOM CTOpOHbI gonmHbI 6bITb
nonH no 20-30 MM). 3TO HymHO no
HeCHOnblGlM npHqHHaM. EcnH B xoge
pa60TbI nOTpe6YeTCH YTOqHHTb PH-
cYH01{ H.illi oT6opToBaTb HpOMIGl, He-
06XOgHM pesepB MeTanna. ITpH OT-
mHre MeTanna sa nOlliI npH,AeTCH
6paTbCH lQHnQaMH.
OTpesaHHyro sarOTOBHY BblpaBIrn-
BaroT nerKHMH YroipaMH gepeBHHHoro
MonOTKa (IiliHHIili) Ha nOBepOqHbIX
nnHTaX. "4To6bI nOBepXHocTb MeTaJIJIa
(oc06eHHO MHrKOrO, nJIaCTll'1HOrO)
6bIJIa 60JIee POBHOM, 6es BMHTIIH,
npll BbIpaBHIIBaHllli 1m 6JIHllII<Y KJla-
gyr CTpOraHyro gOCKY II HaHOCHT yga-
pbI MOJIOTKOM no 3TOM gocKe. "lJeKa-
HIITb CJIegyeT Ha MHrKOM, OTO»OKeH-
ROM MeTaJIJIe. Ilpll OT»rnre Megll,
JIaTYHII, meCTII, KpOBeJIbHOM CTaJIIi
sarOTOBKY HarpeBaIOT go TeMHO-Kpac-
HOro n;BeTa naHJIbHOM JIaMllOM llJIIi ra-
SOBOM rOpeJIKOM (c noga'1eM Bosgyxa
'1epes KOMnpeccop). Korga OT»rnra-
IOT C IIX nOMOIIl;bIO, BCIO 6JIHIIIKY Tpyg-
HO HaKaJIIITb ogHoBpeMeHHO go Hym-
HOM TeMnepaTypbI. B 3TOM CJlY'1ae
HarpeBaIOT CHa'1aJIa OgHH yrOJI 6JUIIII-
KII, nOCTeneHHO nepeBOgH nJIaMH Ha
cocegHIill y'1aCTOK, II Tal< no BceM
nOBepXHOCTIi MeTaJIJIa. Korga nJIaMH
gOXOgliT go III;lInn;OB, KOTOpbIMH gep-
maT 6JIHIIIKY, ee JIY'1IIIe nepeXBaTbI-
BaTb sa yme OTommeHHbIM yrOJI.
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B CeJIbCKOM MeCTHOCTIi MeTaJIJI
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KaK npaBIIJIO, He OTmllraIOT. ECJIII
3TO nOTpe6yeTcH cgeJIaTb, HY»<HO
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KOM MbIJIa. Mb1JIbHbIe nOJIOCKH npll
nOBbIIIIeHllli TeMnepaTypbI TeMHeIOT.
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OrommeHHaH nJIaCTIIHKa OCTy»<a-
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6OTaTb. MeTaJIJI CJIegyeT OCBeTJIIITb,
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Ha nJIOClilie saroToBlili. 3ro geJIaeTCfI
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nepeBop;a, PllCYHOK npOQapanbIBalOT
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a saTeM KpaCKY CMbIBalOT.
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154
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KaH<papHllKY OCTaBJIHIOT qepes 6y-
Mary Ha MeTaJIJIe HerJIy60Kyro BMH-
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Typbl KOMllOSllQllll. llocJIe CHHTllH
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"tIeK.
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MeTp KpY)KKa 60eBOM qaCTH qeKaHa
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]'55
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MI1 y apaMI1 MOJIOTO Ka HJll1 C no-
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To6bI nycToTa no BblnyKJIOCTblO
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ceWlHe aCTKIf <pOHa THHYJll1Cb sa
156
HMMM. I103TOMY B SaKJIIO eHHe CJIe-
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nOJIHpOBKOH, a eCmI nOTpe6yeTcH,
H C nOKpbITHeM JIaKOM.
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3a HeCKOJIbKO ceKYH,IJ; npHo6peTaeT
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Ta peJIbe<pa; O HM eTaJll1 CMHr a-
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163
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164
<pMJllirpaHblO Ha p;epeBHHHO:H oCHoBe,
C MHKpycTa e:H p;epeBa MeTaJIJIOM,
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pe3aHHeM rrpOBOJIOKJI, a rrpli H3ro-
1 CM.: C e pre e B A. H., K a JI 0-
III Ii H A. H. TexHHKa 6e30nacHocTH Ha
ypoKax Tpyp;a B BOCbMJIJIeTHeii IllKOJIe. M.,
1967, c. 101.
TOBJIemrn I1HCTpYMeHTa - pe3aHI1eM
MeTaJIJIa HOmOBROM 11 pa60TOM Ha
MeTaJIJIo06pa6aTblBalOm;nX cTaHRax.
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BHHMaHHe IIlROJIbHHROB Ha B03Mom-
HbIe nope3bI PYR 0 3ayceHltbI Ha
RpOMRaX MeTaJIJIa.
I1epe.n; pa3MeTROM JII1CT MeTaJIJIa
OqHm;alOT OT MaCJIa, rpH3eBbIX nHTeH,
a meCTb H RpOBeJIbHyro CTaJIb - OT
CJIyqaMHbIX nHTeH pmaBql1HbI (ROp-
p03Irn); yqam;I1MCH CJIe.n;YeT 06"bHC-
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MaCTep, BbI611paH MaTepHaJI, 3a60-
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YMeHIDI H HaBbIKH npH06peTeHbI HM
He HanpaCHO, qTO ,eMY He Hago
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npogeJIaHHOH pa6OTbI, Ha060pOT,
OH nOJIyqaeT MOpaJIbHOe H 3CTeTH-
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He COOTBeTCTBYIOIn;He geKopanmHbIM
oc06eHHOCTHM MaTepHaJIa, TeXHID<e
H TeXHOJIOrmi ero 06pa60TKH, yqe-
HID< He TOJIbKO HMeeT nOTepH B
BOCnHTaHmi 3CTeTHqeCKOrO BKyca,
OH MHOroe TepHeT H B TPygOBOM
BocnHTaHHH, Tal< Kal< BbInOJIHeHHaH
HM BeIn;b, B KOTOPYIO OH BJIOIKilll
BeCb CBOH 3MOn;HOHaJIbHO-3CTeTHqe-
CKIDi 3apH,D;, OKa3bIBaeTCH HH3KO-
ro KaqeCTBa, ee aKTHBHO KPH-
THKYIOT, He 6ePYT Ha BbICTaBKY,
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HHMaeT, qTO HanpaCHO TpygIiJICH,
ero nOCTliraeT pa30qapOBaHHe, ana-
TIDI,HeH<eJIaHHe 6paTbCH 3a KaKYIO
6hI TO HH 6bIJIO pa60TY H3 onace-
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HanpaCHbIM. TIpH opHeHTan;mi Ha
HapogHoe TBOpqeCTBO Tal<HX HBJIe-
HIDi He npoHcxogliT.
B KHHre paCCMOTpeHO HeCKOJIb-
KO BIi,D;OB geKopaTIiBHO-npID<JIagHo-
ro IiCKYCCTBa, qTO gaeT B03MOIK-
HOCTb yqHTemo BapblipOBaTb 3aHH-
TIiH C yqaIn;HMHcH B 3aBliCHMOCTH
OT perliOHaJIbHbIX oc06eHHocTeH
llIKOJI, cYIn;ecTBOBamm HapogHbIx
TpagHIJ;IDi no xygoIKeCTBeHHoH 06-
pa60TKe MaTepliaJIOB, MeCTHbIX YC-
JIOBHH Ii 06'beKTHBHbIX oc06eHHo-
cTeH KOHKPeTHOH llIKOJIbI. Pa3Ho06-
pa3He geKopaTIiBHbIX pa60T n03BO-
JIHeT TaKIKe npegJIOIKIiTb KaIK,D;OMY
113 llIKOJIbHHKOB 3aHHTHe no ero
CKJIOHHOCTHM, IiHTepecaM, pacnmpHH
TeM caMbIM BOCIIIITaTeJIbHbIe B03-
MOIKHocrn TaKoro poga 3aHHTIiH,
npliBJIeKaH K HIiM yqeHm<OB KaK
ycneBalOIn;HX B yqe6e, TaK Ii OT-
CTalOIIJ;HX.
3aHHTliH geKoparnBHO-npID<JIag-
HbIM HCKYCCTBOM nOJIOIKIiTeJIbHO
BJIWIIOT Ha TPygHbIX nogpocTKOB.
171
rrpll06 eHlle K npou;eccy c03gaHllH
ll3gemrn no 3aKOHaM KpaCOTbI go-
CTaBnHeT geTHM ygoBneTBopeHlle,
pagocTb, 3CTeTll eCKOe HacnaH<-
p;eHlle. .II:eKopaTllBHo-npllKna,lJ;HOe
llCKYCCTBO OTKpbIBaeT lIM B03MOH<-
HOCTb gnH pa3HOCTopOHHeM geH-
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HeHllH 3Hepnrn:, OTBneKaeT OT ny-
CTorO BpeMHnpenpOBOH<geHllH. He-
gapoM B ra3eTe «COBeTCKaH Kynb-
TypaH 2 geK. 1980 r. B CTaTbe «EbITb
nll y eHllKY MacTepoMH OTMe a-
nOCL, TO no gaHHbIM rOpbKOBCKOH
06naCTll HallMeHbllIee KOnll eCTBO .
geTcKllx npaBOHapYllIeHllH Ha6mo-
gaeTcH lIMeHHO B paHOHax xygOH<e-
CTBeHHbIX npOMbIcnOB, rge pe6HTa
c geTcTBa YBne eHbI npeKpaCHbIM
genoM - OCBoeHlleM HapOD;HbIX Tpa-
gllIJ;llH B geKopaTllBHo-npHKnagHoM
llCKYCCTBe.
OpraHll3aIJ;llH 3aHHTlIH CO llIKonb-
HHKaMlI no ll3y eHllIO geKopanffi-
Ho-npHKnagHoro llCKYCCTBa MHorO-
rpaHHa II OTBeTCTBeHHa. H caMoro
cepbe3Horo BHlIMaHllH 3acnYH<llBaeT
06ecne eHlle 6e30naCHbIX ycnOBlI"H
pa60TbI llIKOJlbHMKOB. BonpocaM OX-
paHbI II rllrlleHbI Tpyga y a llxcH,
Tpe60BaHllHM 6e30naCl.IOC:'ll II npo-
TllBOnOH<apHbIM MeponplIHTlIHM HYH<-
HO y,lJ;enHTb nOBbIllIeHHoe BHllMaHlle,
Y'I"TbIBaH TeXHonOrll eCKlle oc06eH-
HOCTH KaH<goro ll3 BllgOB xygOH<eCT-
BeHHOH 06pa6OTKH MaTepManOB.
B CBH3H C 3TlIM He cny aHHo BbI-
geneHHe B caMOCTOHTenbHYIO rnaBY
TeXHllKH 6e30naCHOCTH II oxpaHbI
TpY,IJ;a llIKOJlbHHKOB Ha 3aHHTllHX
KpYH<Ka geKopaTllBHo-npHKnagHoro
llCKYCCTBa.
3aHlIMaHCb geKopaTHBHo-npHK-
nagHbIM llCKYCCTBOM, coegllHH.H npo-
<peCCllOIDlnbHble nplleMbI C xygOH<e-
CTBeHHOH BbID;YMKOH, y aIIU'leCH npll-
06 aIOTCH K C03,1J;aHlIIO H3genllH He
TonbKO none3HbIX, HO II KpaCllBbIX,
BHOCH B l.IHX 3creTll eCKoe Haqa-
JIO. XygOH<eCTBeHHoe Ha aJIO, op-
raHH eCKll cnllBaHCb C npoll3Bogll-
TenbHbIM TpygOM, nOMoraeT BOCIIH-
TbIBaTh y llIKonbHHKOB TpygoBble
Ka eCTBa, cnoco6cTByeT 3CTeTll e-
CKOMY 060ra eHllIO llX BHYTpeHHero
Mllpa.
PEKOMEHJJ:YEMAJI Jll1TEP A TYP A
Map K C K., 3 H r e JI b C <1J. 06 HC-
KYCCTBe. M., HCKYCCTBO, 1976, T. L
n e H H H B. H. 0 BOCnl1Tamili 11 o6pa-
30Bamill. M., IIpocBe eHl1e, 1973.
o Mepax no ):\aJIbHeMllIeMY pa3BHTH1O Ha-
pO):\HbIX xY):\O>KeCTBeHHbIX npOMbICJIOB. IIo-
CTaHOBJIeHHC COBeTa MHHHcTpoB CCCP.
14 aBrYCTa 1968.
o HapO):\HbIX xY):\O>KeCTBeHHbIX npOMbIC-
JIax. IIoCTaHOBJIeHHe UK KIICe. 17 ):\eKa6-
pR 1974 r.
o ):\aJIbHeilliIeM cOBepllIeHcTBoBamiH o6y-
qeHHR, BOCnl1TaHIDI yqa HXCR o6 eo6pa30-
BaTeJIbHbIX llIKOJI H no):\rOTOBlili HX K Tpy):\y.
IIOCTaHOBJIeHHe UK KIICC H COBeTa MH-
HHCTpOB CCCP. 22 ):\eKa6pR 1977 r.
o Mepax no ):\aJIbHeMllIeMY pa3BHTH1O caMO-
):\eRTeJIbHOrO xY):\O>KeCTBeHHoro TBOpqeCTBa.
IIoCTaHOBJIeHHe UK KIICe. 28 MapTa 1978 r.
MaTepHaJIbI XX V I C"be3):\a KIICC. M.:
1981.
AT Y T 0 B II. P. IIOJIHTeXHHqeCKHM rrpHH-
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rHKa, 1976.
A <p H H 0 r e HOB 10. r H .rqJ. IIpHcno-
C06JIeHIDI ):\IDl llIJ{OJIbHbIX MacTepclillx. M.,
IIpoCBe eHl:le, 1974.
Eo r 0 JI 10 6 0 B H. e. nellKa Ha 3aHRTH-
JIX B llIKOJIbHOM KpY>KKe. M., IIpocBe eHHe,
1979.
B bI rOT C K H M n. c. Boo6pa>KeHHe H
TBOpqeCTBO B ):\eTCKOM B03paCTe. M., IIpo-
CBell\eHHe, 1967.
.D:eKopaTHBHoe TBOpqeCTBO llIKOJIbHHKOB H
xY):\O>KeCTBeHHble Hapo):\HbIe npOMbICJIbI/IIo):\
pe):\. T. H. IIInHKaJIoBoM. M., 1973.
3 ape Q K a R H. H. E):\HHCTBO TPY):\O-
Boro H HpaBcTBeHHoro BocnHTaHHR. - M.:
3HaHHe, 1978.
K Y 3 H H B. C. IIcmmJIoro-ne):\arOrHqe-
clille OCHOBbI ):\eTcKoro H306pa3HTeJIbHOrO
TBOpqeCTBa. C60pHHK «TBOpqeCTBO IOHbIX».
M., IIpocBe eHHe, 1972.
K Y 3 H H B. C. IICHXOJIOrifR. M., BbIC-
llIM: llIKOJIa, 1974.
n H x a q e BE. T. 3CTeTHKa BOCIillTallliR.
M., IIe):\arOI"liKa, 1972.
06yqeHHe H pa3BHTHe. 3KcnepHMeHTaJIb-
Ho-ne):\arOrHqeCKOe HCCJIe):\oBaHHe/ IIo):\ pe):\.
n. B. 3aHKoBa. M., IIe):\arOrI1Ka, 1975.
II e T p 0 B C K H M A. B. IICHXOJIOrIDI JIHq-
HOCTH. M., 3HaHHe, 1971.
II 0 H 0 Map b K 0 B C. H. .D:eKopaTHBHoe
H o<popMHTeJIbCKOe HCKYCCTBO B llIKOJIe. M.,
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IIpHMepHoe co):\ep>KaHHe BocnHTaHHR
llIKOJIbHHKOB. M., IIpocBe eHHe, 1976.
IIpOrpaMMbI ):\IDl BHellIKOJIbHbIX yqpe>K):\e-
HHM H o6 eo6pa30BaTeJIbHbIX llIKOJI. TeXHH-
qeCKOe TBOpqeCTBo. M., IIpOCBe eIIHe, 1978.
C e M e H H X H H B. 11. H3rOTOBJIeHHe HH-
cTpYMeHToB H rrpHcnoco6JIeHHM B llIKOJIbHbIX
MacTepcKllX. M., IIpocBe eHHe, 1974.
Tpy):\oBoe nOJIHTeXHHqeCKOe o6yqeHHe B
cpe):\HeM llIKOJIejIIo):\ pe):\. K. A. HBaHOBHqa
H .D:. A. 3nllITeMHa. M., IIe):\arOrillia, 1972.
X BOp 0 C T 0 B A. C. 4eKaHKa. HHKPY-
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XY):\O>KeCTBeHHoe o6pa30BaHHe B llIKOJIe.
C60pHHK HayqHbIX TpY):\OB. neHHHrpa):\cKHM
Op):\eHa Tpy):\oBoro KpacHoro 3HaMellli rocy-'
):\apcTBeHHbIll ne):\arOrHqeCKHM HHCTHTYT
HM. A. H. repQeHa, 1978.
III n H K a JI 0 BaT. 51. Hapo):\Hoe HCKYC-
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M., IIpocBe eHHe, 1979.
173
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.sI K 0 6 C 0 H II. M. IIcl'IXoJIorim xyno-
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A P 6 aT 10. A. ,I:J;o6PbIM JIlOnHM Ha 3a-
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B a pan y JI Ii H B. A. O:JIhCKOMY Y'II'I-
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B 0 r Y C JI a B C K a H 11. .sI. PyccKoe Ha-
pOJ];Hoe m:;KYCCTBO. JI., CoBeTcKllH xynO)f(-
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B. A. BapanYJIHHa. M., IIpocBe eHl'le, 1979,
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C a JI T hI I< 0 B A. B. 1136paHHbIe TPY-
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III 0 pox 0 B E. B. OCHOBbI I<OMII03liQHIi.
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3 p e H r p 0 C C E. MCKYCCTBO BOl<pyr Hac.
M., ,neTCI<aJI fllTepaTypa, 1968.
B 0 6 Ii I< 0 B n ,I:J;., JI 10 T e p-
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M., BbICIlIaJI IlII<OJIa, 1974. '"
r p 0 iii Q B r. A." Co JI Q...q H Ii K 0 B H. H.
IIpaKTHKYM IIO nepeBoo6pa6oTl<e. M., IIpo-
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E JI K Ii H B. ,I:J;epeBo paCCI<a3bIBaeT Cl<a3-
I<H. M., IIpocBe eHlie, 1978.
JI H M H H 11. B. BTOPaJI >i<H3Hh nepeBa.
M., JIeCHaJI npOMbIIlIJIeHHOCTb, 1970.
Map T e H C C 0 H A. Ha'illHaeM MaCTe-
pHTh H3 npeBeCID'IbI. KH. nJUI Y'IaIQl'IXCH.
IIep. C aHrJI, B. 11. CI'IHIOKoBa. IIpenl'lcJI.
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MaT Bee BaT. A. M03aHI<a H pe3h6a
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M e JI H K C e T H H A. C. IOHoMY JII06H-
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II p 0 3 0 P 0 B C K Ii if A. 11. Te oJIo-
I"IDI OTnemw CTOJUIpHhlX li3neJrn:if. M., BbIC-
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C T H H 11. H)];p. IIpHpona H cPaHTa3HH.
. M., IIpocBe eHHe, 1971.
4> Ii JI e H I< 0 4>. II. IIoneJIlill H3 npHpon-
HbIX MaTepHaJIOB. M., IIpocBe eHHe, 1976.
X BOp 0 C T 0 B A. C. .IJ:peBecHbIe Y30-
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.sI I< 0 B JI e B 11. 11., 0 P JI 0 B 10. ,I:J;.
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P bI 6 a K 0 B B. A. PYCCI<oe IIpHI<JIaJ];HOe
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. 4> JI e po B A. B. XynO)f(eCTBeHHaJI o6pa-
60TI<a MeTaJIJIOB. M., BbIClllaJI IlIKOJIa, 1976.
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K a JI Y r Ii H A. 11., II JI 0 T H H I< 0 B 10. B.
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OrJIABJIEIlliE
BBe.n;eHHe . . . .
3
r/l.aeaI
TIcHXOJIOrO-ne.n;arOrn1'JeCKHe H MeTO.n;H'-IeCKHe OCHOBbI BHe-
KJIaCCHOH pa60TbI no .n;eKopaTHBHO-npHKJIa.n;HOMY HCKYCCTBY 9
E nHCTBO 3CTeTnQeCKOrO H Tpy oBoro BocnnTaHnfl
MeTO QeClille OCHOBbI pa60TbI KpYH<Ka 16
r/l.aeaII
MaTepHaJIbI H HHCTpYMeHTbI .n;JIfI KpYH<Ka .n;eKopaTHBHO-
npHKJIa.n;Horo HCKYCCTBa . . . .. 64
MaTepnaJIbI
11 HCTpYMeHTbI 86
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TexHHKa H TeXHOJIOrl-rn HCllOJIHeHIDI .n;eKopaTHBHbIX pa60T 102
}(Y O}KeCTBeHHafl o6pa6oTKa epeBa
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r /I.aea IV
TexHHKa 6e30nacHocTH H oxpaHa Tpy.n;a Ha 3aHflTHflX KpYH<Ka 161
3aKJIlO'-IeHHe ..... 169
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