/
Text
Asylum
and Migration
Glossary 10.0
A tool for better comparability produced
by the European Migration Network
2025
Disclaimer
This EMN Glossary has been developed by the European Migration Network (EMN). The European Commission and the
EMN National Contact Points, which collectively constitute the EMN, accept no responsibility or liability whatsoever with
regard to the use made of the information contained in this Glossary or of the content of the websites from which some
terms are extracted.
Reproduction is authorised, except for commercial purposes, provided the source is acknowledged and the following text
accompanies any reproduction: ‘This EMN Glossary has been developed by the European Migration Network (EMN). The
European Commission and the National Contact Points, which collectively constitute the EMN, accept no responsibility or
liability whatsoever with regard to the use made of the information contained in this Glossary or of the content of the
websites from which some terms are extracted.’
The European Migration Network serves to meet the information needs of European Union institutions and of Member
States’ authorities and institutions by providing up-to-date, objective, reliable and comparable information on asylum and
migration, with a view to supporting policy-making in the European Union in these areas. The EMN also serves to provide
the general public with such information. Further information on the EMN, including its other outputs, as well as this
Glossary, may be obtained from www.ec.europa.eu/emn
2
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
Table of contents
Foreword
4
Introduction
5
The European Migration Network
7
Method and approach followed for developing the EMN glossary
Scope of the EMN glossary
Processes followed for updating the EMN glossary
Hierarchy of sources for defining terms
Definitions
Preferred terms and synonyms
8
8
8
9
9
10
Format of the EMN glossary
Order of terms
Nominal agreement and gender neutrality in the EMN glossary
Use of ISO standards for listing EU Member States and EU languages
Source of information of notes
Translations
Relationships between terms
References to other terms in the EMN glossary
References to other sources
11
11
11
11
11
11
12
12
12
Glossary
13
English index
626
List of synonyms
634
List of synonyms (referenced)
640
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
3
Foreword
The European Migration Network (EMN) Glossary on Asylum and Migration is one of the key outputs of
the EMN since its creation in 2008. The EMN Glossary, which covers all aspects of migration and
asylum, supports policymaking and practitioners across the EU and at national level by providing a
common vocabulary of up-to-date terms and concepts, which have been translated into 26 national
languages, allowing for a better understanding and comparability of migration and asylum phenomena.
This latest edition of the EMN Glossary includes terminology that reflects developments since the
publication of the Pact on Migration and Asylum in 2020. The EMN Glossary and Thesaurus Working
Group is currently working on a significant update in the context of the adoption of the Pact on
Migration and Asylum in May 2024. These updates will ensure full alignment with terminology related
to the implementation of the Pact. While maintaining its focus on legal developments within the
framework of the EU acquis on migration and asylum, the EMN Glossary also increasingly encompasses
considerations of the external dimension, while also addressing the operational needs of field
practitioners.
The EMN, coordinated by the European Commission, supports the EU in better responding to challenges
in key areas of migration and asylum. The EMN provides policymakers and the wider public with
up-to-date, objective, reliable and comparable information on all aspects of migration and asylum and
helps to facilitate coherent discussions with all actors in this field.
The EMN is active in its EMN Member Countries (all EU Member States except Denmark) and has
welcomed several Observer Countries, Norway, Georgia, the Republic of Moldova, Ukraine, Montenegro,
Armenia, Serbia, North Macedonia and Albania. A clear result of this increased collaboration with the
EMN Observer Countries is the addition of translations of glossary terms into Georgian, Ukrainian, and
Armenian.
Additionally, the EMN is working with various European and international partners as well as
Commission bodies, ESTAT, JRC, DG HOME, EU agencies such as Frontex, EUAA, FRA, the European
Council, the Council of Europe, the International Organization for Migration (IOM), the Organisation for
Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Several of these partners are actively involved in the
work conducted on the EMN Glossary. The EMN also cooperates with EU Council institutions which
participate in the EU’s terminology database (IATE - Interactive Terminology for Europe), such as the
Council of the EU, the Translation Centre for the Bodies of the EU or the Court of Justice of the EU.
The EMN Glossary is not only available in a printed version but will also be available for download as a
mobile app, thus increasing user friendliness and reflecting the growing number of users accessing the
EMN Glossary by mobile devices. Furthermore, an online version of the Glossary, which is regularly
updated, is available on the EMN website.
The EMN Glossary is a valuable source of information on all aspects of migration and asylum. It goes
beyond the typical scope of a glossary, as it contains useful notes further explaining more than 540
concepts that are relevant in the field of migration and asylum and is updated in response to current
developments.
I would like to express my sincere gratitude to all members of the EMN Glossary and Thesaurus Working
Group. Their outstanding commitment to this activity has contributed to the success of the EMN overall.
Magnus Ovilius
EMN Chair
Directorate-General for Migration and Home Affairs
European Commission
4
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
Introduction
The purpose of the European Migration Network
(EMN) glossary is to provide EU harmonised
terminology in the field of migration and asylum.
It ensures comparability and a common
understanding of concepts between EU Member
States and EU institutions. The EMN glossary is
thus an essential European reference document
for EMN National Contact Points (NCPs) and their
national network members, policymakers and
other practitioners in the EU Member States, as
well as EU institutions, in order to facilitate the
exchange of information. It intends to make
communication easier for policymakers,
practitioners, media and people interested in the
topic of migration.
Version 10.0 of the EMN Glossary on Asylum and
Migration is the latest version, updated in
December 2023. The EMN glossary was first
published in January 2010 and has since been
updated and expanded at regular intervals.1
Version 10.0 of the EMN glossary includes
approximately 540 terms and concepts reflecting
the most recent EU policy on migration and
asylum. Amendments to existing entries reflect
new concepts and terminology, as well as
evolutions in the usage of existing terms that
have been introduced through new legislation and
policy on asylum and migration in the EU. The new
and updated terms reflect all developments since
the publication of the New Pact on Migration and
Asylum in 2020.2 While maintaining its focus on
legal developments in the framework of the EU
acquis on asylum and migration, the EMN glossary
also increasingly considers developments in the
external dimension of the EU’s policy on asylum
and migration, at the same time acknowledging
the needs of practitioners working in the field. As
in the past, it also considers the terminology used
in recent EMN publications amongst other key
documents.
1
2
3
Language versions available in the Glossary App
include Finnish, French, German, Greek, Italian, and
Latvian.
Each glossary entry is comprised of a preferred
term,3 a definition of the concept that this term
represents, the source/sources of the definition,
plus notes and relationships to other terms and
concepts included in the glossary. In this tenth
version, some definitions and some preferred
terms have thus been amended. Many notes have
been updated – and in many cases elaborated
– to provide up-to-date information, to clarify the
scope of the concept (and its understanding in
different contexts) and to indicate online resources
from which further information can be sought.
Each glossary entry illustrates relationships
between terms – equivalence relations between
synonyms, hierarchical relations with terms
representing broader or narrower terms and
associative relations between related terms, thus
allowing users to easily navigate between related
entries. For this English edition, the preferred
terms are also listed in an index at the end of the
EMN glossary.
The EMN glossary is developed and regularly
updated by a dedicated EMN Glossary and
Thesaurus Working Group (GTWG) that
collaborates with key EU agencies and networks
such as the European Union Agency for Asylum
(EUAA), the European Union Agency for
Fundamental Rights (FRA), the European Border
and Coast Guard Agency (Frontex), the European
Integration Network (EIN) and international
organisations, such as the United Nations High
Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), the
International Organization for Migration (IOM), the
International Labour Organisation (ILO) and the
Organisation for Economic Cooperation and
Development (OECD). The EMN also cooperates
with EU Council institutions which participate in
The latest version of the EMN glossary is always published on the EMN website, the last printed version was published in May 2018, https://
home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/european-migration-network-emn/emn-asylum-and-migration-glossary_en, last accessed on 15 January
2025.
European Commission: Communication on a New Pact on Migration and Asylum, COM (2020) 609 final, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/
EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52020DC0609, last accessed on 15 January 2025.
According to the ISO standard 25964 a ‘preferred term (descriptor)’ is a term used to represent a concept. When two or more terms representing
the same concept in the same language exist, one of them is designated a ‘preferred term’ under which the main entry in the EMN glossary
(with definition, source and notes) is listed; the other(s) are listed under the same entry as synonyms and in a separate list of synonyms at the
end of the glossary.
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
5
the EU’s multilingual interinstitutional terminology
database IATE (Interactive Terminology for
Europe),4 such as the Council of the EU, the
Translation Centre for the Bodies of the EU (CdT)
and the Court of Justice of the EU (CJEU).
Increasingly, EMN Observer Countries such as
Georgia, the Republic of Moldova and Ukraine are
involved in the work conducted on the EMN
glossary; this cooperation will be further expanded
with the new EMN Observer Countries:
Montenegro, Armenia and Serbia.
The EMN would therefore like to acknowledge the
extensive efforts of the GTWG members and its
appreciation for the permission given by other
4
6
entities, specifically the EUAA, IOM, UNHCR, ILO,
OECD and the United Nations (UN) to the use of
terms and definitions that they had developed
previously and which are duly referenced in the
EMN glossary. Likewise, the EMN would like to
thank representatives of the EU’s terminology
database ‘IATE’ for their support in updating the
EMN glossary.
In the subsequent sections, a brief overview of the
EMN is given, followed by an outline of the
methodology used to develop the EMN glossary
and some guidance as to its presentation and
usage.
IATE (Interactive Terminology for Europe), https://iate.europa.eu/home, last accessed on 15 January 2025.
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
The European Migration Network
The European Migration Network (EMN) is an EU
network of migration and asylum experts who
work together to provide up-to-date, objective,
reliable and comparable policy-relevant
information and knowledge on emerging issues
relating to asylum and migration in Europe to
meet the information needs of EU institutions and
Member States’ authorities and institutions. The
EMN also serves to provide the general public with
such information.
Council Decision 2008/381/EC of 14 May 20085
established a legal base for the European
Migration Network, amended by Regulation (EU)
No 516/2014 of the European Parliament and of
the Council in April 2014.6 The EMN consists of
National Contact Points (NCPs) in the EU Member
States (except Denmark) and Observer Countries
(Norway, Georgia, Republic of Moldova, Ukraine,
Montenegro, Armenia, and Serbia, listed in order
of accession to the network). It is coordinated by
the European Commission (Directorate-General for
Migration and Home Affairs), which is assisted by
5
6
7
a Service Provider (ICF). More information on the
EMN, including its structure, activities, reports and
studies, may be obtained from its website.
The need to exchange information on all aspects
of migration had already been identified in the
initial development of a common EU Asylum and
Migration Policy. To improve the exchange of
information between and within EU Member
States across the wide range of asylum and
migration policy developments, information must
be comparable between the Member States and
EU institutions to the greatest possible extent, and
for this a consistent use of terms is required. Thus,
one of the main objectives of the EMN as outlined
in Article 2(1c) of Council Decision 2008/381/EC is
to improve the consistency and comparability of
information between Member States.7 The
development of a comprehensive glossary that
identifies and describes different concepts central
to asylum and migration policy in the EU is one of
the main activities undertaken by the EMN to
achieve this objective.
Council Decision (EU) 2008/381/EC of 14 May 2008 establishing a European Migration Network, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/
TXT/?uri=CELEX:32008D0381, last accessed on 15 January 2025.
Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council (EU) 516/2014 of 16 April 2014 establishing the Asylum, Migration and Integration
Fund, amending Council Decision 2008/381/EC and repealing Decisions No 573/2007/EC and No 575/2007/EC of the European Parliament and
of the Council and Council Decision 2007/435/EC, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32014R0516&from=EN, last
accessed on 15 January 2025.
Council Decision (EU) 2008/381/EC of 14 May 2008 establishing a European Migration Network, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/
TXT/?uri=CELEX:32008D0381, last accessed on 15 January 2025.
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
7
Method and approach followed for
developing the EMN glossary
Scope of the EMN glossary
The EMN glossary offers an EU-wide
multidisciplinary and multilingual vocabulary of
approximately 540 core terms and concepts in the
field of asylum and migration. It has a focus on
legal concepts deriving from the EU acquis, while
at the same time acknowledging different
understandings of terms in a more global or
national context, or in different disciplines (e.g.
demography, sociology, economics). Emphasis is
given to terms relating to international protection
and refugees, and legal migration, as well as
irregular migration and return. In addition, terms
that are relevant to asylum and migration, which
pertain to fundamental rights, integration, equality
and cross border movement, are also included.
The glossary includes entries for European and
international institutions, organisations and
processes which play a key role in the European
migration policy, including bodies contributing to
the implementation of the Global Approach to
Migration and Mobility and the external dimension
(e.g. Bali Process, Black Sea Synergy, European
Union Emergency Trust Fund for Africa (EUTF for
Africa)). Key EU, European and international
legislation is also included. However, terms which
describe fundamental principles of governance in
the EU, including the complex web of powers and
checks and balances among EU institutions, as
well as fundamental EU treaties (e.g. the uniform
interpretation and primacy of Union law, the
European Commission with its respective
Directorates General) are outside of the scope of
the EMN glossary and therefore not included.
Throughout the EMN glossary, wherever there is a
reference to a phenomenon (e.g. migration), there
is always a reference to the corresponding person
(e.g. migrant). To limit redundancy for some terms,
preference has been given to the term for either a
person or the process, depending on which term is
more commonly used. For example, ‘highly
qualified migrant’ is a term that is more
commonly used than ‘highly qualified migration’.
There are some terms in the EMN glossary that
have been added for the sake of completeness,
but which are no longer considered to be in
8
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
current use, e.g. guest worker. In such instances,
the rationale is highlighted in the notes.
Processes followed for updating
the EMN glossary
In order to keep the glossary up-to-date and
relevant, it is developed and continuously updated
by a dedicated EMN Glossary and Thesaurus
Working Group (GTWG) consisting of
representatives from EMN Member and Observer
Countries. As already mentioned in the
introduction, the GTWG cooperates with key EU
and international actors in the field of migration
and asylum. Some of them (such as the EUAA)
regularly participate in the GTWG meetings, others
on an ad-hoc basis, especially when terms and
concepts from their specific field of expertise are
discussed (such as FRA in the context of
fundamental rights, Frontex in the context of
border security and return, EIN in the context of
integration). Other organisations (UNHCR, IOM)
send written contributions.
Another added value of the EMN glossary is that it
provides verified national translations of the terms
for almost all EU Member States languages
(except Danish) plus Norwegian as well as
definitions in a number of languages. Since the
update to Version 10.0, also Georgian, Ukrainian
and Armenian translations are included resulting
from the close cooperation with these EMN
Observer Countries. This is particularly interesting
for translators and interpreters working in the EU
as well as in EMN Observer Countries. Against this
background the EMN GTWG has extended their
collaboration and now also cooperates with EU
Council institutions participating in the EU
terminology database IATE.
The EU harmonised terminology ensures
comparability and common understanding of
terms and concepts and intends to make
communication easier for policymakers,
legislators, practitioners, media and people
interested in migration. It may contribute to
improve EU legislation by a consistent use of
terms and definitions when suggesting new
legislation.
The EMN glossary reflects – to the greatest extent
possible – the most up-to-date developments in
the field of asylum and migration, and the
understanding of terms and concepts. In this way,
the GTWG aims to support policymakers at the
cusp of defining new concepts relevant in the
field.
The EMN glossary is available in different formats:
as an interactive online glossary via the EMN
central website and national websites which is
updated on a regular basis.
The EMN glossary is also available to users as a
mobile application for download by Android and
iOS users, which provides convenient access to
terms translated into 27 languages, with
browsable definitions in English, Finnish, French,
German, Greek, Italian and Latvian. The app
provides an alphabetical search, browse functions
for the terms, as well as a visual navigation of
relationships between terms.
From time to time, a printed edition is published
following more substantial updates and new
terms, the last printed version was published in
May 2018 on the occasion of the 10th anniversary
of the EMN.
Readers are invited to suggest new terms and/or
definitions for the EMN glossary, and to comment
on existing ones by contacting the EMN.
Hierarchy of sources for defining
terms
As existing definitions in the field of asylum and
migration can be vague, controversial or
contradictory, and for many terms there are no
universally accepted definitions, the Glossary and
Thesaurus Working Group (GTWG) draws on a
variety of different sources. However, priority is
given to definitions from the EU acquis, without
neglecting other relevant sources from other
contexts. Therefore, the GTWG has established a
transparent hierarchy of sources from which
definitions should be selected, which is as follows:
1. EU regulations/directives/decisions and then
any definitions given in European Commission
communications, particularly those with
proposals for directives;
2. Other EU entities, including Eurostat, the
European Union Agency for Asylum (EUAA), the
European Union Agency for Fundamental
Rights (FRA), the European Border and Coast
Guard Agency (Frontex), the European
Integration Network (EIN), the European Union
Agency for Criminal Justice Cooperation
(Eurojust) and the European Union Agency for
Law Enforcement Cooperation (Europol).
3. European/international conventions, treaties
and protocols (e.g. on smuggling, trafficking and
forced labour from the United Nations, the
Council of Europe and the International
Criminal Court);
4. Glossaries developed by international bodies,
such as the United Nations High Commissioner
for Refugees (UNHCR), the International
Organization for Migration (IOM), the
International Labour Organisation (ILO) and the
Organisation for Economic Cooperation and
Development (OECD);
5. Other relevant (EU) projects/entities (e.g. the
Global Citizenship Observatory (GLOBALCIT):
Glossary on Citizenship and Electoral Rights
THESIM).
6. Some of the existing definitions of EMN
glossary entries have been modified so as to
better reflect the usage of the term in the
context of asylum and migration policy in the
EU; where this is the case, it is indicated in the
‘source’ that the definition is ‘derived by’ the
EMN. Likewise, some definitions had to be
developed by the working group itself, as they
could not be sourced from the references
outlined above; in such cases the entry source
indicates that the definition was ‘developed by’
the EMN.
Definitions
Each EMN glossary definition has been formulated
according to the IATE standard, meaning that they
can directly replace the term in any given text. For
example, the term ‘applicant for international
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
9
protection’ can be directly replaced in any text
with its definition: ‘third-country national or a
stateless person who has made an application for
international protection in respect of which a final
decision has not yet been taken’. Parts of the
terms of the EMN glossary have already been
integrated into the IATE database.
Some terms are understood differently when they
are used in a global context, an EU context or
specific legal contexts (e.g. in the context of the
Schengen Convention or Dublin Regulation). In
such cases, the context in which a term should be
understood is indicated in the definition.
Terms which have a specific linkage to asylum
and migration issues but which can be understood
in contexts other than asylum and migration (e.g.
access to healthcare, school pupil, student,
researcher) are defined specifically for the asylum
and migration context. Terms that do not have an
obvious link to asylum and migration (e.g. child
care, civil war, (environmental) disaster, economic
10
sector, education, language) have been omitted
from the EMN glossary.
As many definitions are derived from the EU
acquis, they are, in most cases, valid for all EU
and often for all EFTA Member States. Where
national definitions deviate from that of the EMN
glossary, this is indicated in the notes.
Preferred terms and synonyms
Where multiple interchangeable terms (synonyms)
were available for a single concept, a ‘preferred
term’ was selected and all the other possible
terms (including quasi-synonyms, acronyms and
abbreviations) were listed as synonyms. In some
cases, the synonym is more common in an EU
Member State than the ‘preferred term’ – e.g.
‘deportation’ is more commonly used than
‘removal’ in many EU Member States, even
though ‘removal’ is the term used in EU
legislation. In such cases, an explanatory note has
been added to clarify national specificities.
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
Format of the EMN glossary
The development of the EMN glossary also
included agreeing on a common approach with
regard to the formatting of the terms and
definitions, as outlined in this section.
EMN Observer Countries’ languages following the
languages codes of the ISO standard 639-19 (see
section 4.5). It should be noted that the ISO codes
for languages often differ from those of the
countries in which they are spoken, i.e. Sweden is
‘SE’ whereas Swedish is ‘sv’, but both France and
French are abbreviated to ‘FR’. The ISO language
code for Georgian is ka, for Ukrainian is uk and
that for Armenian is hy.
Order of terms
The preferred terms are listed in (English)
alphabetical order. Where the term is an
expression or compound word (i.e. comprised of
more than one word), the entry reflects the
ordering of the term in common usage – e.g.
economic migration or applicant for international
protection.
Source of information of notes
Unless indicated to the contrary, all text appearing
in the note has the same source as the definition.
Nominal agreement and gender
neutrality in the EMN glossary
Translations
Terms are listed in the singular (not plural). Only in
exceptional cases, when a term is commonly used
in the plural form, such as e.g. “durable solutions”
or “fundamental rights”, is it listed in plural form.
To the greatest extent possible, both the terms
and their definitions are gender neutral. For
consistency with the IATE database, the genderneutral plural pronouns ‘they’, ‘them’, ‘their’ have
been used throughout, even when referring to the
singular. While some EU languages employ a
gender system of agreement for nouns (e.g. in
German, Migrant for a male migrant and
Migrantin for a female migrant), for simplicity and
for consistency with other glossaries only one
gender form of such terms (the most generic) is
used for these entries.
Use of ISO standards for listing
EU Member States and EU
languages
All references to EU and EFTA Member States
- whether in the definition, notes or sub-heading
- use abbreviations according to the country codes
of the ISO standard 3166-1 alpha 2.8 All other
countries are mentioned in full. However, the
translations of the terms are listed in accordance
with the abbreviations of EU Member States’ and
8
9
Whilst the EMN glossary has been developed in
English by the multilingual members of the
working group, another aspect that was
mentioned previously, was the need for
translations. One feature of the EMN glossary is to
have translations of the terms into all EU Member
State languages (except Danish) plus Norwegian,
Georgian, Ukrainian and Armenian. The languages
of the EMN Observer Countries are listed in the
order in which they joined the EMN.
The translations are, to the greatest possible
extent, direct translations of the English term, or
otherwise a translation that better reflects the
concept/definition given. For some terms, no
translation was available, either because the
English term has been borrowed into the language
and is more commonly used, or because the term
is not used in a national context. In the case of
the former (English term preferred), this is
indicated under the field for the translation as ‘no
usual translation’. In the latter case (where the
term is not used at all in a national context), this
is indicated by ‘no translation’.
Conversely, some terms have more than one
translation available in the national context,
depending on whether reference was being made
to national law or the EU acquis. In these cases,
more translations have been provided, starting
with the context of the EU acquis and followed by
ISO 3166-1, alpha-2 country code list, https://www.iso.org/iso-3166-country-codes.html, last accessed on 15 January 2025.
ISO 639-1 language codes, Localizely, https://localizely.com/iso-639-1-list/ last accessed on 15 January 2025.
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
11
the national context, separated by a semicolon.
The European context is indicated by ‘(EU acquis)’
and the national translation is added without any
further remark. The Slovak translation of ‘breeder
documents’ may serve as an example:
východiskové doklady (EU acquis); zdrojové
doklady. In cases where there are no such
indications, but more than one translation is given
(separated by a ‘/’), the translations can be used
synonymously.
The acronyms used in the EMN glossary for the
translations refer to the EU Member State
languages. As mentioned previously, they follow
the languages codes of the ISO standard 639.10
EU Member States having the same nominal
language (e.g. AT/DE/LU, BE/FR/LU or BE/NL) are
grouped together under the language ‘DE’, ‘FR’
and ‘NL’ and any national deviations from the
translation provided are indicated between
parentheses11 – e.g. the term asylum seeker is
translated as Asylwerber in Austria (AT),
Asylbewerber in Germany (DE) and in the context
of the EU acquis, and in Luxembourg (LU),
Asylantragsteller. A semicolon is used to separate
synonyms of the translation in the same nominal
language. The entry of the German translation of
the term asylum seeker thus looks as follows:
Asylbewerber (EU acquis, DE); Asylwerber (AT);
Asylantragsteller (LU).
Relationships between terms
Most of the entries listed in the EMN glossary list
a number of terms related to the preferred term
through an equivalence, hierarchical or associative
relationship:
An equivalence relationship is a relationship
between two terms that represent the same
concept and which are therefore (virtually)
interchangeable. In the EMN glossary,
synonyms have an equivalence relationship
and are understood to also include terms that
may represent a slightly different concept (i.e.
quasi-synonyms), as well as acronyms and
abbreviations. All synonyms are listed in a
separate list at the end of the glossary.
A hierarchical relationship is a relationship
between a pair of concepts in which one falls
within the scope of the other – see broader
term and narrower term. A broader term
indicates the relationship between a more
generic and a more specific term. For example,
‘economic migrant’ is a broader term of the
term ‘labour migrant’, which in turn is the
narrower term.
An associative relationship is a relationship
between a pair of concepts that are not related
hierarchically but which share a strong semantic or conceptual connection. Such related
terms are not related in a hierarchical manner
but have an association, which may help users
to understand wider contexts and meanings of
the terms in which they have an interest.
References to other terms in the
EMN glossary
Where a preferred term existing and defined
elsewhere in the EMN glossary is used in a
particular definition or a note or by an indicated
(hierarchical or associative) relationship (see
section 4.6 above), then this term is indicated in
bold the first time it is used in the definition and in
the notes. For example, the definition for the term
‘long-term resident’ is given as ‘A third-country
national who has long-term resident status as
provided for under Articles 4 to 7 of Council
Directive 2003/109/EC (Long Term Residents
Directive) or as provided for under national
legislation’; ‘third-country national’ is in bold as it
is defined elsewhere in the EMN glossary.
References to other sources
Where in a definition or note, a source of an
information (legal norms such as EU directives,
international treaties, webpages, publications) is
mentioned, a hyperlink is directly referring to the
respective source.
10 Ibid.
11 Note that when the Norwegian terms differ in the two official versions of written Norwegian, the two terms have been given in the following
format ‘...(b) ; …(n)’.
12
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
Glossary
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
13
absconding
BG укриване
CS útěk
DE Untertauchen
EL διαφυγή
EN absconding
ES fuga
ET kõrvalehoidumine
FI pakeneminen
FR fuite
GA éalú s.; éalaitheach a.
HR bježanje
HU engedély nélküli eltávozás / ismeretlen helyre
távozás
IT fuga
LT pasislėpimas
LV bēgšana
MT Ħarba
NL onderduiken
PL ucieczka
PT fuga / evasão
RO sustragere
SK útek
SL pobeg
SV avvikande
NO unndragelse (b); unndraging (n)
KA მიმალვა
UK втеча
HY
14
արդարադատությունից խուսափել
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
Definition(s)
Action by which a person seeks to avoid administrative
measures and/or legal proceedings by not remaining
available to the relevant authorities or to the court.
Source(s)
Derived by EMN from the definition of ‘risk of
absconding’ in Art. 3(7) of Directive 2008/115/EC (Return
Directive).
Narrower term(s)
risk of absconding
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
6.3 Specific aspects of migration procedures| 13.
Irregular Migration
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration
accelerated international
protection procedure
BG ускорено производство за предоставяне на
международна закрила
A
B
C
D
Definition(s)
EL ταχεία διαδικασία εξέτασης αιτήσεως διεθνούς
προστασίας
An expedited procedure to examine an application
for international protection which is either already
deemed manifestly unfounded, which involves serious
national security or public order concerns, or which is a
subsequent application.
EN accelerated international protection procedure
Source(s)
CS zrychlené řízení o mezinárodní ochraně
DE beschleunigtes Verfahren auf internationalen Schutz
E
F
G
ET kiirendatud rahvusvahelise kaitse menetlus
Derived by EMN from the Council of Europe’s Guidelines
on human rights protection in the context of accelerated
asylum procedures 2009
FI kansainvälistä suojelua koskeva nopeutettu
menettely
Synonym(s)
ES tramitación de urgencia
FR procédure accélérée de traitement d’une demande de
protection internationale
GA Nós Imeachta Luathaithe um Chosaint Idirnáisiúnta
HR ubrzani postupak međunarodne zaštite
HU gyorsított menekültügyi eljárás
IT procedura accelerata di esame della domanda di
protezione internazionale
LT paspartinta tarptautinės apsaugos procedūra (EU
acquis); paspartinta prieglobsčio procedūra
LV paātrināta starptautiskās aizsardzības piešķiršanas
procedūra
MT Proċedura aċċellerata għall-protezzjoni
internazzjonali
NL versnelde procedure voor de behandeling van het
verzoek om internationale bescherming
PL procedura przyspieszona w sprawie o udzielenie
ochrony międzynarodowej
PT processo acelerado de proteção internacional
RO procedură accelerată de examinare a cererii de
protecție internațională
SK zrýchlený postup posudzovania žiadosti o
medzinárodnú ochranu
SL pospešeni postopek obravnavanja prošnje za
mednarodno zaščito
SV påskyndat prövningsförfarande av ansökan om
internationellt skydd
accelerated procedure for international protection
speedy asylum procedure
speedy international protection procedure
I
J
K
Broader term(s)
procedure for international protection
L
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
6.2.3 First Instance (Administrative) determination
procedure
M
Euro Voc Classification
1011 European Union law| 2811 migration
N
Note(s)
O
1. As per the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe’s guidelines
on human rights protection in the context of accelerated asylum
procedures of 1 July 2009, the procedure derogates from normally
applicable procedural timescales and / or procedural guarantees with a
view to expediting decision-making. Procedures whereby a state may
declare an application inadmissible without considering the merits of the
claim also fall mutatis mutandis within the scope of the guidelines. For
more information see the webpage of the Council of Europe.
2. Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Procedures Directive) recognises,
in Recital 18 of the Preamble and in Art. 31(2) that it is in the interest of
both EU Member States and applicants for international protection for
decisions to be taken as soon as possible. This Directive does not provide
for minimum or maximum time limits for taking a decision on applications
for international protection nor does it define the term ‹accelerated
procedure›. However, Art. 31(2) does make clear that the speed of the
asylum procedure may not prejudice ‹an adequate and complete
examination› of the asylum claim.
3. Accelerated procedures must comply with the basic principles and
guarantees laid down in Chapter II of Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast
Asylum Procedures Directive) and may be conducted only in limited cases
laid down in Art. 31(8) of the Directive.
NO hurtigprosedyre for behandling av asylsøknader (b);
hurtigprosedyre for handsaming av asylsøknader (n)
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
KA საერთაშორისო დაცვის დაჩქარებული
პროცედურა
X
UK прискорена процедура надання міжнародного
захисту
HY
H
Y
միջազգային պաշտպանության դիմումի
արագընթաց քննություն
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
15
access to education
BG достъп до образование
CS přístup ke vzdělání
DE Zugang zu Bildung
EL πρόσβαση στην εκπαίδευση
EN access to education
ES
ET juurdepääs haridusele
FI oikeus koulutukseen
FR accès à l’éducation
Definition(s)
a) In the general migration context, requirements
for and scope of admission to the education system
to migrants and refugees in a host country.
b) In the EU migration context, requirements for and
scope of access to the education system for thirdcountry nationals (such as legally resident migrants,
beneficiaries of and applicants for international
protection) in EU Member States.
Source(s)
IT accesso all’istruzione
a) Developed by EMN
b) Derived by EMN from Art. 11(1b) of Council Directive
2003/109/EC (Long Term Residents Directive), and
Art. 27 of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification
Directive)
LT galimybė mokytis
Broader term(s)
GA rochtain ar oideachas
HR pristup obrazovanju
HU oktatáshoz való hozzáférés
LV izglītības pieejamība
MT Aċċess għall-edukazzjoni
NL toegang tot onderwijs
PL dostęp do edukacji
PT acesso à educação
RO acces la educație
SK prístup k vzdelávaniu
SL dostop do izobraževanja
SV tillträde till utbildning
NO tilgang til utdanning
KA განათლების ხელმისაწვდომობა
UK Доступ до освіти
HY
16
կրթության հասանելիություն
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
content of international protection
third-country national
legal migration
Related term(s)
access to employment
access to healthcare
access to procedures for recognition of qualifications
access to social welfare
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
8.3 Access to education
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration| 3206 education
A
B
C
D
Note(s)
E
1. Art. 17 and 18 of the Geneva Refugee Convention and Protocol accord
refugees lawfully staying in a host country the right to work and to
engage in wage earning employment or self-employment. However, the
Convention does not explicitly grant the right to work to asylum-seekers.
It also does not prohibit the use of employment restrictions (to specific
sectors, or regarding the duration of the work, or the priority for specific
categories of persons).
2. In EU Member States, the scope of access to education and vocational
training of third-country nationals depends on their residence or
employment status.
3. Art. 11(1b) of Council Directive 2003/109/EC (Long Term Residents
Directive) ensures that long-term resident third-county nationals enjoy
equal treatment with nationals as regards access to education. Pursuant
to Art. 11(3b) EU Member States may require proof of appropriate
language proficiency for access to education and training. Access to
university may be subject to the fulfilment of specific educational
prerequisites.
4. Art. 27 of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive) states
that minors granted international protection have full access to the
education system under the same conditions as nationals. It also allows
adults granted international protection access to the general education
system, further training or retraining, under the same conditions as
third-country nationals legally resident.
5. Art. 14 of Directive 2013/33/EU (Recast Reception Conditions
Directive) provides for minor applicants for international protection access
to the education system under similar conditions as nationals for so long
as an removal order is not enforced. Such education may be provided
in accommodation centres.
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
17
access to employment
BG достъп до заетост
CS přístup k zaměstnání
DE Zugang zu Beschäftigung / Zulassung zu einer
Beschäftigung / Zugang zum Arbeitsmarkt / Zulassung
zum Arbeitsmarkt
EL πρόσβαση στην εργασία
EN access to employment
ES acceso al empleo / acceso al mercado laboral
ET juurdepääs tööturule
FI oikeus työhön
FR accès à l’emploi
GA rochtain ar fhostaíocht
HR pristup zapošljavanju
HU munkavállaláshoz való hozzáférés
IT accesso all’occupazione
LT galimybė įsidarbinti
LV nodarbinātības iespējas
MT Aċċess għall-impieg
NL Toegang tot werk
PL dostęp do zatrudnienia/ dostęp do rynku pracy
PT acesso ao emprego
RO acces la muncă / acces la piața muncii
SK prístup k zamestnaniu
SL dostop do zaposlitve
SV tillträde till arbetsmarknaden
NO tilgang til arbeidsmarkedet (b); tilgang til
arbeidsmarknaden (n)
KA დასაქმების ხელმისაწვდომობა
UK доступ до працевлаштування
HY
18
աշխատանքի հասանելիություն
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
Definition(s)
In the general migration context, conditions and
requirements governing admittance to the labour market
for migrants and refugees legally residing in a host
country.
In the EU migration context, authorization of thirdcountry nationals (legally resident migrants,
beneficiaries of and applicants for international
protection) to engage in employed or self-employed
activities in EU Member States subject to the rules
generally applicable to the profession and public service,
as well as employment and working conditions.
Source(s)
General migration context: Derived by EMN from Art. 17
and 18 of the Geneva Refugee Convention and Protocol
EU migration context: Derived by EMN from Art.11(1a)
of Council Directive 2003/109/EC (Long Term Residents
Directive) and
Art. 26 of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification
Directive)
Synonym(s)
access to the labour market
Broader term(s)
content of international protection
Related term(s)
access to education
access to healthcare
access to procedures for recognition of qualifications
access to social welfare
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
8.2 Access to employment
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration| 4406 employment
A
B
C
D
Note(s)
E
1. Art. 17 and 18 of the Geneva Refugee Convention and Protocol accord refugees lawfully staying in a host country the right to work and to
engage in wage earning employment or self-employment. However, the
Convention does not explicitly grant the right to work to asylum-seekers.
It also does not prohibit the use of employment restrictions (to specific
sectors, or regarding the duration of the work, or the priority for specific
categories of persons.
2. In EU Member States the right to enter the labour market depends on
the migrant’s legal status.
3. Art. 11 (1a) of Council Directive 2003/109/EC (Long Term Residents
Directive) ensures that long-term resident third-country nationals enjoy
equal treatment with nationals as regards access to employment and
self-employed activity. Pursuant to Art. 11(3a) EU Member States may
retain restrictions to access to employment or self-employed activities in
cases where, in accordance with existing national or Community
legislation, these activities are reserved to nationals, EU or EEA citizens.
4. Art. 26 of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive) ensures
that beneficiaries of international protection have access to the labour
market under equivalent conditions as nationals, immediately
after protection has been granted as well as access to employment-related education opportunities for adults, vocational training, including
training courses for upgrading skills, practical workplace experience and
counselling services afforded by employment offices.
5. Art. 15 of Directive 2013/33/EU (Recast Reception Conditions
Directive) provides that applicants for international protection have access
to the labour market no later than 9 months from the date when
the application for international protection was lodged, if a first
instance decision by the competent authority has not been taken and the
delay cannot be attributed to the applicant. EU Member States can decide
the conditions for granting access to the labour market in accordance with
their national law. For reasons of labour market policies, they may give
priority to Union citizens, EEA nationals and to legally resident
third-country nationals .
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
19
access to healthcare
BG достъп до здравни гриижи
CS přístup ke zdravotní péči
Definition(s)
EL πρόσβαση σε υγειονομική περίθαλψη (EL) ; πρόσβαση
σε ιατροφαρμακευτική περίθαλψη (CY)
Healthcare entitlements enjoyed by third-country
nationals (migrants, applicants for international
protection and refugees) in EU Member States and in
their countries of origin.
EN access to healthcare
Source(s)
DE Zugang zu medizinischer Versorgung
FI oikeus terveydenhuoltoon
Derived by EMN from Art. 11 of Council Directive
2003/109/EC (Long Term Residents Directive) and
Art. 30 of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification
Directive)
FR accès aux soins de santé
Synonym(s)
ES acceso a la asistencia sanitaria
ET juurdepääs tervishoiule
GA Rochtain ar Chúram Sláinte
HR pristup zdravstvenoj zaštiti
healthcare benefits
medical benefits
HU egészségügyi ellátáshoz való hozzáférés
Broader term(s)
IT accesso all’assistenza sanitaria
social protection benefits
LT sveikatos priežiūros paslaugų prieinamumas
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
LV veselības aprūpes pieejamība
8.5 Access to health care
MT Aċċess għas-servizzi tas-saħħa / għall-kura sanitarja
Euro Voc Classification
NL toegang tot gezondheidszorg
PL dostęp do opieki zdrowotnej
PT acesso aos cuidados de saúde
RO acces la ingrijirea sanatatii / acces la sistemul
medical
SK prístup k zdravotnej starostlivosti
SL dostop do zdravstvenega varstva
SV tillgång till hälso- och sjukvård
NO tilgang til helsetjenester (b); tilgang til helsetenester
(n)
KA ჯანდაცვის ხელმისაწვდომობა
UK доступ до медичної допомоги
HY
20
առողջապահական խնամքի հասանելիություն
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
2811 migration| 2841 health
Note(s)
1. In EU Member States, the scope of healthcare to which a third-country
national has access depends on their residence or employment status. For
further information see EMN: Migrants access to social security and
healthcare: policies and practice, 2014.
2. According to Council Directive 2003/109/EC (Long Term Residents
Directive), long-term residents enjoy the same access to healthcare as
nationals as defined by national law.
3. Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive) grants access to
adequate healthcare, including treatment of mental disorders when
needed, to beneficiaries of international protection under the same
eligibility conditions as nationals of the EU Member State that has
granted such protection.
4. Directive 2013/33/EU (Recast Reception Conditions Directive) establishes minimum standards for access to healthcare for applicants of
international protection during the asylum procedure. It requires EU
Member States to ensure that asylum seekers at least receive emergency
care and essential treatment for illnesses and serious mental disorders.
However, the entitlement of asylum seekers to healthcare services
depends on national legislation and varies among Member States. See for
example, the EMN: Ad-Hoc Query on System of medical treatment of
asylum seekers in Member States.
5. Access to healthcare can be a key factor in the process of decision-making on applications for international protection. Subsidiary
protection may apply if the asylum-seeker contends that a return to the
country of origin is impossible for health reasons, as the return of a sick
person which is often connected with the medical standards in the country
of return could constitute a breach of Art. 3 ECHR. Thus case workers have
to take into account whether medical treatment is available in the country
of origin and whether the available medical treatment would also be (e.g.
financially) accessible to the concerned person upon return. For further
information see the description of the MedCOI project in the List of
projects funded by the European Refugee Fund in 2011.
access to procedures for
recognition of qualifications
BG достъп до процедури за признаване на
квалификации
A
B
C
D
Definition(s)
CS přístup k řízením o uznávání kvalifikací
DE Zugang zu Verfahren für die Anerkennung von
Befähigungsnachweisen (EU acquis); Zugang zu
Verfahren für die Anerkennung von Qualifikationen
EL πρόσβαση στις διαδικασίες για αναγνώριση
προσόντων
EN access to procedures for recognition of qualifications
ES
ET juurdepääs kvalifikatsioonide tunnustamise
menetlusele
FI oikeus ulkomailla suoritettujen tutkintojen
kelpoisuuden tunnustamiseen
FR accès aux procédures de reconnaissances des
qualifications
a) In the global migration context, conditions and
requirements governing the admission to procedures for
recognition of professional diplomas, certificates and
other evidence of formal qualifications
for migrants and refugees in host countries in
accordance with relevant national procedures.
b) In the EU migration context, conditions and
requirements governing the admission to procedures for
recognition of professional diplomas, certificates and
other evidence of formal qualifications for third-country
nationals (legally resident third-country
nationals, beneficiaries of international protection)
in EU Member States in accordance with the relevant
national procedures.
E
Source(s)
K
a) global migration context: Developed by EMN
b) EU migration context: Derived by EMN from Art. 11(1c)
of Council Directive 2003/109/EC (Long Term Residents
Directive) and
Art. 28 of Directive 2011/95/EU Recast Qualification
Directive.
GA rochtain ar nósanna imeachta um cháilíochtaí a
aithint
HR pristup postupcima za priznavanje kvalifikacija
HU A képesítések elismertetésére alkalmazott
eljárásokhoz történő hozzáférés
content of international protection
legal migration
LT galimybė naudotis kvalifikacijų pripažinimo tvarka
G
H
I
J
L
M
N
Broader term(s)
IT Accesso alle procedure di riconoscimento delle
qualifiche
F
O
Related term(s)
access to education
access to employment
access to healthcare
access to social welfare
P
PL dostęp do procedur uznawania kwalifikacji
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
R
PT acesso aos procedimentos de reconhecimento de
qualificações
Euro Voc Classification
S
LV kvalifikāciju atzīšanas procedūru pieejamība
MT Aċċess għall-proċeduri fir-rikonoxximent tal-kwalifiki
NL toegang tot procedures voor de erkenning van
kwalificaties
8.6 Other rights
2811 migration| 3206 education
RO acces la procedurile de recunoaștere a calificărilor
SK prístup k postupom uznávania kvalifikácií
SL dostop do postopka priznavanja poklicnih kvalifikacij
NO tilgang til ordninger for godkjenning av kvalifikasjoner
(b); tilgang til ordningar for godkjenning av
kvalifikasjonar (n)
ხელმისაწვდომობა
UK доступ до процедур визнання кваліфікацій
HY
որակավորումների ճանաչման ընթացակարգերի
հասանելիություն
T
Note(s)
SV tillgång till förfaranden för erkännande av
kvalifikationer
KA კვალიფიკაციების აღიარების პროცედურების
Q
1. Art. VII of the LisbonRecognition Convention (LRC) requires States to take
reasonable steps and develop feasible procedures within the framework of
their education system and in conformity with their constitutional, legal,
and regulatory provisions to determine whether refugees, displaced persons and persons in a refugee-like situation fulfil the relevant requirements
for access to higher education, to further higher education programmes or
to employment activities, even in cases in which the qualifications obtained
in one of the Parties cannot be proven through documentary evidence.
2. Under EU legislation certain third-country nationals enjoy equal
treatment with nationals as regards recognition of professional diplomas,
certificates and other qualifications, in accordance with the relevant
national procedures:
family members of EU citizens according to Art. 24 of Council Directive
2004/38/EC (Free Movement Directive),
long term residents according to Art. 11(1c) of Council Directive
2003/109/EC (Long Term Residents Directive),
beneficiaries of international protection according to Art. 28 (1)
of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive),
EU Blue Card holders according to Art. 14(d) of Directive 2009/50/EC
(Blue Card Directive) as well as
students, researchers and school pupils according to Art. 22(4)
of Directive 2016/801/EU (Recast Students’ Directive).
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
21
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
access to social welfare
BG достъп до социални грижи
CS přístup k sociálnímu zabezpečení
DE Zugang zur Sozialhilfe / Zugang zu Sozialleistungen
EL πρόσβαση σε κοινωνική πρόνοια
EN access to social welfare
ES acceso a protección social
ET juurdepääs sotsiaalhoolekandele
FI oikeus sosiaalihuoltoon
FR accès à l’aide sociale
GA rochtain ar leas sóisialta
HR pristup socijalnoj skrbi
HU szociális ellátáshoz való hozzáférés
IT accesso al welfare
LT galimybė naudotis socialinės gerovės sistema
LV sociālās labklājības pieejamība
MT
NL toegang tot sociale voorzieningen (BE) / toegang tot
het sociale zekerheidsstelsel (NL)
PL dostęp do opieki społecznej
PT Acesso à proteção social
RO acces la asistența socială
SK prístup k sociálnemu zabezpečeniu
SL dostop do socialne zaščite
SV tillgång till sociala förmåner
NO tilgang til sosiale velferdstjenester
KA სოციალური დაცვის ხელმისაწვდომობა
UK доступ до соціального забезпечення
HY
սոցիալական ապահովության հասանելիություն
Definition(s)
a) In the general migration context, conditions and
requirements governing access to social protection and
the scope of social security and social assistance
for migrants and refugees legally residing in a host
country.
b) In the EU migration context, conditions and
requirements governing access to social protection
and the scope of social security and social assistance
for third-country nationals (legally residing migrants,
beneficiaries of international protection, persons
enjoying temporary protection and applicants for
international protection) in EU Member States as
defined by national law.
Source(s)
a) Derived by EMN from Art. 11(d) of Council Directive
2003/109/EC (Long Term Residents Directive)
b) Derived by EMN from Art. 11(d) of Council Directive
2003/109/EC (Long Term Residents Directive) and
Art.29 of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification
Directive)
Broader term(s)
content of international protection
Narrower term(s)
social security
Related term(s)
access to education
access to employment
access to healthcare
access to procedures for recognition of qualifications
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
8.4 Access to social welfare
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration| 2836 social protection
22
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
C
D
Note(s)
E
1. The terms social protection, social security and social assistance are
not defined by EU law and are often understood similarly. However, social
protection is generally considered as an overarching concept
encompassing ‘all public and private initiatives that provide income or
consumption transfers to the poor, protect the vulnerable against
livelihood risks, and enhance the social status and rights of the
marginalised with the overall objective of reducing the economic and
social vulnerability of poor, vulnerable and marginalised groups’, see IATE
entry of social protection.
2. Social security and social assistances are narrower concepts.
IATE defines social security as a ‘system of pensions and benefits
provided through the welfare system, designed to give some kind of
security against exigencies such as unemployment, invalidity, and old
age’, see IATE entry of social security .
Social assistance is defined in IATE as ‘range of benefits and services
provided to the population at large, or segments of the population, under
schemes funded by general government which are commonly based on a
test of resources and do not require direct contributions by, or on behalf
of, potential beneficiaries.It should not be confused with social security or
social insurance which are based on contributions, see IATE entry of social
assistance.
3. The Geneva Refugee Convention and Protocol ensures that
recognised refugees are entitled to benefit from the national social
welfare schemes enjoyed by nationals. Refugees are gradually awarded
access to social security benefits, taking into account the duration of their
residence and their integration into the host society.
4. In the EU the level of social benefits and rights depends on the legal
status of third-country nationals.
5. Art.11(1d) of Council Directive 2003/109/EC (Long Term Resident
Directive) and Art. 29 of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification
Directive) guarantee that long-term residents and beneficiaries of
international protection enjoy equal treatment with nationals as
regards social protection, social security and social assistance as defined
by national law. EU Member States may limit social assistance granted
to beneficiaries of subsidiary protection status to core benefits which
will then be provided at the same level and under the same eligibility
conditions as nationals.
6. For more information see: EMN Inform: Social benefits and rights for
beneficiaries of international protection, 2018.
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
23
access to the procedure for
international protection
BG достъп до производство за международна
закрила
CS přístup k řízení ve věci mezinárodní ochrany
DE Zugang zum Verfahren auf internationalen Schutz
EL Πρόσβαση στη διαδικασία διεθνούς προστασίας
EN access to the procedure for international protection
ES acceso al procedimiento de protección internacional
ET juurdepääs rahvusvahelise kaitse menetlusele
FI pääsy kansainvälistä suojelua koskevaan
menettelyyn
Definition(s)
The obligation of EU Member States to ensure that a
person who has made an application for international
protection has an effective opportunity to lodge it as
soon as possible.
Source(s)
Art. 6(2) of Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum
Procedures Directive)
Narrower term(s)
lodging an application for international protection
FR accès à la procédure d’octroi de la protection
internationale
Related term(s)
GA rochtain ar nós imeachta cuí
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
making an application for international protection
HR pristup postupku međunarodne zaštite
6.2.1 Access to the international protection procedure
HU menekültügyi eljáráshoz való hozzáférés
Euro Voc Classification
IT accesso alla procedura di registrazione della
domanda di protezione internazionale
1011 European Union law| 2811 migration
LT galimybė naudotis tarptautinės apsaugos procedūra
(EU acquis); galimybė pasinaudoti prieglobsčio
suteikimo procedūra
Note(s)
LV piekļuve starptautiskās aizsardzības procedūrai
MT Aċċess għall-proċedura f’talbiet għall-protezzjoni
internazzjonali
NL toegang tot de procedure
PL dostęp do procedury
PT acesso ao procedimento de proteção internacional
RO acces la procedura de examinare a cererii de azil
SK prístup ku konaniu o medzinárodnej ochrane
SL dostop do postopka mednarodne zaščite
SV rätt till prövning av ansökan om internationellt skydd
NO tilgang til søknadsprosedyren for internasjonal
beskyttelse (b); tilgang til søknadsprosedyren for
internasjonalt vern (n)
KA საერთაშორისო დაცვის პროცედურის
ხელმისაწვდომობა
UK доступ до процедури міжнародного захисту
HY
24
միջազգային պաշտպանության գործընթացին
հասանելիություն
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
1. The word “effective” is key in this definition and encompasses that
applicants are ensured the possibility to cooperate and communicate with
the competent authorities in a proper and adequate manner.
2. Applicants should be able to present the relevant facts of their case
and ensured sufficient procedural guarantees in all stages of the
procedure.
A
B
accommodation centre
BG център за настаняване
CS pobytové středisko
C
D
Definition(s)
DE Unterbringungszentrum
A place used for the collective housing of applicants
for international protection.
E
EL κέντρο φιλοξενίας
Source(s)
F
EN accommodation centre
ES centro de acogida
ET majutuskeskus
FI vastaanottokeskus (EN accommodation centre)
FR centre d’hébergement
GA lárionad cóiríochta /gu & ai: lárionaid chóiríochta)
HR prihvatilište
HU befogadó állomás
IT centro di accoglienza
LT apgyvendinimo centras
Art. 2(i) of Directive 2013/33/EU (Recast Reception
Conditions Directive)
G
Broader term(s)
H
reception facilities
Related term(s)
I
reception centre
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
4.4 Reception and Accommodation of Applicants for
international protection and other refugees
J
Euro Voc Classification
K
2811 migration
L
LV izmitināšanas centrs
MT Ċentru ta’ akkomodazzjoni
NL asielzoekerscentrum (NL); opvangcentrum (BE)
PL ośrodek dla osób ubiegających się o status uchodźcy
PT centro de acolhimento
RO centru de cazare
Note(s)
1. Such places include decentralised accommodation centres.
2. In FI, the preferred English translation is ‘reception centre’.
3. For more information on categories of reception facilities available in
EU Member States, see EMN: The Organisation of Reception Facilities for
Asylum Seekers in different Member States, 2014.
N
O
SK ubytovacie zariadenie (EU acquis); pobytový tábor
SL nastanitveni center
P
SV förläggning
NO asylmottak / mottakssenter
Q
KA განთავსების ცენტრი
R
UK центр розміщення
HY
M
կացարանով ապահովման կենտրոն
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
25
accompanied child
BG придружено дете
CS nezletilý s doprovodem
Definition(s)
ES niño acompañado
A child who arrives on the territory of the EU
Member States accompanied by their parent/s or
an adult responsible for them whether by law or by the
practice of the EU Member State concerned, and for as
long as they are effectively taken into the care of such
a person.
ET saatjaga laps
Source(s)
DE begleitetes Kind
EL συνοδευόμενο παιδί
EN accompanied child
HR dijete s pratnjom
Derived by the EMN from Art. 2(l) of Directive 2011/95/
EU (Recast Qualification Directive) and
European Asylum Support Office (EASO): EASO Report
on asylum procedures for children -EASO practical guide
series, 2019
HU kísérővel érkező kiskorú
Synonym(s)
FI huoltajan kanssa oleva lapsi
FR enfant accompagné
GA leanbh faoi thionlacan
IT bambino accompagnato
LT lydimas nepilnametis
LV pavadīts bērns
MT Tifel/tifla akkumpanjat/a // wild akkumpanjat
NL begeleid kind
PL dziecko pod opieką
PT criança acompanhada
RO copil însoțit
SK dieťa so sprievodom (EU acquis); sprevádzané dieťa
SL otrok s spremstvom
SV medföljande barn / barn med medföljande vuxen
NO medfølgende barn
KA თანმხლებ პირთან ერთად მყოფი ბავშვი
UK дитина в супроводі
HY
26
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
accompanied minor
Broader term(s)
child
Related term(s)
best interests of the child (BIC)
minor
separated child
unaccompanied minor
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
7.2 Minors and unaccompanied minors
Euro Voc Classification
2806 family| 2811 migration
Note(s)
1.The term ‘accompanied child’ is not explicitly defined in the Union
acquis. However, EU legislation defines the term ‘unaccompanied minor’
in Art.2 (I) of Directive 2011/95 EU (Recast Qualification Directive).
2. The terms child and minor are used interchangeably. However, the term
minor is normally used only in a legal context when referring to a person
who has not reached the age of majority as defined in national legislation.
3. The term and definition of ‘accompanied child’ was developed by
the European Union Agency for Asylum (EUAA) a contrario of the term
‹unaccompanied minor› based on the Union asylum acquis. The EMN
decided to follow this approach as this term focuses on the relationship.
4. For further information see: EMN: Inform Accompanied children’s right to
be heard in international protection procedures, April 2023.
A
B
acculturation
BG акултурация
CS akulturace
C
D
Definition(s)
ES aculturación
A series of changes in cultural mores (ideas, words,
values, norms, behaviour, institutions) resulting from
direct and continuous contact and interaction between
groups of different cultures, particularly through
migratory movements or economic exchange, the media
and other channels.
ET kultuuriline kohanemine
Source(s)
DE Akkulturation
EL επιπολιτισμός, πολιτιστική αλληπεπίδραση
EN acculturation
FI akkulturaatio
Developed by EMN
FR acculturation
Synonym(s)
GA athchultúrú
inculturation
HR akulturacija
Narrower term(s)
HU akkulturáció
IT acculturazione
LT akultūracija
LV akulturācija
MT Akkulturazzjoni
NL acculturatie
F
G
H
I
J
assimilation
integration
K
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
9. Integration
L
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration
M
PL akulturacja
N
PT aculturação
RO aculturalizare
O
SK akulturácia
SL akulturacija
P
SV ackulturation
NO assimilasjon
Q
KA აკულტურაცია
R
UK акультурація
HY
E
ակկուլտուրացիա (համամշակութավորում)
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
27
acquisition of citizenship
BG придобиване на гражданство
CS nabytí státního občanství
Definition(s)
DE Erwerb der Staatsangehörigkeit / Erwerb der
Staatsbürgerschaft
Any mode of becoming a national, i.e. by birth or at any
time after birth, automatic or non-automatic, based on
attribution, declaration, option or application.
EL κτήση ιθαγένειας (EL); απόκτηση ιθαγένειας (CY)
Source(s)
EN acquisition of citizenship
ES adquisición y atribución de nacionalidad
ET kodakondsuse omandamine / kodakondsuse saamine
FI kansalaisuuden saaminen
FR acquisition de la nationalité
GA saoránacht a fháil
HR stjecanje državljanstva
HU állampolgárság megszerzése
IT acquisizione di cittadinanza
LT pilietybės įgijimas
LV pilsonības iegūšana
MT Ksib ta’ ċittadinanza
NL verkrijging van het staatsburgerschap
PL nabywanie obywatelstwa
PT aquisição de nacionalidade
RO obtinerea cetateniei / dobandirea cetateniei
SK nadobudnutie štátneho občianstva / získanie
štátneho občianstva
SL pridobitev državljanstva
SV förvärv av medborgarskap
NO erverv av statsborgerskap (b); erverv av
statsborgarskap (n)
KA მოქალაქეობის მოპოვება
UK набуття громадянства
HY
28
քաղաքացիության ձեռք բերում
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
Global Citizenship Observatory (GLOBALCIT): Glossary on
Citizenship and Electoral Rights
Broader term(s)
citizenship
Narrower term(s)
naturalisation
Related term(s)
ius sanguinis
ius soli
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
10. Citizenship, Naturalization and Statelessness
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration
Note(s)
1. Art. 3(d) of Regulation (EC) No. 862/2007 (Migration Statistics
Regulation) refers or relates to the acquisition of citizenship to those
persons having their usual residence in the territory of the EU Member
State and having acquired during the reference year the citizenship of the
EU Member State and having formerly held the citizenship of another EU
Member State or a third country or having formerly been a stateless
person.
2. One of the possible ways of acquiring citizenship is through naturalisation, which refers more to the decision / administrative process by the
relevant authorities for the granting of nationality.
A
B
act of persecution
BG действие на преследване
CS akt pronásledování
EL πράξη δίωξης
EN act of persecution
ES act de persecución
ET tagakiusamisakt
FI vainoksi katsottavat teot
FR acte de persécution
GA gníomh géarleanúna / iolra: gníomhartha géarleanúna
HU üldöz(tet)ésnek minősülő cselekmények
IT atto di persecuzione
LT persekiojimo veiksmas
LV vajāšanas darbība
In the global context, acts of human rights abuses
or other serious harm, often, but not always, with a
systematic or repetitive element.
In the EU context and within the meaning of Art. 1A
of the Geneva Refugee Convention and Protocol,
acts which are
a) sufficiently serious by their nature or repetition as to
constitute a severe violation of basic human rights, in
particular the rights from which derogation cannot be
made under Art.15(2) of the European Convention on
Human Rights; or
b) an accumulation of various measures, including
violation of human rights which is sufficiently severe as
to affect an individual in a similar manner as mentioned
in (a).
Source(s)
NL daad van vervolging
Global context: UNHCR Master Glossary of Terms and
EU context: Art. 9 of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast
Qualification Directive)
PL prześladowanie
Broader term(s)
MT Att ta’ persekuzzjoni
PT atos de perseguição
persecution
RO act de persecutie
Related term(s)
SK čin prenasledovania / akt prenasledovania
SL dejanje preganjanja
SV förföljelse
NO forfølgelseshandlinger (b); forfølgingshandlingar (n)
KA დევნის აქტი
UK акт переслідування
HY
հետապնդման որոշում, հետապնդման
գործողություն
D
Definition(s)
DE Verfolgungshandlung
HR djelo proganjanja
C
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
actor of persecution or serious harm
group persecution
serious harm
P
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
Q
4.1.1 Refugee protection
Euro Voc Classification
R
12 Law| 2811 migration
S
Note(s)
According to Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive), acts of
persecution can, inter alia, take the form of:
a) acts of physical or mental violence, including acts of sexual violence;
b) legal, administrative, police, and/or judicial measures which are in
themselves discriminatory or which are implemented in a discriminatory
manner;
c) prosecution or punishment which is disproportionate or discriminatory;
d) denial of judicial redress resulting in a disproportionate or discriminatory punishment;
e) prosecution or punishment for refusal to perform military service in a
conflict, where performing military service would include crimes or acts
falling within the scope of the grounds for exclusion as set out in Art.
12(2);
f) acts of a gender-specific or child-specific nature
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
29
Action Plan on the integration
of third-country nationals
BG План за действие относно интеграцията на
граждани на трети държави
CS Akční plán v oblasti integrace státních příslušníků
třetích zemí
DE Aktionsplan für die Integration von
Drittstaatsangehörigen
EL Σχέδιο δράσης για την ένταξη υπηκόων τρίτων χωρών
EN Action Plan on the integration of third-country
nationals
ES Plan de Acción para la integración de los nacionales
de terceros países
ET Kolmanda riigi kodanike integreerimise tegevuskava
Definition(s)
Comprehensive framework to support EU Member
States’ efforts in developing and strengthening their
integration policies.
Source(s)
European Migration Network: Asylum and Migration
glossary - 7th (online) edition, Brussels, January 2020.
European Commission Communication: Action Planon
the integration of third country nationals, COM(2016)
377 final.
Broader term(s)
integration
FI Kolmansien maiden kansalaisten kotouttamista
koskeva toimintasuunnitelma
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
FR Plan d’action sur l’intégration des ressortissants de
pays tiers
Euro Voc Classification
GA
HR Akcijski plan za integraciju državljana trećih zemalja
HU A harmadik országbeli állampolgárok integrációjára
vonatkozó cselekvési terv
IT Piano d’azione sull’integrazione dei cittadini di paesi
terzi
LT Trečiųjų šalių piliečių integravimo veiksmų planas
LV Rīcības plāns trešo valstu valstspiederīgo integrācijai
MT Pjan t’ azzjoni dwar l-integrazzjoni ta’ ċittadini minn
pajjiżi terzi.
NL Actieplan inzake integratie van onderdanen van
derde landen
PL Plan działań na rzecz integracji obywateli państw
trzecich
PT Plano de ação para a integração de nacionais de
países terceiros
RO Plan de acțiune privind integrarea resortisanților din
țările terțe
SK Akčný plán pre integráciu štátnych príslušníkov tretích
krajín
SL akcijski načrt za integracijo državljanov tretjih držav
SV Handlingsplan för integration av
tredjelandsmedborgare
NO Handlingsplan for integrering av tredjelandsborgere
KA მესამე ქვეყნის მოქალაქეთა ინტეგრაციის
სამოქმედო გეგმა
UK План дій з інтеграції громадян третіх країн
HY
30
Գործողությունների Ծրագիր երրորդ երկրների
քաղաքացիների ինտեգրման մասին
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
9.1 Integration measures
2811 migration
Note(s)
1. The European Commission adopted the Action Plan on integration on 7
June 2016. Although Member States are primarily responsible
for integration, the EU is supporting national and local policies with policy
coordination, exchange of knowledge and financial resources.
2. The Plan includes actions across all the policy areas that are crucial for
integration:
pre-departure and pre-arrival measures, including actions to prepare migrants and the local communities for the integration process;
education, including actions to promote language training, participation of
migrant children to early childhood education and care, teacher training
and civic education;
employment and vocational training, including actions to promote early
integration into the labour market and migrants entrepreneurship;
access to basic services such as housing and healthcare;
active participation and social inclusion, including actions to support
exchanges with the receiving society, migrants’ participation to cultural life
and fighting discrimination.
3. While it targets all third-country nationals in the EU, it contains
actions to address the specific challenges faced by refugees.
4. For more information see the Website on Integration of the DG
Migration and Home Affairs.
A
B
active citizenship
BG активно гражданско участие
CS aktivní občanská participace
DE aktive Staatsbürgerschaft / aktive Bürgerbeteiligung
EL ενεργός πολιτότητα
EN active citizenship
ES Ciudadanía activa
ET kodanikuaktiivsus
FI aktiivinen kansalaisuus
FR citoyenneté active
GA
HR aktivno državljanstvo
HU aktív állampolgárság
IT cittadinanza attiva
LT aktyvus pilietiškumas
LV aktīvs pilsoniskums
MT Ċittadinanza attiva
NL Actief burgerschap
PL Aktywne obywatelstwo
PT cidadania ativa
RO cetățenie activă
SK aktívne občianstvo
SL aktivno državljanstvo
SV aktivt medborgarskap
NO medborgerskap (b); medborgarskap (n)
KA აქტიური სამოქალაქო მონაწილეობა
UK Активне громадянство
HY
ակտիվ քաղաքացիություն
C
D
Definition(s)
Civic and political participation by immigrants and the
consequent acquisition and exercise of equal rights and
responsibilities.
Source(s)
Developed by EMN.
E
F
G
Broader term(s)
H
Zaragoza Declaration on Integration
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
I
9. Integration
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration
J
Note(s)
K
1. Active citizenship is an umbrella term for the acquisition and exercise of
rights for civic and political participation. As such, it includes citizenship and residence, membership in (political) organisations, voting,
running for office, volunteering or participation in political protest. For more
information see: Using EU Indicators of Immigrant Integration. Final Report
for Directorate-General for Home Affairs, March 2013.
2. Active citizenship is one of the four main policy areas identified in
the Common Basic Principles (2004) and reaffirmed in the Zaragoza
Declaration on Integration of April 2010 as key factors for a successful
integration policy, the others are employment, education and social
inclusion. For more information see European Website on Integration.
3. For active citizenship the following core indicators have been
developed:
the share of immigrants that have acquired citizenship - the share of
immigrants holding permanent or long-term residence permits;
the share of immigrants among elected representatives.
The first two indicators have been integrated in the Eurostat Migrant
Integration Statistics, for further information see Eurostat Statistics
Explained - Migrant integration statistics - active citizenship.
4. As there is no unified view among EU Member States on indicators in
the area of active citizenship, there is a different interpretation of active
citizenship policies at national level.
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
31
actor of persecution or serious harm
BG субект на преследване
CS původce pronásledování
DE Akteur, von dem eine Verfolgung oder ein ernsthafter
Schaden ausgehen kann
EL υπεύθυνοι της δίωξης ή της σοβαρής βλάβης
EN actor of persecution or serious harm
ES agente de persecución
ET tagakiusaja
FI vainon ja vakavan haitan harjoittaja
FR acteur des persécutions ou des atteintes graves
GA gníomhaí géarleanúna / iolra: gníomhaithe
géarleanúna
HR počinitelj proganjanja ili ozbiljne nepravde
HU üldöztetés vagy súlyos sérelem forrása
IT responsabile di persecuzione o danni gravi
LT persekiojimo vykdytojas
LV vajāšanas vai smaga kaitējuma nodarīšanas
dalībnieks
MT Awtur t’atti ta’ persekuzzjoni jew offiżi serji
NL actor van vervolging of ernstige schade
PL prześladowca
PT agente de perseguição
RO agent de persecuție sau vătămări grave
SK pôvodca prenasledovania alebo vážneho bezprávia /
aktér prenasledovania alebo vážneho bezprávia
SL subjekt preganjanja ali resne škode
SV aktörer som utövar förföljelse
NO aktører som er ansvarlig for forfølgelse / aktører som
utøver forfølgelse (b); aktørar som er ansvarlege for
forfølging / aktørar som utøver forfølging (n)
KA დევნის განმახორციელებელი ან სერიოზული
ზიანის მიმყენებელი სუბიექტი
UK суб’єкт переслідування або заподіяння серйозної
шкоди
HY
32
հետապնդման կամ լուրջ վնասի գործողության
պատճառման մասնակից
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
Definition(s)
Any person (individual or legal)
causing persecution or serious harm, such as:
a) the State;
b) parties or organisations controlling the State or a
substantial part of the territory of the State;
c) non-State actors, if it can be demonstrated
that the actors mentioned in (a) and (b), including
international organisations, are unable or unwilling to
provide protection against persecution or serious harm
as defined in Art.7 of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast
Qualification Directive).
Source(s)
Art. 6 of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification
Directive)
Broader term(s)
persecution
serious harm
Related term(s)
act of persecution
group persecution
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
4.1 International protection
Euro Voc Classification
12 Law| 2811 migration
A
B
actor of protection
BG субект на закрила
C
D
Definition(s)
CS poskytovatel ochrany
FI suojelun tarjoaja
Any person (individual or legal) providing effective and
non-temporary protection against persecution or
serious harm such as
a) the State or
b) parties or organisations, including international
organisations, controlling the State or a substantial part
of the territory of the State
provided they are willing and able to offer protection.
FR acteur de la protection
Source(s)
DE Akteur, der Schutz bieten kann
EL υπεύθυνος προστασίας
EN actor of protection
ES agente de protección
ET kaitset tagav isik
HR pružatelj zaštite
protection
IT soggetto responsabile della protezione
4.1 International protection
LV aizsardzības dalībnieks
L
Euro Voc Classification
MT Aġent responsabbli għall-protezzjoni
NL actor van bescherming
PL podmiot udzielający ochrony
PT agente de proteção
1231 international law| 2811 migration
M
Note(s)
N
Such protection is generally provided when the actors mentioned under
points (a) and (b) of paragraph 1 take reasonable steps to prevent the
persecution or suffering of serious harm, inter alia, by operating an
effective legal system for the detection, prosecution and punishment of
acts constituting persecution or serious harm, and when the applicant has
access to such protection.
RO agent de protectie
SK aktér ochrany
SL subjekt zaščite
H
K
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
LT apsaugos teikėjas
G
J
Broader term(s)
HU védelmet nyújtó
F
I
Derived by EMN from Art. 7 of Directive 2011/95/EU
(Recast Qualification Directive)
GA gníomhaí cosanta (iolra: gníomhaithe cosanta)
E
SV aktörer som ger skydd
O
P
NO aktører som gir beskyttelse (b); aktørar som gjev vern
(n)
Q
KA დაცვის განმახორციელებელი სუბიექტი
R
UK суб’єкт захисту
HY
S
պաշտպանության կողմնակից
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
33
adaptation
BG приспособяване
CS adaptace
Definition(s)
DE Anpassung / Adaptation
Process of modifying some or all of one’s beliefs and / or
attitudes so as to suit new conditions of life.
EL προσαρμογή
Source(s)
EN adaptation
UNHCR International Thesaurus of Refugee Terminology
ES adaptación
Related term(s)
ET kohanemine
integration
FI sopeutuminen
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
FR adaptation
9. Integration
GA oiriúnú
Euro Voc Classification
HR prilagodba
HU adaptáció / alkalmazkodás
IT adattamento
LT adaptacija
LV pielāgošanās
MT Addattament
NL aanpassing
PL adaptacja
PT adaptação
RO adaptare
SK prispôsobenie / adaptácia
SL prilagajanje
SV anpassning
NO tilpasning (b); tilpassing (n)
KA ადაპტაცია
UK адаптація
HY
34
ադապտացիա (հարմարվողականություն)
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
2811 migration
A
B
admissibility interview
BG интервю за допустимост
C
D
Definition(s)
CS pohovor o přípustnosti
DE Anhörung im Rahmen der Zulässigkeitsprüfung
EL συνέντευξη επί του παραδεκτού αίτησης
EN admissibility interview
ES entrevista de admisibilidad / entrevista de admisión a
tramite
ET vastuvõetavuse vestlus
E
Personal interview in an admissibility procedure or
in specific cases laid down in Art. 33 of Directive
2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Procedures
Directive) allowing applicants for international
protection to present their views with regard to their
particular circumstances and on the inadmissibility
grounds before the determining authority decides on
the admissibility of the application.
F
G
H
Source(s)
FI tutkittavaksiottamispuhuttelu
I
Derived by EMN from Art. 33 and Art. 34
of Directive2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Procedures
Directive)
FR entretien sur la recevabilité (de la demande)
GA agallamh inghlacthachta
HR saslušanje za utvrđivanje dopustivosti zahtjeva
J
Broader term(s)
HU elfogadhatósági meghallgatás
IT colloquio sull’ammissibilità
admissibility of an application for international
protection
K
LT pokalbis dėl priimtinumo
Related term(s)
L
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
M
Euro Voc Classification
N
LV intervija par pieteikuma pieņemamību, sākotnējā
intervija
inadmissible application for international protection
MT ntervista dwar l-ammissibilità
6.2.1 Access to the international protection procedure
NL persoonlijk onderhoud in het kader van de
ontvankelijkheidsprocedure (BE) ontvankelijkheidsinterview (NL)
1011 European Union law| 2811 migration
PL przesłuchanie dotyczące dopuszczalności
PT entrevista relativa à admissibilidade do pedido
RO interviu privind admisibilitatea
SK pohovor o prípustnosti
SL razgovor o dopustnosti
SV intervju för att avgöra om ansökan ska tas upp till
prövning
NO intervju for å få å avklare en søknad (b); intervju for å
avklara ein søknad (n)
KA გასაუბრება საერთაშორისო დაცვის
მოთხოვნის შესახებ განცხადების
დასაშვებობის თაობაზე
O
Note(s)
1. Admissibility procedures are conducted when an EU Member State does
not have to examine whether an applicant qualifies for international
protection because of specific circumstances or the inadmissibility
grounds laid down in Art 33 of Directive 2013/32/EU. These are:
another EU Member State is responsible for the application under the
Dublin III Regulation;
another EU Member State has already granted protection;
another country is considered to be the first country of asylum or a safe
third country for the applicant;
the application is a subsequent one with no new elements; or
a dependent lodges an application after consenting to be a part of an
application.
2. EU Member States do not need to examine an application for
international protection on its merits in order to determine whether the
application can still be admitted for examination.
Q
R
S
T
U
UK Співбесіда щодо допустимості
HY
P
դիմումի ընդունելության հարցազրույց
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
35
admissibility of an application
for international protection
BG допустимост на молба за международна закрила
CS přípustnost žádosti o mezinárodní ochranu
DE Zulässigkeit eines Antrags auf internationalen Schutz
EL παραδοχή αίτησης διεθνούς προστασίας
EN admissibility of an application for international
protection
ES
Definition(s)
Prerequisite of an application for international
protection to comply with the requirements necessary
to be accepted for examination to decide whether the
applicant qualifies as a beneficiary of international
protection.
Source(s)
ET rahvusvahelise kaitse taotluse vastuvõetavus
Derived by EMN from the EASO definition in the context
of CdT Terminology Coordination Project
FI kansainvälistä suojelua koskevan hakemuksen
perusteen tutkittavaksi ottaminen
Narrower term(s)
FR recevabilité d’une demande de protection
internationale
Related term(s)
GA inghlacthacht iarratais ar chosaint idirnáisiúnta
HR dopuštenost zahtjeva za međunarodnu zaštitu
HU nemzetközi védelem iránti kérelem elfogadhatósága
IT Ammissibilità di una domanda di protezione
internazionale
LT tarptautinės apsaugos prašymo priimtinumas
LV starptautiskās aizsardzības pieteikuma pieņemamība
MT
NL ontvankelijkheid van een verzoek om internationale
bescherming
PL dopuszczalność wniosku o udzielenie ochrony
międzynarodowej
PT admissibilidade de um pedido de proteção
internacional
RO admisibilitate a cererii de protecție internațională
SK prípustnosť žiadosti o medzinárodnú ochranu
SL dopustnost prošnje za mednarodno zaščito
SV fråga om en ansökan om internationellt skydd kan
tas upp till prövning
NO avklaring av en søknad om beskyttelse (b); avklaring
av ein søknad om vern (n)
KA საერთაშორისო დაცვის მოთხოვნის შესახებ
განცხადების დასაშვებობა
UK допустимість заяви про надання міжнародного
захисту
HY
36
միջազգային պաշտպանության դիմումի ընդունումը
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
admissibility interview
inadmissible application for international protection
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
6.2.3 First Instance (Administrative) determination
procedure
Euro Voc Classification
1011 European Union law| 2811 migration
A
B
admission onto the territory
BG допускане на територията
CS povolení ke vstupu na území
EL εισδοχή στην επικράτεια (EL); εισδοχή στο έδαφος (CY)
ES entrada legal al territorio
ET riiki lubamine
FI maahantulon salliminen
FR admission sur le territoire
GA cead isteach sa chríoch
HR zakonit ulazak u zemlju
HU egy állam területére történő befogadás
IT ammissione sul territorio
LT įleidimas į teritoriją
LV uzņemšana teritorijā
MT Dħul fit-territorju
NL toegang tot het grondgebied
D
Definition(s)
DE Zulassung zum Hoheitsgebiet
EN admission onto the territory
C
The lawful entry of an alien onto the territory of a State
after inspection and authorisation by an immigration
officer.
Source(s)
F
Derived by EMN from the definition of ‘admission (into a
State)’ in IOM Glossary on Migration, 2019.
G
Broader term(s)
H
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
I
Euro Voc Classification
J
legal entry
6.1 Entry Conditions and Procedures
2811 migration
K
Note(s)
In countries signatory to the Schengen Agreement, only citizens from
countries which are not signatory to the Schengen Agreement have to go
through the admission process, whereas in non-Schengen countries all
non-nationals have to be admitted.
PL przyjęcie / dopuszczenie na terytorium
L
M
N
PT entrada no território
RO admisie pe teritoriu
O
SK povolenie vstupu na územie štátu
SL sprejem na ozemlje
P
SV tillstånd att resa in i landet
NO adgang til riket (b); tilgjenge til riket (n)
Q
KA ტერიტორიაზე დაშვება
R
UK допуск на територію
HY
E
պետություն մուտք գործելու իրավունքի
թույլտվություն
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
37
adoption (of a child)
BG осиновяване
CS osvojení (dítěte)
DE Adoption (eines Kindes)
EL υιοθεσία (παιδιού)
EN adoption (of a child)
ES adopción
ET lapsendamine
FI adoptio
FR adoption (d’un enfant)
GA uchtú; uchtáil
HR posvojenje (djeteta)
HU örökbefogadás
IT adozione (di un bambino)
LT įvaikinimas
LV adopcija
MT Addozzjoni
NL adoptie
PL adopcja
PT adoção
RO adopție (a unui copil)
SK osvojenie / adopcia (dieťaťa)
SL posvojitev
SV adoption
NO adopsjon
KA შვილად აყვანა
UK усиновлення (дитини)
HY
38
որդեգրում (երեխայի)
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
Definition(s)
In the context of dependants, the statutory process
of terminating legal rights and duties between
the child and the natural parents, and substituting
similar rights and duties between the child and the
adoptive parents.
Source(s)
IOM Glossary on Migration 2019
Narrower term(s)
adoption of convenience
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
7.2 Minors and unaccompanied minors
Euro Voc Classification
12 Law
A
B
adoption (of legal acts)
BG приемане
CS přijetí (právních aktů)
DE Annahme (von Rechtsakten)
EL υιοθέτηση (νομοθετικών πράξεων) (EL); θέσπιση
(νομοθετικών πράξεων) (CY)
In the context of accords, in public international law,
the formal act by which negotiating parties establish the
form and content of a treaty.
Source(s)
Derived by EMN from IOM Glossary on Migration, 2019.
ES adopción
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
ET (õigusakti) vastuvõtmine
2. Legal and Political Framework of Migration
FI hyväksyminen
Euro Voc Classification
GA glacadh
HR usvajanje (pravnog akta)
HU elfogadás
IT adozione (di atti giuridici)
LT (susitarimo) priėmimas
D
Definition(s)
EN adoption (of legal acts)
FR adoption (d’actes législatifs)
C
F
G
H
12 Law
I
Note(s)
J
The treaty is adopted through a specific act expressing the will of the
states and the international organisations participating in the negotiation
of that treaty, e.g. by voting on the text, initialling, signing, etc. Adoption
may also be the mechanism used to establish the form and content of
amendments to a treaty, or regulations under a treaty.
LV pieņemšana
MT Aċċettazzjoni
K
L
M
NL goedkeuring
N
PL przyjęcie
PT aprovação
O
RO adoptie (a unui act juridic)
SK prijatie (právnych aktov)
P
SL sprejetje
SV antagande
Q
NO godkjenning
KA სამართლებრივი აქტების მიღება
R
UK прийняття (правових актів)
HY
E
S
ընդունում (օրենսդրական գործերի/ակտերի)
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
39
adoption of convenience
BG no translation
CS účelové osvojení
DE Scheinadoption
EL εικονική υιοθεσία
EN adoption of convenience
ES adopción de conveniencia
ET mugavuslapsendamine
FI harhautustarkoituksessa toteutettu adoptio
FR adoption de complaisance
GA uchtú áise
HR posvojenje iz koristi
HU névleges örökbefogadás
IT adozione fittizia
LT fiktyvus įvaikinimas
LV fiktīva adopcija
MT Addozzjoni ta’ konvenjenza
NL schijnadoptie
PL adopcja fikcyjna
PT adopção de conveniência
RO adoptie de convenienta
SK účelové osvojenie
SL posvojitev iz koristoljubja
SV skenadoption
NO proformaadopsjon
KA ფიქციურად შვილად აყვანა
UK фіктивне усиновлення
HY
40
պայմանական որդեգրում
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
Definition(s)
An adoption (of a child) contracted for the sole
purpose of enabling the person adopted to enter or
reside in an EU Member State.
Source(s)
Art. 16(2b) of Council Directive 2003/86/EC (Family
Reunification Directive)
Related term(s)
civil partnership of convenience
marriage of convenience
partnership of convenience
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
7.2 Minors and unaccompanied minors
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration
A
B
adult
BG възрастен
CS dospělá osoba
DE Erwachsener
EL ενήλικας
EN adult
ES adulto
ET täisealine / täiskasvanu
FI aikuinen
FR adulte
GA aosach
HR odrasla osoba
HU felnőtt
IT adulto / maggiorenne
LT pilnametis
LV pieaugušais
C
D
Definition(s)
Every human being aged 18 years and older (unless
majority is attained later under the law applicable to the
adult).
Source(s)
F
Derived by EMN from the definition of ‘child’ in EMN
Glossary
G
Related term(s)
H
child
minor
I
Euro Voc Classification
2806 family| 2811 migration
J
Note(s)
K
Adulthood can be defined in terms of biology, psychological adult development, law, personal character or social status. For the purposes of this
glossary, a more legal definition is used.
MT Adult(a)
L
M
NL volwassene
PL osoba pełnoletnia
N
PT adulto / maior de idade
RO adult
O
SK dospelá osoba
SL odrasla oseba / polnoletna oseba
P
SV vuxen
NO voksen (b); vaksen (n)
Q
KA სრულწლოვანი
R
UK дорослий
HY
E
չափահաս
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
41
advance passenger information (API)
BG Предварителна информация за пътниците
CS předem předané údaje o cestujících
DE Vorabinformationen über die beförderte Person /
Vorabdaten über die beförderte Person / VorabPassagier-Informationssystem
EL εκ των προτέρων διαβίβαση πληροφοριών σχετικά με
επιβάτες (API) (EL); δεδομένα API (CY)
EN advance passenger information (API)
ES información anticipada del pasajero
Definition(s)
Information concerning the passengers
whom carriers will transport to an authorised border
crossing point through which these persons will enter
the territory of an Schengen Member State, which
carriers are obliged to transmit, by end of check-in, at
the request of the authorities responsible for carrying
out checks on persons at external EU borders.
Source(s)
FI matkustajien ennakkotiedot
Derived by EMN from Art.3 of Council Directive
2004/82/EC (Directive on the obligation of carriers to
communicate passenger data)
FR informations préalables sur les passagers
Synonym(s)
ET reisijate eelandmed
GA Réamhfhaisnéis faoi Phaisinéirí
HR prethodno dostavljeni podaci o putnicima
HU előzetes utasinformáció
IT informazioni anticipate sui passeggeri
LT išankstinė informacija apie keleivius
LV iepriekšēja pasažieru informācija
MT Tagħrif bil-quddiem dwar il-passiġġieri
NL vooraf te verstrekken passagiersgegevens
PL dane pasażera przekazywane przed podróżą
PT Sistema Avançado de Informação sobre Passageiros
RO informații prealabile referitoare la pasageri (API)
SK vopred poskytované informácie o cestujúcich (API)
SL predhodni podatki o potnikih
SV förhandsuppgifter om passagerare
NO Forhåndsvarsel om passasjerer (b); Førehandsvarsel
om reisande (n)
KA მგზავრის წინასწარი მონაცემები (API)
UK попередня інформація про пасажира (API)
HY
42
ուղեւորի մասին նախապես տրված տվյալներ
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
advance passenger data
API
APIS
Advance Passenger Information System
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
6.1 Entry Conditions and Procedures
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration
Note(s)
This information comprises: the number and type of travel document used, nationality, full names, the date of birth, the border crossing
point of entry into the territory of the Schengen Member States, mode of
transport, departure and arrival time of the transportation, total number of
passengers carried on that transport, the initial point of embarkation.
Africa Caribbean Pacific (ACP)
Observatory on Migration
BG Обсерватория по миграция за страните от Африка,
Карибите и Тихоокенския басейн
CS Observatoř pro migraci států Afriky, Karibiku a Pacifiku
DE Beobachtungsstelle für Migration in Afrika, in der
Karibik und im pazifischen Raum
EL Παρατηρητήριο των χωρών ΑΚΕ (Αφρικής, Καραϊβικής
και Ειρηνικού) για τη Μετανάστευση
EN Africa Caribbean Pacific Observatory on Migration
ES Observatorio sobre Migraciones Africa Caribe Pacífico
ET Aafrika, Kariibi mere ja Vaikse ookeani piirkonna
riikide rände vaatluskeskus
FI Afrikan, Karibian ja Tyynenmeren alueen
muuttoliikkeiden seurantakeskus
A
B
C
D
Definition(s)
A reference network of migration research institutions
and governmental entities dealing with migration in the
six regions of the Africa Caribbean Pacific (ACP) Group of
States, namely West Africa, Central Africa, East Africa,
Southern Africa, the Caribbean and the Pacific, designed
to produce data on South-South ACP migration
flows for civil society and policy-makers, and enhance
research capacities in ACP countries through networking
and cooperation among organisations.
E
Source(s)
I
Website of the Organisation of African, Caribbean and
Pacific States (OACPS)
GA Faireachlann Stáit na hAfraice, Mhuir Chairib agus an
Aigéin Chiúin um Imirce, Faireachlann ACC um Imirce
HR Promatračka skupina za migracije Afrike, Kariba i
Pacifika (AKP)
HU Afrikai, Karibi és Csendes-óceáni Migrációs
Megfigyelő Központ
K
Related term(s)
L
M
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
LT Afrikos, Karibų ir Ramiojo vandenyno regiono
migracijos stebėsenos tinklas
LV Āfrikas, Karību jūras reģiona un Klusā okeāna valstu
Migrācijas novērošanas centrs
MT Osservatorju (L-) tal-Afrika, Karibew u Paċifiku fuq
il-Migrazzjoni
NL Africa Caribbean Pacific Observatory on Migration
PL Obserwatorium Migracji państw Afryki, Karaibów i
Pacyfiku
N
15.1 EU External dimension of migration and mobility
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration| 7616 extra-European Organisations
O
Note(s)
P
1. The ACP was established in 2010 on the initiative of the Secretariat of
the ACP Group of States, empowered by the International Organization
for Migration (IOM) and funded by the European Union with the financial
support of CH.
2. Activities are undertaken in 12 pilot countries (Angola, Cameroon, the
Democratic Republic of the Congo, Haiti, Kenya, Lesotho, Nigeria, Papua
New Guinea, Senegal, Tanzania, TimorLeste and Trinidad and Tobago).
https://www.oacps.org/3. For more information see the Webpage of the
Organisation of African, Caribbean and Pacific States (OACPS).
PT Observatório ACP das Migrações
H
ACP
ACP Observatory on Migration
European Migration Network (EMN)
Global Approach to Migration and Mobility (GAMM)
IT Osservatorio Africa, Caraibi e Pacifico sulle migrazioni
G
J
Synonym(s)
FR Observatoire Afrique, Caraïbes, Pacifique sur les
migrations
F
RO Observator cu privire la migratie Africa Caraibe Pacific
/ Observator cu privire la migrație Africa, zona
Caraibilor și Pacific (ACP)
SK Observatórium Skupiny afrických, karibských a
tichomorských (ACP) štátov pre migráciu
SL Observatorij afriških, karibskih in pacifiških držav za
migracije
SV Africa Caribbean Pacific Observatory on Migration (no
usual translation)
NO Africa Caribbean Pacific Observatory on Migration (no
usual translation)
KA აფრიკის, კარიბის ზღვის აუზისა და წყნარი
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
ოკეანის ქვეყნების (ACP) მიგრაციის
საინფორმაციო-კვლევითი ცენტრი
Z
UK Обсерваторія з міграції країн Африки, Карибського
басейну та Тихоокеанського регіону
HY Աֆրիկական, Կարիբյան և Խաղաղօվկիանոսյան
երկրների ներգաղթի (միգրացիայի) հետազոտական
կենտրոն (ցանց)
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
Q
43
Africa-EU Migration, Mobility
and Employment Partnership
BG Партньорство за миграция, мобилност и заетост
между страните на Африка и ЕС
MT Sħubija bejn l-Afrika u l-UE dwar Migrazzjoni, Mobilità
u Impiegi
CS Partnerství EU-Afrika pro migraci, mobilitu a
zaměstnanost
NL Afrika-EU-Partnerschap inzake migratie, mobiliteit en
werkgelegenheid
DE Afrika-EU Partnerschaft in den Bereichen Migration,
Mobilität und Beschäftigung
PL Partnerstwo UE-Afryka na rzecz migracji, mobilności i
zatrudnienia
EL εταιρική σχέση ΕΕ-Αφρικής για τη µετανάστευση, την
κινητικότητα και την απασχόληση
PT Parceria Africa-UE para as migrações, mobilidade e
emprego
EN Africa-EU Migration, Mobility and Employment
Partnership
RO Parteneriatul Africa-UE cu privire la migraţie
mobilitate şi angajare / Parteneriatul Africa-UE cu
privire la migrație, mobilitate și ocuparea forței de
muncă
ES Asociación África-UE sobre migración, movilidad y
empleo
ET Aafrika-EL migratsiooni, mobiilsuse ja tööhõive
partnerlus
FI Afrikan ja EU:n kumppanuus muuttoliikkeen,
liikkuvuuden ja työllisyyden aloilla
FR Partenariat Afrique-UE sur les migrations, la mobilité
et l’emploi
GA Comhpháirtíocht an AE agus na hAfraice maidir le
hImirce, Soghluaisteacht agus Fostaíocht
HR Partnerstvo EU-a i Afrike za migracije, mobilnost i
zapošljavanje
HU Afrika-EU közötti Migrációs, Mobilitási és
Foglalkoztatási Partnerség
IT Partenariato Africa-UE in materia di Migrazione,
Mobilità e Occupazione
LT ES-Afrikos partnerystė migracijos, mobilumo ir
užimtumo srityse
LV Āfrikas un ES Migrācijas, mobilitātes un
nodarbinātības partnerība
44
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
SK Partnerstvo Afrika - EÚ v oblasti migrácie, mobility a
zamestnanosti
SL Partnerstvo med Afriko in EU na področju migracij,
mobilnosti in zaposlovanja
SV MME-partnerskapet (migration, rörlighet och
sysselsättning)
NO Afrika–EU migrasjons-, mobilitets- og sysselsettings
partnerskap (b); Afrika–EU migrasjons-, mobilitets- og
sysselsetjingspartnarskap
KA აფრიკა-ევროკავშირის პარტნიორობა
მიგრაციის, მობილობისა და დასაქმების
სფეროებში
UK Партнерство Африки - ЄС у сфері міграції,
мобільності та зайнятості
HY
Աֆրիկա-ԵՄ-ի Ներգաղթի (միգրացիայի),
Շարժունակության և Աշխատանքային
գործընկերություն
A
B
C
D
Definition(s)
E
A partnership that provides comprehensive responses to
the issues of migration, mobility and employment, in
the interest of all partners, with the particular objectives
to create more and better jobs for Africa and to better
manage migration flows.
F
G
Source(s)
Website of the Africa-EU Partnership
H
Synonym(s)
Africa-EU MME Partnership
MME Partnership
I
Related term(s)
J
Dialogue on Mediterranean Transit Migration
Global Approach to Migration and Mobility (GAMM)
K
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
15.1 EU External dimension of migration and mobility
L
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration| 7616 extra-European Organisations
M
Note(s)
N
1. The MME Partnership was launched during the 2nd Africa-EU Summit of
Heads of State and Government in December 2007 in Lisbon, where the
Joint EU-Africa Strategy and the First Action Plan (2008-2010) were
adopted.
2. The partnership aims to ensure sustainable development and the
implementation of relevant international agreements and declarations,
relying in particular on the Tripoli Declaration on Migration and
Development, the Ouagadougou Action Plan to Combat Trafficking in
Human Beings, especially Women and Children and the Ouagadougou
Declaration and Plan of Action for Promotion of Employment and Poverty
Alleviation.
3. It covers one of the eight areas of cooperation of the Africa-EU
(Strategic) Partnership, which is the formal channel through which the
European Union and the African Union work together, and which provides
the overarching long-term framework for Africa-EU relations.
4. For more information, see the webpage of the Africa-EU Partnership.
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
45
age assessment
BG оценка на възрастта
CS určení věku
DE Altersfeststellung / Altersbestimmung
EL υπολογισμός ηλικίας (EL); προσδιορισμός ηλικίας (CY)
EN age assessment
ES determinación de la edad
ET vanuse määramine
FI iän määrittäminen
FR détermination de l’âge
GA measúnú aoise
HR procjena starosne dobi
HU kormeghatározás
IT accertamento dell’età
Definition(s)
Process by which authorities seek to establish the
chronological age, or range of age, of a person in order
to determine whether an individual is a child or not.
Source(s)
Derived by EMN from EASO: Practical guide on age
assessment. - 2nd. edition, 2018.
Related term(s)
child
minor
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
7.2 Minors and unaccompanied minors
Euro Voc Classification
2806 family| 2811 migration
LT amžiaus nustatymas
LV vecuma noteikšana
MT Valutazzjoni / Stima tal-età
NL leeftijdsonderzoek
PL ustalenie / ocena wieku
PT determinação da idade
RO evaluarea varstei
SK posúdenie veku
SL ugotavljanje starosti
SV åldersbedömning
NO aldersvurdering
KA ასაკის დადგენა
UK оцінка віку
HY
46
տարիքի գնահատում
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
Note(s)
1. Art. 4 (3a) of Council Resolution of 26 June 1997 on unaccompanied
minors states that in principle, unaccompanied asylum-seekers claiming
to be minors must produce evidence of their age. If such evidence is not
available or serious doubt persists, EU Member States may carry out an
age assessment. Age assessment should be carried out objectively. For
such purposes, EU Member States may have a medical age-test carried
out by qualified medical personnel, with the consent of the minor, a
specially appointed adult representative or institution.
2. According to UN Committee on the Rights of the Child, General
Comment No. 6, the identification of a child as an unaccompanied and
separated child (UASC) includes age assessment, which should take into
account physical appearance, but also psychological maturity. The
assessment must be conducted in a scientific, safe, child and
gender-sensitive and fair manner, avoiding any risk of violation of the
physical integrity of the child, giving due respect to human dignity.
3. Age assessment can include a variety of processes or procedures either
undertaken singularly or in combination, such as: analysis of documentary
evidence, interview, X-ray, physical or other form of medical examination.
A
B
airport transit visa
BG виза за летищен транзит
CS letištní průjezdní vízum
C
D
Definition(s)
DE Visum für den Flughafentransit
A visa valid for transit through the international transit
areas of one or more airports of the EU Member States.
E
EL θεώρηση διέλευσης από αερολιμένα
Source(s)
F
EN airport transit visa
ES visado de tránsito aeroportuario
ET lennujaama transiidiviisa
FI lentokentän kauttakulkuviisumi
FR visa de transit aéroportuaire
GA víosa idirthurais aerfoirt
HR zrakoplovno-tranzitna viza
HU repülőtéri tranzit vízum
IT visto di transito aeroportuale
LT oro uosto tranzitinė viza
LV lidostas tranzītvīza
Art. 2(m) of Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 (Dublin III
Regulation)
G
Broader term(s)
H
visa
Related term(s)
long-stay visa
short-stay visa
I
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
J
Euro Voc Classification
K
6.1.2 Visa policy
2811 migration
L
MT Viża għat-transitu fl-ajruport
M
NL luchthaventransitvisum
PL lotniskowa wiza tranzytowa
N
PT visto de trânsito aeroportuário
RO viza de tranzit aeroportuar
O
SK letiskové tranzitné vízum
SL letališki tranzitni vizum
P
SV visering för flygplatstransitering
NO transittvisum for lufthavn (b); transittvisum for
lufthamn (n)
Q
KA აეროპორტის სატრანზიტო ვიზა
R
UK транзитна віза аеропорту
HY
S
օդանավակայանի տարանցիկ վիզա
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
47
alien
BG чужденец
CS cizinec
DE Ausländer
EL αλλοδαπός
EN alien
ES extranjero
ET välismaalane
FI ulkomaalainen
FR étranger
GA eachtrannach
Definition(s)
In the global context, a person who is not a national
(native or citizen) of a given State.
In the EU context, a person who is not a national of an
EU Member State.
Source(s)
Global context: Derived by EMN from IOM Glossary on
Migration, 2019.
EU context: Schengen acquis
Synonym(s)
HU külföldi
foreigner
non-citizen
non-national
IT straniero
Related term(s)
HR stranac
LV ārvalstnieks
non-EU national
third-country national
MT Persuna barranija / għariba
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
LT užsienietis
NL vreemdeling
2.4 National
PL cudzoziemiec
Euro Voc Classification
PT estrangeiro
RO străin
SK cudzinec
SL tujec
SV utlänning
NO utlending / utenlandsk borger (b); utlending /
utanlandsk borgar (n)
KA უცხოელი
UK іноземець
HY
48
օտարերկրացի
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
12 Law| 2811 migration
Note(s)
The more frequently used term in the EU context is third-country
national.
A
B
alternative to detention
BG алтернатива на задържане
C
D
Definition(s)
CS alternativa k zajištění
DE Alternative zur Inhaftierung / Alternative zur
Inhaftnahme / Haftalternative ; Alternative zur
Schubhaft / gelinderes Mittel (AT)
Non-custodial measure used to monitor and / or limit
the movement of third-country nationals in order to
ensure compliance with international protection and
return procedures.
E
EL εναλλακτικά της κράτησης μέτρα
Source(s)
G
Derived by EMN from Art. 8(4) of Directive 2013/33/EU
(Recast Reception Conditions Directive)
EN alternative to detention
ES alternativas al internamiento
detention
FI säilöönotolle vaihtoehtoiset turvaamistoimet
11. Detention and Alternatives to Detention
GA malairt ar choinneáil (iolra: malairtí ar choinneáil)
HU a fogvatartás alternatívái
IT disposizione alternativa al trattenimento
LT alternatyvi sulaikymui priemonė
LV alternatīva aizturēšanai
MT Alternattiva għad-detenzjoni
NL alternatief voor bewaring (NL); alternatief voor
detentie (BE)
PL alternatywa wobec zatrzymania
PT alternativa à detenção
RO alternativa la masura detentiei
SK alternatíva k zaisteniu / alternatíva zaistenia
SL alternativa pridržanju / alternativa odvzemu prostosti
UK альтернатива триманню під вартою
HY
կալանքի այլընտրանքային միջոց
J
Euro Voc Classification
HR alternativa detenciji/alternativa ograničenju slobode
kretanja
KA დაკავების ალტერნატივა
I
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
FR alternative à la rétention
SV alternativ till förvar
H
Related term(s)
ET kinnipidamise alternatiivid
NO alternativ til forvaring
F
2811 migration
K
Note(s)
L
1. As a general principle the consideration of alternatives to detention is
only relevant and legal when there are legitimate grounds to detain
third-country nationals (For more information see the entry of detention in this glossary). Alternatives to detention usually provide more
favourable (‹less coercive›) conditions for the potential detainee, and may
also be more cost-efficient.
2. The alternatives, many of which can be used in combination with each
other, can be broadly grouped under the following categories:
obligation to surrender passports or travel documents;
residence restrictions which impose the duty of remaining at a particular
address or residing within a specific geographical area often combined
with regular reporting requirements. The designated places can be open or
semi-open facilities run by the government or NGOs, as well as hotels,
hostels or private addresses. The regime imposed can vary, but people
generally have to be present at the designated location at certain times,
while absences are usually only allowed with a well-founded justification;
release on bail and provision of sureties by third parties;
supervision which obliges people to report to the police or immigration
authorities at regular intervals, and which is one of the more frequent
alternatives to detention found in national legislation. Reporting duties on
a daily, bi-weekly, weekly or even less frequent basis may also be
imposed as an additional requirement to the obligation to reside at a
specified place;
placement in open facilities with caseworker support which is an
innovative alternative to detention; asylum seekers or people in return
procedures are placed in open facilities and provided with individual
coaches or counsellors to inform and advise them about their situation
and options;
electronic monitoring which is the most intrusive of the various
alternatives to detention as it substantially interferes with a person’s right
to privacy, restricts freedom of movement and can have a negative
impact on their dignity. It can also lead to discrimination through the
potential association of people wearing an electronic device with
criminals.
3. Reception facilities can be considered an alternative to detention only
in cases where the individual concerned has to report regularly to the
competent authorities, or if there are residency requirements.
4. For further information see EMN: Use of detention and alternatives to
detention in the context of immigration policies, 2014 and EMN: Detention
and Alternatives to detention in international protection and return
procedures, 2021.
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
49
applicant for international protection
BG кандидат за международна закрила
CS žadatel o mezinárodní ochranu
Definition(s)
EL αιτών διεθνή προστασία (EL); αιτητής διεθνούς
προστασίας (CY)
A third-country national or a stateless person who
has made an application for international
protection in respect of which a final decision has not
yet been taken.
EN applicant for international protection
Source(s)
DE Antragsteller auf internationalen Schutz
ES solicitante de protección internacional
ET rahvusvahelise kaitse taotleja
FI kansainvälistä suojelua hakeva
FR demandeur de protection internationale
GA iarratasóir ar chosaint idirnáisiúnta
HR tražitelj međunarodne zaštite
HU nemzetközi védelmet kérelmező
IT richiedente protezione internazionale
LT tarptautinės apsaugos prašytojas (EU acquis);
prieglobsčio prašytojas
Art. 2(i) of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification
Directive)
Narrower term(s)
applicant in need of special procedural guarantees
applicant with special reception needs
asylum seeker
rejected applicant for international protection
examination of an application for international
protection
Related term(s)
LV starptautiskās aizsardzības pieteikuma iesniedzējs
beneficiary of international protection
person eligible for subsidiary protection
MT Applikant(a) għall-protezzjoni internazzjonali
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
NL verzoeker om internationale bescherming
4.1 International protection
PL wnioskodawca o udzielenie ochrony międzynarodowej
Euro Voc Classification
PT requerente de proteção internacional
RO solicitant de protecție internațională
SK žiadateľ o medzinárodnú ochranu (EU acquis)
SL prosilec za mednarodno zaščito
SV sökande av internationellt skydd
NO person som søker om internasjonal beskyttelse (b) /
person som søkjer om internasjonalt vern (n)
KA განმცხადებელი საერთაშორისო დაცვაზე
UK заявник на міжнародний захист
HY
50
միջազգային պաշտպանության դիմորդ
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
2811 migration
applicant in need of special
procedural guarantees
BG кандидат, който се нуждае от специални
процедурни гаранции
A
B
C
D
Definition(s)
CS žadatel, který potřebuje zvláštní procesní záruky
DE Antragsteller, der besondere Verfahrensgarantien
benötigt
EL αιτών που χρήζει ειδικών διαδικαστικών εγγυήσεων
(EL); αιτητής που χρήζει ειδικών διαδικαστικών
εγγυήσεων (CY)
An applicant whose ability to benefit from the rights and
obligations provided for in Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast
Asylum Procedures Directive) is limited due to individual
circumstances.
E
Source(s)
G
Art. 2(d) of Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum
Procedures Directive)
EN applicant in need of special procedural guarantees
H
Broader term(s)
ES solicitante que necesita garantías procedimentales
especiales
applicant for international protection
I
Related term(s)
ET spetsiaalseid menetlustagatisi vajav taotleja
applicant with special reception needs
FI hakija, joka tarvitsee erityisiä menettelyllisiä takeita
J
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
FR demandeur nécessitant des garanties procédurales
spéciales
4.1 International protection| 7. Vulnerable Groups
K
Euro Voc Classification
GA iarratasóir a bhfuil sainráthaíochtaí nós imeachta de
dhíth air
F
L
2811 migration
HR tražitelj međunarodne zaštite kojemu su potrebna
posebna postupovna jamstva
M
HU különleges eljárási garanciákat igénylő kérelmező
IT richiedente protezione internazionale che necessita di
garanzie procedurali particolari
N
LT prašytojas, kuriam reikia specialių procesinių
garantijų (EU acquis); prašytojas, kuriam reikia
specialių procedūrinių garantijų
O
P
LV pieteikuma iesniedzējs, kuram nepieciešamas īpašas
procesuālās garantijas
Q
MT Applikant(a) bi ħtieġa / fil-bżonn ta’ garanziji
proċedurali speċjali
R
NL verzoeker die bijzondere procedurele waarborgen
behoeft
S
PL wnioskodawca wymagający specjalnych gwarancji
proceduralnych
T
PT requerente com necessidade de garantias
processuais especiais
RO solicitant care mecesita garantii procedurale speciale
U
SK žiadateľ, ktorý potrebuje osobitné procesné záruky
(EU acquis)
V
SL prosilec, ki potrebuje posebna postopkovna jamstva
SV sökande i behov av särskilda förfarandegarantier
W
NO søker som har behov for særskilt
saksbehandlingsprosedyre (b); søkjar som treng
særskild sakshandsamingsprosedyre (n)
X
KA განსაკუთრებული პროცედურული გარანტიების
Y
UK заявник, який потребує особливих процедурних
гарантій
Z
საჭიროების მქონე განმცხადებელი
HY
հատուկ ընթացակարգային երաշխիքների կարիքը
ունեցող դիմորդ
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
51
applicant with special
reception needs
BG кандидат със специални потребности за приемане
CS žadatel se zvláštními potřebami při přijetí
Definition(s)
EL αιτών με ειδικές ανάγκες υποδοχής (EL); αιτητής με
ειδικές ανάγκες υποδοχής (CY)
A vulnerable person, in accordance with Art. 21
of Directive 2013/33/EU (Recast Reception Conditions
Directive), who is in need of special guarantees in order
to benefit from the rights and obligations provided for in
this Directive.
EN applicant with special reception needs
Source(s)
DE Antragsteller mit besonderen Bedürfnissen bei der
Aufnahme
ES solicitante con necesidades de acogida particulares
ET taotleja, kes vajab vastuvõtu eritingimusi
FI hakija, jolla on erityisiä vastaanottotarpeita
FR demandeur ayant des besoins particuliers en matière
d’accueil
Art. 2(k) of Directive 2013/33/EU (Recast Reception
Conditions Directive)
Broader term(s)
applicant for international protection
vulnerable person
GA iarratasóir a bhfuil sainriachtanais fáiltithe aige
Related term(s)
HR tražitelj međunarodne zaštite s posebnim prihvatnim
potrebama
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
applicant in need of special procedural guarantees
HU különleges befogadási igényekkel rendelkező
kérelmező
4.1 International protection
IT richiedente protezione internazionale con esigenze di
accoglienza particolari
2811 migration
LT specialių priėmimo poreikių turintis prašytojas
LV pieteikuma iesniedzējs ar īpašām uzņemšanas
vajadzībām
MT Applikant(a) bi bżonnijiet speċjali ta’ akkoljenza
NL verzoeker met bijzondere opvangbehoeften
PL wnioskodawca o szczególnych potrzebach w zakresie
przyjmowania
PT requerente com necessidades de acolhimento
especiais
RO solicitant cu nevoi speciale de primire
SK žiadateľ s osobitnými potrebami pri prijímaní (EU
acquis)
SL prosilec s posebnimi potrebami glede sprejema
SV sökande med särskilda mottagandebehov
NO søker som har behov for særskilte
innkvarteringsforhold (b); søkjar som treng særskilde
innkvarteringstilhøve (n)
KA მიღების განსაკუთრებული საჭიროებების
მქონე განმცხადებელი
UK заявник з особливими потребами щодо прийому
HY
52
ընդունելության հատուկ կարիքներ ունեցող դիմորդ
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
Euro Voc Classification
A
B
application for asylum
BG молба за убежище
CS žádost o azyl
EL αίτηση ασύλου
EN application for asylum
ES solicitud de asilo
An application made by a foreigner or a stateless
person which can be understood as a request
for protection under the Geneva Refugee Convention
and Protocol or national refugee law.
E
Source(s)
G
FI turvapaikkahakemus
Derived by EMN from the definition in Art. 2 (b)
of Council Directive 2005/85/EC (Asylum Procedures
Directive)
FR demande d’asile
Synonym(s)
ET varjupaigataotlus
HR zahtjev za azil
asylum application
asylum claim
HU menedékjog iránti kérelem
Broader term(s)
GA iarratas ar thearmann
J
K
unfounded application for international protection
LV patvēruma pieteikums
L
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
MT Talba / Applikazzjoni għall-ażil
4.1.1 Refugee protection
NL asielverzoek / asielaanvraag
M
Euro Voc Classification
PL wniosek o azyl
PT pedido de asilo
RO cerere de azil
SK žiadosť o udelenie azylu / žiadosť o azyl
SL prošnja za azil
SV asylansökan
NO asylsøknad
KA განცხადება თავშესაფრის მოთხოვნის შესახებ
ապաստանի դիմում
I
Narrower term(s)
LT prašymas suteikti prieglobstį
F
H
application for international protection
IT domanda d’asilo
HY
D
Definition(s)
DE Asylantrag
UK заява про надання притулку
C
1231 international law| 2811 migration
N
Note(s)
O
1. In most EU Member States this term is understood as a synonym
to application for international protection following the adoption
of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive) and Directive
2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Procedures Directive). However, IE, which has
not adopted the single procedure, continues to use the term ‘application
for asylum’ for an application for protection under the Geneva Refugee
Convention only. In DE the term is still used to include, in addition to the
application for international protection according the Qualification
Directive, also the application according to the national legislation, Art.
16a Basic Law.
2. Outside EU legislation and in everyday use, the terms ‘asylum
application’ and ‘application for asylum’ are often used more frequently
than ‘application for international protection’.
3. According to Protocol 24 of TFEU on asylum for nationals of Member
States of the European Union (1997), EU Member States shall be
regarded as constituting safe countries of origin in respect of each
other for all legal and practical purposes in relation to asylum matters.
Accordingly, any application for asylum made by a national of an EU
Member State is normally not taken into consideration. In practice, non-EU
Member States can receive applications for asylum from EU Member
States.
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
53
application for
international protection
BG молба за международна закрила
CS žádost o mezinárodní ochranu
DE Antrag auf internationalen Schutz
EL αίτηση για διεθνή προστασία
EN application for international protection
ES solicitud de protección internacional
ET rahvusvahelise kaitse taotlus
FI kansainvälistä suojelua koskeva hakemus
FR demande de protection internationale
GA iarratas ar chosaint idirnáisiúnta
HR zahtjev za međunarodnu zaštitu
Definition(s)
A request made by a third-country national or
a stateless person for protection from a EU Member
State, that can be understood to seek refugee
status or subsidiary protection status, and that does
not explicitly request another kind of protection, outside
the scope of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification
Directive), that can be applied for separately.
Source(s)
Art. 2(h) of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification
Directive)
Narrower term(s)
LV starptautiskās aizsardzības pieteikums
application for asylum
examination of an application for international
protection
subsequent application for international protection
unfounded application for international protection
withdrawal of an application for international protection
MT Applikazzjoni / Talba għall-protezzjoni internazzjonali
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
HU nemzetközi védelem iránti kérelem
IT domanda di protezione internazionale
LT tarptautinės apsaugos prašymas (EU acquis);
prašymas suteikti prieglobstį
NL verzoek om internationale bescherming
PL wniosek o udzielenie ochrony międzynarodowej
PT pedido de proteção internacional
RO cerere de protectie internationala
SK žiadosť o medzinárodnú ochranu (EU acquis)
SL prošnja za mednarodno zaščito
SV ansökan om internationellt skydd
NO søknad om internasjonal beskyttelse (b); søknad om
internasjonalt vern (n)
KA განცხადება საერთაშორისო დაცვის
მოთხოვნის შესახებ
UK заява про надання міжнародного захисту
HY
54
միջազգային պաշտպանության դիմում
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
4.1 International protection
Euro Voc Classification
12 Law| 2811 migration
Note(s)
1. In most EU Member States this term is understood as a synonym to
‘application for asylum’ following the adoption of Directive 2011/95/EU
(Recast Qualification Directive) and Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum
Procedures Directive).
2. In everyday use, the terms ‘asylum application’ and ‘application for
asylum’ are often used more frequently than ‘application for international
protection’.
3. According to Protocol 24 of TFEU on asylum for nationals of Member
States of the European Union (1997), EU Member States shall be
regarded as constituting safe countries of origin in respect of each other
for all legal and practical purposes in relation to asylum matters.
Accordingly, any application for asylum made by a national of an EU
Member State is normally not taken into consideration.
A
B
apprehension
BG задържане
CS zadržení
DE Aufgriff / Ergreifung / Festnahme
EL σύλληψη
EN apprehension
ES aprehensión
ET kinnipidamine / vahistamine
FI kiinniottaminen
FR arrestation; appréhension (BE, LU)
GA gabháil
HR zatjecanje
HU elfogás / feltartóztatás
IT arresto
C
D
Definition(s)
In the EU migration context, any action by the relevant
national authority(ies) which results in identifying
an irregular migrant and which may limit the freedom
of movement of the person concerned.
E
Source(s)
G
Related term(s)
H
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
I
Euro Voc Classification
J
Developed by EMN
irregular migrant
13. Irregular Migration
2811 migration
K
LT sulaikymas
L
LV aizturēšana personas identitātes noskaidrošanai
MT Qbid / Arrest
M
NL aanhouding
PL zatrzymanie
N
PT detecção
RO luare in custodie publica
O
SK zadržanie (EU acquis); predvedenie
SL prijetje
P
SV kvarhållande
NO pågripelse (b); pågriping (n)
Q
KA დაკავება
R
UK затримання
HY
F
ձերբակալություն
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
55
arranged marriage
BG уреден брак
CS dohodnutý sňatek
DE arrangierte Ehe / arrangierte Eheschließung
EL προσυμφωνημένος γάμος
EN arranged marriage
ES matrimonio arreglado / matrimonio concertado
ET korraldatud abielu
FI järjestetty avioliitto
FR mariage arrangé
GA cleamhnas
Definition(s)
Marriage in which the marital partners are proposed
or selected by individuals other than the couple
themselves.
Source(s)
Derived by EMN from the entry of ‘arranged marriage’ in
the IATE terminology database
Related term(s)
forced marriage
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
HR dogovoreni brak
14.3 Social factors and impacts (such as changes in
demographics, age, education level, diversity)
HU elrendezett házasság
Euro Voc Classification
IT matrimonio combinato
2806 family
LT primestoji santuoka
LV sarunātas laulības
MT żwieġ arranġat
NL gearrangeerd huwelijk
PL małżeństwo aranżowane
PT casamento arranjado
RO căsătorie aranjată
SK dohodnuté manželstvo
SL dogovorjena poroka / dogovorjena zakonska zveza
SV arrangerat äktenskap
NO arrangert ekteskap
KA გარიგებით ქორწინება
UK фіктивний шлюб
HY
56
համաձայնեցված ամուսնություն
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
Note(s)
1. Arranged marriages are different from forced marriages. One
difference with forced marriage is the element of choice in accepting or
refusing the arrangement. However, the distinction of forced and arranged
marriage is not clear-cut, as it is difficult to assess when the spouses have
or have not been under pressure to consent to marry. One or both partners
may be subjected to cultural pressures, which may in fact result in limiting
the free will to contract marriage. And if at least one of the parties does
not consent to the marriage, an arranged marriage becomes a forced
marriage.
2. For more information see: FRA: Addressing forced marriage inthe EU:
legal provisions and promising practice, 2014 and European Parliament:
forced marriages from a gender perspective, 2016.
A
B
Asia-Europe Meeting (ASEM)
BG Среща Азия-Европа
CS Asijsko-evropské setkání
DE Asien-Europa-Treffen
EL Ευρωασιατικές Συναντήσεις
EN Asia-Europe Meeting (ASEM)
ES Conferencia Asia-Europa
ET Aasia-Euroopa kohtumine
FI Aasian ja Euroopan yhteistyöfoorumi
FR Réunion Asie-Europe
GA Cruinniú den Áis agus den Eoraip
HR Azijsko-europski sastanak
HU Ázsia-Európa Találkozó
IT Meeting Asia-Europa
LT Azijos ir Europos susitikimas
LV Āzijas un Eiropas sanāksme
MT Laqgħa (Il-) Asja-Ewropa
NL Asia-Europe Meeting
PL Asia-Europe Meeting
C
D
Definition(s)
An informal process of dialogue and cooperation
bringing together countries of the two regions (27 EU
Member States, two other European countries and 20
Asian countries), the European Commission and the
Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)
Secretariat which addresses political, economic and
cultural issues, with the objective of strengthening the
relationship between the two regions, in a spirit of
mutual respect and equal partnership.
E
Source(s)
I
Synonym(s)
J
Related term(s)
K
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
L
Euro Voc Classification
M
F
G
H
Website of the Asia-Europe-Meeting (ASEM)
ASEM
Global Approach to Migration and Mobility (GAMM)
15.1 EU External dimension of migration and mobility
2811 migration| 7616 extra-European Organisations
N
PT Cimeira Ásia-Europa
RO Reuniunea Asia Europa
SK Stretnutie Ázia - Európa (EU acquis); Fórum Ázia
- Európa (ASEM)
SL Azijsko-evropsko srečanje
SV Asia-Europe Meeting / Asien-Europa-mötet
Note(s)
1. ASEM was initiated in 1996 in Bangkok.
2. In the political field, areas of common interest include the fight against
terrorism or the management of migration flows; discussions on human
rights, on the protection of children, and on the impact of globalisation.
3. For more information, see the website of the Asia-Europe meeting.
P
Q
NO Asia-Europe Meeting
KA აზია-ევროპის დიალოგი (ASEM)
R
UK Форум «Азія-Європа» (АСЕМ)
HY
O
S
Եվրոպա-Ասիա հանդիպում
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
57
assigned area of residence
BG Зададена област на пребиваване
CS vymezené území
DE zugewiesenes Wohngebiet / geographische
Beschränkung des Aufenthalts / Wohnsitzauflage /
Wohnsitzbeschränkung
EL οριζόμενη περιοχή διαμονής
Definition(s)
Assignment of applicants for international
protection and/or beneficiaries of international
protection to a particular area of residence.
Source(s)
EN assigned area of residence
Derived by EMN from Art. 7(2) of Directive 2013/33/EU
(Recast Reception Conditions Directive)
ES zona asignada
Synonym(s)
ET kindlaksmääratud elamispiirkond
FI osoitettu asuinpaikka
FR zone de résidence assignée
GA
HR određeno područje boravka
HU kijelölt tartózkodási hely
IT area o luogo di residenza assegnata
LT nustatyta gyvenamoji vieta
LV noteiktais dzīvesvietas apgabals
geographic restriction on residence
obligatory residence
residence condition
residence obligation
residence rule
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
4.4 Reception and Accommodation of Applicants for
international protection and other refugees
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration
MT Distrett / Żona residenzjali assenjat/a
NL aangewezen / toegewezen gebied van verblijf
PL wyznaczony obszar
PT área de residência designada
RO zona stabilită
SK určená oblasť pobytu
SL določeno območje prebivanja
SV anvisat boendeområde
NO Pålagt bosted (b); Pålagd bustad (n)
KA გამოყოფილი საცხოვრისი
UK призначена територія проживання
HY
58
նշանակված բնակության շրջան
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
Note(s)
1. According to Art. 7(2) of Directive 2013/33/EU (Recast Reception
Conditions Directive) applicants for international protection may be
assigned to a specific area for reasons of public interest, public order or,
when necessary, for the swift processing and effective monitoring of
their application for international protection. They may move freely
within this assigned area. The assigned area shall not affect the
unalienable sphere of private life and shall allow sufficient scope for
guaranteeing access to all benefits under this Directive.
2. National laws and/or administrative regulations of EU Member States
and NO may determine where beneficiaries of international protection will
live, by either allocating them to or banning them from certain areas. The
objective is to facilitate integration.
3. According to Art. 33 of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification
Directive) EU Member States must allow freedom of movement within
their territory to beneficiaries of international protection under the same
conditions as those provided for other non-EU citizens who are legally
resident. Beneficiaries of subsidiary protection may be required to reside
at a specific area of residence only in limited cases as the CJEU held in its
judgment of 1 March 2016 (joined cases C-443/14 and C-444/14 ‹Alo &
Osso›). In line with that judgment, EU law does not preclude EU Member
States from imposing residence conditions on a beneficiary of subsidiary
protection status in receipt of certain specific social security benefits, with
the objective of facilitating the integration of third-country nationals in
the EU Member State that has granted that protection. However, such a
limitation is not for the purpose of achieving an appropriate distribution of
the burden of paying benefits among the various institutions competent in
that regard, when the applicable national rules do not provide for the
imposition of such a measure for other groups of migrants (including refugees). For more information see CJEU judgment of 1 March 2016.
4. The concept of an assigned area of residence may be implemented in
the national context of EU Member States in different ways and be
applied to different categories of applicants and/or beneficiaries of
international protection. In IT beneficiaries of international protection can
be assigned to a specific address/place of residence.
A
B
assimilation
BG асимилация
CS asimilace
DE Assimilation
EL αφομοίωση
EN assimilation
ES asimilación
C
The gradual process by which a minority group adopts
the patterns of behaviour of a majority group or host
society and is eventually absorbed by the majority
group / host society.
E
Source(s)
G
ET assimileeruma
Malgesini and Giménez: Guía de conceptos sobre
migraciones racismo e inteculturalidad, 2000
FI assimilaatio
Synonym(s)
FR assimilation
GA asamhlú
HR asimilacija
HU asszimiláció
IT assimilazione
D
Definition(s)
F
H
cultural assimilation
I
Broader term(s)
acculturation
J
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
LT asimiliacija
14.3 Social factors and impacts (such as changes in
demographics, age, education level, diversity)
K
LV asimilācija
Euro Voc Classification
L
MT Assimilazzjoni
2811 migration| 2816 demography and population
M
NL assimilatie
PL asymilacja
N
PT assimilação
RO asimilare
O
SK asimilácia
SL asimilacija
P
SV assimilering
NO assimilering
Q
KA ასიმილაცია
R
UK асиміляція
HY
ասիմիլյացիա (ձուլում)
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
59
assisted voluntary return
BG подпомогнато / асистирано доброволно връщане
CS asistovaný dobrovolný návrat
Definition(s)
DE unterstützte freiwillige Rückkehr
Voluntary return or voluntary departure supported by
logistical, financial and / or other material assistance.
EL υποβοηθούμενη εκούσια / εθελούσια επιστροφή
Source(s)
EN assisted voluntary return
Developed by EMN
ES retorno voluntario asistido
Broader term(s)
FI avustettu vapaaehtoinen paluu
voluntary departure
voluntary return
FR aide au retour volontaire
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
ET toetatud vabatahtlik tagasipöördumine
GA cur ar ais deonach cuidithe
HR potpomognuti dragovoljni povratak
HU támogatott önkéntes visszatérés
IT rimpatrio volontario assistito
LT (remiamas) savanoriškas grįžimas
LV atbalstīta brīvprātīga atgriešanās
MT Ritorn volontarju assistit
NL begeleide vrijwillige terugkeer
PL wspomagany dobrowolny powrót
PT programa de retorno voluntário assistido e
reintegração (ARVoRe)
RO returnare voluntară asistată
SK asistovaný dobrovoľný návrat (ADN / AVR)
SL prostovoljno vračanje s pomočjo
SV frivilligt återvändande
NO assistert retur
KA ნებაყოფლობითი დაბრუნების ხელშეწყობა
UK сприяння добровільному поверненню
HY
60
աջակցվող կամավոր վերադարձ
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
12.1 Voluntary return
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration
assisted voluntary return and
reintegration programme (AVRR)
BG програма за подпомагане на доброволното
връщане и реинтеграция (ПАДВР)
CS asistovaný dobrovolný návrat a reintegrační program
ES programa de retorno voluntario
ET toetatud vabatahtliku tagasipöördumise ja
reintegratsiooni programm
FI avustetun vapaaehtoisen paluun ja
uudelleenkotoutumisen ohjelma
FR programme d’aide au retour volontaire et à la
réintégration (AVRR) (BE, LU); programme d’aide au
retour volontaire et à la réinsertion (AVRR) (FR)
GA clár fillte
HR Program potpomognutog dragovoljnog povratka i
reintegracije
HU támogatott önkéntes visszatérési és reintegrációs
program
IT programma di ritorno volontario assistito con
reintegrazione (RVA&R)
LT (remiamo) savanoriško grįžimo ir reintegracijos
programa
LV atbalstītas brīvprātīgās atgriešanās un reintegrācijas
programma
MT Programm t’assistenza / ta’ għajnuna għal ritorn
volontarju u riintegrazzjoni (PARVR)
NL terugkeerprogramma
PL program wspomaganych dobrowolnych powrotów i
reintegracji
PT Programa de apoio ao retorno voluntário e à
reintegração
RO program de returnare voluntară și reintegrare
asistată (AVRR)
SK program asistovaných dobrovoľných návratov a
reintegrácií (AVRR)
SL program pomoči pri prostovoljnem vračanju in
ponovnem vključevanju
SV program för stöd till frivilligt återvändande och
återintegrering
NO Assistert retur- og reintegreringsprogram (AVVR),
tidligere Returprogram
KA ნებაყოფლობითი დაბრუნებისა და
რეინტეგრაციის ხელშეწყობის პროგრამა
(AVRR)
UK Програма допомоги в добровільному поверненні
та реінтеграції (AVRR)
HY աջակցվող կամավոր վերադարձի և
B
C
D
Definition(s)
DE Programm zur Unterstützung der freiwilligen Rückkehr
und Reintegration
EL πρόγραμμα επιστροφής
EN assisted voluntary return and reintegration
programme (AVRR)
A
Any measure to support (e.g. administrative, financial,
logistical, counselling) the return and reintegration of
a returnee in their country of origin or another third
country by the State or by a third party (e.g. an
international organisation or non-governmental
organisation) which enable the returnee to lead an
independent life in the country of return.
E
Source(s)
H
F
G
EMN: Guidelines for monitoring and evaluation of AVR(R)
programmes, January 2016
Derived by EMN from IOM Glossary on Migration, 2019
Synonym(s)
AVR assisted voluntary return and reintegration
AVR assisted voluntary return and reintegration package
AVVR
return programme
Broader term(s)
I
J
K
L
M
assisted voluntary return
return counselling
sustainable return
N
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
O
12.1 Voluntary return
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration
P
Note(s)
Q
1. Assisted voluntary return and reintegration programmes (AVRR) are an
indispensable part of a comprehensive approach to migration
management aiming at orderly and humane return and reintegration
of migrants (rejected applicants for international protection, victims
of trafficking in human beings, stranded migrants) who are unable or
unwilling to remain in host or transit countries and wish to return
voluntarily to their countries of origin. The programmes should not only
take into account the Needs of the individual returnee but also address
the Needs of local communities in the Country of origin.
2. The successful implementation of AVRR programmes requires the cooperation and participation of a broad range of actors, including the
migrants, civil society and the governments in both host and transit
countries and countries of origin. For further information see the
IOM-Website on Assisted Voluntary Return and Reintegration.
3. EU return policy favours voluntary departure over forced return.
As third-country nationals often lack the financial means to leave
voluntarily, EU Member States have developed AVR(R) programmes to
facilitate their voluntary departure. The form and nature of the assistance
provided differs between EU Member States and not all EU Member
States provide reintegration assistance.
4. An example for a joint reintegration programme is the European
Reintegration Network (ERIN) Specific Action Program co-funded by
the European Asylum, Migration and Integration Fund (AMIF) and by
the partner countries. It aims to implement sustainable return and
reintegration of third country nationals in their country of origin, with
cooperation between ERIN partner institutions from the participating host
countries. For further information see the webpages of the partner
countries of ERIN as e.g. for Belgium.
վերաինտեգրման ծրագիր
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
61
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
asylum
BG убежище
CS azyl
DE Asyl
EL άσυλο
EN asylum
ES asilo
ET varjupaik
FI turvapaikka
FR asile
GA tearmann
HR azil
HU menedékjog
IT asilo
LT prieglobstis
LV patvērums
MT Ażil
NL asiel
PL azyl
PT asilo
RO azil
SK azyl
SL azil
SV asyl
NO asyl
KA თავშესაფარი
UK притулок
HY
62
ապաստան
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
Definition(s)
A form of protection given by a State on its territory,
based on the principle of non-refoulement and
internationally or nationally recognised refugee rights
and which is granted to a person who is unable to
seek protection in their country of citizenship and / or
residence, in particular for fear of being persecuted for
reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a
particular social group or political opinion.
Source(s)
Developed by EMN
Narrower term(s)
right to asylum
Related term(s)
international protection
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
4.2.1 Constitutional Asylum
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration
Note(s)
The literal translation of this term in Bulgarian (the word ‘убежище’) refers
to a specific kind of protection which is granted by the President of the
Republic of Bulgaria and differs from the protection granted on the basis
of the Geneva Refugee Convention and Protocol.
Asylum and Migration
Management Regulation
BG Регламент за управление на убежището и
миграцията
ES Reglamento de la gestión del Asilo y la Migración
ET Varjupaiga ja rändehalduse määrus
Source(s)
DE Verordnung über Asyl- und Migrationsmanagement
EL Κανονισμός για τη διαχείριση του ασύλου και της
μετανάστευσης
EN Asylum and Migration Management Regulation
FI Asetus turvapaikka-asioiden ja muuttoliikkeen
hallinnasta
FR Règlement relatif à la gestion de l’asile et de la
migration
GA an Rialachán maidir le Bainistiú Tearmainn agus
Imirce
HR Uredba o upravljanju azilom i migracijama
HU Menekültügyi és migrációkezelési rendelet
IT Regolamento sulla gestione dell’asilo e della
migrazione
LT Prieglobsčio ir migracijos valdymo reglamentas
LV Patvēruma un migrācijas pārvaldības regula
MT Regolament li Jistabbilixxi l-iMmaniġġjar tal-Ażil u
l-Migrazzjoni
B
C
D
Definition(s)
Proposed regulation aiming to replace the current
Dublin Regulation and to relaunch the reform of
the Common European Asylum System (CEAS) by
setting out a common framework for the management
of asylum and migration in the EU including a
solidarity mechanism based on the principle that
responsibility should be assumed by the EU as a whole
rather than by individual EU Member States.
CS Nařízení o řízení azylu a migrace
A
E
F
G
H
I
Derived by EMN from IATE
based on the Proposal for a Regulation on Asylum and
Migration Management
J
Broader term(s)
asylum
migration
K
Related term(s)
L
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
M
Common European Asylum System (CEAS)
2.2 EU (e.g. Common European Asylum System,
Qualification Directive, European Agenda for Migration)|
4.1 International protection
N
Euro Voc Classification
O
1011 European Union law| 2811 migration
NL Verordening betreffende asiel- en migratiebeheer
P
PL Rozporządzenie ws. Zarządzania Azylem i Migracją
Q
PT Regulamento Gestão do Asilo e da Migração
RO Regulamentul privind gestionarea azilului și migrației
R
SK nariadenie o riadení azylu a migrácie
SL Uredba o upravljanju azila in migracij
SV förordningen om asyl- och migrationshantering
S
NO Forordningen om asyl- og migrasjonshåndtering (b);
Forordninga om asyl- og migrasjonshandtering (n)
T
KA თავშესაფრისა და მიგრაციის მართვის
U
რეგულაცია
UK Положення про надання притулку та управління
міграцією
V
HY
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
63
asylum seeker
BG търсещ убежище
CS žadatel o azyl
DE Asylbewerber (EU acquis, DE); Asylwerber (AT);
Asylantragsteller (LU)
EL αναζητών άσυλο (EL); αιτητής ασύλου (CY)
EN asylum seeker
ES solicitante de asilo
ET varjupaigataotleja
FI turvapaikanhakija
FR demandeur d’asile
GA iarratasóir ar thearmann
Definition(s)
In the global context, a person who
seeks protection from persecution or serious harm in
a country other than their own and awaits a decision
on the application for refugee status under relevant
international and national instruments.
In the EU context, a third-country
national or stateless person who has made an
application for protection under the Geneva Refugee
Convention and Protocol in respect of which a final
decision has not yet been taken.
Source(s)
HU menedékkérő
Global context: Developed by EMN
EU context: Derived by EMN from Art. 2(b) of Council
Directive 2005/85/EC (Asylum Procedures Directive)
IT richiedente asilo
Synonym(s)
HR tražitelj azila
LT prieglobsčio prašytojas
LV patvēruma meklētājs
asylum applicant
Broader term(s)
MT Applikant(a) għall-ażil
applicant for international protection
NL asielzoeker
Related term(s)
PL osoba ubiegająca się o nadanie statusu uchodźcy
(azyl)
refugee
PT requerente de asilo
4.1.1 Refugee protection
RO solicitant de azil
SK žiadateľ o udelenie azylu / žiadateľ o azyl
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration
SL prosilec za azil
SV asylsökande
NO asylsøker (b); asylsøkjar (n)
KA თავშესაფრის მაძიებელი
UK шукач притулку
HY
64
ապաստան հայցող
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
Note(s)
1. In most EU Member States this term is understood as a synonym to
applicant for international protection following the adoption of Directive
2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive) and Directive 2013/32/EU
(Recast Asylum Procedures Directive). However, IE which has not adopted
the single procedure, continues to use the term ‘asylum seeker’ for an
applicant who requests protection under the Geneva Refugee
Convention and Protocol only. In DE the term is still used to include, in
addition to the provisions of Directive 2011/95/EU, those of the national
legislation, Art. 16a Basic Law.
2. Outside EU legislation, the terms ‘asylum seeker’ or ‘asylum applicant’
are often used more frequently than ‘applicant for international protection’
in the everyday use of the term.
A
B
asylum shopping
C
BG пазаруване на убежище
CS spekulativní podávání žádostí o azyl
DE Asyl-Shopping
EL τo φαινόμενo της αναζήτησης του ευνοϊκότερου
κράτους υποδοχής από τους αιτούντες άσυλο / asylum
shopping
EN asylum shopping
ES compra de asilo
ET soodsaima varjupaigariigi valimine
FI turvapaikkashoppailu (halv.)
FR no usual translation
GA siopadóireacht tearmainn
HR no usual translation
HU no usual translation
IT shopping delle richieste di asilo
LT ieškojimas, kur geriau gauti prieglobstį
LV izdevīgāko patvēruma noteikumu meklēšana
MT Sajda għall-ażil
NL asielshoppen
PL asylum shopping / no usual translation
PT asylum shopping
RO introducere de cereri multiple de azil / asylum
shopping
SK zneužívanie azylového systému / azylový turizmus
SL izbiranje države azila / izbiranje najugodnejše azilne
ureditve
SV asylum shopping (ansökningar om asyl i flera länder
samtidigt) / asylshopping
NO asylshopping
KA თავშესაფრის უფლებით ვაჭრობა
UK пошук притулку в різних країнах
HY
D
Definition(s)
E
In the context of the Dublin Regulation, the
phenomenon where a third-country national applies
for international protection in more than one EU
Member State with or without having already received
international protection in one of those EU Member
States.
F
G
Source(s)
Derived by EMN from Commission Staff Working
Document SEC/2008/2029 accompanying the European
Commission Communication on the policy plan on
asylum, COM(2008) 360 final
H
Broader term(s)
J
Related term(s)
K
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
L
Euro Voc Classification
M
secondary movement of migrants
Dublin Regulation
4.1 International protection
2811 migration
I
N
Note(s)
1. The term ‘asylum-shopping’ has no legal definition, but is used in an
informal sense and also in Commission Communications. It is often used
with a negative connotation, as it implies an abuse of the asylum
procedure through the lodging of more than one application for
international protection in different EU Member States (choosing the EU
Member State which may grant the most appealing social, humanitarian
and economic standards).
2. A second meaning understands asylum shopping as a comparison and
selection of one asylum rule among several (see European University
Institute: the Development of the EU Asylum Policy: Revisiting the
Venue-shopping Argument).
3. Commission Staff Working Document SEC/2008/2029 provides not only
some examples of what ‹asylum shopping› means but also an
assessment of the impacts of the Dublin system (which comprises
the Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 (Dublin III Regulation) and Regulation
(EU) No 603/2013 (Eurodac Regulation) and their implementing
regulations).
O
P
Q
R
S
T
ապաստանի ընթացակարգի չարաշահում
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
65
Asylum, Migration and Integration
Fund (AMIF)
BG Фонд “Убежище, миграция и интеграция”
CS Azylový, migrační a integrační fond
DE Asyl-, Migrations- und Integrationsfonds
EL Ταμείο Ασύλου, Μετανάστευσης και Ένταξης / ΤΑΜΕ
EN Asylum, Migration and Integration Fund (AMIF)
ES Fondo de Asilo, Migración e Integración (FAMI)
ET Varjupaiga-, Rände- ja Integratsioonifond
Definition(s)
An EU financial instrument which supports national and
EU initiatives that promote the efficient management
of migration flows and the implementation,
strengthening and development of a common Union
approach to asylum, migration and integration.
Source(s)
FI Turvapaikka-, maahanmuutto- ja kotouttamisrahasto
Derived by EMN from Art. 3 of Regulation (EU) No
516/2014 (AMIF-Regulation)
FR Fonds Asile, migration et intégration (FAMI)
Synonym(s)
GA An Ciste um Thearmann, Imirce agus Lánpháirtíocht
AMIF
HR Fond za azil, migracije i integraciju (AMIF)
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
HU Menekültügyi, Migrációs és Integrációs Alap (MMIA)
IT Fondo Asilo, Migrazioni e Integrazione / FAMI
LT Prieglobsčio, migracijos ir integracijos fondas / PMIF
LV Patvēruma, migrācijas un integrācijas fonds
MT Fond għall-Ażil, Migrazzjoni u Integrazzjoni
NL Fonds voor Asiel, Migratie en Integratie / Asiel-,
Migratie- en Integratiefonds
PL fundusz Azylu, Migracji i Integracji (FAMI)
PT Fundo para o asilo, a migração e a integração (FAMI)
RO Fondul pentru azil, migrație și integrare (FAMI)
SK Fond pre azyl, migráciu a integráciu (AMIF)
SL Sklad za azil, migracije in vključevanje
SV Asyl-, migrations- och integrationsfonden
NO Asylum, Migration and Integration Fund (no usual
translation)
KA თავშესაფრის, მიგრაციისა და ინტეგრაციის
ფონდი (AMIF)
UK Фонд притулку, міграції та інтеграції (ФПМІ)
HY
66
Ապաստանի, Ներգաղթի (Միգրացիայի) եւ
Ինտեգրման Հիմնադրամ (Ֆոնդ)
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
14.2 Economic factors and impacts (such as brain drain/
gain, employment/ unemployment, labour market,
economic growth, dumping)
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration
Note(s)
1. AMIF was set up by the European Commission, DG Migration and Home
Affairs in 2014 and is governed by the Common Provisions Regulation. It
aims to contribute to the achievement of the following four specific
objectives:
asylum: strengthening and developing the Common European
Asylum System (CEAS);
legal migration and integration: supporting legal migration to EU
Member States in line with the labour market needs and the effective
integration of non-EU nationals;
return: enhancing fair and effective return strategies, which contribute
to combating irregular migration, with an emphasis on sustainability
and effectiveness of the return process;
solidarity: making sure that EU Member States which are most affected
by migration and asylum flows can count on solidarity from other EU
Member States, while fully respecting the rights and principles
enshrined in the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European
Union.
2. The Fund also provides financial resources for the activities of
the European Migration Network (EMN).
3. For further information see the AMIF-Website of DG Migration and
Home Affairs.
A
B
au pair
BG детегледачка
CS au pair
DE Au-pair
EL εσωτερικός άμισθος βοηθός / au pair
EN au pair
ES au pair
ET au pair lapsehoidja
C
A third-country national who is admitted to the
territory of an EU Member State to be temporarily
received by a family in order to improve their linguistic
skills and knowledge of the host country in exchange for
light housework and taking care of children.
Source(s)
FI au pair
Art. 3 (8) of Directive (EU) 2016/801 (Recast
Researchers and Students Directive)
FR au pair
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
GA au pair
3.3 Migration for Study and Research
HR au pair
Euro Voc Classification
HU au pair
D
Definition(s)
F
G
H
I
J
1011 European Union law| 3206 education
IT persona collocata alla pari
K
LT au pair auklė
L
LV viesaukle
MT au pair
M
NL au pair
PL au pair
N
PT au pair
RO lucrator au pair
O
SK au pair / au-pair
SL au pair
P
SV au pair
NO au pair
Q
KA ოჯახში დამხმარე
R
UK особа, що працює за програмою «au pair»
HY
E
տնային օգնական / au pair
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
67
Automated Border Control (ABC)
BG Автоматизиран граничен контрол
CS Automatizovaná hraniční kontrola
DE automatische Grenzkontrolle
EL Αυτόματα συστήματα συνοριακού ελέγχου
EN Automated Border Control (ABC)
ES Control automatizado de fronteras
ET Automatiseeritud piirikontroll
FI automaattinen rajavalvonta
FR contrôle automatisé aux frontières
Definition(s)
A system which allows for an automated border passage
by authenticating an electronic machine readable travel
document (e-MRTD), establishing that the passenger
is the rightful holder of the document, quering border
control records and automatically determining eligibility
for border crossing according to pre-defined rules and
which is composed of a self-service system and an
e-gate.
Source(s)
HR automatizirana granična kontrola
Derived by EMN from Frontex: Best Practice Operational
Guidelines for Automated Border Control (ABC) Systems.
- Version 2, 2012
HU Automatizált Határellenőrzés
Synonym(s)
GA Rialú Uathoibrithe Teorann
IT Controllo automatizzato delle frontiere
LT Automatizuota pasienio kontrolė
LV automatizētā robežkontrole
MT Sistema Awtomatizzata ta’ Kontroll mal-Konfini /
mal-Fruntieri
NL geautomatiseerde grenspassage (NL) / grenscontrole
(NL, BE)
PL Automatyczna Kontrola Graniczna
ABC
automated border control system
ePassport
eMRTD
Broader term(s)
border control
Narrower term(s)
PT Controlo Automático de Fronteiras
e-gate
self-service system
RO sistem de control automat la frontieră (ABC)
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
SK automatizovaná hraničná kontrola (ABC)
6.1.1 Border control
SL avtomatska mejna kontrola
Euro Voc Classification
SV automatisk gränskontroll
NO automatisert grensekontroll
KA ავტომატიზებული სასაზღვრო კონტროლი
(ABC)
UK Автоматизований прикордонний контроль (АПК)
HY
68
սահմանային ավտոմատացված հսկողություն
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
2811 migration
Note(s)
1. ‘Self-service system’ means an automated system which performs all
or some of the border checks that are applicable to a person. ‘E-gate’
means an infrastructure operated by electronic means where the effective
crossing of an external border takes place (Art. 1 of a Proposal for a
Regulation amending Regulation (EU) 2016/399 as regards the use of the
Entry/Exit System).
2. Many Schengen countries have installed ABC in their major airports,
making traffic flow more effective. People who travel with an ePassport
can pass through an ABC portal, where the passport is read. The traveller’s
biometry is compared with the information contained in the passport, and
if these correspond they may pass the border.
Automated Fingerprint Identification
System (AFIS)
BG Автоматизирана система за идентификация на
пръстови отпечатъци
EL Αυτόματο Σύστημα Αναγνώρισης Δακτυλικών
Αποτυπωμάτων (AFIS) (EL); Αυτοματοποιημένο
Σύστημα Αναγνώρισης Δακτυλικών Αποτυπωμάτων
(AFIS) (CY)
F
G
Source(s)
Tech Target website: Definition of Automated Fingerprint
Identification System
EN Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS)
Synonym(s)
ES Sistema automatizado de identificación de huellas
digitales
J
Broader term(s)
FI automaattinen sormenjälkien tunnistusjärjestelmä
Eurodac
FR Système automatisé d’identification des empreintes
digitales
K
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
HR sustav za automatiziranu identifikaciju otisaka prstiju
(AFIS)
6.3 Specific aspects of migration procedures| 6.3.2.
Establishment of identity of applicants for international
protection (incl. examination of documents, language
analysis, age assessment)
HU Automatizált Ujjnyomat-azonosító Rendszer
Euro Voc Classification
GA Uathchóras Aithinte ó Mhéarloirg: UCAM
IT Sistema automatizzato di identificazione delle
impronte digitali
LT Automatinė pirštų atspaudų indentifikavimo sistema
L
M
2811 migration
N
Note(s)
O
The Eurodac database which is based on AFIS does not contain details
such as the name of a person because it relies only on biometric
comparison, the safest and most accurate available identification method.
LV automatizētā pirkstu nospiedumu identifikācijas
sistēma
H
I
AFIS
Automated Fingerprint Identification System
ET Automaatne sõrmejälgede tuvastamise süsteem
C
E
Biometric identification methodology that uses
digital imaging technology to obtain, store, and
analyse fingerprint data, and which is used within
the Eurodac system for the automatic recognition and
checking of fingerprints.
DE automatisiertes Fingerabdruckidentifizierungssystem
B
D
Definition(s)
CS Automatizovaný systém identifikace podle otisků
prstů
A
MT Sistema Awtomatizzata għall-Identifikazzjoni
tal-Marki tas-Swaba’
P
Q
NL Geautomatiseerde vingerafdrukidentificatiesysteem
PL Automatyczny System Identyfikacji Daktyloskopijnej
R
PT Sistema Automático de Identificação de Impressões
Digitais
S
RO Sistem automat de identificare a amprentelor digitale
SK automatizovaný systém daktyloskopickej identifikácie
(AFIS)
T
SL sistem za avtomatsko primerjavo prstnih odtisov
U
SV automatiskt fingeravtrycksidentifieringssystem / Afis
V
NO automatisert system for gjenkjennelse av
fingeravtrykk (b); automatisert system for attkjenning
av fingeravtrykk (n)
W
KA თითის ანაბეჭდებით იდენტიფიცირების
ავტომატიზებული სისტემა (AFIS)
X
UK Автоматизована система ідентифікації відбитків
пальців (АСІВП)
HY
Y
ավտոմատացված մատնահետքի նույնականացման
էլեկտրոնային համակարգ
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
Z
69
awareness raising campaign on
the risk of irregular migration
BG кампания за повишаване на осведомеността
относно риска от незаконна миграция
LV izpratnes veicināšanas kampaņa par neatbilstīgas
migrācijas riskiem
CS kampaň na zvýšení povědomí o riziku neregulérní
migrace
MT
DE Sensibilisierungskampagne über das Risiko von
irregulärer Migration / Sensibilisierungs- und
Informationskampagne über irreguläre Migration
EL εκστρατεία ευαισθητοποίησης σχετικά με τον κίνδυνο
παράτυπης μετανάστευσης
EN awareness raising campaign on the risk of irregular
migration
ES campaña de información sobre el riesgo de migración
irregular
NL bewustmakingscampagne over het risico van illegale
migratie
PL kampanie podnoszące świadomość w zakresie ryzyka
nieregularnej migracji
PT campanha de sensibilização sobre o risco de
migração irregular
RO campanie de creştere a gradului de conştientizare
privind riscul migrației iregulare / campanie de
sensibilizare cu privire la riscul de migrație iregulare
ET teadlikkuse tõstmise kampaania ebaseadusliku
rändega kaasnevatest riskidest
SK kampaň na zvyšovanie povedomia o rizikách
neregulárnej migrácie / kampaň na zvyšovanie
povedomia o rizikách nelegálnej migrácie
FI tiedotuskampanja säännösten vastaisen
maahanmuuton riskeistä
SL kampanja ozaveščanja o tveganjih, povezanih z
nedovoljenimi migracijami
FR campagne de sensibilisation au risque lié à la
migration irrégulière
SV informationskampanj om risken med irreguljär
migration
GA feachtas feasachta ar riosca na himirce neamhrialta
NO bevisstgjøringskampanje om risiko ved irregulær
migrasjon (b); bevisstgjeringskampanje om risiko ved
irregulær migrasjon (n)
HR Kampanja podizanja svijesti o riziku kod nezakonitih
migracija
HU tudatosságnövelő kampány az illegális migráció
kockázatáról
IT campagna di sensibilizzazione sui rischi della
migrazione irregolare
LT informuotumo apie neteisėtos migracijos riziką
didinimo kampanija
70
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
KA საინფორმაციო კამპანია კანონიერი
საფუძვლის გარეშე (არალეგალური) მიგრაციის
რისკებთან დაკავშირებით
UK кампанія з підвищення обізнаності щодо ризику
нелегальної міграції
HY
անկանոն միգրացիայի ռիսկերի վերաբերյալ
իրազեկման արշավ
A
B
C
D
Definition(s)
E
Deliberate efforts within a specific time period to inform
or influence behaviours of (potential) migrants about
the risks and complex realities of irregular
migration using an organised set of communication
activities.
F
G
Source(s)
Derived by EMN from the Study on best practices in
irregular migration awareness campaigns, 2021.
H
Synonym(s)
I
awareness raising and information campaign on
migration
information and awareness raising campaign on the risk
of irregular migration
irregular migration awareness raising campaign
J
K
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
L
13. Irregular Migration| 14.1 Political factors and impacts
(such as political stability, political climate, public
discourse, partly overlap with class 2)
M
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration| 32 Education and Communications
N
Note(s)
O
1. Rapid changes in migratory flows towards Europe in the past decade
have solidified irregular migration as a priority on the political agenda in
the European Union (EU) and most of its Member States. Awareness-raising campaigns on the risks of irregular migration have been among the
many responses aimed at reducing irregular migration to Europe and to
prevent the exploitation of migrants by criminal networks. The European
Agenda on Migration (2015) and the New Pact on Migration and
Asylum (2020) underlined the need to develop an EU strategic
communication approach incorporating EU and EU Member States›
awareness raising and information campaigns.
2. The information campaigns provide information on
the risks of irregular migration during the journey and after arrival and
the difficult circumstances of living irregularly in the country of
destination.
They intend to reduce the demand for and the risk of being smuggled and
falling victim to human trafficking. They seek to ensure that (potential)
migrants are enabled to make informed decisions.
3. Such campaigns are communicated through different channels and can
take different forms, running from traditional communication tools such as
posters, leaflets, advertisements in newspapers and television
commercials to community meetings and workshops, public forums held
in schools, and producing movies and comic books.
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
71
Bali Process
BG Процесът Бали
CS Balijský proces / Proces Bali
DE Bali-Prozess
EL Διαδικασία του Μπαλί
EN Bali Process
ES Proceso de Bali
ET Bali protsess
FI Balin prosessi
Definition(s)
An international forum dealing with smuggling
of migrants and trafficking in human beings,
participated in by over 50 countries in the Asia-Pacific
region and beyond.
Source(s)
Website of the Bali Process
Synonym(s)
FR Processus de Bali
Bali Process on People Smuggling, Trafficking in Persons
and Related Transnational Crime
GA Próiseas Bali
Related term(s)
HR Bali proces
IT Processo di Bali
Global Approach to Migration and Mobility (GAMM)
smuggling of migrants
trafficking in human beings
LT Balio procesas
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
HU Bali Folyamat
LV Bali process
MT Proċess (Il-) ta’ Bali
NL Bali proces
PL Proces Bali
PT Processo de Bali
RO Procesul Bali
SK Balijský proces
SL Balijski proces
SV Baliprocessen
NO Bali-prosessen
KA ბალის პროცესი
UK Балійський процес
HY
72
Բալիի գործընթաց
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
13.1 Migrant smuggling| 13.2 Trafficking in human
beings
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration
Note(s)
1. The Bali Process was established through a framework agreement that
was initiated at the Regional Ministerial Conference on People Smuggling,
Trafficking in Persons and Related Transnational Crime’ held in Bali,
Indonesia in February 2002.
2. It aims to facilitate discussion and information sharing about issues
relating to people smuggling, human trafficking, and related transnational
crime and appropriate responses to these issues.
3. For more information, see the website of the Bali Process.
beneficiary of
international protection
BG лице, на което е предоставена международна
закрила
CS osoba požívající mezinárodní ochrany
DE Person, der internationaler Schutz zuerkannt wurde
EL δικαιούχος διεθνούς προστασίας
Source(s)
F
Broader term(s)
ET rahvusvahelise kaitse saaja
international protection
FI kansainvälistä suojelua saava
Narrower term(s)
HU nemzetközi védelemben részesülő személy
IT beneficiario di protezione internazionale
LT tarptautinės apsaugos gavėjas (EU acquis);
prieglobstį gavęs asmuo
LV starptautiskās aizsardzības saņēmējs
MT Benefiċjarju(-a) ta’ protezzjoni internazzjonali
D
E
ES beneficiario de protección internacional
HR osoba s odobrenom međunarodnom zaštitom
C
A person who has been granted refugee
status or subsidiary protection status.
EN beneficiary of international protection
GA tairbhí den chosaint idirnáisiúnta
B
Definition(s)
Art. 2(b) of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification
Directive)
FR bénéficiaire d’une protection internationale
A
G
H
beneficiary of subsidiary protection
Convention refugee
I
Related term(s)
J
applicant for international protection
person eligible for subsidiary protection
K
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
L
4.1 International protection
Euro Voc Classification
M
1011 European Union law| 2811 migration
NL persoon die internationale bescherming geniet;
begunstigde van internationale bescherming (BE)
N
PL beneficjent ochrony międzynarodowej
O
PT beneficiário de protecção internacional
RO beneficiar de protecție internațională
P
SK osoba s postavením medzinárodnej ochrany (EU
acquis); osoba s udelenou medzinárodnou ochranou
Q
SL upravičenec do mednarodne zaščite
R
SV person som beviljats internationellt skydd
NO mottaker av internasjonal beskyttelse (asyl) (b);
mottakar av internasjonalt vern (asyl) (n)
S
KA საერთაშორისო დაცვის მიმღები პირი
T
UK бенефіціар міжнародного захисту
HY
միջազգային պաշտպանության իրավունք ստացած
անձ
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
73
beneficiary of subsidiary protection
BG бенефициер на субсидиарна закрила
CS osoba požívající doplňkové ochrany
DE Person, der subsidiärer Schutz zuerkannt wurde
EL δικαιούχος επικουρικής προστασιας (EL); δικαιούχος
συμπληρωματικής προστασίας (CY)
EN beneficiary of subsidiary protection
ES Beneficiario de protección subsidiaria
ET täiendava kaitse saaja
FI toissijaista suojelua saava henkilö
FR bénéficiaire de la protection subsidiaire
GA tairbhí cosanta coimhdí
HR osoba s odobrenom supsidijarnom zaštitom
HU oltalmazott
IT Beneficiario di protezione sussidiaria
LT papildomos apsaugos gavėjas
LV alternatīvās aizsardzības saņēmējs
MT Benefiċjarju(-a) ta’ protezzjoni sussidjarja
NL persoon die subsidiaire bescherming geniet;
begunstigde van subsidiaire bescherming (BE)
PL beneficjent ochrony uzupelniającej
PT beneficiário de proteção subsidiária
RO beneficiar al statutului conferit prin protecție
subsidiară
SK osoba s poskytnutou doplnkovou ochranou
SL upravičenec do subsidiarne zaščite
SV alternativt skyddsbehövande
NO mottaker av beskyttelse på alternativt grunnlag (b);
mottakar av vern på alternativt grunnlag (n)
KA დამატებითი დაცვის მიმღები პირი
UK бенефіціар додаткового захисту
HY
74
օժանդակ պաշտպանության իրավունք ստացած
անձ
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
Definition(s)
A person who has been granted subsidiary protection
status.
Source(s)
Derived by EMN from the definition of ‘beneficiary of
international protection’ in Art. 2(b) of Directive 2011/95/
EU (Recast Qualification Directive)
Broader term(s)
beneficiary of international protection
Related term(s)
Convention refugee
person eligible for subsidiary protection
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
4.1.2 Subsidiary protection
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration
A
B
benefit of the doubt
BG ползване от наличието на съмнение
CS v pochybnostech ve prospěch
DE im Zweifel für den Antragsteller / im Zweifelsfall
zugunsten des Antragstellers / in dubio pro reo
EL το ευεργέτημα της αμφιβολίας
EN benefit of the doubt
ES beneficio de la duda
ET kahtluse korral taotleja kasuks
FI benefit of the doubt -periaate
FR bénéfice du doute
GA sochar an amhrais
HR blagodat sumnje
HU kétség esetén a kérelmező javára
IT Beneficio del dubbio
LT abejonės aiškinamos prieglobsčio prašytojo naudai
LV šaubu tulkošana par labu personai
MT Benefiċċju tad-dubbju
NL voordeel van de twijfel
PL wątpliwości przemawiają na korzyść wnioskodawcy
PT benefício da dúvida
RO beneficiul dubiului
SK v pochybnostiach v prospech
SL v dvomu v korist
SV tvivelsmålets fördel
NO tvilens fordel
KA ეჭვის განმცხადებლის სასარგებლოდ
გადაწყვეტა
UK перевага сумніву
HY
բարենպաստ կարծիք կամ դատողություն, որն
ընդունվել է` չնայած անորոշությանը
C
D
Definition(s)
E
In the context of international protection, principle
that it is the duty of the applicant for international
protection to substantiate the application and that
aspects of the applicant›s statements that are not
supported by documents or other evidence do not
need to be confirmed if the conditions set out in Art.
4(5) of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification
Directive) are met.
F
G
H
Source(s)
Derived by EMN from Art. 4 (5) of Directive 2011/95/EU
(Recast Qualification Directive) and
EASO: Practical guide: evidence assessment, 2015
Broader term(s)
credibility assessment
I
J
K
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
L
4.1 International protection
Euro Voc Classification
M
1216 criminal law| 1231 international law| 2811
migration
N
Note(s)
1. Art. 4(5) of the Recast Qualification Directive allows the case officer to
make a clear decision on whether to accept an asserted material fact as
credible even though there may be no other evidence to support the fact
if the following conditions are met:
(a) the applicant has made a genuine effort to substantiate their
application;
(b) all relevant elements at the applicant’s disposal have been submitted,
and a satisfactory explanation has been given regarding any lack of other
relevant elements;
(c) the applicant’s statements are found to be coherent and plausible and
do not run counter to available specific and general information relevant
to the applicant’s case;
(d) the applicant has applied for international protection at the earliest
possible time, unless the applicant can demonstrate good reasons for not
having done so; and
(e) the general credibility of the applicant has been established.
The five criteria of Art. 4(5) of the Recast Qualification Directive are
cumulative.
2. The principle of giving applicants the benefit of the doubt in credibility
assessments is essential due to the potential grave risks to an applicant’s
life and/or integrity if international protection is unjustly denied in such
cases. This need and its relevance have been acknowledged by
the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR), emphasizing the
frequent necessity of granting applicants the benefit of the doubt in
evaluating the credibility of their statements.
3. For more information see: EASO: Practical guide evidence assessment,
2015 and UNHCR: Beyond proof: credibility assessment in EU asylum
systems, 2013 and UNCHR: Handbook on Procedures and Criteria for
Determining Refugee Status under the 1951 Convention and the 1967
Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees, 2019.
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
75
best interests of the child (BIC)
BG Най-добрият интерес на детето
CS nejlepší zájmy dítěte
Definition(s)
ES Interés superior del menor
A threefold concept which includes a substantive right,
a fundamental and interpretative legal principle and
a rule of procedure that is aimed at ensuring the full
and effective enjoyment of all the rights recognised in
the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the
Child (UNCRC) and of which the primary consideration
is to ensure the holistic development of the child.
ET lapse parimad huvid
Source(s)
DE Wohl des Kindes / Kindeswohl
EL υπέρτερο συμφέρον του παιδιού (BIC) (EL); βέλτιστο
συμφέρον του παιδιού (BIC) (CY)
EN best interests of the child (BIC)
IT superiore interesse del minore
Derived by EMN from Art. 3(1) of the United Nations
Convention of the Rights of the Child and
UN General Comment No 14 on the right of the
child to have their best interests taken as a primary
consideration, 2013 and
UNHCR: Guidelines on Determining the best interest of
the child, 2008
LT geriausi vaiko interesai
Synonym(s)
FI lapsen etu
FR intérêt supérieur de l’enfant
GA Leas an linbh
HR najbolji interes djeteta
HU a gyermek mindenek felett álló érdeke
LV bērna (labākās) intereses
MT L-aħjar interessi tat-tifel / tat-tifla
NL het belang van het kind (NL); het hoger belang van
het kind (BE)
best interest of the child
BIC
principle of the best interest(s) of the child
Broader term(s)
PL najlepszy interes dziecka
child
PT superior interesse da criança
Narrower term(s)
RO interesul superior al copilului
SK najlepší záujem dieťaťa
SL največja korist otroka
SV barnets bästa
NO grunnlagsdokument
KA ბავშვის საუკეთესო ინტერესები (BIC)
UK найкращі інтереси дитини (НІД)
HY
76
երեխայի լավագույն շահեր
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
child’s best interests assessment (BIA)
child’s best interests determination (BID)
Related term(s)
United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child
(UNCRC)
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
7.2 Minors and unaccompanied minors
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration
A
B
C
D
Note(s)
E
1. The principle of the best interests of the child is one of the four
overarching guiding principles on children’s rights (right to non-discrimination, best interests, the right to life, survival and development, and the
right to participation or right to express views and have them taken into
account). It is anchored in Art. 3(1) of the Convention on the Rights of the
Child and in Art. 24(2) of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the
European Union. Both instruments give children the right to have their
best interests taken into account as a primary consideration in all actions
or decisions that concern or affect children. In addition, Art. 24(3) of the
Charter further addresses the need to take into account the child’s right to
maintain a relationship with both parents. This has also been underlined
in the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU),
e.g. in the Case C-230/21.
2. The holistic development of the child refers to the well-being of a child
in a broad sense which includes their basic material, physical, educational
and emotional needs as well as needs for affection and safety.
3. The principle applies to all children without discrimination, to children
not only as individuals, but also in general or as a group.
4. The child’s best interests assessment (BIA) is an ongoing procedure
undertaken in each individual case which evaluates and balances all
elements necessary to make a decision in a specific situation for a specific
child or group of children to ensure that such procedure gives a primary
consideration to the best interests jof the child (BIC). For further
information see, EASO: Practical Guide on Family Tracing, 2016, p.
52-53. UNHCR: Safe and Sound, 2014.
5. The child’s best interests determination (BID) describes a formal
process with strict procedural safeguards and documentation
requirements designed to determine the child›s best interests for
particularly important decisions affecting the child and which should
facilitate adequate child participation without discrimination and involve
decision-makers with relevant areas of expertise, and balance all relevant
factors in order to assess the best option. For further information
see UNHCR: Guidelines on Determining the best interest of the child,
2008.
6. In the national context, the term is often used in the singular form.
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
77
biometric data
BG биометрични данни
CS biometrické údaje
Definition(s)
ES datos biométricos
Personal data resulting from specific technical
processing relating to the physical, physiological or
behavioural characteristics of a natural person, which
allow or confirm the unique identification of that
natural person, such as facial images or dactyloscopic
data.
ET biomeetrilised andmed
Source(s)
DE biometrische Daten
EL βιομετρικά δεδομένα
EN biometric data
FI biometriset tiedot
FR données biométriques
GA sonraí bithmhéadracha
HR biometrijski podaci
HU biometrikus adat
IT dati biometrici
LT biometriniai duomenys
LV biometriskie dati
MT Data / Dejta bijometrika
NL biometrische gegevens
PL dane biometryczne
PT dados biométricos
RO date biometrice
SK biometrický údaj
SL biometrični podatki
SV biometriska data
NO biometriske data
KA ბიომეტრიული მონაცემები
UK біометричні дані
HY
78
կենսաչափական տվյալներ
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
Art. 4 (14) of Regulation (EU) 2016/679 (General Data
Protection Regulation) and
Art. 3 (13) of Directive (EU) 2016/680 (Data Protection
Directive)
Synonym(s)
biometrics
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
6.3.2. Establishment of identity of applicants for
international protection (incl. examination of documents,
language analysis, age assessment)
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration
A
B
Black Sea Synergy
BG Черноморско сътрудничество
CS Černomořská synergie
DE Schwarzmeersynergie
EL Συνέργεια του Ευξείνου Πόντου
EN Black Sea Synergy
ES Sinergia del mar Negro
ET Musta mere sünergia (koostöö)
FI Mustanmeren synergia
FR Synergie de la mer Noire
GA Sineirge na Mara Duibhe
HR Crnomorska sinergija
C
D
Definition(s)
E
An institutionalised forum for EU cooperation
encouraging cooperation between the EU and the
countries surrounding the Black Sea and for tackling
common problems while encouraging political and
economic reform.
F
G
Source(s)
Website of the Black Sea Synergy
H
Broader term(s)
European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP)
I
Related term(s)
HU Fekete-tengeri szinergia
Eastern Partnership (EAP)
Euro-Mediterranean Partnership (EUROMED)
J
IT Sinergia del Mar Nero
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
LT Juodosios jūros sinergija
15.1 EU External dimension of migration and mobility
K
LV Melnās jūras reģiona sinerģija
Euro Voc Classification
L
MT Sinerġija tal-Baħar l-Iswed
NL Black Sea Synergy (no usual translation)
PL Synergia Czarnomorska
PT Sinergia do Mar Negro
RO Sinergia Marii Negre
SK Čiernomorská synergia
SL Sinergija Črnega morja
SV Svartahavssynergin
NO Svartehavssynergien
KA შავი ზღვის სინერგია
UK Чорноморська синергія
HY
2811 migration| 7616 extra-European Organisations
M
Note(s)
1. The Black Sea Synergy is part of the European Neighbourhood Policy
(ENP) of the EU and is intended as a flexible framework complementing
existing EU policy, seeking to tackle the significant opportunities and
challenges in the Black Sea area that require coordinated action at the
regional level in the sectors such as energy, transport, environment, migration and security. In the field of migration and security enhanced cooperation at border security increases the security at regional level and helps
to fight organised cross-border crime such as trafficking in human
beings, and to prevent irregular migration.
2. A conference between EU and Black Sea Foreign Affairs Ministers in
Kiev (Ukraine) in 2008 initiated the synergy.
3. For more information, see: Black Sea Synergy -A new regional
cooperation initiative, COM(2007) 160 final, 11 April 2007.
N
O
P
Q
R
Սևծովյան համագործակցություն
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
79
border area
BG гранична зона
CS pohraniční oblast
Definition(s)
DE Grenzgebiet / Grenzregion
An area that extends no more than 30 kilometres from
the border.
EL παραμεθόρια περιοχή / συνοριακή περιοχή
Source(s)
EN border area
ES zona fronteriza
ET piiriala
FI raja-alue
FR zone frontalière
GA limistéar teorann
HR pogranično područje
HU határmenti terület
IT zona di frontiera
LT pasienio teritorija
LV pierobeža
MT Żona ta’ mal-konfini
NL grensgebied
PL strefa przygraniczna
PT zona fronteiriça
RO zonă de frontieră
SK pohraničná oblasť (EU acquis); prihraničné územie
SL obmejno območje
SV gränsområde
NO grenseområde
KA სასაზღვრო ზონა
UK прикордонна територія
HY
80
սահմանամերձ շրջան
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
Art. 3(2) of Regulation (EC) No 1931/2006 (Local Border
Traffic Regulation)
Related term(s)
border resident
local border traffic
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
6.1.1 Border control
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration
Note(s)
Subsequent to Art. 3(2) of Regulation (EC) No 1931/2006 (Local Border
Traffic Regulation) , an EU Member State may specify the local
administrative districts that are to be considered part of ‹the border area›
in a bilateral agreements with its neighbouring third country(s). If part of
any such district lies between 30 and 50 kilometres from the border line,
it shall nevertheless be considered as part of the border area.
A
B
border control
BG граничен контрол
CS pohraniční kontrola
C
ES control fronterizo
The activity carried out at a border, in accordance with
and for the purposes of Regulation (EU) 2016/399
(Schengen Borders Code) , in response exclusively to
an intention to cross or the act of crossing that border,
regardless of any other consideration, consisting of
border checks and border surveillance.
ET piirikontroll
Source(s)
DE Grenzkontrolle
EL συνοριακός έλεγχος / έλεγχος των συνόρων
EN border control
FI rajavalvonta
FR contrôle aux frontières
GA rialú teorann
D
Definition(s)
E
F
G
H
Art. 2(9) of Regulation (EU) 2016/399 (Schengen
Borders Code)
I
Related term(s)
MT Kontroll mal-konfini / mal-fruntiera
European Border Surveillance System (EUROSUR)
external EU border
internal EU border
irregular entry
legal entry
refusal of entry
Schengen Borders Code
NL grenstoezicht / grensbewaking / grenscontrole
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
M
Euro Voc Classification
N
HR nadzor državne granice
HU határellenőrzés
IT controllo di frontiera
LT sienų kontrolė (EU acquis); pasienio kontrolė
LV robežkontrole
PL kontrola graniczna
PT controlo de fronteira
RO control de frontieră
J
K
L
6.1.1 Border control
2811 migration
O
SK kontrola hraníc
SL nadzor meje
P
SV gränskontroll
NO grensekontroll
Q
KA სასაზღვრო კონტროლი
R
UK прикордонний контроль
HY
սահմանային հսկողություն
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
81
border crossing
BG пресичане на границата
CS překročení hranice
Definition(s)
DE Grenzübertritt
The physical act of crossing a border either at a border
crossing point or another point along the border.
EL διέλευση των συνόρων
Source(s)
EN border crossing
Developed by EMN
ES cruce de frontera
Narrower term(s)
ET piiriületus
border crossing point
FI rajanylitys
Related term(s)
FR franchissement de la frontière
GA trasnú teorann
HR prelazak državne granice
HU határátlépés
IT attraversamento della frontiera
LT sienos kirtimas
LV robežšķērsošana
MT Qsim tal-konfini / tal-fruntiera (i)
NL grensoverschrijding
PL przekraczanie granicy
PT passagem de fronteira
RO trecerea frontierei
SK prekročenie hranice / prekročenie štátnej hranice
SL prečkanje meje / prehajanje meje / prestopanje meje
SV gränspassage
NO grensepassering
KA საზღვრის კვეთა
UK перетин кордону
HY
82
սահմանի անցում
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
legal entry
irregular entry
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
6.1.1 Border control
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration
Note(s)
The definition covers both legal and irregular border crossings.
A
B
border crossing point
BG гранично-пропускателен пункт
CS hraniční přechod
C
D
Definition(s)
DE Grenzübergang / Grenzübergangsstelle
Any crossing point authorised by the competent
authorities for the crossing of external EU borders.
E
EL σημείο συνοριακής διέλευσης
Source(s)
F
EN border crossing point
ES paso fronterizo
ET piiriületuspunkt
FI rajanylityspaikka
FR point de passage frontalier
GA pointe trasnaithe teorann
HR granični prijelaz
HU határátkelőhely
Art. 2(8) of Regulation (EU) 2016/399 (Schengen
Borders Code)
G
Broader term(s)
H
border crossing
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
I
6.1.1 Border control
Euro Voc Classification
J
2811 migration
IT valico di frontiera
K
LT sienos perėjimo punktas
L
LV robežšķērsošanas vieta
MT Punt / Post ta’ qsim il-fruntiera / il-konfini
M
NL grensovergang / grensdoorlaatpost / grenspost
PL przejście graniczne
N
PT ponto de passagem fronteiriço
RO punct de trecere a frontierei
O
SK hraničný priechod
SL mejni prehod
P
SV gränsövergångsställe
NO grensepasseringssted (b); grensepasseringsstad (n)
Q
KA სასაზღვრო გამტარი პუნქტი
R
UK пункт перетину кордону
HY
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
83
border resident
BG граничен жител
CS obyvatel pohraniční oblasti
Definition(s)
ES residente fronterizo
In the EU migration context, a third–country
national who has been lawfully resident in the border
area of a country neighbouring an EU Member State for
a period specified in a bilateral agreement between an
EU Member State(s) and neighbouring third country,
which shall be at least one year.
ET piiriala elanik
Source(s)
DE Grenzbewohner
EL κάτοικος της μεθορίου περιοχής
EN border resident
FI raja-alueen asukas
FR frontalier (EU acquis); résident frontalier
GA cónaitheoir teorann
HR stanovnik pograničnog područja
HU határmenti lakos
IT residente frontaliero
LT pasienio gyventojas
LV pierobežas iedzīvotājs
MT Resident(a) ta’ mal-konfini / mal-fruntiera
NL grensbewoner
PL mieszkaniec strefy przygranicznej
PT residente fronteiriço
RO locuitor din zona de frontieră
SK obyvateľ pohraničnej oblasti
SL obmejni prebivalec
SV gränsboende
NO grenseboer (b); grensebuar (n)
KA სასაზღვრო ზონაში მცხოვრები პირი
UK житель прикордонного району
HY
84
սահմանամերձ շրջանի բնակիչ
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
Art. 3(6) of Council Regulation (EC) No 1931/2006 (Local
Border Traffic Regulation)
Related term(s)
border area
frontier worker
local border traffic
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
3. Legal Migration
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration
A
B
brain circulation
BG движение на мозъци
CS cirkulace mozků
DE Brain Circulation
EL κυκλοφορία εγκεφάλων (EL); brain circulation (CY)
EN brain circulation
ES circulación de cerebros
ET oskustööjõu ringlus
C
D
Definition(s)
E
The possibility for developing countries to draw on
the skills, know-how and other forms of experience
gained by their migrants - whether they have returned
to their country of origin or not - and members of
their diaspora.
F
G
Source(s)
FI aivokierto
Annex 5 of the European Commission Communication on
Migration and Development, COM(2005) 390 final
FR circulation des cerveaux
Related term(s)
HU there is no widely accepted term: „agykörforgás” is
used in some documents
brain drain
brain gain
brain waste
circular migration
IT circolazione di cervelli
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
GA cúrsaíocht daoine oilte
HR cirkulacija mozgova
LT protų apykaita
LV kvalificēta darbaspēka aprite
MT Ċirkolazzjoni ta’ mħuħ / ta’ nies bi kwalifiki għoljin
NL mobiliteit van hoogopgeleide personen / brain
circulation
I
J
K
14.2 Economic factors and impacts (such as brain drain/
gain, employment/ unemployment, labour market,
economic growth, dumping)
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration| 44 Employment and Working Conditions
PL przepływ mózgów/potencjału
L
M
N
O
PT circulação de cérebros
RO circulaţia creierelor
P
SK cirkulácia mozgov
SL kroženje možganov
Q
SV kunskapsspridning
NO kunnskapsmobilitet / kunnskapssirkulasjon
R
KA ინტელექტის ცირკულაცია
UK циркуляція мізків
HY
H
S
ուղեղների շրջանառություն
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
85
brain drain
BG изтичане на мозъци
CS odliv mozků
Definition(s)
DE Brain Drain
The loss suffered by a country as a result of
the emigration of a (highly) qualified person.
EL διαρροή εγκεφάλων (EL); brain drain (CY)
Source(s)
EN brain drain
Derived by EMN from ILO Thesaurus
ES fuga de cerebros
Related term(s)
ET oskustööjõu äravool
FI aivovienti
FR fuite des cerveaux
GA imirce daoine oilte
brain gain
brain waste
brain circulation
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
HU agyelszívás / a képzett munkaerő elvándorlása
14.2 Economic factors and impacts (such as brain drain/
gain, employment/ unemployment, labour market,
economic growth, dumping)
IT fuga di cervelli
Euro Voc Classification
HR odlijev mozgova
LT protų nutekėjimas
LV kvalificēta darbaspēka aizplūšana
MT Telf/Tnixxija ta’ mħuħ / ta’ nies bi kwalifiki għoljin
NL brain drain
PL drenaż mózgów
PT fuga de cérebros
RO exodul creierelor / brain drain
SK únik mozgov (EU acquis); odliv mozgov
SL beg možganov
SV kompetensflykt
NO kunnskapsflukt / ekspertflukt
KA ინტელექტის გადინება
UK відтік мізків
HY
86
ուղեղների արտահոսք
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
2811 migration| 44 Employment and Working Conditions
A
B
brain gain
BG привличане на мозъци
CS příliv mozků
C
D
Definition(s)
DE Brain Gain
The benefit to a country as a result of
the immigration of a highly qualified person.
E
EL κέρδος εγκεφάλων (EL); brain gain (CY)
Source(s)
F
EN brain gain
ES captación de cerebros
ET oskustööjõu sissevool
FI aivotuonti
FR afflux de cerveaux
GA inimirce daoine oilte
HR priljev mozgova
HU agynyerés / a képzett munkaerő bevándorlása
IT acquisizione di cervelli
LT protų pritraukimas
LV kvalificēta darbaspēka pieplūdums
MT Akkwist/Ksib ta’ mħuħ / ta’ nies bi kwalifiki għoljin
NL brain gain
PL brain gain (pozyskiwanie mózgów/potencjału)
PT captação de cérebros
RO atragerea creierelor / brain gain
SK získavanie mozgov
SL pridobivanje možganov / priliv možganov
Derived by EMN from the definition of ‘brain drain’ in the
EMN Glossary
Synonym(s)
H
reverse brain drain
Related term(s)
brain drain
brain waste
brain circulation
circular migration
I
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
K
J
14.2 Economic factors and impacts (such as brain drain/
gain, employment/ unemployment, labour market,
economic growth, dumping)
L
Euro Voc Classification
M
2811 migration| 44 Employment and Working Conditions
N
Note(s)
This can apply to, for example, an EU Member State receiving a highly
qualified migrant, as well as a third-country national returning to
their country of origin.
O
P
SV kompetensinflöde
NO kunnskapsgevinst
Q
KA ინტელექტის შემოდინება
R
UK притік мізків
HY
G
ուղեղների ներհոսք
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
87
brain waste
BG разхищение на мозъци
CS plýtvání mozky
DE Brain Waste
EL κατασπατάληση εγκεφάλων (EL); brain waste (CY)
EN brain waste
ES subempleo
ET oskustööjõu alarakendatus
FI aivotuhlaus
FR gaspillage des cerveaux
Definition(s)
The non-recognition of the skills (and qualifications)
acquired by a migrant outside of the EU, which prevents
them from fully using their potential.
Source(s)
Derived by EMN from Footnote 28 of the European
Commission Communication on Migration and
Development, COM(2005) 390 final
Related term(s)
HR rasipanje mozgova
brain drain
brain gain
brain circulation
HU képességek elpazarlása
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
GA cur amú éirime
IT spreco di cervelli
LT protų švaistymas
LV intelektuālā potenciāla izšķērdēšana
MT Ħela ta’ mħuħ / ta’ nies bi kwalifiki għoljin
NL brain waste
PL marnotrastwo mózgów/potencjału
PT desperdício de competências
RO irosire a inteligenței
SK plytvanie mozgami (EU acquis); mrhanie mozgami
SL tratenje možganov
SV kompetensslöseri
NO kunnskapssløsing
KA ინტელექტის გაფლანგვა
UK втрата мізків
HY
88
ուղեղների վատնում
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
14.2 Economic factors and impacts (such as brain drain/
gain, employment/ unemployment, labour market,
economic growth, dumping)
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration| 44 Employment and Working Conditions
A
B
breeder documents
BG Документи за легитимация
CS matriční doklady
Documents used to support applications for identity,
residence and travel documents, such as birth,
marriage and death certificates.
EL έγγραφα βάσης
Source(s)
ES Documentos primarios (documento de filiación)
ET alusdokumendid
FI lähdeasiakirjat
D
Definition(s)
DE Ausgangsdokumente (EU-acquis); no usual
translation in DE
EN breeder dcouments
C
E
F
Footnote 7 of European Commission: Communication
‘Action plan to strengthen the European response to
travel document fraud’, COM (2016) 790 final
G
H
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
GA Doiciméid phórúcháin
6.3.2. Establishment of identity of applicants for
international protection (incl. examination of documents,
language analysis, age assessment)
HR izvodi iz matičnih knjiga / no usual translation
Euro Voc Classification
FR documents sources
HU anyakönyvi dokumentumok
IT documenti originatori
LT pirminiai dokumentai
LV izcelsmes dokumenti
MT Dokumenti primarji / mis-sors
2811 migration
I
J
K
Note(s)
L
The term can be used in different contexts, most commonly it is used in
the context of fraud, such as in the Communication of the Commission,
COM(2016) 790 final which presents an action plan to tackle the
phenomenon of travel document fraud.
M
NL onderliggende documenten
N
PL dokumenty źródłowe
PT documentos a montante
O
RO documente primare
SK východiskové doklady (EU acquis); zdrojové doklady
SL dokumenti o izvoru
P
SV stödjande ID-dokumentation / bakomliggande
dokument
Q
NO Transportørs ansvar
R
KA პირველადი (ძირი) დოკუმენტები
UK документи, що посвідчують особу
HY
S
հիմնական փաստաթուղթեր
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
89
Budapest Process
BG Будапещенски процес
CS Budapešťský proces
Definition(s)
FR Processus de Budapest
A consultative forum of more than 50 governments
from the wider European region and ten international
organisations, which aims to promote good
governance in the field of migration, to develop
comprehensive and sustainable systems for
orderly migration and to exchange information and
best practices on a wide range of migration issues
(legal migration, irregular migration, asylum, visa,
border management, trafficking in human beings
and smuggling of migrants, readmission and return).
GA Próiseas Bhúdaipeist
Source(s)
DE Budapest-Prozess
EL Διαδικασία της Βουδαπέστης
EN Budapest Process
ES Proceso de Budapest
ET Budapesti protsess
FI Budapestin prosessi
HR Budimpeštanski proces
HU Budapest Folyamat
IT Processo di Budapest
LT Budapešto procesas
LV Budapeštas process
MT Proċess (Il-) ta’ Budapest
NL Boedapest proces
PL Proces Budapeszteński
PT Processo de Budapeste
RO Procesul Budapesta
SK Budapeštiansky proces
SL Budimpeštanski proces
SV Budapestprocessen
NO Budapest-prosessen
KA ბუდაპეშტის პროცესი
UK Будапештський процес
HY
90
Բուդապեշտի գործընթաց
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
Derived by EMN from the Website of ICMPD describing
Budapest Process and
the Website of the Budapest Process
Related term(s)
Global Approach to Migration and Mobility (GAMM)
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
15.1 EU External dimension of migration and mobility
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration| 76 International Organisations
Note(s)
1. The Budapest Process was initiated by DE in 1991.
2. Through this dialogue, the Process promotes a harmonised approach in
dealing with irregular migration challenges and support for the transfer
and common understanding of migration concepts and policies.
3. For more information see the website of the Budapest Process.
A
B
burden of proof
BG тежест на доказване
CS důkazní břemeno
DE Beweislast
EL βάρος της αποδείξεως
EN burden of proof
ES carga de la prueba
ET tõendamiskohustus
FI todistustaakka
FR charge de la preuve
GA dualgas cruthúnais
HR teret dokaza
C
D
Definition(s)
In the global context, a party’s duty to prove a disputed
assertion or charge.
In themigration context, the duty of a non-national
seeking entry into a foreign State to prove that they are
entitled to enter and not inadmissible under the laws of
that State.
In the context of refugee status determination
procedures, the duty of the applicant to establish their
case, to produce evidence that they have a wellfounded fear of persecution.
Source(s)
E
F
G
H
I
HU bizonyítási teher
Derived by EMN from the IOM Glossary on Migration,
2019.
J
IT onere della prova
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
K
LT įrodinėjimo pareiga
LV pierādīšanas pienākums
MT Piż (Il-) tal-prova / Obbligu (L-) li jinġiebu l-provi
NL bewijslast
PL ciężar dowodu
PT ónus da prova
RO sarcina probei
SK dôkazné bremeno
SL dokazno breme
SV bevisbörda
NO bevisbyrde
6.2 Procedure for international protection/Refugee status
determination| 6.3 Specific aspects of migration
procedures
Euro Voc Classification
M
12 Law| 2811 migration
N
Note(s)
1. In refugee status determination procedures, it is the applicant who has
the burden of establishing the veracity of their allegations and the
accuracy of the facts on which the refugee claim is based. The burden of
proof is discharged by the applicant rendering a truthful account of facts
relevant to the claim so that, based on the facts, a proper decision may
be reached.
2. For further information see UNHCR: Note on Burden and Standard of
Proof in Refugee Claims, 16 December 1998.
KA მტკიცების ტვირთი
O
P
Q
R
UK тягар доведення
HY
L
ապացուցման պարտականություն
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
91
carrier
BG превозвач
CS dopravce
Definition(s)
DE Transportunternehmen / Beförderungsunternehmen
In relation to conveyance (or transport), the owner or
charterer of the conveyance.
EL μεταφορέας
Source(s)
EN carrier
Developed by EMN
ES operador de transporte
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
ET vedaja
6.3 Specific aspects of migration procedures
FI liikenteenharjoittaja
Euro Voc Classification
FR transporteur
GA iompróir
HR prijevoznik
HU fuvarozó
IT vettore
LT vežėjas
LV pārvadātājs
MT Operatur tat-trasport
NL vervoerder
PL przewoźnik
PT transportador
RO transportator
SK dopravca
SL prevoznik
SV transportör
NO transportør
KA გადამყვანი კომპანია
UK перевізник
HY
92
փոխադրող
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
2811 migration
Note(s)
1. A carrier usually refers to an airline, bus or rail company, or cruise line.
Under the laws of some States, the term includes any owner of a means
of conveyance, which carries a person onto its territory.
2. The definition given in Art. 2(a) of Council Directive 2004/82/EC (API
Directive) is more restrictive in that it refers explicitly to passenger
transport by air and there is uncertainty as to what ‹any natural or legal
person› actually refers to, e.g. if this is the owner of the company only.
A
B
carriers’ liability
BG отговорност на превозвачите
CS odpovědnost dopravce
DE Haftung von Transportunternehmen / Haftung von
Beförderungsunternehmen
EL ευθύνης του µεταφορέα
EN carriers’ liability
ES responsabilidad de los transportistas
ET veoettevõtjate vastutus
FI liikenteenharjoittajien velvollisuudet
FR responsabilité des transporteurs
GA Dliteanas iompróirí
HR odgovornost prijevoznika
HU fuvarozók felelőssége
IT obbligo del vettore
LT vežėjo atsakomybė
C
D
Definition(s)
In the migration context, obligation of carriers to
return third-country nationals who are not in
possession of the necessary travel documents to enter
the EU Member State/Schengen state of arrival.
E
Source(s)
G
Art.26 (1a) of the Schengen Convention and
Directive 2001/51/EC (Carriers Liability Directive) and
Art. 2 of Council Directive 2004/82/EC (Directive on the
obligation of carriers to communicate passenger data)
H
I
Related term(s)
carriers’ sanction
J
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
6.3 Specific aspects of migration procedures
K
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration
L
Note(s)
M
LV pārvadātāja pienākums
MT Obbligu(-i) tal-operaturi tat-trasport
NL vervoerdersaansprakelijkheid
PL odpowiedzialność przewoźnika
PT responsabilidade dos transportadores
RO răspunderea transportatorilor
SK zodpovednosť dopravcov a prepravcov
SL odgovornost prevoznikov
1. Carriers which are unable to effect the return of a third-country
national whose entry is refused are liable to find means of onward
transportation immediately and to bear the cost thereof, or, if immediate
onward transportation is not possible, they are liable for the costs of the
stay and return of the third-country nationals towards a non-Schengen
state.
2. IE, although not part of the Schengen area, has expressed its wish to
participate in certain aspects of the Schengen acquis, through Council
Decision 2002/192/EC to participate in certain aspects of the Schengen
acquis, including Art. 26 of the Schengen Convention.
SV transportörsansvar
N
O
P
Q
NO transportørs ansvar
KA გადამყვანის პასუხისმგებლობა
R
UK відповідальність перевізників
HY
F
S
փոխադրողի պատասխանատվություն
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
93
case worker in procedures for
international protection
BG интервюист
CS rozhodčí v řízení o udělení mezinárodní ochrany
DE Sachbearbeiter in Verfahren für internationalen
Schutz; Referent in Verfahren für internationalen
Schutz (AT)
EL χειριστής υποθέσεων διεθνούς προστασίας
EN case worker in procedures for international protection
ES trabajador social en procedimientos de protección
internacional
ET Rahvusvahelise kaitse taotluse menetleja
FI päätöksen tekijä / hakemuksen käsittelijä
kansainvälisen suojelun menettelyssä
FR agent responsable du traitement des demandes de
protection internationale
MT Operatur(-triċi) soċjali fi proċeduri għall-protezzjoni
internazzjonali
NL hoor- en beslisambtenaar in asielzaken (NL);
protection officer (BE)
PL pracownik / urzędnik prowadzący postępowanie w
sprawach z zakresu ochrony międzynardowej
PT instrutor do procedimento de proteção internacional
RO ofițer de decizie în procedurile de examinare a cererii
de azil
SK rozhodovač v konaniach o udelenie medzinárodnej
ochrany / rozhodovač v konaniach o udelenie azylu
SL pristojna uradna oseba v postopku mednarodne
zaščite
SV handläggare av ansökningar om internationellt skydd
HR voditelj postupka međunarodne zaštite
NO saksbehandler for søknad om internasjonal
beskyttelse (asyl) (b); sakshandsamar for søknad om
internasjonalt vern (asyl) (n)
HU menekültügyi eljárás során eljáró ügyintézők
KA საერთაშორისო დაცვის მოთხოვნის შესახებ
GA cásoibrí nósanna imeachta um chosaint idirnáisiúnta
IT operatore impegnato nella procedura di protezione
internazionale
LT prašymą nagrinėti ir sprendimą dėl prieglobsčio
suteikimo priimti įgaliotas valstybės tarnautojas
LV ierēdnis, kurš izskata starptautiskās aizsardzības
pieteikumus
94
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
განცხადების განმხილველი პირი
UK уповноважена посадова особа у процедурах
міжнародного захисту
HY
միջազգային պաշտպանության հարցերի գործ
վարող
A
B
C
D
Definition(s)
Personnel of the determining authority responsible
for examining and assessing an application for
international protection and competent to take a
decision at first instance in such a case.
E
Source(s)
G
F
Derived by EMN from the definition of ‘decision maker’
in UNHCR: Beyond Proof -Credibility Assessment in EU
Asylum Systems, 2013
H
Synonym(s)
I
asylum case worker
asylum determination officer
case officer
case worker
decision-maker
J
K
Related term(s)
L
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
M
determining authority
6.2 Procedure for international protection/Refugee status
determination
N
Euro Voc Classification
12 Law| 2811 migration
O
Note(s)
P
This term specifically refers to persons examining and assessing applications for international protection. There are other types of case
workers i.e. for processing visa applications, which are not explicitely
mentioned in the glossary with an extra term.
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
95
Centre for Information, Discussion
and Exchange on the Crossing of
Frontiers and Immigration (CIREFI)
BG Център за информация, дискусии и обмен оносно
преминаването на границите и имиграцията
LT Informacijos, diskusijų ir keitimosi duomenimis sienų
kirtimo ir imigracijos klausimais centras
CS Centrum pro informace, diskusi a výměnu názorů k
překračování hranic a imigraci
LV Robežšķērsošanas un imigrācijas jautājumu
informācijas, apspriežu un informācijas apmaiņas
centrs
DE Informations-, Reflexions- und Austauschzentrum für
Fragen im Zusammenhang mit dem Überschreiten
der Außengrenzen und der Einwanderung
MT Ċentru (Iċ-) ta’ Informazzjoni, Diskussjoni u Skambji
dwar il-Qsim ta’ Fruntieri u l-Immigrazzjoni
EL Κέντρο Πληροφόρησης, Μελετών και Ανταλλαγών
στον τομέα της διέλευσης των συνόρων και της
μετανάστευσης
NL Centrum voor informatie, beraad en
gegevensuitwisseling inzake grensoverschrijding en
immigratie
EN Centre for Information, Discussion and Exchange on
the Crossing of Frontiers and Immigration (CIREFI)
PL Centrum Wymiany Informacji nt. Przekraczania Granic
i Imigracji
ES Centro de información, reflexión e intercambio en
materia de cruce de fronteras e inmigración
PT Centro de Informação, Reflexão e Intercâmbio em
matéria de Passagem das Fronteiras e Imigração
ET piiriületuse- ja sisserändealase teabe, analüüsi ja
infovahetuse keskus
RO Centrul de informare, reflecţie şi schimb de informaţii
cu privire la trecerea frontierei şi imigraţie
FI Rajanylitys-ja maahanmuuttoasioiden tiedotus-,
tarkastelu- ja tietojenvaihtokeskus
SK Centrum pre informácie, diskusiu a výmenu v oblasti
prekračovania hraníc a prisťahovalectva (CIREFI)
FR Centre d’information, de réflexion et d’échanges en
matière de franchissement des frontières et
d’immigration
SL Center za informacije, razprave in izmenjave
podatkov o prečkanju meja in priseljevanju
GA an Lárionad um Fhaisnéis, Plé agus Malartú i dtaca le
Trasnú Imeallchríche agus Inimirce
HR Centar za informacije, raspravu i razmjenu podataka
o prelasku granica i useljavanju (CIREFI)
HU Külső Határok Átlépésével és Bevándorlással
foglalkozó Információ-, Vita-, és Véleménycsere
Központ
IT Centro di Informazione, di Riflessione e di Scambi in
materia di Attraversamento delle Frontiere e di
Immigrazione
96
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
SV Centrum för information, diskussion och utbyte i
frågor som rör passage av gränser och invandring
NO Senter for informasjon, diskusjon og utveksling om
grensepassering og innvandring
KA საზღვრის კვეთისა და იმიგრაციის საკითხებზე
ინფორმაციის მიმოცვლისა და ანალიზის
ცენტრი (CIREFI)
UK Центр інформації, обговорень і обміну даними про
перетин кордону та імміграцію (CIREFI)
HY
Սահմանների հատման և ներգաղթի վերաբերյալ
տեղեկատվության, քննարկման և փոխանակման
կենտրոն
A
B
C
D
E
Definition(s)
F
A body assisting the EU Member States in effectively
studying legal migration so as to prevent irregular
migration and unlawful residence, in effectively
combating immigration crime, in better detecting forged
documents and in improving expulsion practice.
G
H
Source(s)
Council Conclusions of 30 November 1994 on Cirefi
I
Synonym(s)
J
CIREFI
Related term(s)
K
European Border and Coast Guard Agency (Frontex)
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration
L
Note(s)
M
1. CIREFI started its work on 1 January 1995 based on the Council
conclusions of 30 November 1994.
2. In December 2009, as a consequence of the entry into force of
the Lisbon Treaty, COREPER decided to abolish CIREFI and to transfer its
functions to the European Border and Coast Guard Agency
(FRONTEX).
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
97
chain migration
BG верижна миграция
CS řetězová migrace
DE Kettenmigration
EL μεταναστευτική αλυσίδα
EN chain migration
ES cadena migratoria
Definition(s)
The practice where those who have settled on
a family reunification basis can themselves sponsor
further family members, consistent with European
Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) obligations.
Source(s)
ET ahelränne
EMN: Family Reunification of Third-Country Nationals in
the EU plus Norway: National Practices, 2016
FI ketjumaahanmuutto
Related term(s)
FR migration en chaîne
IT catena migratoria
family formation
family migration
family reunification
right to family life
right to family unity
LT grandininė migracija
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
GA imirce shlabhrúil
HR lančane migracije
HU lánc-migráció
LV ķēdes migrācija
MT Katina ta’ migrazzjoni
NL kettingmigratie
PL migracja łańcuchowa
PT migração em cadeia
RO migratie in lant
SK reťazová migrácia
SL verižna migracija
SV kedjemigration
NO kjedemigrasjon
KA ჯაჭვური მიგრაცია
UK ланцюгова міграція
HY
98
շղթայական միգրացիա
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
3.2 Migration for Family Reasons
Euro Voc Classification
2806 family| 2811 migration
Note(s)
1. Originally chain migration refers to a process in which initial movements
of migrants lead to further movements from the same area to the same
area. In a chain migration system, individual members of a community
migrate and then encourage or assist further movements of migration
(see Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung (BpB): Migration, Citizenship,
Education Glossary of Terms).
2. Chain migration may also be based on ethnic or family ties with
members of the same family migrating at different times, usually with
primary wage earners migrating first, followed by secondary or non-wage
earners. In countries with more or less liberal regulations on the rights of
migrants to family reunification usually in accordance with international
conventions, family reunification as an incidence of chain migration
explains much of the growth in the total migrant population.
A
B
change of status
BG Промяна на статута
CS změna statusu nebo pobytového oprávnění
DE Änderung des Rechtsstatus
EL αλλαγή καθεστώτος
EN change of status
ES Cambio de status
ET õigusliku staatuse muutmine
FI oleskelulupastatuksen muutos
FR changement de statut
GA athrú stádais
HR promjena statusa
HU státuszváltozás / státuszváltás
IT Cambiamento di status
LT statuso keitimas
LV statusa maiņa
MT Tibdil ta’ status
NL wijziging van verblijfsstatus
C
D
Definition(s)
E
A change in the legal status, due to a change in the
purpose of stay, of a third-country national present
in EU and/or EFTA Member States, which takes place
without requiring the individual to leave the State or
return to their country of origin.
F
G
Source(s)
Derived by EMN on the basis of the EMN Focussed
Study: Changes in immigration status and purpose of
stay: an overview of EU Member States’ approaches,
2015.
H
I
Euro Voc Classification
1011 European Union law| 2811 migration
J
Note(s)
K
The EMN Focussed Study on ‘Changes in immigration status and purpose
of stay’ (2015) considered changes from legal migration status
(student, researcher, employee, family member), from asylum
seeker status and from national statuses linked to protection (e.g.
tolerated stay). It did not consider changes of status resulting from
regularisations.
PL zmiana statusu pobytowego
L
M
N
PT alteração de estatuto
RO schimbare de statut
O
SK zmena statusu
SL sprememba statusa
P
SV statusbyte
NO endring av oppholdsgrunnlag (b); endring av
opphaldsgrunnlag (n)
Q
KA სტატუსის შეცვლა
R
UK зміна статусу
HY
S
կարգավիճակի փոփոխություն
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
99
Charter of Fundamental Rights
of the European Union
BG Харта на основните права на Европейския съюз
CS Listina základních práv Evropské unie
Definition(s)
EL Χάρτης των Θεμελιωδών Δικαιωμάτων της
Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης
The formal EU document which combines and declares
all the values and fundamental rights of individuals
(economic and social as well as civil and political) to
which EU Member States are obliged.
EN Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union
Source(s)
DE Charta der Grundrechte der Europäischen Union
ES Carta de los Derechos Fundamentales de la Unión
Europea
ET Euroopa Liidu põhiõiguste harta
Derived by EMN from the Charter of Fundamental Rights
of the European Union
Synonym(s)
FR Charte des droits fondamentaux de l’Union
européenne
EU Charter of Fundamental Rights
EU Fundamental Rights Charter
European Union Charter of Fundamental Rights
GA Cairt um Chearta Bunúsacha an Aontais Eorpaigh
Related term(s)
FI Euroopan unionin perusoikeuskirja
HR Povelja Europske unije o temeljnim pravima
HU Az Európai Unió Alapjogi Chartája
IT Carta dei Diritti Fondamentali dell’Unione Europea
LT ES pagrindinių teisių chartija
LV Eiropas Savienības Pamattiesību harta
MT Karta tad-Drittijiet Fundamentali tal-Unjoni Ewropea
NL Handvest van de grondrechten van de Europese Unie
PL Karta Praw Podstawowych Unii Europejskiej
PT Carta Europeia dos Direitos Fundamentais
RO Carta Drepturilor Fundamentale a Uniunii Europene
SK Charta základných práv Európskej únie
SL Listina Evropske unije o temeljnih pravicah
SV Europeiska unionens stadga om de grundläggande
rättigheterna
NO Den europeiske unions pakt om grunnleggende
rettigheter (b); pakta til Den europeiske unionen om
grunnleggjande rettar (n)
European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR)
European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA)
human rights
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
Euro Voc Classification
1011 European Union law
Note(s)
1. The Charter was proclaimed in December 2000 and became binding in
December 2009 when the Lisbon Treaty came into force.
2. The Charter does not establish new rights, but assembles existing rights
that were previously scattered over a range of international sources and
thus makes them more visible. The Charter reaffirms, with due regard for
the powers and tasks of the Union and for the principle of subsidiarity, the
rights as they result, in particular, from the constitutional traditions and
international obligations common to the Member States, the European
Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), the Social Charters adopted by
the Union and by the Council of Europe and the case-law of the Court of
Justice of the European Union and of the European Court of Human
Rights (ECtHR).
3. For more information, see the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the
European Union.
KA ევროკავშირის ძირითად უფლებათა ქარტია
UK Хартія основних прав Європейського Союзу
HY
100
Եվրոպական Միության Հիմնարար Իրավունքների
Խարտիա
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
child
BG дете
CS dítě
DE Kind
EL παιδί
EN child
ES población infantil
ET laps
FI lapsi
FR enfant
GA leanbh
HR dijete
HU gyermek
IT bambino - bambina / minore
LT vaikas
LV bērns
MT Tifel (Tifla) / Wild
NL kind
PL dziecko
PT criança
RO copil
SK dieťa
SL otrok
SV barn
NO barn
KA ბავშვი
C
D
Definition(s)
Every human being below the age of 18 years, unless
under the law applicable to the child, majority is attained
earlier or later.
Source(s)
Art. 1 of UN Convention on the Rights of the Child
F
G
Narrower term(s)
H
child labour
Related term(s)
I
adult
age assessment
minor
J
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
K
7.2 Minors and unaccompanied minors
Euro Voc Classification
2806 family
L
Note(s)
M
1. There is still no concrete, consistent definition of ‘child’ under EU law.
The Lisbon Treaty introduced an objective for the EU to promote
children›s rights. Moreover the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the
European Union guarantees the protection of children›s rights by EU
institutions, as well as by EU countries when they implement EU law. For
further information, see the webpage of DG Justice on the Rights of the
Child and Fundamental Rights Agency (FRA): Developing indicators for the
protection, respect and promotion of the rights of the child in the
European Union, March 2009
2. The term should be used to describe the relationship with other family
members. When referring to an individual and in a more legal context, the
term minor should be used.
N
O
P
Q
R
UK дитина
HY
E
երեխա
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
101
child labour
BG детски труд
CS dětská práce
DE Kinderarbeit
EL παιδική εργασία
EN child labour
ES trabajo infantil
ET lapstööjõu kasutamine
FI lapsityö
FR travail des enfants
GA fostú leanaí
HR dječji rad
HU gyerekmunka
IT lavoro infantile
LT vaikų darbas
LV bērnu darbs
MT Tħaddim ta’ tfal / ta’ minorenni / Sfruttament ta’
xogħol it-tfal
NL kinderarbeid
PL praca dzieci
PT trabalho infantil
RO muncă copiilor
SK detská práca
SL delo otrok
SV barnarbete
NO barnearbeid
KA ბავშვის შრომა
UK дитяча праця
HY
102
մանկական աշխատանք
Definition(s)
Any work performed by a child which deprives them of
their childhood, their potential and their dignity, and that
is harmful to their physical and mental development.
Source(s)
Webpage of the ILO International Programme on the
Elimination of Child Labour (IPEC)
Broader term(s)
child
Related term(s)
forced labour
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
7.2 Minors and unaccompanied minors| 14.2 Economic
factors and impacts (such as brain drain/gain,
employment/ unemployment, labour market, economic
growth, dumping)
Euro Voc Classification
44 Employment and Working Conditions
Note(s)
1. The definition does allow for a child to work (e.g. in a shop outside
school hours) as long as it does not conflict with the above. It refers to
work that is mentally, physically, socially or morally dangerous and
harmful to children and interferes with their schooling by:
depriving them of the opportunity to attend school;
obliging them to leave school prematurely; or
requiring them to combine school attendance with excessively long and
heavy work.
2. The ILO Convention No 138 specifies 15 years as the age above which,
in normal circumstances, a person may participate in economic activity.
According to Art. 32 of the Charter of Fundamentals Rights of the
European Union, the employment of children is prohibited. The minimum
age of admission to employment may not be lower than the minimum
school-leaving age, without prejudice to such rules as may be more
favourable to young people and except for limited derogations.
3. Not all work done by children should be classified as child labour that is
to be targeted for elimination. The ILO distinguishes between ‘child work’
and ‘child labour’, the latter being used to describe the more pejorative
part of ‘child work’, whereas child work’ in itself could include doing light
household chores and, as long as it does not affect their health and
personal development or interfere with their schooling, can actually have
some learning value.
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
child’s best interests
assessment (BIA)
BG оценка на висшия интерес на детето
CS posouzení nejlepšího zájmu dítěte
EL Αξιολόγηση υπέρτερου συμφέροντος του παιδιού (ΒΙΑ)
(EL); εκτίμηση βέλτιστου συμφέροντος του παιδιού
(ΒΙΑ) (CY)
EN child’s best interests assessment (BIA)
BIA
child’s best interests assessment
best interests of the child assessment
FR évaluation de l’intérêt supérieur de l’enfant
GA measúnú um am leas is fearr do leanbh
HR procjena najboljeg interesa djeteta
HU a gyermek mindenek felett álló érdekének vizsgálata
/ a gyermek mindenek felett álló érdekének
értékelése
IT Valutazione del superiore interesse del minore
LT geriausių vaiko interesų vertinimas
LV bērna interešu novērtējums
PT avaliação do superior interesse da criança
RO evaluarea interesului superior al copilului / evaluarea
interesului superior
(BIA)
UK оцінка найкращих інтересів дитини (ОНІ)
HY
best interests of the child (BIC)
G
H
I
L
Related term(s)
child’s best interests determination (BID)
United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child
(UNCRC)
M
N
O
Euro Voc Classification
PL ocena najlepszego interesu / ocena najlepszego
interesu dziecka
F
K
Broader term(s)
7.2 Minors and unaccompanied minors
NL beoordeling van het belang van het kind
E
J
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
MT valutazzjoni tal-aħjar interessi tat-tfal
KA ბავშვის საუკეთესო ინტერესების შეფასება
An ongoing procedure undertaken in each individual
case which evaluates and balances all elements
necessary to make a decision in a specific situation for
a specific child or group of children to ensure that such
procedure gives a primary consideration to the best
interests of the child (BIC).
Synonym(s)
FI lapsen edun arviointi
NO vurdering av barnets beste
D
Derived by EMN from UNHCR: Guidelines on Determining
the best interest of the child, 2008
ET lapse parimate huvide hindamine
SV hänsyn till barnets bästa
C
Source(s)
ES evaluación del interés superior / evaluación del
interés superior del niño
SL ocena največje koristi otroka
B
Definition(s)
DE Bewertung des besten Interesses des Kindes
SK posúdenie najlepšieho záujmu dieťaťa
A
2806 family| 2811 migration
P
Note(s)
Q
The best interests assessment is part of a continuous process in which
the best interests of the child (BIC) are pursued continuously as the
overall goal of any interventions made on behalf of an unaccompanied
or separated child. It is essential before any action affecting an
individual child is taken, unless a child’s best interests determination
(BID) is needed. It does not require any particular formality, and should be
conducted systematically in many circumstances that occur between the
moment a child is identified as unaccompanied or separated or otherwise
at risk, until a durable solution is implemented. The assessment can be
done either alone or in consultation with others. It does not require the
strict procedural safeguards of a formal determination, but staff should
have the requisite skills and knowledge throughout the displacement
cycle.
երեխայի լավագույն շահերի գնահատում
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
103
child’s best interests
determination (BID)
BG определяне на висшия интерес на детето
CS určení nejlepšího zájmu dítěte
DE Bestimmung des Kindeswohls / Feststellung des
Kindeswohls
EL Καθορισμός υπέρτερου συμφέροντος του παιδιού
(ΒΙD) (EL); BIC, καθορισμός βέλτιστου συμφέροντος
του παιδιού (ΒΙD) (CY)
EN child’s best interests determination (BID)
ES determinación del interés superior (DIS) /
determinación del interés superior del niño
ET lapse parimate huvide määramine
FI lapsen edun määrittäminen
FR détermination de l’intérêt supérieur de l’enfant
GA cinneadh um an leas is fearr do leanbh
HR određivanje najboljeg interesa djeteta
Definition(s)
A formal process with strict procedural safeguards and
documentation requirements designed to determine
the best interests of the child (BIC) for particularly
important decisions affecting the child and which
should facilitate adequate child participation without
discrimination, involve decision-makers with relevant
areas of expertise, and balance all relevant factors in
order to assess the best option.
Source(s)
UNHCR: Guidelines on Determining the best interest of
the child, 2008.
Synonym(s)
BIC
child’s best interests determination
best interests of the child determination
HU a gyermek mindenek felett álló érdekének
meghatározása
Broader term(s)
IT child’s best interests determination (BID)
Related term(s)
LT geriausių vaiko interesų nustatymas
LV bērna interešu noteikšana
MT determinazzjoni tal-aħjar interessi / determinazzjoni
tal‑aħjar interessi tal‑minorenni
NL bepaling van het belang van het kind
PL określenie najlepszego interesu / określenie
najlepszego interesu dziecka
PT determinação do superior interesse da criança
RO determinarea interesului superior (DIS) / determinarea
interesului superior al copilului
SK definovanie / určenie najlepšieho záujmu dieťaťa
SL določitev največje koristi otroka
SV prövning av barnets bästa
NO beslutning om barnets beste (b); avgjerd om barnets
beste (n)
KA ბავშვის საუკეთესო ინტერესების განსაზღვრა
(BID)
UK визначення найкращих інтересів дитини (ВНІ)
HY
104
երեխայի լավագույն շահերի սահմանում
best interests of the child (BIC)
child’s best interests assessment (BIA)
United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child
(UNCRC)
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
7.2 Minors and unaccompanied minors
Euro Voc Classification
2806 family| 2811 migration
Note(s)
In formal child’s best interests determination (BID) processes all relevant
factors are weighed and balanced giving appropriate weight to the rights
and obligations recognized in the United Nations Convention on the
Rights of the Child (UNCRC) and other human rights instruments, so
that a comprehensive decision can be made that best protects the rights
of children. A best interests determination requires stricter procedural
safeguards than the assessment. The UNHCR guidelines on assessing and
determining the best interests of the child 2018 require UNHCR to
undertake a BID in the following three situations:
the identification of the most appropriate durable solution or
complementary pathway for unaccompanied children (and separated
children) where there is an additional significant risk factor or
protection concern);
the identification of the most appropriate options for children at risk in
exceptional situations; and
decisions which may involve the separation of a child from parents
against their will.
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
circular migration
BG циркулярна миграция
CS cirkulární migrace
C
D
Definition(s)
DE zirkuläre Migration
A repetition of legal migration by the same person
between two or more countries.
E
EL κυκλική μετανάστευση
Source(s)
F
EN circular migration
ES migración circular
ET korduvränne
FI kiertomuutto
European Commission Communication on Circular
Migration and Mobility Partnerships, COM(2007) 248
final
Related term(s)
LT apykaitinė migracija
brain circulation
brain drain
brain gain
contract migrant worker
diaspora
mobility partnership
seasonal worker
LV cirkulārā migrācija
FR migration circulaire
GA imirce chiorclach
HR kružne migracije
HU körkörös migráció
IT migrazione circolare
G
H
I
J
K
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
MT migrazzjoni ċirkolari
3. Legal Migration
L
NL circulaire migratie
Euro Voc Classification
M
PL migracja cyrkulacyjna
PT migração circular
RO migraţie circulară
SK okružná migrácia / cirkulárna migrácia
SL krožna migracija
SV cirkulär migration
NO sirkulær migrasjon
KA ცირკულარული მიგრაცია
UK циркулярна міграція
HY
շրջանառու միգրացիա
2811 migration
N
Note(s)
The two main forms of circular migration which could be most relevant in
the EU context are:
a) circular migration of third-country nationals settled in the EU
This category of circular migration gives people the opportunity to engage
in an activity (business, professional, voluntary or other) in their country of
origin while retaining their main residence in one of the EU Member
States. This covers various groups:
business persons working in the EU and wishing to start an activity in their
country of origin (or in another third country); and
doctors, professors or other professionals willing to support their country
of origin by conducting part of their professional activity there.
b) circular migration of persons residing in a third country
Circular migration could create an opportunity for persons residing in a
third country to come to the EU temporarily for work, study, training or a
combination of these, on the condition that, at the end of the period for
which they were granted entry, they must re-establish their main
residence and their main activity in their country of origin. Circularity can
be enhanced by giving migrants the possibility, once they have returned,
to retain some form of privileged mobility to and from the EU Member
States where they were formerly residing, for example in the form of
simplified admission / re-entry procedures. This category covers a wide
array of situations, spanning the whole spectrum of migrants, including:
third-country nationals wishing to work temporarily in the EU, e.g. in
seasonal employment;
third-country nationals wishing to study or train in Europe before returning
to their country;
third-country nationals who, after having completed their studies, wish to
be employed in the EU (e.g. as trainees) to acquire professional experience
which is difficult to obtain at home, before returning;
third-country researchers wishing to carry out a research project in the EU;
third-country nationals who wish to take part in intercultural people-to-people exchanges and other activities in the field of culture, active
citizenship, education and youth (such as training courses, seminars,
events, study visits);
third-country nationals who wish to carry out an unremunerated voluntary
service pursuing objectives of general interest in the EU.
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
105
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
citizenship
BG гражданство
CS státní občanství
DE Staatsangehörigkeit / Staatsbürgerschaft
EL ιθαγένεια (EL); υπηκοότητα, ιδιότητα του πολίτη (CY)
EN citizenship
ES nacionalidad
Definition(s)
The particular legal bond between an individual and their
State, acquired by birth or naturalisation, whether by
declaration, choice, marriage or other means according
to national legislation.
Source(s)
ET kodakondsus
Art. 2(d) of Regulation (EC) No 862/2007 (Migration
Statistics Regulation)
FI kansalaisuus
Synonym(s)
FR nationalité
GA saoránacht
HR državljanstvo
nationality
Narrower term(s)
LT pilietybė
acquisition of citizenship
dual citizenship
loss of citizenship
union citizen
LV pilsonība
Related term(s)
HU állampolgárság
IT cittadinanza
MT Ċittadinanza
NL staatsburgerschap
PL obywatelstwo
PT nacionalidade
RO cetăţenie
SK štátne občianstvo / štátna príslušnosť
SL državljanstvo
SV medborgarskap
NO statsborgerskap (b); statsborgarskap (n)
KA მოქალაქეობა
UK Громадянство
HY
106
քաղաքացիություն
country of nationality
ethnic nationality
Euro Voc Classification
1011 European Union law| 1231 international law
Note(s)
1. Whilst in some EU Member States a distinction is made between
citizenship and nationality, in the EU context and for the purpose of this
glossary, no distinction is made and the two terms are considered to be
interchangeable. In countries which distinguish between citizenship and
nationality, the term citizenship refers specifically to the legal rights and
duties of nationals. The European Convention on Nationality,
the International Organization for Migration (IOM) Glossary and the Global
Citizenship Observatory (GLOBALCIT): Glossary on Citizenship and Electoral
Rights prefer the term ‹nationality›.
2. According to Art. 1 of the Hague Convention on Certain Questions
Relating to the Conflict of Nationality Law, 1930 , it is for each State to
determine under its own laws who are its nationals.
3. The tie of nationality confers individual rights and imposes obligations
that a State reserves for its population. Nationality carries with it certain
consequences as regards migration, such as the right of a State to
protect its nationals against violations of their individual rights committed
by foreign authorities (particularly by means of diplomatic protection), the
duty to accept its nationals onto its territory, and the prohibition to expel
them.
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
civic orientation course
BG курс по гражданска ориентация
CS kurz občanské orientace
EL Μαθήματα αγωγής του πολίτη
EN civic orientation course
ES Curso de orientación cívica
ET kodanikuõpetuse kursus
FI yhteiskuntaorientaatio
FR cours d’éducation civique; cours d’instruction civique
(LU); formation à la citoyenneté (BE); formation
civique (FR)
HR tečaj za građansku orijentaciju
D
Definition(s)
DE Staatsbürgerkundekurs; Orientierungskurs (AT, DE);
Staatskundekurs (LU)
GA
C
A part of the (national) integration
programmes for migrants/third-country
nationals residing legally in a host country /an EU
Member State which aims to convey knowledge and
understanding of the fundamental values of the host
country, the legal system, the residents› rights and
duties, access to the labour market as well as important
knowledge for everyday life which is needed to
participate in society.
E
Source(s)
I
Derived by EMN from EMN AHQ on Integration measures
regarding language courses and civic integration -Part 2,
April 2017.
Synonym(s)
F
G
H
J
K
LV pilsoniskās izglītības ievadkurss
civic training
Civic-cultural training
Civic orientation course
social-cultural orientation training
social-cultural orientation course
MT Kors t’ orjentazzzjoni ċivika
Broader term(s)
N
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
O
Euro Voc Classification
P
HU polgári orientációs kurzus
IT corso di orientamento civico
LT pilietinio orientavimo kursai
NL Inburgeringsprogramma
PL kurs kształtujący świadomość obywatelską
PT curso de formação cívica
RO curs de orientare civică
SK kurzy občianskej orientácie
SL tečaj državljanske vzgoje
SV samhällsorienteringskurs
NO samfunnsorienteringskurs
KA სამოქალაქო ორიენტაციის კურსი
UK курс із громадянської орієнтації
HY
քաղաքացիական կողմնորոշման դասընթաց
L
M
integration programme
9.1 Integration measures
2811 migration| 2826 social affairs
Q
Note(s)
1. EU Member States use different approaches as to which information is
conveyed during civic training and which categories of third-country
nationals can benefit from civic training, to these belong among others:
third country nationals/stateless persons with a residence permit for
work /study purposes, applicants and beneficiaries of international
protection. In some EU Member States participation is mandatory for
certain groups of migrants.
2. There are also different practices in place in EU Member States whether
civic orientation courses are for free, publicly funded, or participants have
to pay on their own.
3. In the context of international protection, Art. 16 of Directive
2013/33/EU (Recast Reception Conditions Directive) allows EU Member
States to organise vocational trainings for applicants as part of the access
to the labour market.
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
107
civil partnership of convenience
BG no translation
CS účelové partnerství
DE zivile Scheinpartnerschaft
EL εικονικό σύμφωνο συμβίωσης / σύμφωνο συμβίωσης
συμφέροντος
EN civil partnership of convenience
ES unión civil de conveniencia
ET tsiviilpartnerlus (riigis seadusliku viibimise aluse
saamiseks)
FI harhautustarkoituksessa solmittu rekisteröity
parisuhde
FR partenariat civil de complaisance
GA páirtnéireacht shibhialta áise
HR životno partnerstvo iz koristi
HU névleges élettársi kapcsolat
IT unione civile fittizia
LT fiktyvi registruota partnerystė
Definition(s)
A civil partnership contracted for the sole purpose of
enabling the person concerned to enter or reside in a EU
Member State.
Source(s)
Derived by EMN from the definition for ‘partnership’
in Art. 16(2b) of Council Directive 2003/86/EC (Family
Reunification Directive)
Related term(s)
adoption of convenience
false declaration of parenthood
marriage of convenience
partnership of convenience
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
6.1 Entry Conditions and Procedures
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration
LV fiktīvas partnerattiecības
MT Sħubija / Unjoni ċivili ta’ konvenjenza
NL schijnpartnerschap
PL fikcyjny związek partnerski
PT parceria civil de conveniência (casamento, união de
facto ou adoção)
RO parteneriat (civil) de convenienta
SK účelové registrované partnerstvo
SL partnerska skupnost iz koristoljubja
SV skenpartnerskap
NO proformapartnerskap (b); proformapartnarskap (n)
KA ფიქციური სამოქალაქო პარტნიორობა
UK цивільне партнерство за домовленістю
HY
108
պայմանական քաղաքացիական ամուսնություն
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
civil war refugee
BG бежанец вследствие на (гражданска) война
CS válečný uprchlík
DE (Bürger-)Kriegsflüchtling
EL πρόσφυγας εμφυλίου πολέμου
EN (civil) war refugee
ES refugiado por conflictos bélicos
ET sõjapõgenik
FI (sisällis)sotapakolainen
FR réfugié de guerre (civile)
GA dídeanaí cogaidh chathartha
HR ratna izbjeglica
HU (polgár) háborús menekült
IT rifugiato a causa di una guerra (anche civile)
LT pabėgėlis dėl pilietinio karo
LV kara bēglis
MT Rifuġjat(a) minħabba gwerra (ċivili)
NL (burger)oorlogsvluchteling
PL uchodźca wojenny
PT refugiado de guerra
RO refugiat de razboi (civil)
SK utečenec z dôvodu (občianskej) vojny
SL vojni begunec
SV krigsflykting
NO (borger)krigsflyktning (b); (borgar)krigsflyktning (n)
KA (სამოქალაქო) ომის გამო ლტოლვილი
UK біженець від (громадянської) війни
HY
քաղաքացիական պատերազմի փախստական
C
D
Definition(s)
E
A person who leaves their country to escape from the
effects of armed conflicts (direct effects of fighting,
assaults of combat troops, displacements etc.).
F
Source(s)
Derived by EMN from the definitions for ‘refugee’,
‘person eligible for subsidiary protection’ and ‘temporary
protection’ in the EMN Glossary
Synonym(s)
(civil) war refugee
G
H
I
Related term(s)
de facto refugee
displaced person
person eligible for subsidiary protection
subsidiary protection
temporary protection
J
K
L
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
1. Framework Concepts on Migration (including root
causes of migration
M
Euro Voc Classification
N
2811 migration
O
Note(s)
1. In accordance with the EU acquis (notably Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast
Qualification Directive), such a person could be granted refugee status or
subsidiary protection status, depending on the grounds on which their
application is based (i.e. depending on whether they were compelled to
leave as a result of fear of persecution linked to a Convention ground for
persecution or serious harm in the context of indiscriminate violence).
2. If there is a mass influx to the EU of such persons who have been
displaced, they may also be eligible for temporary protection in
accordance with Council Directive 2001/55/EC (Temporary Protection
Directive).
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
109
Common Basic Principles
BG Общи основни принципи
CS společné základní principy
DE Gemeinsame Grundprinzipien
EL Κοινές Βασικές Αρχές
EN Common Basic Principles
ES principios básicos comunes
Definition(s)
In the context of EU integration policy, a set of 11
simple, non-binding but thoughtful guidelines intended
to assist EU Member States in formulating their
integration policies.
Source(s)
FI yhteiset perusperiaatteet
Derived by the EMN from the European Website on
Integration and
JHA Council Conclusions of 19 November 2004
FR principes de base communs
Synonym(s)
ET ühtsed aluspõhimõtted
GA comhphrionsabail bhunúsacha
HR Zajednička temeljna načela
Common Basic Principles for Immigrant Integration
Policy
HU közös alapelvek
Broader term(s)
IT Principi Comuni di Base
LT bendrieji pagrindiniai principai
LV kopīgie pamatprincipi
MT Prinċipji Bażiċi Komuni
NL gemeenschappelijke basisprincipes
PL Wspólne Podstawowe Zasady
PT princípios básicos comuns
RO principii comune de bază
SK spoločné základné princípy / spoločné základné
zásady
SL skupna temeljna načela
SV gemensamma grundprinciper
NO felles grunnleggende prinsipper (b); Felles
grunnleggjande prinsipp (n)
KA საერთო ძირითადი პრინციპები
UK Загальні базові принципи
HY
110
Ընդհանուր Հիմնական Սկզբունքներ
integration
Related term(s)
host society
National Contact Points on Integration
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
9.1 Integration measures
Euro Voc Classification
1011 European Union law| 2811 migration| 2826 social
affairs
Note(s)
1. The Common Basic Principles for Immigrant Integration Policy in the EU
were adopted by the Justice and Home Affairs Council in November 2004
and form the foundations of EU initiatives in the field of integration.
2. The Common Basic Principles offer a guide for EU Member States
against which they can judge and assess their own efforts. They can also
use these basic principles to set priorities and further develop their own
measurable goals. The principles are relevant both for EU Member States
with considerable experience of substantial immigration as well as for
those that have more recently become destinations for significant
numbers of immigrants.
3. For more information, see the EU website on integration.
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
Common European
Asylum System (CEAS)
BG Обща европейска система за убежище
CS Společný evropský azylový systém
DE Gemeinsames Europäisches Asylsystem (GEAS)
EL Κοινό Ευρωπαϊκό Σύστημα Ασύλου
EN Common European Asylum System (CEAS)
ES Sistema Europeo Común de Asilo
ET Euroopa ühtne varjupaigasüsteem
FI Euroopan yhteinen turvapaikkajärjestelmä
FR régime d’asile européen commun (RAEC)
GA Comhchóras Tearmainn Eorpach
HR Zajednički europski sustav azila (CEAS)
HU Közös Európai Menekültügyi Rendszer (KEMR)
IT Sistema europeo comune di asilo
LT Bendra Europos prieglobsčio sistema
LV Kopējā Eiropas patvēruma sistēma (KEPS)
MT Sistema Ewropea Komuni għall-Ażil
D
KA თავშესაფრის ერთიანი ევროპული სისტემა
(CEAS)
UK Загальноєвропейська система надання притулку
(CEAS)
HY
Ապաստանի ընդհանուր եվրոպական համակարգ
G
H
I
Synonym(s)
K
CEAS
L
Related term(s)
M
N
O
1011 European Union law| 2811 migration
SL Skupni evropski azilni sistem
NO Det felles europeiske asylsystemet
F
J
Derived by EMN from Art. 78 of TFEU
Euro Voc Classification
SV det gemensamma europeiska asylsystemet
E
Source(s)
RO Sistemul European Comun de Azil (SECA)
SK Spoločný európsky azylový systém (CEAS)
C
A framework of agreed rules which establish
common procedures for international protection and
a uniform status for those who are granted refugee
status or subsidiary protection status based on the
full and inclusive application of the Geneva Refugee
Convention and Protocol and which aims to ensure fair
and humane treatment of applicants for international
protection, to harmonise asylum systems in the EU
and reduce the differences between Member States on
the basis of binding legislation, as well as to strengthen
practical cooperation between national asylum
administrations and the external dimension of asylum.
PT Sistema Europeu Comum de Asilo
PL Wspólny Europejski System Azylowy
B
Definition(s)
Eurasil
European Union Agency for Asylum (EUAA)
Lisbon Treaty
minimum standards
NL Gemeenschappelijk Europees Asielstelsel
A
P
Note(s)
According to Art. 78 of Treaty of the Functioning of the European
Union, the Common European Asylum System shall comprise:
(a) a uniform status of asylum for nationals of third countries, valid
throughout the European Union;
(b) a uniform status of subsidiary protection for nationals of third
countries who, without obtaining European asylum, are in need of
international protection;
(c) a common system of temporary protection for displaced persons in
the event of a massive inflow;
(d) common procedures for the granting and withdrawing of uniform
asylum or subsidiary protection status;
(e) criteria and mechanisms for determining which Member State is
responsible for considering an application for asylum or subsidiary
protection;
(f) standards concerning the conditions for the reception of applicants for
asylum or subsidiary protection;
(g) partnership and cooperation with third countries for the purpose of
managing inflows of people applying for asylum or subsidiary
or temporary protection.
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
111
Common Security and
Defence Policy (CSDP)
BG достъп до производство за международна
закрила
CS Společná bezpečnostní a obranná politika
DE Gemeinsame Sicherheits- und Verteidigungspolitik
EL Κοινή Πολιτικής Ασφαλείας και Άμυνας (ΚΠΑΑ)
EN Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP)
ES Política común de seguridad y defensa
ET ühine julgeoleku- ja kaitsepoliitika
Definition(s)
Policy offering a framework for cooperation between
EU Member States within which the EU can conduct
operational missions with the aim of peace-keeping
and strengthening international security in third
countries by relying on civil and military assets provided
by EU Member States.
Source(s)
FI Yhteinen turvallisuus- ja puolustuspolitiikka
The Security and Defence Policy on the Website of the
European Union External Action Services
FR politique de sécurité et de défense commune (PSDC)
Synonym(s)
GA Comhbheartas Slándála agus Cosanta
CSDP
HR Zajednička sigurnosna i obrambena politika (ZSOP)
Euro Voc Classification
HU közös biztonság- és védelempolitika (KBVP)
IT Politica di sicurezza e di difesa comune
LT Bendra saugumo ir gynybos politika
LV Kopējās drošības un aizsardzības politika
MT Politika ta’ Sigurtà u ta’ Difiża Komuni
NL Gemeenschappelijk Veiligheids- en Defensiebeleid
PL Wspólna Polityka Bezpieczeństwa i Obrony
PT Política Comum de Segurança e Defesa
RO Politica de securitate și apărare comună (PSAC)
SK Spoločná bezpečnostná a obranná politika (SBOP)
10 European Union
Note(s)
1. The Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) replaces the former
European Security and Defence Policy (ESDP) and was introduced by the
Lisbon Treaty as an integral part of the Common Foreign and Security
Policy (CFSP).
2. As in the preceding Treaties, the CSDP remains a fundamentally
intergovernmental issue.
3. The European Agenda on Migration of May 2015 envisages CSDP
operations in the Mediterranean to dismantle traffickers’ networks and
fight smuggling of migrants in accordance with international law. For
further information see the DG Migration and Home Affairs website,
webpage on the European Agenda on Migration.
SL Skupna varnostna in obrambna politika
SV gemensam säkerhets- och försvarspolitik (GFSP)
NO Felles sikkerhets- og forsvarspolitikk (b); felles
tryggleiks- og forsvarspolitikk
KA უსაფრთხოებისა და თავდაცვის ერთიანი
პოლიტიკა (CSDP)
UK Спільна політика безпеки та оборони (CSDP)
HY
112
Անվտանգության և պաշտպանության ընդհանուր
քաղաքականություն
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
community sponsorship
BG
C
D
Definition(s)
CS komunitní sponzorství
E
ES apoyo de la comunidad
Programme offering a complementary legal
pathway to resettlement for refugees in need of
international protection in which responsibilities
are shared between the government, civil society
organizations and local communities who provide
financial, social and/or emotional support in order to
facilitate their integration in the host country.
ET kogukonna sponsorlus
Source(s)
H
DE community sponsorship (no usual translation) /
gemeinschaftliche Förderung
EL χορηγία από την κοινότητα υποδοχής
EN community sponsorship
F
G
HR sponzorstvo zajednice
Derived by EMN from European Parliament: Briefing on
community sponsorship schemes under the New Pact on
Migration and Asylum, 2021 and
Caritas Europe and ICMC Europe: Fostering community
sponsorships across Europe, 2019
HU Közösségi szponzoráció
Synonym(s)
FI yhteisölähtöinen kotoutuminen
FR parrainage communautaire
GA urraíocht phobail
IT
LV kopienu sponsorēšana
community-based sponsorship
community sponsorship programme
sponsorship
MT Sponsorship Kommunitarju / Għajnuna Kommunitarja
LT bendruomenės rėmimo programa
I
J
K
L
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
NL community sponsorship
2. Legal and Political Framework of Migration
M
PL sponsoring prywatny
Euro Voc Classification
N
PT patrocínio comunitário
RO
SK komunitné sponzorstvo
SL skupnostno sponzorstvo
SV ideellt sponsorprogram
NO community sponsorship program
KA სათემო სპონსორობა/მხარდაჭერა
UK спонсорство громади
HY
Համայնքի հովանավորություն
2811 migration
O
Note(s)
1. There is no uniform or settled definition of the concept of community
sponsorship (also known as private sponsorship).
2. Such sponsorship programmes complement traditional, state-driven
resettlement programmes and sometimes overlap with them. They
provide tailor-made support for the integration of refugees.
3. Canada was the first country offering community sponsorships, the
Private Sponsorship of Refugees Programme (PSR) has been ongoing
since 1978.
4. To ensure a more predictable and fair system of responsibility-sharing
among EU Member States, the European Union has committed to the
implementation of the Global Compact on Refugees (2018) and to
increase the number of resettlement spaces and complementary
pathways for refugees. As part of its New Pact on Asylum and
Migration of September 2020, the European Commission acknowledged
the growing relevance of community sponsorship as a legal migration
instrument and called for a distinctly “European model of community
sponsorship’ to implement community/private sponsorship programmes
with EUAA support and EU funding. However, this model remains vague as
to the details and the design and implementation of community
sponsorship programmes remain in the responsibility of the EU Member
States where different concepts are implemented that often have
overlaps with resettlement, humanitarian visas, and family reunification
programmes.
5. For more information see: Duken C. and Rasche L.: Towards a European
Model for Community Sponsorship, March 2021, and Private Sponsorships
for integration: building a European model, December 2020, and Study on
the feasibility and added value of sponsorship schemes as a possible
pathway to safe channels for admission to the EU, including resettlement,
final report, October 2018.
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
113
complementary pathway for
admission to third countries
BG допълнителна възможност за прием в трети
държави
CS doplňková cesta pro přijetí do třetích zemí
DE Komplementärer Zugangsweg für die Zulassung in
Drittstaaten (EU acquis); Ergänzender Weg für die
Zulassung in Drittstaaten
EL συμπληρωματική οδός εισδοχής σε τρίτες χώρες
EN complementary pathway for admission to third
countries
ES
ET Kolmandatesse riikidesse vastuvõtmise täiendavad
rändeteed
FI täydentävä maahanmuuton väylä kolmansiin maihin
FR voie d’admission complémentaire dans les pays tiers
GA conair chomhlántach um ligean isteach i dtríú tíortha
HR komplementarni putevi za prihvat u trećim zemljama
HU kiegészítő útvonal a harmadik országokba történő
befogadáshoz
IT percorso complementare per l’ammissione in paesi
terzi
Definition(s)
In the global context, safe and regulated avenues
for refugees by providing legal admission
and lawful stay in a third country where
their international protection needs are met
which complement resettlement but not substitute
the protection afforded to refugees under the
international protection regime, while also being able to
support themselves and reach sustainable and lasting
solutions for resettlement or legal stay.
Source(s)
Derived by EMN from UNHCR: Complementary Pathways
for Admission to third countries and
UNHCR: Complementary Pathways for Admission of
Refugees to Third Countries: Key Considerations, April
2019.
Synonym(s)
complimentary pathway for refugee admission
complementary pathway for admission of refugees to
third countries
Related term(s)
LT papildomas priėmimo į trečiąsias šalis būdas
legal pathway
LV papildu iespējas uzņemšanai trešā valstī
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
MT Mogħdija komplimentarja għad-dħul f’pajjiżi terzi
4. International Protection and other Types of Protection
NL Complementaire toegangsmogelijkheid tot derde
landen
2811 migration
Euro Voc Classification
PL uzupełniająca ścieżka przyjmowania (uchodźców) do
państw trzecich
PT vias complementares para a admissão em países
terceiros
RO cale complementară de intrare pe teritoriul țărilor
terțe
SK doplnkové možnosti prijímania tretími krajinami
SL dopolnilna pot za sprejem v tretje države
SV kompletterande inreseväg till tredje land
NO lovlig adgang til tredjeland (b); lovleg tilgang til
tredjeland (n)
KA მესამე ქვეყნებში დაშვების დამხმარე გზა
UK додатковий шлях допуску до третіх країн
HY
114
երրորդ երկրներ ընդունելության լրացուցիչ
ճանապարհ
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
C
D
Note(s)
E
1. Complementary pathways offer refugees with alternatives to resorting
to irregular means and harmful onward movement. They can also
facilitate the acquisition and retention of skills that can help refugees
attain a sustainable and lasting solution for resettlement or legal stay in
the future. They may include existing admission avenues but which may
require operational adjustments to facilitate refugee access.
2. Complementary pathways can be seen as an expression of global
solidarity and international cooperation and a contribution to more
equitable responsibility sharing. UNHCR points out that they must be
carefully designed and implemented in such a way that the rights of
refugees (e.g. the non-refoulement principle) and continuing
international protection needs are safeguarded.
3. Current complementary pathways include humanitarian admission
programs, medical evacuation, family reunification, private sponsorship,
and opportunities for labour mobility and education. A key characteristic is
that they typically require refugees to meet particular eligibility criteria
apart from their refugee status. Three types of complementary
pathways can be differentiated:
humanitarian-based complementary pathways include humanitarian
admission programs, humanitarian visas, and family reunification
skill-based complementary pathways include opportunities for migration
on the basis of employment and education, including labour mobility and
educational scholarships and visas and
community-based complementary pathway include private or
community-based sponsorship initiatives through which citizens,
community groups, or other non-profit organizations can agree to sponsor
a refugee upon their arrival in a third country. For more information
see IOM Glossary on Migration 2019 and Church World service (CWS): The
Future of Refugee Resettlement and Complementary Pathways, Oct.
2020.
4. A particular feature of complementary pathways is that refugees can
access them directly, making use of publically available information and
existing administrative mechanisms, and thus securing their own
solutions.
5. The Global Compact for Migration calls upon States to enhance
availability and flexibility of pathways for regular migration in a way that
facilitates labour mobility and decent work reflecting demographic and
labour market realities, optimizes education opportunities, upholds
the right to family life, and responds to the needs of migrants in a
situation of vulnerability (Objective 5 of the Global Compact for Safe,
Orderly and Regular Migration).
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
115
content of international protection
BG съдържание на международната закрила
CS obsah mezinárodní ochrany
DE Inhalt des internationalen Schutzes
EL περιεχόμενο της διεθνούς προστασίας
EN content of international protection
ES
ET rahvusvahelise kaitse sisu
FI kansainvälisen suojelun sisältö
FR contenu de la protection internationale
Definition(s)
In the global context, a range of rights and benefits
afforded to Convention refugees in accordance with
the Geneva Refugee Convention and Protocol and
international refugee and human rights law.
In the EU context, a range of rights and benefits afforded
to beneficiaries of international protection in
accordance with Chapter VII of Directive 2011/95/EU
(Recast Qualification Directive).
Source(s)
HU A nemzetközi védelem tartalma
Global context: Derived by EMN from the Geneva
Refugee Convention and Protocol
EU-context: Chapter VII of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast
Qualification Directive).
IT contenuto della protezione internazionale
Narrower term(s)
GA raon nithe cosanta idirnáisiúnta
HR sadržaj međunarodne zaštite
LT tarptautinės apsaugos pobūdis
LV starptautiskās aizsardzības saturs
MT Kontenut (Il-) tal-protezzjoni internazzjonali
NL kenmerken van de internationale bescherming
PL zakres ochrony międzynarodowe
PT conteúdo da proteção internacional
RO conținut al protecției internaționale
SK obsah medzinárodnej ochrany
SL vsebina mednarodne zaščite
SV innebörden av internationellt skydd
NO rettigheter og goder for personer med flyktningstatus
(b); rettar og gode for personar med flyktningstatus
(n)
KA საერთაშორისო დაცვის შემადგენლობა
UK зміст міжнародного захисту
HY
116
միջազգային պաշտպանության բովանդակություն
access to education
access to employment
access to healthcare
access to procedures for recognition of qualifications
access to social welfare
family reunification
right to free movement
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
4.1 International protection
Euro Voc Classification
1011 European Union law| 2811 migration
Note(s)
1. At EU-level, Chapter VII of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification
Directive) grants the following rights to beneficiaries of international
protection:
the issuance of residence permits and travel documents;
the right to free movement across the national territory;
the right to family reunification;
access to employment;
access to education and vocational training and;
access to integration support and social assistance/welfare.
2. Overall, since the adoption of the Recast Qualification Directive, the
rights and benefits to both beneficiaries of refugee and subsidiary
protection status are the same. However, some differentiation has been
made, in recognition of the primacy of the Geneva Refugee Convention
and Protocol and the premise of the more temporary nature of the
subsidiary protection status, subsidiary protection beneficiaries are
entitled to less generous rights than refugees, i.e. with regard to the
duration of residence permits, the issuance of travel documents and the
access to social welfare.
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
contract migrant worker
BG работник мигрант на трудов договор
CS pracující migrant se smluvním vztahem
DE Vertragsarbeitnehmer
EL μισθωτός μετανάστης εργαζόμενος
EN contract migrant worker
ES No translation
ET lepinguline võõrtöötaja
FI sopimussiirtotyöntekijä (not in general use)
FR travailleur migrant sous contrat
GA oibrí imirceach ar conradh
HR ugovorni radnik migrant
HU szerződéssel rendelkező / szerződéses migráns
munkavállaló
IT lavoratore migrante a contratto
LT migrantas darbuotojas pagal sutartį
LV līgumdarbinieks migrants
MT Migrant ħaddiem b’kuntratt tax-xogħol
NL buitenlandse contractarbeider
PL migrant / pracownik kontraktowy
PT trabalhador migrante por conta de outrem
RO lucrător migrant cu contract / lucrător contractual
migrant
C
D
Definition(s)
Person working in a country other than their own
under contractual arrangements that set limits on the
period of employment and on the specific job held by
the migrant.
E
Source(s)
G
Synonym(s)
H
Broader term(s)
I
Related term(s)
J
OECD Glossary of Statistical Terms
contract worker
migrant worker
circular migration
seasonal worker
F
K
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
L
3.1 Migration for Economic Purposes
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration| 4406 employment
M
Note(s)
N
1. Contract migrant workers cannot change jobs without permission
granted by the authorities of the receiving state.
2. This full term is not commonly used; ‘contract worker’, which does not
necessarily apply to migrants only, is more common.
O
P
SK pracujúci migrant so zmluvou na dobu určitú
SL pogodbeni delavec migrant
SV migrant med begränsat anställningsavtal
Q
NO migrant med begrenset arbeidsavtale (b); migrant
med avgrensa arbeidsavtale (n)
R
KA ხელშეკრულებით დასაქმებული შრომითი
S
მიგრანტი
UK трудовий мігрант, який працює на підставі
трудового договору (контракту)
HY
T
պայմանագրով աշխատող միգրանտ
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
117
Convention grounds for persecution
BG основания за преследване, посочени в
Конвенцията за статута на бежанците
Definition(s)
EL λόγοι δίωξης σύμφωνα με τη Σύμβαση της Γενεύης
The five enumerated grounds listed in Art. 1A(2) of
the Geneva Refugee Convention and Protocol: race,
religion, nationality, membership of a particular social
group or political opinion which must be the reason
for persecution.
EN Convention grounds for persecution
Source(s)
CS důvody pronásledování podle Ženevské úmluvy
DE Verfolgungsgründe (nach) der Genfer Konvention /
Konventionsgründe
ES motivos de persecución Convenio de Ginebra de
1951 y Protocolo de 1967
Derived by EMN from Art. 1A(2) of the Geneva Refugee
Convention and Protocol
ET Genfi konventsioonis sätestatud tagakiusamise
alused
Synonym(s)
FI Geneven yleissopimuksen mukaiset vainon perusteet
grounds for persecution
reasons for persecution
FR motifs de persécution au sens de la Convention de
Genève
Broader term(s)
GA forais ghéarleanúna de réir Choinbhinsiún na Ginéive
Related term(s)
HR Konvencijske osnove proganjanja
persecution
HU a Genfi Egyezmény szerinti üldöztetési ok
Geneva Refugee Convention and Protocol
refugee
IT cause di persecuzione ex Convenzione di Ginevra
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
LT persekiojimo pagrindai pagal Konvenciją
4.1.1 Refugee protection
LV Ženēvas konvencijas noteiktie vajāšanas pamati
Euro Voc Classification
MT Motivi għall-persekuzzjoni skont il-Konvenzjoni ta’
Ġinevra
1231 international law| 2811 migration
NL gronden voor vervolging in de zin van het
Vluchtelingenverdrag
Note(s)
PL przesłanki konwencyjne związane z prześladowaniem
PT motivos de perseguição na aceção da Convenção de
Genebra
RO motive de persecutie stabilite de Conventia de la
Geneva
SK dôvody prenasledovania podľa Ženevského dohovoru
SL konvencijski razlogi za preganjanje / razlogi za
preganjanje po Ženevski konvenciji
SV konventionsgrunder för förföljelse
NO konvensjonsgrunnene for forfølgelse (b);
konvensjonsgrunnane for forfølging (n)
KA კონვენციით განსაზღვრული დევნის
საფუძვლები
UK Підстави для переслідування за Конвенцією
HY
118
Կոնվենցիայով սահմանված հետապնդման հիմքեր
1. Not every person who is outside their own country and has
a well-founded fear of persecution is a Convention refugee. One of
the conditions for qualification for refugee status within the meaning of
Art. 1(A) of the Geneva Refugee Convention is the existence of a causal
link between the reasons for persecution, namely race, religion, nationality,
political opinion or membership of a particular social group, and the acts
of persecution or the absence of protection against such acts. Persecution
based on any other ground will not be considered. The risk of being
persecuted may sometimes arise in circumstances where two or more
Convention grounds combine in the same person, in which case the
combination of such grounds defines the causal connection to the
well-founded fear of being persecuted.
2. The following definitions come into play when States attempt to
determine who is and who is not a refugee:
race is used in its broadest sense and includes ethnic and social groups
of common descent;
religion also has meaning, including identification with a group that
tends to share common traditions or beliefs, as well as the active
practice of religion;
nationality includes an individual’s citizenship. Persecution of ethnic,
linguistic and cultural groups within a population also may be termed
persecution based on nationality;
a particular social group refers to people who share a similar
background, habits or social status. This category often overlaps with
persecution based on one of the other four grounds. It has applied to
families of capitalists, landowners, homosexuals,
political opinion refers to ideas not tolerated by the authorities, including
opinions critical of government policies and methods. It includes
opinions attributed to individuals even if the individual does not in fact
hold that opinion.
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
Convention refugee
BG бежанец съгласно Конвенцията за статута на
бежанците от 1951 г.
C
D
Definition(s)
CS azylant / uprchlík podle Úmluvy
DE Konventionsflüchtling
EL πρόσφυγας σύμφωνα με τη Σύμβαση της Γενεύης
EN Convention refugee
ES refugiado (en términos de la Convención de Ginebra)
ET konventsioonipagulane
Person recognised as a refugee by States under the
criteria in Art. 1A of the Geneva Refugee Convention and
Protocol, and entitled to the enjoyment of a variety of
rights under that Convention.
E
Source(s)
G
Derived by EMN from the UNHCR Master Glossary of
Terms
H
Synonym(s)
FI Geneven yleissopimuksen mukainen pakolainen
recognised refugee
FR réfugié au sens de la Convention de Genève
I
Broader term(s)
GA dídeanaí de réir Choinbhinsiún na Ginéive
beneficiary of international protection
HR konvencijska izbjeglica
J
Related term(s)
HU konvenciós menekült
LT pabėgėlis pagal Konvenciją
mandate refugee
refugee status
relocation
LV bēglis Ženēvas konvencijas izpratnē
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
IT rifugiato ex Convenzione di Ginevra
MT Rifuġjat(a) skont il-Konvenzjoni ta’ Ġinevra
K
L
M
4.1.1 Refugee protection
NL verdragsvluchteling
Euro Voc Classification
PL uchodźca konwencyjny
F
N
1231 international law| 2811 migration
PT refugiado (na aceção da Convenção de Genebra de
1951 relativa aos refugiados)
O
RO refugiat în sensul Convenției privind statutul
refugiaților / refugiat în baza convenţiei de la Geneva
P
SK utečenec podľa Ženevského dohovoru
SL konvencijski begunec / begunec po Ženevski
konvenciji
Q
SV konventionsflykting
R
NO konvensjonsflyktning
KA ლტოლვილი კონვენციის საფუძველზე
S
UK біженець за Конвенцією про статус біженців 1951
року
T
HY
Կոնվենցիայով ճանաչված փախստական
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
119
Cooperation Platform on
Migration and Development
BG Платформа за сътрудничество по въпросите на
миграцията и развитието
Definition(s)
EL Πλατφόρμα Συνεργασίας για θέματα Μετανάστευσης
και Ανάπτυξης
A concept in the framework of the Global Approach
to Migration and Mobility (GAMM) whichs bring
together migration and development actors in a
country or region to manage migration more effectively,
in the interests of all, along specific migration routes.
EN Cooperation Platform on Migration and Development
Source(s)
CS Platforma pro spolupráci - migrace a rozvoj
DE Kooperationsplattform für Migration und Entwicklung
ES Plataforma de Cooperación sobre Migración y
Desarrollo
ET rände ja arenguabi koostööplatvorm
FI muuttoliikettä ja kehitystä käsittelevä
yhteistyöfoorumi
FR Plate-forme de coopération sur la migration et le
développement
GA Clár Comhoibrithe um Imirce agus Fhorbairt
HR Platforma za suradnju u području migracija i razvoja
HU Együttműködési platform a migráció és fejlesztés
területén
IT Piattaforma di cooperazione sulla migrazione e lo
sviluppo
LT Migracijos ir vystymosi bendradarbiavimo platforma
LV sadarbības platforma par migrāciju un attīstību
MT Pjattaforma ta’ Kooperazzjoni fuq il-Migrazzjoni u
l-Iżvilupp
NL samenwerkingsplatform voor migratie en
ontwikkeling
PL Platforma Współpracy na rzecz Migracji i Rozwoju
PT Plataforma de Cooperação em matéria de Migração
e de Desenvolvimento
RO Platforma de cooperare cu privire la Migratie si
dezvoltare
SK Platforma spolupráce v oblasti migrácie a rozvoja
Derived by EMN from Annex I of the European
Commission Communication on the Global Approach to
Migration, COM(2006) 735 final and
the European Commission Communication on the Global
Approach to Migration and Mobility, COM(2011) 743
final
Synonym(s)
cooperation platform
Broader term(s)
Global Approach to Migration and Mobility (GAMM)
Related term(s)
Global Forum on Migration and Development (GFMD)
migration profile
migration routes initiative
mobility partnership
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
15.1 EU External dimension of migration and mobility
Euro Voc Classification
04 Politics| 2811 migration
Note(s)
1. This concept was proposed in the 2006 Communication on the Global
Approach COM(2006) 735 and endorsed by the December 2006
European Council.
2. Such platforms bring together representatives of the country or
countries concerned with EU Member States, the Commission and
international organisations.
SL Platforma za sodelovanje na področju migracij in
razvoja
SV samarbetsplattform för migration och utveckling
NO Samarbeidsplattform om migrasjon og utvikling
KA მიგრაციისა და განვითარების საკითხებზე
თანამშრომლობის პლატფორმა
UK Платформа для співпраці з питань міграції та
розвитку
HY
120
Միգրացիայի և Զարգացման համագործակցության
հարթակ
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
Cotonou Agreement
BG Споразумението от Котону
CS Dohoda z Cotonou
DE Cotonou-Abkommen
EL Συμφωνία Κοτονού
EN Cotonou Agreement
ES Acuerdo de Cotonou
ET Cotonou leping
FI Cotonoun sopimus
FR Accord de Cotonou
GA Comhaontú Cotonou
HR Sporazum iz Cotonoua
HU Cotonoui Megállapodás
IT Accordo di Cotonou
LT Kotonu susitarimas
The Partnership Agreement between the members of
the African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) Group of States
of the one part and the European Union and its Member
States of the other part, in order to promote and
expedite the economic, cultural and social development
of the ACP States, with a view to contributing to peace
and security and to promoting a stable and democratic
political environment.
Source(s)
Synonym(s)
SV Cotonouavtalet
NO Cotonou-avtalen
KA კოტონუს შეთანხმება
UK Котонуська угода
HY
Կոտոնուի համաձայնագիր
H
Related term(s)
K
L
M
15.1 EU External dimension of migration and mobility
Euro Voc Classification
04 Politics
N
Note(s)
O
RO Acordul Cotonou
SL Sporazum iz Cotonouja
G
J
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
SK Dohoda z Cotonou
F
ACP-EC Partnership Agreement
Cotonou Partnership Agreement
LV Kotonū nolīgums
PT Acordo de Cotonou
E
I
Cotonou Agreement
MT Ftehim (Il-) ta’ Cotonou
PL Porozumienie z Cotonou
D
Definition(s)
Global Approach to Migration and Mobility (GAMM)
Global Forum on Migration and Development (GFMD)
NL Overeenkomst van Cotonou
C
1. The Cotonou Agreement is the most comprehensive Partnership
Agreement between developing countries and the EU. It was signed on 23
June 2000 in Cotonou, Benin as a global agreement, introducing
important changes and ambitious objectives while preserving the ‘acquis’
of 25 years of ACP-EC cooperation. It was revised in Luxembourg on 25
June 2005.
2. Art. 13 of this agreement refers to the issue of migration which shall
be the subject of in-depth dialogue in the framework of the ACP-EU
Partnership.
3. For more information, see the description of the Agreement on
the EuropeAid website.
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
121
country of birth
BG страна на раждане
CS země narození
DE Geburtsland
EL χώρα γέννησης
EN country of birth
ES país de nacimiento
ET sünniriik
Definition(s)
The country of residence (in its current borders, if the
information is available) of the mother at the time of
the birth or, in default, the country (in its current borders,
if the information is available) in which the birth took
place.
Source(s)
FI syntymämaa
Art.2(e) of Regulation (EC) No 862/2007 (Migration
Statistics Regulation)
FR pays de naissance
Related term(s)
HR država rođenja
country of nationality
country of origin
HU születés helye szerinti ország
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
GA tír bhreithe
IT paese di nascita
LT šalis, kurioje gimė (EU acquis); gimimo valstybė
LV dzimšanas valsts
14. Factors and Impacts of Migration
Euro Voc Classification
12 Law| 2816 demography and population
MT Art (L-) tat twelid
NL geboorteland
PL kraj urodzenia
PT país de nascimento
RO ţara de naştere
SK krajina narodenia
SL država rojstva
SV födelseland
NO fødeland
KA დაბადების ქვეყანა
UK країна народження
HY
122
ծննդավայր
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
country of destination
BG страна на дестинация
CS cílová země
C
D
Definition(s)
DE Zielland
The country that is a destination for migration
flows (regular or irregular).
E
EL χώρα προορισμού
Source(s)
EN country of destination
Derived by EMN from IOM Glossary on Migration, 2019.
F
ES país de destino
Related term(s)
G
FI kohdemaa
country of origin
country of transit
FR pays de destination
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
ET sihtriik
GA tír cinn scríbe / iolra: tíortha ceann scríbe
HR država odredišta
HU célország
H
I
14. Factors and Impacts of Migration
Euro Voc Classification
J
2811 migration
IT paese di destinazione
K
LT tikslo valstybė
L
LV mērķa valsts
MT Pajjiż fid-destinazzjoni
M
NL land van bestemming
PL kraj docelowy
N
PT país de destino
RO ţara de destinaţie
O
SK cieľová krajina
SL ciljna država
P
SV destinationsland
NO destinasjonsland
Q
KA დანიშნულების ქვეყანა
R
UK країна призначення
HY
նպատակակետ երկիր
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
123
country of nationality
BG страна на гражданство
CS země státní příslušnosti
DE Land der Staatsangehörigkeit / Land der
Staatsbürgerschaft
EL Χώρα της ιθαγένειας
EN country of nationality
ES país de nacionalidad
ET kodakondsusjärgne riik
FI kansalaisuusvaltio
Definition(s)
The country (or countries) of which a person
holds citizenship.
Source(s)
Developed by EMN
Synonym(s)
state of nationality
Related term(s)
GA tír náisiúntachta
citizenship
country of birth
country of origin
HR zemlja državljanstva
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
FR pays de nationalité
HU állampolgárság szerinti ország
14. Factors and Impacts of Migration
IT paese di cittadinanza
Euro Voc Classification
LT pilietybės valstybė
LV pilsonības valsts
MT Pajjiż tan-nazzjonalità
NL land waarvan iemand onderdaan is / land waarvan
iemand het staatsburgerschap heeft
PL państwo, którego obywatelem jest cudzoziemiec
2811 migration
Note(s)
1. A person may have a different country of nationality from their country
of origin and / or country of birth owing, for example, to the acquisition of
citizenship in a country different from their country of birth.
2. In some EU Member States, this term is used in the context of return.
PT país de nacionalidade
RO ţara de cetăţenie
SK krajina štátneho občianstva / krajina štátnej
príslušnosti
SL država državljanstva
SV medborgarskapsland
NO statsborgerskapsland (b); statsborgarskapsland (n)
KA მოქალაქეობის ქვეყანა
UK країна громадянства
HY
124
քաղաքացիության երկիր
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
country of origin
BG страна на произход
CS země původu
C
D
Definition(s)
DE Herkunftsland, Herkunftsstaat
The country of nationality or, for stateless persons, of
former habitual residence.
E
EL χώρα καταγωγής
Source(s)
F
EN country of origin
ES país de origen
ET päritoluriik
FI alkuperämaa/lähtömaa
FR pays d’origine
GA tír thionscnaimh
HR zemlja podrijetla
HU származási ország
IT paese di origine
LT kilmės šalis (EU acquis); kilmės valstybė
LV izcelsmes valsts
MT Pajjiż tal-oriġini
NL land van herkomst
PL kraj pochodzenia
PT país de origem
RO ţara de origine
SK krajina pôvodu
SL izvorna država
Art. 2(n) of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification
Directive)
Synonym(s)
H
state of origin
Narrower term(s)
country of origin information (COI)
safe country of origin
I
Related term(s)
J
country of birth
country of nationality
country of return
K
L
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
1. Framework Concepts on Migration (including root
causes of migration| 14. Factors and Impacts of
Migration
M
Euro Voc Classification
N
2811 migration
O
Note(s)
P
A person may have more than one country of origin.
SV ursprungsland
NO opprinnelseslandd (b); opphavsland (n)
Q
KA წარმომავლობის (წარმოშობის) ქვეყანა
R
UK країна походження
HY
G
ծագման երկիր
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
125
country of origin information (COI)
BG информация за страни на произход
CS informace o zemích původu
Definition(s)
ES información del país de origen
Information used by the EU Member States authorities
to analyse the socio-political situation in countries of
origin of applicants for international protection (and,
where necessary, in countries through which they have
transited) in the assessment, carried out on an individual
basis, of an application for international protection.
ET päritoluriigi info
Source(s)
DE Herkunftsländerinformation
EL πληροφορίες για τις χώρες καταγωγής
EN country of origin information (COI)
FI alkuperämaatieto/lähtömaatieto
FR information sur le pays d’origine
GA faisnéis faoin tír thionscnaimh
HR informacije o zemlji podrijetla
HU származási országinformáció
IT informazioni sul paese di origine
LT informacija apie kilmės valstybę
Derived by EMN from Annex C of Communication on
Strengthened Practical Cooperation, COM(2006) 67
final and
Art. 4 (3a) of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification
Directive) and
Art. 10 (3b) of Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum
Procedures Directive)
Synonym(s)
NL landeninformatie / herkomstlandeninformatie
COI
country information
information on third countries
third-country information
PL informacje o kraju pochodzenia
Broader term(s)
LV informācija par izcelsmes valsti
MT Informazzjoni dwar il-pajjiż tal-oriġini
PT informação do país de origem
RO informaţii din ţara de origine
SK informácie o krajine pôvodu (COI)
SL informacije o izvorni državi
SV landinformation
NO landinformasjon
KA ინფორმაცია წარმომავლობის (წარმოშობის)
ქვეყნის შესახებ (COI)
UK інформація про країну походження (ІКП)
HY
ծագման երկրի մասին տեղեկատվություններ
country of origin
Related term(s)
European Union Agency for Asylum (EUAA)
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
6.3.6 Country of origin information in migration
procedures
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration| 3231 information and information
processing
Note(s)
1. All relevant facts as they relate to the country of origin at the time of
taking a decision on the application are used. The relevant facts are
obtained from various sources, such as the European Union Agency for
Asylum (EUAA), United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
(UNHCR) and relevant international human rights organisations, general
public sources such as reports from (inter)national organisations,
governmental and non-governmental organisations, media, bilateral
contacts in countries of origin, embassy reports including the laws and
regulations of the country of origin and the manner in which they are
applied.
2. The COI used by the EU Member States authorities is made available to
the personnel responsible for examining applications and taking decisions.
3. To ensure that COI can contribute to fair and efficient procedures,
certain quality standards such as ‘relevance’, ‘reliability and balance’,
‘accuracy and currency’ and ‘transparency and traceability’ have been
developped. To qualify as COI it is essential that the source of the
information has no vested interest in the outcome of the individual
application for international protection.
4. This information is also used inter alia for taking decisions on other
migration issues, e.g. on return, as well as by researchers.
5. According to Art. 9 of Regulation (EU) 2021/2303 (EUAA-Regulation),
the EUAA shall be a centre for gathering relevant, reliable, objective,
accurate and up-to date information on relevant third countries in a
transparent and impartial manner, making use of relevant information,
including child-specific and gender-specific information, and targeted
information on persons belonging to vulnerable and minority groups.
126
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
country of return
BG страна на връщане
CS země návratu
C
D
Definition(s)
DE Rückkehrland
In the EU context, a third country to which a thirdcountry national returns.
E
EL χώρα επιστροφής
Source(s)
EN country of return
Developed by EMN
F
ES país de retorno
Related term(s)
G
FI paluumaa
country of origin
country of transit
FR pays de retour
Euro Voc Classification
ET vastuvõttev riik
GA tír fillte
HR država povratka
HU visszatérési ország
IT paese di ritorno
LT valstybė, į kurią grįžta
H
2811 migration
I
Note(s)
J
1. This is not defined in legal terms.
2. In most cases, it is the country of origin to which a return is made, but
this definition is used here in order to indicate other (possible)
destinations, e.g. country of transit or another third country.
L
LV atgriešanas valsts (EU acquis); izraidīšanas valsts
MT Pajjiż fejn wieħed jirritorna / fejn w. imur lura
M
NL terugkeerland
PL kraj powrotu
N
PT país de retorno
RO ţara de returnare
O
SK krajina návratu
SL država vrnitve
P
SV återvändandeland
NO returland
Q
KA დაბრუნების ქვეყანა
R
UK країна повернення
HY
K
վերադարձի երկիր
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
127
country of transit
BG страна на транзит
CS tranzitní země
DE Transitland
EL χώρα διέλευσης
EN country of transit
ES país de tránsito
ET transiitriik
FI kauttakulkumaa
FR pays de transit
Definition(s)
The country through which migration flows (regular
or irregular) move; this means the country (or
countries), different from the country of origin, which
a migrant passes through in order to enter a country
of destination.
Source(s)
Developed by EMN
Related term(s)
HR država tranzita
country of destination
country of origin
country of return
HU tranzitország
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
GA tír idirthurais
IT paese di transito
14. Factors and Impacts of Migration
LT tranzito valstybė
Euro Voc Classification
LV tranzītvalsts
2811 migration
MT Pajjiż ta’ transitu // Pajjiż li wieħed jgħaddi minnu
NL transitland / doorreisland
PL kraj tranzytowy
PT país de trânsito
RO ţara de tranzit
SK tranzitná krajina
SL tranzitna država
SV transitland
NO transittland
KA სატრანზიტო ქვეყანა
UK країна транзиту
HY
128
տարանցման երկիր
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
Court of Justice of the European
Union (CJEU)
BG Съд на Европейския съюз
CS Soudní dvůr Evropské unie
A
B
C
D
Definition(s)
ES Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea
The judicial authority of the European Union which
ensures in cooperation with the courts and tribunals of
the EU Member States the uniform application and
interpretation of European Union law; and which settles
legal disputes between national governments and EU
institutions.
ET Euroopa Liidu Kohus
Source(s)
DE Gerichtshof der Europäischen Union (EuGH)
EL Δικαστήριο της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης
EN Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU)
FI Euroopan unionin tuomioistuin
Website of the European Union’s Curia
FR Cour de justice de l’Union européenne
Synonym(s)
HR Sud Europske unije
CJEU
European Court of Justice
HU Az Európai Unió Bírósága (EUB)
Related term(s)
GA Cúirt Bhreithiúnais an Aontais Eorpaigh
IT Corte di giustizia dell’Unione europea
LT Europos Sąjungos Teisingumo Teismas
LV Eiropas Savienības Tiesa
MT Qorti (Il-) tal-Ġustizzja tal-Unjoni Ewropea (QĠUE)
NL Hof van Justitie van de Europese Unie
PL Trybunał Sprawiedliwości Unii Europejskiej
PT Tribunal de Justiça da União Europeia
RO Curtea de Justiție a Uniunii Europene
SK Súdny dvor Európskej únie (CJEU)
SL Sodišče Evropske unije
SV Europeiska unionens domstol (EU-domstolen)
NO EU-domstolen
KA ევროკავშირის მართლმსაჯულების
სასამართლო (CJEU)
F
G
H
I
J
European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR)
K
Euro Voc Classification
1006 EU institutions and European civil service| 1011
European Union law
L
M
Note(s)
1. The institution was originally established in 1952 as a single court
called the Court of Justice of the European Coal and Steel Communities
(as of 1958 the Court of Justice of the European Communities (CJEC)).
With the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty in 2009, the court system
obtained its current name (Court of Justice of the European Union), while
the court itself was renamed “Court of Justice”.
2. The Court is based in Luxembourg and consists of two courts: the Court
of Justice and the General Court (created in 1988). The court has one
judge per EU Member State. The governments of EU Member States agree
on whom they want to appoint.
3. The Court reviews the legality of the acts of the institutions of the
European Union; ensures that the EU Member States comply with
obligations under the Treaties; and interprets European Union law at the
request of the national courts and tribunals.
UK Суд Європейського Союзу (СЄС)
HY
E
N
O
P
Q
R
S
Եվրոպական միության արդարադատության
դատարան (CJEU)
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
129
credibility assessment
BG оценка на достоверността
CS posouzení věrohodnosti
Definition(s)
ES evaluación de la credibilidad
The process of gathering relevant information from
the applicant for international protection, examining
it in the light of all the information available to the case
worker in procedures for international protection,
for the purpose of the determination of qualification
for refugee status and / or subsidiary protection
status.
ET usaldusväärsuse / usutavuse hindamine
Source(s)
DE Glaubwürdigkeitsprüfung / Prüfung der
Glaubwürdigkeit
EL αξιολόγηση της αξιοπιστίας
EN credibility assessment
FI uskottavuusarviointi
FR évaluation de la crédibilité
GA measúnú creidiúnachta
HR utvrđivanje vjerodostojnosti
HU szavahihetőség értékelése
IT valutazione di credibilità
LT patikimumo vertinimas
LV ticamības novērtējums
MT Evalwazzjoni tal-kredibilità
UNHCR: Beyond proof -credibility assessment in EU
asylum systems, 2013
Related term(s)
real risk of suffering serious harm
well-founded fear of persecution
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
6.2 Procedure for international protection/Refugee status
determination
Euro Voc Classification
1231 international law| 2811 migration
NL beoordeling van de geloofwaardigheid
PL ocena wiarygodności
PT avaliação da credibilidade
RO evaluarea credibilitatii
SK preukazovanie dôveryhodnosti
SL ocena verodostojnosti
SV trovärdighetsbedömning
Note(s)
1. The credibility assessment is also a step taken in adjudicating an
application for a visa or other immigration status, in order to determine
whether the information presented by the applicant is consistent and
credible (see the definition ‹credibility assessment› in the IOM Glossary on
Migration, 2019).
2. Credibility is established where the applicant has presented a claim
which is coherent and plausible, not contradicting generally known facts,
and therefore is, on balance, capable of being believed.
NO vurdering av troverdighet (b); vurdering av truverd (n)
KA სანდოობის შეფასება
UK оцінка достовірності
HY
130
արժանահավատության գնահատում
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
crime against humanity
BG престъпление срещу човечеството
CS zločin proti lidskosti
DE Verbrechen gegen die Menschlichkeit
EL έγκλημα κατά της ανθρωπότητας
EN crime against humanity
ES crimen contra la humanidad
ET inimsusevastane kuritegu
FI rikos ihmisyyttä vastaan
FR crime contre l’humanité
GA coir i gcoinne an chine dhaonna
HR zločin protiv čovječnosti
HU emberiesség elleni bűncselekmény
C
D
Definition(s)
E
Act committed as part of a widespread or systematic
attack directed against any civilian population, with
knowledge of the attack.
F
Source(s)
Art. 7 of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal
Court
G
Related term(s)
H
exclusion clause
genocide
war crime
I
Euro Voc Classification
J
1236 rights and freedoms
IT crimine contro l’umanità
LT nusikaltimas žmoniškumui
LV noziegums pret cilvēci
MT Reat kontra l-umanità
NL misdrijf tegen de menselijkheid
PL zbrodnia przeciwko ludzkości
PT crimes contra a humanidade
RO crimă împotriva umanităţii
SK zločin proti ľudskosti
SL zločin proti človeštvu / zločin proti človečnosti
SV brott mot mänskligheten
NO forbrytelse mot menneskeheten (b); brotsverk mot
menneskeslekta (n)
KA დანაშაული კაცობრიობის წინააღმდეგ
K
Note(s)
Crimes against humanity include: a) murder;
b) extermination;
c)enslavement;
d) deportation or forcible transfer of population;
e) imprisonment or other severe deprivation of physical liberty in violation
of fundamental rules of international law;
f) torture;
g) rape, sexual slavery, enforced prostitution, forced pregnancy, enforced
sterilisation, or any other form of sexual violence of comparable gravity;
h) persecution against any identifiable group or collectivity on political,
racial, national, ethnic, cultural, religious, gender as defined in paragraph
3, or other grounds that are universally recognised as impermissible under
international law, in conn
i)enforced disappearance of persons;
j) the crime of apartheid;
k) other inhumane acts of a similar character intentionally causing great
suffering, or serious injury to body or to mental or physical health.
M
N
O
P
Q
R
UK злочин проти людства
HY
L
S
մարդկության դեմ հանցագործություն
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
131
cross-border worker
BG трансграничен работник
CS přeshraniční pracovník / příhraniční pracovník
DE Grenzgänger
EL διασυνοριακός εργαζόμενος / μεθοριακός εργαζόμενος
EN cross-border worker
ES trabajador transfronterizo
ET piiriülene töötaja
FI rajatyöntekijä (EN cross-border worker)
FR travailleur transfrontalier / travailleur frontalier
GA oibrí trasteorann
HR prekogranični radnik
HU (tagállamok között) ingázó munkavállaló
IT lavoratore frontaliero
LT darbuotojas, kertantis vidaus sienas
LV pārrobežu darba ņēmējs
MT Ħaddiem transkonfinali / jaqsam fruntiera
NL grensarbeider
PL pracownik transgraniczny
PT trabalhador transfronteiriço
RO lucrator transfrontalier
SK cezhraničný pracovník
SL čezmejni delavec
SV gränsarbetare
NO grensependler (b); grensependlar (n)
KA ტრანსსასაზღვრო მუშაკი
UK транскордонний працівник
HY
132
Definition(s)
A person who works as an employee or self-employed
person in one EU Member State but is recognised as
residing in another (neighbouring) EU Member State.
Source(s)
Derived by EMN from the definition of ‘cross-border
workers’ by DG Taxation and Customs Union (DG TAXUD)
Synonym(s)
cross-border commuter
Related term(s)
frontier worker
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
3.1 Migration for Economic Purposes
Euro Voc Classification
1011 European Union law| 2811 migration| 4406
employment
Note(s)
1. In dealing with cross-border issues a multitude of definitions for the
term ‘cross-border worker/commuter’ exists.
2. The concept of cross-border workers covers different circumstances,
depending on whether one takes the Community meaning (set out, in
particular, in connection with social security) or the various definitions
included in bilateral double-taxation agreements.
3. Where tax is concerned, bilateral double-taxation agreements
determining the tax arrangements applicable to frontier workers use more
restrictive definitions which additionally impose a spatial criterion: the fact
of living and working in a frontier zone.
4. Often ‘cross-border workers’ and ‘frontier workers’ are considered as
synonyms. However, cross-border workers are distinct from frontier
workers to the extent that they do not necessarily work in the frontier zone
of the host country.
միջսահմանային աշխատող
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
crude rate of net migration
BG общ коефициент на нетна миграция
C
D
Definition(s)
CS hrubá míra migračního salda
DE rohe Netto-Migrationsrate
The ratio of net migration plus adjustment during the
year to the average population in that year.
E
EL ακαθάριστο ποσοστό της καθαρής μετανάστευσης
Source(s)
EN crude rate of net migration
Eurostat’s Concepts and Definitions Database
F
ES tasa neta de migración
Related term(s)
G
migration flow
net migration
population stock
total migration
ET rändesaldo määr
FI nettomaahanmuutto tuhatta henkeä kohden
FR taux brut de solde migratoire
GA garbhráta glanimirce
H
I
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
HR stopa neto migracije
IT tasso grezzo di migrazione netta
6.3.7 Statistics in migration procedures| 14.3 Social
factors and impacts (such as changes in demographics,
age, education level, diversity)
LT neto migracija tūkstančiui gyventojų
Euro Voc Classification
HU nyers nettó migrációs arányszám
LV migrācijas saldo vispārīgais koeficients
MT Rata bejn wieħed u ieħor ta’ migrazzjoni netta / Rata
netta ta’ migrazzjoni
PL współczynnik salda migracji
PT taxa bruta do saldo migratório
RO rata brută a migrației nete
L
Note(s)
M
SK hrubá miera čistej migrácie / hrubá miera migračného
salda
N
O
P
SL splošna stopnja neto migracij
Q
SV nettomigration
NO summarisk nettomigrasjonsrate
R
KA მიგრაციის სალდოს ზოგადი კოეფიციენტი
UK загальний коефіцієнт чистої міграції
HY
K
2811 migration| 2816 demography and population
The value is expressed per 1,000 inhabitants. The crude rate of net
migration is equal to the difference between the crude rate of increase
and the crude rate of natural increase (that is, net migration is considered
as the part of population change not attributable to births and deaths). It
is calculated in this way because immigration or emigration flows are
either unknown or the figures are not sufficiently precise.
NL bruto cijfer migratiesaldo
J
S
զուտ միգրացիայի անմշակ տոկոսը
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
133
cultural diversity
BG културно многообразие
CS kulturní diverzita
DE kulturelle Vielfalt
EL πολιτιστική ποικιλομορφία
EN cultural diversity
ES diversidad cultural
ET kultuuriline mitmekesisus
FI kulttuurinen moninaisuus
FR diversité culturelle
GA ilchineálacht chultúrtha
HR kulturna različitost
HU kulturális sokszínűség
IT diversità culturale
Definition(s)
The diversity of forms of culture in a society composed
of groups of people from many different cultural
backgrounds.
Source(s)
Developed by EMN
Related term(s)
cultural pluralism
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
14.3 Social factors and impacts (such as changes in
demographics, age, education level, diversity)
Euro Voc Classification
28 Social Questions| 2811 migration| 2831 culture and
religion
LT kultūrinė įvairovė
LV kultūras daudzveidība
MT Diversità kulturali
NL culturele diversiteit
PL różnorodność kulturowa
PT diversidade cultural
RO diversitate culturală
SK kultúrna rozmanitosť / kultúrna diverzita
SL kulturna raznolikost
SV kulturell mångfald
NO kulturelt mangfold (b); kulturelt mangfald (n)
KA კულტურული მრავალფეროვნება
Note(s)
1. The UNESCO Declaration on Cultural Diversity reflects the diverse and
pluralist understanding of culture and defines cultural diversity in Art. 1 as
follows: ‹Diverse forms of culture across time and space which is
embodied in the uniqueness and plurality of the identities of the groups
and societies making up humankind and is a source of exchange,
innovation and creativity.’ The scope and definition agreed on in the UNESCO declaration were partly retained in the 2005 UNESCO Convention on
Cultural Diversity (UNESCO Convention on the Protection and Promotion of
the Diversity of Cultural Expression), the successive legally binding
Convention, which is a landmark agreement in modern international law
of culture and which sets out common rules, principles and points of
reference for cultural diversity at the global level.
2. On 18 December 2006, the European Community ratified the UNESCO
Convention. Preserving and promoting cultural diversity are among the
Community’s founding principles: they are enshrined in the Treaty, under
Art. 151, and in the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European
Union, under Art. 22.3.
UK культурне розмаїття
HY
134
մշակութային բազմազանություն
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
cultural mediator
BG посредник за социална (и културна) ориентация
CS kulturní mediátor
DE interkultureller Mediator / kultureller Mediator
EL πολιτιστικός διαμεσολαβητής
EN cultural mediator
ES Mediador cultural
ET kultuurivahendaja
FI kulttuurivälittäjä / kulttuuritulkki
FR médiateur culturel
GA idirghabhálaí cultúrtha
HR kulturni medijator
HU kulturális mediátor
C
In the migration context, a professional who facilitates
the communication (including interpretation) between
people speaking different languages and with different
cultural backgrounds.
E
Source(s)
G
Synonym(s)
H
Related term(s)
I
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
J
Developed by EMN.
intercultural mediator
interpreter
IT mediatore culturale
14.3 Social factors and impacts (such as changes in
demographics, age, education level, diversity)
LT kultūrinis mediatorius
Euro Voc Classification
LV kultūras vidutājs
MT Medjatur / Bejjien kulturali
NL Culturele mediator / Intercultureel bemiddelaar
PL mediator kulturowy
PT mediador cultural
RO mediator cultural / mediator comunitar
SK kultúrny mediátor
SL kulturni mediator / medkulturni mediator
SV kulturtolk
NO kulturtolk
KA კულტურათა შუამავალი
UK культурний медіатор
HY
D
Definition(s)
F
K
2811 migration| 2831 culture and religion
L
Note(s)
M
1. Cultural mediators provide information on different sets of value,
orientations to life, beliefs, assumptions and socio-cultural conventions by
clarifying culture-specific expressions and concepts that might give rise to
misunderstanding.
2. Intercultural mediation is not a registered profession; thus the role of
cultural mediators is not clearly defined and acknowledged. Therefore the
practice does not follow a standardized code of conduct, and it is not
exercised within a certain legal framework.
3. The terms cultural mediator and intercultural mediator are used
differently in EU Member States and different standards apply.
4. Cultural mediator should not be confused with the term interpreter, as
intercultural mediation is a much wider and a more enriched means of
communicating messages from sender to receiver than interpreting. For
more information see also the entry of interpreter.
N
O
P
Q
R
մշակութային միջնորդ
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
135
cultural pluralism
BG културен плурализъм
CS kulturní pluralismus
DE kultureller Pluralismus
EL πολιτιστικός πλουραλισμός
EN cultural pluralism
ES pluralismo cultural
Definition(s)
A policy aimed at the ensuring of harmonious interaction
among people and groups with plural, varied and
dynamic cultural identities as well as their willingness to
live together.
Source(s)
ET kultuuride paljusus
Art. 2 of UNESCO Universal Declaration on Cultural
Diversity
FI kulttuurinen monimuotoisuus
Related term(s)
FR pluralisme culturel
GA iolrachas cultúrtha
culture
cultural diversity
HR kulturni pluralizam
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
HU kulturális pluralizmus
IT pluralismo culturale
LT kultūrinis pliuralizmas
LV kultūras plurālisms
MT Pluraliżmu kulturali
NL cultureel pluralisme
PL pluralizm kulturowy
PT pluralismo cultural
RO pluralism cultural
14.3 Social factors and impacts (such as changes in
demographics, age, education level, diversity)
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration| 2831 culture and religion
Note(s)
1. According to the UNESCO definition, policies for the inclusion and
participation of all citizens are guarantees of social cohesion, the vitality
of civil society and peace. Thus defined, cultural pluralism gives policy
expression to the reality of cultural diversity.
2. See also the UNESCO Convention on the Protection and Promotion of
Cultural Expressions, 2005.
SK kultúrny pluralizmus
SL kulturni pluralizem
SV kulturell pluralism
NO kulturell pluralisme
KA კულტურული პლურალიზმი
UK культурний плюралізм
HY
136
մշակութային բազմակարծություն
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
culture
BG култура
CS kultura
DE Kultur
EL πολιτισμός, κουλτούρα
EN culture
ES cultura
ET kultuur
C
FR culture
Related term(s)
HR kultura
cultural diversity
cultural pluralism
HU kultúra
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
LT kultūra
LV kultūra
F
G
Source(s)
Derived by EMN from the definition in the UNESCO
Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity
IT cultura
E
The set of distinctive spiritual, material, intellectual
and emotional features of a society or a social
group encompassing, in addition to art and literature,
lifestyles, ways of living together, value systems,
traditions and beliefs.
FI kulttuuri
GA cultúr
D
Definition(s)
H
I
J
14. Factors and Impacts of Migration
K
Euro Voc Classification
2831 culture and religion
L
MT Kultura
M
NL cultuur
PL kultura
N
PT cultura
RO cultura
O
SK kultúra
SL kultura
P
SV kultur
NO kultur
Q
KA კულტურა
R
UK культура
HY
մշակույթ
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
137
de facto population
BG фактическо население
CS de facto obyvatelstvo
DE De-facto-Bevölkerung / tatsächlich anwesende
Bevölkerung
EL πραγματικός πληθυσμός (de facto)
EN de facto population
ES población (de hecho)
ET de facto rahvastik (tegelik rahvastik)
FI de facto -väestö
FR population de fait
Definition(s)
A concept under which individuals (or vital events) are
recorded (or are attributed) to the geographical area
where they were present (or occurred) at a specified
time.
Source(s)
OECD Glossary of Statistical Terms
Related term(s)
de jure population
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
HR de facto stanovništvo
6.3.7 Statistics in migration procedures| 14.3 Social
factors and impacts (such as changes in demographics,
age, education level, diversity)
HU tényleges népesség
Euro Voc Classification
GA daonra de facto
IT popolazione de facto
2816 demography and population
LT de facto gyventojų skaičius
LV de facto iedzīvotāji
MT Popolazzjoni de facto
Note(s)
This term is little used.
NL de facto bevolking
PL populacja de facto
PT população (de facto)
RO populaţie (de facto) / populație în fapt
SK obyvateľstvo de facto / faktické obyvateľstvo /
prítomné obyvateľstvo
SL de facto prebivalstvo / dejansko prebivalstvo
SV de facto-befolkning
NO tilstedeværende befolkning / de facto befolkning (b);
folkesetnad tilstades /de facto-folkesetnad (n)
KA დე ფაქტო მოსახლეობა
UK фактичне населення
HY
138
փաստացի բնակչություն
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
de facto refugee
BG no translation
CS uprchlík de facto
DE De-facto-Flüchtling
EL de facto πρόσφυγας
EN de facto refugee
ES refugiado de facto
ET de facto pagulane
FI tosiasiallinen pakolainen
FR réfugié de facto
GA dídeanaí de facto
HR de facto izbjeglica
HU de facto menekült
IT rifugiato de facto
LT de facto pabėgėlis
LV de facto bēglis
MT Rifuġjat(a) de facto
NL de facto vluchteling
PL uchodźca de facto
PT refugiado de facto
RO refugiat de facto
C
D
Definition(s)
Person not recognised as a refugee (within the
meaning of Art. 1A of the Geneva Refugee Convention
and Protocol) and who is unable or, for reasons
recognised as valid, unwilling to return to their country
of origin or country of nationality or, if they have
no nationality, to the country of their habitual
residence.
E
Source(s)
H
Broader term(s)
I
Related term(s)
J
Developed by EMN
refugee
civil war refugee
displaced person
humanitarian protection
person eligible for subsidiary protection
refugee in orbit
SV de facto-flykting
NO de facto-flyktning
KA დე ფაქტო ლტოლვილი
UK біженець де факто
HY
G
K
L
M
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
4. International Protection and other Types of Protection
Euro Voc Classification
N
2811 migration
O
Note(s)
P
SK utečenec de facto
SL de facto begunec
F
1. This term is not defined in legal terms in the EU Member States.
2. In DE, this refers to a person who has not applied for asylum or
whose asylum application has been rejected, but whose removal has
been suspended due to concrete danger of life, body or freedom. For
example, a person›s stay will be tolerated in DE on grounds of
humanitarian law.
Q
R
փաստացի փախստական
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
139
de jure population
BG юридическо население
CS de jure obyvatelstvo
DE De-jure-Bevölkerung
EL νόμιμος πληθυσμός (de jure)
EN de jure population
ES población (de derecho)
ET de jure rahvastik
FI de jure -väestö
FR population de droit
GA daonra de jure
HR de jure stanovništvo
HU hivatalos népességszám
IT popolazione de jure
LT de jure gyventojų skaičius
LV de jure iedzīvotāji
Definition(s)
A concept under which individuals (or vital events) are
recorded (or are attributed) to a geographical area on
the basis of the place of residence.
Source(s)
OECD Glossary of Statistical Terms
Related term(s)
de facto population
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
14.3 Social factors and impacts (such as changes in
demographics, age, education level, diversity)
Euro Voc Classification
2816 demography and population
Note(s)
This term is little used.
MT Popolazzjoni de jure
NL de jure bevolking
PL populacja de jure
PT população (de direito)
RO populaţie de drept
SK obyvateľstvo de jure / bývajúce obyvateľstvo
SL de jure prebivalstvo
SV bosatt befolkning / de jure-befolkning
NO hjemmehørende befolkning / de jure befolkning (b);
folkesetnad etter bustad / de jure-folkesetnad (n)
KA დე იურე მოსახლეობა
UK юридичне населення
HY
140
օրինական բնակչություն
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
degrading treatment or punishment
BG Унизително отношение или наказание
CS ponižující zacházení nebo trestání
Treatment that humiliates or debases an individual,
showing a lack of respect for, or diminishing, their human
dignity, or when it arouses feelings of fear, anguish or
inferiority capable of breaking an individual’s moral and
physical resistance.
EL ταπεινωτική μεταχείριση ή τιμωρία
EN degrading treatment or punishment
ES Pena o trato degradante
Source(s)
ET alandav kohtlemine või karistamine
HU megalázó bánásmód vagy büntetés
ECtHR Svinarenko and Slyadnev v. Russia, Applications
nos. 32541/08 and 43441/08
based on M.S.S. v. Belgium and Greece, Application no.
30696/09, § 220, ECHR 2011
and El-Masri v. the former Yugoslav Republic of
Macedonia, Application No. 39630/09, § 202, ECHR
2012
IT Trattamento o pena degradante
FI alentava kohtelu tai rangaistus
FR peine ou traitement dégradant
GA íde nó píonós táireach
HR ponižavajuće postupanje ili kažnjavanje
C
D
Definition(s)
DE erniedrigende Behandlung oder Bestrafung
B
E
F
G
H
I
J
Broader term(s)
LT žeminantis orumą elgesys arba baudimas
serious harm
K
LV pazemojoša rīcība vai sodīšana
Related term(s)
L
MT Trattament jew kastig /piena degradanti
NL vernederende behandeling of bestraffing / onterende
behandeling of bestraffing
inhuman treatment or punishment
torture
M
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
1. Framework Concepts on Migration (including root
causes of migration
N
PT tratamento ou pena degradantes
RO tratament degradant sau pedeapsă
Euro Voc Classification
O
PL poniżające traktowanie lub karanie
1236 rights and freedoms
SK ponižujúce zaobchádzanie alebo trestanie
SL ponižujoče ravnanje ali kaznovanje
SV förnedrande behandling eller bestraffning
NO nedverdigende behandling eller straff (b);
nedverdigande handsaming eller straff (n)
KA დამამცირებელი/ღირსების შემლახველი
მოპყრობა ან სასჯელი
UK поводження чи покарання, що принижує гідність
HY
նվաստացուցիչ վերաբերմունք կամ պատիժ
P
Note(s)
1. Prohibition of torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or
punishment is recognised as a right of paramount significance under
international human rights law and set out in all major international
instruments dealing with civil and political rights, such as in Art. 3 of
the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). The prohibition,
contained in Art. 3 of the ECHR is the only Convention prohibition that is
not subject to any limitations or derogations.
2. While the UN Convention against Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or
Degrading Treatment or Punishment (UNCAT) provides a definition of
torture, there is no universally accepted definition of inhuman and
degrading treatment or punishment. The case law of the European Court
of Human Rights (ECtHR) provides at least a source of guidance even
though the decision practice of the Court has changed over the time. On
the basis of the degree of severity of ill-treatment the Court distinguished
and defined three concepts prohibited by Art. 3: (i) torture, (ii) inhuman
treatment or punishment and (iii) degrading treatment or punishment.
Further, the Court emphasized in the Selmouni vs. France judgement of 28
July 1999 that the hierarchy distinguishing the three categories of
ill-treatment is fluid in nature and has to be assessed in harmony with
societal pogress.
3. The definition used is taken from the most recent reference to the term
in ECtHR case law. The first definitions of the term were established in
case law from the 1960s - e.g. Denmark, France, Norway, Sweden and the
Netherlands v. Greece, 1969. For more information, see Association for the
Prevention of Torture: Guide to Jurisprudence on Torture and Ill-treatment,
2002.
4. The suffering and humiliation involved must in any event go beyond the
inevitable element of suffering or humiliation resulting from legitimate
treatment or punishment (ECtR Soering v. United Kingdom no.
1/1989/161/217, § 100)
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
141
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
dependant
BG лице на издръжка
CS závislá osoba
DE zuzugsberechtigter Familienangehöriger /
Familienangehöriger, dem Unterhalt gewährt wird
EL συντηρούμενο / εξαρτώμενο μέλος
EN dependant
ES dependiente
ET ülalpeetav
FI huollettava
FR personne à charge
GA cleithiúnaí
HR ovisna/uzdržavana osoba
HU eltartott
IT persona a carico
Definition(s)
A person who has filed an application for family
reunification and who is granted entry and residence
by the EU Member State to stay with a legally
resident family member or other.
Source(s)
EMN: Family Reunification of Third-Country Nationals in
the EU plus Norway: National Practices, 2016.
Related term(s)
family member
sponsor
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
3.2 Migration for Family Reasons
Euro Voc Classification
2806 family| 2811 migration
LT išlaikomas asmuo
LV apgādājamais
MT Persuna dipendenti
Note(s)
For more information, see EMN: Family reunification, 2016.
NL afhankelijk gezinslid /persoon ten laste (very narrow)
PL osoba pozostająca na utrzymaniu
PT dependente / pessoa a cargo
RO persoană aflată în întreținere
SK závislá osoba
SL vzdrževana oseba / vzdrževani družinski član
SV anhörig
NO forsørget person (b); forsørgd person (n)
KA (ოჯახის წევრზე) დამოკიდებული / კმაყოფაზე
მყოფი პირი
UK утриманець
HY
142
խնամքի տակ գտնվող անձ
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
detainee
C
BG задържан
D
Definition(s)
CS zajištěný cizinec
E
A person in detention.
DE Häftling
Source(s)
EL κρατούμενος
F
Developed by EMN
EN detainee
Related term(s)
ES detenido
ET kinnipeetav
FI säilöön otettu
FR personne retenue (FR, LU); personne détenue (BE);
personne placée en détention (BE); personne placée
en rétention (FR, LU)
detention
G
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
Euro Voc Classification
H
12 Law| 1236 rights and freedoms
I
GA duine atá á choinneáil
J
HR osoba kojoj je ograničena sloboda kretanja/osoba u
detenciji
K
HU őrizetes
L
IT persona trattenuta
LT sulaikytasis
M
LV aizturētais
MT Detenut(a)
N
NL gedetineerde (NL, BE); in vreemdelingenbewaring
gestelde persoon (NL); vastgehouden / opgesloten
persoon (BE) (in case of return)
O
PL osoba zatrzymana
P
PT detido
RO deținut
Q
SK zaistená osoba
SL pridržana oseba
R
SV förvarstagen person
NO innsatt (b); innsett (n)
S
KA დაკავებული პირი
T
UK затримана особа
HY
ձերբակալված
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
143
detection of a victim of
trafficking in human beings
BG откриване на жертва на трафик на хора
CS identifikace oběti obchodování s lidmi
DE Erkennung eines Opfers von Menschenhandel
EL εντοπισμός θύματος εμπορίας ανθρώπων (EL);
εντοπισμός θύματος εμπορίας προσώπων (CY)
EN detection of a victim of trafficking in human beings
ES detección de víctimas de trata de seres humanos
ET inimkaubanduse ohvri staatuse tuvastamine
FI ihmiskaupan uhrin havaitseminen
FR détection d’une victime de la traite des êtres humains
GA íospartach gáinneála a aimsiú
HR otkrivanje žrtve trgovanja ljudima
HU emberkereskedelem áldozatának felderítése
IT individuazione della vittima di tratta degli esseri
umani
Definition(s)
The process of identifying a possible situation
of trafficking in human beings.
Source(s)
Derived by EMN from Varandas, I. & J. Martins: Signalling
Identification Integration of Victims of Trafficking for
Sexual Exploitation: Construction of a Guide, 2007
Broader term(s)
trafficking in human beings
Related term(s)
identification of a victim of trafficking in human beings
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
13.2 Trafficking in human beings
Euro Voc Classification
12 Law
LT prekybos žmonėmis aukos atpažinimas
LV cilvēku tirdzniecības upura atpazīšana
MT Sejbien ta’ vittma fit-traffikar tal-persuni
NL detectie van een slachtoffer van mensenhandel
PL identyfikacja ofiar handlu ludźmi
PT deteção de vítima de tráfico de seres humanos
RO detectarea unei victime a traficului de ființe umane /
identificarea unei victime a traficului de fiinte umane /
depistarea unei victime a traficului de ființe umane
SK zisťovanie či je osoba obeťou obchodovania s ľuďmi
SL zaznava žrtve trgovine z ljudmi
SV upptäckt av offer för människohandel
NO identifisering av et offer for menneskehandel (b);
identifisering av eit offer for menneskehandel (n)
KA ადამიანით ვაჭრობის (ტრეფიკინგის)
მსხვერპლის გამოვლენა
UK виявлення жертви торгівлі людьми
HY
144
մարդկանց թրաֆիքինգի զոհի հայտնաբերում
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
145
detention
BG задържане
CS zajištění
DE Abschiebungshaft; Schubhaft (AT)
EL κράτηση (διοικητική)
EN detention
ES internamiento
ET kinnipidamine
FI säilöönotto
FR rétention (EU acquis, FR, LU); détention (BE)
GA coinneáil
HR detencija/ograničenje slobode kretanja
HU fogvatartás / őrizet
IT trattenimento
LT sulaikymas
LV aizturēšana
MT Detenzjoni
NL detentie; vreemdelingenbewaring (NL) (in context of
return)
PL detencja / zatrzymanie
PT detenção
RO custodie publică
SK zaistenie
SL pridržanje
SV förvar
NO forvaring
Definition(s)
In the global migration context, non-punitive
administrative measure ordered by an administrative or
judicial authority(ies) in order to restrict the liberty of a
person through confinement so that another procedure
may be implemented.
In the EU asylum context, confinement (i.e. deprivation of
liberty) of an applicant for international protection by
an EU Member State within a particular place, where the
applicant is deprived of their personal liberty.
Source(s)
Global context: Derived by EMN from the definition of
‘detention’ in UNESCO’s People on the Move Handbook
EU context: Art. 2(h) of Directive 2013/33/EU (Recast
Reception Conditions Directive) and
Art. 26 of Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum
Procedures Directive)
Narrower term(s)
detention facility
detention standards and conditions
Related term(s)
alternative to detention
detainee
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
11. Detention and Alternatives to Detention
Euro Voc Classification
12 Law| 1236 rights and freedoms
KA დაკავება
UK тримання під вартою
HY
146
կալանավորում
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
C
D
Note(s)
E
1. EU provisions differentiate between different migration situations in
which third-country nationals can be detained: detention of applicants for
international protection, detention in order to prevent irregular entry into
the territory of EU Member States and detention of irregular
migrants involved in return proceedings.
2. Applicants for international protection may be detained at any stage of
or throughout the asylum process, from the time an initial application is
made up to the point of removal of an unsuccessful applicant for
international protection. According to Art. 26 of Directive 2013/32/EU
(Recast Asylum Procedure Directive) it is not acceptable to detain a
person solely for the reason that they have lodged an application for
international protection. To ensure the non-arbitrariness of detention
and the respect of fundamental rights of applicants for international
protection, Directive 2013/33/EU (Recast Reception Conditions Directive)
introduced an exhaustive list of detention grounds (Art. 8) and put in place
a number of procedural guarantees.The Directive also regulates the
conditions in detention facilities (Art. 10).
3. Although Directive 2008/115/EC (Return Directive) does not give a
definition for detention, it sets grounds for detention and states that
detention for the purpose of removal should be limited and subject to the
principle of proportionality and that third-country nationals in detention
should be treated in a humane and dignified manner with respect for
their fundamental rights and in compliance with international and
national law. Pursuant to Art. 15(1) of the Return Directive, EU Member
States may only detain or keep in a detention facility a third-country
national who is the subject of return procedures in order to prepare the
return and / or carry out the removal process, in particular when:
(a) there is a risk of absconding; or
(b) the third-country national concerned avoids or hampers the
preparation of return or the removal process. Any detention shall be for as
short a period as possible and only maintained as long as removal
arrangements are in progress and executed with due diligence, see Art.15
(1).
4. For further information, see EMN: The use of detention and alternatives
to detention in the context of immigration policies, 2014 and EMN:
Detention and Alternatives to detention in international protection and
return procedures, 2021.
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
147
detention facility
BG място за задържане
CS zařízení pro zajištění cizinců
Definition(s)
FR centre de rétention (EU acquis; FR, LU); centre fermé
(BE)
In the global context, a specialised facility used
for the detention of third-country nationals in
accordance with national law.
In the EU return context, a specialised facility to keep
in detention a third-country national who is the subject
of return procedures in order to prepare the return and/
or carry out the removal process, in particular when:
(a) there is a risk of absconding; or
(b) the third-country national concerned avoids or
hampers the preparation of return or the removal
process.
GA ionad coinneála
Source(s)
DE Hafteinrichtung (EU acquis, AT, DE);
Abschiebehaftanstalt (LU)
EL χώρος κράτησης (κρατητήρια)
EN detention facility
ES centro de internamiento
ET kinnipidamisasutus
FI säilöönottoyksikkö
IT struttura di trattenimento
Global context: Derived by EMN from Art. 16
of Directive 2008/115/EC (Return Directive)
EU return context: Art. 15(1) of Directive 2008/115/EC
(Return Directive)
LT sulaikymo centras
Synonym(s)
HR objekt za ograničenje slobode kretanja
HU őrzött szállás / fogda
LV aizturēšanas telpa
MT Ċentru / Faċilità ta’ detenzjoni
NL detentievoorziening; inrichting voor
vreemdelingenbewaring (NL) / gesloten centrum (BE)
PL ośrodek detencyjny
PT centro de instalação temporária
RO centru de cazare a străinilor luaţi în custodie publică
SK útvar policajného zaistenia pre cudzincov (ÚPZC) /
zariadenie určené pre zaistenie cudzincov (EU acquis)
SL center za pridržanje
detention centre
Broader term(s)
detention
Euro Voc Classification
12 Law| 1236 rights and freedoms
Note(s)
Where an EU Member State cannot provide accommodation in a
specialised detention facility and is obliged to resort to prison
accommodation, the third-country nationals in detention shall be kept
separated from ordinary prisoners.
SV förvarsanläggning
NO forvaringsleir
KA დაკავების დაწესებულება
UK установа тримання під вартою
HY
148
կալանավայր
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
149
detention standards and conditions
BG Стандарти и условия за задържане
CS standardy a podmínky zajištění
DE Haftstandards und -bedingungen
EL Πρότυπα και συνθήκες κράτησης
EN detention standards and conditions
ES Condiciones y garantías de internamiento
ET kinnipidamisnõuded ja -tingimused
FI säilöönotto-olosuhteet
FR normes et conditions de rétention (EU acquis, FR, LU);
normes et conditions de détention (BE)
GA caighdeáin agus dálaí coinneála
Definition(s)
In the context of migration, all basic principles
relating to the fundamental rights and treatment
of migrants held in administrative detention including
the right to legal remedies, the rules of detention
procedures, communication with legal advisers,
counsellors and persons representing international and
non-governmental organisations, material conditions
of accommodation, personal development, access to
healthcare and measures to ensure order, safety and
the protection of migrants in detention.
Source(s)
MT Normi u kondizzjonijiet tad-detenzjoni
Derived by EMN from Council of Europe, European
Committee on Legal Cooperation (CDCJ): Codifying
instrument of European rules on the administrative
detention of migrants, May 2017 and
Art. 9, 10 and 11 of Directive 2013/33/EU (Recast
Reception Conditions Directive) and
Art. 15, 16 and 17 of Directive 2008/115/EC (Return
Directive)
NL Detentienormen en -voorwaarden / omstandigheden
Synonym(s)
HR standardi i uvjeti za ograničenje slobode kretanja
HU fogvatartási normák és körülmények
IT standard e condizioni del trattenimento
LT sulaikymo standartai ir sąlygos
LV aizturēšanas standarti un apstākļi
PL warunki i normy/standardy zatrzymania
PT normas e condições de detenção
RO standarde și condiții de luare în custodie publică /
standarde și condiții de detenție
SK normy a podmienky zaistenia
SL standardi in pogoji pridržanja
SV normer och villkor för förvar
NO Vilkår for og standard ved ved forvaring
KA დაკავების სტანდარტები და პირობები
UK стандарти та умови тримання під вартою
HY
150
կալանավորման չափորոշիչներ և պայմաններ
conditions of detention
detention conditions
detention guarantees
detention standards
guarantees for detention
Broader term(s)
detention
Related term(s)
detainee
detention facility
Euro Voc Classification
12 Law| 1236 rights and freedoms
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
C
D
Note(s)
E
1. Basic principles related to the treatment of migrants in detention were
laid down e.g. by the Council of Europe’s European Committee on Legal
Cooperation (CDCJ) in its Codifying instrument of European rules on the
administrative detention of migrants, May 2017 or in the UNHCR
Guidelines on the Applicable Criteria and Standards relating to the
Detention of Asylum-Seekers and Alternatives to Detention, 2012.
2. In the EU context, Directive 2013/33/EU (Recast Reception Conditions
Directive) and Directive 2008/115/EC (Return Directive) include standards
(guarantees) and rules (conditions) on the detention of applicants for
international protection, ensuring that their fundamental rights are
respected.
3. Guarantees for detained applicants for international protection are
laid down in Art. 9 of Directive 2013/33/EU resp. Art. 15 of Directive
2008/115/EC, e.g. detention for the shortest period possible and only as
long as the grounds for detention are applicable, detention must be
ordered in writing by judicial or administrative authorities and access to
free legal assistance and representation.
4. Art.10 of Directive 2013/33/EU resp. Art. 16 of Directive 2008/115/EC
refer to conditions of detention. Detention of migrants shall take place as
a rule in specialised detention facilities. Where an EU Member State
cannot provide accommodation in a specialised detention facility and is
obliged to resort to prison accommodation, migrants shall be kept
separated from ordinary prisoners. EU Member States shall ensure
that family members, legal advisers or counselors and persons
representing relevant international and non-governmental organisations
such the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
(UNHCR) have the possibility to communicate with and visit applicants.
Applicants in detention shall be systematically provided with information
which explains the rules applied in the facility and sets out their rights and
obligations in a language which they understand.
5. According to Art. 11 of Directive 2013/33/EU resp. Art.17 of Directive
2008/115/EC particular attention shall be paid to the situation
of vulnerable persons. Unaccompanied minors and families with
minors shall only be detained as a measure of last resort and for the
shortest appropriate period of time.
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
151
determining authority
BG решаващ орган
CS rozhodující orgán
DE Asylbehörde
EL αποφαινόμενη αρχή
EN determining authority
ES autoridad decisoria de asilo
ET tuvastav asutus
Definition(s)
In the context of international protection, any
quasi-judicial or administrative body in an EU Member
State responsible for examining applications for
international protection that is competent to take
decisions at first instance in such cases.
Source(s)
FI määrittävä turvapaikkaviranomainen
Art. 2(f) of Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum
Procedures Directives)
FR autorité responsable de la détermination
Synonym(s)
GA údarás cinntitheach
determining asylum authority
HR nadležno tijelo
Related term(s)
HU menedékjog iránti kérelem elbírálásáért felelős
hatóság
case worker in procedures for international protection
IT autorità responsabile per il riconoscimento dello
status di rifugiato
6.2.3 First Instance (Administrative) determination
procedure
LT sprendžiančioji institucija (EU acquis); prašymą
nagrinėti ir sprendimą dėl prieglobsčio suteikimo
priimti įgaliota institucija
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
Euro Voc Classification
12 Law| 2811 migration
LV atbildīgā iestāde
MT Awtorità għat-teħid ta’ deċiżjonijiet dwar l-ażil
NL beslissingsautoriteit inzake internationale
bescherming
PL organ rozpatrujący wniosek
PT autoridade responsável pela decisão (asilo)
RO autoritatea responsabilă cu examinarea cererii de azil
/autoritate decizională
SK rozhodujúci orgán zodpovedný za preskúmanie
žiadosti o udelenie azylu
SL organ za presojo
SV beslutande myndighet
NO asylmyndighet (b); asylstyresmakt (n)
KA სტატუსის დამდგენი ორგანო
UK орган, який приймає рішення
HY
152
լրազոր մարմին
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
Dialogue on Mediterranean
Transit Migration
BG Диалог по Средиземно транзитната миграция
A
B
C
D
Definition(s)
CS Dialog o středomořské tranzitní migraci
DE Dialog über Transitmigration im Mittelmeerraum
EL ∆ιάλογο για τη µετανάστευση µέσω Μεσογείου
EN Dialogue on Mediterranean Transit Migration
ES Diálogo sobre la Migración de Tránsito en el
Mediterráneo
ET Vahemere transiitrände dialoog
FI Välimeren kauttakulkumuuttoa koskeva vuoropuhelu
FR Dialogue sur la migration de transit en Méditerranée
GA Idirphlé maidir le hImirce Idirthurais trasna na
Meánmhara
An inter-regional intergovernmental consultative
forum of migration officials in countries of
origin, transit and destination along the migration
routes in Africa, Europe and the Middle East with a focus
on irregular and mixed migration, as well as on migration
and development in the Mediterranean region and
beyond, aiming to build common understandings and
to jointly develop evidence-based comprehensive and
sustainable migration management systems.
E
Source(s)
I
Description of Mediterranean Transit Migration (MTM) on
the website of IOM
Synonym(s)
HR Dijalog o tranzitnim migracijama u Sredozemlju
MTM
HU Párbeszéd a Mediterrán Tranzit Migrációról
IT Dialogo sulla Migrazione di Transito nel Mediterraneo
F
G
H
J
K
Related term(s)
Africa-EU Migration, Mobility and Employment
Partnership
Five plus Five (5+5) Dialogue on Migration in the
Western Mediterranean
Global Approach to Migration and Mobility (GAMM)
Global Forum on Migration and Development (GFMD)
L
PL Dialog nt. migracji tranzytowych w regionie basenu
Morza Śródziemnego
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
15.1 EU External dimension of migration and mobility
O
PT Diálogo sobre migração de trânsito no Mediterrâneo
Euro Voc Classification
P
LT Migracijos dialogas Viduržemio jūros regiono tranzitui
LV Vidusjūras tranzīta migrācijas dialogs
MT Djalogu fuq il-Migrazzjoni tat-Transitu fil‑Mediterran
NL dialoog rond transmigratie in het Middellandse
Zeegebied
RO Dialogul cu privire la migraţia de tranzit în zona
Mediteranei
Q
Note(s)
SL Dialog o tranzitnih migracijah v Sredozemlju
SV dialog om transitmigration i Medelhavsområdet
NO Dialogen om transittmigrasjon i Middelhavet
KA დიალოგი ხმელთაშუაზღვისპირეთში
სატრანზიტო მიგრაციის თაობაზე
UK Діалог про транзитну міграцію в Середземномор’ї
Երկխոսություն միջերկրածովյան տարանցիկ
միգրացիայի վերաբերյալ
N
2811 migration
SK Dialóg o tranzitnej migrácii v Stredomorí
HY
M
1. The MTM Dialogue started in 2002 and involves numerous partcipants
from Arab (APS) and European partner states (EPS) as well as seven
international organisations.The International Centre for Migration Policy
Development (ICMPD) serves as its secretariat. Initially focusing on transit
migration, the MTM extended its scope over the years to cover various
aspects of migration management in the Mediterranean region and
beyond.
2. The Dialogue on Mediterranean Transit Migration is built on two pillars.
The first one focuses on enhancing operational cooperation to
combat irregular migration or, in other terms, on shorter-term measures
to address irregular flows. The second pillar deals with a longer-term
perspective by focusing on addressing the root causes of irregular flows
through development cooperation and a better joint management of
migration. These pillars are used as frameworks for the implementation of
specific projects but cross-pillar projects are also put in place.
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
153
diaspora
BG диаспора
CS diaspora
DE Diaspora
EL Διασπορά
EN diaspora
ES diáspora
ET diasporaa
FI diaspora
FR diaspora
GA diaspóra
HR dijaspora
HU diaszpóra
IT diaspora
LT diaspora
LV diaspora
MT Dijaspora
NL diaspora
PL Diaspora
Definition(s)
Individuals and members of networks, associations and
communities, who have left their country of origin, but
maintain links with their homelands.
Source(s)
Derived by EMN from IOM Glossary on Migration, 2019.
Related term(s)
circular migration
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
14.3 Social factors and impacts (such as changes in
demographics, age, education level, diversity)
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration
Note(s)
1. This concept covers more settled expatriate communities, migrant
workers based abroad temporarily, expatriates with the nationality of
the host country, dual nationals and second-/third-generation migrants.
2. It is a general term, with no legal definition, which can also cover EU
Member State nationals (and immigrants) who feel strong connections to
their origins.
PT diáspora
RO diaspora
SK diaspóra
SL diaspora
SV diaspora
NO diaspora
KA დიასპორა
UK діаспора
HY
154
սփյուռք
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
direct discrimination
BG пряка дискриминация
CS přímá diskriminace
DE unmittelbare Diskriminierung
EL άμεση διάκριση
EN direct discrimination
ES discriminación directa
A situation in which one person is treated less
favourably than another is, has been or would be treated
in a comparable situation on grounds of racial or ethnic
origin.
E
Source(s)
G
ET otsene diskrimineerimine
FI välitön syrjintä
Broader term(s)
FR discrimination directe
HR izravna diskriminacija
D
Definition(s)
Art. 2(2a) of Council Directive 2000/43/EC (Racial
Equality Directive)
GA idirdhealú díreach
C
F
H
principle of equal treatment
I
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
HU közvetlen diszkrimináció
14.3 Social factors and impacts (such as changes in
demographics, age, education level, diversity)
J
IT discriminazione diretta
Euro Voc Classification
K
LT tiesioginė diskriminacija
1236 rights and freedoms
L
LV tieša diskriminācija
MT Diskriminazzjoni diretta
M
NL directe discriminatie
PL dyskryminacja bezpośrednia
N
PT discriminação direta
RO discriminare directă
O
SK priama diskriminácia
SL neposredna diskriminacija
P
SV direkt diskriminering
NO direkte diskriminering
Q
KA პირდაპირი დისკრიმინაცია
R
UK пряма дискримінація
HY
ուղղակի խտրականություն
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
155
displaced person
BG разселено лице
CS vysídlená osoba
DE Vertriebener
EL εκτοπισθείς
EN displaced person
ES población desplazada
ET ümberasustatud isik
FI siirtymään joutunut henkilö
FR personne déplacée
GA duine easáitithe
HR raseljena osoba
HU lakóhelyét elhagyni kényszerült személy
IT sfollato
LT perkeltasis asmuo
LV pārvietota persona
MT Persuna spostata / li kellha tħalli darha
NL ontheemde
PL osoba przesiedlona
PT deslocado
RO persoană strămutată
Definition(s)
In the global context, persons or groups of persons who
have been forced or obliged to flee or to leave their
homes or places of habitual residence, either across
an international border or within a State, in particular
as a result of or in order to avoid the effects of armed
conflict, situations of generalized violence, violations
of human rights or natural or human-made disasters.
In the EU context, a third-country
national or stateless person who has had to leave
their country or region of origin, or has been evacuated,
particularly in response to an appeal by international
organisations, and is unable to return in safe and
durable conditions because of the situation prevailing
in that country, who may fall within the scope of Art. 1A
of the Geneva Refugee Convention and Protocol or
other international or national instruments giving
international protection, in particular:
(i) persons who have fled areas of armed conflict or
endemic violence;
(ii) persons at serious risk of, or who have been the
victims of, systematic or generalised violations of their
human rights.
Source(s)
SL razseljena oseba
Global context: IOM Glossary on Migration, 2019
EU-context: Art. 2(c) of Council Directive 2001/55/EC
(Temporary Protection Directive)
SV fördriven person
Broader term(s)
SK vysídlená osoba / vysídlenec (EU acquis); odídenec
NO fordrevet person (b); fordriven person (n)
KA გადაადგილებული პირი
UK переміщена особа
HY
տեղահանված անձ
forced migrant
Narrower term(s)
environmentally displaced person
internally displaced person
Related term(s)
civil war refugee
de facto refugee
displacement
refugee
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
1. Framework Concepts on Migration (including root
causes of migration| 4. International Protection and
other Types of Protection
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration
156
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
displacement
BG Разселване
CS vysídlení
DE Vertreibung
EL εκτόπιση/ εκτοπισμός
EN displacement
ES Desplazamiento
ET sundränne
FI siirtymään joutuminen
FR déplacement
GA easáitiú
HR raseljavanje
HU lakhelyelhagyás / lakóhely elhagyása
IT Sfollamento
LT perkėlimas
LV pārvietošana
MT Spostament
NL verplaatsing / ontheemding / verdrijving
PL przesiedlenie
PT deslocação
C
D
Definition(s)
In the global context, the movement of persons who
have been forced or obliged to flee or to leave their
homes or places of habitual residence, in particular
as a result of or in order to avoid the effects of armed
conflict, situations of generalized violence, violations
of human rights or natural or human-made disasters.
In the EU context, the movement of third-country
nationals or stateless persons who have had to
leave their country or region of origin, or have been
evacuated, in particular in response to an appeal by
international organisations, and are unable to return in
safe and durable conditions because of the situation
prevailing in that country, who may fall within the scope
of Article 1A of the Geneva Refugee Convention and
Protocol or other international or national instruments
giving international protection, in particular:
(i) persons who have fled areas of armed conflict or
endemic violence;
(ii) persons at serious risk of, or who have been the
victims of, systematic or generalised violations of
their human rights.
E
Source(s)
N
SL razselitev
Global context: Derived by EMN from IOM Glossary on
Migration, 2019
EU-context: Derived by EMN from Art. 2(c) of Council
Directive 2001/55/EC (Temporary Protection Directive)
SV fördrivning
Broader term(s)
RO strămutarea forțată a populației / strămutarea
SK vysídlenie
NO fordrivelse (b); fordriving (n)
KA (იძულებითი) გადაადგილება
UK переміщення
HY
տեղահանում
forced migration
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
O
P
Q
Narrower term(s)
R
environmentally displaced person
Related term(s)
S
temporary protection
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
T
1. Framework Concepts on Migration (including root
causes of migration| 4. International Protection and
other Types of Protection
U
Euro Voc Classification
V
2811 migration
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
157
distribution key
BG Разпределителен ключ
CS distribuční klíč
Definition(s)
ES Clave de distribución
The method used to determine the acceptance
quota and to allocate applicants for international
protection to different regions of a country or different
EU Member States on the basis of criteria such as
relative size of the region / EU Member State, population
density, wealth and absorption capacities.
ET jaotuskvoot
Source(s)
DE Verteilungsschlüssel
EL κλείδα κατανομής
EN distribution key
HR ključ raspodjele
Derived by EMN from the description of ‘distribution
key’ in European Commission: Communication Towards
a reform of the Common European Asylum System and
enhancing legal avenues to Europe, COM (2016) 197
final.
HU elosztási kulcs
Synonym(s)
FI EU:n taakanjaon määrittämisperusteet
FR clé de répartition
GA eochair dáileacháin
IT Chiave di distribuzione
distribution of applicants for international protection
LT paskirstymo raktas
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
LV sadales koeficients
MT Gwida għat-tqassim tal-applikanti
NL verdeelsleutel
PL kryteria rozproszenia
4.4 Reception and Accommodation of Applicants for
international protection and other refugees
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration
PT chave de distribuição/repartição
RO cheie de repartizare
SK distribučný kľúč
SL razdelitveni ključ
SV fördelningsnyckel
NO fordelingsnøkkel
KA განაწილების კოეფიციენტი
UK ключ розподілу
HY
158
բաշխման բանալի (մեթոդ)
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
dual citizenship
C
BG двойно гражданство
D
Definition(s)
CS dvojí občanství
DE doppelte Staatsangehörigkeit / doppelte
Staatsbürgerschaft / Doppelstaatigkeit
EL διπλή ιθαγένεια
The simultaneous possession of two or
more citizenships by the same person.
E
Source(s)
F
EN dual citizenship
Derived by EMN from Art. 2b of the European Convention
on Nationality
ES doble nacionalidad
Synonym(s)
G
multiple citizenship
multiple nationality
H
FI monikansalaisuus
FR double nationalité
Broader term(s)
I
Euro Voc Classification
J
ET topeltkodakondsus
citizenship
GA déshaoránacht
HR dvojno državljanstvo
1011 European Union law| 12 Law
HU kettős állampolgárság
K
IT doppia cittadinanza
LT kelių valstybių pilietybė
L
LV dubultā pilsonība
MT Ċittadinanza doppja
M
NL meervoudige nationaliteit / meervoudig
staatsburgerschap
N
PL podwójne obywatelstwo
O
PT dupla nacionalidade
RO cetățenie dublă
P
SK dvojité štátne občianstvo / dvojitá štátna príslušnosť
(dual citizenship) / viacnásobné štátne občianstvo /
viacnásobná štátna príslušnosť (multiple citizenship)
Q
SL dvojno državljanstvo
R
SV dubbelt medborgarskap
NO dobbelt statsborgerskap (b); dobbel statsborgarskap
(n)
S
KA ორმაგი მოქალაქეობა
T
UK подвійне громадянство
HY
երկքաղաքացիություն
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
159
Dublin Convention
BG Дъблинска конвенция
CS Dublinská úmluva
DE Dubliner Übereinkommen
EL Σύμβαση του Δουβλίνου
EN Dublin Convention
ES Convenio de Dublín
ET Dublini konventsioon
FI Dublinin yleissopimus
FR Convention de Dublin
GA Coinbhinsiún Bhaile Átha Cliath
HR Dublinska konvencija
HU Dublini Egyezmény
IT Convenzione di Dublino
Definition(s)
Convention determining the EU Member State
responsible for examining an application for
asylum lodged in one of the EU Member States.
Source(s)
Dublin Convention
Related term(s)
Dublin procedure
Dublin Regulation
Dublin transfer
Eurodac
transfer order
Euro Voc Classification
1011 European Union law| 2811 migration
LT Dublino konvencija
LV Dublinas konvencija
MT Konvenzjoni (Il-) ta’ Dublin
NL Overeenkomst van Dublin
PL Konwencja Dublińska
PT Convenção de Dublin
Note(s)
1. The Dublin Convention was signed in Dublin, Ireland on 15 June 1990,
and first came into force on 1 September 1997 for the first 12 signatories.
The Treaty has been extended to other EU Member States and some
countries outside the European Union.
2. The Dublin Convention was replaced by Council Regulation No
343/2003 (Dublin II regulation). Its validity ended on 16 March 2003.
RO Convenția de la Dublin
SK Dublinský dohovor
SL Dublinska konvencija
SV Dublinkonventionen
NO Dublin-konvensjonen
KA დუბლინის კონვენცია
UK Дублінська конвенція
HY
160
Դուբլինի Համաձայնություն (Կոնվեցիա)
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
Dublin criteria
BG критерии по Регламента „Дъблин“
CS Dublinská kritéria
DE Dublin-Kriterien / Dublin-Zuständigkeitskritierien
EL Κριτήρια του Κανονισμού Δουβλίνου
EN Dublin criteria
ES criterios del Reglamento de Dublín / criterios de
responsabilidad
ET Dublini kriteeriumid
FI Dublin-perusteet
C
D
Definition(s)
Objective criteria applied hierarchically in order to
determine the (EU) Member State responsible for
the examination of an application for international
protection on the basis of the situation obtaining
when a third-country national or stateless
person first lodged the application within an
(EU) Member State, as laid down in chapter III
of Regulation(EU) No 604/2013 (Dublin III Regulation).
Source(s)
E
F
G
H
I
HR dublinski kriterij
Derived by EMN from Chapter III of Regulation (EU) No
604/2013 (Dublin III Regulation) and
the entry of ‘Dublin criteria’ in the IATE terminology
database
HU dublini kritériumok / felelősségi feltételek
Synonym(s)
K
FR critères de Dublin
GA critéir Bhaile Átha Cliath
IT Criteri di determinazione dello Stato competente ai
sensi del Regolamento Dublino
LT Dublino reglamento kriterijai
Dublin responsibility criteria
responsibility criteria in the context of the Dublin
Regulation
LV Dublinas kritēriji
J
L
Broader term(s)
MT riterji ta’ Dublin / kriterji ta’ responsabbiltà
Dublin Regulation
M
NL Dublin criteria
Related term(s)
N
PL kryteria dublińskie / kryteria ustalania
odpowiedzialności
Dublin procedure
Dublin transfer
PT critérios de Dublin
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
RO criterii Dublin / criterii de responsabilitate
SK dublinské kritériá
SL dublinska merila
SV Dublinkriterier
NO Dublin-kriterier
KA დუბლინის კონვენციით განსაზღვრული
კრიტერიუმები
UK Дублінські критерії
HY
Դուբլինի կանոնակարգման չափանիշներ
O
6.2.2 Dublin Procedure
P
Euro Voc Classification
1011 European Union law| 2811 migration
Q
Note(s)
R
1. The criteria for establishing responsibility are, in hierarchical order:
family considerations (protection of unaccompanied minors and
family unity);
recent possession of visa or residence permits in an EU Member State
and
whether the applicant coming from a third country has entered EU
irregularly, or regularly.
Pursuant to Art. 7 of Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 (Dublin III
Regulation) the criteria must be applied in order in which they are set out
in chapter 3. This means that a higher article number (e.g. Article 9)
cannot be applied if a lower article number is already applicable (e.g.
Article 8).
2. The evaluation of the Dublin III Regulation showed however, that
despite family unity criteria being at the top of the hierarchy, the criteria
most often used in practice are those related to documentation and first
country of entry (Art. 12 and 13 of Dublin III Regulation). For more
information see: DG Migration and Home Affairs:Evaluation of the Dublin
III Regulation, final report, 18 March 2016.
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
161
Dublin procedure
BG Дъблинска процедура / процедура за определяне
на държавата членка, компетентна за
разглеждането на молба за международна
закрила
Definition(s)
EL διαδικασία του Δουβλίνου
The process of determining the EU Member
State responsible for examining an application
for international protection lodged in one
of the EU Member States by a third-country
national under Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 (Dublin III
Regulation) .
EN Dublin procedure
Source(s)
CS dublinské řízení
DE Dublin-Verfahren
ES Procedimiento de Dublin
ET Dublini menetlus
FI Dublin-menettely
Derived by EMN from Art. 20 of Regulation (EU) No
604/2013 (Dublin III Regulation)
Related term(s)
HU dublini eljárás
Dublin Convention
Dublin Regulation
Dublin transfer
Eurodac
transfer order
IT procedura Dublino
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
FR procédure de Dublin
GA nós imeachta Bhaile Átha Cliath
HR dublinski postupak
LT procedūra pagal Dublino reglamentą
LV Dublinas procedūra
MT Proċedura (Il-) ta’ Dublin
6.2.2 Dublin Procedure
Euro Voc Classification
1011 European Union law| 2811 migration
NL Dublinprocedure
PL procedura dublińska
PT procedimento de Dublin
RO sistemul Dublin / procedura Dublin
SK dublinské konanie
SL dublinski postopek
SV Dublinprocess
NO Dublin-prosedyren
KA დუბლინის პროცედურა
UK Дублінська процедура
HY
162
Դուբլինի Գործընթաց
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
Dublin Regulation
BG Регламент „Дъблин“
CS Dublinské nařízení
DE Dublin-Verordnung
EL Κανονισμός του Δουβλίνου
EN Dublin Regulation
ES Reglamento de Dublín
ET Dublini määrus
FI Dublin-asetus
FR règlement Dublin
C
D
Definition(s)
Regulation which lays down the criteria and mechanisms
for determining the (EU) Member State responsible
for examining an application for international
protection lodged in one of the (EU) Member States by
a third-country national or a stateless person.
Source(s)
Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 (Dublin III Regulation)
E
F
G
H
Narrower term(s)
I
HU dublini rendelet
Dublin criteria
Dublin procedure
Dublin transfer
transfer order
IT Regolamento Dublino
Related term(s)
K
GA Rialachán Bhaile Átha Cliath
HR Dublinska uredba
LT Dublino reglamentas
LV Dublinas regula
MT Regolament (Ir-) ta’ Dublin
NL Dublinverordening
PL Rozporządzenie Dublińskie
PT Regulamento de Dublin
RO Regulamentul Dublin
SK dublinské nariadenie
SL Dublinska uredba
SV Dublinförordningen
NO Dublin-forordningen (b); Dublin-forordninga (n)
KA დუბლინის რეგულაცია
J
asylum shopping
Dublin Convention
Eurodac
L
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
M
Euro Voc Classification
N
6.2.2 Dublin Procedure
1011 European Union law| 2811 migration
O
Note(s)
1. The Dublin Regulation entered into force on 1 January 2014 and is
binding on all EU Member States, as well as on the four Schengen
Associated States CH, IC, LI and NO.
2. For more information on the Dublin Regulation, see the description on
the DG HOME and Migration website
Q
R
UK Дублінський регламент
HY
P
Դուբլինի Կանոնակարգ
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
163
Dublin transfer
BG прехвърляне по Регламента „Дъблин“
CS transfer podle dublinského nařízení
DE Übertragung der Zuständigkeit; Dublin-Überstellung /
Überstellung nach der Dublin-Verordnung
EL μεταφορά στο πλαίσιο του Κανονισμού του Δουβλίνου
EN Dublin transfer
ES Decisión de traslado según el procedimiento de
Dublín
ET Dublini üleandmine/Dublini määruse alusel
üleandmine
Definition(s)
1. The transfer of responsibility for the examination
of the merits of an application for international
protection from one (EU) Member State to another (EU)
Member State.
2. The (physical) transfer of an applicant to the (EU)
Member State who is considered to be responsible
for examining the merits of an application following
a Dublin procedure.
Source(s)
GA aistriú Bhaile Átha Cliath
(a) Derived by EMN from Art. 17(2) and 19(1) of
Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 (Dublin III Regulation)
(b) Derived by EMN from Art. 29 of Regulation (EU) No
604/2013 (Dublin III Regulation)
HR dublinski transfer
Broader term(s)
FI Dublin-asetuksen mukainen siirto
FR transfert Dublin
HU dublini transzfer
Dublin Regulation
IT Trasferimento Dublino
Narrower term(s)
LT perdavimas pagal Dublino reglamentą
LV personas pārsūtīšana saskaņā ar Dublinas regulu
MT Trasferiment skont il-proċedura ta’ Dublin
NL Dublinoverdracht
PL przekazanie w ramach procedury dublińskiej
PT transferência ao abrigo do Regulamento de Dublin
RO transfer efectuat în temeiul Regulamentului Dublin
SK odovzdanie (EU acquis) / dublinský transfer
SL prenos odgovornosti / predaja po Dublinski uredbi
SV Dublinöverföring
NO Dublin-overføring (av ansvar)
KA გადაცემა/გადაყვანა დუბლინის რეგულაციის
შესაბამისად
UK Трансфер за Дублінським регламентом
HY
164
Դուբլինի կանոնակարգման համաձայն փոխանցում
take back request
take charge request
transfer order
Related term(s)
Dublin criteria
Dublin procedure
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
6.2.2 Dublin Procedure
Euro Voc Classification
1011 European Union law| 2811 migration
Note(s)
1. The determination of the (EU) Member State responsible for examining
an application for international protection is done on the basis of objective
and hierarchical criteria, as laid out in Chapter III of Regulation (EU) No
604/2013 (Dublin III Regulation) .
2. In order to implement a Dublin transfer, a transfer request is issued
which is defined as follows: formal procedure in which an (EU) Member
State carrying out the process of determining the (EU) Member State
responsible submits a request for the transfer of an applicant for
international protection to the (EU) Member State designated deemed
responsible, after acceptance of a take charge or take back request.
3. For more information on the Dublin Regulation, see the description on
the DG Home and Migration website.
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
durable solutions
BG трайни решения
CS trvalá řešení
C
D
Definition(s)
Any means by which the situation of forced migrants
(displaced persons, refugees, applicants for
international protection, internally displaced
persons, vulnerable irregular migrants) can be
satisfactorily and permanently resolved to enable
them to lead an independent life in their country of
origin, host country or the country of return.
E
Source(s)
H
GA buanréitigh; réitigh mharthanacha (uatha:
buanréiteach; réiteach marthanach)
Narrower term(s)
I
HR trajna rješenja
Related term(s)
J
DE dauerhafte Lösungen
EL βιώσιμες λύσεις
EN durable solutions
ES soluciones duraderas
ET püsivad lahendused
FI kestävät ratkaisut
FR solutions durables
Derived by EMN from UNHCR Master Glossary of Terms
resettlement
HU fenntartható megoldások
relocation
IT soluzioni durevoli
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
LT ilgalaikiai sprendimai
LV ilgtspējīgi risinājumi
MT Soluzzjonijiet dewwiema / li jibqgħu fis-seħħ
NL duurzame oplossingen
PL trwałe rozwiązania
PT soluções duradouras
RO solutii durabile
SK trvalé riešenia / trvácne riešenia (depending on the
context)
SL trajne rešitve
SV hållbara lösningar
NO varige løsninger (b); varige løysingar (n)
KA (პრობლემის) გრძელვადიანი გადაწყვეტა
UK довгострокові рішення
HY
կայուն լուծումներ
F
G
K
4. International Protection and other Types of Protection|
14.3 Social factors and impacts (such as changes in
demographics, age, education level, diversity)
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration
L
M
N
Note(s)
1.The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) traditionally focuses on the protection of refugees and pursues the durable
solutions of voluntary repatriation into the country of origin, local integration into the host country and resettlement to a safe third country.
2. Voluntary repatriation/return of refugees into their country of origin, in
safety and dignity, is based on their free will and an informed decision.
3. Local integration is aiming at providing the refugee with the permanent
right to stay in the country of asylum. It follows the formal granting
of refugee status by the country of asylum. In the EU context, the right
to stay is temporary depending on the protection status (refugee status at
least three years, subsidiary protection status at least one year).
4. Resettlement to a third country involves the assisted transfer of
refugees from the country in which they have sought asylum to a safe
third country that has agreed to admit them as refugees. This can be for
permanent settlement or limited to a certain number of years. It is the
third durable solution and it can only be considered once the two other
solutions have proved impossible.
5. The European Union uses the concept of ‘durable solution’ in a narrower
context. The EU resettlement framework provides for safe and legal
pathways to the EU for vulnerable refugees whose need for international protection has been recognised and facilitates resettlement as a
durable solution to those refugees that have no opportunity for voluntary
return or local integration in the country of first asylum. For further
information see European Commission: Communication on the managed
entry in the EU of persons in need of international protection and the
enhancement of the protection capacity of the regions of origin;
‘improving access to durable solutions’, COM(2004) 410 final.
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
165
Eastern Partnership (EAP)
BG Източно партньорство
CS Východní partnerství
DE Östliche Partnerschaft
EL Aνατολική Εταιρική Σχέση
EN Eastern Partnership (EAP)
ES Asociación Oriental
Definition(s)
An institutionalised forum for EU cooperation with its
Eastern neighbours whose main goal is to create the
necessary conditions to accelerate political association
and further economic integration.
Source(s)
ET idapartnerlus
Description of the Eastern Partnership on the Website of
the European Union External Action
FI itäinen kumppanuus
Synonym(s)
FR Partenariat oriental
GA Comhpháirtíocht an Oirthir
EAP
Söderköping Process
HR Istočno partnerstvo
Broader term(s)
HU Keleti Partnerség
IT Partenariato Orientale
European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP)
Related term(s)
LV Austrumu partnerība
Black Sea Synergy
Euro-Mediterranean Partnership (EUROMED)
MT Sħubija mal-Lvant
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
LT Rytų partnerystė
NL Oostelijk Partnerschap
15.1 EU External dimension of migration and mobility
PL Partnerstwo Wschodnie
Euro Voc Classification
PT Parceria Oriental
RO Parteneriatul Estic
SK Východné partnerstvo (EAP)
SL Vzhodno partnerstvo
SV östliga partnerskapet
NO Det østlige partnerskapet (b); Det austlege
partnarskapet (n)
KA აღმოსავლეთი პარტნიორობა (EaP)
UK Східне партнерство (СП)
HY
166
Արևելյան գործընկերություն
10 European Union
Note(s)
1. Within the context of the Eastern Partnership Platform 1 (democracy,
good governance and stability), the Eastern Partnership Panel on Migration
and Asylum (EaP) was created in 2011. The overall objective of the Panel
is to strengthen the asylum and migration systems of Eastern partners
and advance the dialogue on migration and asylum issues between the
Eastern partners and the EU, as well as amongst the Eastern partners.
2. The precursor of the EaP was the Söderköping Process, which was
launched in May 2001 as a cross-border cooperation on asylum and
migration in order to respond to new challenges due to the EU’s
enlargement eastwards. With the establishment of the Panel on Migration
and Asylum within the Eastern Partnership’s Platform 1, the work of the
Söderköping Process is being carried on within the multilateral dimension
of the Eastern Partnership.
3. For more information, see the website of the EaP.
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
economic migrant
BG иконимически мигрант
CS ekonomický migrant
DE Wirtschaftsmigrant / Migrant aus wirtschaftlichen
Gründen
EL οικονομικός μετανάστης
EN economic migrant
ES persona migrante por motivos económicos
ET majandusmigrant
FI taloudellisten syiden vuoksi muuttava henkilö
FR migrant économique
GA imirceach eacnamaíoch
HR ekonomski migrant
HU gazdasági migráns
IT migrante economico
LT ekonominis migrantas
LV ekonomiskais migrants
MT Migrant(a) għal raġunijiet ekonomiċi
NL economische migrant
PL migrant ekonomiczny
PT migrante económico
C
D
Definition(s)
A person who leaves their country of origin purely
for economic reasons that are not in any way related
to the refugee definition, in order to seek material
improvements in their livelihood.
E
Source(s)
G
Synonym(s)
H
Broader term(s)
I
Narrower term(s)
J
F
UNHCR Master Glossary of Terms
economic refugee
migrant
guest worker
migrant worker
K
Related term(s)
L
economic migration
managed migration
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
M
Euro Voc Classification
N
3.1 Migration for Economic Purposes
2811 migration
O
RO migrant economic
SK ekonomický migrant
SL ekonomski migrant
SV ekonomisk migrant
NO økonomisk migrant
KA ეკონომიკური მიგრანტი
Note(s)
1. Economic migrants do not fall within the criteria for refugee
status and are therefore not entitled to benefit from international
protection as refugees.
2. Economic migrants are sometimes referred to as economic refugees,
but this is a misuse of the term ‘refugee’.
Q
R
UK економічний мігрант
HY
P
S
տնտեսական միգրանտ
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
167
economic migration
BG икономическа миграция
CS ekonomická migrace
DE Wirtschaftsmigration / Migration aus wirtschaftlichen
Gründen
EL οικονομική μετανάστευση
Definition(s)
Migration mainly for economic reasons or in order to
seek material improvements to livelihood.
Source(s)
EN economic migration
Derived by EMN from the definition of economic migrant
in the UNHCR Master Glossary of Terms
ES migración económica
Broader term(s)
ET majandusränne
migration
FI taloudellisista syistä tapahtuva muuttoliike
Narrower term(s)
FR migration économique
labour migration
GA imirce eacnamaíoch
Related term(s)
HR ekonomske migracije
HU gazdasági (célú) migráció
IT migrazione economica
LT ekonominė migracija
LV ekonomiskā migrācija
MT Migrazzjoni għal raġunijiet ekonomiċi
NL economische migratie
economic migrant
forced migration
managed migration
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
3.1 Migration for Economic Purposes
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration
PL migracja ekonomiczna
PT migração económica
RO migraţie economică
SK ekonomická migrácia
SL ekonomske migracije
SV ekonomisk migration
NO økonomisk migrasjon
KA ეკონომიკური მიგრაცია
UK економічна міграція
HY
168
տնտեսական միգրացիա
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
emergency response system
BG система за реакция при кризи
C
D
Definition(s)
CS systém reakce na mimořádné události
DE Notfallsystem; Notfallklausel (EU acquis)
EL σύστημα απόκρισης σε καταστάσεις έκτακτης ανάγκης
EN emergency response system
ES Sistema de respuesta de emergencia
ET hädaolukordadele reageerimise süsteem
FI hätäapujärjestelmä
Provisional measures in the event of EU Member
State(s) being confronted with an emergency situation
characterised by a sudden inflow of third-country
nationals including a distribution mechanism
for asylum seekers in clear need of international
protection to ensure a fair and balanced participation
of all EU Member States.
E
Source(s)
H
Derived by EMN from Art. 78(3) TFEU and
the European Agenda on Migration: Glossary, facts and
figures
FR mécanisme d’intervention d’urgence
GA córas freagartha éigeandála
HR sustav za odgovor na izvanredne situacije
HU veszélyhelyzeti reagálási mechanizmus
IT sistema di risposta all’emergenza
LV ārkārtas reaģēšanas sistēma
Narrower term(s)
K
Related term(s)
L
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
M
relocation
NL noodmaatregelmechanisme
PL mechanizm interwencji kryzysowej
4. International Protection and other Types of Protection
PT mecanismo de recolocação de emergência
Euro Voc Classification
RO sistem de intervenție de urgență
SV nödsituationssystem
NO nødinnsatssystem
KA გადაუდებელი რეაგირების სისტემა
UK система екстреного реагування
HY
շտապ իրավիճակների արձագանքման համակարգ
N
2811 migration
O
Note(s)
P
SK systém núdzovej pripravenosti
SL sistem odzivanja na izredne razmere
I
J
emergency relocation plan
MT Sistema ta’ rispons / ta’ intervent f’emerġenza
G
Synonym(s)
emergency relocation
LT skubaus atsako sistema
F
1. These provisional measures are envisaged under Art.78 (3) of the
Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union.
2. Under the distribution mechanism the receiving EU Member State will
be responsible for the examination of an application for international
protection in accordance with established rules and guarantees. The EU
Commission has defined a redistribution key based on criteria such as
GDP, size of population, unemployment rate and past numbers of asylum
seekers.
3. The European Union Agency for Asylum (EUAA) uses the term
‹contingency plan› to refer to national plans detailing special measures to
be taken in the event of a mass influx of migrants. This may be limited
to the national asylum system or to migrants more generally.
4. Art. 33 of Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 (Dublin III Regulation) provides
for two types of Member State emergency responses: “preventative action
plans”, which should be operationalised when particular pressure on a
Member State›s asylum system and/or problems in its functioning may
jeopardise the application of the Dublin Regulation, and ‹crisis
management action plans›, which should be operationalised if the
‹preventative action plan› does not remedy the problem.
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
169
emigrant
BG емигрант
CS vystěhovalec / emigrant
DE Abwanderer / Auswanderer / Emigrant
EL απόδημος / εξερχόμενος μετανάστης
EN emigrant
ES emigrante
ET väljarändaja
FI maastamuuttaja
FR émigrant
Definition(s)
In the global context, a resident (national or alien)
departing or exiting from one State intending to remain
abroad for a period exceeding one year.
In the EU context, a person who, having previously
been usually resident in the territory of an EU Member
State, ceases to have their usual residence in that EU
Member State for a period that is, or is expected to be,
of at least 12 months.
Source(s)
HU emigráns / kivándorló
Global context: UN Recommendations on Statistics of
International Migration
EU context: Art. 2(c) and (g) of Regulation (EC) No
862/2007 (Migration Statistics Regulation)
IT emigrante
Broader term(s)
GA eisimirceach
HR iseljenik/emigrant
LT emigrantas
migrant
LV emigrants
Related term(s)
MT Emigrant(a)
NL emigrant
PL emigrant
PT emigrante
RO emigrant
SK vysťahovalec / emigrant
SL izseljenec /emigrant
SV utvandrare
NO utvandrer
KA ემიგრანტი
UK емігрант
HY
170
արտագաղթող (էմիգրանտ)
immigrant
emigration
short-term migrant
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
3. Legal Migration
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration
Note(s)
1. National legislation might understand different time limits in their
definitions.
2. For the country of origin a person who leaves the country is an
emigrant, for the country of destination, the same person is
an immigrant,
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
emigration
BG емиграция
CS vystěhovalectví / emigrace
DE Abwanderung / Auswanderung / Emigration
EL αποδημία / μετανάστευση
EN emigration
ES emigración
ET väljaränne
FI maastamuutto
FR émigration
GA eisimirce
C
D
Definition(s)
In the global context, the act of departing or exiting
from one State with the intention to remain abroad for a
period exceeding one year.
In the EU context, the action by which a person, having
previously been usually resident in the territory of an EU
Member State, ceases to have their usual residence in
that EU Member State or another EU Member State
for a period that is, or is expected to be, of at least 12
months.
E
Source(s)
I
IT emigrazione
Global context: UN Recommendations on Statistics of
International Migration
EU context: Art. 2(c) and (g) of Regulation (EC) No
862/2007 (Migration Statistics Regulation)
LT emigracija
Broader term(s)
HR iseljavanje
HU emigráció / kivándorlás
LV emigrācija
MT Emigrazzjoni
NL emigratie
PL emigracja
PT emigração
RO emigraţie
SK vysťahovalectvo / emigrácia
SL izseljevanje /emigracija
migration
G
H
J
K
L
Related term(s)
emigrant
immigration
M
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
N
Euro Voc Classification
O
3. Legal Migration
2811 migration
P
SV utvandring
NO utvandring
Q
KA ემიგრაცია
R
UK еміграція
HY
F
արտագաղթ (էմիգրացիա)
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
171
employee
BG работник
CS zaměstnanec
DE Arbeitnehmer
EL εργαζόμενος / υπάλληλος
EN employee
ES empleado
ET töötaja
FI työntekijä
FR salarié
GA fostaí
HR zaposlenik
HU alkalmazott / munkavállaló
IT lavoratore dipendente
LT darbuotojas
LV darba ņēmējs / darbinieks
MT Impjegat(a)
NL werknemer
Definition(s)
Worker holding an explicit or implicit employment
contract, which gives them a basic remuneration that is
not directly dependent upon the revenue of the unit for
which they work.
Source(s)
ILO Thesaurus
Related term(s)
employer
employment
self-employed person
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
3.1 Migration for Economic Purposes| 14.2 Economic
factors and impacts (such as brain drain/gain,
employment/ unemployment, labour market, economic
growth, dumping)
Euro Voc Classification
4406 employment
PL pracownik
PT empregado
RO angajat
SK zamestnanec
SL zaposleni / delavec
SV anställd
NO ansatt (b); tilsett (n)
KA დასაქმებული
UK працівник
HY
172
աշխատող
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
employer
BG работодател
CS zaměstnavatel
DE Arbeitgeber
EL εργοδότης
EN employer
ES empleador
ET tööandja
FI työnantaja
FR employeur
GA fostóir
HR poslodavac
HU munkáltató
IT datore di lavoro
LT darbdavys
LV darba devējs
MT Min iħaddem / Min jimpjega
NL werkgever
C
D
Definition(s)
Any natural person or any legal entity, including
temporary work agencies, for or under the direction and /
or supervision of whom the employment is undertaken.
Source(s)
F
Art. 2(e) of Council Directive 2009/52/EC (Employer
Sanctions Directive)
G
Related term(s)
H
employee
employment
self-employed person
I
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
3.1 Migration for Economic Purposes| 14.2 Economic
factors and impacts (such as brain drain/gain,
employment/ unemployment, labour market, economic
growth, dumping)
Euro Voc Classification
4406 employment
J
K
L
M
PL pracodawca
N
PT empregador
RO angajator
O
SK zamestnávateľ
SL delodajalec
P
SV arbetsgivare
NO arbeidsgiver (b); arbeidsgjevar (n)
Q
KA დამსაქმებელი
R
UK роботодавець
HY
E
գործատու
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
173
employer sanction
BG санкция на работодателя
CS sankce vůči zaměstnavateli
DE Arbeitgebersanktion / Sanktion gegen einen
Arbeitgeber
EL κύρωση κατά των εργοδοτών
EN employer sanction
ES sanción al empleador
ET sanktsioonid tööandjale
FI työnantajalle määrättävä seuraamus
Definition(s)
In the migration context, penalties, including fines,
repayments to victims / the State and incarceration,
imposed on employers by the EU Member State for
breaking employment and / or migration rules.
Source(s)
Derived by EMN from Art. 5 and 7 of Council Directive
2009/52/EC (Employers Sanctions Directive)
Related term(s)
FR sanction à l’encontre d’un employeur
illegal employment of an illegally staying third-country
national
GA smachtbhanna in aghaidh fostóra
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
HR sankcija za poslodavca
HU munkáltatók elleni szankciók
IT sanzione nei confronti del datore di lavoro
LT sankcijos darbdaviui
LV darba devējam piemērojamās sankcijas
MT Sanzjoni fuq min iħaddem / jimpjega
3.1 Migration for Economic Purposes| 14.2 Economic
factors and impacts (such as brain drain/gain,
employment/ unemployment, labour market, economic
growth, dumping)
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration| 4406 employment
NL sancties tegen werkgevers
PL sankcja wobec pracodawcy
PT sanção aplicada ao empregador
RO sancţiune aplicată angajatorului
SK sankcie voči zamestnávateľovi
SL sankcije zoper delodajalca
SV sanktion mot arbetsgivare
NO sanksjon mot arbeidsgiver (b); sanksjon mot
arbeidsgjevar (n)
KA სანქცია დამსაქმებლის მიმართ
UK санкції щодо роботодавця
HY
174
գործատուի նկատմամբ կիրառվող տույժեր
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
employment
BG заетост
CS zaměstnání
DE Beschäftigung
EL απασχόληση / εργασία
EN employment
ES empleo
C
The exercise of activities covering whatever form
of labour or work regulated under national law or in
accordance with established practice for or under the
direction and / or supervision of an employer.
E
Source(s)
G
ET töötamine
Art. 2 (c) of Council Directive 2009/52/EC (Employer
Sanctions Directive)
FI työnteko
Related term(s)
FR emploi
HR zapošljavanje
employee
employer
occupation
HU foglalkoztatás
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
GA fostaíocht
IT lavoro / impiego
LT darbas
LV nodarbinātība
MT Impjieg / Xogħol
NL tewerkstelling
D
Definition(s)
F
H
I
J
3.1 Migration for Economic Purposes| 14.2 Economic
factors and impacts (such as brain drain/gain,
employment/ unemployment, labour market, economic
growth, dumping)
Euro Voc Classification
L
M
4406 employment
PL zatrudnienie
N
PT emprego
RO angajare
O
SK zamestnanie
SL zaposlovanje
P
SV anställning
NO sysselsetting (b); sysselsetjing (n)
Q
KA დასაქმება
R
UK працевлаштування
HY
K
զբաղվածություն
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
175
enforcement measure
BG принудителна мярка
CS výkon rozhodnutí / výkonné opatření
Definition(s)
DE Vollstreckungsmaßnahme
Any measure taken by the enforcing EU Member State
with a view to implementing an expulsion decision.
EL εκτελεστικό μέτρο
Source(s)
EN enforcement measure
ES medida de ejecución
ET sunnimeede
FI täytäntöönpanotoimenpide
FR mesure d’exécution
GA beart forfheidhmiúcháin
HR izvršna mjera
HU végrehajtási intézkedés
IT misura di esecuzione
LT vykdymo priemonė
LV izpildes pasākums
Art. 2(c) of Council Directive 2001/40/EC (Expulsion
Directive)
Related term(s)
expulsion
expulsion decision
return decision
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration
Note(s)
In IE, this phrase is used in a more global sense for all forms of removal.
MT Miżura ta’ infurzar
NL uitvoeringsmaatregel
PL środek wykonawczy
PT medida de execução
RO măsură de aplicare
SK vykonávacie opatrenie
SL izvršilni ukrep
SV verkställighetsåtgärd
NO iverksettelsestiltak (b); iverksetjingstiltak (n)
KA აღსრულების ღონისძიება
UK захід примусового виконання
HY
176
հարկադիր կատարման միջոց
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
entry ban
C
BG забрана за влизане
CS zákaz vstupu
DE Einreiseverbot
EL απαγόρευση εισόδου
EN entry ban
ES prohibición de entrada
An administrative or judicial decision or act prohibiting
entry into and stay in the territory of the EU Member
States for a specified period, accompanying a return
decision.
E
Source(s)
G
ET sissesõidukeeld
Art. 3(6) of Council Directive 2008/115/EC (Return
Directive)
FI maahantulokielto
Synonym(s)
FR interdiction d’entrée (EU acquis, BE, LU); interdiction
d’entrée sur le territoire (LU); interdiction de retour sur
le territoire (IRTF) (FR)
GA toirmeasc ar iontráil
D
Definition(s)
H
re-entry ban
I
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration
J
HR zabrana ulaska i boravka
K
HU beutazási tilalom
IT divieto di ingresso
L
LT draudimas atvykti
LV ieceļošanas aizliegums
M
MT Dħul miżmum // Inibizzjoni fuq id-dħul
NL inreisverbod
N
PL zakaz wjazdu
O
PT interdição de entrada
RO interdicţie de intrare
P
SK zákaz vstupu
SL prepoved vstopa
Q
SV inreseförbud
NO innreiseforbud (b); innreiseforbod (n)
R
KA შესვლის აკრძალვა
UK заборона на в’їзд
HY
F
S
մուտքի արգելք
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
177
Entry/Exit System (EES)
BG Система вход/изход
CS Systém vstupu/výstupu
DE Einreise-/Ausreisesystem
EL σύστημα εισόδου/εξόδου
EN Entry/Exit System (EES)
ES Sistema de Entradas y Salidas
ET riiki sisenemise ja riigist lahkumise süsteem
FI rajanylitystietojärjestelmä (EES)
FR système d’entrée/sortie (EES)
GA Córas dul isteach/imeachta
HR Sustav ulaska/izaska (EES)
HU határregisztrációs rendszer (EES)
Definition(s)
System which registers entry and exit data and refusal
of entry data of third-country nationals crossing the
external borders of the Schengen States.
Source(s)
Derived by EMN from Regulation (EU) 2017/2226
(Regulation establishing an Entry/Exit System (EES))
Synonym(s)
EES
Broader term(s)
Smart Borders Package
Related term(s)
IT Sistema di ingres-si/uscite
European Travel Information and Authorisation System
(ETIAS)
LT Atvykimo ir išvykimo sistema
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
LV ieceļošanas/izceļošanas sistēma
MT Sistema ta’ Dħu/ta’ Ħruġ
NL inreis-uitreissysteem
PL System Wjazdu/Wyjazdu
PT Sistema de Entrada/Saída
RO sistem de intrare/ieșire
SK systém vstupu/výstupu (EES)
SL sistem vstopa/izstopa
SV in- och utresesystem
NO ankomst-/avreisesystem (b); innkomst-/avreisesystem
(n)
KA შესვლა-გასვლის სისტემა (EES)
UK Система в’їзду/виїзду (EES)
HY
178
մուտքի / ելքի համակարգ
6.1.3 Schengen governance
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration
Note(s)
1. The EES aims to improve the management of external borders, to
reduce irregular migration by addressing the phenomenon of
overstaying, and to facilitate the management of migration flows. In
addition, it aims to contribute to the fight against terrorism and serious
crime and to ensure a high level of internal security.
2. The EES applies to third-country nationals, both those requiring a visa
and those visa-exempt, admitted for a short stay of 90 days in any
180-day period. It also applies to those that have been refused entry. It
stores information on their identity and on their travel documents, as
well as certain biometric data.
3. The Regulation determines the conditions of access to the system for
law enforcement purposes. The information stored in the EES is accessible
to border authorities, visa authorities and the authorities within the
Schengen Member States competent to check if a third-country national
fulfils the conditions of entry or stay. The data are also available to the
designated authorities and Europol, to prevent, detect and investigate
terrorist offences or other serious crimes, according to conditions as set
out in the regulation.
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
179
environmental migrant
BG
CS environmentální migrant
Definition(s)
ES migrante por motivos medioambientales
A person who, for compelling reasons of sudden or
progressive changes in the environment that adversely
affect their life or living conditions, is obliged to
leave their habitual home, or chooses to do so, either
temporarily or permanently, and who moves either
within their country or across an international border.
ET keskkonnapõgenik
Source(s)
DE Umweltmigrant
EL περιβαλλοντικός μετανάστης
EN environmental migrant
FI ilmastosiirtolainen/ilmastomuuttaja (no established
translation)
Derived by EMN from IOM: Environmental Migrants and
Global Governance: Facts, Policies and Practices, 2017
FR migrant environnemental
Broader term(s)
GA
migrant
HR migrant zbog klimatskih promjena
Related term(s)
HU környezeti migráns
environmentally displaced person
IT migrante ambientale
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
LT aplinkos pokyčio migrantas
LV vides migrants
MT Migrant/a ambjentali
NL
PL migrant klimatyczny
PT migrante ambiental
RO migrant de mediu
SK environmentálny migrant
SL okoljski migrant
SV miljömigrant
NO miljømigrant
KA ეკოლოგიური მიგრანტი
UK екологічний мігрант
HY
180
3.4 Migration for other Reasons| 14.5 Environmental
factors and Impacts
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration| 52 Environment
Note(s)
1. There is currently no international agreement on the terminology used
to describe persons or groups of persons that move for environment-related reasons.
2. Environmental migration is often caused by multiple factors, making the
cause-consequence relationships complex and multifactorial. The different
degrees of force and influencing factors make it challenging to categorise
these movements as either migration or displacement, particularly in
the case of people fleeing disasters and environmental degradation. The
selected IOM definition is deliberately broad and flexible in order to
account for the diverse range of population movements due to all types
of environmental drivers. It includes different forms of environmental
movements: forced displacement and voluntary (anticipatory) migration,
temporary and permanent, internal and international, individual and
collective, of proximity and of long distance. The nature, duration and
scale of environmental migration also depends on whether it takes place
in the context of slow-onset events and processes (sea level rise,
increasing temperatures, land degradation, etc) or sudden-onset events
and processes (floods, cyclones, storms, etc.) or human-made environmental degradation (such as deforestation, pollution) and disasters (such as
nuclear or industrial accidents) that are exacerbated by the adverse
effects of climate change and environmental degradation.
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
C
D
3. A distinction is made between environmental migrants and environmentally displaced persons. The latter refers to individuals forced to
migrate due to sudden-onset events, gradual or slow-onset climate
change, or human-induced environmental degradation and disasters.
This forced migration occurs when the scale of the impact of the
environmental disaster exceeds the ability of the affected community or
society to cope with it using its own resources. This definition of disaster
from the Nansen Initiative serves as the basis for distinguishing between
environmental displacement and migration. Crucial to the distinction is the
strict categorisation of environmentally displaced persons in the context
of forced migration, which is consistent with the definition of
displacement. For more information see:
IOM: Environmental Migrants and Global Governance:Facts, Policies and
Practices, 2017.
4. While some sources refer to environmentally displaced persons as
environmental refugees, this is considered to be a misuse of the term
‘refugee’ as they do not meet the definition of refugees in the strict
sense of Art. 1A of the Geneva Refugee Convention and Protocol. For
more information see: UNHCR: Legal considerations regarding claims for
international protection made in the context of the adverse effects of
climate change and disasters, 2020.
5. For more information see: Council of Europe, Parliamentary Assembly:
Environmentally induced migration and displacement: a 21st-century
challenge,- Resolution 1655 (2009) and EMN inform: Displacement and
migration related to disasters, climate change and environmental
degradation, 2023.
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
181
environmentally displaced person
BG разселено лице по екологични причини
CS environmentální uprchlík
Definition(s)
DE Umweltvertriebener
A person subject to forced migration as a result of
sudden, drastic environmental changes.
EL εκτοπισμένο άτομο για περιβαλλοντικούς λόγους
Source(s)
EN environmentally displaced person
ES población desplazada por motivos medioambientales
ET keskkonnapõhjustel ümberasustatud isik
FI ympäristötekijöiden vuoksi siirtymään joutunut
henkilö (not in general use)
FR personne déplacée pour des raisons
environnementales
GA duine easáitithe de dheasca dálaí comhshaoil
HR osoba raseljena zbog ekoloških razloga
Derived by EMN from the definition for ‘environmental
refugee’ in the UNHCR International Thesaurus of
Refugee Terminology
Synonym(s)
environmental refugee
environmentally-driven migrant
Broader term(s)
displaced person
environmental migrant
HU lakóhelyét környezeti okból elhagyni kényszerült
személy
Related term(s)
IT sfollato per motivi ambientali
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
LT dėl aplinkos pokyčių priverstas persikelti asmuo
LV vides faktoru ietekmē pārvietota persona
MT Persuna sfollata għal raġunijiet ambjentali
NL door milieufactoren verdreven ontheemde (not
commonly used in NL, BE)
PL osoba przesiedlona w wyniku katastrofy naturalnej
PT deslocado ambiental
RO persoană strămutată din cauze legate de mediul
înconjurător
internally displaced person
1. Framework Concepts on Migration (including root
causes of migration| 14.5 Environmental factors and
Impacts
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration| 5216 deterioration of environment
Note(s)
Environmentally displaced persons are sometimes referred to as
environmental refugees, but this is a misuse of the term ‘refugee’ as they
are not refugees in the strict sense of Art. 1A of the Geneva Refugee
Convention and Protocol, although their migration is forced.
SK osoba vysídlená z environmentálnych dôvodov
SL okoljsko razseljena oseba
SV person som fördrivits på grund av miljökatastrof
NO person fordrevet på grunn av miljøskader (b); person
fordriven på grunn av miljøskader (n)
KA ეკოლოგიური მიზეზებით გადაადგილებული
პირი
UK особа, переміщена з екологічної причини /
екологічний мігрант
HY
182
էկոլոգիական պաճառներով տեղահանված անձ
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
equality of arms
C
BG равни процесуални възможности
D
Definition(s)
CS rovnost zbraní
In the context of international protection and with
regard to access to information, legal or procedural
re-quirement to ensure that an applicant for
international protection, a legal representative and
all higher instances have access to all the information
on which a decision on international protection is based,
to ensure transparency and fairness in international
protection procedures.
DE Waffengleichheit
EL ισότητα των όπλων
EN equality of arms
ES igualdad de armas
ET poolte võrdsus
FI oikeuskeinojen tasapuolisuus
Source(s)
FR égalité des armes
E
F
G
H
I
HU fegyveregyenlőség
Derived by EMN from EUAA-CdT terminology
project, IATE and
ACCORD: Recherching Country of Origin information,
training manual.- 2013 edition, 2013
IT Parità delle armi
GA comhionannas arm
HR jednakost oružja
J
Synonym(s)
LT šalių procesinis lygiateisiškumas
principle of equality of arms
K
LV tiesību vienlīdzība
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
L
MT Aċċess ugwali għall-informazzjoni u d-deċiżjonijiet
NL recht op gelijke proceskansen (NL), wapengelijkheid
(BE)
PL zasada równości praw stron postępowania
PT igualdade de armas
RO egalitatea de arme
SK rovnosť zbraní
SL enakost orožij
SV jämlikhet i medel
NO likeverdige prosessvilkår
KA მხარეთა თანასწორობა
UK рівність сторін
HY
սկզբունք, որը յուրաքանչյուր կողմի թույլ է տալիս
ապահովել արդարացի հավասարություն,
իրավունքների իրացում
2.3 Regional and Transnational (e.g. European
Convention of Human Rights)
M
Euro Voc Classification
12 Law| 1236 rights and freedoms
N
Note(s)
O
1. The concept has been created by the European Court of Human
Rights (ECtHR) in the context of the right to a fair trial (Art.6 of
the European Convention of Human Rights (ECHR). Equality of arms
requires that there be a fair balance between the opportunities afforded
the parties involved in litigation (for example, each party should be able to
call witnesses and cross-examine the witnesses called by the other party).
The principles means that the same procedural rights are to be provided
to all the parties unless distinctions are based on law and can be justified
on objective and reasonable grounds, not entailing actual disadvantage or
other unfairness to the defendant.
2. The European Union has stipulated the right of access to information
for legal assistance of the applicant in Art. 19 of Directive 2013/32/EU
(Recast Asylum Procedures Directive.
3. The application of the principle of equality of arms means that even
restricted information, when used as a basis for findings of fact in the
international protection decision, should be made available to the
applicant and legal representatives.
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
183
establishment of identity
BG установяване на самоличност
CS určení totožnosti jednotlivců v souvislosti s řízením o
mezinárodní ochraně
DE Identitätsfeststellung
EL εξακρίβωση της ταυτότητας
EN establishment of identity
ES determinación de la identidad
ET isikutuvastamine rahvusvahelise kaitse menetluses
FI henkilöllisyyden selvittäminen
FR établissement de l’identité
GA aitheantas daoine faoi chosaint idirnaisiúnta a
dhearbhú
HR utvrđivanje identiteta
HU személyazonosság megállapítása
IT determinazione dell’identità
LT prieglobsčio prašytojo tapatybės nustatymas
LV pieteikuma iesniedzēja, kas lūdz starptautisko
aizsardzību, identitātes noteikšana
MT Konferma tal-identità
Definition(s)
Process which is commonly carried out
for identification and identity-verification purposes
in difference procedures on the basis of a review of
documentary evidence, but which makes use of different
procedures and methods when documentary evidence is
inauthentic, inadequate, insufficient or absent.
Source(s)
Derived by EMN on the basis of the EMN Focussed
Study: Establishing identitiy for international protection:
Challenges and Practices, 2013 and
EMN FOcussed Study: Challenges and practices for
establishing applicants› identity in the migration process,
2017.
Synonym(s)
establishment of identity for international protection
establishment of identity of individuals in international
protection procedures
origin verification
Narrower term(s)
PL ustalenie tożsamości wnioskującego o udzielenie
ochrony międzynarodowej
age assessment
identification
verification of identity
language analysis for the determination of origin (LADO)
PT estabelecimento de identidade
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
NL het vaststellen van de identiteit
RO stabilirea identității
SK zisťovanie totožnosti jednotlivcov na účely
medzinárodnej ochrany
6.3.2. Establishment of identity of applicants for
international protection (incl. examination of documents,
language analysis, age assessment)
SL ugotavljanje istovetnosti / ugotavljanje identitete
Euro Voc Classification
SV fastställande av identitet
12 Law| 2811 migration
NO fastsettelse av identiteten (b) / fastsetjing av
identiteten (n)
KA ვინაობის დადგენა
UK встановлення особи
HY
184
ինքնության հաստատում
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
C
D
Note(s)
E
1. As there is no universally agreed definition of identity and no legal
definition common to all EU Member States, most EU Member States use
practical definitions which at the minimum establish the first name,
surname, sex, date of birth and nationality of the applicant.
2. This definition covers all procedures for which the establishment of
identity is relevant (such as legal migration, visa, border control, international protection, return, residence and work permits, family
reunification and naturalisation.
3. The tools used for the establishment of identity are, e.g. physical-technical examinations of the documents presented, investigations in the
contry of origin via the embassies, DNA test, retinal scanning, taking of
finger prints, language analysis for the determination of origin
(LADO) and age assessment.
4. Identification: The identification procedure/system aims to answer the
question: “Who is this person?’Biometric identification systems are
characterised as 1-to-n matching systems where n is the total number of
biometrics in the database against which the person’s biometric
characteristics are checked. Identification procedures and systems (e.g.
biometric systems) are different from identity verification systems in that
they seek to identify an unknown person or biometric.
5. Identity verification: Identity verification procedures and systems seek
to answer the question: “Is this person who they say they are?’Biometric
verification systems are generally described as 1-to-1 matching systems
because they try to match the biometric presented by the individual
against a specific biometric already on file.
6.The EMN Study ‘Challenges and practices for establishing applicants’
identity in the migration process, 2017’ examines (EU Member) States
approaches to establish the identity of third-country nationals within
the migration process in a broad sense, covering both identification and
identity-verification related tasks.
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
185
ethnic cleansing
BG етничеко прочистване
CS etnická čistka
DE ethnische Säuberung
EL εθνική εκκαθάριση / εθνοκάθαρση
EN ethnic cleansing
ES limpieza étnica
Definition(s)
Rendering an area ethnically homogeneous by using
force or intimidation to remove from a given area
persons of another ethnic or religious group, which is
contrary to international law.
Source(s)
FI etninen puhdistus
UN Security Council: Final Report of the Commission
of Experts established Pursuant to Security Council
Resolution 780 (1992)
FR nettoyage ethnique
Related term(s)
ET etniline puhastus
GA glanadh eitneach
genocide
HR etničko čišćenje
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
HU etnikai tisztogatás
IT pulizia etnica
LT etninis valymas
LV etniskā tīrīšana
MT Tindif etniku
NL etnische zuivering
PL czystki etniczne
PT limpeza étnica
RO purificare etnică
SK etnické čistky
SL etnično čiščenje
SV etnisk rensning
NO etnisk rensing (b); etnisk reinsing (n)
KA ეთნიკური წმენდა
UK етнічна чистка
HY
186
էթնիկ զտում
1. Framework Concepts on Migration (including root
causes of migration| 14. Factors and Impacts of
Migration
Euro Voc Classification
1231 international law
Note(s)
1. General Assembly resolution 47/121: The situation in Bosnia and Herzegowina referred in its Preamble to ‘the abhorrent policy of “ethnic
cleansing”’.
2. Trial Chamber Judgment of 2 August 2001 of the International Criminal
Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) has observed, while ‘there are
obvious similarities between a genocidal policy and the policy commonly
known as “ethnic cleansing”’, yet ‘a clear distinction must be drawn
between physical destruction and mere dissolution of a group. The
expulsion of a group or part of a group does not in itself suffice for
genocide’.
3. These legal documents thus state that crimes committed during an
ethnic cleansing are similar to those of genocide, but while genocide
includes an intent at complete or partial destruction of the target group,
ethnic cleansing may involve murder only to the point of mobilising the
target group out of the territory. Hence, there may be varied degrees of
mass murder in an ethnic cleansing, often subsiding when the target
group appears to be leaving the desired territory, while during genocide
the mass murder is ubiquitous and constant throughout the process,
continuing even while the target group tries to flee.
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
ethnic nationality
BG етническа националност
CS národnost
C
D
Definition(s)
DE ethnische Zugehörigkeit
A synonym of ethnicity or nationality, used in some EU
Member States in addition to citizenship.
E
EL εθνοτική καταγωγή
Source(s)
F
EN ethnic nationality
ES origen étnico
ET rahvus
FI etninen tausta
FR origine ethnique
GA náisiúntacht eitneach
HR nacionalna pripadnost
HU nemzetiség
IT nazionalità etnica
LT tautybė / etninė kilmė
LV tautība
MT Nazzjonalità etnika
NL etniciteit / etnische achtergrond / etnische afkomst
PL narodowość etniczna
PT origem étnica
RO naţionalitate etnică / origine etnică
Towards Harmonised European Statistics on
International Migration (THESIM) project
G
Synonym(s)
ethnicity
nationality
H
Related term(s)
I
citizenship
minority
J
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
K
14. Factors and Impacts of Migration
Euro Voc Classification
1231 international law
L
Note(s)
M
1. Ethnic nationality is often a self-declared adhesion to a specific ethnic
group and this information is collected at a census but also sometimes in
administrative registration.
2.This concept should not be confused with citizenship.
SK národnosť
SL narodnost / etnična pripadnost
O
P
SV tillhörighet till etnisk grupp
NO etnisk tilhørighet (b); etnisk tilhøyrsle (n)
Q
KA ეთნიკური კუთვნილება
R
UK національність
HY
N
էթնիկ ծագում
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
187
EU Action Plan on Return
BG План за действие на ЕС относно връщането
CS Akční plán EU v oblasti navracení
Definition(s)
DE EU-Aktionsplan für die Rückkehr / EU-Aktionsplan für
die Rückführung / EU-Rückkehr-Aktionsplan
A document presenting a series of concrete actions to
enable EU Member States and the European Union to
further improve the effectiveness of their return system.
EL Σχέδιο δράσης της ΕΕ για την επιστροφή
Source(s)
EN EU Action Plan on Return
ES Plan de Acción de la UE para el retorno
ET ELi tagasisaatmisalane tegevuskava
FI Palauttamista koskeva EU:n toimintaohjelma
FR plan d’action de l’UE en matière de retour
GA Plean Gníomhaíochta an Aontais Eorpaigh maidir le
filleadh
HR EU Akcijski plan o vraćanju
HU a visszatérésre vonatkozó uniós cselekvési terv
IT Piano d’Azione dell’UE sul rimpatrio
LT ES veiksmų grąžinimo srityje planas
LV ES Rīcības plāns par atgriešanu
MT Pjan (Il-) t’ Azzjoni tal-EU għar-Ritorn
NL EU Actieplan inzake terugkeer
PL Plan Działań UE w zakresie Powrotów
European Commission: Communication: EU Action Plan
on return, COM(2015) 453 final
Broader term(s)
return
Euro Voc Classification
0431 politics and public safety| 1011 European Union
law
Note(s)
1. The first EU Action Plan on Return was adopted by the European
Commission on 9 September 2015. It focused on the following two key
priorities:
increasing the effectiveness of the EU system to return irregular
migrants
enhancing cooperation on readmission with countries of origin and
transit.
2. It was followed by the renewed action plan in 2017, for further
information see: European Commission: Communication on a more
effective return policy in the European Union - a renewed Action Plan on
Return, COM(2017) 200 final
PT Plano de Ação da UE em matéria de regresso
RO Planul de acțiune al UE privind returnarea
SK Akčný plán EÚ v oblasti návratu
SL Akcijski načrt EU o vračanju
SV EU:s handlingsplan för återvändande
NO EUs handlingsplan for retur
KA ევროკავშირის სამოქმედო გეგმა მიგრანტთა
დაბრუნების შესახებ
UK План дій ЄС із повернення
HY
188
ԵՄ վերադարձի վերաբերյալ գործողությունների
ծրագիր
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
EU Blue Card
BG синя карта на ЕС
CS modrá karta EU
DE Blaue Karte EU
EL μπλε κάρτα της Ε.Ε.
EN EU Blue Card
ES tarjeta azul UE
C
D
Definition(s)
The residence permit bearing the term EU Blue Card
entitling its holder to reside and work in the territory
of a EU Member State under the terms of Directive
2021/1883 (Recast Blue Card Directive) .
E
Source(s)
G
ET Euroopa Liidu sinine kaart
Art. 2(3) of Directive (EU) 2021/1883 (Recast Blue Card
Directive)
FI EU:n sininen kortti
Narrower term(s)
FR carte bleue européenne
GA cárta gorm an AE
HR EU plava karta
HU EU Kék Kártya
IT Carta blu UE
LT ES mėlynoji kortelė
LV ES zilā karte
MT Karta (Il-) Blu tal-UE
NL Europese blauwe kaart / EU Blue Card
PL Niebieska Karta UE
PT cartão azul UE
RO Cartea Albastră a UE
SK modrá karta Európskej únie / modrá karta EÚ
SL modra karta EU
SV EU-blåkort
NO EU-blåkort
KA ევროკავშირის ლურჯი ბარათი
UK Блакитна картка ЄС
HY
ԵՄ կապույտ քարտ
EU Blue Card holder
F
H
I
Related term(s)
highly qualified employment
highly qualified migrant
residence permit
J
K
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
3.1 Migration for Economic Purposes
L
Euro Voc Classification
1011 European Union law| 4406 employment
M
Note(s)
N
1. An EU Blue Card gives highly-qualified workers from outside the EU the
right to live and work in an EU country, provided they have higher
professional qualifications, such as a university degree, and an
employment contract or a binding job offer for at least one year with a
high salary compared to the average in the EU country where the job
is. Third-country nationals can stay and work for a period of between
one and four years in the EU Member State who granted them the EU
Blue Card. The EU Blue Card applies in 25 of the 27 EU countries. It does
not apply in DK and IE.
2. Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive) outlines the rights
of beneficiaries of international protection, including access to the
labour market in the EU Member State that granted them international
protection. Highly qualified beneficiaries of international protection are
entitled to apply for an EU Blue Card in other EU Member States to
improve their job opportunities across the European Union. In those
Member States, they would be subject to the same rules as other
third-country nationals under the EU Blue Card Directive. However, this
should not affect their status in the EU Member State that originally
granted them international protection. Additionally, beneficiaries of
international protection are also entitled to apply for an EU Blue Card in
the EU Member State that granted them protection, but in such cases,
certain provisions related to equal treatment and family reunification do
not apply for legal clarity and coherence.
3. Art.9(4) of the Recast EU Blue Card Directive stipulates that when an EU
Member State issues an EU Blue Card to a third-country national who has
been granted international protection by that EU Member State, the issued
EU Blue Card should include a remark under the heading ‘Remarks’ stating:
“International protection granted by [name of the EU Member State] on
[date].” If the EU Member State later withdraws the international protection
granted to the EU Blue Card holder, it should, when appropriate, issue a
new EU Blue Card without this remark. Furthermore, according to Art. 9(5)
of the same Directive, when an EU Blue Card is issued by an EU Member
State to a third-country national who is a beneficiary of international
protection in another EU Member State, the issued EU Blue Card should
contain a remark under the heading ‘Remarks’ stating: “International
protection granted by [name of the EU Member State] on [date].”
4. EU Member States are required to issue a residence permit, in line
with Council Regulation (EC) No 1030/2002, to EU Blue Card holders who
meet the conditions specified in Art. 18 of this Directive for obtaining EU
long-term resident status. The residence permit mentioned in Par. 1 shall
include, under the heading ‘remarks,’ the notation ‘Former EU Blue Card
holder’ as entered by EU Member States.
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
189
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EU Blue Card holder
BG притежател на синя карта на ЕС
CS držitel modré karty EU
DE Inhaber einer Blauen Karte EU
EL κάτοχος μπλε κάρτας της ΕΕ
EN EU Blue Card holder
ES titular de la tarjeta azul UE
ET Euroopa Liidu sinise kaardi omanik
Definition(s)
A third-country national who has acquired
a residence permit bearing the term ‘EU Blue Card’
entitling them to reside and work in the territory of an
EU Member State under the terms of Directive (EU)
2021/1883( Recast Blue Card Directive).
Source(s)
FI EU:n sinisen kortin haltija
Derived by EMN from Art. 2(3) of Directive (EU)
2021/1883 (Recast Blue Card Directive)
FR titulaire d’une carte bleue européenne
Broader term(s)
GA sealbhóir chárta gorm an AE
EU Blue Card
HR nositelj EU plave karte
Related term(s)
HU EU Kék Kártya tulajdonos
highly qualified migrant
IT titolare di Carta blu UE
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
LT ES mėlynosios kortelės turėtojas
3.1 Migration for Economic Purposes
LV ES zilās kartes turētājs
Euro Voc Classification
MT Portatur(-triċ) (Il-) tal-Karta Blu tal-UE
1011 European Union law| 4406 employment
NL houder van een Europese blauwe kaart
PL posiadacz Niebieskiej Karty UE
PT titular do cartão azul UE
RO posesor de Carte Albastră UE
SK držiteľ modrej karty Európskej únie / držiteľ modrej
karty EÚ
SL imetnik modre karte EU
SV innehavare av EU-blåkort
NO innehaver av EU-blåkort (b); innehavar av EU blåkort
(n)
KA ევროკავშირის ლურჯი ბარათის მფლობელი
UK власник Блакитної картки ЄС
HY
190
ԵՄ կապույտ քարտապան
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
EU Immigration Portal
BG Имиграционен портал на ЕС
CS Imigrační portál EU
DE EU-Zuwanderungsportal / EU-Einwanderungsportal
EL Διαδικτυακή Πύλη της ΕΕ για τη Μετανάστευση
EN EU Immigration Portal
ES Portal de la Inmigración de la UE
ET ELi sisserändeportaal
FI EU:n maahanmuuttoportaali
FR Portail de l’UE sur l’immigration
GA Tairseach Inimirce AE
HR Imigiracijski portal EU-a
HU uniós bevándorlási portál
IT Portale europeo dell’immigrazione
LT ES imigracijos portalas
LV ES Imigrācijas portāls
MT Portal (Il-) tal-UE dwar l-Immigrazzjoni
NL EU-portaalsite over immigratie
PL Portal Imigracyjny UE
PT Portal da Imigração da UE
RO Portalul UE privind imigrația
SK Imigračný portál EÚ
SL Portal EU o priseljevanju
C
D
Definition(s)
A website with hands-on information for foreign
nationals interested in moving to the European Union
acting as a first point of entry for providing up-to-date,
practical information on EU and national immigration
procedures and policies.
Source(s)
Developed by the EMN
E
F
G
H
Synonym(s)
EUIP
I
Broader term(s)
immigration
J
Related term(s)
European Migration Network (EMN)
K
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
3. Legal Migration| 14.4 Technological factor and
impacts (digitalization of processes v paper processes)
L
Euro Voc Classification
M
1011 European Union law| 2811 migration
N
Note(s)
1. The EU Immigration Portal was launched in November 2011
(see European Commission Press Release IP/11/1370 of 18 November
2011).
2. For more information, see the website of the EU Immigration Portal.
SV EU:s invandringsportal
O
P
NO Informasjonsportal om innvandring til EUs
medlemsland
Q
KA ევროკავშირის საიმიგრაციო პორტალი
R
UK Імміграційний портал ЄС
HY
S
ԵՄ ներգաղթի (իմիգրացիայի) պորտալ
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
191
EU skills profile tool for
third-country nationals
BG Инструмент на ЕС за профилиране на уменията на
гражданите на трети държави
CS (EU) nástroj pro tvorbu dovednostního profilu státních
příslušníků třetích zemí
DE EU-Instrument zur Erstellung von Kompetenzprofilen
für Drittstaatsangehörige
EL Ενωσιακό εργαλείο κατάρτισης προφίλ δεξιοτήτων για
υπηκόους τρίτων χωρών
EN EU skills profile tool for third-country nationals
ES Herramienta de la UE para crear el perfil de
capacidades de nacionales de terceros países
ET ELi vahend kolmandate riikide kodanike
kutsekirjelduse koostamiseks
FI EU:n taitoprofiilityökalu kolmansien maiden
kansalaisille
FR outil européen de profilage des compétences des
ressortissants de pays tiers
GA Uirlis an Aontais Eorpaigh um Próifíliú Scileanna do
Náisiúnaigh Tríú Tíortha
HR Alat EU-a za profiliranje vještina državljana trećih
zemalja
HU A harmadik országbeli állampolgárok uniós
készségprofil-készítő eszköze
IT Strumento europeo di determinazione delle
competenze per i cittadini di paesi terzi
LT įgūdžių nustatymo ES šablonas
MT Għodda tal-UE għall-Profili tal-Ħiliet għaċ-Ċittadini
ta’ Pajjiżi Terzi / Għodda għall-Profili tal-Ħiliet
għaċ-Ċittadini ta’ Pajjiżi Terzi / Sett ta’ Għodda
għall-Ħiliet għaċ-Ċittadini ta’ Pajjiżi Terzi
NL EU-instrument voor het opstellen van een
vaardigheidsprofiel voor onderdanen van derde
landen
PL unijne narzędzie do tworzenia profilu umiejętności
obywateli państw trzecich
PT ferramenta de definição de perfis de competências
da UE para nacionais de países terceiros
RO Instrument de profil al competențelor UE pentru
resortisanții țărilor terțe
SK nástroj EÚ na stanovenie profilu zručností štátnych
príslušníkov tretích krajín
SL orodje EU za profiliranje znanj in spretnosti
državljanov tretjih držav
SV verktyg för kartläggning av kompentensen hos
personer från länder utanför EU
NO EUs kvalifikasjonskartleggings- og
registreringsverktøy
KA ევროკავშირის ინსტრუმენტი მესამე ქვეყნის
მოქალაქეთა კვალიფიკაციების აღწერისთვის
UK Інструмент ЄС для підготовки профілю
професійних навичок для громадян третіх країн
HY
LV ES prasmju profila noteikšanas rīks trešo valstu
valstspiederīgajiem
192
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
երրորդ երկրների քաղաքացիների համար ԵՄ
հմտությունների պրոֆիլի գործիք
A
B
C
D
Definition(s)
E
Multilingual online tool which supports the early
identification and documentation of skills, qualifications
and work experiences of third-country nationals and
which serves as a basis for issuing personalised advice
on further steps towards labour market and societal
integration.
F
G
Source(s)
H
EU Skills Profile Tool for Third Country Nationals
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
I
3.1 Migration for Economic Purposes| 8.2 Access to
employment| 14.3 Social factors and impacts (such as
changes in demographics, age, education level, diversity)
J
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration| 4406 employment
K
Note(s)
L
1. As part of the Skills Agenda for Europe, the European Commission
developed the Skills Profile Tool in 2017 to support early profiling of the
skills of third-county nationals (e.g. applicants for international
protection, refugees, migrants). The tool was updated in February 2020
and will soon become an integral part of the new Europass platform,
launched on 1 July 2020. For more information see Skills and
Qualifications on the Website of DG Employment, Social Affairs and
Inclusion, https://ec.europa.eu/social/main.jsp?langId=en&catId=1412.
2. The tool is intended for use by organisations offering assistance to
third-country nationals. It helps to map the skills, qualifications and work
experiences of third-country nationals and to give them personalised
advice on further steps, e.g. a referral to recognition of diplomas, skills
validation, further training or employment support services. To facilitate its
use among third-country nationals, a video tutorial has been created and
the website has been translated into all EU languages (except Irish), as
well as into Arabic, Farsi, Pashto, Sorani, Somali, Tigrinya and Turkish.
3. The European Commission and the European Training Foundation (ETF)
developed together with EU Member States the European inventory on
validation of non-formal and informal learning, which is a regularly
updated overview of validation practices and arrangements across
Europe. The inventory was endorsed by the Council recommendation of 20
December 2012 on the validation of non-formal and informal
learning and works together with the European guidelines for validating
non-formal and informal learning 2009 as a tool to sup-port countries in
developing and implementing validation arrangements.
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
193
EU Talent Pool
BG резерв на ЕС от таланти
CS EU Talent Pool / rezervoár talentů EU
DE EU-Talentpool
EL Δεξαμενή Ταλέντων της ΕΕ
EN EU Talent Pool
ES reserva de talentos de la UE
ET ELi talendireserv
FI EU:n osaajareservi
FR réservoir européen de talents
GA Linn Tallainne an Aontais Eorpaigh
HR baza talenata EU
HU EU Tehetségbázis
IT
LT ES talentų bazė
LV ES talantu fonds
MT Riserva ta’ Talenti fl-UE
NL EU-talentenpool
PL Europejska Pula Talentów
PT Reserva de talentos da UE
Definition(s)
EU-wide platform for international recruitment
through which skilled third-country nationals could
express their interest in migrating to the EU, and
could be identified by EU migration authorities
and employers based on their need.
Source(s)
Derived by EMN from European Commission:
Communication on a New Pact on Migration and Asylum,
COM(2020) 609 final
Synonym(s)
Talent Pool
Broader term(s)
economic migration
Related term(s)
talent partnership
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
3.1 Migration for Economic Purposes| 8.2 Access to
employment
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration| 4406 employment
RO Rezerva de talente din UE / Fondul de talente din UE
SK Okruh talentov EÚ (EU acquis) / EU Talent Pool
SL nabor talentov EU
SV EU-talangreserv
NO EUs talentbase
KA სწავლისა და დასაქმებისთვის კვალიფიციურ
მიგრანტთა ევროკავშირის პლატფორმა
UK Фонд талантів ЄС
HY
194
ԵՄ տաղանդների ֆոնդ
Note(s)
1. The EU Talent Pool is one of the key deliverables of the EU’s New Pact
on Migration and Asylum, which aims to attract talent to the EU and
support integration in local communities.
2. On 10 October 2022 the European Commission launched the EU Talent
Pool pilot initiative, a new online job search tool to help those fleeing
Russia’s invasion of Ukraine with securing employment in the European
Union. The new tool is available in English, Ukrainian and Russian, and
accessible via the European Labour Authority›s EURES portal.
3. For more information see the Webpage of the EU Commission on Skills
and Talent.
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
EU-LAC Structured
Dialogue on Migration
BG Структурен диалог по въпросите на миграцията
между ЕС и страните от Латинска Америка
A
B
C
D
Definition(s)
CS Strukturální dialog o migraci mezi EU a Latinskou
Amerikou
DE Strukturierter Dialog über Migrationsfragen zwischen
der EU und den Ländern Lateinamerikas und der
Karibik
EL Διαρθρωµένος Διάλογος για τη Μετανάστευση
ΕΕ- ΛΑΚ (χώρες της Λατινικής Αµερικής και της
Καραϊβικής)
A forum for the identification of common challenges
and areas for mutual cooperation, as well as building
a stronger evidence base for EU-LAC (Latin America
and the Caribbean) migration in order to better
understand its realities, based on the principle of shared
responsibility, strengthening the commitment and
willingness of both sides to discuss migration issues.
E
Source(s)
H
EN EU-LAC Structured Dialogue on Migration
Description of the EU-LAC Structured Dialogue on
Migration on the IOM-Website
ES Diálogo estructurado UE-ALC sobre migración
Synonym(s)
F
G
I
EU-CELAC MD
European Union - Latin America and the Carribbean
structured and comprehensive bi-regional Dialogue on
Migration (EU-CELAC MD)
J
FR Dialogue structuré sur les migrations entre l’UE et les
pays d’Amérique latine et des Caraïbes (ALC)
Related term(s)
L
GA Idirphlé Struchtúrtha idir an AE agus tíortha Mheiriceá
Laidinigh agus Mhuir Chairib (MLC) maidir leis an
Imirce
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
M
Euro Voc Classification
N
ET (EL ja Lõuna-Ameerika ning Kariibi) või EL ja LAC
rände struktureeritud dialoog
FI EU:n ja Latinalaisen Amerikan ja Karibian maiden
välinen rakenteellinen vuoropuhelu muuttoliikkeestä
HR Strukturirani dijalog o migracijama između
EU-a - LAK-a
Global Approach to Migration and Mobility (GAMM)
15.1 EU External dimension of migration and mobility
10 European Union
HU EU-LAC strukturális migrációs párbeszéd
O
Note(s)
IT Dialogo strutturato UE-ALC sulla migrazione
LT ES-Lotynų Amerikos ir Karibų jūros regiono valstybių
struktūrinis dialogas migracijos klausimais
LV Eiropas Savienības, Latīņamerikas un Karību jūras
reģiona valstu strukturēts dialogs par migrāciju
MT Djalogu Strutturat fuq il-Migrazzjoni - UE u ALK
NL EU-LAC gestructureerde dialoog over migratie
PL EU-LAC Strukturalny dialog na rzecz migracji
PT diálogo estruturado sobre migrações EU-ALC
RO Dialogul structurat cu privire la migraţie EU-LAC /
Dialogul structurat UE-ALC privind migrația
1. In June 2009, the European Union and the countries of Latin America
and the Caribbean (LAC) formally launched the Structured and
Comprehensive bi-regional Dialogue on Migration.
2. In the framework of the Dialogue, parties will exchange views in the
following main areas: link between migration and development; regular
migration and irregular migration; migration and the issue of human
rights, including protection of migrants in accordance with international
obligations; the fight against all forms of discrimination, racism and
xenophobia; legislative and administrative measures applicable to
migrants in an irregular situation; issues related to return on a dignified
basis and voluntary return; measures to combat trafficking in human
beings and smuggling of migrants, and the prevention of document fraud.
3. For more information, see the desciption of the EU-LAC Dialogue on the
EEAS webpage.
P
Q
R
S
T
U
SK Štruktúrovaný dialóg EÚ - Latinská Amerika a Karibik
o migrácii
V
SL Strukturirani dialog o migracijah med EU in LAK
SV EU-LAC:s strukturerade dialog om migration
W
NO EU–LACs strukturerte dialog om migrasjon
KA ევროკავშირ-ლათინური ამერიკისა და კარიბის
X
ზღვის აუზის ქვეყნების (EU-LAC)
სტრუქტურირებული დიალოგი მიგრაციის
თაობაზე
Y
UK Структурований діалог з міграції між ЄС і країнами
Латинської Америки та Карибського басейну
(ЛАКБ)
HY
K
Z
ԵՄ-ԼԱԵ-ի (Լատինական Ամերիկայի և Կարիբյան
երկրների) միջեւ §կառուցվածքային երկխոսություն
միգրացիայի մասին
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
195
Eurasil
BG Евроазил
CS Eurasil
Definition(s)
ES Eurasil
A European Union Network for asylum practitioners
providing a forum for the exchange of country of
origin information (COI), best practices and a variety
of policy-related matters among EU Member States,
asylum adjudicators and the European Commission,
which aims to improve and maximise convergence on
approaches to, and assessment of, the protection needs
of asylum seekers.
ET Eurasil
Source(s)
DE Netzwerk für Asylpraktiker der Europäischen Union /
Eurasil
EL το δίκτυο EURASIL της ΕΕ για τους ασχολούμενους με
το άσυλο
EN Eurasil
FI Eurasil
FR Eurasil
GA Eurasil
HR Eurasil
HU Eurasil
European Commission Staff Working Document
SEC(2006) 189 - Annex C to the Communication from
the Commission on strengthened practical cooperation
COM(2006) 67 final
Related term(s)
LT Eurasil
Common European Asylum System (CEAS)
country of origin information (COI)
European Asylum Support Office (EASO)
LV Eurasil
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
IT Eurasil
MT Eurasil
6.3 Specific aspects of migration procedures
NL Eurasil
Euro Voc Classification
PL Eurasil
PT Eurasil
RO Eurasil
SK Eurasil
SL Eurasil
SV Eurasil
NO Eurasil
KA ევრასილი (Eurasil)
UK Eurasil
HY
196
ԵՄ-ի EURASIL ցանցը ապաստանի հարցերով
զբաղվող մասնագետների համար
10 European Union| 2811 migration
Note(s)
1. Eurasil was established by the European Commission in July 2002
following the decision of the Committee of the Permanent Representatives (Coreper II) on 6 March to cease the activities of the CIREA group
(Centre for Information, Discussion and Exchange on the Crossing of
Frontiers and Immigration (CIREFI).
2. EURASIL meetings were attended by representatives of the national
ministries and asylum authorities of the EU Member States, as well as of
CH, NO and IS. Depending on the topics of the meeting, international
organisations such as United Nations High Commissior for Refugees
(UNHCR) or International Organization for Migration (IOM) attended
Eurasil as external experts.
3. With the establishment of the European Asylum Support Office
(EASO), EASO has taken over responsibility for Eurasil and further
developed EURASIL activities (EASO Practical Cooperation).
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
Eurodac
C
BG Евродак
D
Definition(s)
CS Eurodac
FR Eurodac
The name given to an informatic system, the purpose of
which, via the collection, transmission and comparison of
fingerprints, is to assist in determining which EU Member
State is to be responsible pursuant to Regulation (EU) No
604/2013 (Dublin III Regulation) for the examination
of an application for international protection lodged
in a EU Member State by a third-country national or
a stateless person, and otherwise to facilitate the
application of Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 under the
conditions set out in the Regulation establishing Eurodac.
GA Eurodac
Source(s)
DE Eurodac
EL Ευrodac
EN Eurodac
ES Eurodac
ET Eurodac
FI Eurodac
Art. 1 of Regulation (EU) No 603/2013 (Eurodac
Regulation)
HR Eurodac
HU Eurodac
LV Eurodac
NL Eurodac
PL Eurodac
PT Eurodac
RO Eurodac
SK Eurodac
SV Eurodac
KA ევროდაკი (Eurodac)
UK Eurodac
HY
M
Euro Voc Classification
O
ԵՄ ապաստանի մատնահետքերի տվյալների բազա
N
P
Note(s)
NO Eurodac
I
6.2.2 Dublin Procedure| 6.3.2. Establishment of identity
of applicants for international protection (incl.
examination of documents, language analysis, age
assessment)| 14.4 Technological factor and impacts
(digitalization of processes v paper processes)
1011 European Union law
SL Eurodac
H
L
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
MT Eurodac (Il-)
G
K
Dublin Convention
Dublin Regulation
LT Eurodac
F
J
Related term(s)
IT Eurodac
E
Under the Eurodac system, participating States have to promptly take the
fingerprints of each applicant for international protection over the age
of 14. These fingerprints are then compared with fingerprint data
transmitted by other participating States stored in the central database
AFIS. If Eurodac shows that the fingerprints have already been recorded,
the applicant can be sent back to the country where their fingerprints were
originally taken.
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
197
Euro-Mediterranean
Partnership (EUROMED)
BG Евро-средиземноморско партньорство
CS Evropsko-středomořské partnerství
DE Europa-Mittelmeer-Partnerschaft / Euro‑mediterrane
Partnerschaft
EL Ευρωμεσογειακή Εταιρική Σχέση
EN Euro-Mediterranean Partnership (EUROMED)
ES Asociación Euromediterránea
Definition(s)
A Union of the EU Member States and 16 Southern
Mediterranean countries built on cooperation
agreements that aims to promote economic integration
and democratic reform across the EU’s neighbours to the
south in North Africa and the Middle East.
Source(s)
FR Partenariat euro-méditerranéen (EUROMED)
European Commission: Communication on the Barcelona
Process: Union for the Mediterranean.- COM(2008) 319
final and
Website of the Southern Neighbourhood
GA an Chomhpháirtíocht Eora-Mheánmhara
Synonym(s)
ET Euroopa-Vahemere partnerlus
FI Euro–Välimeri-kumppanuus
HR Euro-mediteransko partnerstvo (EUROMED)
HU Euro-mediterrán Partnerség
IT Partenariato euromediterraneo
LT Europos-Viduržemio jūros regiono partnerystė
LV Eiropas un Vidusjūras reģiona valstu partnerība
MT Sħubija Ewro-Mediterranja
NL Euro-mediterraan partnerschap
PL Partnerstwo Eurośródziemnomorskie
PT Parceria Euro-Mediterrânica
RO Parteneriatul Euro-Mediteraneean
SK Euro-stredomorské partnerstvo (EUROMED)
SL Evro-sredozemsko partnerstvo
SV Europa-Medelhavspartnerskapet
NO Euro-Mediterranean Partnership
KA ევროკავშირ-ხმელთაშუაზღვისპირეთის
პარტნიორობა (EUROMED)
UK Євро-Середземноморське партнерство (EUROMED)
HY
198
Եվրո-միջերկրածովյան գործընկերություն
Barcelona Process
EUROMED
UfM
Union for the Mediterranean
Broader term(s)
European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP)
Related term(s)
Black Sea Synergy
Eastern Partnership (EAP)
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
15.1 EU External dimension of migration and mobility
Euro Voc Classification
10 European Union
Note(s)
1.The Barcelona Process was launched in 1995 with the aim of
strengthening the relations between the Eruopean Union and the Southern
Mediterranean countries.
2. The cooperation led later to the creation of the Union for the
Mediterranean (UfM). For more information, see the webpage of Union for
Mediterranean (UfM) “25 years of the Barcelona Process 1995 -2005’.
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
European Agenda on Migration
BG европейска програма за миграцията
C
D
Definition(s)
CS Evropský program pro migraci
E
ES Agenda Europea de Migración
A strategic document of the European Union
presented in May 2015 outlining a comprehensive
approach to migration management addressing
the asylum and migration challenges as well as
defining steps to be taken to ensure strong borders, fair
procedures and a sustainable system able to anticipate
future problems in the context of asylum and migration.
ET Euroopa rändekava
Source(s)
H
DE Europäische Migrationsagenda / Europäische Agenda
für Migration
EL Ευρωπαϊκή ατζέντα για τη μετανάστευση
EN European Agenda on Migration
FI Euroopan muuttoliikeagenda
FR agenda européen en matière de migration
GA Clár Oibre Eorpach maidir leis an Imirce
HR Europski migracijski program
HU Európai Migrációs Stratégia
IT Agenda europea sulla migrazione
LT Europos migracijos darbotvarkė
LV Eiropas programma migrācijas jomā
MT Aġenda (L-) Ewropea dwar il-Migrazzjoni
NL Europese migratieagenda
PL Europejska Agenda na Rzecz Migracji
PT Agenda Europeia da Migração
RO Agenda europeană privind migrația
SK Európska migračná agenda
SL Evropska agenda o migracijah
SV den europeiska migrationsagendan
NO Europeisk migrasjonsagenda
KA მიგრაციის ევროპული დღის წესრიგი
UK Європейський порядок денний з питань міграції
HY
Միգրացիայի եվրոպական օրակարգ
European Commission: Communication: A European
Agenda on Migration, COM(2015) 240 final
F
G
I
Related term(s)
J
Partnership Framework on Migration
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
2.2 EU (e.g. Common European Asylum System,
Qualification Directive, European Agenda for Migration)
K
Euro Voc Classification
L
1011 European Union law
M
Note(s)
1. The European Agenda on Migration was presented by the European
Commission on 13 May 2015.
2. It defines short term and long term priorities focusing on the following
four pillars:
a Common European Asylum System (CEAS);
a new European policy on legal migration;
fighting irregular migration and trafficking in human beings more
robustly;
and securing the external EU borders.
3. The Partnership Framework on Migration with third countries under
the European Agenda on Migration was launched in June 2016,
(see European Commission: Communication on establishing a new
Partnership Framework with third countries under the European Agenda on
Migration, COM(2016) 385 final). It fully integrates migration in the
European Union’s foreign policy and is the EU’s comprehensive
cooperation approach to better manage migration flows. Tailor-made
agreements (compacts) with key third countries of origin and transit were
developed with the following short-term objectives:
to save lives in the Mediterranean sea;
to increase the rate of returns to countries of origin and transit; and
to keep migrants and refugees close to home.
4. In the long term, the EU should continue to increase its efforts to
address the root causes of irregular migration and forced displacement and to provide capacity building to the host communities and
relevant institutions.
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
199
European Asylum Support
Office (EASO)
BG Европейска служба за подкрепа в областта на
убежището
CS Evropský podpůrný úřad pro otázky azylu
DE Europäisches Unterstützungsbüro für Asylfragen
EL Ευρωπαϊκό Γραφείο Υποστήριξης για το Άσυλο
EN European Asylum Support Office (EASO)
ES Oficina Europea de Apoyo al Asilo
ET Euroopa Varjupaigaküsimuste Tugiamet
FI Euroopan turvapaikka-asioiden tukivirasto
FR Bureau européen d’appui en matière d’asile
GA an Oifig Tacaíochta Eorpach do Chúrsaí Tearmainn
HR Europski potporni ured za azil (EASO)
HU Európai Menekültügyi Támogatási Hivatal
IT Ufficio Europeo di Sostegno per l’Asilo
LT Europos prieglobsčio paramos biuras
LV Eiropas Patvēruma atbalsta birojs
MT Uffiċċju (L-) Ewropew t’ Appoġġ għall‑Ażil (UEAA /
EASO)
Definition(s)
A European Union agency mandated to focus on three
major responsibilities: to contribute to the coherent implementation and development of the Common European
Asylum System (CEAS), to support and strengthen
practical cooperation among EU Member States on asylum and to provide and / or coordinate the provision of
operational support to EU Member States, subject to particular pressure on their asylum and reception systems.
Source(s)
Derived by EMN from Art. 1 and 2 of Regulation (EU) No
439/2010 (EASO Regulation)
Synonym(s)
EASO
European Asylum Support Office
Broader term(s)
international protection
Related term(s)
RO Biroul European de Sprijin în domeniul Azilului
Common European Asylum System (CEAS)
Eurasil
European Border and Coast Guard Agency (Frontex)
European Migration Network (EMN)
European Union Agency for Asylum (EUAA)
European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA)
General Directors’ Immigration Services Conference
(GDISC)
SK Európsky podporný úrad pre azyl (EASO)
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
NL Europees Ondersteuningsbureau voor Asielzaken;
Europees asielondersteuningsbureau (BE)
PL Europejski Urząd Wsparcia w dziedzinie Azylu
PT Gabinete Europeu de Apoio ao Asilo
SL Evropski azilni podporni urad
SV Europeiska byrån för samarbete i asylfrågor
NO Det europeiske støttekontoret på asylfeltet
KA ევროპის თავშესაფრის მხარდაჭერის ოფისი
(EASO)
UK Європейське бюро з питань надання притулку
(EASO)
HY
200
Ապաստանի աջակցության եվրոպական
գրասենյակ
2.2 EU (e.g. Common European Asylum System,
Qualification Directive, European Agenda for Migration)|
4.1 International protection
Euro Voc Classification
1006 EU institutions and European civil service| 2811
migration
Note(s)
1. The European Asylum Support Office acts as a European centre of
expertise on asylum, responsible for facilitating, coordinating and
strengthening practical cooperation among EU Member States on the
many aspects of asylum, so that EU Member States are better able to
provide international protection to those entitled to it, while dealing
fairly and efficiently with those who do not qualify for international
protection, where appropriate.
2. The Support Office should work closely with the EU Member States’
asylum authorities, with national immigration and asylum services and
other national services and with the European Commission. Furthermore, it
should also carry out its duties without prejudice to those assigned to
other relevant bodies of the European Union and shall work closely with
these bodies as well as with the United Nations High Commissioner
for Refugees (UNHCR). However, it does not have any powers in relation
to the taking of decisions by EU Member States’ asylum authorities on
individual applications for international protection.
3. On 19 January 2022 Regulation (EU) 2021/2303 on the establishment
of a European Union Agency for Asylum (EUAA Regulation) entered into
force, transforming the European Asylum Support Office (EASO) into a
full-fledged agency with a broadened and enhanced mandate. For more
information see the entry of the European Union Agency for Asylum
(EUAA) in this glossary.
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
European Border and Coast Guard
BG Европейския парламент и на Съвета и за отмяна
на Регламент
CS Evropská pohraniční a pobřežní stráž
DE Europäische Grenz- und Küstenwache
EL Ευρωπαϊκή Συνοριοφυλακή και Ακτοφυλακή
EN European Border and Coast Guard
C
D
Definition(s)
A border control and management system covering the
Schengen Area which is composed of the European
Border and Coast Guard Agency (a reformed Frontex
Agency) and EU Member State national authorities who
are responsible for border management tasks.
Source(s)
ES Guardia Europea de Fronteras y Costas
ET Euroopa piiri- ja rannikuvalve
Art. 3 and 5 of Regulation (EU) 2019/1896 (European
Border and Coast Guard Regulation)
FI Eurooppalainen raja- ja merivartiosto
Broader term(s)
FR Corps européen de garde-frontières et de gardecôtes
J
European Border and Coast Guard Agency (Frontex)
HU Európai Határ- és Parti Őrség
K
Related term(s)
IT Guardia Costiera e di Frontiera Europea
G
I
Narrower term(s)
HR Europska granična i obalna straža
F
H
border control
external EU border
GA Garda Teorann agus Cósta Eorpach
E
LT Europos sienų ir pakrančių apsaugos pajėgos
European Border Surveillance System (EUROSUR)
European integrated border management
L
LV Eiropas Robežu un krasta apsardze
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
M
Euro Voc Classification
N
MT Gwardja Ewropea tal-Fruntieri u l-Kosti
6.1 Entry Conditions and Procedures
NL Europese Grens- en Kustwacht
PL Europejska Straż Graniczna i Przybrzeżna
1006 EU institutions and European civil service
O
PT Guarda Europeia de Fronteiras e Costeira
RO Poliția de frontieră și garda de coastă la nivel
european
P
SK Európska pohraničná a pobrežná stráž
Q
SL Evropska mejna in obalna straža
SV Europeiska gräns- och kustbevakningen
NO Den europeiske grense-og kystvakten (b); Den
europeiske grense- og kystvakta
R
KA ევროპის სასაზღვრო და სანაპირო დაცვა
S
UK Європейська служба з охорони зовнішніх кордонів
HY
T
Եվրոպական սահմանային և առափնյա
պաշտպանություն
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
201
European Border and Coast
Guard Agency (Frontex)
BG Европейска агенция за граничен контрол и
брегова охрана
CS Evropská agentura pro pohraniční a pobřežní stráž
DE Europäische Agentur für die Grenz- und Küstenwache
EL Ευρωπαϊκός Οργανισμός Συνοριοφυλακής και
Ακτοφυλακής
EN European Border and Coast Guard Agency (Frontex)
ES Guardia Europea de Fronteras y Costas
ET Euroopa Piiri- ja Rannikuvalve Amet
FI Euroopan raja- ja merivartiovirasto (Frontex)
FR Agence européenne de garde-frontières et de
garde-côtes
GA an Gníomhaireacht Eorpach um an nGarda Teorann
agus Cósta
HR Europska agencija za graničnu i obalnu stražu
(FRONTEX)
HU Európai Határ- és Partvédelmi Ügynökség
IT Agenzia europea della guardia di frontiera e costiera
LT Europos sienų ir pakrančių apsaugos agentūra
Definition(s)
A European Union agency tasked with the
implementation of the European integrated border
management, the effective functioning of border
control at the external EU borders in coordination
with the national authorities of EU Member States
and Schengen associated countries (IC, CH, LI and NO)
responsible for border management, the internal security
within the European Union and migration management,
including an effective return policy, while safeguarding
the free movement of persons within the Union and full
respect for fundamental rights.
Source(s)
Art. 1 and 7 of Regulation (EU) 2019/1896 (Europe-an
Border and Coast Guard Regulation)
Synonym(s)
EBCGA
European Agency for the Management of Operational
Cooperation at the External Borders of the Member
States of the European Union
Frontex
LV Eiropas Robežu un krasta apsardzes aģentūra
(Frontex)
Broader term(s)
MT Aġenzija (L-) Ewropea għall-Ħarsien / Gwardja
tal-Fruntieri u l-Kosti (Frontex)
Narrower term(s)
NL Europees Grens- en Kustwachtagentschap
PL Europejska Agencja Straży Granicznej i Przybrzeżnej
PT Agência Europeia da Guarda de Fronteiras e Costeira
RO Agenția Europeană pentru Poliția de Frontieră și
Garda de Coastă
SK Európska agentúra pre pohraničnú a pobrežnú stráž
(Frontex)
SL Evropska agencija za mejno in obalno stražo
European Border and Coast Guard
European Border and Coast Guard Standing Corps
Related term(s)
European integrated border management
European Union Agency for Asylum (EUAA)
European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA)
High-Level Network for Return
Return Coordinator
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
NO Den europeiske grense- og kystvakt
2.2 EU (e.g. Common European Asylum System,
Qualification Directive, European Agenda for Migration)|
6.1 Entry Conditions and Procedures
KA ევროპის სასაზღვრო და სანაპირო დაცვის
Euro Voc Classification
SV Europeiska gräns- och kustbevakningsbyrån
სააგენტო (Frontex)
UK Європейське агентство з охорони зовнішніх
кордонів (Frontex)
HY
202
1006 EU institutions and European civil service
Եվրոպական սահմանային և առափնյա
պահպանության գործակալություն
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
C
D
Note(s)
E
1. The European Agency for the Border and Coast Guard based in Warsaw
was established by Regulation (EU) No 2016/1624 (European Border and
Coast Guard Regulation) of 14 September 2016. It is not a new body but
emerged from the European Agency for the Management of Operational
Cooperation at the External Borders of the EU Member States which was
established in 2004 by Council Regulation (EC) 2007/2004 (Frontex-Regulation). Its mandate and tasks have, however, been extended and it has
been transformed into a fully-fledged European Agency. In order to reflect
these changes, it was renamed the European Border and Coast Guard
Agency which continues to be commonly referred to as ‘Frontex’.
2. In 2019, Regulation (EU) 2019/1896 provided the European Border and
Coast Guard with a reinforced mandate and increased competencies, such
as the European Border and Coast Guard Standing Corps, which is
the EU’s first uniformed service. The corps includes 10 000 border and
coast guard officers and equipment. This is a major difference compared
to the previous Regulation which did not enable the Agency to have its
own equipment and personnel. The standing corps consists of Frontex and
EU Member State officers and work under the command of the national
authorities of the country they are deployed in. In addition, Frontex will
develop and strengthen EU’s border management capacities and become
more active outside the EU by conducting operations in non-EU countries
outside external EU borders.
3. Art.10 of Regulation (EU) No 2019/1896 describes the main tasks of
the Agency which include among others:
monitoring migration flows and carrying out risk analysis as regards all
aspects of integrated border management;
supporting migration management support teams at hotspot
areas by deploying operational staff and technical equipment to
provide assistance in screening, de-briefing, identification and
fingerprinting of migrants;
coordinating and organising joint operations and rapid border
interventions to assist participating states at the external EU borders,
including humanitarian emergencies and rescue at sea;
setting up and deploying European Border and Coast Guard teams,
including a rapid reaction pool;
supporting the development and operation of the European Border
Surveillance System (EUROSUR) as well as setting up and running of
the Central unit of the European Travel Information and
Authorisation System (ETIAS);
assisting participating states in fulfilling their return including
coordinating and organising return operations.
4. Another objective of the Agency is the prevention of cross-border crime
such as smuggling of migrants, terrorism or trafficking in human
beings.
5. Frontex cooperates with various European agencies and institutions
within their respective mandates, such as Europol, Eurojust, European
Union Agency for Asylum (EUAA), European Union Agency for
Fundamental Rights (FRA), European Fisheries Control Agency (EFCA)
and the European Maritime Safety Agency (EMSA) as well as with third
countries in relation to the areas covered by the regulation.
6. For further information, see the website of Frontex.
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
203
European Border and Coast
Guard Standing Corps
BG Постоянен корпус на европейската гранична и
брегова охрана
CS stálý útvar Evropské pohraniční a pobřežní stráže
DE Ständige Reserve der Europäischen Grenz- und
Küstenwache
EL μόνιμο σώμα της Ευρωπαϊκής Συνοριοφυλακής και
Ακτοφυλακής
EN European Border and Coast Guard Standing Corps
ES cuerpo permanente de la Guardia Europea de
Fronteras y Costas
ET Euroopa piiri- ja rannikuvalve alaline korpus
FI eurooppalaisen raja- ja merivartioston pysyvä joukko
FR Contingent permanent du corps de garde-frontières
et de garde-côtes européens
Definition(s)
Pool of border and coast guards on short-term
deployment or long-term secondment from EU Member
States to the European Border and Coast Guard
Agency (Frontex) to be deployed as members of the
border management teams, migration management
support teams and return teams in joint return
operations, rapid border interventions, return
interventions or any other relevant operational
activities in the EU Member States or in third countries.
Source(s)
Derived by EMN from Art. 54 of Regulation (EU)
2019/1896 (European Border and Coast Guard
Regulation)
Broader term(s)
European Border and Coast Guard Agency (Frontex)
GA
HR stalne snage Europske granične i obalne straže
HU az Európai Határ- és Parti Őrség készenléti alakulata
IT corpo permanente della guardia di frontiera e
costiera europea
LT Europos sienų ir pakrančių apsaugos nuolatinis
korpusas
LV Eiropas Robežu un krasta apsardzes pastāvīgais
korpuss
MT korp permanenti tal-Gwardja Ewropea tal-Fruntiera u
tal-Kosta / Korp (il-) Regolari Ewropew għall-Ħarsien
tal-Fruntieri u l-Kosti /
NL permanent korps van de Europese grens- en
kustwacht
PL stała służba Europejskiej Straży Granicznej i
Przybrzeżnej
PT Corpo Permanente da Guarda Europeia de Fronteiras
e Costeira
RO corpul permanent al poliției de frontieră și gărzii de
coastă la nivel european
SK Stály zbor Európskej pohraničnej a pobrežnej stráže
Related term(s)
migration management support team
return intervention
return operation
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
2.2 EU (e.g. Common European Asylum System,
Qualification Directive, European Agenda for Migration)|
6.1.1 Border control
Euro Voc Classification
1006 EU institutions and European civil service| 2811
migration
Note(s)
1. The European Border and Coast Guard Standing Corps is the European
Union’s uniformed service which was established by Regulation (EU)
2019/1896 (European Border and Coast Guard Regulation) in 2019.
Frontex border and coast guards ensure the proper functioning of the EU’s
Schengen Area. This includes support in migration management, fighting
cross-border crime and return activities, as well as supporting national
authorities in making the crossing of the border safe and smooth for all
travellers.
2. Frontex border guards work under the command of the national
authorities of the country they are deployed in.
SL stalna enota evropske mejne in obalne straže
SV europeiska gräns- och kustbevakningens stående
styrka
NO Den europeiske grense- og kystvaktens stående
korps
KA ევროპის სასაზღვრო და სანაპირო დაცვის
მუდმივი კორპუსი
UK Постійний корпус Європейської прикордонної та
берегової охорони
HY
204
Եվրոպական սահմանային և առափնյա
պաշտպանության մշտական մարմին
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
European Border Surveillance
System (EUROSUR)
BG Европейска система за наблюдение на външните
граници
CS Evropský systém ostrahy vnější hranice
DE Europäisches Grenzüberwachungssystem
EL Ευρωπαϊκό Σύστημα Επιτήρησης των Συνόρων
EN European Border Surveillance System (EUROSUR)
ES Sistema europeo de vigilancia de fronteras
ET Euroopa piiride valvamise süsteem
FR Système européen de surveillance des frontières
GA an Córas Eorpach um Fhaireachas ar Theorainneacha
Seachtracha
HU európai határőrizeti rendszer
B
C
D
Definition(s)
A common framework for the exchange of information
and for the cooperation between EU Member States
and Frontex to improve situational awareness and
to increase reaction capability at the external EU
borders for the purpose of detecting, preventing and
combating irregular migration and cross-border crime,
and contributing to ensuring the protection and saving
the lives of migrants.
Source(s)
FI Euroopan rajavalvontajärjestelmä
HR Europski sustav nadzora granica
A
E
F
G
H
Art. 2(9) and Sec. 3 of Regulation (EU) 2019/1896
(European Border and Coast Guard Regulation)
I
Synonym(s)
J
Related term(s)
K
EUROSUR
IT Sistema europeo di sorveglianza delle frontiere
esterne
border control
European Border and Coast Guard Agency (Frontex)
LT Europos išorinių sienų stebėjimo sistema
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
L
M
LV Eiropas ārējo robežu uzraudzības sistēma
6.1.1 Border control| 13. Irregular Migration
MT Sistema Ewropea għas-Sorveljanza tal-Konfini /
tal-Fruntieri
2811 migration
N
Note(s)
O
NL Europees grensbewakingssysteem
PL Europejski system nadzorowania granic
PT Sistema Europeu de Vigilância das Fronteiras
RO sistemul de supraveghere a frontierelor UE
SK Európsky systém hraničného dozoru (EUROSUR)
Euro Voc Classification
1. EUROSUR was set up under Council Regulation (EU) No 1052/2013
(EUROSUR Regulation) .
2. For more information, see the webpage of the European Commission on
EUROSUR.
Q
SL Evropski sistem varovanja meja
R
SV europeiska gränsövervakningssystemet
NO Det europeiske overvåkingssystemet for
yttergrensene
S
KA ევროპის სასაზღვრო მეთვალყურეობის
სისტემა (EUROSUR)
T
UK Європейська система прикордонного нагляду
(EUROSUR)
HY
P
U
Սահմանի հսկողության եվրոպական համակարգ
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
205
European Convention on
Human Rights (ECHR)
BG Европейска конвенция за правата на човека
CS Evropská úmluva o ochraně lidských práv
DE Europäische Menschenrechtskonvention (EMRK)
EL Ευρωπαϊκή Σύμβαση Δικαιωμάτων του Ανθρώπου
EN European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR)
ES Convenio Europeo de Derechos Humanos
ET Euroopa inimõiguste ja põhivabaduste kaitse
konvetsioon
FI Euroopan ihmisoikeussopimus
Definition(s)
A regional human rights instrument giving effect to
certain rights stated in the Universal Declaration of
Human Rights, offering individuals the possibility of
applying to the courts for the enforcement of their rights.
Source(s)
Derived by EMN from the description of the Convention
on the website of the European Court of Human Rights
Synonym(s)
GA an Coinbhinsiún Eorpach um Chearta an Duine
European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights
and Fundamental Freedoms
ECHR
HR Europska konvencija o ljudskim pravima (EKLJP)
Related term(s)
FR Convention européenne des droits de l’homme
HU Emberi Jogok Európai Egyezménye (EJEE)
IT Convenzione Europea dei Diritti dell’Uomo
LT Europos žmogaus teisių konvencija
LV Eiropas Cilvēktiesību konvencija
MT Konvenzjoni (Il-) Ewropea dwar id-Drittijiet
tal‑Bniedem
Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union
European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA)
human rights
human rights law
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
NL Europees Verdrag voor de Rechten van de Mens
2.3 Regional and Transnational (e.g. European
Convention of Human Rights)
PL Europejska Konwencja Praw Człowieka / Konwencja o
Ochronie Praw Człowieka i Podstawowych Wolności
1231 international law
PT Convenção Europeia dos Direitos Humanos
RO Convenţia Europeană a Drepturilor Omului (CEDO)
SK Európsky dohovor o ochrane ľudských práv a
základných slobôd (EDĽP)
Euro Voc Classification
Note(s)
More formally referred to as the European Convention for the Protection of
Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms.
SL Evropska konvencija o človekovih pravicah
SV Europakonventionen om de mänskliga rättigheterna
NO Den europeiske menneskerettskonvensjonen
KA ადამიანის უფლებათა ევროპული კონვენცია
(ECHR)
UK Європейська конвенція з прав людини (ЄКПЛ)
HY
206
Մարդու իրավունքների եվրոպական կոնվենցիա
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
European Court of Human
Rights (ECtHR)
BG Европейски съд за правата на човека
A
B
C
D
Definition(s)
CS Evropský soud pro lidská práva
E
EL Ευρωπαϊκό Δικαστήριο των Δικαιωμάτων του
Ανθρώπου
International court established by the European
Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) which rules on
individual or State applications alleging violations of the
civil and political rights set out in the ECHR.
EN European Court of Human Rights
Source(s)
G
Synonym(s)
H
Broader term(s)
I
DE Europäischer Gerichtshof für Menschenrechte (EGMR)
Website of the European Court of Human Rights
ES Tribunal Europeo de Derechos humanos
ET Euroopa Inimõiguste Kohus
ECtHR
FI Euroopan ihmisoikeustuomioistuin
FR Cour européenne des droits de l’homme
human rights
human rights law
GA an Chúirt Eorpach um Chearta an Duine
HR Europski sud za ljudska prava (ESLJP)
J
Related term(s)
HU Emberi Jogok Európai Bírósága (EJEB)
K
Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU)
IT Corte europea dei diritti dell’uomo
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
LT Europos Žmogaus Teisių Teismas
F
LV Eiropas Cilvēktiesību tiesa
2.3 Regional and Transnational (e.g. European
Convention of Human Rights)
L
MT Qorti (Il-) Ewropea tad-Drittijiet tal-Bniedem
Euro Voc Classification
M
NL Europees Hof voor de Rechten van de Mens (EHRM)
1231 international law
N
PL Europejski Trybunał Praw Człowieka
Note(s)
PT Tribunal Europeu dos Direitos Humanos
RO Curtea Europeană a Drepturilor Omului (CEDO)
SK Európsky súd pre ľudské práva (ESĽP)
SL Evropsko sodišče za človekove pravice
SV Europeiska domstolen för de mänskliga rättigheterna
/ Europadomstolen
NO Den europeiske menneskrettsdomstolen
KA ადამიანის უფლებათა ევროპული სასამართლო
1. The ECtHR was set up in 1959, it is based in Strasbourg.
2. It hears applications alleging that a contracting state has breached one
or more of the human rights provisions concerning civil and political rights
set out in the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) and its
protocols. An application can be lodged by an individual, a group of
individuals or one or more of the other contracting states, and, besides
judgments, the Court can also issue advisory opinions.
3. The judgments of the court are binding on the countries concerned and
have led governments to alter their legislation and administrative practice
in a wide range of areas.
(ECtHR)
P
Q
R
S
UK Європейський суд з прав людини (ЄСПЛ)
HY
O
Մարդու իրավունքների եվրոպական դատարան
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
207
European Guardianship
Network (EGN)
BG Европейска мрежа на институциите за
настойничество и попечителство
Definition(s)
DE Europäisches Netzwerk für Vormundschaft;
Europäisches Netzwerk für Obsorge (AT)
Network that aims to improve services for
unaccompanied or separated children in the EU
Member States through guardianship development and
assistance to practitioners and their organizations.
EL Ευρωπαϊκό Δίκτυο Επιτροπείας (EGN)
Source(s)
CS Evropská síť opatrovníků
EN European Guardianship Network (EGN)
Website of the EGN
ES Red Europea de Tutela
Synonym(s)
FI Euroopan huoltajuusverkosto
EGN
European Guardianship Network
FR Réseau européen de tutelle
Related term(s)
ET Euroopa eestkostevõrgustik
GA Líonra Eorpach na Caomhnóireachta (LEC)
HR Europska mreža skrbnika
HU Európai Gyámügyi Hálózat
IT Rete Europea della Tutela
LT Europos globos institucijų tinklas
LV Eiropas Aizbildnības tīkls
MT Netwerk (In-) Ewropew tat-Tutela (NET)
NL Europees netwerk inzake voogdij (EGN)
PL Europejska Sieć Opieki
PT Rede europeia de instituições de tutela (EGN)
RO Rețeaua europeană de tutelă
SK Európska sieť pre poručníctvo (EGN)
SL Evropska mreža za skrbništvo
SV European Guardianship Network
NO Det europeiske vergemålsnettverket (b); Det
europeiske verjemålsnettverket (N)
guardian
unaccompanied minor
separated child
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
7.2 Minors and unaccompanied minors
Euro Voc Classification
2806 family| 2811 migration
Note(s)
1. First steps towards a European Guardianship Network were taken in
2005. Since then several projects on guardianship have been completed,
financed by the European Commission under the European Programme for
Integration and Migration and the Rights, Equality and Citizenship
Programme. At the beginning of 2019 the network was transformed to a
more formal, member-based structure, based on developments in the EU
and in several EU Member States towards more professionalism in
guardianship.
2. The network will enable further professionalization of guardianship
systems, thus further improving the outcome for the children in the
system.
KA მეურვეთა ევროპული ქსელი (EGN)
UK Європейська мережа з питань опіки та піклування
(ЄМОП)
HY
208
Եվրոպական խնամակալության ցանց
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
European integrated
border management
BG Европейска система за интегрирано управление
на границите
DE integrierte europäische Grenzverwaltung
EL Ευρωπαϊκή ολοκληρωμένη διαχείριση των συνόρων
ES Gestión Europea integrada de las fronteras
ET Euroopa integreeritud piirihaldus
B
C
D
Definition(s)
CS Evropská integrovaná správa hranic
EN European integrated border management
A
National and international coordination and cooperation
among all relevant authorities and agencies involved
in border security and trade facilitation to establish
effective, efficient and coordinated border management
at the external EU borders, in order to reach the
objective of open, but well controlled and secure borders.
Source(s)
E
F
G
H
FI Euroopan yhdennetty rajavalvonta
Art. 3 of Regulation (EU) 2019/1896 (European Border
and Coast Guard Regulation)
FR gestion européenne intégrée des frontières
Synonym(s)
I
GA Bainistiú comhtháite teorainneacha san Eoraip
IBM
HR Europsko integrirano upravljanje granicama
Broader term(s)
J
IT Gestione europea integrata delle frontiere
border control
external EU border
LT Europos integruotas sienų valdymas
Narrower term(s)
HU európai integrált határigazgatás
LV Eiropas integrētā robežu pārvaldība
MT Ġestjoni Ewropea integrata tal-fruntieri
NL Europees geïntegreerd grensbeheer
PL Europejski zintegrowany system zarządzania
granicami
PT Gestão europeia integrada de Fronteiras
RO Gestionarea europeană integrată a frontierelor
SK Európske integrované riadenie hraníc
SL evropsko integrirano upravljanje meja
SV Europeisk integrerad gränsförvaltning
NO Samordnet europeisk grense grensekontroll (b);
Samordna europeisk grensekontroll (n)
KA ევროპის საზღვრის ინტეგრირებული მართვა
UK Європейське інтегроване управління кордонами
HY
Եվրոպական ինտեգրված սահմանների
կառավարում
K
L
border control
European Border and Coast Guard Agency (Frontex)
search and rescue (SAR) operation
M
Related term(s)
European Border and Coast Guard
N
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
O
Euro Voc Classification
P
6.1.1 Border control
0431 politics and public safety| 2811 migration
Q
Note(s)
1. The European integrated border management (IBM) aims at managing
the crossing of the external borders efficiently and addressing migratory
challenges and potential future threats at those borders, thereby
contributing to addressing serious crime with a cross-border dimension
(such as migrant smuggling, trafficking in human beings and
terrorism) and ensuring a high level of internal security within the EU,
while at the same time acting in full respect for fundamental rights and
in a manner that safeguards the free movement of persons within the EU.
2. Art. 4 of the Regulation (EU) 2016/1624 (European Border and Coast
Guard Regulation) describes the main components of the IBM: border
control; prevention and detection of cross-border crime; referral of
persons who are in need of, or wish to apply for, international
protection; search and rescue operations for persons in distress at sea;
risk analysis for internal security and security of the external EU borders;
cooperation with third countries, focusing on neighbouring countries and
those which have been identified as countries of origin and/or transit
for irregular migration; return of third-country nationals who are
subject of return decisions.
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
209
European Integration Network (EIN)
BG Европейска мрежа за интеграция (ЕМИ)
CS Evropská integrační síť (EIN)
DE Europäisches Integrationsnetz (EIN)
EL Ευρωπαϊκό Δίκτυο Ένταξης (ΕΔΕ/ΕΙΝ)
EN European Integration Network (EIN)
ES Red Europea de Integración
ET Euroopa integratsioonivõrgustik
FI Euroopan kotouttamisverkosto
FR réseau européen d’Intégration
GA
HR Europska integracijska mreža
HU Európai Integrációs Hálózat
IT Rete europea sull’integrazione (EIN)
LT Europos integracijos tinklas
LV Eiropas integrācijas tīkls
MT Netwerk (In-) Ewropew tal-Integrazzjoni (NEI)
NL Europees Integratienetwerk
PL Europejska Sieć Integracji
PT Rede Europeia de Integração (REI)
RO Rețeaua de integrare europeană
Definition(s)
Forum bringing together representatives of national
public authorities from all EU Member States and
IC and NO with the aim to promote cooperation on
integration activities among EU Member States and to
foster dialogue on integration with European, national,
regional and local authorities, as well as civil society
organisations.
Source(s)
Description of the European Integration Network
on European Website on Integration.
Synonym(s)
EIN
European Integration Network
Broader term(s)
integration
Related term(s)
European Migration Forum (EMF)
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
9.1 Integration measures
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration| 2826 social affairs
SK Európska integračná sieť (EIN)
SL Evropska mreža za vključevanje
SV Europeiska integrationsnätverket
NO European Integration Network (EIN)
KA ინტეგრაციის ევროპული ქსელი (EIN)
Note(s)
1. The EIN was established following the adoption of the 2016
Commission’s Action Plan on the integration of third-country nationals.
2. For more information see the Description of the European Integration
Network on the European Website on Integration.
UK Європейська інтеграційна мережа (ЄІМ)
HY
210
Եվրոպական Ինտեգրման Ցանց (ԵՄՑ)
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
European Migration Forum (EMF)
BG Европейски форум за миграцията (ЕФМ)
CS Evropské migrační fórum (EMF)
EL Ευρωπαϊκό Φόρουμ για τη Μετανάστευση (ΕΦΜ/EMF)
ES Foro Europeo de Migración
A platform for dialogue on integration issues and
other topics on immigration and asylum between civil
society organisations and European institutions which
meet once a year for two days of work.
E
Source(s)
G
ET Euroopa rändefoorum
Description of the European Migration Forum on
the Website of DG Migration and Home Affairs.
FI Euroopan muuttoliikefoorumi
Synonym(s)
FR Forum européen sur la migration (FEM)
D
Definition(s)
DE Europäisches Migrationsforum (EMF)
EN European Migration Forum (EMF)
C
F
H
GA Fóram Eorpach um Imirce
EMF
European Migration Forum
I
HR Europski migracijski forum
Broader term(s)
J
HU Európai Migrációs Fórum (EMF)
IT Forum europeo della migrazione
integration
Related term(s)
LT Europos migracijos forumas
European Integration Network (EIN)
K
LV Eiropas migrācijas forums
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
MT Forum (Il-) Ewropew tal-Migrazzjoni (FEM)
9. Integration
L
NL Europees Migratieforum
Euro Voc Classification
M
PL Europejskie Forum Migracji
PT Fórum Europeu das Migrações (FEM)
RO Forumul european privind migrația (FEM)
SK Európske fórum pre migráciu (EMF)
SL Evropski forum za migracije
2811 migration| 2826 social affairs
N
Note(s)
The EMF was created in 2015 to replace the European Integration Forum,
its extended scope now covers topics related to immigration and asylum,
in addition to integration issues.
SV Europeiskt migrationsforum
NO European Migration Forum (EMF)
P
Q
KA მიგრაციის ევროპული ფორუმი (EMF)
R
UK Європейський форум із питань міграції (EMF)
HY
O
Եվրոպական միգրացիոն ֆորում
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
211
European migration
liaison officer (EMLO)
BG европейски служител за връзка по въпросите на
миграцията
CS Evropský styčný důstojník pro migraci
DE Europäischer Verbindungsbeamter für
Migrationsfragen
EL Αξιωματικός σύνδεσμος μετανάστευσης της ΕΕ
EN European migration liaison officer (EMLO)
ES Funcionario de Enlace europeo para Migración
ET Euroopa rändeküsimuste sideohvitser
FI Euroopan muuttoliikeyhteyshenkilö
FR officier de liaison «migration» européen
GA oifigeach Eorpach idirchaidrimh imirce
HR Europski časnik za vezu zadužen za migracije
HU Európai migrációs összekötőtiszt
IT Funzionario europeo di collegamento incaricato
dell’immigrazione
LT Europos migracijos ryšių palaikymo pareigūnas
LV Eiropas migrācijas sadarbības koordinators
MT Uffiċjal (L-) tal-kollegament Ewropew għallmigrazzjoni (UKEM)
NL Europees migratieverbindingsfunctionaris
PL Europejski oficer łącznikowy ds. migracji
PT agente de ligação europeu da migração
RO ofițer de legătură european în materie de migrație
SK Európsky styčný dôstojník pre migráciu (EMLO)
SL evropski uradnik za zvezo za migracije
SV Europeisk sambandsman för migration
NO Europeisk sambandsmann for migrasjon
KA მიგრაციის საკითხებში ევროპის მეკავშირე
Definition(s)
A specialised liaison officer seconded in EU Delegations
in third countries tasked to coordinate and represent
EU interests in the field of migration with the aim
of maximising the impact of EU action on migration
in third countries and enhancing the engagement
of key countries of origin and transit on the entire
spectrum of migration.
Source(s)
Evaluation of Council Regulation (EC) No 377/2004 on
the creation of an immigration liaison officers network:
Final report - Study, 2018
Synonym(s)
EMLO
European migration liaison officer
Related term(s)
Immigration Liaison Officer (ILO)
European return liaison officer (EURLO)
Euro Voc Classification
1006 EU institutions and European civil service| 2811
migration
Note(s)
1. EMLOs work in close cooperation with the immigration liaison officers’
(ILOs) network and with local authorities and civil society, with the purpose
of inter alia gathering, exchanging and analysing information.
2. To avoid the duplication of tasks and ensure ILOs Network
effectiveness, EMLOs are not supposed to interfere in national competences and interests of ILOs, but are supposed to coordinate and support the
ILOs Network, facilitate the contacts between the ILOs by organising
regular meetings and also support the ILOs in the contacts with third
country authorities.
3. EMLOs primarily represent the interests of the EU as a whole vis-à-vis
host country authorities and address EU information needs on irregular
migration.
ოფიცერი (EMLO)
UK Європейський співробітник зі зв’язку з питань
міграції (EMLO)
HY
212
Երրորդ երկրներում ԵՄ պատվիրակություններում
գործուղված միգրացիոն հարցերով
պատասխանատու
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
213
European Migration Network (EMN)
BG Европейска мрежа за миграция
CS Evropská migrační síť
DE Europäisches Migrationsnetzwerk
EL Ευρωπαϊκό Δίκτυο Μετανάστευσης
EN European Migration Network (EMN)
ES Red Europea de Migración
ET Euroopa rändevõrgustik
FI Euroopan muuttoliikeverkosto
FR Réseau européen des migrations (REM)
GA Gréasán Imirce na hEorpa
HR Europska migracijska mreža
HU Európai Migrációs Hálózat (EMH)
IT Rete Europea sulle Migrazioni
LT Europos migracijos tinklas
LV Eiropas migrācijas tīkls
MT Netwerk (In-) Ewropew tal-Migrazzjoni (EMN)
NL Europees Migratienetwerk
PL Europejska Sieć Migracyjna
PT Rede Europeia das Migrações
RO Reţeaua europeană de migrație
SK Európska migračná sieť (EMN)
SL Evropska migracijska mreža
SV Europeiska migrationsnätverket
NO Det europeiske migrasjonsnettverket
KA მიგრაციის ევროპული ქსელი (EMN)
Definition(s)
European Union body established by Council Decision
2008/381/EC that serves to meet the information
needs of Union institutions and of EU Member States’
authorities and institutions, by providing up-to-date,
objective, reliable and comparable information
on migration and asylum, with a view to supporting
policy-making in the European Union in these areas.
Source(s)
Art. 1 of Council Decision 2008/381/EC (European
Migration Network Decision)
Synonym(s)
EMN
European Migration Network
Related term(s)
Africa Caribbean Pacific (ACP) Observatory on Migration
EU Immigration Portal
European Border and Coast Guard Agency (Frontex)
European Union Agency for Asylum (EUAA)
European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA)
Eurostat
National Contact Points on Integration
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
2.2 EU (e.g. Common European Asylum System,
Qualification Directive, European Agenda for Migration)
Euro Voc Classification
1006 EU institutions and European civil service| 2811
migration
UK Європейська міграційна мережа (ЄММ)
HY
214
Եվրոպական Միգրացիոն Ցանց
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
C
D
Note(s)
E
1. The EMN was established in 2008 by the European Commission on
behalf of the European Council in order to satisfy the need of a regular
exchange of reliable information on migration and asylum related issues
on a European level. It also serves to provide the general public with
information on these subjects.
2. The Directorate-General for Migration and Home Affairs of the
European Commission coordinates the EMN, assisted by service providers,
in co-operation with EMN National Contact Points (EMN NCPs) in each EU
Member State which are appointed by the relevant national government.
EMN NCPs are located within Ministries of Interior, Ministries of Justice,
specialised government agencies dealing with migration, research
Institutes, non-governmental organisations and national offices of
international organisations. They are located in all EU Member States
(except DK). Norway, Georgia, the Republic of Moldova, Ukraine,
Montenegro, Armenia and Serbia are EMN observers, but have each
established EMN NCPs. For more information about each EMN NCP see
the EMN members webpage.
A Steering Board, consisting of representatives from each EU Member
State, the European Commission and the European Parliament serves to
provide the political and strategic guidance on the activities of the EMN.
The EMN is funded by the European Commission through the Asylum,
Migration and Integration Fund (AMIF).
3. The EMN produces reports, studies and other publications which
analyse migration and asylum policies and track legislative developments
in this field. The EMN publishes the latest migration and asylum related
developments in a quarterly bulletin and maintains a glossary of
migration and asylum-related terms.
EMN outputs include:
Annual reports on migration and asylum
Studies on relevant topics
Informs on issues of immediate priority
Country factsheets
Ad-hoc queries
The network also organises webinars, roundtables, conferences and other
events on a regular basis, both at EU and national level.
4.The EMN collaborates with other EU level agencies (e.g. European
Union Agency for Asylum (EUAA), European Union Agency for
Fundamental Rights (FRA), European Border and Coast Guard
Agency (Frontex) and institutions and EU funded networks (e.g. the
European Return and Reintegration Network and the European Integrated
Return Management Initiative) on legal and irregular migration and return. It also cooperates with international organizations such
as International Organization for Migration (IOM), United Nations
High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and Organisation for
Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
215
European Neighbourhood
Policy (ENP)
BG Европейска политика за съседство
CS Evropská politika sousedství
DE Europäische Nachbarschaftspolitik (ENP)
EL Ευρωπαϊκή Πολιτική Γειτονίας
EN European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP)
ES Política Europea de Vecindad (PEV)
Definition(s)
A bilateral policy between the European Union and
16 partner countries (the EU’s closest neighbouring
countries), further enriched and complemented by three
regional and multilateral cooperation initiatives.
Source(s)
FI Euroopan naapuruuspolitiikka
Description of the ENP on the Website of the European
Commission and
Website of the EU External Action Service
FR Politique européenne de voisinage (PEV)
Synonym(s)
ET Euroopa naabruspoliitika
GA Beartas Comharsanachta na hEorpa
HR Europska politika susjedstva
ENP
Narrower term(s)
LT Europos kaimynystės politika
Black Sea Synergy
Eastern Partnership (EAP)
Euro-Mediterranean Partnership (EUROMED)
LV Eiropas kaimiņattiecību politika
Related term(s)
HU európai szomszédságpolitika (ESZP)
IT politica europea di vicinato (PEV)
MT Politika (Il-) Ewropea tal-Viċinat / tal-Madwar
NL Europees nabuurschapsbeleid
PL Europejska Polityka Sąsiedztwa
PT Politica Europeia de Vizinhança (PEV)
RO Politica europeană de vecinătate (PEV)
SK Európska susedská politika / Európska politika
susedstva (ENP)
SL Evropska sosedska politika
SV den europeiska grannskapspolitiken
NO Den europeiske naboskapspolitikken
KA ევროპის სამეზობლო პოლიტიკა (ENP)
UK Європейська політика сусідства (ЄПС)
HY
216
Եվրոպական հարևանության քաղաքականություն
Global Approach to Migration and Mobility (GAMM)
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
15.1 EU External dimension of migration and mobility
Euro Voc Classification
10 European Union
Note(s)
1. The ENP was developed in 2004, with the objective of avoiding the
emergence of new dividing lines between the enlarged EU and its
neighbours and instead strengthening the prosperity, stability and security
of all. It is based on the values of democracy, rule of law and respect
of human rights.
2. The three regional and multilateral cooperation initiatives of the ENP
are: the Eastern Partnership (EAP), launched in Prague in May 2009; the
Euro-Mediterranean Partnership (EUROMED), formerly known as the Barcelona Process, re-launched in Paris in July 2008), and the Black Sea
Synergy (launched in Kiev in February 2008).
3. The Lisbon Treaty has allowed the EU to strengthen the delivery of its
foreign policy: cooperation with neighbouring countries can now be
broadened to cover the full range of issues in an integrated and more
effective manner. This was a key driver for initiating a review of the ENP in
summer 2010.
4. For up-to-date information on the ENP, see the webpage of the EU
External Action Service on the ENP.
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
European return liaison
officer (EURLO)
BG европейски служител за връзка по въпросите на
връщането
A
B
C
D
Definition(s)
E
ES Funcionario de enlace europeo para el Retorno
A specialised liaison officer deployed to third
countries in view of representing European Union
return interests by verifying the identity of irregularly
staying third-country nationals, capacity building
in the field of return, supporting the organisation
of joint return operations under coordination of
the European Border and Coast Guard Agency
(Frontex) and to facilitate the implementation
of reintegration and post-arrival assistance.
ET Euroopa tagasisaatmise sideohvitser
Source(s)
I
CS Evropský styčný důstojník pro návraty
DE Europäischer Verbindungsbeamter für Rückkehrfragen
/ Europäischer Verbindungsbeamter für
Rückführungsfragen
EL Αξιωματικός σύνδεσμος της ΕΕ για τις επιστροφές
EN European return liaison officer (EURLO)
FI Euroopan palauttamisasioiden yhteyshenkilö (EURLO)
FR officier de liaison retour européen
GA oifigeach idirchaidrimh um fhilleadh
HR Europski časnik za vezu zadužen za vraćanje
HU Európai visszatérési összekötőtiszt
IT Funzionario europeo incaricato del rimpatrio
LT Europos grąžinimo ryšių palaikymo pareigūnas
LV Eiropas atgriešanas sadarbības koordinators
MT Uffiċjal (L-) tal-Kollegament Ewropew għar-Ritorn
(UKER)
SL evropski uradnik za zvezo za vračanje
NO Europeisk sambandsmann for retur
KA დაბრუნების საკითხებში ევროპის მეკავშირე
ოფიცერი (EURLO)
UK Європейський співробітник зі зв’язку з питань
повернення (EURLO)
HY
ԵՄ-ի՝ վերադարձի հարցերով երրորդ երկրներ
գործուղված պատասխանատու
K
L
M
Related term(s)
N
Euro Voc Classification
SV Europeisk sambandsman för återvändande
J
European return liaison officer
EUR-LO
PL Europejski oficer łącznikowy ds. powrotów
SK Európsky styčný dôstojník pre návraty (EURLO)
H
Synonym(s)
NL Europees verbindingsfunctionaris voor terugkeer /
Europees verbindingsambtenaar voor terugkeer
RO ofițer european de legătură pentru returnare
G
Proposal for a Regulation on the creation of a European
network of immigration liaison officers (Recast),
COM(2018) 303 final and
European Commission Staff Working Document:
Evaluation of the Council Regulation (EC)377/2004 on
the creation of an immigration liaison officers network,
SWD(2018)197 final.
Immigration Liaison Officer (ILO)
European migration liaison officer (EMLO)
PT agente de ligação para o regresso
F
O
2811 migration
P
Note(s)
Q
1. As a response to the immigration liaison officers (ILOs) having to
take more and more tasks in the context of return, a network of return
liaison officers was developed in 2013 under the Asylum, Migration and
Integration Fund (AMIF), Specific Actions, aiming at increasing the
number of joint return operations and enhancing integrated operational
cooperation on return amongst EU/EFTA Member States, the EU
Commission, partner authorities in third countries, European Border and
Coast Guard Agency, international Organisations and NGOs. The EURLOs
are posted in diplomatic missions of EU Member States, CH and NO.
2. Since the adoption of Council Regulation (EC) No 377/2004
(ILO-Regulation) additional specialised officers were set up for different
tasks such as the EURLOs, the European Migration Liaison Officers
(EMLOs) and the European Border and Coast Guard Agency Liaison
Officers.
3. In 2016, the EU Commission carried out an evaluation of the
ILO-Regulation of 2004 to ensure better cooperation of immigration
liaisons officers, including those of the Commission and Union Agencies
deployed to third countries to more effectively respond to EU priorities in
terms of preventing and combating irregular migration, as well as
facilitating the return of irregularly staying third-country nationals and
supporting management of legal immigration. For further information
see: Evaluation of the Council Regulation (EC) 377/2004 on the creation
of an immigration liaison officers network: final report, 2018, and Briefing
to the European Parliament: Revision of the immigration liaison officers
network Regulation (EC) 377/2004.
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
217
European travel document for return
BG Европейски пътен документ за връщане
CS Evropský cestovní doklad pro návrat
DE europäisches Reisedokument für die Rückkehr
(EU-acquis); europäisches Reisedokument für die
Rückführung
EL ευρωπαϊκό ταξιδιωτικό έγγραφο για την επιστροφή
των παρανόμως διαμενόντων υπηκόων τρίτων
χωρών
EN European travel document for return
ES Documento de viaje europeo para el retorno
ET Euroopa tagasisaatmise reisidokument
FI palauttamista varten myönnettävä eurooppalainen
matkustusasiakirja
FR Document de voyage européen destiné au retour
GA Doiciméad taistil Eorpach um fhilleadh
HR Europska putna isprava za vraćanje
HU visszaküldéshez kiállított európai úti okmány
IT documento di viaggio europeo per il rimpatrio
LT Europos kelionės dokumentas neteisėtai ES
esantiems trečiųjų šalių piliečiams grąžinti
Definition(s)
A secure and uniform document for the return of
illegally staying third-country nationals to facilitate
the return and readmission of third-country
nationals staying illegally on the territory of the parties
to the Schengen Agreement.
Source(s)
Derived by EMN from Regulation (EU) 2016/1953
(Regulation establishing a European travel document for
the return of illegally staying third-country nationals)
Synonym(s)
European travel document for the return of illegally
staying third-country nationals
Broader term(s)
travel document
Related term(s)
fraudulent travel or identity document
identity document
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration
LV Eiropas ceļošanas dokuments personu atgriešanai
MT Dokument tal-ivvjaġġar Ewropew għar-ritorn
NL Europees reisdocument voor terugkeer
PL Europejski dokument podróży do celów powrotu
PT Documento de viagem europeu para o regresso (dos
nacionais de países terceiros em situação irregular)
RO document european de călătorie pentru returnare
SK európsky cestovný doklad pre návrat
SL evropska potna listina za vrnitev
SV europeisk resehandling för återvändande av
tredjelandsmedborgare
NO Europeisk reisedokument for retur
KA ევროპული დასაბრუნებელი სამგზავრო
დოკუმენტი
UK Європейський проїзний документ для повернення
HY
218
ԵՄ վերադարձի ճանապարհորդական
փաստաթուղթ
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
European Travel Information and
Authorisation System (ETIAS)
BG Европейска информационна система за
разрешение за пътуване
A
B
C
D
Definition(s)
E
DE Europäisches Reiseinformations- und
-genehmigungssystem
An automated online system for identifying irregular
migration, security or public-health risks associated
with visa-exempt third-country nationals travelling to
the EU prior to their arrival.
EL Σύστημα πληροφοριών και άδειας ταξιδίου της ΕΕ
Source(s)
G
CS Evropský informační systém pro cestovní povolení
European Parliament, Think Tank: Briefing on the
European Travel and Authorisation System (ETIAS),
18.10.2018 and
Regulation (EU) 2018/1240 establishing a European
Travel Information and Authorisation System (ETIASRegulation)
EN European Travel Information and Authorisation
System (ETIAS)
ES Sistema Europeo de Información y Autorización de
Viajes
ET ELi reisiinfo ja -lubade süsteem
FI EU:n matkustustieto- ja -lupajärjestelmä (ETIAS)
F
H
I
Synonym(s)
J
GA Córas an Aontais Eorpaigh um Fhaisnéis agus Údarú
Taistil
Related term(s)
K
HR Europski sustav za informacije o putovanjima i
odobravanje putovanja (ETIAS)
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
L
FR Système européen d’information et d’autorisation
concernant les voyages
ETIAS
HU Európai Utasinformációs és Engedélyezési Rendszer
IT Sistema europeo di informazione e autorizzazione ai
viaggi
European Border and Coast Guard Agency (Frontex)
6.1 Entry Conditions and Procedures| 13. Irregular
Migration
M
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration
N
Note(s)
O
LT Europos kelionių informacijos ir leidimų sistema
LV Eiropas ceļošanas informācijas un atļauju sistēma
MT Sistema Ewropea ta’ Informazzjoni u Awtorizzazzjoni
għall-Ivvjaġġar
NL Europees systeem voor reisinformatie en -autorisatie
PL Europejski System Informacji o Podróży oraz
Zezwoleń na Podróż
PT Sistema Europeu de Informação e Autorização de
Viagem
1. The Regulation lays down the conditions under which EU Member
States’ designated authorities and Europol may consult data stored in
the ETIAS Central System for the purposes of the prevention, detection
and investigation of terrorist offences or of other serious criminal offences
falling under their competence.
2. ETIAS is managed by the European Agency for the Operational Management of Large-Scale Information Systems in the area of freedom, security
and justice (eu-LISA). The central unit is part of the European Border
and Coast Guard Agency (Frontex) and ensures that the data stored in
the application files and the data recorded in ETIAS are correct and up to
date.
RO Sistemul european de informații și de autorizare
privind călătoriile
P
Q
R
S
SK Európsky systém pre cestovné informácie a povolenia
(ETIAS)
T
SL Evropski sistem za potovalne informacije in odobritve
U
SV EU-system för reseuppgifter och resetillstånd
V
NO Europeisk system for reiseinformasjon og
autorisasjon
KA ევროკავშირის სამგზავრო ინფორმაციისა და
W
UK Європейська система інформації та авторизації
подорожей (ETIAS)
X
HY
Y
ავტორიზაციის სისტემა (ETIAS)
ԵՄ-ի ճանապարհորդական տեղեկությունների և
թույլտվության համակարգ
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
219
European Union Agency
for Asylum (EUAA)
BG Агенция на Европейския съюз в областта на
убежището
CS Agentura Evropské unie pro otázky azylu
DE Asylagentur der Europäischen Union (EUAA)
EL Οργανισμός της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης για το Άσυλο
EN European Union Agency for Asylum (EUAA)
ES Agencia de Asilo de la Unión Europea
ET Euroopa Liidu Varjupaigaamet
FI Euroopan unionin turvapaikkavirasto (EUAA)
FR Agence de l’Union européenne pour l’asile (AUEA)
GA Gníomhaireacht níomhaireacht an Aontais Eorpaigh
um Thearmann
HR Agencija Europske unije za azil (EUAA)
HU Az Európai Unió Menekültügyi Ügynöksége
IT Agenzia dell’Unione Europea per l’Asilo
LT Europos Sąjungos prieglobsčio agentūra
LV Eiropas Savienības Patvēruma aģentūra (ESPA)
MT Aġenzija tal-Unjoni Ewropea għall-Ażil
NL Asielagentschap van de Europese Unie
PL Agencja Unii Europejskiej ds. Azylu
PT Agência da União Europeia para o Asilo
RO Agenția Uniunii Europene pentru Azil
SK Agentúra Európskej únie pre azyl (EUAA)
SL Agencija Evropske unije za azil
SV Europeiska unionens asylbyrå
NO Den europeiske unions asylbyrå
KA ევროპის თავშესაფრის სააგენტო (EUAA)
UK Агентство Європейського Союзу з питань притулку
(EUAA)
HY
220
Եվրոպական միության ապաստանի
գործակալություն
Definition(s)
European Union agency tasked with ensuring
the efficient and uniform application of EU law
on asylum, international protection and reception
conditions in the EU Member States in a manner that
fully respects fundamental rights, and with facilitating
and supporting the activities of EU Member States in
the implementation of the Common European Asylum
System (CEAS).
Source(s)
Derived by EMN from Art.1 of Regulation (EU)
2021/2303 (EUAA Regulation) and
the Website of the EUAA
Synonym(s)
EUAA
EU Agency for Asylum
European Union Agency for Asylum
Broader term(s)
international protection
Related term(s)
Common European Asylum System (CEAS)
European Asylum Support Office (EASO)
European Border and Coast Guard Agency (Frontex)
European Migration Network (EMN)
European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA)
General Directors’ Immigration Services Conference
(GDISC)
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
2.2 EU (e.g. Common European Asylum System,
Qualification Directive, European Agenda for Migration)|
4.1 International protection
Euro Voc Classification
1006 EU institutions and European civil service| 2811
migration
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
C
D
Note(s)
E
1. On 19 January 2022, the European Union Agency for Asylum (EUAA)
was established by Regulation (EU) 2021/2302 (EUAA Regulation). The
EUAA replaces and succeeds the European Asylum Support Office
(EASO) which was established in 2010 and took up its responsibilities on
1 February 2011.
2. The Agency acts as a resource for EU Member States in the field of
international protection, with the ability to provide practical, legal,
technical, advisory and operational assistance in many formats, as well as
training. The aim of the Agency’s activities is to enable convergence in the
assessment of applications for international protection across EU
Member States and to harmonise asylum practice.
3. Among other tasks the Agency
facilitates, coordinates and strengthens practical cooperation among EU
Member States on their asylum and reception systems;
gathers and analyses qualitative and quantitative information on the
situation of asylum in EU Member States and on the implementation of
the CEAS including monitoring the operational and technical application
of the CEAS;
develops operational standards, indicators, guidelines and best
practices in regard to the implementation of the CEAS;
drafts common country of origin reports and develops common analysis
and guidance notes on countries of origin;
deploys liaison officers to EU Member states, sets up and deploys
asylum support teams and an asylum reserve pool for EU Member
States under pressure;
assists with relocation and resettlement activities;
supports EU Member States in their cooperation with third countries in
matters related to the external dimension of the CEAS, including
through the deployment of liaison officers to third countries.
(For more information see Art. 2 of the EUAA-Regulation).
4. The EUAA cooperates closely with the asylum and immigration
authorities of the EU Member States and with the European Commission.
However, the Agency does not replace the national asylum or reception
authorities, nor does it have any powers in relation to the decisions of EU
Member States’ asylum authorities on individual applications for
international protection.
5. The EUAA cooperates with the Union bodies, offices and agencies which
carry out activities in the field of international protection and reception with the aim to creating synergies and avoiding duplication of efforts
as well as with international organisations, in particular the United
Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). For more
information see Articles 4, 37 and 38 of the EUAA Regulation.
6. For more information on the EUAA, see the website of the EUAA.
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
221
European Union Agency for Criminal
Justice Cooperation (Eurojust)
BG
CS Agentura Evropské unie pro justiční spolupráci v
trestních věcech
DE Agentur der Europäischen Union für justizielle
Zusammenarbeit in Strafsachen (Eurojust) / Eurojust
EL Οργανισμός της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης για τη
συνεργασία στον τομέα της ποινικής δικαιοσύνης
(Eurojust)
LV Eiropas Savienības Aģentūra tiesu iestāžu sadarbībai
krimināllietās
MT Aġenżija tal-Unjoni Ewropea għall-Kooperazzjoni
fil-Qasam tal-Ġustizzja Kriminali (Eurojust)
NL Agentschap van de Europese Unie voor justitiële
samenwerking in strafzaken (Eurojust)
PL Agencja Unii Europejskiej ds. Współpracy Wymiarów
Sprawiedliwości w Sprawach Karnych
EN European Union Agency for Criminal Justice
Cooperation (Eurojust)
PT Eurojust - Agência Europeia para a Cooperação
Judiciária Penal
ES Agencia de la Unión Europea para la Cooperación
Judicial Penal (Eurojust)
RO Agenția Uniunii Europene pentru Cooperarea în
Materie de Justiție Penală (Eurojust)
ET Euroopa Liidu Kriminaalõigusalase Koostöö Amet
(Eurojust)
SK Agentúra Európskej únie pre justičnú spoluprácu v
trestných veciach (Eurojust) / Eurojust
FI Euroopan unionin rikosoikeudellisen yhteistyön virasto
(Eurojust)
SL Agencija Evropske unije za pravosodno sodelovanje v
kazenskih zadevah / Eurojust
FR Agence de l’Union européenne pour la coopération
judiciaire en matière pénale (Eurojust)
SV Europeiska unionens byrå för straffrättsligt
samarbete (Eurojust)
GA
NO (Eurojust) EUs byrå for strafferettssamarbeid
HR Agencija Europske unije za suradnju u kaznenom
pravosuđu (Eurojust)
KA სისხლის სამართლის სფეროში
HU Az Európai Unió Büntető Igazságügyi Együttműködési
Ügynöksége (Eurojust)
IT
LT Europos Sąjungos bendradarbiavimo baudžiamosios
teisenos srityje agentūra (Eurojust)
222
თანამშრომლობის ევროკავშირის სააგენტო
(Eurojust)
UK Агентство Європейського Союзу з питань
співробітництва у сфері кримінальної юстиції
(Євроюст)
HY
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
Եվրոպական միության քրեական
արդարադատության գործակալություն (Եվրաջասթ)
A
B
C
Definition(s)
European Union agency that provides tailor-made
support to prosecutors and judges from across the EU
and beyond to fight a wide range of serious and complex
cross-border crimes involving two or more countries,
including smuggling of migrants and trafficking in
human beings.
Source(s)
Derived by EMN from the Website of Eurojust and
IATE
Synonym(s)
Eurojust
European Union Agency for Criminal Justice Cooperation
Related term(s)
European Border and Coast Guard Agency (Frontex)
European Union Agency for Law Enforcement
Cooperation (Europol)
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
2.2 EU (e.g. Common European Asylum System,
Qualification Directive, European Agenda for Migration)|
13.1 Migrant smuggling| 13.2 Trafficking in human
beings
D
Note(s)
1. Eurojust’s analytical and operational work makes the Agency a key
actor in the judicial response to migrant smuggling and trafficking in
human beings in the EU.
2. Since each participating EU Member State has a national member at
Eurojust, the Agency is able to coordinate parallel investigations in several
countries where victims of trafficking in human beings are recruited,
exploited and transported through or moved. To combat trafficking in
human beings, Eurojust assists the national judicial authorities inter alia in
the following areas:
gathering evidence and sharing information;
creating joint investigation teams;
swift execution of judicial cooperation tools;
identification, localisation, protection and welfare of victims;
coordinating with third countries;
sharing expertise on trafficking in human beings.
3. The investigations coordinated through Eurojust aim to cover criminal
activity along all major migrant smuggling routes to the European Union.
The cases regularly involve the full participation of third countries.
Eurojust has designated contact points in non-EU countries with whom it
can liaise at both strategic and operational level in specific cases.
Furthermore, Eurojust helps involved authorities to develop links with
relevant European and international organisations.
4. To further strengthen the fight against migrant smuggling, Eurojust
launched a Focus Group of Prosecutors and Investigative Judges Fighting
Migrant Smuggling in April 2020. It is composed of prosecutors and
investigative judges from EU Member States specialised in migrant
smuggling cases and brings together all concerned actors in the security
and criminal justice chain. Europol’s European Migrant Smuggling Centre
(EMSC) also joined this new initiative.
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
Euro Voc Classification
1216 criminal law| 1221 justice| 2811 migration
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
223
European Union Agency for
Fundamental Rights (FRA)
BG Агенция на Европейския съюз за основните права
CS Agentura Evropské unie pro základní práva
Definition(s)
ES Agencia de Derechos Fundamentales de la Unión
Europea
An European Union agency which provides independent,
evidence-based advice on fundamental rights to the
relevant institutions and authorities of the European
Union and the EU Member States in order to support
them when implementing Union law, taking measures
or formulating courses of action within their respective
spheres of competence to fully respect fundamental
rights.
ET Euroopa Liidu Põhiõiguste Amet
Source(s)
DE Agentur der Europäischen Union für Grundrechte
EL Οργανισμός Θεμελιωδών Δικαιωμάτων της
Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης
EN European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA)
FI Euroopan unionin perusoikeusvirasto
FR Agence des droits fondamentaux de l’Union
européenne
Art. 2 of Council Regulation (EC) No 168/2007 (FRA
Regulation)
Synonym(s)
HR Agencija Europske unije za temeljna prava (FRA)
European Fundamental Rights Agency
FRA
Fundamental Rights Agency
HU Az Európai Unió Alapjogi Ügynöksége
Broader term(s)
GA Gníomhaireacht an Aontais Eorpaigh um Chearta
Bunúsacha
IT Agenzia dell’Unione Europea per i Diritti Fondamentali
LT Europos Sąjungos pagrindinių teisių agentūra
fundamental rights
Related term(s)
PT Agência dos Direitos Fundamentais da UE
Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union
European Border and Coast Guard Agency (Frontex)
European Union Agency for Asylum (EUAA)
European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR)
European Migration Network (EMN)
human rights
RO Agenţia pentru Drepturi Fundamentale a Uniunii
Europene
1006 EU institutions and European civil service
LV Eiropas Savienības Pamattiesību aģentūra
MT Aġenzija tal-Unjoni Ewropea għad-Drittijiet
Fundamentali
NL Bureau van de Europese Unie voor de grondrechten
PL Agencja Praw Podstawowych Unii Europejskiej
SK Agentúra Európskej únie pre základné práva (FRA)
SL Agencija Evropske unije za temeljne pravice
SV Europeiska unionens byrå för grundläggande
rättigheter
NO Den europeiske unions byrå for grunnleggende
rettigheter (b); Byrået for grunnleggjande rettar i Den
europeiske unionen (n)
KA ევროკავშირის ძირითად უფლებათა სააგენტო
(FRA)
Euro Voc Classification
Note(s)
1. The European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights was inaugurated
on 1 March 2007. It was established by Council Regulation (EC) No
168/2007 (FRA Regulation) as the successor to the European Monitoring
Centre on Racism and Xenophobia (EUMCI).
2. Its tasks, which are laid down in Art. 4 of the Regulation, include
information and data collection, research and analysis; advice to EU
institutions and EU Member States; cooperation with civil society and
awareness raising.
3. For more information, see the website of FRA.
UK Агентство Європейського Союзу з основних прав
(FRA)
HY
224
Եվրոպական միության հիմնարար իրավունքների
գործակալություն
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
225
European Union Agency for Law
Enforcement Cooperation (Europol)
BG Европол
CS Agentura Evropské unie pro spolupráci v oblasti
prosazování práva/ Europol
NL Agentschap van de Europese Unie voor
samenwerking op het gebied van rechtshandhaving
(Europol)
DE Agentur der Europäischen Union für die
Zusammenarbeit auf dem Gebiet der Strafverfolgung
(Europol) / Europol
PL Europol - Europejski Urząd Policji
PT Europol - Agência da União Europeia para a
Cooperação Policial
EL Ευρωπόλ (Europol) / Οργανισμός της ΕΕ για τη
συνεργασία στον τομέα της επιβολής του νόμου
RO Agenția Uniunii Europene pentru Cooperare în
Materie de Aplicare a Legii (Europol)
EN European Union Agency for Law Enforcement
Cooperation (Europol)
SK Agentúra Európskej únie pre spoluprácu v oblasti
presadzovania práva (Europol) / Europol
ES Europol
SL Agencija Evropske unije za sodelovanje na področju
preprečevanja, odkrivanja in preiskovanja kaznivih
dejanj / Europol
ET Euroopa Liidu Õiguskaitsekoostöö Amet (Europol)
FI Euroopan unionin lainvalvontayhteistyövirasto
(Europol)
FR Agence de l’Union européenne pour la coopération
des services répressifs (Europol)
GA Europol
HR Europol (EUs organisasjon for politisamarbeid)
HU A Bűnüldözési Együttműködés Európai Uniós
Ügynöksége (Europol)
SV Europeiska unionens byrå för samarbete inom
brottsbekämpning (Europol)
NO Den europeiske unions organisasjon for
kriminalitetsbekjempelse og politisamarbeid (Europol)
(b); Organisasjonen i den europeiske union for
kriminalitetsbekjemping og politisamarbeid (Europol)
(n)
KA ევროკავშირის სამართალდაცვით სფეროში
თანამშრომლობის სააგენტო.(Europol/
ევროპოლი)
IT Europol
LT Europolas
LV Eiropas Savienības Aģentūra tiesībaizsardzības
sadarbībai (Eiropols)
MT Aġenzija tal-Unjoni Ewropea għall-Kooperazzjoni
fil-Qasam tal-Infurzar tal-Liġijiet (Europol)
226
UK Агентство Європейського Союзу зі співробітництва
правоохоронних органів (Європол)
HY
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
Եվրոպոլ / Եվրոպական Միության իրավապահ
համագործակցության գործակալություն
A
B
C
Definition(s)
European Union agency which assists EU Member
States’ police forces in improving their cooperation on
the prevention and fight against all forms of serious
international and organised crime, including smuggling
of migrants and trafficking in human
beings, especially via its European Migrant Smuggling
Centre (EMSC).
Source(s)
Derived by EMN from the Website of Europol
Synonym(s)
European Police Office
Related term(s)
European Union Agency for Criminal Justice Cooperation
(Eurojust)
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
13.3 Crimes related to migration
Euro Voc Classification
10 European Union
D
Note(s)
1. The establishment of the European Police Office was agreed to in the
Treaty on the European Union (TEU) that came into effect in November
1993. The agency started limited operations on 3 January 1994, as the
Europol Drugs Unit (EDU). The Europol Convention was signed on 26 July
1995, and came into force in October 1998 after being ratified by all EU
Member States. Europol commenced its full activities on 1 July 1999.
Europol came under the European Union’s competence with the Lisbon
Treaty, and the Convention was replaced by a Council Decision in 2009.It
was reformed as a full EU agency on 1 January 2010.
2. Europol which is based in The Hague serves as an European Union
centre of expertise, providing a central platform for law enforcement
experts from the European Union countries. Europol’s analytical and
operational work usually consists of dealing with crimes that require an
international approach and cooperation between several countries, inside
and outside the EU. The decision on which crimes to prioritise is shaped by
the European Multidisciplinary Platform Against Criminal Threats
(EMPACT). Mi-grant smuggling and trafficking in human beings are among
the current priorities.
3. Europol has no executive powers. Europol officers are not entitled to
conduct investigations in the EU Member States nor do they have direct
powers of arrest. Supporting police and border authorities to coordinate
anti-smuggling operations is the primary objective of the EMSC
established in 2016. The EMSC closely cooperates with its partner EU
Agencies dealing with judicial cooperation (European Union Agency for
Criminal Justice Cooperation (Eurojust)) and border management (European Border and Coast Guard Agency (Frontex)).
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
227
European Union Emergency Trust
Fund for Africa (EUTF for Africa)
BG Европейски доверителен фонд за спешна помощ
за Африка
LT Europos Sąjungosskubiosios pagalbos Afrikai patikos
fondas
CS Svěřenecký fond Evropské unie pro Afriku
LV Eiropas Savienības Ārkārtas trasta fonds Āfrikai
DE Nothilfe-Treuhandfonds der Europäischen Union für
Afrika
MT Fond Fiduċjarju ta’ Emerġenza tal-Unjoni Ewropea
għall-Afrika
EL Ευρωπαϊκό καταπιστευματικό Ταμείο εκτάκτου ανάγκης
για την Αφρική / Ταμείο Αρωγής εκτάκτου ανάγκης για
τη σταθερότητα και την αντιμετώπιση των βαθύτερων
αιτίων της παράνομης μετανάστευσης στην Αφρική
NL EU Noodfonds voor Afrika
EN European Union Emergency Trust Fund for Africa
(EUTF for Africa)
RO Fondul fiduciar de urgență al Uniunii Europene pentru
Africa (EUTF pentru Africa)
ES Fondo fiduciario de emergencia de la Unión Europea
para África
SK Núdzový trustový fond Európskej únie pre Afriku /
Núdzový zverenecký fond Európskej únie pre Afriku /
Núdzový trustový fond EÚ pre stabilitu a riešenie
základných príčin neregulárnej migrácie a
vysídľovania osôb v Afrike (EUTF for Africa)
ET Euroopa Liidu Aafrika hädaolukorra usaldusfond
FI Euroopan Unionin Afrikka-hätärahasto
FR Fonds fiduciaire d’urgence de l’Union européenne
pour l’Afrique
GA Ciste Iontaobhais Éigeandála an Aontais Eorpaigh
don Afraic
PL Fundusz Powierniczy UE na rzecz Afryki
PT Fundo Fiduciário de Emergência da UE para África
SL Nujni skrbniški sklad EU za Afriko
SV Europeiska unionens förvaltningsfond för nödåtgärder
i Afrika
HR Krizni uzajamni fond EU-a za Afriku
NO European Union Emergency Trust Fund for Africa (no
usual translation)
HU Uniós Szükséghelyzeti Alap Afrikáért
KA ევროკავშირის საგანგებო სიტუაციების
IT Fondo fiduciario d’emergenza dell’Unione Europea per
l’Africa
სატრასტო ფონდი აფრიკისთვის (EUTF
აფრიკისთვის)
UK Надзвичайний трастовий фонд ЄС для Африки
HY
228
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
Եվրոպական Միության Արտակարգ իրավիճակների
օգնության հիմնադրամ Աֆրիկայի համար
A
B
C
D
Definition(s)
Fund aiming to foster stability in a wide range
of countries across Africa that encompass the
major migration routes to Europe and to contribute
to better migration management by addressing the
root causes of destabilisation, forced displacement
and irregular migration and by promoting economic
and equal opportunities, security and development and
a tighter Africa-EU cooperation on issues of migration
control, return and readmission.
E
Source(s)
I
F
G
H
Website of the EUTF for Africa and
Factsheet on the EUTF for Africa
J
Synonym(s)
EU Emergency Trust Fund for Africa
European Union Emergency Trust Fund for stability and
addressing root causes of irregular migration and
displaced persons in Africa
EUTF for Africa
K
L
M
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
15.1 EU External dimension of migration and mobility
N
Euro Voc Classification
10 European Union
O
Note(s)
P
1. The EUTF for Africa was formally adopted at the Valletta Summit on 12
November 2015 by EU Member States, CH, NO and 23 African countries
(the Sahel region and Lake Chad, the Horn of Africa and the North of
Africa).
2. It focuses on the following areas:
a) economic programs with particular attention to employment creation;
b) resilience projects geared to improving food security and to providing
services for local communities and refugees;
c) migration management, including fight against irregular migration
and smuggling of migrants, return, readmission and reintegration, international protection and asylum, legal migration and mobility;
d) governance and security, including interventions in the fields of rule of
law, security and development, border management and conflict-prevention systems.
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
229
Eurostat
BG Евростат
CS Eurostat
Definition(s)
DE Eurostat
The Statistical Office of the European Union within the
European Commission.
EL Ευρωπαϊκή Στατιστική Υπηρεσία
Source(s)
EN Eurostat
Website of Eurostat
ES Eurostat
Related term(s)
ET Eurostat
European Migration Network (EMN)
FI Eurostat
Euro Voc Classification
FR Eurostat
GA Eurostat
HR Eurostat
HU Eurostat
IT Eurostat
LT Afrikai patikos fondas
LV Eurostat
MT Eurostat (L-)
NL Eurostat
PL Eurostat
PT Eurostat
RO Eurostat
SK Štatistický úrad Európskych spoločenstiev / Eurostat
SL Eurostat
1006 EU institutions and European civil service
Note(s)
1. Eurostat was established in 1953.
2. Its task is to provide the European Union with statistics at European
level that enable comparisons between countries and regions.
3. The European Migration Network (EMN) cooperates with Eurostat by
harmonising statistics from the European Statistical System (ESS) to a
single methodology, making the statistics comparable.
4. Regulation (EC) No 862/2007 (Migration Statistics Regulation) establishes common rules for the collection and compilation of Community
statistics (for submission to Eurostat) on:
(a) immigration and emigration flows;
(b) citizenship and country of birth of persons usually resident in the
territory of the EU Member States;
c) administrative and judicial procedures and processes in the EU Member
States relating to immigration, granting of permission to reside,
citizenship, asylum and other forms of international protection and
prevention of irregular migration.
5. For more information, see the website of Eurostat.
SV Eurostat
NO Eurostat
KA ევროსტატი (Eurostat)
UK Євростат
HY
230
Եվրոպական վիճակագրական ծառայություն
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
evidence assessment
BG оценка на доказателствата
CS hodnocení důkazů
DE Beweiswürdigung
EL Αξιολόγηση αποδεικτικών στοιχείων
EN evidence assessment
ES Prueba de evaluación
ET tõendite hindamine
FI todisteiden arviointi
FR évaluation des éléments de preuve
GA measúnú fianaise
HR procjena dokaza
HU bizonyítékok értékelése
IT valutazione delle prove
LT įrodymų vertinimas
C
D
Definition(s)
Primary method of establishing the facts of an individual
case through the process of examining and comparing
available pieces of evidence.
Source(s)
F
EASO: Practical Guide on Evidence Assessment. - March
2015.
G
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
H
Euro Voc Classification
I
6.3 Specific aspects of migration procedures
12 Law
J
Note(s)
The term is not only relevant in the context of international
protection and asylum but in other migration procedures such as visa
application procedures as well.
K
L
LV pierādījumu izvērtēšana
MT Valutazzjoni tal-evidenza
M
NL beoordeling van het bewijs
PL ocena dowodu
N
PT avaliação da prova
RO evaluarea probelor
O
SK hodnotenie dôkazov
SL presoja dokazov
P
SV bevisvärdering
NO bevisvurdering
Q
KA მტკიცებულებათა შეფასება
R
UK оцінка доказів
HY
E
ապացուցման տվյալների գնահատում
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
231
examination of an application
for international protection
BG разглеждане на молба за международна закрила
CS posouzení žádosti o mezinárodní ochranu
DE Prüfung eines Antrags auf internationalen Schutz
EL εξέταση αίτησης διεθνούς προστασίας
EN examination of an application for international
protection
ES examen de una solicitud de protección internacional
ET rahvusvahelise kaitse taotluse läbivaatamine
FI kansainvälistä suojelua koskevan hakemuksen
käsittely
FR examen d’une demande de protection internationale
Definition(s)
Any examination of, or decision or ruling concerning,
an application for international protection by the
competent authorities in accordance with Directive
2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Procedures Directive) and
Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive) ,
except for procedures for determining the EU Member
State responsible in accordance with Regulation (EU) No
604/2013 (Dublin III Regulation) .
Source(s)
Art. 2(d) of Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 (Dublin III
Regulation)
GA iniúchadh ar iarratas ar chosaint idirnáisiúnta
Broader term(s)
HR odlučivanje o osnovanosti zahtjeva za međunarodnu
zaštitu
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
HU nemzetközi védelem iránti kérelem vizsgálata
IT esame della domanda di protezione internazionale
LT tarptautinės apsaugos prašymo nagrinėjimas (EU
acquis); prašymo suteikti prieglobstį nagrinėjimas
application for international protection
6.2 Procedure for international protection/Refugee status
determination
Euro Voc Classification
1011 European Union law| 2811 migration
LV starptautiskās aizsardzības pieteikuma izskatīšana
MT Tgħarbil / Eżami ta’ applikazzjoni għall-protezzjoni
internazzjonali
NL behandeling van een verzoek om internationale
bescherming
PL rozpatrywanie wniosku o udzielenie ochrony
międzynarodowej
PT análise de um pedido de proteção internacional
RO examinarea unei cereri de protecție internațională
SK posúdenie žiadosti o medzinárodnú ochranu /
posúdenie žiadosti o udelenie medzinárodnej ochrany
(EU acquis); posúdenie žiadosti o udelenie azylu
SL obravnavanje prošnje za mednarodno zaščito
SV prövning av ansökan om internationellt skydd
NO vurdering av søknad om internasjonal beskyttelse (b);
vurdering av søknad om internasjonalt vern (n)
KA საერთაშორისო დაცვის მოთხოვნის შესახებ
განცხადების განხილვა
UK розгляд заяви про надання міжнародного захисту
HY
232
միջազգային պաշտպանության դիմումի քննություն
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
exclusion clause
BG изключваща клауза
CS exkluzivní klauzule / vylučovací klauzule
DE Ausschlussklausel
EL ρήτρα αποκλεισμού
EN exclusion clause
ES cláusula de exclusión
ET välistav klausel
FI poissulkemislauseke
FR clause d’exclusion
GA clásal eisiaimh
C
D
Definition(s)
Specifically, any of the provisions of the Geneva
Refugee Convention and Protocol, such as articles
1D, 1E and 1F, which mandatorily deny the benefits
of refugee status to persons who already received UN
or national protection, or to persons about whom there
are good reasons to believe that they have committed
a war crime, a crime against humanity, a serious
non-political crime, or acts contrary to the purposes and
principles of the UN (e.g. the persecution of others).
E
Source(s)
I
HR klauzula isključenja
Art. 1D, 1E and 1F of the Geneva Refugee Convention
and Protocol
HU kizáró klauzulák
Related term(s)
F
G
H
J
LT prašymo atmetimo pagrindai
crime against humanity
war crime
K
LV izslēgšanas noteikums
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
L
Euro Voc Classification
M
IT clausola di esclusione
MT Klawsola ta’ tbarrija / t’esklużjoni
NL uitsluitingsgronden
PL klauzula wykluczenia
PT cláusulas de exclusão
RO cauză de excludere
SK doložka o vylúčení / vylučovacia klauzula /
vylučovacie ustanovenie
SL izključitvena klavzula
4.1 International protection
1011 European Union law| 1231 international law|
2811 migration
N
Note(s)
O
The EU asylum acquis (see for example Art. 12 and 17 of Directive
2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive) has incorporated these
Geneva Refugee Convention clauses whilst additionally stipulating
exclusion clauses in relation to subsidiary protection.
P
SV undantagsklausul / uteslutandeklausul
Q
NO unntaksbestemmelse (b); unntaksføresegn (n)
KA გამორიცხვის დებულება
R
UK застереження про виключення
HY
S
բացառման պայման
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
233
ex-nunc examination
BG ex-nunc проверки /проверки, които следва да
бъдат направени от даден момент нататък
CS ex-nunc přezkum
DE Ex-nunc-Prüfung; Entscheidung ohne
Neuerungsverbot (AT)
EL ex nunc εξέταση
EN ex-nunc examination
ES Examen ex nunc
ET ex-nunc läbivaatamine
Definition(s)
In appeals procedures, a court’s or tribunal’s
consideration of the evidence of the situation (all
elements, facts and points of law) available at the
moment of the decision, thus allowing courts or
tribunals to take into account evidence of which the
administration could not have been aware during the
first instance procedure.
Source(s)
FI ex nunc -tutkinta
Art. 46 (3) of Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum
Procedures Directive)
FR examen ex-nunc
Synonym(s)
GA scrúdú ex-nunc
ex nunc examination
HR ex nunc razmatranje
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
HU ex-nunc vizsgálat
IT Esame ex-nunc
LT ex nunc nagrinėjimas
LV ex nunc pārbaude
6.2.4 Second instance (Administrative or judicial)
determination procedure / Appeals Procedure
Euro Voc Classification
12 Law
MT Eżami ex-nunc
NL ex nunc onderzoek / ex nunc toetsing
PL postępowanie dowodowe ex nunc
PT exame ex-nunc
RO examinare ex-nunc
SK preskúmanie ex nunc
SL ex-nunc presoja
SV ex nunc-prövning
NO helhetsvurdering av den aktuelle situasjonen (ved
anke) (b); heilskapsvurdering av den aktuelle
situasjonen (ved anke) (n)
KA ექს ნუნკ (ex nunc/”ამ მომენტიდან”) განხილვა
UK дослідження ex-nunc
HY
234
որոշման պահին առկա իրավիճակի բոլոր
ապացույցները
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
exodus
BG no usual translation
CS exodus
DE Exodus
EL (μαζική) έξοδος
EN exodus
ES éxodo
ET massiline väljaränne
FI joukkopako
FR exode / fuite massive
GA imeacht
HR egzodus
HU kivonulás
IT esodo
LT egzodas
C
D
Definition(s)
Movements in groups (isolated and sporadic) out of
a country of origin in large numbers or of a section of
the community at a given time.
Source(s)
Developed by EMN
F
G
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
1. Framework Concepts on Migration (including root
causes of migration
H
Euro Voc Classification
I
2811 migration
J
Note(s)
A similar definition is also used in the UNHCR International Thesaurus of
Refugee Terminology definition.
K
L
LV masveida izceļošana
MT Eżodu
M
NL uittocht / exodus
PL exodus
N
PT êxodo
RO exod
O
SK exodus / hromadný odchod
SL eksodus
P
SV massflykt
NO masseutvandring / masseflukt
Q
KA მასობრივი გამგზავრება
R
UK масовий виїзд
HY
E
(զանգվածային) արտահոսք
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
235
exploitation
BG експлоатация
CS vykořisťování
DE Ausbeutung
EL εκμετάλλευση
EN exploitation
ES explotación
ET ärakasutamine
FI hyväksikäyttö
FR exploitation
Definition(s)
The act of taking advantage of something or someone,
in particular the act of taking unjust advantage of
another for one’s own benefit (e.g. sexual exploitation,
forced labour or services, slavery or practices similar to
slavery, servitude or the removal of organs).
Source(s)
Developed by EMN
Related term(s)
GA dúshaothrú
forced labour
trafficking in human beings
HR iskorištavanje
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
HU kizsákmányolás
IT sfruttamento
LT išnaudojimas
LV izmantošana
MT Sfruttament
NL uitbuiting
PL wykorzystywanie
PT exploração
13.3 Crimes related to migration
Euro Voc Classification
44 Employment and Working Conditions
Note(s)
Art. 2(3) of Directive 2011/36/EU (Anti-Trafficking Directive) states that
exploitation includes, as a minimum, the exploitation of the prostitution of
others or other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labour or services,
including begging, slavery or practices similar to slavery, servitude, or the
exploitation of criminal activities, or the removal of organs.
RO exploatare
SK vykorisťovanie
SL izkoriščanje
SV utnyttjande
NO utnyttelse (b); utnytting (n)
KA ექსპლუატაცია
UK експлуатація
HY
236
շահագործում
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
expulsion
BG експулсиране
CS vyhoštění
C
ES expulsión
Removal of a third-country national subject to
an expulsion decision based, on the one hand, on a
present serious threat to public order or to national
security and safety or, on the other hand, on failure to
comply with national rules on the entry or residence
of aliens.
ET väljasaatmine
Source(s)
DE Rückführung (EU acquis); Ausweisung (DE)
EL απέλαση
EN expulsion
D
Definition(s)
E
F
G
H
FI maastapoistaminen (EU acquis); karkotus/
maastakarkotus
Derived by EMN from Art. 3(1) of Council Directive
2001/40/EC (Expulsion Directive).
FR éloignement (EU acquis); expulsion (BE, FR, LU)
Broader term(s)
I
GA díbirt / ionnarbadh
removal
HR protjerivanje
Narrower term(s)
J
HU kiutasítás (when implemented with official escort:
kitoloncolás)
expulsion decision
IT espulsione
2811 migration
K
Euro Voc Classification
L
LT išsiuntimas
LV izraidīšana
MT Espulsjoni / Tkeċċija
NL verwijdering / uitzetting / uitwijzing
PL wydalenie
PT expulsão
RO expulzare / returnare (forţată) sub escortă
SK vyhostenie
Note(s)
A serious threat to public order or to national security and safety is
presumed in the following cases:
conviction of a third-country national by the issuing EU Member State
for an offence punishable by a penalty involving deprivation of liberty of
at least one year;
the existence of serious grounds for believing that a third-country
national has committed serious criminal offences or the existence of
solid evidence of their intention to commit such offences within the
territory of an EU Member State.
SL izgon
N
O
P
Q
SV avvisning / utvisning
NO utvisning (b); utvising (n)
R
KA გაძევება
UK видворення
HY
M
S
վտարում
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
237
expulsion decision
BG решение за експулсиране
CS rozhodnutí o vyhoštění
DE Rückführungsentscheidung (EU acquis);
Ausweisungsentscheidung (DE, LU)
EL απόφαση απέλασης
Definition(s)
Administrative or judicial decision laying the legal basis
for an expulsion.
Source(s)
EN expulsion decision
Derived by EMN from Art. 2(b) of Council Directive
2001/40/EC (Expulsion Directive) and IATE.
ES decisión de expulsión
Synonym(s)
ET väljasaatmisotsus
expulsion order
FI maastapoistamispäätös
Broader term(s)
FR décision d’éloignement (EU acquis); décision
d’expulsion (BE, FR, LU)
expulsion
GA cinneadh ionnarbtha
HR rješenje o protjerivanju
enforcement measure
removal order
HU kiutasítást elrendelő határozat
Euro Voc Classification
IT decisione di espulsione
LT sprendimas išsiųsti / sprendimas dėl išsiuntimo
LV izraidīšanas lēmums
MT deċiżjoni ta’ espulsjoni / ta’ tkeċċija
NL verwijderingsbesluit
PL decyzja o wydaleniu
Related term(s)
2811 migration
Note(s)
1. The decision can be taken by a competent administrative (or judicial)
authority of an issuing EU Member State.
2. In DE, only expulsion order is used, while expulsion decision and
expulsion order are understood in the same way. In RO, expulsion is
decided by the courts only, not by administration.
PT decisão de afastamento
RO decizie de expulzare
SK rozhodnutie o vyhostení
SL odločba o izgonu
SV beslut om avvisning eller utvisning
NO utvisningsbeslutning (b); utvisingsavgjerd (n)
KA გადაწყვეტილება გაძევების შესახებ
UK рішення про видворення
HY
238
վտարման որոշում
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
external dimension of EU
migration and asylum policy
BG външно измерение на политиката на ЕС в
областта на миграцията и убежището
A
B
C
D
Definition(s)
CS vnější rozměr migrační a azylové politiky EU
DE externe Dimension der Migrations- und Asylpolitik der
EU / externe Dimension der EU-Migrations- und
Asylpolitik
EL εξωτερική διάσταση της πολιτικής της ΕΕ για τη
μετανάστευση και το Άσυλο
The European Union’s external relationships with
key third countries of origin, transit and return with
the aim to manage migration through tailor-made
partnerships.
E
Source(s)
G
F
Derived by EMN from the European Commission:
Communication on a New Pact on Migration and Asylum,
COM(2020) 609 final
EN external dimension of EU migration and asylum
policy
ES dimensión externa de la política de la UE en materia
de migración y asilo
ET ELi rände- ja varjupaigapoliitika välismõõde
Related term(s)
I
Global Approach to Migration and Mobility (GAMM)
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
J
Euro Voc Classification
K
15.1 EU External dimension of migration and mobility
FI EU:n turvapaikka- ja maahanmuuttopolitiikan
ulkoinen ulottuvuus
1011 European Union law| 2811 migration
FR dimension extérieure de la politique de l’UE en
matière de migration et d’asile
GA gné sheachtract bheartas imirce agus tearmainn an
Aontais Eorpaigh
HR vanjska dimenzija EU azilne i migracijske politike
HU az EU migrációs és menekültügyi politikájának külső
dimenziója
IT Dimensione esterna della politica europea in materia
di migrazione e asilo
LT išoriniai ES migracijos ir prieglobsčio politikos aspektai
LV ES migrācijas un patvēruma politikas ārējā dimensija
MT Dimensjoni esterna tal-politika dwar il-migrazzjoni u
l-ażil ta-UE
NL externe dimensie van het EU-migratie- en asielbeleid
PL wymiar zewnętrzny polityki migracyjnej i azylowej UE
PT dimensão externa da política de migração e asilo da
UE
RO dimensiunea externă a politicii UE în domeniul
migrației și azilului
SK vonkajšia dimenzia migračnej a azylovej politiky EÚ /
vonkajší rozmer migračnej a azylovej politiky EÚ /
externá dimenzia migračnej a azylovej politiky EÚ /
externý rozmer migračnej a azylovej politiky EÚ
H
L
Note(s)
1. Since 2015, migration management and the search for readmission
agreements have taken an important place in the EU›s external relations
with third countries of origin, transit or return. The New Pact on
Migration and Asylum 2020 reaffirms this objective in Chapter 6. It
builds on the Global Approach to Migration and Mobility (GAMM), the
current overarching framework for EU migration and asylum policies,
launched in 2011, but goes beyond and aims to reinforce international
partnerships with a view to ensuring effective returns, combating smuggling of migrants more effectively, and developing legal migration
channels.
2. Cooperation with third countries shall take place within the framework
of comprehensive, balanced and tailored partnerships based on a joint
assessment of the interests of both the EU and its partner countries.
Taking into account the specific situation of each partner country or region,
it is based on a combination of the following aspects:
Protecting refugees and people in need of international protection and
supporting refugee-host countries;
Developing legal pathways to the European Union;
Supporting well-managed legal migration, including through
new talent partnerships;
Addressing root causes of irregular migration;
Reinforcing partner countries’ capacities on migration management and
governance, including on border management and combating smuggling of migrants;
Fostering cooperation on return, readmission and reintegration.
3. For more information see: European Parliament: Briefing: The external
dimension of the New Pact on Migration and Asylum, a focus on
prevention and readmission, April 2021.
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
SL zunanja razsežnost migracijske in azilne politike
W
SV den yttre dimensionen av EU:s migrations- och
asylpolitik
X
NO Den eksterne dimensjonen i EUs asyl- og
migrasjonspolitikk
KA ევროკავშირის მიგრაციისა და თავშესაფრის
Y
UK зовнішній вимір політики ЄС щодо міграції та
надання притулку
Z
პოლიტიკის გარე განზომილება
HY
ԵՄ միգրացիայի և ապաստանի քաղաքականության
արտաքին ուղղություն
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
239
external EU border
BG външна граница на ЕС
CS vnější hranice EU
DE EU-Außengrenze
EL εξωτερικά σύνορα της ΕΕ
EN external EU border
ES frontera exterior (UE)
ET EL välispiir
Definition(s)
The parts of a Schengen Member State’s border,
including land borders, river and lake borders, sea
borders and their airports, river ports, sea ports and
lake ports, that are not common borders with another
Schengen Member State.
Source(s)
FI EU:n ulkoraja
Derived by EMN from Art.2(2) of Regulation (EU)
2016/399 (Schengen Borders Code)
FR frontière extérieure de l’UE
Related term(s)
GA teorainn sheachtrach AE
HR vanjska granica EU-a
HU az EU külső határa
IT frontiera esterna UE
LT ES išorės siena
LV ES ārējā robeža
MT Konfini (Il-) esterni / Fruntiera (Il-) esterna tal-UE
NL EU buitengrens
PL granica zewnętrzna UE
PT fronteira externa
RO frontiere externe UE
SK vonkajšia hranica EÚ
SL zunanja meja EU
SV yttre EU-gräns
NO ytre grense for Schengen-medlemsland
KA ევროკავშირის გარე საზღვარი
border control
internal EU border
irregular entry
legal entry
refusal of entry
Schengen Borders Code
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
6.1.1 Border control
Euro Voc Classification
1011 European Union law
Note(s)
1. IE does not participate in the Schengen Area.
2. BG and RO are Schengen candidate countries.
3. IS, LI, NO and CH are also Schengen Member States, although they are
not EU Member States.
4. For updated information on membership to the Schengen Area, see the
description of EU policies on borders and visas and Schengen on
the website of DG HOME.
UK зовнішній кордон ЄС
HY
240
ԵՄ արտաքին սահմաններ
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
facilitator
C
BG помагач
D
Definition(s)
CS osoba napomáhající
In the context of migration, any person who, for
financial or other gain, intentionally assists a person who
is not a national of a country to enter, or transit across
its territory or to reside within its territory in breach of
the laws of the country concerned.
DE Schlepper
EL διαμεσολαβητής
EN facilitator
ES traficante de personas
Source(s)
E
F
G
ET välismaalase ebaseaduslikult üle riigipiiri toimetaja/
ilma seadusliku aluseta riigis viibimise soodustaja/
vahendaja
Derived by EMN from Article 1(1)(a) and (b) of Council
Directive 2002/90/EC (Directive defining the facilitation
of unauthorised entry, transit and residence)
FI säännösten vastaisen maahantulon järjestäjä
Narrower term(s)
I
Related term(s)
J
FR personne qui facilite l’entrée, le transit ou le séjour
irréguliers d’un étranger
smuggler
GA éascaitheoir
smuggling of migrants
trafficking in human beings
HR pomagač
HU szándékosan segítséget nyújtó személy
Euro Voc Classification
LV cilvēku tirdzniecības veicinātājs
N
Note(s)
NL facilitator
PL pośrednik
PT facilitador
RO traficant de persoane / persoană care introduce ilegal
migranți
SK sprostredkovateľ / prevádzač
SL sprovajalec
SV medhjälpare till olaglig inresa och vistelse
NO tilrettelegger for menneskesmugling (b); tilrettelegg
for menneskesmugling (n)
HY
M
2811 migration
MT Faċilitatur (-triċi) Ħaffief(a)
UK помічник
L
13.1 Migrant smuggling
LT tarpininkas
KA ხელშემწყობი პირი
K
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
IT colui il quale compie reato di favoreggiamento
dell’immigrazione irregolare / trafficante di esseri
umani
H
1. Even though both terms are closely linked to each other and relate to
the phenomenon of irregular migration, there is a difference between a
facilitator and a smuggler.
2. Facilitator is the broader concept and means a person who provides
services beyond the unauthorized entry of a migrant into a country.
Facilitators offer a support system or backup structure to the criminal
operations of smugglers. They are more involved in the active
organization of channels, networks, entry points and operating in the
transnational organized crime. Their system often relies on the use of
legal business and intermediators, acting as enablers. These can be as
numerous and diverse as internet service providers, transport and logistic
firms, hotels, financial services, travel or employment agencies and/or
landlords. For more information see: Glossary Human Trafficking, 2019.
3. Smuggling of migrants is the narrower concept and enables the
transport of a person (with their consent) to another country through
illegal means. For more information see the entry for smuggler in this
glossary.
4. In some states the term ‘facilitator’ has a completely different meaning
and is used in other contexts than irregular migration.
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
միջնորդ
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
241
False and Authentic
Documents Online (FADO)
BG Онлайн система за фалшиви и истински документи
CS Falešné a pravé doklady online
DE Falsche und echte Dokumente online
EL Πλαστά και γνήσια έγγραφα οnline
EN False and Authentic Documents Online (FADO)
ES Documentos falsos y auténticos en línea
ET Võltsitud ja ehtsad dokumendid veebis
FI Aitojen ja väärennettyjen asiakirjojen sähköinen
tietokanta (FADO)
Definition(s)
A European Union internet-based image-archiving
system set up to support the rapid sharing between EU
Member States of images of genuine, false and forged
documents in order to aid the combating of irregular
migration and the use of fraudulent documents.
Source(s)
Derived by EMN from information in the Summary of
Joint Action 98/700/JHA concerning the setting up of a
European image-archiving system
FR Faux documents et documents authentiques en ligne
(FADO)
Synonym(s)
GA Doiciméid Bhréagacha agus Bharantúla ar Líne
Related term(s)
HR Europski sustav slikovnog arhiviranja (FADO)
FADO
HU hamis és eredeti okmányok online rendszere
Public Register of Authentic Travel and Identity
Documents Online (PRADO)
IT Documenti falsi e autentici online
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
LT Klastoti ir autentiški dokumentai internete
LV viltoti un autentiski dokumenti tiešsaistē / FADO
MT Dokumenti Foloz u Awtentiċi Onlajn
NL Fraudedocumenten en Authentieke Documenten
Online
PL Fałszywe i Autentyczne Dokumenty Elektroniczne
PT documentos falsos e autênticos on-line
RO Sistemul european de arhivare a imaginilor (FADO)
SK Falošné a pravé doklady online (FADO)
SL lažne in pristne listine na spletu
SV falska och äkta handlingar online
NO nettbasert referansedatabase for falske og ekte
dokumenter
KA ყალბი და ავთენტიკური დოკუმენტების
ონლაინკატალოგი (FADO)
13. Irregular Migration| 14.4 Technological factor and
impacts (digitalization of processes v paper processes)
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration
Note(s)
1. FADO was established by a Joint Action of the Council of the European
Union enacted in 1998.
2. Based on Article 2 of the Joint Action establishing the system, the
database contains among other things:
images of false and forged documents;
images of genuine documents;
summary information on forgery techniques;
summary information on security techniques.
3. Access to FADO is currently limited to document experts of the 31 FADO
partner states (all EU Member States and IC, NO, and CH)
4. Part of the information in the classified, restricted system, FADO, is
made publicly available, via the Public Register of Authentic Travel and
Identity Documents Online (PRADO) website which is managed by the
Council of the European Union.
UK Онлайн база підроблених та автентичних
документів (FADO)
HY
242
Կեղծ և իսկական փաստաթղթեր առցանց
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
false declaration of parenthood
BG невярна декларация за родителство
C
D
Definition(s)
CS falešné prohlášení rodičovství
GA bréagdhearbhú tuismíochta
An untruthful declaration of a relationship of parenthood
which does not actually exist either
(a) between a minor who is an union citizen or
settled third-country national and a third-country
national adult, where the adult claims to be the parent
in order to obtain or legalise their residence in a EU
Member State, or
(b) between a third-country national minor and a union
citizen adult or a settled third-country national adult
where the adult declares themselves parent of the minor
in order to obtain or legalise the residence of the child
and / or possibly the residence of the other parent.
HR lažna izjava o roditeljstvu
Source(s)
DE falsche Erklärung der Elternschaft / falsche
Elternschaftsangabe
EL ψευδής δήλωση πατρότητας
EN false declaration of parenthood
ES declaración falsa de paternidad / maternidad
ET põlvnemise kohta valeandmete esitamine
FI valheellinen vanhemmuuden ilmoittaminen
FR fausse déclaration de parentalité
HU hamis szülői nyilatkozat
Developed by EMN
IT falsa dichiarazione di filiazione
false declaration of paternity
LV vecāku statusa viltus reģistrēšana
civil partnership of convenience
marriage of convenience
partnership of convenience
NL valse ouderschapsverklaring
PL fałszywe oświadczenie o uznaniu rodzicielstwa
SL lažna izjava o starševstvu
SV osant intygande om föräldraskap
NO falsk vedgåelse av foreldreskap (b); falsk vedgåing av
foreldreskap (n)
2811 migration
P
Note(s)
Q
For more information on false declarations of parenthood, see EMN
website: Misuse of family reunification, 2012.
R
KA ცრუ განცხადება მშობლობის შესახებ
UK неправдива заява про батьківство
HY
J
O
Euro Voc Classification
SK falošné prehlásenie rodičovstva
I
N
6.3 Specific aspects of migration procedures
RO declaraţie de paternitate falsă
H
M
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
PT falsas declarações parentesco
G
L
Related term(s)
MT Dikjarazzjoni falza ta’ maternità u / jew paternità
F
K
Narrower term(s)
LT fiktyvus įvaikinimas
E
S
ծնողների վերաբերյալ կեղծ հայտարարություն
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
243
family formation
BG създаване на семейство
CS sloučení rodiny
DE Familienbildung
EL δημιουργία οικογένειας
EN family formation
ES formación de la familia
ET pere loomise eesmärgil riiki sisenemine
FI perheenmuodostaminen
FR constitution de la famille
GA foirmiú teaghlaigh
HR zasnivanje obitelji
HU családalapítás
Definition(s)
The entry into and residence in an EU Member State
of a third-country national on the basis of the
establishment of a family relationship either
a) after their third-country national sponsor has gained
legal residence in an EU Member State; or
(b) with an EU national.
Source(s)
Developed by EMN
Broader term(s)
family reunification
Related term(s)
MT Kompożizzjoni / Tiswira tal-familja
chain migration
family migration
nuclear family
right to family life
right to family unity
NL gezinsvorming
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
IT costituzione di una famiglia
LT šeimos kūrimas
LV ģimenes veidošana
PL założenie rodziny
PT reagrupamento familiar
RO formarea familiei
SK založenie rodiny
SL ustanovitev družine
SV familjebildning
NO familiedannelse (b); familiedanning (n)
KA ოჯახის შექმნა
3.2 Migration for Family Reasons
Euro Voc Classification
2806 family| 2811 migration
Note(s)
1. This term is specific to some EU Member States, particularly BE, NL, SE.
In UK, this relates to the formation of family between a UK national and a
third-country national only.
2. In other EU Member States, family formation is covered under family
reunification.
UK створення сім’ї
HY
244
ընտանիքի կազմ
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
245
family member
BG член на семейство
CS rodinný příslušník
DE Familienangehöriger
EL μέλος οικογένειας
EN family member
ES miembro de la familia
ET perekonnaliige
FI perheenjäsen
FR membre de (la) famille
GA duine muinteartha
HR član obitelji
HU családtag
IT membro della famiglia / familiare
LT šeimos narys
LV ģimenes loceklis
MT Membru tal-familja
NL gezinslid
PL członek rodziny
PT membro da familia
RO membru de familie / membru al familiei
SK rodinný príslušník / člen rodiny
SL družinski član
SV familjemedlem
NO familiemedlem
KA ოჯახის წევრი
UK член сім’ї
HY
246
ընտանիքի անդամ
Definition(s)
In the general migration context, a person either
married to, or having a relationship legally recognised
as equivalent to marriage, to a migrant, as well as
their dependent children or other dependants who are
recognised as members of the family by applicable
legislation.
In the context of the Family Reunification Directive
(Directive 2003/86(EC), a third-country national, as
specified in Art. 4 of this Directive (normally members
of the nuclear family -i.e. the spouse and the minor
children), who has entered the territory of the European
Union for the purpose of family reunification.
In the context of the Free Movement Directive
(Directive 2004/38 EC):
(a) the spouse;
(b) the partner with whom the union citizen has
contracted a registered partnership, on the basis
of the legislation of a EU Member State, if the
legislation of the host Member State treats
registered partnerships as equivalent to marriage
and in accordance with the conditions laid down in
the relevant legislation of the host Member State;
(c) the direct descendants who are under the age of
21 or are dependants and those of the spouse or
partner as defined in point (b);
(d) the dependent direct relatives in the ascending line
and those of the spouse or partner as defined in
point (b).
In the context of asylum, and in particular Regulation
(EU) No 604/2013 (Dublin III Regulation) , this means
insofar as the family already existed in the country of
origin, the following members of the applicant’s family
who are present on the territory of the EU Member
States:
a) the spouse of the applicant or their unmarried partner
in a stable relationship, where the law or practice of
the EU Member State concerned treats unmarried
couples in a way comparable to married couples
under its law relating to third-country national;
b) the minor children of couples referred to in the first
indent or of the applicant, on condition that they are
unmarried and regardless of whether they were born
in or out of wedlock or adopted as defined under
national law;
c) when the applicant is a minor and unmarried, the
father, mother or another adult responsible for the
applicant, whether by law or by the practice of the
Member State where the adult is present;
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
C
D
Source(s)
E
General: Derived by EMN from Art. 4 of UN Convention
on the Protection of All Migrant Workers and Members of
their Families
Family reunification: Recital 9 and Art. 4 of Council
Directive 2003/86/EC (Family Reunification Directive)
Free movement: Art. 2(2) of Directive 2004/38/EC (Free
Movement Directive)
Asylum: Art. 2(g) of Regulation (EU) No 604/2013
(Dublin III Regulation)
F
G
H
I
Related term(s)
dependant
family reunification
nuclear family
sponsor
J
K
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
L
3.2 Migration for Family Reasons
Euro Voc Classification
M
2806 family| 2811 migration
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
247
family migration
BG миграция с цел създаване или събиране на
семейство
CS migrace za účelem sloučení rodiny
DE Familienmigration
EL οικογενειακή μετανάστευση
EN family migration
ES migración por motivos familiares
Definition(s)
In the global context, a general concept encompassing
family reunification, family formation, and migration of
an entire family at the same time.
In the EU context, a concept which refers explicitly to
family reunification and family formation.
Source(s)
FR migration pour des raisons familiales
Global context: Derived by EMN from the discussion of
types of family migration in Chapter 6 of IOM World
Migration Report 2008
EU context: Developed by EMN
GA imirce teaghlaigh
Related term(s)
ET pereränne
FI perheperusteinen maahanmuutto
HR obiteljske migracije
HU családi okokból történő migráció
IT migrazione familiare
LT šeimos migracija
LV ģimenes migrācija
MT Migrazzjoni għal raġunijiet ta’ familja
NL gezinsmigratie
PL migracja rodzinna
chain migration
family formation
family reunification
right to family unity
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
3.2 Migration for Family Reasons
Euro Voc Classification
2806 family| 2811 migration
PT migração familiar
RO migraţia în scopul reîntregirii familiei
SK migrácia z rodinných dôvodov
SL družinske migracije
SV familjemigration
NO familiemigrasjon
KA ოჯახის მიგრაცია
UK сімейна міграція
HY
248
ընտանեկան միգրացիա
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
family reunification
BG събиране на семейство
CS sloučení rodiny
C
D
Definition(s)
GA athaontú teaghlaigh
The establishment of a family relationship which is
either:
a) the entry into and residence in an EU Member State,
in accordance with Council Directive 2003/86/EC (Family
Reunification Directive), by family members of a thirdcountry national residing lawfully in that EU Member
State (‹sponsor›) in order to preserve the family unit,
whether the familiy relationship arose before or after the
entry of the sponsor; or
b) between an union citizen and third-country national
established outside the European Union who then
subsequently enters the European Union.
HR spajanje obitelji
Source(s)
DE Familienzusammenführung
EL οικογενειακή επανένωση
EN family reunification
ES reagrupación familiar
ET perekonna taasühinemine
FI perheenyhdistäminen
FR regroupement familial; réunification familiale (pour
les familles de réfugiés) (FR)
HU családegyesítés
IT ricongiungimento familiare
LT šeimos susijungimas
LV ģimenes apvienošana / ģimenes atkalapvienošana
MT Riunifikazzjoni tal-familja
NL gezinshereniging
PL łączenie rodzin
PT reagrupamento familiar
RO reîntregirea familie / reunificarea familiei
SK zlúčenie rodiny
SL združitev družine
SV familjeåterförening
NO familiegjenforening (b); familiegjenforeining (n)
KA ოჯახის გაერთიანება
UK возз’єднання сім’ї
HY
ընտանիքի վերամիավորում
Part (a): Art. 2 (d) of Council Directive 2003/86/EC
(Family Reunification Directive)
Part (b): Developed by EMN
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
Synonym(s)
family reunion
M
Broader term(s)
right to family unity
N
Narrower term(s)
family formation
O
Related term(s)
chain migration
family member
family migration
right to family life
P
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
R
Euro Voc Classification
S
Q
3.2 Migration for Family Reasons
2806 family| 2811 migration
T
Note(s)
1. Art. 5(3) of Council Directive 2003/86/EC (Family Reunification Directive)
also covers ‘reunification’ when a third-country national is already resident
in the European Union under different permissions (e.g. a residence permit
for the purpose of remuneration or study).
2. In FR, ‘réunification familiale’ is only used when referring to family
members of beneficiaries of international protection.
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
249
family tracing
BG Проследяване на семейството
CS vyhledávání členů rodiny
DE Suche nach Familienmitgliedern
EL εντοπισμός της οικογένειας
EN family tracing
ES localización familiar
ET perekonnaliikmete otsimine
FI perheenjäsenten jäljittäminen
FR recherche des familles
GA Teaghlach a lorg
HR traganje za članovima obitelji
HU családi kapcsolatok felkutatása
IT indagini familiari
LT šeimos narių paieška
Definition(s)
Search for family members, including relatives
or former caregivers of unaccompanied
minors and separated children, with the aim of
ensuring the restoration of family links and the right of
family unity.
Source(s)
Derived by EMN from: EASO practical guide on family
tracing, March 2016 and
UN General comment No. 6: Treatment of
Unaccompanied and Separated Children Outside their
Country of Origin, 2005
Broader term(s)
family member
Related term(s)
LV ģimenes locekļu meklēšana
best interests of the child (BIC)
right to family unity
MT Tiftix (Tfittxija) għal tal-familja /għal membri
tal-familja
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
PL poszukiwanie rodziny
3.2 Migration for Family Reasons| 14.3 Social factors
and impacts (such as changes in demographics, age,
education level, diversity)
PT localização das famílias
Euro Voc Classification
NL opsporing van familieleden
RO depistarea familiei
2806 family
SK pátranie po rodinných príslušníkoch / vyhľadávanie
rodinných príslušníkov
Note(s)
SL iskanje družine
SV familjespårning
NO familesporing
KA ოჯახის მოძიება
UK пошук членів сім’ї
HY
250
ընտանիքի որոնում
1. Family tracing can be applied in different migration procedures. It is
primarily done for unaccompanied minors and separated children with the
aim of ensuring the best interests of the child (BIC) in the respective
procedure.
2. In the EU context, separated children are covered by unaccompanied
minors.
3. According to Art. 6(4) of Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 (Dublin III
Regulation) , the EU Member State where an unaccompanied minor
lodged an application for international protection shall as soon as possible
take appropriate action to identify family members, siblings or relatives of
the unaccompanied minor in the territory of the EU Member State whilst
protecting the best interests of the child.
4. The understanding of this term may vary in the EU Member/EFTA
States.
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
female genital mutilation
BG генитално осакатяване на жени
CS ženská obřízka
DE weibliche Genitalverstümmelung
EL ακρωτηριασμός γυναικείων γεννητικών οργάνων
EN female genital mutilation
ES Mutilación genital femenina
ET naiste suguelundite moonutamine
FI naisten sukuelinten silpominen
FR mutilations génitales féminines / mutilations
sexuelles féminines
GA ciorrú baill ghiniúna ban
HR spolno sakaćenje žena
HU női nemiszerv-csonkítás
All procedures which involve the partial or total removal
of the external genitalia or other injury to the female
genital organs whether for cultural or any other nonmedical reasons.
E
Source(s)
G
Synonym(s)
H
Website of the World Health Organisation
FGM
cutting
circumcision
female circumcision
LV sieviešu dzimumorgānu kropļošana
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
F
I
J
Related term(s)
LT moters lytinių organų žalojimas
MT Mutilazzjoni ġenitali tan-nisa
D
Definition(s)
gender-based persecution
gender-specific violence
social group
IT mutilazione genitale femminile
C
K
L
NL vrouwelijke genitale verminking
7.1 Women (pregnant women, victims of female genital
mutilation)
M
PL okaleczanie żeńskich organów płciowych
Euro Voc Classification
N
Note(s)
O
PT mutiliação genital feminina
RO mutilare genitală a femeilor
SK mrzačenie ženských pohlavných orgánov /
zmrzačovanie ženských pohlavných orgánov
SL pohabljanje ženskih spolovil
SV kvinnlig könsstympning
NO kvinnelig kjønnslemlestelse (b); kvinneleg
kjønnslemlesting (n)
KA ქალის სასქესო ორგანოების დასახიჩრება
UK калічення жіночих статевих органів
HY
կանանց սեռական օրգանների անդամահատում
1. FGM is recognized internationally as a violation of the human rights of
women and girls. The practice also violates a person›s rights to health,
security and physical integrity; the right to be free from torture and cruel,
inhuman or degrading treatment; and the right to life when the procedure
results in death. The practice of FGM is considered as a criminal act in all
EU Member States.
2.The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) Guidance
Notes of 2009 state that a girl or woman seeking asylum because she
has been compelled to undergo, or is likely to be subjected to FGM may
qualify for refugee status under the Geneva Refugee Convention and
Protocol. The UNHCR Guidelines consider FGM to be a form of
gender-specific violence that inflicts severe mental and physical harm and
amounts to persecution. For further information see UNHCR Guidance
Note on Refugee Claims relating to Female Genital Mutilation, 2009 .
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
251
final decision
BG окончателно решение
CS pravomocné rozhodnutí / konečné rozhodnutí
DE rechtskräftige Entscheidung
EL οριστική απόφαση (EL); τελική απόφαση (CY)
EN final decision
ES resolución definitiva
ET lõplik otsus
FI lainvoimainen päätös
FR décision finale
GA cinneadh críochnaitheach
Definition(s)
A decision on whether the third-country
national or stateless person be granted refugee
status or subsidiary protection status by virtue of
Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive)
and which is no longer subject to a remedy within the
framework of Chapter V of this Directive, irrespective
of whether such remedy has the effect of allowing
applicants to remain in the EU Member State concerned
pending its outcome.
Source(s)
HR izvršna odluka
Art. 2(e) of Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum
Procedures Directive)
HU jogerős határozat
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
IT decisione definitiva
LT galutinis sprendimas
LV galīgais lēmums
MT Deċiżjoni finali
6.2 Procedure for international protection/Refugee status
determination
Euro Voc Classification
1011 European Union law| 2811 migration
NL definitieve beslissing
PL ostateczna decyzja
PT decisão final
RO decizie finală
SK konečné rozhodnutie
SL pravnomočna odločba
SV slutligt beslut
NO endelig vedtak (b); endeleg avgjerd (n)
KA საბოლოო გადაწყვეტილება
UK остаточне рішення
HY
252
վերջնական որոշում
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
253
final decision rejecting an application
for international protection
BG окончателно решение за отхвърляне на молба за
международна закрила
LV galīgais lēmums, ar ko noraida starptautiskās
aizsardzības pieteikumu
CS konečné rozhodnutí o zamítnutí žádosti o
mezinárodní ochranu
MT
DE endgültige Entscheidung, mit der ein Antrag auf
internationalen Schutz abgelehnt wird
EL οριστική απόφαση απόρριψης αίτησης διεθνούς
προστασίας (EL), τελική απόφαση απόρριψης αίτησης
διεθνούς προστασίας (CY)
EN final decision rejecting an application for international
protection
ES decisión firme de denegación de una solicitud de
protección internacional
ET rahvusvahelise kaitse andmisest keeldumise lõplik
otsus
FI kansainvälistä suojelua koskevan hakemuksen
lopullinen hylkäämispäätös
FR décision définitive de rejet d’une demande de
protection internationale
GA cinneadh críochnaitheach lena ndiúltaítear iarratas ar
chosaint idirnáisúnta
NL definitieve beslissing tot afwijzing van een verzoek
om internationale bescherming
PL decyzja ostateczna odrzucająca wniosek o udzielenie
ochrony międzynarodowej
PT Decisão definitiva de indeferimento de um pedido de
proteção internacional
RO decizie irevocabilă privind respingerea cererii pentru
protecție internațională / decizia finală de respingere
a unei cereri de protecție internațională
SK konečné rozhodnutie zamietajúce žiadosť o
medzinárodnú ochranu
SL pravnomočna odločba o zavrnitvi prošnje za
mednarodno zaščito
SV slutligt beslut om att avslå ansökan om
internationellt skydd
NO endelig vedtak om avslag på søknad om
internasjonal beskyttelse (b); endeleg vedtak om
avslag på søknad om internasjonalt vern (n)
HR konačna odluka kojom se odbija međunarodna
zaštita
KA საბოლოო გადაწყვეტილება საერთაშორისო
HU nemzetközi védelem iránti kérelmet elutasító jogerős
határozat
UK остаточне рішення про відмову в проханні про
міжнародний захист
IT decisione definitiva di rigetto di una domanda di
protezione internazionale
HY
დაცვის მინიჭებაზე უარის თქმის შესახებ
LT galutinis sprendimas dėl tarptautinės apsaugos
prašymo atmetimo
254
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
միջազգային պաշտպանության դիմումի մերժման
վերջնական որոշում
A
B
C
D
Definition(s)
Decision to reject an application for international
protection which is no longer subject to a remedy.
E
Source(s)
F
Derived by EMN from Art. 4 (3b) of Regulation (EC) No
862/2007 (Migration Statistics Regulation)
G
Broader term(s)
H
final decision
Related term(s)
I
rejected applicant for international protection
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
6.2 Procedure for international protection/Refugee status
determination
J
Euro Voc Classification
K
1011 European Union law| 2811 migration
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
255
first country of asylum
BG първа страна на убежище
CS první země azylu
Definition(s)
ET esmane varjupaigariik
A country in which an applicant for international
protection has either
(a) been recognised as a refugee and they can still avail
themselves of that protection; or
(b) otherwise enjoys sufficient protection, including
benefiting from the principle of non-refoulement,
provided that they will be readmitted to that country.
FI ensimmäinen turvapaikkamaa
Source(s)
DE erster Asylstaat / erstes Asylland
EL πρώτη χώρα ασύλου
EN first country of asylum
ES primer país de asilo
FR premier pays d’asile
GA an chéad tír thearmainn
HR prva država azila
HU első menedék országa
IT paese di primo asilo
LT pirmoji prieglobsčio šalis
LV pirmā patvēruma valsts
MT L-Ewwel art / pajjiż tal-ażil
NL eerste land van asiel
PL kraj pierwszego azylu
PT primeiro país de asilo
RO prima ţară de azil
SK prvá krajina azylu
SL prva država azila
SV första asylland
Art. 35 of Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum
Procedures Directive)
Synonym(s)
country of first asylum
first asylum principle
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
4.1 International protection
Euro Voc Classification
1011 European Union law| 2811 migration
Note(s)
1. In applying the concept of ‘first country of asylum’ to the particular
circumstances of an applicant, EU Member States may take into account
Art. 38(1) of the Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Procedures
Directive) (‘concept of safe third country’).
2. In accordance with relevant legislation, an applicant shall be allowed to
challenge the application of the first country of asylum concept in relation
to their particular circumstances.
NO første asylland
KA პირველი თავშესაფრის ქვეყანა
UK перша країна притулку
HY
256
ապաստանի առաջին երկիր
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
first instance decision
BG решение на първа инстанция
CS rozhodnutí v prvním stupni / prvostupňové rozhodnutí
DE erstinstanzliche Entscheidung
EL απόφαση πρώτου βαθμού (EL); πρωτοβάθμια
απόφαση (CY)
EN first instance decision
ES resolución en primera instancia
ET esimese astme otsus
C
D
Definition(s)
E
In the context of international protection, an
appealable decision to grant or deny either refugee
status or subsidiary protection status issued
by an EU Member State›s determining
authority after examination of an application for
international protection.
F
G
Source(s)
H
FI ensimmäinen päätös
Derived by EMN from Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast
Asylum Procedures Directive)
FR décision en première instance
Related term(s)
I
GA cinneadh céadchéime
final decision
HR prvostupanjska odluka
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
J
HU elsőfokú döntés
IT decisione di primo grado
LT pirmosios instancijos teismo sprendimas
LV pirmās instances lēmums
6.2.3 First Instance (Administrative) determination
procedure
K
Euro Voc Classification
L
1011 European Union law| 2811 migration
MT deċiżjoni fil-prima istanza
M
NL beslissing in eerste aanleg
N
PL decyzja w pierwszej instancji
PT Decisão de primeira instância
RO ecizie în primă instanță
O
SK rozhodnutie správneho orgánu prvého stupňa /
prvostupňové rozhodnutie / rozhodnutie prvého
stupňa
P
SL prvostopenjska odločba
Q
SV beslut i första instans
R
NO vedtak i første instans
KA პირველი ინსტანციის გადაწყვეტილება
S
UK рішення першої інстанції
HY
առաջին ատյանի որոշում
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
257
Five plus Five (5+5) Dialogue on
Migration in the Western Mediterranean
BG 5+5 диалог по въпросите на миграцията в
Западното Средиземноморие
CS Dialog 5+5 o migraci v západním Středomoří
DE 5+5 Dialog über Migration im Westlichen
Mittelmeerraum
EL 5+5 Διάλογος για τη Μετανάστευση για τη Δυτική
Μεσόγειο
EN Five plus Five (5+5) Dialogue on Migration in the
Western Mediterranean
Definition(s)
A trans-Mediterranean forum set up as a security
initiative to secure closer cooperation between five EU
Member States and five Arab Maghreb countries through
political dialogue and economic cooperation, and by
encouraging more efficient management of resources
as a means of enhancing regional interdependence and
development.
Source(s)
ES Diálogo 5+5 sobre migración en el Mediterráneo
Occidental
IOM website on the 5+5 Dialogue
ET 5+5 Vahemere lääneosa rände dialoog
FI Välimeren länsiosan maiden muuttoliikeaiheinen
5+5-vuoropuhelu
5+5 Dialogue
Western Mediterranean Forum
FR Dialogue 5+5 sur la migration en Méditerranée
occidentale
GA Idirphlé 5+5 maidir leis an Imirce i réigiún na
Meánmhara Thiar
HR 5 + 5 Dijalog o migracijama u zapadnom
Sredozemlju
HU 5+5 Nyugat- Mediterrán Migrációs Párbeszéd
Synonym(s)
Related term(s)
Dialogue on Mediterranean Transit Migration
Global Approach to Migration and Mobility (GAMM)
Rabat Process
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
15.1 EU External dimension of migration and mobility
Euro Voc Classification
IT Dialogo 5+5 sulle Migrazioni nel Mediterraneo
Occidentale
10 European Union
LT Vakarų Viduržemio jūros regiono valstybių dialogas
„5+5“ migracijos klausimais
LV 5+5 Vidusjūras rietumu valstu dialogs par migrāciju
MT Djalogu 5+5 fuq il-Migrazzjoni fil-Punent
tal‑Mediterran
NL 5+5 dialoog over migratie in het Westelijke
Middellandsezeegebied
PL 5+5 Dialog na rzecz migracji w zachodniej części
Morza Śródziemnego
Note(s)
1. The Western Mediterranean Forum, commonly referred to as the 5+5
Dialogue, was officially launched in Rome in 1990.
2. The five Arab Maghreb countries are Algeria, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco
and Tunisia, the 5 EU Member States are FR, IT, MT, PT and ES, the forum
is facilitated by the International Organization for Migration (IOM). Its
areas of activity are information exchange, joint management of
international borders, agreed forms of labour migration, migration for
development, and protection of the rights of migrants in the Western
Mediterranean region.
3. For more information see the IOM website on the 5+5 Dialogue.
PT Diálogo 5+5 para o Mediterrâneo ocidental
RO 5+5 Dialog cu privire la migraţie în zona vest
Mediteraneeană
SK Dialóg 5+5 o migrácii v západnom Stredomorí
SL 5+5 Dialog o migracijah v zahodnem Sredozemlju
SV 5+5-dialogen / dialog mellan länderna i västra
Medelhavsområdet
NO 5+5-dialog om migrasjon i det vestre Middelhavet
KA 5+5 დიალოგი მიგრაციის საკითხებზე
დასავლეთ ხმელთაშუაზღვისპირეთში
UK Діалог «п’ять плюс п’ять» (5+5) про міграцію в
Західному Середземномор’ї
HY Արեվմտյան Միջերկրական երկրների 5+5
Երկխոսություն միգրացիայի շուրջ
258
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
forced labour
BG принудителен труд
CS nucená práce
DE Zwangsarbeit
EL καταναγκαστική εργασία
EN forced labour
ES trabajo forzoso
ET sunnitöö
FI pakkotyö
FR travail forcé
GA obair éigeantais
HR prisilini rad
C
D
Definition(s)
All work or service which is exacted from any person
under the menace of any penalty and for which the said
person has not offered themselves voluntarily.
Source(s)
E
F
Art. 2(1) of ILO Convention No. 29, 1930 (Forced Labour
Convention)
G
Synonym(s)
H
compulsory labour
compulsory work
I
Related term(s)
HU kényszermunka
child labour
exploitation
J
IT lavoro forzato
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
K
LT priverstinis darbas
LV piespiedu darbs
MT Xogħol furzat / ta’ bilfors
NL gedwongen arbeid (NL); dwangarbeid (BE)
PL praca przymusowa
PT trabalho forçado
1. Framework Concepts on Migration (including root
causes of migration| 14.2 Economic factors and impacts
(such as brain drain/gain, employment/ unemployment,
labour market, economic growth, dumping)
Euro Voc Classification
4416 organisation of work and working conditions
M
N
RO muncă forţată
O
SK nútená práca
SL prisilno delo
P
SV tvångsarbete
NO tvangsarbeid
Q
KA იძულებითი შრომა
R
UK примусова праця
HY
L
հարկադիր աշխատանք
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
259
forced marriage
BG брак по принуда
CS nucený sňatek
DE Zwangsheirat
Definition(s)
The union of two persons, at least one of whom has not
given their full and free consent to the marriage.
EL εξαναγκαστικός γάμος (EL); καταναγκαστικός γάμος
(CY)
Source(s)
EN forced marriage
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
ES matrimonio forzado
ET sundabielu
FI pakkoavioliitto
Art. 4 of Council of Europe Resolution 1468 (2005)
14. Factors and Impacts of Migration
Euro Voc Classification
12 Law| 2806 family
FR mariage forcé
GA pósadh éigeantais
HR prisilni brak
HU kényszerházasság
IT matrimonio forzato
LT priverstinė santuoka
LV piespiedu laulības
MT Żwieġ sfurzat / ta’ bilfors
NL gedwongen huwelijk
PL przymusowe małżeństwo
PT casamento forçado
RO căsătorie forţată
SK nútené manželstvo
SL prisilna poroka / prisilna sklenitev zakonske zveze
SV tvångsäktenskap
NO tvangsekteskap
KA იძულებითი ქორწინება
UK примусовий шлюб
HY
260
հարկադիր ամուսնություն
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
forced migrant
BG мигрант по принуда
CS nucený migrant
DE Zwangsmigrant
EL μετανάστης εξ ανάγκης
EN forced migrant
ES migrante forzoso
ET sundsisserändaja (no usual translation)
FI pakkomuuttaja
FR migrant forcé
GA imirceach éigeantais
HR prisilni migrant
HU kényszermigráns
IT migrante forzato
LT priverstinis migrantas
LV piespiedu migrants
MT Migrant(a) kostrett(a) / sfurzat(a)
NL gedwongen migrant
PL migrant przymusowy
PT migrante forçado
C
A person subject to a migratory movement in which an
element of coercion exists, including threats to life and
livelihood, whether arising from natural or man-made
causes (e.g. movements of refugees and internally
displaced persons as well as people displaced by
natural or environmental disasters, chemical or nuclear
disasters, famine or development projects).
E
Source(s)
H
Broader term(s)
I
Narrower term(s)
J
Developed by EMN
migrant
displaced person
refugee
M
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
SK nútený migrant
Euro Voc Classification
N
O
2811 migration
P
SV ofrivillig migrant
NO tvungen migrant
Q
KA იძულებითი მიგრანტი
R
UK вимушений мігрант
HY
G
L
de facto refugee
economic migrant
forced migration
RO migrant forţat
F
K
Related term(s)
1. Framework Concepts on Migration (including root
causes of migration
SL prisilni migrant
D
Definition(s)
հարկադիր միգրանտ
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
261
forced migration
BG принудителна миграция
CS nucená migrace
DE Zwangsmigration / erzwungene Migration
EL αναγκαστική μετανάστευση
EN forced migration
ES migración forzosa
ET sundränne
FI pakkomuutto
FR migration forcée
GA imirce éigeantais
HR prisline migracije
HU kényszermigráció
IT migrazione forzata
LT priverstinė migracija
LV piespiedu migrācija
MT Migrazzjoni kostretta / sfurzata
NL gedwongen migratie
PL migracja przymusowa
Definition(s)
A migratory movement in which an element of
coercion exists, including threats to life and livelihood,
whether arising from natural or man-made causes (e.g.
movements of refugees and internally displaced
persons as well as people displaced by natural or
environmental disasters, chemical or nuclear disasters,
famine or development projects).
Source(s)
Developed by EMN
Broader term(s)
migration
Narrower term(s)
displacement
Related term(s)
economic migration
forced migrant
managed migration
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
PT migração forçada
1. Framework Concepts on Migration (including root
causes of migration
RO migraţie forţată
Euro Voc Classification
SK nútená migrácia
2811 migration
SL prisilne migracije
SV ofrivillig migration / påtvingad migration
NO tvangsmigrasjon
KA იძულებითი მიგრაცია
UK примусова міграція
HY
262
հարկադիր միգրացիա
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
forced return
BG принудително връщане
CS nucený návrat
DE Zwangsrückführung / zwangsweise Rückführung /
erzwungene Rückkehr
EL αναγκαστική επιστροφή / αναγκαστικός
επαναπατρισμός / ακούσια επιστροφή
EN forced return
ES retorno forzoso
ET sunniviisiline tagasipöördumine / tagasisaatmine
FI pakkopaluu / pakkopalauttaminen
FR retour forcé
GA filleadh éigeantach
HR prisilno udaljenje
HU kötelező visszatérés
IT Ritorno forzato / Rimpatrio forzato
LT priverstinis grąžinimas
C
D
Definition(s)
In the global context, compulsory return of an
individual to the country of origin, transit or third
country (i.e. country of return), on the basis of an
administrative or judicial act.
In the EU context, the voluntary or enforced compliance
with an obligation to return to
- one’s country of origin; or
- a country of transit in accordance with EU or
bilateral readmission agreements or other
arrangements; or
- another third country, to which the third-country
national concerned voluntarily decides to return and
in which they will be accepted.
E
Source(s)
K
Global context: Developed by EMN
EU context: Art. 3(3) of Directive 2008/115/EC (Return
Directive)
F
G
H
I
J
L
LV piespiedu atgriešana (EU acquis); piespiedu
izraidīšana
Synonym(s)
M
MT Ritorn ta’ bilfors / Ripatriazzjoni obbligatorja
Broader term(s)
N
Narrower term(s)
O
NL gedwongen terugkeer / verplichte terugkeer
PL przymusowy powrót
PT retorno forçado
compulsory return
return
SL prisilno vračanje / prisilna vrnitev
expulsion
extradition
removal
voluntary departure
SV återvändande med tvång
Related term(s)
RO returnare forțată / returnare sub escortă
SK nútený návrat
NO tvangsretur
return decision
KA იძულებითი დაბრუნება
Euro Voc Classification
UK примусове повернення
HY
հարկադիր վերադարձ
P
Q
R
2811 migration
S
Note(s)
T
1. In the global context, forced return is a broader term which includes any
action having the effect of returning the individual to a State,
including expulsion, removal, extradition, rejection at the frontier,
extra-territorial interception and physical return.
2. The term ‘forced return’ is not used at all in European Union legislation.
Council Directive 2008/115/EC (Return Directive) which regulates the
return of migrants whose stay has been found to be illegal refers to
return following a return decision as ‘return’ (not ‘forced return’). In order to
avoid confusion with the return of migrants based on their free will and
without any direction from the State, the EMN has named ‘return’ when
occurring in compliance with a return decision, ‘forced return’.
3. If the term ‘forced return’ is used in the European Union environment
(e.g. in the metadata of Eurostat), it is understood as synonymous with
‘removal’ -i.e. the physical transportation out of the country following a
return decision.
4. Outside of European Union legislation the term ‘forced return’ is more
commonly used and understood as a return which occurs once a return
decision has been issued.
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
263
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
forced return monitoring
BG наблюдение на принудителното връщане
CS monitoring nucených návratů
Definition(s)
ES Control y seguimiento retorno forzoso
All monitoring activities undertaken in respect
of removal from the territory of an EU/EFTA Member
State of a third-country national ordered to leave
the country (from the preparation of departure, until
reception in the country of return or in the case of
failed removal until return to the point of departure).
ET sunniviisilise tagasisaatmise jälgimine
Source(s)
DE Überwachung von Zwangsrückführungen
EL παρακολούθηση αναγκαστικών επιστροφών
EN forced return monitoring
FI pakkopalautusten valvonta
FR contrôle du retour forcé
GA
HR promatranje prislinog udaljenja
HU kötelező visszatérés nyomon követése
IT (sistema di) monitoraggio dei rimpatri forzati
LT priverstinio grąžinimo stebėsena (EU acquis);
išsiuntimo stebėsena
LV piespiedu atgriešanas uzraudzība (EU acquis);
piespiedu izraidīšanas uzraudzība
MT Monitoraġġ tar-ritorn ta’ bilfors / tar-ripatrijazzjoni
obbligatorja
NL monitoring van gedwongen terugkeer
PL monitorowanie/monitoring powrotów przymusowych
PT monitorização do retorno forçado
RO monitorizarea returnării forțate
SK monitorovanie núteného návratu
SL spremljanje prisilnega vračanja
SV övervakning av återvändande med tvång
NO Overvåking av tvangsretur
KA იძულებითი დაბრუნების მონიტორინგი
UK моніторинг примусового повернення
HY
264
հարկադիր վերադարձի գնահատում
Derived by EMN from Art. 8(6) of Directive 2008/115/EC
(Return Directive) and
Annex I to Commission Recommendation C(2017) 6505:
Return Handbook
Synonym(s)
forced return monitoring system
forced return monitoring tool
return monitoring
Broader term(s)
forced return
removal
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration
Note(s)
1. Art. 8(6) of Directive 2008/115/EC (Return Directive) introduced an
important fundamental rights safeguard for third-country nationals
ordered to leave the EU obliging EU Member States to implement a forced
return monitoring system. This should include involvement of
organisations/bodies different and independent from the authorities
enforcing return. The European Border and Coast Guard Agency (Frontex) supports return monitoring by deploying experts (‹return monitors›)
who carry out independent monitoring of return operations to ensure
compliance with fundamental rights (Art. 29 of Regulation (EU)
2016/1624 (European Border and Coast Guard Regulation)).
2. The mere existence of judicial remedies in individual cases or national
systems of the supervision of the efficiency of national return policies
cannot be considered as a valid application of Art. 8(6) of the Return
Directive.
3. Art. 8(6) of the Return Directive does not imply a subjective right of a
returnee to be monitored nor does it imply an obligation to monitor each
single removal operation. A monitoring system based on spot checks and
monitoring of random samples may be considered sufficient as long as
the monitoring intensity is sufficiently close to guarantee overall efficiency
of monitoring.
4. The monitoring does not cover post-return monitoring (the period
following reception of the returnee in a third country).
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
foreign population of a country
BG чуждестранно население на една държава
C
D
Definition(s)
CS populace cizinců v zemi
All persons who have a certain country as their country
of usual residence and who are citizens of another
country.
DE ausländische Bevölkerung eines Landes
EL αλλοδαπός πληθυσμός σε μια χώρα
Source(s)
EN foreign population of a country
OECD Glossary of Statistical Terms
ES población extranjera
H
stock of foreigners
FI maan ulkomainen väestö
Related term(s)
FR population étrangère d’un pays
I
migrant stock
GA daonra eachtrannach tíre
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
HR osobe stranog državljanstva u državi
HU egy ország külföldi népessége
IT popolazione straniera di un paese
LT šalyje gyvenantys užsieniečiai
F
G
Narrower term(s)
ET välisriigi kodanikest rahvastik
E
1. Framework Concepts on Migration (including root
causes of migration
J
Euro Voc Classification
K
2811 migration
L
LV ārzemnieki
MT Popolazzjoni barranija ta’ pajjiż
M
NL bevolking van buitenlandse nationaliteit
PL populacja cudzoziemców z kraju
N
PT população estrangeira
RO populație străină a unei țări
O
SK populácia cudzincov v krajine
SL tuje prebivalstvo države
P
SV utländska medborgare
NO et lands utenlandske befolkning (b); den utanlandske
folkesetnaden i eit land (n)
Q
KA ქვეყნის უცხოელი მოსახლეობა
R
UK іноземне населення країни
HY
S
երկրի օտարերկրյա բնակչություն
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
265
fraudulent travel or
identity document
BG подправен документ за пътуване или самоличност
CS padělaný nebo pozměněný cestovní doklad nebo
doklad totožnosti
DE gefälschtes Reise-oder Identitätsdokument /
betrügerisches Reise-oder Identitätsdokument
EL πλαστό έγγραφο ταυτότητας ή ταξιδιωτικό έγγραφο
EN fraudulent travel or identity document
ES documento de identidad o de viaje fraudulento
ET võltsitud reisi- või isikut tõendav dokument
FI väärä tai väärennetty matkustusasiakirja/
henkilötodistus
FR document de voyage ou d’identité frauduleux
GA bréagdhoiciméad taistil nó aitheantais
HR krivotvorena putna ili identifikacijska isprava
HU hamis úti vagy személyazonosságot igazoló okmány
IT documento di viaggio o di identità fraudolento
LT suklastotas kelionės ar asmens dokumentas
LV viltots ceļošanas vai personu apliecinošs dokuments
MT Dokument tal-ivjaġġar jew tal-identità frodulenti /
qarrieqi
NL frauduleus reis- of identiteitsdocument
PL fałszywy dokument podróży lub tożsamości
PT documento de viagem ou de identidade fraudulento
RO document de călătorie sau de identitate fraudulos
SK falošný alebo pozmenený cestovný alebo
identifikačný doklad / falošný alebo pozmenený
cestovný doklad alebo doklad totožnosti
Definition(s)
Any travel or identity document:
(i) that has been falsely made or altered in some
material way by anyone other than a person or agency
lawfully authorised to make or issue the travel or
identity document on behalf of a State; or
(ii) that has been improperly issued or obtained through
misrepresentation, corruption or duress or in any other
unlawful manner; or
(iii) that is being used by a person other than the rightful
holder.
Source(s)
Art. 3(c) of Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants
by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the UN Convention
against Transnational Organised Crime
Synonym(s)
fraudulent travel document
fraudulent identity document
false travel document
false identity document
forged travel document
forged identity document
Related term(s)
travel document
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
13.3 Crimes related to migration
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration
SL ponarejena potna listina ali osebni dokument
SV falsk rese- eller identitetshandling
NO falskt reise- eller identitetsbevis
KA ყალბი სამგზავრო ან პირადობის
დამადასტურებელი დოკუმენტი
UK підроблений проїзний документ або підроблений
документ, що посвідчує особу
HY
266
կեղծ ինքնության փաստաթուղթ կամ
ճամփորդական փաստաթուղթ
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
frontier worker
C
BG пограничен работник
D
Definition(s)
CS přeshraniční pracovník
DE Grenzarbeitnehmer
EL διασυνοριακός εργαζόμενος / μεθοριακός εργαζόμενος
EN frontier worker
ES trabajador transfronterizo
In the EU context, a worker who is employed in the
frontier zone of an EU Member State but who returns
each day or at least once a week to the frontier zone of
a neighbouring country in which they reside and of which
they are nationals.
Source(s)
ET piiriala töötaja
Council Resolution of 20 June 1994 on limitation on
admission of third-country nationals to the territory of
the Member States for employment
FI rajatyöntekijä
FR travailleur frontalier
Related term(s)
GA oibrí trasteorann
border resident
cross-border worker
local border traffic
HR pogranični radnik
HU határmenti ingázó munkavállaló
IT lavoratore straniero frontaliero
LV pierobežu darbinieks
NL grensarbeider
Euro Voc Classification
PL pracownik przygraniczny
PT trabalhador fronteiriço
RO lucrător transfrontalier
SK pracovník z prihraničnej oblasti
SL obmejni delavec
SV gränsarbetare
NO arbeidstaker som grensependler (b); arbeidstakar som
grensependlar (n)
H
I
L
M
2811 migration
N
Note(s)
O
1. The definition covers in particular third-country nationals entering the
European Union from the neighbouring third-country in which they
reside.
2. Contrary to ‘cross-border workers’, frontier workers work in the
frontier zone of the neighbouring country.
KA საზღვრისპირა მუშაკი
P
Q
R
UK прикордонний працівник
HY
G
K
3.1 Migration for Economic Purposes| 14.2 Economic
factors and impacts (such as brain drain/gain,
employment/ unemployment, labour market, economic
growth, dumping)
MT Ħaddiem ta’ mal-fruntiera
F
J
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
LT pasienio darbuotojas
E
S
առաջագծի աշխատող
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
267
fundamental rights
BG основни права
CS základní práva
DE Grundrechte
EL θεμελιώδη δικαιώματα
EN fundamental rights
ES Derechos fundamentales
ET põhiõigused
FI perusoikeudet
Definition(s)
Universal legal guarantees without which individuals and
groups cannot secure their fundamental freedoms and
human dignity and which apply equally to every human
being regardless of nationality, place of residence, sex,
national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, language, or any
other status as per the legal system of a country without
any conditions.
Source(s)
HR temeljna prava
Derived by EMN from the Website of the European
Commission on the EU Charter of Fundamental
Rights and
the FRA-Website
HU alapvető jogok
Related term(s)
FR droits fondamentaux
GA Cearta bunúsacha
IT diritti fondamentali
MT Drittijiet fundamentali
Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union
European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA)
human rights
European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR)
NL fundamentele rechten
Euro Voc Classification
LT pagrindinės teisės
LV pamattiesības
PL prawa podstawowe
PT direitos fundamentais
RO drepturi fundamentale
SK základné práva
SL temeljne pravice
SV grundläggande rättigheter
NO grunnleggende rettigheter (b); grunnleggande rettar
(n)
KA ძირითადი უფლებები
UK основні права
HY
268
հիմնական իրավունքներ
1236 rights and freedoms
Note(s)
1. Fundamental rights permit people to develop their full potential and
their fundamental mental, psychological, intellectual and physical
capacity. They define what individuals or groups of people are entitled to
and describe the limitations a state may impose to intrude on those
entitlements. Some rights are absolute and others non-derogable, while
some rights are qualified.
2. An absolute right cannot be limited or infringed under any circumstances, not even during a declared state of emergency, such as Art. 3 of
the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) and Art. 2 of the
United Nations Convention against Torture (UNCAT).
3. Non-derogable rights may be either absolute or non-absolute. While
non-derogable rights cannot be suspended, some provide for limitations in
their ordinary application, such as the right to marry and found a family in
Art. 12 of the ECHR.
4. Qualified rights permit interferences subject to various conditions but
these must be in accordance with the law and necessary in a democratic
state for the requirements of public order, public health or morals, national
security or public safety, such as the right to freedom of expression (Art.
10 of the ECHR).
5. There are many crossovers between human rights and fundamental
rights. According to the European Union Agency for Fundamental
Rights (FRA), both fundamental rights and human rights entitle
individuals to expect and receive certain levels of treatment. However,
there is a difference: the term ‘fundamental rights’ is specifically used in
national constitutions, whereas ‘human rights’ is used in international law.
6. In the European Union, fundamental rights are guaranteed nationally by
the constitutions of the EU Member States and at EU level by the Charter
of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. The personal scope of
application of the Charter is potentially
7. The European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights is the EU’s centre
of fundamental rights expertise, for further information see the Website of
FRA
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
gender
BG социален пол
CS gender
DE soziales Geschlecht
EL φύλο
EN gender
ES género
C
D
Definition(s)
The socially constructed attributes, roles, activities,
responsibilities and needs predominantly connected to
being male or female in given societies or communities
at a given time.
E
Source(s)
G
ET sugu
Derived by EMN from the list of Concepts and Definitions
on the UN Women website
FI sukupuoli
Related term(s)
FR genre
IT genere
LGB(TI)
sex
sexual orientation
social group
gender identity
LT lytis
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
GA inscne
HR rod
HU gender / társadalmi nem
LV dzimums
MT Ġeneru / Ġens / Sess
NL gender
PL gender, płeć społeczno-kulturowa
PT género
RO gen
SK rod
SL spol
SV genus
NO kjønn
KA გენდერი
UK гендер
HY
սեռ
F
H
I
J
K
14.3 Social factors and impacts (such as changes in
demographics, age, education level, diversity)
L
Euro Voc Classification
M
28 Social Questions
N
Note(s)
1. People fleeing human rights violations and persecution due to their
sexual orientation and/or gender identity may qualify for international
protection. Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive) refers in
Art. 10 ‘Reasons for persecution’ to gender related aspects, including
gender identity, which shall be given due consideration for the purposes of
determining membership of a particular social group or identifying a
characteristic of such a group.
2. The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and
the European Union Agency for Asylum (EUAA) use the following
definition of ‘gender identity’: ‘”Each person’s deeply felt internal and
individual experience of gender, which may or may not correspond with
the sex assigned at birth, including the personal sense of the body - which
may involve, if chosen, modification of bodily appearance or function by
medical, surgical or other means - and other expressions of gender,
including of dress, speech and mannerism (see ICJ, Yogyakarta Principles
- Principles on the Application of International Human Rights Law in
relation to Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity, (‘Yogyakarta Principles’),
March 2007 .
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
269
gender identity
BG полова идентичност
CS genderová identita
DE Geschlechtsidentität
EL ταυτότητα φύλου
EN gender identity
ES dentidad de género
ET sooidentiteet/ sooline identiteet
FI sukupuoli-identiteetti
FR identité de genre
GA féiniúlacht inscne
HR rodni identitet
HU nemi identitás
IT identità di genere
LT lytinė tapatybė
Definition(s)
Each person’s deeply felt internal and individual
experience of gender, which may or may not correspond
with the sex assigned at birth, including the personal
sense of the body (which may involve, if freely chosen,
modifications of bodily appearance or function by
medical, surgical or other means) and other expressions
of gender, including dress, speech and mannerism.
Source(s)
Yogyakarta principles on the application of international
human rights law in relation to sexual orientation and
gender identity, March 2006
Related term(s)
sexual orientation
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
LV dzimumidentitāte
1. Framework Concepts on Migration (including root
causes of migration| 7. Vulnerable Groups
MT Identità tal-ġeneru
Euro Voc Classification
NL genderidentiteit
PL tożsamość płciowa
PT identidade de género
RO identitate de gen
SK rodová identifikácia / rodová identita
SL spolna identiteta
SV könsidentitet
NO kjønnsidentitet
KA გენდერული იდენტობა
UK гендерна ідентичність
HY
270
սեռային ինքնությունը
1236 rights and freedoms
Note(s)
1. The Yogyakarta Principles, adopted in 2006, are a set of principles on
the application of international human rights law in relation to sexual
orientation and gender identity. Principle 23 includes the right to
asylum.
2. In 2017 a set of new principles on international human rights law
relating to sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression and sex
characteristics (SOGIESC) were added, among others the right to
state protection: “Everyone, regardless of sexual orientation, gender
identity, gender expression or sex characteristics, has the right to State
protection from violence, discrimination and other harm, whether by
government officials or by any individual or group”. For more in-formation
see: The Yogyakarta Principles plus 10 (YP+10), 2017.
3. Gender identity can be a ground for protection under the Geneva
Refugee Convention and Protocol and under EU international
protection legislation.
4. Art. 10 of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive) explicitly includes sexual orientation and gender identity among the possible
reasons for persecution, both should be given due consideration when
determining whether a person belongs to a particular social group under
persecution.
5. According to Art.18(3) of Directive 2013/33/EU (Recast Reception
Conditions Directive) EU Member States must take into consideration
gender concerns and the specific needs of vulnerable persons such as
LGBTI people within the premises and accommodation centres. Additionally, they are required to take appropriate measures to prevent assault and
gender-based violence, including sexual assault and harassment into
considerations in reception.
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
gender-based persecution
BG преследване, основано на пола
C
D
Definition(s)
CS pronásledování na základě genderové příslušnosti
DE Verfolgung aufgrund des Geschlechts /
geschlechtsspezifische Verfolgung
EL δίωξη λόγω φύλου
Persecution that targets or disproportionately affects a
particular gender.
E
Source(s)
F
FI sukupuoleen perustuva vaino
Derived by EMN from UNHCR Master Glossary of Terms
and
UNHCR: Guidelines on international protection: Genderrelated persecution within the context of Article 1A(2) of
the 1951 Convention and/or its 1967 Protocol relating to
the Status of Regfuees, May 2002.
FR persécution fondée sur le genre
Synonym(s)
EN gender-based persecution
ES Persecución por razón de género
ET sooline tagakiusamine
GA géarleanúint ar bhonn inscne
HR rodno utemeljen progon
gender-related persecution
gender-specific persecution
HU nemi hovatartozáson alapuló üldöztetés
G
H
I
J
Narrower term(s)
IT persecuzione fondata su ragioni di genere
gender-specific violence
K
LT persekiojimas lyties pagrindu
Related term(s)
L
female genital mutilation
gender
social group
LV dzimumspecifiska vajāšana
MT Persekuzzjoni marbuta mal-ġeneru
NL gendergerelateerde vervolging
PL prześladowanie ze względu na płeć
RO persecuție pe bază de gen / persecuție bazată pe gen
SL preganjanje na podlagi spola
SV könsrelaterad förföljelse
NO kjønnsbasert forfolgelse (b); kjønnsbasert forfølging
(n)
KA გენდერული ნიშნით დევნა
UK переслідування за гендерною ознакою
HY
սեռի պատճառով հալածանք
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
N
Euro Voc Classification
O
4.1.1 Refugee protection
PT perseguição baseada no género
SK prenasledovanie z dôvodu rodovej príslušnosti
M
1231 international law| 2811 migration
P
Note(s)
1. Gender-based persecution is a term that has no legal meaning per se. It
is used to encompass the range of different claims in which gender is a
relevant consideration in the determination of refugee status.Typically,
gender-related persecution encompasses, but is not limited to, acts
of sexual violence, family/domestic violence, coerced family
planning, female genital mutilation and other harmful traditional
practices, punishment for transgression of social mores, and discrimination
on account of someone›s sexual orientation or gender identity. Gender-related claims may be brought by either women or men, although
they are more commonly brought by women.
2. Although gender is not specifically referenced as one of the grounds on
which an individual can be recognized as a refugee and given protection, it is widely accepted that it can influence or dictate the reasons for
persecution and as such there is no need to add an additional ground to
the Refugee Convention definition. A gender-sensitive interpretation
should be given to each of the Convention grounds ‘race, religion,
nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion›
although gender-based persecution is predominantly interpreted within
the parameters of the particular social group ground.
Gender-based persecution is a term that has no legal meaning per se. It is
used to encompass the range of different claims in which gender is a
relevant consideration in the determination of refugee status.
Gender-related claims may be brought by either women or men, although
they are more commonly brought by women
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
271
gender-specific violence
BG Насилие свързано с полова принадлежност
CS násilí na základě genderové příslušnosti
DE geschlechtsspezifische Gewalt
EL έμφυλη βία
EN gender-specific violence
ES Violencia de género
ET soopõhine vägivald
FI sukupuolistunut väkivalta
FR violence liée au genre
GA foréigean dírithe ar inscne
HR rodno uvjetovano nasilje
HU nemi hovatartozáshoz kapcsolódó erőszak
IT violenza di genere
LT smurtas lyties pagrindu
LV dzimumspecifiska vardarbība
MT Vjolenza marbuta mal-ġeneru
Definition(s)
Different types and forms of harm and human right
violations which are gender-specific but which do not
necessarily constitute persecution because of gender.
Source(s)
Crawley, Heaven: Gender-Related Persecution and
Women’s Claims to Asylum, 2004.
Synonym(s)
GBV
gender-based violence
gender-specific harm
Broader term(s)
gender-based persecution
Related term(s)
female genital mutilation
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
NL gendergerelateerd geweld
4. International Protection and other Types of Protection|
7. Vulnerable Groups
PL przemoc uwarunkowana płcią
Euro Voc Classification
PT violência específica de género
RO violență de gen
SK rodovo podmienené násilie / rodovo motivované
násilie
SL nasilje, vezano na spol
SV könsspecifikt våld
NO kjønnsbasert vold (b); kjønnsbasert vald (n)
KA კონკრეტულ გენდერთან დაკავშირებული
ძალადობა
28 Social Questions
Note(s)
1.There are different forms of gender-specific violence such as sexual
violence, rape, female genital mutilation, domestic abuse, forced
abortion and sterilization, and denial of access to contraception, certain
forms of which are more frequently used against women or affect women
in a manner which is different to men.
2. The Recast Qualification Directive (Directive 2011/95/EU) recognises
that gender-specific acts may amount to persecution.
3. Gender-specific violence is understood as a narrower term to
gender-based persecution.
UK гендерно обумовлене насильство
HY
272
սեռով պայմանավորված բռնություն
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
General Directors’ Immigration
Services Conference (GDISC)
BG Конференция на генералните директори на
имиграционните служби
A
B
C
D
Definition(s)
E
An informal network established in order to
facilitate practical cooperation in the field
of asylum and migration between the General
Directors of Immigration Services of the different
member countries.
CS Konference generálních ředitelů imigračních služeb
DE Konferenz der Generaldirektoren der
Einwanderungsbehörden
EL Διάσκεψη των Γενικών Διευθυντών των Υπηρεσιών
Μετανάστευσης
F
G
Source(s)
Derived by the EMN from the website of GDISC
EN General Directors’ Immigration Services Conference
(GDISC)
ES Conferencia de Directores Generales de los Servicios
de Inmigración
ET sisserändeteenistuste peadirektorite konverents
H
Synonym(s)
GDISC
I
Related term(s)
European Union Agency for Asylum (EUAA)
FI Maahanmuuttovirastojen johtajien konferenssi
J
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
FR Conférence des directeurs généraux des services
d’immigration
15.1 EU External dimension of migration and mobility
GA Comhdháil Stiúrthóirí Ginearálta na Seirbhísí Inimirce
HR Konferencija glavnih direktora imigracijskih službi
(GDISC)
HU Bevándorlási Hatóságok Főigazgatóinak
Konferenciája
K
Euro Voc Classification
10 European Union
L
Note(s)
M
1. The GDISC was initiated in 2004.
2. Member countries comprise the 27 EU Member States, CH, IC, NO and
the UK, Bosnia and Herzegovina, North Macedonia and Turkey.
3. For more information, see the website of GDISC
IT Conferenza dei Direttori generali dei Servizi
immigrazione
N
LT Imigracijos tarnybų generalinių direktorių konferencija
O
LV Imigrācijas dienestu ģenerāldirektoru konference
(GDISC)
P
MT Konferenza (Il-) tad-Diretturi Ġenerali tas-Servizzi
tal-Immigrazzjoni
Q
NL Conferentie van algemeen directeuren van de
immigratiediensten
R
PL Konferencja Dyrektorów Generalnych Służb
Imigracyjnych
S
PT Conferência dos Diretores-gerais dos Serviços de
Imigração
T
RO Conferinţa Directorilor Generali ai Serviciilor de
Imigrare
U
SK Konferencia generálnych riaditeľov imigračných
služieb (GDISC)
V
SL Konferenca generalnih direktorjev služb za
priseljevanje
SV GDISC-konferensen / GDISC
W
NO GDISC-konferansen / The General Directors’
Immigration Services Conference
X
KA საიმიგრაციო სამსახურების გენერალურ
Y
დირექტორთა კონფერენცია (GDISC)
UK Конференція генеральних директорів
імміграційних служб (GDISC)
HY
Z
Ներգաղթի ծառայությունների գլխավոր տնօրենների
համաժողով
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
273
Geneva Refugee
Convention and Protocol
BG Женевска конвенция за статута на бежанците от
1951 г. и Протокол от 1967 г.
CS Ženevská úmluva o uprchlících a Protokol
DE Genfer Flüchtlingskonvention und Protokoll /
Übereinkommen über die Rechtsstellung von
Flüchtlingen / Flüchtlingsabkommen
EL Σύμβαση της Γενεύης και Πρωτόκολλο
EN Geneva Refugee Convention and Protocol
ES Convenio de Ginebra de 1951 y Protocolo de 1967
ET Genfi pagulasseisundi konventsioon ja protokoll
FI Geneven yleissopimus ja sen lisäpöytäkirja
FR Convention de Genève et Protocole relatifs au statut
des réfugiés
GA Coinbhinsiún na Ginéive (1951) agus Prótacal na
Ginéive (1967)
HR Ženevska konvencija i protokol o statusu izbjeglica
Definition(s)
The UN multilateral treaty which is the key legal
document defining who is a refugee and who is not, the
rights of refugees and the legal obligations of States
towards them.
Source(s)
Geneva Refugee Convention and Protocol
Synonym(s)
Convention relating to the Status of Refugees
Geneva Convention of 1951 and Protocol of 1967
Geneva Refugee Convention and New York Protocol
1951 Refugee Convention
1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees and
the 1967 Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees
1951 Geneva Convention
Refugee Convention
HU a menekültek helyzetére vonatkozó Genfi Egyezmény
és Jegyzőkönyv
Broader term(s)
IT Convenzione di Ginevra e Protocollo di New York sullo
status dei Rifugiati
Narrower term(s)
LT Ženevos konvencija dėl pabėgėlių statuso ir
protokolas
LV Ženēvas Konvencija par bēgļa statusu un Protokols
par bēgļa statusu
MT Konvenzjoni (Il-) ta’ Ġinevra u l-Protokol dwar
ir-Refuġjati
NL Geneefse Conventie en Protocol / Verdrag van
Genève en Protocol / Vluchtelingenverdrag
PL Konwencja Genewska z 1951 r. i Protokół z 1967 r.
PT Convenção de Genebra e Protocolo
RO Convenţia de la Geneva şi Protocolul
SK Ženevský dohovor a protokol / Dohovor o právnom
postavení utečencov a Newyorský protokol
SL Ženevska konvencija o beguncih in Protokol
SV Genèvekonventionen om flyktingars rättsliga ställning
och dess tilläggsprotokoll
NO Geneve konvensjonen og protokollen om flyktninger /
Genevekonvensjonen og Geneveprotokollen
KA ლტოლვილთა შესახებ ჟენევის კონვენცია და
refugee law
Convention grounds for persecution
Convention refugee
refugee
Related term(s)
international protection
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
(UNHCR)
Euro Voc Classification
1231 international law
Note(s)
1. The 1951 Refugee Convention was approved at a special United
Nations conference on 28 July 1951 and consolidates previous
international instruments relating to refugees. It provides the most
comprehensive codification of the rights of refugees at international level.
In contrast to earlier international refugee instruments, which applied to
specific groups of refugees, the 1951 Convention endorses a single
definition of the term ‘refugee’ in Art. 1.
2. The Convention is both a status and rights-based instrument and is
underpinned by a number of fundamental principles, most notably
non-discrimination, non-penalisation and non-refoulement.
3. The 1967 New York Protocol removed geographical and temporal
restrictions from the Convention.
ოქმი
UK Конвенція про статус біженців 1951 року та
Протокол щодо статусу біженців 1967 року
HY
274
Ժնևի փախստականի կոնվենցիա և
արձանագրություն
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
genocide
BG геноцид
CS genocida
C
D
Definition(s)
DE Völkermord
An act committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in
part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group.
E
EL γενοκτονία
Source(s)
F
EN genocide
ES genocidio
ET genotsiid
FI joukkotuhonta/kansanmurha
FR génocide
GA cinedhíothú
HR genocid
HU népirtás
IT genocidio
Art. 2 of the UN Convention on the Prevention and
Punishment of the Crime of Genocide of 1948
G
Related term(s)
crime against humanity
ethnic cleansing
H
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
I
1. Framework Concepts on Migration (including root
causes of migration
J
Euro Voc Classification
1231 international law
K
Note(s)
L
LT genocidas
LV genocīds
MT Ġenoċidju
NL genocide / volkerenmoord
PL ludobójstwo
PT genocídio
RO genocid
SK genocída
1. As outlined in the Convention, these acts include:
(a) killing members of the group;
(b) causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group;
(c) deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring
about its physical destruction in whole or in part;
(d) imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group;
(e) forcibly transferring children of the group to another group.
2. The definition is also outlined in Art. 6 of the Rome Statute of the
International Criminal Court.
SL genocid
N
O
P
SV folkmord
NO folkemord
Q
KA გენოციდი
R
UK геноцид
HY
M
ցեղասպանություն
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
275
Global Approach to Migration
and Mobility (GAMM)
BG Глобален подход към миграцията и мобилността
CS Globální přístup k migraci a mobilitě
DE Gesamtansatz für Migration und Mobilität (GAMM)
EL Συνολική Προσέγγιση της Μετανάστευσης και της
Κινητικότητας (ΣΠΜΚ)
EN Global Approach to Migration and Mobility (GAMM)
ES Enfoque Global de la Migración
Definition(s)
The overarching framework of the European Union’s
external migration policy based on genuine partnership
with non-EU countries and addressing all aspects
of migration and mobility issues in an integrated,
comprehensive and balanced manner.
Source(s)
ET globaalne lähenemine rändele ja rahvastiku
liikuvusele
European Commission: Communication on the Global
Approach to Migration and Mobility, COM(2011) 743
final
FI Maahanmuuttoa ja liikkuvuutta koskeva
kokonaisvaltainen lähestymistapa (GAMM)
Synonym(s)
FR approche globale de la question des migrations et de
la mobilité (AGMM)
GA Cur Chuige Domhanda i leith Imirce agus
Soghluaisteachta
GAMM
Global Approach to Migration
GAM
Narrower term(s)
NL totaalaanpak van migratie en mobiliteit
Africa-EU Migration, Mobility and Employment
Partnership
Budapest Process
Cotonou Agreement
Dialogue on Mediterranean Transit Migration
Eastern Partnership (EAP)
Khartoum Process
Prague Process
PL Globalne Podejście do Migracji i Mobilności
Related term(s)
HR Globalni pristup migracijama i mobilnosti (GAMM)
HU a migráció és mobilitás globális megközelítése
IT Approccio globale in materia di migrazione e mobilità
LT Visuotinis požiūris į migraciją ir mobilumą
LV Vispārēja pieeja migrācijai un mobilitātei
MT Approċċ Globali għall-Migrazzjoni u l-Mobilità
SK Globálny prístup k migrácii a mobilite (GPMM)
external dimension of EU migration and asylum policy
mobility partnership
readmission agreement
Rabat Process
SL globalni pristop k vprašanju migracij in mobilnosti
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
PT Abordagem Global da Migração e Mobilidade
RO Abordarea Globală în materie de Migraţie şi
Mobilitate (GAMM)
SV den övergripande strategin för migration och rörlighet
/ GAMM
15.1 EU External dimension of migration and mobility
NO global tilnærming til migrasjon og mobilitet (GAMM)
10 European Union
Euro Voc Classification
KA გლობალური მიდგომა მიგრაციისა და
მობილობისადმი (GAMM)
UK Глобальний підхід до міграції та мобільності
(GAMM)
HY
276
Միգրացիայի և Շարժունակության համաշխարհային
մոտեցում
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
C
D
Note(s)
E
1. The Global Approach to Migration (GAM) was first defined by the
European Council in December 2005 (COM(2007) 247) and further
developed in 2007 and 2008. It has constituted the framework for the
cooperation of the EU with third countries in the area of migration
and asylum. The Stockholm Programme adopted in 2009 also
acknowledged the importance of consolidating, strengthening and
implementing the GAM.
2. The approach comprises the whole migration agenda, including legal
and irregular migration, combating trafficking in human beings and smuggling of migrants, strengthening protection for refugees, enhancing migrant rights and harnessing the positive links that exist
between migration and development.
3. In 2011, the global approach was evaluated. As a result of this, the
Commission highlighted the need for further strengthening the external
migration policy and published in November 2011 the Communication on
the Global Approach to Migration and Mobility, COM(2011) 743 final on a
new impetus to the EU’s external migration policy. The renewed GAMM
focuses on four main priorities: improving the organisation of legal
migration and facilitated mobility, preventing and reducing irregular
migration in an efficient, yet humane way, strengthening the synergies
between migration and development, and strengthening international
protection systems and the external dimension of asylum.
4. The European Agenda for Migration 2015 and the New Pact on
Migration and Asylum 2020 further strenghtened the external
dimension of the EU migration and asylum policy by building on current
EU migration partnership frameworks while at the same time reinforcing
them through ‘tailor-made partnerships’ with third countries with a view
to ensuring effective returns, combating irregular migration and smuggling
of migrants more effectively, and developing legal migration channels.
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
277
Global Forum on Migration
and Development (GFMD)
BG Глобален форум за миграция и мобилност
CS Globální fórum k migraci a rozvoji
DE Weltforum über Migration und Entwicklung
EL Παγκόσμιο Φόρουμ για τηνΜετανάστευση και
την Ανάπτυξη
EN Global Forum on Migration and Development (GFMD)
ES Foro Mundial sobre Migración y Desarrollo
Definition(s)
An initiative of the UN Member States to address
the migration and development interconnections in
practical and action-orientated ways.
Source(s)
Website of the Global Forum on Migration and
Development
ET ülemaailmne rände-ja arengupoliitika foorum
Synonym(s)
FI Muuttoliikettä ja kehitystä käsittelevä
maailmanlaajuinen foorumi
Related term(s)
GFMD
HU a Migráció és Fejlesztés Globális Fóruma
Cooperation Platform on Migration and Development
Cotonou Agreement
Dialogue on Mediterranean Transit Migration
Global Approach to Migration and Mobility (GAMM)
migration profile
IT Forum Globale su Migrazione e Sviluppo
Euro Voc Classification
FR Forum mondial sur la migration et le développement
(FMMD)
GA Fóram Domhanda maidir le hImirce agus Forbairt
HR Globalni forum za migracije i razvoj (GFMD)
LT Pasaulinis migracijos ir vystymosi forumas
LV Pasaules forums par migrāciju un attīstību
MT Forum Globali fuq Migrazzjoni u Żvilupp
NL Wereldforum voor migratie en ontwikkeling
PL Światowe Forum na Rzecz. Migracji i Rozwoju
PT Fórum Global sobre Migrações e Desenvolvimento
RO Forumul Glrobal cu privire la Migraţie şi Dezvoltare
04 Politics
Note(s)
1. The first session of the GFMD was held in 2007.
2. The GFMD is a voluntary, informal, non-binding and government-led
process open to all States and Observers of the UN, to advance
understanding and cooperation on the mutually reinforcing relationship
between migration and development.
3. For more information, see the website of GFMD.
SK Globálne fórum o migrácii a rozvoji (GFMD)
SL Globalni forum o migracijah in razvoju
SV Globalt forum för migration och utveckling
NO Globalt forum for migrasjon og utvikling
KA მიგრაციისა და განვითარების გლობალური
ფორუმი (GFMD)
UK Глобальний форум з міграції та розвитку (GFMD)
HY
278
Միգրացիայի և զարգացման գլոբալ ֆորում
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
group determination of
refugee status
BG групово определяне на статут на бежанец
CS skupinové určení statusu uprchlíka
EL ομαδικός καθορισμός του καθεστώτος του πρόσφυγα
EN group determination of refugee status
ES determinación colectiva de la condición de refugiado
FI pakolaisaseman ryhmämäärittäminen
FR détermination collective du statut de réfugié
GA stádas dídeanaí a chinneadh ar bhun grúpa
HR grupno utvrđivanje izbjegličkog statusa
B
C
D
Definition(s)
DE Gruppenfeststellung der Flüchtlingseigenschaft
ET grupi pagulasseisundi kindlaksmääramine
A
A practice by which all persons forming part of a largescale influx are regarded as refugees on a prima facie
basis, ensuring that protection and assistance needs are
met without prior individual determination of refugee
status.
Source(s)
UNHCR Master Glossary of Terms
E
F
G
H
Synonym(s)
prima facie determination of refugee status
I
Related term(s)
HU menekültként való csoportos elismerés
group persecution
prima facie refugee
J
IT riconoscimento collettivo dello status di rifugiato
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
LT pabėgėlio statusas (suteikiamas grupei)
4.1.1 Refugee protection
K
LV bēgļa statusa noteikšana grupai
Euro Voc Classification
L
MT Għarfien kollettiv tal-istatus ta’ rifuġjat
1231 international law| 2811 migration
NL vaststelling van prima facie vluchtelingschap /
vaststelling van vluchtelingenstatuut zonder meer
Note(s)
PL grupowe uznanie statusu uchodźcy
PT determinação colectiva do estatuto de refugiado
(refugiados prima facie)
RO determinare în grup a statutului de refugiat
SK skupinové určenie štatútu utečenca
SL skupinsko določanje statusa begunca
SV gruppbestämning av flyktingstatus
M
Refugee status must normally be determined on an individual basis, but
when large populations are displaced under circumstances that indicate
that most members of the population could individually be considered
refugees, and where the need to provide protection and assistance is
urgent and / or where it may not be possible for practical reasons to carry
out an individual determination of refugee status, each member of that
population in question can be regarded prima facie (in the absence of
evidence to the contrary) as a refugee. In other words, the presumption is
that individual members of the population concerned would be considered
as refugees in need of protection. For more information, see UNHCR:
Refugee status determination 2005.
NO gruppeavgjørelse av flyktningstatus (b);
gruppeavgjerd av flyktningestatus (n)
O
P
Q
R
KA ლტოლვილის სტატუსის ჯგუფური დადგენა
S
UK групове визначення статусу біженця
HY
N
փախստականի կարգավիճակի խմբային որոշում
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
279
group persecution
BG групово преследване
CS pronásledování skupiny
Definition(s)
HR proganjanje određene društvene skupine
A concept
- which recognises that persecution can be enacted
against members of a section of the population (a
‹group›) that is suffering oppression or is threatened
as a whole in its home country according to one of the
criteria defined in the Geneva Refugee Convention
and its Protocol
- and which in any case, whilst a group may be
persecuted, requires that an application for
international protection must be examined on an
individual basis in the EU Member States, and not all
together as one group.
HU csoportos üldöztetés
Source(s)
DE Gruppenverfolgung
EL ομαδική δίωξη
EN group persecution
ES no translation
ET grupi tagakiusamine
FI ryhmään kohdistuva vaino
FR persécution à l’encontre d’un groupe
GA géarleanúint grúpa
IT persecuzione di gruppo
LT persekiojamoji grupė
LV grupas vajāšana
MT Persekuzzjoni ta’ grupp(-i) ta’ nies
NL groepsvervolging
PL grupowe prześladowanie
Definition according to the consistent practice of the
German Federal Administrative Court based on ruling of
15 May 1990 -9 C 17.89
Broader term(s)
persecution
Related term(s)
SK prenasledovanie skupiny
act of persecution
actor of persecution or serious harm
group determination of refugee status
prima facie refugee
SL skupinsko preganjanje
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
PT grupo alvo de perseguição
RO persecuţie de grup
SV förföljelse av en grupp
2.4 National| 4.1.1 Refugee protection
NO forfølgelse av en gruppes medlemmer (b); forfølging
av medlemmene av ei gruppe (n)
Euro Voc Classification
12 Law
KA ჯგუფის დევნა
UK групове переслідування
HY
280
խմբային հալածանք
Note(s)
1. An assumption of group persecution requires a certain intensity of
persecution to warrant the general assumption of the individual
persecution of each group member, irrespective of whether an individual
has indeed been the victim of such persecution. This requires a threat
emanating from so large a number of violations of rights protected by
asylum law that it goes beyond separate individual infringements or a
large number of individual infringements, but rather constitutes acts of
persecution in the specific territory aimed at the group as a whole which
increase, are repeated and spread to such an extent that there is not only
a possibility, but a direct imminent danger of becoming a victim oneself
for any member of such a group.
2. With consideration to the general principle of subsidiarity in refugee
law, group persecution will only entitle a refugee to protection abroad, if
the danger is present in the entire territory of the country of origin, i.e. if
there is no internal alternative for protection. For the purposes of the
danger of persecution after return, such an internal flight alternative must
be reasonable and accessible from the country of refuge.
3. For more information on group persecution, see the European Database
of Asylum Law (EDAL). , i.e. German Federal Administrative Court, ruling of
12 April 2009 -10 C 11.08.
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
281
guardian
BG попечител или настойник
CS opatrovník
DE Vormund; Obsorgeberechtigter (AT)
EL επίτροπος (EL); κηδεμόνας (CY)
EN guardian
ES tutor
ET eestkostja
FI huoltaja
FR tuteur; représentant légal (LU)
GA caomhnóir
HR skrbnik
HU gyám
IT tutore
LT globėjas
LV aizbildnis
MT Kustodju / Tutur(-triċi)
Definition(s)
In the migration context, an independent person
appointed to act on behalf of a child, in the absence of
(both) parents or the adult responsible for the child by
law or by practice, who safeguards the best interests
of the child (BIC) and general well-being, and to this
effect complements the limited legal capacity of the
child, when necessary, in the same way that parents do.
Source(s)
Derived by EMN from Fundamental Rights Agency (FRA):
Guardianship systems for children deprived of parental
care in the European Union, Summary, 2018, and
UN Committee on the Rights of the Child: General
Comment No. 6 (2005):Treatment of unaccompanied
and separated children outside their country of
origin and
IATE entry for guardian
Synonym(s)
NL voogd
recognised responsible adult
responsible adult
PL opiekun
Broader term(s)
PT tutor
SK poručník
child
unaccompanied minor
separated child
SL skrbnik
Narrower term(s)
RO tutore
SV god man
representative
NO verge, representant (b); verje, representant (n)
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
KA მეურვე/მზრუნველი
7.2 Minors and unaccompanied minors
UK опікун (піклувальник)
Euro Voc Classification
HY
282
խնամակալ
2806 family| 2811 migration
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
C
D
Note(s)
E
1. Neither in the international context nor at EU or national level is there a
uniform definition and use of the terms guardian and (legal) representative. Sometimes both terms are understood as synonyms. An overview of
different terms used in international and EU context can be found in:
Fundamental Rights Agency: Guardianship for children deprived of
parental care, 2015.
2. The EMN Glossary puts the emphasis on the functions of the appointed
person, rather than on the terminology. The term ‘guardian’ reflects the
broader concept and goes beyond the responsibility of a (legal)
representative. While a guardian has parental authority over a child, is in
charge of all day-to-day life matters and acts as a link between the child
and existing specialist agencies/individuals, a representative has a
narrower mandate and is responsible for the legal representation of the
child within particular legal or administrative proceedings. A guardian and
a representative can be the same person, but do not necessarily have to
be. The guardian differs also from a social worker or other caregivers
responsible for the material needs of the child. For more information
see Fundamental Rights Agency (FRA): Guardianship systems for children
deprived of parental care in the European Union, Summary, 2018.
3. In the migration context, international and EU legislation recognise the
importance of guardianship and legal representation to safeguard the
child’s best interests and well-being. States should appoint a guardian as
soon as an unaccompanied minor or separated child is identified and
maintain such guardianship arrangements until the child has either
reached the age of majority or has permanently left the territory and/or
jurisdiction of the State or has been entrusted to the person exercising
parental authority or guardianship. The guardian should be consulted and
informed regarding all actions taken in relation to the child and have the
authority to be present in all planning and decision-making processes,
including immigration and appeal hearings, care arrangements and all
efforts to search for a durable solution. The guardian should have the
necessary expertise in the field of child care, so as to ensure that the
interests of the child are safeguarded and that the child›s legal, social,
health, psychological, material and educational needs are appropriately
covered. If a guardian is unable to adequately represent the child›s best
interests in all spheres and at all levels of the child›s life, supplementary
measures (such as the appointment of a legal representative) must be
secured.
4. In some EU Member States private organisations, state institutions or
municipalities can be appointed as a guardian.
5. The inconsistent use of both terms in EU legislation can be seen e.g. in
Art. 4(2f) of Amended Proposal for a Regulation establishing a common
procedure for international protection in the Union and repealing Directive
2013/32/EU, COM/2020/611 final as it uses the term ‹guardian› with the
previous definition of ‹representative› in Art. 2(n) of Directive 2013/32/EU
(Recast Asylum Procedures Directive).
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
283
guest worker
BG гост работник
CS dočasně pracující cizinec / gastarbeiter
Definition(s)
DE Gastarbeiter
An economic migrant recruited for a restricted time of
settlement and employment.
EL μετανάστης εργαζόμενος / επισκέπτης εργαζόμενος
Source(s)
EN guest worker
Developed by EMN
ES trabajador invitado
Broader term(s)
ET võõrtöötaja
economic migrant
FI vierastyöläinen
Related term(s)
FR travailleur invité / travailleur étranger
migrant worker
GA aoi-oibrí
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
HR gostujući radnik
3.1 Migration for Economic Purposes
HU vendégmunkás
Euro Voc Classification
IT lavoratore ospite
LT besisvečiuojantis darbuotojas
LV viesstrādnieks
MT Ħaddiem mistieden
2811 migration
Note(s)
This term is no longer used in the EU context. It was more or less
restricted to migration flows in the 1950s and 1960s.
NL gastarbeider
PL gastarbaiter
PT trabalhador convidado
RO lucrător invitat
SK zahraničný hosťujúci pracovník
SL gostujoči delavec
SV gästarbetare
NO gjestearbeider (b); gjestearbeidar (n)
KA მოწვეული მუშაკი
UK гастарбайтер
HY
284
հրավիրյալ աշխատող
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
harassment
BG тормоз
CS obtěžování
DE Belästigung
EL παρενόχληση
EN harassment
ES acoso
C
Unwanted conduct related to racial or ethnic origin with
the purpose or effect of violating the dignity of a person
and of creating an intimidating, hostile, degrading,
humiliating or offensive environment.
E
Source(s)
G
ET ahistamine
Art. 2 (3) of Council Directive 2000/43/EC (Racial
Equality Directive)
FI häirintä
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
FR harcèlement
GA ciapadh
1. Framework Concepts on Migration (including root
causes of migration
HR uznemiravanje
Euro Voc Classification
HU zaklatás
D
Definition(s)
H
I
J
12 Law
IT molestia
K
LT priekabiavimas
L
LV uzmākšanās
MT Molestja / Fastidju
M
NL intimidatie
PL molestowanie
N
PT assédio
RO hărţuire
O
SK obťažovanie
SL nadlegovanje
P
SV trakasserier
NO trakassering / mobbing
Q
KA შევიწროება
R
UK утиски
HY
F
ոտնձգություն
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
285
harmful onward movement
BG no translation
CS riskantní přesouvání
Definition(s)
DE gefährliche Weiterwanderung
The movement of refugees and migrants by
dangerous means from one location to another.
EL επικίνδυνη δευτερογενής μετακίνηση
Source(s)
EN harmful onward movement
ES movimientos irregulares peligrosos
ET ohtlik (edasi) liikumine
FI vaarallisin keinoin siirtyminen (uudistermi)
FR mouvement secondaire dangereux
GA athghluaiseacht dhainséarach
HR opasno daljnje kretanje
HU no usual translation
IT spostamento pericoloso
LT pavojingas judėjimas pirmyn
LV bīstama pārvietošanās
Derived by EMN from UNHCR: Draft Proposal for a
Central Mediterranean Sea Initiative: EU solidarity for
rescue-at-sea, protection and comprehensive responses,
2013
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
1. Framework Concepts on Migration (including root
causes of migration| 14. Factors and Impacts of
Migration
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration
Note(s)
This term has only been recently put into use by practitioners.
MT Spostament sekondarju dannuż / ta’ ħsara
NL no translation
PL niebezpieczne dalsze przemieszczanie się
PT rotas perigosas
RO mişcare de avansare periculoasă
SK riskantné presúvanie sa utečencov a migrantov
SL nevarno nadaljevanje poti
SV farlig vidareförflyttning
NO risikabel viderereise (b); risikabel vidarereise (n)
KA საფრთხისშემცველი გადაადგილება
UK небезпечне переміщення
HY
286
վտանգավոր երկրորդային տեղաշարժ
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
High-Level Network for Return
BG Мрежа на високо равнище по въпросите на
връщането
CS Síť na vysoké úrovni pro návraty
DE Hochrangiges Netzwerk für Rückkehrfragen
EL Δίκτυο Υψηλού επιπέδου για τις Επιστροφές
EN High-Level Network for Return
ES Red de alto nivel para el retorno
ET kõrgetasemeline tagasisaatmise võrgustik
FI Palauttamisasioiden korkean tason verkosto
C
D
Definition(s)
Network to support the Return Coordinator with
the coherent and consistent implementation of EU
return policy by identifying priority activities to develop
national frameworks, improve administrative and
technical capacities to carry out returns, as well as
enhancing cooperation between EU Member States
and the European Border and Coast Guard Agency
(Frontex).
Source(s)
E
F
G
H
I
HR Mreža na visokoj razini za povratak
Derived by EMN from EuropeanCommission:
Communication on a New Pact on Migration and Asylum,
COM(2020) 609 final and
IATE
HU Visszatéréssel Foglalkozó Magas Szintű Hálózat
Synonym(s)
K
FR réseau de haut niveau pour les retours
GA an Líonra Ardleibhéil um Fhilleadh
IT Rete di alto livello per i rimpatri
LT Aukšto lygio tinklas grąžinimo klausimais
High Level Network on Return
High-Level Network for Returns
LV augsta līmeņa tīkls atgriešanas jautājumos
Broader term(s)
MT Network għar-Ritorn f’Livell Għoli
return
NL Netwerk op hoog niveau voor terugkeer
Related term(s)
J
L
M
European Border and Coast Guard Agency (Frontex)
Return Coordinator
N
PT Rede de Alto Nível para o Retorno
RO Rețea la nivel înalt pentru returnare
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
O
PL
SK Sieť na vysokej úrovni pre návraty
SL Mreža na visoki ravni za vračanje
SV återvändandenätverk på hög nivå
NO returnettverk på høyt nivå (b); returnettverk på høgt
nivå (n)
KA მაღალი დონის ქსელი დაბრუნების
საკითხებში
UK Мережа високого рівня з питань повернення
HY
Վերադարձի բարձրաստիճան ցանց
2.2 EU (e.g. Common European Asylum System,
Qualification Directive, European Agenda for Migration)|
12. Return and Readmission
Euro Voc Classification
P
Q
1011 European Union law| 2811 migration
R
Note(s)
1. On 8 September 2022, the first High-Level Network for Returns was
launched, comprising senior representatives from EU Member States and
Schengen Associated Countries’ institutions responsible for returns and the
Frontex Deputy Executive Director for Return Operations.
2. The EU Return Coordinator and the High Level Network for Returns also
play an important role in the development of the EU Strategy on voluntary
return and reintegration, proposed by the Commission in April
2021, European Commission: Communication: the EU strategy on
voluntary return and reintegration, COM(2021) 120 final.
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
287
High-Level Working Group (HLWG)
on Asylum and Migration
BG Работна група на високо равнище „Убежище и
миграция“
CS Pracovní skupina na vysoké úrovni pro azyl a migraci
DE Hochrangige Arbeitsgruppe Asyl und Einwanderung /
Hochrangige Gruppe Asyl und Migration
EL Ομάδα Εργασίας Υψηλού Επιπέδου για το ‘Ασυλο και
τη Μετανάστευση
EN High-Level Working Group (HLWG) on Asylum and
Migration
ES grupo de trabajo de alto nivel sobre migración y asilo
Definition(s)
A strategic group which works under the auspices
of the European Council and which was set up to
establish a comprehensive and integrated strategy for
the EU’s cooperation with third countries in the area
of asylum and migration.
Source(s)
Council Conclusions C/98/431 on the Asylum and
Migration Task Force at the 2148th Council Meeting
General Affairs,- 6th/7th December 1998
ET kõrgetasemeline varjupaiga ja rände töörühm
Synonym(s)
FI Turvapaikka- ja maahanmuuttoasioiden korkean
tason työryhmä
HLWG
Related term(s)
FR Groupe de travail de haut niveau «Asile et Migration»
GA Grúpa Oibre Ardleibhéil maidir le Tearmann agus
Imirce
Global Approach to Migration and Mobility (GAMM)
Strategic Committee on Immigration, Frontiers and
Asylum
HR Radna skupina na visokoj razini za azil i migracije
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
HU Magas Szintű Menekültügyi és Migrációs
Munkacsoport
15.1 EU External dimension of migration and mobility
IT Gruppo di lavoro ad alto livello in materia di asilo e
migrazione
Euro Voc Classification
10 European Union| 2811 migration
LT Prieglobsčio ir migracijos aukšto lygio darbo grupė
LV Augsta līmeņa darba grupa migrācijas un patvēruma
jautājumos
MT Grupp ta’ Ħidma ta’ Livell Għoli dwar l-Ażil u
l-Migrazzjoni
NL Werkgroep op hoog niveau voor asiel en migratie
PL Grupa Robocza Wysokiego Szczebla ds. Azylu i
Migracji
PT Grupo alto nível asilo e migração
RO Grupul de lucru la nivel înalt în domeniul migraţiei şi
azilului
Note(s)
1. The HLWG was set up in December 1998 to prepare cross-pillar Action
Plans for the countries of origin and transit of asylum seekers and migrants.
2. The HLWG’s focus is on external relations with third countries,
particularly within the context of the Global Approach to Migration and
Mobility (GAMM). Its objective is to strengthen the external dimension of
the EU’s asylum and migration policies based on dialogue, cooperation
and partnership with countries of origin and transit in the areas of legal
migration, irregular migration, migration and development. The Group
also prepares conclusions and recommendations on asylum and migration
to be adopted by the Council. They carry out an assessment of the
political, economic and human rights situation in countries of origin and
provide a joint analysis of the causes and consequences of migration.
SK Pracovná skupina na vysokej úrovni (HLWG) pre azyl a
migráciu
SL Delovna skupina na visoki ravni za azil in migracije
SV högnivågruppen för asyl och migration
NO høynivågruppen for asyl og migrasjon (b);
høgnivågruppa for asyl og migrasjon (n)
KA თავშესაფრისა და მიგრაციის საკითხთა
მაღალი დონის სამუშაო ჯგუფი (HLWG)
UK Робоча група високого рівня (HLWG) з питань
притулку та міграції
HY
288
Ապաստանի և միգրացիայի հարցերով բարձր
մակարդակի աշխատանքային խումբ
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
highly qualified employment
BG висококвалифицирана заетост
C
D
Definition(s)
CS zaměstnání vyžadující vysokou kvalifikaci
The employment of a person who:
(a) in the EU Member State concerned, is protected as
an employee under national employment law and / or
in accordance with national practice, irrespective of the
legal relationship, for the purpose of exercising genuine
and effective work for, or under the direction of someone
else:
(b) is paid; and,
(c) has the required adequate and specific competence,
as proven by higher professional qualifications.
DE hochqualifizierte Beschäftigung
EL απασχόληση υψηλής εξειδίκευσης
EN highly qualified employment
ES empleo altamente cualificado
ET kõrgelt kvalifitseeritud töö
FI korkeaa pätevyyttä vaativa työ
FR emploi hautement qualifié
GA fostaíocht ardcháilíochta
Source(s)
HR visokokvalificirano zapošljavanje
E
F
G
H
I
HU magasan képzett munkavállalók foglalkoztatása
Art. 2(b) of Council Directive 2009/50/EC (Blue Card
Directive)
J
IT lavoro altamente qualificato
Related term(s)
K
LT aukštos kvalifikacijos darbas (EU acquis); aukštos
profesinės kvalifikacijos reikalaujantis darbas
EU Blue Card
highly qualified migrant
LV augsti kvalificēta nodarbinātība
L
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
MT Impjieg bi kwalifiki għoljin
M
3.1 Migration for Economic Purposes
NL hooggekwalificeerde baan
PL zatrudnienie pracowników wysoko wykwalifikowanych
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration| 4406 employment
N
Note(s)
O
PT emprego altamente qualificado
RO loc de muncă înalt calificat
SK vysokokvalifikované zamestnanie
SL visokokvalificirana zaposlitev
SV högkvalificerad anställning
NO sysselsetting av høyt kvalifisert arbeidskraft (b);
sysselsetjing av høgt kvalifisert arbeidskraft (n)
In some EU Member States, there is a distinction between ‘highly skilled’,
referring to someone who has the required adequate and specific
competence as proven by higher educational qualifications and / or
extensive (vocational) experience; and ‘highly qualified’, referring to
someone who has required adequate and specific competence as proven
by higher educational qualifications only. In the EU context, however, these
terms are considered to be interchangeable.
Q
R
KA მაღალკვალიფიციურ მიგრანტთა დასაქმება
UK висококваліфікована зайнятість
HY
P
S
բարձր որակավորման աշխատանք
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
289
highly qualified migrant
BG висококвалифициран миграант
CS vysoce kvalifikovaný migrant
Definition(s)
GA imirceach ardcháilithe
In the global context, a person falling within ILO ISCO-88
Classes 1, 2 and 3, e.g. a person qualified as a manager,
executive, professional, technician or similar, who moves
within the internal labour markets of transnational
corporations and international organisations, or who
seeks employment through international labour
markets for scarce skills.
In the EU context, a third-country national who
seeks employment in an EU Member State and has the
required adequate and specific competence, as proven
by higher professional qualifications.
HR visokokvalificirani migrant
Source(s)
DE hochqualifizierter Migrant
EL μετανάστης υψηλής εξειδίκευσης
EN highly qualified migrant
ES persona migrante altamente cualificada
ET kõrgelt kvalifitseeritud sisserändaja
FI korkeasti koulutettu maahanmuuttaja
FR migrant hautement qualifié
HU magasan képzett migráns
IT migrante altamente qualificato
LT aukštos profesinės kvalifikacijos migrantas
LV augsti kvalificēts migrants
MT Migrant(a) bi kwalifiki għoljin
Global context: UNESCO Glossary of Migration-related
Terms
EU context: Derived by EMN from Art. 2(b) of Council
Directive 2009/50/EC (Blue Card Directive)
Synonym(s)
PL migrant wysoko wykwalifikowany
business migrant
highly qualified migrant worker
highly skilled migrant
PT migrante altamente qualificado
Broader term(s)
NL hooggekwalificeerde migrant
RO migrant înalt calificat
SK vysokokvalifikovaný migrant
SL visokokvalificirani migrant
SV högkvalificerad migrant
NO høyt kvalifisert migrant (b); høgt kvalifisert migrant (n)
KA მაღალკვალიფიციური მიგრანტი
UK висококваліфікований мігрант
HY
բարձր որակավորում ունեցող միգրանտ
migrant worker
Related term(s)
EU Blue Card holder
highly qualified employment
mutual recognition agreement
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
3.1 Migration for Economic Purposes
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration| 4406 employment
Note(s)
1. In some EU Member States, there is a distinction between ‘highly
skilled’, referring to someone who has the required adequate and specific
competence, as proven by higher educational qualifications, and / or
extensive (vocational) experience; and ‘highly qualified’, referring to
someone who has required adequate and specific competence, as proven
by higher educational qualifications only. In the EU context, however, these
terms are considered to be interchangeable, e.g. the definition for ‘highly
skilled’ used in Regulation (EC) No 862/2007 (Migration Statistics
Regulation) uses the definition for ‘highly qualified’.
2. The understanding of who is a ‘highly qualified’ and a ‘qualified
third-country national’ varies in the EU Member States, with different
definitions and concepts existing. Often these depend on national labour
market demands and other national criteria. For more information,
see EMN: Attracting highly qualified and qualified third-country nationals,
2013 .
290
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
host country
BG приемаща държава /държава домакин
CS hostitelský stát
C
D
Definition(s)
DE Aufnahmeland
The EU Member State / country in which a third-country
national / non-national takes up residence.
E
EL χώρα υποδοχής
Source(s)
EN host country
Developed by EMN
F
ES país de acogida
Synonym(s)
G
ET vastuvõttev riik
receiving country
FI vastaanottava maa
Narrower term(s)
H
FR pays d’accueil
host Member State
GA tír aíochta
Related term(s)
I
HR zemlja domaćin
HU fogadó ország
IT paese ospitante
LT priimančioji valstybė
host society
right of residence
J
Euro Voc Classification
K
2811 migration
L
LV uzņēmējvalsts
MT Pajjiż li jilqa’ / li jospita
M
NL gastland
PL kraj przyjmujący
N
PT país de acolhimento
RO ţară gazdă
O
SK hostiteľská krajina / prijímajúca krajina
SL država gostiteljica
P
SV värdland
NO vertsland
Q
KA მიმღები ქვეყანა
R
UK приймаюча країна
HY
ընդունող երկիր
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
291
host entity
BG приемаща страна
CS hostitelský subjekt
DE aufnehmende Einrichtung
EL οντότητα υποδοχής, οντότητα εισδοχής
EN host entity
ES organismo de acogida
ET vastuvõttev üksus
FI vastaanottava yksikkö
FR entité d’accueil
GA eintiteas aíochta
Definition(s)
A research organisation, a higher education institution,
an education establishment, an organisation responsible
for a voluntary service scheme or an entity hosting
trainees to which the third-country national is
assigned for the purposes of Directive 2016/801/EU
(Recast Researcher›s Directive) and which is located
in the territory of the EU Member State concerned,
irrespective of its legal form, in accordance with national
law.
Source(s)
HR subjekt domaćin
Art. 3(14) of Directive 2016/801/EU (Recast Researcher’s
Directive)
HU fogadó entitás
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
IT Ente ospitante
3.3 Migration for Study and Research
LT priimantysis subjektas
Euro Voc Classification
LV uzņemošā vienība
2811 migration| 3206 education
MT Entità li tospita
NL gastentiteit
PL podmiot goszczący
PT entidade de acolhimento
RO entitate gazdă
SK hostiteľský subjekt
SL subjekt gostitelj
SV värdenhet
NO vertsorganisasjon
KA მიმღები დაწესებულება
UK приймаючий суб’єкт / приймаюча організація
HY
292
ընդունող կազմակերպություն
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
host Member State
BG приемаща държава членка
CS hostitelský členský stát
DE Aufnahmemitgliedstaat
EL κράτος μέλος υποδοχής
EN host Member State
ES Estado Miembro de acogida
ET vastuvõttev liikmesriik
FI vastaanottava jäsenvaltio
FR État membre d’accueil
GA ballstát aíochta
HR država članica domaćin
HU fogadó tagállam
IT Stato membro ospitante
C
D
Definition(s)
The EU Member State to which a union citizen moves
in order to exercise their right to free movement and
residence.
Source(s)
F
Art. 2(3) of Council Directive 2004/38/EC (Free
Movement Directive)
G
Broader term(s)
H
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
I
Euro Voc Classification
J
host country
3. Legal Migration
1011 European Union law| 2811 migration
K
LT priimančioji valstybė narė
L
LV uzņēmējdalībvalsts
MT Stat Membru li jospita
M
NL gastlidstaat
PL przyjmujące państwo członkowskie
N
PT Estado Membro de acolhimento
RO Stat Membu gazdă
O
SK hostiteľský členský štát / prijímajúci členský štát
SL država članica gostiteljica
P
SV mottagande medlemsstat
NO vertsmedlemsland
Q
KA ევროკავშირის წევრი მიმღები სახელმწიფო
R
UK приймаюча держава-член ЄС
HY
E
ընդունող անդամ պետություն
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
293
host society
BG приемащо общество
CS hostitelská společnost
DE Aufnahmegesellschaft
EL κοινωνία υποδοχής
EN host society
ES sociedad de acogida
ET vastuvõttev ühiskond
FI vastaanottava yhteiskunta
FR société d’accueil
GA sochaí óstach
HR društvo domaćina
HU fogadó társadalom
IT società di accoglienza
LT priimančioji visuomenė
LV vietējā sabiedrība
MT Soċjetà li tilqa’ / li tospita
NL gastsamenleving / gastmaatschappij
PL społeczeństwo przyjmujące
PT sociedade de acolhimento
Definition(s)
In the EU context, residents (both nationals and nonnationals) of a national / regional / local community
within an EU Member State.
Source(s)
Developed by EMN
Broader term(s)
host Member State
Related term(s)
Common Basic Principles
host country
integration
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
9. Integration
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration
Note(s)
In accordance with integration being a dynamic, two-way process, the
activities undertaken by the host society serve to facilitate the integration
of a third-country national according to the Common Basic Principles.
RO societate gazdă
SK hostiteľská spoločnosť / prijímajúca spoločnosť
SL družba gostiteljica
SV värdsamhälle
NO vertssamfunn
KA მიმღები საზოგადოება
UK приймаюче суспільство
HY
294
ընդունող հասարակություն
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
hotspot approach
BG подход за създаване на горещи точки / система за
горещи точки
C
D
Definition(s)
FR approche des hotspots
Approach where the European Union Agency for
Asylum (EUAA), the European Border and Coast
Guard Agency (Frontex), the European Union Agency
for Law Enforcement Cooperation (Europol) and
the European Union Agency for Criminal Justice
Cooperation (Eurojust) work on the ground with
the authorities of frontline EU Member States which
are facing disproportionate migratory pressures at
the external EU borders to help to fulfil their
obligations under EU law and swiftly identify, register
and fingerprint incoming migrants.
GA Cur Chuige Ball Te
Source(s)
CS přístup s využitím hotspotů
DE Hotspot-Konzept; Brennpunkt-System (EU acquis)
EL Σύστημα κομβικών σημείων υποδοχής / χοτ σποτ
EN hotspot approach
ES Enfoque Hotspot
ET esmase vastuvõtu süsteem
FI hotspot-lähestymistapa
HU hotspot megközelítés
Hotspot System
LT migrantų antplūdžio valdymo modelis
hotspot area
MT Sistema ta’ approċċ f’hotspots / f’inħawi mwiegħra
PL podejście Hotspot / system Hotspot / w kontekście
wsparcia państw członkowskich, które zmagają się z
presjąmigracyjną na granicach zewnętrznych UE
RO abordare hotspot
SK koncepcia krízových vstupných centier a
problémových oblastí (EU acquis); systém hotspotov /
systém migračných hotspotov
SL pristop žariščnih točk
SV hotspot-metod
NO helhetlig prosedyre (b); helheitleg prosedyre (n)
KA ცხელი წერტილის მიდგომა
UK підхід гарячих точок
HY
թեժ կետի մոտեցում
4.1 International protection| 6.2 Procedure for
international protection/Refugee status determination
N
Euro Voc Classification
O
2811 migration
PT sistema de centros de registo
I
M
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
NL hotspot-systeem
H
L
Narrower term(s)
LV karsto punktu pieeja
G
K
Synonym(s)
IT sistema basato sui punti di crisi
F
J
European Commission: Communication: A European
Agenda on Migration, COM(2015) 240 final
HR pristup žarišnih točaka/hotspot pristup
E
P
Note(s)
1. The hotspot approach was developed by the European Commission as
part of the immediate action to assist EU Member States located at the
external EU border and presented in the European Agenda on
Migration in May 2015 .
2. The operational support provided under the Hotspot Approach will
concentrate on registration, identification, fingerprinting and debriefing of
asylum seekers, as well as return operations. Those claiming asylum will
be immediately channelled into an asylum procedure where EUAA support
teams will help to process asylum applications as quickly as possible. For
those who are not in need of protection, Frontex will help EU Member
States by coordinating the return of irregular migrants. Europol and
Eurojust will assist the host Member State with investigations to
dismantle smuggling and trafficking networks.
3. IT and GR are the first two EU Member States where this hotspot
approach is currently being implemented. Other EU Member States will
also be able to benefit from the hotspot approach upon request.
4. The hotspot approach will also contribute to the implementation of the
temporary relocation schemes proposed by the European Commission on
27 May and 9 September 2015: people in clear need of international
protection will be identified in frontline EU Member States for relocation to other EU Member States where their asylum application will be
processed.
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
295
hotspot area
BG зона на гореща точка
CS oblast hotspotu
DE Brennpunkt (EU-acquis); Hotspot-Gebiet
EL κομβικό σημείο υποδοχής (χοτ σποτ / hotspot)
EN hotspot area
ES punto crítico
ET esmase vastuvõtu piirkond
FI hotspot-alue
FR zone d’urgence migratoire (EU acquis); zone hotspot
(BE, FR, LU)
GA Limistéar Ball Te
HR žarišno poručje/hotspot područje
HU hotspot terület
IT Punto di crisi
LT migrantų antplūdžio valdymo vieta
LV karsto punktu zona
MT Żona hotspot / f’sitwazzjoni mwieġħra
Definition(s)
An area in which the host Member State, the European
Commission, relevant EU agencies and participating EU
Member States cooperate, with the aim of managing
an existing or potential disproportionate migratory
challenge characterised by a significant increase in
the number of migrants arriving at the external EU
border.
Source(s)
Art. 2(10) of Regulation 2016//1624 (European Border
and Coast Guard Regulation)
Broader term(s)
hotspot approach
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
6.2 Procedure for international protection/Refugee status
determination
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration
NL hotspotgebied
PL obszar hotspot
PT zona dos pontos de crise
RO zonă hotspot
SK oblasť krízových vstupných centier / oblasť hotspotov
SL žariščna točka
SV hotspot-område / utsatt område
NO mottakssted for asylsøkere etablert ved et uvanlig
stort antall (b); mottaksstad for asylsøkjarar etablert
ved eit uvanleg stort tal (n)
KA ცხელი წერტილის ზონა
UK зона гарячих точок
HY
296
թեժ կետ
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
human rights
C
BG човешки права
CS lidská práva
DE Menschenrechte
EL δικαιώματα του ανθρώπου / ανθρώπινα δικαιώματα
EN human rights
ES derechos humanos
ET inimõigused
FI ihmisoikeudet
FR droits de l’homme
GA cearta an duine
HR ljudska prava
HU emberi jogok
IT diritti umani
LT žmogaus teisės
LV cilvēktiesības
MT Drittijiet (Id-) tal-bniedem
NL mensenrechten
D
Definition(s)
E
Agreed international standards that recognise and
protect the dignity and integrity of every individual,
without any distinction.
F
Source(s)
UNHCR Master Glossary of Terms
G
Related term(s)
Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union
European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR)
European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA)
fundamental rights
H
Euro Voc Classification
J
1236 rights and freedoms
K
Note(s)
1. Human rights form part of customary international law and are stipulated in a variety of national, regional and international legal documents
generally referred to as human rights instruments.
2. In the EU the preferred term to use is fundamental rights.
PL prawa człowieka
L
M
N
PT direitos humanos
RO drepturile omului / drepturi ale omului
O
SK ľudské práva
SL človekove pravice
P
SV mänskliga rättigheter
NO menneskerettigheter (b); menneskerettar (n)
Q
KA ადამიანის უფლებები
R
UK права людини
HY
I
մարդու իրավունքներ
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
297
human rights law
BG закон за човешките права
CS (mezinárodní) právo v oblasti lidských práv
DE internationale Menschenrechtsnormen
EL δίκαιο των δικαιωμάτων του ανθρώπου / δίκαιο των
ανθρωπίνων δικαιωμάτων
Definition(s)
The body of customary international law, human rights
instruments and national law that recognises and
protects human rights.
Source(s)
EN human rights law
UNHCR Master Glossary of Terms
ES legislación de derechos humanos
Related term(s)
ET inimõiguste õigus
FI ihmisoikeuslainsäädäntö
FR droit relatif aux droits de l’homme
GA na dlíthe i leith Chearta an Duine, reachtaíocht i leith
Chearta an Duine
HR pravo u području ljudskih prava
HU emberi jogi joganyag
IT diritto dei diritti umani
European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR)
refugee law
fundamental rights
Euro Voc Classification
1236 rights and freedoms
Note(s)
Refugee law and human rights law complement each other.
LT žmogaus teisių teisė
LV cilvēktiesību normas
MT Liġi (Il-) dwar id-drittijiet tal-bniedem
NL humanitair recht
PL prawo praw człowieka
PT legislação sobre direitos humanos
RO legislaţia privind drepturile omului
SK právo v oblasti ľudských práv
SL pravo o človekovih pravicah
SV lagstiftning till skydd för mänskliga rättigheter
NO menneskerettslovgivning (b);
menneskerettslovgjeving (n)
KA ადამიანის უფლებათა სამართალი
UK право у сфері прав людини
HY
298
մարդու իրավունքների մասին օրենք
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
humanitarian admission
BG хуманитарен прием
C
D
Definition(s)
CS humanitární přijetí
In the EU context, the admission following, where
requested by an EU Member State, a referral from
the European Union Agency for Asylum (EUAA),
the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
(UNHCR), or another relevant international body,
of third-country nationals or stateless persons from
a third country to which they have been forcibly
displaced to the territory of EU Member States, and who
are granted international protection or humanitarian
protection under national law that provides for rights
and obligations equivalent to those of Art. 20 to 34 of
Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive)
for beneficiaries of subsidiary protection.
DE Aufnahme aus humanitären Gründen
EL εισδοχή για ανθρωπιστικούς λόγους
EN humanitarian admission
ES admisión humanitaria
ET humanitaarsetel kaalutlustel vastuvõtmine
FI humanitaarinen maahanpääsy
FR admission humanitaire
GA ligean isteach ar fhoras daonnúil
HR humanitarni prihvat
HU humanitárius befogadás
Source(s)
IT ammissione umanitaria
E
F
G
H
I
J
LT humanitarinis priėmimas
Derived by EMN from Art. 2(5) of Regulation (EU)
2021/1147 (AMIF-Regulation)
K
LV uzņemšana humānu apsvērumu dēļ
Broader term(s)
MT Ammissjoni umanitarja
legal pathway
L
NL humanitaire toelating (NL), humanitaire admissie (BE)
Related term(s)
M
PL zgoda na pobyt humanitarny
PT admissão humanitária
RO admisie umanitară
SK humanitárne prijatie / humanitárne prijímanie
SL humanitarni sprejem
SV humanitärt mottagande
NO adgang til riket på humanitært grunnlag
KA ქვეყანაში დაშვება ჰუმანიტარული მიზნით
UK гуманітарний прийом
HY
մարդասիրական ընդունելություն
humanitarian visa
resettlement
N
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
5. Relocation, Resettlement and Humanitarian Admission
Euro Voc Classification
O
1011 European Union law| 2811 migration
P
Note(s)
Q
1. There is no commonly agreed upon definition of humanitarian
admission and no clear difference between resettlement and humanitarian admission in general.
2. EU legislation distinguishes between humanitarian admission and
resettlement, with resettlement specifically designed for formally
recognised refugees, while humanitarian admission may imply the
granting of international protection or humanitarian protection under
national laws.
3. Humanitarian admission is discussed in the EU in the broader concept
of legal pathways or avenues for refugees and in this context, it is
possible to identify three broad categories of legal pathways for refugees
from current State practices:
First, resettlement programmes are a long-standing form of
humanitarian admission that have been developed specifically for those
who have been formally recognized as refugees;
Second, evacuation programmes are aimed at bringing civilians to
safety following a humanitarian emergency caused by a disaster and/or
armed conflict. These are large-scale responses and, contrary to
resettlement programmes, their implementation does not presuppose
an individual assessment nor impose any requirement that a person
has specific vulnerabilities;
Third, some States provide for protected entry procedures (PEPs), which
are formalised procedures that allow foreigners to individually and
directly petition the State to obtain humanitarian admission to their
territory. In such procedures, the individual is directly engaging the
potential host State in a procedure aiming at securing his or her
physical transfer and legal protection.
4. For further information see the EMN study Comparative overview of
national protection statuses in the EU and Norway, Synthesis Report May
2020 and Humanitarian Admission to Europe: The Law between Promises
and Constraints, 1st edition, 2020.
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
299
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
humanitarian protection
BG хуманитарен статут
CS humanitární ochrana
Definition(s)
ES protección humanitaria
National type of protection which is granted
in cases where applicants for international
protection are found not to be eligible for recognition
as refugees or beneficiaries of subsidiary protection,
but who are nonetheless considered to be in need of
protection due to special humanitarian reasons.
ET humanitaarkaitse
Source(s)
DE humanitärer Schutz
EL ανθρωπιστική προστασία
EN humanitarian protection
FI humanitaarinen suojelu
Developed by EMN
FR protection humanitaire
Broader term(s)
GA cosaint dhaonnúil
protection
HR humanitarna zaštita
Related term(s)
HU humanitárius védelem
IT protezione umanitaria
LT humanitarinė apsauga
LV humānā aizsardzība
MT Protezzjoni umanitarja
NL bescherming op humanitaire gronden
PL ochrona o charakterze humanitarnym
PT proteção humanitária
RO protecţie umanitară
SK humanitárna ochrana
SL humanitarna zaščita
SV humanitärt skydd
NO beskyttelse på humanitært grunnlag (b); vern på
humanitært grunnlag (n)
KA ჰუმანიტარული დაცვა
UK гуманітарний захист
HY
300
մարդասիրական պաշտպանություն
de facto refugee
international protection
subsidiary protection
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
4.2.2 Humanitarian protection
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration
Note(s)
1. Humanitarian protection is not harmonised at EU level.
2. National protection statuses cater for a wide variety of needs and
situations, exceeding the grounds for international protection under
Union acquis. These include collective protection, protection based on
general humanitarian grounds, on exceptional circumstances or on serious
health conditions, protection for climate change reasons and
environmental disasters in the country of origin, protection based on the
principle of non-refoulement and protection for minors and unaccompanied minors and for beneficiaries of specific programmes (relocation,
resettlement).
3. The grounds for the national protection statuses remain largely
undefined in national legislation. This may leave a significant margin of
discretion to competent authorities, often to ensure compliance with
obligations under international law or to serve national interests. This may
potentially create challenges for authorities in assessing applications, as
well as for applicants when lodging a claim for national protection.
4. Outside EU, humanitarian protection is granted for comparable
protection needs, including but not limited to
victims of human rights violations in their country of origin;
victims of certain particularly heinous crimes in the country of
destination (such as rape, torture, trafficking in human
beings, female genital mutilation and others);
victims of hate crimes.
Humanitarian visas can also be issued in the event of:
natural disasters;
economic difficulties in the country of origin;
serious illness and lack of adequate treatment in the country of origin;
individual need for protection.
5. For further information see: European Migration Network: Comparative
overview of national protection statuses in the EU and Norway, Study,
2019 and IOM Glossary on Migration, 2019.
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
301
humanitarian visa
BG хуманитарна виза
CS humanitární vízum
DE Visum aus humanitären Gründen
EL θεώρηση για ανθρωπιστικούς λόγους
EN humanitarian visa
ES visado humanitario
ET humanitaarviisa
FI humanitaarinen viisumi
FR visa humanitaire
GA víosa ar fhoras daonnúil
HR humanitarna viza
HU humanitárius vízum
IT
LT humanitarinė viza
LV humānu apsvērumu dēļ izsniegta vīza
MT Viża għal raġunijiet umanitarji
NL
PL wiza wydana z przyczyn humanitarnych
PT visto humanitário
RO viză umanitară
SK humanitárne vízum
Definition(s)
In the global context, a visa granting access to and
temporary stay in the issuing State for a variable
duration to a person on humanitarian grounds as
specified in the applicable national or regional law,
often aimed at complying with relevant human
rights and refugee law.
In the EU context,
(a) derogation from the admissibility requirements for
the issuance of a visa based on humanitarian grounds
in accordance with Art. 19(4) of the Visa Code or
b) issuance of a short-stay Schengen visa with limited
territorial validity (LTV) on humanitarian grounds in
accordance with Art. 25(1) of the Code.
Source(s)
Global context: IOM Glossary on Migration, 2019
EU-context: Derived by EMN from Art. 19(4) and 25(1)
of Regulation (EC) No 810/2009 (Visa Code)
Synonym(s)
visa on humanitarian grounds
Broader term(s)
legal pathway
Related term(s)
SL humanitarni vizum
humanitarian admission
resettlement
SV visering av humanitära skäl
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
NO visum på humanitært grunnlag
KA ჰუმანიტარული ვიზა
5. Relocation, Resettlement and Humanitarian
Admission| 6.1.2 Visa policy
UK гуманітарна віза
Euro Voc Classification
HY
302
Մարդասիրական վիզա, որը տրվում է որոշ
երկրների կողմից՝ փախստականներին
հետապնդումներից պաշտպանելու իրենց
միջազգային պարտավորությունը կատարելու
նպատակով
1011 European Union law| 2811 migration
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
C
D
Note(s)
E
1. Humanitarian visa are generally understood as authorisations to access
the territory of a State, and which are granted by derogation from the
applicable rules because of specific humanitarian reasons. They are
considered an alternative procedure for protected entry that allow persons
in need of protection legal access to a third country and/or to apply
for international protection, with an initial assessment being carried out
extraterritorially and the merits of the application being examined on the
spot upon arrival through international protection procedures or
procedures for another status.
2. Humanitarian visas can be granted by the visa-issuing authority of the
State in the applicant’s country of origin or in a country of
destination, and exceptionally also at the border of the visa-issuing State
or to persons who are already within the State. Beyond granting legal
access to and temporary stay in the State, humanitarian visas rarely
provide the person with any further entitlement to protection or services.
3. There is currently no EU regulation on humanitarian visas per se, nor is
there a specific procedure. However, under the Visa Code, which sets out
the procedures and conditions for issuing visas for the purpose of short
stays and airport transit within the Schengen area, provision is made for
visas to be issued “on humanitarian grounds”. These visas are often
referred to as ‘humanitarian visas’, the provision of such visa as ‘protected
entry’. Pursuant to Art. 33(1) of the Visa Code a visa’s duration can also
be extended on humanitarian grounds. While Art. 19(4) of the Visa Code
regulates exemptions from the admissibility requirements for visa
applications, Art. 25(1) provides for exemptions from the fulfilment of the
Schengen visa obligation. However, there is no automatic link between
exemption from the admissibility requirements and the issuance of an
LTV visa on humanitarian grounds.
4. On 7 March 2017, the Court of Justice of the European Union
(CJEU) ruled that EU Member States are not obliged, under EU law, to
grant a humanitarian visa as the issuing of LTV visas falls solely on
national law because there is no explicit provision regarding how they
should be issued in the Visa Code. For more information see the judgement of the CJEU.
5. However, humanitarian visas are also part of legal pathways for
persons in need of protection, which include the following:
resettlement;
humanitarian admission programmes;
simplifying visa requirements for certain nationalities or certain groups;
more generous use of family reunification rules;
use of existing channels for legal migration for the purposes of labour
and study.
6. For more information see: Fundamental Rights Agency (FRA): Legal
entry channels to the EU for persons in need of international protection: a
toolbox, 2015 and European Parliament: Briefing: Towards an EU
humanitarian visa scheme? June 2016.
7. IE is not bound by the Visa Code. The qualification criteria for a visa
may be waived on humanitarian grounds or visas may be granted to
facilitate entry for resettlement or humanitarian admission programmes
under national law.
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
303
identification
BG установяване на самоличността“
CS identifikace
DE Identifizierung
EL ταυτοποίηση
EN identification
Definition(s)
The process of determining a person’s identity through a
database search against multiple sets of data
(one-to-many check).
Source(s)
FR identification
Art. 3 (1)14) of Regulation (EU) 2017/2226 (Entry/Exit
System (EES)-Regulation) and
Art. 4 (6) of Regulation 2019/817 on establishing a
framework for interoperability between EU information
systems in the field of borders and visa
GA sainaithint
Broader term(s)
ES identificación
ET isiku tuvastamine
FI tunnistaminen
HR identifikacija
establishment of identity
HU személyazonosítás
Related term(s)
IT identificazione
LT nustatymas
LV identifikācija
MT Identifikazzjoni
NL identificatie
PL identyfikacja
verification of identity
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
6.3.2. Establishment of identity of applicants for
international protection (incl. examination of documents,
language analysis, age assessment)
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration
PT identificação
RO
SK identifikácia
SL ugotavljanje identitete
SV identifiering
NO identifisering
KA იდენტიფიცირება
UK ідентифікація
HY
304
նույնականացում
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
identification mission
BG мисия за идентифициране
CS identifikační mise
DE Mission zur Identitätsfeststellung /
Identifikationsmission
EL αναγνωριστική αποστολή
EN identification mission
ES Misión de identificación
ET isikutuvastamise missioon
FI identifiointikäynti (not in general use)
FR mission d’identification
In the context of return, an operation conducted at
the national level, on the basis of bilateral agreements
or Memoranda of Understanding between the EU or EU
Member States and third countries, by which teams
of experts from these third countries are invited to/
deployed in EU Member States in order to officially
confirm the nationality and complete the identification
process of their nationals, who are not eligible for stay
in the EU.
E
Source(s)
I
HR idenitifikacijska misija
HU azonosítási misszió
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
IT missione di identificazione
LT tapatybės nustatymo misija
LV identificēšanas misija
MT Missjoni t’ identifikazzjoni
NL Identificatiemissie
PL misja identyfikacyjna
PT missão de identificação
RO misiune de identificare
SK misia za účelom identifikácie štátneho príslušníka
tretej krajiny
SL misija za identifikacijo
SV identifieringsuppdrag
NO ID-avklaringsoppdrag
KA მაიდენტიფიცირებელი მისია
UK місія з ідентифікації
HY
նույնականացման առաքելություն
D
Definition(s)
Derived by EMN from the European Commission:Fact
sheet on the Partnership Framework on Migration, 13
June 2017.
GA
C
F
G
H
J
6.3.2. Establishment of identity of applicants for
international protection (incl. examination of documents,
language analysis, age assessment)
Euro Voc Classification
K
L
2811 migration
M
Note(s)
N
1. Improving return and readmission has been a key objective under the
Partnership Framework with third countries. It has used formal approaches
such as the negotiation of readmission agreements and more informal
tools, such as Standard Operating Procedures and conducting technical
and identification missions.
2. These missions are used by EU Member States to unblock cases
where return has failed due to a missing return document. The purpose
of the missions is to determine the nationality of the return candidate.
3. They are conducted under the aegis of the European Border and
Coast Guard Agency (Frontex). Frontex distinguishes between
long-term identification missions (i.e. whereby the deployment of third
country experts in an EU Member State takes place over a long period of
time) and short-term Identification missions (i.e. ad hoc missions).
4. For more information about the effectiveness of identification missions
compared to other tools see: Fourth Progress Report on the Partnership
Framework with third countries under the European Agenda on Migration,
Reportfrom the EU Commission, COM (2017) 350 final.
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
305
identification of a victim of
trafficking in human beings
BG идентификация на жертва на трафик на хора
CS identifikace oběti obchodování s lidmi
DE Feststellung eines Opfers von Menschenhandel /
Identifizierung eines Opfers von Menschenhandel
EL αναγνώριση θύματος εμπορίας ανθρώπων (EL);
αναγνώριση θύματος εμπορίας προσώπων (CY)
Definition(s)
The process of confirming and characterising a
situation of trafficking in human beings for further
implementation of support.
Source(s)
EN identification of a victim of trafficking in human
beings
Derived by EMN from Varandas, I. & J. Martins: Signalling
Identification Integration of Victims of Trafficking for
Sexual Exploitation: Construction of a Guide, 2007
ES identificación de víctima de trata de seres humanos
Broader term(s)
ET inimkaubanduse ohvri tuvastamine
trafficking in human beings
FI ihmiskaupan uhrin tunnistaminen
Narrower term(s)
FR identification d’une victime de la traite des êtres
humains
formal identification of a victim of trafficking in human
beings
GA íospartach gáinneála a shainaithint
Related term(s)
HR identifikacija žrtve trgovanja ljudima
detection of a victim of trafficking in human beings
HU emberkereskedelem áldozatának azonosítása
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
IT identificazione della vittima di tratta di esseri umani
13.2 Trafficking in human beings
LT prekybos žmonėmis aukos nustatymas
Euro Voc Classification
LV cilvēku tirdzniecības upura identificēšana
2811 migration
MT Identifikazzjoni (L-) ta’ vittma fit-traffikar tal-persuni
NL herkennen van een slachtoffer van mensenhandel
PL identyfikacja ofiar handlu ludźmi
PT identificação de vítima de tráfico de seres humanos
RO identificarea unei victime a traficului de fiinţe umane
SK identifikácia obete obchodovania s ľuďmi
SL prepoznavanje žrtve trgovine z ljudmi
SV identifiering av offer för människohandel
NO identifisering av offer for menneskehandel
KA ადამიანით ვაჭრობის (ტრეფიკინგის)
მსხვერპლის იდენტიფიცირება
UK ідентифікація особи, яка постраждала від торгівлі
людьми
HY
306
մարդկանց թրաֆիքինգի զոհի նույնականացում
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
identified victim of trafficking
in human beings
BG идентифицирана жертва на трафик на хора
A
B
C
D
Definition(s)
CS identifikovaná oběť obchodování s lidmi
E
A person who has been formally identified as a victim
of trafficking in human beings according to the
relevant formal authority in EU Member States.
DE identifiziertes Opfer von Menschenhandel
EL αναγνωρισμένο θύμα εμπορίας ανθρώπων (EL);
αναγνωρισμένο θύμα εμπορίας προσώπων (CY)
F
Source(s)
EN identified victim of trafficking in human beings
ES victima reconocida de trata de seres humanos
ET (tuvastatud) inimkaubanduse ohver
Derived by EMN from Eurostat: Trafficking in human
beings, 2013
G
Broader term(s)
H
Related term(s)
I
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
J
Euro Voc Classification
K
trafficking in human beings
FI tunnistettu ihmiskaupan uhri
FR victime identifiée de la traite des êtres humains
vulnerable person
GA íospartach gáinneála sainaitheanta
HR identificirana žrtva trgovanja ljudima
13.2 Trafficking in human beings
HU emberkereskedelem azonosított áldozata
IT vittima identificata di tratta di esseri umani
2811 migration
LT nustatyta prekybos žmonėmis auka
L
LV identificēts cilvēku tirdzniecības upuris
MT Vittma identifikata fit-traffikar tal-persuni
M
NL geïdentificeerd slachtoffer van mensenhandel
PL zidentyfikowana ofiara handlu ludźmi
N
PT pessoa identificada como vítima de tráfico de seres
humanos
O
RO victimă a traficului de fiinţe umane identificată
P
SK identifikovaná obeť obchodovania s ľuďmi
SL prepoznana žrtev trgovine z ljudmi
Q
SV identifierat offer för människohandel
NO identifisert offer for menneskehandel
R
KA ადამიანით ვაჭრობის (ტრეფიკინგის)
იდენტიფიცირებული მსხვერპლი
S
UK ідентифікована особа, яка постраждала від
торгівлі людьми
HY
T
մարդկանց թրաֆիքինգի ճանաչված զոհ
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
307
identity document
BG документ за самоличност
CS průkaz totožnosti / doklad totožnosti
Definition(s)
DE Identitätsdokument
A document issued by a State authority to an individual
for providing evidence of the identity of that individual.
EL έγγραφο ταυτότητας
Source(s)
EN identity document
Developed by EMN
ES Documento de identidad
Synonym(s)
ET isikut tõendav dokument
FI henkilöllisyysasiakirja
FR document d’identité
GA Doiciméad aitheantais
HR identifikacijska isprava
HU személyazonosító okmány
IT documento d’identità
LT asmens tapatybės dokumentas / asmens tapatybę
patvirtinantis dokumentas
LV personu apliecinošs dokuments
MT Dokument t’identità
NL identiteitsdocument
PL dokument tożsamości
PT documento de identidade
RO document de identitate
SK identifikačný doklad / doklad totožnosti
SL osebni dokument
SV identitetshandling
NO identitetsdokument
KA პირადობის დამადასტურებელი დოკუმენტი
ID card
ID document
Identity card
Related term(s)
fraudulent travel or identity document
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
6.3.2. Establishment of identity of applicants for
international protection (incl. examination of documents,
language analysis, age assessment)
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration
Note(s)
1. An identity document asserts a unique single civil identity and defines
such person’s identity in relation to the issuing state. It may contain the
full name, parents’ names, age, date and place of birth, sex, address,
profession, nationality as well as other biographic information, and
additional electronic biometric data such as fingerprints, photographs,
and face, hand, or iris measurements.
2. Identity documents are e.g. identity cards or passports. In some
countries, such as UK driving licences, showing a photo of the holder, their
date of birth and their home address, are used as general proof of
identity.
3. Currently there is no EU-wide identity document, all EU Member States
except DK and IE issue identity documents on a national basis.
UK документ, що посвідчує особу
HY
308
ինքնության փաստաթուղթ
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
illegal employment
BG незаконна заетост
CS nelegální zaměstnávání
C
D
Definition(s)
DE illegale Beschäftigung
Economic activity carried out in violation of provisions
set by legislation.
E
EL παράνομη απασχόληση
Source(s)
F
EN illegal employment
ES empleo ilegal
ET ebaseaduslik töötamine
FI laiton työnteko
FR emploi illégal
Derived by EMN from definition for ‘clandestine
employment’ in the ILO Thesaurus, 6th ed., 2008
G
Synonym(s)
H
clandestine employment
Narrower term(s)
I
HU illegális foglalkoztatás
illegal employment of an illegally staying third-country
national
illegal employment of a legally staying third-country
national
IT lavoro illegale
GA fostaíocht neamhdhleathach
HR nezakonito zapošljavanje
J
Related term(s)
LT nelegalus darbas
irregular migrant
K
LV nelikumīga nodarbinātība
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
L
PL nielegalne zatrudnienie
13. Irregular Migration| 14.2 Economic factors and
impacts (such as brain drain/gain, employment/
unemployment, labour market, economic growth,
dumping)
PT emprego ilegal
Euro Voc Classification
MT Impjieg illegali
NL illegale tewerkstelling / illegale arbeid
RO angajare ilegală / muncă la negru
M
N
2811 migration| 4406 employment
O
Note(s)
P
SK nelegálne zamestnávanie
SL nezakonito zaposlovanje
SV olaglig anställning
NO illegalt arbeid
KA არალეგალური დასაქმება
UK нелегальне працевлаштування
HY
ապօրինի աշխատանք
1. In the EU context, this covers both the illegal employment of
a third-country national who is irregularly staying on the territory of an
EU Member State and of a legally resident third-country national working
outside the conditions of the residence permit and/or without a work
permit.
2. In the context of Directive 2009/52/EC (Employer Sanctions
Directive) this means the employment of an illegally staying third-country
national (see Art. 2(d)).
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
309
illegal employment of a legally
staying third-country national
BG незаконно наемане на законно пребиваващ
гражданин на трета страна
LV trešās valsts valstspiederīgā, kurš likumīgi uzturas
valstī, nelikumīga nodarbinātība
CS nelegální zaměstnávání oprávněně pobývajícího
státního příslušníka třetí země
MT Impieg illegali ta’ ċittadin(a) minn pajjiż terz residenti
b’mod regolari
DE illegale Beschäftigung eines Drittstaatsangehörigen
mit rechtmäßigem Aufenthalt
NL illegale tewerkstelling van legaal verblijvende
derdelanders
EL παράνομη απασχόληση νομίμως διαμένοντος πολίτη
τρίτης χώρας
PL nielegalne zatrudnienie obywatela państwa trzeciego
przebywającego legalnie
EN illegal employment of a legally staying third-country
national
PT emprego ilegal de nacional de estado terceiro em
situação regular
ES empleo ilegal de nacional de tercer país en situación
de residencia legal
RO angajare ilegală a unui resortisant dintr-o țară terță
aflat în situație de ședere legală
ET seaduslikult riigis viibiva kolmanda riigi kodaniku
ebaseaduslik töötamine
SK nelegálne zamestnávanie oprávnene sa
zdržiavajúcich štátnych príslušníkov tretích krajín
FI laillisesti oleskelevan kolmannen maan kansalaisen
laiton työnteko
SL nezakonita zaposlitev državljana tretje države, ki
zakonito prebiva
FR emploi illégal d’un ressortissant d’un pays tiers en
séjour régulier
SV olaglig anställning av tredjelandsmedborgare som
vistas lagligt
GA fostaíocht neamhdhleathach náisiúnaigh tríú tír atá i
láthair go neamhdhleathach
NO ulovlig sysselsetting av tredjestatsborgere med lovlig
opphold (b); ulovleg sysselsetjing av
tredjestatsborgarar med lovleg opphald (n)
HR nezakonito zapošljavanje državljana treće zemlje koji
zakonito boravi
HU legálisan tartózkodó harmadik országbeli állampolgár
illegális foglalkoztatása
IT lavoro illegale di un cittadino di un paese terzo
regolarmente soggiornante
KA ლეგალურად მყოფი მესამე ქვეყნის
მოქალაქის არალეგალური დასაქმება
UK нелегальне працевлаштування громадянина
третьої країни, який перебуває в країні легально
HY
LT teisėtai šalyje esančio trečiosios šalies piliečio
nelegalus darbas
310
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
օրինական բնակվող երրորդ երկրի քաղաքացու
ապօրինի աշխատանք
A
B
C
D
Definition(s)
E
Employment of a legally staying third-country
national working outside the conditions of
their residence permit and / or without a work permit.
which is is subject to each EU Member State’s national
law.
F
G
Source(s)
Derived by EMN from definition of ‘illegal employment’
in Art. 2 (d) of Council Directive 2009/52/EC (Employer
Sanctions Directive)
H
Broader term(s)
I
Related term(s)
J
illegal employment
illegal employment of an illegally staying third-country
national
K
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
L
14.2 Economic factors and impacts (such as brain drain/
gain, employment/ unemployment, labour market,
economic growth, dumping)
M
Euro Voc Classification
N
2811 migration| 4406 employment
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
311
illegal employment of an illegally
staying third-country national
BG незаконно наемане на незаконно пребиваващ
гражданин на трета страна
LV trešās valsts valstspiederīgā, kurš nelikumīgi uzturas
valstī, nelikumīga nodarbinātība
CS neoprávněné zaměstnávání neoprávněně
pobývajícího státního příslušníka třetí země
MT Impjieg illegali ta’ ċittadin(a) minn pajjiż terz residenti
b’mod irregolari
DE illegale Beschäftigung eines Drittstaatsangehörigen
ohne rechtmäßigen Aufenthalt
NL illegale tewerkstelling van illegaal verblijvende
derdelanders
EL παράνομη απασχόληση παρανόμως διαμένοντος
πολίτη τρίτης χώρας
PL nielegalne zatrudnienie obywatela państwa trzeciego
przebywającego nielegalnie
EN illegal employment of an illegally staying thirdcountry national
PT emprego ilegal de nacional de estado terceiro em
situação irregular
ES empleo ilegal de nacional de tercer país en situación
irregular
RO angajare ilegală a unui resortisant dintr-o țară terță
aflat în situație de ședere ilegală
ET ebaseaduslikult riigis viibiva kolmanda riigi kodaniku
ebaseaduslik töötamine
SK nelegálne zamestnávanie neoprávnene sa
zdržiavajúcich štátnych príslušníkov tretích krajín
FI laittomasti oleskelevan kolmannen maan kansalaisen
laiton työnteko
SL nezakonita zaposlitev državljana tretje države, ki
nezakonito prebiva
FR emploi illégal d’un ressortissant d’un pays tiers en
séjour irrégulier
SV olaglig anställning av tredjelandsmedborgare som
vistas olagligt
GA fostú neamhdhleathach náisiúnaigh tríú tír atá i
láthair go neamhdhleathach
NO ulovlig sysselsetting av tredjestatsborgere uten lovlig
opphold (b); ulovleg sysselsetjing av
tredjestatsborgarar utan lovleg opphald (n)
HR nezakonito zapošljavanje državljana treće zemlje koji
nezakonito boravi
HU illegálisan tartózkodó harmadik országbeli
állampolgár illegális foglalkoztatása
IT lavoro illegale di un cittadino di un paese terzo
irregolarmente soggiornante
KA არალეგალურად მყოფი მესამე ქვეყნის
მოქალაქის არალეგალური დასაქმება
UK нелегальне працевлаштування громадянина
третьої країни, який перебуває в країні нелегально
HY
LT neteisėtai šalyje esančio trečiosios šalies piliečio
nelegalus darbas
312
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
ապօրինի բնակվող երրորդ երկրի քաղաքացու
ապօրինի աշխատանք
A
B
C
D
Definition(s)
Employment of an illegally staying third-country
national.
E
Source(s)
F
Art. 2 (d) of Council Directive 2009/52/EC (Employer
Sanctions Directive)
G
Broader term(s)
H
illegal employment
Related term(s)
employer sanction
illegal employment of a legally staying third-country
national
third-country national found to be illegally present
I
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
K
J
13. Irregular Migration| 14.2 Economic factors and
impacts (such as brain drain/gain, employment/
unemployment, labour market, economic growth,
dumping)
L
M
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration| 4406 employment
N
Note(s)
O
The term itself has been slightly modified from the Directive 2009/52/EC
(Employer Sanctions Directive) definition in order to be more explicit.
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
313
immigrant
BG имигрант
CS přistěhovalec / imigrant
DE Zuwanderer (EU acquis); Einwanderer / Immigrant
EL μετανάστης
EN immigrant
ES inmigrante
ET sisserändaja
FI maahanmuuttaja
FR immigrant
Definition(s)
In the global context, a non-resident (both national
or alien) arriving in a State with the intention to remain
for a period exceeding a year.
In the EU context, a person who establishes their usual
residence in the territory of an EU Member State for
a period that is, or is expected to be, of at least 12
months, having previously been usually resident in
another EU Member State or a third country.
Source(s)
HU bevándorló
Global context: UN Recommendations on Statistics of
International Migration
EU context: Art. 2(b) and (f) of Regulation (EC) No
862/2007 (Migration Statistics Regulation)
IT immigrato
Synonym(s)
GA inimirceach
HR useljenik
LT imigrantas
Immigrant
LV imigrants
Broader term(s)
MT Immigrant(a)
migrant
NL immigrant
Related term(s)
PL imigrant
PT imigrante
RO imigrant
SK prisťahovalec / imigrant
SL priseljenec
emigrant
immigration
short-term migrant
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration
SV invandrare
NO innvandrer (b); innvandrar (n)
KA იმიგრანტი
UK іммігрант
HY
314
ներգաղթող
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
immigration
BG имиграция
CS přistěhovalectví / imigrace
DE Zuwanderung (EU acquis); Einwanderung /
Immigration
EL μετανάστευση
EN immigration
ES inmigración
ET sisseränne
FI maahanmuutto
FR immigration
GA inimirce
HR useljavanje/imigracija
HU bevándorlás
IT immigrazione
LT imigracija
LV imigrācija
MT Immigrazzjoni
NL immigratie
PL imigracja
PT imigração
RO imigraţie
SK prisťahovalectvo / imigrácia
C
D
Definition(s)
In the global context, the act of arriving in a State with
the intention to remain for a period exceeding one year.
In the EU context, the action by which a person
establishes their usual residence in the territory of an
EU Member State for a period that is, or is expected
to be, of at least 12 months, having previously been
usually resident in another EU Member State
Source(s)
Global context: UN Recommendations on Statistics of
International Migration
EU context: Art. 2(b) and (f) of Regulation (EC) No
862/2007 (Migration Statistics Regulation)
F
G
H
I
J
Synonym(s)
K
Immigration
Broader term(s)
L
migration
Narrower term(s)
M
EU Immigration Portal
Related term(s)
N
emigration
immigrant
O
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration
P
SL priseljevanje
SV invandring
Q
NO innvandring
KA იმიგრაცია
R
UK імміграція
HY
E
S
ներգաղթ
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
315
Immigration Liaison Officer (ILO)
BG офицер за връзка по имиграция
CS imigrační styčný důstojník
Definition(s)
ES oficiales de enlace de inmigración
A representative designated and deployed abroad, by
the competent authorities of an EU Member State, or
by the Eruopean Commission or by a Union agency, in
accordance with the respective legal basis, to deal with
migration-related issues, also when that is only a part of
their duties.
ET Euroopa sisserände sideametnik
Source(s)
DE Verbindungsbeamter für Einwanderungsfragen
EL Αξιωματικός Σύνδεσμος Μετανάστευσης
EN Immigration Liaison Officer (ILO)
FI maahanmuuttoalan yhteyshenkilö (ILO)
FR officier de liaison «Immigration»
GA Oifigeach Idirchaidrimh Inimirce (ILO)
HR migracijski časnik za vezu
HU bevándorlási összekötő tisztviselő
IT funzionario di collegamento incaricato
dell’immigrazione
LT imigracijos ryšių palaikymo pareigūnas
LV imigrācijas sadarbības koordinators
MT Uffiċjal tal-Kollegament Responsabbli
għall‑Immigrazzjoni (UKRI)
NL immigratieverbindingsfunctionaris /
immigratieverbindingsambtenaar
PL oficer łącznikowy ds. imigracji
PT oficial de ligação de imigração
RO ofiţer de legătură pe probleme de imigraţie / ILO
SK imigračný styčný dôstojník (ILO)
SL uradnik za zvezo za priseljevanje
SV sambandsman för invandring
NO kontaktperson med ansvar for immigrasjon
KA იმიგრაციის მეკავშირე ოფიცერი (ILO)
UK Співробітник зі зв’язку з питань міграції (ILO)
HY
316
ներգաղթի համար պատասխանատու պաշտոնյա
Derived by EMN froom Art. 2 of Regulation (EU)
2019/1240 (Recast Immigration Liaison Officers
Regulation)
Synonym(s)
ILO
national liaison officer
state liaison officer
Related term(s)
European Border and Coast Guard Agency (Frontex)
Information and Coordination Network for Member
States’ Migration Management Services (ICONet)
European migration liaison officer (EMLO)
European return liaison officer (EURLO)
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration
Note(s)
1. Immigration Liaison Officers are posted abroad in order to establish and
maintain contacts with the authorities of the host country with a view to
contributing to the prevention and combating of irregular migration,
the return of irregular migrants and the management of legal
migration.
2.. Immigration liaison officers are to collect information concerning
irregular migration for use either at operational level or at strategic level,
or both. Such information could substantially contribute to the activities
of European Border and Coast Guard Agengy (Frontex) relating to risk
analysis; closer cooperation between different immigration liaison officers
networks and Frontex should be established to that effect. As immigration
liaison officers shall also be considered the liaison officers who are dealing
with immigration issues as part of their duties.
3. The immigration liaison officers could be posted to the national consular
authorities of EU Member States in third countries or to the relevant
authorities of other EU Member States, but also to the competent
authorities of third countries, as well as to international organisations for
a reasonable time period to be determined by the posting EU Member
State.
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
immigration programme
BG имиграционна програма
C
D
Definition(s)
CS imigrační program
E
EL μεταναστευτικό προγράμμα / πρόγραμμα
μετανάστευσης
Programme to facilitate migration which is organised
or supported with the assistance of a government,
governments or an international organisation, as
opposed to spontaneous migration, which is unaided.
EN immigration programme
Source(s)
G
Related term(s)
H
Euro Voc Classification
I
DE Zuwanderungsprogramm / Einwanderungsprogramm
ES programa de inmigración
ET rändetoetusprogramm
FI maahanmuutto-ohjelma
FR programme d’immigration
GA clár inimirce
Developed by EMN
spontaneous migration
2811 migration
J
HR program useljavanja
HU bevándorlási program
K
IT programma per l’immigrazione
LT imigracijos programa
L
LV imigrācijas programma
MT Programm ta’ immigrazzjoni
M
NL immigratieprogramma
N
PL program imigracyjny
PT migração assistida
O
RO program de imigraţie
SK program prisťahovalectva / imigračný program
P
SL program priseljevanja
SV invandringsprogram
Q
NO program for innvandring
KA საიმიგრაციო პროგრამა
R
UK імміграційна програма
HY
F
S
ներգաղթի ծրագիր
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
317
immigration quota
BG имиграционна квота
CS imigrační kvóta
DE Zuwanderungsquote / Einwanderungsquote
EL ποσόστωση εισόδου μεταναστών
EN immigration quota
ES cuota de inmigración
ET sisserände piirarv
FI maahanmuuttokiintiö
FR quota d’immigration
GA cuóta inimirce
HR useljeničke kvote
HU bevándorlási kvóta
IT quota (per immigrati)
LT imigracijos kvota
LV imigrācijas kvota
MT Kwota ta’ immigrazzjoni
Definition(s)
A quota established for and by the country, normally
for the purposes of labour migration, for the entry
of immigrants.
Source(s)
Developed by EMN
Broader term(s)
labour migration
quota
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
3.1 Migration for Economic Purposes
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration| 4406 employment
Note(s)
In the EU context, such quotas are primarily used for third-country
nationals only.
NL immigratiequota
PL kwota imigracyjna
PT quota de imigração
RO cotă de imigraţie
SK prisťahovalecká kvóta / imigračná kvóta
SL kvota za priseljevanje
SV invandringskvot
NO innvandringskvote
KA საიმიგრაციო კვოტა
UK імміграційна квота
HY
318
ներգաղթի քվոտա
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
impostor
C
BG измамник
CS osoba zneužívající cizí identitu
A person claiming the identity of another person, for
instance by using the other person’s authentic identity
documents.
DE Betrüger
EL απατεώνας
Source(s)
EN impostor
Derived by EMN based on the Norwegian ID Centre
ES impostor
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
FR imposteur
Euro Voc Classification
HR osoba koja koristi tuđi identitet/prevarant
HU imposztor
IT colui che commette il reato di sostituzione di persona
LV viltvārdis
MT Qarrieq(a) / Impustur(a)
NL bedrieger
PL osoba posługująca się fałszywą tożsamością
I
13.3 Crimes related to migration
GA Pasadóir
2811 migration
J
Note(s)
K
1. An impostor practises deception under an assumed identity or name or
by altering their physical appearance. Imposture also applies to an
authentic passport containing a false visa or stamp, or to a genuine visa
in a forged passport. For further information see Frontex: Best Practice
Operational Guidelines for Automated Border Control, 2016.
2. Both spellings impostor/imposter can be found, cf. Cambridge Advanced
Learner’s Dictionary (2nd edition). Both versions are used by the European
Union and the Schengen Member Countries.
PT impostor
RO impostor
L
M
N
O
SK podvodník
SL oseba, ki uporablja tujo identiteto
P
SV bedragare
NO imposter
Q
KA თვითმარქვია
R
UK шахрай
HY
F
H
imposter
FI toiseksi tekeytyjä / impostori
E
G
Synonym(s)
ET petis
LT asmuo, kuris naudojasi svetimu dokumentu
D
Definition(s)
կեղծարար
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
319
inadmissible application for
international protection
BG недопустима молба за международна закрила
CS nepřípustná žádost o mezinárodní ochranu
DE unzulässiger Antrag auf internationalen Schutz
EL απαράδεκτη αίτηση διεθνούς προστασίας
EN inadmissible application for international protection
ES solicitud de protección internacional inadmisible
ET vastuvõetamatu rahvusvahelise kaitse taotlus
FI kansainvälistä suojelua koskeva hakemus, jota ei
oteta tutkintaan
FR demande de protection internationale irrecevable
GA iarratas neamh-inghlactha ar chosaint idirnáisiúnta
HR nedopušteni zahtjev za međunarodnu zaštitu
HU elfogadhatatlan nemzetközi védelem iránti kérelem
IT Domanda di protezione internazionale inammissibile
LT nepriimtinas tarptautinės apsaugos prašymas (EU
acquis); nepriimtinas prašymas suteikti prieglobstį
LV nepieņemams starptautiskās aizsardzības pieteikums
MT Applikazzjoni inaċċettabbli għall-protezzjoni
internazzjonali
NL niet-ontvankelijk verzoek om internationale
bescherming
Definition(s)
An application for international protection which an
EU Member State authority may decide not to examine
in the following cases:
(a) another EU Member State has granted international
protection;
(b) a country which is not an EU Member State is
considered as a first country of asylum for the
applicant;
(c) a country which is not an EU Member State is
considered as a safe third country for the applicant;
(d) the application is a subsequent application, where
no new elements or findings relating to the examination
of whether the applicant qualifies as a beneficiary
of international protection by virtue of Directive
2011/95/EU have arisen or have been presented by the
applicant; or
(e) a dependant of the applicant lodges an application
after they have, in accordance with Art. 7(2) of Directive
2013/32/EU, consented to have their case be part of
an application lodged on their behalf, and there are no
facts relating to the dependant›s situation which justify
a separate application.
Source(s)
PL niedopuszczalny wniosek o udzielenie ochrony
międzynarodowej
Art. 33 of Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum
Procedures Directive)
PT pedido inadmíssivel de proteção internacional
Synonym(s)
RO cerere inadmisibilă de protecție internațională
formal decision
SK neprípustná žiadosť o medzinárodnú ochranu
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
SL nedopustna prošnja za mednarodno zaščito
SV ansökan som inte kan tas upp till prövning
NO asylsøknad som ikke skal realitetsvurderes (b);
asylsøknad som ikkje skal realitetsvurderast (n)
KA განუხილველად დატოვებული განცხადება
საერთაშორისო დაცვის მოთხოვნის შესახებ
UK недопустима заява про надання міжнародного
захисту
HY
320
միջազգային պաշտպանության ոչ ընդունելի դիմում
6.2 Procedure for international protection/Refugee status
determination
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration
Note(s)
1. In such cases a formal decision can be taken which means that the
case was closed without an examination of the asylum claim’s substance.
2. In asylum statistics, inadmissable applications are often summarised as
formal decisions. This can make comparison of national statistics on
inadmissable applications challenging at EU level.
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
indirect discrimination
BG непряка/ косвена дискриминация
CS nepřímá diskriminace
DE mittelbare Diskriminierung
EL έμμεση διάκριση
EN indirect discrimination
ES discriminación indirecta
ET kaudne diskrimineerimine
FI välillinen syrjintä
FR discrimination indirecte
GA idirdhealú indíreach
HR neizravna diskriminacija
HU közvetett diszkrimináció
IT discriminazione indiretta
LT netiesioginė diskriminacija
LV netieša diskriminācija
MT Diskriminazzjoni indiretta
NL indirecte discriminatie
PL dyskryminacja pośrednia
PT discriminação indireta
C
D
Definition(s)
A situation in which an apparently neutral provision,
criterion or practice would put persons of a racial or
ethnic origin at a particular disadvantage compared
with other persons, unless that provision, criterion or
practice is objectively justified by a legitimate aim and
the means of achieving that aim are appropriate and
necessary.
E
Source(s)
H
Art. 2(b) of Council Directive 2000/43/EC (Racial Equality
Directive)
Related term(s)
G
I
J
institutional discrimination
principle of equal treatment
structural discrimination
K
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
14.1 Political factors and impacts (such as political
stability, political climate, public discourse, partly overlap
with class 2)
Euro Voc Classification
L
M
N
1236 rights and freedoms
RO discriminare indirectă
O
SK nepriama diskriminácia
SL posredna diskriminacija
P
SV indirekt diskriminering
NO indirekte diskriminering
Q
KA ირიბი დისკრიმინაცია
R
UK прихована дискримінація
HY
F
անուղղակի խտրականություն
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
321
indiscriminate violence
BG безогледно насилие
CS svévolné násilí
DE willkürliche Gewalt
EL αδιακρίτως ασκούμενη βία
EN indiscriminate violence
ES violencia indiscriminada
ET juhuslik vägivald
FI mielivaltainen väkivalta
FR violence aveugle
GA foréigean neamh-idirdhealaitheach
Definition(s)
Violence in situations of international or internal armed
conflict which presents a serious and individual threat to
a civilian’s life.
Source(s)
Art. 15 of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification
Directive)
Broader term(s)
serious harm
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
HR opće nasilje
6.2 Procedure for international protection/Refugee status
determination
HU megkülönböztetés nélküli erőszak
Euro Voc Classification
IT Violenza indiscriminata
LT nesirenkamasis smurtas (EU acquis); beatodairiškas
smurtas
LV plaši izplatīta vardarbība
MT Vjolenza għamja
NL willekeurig geweld
PL przemoc na masową skalę
PT violência indiscriminada
RO violență generalizată
SK všeobecné násilie
SL vsesplošno nasilje
SV urskillningslöst våld
NO vilkårlig vold (b); vilkårleg vald (n)
KA განურჩეველი ძალადობა
UK невибіркове насильство
HY
322
անխտիր բռնություն
1011 European Union law| 2811 migration
Note(s)
1. The term is relevant for the purposes of determining the risk of
serious harm in the context of qualification for subsidiary protection
status under Art. 15(c) of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification
Directive). Indiscriminate violence refers to the source of the specific type
of serious harm identified in Art. 15(c).
2. In its judgment in Elgafaji, the Court of Justice of the European
Union (CJEU) has held that the term ‹indiscriminate› implies that the
violence ‹may extend to people irrespective of their personal
circumstances›. The Court highlighted the ‹exceptional situation› needed
for Art. 15(c) to apply to civilians generally. It made clear that, for this to
be the case: ‹ the degree of indiscriminate violence characterising the
armed conflict taking place … such a high level that substantial grounds
are shown for believing that a civilian, returned to the relevant country or,
as the case may be, to the relevant region, would, solely on account of his
presence on the territory of that country or region, face a real risk of being
subject to the serious threat referred in Art. 15(c) of the Directive’,
see CJEU C-465/07 Elgafaji vs the Netherlands.
3. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) understands
the term ‘indiscriminate’ to encompass ‘acts of violence not targeted at a
specific object or individual, as well as acts of violence which are targeted
at a specific object or individual but the effects of which may harm
others’. (See UNHCR’s study: ‘Safe at Last? Law and Practice in Selected
EU Member States with respect to asylum seekers fleeing indiscriminate
violence’. .
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
informal economy
BG неформална икономика
CS šedá ekonomika
DE informelle Wirtschaft / Schattenwirtschaft
EL παραοικονομία
EN informal economy
ES economía informal
ET varimajandus
FI epävirallinen talous
FR économie informelle
GA geilleagar neamhfhoirmiúil
HR neslužbeno gospodarstvo
C
D
Definition(s)
E
All economic activities by workers and economic
units that are -in law or in practice -not covered or
insufficiently covered by formal arrangements.
F
Source(s)
Para. 3 of ILO Resolution concerning Decent Work and
the Informal Economy, 2002
G
Synonym(s)
H
black market
clandestine employment
I
Related term(s)
HU informális gazdaság
informal employment
informal sector
J
IT economia informale
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
K
LT šešėlinė ekonomika
NL informele economie
4.4 Reception and Accommodation of Applicants for
international protection and other refugees| 14.2
Economic factors and impacts (such as brain drain/gain,
employment/ unemployment, labour market, economic
growth, dumping)
PL gospodarka nierejestrowana
Euro Voc Classification
LV neformālā ekonomika
MT Ekonomija informali
PT economia informal
SL neformalno gospodarstvo / siva ekonomija
SV informell ekonomi
NO uformell økonomi / parallell økonomi
KA არაფორმალური ეკონომიკა
N
Note(s)
O
1. Activities within the informal economy are not covered by law, which
means that they are operating outside of the formal reach of relevant
legislation; or they are not covered in practice, which means that, although
they are operating within the formal reach of the law, the law is not
applied or not enforced, or the law discourages compliance because it is
inappropriate, burdensome or imposes excessive costs.
2. This applies to third-country nationals, too.
UK тіньова економіка
HY
M
4406 employment
RO economie informală
SK tieňová ekonomika / šedá ekonomika
L
P
Q
R
ոչ ֆորմալ տնտեսություն
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
323
Information and Coordination Network
for Member States’ Migration
Management Services (ICONet)
BG Мрежа за информация и координация на
службите за управление на миграцията на
държавите членки
CS Informační a koordinační síť pro služby řízení migrace
členských států
DE Informations- und Koordinierungsnetz für die
Migrationsbehörden der EU-Mitgliedstaaten
EL Δικτύου Πληροφοριών και Συντονισμού των
Υπηρεσιών Διαχείρισης της Μετανάστευσης των
κρατών μελών
EN Information and Coordination Network for Member
States’ Migration Management Services (ICONet)
ES ICONet
ET liikmesriikide migratsiooniteenistuste info-ja
koordineerimisvõrgustik
FI Tieto- ja koordinointiverkosto maahanmuuton
hallinnasta vastaavia jäsenvaltioiden viranomaisia
varten (ICONet)
FR Réseau d’information et de coordination sécurisé
connecté à l’internet pour les services des États
membres chargés de la gestion des flux migratoires
(ICONet)
LT Informacijos ir koordinavimo tinklas, skirtas valstybių
narių migracijos valdymo tarnyboms
LV Informācijas un koordinācijas tīkls dalībvalstu
migrācijas pārvaldes dienestiem
MT Netwerk ta’ Informazzjoni u Koordinazzjoni għasServizzi dwar Ġestjoni ta’ Migrazzjoni fl-Istati Membri
/ ICONet
NL Informatie- encoördinatienetwerk voor de
migratiebeheersdiensten van de lidstaten
PL ICONet / no usual translation
PT ICONet
RO Reţeaua de informare şi coordonare a serviciilor de
management al migraţiei din statele membre
(ICONet)
SK Informačná a koordinačná sieť pre služby riadenia
migrácie členských štátov (ICONet)
SL Informacijsko in usklajevalno omrežje, namenjeno
službam držav članic za migracije
SV ICONet
NO ICONet
KA ევროკავშირის წევრი ქვეყნების მიგრაციის
სამსახურთა საინფორმაციო და
საკოორდინაციო ქსელი (ICONet)
GA ICONet
HR Informacijska i koordinacijska mreža za migracijske
službe država članica (ICONet)
HU információs és koordinációs hálózat a tagállamok
migrációigazgatási szolgálatai részére
IT Rete di Informazione e Coordinamento per i Servizi di
Gestione dell’Immigrazione degli Stati Membri /
ICONet
324
UK Інформаційна та координаційна мережа для
служб управління міграцією держав-членів
(ICONet)
HY
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
Անդամ պետությունների միգրացիայի
կառավարման ծառայությունների տեղեկատվական
և համակարգման ցանց
A
B
C
D
E
Definition(s)
F
A secure web-based information and coordination
network for the rapid information exchange between
EU Member States on irregular migration flows and
phenomena, and the return of illegal residents.
G
H
Source(s)
Derived by EMN from Art. 1 of Council Decision
2005/267/EC (Decision on an Information and
Coordination Network for Member States’ Migration
Management Services)
I
J
Synonym(s)
ICONet
K
Related term(s)
European Border and Coast Guard Agency (Frontex)
Immigration Liaison Officer (ILO)
mutual information mechanism
L
M
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
13. Irregular Migration
N
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration
O
Note(s)
P
1. The ICONet was established in 2005 within the framework of the
Council’s comprehensive plan to combat illegal immigration and trafficking of human beings.
2. The elements for information exchange shall include at least the
following:
(a) early warning system on irregular immigration and facilitator networks;
(b) network of immigration liaison officers (ILOs);
(c) information on the use of visas, borders and travel documents in
relation to illegal immigration; and
(d) return-related issues.
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
325
inhuman treatment or punishment
BG нечовешко отношение или наказание
CS nelidské zacházení nebo trest
DE unmenschliche Behandlung oder Bestrafung
EL απάνθρωπη µεταχείριση ή τιµωρία
EN inhuman treatment or punishment
ES pena o trato inhumano
ET ebainimlik kohtlemine või karistamine
FI epäinhimillinen kohtelu tai rangaistus
FR peine ou traitement inhumain
GA íde nó píonós mídhaonna
HR nečovječno postupanje ili kažnjavanje
HU embertelen bánásmód vagy büntetés
IT Trattamento inumano o pena inumana
Definition(s)
Ill-treatment which is premeditated and applied for
hours at a stretch and causing either actual bodily injury
or intense physical and mental suffering.
Source(s)
ECtHR, Kudla vs Poland Application no. 30210/96
Related term(s)
degrading treatment or punishment
torture
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
1. Framework Concepts on Migration (including root
causes of migration
Euro Voc Classification
1236 rights and freedoms
LT nežmoniškas elgesys ar baudimas
LV necilvēcīga rīcība vai sodīšana
MT Trattament jew kastig inuman / piena inumana
NL onmenselijke behandeling of bestraffing
PL nieludzkie traktowanie lub kara
PT pena ou tratamento desumanos
RO tratament inuman sau pedeapsă
SK neľudské zaobchádzanie alebo trestanie
SL nečloveško ravnanje ali kaznovanje
SV omänsklig behandling eller bestraffning
NO umenneskelig behandling eller straff (b);
umenneskeleg handsaming eller straff (n)
KA არაადამიანური მოპყრობა ან სასჯელი
UK нелюдське поводження чи покарання
HY
326
անմարդկային վերաբերմունք կամ պատիժ
Note(s)
1. Prohibition on torture or inhuman or degrading treatment or
punishment is recognised as a right of paramount significance under
international human rights law and set out in all major international
instruments dealing with civil and political rights, such as in Art. 3 of
the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). The prohibition,
contained in Art. 3 of the ECHR is the only Convention prohibition that is
not subject to any limitations or derogations.
2. While the UN Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or
Degrading Treatment or Punishment (UNCAT) provides a definition of
torture, there is no universally accepted definition of inhuman and
degrading treatment or punishment. The case law of the European Court
of Human Rights (ECtHR) provides at least a source of guidance even
though the decision practice of the Court has changed over the time. On
the basis of the degree of severity of ill-treatment the Court distinguished
and defined three concepts prohibited by Art.3: (i) torture, (ii) inhuman
treatment or punishment and (iii) degrading treatment or punishment.
Further, the Court emphasized in the Selmouni vs. France judgement of 28
July 1999 that the hierarchy distinguishing the three categories of
ill-treatment is fluid in nature and has to be assessed in harmony with
societal pogress.
3. The concept of inhuman treatment and punishment is the least
developed of the three concepts (degrading treatment, inhuman
treatment, torture) for different forms of ill-treatment.
4. It is often difficult to identify the exact boundaries between the different
forms of ill-treatment as this requires an assessment about degrees of
suffering that may depend on the particular circumstances of the case
and the caracteristics of the particular victim. According to the case law of
the ECtHR various components can determine whether a particular
treatment constitutes torture or inhuman or degrading treatment or
punishment: the gravity of the treatment, the intentional infliction of the
treatment, the severity of the pain, the arbitrariness of the violence, the
prohibited purpose, the duration of the treatment and the level of cruelty
of the act. The Court did not classify these examples as exhaustive, the
prohibited purpose criterion of the torture definition of the UN Convention
against Torture and Other Cruel, inhuman or Degrading Treatment or
Punishment (UNCAT) is not the only decisive factor.
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
integration
BG интеграция
CS integrace
DE Integration
EL ένταξη
EN integration
ES integración
ET lõimumine / integratsioon
FI kotoutuminen
FR intégration
C
D
Definition(s)
E
In the EU context, a dynamic, two-way process
of mutual accommodation by all immigrants and
residents of EU Member States.
F
Source(s)
Action 1, section 2 of European Commission:
Communication on a Common Agenda for Integration,
COM(2005) 389 final
Narrower term(s)
G
H
I
HU integráció
Common Basic Principles
European Website on Integration
Handbook on Integration
National Contact Points on Integration
IT integrazione
Related term(s)
K
GA imeascadh
HR integracija
LT integracija
LV integrācija
MT Integrazzjoni
NL integratie
PL integracja
PT integração
RO integrare
SK integrácia
SL integracija / vključevanje
SV integration
NO integrering
KA ინტეგრაცია
UK інтеграція
HY
J
adaptation
host society
reintegration
L
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
M
Euro Voc Classification
N
9. Integration
2811 migration
O
Note(s)
1. Art. 79(4) of the TFEU gives the legal base for Union activities on
integration. The promotion of fundamental rights, non-discrimination
and equal opportunities for all are key integration issues.
2. At EU level, integration policy is developed within the framework
of Common Basic Principles - CBP (of which the broad definition above
is the first one).
3. For more information, see European Website on Integration.
P
Q
R
ինտեգրում
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
327
integration indicators
BG показатели за интеграция
CS indikátory integrace
DE Integrationsindikatoren
EL δείκτες ένταξης
EN integration indicators
ES Indicadores de integración
Definition(s)
Benchmarks used to measure
the integration of migrants in specific policy
areas, such as employment, education, social
inclusion and active citizenship.
Source(s)
FI kotoutumisen indikaattorit
Derived by EMN from the European Website on
Integration: Using EU Indicators of Immigrant Integration,
August 2013.
FR indicateurs d’intégration
Synonym(s)
ET integratsiooni indikaatorid
GA
Zaragoza indicators
HR pokazatelji integracije
Broader term(s)
HU integrációs indikátorok
integration
IT indicatori di integrazione
Related term(s)
LT integracijos rodikliai
LV integrācijas indikatori
MT Indikaturi tal-integrazzjoni
NL Integratie-indicatoren
PL wskaźniki integracji
PT indicadores de integração
RO indicatori de integrare
SK ukazovatele integrácie / integračné ukazovatele
SL kazalniki integracije / kazalniki vključevanja
SV integrationsindikatorer
NO integreringsindikatorer
KA ინტეგრაციის ინდიკატორები
UK показники інтеграції
HY
328
Common Basic Principles
Integration Monitoring
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
9.2 Integration indicators
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration| 2826 social affairs
Note(s)
1. The Zaragoza Declaration on Integration adopted in 2010 agreed
on a set of common indicators in the policy areas mentioned in the
definition, additional indicators (such as health) were introduced later.
2. Eurostat reports include statistics monitoring the core Zaragoza
indicators and other indicators such as indicators for employment:
the share of employees who are overqualified for their jobs;
self-employment.
3. For more information see Final Report on Using EU Indicators of
Immigrant Integration, August 2013.
ինտեգրման ցուցանիշներ
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
integration programme
BG програма за интегриране
CS integrační program
DE Integrationsprogramm
EL πρόγραμμα (κοινωνικής) ένταξης
EN integration programme
ES Programa de integración
ET integratsiooni programm
FI kotoutumisohjelma
FR programme d’intégration
GA
C
D
Definition(s)
Set of measures put in place by the State and/or civil
society organisations to support the integration of
legally residing migrants/third-country nationals into
the host society.
E
Source(s)
G
Broader term(s)
H
Narrower term(s)
I
Developed by EMN
integration
F
HU integrációs program
civic orientation course
mandatory integration programme
voluntary integration programme
IT piano di integrazione
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
K
Euro Voc Classification
L
HR program integracije
LT integracijos programa
LV integrācijas programma
MT
J
9.1 Integration measures
2811 migration| 2826 social affairs
M
NL Inburgeringscursus / Inburgeringstraject
PL program integracyjny
PT programa de integração
RO program de integrare
SK integračný program / program integrácie
SL program vključevanja / program integracije
SV integrationsprogram / etableringsinsatser
NO integreringsprogram
KA საინტეგრაციო პროგრამა
UK програма інтеграції
HY
ինտեգրացման ծրագիր
Note(s)
1. In some EU Member States integration programmes are mandatory
whereas in others they are voluntary.
2. Mandatory programmes may take different forms, such as tests or
classes or long-term commitment, and are made compulsory by law or
regulation. If third-country nationals do not comply with mandatory
integration measures or conditions, access to certain benefits/services can
be limited or certain sanctions may be imposed (such as refusal to issue
a residence permit or to renew it, the withdrawal of financial or social
support).
3. Voluntary programmes may be of the same nature as mandatory
measures and conditions. However, there is no obligation for third-country
nationals to engage in such programmes and there are no sanctions
weighing on the residence permit or status where persons do not properly
attend integration programmes. Incentives may have been introduced to
motivate third-country nationals to participate in integration programmes.
4. In some EU Member States such integration programmes are free of
charge or publicly funded, in others participants have to pay on their own.
5. Some EU Member States offer pre-departure integration measures
targeted specifically at applicants of international protection.
6. Civic orientation courses are often part of the integration programme.
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
329
intercultural dialogue
BG междукултурен диалог
CS mezikulturní dialog
DE interkultureller Dialog
EL διαπολιτισμικός διάλογος
EN intercultural dialogue
ES diálogo intercultural
Definition(s)
An open and respectful exchange of views between
individuals and groups with different ethnic, cultural,
religious and linguistic backgrounds and heritage on the
basis of mutual understanding and respect.
Source(s)
ET kultuuridevaheline dialoog
Section 1.4 of Council of Europe: White Paper on
Intercultural Dialogue, May 2008
FI kulttuurienvälinen vuoropuhelu
Narrower term(s)
FR dialogue interculturel
GA idirphlé idirchultúrtha
HR interkulturni dijalog
HU kultúrák közötti párbeszéd
IT dialogo interculturale
cultural mediator
Related term(s)
cultural diversity
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
LT tarpkultūrinis dialogas
14.3 Social factors and impacts (such as changes in
demographics, age, education level, diversity)
LV starpkultūru dialogs
Euro Voc Classification
MT Djalogu interkulturali
NL interculturele dialoog
PL dialog międzykulturowy
PT diálogo intercultural
RO dialog intercultural
SK medzikultúrny dialóg / interkultúrny dialóg
SL medkulturni dialog
SV interkulturell dialog
2811 migration| 2831 culture and religion
Note(s)
1. Intercultural dialogue has long been a principle supported by the
European Union and its institutions. The year 2008 was designated
‘European Year of Intercultural Dialogue’ (EYID) by the European
Parliament and the EU Member States. It aimed to draw the attention of
people in Europe to the importance of dialogue within diversity and
between diverse cultures.
2. For more information, see Evaluation of the European Year of
Intercultural Dialogue, 2008, (COM/2010/0361 final) .
NO interkulturell dialog
KA კულტურათაშორისი დიალოგი
UK міжкультурний діалог
HY
330
միջմշակութային երկխոսություն
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
331
Intergovernmental Consultations on
Migration, Asylum and Refugees (IGC)
BG Междуправителствени консултации по миграция,
убежище и бежанци
LV Starpvaldību konsultācijas par migrācijas, patvēruma
un bēgļu jautājumiem
CS Mezivládní konzultace k migraci, azylu a uprchlictví
MT Konsultazzjonijiet Intergovernattivi fuq Migrazzjoni,
Ażil u Rifuġjati
DE Zwischenstaatliche Beratungen über Migration, Asyl
und Flüchtlinge
EL Οργανισμός Διακυβερνητικών Διαβουλεύσεων για τη
μετανάστευση, το άσυλο και τους πρόσφυγες
EN Intergovernmental Consultations on Migration,
Asylum and Refugees (IGC)
ES Consultas Intergubernamentales sobre Asilo, Refugio
y Migración
ET valitsustevahelised konsultatsioonid rände-,
varjupaiga- ja pagulasteemal
FI IGC (Euroopan, Pohjois-Amerikan ja Australian
turvapaikka-, pakolais- ja siirtolaispolitiikkoja
käsittelevä hallitustenvälinen foorumi)
NL Intergouvernementeel overleg inzake migratie, asiel
en vluchtelingen
PL Międzyrządowe Konsultacje nt. Migracji, Azylu i
Uchodźców
PT Consultas Intergovernamentais sobre Migrações,
Asilo e Refugiados
RO Consultări interguvernamentale cu privire la migrație,
azil și refugiați
SK Medzivládne konzultácie o migrácii, azyle a
utečencoch (IGC)
SL Medvladna posvetovanja o migracijah, azilu in
beguncih
FR Consultations intergouvernementales sur les
politiques d’asile, de réfugiés et de migrations
SV IGC / Intergovernmental Consultations on Migration,
Asylum and Refugees
GA Comhairliúcháin Idir-Rialtasacha maidir le hImirce,
Tearmann agus Dídeanaithe
NO Flernasjonal informasjonsutveksling om migrasjons,
asyl- og flyktningspørsmål
HR Međuvladine konzultacije (MVK) o migracijama, azilu
i izbjeglicama
KA მთავრობათაშორისი კონსულტაციები
HU Kormányközi egyeztetés a migrációról,
menekültügyről és menekültekről
IT Consultazioni Inter-Governative in materia di
Immigrazione, Asilo e Rifugiati
მიგრაციის, თავშესაფრისა და ლტოლვილთა
საკითხებზე (IGC)
UK Міжурядові консультації з питань міграції, притулку
та біженців (IGC)
HY
LT Tarpvyriausybinės konsultacijos migracijos,
prieglobsčio ir pabėgėlių klausimais
332
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
Միգրացիայի, ապաստանի և փախստականների
վերաբերյալ միջկառավարական
խորհրդատվություններ
A
B
C
Definition(s)
An informal, non-decision making forum for
intergovernmental information exchange and policy
debate on issues of relevance to the management
of international migratory flows, which brings
together the participating states, the United Nations
High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR),
the International Organization for Migration
(IOM) and the European Commission.
Source(s)
Website of the IGC
Synonym(s)
IGC
Related term(s)
European Asylum Support Office (EASO)
International Organization for Migration (IOM)
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
(UNHCR)
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration
D
Note(s)
1. The starting point for the IGC was a conference held in May 1985 under
the auspices of the UNHCR. While historically focused on asylum issues,
IGC has moved towards greater discussion and exchange of data on
general migration policies since 2006.
2.The IGC’s work is organised around six broad portfolios, each led by a
working group which meets twice yearly:
Admission, Control and Enforcement covers all policy and practical
aspects along the enforcement continuum including pre-entry, travel,
admission, in-country controls, detention, return and readmission for
both regular and irregular immigration flows, including smuggling of
migrants and trafficking in human beings.
Asylum and Refugees focuses on the broad range of asylum, refugee and international protection matters, from administrative case
processing and refugee status determination to strategic policy issues.
Country of Origin Information (COI) covers all policy and practical
aspects of country of origin information, including COI for asylum
cases, protection, resettlement, enforcement and immigration, and
effective methodology and practices in COI work.
Immigration covers the range of legal migration pathways, from
labour migration to students and family migration, as well as
cross-cutting issues, such as drivers of legal migration, and the nexus
between immigration and integration policies and practices.
Integration focuses on policy and practice around settlement and
integration, including issues related to language acquisition, labour
market inclusion, civic participation, social cohesion, and citizenship.
Technology is cross-cutting and provides a support function to other IGC
portfolios by covering all technologies being employed in the areas of
regular and irregular migration.
3. As part of its comprehensive approach, the IGC undertakes a range of
multi-disciplinary activities based on the priorities of participating states.
This includes exploration of emerging themes or country-specific issues
through in-person or virtual workshops, expert networks, and site visits.
For more information see the IGC website.
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
333
internal EU border
BG вътрешна граница на ЕС
CS vnitřní hranice EU
DE EU-Binnengrenze
EL εσωτερικά σύνορα της ΕΕ
EN internal EU border
ES frontera interior (UE)
Definition(s)
The parts of a Schengen Member States’ border,
including land borders, river and lake borders, sea
borders and their airports, river ports, sea ports and lake
ports.
Source(s)
ET Euroopa Liidu sisepiir
Derived by EMN from Art. 2(1) of Regulation (EU)
2016/399 (Schengen Borders Code)
FI EU:n sisäraja
Synonym(s)
FR frontière intérieure de l’UE
GA teorainn inmheánach AE
internal border
internal Schengen border
HR unutarnje granice EU-a
Related term(s)
HU az EU belső határa
IT frontiera interna UE
LT ES vidaus siena
LV ES iekšējā robeža
MT Konfini (Il-) interni / Fruntiera (Il-) interna tal-UE
NL EU binnengrens
PL granica wewnętrzna UE
PT fronteira interna
RO Frontieră internă a UE
SK vnútorná hranica EÚ
SL notranja meja EU
SV inre gräns
NO grense mellom Schengen-medlemsland
KA ევროკავშირის შიდა საზღვარი
UK внутрішній кордон ЄС
HY
334
ԵՄ ներքին սահմաններ
border control
external EU border
irregular entry
legal entry
refusal of entry
Schengen Borders Code
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
6.1.1 Border control| 6.1.3 Schengen governance
Euro Voc Classification
1011 European Union law| 2811 migration
Note(s)
1. IE does not participate in the Schengen Area.
2. BG and RO are Schengen candidate countries, they are currently in the
process of joining the Schengen Area and already applying the Schengen
acquis to a large extent.
3. IS, LI, NO and CH are also Schengen Member States, although they are
not EU Member States.
4. For updated information on membership to the Schengen Area, see
the DG Migration and Home Affairs website.
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
internal protection
BG вътрешна закрила
CS vnitrostátní ochrana
DE interner Schutz
EL εγχώρια προστασία
EN internal protection
ES protección interna
ET riigisisene kaitse
FI suojelu alkuperämaassa
FR protection à l’intérieur du pays
GA cosaint inmheánach
HR unutarnja zaštita
C
D
Definition(s)
The concept that an applicant is not in need
of international protection if in a part of the country
of origin, they
(a) have no well-founded fear of being persecuted or are
not at real risk of suffering serious harm; or
(b) have access to protection
against persecution or serious harm; and they can
safely and legally travel to and gain admittance to that
part of the country and can reasonably be expected to
settle there.
Source(s)
E
F
G
H
I
HU belső védelem
Derived by EMN from Art. 8 of Directive 2011/95/ EU
(Recast Qualifiation Directive)
J
IT protezione all’interno del paese di origine
Synonym(s)
K
LT vidaus apsauga
LV iekšējā aizsardzība
MT Protezzjoni interna
NL binnenlandse bescherming
PL ochrona wewnętrzna
PT proteção interna
RO Protecția în interiorul țării
SK vnútroštátna ochrana / vnútorná ochrana
SL notranja zaščita
SV internt skydd / internt flyktalternativ
NO intern beskyttelse (b); internt vern (n)
KA ქვეყნის შიგნით დაცვა
UK внутрішній захист
HY
ներքին պաշտպանություն
internal flight alternative
internal protection alternative
internal relocation alternative
IFA
IPA
L
M
Related term(s)
N
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
O
Euro Voc Classification
P
international protection
4. International Protection and other Types of Protection
1011 European Union law| 2811 migration
Q
Note(s)
The assessment whether an internal protection alternative is available in
the country of origin is part of the assessment of the application of
international protection and has to take into account all the
circumstances of the individual case. This assessment is to be made in
the context of the conditions in the place of relocation (including
basic human rights, security conditions, socio-economic conditions,
accommodation, access to health care facilities), in order to determine the
impact on that individual of settling in the proposed place of relocation
and whether the individual could live a relatively normal life without
undue hardship. For further information see UNHCR: Guidelines on
international protection: Internal Flight or Relocation Alternative within the
Context of Article 1A(2) of the 1951 Convention and/or 1967 Protocol
relating to the Status of Refugees, July 2003.
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
335
internally displaced person
BG вътрешно разселено лице
CS vnitřně vysídlená osoba
DE Binnenvertriebener
EL εσωτερικώς εκτοπισθείς (EL); εκτοπισθείς (CY)
EN internally displaced person
ES población desplazada internamente
ET riigisiseselt ümberasustatud isik / riigisisene põgenik
FI maan sisällä siirtymään joutunut henkilö
FR personne déplacée à l’intérieur de son propre pays
GA duine easáitithe de thír
HR interno raseljene osobe
HU belső menekült
IT sfollato interno
LT viduje perkeltasis asmuo
LV iekšzemē pārvietota persona
Definition(s)
A person or groups of persons who has been forced
or obliged to flee or to leave their homes or places
of habitual residence, in particular as a result of or in
order to avoid the effects of armed conflict, situations
of generalised violence, violations of human rights or
natural or human-made disasters, and who have not
crossed an internationally recognised State border.
Source(s)
Art. 2 of UN Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement,
1998.
Synonym(s)
IDP
Broader term(s)
displaced person
Related term(s)
NL in eigen land ontheemd persoon
de facto refugee
environmentally displaced person
forced migrant
PL osoba wewnętrznie przesiedlona
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
MT Persuna sfollata internament / f’pajjiżha stess
PT deslocado interno
RO persoană strămutată în interiorul țării / persoană
strămutată intern
SK vnútorne vysídlená osoba
1. Framework Concepts on Migration (including root
causes of migration
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration
SL notranje razseljena oseba
SV internflykting
NO internt fordrevet person (b); internt fordriven person
(n)
Note(s)
For more information, see the Website of the Internal Displacement
Monitoring Centre (IDMC).
KA (ქვეყნის შიგნით) იძულებით გადაადგილებული
პირი
UK внутрішньо переміщена особа
HY
336
ներքին տեղահանված անձ
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
International Civil Aviation
Organisation (ICAO) format
BG Формат на Международната организация за
гражданска авиация
A
B
C
D
Definition(s)
CS Formát stanovený Mezinárodní organizací pro civilní
letectví
DE Format der Internationalen Zivilluftfahrt-Organisation
/ Format der Zivilluftfahrt-Organisation
EL μορφότυπος Διεθνούς Οργάνωσης Πολιτικής
Αεροπορίας
EN International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) format
ES formato de la organización de aviación civil
internacional
Specifications set out by the International Civil
Aviation Organisation (ICAO) in relation to machine
readable travel documents, including passports
and visas.
E
Source(s)
G
F
Derived by EMN from ICAO Doc 9303 Machine Readable
Travel Documents Seventh Edition, 2015, Part 1.
Synonym(s)
ICAO format
I
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
ET Rahvusvahelise Tsiviillennun-duse Organisatsiooni
spetsifikatsioonid
6.1 Entry Conditions and Procedures
J
Euro Voc Classification
FI Kansainvälisen siviili-ilmailujärjestön määrittelyt
koneluettavista matkustusasiakirjoista
FR format de l’Organisation de l’aviation civile
internationale (OACI)
2811 migration
K
Note(s)
L
1. The specifications relate to both machine readable travel documents
and electronic machine readable travel documents which include the
capability of being used for biometric identification.
2. The ICAO format is followed by all EU/Schengen Member States.
GA
HR format Organizacije međunarodnog civilnog
zrakoplovstva (ICAO)
H
M
HU Nemzetközi Polgári Repülési Szervezet (ICAO)
formátum
N
IT Formato Standard ICAO – Organizzazione
Internazionale Aviazione Civile
O
LT Tarptautinės civilinės aviacijos organizacijos
reikalavimai
P
LV Starptautiskās Civilās aviācijas organizācijas forma
Q
MT Format (Il-) tal-Organizzazzjoni tal-Avjazzjoni Ċivili
Internazzjonali
R
NL Internationale Burgerluchtvaartorganisatie format
PL format Międzynarodowej Organizacji Lotnictwa
Cywilnego
S
PT Formato estabelecido pela Organização da Aviação
Civil Internacional
T
RO formatul Organizației Aviației Civile Internaționale
(OACI)
U
SK formát Medzinárodnej organizácie pre civilné letectvo
(ICAO)
V
SL format Mednarodne organizacije za civilno letalstvo
SV Internationella civila luftfartsorganisationens format
W
NO Format fastlagt av Den internasjonale
organisasjonen for sivil luftfart
X
KA სამოქალაქო ავიაციის საერთაშორისო
Y
ორგანიზაციის (ICAO) ფორმატი
UK Формат Міжнародної організації цивільної авіації
(ІКАО)
HY
Z
Քաղաքացիական ավիացիայի միջազգային
կազմակերպության ձևաչափ
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
337
International Organization
for Migration (IOM)
BG Международна организация по миграция
CS Mezinárodní organizace pro migraci
DE Internationale Organisation für Migration
EL Διεθνής Οργανισμός Μετανάστευσης
EN International Organization for Migration (IOM)
ES Organización Internacional para las Migraciones
ET Rahvusvaheline Migratsiooniorganisatsioon
FI Kansainvälinen siirtolaisuusjärjestö
FR Organisation internationale pour les migrations (OIM)
GA an Eagraíocht Idirnáisiúnta um Imirce
HR Međunarodna organizacija za migracije (IOM)
HU Nemzetközi Migrációs Szervezet
IT Organizzazione Internazionale per le Migrazioni
Definition(s)
An intergovernmental organisation in the field
of migration dedicated to ensuring the orderly and
humane management of migration, to promote
international cooperation on migration issues, to assist in
the search for practical solutions to migration problems
and to provide humanitarian assistance to migrants in
need, be they refugees, displaced persons or other
uprooted people.
Source(s)
Website of the International Organisation of Migration
Synonym(s)
IOM
Related term(s)
LT Tarptautinė migracijos organizacija
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
(UNHCR)
LV Starptautiskā Migrācijas organizācija
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
MT Organizzazzjoni (L-) Internazzjonali għall-Migrazzjoni
NL Internationale Organisatie voor Migratie
1. Framework Concepts on Migration (including root
causes of migration
PL Międzynarodowa Organizacja do Spraw Migracji
Euro Voc Classification
PT Organização Internacional para as Migrações
RO Organizaţia Internaţională pentru Migraţie
SK Medzinárodná organizácia pre migráciu (IOM)
SL Mednarodna organizacija za migracije
SV International Organization for Migration /
Internationella organisationen för migration
2811 migration| 76 International Organisations
Note(s)
1. The agency was created in 1951.
2. It is one of the main inter-governmental organisations in the field of
migration and works closely with governmental, intergovernmental and
non-governmental partners.
3. For further information, see the website of IOM.
NO Den internasjonale migrasjonsorganisasjonen
KA მიგრაციის საერთაშორისო ორგანიზაცია (IOM)
UK Міжнародна організація з міграції (МОМ)
HY
338
Միգրացիայի միջազգային կազմակերպություն
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
international protection
BG международна закрила
CS mezinárodní ochrana
C
D
Definition(s)
ET rahvusvaheline kaitse
In the global context, the actions by the international
community on the basis of international law, aimed
at protecting the fundamental rights of a specific
category of persons outside their countries of origin,
who lack the national protection of their own countries.
In the EU context, protection that encompasses refugee
status and subsidiary protection status.
FI kansainvälinen suojelu
Source(s)
DE internationaler Schutz
EL διεθνής προστασία
EN international protection
ES protección (internacional)
HR međunarodna zaštita
Global context: Derived by EMN from UNHCR Master
Glossary of Terms
EU context: Derived by EMN from Art. 2(a) of Directive
2011/95/EC (Recast Qualification Directive)
HU nemzetközi védelem
Broader term(s)
FR protection internationale
GA cosaint idirnáisiúnta
IT protezione internazionale
LT tarptautinė apsauga (EU acquis); prieglobstis
LV starptautiskā aizsardzība
MT Protezzjoni internazzjonali
NL internationale bescherming
PL ochrona międzynarodowa
PT proteção internacional
RO protecţie internaţională
SK medzinárodná ochrana
SL mednarodna zaščita
SV internationellt skydd
NO internasjonal beskyttelse (b); internasjonalt vern (n)
KA საერთაშორისო დაცვა
UK міжнародний захист
HY
միջազգային պաշտպանություն
protection
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
Narrower term(s)
refugee status
subsidiary protection
L
Related term(s)
M
asylum
Geneva Refugee Convention and Protocol
humanitarian protection
temporary protection
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
(UNHCR)
N
O
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
P
Euro Voc Classification
Q
4.1 International protection
1011 European Union law| 2811 migration
R
Note(s)
1. An essential element of the common asylum policy of the European
Union and the Common European Asylum System (CEAS) is the
concept of international protection. It is based, on the one hand, on the
full and inclusive application of the Geneva Refugee Convention and
Protocol, thus ensuring that nobody is sent back to persecution, i.e.
maintaining the principle of non-refoulement, and on the other hand
complimented by subsidiary protection for those people not falling
under the scope of the Geneva Convention but nevertheless in need of
protection from threats to life, freedom or physical integrity arising from
armed conflict, serious public disorder, or different situations of violence.
2. The new form of subsidiary protection was introduced on the European
Council meeting, 15 and 16 October 1999 in Tampere as a reaction to the
Yugoslavian wars. For more information see the Presidency Conclusions.
3. Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive) as the cornerstone
of the CEAS sets out the criteria for applicants to qualify for refugee
status or subsidiary protection status and sets out the rights afforded to
persons who have been granted one of those statuses. They include the
right to a residence permit, travel document, access to employment, access to education, social welfare, healthcare, access to
accommodation, access to integration facilities, as well as specific
provisions for children and vulnerable persons. The directive allows EU
Member States to put in place or to keep more favourable standards than
those set out in its provisions.
4. The concept of international protection within the meaning of Directive
2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive) does not lead to the granting
of an ‘international protection status’ but either to refugee status or to
subsidiary protection status.
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
339
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
interpreter
BG устен преводач
CS tlumočník
DE Dolmetscher
EL διερμηνέας
EN interpreter
ES Intérprete
ET tõlk
FI tulkki
FR interprète
GA ateangaire
HR prevoditelj
HU tolmács
IT interprete
LT vertėjas
LV tulks
MT Interpretu
NL Tolk
PL tłumacz
PT intérprete
RO interpret
SK tlmočník
SL tolmač
SV tolk
NO tolk
KA თარჯიმანი
UK Перекладач
HY
340
թարգմանիչ
Definition(s)
In the migration context,a professional who is
expected to convert oral communication from a source
language (language/s of the country of origin of
a migrant) to a target language (language of the host
country) and vice versa to ensure appropriate
communication between migrants and staff of public
authorities in particular who do not speak the same
language.
Source(s)
Developed by EMN.
Related term(s)
cultural mediator
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
6.3.5 Interpretation Services
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration| 32 Education and Communications
Note(s)
1. The role of interpreters in asylum and migration procedures is expected
to provide accurate and complete message transfer into the target
language and vice versa preserving the content and intent of the source
message without omission or distortion.
2. Art. 15(c) of Directive 2013/13/EU (Recast Asylum Procedures
Directive) set standards for interpreters in international protection
procedures and requires to select an interpreter who is able to ensure
appropriate communication between the applicant and the person who
conducts the interview. The communication shall take place in the
language preferred by the applicant unless there is another language
which they understand and in which they are able to communicate clearly.
Wherever possible, EU Member States shall provide an interpreter of the
same sex if the applicant so requests, unless the determining authority
has reasons to believe that such a request is based on grounds which are
not related to difficulties on the part of the applicant to present the
grounds of their application in a comprehensive manner.
3. UNHCR has published guidelines for interpreters in asylum procedures,
see Handbook for Interpreters in Asylum Procedures, 2017.
4. Interpretation and cultural mediation are two facets of interpersonal
communication. The key difference between a (linguistic) interpreter and
a cultural mediator is that an interpreter passively conveys the
messages from one language to another and as accurately as possible,
whereas a cultural mediator focuses on the complex and at the same
time interdisciplinary character of communication by explaining the
meaning of behaviours, symbols and rituals from one culture to people
from another culture. Furthermore, interpretation is a registered profession
with all legal rights therefore a professional interpreter has to follow
certain standards and a code of conduct. For more information
see: Erasmus+and Train Intercultural Mediators for a Multicultural Europe:
Research report on intercultural mediation for immigrants in Europe, 2015.
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
intra-corporate transferee
BG вътрешнокорпоративен трансфер
C
D
Definition(s)
CS vnitropodnikově převáděný pracovník
DE unternehmensintern transferierter Arbeitnehmer (EU
acquis, AT, LU); innerbetrieblich versetzte Person (DE)
EL ενδοϋπηρεσιακώς µετατιθέµενος
EN intra-corporate transferee
ES trabajador transnacional
A third-country national subject to a temporary
secondment from an undertaking established outside
the territory of a EU Member State and to which the
third-country national is bound by a work contract to an
entity belonging to the undertaking or to the same group
of undertakings which is established inside this territory.
Source(s)
E
F
G
H
FR personne faisant l’objet d’un transfert temporaire
intragroupe
Derived from Arts. 3(b) and 3(c) of Directive 2014/66/
EU (Directive on the entry and residence of third-country
nationals in the framework of an intra-corporate
transfer)
GA aistrí ionchorparáideach
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
J
Euro Voc Classification
K
ET ettevõttesisene üleviimine
FI sisäisen siirron saanut työntekijä
3.1 Migration for Economic Purposes
HR osoba premještena unutar društva
HU vállalaton belül áthelyezett személy
2811 migration| 4406 employment
IT lavoratore straniero distaccato (persona trasferita
all’interno della stessa società in un altro paese)
L
Note(s)
LT bendrovės viduje perkeliamas asmuo (EU acquis);
įmonės viduje perkeltas užsienietis
LV uzņēmuma ietvaros pārcelts darbinieks / uzņēmuma
iekšienē nosūtīts darbinieks
MT Ħaddiem trasferit minn post għal ieħor tal‑istess
kumpanija / Trasferiment intra-korporattiv ta’
ħaddiem
I
The World Trade Organisation’s (WTO) General Agreement on Trade in
Services (GATS), liberalises trade in services, including the temporary
movement of natural persons as service suppliers. Mode 4 refers to the
presence of persons of one WTO member in the territory of another for
the purpose of providing a service. It does not concern persons seeking
access to the labour market in the host member, nor does it affect
measures regarding citizenship, residence or employment on a
permanent basis. For more information, see the website of the World
Trade Organization.
NL binnen een onderneming overgeplaatste persoon
M
N
O
P
PL pracownik przenoszony wewnątrz przedsiębiorstwa
Q
PT pessoas transferidas temporariamente pela empresa
RO transferat intra-corporaţie
R
SK pracovník presunutý v rámci spoločnosti
SL oseba, premeščena znotraj podjetja
SV företagsinternt förflyttad person
S
NO utstasjonert arbeidstaker (b); utstasjonert
arbeidstakar (n)
T
KA კორპორაციის ფარგლებში დასაქმებული პირი
U
UK Міжкорпоративно переведений працівник
HY
ներկորպորատիվ ցանցում փոխադրվող
աշխատակից
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
341
intra-EU mobility
BG движение в рамките на ЕС
CS mobilita v rámci EU
Definition(s)
EL κινητικότητα στο εσωτερικό της ΕΕ/ ενδοκοινοτική
κινητικότητα
Action of persons (EU nationals or legally resident thirdcountry nationals) undertaking their right to free
movement by moving from one EU Member State to
another.
EN intra-EU mobility
Source(s)
DE EU-Binnenmobilität; EU-Freizügigkeit
ES movilidad intracomunitaria
ET Euroopa Liidu sisene liikuvus
FI EU:n sisäinen liikkuvuus
Derived by EMN from the definition of ‘right to free
movement’ in the EMN Glossary
Synonym(s)
IT mobilità intra-UE
EU mobility
free movement
intra EU / EFTA-mobility
Inter-EU migration
Intra-EU migration
third-country national mobility
LT judumas ES viduje
Broader term(s)
FR mobilité intra-UE
GA gluaisteacht san AE
HR mobilnost unutar EU-a
HU EU-n belüli mobilitás
LV ES iekšējā mobilitāte
right to free movement
MT Intramobbiltà fl-UE
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
NL mobiliteit binnen de EU
3. Legal Migration
PL mobilność wewnątrzunijna
Euro Voc Classification
PT mobilidade intra-UE
RO mobilitate intra UE
SK mobilita v rámci Európskej únie / mobilita v rámci EÚ
SL mobilnost znotraj EU
SV EU-intern rörlighet
NO mobilitet mellom EUs medlemsland
KA მობილობა ევროკავშირის ფარგლებში
UK мобільність у межах ЄС
HY
342
1011 European Union law| 2811 migration
Note(s)
1. Free movement / intra-EU mobility is available under two different
schemes. The first scheme is a very open one and applicable to EU
citizens who benefit from full freedom of movement. The second scheme
concerns migrant workers. Rules applicable here are less generous and
limited to specific categories of third-country nationals, i.e. long-term
residents, highly skilled workers, researchers and students.
2. Through separate agreements between the EU and IS, LI, NO and CH,
the same rights to free movement apply to their citizens and their
territories.
ԵՄ ներքին շարժունակություն
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
343
irregular entry
BG незаконно влизане
CS neoprávněný vstup na území
Definition(s)
ET ebaseaduslik (riiki) sisenemine
In the global context, crossing borders without
complying with the necessary requirements for legal
entry into the receiving State.
In the Schengen context, the entry of a third-country
national into a Schengen Member State who does
not satisfy Art. 5 of the Regulation (EU) 2016/399
(Schengen Borders Code) .
FI säännösten vastainen maahantulo
Source(s)
DE irreguläre Einreise
EL παράτυπη είσοδος
EN irregular entry
ES entrada irregular
HU irreguláris belépés
Global context: Definition for ‘illegal entry’ in Art. 3(b) of
the Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land,
Sea and Air, Supplementing the UN Convention against
Transnational Organized Crime
Schengen context: Developed by EMN
IT ingresso irregolare
Synonym(s)
FR entrée irrégulière
GA iontráil aimhrialta
HR nezakoniti ulazak
LV nelikumīga ieceļošana
illegal entry
unauthorised crossing of the external EU border
MT Dħul irregolari
Broader term(s)
LT neteisėtas atvykimas
NL illegale binnenkomst / onregelmatige of irreguliere
binnenkomst
irregular migration
PL nieregularny wjazd
SK nelegálny vstup / neoprávnený vstup
border control
external EU border
internal EU border
legal entry
Schengen Borders Code
SL nedovoljeni vstop / nezakoniti vstop
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
PT entrada irregular
RO intrare neregulamentară / intrare ilegală / trecere
neautorizată a frontierei
Related term(s)
SV olaglig inresa
13. Irregular Migration
NO irregulær innreise
Euro Voc Classification
KA კანონიერი საფუძვლის გარეშე შესვლა
2811 migration
UK нелегальний в’їзд
HY
344
անկանոն մուտք
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
C
D
Note(s)
E
1. The European Commission favours nowadays the term ‘irregular entry’
instead of ‘illegal entry’.
2. Art. 5 of the Regulation (EU) 2016/399 (Schengen Borders Code) states
that for stays not exceeding three months per six-month period, the entry
conditions for third-country nationals shall be the following:
a) they are in possession of a valid travel document or documents
authorising them to cross the border;
b) they are in possession of a valid visa, if required pursuant to Council
Regulation (EC) No 539/2001 (Visa Regulation) listing the third
countries whose nationals must be in possession of visas when crossing
the external borders and those whose nationals are exempt from that
requirement (17), except where they hold a valid residence permit;
c) they justify the purpose and conditions of the intended stay, and they
have sufficient means of subsistence, both for the duration of the
intended stay and for the return to their country of origin or transit to a
third country into which they are certain to be admitted, or are in a
position to acquire such means lawfully;
d) they are not persons for whom an alert has been issued in the SIS for
the purposes of refusing entry;
e) they are not considered to be a threat to public policy, internal security,
public health or the international relations of any of the EU Member
States, in particular where no alert has been issued in EU Member States’
national data bases for the purpo
3. Art. 2(1) of the Proposal for a Regulation introducing a screening of
third country nationals at the external borders, COM(2020) 612 final uses
the term ‘unauthorized crossing of the external EU border’ with the
follwoing definition: Crossing of the external EU border by land, sea or air,
at places other than border crossing points or at times other than the fixed
opening hours, as referred to in Art. 5(3) of Regulation (EU) 2016/399
(Schengen Borders Code).
4. For more information, see Regulation (EU) 2016/399 (Schengen Borders
Code)
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
345
irregular migrant
BG незаконен мигрант
CS neregulérní migrant
DE irregulärer Migrant
EL παράτυπος μετανάστης
EN irregular migrant
ES inmigrante en situación irregular
ET ebaseaduslikult riigis viibiv isik
FI säännösten vastaisesti maassa oleskeleva henkilö
FR migrant en séjour irrégulier
GA imirceach neamhrialta
Definition(s)
In the global context, a person who, owing to irregular
entry, breach of a condition of entry or the expiry of
their legal basis for entering and residing, lacks legal
status in a transit or host country.
In the EU context, a third-country national present on
the territory of a Schengen State who does not fulfil, or
no longer fulfils, the conditions of entry as set out in the
Regulation (EU) 2016/399 (Schengen Borders Code) , or
other conditions for entry.
Source(s)
IT migrante irregolare
Global context: Developed by EMN
EU context: Derived by EMN from the definition of
‘illegal stay’ in Art. 3 of Directive 2008/115/EC (Return
Directive)
LT neteisėtas migrantas
Synonym(s)
HR nezakoniti migrant
HU irreguláris migráns
LV neatbilstīgs migrants (EU acquis); nelikumīgs
migrants (national)
MT migrant irregolari
NL illegaal verblijvende migrant / onregelmatig of
irregulier verblijvende migrant
PL migrant nieregularny
PT imigrante irregular
clandestine migrant
illegal migrant
insufficiently documented migrant
migrant in an irregular siuation
migrant with irregular status
unauthorised migrant
undocumented migrant
RO migrant în situație neregulamentară / migrant aflat în
situație ilegală
Broader term(s)
SK neregulárny migrant / nelegálny migrant / migrant
bez platného povolenia na pobyt / migrant bez
oprávnenia na pobyt
Narrower term(s)
SL nezakoniti migrant / migrant z neurejenim statusom
SV irreguljär migrant
NO irregulær migrant
KA კანონიერი საფუძვლის გარეშე მყოფი
მიგრანტი
UK нерегулярний мігрант
HY
346
անկանոն կարգավիճակով միգրանտ
migrant
third-country national found to be illegally present
Related term(s)
apprehension
irregular migration
overstayer)
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
13. Irregular Migration
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
C
D
Note(s)
E
1. The International Organization for Migration (IOM) defines the
term ‘ migrant in an irregular situation’ as follows: A person who moves or
has moved across an international border and is not authorized to enter or
to stay in a State pursuant to the law of that State and to international
agreements to which that State is a party.
2. The term ‘irregular’ is preferable to ‘illegal’ migrant because the latter
carries a criminal connotation, entering a country in an irregular manner, or
staying with an irregular status, is not a criminal offence but an infraction
of administrative regulations. Apart from this, juridically and ethically, an
act can be legal or illegal but a person cannot. Thus more and more the
term ‘migrant in an irregular situation’ or ‘migrant with irregular status’ is
preferred.
3. The European Commission has used the term ‘third-country national
found to be illegally present’ or ‘illegally resident/staying third-country
national’ in legislation.’Third-country national found to be illegally present’
is defined in Art. 2(r) of Regulation (EC) No 862/2007 (Migration Statistics
Regulation) and ‘illegally staying third-country national’ in Art. 2(b) of
Directive 2009/52/EC (Employer Sanctions Directive) or in Regulation (EU)
2018/1860 on the use of the Schengen Information System for the return
of illegally staying third-country nationals.
4. The Council of Europe differentiates between illegal migration and
irregular migrant. Referring to Resolution 1509 (2006) of the Council of
Europe Parliamentary Assembly , ‘illegal’ is preferred when referring to a
status or process, whereas ‘irregular’ is preferred when referring to a
person.
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
347
irregular migration
BG незаконна миграция
CS neregulérní migrace
DE irreguläre Migration
EL παράτυπη μετανάστευση
EN irregular migration
ES inmigración irregular
ET ebaseaduslik ränne
FI säännösten vastainen maahanmuutto
FR migration irrégulière
GA Imirce neamhrialta
HR nezakonite migracije
HU irreguláris migráció
IT migrazione irregolare
LT neteisėta / nereguliari migracija
LV neatbilstīga migrācija (EU acquis); nelikumīga
migrācija
MT Migrazzjoni irregolari
NL illegale migratie / irreguliere migratie
PL migracja nieregularna
PT migração irregula
RO migrație neregulamentară / migraţie ilegală
SK neregulárna migrácia / nelegálna migrácia
SL nedovoljene migracije
Definition(s)
Movement of persons to a new place of residence or
transit that takes place outside the regulatory norms of
the sending, transit and receiving countries.
Source(s)
Derived by EMN from IOM Glossary on Migration, 2019.
Synonym(s)
illegal migration
undocumented migration
illegal immigration
unauthorised migration
clandestine migration
Broader term(s)
migration
Narrower term(s)
irregular entry
irregular stay
secondary movement of migrants
Related term(s)
irregular migrant
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
13. Irregular Migration
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration
SV irreguljär migration
NO irregulær migrasjon
KA კანონიერი საფუძვლის გარეშე მიგრაცია
UK нерегулярна міграція
HY
348
անկանոն միգրացիա
Note(s)
1.There is no universally accepted definition of irregular migration. From
the perspective of destination countries it is entry, stay or work in a
country without the necessary authorisation or documents required under
immigration regulations. From the perspective of the sending country, the
irregularity is, for example, seen in cases in which a person crosses an
international boundary without a valid passport or travel document or
does not fulfil the administrative requirements for leaving the country.
There is, however, a tendency to restrict the use of the term to cases
of smuggling of migrants and trafficking in human beings.
2. Defining irregular migration has been the subject of considerable
debate. Terms such as illegal, undocumented, non-documented, and
unauthorised migration can have different connotations in national policy
debates. Due to this and the assocation with criminality the term ‘illegal
migration” should be avoided, as most irregular migrants are not
criminals. Being in a country without the required papers is, in most
countries, not a criminal offence but an administrative infringement.
3. While the UN use the term ‘irregular’ or ‘undocumented’ migration, the
European Commission favoured for a long time the term ‘illegal
immigration’, but more recently refers to ‘irregular migration’ as well.
4. The Council of Europe differentiates between illegal migration and irregular migrant. Referring to Resolution 1509 (2006) of the Council of Europe
Parliamentary Assembly, ‘illegal’ is preferred when referring to a status or
process, whereas ‘irregular’ is preferred when referring to a person.
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
Irregular Migration
Management Application (IRMA)
BG приложение за управление на незаконната
миграция
A
B
C
D
Definition(s)
A restricted and secure information exchange
platform developed by the European Commission
which connects EU Member and Schengen States, the
European Commission, the European Border and
Coast Guard Agency (Frontex) and the relevant EU
funded programmes at operational, practitioner level
and which facilitates the planning, organisation and
implementation of return and readmission activities
with the objective of making return procedures more
effective.
CS Systém pro správu dat o nelegální migraci
DE Anwendung für die Steuerung der irregulären
Migration
EL Εφαρμογή για τη Διαχείριση της Παράτυπης
Μετανάστευσης (IRMA)
EN Irregular Migration Management Application (IRMA)
ES Aplicación para la gestión de la migración irregular
ET Ebaseadusliku rände haldamise rakendus
Source(s)
FI Palauttamistoimien hallinnointia koskeva
tietojenvaihtosovellus (IRMA)
HU Irreguláris migráció-kezelési alkalmazás
Derived by EMN from European Commission:
Communication on a more effective return policy in the
European Union - A renewed action plan, COM (2017)
200 final and
European Commission: Progress report on the European
Agenda on Migration COM (2017) 669 final and
Technical guidelines for return operational data
collection
IT Applicazione di gestione integrata dei rimpatri
Synonym(s)
FR Application de gestion de la migration irrégulière
GA Feidhmchlár Bainistíochta Comhtháite maidir le
Filleadh
HR Aplikacija za upravljanje nezakonitim migracijama
(IRMA)
LT Neteisėtos migracijos valdymo programa
IRMA
LV Neatbilstīgas migrācijas pārvaldības lietotne
MT Applikazzjoni ta’ Ġestjoni Integrata għall-Migrazzjoni
Irregolari
NL EU-toepassing voor geïntegreerd terugkeerbeheer
PL Aplikacja Zarządzania Migracjami Nieuregulowanymi
PT Aplicação de Gestão de Migração Irregular
RO Aplicație de gestionare a migrației ilegale
SL Aplikacija za upravljanje nedovoljenih migracij
(IRMA)
UK Застосунок для управління нерегулярною
міграцією (IRMA)
HY
Անկանոն միգրացիայի կառավարման հավելված
H
I
J
K
L
M
O
Related term(s)
P
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
Q
Euro Voc Classification
R
return operation
S
SV Applikation för hantering av irreguljär migration
Note(s)
KA არალეგალური მიგრაციის მართვის პროგრამა
G
readmission
return
2811 migration
NO Irregular Migration Management Application (no
usual translation)
F
N
Broader term(s)
13. Irregular Migration
SK Aplikácia pre integrované riadenie návratov (IRMA)
E
1. Irma was implemented on 1 September 2017 under the name ‘Return
Management Application’ which was later changed to ‘Irregular Migration
Management Application’, the acronym ‘IRMA’ remains the same.
2. IRMA contains information on best practices and guidelines per third
country, legislation, return programmes, operational data on return
operations and statistics.
3. IRMA aims at building synergies and enabling work in a mutually
reinforcing way. It also allows Frontex to assume a more pro-active role in
planning joint return operations.
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
349
irregular stay
BG незаконно пребиваване
CS neoprávněný pobyt
DE irregulärer Aufenthalt
EL παράτυπη διαμονή
EN irregular stay
ES estancia irregular
Definition(s)
The presence on the territory of an EU Member State
of a third-country national who does not fulfil, or no
longer fulfils the conditions of entry as set out in Art.
5 of the Regulation (EU) 2016/399 (Schengen Borders
Code) or other conditions for entry, stay or residence in
that EU Member State.
ET ebaseaduslik riigis viibimine / seadusliku aluseta riigis
viibimine
Source(s)
FI säännösten vastainen maassa oleskelu
Synonym(s)
FR séjour irrégulier
GA cuairt aimhrialta
HR nezakoniti boravak
HU szabálytalan tartózkodás
IT soggiorno irregolare
Art. 3 (2) of Directive 2008/115/EC (Return Directive)
illegal stay
Broader term(s)
irregular migration
Related term(s)
LV nelikumīga uzturēšanās
irregular entry
overstayer)
third-country national found to be illegally present
MT Qagħda / Waqfa / Żjara irregolari
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
LT neteisėtas buvimas
NL illegaal verblijf / onregelmatig of irregulier verblijf
13. Irregular Migration
PL nieregularny pobyt
Euro Voc Classification
PT permanência irregular
2811 migration
RO ședere neregulamentară / ședere ilegală / ședere
neautoriz
Note(s)
SK neoprávnený pobyt / neregulárny pobyt / nelegálny
pobyt
The European Commission favours nowadays the term ‘irregular stay’
instead of ‘illegal stay’ which was the term used in the Directive
2008/115/EU (Return Directive) .
SL nedovoljeno prebivanje / nezakonito prebivanje
SV olaglig vistelse
NO irregulært opphold (b); irregulært opphald (n)
KA კანონიერი საფუძვლის გარეშე ყოფნა
UK нелегальне перебування
HY
350
անկանոն կեցություն
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
ius sanguinis
BG no translation
CS ius sanguinis / právo krve
C
D
Definition(s)
ES ius sanguinis
The determination of a person’s nationality on the basis
of the nationality of their parents (or one parent or one
particular parent) at the time of the target person’s
birth and at the time of acquisition of nationality by the
target person (the two points in time are different in
cases of acquisition after birth).
ET vereõigus
Source(s)
DE Abstammungsprinzip / Ius sanguinis
EL δίκαιο του αίματος / ius sanguinis
EN ius sanguinis
FI periytymisperiaate
FR droit du sang
GA ius sanguinis
HR ius sanguinis/načelo krvne veze
HU ius sanguinis (vér szerinti leszármazás elve)
IT ius sanguinis
LT kraujo teisė
LV Ius sanguinis
MT Ius sanguinis
NL ius sanguinis / jus sanguinis / afstammingsbeginsel
PL prawo krwi
PT ius sanguinis
RO ius sanguinis / legea sângelui
SK právo krvi / ius sanguinis
Global Citizenship Observatory (GLOBALCIT): Glossary on
Citizenship and Electoral Rights
Synonym(s)
jus sanguinis
ius sanguinis
F
G
H
I
J
Related term(s)
K
acquisition of citizenship
ius soli
L
Euro Voc Classification
1231 international law
M
Note(s)
This definition uses the term in a broad way that covers not only
automatic acquisition at birth, but also non-automatic acquisition at birth
and after birth. Ius sanguinis generally applies to legal parenthood (in
cases where legal parenthood differs from biological parenthood).
SL ius sanguinis
N
O
P
SV jus sanguinis / härstamningsprincipen
NO jus sanguinis / nedstammingsprinsippet
Q
KA იუს სანგვინის (ius sanguinis/„სისხლის
პრინციპი“)
R
UK ius sanguinis (право крові)
HY
E
S
արյան իրավունք (ius sanguinis)
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
351
ius soli
BG no translation
CS ius soli / právo půdy
Definition(s)
DE Territorialprinzip / Ius soli / Geburtsortprinzip
The principle that the nationality of a person is
determined on the basis of their country of birth.
EL δίκαιο του εδάφους / ius soli
Source(s)
EN ius soli
ES ius soli
ET sünnikohaõigus
FI syntymäperiaate
FR droit du sol
GA ius soli
HR ius soli
HU ius soli (területi elv)
IT ius soli
LT žemės teisė
LV Ius soli
MT Ius soli
Global Citizenship Observatory (GLOBALCIT): Glossary on
Citizenship and Electoral Rights
Synonym(s)
jus soli
Related term(s)
acquisition of citizenship
ius sanguinis
Euro Voc Classification
1231 international law
Note(s)
This definition uses the term in a broad way that covers not only
automatic acquisition at birth but also non-automatic acquisition at birth
and after birth.
NL ius soli / jus soli / territorialiteitsbeginsel
PL prawo ziemi
PT ius soli
RO ius soli / legea locului
SK právo zeme / ius soli
SL ius soli / načelo teritorialnosti
SV jus soli / territorialprincipen
NO jus soli / territorialprinsippet
KA იუს სოლი (ius soli/„მიწის პრინციპი“)
UK ius soli / право ґрунту
HY
352
հողի իրավունք (ius soli)
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
Joint Valletta Action Plan (JVAP)
BG Съвместен план за действие от Валета
CS Společný valletský akční plán
DE Gemeinsamer Aktionsplan von Valetta
EL Κοινό Σχέδιο Δράσης της Βαλέτα
EN Joint Valletta Action Plan (JVAP)
ES Plan de Acción Conjunto de La Valeta
ET Valletta ühine tegevuskava
C
D
Definition(s)
A set of political and operational measures to enhance
cooperation between African and European countries
with the aim to provide a framework for humane and
sustainable management of migration on both sides of
the Mediterranean.
Source(s)
FI Vallettan yhteinen toimintasuunnitelma
Joint Valetta Action Plan on the Website of ICMPD and
Valetta Summit, 11-12 November 2015, Action Plan.
FR Plan d’Action Conjoint de la Valette (PACV)
Synonym(s)
GA Plean comhpháirteach gníomhaíochta Vaileite
HU Közös Vallettai Cselekvési terv
JVAP
Valetta Joint Action Plan
Valetta Summit Action Plan
IT Piano di azione congiunto della Valletta
Related term(s)
HR Zajednički akcijski plan iz Vallette
LT Bendras Valetos veiksmų planas
LV Apvienotais Valletas rīcības plāns
MT Pjan (Il-) t’ Azzjoni Konġunta ta’ Valletta (PAKV)
NL Gezamenlijk actieplan van Valletta
PL Wspólny Plan Działania z Valetty
PT Plano de ação conjunta de Valeta (PACV)
RO Planul de acțiune de la Valletta
SK spoločný akčný plán z Valletty (JVAP)
SL Skupni akcijski načrt iz Vallette
SV handlingsplanen från Valletta / den gemensamma
handlingsplanen från Valletta
NO Felles handlingsplan for Valletta-samarbeidet
KA ვალეტის ერთობლივი სამოქმედო გეგმა
UK Спільний Валлетський план дій
HY
Վալետայի միացյալ գործողությունների ծրագիր
E
F
G
H
I
J
Rabat Process
Khartoum Process
European Union Emergency Trust Fund for Africa (EUTF
for Africa)
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
15.1 EU External dimension of migration and mobility
K
L
M
N
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration
O
Note(s)
P
1. The Joint Valletta Action Plan which is also known as Valetta Summit
Action Plan was adopted at the Valletta Summit on 11-12 November
2015 which marked the beginning of an intensified partnership between
Africa and the European Union in regard to migration management. The
Action Plan is drawing on the recommendations of the Rabat
Process and the Khartoum Process and provides a set of political and
operational measures.
2. The five priority domains of the JVAP are:
development benefits of migration and addressing root causes
of irregular migration and forced displacement;
legal migration and mobility;
protection and asylum;
prevention of and fight against irregular migration, smuggling of
migrants and trafficking in human beings;
return, readmission and reintegration.
3. In order to support the most fragile and affected African countries in
implementing the JVAP, a financial instrument was launched at the
Summit: the European Union Emergency Trust Fund for Africa
(EUTF).
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
353
Khartoum Process
BG процес от Хартум
CS Chartúmský proces
DE Khartum-Prozess
EL Διαδικασία του Χαρτούμ
EN Khartoum Process
ES Proceso de Jartum
ET Hartumi protsess
FI Khartumin prosessi
FR Processus de Khartoum
GA Próiseas Chartúm
HR Khartoumski proces
HU Kartúm Folyamat
IT Processo di Khartoum
LT Chartumo procesas
LV Hartūmas process
MT Proċess (Il-) ta’ Kartum
NL Khartoem-proces / Proces van Khartoem
PL Proces chartumski
PT Processo de Cartum
RO Procesul de la Khartoum
SK Chartúmsky proces
SL Kartumski proces
SV Khartoumprocessen
NO Khartoumprosessen
KA ხარტუმის პროცესი
UK Хартумський процес
HY
354
Քարտումի գործընթաց
Definition(s)
A platform for political cooperation amongst the
countries along the migration route between
the Horn of Africa and Europe with a
focus on combating trafficking in human
beings and smuggling of migrants.
Source(s)
Website of the Khartoum Process
Synonym(s)
EU-Horn of Africa-Migration Route Initiative
Related term(s)
European Union Emergency Trust Fund for Africa (EUTF
for Africa)
Rabat Process
regional development and protection programme (RDPP)
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
15.1 EU External dimension of migration and mobility
Euro Voc Classification
04 Politics| 2811 migration
Note(s)
1. The Platform is also known as the EU-Horn of Africa Migration Route
Initiative. The initiative was officially launched at the Rome Ministerial
Conference on 28 November 2014 with the adoption of the Rome
Declaration. Starting in 2012, the engagement of Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia
and Sudan as core countries, affected by human trafficking incidents laid
the groundwork for the establishment of the Khartoum Process in 2014.
2. The inter-continental consultation framework aims at:
establishing a continuous dialogue for enhanced cooperation
on migration and mobility;
identifying and implementing concrete projects to address human
trafficking and the smuggling of migrants;
giving a new impetus to the regional collaboration between countries
of origin, transit and destination regarding the migration
route between the Horn of Africa and Europe.
3. Projects contributing to the development of national and regional
strategies on migration management under the Khartoum as well as
the Rabat Process are partly funded by the European Union
Emergency Trust Fund for Africa (EUTF for Africa).
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
355
labour market integration
BG интегриране на пазара на труда
CS integrace na pracovní trh
DE Arbeitsmarktintegration / Eingliederung in den
Arbeitsmarkt
EL ένταξη στην αγορά εργασίας / εργασιακή ένταξη
EN labour market integration
Definition(s)
The extent to which migrants will achieve the same
range of labour market participation as nationals of
receiving countries by using their skills and realising their
economic potential.
Source(s)
GA imeascadh i margadh an tsaothair
Derived by EMN from DG Migration and Home Affairs
Website: Legal migration and integration and
Towards a framework for fair and effective integration of
migrants into the labour market, OECD, WorldBank, ILO,
IMF, 19. -21. December 2016 and
OECD and EU: Settling in 2018: Indicators of Immigrant
Integration, 9 December 2018
HR integracija na tržište rada
Synonym(s)
ES Integración en el mercado de trabajo
ET tööturule lõimimine/integreerimine
FI työmarkkinoille integroituminen / työmarkkinoille
sijoittuminen
FR intégration sur le marché du travail
HU munkaerő-piaci integráció
IT integrazione lavorativa
LT integracija į darbo rinką
LV integrācija darba tirgū
MT integrazzjoni fis-suq tax-xogħol
NL Arbeidsmarktintegratie
PL integracja na rynku pracy
PT integração no mercado de trabalho
RO integrare pe piața muncii / integrare pe piața forței de
muncă
immigrant labour market integration
integration of migrants into the labour market
Broader term(s)
integration
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
3.1 Migration for Economic Purposes| 8.2 Access to
employment
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration| 4411 labour market
SK integrácia na trh(u) práce
SL vključevanje na trg dela
SV arbetsmarknadsintegration
NO arbeidsmarkedsintegrering
KA ინტეგრაცია შრომის ბაზარზე
UK інтеграція до ринку праці
HY
356
ինտեգրում աշխատաշուկային
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
C
D
Note(s)
E
1. Even though there are many studies dealing with challenges and
obstacles to successful labour market integration, there is no universally
accepted definition of labour market integration at international or
European level.
2. The labour market integration of migrants is measured by monitoring
gaps and differences in labour market participation between nationals
and non-nationals in terms of employment rate, unemployment rate,
labour force activity rate, wage convergence, levels of self-employment,
working conditions and types of contracts. Explaining labour market
integration outcomes and processes require a multidimensional analysis,
taking into account both individual and structural characteristics. At the
individual level, explanatory factors include the person’s qualifications,
educational attainment, language proficiency, skills level; at the structural
level, explanatory factors include the segmentation of occupational
structures, mismatches between supply and demand, policies and
institutional ar-rangements (e.g. for the recognition of skills and of foreign
educational titles), levels of ethnic stratification, the presence of
discrimination and of ethnic penalties.
3. The labour force activity rate is calculated as the proportion of working
age adults in the population who are in the labour force, which consists of
the number of people employed and unemployed. For more information
see: ESRI: Monitoring Report on Integration, Chapter 2, Employment and
Integration, 2018.
4. Although integration policy falls within the national competence of EU
Member States, European institutions have - arising from the Treaty of
Lisbon - a mandate to support EU Member States to promote
the integration of third-country nationals. The European Commission
noted in their Action Plan on the integration of third-country nationals in
2016, that employment is key to ensure their effective integration into
the host societies and their positive impact on the EU economy. The EU
acquis is already regulating areas closely related to the promotion of
labour market integration of third-country nationals. EU legislation
includes provisions on equal access to the labour market, such as Art.
11(1)a of Council Directive 2003/109/EC (Long-term Residents
Directive) or Art. 12 of Directive 2011/98/EU (Single Permit Directive) which provides for equal treatment with regard to working conditions,
including pay and dismissal as well as health and safety at the workplace.
5. The EMN Study ‘Labour Market Integration of Third-Country Nationals in
EU Member States 2019’ gives a comprehensive overview of different
labour market integration policies in place in EU Member States with a
focus on first generation third-country nationals, outlines the most
common obstacles to labour market integration and presents best
practices. For further information see the synthesis report of this study
available on the EMN website.
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
357
labour market test
BG тест на пазара на труда
CS test trhu práce
Definition(s)
ES Catálogo de ocupaciones de difícil cobertura
Mechanism that aims to ensure that migrant
workers are only admitted after employers have
unsuccessfully searched for national workers, EU citizens
(in EU Member States this also means EEA workers) or
legally residing third-country nationals with access to
the labour market according to national legislation.
ET tööturu test
Source(s)
DE Arbeitsmarkttest
EL έλεγχος της αγοράς εργασίας
EN labour market test
FI työvoiman saatavuusharkinta
FR examen du marché du travail / examen du marché de
l’emploi; opposabilité de la situation de l’emploi (FR);
test du marché (de l’emploi) (LU)
GA tástáil sa mhargadh fostaíochta
HR test tržišta rada
Derived by EMN from Oxford Migration Observatory
response to Call for Evidence
Synonym(s)
LMT
Broader term(s)
HU munkaerő-piaci felmérés
labour migration
union preference
IT analisi del mercato del lavoro
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
LT darbo rinkos testas
LV darba tirgus tests
MT Test dwar is-suq tax-xogħol
NL arbeidsmarkttoets
PL test rynku pracy
PT contingente global de oportunidades de emprego
RO testarea pieţei forţei de muncă
SK skúmanie situácie na trhu práce
SL preizkus trga dela
SV arbetsmarknadsprövning
NO arbeidsmarkedsvurdering (b);
arbeidsmarknadsvurdering (n)
3.1 Migration for Economic Purposes| 8.2 Access to
employment
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration| 4411 labour market
Note(s)
1. The labour market test (LMT) is implemented and applied widely in
most EU Member States. Where the LMT is applied, some categories of
workers can be exempt, reflecting the specific national situations and
priorities.
2. EU Member States apply different methodologies in undertaking LMTs.
In general, a considerable role is left to employers and public employment
services. Duration of the verification process varies among EU Member
States.
3. For further information, see EMN: Satisfying labour demand through
migration, June 2011 .
KA შრომის ბაზრის ტესტი
UK аналіз ринку праці
HY
358
աշխատաշուկայի քննություն (թեստ)
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
labour matching
C
BG срещане на търсенето и предлагането на работна
сила
CS párování nabídky s poptávkou na pracovním trhu
DE Ausrichtung des Profils der Arbeitskräfte auf die
Arbeitsmarkterfordernisse
EL αντιστοίχιση του εργατικού δυναµικού με την
αναγνώριση δεξιοτήτων
EN labour matching
ES Adecuación de la oferta y la demanda en el Mercado
Laboral
D
Definition(s)
The process by which the skills and qualifications of a
worker is compared with the requirements of a particular
job vacancy, to establish whether they match wholly or
partly.
E
Source(s)
G
Derived by EMN on the basis of information on
the Website of the World Association of Public
Employment Services
F
H
Synonym(s)
I
ET tööturuvajadused
skill matching
FI työvoiman kysynnän ja tarjonnan kohtaanto
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
J
Euro Voc Classification
K
8.2 Access to employment
FR rapprochement de l’offre et de la demande de
main-d’œuvre; adéquation entre le profil du
travailleur et les caractéristiques du poste (FR)
2811 migration| 4411 labour market
GA comhoiriúnú saothair
HR povezivanje vještina i kvalifikacija radnika s
potrebama na tržištu rada
L
Note(s)
There is no recognised international definition of the term, although it is
frequently used by employment agencies (public and private) as well as
by economic and labour market research and policy discussions.
HU munkaerő-piac keresleti és kínálati oldalának
összehangolása
M
N
IT incontro fra domanda e offerta di lavoro
LT atitiktis darbo rinkos poreikiams
O
LV darbaspēka atbilstības izvērtēšana
MT Tlaqqigħ tal-impiegi mal-profil tal-ħaddiema
P
NL afstemming van arbeidsvraag en -aanbod
PL dopasowanie kwalifikacji i umiejętności pracownika
do wymogów konkretnej oferty pracy
Q
PT adequação entre oferta e procura de trabalho /
adequação entre o perfil do trabalhador e as
caraterísticas do posto de trabalho
R
S
RO concordanță a forței de muncă
SK umiestňovanie pracovných síl
T
SL usklajevanje ponudbe in povpraševanja na trgu dela
SV arbetskraftsmatchning
U
NO kobling av arbeidssøker til arbeidstilbud (b); kopling
av arbeidssøkjar til arbeidstilbod (n)
V
KA სამუშაო ძალის შესაბამისობა
UK відповідність кваліфікації працівника вимогам
роботи
W
HY
X
աշխատուժի համապատասխանություն
հմտությունների ճանաչմամբ
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
359
labour migration
BG трудова миграция
CS pracovní migrace
DE Arbeitsmigration
EL οικονομική μετανάστευση / μετανάστευση για εργασία
EN labour migration
ES migración laboral
ET tööränne
FI työperusteinen maahanmuutto
FR migration de travail / migration de la main d’œuvre /
migration professionnelle
GA imirce lucht oibre
HR radne migracije
HU munkavállalási célú migráció
IT migrazione per motivi di lavoro
LT darbo migracija
LV darbaspēka migrācija
MT Migrazzjoni għal raġunijiet ta’ xogħol
NL arbeidsmigratie
PL migracja pracownicza
PT migração laboral
RO migrație a forței de muncă / migraţie în scop de
muncă
Definition(s)
Movement of persons from one state to another, or
within their own country of residence, for the purpose
of employment.
Source(s)
IOM Glossary on Migration, 2019.
Broader term(s)
economic migration
Narrower term(s)
immigration quota
labour market test
Related term(s)
migrant worker
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
3.1 Migration for Economic Purposes
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration| 4406 employment
Note(s)
Labour migration is addressed by most States in their migration laws. In
addition, some States take an active role in regulating outward labour
migration and seeking opportunities for their nationals abroad.
SK pracovná migrácia
SL delovne migracije
SV arbetskraftsmigration
NO arbeidsmigrasjon
KA შრომითი მიგრაცია
UK трудова міграція
HY
360
աշխատանքային միգրացիա
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
labour shortage
BG недостиг на работна сила
CS nedostatek pracovních sil
C
D
Definition(s)
ES escacez de la mano de obra
Shortage of labour of a particular type in a particular
labour market which may be said to exist when the
number of vacancies has been (or is expected to be)
above a level considered to represent ‘normal’ turnover
at the prevailing wages and working conditions for an
extended period.
ET tööjõupuudus
Source(s)
DE Arbeitskräftemangel
EL έλλειψη εργατικού δυναμικού
EN labour shortage
FI työvoimapula
FR pénurie de main d’œuvre
GA ganntanas lucht saothair
HR nedostatak radne snage
HU munkaerőhiány
IT carenza di forza lavoro
LT darbo jėgos trūkumas
LV darbaspēka trūkums
MT nuqqas ta’ ħaddiema
NL tekort aan arbeidskrachten
PL niedobór siły roboczej
PT falta de mão-de-obra
RO deficit de forță de muncă
SK nedostatok pracovnej sily / nedostatková profesia
F
G
Derived by EMN from sources quoted in ‘Collecting
statistics on imbalances in the demand for labour’,
Statistical Journal of the United Nations ECE,16 (1999).
p. 105 - 121.
H
Narrower term(s)
J
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
K
skills shortage
14.2 Economic factors and impacts (such as brain drain/
gain, employment/ unemployment, labour market,
economic growth, dumping)
Euro Voc Classification
I
L
M
44 Employment and Working Conditions
N
Note(s)
There is no recognised international definition of the term, although it is
frequently used by employment agencies (public and private) as well as
by economic and labour market research and policy discussions.
SL pomanjkanje delavcev / pomanjkanje delovne sile
O
P
SV arbetskraftsbrist
NO mangel på arbeidskraft
Q
KA სამუშაო ძალის ნაკლებობა
R
UK нестача робочої сили
HY
E
աշխատուժի պակաս
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
361
language analysis for the
determination of origin (LADO)
BG езиков анализ за определяне на произхода
CS analýza jazyka pro určení původu
DE Sprachanalyse zur Bestimmung der Herkunft
EL Ανάλυση γλώσσας για τον καθορισμό πιθανής χώρας
και / ή περιοχής καταγωγής
Definition(s)
Analysis of mainly spoken, but also written, language as
a method for helping to establish the nationality, region
or ethnic origin of third-country nationals/migrants.
Source(s)
EN language analysis for the determination of origin
Developed by EMN
ES análisis lingüístico para la determinación del origen
Synonym(s)
ET keeleanalüüs isiku päritolu väljaselgitamiseks
FI kielianalyysi henkilön alkuperän selvittämiseksi
FR analyse linguistique pour la détermination de l’origine
GA anailís teanga le bunús eitneach a chinneadh
HR analiza jezika radi utvrđivanja zemlje podrijetla
(LADO)
HU nyelvi elemzés a származás megállapítására
LADO
language and speech analysis for the determination of
origin
speech-text-analysis
Broader term(s)
establishment of identity
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
LT kalbos analizė kilmei nustatyti
6.3.2. Establishment of identity of applicants for
international protection (incl. examination of documents,
language analysis, age assessment)
LV valodas analīze, lai noteiktu izcelsmi
Euro Voc Classification
IT analisi linguistica per la determinazione dell’origine
MT determinazzjoni tal-oriġini tal-analiżi lingwistika /
preċiżazzjoni tal-oriġini tal-analiżi lingwistika
NL taalanalyse voor de bepaling van de herkomst
PL analiza językowa określająca pochodzenie
PT análise da linguagem para determinação da origem
RO analiză lingvistică pentru determinarea originii
SK analýza jazyka na určenie pôvodu (LADO)
SL jezikovna analiza za ugotavljanje izvora / porekla
SV språkanalys för att fastställa ursprung
NO språkanalyse for å vurdere opprinnelsesland /
-område (b); språkanalyse for å vurdere opphavsland
/ -område (n)
KA ენის ანალიზი წარმომავლობის დადგენის
მიზნით (LADO)
UK мовний аналіз для визначення походження (LADO)
HY
362
Լեզվի վերլուծություն՝ ծագման հնարավոր երկրի և/
կամ տարածաշրջանի որոշման համար
2811 migration
Note(s)
1. Language analyses are usually made at the request of government
immigration/asylum agencies attempting to verify asylum claims, but may
also be performed as part of the appeals process for claims which have
been denied or may apply in return proceedings of other irregular
migrants. For further information see e.g.: Language and Asylum
Research Group
2. Speech recordings are typically analysed to determine whether an
applicant’s speech patterns show expected features of the specific
language variety spoken by their claimed group. The key question that can
be addressed scientifically is not one of nationality but of language socialization and speech community membership, which is a sociolinguistic
matter.
3. In 2004, ‘Guidelines for the use of language analysis in relation to
questions of national origin in refugee cases’ were published which
encompass minimum requirements and safeguards for competent
professional language analysis. They serve as a reference point for
governments seeking to know how to conduct their investigations in a
professional manner.
4. IT does not follow a standardized, codified procedure for languages
analysis.
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
language training
BG езиково обучение
CS jazykové vzdělávání
EL γλωσσική κατάρτιση / γλωσσικά μαθήματα / μαθήματα
γλώσσας
ES formación lingüística
ET keeleõpe
D
Definition(s)
DE Sprachkurs
EN language training
C
In the migration context, a training course to
help migrants (legally residing migrants and applicants
for international protection) to learn the official
language(s) of the host country to enable them
to participate socially and economically in the host
society.
Source(s)
FR formation linguistique
Derived by EMN from Council of Europe and
EMN AHQ on Integration measures regarding language
courses and civic integration -Part 1, April 2017
GA oiliúint teanga
Synonym(s)
FI kielikoulutus
HR tečaj učenja jezika
language course
HU nyelvi képzés
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
IT formazione linguistica
9.1 Integration measures
LT kalbos mokymai
Euro Voc Classification
LV valodu apmācība
MT Taħriġ fl-ilsna / fil-lingwi
NL Taalcursus
PL kurs językowy/ szkolenie językowe
PT formação linguística
RO formare lingvistică
SK jazykové vzdelávanie
SL jezikovno usposabljanje
SV språkundervisning
NO språkopplæring
KA ენის სწავლება
UK мовна підготовка
HY
լեզուների ուսուցում / լեզվական դասընթացներ /
լեզուների դասընթացներ
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
2811 migration
M
Note(s)
1. An increasing number of countries now require adult migrants to
demonstrate proficiency in the language of the host country before
granting entry, residence or work permits or citizenship.
2. Language training in EU Member States is often available. Although the
conditions vary, it can be part of the (mandatory) integration
programmes. In some EU Member States language training is for free or
publicly funded, in others participants have to pay on their own.
3. The level of proficiency required is usually based on the Common
European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) and a language
test may be obligatory. The approach to testing varies and there is a
considerable difference in the levels of proficiency required -ranging from
A1 to B1 or even B2 (oral) of the CEFR.
4. The Council of Europe has published recommendations which set out
the principles governing linguistic integration in the migration field. These
are complemented by language policy guidelines and reference tools
developed to support their effective implementation in an inclusive
approach based on shared values and principles. For further information
see the website of the Council of Europe.
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
363
legal entry
BG законно влизане
CS oprávněný vstup
DE legale Einreise
EL νόμιμη είσοδος
EN legal entry
ES entrada legal
ET seaduslik (riiki) sisenemine
FI laillinen maahantulo
FR entrée légale
GA iontráil dhleathach
HR zakoniti ulazak
HU legális beutazás / legális belépés
IT ingresso autorizzato
LT teisėtas atvykimas
LV likumīga ieceļošana
MT Dħul legali
NL legale binnenkomst / regelmatige binnenkomst
PL legalny wjazd
PT entrada legal
RO intrare legală
SK oprávnený vstup / legálny vstup
SL zakoniti vstop
SV laglig inresa
NO lovlig innreise (b); lovleg innreise (n)
KA ლეგალური შესვლა
UK легальний в’їзд
HY
364
օրինական մուտք
Definition(s)
In the global context, the entry of an alien into a
foreign country in compliance with the necessary
requirements for legal entry into the receiving State.
In the Schengen context, and for a stay not exceeding
three months per six-month period, the entry of a thirdcountry national into a Schengen Member State in
compliance with Art. 5 of the Regulation (EU) 2016/399
(Schengen Borders Code).
Source(s)
Global context: Derived by EMN from the definition
of ‹illegal entry› in the Art.3 of the Protocol against
the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air,
supplementing the UN Convention against Transnational
Organized Crime
Schengen context: Derived by EMN from Art. 5
of Regulation (EU) 2016/399 (Schengen Borders Code)
Narrower term(s)
admission onto the territory
Related term(s)
border control
external EU border
internal EU border
irregular entry
refusal of entry
Schengen Borders Code
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
3. Legal Migration| 6.1 Entry Conditions and Procedures
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
legal migration
BG законна миграция
CS legální migrace
C
D
Definition(s)
DE legale Migration
Migration in accordance with the applicable legal
framework.
E
EL νόμιμη μετανάστευση
Source(s)
EN legal migration
Developed by EMN
F
ES inmigración legal
Synonym(s)
G
ET seaduslik ränne
regular migration
FI laillinen maahanmuutto
Broader term(s)
H
FR migration légale
migration
GA imirce dhleathach
Related term(s)
I
HR zakonite migracije
irregular migration
HU legális migráció
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
IT migrazione autorizzata
LT teisėta migracija
LV likumīga migrācija
MT Migrazzjoni legali
NL legale migratie / reguliere migratie
PL legalna migracja
J
3. Legal Migration
K
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration
L
Note(s)
M
DG HOME e-Library Glossary defines the term as follows: ‘Migration that
occurs through recognised, authorised channels’ (based on IOM).
N
PT migração legal
RO migraţie legală
O
SK legálna migrácia
SL zakonite migracije
P
SV laglig migration
NO lovlig migrasjon) (b); lovleg migrasjon (n)
Q
KA ლეგალური მიგრაცია
R
UK легальна міграція
HY
օրինական միգրացիա
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
365
legal pathway
BG законен път
CS legální cesty
DE legaler Schutzweg (EU acquis); legaler Weg
EL νόμιμη οδός
EN legal pathway
ES vía legal
ET seaduslik rändetee
FI laillinen maahantuloväylä
Definition(s)
In the EU context, every legal mechanism and policies
that enable legal migration from a third country to
an EU Member State, for both international and
humanitarian protection needs and labour market needs.
Source(s)
Derived by EMN from European Commission:
Communication’ Enhancing legal pathways to Europe,
COM(2018) 635 final
FR voie d’entrée légale (EU acquis, BE, LU); voie d’accès
légale (FR)
Synonym(s)
GA conair dhlíthiúil / bealach dlíthiúil
Narrower term(s)
HR zakonit način dolaska
HU legális útvonal
IT percorso legale
LT teisėtas atvykimo būdas
LV likumīgs ceļš / likumīga piekļuve
MT Mogħdija /Proċedura legali
NL legale migratiemogelijkheid
PL legalna ścieżka
PT vias legais
RO cale le-gală de migrație
SK možnosť legálnej migrácie
SL zakonita pot
legal avenue
family reunification
humanitarian admission
humanitarian visa
labour migration
resettlement
Related term(s)
complementary pathway for admission to third countries
legal migration
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
3. Legal Migration
Euro Voc Classification
1011 European Union law| 2811 migration
SV laglig migrationsväg
NO lovlige veier (b): lovlege veg (n)
KA ლეგალური გზა
UK легальний шлях
HY
366
օրինական ճանապարհ
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
C
D
Note(s)
E
1. Controlled legal migration, whether for humanitarian reasons or based
on labour market needs, is an indispensable part of a balanced and
comprehensive migration policy and essential for replacing irregular and
unsafe pathways.For more information see: European Commission:
Communication: Enhancing legal pathways to Europe: an indispensable
part of a balanced and comprehensive migration policy, COM(2018) 635
final.
2. Examples of legal pathways to the EU are labour migration, student
migration, family reunification, humanitarian admission,
humanitarian visa and resettlement.
3. The European Agenda on Migration of May 2015 highlighted the
need of a proactive policy of sustainable, transparent, and accessible
legal pathways in two ways:
Providing safe and legal pathways to Europe for persons in need
of international protection through resettlement and humanitarian
admission which helps fighting the criminal networks of smugglers and
traffickers
Legal migration which makes a valuable contribution to the EU’s
economic development in the medium and long term and enables the
EU to respond to skills shortages.
4. The New Pact on Migration and Asylum 2020 reaffirms the
importance of reducing unsafe and irregular routes and promotes
sustainable and safe legal pathways for those in need of protection and
the need for a legal migration policy, attracting the skills and talent that
the EU needs to address labour shortages and reply to the demographic
change in Europe. In addition, the annual reports on migration and asylum
further develop the concept of legal pathways including concrete
measures to improve the legal framework for both persons in need of
protection and persons interested in labour migration. For more
information see the Webpage of DG Migration and Home Affairs on Resettlement and other pathways to protection and the Webpage of DG
Migration and Home Affairs on Legal Migration and Integration.
5. EU Member States are responsible for deciding how many third-country nationals they admit for employment, study and research, while EU
rules define common admission conditions, procedures and rights for
applicants.
6. Legal and complementary pathways for admission to third
countries are different mechanisms. Legal pathway is the concept at EU
level and encompasses both international protection and legal migration.
Complementary pathways should not substitute the protection afforded
to refugees under the international protection regime but rather
complement it and serve as an important expression of global solidarity
and international cooperation and a contribution to more equitable
responsibility sharing. Complementary pathways should be implemented
in such a way that the rights of refugees and continuing international
protection needs are safeguarded.
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
367
LGBTIQ
BG ЛГБТ
CS LGBTIQ
Definition(s)
DE LGBTIQ
An acronym for persons who identify as lesbian, gay,
bisexual, trans, intersex or queer.
EL ΛΟΑΤΚΙ
Source(s)
EN LGBTIQ
ES LGTBI (lesbianas, gais, transgénero, bisexuales e
intersexuales)
ET LGBTIQ
FI LHBTIQ
FR LGBTIQ
GA LADTI (Leispiach, Aerach, Déghnéasach,
Trainsinscneach, Idirghnéasach agus Aiteach)
HR LGBTIQ
HU LMBTIQ-Leszbikus, Meleg, Biszexuális, Transznemű,
Interszexuális, Queer
IT LGBTIQ
LT LGBTIQ
LV LGBTIQ
MT LGBTIQ
NL LGBTIQ+ (NL); LGBTQI+ (BE)
PL LGBTI
PT LGBTQIA+ (Lésbicas, Gays, Bissexuais, Trangéneros
(Travestis e Transsexuais), Queer, Intersexos e demais
possibilidades de orientações sexuais ou identidades
de género)
RO LGBTI
SK lesbické, homosexuálne, bisexuálne, transrodové,
intersexuálne a queer osoby / LGBTIQ osoby
SL LGBTIQ (lezbijke, geji, biseksualne, trans,
interseksualne in kvir osebe)
SV hbtqi (homosexuella, bisexuella, trans- och
queerpersoner och intersexuella)
NO LHBT, lesbiske, homofile, bifile og transpersoner (b);
LHBT, lesbiske, homofile, bifile og transpersonar (n)
KA ლგბტიქ
UK ЛГБТІ
HY
368
ԼԳԲՏԻ
Derived by EMN from European Commission: LGBTIQ
Equality Strategy 2020-2025
Synonym(s)
LGB
LGBT
LGBTQ
LGBTIQIA
Related term(s)
gender-based persecution
gender identity
gender-specific violence
particular social group
sexual orientation
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
7. Vulnerable Groups
Euro Voc Classification
1236 rights and freedoms
Note(s)
1. There is no uniform or standardised terminology relating to
diverse sexual orientations and gender identities. Terminology
regarding LGBTIQ varies immensely across (sub-)cultures and countries/
regions and may change over time.
2. The EMN prefers the term LGBTIQ as this is the term used by the
European Commission in its LGBTIQ Equality Strategy 2020-2025. The
Strategy sets out a series of measures to integrate LGBTIQ equality in all
policy areas and to help lift the voices of LGBTIQ minorities. For more
information see the Webpage on the LGBTIQ Equality Strategy
2020-2025. The EUAA also uses the term LGBTIQ as e.g. in their COI
LGBTIQ research guide 2021.
3. More commonly used is the acronym LGBTI, which is also the term used
in the publication “Legal gender recognition in the EU”.Others also include
asexual persons (LGBTQIA). The discussion over the most inclusive
acronym is ongoing.
4. LGBTIQ rights in the European Union are protected under the European
Union’s (EU) treaties and law. Same-sex sexual activity is legal in all EU
Member States and discrimination in employment has been banned
since 2000. However, EU Member States have different laws when it
comes to any greater protection and discrimination against LGBTIQ
people persists throughout the EU.
5. The term was added as LGBTIQ people may experience persecution, serious harm and discrimination in their countries of origin and
thus it may be a reason for people to claim international protection.
Art. 10 of the Recast Qualification Directive (Directive 2011/95/
EU) reiterates that sexual orientation may be invoked as one of the five
existing Convention grounds for persecution.
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
Lisbon Treaty
BG Договорът от Лисабон
CS Lisabonská smlouva
C
D
Definition(s)
ES Tratado de Lisboa
An international agreement - initially known as the
Reform Treaty - which amends the two treaties that
form the constitutional basis of the European Union and
which aims to enhance the efficiency and democratic
legitimacy of the European Union and to improve the
coherence of its actions.
ET Lissaboni leping
Source(s)
DE Vertrag von Lissabon
EL Η Συνθήκη της Λισαβόνας
EN Lisbon Treaty
FI Lissabonin sopimus
Derived by EMN from Website on the Lisbon Treaty
FR Traité de Lisbonne
Synonym(s)
HR Lisabonski ugovor
Reform Treaty
Treaty of Lisbon
HU Lisszaboni Szerződés
Related term(s)
GA Conradh Liospóin
IT Trattato di Lisbona
LT Lisabonos sutartis
LV Lisabonas līgums
MT Trattat (It-) ta’ Lisbona
NL Verdrag van Lissabon
PL Traktat Lizboński
PT Tratado de Lisboa
RO Tratatul de la Lisabona
SK Lisabonská zmluva
SL Lizbonska pogodba
SV Lissabonfördraget
NO Lisboa-traktaten
KA ლისაბონის ხელშეკრულება
UK Лісабонська угода
HY
Լիսաբոնի պայմանագիր
E
F
G
H
I
J
Common European Asylum System (CEAS)
K
Euro Voc Classification
1011 European Union law
L
Note(s)
M
1. The Treaty of Lisbon was signed by the 27 EU Member States on 13
December 2007, and entered into force on 1 December 2009. It amends
the Maastricht Treaty (1993), which is also known as the Treaty on
European Union, and the Treaty of Rome (1952), which is also known as
the Treaty establishing the European Community (TEEC). At Lisbon, the
Treaty of Rome was renamed the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU).
2. Prominent changes included the move from unanimity to qualified
majority voting in at least 45 policy areas in the Council of Ministers, a
change in calculating such a majority to a new double majority, a more
powerful European Parliament forming a bicameral legislature alongside
the Council of ministers under the ordinary legislative procedure, a
consolidated legal personality for the EU, and the creation of a long-term
President of the European Council and a High Representative of the Union
for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy. The Treaty also made the Union’s
bill of rights, the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European
Union, legally binding.
3. The Treaty of Lisbon broadened the competences of the EU in asylum
issues. According to Art. 78 TFEU, a common policy on asylum is
developed through the ordinary legislative procedure. There is no
mentioning of minimum standards as before which sets the aim to
convergence. The Article provides for the legal basis for the Common
European Asylum System (CEAS). For further information, see the entry
for ‘Common European Asylum System (CEAS)’ in this EMN Glossary.
4. For more information see the Website of the Lisbon Treaty.
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
369
local border traffic
BG местен граничен трафик
CS malý pohraniční styk
DE kleiner Grenzverkehr
EL τοπική διασυνοριακή κυκλοφορία
EN local border traffic
ES tráfico fronterizo local
ET kohalik piiriliiklus
Definition(s)
The regular crossing of an external land border by border
residents in order to stay in a border area, for example
for social, cultural or substantiated economic reasons,
or for family reasons, for a period not exceeding three
months.
Source(s)
FI paikallinen rajaliikenne
Art. 3(3) of Council Regulation (EC) No 1931/2006 (Local
Border Traffic Regulation)
FR petit trafic frontalier
Related term(s)
GA trácht teorann áitiúil
HR pogranični promet
HU kishatárforgalom
IT traffico frontaliero locale
LT vietinis eismas per sieną
LV vietējā pierobežas satiksme
MT Traffiku lokali mal-fruntiera / mal-konfini
border area
border resident
frontier worker
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
3. Legal Migration| 6.1.1 Border control
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration
NL klein grensverkeer
PL mały ruch graniczny
PT pequeno tráfego fronteiriço
RO mic trafic de frontieră
SK malý pohraničný styk (EU acquis); prihraničná doprava
SL obmejni promet
SV lokal gränstrafik
NO lokal grensetrafikk
KA ადგილობრივი სასაზღვრო მიმოსვლა
UK місцевий прикордонний рух
HY
370
տեղական միջսահմանային երթևեկություն
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
lodging an application for
international protection
BG подаване на молба за международна закрила
A
B
C
D
Definition(s)
CS poskytnutí údajů k podané žádosti o mezinárodní
ochranu
E
DE einen förmlichen Antrag auf internationalen Schutz
stellen
The act of formalising the application for
international protection with the determining
authority or any other body charged with lodging as per
national practice.
EL υποβολή/ κατάθεση αίτησης για διεθνή προστασία
Source(s)
G
Derived by EMN from Art. 6 (2-4) of Directive 2013/32/
EU (Recast Asylum Procedures Directive)
EN lodging an application for international protection
ES formalizar una solicitud de protección internacional
Related term(s)
ET rahvusvahelise kaitse taotluse esitamine
F
H
FI kansainvälistä suojelua koskevan hakemuksen
jättäminen
access to the procedure for international protection
making an application for international protection
I
FR introduire une demande de protection internationale
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
J
GA iarratas ar chosaint idirnáisiúnta a thaisceadh
HR podnošenje zahtjeva za međunarodnu zaštitu
6.2 Procedure for international protection/Refugee status
determination
Euro Voc Classification
HU nemzetközi védelem iránti kérelem előterjesztése
IT inoltro di una domanda di protezione internazionale
LT tarptautinės apsaugos prašymo pateikimas (EU
acquis); prašymo suteikti prieglobstį pateikimas
LV starptautiskās aizsardzības pieteikuma iesniegšana
MT Depożizzjoni ta’ applikazzjoni għall-protezzjoni
internazzjonali
NL indiening van een verzoek om internationale
bescherming
PL złożenie wniosku o udzielenie ochrony
międzynarodowej / (formalne) złożenie wniosku o
ochronę międzynarodową
PT apresentação de pedido de proteção internacional
K
2811 migration
L
Note(s)
M
1. According to Art. 6(2) of Directive 2013/32 (Recast Asylum Procedures
Directive), EU Member States have to ensure that a person who has made
an application for international protection has an effective opportunity to
lodge it as soon as possible and have to inform applicants where and how
to lodge.
2. EU Member States may require that applications for international
protection are lodged in person and/or at a designated place, Art.6(3)
of Directive 2013/32 (Recast Asylum Procedures Directive).
3. An application for international protection shall be deemed to have
been lodged once a form submitted by the applicant or, where provided
for in national law, an official report has reached the competent
authorities of the EU Member State concerned (Art. 6 (4) of the Recast
Asylum Procedures Directive).
RO depunere a unei cereri de protecție internațională
N
O
P
Q
R
SK podanie žiadosti o medzinárodnú ochranu
S
SL vložiti prošnjo za mednarodno zaščito
SV lämna in ansökan om internationellt skydd
NO fremme en søknad om internasjonal beskyttelse (b);
søkje om internasjonalt vern (n)
T
KA საერთაშორისო დაცვის მოთხოვნის შესახებ
U
UK подання заяви про надання міжнародного захисту
V
განცხადების შეტანა
HY
միջազգային պաշտպանության դիմումի
ներկայացնելը
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
371
long-stay visa
BG виза за дългосрочно пребиваване
CS dlouhodobé vízum
DE Visum für den längerfristigen Aufenthalt (EU acquis);
Langzeit-Visum
EL θεώρηση εισόδου για διαμονή μακράς διαρκείας (EL);
θεώρηση μακράς διάρκειας (CY)
EN long-stay visa
ES visado para estancia de larga duración
ET pikaajaline viisa
FI pitkäaikainen viisumi
FR visa de long séjour
GA víosa fadchuairte
HR dugotrajna viza
HU hosszú távú tartózkodásra jogosító vízum
IT visto per soggiorno di lunga durata
LT ilgalaikė viza
LV ilgtermiņa vīza
Definition(s)
The authorisation or decision issued by one of the EU
Member States in accordance with its national law or
Union law required for entry for an intended stay in that
EU Member State of more than three months.
Source(s)
Art. 2(m) of Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 (Dublin III
Regulation)
Broader term(s)
visa
Related term(s)
airport transit visa
short-stay visa
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
6.1.2 Visa policy
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration
MT Viża ghal żjara / miġja / waqfa fit-tul
NL visum voor verblijf van langere duur
PL wiza długoterminowa
PT visto de longa duração
RO viză de lungă şedere
SK dlhodobé vízum
SL vizum za dolgoročno prebivanje
SV visering för längre vistelse
NO oppholdstillatelse (b); opphaldsløyve (n)
KA გრძელვადიანი ვიზა
UK довгострокова віза
HY
372
երկարաժամկետ վիզա
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
long-term migrant
BG дългосрочен мигрант
CS dlouhodobý migrant
DE langfristig aufhältiger Migrant / Langzeit-Migrant
EL μετανάστης επί μακρόν διαμένων
EN long-term migrant
ES persona migrante de carácter permanente
ET pikaajaliselt riigis viibiv sisserändaja
FI pitkään oleskellut maahanmuuttaja
FR migrant de longue durée
GA imirceach fadtéarmach
HR dugotrajni migrant
HU huzamos tartózkodási céllal érkező migráns
IT migrante di lungo periodo
LT ilgalaikis migrantas
LV ilgtermiņa migrants
C
D
Definition(s)
A person who moves to a country other than that of
their usual residence for a period of at least a year (12
months), so that the country of destination effectively
becomes their new country of usual residence.
E
Source(s)
G
Broader term(s)
H
Related term(s)
I
OECD Glossary of Statistical Terms
migrant
long-term migration
short-term migrant
F
J
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
K
3. Legal Migration
Euro Voc Classification
L
2811 migration
MT Migrant(a) fit-tul / għal żmien twil
M
NL langverblijvende migrant / langdurig migrant
PL migrant długookresowy
N
PT migrante de longa duração
RO migrant pe termen lung
O
SK dlhodobý migrant
SL migrant za daljše obdobje
P
SV långtidsmigrant
NO migrant med langvarig opphold (b); migrant med
langvarig opphald (n)
Q
KA გრძელვადიანი მიგრანტი
R
UK довгостроковий мігрант
HY
S
երկարաժամկետ միգրացիա
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
373
long-term migration
BG дългосрочна миграция
CS dlouhodobá migrace
DE langfristige Migration / Langzeit-Migration
EL μακροχρόνια μετανάστευση
EN long-term migration
ES migración de larga duración
Definition(s)
Movement of individuals who change their country
of usual residence for a period of at least one year, so
that the country of destination effectively becomes
their new country of usual residence.
Source(s)
FI pitkäaikainen maahanmuutto
Derived by EMN from the UN Recommendations on
Statistics of International Migration and
OECD Glossary of Statistical Terms
FR migration de longue durée
Synonym(s)
ET pikaajaline sisseränne
GA imirce fhadtéarmach
HR dugotrajna migracija
permanent-type migration
permanent migration
HU huzamos tartózkodási célú migráció
Broader term(s)
IT migrazione di lungo periodo
migration
LT ilgalaikė migracija
Related term(s)
LV ilgtermiņa migrācija
MT Migrazzjoni fit-tul
NL langetermijnmigratie
PL migracja długookresowa
PT migração de longa duração
RO migraţie pe termen lung
SK dlhodobá migrácia
SL migracije za daljše obdobje
SV långtidsmigration
NO langtidsmigrasjon
KA გრძელვადიანი მიგრაცია
UK довгострокова міграція
HY
374
long-term migrant
short-term migration
temporary migration
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
3. Legal Migration
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration
Note(s)
Long-term migration’ and ‘permanent migration’ are often understood as
quasi-synonyms. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and
Development (OECD) defines permanent migration as ‘a concept relating
to undertaking migration with a view to, or which results in, settling on a
permanent basis in the country of destination.
երկարատեվ ներգաղթ
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
long-term mobility
BG дългосрочна мобилност
CS dlouhodobá mobilita
C
D
Definition(s)
E
ES movilidad de larga duración
In the context of Directive 2016/801/EU (Recast
Researcher’s Directive), the action of a third-country
national, already authorised to stay in one EU Member
State for the purposes of research or studies, staying in
one or several second EU Member States for more than
180 days per EU Member State in order to carry out part
of their research in any research organisation.
ET pikaajaline liikuvus
Source(s)
H
DE langfristige Mobilität
EL μακροχρόνια κινητικότητα (EL); μακρά κινητικότητα
(CY)
EN long-term mobility
FI pitkäaikainen liikkuvuus
FR mobilité de longue durée
GA soghluaisteacht fhadtéarmach
HR dugoročna mobilnost
HU hosszú távú mobilitás
IT mobilità di lunga durata
LT Ilgalaikis judumas
LV ilgtermiņa mobilitāte
Derived by EMN from Art. 29 of Directive 2016/801/EU
(Recast Researcher’s Directive)
Related term(s)
G
I
J
short-term mobility
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
K
3.3 Migration for Study and Research
Euro Voc Classification
L
2811 migration
MT Mobbilità fit-tul
M
NL langetermijnmobiliteit
N
PL długoterminowawa mobilność
PT mobilidade de longa duração
O
RO mobilitate pe termen lung
SK dlhodobá mobilita
P
SL dolgoročna mobilnost
SV rörlighet för längre vistelse
Q
NO langvarig flytting
KA გრძელვადიანი მობილობა
R
UK довгострокова мобільність
HY
F
S
երկարաժամկետ շարժունակություն
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
375
long-term resident
BG дългосрочно пребиваващ
CS dlouhodobě pobývající rezident
DE langfristig Aufenthaltsberechtigter
EL επί μακρών διαμένων
EN long-term resident
ES residente de larga duración
Definition(s)
A third-country national who has long-term resident
status as provided for under Arts. 4 to 7 of Council
Directive 2003/109/EC (Long Term Residents
Directive) or as provided for under national legislation.
Source(s)
ET pikaajaline elanik
Art. 2(b) of Council Directive 2003/109/EC (Long Term
Residents Directive)
FI pitkään oleskellut
Related term(s)
FR résident de longue durée
GA cónaitheoir fadtéarmach
HR osoba s dugotrajnim boravištem
HU huzamos tartózkodási engedéllyel rendelkező
személy
IT soggiornante di lungo periodo
right of residence
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
3. Legal Migration| 8.1 Right of residence, authorisation
of stay/long-term visa, / residence permits
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration
LT ilgalaikis gyventojas
LV pastāvīgais iedzīvotājs
MT Resident(a) fit-tul
NL langdurig ingezeten onderdaan van een derde land /
langdurig ingezetene
PL rezydent długoterminowy
PT residente de longa duração
RO rezident pe termen lung
SK osoba s dlhodobým pobytom
Note(s)
1. EU Member States must recognise long-term resident status after five
years of uninterrupted legal residence. This is however dependent upon
the person having a stable and regular source of income, health insurance
and, when required by the EU Member State, having complied with
integration measures. The applicant must also not constitute a threat to
public security or public policy.
2. Directive 2011/51/EU of 11 May 2011 amended Directive 2003/109/
EC (Long Term Residents Directive) to extend its scope of application
to beneficiaries of international protection.
3. The UN Recommendations on Statistics on International Migration set
one year of intended residence as the lower threshold.
SL rezident za daljše obdobje
SV varaktigt bosatt
NO person med permanent oppholdtillatelse (b); person
med permanent opphaldsløyve (n)
KA გრძელვადიანი მობინადრე/მცხოვრები
UK довгостроковий резидент
HY
376
երկարաժամկետ բնակիչ/ռեզիդենտ
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
loss of citizenship
BG загуба на гражданство
CS pozbytí státního občanství
DE Verlust der Staatsangehörigkeit / Verlust der
Staatsbürgerschaft
EL απώλεια ιθαγένειας (EL); στέρηση ιθαγένειας,
ιδιότητας του πολίτη (CY)
C
D
Definition(s)
Any mode of loss of the status as citizen of a country,
voluntarily or involuntarily, automatically or by an act by
the public authorities.
Source(s)
E
F
EN loss of citizenship
Global Citizenship Observatory (GLOBALCIT): Glossary on
Citizenship and Electoral Rights
G
ES pérdida de nacionalidad
Synonym(s)
ET kodakondsuse kaotamine
loss of nationality
H
FI kansalaisuuden menettäminen
Broader term(s)
FR perte de la nationalité
citizenship
I
GA cailleadh saoránachta
Related term(s)
acquisition of citizenship
J
HR gubitak državljanstva
HU állampolgárság elvesztése
Euro Voc Classification
K
IT perdita di cittadinanza
LT pilietybės netekimas
LV pilsonības zaudēšana
MT Telf ta’ ċittadinanza
1236 rights and freedoms| 2811 migration
L
Note(s)
M
The main types of loss are renunciation, withdrawal and lapse
of citizenship.
NL verlies van het staatsburgerschap
N
PL utrata obywatelstwa
O
PT perda de nacionalidade
RO pierderea cetăţeniei
P
SK strata štátneho občianstva
SL izguba državljanstva
SV förlust av medborgarskap
Q
NO tap av statsborgerskap (b); tap av statsborgarskap
(n)
R
KA მოქალაქეობის დაკარგვა
S
UK втрата громадянства
HY
քաղաքացիության կորուստ
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
377
making an application for
international protection
BG подаване на молба за международна закрила
CS podat žádost o mezinárodní ochranu
Definition(s)
DE einen Antrag auf internationalen Schutz stellen
The expression of intent to apply for international
protection.
EL υποβολή αίτησης παροχής διεθνούς προστασίας
Source(s)
EN making an application for international protection
ES expresar el deseo de solicitud de protección
internacional
ET soovi avaldamine rahvusvahelise kaitse saamiseks
FI kansainvälistä suojelua koskevan hakemuksen
tekeminen
FR présenter une demande de protection internationale
GA iarratas ar chosaint idirnáisiúnta a dhéanamh
HR namjera za podnošenje zahtjeva za međunarodnu
zaštitu
HU nemzetközi védelem iránti szándék kinyilatkoztatása
IT presentazione di una domanda di protezione
internazionale
LT prašymo dėl tarptautinės apsaugos išreiškimas (EU
acquis); prašymo dėl prieglobsčio suteikimo
išreiškimas
LV izteikt vēlmi iesniegt starptautiskās aizsardzības
pieteikumu
MT Tressiq / Preżentazzjoni ta’ applikazzjoni għallprotezzjoni internazzjonali
NL een verzoek om internationale bescherming doen
PL złożenie wniosku o ochronę międzynarodową
(wyrażenie woli ubiegania się o ochronę
międzynarodową)
Derived by EMN from Art. 6 (1) and 6 (5) of Directive
2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Procedures Directive) and
EASO: Background document for Member States on
application of Art. 6 of the recast Asylum Procedures
Directive, 2015
Related term(s)
access to the procedure for international protection
lodging an application for international protection
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
6.2.1 Access to the international protection procedure
Euro Voc Classification
1011 European Union law| 2811 migration
Note(s)
1. Expressing the wish to apply for international protection, even in an
indirect/non explicit manner, constitutes making an application.
2. Since 20 July 2015, EU Member States have had to register all
applications made as well as those lodged. This is to ensure effective
monitoring of access to procedure. The EUAA, formerly EASO, has been
gathering data on applications made under its Early Warning and
Preparedness System (EPS) since 15 September 2015.
3. Third-country nationals and stateless persons who have expressed
their wish to apply for international protection are applicants for
international protection, who should therefore comply with the
obligations, and benefit from the rights, outlined in Directive 2013/32/EU
(Recast Asylum Procedures Directive) and Directive 2013/33/EU (Recast
Reception Conditions Directive) .
PT apresentação de pedido de proteção internacional
RO prezentare a unei cereri de protecție internațională
SK požiadanie o medzinárodnú ochranu
SL izraziti namen za vložitev prošnje za mednarodno
zaščito / izraziti namero za vložitev prošnje za
mednarodno zaščito
SV ansöka om internationellt skydd
NO søke om internasjonal beskyttelse (b); søkje om
internasjonalt vern (n)
KA საერთაშორისო დაცვის მოთხოვნა
UK складання заяви про надання міжнародного
захисту
HY
378
միջազգային պաշտպանության դիմում ներկայացնել
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
managed migration
BG управление на миграционните процеси
CS řízená migrace
C
D
Definition(s)
ES gestión integral de la migración
An approach used by the EU and EU Member States
to structure the management of all aspects of
migration into and within the EU of both third-country
nationals and EU nationals, particularly the entry,
admission, residence, integration and return, as well as
of refugees and others in need of protection.
ET juhitud ränne
Source(s)
DE gesteuerte Migration
EL επιλεκτική μετανάστευση
EN managed migration
FI hallittu maahanmuutto
Developed by EMN
FR gestion des migrations
Synonym(s)
GA imirce bhainistithe
migration management
HR upravljanje migracijama
Related term(s)
HU kezelt migráció / irányított migráció
IT migrazione gestita
LT valdoma migracija
LV pārvaldīta migrācija
MT Ġestjoni ta’ flussi migratorji
NL gereguleerde migratie
F
G
H
I
J
economic migrant
economic migration
forced migration
quota
K
L
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration
M
PL migracja zarządzana
N
PT gestão de migrações
RO migrație gestionată / migraţie controlată
O
SK riadená migrácia
SL upravljanje migracij
P
SV reglerad migration
NO styrt migrasjon
Q
KA მართული მიგრაცია
R
UK регульована міграція
HY
E
կառավարվող միգրացիա
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
379
mandate refugee
BG бежанец по мандата на Върховния комисар на
ООН за бежанците (ВКБООН)
CS mandátní uprchlík
DE Mandatsflüchtling
EL πρόσφυγας εντολής
EN mandate refugee
ES refugiado bajo mandato
ET mandaadipagulane
FI mandaattipakolainen
FR réfugié relevant du mandat du HCR
GA dídeanaí de réir sainordú
HR mandatna izbjeglica
HU mandátumos menekült
IT rifugiato ex mandato
LT pabėgėlis pagal mandatą
LV UNHCR mandāta bēglis
MT rifuġjat f’qafas ta’ mandat
NL mandaatvluchteling
Definition(s)
A person who meets the criteria of the UNHCR Statute
and qualifies for the protection of the UN provided
by the United Nations High Commissioner for
Refugees (UNHCR), regardless of whether or not
they are in a country that is a party to the Geneva
Refugee Convention and Protocol, or whether or not
they have been recognised by the host country as
a refugee under either of these instruments.
Source(s)
Derived by EMN from IOM Glossary on Migration, 2019.
Broader term(s)
refugee
Related term(s)
Convention refugee
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
4.1.1 Refugee protection
Euro Voc Classification
1231 international law| 2811 migration
PL uchodźca mandatowy
PT refugiado mandato
RO refugiat sub mandat UNHCR
SK mandátny utečenec
SL mandatni begunec
SV mandatflykting
NO overføringsflyktning
KA მანდატით განსაზღვრული ლტოლვილი
UK мандатний біженець
HY
380
մանդատի ներքո փախստական
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
381
manifestly unfounded application
for international protection
BG явно неоснователна молба за международна
закрила
LV acīmredzami nepamatots starptautiskās aizsardzības
pieteikums
CS zjevně nedůvodná žádost o mezinárodní ochranu
MT applikazzjoni manifestament / bans bla bażi
għall-protezzjoni internazzjonali
DE offensichtlich unbegründeter Antrag auf
internationalen Schutz
EL προδήλως αβάσιμη αίτηση διεθνούς προστασίας
EN manifestly unfounded application for international
protection
ES solicitud de protección internacional manifiestamente
infundada
ET selgelt põhjendamatu rahvusvahelise kaitse taotlus
FI ilmeisen perusteeton kansainvälistä suojelua koskeva
hakemus
FR demande de protection internationale manifestement
infondée
GA
HR očito neosnovan zahtjev za međunarodnu zaštitu
HU nyilvánvalóan megalapozatlan nemzetközi védelem
iránti kérelem
IT domanda di protezione internazionale
manifestamente infondata
LT akivaizdžiai nepagrįstas tarptautinės apsaugos
prašymas (EU acquis); akivaizdžiai nepagrįstas
prašymas suteikti prieglobstį
382
NL kennelijk ongegrond verzoek om internationale
bescherming
PL bezpodstawny wniosek o udzielenie ochrony
międzynarodowej
PT requerimento manifestamente infundado de
proteção internacional
RO cerere vădit nefondată de protecție internațională
SK zjavne neopodstatnená žiadosť o medzinárodnú
ochranu / zjavne neopodstatnená žiadosť o udelenie
medzinárodnej ochrany
SL očitno neutemeljena prošnja za mednarodno zaščito
SV uppenbart ogrundad ansökan om internationellt
skydd
NO Klart grunnløs søknad om internasjonal beskyttelse
(b); Klart grunnlaus søknad om internasjonalt vern (n)
KA აშკარად დაუსაბუთებელი განცხადება
საერთაშორისო დაცვის მოთხოვნის შესახებ
UK явно необґрунтована заява про надання
міжнародного захисту
HY
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
միջազգային պաշտպանության ակնհայտորեն
անհիմն դիմում
A
B
C
Definition(s)
In the global context, an application which is
a) not related to the criteria for granting refugee
status laid down in Art. 1(A2) of the Geneva Refugee
Convention and Protocol nor to other criteria justifying
the granting of asylum or
b) which is clearly fraudulent as it is based on
a deliberate attempt to deceive the authorities
determining refugee status.
In the EU context, an unfounded application
for international protection that is considered
under national legislation of EU Member States to
be manifestly unfounded in one of the following
circumstances:
- the applicant has only raised issues that are not
relevant for the qualification as a beneficiary of
international protection;
- the applicant is from a safe country of origin;
- the applicant is, for serious reasons, considered a
danger to the national security or public order or
- the application is based on deliberate deception
or an abuse of the procedure for international
protection as further described in the circumstances
c-i listed in Art. 31(8) of Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast
Asylum Procedures Directive)
Source(s)
Global context: Derived by EMN from UNHCR:
The Problem of Manifestly Unfounded or Abusive
Applications for Refugee Status or Asylum, 20 October
1983, UNHCR Executive Committee Conclusion No. 30
(XXXIV) of 1983 and
UNHCR: Position on Manifestly Unfounded Applications
for Asylum, 1 December 1992
EU-context: Derived by EMN from Art. 31(8) and 32
of Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Procedures
Directive)
D
Note(s)
1. The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) refers in its Executive Committee Conclusion No. 30 that procedures for
applications considered to be manifestly unfounded should include
necessary procedural safeguards including preliminary counselling in an
appropriate language; full personal interview by an qualified official;
responsibility of the competent asylum authority for establishing the
manifestly unfounded character of the application; ability to seek review
of negative decisions.
2. The further circumstances according to Art. 31(8) c- i of Directive
2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Procedures Directive) are:
c) the applicant has misled the authorities by presenting false
information/documents or by withholding relevant information/documents
with respect to their identity and/or nationality that could have had a
negative impact on the decision;
d) it is likely that the applicant has, in bad faith, destroyed or disposed of
an identity or travel document that would have helped establish their
identity or nationality;
e) the applicant has made clearly inconsistent and contradictory, clearly
false or obviously improbable representations which contradict sufficiently
verified country of origin information (COI), thus making their claim
clearly unconvincing in relation to whether they qualify as a beneficiary of
international protection;
f) the applicant has introduced a subsequent application for
international protection that is not inadmissible
g) the applicant is making an application merely in order to delay or
frustrate the enforcement of an earlier or imminent decision which would
result in their removal;
h) the applicant entered the territory of the EU Member State unlawfully
or prolonged their stay unlawfully and, without good reason, has either
not presented themselves to the authorities or not made an application
for international protection as soon as possible, given the
circumstances of their entry;
i) the applicant refuses to comply with an obligation to have their
fingerprints taken in accordance with Regulation (EU) No 603/2013
(Eurodac-Regulation) for the comparison of fingerprints for the effective
application of Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 (Dublin III Regulation)
3. Applications for international protection in the above circumstances
that are defined under national legislation as ‘manifestly unfounded’ may
be considered under accelerated procedures and/or conducted at the
border or in transit zones, in accordance
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
Broader term(s)
U
unfounded application for international protection
Related term(s)
V
accelerated international protection procedure
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
W
6.2 Procedure for international protection/Refugee status
determination
X
Euro Voc Classification
1011 European Union law| 2811 migration
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
383
marriage of convenience
BG фиктивен брак
CS účelové manželství
DE Scheinehe
EL γάμος συμφέροντος
EN marriage of convenience
ES matrimonio de complacencia
ET fiktiivabielu / näiline abielu
FI lumeavioliitto
Definition(s)
A marriage contracted for the sole purpose of enabling
the person concerned to enter or reside in an EU Member
State.
Source(s)
Art. 16 (2b) of Council Directive 2003/86/EC (Family
Reunification Directive)
Related term(s)
HR brak iz koristi
adoption of convenience
civil partnership of convenience
false declaration of parenthood
partnership of convenience
HU érdekházasság
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
FR mariage de complaisance
GA pósadh áisiúlachta
IT matrimonio fittizio
LT fiktyvi santuoka
LV fiktīva laulība
14. Factors and Impacts of Migration
Euro Voc Classification
2806 family| 2811 migration
MT Żwieġ ta’ konvenjenza / għall-konvenjenza
NL schijnhuwelijk
PL małżeństwo zawarte w celu obejścia przepisów
umożliwiających legalizację pobytu / małżeństwo
fikcyjne
Note(s)
For further information, see EMN: Marriages of convenience and false
declarations of parenthood, 2012.
PT casamento de conveniência
RO căsătorie de convenienţă
SK účelové manželstvo
SL navidezna zakonska zveza / zakon iz koristoljubja
SV skenäktenskap
NO proformaekteskap
KA ფიქციური ქორწინება
UK фіктивний шлюб
HY
384
շահի վրա հիմնված ամուսնություն
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
mass influx
BG масово навлизане
CS hromadný příliv
DE Massenzustrom
EL μαζική εισορρή
EN mass influx
ES afluencia masiva
ET massiline sisseränne
C
D
Definition(s)
Arrival in the Community of a large number
of displaced persons, who come from a specific
country or geographical area, whether their arrival in
the Community was spontaneous or aided, for example
through an evacuation programme.
Source(s)
FI joukoittainen maahantulo
Art. 2(d) of Council Directive 2001/55/EC (Temporary
Protection Directive)
FR afflux massif
Related term(s)
E
F
G
H
I
GA mórphlódú isteach
temporary protection
HR masovni priljev
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
HU tömeges beáramlás
4.3 Temporary protection
J
IT afflusso massiccio
Euro Voc Classification
K
LT masinis srautas (EU acquis); antplūdis
2811 migration
L
LV masveida pieplūdums
MT Influss tal-massa / ta’ massa
M
NL massale toestroom / massale instroom
PL masowy napływ
N
PT afluxo maciço
RO aflux masiv
O
SK hromadný prílev
SL množični prihod
P
SV massiv tillströmning
NO massetilstrømning (b); massetilstrøyming (n)
Q
KA მასობრივი შემოდინება
R
UK масовий наплив
HY
զանգվածային ներհոսք
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
385
material reception conditions
BG материални условия на приемане
CS materiální podmínky přijetí
DE materielle Aufnahmebedingungen
EL υλικοί όροι υποδοχής
EN material reception conditions
ES condiciones materiales de acogida
ET materiaalsed vastuvõtutingimused
Definition(s)
Subsistence support provided by an EU Member State to
an applicant for international protection consisting
of housing, food and clothing, in kind or as financial
allowances or in vouchers, or a combination of the three,
and a daily expenses allowance.
Source(s)
FI aineelliset vastaanotto-olosuhteet
Derived by EMN from Art. 2(g) of Directive 2013/33/EU
(Recast Reception Conditions Directive)
FR conditions matérielles d’accueil
Broader term(s)
GA dálaí ábhartha glactha
reception conditions
HR materijalni uvjeti prihvata
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
HU a befogadás anyagi feltételei
IT condizioni materiali di accoglienza
LT materialinės priėmimo sąlygos
LV uzņemšanas materiālie nosacījumi
MT Kondizzjonijiet materjali tal-akkoljenza
NL materiële opvangvoorzieningen
PL materialne warunki przyjmowania
PT condições materiais de acolhimento
4.4 Reception and Accommodation of Applicants for
international protection and other refugees
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration
Note(s)
The material reception conditions listed in the Reception Conditions
Directive are binding on all EU Member States. In addition, they may
introduce or maintain more favourable provisions for third-country
nationals and stateless persons, such as medical or psychological care.
RO condiţii materiale de recepţie
SK materiálne prijímacie podmienky (EU acquis);
materiálne podmienky prijímania
SL materialni pogoji za sprejem
SV materiella mottagningsvillkor
NO materielle mottaksforhold (b); materielle
mottakstilhøve (n)
KA მიღების მატერიალური პირობები
UK матеріальні умови прийому
HY
386
ընդունելության նյութական պայմաններ
Միջազգային պաշտպանության համար դիմողին ԵՄ
անդամ պետության կողմից տրամադրվող
կենսապահովումը
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
387
migrant
BG мигрант
CS migrant
Definition(s)
LT migrantas
In the global context, a person who moves away from
their place of usual residence, whether within a
country or across an international border, temporarily or
permanently, voluntarily or involuntarily, and for a variety
of reasons.
In the EU/EFTA context, a person who either:
(i) establishes their usual residence in the territory
of an EU/EFTA Member State for a period that is, or is
expected to be, of at least 12 months, having previously
been usually resident in another EU/EFTA Member State
or a third country; or
(ii) having previously been usually resident in the
territory of the EU/EFTA Member State, ceases to have
their usual residence in the EU/EFTA Member State for
a period that is, or is expected to be, of at least 12
months.
LV migrants
Source(s)
DE Migrant
EL μετανάστης
EN migrant
ES persona migrante
ET sisserändaja
FI siirtolainen/maahanmuuttaja
FR migrant
GA imirceach
HR migrant
HU migráns
IT migrante
MT Migrant/a
NL migrant
PL migrant
PT migrante
RO migrant
SK migrant
SL migrant
SV migrant
NO migrant
KA მიგრანტი
UK мігрант
HY
միգրանտ
General context: Derived by EMN from IOM Glossary on
Migration, 2019
EU/EFTA context: Derived by EMN from the definition
of the terms immigration in Art. 2(b) and emigration
in Art. 2(c) of Regulation (EC) No 862/2007 (Migration
Statistics Regulation) and
the term long-term migrant in the Glossary of the
UN Recommendations on Statistics of International
Migration, p. 94
Narrower term(s)
economic migrant
emigrant
environmental migrant
forced migrant
immigrant
long-term migrant
short-term migrant
Related term(s)
applicant for international protection
asylum seeker
displaced person
refugee
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
1. Framework Concepts on Migration (including root
causes of migration
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration
388
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
C
D
Note(s)
E
1.There is no universal accepted definition of migrant, nor is it defined
under international or EU law. Therefore, the definition of International
Organization of Migration (IOM) as the authority on all issues of
migration is used.
2. IOM defines migrant in the broadest way in its Glossary on Migration
2019 as an umbrella term encompassing international migration
(movement across an international border) and internal migration (as
movement within a country), covering all causes of migration (migration
because of political persecution, conflicts, economic problems,
environmental degradation or a combination of these reasons or
migration in search of better economic conditions or conditions of survival
or well-being, or other motives such as family reunification) and
different means (legal or irregular migration) and irrespective of the
duration.
3. In the EU/EFTA context, however, migration is understood as
international migration, the definition is based on the definition of the UN
recommendations on Statistics of International Migration which are
referred to in Regulation (EC) No 862/2007 (Migration Statistics
Regulation). The Migration Statistics Regulation differentiates
between immigration (Art. 2b) and emigration (Art. 2c) as well as
between immigrant (Art. 2f) and emigrant (Art. 2g).
4. Under the UN definition, those travelling for shorter periods as tourists
and business persons would not be considered migrants. However,
common usage includes certain kinds of short-term migrants such
as seasonal workers.
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
389
Migrant Integration
Policy Index (MIPEX)
BG Индекс за политиката на интеграция на
мигрантите (MIPEX)
Definition(s)
DE Index für die Integration von Migranten /
Integrationsindex für Migranten
A tool which measures policies to integrate migrants in
more than 50 countries across all continents, including
Europe with all EU Member States and several EU
associated countries.
EL Δείκτης Πολιτικής Ένταξης Μεταναστών (MIPEX)
Source(s)
CS Index integračních politik migrantů (MIPEX)
EN Migrant Integration Policy Index (MIPEX)
MIPEX-Website
ES Índice de Políticas de Integración de la Migración
(MIPEX)
Synonym(s)
ET sisserändajate integratsioonipoliitika indeks (MIPEX)
Broader term(s)
FI Maahanmuuttajien kotoutumisindeksi (MIPEX)
FR index des politiques d’intégration des migrants
(MIPEX)
GA Innéacs Beartas Imeasctha Imirceach
HR Indeks razvijenosti politika integracije migranata
(MIPEX)
HU Migráns Integrációs Szakpolitikai Index
IT
LT Migrantų integracijos politikos indeksas (MIPEX)
LV Migrantu integrācijas politikas indekss (MIPEX)
MT Indiċi tal-Integrazzjoni dwar il-Politika tal-Migrazzjoni
(MIPEX)
NL Migrant Policy Integration Index (MIPEX)
PL Indeks Polityki Integracji Migrantów (MIPEX)
PT Índice de Políticas de Integração de Migrantes
RO
SK Index politík integrácie migrantov / Index integračných
politík (MIPEX)
MIPEX
integration
Related term(s)
integration indicators
Zaragoza Declaration on Integration
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
9. Integration
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration
Note(s)
1.The MIPEX encompasses 167 policy indicators in eight different policy
areas (labour market mobility, family reunion, education, political
participation, long-term residence, access to nationality, anti-discrimination and health) which reflect the multi-dimensional picture of migrants’
opportunities to participate in society.
2.The MiPEX was first published in 2004 as the European Civic Citizenship
and Inclusion Index.
3. The index is a useful tool to evaluate and compare what governments
are doing to promote the integration of migrants in the host
countries analysed.
4. For more information, including the full list of participating countries,
see the website of MIPEX.
SL Indeks politike vključevanja migrantov (MIPEX)
SV det integrationspolitiska indexet MIPEX
NO MIPEX – en internasjonal integreringsindeks som
sammenligner og rangerer integreringspolitikk (b);
MIPEX – ein internasjonal integreringsindeks som
samanliknar og rangerer integreringspolitikk (n)
KA მიგრანტთა ინტეგრაციის პოლიტიკის ინდექსი
(MIPEX)
UK Індекс політики інтеграції іммігрантів (MIPEX)
HY
390
Միգրացիոն Ինտեգրման Քաղաքականության
Ցուցիչ
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
migrant stock
BG брой на мигрантите
CS počet imigrantů (stav k)
DE Anzahl der Einwanderer
EL μεταναστευτικό απόθεμα / απόθεμα πληθυσμού
μεταναστών
EN migrant stock
ES población inmigrante
ET sisserändajate arv
FI maahanmuuttajaväestön määrä
FR stock de migrants
GA lion na n-imirceach
HR broj migranata
HU migráns népességszám
IT stock di migranti
LT migrantų skaičius
LV migrantu skaits (1. janvārī)
MT Rendikont tal-migranti
C
D
Definition(s)
E
The number of migrants in a given area on a certain
date (e.g. 1 January or 31 December) of the year in
question.
F
Source(s)
Derived by EMN from Eurostat: Working Papers and
Studies (3/2003/E/no25)
G
Synonym(s)
H
immigrant population
stock of migrants
I
Broader term(s)
population stock
stock of foreigners
J
Related term(s)
K
Euro Voc Classification
L
foreign population of a country
2811 migration
M
NL migrant stock (no usual translation)
N
PL populacja migrantów w danym momencie
PT stock migratório
O
RO stoc de migranţi
SK stav migrantov
P
SL število migrantov
SV antal migranter
Q
NO antall registrert bosatte innvandrere (b); tal på
registrert busette innvandrarar (n)
R
KA მიგრანტთა ჯგუფი
UK чисельність мігрантів
HY
S
միգրանտների թվաքանակ
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
391
migrant worker
BG работник мигрант
CS pracovní migrant
Definition(s)
DE Arbeitsmigrant / Wanderarbeiter /
Wanderarbeitnehmer
A person who is to be engaged, is engaged or has been
engaged in a remunerated activity in a state of which
they are not nationals.
EL εργαζόμενος μετανάστης
Source(s)
EN migrant worker
ES trabajador migrante
ET võõrtöötaja
FI siirtotyöläinen
FR travailleur migrant
GA oibrí imirceach
HR radnik migrant
HU migráns munkavállaló
IT lavoratore migrante
LT migrantas darbuotojas
LV darba ņēmējs migrants
MT ħaddiem migrant
NL arbeidsmigrant / buitenlandse werknemer
PL pracownik migrujący
PT trabalhador migrante
RO lucrător migrant / muncitor migrant
Art. 2(1) of the UN Convention on the Protection of All
Migrant Workers and Members of their Families
Synonym(s)
foreign worker
labour migrant
Broader term(s)
economic migrant
Narrower term(s)
contract migrant worker
highly qualified migrant
Related term(s)
guest worker
labour migration
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
3.1 Migration for Economic Purposes
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration| 4406 employment
SK migrujúci pracovník / pracovný migrant
SL delavec migrant
SV migrantarbetare
NO arbeidsmigrant
KA შრომითი მიგრანტი
UK трудовий мігрант
HY
392
միգրանտ աշխատող
Note(s)
1. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
defines a migrant worker as ‘a foreigner admitted by the receiving state
for the specific purpose of exercising an economic activity remunerated
from within the receiving country. Their length of stay is usually restricted
as is the type of employment they can hold’.
2. For the purpose of the EMN the UN definition is prefered as it is more
common in literature and more comprehensive since it specifically
includes those migrant workers who may currently be out of work, but had
been working earlier. The Convention also includes self-employed workers.
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
393
migration
BG миграция
CS migrace
DE Migration
EL μετανάστευση
EN migration
ES migración
ET ränne
FI muuttoliike / maahanmuutto
FR migration
GA imirce
HR migracije
HU migráció
IT migrazione
LT migracija
LV migrācija
MT Migrazzjoni
Definition(s)
In the global context, movement of persons away
from their place of usual residence, either across an
international border or within a State, temporarily or
permanently, voluntarily or involuntarily, and for a variety
of reasons.
In the EU/EFTA context, the action by which a person
either:
(i) establishes their usual residence in the territory of
an EU/EFTA Member State for a period that is, or is
expected to be, of at least 12 months, having previously
been usually resident in another EU/EFTA Member State
or a third country; or
(ii) having previously been usually resident in the
territory of an EU/EFTA Member State, ceases to have
their usual residence in that EU/EFTA Member State
for a period that is, or is expected to be, of at least 12
months.
Source(s)
SV migration
Global context: Derived by EMN from IOM Glossary on
Migration, 2019
EU/EFTA context: Derived by EMN from the definition
of the terms ‘immigration’ in Art. 2(b) and ‘emigration’
in Art. 2(c) of Regulation (EC) No 862/2007 (Migration
Statistics Regulation) and
the term ‚long-term migrant’ in the Glossary of the
UN Recommendations on Statistics of International
Migration, p. 94
NO migrasjon
Narrower term(s)
NL migratie
PL migracja
PT migração
RO migraţie
SK migrácia
SL migracije
KA მიგრაცია
UK міграція
HY
միգրացիա
economic migration
emigration
forced migration
immigration
irregular migration
legal migration
long-term migration
Related term(s)
displacement
migrant
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
1. Framework Concepts on Migration (including root
causes of migration
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration
394
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
C
D
Note(s)
E
1. There is no universal accepted definition of migration, nor is it defined
under international or EU law. Therefore, the definition of the International Organization of Migration (IOM) as the authority on all issues of
migration is used.
2. The IOM defines migration in the broadest way in its Glossary on
Migration 2019 as an umbrella term, encompassing any kind of
movement of people, whatever its length, composition and causes. It
includes all forms of migration (international migration (movement across
an international border) and internal migra-tion (movement within a
country), voluntary/forced migration, long-term/short-term migration),
different motives for migration (migration because of political persecution,
conflicts, economic problems, environmental degradation or a combination
of these reasons or migration in search of better economic conditions or
conditions of survival or well-being, or other motives such as family
reunification) and irrespective of the means used to migrate (legal/
irregular migration).
3. In the EU/EFTA context, however, migration is understood as
international migration, the definition is based on the definition of the UN
recommendations on Statistics of International Migration which are
referred to in Regulation (EC) No 862/2007 (Migration Statistics
Regulation). The Migration Statistics Regulation differentiates
between immigration (Art. 2b) and emigration (Art. 2c). Under the UN,
the definition ‹movements for shorter periods› would not be considered
migration.
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
395
migration crisis
BG миграционна криза
CS migrační krize
DE Migrationskrise
EL μεταναστευτική κρίση
EN migration crisis
ES crisis migratoria
ET rändekriis
FI muuttoliikekriisi / maahanmuuttokriisi
FR crise migratoire
GA géarchéim imirce
HR migracijska kriza
HU migrációs válság
IT crisi migratoria
LT migracijos krizė
LV migrācijas krīze
MT Kriżi migratorja
NL migratiecrisis
PL kryzys migracyjny
PT crise migratória
RO criza mi-grațională
SK migračná kríza
SL migracijska kriza
SV migrationskris
NO migrasjonskrise
KA მიგრაციული კრიზისი
UK міграційна криза
HY
միգրացիոն ճգնաժամ
Definition(s)
In the EU context, a situation of crisis that is either
caused by
a) an exceptional situation of mass influx of thirdcountry nationals or stateless persons arriving in
an EU Member State or disembarked on its territory
following search and rescue (SAR) operations, being
of such a scale and nature, taking into account, inter
alia, the population, GDP and geographical specificities,
including the size of the territory of the EU Member
State concerned, that it renders the well-prepared EU
Member State’s asylum, reception or return system nonfunctional such that there may be serious consequences
for the functioning of the Common European Asylum
System (CEAS) of the Common Framework as set out in
the Asylum and Migration Management Regulation;
or
b) a situation of instrumentalisation where a third
country or non-state actor encourages or facilitates
the movement of third-country nationals and
stateless persons to the external EU borders or to
an EU Member State, with the aim of destabilising the
European Union or an EU Member State where such
actions are liable to put at risk essential functions of an
EU Member State, including the maintenance of law and
order or the safeguard of its national security.
Source(s)
Art. 1(2) of the Proposal for a Regulation addressing
situations of crisis and force majeure in the field of
migration and asylum - Council of the European Union:
Mandate for negotiations with the European Parliament,
4 October 2023
Related term(s)
migratory pressure
New Pact on Migration and Asylum
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
2.2 EU (e.g. Common European Asylum System,
Qualification Directive, European Agenda for Migration)
Euro Voc Classification
10 European Union| 1011 European Union law| 2811
migration
396
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
C
D
Note(s)
E
1. The New Pact on Migration and Asylum consists of a set of
legislative proposals, including the proposal for a Regulation addressing
situations of crisis and force majeure in the field of migration and asylum.
In a crisis situation or in cases of force majeure (e.g. pandemics, natural
disasters), EU Member States may be authorised by the Council to apply
special rules on asylum and return procedures, in accordance with the
principles of necessity and proportionality and in full respect
of fundamental rights. They may also request solidarity contributions, in
the form of:
the relocation of applicants or beneficiaries of international
protection from the EU Member State in a crisis situation to
contributing Member States
responsibility offsets, i.e. the supporting EU Member State would take
over the responsibility to examine applications for international
protection with a view to relieve the EU Member State that finds itself
in a crisis situation;
financial contributions or alternative solidarity measures.
2. The definition of migration crisis in the Proposal of the Crisis and Force
Majeure Regulation refers to two different crisis situations, it reflects the
current wording following negotiations in the Council of the European
Union and may therefore be subject to changes during the further
legislative process. It is provisional, which can also be seen in the fact that
the earlier version of the definition part (a) only referred to irregular
migration. The term has been included in the glossary because of its
importance for further discussions in order to be able to conduct these
discussions on a common basis.
3. The refugee crisis of 2015 (sometimes called the migrant crisis or the
migrant and refugee crisis) is mentioned in the proposal as one of the
drivers behind the need for new legislation. However, the term migration
crisis does not refer to the events of 2015, but aims at any forthcoming
crises.
4. There is no internationally or universally accepted definition of the term
migration crisis. The International Organization for Migration
(IOM) has developed a Migration Crisis Operational Framework (MCOF),
for more information see IOM: Addressing the mobility dimensions of
crisis.
IOM defines ‘migration crises’ in its Glossary on Migration 2019 as follows:
“the complex and often large-scale migration flows and mobility patterns
caused by a crisis which typically involve significant vulnerabilities for
individuals and affected communities and generate acute and longer-term
migration management challenges. A migration crisis may be sudden or
slow in onset, can have natural or man-made causes, and can take
place internally or across borders.”
5. In the EU context, the terms migration crisis and migratory
pressure both refer to situations involving a considerable increase in the
numbers of migrants arriving in an EU Member State. However, the
situations differ mainly
in the scale (a migration crisis is an “exceptional situation of mass
influx”›; migratory pressure refers to “a large number of arrivals or a risk
of such arrivals”) and
in the impact on the EU Member State and its migration authorities (a
migration crisis can render the national system “non-functional’ and
potentially affect the CEAS, whereas migratory pressure places a
“burden” on an EU Member State’s system to manage the situation). By
all accounts, a migration crisis is a situation of far more gravity than
migratory pressure and it can also be caused by instrumentalisation.
The classification as a migration crisis or migratory pressure will lead to
the application of different legal regimes.
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
397
migration flow
BG миграционен поток
CS migrační tok
DE Wanderungsbewegung / Migrationsbewegung
EL μεταναστευτική ροή
EN migration flow
ES flujo migratorio
ET rändevoog
FI muuttovirta
FR flux migratoire
GA sreabhadh imirce
HR migracijski tok
HU migrációs áramlás
IT flusso migratorio
LT migracijos srautas
LV migrācijas plūsma
Definition(s)
The number of migrants crossing a boundary, within
a specific time period, for the purpose of establishing
residence.
Source(s)
Developed by EMN
Synonym(s)
migratory flow
Related term(s)
crude rate of net migration
mixed migration flow
net migration
population stock
total migration
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
MT Nixxiegħa migratorja
1. Framework Concepts on Migration (including root
causes of migration
NL migratiestroom
Euro Voc Classification
PL strumień migracyjny
PT fluxo migratório
RO flux de migraţie
SK migračný tok
SL migracijski tok
SV migrationsströmmar
NO migrasjonsstrøm (b); migrasjonsstraum (n)
2811 migration
Note(s)
1. The boundary can range from within national borders, within the EU and
international boundaries, and can range from international migration flows
(crossing national borders) and internal migration flows (within the same
national border).
2. UN statistics in particular also refer to ‘inflows’ (flow of migrants
entering into a particular boundary) and ‘outflows’ (flow of migrants
leaving a particular boundary).
KA მიგრაციული ნაკადი
UK міграційний потік
HY
398
միգրացիոն հոսք
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
migration management
support team
BG екип за подкрепа при управлението на
миграцията
A
B
C
D
Definition(s)
ES equipo de apoyo a la gestión de la migración
Team of experts which provides technical and
operational reinforcement to EU Member States
at hotspot areas and which is composed of experts
deployed from EU Member States by the European
Border and Coast Guard Agency (Frontex) and by
the European Union Agency for Asylum (EUAA),
the European Union Agency for Law Enforcement
Cooperation (Europol) or other relevant EU agencies.
ET rände haldamise tugirühm
Source(s)
CS podpůrný tým pro řízení migrace
DE Team zur Unterstützung der Migrationsverwaltung
EL ομάδα στήριξης για τη διαχείριση των
μεταναστευτικών ροών
EN migration management support team
FI maahanmuuton hallinnan tukitiimi
FR équipe d’appui à la gestion des flux migratoires
GA Foireann Tacaíochta do Bhainistiú na hImirce
HU Migrációkezelést Támogató Csapat
IT Squadra di sostegno per la gestione della migrazione
LT migracijos valdymo rėmimo grupė
LV migrācijas pārvaldības atbalsta vienība
J
Narrower term(s)
K
Euro Voc Classification
L
hotspot area
M
National experts (deployed by the agencies) can also be part of the team.
The composition and expertise of the Support Teams are tailor-made to
the specific situation and needs at the hotspot.
PL Zespół ds. Wsparcia Zadządzania Migracjami
PT equipa de apoio à gestão dos fluxos migratórios
RO echipă de sprijin pentru gestionarea migrației
N
O
P
SK podporný tím pre riadenie migrácie
SL Podporna skupina za upravljanje migracij
Q
SV stödgrupp för migrationshantering
NO støttegruppe for arbeid med innvandringsregulering
R
KA მიგრაციის მართვის მხარდაჭერის ჯგუფი
UK команда підтримки управління міграцією
HY
H
Broader term(s)
Note(s)
NL ondersteuningsteam voor migratiebeheer
G
I
1011 European Union law| 2811 migration
MT Tim ta’ appoġġ għall-immaniġjar tal-migrazzjoni
F
Art. 2(19) of Regulation (EU) No 2019/1896 (European
Border and Coast Guard Regulation)
hotspot approach
HR tim za pružanje potpore upravljanju migracijama
E
S
միգրացիայի կառավարման աջակցող թիմ
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
399
Migration Preparedness
and Crisis Blueprint
BG подробен план за подготвеност и кризи в
областта на миграцията
CS plán pro připravenost na migraci a pro migrační krize
DE Vorsorge- und Krisenplan für Migration
EL Σχέδιο στρατηγικής για την ετοιμότητα αντιμετώπισης
και τη διαχείριση μεταναστευτικών κρίσεων
EN Migration Preparedness and Crisis Blueprint
ES Plan Rector de Preparación y Gestión de Crisis
Migratorias
MT Tlestija għall-Migrazzjoni u Pjan Iddettaljat
għall-Kriżijiet / Blueprint dwar it-Tħejjija għallMigrazzjoni u l-Ġestjoni tal-Kriżijiet tal-Migrazzjoni
NL Blauwdruk paraatheid en crisisbeheer in verband met
migratie
PL Migration Preparedness and Crisis Blueprint
PT Plano de preparação para a migração e gestão de
crises
ET rändevaldkonna valmisoleku- ja kriisikava
RO Planul de pregătire în materie de migrație și de criză /
Planul de acțiune în vederea pregătirii pentru situații
de criză legate de migrație și a gestionării acestora
FI muuttoliikettä koskeva varautumis- ja
kriisisuunnitelma
SK Koncepcia pripravenosti a krízového riadenia v oblasti
migrácie
FR Plan de préparation et de gestion de crise en matière
de migration
SL načrt za pripravljenost na migracije in migracijske
krize
GA an Treoirphlean um Ullmhachta agus
Géarchéimeanna Imirce
HR Plan za pripravnost i upravljanje krizama u području
migracija
HU migrációs felkészültségi és válságkezelési terv
IT Programma di preparazione e di risposta alle crisi
LT Migracinės parengties ir migracijos krizių valdymo
planas
LV Migrācijas sagatavotības un krīzes plāns
400
SV beredskaps-och krisplan för migration
NO Beredskapsplan for økte ankomster og andre
ekstraordinære hendelser (b); Beredskapsplan for
auka innkomstar og andre ekstraordinære hendingar
(n)
KA მიგრაციული პროცესებისთვის მზადყოფნისა
და კრიზისულ ვითარებაში კოორდინაციის
მექანიზმი
UK План готовності до міграції та кризових ситуацій
HY
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
միգրացիոն ճգնաժամերի պատրաստվածության և
կառավարման ծրագիր
A
B
C
Definition(s)
Operational framework for monitoring and
anticipating migration flows and migration situations,
building resilience as well as organising a coordinated
response to a migration crisis.
Source(s)
Recital 11 of European Commission: Recommendation
(EU) 2020/1366 on an EU mechanism forpreparedness
and management of crises related to migration
(Migration Preparedness and Crisis Blueprint
Recommendation)
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
2.2 EU (e.g. Common European Asylum System,
Qualification Directive, European Agenda for Migration)|
14. Factors and Impacts of Migration
Euro Voc Classification
10 European Union| 2811 migration
D
Note(s)
1.The Migration Preparedness and Crisis Blueprint aims at developing an
early warning and forecasting system at the EU level, which is expected to
enable enhanced preparedness, effective governance and timely response
to migration situations.
2. The European Commission established the Migration Preparedness and
Crisis Blueprint Network, a soft law instrument to support the EU’s
emergency and crisis response. The Blueprint is complementary to other
EU crisis management mechanisms, such as the EU Civil Protection
Mechanism and the Integrated Politi-cal Crisis Response (IPCR)
arrangements. It is managed by DG Migration and Home Affairs and
serves to monitor, collect, and disseminate vital information to inform
subsequent crisis responses.
3. The Migration Preparedness and Crisis Blueprint functions in two
stages:
Stage 1: Monitoring and Preparedness: The objective of this stage is to
support a more coordinated use of the existing legislation by reinforcing
and sharing common situational awareness between all actors involved,
developing an early warning/forecasting system at EU level and
supporting the development of the necessary resilience in EU Member
States to efficiently deal with any type of migration crisis.
Stage 2: Crisis management: The objective of this stage is to support a
rapid, efficient and coordinated EU response to a migration crisis by
providing timely and up-to-date information to the EU decision-makers
on the unfolding operational situation as well as by supporting
monitoring, coordination on the ground, and communication at technical
level between all actors.
4. Actors involved in the implementation of the two stages are:
EU Member States and their liaison officers,
Council,
European Commission, including the staff posted in the field and in the
EU Delega-tions as well as the European Migration Liaison Officers
(EMLOs),
European External Action Service including the EU Delegations, relevant
Common Security and Defence Policy missions and operations,
EU Agencies (EUAA, Frontex, Europol, eu-LISA and FRA) including their
liaison officers.
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
401
migration profile
BG миграционен профил
CS migrační profil
DE Migrationsprofil
EL μεταναστευτικό προφίλ / προφίλ μετανάστευσης
EN migration profile
ES perfil migratorio
Definition(s)
A tool to bring together and analyse all the relevant
information needed to develop policy in the field
of migration and development and to monitor the
impact of policies implemented.
Source(s)
FI muuttoprofiili
Annex I, 2 (glossary) to the European Commission
Communication applying the Global Approach to
Migration, COM(2007) 247 final
FR profil migratoire
Broader term(s)
ET rändeprofiil
GA próifíl imirce
Global Approach to Migration and Mobility (GAMM)
HR migracijski profil
Related term(s)
HU migrációs profil
IT profilo migratorio
LT migracijos profilis
LV migrācijas profils
MT Profil migratorju
NL migratieprofiel
PL profil migracyjny
PT perfil migratório
RO profil de migraţie
SK migračný profil
SL migracijski profil
SV migrationsprofil
NO migrasjonsprofil
KA მიგრაციის პროფილი
UK міграційний профіль
HY
402
միգրացիոն պրոֆիլ
Cooperation Platform on Migration and Development
Global Forum on Migration and Development (GFMD)
mobility partnership
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
15. Migration and Development
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration
Note(s)
1. Migration profiles are reports on the migration situation of a country for
the purpose of increasing the evidence-base for their own policy
development. Such reports contain data and analysis on current migration
patterns, labour market trends, remittance flows, information on diasporas
and other development-related data.
2. Migration profiles have been produced by IOM and by CARIM
(Consortium for Applied Research on International Migration) amongst
other organisations. For more information see the description of migration
profiles on the IOM website.
3. The Global Forum on Migration and Development also hosts a
repository of migration profiles. .
4. Migration profiles entail an analysis of the policy and practice of a state
and not that of a person. In this vein, the concept should not be confused
with the profiling of a ‘person’.
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
migration route
BG миграционен път
CS migrační trasa
DE Migrationsroute
EL μεταναστευτική οδός
EN migration route
ES ruta migratoria
ET rändetee
FI maahanmuuttoreitti
C
The geographic route along
which migrants and refugees move via hubs in transit
areas from their country of origin to their country of
destination, often travelling in mixed migration flows.
E
Source(s)
G
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
H
Derived by EMN from ICMPD
FR route migratoire
1. Framework Concepts on Migration (including root
causes of migration
GA bealach imirce
Euro Voc Classification
HR migracijska ruta
D
Definition(s)
I
2811 migration
J
HU migrációs útvonal
IT rotta migratoria
K
LT migracijos maršrutas
L
LV migrācijas ceļš
MT rotta migratorja
M
NL migratieroute
PL szlak migracyjny
N
PT rota migratória
RO rută migratorie / rută de migrație
O
SK migračná trasa
SL migracijska pot
P
SV migrationsrutt
NO reiserute ved migrasjon
Q
KA მიგრაციის მარშრუტი
R
UK шлях міграції
HY
F
միգրացիոն ուղի
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
403
migration routes initiative
BG Инициатива за миграционни маршрути
CS iniciativa migračních tras
DE Migrationsrouten-Initiative
EL πρωτοβουλία μεταναστευτικών οδών
EN migration routes initiative
ES iniciativa de rutas migratorias
ET rändeteede meede
FI muuttoreittejä koskeva aloite
FR initiative relative aux routes migratoires
GA Tionscnamh um Bhealaí Imirce
HR inicijativa na migracijskoj ruti
HU migrációs útvonalak kezdeményezés
IT Iniziativa Rotte migratorie
LT Migracijos maršrutų iniciatyva
LV migrācijas ceļu iniciatīva
MT Inizzjattiva fir-rigward tar-rotot migratorji
NL migratieroutes initiatief
PL Inicjatywa ds. Szlaków Migracyjnych
PT iniciativa sobre rotas migratórias
RO iniţiativa cu privire la rutele de migraţie / inițiativa
privind rutele migratorii
Definition(s)
An initiative by which work along the main migration
routes through a particular region and towards the EU is
identified and which takes into account the need to work
in close collaboration with the third countries along
these routes.
Source(s)
Annex I, 2 (glossary) to the European Commission
Communication applying the Global Approach to
Migration, COM(2007) 247 final
Broader term(s)
Global Approach to Migration and Mobility (GAMM)
migration route
Related term(s)
Cooperation Platform on Migration and Development
migration profile
mobility partnership
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
1. Framework Concepts on Migration (including root
causes of migration| 15.1 EU External dimension of
migration and mobility
Euro Voc Classification
10 European Union| 2811 migration
SK iniciatíva migračných trás
SL pobuda glede migracijskih poti
SV migration routes initiative
NO initiativ i tilknytning til migrasjonsruter (b); initiativ i
tilknyting til migrasjonsruter (n)
KA მიგრაციის მარშრუტების ინიციატივა
UK ініціатива зі шляхів міграції
HY
404
միգրացիոն ուղիների նախաձեռնություն
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
Migration, Asylum, Refugees
Regional Initiative (MARRI)
BG Регионална инициатива по миграция, убежище и
бежанци
CS Regionální iniciativa pro migraci, azyl a uprchlíky
DE Regionale Migrations-, Asyl- und Flüchtlingsinitiative
EL Περιφερειακή Πρωτοβουλία για τη Μετανάστευση, το
Άσυλο και τους Πρόσφυγες
EN Migration, Asylum, Refugees Regional Initiative
(MARRI)
ES iniciativa regional para la migración, el asilo y los
refugiados
A
B
C
D
Definition(s)
An initiative forming part of the South-East European
Cooperation Process, which aims to enhance regional
cooperation in the field of migration by promoting a
comprehensive, integrated, and coherent approach to
the issues of migration, asylum, border management,
visa policies and consular cooperation, refugee return
and settlement in order to meet international and
European standards.
Source(s)
ET rände, varjupaiga ja pagulaste regionaalne algatus
FI maahanmuuttoa, turvapaikkaa ja pakolaisia koskeva
alueellinen aloite
FR initiative régionale en matière de migration, d’asile et
de réfugiés
J
Related term(s)
K
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
L
Euro Voc Classification
M
MARRI
15.1 EU External dimension of migration and mobility
HU Migrációs és Menekültügyi Regionális
Kezdeményezés
2811 migration| 7611 European Organisations
N
Note(s)
LV Migrācijas, patvēruma un bēgļu reģionālā iniciatīva
NL Regionaal Migratie-, Asiel- en Vluchtelingeninitiatief
PL Regionalna Inicjatywa w sprawach Migracji, Azylu i
Uchodźstwa
PT Iniciativa Regional sobre Migração, Asilo e Refugiados
RO Iniţiativa regională cu privire la migraţaie, azil şi
refugiaţi
1. MARRI was formed in 2003 within the context of the Stability Pact for
South Eastern Europe by merging the Regional Return Initiative (RRI) and
the Migration and Asylum Initiative (MAI). Since 2004, MARRI has
functioned through two mechanisms:
the MARRI Regional Forum, which provides political and framework
support to the Initiative, and
the MARRI Regional Centre in Skopje, which carries out practical
cooperation and activities of MARRI and supports the implementation
of the decisions reached by the Regional Forum.
2. MARRI’s top priority is the enhancement of regional cooperation in its
fields of activities among countries in the region, as a vital part of the EU
integration process and in line with the Thessaloniki Agenda for the
Western Balkans.
3. For more information, see the website of MARRI.
P
Q
R
S
U
SL Regionalna pobuda za migracije, azil in begunce
V
SV regionala initiativet för migration, asyl och flyktingar
NO regionalt initiativ for asyl og flyktninger for VestBalkan (b); regionalt initiativ for asyl og flyktningar for
Vest-Balkan (n)
W
KA რეგიონული ინიციატივა მიგრაციის,
X
თავშესაფრისა და ლტოლვილთა საკითხებზე
(MARRI)
Y
UK Регіональна ініціатива з питань міграції, притулку,
біженців (MARRI)
Z
Միգրացիայի, ապաստանի, փախստականների
տարածաշրջանային նախաձեռնություն
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
O
T
SK Regionálna iniciatíva pre migráciu, azyl a utečencov
(MARRI)
HY
H
Synonym(s)
HR Regionalna inicijativa za migracije, azil i izbjeglice
(MARRI)
MT Inizzjattiva Reġjonali dwar il-Migrazzjoni, l-Ażil, u
r-Rifuġjati
G
I
Global Approach to Migration and Mobility (GAMM)
LT Migracijos, prieglobsčio ir pabėgėlių regioninė
iniciatyva
F
Website of Migration, Asylum, Refugees Regional
Initiative (MARRI)
GA Tionscnamh Réigiúnach um Imirce, Tearmann &
Dídeanaithe
IT Iniziativa Regionale Migrazione, Asilo, Rifugiati
E
405
migratory pressure
BG миграционен натиск
CS migrační tlak
DE Migrationsdruck
EL μεταναστευτική πίεση
EN migratory pressure
ES presión migratoria
ET rändesurve
FI muuttopaine
FR pression migratoire
GA brú imirce
Definition(s)
A situation where there is a large number of arrivals
of third-country nationals or stateless persons, or
a risk of such arrivals, including where this stems from
arrivals following search and rescue (SAR) operations,
as a result of the geographical location of an EU
Member State and the specific developments in third
countries which generate migratory movements that
place a burden even on well-prepared asylum and
reception systems and requires immediate action.
Source(s)
HR migracijski pritisak
Art. 2(w) of the proposed Regulation on Asylum and
Migration Management, COM(2020) 610 final
HU migrációs nyomás
Related term(s)
LT migracijos spaudimas
migration crisis
New Pact on Migration and Asylum
LV migrācijas spiediens
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
IT pressione migratoria
MT Pressjoni migratorja
NL migratiedruk
PL presja migracyjna
PT pressão migratória
2.2 EU (e.g. Common European Asylum System,
Qualification Directive, European Agenda for Migration)
Euro Voc Classification
10 European Union| 1011 European Union law| 2811
migration
RO presiune migratorie
SK migračný tlak
SL migracijski pritisk
SV migrationstryck
NO migrasjonspress
KA მიგრაციის (ნაკად(ებ)ით გამოწვეული) ზეწოლა
UK міграційний тиск
HY
406
միգրացիոն ճնշում
Note(s)
1. The New Pact on Migration and Asylum was presented together with
a set of legislative proposals, including the proposal for an Asylum and
Migration Management Regulation.
2. The definition is provisional as the source is the Proposal for the Asylum
and Migration Management Regulation. This definition may change in
accordance with the further legislative process. It is included in the
Glossary because of its importance for further discussions in order to be
able to conduct these discussions on a common basis.
3. There is no internationally or universally accepted definition of
migratory pressure. Migratory pressure can be seen from the point of view
of the country or region of origin but also from the point of view of the
destination, transit or host country or region.
4. In the EU context, the terms migration crisis and migratory pressure
both refer to situations involving a considerable increase in the numbers
of migrants arriving in an EU Member State. However, the situations
differ mainly
in the scale (a migration crisis is an “exceptional situation of mass
influx; migratory pressure refers to “a large number of arrivals or a risk
of such arrivals”) and
in the impact on the EU Member State and its migration authorities (a
migration crisis can render the national system “non-functional” and
potentially affect the CEAS, whereas migratory pressure places a
“burden” on an EU Member State’s system to manage the situation).
By all accounts, a migration crisis is a situation of far more gravity than
migratory pressure and it can also be caused by instrumentalisation. The
classification as a migration crisis or migratory pressure will lead to the
application of different legal regimes.
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
minimum standards
BG минимални стандарти
CS minimální normy
DE Minimumstandards
EL ελάχιστες προδιαγραφές
EN minimum standards
ES normas mínimas
ET miinimumnõuded
In an asylum context, a number of principles in
relation to procedures for international protection,
to reception conditions, and to the refugee definition
established by the Treaty of Amsterdam from which EU
Member States cannot derogate.
Source(s)
Derived by EMN from Art. 63 of the Treaty of
Amsterdam
FR normes minimales
Related term(s)
GA íoschaighdeáin
Common European Asylum System (CEAS)
HR minimalni standardi
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
LT būtiniausi reikalavimai
4.4 Reception and Accommodation of Applicants for
international protection and other refugees| 6.2
Procedure for international protection/Refugee status
determination
LV minimālie standarti
Euro Voc Classification
IT norme minime
MT Livelli standard minimi
D
Definition(s)
FI vähimmäisvaatimukset
HU minimumszabályok
C
PT normas mínimas
RO standarde minime
SK minimálne pravidlá / minimálne štandardy
G
I
J
K
L
1011 European Union law| 2811 migration
M
Note(s)
In the Tampere Agreement, and then reaffirmed by the Hague Programme,
EU Member States agreed to go beyond minimum standards and develop
a Common European Asylum System (CEAS) based on a common asylum
procedure and a uniform status for those who are granted international
protection.
SL minimalni standardi
N
O
P
SV miniminormer
NO minimumsstandard
Q
KA მინიმალური სტანდარტები
R
UK мінімальні стандарти
HY
F
H
NL minimumnormen
PL minimalne standardy
E
նվազագույն չափանիշներ
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
407
minor
BG непълнолетно лице
CS nezletilý
DE Minderjähriger
EL ανήλικος
EN minor
ES menor
ET alaealine
FI alaikäinen
FR mineur
GA mionaoiseach
HR maloljetnik
HU kiskorú
Definition(s)
In a legal context and in contrast to a child, a person
who, according to the law of their respective country, is
under the age of majority, i.e. is not yet entitled to
exercise specific civil and political rights.
Source(s)
UNHCR International Thesaurus of Refugee Terminology
Related term(s)
adult
age assessment
child
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
IT minore/minorenne
14.3 Social factors and impacts (such as changes in
demographics, age, education level, diversity)
LT nepilnametis
Euro Voc Classification
LV nepilngadīgais
MT Minorenni
NL minderjarige
PL małoletni
PT menor
RO minor
SK maloletý
SL mladoletnik
SV underårig
2816 demography and population
Note(s)
1. This is the preferred term to use when referring to an individual. The
term ‘child’ should then be used to describe the relationship with other
family members.
2. The age specified by law, called the ‘legal age of majority’, indicates
that a person acquires full legal capacity to be bound by various
documents, such as contracts and deeds, that they make with others and
to commit other legal acts such as voting in elections and entering
marriage. The age at which a person becomes an adult varies from State
to State and often varies within a State, depending upon the nature of the
action taken by the person.
NO mindreårig
KA არასრულწლოვანი
UK неповнолітній
HY
408
անչափահաս
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
minority
BG малцинство
CS menšina
C
ES minoría
A non-dominant group which is usually numerically
less than the majority population of a State or
region regarding their ethnic, religious or linguistic
characteristics and who (if only implicitly) maintain
solidarity with their own culture, traditions, religion or
language.
ET vähemus
Source(s)
DE Minderheit
EL μειονότητα
EN minority
D
Definition(s)
E
F
G
FI vähemmistö
Derived by EMN from IOM Glossary on Migration, 2019.
FR minorité
Narrower term(s)
HR manjina
ethnic minority
national minority
HU kissebbség
Related term(s)
GA mionlach
IT minoranza
LT mažuma
LV minoritāte
MT Minoranza / F’minoranza
NL minderheid
PL mniejszość
PT minoria
RO minoritate
SK menšina
I
J
ethnic nationality
K
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
1. Framework Concepts on Migration (including root
causes of migration| 14.1 Political factors and impacts
(such as political stability, political climate, public
discourse, partly overlap with class 2)| 14.3 Social
factors and impacts (such as changes in demographics,
age, education level, diversity)
Euro Voc Classification
NO minoritet
KA უმცირესობა
UK меншина
HY
փոքրամասնություն
L
M
N
O
04 Politics| 1236 rights and freedoms| 28 Social
Questions
SL manjšina
SV minoritet
H
P
Note(s)
1. There is still no universally accepted definition of minority in
international law, although a variety of international documents have
attempted to define the concept of a minority. See, for example, Art. 27 of
the 1966 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) .
2. This definition has been added because of its relevance to international
protection and integration-related aspects.
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
409
mixed migration flow
BG смесен миграционен поток
CS smíšený migrační tok
DE gemischte Wanderungsbewegung / gemischte
Migrationsbewegung
EL μεικτές μεταναστευτικές ροές
EN mixed migration flow
ES flujo migratorio mixto
ET segarändevoog (no usual translation)
FI erilaisista ryhmistä koostuva muuttovirta
FR flux migratoire mixte
GA sreabhadh imirce measctha
Definition(s)
Complex migratory population movement
including refugees, asylum seekers, economic
migrants and other types of migrants as opposed to
migratory population movements that consist entirely of
one category of migrants.
Source(s)
Developed by EMN
Related term(s)
migration flow
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
HR mješani migracijski tok
1. Framework Concepts on Migration (including root
causes of migration
HU vegyes migrációs áramlás
Euro Voc Classification
IT flusso migratorio misto
2811 migration
LT mišrūs migracijos srautai
LV jauktas migrācijas plūsma
MT Fluss migratorju mħallat / Nixxiegħa migratorja
mħallta
NL gemengde migratiestroom
Note(s)
1. The International Organization for Migration (IOM) uses the term
mixed movements (mixed migration or mixed flows) with the following
definition: A movement in which a number of people are travelling
together, generally in an irregular manner, using the same routes and
means of transport, but for different reasons.
PL mieszane przepływy migracyjne
PT fluxo migratório misto
RO flux de migraţie mixtă
SK zmiešané migračné toky
SL mešani migracijski tok
SV blandade migrationsströmmar
NO blandet migrasjonsstrøm (b); blanda
migrasjonsstraum (n)
KA შერეული მიგრაციული ნაკადი
UK змішаний міграційний потік
HY
410
միգրացիայի խառը հոսքեր
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
mobility partnership
BG Партньорство за мобилност
CS partnerství pro mobilitu
EL σύμπραξη κινητικότητας
EN mobility partnership
ES asociación de movilidad
ET rändepartnerlus
FI liikkuvuuskumppanuus
A cooperation arrangement, on the basis of political
declarations, that provides the bilateral framework
for dialogue and practical cooperation to address
relevant migration and mobility issues of mutual
concern primarily with EU neighbourhood countries,
including short and long-term mobility, on a voluntary
basis.
E
Source(s)
H
Council Conclusions (No 42) on the Global Approach of
Migration and Mobility of 29 May 2012
FR partenariat pour la mobilité
GA comhpháirtíocht soghluaisteachta
Synonym(s)
HR partnerstvo za mobilnost
Related term(s)
IT partenariato per la mobilità
NL mobiliteitspartnerschap
circular migration
Cooperation Platform on Migration and Development
Global Approach to Migration and Mobility (GAMM)
migration profile
readmission agreement
PL Partnerstwo na rzecz Mobilności
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
LT judumo partnerystė
LV mobilitātes partnerība
MT Sħubija għall-mobbilita’
PT parcerias para a mobilidade
15.1 EU External dimension of migration and mobility
RO parteneriat pentru mobilitate
Euro Voc Classification
SK partnerstvo v oblasti mobility / mobilitné partnerstvo
NO mobilitetspartnerskap (b); mobilitetspartnarskap (n)
KA პარტნიორობა მობილობისთვის
UK партнерство з мобільності
HY
շարժունակության շուրջ համագործակցություն
F
G
I
J
MP
HU mobilitási partnerség
SV partnerskap för rörlighet
D
Definition(s)
DE Mobilitätspartnerschaft
SL partnerstvo za mobilnost
C
K
L
M
N
10 European Union| 2811 migration
O
Note(s)
P
1. Mobility partnerships (MPs) are an important tool of the EU’s Global
Approach to Migration and Mobility (GAMM), providing the overall
framework for managing various forms of legal movement between the
EU and third countries. Such partnerships are agreed with those third
countries that have in place effective mechanisms for readmission of irregular migrants.
2. For further information on the Global Approach to Migration and
Mobility and on mobility partnerships, see the website of DG HOME.
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
411
multiculturalism
BG мултикултурализъм
CS multikulturalismus
Definition(s)
ES multiculturalismo
A policy that endorses the principle of cultural
diversity and supports the right of different cultural
and ethnic groups to retain distinctive cultural identities
ensuring their equitable access to society, encompassing
constitutional principles and commonly shared values
prevailing in the society.
ET multikultuursus
Source(s)
DE Multikulturalismus
EL πολυπολιτισμικότητα
EN multiculturalism
FI monikulttuurisuus
FR multiculturalisme
GA ilchultúrthacht
HR multikulturalizam
HU multikulturalizmus
IT multiculturalismo
LT multikultūriškumas
LV multikulturālisms
MT Multikulturaliżmu
NL multiculturalisme
PL wielokulturowość
PT multiculturalismo
RO multiculturalism
SK multikulturalizmus
SL multikulturalizem
SV multikulturalism
NO multikulturalisme
KA კულტურული მრავალფეროვნების დაცვის
პოლიტიკა/მულტიკულტურალიზმი
UK мультикультуралізм
HY
412
բազմամշակութայնություն
Derived by EMN from the FRA (EUMC) Open Glossary (no
longer available online)
Synonym(s)
interculturalism
Related term(s)
cultural diversity
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
14.3 Social factors and impacts (such as changes in
demographics, age, education level, diversity)
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration
Note(s)
1. The term was first used in 1957 to describe CH, but came into common
currency in Canada in the late 1960s. It quickly spread to other
English-speaking countries.
2. There is no universally accepted definition of multiculturalism,
multiculturalism can refer to different concepts: demographic facts,
philosophical or political ideas and values.
3. Multiculturalism emphasises cultural differences and different cultures
existing next to each other without necessarily much contact or
participative interaction.
4. The model of multiculturalism has often been criticised on different
grounds. Critics of multiculturalism question the ideal of the maintenance
of distinct ethnic cultures within a state; others argue that policies of
multiculturalism have failed to create inclusion of different cultures within
society, but instead have divided society by legitimising segregated
separate communities that have isolated themselves and accentuated
their specificity.
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
mutual information mechanism
BG Механизъм за взаимно информиране
CS mechanismus vzájemné výměny informací
E
A mechanism for the mutual exchange of information
concerning national measures in the areas
of asylum and immigration that are likely to have a
significant impact on several EU Member States or on
the European Union as a whole.
EL μηχανισμός αμοιβαίας πληροφόρησης
EN mutual information mechanism
ES Mecanismo de Información Mutua
F
G
Source(s)
ET vastastikune teabesüsteem
FI keskinäinen tiedottamisjärjestelmä
Art. 1 of Council Decision 2006/688/EC (Mutual
Information Mechanism Decision)
FR mécanisme d’information mutuelle
Synonym(s)
H
MIM
mutual information mechanism concerning Member
States’ measures in the area of asylum and immigration
GA Sásra um Fhaisnéis Fhrithpháirteach
HR Zajednički mehanizam informiranja
HU kölcsönös tájékoztatási mechanizmus
Related term(s)
IT Meccanismo di Informazione Reciproca
LV savstarpējās informācijas apmaiņas mehānisms
NL wederzijdse Informatiemechanisme
PL Mechanizm Wymiany Informacji
PT mecanismo de informação mútua
RO mecanismul de informare mutuală / mecanismul de
informare reciprocă
14.1 Political factors and impacts (such as political
stability, political climate, public discourse, partly overlap
with class 2)
M
Euro Voc Classification
N
10 European Union| 2811 migration
O
Note(s)
The mechanism also allows for the preparation of exchanges of views and
debates on such measures.
SV system för ömsesidigt informationsutbyte
P
Q
NO Ordning for gjensidig informasjonsutveksling
KA ინფორმაციის ურთიერთგაცვლის მექანიზმი
R
UK механізм взаємообміну інформацією
HY
J
L
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
MT Mekkaniżmu għal Informazzjoni Reċiproka
I
K
Information and Coordination Network for Member
States’ Migration Management Services (ICONet)
LT Tarpusavio keitimosi informacija mechanizmas
SL mehanizem vzajemnega obveščanja
D
Definition(s)
DE Mechanismus zur gegenseitigen Information
SK mechanizmus vzájomnej výmeny informácií
C
S
փոխադարձ տեղեկատվական մեխանիզմ
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
413
mutual recognition agreement
BG споразумение за взаимно признаване
CS smlouva o vzájemném uznávání rovnocennosti
dokladů o vzdělání
DE gegenseitige Anerkennungsvereinbarung
EL συμφωνία αμοιβαίας αναγνώρισης
EN mutual recognition agreement
ES acuerdo de reconocimiento mutuo
ET vastastikuse tunnustamise leping
FI sopimus vastavuoroisesta tunnustamisesta
FR accord de reconnaissance mutuelle
GA comhaontú maidir le haitheantas frithpháirteach
HR sporazum o uzajamnom priznavanju
HU kölcsönös elismerési megállapodás
IT accordo di reciproco riconoscimento
LT susitarimas dėl abipusio pripažinimo
LV savstarpējas atzīšanas līgums
MT Ftehim għar-rikonoxximent reċiproku
Definition(s)
Agreements on the recognition of foreign qualifications
negotiated by governments and professional
organisations in several countries by setting out clear
rules for licensing or certifying migrant professionals who
move between signatory countries in order to reduce, or
even eliminate, the need for case-by-case assessments
when applicants have been trained in systems conferring
essentially comparable skills and knowledge.
Source(s)
Migration Policy Institute: Skilled Immigrants in the
Global Economy: Prospects for International Cooperation
on Recognition of Foreign Qualifications, 2013
Synonym(s)
MRA
Related term(s)
highly qualified migrant
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
PT acordo de reconhecimento mútuo
8.2 Access to employment| 14.2 Economic factors and
impacts (such as brain drain/gain, employment/
unemployment, labour market, economic growth,
dumping)| 14.3 Social factors and impacts (such as
changes in demographics, age, education level, diversity)
RO acord de recunoaştere mutuală
Euro Voc Classification
NL overeenkomst inzake wederzijdse erkenning
PL umowa o wzajemnym uznaniu kwalifikacji
SK dohoda o vzájomnom uznávaní rovnocennosti
dokladov o vzdelaní
SL sporazum o vzajemnem priznavanju
SV avtal om ömsesidigt erkännande av kvalifikationer
NO avtale om gjensidig godkjenning
KA ურთიერთაღიარების შეთანხმება
UK договір про взаємне визнання
HY
414
փոխադարձ ճանաչման համաձայնագիր
3206 education
Note(s)
1. MRAs can lessen barriers migrant professionals face when transferring
their skills and experience across borders and help governments to
recognise professional qualifications from other jurisdictions. They come in
several different forms with major variations in the scope of the
agreement and the benefits they provide to the applicant (automatic,
partial or limited-scope recognition, temporary access).
2. The furthest-reaching and most comprehensive system is the EU’s
system outlined in Council Directive 2005/36/EC (Professional
Qualification Directive) which covers all regulated occupations in all EU
Member States and reduces regulatory authorities’ discretion to reject
applicants that fall under its purview.
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
National Contact Points
on Integration
BG Национални точки за контакт по интеграция
CS národní kontaktní body pro integraci
EL Εθνικά Σημεία Επαφής για την Ένταξη
EN National Contact Points on Integration
ES puntos de contacto nacional de integración
ET integratsiooni riiklikud kontaktpunktid
FI Kotouttamisasioiden kansalliset yhteyspisteet
FR Points de contact nationaux en matière d’intégration
GA Pointí Teagmhála Náisiúnta le haghaidh Imeascadh
HU integrációs nemzeti kapcsolattartó pontok
IT Punti di contatto nazionali sull’integrazione
LT Nacionalinis integracijos informacijos centras
LV nacionālie integrācijas kontaktpunkti
MT Punti ta’ Kuntatt Nazzjonali fuq l-Integrazzjoni
NL nationale contactpunten voor integratie
PL Krajowe punkty kontaktowe ds. Integracji
PT Pontos de Contacto Nacionais de Integração
RO punctele naţionale de contact pentru integrare
SK národné kontaktné body pre integráciu
SL Nacionalne kontaktne točke za integracijo
SV nationella kontaktpunkter på integrationsområdet
NO nasjonale kontaktpunkter på integreringsfeltet (b);
nasjonale kontaktpunkt på integreringsfeltet (n)
KA ეროვნული საკონტაქტო პირები ინტეგრაციის
საკითხებში
UK Національні контактні пункти з інтеграції
HY
Ինտեգրման ազգային կոնտակտային անձիք
B
C
D
Definition(s)
DE Nationale Kontaktstellen für Integration
HR nacionalne kontaktne točke za integraciju
A
A network of authorities responsible for integration
issues which serves to facilitate exchange of
information and good practice at EU level with
the purpose of finding successful solutions for
the integration of immigrants in all EU Member States
and to ensure policy coordination and coherence at
national level and with EU initiatives.
E
Source(s)
H
Synonym(s)
I
Broader term(s)
J
European Website on Integration
NCPI
integration
F
G
K
Narrower term(s)
Handbook on Integration
L
Related term(s)
Common Basic Principles
European Migration Network (EMN)
M
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
N
Euro Voc Classification
O
9. Integration
28 Social Questions| 2811 migration
P
Note(s)
1. The network was created by the European Commission following the
conclusions of the Council of Justice and Home Affairs (JAI) of October
2002.
2. The National Contact Points on Integration consider inter alia employment, education, language, health, housing, culture and participation. The
network›s long-term objective is to develop and reinforce the European
framework for integration, in order to define Common Basic
Principles and objectives, to determine assessment measures, and to
reinforce the coordination of national and European integration policies.
3. One output which the National Contact Points on Integration are very
much involved in are the Handbooks on Integration. For more information,
see the European Website on Integration.
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
415
national referral mechanism
BG национален механизъм за насочване
CS národní referenční mechanismus
Definition(s)
EL εθνικός μηχανισμός παραπομπής (NRM) (EL); εθνικός
μηχανισμός αναφοράς (CY)
Mechanism aimed at identifying, protecting and
assisting victims of trafficking in human beings,
through referral, and involving relevant public authorities
and civil society.
EN national referral mechanism
Source(s)
DE nationaler Überweisungsmechanismus
ES Mecanismo nacional de derivación
ET nõustamisele suunamise riiklik mehhanism
FI kansallinen ihmiskaupan uhrien tunnistamis- ja
ohjausjärjestelmä (NRM)
FR mécanisme national d’orientation
Derived by EMN from the EU Commission:
Communication: the EU Strategy towards the
Eradication of Trafficking in Human Beings 2012-2016,
COM(2012)286 final
Synonym(s)
GA meicníocht náisiúnta atreorúcháin
national cooperation mechanism
NRM
HR nacionalni referalni mehanizam
Related term(s)
HU nemzeti áldozatkezelési mechanizmus
IT meccanismo nazionale di riferimento
national rapporteur or equivalent mechanism
trafficking in human beings
LT nacionalinis nukreipimo mechanizmas
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
LV nacionālais novirzīšanas mehānisms
13.2 Trafficking in human beings
MT Mekkaniżmu nazzjonali għal riferiment / ta’ referenza
Euro Voc Classification
NL nationaal verwijsmechanisme
PL krajowy mechanizm referencyjny
PT mecanismo de referência nacional
RO mecanism naţional de sesizare
SK národný referenčný mechanizmus
SL nacionalni mehanizem za napotitev
SV nationell hänskjutningsmekanism
NO nasjonal henvisningsordning (b); nasjonal
tilvisingsordning (n)
KA რეფერირების ეროვნული მექანიზმი
UK національний механізм направлення
HY
416
ուղղորդման ազգային մեխանիզմ
12 Law
Note(s)
1. This definition was derived for the purpose of EMN-study: Identification
of victims of trafficking in human beings in international protection and
forced return procedures 2014 with the support of the Office of the
Anti-Trafficking Coordinator.
2. The Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) defines
an NRM as a cooperative framework at national level by which state
actors coordinate their efforts in a strategic partnership with civil society
to identify, protect and assist victims of trafficking in human beings to
ensure that the human rights of trafficked persons are respected and to
provide an effective way to refer victims of trafficking to services. For more
OSCE: National referral mechanism: joining efforts to protect the rights of
trafficked persons, 2004. .
The National Rapporteurs or Equivalent Mechanisms (NREMs) are
responsible for monitoring the implementation of anti-trafficking policy at
the national level and play a key role in data collection on trafficking in
human beings at national and EU level.
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
naturalisation
BG натурализация
CS nabytí občanství / naturalizace
DE Einbürgerung
EL πολιτογράφηση
EN naturalisation
ES adquisición de nacionalidad
C
D
Definition(s)
Any mode of acquisition after birth of a nationality not
previously held by the target person that requires an
application by this person or their legal agent as well as
an act of granting nationality by a public authority.
E
Source(s)
G
ET naturalisatsioon
Global Citizenship Observatory (GLOBALCIT): Glossary on
Citizenship and Electoral Rights
FI kansalaistaminen
Broader term(s)
FR naturalisation
GA eadóirsiú; eadóirseacht
HR prirođenje
acquisition of citizenship
IT naturalizzazione
LV naturalizācija
MT Naturalizzazzjoni
12 Law
J
Note(s)
K
This definition does not include automatic acquisition that is not initiated
by the individual concerned or their legal agent (even in cases where the
individual has an option to decline this attribution of nationality) or
acquisition of nationality based on a unilateral act by the target person
(e.g. acquisition by declaration or option).
L
M
NL naturalisatie; nationaliteitsverklaring (BE)
PL naturalizacja
N
PT naturalização
RO obţinerea cetăţeniei / naturalizare
O
SK naturalizácia
SL naturalizacija
P
SV naturalisation
NO naturalisering
Q
KA ნატურალიზაცია
R
UK натуралізація
HY
H
I
Euro Voc Classification
HU honosítás
LT natūralizacija
F
հպատակագրում
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
417
net migration
BG нетна миграция
CS saldo migrace
Definition(s)
DE Nettomigration
The difference between immigration into
and emigration from a given area during the year.
EL καθαρή μετανάστευση
Source(s)
EN net migration
Eurostat’s Concepts and Definitions Database
ES saldo migratorio
Related term(s)
ET rändesaldo
FI nettomaahanmuutto
FR solde migratoire
GA imirce ghlan
HR migracijski saldo
HU nettó migráció
IT migrazione netta (o saldo migratorio)
LT neto migracija
LV migrācijas saldo
MT Migrazzjoni netta
NL migratiesaldo / netto migratie
PL migracja netto
PT saldo migratório
crude rate of net migration
migration flow
population stock
total migration
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration
Note(s)
1. Net migration is negative when the number of emigrants exceeds the
number of immigrants.
2. Since many countries either do not have accurate figures on
immigration and emigration or have no figures at all, net migration is
frequently estimated as the difference between total population change
and natural increase between two dates (in Eurostat’s database it is then
called corrected net migration). The statistics on net migration are
therefore affected by any statistical inaccuracies in any of the
components used for their derivation.
RO migraţia netă
SK migračné saldo / čistá migrácia
SL neto migracije / migracijski saldo
SV nettomigration
NO netto migrasjon
KA მიგრაციის სალდო
UK чиста міграція
HY
418
զուտ միգրացիա
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
New Pact on Migration and Asylum
BG Нов пакт за миграцията и убежището
CS Nový pakt o migraci a azylu
DE neues Migrations- und Asylpaket (EU acquis); neuer
Migrations- und Asylpakt
EL Νέο Σύμφωνο για τη Μετανάστευση και το Άσυλο
EN New Pact on Migration and Asylum
ES Nuevo Pacto sobre Migración y Asilo
ET uus rände- ja varjupaigalepe
FI Uusi muuttoliike- ja turvapaikkasopimus
FR nouveau pacte sur la migration et l’asile
GA An Comhaontúfir Nua Imirce agus Tearmainn
HR Novi pakt o migracijama i azilu
HU új Migrációs és Menekültügyi Paktum
IT Nuovo Patto sulla Migrazione e l’Asilo
C
D
Definition(s)
Common European framework for migration and
asylum management bringing together policy in the
areas of migration, asylum, integration and border
management.
E
Source(s)
G
F
European Commission: Communication on a New Pact
on Migration and Asylum, COM(2020) 609 final
Broader term(s)
asylum
migration
I
Related term(s)
J
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
K
European Agenda on Migration
LT Naujas migracijos ir prieglobsčio paktas
2.2 EU (e.g. Common European Asylum System,
Qualification Directive, European Agenda for Migration)
LV jauns Migrācijas un patvēruma pakts
Euro Voc Classification
MT Patt Ġdid dwar il-Migrazzjoni u l-Ażil
NL
PL Nowy Pakt ws. Migracji i Azylu
PT Novo Pacto em matéria de Migração e Asilo
RO Noul pact privind migrația și azilul
SK Nový pakt o migrácii a azyle
SL novi pakt o migracijah in azilu
SV ny migrations- och asylpakt
NO Ny pakt for migrasjon og asyl (Pakten)
KA ახალი პაქტი მიგრაციისა და თავშესაფრის
შესახებ
UK Новий пакт про міграцію та притулок
HY
Միգրացիայի և ապաստանի մասին նոր
պայմանագիր
H
04 Politics| 10 European Union| 1011 European Union
law| 2811 migration
L
M
N
Note(s)
1. The Pact sets out a new framework that ensures that the principle of
solidarity and fair sharing of responsibility is effectively respected by all
EU Member States in cases where national asylum systems of one or
more EU Member States are not able to cope with an emergency situation
characterised by a sudden influx of third-country nationals and
guarantee a well-functioning EU migration management system.
2. It aims at:
robust and fair management of external borders, including identity,
health and security checks;
fair and efficient asylum rules, streamlining procedures on asylum
and return;
a new solidarity mechanism for situations of search and rescue,
pressure and crisis;
stronger foresight, crisis preparedness and response;
an effective return policy and an EU-coordinated approach to returns;
comprehensive governance at EU level for better management and
implementation of asylum and migration policies;
mutually beneficial partnerships with key third countries of origin and
transit;
developing sustainable legal pathways for those in need of protection and to attract talent to the EU; and supporting effective integration
policies.
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
419
New York Declaration for
Refugees and Migrants
BG Нюйоркска декларация за бежанци и мигранти
CS Newyorská deklarace o uprchlících a migrantech
DE New Yorker Erklärung für Flüchtlinge und Migranten /
New Yorker Erklärung zu Flüchtlingen und Migranten
EL Διακήρυξη της Νέας Υόρκης για τους πρόσφυγες και
τους μετανάστες
EN New York Declaration for Refugees and Migrants
ES Declaración de Nueva York para los Refugiados y los
Migrantes
ET pagulasi ja rändajaid käsitlev New Yorgi
deklaratsioon
FI New Yorkin julkilausuma pakolaisten ja siirtolaisten
oikeuksien suojelemiseksi
FR Déclaration de New York pour les réfugiés et les
migrants
GA Dearbhú Nua-Eabhrac maidir le Dídeanaithe agus
Imircigh
HR Njujorška deklaracija za izbjeglice i migrante
HU a menekültekről és a migránsokról szóló New York-i
nyilatkozat
IT Dichiarazione di New York sui rifugiati e i migranti
LT Niujorko deklaracija dėl pabėgėlių ir migrantų
LV Ņujorkas deklarācija par bēgļiem un migrantiem
MT Dikjarazzjoni(Id-) ta’ New York dwar ir-Refuġjati u
l-Migranti
NL Verklaring van New York voor Vluchtelingen en
Migranten
PL Deklaracja Nowojorska dotyczącą Uchodźców i
Migrantów
Definition(s)
United Nations General Assembly Declaration
comprising a set of commitments to enhance
the protection of refugees and migrants.
Source(s)
Derived by EMN from the description of the New York
Declaration for Refugees and Migrants on the UNWebsite and
on the UNHCR-Website
Narrower term(s)
Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration
Global Compact on Refugees
Euro Voc Classification
04 Politics| 2811 migration
Note(s)
1. The New York Declaration for Migrants and Refugees adopted on 19
September 2016 is the first UN declaration on migration adopted at this
level. It acknowledges that migration and refugee matters have become
major issues in the international agenda, that there is a pressing need for
a comprehensive approach to human mobility and that protection of
refugees is a shared international responsibility which requires and
enhanced global cooperation on migration.
2. The Declaration reaffirms the importance of the international protection
regime (the Geneva Refugee Convention and Protocol) and the
obligations to fully respect the human rights of refugees and migrants.
3. It sets out the core elements of a Comprehensive Refugee Response
Framework to be applied to large-scale movements of refugees and
protracted refugee situations.
4. The Declaration calls upon the United Nations High Commissioner
for Refugees (UNHCR) to propose a global compact on Refugees and
also provides for the negotiation of a global compact for safe, orderly and
regular migration.
5. For more information see the description of the New York Declaration
for Refugees and Migrants on the Website of UNHCR:
PT Declaração de Nova Iorque sobre os refugiados e os
migrantes
RO Declarația de la New York pentru refugiați și migranți
SK Newyorská deklarácia pre utečencov a migrantov
SL Newyorška deklaracija o beguncih in migrantih
SV New York-deklarationen om flyktingar och migranter
NO New York erklæringen om flyktninger og migranter (b);
New York utsegnet om flyktningar og migrantar (n)
KA ნიუ-იორკის დეკლარაცია ლტოლვილებისა და
მიგრანტების შესახებ
UK Нью-Йоркська декларація про біженців та
мігрантів
HY
420
Փախստականների և միգրանտների մասին Նյու
Յորքի հռչակագիր
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
non-EU national
C
BG гражданин на трета страна
CS osoba, která není občanem EU / státní příslušník třetí
země
DE Nicht-EU-Bürger
Any person not having the nationality of an EU Member
State.
E
Source(s)
F
EL πολίτης χώρας που δεν ανήκει στην Ε.Ε (EL); υπήκοος
χώρας που δεν ανήκει στην Ε.Ε (CY)
Derived by EMN from Art. 20(1) of Treaty on the
Functioning of the European Union (TFEU)
EN non-EU national
Narrower term(s)
ES nacional de tercer país
D
Definition(s)
G
H
third-country national
ET Mitte-EL kodanik
Related term(s)
FR non-ressortissant d’un État membre
alien
union citizen
I
GA náisiúnach neamh-AE
Euro Voc Classification
J
FI EU:hun kuulumattoman valtion kansalainen
HR osoba koja nema državljanstvo države članice EU-a
HU nem EU-s állampolgár
1011 European Union law
K
Note(s)
IT cittadino non comunitario
This means that nationals of NO, IS, LI and CH are non-EU nationals, but
they are not third-country nationals, as defined, primarily because they
have the right to free movement.
LT ne ES pilietis
LV persona bez ES pilsonības
MT Ċittadin(a) ta’ pajjiż barra l-UE / mhux fl-UE
NL derdelander / niet-EU onderdaan
L
M
N
PL obywatel państwa trzeciego
O
PT nacional de país terceiro
RO cetățean din afara UE / resortisant al unei țări terțe
SK štátny príslušník tretej krajiny / osoba, ktorá nie je
občanom EÚ
P
SL nedržavljan EU
Q
SV icke-EU-medborgare / tredjelandsmedborgare
NO borger av et land som ikke er medlem i EU (b); borgar
av eit land som ikkje er medlem i EU (n)
R
KA ევროკავშირის არამოქალაქე პირი
S
UK негромадянин ЄС
HY
T
Ոչ Եվրոպական Միության անդամ պետության
քաղաքացի
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
421
non-refoulement
BG non-refoulement / забрана за експулсиране или
връщане
CS princip nenavracení / non-refoulement
DE Nichtzurückweisung / Non-refoulement / Schutz vor
Zurückweisung / Verbot der Ausweisung und
Zurückweisung
EL μη- επαναπροώθηση
EN non-refoulement
ES non-refoulement
ET tagasisaatmise lubamatus / non-refoulement
FI palauttamiskielto
FR non-refoulement; interdiction de retour forcé (LU)
GA neamh-refoulement
HR zabrana prisilnog udaljenja ili vraćanja
Definition(s)
In the global context, a core principle of international
refugee and human rights law that prohibits States
from returning individuals to a country where there is
a real risk of being subjected to persecution, torture,
inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment or any
other human rights violation.
In the refugee context, a core principle of
international refugee law that prohibits States from
returning refugees in any manner whatsoever to
countries or territories in which their lives or freedom
may be threatened on account of their race, religion,
nationality, membership of a particular social group or
political opinion.
Source(s)
IT non-refoulement
Global context: developed by EMN
Refugee context: Art. 33 of the Geneva Refugee
Convention and Protocol
LT negrąžinimas
Related term(s)
HU visszaküldés tilalma
LV neizraidīšana
MT Prinċipju (il-) ta’ non-refoulement - li ma jsirx ritorn
imġiegħel jew sfurzat
forced return
removal
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
NL non-refoulement / beginsel van niet-uitwijzing
4.1.1 Refugee protection
PL zasada non-refoulement/ zasada niewydalania
Euro Voc Classification
PT non-refoulement
RO non-refoulment / principiul nereturnării
SK zásada zákazu vyhostenia alebo vrátenia / zásada
non-refoulement / princíp nenavrátenia
SL načelo nevračanja
SV non-refoulement (förbud mot avvisning / utvisning)
NO vern mot utsendelse (b); vern mot utsending (n)
KA არგაძევება
UK неприпустимість вислання
HY
422
չվերադարձելիություն
1231 international law| 2811 migration
Note(s)
1.The principle of non-refoulement is a part of customary international
law and is therefore binding on all States, whether or not they are parties
to the Geneva Refugee Convention and Protocol.
2. In international law the prohibition on refoulement has been developed
in various legal instruments, on both a global and a regional level, such as
in Art. 3 of the Convention against Torture (CAT), in Art.7 of the
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and Art. 3 of
the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). Initially, the
prohibition on refoulement was developed in relation to the protection of
refugees.
3. The ECHR does not contain an explicit prohibition on refoulement.
However, in particular, under Art. 3 of ECHR a refoulement prohibition has
been developed by the case law of the European Court of Human
Rights (ECtHR).
4. Art. 3 of the ECHR also prohibits indirect refoulement, the removal to a
third - intermediary - country from which the individual may then be
removed to the country in which he faces a real risk of the proscribed
ill-treatment.
5.For further information see: Wouters, Cornelius Wolfram: International
legal Standards for the Protection from Refoulement. - Leiden, 2009 .
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
non-removable returnee
BG лице, подлежащо на връщане, за което
връщането не може да бъде осъществено
C
D
Definition(s)
CS osoba, u které nelze realizovat návrat
DE Rückkehrpflichtige Person, die nicht zurückgeführt
werden kann; nicht rückführbarer Rückkehrer
(EU-Acquis)
EL πολίτης τρίτης χώρας ανεφίκτου απελάσεως
Third country national who has no legal right to stay in
the territory of one of the EU Member States and who is
subject to a return decision but who can nevertheless
not be immediately returned for various reasons.
E
Source(s)
G
Derived by EMN from the EU
Commission: Communication on the EU Return Policy,
COM(2014) 199 final
EN non-removable returnee
ES persona con orden de expulsión que no puede ser
materializada
F
H
Synonym(s)
I
FR personne non-éloignable; personne inéloignable (BE)
non-deportable
non-removable irregular migrant
undesirable and non-removable migrant
GA fillí neamh-inaistrithe
Related term(s)
K
Euro Voc Classification
L
ET tagasipöörduja, keda ei saa välja saata
FI palautettava henkilö, jota ei voida poistaa maasta
J
postponement of removal
HR povratnik kojeg se ne može udaljiti
HU nem kitoloncolható visszatérő
2811 migration
IT Rimpatriandi non allontanabili
LT užsienietis, kurio negalima grąžinti
M
Note(s)
LV neizraidāma persona
MT Migrant(a) ritornat(a) li ma tistax tintbagħat lura
NL niet-verwijderbare terugkeerder / niet-uitzetbare
terugkeerder
PL cudzoziemiec, którego decyzja o powrocie jest
niewykonywalna
PT cidadão estrangeiro inexpulsável / repatriado
inexpulsável
RO repatriat care nu poate fi îndepărtat
SK nenavrátiteľný cudzinec
SL oseba v postopku vračanja, ki je ni mogoče odstraniti
SV återvändande som ej kan avlägsnas ur landet
NO person med utreiseplikt som ikke kan returneres (b);
person med utreiseplikt som ikkje kan returnerast (n)
1. Barriers to removal may be legal, humanitarian or practical in nature or
they may result from policy choices. Barriers to return are discussed in
the EMN Focussed Study: Returning Rejected Asylum Seekers: challenges
and good practices, 2016. .
2. According to section 13.2 of the ‘Return Handbook’ EU Member States
have no obligation to grant a residence permit to non-removable
returnees once it becomes clear that there is no more reasonable prospect
of removal, but EU Member States are free to do so at any moment.
3. Non-removables include “undesirable and non-removable migrants”
who are excluded on the basis of Art. 1F of the Geneva Refugee
Convention and Protocol and who may not be refouled because of
human rights obligations.
4. Penal sanctions aimed at dissuading non-removable returnees who
have no justified reasons for non-return from remaining illegally must
comply with fundamental rights, particularly those guaranteed by the
European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) and the Charter of
Fundamental Rights of the European Union (CFR), and must comply with
the proportionality principle. The maximum time for depriving the liberty of
non-cooperating returnees is limited by Directive 2008/115/EC (Return
Directive) to 18 months. See the ‘Return Handbook’ for more information.
KA პირი, რომლის გაძევება დაუშვებელია/
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
შეუძლებელია
UK особа, яка підлягає поверненню, яка не може бути
повернена
HY
N
V
վերադարձի ենթակա անձ, ով չի վերադարձվում
որոշակի պատճառներով
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
423
nuclear family
BG семейно ядро
CS nukleární rodina / rodina v užším slova smyslu
DE Kernfamilie
EL πυρηνική οικογένεια
Definition(s)
The spouse and the minor children of a family.
Source(s)
EN nuclear family
Recital 9 of Council Directive 2003/86/EC (Family
Reunification Directive)
ES familia nuclear
Related term(s)
ET tuumikperekond
FI ydinperhe
FR famille nucléaire
GA teaghlach núicléach
HR uža obitelj
HU családmag / szűkebb család
IT famiglia nucleare
LT branduolinė šeima
LV nukleārā ģimene
MT Familja nukleari
family formation
family member
family reunification
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
3.2 Migration for Family Reasons
Euro Voc Classification
2806 family| 2811 migration
Note(s)
This definition refers specifically to the context of family reunification only.
NL kerngezin
PL rodzina nuklearna
PT núcleo familiar
RO familie nucleară
SK užšia rodina
SL jedrna družina
SV kärnfamilj
NO kjernefamilie
KA ნუკლეარული ოჯახი
UK основна сім’я
HY
424
միջուկային ընտանիք
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
obligation to cooperate
BG задължение за сътрудничество
C
D
Definition(s)
CS povinnost spolupracovat
Obligation imposed by EU Member States upon
the applicant for international protection to
cooperate with the competent authorities insofar as
such obligations are necessary for the processing of the
application.
DE Mitwirkungspflicht
EL υποχρεώση συνεργασίας
EN obligation to cooperate
ES Obligación de cooperar
Source(s)
ET koostöökohustus
Derived by EMN from Art. 4(1) of Directive 2011/95/EU
(Recast Qualification Directive) and
Art. 13 of Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum
Procedures Directive)
FI yhteistyövelvoite
FR obligation de coopérer
GA dualgas comhoibrithe
Synonym(s)
HR obaveza suradnje
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
IT obbligo di collaborazione
6.2 Procedure for international protection/Refugee status
determination
LT pareiga bendradarbiauti
LV pienākums sadarboties
Euro Voc Classification
MT Obbligu ta’ kooperazzjoni
1011 European Union law| 2811 migration
PT obrigação de cooperar
RO obligația de a coopera
SK povinnosť spolupracovať
SL obveznost sodelovanja
SV skyldighet att samarbeta
NO plikt til å samarbeide
KA თანამშრომლობის ვალდებულება
UK зобов’язання зі співробітництва
HY
G
H
I
K
L
M
NL verplichting tot samenwerking / medewerkingsplicht
PL obowiązek współpracy
F
J
duty to cooperate
HU együttműködési kötelezettség
E
Note(s)
1. These may include obligations of applicants to:
(a) report to the competent authorities or to appear before them in person;
(b) to hand over documents in their possession relevant to the
examination of the application, such as their passports;
(c) to inform the competent authorities of their current place or address;
(d) to be personally searched and the items they carry with them;
(e) to have one photograph taken; and
(f) to have ones oral statements recorded.
2. Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Procedures Directive) allows
accelerated procedures to be used in cases where applicants have failed
to fulfil their obligation.
N
O
P
Q
R
համագործակցելու պարտավորություն
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
425
obligation to report
BG задължение за докладване
CS povinnost se hlásit
DE Meldepflicht / Meldeverpflichtung
EL υποχρέωση εμφάνισης
EN Obligación de presentarse
ES
ET teavitamiskohustus
FI ilmoittautumisvelvollisuus
FR obligation de se présenter
GA
HR obveza javljanja
HU jelentési kötelezettség
IT obbligo di presentazione
LT pareiga pranešti
LV pienākums ziņot
MT Obbligu li jsir rapport
NL Meldplicht; Meldingsplicht (BE)
PL obowiązek zgłoszenia
PT apresentações periódicas
RO obligația de raportare / obligația de a se prezenta
SK povinnosť hlásiť sa
SL obveznost javljanja
SV anmälningsskyldighet
NO meldeplikt
Definition(s)
In the context of return, the obligation of a migrant/
third-country national who is subject to a return
decision to report to the (nearest) police or
immigration authority or court on a regular basis while
awaiting removal from the country.
Source(s)
EMN Focussed study: The use of detention and
alternatives to detention in the context of Immigration
policies, 2014.
Synonym(s)
supervision
Related term(s)
obligation to cooperate
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration
Note(s)
1. This is one of the more frequent alternatives to detention found in
national legislation of EU Member States. Reporting duties on a daily,
bi-weekly, weekly or even less frequent basis may also be imposed as an
additional requirement to the obligation to reside at a specified place. A
supervision order may also require the foreigner to surrender their
passport or other identity document.
2. The term is also used in the context of detention for reporting
obligations of persons pending criminal investigation or released from jail.
3. In the context of international protection, the obligation to
cooperate may include the duty of migrants to report to the competent
authorities or to appear before them in person; or to inform them of their
current place or address.
KA ინფორმირების ვალდებულება
UK обов’язок звітувати
HY
426
հաշվետվություն ներկայացնելու պարտավորություն
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
occupation
BG професия/ занятие
CS povolání
C
D
Definition(s)
DE Beschäftigung
A set of jobs whose main tasks and duties are
characterised by a high degree of similarity.
E
EL επάγγελμα
Source(s)
F
EN occupation
ES actividad profesional
ET amet
FI ammatti
FR profession
GA gairm bheatha
HR zanimanje
HU foglalkozás
IT professione / occupazione / impiego
LT profesija
LV profesija
MT Impieg / Xogħol / Okkupazzjoni
NL beroep
PL zawód
ILO: ISCO-88, International Standard Classification of
Occupations. International Labour Office, Geneva 1990
Related term(s)
employment
profession
H
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
I
Euro Voc Classification
J
3.1 Migration for Economic Purposes
4406 employment
K
Note(s)
1. Job, in the context of ISCO-08, is defined as follows: A set of tasks and
duties performed or meant to be performed, by one person, including for
an employer or in self employment.
2. The ISCO definition is also the one used by employment services
(placement agencies).
L
M
N
PT profissão
RO ocupaţie
O
SK povolanie
SL poklic
P
SV sysselsättning / yrke
NO yrke
Q
KA პროფესია/საქმიანობა
R
UK професія
HY
G
զբաղմունք
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
427
organised crime
BG организирана престъпност
CS organizovaný zločin
Definition(s)
DE organisierte Kriminalität
Large-scale and complex illicit activities carried out by
an organised criminal group.
EL οργανωμένο έγκλημα
Source(s)
EN organised crime
ES delincuencia organizada
ET organiseeritud kuritegevus
FI järjestäytynyt rikollisuus
FR crime organisé
GA coireacht eagraithe
HR organizirani kriminalitet
HU szervezett bűnözés
IT crimine organizzato
LT organizuotas nusikalstamumas
LV organizētā noziedzība
Derived by EMN from the IOM Glossary on Migration,
2019.
Related term(s)
organised criminal group
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
13.3 Crimes related to migration
Euro Voc Classification
12 Law
Note(s)
Such operations are generally carried out with a ruthless disregard of the
law, and often involve offences against the person, including threats,
intimidation and physical violence.
MT Kriminalità (Il-) organizzata
NL georganiseerde misdaad
PL zorganizowana przestępczość
PT crime organizado
RO crimă organizată
SK organizovaný zločin
SL organizirani kriminal
SV organiserad brottslighet
NO organisert kriminalitet
KA ორგანიზებლი დანაშაული
UK організована злочинність
HY
428
կազմակերպված հանցագործություն
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
organised criminal group
BG организирана престъпна група
C
D
Definition(s)
CS skupina organizovaného zločinu
DE organisierte kriminelle Gruppe / organisierte kriminelle
Vereinigung
A structured group of three or more persons, existing for
a period of time and acting cooperatively with the aim
of committing one or more serious crimes or offences.
EL οργανωμένη εγκληματική ομάδα
Source(s)
EN organised criminal group
ES grupo delictivo organizado
ET organiseeritud kuritegelik ühendus
FI järjestäytynyt rikollisryhmä
FR groupe criminel organisé
GA buíon choiriúil eagraithe
HR organizirana kriminalna skupina
HU szervezett bűnözői csoport
E
F
Art. 2(a) of UN Convention against Transnational
Organised Crime and the protocols thereto
G
Related term(s)
H
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
I
Euro Voc Classification
J
organised crime
13.3 Crimes related to migration
12 Law| 2811 migration
K
IT gruppo di criminalità organizzata
LT organizuota nusikalstama grupė
L
LV organizēta noziedzīga grupa
MT Grupp kriminali organizzat / Għaqda kriminali
organizzata
M
NL criminele organisatie
N
PL zorganizowana grupa przestępcza
O
PT grupo de crime organizado
RO grup criminal organizat / grupare criminal organizat
P
SK organizovaná zločinecká skupina
SL organizirana kriminalna združba
Q
SV organiserad brottslig sammanslutning
NO organisert kriminell gruppe
R
KA ორგანიზებული დანაშაულებრივი ჯგუფი
UK організоване злочинне угрупування
HY
S
կազմակերպված հանցագործության խումբ
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
429
overstayer
BG престой над разрешения срок
CS překročení doby povoleného pobytu / osoba s
překročenou dobou povoleného pobytu
DE Person, die die zulässige Aufenthaltsdauer
überschritten hat
EL αλλοδαπός υπερβαίνων την επιτρεπόμενη διάρκεια
διαμονής
EN overstay(er)
ES extranjero en situación irregular sobrevenida
ET lubatud viibimisaja ületamine / ületaja
FI henkilö, joka on jäänyt maahan oleskeluoikeuden
umpeuduttua
FR personne dépassant la durée de séjour autorisée
GA rófhantóir (and overstaying = rófhantóireacht)
HR osoba koja je prekoračila dozvoljeno trajanje boravka
HU túltartózkodó
IT overstayer
LT asmuo, viršijęs teisėto buvimo laiką
LV persona, kas pārsniedz atļauto uzturēšanās termiņu
MT Min itawwal żjara illegalment
Definition(s)
In the global context, a person who remains in a country
beyond the period for which entry was granted.
In the EU context, a person who has legally entered
but then stayed in an EU Member State beyond the
allowed duration of their permitted stay without the
appropriate visa (typically 90 days or six months), or of
their visa and / or residence permit.
Source(s)
Global context: Derived by EMN from the entry of
overstay in the IOM Glossary on Migration, 2019.
EU context: developed by EMN
Synonym(s)
overstay
Broader term(s)
third-country national found to be illegally present
Related term(s)
irregular migrant
irregular stay
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
NL overstayer
8.1 Right of residence, authorisation of stay/long-term
visa, / residence permits
PL osoba która utraciła prawo do pobytu
Euro Voc Classification
PT estrangeiro com excesso de permanência
RO persoană care a depășit durata de ședere autorizată
/ străin cu şedere ilegală (prin depăşirea termenului
de şedere conferit de viză sau alt document de
şedere)
1011 European Union law| 1231 international law|
2811 migration
SK osoba, ktorá prekročila povolenú dobu pobytu
SL oseba, ki je prekoračila dovoljeni čas prebivanja
SV person som överskridit den tillåtna vistelsen
NO person hvis oppholdstillatelse er utløpt (b); person
med opphaldsløyve som har gått ut (n)
KA ნებადართულზე მეტი ვადით ქვეყანაში მყოფი
პირი
UK особа, у якої закінчився термін перебування на
території іншої країни
HY
430
թույլատրված ժամկետից երկար գտնվող
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
Palermo Protocol
BG Протоколът от Палермо
CS Palermská úmluva
DE Palermo-Protokoll
EL Πρωτόκολλο του Παλέρμο
EN Palermo Protocol
ES Protocolo de Palermo
ET Palermo protokoll
FI Palermon pöytäkirja
FR Protocole de Palerme
GA Prótacal Palermo
HR Protokol iz Palerma
HU Palermói Jegyzőkönyv
IT Protocollo di Palermo
LT Palermo protokolas
LV Palermo protokols
MT Protokoll (Il-) ta’ Palermo
NL Protocol van Palermo
PL Protokół z Palermo
PT Protocolo de Palermo
C
D
Definition(s)
A United Nations (UN) protocol to prevent, suppress and
punish trafficking in human beings, especially women
and children, supplementing the UN Convention against
Transnational Organized Crime and its Protocols.
E
Source(s)
G
Related term(s)
H
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
I
Euro Voc Classification
J
Palermo Protocol
trafficking in human beings
13.2 Trafficking in human beings
12 Law| 2811 migration
K
Note(s)
1. The Protocol was adopted in Palermo, Italy in November 2000.
2. It is one of three protocols supplementing the UN Convention against
Transnational Organized Crime. The other two are:
Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air
(Smuggling Protocol)
Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing and Trafficking in Firearms,
Their Parts and Components and Ammunition (Firearms Protocol)
RO Protocolul de la Palermo
L
M
N
O
SK Palermský protokol
SL Palermski protokol
P
SV Palermoprotokollet
NO Palermo-protokollen
Q
KA პალერმოს ოქმი
R
UK Палермський протокол
HY
F
Պալերմոյի Արձանագրություն
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
431
particular social group
BG определена социална група
CS konkrétní sociální skupina
DE bestimmte soziale Gruppe
EL ιδιαίτερη κοινωνική ομάδα
EN particular social group
ES determinado grupo social
ET teatav sotsiaalne rühm
FI tietty yhteiskunnallinen ryhmä
FR certain groupe social
GA grúpa sóisialta áirithe
HR posebna društvena skupina
HU meghatározott társadalmi csoport
IT gruppo sociale determinato
LT tam tikra socialinė grupė
Definition(s)
In the global context, a group of persons who share
a common characteristic other than their risk of being
persecuted which often is innate, unchangeable, or which
is otherwise fundamental to identity, conscience or the
exercise of one’s human rights, or who are perceived as
a group by society.
In the EU-context, a group where in particular
members of that group share an innate characteristic,
or a common background that cannot be changed, or
share a characteristic or belief that is so fundamental to
identity or conscience that a person should not be forced
to renounce it; and that group has a distinct identity in
the relevant country, because it is perceived as being
different by the surrounding society.
Source(s)
PT grupo social específico
Global context: Definition of “Membership of a
particular social group” from the UNHCR Guidelines on
International Protection within the context of Article
1A(2) of the 1951 Convention and/or its 1967 Protocol
relating to the Status of Refugees, 2002
EU-context: Art. 10 (1d) of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast
Qualification Directive)
RO anumit grup social
Synonym(s)
LV noteikta sociālā grupa
MT grupp soċjali parikulari
NL bepaalde sociale groep
PL określona grupa społeczna
SK určitá sociálna skupina
SL določena družbena skupina
SV särskild samhällsgrupp
NO spesiell sosial gruppe
KA გარკვეული სოციალური ჯგუფი
UK певна соціальна група
HY
որոշակի սոցիալական խումբ
membership of a particular social group
social group
Related term(s)
gender
gender-based persecution
gender-specific violence
LGB(TI)
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
4.1 International protection| 7. Vulnerable Groups
Euro Voc Classification
1011 European Union law| 1231 international law|
2826 social affairs| 7606 United Nations
432
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
C
D
Note(s)
E
1. Membership of a particular social group is one of the five Convention
grounds for persecution enumerated in Art. 1A(2) of the Geneva
Refugee Convention and Protocol. It is the ground with the least clarity
and it is not defined by the Convention itself. It is being invoked with
increasing frequency in refugee status determinations with States
having recognised women, families, tribes, occupational groups, and
homosexuals, as constituting a particular social group for the purposes of
the Convention. For more information see: UNHCR Guidelines on
international protection “Membership of a particular social group» within
the context of Article 1A(2) of the 1951 Convention and/or its 1967 Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees .
2. The concept of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive) is
narrower than that of United Nations High Commissioner for
Refugees (UNHCR).
3. Depending on the circumstances in the country of origin, a particular
social group might include a group based on a common characteristic
of sexual orientation. Sexual orientation cannot be understood to
include acts considered to be criminal in accordance with national law of
the EU Member States. Gender related aspects, including gender
identity, shall be given due consideration for the purposes of determining
membership of a particular social group or identifying a characteristic of
such a group.
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
433
partnership of convenience
BG партньорство, сключено с единствената цел да се
даде възможност на заинтересованите лица да
влязат или да пребивават в държава-членка
CS účelové partnerství
DE Scheinpartnerschaft
EL σύμφωνο συμβίωσης για λόγους συμφέροντος
Definition(s)
A partnership contracted for the sole purpose of
enabling one of the persons concerned to enter or reside
in an EU Member State.
Source(s)
EN partnership of convenience
Art. 16(2b) of Council Directive 2003/86/EC (Family
Reunification Directive)
ES pareja de hecho de conveniencia
Related term(s)
FR partenariat de complaisance
adoption of convenience
civil partnership of convenience
false declaration of parenthood
marriage of convenience
GA comhpháirtíocht áise
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
ET partnerlus riiki sisenemise eesmärgil /
mugavuspartnerlus
FI harhautustarkoituksessa solmittu parisuhde
HR partnerstvo iz koristi
HU névleges élettársi kapcsolat
IT relazione stabile fittizia
LT fiktyvi partnerystė
LV fiktīvas partnerattiecības
3.2 Migration for Family Reasons| 14.3 Social factors
and impacts (such as changes in demographics, age,
education level, diversity)
Euro Voc Classification
2806 family| 2811 migration
MT Sħubija / Unjoni ta’ konvenjenza
NL schijnpartnerschap
PL partnerstwo dla wygody
PT parceria de conveniência
RO parteneriat de convenineţă
SK účelové partnerstvo
SL navidezno partnerstvo / partnerstvo iz koristoljubja
SV skenpartnerskap
NO proformapartnerskap (b); proformapartnarskap (n)
KA ფიქციური პარტნიორობა
UK фіктивне партнерство
HY
434
պայմանական գործընկերություն
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
persecution
BG преследване
CS pronásledování
DE Verfolgung
EL δίωξη
EN persecution
ES persecución
ET tagakiusamine
FI vaino
C
Serious human rights violations, including a threat to life
or freedom, as well as other kinds of serious harm, on
account of race, religion, nationality, political opinion or
membership of a particular social group.
E
Source(s)
G
Narrower term(s)
H
UNHCR Master Glossary of Terms
HU üldöztetés
act of persecution
actor of persecution
Convention grounds for persecution
group persecution
well-founded fear of persecution
IT persecuzione
FR persécution
GA géarleanúint
HR proganjanje
D
Definition(s)
F
I
J
Related term(s)
LT persekiojimas
serious harm
K
LV vajāšana
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
L
MT Persekuzzjoni
NL vervolging
PL prześladowanie
PT perseguição
RO persecuţie
4. International Protection and other Types of Protection|
14.1 Political factors and impacts (such as political
stability, political climate, public discourse, partly overlap
with class 2)
Euro Voc Classification
SV förföljelse
NO forfølgelse (b); forfølging (n)
KA დევნა
UK переслідування
HY
հալածանք
N
1231 international law| 2811 migration
O
Note(s)
P
SK prenasledovanie
SL preganjanje
M
1. There is no universally accepted definition of persecution and the
core concept of persecution was deliberately not defined in the Geneva
Refugee Convention and Protocol suggesting that the drafters intended
it to be interpreted in a sufficiently flexible manner so as to encompass
ever-changing forms of persecution.
2. In addition, lesser forms of harm may cumulatively amount to
persecution. Discrimination will also amount to persecution where the
effect leads to a situation that is intolerable or substantially prejudicial to
the person concerned.
3. Persecution can be related to action by the authorities of the State, but
may also emanate from non-state agents, such as armed groups, criminal
or organized gangs, family members or the general population, where
the State is unable or unwilling to provide protection.
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
435
person eligible for
subsidiary protection
BG лице, което отговаря на условията за субсидиарна
закрила
CS osoba, která má nárok na doplňkovou ochranu
DE Person mit Anspruch auf subsidiären Schutz
EL άτομο που πληροί τις προϋποθέσεις για επικουρική
προστασία (EL); άτομο που πληροί τις προϋποθέσεις
για συμπληρωματική προστασία (CY)
EN person eligible for subsidiary protection
ES persona con derecho a protección subsidiaria
ET täiendava kaitse saamise nõuetele vastav isik
FI henkilö, joka voi saada toissijaista suojelua
FR personne pouvant bénéficier de la protection
subsidiaire
GA duine atá i dteideal cosaint choimhdeach
HR osoba koja ispunjava uvjete za supsidijarnu zaštitu
HU kiegészítő védelemre jogosult személy
IT persona avente titolo a beneficiare della protezione
sussidiaria
LT papildomą apsaugą galintis gauti asmuo
LV persona, kura tiesīga uz alternatīvo statusu
MT Persuna eliġibbli għal protezzjoni sussidjarja
NL persoon die voor subsidiaire bescherming in
aanmerking komt
PL osoba kwalifikująca się do ochrony uzupełniającej
PT pessoa elegível para proteção subsidiária
RO persoană eligibilă pentru protecţie subsidiară
SK osoba oprávnená na doplnkovú ochranu
SL oseba, upravičena do subsidiarne zaščite
Definition(s)
A third-country national or a stateless person who
does not qualify as a refugee but in respect of whom
substantial grounds have been shown for believing
that the person concerned, if returned to their country
of origin, or in the case of a stateless person, to
their country of former habitual residence, would face
a real risk of suffering serious harm as defined in
Art. 15 of Directive 2011/95/EC (Recast Qualification
Directive) and to whom Art. 17(1) and (2) of said
Directive do not apply, and is unable, or, owing to such
risk, unwilling to avail themselves of the protection of
that country.
Source(s)
Derived by EMN from Art. 2(f) of Directive 2011/95/EC
(Recast Qualification Directive)
Broader term(s)
subsidiary protection
Narrower term(s)
beneficiary of subsidiary protection
real risk of suffering serious harm
Related term(s)
applicant for international protection
beneficiary of international protection
civil war refugee
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
4.1.2 Subsidiary protection
Euro Voc Classification
1011 European Union law| 2811 migration
SV person som uppfyller kraven för att betecknas som
subsidiärt skyddsbehövande
NO person som har krav på subsidiær beskyttelse (b);
person som har krav på subsidiært vern (n)
KA პირი, რომელიც აკმაყოფილებს დამატებითი
დაცვის მინიჭებისთვის დადგენილ
კრიტერიუმებს
UK особа, яка має право на додатковий захист
HY
436
օժանդակ պաշտպանություն ստանալու իրավունք
ունեցող անձ
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
person enjoying
temporary protection
BG лице, ползващо се с временна закрила
A
B
C
D
Definition(s)
CS poživatel dočasné ochrany
DE Person, die vorübergehenden Schutz genießt / Person,
die temporären Schutz genießt
EL άτομο που απολαύει προσωρινής προστασίας
A person who has been granted protection according to
Directive 2001/55/EC (Temporary Protection Directive).
E
Source(s)
F
EN person enjoying temporary protection
Derived by EMN from Council Directive 2001/55/EC
(Temporary Protection Directive)
ES persona beneficiaria de protección temporal
Synonym(s)
ET ajutise kaitse saaja
beneficiary of temporary protection
FI tilapäistä suojelua saava henkilö
Broader term(s)
FR personne bénéficiant de la protection temporaire
temporary protection
GA tairbhí a theachtann cosaint shealadach
Related term(s)
G
H
I
J
beneficiary of international protection
beneficiary of subsidiary protection
HR osoba koja uživa privremenu zaštitu
HU ideiglenes védelmet élvező személy / átmeneti
védelmet élvező személy
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
K
IT Beneficiario di protezione temporanea
4.3 Temporary protection
LT asmuo, kuriam suteikta laikinoji apsauga
Euro Voc Classification
L
1011 European Union law| 2811 migration
LV pagaidu aizsardzību ieguvusī persona
MT Persuna tgawdi minn protezzjoni temporanja
M
Note(s)
NL begunstigde van tijdelijke bescherming
The European Commission sometimes uses the term ‘beneficiary of
temporary protection’ in information on the application of the Directive,
e.g. website of DG Migration and Home Affairs: Temporary protection.
However, the term beneficiary of temporary protection is not used in the
Temporary Protection Directive.
PL osoba korzystająca z ochrony czasowej
PT Beneficiário de proteção temporária
RO persoană care beneficiază de protecție temporară /
beneficiar de protecție temporară
N
O
P
SK osoba požívajúca dočasnú ochranu (EU acquis);
osoba s dočasným útočiskom / osoba s poskytnutým
dočasným útočiskom / odídenec
Q
SL oseba, ki uživa začasno zaščito
R
SV person som åtnjuter tillfälligt skydd
NO Person som har kollektiv beskyttelse (b); person som
har kollektivt vern (n)
S
KA დროებითი დაცვის მქონე პირი
T
UK особа, яка користується тимчасовим захистом
HY
U
ժամանակավոր պաշտպանությունից օգտվող անձ
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
437
person with a migratory background
BG лице с миграционен произход
CS osoba s migračním původem
DE Person mit Migrationshintergrund
EL άτομο με μεταναστευτική καταγωγή (EL); άτομο με
μεταναστευτική βιογραφία (CY)
EN person with a migratory background
ES persona de origen migratorio
ET rändetaustaga isik
FI maahanmuuttajataustainen henkilö
Definition(s)
A person who has:
(a) migrated into their present country of residence; and
/ or
(b) previously had a different nationality from their
present country of residence; and / or
(c) at least one of their parents previously entered their
present country of residence as a migrant.
Source(s)
GA duine ag a bhfuil cúlra imirceach
Derived by EMN from paragraphs 360-368 in the UN
Economic Commission for Europe: Recommendations for
the 2010 Censuses of Population and Housing, 2010
HR osoba s migracijskom pozadinom
Synonym(s)
FR personne issue de l’immigration
HU migrációs háttérű személy
IT persona con un background migratorio
person in a migratory context
person of migrant origin
LT asmuo, kilęs iš migrantų šeimos arba asmuo,
gyvenantis ne savo kilmės valstybėje
Narrower term(s)
LV persona ar migrācijas pieredzi
Euro Voc Classification
MT Persuna bi storja ta’ migrazzjoni warajha
NL persoon met een migratieachtergrond
PL osoba z przeszłością migracyjną
PT pessoa com antecedentes migratórios
RO persoană cu trecut migraţionist
SK osoba s migrantským pôvodom
SL oseba z migracijskim ozadjem
second-generation migrant
2811 migration
Note(s)
1. This is a broad definition which aims to encompass all possibilities for a
person who has undertaken a migration at some point and/or has
parents who did so.
2. Point (a) can also include a national of the country of residence who
previously lived elsewhere and then returned to their country of
nationality.
SV person med invandrarbakgrund
NO person med innvandrerbakgrunn (b); person med
innvandrarbakgrunn (n)
KA მიგრაციული წარსულის მქონე პირი
UK особа з міграційним походженням
HY
438
միգրացիոն ծագում ունեցող անձ
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
personal interview for
international protection
BG лично интервю за предоставяне на международна
закрила
CS osobní pohovor k žádosti o udělení mezinárodní
ochrany
DE persönliche Anhörung zum Antrag auf internationalen
Schutz
EL προσωπική συνέντευξη για διεθνή προστασία
D
E
Source(s)
G
ES entrevista personal para protección internacional
Synonym(s)
FR entretien personnel sur la demande de protection
internationale
C
Interview with the applicant on the substance of
their application for international protection which
has to be conducted by the personnel of
the determining authority.
EN personal interview for international protection
FI henkilökohtainen puhuttelu kansainvälisen suojelun
menettelyssä
B
Definition(s)
Derived by EMN from Art. 14 of Directive 2013/32/EU
(Recast Asylum Procedures Directive)
ET isiklik vestlus rahvusvahelise kaitse menetluses
A
H
asylum interview
interview in an asylum context
personal interview
I
J
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
GA agallamh pearsanta ar mhaithe le cosaint
idirnáisiúnta
HR saslušanje u postupku odobrenja međunarodne
zaštite
6.2.3 First Instance (Administrative) determination
procedure
K
Euro Voc Classification
L
12 Law| 2811 migration
HU személyes meghallgatás a nemzetközi védelmi igény
megállapítására irányuló eljárásban
IT colloquio personale per la protezione internazionale
LT asmeninis pokalbis dėl tarptautinės apsaugos (EU
acquis); prieglobsčio prašytojo asmeninė apklausa
LV personiskā intervija (starptautiskās aizsardzības
procedūrā)
MT Intervista personali għall-protezzjoni internazzjonali
NL persoonlijk gehoor/onderhoud over het verzoek om
internationale bescherming
PL przesłuchanie w procedurze udzielenia ochrony
miedzynarodowej
PT entrevista pessoal sobre pedido de proteção
internacional
F
M
Note(s)
1. The personal interview shall be conducted before a decision is taken by
the determining authority and shall take place under certain conditions set
out in Art. 15 of Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Procedures
Directive) . These conditions include:
safeguarding confidentiality and ensuring that
the interviewer is competent and able to take into account of the
personal and general circumstances surrounding the application;
wherever possible an interviewer of the same sex as the applicant is
provided;
an interpreter is selected who is able to ensure appropriate
communication between the interviewer and the applicant;
the interviewer does not wear a military or law enforcement uniform;
and
that interviews with minors are conducted in a child-appropriate
manner.
2. The term personal interview for international protection is more
commonly referred to as an asylum interview.
RO interviu individual pentru protecție internațională
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
SK osobný pohovor o žiadosti o medzinárodnú ochranu
(EU acquis); osobný pohovor o žiadosti o azyl
U
SL osebni razgovor za mednarodno zaščito
V
SV personlig intervju för internationellt skydd
NO personintervju ved søknad om internasjonal
beskyttelse (b); personintervju ved søknad om
internasjonalt verm (n)
W
KA ინდივიდუალური გასაუბრება საერთაშორისო
X
UK співбесіда для надання міжнародного захисту
Y
დაცვის მინიჭებასთან დაკავშირებით
HY
անհատական հարցազրույց միջազգային
պաշտպանության համար
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
439
population stock
BG брой на населението
CS obyvatelstvo (stav k) /počet obyvatel (stav k)
Definition(s)
DE Bevölkerungs(be)stand
The inhabitants of a given area on a certain date (e.g. 1
January or 31 December) of the year in question.
EL πληθυσμιακό απόθεμα
Source(s)
EN population stock
ES stock de población
ET rahvaarv kindlal territooriumil, teatud aja seisuga
FI väestökanta
FR stock de population
Derived by EMN from the definition of ‘total population’
in the Eurostat Glossary on Demographic Statistics
Narrower term(s)
migrant stock
Related term(s)
LT gyventojų skaičius
crude rate of net migration
migration flow
net migration
stock of foreigners
total migration
usually resident population
LV iedzīvotāju skaits (1. janvārī)
Euro Voc Classification
GA stoc daonra
HR broj stanovnika
HU népességszám
IT stock di popolazione
MT Rendikont tal-popolazzjoni
NL stand van de bevolking; omvang van de bevolking
(NL)
PL populacja w danym momencie
PT stock populacional
2816 demography and population
Note(s)
The population is based either on data from the most recent census,
adjusted by the components of population change produced since the last
census, or on population registers.
RO stoc de populaţie
SK počet obyvateľov
SL število prebivalstva
SV folkmängd
NO folketall (b); folketal (n)
KA მოსახლეობის ჯგუფი
UK чисельність населення
HY
440
բնակչության թվաքանակ
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
positive discrimination
BG позитивна дискриминация
CS pozitivní diskriminace
DE positive Diskriminierung
EL θετική διάκριση
EN positive discrimination
ES discriminación positiva
C
D
Definition(s)
A policy or a programme providing advantages for
certain groups of people who are seen to have
traditionally been discriminated against, with the aim of
creating a more egalitarian society.
E
Source(s)
G
ET eeliskohtlemine
Derived by EMN from the FRA (EUMC) Open Glossary (no
longer available online)
FI positiivinen syrjintä
Synonym(s)
FR discrimination positive
F
H
GA idirdhealú dearfach
affirmative action
positive action
I
HR pozitivna diskriminacija
Related term(s)
J
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
K
HU pozitív diszkrimináció
IT discriminazione positiva
LT pozityvioji diskriminacija
LV pozitīva diskriminācija
MT Diskriminazzjoni pożittiva
NL positieve discriminatie
PL dyskryminacja pozytywna
PT discriminação positiva
RO discriminare pozitivă
principle of equal treatment
14.3 Social factors and impacts (such as changes in
demographics, age, education level, diversity)
L
Euro Voc Classification
1236 rights and freedoms
M
Note(s)
N
This consists of preferential access to education, employment,
healthcare or social welfare.
O
SK pozitívna diskriminácia
SL pozitivna diskriminacija
P
SV positiv särbehandling
NO positiv diskriminering
Q
KA პოზიტიური დისკრიმინაცია
R
UK позитивна дискримінація
HY
դրական խտրականություն
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
441
posted worker
BG командирован работник
CS vyslaný pracovník
DE entsandter Arbeitnehmer
EL αποσπασμένος εργαζόμενος
EN posted worker
ES trabajador desplazado
ET lähetatud töötaja
FI lähetetty työntekijä
FR travailleur détaché
GA oibrí ar phostú
HR upućeni radnik
HU kiküldött munkavállaló
IT lavoratore distaccato
LT komandiruotas darbuotojas
Definition(s)
A worker who, for a limited period, carries out his work in
the territory of an EU Member State other than the State
in which they normally work.
Source(s)
Art. 2(1) of Directive 96/71/EC (Posting of Workers
Directive)
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
3.1 Migration for Economic Purposes
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration| 4406 employment
Note(s)
A posted worker is also one of the forms of ‘trade in services mode 4’
according to the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS).
LV darba ņēmējs, kurš norīkots darbā citā dalībvalstī
MT Ħaddiem stazzjonat / ippostjat
NL ter beschikking gestelde werknemer
PL pracownik oddelegowany
PT trabalhador destacado
RO lucrător detaşat
SK vyslaný pracovník
SL napoteni delavec
SV utstationerad arbetstagare
NO utsatt effektuering / iverksettelse (b); utsett
effektuering / iverksetjing (n)
KA ევროკავშირის ფარგლებში დასაქმებული
ევროკავშირის მოქალაქე
UK відряджений працівник
HY
442
գործուղված աշխատող
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
postponement of removal
BG отлагане на извеждането
C
D
Definition(s)
CS odklad vyhoštění
DE einstweilige Aussetzung der Abschiebung (EU acquis);
vorübergehende Aussetzung der Abschiebung /
Duldung (AT, DE); Aufschub der Abschiebung (LU)
EL αναβολή απομάκρυνσης
EN postponement of removal
ES aplazamiento de la expulsión
ET väljasaatmise edasilükkamine
FI maastapoistamisen lykkääminen
FR report de l’éloignement
(Temporary) suspension of removal of a third-country
national who has received a return decision but whose
removal is not possible either for humanitarian reasons
(as their removal would violate the principle of nonrefoulement or due to the third-country national›s
physical state or mental capacity) or for technical
reasons (such as lack of transport capacity or failure of
the removal due to lack of identification or the country
of origin›s refusal to accept the person) and for as long
as a suspensory effect is granted in accordance with
Art.13(2) of Directive 2008/115/EC (Return Directive).
Source(s)
GA an t-aistriú a chur siar
HR privremena odgoda prisilnog udaljenja
Derived by EMN from Art. 9 of Directive 2008/115/EC
(Return Directive)
HU a kitoloncolás elhalasztása
Synonym(s)
LT išsiuntimo atidėjimas (EU acquis); išsiuntimo
vykdymo sustabdymas
suspension of removal
temporary suspension of removal
tolerated stay
LV piespiedu izraidīšanas atlikšana
Euro Voc Classification
IT rinvio dell’allontanamento
NL uitstel van verwijdering
RO amânarea îndepărtării
SK odklad odsunu (EU acquis); tolerovaný pobyt
SL odložitev odstranitve
I
M
N
SV uppskov med avlägsnande
O
P
Q
R
NO utsatt uttransportering (b); utsett uttransportering (n)
KA გაძევების გადავადება
S
UK відстрочка вилучення
HY
H
L
1. Tolerated stay status is granted in a number of EU Member States with
differing definitions and regulated by different legal instruments. The
toleration is only a suspension of removal.
2. In several EU Member States, the term ‘tolerated stay’ is not formally
used anymore and has been replaced by ‘postponment of removal’ after
the transposition of Directive 2008/115/EC (Return Directive) .
3. For more information, see EMN: Alternatives to Detention, 2014 .
PT adiamento do afastamento
G
K
Note(s)
PL wstrzymanie wydalenia
F
J
12 Law| 2811 migration
MT Posponiment ta’ tneħħija
E
վտարման հետաձգում
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
443
Prague Process
BG Пражки процес
CS Pražský proces
DE Prager Prozess
EL Διαδικασία της Πράγας
EN Prague Process
ES Proceso de Praga
ET Praha protsess
FI Prahan prosessi
FR Processus de Prague
GA Próiseas Phrág
HR Praški proces
HU Prágai Folyamat
IT Processo di Praga
LT Prahos procesas
LV Prāgas process
MT Proċess (Il-) ta’ Praga
NL Praag Proces
PL Proces Praski
PT Processo de Praga
RO Procesul Praga / Procesul de la Praga
SK Pražský proces
SL Praški proces
SV Pragprocessen
NO Praha-prosessen
KA პრაღის პროცესი
UK Празький процес
HY
444
Պրահյան գործընթաց
Definition(s)
A targeted migration dialogue and a policy process
promoting migration partnerships among the countries
of the European Union, Schengen Area, Eastern
Partnership (EAP), Western Balkans, Central Asia,
Russia and Turkey.
Source(s)
Website of the Prague Process
Synonym(s)
Prague Process -Building Migration Partnerships
Related term(s)
Global Approach to Migration and Mobility (GAMM)
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
15.1 EU External dimension of migration and mobility
Euro Voc Classification
10 European Union
Note(s)
1. The Process originated from the EU financed project “Building Migration
Partnerships”, and was initiated during the Czech EU Presidency at the 1st
Prague Process Ministerial Conference with the endorsement of the
Prague Process Joint Declaration in April 2009.
2. In the Joint Declaration, serving as a common political framework, the
participating states agreed to strengthen co-operation in migration
management, to explore and develop agreed principles and elements for
close migration partnerships between their countries, following a
comprehensive, balanced, pragmatic and operational approach, and
respecting the rights and human dignity of migrants and their family
members, as well as of refugees.
3. The main principles and cooperation areas are set by Joint Declarations
which are updated in regular intervals. They include:
preventing and fighting irregular migration;
readmission, voluntary return and sustainable reintegration;
legal migration with a special emphasis on labour migration;
integration of legally residing migrants;
migration, mobility and development;
strengthening capacities in the area of asylum and international
protection.
4. All six cooperation areas mirror to a certain extent objectives of
the Global Approach to Migration and Mobility (GAMM), being the
overarching framework of the EU external migration and asylum policy. In
the context of the GAMM the Prague Process has been given a priority as
a regional dialogue process towards the East.
5. In addition to this dialogue, the Prague Process engages in:
The Migration Observatory which aims to provide impartial,
evidence-based analysis from across the Prague Process region and in
line with the six thematic areas of the Prague Process Action Plan;
The Training Academy which aims to provide tailor-made, targeted,
high-quality trainings in line with the six thematic areas
6. For more information see the website of the Prague Process.
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
preparatory class
BG подготвителен клас / подготвителен учебен час
CS přípravný kurz
EL Προπαρασκευαστικά μαθήματα (συν. τάξεις υποδοχής)
ES
ET ettevalmistusklass
FI valmistava luokka / valmistava opetus
FR cours préparatoire / classe préparatoire; classe
d’accueil / cours d’accueil (LU)
GA
HR pripremna nastava
HU előkészítő óra / előkészítő osztály
IT corso di preparazione
LT parengiamieji kursai
LV sagatavošanas klase
MT
Separate classes or lessons in which newly arrived
migrant children are provided with intensive language
teaching and, in some cases, an adapted curriculum for
other subjects,in order to facilitate their integration in
the regular school system.
Source(s)
Derived by EMN from
Eurydice Report: Integrating Students from Migrant
Backgrounds into Schools in Europe: National Policies,
2019.
PL zajęcia przygotowawcze
PT
RO clasă pregătitoare
SK prípravný kurz
SL pripravljalni pouk
SV förberedande undervisning / förberedelseklass
NO forberedende språkkurs (for barn av nyankomne
asylsøkere) (b); førebuande språkkurs (for barn av
nyankomne asylsøkarar) (n)
KA მოსამზადებელი კურსი
UK підготовче заняття
E
F
G
H
I
Synonym(s)
J
education for immigrant children
education for migrant children
reception class
transition class
welcome class
K
L
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
M
9.1 Integration measures
Euro Voc Classification
NL
HY
D
Definition(s)
DE Vorbereitungsklasse / Vorbereitungskurs;
Aufnahmeklasse / Aufnahmekurs (LU)
EN preparatory class
C
N
28 Social Questions| 2811 migration
O
Note(s)
1. Art.14(2)2 of Directive 2013/33/EU (Recast Reception Conditions
Directive) stipulates that “preparatory classes, including language classes,
shall be provided to minors where it is necessary to facilitate their access
to and participation in the education system.
2. However there is a diverging practice towards preparatory classes and/
or lessons among EU Members States. Most EU Member States place
newly arrived children and young people with a migratory background in
preparatory classes or lessons if their language skills are not strong
enough to follow mainstream teaching. Others place migrant children
directly in regular/mainstream classes, as they consider this practice to be
the most appropriate for integration. For more information see
the Eurydice Report: Integrating Students from Migrant Backgrounds
Education and Training into Schools in Europe: National Policies, August
2019.
նախապատրաստական դասընթացներ
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
445
presumed victim of trafficking
in human beings
BG предполагаема жертва на трафика на хора
CS pravděpodobná oběť obchodování s lidmi
DE vermutetes Opfer von Menschenhandel
EL φερόμενο θύμα εμπορίας ανθρώπων (EL); φερόμενο
θύμα εμπορίας προσώπων (CY)
EN presumed victim of trafficking in human beings
ES presunta victima de trata de seres humanos
Definition(s)
A person who has met the criteria of EU regulations and
international Conventions but has not been formally
identified by the relevant authorities (e.g. police) as a
trafficking victim or has declined to be formally or legally
identified as trafficked.
Source(s)
ET eeldatav inimkaubanduse ohver
Derived by EMN from Eurostat: Trafficking in human
being, 2015
FI oletettu ihmiskaupan uhri
Related term(s)
FR victime présumée de la traite des êtres humains
HR potencijalne žrtve trgovanja ljudima
identified victim of trafficking in human beings
trafficking in human beings
vulnerable person
HU emberkereskedelem feltételezett áldozata
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
GA duine ar dócha gur íospartach gáinneála é / í
IT vittima presunta di tratta di esseri umani
13.2 Trafficking in human beings
LT asmuo, galėjęs nukentėti nuo prekybos žmonėmis
Euro Voc Classification
LV persona, kuru uzskata par cilvēku tirdzniecības upuri
MT Preżumibbilment vittma fit-traffikar tal-persuni
NL vermoedelijk slachtoffer van mensenhandel
PL domniemana ofiara handlu ludźmi
PT presumível vítima de tráfico de seres humanos
12 Law| 2811 migration
Note(s)
If a person is presumed to be a victim of trafficking in human beings, this
does not rule out the possibility that the person’s status will later be
assessed otherwise (i.e. not identified / confirmed as a victim).
RO presupuse victime ale traficului de fiinţe umane
SK pravdepodobná obeť obchodovania s ľuďmi /
formálne neidentifikovaná obeť obchodovania s
ľuďmi
SL domnevna žrtev trgovine z ljudmi
SV förmodat offer för människohandel
NO antatt offer for menneskehandel
KA ადამიანით ვაჭრობის (ტრეფიკინგის)
სავარაუდო მსხვერპლი
UK ймовірна жертва торгівлі людьми
HY
446
մարդկանց թրաֆիքինգի ենթադրյալ զոհ
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
prima facie refugee
BG no translation
CS uprchlík prima facie
C
D
Definition(s)
ES refugiado (prima facie)
Person recognised as a refugee, by a State or
the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
(UNHCR), on the basis of objective criteria related to the
circumstances in their country of origin, which justify a
presumption that they meet the criteria of the applicable
refugee definition.
ET prima facie pagulane
Source(s)
DE Prima-Facie Flüchtling
EL εκ πρώτης όψεως πρόσφυγας
EN prima facie refugee
FI prima facie -pakolainen
UNHCR Master Glossary of Terms
FR réfugié prima facie
Broader term(s)
GA dídeanaí prima facie
refugee
HR izbjeglica prima facie
Related term(s)
HU prima facie alapon elismert menekült
IT rifugiato prima facie
LT prima facie pabėgėlis
LV prima facie bēglis
MT Rifuġjat(a) prima facie
NL prima facie vluchteling
PL uchodźca prima facie
PT refugiado prima facie
F
G
H
I
J
group determination of refugee status
group persecution
K
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
4.1.1 Refugee protection
L
Euro Voc Classification
1231 international law| 2811 migration
M
Note(s)
N
This term refers to a more theoretical concept and is often not applied.
RO refugiat prima facie
O
SK utečenec prima facie
SL prima facie begunec
P
SV prima facie-flykting
NO prima facie-flyktning
Q
KA პრიმა ფაციე (prima facie/”ერთი შეხედვით”)
ლტოლვილი
R
UK біженець prima facie
HY
E
S
առերևույթ փախստական
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
447
principle of equal treatment
BG принцип на равно третиране
CS princip rovného zacházení
DE Gleichbehandlungsgrundsatz
EL αρχή της ίσης μεταχείριση
EN principle of equal treatment
ES principio de igualdad de trato
ET võrdse kohtlemise põhimõte
FI yhtäläisen kohtelun periaate
FR principe d’égalité de traitement
GA an prionsabal um chóir chomhionann
HR načelo jednakog postupanja
Definition(s)
The principle that there shall be no direct or indirect
discrimination based on racial or ethnic origin, sex,
religion or belief, disability, age or sexual orientation.
Source(s)
Derived by EMN from Art. 2 of Council Directive
2000/43/EC (Racial Equality Directive) and
Art. 13 of the Treaty of Amsterdam
Synonym(s)
equal opportunities
Narrower term(s)
HU egyenlő bánásmód elve
direct discrimination
indirect discrimination
IT principio di parità di trattamento
Related term(s)
LT vienodo požiūrio principas
LV vienlīdzīgas attieksmes princips
positive discrimination
victimisation
MT Prinċipju (Il-) ta’ trattament ugwali
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
NL beginsel van gelijke behandeling
PL zasada równego traktowania
PT princípio da igualdade de tratamento
RO principiul tratamentului egal
SK zásada rovnakého zaobchádzania / princíp rovnakého
zaobchádzania
SL načelo enakega obravnavanja
SV principen om likabehandling
NO prinsippet om likebehandling
KA თანასწორი მოპყრობის პრინციპი
UK принцип рівного ставлення
HY
448
հավասար վերաբերմունքի սկզբունք
14.3 Social factors and impacts (such as changes in
demographics, age, education level, diversity)
Euro Voc Classification
1236 rights and freedoms
Note(s)
1. This is an important right conferred by EU citizenship. The Treaty of
Amsterdam added a new Art. 13 to the Treaty, reinforcing the principle of
non-discrimination. Under this article, the Council has the power to take
appropriate action to combat discrimination based on sex, racial or ethnic
origin, religion or belief, disability, age or sexual orientation.
2. The term ‘equal treatment’ has a distinct use / meaning when used in
the context of bilateral social security agreements between EU Member
States as per Regulation (EU) No 465/2012 on the coordination of social
security systems.
3. For more information see EMN: Migrant Access to Social Security and
Healthcare -policy and practice, 2014 .
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
procedural guarantees
BG процедурни гаранции
C
D
Definition(s)
CS procesní záruky
ES garantías procedimentales
In the EU asylum context, special guarantees addressing
the legal rights of applicants for international
protection as outlined in Chapter II of Directive
2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Procedures Directive) and
Art. 6 of the European Convention of Human Rights
(ECHR).
ET menetlustagatised
Source(s)
DE Verfahrensgarantien
EL διαδικαστικές εγγυήσεις
EN procedural guarantees
FR garanties procédurales
GA ráthaíochtaí nós imeachta
J
procedural safeguards
HU eljárási garanciák
Broader term(s)
IT garanzie procedurali
K
procedure for international protection
LT procedūrinės garantijos
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
LV procesuālās garantijas
MT Garanziji proċedurali
6.2 Procedure for international protection/Refugee status
determination
NL procedurele waarborgen
Euro Voc Classification
PL gwarancje proceduralne
1231 international law| 2811 migration
Note(s)
SK procesné záruky / procedurálne záruky
SL postopkovna jamstva
SV förfarandegarantier
NO saksbehandlingsgaranti (b); sakshandsamingsgaranti
(n)
KA პროცედურული გარანტიები
UK процедурні гарантії
HY
ընթացակարգային երաշխիքներ
L
M
N
PT garantias processuais
RO garanții procedurale
G
I
Synonym(s)
HR postupovna jamstva
F
H
Chapter II of Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum
Procedures Directive) and
Art. 6 of the European Convention of Human Rights
FI menettelylliset takeet
E
These guarantees comprise the following rights of applicants for
international protection: access to the procedure for international
protection; right to remain in the Member State pending the examination of the application for international protection; information on
their rights and obligations in a language they understand; acess
to interpreters; the opportunity to communicate with the United
Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) or with any other
organisation providing legal advice or other counselling; notice in
reasonable time of the decision by the determining authority on their
application; a personal interview, and free legal assistance and
representation granted on request in the appeals procedures (including
the preparation of the required procedural documents and participation in
the hearing before a court or tribunal of first instance on behalf of the
applicant.
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
449
procedure for international
protection
BG производство за предоставяне на международна
закрила
CS řízení o udělení mezinárodní ochrany
DE Verfahren auf internationalen Schutz
EL διαδικασία σχετικά με τη διεθνή προστασία
EN procedure for international protection
ES procedimiento para la protección internacional
ET rahvusvahelise kaitse menetlus
FI kansainvälistä suojelua koskeva menettely
FR procédure de demande d’une protection
internationale
Definition(s)
Set of measures described in the Directive 2013/32/
EU (Recast Asylum Procedures Directive) which
encompasses all necessary steps for granting and
withdrawing international protection starting
with making an application for international
protection to the final decision in appeals procedures.
Source(s)
Developed by EMN
Synonym(s)
HU nemzetközi védelemre vonatkozó eljárás
asylum procedure
protection determination procedure
refugee determination procedure
RSD procedure
international protection determination procedure
IT procedura di protezione internazionale
Narrower term(s)
GA Nós imeachta maidir le cosaint idirnáisiúnta
HR postupak za međunarodnu zaštitu
LT tarptautinės apsaugos procedūra (EU acquis);
prieglobsčio procedūra
LV starptautiskās aizsardzības procedūra
MT Proċedura għall-protezzjoni internazzjonali
NL procedure voor de toekenning van internationale
bescherming
PL procedura udzielania ochrony międzynarodowej
PT Procedimento de concessão e retirada do estatuto de
proteção internacional
RO procedura de protecție internațională / procedura
privind protecția internațională
SK procedúra medzinárodnej ochrany / konanie o
medzinárodnej ochrane (EU acquis); konanie o
udelenie azylu / konanie o azyle
SL postopek mednarodne zaščite
SV förfarande för att pröva internationellt skydd
NO prosedyre ved søknad om internasjonal beskyttelse
(b); prosedyre ved søknad om internasjonalt vern
(etter søknad om internasjonalt vern) (n)
KA საერთაშორისო დაცვის პროცედურა
UK процедура надання міжнародного захисту
HY
450
access to the procedure for international protection
examination of an application for international
protection
personal interview for international protection
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
6.2 Procedure for international protection/Refugee status
determination
Euro Voc Classification
12 Law| 2811 migration
Note(s)
1. These steps are in particular: making and lodging an application for
international protection, registration of the applicant and establishment
of the applicant’s identity by means of identification, examination of the
application including the personal interview, decision at first instance,
appeals procedure and final decision in the appeals procedure. The
procedures include special procedures such as the Dublin procedure or
accelerated procedures as well as the distribution and accommodation of
the applicants.
2. Directive 2013/32/EU(Recast Asylum Procedures Directive) provides the
framework for a single application procedure comprising common
guarantees and standards for the qualification of third-country
nationals or stateless persons as beneficiaries of international
protection, or for persons eligible for subsidiary protection and for
the content of the protection granted in order to complete the
establishment of a Common European Asylum System (CEAS).
միջազգային պաշտպանության վերաբերյալ
ընթացակարգ
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
protection
BG закрила
CS ochrana
DE Schutz
EL άτομο που απολαύει προσωρινής προστασίας
EN protection
ES protección
ET kaitse
FI suojelu
C
D
Definition(s)
A concept that encompasses all activities aimed at
obtaining full respect for the rights of the individual in
accordance with the letter and spirit of human rights,
refugee and international humanitarian law.
E
Source(s)
G
Narrower term(s)
H
UNHCR Master Glossary of Terms
IT protezione
actor of protection
humanitarian protection
international protection
regional development and protection programme (RDPP)
subsidiary protection
temporary protection
LT apsauga
Related term(s)
FR protection
GA cosaint
HR zaštita
HU védelem
LV aizsardzība
asylum
MT Protezzjoni / Ħarsien
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
4. International Protection and other Types of Protection
PL ochrona
Euro Voc Classification
RO protecţie
SK ochrana
SL zaščita
SV skydd
J
K
M
1231 international law| 2811 migration
N
Note(s)
O
Protection involves creating an environment conducive to respect for
human beings, preventing and / or alleviating the immediate effects of a
specific pattern of abuse, and restoring dignified conditions of life through
reparation, restitution and rehabilitation.
NO beskyttelse (b); vern (n)
P
Q
KA დაცვა
R
UK захист
HY
I
L
NL bescherming
PT protecção
F
պաշտպանություն
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
451
Public Register of Authentic Travel and
Identity Documents Online (PRADO)
BG Публичен онлайн регистър за автентични
документи за пътуване и самоличност
LV autentisku personu apliecinošu un ceļošanas
dokumentu publiskais reģistrs tiešsaistē
CS Veřejný rejstřík pravých dokladů totožnosti a
cestovních dokladů online
MT Reġistru Pubbliku Online ta’ Dokumenti Awtentiċi
tal-Identità u l-Ivvjaġġar
DE Öffentliches online-Register echter Identitäts- und
Reisedokumente
NL Openbaar onlineregister van authentieke reis- en
identiteitsdocumenten
EL Διαδικτυακό δημόσιο μητρώο γνήσιων εγγράφων
ταυτότητας και ταξιδιωτικών εγγράφων (PRADO)
PL Publiczny Rejestr Autentycznych Dokumentów
Tożsamości i Podroży
EN Public Register of Authentic Travel and Identity
Documents Online (PRADO)
PT Registo Público on-line de Documentos Autênticos de
Identidade e de Viagem
ES Registro público en línea de documentos auténticos
de identidad y de viaje
RO Registrul public online al documentelor autentice de
identitate și de călătorie
ET Ehtsate isikut tõendavate ja reisidokumentide avalik
veebiregister
SK Verejný register pravých dokladov totožnosti a
cestovných dokladov online (PRADO)
FI Julkinen aitojen matkustus- ja henkilöasiakirjojen
sähköinen tietokanta (PRADO)
SL Spletni javni register pristnih osebnih in potnih listin
(PRADO)
FR Registre public en ligne de documents authentiques
d’identité et de voyage (PRADO)
SV det offentliga registret över äkta identitets- och
resehandlingar online / PRADO
GA an Clár Poiblí ar Líne de Dhoiciméid Bharántúla
Aitheantais agus Taistil
NO nettbasert referansedatabase for identitets- og
reisedokumenter (b); nettbasert referansedatabase
for identitets- og reisedokument (n)
HR Javni internetski registar vjerodostojnih osobnih i
putnih isprava (PRADO)
HU Eredeti úti és személyazonosító okmányok nyilvános
online adatbázisa
IT Registro pubblico online dei documenti di identità e di
viaggio autentici
LT Autentiškų tapatybės ir kelionės dokumentų internete
viešas registras
452
KA ავთენტიკური სამგზავრო და პირადობის
დამადასტურებელი დოკუმენტების საჯარო
ონლაინრეესტრი (PRADO)
UK Відкритий онлайн-реєстр справжніх документів,
що посвідчують особу, і проїзних документів
(PRADO)
HY
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
Ճանապարհորդության և անձը հաստատող
փաստաթղթերի առցանց գրանցամատյան
A
B
C
D
Definition(s)
E
A reference database containing information about
authentic travel and identity documents and other
important documents issued by authorities from EU
Member States and Schengen countries and some third
countries.
F
G
Source(s)
Public Register of Authentic travel and identity
Documents Online: official website
H
Synonym(s)
I
PRADO
Broader term(s)
J
Euro Voc Classification
K
False and Authentic Documents Online (FADO)
1011 European Union law| 2811 migration
L
Note(s)
1. PRADO is the publically available component of FADO.
2. The database/website contains images and multilingual summary
information on some of the most commonly used identity documents
(such as driving licences, civil status documents, residence and work
permits) of the EU Member States and some third countries. Users may
find a full description of the most important and the easily-checkable
security features of these documents, like watermarks, security threads
and more.
3. The information is selected and provided by document experts in the EU
Member States, IC, NO and CH.
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
453
pull factor
BG притегателен фактор
CS pull faktor
Definition(s)
DE Pull-Faktor
The condition(s) or circumstance(s) that attract
a migrant to another country.
EL πόλος έλξης
Source(s)
EN pull factor
Derived by EMN from IOM Glossary on Migration, 2019.
ES factor de atracción
Broader term(s)
ET tõmbefaktor
push-pull factor
FI vetotekijä
Related term(s)
FR facteur d’attraction
push factor
GA toisc tharraingthe
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
HR čimbenik privlačenja
14. Factors and Impacts of Migration
HU pull faktor / ösztönző tényező
Euro Voc Classification
IT fattore di attrazione
LT traukos veiksnys
LV pievilkšanas faktors
MT Fattur t’attrazzjoni / ta’ ġibda
NL pull factor / aantrekkende factor
2811 migration
Note(s)
As recognised by the project European Reintegration Networking, this can
be for a specific or a variety of reasons, e.g. expanding economic
opportunities and potential for advancement in the country of destination.
PL czynnik przyciągający
PT fator de atração / pull factor
RO factor de atragere / pull factor
SK stimulačný faktor / pull faktor
SL dejavnik potega / dejavnik privlačevanja
SV pull-faktor
NO trekkfaktor
KA მიგრაციის მიმზიდველი (pull) ფაქტორი
UK фактор, який стимулює міграційний притік / фактор
притягування
HY
454
ձգող գործոն
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
push back
C
BG отблъскване
CS pushback
DE Pushback (no usual translation) / illegales
Zurückdrängen von Migranten
EL Επαναπροώθηση
EN push back
ES retroceso forzado
ET tagasitõrjumine
FI pushback-toiminta
FR refoulement / push back / renvoi illégal de migrants
HR pushback
HU push back
LV novirzīšana atpakaļ
MT push back
NL pushback
PT reenvio forçado
SK vytláčanie migrantov na vonkajších hraniciach / push
back
HY
հետադարձ (ետ մղել)
F
G
H
J
K
L
Related term(s)
M
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
N
13. Irregular Migration| 13.3 Crimes related to migration
RO respingere la frontieră / împins înapoi
UK видворення
I
non-refoulement
PL push back
KA უკან გაბრუნება
Source(s)
pushback
push-back
push back at sea
LT apgręžimas
NO push back
E
Synonym(s)
IT respingimento
SV push back
Various measures taken by states which result
in migrants, including applicants for international
protection, being summarily forced back to the country
from where they attempted to cross or have crossed an
international border without access to international
protection or asylum procedures or denied of any
individual assessment on their protection needs
which may lead to a violation of the principle of nonrefoulement.
Derived by EMN from Special Rapporteur on the human
rights of migrants: Report on means to address the
human rights impact of pushbacks of migrants on land
and at sea, 12 May 2021.
GA brú siar
SL nezakonito zavračanje
D
Definition(s)
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration
O
P
Note(s)
1. While there is no internationally agreed legal definition of the term push
back in the area of migration, it can be understood as behaviour violating
the general rule of non-refoulement.
2. Art. 18 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European
Union guarantees the right to asylum and Art. 19 prohibits
collective expulsions. This article as well as Art. 3 of the European
Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) prohibit to remove, expel or
extradite an individual to a State where there is a serious risk that they
would be subjected to the death penalty, torture or other inhuman or
degrading treatment or punishment. They can also apply extraterritorially,
e.g. if EU Agencies operate outside EU territory.
3. Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive) codifies in Art.
21(1) the principle of non-refoulement as defined in Art. 33 of
the Geneva Refugee Convention and Protocol and prohibits EU
Member States expelling an individual declaring the will of applying
for international protection to a country where they face a real risk
of persecution. Art. 78 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European
Union (TFEU) stipulates that the EU must provide a common policy
for asylum, subsidiary protection and temporary protection with a
view to offering appropriate status to any third-country national requiring international protection and ensuring compliance with the principle of
non-refoulement.
4. For more information see: European Parliament: Briefing Pushbacks at
the EU’s external borders.
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
455
push factor
BG отблъскващ фактор
CS push faktor
Definition(s)
DE Push-Faktor
The condition(s) or circumstance(s) in a country of
origin that impel or stimulate emigration.
EL παράγοντας απώθησης
Source(s)
EN push factor
Derived by EMN from IOM Glossary on Migration, 2019.
ES factor de expulsión
Broader term(s)
ET tõukefaktor
push-pull factor
FI työntötekijä
Related term(s)
FR facteur de répulsion / facteur de rejet
pull factor
GA toisc bhrú
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
HR čimbenik odbijanja
HU push faktor / kényszerítő tényező
IT fattore di spinta
LT stūmimo veiksnys
LV atgrūšanas faktors
MT Fattur ta’ ripulsjoni / ta’ tbarrija
NL push factor / afstotende factor
1. Framework Concepts on Migration (including root
causes of migration| 14. Factors and Impacts of
Migration
Euro Voc Classification
Note(s)
As recognised by the project European Reintegration Networking, this can
be for a specific or a variety of reasons, e.g. declining economic
opportunities or political instability may stimulate emigration.
PL czynik wypychający
PT fator de afastamento / push factor
RO factor de împingere / push factor
SK nútiaci faktor / push faktor
SL dejavnik potiska / dejavnik odbijanja
SV push-faktor
NO skyvfaktor (b); skuvfaktor (n)
KA მიგრაციის მაიძულებელი (push) ფაქტორი
UK фактор, який стимулює міграційний відтік / фактор
виштовхування
HY
456
վանող գործոն
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
push-pull factor
C
BG фактори на привличане и отблъскване
CS push-pull faktor
DE Push-Pull-Faktor
EL παράγοντας απώθησης και έλξης
EN push-pull factor
ES factores de expulsión / atracción
Factors which initiate and influence the decision
to migrate, either by attracting them to another
country (pull factors) or by impelling or
stimulating emigration (push factors).
E
Source(s)
G
Narrower term(s)
H
FI työntö- ja vetotekijä
FR facteur de répulsion et d’attraction / facteur de rejet
et d’attraction
pull factor
push factor
HU push-pull faktor / kényszertő-ösztönző tényező
IT fattore di spinta-attrazione
Euro Voc Classification
LT stūmimo-traukos veiksnys
I
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
1. Framework Concepts on Migration (including root
causes of migration| 14. Factors and Impacts of
Migration
HR čimbenik odbijanja-privlačenja
F
Developed by EMN
ET tõuke-tõmbefaktor
GA toisc bhrú is tarraingthe
D
Definition(s)
J
K
2811 migration
L
LV atgrūšanas-pievilkšanas faktors / motivētājfaktors
MT Fattur ta’ ripulsjoni-attrazzjoni / ta’ ġibda-tbarrija
M
NL push-pull factor
N
PL czynnik wypychający i przyciągający
PT fator de afastamento - fator de atração
O
RO factor de împingere-atracție / push-pull factor
SK motivačný faktor / push-pull faktor
P
SL dejavnik potiska in potega / dejavnik odbijanja in
privlačevanja
Q
SV push- och pull-faktor
NO skyv-trekk-faktor (b); skuv-trekk-faktor (n)
KA მიგრაციის მამოძრავებელი (push-pull)
R
UK фактор притягування-виштовхування
S
ფაქტორები
HY
վանող-ձգող գործոն
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
457
quota
BG квота
CS kvóta
Definition(s)
DE Quote
In the migration context, a quantitative restriction on
the number of migrants admitted into a State.
EL ποσόστωση
Source(s)
EN quota
Developed by EMN
ES cuota
Narrower term(s)
ET piirarv
immigration quota
FI kiintiö
Related term(s)
FR quota
managed migration
GA cuóta
Euro Voc Classification
HR kvota
HU kvóta
IT quota
LT kvota
2811 migration
Note(s)
Many countries establish quotas, or caps, on the number of migrants to
be admitted each year.
LV kvota
MT Kwota
NL quotum
PL kwota
PT quota
RO cotă
SK kvóta
SL kvota
SV kvot
NO kvote
KA კვოტა
UK Квота
HY
458
բաժնեչափ
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
Rabat Process
BG процес от Рабат
CS Rabatský proces
DE Rabat-Prozess
EL Διαδικασία του Ραμπάτ
EN Rabat Process
ES Proceso de Rabat
ET Rabati protsess
FI Rabatin prosessi
FR Processus de Rabat
GA Próiseas Rabat
HR Rabatski proces
C
A framework for dialogue and consultation between EU
Member States and African countries from North, West
and Central Africa, as well as the European Commission
and the Economic Community of West African States
(ECOWAS), focusing on regional cooperation in the field
of migration between countries of origin, transit and
destination along current migration routes and within
which concrete, practical initiatives are implemented.
Source(s)
Synonym(s)
IT Processo di Rabat
LT Rabato procesas
Related term(s)
LV Rabātas process
MT Proċess (Il-) ta’ Rabat
NL Rabat-proces / Proces van Rabat
PL Proces rabacki
PT Processo de Rabat
RO Procesul de la Rabat
SK Rabatský proces / Euro-africký dialóg o migrácii a
rozvoji
SL Rabatski proces / Evroafriški dialog o migracijah in
razvoju
SV Rabatprocessen
NO Den europeisk-afrikanske dialogen om migrasjon
F
G
H
J
K
European Union Emergency Trust Fund for Africa (EUTF
for Africa)
Global Approach to Migration and Mobility (GAMM)
Khartoum Process
L
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
N
Euro Voc Classification
O
15.1 EU External dimension of migration and mobility
04 Politics| 2811 migration
M
P
Note(s)
1. The Euro-African Migration and Development process started with a
ministerial conference in Rabat in 2006.
2. For more information, see the Website of the Rabat Process.
KA რაბატის პროცესი
UK Рабатський процес
HY
E
I
Website of the Rabat Process
Euro-African Dialogue on Migration and Development
Euro-African Ministerial Conference on Migration and
Development
HU Rabati Folyamat
D
Definition(s)
Q
R
S
Ռաբաթի գործընթաց
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
459
racial discrimination
BG расова дискриминация
CS rasová diskriminace
DE rassistische Diskriminierung / Rassendiskriminierung
EL φυλετική διάκριση
EN racial discrimination
ES discriminación racial
ET rassiline diskrimineerimine
FI rotusyrjintä
FR discrimination raciale
GA idirdhealú ciníoch
HR rasna diskriminacija
HU faji diszkrimináció
IT discriminazione razziale
LT rasinė diskriminacija
LV rasu diskriminācija
MT Diskriminazzjoni razzjali
Definition(s)
Any distinction, exclusion, restriction or preference based
on race, colour, descent, or national or ethnic origin which
has the purpose or effect of nullifying or impairing the
recognition, enjoyment or exercise, on an equal footing,
of human rights and fundamental freedoms in the
political, economic, social, cultural or any other field of
public life.
Source(s)
Art. 1(1) of UN Convention on the Elimination of All
Forms of Racial Discrimination
Broader term(s)
discrimination
Related term(s)
racism
xenophobia
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
NL rassendiscriminatie
14.3 Social factors and impacts (such as changes in
demographics, age, education level, diversity)
PL dyskryminacja rasowa
Euro Voc Classification
PT discriminação racial
RO discriminare rasială
SK rasová diskriminácia
SL rasna diskriminacija
SV rasdiskriminering
NO rasediskriminering
KA რასობრივი დისკრიმინაცია
UK расова дискримінація
HY
460
1236 rights and freedoms
Note(s)
1. The Convention does not define ‘race’ but it does define ‘racial
discrimination’.
2. Distinctions made on the basis of citizenship (that is, between citizens
and non-citizens) are specifically excluded from the definition, as are
affirmative action policies and other measures taken to redress
imbalances and promote equality.
3. Some institutions such as the United Nations High Commissoner for
Refugees (UNHCR) and the European Union Agency for Asylum
(EUAA) use the term ‘discrimination’ with the same definition.
ռասայական խտրականություն
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
racism
BG расизъм
CS rasismus
C
D
Definition(s)
DE Rassismus
Ideas or theories of superiority of one race or group of
persons of one colour or ethnic origin.
E
EL ρατσισμός
Source(s)
F
EN racism
ES racismo
ET rassism
FI rasismi
FR racisme
GA ciníochas
HR rasizam
HU rasszizmus
IT razzismo
Art. 4 of UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms
of Racial Discrimination
Related term(s)
racial discrimination
xenophobia
H
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
I
14.3 Social factors and impacts (such as changes in
demographics, age, education level, diversity)
J
Euro Voc Classification
28 Social Questions
K
Note(s)
L
LT rasizmas
LV rasisms
MT Razziżmu
NL racisme
PL rasizm
PT racismo
RO rasism
SK rasizmus
SL rasizem
SV rasism
NO rasisme
KA რასიზმი
UK расизм
HY
ռասիզմ
G
1. Racism can be defined in many ways. A broad, general definition is used
here in order to have a common understanding of the concept. However,
there is a problem in that the term ‘racism’ presupposes the existence of
different races. Recital (6) of Directive 2000/43/EC (Racial Equality
Directive) states that ‘The European Union rejects theories which attempt
to determine the existence of separate human races.’
2. According to the EU acquis, and specifically Art. 1 of the Council
Framework Decision 2008/913/JHA, offences concerning racism
and xenophobia are considered to be:
(a) publicly inciting to violence or hatred directed against a group of
persons or a member of such a group defined by reference to race, colour,
religion, descent or national or ethnic origin;
(b) the commission of an act referred to in point (a) by public
dissemination or distribution of tracts, pictures or other material;
(c) publicly condoning, denying or grossly trivialising crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes as defined in Articles 6,
7 and 8 of the Statute of the International Criminal Court, directed against
a group of persons or a member of such a group defined by reference to
race, colour, religion, descent or national or ethnic origin when the conduct
is carried out in a manner likely to incite violence or hatred against such a
group or a member of such a group;
(d) publicly condoning, denying or grossly trivialising the crimes defined in
Art. 6 of the Charter of the International Military Tribunal appended to the
London Agreement of 8 August 1945, directed against a group of persons
or a member of such a group
3. The Council of Europe provides further insight into the understanding of
this term at http://www.eycb.coe.int/compass/en/chapter_5/5_4.html
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
461
Rapid Border Intervention
Team (RABIT)
BG Група за бързо реагиране по границата
CS pohraniční jednotka rychlé reakce
Definition(s)
ES equipos de intervención rápida en frontera
A mechanism providing rapid operational assistance
for a limited period to a requesting EU Member State
facing a situation of urgent and exceptional pressure at
points of the external EU borders from large numbers
of third-country nationals trying to enter the territory
of the EU Member State illegally.
ET piirivalve kiirreageerimisrühm
Source(s)
DE Soforteinsatzteam für Grenzsicherungszwecke
EL Ομάδα Tαχείας Eπέμβασης στα Σύνορα (RABIT)
EN Rapid Border Intervention Team
FI Rajavalvonnan nopean toiminnan joukot (RABIT)
FR équipe d’intervention rapide aux frontières (RABIT)
GA Foireann Mhear-idirghabhála Teorainneacha
HR Tim granične policije za hitnu intervenciju (RABIT)
HU gyorsreagálású határvédelmi csapat
IT Squadra di intervento rapido alle frontiere
LT Pasienio greitojo reagavimo komanda
LV ātrās reaģēšanas robežapsardzes vienība
Art. 1(1) of Council Regulation (EC) No 863/2007 (Rapid
Border Intervention Teams Regulation)
Synonym(s)
RABIT
Related term(s)
European Border and Coast Guard Agency (Frontex)
Euro Voc Classification
10 European Union| 2811 migration
MT Timijiet t’Intervent Rapidu mal-Fruntieri
NL snelle-grensinterventieteams
PL Zespół Szybkiego Reagowania na Granicy
PT Equipa de Intervenção Rápida nas Fronteiras
RO Echipe de intervenţie rapidă la frontieră
SK rýchle pohraničné zásahové tímy (RABIT)
SL skupina za hitro posredovanje na mejah
SV snabb gränsinsatsenhet
NO beredskapsgruppe for grensekontroll
KA საზღვარზე ჩარევის ოპერაციული ჯგუფი
UK Прикордонні сили швидкого реагування
HY
462
Սահմանային շտապ միջամտության խումբ
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
readmission
BG обратно приемане
CS readmise
DE Rückübernahme
EL επανεισδοχή
EN readmission
ES readmisión
ET tagasivõtmine
FI takaisinotto
FR réadmission
GA Athligean isteach
HR ponovni prihvat
HU visszafogadás
IT Riammissione
LT readmisija
LV atpakaļuzņemšana
MT riammissjoni
NL overname
PL readmisja
PT Readmissão
RO readmisie
C
D
Definition(s)
E
Act by a State accepting the re-entry of an individual
(own national, third-country national or stateless
person).
F
Source(s)
Derived by EMN from IOM Glossary on Migration, 2019.
Narrower term(s)
H
readmission agreement
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration
I
Note(s)
J
1. In order to foster the return of migrants who have been ordered to
leave the European Union, the EU co-operates actively with the home
countries of irregular migrants, in particular through EU readmission
agreements (EURA). These set out clear obligations as well as detailed
administrative and operational procedures, to facilitate the return and
transit of persons who are irregularly residing. They aim at improving
cooperation between administrations and can only be used after a return
decision has been made in accordance with the procedural guarantees
set by the Directive 2008/115/EC (Return Directive) and the relevant EU
asylum rules.
2. Some EU readmission agreements include third-country national
clauses allowing applications for readmission of persons who do not have
the nationality of either of the Parties (including stateless persons) and
who transited the territory of one of the Parties.
SK readmisia
SL ponovni sprejem
K
L
M
N
O
P
SV återtagande
NO tilbaketakelse (b); tilbaketaking (n)
Q
KA რეადმისია
R
UK реадмісія
HY
G
հետընդունում
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
463
readmission agreement
BG споразумение за реадмисия
CS readmisní dohoda
DE Rückübernahmeabkommen
EL συμφωνία επανεισδοχής
EN readmission agreement
ES acuerdo de readmisión
ET tagasivõtuleping
FI takaisinottosopimus
FR accord de réadmission
GA comhaontú um athghlactha isteach
Definition(s)
An agreement between the European Union (EU) and / or
an EU Member State with a third country, on the basis
of reciprocity, establishing rapid and effective procedures
for the identification and safe and orderly return of
persons who do not, or no longer, fulfil the conditions
for entry to, presence in, or residence in the territories
of the third country or one of the EU Member States,
and to facilitate the transit of such persons in a spirit of
cooperation.
Source(s)
HR sporazum o ponovnom prihvatu
Preamble to EU Readmission Agreements (e.g. EU
Readmission Agreement with Serbia)
HU visszafogadási egyezmény
Broader term(s)
IT accordo di riammissione
readmission
LT readmisijos susitarimas
Related term(s)
LV atpakaļuzņemšanas nolīgums
MT Ftehim ta’ dħul mill-ġdid / ta’ riammissjoni
NL overnameovereenkomst
PL umowa readmisyjna
PT acordo de readmissão
RO acord de readmisie
SK readmisná dohoda
SL sporazum o ponovnem sprejemu / sporazum o
vračanju
SV återtagandeavtal
return
mobility partnership
Euro Voc Classification
1011 European Union law| 2811 migration
Note(s)
1. Readmission agreements concluded between the EU and a third country
supersede those of any EU Member State with the same country, although
this might not be the case for DK and possibly IE as these EU Member
States can choose not to participate in (opt-in to) the relevant EU
agreement.
2. For more information, see the website of the European Commission on
readmission.
NO returavtale
KA რეადმისიის შესახებ შეთანხმება
UK угода про реадмісію
HY
464
հետընդունման համաձայնագիր
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
real risk of suffering serious harm
BG реален риск от тежки посегателства
C
D
Definition(s)
CS hrozba skutečného nebezpečí vážné újmy
DE tatsächliche Gefahr, einen ernsthaften Schaden zu
erleiden
Risk of serious harm experienced by an applicant for
international protection which is considered to be
both real and likely to occur.
EL πραγματικός κίνδυνος σοβαρής βλάβης
Source(s)
EN real risk of suffering serious harm
Developed by EMN
ES riesgo real de sufrir daños graves
Broader term(s)
ET reaalne risk tõsise ohu tekkimiseks
serious harm
FI todellinen vaara joutua kärsimään vakavaa haittaa
Related term(s)
FR risque réel de subir des atteintes graves
GA baol iarbhír díobháil thromchúiseach a fhulaingt
HR stvaran rizik od trpljenja ozbiljne nepravde
HU súlyos sérelem elszenvedésének tényleges veszélye
IT rischio effettivo di subire un grave danno
LV reāls risks ciest smagu kaitējumu
NL reëel risico op het lijden van ernstige schade
PL rzeczywiste ryzyko doznania poważnej krzywdy
PT risco real de sofrer ofensa grave
RO risc real de vătămare gravă
SK reálne riziko utrpenia vážneho bezprávia / reálne
riziko vážneho bezprávia
SL utemeljeno tveganje resne škode
SV verklig risk för att lida allvarlig skada
NO reell fare for alvorlig skade (b); reell fare for alvorleg
skade (n)
KA სერიოზული ზიანის მიღების რეალური რისკი
H
credibility assessment
well-founded fear of persecution
I
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
J
Euro Voc Classification
K
4.1.2 Subsidiary protection
L
Note(s)
MT riskju veru ta’ dannu serju
1. The likelihood of an applicant for international protection suffering
serious harm is assessed in order to provide a standard of proof for
assessing eligibility for subsidiary protection. According to Art. 4(4) of
the Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive) on the
‘assessment of facts and circumstances’, earlier serious harm or direct
threats are appraised as a ‘serious indication of the applicant’s real risk of
suffering serious harm, unless there are good reasons to consider that
such persecution or serious harm will not be repeated’.
2. The European Court of Human Rights has ruled in a high number of
different cases that there is a violation of Art. 3 of the European
Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) ‘if substantial grounds have been
shown for believing that the person concerned, if deported, faces a real
risk of being subjected to treatment contrary to Art. 3 ECHR’. In light of the
Court’s consequent jurisprudence, this standard means that:
(a) there is no need for the risk to be very high (no certainty or significant
probability requirement);
(b) at the same time the risk cannot be a mere possibility (a distant,
vague or theoretical alternative).
UK реальний ризик зазнати серйозної шкоди
HY
F
G
1011 European Union law| 2811 migration
LT realus pavojus patirti didelę žalą
E
լուրջ վնասի իսկական վտանգ
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
465
receiving Member State
BG приемаща държава членка
CS přijímající členský stát
Definition(s)
ES estado miembro receptor
In the context of the Dublin Regulation, the (EU)
Member State that was designated responsible for
the examination of an application of international
protection, after having accepted the take back
request, must receive the applicant concerned on its
territory.
ET vastuvõttev liikmesriik
Source(s)
DE Zielstaat (EU acquis); aufnehmender Mitgliedstaat
EL κράτος-μέλος υποδοχής
EN receiving Member State
HR država članica prihvata
Derived by EMN from Art. 31 (2b) of Regulation (EU) No
604/2013 (Dublin III Regulation), and
EASO-CdT Terminology Coordination project, based
on European Asylum Support Office: EASO Guidance
on the Dublin procedure: operational standards and
indicators.
HU befogadó tagállam
Broader term(s)
FI vastaanottava jäsenvaltio
FR État membre de destination (EU acquis); État
membre d’accueil
GA Ballstát glacaidh
IT receiving Member State
LT priimančioji valstybė narė
LV saņēmēja dalībvalsts
Dublin transfer
Related term(s)
NL ontvangende lidstaat
take back request
take charge request
transfer notification
PL przyjmujące państwo członkowskie
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
MT Stat Membru li se jirċievi
PT Estado-Membro de acolhimento
6.2.2 Dublin Procedure
RO stat membru de primire
Euro Voc Classification
SK prijímajúci členský štát
1011 European Union law| 2811 migration
SL sprejemna država članica
SV mottagande medlemsstat
NO mottaker-medlemsland (b); mottakar-medlemsland
(n)
KA ევროკავშირის წევრი მიმღები სახელმწიფო
UK приймаюча держава-член
HY
466
ընդունող անդամ պետություն
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
reception
BG приемане
CS přijímání
DE Aufnahme
EL υποδοχή
EN reception
ES acogida
ET vastuvõtt
FI vastaanotto
FR accueil
GA glacadh
HR prihvat
HU befogadás
IT accoglienza
LT priėmimas
LV uzņemšana
C
In the context of international protection, the full set of
measures, facilities and services implemented to ensure
that applicants for international protection benefit
from their rights laid down in Directive 2013/33/
EU( Recast Reception Conditions Directive), from
the moment of making the application until a final
decision is taken and to ensure a dignified standard of
living and comparable living conditions in all EU Member
States.
E
Source(s)
I
Derived by EMN from Directive 2013/33/EU (Recast
Reception Conditions Directive), and
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees: refugee
protection and mixed migration, the 10-point plan in
action, Chapter 4: Reception arrangements, 2011.
Narrower term(s)
PL przyjmowanie
accommodation centre
reception centre
reception conditions
reception facilities
PT acolhimento
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
MT akkoljenza
NL opvang
RO primire
SK prijímanie
SL sprejem
SV mottagande
NO mottak
KA მიღება
UK прийом
HY
ընդունելություն
D
Definition(s)
F
G
H
J
K
L
M
N
4.4 Reception and Accommodation of Applicants for
international protection and other refugees
O
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration
P
Note(s)
Q
1. This includes measures and services to meet the basic material and
psychosocial needs of all applicants (e.g. accommodation, food, clothing,
health care and psychological services) as well as distinguishing between
different categories of persons by identifying and addressing their special
reception needs and vulnerabilities.
2. Well-functioning reception systems for asylum seekers in the
European Union are of central importance for EU Member States and a
building block of the Common European Asylum System (CEAS).
3. For more information see: Kegel, Michael: Getting the balance right,
strengthening the asylum reception capacity at national and EU levels,
2016.
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
467
reception centre
BG приемателен център
CS přijímací středisko
DE Aufnahmeeinrichtung
EL κέντρο υποδοχής
EN reception centre
ES centro de acogida
ET vastuvõtukeskus
FI vastaanottokeskus (EN reception centre)
FR centre d’accueil (pour demandeurs d’asile)
GA ionad fáiltithe
HR prihvatilište
HU befogadó állomás
Definition(s)
A location with facilities for receiving, processing
and attending to the immediate needs
of refugees or asylum seekers as they arrive in a
country of asylum.
Source(s)
UNHCR Master Glossary of Terms
Broader term(s)
reception facilities
Related term(s)
accommodation centre
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
IT centro di accoglienza per richiedenti asilo
4.4 Reception and Accommodation of Applicants for
international protection and other refugees
LT priėmimo centras
Euro Voc Classification
LV uzņemšanas centrs
MT Ċentru ta’ akkoljenza (għal min jitlob l-ażil)
NL asielzoekerscentrum (NL); opvangcentrum (BE)
PL ośrodek recepcyjny
PT centro de acolhimento
2811 migration
Note(s)
For more information on categories of reception centres available in EU
Member States, see EMN: the Organisation of Reception Facilities for
Asylum Seekers in different Member States, 2013.
RO centru de primire
SK prijímacie zariadenie (EU acquis); záchytný tábor
SL sprejemni center
SV mottagningsenhet
NO transittmottak
KA მიმღები ცენტრი
UK центр прийому
HY
468
ընդունելության կենտրոն
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
reception conditions
BG условия на приемане
CS podmínky přijetí
C
D
Definition(s)
DE Aufnahmebedingungen
The full set of measures that EU Member States grant
to applicants for international protection.
E
EL συνθήκες υποδοχής
Source(s)
F
EN reception conditions
ES condiciones de acogida
ET vastuvõtutingimused
FI vastaanotto-olosuhteet
FR conditions d’accueil
GA dálaí mpl glactha
HR uvjeti prihvata
HU befogadási feltételek
IT condizioni di accoglienza
LT priėmimo sąlygos
LV uzņemšanas apstākļi (EU acquis); uzņemšanas
nosacījumi
Art. 2(f) of Directive 2013/33/EU (Recast Reception
Conditions Directive)
G
Narrower term(s)
H
material reception conditions
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
4.4 Reception and Accommodation of Applicants for
international protection and other refugees
I
Euro Voc Classification
J
2811 migration
K
Note(s)
L
For more information on reception conditions in the EU, see EMN: the
Organisation of Reception Facilities for Asylum Seekers in different
Member States , 2013.
MT Kondizzjonijiet tal-akkoljenza
M
NL opvangvoorzieningen
N
PL warunki przyjmowania
PT condições de acolhimento
RO condiții de primire / condiţii de recepţie
O
SK prijímacie podmienky (EU acquis); podmienky
prijímania
P
SL sprejemni pogoji
Q
SV mottagningsvillkor
NO mottaksforhold (b); mottakstilhøve (n)
R
KA მიღების პირობები
UK умови прийому
HY
S
ընդունելության պայմաններ
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
469
reception facilities
BG приемни съоръжения
CS přijímací zařízení
DE Aufnahmeeinrichtungen
EL εγκαταστάσεις υποδοχής
EN reception facilities
ES centros de acogida
ET vastuvõtu majutusasutused
FI vastaanottotilat
FR structures d’accueil
GA áiseanna fáiltithe
HR objekti prihvatilišta
HU befogadó létesítmények
IT struttura di accoglienza
Definition(s)
All forms of premises used for the housing of applicants
for international protection and other categories
of migrants and refugees.
Source(s)
Developed by EMN
Narrower term(s)
accommodation centre
reception centre
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
4.4 Reception and Accommodation of Applicants for
international protection and other refugees
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration
LT priėmimo centrai
LV uzņemšanas telpas
MT Faċilitajiet ta’ akkoljenza
NL opvangfaciliteiten
Note(s)
For more information on categories of reception facilties available in EU
Member States, see EMN: The Organisation of Reception Facilities for
Asylum Seekers in different Member States, 2013.
PL ośrodki przyjmowania
PT instalações de acolhimento
RO facilități de primire
SK prijímacie zariadenia (EU acquis)
SL sprejemni objekti
SV anläggningsboende
NO asylmottak
KA მიმღები დაწესებულებები
UK заклади прийому
HY
470
ընդունելության կառույցներ
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
recognition of foreign qualifications
BG признаване на чуждестранни квалификации
CS uznávání zahraničních kvalifikací
DE Anerkennung ausländischer Qualifikationen
EL αναγνώριση τίτλων σπουδών της αλλοδαπής (EL);
αναγνώριση τίτλων σπουδών εξωτερικού (CY)
EN recognition of foreign qualifications
ES reconocimiento de cualificaciones obtenidas en el
extranjero
ET välisriigi kvalifikatsiooni tunnustamine
FI ulkomaisten tutkintojen vastaavuuden
tunnustaminen
FR reconnaissance des qualifications acquises à
l’étranger
C
D
Definition(s)
E
A formal acknowledgement by a competent authority
of the validity of a foreign qualification with a view to
access to educational and / or employment activities.
F
Source(s)
Derived by EMN from the definition of ‘recognition’
in Art.1 of the Council of Europe Convention on the
Recognition of Qualifications concerning Higher
Education in the European Region
G
H
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
I
8.2 Access to employment| 8.3 Access to education
Euro Voc Classification
J
2811 migration| 3206 education
GA aithint cáilíochtaí iasachta
K
HR priznavanje inozemnih kvalifikacija
L
HU külföldi képesítések elismerése
IT riconoscimento della qualifica estera
M
LT užsienyje įgytų kvalifikacijų pripažinimas
LV ārvalstīs iegūtu kvalifikāciju atzīšana
N
MT Rikonoxximent ta’ kwalifiki barranin
NL erkenning van buitenlandse getuigschriften
PL uznanie kwalifikacji (zawodowych) cudzoziemca
O
PT reconhecimento de qualificações obtidas no
estrangeiro
P
RO recunoaşterea calificărilor din străinătate
Q
SK uznávanie odborných kvalifikácií zo zahraničia /
uznávanie dokladov o vzdelaní zo zahraničia
R
SL priznavanje tujih kvalifikacij
SV erkännande av utländska kvalifikationer
S
NO godkjenning av utenlandske kvalifikasjoner (b);
godkjenning av utanlandske kvalifikasjonar (n)
T
KA უცხოური კვალიფიკაციების აღიარება
UK визнання іноземних кваліфікацій
HY
U
օտարերկրյա որակավորումների ճանաչում
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
471
recognition rate (in procedures
for international protection)
BG ниво на признаване
LV atzīšanas rādītājs
CS míra kladných rozhodnutí o mezinárodní ochraně
MT Rata ta’ rikonoxximent (fil-proċeduri għall-protezzjoni
internazzjonali)
DE Anerkennungsrate (in Verfahren auf internationalen
Schutz)
NL erkenningsgraad / beschermingsgraad
EL ποσοστό αναγνώρισης (στις διαδικασίας διεθνούς
προστασίας)
PL poziom uznawalności (w procedurze udzielenia
ochrony międzynarodowej)
EN recognition rate (in procedures for international
protection)
PT taxa de reconhecimento (no procedimento de
concessão e retirada do estatuto de proteção
internacional)
ES tasa de reconocimiento (en procedimientos de
protección internacional)
ET heakskiitmise määr (rahvusvahelise kaitse
menetlustes)
FI myönteisten päätösten osuus (kansainvälisen
suojelun menettelyssä)
RO rată de recunoaștere (în procedurile de examinare a
cererii de azil)
SK miera uznania / miera uznaných žiadostí (v konaniach
o medzinárodnej ochrane)
SL odstotek priznanih statusov mednarodne zaščite
FR taux de reconnaissance (dans les procédures de
demande de la protection internationale)
SV andelen beviljade ansökningar om internationellt
skydd
GA ráta aitheantais (i gcás nósanna imeachta maidir le
cosaint idirnáisiúnta)
NO andel positive vedtak (etter søknad om internasjonal
beskyttelse) (b); del av vedtaka som er positive (etter
søknad om internasjonalt vern) (n)
HR stopa priznavanja / odobravanja (međunarodne
zaštite)
HU elsimerési arány (nemzetközi védelemre vonatkozó
eljárások során)
IT tasso di riconoscimento (nelle procedure di protezione
internazionale)
KA აღიარების მაჩვენებელი (საერთაშორისო
დაცვის პროცედურებში)
UK відсоток визнання (у процедурах міжнародного
захисту)
HY
LT teigiamų sprendimų suteikti prieglobstį procentas
472
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
ճանաչման տոկոս (միջազգային պաշտպանության
ընթացակարգում)
A
B
C
D
Definition(s)
E
The number of positive decisions on applications
for international protection as a proportion of the
total number of decisions issued for each stage of the
procedure (i.e. first instance and final on appeal) in the
reference period under review.
F
G
Source(s)
Derived by EMN from EUAA Annual Asylum Report and
Eurostat ‘Statistics Explained’ website
H
Synonym(s)
I
asylum recognition rate
international protection recognition rate
J
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
4. International Protection and other Types of Protection|
6.2 Procedure for international protection/Refugee status
determination
K
L
Euro Voc Classification
1011 European Union law| 2811 migration
M
Note(s)
N
1. Positive decisions include EU-regulated international protection status
(refugee status and subsidiary protection status) and may include
non-EU harmonised protection which is understood as authorisation to
stay for humanitarian reasons under national law.
2. The total number of decisions (positive decisions and rejections)
includes all formal decisions such as e.g. implicit and explicit withdrawals,
Dublin cases or closed cases for administrative reasons (e.g. the applicant
has died).
3. Eurostat defines the (asylum) recognition rate as “the share of positive
decisions in the total number of asylum decisions for each stage of the
asylum procedure (i.e. first instance and final on appeal)”. The total
number of decisions consists of the sum of positive and negative
decisions. Calculation of the overall recognition rate for all stages of the
asylum procedure cannot be made due to lacking information linking the
outcomes at first instance and final on appeal for each person concerned.
As some of the applicants rejected at the first instance and who lodged
an appeal in the same year receive a final negative decision, it would lead
to multiplication of some rejected applicants and would cause
underestimation of the overall recognition rate. Final decisions on appeal
statistics broken down by the year of the first instance rejection would be
required to avoid this multiplication.
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
473
re-entry
BG повторно влизане
CS opětovný vstup
DE Wiedereinreise
EL επανείσοδος
EN re-entry
ES re-entrada
ET taassisenemine, korduv sisenemine
FI maahanpaluu
FR nouvelle entrée
GA athiontráil
Definition(s)
In the context of Directive 2016/801/EU (Recast
Researcher’s Directive), the return of a researcher or
a student from a second EU Member State in which
they have been residing for up to 180 days (in respect
of the conditions for mobility permitted by this Directive)
to the EU Member State in which they were originally
authorised to stay following the withdrawal or expiration
of the period of mobility by the second EU Member
State.
Source(s)
HR ponovni ulazak
Derived by EMN on the basis of Recital 50 and Art. 28
of Directive 2016/801/EU (Recast Researcher’s Directive)
HU újbóli belépés
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
IT Reingresso
3.3 Migration for Study and Research
LT pakartotinis atvykimas
Euro Voc Classification
LV atkārtota ieceļošana
MT Dħul lura
NL het opnieuw toelaten (op het grondgebied van de
vreemdeling
PL ponowny wjazd; ponowne przekroczenie granicy
PT reentrada
RO reintrarea
2811 migration| 3206 education
Note(s)
1. Where re-entry is authorised, the first EU Member State should issue
the researcher or student with a document allowing re-entry to its territory.
2. When re-entry to the first EU Member State is not authorised, it is
possible for the second EU Member State to return the researcher or the
student to a third country in accordance with Directive 2008/115/EC
(Return Directive) whether in voluntary or enforced compliance with an
obligation to return.
SK opätovný vstup
SL ponovni vstop
SV återresa
NO retur til et EU-/EFTA-land (b); retur til eit EU-/
EFTA-land (n)
KA ხელახალი შესვლა
UK повторний в’їзд
HY
474
կրկին մուտք գործել
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
reflection period
BG период за размисъл
CS tzv. doba na rozmyšlení
DE Bedenkzeit
EL περίοδος περίσκεψης
EN reflection period
ES período de reflexión
ET järelemõtlemisaeg
FI harkinta-aika
FR délai de réflexion
GA tréimhse mhachnaimh
HR period razmišljanja
HU mérlegelési idő / gondolkodási idő
IT Periodo di riflessione
LT apsisprendimo laikotarpis
LV nogaidīšanas periods
MT Perjodu ta’ riflessjoni
NL bedenktijd
C
D
Definition(s)
A period of time determined according to national law
granted to third-country nationals officially identified
as victims of trafficking in human beings allowing
the victim to recover and escape the influence of the
perpetrators of the offences so that they can take an
informed decision as to whether (or not) to cooperate
with the competent authorities.
E
Source(s)
H
Derived by EMN from Art. 6(1) of Council Directive
2004/81/EC (Trafficking in Human Beings Directive)
G
I
Broader term(s)
J
identified victim of trafficking in human beings
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration
K
Note(s)
L
This term refers specifically to the context of trafficking in human beings,
though ‘reflection period’ can be used in other national contexts with a
less specific meaning.
PL czas na zastanowienie się
M
N
PT período de reflexão
RO perioadă de gândire
O
SK lehota na rozmyslenie
SL obdobje za razmislek
P
SV betänketid
NO refleksjonsperiode
Q
KA მოსაფიქრებელი ვადა
R
UK час на обмірковування
HY
F
դիտարկման ժամկետ
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
475
refugee
BG бежанец
CS uprchlík
DE Flüchtling / Geflüchteter
EL πρόσφυγας
EN refugee
ES refugiado
ET pagulane
FI pakolainen
FR réfugié
GA dídeanaí
HR izbjeglica
HU menekült
IT rifugiato
LT pabėgėlis
LV bēglis
MT Rifuġjat(a)
NL vluchteling
PL uchodźca
PT refugiado
RO refugiat
SK utečenec (EU acquis); azylant
SL begunec
SV flykting
NO flyktning
KA ლტოლვილი
UK біженець
HY
փախստական
Definition(s)
In the global context, either a person who, owing to
a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of
race, religion, nationality, political opinion or membership
of a particular social group, is outside the country
of nationality and is unable or, owing to such fear, is
unwilling to avail themselves of the protection of that
country, or a stateless person, who, being outside of
the country of former habitual residence for the same
reasons as mentioned before, is unable or, owing to such
fear, unwilling to return to it.
In the EU context, either a third-country national who,
owing to a well-founded fear of persecution for
reasons of race, religion, nationality, political opinion or
membership of a particular social group, is outside the
country of nationality and is unabble or, owing to such
fear, is unwilling to avail themselves of the protection of
that country, or a stateless person, who, being outside
of the country of former habitual residence for the same
reasons as mentioned before, is unable or, owing to
such fear, unwilling to return to it, and to whom Art.12
(exclusion) of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification
Directive) does not apply
Source(s)
Global context: Art. 1A of the Geneva Refugee
Convention and Protocol
EU context: Art. 2(d) of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast
Qualification Directive)
Broader term(s)
forced migrant
Narrower term(s)
Convention refugee
prima facie refugee
resettled refugee
Related term(s)
applicant for international protection
asylum seeker
exclusion clause
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
4.1.1 Refugee protection
Euro Voc Classification
1011 European Union law| 1231 international law|
2811 migration
Note(s)
Whereas the exclusion clauses are an integral part of the refugee
definition of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive),
the Geneva Refugee Convention and Protocol refers to the exclusion
clauses in its Articles 1D, 1E and 1F (see also the definition of ‹exclusion
clause›).
476
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
refugee in orbit
BG no translation
CS refugee in orbit (no translation)
DE refugee in orbit (no usual translation)
EL πρόσφυγας σε τροχιά
EN refugee in orbit
ES refugiados en órbita
ET ringlev pagulane (no usual translation)
FI kiertävä pakolainen (not in general use)
FR réfugié en orbite
C
D
Definition(s)
A refugee who, although not returned directly to a
country where they may be persecuted, is denied asylum
or unable to find a State willing to examine their request,
and are shuttled from one country to another in a
constant search for asylum.
Source(s)
UNHCR International Thesaurus of Refugee Terminology
Related term(s)
E
F
G
H
GA dídeanaí ag fithisiú
de facto refugee
postponement of removal
I
HR no usual translation
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
J
Euro Voc Classification
K
HU keringő menekült / bolyongó menekült
IT rifugiato vagante
LT pabėgėlis orbitoje
4.1.1 Refugee protection
2811 migration
L
LV pastāvīgos patvēruma meklējumos esošs bēglis
MT Rifuġjat(a) f’orbita / f’limbu
M
NL vluchteling in orbit
PL uchodźca na orbicie / refugee in orbit
N
PT refugiado em órbita
RO refugiat pe orbită
O
SK utečenec v pohybe / refugee in orbit
SL tavajoči begunec
P
SV flykting på väg / flykting som slussas mellan länder
NO videresendt flyktning (b); vidaresend flyktning (n)
Q
KA სხვადასხვა ქვეყანაში თავშესაფრის ძიებაში
მყოფი ლტოლვილი
R
UK біженець у русі
HY
S
շրջիկ փախստական
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
477
refugee in transit
BG no translation
CS refugee in transit (no translation)
DE refugee in transit (no usual translation)
EL πρόσφυγας σε ζώνη διέλευσης
EN refugee in transit
ES refugiado en tránsito
ET transiidipagulane (no usual translation)
FI kauttakulkupakolainen
FR réfugié en transit
GA dídeanaí idirthurais
HR izbjeglice u tranzitu
HU no usual translation
IT rifugiato in transito
Definition(s)
A refugee who is temporarily admitted in the territory
of a State under the condition that they are resettled
elsewhere.
Source(s)
UNHCR International Thesaurus of Refugee Terminology
Related term(s)
resettled refugee
resettlement
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
4.1.1 Refugee protection| 5. Relocation, Resettlement
and Humanitarian Admission
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration
LT tranzitinis pabėgėlis
LV tranzītbēglis
MT Rifuġjat(a) fi tranżitu
NL vluchteling in transit
Note(s)
1. This term is currently little used in the EU.
2. The term should not be confused with refugees who stay in the transit
area of an airport.
PL uchodźca w tranzycie
PT refugiado em trânsito
RO refugiat în tranzit / refugiat aflat în tranzit
SK utečenec v tranzite / tranzitujúci utečenec
SL begunec v tranzitu
SV transitflykting
NO flyktning i transitt
KA ტრანზიტული ლტოლვილი
UK транзитний біженець
HY
478
տարանցող փախստական
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
refugee law
BG бежанско право
CS uprchlické právo
DE Flüchtlingsrecht
EL Δίκαιο Προσφύγων/ Προσφυγικό Δίκαιο
EN refugee law
ES legislación de asilo
ET varjupaigaõigus
FI pakolaisoikeus
FR droit des réfugiés
GA dlíthe um dhídeanaithe
HR izbjegličko pravo
HU menekültjog
IT legislazione sull’asilo
LT pabėgėlių teisė
LV bēgļu tiesības
MT Liġi / Att dwar ir-rifuġjati
NL vluchtelingenrecht
PL prawo uchodźcze
PT legislação de asilo e proteção internacional
C
D
Definition(s)
The body of customary international and European
Union (EU) law and instruments that establish standards
for refugee protection.
Source(s)
Derived by EMN from UNHCR Master Glossary of Terms
Synonym(s)
F
G
H
international refugee law
Narrower term(s)
I
Geneva Refugee Convention and Protocol
Related term(s)
J
human rights law
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
K
4.1.1 Refugee protection
Euro Voc Classification
L
1231 international law| 2811 migration
M
Note(s)
The cornerstone of refugee law is the Geneva Refugee Convention and
Protocol.
RO legislaţia cu privire la refugiaţi
N
O
SK utečenecké právo
SL begunsko pravo
P
SV flyktingrätt
NO flyktningrett
Q
KA ლტოლვილთა სამართალი
R
UK біженське право
HY
E
Փախստականների մասին Օրենք
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
479
refugee status
BG статут на бежанец
CS postavení uprchlíka
Definition(s)
DE Flüchtlingsstatus
The recognition by an EU Member State of a thirdcountry national or stateless person as a refugee.
EL καθεστώς πρόσφυγα
Source(s)
EN refugee status
ES estatuto de refugiado
ET pagulasseisund
FI pakolaisasema
FR statut de réfugié
GA stádas dídeanaí
HR status izbjeglice
HU menekült státusz
IT status di rifugiato
LT pabėgėlio statusas
LV bēgļa statuss
MT Status ta’ rifuġjat(a)
Art. 2(e) of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification
Directive)
Broader term(s)
international protection
Related term(s)
beneficiary of international protection
Convention refugee
withdrawal of refugee status
subsidiary protection status
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
4.1.1 Refugee protection
Euro Voc Classification
1231 international law| 2811 migration
NL vluchtelingenstatus
PL status uchodźcy
PT estatuto de refugiado
RO statutul de refugiat
SK postavenie utečenca (EU acquis); status utečenca /
štatút utečenca
SL status begunca
SV flyktingstatus
NO flyktningstatus
KA ლტოლვილის სტატუსი
UK статус біженця
HY
480
փախստականի կարգավիճակ
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
refugee sur place
BG бежанец на място / бежанец sur place
CS uprchlík na místě / uprchlík sur place
DE Flüchtling sur place; objektiver Nachfluchtgrund;
subjektiver Nachfluchtgrund
EL επί τόπου πρόσφυγας
EN refugee sur place
ES refugiado sobrevenido
ET sur place pagulane
FI sur place -pakolainen
FR réfugié sur place
C
In the global context, a person who was not
a refugee when they left their country of origin,
but who becomes a refugee, that is, acquires a wellfounded fear of persecution, at a later date, owing to
intervening events.
In the EU context, a person granted refugee
status based on international protection needs which
arose sur place, i.e. on account of events which took
place after they left their country of origin.
E
Source(s)
I
HU sur place menekült
Global context: Derived by EMN from UNCHR Master
Glossary of Terms
EU context: Derived by EMN from Art. 5 of Directive
2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive)
IT rifugiato sur place
Synonym(s)
GA dídeanaí sur place
HR izbjeglica sur place
LT pabėgėlis sur place
LV bēglis sur place
MT Rifuġjat(a) sur place
NL vluchteling sur place; réfugié sur place (NL)
PL uchodźca sur place / uchodźca na miejscu
PT refugiado sur place
RO refugiat sur place
SK utečenec sur place / utečenec na mieste
D
Definition(s)
SV sur place-flykting
KA სურ პლას (sur place/”ადგილზე”) ლტოლვილი
UK біженець «на місці» / біженець sur place
HY
«տեղում» փախստական դարձած
G
H
J
K
objective grounds for seeking asylum occurring after the
applicant’s departure from their country of origin
subjective grounds for seeking asylum based on the
applicant’s activities in their host country
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
L
M
N
4.1.1 Refugee protection
Euro Voc Classification
O
1011 European Union law| 1231 international law|
2811 migration
P
SL begunec sur place
NO sur place-flyktning
F
Note(s)
Refugees sur place may owe their fear of persecution usually either
due to a change of situation in their country of origin (e.g. coup d’état,
change of government, introduction or intensification of repressive or
persecutory policies or outbreak of armed conflict) or
based on bona fide political activities (e.g. expressing political views)
undertaken in the country of residence or refuge.
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
481
refusal of entry
BG отказ за влизане
CS odmítnutí vstupu
DE Verweigerung der Einreise (EU acquis); Einreiseverbot
(DE)
EL απαγόρευση εισόδου
EN refusal of entry
ES denegación de entrada
ET sisenemiskeeld / isiku riiki mittelubamine
FI käännyttäminen / pääsyn epääminen
FR refus d’entrée
GA náisiúnaigh tríú tír ar diúltaíodh iontráil dóibh
Definition(s)
In the global context, refusal of entry of a person who
does not fulfil all the entry conditions laid down in the
national legislation of the country for which entry is
requested.
In the EU context, refusal of entry of a third-country
national at the external EU border because they
do not fulfil all the entry conditions laid down in Art.
6(1) of Regulation (EU) 2016/399 (Schengen Border
Code) and do not belong to the categories of persons
referred to in Art.6 (5) of that Regulation.
Source(s)
IT respingimento (rifiuto di ingresso)
Global context: Developed by EMN
EU context: Derived by EMN from the definition for ‘thirdcountry nationals refused entry’ in Art. 2(q) of Regulation
(EC) No 862/2007 (Migration Statistics Regulation)
LT neįleidimas
Related term(s)
HR odbijanje ulaska
HU beléptetés megtagadása
LV ieceļošanas atteikums
MT Dħul miċħud / Tbarrija
NL toegangsweigering
PL odmowa wjazdu
PT recusa de entrada a nacional de estado terceiro
RO refuzarea intrării
SK odopretie vstupu
SL zavrnitev vstopa
SV nekad inresa
border control
external EU border
internal EU border
irregular entry
legal entry
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
6.1 Entry Conditions and Procedures
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration
NO innreisenekt
KA უარი შესვლაზე
UK відмова у в’їзді
HY
482
մուտքի արգելք
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
regional development and
protection programme (RDPP)
BG регионална програма за развитие и закрила
(РПРЗ)
DE regionales Entwicklungs- und Schutzprogramm
EL Πρόγραμμα Περιφερειακής Ανάπτυξης και Προστασίας
(RDPP)
EN regional development and protection programme
(RDPP)
ES Programa regional de desarrollo y protección
C
D
International protection initiative set up by the
European Union and its Member States to enhance the
capacity of third countries in the regions from which
many refugees originate, or through which they pass
in transit with the aim to improve refugee protection
through durable solutions, namely return, local
integration and resettlement.
E
Source(s)
H
European Commission: Communication on Regional
Protection Programmes, COM(2005) 388 final
ET piirkondlik arengu- ja kaitseprogramm
FI alueellinen kehitys- ja suojeluohjelma
HR Program regionalnog razvoja i zaštite
K
Related term(s)
HU regionális fejlesztési és védelmi program
IT programma di protezione e sviluppo regionale (PPSR)
durable solutions
resettlement
LT regioninė vystymosi ir apsaugos programa
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
LV reģionālā attīstības un aizsardzības programma
L
M
4.1 International protection| 15.1 EU External dimension
of migration and mobility
MT Programm għall-protezzjoni u l-iżvilupp reġjonali
(PPiŻR)
Euro Voc Classification
NL Regionaal ontwikkelings- en
beschermingsprogramma
PL program ochrony i rozwoju regionalnego
PT Programa Regional de Desenvolvimento e Proteção
(PRDP)
RO program regional de dezvoltare și protecție (PRDP)
SK regionálny program rozvoja a ochrany (RDPP)
SL regionalni program za razvoj in zaščito
SV regionalt utvecklings- och skyddsprogram
NO Regionalt program for utvikling og beskyttelse (RDPP)
KA განვითარებისა და დაცვის რეგიონული
პროგრამა (RDPP)
UK регіональна програма розвитку та захисту (РПРЗ)
G
J
RDPP
RPP
regional protection programme (RPP)
GA clár um fhorbairt agus um chosaint réigiúnach
F
I
Synonym(s)
FR programme régional de développement et de
protection
զարգացման եւ պաշտպանության
տարածաշրջանային ծրագիր
B
Definition(s)
CS regionální program rozvoje a ochrany
HY
A
N
04 Politics| 1011 European Union law| 2811 migration
O
Note(s)
P
1. The 2005 Communication on Regional Protection Programmes’ (COM
(2005) 388 final) brought forward regional protection programmes (RPP)
as a new EU approach to the international protection regime. The
Programmes were developed by the European Commission in close
collaboration with EU Member States, the United Nations High
Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), and in partnership with
the countries of origin, transit and first asylum. The programmes involve
practical actions related to improving general protection in the host
country, establishing an effective procedure for determining refugee
status, building capacity and training on protection issues for those
working with refugees, support measures benefiting the local community
hosting refugees.
2. The first two Regional Protection Programmes targeted Eastern Europe
(in particular Belarus, the Republic of Moldova and Ukraine) as a region of
transit and the African Great Lakes Region (particularly Tanzania) as a
region of origin. In 2010, the EU Commission applied the Regional
Protection Programme concept to two new regions: the Horn of Africa
(including Kenya, Yemen and Djibouti) and eastern North Africa (Egypt,
Libya and Tunisia). In response to the Syria refugee crisis the EU
Commission established in 2013 the regional development and protection
programme (RDPP) in the Middle East and extended the programme to
development measures.
3. Under the European Agenda on Migration the priority regions for
resettlement include North Africa, the Horn of Africa and the Middle East,
focusing on the countries where the RDPPs are implemented. RDPPs also
include a resettlement element.
4. For more information see the description of Regional Protection
Programmes on the Website of DG Migration and Home Affairs, External
aspects.
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
483
regularisation
BG узаконяване
CS regularizace / legalizace pobytu
DE Legalisierung / Regularisierung
EL νομιμοποίηση
EN regularisation
ES regularización
ET seadustamine
FI laillistaminen
FR régularisation
GA tabhairt chun rialtachta
HR reguliranje statusa
HU legalizálás
IT regolarizzazione
Definition(s)
In the EU context, state procedure by which illegally
staying third-country nationals are awarded a legal
status.
Source(s)
ICMPD: REGINE: Regularisations in Europe, 2009
Synonym(s)
amnesty (in the context of migration)
legalisation
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
8.1 Right of residence, authorisation of stay/long-term
visa, / residence permits
Euro Voc Classification
1011 European Union law| 2811 migration
LT reguliarizacija
LV legalizācija
MT Regolarizzazzjoni
NL regularisatie
PL regularyzacja
PT regularização
RO regularizare / legalizare
SK legalizácia / regularizácia
SL regularizacija / ureditev statusa (tujcev)
SV regularisering
NO regularisering
KA რეგულარიზაცია
UK регуляризація
HY
484
կանոնականացում
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
regulated profession
BG регламентирана професия
C
D
Definition(s)
CS regulované povolání
ES profesión regulada
A professional activity or group of professional activities,
access to which, the pursuit of which, or one of the
modes of pursuit of which is subject, directly or indirectly,
by virtue of legislative, regulatory or administrative
provisions to the possession of specific professional
qualifications.
ET reguleeritud kutseala
Source(s)
DE reglementierter Beruf
EL νομοθετικά κατοχυρωμένο επάγγελμα
EN regulated profession
FR profession réglementée
GA profesión regulada
HU szabályozott szakma
IT professione regolamentata
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
J
K
Euro Voc Classification
LV reglamentētā profesija
MT professjoni regolata
NL gereglementeerd beroep
PL zawód regulowany
PT profissão regulada
RO profesie reglementată
SK regulované povolanie
SL reguliran poklic
SV reglerat yrke
NO et lovregulert yrke (b); eit lovregulert yrke (n)
KA რეგულირებადი პროფესია
UK регульована професія
HY
I
3.1 Migration for Economic Purposes| 8.2 Access to
employment
LT reglamentuojama profesija
կանոնակարգված աշխատանք (մասնագիտություն)
G
Related term(s)
recognition of foreign qualifications
HR regulirana profesija
F
H
Art. 3(1)a of Directive 2005/36/EC (Professional
Qualifications Directive)
FI säännelty ammatti
E
2811 migration| 4406 employment
L
Note(s)
M
1. Directive 2005/36/EC applies to all nationals of an EU Member State
wishing to pursue a regulated profession in an EU Member
State. Third-country nationals benefit from equal treatment with regard
to access to regulated professions, upon recognition of their qualifications
according to the rules and procedures set by the EU Member State where
they wish to access a regulated profession.
2. Art 2(i) of Council Directive 2009/50/EC on the conditions of entry and
residence of third-country nationals for the purposes of highly qualified
employment makes also a reference to ‘regulated profession’ as defined
in Article 3(1)(a) of Directive 2005/36/EC.
3. In general, the definition of what constitutes regulated and
non-regulated professions differ. Binding recognition procedures generally
apply to regulated professions. With respect to non-regulated professions,
the recognition of qualifications is not a general requirement. There is a
plethora of methods that have been developed for both regulated and
non-regulated professions. Systems include regulation by national and/or
provincial professional bodies (as in Australia and Canada), employer-based recognition processes (as in SE), coordination by one public
authority in charge of regulated professions (as in DK) or automatic
recognition, which is based on the European Qualifications Framework/
Professional Qualifications Directive and apply to EU nationals, but in
most cases not to third-country nationals.
4. The European Commission established a Regulations Professions
Database which defines regulated profession as “a profession where
access and exercise is subject to the possession of a specific professional
qualification.›This database contains lists of regulated professions in the
EU Member States, CH and UK.
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
485
reintegration
BG реинтеграция
CS reintegrace
DE Reintegration
EL επανένταξη
EN reintegration
ES reintegración
ET taaslõimumine
FI uudelleenkotoutuminen
FR réintégration; réinsertion (FR)
GA athimeascadh
HR reintegracija
HU reintegráció
IT reintegrazione
Definition(s)
Re-inclusion or re-incorporation of a person into a
group or a process, e.g. of a migrant into the society of
their country of return.
Source(s)
Developd by EMN
Related term(s)
integration
return
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
9. Integration
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration
LT reintegracija
LV reintegrācija
MT Riintegrazzjoni
NL reïntegratie
PL reintegracja
PT reintegração
RO reintegrare
SK reintegrácia
SL reintegracija / ponovno vključevanje
SV återintegrering
NO reintegrering
KA რეინტეგრაცია
UK реінтеграція
HY
486
վերաինտեգրում
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
reintegration assistance
BG подпомагане на реинтеграцията
CS reintegrační asistence
DE Reintegrationshilfe / Wiedereingliederungshilfe
EL βοήθεια για την επανένταξη
EN reintegration assistance
ES Ayuda a la reintegración
ET reintegratsioonitoetus
FI uudelleenkotoutumistuki
FR aide à la réintégration (BE, LU); aide à la réinsertion
(FR)
GA cúnamh ath-imeasctha
HR potpora u reintegraciji
HU reintegrációs támogatás
IT assistenza alla reintegrazione
LT reintegracijos pagalba
LV reintegrācijas palīdzība
MT Għajnuna / Assistenza għar-riintegrazzjoni
NL reïntegratiesteun
PL pomoc reintegracyjna
PT assistência à reintegração
C
D
Definition(s)
Support either cash, in kind or combined, provided by
a host country to a returnee, with the aim of helping
the returnee to lead an independent life after return.
Source(s)
Developed by the EMN REG
E
F
G
Broader term(s)
H
assisted voluntary return
Related term(s)
reintegration
assisted voluntary return and reintegration programme
(AVRR)
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
I
J
K
9.1 Integration measures
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration
L
Note(s)
M
The reintegration package often consists of in cash and/or in-kind
assistance (including counselling, referral and assistance). The assistance
can be provided before return (e.g. preparatory vocational training in the
host country in view of a return) or afterwards.
N
RO asistență pentru reintegrare
O
SK reintegračná pomoc / pomoc pri reintegrácii /
reintegračná asistencia
P
SL pomoč pri reintegraciji / pomoč pri ponovnem
vključevanju
Q
SV återetableringsstöd
R
NO hjelp til reintegrering
KA რეინტეგრაციის ხელშეწყობა
S
UK допомога в реінтеграції
HY
վերաինտեգրման աջակցություն
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
487
rejected applicant for
international protection
BG отхвърлен кандидат за международна закрила
CS žadatel o mezinárodní ochranu, jehož žádost byla
zamítnuta
DE abgelehnter Antragsteller auf internationalen Schutz
EL απορριφθείς αιτών διεθνή προστασία (EL);
απορριφθείς αιτητής (CY)
EN rejected applicant for international protection
ES solicitante al que se le ha denegado la protección
internacional
ET tagasilükatud rahvusvahelise kaitse taotleja
FI kielteisen päätöksen saanut kansainvälisen suojelun
hakija
FR demandeur de protection internationale débouté;
débouté (LU); débouté du droit d’asile (FR); personne
déboutée (LU)
GA iarratasóir ar diúltaíodh cosaint idirnáisiúnta dó
HR odbijeni tražitelj za međunarodnu zaštitu
HU elutasított menedékkérő
IT richiedente protezione internazionale respinto
LT asmuo, kuriam tarptautinė apsauga nesuteikta (EU
acquis); asmuo, kuriam prieglobstis nesuteiktas
LV persona, kurai atteikts piešķirt starptautisko
aizsardzību
MT Applikant(a) għall-protezzjoni internazzjonali
respint(a) / miċħud(a)
NL afgewezen verzoeker om internationale bescherming
PL osoba, której wniosek o objęcie ochroną
międzynardową został odrzucony
PT requerente a quem é recusada a proteção
internacional
RO solicitant al protecţiei internaţionale respins / a cărui
cerere a fost respinsă
SK neúspešný žiadateľ o medzinárodnú ochranu /
neúspešný žiadateľ o udelenie medzinárodnej
ochrany / žiadateľ o medzinárodnú ochranu, ktorému
bola žiadosť zamietnutá / žiadateľ o udelenie
medzinárodnej ochrany, ktorému bola žiadosť
zamietnutá
SL zavrnjeni prosilec za mednarodno zaščito
SV person som omfattas av beslut om avslag på
ansökan om internationellt skydd
NO person med avslag på søknad om internasjonal
beskyttelse (b); person med avslag på søknad om
internasjonalt vern (n)
KA განმცხადებელი, რომელსაც უარი ეთქვა
საერთაშორისო დაცვის მინიჭებაზე
UK заявник, якому було відмовлено в наданні
міжнародного захисту
HY
488
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
միջազգային պաշտպանության մերժված հայցող
A
B
C
D
Definition(s)
E
A person covered by a first instance decision rejecting
an application for international protection, including
decisions considering applications as inadmissible or as
unfounded and decisions under priority and accelerated
procedures, taken by administrative or judicial bodies
during the reference period.
F
G
Source(s)
H
Art. 4(2a) of Regulation (EC) No 862/2007 (Migration
Statistics Regulation)
I
Synonym(s)
failed applicant of international protection
failed asylum seeker
rejected applicant
J
K
Broader term(s)
applicant for international protection
asylum seeker
L
Related term(s)
M
final decision rejecting an application for international
protection
N
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
4.1 International protection| 6.2 Procedure for
international protection/Refugee status determination
O
Euro Voc Classification
P
1011 European Union law| 2811 migration
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
489
relocation
BG преместване/ релокация
CS relokace
DE Umsiedlung (EU-acquis); Umverteilung
EL μετεγκατάσταση
EN relocation
ES reubicación
ET ümberpaigutamine
FI sisäinen siirto
FR relocalisation
GA athshocrú
HR premještanje
HU relokáció
IT ricollocazione
LT perkėlimas
LV pārcelšana
MT rilokazzjoni
NL herplaatsing
PL relokacja
PT recolocação
RO relocare
SK premiestnenie (EU acquis); relokácia
SL premestitev
SV omplacering
NO relokalisering
Definition(s)
a) In the general EU-context, the transfer of
persons having a status defined by the Geneva
Refugee Convention and Protocol or subsidiary
protection within the meaning of Directive 2011/95/
EU (Recast Qualification Directive) from the EU Member
State which granted them international protection to
another EU Member State where they will be granted
similar protection, and of persons having applied for
international protection from the EU Member State
which is responsible for examining their application to
another EU Member State where their applications for
international protection will be examined.
b) In the context of the EU emergency relocation
programme, the transfer of persons in clear need of
international protection, as defined in Council Decisions
2015/1601 and 2016/1754, having applied for
international protection from the EU Member State,
CH or NO which is responsible for examining their
application to another EU Member State, CH or NO
where their application for international protection will
be examined.
Source(s)
a) General EU context: DG MIgration and Home Affairs:
Website on Relocation
B) Context of EU emergency relocation
programme: Council Decision (EU) 2015/1601 and
Council Decision (EU) 2016/1754
Synonym(s)
KA (ევროკავშირის ერთი წევრი სახელმწიფოდან
emergency relocation
UK переміщення
emergency response system
HY
Related term(s)
მეორეში) განსახლება
վերաբնակեցում
Broader term(s)
beneficiary of subsidiary protection
Convention refugee
resettlement
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
5. Relocation, Resettlement and Humanitarian Admission
Euro Voc Classification
1011 European Union law| 2811 migration
490
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
C
D
Note(s)
E
1. Relocation is an intra-EU solidarity tool enabling the transfer of persons
having already international protection status and of those who are in
need of international protection from one EU Member State to another EU
Member State, CH and NO participate as well.
2. Directive 2001/55/EC (Temporary Protection Directive) promotes in its
Art. 1 in the event of a mass influx of displaced persons from third
countries a balance of effort between EU Member States in receiving and
bearing the consequences of receiving such persons.
3. The EU emergency relocation programme was implemented on the
basis of two Council Decisions in September 2015 and 2016 in the
context of Art. 78(3) TFEU, which allows the Council to adopt provisional
measures in emergency situations as part of the emergency response
system meaning a temporary distribution scheme for persons in clear
need of international protection to ensure a fair and balanced
participation of all EU Member States to this common effort, as indicated
in the European Agenda on Migration of 13 May 2015 . It was intended to
alleviate the frontline EU Member States GR and IT from the
disproportionate number of applicants for international protection who
arrived on their territories in 2015-2016. Eligibility for the EU emergency
relocation programme was limited to applicants who were in clear need
of international protection and were nationals or stateless residents of
those countries for which the EU-wide average recognition rate among
decisions taken at first instance was 75 per cent or higher. The emergency
relocation programme ended as of 26 September 2017.
4. Relocation should not be confused with resettlement which is an
international solidarity and responsibility-sharing mechanism including the
selection and transfer of refugees of any nationality, on a request from
the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), from
a State in which they have sought protection to a third state which has
agreed to admit them as refugees with permanent residence status. For
further information see the entry ‹resettlement› in this glossary.
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
491
remain in the Member State
BG оставане в държава-членка
CS setrvat v členském státě
DE Verbleib im EU-Mitgliedstaat
EL παραμονή σε κράτος μέλος
EN remain in the Member State
ES permanecer en el territorio del Estado Miembro
Definition(s)
To remain in the territory, including at the border or
in transit zones, of the EU Member State in which
the application for international protection has been
made or is being examined.
Source(s)
ET liikmesriiki jääma
Art. 2(p) of Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum
Procedures Directive)
FI jääminen jäsenvaltioon
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
FR rester dans l’État membre
GA fanacht sa bhallstát
6.2 Procedure for international protection/Refugee status
determination
HR ostati u državi članici
Euro Voc Classification
HU a tagállam területén maradás
1011 European Union law| 2811 migration
IT permanenza nello Stato membro
LT likti valstybėje narėje
LV palikt uz dzīvi dalībvalstī
MT Permanenza fl-Istat Membru
NL in de lidstaat blijven
PL pozostawać w państwie członkowskim
PT permanecer num Estado Membro
RO a rămâne pe teritoriu
SK zostať v členskom štáte
SL ostati v državi članici
SV stanna kvar i medlemsstaten
NO fortsatt opphold (b); vidare opphald (n)
KA ევროკავშირის წევრ სახელმწიფოში
(დროებითი) დარჩენა
UK залишатися в державі-члені ЄС
HY
492
անդամ պետությունում մնալ
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
remittance
BG парични трансфери на емигранти
CS remitence
DE Rücküberweisung
EL έμβασμα
EN remittance
ES remesas
ET rahaülekanded
FI rahalähetys
FR envoi de fonds
GA seoltán
HR doznaka
HU hazautalás
IT rimessa
C
D
Definition(s)
In the migration context, personal financial, in kind or
social transfers of a migrant to their families or other
beneficiary(ies) in their communities of origin which may
flow through a variety of formal or informal channels to
support their needs.
Source(s)
Derived by EMN from Migration Data Portal and
International Monetary Fund: Balance of Payments
and International Investment Position Manual, 6th ed.
(BPM6), IMF, Washington, D.C., 2009
Related term(s)
J
circular migration
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
LV naudas pārvedumi
Euro Voc Classification
PL przekazy pienieżne / transfery pieniężne
PT remessas
RO remitenţă
SK remitencie
SL nakazilo
SV överföring / remittering
NO pengeoverføringer (b); pengeoverføringar (n)
KA ფულადი გზავნილი
UK грошові перекази
HY
դրամական փոխանցում
G
I
MT Trasferiment ta’ flus / Rimessa
NL geldovermaking / geldoverdracht / geldtransfer
F
H
14.2 Economic factors and impacts (such as brain drain/
gain, employment/ unemployment, labour market,
economic growth, dumping)
LT pinigų perlaidos
E
K
L
2811 migration
M
Note(s)
N
1. The International Organization of Migration (IOM) defines
remittances in its Glossary on Migration 2019 as follows: Personal
monetary transfers, cross border or within the same country, made by
migrants to individuals or communities with whom the migrant has links,
regardless of the source of the sender’s income (e.g. salary, profits from
business, savings, etc.). For more information see: IOM and remittances,
infosheet.
2. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) as the leading provider of
statistics on international remittances defines their two main components:
(1) Compensation of employees: Income earned by temporary migrant
workers in the host country or the income of border, seasonal, and other
short-term workers who are employed in an economy where they are not
resident and of residents employed by non-resident entities. It is
important to highlight that the entire income of temporary migrant
workers is included in this definition, although the income may never
actually be transferred (at least not entirely) to the country of origin as
migrants still have to cover their own living costs.
(2) Personal transfers: Transfers in cash or in kind made or received by
residents (be it migrants or non-migrants).
3. Additionally, there is a distinction between formal remittances captured
in the above definitions and informal remittances, which are transfers
made outside the formal financial system. Statistics on inter-national
remittances normally only capture formal remittance flows.
4. Increasingly, the terms ‘social remittances’ or ‘social capital transfers’
are used for non-monetary values such as ideas, knowledge, knowhow,
networking and skills that migrants can transfer to communities of origin.
5. For further information see: Migration Data Portal: remittances and Joint
EMN-OECD inform: Impact of COVID-19 on re-mittances in EU and OECD
countries.
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
493
removal
BG извеждане
CS vyhoštění
Definition(s)
ET väljasaatmine
In the global context, the act of a state in the exercise
of its sovereignty in removing an alien from its
territory to a certain place after refusal of admission or
termination of permission to remain.
In the EU context, the enforcement of the obligation
to return, namely the physical transportation out of the
EU Member State.
FI maasta poistaminen
Source(s)
DE Abschiebung
EL απομάκρυνση
EN removal
ES expulsión
FR éloignement
GA aistriú
HR prisilno udaljenje
HU kitoloncolás
IT allontanamento
LT išsiuntimas
LV piespiedu izraidīšana
MT Tneħħija
NL uitzetting / verwijdering
PL odesłanie (wyjazd)
PT afastamento
Global context: UNHCR International Thesaurus of
Refugee Terminology
EU-context: Art. 3(5) of Directive 2008/115/EC (Return
Directive)
Synonym(s)
deportation
Broader term(s)
forced return
Narrower term(s)
removal order
Related term(s)
SK odsun
expulsion
return decision
voluntary departure
SL odstranitev
Euro Voc Classification
RO Îndepărtare de pe teritoriu / returnare
SV avlägsnande
NO uttransportering
KA გაძევება
UK вилучення
HY
494
վտարում
2811 migration
Note(s)
1. Under EU legislation, removal is a specific form of forced return.
2. While deportation and removal often are understood as synonyms,
deportation is not used as a legal term in all EU Member States (only DE,
FI, IE and UK define ‘deportation’ in their legislation) and is only applicable
as a general concept by the public, sometimes with a negative
connotation. Because of this variation, ‘removal ‘ is the preferred term to
use.
3. In DE deportation and removal are defined in legislation (Sect. 57 and
58 of the Residence Act) and have different meanings. In FI deportation is
synonymous with removal only in cases of a foreign citizen who: - resides
in the country under a fixed term or permanent residence permit issued
by Finnish authorities; - resides in the country and whose residence has
been registered as provided in this Act; or - continues to reside in the
country after his or her residence permit, registered residence or residence
card has expired (Sect. 143 of the Finnish Aliens› Act).
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
removal order
C
BG заповед за извеждане
D
Definition(s)
CS rozhodnutí o vyhoštění
An administrative or judicial decision or act ordering
a removal.
E
EL εντολή απομάκρυνσης (EL); απόφαση απομάκρυνσης
(CY)
Source(s)
F
EN removal order
Synonym(s)
G
Broader term(s)
H
DE Abschiebungsanordnung
ES orden de expulsión
Art. 8(3) of Directive 2008/115/EC (Return Directive)
deportation order
ET väljasaatmisotsus
FI maastapoistamismääräys
FR mesure d’éloignement
removal
return decision
GA ordú aistrithe
Related term(s)
HR nalog za prisilno udaljenje
expulsion decision
HU kitoloncolást elrendelő határozat vagy végzés
Euro Voc Classification
I
J
K
2811 migration
IT provvedimento di allontanamento
LT nurodymas išsiųsti
L
Note(s)
LV lēmums par piespiedu izraidīšanu
MT Ordni ta’ tneħħija
NL uitzettingsbevel / verwijderingsmaatregel; bevel om
het grondgebied te verlaten (BE)
For some EU Member States, a return decision and removal order may
occur within one administrative or judicial act as provided for in their
national legislation.
N
PL decyzja nakazująca wyjazd
O
PT decisão de afastamento
RO ordin de eliminare
P
SK príkaz na odsun / príkaz na vyhostenie
SL nalog za odstranitev
Q
SV beslut om avlägsnande
NO vedtak om uttransportering
R
KA ბრძანება გაძევების შესახებ
UK наказ про вилучення
HY
M
S
վտարման որոշում
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
495
remunerated trainee
BG платен стажант
CS placený stážista
DE bezahlter Auszubildender
EL αμειβόμενος εκπαιδευόμενος
EN remunerated trainee
ES persona en prácticas remuneradas
Definition(s)
A third-country national who has been admitted
to the territory of an EU Member State for a training
period with remuneration in accordance with its national
legislation.
Source(s)
FI palkallinen harjoittelija
Derived by EMN from the definition for ‘unremunerated
trainee’ in Art. 2(d) of Council Directive 2004/114/EC
(Student Migration Directive)
FR stagiaire rémunéré
Broader term(s)
ET tasustatud praktikant
GA oiliúnaí a fhaigheann luach saothair
trainee
HR pripravnik s naknadom
Related term(s)
HU javadalmazásban részesülő gyakornok
unremunerated trainee
IT apprendista retribuito
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
LT atlygintinas stažuotojas
3.3 Migration for Study and Research
LV algots praktikants / stažieris
Euro Voc Classification
MT Persuna titħarreġ bi ħlas
2811 migration| 3206 education
NL bezoldigd stagiair
PL stażysta pobierający wynagrodzenie
PT estagiário remunerado
RO stagiar remunerat
SK platený stážista
SL plačani pripravnik
SV avlönad praktikant
NO lønnet praktikant (b); lønt praktikant (n)
KA ანაზღაურებადი სტაჟიორი
UK оплачуваний стажер
HY
496
վճարովի փորձնակ (պրակտիկանտ)
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
repatriation
C
BG репатриране
D
Definition(s)
CS repatriace
The personal right of a refugee or a prisoner of war to
return to their country of nationality under specific
conditions laid down in various international instruments
and human rights instruments as well as in customary
international law.
DE Repatriierung
EL επαναπατρισμός
EN repatriation
ES repatriación
Source(s)
ET tagasipöördumine / repatrieerumine
Derived by EMN from IOM Glossary on Migration, 2019.
FI kotiuttaminen
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
FR rapatriement / retour
12.1 Voluntary return
GA aisdúichiú
IT rimpatrio
LV repatriācija
MT Ripatrijazzjoni
NL repatriëring / naar het land van herkomst terugkeren /
terugbrengen
PL repatriacja
PT repatriamento
RO repatriere
SK repatriácia
SL repatriacija
SV återvandring
NO repatriering
KA რეპატრიაცია
UK репатріація
HY
հայրենադարձություն
G
H
2811 migration
J
Note(s)
K
HU repatriálás
LT repatriacija
F
I
Euro Voc Classification
HR repatrijacija
E
1. This is not a synonym relating to forced return.
2. The option of repatriation is bestowed upon the individual personally
and not upon the detaining power. In the law of international armed
conflict, repatriation also entails the obligation of the detaining power to
release eligible persons (soldiers and civilians) and the duty of
the country of origin to receive its own nationals at the end of hostilities.
Even if treaty law does not contain a general rule on this point, it is today
readily accepted that the repatriation of prisoners of war and civil
detainees has been consented to implicitly by the interested parties.
Repatriation as a term also applies to diplomatic envoys and international
officials in times of international crisis as well as expatriates and migrants.
3. Depending on the EU Member State, this term has different meanings /
connotations: in PL, RO, NL, NO this refers specifically to repatriating their
nationals back to PL, RO, NL, NO respectively. In ES, IE, IT, UK, it is often
used in the context of returning third-country nationals to their country
of origin. In EE, the term refers specifically to persons of Estonia or ethnic
Estonians’ resettlement to Estonia. In LV, the term refers specifically to
the persons of Latvian or Liiv origin to resettle with permanent residence
in Latvia. In PT, the term has no legal concept, being used more as a
sociological term. It is commonly used to refer to Portuguese citizens that
return to Portugal, including being forced to return.
4. The term should not be confused with ‘voluntary repatriation’ which is
according to the UNHCR International Thesaurus of Refugee Terminology
defined as follows: ‘Return to the country of origin on the basis of the
freely expressed willingness of the refugees’. The returns have to take
place in conditions of safety, dignity and security. The principle of
‘voluntariness’ must be viewed in relation to both: conditions in the
country of origin (calling for an informed decision) and the situation in the
country of asylum (permitting a free choice). For more information,
see UNHCR: Voluntary Repatriation: International Protection -handbook,
1996 .
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
497
repatriation assistance
BG помощ за репатриране
CS podpora osobám, které se chtějí dobrovolně vrátit do
země původu
DE Rückkehrhilfe für Personen, denen internationaler
Schutz zuerkannt wurde; Rückkehrhilfe für
Asylberechtigte (AT)
EL βοήθεια για επαναπατρισμό
Definition(s)
Financial or in-kind assistance to beneficiaries of
international protection who are in the possession
of a long-term residence permit and who wish
to return to their country of origin.
Source(s)
EN repatriation assistance
Derived by EMN from Art. 35 of Directive 2011/95/EU
(Recast Qualification Directive)
ES asistencia al retorno
Synonym(s)
ET repatrieerimise abi
repatriation support
FI paluumuuttoavustus
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
FR aide au rapatriement; aide au retour (FR)
12.1 Voluntary return
GA cúnamh aisdúichithe
Euro Voc Classification
HR potpora u repatrijaciji
HU repatriálási támogatás
IT Assistenza al rimpatrio
LT pagalba repatrijuoti
2811 migration
Note(s)
Such repatriation assistance exists in DK, FI, NO and SE.
LV repatriācijas palīdzība
MT Għajnuna / Assistenza għar-ripatrijazzjoni
NL ondersteuning bij repatriëring / ondersteuning bij
terugkeer naar het land van herkomst
PL pomoc w powrocie do kraju pochodzenia
PT assistência à repatriação de beneficiários de proteção
internacional
RO asistență pentru repatriere
SK pomoc pri repatriácii
SL pomoč pri repatriaciji
SV återvandringsbidrag
NO returhjelp til opprinnelsesland (b); returhjelp til
opphavsland (n)
KA რეპატრიაციის ხელშეწყობა
UK допомога в репатріації
HY
498
հայրենադարձության աջակցություն
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
representative
BG представител
CS zástupce
C
D
Definition(s)
E
ES representante legal
In the migration context, a person or an organisation
appointed by the competent bodies in order to assist
and represent a child in different procedures (such as
in procedures for international protection) with
a view to ensuring the best interests of the child
(BIC) and exercising legal capacity for the minor where
necessary.
ET esindaja
Source(s)
H
DE Vertreter (EU acquis); Stellvertreter (DE, LU);
gesetzlicher Vertreter (AT, LU)
EL εκπρόσωπος
EN representative
FI edustaja
FR représentant (EU acquis, LU); représentant légal;
administrateur ad hoc (FR, LU)
GA ionadaí
HR posebni skrbnik
HU képviselő
IT rappresentante
LT atstovas
LV pārstāvis
MT Rappreżentant(a) / Prokuratur(-triċi)
NL vertegenwoordiger
PL przedstawiciel
PT representante legal
RO reprezentant
SK opatrovník
SL zakoniti zastopnik
SV företrädare
NO representant
KA წარმომადგენელი
UK представник
HY
ներկայացուցիչ
Derived by EMN from Art. 2(n) of Directive 2013/32/EU
(Recast Asylum Procedures Directive) and
Fundamental Rights Agency (FRA): Guardianship for
children deprived of parental care, 2015,
Synonym(s)
legal representative
F
G
I
J
K
Broader term(s)
L
guardian
Related term(s)
M
separated child
unaccompanied minor
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
N
Euro Voc Classification
O
7.2 Minors and unaccompanied minors
2806 family| 2811 migration
P
Note(s)
1. Neither in the international context nor at EU or national level is there a
uniform definition and use of the terms guardian and (legal)
representative. Sometimes both terms are understood as synonyms. An
overview of different terms used in international and EU context can be
found in: Fundamental Rights Agency (FRA): Guardianship for children
deprived of parental care, 2015.
2. The EMN Glossary puts the emphasis on the functions of the appointed
person, rather than on the terminology. The term ‘representative’ reflects
the narrower concept and encompasses only the legal representation of
the child within particular legal or administrative proceedings as one of
the three key functions of guardianship, and thus is not responsible for the
full range of tasks normally assigned to a guardian. A representative can
be a person or an organisation, in the latter case the organisation shall
designate a person responsible for carrying out the duties of a
representative. A guardian and a representative can be the same person,
but do not necessarily have to be.
3. The representative differs also from a qualified lawyer or other legal
professional who provide legal assistance, speak on behalf of the child
and legally represent them in written statements and in person before
administrative and judicial authorities in criminal, asylum or other legal
proceedings as provided in national law. For more information
see Fundamental Rights Agency (FRA): Guardianship systems for children
deprived of parental care in the European Union, Summary, 2018.
4. The inconsistent use of both terms in EU legislation can be seen e.g. in
Art. 4(2f) of Amended Proposal for a Regulation establishing a common
procedure for international protection in the Union and repealing Directive
2013/32/EU COM/2020/611 final as it uses the term ‹guardian› with the
previous definition of ‹representative› in Art. 2(n) of Directive 2013/32/EU
(Recast Asylum Procedures Directive).
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
499
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
researcher
BG научен работник
CS výzkumný pracovník
DE Forscher
EL ερευνητής
EN researcher
ES investigador
ET teadlane
FI tutkija
FR chercheur
Definition(s)
In the EU migration context, a third-country
national holding a doctoral degree or an appropriate
higher education qualification, which gives that thirdcountry national access to doctoral programmes and
who is selected by a research organisation and admitted
to the territory of an EU Member State for carrying out a
research activity for which such qualification is normally
required.
Source(s)
GA taighdeoir
Art. 3(2) of Directive (EU)2016/801 (Recast Researchers
and Students Directive)
HR istraživač
Related term(s)
HU kutató
LT tyrėjas
school pupil
student
unremunerated trainee
LV pētnieks
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
IT ricercatore
MT Riċerkatur (-triċi)
3.3 Migration for Study and Research
NL onderzoeker
Euro Voc Classification
PL naukowiec
2811 migration| 3206 education
PT investigador
RO cercetător
SK výskumník / výskumný pracovník
SL raziskovalec
SV forskare
NO forsker (b); forskar (n)
KA მკვლევარი
UK дослідник
HY
500
հետազոտող
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
resettled refugee
BG презаселен бежанец
C
D
Definition(s)
CS přesídlený uprchlík
DE neuangesiedelter Flüchtling
EL πρόσφυγας που επανεγκαθίσταται
EN resettled refugee
ES refugiado reasentado
ET ümberasustatud pagulane
FI uudelleensijoitettu pakolainen
FR réfugié réinstallé
GA dídeanaí athlonnaithe
HR preseljena izbjeglica
HU áttelepített menekült
IT rifugiato reinsediato
LT perkeltas pabėgėlis
LV pārmitināts bēglis
MT Rifuġjat(a) risistemat(a)
NL uitgenodigde vluchteling (NL); hervestigde vluchteling
(BE)
In the global context, a refugee who is identified by
the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
(UNHCR) and who is transferred from the country in
which they have sought protection to a third state
which has agreed to admit them as refugees with
permanent residence status.
In the EU context, a third-country
national or stateless person who, on a resettlement
request from UNHCR based on their need
for international protection, are transferred from
a third country to a Member State where they are
permitted to reside with one of the following statuses:
(i) refugee status within the meaning of Art. 2(d)
of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive);
or
(ii) a status which offers the same rights and benefits
under national and European Union law as refugee
status.
E
Source(s)
M
PT refugiado reinstalado
Global context: Derived by EMN from the Glossary of the
UNHCR Resettlement Handbook
EU context: Derived by EMN from Art. 2(a) of Regulation
(EU) No 516/2014 (AMIF-Regulation)
RO refugiat relocat
Synonym(s)
PL przesiedlony uchodźca
SK presídlená osoba / presídlený utečenec / presídlenec
SV kvotflykting
Programme refugee
quota refugee
resettled person
NO overføringsflyktning
Broader term(s)
SL preseljeni begunec
KA (ევროკავშირიდან მესამე ქვეყანაში / მესამე
ქვეყნიდან ევროკავშირში) განსახლებული
ლტოლვილი
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
N
O
P
Q
refugee
R
Related term(s)
UK переселений біженець
refugee in transit
resettlement
S
HY
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
T
Euro Voc Classification
U
վերաբնակեցված փախստական
5. Relocation, Resettlement and Humanitarian Admission
2811 migration
V
Note(s)
1. It is the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) that,
together with the relevant authorities in the State concerned, decides
which refugees should be accepted; their refugee status is established by
the UNHCR and accepted by the State in advance of entering the State.
2. In some cases, national authorities assess in addition as to whether the
person concerned is a refugee.
3. There are different terms used in EU Member States depending on
different legal concepts. In some Member States such refugees are
accepted as part of a yearly resettlement programme.
4. IE uses the term ‘programme refugee’ in a wider context than
‘resettlement’ and defines in Section 24 of the Irish Refugee Act, 1996 as
follows: ‘a person to whom leave to enter and remain in the State for
temporary protection or resettlement as part of a group of persons has
been given by the Government’.
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
501
W
X
Y
Z
resettlement
BG презаселване
CS přesídlení
DE Neuansiedlung
EL επανεγκατάσταση
EN resettlement
ES reasentamiento
ET ümberasustamine
FI uudelleensijoittaminen
FR réinstallation
GA athlonnú
HR preseljenje
HU áttelepítés
IT reinsediamento
LT perkėlimas
LV pārmitināšana
MT Issetilljar mill-ġdid
NL hervestiging
PL przesiedlenie
PT reinstalação
RO relocare
SK presídlenie / presídľovanie
SL preselitev
SV vidarebosättning
NO gjenbosetting (b); gjenbusetjing (n)
KA (ევროკავშირიდან მესამე ქვეყანაში / მესამე
ქვეყნიდან ევროკავშირში) განსახლება
UK переселення
HY
վերաբնակեցում
Definition(s)
In the global context, the selection and transfer
of refugees from a State in which they have
sought protection to a third state which has agreed
to admit them as refugees with permanent residence
status.
In the EU context, admission following a referral from
the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
(UNHCR) of third-country nationals or stateless
persons from a third country to which they have been
displaced, to the territory of the EU Member States, and
who are granted international protection and have
access to durable solutions in accordance with Union
and national law.
Source(s)
Global context: Glossary of the UNHCR Resettlement
Handbook
EU context: Derived by EMN from Art. 2(8) of Regulation
(EU) 2021/1147 (AMIF-Regulation)
Broader term(s)
legal pathway
Narrower term(s)
resettlement programme
Related term(s)
durable solutions
humanitarian admission
humanitarian visa
relocation
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
5. Relocation, Resettlement and Humanitarian Admission
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration
Note(s)
1. The status provided following resettlement ensures protection against
refoulementand provides resettled refugees and their family or
dependants with access to rights similar to those enjoyed by nationals.
Resettlement also carries with it the opportunity to eventually become a
naturalised citizen of the resettlement country. For this reason,
resettlement is a durable solution as well as a tool for the protection of
refugees.
2. This term should not be confused with ‘relocation’.
3. EU legislation distinguishes between humanitarian admission and
resettlement, with resettlement specifically designed for formally
recognised refugees, while humanitarian admission may imply the
grant-ing of international protection or humanitarian protection under
national laws.
502
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
resettlement programme
BG програма за презаселване
C
D
Definition(s)
CS přesídlovací program
In the global context, a coordinated activity
undertaken in partnership with United Nations High
Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and other
non-governmtanl organisations (NGOs) that includes
specific processes like the identification in the field
of refugees in need of resettlement, to screening,
processing, reception and integration.
In the EU context, voluntary programmes by which
EU Member States aim to provide international
protection and durable solutions in their territories to
refugees and displaced persons identified as eligible
for resettlement by UNHCR, and which include actions
that the Member States implement to assess the
resettlement needs and transfer the persons concerned
to their territories, with a view to granting them a secure
legal status and to promoting their effective integration.
acti
DE Neuansiedlungsprogramm
EL πρόγραμμα επανεγκατάστασης
EN resettlement programme
ES programa de reasentamiento
ET ümberasustamisprogramm
FI uudelleensijoittamisohjelma
FR programme de réinstallation
GA clár athlonnaithe
HR program preseljenja
HU áttelepítési program
IT programma di reinsediamento
LT perkėlimo programa
LV pārmitināšanas programma
Source(s)
MT Programm ta’ risistemazzjoni
PL Program Przesiedleń
Global context: Developed by EMN
EU context: Derived by EMN from Recital 18 of Decision
573/2007/EC establishing the European Refugee Fund
PT programa de reinstalação
Broader term(s)
NL hervestigingsprogramma
resettlement
RO program de relocare
SK presídľovací program / program presídľovania
durable solutions
SV program för vidarebosättning
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
5. Relocation, Resettlement and Humanitarian Admission
KA (მესამე ქვეყნიდან ევროკავშირში)
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
Q
R
UK програма переселення
HY
G
P
NO gjenbosettingsprogram (b); gjenbusetjingsprogram (n)
განსახლების პროგრამა
F
O
Related term(s)
SL program trajne preselitve
E
S
վերաբնակեցման ծրագիր
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
503
residence document
BG документ за пребиваване
CS doklad o pobytu
DE Aufenthaltsdokument; Aufenthaltstitel (EU acquis)
EL έγγραφο διαμονής
EN residence document
ES documento de residencia
ET elamisluba (dokument)
FI oleskeluun oikeuttava asiakirja
FR titre de séjour (EU acquis) / document de séjour
GA doiciméad cónaithe
HR dokument o boravku
HU tartózkodásra jogosító okmány
IT titolo di soggiorno
Definition(s)
A document issued by the authorities of an EU Member
State authorising a third-country national to stay in
its territory, including the documents substantiating the
authorisation to remain in the territory under temporary
protection arrangements or until the circumstances
preventing a removal order from being carried out no
longer apply, with the exception of visas and residence
authorisations issued during the period required
to determine the responsible EU Member State as
established in Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 (Dublin III
Regulation) or during examination of an application
for international protection or an application for
a residence permit.
Source(s)
LT teisę gyventi šalyje patvirtinantis dokumentas
Derived by EMN from Art. 2(l) of Regulation (EU) No
604/2013 (Dublin III Regulation)
LV uzturēšanās dokuments
Broader term(s)
MT Dokument ta’ residenza
right of residence
NL verblijfsdocument
Narrower term(s)
PL dokument pobytowy
residence permit
PT título de residência
Related term(s)
RO document de şedere
SK doklad o pobyte
SL dokument za prebivanje
SV uppehållstillstånd
NO oppholdsdokument (b); opphaldsdokument (n)
KA ბინადრობის დოკუმენტი
UK документ, що підтверджує проживання
HY
504
residence permit
travel document
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
8.1 Right of residence, authorisation of stay/long-term
visa, / residence permits
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration
բնակության փաստաթուղթ
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
residence permit
C
BG разрешение за пребиваване
D
Definition(s)
CS povolení k pobytu
DE Aufenthaltstitel (EU acquis); Aufenthaltserlaubnis /
Niederlassungserlaubnis (DE)
Any authorisation issued by the authorities of an EU
Member State allowing a third-country national to
stay legally on its territory.
EL άδεια διαμονής (EL); άδεια παραμονής (CY)
Source(s)
E
F
Derived by EMN from Regulation (EU) No 265/2010
(Long Stay Visa Regulation)
G
Broader term(s)
H
FR permis de séjour (EU acquis) / autorisation de séjour /
titre de séjour
Narrower term(s)
I
GA cead cónaithe
Related term(s)
J
EN residence permit
ES permiso de residencia
ET elamisluba
residence document
FI oleskelulupa
HR dozvola boravka
HU tartózkodási engedély
IT permesso di soggiorno
LT leidimas gyventi
LV uzturēšanās atļauja
MT Permess ta’ residenza
NL verblijfsvergunning
PL zezwolenie na pobyt
PT autorização de residência
RO permis de şedere
SK povolenie na pobyt
SL dovoljenje za prebivanje
SV uppehållstillstånd
NO oppholdstillatelse (b); opphaldsløyve (n)
KA ბინადრობის ნებართვა
single permit
EU Blue Card
work permit
K
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
8.1 Right of residence, authorisation of stay/long-term
visa, / residence permits
L
Euro Voc Classification
M
2811 migration
N
Note(s)
Residence permits include all
residence permits issued by EU Member States in accordance with the
uniform format of Council Regulation (EC) No 1030/2002 and
residence cards issued in accordance with Directive 2004/38/EC, as well
as
other documents issued by an EU Member State to third-country
nationals which entitle them to reside in its territory and which have
been the subject of a notification and subsequent publication pursuant
to Art. 39 of Regulation (EU) 2016/399 with the exception of:
(i) temporary permits; and
(ii) visas issued by EU Member States.
UK посвідка на проживання
HY
O
P
Q
R
S
կացության թույլտվություն
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
505
return
BG връщане
CS návrat
DE Rückkehr
EL επιστροφή
EN return
ES retorno
ET tagasipöördumine/tagasisaatmine
FI paluu/palauttaminen
FR retour
GA filleadh
HR povratak
Definition(s)
The movement of a person going from a host
country back to a country of origin, country of
nationality or usual residence usually after spending
a significant period of time in the host country whether
voluntary or forced, assisted or spontaneous.
Source(s)
Developed by EMN
Synonym(s)
return migration
Narrower term(s)
IT ritorno / rimpatrio
forced return
voluntary departure
voluntary return
LT grąžinimas
Related term(s)
HU visszatérés
LV atgriešana (EU acquis); izraidīšana
MT Ritorn / Tluq lura
NL terugkeer
PL powrót
PT retorno
RO returnare
SK návrat
SL vrnitev / vračanje
SV återvändande
NO retur
KA დაბრუნება
UK повернення
HY
506
վերադարձ
readmission
reintegration
returnee
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration
Note(s)
1. The International Organization for Migration (IOM) definition covers
all categories of return of migrants: return within the territorial boundaries
of a country, as in the case of returning IDPs and demobilised combatants;
or from a host country (either transit or destination) to the country of
origin, as in the case of persons who have resided legally in a
country, migrant workers, refugees, asylum seekers and qualified
nationals; or the way the return is implemented, e.g. voluntary, forced,
assisted and spontaneous return. It does not cover stays shorter than
three months (such as holiday visits or business meetings and other visits
typically considered to be for a period of time of less than three months).
2. In the context of Council Directive 2008/115/EC (Return Directive) ,
‘return’ as defined in Art. 3(3), is understood as return which occurs once
a return decision has been issued. This glossary uses the term ‹forced
return› to describe ‹return› as defined in the Return Directive.
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
Return Coordinator
BG координатор по въпросите на връщането
CS návratový koordinátor
DE Rückkehrkoordinator / Rückführungskoordinator
EL Συντονιστής Επιστροφών
EN Return Coordinator
ES coordinador de retorno
ET tagasisaatmise koordinaator
FI palauttamisasioiden koordinaattori
FR coordinateur chargé des retours
GA comhordaitheoir um fhilleadh
HR koordinator za povratak
HU visszatérési koordinátor
IT coordinatore per i rimpatri
LT grąžinimo koordinatorius
LV atgriešanas koordinators
MT Koordinatur għar-Ritorn
NL terugkeercoördinator
PL Koordynator ds. Powrotów
C
D
Definition(s)
Person appointed by the European Commission to bring
together different strands of return policy and to support
the consistent and coherent implementation of return
policy as well as the establishment of a common EU
return system.
Source(s)
Derived by EMN from European
Commission: Communication on a New Pact on
Migration and Asylum, COM(2020) 609 final and
IATE
Synonym(s)
J
EU Return Coordinator
Broader term(s)
K
return
Related term(s)
L
European Border and Coast Guard Agency (Frontex)
High-Level Network for Return
M
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
SK koordinátor pre návraty
Euro Voc Classification
SV återvändandesamordnare
NO returkoordinator
KA კოორდინატორი დაბრუნების საკითხებში
UK координатор з питань повернення
HY
վերադարձի գործընթացը համակարգող
G
I
RO Coordonator pentru returnare
SL koordinator za vračanje
F
H
2.2 EU (e.g. Common European Asylum System,
Qualification Directive, European Agenda for Migration)|
12. Return and Readmission
PT Coordenador para Retorno
E
1011 European Union law| 2811 migration
N
O
P
Note(s)
1. The function of a return coordinator was created under the New Pact
on Migration and Asylum.
2. The first EU Return Coordinator was appointed on 2 March 2022 to
establish an effective and common European return system by
coordinating actions between the EU and EU Member States. The return
coordinator is supported by EU Member States’ representatives of
the High-Level Network for Return and the European Border and
Coast Guard Agency (Frontex).
3. The work of both the EU Return Coordinator and the High-Level Network
will be strategically aligned through an operational return strategy. For
more information see EuropeanCommission: Policy Document: Towards an
operational strategy for more effective returns, COM(2023) 45 final.
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
507
return counselling
BG консултиране относно връщането
CS návratové poradenství
DE Rückkehrberatung
EL συμβουλευτική επιστροφών
EN return counselling
ES Retorno asistido
ET tagasisaatmise nõustamine
FI paluuneuvonta
FR conseil en matière de retour
GA comhairleoireacht fillte
HR savjetovanje o povratku
Definition(s)
Individual return advice to potential returnees,
including – depending on the circumstances of the case
- information on the obligation to leave the country and
the consequences if not leaving, different return support
schemes, information on the situation in the country
of return and the potential prospects for the returnees
for a new start in their country of return with the aim to
encourage (assisted) voluntary return.
Source(s)
Developed by EMN
Related term(s)
IT counselling sul rimpatrio
assisted voluntary return and reintegration programme
(AVRR)
pre-departure counselling
LT konsultavimas grąžinimo klausimais
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
HU visszatérési tanácsadás
LV konsultēšana par atgriešanu / piespiedu izraidīšanu
MT Servizz ta’ pariri għar-ritorn
NL Terugkeerbegeleiding
PL doradztwo w zakresie powrotu
PT aconselhamento na área do retorno
RO consiliere pentru returnare / consiliere în materie de
returnare
SK návratové poradenstvo
SL svetovanje pri vračanju
12. Return and Readmission
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration
Note(s)
1. Potential returnees encompass rejected applicants for international
protection, applicants while their application is still pending, irregular
migrants and other persons who are obliged to return to the
their country of origin or another third country.
2. The term pre-departure counselling is sometimes used as a synonym,
but also in a broader context not related to return.
SV återvändanderådgivning
NO returrådgivning
KA კონსულტაცია დაბრუნებასთან დაკავშირებით
UK консультації з повернення
HY
508
վերադարձի խորհրդատվություն
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
return decision
C
BG решение за връщане
CS rozhodnutí o návratu
DE Rückkehrentscheidung (EU acquis);
Rückführungsentscheidung (DE)
An administrative or judicial decision or act, stating or
declaring the stay of a third-country national to be
illegal and imposing or stating an obligation to return.
EL απόφαση επιστροφής
Source(s)
EN return decision
ES resolución de expulsión
ET lahkumisettekirjutus
FR décision de retour
F
Art. 3(4) of Council Directive 2008/115/EC (Return
Directive)
G
Synonym(s)
H
I
Broader term(s)
GA cinneadh fillte
removal
HR odluka o povratku
J
Narrower term(s)
HU kiutasítást elrendelő határozat
K
removal order
IT decisione di ritorno / rimpatrio
Related term(s)
LT sprendimas grąžinti / sprendimas dėl grąžinimo
L
expulsion decision
enforcement measure
voluntary departure
LV atgriešanas lēmums (EU acquis); izbraukšanas
rīkojums / lēmums par piespiedu izraidīšanu
MT Deċiżjoni ta’ ritorn
M
Euro Voc Classification
NL terugkeerbesluit
PL decyzja o powrocie
PT decisão de afastamento / notificação para abandono
SK rozhodnutie o návrate
E
obligation to leave
obligation to return
FI palauttamispäätös
RO decizie de returnare
D
Definition(s)
2811 migration
N
Note(s)
O
For some EU Member States, a return decision and removal order may
occur within one administrative or judicial act as provided for in their
national legislation.
SL odločba o vrnitvi
Q
SV beslut om återvändande
NO returvedtak
R
KA გადაწყვეტილება დაბრუნების შესახებ
UK рішення про повернення
HY
P
S
վերադարձի որոշում
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
509
return intervention
BG намеса във връщането
CS návratová intervence
Definition(s)
ES Intervención de retorno
An activity of the European Border and Coast
Guard Agency (Frontex) providing EU Member States
with enhanced technical and operational assistance
consisting of the deployment of European return
intervention teams to EU Member States and the
organisation of return operations.
ET tagasisaatmisega seotud sekkumine
Source(s)
DE Rückführungseinsatz / Rückkehreinsatz
EL επέμβαση επιστροφής
EN return intervention
FI palauttamisinterventio
FR intervention en matière de retour
GA Idirghabháil um fhilleadh
HR intervencija vraćanja
HU visszaküldési intervenció
IT intervento di rimpatrio
LT grąžinimo pagalba
LV atgriešanas nodrošināšanas operācija
MT Intervent għal operazzjoni ta’ ritorn
NL terugkeerinterventie
PL interwencja powrotowa
PT intervenção de regresso
RO intervenție pentru returnare
SK návratová intervencia
SL posredovanje na področju vračanja
SV återvändandeintervention
NO Støtte til gjennomføring av retur (b); Stønad til å
gjennomføre retur (n)
Art. 2(28) of Regulation (EU) 2019/1896 (European
Border and Coast Guard Regulation)
Broader term(s)
removal
Narrower term(s)
Rapid Border Intervention Team (RABIT)
Related term(s)
return operation
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration
Note(s)
In contrast to return operations, (rapid) return interventions may be
provided by Frontex in circumstances where an EU Member State is facing
a burden or specific and disproportionate challenges when implementing
the obligation to return third-country nationals upon request of that EU
Member State. Such return interventions shall be based on an operational
plan drawn up by the executive director of Frontex in agreement with the
host EU Member State and the participating EU Member States. They shall
be financed or co-financed by Frontex. (see Art. 33 of the Regulation (EU)
2016/1624 (European Border and Coast Guard Regulation)
KA დაბრუნების პროცესში ოპერაციული ჩარევა
UK втручання в повернення
HY
510
վերադարձի միջամտություն
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
return operation
BG операция по връщане
CS návratová operace
C
D
Definition(s)
ES Operación de retorno
An operation that is coordinated by the European
Border and Coast Guard Agency (Frontex) and
involves technical and operational reinforcement being
provided by one or more EU Member States under
which returnees from one or more EU Member States
are returned either on a forced or voluntary basis.
ET tagasisaatmisoperatsioon
Source(s)
DE Rückführungsaktion / Rückkehraktion
EL επιχείρηση επαναπατρισμού
EN return operation
FI palauttamisoperaatio
FR opération de retour
GA Oibríocht um fhilleadh
HR operacija vraćanja
HU visszaküldési művelet
IT operazione di rimpatrio
LT grąžinimo operacija
LV atgriešanas operācija (EU acquis) / izraidīšanas
operācija
MT Operazzjoni ta’ ritorn
NL terugkeeroperatie
PL operacja powrotowa
PT Operação de regresso
RO operațiune de returnare
SK návratová operácia
SL operacija vračanja
SV återvändandeinsats
Art. 2(27) of of Regulation (EU) 2019/1896 (European
Border and Coast Guard Regulation)
Synonym(s)
joint return operation
JRO
F
G
H
I
J
Related term(s)
K
forced return
voluntary return
L
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration
M
Note(s)
1. Most EU Member States, CH and NO organise return operations
individually at the national level. There is, however, a possibility for two or
more countries to organise a joint return operation.
2. According to Art. 28 of the Regulation (EU) 2016/1624 (European
Border and Coast Guard Regulation) Frontex shall provide the necessary
assistance and either at the request of one or several participating EU
Member States or on its own initiative, ensure the coordination or the
organisation of joint return operations, including through the chartering of
aircraft.
NO Returoperasjon
KA დაბრუნების ოპერაცია
N
O
P
Q
R
UK операція з повернення
HY
E
S
վերադարձի գործողություն
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
511
returnee
BG върнат
CS navracený cizinec
DE Rückkehrer
EL επαναπατριζόμενος
EN returnee
ES extranjero retornado
ET tagasipöörduja
FI palaaja/palautettava
FR personne éloignée (retour forcé) / personne retournée
(retour volontaire ou spontané)
Definition(s)
A person going from a host country back to a country
of origin, country of nationality or habitual residence
usually after spending a significant period of time in the
host country whether voluntary or forced, assisted or
spontaneous.
Source(s)
EMN: Programmes and Strategies in the EU Member
States fostering Assisted Return to and Reintegration in
Third Countries, 2011
Related term(s)
GA imirceach fillteach
return
HR povratnik
Euro Voc Classification
HU visszatérő
IT persona che compie ritorno
LT grįžtantysis / grąžinamasis
LV izraidāmais
MT Migrant(a) ritornat(a)
NL terugkeerder
PL osoba powracająca
2811 migration
Note(s)
The definition covers all categories of migrants (persons who have
resided legally in a country as well as failed asylum seekers) and different
ways the return is implemented (e.g. voluntary, forced, assisted and
spontaneous). It does not cover stays shorter than three months (such as
holiday visits or business meetings and other visits typically considered to
be for a period of time of less than three months).
PT retornado
RO persoană returnată
SK navrátilec
SL oseba v postopku vračanja
SV återvändare
NO den personen som vender hjem (b); den personen
som vender heim (n)
KA დასაბრუნებელი პირი
UK репатріант
HY
512
վերադարձող
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
right of asylum
C
BG право на убежище (от гледна точка на държавата,
предоставяща закрила)
CS právo azylu
DE Recht, Asyl zu gewähren; Asylrecht (DE)
EL δικαίωμα ασύλου
EN right of asylum
ES derecho de asilo
ET õigus varjupaigale
FI turvapaikkaoikeus
FR droit d’accorder d’asile / droit d’asile
GA ceart tearmainn
HR pravo države da pruži utočište/odobri azil
HU menedékjog
IT diritto di asilo
LT prieglobsčio suteikimo teisė
LV patvēruma tiesības
MT Dritt mogħti għall-ażil
D
Definition(s)
The right of the State, in virtue of its territorial
sovereignty and in the exercise of its discretion, to allow
a non-national to enter and reside, and to resist the
exercise of jurisdiction by any State over that individual.
E
Source(s)
G
Synonym(s)
H
Broader term(s)
I
Related term(s)
J
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
K
UNHCR International Thesaurus of Refugee Terminology
right to grant asylum
asylum
right to asylum
4. International Protection and other Types of Protection|
4.2.1 Constitutional Asylum
Euro Voc Classification
PT direito de asilo
RO dreptul la azil
SK právo udeliť azyl
SL pravica do azila
SV asylrätt
M
Note(s)
N
1. In some States there are narrower or broader criteria than that laid
down in the Geneva Refugee Convention and Protocol.
2. The International Organization for Migration (IOM) uses a generic
term, in two senses:
the right to grant asylum (a State may grant asylum in its territory to
any person at its own discretion) and
the right to be granted asylum either vis-à-vis the State in whose
territory asylum is requested, or visà-vis the pursuing State.
NO rett til å gi beskyttelse / asyl (b); rett til å gje vern /
asyl (n)
O
P
Q
R
KA თავშესაფრით უზრუნველყოფის უფლება
UK право притулку
HY
L
1231 international law| 2811 migration
NL asielrecht / recht van asiel
PL prawo do udzielenia azylu
F
S
ապաստանի իրավունք
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
513
right of residence
BG право на пребиваване
CS právo na pobyt
Definition(s)
DE Aufenthaltsrecht
The right to regularly reside in a given country, according
to the migration law of that country.
EL δικαίωμα διαμονής
Source(s)
EN right of residence
Developed by EMN
ES derecho de residencia
Synonym(s)
ET elamisõigus
right to reside
FI oleskeluoikeus
Narrower term(s)
FR droit de séjour
GA ceart cónaithe
HR pravo na boravak
HU tartózkodási jog
IT diritto di soggiorno
LT teisė gyventi šalyje
LV uzturēšanās tiesības
MT Dritt għar-residenza
NL verblijfsrecht
PL prawo pobytu
PT direito de residência
RO drept de şedere / dreptul de rezidență
SK právo zdržiavať sa v krajine / právo na pobyt v krajine
SL pravica do prebivanja
residence document
residence permit
Related term(s)
host country
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
8.1 Right of residence, authorisation of stay/long-term
visa, / residence permits
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration
Note(s)
In the EU context, the right of residence for EU citizens is covered by
Council Directive 2004/38/EC (Free Movement Directive) which
differentiates between the right of residence for up to three months (Art.
6) and the right of residence for more than three months (Art. 7). EEA and
Swiss citizens enjoy the same rights as Union citizens within the
European area of free movement.
SV uppehållsrätt
NO rett til opphold (b); rett til opphald (n)
KA ბინადრობის უფლება
UK право на проживання
HY
514
կացության իրավունք
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
right to an effective remedy
BG право на ефективни правни средства за защита
C
D
Definition(s)
CS právo na účinný opravný prostředek
E
ES Derecho a recurrir
A general principle of European Union law set out in
Art. 47 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the
European Union which gives everyone whose rights and
freedoms guaranteed by EU law are violated the right
to a legal remedy before a national authority or tribunal
notwithstanding that the violation has been committed
by persons acting in an official capacity.
ET õigus tõhusale õiguskaitsevahendile
Source(s)
H
DE Recht auf einen wirksamen Rechtsbehelf / Recht auf
Rechtsbehelf; Recht auf Berufung (DE, LU)
EL δικαίωμα πραγματικής προσφυγής
EN right to an effective remedy
Derived by EMN from Art. 47 of the Charter of
Fundamental Rights of the European Union
FI oikeus tehokkaisiin oikeussuojakeinoihin
FR droit à un recours effectif
GA an ceart chun leighis éifeachtaigh agus chun trialach
córa / an ceart chun leighis éifeachtaigh agus chun
trialach cothroime
HR pravo na djelotovran pravni lijek
HU hatékony jogorvoslathoz való jog
Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union
fundamental rights
IT diritto a un ricorso effettivo
Euro Voc Classification
J
right to appeal
Broader term(s)
1236 rights and freedoms
Note(s)
L
N
The right to an effective remedy is based on Art. 13 of the European
Convention on Human Rights.
NL Recht op een doeltreffende voorziening in rechte
K
M
LV tiesības uz efektīvu tiesību aizsardzību
MT Dritt għal rimedju effettiv
G
I
Synonym(s)
LT teisė į veiksmingą teisinę gynybą
F
PL prawo do skutecznego środka prawnego
O
PT direito de recurso
RO drept la o cale de atac eficientă / dreptul la o cale de
atac eficientă
P
SK právo na účinný opravný prostriedok
Q
SL pravica do učinkovitega pravnega sredstva
R
SV rätt till ett effektivt rättsmedel
NO rett til et effektivt rettsmiddel
KA სამართლებრივი დაცვის ქმედითი საშუალების
S
UK право на ефективний засіб правового захисту
T
უფლება
HY
իրավական պաշտպանության արդյունավետ միջոցի
իրավունք
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
515
right to asylum
BG право на убежище (от гледна точка на търсещия
закрила)
CS právo na azyl
DE Recht auf Asyl
EL δικαίωμα στο άσυλο
EN right to asylum
ES derecho de asilo
ET õigus varjupaika taotleda
FI oikeus turvapaikkaan
FR droit d’asile / droit à l’asile / droit de demander l’asile
GA ceart ar thearmann
HR pravo na azil
HU menedékhez való jog
IT diritto all’asilo
LT teisė į prieglobstį
LV tiesības uz patvērumu
Definition(s)
The right of a person to seek asylum, guaranteed
with due respect by the rules of the Geneva Refugee
Convention and Protocol and in accordance with the
Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU).
Source(s)
Art. 18 of the European Charter of Fundamental
Rights and
Art. 14 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Synonym(s)
right to seek asylum
Related term(s)
right to asylum
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
4.2.1 Constitutional Asylum
Euro Voc Classification
1231 international law| 2811 migration
MT Dritt għall-ażil
NL recht op asiel
PL prawo do ochrony międzynarodowej
PT direito ao asilo
RO dreptul la azil
Note(s)
1. In the European Union, the right to asylum is enshrined in Art. 18 of
the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union.
2. Refugees have no enforceable right in conventional international law
to be granted asylum by a State. It is contested whether customary
international law has embraced the individual right to asylum.
SK právo na azyl
SL pravica do azila
SV rätt till asyl
NO rett til beskyttelse (b); rett til vern (n)
KA თავშესაფრის უფლება
UK право на притулок
HY
516
ապաստանի իրավունք
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
right to family life
BG право на семеен живот
CS právo na rodinný život
DE Recht auf Familienleben
EL δικαίωμα στην οικογενειακή ζωή
EN right to family life
ES derecho a la vida en familia
ET õigus pere(konna)elule
FI oikeus perhe-elämään
FR droit à la vie familiale
GA ceart chun saol teaghlaigh
C
A right enshrined in Arts. 7, 9 and 33 of the Charter
of Fundamental Rights of the European Union and
Art. 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights
(ECHR).
E
Source(s)
G
Narrower term(s)
H
Related term(s)
I
European Charter of Fundamental Rights
right to family unity
IT diritto alla vita familiare
chain migration
family formation
family reunification
family migration
LT teisė į šeimos gyvenimą
Euro Voc Classification
HR pravo na obiteljski život
HU családi élethez való jog
LV tiesības uz ģimenes dzīvi
D
Definition(s)
J
K
MT Dritt għal ħajja f’familja / familjari
1011 European Union law| 1236 rights and freedoms|
2806 family
NL recht op eerbiediging van familie- en gezinsleven /
recht op familie- en gezinsleven
Note(s)
PL prawo do życia rodzinnego
PT direito à vida familiar
RO dreptul la viaţă de familie
L
M
There is a distinction between the right to family life and the right to
family unity. The right to family life is a fundamental right enshrined in
the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. The right to
family unity relates more to the purpose and procedural aspects of entry
and stay for the purpose of reuniting a family.
SK právo na rodinný život
N
O
P
SL pravica do družinskega življenja
SV rätt till familjeliv
Q
NO rett til familieliv
KA ოჯახური ცხოვრების უფლება
R
UK право на сімейне життя
HY
F
S
ընտանեկան կյանքի իրավունք
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
517
right to family unity
BG право на запазването на целостта на семейството
CS právo na zachování jednoty rodiny
DE Recht auf Familieneinheit / Recht auf Wahrung des
Familienverbandes
EL δικαίωμα στην οικογενειακή ενότητα
EN right to family unity
ES derecho a la unidad de la familia
Definition(s)
In the context of a refugee, a right provisioned in Art.
23 of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification
Directive) and in Art. 12 of Directive 2013/33/EU (Recast
Reception Conditions Directive) obliging EU Member
States to ensure that family unity can be maintained.
Source(s)
FR droit à l’unité familiale
Derived by EMN from Art. 23 of Directive 2011/95/EU
(Recast Qualification Directive) and
Art. 12 of Directive 2013/33/EU (Recast Reception
Conditions Directive)
GA ceart chun aontacht teaghlaigh
Synonym(s)
ET õigus perekonna ühtsusele
FI oikeus perheen yhtenäisyyteen
HR pravo na cjelovitost obitelji
HU a család egységéhez való jog
IT diritto all’unità familiare
LT teisė į šeimos vientisumą
LV tiesības uz ģimenes vienotību
MT Dritt għall-għaqda / għall-unità tal-familja
NL recht op instandhouding van het (kern-)gezin / recht
op eenheid van het gezin
PL prawo do jedności rodziny
PT direito à unidade familiar
RO dreptul la unitatea familiei
SK právo na jednotu rodiny
SL pravica do enotnosti družine / pravica do združitve
družine
SV rätt till familjesammanhållning
NO rett til familiens enhet (b); rett til familieeining (n)
KA ოჯახის ერთიანობის უფლება
UK право на єдність сім’ї
HY
518
ընտանիքի միասնության իրավունք
family unity
principle of family unity
Broader term(s)
right to family life
Narrower term(s)
family reunification
Related term(s)
chain migration
family formation
family migration
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
3.2 Migration for Family Reasons| 7.3 Families
Euro Voc Classification
1231 international law| 2806 family
Note(s)
There is a distinction between the right to family unity and the right to
family life. The right to family unity relates more to the purpose and
procedural aspects of entry and stay for the purpose of reuniting a family,
in order to meet the fundamental rights enshrined in the Charter of
Fundamental Rights of the European Union.
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
right to free movement
BG право на свободно движение
C
D
Definition(s)
CS právo volného pohybu
E
The right of EU citizens and legally resident thirdcountry nationals (in accordance with the Treaty
establishing the European Community) to move and
reside freely within the territory of the EU Member
States.
DE Recht auf Freizügigkeit
EL δικαίωμα ελεύθερης κυκλοφορίας (EL); δικαίωμα
ελεύθερης διακίνησης (CY)
EN right to free movement
F
G
Source(s)
ES derecho a la libre circulación
ET vaba liikumise õigus
Derived by EMN from Art. 45 of the European Charter of
Fundamental Rights
FI oikeus liikkua vapaasti
Synonym(s)
FR droit à la libre circulation
I
freedom of movement
GA ceart saorghluaiseachta
HR pravo slobode kretanja
Narrower term(s)
J
Euro Voc Classification
K
intra-EU mobility
HU szabad mozgáshoz való jog
IT diritto di libera circolazione
1011 European Union law| 1236 rights and freedoms
LT laisvo judėjimo teisė
MT Dritt għal-libertà tal-moviment / għall‑moviment bla
xkiel / għall-merħ ħieles
NL recht op vrij verkeer
PL prawo do swobodnego przepływu
PT direito de livre circulação
RO dreptul la liberă circulaţie
SK právo na slobodný pohyb / právo na voľný pohyb
SL pravica do prostega gibanja
SV rätt till fri rörlighet
NO rett til fri bevegelse (b); rett til fri rørsle (n)
KA თავისუფალი გადაადგილების უფლება
UK право на свободу пересування
HY
ազատ տեղաշարժի իրավունք
L
Note(s)
LV tiesības brīvi pārvietoties
H
1. The right to free movement is one of the basic rights of EU citizens
which was initially one of the founding rights in the establishment of the
European Union and enshrined in Art. 21(1) of TFEU; it has been
developed by EU secondary legislation and the case law of the Court of
Justice of the European Union (CJEU).
2. Free movement of workers also applies to the countries in the European
Economic Area (IS, LI, NO) and to CH.
3. The provisions of the treaties in relation to freedom of movement apply
in the same way to the ten EU Member States that joined the EU in 2004,
BG and RO that joined in January 2007 and HR, which joined in July 2013.
Some of the original EU Member States (before May 2004) apply
transitional agreements that currently restrict freedom of movement to
workers for a certain time period (see the description of freedom of
movement on the European Citizens’ Information website).
4. Freedom of movement and residence are granted, in accordance with
the Treaty establishing the European Community, only for certain
categories of third-country nationals, i.e. long-term residents, highly-skilled
workers, researchers and students. Whilst third-country nationals who hold
a valid residence permit or visa have the right to move freely within the
Schengen area for up to three months within a six-month period, the
rights in relation to taking up residence for a period exceeding three
months in another EU Member State are covered by specific legal
instruments, depending on their status, and subject to conditions in
national legislation.
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
519
risk of absconding
BG опасност от укриване
CS nebezpečí útěku
DE Fluchtgefahr / Gefahr, unterzutauchen
EL κίνδυνος διαφυγής
EN risk of absconding
ES riesgo de fuga
Definition(s)
In the EU context, existence of reasons in an individual
case which are based on objective criteria defined by law
to believe that a third-country national who is subject
to return procedures may abscond.
Source(s)
FI pakenemisen vaara
Art. 3(7) of Directive 2008/115/EC (Return Directive) and
Art. 2(n) of Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 (Dublin III
Regulation)
FR risque de fuite
Broader term(s)
ET põgenemise / kõrvalehoidumise oht
GA baol éalaithe
HR rizik od bijega
HU szökés veszélye
IT rischio di fuga
LT pasislėpimo pavojus
LV bēgšanas iespējamība
absconding
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration
Note(s)
This covers one type of absconding.
MT Riskju / Biża’ ta’ ħarba / ħrib / kontumaċja
NL risico op onderduiken
PL ryzyko ucieczki
PT perigo de fuga
RO risc de sustragere /riscul de a se sustrage
SK riziko úteku
SL tveganje pobega / nevarnost pobega
SV risk för avvikande
NO risiko for unndragelse (b); risiko for unndraging (n)
KA მიმალვის რისკი
UK ризик втечі
HY
520
արդարադատությունից խուսափելու ռիսկ
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
safe country of origin
BG сигурна страна на произход
CS bezpečná země původu
EL ασφαλής χώρα καταγωγής
EN safe country of origin
ES país de origen seguro
ET turvaline päritoluriik
FI turvallinen alkuperämaa
FR pays d’origine sûr
GA tír thionscnaimh atá sábháilte
A country where, on the basis of the legal situation, the
application of the law within a democratic system and
the general political circumstances, it can be shown that
there is generally and consistently no persecution as
defined in Art. 9 of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast
Qualification Directive), no torture or inhuman
or degrading treatment or punishment and no threat
by reason of indiscriminate violence in situations of
international or internal armed conflict.
E
Source(s)
I
HR sigurna zemlja podrijetla
Annex 1 of Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum
Procedures Directive)
HU biztonságos származási ország
Synonym(s)
IT paese di origine sicuro
concept of safe country of origin
LT saugi kilmės šalis (EU acquis); saugi kilmės valstybė
Broader term(s)
LV droša izcelsmes valsts
country of origin
MT Pajjiż tal-oriġini sigur / bla perikli
Related term(s)
NL veilig land van herkomst
safe third country
PL bezpieczny kraj pochodzenia
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
RO ţara de origine sigură
SK bezpečná krajina pôvodu
SL varna izvorna država
SV säkert ursprungsland
NO trygt hjemland (b); trygt heimland (n)
KA უსაფრთხო წარმომავლობის (წარმოშობის)
ქვეყანა
UK безпечна країна походження
HY
անվտանգ ծագման երկիր
D
Definition(s)
DE sicherer Herkunftsstaat
PT país de origem seguro
C
F
G
H
J
K
L
M
4.1.1 Refugee protection| 6.2.5 Accelerated and other
specific procedures
N
Euro Voc Classification
O
1011 European Union law| 2811 migration
P
Note(s)
1. According to Art. 37 of Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum
Procedures Directive), EU Member States may retain or introduce
legislation that allows for the national designation of safe countries of
origin for the purposes of examining applications for international
protection.
2. According to the Protocol 29 of TFEU, EU Member States shall be
regarded as constituting safe countries of origin in respect of each other
for all legal and practical purposes in relation to asylum matters.
Accordingly, any application for asylum made by a national of a
Member State are normally not taken into consideration.
3. EU Member States shall regularly review the situation in third
countries that are designated as safe countries of origin.
4. The assessment of whether a country is a safe country of origin shall
be based on a range of sources of information, including in particular
information from other EU Member States, European Union Agency for
Asylum (EUAA), United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
(UNHCR), the Council of Europe and other relevant international
organisations.
5. According to Art. 36 of Directive 2013/32/EU, the ‘concept of safe
country of origin’ means that a third country is - after an individual
examination of the application - considered as a safe country of origin for
a particular applicant only if:
they have the nationality of that country; or
they are a stateless person and were formerly habitually resident in
that country,
and they have not submitted any serious grounds for considering the
country not to be a safe country of origin in their particular
circumstances and in terms of their qualification as a beneficiary of
international protection in accordance with Directive 2011/95/EU
(Recast Qualification Directive).
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
521
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
safe third country
BG сигурна трета страна
CS bezpečná třetí země
DE sicherer Drittstaat
EL ασφαλής τρίτη χώρα
EN safe third country
ES tercer país seguro
ET turvaline kolmas riik
FI turvallinen kolmas maa
FR pays tiers sûr
GA tríú tír atá sábháilte
HR sigurna treća zemlja
HU biztonságos harmadik ország
IT paese terzo sicuro
LT saugi trečioji šalis (EU acquis); saugi trečioji valstybė
LV droša trešā valsts
MT Pajjiż terz sigur / bla perikli
NL veilig derde land
PL bezpieczny kraj trzeci
PT país terceiro seguro
RO ţară terţă sigură
SK bezpečná tretia krajina
SL varna tretja država
SV säkert tredjeland
NO trygt tredjeland
KA უსაფრთხო მესამე ქვეყანა
Definition(s)
A third country that treats a person
seeking international protection in accordance with
accepted international standards, in particular:
(a) life and liberty are not threatened on account of race,
religion, nationality, membership of a particular social
group or political opinion;
(b) there is no risk of serious harm as defined
in Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive);
(c) the principle of non-refoulement in accordance
with the Geneva Refugee Convention and Protocol is
respected;
(d) the prohibition of removal, in violation of the
right to freedom from torture and cruel, inhuman or
degrading treatment as laid down in international law,
is respected; and
(e) the possibility exists to request refugee status and,
if found to be a refugee, to receive protection in
accordance with the Geneva Refugee Convention and
Protocol.
Source(s)
Derived by EMN from Art. 38 of Directive 2013/32/EU
(Recast Asylum Procedures Directive)
Broader term(s)
third country
Related term(s)
safe country of origin
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
UK безпечна третя країна
4.1 International protection| 6.2.5 Accelerated and other
specific procedures
HY
Euro Voc Classification
անվտանգ երրորդ երկիր
1011 European Union law| 2811 migration
522
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
Schengen Agreement
BG Шенгенско споразумение
CS Schengenská dohoda
C
D
Definition(s)
ES Acuerdo de Schengen
An agreement between some EU Member States and
some neighbouring non-Member States to gradually
remove controls at their common borders and introduce
freedom of movement for all nationals of the signatory
Member States, other EU Member States or third
countries.
ET Schengeni leping
Source(s)
DE Schengener Übereinkommen
EL Συμφωνία Σένγκεν
EN Schengen Agreement
FI Schengenin sopimus
Derived by EMN from the Schengen Agreement
FR accord de Schengen
Related term(s)
GA Comhaontú Schengen
HR Schengenski sporazum
HU Schengeni Megállapodás
IT Accordo di Schengen
LT Šengeno susitarimas
LV Šengenas nolīgums
MT Ftehim (Il-) ta’ Schengen
NL Schengenakkoord
PL Układ z Schengen
PT Acordo de Schengen
RO Acordul Schengen
SK Schengenská dohoda
SL Schengenski sporazum
SV Schengenavtalet
NO Schengen-avtalen
F
G
H
I
Schengen Borders Code
Schengen Convention
Schengen Information System (SIS)
J
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
K
Euro Voc Classification
L
6.1.1 Border control| 6.1.3 Schengen governance
1011 European Union law| 2811 migration
M
Note(s)
1. The Schengen Agreement was signed on 14 June 1985 between BE,
FR, DE, LU and NL.
2. The Agreement and the Convention, the rules adopted on that basis
and the related agreements together form the ‘Schengen acquis’. Since
1999, this has formed part of the institutional and legal framework of the
European Union by virtue of a protocol to the Treaty of Amsterdam.
3. The rules governing the movement of persons across borders are set
out in Regulation (EU) 2016/399 (Schengen Borders Code).
4. For more information, see the website of the European Commission on
Schengen .
KA შენგენის შეთანხმება
N
O
P
Q
R
UK Шенгенська угода
HY
E
Շենգենյան համաձայնագիր
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
523
Schengen Borders Code
BG Шенгенски граничен кодекс
CS Schengenský hraniční kodex
Definition(s)
DE Schengener Grenzkodex
The rules governing border control of persons crossing
the external EU borders of the EU Member States.
EL Κώδικας Συνόρων Σένγκεν
Source(s)
EN Schengen Borders Code
ES Código de fronteras Schengen
ET Schengeni piirieeskirjad
Derived by the EMN from Regulation (EU) 2016/399
(Schengen Borders Code)
Related term(s)
LT Šengeno sienų kodeksas
border control
external EU border
internal EU border
irregular entry
legal entry
refusal of entry
Schengen Agreement
Schengen Information System (SIS)
LV Šengenas Robežu kodekss
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
FI Schengenin rajasäännöstö
FR code frontières Schengen
GA Cód Teorainneacha Schengen
HR Zakonik o schengenskim granicama
HU Schengeni határ-ellenőrzési kódex
IT Codice Frontiere Schengen
MT Kodiċi tal-Fruntieri / tal-Konfini ta’ Schengen
6.1.1 Border control| 6.1.3 Schengen governance
NL Schengengrenscode
Euro Voc Classification
PL kodeks graniczny Schengen
1011 European Union law| 2811 migration
PT Código das Fronteiras Schengen
RO Codul Frontierelor Schengen
SK Kódex schengenských hraníc
SL Zakonik o schengenskih mejah
SV kodex om Schengengränserna
NO Schengen-regelverket
KA შენგენის სასაზღვრო კოდექსი
UK Шенгенський прикордонний кодекс
HY
524
Շենգենյան Սահմանային Օրենսգիրք
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
Schengen Convention
BG Шенгенска конвенция
C
D
Definition(s)
CS Schengenská prováděcí úmluva
E
Legislation supplementing the Schengen
Agreement and laying down the arrangements and
safeguards for implementing freedom of movement.
DE Schengener Durchführungsübereinkommen
EL Συνθήκη Σένγκεν
F
Source(s)
EN Schengen Convention
Derived by EMN from the Schengen acquis
ES Convenio de Schengen
G
Synonym(s)
ET Schengeni konventsioon
H
Convention implementing the Schengen Agreement
FI Schengenin yleissopimus
Related term(s)
FR convention de Schengen
I
Schengen Agreement
Schengen Borders Code
Schengen Information System (SIS)
GA Coinbhinsiún Schengen
HR Schengenska konvencija
HU Schengeni Egyezmény
J
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
IT Convenzione di Schengen
K
6.1.1 Border control| 6.1.3 Schengen governance
LT Šengeno konvencija
Euro Voc Classification
LV Šengenas konvencija
L
1011 European Union law| 2811 migration
MT Konvenzjoni (il-) ta’ Schengen
M
NL Schengenverdrag / Schengenuitvoeringsovereenkomst
PL Konwencja Wykonawcza do Układu z Schengen
N
PT Convenção de Schengen
RO Convenţia Schengen
O
SK Schengenský dohovor
SL Schengenska konvencija
P
SV Schengenkonventionen
NO Schengen-konvensjonen
Q
KA შენგენის კონვენცია
R
UK Шенгенська конвенція
HY
Շենգենյան կոնվենցիա
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
525
Schengen evaluation and
monitoring mechanism
BG механизъм за оценка и наблюдение на Шенген
CS Schengenský evaluační a monitorovací mechanismus
DE Schengen-Evaluierungs- und
Überwachungsmechanismus / Schengener
Evaluierungs- und Überwachungsmechanismus
EL μηχανισμός παρακολούθησης και αξιολόγησης Σένγκεν
EN Schengen evaluation and monitoring mechanism
ES Mecanismo de evaluación y seguimiento de
Schengen
ET Schengeni hindamis - ja järelevalvemehhanism
FI Schengenin säännöstön soveltamisen varmistamisen
arviointi- ja valvontamekanismi
FR mécanisme d’évaluation et de contrôle destiné à
vérifier l’application de l’acquis de Schengen
GA meicníocht meastóireachta agus monatóireachta
Schengen
Definition(s)
A mechanism established to verify the application of
the Schengen acquis in the Schengen Member States
to which it applies in full as well as in Schengen
Member States to which, in accordance with the
relevant Protocols annexed to the TEU and to the
TFEU, the Schengen acquis applies in part to ensure an
effective, consistent and transparent application of the
Schengen rules and regulations while at the same time
maintaining a high level of mutual trust between those
Member States.
Source(s)
Derived by EMN from Art. 1 of Council Regulation (EU)
No 1053/2013 (Schengen Evaluation Regulation) and
Description of the Schengen evaluation and monitoring
on the website of DG Migration and Home Affairs
Related term(s)
HR Mehanizam evaluacije i praćenja za provjeru
primjene schengenske pravne stečevine
Schengen Information System (SIS)
HU schengeni értékelési és nyomonkövetési
mechanizmus
6.1.1 Border control| 6.1.3 Schengen governance
IT meccanismo di valutazione e di controllo per
verificare l’applicazione dell’acquis di Schengen
LT Šengeno vertinimo ir stebėsenos mechanizmas
LV Šengenas izvērtēšanas un uzraudzības mehānisms
MT Mekkaniżmu (Il-) Schengen t’ evalwazzjoni u
monitoraġġ
NL Schengenevaluatie- en toezichtmechanisme
PL mechanizmu oceny i monitorowania w celu
weryfikacji stosowania dorobku Schengen
PT mecanismo de avaliação e monitorização Schengen
RO Mecanismului de evaluare și monitorizare Schengen
SK Schengenský mechanizmus hodnotenia a
monitorovania
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
Euro Voc Classification
1011 European Union law| 2811 migration
Note(s)
1. According to Art. 4 of the Regulation the mechanism covers all aspects
of the Schengen acquis, including external EU borders, visa policy,
the Schengen Information System (SIS), data protection, police
cooperation, judicial cooperation in criminal matters, as well as the
absence of border control at the internal EU borders and the
functioning of the authorities applying the relevant parts of the Schengen
acquis. It introduces the possibility to carry out unannounced on-site visits
and gives clearer rules for the set up and adoption of evaluation reports
and recommendations, as well as for the follow-up of identified
deficiencies in Schengen Member State’s external border control.
2. The European Commission is responsible for the overall organisation
and implementation of the mechanism in close cooperation with the
Schengen Member States.
SL Schengenski ocenjevalni in spremljevalni mehanizem
SV utvärderings- och övervakningsmekanism för
Schengen
NO Evalueringsmekanisme for Schengen
KA შენგენის შეფასებისა და მონიტორინგის
მექანიზმი
UK Шенгенський механізм оцінки і спостереження
HY
526
Շենգենյան գնահատման և մոնիտորինգի
մեխանիզմ
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
Schengen Information System (SIS)
BG Шенгенска информационна система
CS Schengenský informační systém
DE Schengener Informationssystem
EL Σύστημα Πληροφοριών Σένγκεν
EN Schengen Information System (SIS)
ES Sistema de Información de Schengen
ET Schengeni infosüsteem
FI Schengenin tietojärjestelmä
FR Système d’information Schengen (SIS)
GA Córas Faisnéise Schengen
HR Schengenski informacijski sustav (SIS)
HU Schengeni Információs Rendszer
IT Sistema di Informazione Schengen
LT Šengeno informacinė sistema
LV Šengenas informācijas sistēma
MT Sistema (Is-) ta’ Informazzjoni Schengen
NL Schengeninformatiesysteem
PL System Informacji Schengen
A joint information system that enables the relevant
authorities in each EU Member State, by means of
an automated search procedure, to have access
to alerts on persons and property for the purposes
of border checks and other police and customs
checks carried out within the country in accordance
with national law and, for some specific categories
of alerts (Art. 96 of the Schengen acquis), for the
purposes of issuing visas, residence permits and the
administration of legislation on aliens in the context
of the application of the provisions of the Schengen
Convention relating to the movement of persons.
I
L
M
Related term(s)
6.1.1 Border control| 6.1.3 Schengen governance
SV Schengens informationssystem
Euro Voc Classification
Շենգենյան տեղեկատվական համակարգ
H
K
second-generation Schengen Information System
SIS
SIS II
SL Schengenski informacijski sistem
HY
G
Synonym(s)
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
UK Шенгенська інформаційна система (SIS)
F
J
Derived by EMN from the Schengen acquis
SK Schengenský informačný systém (SIS)
KA შენგენის საინფორმაციო სისტემა (SIS)
E
Source(s)
RO Sistemul de Informaţii Schengen
NO Schengen informasjonssystem
D
Definition(s)
Schengen Agreement
Schengen Convention
Schengen Borders Code
PT Sistema de Informação de Schengen
C
N
O
P
1011 European Union law| 2811 migration
Q
Note(s)
R
The second-generation Schengen Information System (SIS II) was
launched in April 2013 with enhanced functionalities, such as the
possibility to use biometrics, new types of alerts, the possibility to link
different alerts (such as an alert on a person and a vehicle) and a facility
for direct queries on the system. SIS II also contains copies of European
arrest warrants (EAW), which are recognised as having the same legal
value as the originals, making it easier and quicker for the competent
authorities to ensure the necessary follow-up. For more information, see
the DG Migration and Home Affairs e-Library Glossary
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
527
school pupil
BG ученик
CS žák
DE Schüler
EL μαθητής σχολείου
EN school pupil
ES escolar
ET kooliõpilane
FI oppilas
FR élève
GA dalta scoile
Definition(s)
In the context of migration, a third-country
national who is admitted to the territory of an EU
Member tate to follow a recognised, state or regional
programme of secondary education equivalent to level
2 or 3 of the International Standard Classification of
Education, in the context of a pupil exchange scheme
or educational project operated by an education
establishment in accordance with national law or
administrative practice.
Source(s)
HR učenik
Art. 3(4) of Directive (EU) 2016/801 (Recast Students
Directive)
HU iskolai tanuló
Related term(s)
LT mokinys
researcher
student
LV skolēns
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
IT alunno
MT Tifel (Tifla) tal-iskola
NL scholier / leerling
PL uczeń
PT aluno
3.3 Migration for Study and Research
Euro Voc Classification
1011 European Union law| 2811 migration| 3206
education
RO elev
SK žiak
SL učenec / šolar
SV elev
NO skoleelev (b) / skuleelev (n)
KA სკოლის მოსწავლე
UK школяр
HY
528
աշակերտ
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
search and rescue (SAR) operation
BG операция за търсене и спасяване
C
D
Definition(s)
CS pátrací a záchranná operace
DE Such- und Rettungseinsatz
EL επιχείρηση έρευνας και διάσωσης (SAR)
EN search and rescue (SAR) operation
ES Operación de búsqueda y captura
ET otsingu- ja päästeoperatsioon
FI meripelastusoperaatio
FR opération de recherche et de sauvetage
GA Oibríocht cuardaigh agus tarrthála
HR operacija traganja i spašavanja osoba u pogibeli na
moru
In the global context, operation to render assistance to
persons in distress at sea regardless of the nationality
or status of such a person or the circumstances in which
that person is found in accordance with the applicable
Maritime Law and Conventions.
In the EU context, operation of EU Member States to
render assistance to any vessel or person in distress
at sea regardless of the nationality or status of such
a person or the circumstances in which that person is
found in accordance with international law and respect
for fundamental rights.
E
Source(s)
J
MT Operazzjoni ta’ Tiftix u Salvataġġ
Global context: Voluntary Code of Conduct for Search
and Rescue Operations undertaken by civil society NonGovernmental Organisations in the Mediterranean Sea,
2017
EU-context: Art. 9 of Regulation (EU) No 656/2014
(Regulation on rules for the surveillance of the external
sea borders
NL opsporings- en reddingsoperatie
Synonym(s)
HU kutatási és mentési művelet
IT operazione di ricerca e soccorso
LT paieškos ir gelbėjimo operacija
LV meklēšanas un glābšanas operācija
SAR operation
PL Operacja poszukiwawczo-ratownicza
RO operațiune de căutare și de salvare
SK pátracia a záchranná operácia / pátracia a záchranná
činnosť
SL operacija iskanja in reševanja
SV sök- och räddningsinsats
UK пошуково-рятувальна операція (SAR)
HY
որոնման և փրկարար գործողություն
H
I
K
L
M
4. International Protection and other Types of Protection|
6.2.1 Access to the international protection procedure
O
Euro Voc Classification
P
1011 European Union law| 1231 international law|
2811 migration| 7606 United Nations| 7621 World
Organisations
Q
NO Lete og redningsoperasjon
KA საძიებო-სამაშველო (SAR) ოპერაცია
G
N
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
PT operação de busca e salvamento
F
R
Note(s)
1. SAR services inside the Convention are defined as: “The performance of
distress monitoring, communication, co-ordination and search and rescue
functions, including provision of medical advice, initial medical assistance,
or medical evacuation, through the use of public and private resources
including co-operating aircraft, vessels and other crafts and installations”.
2. Civil society-led Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) engaged in
SAR operations have published voluntary minimum standards intended to
ensure that their actions are conducted in support of the fundamental
right to life with dignity, the right to receive humanitarian assistance in
protection of life and the right to personal protection and security for all
persons in distress at sea based on legal requirements of established
international maritime law;
enhance joint co-ordination and co-operation of SAR operations in the
Mediterranean region with as many stakeholders as possible, including
established Rescue Coordination Centres, European institutions,
Agencies, shipping and fishing associations and military forces (for
further information see: Voluntary Code of Conduct for Search and
Rescue operations undertaken by civil society NGOs in the Mediterranean Sea, First Edition, February 2017).
3. For further information on relevant legal provisions and on practical
procedures to ensure the prompt disembarkation of survivors of rescue
operations see International Maritime Organisation (IMO) and United
Nations High Commissoner for Refugees: Rescue at sea: a guide to
principles and practice as applied to migrants and refugees.
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
529
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
seasonal worker
BG сезонен работник
CS sezónní pracovník
DE Saisonarbeiter / Saisonarbeitnehmer
EL εποχικά εργαζόμενος
EN seasonal worker
ES trabajador de temporada extranjero
ET hooajaline (võõr)töötaja
FI kausityöntekijä
FR travailleur saisonnier
GA oibrí séasúrach
HR sezonski radnik
HU idénymunkás
IT lavoratore stagionale
LT sezoninis darbuotojas
Definition(s)
A third-country national who retains their principal
place of residence in a third country and stays legally
and temporarily in the territory of an EU Member State
to carry out an activity dependent on the passing of the
seasons, under one or more fixed-term work contracts
concluded directly between that third-country national
and the employer established in that EU Member State.
Source(s)
Art. 3 of Directive 2014/36/EU (Seasonal Workers’
Directive)
Synonym(s)
seasonal migrant
seasonal worker migrant
Related term(s)
LV sezonas darbinieks
circular migration
contract migrant worker
MT Ħaddiem staġjonali / tal-istaġun
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
NL buitenlandse seizoensarbeider
PL pracownik sezonowy
PT trabalhador migrante sazonal
RO lucrător sezonier / muncitor sezonier
SK sezónny zamestnanec / sezónny pracovník
SL sezonski delavec
SV säsongsarbetare
NO sesongarbeider (b); sesongarbeidar (n)
3.1 Migration for Economic Purposes
Euro Voc Classification
1011 European Union law| 2811 migration| 4406
employment
Note(s)
This term is specifically referring to a third-country national, although it
is known that other types of seasonal workers exist, e.g. for nationals
within the same country, as well as intra-EU seasonal workers.
KA სეზონური მუშაკი
UK сезонний працівник
HY
530
սեզոնային աշխատող
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
secondary movement of migrants
BG вторично движение на мигранти
C
D
Definition(s)
CS druhotný pohyb migrantů
E
The movement of migrants,
including refugees and asylum seekers, who
for different reasons move from the country in
which they first arrived to seek protection or
permanent resettlement elsewhere.
DE Sekundärmigration
EL δευτερογενής μετακίνηση μεταναστών
EN secondary movement of migrants
ES movimientos migratorios secundarios
F
G
Source(s)
ET sisserändajate teisene (riikidevaheline) liikumine
FI maahanmuuttajien toissijainen siirtyminen
Derived by EMN from UNHCR Executive Committee
(ExCom): Conclusion No 58 (1989)
FR mouvement secondaire de migrants
Synonym(s)
H
irregular secondary movement of migrants
secondary migrant
secondary movement of asylum seekers and refugees
GA athghluaiseacht imirceach
HR sekundarno kretanje migranata
HU másodlagos migrációs mozgás
I
J
IT movimento secondario di migranti
Broader term(s)
LT antrinis migrantų judėjimas (EU acquis); migrantų
pakartotinis judėjimas
K
Narrower term(s)
LV migrantu tālāka pārvietošanās
asylum shopping
L
MT Moviment sekondarju ta’ migranti
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
M
irregular migration
NL secundaire migratiestroom
PL wtórny przepływ migrantów/wtórne przemieszczanie
się migrantów
PT movimento secundário de migrantes
RO mişcare secundară a migranţilor
SK sekundárny pohyb migrantov
SL sekundarno gibanje migrantov
SV sekundär migration
NO sekundærmigrasjon
KA მიგრანტების განმეორებითი გადაადგილება
UK вторинне переміщення мігрантів
HY
միգրանտների երկրորդային տեղաշարժ
4.1 International protection| 13. Irregular Migration| 14.
Factors and Impacts of Migration
Euro Voc Classification
N
2811 migration
O
Note(s)
P
1.This movement is without the prior consent of the national authorities, it
can be with (legal entry but then stay beyond the allowed duration) or
without an entry visa; it can be with or with no or insufficient documentation normally required for travel purposes, or with false or fraudulent
documentation.
2. In the European Union, the Dublin III Regulation (Regulation (EU) No
604/2013) aims at avoiding secondary movement of applicants for
international protection between different EU/EFTA Member States. Art.
3(1) of the Regulation establishes that an application for international
protection should be examined by a single EU Member State, to be determined under the responsibility criteria as set out in Chapter III of the same
Regulation.
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
531
second-generation migrant
BG второ поколение мигрант
CS migrant druhé generace
DE Migrant der zweiten Generation
EL μετανάστης δεύτερης γενιάς
EN second-generation migrant
ES migrante de segunda generación
ET teise põlvkonna sisserändaja
FI toisen polven maahanmuuttaja
FR migrant de la deuxième génération
GA imirceach den dara glúin
HR migrant druge generacije
HU második generációs migráns
IT migrante di seconda generazione
LT antros kartos migrantas
Definition(s)
A person who was born in and is residing in a country
that at least one of their parents previously entered as
a migrant.
Source(s)
Developed by EMN
Synonym(s)
second-generation immigrant
Broader term(s)
person with a migratory background
Related term(s)
first-generation migrant
third-generation migrant
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
LV otrās paaudzes migrants
1. Framework Concepts on Migration (including root
causes of migration| 7.3 Families
MT migrant tat-tieni ġenerazzjoni
Euro Voc Classification
NL tweede generatie allochtoon / tweede generatie
migrant
PL migrant drugiego pokolenia
PT migrante de segunda geração
RO migrant a doua generaţie
SK migrant druhej generácie
SL migrant druge generacije
SV andra generationens invandrare
NO person med to innvandrerforeldre (b); person med to
innvandrarforeldre (n)
KA მეორე თაობის მიგრანტი
UK мігрант у другому поколінні
HY
532
2811 migration
Note(s)
1. This term is not defined in legislation but has a more sociological
context; a broad defintion encompassing the concept of a ‘second-generation migrant’ has been used.
Strictly this term does not relate to a migrant, since the person concerned
has not undertaken a migration, but the term is included as it is commonly
used in publications and the media.
2. According to the Recommendations for the 2010 Censuses of
Population and Housing, the group referred to as ‘second-generation’ is
generally restricted to those persons whose parents were born abroad,
whereas those persons having one parent born in the country and the
other one born abroad represent a special case (they form the group of
persons with a mixed background). As explained in 1. above, a broader
definition was considered more appropriate for the work of the EMN.
երկրորդ սերնդի միգրանտ
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
segregation
BG сегрегация
CS segregace
DE Segregation
EL διαχωρισμός
EN segregation
ES segregación
C
D
Definition(s)
The act by which a (natural or legal) person separates
other persons on the basis of race, colour, language,
religion, nationality or national or ethnic origin without an
objective and reasonable justification.
E
Source(s)
G
FI segregaatio
European Commission against Racism and Intolerance
(ECRI): General Policy Recommendation No 7: National
legislation to combat racism and racial discrimination
FR ségrégation
Broader term(s)
ET segregatsioon
HR segregacija
discrimination
racial discrimination
HU szegregáció
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
GA deighilt
J
LV segregācija
MT segregazzjoni
Euro Voc Classification
LT segregacija
NL segregatie
PL segregacja
K
L
M
1236 rights and freedoms| 7611 European
Organisations
N
PT segregação
RO segregare
O
SK segregácia
SL segregacija
P
SV segregation
NO segregering
Q
KA სეგრეგაცია
R
UK сегрегація
HY
H
I
1. Framework Concepts on Migration (including root
causes of migration| 9. Integration| 14.3 Social factors
and impacts (such as changes in demographics, age,
education level, diversity)
IT segregazione
F
բաժանում
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
533
self-employed person
BG самонаето лице
CS osoba samostatně výdělečně činná (OSVČ)
DE Selbstständiger
EL αυτοαπασχολούμενος
EN self-employed person
ES trabajador por cuanta propia
ET füüsilisest isikust ettevõtja
FI itsenäinen ammatinharjoittaja
FR travailleur indépendant
Definition(s)
A person who is the sole or joint owner of the
unincorporated enterprise (one that has not been
incorporated, i.e. formed into a legal corporation)
in which they work, unless they are also in paid
employment which is their main activity.
Source(s)
Eurostat’s Concepts and Definitions Database
Related term(s)
GA duine féinfhostaithe
employee
employer
HR samozaposlena osoba
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
HU önálló vállalkozó
IT lavoratore autonomo
LT savarankiškai dirbantis asmuo
LV pašnodarbināta persona
MT persuna taħdem għal rasha / persuna b’impjieg
indipendenti
NL zelfstandige
PL osoba samozatrudniona
PT trabalhador por conta própria
RO lucrător independent
3.1 Migration for Economic Purposes
Euro Voc Classification
4406 employment
Note(s)
1. In the last case, they are considered to be employees.
2. According to ILO’s ICSE-93, self-employment jobs are those jobs where
the remuneration is directly dependent upon the profits (or the potential
for profits) derived from the goods and services produced (where own
consumption is considered to be part of the profits). The incumbents make
the operational decisions affecting the enterprise, or delegate such
decisions while retaining responsibility for the welfare of the enterprise. (In
this context, ‘enterprise’ includes one-person operations.)
SK samostatne zárobkovo činná osoba (SZČO)
SL samozaposlena oseba
SV egenföretagare
NO selvstendig sysselsatt (b); sjølvstendig sysselsett (n)
KA თვითდასაქმებული
UK самозайнята особа
HY
534
ինքնազբաղ աշխատող
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
separated child
BG отделено дете
CS odloučené dítě
DE alleinstehendes Kind
EL παιδί χωρισμένο από την οικογένειά του
EN separated child
ES menor separado
C
D
Definition(s)
A child under 18 years of age who is outside
their country of origin and separated from both
parents or their previous legal / customary primary
caregiver.
E
Source(s)
G
F
FR enfant séparé
Art. 8 of UN Committee on the Rights of the Child,
General Comment No 6 (2005) and
Fundamental Rights Agency (FRA): Study on separated,
asylum seeking children in EU Member States, 2010
GA páiste dealaithe
Broader term(s)
ET vanematest eraldatud laps
FI huoltajasta erilleen joutunut lapsi
HR dijete odvojeno od roditelja
child
HU elszakított gyermek
Narrower term(s)
IT minore separato
LT atskirtas nuo tėvų vaikas
LV bez vecāku vai aizbildņu gādības palicis bērns / no
vecākiem nošķirts bērns
MT tifel mifrud
NL alleenstaand kind
PL dziecko odseparowane
PT criança separada
RO copil separat
SK odlúčené dieťa
I
J
unaccompanied minor
K
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
4.1 International protection| 7.2 Minors and
unaccompanied minors
L
Euro Voc Classification
M
2811 migration| 7606 United Nations
N
Note(s)
A child may be totally alone while another may be living with
extended family members. All such children are separated children and
entitled to international protection under a broad range of international
and regional instruments.
SL otrok, ločen od staršev ali skrbnikov
SV separerat barn
O
P
Q
NO enslig barn (b); einsleg barn (n)
KA განცალკევებული ბავშვი
R
UK дитина, розлучена із сім’єю
HY
H
S
ընտանիքից բաժանված երեխա
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
535
serious harm
BG тежки посегателства
CS vážná újma
DE ernsthafter Schaden
EL σοβαρή βλάβη
EN serious harm
ES daños graves
ET tõsine oht / kahju
FI vakava haitta
FR atteinte grave
Definition(s)
Harm consisting of
(a) the death penalty or execution; or
(b) torture or inhuman or degrading treatment or
punishment of an applicant in the country of origin; or
(c) serious and individual threat to a civilian’s life
or person by reason of indiscriminate violence in
situations of international or internal armed conflict.
Source(s)
GA díobháil thromchúiseach
Art. 15 of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification
Directive)
HR ozbiljna nepravda
Narrower term(s)
HU súlyos sérelem
real risk of suffering serious harm
IT danno grave
Related term(s)
LT didelė žala
LV smags kaitējums
MT Dannu(-i) serju(-i)
NL ernstige schade
PL poważna krzywda
PT ofensas graves
RO vătămare gravă
SK vážne bezprávie
degrading treatment or punishment
inhuman treatment or punishment
persecution
torture
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
4.1.2 Subsidiary protection
Euro Voc Classification
1011 European Union law| 2811 migration
SL resna škoda
SV allvarlig skada
NO alvorlig skade (b); alvorleg skade (n)
KA სერიოზული ზიანი
UK серйозна шкода
HY
536
լուրջ վնաս
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
sex
BG пол
CS pohlaví
C
D
Definition(s)
DE biologisches Geschlecht
The biological characteristics of a person, predominantly
female or male.
E
EL φύλο
Source(s)
F
EN sex
ES sexo
ET sugu
FI sukupuoli (biologinen)
FR sexe
GA gnéas
HR spol
Derived by EMN from the Gender Equality Glossary of
the UN Women Website
European Institute for Gender Equality’s (EIGE) Gender
Equality Glossary & Thesaurus
Related term(s)
gender
G
H
I
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
HU (biológiai) nem
1. Framework Concepts on Migration (including root
causes of migration
J
IT sesso
Euro Voc Classification
K
LT lytis
2816 demography and population
L
LV dzimums
MT Sess
M
NL sekse / geslacht
PL płeć
N
PT sexo
RO sex
O
SK pohlavie
SL spol
P
SV kön
NO kjønn
Q
KA სქესი
R
UK стать
HY
սեռ
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
537
sexual orientation
BG сексуална ориентация
CS sexuální orientace
DE sexuelle Orientierung
EL σεξουαλικός προσανατολισμός
EN sexual orientation
ES
Definition(s)
Each person’s profound emotional, affectional and sexual
attraction to, and intimate and/or sexual relations with,
individuals of a different gender or the same gender or
more than one gender.
Source(s)
FI seksuaalinen suuntautuminen
Yogyakarta principles on the application of international
human rights law in relation to sexual orientation and
gender identity, March 2006.
FR orientation sexuelle
Related term(s)
ET seksuaalne sättumus
GA gnéaschlaonadh
gender identity
HR seksualna orijentacija
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
HU szexuális irányultság
IT orientamento sessuale
LT seksualinė orientacija
LV seksuālā orientācija
MT Orjentament sesswali
NL seksuele gerichtheid / seksuele oriëntatie
PL orientacja seksualna
PT orientação sexual
RO
SK sexuálna orientácia
SL spolna usmerjenost
SV sexuell läggning
NO seksuell orientering/legning
KA სექსუალური ორიენტაცია
UK сексуальна орієнтація
HY
538
սեռական կողմնորոշում
1. Framework Concepts on Migration (including root
causes of migration| 7. Vulnerable Groups
Euro Voc Classification
1236 rights and freedoms
Note(s)
1. The Yogyakarta Principles, adopted in 2006, are a set of principles on
the application of international human rights law in relation to sexual
orientation and gender identity. Principle 23 includes the right to
asylum.
2. In 2017 a set of new principles on in-ternational human rights law
relating to sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression and sex
characteristics (SOGIESC) were added, among others the right to state
protection: “Everyone, regardless of sexual orientation, gender identity,
gender expression or sex charac-teristics, has the right to State protection
from violence, discrimination and other harm, whether by government
officials or by any individual or group”. For more in-formation see: The
Yogyakarta Principles plus 10 (YP+10), 2017.
3. Sexual orientation can be a ground for protection under the Geneva
Refugee Convention and Protocol and under EU international
protection legislation.
4. Art. 10 of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive) explicitly includes sexual orientation and gender identity among the possible
reasons for persecution, both should be given due consideration when
determining whether a person belongs to a particular social group under
persecution.
5. According to Art. 18(3) of Directive 2031/33/EU (Recast Reception
Conditions Directive) EU Member States must take into consideration
gender concerns and the specific needs of vulnerable persons such as
LGBTI people within the premises and accommodation centres.
Additionally, they are required to take appropriate measures to prevent
assault and gender-specific violence, including sexual assault and
harassment into considerations in reception.
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
short-stay visa
BG виза за краткосрочно пребиваване
CS krátkodobé vízum
DE Visum für den kurzfristigen Aufenthalt
EL θεώρηση βραχείας διαμονής
EN short-stay visa
ES visado para estancia de corta duración
ET lühiajaline viisa
FI lyhytaikainen viisumi
FR visa de court séjour
GA víosa gearrchuairte
HR kratkotrajna viza
HU rövid távú tartózkodásra jogosító vízum
IT visto per soggiorno di breve durata
LT trumpalaikė viza
LV īstermiņa vīza
MT Viża ghal żjara / waqfa qasira // għal ftit taż-żmien
NL visum voor kort verblijf
PL wiza krótkoterminowa
PT visto de curta duração
RO viză de scurtă şedere
SK krátkodobé vízum
C
D
Definition(s)
The authorisation or decision of an EU Member State
with a view to transit through or an intended stay on
the territory of one or more or all the EU Member States
of a duration of no more than 90 days in any 180-day
period.
Source(s)
Art. 2(2) of Regulation (EU) No 610/2013 (Visa Code
Regulation) and
Art. 2(m) of Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 (Dublin III
Regulation)
F
G
H
I
Synonym(s)
J
short-term visa
transit visa
K
Broader term(s)
visa
L
Related term(s)
airport transit visa
long-stay visa
M
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
6.1.2 Visa policy| 6.1.3 Schengen governance
N
Euro Voc Classification
O
1011 European Union law| 2811 migration
SL vizum za kratkoročno prebivanje
P
SV visering för kortare vistelse
NO besøksvisum
Q
KA მოკლევადიანი ვიზა
R
UK короткострокова віза
HY
E
կարճատև կացության վիզա
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
539
short-term migrant
BG краткосрочен мигрант
CS krátkodobý migrant
DE kurzfristig aufhältiger Migrant / kurzzeitig aufhältiger
Migrant / Kurzzeit-Migrant
EL μετανάστης βραχείας διαμονής
EN short-term migrant
ES persona migrante de carácter temporal
ET lühiajaliselt riigis viibiv sisserändaja
Definition(s)
A person who moves to a country other than that of
their usual residence for a period of at least three
months but less than a year (12 months) except in cases
where the movement to that country is for purposes of
recreation, holiday, visits to friends or relatives, business,
medical treatment or religious pilgrimage.
Source(s)
FR migrant de courte durée
Derived by EMN from the UN Recommendations on
Statistics of International Migration and
OECD Glossary of Statistical Terms
GA imirceach gearrthréimhseach
Broader term(s)
FI tilapäiseksi ajaksi muuttava henkilö
HR stranac na kratkotrajnom boravku
migrant
HU rövid távú tartózkodási céllal érkező migráns
Related term(s)
IT migrante di breve periodo
LT trumpalaikis migrantas
LV īstermiņa migrants
MT Migrant(a) għal żmien qasir / għal ftit żmien
NL kortverblijvende migrant / kortdurig migrant
PL migrant krótkookresowy
PT migrante de curta duração
RO migrant pe termen scurt
SK krátkodobý migrant
SL migrant za krajše obdobje
SV korttidsmigrant
emigrant
immigrant
long-term migrant
temporary migration
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
3. Legal Migration
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration
Note(s)
For purposes of international migration statistics, the country of usual
residence of short-term migrants is considered to be the country of
destination during the period they spend in it.
NO migrant med kortvarig opphold (b); migrant med
kortvarig opphald (n)
KA მოკლევადიანი მიგრანტი
UK короткостроковий мігрант
HY
540
կարճաժամկետ միգրանտ
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
short-term migration
BG краткосрочна миграция
CS krátkodobá migrace
DE kurzfristige Migration / kurzzeitige Migration /
Kurzzeit-Migration
EL βραχυπρόθεσμη μετανάστευση
EN short-term migration
ES migración de corta duración
ET lühiajaline sisseränne
Movement of individuals who change their country
of usual residence for a period of at least three
months but less than a year (12 months) except in cases
where the movement to that country is for purposes of
recreation, holiday, visits to friends or relatives, business,
medical treatment or religious pilgrimage.
Source(s)
FR migration de courte durée
GA imirce ghearrthréimhseach
Broader term(s)
HR kratkotrajne migracije
migration
HU rövid távú tartózkodási célú migráció
Related term(s)
IT migrazione di breve periodo
LT trumpalaikė migracija
LV īstermiņa migrācija
MT Migrazzjoni ghal perjodu qasir
NL kortetermijnmigratie
PL migracja krótkookresowa
PT migração de curta duração
RO migraţie pe termen scurt
D
Definition(s)
Derived by EMN from the UN Recommendations on
Statistics of International Migration and
OECD Glossary of Statistical Terms
FI lyhytaikainen maahanmuutto
C
F
G
H
I
J
K
emigration
immigration
long-term migration
temporary migration
L
M
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
3. Legal Migration
N
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration
O
SK krátkodobá migrácia
P
SL migracije za krajše obdobje
SV korttidsmigration
Q
NO korttidsmigrasjon
KA მოკლევადიანი მიგრაცია
R
UK короткострокова міграція
HY
E
S
կարճաժամկետ միգրացիա
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
541
short-term mobility
BG краткосрочна мобилност
CS krátkodobá mobilita
Definition(s)
ES movilidad de corta duración
In the context of Directive 2016/801/EU (Recast
Researcher’s Directive), the right of a third-country
national authorised to stay in the European Union for
the purposes of research or studies to stay in one or
several second EU Member States for a period of up to
180 days within a 360-day period in order to carry out
part of their research in any research organisation.
ET lühiajaline liikuvus
Source(s)
DE kurzfristige Mobilität / kurzzeitige Mobilität
EL βραχυπρόθεσμη κινητικότητα (EL); βραχεία
κινητικότητα (CY)
EN short-term mobility
FI lyhytaikainen liikkuvuus
FR mobilité de courte durée
GA soghluaisteacht ghearrthéarmach
HR kratkoročna mobilnost
HU rövid távú mobilitás
IT Mobilità di breve durata
LT trumpalaikis judumas
LV īstermiņa mobilitāte
Derived by EMN from Art. 28 of Directive 2016/801/EU
(Recast Researchers’ Directive)
Related term(s)
long-term mobility
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
3.3 Migration for Study and Research
Euro Voc Classification
1011 European Union law| 2811 migration
MT Mobbiltà għal / perjodu / żmien qasir
NL kortetermijnmobiliteit
PL krótkoterminowa mobilność
PT mobilidade de curto prazo
RO
SK krátkodobá mobilita
SL kratkoročna mobilnost
SV rörlighet för kortare vistelse
NO kortsiktig flytting
KA მოკლევადიანი მობილობა
UK короткострокова мобільність
HY
542
կարճաժամկետ շարժունակություն
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
single application procedure
BG единна процедура за кандидатстване
CS jednotný postup vyřizování žádostí
DE einheitliches Antragsverfahren
EL ενιαία διαδικασία υποβολής αίτησης
EN single application procedure
ES procedimiento único de solicitud
ET ühtne taotlemismenetlus
C
D
Definition(s)
A procedure leading, on the basis of a single application
made by a third-country national, or by their employer,
for the authorisation of residence and work in the
territory of a Member State, to a decision ruling on that
application for the single permit.
Source(s)
FI yhden hakemuksen menettely
Art. 2(d) of Directive 2011/98/EU (Single Permit
Directive)
FR procédure de demande unique
Related term(s)
E
F
G
H
I
GA nós imeachta aoniarratais
single permit
HR jedinstveni postupak obrade zahtjeva za izdavanje
jedinstvene dozvole za boravak i rad
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
J
HU összevont kérelmezési eljárás
Euro Voc Classification
K
IT procedura unica di domanda
3. Legal Migration| 6. Migration Procedures
1011 European Union law| 2811 migration
LT viena prašymų pateikimo procedūra
L
LV vienota pieteikšanās procedūra
MT Proċedura ta’ applikazzjoni / talba waħda għal kull
persuna
M
NL één enkele aanvraagprocedure
N
PL procedura jednolitego wniosku
O
PT procedimento de pedido único
RO Procedură unică
P
SK jednotný postup vybavovania žiadostí
SL enotni postopek za obravnavanje prošnje
SV ett enda ansökningsförfarande
Q
NO samlet prosedyre om opphold og arbeid (b); samla
prosedyre om opphald og arbeid (n)
R
KA ერთიანი განცხადების შეტანის პროცედურა
S
UK єдина процедура застосування
HY
միասնական դիմումի գործընթաց
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
543
single permit
BG единно разрешение
CS jednotné povolení
DE kombinierte Erlaubnis
EL ενιαία άδεια
EN single permit
ES permiso único
Definition(s)
A residence permit issued by the authorities of
an EU Member State after a single application
procedure allowing a third-country national to reside
legally in its territory for the purpose of work.
Source(s)
ET ühtne luba
Derived by EMN from Art. 2(d) of Directive 2011/98/EU
(Single Permit Directive)
FI yhdistelmälupa
Broader term(s)
FR permis unique
GA ceadúnas aoniarratais
HR jedinstvena dozvola za boravak i rad
HU összevont engedély
IT permesso unico
LT vienas leidimas
LV vienota atļauja
MT Permess għal persuna waħda
NL gecombineerde vergunning
PL jednolite zezwolenie
PT autorização única
residence permit
Related term(s)
single application procedure
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
3. Legal Migration
Euro Voc Classification
1011 European Union law| 2811 migration
Note(s)
A single permit is a combined title encompassing both residence and work
permits within a single administrative act based on a common set of
rights for third-country workers legally residing in an EU Member State.
RO permis unic
SK jednotné povolenie na pobyt a zamestnanie
SL enotno dovoljenje
SV kombinerat tillstånd
NO samlet tillatelse (b); samla løyve (n)
KA ერთიანი ნებართვა
UK єдиний дозвіл
HY
544
մեկանգամյա թույլտվություն
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
Sirene Bureau
BG Бюрото SIRENE
CS Centrála SIRENE
DE Sirene-Büro
EL Γραφείο SIRENE
EN Sirene Bureau
ES Servicio Nacional Sirene
C
An administrative structure built to deal with
the exchange of information supplementary to
the Schengen Information System (SIS) alerts among
countries participating in the SIS.
E
Source(s)
G
ET SIRENE büroo
Derived by EMN from section 1.1 of the Commission
Implementing Decision (EU) 2015/219
FI SIRENE-toimisto
Synonym(s)
FR Bureau SIRENE
HR Ured SIRENE
SIRENE
Supplementary Information Request at the National
Entries Bureau
HU SIRENE Iroda
Broader term(s)
GA Biúró Sirene
IT Uffici SIRENE
LT SIRENE biuras
LV SIRENE birojs
MT Uffiċċju Sirene
NL Sirene-bureau
PL Biuro SIRENE
PT Gabinete SIRENE
RO Biroul SIRENE
SK Útvar SIRENE (EU acquis) / Ústredňa SIRENE
D
Definition(s)
H
I
J
Schengen Information System (SIS)
K
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
6.1.3 Schengen governance
L
Euro Voc Classification
1011 European Union law| 2811 migration
M
Note(s)
N
Each state operating the SIS has set up a national SIRENE (Supplementary Information Request at the National Entries) Bureau, operational 24/7,
that is responsible for any supplementary information exchange and
coordination of activities connected to SIS alerts.
SL Urad SIRENE
O
P
SV Sirenekontor
NO Sirenekontoret
Q
KA საირინის (Sirene) ბიურო
R
UK Бюро Sirene
HY
F
SIRENE Բաժանմունք
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
545
Smart Borders Package
BG Пакет интелигентни граници
CS Soubor opatření týkající se inteligentních hranic
Definition(s)
FR paquet de mesures frontières intelligentes
Set of measures consisting of the Entry/Exit System
(EES), the European Travel Information and
Authorisation System (ETIAS) and modifications
to the Schengen Borders Code aimed at improving
the management of the external EU borders by
facilitating border crossings for pre-vetted frequent
non-EU travellers, while at the same time fighting
against irregular migration and improving internal
security by stronger identification of persons at external
EU/Schengen borders and detection of overstayers in
the EU›s territory.
GA an Pacáiste Teorainneacha Cliste
Source(s)
DE Maßnahmenpaket Intelligente Grenzen / Paket
Intelligente Grenzen
EL Δέσμη Μέτρων “Ευφυή Σύνορα”
EN Smart Borders Package
ES paquete de fronteras inteligentes
ET arukate piiride pakett
FI Älykkäät rajat-paketti
LT Pažangaus sienų valdymo dokumentų rinkinys
Derived by EMN from European Commission
Communication on Stronger and Smarter Information
Systems for Borders and Security, COM(2016) 205 final
Derived by EMN from the Website of DG Migration and
Home Affairs on Smart Borders
LV viedrobežu tiesību aktu kopums
Synonym(s)
HR Paket o pametnim granicama
HU Intelligens Határok Csomag
IT pacchetto Frontiere intelligenti
MT Pakkett ta’ Miżuri Tajbin għal Fruntieri / Konfini Smart
NL Slimme Grenzen pakket
PL Pakiet Inteligentne granice
PT Pacote Fronteiras Inteligentes
RO
SK balík predpisov o inteligentných hraniciach / balík
inteligentných hraníc
SL Paket o pametnih mejah
Smart Borders
Stronger and Smarter Information Systems for Borders
and Security
Narrower term(s)
Entry/Exit System (EES)
European Travel Information and Authorisation System
(ETIAS)
Related term(s)
UK Пакет «Інтелігентні кордони»
Eurodac
European Union Agency for Law Enforcement
Cooperation (Europol)
Schengen Information System (SIS)
Visa Information System (VIS)
HY
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
SV Smart gränsförvaltning / Smarta gränser
NO Pakke med tiltak for effektiv grensekontroll
KA პაკეტი „ჭკვიანი საზღვრები“
Smart Borders միջոցառումների փաթեթ /
սահմանների խելացի կառավարում
6.1.1 Border control
Euro Voc Classification
1011 European Union law| 2811 migration
Note(s)
1. The Smart Borders Package was proposed by the European Commission
in February 2013. On 6 April 2016, the European Commission adopted a
revised legislative proposal for Smart Borders, the regulations concerning
the Smart Borders Package were adopted in 2017, Regulation (EU)
2017/2226 (Regulation establishing an Entry/Exit System (EES) and Regulation (EU) 2017/2225 amending Regulation (EU) 2016/399 as regards
the use of the Entry/Exit System.
2. The information systems is managed by eu-LISA, the European Union
Agency for the Operational Management of Large-Scale IT Systems in the
Area of Freedom, Security and Justice.
3. For more information see the webpage of the European Commission on
Smart Borders.
546
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
smuggler
BG контрабандист (на мигранти)
CS převaděč
DE Schleuser
EL διακινητής
EN smuggler
ES
ET inimsmugeldaja
FI ihmissalakuljettaja
FR passeur; trafiquant (de migrants) (FR)
GA smuigléir daoine
HR krijumčar
HU csempész
IT trafficante
LT neteisėtai žmones gabenantis asmuo
LV kontrabandists
MT Kuntrabandist(a)
NL mensensmokkelaar
PL przemytnik
C
D
Definition(s)
In the migration context, person who procures, usually
for financial, material or other gain, with little or no
regard for migrants’ safety and wellbeing, the irregular
entry of a migrant into a country of which they are
neither nationals nor residents.
Source(s)
Derived by EMN from Art. 3 of UN Protocol against
the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air,
supplementing the UN Convention against Transnational
Organised Crime
Broader term(s)
Related term(s)
SL tihotapec
SV människosmugglare
NO menneskesmugler
KA (სახელმწიფო) საზღვარზე მიგრანტთა
უკანონოდ გადამყვანი
UK особа, що займається незаконним ввезенням
HY
մաքսանենգ ճանապարհով միգրանտներ
տեղափոխող անձ
G
H
I
K
smuggling of migrants
trafficking in human beings
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
L
Euro Voc Classification
M
13.1 Migrant smuggling
2811 migration
N
Note(s)
SK prevádzač
F
J
facilitator
PT contrabandista de pessoas
RO
E
1. Even though both terms are closely linked to each other and relate to
the phenomenon of irregular migration, there is a difference between a
smuggler and a facilitator.
2. Smuggler is the narrower concept and means a person who enables the
transport of a person (with their consent) to another country through
illegal means. A smuggler facilitates the irregular entry, in breach of
immigration law, either clandestinely or through deception or the use of
false documentation. This can result in a benefit for the smuggler. The
person smuggled will be complicit, often paying large amounts of money
to be transported, and once in the country they wish to enter will be left to
their own devices, (Source: IATE, entry for smuggler)
3. Facilitator is the broader concept, as they provide services beyond the
unauthorized entry of a migrant into a country. For more information see
the entry for facilitator in this glossary.
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
547
smuggling of migrants
BG контрабанда на мигранти
CS převaděčství migrantů
DE Schleusung von Migranten
EL παράνομη διακίνηση μεταναστών
EN smuggling of migrants
ES tráfico de inmigrantes
Definition(s)
The procurement, in order to obtain, directly or indirectly,
a financial or other material benefit, of the irregular
entry of a person into a (UN) Member State of which
the person is not a national or a permanent resident.
Source(s)
FI maahanmuuttajien salakuljetus
Art. 3 of UN Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants
by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the UN Convention
against Transnational Organised Crime
FR trafic de migrants
Synonym(s)
ET sisserändajate ebaseaduslik üle piiri toimetamine
GA smuigleáil imirceach
migrant smuggling
HR krijumčarenje migranata
Related term(s)
HU migránscsempészés
IT traffico di migranti
LT neteisėtas migrantų gabenimas
LV migrantu kontrabanda
MT Kuntrabandu ta’ migranti
NL mensensmokkel
PL przemyt migrantów
PT auxílio à imigração ilegal
RO contabandă cu migranţi
SK prevádzačstvo migrantov
SL tihotapljanje migrantov
facilitator
smuggler
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
13.1 Migrant smuggling
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration
Note(s)
1.The UN Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air,
supple-menting the UN Convention against Transnational Organised Crime
was adopted by the UN on 15 November 2020.
2. It was adopted by the European Union with Council Decision 2006/616/
EC, Art. 3 of the annex defines smuggling of migrants.
SV smuggling av migranter
NO smugling av migranter (b); smugling av migrantar (n)
KA (სახელმწიფო) საზღვარზე მიგრანტთა
უკანონოდ გადაყვანა
UK незаконне ввезення мігрантів
HY
548
միգրանտների մաքսանենգ ճանապարհով
տեղափոխում
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
social cohesion
BG социално сближаване
CS sociální koheze
DE sozialer Zusammenhalt
EL κοινωνική συνοχή
EN social cohesion
ES cohesión social
ET sotsiaalne sidusus
FI sosiaalinen yhteenkuuluvuus
FR cohésion sociale
GA comhtháthú sóisialta
C
Capacity of a society or community based on a common
vision and a sense of belonging where peoples’ diverse
backgrounds (including migratory) and circumstances are
mutually appreciated and positively valued.
E
Source(s)
G
Related term(s)
H
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
I
Derived by EMN from IOM Glossary on Migration, 2019.
integration
HR socijalna kohezija
14.3 Social factors and impacts (such as changes in
demographics, age, education level, diversity)
HU társadalmi kohézió
Euro Voc Classification
IT coesione sociale
D
Definition(s)
J
28 Social Questions
K
Note(s)
L
LT socialinė sanglauda
LV sociālā kohēzija
MT
NL sociale cohesie
PL spójność społeczna
PT Coesão social
RO coeziune socială
SK sociálna súdržnosť / sociálna kohézia
SL socialna kohezija
SV social sammanhållning
NO sosialt samhold(b); sosialt samhald(n)
KA სოციალური შეკავშირებულობა
UK соціальна згуртованість
HY
սոցիալական համախմբվածություն
F
1. There is no universally accepted definition of social cohesion, existing
definitions refer to a sense of belonging to a community with solidarity
and tolerance among its members. Social cohesion aims to provide similar
life opportunities and to foster inclusive relationships with mutual
recognition among and within different groups.
2. Social cohesion is often used in relation to the impact of immigration on
societies, but it is seldom defined in this context. In addition, terminology
related to integration, social inclusion and social cohesion varies. Social
cohesion is understood as the more neutral and universal term to be used
in the global context, for more information see: IOM: Integration and social
cohesion: key elements for reaping the benefits of migration.
3. Objective 16 of the Global Compact on Migration aims to increase the
empowerment of migrants and societies to realize full inclusion and social
cohesion. This include policies empowering migrants to become active
members of society and promoting the reciprocal engagement of
receiving communities and migrants in the exercise of their rights and
obligations towards each other, including observance of national laws and
respect for customs of the country of destination. It also encompasses
policies which aim to strengthen the welfare of all members of societies
by minimizing disparities, avoiding polarization and increasing public
confidence in policies and institutions related to migration, in line with the
acknowledgment that fully integrated migrants are better positioned to
contribute to prosperity. For more information see: Global compact for
safe, orderly and regular migration, intergovernmentally negotiated and
agreed outcome, 13 July 2018.
4. Social cohesion encompasses the capacity of a society to integrate
migrants without discrimination. The principle of equal treatment and
non-discrimination and the notion that diversity should be considered as
an asset have repercussions on migrants’ individual and collective sense
of inclusion, and thus are starting points for integration. For more
information see: Council of Europe: A new strategy for Social Cohesion,
Chapter III : Migration and social cohesion, 2004.
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
549
social dumping
BG социален дъмпинг
CS sociální dumping
DE Sozialdumping
EL κοινωνικό ντάμπινγκ
EN social dumping
ES dumping social
ET sotsiaalne dumping
FI sosiaalinen polkumyynti
FR dumping social
Definition(s)
The practice whereby workers are given pay and / or
working and living conditions which are sub-standard
compared to those specified by law or collective
agreements in the relevant labour market, or otherwise
prevalent there.
Source(s)
Derived by EMN from the Norwegian
Regulations regarding workers from the new EU Member
States
GA dumpáil shóisialta (níor aistríodh an coincheap i
dteangacha eile), coinníolacha oibre faoi bhun an
chaighdeáin
Narrower term(s)
HR socijalni damping
14.2 Economic factors and impacts (such as brain drain/
gain, employment/ unemployment, labour market,
economic growth, dumping)
HU szociális dömping
IT dumping sociale
LT socialinis dempingas
LV sociālais dempings
MT Tiżbita soċjali / Dumping soċjali
NL sociale dumping
PL dumping socjalny
PT dumping social
wage dumping
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
Euro Voc Classification
4416 organisation of work and working conditions
Note(s)
1. There is no clear, universally accepted definition of social dumping.
2. In the EU context, this practice usually refers to EU/EFTA
and third-country nationals.
RO dumping social
SK sociálny damping / sociálny dumping
SL socialni damping
SV social dumpning
NO sosial dumping
KA სოციალური დემპინგი
UK соціальний демпінг
HY
550
սոցիալական դեմպինգ
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
social exclusion
BG социално изключване
CS sociální vyloučení
DE soziale Ausgrenzung
EL κοινωνικός αποκλεισμός
EN social exclusion
ES exclusión social
ET sotsiaalne tõrjutus
FI sosiaalinen syrjäytyminen
FR exclusion sociale
GA eisiamh sóisialta
HR socijalna isključenost
C
D
Definition(s)
E
In the EU context, a situation whereby a person is
prevented (or excluded) from contributing to and
benefiting from economic and social progress.
F
Source(s)
Developed by EMN from the website of the European
Commission, DG Employment, Social Affairs and
Inclusion
G
H
Related term(s)
social inclusion
I
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
HU társadalmi kirekesztés
14.3 Social factors and impacts (such as changes in
demographics, age, education level, diversity)
J
IT esclusione sociale
Euro Voc Classification
K
LT socialinė atskirtis
1236 rights and freedoms| 2826 social affairs
L
LV sociālā atstumtība
MT Esklużjoni soċjali
M
NL sociale uitsluiting
PL wykluczenie społeczne
N
PT exclusão social
RO excludere socială
O
SK sociálne vylúčenie / sociálna exklúzia
SL socialna izključenost
P
SV social utestängning / socialt utanförskap
NO sosial eksklusjon / sosial ekskludering
Q
KA სოციალური გამორიცხვა/გარიყულობა
R
UK соціальне виключення
HY
սոցիալական բացառում
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
551
social inclusion
BG социално включване
CS sociální začlenění
DE soziale Eingliederung
EL κοινωνική ένταξη
EN social inclusion
ES inclusión social
Definition(s)
In the EU context, a framework for national strategy
development, as well as for policy coordination between
the EU Member States, on issues relating to tackling
poverty and social exclusion.
Source(s)
FI sosiaalinen osallisuus
Developed by EMN from the website of the European
Commission, DG Employment, Social Affairs and
Inclusion
FR inclusion sociale
Related term(s)
ET sotsiaalne kaasatus
GA cuimsiú sóisialta
social exclusion
HR socijalna uključenost
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
LT socialinė įtrauktis
1. Framework Concepts on Migration (including root
causes of migration| 14.3 Social factors and impacts
(such as changes in demographics, age, education level,
diversity)
LV sociālā iekļaušana
Euro Voc Classification
HU társadalmi befogadás
IT inclusione sociale
MT Inklużjoni soċjali
1236 rights and freedoms| 2826 social affairs
NL sociale insluiting
PL włączenie społeczne
PT inclusão social
RO includere socială
SK sociálne začlenenie / sociálna inklúzia
SL socialna vključenost
SV social delaktighet
NO sosial inkludering
KA სოციალური ჩართულობა
UK соціальна інтеграція
HY
552
սոցիալական ներառում
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
social partners
BG социални партньори
CS sociální partneři
DE Sozialpartner
EL κοινωνικοί εταίροι
EN social partners
ES interlocutores sociales
C
D
Definition(s)
Bodies representing employers, workers and
governments when meeting for the purpose of
consultations and negotiations on labour, social and
economic practices, policies and legislation.
E
Source(s)
G
F
FR partenaires sociaux
Derived by EMN from the Constitution of the
International Labour Organisation and
Articles 152 and 153 of the Treaty on the Functioning of
the European Union (TFEU)
GA comhpháirtithe sóisialta
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
ET sotsiaalpartnerid
FI työmarkkinaosapuolet
HR socijalni partneri
14. Factors and Impacts of Migration
HU szociális partnerek
Euro Voc Classification
IT parti sociali
LT socialiniai partneriai
LV sociālie partneri
MT Imsieħba soċjali
NL sociale partners
I
J
1231 international law| 4411 labour market
K
Note(s)
The concept of ‘social partners’ is central to the structure and governance
of the International Labour Organisation (ILO), and is implied by articles
152 and 153 in the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union
(TFEU) .
PL partnerzy społeczni
L
M
N
PT parceiros sociais
RO
O
SK sociálni partneri
SL socialni partnerji
P
SV arbetsmarknadens parter
NO sosiale parter, arbeidslivets parter / partene i
arbeidslivet (b); sosiale partar / arbeidslivspartar /
partane i arbeidslivet (n)
Q
R
KA სოციალური პარტნიორები
UK соціальні партнери
HY
H
S
սոցիալական գործընկերներ
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
553
social protection benefits
BG обезщетения за социална закрила
CS dávky sociální ochrany
DE Sozialschutzleistungen
EL οφέλη κοινωνικής προστασίας (EL); επιδόματα
κοινωνικής προστασίας (CY)
EN social protection benefits
ES prestaciones de asistencia social
Definition(s)
Transfers, in cash or in kind, by social protection schemes
to households and individuals to relieve them of the
burden of one or more of the risks defined in the
European Commission’s Mutual Information System on
Social Protection.
Source(s)
FR prestations de protection sociale
Derived by EMN from Art. 2 of Council Regulation (EC)
No 458/2007 (ESSPROS Regulation) and
European Commission’s Mutual Information System on
Social Protection (MISSOC)
GA sochair choimirce sóisialta
Narrower term(s)
ET sotsiaalse kaitse hüvitised
FI sosiaaliturvaetuudet
HR naknade socijalne skrbi
access to healthcare
HU szociális védelmi juttatások
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
IT prestazione di protezione sociale
LT socialinės išmokos
LV sociālās drošības sistēmas pabalsti / sociālās
aizsardzības pabalsti
MT Benefiċċji ta’ protezzjoni soċjali
NL sociale uitkeringen
PL zasiłki z opieki społecznej
PT prestações de proteção social
RO beneficii ale protecţiei sociale
SK dávky sociálnej ochrany (EU acquis); sociálna pomoc
SL prejemki socialne zaščite
SV sociala förmåner
NO ytelser knyttet til sosial sikkerhet (b); ytingar knytte til
sosial tryggleik (n)
KA სოციალური დახმარება/შეღავათები
1. Framework Concepts on Migration (including root
causes of migration
Euro Voc Classification
1011 European Union law| 2836 social protection
Note(s)
The European Commission’s Mutual Information Systemon Social
Protection uses the following categorisation of 11 groups or branches
dedicated to specific risks:
1. healthcare;
2. sickness cash benefits;
3. maternity and paternity benefits;
4. invalidity benefits;
5. old-age pensions and benefits;
6. survivors’ benefits;
7. benefits in respect of accidents at work and occupational diseases;
8. family benefits;
9. unemployment benefits;
10. guaranteed minimum resources;
11. long-term care benefits
UK переваги соціального захисту
HY
554
սոցիալական պաշտպանության նպաստներ
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
social security
BG социлно осигуряване
CS sociální zabezpečení
C
D
Definition(s)
ES seguridad social
A right to which every member of society is entitled
to realise through national effort and international
cooperation and in accordance with the organisation
and resources of each state, of the economic, social and
cultural rights indispensable for their dignity and the free
development of their personality.
ET sotsiaalkindlustus
Source(s)
DE soziale Sicherheit
EL κοινωνική ασφάλιση
EN social security
FI sosiaaliturva
Art. 22 of Universal Declaration of Human Rights
FR sécurité sociale
Narrower term(s)
HR socijalna sigurnost
social inclusion
social protection benefits
HU társadalombiztosítás
Related term(s)
GA slándáil shóisialta
IT sicurezza sociale
LT socialinė apsauga
J
social exclusion
K
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
PL zabezpieczenie socjalne
Euro Voc Classification
PT segurança social
RO securitate socială
1236 rights and freedoms| 2836 social protection| 7606
United Nations
SK sociálne zabezpečenie
SL socialna varnost
L
M
N
O
P
SV social trygghet
NO trygd
Q
KA სოციალური დაცვა
R
UK соціальна безпека
HY
G
I
NL maatschappelijke zekerheid
MT Sigurtà soċjali
F
H
1. Framework Concepts on Migration (including root
causes of migration| 14.3 Social factors and impacts
(such as changes in demographics, age, education level,
diversity)
LV sociālais nodrošinājums
E
սոցիալական ապահովագրություն
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
555
sponsor
BG спонсор
CS osoba usilující o sloučení rodiny /nositel oprávnění ke
sloučení rodiny
DE Zusammenführender / Sponsor
EL συντηρών
EN sponsor
ES reagrupante
ET sponsor
FI perheenkokoaja
Definition(s)
In the global context, a person or entity which
undertakes a (legal, financial or personal) engagement,
promise or pledge, on behalf of another.
In the EU context of family reunification, a thirdcountry national residing lawfully in a Member State
and applying, or whose family members apply, for family
reunification to be joined with them.
Source(s)
GA urraitheoir
General context: developed by EMN
EU context: Art. 2(c) of Council Directive 2003/86/EC
(Family Reunification Directive)
HR pokrovitelj
Related term(s)
FR regroupant
HU szponzor
IT sponsor / soggiornante (familiare che inoltra richiesta
di ricongiungimento familiare)
dependant
family member
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
LT globėjas
3.2 Migration for Family Reasons
LV galvotājs / garantētājs
Euro Voc Classification
MT Garanti / Sponsor
NL gezinshereniger / referent / hoofdpersoon
PL sponsor
PT requerente de reagrupamento familiar
RO sponsor
SK garant / sponzor
SL sponzor
SV referensperson
1011 European Union law| 2806 family| 2811
migration| 7606 United Nations
Note(s)
According to this concept, everyone has the right to a standard of living
adequate for the health and well-being of themselves and of their
families, including food, clothing, housing and medical care, and necessary
social services, and the right to security in the event of unemployment,
sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood in
circumstances beyond their control (Art. 25 of the Universal Declaration of
Human Rights).
NO referanseperson / sponsor
KA სპონსორი/მხარდამჭერი პირი
UK спонсор
HY
556
հովանավոր
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
spontaneous migration
BG no translation
CS spontánní migrace
DE spontane Migration
EL αυτόβουλη μετανάστευση
EN spontaneous migration
ES migración espontánea
ET spontaanne ränne
FI spontaani maahanmuutto
FR migration spontanée
GA imirce spontáineach
HR spontane migracije
HU spontán migráció
IT migrazione spontanea
LT spontaniška migracija
C
D
Definition(s)
The movement of a person or a group of persons who
initiate and proceed with their migration plans without
any outside assistance.
Source(s)
Developed by EMN
F
G
Broader term(s)
H
migration
Related term(s)
immigration programme
I
Note(s)
J
1. Spontaneous migration is usually caused by push-pull factors and is
characterised by the lack of state assistance or any other type of
international or national assistance.
2. The term is not in common use.
K
L
LV spontāna migrācija
MT Migrazzjoni spontanja
M
NL spontane migratie
PL spontaniczna migracja
N
PT migração espontânea
RO migraţie spontană
O
SK spontánna migrácia
SL spontane migracije
P
SV spontan migration
NO spontan migrasjon
Q
KA სპონტანური მიგრაცია
R
UK спонтанна міграція
HY
E
ինքնաբուխ միգրացիա
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
557
standard of proof
BG изискване за доказване
CS stav věci, o němž nejsou důvodné pochybnosti
DE Beweisanforderung / Beweisstandard
EL πρότυπο αποδείξεως
EN standard of proof
ES nivel de prueba
ET tõendamisstandard
FI näyttökynnys
FR niveau de preuve
GA caighdeán cruthúnais
HR standard dokazivanja
HU bizonyítási küszöb
IT grado di intensità della prova
LT įrodymams keliami reikalavimai
LV pierādījumu kopums
MT LIvell Standard / Grad Standard ta’ evidenza
Definition(s)
In the global context, the degree or level of
persuasiveness of the evidence required in a specific
case.
In the context of international protection, the degree or
level of persuasiveness of the evidence required (as the
threshold to be met) by the applicant for international
protection in persuading the adjudicators as to the truth
of the facts of the claim and when establishing if there
is a well-founded fear of persecution.
Source(s)
Global context: IOM Glossary on m Migration, 2019.
International protection context: derived by EMN
based on EASO Practical guide: evidence assessment,
2015 and
UNHCR: Note on Burden and Standard of Proof, 16
December 1998
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
NL bewijsstandaard / bewijsvoeringsnorm
1. Framework Concepts on Migration (including root
causes of migration
PL standard dowodu
Euro Voc Classification
PT nível dos elementos de prova
1231 international law
RO
SK miera dokazovania
SL dokazni standard
SV beviskrav
NO beviskrav
Note(s)
It is the applicant’s responsibility to prove facts in support of their claim.
Facts which need to the ‘proved’ are those which concern the background
and personal experiences of the applicant which purportedly have given
rise to fear of persecution and the resultant unwillingness to avail
themselves of the protection of the country of origin.
KA მტკიცების სტანდარტი
UK стандарт доказування
HY
558
ապացուցելիության չափանիշ
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
standard operating procedures
applicable in hotspots
BG стандартни оперативни процедури, приложими в
горещи точки
A
B
C
D
Definition(s)
E
EL τυποποιημένες διαδικασίες λειτουργίας για τα κέντρα
υποδοχής και ταυτοποίησης (ΚΥΤ-Hotspots)
Operational and technical guidelines on the
implementation of the Hotspot Approach in case of
disproportionate migratory pressure at the external EU
border of any EU Member State to support the effective
and sustainable preparation and operation of hotspots
and the distribution of responsibilities among different
stakeholders (EU and national authorities and agencies).
EN standard operating procedures applicable in hotspots
Source(s)
H
CS standardní operační procedury aplikované v
hotspotech
DE Standardvorgehensweise in Hotspots /
Standardverfahren für Hotspots
ES Procedimientos operativos estándar aplicables en los
hotspots
ET esmastes vastuvõtu keskustes kohaldatavad
püsitoimingud
FI hotspot-toimintamenettely
FR procédures opérationnelles standard applicables
dans les hotspots
GA
HR standardni operativni postupci koji se primjenjuju na
žarišne točke
HU a hotspotokban alkalmazott általános működési
eljárások
Derived by EMN from Commission Staff Working
Document: Best practices on the implementation of
the hotspot approach, accompanying the document,
progress report on the European Agenda on Migration,
SWD(2017)372 final and
Standard Operating Procedures(SOPs) applicable to
Italian hotspots
Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) applicable to
Greek hotspots
Synonym(s)
LV karstajos punktos piemērojamās standartprocedūras
MT Proċeduri t’ operazzjoni(jiet) standard f’inħawi/
f’sitwazzjonijiet imwiegħra
NL operationele standaardprocedures van toepassing in
hotspots
PL standardy procedur operacyjnych stosowane w
hotspotach
PT procedimentos operacionais padrão aplicáveis em
pontos de crise
RO
SK štandardné / bežné pracovné postupy v hotspotoch
SL Standardni operativni postopki, ki se uporabljajo na
žariščnih točkah
I
J
K
L
N
4. International Protection and other Types of Protection|
6. Migration Procedures
LT migrantų antplūdžio valdymo centruose taikomos
standartinės veiklos procedūros
G
M
H-SOPs
Hotspot Standard Operating Procedures (H-SOPs)
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
IT procedure operative standard per i punti di crisi
F
Euro Voc Classification
O
1011 European Union law| 2811 migration
P
Note(s)
Q
1. The SOPs should be adopted by the host Member State as early as
possible prior to the start of hotspot operations and take the form of a
legal act, governmental or ministerial decision or circular, depending on
the host Member State›s constitutional requirements.
2. The purpose of these best practices is to set out the key principles for
ensuring that hotspots are functioning effectively and that EU Member
States hosting hotspots have clear guidance on what they should do, once
the hotspot approach has been activated in accordance with Article 18
of the Regulation (EU) 2016/1624 (Regulation on the European
Border and Coast Guard) which contains provisions on the EU
operational cooperation in hotspot areas.
3. Hotspots are in operation in Greece and Italy, but the SOPs have so far
only been adopted by Italy.
R
S
T
U
V
SV standardiserat tillvägagångssätt som tillämpas i
hotspot-områden
W
NO standard operasjonsprosedyrer på mottakssteder for
asylsøkere etablert ved et uvanlig stort antall (b);
Standard operasjonsprosedyrar på mottaksstader for
asylsøkjarar etablert ved eit uvanleg stort tal (n)
X
KA ცხელ წერტილებში გამოყენებული
Y
UK стандартні операційні процедури, що
застосовуються в гарячих точках
Z
სტანდარტული ოპერაციული პროცედურები
HY
ընդունելության և նույնականացման կենտրոննների
ստանդարտ գործառնական ընթացակարգեր
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
559
stateless person
BG лице без гражданство
CS osoba bez státní příslušnosti
Definition(s)
DE Staatenloser
Person who is not considered as a national by any state
under the operation of its law.
EL ανιθαγενής
Source(s)
EN stateless person
ES apátrida
ET kodakondsuseta isik
FI kansalaisuudeton
FR apatride
GA duine gan stát
HR osoba bez državljanstva (apatrid)
HU hontalan személy
IT apolide
Art. 1 of UN Convention relating to the Status of
Stateless Persons
Related term(s)
citizenship
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
1. Framework Concepts on Migration (including root
causes of migration
Euro Voc Classification
1231 international law| 1236 rights and freedoms|
7606 United Nations
LT asmuo be pilietybės
LV bezvalstnieks
MT Persuna apolida / bla stat
Note(s)
The definition also includes a person whose nationality is not established.
NL staatloze
PL bezpaństwowiec
PT apátrida
RO apatrid
SK osoba bez štátneho občianstva / osoba bez štátnej
príslušnosti
SL apatrid / oseba brez državljanstva
SV statslös
NO statsløs person (b); statslaus person (n)
KA მოქალაქეობის არმქონე პირი
UK особа без громадянства
HY
560
քաղաքացիություն չունեցող անձ
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
statutory refugee
BG no translation
C
D
Definition(s)
CS statutární uprchlík
E
ES refugiado bajo instrumentos anteriores a la
Convención de 1951
Person considered to be a refugee (according to the
criteria of Art. 1A(I) of the Geneva Refugee Convention
and Protocol under the provision of the international
instruments preceding the Geneva Refugee Convention
or a person who has been recognised as a refugee by
the former International Refugee Organisation during the
period of its activities.
ET statuudipagulane
Source(s)
H
DE statutärer Flüchtling
EL αναγνωρισμένος πρόσφυγας
EN statutory refugee
Derived by EMN from the UNHCR International
Thesaurus of Refugee Terminology
FI sääntömääräinen pakolainen (not in general use)
FR réfugié statutaire
J
refugee
HR statutarne izbjeglice
Related term(s)
HU történelmi menekült
G
I
Broader term(s)
GA dídeanaí de réir reachta
F
K
IT rifugiato titolare dello status prima della Convenzione
di Ginevra del 1951
Convention refugee
mandate refugee
LT pabėgėlis pagal susitarimus
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
L
Euro Voc Classification
M
LV statūtbēglis
MT Rifuġjat(a) statutarju(-a)
NL erkende vluchteling / verdragsvluchteling
PL uchodźca statutowy
PT refugiado estatutário
RO refugiat statutar
SK štatutárny utečenec
SL no translation
SV konventionsflykting
NO statuttflyktning
4.1.1 Refugee protection
1231 international law| 2811 migration
N
Note(s)
1. These instruments are: The Arrangements with regard to Russian and
Armenian Refugees of 12 May 1926, the Arrangement with regard to
Turkish and Assyrian Refugees of 30 June 1928, the Conventions of 28
October 1933 and 10 February 1938, the Protocol of 14 September 1939
and the Constitution of the International Refugee Organisation.
2. This type of status is normally no longer granted, although the term is
still used by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
(UNHCR) in its activities.
O
P
Q
KA მოწმობით აღიარებული ლტოლვილი
R
UK біженець відповідно до Женевської конвенції
1951 року
S
HY
ճանաչված փախստական
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
561
stock of foreigners
BG брой на чуждите граждани
CS počet cizinců (stav k)
DE Bestand der ausländischen Wohnbevölkerung
EL απόθεμα πληθυσμού αλλοδαπών
EN stock of foreigners
ES stock de población extranjera
ET välismaalaste arv
FI ulkomaalaisväestön määrä
Definition(s)
The number of foreign nationals in a given area on a
certain date (e.g. 1 January or 31 December) of the year
in question.
Source(s)
Developed by EMN
Broader term(s)
foreign population of a country
FR stock de ressortissants étrangers / stock de
population étrangère / stock d’étrangers
Narrower term(s)
GA líon eachtrannach / stoc eachtrannach
Related term(s)
migrant stock
HR broj stranaca
population stock
HU külföldi népesség száma
Euro Voc Classification
IT stock di popolazione straniera
LT užsieniečių skaičius
LV ārzemnieku skaits (1. janvārī)
MT Rendikont tal-barranin / Rendikont tal-Popolazzjoni
Barranija
NL bevolking van buitenlandse nationaliteit
2816 demography and population
Note(s)
1. The term is added because of the two methods used to calculate
population stock.
2. Foreign stock can include migrants plus those born in a given area to
foreign parents living in given area.
PL populacja cudzoziemców w danym momencie
PT stock de população estrangeira / stock de
estrangeiros
RO stoc de străini
SK stav cudzincov / počet cudzincov
SL število tujcev
SV antal utländska medborgare
NO antall utenlandske borgere (b); tal på utanlandske
borgarar (n)
KA უცხოელთა ჯგუფი
UK чисельність іноземців
HY
562
օտարերկրացիների թվաքանակ
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
563
stock of pending cases (in procedures
for international protection)
BG брой висящи дела
LV izskatīšanā esošo lietu skaits
CS množství žádostí v řízení (ve věci mezinárodní
ochrany)
MT Rendikont ta’ każijiet pendenti (fi proċeduri għal
protezzjoni internazzjonali)
DE bestehende anhängige Verfahren (bei Verfahren zur
Anerkennung auf internationalen Schutz) / Bestand
an anhängigen Verfahren
NL voorraad van hangende zaken
EL αριθμός εκκρεμουσών υποθέσεων (κατά τη διαδικασία
διεθνούς προστασίας)
PT número de processos pendentes (pedidos de
proteção internacional)
EN stock of pending cases (in procedures for
international protection)
ES stock de solicitudes pendientes de resolver (en
procedimientos de protección internacional)
ET pooleliolevate juhtumite arv (rahvusvahelise kaitse
menetlustes)
FI päätöstä odottavien (kansainvälistä suojelua
koskevien) hakemusten määrä
FR stock de dossiers en attente (dans les procédures de
demande de la protection internationale)
GA Líon na gcásanna ar feitheamh (i nósanna imeachta
um chosaint idirnáisiúnta)
HR broj slučajeva u postupku (odobrenja međunarodne
zaštite)
PL liczba rozpatrywanych wniosków (w procedurze
udzielania ochrony miedzynarodowej)
RO
SK stav prebiehajúcich konaní (o medzinárodnej
ochrane) / stav žiadostí v riešení (v konaniach o
medzinárodnej ochrane)
SL število primerov v obravnavi (v postopkih
mednarodne zaščite)
SV ärendebalans (gällande ansökningar om
internationellt skydd)
NO restanse (ved behandling av søknader om
internasjonal beskyttelse) (b); restanse (ved
handsaming av søknadar om internasjonalt vern (n)
KA განხილვის პროცესში არსებულ საქმეთა
რაოდენობა (საერთაშორისო დაცვის
პროცედურების ფარგლებში)
HU függőben lévő ügyek száma (nemzetközi védelemre
vonatkozó eljárások során)
UK кількість справ на стадії розгляду (у процедурах
надання міжнародного захисту)
IT stock di casi pendenti (nelle procedure di protezione
internazionale)
HY
LT nagrinėjamų bylų skaičius (prieglobsčio procedūroje)
564
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
առկախված գործերի թիվը (միջազգային
պաշտպանության ընթացակարգում)
A
B
C
D
Definition(s)
E
The number of formally lodged applications for
international protection which have not yet
received a decision in each stage of the procedure
for international protection (first instance and final
appeal) at the end of the reference period.
F
G
Source(s)
Derived by EMN from EUAA Annual Asylum Report
H
Broader term(s)
application for international protection
I
Related term(s)
procedure for international protection
J
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
6.2 Procedure for international protection/Refugee status
determination| 6.2.3 First Instance (Administrative)
determination procedure| 6.2.4 Second instance
(Administrative or judicial) determination procedure /
Appeals Procedure
K
L
M
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
565
Stockholm Programme
BG Стокхолмска програма
CS Stockholmský program
DE Stockholmer Programm
EL Πρόγραμμα της Στοκχόλμης
EN Stockholm Programme
ES Programa de Estocolmo
Definition(s)
A five-year political, strategic document describing the
focus of cooperation in the policy areas of justice and
home affairs of the EU Member States for the years
2010 to 2014.
Source(s)
FI Tukholman ohjelma
European Commission Communication on an area
of freedom, security and justice serving the citizen,
COM(2009) 262 final
FR Programme de Stockholm
Euro Voc Classification
ET Stockholmi programm
GA Clár Stócólm
HR Stockholmski program
HU Stockholmi Program
IT Programma di Stoccolma
LT Stokholmo programa
LV Stokholmas programma
MT Programm (Il-) ta’ Stokkolma
NL Programma van Stockholm
PL Program Sztokholmski
PT Programa de Estocolmo
RO Programul de la Stockholm
SK Štokholmský program
SL Stockholmski program
SV Stockholmsprogrammet
NO Stockholm-programmet
KA სტოკჰოლმის პროგრამა
10 European Union| 2811 migration
Note(s)
1. The Stockholm Programme is the third programme in this area. The first
programme was adopted in 1999 in Tampere. The second programme,
the Hague Programme, was adopted in 2004 and expired in December
2009.
2. The Programme contains guidelines for common politics on the topics
of protection of fundamental rights, privacy, minority rights and the rights
of groups of people in need of special protection, as well as citizenship of
the European Union. The programme also outlines plans for measures in
the area of border-crossing data exchange between State authorities and
surveillance of the Internet. The Programme’s work programme also
attaches great importance to how the EU should work to guarantee
respect for fundamental freedoms and privacy, while guaranteeing
security in Europe. Chapter 5 specifically outlines the priorities in migration
and asylum matters (based on the principles and objectives of the Pact on
Immigration and Asylum). It underlines that solidarity is an important
objective of a common immigration and asylum policy and that the EU
should provide support to EU Member States most exposed to migratory
pressures.
3. For more information, see the Communication on an area of freedom,
security and justice serving the citizen (Stockholm Programme). COM
(2009) 262 final .
UK Стокгольмська програма
HY
566
Ստոկհոլմի ծրագիր
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
stranded migrant
BG no translation
DE gestrandeter Migrant (term is not used in AT, DE, LU)
EL εγκλωβισμένος μετανάστης
A migrant who for reasons beyond their control has
been unintentionally forced to stay in a country.
E
Source(s)
F
Broader term(s)
G
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
H
Developed by EMN
EN stranded migrant
ES migrante desamparado
migrant
ET juhusisserändaja (no usual translation)
FI maahan jäämään joutunut siirtolainen (not in general
use)
GA imirceach sáinnithe
D
Definition(s)
CS cizinec, kterému brání ve vycestování překážka na
jeho vůli nezávislá
FR migrant bloqué
C
1. Framework Concepts on Migration (including root
causes of migration
I
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration
J
Note(s)
K
HR no usual translation
HU (egy országban) rekedt migráns
IT migrante bloccato
LT migrantas, atsidūręs sunkioje padėtyje
LV grūtā stāvoklī nonācis migrants
MT Migrant(a) imwaħħal (imwaħħla) f’post
NL gestrande migrant
1. There is no legal definition of the term ‘stranded migrant’; however, the
term has been used by academics and organisations such as the
International Organization for Migration (IOM) since 2006.
According to UNESCO, migrants may become stranded due to
circumstances in the country of origin, a position of prolonged detention or practical difficulties. Stranded migrants may be individuals whose
claim for refugee status has been rejected.
3. For further information, see UNESCO’s People on the Move Handbook.
PL migrant przymusowy
L
M
N
O
PT migrante retido
RO migrant forţat să rămână pe teritoriu
P
SK uviaznutý migrant
SL ujeti migrant
SV strandsatt migrant
Q
NO migrant med påtvunget opphold (b); migrant med
påtvinga opphald (n)
R
KA ქვეყანაში იძულებით ჩარჩენილი მიგრანტი
S
UK застряглий мігрант
HY
արգելափակված միգրանտ
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
567
Strategic Committee on Immigration,
Frontiers and Asylum (SCIFA)
BG Стратегически комитет по имиграция, граници и
убежище
CS Strategický výbor pro přistěhovalectví, hranice a azyl
DE Strategisches Komitee für Einwanderungs-,
Grenz- und Asylfragen / Strategischer Ausschuss für
Einwanderungs-, Grenz- und Asylfragen / SCIFA
EL Στρατηγική Επιτροπή για τη Μετανάστευση, τα Σύνορα
και το Άσυλο
EN Strategic Committee on Immigration, Frontiers and
Asylum (SCIFA)
ES Comité Estratégico de Inmigración, Fronteras y Asilo
ET Strateegiline sisserände-, piiride ja varjupaigakomitee
FI Maahanmuutto-, raja- ja turvapaikka-asioiden
strateginen komitea
FR Comité stratégique sur l’immigration, les frontières et
l’asile
GA an Coiste Straitéiseach um Inimirce, Teorainneacha
agus Tearmann
HR Strateški odbor za imigraciju, granice i azil (SCIFA)
HU Bevándorlással, Határokkal és Menekültüggyel
Foglalkozó Stratégiai Bizottság
IT Comitato Strategico in materia di Immigrazione,
Frontiere e Asilo
LT Imigracijos, sienų ir prieglobsčio strateginis komitetas
LV Imigrācijas, robežu un patvēruma jautājumu
stratēģiskā komiteja
MT Kumitat Strateġiku dwar l-Immigrazzjoni, il‑Fruntieri u
l-Ażil
Definition(s)
A forum for the exchange of information amongst the
EU Member States, consisting of senior officials in the
fields of asylum, immigration and frontiers, which aims
to implement a European Union strategic approach to
matters related to asylum, immigration and frontiers.
Source(s)
Note from the President of the EU Council to SCIFA,
Document 17476/10
Synonym(s)
SCIFA
Related term(s)
High-Level Working Group (HLWG) on Asylum and
Migration
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration
Note(s)
1. SCIFA was set up as part of a new working structure to prepare the
Council’s discussions with regard to immigration, frontiers and asylum.
SCIFA focuses on in-depth discussions on issues of a more strategic
nature, such as politically important issues and issues of a horizontal or
cross-cutting character to deal with questions arising from Articles 62, 63
and 64 of the Treaty of the European Community (TEC) with a view to
synthesising and, where necessary, solving them and to give substantive
input to Coreper’s discussions. SCIFA provides its conclusions to Coreper,
after which they are considered by the Justice and Home Affairs (JHA)
Council.
2. SCIFA can create Working Parties (e.g. Working Party on Migration and
Expulsion) to consider in detail the specific proposals tabled by the
European Commission. These Working Parties report on their outcomes to
SCIFA.
NL Strategisch Comité immigratie, grenzen en asiel
PL Strategiczny Komitet ds. Imigracji, Granic i Azylu
PT Comité Estratégico Imigração, Fronteiras e Asilo
RO Comitetul Strategic pentru Imigraţie, Frontiere şi Azil
SK Strategický výbor pre prisťahovalectvo, hranice a azyl
(SCIFA)
SL Strateški odbor za priseljevanje, meje in azil
SV Strategiska kommittén för invandring, gränser och
asyl
NO Strategikomité for innvandrings-, grense- og
asylspørsmål
KA იმიგრაციის, საზღვრებისა და თავშესაფრის
საკითხთა სტრატეგიული კომიტეტი (SCIFA)
UK Стратегічний комітет з питань імміграції, кордонів і
притулку (SCIFA)
HY
568
Ներգաղթի, Սահմանների և Ապաստանի
Ռազմավարական Կոմիտե
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
student
BG студент
CS student
C
D
Definition(s)
FR étudiant
In the EU migration context, a third-country
national accepted by an establishment of higher
education and admitted to the territory of an EU Member
State to pursue as their main activity a full-time course
of study leading to a higher education qualification
recognised by the EU Member State, including diplomas,
certificates or doctoral degrees in a higher education
institution, which may cover a preparatory course prior
to such education, in accordance with national law, or
compulsory training.
GA mac léinn
Source(s)
DE Student
EL φοιτητής / σπουδαστης
EN student
ES estudiante
ET (üli)õpilane
FI opiskelija
HR student
HU diák
IT studente
LT studentas
LV students
MT Student(a)
NL student
PL student
PT estudante
Art. 3(3) of Directive (EU) 2016/801 (Recast Students
Directive)
F
G
H
I
J
Related term(s)
K
researcher
school pupil
L
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
3.3 Migration for Study and Research
M
Euro Voc Classification
1011 European Union law| 2811 migration| 3206
education
N
RO student
O
SK študent
SL študent
P
SV student
NO Student
Q
KA სტუდენტი
R
UK студент
HY
E
ուսանող
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
569
subsequent application for
international protection
BG последваща молба за международна закрила
CS následná žádost o mezinárodní ochranu
DE Folgeantrag auf internationalen Schutz
EL μεταγενέστερη αίτηση διεθνούς προστασίας
EN subsequent application for international protection
ES solicitud posterior de protección internacional
ET korduv rahvusvahelise kaitse taotlus
FI myöhempi kansainvälistä suojelua koskeva hakemus
FR demande ultérieure de protection internationale
Definition(s)
A further application for international
protection made after a final decision has been taken
on a previous application, including cases where the
applicant has explicitly withdrawn their application and
cases where the determining authority has rejected
an application following its implicit withdrawal in
accordance with Art. 28 (1) of Directive 2013/32/EU
(Recast Asylum Procedures Directive) .
Source(s)
GA iarratas iardain ar chosaint idirnáisiúnta
Art. 2(q) of Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum
Procedures Directive)
HR naknadni zahtjev za međunarodnom zaštitom
Broader term(s)
HU ismételt nemzetközi védelem iránti kérelem
IT domanda reiterata di protezione internazionale
LT paskesnis prašymas suteikti tarptautinę apsaugą (EU
acquis); pakartotinis prašymas suteikti prieglobstį
LV atkārtots iesniegums par starptautiskās aizsardzības
statusa piešķiršanu
application for international protection
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
4.1 International protection
Euro Voc Classification
1011 European Union law| 2811 migration
MT Applikazzjoni / Talba sussegwenti għall-protezzjoni
internazzjonali
NL volgend verzoek om internationale bescherming
PL kolejny wniosek o ochronę międzynarodową
PT pedido subsequente de proteção internacional
RO cerere ulterioară
SK následná žiadosť o medzinárodnú ochranu / následná
žiadosť o udelenie medzinárodnej ochrany
SL ponovna prošnja za mednarodno zaščito
SV efterföljande ansökan om internationellt skydd
NO ny søknad om internasjonal beskyttelse (b); ny
søknad om internasjonalt vern (n)
KA განმეორებითი განცხადება საერთაშორისო
დაცვის მოთხოვნის შესახებ
UK подальше звернення за міжнародним захистом
HY
570
միջազգային պաշտպանության հետագա հայց
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
subsidiary protection
BG субсидиарна закрила
CS doplňková ochrana
C
D
Definition(s)
GA cosaint choimhdeach
The protection given to a third-country national or
a stateless person who does not qualify as
a refugee but in respect of whom substantial grounds
have been shown for believing that the person
concerned, if returned to their country of origin, or
in the case of a stateless person to their country of
former habitual residence, would face a real risk of
suffering serious harm as defined in Art. 15 of Directive
2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive) , and to
whom Art. 17(1) and (2) of this Directive do not apply,
and is unable or, owing to such risk, unwilling to avail
themselves of the protection of that country.
HR supsidijarna zaštita
Source(s)
DE subsidiärer Schutz
EL επικουρική προστασία (EL); συμπληρωματική
προστασία (CY)
EN subsidiary protection
ES protección subsidiaria
ET täiendav kaitse
FI toissijainen suojelu
FR protection subsidiaire
HU kiegészítő védelem
IT protezione sussidiaria
LT papildoma apsauga
LV alternatīvā aizsardzība
MT Protezzjoni sussidjarja
NL subsidiaire bescherming
PL ochrona (uzupełniająca)
Derived by EMN from Art. 2(f) of Directive 2011/95/EC
(Recast Qualification Directive)
Broader term(s)
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
international protection
Narrower term(s)
M
person eligible for subsidiary protection
Related term(s)
N
RO protecţie subsidiară
civil war refugee
humanitarian protection
temporary protection
SK doplnková ochrana
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
4.1.2 Subsidiary protection
P
Euro Voc Classification
Q
PT proteção subsidiária
SL subsidiarna zaščita
SV subsidiärt skydd
NO subsidiær beskyttelse (b); subsidiært vern (n)
O
1011 European Union law| 2811 migration
KA დამატებითი დაცვა
UK додатковий захист
HY
օժանդակ պաշտպանություն
R
Note(s)
This term is not used in UK (see ‘humanitarian protection’).
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
571
subsidiary protection status
BG статут на субсидиарна закрила
CS status doplňkové ochrany
DE subsidiärer Schutzstatus
EL καθεστώς επικουρικής προστασίας (EL); καθεστώς
συμπληρωματικής προστασίας (CY)
EN subsidiary protection status
ES estatuto de protección subsidiaria
ET täiendava kaitse seisund
FI toissijainen suojeluasema
FR statut conféré par la protection subsidiaire (EU
acquis) / statut de protection subsidiaire
GA stádas cosanta coimhdí
HR status supsidijarne zaštite
HU kiegészítő védelmi jogállás / oltalmazotti státusz
IT status di protezione sussidiaria
LT papildomos apsaugos statusas
LV alternatīvās aizsardzības statuss
Definition(s)
The recognition by an EU Member State of a thirdcountry national or a stateless person as a person
eligible for subsidiary protection.
Source(s)
Art. 2(g) of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification
Directive)
Broader term(s)
subsidiary protection
Related term(s)
beneficiary of subsidiary protection
refugee status
withdrawal of international protection
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
4.1.2 Subsidiary protection
Euro Voc Classification
1011 European Union law| 2811 migration
MT Status ta’ protezzjoni sussidjarja
NL subsidiaire beschermingsstatus
PL status ochrony uzupełniającej
PT estatuto de proteção subsidiária
RO statut de protecţie subsidiară
SK status doplnkovej ochrany / štatút doplnkovej ochrany
SL status subsidiarne zaščite
SV status som subsidiärt skyddsbehövande
NO status for subsidiær beskyttelse (b); status for
subsidiært vern (n)
KA დამატებითი დაცვის სტატუსი
UK статус додаткового захисту
HY
572
օժանդակ պաշտպանության կարգավիճակ
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
suspensive effect
BG суспензивен ефект
C
D
Definition(s)
CS odkladný účinek
DE aufschiebende Wirkung
EL ανασταλτικό αποτέλεσμα
EN suspensive effect
ES efecto suspensivo
A consequence of an appeal, which suspends the
enforceability of a challenged decision allowing the
appellant to remain in a host country pending the
outcome.
E
Source(s)
G
Synonym(s)
H
F
Developed by EMN
ET edasilükkav toime
FI lykkäävä vaikutus
GA éifeacht fionraíochta
right to remain pending the examination of an
application
right to remain pending the decision
HR suspenzivni učinak
Broader term(s)
J
FR effet suspensif
I
legal remedy
HU halasztó hatály
IT effetto sospensivo
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
LT stabdomasis poveikis
6.3 Specific aspects of migration procedures
K
LV atliekošs efekts
Euro Voc Classification
L
MT Effett ta’ twaħħir / ta’ sospensjoni (minħabba smigħ
ta’ appell)
1011 European Union law| 2811 migration
NL schorsende werking
Note(s)
PL skutek zawieszający
PT efeito suspensivo
RO efect suspensiv
SK odkladný účinok
SL suspenzivni učinek /odložilni učinek
SV suspensiv verkan
NO utsettende virkning (b); utsetjande verknad (n)
KA შემაკავებელი ეფექტი
UK призупиняюча дія
HY
M
1. The Directive 2013/32/EU/ (Recast Asylum Procedures Directive)
recognises in Art. 9 an automatic right of applicants to remain in the
Member State, for the sole purpose of the procedure, until the determining
authority has made a decision in accordance with the procedures at first
instance, and in Art. 46(3) -in line with international refugee law and with
the jurisprudence of the European Courts -an automatic right of
applicants appealing against negative decisions to remain in the territory
of the concerned EU Member State.
2. In some circumstances (listed in Art. 46(6) of Directive 2013/32/EU),
such as decisions considering an application to be manifestly unfounded
in accordance with Art. 32(2) or unfounded after examination in
accordance with Art. 31(8), the suspensive effect of appeal is not
automatic. However, the possibility remains to request a court or tribunal
for a right to stay, pending the second instance decision (Art. 46 (3) of
Directive 2013/32/EU).
N
O
P
Q
R
S
արգելակող ազդեցություն
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
573
sustainable return
BG устойчиво връщане
CS udržitelný návrat
Definition(s)
FR retour durable
In the global context, policy which deters new irregular
migration of returnees by reintegration of the
returnee in the country of origin or return which aims
to ensure them levels of economic self-sufficiency, social
stability within their communities, and psychosocial wellbeing that allow them to cope with (re)migration drivers.
In the EU context, the absence
of migration after return because the returnee is
fully integrated socially and economically in the home
community.
GA
Source(s)
DE nachhaltige Rückkehr
EL βιώσιμη επιστροφή
EN sustainable return
ES Retorno sostenible
ET jätkusuutlik tagasipöördumine
FI kestävä paluu
HR održivi povratak
HU fenntartható visszatérés
IT rimpatrio sostenibile
LT tvarus grąžinimas
LV ilgtspējīga atgriešanās
MT Ritorn sostenibbli
NL Duurzame terugkeer
PL trwały powrót
PT retorno sustentável
Global context: Derived by EMN from IOM: Towards an
integrated approach to reintegration in the context of
return, 2017.
EU context: European Commission, DG Migration and
HomeAffairs: Comparative study on best practices to
interlink pre-departure reintegrationmeasures carried
out in Member States with short- and long-term
reintegrationmeasures in the countries of return: final
report, 2013.
Synonym(s)
RO returnare durabilă
sustainable reintegration
successful return
SK udržateľný návrat
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
SL trajnostno vračanje
SV hållbart återvändande
NO bærekraftig retur (b); berekraftig retur (n)
12. Return and Readmission
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration
KA მდგრადი დაბრუნება
UK стійке повернення
HY
574
կայուն վերադարձ
Note(s)
1. There are many definitions and approaches to describe the concept of
sustainable return migration / reintegration. A systematic analysis can be
found in: IOM: Comparative Research on the Assisted Voluntary Return and
Reintegration of Migrants, 2015.
2. One way of defining sustainable return is defining it in a strict sense “as
the absence of re-migration’(EU Commission). Another approach takes
into account the socio-economic conditions (such as the availability of
employment or access to housing and basic services) faced by the
returnees which makes it possible to build a life in the country of origin. A
third definition focuses on a number of rights, such as to public and social
services, to property and to freedom of movement. While all these
approaches focus on the individual, another approach looks at return in a
wider perspective and focuses on the consequences of return for the wider
society (for example ‘brain gain’). For further information see: Gent, Saskia
and Richard Black: Defining, Measuring and Influencing Sustainable Return,
Briefing, 2005.
3. There are many different definitions at the global level and equally,
policies and approaches among EU Member States vary widely. For further
information see: European Commission, DG Migration and Home Affairs:
Comparative study on best practices to interlink pre-departure
reintegration measures carried out in Member States with short- and
long-term reintegration measures in the countries of return: final report,
2013.
4. Sustainable return of migrants back to their countries of origin is an
important aspect of comprehensive migration management.
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
take back request
BG искане за обратно приемане
CS žádost o přijetí zpět
DE Wiederaufnahmegesuch
EL αίτημα εκ νέου ανάληψης
EN take back request
ES
ET tagasivõtmispalve
FI takaisinottopyyntö
FR requête aux fins de reprise en charge
GA iarraidh ar ghabháil ar ais
HR zahtjev za ponovni prihvat
C
D
Definition(s)
In the context of the Dublin Regulation, the formal
procedure in which an (EU) Member State carrying out
the process of determining the (EU) Member State
responsible becomes aware that a third-country
national or stateless person has made an application
for international protection in another (EU) Member
State or is staying on its territory without a residence
document and notifies the (EU) Member State
responsible to take back that person for the purpose of
completing the examination of the application for
international protection.
Source(s)
LV atpakaļuzņemšanas pieprasījums
Derived by EMN from Art. 23 of Regulation (EU) No
604/2013 (Dublin III Regulation)
European Parliament: Dublin Regulation on international
protection applications: European Implementation
Assessment. - Brussels, 2020
MT
Synonym(s)
HU visszavétel iránti megkeresés
IT Richiesta di ripresa in carico
LT prašymas atsiimti
NL terugnameverzoek
Take back notification
PL wniosek o wtórne przejęcie
Broader term(s)
PT pedido de retomada
Dublin transfer
RO cerere de repreluare
Related term(s)
SK dožiadanie o prijatie späť
SL zahteva za ponovni sprejem
SV framställan om återtagande
NO tilbaketakelsesanmodning
KA თხოვნა (თავშესაფრის მაძიებლის) უკან
მიღების თაობაზე
UK запит на реадмісію
HY
հայցի հետ վերցնելը
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
Dublin criteria
take charge request
transfer notification
P
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
Q
6.2.2 Dublin Procedure
Euro Voc Classification
R
1011 European Union law| 2811 migration
S
Note(s)
1. Take back requests relate to cases where the applicant has already
lodged one asylum application in an (EU) Member State and travels on to
another (EU) Member State. The latter then initiates proceedings to see
which (EU) Member State is responsible for ‘taking back’ the applicant.
2. For more information see European Parliamentary Research Service
(EPRS): Dublin Regulation on international protection applications:
European Implementation Assessment, February 2020.
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
575
take charge request
BG искане за поемане на отговорността
CS žádost o převzetí
DE Aufnahmegesuch; Übernahmegesuch
EL αίτημα αναδοχής
EN take charge request
ES
ET vastuvõtmispalve
FI vastaanottopyyntö
FR requête aux fins de prise en charge
GA iarraidh ar ghabháil ar láimh
HR zahtjev za prihvat
HU átvétel iránti megkeresés
IT Richiesta di presa in carico
LT prašymas perimti savo žinion
LV atbildības uzņemšanās pieprasījums
MT talba biex tittieħed responsabbiltà / talba biex
jittieħed inkarigu
NL overnameverzoek
PL wniosek o przejęcie
PT pedido de tomada a cargo
RO cerere de preluare
SK dožiadanie o prevzatie
SL zahteva za sprejem
SV framställan om övertagande
NO overtakelsesanmodning
KA თხოვნა პირის (თავშესაფრის მაძიებლად)
მიღების თაობაზე
UK запит про взяття відповідальності
HY
576
տեղաբաշխման հայց
Definition(s)
In the context of the Dublin Regulation, the formal
procedure in which an (EU) Member State carrying out
the process of determining the (EU) Member State
responsible at any time before a first decision on
the substance of an asylum claim requests another
(EU) Member State to take charge of the procedure
of examining the application for international
protection of the person concerned according to
the Dublin criteria.
Source(s)
Derived by EMN from Art. 21 of Regulation (EU) No
604/2013/ (Dublin III-Regulation), and
European Parliamentary Research Service (EPRS): Dublin Regulation on international protection applications:
European Implementation Assessment, February 2020.
Broader term(s)
Dublin transfer
Related term(s)
Dublin criteria
take back request
transfer notification
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
6.2.2 Dublin Procedure
Euro Voc Classification
1011 European Union law| 2811 migration
Note(s)
Take charge requests are cases where a first application is lodged and an
(EU) Member State initiates the procedure to determine which (EU)
Member State is responsible. An (EU) Member State can request another
(EU) Member State to take charge of an applicant, usually due to the
presence of family members. For more information see European
Parliamentary Research Service (EPRS): Dublin Regulation on international
protection applications: European Implementation Assessment, February
2020.
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
talent partnership
BG партньорство в подкрепа на талантите
C
D
Definition(s)
CS partnerství zaměřená na talenty
Comprehensive EU policy framework as well as funding
support for cooperation with third countries to better
match labour and skills needs in the EU aimed at
enhancing legal migration and mobility with key
partners.
DE Fachkräftepartnerschaft
EL εταιρικές σχέσεις προσέλκυσης ταλέντων
EN talent partnership
ES alianza para el talento
Source(s)
ET talendipartnerlus
FI osaamiskumppanuus
European Commission: Communication on a New Pact
on Migration and Asylum, COM(2020) 609 final
FR partenariat destiné à attirer les talents
Synonym(s)
E
F
G
H
I
GA comhpháirtíocht tallainne
EU talent partnership
HR partnerstvo za talente
Broader term(s)
HU tehetségi partnerségek
economic migration
J
IT partenariato volto ad attirare talenti
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
K
2.2 EU (e.g. Common European Asylum System,
Qualification Directive, European Agenda for Migration)|
3.1 Migration for Economic Purposes
LT talentų partnerystė
LV talantu partnerība
MT Sħubija ta’ talenti
Euro Voc Classification
NL talentpartnerschap
M
04 Politics| 10 European Union| 2811 migration
PL talent partnership
PT Parceria de talentos
N
Note(s)
1. Talent partnerships should be launched first in the EU’s Neighbourhood,
the Western Balkans, and in Africa, with a view to expanding to other
regions.
2. The Talent Partnerships require engagement of EU Member States,
involvement of the private sector and the social partners, and ownership
from partner countries
RO parteneriat pentru atragerea de talente
SK partnerstvo zamerané na talenty / partnerstvo v
oblasti mobility talentov
SL partnerstvo za privabljanje talentov
SV talangpartnerskap
O
P
Q
NO talentpartnerskap (b); talentpartnarskap (n)
KA პარტნიორობა სწავლისა და დასაქმებისთვის
R
UK партнерство із залученням талантів
HY
L
S
տաղանդների ձեռքբերման շուրջ
համագործակցություն
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
577
temporary external border
BG временна външна граница
CS dočasná vnější hranice
Definition(s)
GA teorainn sheachtrach shealadach
(a) The common border between an EU Member State
fully implementing the Schengen acquis and a EU
Member State bound to apply the Schengen acquis in
full, in conformity with its Act of Accession, but for which
the relevant Council Decision authorising it to fully apply
that acquis has not entered into force.
(b) The common border between two EU Member States
bound to apply the Schengen acquis in full, in conformity
with their respective Acts of Accession, but for which the
relevant Council Decision authorising them to fully apply
that acquis has not yet enter
HR privremena vanjska granica
Source(s)
DE vorläufige Außengrenze
EL προσωρινά εξωτερικά σύνορα
EN temporary external border
ES frontera temporal exterior
ET ajutine välispiir
FI väliaikainen ulkoraja
FR frontière extérieure temporaire
HU ideiglenes külső határ
IT frontiera esterna temporanea
LT laikinoji išorės siena
LV pagaidu ārējā robeža
MT Fruntiera esterna temporanja / Konfini esterni
temporanji
Art. 2 (2) of Council Decision 574/2007/EC (External
Border Fund Decision)
Euro Voc Classification
0431 politics and public safety| 1011 European Union
law
NL tijdelijke buitengrens
PL tymczasowa granica zewnętrzna
PT fronteira externa temporária
RO frontieră externă temporară
SK dočasná vonkajšia hranica
SL začasna zunanja meja
SV tillfällig yttre gräns
NO midlertidig ytre grense (b); mellombels ytre grense (n)
KA დროებითი გარე საზღვარი
UK тимчасовий зовнішній кордон
HY
578
ժամանակավոր արտաքին սահմաններ
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
579
temporary international
relocation initiative (TIRI)
BG инициатива за временно преместване в друга
държава
CS dočasná mezinárodní relokační iniciativa
DE vorübergehende internationale Umsiedlungsinitiative
EL πρωτοβουλία προσωρινής διεθνούς μετεγκατάστασης
(TIRI)
EN temporary international relocation initiative (TIRI)
ES iniciativa de reubicación internacional temporal
ET ajutine rahvusvahelise ümberpaigutamise algatus
FI aloite kansainvälisistä tilapäisistä siirroista
FR initiative de relocalisation internationale temporaire
GA Tionscnamh um Athshocrú Sealadach Idirnáisiúnta
(TASI)
HR inicijativa za privremeno međunarodno preseljenje
HU Ideiglenes nemzetközi relokációs kezdeményezés
Definition(s)
All measures for swift assistance and protection of
human right defenders (HRDs) in danger in a third
country by providing preventive security measures or
supporting them to relocate inside their country of
origin, within their region or abroad in case of urgent
threat and where appropriate, issuing emergency visas
and facilitating temporary shelter in EU Member States.
Source(s)
Derived by EMN from the European Union Temporary
Relocation Platform (EUTRP) and
the Website of ProtectDefenders.eu
https://icorn.org/
Synonym(s)
temporary international relocation initiative
TIRI
IT iniziativa per la ricollocazione temporanea
internazionale
Broader term(s)
LT laikino tarptautinio perkėlimo iniciatyva
Related term(s)
LV pagaidu starptautiskās pārcelšanas iniciatīva
human rights
relocation
MT Inizzjattiva temporanja Internazzjonali għarrilokazzjoni (ITIR)
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
NL tijdelijk internationaal relocatie initiatief / tijdelijk
internationaal herplaatsingsinitiatief (BE)
Euro Voc Classification
PL międzynarodowa inicjatywa relokacji tymczasowej
5. Relocation, Resettlement and Humanitarian Admission
2811 migration
PT iniciativa de recolocação internacional temporária
(TIRI)
RO inițiativa de relocare temporară internațională (TIRI)
SK iniciatíva dočasnej medzinárodnej relokácie (TIRI)
SL pobuda za začasno mednarodno premestitev
SV temporary international relocation initiative (TIRI)
NO temporary international relocation initiative (TIRI)
KA დროებითი საერთაშორისო განსახლების
ინიციატივა (TIRI)
UK ініціатива про тимчасове переселення за кордон
(TIRI)
HY
580
ժամանակավոր միջազգային վերաբնակեցման
նախաձեռնություն
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
C
D
Note(s)
E
1. Human right defenders (HRDs) are people who individually or
collectively work peacefully on behalf of others to promote and defend
internationally recognised human rights. The United Nations Human
Rights Office of the High Commissioner offers a detailed description of
who human rights defenders are and what they do as well as on the
Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders, for more
information see the Website of the Special Rapporteur.
2. Before relocating human rights defenders outside of their country of
origin, preventive measures should be taken to ensure personal safety
and protection. If relocation is inevitable, priority should be given to
relocation in the defender’s own country or in their sub-region, thus
allowing them to continue doing their work close to their country.
3. Temporary relocation visas are one tool to protect human rights
defenders at risk and in need of relocation.
4. On initiative of the European Commission a platform has been
developed with the objective to facilitate coordination and cooperation
among actors involved in the temporary relocation of HRDs. These actors
may be based in Europe or in countries or regions where HRDs are at risk.
The coordination of the platform is currently in the hands of ProtectDefenders.eu, the European Union Human Rights Defenders mechanism. For
more information on the platform see the Website of ProtectDefenders.eu.
5. The temporary international relocation initiative is different from the
EU’s relocation mechanism which ensures the transfer of persons in need
of protection or already having a protection status from an EU Member
State to another EU Member State responsible either for granting a similar
protection status or examining their application of international
protection. For more information see the entry of ‹relocation› in this
glossary.
6. The International Cities of Refuge Network (ICORN) is an independent
organisation of cities and regions offering shelter to writers and artists at
risk, advancing freedom of expression, defending democratic values and
promoting international solidarity. It was formally established on June 9,
2006 in Stavanger after the dissolution of the original Cities of Asylum
Network (INCA) founded in 1993 by the International Parliament of
Writers (IPW). Since then more than 70 cities worldwide have joined the
network and no less than 200 writers and artists have found shelter in an
ICORN member city. For more information see the Website of ICORN.
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
581
temporary migration
BG временна миграция
CS dočasná migrace
DE temporäre Migration
EL προσωρινή μετανάστευση
EN temporary migration
ES migración temporal
ET ajutine sisseränne
FI tilapäinen maahanmuutto
FR migration temporaire
GA imirce shealadach
HR privremena migracija
HU ideiglenes migráció / átmeneti migárció
IT migrazione temporanea
LT trumpalaikė migracija
LV īslaicīga migrācija
MT Migrazzjoni temporanja
NL tijdelijke migratie
PL migracja tymczasowa
Definition(s)
Migration for a specific motivation and / or purpose with
the intention that afterwards there will be a return to
the country of origin or onward movement.
Source(s)
Developed by EMN
Broader term(s)
migration
Related term(s)
long-term migration
short-term migration
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
3.4 Migration for other Reasons
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration
Note(s)
With regard to the development of EU policy, this may be seen in the
context of inter alia circular migration and / or seasonal workers.
PT migração temporária
RO migraţie temporară
SK dočasná migrácia
SL začasne migracije
SV tillfällig migration
NO midlertidig migrasjon (b); mellombels migrasjon (n)
KA დროებითი მიგრაცია
UK тимчасова міграція
HY
582
ժամանակավոր միգրացիա
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
583
temporary protection
BG временна закрила
CS dočasná ochrana
DE vorübergehender Schutz
EL προσωρινή προστασία
EN temporary protection
ES protección temporal
ET ajutine kaitse
FI tilapäinen suojelu
FR protection temporaire
GA cosaint shealadach
Definition(s)
A procedure of exceptional character to provide, in
the event of a mass influx or imminent mass influx
of displaced persons from third countries who are
unable to return to their country of origin, immediate
and temporary protection to such persons, in particular
if there is also a risk that the asylum system will be
unable to process this influx without adverse effects for
its efficient operation, in the interests of the persons and
other persons requesting protection.
Source(s)
HR privremena zaštita
Art. 2(a) of Council Directive 2001/55/EC (Temporary
Protection Directive)
HU ideiglenes védelem / átmeneti védelem
Broader term(s)
IT protezione temporanea
protection
LT laikinoji apsauga
Related term(s)
LV pagaidu aizsardzība
MT Protezzjoni temporanja
NL tijdelijke bescherming
PL ochrona czasowa
PT proteção temporária
RO protecţie temporară
SK dočasná ochrana (EU acquis); dočasné útočisko
SL začasna zaščita
SV tillfälligt skydd
civil war refugee
displacement
international protection
mass influx
subsidiary protection
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
4.3 Temporary protection
Euro Voc Classification
1011 European Union law| 2811 migration
NO midlertidig beskyttelse (b); mellombels vern (n)
KA დროებითი დაცვა
UK тимчасовий захист
HY
584
ժամանակավոր պաշտպանություն
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
C
Note(s)
1. The Temporary Protection Directive is a framework for a possible
temporary protection system which is not established automatically, but
only after the Council of the EU acting by a qualified majority on a
proposal from the Commission, agrees that there is a mass influx of
displaced persons. On 4 March 2022, the Council of the EU adopted
Decision (EU) 2022/382, recognising the existence of a mass influx of
displaced persons from Ukraine as a result of the military invasion by
Russian forces that began on 24 February 2022. The scale of the influx
fulfils the criteria of the Directive.
2. With the decision’s entry into force people having fled from Ukraine
may apply for a temporary residence permit as of 4 March 2022. The
Council Decision applies to the following categories of persons displaced
from Ukraine on or after 24 February 2022:
Ukrainian nationals residing in Ukraine before 24 February 2022;
stateless persons and nationals of third countries other than Ukraine,
who benefited from international protection or equivalent national
protection in Ukraine before 24 February 2022; and
family members of the persons referred to in the first two categories,
even if they are not Ukrainian nationals.
According to Art. 2(2) of the Council Decision it also applies to stateless
persons and nationals of third countries other than Ukraine who can prove
that they were legally residing in Ukraine before 24 February 2022 on the
basis of a valid permanent residence permit issued in accordance with
Ukrainian law, and who are unable to return safely and permanently to
their country or region of origin.
Art. 2 (3) of the Council Decision allows EU Member States to apply the
Council Decision to other persons, including to stateless persons and to
nationals of third countries other than Ukraine, who were residing legally
in Ukraine and who are unable to return safely and permanently to their
country or region of origin.
3. The Temporary Protection Directive defines the decision-making
procedure needed to trigger, extend or end temporary protection. It
foresees harmonised rights for the beneficiaries of temporary protection,
including:
a residence permit for the entire duration of the protection (which
can last from one year to three years),
appropriate information on temporary protection,
access to employment,
access to accommodation or housing,
access to social welfare or means of subsistence,
access to medical treatment,
access to education for minors,
opportunities for families to reunite in certain circumstances, and
guarantees for access to the normal asylum procedure.
Specific provisions have been drawn up for unaccompanied minors and
for those having undergone particularly traumatic experiences (such as
rape, physical or psychological violence).
4.The right to temporary protection is in addition to the right to apply for
international protection. It is possible to apply for international
protection under the Recast Qualification Directive (Directive 2011/95/EU)
at any time. Temporary protection does not affect the rules for
granting refugee status or subsidiary protection status under the
Qualification Directive. These continue to apply, as do the procedural rules
in the Recast Asylum Procedures Directive (Directive 2013/32/EU) and the
rules on the status of applicants for international protection in the
Recast Reception Conditions Directive (Directive 2013/33/EU).
5. The Directive also contains provisions for the return of displaced
persons to their country of origin and for excluding individuals, who have
committed serious crimes or, who pose a threat to security from the
benefit of temporary protection.
6. EU Member States have transposed the Directive into their national
law. More information on the procedure at national level including the
competent authorities in the different Member States can be found
on website of the EMN “Information for Ukrainian Nationals’and the EU
Commission website „EU stands with Ukraine’and on the EU Commission
Website “Information for people fleeing the war in Ukraine”.
7. The Temporary Protection Directive in principle applies to all EU
Member States, however, DK opted out from the Directive. New legislation
is on the way that Ukrainian displaced persons do not need to apply for
asylum, but will obtain a temporary residence permit with access to
school, education and work. The new law will cover Ukrainian citizens and
persons with refugee status in Ukraine as well as accompanying core
family and other family members supported in the same household. For
more information see the Website of the Danish Immigration Service.
8. CH and NO apply a temporary protection mechanism similar to that of
the EU; in CH Ukrainians fleeing the war will be eligible for a temporary “S
permit’ to live and immediately work there, NO is offering a temporary
collective protection which does not constitute grounds for a permanent
residence permit. Both countries waive an individual assessment and thus
facilitate an unbureaucratic and speedy process.
9. The UK “Ukraine Family Scheme’ allows family members of British
nationals, UK settled persons and certain others to come to or stay in the
UK. For more information see the Website of the UK Home Office
“Immigration information for Ukrainians in the UK, British nationals and
their family members”. In addition, the government has announced plans
for a new sponsorship scheme “Homes for Ukraine’ for Ukrainians without
any family ties to the UK. The scheme will allow sponsors, such as
communities, private sponsors or local authorities, to bring those forced to
flee Ukraine to the UK. There will be no limit on this scheme and those
who come under this scheme will also be granted leave for an initial
period of 12 months and able to work and access public services. For
more information see the Website of UK Government on UK visa support
for Ukrainian nationals.
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
585
third country
BG трета страна
CS třetí země
DE Drittstaat
EL τρίτη χώρα
EN third country
ES tercer país
ET kolmas riik
Definition(s)
A country that is not a member of the European Union
as well as a country or territory whose citizens do not
enjoy the European Union right to free movement,
as defined in Art. 2(5) of the Regulation (EU) 2016/399
(Schengen Borders Code).
Source(s)
FI kolmas maa
Derived by EMN from the description of ‘free movement
of citizens’ on the website of Eurofound
FR pays tiers
Narrower term(s)
HR treća zemlja
safe third country
third-country national
HU harmadik ország
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
GA tríú tír
IT paese terzo
LT trečioji šalis
LV trešā valsts
15.1 EU External dimension of migration and mobility
Euro Voc Classification
04 Politics| 2811 migration
MT Pajjiż terz
NL derde land
PL kraj trzeci
PT país terceiro
RO ţară / stat terţ
SK tretia krajina
SL tretja država
SV tredjeland
NO tredjeland
KA მესამე ქვეყანა
UK третя країна
HY
586
երրորդ երկիր
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
third-country national
BG гражданин на трета страна
CS státní příslušník třetí země
EL πολίτης τρίτης χώρας (EL); υπήκοος τρίτης χώρας (CY)
ES nacional de tercer país
ET kolmanda riigi kodanik
FI kolmannen maan kansalainen
FR ressortissant d’un pays tiers; ressortissant de pays
tiers (LU); ressortissants de pays tiers (plural)
GA náisiúnach tríú tír
HR državljanin treće zemlje
HU harmadik országbeli állampolgár
D
Definition(s)
DE Drittstaatsangehöriger
EN third-country national
C
Any person who is not a citizen of the European Union
within the meaning of Art. 20(1) of TFEU and who is not
a person enjoying the European Union right to free
movement, as defined in Art. 2(5) of the Regulation (EU)
2016/399 (Schengen Borders Code).
Source(s)
Art. 3(1) of Directive 2008/115/EC (Return Directive) and
Art. 2(6) of Regulation (EU) 2016/399 (Schengen
Borders Code)
Synonym(s)
TCN
E
F
G
H
I
J
Broader term(s)
IT cittadino di un paese terzo
non-EU national
third country
K
LT trečiosios šalies pilietis
Narrower term(s)
LV trešās valsts valstspiederīgais
third-country national found to be illegally present
L
MT Ċittadin(a) ta’ pajjiż terz
Related term(s)
M
NL onderdaan van een derde land / derdelander
PL obywatel kraju trzeciego
PT nacional de país terceiro
RO resortisant al unei ţări terţe
SK štátny príslušník tretej krajiny (ŠPTK)
SL državljan tretje države
SV tredjelandsmedborgare
NO tredjelandsborger (b); tredjelandsborgar (n)
KA მესამე ქვეყნის მოქალაქე
UK громадянин третьої країни
HY
երրորդ երկրի քաղաքացի
alien
union citizen
N
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
O
15.1 EU External dimension of migration and mobility
Euro Voc Classification
1011 European Union law| 2811 migration
P
Note(s)
Q
1. According to this definition, nationals of NO, IS, LI and CH are not
considered to be third-country nationals. This is also consistent with Art.
2(6) of Regulation (EU) 2016/399 (Schengen Borders Code) .
2. The Regulation (EC) No 862/2007 (Migration Statistics Regulation) has
a slightly different definition for a third-country national, which considers
nationals of NO, IS, LI and CH as third-country nationals. This definition is
also applied in Council Directive 2009/50/EC (Blue Card Directive), Directive 2003/86/EC (Family Reunification Directive), Directive 2003/109/EC
(Long Term Residents Directive) and Directive (EU) 2016/801 (Recast
Students Directive). This definition was considered to be too narrow for
use by the EMN.
3. Nationals of Micro-States (Monaco, San Marino, Vatican City) are
treated as third-country nationals since, although there are no border
controls, there is no formal agreement for them to be ‹beneficiaries of
the free movement of persons› as defined in Union acquis. This also
means that they cannot be part of the Schengen Agreement.
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
587
threat to public health
BG
CS ohrožení veřejného zdraví
Definition(s)
ES amenaza para la salud pública
In the EU migration context, any disease with
epidemic potential as defined by the International Health
Regulations of the World Health Organization and other
infectious diseases or contagious parasitic diseases if
they are the subject of protection provisions applying to
nationals of the EU Member States.
ET oht rahvatervisele
Source(s)
DE Gefahr für die öffentliche Gesundheit
EL απειλή για τη δημόσια υγεία
EN threat to public health
FI kansanterveyteen kohdistuva uhka
FR menace pour la santé publique
GA bagairt ar shláinte phoiblí
HR opasnost za javno zdravlje
HU közegészségügyi veszély
IT
LT grėsmė visuomenės sveikatai
LV sabiedrības veselības apdraudējums
MT Theddida għas-saħħa pubblika
NL gevaar voor de volksgezondheid
PL zagrożenie zdrowia publicznego
PT ameaça à saúde pública
RO
Art.2 (21) of Regulation (EU) 2016/399 (Schengen
Borders Code)
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
14.3 Social factors and impacts (such as changes in
demographics, age, education level, diversity)
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration| 2841 health
Note(s)
The World Health Organization (WHO) mentions as health challenges
e.g. outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases like measles and
diphtheria, increasing reports of drug-resistant pathogens, growing rates
of obesity and physical inactivity to the health impacts of environmental
pollution and climate change and multiple humanitarian crises, for further
information see: WHO: Ten threats to global health in 2019, 21 March
2019.
SK ohrozenie verejného zdravia
SL grožnja javnemu zdravju
SV hot mot folkhälsan
NO trussel mot folkehelsen(b); trussel mot folkehelsa(n)
KA საზოგადოებრივ ჯანმრთელობასთან
დაკავშირებული საფრთხე
UK загроза здоров’ю населення
HY
588
հանրային առողջությանը սպառնալիք
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
torture
BG изтезания
CS mučení
DE Folter
EL βασανιστήρια
EN torture
ES tortura
ET piinamine
FI kidutus
FR torture
GA céasadh
HR mučenje
HU kínzás
IT tortura
LT kankinimas
C
D
Definition(s)
Any act by which severe pain or suffering, whether
physical or mental, is intentionally inflicted on a person
for such purposes as obtaining from them or a third
person information or a confession, punishing them
for an act they or a third person has committed or
is suspected of having committed, or intimidating
or coercing them or a third person, or for any reason
based on discrimination of any kind, when such pain or
suffering is inflicted by or at the instigation of or with
the consent or acquiescence of a public official or other
person acting in an official capacity.
In the context of the case law of the European Court of
Human Rights, deliberate inhuman treatment causing
very serious and cruel suffering.
E
Source(s)
K
PL tortury
Global context: Art. 1 of UN Convention against Torture
and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or
Punishment
Context of the ECHR: ECtHR: Case of Ireland v. United
Kingdom, Judgment of 18 January 1978, A 25, para.
167.
PT tortura
Related term(s)
LV spīdzināšana
MT Tortura
NL foltering
SK mučenie
serious harm
vulnerable person
SL mučenje
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
RO tortură
SV tortyr
NO tortur
KA წამება
UK катування
HY
խոշտանգում
G
H
I
J
L
M
N
O
P
1. Framework Concepts on Migration (including root
causes of migration
Q
Euro Voc Classification
1236 rights and freedoms
R
Note(s)
1. The term does not include pain or suffering arising only from, inherent in
or incidental to lawful sanctions.
2.The right to freedom from torture is enshrined in many international
treaties, most notably the International Covenant on Civil and Political
Rights (ICCPR) and the UN Convention against Torture (UNCAT). The
acceptance that torture is forbidden under any circumstances, including
war, public emergency or terrorist threat, indicates that universally it is
considered as a fundamental principle of customary international law.
This means that even States that have not ratified any of the
international treaties explicitly prohibiting torture are banned from using it
against anyone, anywhere, under any circumstances.
3. Regional conventions, such as the European Convention on Human
Rights (ECHR) in Art. 3 and the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the
European Union in Art. 4, also recognise torture as a prohibited act.
4. Both the UNCAT and the Geneva Refugee Convention and
Protocol expressly prohibit the forced return of an asylum seeker to a
country where they may be at risk of torture.
5. In the EU, Art. 21 of Directive 2013/33/EU (Recast Reception Conditions
Directive) explicitly considers the situation of vulnerable asylum seekers
with special needs, including victims of torture. EU Member States are
obliged to identify victims of torture within the asylum procedure and to
assess whether they have special reception needs, including the need to
access appropriate medical and psychological treatment or care.
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
F
589
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
total migration
BG общ размер на миграцията
CS celková migrace
Definition(s)
DE Wanderungsvolumen
The sum of the immigrations and emigrations which
yields the total volume of migration.
EL συνολική μετανάστευση
Source(s)
EN total migration
ES migración total
ET rände koguarv
FI kokonaismuutto
FR volume migratoire
GA imirce iomlán
HR ukupna (bruto) migracija
HU teljes migráció
IT migrazione totale
Towards Harmonised European Statistics on
International Migration (THESIM) project
Related term(s)
crude rate of net migration
migration flow
net migration
population stock
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration
LT bendra migracija
LV migrācijas apjoms / bruto migrācija
MT Migrazzjoni totali
NL totale migratie
PL migracja (brutto)
PT migração bruta
RO migraţie totală
SK celková migrácia
SL skupne migracije
SV bruttomigration
NO samlet migrasjon (b); samla migrasjon (n)
KA მიგრაციის მთლიანი მოცულობა
UK загальна міграція
HY
590
գումարային միգրացիա
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
trafficking in human beings
BG трафик на хора
CS obchodování s lidmi
DE Menschenhandel
EL εμπορία ανθρώπων (EL); εμπορία προσώπων (CY)
EN trafficking in human beings
ES trata de seres humanos
ET inimkaubandus
FI ihmiskauppa
FR traite des êtres humains
GA gáinneáil i ndaoine
HR trgovanje ljudima
HU emberkereskedelem
IT tratta di esseri umani
LT prekyba žmonėmis
C
D
Definition(s)
The recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or
reception of persons, including the exchange or transfer
of control over those persons, by means of the threat
or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction,
of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a
position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of
payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person
having control over another person, for the purpose of
exploitation.
E
Source(s)
I
Synonym(s)
J
Narrower term(s)
K
Art. 2 of Directive 2011/36/EU (Trafficking Directive)
human trafficking
LV cilvēku tirdzniecība
detection of a victim of trafficking in human beings
identification of a victim of trafficking in human beings
MT Traffikar ta’ persuni
Related term(s)
PT tráfico de seres humanos
exploitation
national referral mechanism
Palermo Protocol
RO trafic de fiinţe umane
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
NL mensenhandel
PL handel ludźmi
SK obchodovanie s ľuďmi
SL trgovina z ljudmi
SV människohandel
NO menneskehandel
KA ადამიანით ვაჭრობა (ტრეფიკინგი)
UK торгівля людьми
HY
մարդկանց թրաֆիքինգ
F
G
H
L
M
N
O
13.2 Trafficking in human beings
Euro Voc Classification
1236 rights and freedoms| 2811 migration
P
Note(s)
Q
1. A position of vulnerability means a situation in which the person
concerned has no real or acceptable alternative but to submit to the
abuse involved.
2. Exploitation includes, as a minimum, the exploitation of the prostitution
of others or other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labour or services,
including begging, slavery or practices similar to slavery, servitude, or the
exploitation of criminal activities, or the removal of organs.
3. The EU anti-trafficking website provides a one-stop-shop for
practitioners and the public interested in the problem of trafficking.
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
591
trainee
BG стажант
CS stážista
DE Auszubildender
EL εκπαιδευόμενος
EN trainee
ES persona en prácticas
ET praktikant
FI harjoittelija
FR stagiaire
GA duine faoi oiliúint
HR pripravnik
HU gyakornok
IT tirocinante / apprendista
LT stažuotojas
LV stažieris
MT Persuna titħarreġ / fuq taħriġ
Definition(s)
In the EU migration context, a worker whose presence
in the territory of an EU Member State is strictly limited
in duration and closely connected with increasing their
skills and qualifications in their chosen profession before
returning to their own countries to pursue their careers.
Source(s)
Council Resolution of 20 June 1994 on limitation on
admission of third-country nationals to the territory of
the Member States for employment
Narrower term(s)
remunerated trainee
unremunerated trainee
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
3.1 Migration for Economic Purposes
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration| 4406 employment
NL stagiair
PL stażysta
PT estagiário / formando
RO stagiar
SK stážista
SL pripravnik
SV praktikant
NO praktikant
KA სტაჟიორი
UK стажер
HY
592
փորձնակ (պրակտիկանտ)
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
transfer notification
BG уведомление за прехвърляне
CS oznámení o transferu/přemístění
DE Überstellungsmitteilung
EL ειδοποίηση μεταφοράς
EN transfer notification
ES notificación de traslado
ET üleandmise teavitus
FI siirtoa koskeva ennakkoilmoitus
FR notification de transfert
C
D
Definition(s)
E
In the context of the Dublin Regulation, the official
communication by the competent authority of the
requesting (EU) Member State to an applicant for
international protection, informing them, in a
timely manner and in a language that the applicant
understands, about a decision to transfer them to the
(EU) Member State responsible for examining their
application.
F
G
H
Source(s)
HR obavijest o transferu
Derived by EMN from EASO: Guidance on the Dublin
procedure: operational standards and indicators 2020,
p. 39
HU átadásról szóló értesítés
Broader term(s)
GA fógra aistrithe
IT Notifica della decisione di trasferimento
Dublin transfer
LT pranešimas apie perdavimą
Related term(s)
LV paziņojums par pārsūtīšanu
MT notifika ta’ trasferiment
NL kennisgeving van overdracht
J
K
take back request
take charge request
L
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
M
Euro Voc Classification
N
PL powiadomienie o przekazaniu
6.2.2 Dublin Procedure
PT notificação de transferência ao abrigo do
Regulamento de Dublin
1011 European Union law| 2811 migration
O
RO notificare de transfer
SK oznámenie o odovzdaní
P
SL obvestilo o predaji
SV meddelande om överföring
Q
NO overføringsvarsel
KA შეტყობინება გადაყვანის შესახებ
R
UK повідомлення про трансфер
HY
I
S
տեղափոխման ծանուցում
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
593
transfer order
BG заповед за прехвърляне
CS rozhodnutí o transferu /rozhodnutí o přemístění
DE Überstellungsanordnung
EL εντολή μεταφοράς (EL); απόφαση μεταφοράς (CY)
EN transfer order
ES orden de traslado
ET üleandmise otsus (no usual translation)
Definition(s)
The formal obligation of an applicant for international
protection to leave an EU Member State and, within
a specified period, go to the designated EU Member
State responsible for examining their application for
international protection.
Source(s)
FI siirtomääräys
Derived by EMN from Regulation (EU) No 604/2013
(Dublin III Regulation)
FR obligation de transfert
Broader term(s)
GA ordú um aistriú
Dublin transfer
HR odluka o transferu
Related term(s)
HU átadást elrendelő határozat vagy végzés
IT ordine di trasferimento
Dublin Convention
Dublin Regulation
LT nurodymas perduoti
LV lēmums par patvēruma meklētāja pārsūtīšanu
MT Ordni ta’ trasferiment
NL overdrachtsbevel
PL decyzja o przekazaniu
PT decisão de transferência
RO ordin de transfer
SK príkaz na presun / príkaz na transfer
SL nalog za transfer
SV beslut om överföring
NO overføringsvedtak
KA ბრძანება გადაყვანის შესახებ
UK наказ про трансфер
HY
594
տեղափոխման որոշում
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
transit
BG транзит
CS tranzit
C
D
Definition(s)
ES tránsito
In the context of migration, passage through a country
of transit of a third-country national travelling from
their country of origin to an EU Member State.
In the context of a visas, passage through (a) EU
Member State(s) of a third-country national travelling
from one third country to another third country.
ET läbisõit / transiit
Source(s)
DE Durchreise / Transit
EL διέλευση
EN transit
FI kauttakulku
FR transit
GA idirthuras
HR tranzit
HU tranzit
IT transito
LT tranzitas
LV tranzīts
Context of migration: Developed by EMN
Context of a visa: Derived by EMN from definition for
‘transit visa’ in Common Consular Instructions on visas
(2005/C 326/01)
F
G
H
I
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
J
Euro Voc Classification
K
6.1.2 Visa policy
2811 migration
L
MT Transitu
M
NL transit / doorreis
PL tranzyt
N
PT trânsito
RO tranzit
O
SK tranzit
SL tranzit
P
SV transit
NO transitt
Q
KA ტრანზიტი
R
UK транзит
HY
E
տարանցում
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
595
travel document
BG документ за пътуване
CS cestovní doklad
DE Reisedokument
EL ταξιδιωτικό έγγραφο
EN travel document
ES documento de viaje
ET reisidokument
FI matkustusasiakirja
FR document de voyage
GA doiciméad taistil
HR putna isprava
HU úti okmány
IT documento di viaggio
LT kelionės dokumentas
LV ceļošanas dokuments
Definition(s)
A document issued by a government or international
treaty organisation which is acceptable proof of identity
for the purpose of entering another country.
Source(s)
Derived by EMN from IOM Glossary on Migration, 2nd
ed., 2011
Narrower term(s)
visa
Related term(s)
fraudulent travel or identity document
residence document
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
6.1 Entry Conditions and Procedures
Euro Voc Classification
1231 international law| 2811 migration
MT Dokument tal-ivvjaġġar
NL reisdocument
PL dokument podróży
PT documento de viagem
RO document de călătorie
Note(s)
1. Passports and visas are the most widely used forms of travel
documents.
2. Some States also accept certain identity cards or other documents,
such as residence permits.
SK cestovný doklad
SL potna listina / potovalni dokument
SV resehandling
NO reisedokument
KA სამგზავრო დოკუმენტი
UK проїзний документ
HY
596
ճամփորդական փաստաթուղթ
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
unaccompanied minor
BG непридружен непълнолетен
C
D
Definition(s)
CS nezletilý bez doprovodu
FI ilman huoltajaa oleva alaikäinen
A minor
who arrives on the territory of an EU Member State
unaccompanied by the adult responsible for them
by law or by the practice of the EU Member State
concerned, and for as long as they are not effectively
taken into the care of such a person; or
- who is left unaccompanied after they have entered the
territory of the EU Member State.
FR mineur non accompagné
Source(s)
DE unbegleiteter Minderjähriger / UMF
EL ασυνόδευτος ανήλικος
EN unaccompanied minor
ES menor no acompañado (MENA)
ET saatjata alaealine
HR maloljetnik bez pratnje
IT minore non accompagnato
LT nelydimas nepilnametis
LV nepilngadīgais bez pavadības / nepilngadīga persona
bez pavadības
MT Minorenni mhux akkumpanjat
NL alleenstaande minderjarige vreemdeling / nietbegeleide minderjarige (BE)
PL małoletni bez opieki
PT menor não acompanhado
RO minor neînsoţit
SK maloletý bez sprievodu
SL mladoletnik brez spremstva
SV ensamkommande barn
NO enslig mindreårig (b); einsleg mindreårig (n)
KA თანმხლები პირის გარეშე მყოფი
არასრულწლოვანი
UK неповнолітній без супроводу
HY
առանց ուղեկցության անչափահաս
G
H
J
Synonym(s)
HU kísérő nélküli kiskorú
F
I
Art. 2(l) of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification
Directive)
GA mionaoiseach neamhthionlactha
E
UAM
unaccompanied and separated child
UASC
K
L
Broader term(s)
separated child
M
Related term(s)
representative
vulnerable person
N
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
7.2 Minors and unaccompanied minors
O
Euro Voc Classification
P
2806 family| 2811 migration
Q
Note(s)
1.There are significant differences between EU Member States with
respect to national definitions and recording practices, for instance with
regard to the age limit to be considered and whether or not they are
unaccompanied.
2. In some (EU Member) States, statistics include all those who claim they
are unaccompanied minors (i.e. before an age assessment has confirmed
this), whereas other (Member) States only count those recognised as such
by a competent authority (i.e. following an age assessment).
3. For further information, see EMN: Policies on Reception, Return and Integration Arrangements for, and numbers of, Unaccompanied Minors -an EU
comparative study, 2010. An update of this 2009 study was published in
2015 entitled ‘Policies, practices and data on unaccompanied minors in
EU Member States and Norway.
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
597
unfounded application for
international protection
BG неоснователна молба за международна закрила
CS nedůvodná žádost o mezinárodní ochranu
DE unbegründeter Antrag auf internationalen Schutz
EL αβάσιμη αίτηση για διεθνή προστασία
EN unfounded application for international protection
ES solicitud infundada de protección internacional
ET põhjendamatu rahvusvahelise kaitse taotlus
FI perusteeton kansainvälistä suojelua koskeva
hakemus
FR demande de protection internationale infondée
GA iarratas gan bhunús ar chosaint idirnáisiúnta
HR neosnovan zahtjev za međunarodnu zaštitu
HU megalapozatlan nemzetközi védelem iránti kérelem
IT domanda infondata per il riconoscimento della
protezione internazionale
LT nepagrįstas tarptautinės apsaugos prašymas (EU
acquis); nepagrįstas prašymas suteikti prieglobstį
LV nepamatots starptautiskās aizsardzības pieteikums
MT Applikazzjoni / Talba bla bażi għall-protezzjoni
internazzjonali
NL ongegrond verzoek om internationale bescherming
PL bezzasadny wniosek o udzielenie ochrony
międzynarodowej
Definition(s)
An application for international application which
the determining authority has established as
unfounded because the applicant does not qualify
for international protection pursuant to Directive
2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive) .
Source(s)
Art. 32 of Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum
Procedures Directive)
Broader term(s)
application for international protection
Narrower term(s)
manifestly unfounded application for international
protection
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
4.1 International protection| 6.2.3 First Instance
(Administrative) determination procedure
Euro Voc Classification
1011 European Union law| 2811 migration
Note(s)
EU Member States may also consider an application to be manifestly
unfounded because of the existence of circumstances listed in Art. 31(8)
of Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Procedures Directive).
PT pedido de proteção internacional infundado
RO cerere nefondată de protecţie intrnaţională
SK neopodstatnená žiadosť o medzinárodnú ochranu /
neopodstatnená žiadosť o udelenie medzinárodnej
ochrany
SL neutemeljena prošnja za mednarodno zaščito
SV ogrundad ansökan om internationellt skydd
NO grunnløs søknad om internasjonal beskyttelse (b);
grunnlaus søknad om internasjonalt vern (n)
KA დაუსაბუთებელი განცხადება საერთაშორისო
დაცვის მოთხოვნის შესახებ
UK необґрунтована заява про надання міжнародного
захисту
HY
598
միջազգային պաշտպանության անհիմն դիմում
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
Union acquis
C
BG достижения на правото на Съюза
D
Definition(s)
CS unijní acquis / právo Evropské unie
E
MT acquis tal-Unjoni
The constantly evolving body of common rights and
obligations, which is binding for all EU Member States
and which comprises:
- the content, objectives, principles, rights and
obligations contained in the Treaties of the European
Union and all laws and decisions adopted under them
since the Communities were established;
- the case law of the Court of Justice of the
European Union (CJEU);
- declarations and resolutions adopted by the European
Union;
- instruments under the Common Foreign and Security
Policy;
- instruments under Justice and Home Affairs;
- international agreements concluded by the European
Union and those entered into by its Member States
among themselves within the sphere of the Union’s
activities.
NL acquis van de Unie / Unie-acquis
Source(s)
M
DE Besitzstand der Union / EU-Acquis
EL κεκτημένο της ΕΕ
EN Union acquis
ES acervo de la Unión
ET Euroopa Liidu õigustik/ liidu acquis
FI Unionin säännöstö
FR acquis de l’Union
GA acquis an Aontais
HR acquis Unije / pravna stečevina Europske unije
HU uniós vívmányok
IT acquis dell’Unione
LT Sąjungos acquis
LV Savienības acquis
Description of the Union acquis on the website of DG
Migration and Home Affairs
PL acquis unijne
PT Acervo da União
G
H
I
J
K
L
N
Synonym(s)
RO Acquis al Uniunii / Acquis-ul Uniunii
F
O
SK acquis Únie / acquis EÚ / právo Európskej únie / právo
EÚ / súbor právnych predpisov EÚ
acquis
EU acquis
SL pravni red Unije
Narrower term(s)
P
Euro Voc Classification
Q
SV unionens regelverk
NO EU-rettsregler (b); EU-rettsreglar (n)
KA ევროკავშირის კანონმდებლობა
UK acquis Союзу
HY
Եվրոպական Միության օրենսդրություն
asylum acquis
1011 European Union law
R
Note(s)
The term is used in the context of asylum and migration and refers to all
rights and obligations that are binding on EU Member States with regard
to asylum and migration.
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
599
union citizen
BG гражданин на ЕС
CS občan Evropské unie
Definition(s)
DE Unionsbürger / EU-Bürger
Any person having the citizenship of an EU Member
State.
EL πολίτης της Ένωσης
Source(s)
EN union citizen
Art. 20 (1) of Treaty of the Functioning of the EU (TFEU)
ES ciudadano de la Unión
Synonym(s)
ET liidu kodanik
EU citizen
FI unionin kansalainen
Broader term(s)
FR citoyen de l’Union européenne
citizenship
GA saoránach den Aontas
Related term(s)
HR građanin Europske unije
HU uniós polgár
IT cittadino dell’Unione
LT Sąjungos pilietis
LV Savienības pilsonis
MT Ċittadin(a) tal-Unjoni
NL burger van de Unie
non-EU national
third-country national
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
1. Framework Concepts on Migration (including root
causes of migration
Euro Voc Classification
1011 European Union law| 1236 rights and freedoms
PL obywatel Unii
PT cidadão da União Europeia
RO Cetăţean al Uniunii (Europene)
SK občan EÚ
SL državljan Unije
SV unionsmedborgare
NO unionsborger (b); unionsborgar (n)
KA ევროკავშირის მოქალაქე
UK громадянин ЄС
HY
600
Եվրոպական Միության քաղաքացի
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
union preference
BG преференции на ЕС
CS zásada upřednostňování pracovníků ze zemí EU
DE Unionspräferenz
EL Ενωσιακή προτίμηση
EN union preference
ES Preferencia de la Unión Europea
ET liidu eelistamine
FI unionin etuuskohtelu
FR préférence de l’Union
GA tús áite do shaoránaigh de chuid an Aontais
HR prednost Unije
HU uniós preferencia
IT preferenza comunitaria
LT bendrijos pirmumo principas
LV Savienības priekšrocības princips
MT Preferenza Kommunitarja
NL Unie preferentie
PL preferencja unijna
PT preferência da União Europeia
C
D
Definition(s)
The preference given by an EU Member State to workers
who are nationals of other EU Member States over
workers who are nationals of third countries in regard to
access to their labour market.
E
Source(s)
G
Derived by EMN from Act of Accession 2005 (Annexes
VI, Art. 14 and VII, Art. 14 to Art. 20 of the Protocol
concerning the conditions and arrangements for
admission of the Republics of Bulgaria and Romania to
the European Union)
Synonym(s)
H
I
J
Community preference
Narrower term(s)
K
labour market test
Euro Voc Classification
1011 European Union law| 4406 employment
L
Note(s)
M
Before the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty, the term ‘community
preference’ was the preferred term to use.
N
RO preferință pentru Uniune
O
SK zásada uprednostňovania občanov Únie / únijná
preferencia
P
SL prednostna obravnava državljanov Unije
SV unionsföreträde
Q
NO fortrinn for borgere av EU/EFTA-land (b); fortrinn for
borgarar av EU/EFTA-land (n)
R
KA ევროკავშირის პრეფერენცია
UK преференції ЄС
HY
F
S
Եվրոպական Միության նախընտրություն
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
601
United Nations Convention on the
Rights of the Child (UNCRC)
BG Конвенцията на ООН за правата на детето
CS Úmluva OSN o právech dítěte
DE Übereinkommen der Vereinten Nationen über die
Rechte des Kindes / Internationale
Kinderrechtskonvention
EL Σύμβαση των Ηνωμένων Εθνών για
τα Δικαιώματα του Παιδιού
EN United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child
(UNCRC)
ES Convención de las Naciones Unidas sobre los
Derechos del niño
Definition(s)
An international human rights treaty setting out the civil,
political, economic, social and cultural rights of children.
Source(s)
Derived by EMN from the Website of the United Nations
Convention on the Rights of the Child
Synonym(s)
Convention on the Rights of the Child
CRC
UNCRC
ET Ühinenud Rahvaste Organi-satsiooni lapse õiguste
kon-ventsioon
Broader term(s)
FI YK:n lapsen oikeuksien sopimus
Related term(s)
FR Convention des Nations Unies relative aux droits de
l’enfant
GA Coinbhinsiún na Náisiún Aontaithe um Chearta an
Linbh
HR UN-ova Konvencija o pravima djeteta (UNCRC)
HU a gyermek jogairól szóló ENSZ Egyezmény
IT Convenzione delle Nazioni Unite sui diritti
dell’infanzia e dell’adolescenza
LT Jungtinių Tautų Vaiko teisių konvencija
LV Apvienoto Nāciju Organizācijas Bērnu tiesību
konvencija
MT Konvenzjoni (Il-) tan-Nazzjonijiet Uniti fuq id-Drittijiet
tat-Tfal
NL Verdrag van de Verenigde Naties inzake de rechten
van het kind
PL Konwencja ONZ o prawach dziecka
PT Convenção das Nações Unidas sobre os Direitos da
Criança
RO Convenția Organizației Națiunilor Unite cu privire la
drepturile copilului (CDC)
SK Dohovor OSN o právach dieťaťa (UNCRC)
SL Konvencija Združenih narodov o pravicah otrok
child
best interests of the child (BIC)
fundamental rights
human rights
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
7.2 Minors and unaccompanied minors
Euro Voc Classification
1231 international law| 2806 family
Note(s)
1. The Convention on the Rights of the Child was adopted on 20
November 1989. The first international legally binding text recognizing all
the fundamental rights of the child embodies four general principles:
the best interests of the child (BIC) shall be a primary consideration
in all actions affecting children (Art.3).
there shall be no discrimination on the grounds of race, colour, sex,
language, religion, political or other opinions, national, ethnic or social
origin, property, disability, birth or other status (Art.2).
States Parties recognize that every child has the inherent right to life
and shall ensure to the maximum extent possible the survival and
development of the child (Art. 6).
children shall be assured the right to express their views freely in all
matters affecting them, their views being given due weight in
accordance with the child’s age and level of maturity (Art. 12)
2. In addition to these four principles, the CRC provides for a number of
fundamental rights which include, inter alia, the need for protection from
abuse, exploitation and neglect, and the importance of the physical and
intellectual development of the ch
SV FN:s konvention om barnets rättigheter
NO FNs barnekonvensjon
KA გაეროს ბავშვის უფლებათა კონვენცია
(UNCRC)
UK Конвенція ООН про права дитини (UNCRC)
HY
602
Միացյալ Ազգերի Կազմակերպության Երեխայի
Իրավունքների Կոնվենցիա
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
United Nations High Commissioner
for Refugees (UNHCR)
BG Върховен комисар на ООН за бежанците
A
B
C
D
Definition(s)
CS Úřad Vysokého komisaře OSN pro uprchlíky
DE Hoher Flüchtlingskommissar der Vereinten Nationen
EL Ύπατης Αρμοστεία των Ηνωμένων Εθνών για τους
Πρόσφυγες (ΥΑ του ΟΗΕ για τους Πρόσφυγες)
EN United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
(UNHCR)
The refugee agency of the United Nations (UN)
mandated to lead and coordinate international action
to protect refugees and resolve refugee problems
worldwide, and to safeguard the rights and well-being
of refugees.
Source(s)
ES Alto Comisionado de las Naciones Unidas para los
Refugiados
Website of UNHCR
ET ÜRO pagulaste ülemvolinik
UNHCR
FI Yhdistyneiden kansakuntien pakolaisasiain
päävaltuutettu
Related term(s)
GA Ard-Choimisinéir na Náisiún Aontaithe do
Dhídeanaithe
HR Visoki povjerenik Ujedinjenih naroda za izbjeglice
IT Alto Commissariato delle Nazioni Unite per i Rifugiati
LT Jungtinių Tautų Vyriausiasis pabėgėlių komisaras
LV Apvienoto Nāciju Organizācijas Augstais komisārs
bēgļu jautājumos
Geneva Refugee Convention and Protocol
International Organization for Migration (IOM)
international protection
refugee law
J
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
L
Euro Voc Classification
M
K
1231 international law| 2811 migration
N
Note(s)
MT Kummissjoni (Il-) Għolja għar-Rifuġjati
tan‑Nazzjonijiet Uniti
NL Hoog Commissariaat voor de vluchtelingen van de
Verenigde Naties / VN-Vluchtelingenorganisatie
PL Wysoki Komisarz Narodów Zjednoczonych do Spraw
Uchodżców
G
I
4.1.1 Refugee protection
HU Az ENSZ Menekültügyi Főbiztosa
F
H
Synonym(s)
FR Haut-Commissariat des Nations Unies pour les
réfugiés
E
1. The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees was
established on 14 December 1950 by the UN General Assembly.
2. The Geneva Refugee Convention and Protocol is the basic statute
guiding the UNHCR›s work. The functions of the UNHCR are defined in the
Statute of the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees, which
was adopted by the General Assembly on 14 December 1950.
3. For further information, see the website of the UNHCR.
O
P
Q
R
PT Alto Comissariado das Nações Unidas para os
Refugiados
S
RO Înaltul Comisariat al Naţiunilor Unite pentru Refugiaţi
/ Înatul Comisariat ONU pentru Refugiaţi
T
SK Úrad Vysokého komisára OSN pre utečencov
SL Visoki komisariat Združenih narodov za begunce
SV FN:s flyktingkommissariat / FN:s flyktingorgan
U
NO FNs høykommissær for flyktninger (b); FNs
høgkommissær for flyktningar (n)
V
KA გაეროს ლტოლვილთა უმაღლესი კომისრის
W
ოფისი (UNHCR)
UK Управління Верховного комісара ООН у справах
біженців (УВКБ ООН)
HY
X
Միացյալ Ազգերի Կազմակերպության
Փախստականների Հարցերով Գերագույն
Հանձնակատար
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
603
unremunerated trainee
BG стажант без възнаграждение
CS neplacený stážista
DE unbezahlter Auszubildender
EL μη αμειβόμενος εκπαιδευόμενος
EN unremunerated trainee
ES persona en prácticas no remuneradas
Definition(s)
A third-country national who has been admitted to
the territory of an EU Member State for a training period
without remuneration in accordance with its national
legislation.
Source(s)
ET tasustamata praktikant
Art. 2(d) of Directive (EU) 2016/801 (Researchers’
Directive)
FI palkaton harjoittelija
Broader term(s)
FR stagiaire non rémunéré
GA oiliúnaí nach bhfaigheann luach saothair
HR pripravnik bez naknade
trainee
Related term(s)
HU javadalmazásban nem részesülő gyakornok
remunerated trainee
researcher
IT tirocinante non retribuito
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
LT neatlygintinas stažuotojas
3.3 Migration for Study and Research
LV nealgots praktikants / stažieris
Euro Voc Classification
MT Persuna titħarreġ bla ħlas
NL onbezoldigd stagiair
1011 European Union law| 2811 migration| 3206
education
PL stazysta niepobierający wynagrodzenia
PT estagiário / formando não remunerado
RO stagiar neremunerat
SK neplatený stážista
SL neplačani pripravnik
SV oavlönad praktikant
NO ulønnet praktikant (b); ulønt praktikant (n)
KA არაანაზღაურებადი სტაჟიორი
UK неоплачуваний стажер
HY
604
չվճարվող փորձնակ (պրակտիկանտ)
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
usual residence
C
BG обичайно местоживеене
D
Definition(s)
CS obvyklé místo pobytu
ES residencia habitual
The place at which a person normally spends the daily
period of rest, regardless of temporary absences for
purposes of recreation, holiday, visits to friends and
relatives, business, medical treatment or religious
pilgrimage or, in default, the place of legal or registered
residence.
ET alaline elukoht
Source(s)
DE üblicher Aufenthaltsort
EL συνήθης διαμονή
EN usual residence
FR résidence habituelle
GA gnáthchónaí
HU szokásos tartózkodási hely
I
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
J
1. Framework Concepts on Migration (including root
causes of migration
IT dimora abituale
LT nuolatinė gyvenamoji vieta
K
Euro Voc Classification
LV pastāvīgā dzīvesvieta
L
2811 migration
MT Residenza abitwali / tas-soltu
M
NL gewone verblijfplaats / gewoonlijke verblijfplaats (BE)
PL zwyczajowe miejsce pobytu
N
PT residência habitual
RO reședința obișnuită
O
SK obvyklý pobyt
SL običajno prebivališče
P
SV stadigvarande bosättning
NO vanlig bosted (b); vanleg bustad (n)
Q
KA მუდმივი საცხოვრებელი ადგილი
R
UK звичайне місце проживання
HY
G
Synonym(s)
habitual residence
HR uobičajeno boravište
F
H
Art. 2(1)a of Regulation (EC) No 862/2007 (Migration
Statistics Regulation)
FI vakinainen asuinpaikka
E
սովորական կեցություն
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
605
usually resident population
BG обичайно живеещо население
CS obyvatelstvo s obvyklým pobytem
DE Wohnbevölkerung
EL συνήθης διαμένων πληθυσμός
EN usually resident population
Definition(s)
The number of persons who, on a given reference date,
are usually resident in a defined geographical area (e.g.
national, regional or local).
Source(s)
FR population résidente
Derived by EMN from Art. 2(d) of Regulation (EC)
No 763/2008 (Population and Housing Censuses
Regulation) and
Art. 2(1) of Regulation (EC) No 862/2007 (Migration
Statistics Regulation)
GA daonra gnáthchónaitheach
Broader term(s)
ES población residente
ET püsielanikkond
FI vakinaisesti asuva väestö
HR stanovništvo s uobičajenim boravištem
usual residence
HU szokásos tartózkodási hellyel rendelkező népesség
Related term(s)
IT popolazione abitualmente residente
LT nuolatiniai gyventojai
LV pastāvīgie iedzīvotāji
MT Popolazzjoni ta’ residenti abitwali
NL geregistreerde bevolking / werkelijke bevolking
PL populacja rezydentów
PT população residente
RO populația rezidentă obișnuită
SK obyvateľstvo s obvyklým pobytom
SL prebivalstvo z običajnim prebivališčem
SV stadigvarande bosatta
NO fastboende befolkning (b); fastbuande folkesetnad (n)
KA მუდმივი მოსახლეობა
UK постійно проживаюче населення
HY
606
սովորական մշտական բնակչություն
population stock
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
1. Framework Concepts on Migration (including root
causes of migration
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration| 2816 demography and population
Note(s)
1. The ‘number of persons’ includes both nationals and foreigners (and
can include both legally and irregularly residing).
2. In this context, ‘usually resident’ means the place where a person
normally spends the daily period of rest, regardless of temporary
absences for purposes of recreation, holidays, visits to friends and
relatives, business, medical treatment or religious pilgrimage.
3. The following persons alone shall be considered to be usual residents of
the geographical area in question:
a) those who have lived in their place of usual residence for a continuous
period of at least 12 months before the reference date; or
b) those who arrived in their place of usual residence during the 12
months before the reference date with the intention of staying there for at
least one year.
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
verification of identity
BG проверка на самоличността
C
D
Definition(s)
CS ověření totožnosti
DE Identitätsüberprüfung / Identitätsbestätigung /
Überprüfung der Identität / Verifizierung der Identität
The process of comparing sets of data to establish the
validity of a claimed identity of a person (one-to-one
check).
EL επαλήθευση ταυτότητας
Source(s)
FI henkilöllisyyden todentaminen
Art. 3 (1)13) of Regulation (EU) 2017/2226 (Entry/Exit
System (EES)-Regulation) and
Art. 4 (5) of Regulation 2019/817 (Regulation on
interoperability between EU information systems in the
field of borders and visa)
FR vérification de l’identité
Broader term(s)
EN verification of identity
ES verificación de la identidad
ET isikusamasuse kontrollimine
GA fíorú aitheantais
HR provjera idnetiteta/verifikacija identiteta
HU személyazonosság ellenőrzése
IT verifica dell’identità
LT tapatybės nustatymas
LV identitātes pārbaude
MT Verifika tal-identità
NL verificatie van de identiteit
PL weryfikacja tożsamości
PT verificação da identidade
RO
SK overenie totožnosti; overovanie totožnosti
establishment of identity
F
G
H
I
J
Related term(s)
identification
K
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
6.3.2. Establishment of identity of applicants for
international protection (incl. examination of documents,
language analysis, age assessment)
Euro Voc Classification
2811 migration
L
M
N
Note(s)
O
For further information see: EMN Inform on processing biometric data,
2023.
P
SL preverjanje identitete
SV verifiering av identitet
Q
NO verifisering av identitet
KA ვინაობის დადასტურება
R
UK підтвердження особи
HY
E
S
ինքնության հաստատում
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
607
victimisation
BG виктимизация
CS viktimizace
DE Viktimisierung
EL θυματοποίηση
EN victimisation
ES victimización
ET ohvristamine
FI uhriutuminen
FR victimisation
GA íospairt
Definition(s)
Adverse treatment or adverse consequence as a reaction
to a complaint or to proceedings aimed at enforcing
compliance with the principle of equal treatment.
Source(s)
Art. 9 of Council Directive 2000/43/EC (Racial Equality
Directive)
Related term(s)
principle of equal treatment
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
HR viktimizacija
1. Framework Concepts on Migration (including root
causes of migration
HU viktimizáció
Euro Voc Classification
IT vittimizzazione
1011 European Union law| 1236 rights and freedoms
LT persekiojimas
LV viktimizācija
MT Vittimizzazzjoni
NL represailles / victimisatie (in judicial practice)
PL wiktymizacja
PT vitimização
RO victimizare
SK viktimizácia
SL viktimizacija
SV repressalier
NO represalier (b); represaliar (n)
KA მსხვერპლად ქცევა (ვიქტიმიზაცია)
UK віктимізація
HY
608
զոհի վիճակում հայտնվել
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
visa
BG виза
CS vízum
C
ET viisa
In the global context, the authorisation or decision of
a State required for admission, transit through, entry
of aliens for an intended stay or exit from the State.
In the Schengen context, the authorisation or decision
of a Schengen State required for transit or entry for
an intended stay in that Schengen State or in several
Schengen States.
FI viisumi
Source(s)
DE Visum
EL θεώρηση εισόδου
EN visa
ES visado
D
Definition(s)
E
F
G
H
IT visto
Global context: Derived by EMN from Art. 2(m)
of Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 (Dublin III Regulation)
and
IOM Glossary on Migration, 2019.
Schengen context: Derived by EMN from Art. 2(m)
of Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 (Dublin III Regulation)
LT viza
Broader term(s)
FR visa
GA víosa
HR viza
HU vízum
LV vīza
travel document
MT Viża
Narrower term(s)
NL visum
PL wiza
PT visto
RO viză
SK vízum
SL vizum
SV visering
K
L
M
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
P
NO visum
KA ვიზა
Euro Voc Classification
HY
J
airport transit visa
long-stay visa
short-stay visa
Visa Code
visa facilitation agreement
Visa Information System (VIS)
6.1 Entry Conditions and Procedures| 6.1.1 Border
control| 6.1.2 Visa policy| 6.1.3 Schengen governance
UK віза
I
N
O
Q
1011 European Union law
R
Note(s)
S
մուտք արտոնագիր (վիզա)
1. The European Union has established with the Visa Code a common visa
policy. The Visa Code defines in Art. 2(2) a short-stay visa as the usual
form of visa, without explicitly designating it as such. It allows for transit
through or intended stays in the territory of a Schengen State of no more
than 90 days in any 180 days period and for transit through the
international transit areas of airports of the Schengen States. Visas for
visits exceeding that period re-main subject to national procedures.
2. The Schengen visa is the most common visa for Europe, it is a
short-stay visa allowing a person to travel to any Member State of the
Schengen Area, per stay up to 90 days, inter alia, for tourism or business
purposes.It enables its holder to enter, freely travel within, and leave the
Schengen zone from any of the Schengen member countries. There are
no border controls within the Schengen Zone.
3. Citizens from some non-EU countries are required to hold a visa when
travelling to the Schengen Area. The EU has a common list of countries
whose citizens must have a visa when crossing the external EU
borders and a list of countries whose citizens are exempt from that
requirement. These lists are set out in Regulation (EU) 2018/1806.
4. For more information see the Visa Policy Webpage of DG Migration and
Home Affairs.
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
609
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
Visa Code
BG Визов кодекс
CS vízový kodex
DE Visakodex
EL Κώδικας Θεωρήσεων
EN Visa Code
ES Código de visados
ET viisaeeskiri
FI viisumisäännöstö
FR code des visas
GA an cód le haghaidh Víosaí
HR Zakonik o vizama
HU Vízumkódex
Definition(s)
Regulation outlining the procedures and conditions for
issuing visas for transit through or intended stays in the
territory of the Schengen Member States not exceeding
three months in any six-month period.
Source(s)
Art. 1(1) of Regulation (EC) No 810/2009 (Visa Code)
Synonym(s)
Schengen Visa Code
Broader term(s)
visa
Related term(s)
IT Codice dei visti
visa facilitation agreement
Visa Information System (VIS)
LT Vizų kodeksas
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
LV Vīzu kodekss
MT Kodiċi dwar il-viżi
6.1 Entry Conditions and Procedures| 6.1.1 Border
control| 6.1.2 Visa policy| 6.1.3 Schengen governance
NL Visumcode
Euro Voc Classification
PL kodeks wizowy
PT Código de Vistos
RO Codul de vize
SK vízový kódex
1011 European Union law
Note(s)
The Visa Code Regulation entered into force on 5 April 2010.
SL Vizumski zakonik
SV viseringskodex
NO visumregelverk
KA სავიზო კოდექსი
UK Візовий кодекс
HY
610
Վիզայի Կանոնագիրք
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
visa facilitation agreement
BG Споразумение за облекчаване на визовия режим
CS dohoda o usnadnění vydávání krátkodobých víz /
facilitační dohoda
DE Visaerleichterungs-Abkommen
EL συμφωνία για την απλούστευση / διευκόλυνση της
έκδοσης θεωρήσεων
EN visa facilitation agreement
ES acuerdo de facilitación de visados
ET viisalihtsustusleping
C
D
Definition(s)
Agreement between the EU and a non-EU country that
facilitates the issuance by an EU Member State of
authorisations to the citizens of that non-EU country for
transiting through or an intended stay in the territory of
the EU Member States of a duration of no more than 90
days in any 180-day period from the date of first entry
into the territory of the EU Member States.
E
Source(s)
H
FI viisumihelpotussopimus
Derived by EMN from the definition of Visa in Art. 2(2)
of Regulation (EC) No 810/2009 (Visa Code)
FR accord visant à faciliter la délivrance de visas
Broader term(s)
GA comhaontú um éisiúint víosaí a éascú
visa
HR sporazum o viznim olakšicama
Related term(s)
F
G
I
J
K
IT accordo di facilitazione del visto
Visa Code
Visa Information System (VIS)
LT susitarimas dėl vizų režimo supaprastinimo
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
L
MT Ftehim għall-iffaċilitar fil-ħruġ ta’ viżi / biex jitħaffef
il-ħruġ ta’ viżi
Euro Voc Classification
M
NL visumfacilitatieovereenkomst /
visumversoepelingsovereenkomst
Note(s)
HU vízumkönnyítési megállapodás
6.1.1 Border control| 6.1.2 Visa policy
LV nolīgums par vīzu atvieglotu izsniegšanu
PL umowa o ułatwieniach wizowych
PT acordo sobre a facilitação da emissão de vistos
RO acord pentru facilitarea acordării vizelor
SK dohoda o zjednodušení postupu pri vydávaní víz
SL sporazum o vizumskih olajšavah
SV viseringsförenklingsavtal
NO visumfasiliteringsavtale
KA შეთანხმება სავიზო რეჟიმის გამარტივების
N
1. The agreements introduce simplified procedures to make issuing shortstay visas (no more than 90 days per period of 180 days) an easier
process for the non-EU countries and citizens concerned.
2. With the aim of facilitating further European integration, cooperation
and people-to-people contacts, the EU launched ‘visa liberalization
dialogues’ with the Western Balkans and EaP countries. As a result of
fulfilling requirements set by the respective roadmaps and action plans,
assessed by EC’s consecutive progress reports, the citizens of five Western
Balkans and three EaP countries were given the right to enter and stay in
EU/Schengen states without a visa for the period of 90 days within
180-day period. For more information see the European Commission
Webpage on Visa Liberalisation.
3. For the complete list of visa facilitation agreements concluded so far,
see the Visa Policy Website of DG Migration and Home Affairs,
შესახებ
P
Q
R
S
T
UK угода про спрощення візового режиму
HY
O
մուտքի արտոնագրերի դյուրացման մասին
համաձայնագիր
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
611
Visa Information System (VIS)
BG Визова информационна система
CS Vízový informační systém
DE Visa-Informationssystem
EL Σύστημα Πληροφοριών για τις Θεωρήσεις
EN Visa Information System (VIS)
ES Sistema de Información de Visados
ET viisainfosüsteem
FI viisumitietojärjestelmä
FR Système d’information sur les visas
GA an Córas Faisnéise Víosaí; VIS
Definition(s)
A system for the exchange of visa data between EU
Member States, which enables authorised national
authorities to enter and update visa data and to consult
this data electronically.
Source(s)
Art. 1 of Council Decision 2004/512/EC
Synonym(s)
VIS
Related term(s)
HU Vízuminformációs rendszer
Schengen Information System (SIS)
Visa Code
visa facilitation agreement
IT Sistema di Informazione Visti
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
HR vizni informacijski sustav (VIS)
LT Vizų informacinė sistema
LV Vīzu informācijas sistēma
6.1 Entry Conditions and Procedures| 6.1.1 Border
control| 6.1.2 Visa policy
MT Sistema ta’ Informazzjoni dwar il-Viża
Euro Voc Classification
NL Visuminformatiesysteem
PL System Informacji Wizowej
PT Sistema de Informação de Vistos
RO Sistemul Informatic de Vize
1011 European Union law
Note(s)
The Visa Information System (VIS) started operating in North Africa on 11
October 2011 (see: European Commission Press release IP/11/1169) .
SK Vízový informačný systém (VIS)
SL Vizumski informacijski sistem
SV informationssystemet för viseringar
NO visuminformasjonssystemet
KA ვიზის საინფორმაციო სისტემა (VIS)
UK Візова інформаційна система (VIS)
HY
612
Վիզաների Տեղեկատվական Համակարգ
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
voluntary departure
BG доброволно напускане
CS dobrovolné vycestování
C
D
Definition(s)
DE freiwillige Ausreise
Compliance with the obligation to return within the
time-limit fixed for that purpose in the return decision.
E
EL εθελούσια αναχώρηση
Source(s)
EN voluntary departure
Art. 3(8) of 2008/115/EC (Return Directive)
F
ES salida voluntaria
Broader term(s)
G
ET vabatahtlik lahkumine
forced return
FI vapaaehtoinen maasta poistuminen
Narrower term(s)
H
FR départ volontaire
assisted voluntary return
GA imeacht deonach
Related term(s)
I
HR dragovoljni odlazak
HU önkéntes távozás
IT partenza volontaria
LT savanoriškas išvykimas
LV brīvprātīga izceļošana
MT Tluq volontarju
NL vrijwillig vertrek
PL dobrowolny wyjazd
PT abandono voluntário
RO plecare voluntară
SK dobrovoľný odchod
return decision
voluntary return
J
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
K
Euro Voc Classification
L
12.1 Voluntary return
1011 European Union law| 2811 migration
M
Note(s)
1.The term is different from voluntary return, as with voluntary
departure, ultimately there will be an obligation to return.
2. As voluntary departure is the preferred option over forced return, Art.
7(1) of Directive 2008/115/EC (ReturnDirective) defines an obligation for
EU Member States to provide for an appropriate period for voluntary
departure of between seven and thirty days.
SL prostovoljni odhod
O
P
SV frivillig avresa
NO frivillig utreise (b); friviljug utreise (n)
Q
KA ნებაყოფლობითი გამგზავრება
R
UK добровільний від’їзд
HY
N
կամավոր մեկնում
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
613
voluntary return
BG доброволно връщане
CS dobrovolný návrat
DE freiwillige Rückkehr
EL εθελούσια επιστροφή
EN voluntary return
ES retorno voluntario
ET vabatahtlik tagasipöördumine
FI vapaaehtoinen paluu
FR retour volontaire
GA filleadh deonach
HR dragovoljni povratak
HU önkéntes visszatérés
IT ritorno volontario / rimpatrio volontario
LT savanoriškas grįžimas
LV brīvprātīga atgriešanās
MT Ritorn volontarju
NL vrijwillige terugkeer
PL dobrowolny powrót
PT retorno voluntário
RO returnare voluntară
SK dobrovoľný návrat
SL prostovoljna vrnitev / prostovoljno vračanje
SV frivilligt återvändande
NO frivillig retur (b); friviljug retur (n) / assistert retur
KA ნებაყოფლობითი დაბრუნება
UK добровільне повернення
HY
614
կամավոր վերադարձ
Definition(s)
The assisted or independent return to the country of
origin, transit or third country, based on the free will
of the returnee.
Source(s)
IOM Glossary on Migration, 2019.
Synonym(s)
voluntary repatriation
Broader term(s)
return
Narrower term(s)
assisted voluntary return
Related term(s)
forced return
voluntary departure
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
12.1 Voluntary return
Euro Voc Classification
1011 European Union law| 2811 migration
Note(s)
1. The term is different from voluntary departure where there is
ultimately an obligation to return.
2. The types of persons returning without the assistance of the State
include those who: a) would be under no (legal) obligation to do so. As
stated in the definition, it is entirely their decision as to whether they
return or not; b) are irregularly resident and have not (yet) been
apprehended/detected (e.g. overstayer), but who decide to return
anyway; c) have applied to stay (e.g. asylum seeker, person applying
for international protection) and whose application has not yet been
finalised, but decide to return anyway.
3. The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) prefers the term ‹voluntary repatriation›.
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
vulnerable person
BG уязвимо лице
CS zranitelná osoba
DE schutzbedürftige Person
EL ευάλωτο άτομο
EN vulnerable person
ES persona vulnerable
ET haavatav isik
FI haavoittuvassa asemassa oleva henkilö
FR personne vulnérable
C
D
Definition(s)
Minors, unaccompanied minors, disabled people,
elderly people, pregnant women, single parents with
minor children, victims of trafficking in human
beings, persons with serious illnesses, persons with
mental disorders and persons who have been subjected
to torture, rape or other serious forms of psychological,
physical or sexual violence, such as victims of female
genital mutilation.
Source(s)
E
F
G
H
GA duine soghonta
Art. 21 of Directive 2013/33/EU (Recast Reception
Conditions Directive)
I
HR ranjiva osoba
Narrower term(s)
J
Related term(s)
K
HU sérülékeny személy
IT persona vulnerabile
LT pažeidžiamas asmuo
applicant with special reception needs
MT Persuna vulnerabbli
identified victim of trafficking in human beings
presumed victim of trafficking in human beings
torture
unaccompanied minor
NL kwetsbare persoon
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
LV mazāk aizsargāta persona (EU acquis); īpaši
aizsargājama persona
L
M
4. International Protection and other Types of Protection|
7. Vulnerable Groups
N
PT pessoa vulnerável
RO persoană vulnerabilă
Euro Voc Classification
O
PL osoba wymagająca szczególnego traktowania
SK zraniteľná osoba
SL ranljiva oseba
SV utsatt person
NO sårbar person
KA მოწყვლადი პირი
UK вразлива особа
HY
1011 European Union law| 2811 migration
P
Note(s)
1. Directive 2011/36/EU (Anti-trafficking Directive) defines a ‘position of
vulnerability’ as a “situation in which the person concerned has no real or
acceptable alternative but to submit to the abuse involved”.
2. Some directives use narrower definitions such as Directive 2008/115/
EG (Return Directive) in its Art. 3(9).
Q
R
S
խոցելի անձ
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
615
war crime
BG военно престъпление
CS válečný zločin
DE Kriegsverbrechen
EL έγκλημα πολέμου
EN war crime
ES crímenes de guerra
ET sõjakuritegu
Definition(s)
Grave breaches of the Geneva Conventions or other
serious violations of the laws and customs applicable
in international armed conflicts within the established
framework of international law, as defined in the Rome
Statute of the International Criminal Court.
Source(s)
FI sotarikokset
Art. 8(2) of the Rome Statute of the International
Criminal Court
FR crime de guerre
Related term(s)
HR ratni zločin
crime against humanity
exclusion clause
HU háborús bűncselekmény
Euro Voc Classification
GA coir chogaidh
IT crimine di guerra
1231 international law| 7606 United Nations
LT karo nusikaltimas
LV kara noziegums
MT Reati tal-gwerra
NL oorlogsmisdaad / oorlogsmisdrijf
PL zbrodnie wojenne
PT crime de guerra
RO crime de război
SK vojnový zločin
SL vojni zločin
SV krigsförbrytelse
NO krigsforbrytelse (b); krigsbrotsverk (n)
KA ომის დანაშაული
UK воєнний злочин
HY
616
պատերազմական հանցագործություն
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
well-founded fear of persecution
BG добре обоснован страх от преследване
CS odůvodněný strach z pronásledování
The fear of persecution experienced by an applicant
for international protection that is considered
both genuine and objectively justifiable (e.g. because
the person concerned has already been subject to
persecution or serious harm, or to direct threats of such
persecution or such harm, and there is no good reason to
consider that such persecution or serious harm will not
be repeated).
EL βάσιμος φόβος δίωξης
EN well-founded fear of persecution
ES temor justificado de persecución
ET põhjendatud tagakiusamise kartus
FI perusteltu vainon pelko
FR crainte fondée de persécution
Source(s)
GA faitíos roimh ghéarleanúint a bhfuil bunús / údar
maith leis
Broader term(s)
Derived by EMN from IOM Glossary on Migration, 2019.
Related term(s)
HU üldöztetéstől való megalapozott félelem
LT visiškai pagrįsta baimė būti persekiojamam
LV pamatotas bailes no vajāšanas
NL gegronde vrees voor vervolging
PT receio fundado de perseguição
SK opodstatnená obava z prenasledovania
SL utemeljen strah pred preganjanjem
SV välgrundad fruktan för förföljelse
NO velbegrunnet frykt for forfølgelse (b); velgrunna frykt
for forfølging (n)
HY
հետապնդման հիմնավորված երկյուղ
I
Euro Voc Classification
M
N
Note(s)
RO teamă de persecuţie bine fondată
H
L
1231 international law| 2811 migration
PL uzasadniona obawa przed prześladowaniem
G
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
4.1.1 Refugee protection
MT Biża’ ġustifikata ta’ persekuzzjoni
F
K
credibility assessment
real risk of suffering serious harm
IT giustificato timore di persecuzione
E
J
persecution
HR osnovan strah od proganjanja
UK обґрунтовані побоювання переслідування
D
Definition(s)
DE begründete Furcht vor Verfolgung
KA დევნის საფუძვლიანი შიში
C
1. This is a key element of the definition of a refugee in the Geneva
Refugee Convention and Protocol. Well-foundedness of fear contains
both a subjective element (fear of persecution) and an objective element
(the fear must have an objectively justifiable basis). Both elements must
be established for the fear to be considered well-founded within the
meaning of the refugee definition. According to the 1951 Convention,
persecution must be linked to any one of the five specified grounds: race,
religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group and political
opinion.
2. The subjective element is satisfied if the applicant’s fear of persecution
is genuine. In the context of refugee status determination, fear has been
defined as an apprehension or awareness of danger. General dissent or
disagreement with a government or the desire for more personal freedom
or an improved economic situation without anything more does not satify
this element (see UNHCR guidelines on international protection on the UNHCR website).
3. The objective element is satisfied when the applicant has established
that there is a reasonable possibility that they will actually suffer the
feared persecution.
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
617
withdrawal of an application
for international protection
BG оттегляне на молба за международна закрила
CS zpětvzetí žádosti o mezinárodní ochranu
DE Rücknahme des Antrags auf internationalen Schutz
EL ανάκλησης της αίτησης για διεθνή προστασία
EN withdrawal of an application for international
protection
ES retirada de una solicitud de protección internacional
Definition(s)
The actions by which the applicant terminates
the procedures initiated by the submission of
their application for international protection, in
accordance with Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum
Procedures Directive), either explicitly or tacitly.
Source(s)
ET rahvusvahelise kaitse taotluse tagasivõtmine
Derived by EMN from Art. 27 and 28 of Directive
2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Procedures Directive)
FI kansainvälistä suojelua koskevan hakemuksen
peruuttaminen
Broader term(s)
FR retrait d’une demande de protection internationale
GA iarratas ar chosaint idirnáisiúnta a tharraingt siar
application for international protection
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
HR odustajanje od zahtjeva za međunarodnu zaštitu
4.1 International protection| 6.2 Procedure for
international protection/Refugee status determination
HU nemzetközi védelem iránti kérelem visszavonása
Euro Voc Classification
IT ritiro della domanda di protezione internazionale
1011 European Union law| 2811 migration
LT tarptautinės apsaugos prašymo atsiėmimas (EU
acquis); prašymo suteikti prieglobstį nagrinėjimo
nutraukimas
LV starptautiskās aizsardzības pieteikuma atsaukšana
MT Irtirar ta’ applikazzjoni għall-protezzjoni
internazzjonali
NL intrekking van een verzoek om internationale
bescherming
PL wycofanie wniosku o ochronę międzynarodową
PT retirada do pedido de proteção internacional
RO retragerea cerere de protectie internationala
SK späťvzatie žiadosti o medzinárodnú ochranu /
späťvzatie žiadosti o udelenie medzinárodnej ochrany
SL umik prošnje za mednarodno zaščito
SV återkallande av ansökan om internationellt skydd
NO tilbaketrekking av søknad om internasjonal
beskyttelse (b); tilbaketrekking av søknad om
internasjonalt vern (n)
KA საერთაშორისო დაცვის მოთხოვნის შესახებ
განცხადების გამოხმობა
UK відклик заяви про надання міжнародного захисту
HY
618
միջազգային պաշտպանության դիմումի կասեցում
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
withdrawal of
international protection
BG отнемане на международна закрила
CS odnětí mezinárodní ochrany
DE Aberkennung des internationalen Schutzes
EL ανάκληση διεθνούς προστασίας
EN withdrawal of international protection
ES retirada de la protección internacional
D
E
Source(s)
G
FI kansainvälisen suojelun poistaminen
Narrower term(s)
HR oduzimanje međunarodne zaštite
C
The decision by a competent authority to revoke, end or
refuse to renew the refugee or subsidiary protection
status of a person in accordance with Directive
2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive) .
ET rahvusvahelise kaitse äravõtmine
FR retrait d’une protection internationale
B
Definition(s)
Art. 2(o) of Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum
Procedures Directive)
GA cosaint idirnáisiúnta a tharraingt siar
A
F
H
withdrawal of refugee status
I
Related term(s)
HU nemzetközi védelem visszavonása
refugee status
subsidiary protection status
J
IT revoca della protezione internazionale
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
K
LT tarptautinės apsaugos panaikinimas (EU acquis);
prieglobsčio panaikinimas
4.1 International protection| 6.2 Procedure for
international protection/Refugee status determination
LV starptautiskās aizsardzības statusa atņemšana
Euro Voc Classification
MT Irtirar tal-protezzjoni internazzjonali
1011 European Union law| 2811 migration
M
NL intrekking van de internationale bescherming
N
PL cofnięcie ochrony międzynarodowej
PT retirada do estatuto de proteção internacional
O
RO retragerea protecţiei internaţionale
SK odňatie medzinárodnej ochrany
P
SL odvzem mednarodne zaščite
SV återkallande av internationellt skydd
Q
NO tilbaketrekking av internasjonal beskyttelse (b);
tilbaketrekking av internasjonalt vern (n)
R
KA საერთაშორისო დაცვის გამოხმობა
UK позбавлення міжнародного захисту
HY
L
S
միջազգային պաշտպանության կասեցում
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
619
withdrawal of refugee status
BG отнемане на бежански статут
CS odnětí postavení uprchlíka
DE Aberkennung der Flüchtlingseigenschaft
EL ανάκληση καθεστώτος πρόσφυγα
EN withdrawal of refugee status
ES retirada del estatuto de refugiado
Definition(s)
The decision by a competent authority to revoke, end
or refuse to renew the refugee status of a person
in accordance with Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast
Qualification Directive) .
Source(s)
ET pagulasseisundi kehtetuks tunnistamine
Derived by EMN from Art. 2(o) of Directive 2013/32/EU
(Recast Asylum Procedures Directive)
FI pakolaisaseman poistaminen
Broader term(s)
FR retrait du statut de réfugié
GA stádas dídeanaí a tharraingt siar
HR oduzimanje statusa izbjeglice
HU menekült státusz visszavonása
IT revoca dello status di rifugiato
withdrawal of international protection
Related term(s)
refugee status
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
LT pabėgėlio statuso panaikinimas
4.1.1 Refugee protection| 6.2 Procedure for international
protection/Refugee status determination
LV bēgļa statusa zaudēšana
Euro Voc Classification
MT Revoka / Kanċellazzjoni / Tneħħija tal-istatus ta’
refuġjat
1011 European Union law| 2811 migration
NL intrekking van de vluchtelingenstatus
PL cofnięcie statusu uchodźcy
PT retirada do estatuto de refugiado
RO retragerea statutului de refugiat
SK odňatie postavenia utečenca (EU acquis)
SL odvzem statusa begunca
SV återkallande av flyktingstatus
NO tilbakekall av flyktningstatus (b); attendekalling av
flyktningstatus (n)
KA ლტოლვილის სტატუსის გამოხმობა
UK позбавлення статусу біженця
HY
620
փախստականի կարգավիճակի կասեցում
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
621
work permit
BG Разрешение за работа
CS povolení k zaměstnání
DE Arbeitserlaubnis
EL άδεια διαμονής για εργασία
EN work permit
ES Autorización de trabajo
ET tööluba
FI työlupa
FR autorisation de travail / permis de travail
GA Cead oibre
HR radna dozvola
HU munkavállalási engedély
IT permesso di soggiorno per motivi di lavoro
LT leidimas dirbti
LV darba atļauja
MT Permess tax-xogħol
NL werkvergunning; arbeidskaart / toelating tot arbeid /
arbeidsvergunning (BE)
PL zezwolenie na pracę
PT autorização de trabalho
RO permis de muncă
Definition(s)
In the global context, a legal document issued by a
competent authority of a State giving authorisation
for employment of migrant workers in the host
country during the period of validity of the permit.
In the EU context, a legal document issued by a
competent authority of an EU Member State stating the
right of a third-country national to work in its territory
during the period of validity of the permit.
Source(s)
Global context: IOM Glossary on Migration, 2019.
EU-context: Derived by EMN from IOM Glossary on
Migration, 2019.
Broader term(s)
employment
Narrower term(s)
EU Blue Card
Related term(s)
residence permit
single application procedure
single permit
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
SK pracovné povolenie
3.1 Migration for Economic Purposes| 8.2 Access to
employment
SL delovno dovoljenje / dovoljenje za delo
Euro Voc Classification
SV arbetstillstånd
2811 migration| 4426 labour law and relations
NO Arbeidstillatelse (b); Arbeidsløyve (n)
KA შრომის ნებართვა
UK дозвіл на працевлаштування
HY
622
աշխատանքի թույլտվություն
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
B
C
D
Note(s)
E
1. The right of third-country nationals to work in an EU/EFTA Member
State mainly depends on the laws of that EU/EFTA Member State. EU
Member States differ as to whether they issue a residence permit in
addition to a work permit, and/or whether they issue a joint residence/
work permit. All EU Member States have provisions in place outlining
certain migrants who may be exempt from the obligation to obtain a
work permit or for whom facilitated admission procedures are in place.
2. At EU level, different legislative instruments regulate the admission and
residence of third-country nationals for the purposes of employment,
depending on different categories of migrant workers and their
residence status (such as highly-qualified migrants, seasonal workers,
au pair, students, intra-corporate transferees, posted workers, longterm residents). For further information, see European Migration Network
(EMN): Satisfying Labour Demand through Migration, 2011,
3. Directive 2011/98/EU (Single Permit Directive) introduced a single
application procedure for the issuing of single permits for non-EU
nationals to reside and work in the territory of an EU Member State, and a
common set of rights for non-EU workers legally residing in an EU Member
State notably the right to equal treatment with nationals of the country
where they reside and work for housing and employment advice services.
The Directive applies to most non-EU nationals with authorisation to
reside and work in the EU, independently of their initial reason for
admission, unless they are explicitly excluded from the scope of the
Directive. Its scope includes both non-EU nationals seeking to be admitted
to an EU Member State in order to stay and work there and those who are
already resident and have access to the labour market or are already
working there.
4. Art.15 of Directive 2013/33/EU (Recast Reception Conditions
Directive) gives applicants for international protection the right of
having access to the labour market no later than 9 months from the date
when the application was lodged, in accordance with the conditions as set
up by the national law of EU Member States. In addition, Art. 26
of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive) stipulates that EU
Member States shall authorise beneficiaries of international
protection to engage in employed or self-employed activities,
immediately after protection has been granted.
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
623
xenophobia
BG ксенофобия
CS xenofobie
DE Ausländerfeindlichkeit / Fremdenfeindlichkeit /
Xenophobie
EL ξενοφοβία
EN xenophobia
ES xenofobia
ET ksenofoobia / võõraviha
FI muukalaispelko
FR xénophobie
GA seineafóibe
HR ksenofobija
HU xenofóbia / idegengyűlölet
IT xenofobia
LT ksenofobija
Definition(s)
Attitudes, prejudices and behaviour that reject, exclude
and often vilify persons, based on the perception that
they are outsiders or foreigners to the community,
society or national identity.
Source(s)
Declaration on Racism, Discrimination, Xenophobia and
Related Intolerance against Migrants and Trafficked
Persons, adopted by the Asia-Pacific NGO Meeting
for the World Conference Against Racism, Racial
Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance,
Teheran, 18 February 2001
Related term(s)
racial discrimination
racism
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
LV ksenofobija
14.3 Social factors and impacts (such as changes in
demographics, age, education level, diversity)
MT Ksenofobija
Euro Voc Classification
NL xenofobie
PL ksenofobia
PT xenofobia
RO xenofobie
SK xenofóbia
SL ksenofobija
SV främlingsfientlighet
NO fremmedfrykt (b); framandfrykt (n)
KA ქსენოფობია
UK ксенофобія
HY
624
այլատյացություն
1236 rights and freedoms| 2826 social affairs
Note(s)
1. According to Union acquis, and specifically Art. 1 of Framework Decision
2008/913/JHA, offences concerning racism and xenophobia are
considered to be:
(a) publicly inciting to violence or hatred directed against a group of
persons or a member of such a group defined by reference to race, colour,
religion, descent or national or ethnic origin;
(b) the commission of an act referred to in point (a) by public
dissemination or distribution of tracts, pictures or other material;
(c) publicly condoning, denying or grossly trivialising crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes as defined in Articles 6,
7 and 8 of the Statute of the International Criminal Court, directed against
a group of persons or a member of such a group defined by reference to
race, colour, religion, descent or national or ethnic origin when the conduct
is carried out in a manner likely to incite violence or hatred against such a
group or a member of such a group;
d) publicly condoning, denying or grossly trivialising the crimes defined in
Art. 6 of the Charter of the International Military Tribunal appended to the
London Agreement of 8 August 1945, directed against a group of persons
or a member of such a group defined by reference to race, colour, religion,
descent or national or ethnic origin when the conduct is carried out in a
manner likely to incite violence or hatred against such a group or a
member of such a group.
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
A
Zaragoza Declaration on Integration
BG Декларация от Сарагоса по въпросите на
интеграцията
A declaration of the European Ministerial Conference
on Integration to further develop the core idea
of integration as a driver for development and social
cohesion by incorporating integration issues in a
comprehensive way in all relevant policy fields with
a focus on three areas: employment and education,
comprehensive participation and evaluation of
integration policies
DE Zaragoza-Erklärung zum Thema Integration /
Zaragosa-Erklärung zur Integration
EL Διακήρυξη (της Ευρωπαϊκής Υπουργικής Διάσκεψης)
της Σαραγόσα για την Ένταξη
EN Zaragoza Declaration on Integration
ES
Source(s)
ET Zaragoza deklaratsioon integratsiooni teemal
C
D
Definition(s)
CS Deklarace o integraci ze Zaragozy
B
E
F
G
H
FI Zaragozan julistus kotouttamisesta
Derived by EMN from the Declaration on the European
Website on Integration
I
FR Déclaration de Saragosse sur l’intégration
Synonym(s)
GA
Zaragosa Declaration
J
HR Zaragoza deklaracija o integraciji
Broader term(s)
integration
K
HU Zaragozai Nyilatkozat az integrációról
IT Dichiarazione di Saragozza sull’integrazione
Related term(s)
L
Common Basic Principles
integration indicators
National Contact Points on Integration
LT Saragosos deklaracija integracijos klausimais
LV Saragosas deklarācija par integrāciju
MT
NL Verklaring van Zaragoza over integratie
PT Declaração de Zaragoça
SK Deklarácia zo Zaragozy k integrácii
Euro Voc Classification
O
P
Note(s)
SL Zaragoška izjava o vključevanju
SV Zaragozadeklarationen om integration
NO Zaragoza-erklæringen om integrering
KA სარაგოსის დეკლარაცია ინტეგრაციის შესახებ
Սարագոսայի հռչակագիր ինտեգրման մասին
N
2811 migration
RO Declarația de la Zaragoza privind integrarea
HY
EMN Asylum and Migration Classification
9. Integration
PL Deklaracja z Saragossy w sprawie integracji
UK Сарагоська декларація про інтеграцію
M
1. The Declaration was agreed at the European Ministerial Conference on
Integration in Zaragoza of 15 and 16 April 2010. Council Conclusions
incorporating the Declaration were adopted at the Justice and Home
Affairs Council of 3-4 June 2010:
2. Employment and education are key parts in the integration process.
Further development of the concept of ‘human capital’ should ensure a
cross-sectoral approach, including programmes for education,
employment and lifelong learning.
3. Comprehensive participation requires appropriate cooperation and
coordination between different levels of government and public
administration (European, national, regional and local). National Contact
Points on Integration play an important role in promoting the integration
of immigrants at both European Union and EU Member State level.
4. With regard to the evaluation of integration policies the declaration
includes suggestions to further develop integration indicators based on
qualitative or subjective data, they should complement the existing
indicators in the four policy areas: employment, education, social inclusion
and active citizenship.
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
625
English index
absconding
accelerated international protection procedure
access to education
access to employment
access to healthcare
access to procedures for recognition of qualifications
access to social welfare
access to the procedure for international protection
accommodation centre
accompanied child
acculturation
acquisition of citizenship
act of persecution
Action Plan on the integration of third-country
nationals
active citizenship
actor of persecution or serious harm
actor of protection
adaptation
admissibility interview
admissibility of an application for international
protection
admission onto the territory
adoption (of a child)
adoption (of legal acts)
adoption of convenience
adult
advance passenger information (API)
Africa Caribbean Pacific (ACP) Observatory on
Migration
Africa-EU Migration, Mobility and Employment
Partnership
age assessment
airport transit visa
alien
alternative to detention
applicant for international protection
applicant in need of special procedural guarantees
applicant with special reception needs
application for asylum
application for international protection
apprehension
arranged marriage
Asia-Europe Meeting (ASEM)
assigned area of residence
assimilation
626
14
15
16
18
20
21
22
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
assisted voluntary return
assisted voluntary return and reintegration
programme (AVRR)
asylum
Asylum and Migration Management Regulation
asylum seeker
asylum shopping
Asylum, Migration and Integration Fund (AMIF)
au pair
Automated Border Control (ABC)
Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS)
awareness raising campaign on the risk of irregular
migration
Bali Process
beneficiary of international protection
beneficiary of subsidiary protection
benefit of the doubt
best interests of the child (BIC)
biometric data
Black Sea Synergy
border area
border control
border crossing
border crossing point
border resident
brain circulation
brain drain
brain gain
brain waste
breeder documents
Budapest Process
burden of proof
carrier
carriers’ liability
case worker in procedures for international
protection
Centre for Information, Discussion and Exchange on
the Crossing of Frontiers and Immigration (CIREFI)
chain migration
change of status
Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European
Union
child
child labour
child’s best interests assessment (BIA)
child’s best interests determination (BID)
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
72
73
74
75
76
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
96
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
circular migration
citizenship
civic orientation course
civil partnership of convenience
civil war refugee
Common Basic Principles
Common European Asylum System (CEAS)
Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP)
community sponsorship
complementary pathway for admission to third
countries
content of international protection
contract migrant worker
Convention grounds for persecution
Convention refugee
Cooperation Platform on Migration and Development
Cotonou Agreement
country of birth
country of destination
country of nationality
country of origin
country of origin information (COI)
country of return
country of transit
Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU)
credibility assessment
crime against humanity
cross-border worker
crude rate of net migration
cultural diversity
cultural mediator
cultural pluralism
culture
de facto population
de facto refugee
de jure population
degrading treatment or punishment
dependant
detainee
detection of a victim of trafficking in human beings
detention
detention facility
detention standards and conditions
determining authority
Dialogue on Mediterranean Transit Migration
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
diaspora
direct discrimination
displaced person
displacement
distribution key
dual citizenship
Dublin Convention
Dublin criteria
Dublin procedure
Dublin Regulation
Dublin transfer
durable solutions
Eastern Partnership (EAP)
economic migrant
economic migration
emergency response system
emigrant
emigration
employee
employer
employer sanction
employment
enforcement measure
entry ban
Entry/Exit System (EES)
environmental migrant
environmentally displaced person
equality of arms
establishment of identity
ethnic cleansing
ethnic nationality
EU Action Plan on Return
EU Blue Card
EU Blue Card holder
EU Immigration Portal
EU skills profile tool for third-country nationals
EU Talent Pool
EU-LAC Structured Dialogue on Migration
Eurasil
Eurodac
Euro-Mediterranean Partnership (EUROMED)
European Agenda on Migration
European Asylum Support Office (EASO)
European Border and Coast Guard
European Border and Coast Guard Agency (Frontex)
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
180
182
183
184
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
627
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
146
148
150
152
153
European Border and Coast Guard Standing Corps
European Border Surveillance System (EUROSUR)
European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR)
European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR)
European Guardianship Network (EGN)
European integrated border management
European Integration Network (EIN)
European Migration Forum (EMF)
European migration liaison officer (EMLO)
European Migration Network (EMN)
European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP)
European return liaison officer (EURLO)
European travel document for return
European Travel Information and Authorisation
System (ETIAS)
European Union Agency for Asylum (EUAA)
European Union Agency for Criminal Justice
Cooperation (Eurojust)
European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights
(FRA)
European Union Agency for Law Enforcement
Cooperation (Europol)
European Union Emergency Trust Fund for Africa
(EUTF for Africa)
Eurostat
evidence assessment
examination of an application for international
protection
exclusion clause
ex-nunc examination
exodus
exploitation
expulsion
expulsion decision
external dimension of EU migration and asylum
policy
external EU border
facilitator
False and Authentic Documents Online (FADO)
false declaration of parenthood
family formation
family member
family migration
family reunification
family tracing
female genital mutilation
final decision
628
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
214
216
217
218
219
220
222
224
226
228
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
246
248
249
250
251
252
final decision rejecting an application for
international protection
first country of asylum
first instance decision
Five plus Five (5+5) Dialogue on Migration in the
Western Mediterranean
forced labour
forced marriage
forced migrant
forced migration
forced return
forced return monitoring
foreign population of a country
fraudulent travel or identity document
frontier worker
fundamental rights
gender
gender identity
gender-based persecution
gender-specific violence
General Directors’ Immigration Services Conference
(GDISC)
Geneva Refugee Convention and Protocol
genocide
Global Approach to Migration and Mobility (GAMM)
Global Forum on Migration and Development
(GFMD)
group determination of refugee status
group persecution
guardian
guest worker
harassment
harmful onward movement
High-Level Network for Return
High-Level Working Group (HLWG) on Asylum and
Migration
highly qualified employment
highly qualified migrant
host country
host entity
host Member State
host society
hotspot approach
hotspot area
human rights
human rights law
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
254
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
278
279
280
282
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
humanitarian admission
humanitarian protection
humanitarian visa
identification
identification mission
identification of a victim of trafficking in human
beings
identified victim of trafficking in human beings
identity document
illegal employment
illegal employment of a legally staying third-country
national
illegal employment of an illegally staying thirdcountry national
immigrant
immigration
Immigration Liaison Officer (ILO)
immigration programme
immigration quota
impostor
inadmissible application for international protection
indirect discrimination
indiscriminate violence
informal economy
Information and Coordination Network for Member
States’ Migration Management Services (ICONet)
inhuman treatment or punishment
integration
integration indicators
integration programme
intercultural dialogue
Intergovernmental Consultations on Migration,
Asylum and Refugees (IGC)
internal EU border
internal protection
internally displaced person
International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO)
format
International Organization for Migration (IOM)
international protection
interpreter
intra-corporate transferee
intra-EU mobility
irregular entry
irregular migrant
irregular migration
299
300
302
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
312
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
326
327
328
329
330
332
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
344
346
348
Irregular Migration Management Application (IRMA)
irregular stay
ius sanguinis
ius soli
Joint Valletta Action Plan (JVAP)
Khartoum Process
labour market integration
labour market test
labour matching
labour migration
labour shortage
language analysis for the determination of origin
(LADO)
language training
legal entry
legal migration
legal pathway
LGBTIQ
Lisbon Treaty
local border traffic
lodging an application for international protection
long-stay visa
long-term migrant
long-term migration
long-term mobility
long-term resident
loss of citizenship
making an application for international protection
managed migration
mandate refugee
manifestly unfounded application for international
protection
marriage of convenience
mass influx
material reception conditions
migrant
Migrant Integration Policy Index (MIPEX)
migrant stock
migrant worker
migration
migration crisis
migration flow
migration management support team
Migration Preparedness and Crisis Blueprint
migration profile
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
349
350
351
352
353
354
356
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
382
384
385
386
388
390
391
392
394
396
398
399
400
402
629
migration route
migration routes initiative
Migration, Asylum, Refugees Regional Initiative
(MARRI)
migratory pressure
minimum standards
minor
minority
mixed migration flow
mobility partnership
multiculturalism
mutual information mechanism
mutual recognition agreement
National Contact Points on Integration
national referral mechanism
naturalisation
net migration
New Pact on Migration and Asylum
New York Declaration for Refugees and Migrants
non-EU national
non-refoulement
non-removable returnee
nuclear family
obligation to cooperate
obligation to report
occupation
organised crime
organised criminal group
overstayer
Palermo Protocol
particular social group
partnership of convenience
persecution
person eligible for subsidiary protection
person enjoying temporary protection
person with a migratory background
personal interview for international protection
population stock
positive discrimination
posted worker
postponement of removal
Prague Process
preparatory class
presumed victim of trafficking in human beings
prima facie refugee
630
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
principle of equal treatment
procedural guarantees
procedure for international protection
protection
Public Register of Authentic Travel and Identity
Documents Online (PRADO)
pull factor
push back
push factor
push-pull factor
quota
Rabat Process
racial discrimination
racism
Rapid Border Intervention Team (RABIT)
readmission
readmission agreement
real risk of suffering serious harm
receiving Member State
reception
reception centre
reception conditions
reception facilities
recognition of foreign qualifications
recognition rate (in procedures for international
protection)
re-entry
reflection period
refugee
refugee in orbit
refugee in transit
refugee law
refugee status
refugee sur place
refusal of entry
regional development and protection programme
(RDPP)
regularisation
regulated profession
reintegration
reintegration assistance
rejected applicant for international protection
relocation
remain in the Member State
remittance
removal
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
448
449
450
451
452
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
490
492
493
494
removal order
remunerated trainee
repatriation
repatriation assistance
representative
researcher
resettled refugee
resettlement
resettlement programme
residence document
residence permit
return
Return Coordinator
return counselling
return decision
return intervention
return operation
returnee
right of asylum
right of residence
right to an effective remedy
right to asylum
right to family life
right to family unity
right to free movement
risk of absconding
safe country of origin
safe third country
Schengen Agreement
Schengen Borders Code
Schengen Convention
Schengen evaluation and monitoring mechanism
Schengen Information System (SIS)
school pupil
search and rescue (SAR) operation
seasonal worker
secondary movement of migrants
second-generation migrant
segregation
self-employed person
separated child
serious harm
sex
sexual orientation
short-stay visa
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
short-term migrant
short-term migration
short-term mobility
single application procedure
single permit
Sirene Bureau
Smart Borders Package
smuggler
smuggling of migrants
social cohesion
social dumping
social exclusion
social inclusion
social partners
social protection benefits
social security
sponsor
spontaneous migration
standard of proof
standard operating procedures applicable in
hotspots
stateless person
statutory refugee
stock of foreigners
stock of pending cases (in procedures for
international protection)
Stockholm Programme
stranded migrant
Strategic Committee on Immigration, Frontiers and
Asylum (SCIFA)
student
subsequent application for international protection
subsidiary protection
subsidiary protection status
suspensive effect
sustainable return
take back request
take charge request
talent partnership
temporary external border
temporary international relocation initiative (TIRI)
temporary migration
temporary protection
third country
third-country national
threat to public health
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
631
560
561
562
564
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
580
582
584
586
587
588
torture
total migration
trafficking in human beings
trainee
transfer notification
transfer order
transit
travel document
unaccompanied minor
unfounded application for international protection
Union acquis
union citizen
union preference
United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child
(UNCRC)
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
(UNHCR)
unremunerated trainee
usual residence
632
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
usually resident population
verification of identity
victimisation
visa
Visa Code
visa facilitation agreement
Visa Information System (VIS)
voluntary departure
voluntary return
vulnerable person
war crime
well-founded fear of persecution
withdrawal of an application for international
protection
withdrawal of international protection
withdrawal of refugee status
work permit
xenophobia
Zaragoza Declaration on Integration
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
622
624
625
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
633
List of synonyms
5+5 Dialogue
1951 Convention Relating to the Status of
Refugees and the 1967 Protocol Relating to the
Status of Refugees
1951 Geneva Convention
1951 Refugee Convention
ABC
accelerated procedure for international protection
access to the labour market
accompanied minor
ACP
ACP Observatory on Migration
acquis
advance passenger data
Advance Passenger Information System
affirmative action
AFIS
Africa-EU MME Partnership
AMIF
amnesty (in the context of migration)
API
APIS
ASEM
asylum application
asylum case worker
asylum claim
asylum determination officer
asylum interview
asylum procedure
asylum recognition rate
automated border control system
Automated Fingerprint Identification System
AVR assisted voluntary return and reintegration
AVR assisted voluntary return and reintegration
package
AVVR
awareness raising and information campaign on
migration
Bali Process on People Smuggling, Trafficking in
Persons and Related Transnational Crime
Barcelona Process
beneficiary of temporary protection
best interest of the child
best interests of the child assessment
best interests of the child determination
BIA
634
258
274
274
274
68
15
18
26
43
43
599
42
42
441
69
45
66
484
42
42
57
53
95
53
95
439
450
473
68
69
61
61
61
71
72
198
437
76
103
104
103
BIC
biometrics
black market
business migrant
case officer
case worker
CEAS
child’s best interests assessment
child’s best interests determination
circumcision
CIREFI
Civic-cultural training
Civic orientation course
civic training
(civil) war refugee
CJEU
clandestine employment
clandestine migrant
clandestine migration
COI
Common Basic Principles for Immigrant
Integration Policy
community-based sponsorship
Community preference
community sponsorship programme
complementary pathway for admission of
refugees to third countries
complimentary pathway for refugee admission
compulsory labour
compulsory return
compulsory work
concept of safe country of origin
conditions of detention
contract worker
Convention implementing the Schengen
Agreement
Convention on the Rights of the Child
Convention relating to the Status of Refugees
cooperation platform
country information
country of first asylum
CRC
cross-border commuter
CSDP
cultural assimilation
cutting
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
76, 104
78
323
290
95
95
111
103
104
251
97
107
107
107
109
129
309, 323
346
348
126
110
113
601
113
114
114
259
263
259
521
150
117
525
602
274
120
126
256
602
132
112
59
251
decision-maker
deportation
deportation order
detention centre
detention conditions
detention guarantees
detention standards
determining asylum authority
distribution of applicants for international
protection
Dublin responsibility criteria
duty to cooperate
EAP
EASO
EBCGA
ECHR
economic refugee
ECtHR
education for immigrant children
education for migrant children
EES
EGN
EIN
emergency relocation
EMF
EMLO
EMN
eMRTD
ENP
environmentally-driven migrant
environmental refugee
ePassport
equal opportunities
establishment of identity for international
protection
establishment of identity of individuals in
international protection procedures
ethnicity
ETIAS
EUAA
EU acquis
EU Agency for Asylum
EU-CELAC MD
EU Charter of Fundamental Rights
EU citizen
EU Emergency Trust Fund for Africa
95
494
495
148
150
150
150
152
158
161
425
166
200
202
206
167
207
445
445
178
208
210
169, 490
211
212
214
68
216
182
182
68
448
184
184
187
219
220
599
220
195
100
600
229
EU Fundamental Rights Charter
EU-Horn of Africa-Migration Route Initiative
EUIP
EU mobility
EU Return Coordinator
EUR-LO
Euro-African Dialogue on Migration and
Development
Euro-African Ministerial Conference on Migration
and Development
Eurojust
EUROMED
European Agency for the Management of
Operational Cooperation at the External Borders
of the Member States of the European Union
European Asylum Support Office
European Convention for the Protection of
Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms
European Court of Justice
European Fundamental Rights Agency
European Guardianship Network
European Integration Network
European Migration Forum
European migration liaison officer
European Migration Network
European Police Office
European return liaison officer
European travel document for the return of
illegally staying third-country nationals
European Union Agency for Asylum
European Union Agency for Criminal Justice
Cooperation
European Union Charter of Fundamental Rights
European Union Emergency Trust Fund for
stability and addressing root causes of irregular
migration and displaced persons in Africa
European Union - Latin America and the
Carribbean structured and comprehensive
bi-regional Dialogue on Migration (EU-CELAC MD)
EUROSUR
EU talent partnership
EUTF for Africa
ex nunc examination
expulsion order
FADO
failed applicant of international protection
failed asylum seeker
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
100
354
191
342
507
217
459
459
223
198
202
200
206
129
224
208
210
211
212
214
227
217
218
220
223
100
229
195
205
577
229
234
238
242
489
489
635
false identity document
false travel document
family reunion
family unity
female circumcision
FGM
first asylum principle
forced return monitoring system
forced return monitoring tool
foreigner
foreign worker
forged identity document
forged travel document
formal decision
FRA
fraudulent identity document
fraudulent travel document
freedom of movement
free movement
Frontex
Fundamental Rights Agency
GAM
GAMM
GBV
GDISC
gender-based violence
gender-related persecution
gender-specific harm
gender-specific persecution
Geneva Convention of 1951 and Protocol of 1967
Geneva Refugee Convention and New York
Protocol
geographic restriction on residence
GFMD
Global Approach to Migration
grounds for persecution
guarantees for detention
habitual residence
healthcare benefits
High-Level Network for Returns
High Level Network on Return
highly qualified migrant worker
highly skilled migrant
HLWG
Hotspot Standard Operating Procedures (H-SOPs)
636
266
266
249
518
251
251
256
264
264
48
392
266
266
320
224
266
266
519
342
202
224
276
276
272
273
272
271
272
271
274
274
58
278
276
118
150
605
20
287
287
290
290
288
559
Hotspot System
H-SOPs
human trafficking
IBM
ICAO format
ICONet
ID card
ID document
Identity card
IDP
IFA
IGC
illegal entry
illegal immigration
illegal migrant
illegal migration
illegal stay
ILO
Immigrant
immigrant labour market integration
immigrant population
Immigration
imposter
inculturation
information and awareness raising campaign on
the risk of irregular migration
information on third countries
insufficiently documented migrant
integration of migrants into the labour market
interculturalism
intercultural mediator
Inter-EU migration
internal border
internal flight alternative
internal protection alternative
internal relocation alternative
internal Schengen border
international protection determination procedure
international protection recognition rate
international refugee law
interview in an asylum context
intra EU / EFTA-mobility
Intra-EU migration
IOM
IPA
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
295
559
591
209
337
325
308
308
308
336
335
333
344
348
346
348
350
316
314
356
391
315
319
27
71
126
346
356
412
135
342
334
335
335
335
334
450
473
479
439
342
342
338
335
IRMA
349
irregular migration awareness raising campaign
71
irregular secondary movement of migrants
531
ius sanguinis
351
joint return operation
511
JRO
511
jus sanguinis
351
jus soli
352
JVAP
353
labour migrant
392
LADO
362
language and speech analysis for the
362
determination of origin
language course
363
legal avenue
366
legalisation
484
legal representative
499
LGB
368
LGBT
368
LGBTIQIA
368
LGBTQ
368
LMT
358
loss of nationality
377
MARRI
405
medical benefits
20
membership of a particular social group
432
migrant in an irregular siuation
346
migrant smuggling
548
migrant with irregular status
346
migration management
379
migratory flow
398
MIM
413
MIPEX
390
MME Partnership
45
MP
411
MRA
414
MTM
153
multiple citizenship
159
multiple nationality
159
mutual information mechanism concerning
413
Member States’ measures in the area of asylum
and immigration
national cooperation mechanism
416
nationality
106, 187
national liaison officer
316
NCPI
415
non-citizen
non-deportable
non-national
non-removable irregular migrant
NRM
objective grounds for seeking asylum occurring
after the applicant’s departure from their country
of origin
obligation to leave
obligation to return
obligatory residence
origin verification
overstay
permanent migration
permanent-type migration
personal interview
person in a migratory context
person of migrant origin
positive action
PRADO
Prague Process -Building Migration Partnerships
prima facie determination of refugee status
principle of equality of arms
principle of family unity
principle of the best interest(s) of the child
procedural safeguards
Programme refugee
protection determination procedure
push-back, pushback
push back at sea
quota refugee
RABIT
RDPP
reasons for persecution
receiving country
reception class
recognised refugee
recognised responsible adult
Reform Treaty
Refugee Convention
refugee determination procedure
regional protection programme (RPP)
regular migration
rejected applicant
repatriation support
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
48
423
48
423
416
481
509
509
58
184
430
374
374
439
438
438
441
453
444
279
183
518
76
449
501
450
455
455
501
462
483
118
291
445
119
282
369
274
450
483
365
489
498
637
resettled person
residence condition
residence obligation
residence rule
responsibility criteria in the context of the Dublin
Regulation
responsible adult
return migration
return monitoring
return programme
reverse brain drain
right to appeal
right to grant asylum
right to remain pending the decision
right to remain pending the examination of an
application
right to reside
right to seek asylum
RPP
RSD procedure
SAR operation
Schengen Visa Code
SCIFA
seasonal migrant
seasonal worker migrant
secondary migrant
secondary movement of asylum seekers and
refugees
second-generation immigrant
second-generation Schengen Information System
short-term visa
SIRENE
SIS
SIS II
skill matching
Smart Borders
social-cultural orientation course
social-cultural orientation training
social group
Söderköping Process
speech-text-analysis
speedy asylum procedure
speedy international protection procedure
sponsorship
state liaison officer
state of nationality
638
501
58
58
58
161
282
506
264
61
87
515
513
573
573
514
516
483
450
529
610
568
530
530
531
531
532
527
539
545
527
527
359
546
107
107
432
166
362
15
15
113
316
124
state of origin
stock of migrants
Stronger and Smarter Information Systems for
Borders and Security
subjective grounds for seeking asylum based on
the applicant’s activities in their host country
successful return
supervision
Supplementary Information Request at the
National Entries Bureau
suspension of removal
sustainable reintegration
Take back notification
Talent Pool
TCN
temporary international relocation initiative
temporary suspension of removal
third-country information
third-country national mobility
TIRI
tolerated stay
transition class
transit visa
Treaty of Lisbon
UAM
UASC
UfM
unaccompanied and separated child
unauthorised crossing of the external EU border
unauthorised migrant
unauthorised migration
UNCRC
undesirable and non-removable migrant
undocumented migrant
undocumented migration
UNHCR
Union for the Mediterranean
Valetta Joint Action Plan
Valetta Summit Action Plan
VIS
visa on humanitarian grounds
voluntary repatriation
welcome class
Western Mediterranean Forum
Zaragosa Declaration
Zaragoza indicators
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
125
391
546
481
574
426
545
443
574
575
194
587
580
443
126
342
580
443
445
539
369
597
597
198
597
344
346
348
602
423
346
348
603
198
353
353
612
302
614
445
258
625
328
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
639
List of synonyms (referenced)
5+5 Dialogue
see Five plus Five (5+5) Dialogue on Migration in the
Western Mediterranean
asylum case worker
see case worker in procedures for international
protection
1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees and
the 1967 Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees
see Geneva Refugee Convention and Protocol
asylum claim
see application for asylum
1951 Geneva Convention
see Geneva Refugee Convention and Protocol
asylum determination officer
see case worker in procedures for international
protection
1951 Refugee Convention
see Geneva Refugee Convention and Protocol
asylum interview
see personal interview for international protection
ABC
see Automated Border Control (ABC)
asylum procedure
see procedure for international protection
accelerated procedure for international protection
see accelerated international protection procedure
asylum recognition rate
see recognition rate (in procedures for international
protection)
access to the labour market
see access to employment
accompanied minor
see accompanied child
ACP
see Africa Caribbean Pacific (ACP) Observatory on
Migration
ACP Observatory on Migration
see Africa Caribbean Pacific (ACP) Observatory on
Migration
acquis
see Union acquis
advance passenger data
see advance passenger information (API)
Advance Passenger Information System
see advance passenger information (API)
affirmative action
see positive discrimination
AFIS
see Automated Fingerprint Identification System
(AFIS)
Africa-EU MME Partnership
see Africa-EU Migration, Mobility and Employment
Partnership
AMIF
see Asylum, Migration and Integration Fund (AMIF)
amnesty (in the context of migration)
see regularisation
API
see advance passenger information (API)
APIS
see advance passenger information (API)
ASEM
see Asia-Europe Meeting (ASEM)
asylum application
see application for asylum
640
automated border control system
see Automated Border Control (ABC)
Automated Fingerprint Identification System
see Automated Fingerprint Identification System
(AFIS)
AVR assisted voluntary return and reintegration
see assisted voluntary return and reintegration
programme (AVRR)
AVR assisted voluntary return and reintegration package
see assisted voluntary return and reintegration
programme (AVRR)
AVVR
see assisted voluntary return and reintegration
programme (AVRR)
awareness raising and information campaign on migration
see awareness raising campaign on the risk of
irregular migration
Bali Process on People Smuggling, Trafficking in Persons
and Related Transnational Crime
see Bali Process
Barcelona Process
see Euro-Mediterranean Partnership (EUROMED)
beneficiary of temporary protection
see person enjoying temporary protection
best interest of the child
see best interests of the child (BIC)
best interests of the child assessment
see child’s best interests assessment (BIA)
best interests of the child determination
see child’s best interests determination (BID)
BIA
see child’s best interests assessment (BIA)
BIC
see best interests of the child (BIC)
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
biometrics
see biometric data
community sponsorship programme
see community sponsorship
black market
see informal economy
complementary pathway for admission of refugees to
third countries
see complementary pathway for admission to third
countries
business migrant
see highly qualified migrant
complimentary pathway for refugee admission
see complementary pathway for admission to third
countries
case officer
see case worker in procedures for international
protection
compulsory labour
see forced labour
case worker
see case worker in procedures for international
protection
compulsory return
see forced return
CEAS
see Common European Asylum System (CEAS)
compulsory work
see forced labour
child’s best interests assessment
see child’s best interests assessment (BIA)
concept of safe country of origin
see safe country of origin
child’s best interests determination
see child’s best interests determination (BID)
conditions of detention
see detention
circumcision
see female genital mutilation
CIREFI
see Centre for Information, Discussion and Exchange
on the Crossing of Frontiers and Immigration (CIREFI)
Civic-cultural training
see civic orientation course
Convention relating to the Status of Refugees
see Geneva Refugee Convention and Protocol
civic training
see civic orientation course
cooperation platform
see Cooperation Platform on Migration and
Development
(civil) war refugee
see civil war refugee
country information
see country of origin information (COI)
CJEU
see Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU)
country of first asylum
see first country of asylum
clandestine employment
see illegal employment
see informal economy
CRC
see United Nations Convention on the Rights of the
Child (UNCRC)
clandestine migrant
see irregular migrant
cross-border commuter
see cross-border worker
clandestine migration
see irregular migration
CSDP
see Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP)
COI
see country of origin information (COI)
Common Basic Principles for Immigrant Integration Policy
see Common Basic Principles
Community preference
see union preference
Convention implementing the Schengen Agreement
see Schengen Convention
Convention on the Rights of the Child
see United Nations Convention on the Rights of the
Child (UNCRC)
Civic orientation course
see civic orientation course
community-based sponsorship
see community sponsorship
contract worker
see contract migrant worker
cultural assimilation
see assimilation
cutting
see female genital mutilation
decision-maker
see case worker in procedures for international
protection
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
641
deportation
see removal
EMLO
see European migration liaison officer (EMLO)
deportation order
see removal order
EMN
see European Migration Network (EMN)
detention centre
see detention facility
eMRTD
see Automated Border Control (ABC)
detention conditions
see detention standards and conditions
ENP
see European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP)
detention guarantees
see detention standards and conditions
environmentally-driven migrant
see environmentally displaced person
detention standards
see detention standards and conditions
environmental refugee
see environmentally displaced person
determining asylum authority
see determining authority
ePassport
see Automated Border Control (ABC)
distribution of applicants for international protection
see distribution key
equal opportunities
see principle of equal treatment
Dublin responsibility criteria
see Dublin criteria
establishment of identity for international protection
see establishment of identity
duty to cooperate
see obligation to cooperate
establishment of identity of individuals in international
protection procedures
see establishment of identity
EAP
see Eastern Partnership (EAP)
EASO
see European Asylum Support Office (EASO)
EBCGA
see European Border and Coast Guard Agency
(Frontex)
ECHR
see European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR)
economic refugee
see economic migrant
ECtHR
see European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR)
education for immigrant children
see preparatory class
education for migrant children
see preparatory class
EES
see Entry/Exit System (EES)
EGN
see European Guardianship Network (EGN)
EIN
see European Integration Network (EIN)
emergency relocation
see emergency response system
emergency relocation
see relocation
EMF
see European Migration Forum (EMF)
642
ethnicity
see ethnic nationality
ETIAS
see European Travel Information and Authorisation
System (ETIAS)
EUAA
see European Union Agency for Asylum (EUAA)
EU acquis
see Union acquis
EU Agency for Asylum
see European Union Agency for Asylum (EUAA)
EU-CELAC MD
see EU-LAC Structured Dialogue on Migration
EU Charter of Fundamental Rights
see Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European
Union
EU citizen
see union citizen
EU Emergency Trust Fund for Africa
see European Union Emergency Trust Fund for Africa
(EUTF for Africa)
EU Fundamental Rights Charter
see Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European
Union
EU-Horn of Africa-Migration Route Initiative
see Khartoum Process
EUIP
see EU Immigration Portal
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
European Union Agency for Criminal Justice Cooperation
see European Union Agency for Criminal Justice
Cooperation (Eurojust)
EU mobility
see intra-EU mobility
EU Return Coordinator
see Return Coordinator
European Union Charter of Fundamental Rights
see Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European
Union
EUR-LO
see European return liaison officer (EURLO)
European Union Emergency Trust Fund for stability and
addressing root causes of irregular migration and
displaced persons in Africa
see European Union Emergency Trust Fund for Africa
(EUTF for Africa)
Euro-African Dialogue on Migration and Development
see Rabat Process
Euro-African Ministerial Conference on Migration and
Development
see Rabat Process
European Union - Latin America and the Carribbean
structured and comprehensive bi-regional Dialogue on
Migration (EU-CELAC MD)
see EU-LAC Structured Dialogue on Migration
Eurojust
see European Union Agency for Criminal Justice
Cooperation (Eurojust)
EUROMED
see Euro-Mediterranean Partnership (EUROMED)
European Agency for the Management of Operational
Cooperation at the External Borders of the Member States
of the European Union
see European Agenda on Migration
European Asylum Support Office
see European Asylum Support Office (EASO)
EU talent partnership
see talent partnership
EUTF for Africa
see European Union Emergency Trust Fund for Africa
(EUTF for Africa)
ex nunc examination
see ex-nunc examination
European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights
and Fundamental Freedoms
see European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR)
expulsion order
see expulsion decision
European Court of Justice
see Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU)
FADO
see False and Authentic Documents Online (FADO)
European Fundamental Rights Agency
see European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights
(FRA)
failed applicant of international protection
see rejected applicant for international protection
failed asylum seeker
see rejected applicant for international protection
European Guardianship Network
see European Guardianship Network (EGN)
false identity document
see fraudulent travel or identity document
European Integration Network
see European Integration Network (EIN)
false travel document
see fraudulent travel or identity document
European Migration Forum
see European Migration Forum (EMF)
family reunion
see family reunification
European migration liaison officer
see European migration liaison officer (EMLO)
family unity
see right to family unity
European Migration Network
see European Migration Network (EMN)
female circumcision
see female genital mutilation
European Police Office
see European return liaison officer (EURLO)
FGM
see female genital mutilation
European return liaison officer
see European return liaison officer (EURLO)
European travel document for the return of illegally staying
third-country nationals
see European travel document for return
European Union Agency for Asylum
see European Union Agency for Asylum (EUAA)
EUROSUR
see European Border Surveillance System (EUROSUR)
first asylum principle
see first country of asylum
forced return monitoring system
see forced return monitoring
forced return monitoring tool
see forced return monitoring
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
643
foreigner
see alien
Geneva Refugee Convention and New York Protocol
see Geneva Refugee Convention and Protocol
foreign worker
see migrant worker
geographic restriction on residence
see assigned area of residence
forged identity document
see fraudulent travel or identity document
GFMD
see Global Forum on Migration and Development
(GFMD)
forged travel document
see fraudulent travel or identity document
formal decision
see inadmissible application for international
protection
FRA
see European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights
(FRA)
Global Approach to Migration
see Global Approach to Migration and Mobility
(GAMM)
grounds for persecution
see Convention grounds for persecution
guarantees for detention
see detention standards and conditions
fraudulent identity document
see fraudulent travel or identity document
habitual residence
see usual residence
fraudulent travel document
see fraudulent travel or identity document
healthcare benefits
see access to healthcare
freedom of movement
see right to free movement
High-Level Network for Returns
see High-Level Network for Return
free movement
see intra-EU mobility
High Level Network on Return
see High-Level Network for Return
Frontex
see European Border and Coast Guard Agency
(Frontex)
highly qualified migrant worker
see highly qualified migrant
Fundamental Rights Agency
see European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights
(FRA)
GAM
see Global Approach to Migration and Mobility
(GAMM)
GAMM
see Global Approach to Migration and Mobility
(GAMM)
GBV
see gender-specific violence
GDISC
see General Directors’ Immigration Services
Conference (GDISC)
gender-based violence
see gender-specific violence
gender-related persecution
see gender-based persecution
gender-specific harm
see gender-specific violence
gender-specific persecution
see gender-based persecution
Geneva Convention of 1951 and Protocol of 1967
see Geneva Refugee Convention and Protocol
644
highly skilled migrant
see highly qualified migrant
HLWG
see High-Level Working Group (HLWG) on Asylum and
Migration
Hotspot Standard Operating Procedures (H-SOPs)
see standard operating procedures applicable in
hotspots
Hotspot System
see hotspot approach
H-SOPs
see standard operating procedures applicable in
hotspots
human trafficking
see trafficking in human beings
IBM
see European integrated border management
ICAO format
see International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO)
format
ICONet
see Information and Coordination Network for
Member States’ Migration Management Services
(ICONet)
ID card
see identity document
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
ID document
see identity document
Inter-EU migration
see intra-EU mobility
Identity card
see identity document
internal border
see internal EU border
IDP
see internally displaced person
internal flight alternative
see internal protection
IFA
see internal protection
internal protection alternative
see internal protection
IGC
see Intergovernmental Consultations on Migration,
Asylum and Refugees (IGC)
internal relocation alternative
see internal protection
internal Schengen border
see internal EU border
illegal entry
see irregular entry
international protection determination procedure
see procedure for international protection
illegal immigration
see irregular migration
illegal migrant
see irregular migrant
international protection recognition rate
see recognition rate (in procedures for international
protection)
illegal migration
see irregular migration
international refugee law
see refugee law
illegal stay
see irregular stay
interview in an asylum context
see personal interview for international protection
ILO
see Immigration Liaison Officer (ILO)
intra EU / EFTA-mobility
see intra-EU mobility
Immigrant
see immigrant
Intra-EU migration
see intra-EU mobility
immigrant labour market integration
see labour market integration
IOM
see International Organization for Migration (IOM)
immigrant population
see migrant stock
IPA
see internal protection
Immigration
see immigration
IRMA
see Irregular Migration Management Application
(IRMA)
imposter
see impostor
inculturation
see acculturation
irregular migration awareness raising campaign
see awareness raising campaign on the risk of
irregular migration
information and awareness raising campaign on the risk of
irregular migration
see awareness raising campaign on the risk of
irregular migration
irregular secondary movement of migrants
see secondary movement of migrants
ius sanguinis
see ius sanguinis
information on third countries
see country of origin information (COI)
joint return operation
see return operation
insufficiently documented migrant
see irregular migrant
JRO
see return operation
integration of migrants into the labour market
see labour market integration
jus sanguinis
see ius sanguinis
interculturalism
see multiculturalism
jus soli
see ius soli
intercultural mediator
see cultural mediator
JVAP
see Joint Valletta Action Plan (JVAP)
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
645
labour migrant
see migrant worker
MIPEX
see Migrant Integration Policy Index (MIPEX)
LADO
see language analysis for the determination of origin
(LADO)
MME Partnership
see Africa-EU Migration, Mobility and Employment
Partnership
language and speech analysis for the determination of
origin
see language analysis for the determination of origin
(LADO)
MP
see mobility partnership
language course
see language training
MTM
see Dialogue on Mediterranean Transit Migration
legal avenue
see legal pathway
legalisation
see regularisation
legal representative
see representative
LGB
see LGBTIQ
LGBT
see LGBTIQ
LGBTIQIA
see LGBTIQ
LGBTQ
see LGBTIQ
LMT
see labour market test
loss of nationality
see loss of citizenship
MARRI
see Migration, Asylum, Refugees Regional Initiative
(MARRI)
medical benefits
see access to healthcare
membership of a particular social group
see particular social group
migrant in an irregular siuation
see irregular migrant
migrant smuggling
see smuggling of migrants
migrant with irregular status
see irregular migrant
migration management
see managed migration
migratory flow
see migration flow
MIM
see mutual information mechanism
646
MRA
see mutual recognition agreement
multiple citizenship
see dual citizenship
multiple nationality
see dual citizenship
mutual information mechanism concerning Member
States’ measures in the area of asylum and immigration
see mutual information mechanism
national cooperation mechanism
see national referral mechanism
nationality
see citizenship
nationality
see ethnic nationality
national liaison officer
see Immigration Liaison Officer (ILO)
NCPI
see National Contact Points on Integration
non-citizen
see alien
non-deportable
see non-removable returnee
non-national
see alien
non-removable irregular migrant
see non-removable returnee
NRM
see national referral mechanism
objective grounds for seeking asylum occurring after the
applicant’s departure from their country of origin
see refugee sur place
obligation to leave
see return decision
obligation to return
see return decision
obligatory residence
see assigned area of residence
origin verification
see establishment of identity
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
overstay
see overstayer
receiving country
see host country
permanent migration
see long-term migration
reception class
see preparatory class
permanent-type migration
see long-term migration
recognised refugee
see Convention refugee
personal interview
see personal interview for international protection
recognised responsible adult
see guardian
person in a migratory context
see person with a migratory background
Reform Treaty
see Lisbon Treaty
person of migrant origin
see person with a migratory background
Refugee Convention
see Geneva Refugee Convention and Protocol
positive action
see positive discrimination
refugee determination procedure
see procedure for international protection
PRADO
see Public Register of Authentic Travel and Identity
Documents Online (PRADO)
regional protection programme (RPP)
see regional development and protection programme
(RDPP)
Prague Process -Building Migration Partnerships
see Prague Process
regular migration
see legal migration
prima facie determination of refugee status
see group determination of refugee status
rejected applicant
see rejected applicant for international protection
principle of equality of arms
see equality of arms
repatriation support
see repatriation assistance
principle of family unity
see right to family unity
resettled person
see resettled refugee
principle of the best interest(s) of the child
see best interests of the child (BIC)
residence condition
see assigned area of residence
procedural safeguards
see procedural guarantees
residence obligation
see assigned area of residence
Programme refugee
see resettled refugee
residence rule
see assigned area of residence
protection determination procedure
see procedure for international protection
responsibility criteria in the context of the Dublin
Regulation
see Dublin criteria
push-back
see push back
responsible adult
see guardian
pushback
see push back
return migration
see return
push back at sea
see push back
return monitoring
see forced return monitoring
quota refugee
see resettled refugee
return programme
see assisted voluntary return and reintegration
programme (AVRR)
RABIT
see Rapid Border Intervention Team (RABIT)
RDPP
see regional development and protection programme
(RDPP)
reasons for persecution
see Convention grounds for persecution
reverse brain drain
see brain gain
right to appeal
see right to an effective remedy
right to grant asylum
see right of asylum
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
647
right to remain pending the decision
see suspensive effect
social group
see particular social group
right to remain pending the examination of an application
see suspensive effect
Söderköping Process
see Eastern Partnership (EAP)
right to reside
see right of residence
speech-text-analysis
see language analysis for the determination of origin
(LADO)
right to seek asylum
see right to asylum
RPP
see regional development and protection programme
(RDPP)
speedy asylum procedure
see accelerated international protection procedure
speedy international protection procedure
see accelerated international protection procedure
RSD procedure
see procedure for international protection
sponsorship
see community sponsorship
SAR operation
see search and rescue (SAR) operation
state liaison officer
see Immigration Liaison Officer (ILO)
Schengen Visa Code
see Visa Code
state of nationality
see country of nationality
SCIFA
see Strategic Committee on Immigration, Frontiers
and Asylum (SCIFA)
state of origin
see country of origin
seasonal migrant
see seasonal worker
seasonal worker migrant
see seasonal worker
secondary migrant
see secondary movement of migrants
secondary movement of asylum seekers and refugees
see secondary movement of migrants
second-generation immigrant
see second-generation migrant
second-generation Schengen Information System
see Schengen Information System (SIS)
short-term visa
see short-stay visa
SIRENE
see Sirene Bureau
SIS
see Schengen Information System (SIS)
SIS II
see Schengen Information System (SIS)
skill matching
see labour matching
Smart Borders
see Smart Borders Package
social-cultural orientation course
see civic orientation course
social-cultural orientation training
see civic orientation course
648
stock of migrants
see migrant stock
Stronger and Smarter Information Systems for Borders
and Security
see Smart Borders Package
subjective grounds for seeking asylum based on the
applicant’s activities in their host country
see refugee sur place
successful return
see sustainable return
supervision
see obligation to report
Supplementary Information Request at the National
Entries Bureau
see Sirene Bureau
suspension of removal
see postponement of removal
sustainable reintegration
see sustainable return
Take back notification
see take back request
Talent Pool
see EU Talent Pool
TCN
see third-country national
temporary international relocation initiative
see temporary international relocation initiative (TIRI)
temporary suspension of removal
see postponement of removal
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
third-country information
see country of origin information (COI)
visa on humanitarian grounds
see humanitarian visa
third-country national mobility
see intra-EU mobility
voluntary repatriation
see voluntary return
TIRI
see temporary international relocation initiative (TIRI)
welcome class
see preparatory class
tolerated stay
see postponement of removal
Western Mediterranean Forum
see Five plus Five (5+5) Dialogue on Migration in the
Western Mediterranean
transition class
see preparatory class
transit visa
see short-stay visa
Treaty of Lisbon
see Lisbon Treaty
Zaragosa Declaration
see Zaragoza Declaration on Integration
Zaragoza indicators
see integration indicators
UAM
see unaccompanied minor
UASC
see unaccompanied minor
UfM
see Euro-Mediterranean Partnership (EUROMED)
unaccompanied and separated child
see unaccompanied minor
unauthorised crossing of the external EU border
see irregular entry
unauthorised migrant
see irregular migrant
unauthorised migration
see irregular migration
UNCRC
see United Nations Convention on the Rights of the
Child (UNCRC)
undesirable and non-removable migrant
see non-removable returnee
undocumented migrant
see irregular migrant
undocumented migration
see irregular migration
UNHCR
see United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
(UNHCR)
Union for the Mediterranean
see Euro-Mediterranean Partnership (EUROMED)
Valetta Joint Action Plan
see Joint Valletta Action Plan (JVAP)
Valetta Summit Action Plan
see Joint Valletta Action Plan (JVAP)
VIS
see Visa Information System (VIS)
EMN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 10.0
649
European Migration Network
For more information
EMN website: http://ec.europa.eu/emn
EMN LinkedIn page: https://www.linkedin.com/company/european-migration-network
EMN X account: https://x.com/emnmigration
EMN YouTube channel: https://www.youtube.com/@EMNMigration
EMN National Contact Points
Austria www.emn.at/en/
Belgium www.emnbelgium.be/
Bulgaria www.emn-bg.com/
Croatia emn.gov.hr/
Cyprus www.moi.gov.cy/moi/crmd/emnncpc.nsf/
home/home?opendocument
Czech Republic www.emncz.eu/
Estonia www.emn.ee/
Finland emn.fi/en/
France www.immigration.interieur.gouv.fr/
Europe-et-International/Le-reseau-europeen-des-migrations-REM3/Le-reseau-europeen-des-migrations-REM2
Germany www.bamf.de/EN/Themen/EMN/emnnode.html
Greece https://migration.gov.gr/emn/
Hungary www.emnhungary.hu/en
Ireland www.emn.ie/
Italy www.emnitalyncp.it/
Latvia www.emn.lv
Lithuania www.emn.lt/
Luxembourg emnluxembourg.uni.lu/
Malta emn.gov.mt/
The Netherlands www.emnnetherlands.nl/
Poland www.gov.pl/web/european-migration-network
Portugal rem.sef.pt/en/
Romania www.mai.gov.ro/
Spain www.emnspain.gob.es/en/home
Slovak Republic www.emn.sk/en
Slovenia emnslovenia.si
Sweden www.emnsweden.se/
Norway www.udi.no/en/statistics-and-analysis/
european-migration-network---norway#
Georgia migration.commission.ge/
Republic of Moldova bma.gov.md/en
Ukraine dmsu.gov.ua/en-home.html
Montenegro www.gov.me/mup
Armenia migration.am/?lang=en
Serbia kirs.gov.rs/eng
North Macedonia