ǪȍȕȍȌȐȒȚ
ǴǨǸǺ
ǹDzdzȇǵDzǨ
Ǻȇǵ-Ȁǰ-ǵȅ
ǹȖȉȘȈȕȐȍ șȖȟȐȕȍȕȐȑ
ǺȖȔ II
CȜȟȠȎȐȖȠȓșȪ
ǿȓȞȑȓȗ ȆǮǾDZǼǾǼDzǿǸǶǷ
ȝȞȖ ȏșȖȔȎȗȦȓȚ ȡȥȎȟȠȖȖ
ǮșȓȘȟȎțȒȞȎ ǿȀdzǽǮǻǼǰǮ
Salamandra P.V.V.

ǴȈȘȚ Ǫ. (ǴȈȚȊȍȍȊ Ǫ ǵ)
ǹȒȓȧȕȒȈ Ǻȧȕ-ȠȐ-ȕȥ ǹȖȉȘȈȕȐȍ șȖȟȐȕȍȕȐȑ Ǻ II). CȖșȚ ǹ ȀȈȘȋȖȘȖȌșȒȐȑ ȗȘȐ
ȉȓȐȎȈȑȠȍȔ țȟȈșȚȐȐ Ǩ ǹȚȍȗȈȕȖȊȈ ǷȖȌȋ ȚȍȒșȚȖȊ ȉȐȖȋȘ ȖȟȍȘȒ Ȑ ȒȖȔȔ ǹ ȀȈȘ-
ȋȖȘȖȌșȒȖȋȖ — ǩ Ȕ Salamandra P.V.V., 2020. — 228 ș Ȑȓȓ ǩȐȉȓȐȖȚȍȒȈ ȈȊȈȕ-
ȋȈȘȌȈ Ȋȣȗ XXXVIII).
ǵȈșȚȖȧȡȍȍ ȐȏȌȈȕȐȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚ șȖȉȖȑ ȗȍȘȊȖȍ Ȑ ȕȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ ȗȖȓȕȖȍ șȖȉȘȈȕȐȍ șȖȟȐȕȍȕȐȑ
ǪȍȕȍȌȐȒȚȈ ǴȈȘȚȈ — ©ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȖȋȖ ȗȖȥȚȈª ȌȘțȋȈ ȖȉȥȘȐțȚȖȊ Ȑ ȏȈțȔȕȐȒȖȊ ȓȍȋȍȕȌȣ ȈȊȈȕȋȈȘȌȈ
ǬȈȓȤȕȍȋȖ ǪȖșȚȖȒȈ ȔȖȘȜȐȕȐșȚȈ Ȑ ȖȗȐȖȔȈȕȈ ȗȘȖȠȍȌȠȍȋȖ ȗțȚȤ ȖȚ ȏȈȊșȍȋȌȈȚȈȧ ȊȓȈȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒ-
șȒȐȝ ȒȈȉȈȘȍ Ȑ ȕȈȘȒȖȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȗȘȐȚȖȕȖȊ ǽȈȘȉȐȕȈ ȌȖ ȘȈșșȚȘȍȓȈ Ȋ DzȐȍȊȍ Ȋ  ȋȖȌț ǽȖȚȧ Ǫ
ǴȈȘȚȈ ȗȘȐȕȧȚȖ ȗȘȐȟȐșȓȧȚȤ Ȓ ȜțȚțȘȐșȚȈȔ ȍȋȖ ȘȍȌȟȈȑȠȐȍ șȉȖȘȕȐȒȐ -ȝ – ȕȈȟȈȓȈ -ȝ ȋȋ
șȖȟȍȚȈȦȡȐȍ șȚȐȝȐ Ȑ ȊȐȏȐȖȕȍȘșȒțȦ ȗȘȖȏț ȕȍ ȗȖȌȌȈȦȚșȧ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȔ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȐȧȔ ǷȖȏȌȕȍȍ Ǫ
ǴȈȘȚ ȊȣșȚțȗȈȓ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȖȏȈȐȒ ȈȊȚȖȘ ȧȘȒȐȝ Ȑ ȕȈșȣȡȍȕȕȣȝ ȥȒȏȖȚȐȒȖȑ ǬȈȓȤȕȍȋȖ ǪȖșȚȖȒȈ DzȐȚȈȧ
Ȑ ȇȗȖȕȐȐ ȗȖȊȍșȚȍȑ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȖȊ Ȑ ȖȟȍȘȒȖȊ Ȉ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȕȈȗȐșȈȕȕȖȋȖ Ȋ șȖȈȊȚȖȘșȚȊȍ ȈȊȈȕȚȦȘȕȖȋȖ
ȘȖȔȈȕȈ ©ǮȍȓȚȣȑ ȌȤȧȊȖȓª ǷȖȌȈȊȓȧȦȡȍȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȕșȚȊȖ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȑ ȊȖȠȍȌȠȐȝ Ȋ ȌȈȕ-
ȕȖȍ șȖȉȘȈȕȐȍ ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ȕȍȌȖșȚțȗȕȣȔ Ȍȓȧ ȟȐȚȈȚȍȓȍȑ ǹȖȉȘȈȕȐȍ șȕȈȉȎȍȕȖ ȗȖȌ-
ȘȖȉȕȣȔȐ ȒȖȔȔȍȕȚȈȘȐȧȔȐ Ȑ ȊȒȓȦȟȈȍȚ ȉȐȖȋȘȈȜȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȈȓȣ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȐșȓȍ șȓȍȌșȚȊȍȕ-
ȕȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ Ǫ ǴȈȘȚȈ  ȋ ȜȈȒșȐȔȐȓȤȕȣȍ ȗțȉȓȐȒȈȞȐȐ ȘȍȗȘȖȌțȒȞȐȐ ȖȉȓȖȎȍȒ Ȑ ȐȓȓȦșȚȘȈȞȐȑ
ȗȍȘȊȖȐȏȌȈȕȐȑ
Ǫ «CȒȓȧȕȒț Ǻȧȕ-ȠȐ-ȕȥ», ȊȚȖȘȖȑ ȚȖȔ șȖȉȘȈȕȐȧ ȊȖȠȓȐ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣ ȗȖȊȍșȚȐ Ȑ ȔȐȕȐȈȚȦȘȣ
șȖȏȌȈȕȕȣȍ Ǫ ǴȈȘȚȖȔ Ȋ 1910-ȝ – 1930-ȝ ȋȋ
© A. Stepanov, S. Shargorodsky, cȖșȚȈȊ, 2020
© S. Shargorodsky, ȗȖȌȋ ȚȍȒșȚȈ ,ȉȐȖȋȘ ȖȟȍȘȒ ȒȖȔȔȍȕȚ 
© Salamandra P.V.V ȖȜȖȘȔȓȍȕȐȍ 20

ǹDzdzȇǵDzǨ
Ǻȇǵ-Ȁǰ-ǵȅ

DZǹǮǵ
(ǺȖțȖȎȠȬȞȎ)

8
— ǽȖȚȐȚȍ ȧ ȘȈșșȒȈȎț ȊȈȔ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒțȦ ȊȍȡȐȟȒț"
DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȖȟȈȘȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ ǨȕȕȈ ǪȐȒȚȖȘȖȊȕȈ ȏȕȈȓȈ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ ș țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȍȔ
ȉțȌțȚ șȓțȠȈȚȤ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȍȍ ©ȊȍȡȐȟȒȐª ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȉȣȓȐ șȚȖȓȤ Ȏȍ țȊȓȍȒȈȚȍȓȤȕȣ Ȑ
Ȑȏȧȡȕȣ ȒȈȒ Ȑ Ȑȝ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȟȐȞȈ ȕȖ ȏȈȌȈȓȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȊȖȗȘȖș ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȓȧ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ
ȊȖȏȉțȌȐȚȤ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȕȍȚȍȘȗȍȕȐȧ Ȋ șȊȖȐȝ ȌȘțȏȤȧȝ
— ǸȈșșȒȈȎȐȚȍ ǸȈșșȒȈȎȐȚȍ — ȗȘȖșȐȓȐ Ȋșȍ
ǨȕȕȈ ǪȐȒȚȖȘȖȊȕȈ țȓȣȉȕțȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȚȐȝȖ ȘȖȊȕȣȔ ȗȘȐȧȚȕȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȕȈȟȈȓȈ
ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ șȊȖȦ «ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒțȦ ȊȍȡȐȟȒț».
— ȇ ȘȈșșȒȈȎț ȊȈȔ Ȗ ȓȦȉȊȐ șȖ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖȦ ȗȘȐȟțȌȖȦ
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— Ƕ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓ Ȗȉȣȟȕȣȑ ȖșȍȕȕȐȑ ȊȍȟȍȘ ȗȖ-ȗȍȚȘȖȋȘȈȌșȒȐ ǽȖȚȤ șȍȑȟȈș Ȋȣȑ-
ȌȐȚȍ ȕȈ ȉȈȓȒȖȕ Ȑ Ȋȣ țȊȐȌȐȚȍ ȍȔț ȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȑ ȊȖ Ȋșȍȑ ȍȋȖ ȚȖșȒȓȐȊȖȑ ȔȖȒȘȖȚȍ
ǯȕȈȍȚȍ Ȋ ȚȈȒȐȍ ȚțșȒȓȣȍ ȊȍȟȍȘȈ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȉȣȊȈȦȚ ȗȘȐȟțȌȓȐȊȣȍ ȕȈșȚȘȖȍȕȐȧ șȚȘȈȕ-
ȕȣȍ, — șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍ șȖȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊțȦȡȐȍ ȊșȍȔț ȖȒȘțȎȈȦȡȍȔț — ȎȍȓȈȕȐȧ
ǪȌȘțȋ ȝȖȟȍȚșȧ ȕȍȎȕȖȋȖ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȈ țȓȣȉȒȐ ǯȈȝȖȟȍȚșȧ ȐȌȍȠȤ ȊȋȓȧȌȣ-
ȊȈȍȠȤșȧ Ȋ ȓȐȞȈ ȗȘȖȝȖȎȐȝ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȕȈȘȖȟȕȖ Ȋșȍ ȊșȚȘȍȟȕȣȍ ȗȈșȔțȘȕȣ ȕȍȊȍșȍȓȣ
ȖȏȈȉȖȟȍȕȣ ȚȖȘȖȗȧȚșȧ ȉȍȋțȚ ȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ Ȑ ȕȍ ȊȏȋȓȧȕțȚ ȌȈȎȍ
ǪȖȚ Ȋ ȚȈȒȖȔ ȕȈșȚȘȖȍȕȐȐ ȧ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȓȈșȤ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ Ȑȏ ȚȍȈȚȘȈ ǶșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȈșȤ ț
ȚȘȈȔȊȈȑȕȖȑ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȒȐ Ȑ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ țȊȐȌȍȓȈ ȋ ǵ — ȋȍȘȖȧ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈ
Ƕȕ șȚȖȧȓ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȜȖȕȈȘȧ ȗȘȖȜȐȓȍȔ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ Ƕȕ șȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȕȍ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȓ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȕȐ-
ȔȈȕȐȧ ȕȖ ȊȌȘțȋ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ Ȋ ȔȖȦ șȚȖȘȖȕț ǺȘȈȔȊȈȑ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȓșȧ Ȑ ȧ Ȋ
ȖȎȐȌȈȕȐȐ ȍȋȖ țșȗȍȓȈ... ȊȓȦȉȐȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȋ ǵ ȊȍȘȕȍȍ — Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȓȍȊȣȑ ȋȓȈȏ ǹȚȘȈȕ-
ȕȖ — ț ȕȍȋȖ ȉȣȓȐ ȘȈȏȕȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȓȍȊȣȑ — șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȊȍȓȐȟȈȊȖ Ȑ
șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȗȘȈȊȣȑ — ȉȣȓ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȊȏȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȕ ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ Ȑ ș ȚȘȍȊȖȋȖȑ ȊȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȓșȧ
ȊȖ Ȕȋȓț ǷȖȌȖȠȍȓ ȊȈȋȖȕ Ǵȣ șȍȓȐ ȌȘțȋ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȌȘțȋȈ. ȇ Ȋșȍ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȈ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȓȍ-
Ȋȣȑ ȋȓȈȏ Ȑ Ȕȍȕȧ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȘȈȌȖȊȈȓȖ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȓȖ ȍȋȖ
— ǹȝȖȎț ș ȊȈȋȖȕȈ Ȗȕ ȚȖȎȍ ǹȓȍȌțȍȚ ȏȈ ȔȕȖȑ ǯȈȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ ȗȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ș ȕȐȔ.
ȇ țȘȖȕȐȓȈ ȏȖȕȚȐȒ ǷȖȏȕȈȒȖȔȐȓȐșȤ
— ǺȈȒ ȕȈȟȈȓșȧ ȔȖȑ ȘȖȔȈȕ
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ǹ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȊȍȟȍȘȈ ȧ ȟȈșȚȖ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȓȈșȤ ș ȕȐȔ Ȗȕ șȚȈȓ ȉȣȊȈȚȤ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȘȈȏȊȓȍ-
ȒȈȓ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȔȐ Ȗ ǹȐȉȐȘȐ Ȗ ȚȈȑȋȍ ǩȣȓ Ȗȕ șȣȕȖȔ șȐȉȐȘșȒȖȋȖ ȏȖȓȖȚȖȗȘȖȔȣȠ-
ȓȍȕȕȐȒȈ Ȋ ǷȍȚȘȖȋȘȈȌ ȗȘȐȍȝȈȓ ȘȈȏȊȓȍȟȤșȧ ȇ ȓȦȉȐȓȈ ȗȖȌȖȓȋț șȐȌȍȚȤ Ȗ ȕȐȔ
ȊȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȓȍȊȣȑ ȋȓȈȏ Ȑ șȓțȠȈȚȤ ȔȐȓȣȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣ DzȖȋȌȈ ȧ șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȍȔț Ȗ
ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ Ȕȕȍ ȕȘȈȊȐȚșȧ ȍȋȖ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȕȍȌȖșȚȈȚȖȒ: ȘȈȏȓȐȟȐȍ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ — Ȗȕ ȒȈȒ-

ȚȖ ȐșȗțȋȈȕȕȖ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ șȚȈȓ ȉȣșȚȘȖ Ȑ ȕȍȘȊȕȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ Ȗ ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ ȕȍ
ȐȔȍȦȡȍȔ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȖȉȡȍȋȖ ș ȔȖȐȔȐ șȓȖȊȈȔȐ.
Ƕȕ ȏȈȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȓ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȗȖșȓȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȒȈȒ ȧ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓȈ ȟȚȖ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȗȖ-
ȓȦȉȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ
Ǩ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ — ȓȦȉȖȊȤ. dzȦȉȖȊȤ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȈ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȋȖ-
ȊȖȘȐȠȤ Ȗ ȕȍȑ ȕȍ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ ȓȐ"
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— ǵȈ ȗȍȘȘȖȕȍ ȊȖȒȏȈȓȈ Ƕȕ țȍȏȎȈȓ Ȓ șȍȉȍ — Ȋ ǹȐȉȐȘȤ ȕȈ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȕȍșȧ-
ȞȍȊ ȇ ȗȘȖȊȖȎȈȓȈ ȍȋȖ
ǸȈȏȌȈȓșȧ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ ȏȊȖȕȖȒ
Ǵȣ ȗȘȖȡȈȓȐșȤ
— Ƕ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ Țȣ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓ Ȕȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȌȐȕ ȚȊȖȑ ȋȓȈȏ — ȓȍȊȣȑ, — ȗȖȠțȚȐȓȈ
ȧ ǪȌȘțȋ Ȗȕ șȚȘȖȋȖ Ȑ ȗȘȐșȚȈȓȤȕȖ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȚȐȝȖ ȕȍȘȊȕȖ ȘȈșșȔȍȧȓșȧ
ǺȘȍȚȐȑ ȏȊȖȕȖȒ
— ǪȖȏȤȔȐ — ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ Ȗȕ ș ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖȑ ȏȓȖȉȖȑ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖșȍ Ȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȊșȒȖȟȐȓ
ȕȈ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȒț ȊȈȋȖȕȈ
ǵȈ ȓȈȌȖȕȐ ȔȖȍȑ ȓȍȎȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȓȍȊȣȑ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȋȓȈȏ

©ȍ ȃǼȅȁ ǿǻdzDZǮª
(ǾȜȔȒȓȟȠȐȓțȟȘȎȭ ȚȖțȖȎȠȬȞȎ)

11
ȇ Ȗȟȕțȓșȧ ȖȚ șȐȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȚȖȓȟȒȈ ǺȖȟȕȖ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȣȑ țȌȈȘȐȓ ȔȖȡȕȣȔ
ȒțȓȈȒȖȔ ȗȖ șȚȍȕȍ ȌȖȔȈ Ȑ ȌȖȔ Ȑ Ȋșȍ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ȏȈȌȘȖȎȈȓȖ
ǹȚȘȈȕȕȣȑ ȠțȔ ǹȓȖȊȕȖ ȚȣșȧȟȐ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȌȘȈȓȐșȤ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ ȉȈȔȉțȒȖȊȣȔȐ ȗȈȓ-
ȒȈȔȐ ȐȓȐ ȔȖȕȈȝȐȕȐ șȚȘȖȑȕȣȔȐ ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȣȔȐ ȘȧȌȈȔȐ ȖȗțșȒȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȐ
Ȑ ȠȍȓȍșȚȍȓȐ ȊȣȋȓȈȎȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȒȘȍȗȖȊȣȔȐ ȗȓȈȚȤȧȔȐ ȐȓȐ ȚȣșȧȟȐ Ȗȋȕȍȕȕȣȝ ȧȏȣ-
ȒȖȊ ș ȚȘȍșȒțȟȐȔ ȠțȔȖȔ ȗȍȘȍȉȍȋȈȓȐ ȗȖ ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒȖȑ șțȝȖȑ ȉȍȘȍȋȖȊȖȑ ȒȖȘȍ
Ǫ ȔȖȦ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ȊȉȍȎȈȓȈ șȖșȍȌȒȈ
— ǷȍȘȍȗțȋȈȓȐșȤ" ǴȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȍ ȏȍȔȓȍȚȘȧșȍȕȐȍ ǷȘȐȊȣȒȈȑȚȍ — ȏȌȍșȤ Ȋ ǵȈȋȈ-
șȈȒȐ ȥȚȖ ȕȍȘȍȌȒȖȍ ȧȊȓȍȕȐȍ ǹȓȣȠȈȓȐ ȠțȔ" — ȅȚȖ ȠȍȓȍșȚȍȓȐ ȉțȔȈȎȕȣȍ ȌȖ-
ȔȐȒȐ ȖȚ șȖȚȘȧșȍȕȐȧ ǷȘȈȊȌȈ șȊȖȍȖȉȘȈȏȕȈȧ ȔțȏȣȒȈ DzȈȒ ȊȖȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȘȖȐȏȖ-
ȠȓȖ ȏȍȔȓȍȚȘȧșȍȕȐȍ — ȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ șȖȉȐȘȈȓȈșȤ ȉțȌȐȚȤ ȊȈș — ȊȍȌȤ, ȗȖȘȈ ȐȌȚȐ
Ȋ ȞȍȘȒȖȊȤ ǫȖȚȖȊȤȚȍșȤ — ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ ȖȕȈ
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȗȖȓȟȈșȈ ȧ ș ȕȍȑ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ ȕȈ «Minamiya-mate» Ȋ ȗȘȈȊȖșȓȈȊȕțȦ ȞȍȘ-
ȒȖȊȤ
ǩȣȓȖ țȎȍ șȖȊșȍȔ ȚȍȔȕȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȕȣ ȊȖȠȓȐ Ȋ ȈȗȍȓȤșȐȕȖȊțȦ ȘȖȡȐȞț Ȋ ȋȓț-
ȉȐȕȍ ȘȖȡȐȞȣ șȚȖȧȓȈ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȕȈȧ ȊȕțȚȘȐ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ ȞȍȘȒȖȊȤ
ǵȈ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȝ ȊȍȚȊȧȝ ȊȐșȍȓȐ ȘȈȏȕȖȞȊȍȚȕȣȍ ȉțȔȈȎȕȣȍ ȜȖȕȈȘȐȒȐ ȚțșȒȓȣȑ
ȔȐȋȈȦȡȐȑ șȊȍȚ Ȑȝ ȌȍȓȈȓ ȍȡȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ șțȔȘȈȟȕțȦ ȘȖȡȐȞț DzȖȍ-ȋȌȍ
ȒȈȒ ȏȖȓȖȚȣȍ ȔȧȟȐ șȊȍȠȐȊȈȓȐșȤ ȒȘțȗȕȣȍ ȈȗȍȓȤșȐȕȣ
ǰȏ ȞȍȘȒȊȐ ȕȍșȓȐșȤ ȋȖȓȖșȈ ȗȘȈȊȖșȓȈȊȕȖȋȖ șȊȧȡȍȕȕȐȒȈ-ȧȗȖȕȞȈ Ȑ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ
Ȑȏ ȔȖȓȧȡȐȝșȧ.
©ǨȘȘȐȝțȧ ȈȘȘȐȘțȧ ȈȘȘȐȘțȧ ǹȘȈȊȈ Țȍȉȍ ǩȖȌȏȐ ȔȖȑª — ȗȍȓȐ ȧȗȖȕȞȣ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȔ ȕȐȒȈȒ ȕȍ țȌȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍșȚȐ ȏȊțȒȐ ©ȓª Ȑ ©Ȏª
Ǫ ȘȖȡȐȞȍ ȖȉȣȟȕȖ ȚȍȔȕȖȑ Ȑ ȚȐȝȖȑ ȗȖ ȕȖȟȈȔ Ȋ ȥȚț ȘȖȎȌȍșȚȊȍȕșȒțȦ ȕȖȟȤ —
ȉȣȓȖ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȓȦȌȕȖ Ȑ ȠțȔȕȖ ǯȌȍșȤ șȖȉȘȈȓȈșȤ ȗȖȟȚȐ Ȋșȧ ȘțșșȒȈȧ ȒȖȓȖȕȐȧ
ȧȊȐȓȖșȤ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȈȊȖșȓȈȊȕȣȝ ȧȗȖȕȞȍȊ ț ȒȈȓȐȚȒȐ Ȑ ȏȈȉȖȘȈ ȚȖȓȗȐȓȐșȤ ȓȦȉȖ-
ȗȣȚȕȣȍ
ǪȏȖȠȓȈ ȓțȕȈ Ȑ ȖșȊȍȚȐȓȈ ȞȍȘȒȖȊȤ ȊȍȘȝȐ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȍȊ ȓȦȌȍȑ
ǹȖșȍȌȒȈ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ ȧ ȖȌȐȕȖȒȖ ȉȘȖȌȐȓ Ȋ ȊȍșȍȓȖȑ ȚȖȓȗȍ
ǵȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ ȔȖȍ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓȈ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȈȧ ȋȘțȗȗȈ ȘțșșȒȐȝ — ȌȍȊȖȟ-
ȒȈ ȕȈȘȧȎȍȕȕȈȧ Ȋ ȘȖȏȖȊȖȍ ȗȓȈȚȤȐȞȍ, ȔȧȋȒțȦ ȗțȝȖȊțȦ ȕȈȒȐȌȒț Ȑ ȌȊȍ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ
ȖȌȕȈ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȉȣȓȈ ȔȈȚȍȘȤȦ ȌȍȊȖȟȒȐ ȌȘțȋȈȧ — ȕȧȕȍȑ ǬȍȊȖȟȒȈ ȗțȝ-
ȓȍȕȤȒȐȔȐ ȘțȟȖȕȒȈȔȐ ȖȚȉȐȊȈȓȈșȤ ȖȚ ȕȧȕȐ ȍȍ ȕȈȌțȚȣȍ ȋțȉȒȐ ȌȘȖȎȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ
ȉȓȍșȚȍȓȐ șȓȍȏȐȕȒȐ
— ǵȍ ȗȓȈȟȤ ǵȐȕȖȟȒȈ ǹȔȖȚȘȐ ȒȈȒȐȍ ȒȘȈșȐȊȣȍ ȜȖȕȈȘȐȒȐ Ǩ ȊȖȕ ȚȈȔ — ȕȈ
ȕȍȉȍ ȏȊȍȏȌȖȟȒȐ șȊȍȚȧȚșȧ.. Ǩȝ ȓțȕȈ ȚȈȒȈȧ ǵț ȕȍ ȗȓȈȟȤ ǹȔȖȚȘȐ șȔȖȚȘȐ ȒȈ-
ȒȖȑ ȒȘȈșȐȊȣȑ ȈȗȍȓȤșȐȕ ȒȈȒ ȏȖȓȖȚȖȑ Ǵȣ șȒȖȘȖ ȗȖȑȌȍȔ ȌȖȔȖȑ Țȣ țșȕȍȠȤ Ȑ
ȚȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȐȌȍȚ ǬȍȌțȠȒȈ ǴȖȘȖȏ Ȑ ȗȘȐȕȍșȍȚ
ǸȣȌȈȕȐȧ ȘȍȉȍȕȒȈ ȗȘȍȘȊȈȓȐ șȓȖȊȈ ȔȈȚȍȘȐ
— ǵȍȚ ǬȍȌțȠȒȈ ǴȖȘȖȏ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȌȍȚ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȕȍȚ șȕȍȋȈ — șȒȊȖȏȤ șȓȍȏȣ ȓȍ-
ȗȍȚȈȓȈ ȌȍȊȖȟȒȈ — Ȑ ȧ ȝȖȟț șȕȍȋȈ ȧ ȝȖȟț șȕȍȋȈ șȕȍȋȈ șȕȍ
Ǫșȍ ȒȘțȋȖȔ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȟȈȘȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȑ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖ ȕȖ ȟțȎȌȖ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȟțȎȌȖ Ȋ
ȥȚț ȘȖȎȌȍșȚȊȍȕșȒțȦ ȕȖȟȤ
ǩȣȓȖ ȋȘțșȚȕȖ Ȕȕȍ ȇ ȘȈȏȣșȒȈȓ Ȋ ȚȖȓȗȍ șȖșȍȌȒț Ȑ ș ȕȍȦ ȗȖȒȐȕțȓ ȝȘȈȔ ȘȖ-
ȡȐȞț..

ǹȖșȍȌȒȈ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȊ ȔȖȍ ȕȈșȚȘȖȍȕȐȍ ȕȍ ȗȘȍȘȣȊȈȓȈ ȔȖȓȟȈȕȐȧ ǭȑ ȚȖȎȍ ȊȐȌȐ-
ȔȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȋȘțșȚȕȖ ǴȍȟȚȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ ȍȍ ȉȣȓ ȖȉȘȈȡȍȕ ȕȈ ȕȍȉȖ ȋțșȚȖ țșȍȧȕȕȖȍ
ȏȊȍȏȌȈȔȐ
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȕȣ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȐȓȐ Ȓ ȌȖȔț ȖȕȈ ȊȌȘțȋ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ șȎȈȓȈ ȔȖȦ ȘțȒț
Ȑ ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓȈ
— ǯȕȈȍȚȍ ȟȚȖ — ȊșȦ ȥȚț ȌȐȊȕțȦ ȗȘȐȘȖȌț Ȋșȍ Ȋșȍ ȧ ȗȘȖȔȍȕȧȓȈ ȉȣ șȍȑ-
ȟȈș ȕȈ ȒȖȔȖȒ șȕȍȋȈ ǪȍȘȐȚȍ"
DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȧ ȊȍȘȐȓ ȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȐȚȤ — ȗpeȌ ȔȕȖȦ Ȋșȍ ȍȡȍ șȚȖȧȓȖ ȏȈȗȓȈ-
ȒȈȕȕȖȍ ȓȐȟȐȒȖ Ȑ Ȋ țȠȈȝ ȏȊțȟȈȓȐ ȗȓȈȟ Ȑ șȓȖȊȈ ȔȈȓȦȚȒȐ
©ȇ ȝȖȟț șȕȍȋȈ șȕȍȋȈ șȕȍ»

ǿǸǹȍǻǸǮ
Ȁȍǻ-ȆǶ-ǻȋ

14
ǴȐȕȖȊȈȊ ȐȗȗȖȌȘȖȔ, ȧ ȊȣȠȍȓ Ȋ ȗȖȓȍ ǮȍȓȚȣȍ șȚȍȉȓȐ ȊȣȞȊȍȚȠȐȝ ȚȘȈȊ șȗțș-
ȒȈȓȐșȤ Ȓ ȏȍȔȓȍ Ȑ șțȝȖ ȚȘȍȡȈȓȐ ȗȖȌ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ ǷȖ ȚȘȈȊȈȔ șȒȖȓȤȏȐȓ ȓȍȋȒȐȑ ȝȖ-
ȓȖȌȕȣȑ ȊȍȚȍȘ Ȑ șȓȈȋȈȓ ȔȍȘȚȊȖ-ȠțȘȠȈȡȐȑ șțȝȖȑ ȕȈȗȍȊ ǷȖȌȕȧȓ ȋȖȓȖȊț ǵȈ
ȚȍȔȕȍȦȡȐȝ ȕȍȉȍșȈȝ ȉȓȍȌȕȖ ȊȣșȚțȗȈȓȐ Ȑ ȚȘȍȗȍȚȈȓȐ ȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȘȈȕȕȐȍ ȏȊȍȏȌȣ
ǩȖȌȘȖ Ƞȍȓ Ȋ ȌȈȓȤ Ȑ ȊșȍȦ ȋȘțȌȤȦ ȊȉȐȘȈȓ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȑ ȖșȍȕȕȐȑ ȊȖȏȌțȝ ǴȖȏȋ Ȗȉȍ-
ȋȈȓȐ ȉȣșȚȘȣȍ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȣȍ ȔȣșȓȐ Ȗȉ ȖșȊȖȉȖȎȌȍȕȐȐ ȖȚ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ Ȗ ȎțȚȒȐȝ
ȟȈȘȈȝ ȖșȍȕȐ Ȑ ȖȌȐȕȖȟȍșȚȊȈ Ȋ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȌȖȚȓȍȊȈȓȐ ȖȉȐȌȣ Ȋȣȕȍșȍȕȕȣȍ Ȑȏ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ
Ȑ ȧȘȒȖ ȏȈȋȖȘȈȓȖșȤ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȏȈȉȣȚȖȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖ ȍȌȐȕȍȕȐȧ șȓȐȧȕȐȧ ș ȗȘȐȘȖȌȖȑ
ǪȌȘțȋ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȕȍȓȖȊȒȖșȚȤ Ȋ ȏȈȚȣȓȒȍ ȏȈȔȖȚȈȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȗȣȚȈȧșȤ
șȚȘȧȝȕțȚȤ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȕȈȏȖȑȓȐȊȖȍ Ƕȋȓȧȕțȓșȧ Ǫ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ ȠȈȋȈȝ șȓȍȌȖȊȈȓ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ
ǶșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ DzȖ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ ȒȐȚȈȍȞ-ȘȖȋțȓȤȡȐȒ Ȑ ȗȘȐșȚȈȓȤȕȣȔ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ ȊȗȐȓ-
șȧ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈ
©Ǩ ǯȈȕȧȚȕȖ Ȗȕ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȓ ȖȋȓȧȕțȚȤșȧ ȋȐȗȕȖȏ ȟȚȖ ȓȐ" DzȈȒȐȍ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȍ ȋȓȈ-
ȏȈ ǵȍ țșȚțȗȓȦ — ȉțȌț șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ Ȋ ȓȍȊȣȑ ȋȓȈȏ șȒȖȘȍȑ țșȚțȗȐȚǻ-ț — ǬȤȧȊȖȓ ș
ȒȖșȖȑ ȕț Ȑ țȗȘȧȔȣȑ ǵȐ ȏȈ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ țșȚțȗȓȦ ǵȍ ȕțȎȕȖ ȖȚȊȓȍȒȈȚȤșȧ ȚȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ Ȋ ȓȍȊȣȑª — ȌțȔȈȓ ȊȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȧșȤ Ȋ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȈ ǵȖ ȊȌȘțȋ ȗȖȟțȊșȚ-
ȊȖȊȈȓ ȊȓȈȋț ȕȈ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ Ȑ ȟțȎțȦ ȊȓȈșȚȤ Ȋ Ȕȣșȓȧȝ ȏȈȒȘȣȓ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȑ ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓ
— ǬȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ DzȚȖ Ȋȣ"
— Ǻȧȕ-ȠȐ-ȕȥ ǫțȓȧȍȚȍ" ǷȖȓȧ ȓȦȉȐȚȍ"
©ǹȚȘȈȕȕȖ ȗȘȖșȚȖȑ ȘȖȋțȓȤȡȐȒ Ȋ ȓȖȝȔȖȚȤȧȝ Ȉ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȟȐșȚȣȑ ȊȣȋȖȊȖȘ DzȖ-
ȕȍȟȕȖ — ȔȈșȒȈȘȈȌª
— ǫȖșȗȖȌȐȕ Ǻȧȕ-ȠȐ-ȕȥ ȏȈȟȍȔ ȕȈ ȊȈș ȥȚȐ ȚȘȧȗȒȐ Ȑ ȘȖȋțȓȤȒȈ" — ǪȍȌȤ Ȋȣ Ȏȍ
ȕȍ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȑ"
— ǸȈȏȊȍ ȊȈȔ ȕȈȌȖ ȏȕȈȚȤ ȥȚȖ" ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȧ șȒȈȎț Ȑ șȒȈȎț ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ
Ȋȣ ȕȍ ȗȖȝȖȎȐ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȖȌȐȕȖȟȕțȦ ȗȘȖȋțȓȒț ȗȖ ȗȖȓȦ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȟȓȐ ȋȖȘȖȌșȒȐȔ
ȘȈȏȊȓȍȟȍȕȐȧȔ ǺȈȒ ȖȌȍȚ ȧ Ȍȓȧ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȓțȟȠȍ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȚȤ ȓȦȌȍȑ Ȑ Ȑȝ
ȎȐȏȕȤ ǵț ȟȚȖ ȘȈȏȖȑȌȍȔșȧ"
— ǵȍȚ ǵȍȚ ǸȈȏȊȍ ȊȈȔ șȒțȟȕȖ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ"
— Ǩ ȊȈȠȍ ȖȌȐȕȖȟȍșȚȊȖ Ȍȓȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ Ȋȣ ȗȘȐȠȓȐ șȦȌȈ" ǪȍȌȤ ȧ ȕȈȘțȠț ȍȋȖ.
— ǵȍȚ Ȕȣ ȉțȌȍȔ ȊȔȍșȚȍ Ȑ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ — ȖȌȐȕȖȒȐ ȇ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȦ Ȋ ȘȖȌșȚȊȖ ȌțȠ Ȑ
ȌțȔȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȖȌȐȕȖȒ Ȑ ȚȍȔ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȗȘȐ ȌȘțȋȐȝ — ȚȖȋȌȈ țȧȏȊȓȍȕȕȖȍ
ȖȌȐȕȖȟȍșȚȊȖ ȟțȊșȚȊțȍȚșȧ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȧȘȒȖ Ǩ ȊȕȍȠȕȍȍ ȖȌȐȕȖȟȍșȚȊȖ ȌȖșȚțȗȕȖ Ȕȕȍ
— ǴȈȓȖ șȓȖȊ ȕȖ ȒȈȒ ȔȕȖȋȖ Ȋ ȕȐȝ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȤȧ ǬȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȓȐ Ȋȣ șȐȓȤȕȣ ȔȖ-
ȓȖȌȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȍșȚȐ șȖȏȕȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȖȌȐȕȖȟȍșȚȊȖ șȘȍȌȐ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȐȓȐ ȔțȌ-
ȘȖȍ ȗȘȍȏȘȍȕȐȍ Ȓ ȕȐȔ ȏȈȔȍȕȧȍȚ ȊȈȔ ȥȚț șȐȓț"
— ǬȈ ȧ ȖȟȍȕȤ șȐȓȍȕ Ȋ ȗȘȍȏȘȍȕȐȐ Ȓ ȓȦȌȧȔ ȕȖ țȊȣ — ȊȓȍȟȍȕȐȍ Ȓ ȕȐȔ ȕȍ-
ȗȘȍȖȌȖȓȐȔȖ
— ǬȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ȇ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦ ȊȈș Ȑ Ȕȕȍ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣ Țȍ șȓȖȊȈ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȍ Ȋȣ ȔȖȎȍȚȍ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ — ȊȍȌȤ ț ȒȈȎȌȖȑ ȔȣșȓȐ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ț ȊșȍȋȖ ȍșȚȤ șȊȖȑ ȒȘțȋ,
Ȉ ȧ ȏȈ șȊȖȦ ȌȖȓȋțȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȗȖȊȍȘȚȍȓșȧ ȗȖ ȥȚȐȔ ȒȘțȋȈȔ. ǵȍ ȎȍȓȈȍȚȍ
ȓȐ ȘȈȏȊȓȍȟȤșȧ" ǭȌȍȔȚȍ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ.
— Ǵȕȍ Ȋșȍ ȘȈȊȕȖ ȏȈȟȍȔ Ȑ ȒțȌȈ ȍȝȈȚȤ ȓȐȠȤ ȉȣ ȝȖȚȤ ȖȌȕț ȕȖȟȤ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ
ȏȈȉȣȚȤ ȋȖȘȖȌ
—ǽȖȘȖȠȖ ǺȖȋȌȈ Ȕȣ șȊȍȘȕȍȔ Ȓ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ șȧȌȍȔ ȕȈ ȖșȓȐȒȖȊ Ȑ ȗȖȍȌȍȔ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ
ȇ ȎȐȊț ȉȓȐȏ ǼțȌȏȧȌȧȕȈ

15
ǷȖȠȓȐ Ȓ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ ǹȍȓȐ ȊȍȘȝȖȔ ȕȈ ȊȣȕȖșȓȐȊȣȝ ȏȈȋȘȧȏȕȍȕȕȣȝ ȖșȓȐȒȖȊ Ȑ ȚȐ-
ȝȖ ȗȖȍȝȈȓȐ ȘȧȌȖȔ ȗȖ ȗȣȓȤȕȖȑ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ șȏȈȌȐ ȉȍȎȈȓȐ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȣ-ȗȖȋȖȕȡȐȒȐ Ȑ Ȑȏ-
ȘȍȌȒȈ ȝȓȍșȚȈȓȐ ȒȕțȚȈȔȐ ȖȚțȗȍȊȠȐȝ ȖȚ ȐȏȕțȘȍȕȐȧ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȝ
ɋɟɥɢ ɜɟɪɯɨɦ ɧɚ ɨɫɥɢɤɨɜ
ǹȖȊșȍȔ șȚȍȔȕȍȓȖ Ǫ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȑ ȟȍȘȕȖȑ ȔȈșșȍ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ ȉȓȐșȚȈȓȐ ȧȘȒȐȍ ȖȋȕȐ
ȗȖ șȚȖȘȖȕȈȔ ȚțșȒȓȖ ȔȍȘȞȈȓȐ ȖȋȖȕȤȒȐ ȖȌȐȕȖȒȐȝ ȘȈȏȉȘȖșȈȕȕȣȝ ȗȖ ȗȖȓȦ ȜȈȕȏ ȒȐ-
ȚȈȑȞȍȊ-ȉȍȌȕȧȒȖȊ Ȋ Ȋȣșȧȝ ȚȘȍȗȍȚȈȓȐ șȐȧȦȡȐȍ ȏȊȍȏȌȣ Ȑ șȓȍȋȒȈ ȖșȊȍȡȈȓȐ Ȕȋȓț
ǩȣȓȖ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ Ȑ șȔȍȠȕȖ — șȖȏȍȘȞȈȧ ȒȘȈșȖȚț Ȗșȍȕȕȍȑ ȕȖȟȐ țȚȖȗȈȧ Ȋ
ȋȓțȉȖȒȐȝ ȘȈȏȔȣȠȓȍȕȐȧȝ — ȗȖȌȗȘȣȋȐȊȈȚȤ Ȑ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ ȗȖȌ șȖȉȖȦ ȠȐȘȖȒțȦ
șȗȐȕț ȖșȓȈ șȓțȠȈȚȤ ȚțșȒȓȣȍ ȔȖȕȖȚȖȕȕȣȍ ȕȈȗȍȊȣ ȗȖȋȖȕȡȐȒȖȊ
ǰȏȘȍȌȒȈ ȗȍȘȍȒȐȌȣȊȈȓȐșȤ șȓȖȊȈȔȐ
_____
— ǪȐȌȐȚȍ ȖȋȖȕȍȒ" ȅȚȖ ȔȖȧ ȜȈȕȏȈ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ǻȧȕ-ȠȐ-ȕȥ

16
Ǫ ȗȖȓȍ ȉȓȐȏ ȌȖȘȖȋȐ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕȍ ȖȚ ǼțȌȏȧȌȧȕȈ ȖȌȐȕȖȒȖ șȚȖȧȓȈ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȈȧ ȜȈȕ-
ȏȈ ȖȌȕȖ Ȑȏ ȖȒȖȕ ȍȍ ȖȉȘȈȡȍȕȕȖȍ Ȓ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ ȉȣȓȖ șȓȈȉȖ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȖ
ǹȓȍȏȓȐ ș ȖșȓȐȒȖȊ ȘȈșȗȓȈȚȐȓȐșȤ ș ȗȖȋȖȕȡȐȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȓȐșȤ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȗȖȓȍ
Ȓ ȜȈȕȏȍ
ǷȖȌȖȠȓȐ Ǻȧȕ-ȠȐ-ȕȥ ȗȖșȚțȟȈȓ Ȋ ȖȒȖȠȒȖ ǬȊȍȘȤ ȖȚȒȘȣȓ șȋȖȘȉȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȒȐȚȈȍȞ.
ǹȚȈȘȐȒ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȖȋȓȧȌȍȓ Ȕȍȕȧ șȗȘȖșȐȓ Ȗ ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ ȗȖ-ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐ Ǻȧȕ-ȠȐ-ȕȥ
Ȑ ȗȖȓțȟȐȊ ȖȚȊȍȚ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ-șȚȘȍȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȊșȒȖȟȐȓ ȕȈ ȠȐȘȖȒȐȍ ȗȖ-
ȓȈȚȐ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȣȍ ȞȐȕȖȊȒȈȔȐ Ȑ șȍȓ ț ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȋȖ șȚȖȓȐȒȈ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȊȠȍȋȖșȧ ȚțȚ
Ȏȍ ȕȈ ȗȖȓȈȚȧȝ ǵȈ șȚȖȓȐȒȍ șȚȖȧȓȈ ȓȈȔȗȈ Ȑ ȔȍȎȌț ȌȊțȔȧ ȟȍȘȍȗȒȈȔȐ ȓȍȎȈȓȈ
ȚȖȓșȚȈȧ ȒȕȐȋȈ ǿȍȘȍȏ ȔȐȕțȚț Ȗȕ ȊȍșȤ țȠȍȓ Ȋ ȟȚȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȧ ȕȈș
șȚȈȓ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȣȔ ȋȖȘȚȈȕȕȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȊȣȒȘȐȒȐȊȈȚȤ
ɋɬɚɪɢɤ ɫɟɥ ɭ ɦɚɥɟɧɶɤɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɥɢɤɚ
— ǹȒȈȎȐȚȍ Ȓ ȟȍȔț șȚȖȧȚ ȥȚȐ ȟȍȘȍȗȒȐ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȧ ț Ǻȧȕ-ȠȐ-ȕȥ
— ǹȚȈȘȐȒ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȔțȌȘȣȑ ǪșȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȗȘȖȊȍȓ șȘȍȌȐ ȒȕȐȋ ǷȘȍȎȌȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ
ȉȣȓ ȔȖȓȖȌ ȕȍ țȚȖȔȓȧȓșȧ ȉȣșȚȘȖ Ȉ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ șȚȖȐȚ ȍȔț ȗȘȖșȐȌȍȚȤ ȌȖ ȗȖȓțȕȖȟȐ

17
Ȑ șȖȕ ȗȖȚȧȕȍȚ ȍȋȖ țȚȖȔȓȍȕȕȈȧ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ȏȈȝȖȟȍȚ ȗȖȒȖȧ Ȑ ȖȗțșȚȐȚșȧ ȕȈ ȥȚȐ ȟȍ-
ȘȍȗȒȐ Ǩ ȊȐȌȐȚȍ ȒȈȒȐȍ ȖȕȐ — ȚȊȍȘȌȣȍ Ȑ ȏȈȖșȚȘȍȕȕȣȍ DzȈȒȖȑ ȚțȚ ȗȖȒȖȑ ǹȚȈ-
ȘȐȒ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȍȚ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȑ șȕȖȊȈ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȍȚșȧ ȟȐȚȈȚȤ ȗȖȒȈ ȕȍ ȕȈșȚȈȕȍȚ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕ-
ȕȣȑ ȟȈș ǪȏȋȓȧȕȐȚȍ ȕȈ ȒȖȎț ȓȉȈ ȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ ȓȐ ȖȕȈ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȍȚ ȔȖȏȖȓȐ-
șȚȣȍ ȘțȒȐ ȒȈȔȍȕȡȐȒȈ"
Ǫșȍ ȥȚȖ Ǻȧȕ-ȠȐ-ȕȥ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȚȐȝȖ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȉȖȧșȤ ȖȚȊȓȍȟȤ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ
ȗȖ ȊȌȘțȋ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȍȔț Ȑ ț ȕȐȝ ȏȈȊȧȏȈȓșȧ ȋȖȘȧȟȐȑ șȗȖȘ șȔȣșȓ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ
ȕȍ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȕȧȚȍȕ Ȕȕȍ Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ ȧ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ șȚȈȘȐȒ ȕȍ ȝȖȟȍȚ țșȚțȗȐȚȤ Ȋ ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ
Ǻȧȕ-ȠȐ-ȕȥ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȏȌȍșȤ ȍșȚȤ ȗȖșȚȖȘȖȕȕȐȑ — șȚȈȘȐȒ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȏ ȉȍșȞȍ-
ȘȍȔȖȕȕȖ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ ȗȈȓȤȞȍȔ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ, ȏȈȒȘȣȊȈȓ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȑ ȔȖȚȈȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȅȚȖ
țȗȖȘșȚȊȖ ȘȈȏȋȕȍȊȈȓȖ Ǻȧȕ-ȠȐ-ȕȥ Ȗȕ șȝȊȈȚȐȓ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ ȏȈ ȘțȒț Ȑ ȗȖȚȧȕțȓ Ȓ ȌȊȍ-
ȘȐ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ, Ȍȓȧ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȊȣȋȕȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ ǹȚȈȘȐȒ ȉȍșșȐȓȤȕȖ ȖȚȉȐȊȈȓșȧ
ȊȌȘțȋ ȏȈȗȓȈȒȈȓ Ǻȧȕ-ȠȐ-ȕȥ ȖȚȗțșȚȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȘțȒȐ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȗȖȓȈȚȧȔ, Ȋȏȧȓ șȖ șȚȖ-
ȓȈ ȒȕȐȋț Ȑ șȖ ȏȓȖȉȖȑ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȉȣȓȖ ȘȊȈȚȤ ȍȍ ȅȚȖ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȉȣȓȖ șȈȔȣȔ Țȧ-
ȎȍȓȣȔ ȐșȗȣȚȈȕȐȍȔ Ȍȓȧ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ Ȗȕ șȌȈȓșȧ — ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ Ȓ Ǻȧȕ-ȠȐ-ȕȥ
ȖȚȖȉȘȈȓ ȒȕȐȋț Ȑ ȏȓȖȉȕȖ ȏȈȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȓ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ
ǪȕȈȟȈȓȍ ȧ Ȋ ȕȍȌȖțȔȍȕȐȐ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȓ ȏȈ ȕȐȔȐ ȗȖȌ ȒȖȕȍȞ Ȏȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ǻȧȕ-ȠȐ-
ȕȥ șȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȏȈ ȘțȒț șȚȈȘȐȒȈ Ȕȕȍ ȊȌȘțȋ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ Ȑ
ȌȈȎȍ ȖȗȈșȕȣȔ ǹȍȘȌȞȍ ȖȝȊȈȟȍȕȕȖȍ ȚȘȍȊȖȋȖȑ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖȑ ȚȘȍȊȖȋȖȦ țșȐȓȍȕȕȖ
ȏȈȉȐȓȖșȤ Ȋ Ȕȣșȓȧȝ ȗȘȖȕȖșȐȓȐșȤ ȕȍȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȣȍ ȔțȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ
ǵȖ Ȋșȍ ȘȈșșȍȧȓȖșȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ǻȧȕ-ȠȐ-ȕȥ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ Ȑ ȌȘțȎȍșȒȐ-ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖ ȏȈ-
ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ
— ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ-ȚȖ ǪȣȑȌȍȔ ȕȈ ȔȐȕțȚț ȊȖ ȌȊȖȘ Ǫȣ ȕȍ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȑȚȍ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ ȕȈ
Ȋșȍ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ǹȚȈȘȐȒ ț Ȕȍȕȧ țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȍȌȖȊȍȘȟȐȊ ȊȖ ȊșȧȒȖȔ Șțș-
șȒȖȔ Ȗȕ ȊȐȌȐȚ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȘȈȋȈ
ǪȣȠȓȐ ȊȖ ȌȊȖȘ.
— ǷȖȟȍȔț Ȕȣ ȗȖȒȐȕțȓȐ ȜȈȕȏț" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȧ
— ǷȖȟȍȔț" ǹȚȈȘȐȒț ȕțȎȕȖ ȒȖȍ-ȟȚȖ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȕȣ ȐȔȍȓȐ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȤ
ȗȖȒȐȕțȚȤ ȥȚȖȚ ȔȐȘ Ȍȓȧ ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ șȒȘȣȚȖȋȖ ȗȖȌ ȏȍȔȓȍȑ ȔȐȘȈ — ȋȌȍ ȕȍȚ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ
ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖȋȖ ǽȈ ǽȈ! — ȏȈșȔȍȧȓșȧ ȊȌȘțȋ Ǻȧȕ-ȠȐ-ȕȥ — Ȋȣ ȕȍ ȖȎȐȌȈȓȐ ȥȚȖ-
ȋȖ Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȚȈȒ ȊșȚȘȍȊȖȎȍȕȣ ǩȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȊȈȔ ȚȧȎȍȓȖ ȘȈșșȚȈȚȤșȧ ș ȥȚȐȔ ȔȐ-
ȘȖȔ" ǭșȓȐ ȚȈȒ țșȗȖȒȖȑȚȍșȤ Ȋȣ ȊȍȘȕȍȚȍșȤ ȕȍȊȘȍȌȐȔȣȔ Ȑ ȊȕȖȊȤ țȊȐȌȐȚȍ ȊȈȠȐȝ
ȓȦȌȍȑ Ȑ ȋȖȘȖȌ
— ǵȍȚ Ȋȣ ȕȍ ȚȈȒ ȗȖȕȧȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ Ǵȕȍ ȗȘȖșȚȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȗȖȌ ȏȍȔȓȍȑ
ǿȚȖ ȏȈ ȔȐȘ"
— ǷȖȌ ȏȍȔȓȍȑ Ȍȓȧ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȊȈȠȈ ȐȓȐ ȕȈȠȈ ȗȖȓȐȞȐȧ ȕȍ ȘȈșȒȘȣȓȐ ȍȋȖ
ǷȘȈȊȌȈ ȗȘȖșȚȖ" ǿȚȖ ȏȈ ȔȐȘ Ȋȣ țȊȐȌȐȚȍ.
— ǷȖȓȐȞȐȧ
— ǰȌȍȔȚȍ ǹȚȈȘȐȒ Ȋșȍ șȌȍȓȈȓ...
ǪȖȠȓȐ Ȋ ȜȈȕȏț ǶȒȕȈ ȉȣȓȐ ȏȈȊȍȠȈȕȣ ȋȘȧȏȕȣȔȐ ȚȘȧȗȒȈȔȐ ǷȖȌ ȗȖȌȕȧȚȣ-
ȔȐ ȗȖȓȈȚȧȔȐ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȠȐȘȖȒȖȍ ȖȚȊȍȘșȚȐȍ Ȋ ȗȖȌȏȍȔȍȓȤȍ Ǻȧȕ-ȠȐ-ȕȥ Ȋȏȧȓ ȓȈȔ-
ȗț Ȑ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȓ Ȕȕȍ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȕȐȔ șȗțșȚȐȚȤșȧ ȊȕȐȏ ǹȗțșȒȈȓȐșȤ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ǹȚȈ-
ȘȐȒ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ ȕȈȊȍȘȝț ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț, șȚȈȊȐȓ ȕȈ ȔȍșȚȖ ȗȖȓȈȚȐ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ
șȊȍȘȝț ȌȖȕȖșȐȓșȧ ȠțȔ
— ǶșȚȖȘȖȎȕȍȍ ȇ ȚțȠț ȓȈȔȗț ǭȡȍ ȚȘȐ șȚțȗȍȕȤȒȐ Ȑ Ȕȣ ȉțȌȍȔ Ȋ ȔȖȍȔ ȞȈȘ-

18
șȚȊȍ — ȚȈȔ ȔȕȖȋȖ Ȗȋȕȍȑ. ǪȐȌȐȚȍ ȒȈȒ șȚȈȓȖ șȊȍȚȓȖ.
ǷȖȘȈȎȍȕȕȣȑ ȧ ȊșȚțȗȐȓ Ȋ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȑ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘ ȖȉȐȚȣȑ șȖ Ȋșȍȝ șȚȖȘȖȕ ȗȘȖȟ-
ȕȣȔȐ ȎȍȓȚȣȔȐ ȞȐȕȖȊȒȈȔȐ ȅȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȠȈȘȣ ȖșȊȍȡȈȓȐ ȗȖȌȏȍȔȍȓȤȍ ǷȖ șȚȖ-
ȘȖȕȈȔ ȒȖȍ- ȋȌȍ ȊȐȌȕȍȓȐșȤ ȌȊȍȘȐ Ȋ ȗȘȖșȚȖȘȕȣȍ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ
— ǬȍȘȕȐȚȍ ȏȈ ȘțȟȒț ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȊȐșȐȚ ȊȖȏȓȍ ȊȈș ȕȈ șȚȍȕȒȍ
ǸȈȏȌȈȓșȧ ȋȓțȝȖȑ ȏȊȖȕȖȒ Ȑ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȐȕȍ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘȈ ȗȖȧȊȐȓȈșȤ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ șȚȘȈȕ-
ȕȈȧ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȦȡȈȧșȧ ȜȐȋțȘȈ ȕȍ ȚȖ ȒȈȘȓȐȒȈ ȕȍ ȚȖ ȈȊȚȖȔȈȚȈ.
ǷȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȊȠȐșȤ ȜȐȋțȘȈ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȈșȤ
ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȕȐȏȒȖȘȖșȓȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȖȌȍȚȣȑ Ȋ ȓȍȋȒțȦ ȟȍȟțȕȟț Ǫșȍ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧ ȍȋȖ
ȉȣȓȐ șȚȘȍȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȣ Ȑ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȈȊȚȖȔȈȚȐȟȕȣ ǺȍȔȕȖ-ȒȖȘȐȟȕȍȊȖȍ șțȝȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȉȣ-
ȓȖ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖ Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȎȍȓȚȖȊȈȚȣȍ ȉȍȓȒȐ ȋȓȈȏ ȉȍșȗȘȍșȚȈȕȕȖ ȊȘȈȡȈȓȐșȤ ȊȖ Ȋșȍ
șȚȖȘȖȕȣ
ȇ țȌȐȊȓȍȕȕȖ ȊșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȕȍȋȖ
— ǿȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȈȊȚȖȔȈȚ ȐȓȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȧ
— ǰ ȈȊȚȖȔȈȚ Ȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ — ȕȍȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȖ ș ȊȐȌȐȔȖȑ ȕȍȖȝȖȚȖȦ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ
Ǻȧȕ-ȠȐ-ȕȥ. — ǺȖȓȒȕȐȚȍ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȎȐȊȖȚ — ȥȚȖ ȕțȎȕȖ Ȍȓȧ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȗȕ șȕȧȓ ȊȈ-
ȠȐ ȉȖȚȐȕȒȐ Ȑ ȕȈȌȍȓ ȚțȜȓȐ.
ȇ ȚȖȓȒȕțȓ ȒȈȘȓȐȒȈ-ȈȊȚȖȔȈȚȈ Ȋ ȎȐȊȖȚ ȚȖȚ ȕȈȋȕțȓșȧ ȉȣșȚȘȖ Ȑ ȓȖȊȒȖ șȕȧȓ
ȉȖȚȐȕȒȐ țȉȍȎȈȓ ȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ ȕȖ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ș țȌȖȉȕȣȔȐ ȔȧȋȒȐȔȐ ȚțȜȓȧȔȐ Ȑ
ȕȈȌȍȓ Ȑȝ ȕȈ ȔȖȐ ȕȖȋȐ
Ǻȧȕ-ȠȐ-ȕȥ ȗȘȖȌȍȓȈȓ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ș ȒȈȘȓȐȒȖȔ Ȑ ȚȖȚ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȗȘȖȊȖȘȕȖ ȐșȗȖȓȕȐȊ ȍȋȖ
ȎȍȓȈȕȐȍ șȚȈȓ ȕȍȚȍȘȗȍȓȐȊȖ ȖȎȐȌȈȚȤ ȌȈȓȤȕȍȑȠȐȝ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȕȐȑ
— ǹȝȊȈȚȐȚȍ ȍȋȖ ȏȈ țȝȖ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȕȍșȍȚ ȊȈȔ ȧȗȖȕșȒȖȍ ȒȐȔȖȕȖ ǭȡȍ ȘȈȏ ȟȚȖȉȣ
Ȑ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȏȈȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȒșȚȈȚȐ
Ǫșȍ ȥȚȖ ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ șȊȖȦ șȚȘȈȕȕȖșȚȤ șȔȍȠȐȓȖ Ȑ ȏȈȉȈȊȓȧȓȖ Ȕȍȕȧ
_____
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȐȕțȚ Ȕȣ ȖȌȍȚȣȍ Ȋ Ȑȏȧȡȕȣȍ ȠȍȓȒȖȊȣȍ ȒȐȔȖȕȖ ȗȖȌȓȖ-
ȎȐȊ ȗȖȌ șȍȉȧ ȔȧȋȒȐȍ ȗȖȌțȠȒȐ ȘȈșȗȖȓȖȎȐȓȐșȤ ȗȖ-ȊȖșȚȖȟȕȖȔț ȕȈ ȞȐȕȖȊȒȈȝ Ȋ
ȖȌȕȖȑ Ȑȏ ȒȖȔȕȈȚ ȗȖȌȏȍȔȍȓȤȧ
— ǰȚȈȒ Ȍȓȧ ȊȈș ȕȍȚ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖȋȖ, — ȕȈȟȈȓ Ǻȧȕ-ȠȐ-ȕȥ — ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ȝȖ-
ȚȐȚȍ ȚȖȋȖ Ȑ ȌȖșȚȐȋȕȍȚȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȒȈȎȐȚȍ Bșȍ ȊȈȠȐ ȏȈȊȍȚȕȣȍ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȧ ȔȖȋțȚ Ȑș-
ȗȖȓȕȐȚȤșȧ, Ȉ ȧ ȌțȔȈȦ—ȎȍȓȈȍȚȍ Ȋȣ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖȋȖ ǪȍȌȤ ȎȍȓȈȚȤ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖȍ Ȑ
șȒțȟȕȖ Ȑ ȕȍ șȚȖȐȚ ȚȘțȌȈ Ȍȓȧ ȌȍȘȏȒȖȋȖ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ-șȓȖȎȕȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ǵȈȌȍȦșȤ
șȖȋȓȈșȕȣ" ǪȈȠȐ ȏȈȗȈȌȕȣȍ ȔțȌȘȍȞȣ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ ȊȈȔ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ǿȍȋȖ
Ȋȣ ȝȖȚȐȚȍ"
— ǶȗȐțȔȈ
— ǽȈ ǽȈ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ" ǵȍțȎȍȓȐ Ȋȣ ȌțȔȈȍȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȒȐȚȈȍȞ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȌȈȚȤ ȊȈȔ ȕȐ-
ȟȍȋȖ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȖȗȐțȔȈ" ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȖȗȐțȔ — ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȣȑ ȗțȚȤ ȒȖ ȔȕȖȋȖȔț — Ȗȕ ȖȚ-
ȒȘȖȍȚ ȊȈȔ ȊȈș Ȑ ȚȖȋȌȈ Ȋȣ șȒȈȎȍȚȍ ȟȍȋȖ ȝȖȚȐȚȍ ȌȈ"
— ǵȍ ȏȕȈȦ ǯȕȈȦ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ șȍȑȟȈș ȝȖȟț ȖȗȐțȔȈ

19
— ǷȘȐȔȐȚȐȊȕȖ ȕȖ ȟȚȖ Ȏȍ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ǻ ȜȖȕȈȘȧ ȘțȟȒȈ — ȌȍȘȕȐȚȍ-ȒȈ ȍȍ
ǷȖȧȊȐȓșȧ ȚȖȚ Ȏȍ ȒȈȘȓȐȒ
— ǹȝȊȈȚȐȚȍ ȍȋȖ ȏȈ ȓȍȊțȦ ȘțȒț ȥȚȖ ȏȕȈȒ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȕȍșȍȚ ȚȖ ȟȍȋȖ Ȋȣ ȝȖȚȐȚȍ, —
șȒȈȏȈȓ Ǻȧȕ-ȠȐ-ȕȥ
ȇ Ȑ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȒțȘȐȓ ȖȗȐțȔ Ȑ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȗȖșȓȍ ȚȧȎȒȐȝ ȕȍțȌȈȟ Ȋ ȎȐȏȕȐ Ǫșȍ ȗȘȖȐș-
ȠȍȌȠȍȍ Ȋ ȥȚț ȕȖȟȤ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȓȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȚțȔȈȕȐȓȖ ȔȣșȓȤ ǯȕȈȦ șȐȓț ȖȗȐț-
ȔȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȌȍȓȈȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȔțȌȘȣȔ Ȑ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȣȔ Ȑ Ȕȕȍ ȊȌȘțȋ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȏȈȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ
ȊȌȣȝȈȚȤ Ȋ șȍȉȧ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ ȌțȘȔȈȕȧȡȐȍ ȗȈȘȣ
— ǬȍȘȕȐȚȍ ȌȊȈȎȌȣ — ȧ ȚȖȎȍ ȝȖȟț ȗȖȒțȘȐȚȤ ș ȊȈȔȐ.
ǪșȒȖȘȍ ȒȈȘȓȐȒ Ȋȕȍș ȌȊȍ ȓȈȔȗȣ, ȚȘțȉȒț Ȑȏȧȡȕȣȍ ȜȈȘȜȖȘȖȊȣȍ ȟȈȠȍȟȒȐ ș
ȒțșȖȟȒȈȔȐ ȖȗȐțȔȈ Ȑ șȚȈȓȤȕȣȔȐ ȐȋȖȓȒȈȔȐ
DzțȘȐȓȐ ȔȖȓȟȈ
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ȇ ȊȣȒțȘȐȓ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȊȍ ȚȘțȉȒȐ Ȑ țȌȖȊȓȍȚȊȖȘȍȕȕȣȑ ȓȍȎȈȓ ȕȈ ȞȐȕȖȊȒȈȝ Ǻȧȕ-
ȠȐ-ȕȥ ȒțȘȐȓ ȔȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȕȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ, ȟȚȖ ȧ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓ ȚȘțȉȒț, —
ȚȖȎȍ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȓ ȒțȘȐȚȤ Ȑ ȗȘȐșȚȈȓȤȕȖ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȇ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȍȕȕȣȑ ȖȗȐț-
ȔȖȔ ȊȔȐȋ ȓȍȋȒȖ ȗȘȖȟȍȓ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ Ȋșȍ ȚȖȚ Ȏȍ ȊȖȗȘȖș ©ǿȍȋȖ Ȋȣ ȝȖȚȐȚȍ"ª, ȏȈ-
ȔȖȚȈȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ Ȑ ȊșȒȘȐȒȕțȓ
— ǵȐȟȍȋȖ — ȕȖ ȊȌȘțȋ ȗȍȘȍȌȊȐȕțȓșȧ Ȓ ȕȍȔț șȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȘțȒț Ȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȏȈ-
ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ — ȊȖȚ ȟȚȖ ȝȖȟț ȧ ȏȕȈȚȤ ȍșȚȤ ȓȐ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȚȈȓȈȕȚ" ǹȖȏȌȈȔ ȓȐ ȧ șȍȉȍ șȓȈ-
Ȋț"
— ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ-ȚȖ șȒȈȏȈȓȐ ǺȈȓȈȕȚ ț ȊȈș ȍșȚȤ ȕȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȚȈȒ ȊȍȓȐȒ ȗȖ-
ȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȊȈș șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȌțȠȐ Ȑ ȟțȊșȚȊ
— ǿȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ" ǵȍ ȧșȕȖ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦ
— Dz ȟȍȔț ȗȘȐȊȍȓȈ ȊȈș ȊȈȠȈ ȒțȓȤȚțȘȈ" Ǫȣ șȚȈȓȐ ȕȈșȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȓȖȎȕȣ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ
ȗȘȖșȚȖȍ — ȟțȎȌȖ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȖ ȊȈȔ ǿȚȖ Ȏ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ — ȘȈȏȢȧșȕȦ Ǫȣ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ,
ȓȦȉȐȓȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȎȍȕȡȐȕț Ȑ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ — ȕȍȖȌȕȖȒȘȈȚȕȖ ǵț ȚȈȒ ȏȕȈȑȚȍ
Ȏȍ — ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȖȋȌȈ Ȋȣ șȖȚȊȖȘȐȚȍ ȐșȚȐȕȕȖȍ șȓȖȊȖ Ȗ ȓȦȉȊȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȟțȊșȚȊȖ ȥȚȖ ȕȈ-
ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȗȖȒȐȕȍȚ ȊȈș ȚȖ ȍșȚȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋȣ ȗȖȑȔȍȚȍ ȍȋȖ Ȉ ȗȖȕȧȊȠȐ — ȗȖȚȍȘȧȍȚȍ ǰ
ȚȈȒ ȊȖ ȊșȍȔ Ȑ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ǩȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ Ȑ ȥȚȖ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȖ ȊȈȔ" Ǫ ȚȈȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ Ȋȣ-
ȒțȘȐȚȍ ȍȡȍ ȖȌȕț ȚȘțȉȒț ȖȗȐțȔ ȗȖȔȖȎȍȚ ȊȈȠȍȔț șȓȖȎȕȖȔț ȔȖȏȋț ȗȍȘȍȊȈȘȐȚȤ
ȗȘȖșȚȖȚț ȔȖȐȝ Ȕȣșȓȍȑ
— ǵȍȚ ȧ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȚȤ ȊȈș ȕȖ ȥȚȖ ȚȈȒ ȉȖȓȤȕȖ
Ǻȧȕ-ȠȐ-ȕȥ ȏȈȔȖȓȒ Ǫ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȐȝȖ ǰȏȘȍȌȒȈ ȗȓȈȔȧ Ȋ ȓȈȔȗȖȟȒȈȝ Ȋșȗȣ-
ȝȐȊȈȓȖ Ȑ ȚȖȋȌȈ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȑ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȠțȔ ȜȐȚȐȓȤȒȈ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȧȓ ȒȈȒ ȔȐȔȖ-
ȓȍȚȕȣȔ ȊȏȌȖȝȖȔ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȕțȦ ȚȐȠȐȕț
— ǽȖȚȐȚȍ ȧ ȊȈȔ ȌȈȔ ȏȍȓȤȍ ȊȣȗȐȊȠȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ Ȋȣ șȘȈȏț ȗȖȚȍȘȧȍȚȍ ȌțȠț Ȑ
ȕȈȑȌȍȚȍ ȚȈȓȈȕȚ" — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȊȌȘțȋ Ǻȧȕ-ȠȐ-ȕȥ
— ǽȖȟț ȕȖ ȊȍȘȐȚȤ ȊȈȔ ȕȍ ȝȖȟț Ȑ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț
— ǬȍȘȕȐȚȍ ȘțȟȒț ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȕȍȚ, — ȕȍ ȕȈȌȖ ȧ șȈȔ ȗȘȐȕȍșț Ƕȕ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ

șȌȍȓȈȍȚ
Ǻȧȕ-ȠȐ-ȕȥ ȊȣȠȍȓ
ǪșȒȖȘȍ Ȗȕ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ș ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȑ șȒȓȧȕȒȖȑ Ȋ șȒȓȧȕȒȍ ȉȣȓȈ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ ȎȐȌȒȖșȚȤ
ȏȍȓȍȕȖȊȈȚȖȋȖ ȞȊȍȚȈ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȦȡȈȧ ȊȖȌȖȘȖșȓȤ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȗȖȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȏȈșȚȖȧȊ-
Ƞȍȑșȧ ȕȈ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȊȖȌȍ
— ǪȖȏȤȔȐȚȍ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȍȌțȗȘȍȎȌȈȦ ȊȈș ȕȍ ȗȍȑȚȍ ȥȚȖ ȌȖ Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ ȗȖȒȈ ȕȍ
ȖȒȘȍȗȕȍȚȍ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȘȍȖȌȖȓȍȍȚȍ ȊȈȠȍȋȖ ©ȕȍȗȘȍȖȌȖȓȐȔȖȋȖª ȊȓȍȟȍȕȐȧ
Ȓ ȓȦȌȧȔ ȐȕȈȟȍ Ȋȣ ȔȖȎȍȚȍ ȌȈȎȍ ȗȖȋȐȉȕțȚȤ ǵȈȠȐ ȚȘțȉȒȐ ȖșȚȣȓȐ Ȉ ȓȈȔȗȖȟ-
ȒȐ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȚțșȒȓȖ ȔȍȘȞȈȦȚ — ȕȍ ȕȈȟȈȚȤ ȓȐ ȕȈȔ șȕȖȊȈ ȒțȘȐȚȤ"
ǰ Ȕȣ ȗȘȐȕȧȓȐșȤ șȓȖȊȈ ȏȈ ȖȗȐțȔ DzțȘȐȓȐ ȔȖȓȟȈ
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ȅȚȖ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ȌȈȊȕȖ-ȌȈȊȕȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ șȒȐȚȈȓșȧ ȗȖ ǬȈȓȤȕȍȔț ǪȖșȚȖȒț ǰ ȍș-
ȓȐ ȉȣ ȕȍ șȒȓȧȕȒȈ ș ȏȍȓȍȕȖȑ ȎȐȌȒȖșȚȤȦ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȧ ȕȖșȐȓ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ș șȖȉȖȑ ȚȖ Ȕȕȍ,
ȕȈȊȍȘȕȖȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȉȣ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȓȐȠȤ șȕȖȔ
ǵȍȌȈȊȕȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȚȧȎȍȓȖ ȧ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȊȣȗȐȚȤ ȎȐȌȒȖșȚȤ
ȝȖȚȧ ȔȈȓȖ ȊȍȘȐȓ șȓȖȊȈȔ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȈ Ȑ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȟȍȔț-ȚȖ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ
ȎȐȌȒȖșȚȤ — ȧȌȖȊȐȚȈ ǵȖ ȧ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȘȍȠȐȓșȧ — șȔȍȘȚȤ ȕȍ ȗțȋȈȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ.
ǶșȚȈȓșȧ ȖȌȐȕ ǹ ȚȘțȌȖȔ ȘȈșȒȘȣȓ ȗȘȖȉȒț ȗȖȌȕȍș șȒȓȧȕȒț Ȓ ȋțȉȈȔ Ǩȝ ȒȈȒ
ȖȌțȘȔȈȕȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȏȈȗȈȝ... ǬȈ, șȔȍȘȚȤ, șȔȍȘȚȤ ȇ ȧșȕȖ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ ȎȐȌȒȖșȚȤ ȧȌȖ-
ȊȐȚȈ DzȈȒ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ: Ȕȕȍ ȏȈȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ ȗȖȌȖȑȚȐ Ȓ ȏȍȘȒȈȓț ǵȍțȎȍȓȐ Ȍȓȧ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ
ȊȐȌȍȚȤ șȔȍȘȚȤ" ǰ ȧ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ ǹȕȧȓ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȖ șȖ șȚȍȕȣ ǸțȒȐ ȚȈȒ ȌȘȖȎȈȓȐ ȌțȘ-
ȔȈȕȐȓ ȏȈȗȈȝ ǪȌȘțȋ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȤȞȍ șȖșȒȖȓȤȏȕțȓȖ ș ȘțȒ ȏȈȌȍȓȖ șȒȓȧȕȒț Ȑ ȊȔȍșȚȍ
ș ȕȍȑ ȕȈ ȔȍȓȒȐȍ ȒțșȖȟȒȐ ȘȈȏȉȐȓȖșȤ Ȗ ȗȈȘȒȍȚ
ǮȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȊȣȔȍȚȈȓȈ ȖșȒȖȓȒȐ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȤȞȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȚȈȒ ȋȘțșȚȕȈ ȚȈȒ ȗȍ-
ȟȈȓȤȕȈ DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ — ȖȕȈ șțȍȊȍȘȕȈ ǵȖ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȧ șȈȔ ȗȖȓȔȍșȧȞȈ ȗȘȖȓȍȎȈȓ Ȋ ȗȖ-
șȚȍȓȐ ȐȏȘȍȌȒȈ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȧ Ȋ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȍ"
ǹȒȓȧȕȒȈ Ǻȧȕ-ȠȐ-ȕȥ ȝȘȈȕȐȊȠȈȧ șȔȍȘȚȤ ȕȍțȎȍȓȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Țȣ ȔȖȋȓȈ ȗȘȐȊȍș-
ȚȐ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȓ ȒȖȕȞț ȔȖȐȝ ȕȈȌȍȎȌ Ȑ ȔțȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȕȍȗȖȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ ȎȐȏȕȐ"

ǿǼǻ
ȋȠȬȒ

ǵȍ ȉȣȓȖ șȐȓ
ȇ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȗȖȒȐȕțȚȤ ȘȖȌȕȖȑ ȋȖȘȖȝ ȖȉȔȈȕțȚȤ ȉȓȐȏȒȐȝ Ȑ ȋȌȍ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȗȖȒȖȕ-
ȟȐȚȤ ș șȖȉȖȑ
ǩȣȓȈ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȧȧ ȕȖȟȤ — țȚȘȖȔ ȘȈȕȖ ȧ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ țȍȏȎȈȚȤ ȇ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȐȓ
ȧȌ șȗȘȧȚȈȓ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȒȈȘȔȈȕ ȗȖȧșȈ Ȑ ș ȕȐȔ ȓȍȋ Ȋ ȗȖșȚȍȓȤ
ȇ țșȕțȓ
ȇ ȊȖȠȍȓ Ȋ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒțȦ ȗțșȚțȦ ȋȘȧȏȕțȦ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ș ȗȖȚȖȓȒȈ Ȋ țȋȓȈȝ ȒȖȔ-
ȕȈȚȣ ȒȈȗȈȓȈ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ ȋȘȧȏȕȈȧ ȎȐȌȒȖșȚȤ ȕȈ șȚȍȕȈȝ ȌȘȖȎȈȓȐ șȍȘȣȍ ȋȘȧȏȕȣȍ Țȍ-
ȕȐ ǮțȚȒȖ ȉȣȓȖ ǶȚȖȊșȦȌț ȗȖȓȏȓȐ ȚȍȕȐ ǵȈ ȗȖȓț șȒȖȓȤȏȐȓȖ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖȍ
ȔȍȘȏȒȖȍ ȇ ȕȍȘȊȕȖ ȝȖȌȐȓ Ȑȏ țȚȓȈ Ȋ țȋȖȓ Ǵȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȈȒ ȚȧȎȍȓȖ ȇ șȓȣȠȈȓ ȒȈȒ
ȉȐȓȖșȤ ȔȖȍ șȍȘȌȞȍ Ȑ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ Ȋșȧ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȈ șȚțȟȈȓȈ ȌȈȊȧȡȐȔ ȥȝȖ ȍȋȖ țȌȈȘȖȊ ǫȖ-
ȓȖșȈ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȖȓȕȈ ȟȍȘȊȍȑ, — ȧ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ ș ȉȖȓȤȦ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȒȈȎȌțȦ
ȔȣșȓȤ
ǩȣȓȖ ȚȈȒ ȚȘțȌȕȖ ȌȣȠȈȚȤ
ǺȈȒ ȚȧȎȍȓȖ
ǰ ȧ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓ ȟȚȖ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȍșȚȤ ȧȌ ȇ Ȋȏȧȓ ȗȖȘȖȠȖȒ șȔȖȟȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȒȈȗȈȦȡȍȑ ș
ȗȖȚȖȓȒȈ ȊȖȌȖȑ ȕȍ Ȋșȍ ȓȐ ȘȈȊȕȖ"
 Ȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȘȖȋȓȖȚȐȓ
ȇ țȔȍȘ ǹȍȘȌȞȍ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȖșȤ ǵȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ șȓȣȠȈȓ ȕȍ
ȊȐȌȍȓ ȇ ȌțȔȈȓ — ȌțȔȈȓ ȉȍȏ șȚȘȈȌȈȕȤȧ Ȗ ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ ȗțșȚȖȔ ȗȘȖșȚȖȔ Ȗ ȕȍȕțȎȕȖȔ
ǪȌȘțȋ Ȋ ȋȘțȌȐ ȚȐȝȖ ȖȉȖȘȊȈȓȖșȤ șȚȘȈȠȕȈȧ ȉȖȓȤ șȌȈȊȐȓȈ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȇ ȗȘȖșȕțȓ-
șȧ ȗȘȖșȕțȓșȧ șȖ șȚȖȕȖȔ
ǵȈ ȋȘțȌȐ ȔȖȍȑ ȓȍȎȈȓȈ Ȑ ȔȐȘȕȖ ȔțȘȓȣȒȈȓȈ ȕȈȠȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ ȌȖȔȈȠȕȧȧ ȒȖȠ-
ȒȈ...
ȇ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȎȐȚȤ ǶșȚȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȘȖȌȕȖȔ ȋȖȘȖȌȍ
ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȧ ȓȦȉȓȦ ȎȐȚȤ Ȑ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȉȖȦșȤ șȔȍȘȚȐ ǾȍȕȦ șȚȘȈȌȈȕȤȧ ȕȖ ȉȍȋț Ȑȝ,
Ȑȡț ȘȈȌȖșȚȐ Ȑȡț ȒȘȈșȖȚȣ ȐșȚȐȕȕȖȋȖ
ȇ ȕȍ ȝȖȟț țȔȐȘȈȚȤ — ȧ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȉȓȐȏȒȖ șȔȍȘȚȤ

ȀǼǸǶǷǿǸǶdz ǻǮǯǾǼǿǸǶ
Ƕ — Ǽǻ
ǽȜȒ ȞȖȠȚ ȒȜȔȒȭ

24
DzȈȗȓȐ ȍȡȍ ș șțȔȍȘȍȒ ȏȈșȚțȟȈȓȐ ȗȖ ȖȒȕȈȔ ȗȖ ȒȘȣȠȈȔ, Ȋ țȓȐȞȈȝ — ȊșȦȌț
DzȖȋȌȈ ȏȈȎȋȓȐ ȓȈȔȗȣ Ȋ ȌȖȔȈȝ Ȑ ȜȖȕȈȘȐ ȕȈ țȓȐȞȈȝ — ȌȖȎȌȐȕȒȐ Ȕȧȋȟȍ
ȠțȔȍȓȐ ȗȖ ȔȖșȚȖȊȣȔ ȕȈ ȒȈȔȕȧȝ țȎȍ ȌȘȖȎȈȓȐ ȓțȎȐ
ǰ ȓțȟȐ Ȗȋȕȍȑ ȊȔȐȋ ȏȈȗȘȣȋȈȓȐ ȊȍșȍȓȖ Ȑ ȉȖȑȒȖ ȕȈ ȔȖȒȘȣȝ ȒȈȔȍȕȤȧȝ Ȑ Ȋ ȒȖ-
ȘȧȊȣȝ ȓțȎȈȝ
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ȇ șȍȓ Ȋ ȒȖȓȧșȒț DzțȘțȔȈ* șȗȘȧȚȈȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȚ ȌȖȎȌȧ Ȋ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ șȚȍȕȣ ȒȖȓȧșȒȐ
Ȑ ȗȖȉȍȎȈȓ ȗȖ țȓȐȞȈȔ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍțȓȒȈȔ
Ǫ ȖȒȖȠȍȟȒȍ ȗȍȘȍȌȖ ȔȕȖȑ ȗȘȣȋȈȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȟȍȘȕȈȧ ȠȓȧȗȈ ǪȌȈȓȐ ȔȍȓȤȒȈȓȐ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȉȍȋȈȓȐ ȗȖ ȓțȎȈȔ ȎȍȓȚȣȍ ȉȓȍȌȕȣȍ ȜȐȖȓȍȚȖȊȣȍ, ȒȘȈșȕȣȍ — ȗȧȚȕȈ Ȗȋȕȍȑ
ǰȕȖȋȌȈ ȔȐȔȖ ș ȊȖȘȟȓȐȊȣȔ ȋȘȖȝȖȚȖȔ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȘȖȕȖșȐȓȐșȤ ȗȈșȔțȘȕȣȍ
ȎȍȓȚȣȍ ȊȈȋȖȕȣ ȚȘȈȔȊȈȧ
ǺȖ ȊȌȘțȋ ȉȍȠȍȕȖ Ȑ ȉȍșȠȈȉȈȠȕȖ ȔȍȓȤȒȈȓȐ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȐ ȊȘȍȏȈȧșȤ Ȋ ȌȖȎȌȤ
ȖȋȕȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȘȣȟȈ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȕȍȕȣȍ ȏȊȍȘȐ — ȗȘȖȚȧȎȕȖ ȎȍșȚȖȒȖ ȊȏȢȧȘȍȕ-
ȕȖ ȇ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ — Ȋ ȚȘȐ ȡȍȓȐ ȖȒȖȕ ȗȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȒȈȒ ȗȖ ȡȍȒȈȔ șȒȈȚȣȊȈȓȐșȤ ȒȘțȗ-
ȕȣȧ ȌȖȎȌȐȕȒȐ
ǹȔȖȚȘȍȓ Ȑ ȉȍșșȊȧȏȕȖ-ȖȚȘȣȊȖȟȕȖ ȌțȔȈȓ Țȧȋțȟȍ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ șȒȈȟȒȈȔȐ ȚȖșȒȖȊȈȓ
ȗȖ ȗȘȐȊȣȟȒȍ
ǷȖ ȟȍȘȕȣȔ șȚȍȕȈȔ Ȑ ȗȈșȔțȘȕȣȔ ȖȒȕȈȔ ȗȘȣȋȈȓȐ ȌȘȖȉȐȓȐșȤ ȚȘȍȡȈȓȐ ȕȈ-
ȏȖȑȓȐȊȖ ȕȈșȚȖȑȟȐȊȖ Ȑ ȔȖȕȖȚȖȕȕȖ ȒȈȗȓȐ ȌȖȎȌȧ
Ǩ ȗȍȘȍȌȖ ȔȕȖȑ Ȋșȍ ȗȘȣȋȈȓȈ-ȗȓȧșȈȓȈ ȌȘȈȏȕȧȡȍ-ȉȖȑȒȖ ȒȘțȋȓȈȧ ȒȈȒ ȉȓȐȕ
ȠȓȧȗȈ ȒțȘțȔȣ
ǰȏȘȍȌȒȈ Ȋ ȡȍȓȐ — ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȖȉȐȊȈȓȐșȤ ȉȘȣȏȋȐ ȓȖȎȐȓȐșȤ ȓȈșȒȖȊȖ ȔȧȋȒȖ
ȒȈȒ țȓȣȉȒȈ ȕȈ ȡȍȒȐ ȊȖȓȖșȣ ȕȈ ȠȍȦ
— ȉȖȌȘȐȓȐ țȚȍȠȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȔȐȋ...
ǬțȔȈȓ șȖșȘȍȌȖȚȖȟȍȕȕȖ ȕȖ ȕȍțșȚȖȑȟȐȊȖ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȕȍȘȊȕȖ șȎȐȔȈȧ ȕȖȋȖȚȤ ȏț-
ȉȈȔȐ
ǿțȊșȚȊȈ ȗȍȘȍȉȐȊȈȓȐ ȔȣșȓȤ ȊȣȘȣȊȈȓȐșȤ ȊȌȘțȋ Ȑ ș ȕȐȔȐ — ȕȈ ȓȉț Ȑ ȔȍȎ ȉȘȖ-
Ȋȍȑ ȊȣșȚțȗȈȓȐ ȔȖȘȡȐȕȣ ǴȍȠȈȓȐ ȟțȊșȚȊȈ Ȑ ȔȖȘȡȐȕȣ ȇ ȚȍȘȧȓ ȔȣșȓȤ ǵȖ
ȘȈȏȖȋȕȈȊ ȔȖȘȡȐȕȣ șȕȖȊȈ ȌțȔȈȓ șȓțȠȈȧ ȔțȏȣȒț ȒȈȗȍȓȤ
ǩȣȓȖ țȌȖȉȕȖ ȌțȔȈȚȤ —
ȇ ȗȘȐȊȣȒ Ȓ ȌȖȎȌȦ Ȑ Ȓ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȣȋȈȦȡȍȑ Ƞȓȧȗȍ. ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ — ȚȘȈȔȊȈȐ
Ȑ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȐ ȗțȋȈȓȐ ȔȣșȓȤ
ȇ ȌțȔȈȓ Ȗ ȒȘȈșȖȚȍ Ȗ ȌȖȎȌȓȐȊȣȝ ȊȍȟȍȘȈȝ Ȗ ȊȟȍȘȈȠȕȍȔ Ȍȕȍ Ȗ ȔȖȍȔ ȋȈȓ-
* ©Ʉɭɪɭɦɚª — ɬɚɤ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɜ əɩɨɧɢɢ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɡɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɤɨɥɹɫɤɭ ©ɪɢɤɲɚª
 ©Ʉɭ-
ɪɭɦɚª ɡɚɦɟɧɹɟɬ ɥɨɲɚɞɶ ɢ ɜɨɡɢɬ ɩɚɫɫɚɠɢɪɨɜ ɤɚɤ ɭ ɧɚɫ ɢɡɜɨɡɱɢɤ ɗɬɨɬ ɭɧɢɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɢ
ɠɟɫɬɨɤɢɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɩɟɪɟɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ — ɜɨ ɜɫɟɣ əɩɨɧɢɢ 

șȚțȝȍ Ȗ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȌȍȊțȠȒȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ș ȏȖȕȚȐȒȖȔ ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌȐȓȈ țȓȐȞț Ȗ ȏȖȕȚȐȒȈȝ
Ȗ ǵȐȞȠȍ Ȗȉ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȖȔ ȧȏȣȒȍ Ȗ ȚȘȖȚțȈȘȈȝ Ȗ ȗȐȊȍ Ȑ ȍȡȍ Ȑ ȍȡȍ — ȚȈȒ ȔȕȖ-
ȋȖ Ȑ ȘȈȏȕȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȖ ȌțȔȈȓ ȌțȔȈȓ ȌțȔȈȓ Ȋșȍ ȌțȔȈȓ Ȑ ȚȖșȒȖȊȈȓ ȗȖ ȗȘȐȊȣȟȒȍ
ȗȖȟȚȐ ȔȈȠȐȕȈȓȤȕȖ
ǷȖȌțȔȈȓ Ȗ ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ ȕȍȟȈȧȕȕȖ Ȑ ȏȈȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ ȌȍȒȓȈȔȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ șȊȖȐ șȚȐȝȐ
ǷȘȖȟȐȚȈȓ ȊȗȖȓȋȖȓȖșȈ ș ȔȐȔȐȒȖȑ ȎȍșȚȐȒțȓȧȞȐȍȑ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ — șȌȍȘȎȈȕ-
ȕȖȑ — șȖȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊțȦȡȍȑ
ǬȖșȈȌȖȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ șȓȣȠȈȓ — ǪȣȠȓȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȗȘȧȔȖ ȕȈ ȘȍȌȒȖșȚȤ țȌȈȟ-
ȕȖǯȍȊȕțȓ ȊȌȘțȋ
ǵȍ țșȗȍȓ ȖȗȘȈȊȐȚȤ ȓȐȞȖ ȗȖȔȧȚȖȍ ȏȍȊȒȖȔ ȒȈȒ ȒțȘțȔȈ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ — ȗȘȐ-
ȍȝȈȓ
— ǹȒȖȓȤȒȖ"
— ǹȍȔȤȌȍșȧȚ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȒțȘțȔȈ
Ǫ ȖȗȘȈȊȌȈȕȐȍ ȗȘȖȊȍȓ ȘțȒȖȦ ȗȖ ȋȖȘȧȟȍȔț ȓȉț Ȉ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȚȒȕțȓ Ȋ ȌȖȎȌȤ Ȑ ȕȈ
ȔȖȒȘțȦ ȒȖȓȧșȒț
ȇ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȖ-ȗȘȐȊȣȟȕțȦ țȓȣȉȒț ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ ȗȖȕȧȓ
ȟȚȖ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȚȖȎȍ ȊșȦ ȌȖȘȖȋț ȌțȔȈȓ ȌțȔȈȓ ȌțȔȈȓ ȗȖȌ ȌȖȎȌȍȔ
ǰ — Ȗȕ
— ǩȖȎȍ Ȗ ȟȍȔ Ȗȕ ȌțȔȈȓ" Ƕ șȊȖȍȑ — ȊȟȍȘȈ țȔȍȘȠȍȑ Ȏȍȕȍ Ȗ  ȏȈȘȈȉȖȚȈȕ-
ȕȣȝ ȐȍȕȈȝ" ǰȓȐ ȉȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȒȈȒ ȧ ȕȍȉȘȍȎȕȖ ȚȖșȒȖȊȈȓ Ȑ ȌțȔȈȓ ȕȈțȋȈȌ
ȏȘȧ Ȉ ȐȒȘȣ ȔȖȒȓȐ Ȑ ȕȣȓȐ
 ȈȗȘȍȓȧ ȕ șȚ ȋ ǵȖȟȤ
ǺȖȒȐȖ ǨȒȈȏȈȒȈ ǩ – ǯ

ǺǮǾȀdzǹǶǶ
ǶȟȠȜȞȖȖ ȚȜȓȗ ȟȚȓȞȠȖ

27
27 șȚ șȚ ȇȕȊȈȘȤ 1918 ȋȖȌ
ǫȕȐȓȖȑ ǻȋȖȓ
ǽȈȑ-ȠȐȕ-Ȋȍȑ
ȅǬǫǨǸǻ ǪǭǵǭǬǰDzǺǶǪǰǿǻ
DzȖȔȕȈȚȈ ǺȈȓȈȕȣ ǹȖȓȤȊȍȑȋ
ǴǨǸǺǻ
ǹȖș
ȔȖȍȔț ȗȍȘȊȍȕȞț ȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȔț
ǪǭǵǭǬǰDzǺ ǴǨǸǺ
șȣȕț.
 ǴdzǻǶȃ ȅdzǾǻȉǷ
ȇ ȏȐȔȖȑ ȕȈ ȒȓȈȌȉȐȡȍ ȗȖȑȔȈȓ ǪȖȘȖȕȈ
Ƕȕ ȗȘȖȎȐȓ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ ȌȖ Ȋȍșȕȣ
.
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ǵȈ ȐșȝȖȌȍ ǴȈȘȚȈ ȧ ȒțȗȐȓ ȌȊȈ ȖȉȘțȟȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȒȖȓȤȞȈ —
ǶȌȕȖ ȧ ȗȘȐȊȧȏȈȓ Ȓ ȒȘȣȓț ȟȍȘȕȖȔț — ȌȘțȋȖȍ — ȗȘȖȋȓȖȚȐȓ — Ȋ șȍȘȌȞȍ
ȇ ȖȉȘțȟȐȓșȧ ș ǪȖȘȖȕȖȔ
ǹȒȖȘȉȕȖ ȗȖȞȍȓȖȊȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȔȐȋȈȦȡȐȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ǰ Ȗȕ ȖȚȓȍȚȍȓ ȖȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȈ ȐșȝȖȌȍ
ǴȈȘȚȈ
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ǹȖȓȕȞȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȐȋȘȈȚȤ ț ȒȘȣȓȈ ȟȍȘȕȖȋȖ
dzțȟ șȖȓȕȞȈ ȘȈȏȌȘȖȉȐȚșȧ ȕȈ ȏȖȓȖȚȖȔ ȒȖȓȤȞȍ
ǰ ȓțȕȈ Ȑ ȏȊȍȏȌȣ
ǵȍ ȚȘȖȕțȚ ȟȍȘȊȐ Ȋ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȚȘțȗȈ ȒȖȓȤȞȈ
— ǴȐȕțȦȚ ȟȍȘȊȐ

28
 șȚ șȚ ȇȕȊȈȘȤ  ȋȖȌ
 ȇdzǹȊ
ǷȖșȊȧȡȈȦ ǹȍȘȈȜȐȔȍ ǯȈȝȈȘȤȍȊȕȍ
dzȍșȖȝȐȕȖȑ — Ȏȍȕȍ ȔȖȍȑ
ǩȣȓȖ ȚȈȒ ȚȍșȕȖ ȚȈȒ ȚȍșȕȖ ǹȔȍȘȚȤ ȗȘȐȗȓȦșȕțȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ǬȖșȒȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȈȘȖ-
ȔȈȚȕȣ ȕȖ ȚȈȒ țȋȘȦȔȣ ȚȈȒ șȚȘȖȋȐ ǩȣȓȖ ȉȍȏȣșȝȖȌȕȖ ȚȍȔȕȖ Ȋ ȋȘȖȉț ǰ ȧ șȚȐș-
ȕțȓ ȊȍȒȐ ȌȖ ȕȍȘȊȖȊ
ǰ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȧ ȚȖșȒȖȊȈȓ Ȋ ȉțȌȕȧȝ ȏȐȔȣ Ȑ șȔȍȘȚȐ
ǪȍșȕȖȑ ȗȘȐȗȖȓȏȓȐ ȟȍȘȊȐ ǶșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȋȘȖȉț
ȇ ȉȣȓ ȚȈȒ ȘȈȌ ȚȘȖȕțȚ ȊȐȏȐȚȖȔ ȎȐȊȣȝ ǪȍȌȤ ȧ ȖȚȊȣȒ ȖȚ ȎȐȏȕȐ ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ
ȋȖșȚȐ ȟȍȘȊȐ — ȖȕȐ ȐȏȓȈșȒȈȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȌȖ ȒȖșȚȍȑ
ǺȖȓȗȣ ȟȍȘȊȍȑ ȘȈȏȕȍșȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ǩȍșșȔȍȘȚȤȍ
ǰ Ȋ șȔȍȘȚȐ — ȡȍȓȤ
ȇ șȒȘȣȓșȧ Ȋ ȚȘȈȊȍ — ǷȘȖȘȊȈȓșȧ ȚȘȈȊȖȑ...
— ǯȕȈȍȚȍ Ȗ ȟȍȔ ȠȍȗȚȈȓȐ Țȍ ȚȘȈȊȣ! —
— «ǷȖȌȈȑȚȍ ȒȖȘȖȊȤȐ ȎȍȓțȌȒȐ — ǴȈȘȚ ȝȖȟȍȚ șȕȖȊȈ Ȓ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒț»...

29
 șȚ șȚ ȇȕȊȈȘȤ  ȋȖȌ
 ǿǹdzǵȉ ȅdzǾǻȉdz
ǬȘȈȋȖȞȍȕȕȖȔț ǵȐȒȖȓȈȦ ǪȈȘȜȖȓȖȔȍȍȊț
ȇ ȘȈșȚȍȘȏȈȓ ȕȖȟȤ ǿȍȘȕȣȍ ȒȓȖȟȤȧ ȧ ȘȈșȠȊȣȘȧȓ ȗȖ țȋȓȈȔ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ
— ǵȖ ȏȈ ȖȒȕȖȔ —
ǶȕȈ ȌȈȊȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ șȚȍȒȓȈ
ǻȗȖȘȕȈȧ ȔȋȓȈ ȗȘȖșȖȟȐȓȈșȤ ȟȍȘȕȖȑ ȒȘȖȊȤȦ Ȋ șȚȍȒȓȈ ǻ ȗȖȌȖȒȖȕȕȐȒȈ — ȕȈ
ȗȖȓț ȏȈȗȍȒȈȓȈșȤ ǿȍȘȕȖȍ ȗȧȚȕȖ — ȓțȎȈ Ȕȋȓȣ
ȇ șȔȣȓ Ȑ ȥȚȖ ȗȧȚȕȖ — ǹȔȣȓ ȓțȟȈȔȐ șȊȍȟȐ ǷȖșȚȈȊȐȓ șȊȍȟț ȕȈ ȗȖȌȖȒȖȕ-
ȕȐȒ
ȇȏȣȒ ȎȍȓȚȣȑ ȓȐȏȈȓ ȜȐȚȐȓȤ Ȑ Ȕȋȓț ȏȈȖȒȖȕȕțȦ
ǺȘȍȗȍȚȈȓȐ Ȋ țȋȓȈȝ șȒȖȔȒȈȕȕȣȍ ȒȓȖȟȤȧ ȕȖȟȐ
ǻȧȏȊȓȍȕȕȖ Ȑ ȗȣȚȓȐȊȖ ȔȖȘȋȈȓȐ țȋȓȣ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ
ǪȌȘțȋ ȘȈșȒȘȣȓȈșȤ ȌȊȍȘȤ
ǪȖȠȓȈ ȚțșȒȓȈȧ ǷțșȚȣȕȧ
DzȈȒ ȠȓȍȑȜ ȠțȘȠȈȓ ȗȍșȖȒ ț ȗȖȘȖȋȈ
ǷțșȚȣȕȧ ȘȈȏȌȊȐȕțȓȈ ȘȍȉȘȈ ȔȖȐ Ȑ ȗȘȖșȚȍȘȓȈșȤ Ȋ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȔȖȍȔ
DzȈȒ ȠȓȍȑȜ ȠțȘȠȈȓȖ șȍȘȌȞȍ Ȋ ȗȍșȒȈȝ
ȇ țȋȖȘȍȓ ǷțșȚȣȕȍȑ —
— Ǫșȍ ȔȖȘȡȐȕȣ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȕȖ șȖȉȘȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȓȐȞȍ ȔȖȍȔ ǫȓȈȏȈ ȕȈșȚȖȘȖȎȐȓȐșȤ
ȒȖșȖ ǪȍȒȈȔȐ șȚȘȧȝȕțȓ șȓȍȏȣ ǹȚȐșȕțȓ ȋțȉȣ
ǯțȉȈȔȐ ȊȘȍȏȈȓșȧ Ȋ șȍȘȌȞȍ
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— ǬȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ —
ǰ ȧ Ȑȏ ȜȓȈȒȖȕȈ Ȋȣȗȓȍșȕțȓ ȟȍȘȕȐȓȈ Ȋ ȓȐȞȖ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȈ
— ǿȍȘȕȣȑ ȖȚȊȍȚ
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— ǵȈ ǯȍȘȒȈȓȖ ǪȖȏȤȔȐ ȥȚȐ ȒȓȖȟȤȧ Ȑ ȊȣȚȘȐ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ șȓȍȏȣ
ǹȚȍȒȈȓȖ Ȑ ȏȈȗȍȒȈȓȖșȤ

30
 șȚ șȚ ȇȕȊȈȘȤ 
 ǼǯǾȍDz ǻǮ ǽǼǹȁǻǼȅǶ
DzȈȕȍȌȈ-șȈȕț
ǯȊȍȏȌȣ ȏȧȉȓȐ ȕȈ șțȟȤȧȝ Ȗșȍȕȕȍȑ Ȕȋȓȣ
ǷȘȖȌȘȖȋȓȐ ȏȊȍȏȌȣ Ȑ ȔȐȋȈȓȐ —
DzȈȟȈȓȐșȤ ȊȖ Ȕȋȓȍ
ǷȖ ȏȍȔȓȍ — ȊȕȐȏț ȠȈȘȐȓ ȊȍȚȍȘ Ȋ ȏȈșȖȝȠȍȔ...
DzȈȔȍȕȤ șȒȈȚȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȖȚȒȖș Ȑ — ȒȈȒ ȊȒȖȗȈȕȕȣȑ — șȚȖȐȚ ȊȕȐȏț —
Dz ȕȍȔț ȗȖȌȗȖȓȏȈȦȚ ȊȖȓȕȣ ȖȔȣȊȈȦȚ ȗȘȐȟȍșȣȊȈȦȚ ȍȋȖ ȔȖȝ
DzȈȔȍȕȤ ȕȍ ȝȖȟȍȚ ȓȈșȒȐ Ȑ Ȋ ȉȘȣȏȋȐ ȌȘȖȉȐȚ ȊȖȓȕȣ
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DzȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȗȘȖȠȍȓșȧ ȗȖ ȉȍȘȍȋț
Ƕȕ șȚȍȒȖȔ ȊȖȌȐȚ ȗȖ ȊȖȓȕȍ ȉȖȘȖȏȌȐȚ — ȧȏȊȐȚ ȍȍ
ǴȖȘȡȐȕȐȚșȧ ȊȖȓȕȈ
..ǪȌȘțȋ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȟȐȘȒȕțȓ șȗȐȟȒț Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ ȟȈșȣ ȕȈȌȍȓ ȔȖȕȖȒȓȤ ȕȈ ȓȍ-
Ȋȣȑ ȋȓȈȏ Ȑ ȗȖȠȍȓ Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ.
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ǰ — țȚȖȕțȓ Ȋ ȕȍȔ
ǴȖȕȖȒȓȤ șȒȈȚȐȓșȧ ș ȍȋȖ ȋȓȈȏȈ
DzȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ ȘȣȉȈ ȒȓȦȕțȓȈ ȟȈșȣ Ȑ șȚȈȓȈ ȐȋȘȈȚȤ ț ȓȐȞȈ ȍȋȖ...
ǪȐȏȐȚȒț ȞȈȘȈȗȈȓȐ ȒȘȈȉȣ

31
 ȇȕȊȈȘȧ  ȋȖȌȈ
 ǿǸǼǾǯȊ ǻǼǰǼǿdzǹȊȍ
ǶȟȍȘȒ ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖȋȖ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘȈȕȚȈ
ǪȈȘȊȈȘȍ ǹȚȈȚȤȍȊȖȑ
ȇ ȊȖȠȍȓ Ȋ ȕȖȊțȦ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț
ǹȍȘȈȜȐȔȈ — ȎȍȕȈ ȔȖȧ — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ, — ȟȚȖ ȕȖȟȤ ȚȍȔȕȖ.
ǷțșȚȤ ȚȈȒ..
ǵȖ ȊȍȌȤ ǴȈȘȚ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȍȚ ȕȖȟȤȦ
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ǵȖȊȖșȍȓȤȍ șȗȘȈȊȓȦ ȒȈȒ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ Ȋ șțȔȍȘȒȐ —
Ǯȍȕț ȖȚȗȘȈȊȓȦ Ȋ ȒȐȕȍȔȈȚȖȋȘȈȜ Ȑ ȚȐȝȖȕȤȒȖ ȊȚȐȝȖȔȖȓȒț șȗȘȈȊȓȦ ȕȖȊȖșȍ-
ȓȤȍ
Ǩ ȍșȓȐ ȒȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȊȖȑȌȍȚ Ȋ Țȍ șțȔȍȘȒȐ ȧ ȒȘȐȒȕț șȒȊȖȏȤ ȏțȉȣ
— «DzȘȦȟȖȒ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȔȍȠȈȓȐ»
— «ǪȍȘȍȊȒȈ Țȣ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȌȓȐȕȕȈ»
— «ǷȍȚȓȧ Țȣ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȗȖșȓțȠȕȈ»
ǷȘȐȠȍȌȠȍȔț șțȕț ȘțȒț Ȑ ȊȣȎȔț țȓȣȉȒț:
«— ǯȌȘȈȊșȚȊțȑȚȍ ȗȖȟȍȔț Ȋȣ ȊȖȠȓȐ Ȋ șțȔȍȘȒȐ" ǸȈȏȊȍ ȚȈȒ ȔȖȎȕȖ — ǵȈȌȖ
ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȏȈȎȐȋȈȦȚ ȓȈȔȗȣ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȖȋȐ ȕȈȌ ȗȖȓȖȔ ǬȈȊȈȑȚȍ ȊȗȘȖȟȍȔ
ȗȖȊȍșȐȔ ȕȈ ȒȘȦȟȖȒ ȊȍȘȍȊȒț ȗȘȖșțȕȍȔ Ȋ ȗȍȚȓȦ șțȔȍȘȒȐ Ȑ ȟȐȘȒȕȍȔ șȗȐȟȒț.»
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DzȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ țȑȌȍȚ ȧ ȉțȌț ȟȐȚȈȚȤ ȝȘȍșȚȖȔȈȚȐȦ ȒȈȒțȦ-ȕȐȉțȌȤȟȐȚȈȚȤ ȗȖȒȈ ȕȍ
ȏȈȗȓȈȟț ȏȈȗȓȈȟț ȏȈȗȓȈȟț Ȉ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȗȖȑȌț Ȋ ȒȈȜȍ ȐȓȐ Ȋ ȞȍȘȒȖȊȤ
ǰȓȐ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȗȖȊȍȠțșȤ ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȕȖȟȤ

32
 DZǼǾǯǮȀȉǷ ǹȌǯǼǰǻǶǸ
ǫȓțȉȖȒȖ-ȔȕȖȋȖ-ȡȍȌȘȖ ȓȦȉȐȔȖȔț ȔȖȍȔț ȀțȘȖȟȒȍ dzȍȊȐȚȈȕț
ǶȕȈ ȎȈȌȕȖ ȞȍȓȖȊȈȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȋȖȘȉ Ȑ ȘȌȧȕȣȍ ȍȍ ȊȖȓȖșȣ ȖșȣȗȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȗȓȍȟȐ
Ȑ ȠȍȦ
Ƕȕ șȒȖȘȟȍȕȕȖ țȓȣȉȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȗȖȌțȠȒț ǯȈȎȔțȘȐȓ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȗȘȐșȚȈȓȤȕȖ Ȑ șȒȖȘȉȕȖ
Ǩ ȋțȉȣ ȌȘȖȎȈȓȐ Ȑ șȖȝȓȐ
ǶȕȈ ȋȘțȌȤȦ ȓȤȕțȓȈ Ȓ ȍȋȖ ȒȖȓȍȕȧȔ Ȑ ȉȈȋȘȖȊȣȍ ȊȖȓȖșȣ ȍȍ ȖșȣȗȈȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȕȖȋȐ
Ȑ ȎȐȊȖȚ
Ƕȕ țȓȣȉȈȓșȧ Ȑ țȓȣȉȒȈ șȊȖȌȐȓȈ ȓȐȞȖ
ǶȕȈ ȠȍȗȚȈȓȈ ȉȘȍȌȕȖ ȉȍȏțȔȕȣȍ șȓȖȊȈ ȓȈșȒȈȓȈ ȟȈȌȕȖ țȘȖȌȈ Ƕȕ ȔȖȘȋȈȓ ȟȍȚ-
ȒȖ ȊșȓțȠȐȊȈȧșȤ Ȋ ȉȘȍȌ ȍȍ.
ǶȕȈ ȖȚȌȈȓȈșȤ ȍȔț
Ƕȕ ȗȖȒȐȕțȓ ȍȍ ȗȣȠȕȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ ȕȈșȣȚȐȊȠȐșȤ Ȑ ȋȖȘȉȖȔ ȖȚȚȖȓȒȕțȓ ȍȍ ȋȘțȌȤ
ǯȈȌȘȍȔȈȓ țșȚȈȓȣȑ ȋȖȘȉȈȚȣȑ
Ǩ ȖȕȈ ȔȍȚȈȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȐ ǷȘȐȓȤȕțȓȈ Ȓ șȗȧȡȍȔț
ǪȏȌȘȖȋȕțȓ Ȑ șȕȖȊȈ ȋȖȘȉȖȔ ȖȚȚȖȓȒȕțȓ ȍȍ ȋȘțȌȤ
ǮȍȕȡȐȕȈ șȓȍȏȈȔȐ șȔȖȟȐȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȋȖȘȉ
ǪȌȘțȋ ȊșȒȖȟȐȓȈ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȖȌȍȓȈșȤ
ǵȈȒȐȕțȓȈ ȉȖȈ Ȑ ȗȖȌȖȠȓȈ Ȓ șȗȧȡȍȔț
ǵȈȋȕțȓȈșȤ — ȗȖȞȍȓȖȊȈȚȤ ȗȘȖȡȈȓȤȕȖ ȓȦȉȖȊȕȐȒȈ ǵȖ ȊȌȘțȋ ȊșȒȖȟȐȓȈ Ȑ șȖ
ȏȓȖȉȖȑ ȒȈȉȓțȟȒȖȔ țȌȈȘȐȓȈ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȋȖȘȉ
«— ǷȘȖȡȈȑ ȇ ȘȈȏȓȦȉȐȓȈ ȊȈȠ ȋȖȘȉ ǵȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȍ ȓȈșȒȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ
ǷțșȚȤ ȊȈȠ ȋȖȘȉ ȓȐȎȍȚ șȖȉȈȒȈ»
— ǫȖȘȉȈȚȣȑ ȕȈȚȧȕțȓ ȗȘȖșȚȣȕȦ ȕȈ ȋȖȘȉ șȎȈȓ ȋțȉȣ ȏȈȔȖȘȋȈȓ Ȑ țȔȍȘ... ȗȘȐ-
ȟȍȔ șȢȍȎȐȓșȧ ȕȈșȒȊȖȏȤ
ǶșȍȕȤȦ ȟȍȘȊȐ ȌȣȘȧȊȐȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȋȘȖȉ Ǩ ȕȈ ȒȘȍșȚ șȗȈȌȈȓȐ ȘȌȧȕȣȍ ȉȈȋȘȖȊȣȍ
ȓȐșȚȤȧ ȒȓȍȕȈ

 ǯǪǭǯǬȃ ǰ ǾǰǼǸȃ
ȅȚț ǴȈȘȚȍȓȐȦ ǪȈȓȍȕȚȐȕȍ ǴȐȝȈȑȓȖȊȕȍ ǩȈȓȐȞȒȖȑ ȌȈȘțȍȚ ǨȊȚȖȘ
ǹȟȐȚȈȑȚȍ ȏȊȍȏȌȣ
ǭșȓȐ ǪȈȔ ȉȖȓȤȕȖ —
ǭșȓȐ Țȍȉȍ ȖȌȐȕȖȒȖ —
ǯȈȉțȌȤșȧ Ȋ ȏȊȍȏȌȈȝ
ǰ ȞȐȜȘȈȝ
ǭșȓȐ ȊȌȘțȋ
ǹȗȈȌȍȚ ȏȊȍȏȌȈ —
ǹȍȘȌȞȍ ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕȍȚ —
ǰ ȏȘȈȟȒȐ ȏȈȌȘȖȎȈȚ
— ǵȍ șȟȐȚȈȑȚȍ —
ǷȘȖȗțșȚȐȚȍ ȗȈȌȠțȦ ȏȊȍȏȌț
DzȖȋȌȈ țșȚȈȕȍȚȍ —
ȏȈȌȍȘȕȐȚȍ ȊȍȒȐ—
țșȕȐȚȍ
Ǫ șȕȈȝ ȕȍȚ
ǯȊȍȏȌ
— Ǫ șȕȈȝ ȕȍ ȕțȎȕȣ ȞȐȜȘȣ
ǺȈȔ ȕȍ ȖȌȐȕȖȒȖ
— ǪșȍȋȌȈ ȍșȚȤ — ǬȘțȋȖȑ
ǺȈȔ—ȉȖȓȤ—
Ȑȏ ȧȊȐ ȖȚ ȚȍȓȈ

ǶǵȁǺǾȁDzǻȉdz ȅdzǾǰǶ

35
Ƕ ǽǾǼǸǹǶǻǮȍ Ȁdzǯȍ
ǿǹǮǰǹȌ ǶǺȍ ȀǰǼdz
ǿǹǼǰǼ ǰȀǼǾǼdz
ǰ ǼǺȁȀdz ǵdzǾǸǮǹ

36
 ǴȈȑ șȚșȚ  ȋȖȌ
ǹ-Ƿ-ǩ DzȘȍșȚ ȖșȚȘȖȊ
ǹȖȓȤȊȍȑȋ ǹȖș
ǪȍȕȍȌȐȒȚ ǴȈȘȚ
ǽǼǿǰȍȇdzǻǶdz
ǪȈȔ — ȗȘȖȚȍȒȠȐȔ șȓȍȗȖ, ȔȐȘȐȈȌȈȔȐ Ȋ ȔȓȍȟȕȖȔ ȗțȚȐ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ
ǪȈȔ — ȖȗțșȚȖȠȍȕȕȣȔ ǫȍȕȐȧȔȐ Ȑ ȟȍȘȊȧȔȐ
ǪȈȔ — ȟȍȘȍȗȈȔȐ ǴȖȕȉȓȈȕȣ ȌȊȐȋȈȦȡȐȔ
ǪȈȔ ȔȍȘȚȊȍȞȣ ȘȈșȚȓȍȊȈȦȡȐȍ ȏȍȔȓȦ
ǪȈȔ ȌȈȘțȦȡȐȍ Ȋȍșȕȣ ȖȉȘȍȟȍȕȕȣȔ ǪȈȔȐ ȕȈ ȎȐȏȕȤ
ǪȈȔ ȟȘȍȏ ȟȍȘȊȍȑ țȝȖȌȧȡȐȔ Ȋ ȉȍșșȔȍȘȚȤȍ
ǪȈȔ, Ȋ ȋȘȖȉȈȝ șțȍȚț ȗȖȏȈȉȣȊȠȐȔ ȕȈș ȘȈȌȐ
ǪȈȔ ȉȍȏȋȘȖȉȕȣȑ ȐȏȋȕȈȕȕȐȒ, ȘȖȎȌȍȕȕȣȑ Ȋ ȔȖȋȐȓȍ, Ȑȏ ȕȍȌȘ ȐȏȘȐȕțȚȣȑ.
ǪȈȔ ȗȘȖȟȤ — Ȋ ȏȍȔȓȦ ȖȚȖȠȍȌȠȐȔ
ȌȈȘțȦ ȋȓțȝȐȍ
șȓȖȊȈ — ȐȏțȔȘțȌȕȣȍ ȟȍȘȊȐ
ǷȘȐȧȊȠȐȍ șȔȍȘȚȤ Ȋȣ ȏȓȖȊȍȡȍ ȔȍȘȚȊȣ

37
ǻȌȈȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȖȉȊȐȓșȧ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȌȍȘȍȊȈ ȊȌȘțȋ șȝȊȈȚȐȚ Țȍȉȧ Ȑ ȗȘȐȌȈȊȐȚ Ȓ șȚȊȖ-
ȓț
©ǹȔȍȘȚȤª... Ȑ ȏȍȊȖȚȖȑ ȘȈȏȊȓȍȒȈȧșȤ ȎȌȍȠȤ
©ǵȍȚª, — ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ țȌȈȊ ©ȧ țȎȈȓȦ Ǻȍȉȧ Ȋ ȉȍșșȔȍȘȚȤȍ ǵȖ țȎȈȓȦ ȚȊȖȦ Ȍț-
Ƞț ǶȕȈ — ȖȚȘȈȊȓȍȕȕȈȧ șȋȕȐȍȚ Ȑ ȕȈ ȋȕȐȦȡȍȑ ȏȈȗȣȓȈȦȚ ȞȊȍȚȣ ȗȘȈȝ ȌțȠȐ
ǺȊȖȍȑ țȌȖȉȘȐȚ ȞȊȍȚȣ — ȞȊȍȚȣ ȊȍȕȟȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȚȈȓȈȕȚȈ
— Ǫ ȏȕȖȑȕȣȍ ȌȕȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȘȈșȗȓȈȊȐȚ ȚȊȖȐ ȉțȌȕȐ Ȑ ȉțȌȍȚ ȕȍȡȈȌȕȖ ȗȈ-
ȓȐȚȤ Ǻȣ ȡȍȌȘȖ ȗȖȓȐȊȈȑ ȞȊȍȚȣ Ȑȏ ȘțȉȐȕȖȊȣȝ ȟȈȠ șȍȘȌȞȈ ǷȖȓȐȊȈȑ — ȞȊȍȚȣ —
ȧȘȟȍ ȏȈȗȣȓȈȦȚ ǭșȓȐ ȟȈȠȐ șȍȘȌȞȈ ȖȗțșȚȖȠȐȠȤ ȌȖ ȌȕȈ ȉȖȓȤ Ȑ ȚȖșȒȈ ȗȖȒȐȕțȚ
Ǻȍȉȧ ȖșȚȈȊȐȊ ȉȍȏȌțȠȕȣȍ ȖȚȘȈȎȍȕȤȧ șȊȖȐ Ȋ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȈȝ ȘțȉȐȕȖȊȣȝ ȋȘȈȕȍȑ
ǶȉȍȏȉȖȓȍȕȕȣȑ Ǻȣ ȎȍșȚȖȒȖ-ȚȈȓȈȕȚȓȐȊȣȑ ȉțȌȍȠȤ șȚȘȖȐȚȤ ȋȈȘȍȔȣ șȓȖȊ — ȗȓȍ-
ȕȧȚȤ ȔȣșȓȐ Ȑ șȍȘȌȞȈ
ǺȊȖȑ ȗțȚȤ ȊȣȔȖȡȍȕ ȧȘȟȈȑȠȐȔȐ șȍȘȌȞȈȔȐ
ǵȈ ȒȘȣȓȤȧȝ ȔȣșȓȐ Ǻȣ ȊȖȏȕȍșȍȠȤșȧ ȕȈ ȓȖȕȖ ǩȍșșȔȍȘȚȐȧ
ǵȍȚȓȍȕȕȈȧ șȓȈȊȈ ȊȖșȓȍȌ Țȍȉȧ ȏȈȗȣȓȈȍȚ — ȋȖȘȍȚȤ ȏȌȍșȤ ȕȈ ǯȍȔȓȍ
ǯȍȔȓȧ ȉȣȓȈ ȚȊȖȍȑ ȒȖȓȣȉȍȓȤȦ
ǯȍȔȓȧ Ȑ ȉȘȖȌȧȋȐ-ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȐ ȘȈșȚȖȟȈȓȐ ȗȍȘȍȌ ǺȖȉȖȑ șțȍȚȕȖ șȊȖȍ ȕȐȟȚȖȎȍșȚ-
ȊȖ ǯȍȔȓȧ ȉȣȓȈ ȚȊȖȐȔ ȒȓȦȟȖȔ
ǯȍȔȓȧ ȗȖȒȖȘȕȖ-ȊȖșȚȖȘȎȍȕȕȖ ȘȈșșȚȐȓȈȓȈșȤ ȗȘȍȌ ǺȖȉȖȑ Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ǻȣ ȧȊȐȓ
șȊȖȑ ǫȍȕȐȑ ȖȕȈ ȘȈșȗȘȖșȚȍȘȚȈȧ șȚȈȓȈ ȊșȓțȠȐȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ǺȊȖȐ ǹȓȖȊȈ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȊ
ȟȈșȣ Ȑ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȑȕȣȍ șȍȘȌȞȈ-ȔȖȓȖȚȣ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȊ
ǯȍȔȓȧ ȗȖȒȖȘȕȖ șȋȖȘȉȐȓȈșȤ — șȒȖȘȟȐȊ șȍȘȌȞȈ Ȑȝ — ȕȐȏȊȍȘȋȕțȚȣȝ Ȋ ǩȣȚȐȍ
șțȍȚȐȚșȧ ȟȚȖȉȣ Ǻȣ — ǫȍȕȐȑ DzȖșȔȖșȈ ȊșȚțȗȐȓ ȕȈ ȍȍ ȋȖȘȉ ǴȖȕȉȓȈȕȕȣȑ Ȑ ȖȘ-
ȓȐȕȖ ȖȋȓȧȌȍȓ ǹȖȓȕȞȍ ȟȚȖȉȣ Ǻȣ ȟȘȍȏ ȕȍȍ — ǯȍȔȓȦ ș ȒȖȓȗȈȒȖȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȚȊȖȔ
ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȋ ǵȐȟȚȖ DzȖșȔȖșȈ —
ǯȍȔȓȧ ǺȊȖȑ ȔȖșȚ
ǹȖȓȕȞȍ ȖșȊȍȡȈȍȚ ȔȖșȚ
ǷȖ ȕȖȟȈȔ ǯȊȍȏȌȣ ȘȈșȞȊȍȚȈȦȚ Ȋ șȈȌȈȝ ȕȍȉȍș
Ǻȣ țȓȣȉȈȍȠȤșȧ DzȚȖ ǺȖȚ ǸȍȉȍȕȖȒ ǵȍȊȐȕȕȣȑ ȌȈȘțȦȡȐȑ Ǻȍȉȍ ȓțȟȐ Țȍȉȍ ȓț-
ȟț ǩȍșșȔȍȘȚȕȖȔț
Ǻȣ țȓȣȉȈȍȠȤșȧ Ȑ țȓȣȉȒȈ ǺȊȖȧ ȖșȚȈȕȍȚșȧ ȏȌȍșȤ — ȕȈ ǯȍȔȓȍ — Ȋ ǴȈȘȚȍ ȟȈ-
ȘȖȊȈȚȤ ȖșȍȕȕȐȒȖȊ Ȑȝ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȤȍȔ ȖȚȔȍȟȍȕȕȣȝ ǺȖȋȖ DzȖȚȖȘȣȑ Țȍȉȍ — ȗȘȖȝȖ-
ȌȧȡȍȔț ȔȐȔȖ ȌȍȚșȒȖȑ ȘțȟȖȕȒȖȑ șȍȍȚ Ȋ șȈȌȈȝ ȕȍȉȍș șȍȔȍȕȈ ȓțȟȐșȚȣȍ?!.
ǯȍȔȓȧ ǺȊȖȑ ȔȖșȚ ȔȖșȚ ȕȈ ȚȘȍȝ ȒȐȚȈȝ ȗȖȒȖȘȕȣȝ ǯȍȔȓȍ ȒȈȒ ȖȕȈ Ǻȍȉȍ ǻȊȣ —
Ǻȣ ȍȍ ȘȈȉȣȕȦ ȗȖȒȐȕțȓ ǭȑ ȉȖȓȤȕȖ Ȑ ȎțȚȒȖ — ȌȈȊȧȚ ȍȍ șȚțȗȈȧ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȐ ȗȖȒȈ
ȖȕȈ ȕȍ ȋȓȖȚȈȍȚ Ȑȝ ȏȍȊȒȈȔȐ ȔȖȋȐȓ —
ǯȍȔȓȧ ȏȍȊȈȍȚ — ȐȉȖ Ȋșȍ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȕȖ ȐȉȖ Ȋșȍ ȏȈȔȒȕțȚȖ Ȋ ȒȘțȋȐ șțȍȚȕȣȍ
ǯȍȔȓȧ Ȋ ȕȍȌȘȈȝ ȚȈȐȓȈ Ǻȍȉȧ — ȓȍȗȚț DzȖșȔȖșȈ
ǴȈȚȤ ǺȊȖȧ Ȋ ȔȓȍȟȕȖȔ ȗțȚȐ ȊȍȒȖȊ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȧȡȐȝ ȔȐȘȐȈȌȣ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȊ ȊȉȐȘȈȓȈ
Ȋ șȍȉȧ ȗȖȋȓȖȡȈȓȈ Ȋșȍ ȚȊȖȘȟȍșȒȐȍ șȖȒȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȊ ȗȖȝȐȡȈȓȈ ȕȈșȓȍȌȐȧ ȐȏȉȘȈȕ-
ȕȣȝ — ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȝ Ȑȏ ǸȖȌȈ — ǫȍȕȐȍȊ ȘȖȌȈ
Ǻȍȉȍ ǭȌȐȕȖȔț ȏȈȟȈȚȖȔț Ȋ ȕȍȌȘȈȝ țȚȘȖȉȕȣȝ ǯȍȔȓȧ șȓțȎȐȓȈ ȘȈȉșȒȐ-ȔȈȚȍȘȐȕ-
șȒȐǺȍȉȧ ǭȌȐȕȖȋȖ ȘȈȌȐ ǯȍȔȓȧ ȗȖȝȐȡȈȓȈ șȖȒȘȖȊȐȡȈ ț șȔȍȘȚȕȐȒȖȊ ȕȈ ȍȍ ȗȖȊȍȘȝ-

38
ȕȖșȚȤ ȐȏȋȕȈȕȕȣȝ ȏȈ ȗȓȖȌ ȏȈȗȘȍȚȕȣȑ.
Ǻȍȉȍ ǭȌȐȕȖȔț ǯȍȔȓȧ șȖȝȘȈȕȐȓȈ ȕȍȚȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȓȖȌ.
ȇȉȓȖȒȖ ȐșȒțșȈȕȕȖȍ ȖȉȋȘȣȏȈȕȕȖȍ ȏȈȉȘȣȏȋȈȕȕȖȍ ȔȖȏȋȈȔȐ ȐȏȔȈȏȈȕȕȖȍ ȒȘȖ-
ȊȤȦ ȏȈȗȓȍșȕȍȊȍȓȖȍ Ȑ ȖȒȈȔȍȕȍȓȖȍ ǯȍȔȓȧ ȚȈȐȓȈ ȏȈȘȣȚȖȍ Ȋ ȟȍȘȍȗȈȝ ȖȗțșȚȖȠȍȕ-
ȕȣȝ șȔȍȘȚȤȦ Ȑ ȟȍȘȊȧȔȐ — Ȋ ȟȍȘȍȗȈȝ ȌȖșȚȖȑȕȣȝ — ǫȍȕȐȍȊ ǸȖȌȈ ȉȍșșȔȍȘȚȕȐ-
ȒȖȊ — țȊȣ — ț șȔȍȘȚȕȣȝ
Ǻȍȉȍ ǯȍȔȓȧ șȖȝȘȈȕȐȓȈ ȧȉȓȖȒȖ
Ǻȣ țȓȣȉȈȍȠȤșȧ — ȒȚȖ ȚȈ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȧȡȍȔț ȔȐȔȖ ȌȈȘțȍȚ ȗȓȖȌ ȖȚ ȌȘȍȊȈ ȐȏȢȍ-
ȌȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȟȍȘȊȧȔȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȊ Ȋ ȔȐȓȐȖȕȕȖșȚȧȝ ȓȍȚ" ǬȘȍȊȈ ȌȘȧȝȓȖȋȖ Ȑ ȉȍșȗȓȖȌ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȌȕȍșȤ" ǶȚ ȌȘȍȊȈ ȗȖȏȕȈȕȐȧ ǬȖȉȘȈ Ȑ ǯȓȈ ȒȚȖ ȌȈȘțȍȚ ȇȉȓȖȒȖ șȖȘȊȈȊȠȍȔț ȖȚ
ǬȘȍȊȈ ȗȖȏȕȈȕȐȧ ǩȣȚȐȧ Ȑ ǵȐȟȚȖ" Ǻȣ țȓȣȉȈȍȠȤșȧ Ȑ țȓȣȉȒȈ ǺȊȖȧ ȖșȚȈȕȍȚșȧ
ȏȌȍșȤ — ȕȈ ǯȍȔȓȍ — Ȋ ǴȈȘȚȍ ȟȈȘȖȊȈȚȤ ȖșȍȕȕȐȒȖȊ.
ǯȍȔȓȧ ȌȖȐȓȈ ǹȖȓȕȞȍ Ȍȓȧ Ǻȍȉȧ-ǭȌȐȕȖȋȖ ȊȍșȕȈȔȐ ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȣȔȐ țȋȖȚȖȊȐȚȤ
ǺȊȖȑ ȗțȚȤ
ǵȖ Ǻȣ ǫȍȕȐȑ DzȖșȔȖșȈ-ȔȈȚȤ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓ ȘȈȉȣȕȦ ȎȍșȚȖȒȖ ȖȉȍȏȘȈȉȐȓ
ǺȈȒ ǫȍȕȐȑ DzȖșȔȖșȈ — ȓȍȗȚȈ ǯȍȔȓȐ ȗȘȖȑȌȍȚ ȔȐȔȖ ǯȍȔȓȧ ȊȏȌȖȝȕȍȚ ȗȘȖ-
ȡȈȓȤȕȖ Ȑ Ȋ ȔȖȋȐȓț ȊȏȌȖȝȈ ȒȈȒ ȗȍșȟȐȕȒȐ ȗȘȖșȣȗȓȦȚșȧ Ȋșȍ ȓȦȌȐ Ȑ Ȋșȧ ȚȊȈȘȤ
ȏȍȔȕȈȧ
ǯȈȔȐȋȈȍȚ ǯȍȔȓȧ ȏȍȊȕȍȚ ȗțșȚȣȕȕȖ Ȑ ȏȈȒȘȖȦȚșȧ ȍȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ — ǮȐȏȕȤ
ǮȍșȚȖȒȐȑ ǴȈȓȤȟȐȒ
DzȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȊȣȓȍȗȐȓ Ȑȏ ȋȓȐȕȣ
ǹȓȖȊȖ-ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȐȉȖ ȚȡȍșȓȈȊȐȍ ǭȋȖ ȕȍ țȔȍȡȈȓȖșȤ Ȋ ǯȍȘȒȈȓȈȝ DzȖșȔȖșȈ
DzȖȚȖȘȣȑ șȖȏȌȈȓ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȘȈȌȐ ȊȓȈșȚȐ șȈȔȖțȗȖȍȕȐȧ — ȘȈȌȐ șȓȈȊȣ șȊȖȍȧ
DzȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȕȍȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌȕȖ ©ȗȖ ȖȉȘȈȏț Ȑ ȗȖȌȖȉȐȦ șȊȖȍȔțª șȖȚȊȖȘȐȓ Ȑȏ ȋȓȐȕȣ
Ȑ Ȋ ȋȓȐȕȧȕȣȑ șȖșțȌ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȐȓ Ǭțȝ
DzȖȚȖȘȣȑ — ȏȈȗȘȍȚȐȓ
DzȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȓ ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ǯȍȔȓȍȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȚȊȖȔ ȕȈ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȍ ȔțȒȐ țȔ-
ȕȖȎȐȓ ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ Ȋ ȔȐȘȐȈȌȣ ȕȍȡȈȌȕȖ ȋȕȈȓ ȓȍȋȐȖȕȣ ȖȚ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȟȘȍȏ ȊȍȒȈ — ȔȐȓ-
ȓȐȖȕȖșȚȐ ȓȍȚ ȖȉȔȈȕȣȊȈȧ, ǹȔȍȘȚȤȦ Ȑ ǸȖȎȌȍȕȐȍȔ ȟȘȍȏ ǹȔȍȘȚȤ ȟȘȍȏ ȊȍȒȈ ȋȕȈȓ
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȖȉȘȍȟȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȕȈ ȔȕȖȎȍșȚȊȖ
DzȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȐșȗȣȓȐȓ ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ Ȋ ǿȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȚȊȖ ȕȈ ȟȈșȚȐ șȒȘȣȚȣȍ ȌȘțȋ ȖȚ ȌȘț-
ȋȈ DzȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȕȈțȟȐȓ ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ șȓȖȊȈȔ ȊȔȍșȚȖ ǹȓȖȊȈ — ȕȈțȟȐȓ ȌțȔȈȚȤ Ȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ
șȓȖȊȈȔȐ ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ
ǮȍșȚȖȒȐȑ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒ ȖȉȝȖȌȧ șȊȖȐ ȊȓȈȌȍȕȐȧ-ȔȐȘȣ ȊșȚțȗȐȚ ȕȈ ǯȍȔȓȦ țșȕțȊ-
ȠțȦ
ǹȖȓȕȞȍ Ȑ ȏȊȍȏȌȣ ȉțȌțȚ șȊȍȚȐȚȤ — ǭȔț ȗȘȖȝȖȌȧȡȍȔț ȔȐȔȖ ȔȍȘȚȊțȦ ȔȖȋȐȓț
ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ-ǯȍȔȓȦ — țȔȍȘȚȊȐȊȠȍȋȖ ȔȍȘȚȊȍȞȈ —
ǴȍȘȚȊțȦ ȔȖȋȐȓț ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȓ ȎȍșȚȖȒȐȑ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒ ȚȊȖȘȧ Ȑȏ ǵȐȟȚȖ ȔȐ-
Șȣ ȚȊȖȘȧ Ȑȏ ȔȐȘȖȊ — ǵȐȟȚȖ
ǹȖȓȕȞȍ ȔȐȋȈȓȖ ǵȖȟȤȦ ȏȊȍȏȌȣ șȗțșȒȈȓȐșȤ — șȊȍȚȐȚȤ
Ƕȕ ȉȓțȎȌȈȓ ȖȌȐȕȖȒȐȑ ȊșȗȖȔȐȕȈȧ ȋȓȐȕȧȕțȦ ȊȣȌțȔȒț șȊȖȦ — ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ
ǪȌȘțȋ ȔȓȈȌȍȕȍȞ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ǯȊȍȏȌȣ — ȉȣȓȈ ȕȖȟȤ — ȚȖȘȖȗȓȐȊȖ șȗțșȚȐȓȐșȤ

39
ȕȐȎȍ
ǴȓȈȌȍȕȍȞ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȕȖȟȐ Ȑ ǹȖȓȕȞȍ ȗȘȖȋȕȈȓȖ ȏȊȍȏȌȣ
Ƕȕ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȒȘȈȦ ǯȍȔȓȐ — ȔȍȘȚȊȖȑ ȔȖȋȐȓȣ ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ. ǻ ȕȖȋ ǭȋȖ ȊȈ-
ȓȧȓȖșȤ ȕȍȚȓȍȕȕȖȍ ȇȉȓȖȒȖ ǰșȒțșȈȕȕȖȍ ȖȉȋȘȣȏȈȕȕȖȍ ȏȈȉȘȣȏȋȈȕȕȖȍ ȔȖȏȋȈȔȐ
ȐȏȔȈȏȈȕȕȖȍ ȒȘȖȊȤȦ ȏȈȗȣȓȍȕȕȖȍ ȏȈȗȓȍșȕȍȊȍȓȖȍ Ȑ ȖȒȈȔȍȕȍȓȖȍ ȇȉȓȖȒȖ ȊȈȓȧ-
ȓȖșȤ ȕȍȕțȎȕȣȔ ȏȈȉȣȚȣȔ ȕȈ ȒȘȈȦ ǯȍȔȓȐ — ȕȣȕȍ ț ȕȖȋ ǴȓȈȌȍȕȞȈ
ǺȡȍȚȕȖ ȕȍȒȖȋȌȈ ȔȈȚȤ-ǯȍȔȓȧ ȔȖȓȐȓȈ ǹȣȕȈ — ȓȍȗȚț șȊȖȦ ȊȏȧȚȤ ǬȈȘ Ȑȏ ȕȍȌȘ
ȟȘȍȊȈ — ǸȈȑșȒȐȑ ǷȓȖȌ ǷȓȖȌ ȒȈȚȐȓșȧ ȌȖ ȒȘȈȧ ǯȍȔȓȐ ȗȖ șȚȖȗȈȔ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȧȡȍȋȖ
ȔȐȔȖ
ǴȓȈȌȍȕȍȞ ȕȈȋȕțȓșȧ ȗȖȌȕȧȚȤ ǷȓȖȌǪȌȘțȋ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ șȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȇȉȓȖȒȖ Ȑȏ-ȗȖȌ ȘțȒ
ǭȋȖ Ȑ ȖȚȉȘȖșȐȓ Ȓ ǹȖȓȕȞț
ǯȓȖȊȍȡȍ-ȊȒȘȈȌȟȐȊȖ ȊȣȗȖȓȏȓȐ ǹțȔȍȘȒȐ
ǴȓȈȌȍȕȍȞ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȕȍȚ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ Ȋȕȍ ǭȋȖ ȕȐ ȖȚ ǵȍȋȖ ȕȖ ȊȌȘțȋ ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ Ȗȋȓȧ-
ȕțȓșȧ
DzȖȊȈȘȕȣȑ ǹȖȕ șȝȊȈȚȐȓ ǴȓȈȌȍȕȞȈ Ȑ ȊȣȘȊȈȓ ǭȋȖ ©ȝȖȟțª ǹȖȕ ȉȣȓ ȘȈȉ ǺȖȋȖ
DzȖȚȖȘȣȑ ǷȓȖȌ ȖȚȉȘȖșȐȓ Ȓ ǹȖȓȕȞț
ǴȓȈȌȍȕȞȈ ȏȈȗțȚȈȓȐ ȓȐȗȒȐȍ ȗțȚȣ ǹȕȈ —
ǰ ǪȓȈșȚȍȓȐȕ țȊȓȍȒ ǴȓȈȌȍȕȞȈ ǩȖȋȈ Ȋ ȕȍȌȘȈ ǯȍȔȓȐ-ȔȍȘȚȊȖȑ ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ —
ǰ ǬȘțȋȖȑ ȗȖȝȐȚȐȊȠȐȑ ǩȖȋȈ — ȉȣȓ ǫȍȕȐȑ DzȖșȔȖșȈ dzȍȗȚȈ-ǪȖȏȔȍȏȌȤȍ ǯȍȔ-
ȓȐ —
Ǫ ȕȍȌȘȈȝ țȚȘȖȉȕȣȝ șȘȍȌȐ ȔȐȘȐȈȌȖȊ ȖȗțșȚȖȠȍȕȕȣȝ ȟȍȘȍȗȖȊ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓ ǫȍ-
ȕȐȑ ȗȓȍȕȍȕȕȖȋȖ ǩȖȋȈ —
ǰ ǹȖȕ — ȊȍȘȕȣȑ ǸȈȉ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ ș ǴȓȈȌȍȕȞȍȔ — șȚȘȈȎȕȐȟȈȚȤ —
Ǫ țȋȈȘȕȣȝ ȓȈȉȐȘȐȕȚȈȝ ǹȕȈ Ȋ ȒȖȠȔȈȘȕȖȑ ȚȐȕȍ ǯȍȘȒȈȓ ȚȖȔȐȓșȧ ǴȓȈȌȍȕȍȞ
ǹȖȏȌȈȚȍȓȤ DzȖșȔȖșȈ
ǯȍȘȒȈȓȈ ȊȉȐȘȈȓȐ Ȋ șȊȖȐ ȖȔțȚȣ ǭȋȖ
Ǫ ȖȌȕȖȔ ǯȍȘȒȈȓȍ Ƕȕ-ǺȐȚȈȕ ȗȘȖȕȖșȐȓ ȟȘȍȏ ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȕȖșȚȐ ȓȍȚ ȔȐȘȐȈȌȣ șȍȘ-
ȌȍȞ ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ-ǿȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȚȊȈ —
Ǩ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ Ƞȍȓ ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȑȏ ȋȓȐȕȣ ȕȍșțȡȐȑ ȉȍȏȏȈȉȖȚȕȖ DzȘȍșȚ ȕȈ ǫȖȓȋȖȜț.
ǰ ȖȚȘȈȎȍȕȕȣȑ Ȋ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȍ ǩȖȋ-ǺȐȚȈȕ ȐșȚȍȒȈȦȡȐȑ ȒȘȖȊȤȦ ȘȈȏȘȣȊȈȧ Ȗȉ ȖșȚ-
Șȣȍ ȒȈȔȍȕȤȧ șȍȘȌȞȈ ȗȖȋȘțȎȈȓșȧ ȗȖȌ ȚȧȎȍșȚȤȦ Ȑȝ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ Ȋ ǯȍȔȓȦ Ȑ ȊȕȖȊȤ
ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓșȧ Ȋ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȝ ȔțȒȈȝ Ȋșȍ șȍȘȌȞȈ șȎȐȔȈȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȒȖȘȟȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȉȍȏȣș-
ȝȖȌȕȖȑ ǺȖșȒȍ Ȑ ǩȖȓȐ
ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȉȍȏȏȈȉȖȚȕȖ ȕȍșțȡȐȑ DzȘȍșȚ ȕȈ ǫȖȓȋȖȜț ȗȖȘȈȊȕȧȓșȧ ș ǵȐȔ ȒȖȋȌȈ
ǴȓȈȌȍȕȍȞ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ Ȋ ȌȘțȋȖȍ ǯȍȘȒȈȓȖ
ǯȍȘȒȈȓȈ ȊȉȐȘȈȓȐ Ȋ ȟȈȌȕȣȍ ȖȔțȚȣ ǭȋȖ
ǶȚȘȈȎȍȕȕȣȑ ǩȖȋ ȉȣȓ țȊȍȕȟȈȕ ȏȔȍȐȕȣȔ ȊȍȕȞȖȔ ǯȔȍȐ ȎȈȓȐȓȐ ȋȓȈȏȈ ǭȋȖ
ȊȓȍȏȈȓȐ ȗȖȌ ȟȍȘȍȗ Ȑ șȒȖȓȤȏȐȓȐ ȗȖ șȒȓȈȌȒȈȔ ȔȖȏȋȈ ȖȚȘȈȊȓȧȧ ǭȋȖ ǷȖȌ ȟȍȘȍ-
ȗȖȔ ȒȐȠȍȓȐ ȏȔȍȐ ǴȖȏȋ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȚȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȘȈșȗȓȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȔȍȚȈȓȓ ǯȔȍȐ
ȐȏȢȧȏȊȐȓȐ ȧȏȣȒ Ȑ ȋȓȈȏȈ ǭȋȖ ȐșȚȖȟȐȓȐ ȔȖȏȋ ǭȋȖ ȉȍȏȌȕȈȔȐ ȉȍȏțȔȐȑ
Ƕȕ-ǺȐȚȈȕ ȗȘȖȕȖșȐȓ ȟȘȍȏ ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȕȖșȚȐ ȓȍȚ ȔȐȘȐȈȌȣ ȉȍȏȣșȝȖȌȕȣȝ Ȋ Țȡȍ-
Țȍ Ȕȣșȓȍȑ
Ǩ ȘȧȌȖȔ Ƞȍȓ ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȑȏ ȋȓȐȕȣ ȕȍșțȡȐȑ ȉȍșȗȍȟȕȖ ȒȘȍșȚ ȕȈ ǫȖȓȋȖȜț
ǴȓȈȌȍȕȍȞ ȐȏȢȧȏȊȓȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȕȈ ȟȍȓȍ ȍȋȖ ȊȍȕȍȞ Ȑȏ ȚȍȘȕȐȑ Ǩȓȣȍ
ȒȈȗȓȐ ȒȘȖȊȐ șȚȍȒȈȓȐ ȗȖ ȓȐȞț ȖȏȈȘȍȕȕȖȔț ȞȍȓȖȔțȌȘȍȕȕȖȑ țȓȣȉȒȖȑ

ǯȍȘȒȈȓȈ ȊȉȐȘȈȓȐ Ȋ ȟȈȌȕȣȍ ȖȔțȚȣ ǭȋȖ
Ǫ ȚȘȍȚȤȍȔ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȍ ǴȓȈȌȍȕȍȞ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȐȉȖ ȉȣȓ ȏȈȘȣȚ Ȋ șțȍȚȍ ȒȖ-
ȔȤȧ ȏȍȔȓȐ ȏȈșȣȗȈȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȧȏȊȣ
Ƕȕ țȔȐȘȈȓ
ǹȔȍȘȚȤ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ țȉȐȊȈȓȐ șȍȘȌȞȈ ȏȈȘȣȚȣȍ ș ȕȐȔ
ǹȍȘȌȞȈ țȔȐȘȈȓȐ ȖȌȕȖ ȏȈ ȌȘțȋȐȔ ȏȈȊȍȡȈȧ șȔȍȘȚȤ ȍȡȍ ȎȐȊȣȔ
ǸȈȏȓȈȋȈȓȐșȤ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȍ șȍȘȌȞȈ
ǿȍȘȊȐ ȠțȘȠȈ — șȖ Ȋșȍȑ ȏȍȔȓȐ șȗȖȓȏȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȕȣȑ ȗȐȘ
ǹȍȘȌȞȈ ȌȖȎȐȊȈȓȐ. —
ǹȚțȟȈȓȐ țșȚȈȓȖ ȊȖ Ȋșȍ ȌȊȍȘȐ ǹȔȍȘȚȐ ǰ Ȑȝ ȚȖȟȐȓȐ ȟȍȘȊȐ ǹȢȍȌȈȓȐ ȖșȚȈ-
ȕȈȊȓȐȊȈȓȐ șȍȘȌȞȈ ȟȍȘȊȐ
Ǫ ȚȘȍȚȤȍȔ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȍ ȖȚȘȈȎȍȕȕȣȑ ǩȖȋ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȐȉȖ ȉȣȓ ȏȈȘȣȚ Ȋ șțȍ-
Țȍ DzȖȔȤȧ ȏȍȔȓȐ ȖșȣȗȈȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȧȏȊȣ
Ǩ ȕȈȌ ǵȐȔ — Ƕȕ ȏȕȈȓ Ȑ ȊȐȌȍȓ șȒȊȖȏȤ ǹȔȍȘȚȤ — ȕȈ ȒȘȍșȚȍ ǸȈșȗȧȚȣȑ ǿȍȓȖ-
ȊȍȒ — ȊȖșȒȘȍșȈȓ — ȟȘȍȏ ǹȔȍȘȚȤ ȊȖșȝȖȌȧ Ȋ ǩȍșșȔȍȘȚȐȍ
ǺȈȒ ȚȖȔȐȓșȧ ȔȓȈȌȍȕȍȞ ȏȈȘȣȚȣȑ ǫȍȕȐȍȔ Ȋ ȕȍȌȘȈ ȔȍȘȚȊȖȑ ȔȖȋȐȓȣ ȟȍȓȖȊȍ-
ȒȈ-ȏȍȔȓȐ —
ǺȖȔȐȓșȧ ǴȓȈȌȍȕȍȞ ȖȗțȚȈȕȕȣȑ șȕȖȔ șȘȍȌȐ ȔȐȘȐȈȌȖȊ ȘȈȏȉȐȚȣȝ ȟȍȘȍȗȖȊ
ǵȈȗȘȈșȕȖȋȖ ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ
ǩȖȋ ȖȚȘȈȎȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȒȖȠȔȈȘȕȣȝ ȖȔțȚȈȝ ȏȍȘȒȈȓ
ǩȖȋ ȖșȐȘȖȚȍȊȠȐȑ ȉȓțȎȌȈȓ Ȋ ȎȍșȚȖȒȖ-ȎțȚȒȐȝ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȈȝ ȐȏȋȕȈȕȕȣȑ Ȑȏ ǵȐ-
ȟȚȖǫȍȕȐȑ DzȖșȔȖșȈ Ȑȏ șȗȧȡȍȋȖ ǩȖȋȈ șȖȚȊȖȘȐȚ ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ șțȡȍȋȖ Ȋ ȖȚȘȈȎȍȕȤȧȝ —
ǹȖȚȊȖȘȐȚ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ Ȋȕȍ ȖȉȘȈȏȈ Ȑ ȗȖȌȖȉȐȧ —
ǰȉȖ —
©ǶȒȖ ȏȈ ȖȒȖ —
— ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȏȈ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ
Ǫ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȍ Ȑȏ șȗȧȡȍȋȖ ǩȖȋȈ ǫȍȕȐȑ ǬțȝȖȔ ǯȈȋȈșȐȚ ǩȖȋȈ.
ǰ ǵȐȟȚȖ ȗȖȉȍȌȕȖ ȏȈȋȈșȐȚ Ȑ șȊȍȚ Ȑ Ȕȋȓț
ǷȖȚțȝȕțȊȠȐȑ ǩȖȋ ȕȍ șȚȘȖȕȍȚ ǵȐȟȚȖ
ǰ ȕȐȒȚȖ șțȍȚȖȑ DzȖșȔȖșȈ ȕȍ șȚȘȖȕȍȚ ǵȐȟȚȖ

ǻǮ ǹdzǿȀǻǶȄdz

ǷȖ ȌȓȐȕȕȖȑ ȌȓȐȕȕȖȑ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȍ — ȘȈșȠȈȚȈȕȕȖȑ ȌȍȘȍȊȧȕȕȖȑ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓșȧ
ȕȈ ȟȍȘȌȈȒ ǿȍȘȕȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ
ǹȔȍȠȕȖȑ Ȑ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȑ ȉȣȓ ȥȚȖȚ ǿȍȘȕȣȑ ȌȖȔ ȉȍȏ ȖȒȖȕ ȉȍȏ ȌȊȍȘȍȑ șȚȍȕȣ
ȗȖȒȘȣȚȣ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȔ Ȑ ȘȣȎȐȔ ȔȝȈȔȐ ȒȖȑ-ȋȌȍ ȘȖșȓȐ ȒȈȘȓȐȒȖȊȣȍ șȖșȍȕȒȐ
ǷȖȌȕȐȔȈȓșȧ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ Ȑ ȌțȔȈȓ ȗȖȟȍȔț-ȚȖ
©ǷȖ Ȕȝț ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ, — ȗȖȓȏȈȦȚ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ ȔțȘȈȊȤȐ Ȉ ȗȖȌȖ ȔȝȖȔ ȉȓȍȌȕȖ-ȘȖ-
ȏȖȊȣȍ ȌȖȎȌȍȊȣȍ ȟȍȘȊȐ ȗȖȌȖ ȔȝȖȔ — Ȋ ȘȣȝȓȖȑ ȏȍȔȓȍª
dzȍșȚȕȐȞȈ ȠȈȚȈȓȈșȤ Ȑ șȒȘȐȗȍȓȐ ȌȖșȒȐ ǩȖȧȓșȧ țȗȈșȚȤ ȊȕȐȏ Ȑ ȘȈȏȉȐȚȤșȧ Ȗȉ
ȈșȜȈȓȤȚ
ǹȟȐȚȈȧ șȚțȗȍȕȐ ȕȈ ȚȘȐșȚȈ ȚȘȐȌȞȈȚȤ ȊȖșȤȔȖȑ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ Ȑ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȊȊȍȘȝ:
ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȈ ȊȣȘȖșȓȈ Ȑ ȌȖȔ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ȊȣȠȍ țȗȍȘșȧ Ȋ șȍȘțȦ Țțȟț.
©ǵȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȌȖȉȍȘțșȤ ȌȖ ȟȍȘȌȈȒȈª
ǷȖȌțȔȈȓ ȏȈȗȓȈȒȈȓ Ȑ șȓȍȏȣ șȚȈȓȐ ȗȈȌȈȚȤ ȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ
Ǫȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȊȕȐȏ Ȑ ȚȈȔ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȈșȜȈȓȤȚȈ — ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȚȈȔ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ — ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Țț-
ȔȈȕ ȚȈȒȖȑ Ȏȍ șȍȘȣȑ ȒȈȒ ȚțȟȈ
ǹȍȓ ȕȈ șȚțȗȍȕȤ ǶȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȔȖȒȘȈȧ ȋȘȧȏȕȈȧ Ȑ ȗȖ ȕȍȑ ȉȍȋȈȓȐ ȔțȘȈȊȤȐ
ǪȌȘțȋ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ: — ǹȕȐȏț Ȑȏ șȍȘȖȋȖ ȚțȔȈȕȈ ȊȣșȚțȗȈȓȐ Ȑ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓȐșȤ ȗȖ
șȚțȗȍȕȧȔ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȓȦȌȐ ǪȔȍșȚȖ ȖȌȍȎȌȣ Ȑȝ ȚȍȓȈ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȣ șȍȘȣȔȐ ȓȖȝ-
ȔȖȚȤȧȔȐ ǻ ȒȈȎȌȖȋȖ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ Ȋ ȗȘȈȊȖȑ ȘțȒȍ ȉȣȓ ȏȖȕȚȐȒ — ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȖȚ șȖȓȕ-
ȞȈ Ȉ Ȋ ȓȍȊȖȑ — ȊȖșȒȖȊȈȧ șȊȍȟȈ. ǹȊȍȟȐ ȗȣȓȈȓȐ Ȑ ȖșȊȍȡȈȓȐ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȍ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȏȈ-
ȗȓȍșȕȍȊȍȓȣȍ ȓȐȞȈ...
DzȖȋȌȈ ȓȦȌȐ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȓȐșȤ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȧ ȘȈșșȔȍȧȓșȧ ț ȕȐȝ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȖȒȐȝ ȊȗȈȌȐ-
ȕȈȝ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȋȓȈȏ Ȉ ȉȓȐșȚȈȓȐ ȘȈȏȕȖȞȊȍȚȕȣȍ ȒȘțȋȓȍȕȤȒȐȍ șȚȍȒȓȣȠȒȐ ȊȘȖȌȍ
ȔȖȕȖȒȓȍȑ
ǩȣȓȖ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȎțȚȒȖ Ȉ ȧ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ șȔȍȧȓșȧ șȔȍȧȓșȧ șȔȍȧȓșȧ ȕȖ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȉț-
ȌȐȓșȧ.

ǸǮǽǽǮ

44
ǹȘȍȌȐ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȒȊȈȘȚȈȓȖȊ ǺȖȒȐȖ, Ȕȕȍ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȓȦȉȐȓșȧ — ȒȊȈȘȚȈȓ ǺȘȈȕȈ-
ȔȖȕ — ǺȐȋȘȖȊȣȍ ȊȖȘȖȚȈ
Ǫ ȔȖȍȔ ȉțȔȈȎȕȖȔ ȗȈȊȐȓȤȖȕȍ ǴȈȞțȧ ȗȘȖȏȊȈȕȕȖȔ ȐȔȍȕȍȔ ǹȖșȕȣ ȗȖ Ȋȍȟȍ-
ȘȈȔ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȖ ȋțȓȒȖ Ȑ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȚȍȔ ȔȧȋȒȖ șȓȣȠȐȚșȧ ȖȚȌȈȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȠțȔ
ȋȘȖȝȖȟțȡȐȝ țȓȐȞ ǩȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȒȈȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖȚȍȒȈȍȚ ȔțȚȕȖ ȊȖȏȓȍ ȗȍȘȍțȓȒȈ ț
șȈȔȣȝ șȚȍȕ Ȑ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȕȣȍ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȣȍ șȚȘȖȍȕȐȧ șȔȧȋȟȈȦȚ ȠțȔ Ȑ ȗȘȐȌȈȦȚ ȍȔț
ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȌȈȎȍ Ȑ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȔȖȕȖȚȖȕȕțȦ ȔȍȓȖȌȐȟȕȖșȚȤ
ȇ ȘȈȏȌȊȐȋȈȦ șȚȍȕȣ ȊȣȝȖȌȧȡȐȍ Ȋ șȈȌ Ȑ ȗȖȓȕȖȞȊȍȚȕȣȍ ȊȍȚȊȐ ȗȘȍȌȈȗȘȍȓȍ-
ȊȖȑ ǹȈȒțȘȣ ȗȘȖȚȧȋȐȊȈȦȚșȧ Ȋ șȈȔțȦ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț Ȑ ȕȍȎȕȖ ȒȖȓȣȠțȚșȧ ȕȈȌ ȞȐȕȖȊ-
ȒȈȔȐ ȐȋȘȈȧ ȗȘȐȟțȌȓȐȊȖ-țȏȖȘȟȈȚȣȔȐ ȚȍȕȧȔȐ
ȅȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐȑ șȊȍȚ șȓȍȗȐȚ ȉȍȓȖ-ȘȖȏȖȊȣȍ ȓȍȗȍșȚȒȐ
ǰȏȘȍȌȒȈ ȕȈȉȍȋȈȍȚ ȋȖȊȖȘȓȐȊȣȑ ȊȍȚȍȘȖȒ Ȑ ȕȍȉȘȍȎȕȖ ȘȈșȒȈȟȐȊȈȍȚ ȓȍȗȍșȚȒȖ-
Ȋȣȍ ȊȍȚȒȐ
ǪȍȟȕȖ șȔȍȦȡȈȧșȧ ǭșȐ-șȈȕ ȔȖȧ șȓțȎȈȕȒȈ ȊȉȍȎȈȓȈ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ ȖȗțșȚȐ-
ȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȐ Ȑ ȕȐȏȒȐȔ ȗȖȒȓȖȕȖȔ ȐȏȊȍȡȈȍȚ Ȗ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȍ ǺȈȔȈȌȈȚȐ — ȔȖȍȋȖ ȌȘț-
ȋȈ DzȈȕȈȌȈ
ǰ ȧ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȣȑ ȉȍȋț ȕȈȊșȚȘȍȟț
DzȈȎȌȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ Ȑ ȗȖȌȖȓȋț ș ȕȍțșȚȈȕȕȣȔ ȊȖȖȌț-
ȠȍȊȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚ Ȗ șȊȖȍȑ ȌȘȍȊȕȍȑ ȇȔȈȚȖ Ȗ ȋȖȘȌȣȝ șȈȔțȘȈȑșȒȐȝ ȊȘȍ-
ȔȍȕȈȝ Ȗȉ țȚȘȈȟȍȕȕȖȔ ȉȣȓȖȔ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ DzȈȕȈȌȈ ȗȖȍȚ ȗȘȖȚȧȎȕȖ Ȑ țȋȘȦȔȖ ȕȈȋȈț-
ȚȈ — ȌȖȓȋȐȍ ȗȍșȕȐ Ȑ ȒȘȖȠȍȟȕȣȍ ȚȈȕȒȈ Ȑ ȝȈȑȒȈȑ ȊȖșȒȘȍȠȈȧ țȠȍȌȠȐȝ ș ȊȍȒȈȔȐ
ȔȈșȚȍȘȖȊ ȕȍȚȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ șȓȖȊȈ
Ǫ ȥȚȖȚ ȊȍȟȍȘ ț ȕȈș ȍșȚȤ ȖșȖȉȈȧ ȚȍȔȈ Ȗ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȔ ȌțȠȍȓȦȉȞȍ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȕȖȔ
DzȈȗȗȈ
ǹȘȍȌȐ ȔȖȐȝ șȚȈȘȐȕȕȣȝ ȓțȉȒȖȊ șȖȉȘȈȕȕȣȝ ț ȈȕȚȐȒȊȈȘȖȊ ȕȈ ǫȐȕȏȍ Ȑ Ȋ șȓț-
ȟȈȑȕȣȝ ȗȘȍȌȔȍșȚȕȣȝ ȓȈȊȟȖȕȒȈȝ ȍșȚȤ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȓțȉȖȒ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȈȦȡȐȑ DzȈȗ-
ȗȈ Ǵȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖȚ ȓțȉȖȒ șȌȍȓȈȕ ș ȖȌȕȖȑ Ȑȏ ȘȈȉȖȚ ȉȍșșȔȍȘȚȕȖȋȖ ǽȖȒț-
șȈȧǵȈ ȏȍȓȍȕȖȔ ȜȖȕȍ ȕȈ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȖȔ ȖȋțȘȞȍ ȝȐȡȕȣȔ ȗȖȉȍȌȐȚȍȓȍȔ ș ȖșȚȍȘȍȋȈȦ-
ȡȍȦșȧ ȎȈȌȕȖșȚȤȦ ȊȣȚȧȕțȓșȧ ȗȘȐȚȈȍȕȕȖ DzȈȗȗȈ
ȀȍȘȠȈȊȣȑ ȕȍȌȖȏȘȍȓȣȑ ȖȋțȘȍȞ ȘȈȏȉțȝȈȍȚ Ȋ ȊȖȌȍ
DzȖȘȧȊȣȑ ȚȘȍȕȕȈȎȐșȚȖ-ȉȖȘȖȌȈȊȟȈȚȣȑ șȓȐȏȐșȚȣȑ ȖȚȊȘȈȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ DzȈȗȗȈ
țȘȖȌȓȐȊȣȑ Ȑ ȋȈȌȕȍȑ Ȋșȍȝ ȋȈȌȖȊ ȒȖȠȔȈȘȕȍȑ șȈȔȖȑ ȖȚȊȐșȓȖȑ ȋȕȐȓȖșȚȕȖȑ ȜȈȕ-
ȚȈȏȐȐ ȉȍȏțȔȞȈ
ǵȈșȚȖȘȖȎȍȕȕȖ șȒȖȘȟȍȕȕȣȍ ȚȘȍȝȗȈȓȣȍ ȓȈȗȣ-ȊȍșȓȈ-ȗȓȈȊȕȐȒȐ ș ȖșȚȘȦȡȐ-
ȔȐ ȒȖȋȚȧȔȐ — ȒțȞȍ ȕȍȘȈȊȕȣȍ ȗȘȐȎȈȚȣȍ Ȓ ȎȈȉȤȍȋȖȓȖȔț șȓȧȒȖȚȕȖȔț ȉȘȦȝț
ǬȘȧȝȓȣȍ ȟȍȠțȑȟȈȚȣȍ șȒȓȈȌȒȐ-ȋȘȐȉȒȐ ȗȖȌ ȔȖȘȌȖȑ ȕȈ Ƞȍȍ
ȀȐȘȖȒȈȧ ȔȖȘȌȈ — ȓȐȒ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȐȑ ȗȖȓțȟȍȘȚȖȊ
ǪȣȗțȒȓȣȍ șȒțȓȣ ȚȖȘȟȈȡȐȍ ȗȖȌ șȈȔȣȔȐ ȎȐȘȕȣȔȐ țȠȈȔȐ
ǹȗȓȦșȕțȚȣȑ ȕȖș ș ȊȣȊȖȘȖȟȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȕȖȏȌȘȧȔȐ
ǷȈșȚȤ ȏȊȍȘȧ
ǮȈȌȕȖ Ȑ ȏȓȖ Ȋȣȗțȟȍȕȕȣȍ ȎȍȓȚȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȐȡȈ Ȋ ȘȈȔȒȈȝ ȖȒȘȍșȚȕȣȝ șȒȓȈȌȖȒ Ȑ
ȉȍȏȉȘȖȊȣȝ ȊȍȒ
ǵȈȌ țȠȈȔȐ ȕȈ ȓȉț Ȑ ț ȚȍȔȧ ȚȖȘȟȐȚ ȒȖȑ-ȋȌȍ ȐȋȓȐșȚȖ-ȘȍȌȒȈȧ ȟȍȘȕȈȧ Ȑ șȐȏȈȧ
ȡȍȚȐȕȈ ȊȖȓȖș

45
ǫȓȈȌȒȈȧ Ȑ ȖșȚȘȈȧ ȒȈȒ ț ȉȖȕȏ ȌȘȍȊȕȐȝ ȗȓȍȠȤ
ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ — ȟțȌȖȊȈ ȕȍȖȎȌȈȕȤ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȗȓȍȠȐ ȒȈȒ ȘțȟȒȈ — ȕȍ ȚȖ ȝȘȧȡ ȌțȋȖ-
ȊȐȌȕȣȑ ȗȘȐȒȘȍȗȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȖ ȉȖȒȈȔ Ȓ ȟȍȘȍȗȕȣȔ ȒȖșȚȧȔ ȕȍ ȚȖ ȒȖșȚȤ ȗȍȘȍȋȕțȚȈȧ
ǮȈȉȈ
ǶșȤȔȐȕȖȋ
ǪȈȔȗȐȘ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȕȣȑ
ǫȈȌ ȌȖȗȖȚȖȗȕȣȑ
DzȖȠȔȈȘȕȈȧ ȟțȌȤ
ǵȐ ș ȟȍȔ — ȕȐ șȘȈȊȕȧȚȤ
ǺȈȒ ȔȣșȓȐȚșȧ Ȕȕȍ — ȟțȎȍșȚȘȈȕȕȖȔț ȗȘȐȠȍȓȤȞț — ȊȣȔȣșȍȓ ȎȍȓȚȖȓȐȒȐȝ
ȌȘȍȊȕȍȞȖȊ
ǸȈșșȒȈȎȐȚȍ Ȏȍ DzȈȕȈȌȈ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ DzȈȗȗȈ
ǵȖ ȒȈȒ ȖȉȘȐșȖȊȈȚȤ ȘȈȏȕțȦ ȜȈȕȚȈȏȐȦ ȟțȎȍșȚȘȈȕȞț"
ǰ DzȈȕȈȌȈ ȗțȚȈȍȚșȧ ȕȈȗȘȧȋȈȍȚșȧ șȖșȘȍȌȖȚȖȟȐȚȤ ȊȣȝȊȈȚȣȊȈȧ șȓȖȊȈ Ȑ ȖȗȘȍ-
ȌȍȓȍȕȐȧ Ȑȏ șȓȖȊȈȘȧ ȗȈȔȧȚȐ
ǰȕȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȏȈȌȈȦ ȍȔț ȕȍȓȍȗȣȍ ȊȖȗȘȖșȣ ȖȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ Ȕȕȍ șȈȔȖȔț șȚȈȕȖȊȐȚșȧ
șȔȍȠȕȖ ȕȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȧ ȥȚȐȔ ȕȍȓȍȗȖșȚȧȔ țȌȈȍȚșȧ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȤ șȍȉȍ ȗȖȓ-
ȕȍȑ Ȑ ȖȚȟȍȚȓȐȊȍȑ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȕțȦ ȜȐȋțȘț ȟțȎȌȖȑ ȜȈȕȚȈȏȐȐ
©DzȈȒȖȋȖ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȈ DzȈȗȗȈª — șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȦ ȧ
ȅȚȖ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȕȍȓȍȗȖ ȒȈȒ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ ȕȍȓȍȗȣȔ DzȈȕȈȌȈ-șȈȕț ȏȈȌȈȚȤ Ȕȕȍ ȊȖȗȘȖș
©DzȈȒȖȋȖ ȘȖșȚȈ ȉȣȊȈȍȚ ȉțȒȈª — ȕȖ ȚȍȔ ȕȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ Ȗȕ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȍȚ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ ȉȣȚȤ
ȔȖȎȍȚ ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȏȈȌțȔȣȊȈȧșȤ ȕȈȌ ȥȚȐȔ ȊȖȗȘȖșȖȔ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȍȚ

46
— ǨȘȠȐȕ, ȗȖȓȚȖȘȈ ȌțȔȈȦ
ǰȏ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȖȊ DzȈȕȈȌȈ țȏȕȈȦ ȟȚȖ DzȈȗȗȈ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȚ șȔȍȘȚȐ — ȉȍșșȔȍȘȚȍȕ ǮȐ-
ȊȍȚ Ȗȕ ȖȌȐȕȖȟȒȖȑ Ȋ ȖȒȈȊȈ — ȉȖȓȤȠȐȝ ȘȍȒȈȝ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋȈȝ Ȋ ȏȈȚȖȕȈȝ dzȦȉȐȚ ȦȚȐȚȤ-
șȧ ȗȖȌ ȐȊȈȔȐ Ȋ Țȍȕȧȝ Ȑ ȚȐȠȐȕȍ
ǰșȟȈȌȤȍ ȚȤȔȣ DzȈȗȗȈ ȉȖȐȚșȧ șȖȓȕȞȈ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȓțȟȍȑ Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȊȘȣȊȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȗȍș-
ȒȐ ȌȖȕȕȣȍ ȋȓțȉȐȕ
ǶșȍȕȤȦ Ȗȕ ȊȌȘțȋ ȝȘȐȗȐȚ șȌȈȊȓȍȕȕȖ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȧ ȒȊȈȒȈȕȤȍ ȘȈȏȌțȚȖȑ ȎȈȉȣ
ǰȏȘȍȌȒȈ DzȈȗȗȈ ȊȣȗȖȓȏȈȍȚ Ȋ șțȔȍȘȒȈȝ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋ
ǵȍȚ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȋȖ ȗȓȈȊȈȦȡȍȋȖ ȐșȒțșȕȍȍ DzȈȗȗȣ Ǫ ȊȖȌȍ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖȊȖȘȕȍȑ Ȑ ȉȣșȚ-
Șȍȑ ȊșȧȒȖȑ Șȣȉȣ
ǬȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ Ȋ ȕȈȘȖȌȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȧ Ȗ ȓȖȊȒȐȝ ȗȓȖȊȞȈȝ șȘȈȊȕȐȊȈȦȚ ©ȗȓȈȊȈȍȚ ȒȈȒ
DzȈȗȗȈª
ǽȐȚȘȣȑ Ȑ ȏȓȖȑ DzȈȗȗȈ — șȚȘȈȠȕȣȑ ȝȐȡȕȐȒ ǷȘȖȎȖȘȓȐȊȣȑ Ȑ ȕȍȕȈșȣȚȕȣȑ
Ȗȕ ȗȐȚȈȍȚșȧ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȤȐȔȐ ȌțȠȈȔȐ
ǫȖȘȍ ȚȖȔț ȒțȗȈȓȤȡȐȒț DzȈȗȗȈ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȟȐȚȈȍȚ ȔțȎȟȐȕ
 ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȖȉȓȦȉțȍȚ
DzȈȗȗȈ — ȟțȌȐȡȍ ȗȖȝȐȚȐȚ ȍȋȖ ȌțȠț Ȑ șȖȎȘȍȚ ȍȍ ǶȉȍȏțȔȍȕȕȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȚȖȚ-
ȟȈș Ȏȍ ȕȈ ȊȖȌȍ ȐșȗțșȚȐȚ Ǭțȝ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȘțȗ ȒțȗȈȓȤȡȐȒȈ ȊȍȘȕȍȚ ȉȍ-
ȘȍȋȈȔ
ǿȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȑ Ǭțȝ — ȕȍȎȍȕ Ȑ ȔȧȋȖȒ ȒȈȒ Ȕȧȟ ȋțȚȚȈȗȍȘȟȍȊȣȑ — șȖȉȓȈȏȕȐ-

ȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȠȈȘȖȔ ȓȍȎȐȚ ȗȖȌ ȋȘțȌȤȦ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ Ȋ ȎȐȊȖȚȍ
Ǭțȝ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȑ — ȐȏȓȦȉȓȍȕȕȖȍ ȓȈȒȖȔșȚȊȖ DzȈȗȗȈ
ǵȖ ȗțȡȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȓȦȉȐȚ DzȈȗȗȈ ȖȋțȘȍȞ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȍȔț ȌȖȘȖȎȍ ȌȈȎȍ Ȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍ-
ȟȤȍȑ ȌțȠȐ
ǶȋțȘȍȞ — ȗȍȘȊȍȑȠȈȧ ȐȏȓȦȉȓȍȕȕȈȧ ȗȐȡȈ DzȈȗȗȈ
ǪȖȚ ȒȈȒ ȔȖȎȕȖ țȉȍȘȍȟȤ ȌțȠț ȗȘȐ ȊșȚȘȍȟȍ ș DzȈȗȗȖȑ
ǵȈȌȖ ȊȏȧȚȤ ȖȋțȘȍȞ Ȑ ȚțȠȤȦ ȟȍȚȒȖ ȕȈȗȐșȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȕȍȔ șȊȖȍ ȐȔȧ Ȑ ȉȘȖșȐȚȤ Ȗȋț-
ȘȍȞ ș ȕȈȟȍȘȚȈȕȐȍȔ ȐȔȍȕȕȣȔ Ȋ ȊȖȌț Ȍȓȧ DzȈȗȗȈ
ǰ șȔȍȓȖ ȗȖșȓȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȘȖșȐȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȊȖȌț, ȊȣȒțȗȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȘȍȒȍ ȊȖȏȓȍ șȈ-
ȔȖȋȖ DzȈȗȗȈ — ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ȖȚȊȓȍȟȍȕȕȖȍ ȖȋțȘȞȖȔ ȌȈȎȍ Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȒȖșȕȍȚșȧ ȒțȗȈȓȤ-
ȡȐȒȈ
ǺȈȒȖȊȈ ȗȘȐȟțȌȤ șȓȖȎȐȓȈșȤ ț ȌȍȚȍȑ șȚȘȈȕȣ ǪȖșȝȖȌȧȡȍȋȖ ǹȖȓȕȞȈ Ȗ DzȈȗȗȍ
ǰ ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ ȎȐȊȍȚ ȖȕȈ Ȑ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ Ȋ ȠțȚȒȈȝ Ȑ ȗȘȐȉȈțȚȒȈȝ
ǬȍȚȍȑ ȒȈȗȘȐȏȕȣȝ ȒȈȒ ©ȉțȒȖȑª ȗțȋȈȦȚ ©ȒȈȗȗȈª țȉȈȦȒȐȊȈȧ
ǭȡȍ ȗȘȐȟțȌȓȐȊȍȑ Ȑ șȚȘȈȠȕȍȑ șȚȈȓ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȓțȉȖȒ șȘȍȌȐ ȔȖȐȝ
șȚȈȘȐȕȕȣȝ ȓțȉȒȖȊ
ǼȈȕȚȈȏȐȧ ȟțȎȖȋȖ ȕȈȘȖȌȈ ȟȈȘȖȊȈȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ șȊȖȍȑ ȗȘȐȔȐȚȐȊȕȖșȚȤȦ ȕȈȗțȋȈȕ-
ȕȖșȚȤȦ Ȑ ȗȘȐȟțȌȓȐȊȖȦ ȕȍȖȎȌȈȕȤȦ
©ǶȋțȘȍȞ Ȑ ȌțȠȈª
ǷȘȍȌȖ ȔȕȖȑ Ȋșȍ ȍȡȍ ȧșȕȍȓ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȓțȉȖȒ ș ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȍȔ DzȈȗȗȈ
ǫȖȊȖȘȓȐȊȣȑ ȊȍȚȍȘȖȒ ȕȈȉȍȎȈȓ ȕȈ șȈȒțȘț Ȑ ȕȍȉȘȍȎȕȖ ȖȉȘȖȕȐȓ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ
ȓȍȗȍșȚȒȖȊ ȕȈ ȞȐȕȖȊȒț
ǶȌȐȕ ȓȍȗȍșȚȖȒ țȗȈȓ ȕȈ ȓțȉȖȒ ȠȈȓȖȊȓȐȊȖ ȗȘȐȒȘȣȓ șȖȉȖȑ țȘȖȌȓȐȊȣȑ ȓȐȒ
ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȈ DzȈȗȗȈ

ȁǸǾǮDzdzǻǻǮȍ ǿǺdzǾȀȊ
ǻȎ ȝȓȞȓȘȞȓȟȠȘȎȣ ȟȚȓȞȠȖ

49
ǪȈșȤȒȈ ȀȚȍȗșȍȓȤ ȚȡȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȑ ȌȍȓȖȊȐȚȖ ȗȘȖșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȓ Ȋșȍ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧ șȊȖȍ-
ȋȖ șȖșȍȌȈ ȗȖ șȚȖȓȐȒț — ȏȈȉȘȍȌȠȍȋȖ șȓțȟȈȍȔ Ȋ ȟȈȑȕțȦ ©ȜȘȈȍȘȈª
©ǼȘȈȍȘȖȔª ȗȖ ȊȖȘȖȊșȒȖȔț ȎȈȘȋȖȕț ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȚȖȚ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ș ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȔȖȎ-
ȕȖ ȚȈȒ ȐȓȐ ȐȕȈȟȍ ȗȖȎȐȊȐȚȤșȧ ǩțȒȊȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌ ȥȚȖȋȖ șȓȖȊȈ — ȍșȓȐ ȚȈȒȖ-
ȊȖȑ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȍȕ ȖȏȕȈȟȈȍȚ — ©ȉȖȋȈȚȣȑ ȋȖșȚȤª
ǼȘȈȍȘ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȊȣȗȐȊȈȓ șȚȈȒȈȕ ȏȈ șȚȈȒȈȕȖȔ ȟȈȑ Ȑȏ ȒȘțȋȓȖȋȖ ȗțȏȈȚȖȋȖ ȟȈȑ-
ȕȐȒȈ
ǬȊȐȎȍȕȐȧ ȍȋȖ ȉȣȓȐ șțȌȖȘȖȎȕȣ ȗȖȘȣȊȐșȚȣ Ȑ ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȌȈȎȍ șȚȘȈȕȕȣ ǺȖȟȕȖ
Ȋ ȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȈȒ ȍȋȖ ȘțȒȐ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȚȍȓȖ ȌȊȐȋȈȓȐșȤ șȈȔȐ ȗȖ șȍȉȍ șȈȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ șȖ
șȊȖȐȔȐ ȗȖȔȣșȓȈȔȐ Ȑ ȟțȊșȚȊȈȔȐ ȉțȌȚȖ ȉȣ ȖȚșțȚșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȊȖȊșȍ ȐȓȐ ȊȖ ȊșȧȒȖȔ
șȓțȟȈȍ ȉȣȓ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ Ȑ ȖȚ ȟȈȧ șȚȈȒȈȕȈ ȟȈȑȕȐȒȈ șȚȖȓȐȒȈ Ȑ Ȋșȍȑ ȖȉșȚȈȕȖȊȒȐ ȟȈȑ-
ȕȖȑȅȚȖ ȏȈȉȈȊȓȧȓȖ ǪȈșȤȒț Ȉ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȚȍȔ Ȑ ȗȖȌȉȈȌȘȐȊȈȓȖ
— ǺȈȒȖȋȖ ȟțȌȈȒȈ șȠȍȓțȠȐȚȤ — ȌȊȍ ȗȈȘȣ ȗțșȚȧȒȖȊ — ȌțȔȈȓ Ȗȕ, ©ș ȍȊȖ ȠȚȈ-
ȕȣ șȕȐȔȐ ȟȍȟȈș Ȗȕ Ȑ ȕȍ ȖȋȓȧȌȐȚșȧª ȖșȚȘȐȓ ȗȘȖ șȍȉȧ ȀȚȍȗșȍȓȤ Ȑ ȔȣșȓȍȕȕȖ
țȎȍ ȗȖȠȈȘȐȊȈȓ ȗȖ ȘȈșȚȖȗȣȘȍȕȕȣȔ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȈȔ ȜȘȈȍȘȈ
DzȖȋȌȈ Ȏȍ ȜȘȈȍȘ ȕȍȘȊȕȖ ȏȊȧȒȕțȓ ȓȖȎȒȖȑ ȗȖ șȚȈȒȈȕț Ȑ șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ
ȊȣȝȊȈȚȐȓ Ȑȏ ȉȖȒȖȊȖȋȖ ȗȐȌȎȈȟȕȖȋȖ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȈ ȉțȔȈȎȕȐȒ ǪȈșȤȒȈ ȕȈșȚȖȘȖȎȐȓșȧ
©ǰ-Ȑ-ȣȝ ǻ ȍȋȖ ȚȈȔ ȕȍȔȈȓȖ ȉțȔȈȎȍȒ ȏȘȧ ȒȖȗȖȠȈȚșȧ — ǪȈșȦȚț ȗȖȌȎȐȌȈȦȚª
— Ȑ șȔȈȟȕȖ ȗȖȚȍȘ ȗȖȚȍȦȡȐȍ ȖȚ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȐȧ ȓȈȌȖȕȐ
ǼȘȈȍȘ ȊȣȠȍȓ Ȑȏ ȟȈȑȕȖȑ
ǪȈșȤȒȈ ȒȓȐȒȕțȓ ȗȖȓȖȊȖȋȖ Ȑ ȗȘȐȊȣȟȕȖ ȗȘȖȞȍȌȐȓ
— «ǯȈȒȐȕȤ-ȒȈ ȌȘțȎȍ ȕȈ ȔȖȑ șȟȍȚȐȒ ȟȈȑ ȕȈ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȗȈȘț ȔȖșȒȖȊșȒȐȝ ȒȈ-
ȓȈȟȍȑª
ǰ ȜȈșȖȕȐșȚȖ-ȕȍȚȖȘȖȗȓȐȊȖ ȗȖȌȓȈȎȐȊȈȧ ț ȌȊȍȘȍȑ ȒȍȗȒț ȊȣȠȍȓ Ȑȏ ȌȍȕȕȖȑ
ȟȈȑȕȖȑ
— ©ǰȠȤ ȒȈȒ ȏȈȠȗȈȈȘȐȊȈȍȚ ȕȍȓȈȌȕȖȑ ǬȖ țȋȓȈ ȌȖșȒȖȟȐȓ ȅ-ȥ-ȥ ȊȘȍȠȤ
ȉȘȈȈȚ ȖȚ ǪȈșȤȒȐ ȀȚȍȗșȍȓȧ ȕȍ țȑȌȍȠȤ ǵȍ ǹȍȘȍȋȈ ȒȖșȖȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȏȈșȣ-
ȗȈȚȤ ȚȖ Ȑ ȋȖȘȈȏȌ Țȍȉȍ ȗȖȗțȚȟȐȓșȧ ǵȍ ǹȍ-Șȍ-ȋȈ ǪȈșȤȒȈ ǪȈșȤȒȈ șȍȉȧ ȕȍ țȗțș-
ȚȐȚ ȉȘȈȚ — Ȑȏ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȒȖȓȖȌȣª
ǰ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȧ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȏȈȌȖȘȐșȚȖȔ Ȍțȝȍ ȉȖȑȒȖ ȘȈȏȔȣȠȓȧȚȤ ǪȈșȤȒȈ ȏȖȘȒȖ șȓȍ-
ȌȐȓ ȏȈ șȊȖȍȑ ȎȍȘȚȊȖȑ.
— ©Ǫ ȚȘȈȔȊȈȑ Ǫ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȤ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȚșȧ ȅȚȖ ȉȘȈȚ ȕȈȔ ȕȈ ȘțȒțª
ǪȈșȤȒȈ ȊșȚȈȓ Ȋ ȚȘȈȔȊȈȑȕȣȑ ȝȊȖșȚ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏ Ȋ ȏȈȚȣȓȖȒ șȊȖȍȑ ȎȍȘȚȊȣ
ǹȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȀȚȍȗșȍȓȤ ȕȍ șȖȊșȍȔ ȖȌȖȉȘȧȓ ȥȚț ȕȖȊțȦ ȏȈȚȍȦ — ȚȘȈȔȊȈȑȕȣȍ
ȝȊȖșȚȣ — ȖȕȐ ȕȍȔȈȓȖ ȔȍȠȈȓȐ ȍȔț Ǫ ȚȖȓȗȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȊșȧȒ ȚȖȘȖȗȐȚșȧ Ȋ ȚȘȈȔȊȈȑ
ȉȣȓȖ ȒțȌȈ șȗȖșȖȉȕȍȑ țȌȐȚȤ ȗȖ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȈȔ ǪȈșȤȒȈ ȌȈȎȍ ȊȖȊșȍ ©șȖȠȍȓª ș ȚȘȈȔ-
ȊȈȑȕȖȋȖ ȌȍȓȈ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȥȚȐȝ șȈȔȣȝ ȕȍȓȈȌȕȣȝ ȝȊȖșȚȖȊ
ǵȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȗȕ ȊȖȠȍȓ Ȋ ȜȈȘȚ Ȑ țȎȍ ȖȡțȡȈȓ ȉȍȘȍȎȕȖ ȒȖșȚȧȠȒȈȔȐ ȗȈȓȤȞȍȊ Ȋ
ȕȈȘțȎȕȖȔ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȍ ȗȈȓȤȚȖ ȜȘȈȍȘȈ ȕȍȉȘȍȎȕȖ șțȕțȚȣȑ ȚțȌȈ ȎȐȘȕȣȑ ȉțȔȈȎȍȞ
ǺȘȈȔȊȈȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȊȚȧȕțȓ Ȋ șȍȉȧ ȊȍșȤ ȝȊȖșȚ Ȑ ș ȋȘȖȝȖȚȖȔ ȗȖȕȍșșȧ ȕȈ ǷȍȚȍȘ-
ȉțȘȋșȒțȦ șȚȖȘȖȕț
ǵȍȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȖȚ ǪȊȍȌȍȕșȒȖȑ ȜȘȈȍȘ ȗȖȌȈȓșȧ ȕȈ ȗȍȘȍȌȕȦȦ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȒț
ǪȈșȤȒȈ țȎȍ ȗȘȐȚțȓȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȕȈȔȍȟȍȕȕȖȔț ȒȈȘȔȈȕț
dzȍȊȣȔ ȉȖȒȖȔ ©ȚȖȘȔȖȏȐȓª șȓȍȌțȦȡȍȋȖ ȗȈșșȈȎȐȘȈ Ȑ Ȋ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȘȈȊȣȔ

50
— ȗȘȐȎȐȔȈȓșȧ Ȓ ȜȘȈȍȘț
ǹȘȍȌȕȐȑ Ȑ țȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȗȈȓȤȞȣ ȗȘȈȊȖȑ ȘțȒȐ țȊȍȘȍȕȕȖ Ȑ ȞȍȗȒȖ ȒȈȒ ȡȐȗ-
Ȟȣ ȗȘȐȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȓȐ ȉțȔȈȎȕȐȒ Ȋ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȍ ȜȘȈȍȘȈ
DzȈȎȌțȦ ȔȐȕțȚț ǪȈșȤȒȈ ȔȖȋ ȗȘȐȗȖȌȕȧȚȤ ȘțȒț Ȑ ȉțȔȈȎȕȐȒ ȕȍșȖȔȕȍȕȕȖ ȖȒȈ-
ȏȈȓșȧ ȉȣ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȘțȒȈȝ
ǵȖ ǪȈșȤȒȈ Ȑȏ ȓȦȉȊȐ Ȓ ȘȍȔȍșȓț Ȑ Ȍȓȧ ȜȖȘșț ȗȍȘȍȌ șȈȔȐȔ șȖȉȖȦ ȔȍȌȓȐȓ
©ǷțȡȈȑ Ȗȕ șȈȔ ȍȋȖ ȖșȚȈȊȐȚ Ȕȕȍª
Ǫșȍ Ȏȍ ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȗȘȐȊȣȟȕȖșȚȤ Ȋ ©Ȍȍȓȍª ȘțȒȐ ǪȈșȤȒȐȕȣ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȈȏ ȗȖ-
ȚȍȓȐ Ȑ ȖșȓȈȉȍȊȈȓȐ Ȋ ȒȐșȚȐ Ȑ Ȋ ȓȖȒȚȧȝ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȈȔȐ Ȏȍ ȗȖ ȍȋȖ Țȍȓț șțȌȖȘȖȎȕȖ
ȔȍȓȤȒȈȓ ȘȖȑ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȔțȘȈȠȍȒ Ȑ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȊȈȋȖȕȖȊȖȎȈȚȣȑ țȌȈȘȧȓ
ȊȌȘțȋ ȕȖȋȖȑ ȗȖ ȗȖȓț Ȑ ȏȊȖȕȐȓ ȗȘȍȌȖșȚȍȘȍȋȈȦȡȍ ȒȈȒȖȔț-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȏȈȏȍȊȈȊȠȍȔț-
șȧ ȗȍȠȍȝȖȌț
DzȖȋȌȈ ȜȘȈȍȘ ȖȗțșȚȐȓ ȕȖȋț ȕȈ șȚțȗȍȕȤȒț, ȉțȔȈȎȕȐȒ ȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȉȍȏ ȊșȧȒȖ-
ȋȖ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧ ǪȈșȤȒȐ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȞȍȗȒȐȝ ȗȈȓȤȞȈȝ
ǹȚȘȍȓȖȑ ȊȣȓȍȚȍȓ ȀȚȍȗșȍȓȤ Ȑȏ ȊȈȋȖȕȈ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȍ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ ȗȘȖȡȈȕȐȍ ȕȈ
șȊȖȦ ȎȍȘȚȊț
— ©ǵț ȒȈȚȐșȤ ȒȖȓȉȈșȖȑ ǪȈșȤª — ȗȖȌșȚȍȋȕțȓ șȈȔ șȍȉȧ ǪȈșȤȒȈ
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȏȈȊȍȘȕțȓ ȏȈ ǪȊȍȌȍȕșȒțȦ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȍȋȖ ȊȌȘțȋ ȏȈȒȖȓȖȚȐ-
ȓȖșȤ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȊȍȒȐ ȏȈȗȘȣȋȈȓȐ țȟȈȡȍȕȕȖ Ȑ ȗȖ ȊșȍȔț Țȍȓț ȉȍȠȍȕȖ ȏȈȗȓȧșȈȓȈ șȈ-
ȔȈȧ ȎȐȊȈȧ ȕȍȖȚȊȘȈȚȐȔȈȧ ȘȈȌȖșȚȤ
— ©ǪȖȚ ȖȕȖ ȒȈȒ ǪȈșȍȕȤȒȈ Ǩ ǵȐ ș ȒȈȒȖȋȖ ȉȖȒț ȕȍ ȏȈșȣȗȈȍȚșȧ ǪȈșȤȒȈ ȀȚȍȗ-
șȍȓȤ ȅȥȝ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȥȚȖ ǹȍȘȍȋț DzȖșȖȋȖ țȋȖȘȈȏȌȐȓȖ ©ȏȈ ȒȖȕȊȍȘȚ Ȑ Ȋ ȒȘțȎȒțª ȏȈșȣ-
ȗȈȚȤșȧ — ȌțȘȤ ȒȖșȈȧ ǺȈȈȈȒ ǪȈșȍȕȤȒȈ ȅȚȈȒ ǪȈșȦȚȈȕȤȒȈ ǺȈȒȖȕȤȒȐ ǪȈșȦȒ
ǯȌȖȘȖȊȖ ȉȘȈȚ ȅȥȝ Ȑ ǪȈșȤȒȈ Ȏȍ ȋȊȖȏȌȤ Țȍ Ȋ șȗȐȕț.»
ǪȈșȤȒȈ ȕȍ Ƞȍȓ Ȉ ȕȈȗȓȧșȣȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȉȖȑȒȖȍ ȕȈ ȈșȜȈȓȤȚȍ
— ©ǰ ȌțȘȕȖȑ Ȏȍ ȥȚȖȚª — ȎȈȓȍȦȟȐ ȗȖȌțȔȣȊȈȓ ǪȈșȤȒȈ ©ȒȈȒ ȥȚȖ ȔȖȎȕȖ ș
ȌȍȕȤȋȈȔȐ ȌȈ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȖȉȘȈȡȍȕȐȍ ȐȔȍȚȤ —©ȕȈȚȍª ȔȖȓ ȒȖȔț ȕȍ ȓȍȕȤ ȉȍȘȐȚȍ Ȑȝ
Ȍȓȧ ȘȈȏȊȖȌț — ǺțȚ ȋȘȍȝ țȗțșȚȐȚȤ-ȚȖ ȕȍ ȊȏȧȚȤ — șȖȊȍșȚȕȖ ȊȍȌȤ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ șȈȔȐ
ȗȖȌȉȐȊȈȦȚșȧ ǺȖȗȖȘ — ȕȍ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ǻ ȍȋȖ ȊȐȌȈȚȤ ȕȍ Ȋșȍ ȌȖȔȈ — ȗȖȘȈșȝȖȌȖȊȈ-
ȓȐșȤ. ǩȍȏ ȊȐȕȚȐȒȈ ȗȈȘȣ ȊȐȕȚȐȒȖȊ ȕȍ ȝȊȈȚȈȍȚ»
ǻ șȈȔȖȑ DzȘȖȕȊȍȘȒșȒȖȑ ȗȘȐȔȍȚȐȓ ȀȚȍȗșȍȓȤ șȐȕȦȦ ȊȣȊȍșȒț
— ©ǬȍȕȕȈȧ ȟȈȑȕȈȧ ǷȍȚȘȈ ǰȊȈȕȖȊȈ ǹȈȓȖȚȖȗȖȊȈª
ǰ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȠȔȣȋȕțȓ Ȋ ȕȍȍ
ǯȈ ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȣȔ șȚȖȓȐȒȖȔ Ȋ țȋȓț ǪȈșȤȒȈ țȎȍ ȊȖȊșȍ ȐȕȖȑ ȕȈ ȓȦȌȧȝ șȚȍȗȍȕȕȖ
Ȑ țȊȍȘȍȕȕȖ Ȋȣȕțȓ ȉțȔȈȎȕȐȒ șȚȈȘȈȧșȤ ȡȍȋȖȓȤȕțȚȤ ȐȔ — țȎ ȉȖȓȤȕȖ ȜȈșȖȕȐ-
șȚȣȔ ȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȉțȔȈȎȍȞ
ǺțȚ Ȏȍ șȚȈȓ ȗȍȘȍșȟȐȚȣȊȈȚȤ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ
— ©ǷȧȚȐȌȍșȧȚȖȟȒȈ șȖȘȖȒȖȊȖȟȒȈ ȥȚȖ țȎȍ ȚȘȐșȚȈ ȗȖȘȊȈȚȈȧ ȗȧȚȈȚȒȈ —
ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȔțȚ... șȍȔȤșȖȚ ȌȍȊȧȕȖșȚȖ șȍȔȤ ǩȍȏ ȚȘȍȝȐ ȊȖșȍȔȤșȖȚ ǷțșȚȤ ȍȋȖ —
ȚȘȍȠȒȈ ȍȔț ȕȈ ȚȘȈȔȊȈȑȕȣȍ ȗȖȔȐȕȣ ȗȘȐȋȖȌȐȚșȧ»
DzȘȖȔȍ șȍȔȐșȚȈ ȌȍȊȧȕȖșȚȖ șȍȔȐ Șțȉȓȍȑ Ȋ ȉțȔȈȎȕȐȒȍ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȌȊȈ ȚȘȈȔ-

51
ȊȈȑȕȣȝ ȉȐȓȍȚȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȚțȚ Ȏȍ ȗȘȐșȗȖșȖȉȐȓ — ȗȘȐȒȓȍȐȓ ȗȖȟȍȔț-ȚȖ ȕȈ șȚȍȕț
ǷțȟȖȒ ȘȌȧȕȣȝ ȊȖȓȖș țȏȖȘȟȈȚȣȑ ȒȘȍșȚȐȒ Ȑȏ șȍȘȍȉȘȈ Ȑ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ ȗȐșȤȔȖ
ǶȚȕȖșȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȊȖȓȖș ǪȈșȤȒȈ ȗȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȚȤ Ȑȝ DzȈȚȤȒȍ — șȊȖȍȑ ȉȣȊ-
Ƞȍȑ Ȑ ȗȖȌȘȈȏȕȐȚȤ ȍȍ — ȥȚȖ-Ȍȍ ȕȖȊȈȧ ȗȖȌȈȘȐȓȈ
DzȘȍșȚȐȒ ǪȈșȤȒȈ ȗȘȐȓȈȌȐȓ Ȓ șȊȖȍȑ ȞȍȗȒȍ ȕȈ ȋȘțȌȐ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ țȎȍ ȉȖȓȚȈȓșȧ
ȖȌȐȕ ȔȍȌȕȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȒȘȍșȚȐȒ
Ǭȓȧ ȥȚȖȋȖ ǪȈșȤȒȈ ȊȣȠȍȓ Ȋ țȉȖȘȕțȦ
ǵȈȌȍȊȈȧ ȒȘȍșȚ Ȗȕ ȚȘȐȎȌȣ ȗȍȘȍȒȘȍșȚȐȓșȧ ȊȣȌțȔȣȊȈȧ Ȋ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȈȒ
țȧȏȊȐȚȤ DzȈȚȤȒț
— ©ǹȔȖȚȘȐ Ȍȍ ȒȈȒȖȍ ȖȉȖȎȍȕȐȍ ȕȖȊȈȧ ȗȘȍȗȖȌȕȖșȐȚ ǪȈșȤȒȍ ȀȚȍȗșȍȓȦ Ȑ ȒȘȍ-
șȚȐȒ ȖȚ ȋȘțȌȐ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȓȈ ǹȔȖȚȘȐ ȒȈȒȈȧ Ȉ»
ǷȐșȤȔȖȔ ȏȈȕȧȓșȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȏȈ ȟȈȑȒȖȔ Ȓ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț ȗȖȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȓ ș țȌȈȟȐ ȓȐȔȖȕ-
ȟȐȒȈ Ȑ ȗȈȘț șȓȖȍȕȣȝ
ǹȗȍȘȊȈ Ȗȕ ȗȖȗȘȖșȚț ȝȖȚȍȓ ȐȏȖȘȊȈȚȤ ȗȐșȤȔȖ ȕȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȖȟȐȚȈȓ ȕȈ ȒȖȕȊȍȘȚȍ
șȚȘȈȕȕȖȍ Ȑ ȕȍșțȘȈȏȕȖȍ ©ȊșȍȔª ȚȖ ȏȈȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȖȊȈȓ Ȑ ȊșȒȘȣȓ ȉȍȘȍȎȕȖ ȒȖȕ-
ȊȍȘȚ ȗȖ ȒȓȍȦ
DzȘȖȊȤ ȝȓȣȕțȓȈ Ȓ ǪȈșȤȒȐȕȖȔț ȓȐȞț Ȑ ȗȖȌȒȈȚȐȓȈ Ȓ șȈȔȣȔ ȊȐșȒȈȔ ȒȖȋȌȈ ǪȈ-
șȤȒȈ ȘȈȏȖȉȘȈȓ ȗȍȘȊȣȍ șȚȘȖȒȐ
©Ǫ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȔȖȍȑ ȗȘȖȠț ȕȐȒȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȊȐȕȐȚȤª
ǬȈȓȤȠȍ Ȗȕ țȎȍ ș ȚȘțȌȖȔ șȉȐȚȣȑ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖșȚȤȦ Ȑ ȐșȗțȋȖȔ ȗȘȖȟȐȚȈȓ
©ǸȈȏȊȍ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȎȐȚȤ șȘȍȌȐ ȊȈș — șȓȍȗȣȍ ȎȍșȚȖȒȐȍ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȍ ȓȦȌȐȠȒȐ
ǮȐȏȕȤ ȥȚȖ ȉȍșȗȖȡȈȌȕȈȧ ȒȖȠȔȈȘȕȈȧ ȔȍȓȤȕȐȞȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ Ȋșȍ ȧȘȒȖȍ șȊȍȎȍȍ
Ȑ șȖȟȕȖȍ ȔȍȓȤȟȐȚ ȗȍȘȍȔȈȓȣȊȈȍȚ ȘȈșȗȐȓȐȊȈȍȚ Ȋ ȋȖȘȤȒȐȑ ȍȌȒȐȑ ȗȖȘȖȠȖȒ ȉțȌ-
ȕȍȑ Ȑ ȗȖȠȓȖșȚȐ ǰ ȥȚȐȔ ȗȖȘȖȠȒȖȔ Ȋȣ ȕȈȗȐȝȐȊȈȍȚȍ ȊȈȠȐ ȗțșȚȣȍ ȖȚȊȐșȓȣȍ
ȌțȠȐ ȊȖ ȊșȍȔ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȍ ȎȍȓțȌȒȈȔ Ǫȣ — ȎȐȊȖȚȣ șȗȓȖȠȕȣȍ Ȑ ȍșȓȐ ȍșȚȤ Ȋ ȊȈș
ȎȐȊȣȍ șȖȒȐ ȚȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȓȐȠȤ ȎȍȓțȌȖȟȕȣȍ
ǵț ȊȈș
ǷȘȖȡȈȑȚȍ ș ǩȖȋȖȔ
ǹȍȘȋȍȑ ǪȈșȐȓȤȍȊȐȟ ǷǸǶǺǶDzǶǪª
ǪȈșȤȒȈ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ șȔțȚȕȖ ȐȕșȚȐȕȒȚȖȔ Ȋ ȥȚȐȝ ȗȖșȓȍȌțȦȡȐȝ șȓȖȊȈȝ
ȗȖșȔȍȘȚȕȖȑ ȏȈȗȐșȒȐ ȜȘȈȍȘȈ ȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȟȐȚȣȊȈȚȤ Ȑ ȘȈȏȉȐȘȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȕȐȝ ȕȍ șȚȈȓ
ǷȍȘȍȌ ȕȐȔ ȧșȕȖ ȊȖșșȚȈȓȖ ȉȓȍȌȕȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȜȘȈȍȘȈ ȍȋȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȍ ȓȐȝȖȘȈȌȖȟ-
ȕȣȍ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧ ȉȣșȚȘȈȧ ȉȍȋțȡȈȧ ȗȖȝȖȌȒȈ șțȚțȓȣȍ ȗȓȍȟȐ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȔȧȋȒȈȧ ȠȐ-
ȘȖȒȖȗȖȓȈȧ ȜȍȚȘȖȊȈȧ ȠȓȧȗȈ
ǪȈșȤȒȈ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȗȘȐȓȐȊ șȈȔȣȝ ȐșȒȘȍȕȕȐȝ ȌȖȉȘȣȝ ȟțȊșȚȊ Ȓ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ
ȖȉȊȖȘȖȊȈȕȕȖȔț ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒț
— ©ǪȖȚ Țȍ Ȑ ȒȈȕȐȚȍȓȤ ǯȈșȣȗȈȓșȧ ȗȖȟȐȡȍ ǹȍȘȍȋȐ-DzȖșȖȋȖ ǺȖȚ Ȋ ȟȈșȚȤ țȋȖ-
ȌȐȓ Ȉ ȧ șȈȔȖȋȖ șȍȉȧ ȘȈșȚȘȍȊȖȎȐȓ ȏȌȘȧ ǪȖȚ ȕȍȓȈȌȤ ȒȈȒȈȧ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȐȓȈșȧ ǰ ȕȍ
ȗȘȐȌțȔȈȍȠȤ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ǰ ȒȘȣȚȤ-ȚȖ ȕȍȟȍȔ ȅȥȥȝ ǪȈșȤȒȈ ǪȈșȤȒȈ— Ȋ ȗȍȘȍȗȓȍȚ ȒȈ-
ȒȖȑ șȉȐȓșȧ»
ǰ ȀȚȍȗșȍȓȤ ȕȈȘȈșȝȊȈȚ ȊȗȖȗȣȝȈȝ ȊȣȝȊȈȚȣȊȈȓ Ȑȏ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ ȊșȧȒțȦ ȕȍȊȍȘȖȧȚȤ
șȈȔȣȍ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȣȍ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ ȏȈȔȣșȓȣ
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ șȕȖȊȈ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ ȗȐșȤȔȖ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ Ȑ șȓȍȊȈ ȕȈ ȓȐșȚȍ ȕȈȗȍȟȈ-

52
ȚȈȕȕȖȍ
ǹȍȘȋȍȑ ǪȈșȐȓȤȍȊȐȟ ǷǸǶǺǶDzǶǪ
ǮțȘȕȈȓȐșȚ ǫȈȚȟȐȕșȒȈȧ Ȍ  ȒȊ 
Ƕȕ ȧșȕȖ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ ȍȔț șȓȍȌțȍȚ ȗȘȍȌȗȘȐȕȧȚȤ
— ©ǵȍ ȌȖȗțȡț ȌȖ șȔȍȘȚȐ țȉȐȑșȚȊȈ ȕȍ ȊȖȏȤȔț ȋȘȍȝȈ ȕȈ ȌțȠțª
ǪȈșȤȒȈ ȀȚȍȗșȍȓȤ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȉȣȓ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ țȉȐȑșȚȊȈ ©ȉȘȍȏȋȈȓ ȗȘȍȕȍȉȘȍȋȈȓ ȐȔª
ȒȈȒ șȈȔ ȏȈȧȊȓȧȓ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȍȋȖ ȏȈȏȣȊȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ©ȌȍȓȖ ș ȚȖȗȖȘȐȒȖȔª ȐȓȐ
ȌȘțȋȐȔȐ ©ȈȘȋțȔȍȕȚȈȔȐª
ǵȍ ȔȖȋ țȎȍ șȐȌȍȚȤ Ȋ ȟȈȑȕȖȑ ǩȣșȚȘȖ ȊȣșȒȖȟȐȓ ȕȈ țȓȐȞț Ȑ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȉȍȋȖȔ ȗțș-
ȚȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ǫȈȚȟȐȕșȒțȦ
ǷȖ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ Ȗȕ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ șȍȉȧ șȗȈșȐȚȍȓȍȔ ȍȔț ȊȌȘțȋ ȗȘȐȗȖȔȐȕȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ-
ȚȖ ȗȖȝȖȎȍȍ Ȑȏ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȊȐȌȣȊȈȓ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ Ȋ ȒȐȕȍȔȈȚȖȋȘȈȜȍ ©ǨȔȗȐȘª...
ǹȍȘȌȞȍ ȉȐȓȖșȤ ȖșȖȉȣȔ ȚȘȍȗȍȚȖȔ ǴȣșȓȐ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȍȘȍȗȓȍȚȈȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ
ȋȖȚȖȊȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȏȈȝȓȍșȚȕțȚȤ ȔȖȏȋ..
— ©Ǩ ȊȌȘțȋ Ȗȕ țȎȍ... — «ȒȈȗțȚª...
ǰ ǪȈșȤȒȈ ȕȈȋȖȕȧȓ ȠȈȋț
ǶșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȓ ǪȈșȤȒȈ ȊȍșȤ țȎȈș șȊȖȍȑ ȎȍȘȚȊȣ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ șȈȔ ȍȡȍ șȖ-
ȊșȍȔ ȕȍȌȈȊȕȖ ȊȣȊȖȌȐȓ ȚȖȟȤ-Ȋ-ȚȖȟȤ ȚȈȒȖȍ Ȏȍ ȟȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ Ȋ ȕȈȟȈȓȍ ȜȘȈȍȘȖȊȈ ȗȐșȤ-
ȔȈ ©Ȋ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȔȖȍȑ ȗȘȖȠț ȕȐȒȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȊȐȕȐȚȤª. ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȍȋȖ ȕȖ-
ȊȈȧ DzȈȚȤȒȈ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȓȈșȤ ȎȐȋȈȕț — șȚȘȈȠȕȖȔț ǪȓȈșț ǫȖȓȖȊȈșȚȐȒț Ȑ ȊȖȊșȍ ȖȚ-
șȚȘȈȕȐȓȈ ȀȚȍȗșȍȓȧ ȌȈȎȍ ȊȣșȔȍȐȊȈȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ȉȍșșȚȣȎȍȋȖ ȎȐȋȈȕȈ
ǵȖ ȌțȘȤ ȥȚȈ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȊȣȊȍȚȘȐȓȈșȤ Ȑȏ ǪȈșȤȒȐȕȖȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȗȖșȓȍ ȚȖ-
ȋȖ ȒȈȒ ȍȔț țȌȈȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȔ ȒȖȒȈȐȕȕȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ ©ȊȏȧȚȤ ȕȈ ȝȖȔțȚª ȎȐȋȈȕȈ ȚȈȒ
ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȊȖȊșȍ Ȑ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ
ǪȈșȤȒȈ ȊȏȖȉȘȈȓșȧ ȕȈ ȚȘȍȚȐȑ ȥȚȈȎ ȕȈȎȈȓ ȒȕȖȗȒț ȏȊȖȕȒȈ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȊȌȘțȋ ȖȉȖ-
ȎȋȓȈ șȈȔȈȧ ȎȋțȟȈȧ ȉȖȧȏȕȤ
©Ǩ ȟȚȖ ȍșȓȐ ȥȚȖȚ ȏȈșȣȗȈȍȚª
ǰ ȍȡȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ șȚțȠȍȊȈȓșȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȊȣȠȓȈ ȔȘȈȟȕȈȧ ȊȐȌȐȔȖ ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ
ȘȈȏȌȘȈȎȍȕȕȈȧ ȉȈȘȣȕȤȒȈ Ȑ șȗȘȖșȐȓȈ ȕȍȗȘȐȊȍȚȓȐȊȖ
— ǿȚȖ ȕȈȌȖ"
ǪȈșȤȒȈ ȕȈȗȘȧȋ Ȋșȍ șȐȓȣ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȉȣȚȤ ȈȒȒțȘȈȚȕȣȔ Ȋ ȖȉȘȈȡȍȕȐȐ
— ©ǷȘȖșȚȐȚȍ ȏȈ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȤȍ» ȗțȚȈȓșȧ Ȗȕ ©ǰȏȊȐȕȐȚȍ ȏȈ ȕȍșȒȘȖȔȕȣȑ ȊȖȗ-
ȘȖș ȇ ȔȖȋț șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȧ ȚȈȒ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ǹȍȘȋȍȧ ǪȈșȐȓȤȍȊȐȟȈ ȗȖȊȐȌȈȚȤ
ǶȌȕȐȔ șȓȖȊȖȔª...
ǩȈȘȣȕȤȒȈ ȘȍȏȒȖ ȗȍȘȍȉȐȓȈ:
— «Ƕȕ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȔȍȚ ȕȐȒȖȋȖ ǷȘȖȠȍȓ Ȓ șȍȉȍ ȕȍ șȒȈȏȈȊ ȕȐȒȖȔț
ȕȐ șȓȖȊȈ ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȏȈȉȖȓȍȓ ȌȈȎȍ ǺȈȒ ȟȚȖ Ǫȣ ȓțȟȠȍ ȖșȚȈȊȤȚȍ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȗȖȒȖȍ».
ǵȖ ǪȈșȤȒȈ ȊȌȘțȋ ȖșȔȍȓȍȓ
— ©Ǵȕȍ ȕȈȌȖ ȍȋȖ ȕȍȗȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ Ȉ ȕȍ ȚȖ șȒȊȍȘȕȖ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȐȚȤșȧ ǬȈ»
ǩȈȘȣȕȤȒȈ ȕȍȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȒȖșȐȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȕȖ Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ ȔȖȓȟȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓȈșȤ
Ȑ ȗȖȠȓȈ Ȓ ȖȌȕȖȑ Ȑȏ ȌȊȍȘȍȑ

ǪȈșȤȒȈ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ȉȈȘȣȕȤȒȐ ȖȟțȚȐȓșȧ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ǹȍȘȋȍȧ ǪȈșȐȓȤȍȊȐȟȈ Ȑ țșȗȍȓ
ȗȘȖȜȍșșȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȌȔȍȚȐȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȜȘȈȍȘ șțȕțȓ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȍȍ Ȋ șȚȖȓ
— ©Ǫȣ» — ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȕȖ ȊșȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ǹȍȘȋȍȑ ǪȈșȐȓȤȍȊȐȟ ȗȘȐ ȊȐȌȍ ȀȚȍȗșȍȓȧ
Ȑ ȊȌȘțȋ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ Ȑ ȕȍȘȊȕȖ ȘȈșȝȖȝȖȚȈȓșȧ
— ©ǻȑȌȐ ǵȈȌȧª, — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȍȒȘȈȚȐȓșȧ ȗȘȐșȚțȗ ȒȈȠȓȧ ȊȣȏȊȈȕ-
ȕȣȑ șȔȍȝȖȔ
ǩȈȘȣȕȤȒȈ ȊȣȠȓȈ
ǪȈșȤȒȈ ȕȍȌȖțȔȍȊȈȓ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȚțȚ Ȗȕ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȋȖȚȖȊȓȍȕ
Ȓ ȥȚȖȑ ȊșȚȘȍȟȍ
— ©ǿȚȖ șȒȈȎț ȧ ȍȔțª
— «ǵț șȧȌȤȚȍ — ȉțȌȤȚȍ ȋȖșȚȍȔª — ș ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ țȓȣȉȒȖȑ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȜȘȈȍȘ
ȟȍȚȒȖ ȊȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȧșȤ Ȋ ǪȈșȤȒȐȕȣ ȋȓȈȏȈ
ǪȈșȤȒȈ ș ȒȘȈȦȠȒȈ ȗȘȐȔȖșȚȐȓșȧ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȕȈ ȌȐȊȈȕȍ ȕȍȓȖȊȒȖ Ȋȣȕțȓ ȉțȔȈȎ-
ȕȐȒ Ȑ ȗȖȌȈȓ ȍȋȖ ǹȍȘȋȍȦ ǪȈșȐȓȤȍȊȐȟț DzȈȏȈȓȖșȤ Ȋșȧ ȍȋȖ ȊȖȘȖȊșȒȈȧ ȗȘȖȊȖȘȕȖșȚȤ
ȘȈșșȣȗȈȓȈșȤ ȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ
— ©ǪȖȚ Ǫȣ țȘȖȕȐȓȐ ǺȈȔ Ȑ ȗȐșȤȔȖ DzȖȕȊȍȘȚȈ ȍȑ-ǩȖȋț ȕȍ ȟȐȚȈȓ», — ȗțȚȈȓ
ǪȈșȤȒȈ «ǵȍȟȈȧȕȕȖ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ǫȌȍ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȒȈ Ǫȣ ȊȣȘȖȕȐȓȐ»
— ©ȅȥȥ ȉȘȖșȤȚȍ ȇ ȊȍȌȤ Ȋșȍ ȏȕȈȦ DzȖȋȌȈ Ǫȣ Ȋ ȟȈȑȕȖȑ ȗȘȐȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȓȐșȤ ȟȍ-
Șȍȏ ȗȓȍȟȖ Ȓ ȉțȔȈȎȕȐȒț — ȉȣȓȖ ȊȐȌȕo. — ǪȍȌȤ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȖ șȚȖȧȓȖ Ǩ ȕȈ-
șȟȍȚ ȗȐșȤȔȈ — ǶȚȒțȌȈ Ȏȍ Ǫȣ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȏȕȈȚȤ ȔȖȑ ȈȌȘȍș" ǵȖ ǩȖȋ ș ǪȈȔȐ — ȌȍȓȖ ȕȍ
Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ǶșȚȈȊȤȚȍ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ ț șȍȉȧ — Ȋșȍ Ȋșȍ ǬȈ ȉȍȘȐȚȍ Ȏȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ ǪȈȔ ǵț ȕȈ-
Țȍ ȕȈ-Țȍ Ȏȍ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȋȌȍ Ȏȍ ȒȘȍșȚȐȒ"»
ǪȈșȤȒȈ ȒȖȘȟȐȓșȧ ȒȘȈșȕȍȓ ȖȏȐȘȈȓșȧ ȗȣȝȚȍȓ Ȉ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȌȍȓȖ ȌȖȠȓȖ ȌȖ ȒȘȍș-
ȚȐȒȈ ȚȈȒ ȊȖȊșȍ ȘȈșȚȍȘȧȓșȧ ȊȏȊȣȓ ȊȌȘțȋ șȈȔȣȔ ȌȍȚșȒȐȔ ȉȍșȗȖȔȖȡȕȣȔ ȗȓȈ-
ȟȍȔ
ǹȓȍȏȣ ȏȈȗȘȣȋȈȓȐ șȖ ȡȍȒ
Ǫșȍ Ȏȍ Ȗȕ ȘȈșșȚȍȋȕțȓ ȊȖȘȖȚ ȘțȉȈȝȐ Ȑ șȚȈȓ ȊȖȏȐȚȤșȧ ș ȞȍȗȒȖȑ Ȑ ȏȈȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȓ
ȊȔȍșȚȍ Ȋ ȗȓȈȟȍȔ
— ©ȇ ȥȚȖȑ șțȒȍ DzȈȚȤȒȍ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȉȉȣȣȣ ǪȣȗȐ Ǩ ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȖȉȐȘȈȚȤ
ǪȈș».
ǹȍȘȋȍȑ ǪȈșȐȓȤȍȊȐȟ Ȗȉȕȧȓ ǪȈșȤȒȐȕȣ ȗȓȍȟȐ ȘțȒȖȑ ȗȍȘȍȉȐȓ ȍȋȖ țȚȍȠȈȧ Ȑ ȗȖȌ-
ȉȖȌȘȧȧ ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȗȘȖȒȘȐȟȈȓ ȊȖșȚȖȘȎȍȕȕȖ Ȋ șȈȔȖȍ ǪȈșȤȒȐȕȖ ȓȐȞȖ
— ©ǬȈ Țȣ ȋȖȓțȉȟȐȒ Ȑ șȔȍȘȚȤ-ȚȖ ȔȖȦ ȊȣȒȘȈȓ ǻȒȘȈȓ șȔȍȘȚȤ șȓȣȠȐȠȤ
ǪȍȌȤ ȏȕȈȍȠȤ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ-ȚȖ ȧ ȗȖȎȈȓțȑ Ȑ șȚȘȍȓȧȚȤșȧ ȕe șȚȈȕț ǸȈșșȍȧȓ Țȣ Ȋșȍ ǷȖ-
ȕȕ-ȔȈ-ȍȠȤ Țȣ ȥ-ȚȚȖ Ȉ.?»
ǬȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȜȘȈȍȘ ȊȖȊșȍ ȘȈȏȌțȔȈȓ șȚȘȍȓȧȚȤșȧ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ǪȈșȤȒȈ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȏȕȈȓ,
ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȕȍȘȍȌȒȖ ș Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ ȏȈȝȈȎȐȊȈȓ ȊȍȟȍȘȈȔȐ Ȓ ǹȍȘȋȍȦ ǪȈșȐȓȤȍȊȐȟț ȐșȗȐȚȤ
ȟȈȍȒ Ȋ șȈȔȖȔ ȍȋȖ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚȍ

ǹǮǽǮ ǺǶǻ-Dzǵȉ

55
ǷȖșȊȧȡȈȦ DzȐȚȈȑșȒȖȔț ȗȖȥȚț
ǹȣȒțȕ-Ǻț
ȈȊȚȖȘț ȉȍșșȔȍȘȚȕȣȝ șȚȈȕșȖȊ
«ǷȖȥȔȈ Ȗ ȗȖȥȚȍª
ǨȊȚȖȘ
ǺȈȒ Ȑ șȖșȚȈȘȐȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȟțȎȉȐȕȍ ǴȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ
dzȍȚ ȚȘȐȌȞȈȚȤ ȕȈȏȈȌ — ȍȡȍ ȉȖȑȒȖȑ ȘȈșȚȖȘȖȗȕȖȑ — ȊȣȉȘȈȓȈșȤ ȖȕȈ șȓțȟȈȍȔ
Ȑȏ ȘȖȌȕȖȑ ȌȍȘȍȊțȠȒȐ ǯȈȏȊȈȓ ȍȍ ȕȈ ȟțȎȉȐȕț ȏȈȍȏȎȐȑ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȔȍȞ — ǪȈȕ-șȖ-
ȝȐȕ — ȉȣȊȈȓȣȑ ȌȍȓȍȞ ȕȍ ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȗȖșȍȚȐȊȠȐȑ Ȑ ȚȈȍȎȕȣȑ ǨȔțȘ Ȑ ȚȐȝȐȍ ȉȍ-
ȘȍȋȈ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȑ DzȖȘȍȐ Ȑ ȌȈȓȤȕȐȑ ȗȘȐȦȚ ȉȍȓȖȋȖ ȌȤȧȊȖȓȈ ǽȈȑ-ȠȐȕ-Ȋȍȑ
ǪȈȕ-șȖ-ȝȐȕ ȘȈȏȊȖȏȐȓ ȗȖ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȔ ȕȍȏȈȚȍȑȓȐȊȣȔ șȍȓȍȕȤȧȔ ȗȖȉȍȘȍȎȤȧ ȉȓȐ-
ȎȈȑȠȍȋȖ Ȓ ǿȐȜț ȊșȧȒțȦ ȝȖȌȒțȦ ȊșȧȟȐȕț Ȑ șȗȘȍșșȖȊȈȕȕțȦ ȔȖȘșȒțȦ ȒȈȗțșȚț
Ȑ ȓȈȒȖȔȣȍ ȚȘȍȗȈȕȋȐ Ȑ ȟȍȟțȕȟț ȗȘȖȟȕțȦ Ȑ ȕȈȗȘȈȏȌȕȐȟȕȣȍ ȘȈșȒȘȈȠȍȕȕȣȍ ȒȈȘ-
ȚȐȕȣ ȚȍȈȚȘȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȌȍȑșȚȊȈ Ȑ ș ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȧȔȐ ȌȓȐȕȕȖȉȘȈȌȣȝ șȚȈȘȟȍșȒȐȝ ȓȐ-
ȒȖȊ-ȉȖȋȖȊ Ȑ ȕȈȘȧȌȣ ȋȖȚȖȊȣȍ Ȑ ȉȍȏȌȍȓțȠȒȐ ȓȦȉȐȔȣȍ Ȑ ȊșȧȒțȦ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕ-
ȕțȦ ȟțȎȍșȚȘȈȕȕțȦ ȕȍȊȐȌȈȕȤ.
Ǩ ȐȕȖȑ ȘȈȏ ǪȈȕ-șȖ-ȝȐȕ țȔȍȓȖ ȗȘȐȗȘȧȚȣȊȈȓ Ȑ ȏȈȊȖȏȐȓ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȑ ȌȘȈȋȖȞȍȕ-
ȕȣȑ ȚȈȧȕ — ȖȗȐȑȕȣȍ șȓȐȚȒȐ
Ǫ ȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȟȍȘȕȣȑ ȌțȘȔȈȕ ȧȘȖ șȊȐȘȍȗșȚȊȖȊȈȓ șȖȟȐȓșȧ ȗȖ Ȋșȍȑ șȚȘȈȕȍ
ǿȈȌȕȣȑ ȌȣȔ ȗȤȧȕȖȋȖ ȕȍȊȐȌȕȖȋȖ ȌȘȈȒȖȕȈ ȋțșȚȖ Ȑ șȔțȚȕȖ ȊȣșȚȐȓȈȓșȧ ȗȘȖ-
ȗȖȓȏȈȓ Ȑȏ șȐȕȐȝ ȘȈȏȊȈȓȐȕ — ȏȈȚȈȍȕȕȣȝ ȜȈȕȏ — ȗȖ ȊșȍȔț ȗȖȉȍȘȍȎȤȦ
ǯȈȗȍȒȠȐȍșȧ Ȋ ȒȖȔȤȧȝ ȗȖȟȍȘȕȍȊȠȍȑ ȒȘȖȊȐ ȖȚȘțȉȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ țȓȐȟȍȕ-
ȕȣȝ ȖȗȐȑȡȐȒȖȊ Ȋșȍ ȟȈȡȍ șȊȍȠȐȊȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȗȘȐȌȖȘȖȎȕȣȝ șȚȖȓȉȈȝ Ȑ ȗȘȐȋȖȘȖȌ-
ȕȣȝ ȏȈȉȖȘȈȝ Ȋ ȕȈȏȐȌȈȕȐȍ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ țȓȐȟȍȕȕȣȔ ȖȗȐȑȡȐȒȈȔ
ȅȚȐ ȒȖȠȔȈȘȖȔ ȟȍȘȕȍȦȡȐȍ țȋȘȖȏȣ ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ șȔțȡȈȓȐ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȕȖȋȖ ǪȈȕ-șȖ-
ȝȐȕȈ Ƕȕ ȌȈȎȍ ȗȖȠțȚȐȓ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȕȈȌ ȖȌȕȖȑ Ȑȏ ȚȈȒȐȝ ȊȣșȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȋȖȓȖȊ —
ȝȓȖȗȕțȓ ȓȈȌȖȕȤȦ ȗȖ ȊȣȉȘȐȚȖȔț ȓȉț ȔȍȘȚȊȖȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ Ȑ ȕȈȘȈșȗȍȊ ȗȘȖȒȘȐȟȈȓ
— ©ǪȖȚ Țȣ ȥȚȈȒ ȕȍ ȚȘȍșȕȍȠȤ ǪȈȕ-șȖ-ȝȐȕȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȍȋȖ ȏȈȉțȉȍȕȕȈȧ ȋȖȓȖȊțȠȒȈ
ȉțȌȍȚ ȖȚȌȣȝȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȚȊȖȍȔ ȗȖȟȍȚȕȖȔ ȊȖȏȊȣȠȍȕȐȐª
***
ǷȖȒȐȌȈȧ ȘȖȌȕțȦ ȜȈȕȏț ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȖȋȖ ȗȖȉȍȘȍȎȤȧ ȊȚȖȘȖȗȧȝ ǴȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ ȏȈȝȊȈ-
ȚȐȓȈ ȊșȍȋȖ ȓȐȠȤ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȍșȚȘȣȝ ȞȊȍȚȐșȚȣȝ ȖȉȔȖȚȖȒ ȕȖȎȕȣȝ Ȑ ȌȊȍ ȗȈȘȣ
ȖșȚȘȖȕȖșȣȝ ȗȘȖȟȕȣȝ ȚțȜȍȓȍȒ Ȍȓȧ șȊȖȐȝ țȘȖȌȓȐȊȣȝ ȒȘȖȝȖȚȕȣȝ ȕȖȎȍȒ ȅȚȖ ǪȈȕ-
șȖ-ȝȐȕ ȗȘȍȌțȗȘȍȌȐȓ ȍȍ — Ȋ ǽȈȑ-ȠȐȕ-Ȋȍȑ ȔȖȓ ȔȈȓȖ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ Ȑ ȚȘțȌȕȖ ȌȖșȚȈȚȤ
ȝȖȘȖȠțȦ ȗȈȘț ȖșȚȘȖȕȖșȖȒ.
ǯȈȝȊȈȚȐȓȈ ȍȡȍ ǴȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ ȒȖȍ-ȒȈȒȐȍ ȕȈȘȧȌȕȣȍ ȗțșȚȧȒȐ.
ǶșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȉȍȘȍȎȕȖ ǴȐȕ-Ǭȏȣ țȊȍȘȕțȓȈ Ȋ șȚȈȘțȦ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȕțȦ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȦ ȕȈș-
ȓȍȌȕțȦ ȗȖȟȍȘȕȍȊȠțȦ țȎȍ șșȖȝȠțȦșȧ ȚȐȋȘȖȊțȦ ȓȈȗț
ǹ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȕȣȔ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍȔ Ȑ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖșȚȤȦ ȗțȡȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȉȍȘȍȋȓȈ ǴȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ

56
ȥȚț ȊȍȡȤ ǭȡȍ ȌȍȌ ȏȈȊȍȡȈȓ ȖȚȞț Ȉ ȖȚȍȞ ȍȑ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȓ ȚȐȋȘȖȊțȦ ȓȈȗț
ǹ ȌȍȚșȚȊȈ ȌȈȓȍȟȈȑȠȍȋȖ ȏȈȗȖȔȕȐȓȈ ǴȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ ȔȕȖȎȍșȚȊȖ ȘȖȌȖȊȣȝ ȘȖșșȒȈȏȕȍȑ
Ȗ ȞȍȓȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȟțȌȕȣȝ șȊȖȑșȚȊȈȝ ȚȐȋȘȖȊȤȍȑ ȓȈȗȣ
***
ǺȈȒ Ȑ ȗȖȒȐȕțȓȈ ȜȈȕȏț ȘȖȌȐȔțȦ ǴȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ ș ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȔȞȍȔ ǪȈȕ-șȖ-ȝȐȕȖȔ.
ǰ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ ȟțȎȖȔ ȕȍȗȘȐȊȍȚȓȐȊȖȔ ǽȈȑ-ȠȐȕ-Ȋȍȑ ȖȗȖȔȕȐȓȈșȤ ȖȕȈ Ȑ ȌȖșȣȚȈ
ȖȗȓȈȒȈȓȈ șȊȖȦ ȎȍșȚȖȒțȦ ȕȍȓȈȌȕțȦ țȟȈșȚȤ
ǪȈȕ-șȖ-ȝȐȕ ȏȈȔȈȕȐȊȈȧ ǴȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ ȕȈșțȓȐȓ ȕȈȉȖȓȚȈȓ ȍȑ ȗȖȓȕȖȍ ȉȓȈȋȖȗȖȓț-
ȟȐȍ Ȑ ȖȉȐȓȐȍ Ȋ ȕȖȊȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȖȎȍȋ ȍȍ ȌȖȊȍȘȟȐȊȖȍ ȊȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ȏȈȔȈȕȟȐȊȣȔ
ȉțȌțȡȐȔ Ȋ ȍȍ ȕȈșȚȖȘȖȎȍȕȕȖȔ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȊșȗȈȓȐȓ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕțȦ ȚȘȍȊȖȋț Ȑ Ȏȋțȟȍȍ Ȋȣ-
ȎȐȌȈȕȐȍ
ǶȟțȚȐȓȈșȤ Ȏȍ ǴȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ Ȋ ȚȍȔȕȖȑ ȕȍȗȘȐȦȚȕȖȑ ȒȖȕțȘȍ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ ȏȈȚȝȓȖȋȖ
ȋȘȧȏȕȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ
DzȈȎȌȣȑ ȊȍȟȍȘ ǪȈȕ-șȖ-ȝȐȕ ȕȈȚȈșȒȐȊȈȓ Ȋ ȥȚț ȒȖȕțȘț ȟțȎȐȝ ȋȘțȉȣȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȍ ȌȍȓȈȓȐ ș ȕȍȑ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ ȝȖȚȍȓȐ
ǵȍȘȍȌȒȖ ǪȈȕ-șȖ-ȝȐȕ țȍȏȎȈȓ ȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ ȗȖ ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȚȖ ȚȍȔȕȣȔ ȌȍȓȈȔ Ȑ ȖșȚȈȊȓȧȓ
ȍȍ ȕȈ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȓ șțȌȤȉȣ ȐȓȐ — ȍȡȍ ȝțȎȍ —- ȕȈ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȓ șȊȖȐȝ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ
ȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȍȑ
ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȐșȟȍȏȕțȊ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ — ǩȖȋ ȊȍșȚȤ ȒțȌȈ — ǪȈȕ-șȖ-ȝȐȕ ȕȍ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȚȐȓșȧ
ȊȖȊșȍ
ǴȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ ȕȍ țȌȈȓȖșȤ Ȑ ȘȈȏȊȍȌȈȚȤ-ȚȖ ȚȖȓȒȖȔ Ȗ șțȌȤȉȍ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȚȐȘȈȕȈ — ȉȣȓȈ
ȓȐ ȖȚȘțȉȓȍȕȈ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ǪȈȕ-șȖ-ȝȐȕȈ Ȑ ȉȖȓȚȈȓȈșȤ ȓȐ ȖȕȈ ȋȌȍ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȕȈ ȗȘȐȌȖ-
ȘȖȎȕȖȔ șȚȖȓȉȍ ȐȓȐ Ȏȍ ȍȋȖ ȚȘțȗ ȉȣȓ șȖȎȎȍȕ Ȑ șȝȖȘȖȕȍȕ ȗȖ-ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐ ǵȐ-
ȒȚȖ Ȑȏ ȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȍȑ ǪȈȕ-șȖ-ȝȐȕȈ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ Ȗ ȍȋȖ șțȌȤȉȍ
ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȊșȒȖȘȍ ǴȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȓȈ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȚȤșȧ ȥȚȐȔ Dz ȚȖȔț Ȏȍ ȖȕȈ
ȗȖȌȘțȎȐȓȈșȤ ș ȉȖȋȈȚȖȑ ȒȐȚȈȧȕȒȖȑ Dzțȕ-ȕȣ ș ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȕȈ ȟțȎȉȐȕȍ ȗȖ-
ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ șȓȖȊȈȔȐ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȖȋȖ țȧȏȊȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ șȍȘȌȞȈ Ȗ șȊȖȍȔ ȚțșȒȓȖȔ țȉȖȋȖȔ ȎȐ-
ȚȤȍǪșȚȘȍȟȈ ș Dzțȕ-ȕȣ ȉȣȓȈ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȗȖșȓȈȕȈ ȕȍȏȈȉȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȌțȠȖȑ țȔȍȘȠȍȑ ȔȈȚȍ-
ȘȐ ǴȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ — ǺȈȒ ȘȍȠȐȓȈ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȈȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ
Dzțȕ-ȕȣ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȌȖȉȘȖȑ Ȑ ȓȈșȒȖȊȖȑ Ȑ ȗȖ ȌȖȉȘȖȚȍ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȑ ȗȘȐȦȚȐȓȈ ǴȐȕ-
Ȍȏȣ ț șȍȉȧ Ȋ ȉȖȋȈȚȖȑ ȚȍȗȓȖȑ ȜȈȕȏȍ ȕȈ ȒȘȈȦ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ ǹ ȋȖȌȈȔȐ ǴȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ ȗȘȐ-
ȊȣȒȓȈ Ȓ ǽȈȑ-ȠȐȕ-Ȋȍȑ, — ȗȘȐȔȐȘȐȓȈșȤ ș ȟțȎȉȐȕȖȑ
ǰȕȈȧ — șȗȖȒȖȑȕȈȧ ȘȖȊȕȈȧ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȊȖȊșȍ șȚȍȘȓȈ ș ȍȍ ȗȈȔȧȚȐ ȎȍșȚȖȒȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ
ȗȍȘȍȎȐȚȖȍ ș ȉȍșȗțȚȕȣȔ ȖȉȔȈȕȡȐȒȖȔ ǪȈȕ-șȖ-ȝȐȕȖȔ.
ǰ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋ ȚȍȔȕȣȑ ȊȍȟȍȘ ȕȈȉȘȖșȐȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȕȍȍ șȖȉȈȒȈ Ȑ ȘȈ-
ȏȖȘȊȈȓȈ ȍȍ ȕȖȎȕȣȍ ȕȖȊȣȍ ȖȉȔȖȚȒȐ ǴȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ ȊȌȘțȋ ȖșȚȘȖ Ȑ ȟȍȚȒȖ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓȈ
ȐșȗȖȌȓȖȉȕȖȋȖ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȊȏȌȖȘȕȖ ȗȘȐȌȐȘȟȐȊȖȋȖ ǪȈȕ-șȖ-ȝȐȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȗȖȟȍȔț-ȚȖ
ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȘȈȏȌȘȈȎȈȓșȧ ȖȚ ȒȈȒȖȑ ȉȣ ȚȖ ȕȐ ȉȣȓȖ ȍȍ țȌȈȟȐ ȐȓȐ ȖȉȕȖȊȒȐ
— ©ǵȈȊȍȘȕȖȍ ȌțȠȈ ǪȈȕ-șȖ-ȝȐȕȈ ȗȍȘȍȕȍșȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȏȓȖȋȖ ȡȍȕȒȈª — ȗȖȌț-
ȔȈȓȈ ș țȎȈșȖȔ ǴȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ țȉȍȋȈȧ ȖȚ ȕȈȏȖȑȓȐȊȖȋȖ ȓȈȧ

57
ǩȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȕȈȧ ǴȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ ȖȝȖȚȕȖ ȗȖȔȖȋȈȓȈ ȗȖ Ȓțȝȕȍ Ȋ ȝȖȏȧȑșȚȊȍ șȊȖȍȑ ȓȈșȒȖ-
ȊȖȑ ȗȖȒȘȖȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȐȞȍ Ȑ șȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȍȔ ȊȣțȟȐȓȈșȤ ȓȍȋȒȖ Ȑ ȉȖȑȒȖ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȓȧȚȤ
ȐȏȣșȒȈȕȕȣȍ ȏȈȚȍȑȓȐȊȣȍ ȒțȠȈȕȤȧ Ȑȏ șȊȐȕȐȕȣ ȊȖȌȖȘȖșȓȍȑ ȊșȧȒȐȝ Ȑȏ ȊșȍȊȖȏ-
ȔȖȎȕȣȝ ȔȖȘșȒȐȝ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȝ ȟȐȓȐȔșȖȊ ȒȘȈȉȖȊ șțȠȍȕȖȑ ȔȍȓȒȖȑ Șȣȉȣ Ȑ ȗȘȖ-
ȟȐȝ ȗȘȖȌțȒȚȖȊ ǴȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ ȗȘȖșȓȈȊȐȓȈșȤ ȌȈȎȍ Ȋ ȒȘțȋț ȖȉȠȐȘȕȣȝ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȝ ȉȖ-
ȋȈȚȖȑ ȒȐȚȈȧȕȒȐ țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ țȌȈȟȕȣȔ Ȑ ȖșȚȘȣȔ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȖșȖȉȖȋȖ ȓȈ-
ȒȖȔșȚȊȈ Ȑȏ șțȠȍȕȣȝ ȚȘȍȗȈȕȋȖȊ Ȋ șȖțșȍ ș ȒȈȒȐȔȐ-ȚȖ ȚȊȍȘȌȣȔȐ ȔȖȘșȒȐȔȐ ȘȈș-
ȚȍȕȐȧȔȐ Ȉ ȚȈȒȎȍ Ȑ ȏȈȊȈȘȒȖȦ — Ȧ-ȞȈȖ-ȔȧȖ — ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȖȋȖ ȒȖȜȍ
ǰ ȚȈȒ ȌȖ șȚȈȘȖșȚȐ ȗȘȖȎȐȓȈ ȚȐȝȖ Ȑ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȗȖȊȈȘȐȝȖȦ ǴȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ ț ȌȖȉȘȖȑ
Dzțȕ-ȕȣ
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ǵȖ ȊȖȚ ȕȍșȒȈȏȈȕȕȖȍ ȋȖȘȍ ȗȖșȚȐȋȓȖ ȊȌȘțȋ ǴȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ — ȍȍ ȗȖȒȘȖȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȐȞȈ
țȔȍȘȓȈ
ǵȍ ȔȖȋȓȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȖșȚȈȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȉȖȋȈȚȖȑ ȜȈȕȏȍ ǴȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ ȉȍȏ șȊȖȍȑ ȌȖȘȖȋȖȑ
54ȕȍȏȈȉȊȍȕȕȖȑ Dzțȕ-ȕȣ
ǰ șȕȖȊȈ ȖȟțȚȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȋȘȧȏȐ Ȑ ȕȐȡȍȚȍ ǷȘȈȊȌȈ ǴȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ ȉȣȓȈ țȎȍ ȐșȗȖȓȕȍ-
ȕȈ ȟțȎȉȐȕȕȖȋȖ ȖȗȣȚȈ Ȓ ȚȖȔț Ȏȍ ȏȈ ȌȖȓȋȐȍ ȋȖȌȣ șȓțȎȉȣ ț Dzțȕ-ȕȣ Ȋ ȍȍ ȚȘȧȗȐ-
ȞȈȝ ȗȖȧȊȐȓȖșȤ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȍȕȍȎȕȣȝ șȊȍȘȚȖȟȒȖȊ Ȑ ȒȖȑ-ȒȈȒȐȍ ȗȘȐȋȖȌȕȣȍ ȊȍȡȐ-
ȞȣǵȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ț ȕȍȍ ȗȘȍȎȕȍȑ ȉȖȑȒȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȘȈșȚȖȘȖȗȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȗȖȚțșȒȕȍȓȈ șȐȓȈ Ȋ
ȒȖșȚȧȝ ȗȖȖșȓȈȉȓȈ Ȑ ȗȘȐȋȕțȓȈșȤ ǴȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ Ȑ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȚȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȕȍțȒȓȦȎțȦ ȉȍȏ
ȚȖȓȒȈ ȒȘȖȗȖȚȓȐȊțȦ șȚȈȘțȠȖȕȒț.
Dz ȏȐȔȍ ȗȘȐȦȚȐȓȈșȤ ǴȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ Ȋ șȖȓȖȔȍȕȕȖȔ țȋȖȓȒȍ ȕȈȘ ȟȍȘȕȖȋȖ ȚȈȧȕ-ȋȊȈ-
ȕȈ — ȍȎȍȌȕȍȊȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȐȦȚȈ șȖȕȓȐȊȣȝ ȖȗȐȍȒțȘȐȓȣȞȐȒȖȊ
***
ǰ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ-ȚȖ ȗȘȐȋȖȌȐȓȈșȤ șȚȈȘțȠȒȍ ȕȈșȓȍȌȕȈȧ ȚȐȋȘȖȊȈȧ ȓȈȗȈ țȎȍ șșȖȝ-
ȠȈȧșȧ Ȑ ȗȖȟȍȘȕȍȊȠȈȧ
ǹ ȌȍȚșȚȊȈ ȌȈȓȍȟȈȑȠȍȋȖ ȏȈȗȖȔȕȐȓȈ ǴȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ ȔȕȖȎȍșȚȊȖ ȘȖȌȖȊȣȝ ȘȖșșȒȈȏ-
ȕȍȑ Ȗ ȞȍȓȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȟțȌȕȣȝ șȊȖȑșȚȊȈȝ ȚȐȋȘȖȊȖȑ ȓȈȗȣ
ǰ ȊȖȚ ȟȚȖ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȏȈȗȖȔȕȐȓȖșȤ ȍȑ
ǵȐȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ șȗȈșȚȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȗȘȖȋȓȖȚȐȊȠȍȋȖ ȘȣȉȤȦ ȒȖșȚȤ ȍșȓȐ ȒȖșȚȤ
ȥȚȈ ȏȈșȚȘȧȕȍȚ Ȋ șȈȔȖȔ ȋȖȘȓȍ
ǺȈȒ Ȑ ȉțȌȍȚ ȚȖȘȟȈȚȤ Ȋ ȋȖȘȓȍ —
ǵȐ ȚțȌȈ ȕȐ șȦȌȈ
ǵȍ țȔȘȍȚ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȣȑ ȕȖ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȚȐȚșȧ Ȋ șȗȓȖȠȕțȦ ȉȍȏȣșȝȖȌȕțȦ
ȔțȒț ǪȍȟȕȈȧ ȎȍșȚȖȒȈȧ ȗȖȔȍȝȈ — ȏȈșȚȘȧȊȠȈȧ ȒȖșȚȤ ȎțȚȒȖ ȖȚȘȈȊȐȚ ȖșȚȈȚȒȐ
Ȍȕȍȑ ȍȋȖ
Ǫșȍ ȏȕȈȦȚ șȚȈȘȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ — ȔțȌȘȣȍ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȣ — ȉȍȓȖȉȖȘȖȌȣȍ ȗȖȟȚȍȕȕȣȍ

58
ǯȕȈȦȚ ȒȈȒ ȉȣȚȤ Ȑ Ȋ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȉȍȌȍ —
ǵțȎȕȈ ȚȐȋȘȖȊȈȧ ȓȈȗȈ șȘȍȏȈȕȕȈȧ ȚȖȓȒȖȔ Ȋ ȒȐșȚȐ ȕȐȎȍ ȓȖȒȚȧ
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȕȈ ȔȖȎȍȚ șȗȈșȚȐ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ș ȒȖșȚȤȦ ȏȈșȚȘȧȊȠȍȦ Ȋ
ȋȖȘȓȍ —-
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȓȈȗȈ ȚȐȋȘȖȊȤȧ
ǷțșȚȤ ȝȖȚȤ șȚȈȘȈ ȝȖȚȤ Ȑ ȏȈșȚȖȓȍȚȕȧȧ — ȟțȌȖȌȍȑșȚȊȖ ȞȍȓȍȉȕȖȍ ȍȍ ȕȍ Ȑșșȧ-
ȒȈȍȚ ȖȚ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȞȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȕȈȌȖ șȖȝȘȈȕȐȚȤ ȍȍ — ș ȕȍșȉȐȚȣȔȐ ȘȖȊȕȍȕȤȒȐȔȐ ȒȖȋȚȧȔȐ
Ǩ ȓȍȟȐȚȤ-ȚȖ ȍȦ — ȓȍȋȟȍ ȓȍȋȒȖȋȖ.
dzȈȗȈ ȓȈșȒȖȊȖ ȉȍȘȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȋȖȘșȚȤ ȘțȒȐ ȌȍȘȎȈȚȤ ȍȍ ȕȈȌȖ ȒȖȋȚȧȔȐ ȘȈșȚȖȗȣȘȍȕ-
ȕȣȔȐ ȊȣșȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȔȐ Ȓ ȋȖȘȓț ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ș ȏȈșȚȘȧȊȠȍȦ ȒȖșȚȤȦ
ǰ ȊȖȚ ȓȍȋȖȕȤȒȖ Ȋ ȟțȚȤ-ȟțȚȖȟȒț ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȚșȧ ȓȈȗȈ — ȞȈȗ-ȞȈȘȈȗ ȞȈȗ-ȞȈ-
ȗȣȕȤȒȐ șȊȍȘȝț ȊȕȐȏ Ȑ șȕȖȊȈ — șȊȍȘȝț ȊȕȐȏ Ȑ ȍȡȍ Ȑ ȖȗȧȚȤ Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȗȘȖȊȖ-
ȌȐȚșȧ ȓȈȗȈ ȘȈșȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȒȖȋȚȧȔȐ ȗȖ ȋȖȘȓț
Ǩ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒț-ȚȖ ș ȏȈșȚȘȧȊȠȍȦ ȒȖșȚȤȦ Ȋ ȋȖȘȓȍ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ șȚȖȧȚȤ ȊȣȚȧȕțȚȖ ȋȖȘ-
ȓȖȔ ȕȈȗȘȧȋȈȦȟȐșȤ ȊȣȎȐȌȈȦȟȐ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȊșȒȐȕțȚȖȑ ȒȈȌȣȒȖȔ ȕȈ ȊȣșȚțȗ ȊȣȌȊȐ-
ȕțȚȣȔ Ȑ ȚȈȒ ȚȍȘȗȍȚȤ ȗȖȒȈ ȓȈȗȖȦ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȚșȧ ȗȖ ȋȖȘȓț
ǾȈȗ ȞȈȘȈȗ ȞȈȗ ȞȈȗȗȣȕȤȒȐ — șȊȍȘȝț ȊȕȐȏ Ȑ șȕȖȊȈ — șȊȍȘȝț ȊȕȐȏ Ȑ ȍȡȍ Ȑ
ȖȗȧȚȤ Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȔȐȕțȚȈ ȌȘțȋȈȧ — ȋȓȧȕȤ ȒȖșȚȤ-ȚȖ Ȑ ȊȣșȒȖȟȐȓȈ Ȑȏ ȔȍșȚȈ ȕȈ-
șȐȎȍȕȕȖȋȖ
DzȈȒ ȘțȒȖȦ șȕȧȓȖ
ǹȊȖȉȖȌȕȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒț ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȖȔț ȓȍȋȒȖ Ȑ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖ ȗȖ-ȕȍȉȣȊȈȓȖȔț
Ǫșȍ ȥȚȖ ȗȖȕȈșȓȣȠȈȓȈ Ȑ ȏȈȗȖȔȕȐȓȈ ǴȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ Ȑȏ ȘȖȌȖȊȣȝ ȘȖșșȒȈȏȕȍȑ ȗȍȘȍ-
ȟȍȚȖȊ Ȑ ȕȈșȒȈȏȖȊ ȕȈȘȈșȗȍȊȕȣȝ ȕȈ ȚȐȋȘȖȊțȦ ȓȈȗț ȗȘȐ ȌȈȘȍȕȐȧȝ ȖȚ ȌȍȌȈ — ȖȚȞț
ȖȚ ȖȚȞȈ — ȍȑ
ǰ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȕȈșȚȈȘȐ Ȑ ȗȘȐȋȖȌȐȓȈșȤ ǴȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ ȕȈșȓȍȌȕȈȧ șșȖȝȠȈȧșȧ ȓȈȗȈ ȚȐȋ-
ȘȖȊȤȧ
Ƕ ȓȈȗȍ ȥȚȖȑ ȘȈȏțȏȕȈȓȐ ȓȦȌȐ Ȑ ȝȖȌȐȓȈ ȊȍșȚȤ șȘȍȌȐ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȍȊ ǽȈȑ-ȠȐȕ-Ȋȍȑ.
ǵȈ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȤȍ-ȋȌȍ ȏȈȏȣȊȈȓȐ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ șȚȈȘțȝț — ȒȖșȚȤ ȊȣȕȐȔȈȚȤ Ȑȏ ȋȖȘȓȈ ǰ
șȚȈȘȈȧ ǴȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ șȉȐȘȈȓȈșȤ ȉȍȏ ȚȖȓȒț ȒȘȖȗȖȚȓȐȊȖ șȎȐȔȈȓȈ Ȋ ȔȖȘȁǰǵȐșȚȣȝ Ȋ
ȚȘȍȡȐȕȈȝ șȒȖȘȦȟȍȕȕȣȝ ȗȈȓȤȞȈȝ șȚȈȘțȦ ȟȍȘȕțȦ ȓȈȗț ȚȐȋȘȖȊȤȦ ȗȘȖȉȐȘȈȓȈșȤ
ȕȈ ȥȚȐ ȏȖȊȣ — ȒȖșȚȤ ȊȣȕȐȔȈȚȤ Ȑȏ ȋȖȘȓȈ
ǾȈȗ ȞȈȘȈȗ ȞȈȗ ȞȈȗȣȕȤȒȐ — șȊȍȘȝț ȊȕȐȏ Ȑ șȕȖȊȈ — șȊȍȘȝț ȊȕȐȏ Ȑ ȍȡȍ Ȑ
ȖȗȧȚȤ Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȊȖȌȐȚ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȚ șȚȈȘțȠȖȕȒȈ ȉȍȏ ȚȖȓȒț ȒȘȖȗȖȚȓȐȊȖȑ ȘțȟȖȕ-
ȒȖȑ ȔȐȕțȚȈ ȌȘțȋȈȧ — ȋȓȧȕȤ — ȒȖșȚȤ-ȚȖ Ȑ ȊȣșȒȖȟȐȚ Ȑȏ ȔȍșȚȈ ȕȈșȐȎȍȕȕȖȋȖ
ǰ ȏȈȗȓȈȚȧȚ ȕȈ ȘȈȌȖșȚȧȝ șȚȈȘțȝȍ ǺțȚ Ȏȍ Ȑ ȕȈȒȖȘȔȧȚ ȚȍȔ ȟȚȖ Ȑ ȉȍȏ ȏțȉȖȊ —
ȓȈȒȖȔȖ
ǰ ȗȘȖșȓȈȊȐȓȈșȤ ǴȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ ȓȈȗȖȦ Ȋ ǽȈȑ-ȠȐȕ-Ȋȍȑ.
ǫȘȈȔȖȚȕȣȑ ȊȍșȍȓȤȟȈȒ ǹȧȕ-ȠȐȕ ȗȘȐșȓțȎȕȐȒ ȚȈȧȕ-ȋȊȈȕȈ ȚȈȒ ȚȖȚ ȌȈȎȍ Ȋ
țȋȖȓȒț ȕȈȌ ȓȖȝȔȖȚȤȧȔȐ ȗȖșȚȍȓȐ ǴȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ ȕȈȉȐȓ ȏȈȚȍȑȓȐȊțȦ ȐȍȘȖȋȓȐȜȐȟȍ-
șȒțȦ ȕȈȌȗȐșȤ
©ǯȕȈȔȍȕȐȚȈȧ Ȑ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȈȧ șȗȍȞȐȈȓȐșȚȒȈ ȗȖ ȊȣȚȈșȒȐȊȈȕȐȦ Șȣȉ-
ȕȣȝ ȒȖșȚȍȑ Ȑȏ ȋȖȘȓ — ǴȐȕ-Ȍȏȣª
ǹȔȣȠȓȍȕȣȑ ǹȧȕ-ȠȐȕ ȏȈȉȐȓ ȥȚȖ ȖȉȢȧȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȋȊȖȏȌȍȑ ȞȍȓȖȦ ȘȈȔȖȟ-
ȒȖȑ ȖșȚȘȣȝ Șȣȉȕȣȝ ȒȖșȚȍȑ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȍȑȠȐȝ ȜȖȘȔ Ȑ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȖȊ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȥȚȖ șȓțȎȐȓȖ

ȕȈȋȓȧȌȕȣȔ ȌȖȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖȔ șȚȈȘțȝȐȕȖȋȖ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȈ ȖȕȈ ȔȖȓ ȊȣȚȈȡȐȓȈ Ȑȏ ȋȖȘ-
ȓȈ ȥȚȐ ȒȖșȚȐ ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ Ȋ ȚȈȧȕ-ȋȊȈȕȍ ȖȚȓȐȟȕȖ ȏȕȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȐ ȒȖșȚȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȖȌ-
ȕȈȎȌȣ ȊȣȉȘȈȕȣ ȗȘȍȌȗȘȐȐȔȟȐȊȣȔ ǹȧȕ-ȠȐȕȖȔ Ȑȏ ȒȖȚȓȈ șȖșȍȌȕȍȑ ȘȣȉȕȖȑ ȝȈȘ-
ȟȍȊȕȐ ǷȖșȔȍȐȊȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈȌ șȚȈȘțȠȒȖȑ ȕȖ ȚȈȑȕț ȍȍ ȖȉȔȈȕȈ ȝȘȈȕȐȓȐ ȕȍȕȈȘțȠȐȔȖ
ǷȖȉȓȐȏ ȘȈȔȖȟȒȐ șȊȍȠȐȊȈȓȈșȤ ȚȖȎȍ ȕȈ ȊȉȐȚȖȑ Ȋ șȚȍȕț ȒȖșȚȐ ȓȖȊȒȖ ȏȈȊȍȘ-
ȕțȚȈȧ Ȋ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȕțȦ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȦ ȚȐȋȘȖȊȈȧ ȓȈȗȈ
ȅȚț ȏȈȚȍȦ ș ȘȣȉȤȐȔȐ ȒȖșȚȧȔȐ ǹȧȕ-ȠȐȕ ȗȍȘȍȕȧȓ ț ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȝ ȏțȉȕȣȝ ȊȘȈ-
ȟȍȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȕȈ ȗȖȌȖȒȖȕȕȐȒȈȝ șȊȖȐȝ ȗȘȐȍȔȕȣȝ ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȊȐȚȘȐȕ ȖȉȣȟȕȖ șȓȈ-
ȎȐȊȈȦȚ Ȋșȍ ȊȣȘȊȈȕȕȣȍ ȏțȉȣ șȊȖȐȝ ȗȈȞȐȍȕȚȖȊ Ȑ ȟȍȔ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ Ȑ ȊȣȠȍ ȏțȉȕȈȧ ȋȖ-
ȘȈ — ȒȘȈșȕȖȘȍȟȐȊȣȑ ȗȈȔȧȚȕȐȒ ȌȈȕȚȐșȚȈ ȚȍȔ ȏȕȈȚȕȍȍ șȟȐȚȈȍȚșȧ Ȗȕ Ȑ ȗȖȓȤȏțȍȚ-
șȧ șȖȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊțȦȡȐȔ ȗȖȟȍȚȖȔ Ȑ ȌȖȓȎȕȣȔ ȌȖȊȍȘȐȍȔ ȗȈȞȐȍȕȚȖȊ
***
ǰ ȌȖȕȣȕȍ — ȌȖ șȍȋȖȌȕȧȠȕȍȋȖ Ȍȕȧ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ Ȋ ȟȍȘȕȣȝ șțȔȘȈȟȕȣȝ ȗȘȖȊȈȓȈȝ
șȘȍȌȐ ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȣȝ ȋȘȧȏȕȣȝ ȗȘȐșȚȘȖȍȒ ȕȈȌșȚȘȖȍȒ Ȑ ȗȖȌșȚȘȖȍȒ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ Ȑȏ ȏȈȚ-
ȝȓȣȝ ȗȖȚțșȒȕȍȊȠȐȝ ȌȖȔȖȊ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȖȋȖ ǪȓȈȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒȈ — ȊȍȓȐȒȖȋȖ ȋȘȈȌȈ ȚȘȍ-
ȗȈȕȋȖȊ —ǽȈȑ-ȠȐȕ-Ȋȍȑ — Ȋ ȚțșȒȓȖȔ ȕȍȏȈȚȍȑȓȐȊȖȔ țȍȌȐȕȍȕȐȐ ȦȚȐȚșȧ ȏȧȉȒȖ țȎȍ
șȓȍȗȕțȡȈȧ ȍȓȍ ȌȊȐȎțȡȈȧșȧ ȒȘȖȝȖȚȕȈȧ șȚȈȘțȠȖȕȒȈ ǴȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ — ©ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐ-
ȚȈȧ Ȑ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȈȧ șȗȍȞȐȈȓȐșȚȒȈ ȗȖ ȊȣȚȈșȒȐȊȈȕȐȦ Șȣȉȕȣȝ ȒȖșȚȍȑ
Ȑȏ ȋȖȘȓª

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— ©ǺțȋȖ ȗȘȐȌȍȚșȧ — ȊȖȏȤȔȍȠȤ ț șȖșȍȌȈ ȟȚȖ Ȏ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ Ƿțȡȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȗȖȔȕȐ
Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ȌȖȓȋȍ ȚȖ Ȑ ȏȕȈȑ — șȖȖȉȘȈȎȈȑ ȒȈȒ ȊȍȘȕțȚȤ ȉȣ ȟȍȔ ȗȓȈȚȐȚȤ-ȚȈ" ȚȈȒ
Ȑ ȕȍ ȏȈȉȣȊȈȑ ȠȍȊȍȓȐ ȔȖȏȋȖȑª — țȟȐȓ ș ȊȖȘȟȤȦ șȍȌȖȑ Dzț-Ȧȕ-șțȕ ȗȓȍȔȧȕ-
ȕȐȒȈ ȗȖȌȘȖșȚȒȈ ǹȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ
— ©Ƕȑ — ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȖȚȉȐȊȈȑșȧ ȕȍ ȖȚȗȐȘȈȑșȧ ȖȚ ȌȖȓȋȈ — ȟȚȖ ȉȣ ȕȐ ȗȘȐȒ-
ȓȦȟȐȓȖșȤ — ȝțȌȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ǫȖȊȖȘȐ ȓțȟȠȍ ©ȏȈȊȚȘȈ ȖȚȌȈȔ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȕȍȚ Ȍȍȕȍȋª Ȉ
ȍșȓȐ Ȑ ȏȈȊȚȘȈ ȕȍ șȚȈȕȍȚ ȖȗȧȚȤ șȒȈȎȐ — ©ȗȘȖșȚȐ șȖșȍȌțȠȒȈ ȕȍȚ Ȍȍȕȍȋ ȗȖ ȊȘȍ-
ȔȍȕȐ șȖșȍȌȒȈ ȗȖșȓȧ ȊȍȘȕțª
ǷȖȌȖȓȋț Dzț-Ȧȕ-șțȕ ȗȖțȟȈȓ ǹȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ
ǰ ȊȖȚ ȟȚȖ țȏȕȈȓ ȗȓȍȔȧȕȕȐȒ ȖȚ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȌȧȌȦȠȒȐ
ǻȔȍȘ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȕȍ ȊȣȗȓȈȚȐȊȠȐ ȌȖȓȋ — Ȋșȍ ȘȈȊȕȖ Ȑ ȗȖșȓȍ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȕȍ ȊȣȒȘț-
ȚȐȚșȧ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏ ȌȖ ȒȖȗȍȍȟȒȐ ȖȚȌȈșȚ ȕȍ ȌȍȕȤȋȈȔȐ ȚȈȒ ȘȈȉȖȚȖȑ ȖȚȘȈȉȖȚȈȍȚ
ǺȘȐ ȌțȠȐ ț ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ǷȖșȓȍ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȘȈșȝȖȌȧȚșȧ ȖȕȐ.
ǶȌȕȈ ȌțȠȈ țȝȖȌȐȚ Ȋ ȐȕȖȑ ȏȈȋȘȖȉȕȣȑ ȔȐȘ Ȑ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȍȚ ȏȍȔȕțȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ țșȖȗ-
ȠȍȋȖ
ǬțȠȈ ȌȘțȋȈȧ ȖșȚȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȔȖȋȐȓȍ ș ȔȍȘȚȊȍȞȖȔ
Ǩ ȚȘȍȚȤȧ ȌțȠȈ ȗȖȒȐȌȈȍȚ ȗȘȈȝ ȊșȍȓȧȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȘȖȌȕțȦ ȜȈȕȏț ȦȚȐȚșȧ Ȋ ȌȖȡȍȟ-
Ȓȍ ȘȖȌȖȊȖȑ ș ȐȔȍȕȍȔ ȕȈȟȍȘȚȈȕȕȣȔ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȋȖ
DzȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȉȣ Ȑ țȔȍȘ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ — Ȉȕ ȕȍȚ ǮȐȊȈ ȍȋȖ ȌțȠȈ Ȑ ȉȘȖȌȐȚ Ȋ ȔȐȘȍ
ǩȘȖȌȐȚ ȝȖȌȐȚ ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌȐȚ — ȉȘȖȌȐȚ ȌțȠȈ ȗȖȒȈ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȚȒȕȍȚșȧ ȒțȌȈ — Ȋ ȉȘȦ-
ȝȖ ȒȈȒȖȍ ȘȈȏȉțȝȈȦȡȍȍ ȖȚ ȗȓȖȌȈ Ȋ ȒȖȘȖȊȤȍ ȓȐ ȕțȚȘȖ Ȋ ȓȖȠȈȌȐȕȖȍ ȓȐ ȟȘȍȊȖ Ȋ
șȖȉȈȟȐȑ ȎȐȊȖȚ — ȠȚȖ ȓȐ
ǰ ȊȖȚ ș ȚȍȓȧȚȒȖȑ ȎȍȘȍȉȍȕȖȟȒȖȔ ȓȐ ȡȍȕȒȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȓȐ Ȑ ȊȣȘȖȌȐȚșȧ ȌțȠȈ
șȕȖȊȈ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ— ȎȐȚȤ ȗȖȎȐȊȈȚȤ șȣȏȕȖȊȈ ȒȈȕȐȚȍȓȐȚȤșȧ ȌȈ ȗȓȖȌȐȚȤșȧ — ȕȈ
ȚȖȑ Ȏȍ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȗȖȌ ȚțȚȖȠȕȐȔ șȖȓȕȣȠȒȖȔ. —
ǺȈȒȖȊ ȕȈȒȈȏ ȉȣȚȖȊȣȑ — ȀȐȊȖȘȖȚ-ȕȈȊȣȊȖȘȖȚ Ȋ ȖȉȖȘȖȚ ȗțȡȈȚȤ ȌțȠț ȕȐȒȖ-
ȋȌȈ ȕȍțȚȘȈȚȕțȦ Ȑ ȊȖȊșȍ ȉȍȏȣșȝȖȌȕțȦ
ǶȌȕȖ ȌțȠȍ șȕȐșȝȖȎȌȍȕȐȍ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȖ — ȕȍ ȍȌȐȕ ȗțȚȤ ȖȚȒȘȣȚ ȍȑ — Ȉ — ȗțȚȐ
ǩȘȖȌ ȌțȠȐȑ
DzțȌȈ șȊȍȘȕȍȚ — ȚțȌȈ Ȑ ȊȣȕȣȘȕȍȚ
ǵȍ ȗțȚȤ Ȉ ȗțȚȐ —
ǭșȚȤ ȗȚȐȟȐȑ ȗȖȓȍȚ-ȗȍȘȍȓȍȚ ȕȈ Ȑșȗțȋț — ȖȋȓȧȌȈ ȜȈȏȈȕȈ ȕȈ ȒțȘȍȑ ȌȖȔȖșȍ-
ȌȖȒ ȏȈȉȖȚȕȐȞ ȕȈ ȓȈșȚȖȟȒț ȒȖșȖȓȍȚȖȟȒț-șȚȘȍȔȋȓȈȊȒț ȕȈ șȍȘȧȒȈ ȊȖȘȖȉȤȧ ȗȍȘȍ-
șȒȖȒț ȕȈ ȊȖȘȖȕȤȍ — ȋȕȐȓȤ-ȓȈȒȖȔȤȍ ȕȈ ȒȖȘȠțȕȈ ȉȣșȚȘȖȋȓȈȏȈ ȕȈ șȐȕȐȞț-ȝȘț-
ȗȐȞț ȕȈ Ȑȕȣȝ ȕȈ ȊșȦ ȓȍȚȤ-ȗȍȘȍȓȍȚȤ-ȒȘȣȓȤ ȕȍȉȖȝȖȌȕțȦ — ȊȣșȤȦ ȗțȚȤ ȌțȠȍ ȗȘȖ-
ȒȘȣȓȍȕ ȘȈșșȚȐȓȈȍȚșȧ
ǭșȚȤ Ȑ ȏȊȍȘȐȑ șȓȍȌ ȕȈ ȜȈȕȏȖȊȣȑ șȒȖȚ — ȕȈ ȒȖȘȖȊțȠȒț ȌȖȉȘȖȉȘȦȝțȦ ȕȈ
ȒȖȕȧ ȏȖȘȒȖțȝȈ ȕȈ șȖȉȈȒț ȗȖȒȖȘȕȐȞț ȕȈ ȒȖȠȒț ȗȘȖȊȖȘȕȐȞț ȕȈ ȔȣȠȤ-ȚȐȠȤ
ȕȈ ȚȖȋȖ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ Ȑ ȕȈ ȏȊȍȘȧ ȗȖȓȍȊȖȋȖ ȕȈ ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕȒț — ȋȓȈȏȤȍȝȓȖȗȒț ȗȍȘȍ-
ȌȘȈȏȕȐȞț ȕȈ ȌȐȒȖȋȖ ȏȊȍȘȧ ȏțȉȈșȚȖȋȖ Ȑ ȕȈ ȊȖȓȒȈ ȊȣȎȐȌȈȓț ȕȈ ȔȍȌȊȍȌȧ ȘȈșȚȖ-
ȗȣȘȦ ȝȖȚȤ ȕȈ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȚȐȋȘȈ-ȎțȚȤ ȐșȗȖȌȚȐȠȒȈ ȓȦȚȖȋȖ — ȊȖ Ȋșȍ ȕȖȘȣ ȊȖ ȓȦ-
ȉțȦ ȗȘȖȘȍȝț ȊșȧȒțȦ ȕȖȏȌȘȦ-ȡȍȓȤ — șȓȍȌ-ȒȖȗȣȚȤ ȌțȠȍ ȏȕȈȟȐȚșȧ ȌȍȉȘȐȚșȧ
ȊȣȓȖȎȍȕȈ
Ǩ ȚȖ ȍșȚȤ Ȑ șȕȖȊȐȑ ȗțȚȤ — ȗȓȈȊȤ ȗȖȓȏȤ șȒȖȓȤȏȤ ȊȏȓȈȏȤ ȟțȚȒȈȧ — Ȋ ȊȖȌȧȕȣȝ
ȋȓȣȉȈȝ Ȋ ȕȍȌȘȈȝ ȕȈ Șȣȉț-șȓȍȗȖȔȖȘȌț ȕȈ ȒȘȈȉȈ ȏȈȌȖȔȓȈȌȕȖȋȖ ȕȈ ȟȐȓȐȔșȈ-

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țșȈȟȈ ȘȈșȚȖȘȖȗț Ȓ ȚȘȍȗȈȕȋȍ-șȖȟȕȐȞȍ Ȋ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȋȖ șȗȘțȚȈ-ȔȕȖȋȖȓȈȗȈ ȕȈ ȒȈȗț-
șȚț ȕȍȗȘȐȚȘȖȋț ȕȈ ȐȕȈȒț ȗȓȈȊȈȦȡțȦ ȚȊȈȘȤ Ȋ ȗȖȌȒȈȔȍȕȕțȦ ȊȖȌȤ Ȋ ȕȣȘȓȐȊțȦ
ȎȐȊȤ Ȋ ȗȖȌȎȈȉȘțȦ ȟțȌȤ — ȊȖȓȕȈ ȌțȠȍ ȗȘȐȖȚȒȘȣȚȈ
Ǩ Ȑ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȚȈȧ — ȒȘȣȓȤȧ ȚȘȖȗȈ ȏȕȈȟȐȚșȧ ȕȈ ȔȍȓȦȏȋț ȔȍȓȤȒ ȓȍȚțȟțȦ ȕȈ ȔȖ-
ȠȒț ȘȈșȚȖȘȖȗȕțȦ ȕȈ ȔȖȠȒȈȘț ȕȍȗȖȒȖȑȕțȦ-ȚȘȍșȒȡȍȓȒțȟțȦ ȕȈ ȒȖȔȈȘȈ șȊȍȘ-
ȚȧȒȈ ȚțȗȖȕȖȋȖȋȖ ȕȈ Ȕțȝț șȖȕȤȓȈȒȖȔȒț ȕȈ ȎțȒȈ ȌȘȍȔȕȖȟȐȕȕȖȋȖ ȕȈ ȉȈȉȖȟȒț ȉȍș-
ȗȖȓȍȏȕȐȞț ȉȍșȗȍȟȕȐȞț ȕȈ șȚȘȍȒȖȏ ȗȘȖȊȖȘȕȐȞ — ȌțȠȍ ȗȍȘȍȗțȚȤ-ȓȍȚȤ-ȗȍȘȍȒȘȣȓȤ
ȗȖȗțȚȟȐȚșȧ
ǶȌȕȖ ȌțȠȍ șȕȐșȝȖȎȌȍȕȐȍ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȖ — ȕȍ ȖȌȐȕ ȗțȚȤ ȍȑ Ȉ — ȗțȚȐ
Ǩ ȌțȠȈ ȊȣȉȐȘȈȑ — ȒțȌȈ șȊȍȘȕȍȚ ȚțȌȈ Ȑ ȊȣȗȘȣȋȕȍȚ
ǵȍ șȈȔȈ— ȚȈȒ ȊȣȒȘțȎȐȚ-ȊȣȒȐȕȍȚ ș ȘȈȏȋȖȕȈ Ȋ ȉȘȦȝȖ ȒȈȒȖȍ ȘȈȏȉțȝȈȦȡȍȍ ȖȚ
ȗȓȖȌȈ ȐȓȤ Ȋ ȧȑȞȖ Ȋ ȗȓȖȌ Ȋ șȍȔȤ ȐȒȘț — Ȋ ȔȍȚȤ ȒȈȒțȦ Ȋ șȒȐȌȤ șȕȖș — Ȋ ȗȓȖȌȤ
ȗȖȗțȚȕțȦ
ǪȣȊȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȑșȧ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȐȟȍȒ ȕȈ ȎȐȏȕȤ șȣȏȕȖȊȈ ȒȈȕȐȚȍȓȐȚȤșȧ ȌȈ ȗȓȖȌȐȚȤșȧ
ȕȈ ȚȖȑ Ȏȍ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȗȖȌ ȚțȚȖȠȕȐȔ șȖȓȕȣȠȒȖȑ
ǺȈȒȖȊ ȕȈȒȈȏ ȉȖȋȖȊȐȑ
ǰ ȊȖȚ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȗȖșȓȍ ȔȕȖȋȐȝ ȓȍȚ ȒȖȋȌȈ ǹȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ ȖȒȘȍȗ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȖ ȊȖȏȔț-
ȎȈȓ Ȑ ȖȉȏȈȊȍȓșȧ șȊȖȐȔ ȝȖȏȧȑșȚȊȖȔ — ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȍȔț șȓȖȊȖ Ȋ șȓȖȊȖ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓȐșȤ
ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣ ȗȖțȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȌȧȌȐ Dzț-Ȧȕ-șțȕȈ Ȗ ȌȖȓȋȍ
ǰ ȊȖȚ ȗȖȟȍȔț —
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȈ Ȍȕȧȝ ǹȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ ȖȌȍȓ ȉȍȓȣȑ ȕȈȘȧȌ Ȑ Ȋ ȒȖșț Ȋȗȓȍȓ ȉȍȓȣȑ ȠȕțȘȖȒ
— țȔȍȘ ȗȖȟȚȍȕȕȣȑ ȓȦȉȐȔȣȑ ȌȧȌȦȠȒȈ Dzț-Ȧȕ-șțȕ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȏȈȔȍȕȧȧ ǹȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ
ȘȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȖȚȞȈ
ǰ ȊȖȚ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȕȍ ȌȈȦȚ ȗȖȒȖȧ ǹȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣ ȌȧȌȦȠȒȐ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ Ȗ ȌȖȓȋȍ
țȔȍȘȠȍȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ — ȊȍȌȤ ȕȍȌȈȊȕȖ ȕȍȏȈȌȖȓȋȖ ȌȖ șȔȍȘȚȐ Dzț-Ȧȕ-șțȕ ȒȈȒ ȕȈ-
ȘȖȟȕȖ ȏȈȕȧȓ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ Ȑ ȚȈȒ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȕțȓ ȊȖȊșȍ șȊȖȑ ȌȖȓȋ
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ǷȘȐșȕȐȓșȧ șȖȕ ǹȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ — ȉțȌȚȖ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȍȔț
— ©Ǩ ȌȧȌȧ-ȚȖ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȓ Țȍȉȍ ș ȌȖȓȋȖȔ — ȐȠȤª
ǿțȌȕȖ șȚȈȓȖ ǹȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ — Ȗȕ Ȑ ȗȘȖșȕțȓșȧ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏ Ȋ Țț ȔȐȕțȚț ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț
ȊȉȍȎȈȓ ȘȈȉȖȚȕȐȒ ȍȋȖ — ǫțȕ-Ȍȏȣ
ǪȗȖȗȣȝȈȝ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ǫțȕ-Ȍȏȣ — șȍȉȍ ȕȈȗȍȘȍȉȖȑ
— ©ǵȖȊȖșȚȤ ț ȕȈș ȝȖȏȧȐȕ — ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȒȖȉȣȓȒȈ ȎȍȘȍȉȟȐȒȖȔ ȘȈȏȘȍȠȐ-
ȓȈșȤª
ǰ ȗȖȉȍȋ ș ȘȈȉȖȚȕȐȒȖȔ Ȋ ȒȖȕȦȠȕȦ
ǩȍȎȐȚ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȗȘȐȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȍȚ — ȘțȒȈ ȕȈ ȋȘțȌȐ
ǵț Ȑ ȗȖȘȍȠȐȓ ǹȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ ȟȚȖ ȌȧȌȧ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȐȒ ȊȢȦȚȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȎȍȘȍȉȍȕȒȈ-ȚȖ Ȑ
ȧȊȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȌȊȖȘ — ȖȚȘȈȉȈȚȣȊȈȚȤ ȌȖȓȋ șȊȖȑ
ǷȖȘȍȠȐȓ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȎȍȘȍȉȍȕȖȟȒȈ ©ǬȧȌȍȑª ȗȘȖȏȊȈȓ

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©ǬȧȌȧª ȗȖȌȘȈșȚȈȓ Ȋ ȏȈȉȖȚȍ ȕȍȖȚȘȣȊȕȖȑ ǹȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȘȈȉȖȚȕȐȒȈ
ǷȘȐȒȈȏȈȓ ǹȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ ȒȖȘȔȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȚȉȖȘȕȣȔ ȖȊșȖȔ ȕȍ țȚȘțȎȌȈȚȤ ȓȈș-
ȒȖȑ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȚȤ șȓȖȊȈ ȕȍȎȕȣȍ ȗȍȘȍȉȐȘȈȚȤ ȓȈȌȖȕȤȦ ȗȖ ȔȖȘȌȖȟȒȍ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȚȤ Ȑ
ȗțȡȍ ȊșȍȋȖ Ȋșȍȑ șȒȖȚȐȕȒȐ ȉȍȘȍȟȤ ȝȖȓȐȚȤ
ǰ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȓȐ ©ǬȧȌȦª Ȋ șȚȘȖȑȕȖȋȖ țȊȍȘȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȒȘȈșȈȊȞȈ ȎȍȘȍȉȞȈ — ȕȈ ȊȖș-
ȝȐȡȍȕȐȍ ȊșȧȒȖȋȖ ȒȚȖ ȊȏȋȓȧȕȍȚ-ȏȈȋȓȧȌȐȚșȧ ȕȈ ȘȈȌȖșȚȤ ȌȖșȚȖȑȕțȦ ǹȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ
ǷȘȐȠȓȈ ȗȖȘȈ ȗȘȐțȟȈȚȤ Ȓ ȘȈȉȖȚȍ ©ǬȧȌȦª — ȕȍ șȚȖȐȚ Ȉ ȝȖȌțȕȖȔ ȗȓȧȠȍȚ ȉȍȏ
ȌȍȓȈ ȗȘȖșȐȚșȧ ȕȈ ȊȖȓȦ ȗȖȌȉȐȊȈȍȚșȧ
ǰ ȊȣȊȍȓ ǹȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ ȒȖȕȧ ȕȈ ȗȈȠȕȦ
ǽȖȌȐȚ Ȋ ȗȖȓȖșȍ ǹȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ ȏȈ ©ǬȧȌȍȑª țȓȣȉȈȍȚșȧ ȘȈȌțȍȚșȧ — ȟȚȖ ȏȈ ȒȖȕȤ
— DzȈȒ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȋșȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȍȚ ȒȖ ȊșȍȔț ȌȖȋȈȌȣȊȈȍȚșȧ Ȑ ȖȉȖȑȌȍȚ ȋȌȍ șȓȍȌ Ȗș-
ȚȈȕȖȊȐȚșȧ-ȚȖ ȊȖȊȘȍȔȧ Ȑ șȊȍȘȕȍȚ ȚȖȓȒȖȔ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏ ț ȔȍȎȐ — ȕȐȒȈȒ ȕȈ ȟțȎȤ șȖ-
șȍȌȖȊț ȕȍ ȗȍȘȍșȚțȗȐȚ Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȖȔȕȍȚ ȟȍȋȖ ȔȧȚȤ — ȕȍ ȌȍȓȖ Ȑ ȕȍȚ Ȋ ȕȍȔ țșȚȈȓȐ ǵț
ȚȈȒȖȑ ȒȖȕȤ ȓȈȌȕȖȑ. șȚȍȗȍȕȕȈȧ ȚȊȈȘȤ. ȕȍ ȒȖȕȤ Ȉ — ȕȈȝȖȎȌȍȕȐȍ
ǷȖȌȖȑȌȐ ȒȚȖ ȟțȎȖȑ ȕȍ ȚȈȒ — ș ȖȉȐȌȖȦ — Ȑ ȕȍ ȖȚșȚțȗȐȚșȧ țȝȖȔ ȕȍ ȌȖȚȘȖ-
ȕȍȚșȧ — ȕȍ ȌȘȖȋȕȍȚ — ȒțȌȣ — ȕȍȚ Ǩ ȊȖȚ șȒȈȎȐ ȓȈșȒȖȊȖ ș șȍȘȌȞȍȔ ©ȖȚȖȑȌȐ
©ǬȧȌȦȠȒȈª — Ȑ ȖȚȖȑȌȍȚ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕȒț șȔȖȚȘȐȚ ȕȈȚȧȕțȚȖ ȊȣȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȧ — ©ȕȍ ȕȈ-
ȌȖȚȤ Ȍȍ ȍȡȍ ȟȍȋȖ"ª ©ǵȈȏȈȌ ǬȧȌȤȒȈª — Ȑ ȖȚșȚțȗȐȚ ȗȖȊȍȘȕȍȚșȧ ȒȈȒ ȕȈȌȖ ǺȈ-
ȒȈȧ ȚȊȈȘȤ șțȘȈȏȕȈȧ
ǿȚȖ Ȑ ȏȈ ȒȖȕȤ ǰ ȊșȧȒ ȌȐȊț ȌȐȊțȍȚșȧ ǹȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ ȗȖȝȓȖȗȣȊȈȦȚ ȏȈ ȒȖȕȧ ȖȌȖȉ-
ȘȧȦȚ
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ǯȈșțȍȚȐȓșȧ ȒȈȒ ȚȖ ǹȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ ȕȈ ȧȘȔȈȘȒț — ȟȍȘȍȏ ȌȊȈ șȍȓȈ ȖȉȢȧȊȓȧȓȈșȤ
DzȖȉȣȓȈ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏ ȏȈȕȍȔȖȋȓȈ — ȗȈșȔțȘȕȐȚșȧ ȕȍȔȖȎȍȚșȧ — ȒțȌȈ ȚȈȔ ȟȍȘȍȏ
ȌȊȈ șȍȓȈ ȕȈ șȍȓȖ ȕȍ ȌȖșȒȈȟȍȚ.
— ©ǵț — ȌțȔȈȍȚ ǹȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ ©ȟȚȖ ȏȈȌțȔȣȊȈȚȤșȧ — ©ǬȧȌȦª ȊȗȘȧȋț ȝȖȚȤ Ȑ ȌȈȓȤ
— ȗȘȐșȚȈȕȍȚ ǬȧȌȦȠȒȈ ȟȚȖ Ȏ șȚȈȕȍȠȤ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȒȖȓȤ ȕȈ ©ȕȈȌȖª țȋȖȘȈȏȌȐȓȖ».
ǺȈȒ ȗȖ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȍ Ȑ ȌȖȊȍȓȖșȤ ș ©ǬȧȌȍȦª ȕȈ ȧȘȔȈȘȒț șȢȍȝȈȚȤ
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ǪȒȘțȋ ȗȘȐȗȖșȍȓȒȖȊȖȋȖ ȒȖȓȖȌȞȈ ȕȈ ȗȖȓȍ ȗȖȘȈșȗȈȝȕțȓȈșȤ ȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ ȉȖȑȒȈȧ
ȧȘȔȈȘȒȈ — ȕȈ ȋȖȌț ȗȍȘȊȈȧ
ǵȈȘȖȌț — ȕȐ ȗȘȖȑȚȐ ȕȐ ȗȘȖȍȝȈȚȤ
ǸȈșȗȘȧȋ ǹȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ ȗȍȘȍȌȣȠȈȚȤ ©ǬȧȌȦª Ȑ ȚȈȒ ȗțșȚȐȓ ȉȍȏ ȗȘȐȊȧȏȐ — țȎ ȉȖ-
ȓȤȕȖ ȕȈȌȍȧȓșȧ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ©ȕȐȒȈȒȐȝ ȝȓȖȗȖȚ ȕȍ ȌȖȗțșȚȐȚ —- țȔȕȈȧ ȒȖȕȤª — ȌțȔȈȓ
ǹȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ

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ǰ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȗȍȘȍșȚțȗȈȧ Ȋ șțȚȖȓȖȒȍ ȗȘȖȔȍȎ ȓȦȌȍȑ Țȍȓȍȋ Ȑ
ȚȖȊȈȘȖȊ ȊșȧȒȐȝ ȏȈȗȘȖșȚȖ ȗȖ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȕȈȒȐȌȈȕȕȣȝ ȏȈȝȖȌȐȓ ©ǬȧȌȧª ȊȈȎȕȖ ȚȈȒ
ȗȖ ȧȘȔȈȘȒȍ șȓȖȊȕȖ Ȓ ȟȍȔț ȚȖ ȗȘȐȞȍȕȐȚȤșȧ ȎȍȓȈȧ
dzȦȌȐ ȌȐȊȧȚșȧ ȚȖȓȒțȦȚ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ
— ©dzȈȌȕȖȑ ȒȖȕȤª —
— ©ǬȖȉȘȣȑ ȒȖȕȤ!» —
— ©DzȘȍȗȒȖȑ ȒȖȕȤª —
ǺȈȒ șȖ Ȋșȍȝ șȚȖȘȖȕ Ȑ șȣȗȓȍȚșȧ
ǺȖȚ Ȋ ȏțȉȣ ȏȈȋȓȧȌȐȚ
ǰȕȖȑ ȗȖ ȔȖȘȌȍ Ȓ ȕȖȏȌȘȍ ȘȈșȚȖȗȣȘȍȕȕȖȑ ȓȈȌȖȕȤȦ ȗȘȖȊȍȌȍȚ
ȅȚȖȚ ȠȓȍȗȕȍȚ ȓȦȉȧ ȗȖ ȏȈȌȕȐȞȍ — ȖȗȘȖȒȐȕțȚȖȑ ȗȧȚȍȘȕȍȑ ȒȖșȚȧȠȒȈȔȐ
Ǩ ȊȖȚ Ȑ ȖȊșȈ Ȋ ȋȖȘșȚȖȟȒȍ Ȓ ȏțȉȈȔ șțȕțȚ
— ©ǵȍ ȗȘȖȌȈȎȕȣȑ ȓȐ ȒȖȕȧȋȈ"ª
— ©ǬțȘȕȖȑ ȗȘȖȌȈȊȈȚȤ ȚȈȒȖȋȖª
ǻȊȓȍȒșȧ ǹȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ ȏȈȒțȗȒȈȔȐ ȌȈ șȋȖȊȖȘȈȔȐ ș ȒțȗȞȈȔȐ ©ǬȧȌȧª Ȑ ȖȚșȚȈȓ ȖȚ
ȕȍȋȖ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț
ǰ ȕȍ ȌțȔȈȍȚ Ȗ ȒȖȕȍ
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȌȘțȋ ȏȈȏȊȍȕȍȓȖ ȏȈȠțȔȍȓȖ ȏȈȚȘȍȡȈȓȖ — ȗȖȖȌȈȓȤ Ǩ ȗȖȚȖȔ — Ȑ ȒȘȐȒ,
Ȑ ȠțȔ ȕȍȓȈȌȕȣȑ ș ȚȖȋȖ Ȏȍ ȔȍșȚȈ ȘȈȏȖȉȘȈȓ — ȒȖȕȧ ȕȈ ȟȍȔ șȊȍȚ ȒȖșȚȧȚ
ǪȏȌȘȖȋȕțȓȖ șȍȘȌȞȍ ǹȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ — ȕț ȕȈ ȠțȔ
ǺȈȒ Ȑ ȍșȚȤ: ©ǬȧȌȦª ȏȈ țȏȌȍȟȒț șȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȍȚ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ Ȉ ©ǬȧȌȧª ȖȚȉȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ȗȖ
ȟȍȘȍȗȒȈȔ ȋȖȘȠȍȟȕȣȔ ȗȍȘȍȉȐȚȣȔ ȗȍȘȍșȚțȗȈȍȚ ȉȖȒȖȔ — ȕȍ ȌȈȍȚșȧ
Ǩ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȕȈȘȖȌ ȝȖȌȐȚ ȉȍȏ ȚȖȓȒț ȗȍȘȍșȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȧșȤ
ǷȘȖȗțșȚȐȓȐ ǹȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ Ȓ ȒȖȕȦ — țȏȕȈȓȐ — ȍȋȖ ȒȖȕȤ
ǵȍ țșȗȍȓ ȗȘȖȚȐșȒȈȚȤșȧ — ș ȒȘȐȒȖȔ ȕȈȓȍȚȍȓ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȋȖȘȠȍȟȕȐȒ șȚȈȘȣȑ ȏȕȈ-
ȒȖȔȣȑ Ȑȏ șȖșȍȌșȒȖȋȖ șȍȓȈ — ȒȖȘȧȊȣȑ ǪȈȕ-Ȋȍȑ
— ©ȅȚȖ ȚȊȖȧ șȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȠȤ" ȅȝ Țȣ ȗȍȕȤ ȘȈșȚȖȘȖȗȕȣȑ ǸȈȏȊȍ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȠȈȓȖ-
ȗȈȦ ȚȈȒȖȔț ȊȖȓȦ ȖȚȗțșȒȈȚȤ" ǫȖȓȖȊȈ ȚȊȖȧ șțȟȒȖȊȈȚȈȧ DzȖȕȧ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ șȗȍȓȖȋȖ ȗȖ
ȟțȎȐȔ ȚȖȊȈȘȈȔ ȝȖȏȧȑșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ ȌȖȗțșȒȈȚȤ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ȚȊȖȧ ȔȖȓȖȌȈȧ ǰȠȤ — Ȗȕ Ȋșȍ
ȔȖȍ ȌȖȉȘȖ ȘȈșȗȖȚȘȖȠȐȓ — ȚȘȐ ȋȖȘȠȒȈ ȗȖȡȈȌȐȓ ǷȖȗȓȈȚȐȠȤșȧ Țȣ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ȚȊȖȧ
ȏȈȠȚȖȗȈȕȕȈȧ — ǵȍ ȚȖ ȒȖȕȧ ȖȚȉȍȘț»
— ©ǵȍ ȒȐȗȧȚȐșȤ ǪȈȕ-Ȋȍȑ ǪȍȌȤ Țȣ ȕȍ ȒȖȕȤ — ȋȖȘȠȒȐ ȘȈȏȉȐȊȈȚȤ ǷȘȖȋȓȖȚȐ
ȕȈ ȔȐȕțȚț ȧȏȣȒ ȒȖȓȤ ȊȣȗȐȘȈȍȚ ȈȓȤ ȖȚȒțșȐ ȔȈȓȖșȚȤ ǿȚȖ Ȏ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ — ȏȈȗȓȈȟț
Țȍȉȍ șȗȖȓȕȈ — ȔȖȑ ȒȖȕȤ ǹȖșȟȐȚȈȑ ȘȈșȝȖȌ — ȏȈȑȔȐ ȧȏȣȒ ȟȚȖȉ ȏȘȧ ȕȈ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ
ȕȍ ȉȖȓȚȈȓșȧª
— ©ǵț Ȑ ȏȈȗȓȈȚȐȠȤª
ǫȖȘȠȍȟȕȐȒ ȗȘȐȕȧȓșȧ ȗȍȘȍșȟȐȚȣȊȈȚȤ Ȟȍȕț ȗȍȘȍȉȐȚȖȑ ȗȖșțȌȣ ǵȈșȟȐȚȈȓ șȍȔȤ
Șțȉȓȍȑ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȒȖȗȍȍȒ Ȑ ȊȣȔȖȓȊȐȓ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȖȋȖȘȟȐȓ ©ǬȧȌȧª ǹȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ ǹȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ Ȋȏȧȓ ȒȖȕȧ ȗȖȌ țȏȌȍȟȐȕț ȖȚȊȍȓ
ȗȍȟȈȓȤȕȖ Ȑ ȏȈȔȖȚȈȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ
— ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ ǬȧȌȦȠȒȈ Țȣ șȌȍȓȈȓ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ Ǫ ȒȈȒȖȑ ȘȈșȝȖȌ ȊȊȍȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ǶȚȌȈȔ
ȊȖȚ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ Ȑ ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȕȍȚșȧ ȕȈ ȗȖȒțȗȒȐ — ȚȈȒ ș ȋȖȓȣȔȐ ȘțȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȊȍȘȕțșȤ Ȋ
ȜȈȕȏț. Ȗȝ ǬȧȌȧ ǬȧȌȧ
ǷȖȌșȓȣȠȈȓ Ȑ ȏȈȓȦȉȖȗȤȋȚșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȋȖȘȠȍȟȕȐȒ
— Ǩ Ȓ ȟȍȔț Țȣ ȍȋȖ" ȌȧȌȍȑ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȠȤ" ǪȍȌȤ ȧ ș ȚȊȖȐȔ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȐȒȖȔ ȌȧȌȍȑ Ȋ

ȓȈȌȈȝ ȎȐȓ ǵȍ ȗȘȐșȚȈȓȖ ȖȉȐȎȈȚȤ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȐȒȈ — ȓȖȠȈȌȤȦ ȖȉȏȣȊȈȚȤ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ȚȊȖȧ
ȔȖȓȖȌȈȧ
ǹȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ ȗȖȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓ ǪȈȕ-ȊȍȦ Ȋșȍ Ȑ ȗȘȖ ȌȧȌȐȕȣ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣ Ȗ ȌȖȓȋȍ Ȑ ȗȘȖ
șȖȕ Ȑ ȗȘȖ ȘȖȎȌȍȕȐȍ ȌȧȌȤȍȊȖ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȎȍȘȍȉȞȈ
ǷȖȓȍȏ ȉȣȓȖ ǹȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ ȘțȒȖȦ ȏȈ ȗȖȧș — ȌȍȕȤȋȐ ȊȣȕțȚȤ ȕȖ ȋȖȘȠȍȟȕȐȒ ȊȌȘțȋ
ȖȉȔȧȒ șȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȏȈ ȘțȒț ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓ
— ǵȍ ȚȘțȌȐșȤ ǹȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ ȕȍ ȕȈȌȖ Ȕȕȍ ȊȖȊșȍ ȚȊȖȐȝ Ȍȍȕȍȋ ȇ ȊȐȠȤ ȚȊȖȍȔț
ȌȧȌȍ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȐȟȒț ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ ȕȍ ȊȣȗȓȈȚȐȓ Ȉ ȉȣȓ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏ  Ș  Ȓ
— ȒȖȗȍȍȟȒȈ Ȋ ȒȖȗȍȍȟȒț ǪȖȚ Ȗȕ Ȑ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ ȏȈ șȊȖȐȔ ȌȖȓȋȖȔ ȒȊȐȚȣ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ

ǾǮǿǽdzȅǮȀǮǻǻȉdz ȀǮǷǻȉ
ǺȖțȖȎȠȬȞȩ

67
ǮȍȕȡȐȕȈ
ȇ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȓȈșȒȈȓ Ȑȝ — Ȑ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȖȕȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȣ Ȕȕȍ ǭșȓȐ ȧ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȓ
ȕȈ ȔȐȋ ȚȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȓȈșȒȈȚȤ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ — ȐȉȖ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȔȖȧ ȓȈșȒȈ țȕȐȎȈȓȈ Ȑȝ Ȑ ȗȘȐȋȐ-
ȉȈȓȈ
ȇ ȞȍȓȖȊȈȓ ȕȖȋȐ ȒȖȓȍȕȐ ȎȐȊȖȚ ȘțȒȐ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȘȖȚ — Ȋșȍ ț ȎȍȕȡȐȕ ȕȖ ȕȐȒȖ-
ȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȞȍȓȖȊȈȓ Ȑȝ ȗȧȚȒȐ Ȑ ȏȈ țȠȈȔȐ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȗȖȞȍȓțȦ ȗȧȚȒȐ Ȑ ȏȈ țȠȈȔȐ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȉțȌțȚ șȒțȟȕȣ Ȕȕȍ Ȑ ȕȍ
ȕțȎȕȣ
ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ, ȧ ȗȖȓȦȉȓȦ ȋȖȘȉȈȚțȦ ȐȓȐ ȠȍșȚȐȗȈȓțȦ
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ǮȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȗȖȌ ȖȌȍȧȓȖȔ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȊȐȕȖȊȈȚȈ ȗȘȍȌ ȚȖȉȖȑ ȍșȓȐ Țȣ ȌțȔȈȍȠȤ ȔȖȓ-
ȟȈ — ǯȈȎȋȐ ȓȈȔȗț ȐȓȐ șȗȘȖșȐ ȍȍ Ȗ ȟȍȔ ȖȕȈ ȌțȔȈȍȚ ȅȚȖ ȍȍ ȖȚȊȓȍȟȍȚ Ȑ țȚȍȠȐȚ
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DzȖȋȌȈ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȏȍȊȕȍȚ șȗȘȖșȐ ȍȍ Ȗ ȍȍ ȓȦȉȐȔȖȔ ȞȊȍȚȍ ȗȓȈȚȤȧ — ȖȕȈ ȘȈșȚȍ-
ȘȧȍȚșȧ Ȑ ȗȖȓȦȉȐȚ Țȍȉȧ ȕȈ ȔȐȋ — ȌȖ șȓȍȌțȦȡȍȋȖ ȏȍȊȒȈ
ǺȖȋȌȈ Țȣ ȏȍȊȕȐ ȊșȓȍȌ ȏȈ ȕȍȑ Ȑ ȖȕȈ ȉțȌȍȚ ȘȍȊȕȖȊȈȚȤ Ȑ ȉȖȧȚȤșȧ Țȍȉȧ
Ǻȣ ȗȖȉȍȌȐȓ ȍȍ. —
ǴȖȎȍȠȤ ȚțȠȐȚȤ ȓȈȔȗț
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ǮȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȍșȓȐ țȔȕȈ — ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȈ ȐȓȐ șȒțȟȕȈ, ȒȈȒ ȗȍȕȤ

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ǻȔȕțȦ ȎȍȕȡȐȕț ȕȈȌȖ ȓȈșȒȈȚȤ ȗȘȐ șȊȍȚȍ
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ǮȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȓȦȉȧȚ ȓȦȉȖȊȕȐȒȖȊ ȒȖȋȌȈ Țȍ șȗȧȚ ǶȕȐ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȐșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȦȚșȧ
Ȓ ȕȐȔ ȎȈȌȕȖ Ȑ ȏȕȖȑȕȖ
ǹȗȧȡȐȑ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȈȍȚ ȎȍȕȡȐȕț ȕȖ ȖȕȈ ȉȖȐȚșȧ ȍȋȖ, ȗȖȒȈ ȕȍ ȖȋȓȧȕȍȚșȧ ȐȓȐ
ȕȍ ȘȈȏȉțȌȐȚ
***
Ǫ ȚȍȔȕȖȚȍ ȎȍȕȡȐȕț ȓȈșȒȈȍȠȤ ȐȕȈȟȍ ȟȍȔ ȗȘȐ ȓȈȔȗȍ
dzȈȔȗȈ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȔȍȠȈȍȚ Ȑ ȏȈșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚ ȌțȔȈȚȤ.
dzȈȔȗȈ ȏȈșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚ ȓȋȈȚȤ ȐȓȐ țȊȍȘȧȚȤ, ȌȈȎȍ ȚȍȓȖȔ
ǺȍȓȖ țșȚȘȈȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ȓțȟȠȍ ȟȍȔ ȌțȠȈ ǺȍȓȖ ȕȍ ȖȗȘȈȊȌȣȊȈȍȚșȧ Ȉ ȌțȠȈ ȌȖȒȈ-
ȏȣȊȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ
ǮȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȖȚȌȈșȚ ȚȍȓȖ ȓȦȉȖȊȕȐȒț Ȑ ȚȧȕȍȚșȧ Ȓ ȍȋȖ ȌțȠȍ Ǩ Ȗȕ ȊȖȏȤȔȍȚ ȍȍ Țȍ-
ȓȖ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȓȧȎȍȚ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȉȖȒ — șȗȐȕȖȑ Ȓ ȍȍ ȌțȠȍ Ȑ ȓȐȞț
ǮȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȗȓȈȟȍȚ
ǹȚȈȘȈȧ ȌȍȊȈ
ǹȚȈȘȈȧ ȌȍȊȈ ȖȚȘȈȎȈȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȍ
ǷȣȠȕȣȍ ȒȘȈșȕȖȊȈȚȣȍ ȊȖȓȖșȣ ȗȈȌȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȓȖȉ Ȑ ȖȚ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȓȐȞȖ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȕȍ Ȋ
ȔȍȘț ȟțȊșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ǹȐȕȐȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȋ ȚȍȔȕȣȝ ȘȈȔȒȈȝ ȊȍȒ ȋȖȘȍȓȐ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȍȔ ǵȈ ȡȍ-
ȒȈȝ ȧȘȒȖ ȘȌȍȓȐ ȓȍȗȍșȚȒȐ ȘțȔȧȕȞȈ ǫțȉȣ ȗȣȓȈȓȐ
ǪȖȠȍȓ ȦȕȖȠȈ Ȑ ȗȖȞȍȓȖȊȈȓ ȘțȒț șȚȈȘȖȑ ȌȍȊȣ
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DzȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȐ ȓȍȎȈȓȐ țȚȖȔȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȦȕȖȠȈ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— «ǯȈȟȍȔ Țȣ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȠȤ Ȗ șȊȖȐȝ ȓȍȚȈȝ ǷȖȊȍȘȤ Ȕȕȍ ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȣ ȔȖ-
ȓȖȌȣȍ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ — ȖȕȐ ȚȈȒȐȍ ȕȍȖȗȣȚȕȣȍ Ȋ șȚȘȈșȚȐ ǪȖȚ Țȣª..
— ©Ǩ Țȣ ȘȈȏȊȍ ȏȕȈȍȠȤ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ"ª
— ©DzȖȕȍȟȕȖª —- Ȑ Ȗȕ țȌȐȊȓȍȕȕȖ țșȔȍȝȕțȓșȧ Ȉ ȖȕȈ ȘȈȏȘȣȌȈȓȈșȤ ǶȚȖȠȓȈ ȖȚ
ȕȍȋȖ ǩȣșȚȘȖ ȖȌȍȓȈ ȗȓȈȚȤȍ. ǹȍȓȈ ț ȒȈȔȐȕȈ — ǯȈȌțȔȈȓȈșȤ
ǯȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ ȚȐȝȖ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ
— ©Ǩ ȧ ȌțȔȈȓȈ — Țȣ ȌȍȊșȚȊȍȕȍȕ ȇ ȝȘȈȕȐȓȈ șȍȉȧ ȚȈȒ ȌȖȓȋȖ ǴȖȧ ȟȐșȚȖȚȈ

69
șȚȖȐȓȈ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȌȖȘȖȋȖ — ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȎȐȏȕȍȑ ǻȔȐȘȈȓȐ ȊȓȦȉȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȗȖȚȖȔț
ȟȚȖ ȕȐȒȖȔț ȕȍ ȖȚȌȈȊȈȓȈșȤ Ǫșȍ ȔȖȍ ȖȟȈȘȖȊȈȕȐȍ șȒȘȣȊȈȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ Ȋ ȟȐșȚȖ-
ȚȍȆȕȖȠȈ șȔțȡȍȕȕȖ șȓțȠȈȓ ǪȌȘțȋ ȘȈșșȔȍȧȓșȧ
— ©ǪȖȚ ȊȐȌȐȠȤ Ȉ Țȣ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȠȤ Ȗ ȓȍȚȈȝ ǸȈȏȊȍ ȔȖȓȖȌȈȧ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ ȗȘȐȌț-
ȔȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖȍ ǵț, ȐȌȐ Ȏȍ — ȧ ȝȖȟțª
ǹȚȈȘȈȧ ȌȍȊȈ ȗȘȖȋȕȈȓȈ ȦȕȖȠț.
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ǿȍȘȍȏ ȟȈș ȖȕȈ ȞȍȓȖȊȈȓȈ ȋȘțȌȤ Ȑ ȉȍȌȘȈ ȦȕȖȑ ȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȤȕȐȞȣ ț ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȉȣ-
ȓȐ șȍȘȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȗȍȗȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȞȊȍȚȈ ȊȖȓȖșȣ Ȑ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȍ ȚțȋȐȍ ȕȍȘȈȏȉțȚȖȕȐȊ-
ȠȐȍșȧ ȋțȉȒȐ
DzȈȔȍȕȤ ȉȍȏȣȔȧȕȕȣȑ
Ǫ ȚȖȕȒȐȑ ȔȐȏȐȕȍȞ ȓȍȊȖȑ ȘțȒȐ ȊȌȍȚȖ ȒȖȓȤȞȖ ǽȘȐȏȖȓȐȚȣ ȖȒȈȑȔȓȧȦȚ ȒȘȈș-
ȕȣȑ ȉȍȏȣȔȧȕȕȣȑ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ
ǶȕȈ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ — ȒȈȗȓȧ ȒȘȖȊȐ Ȋ ȗȘȖȏȘȈȟȕȖȑ ȒȈȗșȦȓȍ
ǭșȓȐ ȍȍ ȉȍȓȣȍ ȘțȒȐ ȖȉȕȐȔȈȦȚ ȊȖȏȓȦȉȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ — ȒȘȈșȕȣȑ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ ȏȈȋȖ-
ȘȈȍȚșȧ ȧȘȟȍ Ȑ Ȉȓȣȑ ȖȚȉȓȍșȒ ȐȋȘȈȍȚ Ȋ ȝȘȐȏȖȓȐȚȈȝ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ țȔȘȍȚ — ȒȘȈșȕȣȑ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ ȗȘȐȔȍȚ ȞȊȍȚ ȍȍ ȋȓȈȏ ǰ ȚȘȐȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ șȓȍ-
ȌțȦȡȐȝ ȊȓȈȌȍȚȍȓȍȑ ȒȖȓȤȞȈ ȘȈȕȖ țȔȘțȚ ȖȚ ȉȍȏțȔȕȖȑ ȕȍțȌȖȊȓȍȚȊȖȘȍȕȕȖȑ șȚȘȈ-
șȚȐ Ȓ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȑ ȉȍȏȣȔȧȕȕȖȑ
ǷȖșȓȍ ȚȘȐȕȈȌȞȈȚȖȑ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ ȊȕȖȊȤ șȚȈȕȍȚ ȒȘȈșȕȣȔ
ǺȈȒ șȒȈȏȈȓ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȑ ȒȐȚȈȍȞ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȗȖȌȈȘȐȓ ȍȑ ȥȚȖ ȒȖȓȤȞȖ
ǻ ȕȍȍ șȐȕȐȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ
ǻȦȚ
ǩȍȓȣȍ ȠȚȖȘȣ Ȑ șȊȍȚ ȓȈȔȗȣ șȗțȋȕțȓȐ șțȔȍȘȒȐ Ǫ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȍ ȖȚȘȈȎȈȓȈșȤ ȋȖȓȈȧ
șȚȍȕȈ
— ǪȖȑȌȐȚȍ"
— ǻ ȊȈș ȚȈȒ ȕȍțȦȚȕȖ ǴȖȎȕȖ ȕȈ ȌȐȊȈȕ"
ǹȕȧȓȈ ȉȖȈ Ȑ ȠțȉȒț
***

DzȖȋȌȈ țȠȓȈ, ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ: ....
— ©ǭșȓȐ ȉ ȉȣȓȖ țȦȚȕȍȍ ȖȕȈ ȖȚȌȈȓȈșȤ ȉȣª ȕȈȌȖ ȗȖȊȍșȐȚȤ ȧȗȖȕșȒȐȍ ȞȐ-
ȕȖȊȒȐ ȕȈȌ ȒȘȖȊȈȚȤȦ Ȉ Ȋ țȋȓț — ȔȍȎȌț ©ǽȘȐșȚȖȔ Ȋ ȚȍȘȕȖȊȖȔ ȊȍȕȞȍª — ǫȊȐȌȖ
ǸȍȕȐ Ȑ ©ǩȖȋȖȔȈȚȍȘȤȦª ǴțȘȐȓȤȖ — ȗȘȐȊȍȠț ȘȖȏȖȊțȦ ȓȈȔȗȈȌȒț
ǷȘȐșȓțȋȈ ȊȕȍșȓȈ ȔȖȓȖȚȖȒ Ȑ ȋȊȖȏȌȐ Ȑ ȉȍȏȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȖ ȚțȗȖ șȒȈȏȈȓȈ
— ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȋȊȖȏȌȖȟȒȐ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȍ
ǯȈșȣȗȈȧ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȟȍȔȖȌȈȕȍ ȍșȚȤ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȘȐȋȐȕȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȖȜȖȘȚȖȊ
ǯȈ ȖȒȕȖȔ
ǪȖȚ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ ȖȗțșȚȐȓ ȊȍȒȐ Ȑ ȒȘȈșȒȐ șȚȣȌȓȐȊȖ ȊșȗȣȝȕțȓȐ ȕȈ șȍȘȣȝ ȓȖȝȔȈȚȣȝ
șȚȘȈȕȕȐȒȈȝ ȕȍȉȈ
ǹȕȍȋ ȉȓȍȌȕȣȑ șȐȕȍȊȈȚȣȑ ȓȍȎȐȚ ȕȈ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ ȗȍȘȍȘȍȏȈȕȕȣȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ țȔ-
ȟȈȊȠȐȔșȧ ȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȔ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȍȔ
ǹ ȋȖȓȖȑ ȊȍȚȒȐ ȉȍȘȍȏȣ ț șȈȔȖȋȖ șȚȊȖȓȈ șȊȍșȐȓȖșȤ ȒȈȒ ȘȈșȚȍȘȏȈȕȕȈȧ ȟȍȘȕȈȧ
ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȈ ȏȈȉȣȚȖȍ ȊȖȘȖȕȤȍ ȋȕȍȏȌȖ Ȑ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȖȌțȘȔȈȕȍȕȕȖȍ ȟȈȘȈȔȐ ȟțȚ-
ȒȐȝ șțȔȍȘȍȒ șȔȖȚȘȐȚ ȉȍȏȋȓȈȏȖȍ ȎȈȌȕȖȍ ȕȈ ȗȍȘȍȘȍȏȈȕȕȣȑ șȕȍȋ
ǪȖȚ ȕȈ ȌȖȘȖȋț ȊșȚțȗȈȍȚ ȓȖȠȈȌȤ ș șȈȕȧȔȐ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȌȘȖȊȈ ȌȊȍ ȒȖȘȏȐȕȣ Ȑ
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ș ȏȈșȗȈȕȕȣȔ ȓȐȞȖȔ — Ȗȕ ȌȘȍȔȓȍȚ dzȖȠȈȌȤ țȗȘȧȔȖ ȗȖȕțȘȐȊ ȋȖȓȖȊț
șȔȖȚȘȐȚ ȕȈ șȕȍȋ Ȑ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȖȕȈ țȋȘȦȔȈȧ ȕȍ ȝȖȟȍȚ ȗȖȌȕȧȚȤ ȋȖȓȖȊț — ȉȖȐȚșȧ
țȊȐȌȈȚȤ ȒȘȖȊȤ ȏȈȒȈȚȈ
ǷȍȟȈȓȤȕȖ Ȑ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ țȌȈȓȧȦȚșȧ, șȓȖȊȕȖ ȒȖȘȚȍȎ ȓȖȠȈȌȤ șȈȕȐ ȌȘȖȊȈ ȌȊȍ
ȒȖȘȏȐȕȣ Ȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ
ǰ ȒȘȈșȒȐ ȕȈ ȕȍȉȍ ȉȓȍȌȕȍȦȚ
ǵȖȊȣȍ ȠȘȈȔȣ ȕȈ șȕȍȋț ȍȓȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȕȣ — șțȔȍȘȒȐ ȒȈȒ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȡȐȒȐ șȉȍ-
ȋȈȦȚșȧ ȒȘȈȌțȚșȧ Ȑ șȒȘȣȊȈȦȚ Ȑȝ
ǹȕȍȋ ȚȍȔȕȍȍȚ

ȀǾǶ ǿǼǹǻȄǮ
ǶȟȠȜȞȖȖ ȚȜȓȗ ȟȚȓȞȠȖ

I
ǪȔȍșȚȖ ǹȖȓȕȞȈ Ȋ ȚȖȚ ȌȍȕȤ ȊȏȖȠȍȓ DzȈȘȈȊȈȑ ǽȓȍȉȈ
ǨȘȖȔȈȚȕȣȍ ȓțȟȐ ȏȈȓȐȊȈȓȐ ȏȍȔȓȦ
ǰ ȓȦȌȐ ȗȖȚȧȕțȓȐ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȑ ȘțȒȐ Ȓ ȕȖȊȖȔț șȖȓȕȞț
ǴȐȓȓȐȖȕȣ ȚȧȕțȓȐșȤ ȎȈȌȕȖ
ǽȓȍȉ ȒȈȘȈȉȒȈȓșȧ ȗȖ ȕȍȉț ȌȘȈȏȕȧ ȓȦȌȍȑ Ȑ ȊșȦ ȚȊȈȘȤ ȏȍȔȕțȦ.
dzȦȌȐ ȉȍȠȍȕȖ ȋȕȈȓȐșȤ ȏȈ șȖȓȕȞȍȔ Ȑ ȕȈ ȏȈȒȈȚȍ ȕȈșȚȐȋȓȐ ȍȋȖ...
ǸȈȏȕȍșȓȐ ȗȖ ȒȘȖȠȒȈȔ ȕȖȊȖȍ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȗȖ Ȋșȍȑ ȏȍȔȓȍ
<…> cȖȓȕȞȍ ȋȖȓȖȌ[ȕȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ]
II
Ǫ ȌȍȕȤ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ ȊȔȍșȚȖ ǹȖȓȕȞȈ ȕȈ ȊȖșȚȖȒȍ ȊȣșȚțȗȐȓȖ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȖ
Ǫ ȗȖȓȌȍȕȤ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȖ ȖȗȘȖȒȐȕțȓȖ Ȋ șȍȉȧ ȊșȦ ȏȍȔȓȦ Ȑ Ȋșȍȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ
ǵȈ ȏȈȒȈȚȍ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȖ șȚȘȧȝȕțȓȖ ȗȘȖȟȤ ȏȍȔȓȦ Ȑ ȓȦȌȍȑ Ȑ ȏȈȌȍȘȕțȓȖșȤ ȕȖȟȤȦ
III
Ǫ ȌȍȕȤ ȚȘȍȚȐȑ ȊȔȍșȚȖ șȖȓȕȞȈ ȊȏȖȠȍȓ ȒȈȘȈȊȈȑ ȝȓȍȉȈ ȖȚȘȈȎȍȕȕȣȑ Ȋ ȏȍȘȒȈ-
ȓȍ ǰ șȕȖȊȈ ȒȈȒ Ȑ Ȋ ȌȍȕȤ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȓȦȌȐ ȚȧȕțȓȐșȤ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ȉȍȠȍȕȖ ȋȕȈ-
ȓȐșȤ
Ǫ ȗȖȓȌȍȕȤ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȖ ȖȗȘȖȒȐȕțȓȖ Ȋ șȍȉȧ ȓȦȌȍȑ
ǰ ȓȦȌȐ ȚȡȍȚȕȖ ȊȋȘȣȏȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȝȓȍȉ ȖȚȘȈȎȍȕȕȣȑ
ǩȍșȗȓȖȌȕȖ. ǩȍșȗȓȖȚȕȖ..
ǵȈ ȏȈȒȈȚȍ ȓȦȌȐ ȕȈșȚȐȋȓȐ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȚȘȍȚȤȍȋȖ Ȍȕȧ
ǵȖ ȝȓȍȉ ȕȍȌȖșȚȐȎȐȔȖ ȚȈȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȍ
dzȦȌȐ ȊȚȈȡȐȓȐ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȖ ș ȖȚȘȈȎȍȕȕȣȔ ȝȓȍȉȖȔ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ
.
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.
ǰ ȊȍȒȈ ȋȖȘȧȚ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȖȊ ț ȏȍȘȒȈȓȈ ȕȈȌ ȝȓȍȉȖȔ
ǯȍȘȒȈȓȖ ȉȓȍȒȕȍȚ ȚțșȒȓȖ
ǷȓȍșȕȤ Ȑ ȘȎȈȊȟȐȕȈ ȊȣșȚțȗȈȦȚ Ȋ ȖȚȘȈȎȍȕȕȖȔ ȝȓȍȉȍ
Ǩ ȓȦȌȐ ȕȈȌ ȕȐȔ șȕȖȊȈ Ȑ șȕȖȊȈ
.
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ǹȒȖȔȒȈȑ șȍȘȌȞȍ Ȑ ȊȣȠȊȣȘȕȐ Ȋ ȊȍȒȈ
ǷțșȚȤ ȉȖȓȚȈȍȚșȧ ȗȖȌ ȘȍȉȘȈȔȐ ȉȍșșȔȍȘȚȐȧ...

ǻǮ ȅdzǾǻǼǷ ǻǶȀǸdz
ȆȡȠȘȎ ȝȜȘȜȗțȖȘȎ

74
— ǵț ȊȖȚ ȧ ȘȈșșȒȈȎț ȊȈȔ Ȗ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȑ ȠțȚȒȍ ȌȍȌȈ ǭȊȌȖȒȐȔȈ
ǿțȌȕȖȑ ȉȣȓ ȌȍȌȈ ȠțȚȕȐȒ Ȑȏ ȠțȚȕȐȒȖȊ ǷȖ ȋȘȖȉȖȊțȦ ȌȖșȒț ȕȍ ȔȖȋ țȋȖȔȖ-
ȕȐȚȤșȧ ȕȈȉȈȓȈȋțȘȐȚȤ ȌȖșȣȚȈ ǿȚȖ ȧ ȗȖ ȋȘȖȉȖȊțȦ ȌȖșȒț ǬȖșȒț țȎȍ ȊȣȚȍșȈȓȐ
ȋȘȖȉ șȒȖȓȖȚȐȓȐ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȋȖ — țȔȍȘ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȌȍȌȈ... — ȚȈȒ Ȗȕ Ȑ Ȋ ȋȘȖȉț ȗȖȒȖȑȕȐȟ-
ȒȖȔ ȕȍ țșȗȖȒȖȐȓșȧ.. Ȑ Ȋ ȋȘȖȉț
ǵȍ ȊȍȘȐȚȍ" ǺȈȒ ȊȖȚ ȗȖȊȍȘȐȚȍ
ǹȓțȠȈȑȚȍ
ǻȔȍȘ ȥȚȖ ȌȍȌȈ ǭȊȌȖȒȐȔ ǵț ȟȍșȚȤ ȟȍșȚȤȦ ȒȈȒ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȍȚșȧ — ȗȖȖȉȔȣȓȐ ȗȘȈȝ,
ȗȍȘȍȗȓȈȒȈȓȐșȤ Ȋșȍ ȚȈȒȖȍ ǹ țȚȘȈ șȒȖȕȟȈȓșȧ ȌȍȌȈ Ȉ Ȋ ȊȍȟȍȘ — ȒȈȒ șȍȑȟȈș ȗȖȔ-
ȕȦ — ȚȖȟȕȖ Ȑ ȕȍ țȔȐȘȈȓ ȊȖȊșȍ șȖȊșȍȔ ȒȈȒ ȎȐȊȖȑ ȓȍȎȈȓ ȕȈȠ ȌȍȌȈ Ȋ ȋȘȖȉȐȒȍ Ǩ
ȊȖȒȘțȋ — ǩȖȋ ȊȍșȚȤ ȖȚȒțȌȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ — șȚȈȘțȠȤȧ ȗȖȕȈȉȘȈȓȖșȤ ȚȖȟȕȖ Ȋșȧ ȖȒȘȍșȚ-
ȕȈȧ ȌȘȧȝȓȖșȚȤ șȊȖȐ ȔȖȘȡȐȕȣ ȗȘȐȊȖȓȖȒȓȈ Ȉ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȋȘȖȉȐȒȈ ȌȍȌȖȊȈ șȚȈȘțȠȐȑ
ȗȓȈȟ ȌȈ ȝȕțȟȤ ȝȖȌțȕȖȔ șȚȖȐȚ ȕȍȘȍȟȍȚ ȠȍȗȖȚȒȖȔ ȋțȓȖȔ ȕȈȘȈșȗȍȊȕȣȔ ȕȍ țȔȖȓ-
ȒȈȍȚ
ǰ Ȋșȍ-ȚȖ ©șȚȈȘțȠȤȍª ȗȍȘȍȗȘȍȓȖȍ ǺȖȓȍȟȒȖ ȧ ȖȌȐȕ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚțȠȒȍ — ȔȖȓȖ-
ȌȖȑ ȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȈ ȍȡȍ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ ȕȍȊȔȖȋȖȚț șțȚțȓȈȧ ȎȍȓȚȖȓȐȞȈȧ ȘȣȎȤȍȒțȞȈȧ —
ȕț ȗȘȧȔȖ ȓȈȔȗȈȌȖȟȕȖȍ ȔȈșȓȖ — ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ ȔȖȕȈȝȐȕȤȒȈ ǷȍȘȍȗȍȚțȧ ȝȖȚȤ Ȑ ȔȖȓȖ-
ȌȈȧ ȕȍ ȗȖ ȋȖȌȈȔ ȌȈ ȕȐ ș ȒȈȒȖȋȖ ȉȖȒȈ ȕȍ ȎȐȊȈȧ — ȕȍ ȎȐȊȤ Ȉ ȖȒȐșȤ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȤȧ...
ǯȈȚȝȓȈȧ ȒȖșȚȓȧȊȈȧ — ȕț ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȋȘȐȉȒț ȐȓȐ ȗȓȍșȍȕȐ ȕȈ ȕȍȑ ȕȍ ȏȈȊȖȌȐȚșȧ.. ǺȈȒ
ȊȖȚ ȗȘȖȔȍȎ șȚȈȘțȠȤȧ ȧ ȌȈ ȔȖȕȈȠȍȕȒȈ ǷȍȘȍȗȍȚțȧ Ȑȏ ȔȖȓȖȌȍȎȐ ȊȖȏȓȍ ȌȍȌȖȊȈ
ȋȘȖȉȐȒȈ ȗȘȍȍȔ ǷȘȈȊȌȈ ȉȣȓ ȍȡȍ Ȋ ȌȖȔȍ ǷȍȚȍȕȤȒȈ ȌȍȌȈ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȋȖ ǭȊȌȖȒȐȔȈ
ȊȕțȒ — șȖȊșȍȔ ȍȡȍ ȕȍȘȖșȓȣȑ ȔȈȓȤȟțȋȈ ȋȖȌȒȖȊ ȗȖȌ ȚȘȐȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ ǺȈȒ ȚȖȚ ș Ȗȉȍ-
Ȍț ȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ șȚȍȘșȧ ȊȖȊșȍ ȌȈ Ȑ ȚȈȒ ȕȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȓșȧ.. Dz ȚȖȔț Ȗ ȕȍȔ Ȑ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓȐ
— țȎ ȉȖȓȤȕȖ ȕȍ Ȓ ȓȐȞț ȉȣȓȖ Ȋ șȚȈȘțȠȍȟȤȍȔ ȋȕȍȏȌȍ ȗțȚȈȚȤșȧ ȒȈȕȐȚȍȓȐȚȤșȧ ȕȈ
ȗȖȒȖȑȕȐȒȍ..
ǺȍȔȕȖ ȚȈȒ... — Ȋșȍ șțȔȍȘȒȐ ȕȈ ȋȘȖȉ Ȋ ȖȒȕȈ ȊșȖȟȐȓȐșȤ... ȗȖȓțȔȘȈȒ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ
ȌțȠȕȣȑ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȑ ȏȈȚȝȓȣȑ ǺȍȔȕȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȓȈȔȗȈȌȒȈ ȔȈȧȟȐȚ ȉȈȦȒȈȍȚșȧ ȌȈ
ȚȘȐ șȊȍȟȐ ȏȧȉȒȖ ȊȏȌȘȈȋȐȊȈȦȚ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȕȍ ȜȐȚȐȓȤȒȐ Ȉ ȕȍȘȊȣ Ȋ ȖȋȖȕȤȒȈȝ ȒȖȘ-
ȟȈȚșȧ Ȑȏ ȚȍȓȍșȕȖȋȖ ȊȖșȒȈ ǹȊȍȟȐ ȔȍȘȍȡȈȚ ȊȏȌȘȈȋȐȊȈȦȚ Ȑ ȖȚ ȕȐȝ ȗȖ țȋȓȈȔ ȌȈ
ȗȖ ȒȘȖȗȖȚȓȐȊȣȔ șȚȈȘțȝȈȔ ȚȍȕȐ Ȑ ȗȧȚȕȈ ȎȍȓȚȣȍ — șȔțȚȕȣȍ ȖȚșȊȍȚȣ ȖȚȗȘȣȋȐ-
ȊȈȦȚ ȗțȚȈȦȚșȧ ȗȍȘȍșȒȈȒȐȊȈȦȚ.. ǹȔȖȚȘȐȠȤ — ȉțȌȚȖ ȚȍȔȍȕȤ Ȋ ȖȚșȊȍȚȈȝ ȒȈȒ ș
ȗȍȘȍȗțȋȈ ȍȎȐȚșȧ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȒȖȠȒȈ ȝȖȝȓȐȚșȧ șȎȐȔȈȍȚșȧ ȊȏȢȧȘȍȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȘȈșȝȖȌȐȊ-
ȠȐȔșȧ ȗșȖȔ.. ǮțȚȒȖ ȚȈȒ ȕȈ șȗȐȕȍ ȔțȘȈȊȤȐ ȗȖȏȈȊȍȓȐșȤ ȔțȘȈȊȍȑȕȐȒ ȕȈȓȈȎȐ-
ȊȈȦȚ..
ǺȍȔȕȖ Ȋșȍ ǺȖȓȍȕȤȒȐ ȌȍȌȈ ǭȊȌȖȒȐȔ ȖȌȐȕ ȖȏȈȘȍȕ șȖ șȊȍȟȍȑ... — ȕȖ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȒțȌȣ
ȕȍ Ȋȍșȍȓȍȑ
ǹȚȈȘțȝȐ ȗȍȘȍȠȍȗȚȣȊȈȦȚșȧ ȊȖȘȖȟȈȦȚșȧ ȗȖ țȋȓȈȔ ȓȖȒȖȚȧȚșȧ ȕȈ ȗȖȌȖȒȖȕȕȐ-
ȒȈȝ ȊȖȏȓȍ ȋȖȘȠȒȖȊ ș ȋȍȘȈȕȤȒȈȔȐ ȗȓȈȚȒȈȔȐ ȍȘȏȈȦȚ șȚȈȘțȝȐ ȝȕȣȟȈȚ ȐȏȊȐȊȈȦȚ-
șȧ ȕȖșȈȔȐ ȐșȚȍȒȈȦȚ ȌȍȘȋȈȦȚșȧ ǵț ȒȘȖȔȍȠȕȈȧ ȒȈȕȐȚȍȓȤ ȗȘȈȊȖ ǰ Ȋșȍ ȚȖȟ-
ȕȖ ȗȖ țȋȖȊȖȘț ȒȈȒȖȔț-ȚȖ ȒȓȈȌȉȐȡȍȕșȒȖȔț țȋȘȦȔȖȔț..
Ǩ ȔȖȕȈȠȒȈ Ȑ ȖȚȒțȌȈ ș ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȎȐȓȤȧ ȗȘȣȚȤ ȥȚȈȒȈȧ ȊȣșȒȖȟȐȓȈ" — ȚȍȘȍȡȐȚ
ǸȈȏȖȋȕȈȓȈșȤ ȋțȉȣ Ȋ ȗȘȐȗȓȧș ȗțșȚȐȓȐșȧ ȗȍȘȍȕȖȚȕȣȍ ȓȐșȚȤȧ ǷșȈȓȚȣȘȧ ȚȈȒ Ȑ
șȒȈȟțȚ Ȋ ȘȈșȒȈȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȗȘȣȚȒȐȝ ȗȈȓȤȞȈȝ ǴȖȕȈȠȒȈ ȕȍ ȟȐȚȈȍȚ Ȉ ȕȈȗȓȧșȣȊȈȍȚ
ȕȈȠȍȗȚȣȊȈȍȚ șȊȖȐȔ șțȝȖȋțȉȤȍȔ ȡȍȓȒțȟȐȔ ȇȏȣȒ ȉȍȏ ȒȖșȚȍȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȧȚ Ǩ ț ȕȍȑ
șȓȖȊȕȖ ȋȖȓȤȕȈȧ ȒȖșȚȤ ȏȈȔȍșȚȖ ȧȏȣȒȈ ȗȖ ȏțȉȈȔ ȚȍȘȍȡȐȚ.. DzȈȎȍȚșȧ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȐȒ Ȑ

75
ȚȖ ȕȍ ȊȣȌȍȘȎȐȚ ȥȚȈȒțȦ ȗțȓȍȔȍȚȕțȦ ȘȈșȚȖȘȖȗȤ
ǫȓȈȌȒȈȧ ȗȘȐȟȍșȒȈ ȔȖȧ — ȗȖȌ ȗȖȓȒț Ȋ ȍȎȐȒȈ ȕȖȘȖȊȐȚ șȖșȒȖȟȐȚȤ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ
ȊȖȓȖșȣ ȕȈ Ȍȣȉȣ ȓȍȏțȚ.. DzȖȎȈ ș ȋțȉ ȖȚ ȗȍȘȍșȖȝț ȚȖȋȖ Ȑ ȋȓȧȌȐ ȠȍȓțȠȐȚȤșȧ șȚȈ-
ȕȍȚ Ǯț-ț-țȚȒȖ-Ȗ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȕȍȊȔȖȋȖȚț Ǫ ȋȘțȌȐ — șȓȖȊȕȖ ȔȣȠȤ ȗȘȖȔȍȎ ȘȍȉȍȘ ȒȖ-
ȗȖȠȐȚșȧ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ șȍȘȌȞȍ Ȑ ȊȣșȒȖȓȤȏȕȍȚ ȕȈ ȗȖȚț ȗȖȌ ȗȖȧș..
ǵț ȌțȔȈȦ ȗȖȌȖȠȓȖ.. ǵȍ ȊȣȌȍȘȎț
DzȘțȋȐ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȚ ȋȓȈȏ ȘȈșȝȖȌȧȚșȧ.. ȔȈȚȖȊȣȍ ȚȈȒȐȍ ȎȍȓȚȣȍ ȠȍȘȠȈȊȣȍ ȒȈȒ
ȖȋȖȕȤ Ȋ țȋȈȘȍ Ȋ ȟȈȌț ȒȘțȋȐ șȒȊȖȏȤ șȚȈȘțȝ ȓȐȗȒȖ ȗȘȖșȚțȗȈȦȚșȧ ȖȚ ȋȓȈȏ ȔțȚȧȚ-
șȧ.. șȓȖȊȕȖ ȒȚȖ Ȋ ȋȓȈȌȒțȦ ȋȓȈȌȤ ȖȏȍȘȈ ȒȈȔȕȍȔ ȏȈȗțșȚȐȓ
ǵȍȚ ȌțȔȈȦ ǪșȚȈȕț ȖȚ ȌțȝȖȚȣ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȕȈȌȣȠȈȓȐ șȚȈȘȣȍ ȌȘȖȎȎȐ.. ȖȚ ȓȈ-
ȌȈȕȈ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ȕȍȓȈȌȤ ȊȧȏȒȈȧ.. ȚȧȎȍșȚȤ...
ǬțȔȈȦ Ȋ șȍȕȐ șȖȑȌț ȕȍ ȚȖ — ȚȈȒ ȘȧȌȣȠȒȖȔ Ȓ ȌȍȌțȠȒȍ-ȗȖȒȖȑȕȐȟȒț ȊȣȒȈ-
ȟțșȤ ȏȈșȚȣȕț..
ǷȘȐȊșȚȈȓ ȉȣȓȖ
Ǩ-Ȉ-Ȉ-Ȉȝ
ǪȖȚ ȚțȚ-ȚȖ Ȑ ȠțȚȕțȓ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȐȟȍȒ-ȚȖ — ȌȍȌȖȒ ǭȊȌȖȒȐȔ..
ǵț Ȑ ȕȍ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ...
ǻȎ ȚȈȒȖȍ.. ǵț ȗȖ-ȕȐ-ȔȈ-ȍ..
ǪȌȘțȋ ȌȍȌȖȊȈ — ȗȖȒȖȑȕȐȒȈ — ȘțȒȈ ȗȘȐȗȖȌȕȧȓȈ ȕȈȌȋȘȖȉȕȣȑ ȗȖȒȘȖȊ Ȑ ȏȈ-
ȝȖȌȐȓȈ ȔȍȘȚȊȈȧ ȘțȒȈ ȏȈ ȉȖȘȚȖȔ ȋȘȖȉȈ
Ǫ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ Ȋșȧ șȚȈȘțȠȍȟȤȧ șȊȐȚȈ Ȋ ȖȌȐȕ ȒȖȔ ȗȖșȍȘȍȌȤ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ șȗț-
ȚȈȓȈșȤ ȗȍȘȍȔȍȠȈȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȏȈȒȘțȎȐȓȈșȤ...
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȐȎț — ȖȌȕȈ ȔȖȕȈȠȍȕȒȈ ȖșȖȉȕȧȒȖȔ ȒȈȒ șȚȖȧȓȈ — Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ ǷșȈȓ-
ȚȣȘȤ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȗȘȐȓȐȗȓȈ Ȋ țȋȖȓ ȗȖȌ ȐȒȖȕȣ.. ǯțȉȈȔȐ ȊȣșțȕțȚȣȑ ȧȏȣȒ ȞȍȌȐȚ șȚȐ-
șȕțȓȈ.. Ȉ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȕȖȘȖȊȧȚ ȕȈ ȓȖȉ ȊȣȉȐȚȤșȧ — șȖșȒȖȟȐȚȤ
Ǩ ȌȍȌȈ-ȔȍȘȚȊȍȞ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȌȐȘȐȎȐȘțȍȚ ȊșȍȔ ȥȚȐȔ — ȗȖ ȊȖȏȌțȝț ȘțȒȖȑ ȗȓȈȊȕȖ
ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȚ..
DzȖȍ-ȒȈȒ ȒȚȖ ȒțȌȣ ȗȖȘȈșȚȈȓȒȈȓȐșȤ ȘȈșȗțȋȈȓȐșȤ șȚȈȘțȝȐ..
ǺȍȚȒȈ ǨȋȘȈȜȍȕȈ ș ȗȍȘȍȗțȋț ȊȣȝȊȈȚȐȓȈ Ȑȏ șȍȕȍȑ ȗȖȓȍȕȖ Ȑ ȕț ȗȖȒȖȑȕȐȟȒȈ
ȗȖȓȍȕȐȡȍȔ ȗȖ ȘțȒȍ ȝȓȍșȚȈȚȤ ȗȖȒȈ ȕȍ ȊȣȓȖȔȐȓȈ ȗȖ ȓȖȒȖȚȖȒ ȌȍȌȖȊț ȘțȒț ȔȍȘȚ-
ȊȧȋȐ.. ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚțȚ ȍȍ Ȑ ȖȚȚȈȡȐȓȐ șȗȖȝȊȈȚȐȊȠȐșȤ..
Ƕ-Ȗ-Ȗȑ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ
ǵț ȕȐȒȈȒ ȕȍ ȘȈșȗȖȚȘȖȠȐȚȤ ȧȏȣȒȖȔ-ȘȈșȚȖȗȣȘȍȑ.. ǵț-ț.. Ƕ-Ȗȑ.
— ǵȍ ȊȍȘȐȚȍ" ǺȈȒ ȊȖȚ ȗȖȊȍȘȐȚȍ
ǷȖțȚȘț Ȋșȍ ȊȣȧșȕȐȓȐ ȕȈ ȏȈȌȕȐȞȍ ǭȊȌȖȒȐȔȖȊȈ ȊȕțȒȈ ǻȎ Ȑ ȊȣșȍȒȓȐ Ȏȍ Ƿȍ-
ȚȍȕȤȒț ȝȖȚȤ Ȑ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȐȒ ȊȖȏȓȍ ȓȍȎȈȓ.. ȖȟȍȕȤ ȗȘȖșȚȖ...
ǶȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ-ȚȖ ȊȖȚ ȟȍ
ǫȘȖȉ ș ȌȍȌȖȑ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏ ț ȖȒȕȈ șȚȖȧȓ ǷȍȚȍȕȤȒȈ șȔȈșȚȍȘȐȓ ȡȍȓȖȟȒț ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓ
ȟȍȘȕțȦ ȕȐȚȒț ȗȘȐ ȓȈȔȗȈȌȖȟȕȖȔ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȐȐ Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȔȍȚȕȖ
 ǯȈȘȈȕȍȍ ȗȘȐȊȧ-
ȏȈȓ ȕȐȚȒț Ȓ ȌȍȌȖȊȖȑ ȘțȒȍ ȖȌȕȐȔ ȒȖȕȞȖȔ Ȉ ȌȘțȋȖȑ — ȊȣȚȧȕțȓ ȊȖ ȌȊȖȘ.. ǪȖȚ
ȒȖȋȌȈ șȚȍȔȕȍȓȖ ȊȖȊșȍ Ȗȕ Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȗȖȌȍȘȋȐȊȈȚȤ ȕȐȚȖȟȒț — ȕț ȘțȒȈ Ȑ ȏȈȝȖȌȐȓȈ..
ȖȎȐȓȈ ȔȍȘȚȊȤ
ǽȖȚȧ ǷȍȚȖȒ Ȑ țȊȍȘȧȓ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȌȍȌȖȊȈ ȏȈȚȍȧ ȟȚȖ Ȍȍ ȌȍȌ ȗȍȘȍȌ șȔȍȘȚȤȦ ȍȔț
ȥȚț ȠȚțȒț ȏȈȊȍȡȈȓ ȊȣȗȖȓȕȐȚȤ ȌȈ ȚȈȒ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȔȈȓȤȟțȋȈȕț Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȖȊȍȘȐȓ țȎ
ȉȖȓȤȕȖ șțȘȤȍȏȕȣȔ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȐȒ ȓȍȎȈ Ȋ ȋȘȖȉț Ȑ ȚȖȟȕȖ țȗȘȍȒ ȌȈȎȍ ȊȣșȚțȗȐȓ

ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȋțȉȈȝ ȗȖșȓȍ ȗȖȓȖȔȈȕȕȖȑ ȘțȒȐ...
ǷȖȟȍȔ ȏȕȈȚȤ.. Ȉ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ǷȍȚȤȒȈ ȉȣȓ Ȑ ȗȘȈȊ..
ǻȎ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȠțȚȕȐȒ ȉȣȓ ȥȚȖȚ ȌȍȌȈ ǭȊȌȖȒȐȔ — ȕț ȊșȍȔ ȠțȚȕȐȒȈȔ ȠțȚȕȐȒ Ȑ
ȚȖȔț ȠțȚȕȐȒ

ǽǼȅȀǼǰǮȍ ǺǮǾǸǮ
ǾȎȟȟȘȎȕ Ȗȕ ȟȜȐȞȓȚȓțțȜȗ ȭȝȜțȟȘȜȗ ȔȖȕțȖ

78
ǭȋțȟȐ-șȈȕ — șȚȘȖȑȕȈȧ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȐȞȈ
ǭȍ ȌȐȊȖ-ȗȣȠȕȣȍ ȊȖȓȖșȣ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȗȘȐȟțȌȓȐȊȖ-ȋȘȈȕȌȐȖȏȕȖ ȗȘȐȟȍșȈȕȕȣȍ ȖȚ-
ȓȐȟȈȓȐ ȍȍ ȖȚ ȗȖȌȘțȋ
ǵȍȖȉȣȟȈȍȕ ȉȣȓ Ȍȓȧ ȧȗȖȕȒȐ ȍȍ ȚȖȕȒȐȑ ȕȖș ș ȍȓȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȕȖȑ ȋȖȘȉȐȕȒȖȑ
DzȖȋȌȈ ǭȋțȟȐ-șȈȕ șȔȍȧȓȈșȤ ȐȓȐ ȘȈșȒȘȣȊȈȓȈ șȊȖȑ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȘȖȚȐȒ ȟȚȖȉȣ
ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ — ȕȈ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȣȝ ȉȍȓȖșȕȍȎȕȣȝ ȏțȉȈȝ ȍȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȐȋȘȈȓȐ ȌȘȖȉȐ-
ȓȐșȤ șȖȓȕȍȟȕȣȍ ȉȓȐȒȐ
ǵȈȘȧȎȈȓȈșȤ ǭȋțȟȐ Ȋ Ȑȏȧȡȕȣȍ ȞȊȍȚȕȣȍ ȒȐȔȖȕȖ ȘȈȏȘȐșȖȊȈȕȕȣȍ ȍȍ ȓȦȉȐȔȣ-
ȔȐ ȞȊȍȚȈȔȐ șȚȘȖȑȕȣȔȐ ȓȍȋȟȈȑȠȐȔȐ ȐȘȐșȈȔȐ ȗȣȠȕȣȔȐ ȔȖȝȕȈȚȣȔȐ ȝȘȐȏȈȕ-
ȚȍȔȈȔȐ ȐȓȐ ȕȍȎȕȣȔȐ ȞȊȍȚțȡȐȔȐ ȊȍȚȒȈȔȐ ǹȈȒțȘȣ Ǫ ȗȘȖșȚȖȘȕȣȝ șȒȓȈȌȒȈȝ ȠȐ-
ȘȖȒȐȝ ȗȖȌȘțȒȈȊȕȐȒȖȊ ȍȍ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȓȍȎȈȓȐ ȌțȠȐșȚȣȑ ȠȍȓȒȖȊȣȑ ȗȓȈȚȖȒ țȏȖȘȟȈ-
ȚȖ-ȘȍȏȕȖȑ șȒȓȈȌȕȖȑ ȊȍȍȘ Ȑ ȓȍȋȒȐȍ ȒȘȈșȒȐ Ȍȓȧ ȋțȉ Ȑ ȡȍȒ
ǶȚȍȞ ǭȋțȟȐ ȓȦȉȐȓ Ȑ ȉȈȓȖȊȈȓ șȊȖȦ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕțȦ ȌȖȟȤ ǬȈȘȐȓ ȍȑ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑ-
șȒȐȍ — ȚȈȒȐȍ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȍ Ȍȓȧ ǭȋțȟȐ — ȕȈȘȧȌȣ ȗȘȐȕȖșȐȓ ȘȍȌȒȐȍ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȣ ȒȕȐ-
ȋȐ ȌȖȘȖȋȐȍ ȉȍȏȌȍȓțȠȒȐ
ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ Ȗȕ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȓșȧ ș ȌȖȟȒȖȑ ș ȒȖȕȞȍȘȚȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȌȈȊȈȓȐ Ȋ ȈȕȋȓȐȑ-
șȒȖȔ Ȓȓțȉȍ ȗȘȖȍȏȎȈȦȡȐȍ Ȋ ǨȔȍȘȐȒț ȋȈșȚȘȖȓȍȘȣ
ǭȋțȟȐ-șȈȕ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȗȖȘȈȏȐȓȈ ȐȋȘȈ ȕȈ ȘȖȧȓȍ ǰ ȍȑ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ ȚȈȒȐȔȐ
ȐȋȘțȠȍȟȕȣȔȐ Ȑ ȕȍșȍȘȤȍȏȕȣȔȐ ȍȍ ȒȖȚȖ Ȑ ȠȈȔȐșȍȕ — ȐȕșȚȘțȔȍȕȚȣ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ
ȖȕȈ țȟȐȓȈșȤ ȐȋȘȈȚȤ ș ȌȍȚșȚȊȈ ȌȈȓȍȟȈȑȠȍȋȖ
Ƕ șȊȖȍȔ ȘȈȏȖȟȈȘȖȊȈȕȐȐ Ȋ ȘȖȌȕȣȝ ȐȕșȚȘțȔȍȕȚȈȝ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓȈ ș ȉȖ-
ȓȤȦ ȖȚȞț
ǪșȒȖȘȍ Ȋ ȌȍȕȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ ǭȋțȟȐ-șȈȕ ȐșȗȖȓȕȐȓȖșȤ ȊȖșȍȔȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȓȍȚ Ȋ Ȑȝ ȉț-
ȔȈȎȕȣȑ Ȑȏȧȡȕȣȑ ȌȖȔȐȒ ȕȈ ȋȖȘȍ, ȔȕȖȋȖ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȊȕȍșȓȐ ȋȘȖȔȖȏȌȒȐȑ ȟȍȘȕȣȑ
ȘȖȧȓȤ Ȑ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȝȘțȗȒȐȍ ȎȍȓȚȣȍ ȞȐȕȖȊȒȐ — Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ
Ǫ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ǭȋțȟȐ-șȈȕ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȖȔȈ — ȖȕȈ țȝȖȌȐȓȈ ȗȖȒțȗȈȚȤ ©ǹȈȒȈȕȖ-ȗȈȕª
— ȒȖȘȔ Ȍȓȧ Șȣȉ
ǰȝ ȉȣȓȖ ȔȕȖȋȖ — ȏȖȓȖȚȣȝ Ȑ ȟȍȘȕȣȝ Șȣȉ Ȑ ȖȕȐ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȘȍȏȊȐȓȐșȤ ȗȖȌ ȍȍ ȖȒ-
ȕȖȔ Ȋ ȠȐȘȖȒȖȔ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȍȕȕȖȔ ȗȘțȌț
ǹ ȗȖȒțȗȒȖȑ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ ȊȖȠȓȈ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ Ȋ șȈȌ ȕȍȎȕȖ-ȗȘȐȊȍȚȓȐȊȖ ȖȋȓȧȌȍȓȈ ȘȈȏ-
ȕȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȍ ȧȘȒȐȍ ȞȊȍȚȣ ȈȗȍȓȤșȐȕȖȊȣȍ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȧ Ȑ ȒȈȘȓȐȒȖȊȣȍ șȖșȍȕȒȐ ȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȧ șțȌȖȘȖȎȕȖ Ȑ ȞȍȗȒȖ ȓȍȗȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȗȘȐȟțȌȓȐȊȣȝ ȒȈȔȍȕȤȧȝ-ȖșȚȘȖȊȒȈȝ ȗȘțȌȈ
ǬȍȊțȠȒȈ ȘȈșȒȘȖȠȐȓȈ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȍ ȒțșȒȐ șȈȒȈȕȖ-ȗȈȕ Ȑ șȚȈȓȈ ȠȈȓȖȊȓȐȊȖ ȉȘȖ-
șȈȚȤ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȍ ȒțșȖȟȒȐ ȘȣȉȈȔ
ǭȍ șȔȍȠȐȓȈ Ȑ ȏȈȉȈȊȓȧȓȈ ȊȍȟȕȈȧ ȉȖȘȤȉȈ ȟȍȘȕȣȝ ș ȏȖȓȖȚȣȔȐ — Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȗȐȡȐ
ǯȖȓȖȚȣȝ Șȣȉ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȖ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ — ȒȘțȗȕȍȍ ȗȘȖȎȖȘȓȐȊȍȑ Ȑ șȐȓȤȕȍȍ ǯȖȓȖ-
ȚȣȔ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȌȖșȚȈȊȈȓȖșȤ
ǭȋțȟȐ-șȈȕ șȔȍȧșȤ ȖȉȍȎȈȓȈ ȗȘțȌ Ȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȖȌȖȠȓȈ Ȓ ȖȒȕț ȟȚȖȉȣ ȊȏȧȚȤ șȍȚ-
Ȓț ȕȈ ȌȓȐȕȕȖȑ ȉȈȔȉțȒȖȊȖȑ ȗȈȓȒȍ — ȥȚȖȑ șȍȚȒȖȑ ȖȕȈ ȖȚȋȖȕȧȓȈ ȏȓȣȝ ȟȍȘȕȣȝ
Șȣȉ ȖȚ ȗțȋȓȐȊȣȝ ȏȖȓȖȚȣȝ
ǷȖȌȖȠȓȈ Ȓ ȖȒȕț ǪșȒȘȐȒȕțȓȈ Ȑ ȏȈȔȍȘȓȈ ǵȈ ȡȍȒȈȝ ȊȣșȚțȗȐȓȐ ȗțȕȞȖȊȣȍ
ȒȘȈȗȐȕȒȐ ȘțȔȧȕȞȈ
ǸȈșȒȘȣȚȣȑ ȘȖȧȓȤ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȍȑ Ȋ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȑ șȒȘȖȔȕȖȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȚȖ
ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȣȔ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍȔ ș ȖșȒȈȓȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȏțȉȈȔȐ — ȘȧȌȖȔ ȒȓȈȊȐȠȍȑ
ǯȈȉȣȓȈ Ȗ ȘȣȉȒȈȝ ȗȖȉȍȎȈȓȈ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȌȐȒȖ ȗȘȐșȒȈȒȐȊȈȧ Ȓ ȖȚȞț Ȑ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘ-

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ȕȈȧ șȚȈȓȈ ȋȓȈȌȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ șȍȌțȦ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȔȖȘȡȐȕȐșȚȣȍ șțȝȐȍ ȡȍȒȐ
***
ǪșȦ ȕȖȟȤ ȕȍ șȗȈȓȈ ǭȋțȟȐ
dzȖȎȐȓȈșȤ ȕȖ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ ȉȍȘȍȎȕȖ ȖȚȘȣȊȈȓȈ ȠȍȦ ȖȚ ȗȖȌțȠȒȐ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȍ Ȑș-
ȗȖȘȚȐȚȤ ȗȘȐȟȍșȒȐ Ȑ ȚȐȝȖ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȏȈȋȈȌȖȟȕȖ țȓȣȉȈȧșȤ ȠȓȈ Ȓ ȘȖȧȓȦ
ǬȓȐȕȕȣȔȐ ȝȘțȗȒȐȔȐ ȗȈȓȤȟȐȒȈȔȐ ȍȌȊȈ ȒȈșȈȓȈșȤ ȒȓȈȊȐȠȍȑ Ȑ ȏȈȔȐȘȈȓȈ Ȋ
ȕȍșȒȈȏȈȕȕȖȔ ȊȖșȚȖȘȋȍ ǪșȓțȠȐȊȈȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȟȍȚȒȐȍ ȚȈȒȐȍ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȣȍ ȕȍȊȐȌȐȔȣȍ
ȏȊțȒȐ.
ǪȌȘțȋ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓȈ ȏȈȉȣȚȣȍ ȒȖȚȖ Ȑ ȠȈȔȐșȍȕ
ǻȓȣȉȕțȓȈșȤ șȈȔȈ șȍȉȍ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȔȈȕȍȘȕȖ-șȍȘȤȍȏȕȖ ǷȖȌȖȠȓȈ Ȓ ȘȖȌȕȣȔ Ȋȍ-
ȡȈȔ — șȗțȚȕȐȒȈȔ ȌȍȚșȚȊȈ ȌȈȓȍȟȈȑȠȍȋȖ
ǯȈȒțȚȈȓȈ ȐȕșȚȘțȔȍȕȚȣ Ȋ ȟȍȘȕțȦ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȦ ǺȖȘȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȔȕȖȋȖȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖ ȖȚȕȍșȓȈ șȊȍȘȚȖȒ Ȋ țȋȖȓ Ȑ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȓȈ ț ȖȌȕȖȑ Ȑȏ ȕȖȎȍȒ ȘȖȧȓȧ
ǸȈȏȌȊȐȕțȓȈ ȉțȔȈȎȕțȦ șȚȍȕț Ȑ ȌȖȓȋȖ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȈ ȕȈ ȌȈȓȍȒȐȍ ȖȋȕȐ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ Ȑ Șȍȑ-
ȌȈ ǫȖȘȕȣȑ ȌțȠȐșȚȣȑ ȊȍȚȍȘȖȒ ȓȈșȒȈȓ ȍȍ ȗȣȓȈȦȡȍȍ ȓȐȞȖ Ȑ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȕȈȗȘȈș-
ȕȖ șȐȓȐȓșȧ șȗțȚȈȚȤ ȊȖȓȖșȣ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ șȝȊȈȟȍȕȕȣȍ ȟȍȘȍȗȈȝȖȊȣȔ ȋȘȍȉȕȍȔ ȒȖșȖ-
ȗȓȍȚȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȉțȓȈȊȒȈȔȐ ș ȒȖȘȈȓȓȖȊȣȔȐ ȋȖȓȖȊȒȈȔȐ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȕȈ ȘȈșșȊȍȚȍ ȏȈșȕțȓȈ ǭȋțȟȐ-șȈȕ ȍȑ șȕȐȓȐșȤ șȈȔȣȍ ȕȍȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȣȍ ȗȘȐ-
ȟțȌȓȐȊȣȍ șȕȣ
ǪȌȘțȋ ȘȖȧȓȤ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȖȑ ȟȍȘȕȖȑ ȚȍȕȤȦ Ȑ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ țȝȖȌȐȓ șȒȊȖȏȤ
șȚȍȕț Ȋ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȑ șȈȌ ǰ Ȋșȍ ȍȋȖ ȒȓȈȊȐȠȐ ȏȊȍȕȍȓȐ ȔȍȓȖȌȐȟȕȖ Ȑ ȔȖȕȖȚȖȕȕȖ
ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȗȘȖȡȈȧșȤ ș ǭȋțȟȐ Ȑ ȍȍ ȞȐȕȖȊȖȟȕȖȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȖȑ
ǰ ȕȈȗȘȈșȕȖ ǭȋțȟȐ ȚȧȕțȓȈ ȘțȒȐ țȔȖȓȧȓȈ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȕȍȉȖ șȎȈȓȐȚȤșȧ ȕȈȌ ȕȍȑ
ǸȖȧȓȤ ȗȘȖȗȓȣȊȈȓ ȗȖȌ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȧȔȐ Ȋ ȕȖȟȤ
ǯȈȔȐȘȈȓȐ ȏȊțȒȐ Ȑ ȚȈȧȓȐ ȗȖ Ȕȋȓȍ ǿȍȘȕȈȧ ȚȍȕȤ ȘȖȧȓȧ ȚȍȘȧȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȏȊȍȏȌȈȝ.
ǰ ǭȋțȟȐ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓȈ ȋȌȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȏȊȍȏȌȣ ȋȌȍ ȒȓȈȊȐȠȐ"
ǺȖ ȍȑ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ — ȉȍȓȣȍ Ȑ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ ȗȖȓȖșȒȐ-ȒȓȈȊȐȠȐ șȘȣȊȈȓȐșȤ ș ȘȖȧȓȧ Ȑ ȉȣ-
șȚȘȖ ȉȍȋȈȓȐ ȗȘȣȋȈȓȐ ȕȖșȐȓȐșȤ ȗȖ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȗȖ ȞȐȕȖȊȒȈȔ ȕȍțȓȖȊȐȔȖ șȒȖȓȤ-
ȏȐȓȐ ȗȖ ȍȍ ȖȉȕȈȎȍȕȕȖȔț Țȍȓț ȕȍȎȕȖ ȏȊțȟȈ ȕȈ Ȋșȍ ȓȈȌȣ...
ǭȋțȟȐ ȗȘȖȉțȎȌȈȓȈșȤ ȊșȒȈȒȐȊȈȓȈ Ȑ șȕȖȊȈ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȐȓȈ Ȓ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȔț ȟțȎȍȏȍȔ-
ȕȖȔț ȐȕșȚȘțȔȍȕȚț Ȑ ȘȖȉȒȖ ȗȍȘȍȉȐȘȈȓȈ ȚȖȕȒȐȔȐ ȗȈȓȍȊȣȔȐ ȗȈȓȤȟȐȒȈȔȐ ȓȈșȒȖ-
Ȋȣȍ ȉȍȓȣȍ ȒȓȈȊȐȠȐ
ǿțȚȤ ȏȈȐȋȘȈȓȖșȤ țȚȘȖ — ǭȋțȟȐ ȊȣȉȍȎȈȓȈ Ȋ șȈȌ șȖȘȊȈȓȈ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȞȊȍȚȖȊ Ȑ ȚȘȈȊ Ȑ
ȘȈȏțȒȘȈșȐȓȈ ȐȔȐ ȘȖȧȓȤ
ǵȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȚȍȞ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȍȑ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȗȖșȓȍ ȖȉȍȌȈ ȗȘȐȌȍȚ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕ-țȟȐ-
ȚȍȓȤ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȉțȌȍȚ țȟȐȚȤ ȍȍ ȐȋȘȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȔ ȐȕșȚȘțȔȍȕȚȍ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ țȉȍ-
ȎȈȓȈ Ȋ șȊȖȦ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț șȖȉȘȈȓȈ ș ȘȖȧȓȧ Ȋșȍ ȞȊȍȚȣ Ȓ ȚȘȈȊȣ Ȑ șȉȘȖșȐȓȈ Ȑȝ Ȓ ȗȘț-
Ȍț DzȖȋȌȈ ȗȖșȓȍ ȖȉȍȌȈ ǭȋțȟȐ-șȈȕ ȊȖȠȓȈ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț Ȓ ȖȚȞț ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕ țȎȍ ȉȍ-
șȍȌȖȊȈȓ ș ȕȐȔ.
— «Ǩȝ ȥȚȖ ȊȖȚ ȒȚȖ— “ǷȖȟȚȖȊȈȧ ȔȈȘȒȈ.”»

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ǰ ǭȋțȟȐ ȊȌȘțȋ ȘȈșșȔȍȧȓȈșȤ ȕȍțȌȍȘȎȐȔȖ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȏȈȉȣȓȈ Ȗ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊȐȐ ȟțȎȍ-
șȚȘȈȕȞȈ
ǶȕȈ ȏȕȈȓȈ ȍȋȖ țȎȍ ȌȈȊȕȖ
Ƕȕ ȎȐȓ Ȋ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑșȒȖȔ ȒȊȈȘȚȈȓȍ ȊȍȟȕȖ ȒțȘȐȓ ȚȘțȉȒț ș ȕȍȐȏȔȍȕȕȣȔ «caps-
tan» Ȑ ȒȖȗȖȠȐȓșȧ ș ȒȖȓȓȍȒȞȐȧȔȐ ȗȖȟȚȖȊȣȝ ȔȈȘȖȒ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȟȘȍȏ-
ȊȣȟȈȑȕȖ ȔȕȖȋȖ
ǫȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȔȐșȚȍȘ ǺȐȟȍȘ ȖȌȕȐȔȐ ȔȈȘȒȈȔȐ Ȋ ȉȣȓȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȕȈȎȐȓ ȒȘțȗ-
ȕȖȍ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍ ȏȈȊȍȓ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ Ȋ DzȐȚȈȍ ȖȉȠȐȘȕȣȍ ȟȈȑȕȣȍ ȗȓȈȕȚȈȞȐȐ ȕȖ ȊșȒȖȘȍ Ȏȍ
Ȋșȍ ȥȚȐ ȗȓȈȕȚȈȞȐȐ ȊȣȔȍȕȧȓ ȕȈ ȒȈȒțȦ-ȚȖ ȘȍȌȒțȦ șȚȈȘȐȕȕțȦ ȔȈȘȒț.
ǴȐșȚȍȘ ǺȐȟȍȘ ȉȣȓ ȍȡȍ ȔȖȓȖȌȣȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȔ ǵȍȘȍȌȒȖ ǭȋțȟȐ șȖ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȗȖ-
ȌȘțȋȈȔȐ șȓȍȌȐȓȈ ȏȖȘȒȐȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȏȈ ȍȋȖ ȥȕȍȘȋȐȟȕȖȑ ȗȖȝȖȌȒȖȑ șȚȘȖȑȕȣȔ
ȔțȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȚȍȓȖȔ Ȑ ȍȍ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȗȘȐȊȓȍȒȈȓȖ ȕȍșȖȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊȐȍ șȚȘȖȋȐȝ ȟȍȘȚ ȍȋȖ
ȓȐȞȈ ș ȔȧȋȒȐȔ ȓȈșȒȖȊȣȔ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ ȋȖȓțȉȣȝ ȋȓȈȏ
ǰȕȖȋȌȈ ȊȍȟȍȘȈȔȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ ȖȌȐȕȖȒȖ ȚȖșȒȖȊȈȓȈ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȧ Ȗ ȟȍȔ Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ șȈ-
Ȍț ȍȑ ȊȌȘțȋ ȊșȗȖȔȐȕȈȓȐșȤ ȋȖȓțȉȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȑ ȒȘȈșȐȊȖȍ șȐȓȤȕȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈ-
ȕȐȕȈ ǺȖȋȌȈ ǭȋțȟȐ-șȈȕ ȊȏȌȘȈȋȐȊȈȓȈ Ȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖ țȝȖȌȐȓȈ Ȓ ȖȚȞț...
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ǻȝȖȌȧ Ȗȕ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓ ȍȑ ȕȖȚȣ
ǭȋțȟȐ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȔ Ȋ ȍȍ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȉȣȓ ȟțȎȍșȚȘȈȕȍȞ Ȑ ȕȐȒȖȋȖ ȕȍ
ȉȣȓȖ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȍȍ ǵȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ ȕȍ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȊȈȓȈ ȚȖȋȖ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȧ ȒȖȚȖ-
ȘȖȍ ȖȝȊȈȚȐȓȖ ȍȍ Ȋ ȥȚȖȚ ȌȍȕȤ
ǻȟȐȚȍȓȤ ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓ ȚȈȒȐȔ șȚȘȖȋȐȔ Ȑ ȕȍȗȘȐșȚțȗȕȣȔ ȒȈȒȐȔ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȒȈ-
ȏȈȓșȧ ȍȑ ȐȏȌȈȓȐ Ƕȕ ȌȈȎȍ ȠțȚȐȓ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȧ ȍȍ — ȗȖ ȊȣȋȖȊȖȘț — ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȒȖȑ Ȉ
ȗȖ ȕȖșȐȒț — ȋȘȍȟȈȕȒȖȑ
ǺȘȐ ȘȈȏȈ Ȋ ȕȍȌȍȓȦ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓ Ȓ ǭȋțȟȐ ȔȐșȚȍȘ ǺȐȟȍȘ
ǰȕȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓșȧ ȗȖȌȖȓȋț Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ Ȑ Ȋ șțȔȍȘȒȐ ȐȋȘȈȓ ȌȐȊ-
ȕȣȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑșȒȐȝ ȒȖȔȗȖȏȐȚȖȘȖȊ
ǹȚȘȈȕȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ șȓțȠȈȚȤ ȔțȏȣȒț Ȋ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȐȋȘțȠȍȟȕȖȔ ȌȖȔȐȒȍ șȚȍȕȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȖ-
ȋȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȐ țȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȚȤ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȉțȘȕȣȍ ȗȖȚȖȒȐ ȏȊțȒȖȊ
ǬȍȊțȠȒȈ ȏȕȈȓȈ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȊȍșȤ ȖȒȘȍșȚȕȣȑ ȒȊȈȘȚȈȓ șȓțȠȈȍȚ ȐȋȘț ȍȍ țȟȐȚȍȓȧ
ǵȈȌȖȍȌȓȐȊȣȍ ȋȈȔȔȣ ǭȋțȟȐ ȘȈȏțȟȐȊȈȓȈ ș ȕȍȚȍȘȗȍȕȐȍȔ — ǭȑ ȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ șȒȖ-
Șȍȑ ȕȈțȟȐȚȤșȧ ȐȋȘȈȚȤ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ Ȑ șȊȍȚȓȖ ȒȈȒ țȔȍȓ ȐȋȘȈȚȤ ȍȍ țȟȐȚȍȓȤ
ǪȔȍșȚȍ ș ȘȈȌȖșȚȤȦ — ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȊȕȍșȓȐ Ȋ ȚȐȝțȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȘȈșȞȊȍȚȈȦȡȍȑ ȌȍȊț-
ȠȒȐ ȟȈȘțȦȡȐȑ ȘȖȧȓȤ Ȑ ȎȐȊȖȍ ȖȉȡȍȕȐȍ ș ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȣȔ ȟțȎȍșȚȘȈȕȞȍȔ — ȕȍȏȈ-
ȔȍȚȕȖ ȗȘȖȒȘȈȓȈșȤ Ȑ șȔțȚȕȈȧ ȚȘȍȊȖȋȈ
ǰȕȖȋȌȈ ȍȑ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȎȌȍȚ ȕȍ țȟȐȚȍȓȧ Ȉ ȓȦȉȐȔȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȅȚȖ ȗț-
ȋȈȓȖ Ȑ ȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȓȖ ȍȍ
Ǫ ȉȍșȍȌȈȝ ș ȕȐȔ ȖȕȈ șȚȈȓȈ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȍȍ ȘȍȌȒȖ șȔȍȧȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȍ ȟȐȚȈȓȈ
ȍȔț șȊȖȐ ȚȈȕȒȈ Ȑ ȝȖȒȒț Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȐȏȓȐȊȈȓȈ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ Ȓ ȒȘȈșȖȚȍ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȍ Ȑ Ȕț-
ȏȣȒȍ
Ǫ ȍȍ ȕȖȊȣȝ ȒȘȖȠȒȈȝ-șȚȐȝȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȧȝ ȗȖȧȊȐȓșȧ ȐȕȖȑ ȔȖȚȐȊ ȚȖșȒȈ Ȗ ȓȈșȒȍ Ȑ

81
Ȗ ȓȦȉȊȐ
ǶȚȍȞ ǭȋțȟȐ-șȈȕ ȗȖȌȘțȎȐȓșȧ ș ȔȖȓȖȌȣȔ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕȖȔ ȌȖȊȍȘȧȓ ȍȔț ȌȖȟȤ
ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȓ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȕȍȑ șȖȊȍȘȠȈȚȤ ȗȘȖȋțȓȒȐ Ȋ ȖȒȘȍșȚȕȖșȚȧȝ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ
ǬȍȊțȠȒȈ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȊȍȟȍȘȈȔȐ ȗȖȌȖȓȋț ȋțȓȧȓȈ ș țȟȐȚȍȓȍȔ Ƕȕ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣ-
ȊȈȓ ȍȑ Ȗ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑșȒȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ Ȗ ȊȍȓȐȒȐȝ ȒȖȔȗȖȏȐȚȖȘȈȝ Ȑ Ȗ șȊȖȍȑ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȖȑ
ȘȈȏȕȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ǰ ȊșȍȋȌȈ Ȗ ȟȍȔ ȉȣ ȕȐ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȕȍȐȏȔȍȕȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌȐȓ ȕȈ
șȊȖȦ ȓȦȉȐȔțȦ ȚȍȔț Ȗ ȒȖȓȓȍȒȞȐȧȝ ȔȈȘȖȒ Ƕȕ ȔȖȋ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȧ țȓȣȉȒȐ ȌȍȊțȠ-
ȒȐ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȍȕȕȣȑ ȉȍȏ ȒȖȕȞȈ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ Ȗ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȗȘȐȖȉȘȍȚȍȕȕȖȑ
ȈȘȋȍȕȚȐȕșȒȖȑ ȐȓȐ șȚȈȘȐȕȕȖȑ ȜȐȕȓȧȕȌșȒȖȑ ȔȈȘȒȍ ȅȚȈ ȟțȌȕȈȧ șȒȓȖȕȕȖșȚȤ ȏȈȉȈȊ-
ȓȧȓȈ Ȑ șȔȍȠȐȓȈ ȌȍȊțȠȒț
ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȧșȤ ș ȗȘȖȋțȓȒȐ ȖȕȐ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑșȒȐȑ ȒȊȈȘȚȈȓ
Ǫ ȥȚȖȚ ȊȍȟȍȘ ǭȋțȟȐ ȉȣȓȈ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȋȘțșȚȕȈ Ȑ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐȊȈ ǴȐșȚȍȘ ǺȐȟȍȘ
ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȓ țȚȖȔȓȍȕȕȖȑ ȌȍȊțȠȒȍ ȏȈȑȚȐ Ȓ ȕȍȔț
ǶȕȐ ȊȖȠȓȐ Ȋ ȗȘȖșȚȖȘȕȣȍ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑșȒȖȋȖ ȌȍȘȍȊȧȕȕȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ ǭȋțȟȐ-
șȈȕ ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȉȣȓȈ ț ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑȞȈ ǭȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȗȖȘȈȏȐȓȈ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȈȧ ȍȑ ȖȉșȚȈȕȖȊȒȈ
ǴȐșȚȍȘ ǺȐȟȍȘ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȓ ȌȍȊțȠȒȍ ȒȘȍșȓȖ Ȑ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȧ ȍȍ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ
ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȍ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȊȣȠȍȓ Ȋ șȖșȍȌȕȦȦ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț Ȑ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ș ȋȘțȌȖȑ
ȈȓȤȉȖȔȖȊ ș ȔȈȘȒȈȔȐ
ǬȍȊțȠȒȈ ȕȍ ȖȎȐȌȈȓȈ ȥȚȖȋȖ ǪȚȈȑȕȍ ȖȕȈ ȔȍȟȚȈȓȈ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȈșȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȊȖȑȌȍȚ Ȋ
ȌȖȔ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȓȦȉȐȔȖȋȖ Ȑ ȥȚȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ȏȕȈȒȖȔ ȗȖȌȈȕȕȣȔ ȍȔț Ȑ ȍȑ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ — Ȗȕ
ȗȖȑȔȍȚ ȍȍ Ȑ șȒȈȎȍȚ ȌȖȓȋȖȎȌȈȕȕȖȍ «ȓȦȉȓȦ».
ǶȕȈ ș ȚȘȍȗȍȚȖȔ ȖȎȐȌȈȓȈ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȍȋȖ ©ȓȦȉȓȦª ȟȚȖȉȣ șȔȍȓȖ șȒȈ-
ȏȈȚȤ șȊȖȍ ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ ȥȚȖ șȔȍȠȕȖȍ ȕȍȓȍȗȖȍ — ȔȈȘȒȐ
ǭȋțȟȐ ȊșȚȈȓȈ Ȑ ȚȐȝȖ ȌȘȖȎȈȡȐȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ șȒȈȏȈȓȈ
— «ǷȖȏȌȕȖ Ȕȕȍ ȕțȎȕȖ ȐȌȚȐ»
ǷȖ ȍȍ ȡȍȒȈȔ șȒȖȓȤȏȐȓȐșȤ șȓȍȏȐȕȒȐ
ǫȖȓțȉȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȟțȎȍșȚȘȈȕȞȈ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȘȈșȚȍȘȧȕȕȖ ȏȈȉȍȋȈȓȐ — Ȗȕ ȊȌȘțȋ Ȋșȍ
ȗȖȕȧȓ ȖȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȌȍȊțȠȒț ȏȈ ȘțȒț ȖȗțșȚȐȓșȧ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȍȦ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȐ Ȑ șȚȈȓ ȗȖ-
ȘȣȊȐșȚȖ ȞȍȓȖȊȈȚȤ ȍȍ ȘțȒȐ
— «ȇ ȏȕȈȦ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȗȖȟȍȔț Ȋȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȚȈȒ ȗȍȟȈȓȤȕȣ ȇ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȊȈȠț
ȚȈȕȒț ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȗȘȖȟȍȓ ȕȍȊȏȕȈȟȈȑ
“ǭșȓȐ ȧ ȊȖȑȌț,
Dz ȟțȎȍșȚȘȈȕȞț — Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȌȖȔ
ȅȚȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ȏȕȈȒ
ǷțșȚȤ Ȗȕ șȒȈȎȍȚ Ȕȕȍ «ȓȦȉȓȦ».
Ǩȝ ȚȖȋȌȈ Ȑ ȧ șȒȈȎț.”
— ǺȈȒ ȏȕȈȑȚȍ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȉȣȓ ș ȊȈȔȐ ȧ ȝȖȚȍȓ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȊȈȔ ȥȚȖ șȓȖȊȖ
Ǫȣ ȔȖȍ șȖȒȘȖȊȐȡȍ ǹȖȓȕȞȍ ȔȖȍ Ǫșȍ ȗȖȓȖȎț Ȓ ȕȖȋȈȔ ȚȊȖȐȔ ȔȖȧ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȈȧ
ȉȖȋȐȕȧ»...
— ©ǷȖȒȈȎȐȚȍ Ȕȕȍ ȊȈȠȐ ȔȈȘȒȐª — ȊȌȘțȋ ȗȘȍȘȊȈȓȈ ȔȐșȚȍȘȈ ǺȐȟȍȘȈ ȌȍȊțȠ-
ȒȈ Ȑ ȖȚșȒȖȟȐȓȈ ȖȚ ȕȍȋȖ
— «Ǫșȍ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȊșȍȋȖ ȔȐȘȈ ȖȌȐȕȈȒȖȊȣ» ȔȍȓȤȒȕțȓȖ ț ǺȐȟȍȘȈ
Ƕȕ ȖȗțșȚȐȓ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȑ ȗȖȒȖȘȕȖ șȚȈȓ ȗȍȘȍȓȐșȚȣȊȈȚȤ ȈȓȤȉȖȔȣ

— «ǬȈȑȚȍ Ȕȕȍ șȦȌȈ șȈȔțȦ ȌȖȘȖȋțȦ ȊȈȠț ȔȈȘȒț».
ǴȐșȚȍȘ ǺȐȟȍȘ ȊȣȉȍȎȈȓ Ȋ șȖșȍȌȕȦȦ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț Ȑ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖ Ȋȕȍș ȒȈȒ ȝȘțȗ-
ȒțȦ ȌȘȈȋȖȞȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒțȦ ȐȏȧȡȕțȦ ȠȒȈȚțȓȖȟȒț ȖȚȒȘȣȓ ȍȍ Ȑ ȌȘȖȎȈȡȍȑ
ȘțȒȖȑ Ȋȣȕțȓ ȗȖȟȚȖȊțȦ ȔȈȘȒț Ȑ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓ ȍȍ ȌȍȊțȠȒȍ
«ǷȓȈȕȚȈȞȐȧ?!» — țȓȣȉȕțȓȈșȤ ȔȣșȓȍȕȕȖ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ
ǭȋțȟȐ-șȈȕ ȕȍțȌȍȘȎȐȔȖ ȘȈșșȔȍȧȓȈșȤ
— «ǴȐșȚȍȘ ǺȐȟȍȘ, ȌȈȑȚȍ Ȕȕȍ șȗȐȟȒȐ» șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ
DzȖȋȌȈ țȌȐȊȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕ ȗȘȐȕȍș ȍȑ ȒȖȘȖȉȒț șȗȐȟȍȒ ȖȕȈ ȌȍȘȎȈȓȈ ȕȈ
ȒȖȕȟȐȒȈȝ țȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȋȖ ȗȈȓȤȟȐȒȖȊ ȔȈȘȒț Ȑ șȔȍȧȓȈșȤ
©Ǩ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȗȖȌȖȎȋȐȚȍ ȥȚț ȔȈȘȒț»
ǴȐșȚȍȘ ǺȐȟȍȘ ȊȌȘțȋ ȋțșȚȖ ȗȖȒȘȈșȕȍȓ ț ȋțȉ ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȕȈ ȓȉț ȏȈȗȘȣȋȈȓȐ ȋȓțȉȖ-
ȒȐȍ ȔȖȘȡȐȕȣ ǰșȗȖȌȓȖȉȤȧ Ȗȕ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ ȌȍȊțȠȒț ǭȋțȟȐ-șȈȕ ȗȖ-ȗȘȍȎȕȍȔț
ȏȈȓȐȊȈȓȈșȤ ȏȊȖȕȒȐȔ șȔȍȝȖȔ
— «ǵȍ ȉȖȑȚȍșȤ șȥȘ ȗȈȓȤȟȐȒȐ ȊȈȠȍȑ ȉȖȋȐȕȐ ȕȍ șȋȖȘȧȚ Ǩȝ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȐȚȍ ȚȖ-
ȋȌȈ ȧ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȐȥȖȘȊț ȊȈȠț ȋȘȧȏȕțȦ ȉțȔȈȎȒț»
ǴȐșȚȍȘ ǺȐȟȍȘ ȊȌȘțȋ șȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȍȍ ȘțȒț ȊȣȠȍ ȒȐșȚȐ Ȑ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ șȎȈȓ ȍȍ ǷȈȓȤȞȣ
șȓȈȉȖ ȘȈȏȎȈȓȈșȤ ǵȈ ȓȈȌȖȕȐ ȓȍȎȈȓȈ șȔȧȚȈȧ ȗȖȟȚȖȊȈȧ ȔȈȘȒȈ ǨȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕ șȝȊȈ-
ȚȐȓ ȔȈȘȒț Ȑ ȋȘțȉȖ ȖȚȚȖȓȒȕțȓ ȧȗȖȕȒț
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ǸȐȒȠȈ ȗȘȐȊȍȏ ǭȋțȟȐ-șȈȕ ȌȖȔȖȑ
ǵȐȒȚȖ Ȑȏ ȌȖȔȈȠȕȐȝ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȒȈȒ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ ȗȘȖȠȓȈ Ȋ șȊȖȦ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ǶȕȈ
ȊȏȋȓȧȕțȓȈ ȕȈ ȘȖȧȓȤ ȏȈȒȘȣȓȈ ȍȋȖ
ǪȌȘțȋ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓȈ șȊȖȦ șȚȈȘțȦ ȕȧȕȦ ȗȖȓțșȓȍȗțȦ șȚȈȘțȠȒț
ǪȖȠȓȈ ȕȧȕȧ
— «ǰȌȐ ȕȈȊȍȘȝ Ȑ ȗȘȐȕȍșȐ Ȕȕȍ ȟȍȘȕȣȑ șȊȍȘȚȖȒ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȊȈȓȧȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȗȣȓȐ ț
ȘȊȈȕȖȑ ȠȐȘȔȣ Ȋ șȈȔȖȔ țȋȓț»
ǷȖȓțșȓȍȗȈȧ șȚȈȘțȠȒȈ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓȈ șȓȍȏ ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ Ȉ ȋȖȓȖș ǭȋțȟȐ ȉȣȓ ȚȈȒ ȚȐȝ Ȑ
ȒȈȏȈȓșȧ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȣȔ
DzȖȋȌȈ șȚȈȘțȠȒȈ ȗȘȐȕȍșȓȈ șȊȍȘȚȖȒ Ȑ țȠȓȈ ǭȋțȟȐ șȕȧȓȈ ȗȣȓȤȕțȦ ȒȐȚȈȑ-
șȒțȦ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȦ ș ȏȈȉȣȚȣȝ ȒȖȚȖ Ȑ ȠȈȔȐșȍȕȈ ȀȈȔȐșȍȕ ȖȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȎȕȖ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȓȈ Ȓ
ȐȏȋȖȓȖȊȤȦ șȊȖȍȑ ȗȖșȚȍȓȐ Ȉ ȒȖȚȖ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȓȈ Ȓ ȖȒȕț ȘȈȏȌȊȐȕțȓȈ șȚȍȕț Ȑ șȚȈȓȈ
ȐȋȘȈȚȤ ȗȘȖșȚȣȍ ȏȈȉȣȚȣȍ ȘȖȌȐȔȣȍ ȗȍșȕȐ
ǺȍȕȤ ȊȍȚȒȐ ȈȗȍȓȤșȐȕȖȊȖȋȖ ȌȍȘȍȊȈ ȐȋȘȈȓȈ ȕȈ ȍȍ ȓȐȞȍ Ȑ ȒȐȔȖȕȖ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕ-
ȕȖȔ ȓțȕȖȑ
ǹ-Ƿ-ǩ ǹȖșȕȖȊȒȈ
ǬȍȒȈȉȘȤ  ȋ

ȀǶDZǾǼǰȉǷ ȁǿ
ǸȖȠȎȗȟȘȖȗ ȞȎȟȟȘȎȕ

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Ǫșȍ ț ȚȐȋȘȈ ȌȘȈȋȖȞȍȕȕȖ
ǪȖȏȤȔȐ ȚȐȋȘȖȊȣȍ ȒȖșȚȐ ȏȈȘȖȑ Ȋ ȏȍȔȓȦ ȗțșȚȤ ȊȣȓȍȎȈȚ ȋȖȌȈ ș ȋȖȌȈȔȐ ȗȖ-
ȚȍȔȕȍȍȚ ȒȖșȚȤ ȕȖ Ȑ ȖȟȐșȚȐȚșȧ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ— ȖȌȕȈ șȗȓȖȠȕȈȧ ȒȖșȚȤ ȉțȌȍȚ Ȗș-
ȚȈȓȤȕȖȍ Ȋșȍ șȠȍȓțȠȈȚ șȋȘȣȏțȚ ȏȍȔȓȧ ȌȈ ȊȘȍȔȧ
ǪȣȊȈȘȐ ȖȟȐȡȍȕȕțȦ ȊȣȓȍȎȈȕȕțȦ ȒȖșȚȤ Ȋ ȒȖȚȓȍ ȒȈȒ ȖȗȐȑ ȘȈșȗȓȈȊȤ ȒȖșȚȤ
Ȋ ȚȍȔȕțȦ ȔȈșșț ȗȘȖȞȍȌȐ ȍȍ ȘȈȏ ȏȈ ȘȈȏȖȔ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȗȓȖȚȕțȦ ȉțȔȈȋț
Ǩ ȊȣȊȈȘȐȊȈȑ ȒȖșȚȤ ȕȈ ȖșȖȉ șȗȖșȖȉ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȒȈȗȓȧ ȊȖȌȧȕȈȧ ȚȘȐ Ȍȕȧ șȘȧ-
Ȍț șȊȍȘȓȐȓȈ Ȋ ȒȖȚȍȓ ȒȖșȚȤ ȒȐȗȧȡțȦ ȘȈȏȎȐȎȈȓȈ Ȑ țȒȘȍȗȓȧȓȈ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȚȍȔ
ǰ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȞȍȌȐ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȗȓȖȚȕțȦ ȉțȔȈȋț ȒȈȒ ȖȗȐȑ ȗȖșȓȍ ȊȈȘȍȕȐȧ
DzȖșȚȤ ȚȐȋȘȖȊȈȧ ȊȣȊȈȘȍȕȕȈȧ ȕȈ ȖșȖȉ șȗȖșȖȉ ȊȣșȖȝȠȈȧ Ȋ șȓȐȚȒȐ ȐȌȍȚ ȕȈ ȓȍ-
ȟȍȕȐȍ șȚȈȘȐȒȖȊ țȒȘȍȗȓȧȍȚ ȘȈșșȓȈȉȓȍȕȕțȦ ȌȘȧȝȓțȦ ȒȖșȚȤ șȚȈȘȐȒȖȊ ȊȖșșȚȈȕȈȊ-
ȓȐȊȈȍȚ
ǬȍȓȈȍȚșȧ ȕȈșȚȖȑ ȕȈ ȗȤȧȕȖȔ ȕȈȗȐȚȒȍ ȕȈ ȝȈȕȎȍ ȝȖȚȧ Ǫ ȊȐȕȖ Ȋ ȊȍȟȍȘ șȗțș-
ȒȈȍȚșȧ ȒțșȖȟȍȒ ȚȐȋȘȖȊȖȑ ȟȍȘȕȖȑ ȒȖșȚȐ ȊȣȊȈȘȍȕȕȖȑ — ș țȚȘȈ Ȏȍ șȚȈȘȐȒȐ ȗȤȦȚ
ȥȚȖȚ ȕȈșȚȖȑ
ǰ ȖȚ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȒȘȍȗȕțȚ șȚȈȘȐȒȐ ǹȕȖȊȈ ȎȐȚȤ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȦȚ ȐȏȔȍȕȧȦȚșȧ ȒȈȒ ȖȚ ȒȖȘ-
ȕȧ ȓȍȟȍȉȕȖȋȖ ©ȎȍȕȤȠȍȕȧª dzțȟȠȍ ȍȡȍ ȔȖȓȖȌȣȔ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȚșȧ ȗȖ Ȍțȝț șȚȈȘȐȒ ǰ
Ȋ ȒȖșȚȧȝ ȉȖȌȘȍȑ țȊȍȘȍȕȕȍȑ
ǯȕȈȦȚ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȣ Ȑ Ȋ ȚȐȋȘȖȊȣȝ ȔȍșȚȈȝ ț șȍȉȧ ȓȐ ȕȈ ǨȔțȘȍ Ȋ ǹȈȝȈ-
ȓȐȕȍ ȌȈȎȍ ȊȍȏȌȍ ȊșȦȌț șȖȉȐȘȈȦȚ ȚȐȋȘȈ
ǵȈȑȌȍȚ ȒȚȖ ȚȐȋȘȖȊțȦ ȒȖșȚȤ — ȒȈȒ șȟȈșȚȤȍ ȕȈȑȌȍȚ
ǯȕȈȦȚ Ȑ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȧ ȒȖșȚȤ ȐȌȍȚ ȕȈ ȊȣȊȈȘ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȒȈȒ ȏțȉȈ Ȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȕȖȑ ȒȖșȚȐ
ȕȍ ȚȖ ȍșȓȐ Ȑ ȏțȉ Ȑ ȟȍȘȍȗȍ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȒȖșȚȤȦ ȊȣȊȈȘȐȠȤ — ț șȚȈȘȐȒȖȊ ȗȘȐ ȓȍ-
ȟȍȕȐȐ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ȉȖȓȍȚȤ ȉțȌȍȚ Ȑ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȏțȉȣ ȕȣȚȤ șȚȈȕțȚ ȖȚ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȕȍȌȖșȔȖȚ-
ȘȍȕȕȖȑ ȒȖșȚȐ
ǺȈȒ Ȋșȧ ȒȖșȚȤ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȟȈșȚȐ ȕȍȗțȚȍȊȖȑ — ȕȈ ȗȘȖȗȈȌ ǽȖȚȤ ȊȣȉȘȖșȤ
ǯȕȈȦȚ Ȑ ȚȖ ȗȘȖ ȒȖșȚȤ ȚȐȋȘȖȊțȦ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȣ ȕȍ șȕȈȌȖȉȤȍ ȊȣȊȈȘ ȥȚȈȒȖȑ ȔȖȓȖ-
ȌȣȔ ǴȖȓȖȌȈȧ ȒȖșȚȤ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȤȧ ȕȈȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȖȚ ȊȣȊȈȘȈ șȓȈȉȍȍȚ ȝȘțșȚț ȌȈȍȚșȧ Ȉ
ȚȖ Ȑ ȊȖȊșȍ ȗȍȘȍȓȖȔț ȋȘȖȏȐȚ.
Ǩ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȍ-ȔȖȓȖȌȒȍ — Ȑ ȗȖȌȈȊȕȖ ȊȘȍȌ ȖȚ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȕȍ ȊȘȍȌ Ȉ ȗțȡȍ
șȔȍȘȚȐ ȖȗȈșȚȤ ȊșȧȒț ȎȐȏȕȤ ȏȈȘȖȌȤ țȉȤȍȚ ȕȈșȚȖȑ ȕȈ ȚȐȋȘȍ — ȗȓȖȌ ȒȈȒ ȍșȚȤ
ȊȣȍșȚ ǩȍȏȌȍȚȕȖȑ șȚȈȕȍȚ ȔȖȓȖȌȒȈ Ȑ ȗȖȚțșȒȕȍȍȚ ȏȘȧ ǵț ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȒȖȕȍȟ-
ȕȖ Ȑ ș ȥȚȖȋȖ ȗȖȓȤȏț șȚȘȖȧȚ ǵȣȕȟȍ ȊȍȌȤ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȘȟȐ ȕȍȓȈȌȕȖȑ Ȋ ȕȈȘȖȌȍ-ȚȖ
ȊȖȌȐȚșȧ
Ǫșȍ ț ȚȐȋȘȈ ȌȘȈȋȖȞȍȕȕȖ
ǰ ȒȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȓȈȗȈ ȚȐȋȘȖȊȈȧ șȘȍȏȈȕȕȈȧ ȚȖȓȒȖȔ Ȋ ȒȐșȚȤ ȕȐȎȍ ȓȖȒȚȧ
dzȈȗȈ ȔȖȎȍȚ șȗȈșȚȐ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ș ȏȈșȚȘȧȊȠȍȦ ȒȖșȚȤȦ Ȋ ȋȖȘȓȍ ǷȖ-
ȟȍȠȐ ȚȐȋȘȖȊȖȑ ȓȈȗȖȦ ȓȍȋȖȕȤȒȖ ȗȖ ȋȖȘȓț — ȕț ȒȖșȚȤ ș ȔȍșȚȈ ȕȈșȐȎȍȕȕȖȋȖ Ȑ
ȊȣșȒȖȟȐȚ
Ǫșȍ ț ȚȐȋȘȈ ȌȘȈȋȖȞȍȕȕȖ ȕȖ șȈȔȖȍ-ȚȖ ȌȘȈȋȖȞȍȕȕȖȍ Ȋ ȚȐȋȘȍ ȚȖ ȟȍȋȖ ȚȘțȌȕȍȑ
ȊșȍȋȖ ȌȖșȚȈȚȤ — Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȖȌșȚțȗȐșȤ ȌȊȈ țșȈ ȚȐȋȘȖȊȣȝ
ǭșȚȤ ț ȚȐȋȘȈ ȌȊȈ ȟțȌȕȣȝ țșȈ — ȖșȚȘȣȍ ȋȐȉȒȐȍ ȌȖȓȋȐȍ Ȑ ȟțȚȒȐȍ ǶȕȐ ȊȣȗȈ-
ȌȈȦȚ ȖȚ ȔȖȘȌȣ ȚȖȚ ȔȐȋ Ȏȍ ȒȈȒ ȕȈȊȏȕȐȟȤ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȔ ȗȈȌȈȍȚ ȚȐȋȘ ȗȖȌșȚȘȍȓȍȕ-
ȕȣȑ Ȓ ȗȘȐȔȍȘț ȔȍȚȒȐȔ ȖȝȖȚȕȐȒȖȔ
Ǫ ȎȐȊȤȍ ȒȘȍȗȟȍ ȒȘȍȗȒȖȋȖ ȌȍȘȎȈȚșȧ ȌȊȈ țșȈ ȕȖ ș ȔȍȘȚȊȐ ȚȖȚ Ȏȍ ȔȐȋ ȊȣȗȈ-

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ȌȈȦȚ Ȑ ȒȈȒ șȓȍȌ ȗȘȖșȚȣȓ — ȕȍȚ Ȑȝ ȊȖȏȓȍ ȕȐ ț ȔȖȘȌȣ ȕȐ ȗȖȌ ȔȖȘȌȖȑ
ǬȊȈ țșȈ ș ȔȍȘȚȊȍȞȈ-ȚȐȋȘȈ ȊșȍȋȌȈ — ȘȈȏ ȕȈ ȘȈȏ — Ȋ șȈȔțȦ ȏȍȔȤ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȧȚ ȒȈȒ
Ȑȋȓȣ Ȑ ȚȍȘȧȦȚșȧ Ȋ ȕȍȌȘȈȝ ȏȍȔȓȧȕȣȝ ǷȖȔȐȕȈȑ ȒȈȒ ȏȊȈȓȐ Ȑ ȐȡȐ — ȊȖȊȍȒ ȕȍ șȣ-
ȡȍȠȤ
ǺȖȟȕȖ ȟȍȘȍȏ țș — Ȋșȧ ȞȈȘșȚȊȍȕȕȈȧ ȔȖȡȤ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȟȍȘȍȏ țș — Ȋșȧ ȏȊȍȘȤȧ ȕȍȗȖ-
ȔȍȘȕȈȧ șȐȓȈ ȚȐȋȘȖȊȈȧ — ȏȍȔȓȧ ȗȘȐȌȈȍȚșȧ ȊȖȕȏȈȍȚșȧ ȗȘȖȟȤ
Ǩ ȟȈȘȣ-ȚȖ țșȤȐ ȕȍșȒȈȏȈȕȕȣ ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȣ
DzȚȖ ȗȖșȚȐȋ ȌȖȉȣȓ ȌȊȈ țșȈ ȗȘȐ ȒȖȔ ȍșȚȤ ȖȕȐ — ȚȖȚ ȒȈȒ ȍșȚȤ ȕȈșȒȊȖȏȤ ȏȕȈȍȚ
ȗȘȖ Ȋșȍ ȊȐȌȐȚ ȌȖȋȈȌȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȚȖȟȤ-Ȋ-ȚȖȟȤ
ǬȍȘȎȐ ȗȘȐ șȍȉȍ ȌȊȈ țșȈ ȚȐȋȘȖȊȈ ȋȓȧȕȤ ȕȈ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ — Ȑ țȏȕȈȍȠȤ țȎȍ —
ȌȖȉȘ ȐȓȐ ȏȓȖȑ ȊȘȍȌȕȣȑ ȓȐ Ȗȕ ǪȏȋȓȧȕȤ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȋȖ — ȘȈșȒȘȖȍȚșȧ Țȍȉȍ ȚȖȚ Ȏȍ ȔȐȋ
ȗȘȖ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖȚ ȌțȔȈȍȚ ȏȈȔȣȠȓȧȍȚ ȟȚȖ Ǩ ȚȘȍȚȐȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ — ȉȍȌȍȕ ȓȐ ȉȖȋȈȚ ȓȐ
ȉțȌȍȚ Ȗȕ" ǹȝȖȟȍȠȤ ȏȕȈȚȤ — Ȑ țȎȍ ȏȕȈȍȠȤ ȖȚ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȈ ȒȖȓȤ țșȈ ȌȊȈ ȗȘȐ șȍȉȍ
ǶȝȖȚȕȐȒȐ ȉȣȊȈȓȣȍ ȏȕȈȊȈȓȣȍ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȕȈ țș-ȚȖ Ȑ ȔȍȚȧȚ ȔȍȟȚȈȦȚ ȌȖ-
ȉȣȚȤ ȕȈ ȊșȧȒ șȗȖșȖȉ!..
ǵȖ ȕȍȚ ȕȍȌȖșȚȐȎȐȔȣȍ ȖȕȐ Dz ȎȐȊȖȔț ȕȍ ȗȖȌșȚțȗȐȠȤșȧ ȕȍȉȖșȤ ȕȍ Ȋȣȝ-
ȊȈȚȐȠȤ ș ȥȚȈȒȖȑ ȔȖȘȌȣ-ȚȖ Ȉ ș ȔȍȘȚȊȖȋȖ Ȑ ȚȖȋȖ ȚȘțȌȕȍȑ — ȝȖȚȤ ȊșȦ ȏȍȔȓȦ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȘȖȑ ȕȍ șȣșȒȈȚȤ ȕȐȒȈȒ ǵȍ ȉȍȘȐșȤ — ȉȍȘȍȋȐșȤ
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ǵȖ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ȊȖȚ..
ǷȖșȖȉȘȈȓșȧ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȖȝȖȚȕȐȒ ǿȎȈȕ-ǽȈȖ ȕȈ ȚȐȋȘȈ — ȗȖȊȈȌȐȓșȧ Ȋ Țț ȗȖȘț
ȚȐȋȘ Ȋ ȖȊȘȈȋ ȗȖȖȌȈȓȤ șȍȓȍȕȐȧ ȕȈȊȍȌȣȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȑ șȒȖȚȐȕȒț ȒȖȍ-ȟȤȦ ȖȉȓȦȉȖȊȈȚȤ
Ȑ șȕȍșȚȐ ȕȍ ȘȈȏ ț ȖȌȕȖșȍȓȤȟȈȕ ȗȖțșȗȍȓ ȚȖȚ ȚȐȋȘ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȖșȚȤȦ șȒȖȚȐȕȕȖȑ ȕȈ-
șȖȘȐȓ
Ǩ ȕȈ ȚȐȋȘȈ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȔȍȚȐȓ ȕȈȉȐȘȈȓșȧ ȔȍȟȚȖȦ ȘȈșȒȐȌȣȊȈȓșȧ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȖȝȖȚ-
ȕȐȒ ǿȎȈȕ-ǽȈȖ
— ǻȉȤȦ — ȌțȔȈȓ — ȚȐȋȘȈ Ȑ ȊȏȈȗȘȈȊȌț ȖȝȖȚȕȐȒȖȔ șȚȈȕț Ǩ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȚȐȞ
ȘȈșȗțȋȐȊȈȚȤ șȊȐȕȤȦ ȒȓȣȒȈșȚțȦ ȌȐȒȖȋȖ ȒȈȉȈȕȈ
 ȗțȓȍȑ ȊȣȉȐȘȈȚȤ ȔȍȌȊȍȌȧ-
ȘȈșȚȖȘȖȗț ȌȖȉȣȊȈȚȤ — ȥȚȖ ȉȘȈȚ ȊșȧȒȖȔț ȒȖȔț ȕȍ Ȋ ȚȘțȌ ȘțȎȤȍ ȗȖ ȓȍșȈȔ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȚȈșȒȐȊȈȚȤ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖ ȗȖȌșȚȈȚȤ Ǩ ȊȖȚ ȚȐȋȘȈ ȗȘȣȋțȕȈ ȓȦȚȖȋȖ ȌȖșȒȈȒȈȚȤ ȌȈ
ȍȡȍ Ȑ țș ș ȕȍȋȖ șȖȌȘȈȚȤ ȥȚȖ ǿȎȈȕ-ǽȈȖ — ȝȈȈȖȖ*, — ȗȖȐȋȘȣȊȈȓ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȖȝȖȚ-
ȕȐȒ șȖȏȊțȟȕȣȔ șȓȖȊȖȔ
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ǷȖșȖȉȘȈȓșȧ ǿȎȈȕ-ǽȈȖ ȕȈ ȚȐȋȘȈ ȕț Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȌ țȝȖȌȖȔ ȕȈȒȈȏȈȓ șȊȖȧȟȍȕȐȞȍ
* ©ɏɚɨª — ɩɨ-ɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɢ ©ɯɨɪɨɲɨª

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șȚȈȘțȝȍ dzȧȖ-ǵȦȑ ȊȟȍȘȈȠȕȍȋȖ ȔȍȌȊȍȌȧ ȏȈȌ ȊȣȊȈȘȐȚȤ ȌȈ Ȑ ȐȏȎȈȘȐȚȤ ȒȈȒ șȓȍȌ
ȟȚȖȉȣ șȈȓȖ ș ȕȍȋȖ ȘȈșȚȘȍȡȈȓȖșȤ ȊȖ Ȋșȍ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ Ȑ șȚȍȕȣ ȏȈțȏȖȘȐȓȖ ȕȈ Ȋșȍ ȓȈ-
Ȍȣ
— ǹȓȣȠȐȠȤ șȚȈȘȍȕȤȒȈȧ ȗȘȐȌț ș ȖȝȖȚȣ ȗțșȚȣȔ ȍȡȍ ȗȖȘȈșȚȘȧșțșȤ Ȑ șȈȔ
— ȚȐȋȘ ȕȍ ȞȣȗȓȍȕȖȒ ȖȚ ȕȍȋȖ Ȑ Ȑșȗțȋ ȗȘȐȕȧȚȤ ȕȍ șȚȣȌ ȒȈȒȖȑ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ǿȎȈȕ-
ǽȈȖ șȖȊșȍȔ ȗȍȘȍȚȘțșȐȊȠȍȑ dzȧȖ-ǵȦȑ
ǻ șȚȈȘțȝȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȊȖȏȐȓȈșȤ ȕȈȌ ȗȓȐȚȖȑ ȖȚ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ șȓȖȊȈ ©ȚȐȋȘª ȒȖȓȍȕȐ
ȉȐȓȐșȤ Ȗ șȚȍȕȒț ȗȍȟȒȐ Ȑ ȖȕȈ ȕȐȒȈȒ ȕȐȎȕȍȑ ȋțȉȖȑ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȈ ȗȖȌȓȈȌȐȚȤ —ȗȖȑ-
ȔȈȚȤ ȊȍȘȝȕȦȦ Ȉ ȕȍ ȚȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȊȣȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ — ȒțȌȣ ȚȈȔ ǯȈȋȖȊȖȘȐ
șȚȈȘțȝȈ — ȚȈȒ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȊȔȍșȚȖ șȓȖȊ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȏțȉȣ ȗȍȘȍȗțȚȈȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȏȈȗȘȣȋȈ-
ȓȐ ȉȣ ȐȏȖ ȘȚȈ
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ǵț Ȑ ȗȖȠȍȓ ǿȎȈȕ-ǽȈȖ ȕȈ ȚȐȋȘȈ
Dz ȖȊȘȈȋț ȉȓȐȎȍ — ȕȍȗȖșȓțȠȕȍȑ Ȋ Ȕȣșȓȧȝ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȕȍȓȈȌȕȖȍ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȖȋȓȧȌ
ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ Ǩ ȚȖ ȊȌȘțȋ ȋȌȍ ȠȍȓȖȝȕȍȚșȧ ȗȖȔȍȘȍȡȐȚșȧ — ȚȈȒ Ȋșȍ ȚȍȗȓȖ ȚȖȟȕȖ Ȋ
ȔțȘȈȊȍȑȕȐȒ ȖșȧȌȍȚ ȏȈȗțȚȈȍȚșȧ șȊȧȎȍȚ ȓȐȗȒȖ ȕȍȓȈȌȤ ȕȍȓȖȊȒȈȧ
ǪȌȘțȋ — ȚȐȋȘ ǿȚȖȖȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ" ǪȖȚ
DzȈȒ ȕȈ ȓȈȌȖȕȐ ȊȐȌȕȖ — ț șȈȔȖȋȖ ȉȣșȚȘȧȒȈ-ȘțȟȤȧ ȖȊȘȈȎȤȍȋȖ ȗȘȍșȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȓȍ-
ȎȐȚ ȕȈ șȈȔȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ ȚȐȋȘ
Ǩ ȟȚȖ ȏȈ ȚȊȈȘȤ ǬȐȊȖ-ȏȊȍȘȤ!
DzȈȒ ȚȐȋȘȈ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ — ȗțȋȈȓșȧ ǿȎȈȕ-ǽȈȖ Ȓ ȠȖȘȖȝț ȕȈșȚȖȘȈȎȐȊȈȓșȧ ǻȊȐ-
Ȍȍȓ — ȒȈȒ ȘțȒȖȑ șȕȧȓȖ
ǵȍ Ȑșȗțȋ Ȉ țȌȐȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȌȘȖȎȈȡȍȍ
ǰ ȋțȉȣ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȉȘȖșȈȍȚ Ȋ șȔȍȝ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȣȑ ȕȍȉȣȊȈȓȣȑ
ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȒȖșȐȚ Ȑ ȋțȉȣ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȓȐȞȖ
ǸȈȌȖșȚȤ ȏȈșȒȈȒȈȓȈ ȊȖ ȊșȍȔ Țȍȓȍ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȋȖ ȖȝȖȚȕȐȒȈ
ǹȚȈȓ ǿȎȈȕ-ǽȈȖ ȏȈ Ȍțȉ ȗȘȖșȚȖȘȕȣȑ Ȑ ȏȈȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȍȚ ȓȦȉțȍȚșȧ ȠȍȗȟȍȚ ȟȚȖ-
ȚȖ ȕȍșțȘȈȏȕȖȍ ȒȈȒ ȔȈȓȣȑ ȗȈȘȍȕȤ
ǪȖȚ ȚȐȋȘ — ȕț ȒȖȠȒȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ ȉȖȓȤȠțȡȈȧ DzȈȒ ȍșȚȤ ȒȖȠȒȈ ǰ șȊȍȘȕț-
ȓȈșȤ-ȚȖ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏ ȗȖȌ șȖȓȕȣȠȒȖȔ— ȋȘȍȍȚșȧ ȋȓȈȏ ȡțȘȐȚ
— ǨȈȈȝ ǰ ȌȊȈ țșȈ ȉȖȓȚȈȦȚșȧ ǸȈȏȖȉȘȈȓ — ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȓ ǿȎȈȕ-ǽȈȖ ȚȖȟȕȖ
ȗȘȖȏȘȈȟȕȣȍ ȌȊȈ țșȈ șȍȘȍȉȘȧȚșȧ ȕȈșȒȊȖȏȤ Ȋ ȓțȟȈȝ ȚȘȍȗȍȡțȚ Ȋ ȟțȚȤ-ȟțȚȖȟȒț
— ǶȖȖȝ — Ǭțȝ ȏȈȝȊȈȚȐȓȖ ȗȘȐ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȍ
ǵȈ șȖȓȕȞȍ Ȉ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȖȊȘȈȎȐȑ șțȔȘȈȒ ȋțșȚȖȑ-ȋțșȚȖȑ Ȋșȍ ȌȘȍȔȓȍȚ Ȋ ȚȧȎȍ-
ȓȣȝ Țȍȕȧȝ șȊȍȎȐȝ ȚȈȒȐȝ Țȍȕȧȝ ȉțȌȚȖ șȖȟȕȣȝ Ȋșȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ ș ȚȐȋȘȖȔ
ȕȈ șȖȓȕȞȍ
ǰ ȊȣȉȘȈȓ Ȏȍ ȏȊȍȘȤ ǻȔȕȈȧ ȚȊȈȘȤ șțȘȈȏȕȈȧ
— ǻȔȕȖȖȖȑ — ȌțȔȈȍȚ ǿȎȈȕ-ǽȈȖ Ȑ țȓȣȉȈȍȚșȧ țȓȣȉȈȍȚșȧ ȏȈ ȌțȉȖȔ ț șȍȉȧ
ǪȌȘțȋ ȚȐȋȘ ȐȏȖȋȕțȓșȧ ȗȖȚȧȕțȓșȧ ȓȍȕȐȊȖ ȕȈ ȐȏȋȐȉ ȚȈȒ Ȋșȍ Ȋ Țȍȓȍ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍ-
ȓȐȊȈȍȚșȧ Ǫȣșțȕțȓ ȓȈȗț Ȋșȍ ȎȍȓȚȖȍ Ȉ ȓȈȗȈ ȖȌȕȈ — ȉȍȓȈȧ ȗțȠȐșȚȈȧ ǵț ȊȖȚ
șȖȊșȍȔ ȒȖȠȒȈ Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ

87
ǪȖȚ ȓȈȗț șȚȈȓȈ ȓȐȏȈȚȤ ȗȍȘȍȉȐȘȈȍȚ ȊȣȚȧȋȐȊȈȍȚ ȐȏȋȐȉȈȍȚ ȗȖȌȋȐȉȈȍȚ ȗȖ-
ȘȈȏȕȖȔț ȖȌȕȐȔ ȧȏȣȒȖȔ ȌȖșȚȈȍȚ ȔȖȍȚșȧ
ȇȏȣȒ-ȚȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȑ Ȉ ȏțȉȣ — ȒȈȒ ȉȘȣȏȕȍȚ ȕȈ șȖȓȕȞȍ Ȋșȍȑ ȗȈșȚȤȦ — ȖȌȐȕ
șȚȘȈȝ ǫȓȧȌȍȚȤ — ȎȔțȘȐȠȤșȧ: ȉȖȧȏȕȖ
ǷȍȘȍȊȍȘȕțȓȈșȤ Ȋșȧ ǵȈ șȗȐȕȍ ȐȏȊȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȔȍȠȈȍȚ ȟȍȠȍȚșȧ
ȒȖȠȒȈ
ǷȖȘȍȠȐȓ ǿȎȈȕ-ǽȈȖ
ǪșȒȐȕțȓ ȘțȎȤȍ
ǺȐȋȘ ȒȈȒ ȗȖȟțȧȓ — ȊșȒȖȟȐȚ șȖ șȗȐȕȣ ȊȔȐȋ ȕȈ ȕȖȋȐ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȏȈȘȍȊȍȚ ȏȈȘȍ-
ȊȍȚǫȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȊȖȌȐȚ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȖ ȔȖȚȈȍȚ șȚȘȖȋȖ ȚȈȒ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȗȍȘȍșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȍȚ ȕȈȔȍ-
ȟȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ
— ǵțțț
ǰ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȐȓ
ǪȐȌȐȚ ȚȐȋȘ ȔȍȚȕțȓșȧ ȕȈ ȔȍșȚȍ ȗȖȌȗȘȣȋȕțȓ Ȑ ȚȈȒ ȗȖșȍȘȍȌȤ ȒȈȔȕȧ ȕȈȊȏ-
ȕȐȟȤ ȋȘȖȝȕțȓșȧ
ǿȎȈȕ-ǽȈȖ ȈȎ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ — ș ȘțȟȤȧ ȊȏȔȍȚȕțȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȉȘȣȏȕțȓȖ ǸȈȏȖȉȘȈȓ-
șȧ ț șȍȉȧ ș ȋȓȈȏ șȓȍȏȣ ȊȣȉȐȓȐșȤ ȖȚ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȐȧ
ǷȖȌșȒȖȟȐȓ ȖȚ ȘțȟȤȧ Ȓ șȈȔȖȔț ȒȈȔȕȦ Ȉ ȕȈ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ — ȕȖȋȐ ȌȘȖȎȈȚ ȝȖȚȤ Ȑ
ȔȍȘȚȊȣȑ ȏȊȍȘȤ — șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȍȡȍ
ǪȌȘțȋ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȉȓȍșȕțȓȖ ȗȖȌ șȈȔȖȑ ȔȖȘȌȖȑ.
ǶȉȔȍȘ ǿȎȈȕ șȍȘȌȞȍ șȌȍȘȎȈȓȖ Ȉ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȒȈȒ ȘȈșșȣȗȍȚșȧ ȏȈȉȤȍȚșȧ ȒȈȒ ȗȚȐ-
ȞȈ ȔȈȓȈȧ ȏȈȗțȚȈȕȕȈȧ Ȋ ȘțȉȈȝȍ
— ǵȐȒȈȒ ȖȉȈ țșȈ — ȔȍȚȕțȓȈșȤ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȈȧ Ȑ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȚȍȔ ȗȖȟȍȔț-ȚȖ Ȑșȗț-
ȋȈȕȕȈȧ ȔȣșȓȤ
ǺȈȒ Ȑ ȍșȚȤ ȗȖȌ ȔȖȘȌȖȑ ȍȡȍ ȚȘȍȗȍȡȈ ȚȡȍȚȕȖ ȊȘȣȊȈȧșȤ Ȋ țȗȖȘȕȣȑ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ
ȉȓȐșȚȈȓȐ ȌȊȈ ȚȐȋȘȖȊȣȍ țșȈ
— ǵȍȚ țșȐȒȐ-ȋȖȓțȉȟȐȒȐ ȕȍ țȑȌȍȚȍ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ ȕȍ ȏȍȔȓȧ ǩȣȚȤ ȊȈȔ ț ǿȎȈȕ-
ǽȈȖǵȈȋȕțȓșȧ ȖȝȖȚȕȐȒ ȗȖȌȖȉȘȈȓ ȌȊȈ țșȈ Ȑ șȈȔ ȕȍ șȈȔ Ȋ ȗȖȚȕȖȑ ȖȚ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȐȧ
ȘțȒȍ șȎȐȔȈȓ ȌȊȈ ȚȐȋȘȖȊȣȝ țșȈ
ǪȖȒȘțȋ ȊȣșȚȐȓȈȓșȧ ȖȊȘȈȎȐȑ șțȔȘȈȒ Ȋșȍ Ȋ Țȍȕȧȝ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȝ șȊȍȎȐȝ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ
ȒȈȔȍȕȤ ș ȚȐȋȘȖȔ ȔȐȕȖȊȈȓȖ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȧȡȍȍ
ǿȎȈȕ-ǽȈȖ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȕȈȏȖȑȓȐȊȣȔ ȌȈȎȍ ȏȊȖȕȒȖȍ ȉȘȍȕȟȈȕȐȍ șȉȍȋȈȦȡȍȋȖ
ȘțȟȤȧ
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ǿȎȈȕ-ǽȈȖ ȚȧȋțȟȐȔ ȜȈȓȤȞȍȚȖȔ ȊȣȊȖȌȧ ȒȈȒțȦ-ȚȖ ȌȘȍȊȕȦȦ ȕȈȋȖȘȕțȦ ȗȍșȍȕ-
Ȓț ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȓșȧ ȐȕȣȔ ȖȏȈȘȍȕȕȣȔ ȌȈȖ-ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȔ
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȗȘȐȘȖȌț Ȋ ȕȍȋȖ ȊȖȕȏȐȓȈșȤ Ȑ țȚȊȍȘȌȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ȌȈȖ-ȔȖȡȤ ȕȍȖȉȣȟ-
ȕȈȧǪ șȐȕȍȔ ȗȖȧșȍ ș ȉȖȒȖȊ ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȖ ȌȘțȋ ȖȚ ȌȘțȋȈ Ȗȕ ȉȍȘȍȎȕȖ șȗȘȧȚȈȓ ȖȉȈ

țșȈǺȍȔ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȍȔ șȊȖȧȟȍȕȐȞȈ șȚȈȘȈȧ dzȧȖ-ǵȦȑ ȊȣȊȈȘȐȓȈ ȊȟȍȘȈȠȕȍȋȖ ȔȍȌ-
ȊȍȌȧ ȏȈȌ Ȑ țȎȍ ȎȈȘȐȓȈ ȒȈȒ șȓȍȌ ȗȖ ȕȈȒȈȏț ǿȎȈȕ-ǽȈȖ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ șȈȓȖ ȘȈșȚȘȍ-
ȡȈȓȖșȤ ȕȈ Ȋșȍ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȖȚ ȗȓȐȚȣ ȌȈȎȍ ȒȈȗȓȧ Ȋ șȚȈȘțȝȐȕ ȋȓȈȏ țȋȖȘȈȏȌȐȓȈ
ǹȚȈȘțȝȈ ȊȏȊȣȓȈ ȗȖȌȖȠȓȈ Ȓ ȖȒȕț ȖȚȒȘȣȚȤ ȍȋȖ — țȎ ȉȖȓȤȕȖ ȟȈȌȕȖ șȚȈȓȖ Ȋ
ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ
DzȈȒ ȘȈȏ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȓȍșȈ ȊȣȠȍȓ ǿȎȈȕ-ǽȈȖ
ǹȚȈȘțȝȈ ȝȖȚȤ Ȑ ȖȌȕȐȔ ȋȓȈȏȖȔ — ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȏȈȎȔțȘȐȓȈ ȖȚ ȉȖȓȐ — ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓȈ ȝȖ-
ȏȧȐȕȈ Ȑ ȕț ȒȐȕțȓȈșȤ Ȓ ȗȓȐȚȍ ȏȈȚȖȘȖȗȐȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȗȘȖ ȋȓȈȏ ȏȈȉȣȓȈ
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ǵȍȔȕȖȋȖ șȗțșȚȧ ȖȝȖȚȕȐȒ șȢȍȌȈȓ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȖȉȍȌ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȍȔț dzȧȖ-
ǵȦȑ — șȖȟȕȣȑ ȖȒȖȘȖȒ Ȑ ȘȈȏȌțȔȟȐȊȖ ȊȣȗȐȊȈȓ ȊȐȕȖ ȊșȗȖȔȐȕȈȧ ȔȣșȓȍȕȕȖ ș
șȚȘȈȠȕȖȑ ȖȝȖȚȍ Ȑ Ȗ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȖȑ țȌȈȟȍ
Ƕȕ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȚȣȑ ȖȝȖȚȕȐȒ dzȦȌȐ șȒȈȎțȚ ș ȗȖȟȚȍȕȐȍȔ:
— ǿȎȈȕ-ǽȈȖ țȉȐȓ ȚȐȋȘȈ ǿȎȈȕ-ǽȈȖ ȌȖȉȣȓ ȚȐȋȘȖȊȣȍ țșȣ

ǵǮ DZǼǹȁǯȉǺ ȀǾdzǽǮǻDZǼǺ
DzȎșȪțȓȐȜȟȠȜȥțȎȭ ȏȩșȪ

90
ǵȈȟȈȓșȧ ȊȍșȍȕȕȐȑ ȓȖȊ ȚȘȍȗȈȕȋȖȊ* ǺȘȍȗȈȕȋȖȓȖȊȕȣȍ șțȌȈ șȖȉȘȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȉȈ-
ȏț ȉȓȐȏ ǸțșșȒȖȋȖ ȖșȚȘȖȊȈ
ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȐ ȒȘțȗȕȣȍ ȗȈȘțșȕȣȍ ȒțȕȋȈșȣ ș ȈȏȐȈȚșȒȐȔȐ ȊȍșȓȈȔȐ — ©ȦȓȈȔȐª
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ ȕȍ ȋȘȍȉțȚ Ȉ ȔȍȘȕȖ ȊȘȈȡȈȦȚ ȒȈȒ ȘȣȉȈ ȝȊȖșȚȖȔ
ǬȊȈ șȍȏȖȕȈ Ȋ ȋȖȌț ȚȘȍȗȈȕȋȖȓȖȊȣ ȊȣȍȏȎȈȦȚ ȕȈ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕțȦ ȖȝȖȚț ȊȍșȕȖȑ Ȑ
ȖșȍȕȤȦ ǹ ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕȣ ȈȗȘȍȓȧ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȍȚșȧ ȊȍșȍȕȕȐȑ ȓȖȊ Ȑ ȌȓȐȚșȧ ȌȊȈ ȔȍșȧȞȈ
ǶșȍȕȕȐȑ ȓȖȊ ȚȘȍȗȈȕȋȖȓȖȊȣ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȦȚ Ȋ șȍȕȚȧȉȘȍ Ȑ ȕȍȘȍȌȒȖ ȏȈȒȈȕȟȐȊȈȦȚ Ȋ
ȌȍȒȈȉȘȍ dzȐȠȤ șțȘȖȊȣȍ ȝȖȓȖȌȈ Ȑ ȠȚȖȘȔȣ ȘȈȏȋȖȕȧȦȚ ȘȈȏȖȝȖȚȐȊȠȐȝșȧ ȓȖȊȞȖȊ
ǪȖȎȈȒ ȒțȕȋȈșȈ — ȋȓȈȊȕȣȑ ȓȖȊȍȞ-ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏ — ȕȍ ȉȖȐȚșȧ ȝȖȓȖȌȈ ȟȍȔ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȍȑ
ȚȍȔ ȓȍȋȟȍ ȓȖȊȐȚȤ DzȈȗȘȐȏȕȣȑ ȟțȚȒȐȑ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȟȍȘȊȤ ȕȍ ȚȍȘȗȐȚ ȚȍȗȓȈ ȍȋȖ șȚȐ-
ȝȐȧ-ȗȘȖȝȓȈȌȈ ǰ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȊȖȌȈ ȗȖ ȗȖȉȍȘȍȎȤȦ ȕȈȋȘȍȊȈȍȚșȧ ȌȖ  ȋȘȈȌțșȖȊ ȚȘȍȗȈȕȋ
ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȌȊȐȋȈȍȚșȧ ȊȋȓțȉȤ ȗȖȌȚȧȋȐȊȈȧ ȔȧȋȒȖȍ ȚȍȓȤȞȍ ȕȈ ȉȘȦȠȕȣȝ ȉțȋȖȘ-
ȒȈȝ — ȕȖȎȒȈȝ ǪȖȌȖȓȈȏț ȚȘțȌȕȖ ȗȘȖȕȐȒȕțȚȤ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ Ȋ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ ȋȓțȉȐȕȣ
ǹ ȕȈșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȝȖȓȖȌȖȊ ȚȘȍȗȈȕȋ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȍȚșȧ ȉȓȐȎȍ Ȓ ȉȍȘȍȋȈȔ Ȑ ȓȖȊȍȞ
ȓȍȋȒȖ șȖȉȐȘȈȍȚ ȕȈ ȋȓțȉȐȕȍ - ȔȍȚȘȖȊ ȔȈȓȖȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȣȝ ȎȐȘȕȣȝ ȟȍȘȊȍȑ ǬȈ-
Ȏȍ Ȋ ȌȍȒȈȉȘȍ ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏ ȕȍ ȉȖȐȚșȧ ȝȖȓȖȌȈ Ƕȕ ȟȈșȈȔȐ ȉȘȖȌȐȚ ȗȖȌ ȓȍȌȧȕȖȑ ȊȖȌȖȑ
Ȋ ȗȖȐșȒȈȝ ȚȘȍȗȈȕȋȖȊ ǷȖȌ ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏȕȣȔ ȕȍȗȘȖȕȐȞȈȍȔȣȔ ȕȈȘȧȌȖȔ ȕȈ ȕȍȔ Țȍȗ-
ȓȈȧ ȠȍȘșȚȧȕȈȧ ȖȌȍȎȌȈ ǽȖȓȖȌȕȖ — ȕȈȌ ȊȖȌȖȑ ȕȈ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȖȔ ȒțȕȋȈșȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ
ȞȍȓȣȔȐ ȌȕȧȔȐ ș ȋȖȘȕȣȝ ȉȍȘȍȋȖȊ ȌțȍȚ ȉȍșȗȘȍȘȣȊȕȣȑ ȓȍȌȍȕȧȡȐȑ ȕȖȘȌ ǯȧȉȕȍȚ
ȒȖȔȈȕȌȈ ȟȈșȈȔȐ ȕȈșȚȖȘȖȎȍȕȕȖ ȊȣȎȐȌȈȦȡȈȧ ȊȖȎȈȒȈ ȕȈ ȓȖȊȍȞȒȐȝ ȗȖșȚȈȝ
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Ǫ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȈȗȘȍȓȧ ȒțȕȋȈșȣ ȉȣȓȐ Ȋ ȗȖȓȕȖȔ șȕȈȘȧȎȍȕȐȐ ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉȈȝ ȏȔȍȐȓȐșȤ
ȋȐȉȒȐȍ ȘȍȏȐȕȖȊȣȍ ȠȓȈȕȋȐ ȗȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȗȖȌȈȍȚșȧ ȊȖȏȌțȝ Ȋ ȠȓȍȔ ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏȈ ȕȈ
ȉȈȒȍ ȊȣșȐȓȐșȤ ȗȐȘȈȔȐȌȣ ȒȈȌțȠȍȒ Ȍȓȧ ȚȘȍȗȈȕȋȈ Ȋ ȞȍȕȚȘȍ ȒȈȎȌȖȋȖ ȒțȕȋȈșȈ
ȟȍȚȒȖ ȊȣȌȍȓȧȓșȧ ȏȈȚȍȑȓȐȊȣȑ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȣȑ ȕȈȋȕȍȚȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȕȈșȖș ș ȚȖȘȟȈȡȐȔȐ
ȉȖȒȖȊȣȔȐ ȘțȟȒȈȔȐ
DzȈȎȌȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȓȐȠȤ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȓȈșȤ ȏȈȘȧ ȕȈ ȊȖșȚȖȒȍ ȒțȕȋȈșȣ ȒȈȒ ȝȐȡȕȣȍ ȗȚȐ-
Ȟȣ ȘȈȏȓȍȚȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȗȈȘțșȈȝ Ȋ ȘȈȏȕȣȍ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȗȖ ȚȘȍȗȈȕȋȖȊȣȔ ©ȋȕȍȏȌȈȔª
ǹ  ȋȖȌȈ Ȋ ȏȈȓȐȊȍ ǷȍȚȘȈ ǪȍȓȐȒȖȋȖ Ȋ Ȟȍȓȧȝ șȖȝȘȈȕȍȕȐȧ ȌȘȈȋȖȞȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȟȍȘ-
Ȋȧ ȖȚ ȝȐȡȕȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȐșȚȘȍȉȓȍȕȐȧ șȖȊȍȚșȒȐȔȐ ȊȓȈșȚȧȔȐ ȊȊȍȌȍȕȖ ©ȚȘȍȝȗȖȓȤȍª.
dzȖȊȞȣ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ șȖȉȐȘȈȚȤ ©ȎȈȚȊțª ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȟȍȘȊȧ ȕȈ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȖȔ ©ȗȖȓȍª ȗȖ-
* Ɍɪɟɩɚɧɝɢ ɢɥɢ ɝɨɥɨɬɭɪɢɢ — ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɟ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ɢɝɥɨɤɨɠɢɯ ɱɟɪɜɟɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ ɜ ɨɬ-
ɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɢɝɥɨɤɨɠɢɯ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɤɨɠɢɫɬɵɦɢ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚɦɢ ɀɢɜɭɬ ɧɚ ɞɧɟ
ɦɨɪɹ ɤɚɤ ɜɛɥɢɡɢ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɧɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɚɯ ɡɚɪɵɜɚɹɫɶ ɜ ɩɟɫɨɤ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɥɡɚɹ ɩɨ
ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɹɦ ɤɨɪɚɥɥɚɦ ɢ ɬ ɩ ɉɢɬɚɸɬɫɹ ɦɟɥɤɢɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚɦɢ Ƚɨɥɨɬɭɪɢɢ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɬɛɪɚɫɵɜɚɬɶ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɭɫɤɢ ɬɟɥɚ ɧɨ ɩɨɬɟɪɹɧɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɫɬ-
ɪɨ ɜɨɡɨɛɧɨɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ Ƚɨɥɨɬɭɪɢɣ ɧɚɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ  ɜɢɞɨɜ ɂɡ ɝɨɥɨɬɭɪɢɣ ɫɧɚɛɠɟɧ-
ɧɵɯ ɧɨɝɚɦɢ ɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɢɳɭ ɢ ɩɨɞ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟɦ ©ɬɪɟɩɚɧɝɚª ɫɨɫɬɚɜ-
ɥɹɸɬ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɥɢ

92
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȈ ȒȘȈșȐȊȖȔ ȓȍȋȒȖȔ ȒțȕȋȈșȍ ȹ  ȋȓȈȊȕȈȧ ȘȖȓȤ ȊȖȎȈȒȈ-ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏȈ
ȌȖșȚȈȓȈșȤ șȚȈȘȖȔț ȘțșșȒȖȔț ȚȘȍȗȈȕȋȖȓȖȊț ǼȍȌȖȘț ǪȣȌȘȐȕț
ǪȖȌȖȓȈȏ șȈȔ ȗȖȌȖȉȘȈȓ ȒȖȔȈȕȌț ȕȈ ȒțȕȋȈșȍ ǹȐȋȕȈȓȤȡȐȒȖȔ Ȍȓȧ șȊȧȏȐ ș șțȌ-
ȕȖȔ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȖȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȋȓȈșȐȓ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȋȖ ȕȖ ȉȣȊȈȓȖȋȖ ȔȖȘȧ-
ȒȈ ȘȣȎȍȋȖ ȗȈȘȕȧ ǹȍȔȍȕȈ ǭȘȠȖȊȈ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȋȖ ȊȖ Ȋșȍȝ ȌȈȓȤȕȍȊȖșȚȖȟȕȣȝ ȗȖȘȚȖ-
Ȋȣȝ ȚȈȊȍȘȕȈȝ ȗȖȌ ȒȓȐȟȒȖȑ ©ǹȍȔȋȐ-ǭȘȠȈª
ǶșȚȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȠȍșȚȤ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȣ — Ȍȓȧ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ ȗȖ ȊȣȚȘȈȊȓȐȊȈȕȐȦ ȠȓȈȕ-
ȋȈ ȗȖ ȕȈȒȈȟȒȍ ȊȖȏȌțȝȈ ȕȈ ȕȈșȖșȍ ȗȖ ©Ȧȓțª ȋȘȍȉȓȍ
 — ȉȣȓȐ ȖȚȖȉȘȈȕȣ ǪȣȌ-
ȘȐȕȣȔ Ȑȏ șȚȈȘȣȝ ȚȘȍȗȈȕȋȖȓȖȊȖȊ-ȒȖȘȍȑȞȍȊ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ ȌȖȓȋȐȍ ȋȖȌȣ
ȝȐȡȕȐȟȈȓ ȘțșșȒȐȑ ȚȘȍȗȈȕȋȖȓȖȊ ȗȖ ȗȖȉȍȘȍȎȤȦ
DzțȕȋȈș ȹ  ȏȈȔȍȚȕȖ ȖȚȓȐȟȈȓșȧ ȖȚ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȒțȕȋȈșȖȊ ȗȖȝȖȎȐȝ ȌȘțȋ ȕȈ
ȌȘțȋȈ ǵȈ ȕȖșț ǪȣȌȘȐȕșȒȖȋȖ șțȌȕȈ ș ȉȖȘȚȖȊ ȚȈȘȈȡȐȓȐșȤ ȌȊȈ ȘȣȉȤȐȝ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȑș-
ȒțșȕȖ ȊȣȘȍȏȈȕȕȣȝ ȕȈ ȌȍȘȍȊȍ ǸȣȉȤȐ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȖȉȓȐȟȈȓȐ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȖȍ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȎ-
ȌȍȕȐȍ șțȌȕȈ ǷȖ ȗȖȊȍȘȐȦ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȍȊ-ȔȖȘȧȒȖȊ șțȌȕȖ ȉȍȏ ȋȓȈȏ ȓȍȋȒȖ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȕȈ-
șȒȖȟȐȚȤ ȕȈ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȣȑ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ șȍșȚȤ ȕȈ ȔȍȓȤ ȐȓȐ ȌȈȎȍ ȏȈȉȓțȌȐȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȔȖȘșȒȐȝ
ȗȘȖșȚȖȘȈȝ ǿȍȋȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȌțȔȈȦȚ ȔȖȘȧȒȐ
DzțȕȋȈș ȓȍȋȒȖ Ȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖ Ƞȍȓ ȕȈ ȈȏȐȈȚșȒȖȔ ȊȣșȖȒȖȔ ȟȍȚȣȘȍȝțȋȖȓȤȕȖȔ ȗȈȘț-
șȍ ǯȈȗȓȈȚȈȕȕȣȑ ȊȌȖȓȤ Ȑ ȗȖȗȍȘȍȒ ȗȈȘțș ȉȣȓ ȐșȗȍȡȘȍȕ ȒȘȈșȕȣȔȐ ȉțȒȊȈȔȐ Ȑ
șȐȕȐȔȐ ȚȘȍțȋȖȓȤȕȐȒȈȔȐ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ șȠȐȚ Ȑȏ șȚȈȘȣȝ Ȕțȟȕȣȝ ȔȍȠȒȖȊ
DzȈȎȌȖȍ țȚȘȖ ȟțȚȤ șȊȍȚ ȒțȕȋȈș ȹ ȗȖȒȐȌȈȓ ȉȈȏț ȓȈȊȐȘȖȊȈȓ ȗȖ ȏȈȓȐȊț ȗȘȧ-
ȟȈșȤ ȖȚ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȒțȕȋȈșȖȊ Ȑ șȒȘȣȊȈȓșȧ ȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ ș ȗȖȓȧ ȏȘȍȕȐȧ
ǹȐȓȈȟ ȒȖȘȍȍȞ ǾȖȑ ȊșȍȔ ȚȍȓȖȔ ȕȈȊȈȓȐȊȈȓșȧ ȚȖ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ȚȖ ȕȈȏȈȌ ȕȈ ȠȐȘȖ-
ȒȖȍ ȒȖȘȔȖȊȖȍ ȊȍșȓȖ ©ȦȓȖª Ȑ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȖȚ ȍȋȖ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧ ȒțȕȋȈș ȗȍȘȍȊȈȓȐȊȈȓșȧ
ș ȉȖȒț ȕȈ ȉȖȒ ȒȈȒ ȖȚȢȍȊȠȈȧșȧ ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒȈȧ țȚȒȈ
Ǫ ȕȣȕȍȠȕȐȑ ȊȍșȍȕȕȐȑ șȍȏȖȕ ȊȣȌȘȐȕșȒȈȧ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȈ ȗȘȖȔȣȠȓȧȓȈ Ȋ ȕȍȉȖȓȤ-
ȠȖȑ ȕȖ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȑ ȉțȝȚȍ ȗȖȌ ȕȈȌȍȎȕȣȔ ȗȘȐȒȘȣȚȐȍȔ ȊȣșȖȒȖȋȖ ȖșȚȘȖȊȈ ǹȒȈȓȣ
ȖșȚȘȖȊȈ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȣȍ ȚȖȓșȚȣȔ șȓȖȍȔ ȗȚȐȟȤȍȋȖ ȋțȈȕȖ* ȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ ȐȏȌȈȓȐ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȣ-
ȔȐ șȕȍȋȖȔ
ǯȈ ȒțȕȋȈșȖȔ ȕȍȐȏȔȍȕȕȖ ȗȓȣȓȐ ȋȖȓȖȊȈșȚȣȍ ȚȦȓȍȕȐ-ȕȍȘȗȣ — ȌȖȉȘȖȊȖȓȤȕȣȍ
ȗȘȖȊȖȎȈȚȣȍ ȔȖȘȌȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȣȔȐ Ȑ ȊȣȘȈȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔȐ ȉȓȈ-
ȋȖȌȈȘȧ ȚȖȘȟȈȡȐȔ Ȑȏ ȊȖȌȣ țșȈȔ ǷȘȐ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȍȕȐȐ ȒțȕȋȈșȈ ș ȊȖȌȣ șȘȣȊȈȓȐșȤ
ȚțȟȐ ȟȍȘȕȣȝ ȕȣȘȒȖȊ Ȑ ȉȖȘȖȏȌȧ ȊȖȓȕȣ ȗȍȘȍȒȐȌȣȊȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȕȖȊȣȍ ȔȍșȚȈ ǵȈ
ȖșȚȘȖȊȍ șȖ șȒȈȓȣ ȕȈ șȒȈȓț Ȑ ȕȈȌ ȊȖȌȖȑ ȕȖșȐȓȐșȤ ș ȒȘȐȒȈȔȐ ȚȣșȧȟȐ ȋȈȋȈȘ ȉȈȒ-
ȓȈȕȖȊ ȟȈȍȒ
ǪȣȌȘȐȕ ȉȖȧȓșȧ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȕȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȗȚȐȟȤȍȋȖ ȒȘȐȒȈ
— DzȈȒ ȉȣ ȋȖȘȓȈșȚȣȍ ȕȍ ȏȈșȣȗȈȓȐ — ȊȖȘȟȈȓ ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏ
ǪșȗțȋȈȕȕȣȍ ȗȚȐȞȣ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȊȣȌȈȚȤ ȚȘȍȗȈȕȋȖȓȖȊȈȔ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȒțȕȋȈșȖȊ șȍȒȘȍȚ-
ȕȖȍ ȌȖȉȣȟȓȐȊȖȍ ȚȘȍȗȈȕȋȖȊȖȍ ©ȋȕȍȏȌȖª
DzȈȎȌȈȧ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȈ ȏȕȈȍȚ șȊȖȐ ȐȏȓȦȉȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȉȖȋȈȚȣȍ ©ȔȍșȚȈª Ȑ ȓȖȊȞȣ Ȋșȧ-
ȟȍșȒȐ șȒȘȣȊȈȦȚ Ȑȝ ȌȘțȋ ȖȚ ȌȘțȋȈ ǵȈ ȉȈȏȍ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȏȕȈȚȤ ȋȌȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚșȧ
* Ƚɭɚɧɨ — ɡɚɥɟɝɚɸɳɚɹ ɬɨɥɫɬɵɦɢ ɫɥɨɹɦɢ ɫɦɟɫɶ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɪɚɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɦɟɬɚ ɦɨɪɫ-
ɤɢɯ ɩɬɢɰ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɠɚɪɤɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɜ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɜɨɞɵ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ-
ɱɬɢ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɭɞɨɛɪɟɧɢɹ

93
Ȋ ȌȈȕȕȣȑ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȚȖȚ ȐȓȐ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȒțȕȋȈș ȥȚȖ ȗȘȖȔȣșȓȖȊȈȧ ȚȈȑȕȈ
ǻȎȍ ȕȍȌȍȓȧ ȒȈȒ ȖȝȖȚȐȚșȧ Ȋ ȏȈȒȘȣȚȖȑ ȉțȝȚȖȟȒȍ ȒțȕȋȈș ȹ Ȑ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ
ȒȖȔȈȕȌȈ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȓȈșȤ ș ȉȖȋȈȚȣȔ țȓȖȊȖȔ
ǵȈ ȔȖȘȍ țȎȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȕȍȑ șȚȖȐȚ ȠȚȐȓȤ ǽȖȓȖȌȕȖ șȊȍȎȖ ȍȡȍ Ȑ ǪȣȌȘȐȕ
ȌȖȊȖȓȍȕ ȍȔț ȕȍ ȕțȎȕȖ ȏȈȉȐȘȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ ȋȓțȉȐȕȣ ȕȈ - ȔȍȚȘȈȝ ȗȖȌ ȊȖ-
ȌȖȑ Ȗȕ ȓȍȋȒȖ Ȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȕȈȉȐȊȈȍȚ ȏȈȗȓȍȟȕȣȑ ȔȍȠȖȒ țȗȐȚȈȕȕȣȔȐ ȚȘȍȗȈȕȋȈȔȐ
ǰ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȈ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȈ șȊȖȐȔ ȊȖȎȈȒȖȔ ǵȍ ȊȍȘȧȚ ȒȖȘȍȑȞȣ ȘțșșȒȐȔ ȊȖȌȖȓȈ-
ȏȈȔ-ȚȘȍȗȈȕȋȖȓȖȊȈȔ ȘțșșȒȐȍ ȕȍ ȔȖȋțȚ ȚȈȒ ȗȘȖȊȖȘȕȖ ȕȖșȐȚȤșȧ ȗȖ Ȍȕț ȔȖȘșȒȖ-
Ȕț ȒȈȒ ȒȖȘȍȑȞȣ ǮȍȓȚȖȓȐȞȣȑ ȒȖȘȍȍȞ-ȓȖȊȍȞ ȋȖȚȖȊ ȉȍȋȈȚȤ ȒȈȒ țȋȖȘȍȓȣȑ ȗȖȌ
ȊȖȌȖȑ Ȋ ȗȖȐșȒȈȝ ȌȖȉȣȟȐ Ȑ ȍȔț ȕȍ ȔȍȠȈȦȚ ȗțȌȖȊȣȍ șȈȗȖȋȐ ȖȉȐȚȣȍ ȗȖȓțȌȦȑ-
ȔȖȊȣȔ ȎȍȓȍȏȖȔ ǵȖ ǪȣȌȘȐȕȈ ȞȍȕȧȚ ǵȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȕȈȌȍȍȚșȧ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȈ ǪȖȚ ȗȖȟȍȔț ș
ȒȈȎȌȣȝ ȌȍșȧȚȐ ȏȈȘȈȉȖȚȈȕȕȣȝ Șțȉȓȍȑ Ȋșȍȑ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȖȑ ȊȖȎȈȒ ȗȖȓțȟȈȍȚ ȚȘȐ Șțȉ-
ȓȧ Ȉ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȉȍȘțȚ ȗȖ ȖȌȕȖȔț ȘțȉȓȦ
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ǫȓȈȏȈ ǪȣȌȘȐȕȈ ȗȖȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȕȈ ȋȓțȉȖȒȐȍ șȚȖȧȟȐȍ ȊȖȌȣ șȐȕȐȍ ȗȘȐșȚȈȓȤȕȣȍ
șȓȖȊȕȖ ȏȈșȚȍȒȓȍȕȍȊȠȐȍ ȖȕȐ ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȖ ȉȣȓȐ țșȚȘȍȔȓȍȕȣ Ȋ ȖȌȕț Ȑ Țț Ȏȍ ȚȖȟ-
Ȓț ȒȖȋȌȈ ǪȣȌȘȐȕ ȖȚȌȣȝȈȓ ȕȈ ȒțȕȋȈșȍ ǵȖ șȚȖȐȓȖ ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏț ȖȗțșȚȐȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ
ȒȈȒ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȍȋȖ ȔȐȋȖȔ ȏȈȋȖȘȈȓȐșȤ Ȑ ș ȝȐȡȕȣȔ ȉȓȍșȒȖȔ ȠȈȘȐȓȐ
ȗȖ Ȍȕț
ǻȋȘȦȔȣȑ ȕȍȗȖȊȖȘȖȚȓȐȊȣȑ ȕȈ șțȠȍ ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏ ȖȎȐȊȈȓ Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȖȔ ȕȍ-
ȔȖȔ ȖȌȐȕȖȟȍșȚȊȍ ǵȈ Ȍȕȍ ȔȖȘșȒȖȔ Ȗȕ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ șȍȉȧ ȒȈȒ ț șȍȉȧ ȌȖȔȈ ǯȌȍșȤ
ǪȣȌȘȐȕ ȗȘȖȌțȔȣȊȈȓ șȊȖȐ ȗȖșȚțȗȒȐ ȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȓ Ȋ ȠȓȍȔ șȖȒȘȖȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȣ
ȌȍȓȐȓșȧ șȈȔ ș șȖȉȖȦ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȕȍȏȈȚȍȑȓȐȊȣȔȐ ȔȣșȓȧȔȐ
ǷȖȌ ȊȖȌȖȑ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȔȍȠȈȓ ǪȣȌȘȐȕț ȉȣȚȤ șȈȔȐȔ șȖȉȖȦ
©DzȈȉȣ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȌȍȘȎȈȚȤ ȒȈȒ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȟȈȡȍ ȌȈ ȗȖȌȖȓȤȠȍ ȗȖȌ ȊȖȌȖȑ șȒȖ-
ȓȤȒȖ ȉȣ ȓȐȠȕȍȋȖ ȏȓȈ ȗȍȘȍȊȍȓȖșȤ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ ǴȕȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȌȍȓȈȍȚ ȏȘȧ ȗȖȚȖȔț
ȟȚȖ ȕȍȒȖȋȌȈ ȍȔț ȔȖȏȋȖȔ ȘȈșȒȐȕțȚȤ ș șȈȔȐȔ șȖȉȖȑ ȖȉșțȌȐȚȤ ȒȈȒ șȓȍȌ Ȗ ȎȐȏȕȐ
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȑª — ȏȈȧȊȐȓ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏ ǹȍȔȋȍ-ǭȘȠț ȗȖșȓȍ ȉțȑȕȖȑ ȌȘȈȒȐ ȌȊțȝ
ȒȖȘȍȑȞȍȊ ȕȈ ȒțȕȋȈșȍ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ ȕȍȓȍȗȖȋȖ ȗțșȚȧȒȈ
ǰ ȓȦȉȐȓ ǪȣȌȘȐȕ ȔȍȟȚȈȚȤ ȗȖȌ ȊȖȌȖȑ Ȗ ȋȖȓțȉȣȝ Ȑ ȉȍȓȣȝ ȊȣȘȖȌȒȈȝ — ȚȘȍȗȈȕ-
ȋȈȝ
©ǪȖȚ ȉȣ ȕȈȑȚȐ Ȕȕȍ șȘȈȏț ȞȍȓȖȍ ȋȕȍȏȌȖ ȋȖȓțȉȣȝ ȟȍȘȊȍȑ — ȖȉȍșȗȍȟȐȓ ȉȣ ȘȈ-
ȏȖȔ șȊȖȦ șȚȈȘȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȉȘȖșȐȓ ȉȣ ȥȚȖȚ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȑ ȗȘȖȔȣșȍȓª — ȌțȔȈȓ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ
ǪȖȌȖȓȈȏ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȗȖȗȈȌȈȦȚșȧ ȉȍȓȣȍ Ȉ ȍȡȍ ȘȍȎȍ ȖȌȐȕȖȒȐȍ
ȋȖȓțȉȣȍ ȊȣȘȖȌȒȐ-ȟȍȘȊȐ ǯȈ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȟȍȘȊȧ ȓȦȉȐȚȍȓȐ-ȒȐȚȈȑȞȣ ȋȖȚȖȊȣ ȗȓȈ-
ȚȐȚȤ ȌȍșȧȚȒȐ Șțȉȓȍȑ
ǵȖ ȏȈ ȊșȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȍȔț ȕȐ ȘȈȏț ȕȍ ȌȖȊȍȓȖșȤ ȕȈȑȚȐ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȉȍȓȖȋȖ ȐȓȐ ȋȖ-
ȓțȉȖȋȖ ȚȘȍȗȈȕȋȈ
ǵȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȈȧ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȐȧ — ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȈȧ ȘȈȉȖȚȈ — ȕȈȓȖȎȐȓȈ ȖșȖȉȣȑ ȖȚȗȍȟȈ-
ȚȖȒ ȕȈ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘ ǪȣȌȘȐȕȈ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȊȕȍȠȕȍȔ ȖȉȓȐȒȍ Ȋ ȕȍțȊȍȘȍȕȕȖȑ ȚȧȎȍ-
ȓȖȑ ȗȖȝȖȌȒȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȖȚ ȔȖȘȧ

94
©Ǵȕȍ ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȖ șȕȐȚșȧ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑ ȚȖȚ Ȏȍ șȖȕ ȧ ȏȈȗțȚȣȊȈȦșȤ Ȋ ȠȓȈȕȋȍ Ȗȕ
ȘȊȍȚșȧ ȗȖȌ ȊȖȌȖȑ Ȑ Ȕȍȕȧ ȌțȠȐȚ ȔȖȘȍª — ȟȈșȚȖ ȎȈȓȖȊȈȓșȧ Ȗȕ
ǪȣȌȘȐȕ ȗȘȖȒȓȐȕȈȓ șȊȖȑ ȗȘȖȔȣșȍȓ Ȑ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȚȍȔ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȎȐȚȤ ȉȍȏ ȕȍȋȖ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȒȖȕȟȈȓșȧ ȚȘȍȗȈȕȋȖȓȖȊȕȣȑ șȍȏȖȕ Ȑ ȟȍȘȊȤ țȋȓțȉȓȧȓșȧ Ȋ ȗȘȖȝȓȈȌȕȣȍ șȓȖȐ
ȊȖȌȣ ǪȣȌȘȐȕ ȗȖȒȐȌȈȓ ȒțȕȋȈș Ȑ ȕȈ șțȠȍ ȚȖșȒȖȊȈȓ ȗȖ Ȍȕț ȔȖȘșȒȖȔț ǭȔț ȟȍȋȖ-
ȚȖ ȕȍȌȖșȚȈȊȈȓȖ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ Ȗȕ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ șȍȉȧ ȓȐȠȕȐȔ ȕȐȒȖȔț ȕȍ ȕțȎȕȣȔ ȟȍ-
ȓȖȊȍȒȖȔ ǰ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖșȍȕȕȐȑ ȊȍȚȍȘ ȗȘȐȕȖșȐȓ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋ șȖȓȍȕȣȑ ȕȈșȣȡȍȕȕȣȑ ȔȖ-
ȘȍȔ ȚțȔȈȕ ǪȣȌȘȐȕ ȗȖȒȐȌȈȓ șțȠț
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ǹȚȈȘȣȑ ȚȘȍȗȈȕȋȖȓȖȊ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȓșȧ șȊȖȐȔ ȗȘȖȔȣșȓȖȔ ȍȡȍ Ȋ Țȍ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ
ȘțșșȒȐȍ ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȓȐșȤ ȚȘȍȗȈȕȋȖȊȣȔ ȓȖȊȖȔ ǵȈ ȏȈȓȐȊȍ ȗȖ ȗȖȉȍȘȍȎȤȦ
ȘȈȏȌȖȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȖȔȣȠȓȧȓȐ ȒȖȘȍȑȞȣ Ȑ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȔȍȠȈȓ
ȆȕȖȠȍȑ ǪȣȌȘȐȕ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓșȧ ș ȥȕȍȘȋȐȟȕȣȔ ȗȐȖȕȍȘȖȔ ȒȘȈȧ — ȀȔȍȓȍȊȣȔ
ȏȈȟȐȕȈȚȍȓȍȔ ȘțșșȒȖȋȖ ȚȘȍȗȈȕȋȖȓȖȊȕȖȋȖ ȌȍȓȈ ȅȚȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ ȝȖȘȖ-
ȠȖ ȗȖȔȕȧȚ șȚȈȘȖȎȐȓȣ ©ǽȈȑ-ȠȐȕ-Ȋȍȧª — ©ǪȍȓȐȒȖȋȖ ȋȘȈȌȈ ȚȘȍȗȈȕȋȖȊª ȒȈȒ ȒȐ-
ȚȈȑȞȣ ȏȖȊțȚ ȋȖȘȖȌ ǪȓȈȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒ
ȀȔȍȓȍȊ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȑ Ȋ ȒȘȈȍ ȗȖȌ ȐȔȍȕȍȔ ©ȗȘȐȍȔȕȖȋȖ șȣȕȈ DzȐȚȈȧª ȏȈȎȍȋ ȦȕȖ-
Ƞț șȊȖȐȔ ȥȕȚțȏȐȈȏȔȖȔ Ȑ țȊȓȍȒ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ ©ȐșȒȈȚȤ șȟȈșȚȤȍª Ȋ ȉȖȘȖȌȈȊȟȈȚȖȔ
ȔȖȘșȒȖȔ ȟȘȍȊȍ
ǰ ș Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ ǪȣȌȘȐȕ ȔȍȟȚȈȍȚ Ȗ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȖȔ ȒȓȈȌȍ Ȗ ȋȖȓțȉȖȔ ©șȊȧȡȍȕȕȖȔª
ȚȘȍȗȈȕȋȍ
ǪȣȌȘȐȕ ȓȦȉȐȚ ȊșȗȖȔȐȕȈȚȤ ȗȘȖȠȓȖȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȈ ȏȈȓȐȊȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȍȡȍ ȚȘȍȗȈȕ-
ȋȖȓȖȊȖȊ-ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏȖȊ ǺȖȋȌȈ ȏȕȈȓȐ ȓȐȠȤ ȌȊȈ ȗȘȐȍȔȈ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȖȋȖ ȝȐȡȕȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ
ȗȘȖȔȣșȓȈ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȓșȧ ©ȓȈ-ȝȈȑ-ȠȍȕȤª ȚȖ ȍșȚȤ ©ȕȈȊȖȌȐȚȤ ȏȊȍȘȧª
ȊȚȖȘȖȑ Ȏȍ — ©ȞȈ-ȒȈȑ-ȠȍȕȤª — ©ȒȖȓȖȚȤ ȏȊȍȘȧª ©ǵȈȊȖȌȐȓȐ ȏȊȍȘȧª ȊșȓȍȗțȦ Ȋ
ȋȓțȉȖȒȐȝ ȚȘȍȗȈȕȋȖȊȣȝ ȔȍșȚȈȝ — ȌȘȈȋȖȑ ǬȘȈȋȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȘȖșȚȈ Ȓ ȟȍȚȣȘȍȝțȋȖȓȤ-
ȕȖȑ ȔȍȚȈȓȓȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȘȈȔȍ ȗȘȐȒȘȍȗȓȧȓȈșȤ ȗȘȖȟȕȈȧ ȕȐȚȧȕȈȧ șȍȚȒȈ ȕȈ ȕȐȎȕȍȑ
șȚȖȘȖȕȍ ȘȈȔȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȖȌȊȍȠȍȕȣ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȍ ȋȘțȏȐȓȈ Ȑȏ șȊȐȕȞȈ
ǪȣȌȘȐȕ ȗȘȖȔȣȠȓȧȓ ȌȘȈȋȖȑ ș ȒȖȘȍȑȞȍȔ ǾȖȍȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓ ȦȓȖȔ
ȕȈ ȖȌȕȖȔ ș ȕȐȔ ȒțȕȋȈșȍ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȊȈ ȓȖȊȞȈ ȔȖȋȓȐ șȗȘȈȊȐȚȤșȧ ș ȚȈȒȐȔ ȓȖȊȖȔ
ȖȌȐȕ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓ ȊȍșȓȖȔ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ Ȏȍ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȚȧȕțȚȤ ȌȘȈȋț ȏȈ ȊȍȘȍȊȒț
©DzȖȓȖȓ ȏȊȍȘȧª ǪȣȌȘȐȕ Ȋ ȖȌȐȕȖȟȒț Ȑ ȥȚȖȚ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȑ șȗȖșȖȉ ȍȔț ȕȘȈȊȐȓșȧ
ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȌȘȈȋȐ dzȖȊȧ ȊșȓȍȗțȦ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȐȠȤ ȟȍȘȊȧ Ȑ ȊȣȚȈșȒȐȊȈȧ ȌȘȈȋț ȕȈȝȖȌȐȠȤ Ȋ
ȕȍȑ ȔȖȘșȒȐȝ ȎȍșȚȒȖȐȋȓȣȝ ȍȎȍȑ ȒȘȈșȐȊȖ țȏȖȘȟȈȚȣȝ ȏȊȍȏȌ ȔȍȌțȏ țșȚȘȐȞ ȒȘȈ-
ȉȖȊ — Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ țȋȖȌȕȖ ȕȖ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ șȢȍȌȖȉȕȖȋȖ ȟȍȘȊȧ
DzȖȓȖȚȤ Ȏȍ ©ȏȊȍȘȧª — ȔȧșȐșȚȖȋȖ ȕȍȗȖȊȖȘȖȚȓȐȊȖȋȖ ȟȍȘȊȧ — ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȈ-
ȊȍȘȕȧȒȈ Ȋ ȕȍȋȓțȉȖȒȐȝ ȔȍșȚȈȝ ȓȍȋȒȖȑ ȌȓȐȕȕȖȑ ȖșȚȘȖȋȖȑ ș ȟȍȚȣȘȤȔȧ Ȏȍȓȍȏȕȣ-
ȔȐ ȏțȉȞȈȔȐ
DzȈȒ Ȑ ț Ȋșȍȝ ȝȐȡȕȐȒȖȊ ș ǪȣȌȘȐȕȣȔ Ȋ ȠȈȔȗțȕȒȍ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖȍ
Ȍȓȧ ȓȖȊȈ ©ȏȍȘȒȈȓȖª ©ǯȍȘȒȈȓȖȔª ț ȓȖȊȞȖȊ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȓșȧ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȒȊȈȌȘȈȚȕȣȑ ȌȖ-
ȡȈȚȣȑ ȧȡȐȒ ȗȖ ȊȐȌț ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȦȡȐȑ ȌȍȘȍȊȧȕȕȣȍ ȒȖȘȖȉȒȐ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȐȏȋȖ-

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ȚȖȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȚȊȖȘȖȎȕȈȧ ȗȈșȝȈ ǵȈ Ȍȕȍ ȧȡȐȒȈ ȉȣȓȖ ȊșȚȈȊȓȍȕȖ ȖȉȣȟȕȖȍ ȖȒȖȕȕȖȍ
șȚȍȒȓȖ
ǬȍȘȎȈ ȏȈ ȉȖȒȖȊȣȍ ȊȍȘȍȊȖȟȕȣȍ ȘțȟȒȐ ǪȣȌȘȐȕ șȚȈȊȐȓ ȕȈ ȊȖȌț ©ȏȍȘȒȈȓȖª
șȚȍȒȓȧȕȕȣȔ ȌȕȖȔ Ȑ ȗȘȐȓȤȕțȊ ȓȐȞȖȔ Ȓ ȊȍȘȝȕȍȑ ȗȖȓȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȍ ȊȣȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȓ
ȌȖȉȣȟț ȕȈ ȋȓțȉȐȕȍ ȌȖ ȌȍșȧȚȐ ȔȍȚȘȖȊ ǵȈȔȍȚȐȊ ȚȘȍȗȈȕȋȈ Ȗȕ ȕȈȞȍȓȐȊȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȕȍ-
ȋȖ ȓȖȊȍȞȒȐȔ ȒȖȗȤȍȔ Ȑ ȊȔȐȋ ȊȚȈșȒȐȊȈȓ Ȋ ȓȖȌȒț
DzȘȖȗȖȚȓȐȊȣȔ ȓȖȊȖȔ ȌȖȉȣȊȈȧ ȗȖ ȖȌȕȖȔț ȗȖȓțȜțȕȚȖȊȖȔț ȟȍȘȊȦ șȖ ȌȕȈ ȔȖȘ-
șȒȖȋȖ ȖȗȣȚȕȣȑ ȓȖȊȍȞ țȔțȌȘȧȓșȧ ȗȖȕȈȚȈșȒȈȚȤ ȗȖ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȗțȌȖȊ Ȋ ȌȍȕȤ ǰȏ
ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ ȗțȌȖȊ șȊȍȎȍȑ ȌȖȉȣȟȐ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȓ ȗțȌ șțȝȖȋȖ ȖȉȘȈȉȖȚȈȕȕȖȋȖ
ȟȍȘȊȧ ȏȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ Ȗȕ ȗȖȓțȟȈȓ ȖȚ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȍȊ-ȋȈșȚȘȖȕȖȔȖȊ ȗȖ - Șțȉȓȍȑ
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȍȘȍȌ șȈȔȖȑ ȐȔȗȍȘȐȈȓȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȊȖȑȕȖȑ Ȋ ȏȈȓȐȊȍ ǷȍȚȘȈ ǪȍȓȐȒȖȋȖ
ȗȖȧȊȐȓȐșȤ ȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȓȖȊȞȣ-ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏȣ Ȑ ǼȍȌȖȘ ǪȣȌȘȐȕ ȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȖȌȕȐȔ Ȑȏ ȗȍȘ-
Ȋȣȝ dzȍȋȒțȦ ȖșȚȘȖȋț Ȑ ȕȍțȌȖȉȕțȦ ȌȘȈȋț Ȗȕ șȔȍȕȐȓ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȔ ȋȘȖȔȖȏȌȒȐȔ ȒȖș-
ȚȦȔȖȔ ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏȈ Ȑ țȎȍ ȕȍ ©ȒȖȓȖȓª Ȑ ȕȍ ©ȕȈȊȖȌȐȓ ȏȊȍȘȧª Ȉ ȓȈȏȐȓ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ ȕȈ
ȔȖȘșȒȖȍ ȌȕȖ
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ǹȚȈȘȣȑ ȚȘȍȗȈȕȋȖȓȖȊ ȕȈșȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȏȕȈȓ ȚȘȍȗȈȕȋȈ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȟȚȖ ȗȖ
ȔȈȓȍȑȠȐȔ ȐȏȔȍȕȍȕȐȧȔ Ȋ ȗȖȊȍȌȍȕȐȐ ȟȍȘȊȧ ȗȘȍȌțȋȈȌȣȊȈȓ ȗȖȋȖȌț
— ǫȖȚȖȊȤȚȍ ȚȍȕȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȠȚȖȘȔț — ȏȈȧȊȓȧȓ ǪȣȌȘȐȕ ȗȖȌȕȧȊȠȐșȤ șȖ ȌȕȈ ȔȖȘ-
șȒȖȋȖ— ǺȘȍȗȈȕȋ ȕȖȕȟȍ ȕȍȗȖȒȖȍȕ ȏȈȘȣȊȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȗȍșȖȒ ȓȍȏȍȚ ȗȖȌ ȘȈȒțȠȒȐ
ǴȖȘȍ ȉȣȓȖ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȕȖ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȈ ȗȖșȓțȠȕȖ ȘȈȏȊȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȓȈ ȚȍȕȚ ǪȣȌȘȐȕ
ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȖȠȐȉȈȓșȧ
ǪȖȘȖȟȈȧ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ Ȋ ȗȘȖșȚȖȘȕȖȔ ȠȓȍȔȍ ș ȚȘȍȔȧ ȖȒȕȈȔȐ — ȗȍȘȍȌ ȓȐȞȖȔ Ȑ ȗȖ
ȉȖȒȈȔ — Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȈȓ ȏȖȘȒȐȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȕȣȝ ȖșȤȔȐȕȖȋȖȊ
ȗȘȐȚȈȐȊȠȐȝșȧ ȕȈ ȒȈȔȕȧȝ
ǰ ȒȈȔȕȐ Ȑ ȖȉȓȍȗȐȊȠȍȍ Ȑȝ ȉȍȏȖȉȘȈȏȕȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ ȖșȤȔȐȕȖȋȈ ȉȣȓȐ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȚȖ-
ȋȖ Ȏȍ ȋȘȧȏȕȖ-ȚȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȞȊȍȚȈ dzȐȠȤ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȣȍ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȐȍ ȉțȚȣȓȖȟȕȖȋȖ ȞȊȍ-
ȚȈ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȊȣȌȈȊȈȓȐ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ
ǪșȚȘȍȟȈ șȖ șȗȘțȚȖȔ — ȊȍșȖȔ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȌȖ  ȒȐȓȖȋȘȈȔȔ — ȕȍ ȗțȋȈȓȈ ȉȣȊȈ-
ȓȖȋȖ ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏȈ Ƕȕ ȖȚȓȐȟȕȖ ȏȕȈȓ țȓȖȊȒȐ Ȑ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘ ȝȐȡȕȐȒȈ ǯȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȖșȤȔȐ-
ȕȖȋȐ ȎȐȊțȚ Ȋ șȒȈȓȈȝ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȐȔȐ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȈȔȐ Ȑ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȐȓ ȎȐȊȖȚ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȊȖȏȓȍ ȒȈȔȕȍȑ ȖȗȈșȈȧșȤ ȏȈșȈȌȣ
ǵȖ ȋȖȘȍ ȚȖȔț șȗȘțȚț ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȊȣȝȖȌȧ Ȋ ȖȌȐȕȖȟȕțȦ ȘȈȏȊȍȌȒț ȗȖȗȈȌȈȓșȧ
ǪȣȌȘȐȕț ȕȈ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȖȔ ȔȍșȚȍ ǵȈ șȊȖȍȔ ȊȍȒț ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏ ȌȖȉȣȓ ȕȍ ȖȌȐȕ ȌȍșȧȚȖȒ
șȚȘȈȠȕȣȝ ȝȐȡȕȐȒȖȊ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȤȧ Ȑ ȊȣȋȖȌȕȖ Ȑȝ ȗȘȖȌȈȊȈȓ Ȋ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȝ ȝȈȘȟȍȊȕȧȝ
ǪȣȌȘȐȕ ȉȓȐȏȒȖ ȗȖȌȗțșȒȈȓ Ȓ șȍȉȍ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȖȍ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ȗȖȝȖȎȍȍ ȕȈ ȜȈȕȚȈ-
șȚȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȗȈțȒȈ ș ȠȍȊȍȓȧȡȐȔȐșȧ ȡțȗȈȓȤȞȈȔȐ
ǶșȤȔȐȕȖȋ ȊȖȏȔțȡȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊȐȍȔ ȕȍȗȘȖȠȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȋȖșȚȧ ȊȣȗțșȒȈȓ Ȗȉ-
ȓȈȒȖ ȚȍȔȕȖȑ ȎȐȌȒȖșȚȐ* ȟȚȖȉȣ ȓȍȋȟȍ ȗȖȑȔȈȚȤ Ȋ ȔțȚȕȖȑ ȊȖȌȍ șȔȍȓȤȟȈȒȈ Ȑ țȎȍ
* ɂɡ ɷɬɨɣ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɪɚɫɤɚ — ɫɟɩɢɹ

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ǰȕȖȋȌȈ Ȏȍ ǪȣȌȘȐȕ ȏȕȈȧ ȝȐȡȕȣȑ ȖȉȣȟȈȑ șȗȘțȚȈ ȖȉȊȐȊȈȚȤ ȎȍȘȚȊț ȋȐȉȒȐ-
ȔȐ ȡțȗȈȓȤȞȈȔȐ ȗȖȗȘȖșȚț ȗȖȌșȖȊȣȊȈȓ ȍȔț ȒȖȕȍȞ ȗȈȓȒȐ Ȑ ȎȈȌȕȣȑ șȗȘțȚ Ȗȉ-
ȊȐȊȈȓșȧ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȕȍȍ ǪȣȌȘȐȕ ȉȣșȚȘȣȔ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȘțȒȐ ȗȘȐȎȐȔȈȓ ȕȈȘțȎȕțȦ
ȒȕȖȗȒț ȒȓȈȗȈȕȈ ȖȚȘȈȉȖȚȈȕȕȣȑ ȊȖȏȌțȝ ȕȈȌțȊȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȘțȉȈȝț ȗțȏȣȘȍȔ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȗȖȌ-
ȕȐȔȈȓșȧ ȕȈȊȍȘȝ ǪȔȍșȚȍ ș ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏȖȔ ȊșȗȓȣȊȈȓ ȕȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȖșȤȔȐȕȖȋ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȑ ȕȐȒȈȒ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȘȈșșȚȈȚȤșȧ ș ȕȍȗȖȌȈȚȓȐȊȖȑ ©ȌȖȉȣȟȍȑª Ȑ șȈȔ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȡȈȓ-
șȧ Ȋ ȉȖȋȈȚțȦ ȓȈȒȖȔțȦ ȌȖȉȣȟț ȒțȕȋȈșȖȊȖȋȖ ȗȖȊȈȘȈ
ǵȖ ȖșȤȔȐȕȖȋȐ ȗȖȗȈȌȈȓȐșȤ ȘȍȌȒȖ Ȑ ȍȡȍ ȘȍȎȍ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȊșȚțȗȐȚȤ ș ȕȐȔȐ
ȉȍȏ ȘȐșȒȈ Ȋ ȍȌȐȕȖȉȖȘșȚȊȖ
Ǭȓȧ ȒțȝȕȐ ȕȈ țȠȐȞț ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȚȍȔ ȒȈȒ ȗȖȒȐȕțȚȤ ȌȕȖ ȖȉȣȟȕȖ ȗȖȌ-
ȌȍȊȈȓ ȒȘȦȟȒȖȔ ȒȈȒțȦ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȗȖȌȊȍȘȕțȊȠțȦșȧ ȍȔț ȗȖȎȐȘȕȍȑ Șȣȉȍȝț
ǷȖȑȔȈȕȕȣȑ ȚȘȍȗȈȕȋ ȚȖ ȓȐ ȖȚ ȐșȗțȋȈ ȚȖ ȓȐ Ȑȏ ȟțȊșȚȊȈ șȈȔȖșȖȝȘȈȕȍȕȐȧ Ȋȣ-
ȉȘȈșȣȊȈȍȚ ȕȈȘțȎț ȟȈșȚȤ șȊȖȐȝ ȓȐȗȒȐȝ ȒȓȍȑȟȈȚȣȝ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȖșȚȍȑ Ȑ Ȑȝ ȏȈȗȈȝ
ȗȘȐȊȓȍȒȈȓ Șȣȉț
ǪȣȌȘȐȕ ȗȘȐȊȣȒ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȍȋȖ ȗȖ Ȍȕț șȖȗȘȖȊȖȎȌȈȓȐ șȚȈȑȒȐ Șȣȉ șȕțȦȡȐȝ ȗȖ
șȓȍȌȈȔ ȏȈ ȔȍȠȒȖȔ ȕȈȉȐȚȣȔ ȟȍȘȊȧȔȐ DzȖȋȌȈ ț ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏȈ ȉȣȓȖ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȍ șȖș-
ȚȖȧȕȐȍ ȌțȝȈ ȗȘȐ țȌȈȟȕȖȔ țȓȖȊȍ Ȗȕ ȓȦȉȐȓ ȗȖȐȋȘȈȚȤ ș ȘȣȉȈȔȐ ȗțȋȈȓ Ȑȝ ȝȊȈ-
ȚȈȧ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ȏȈ ȝȊȖșȚ ȒȈȒțȦ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȟȍȘȍșȟțȘ ȖșȔȍȓȍȊȠțȦ Șȣȉț
ȗȘȖȠȔȣȋȕțȊȠțȦ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȗȖȌ ȔȣȠȒȈȔȐ
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ǪȍȟȍȘȈȔȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȏȊȍȏȌȣ ȔȍȘȞȈȓȐ Ȋ ȕȍȉȍșȈȝ Ȑ ȖȚȘȈȎȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ ȒțȕȋȈșȣ
ȗȖȒȐȌȈȧ ȚȈȑȕȣȍ ȚȘȍȗȈȕȋȖȊȣȍ ȋȕȍȏȌȈ șȗȓȣȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȓ ȉȈȏȍ
ǩȣșȚȘȣȔ Ȑ ȓȖȊȒȐȔ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍȔ Ȧȓȣ ȒȈȎȌȖȍ șțȌȕȖ ȒȘțȚȖ ȗȖȊȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȓȖșȤ Ȑ
ȗȘȐȟȈȓȐȊȈȓȖ ȒȖȘȔȖȑ Ȓ ȗȘȐșȚȈȕȐ DzȖȔȈȕȌȣ șȌȈȊȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋ țȓȖȊ Ȑ ȒțȕȋȈș
ȹ  ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȖȚșȚȈȊȈȓ ȖȚ ȌȘțȋȐȝ Ȋ ȌȖȉȣȟȍ
ǵȈ ȒțȕȋȈșȈȝ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȕȣȝ ȒȖȍ-ȒȈȒ ȜȖȕȈȘȐȒȈȔȐ șȓȣȠȈȓȈșȤ ȋȖȘȚȈȕȕȈȧ Ȕȧȋ-
ȒȈȧ ȘȍȟȤ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȍȊ ȋȘțȉȣȍ ȖȚȘȣȊȐșȚȣȍ ȋȖȓȖșȈ ȒȖȘȍȑȞȍȊ ǫȌȍ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȔȍȟȚȈ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȓȖȊȍȞ ȟȍȘȊȧ ȏȈȚȧȋȐȊȈȓ ȚȧȋțȟȐȍ ȗȓȈȒșȐȊȣȍ ȗȍșȍȕȒȐ ȌȈȓȍȒȖȑ ȘȖȌȐ-
ȕȣ
ǩȖȓȤȠȈȧ ȟȈșȚȤ ȓȖȊȞȖȊ ȕȈ ȕȖȟȤ ȕȍ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȓȈ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋ ȕȖȟțȧ ȚțȚ Ȏȍ ȕȈ Ȓțȕ-
ȋȈșȍ ȋȌȍ ȌȕȍȔ ȗȘȖȚȍȒȈȓȈ ȉȍșȚȖȓȒȖȊȈȧ ȚțșȒȓȈȧ ȎȐȏȕȤ Ȑ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȑ ȕȍțȊȍȘȍȕ-
ȕȣȑ ȚȘțȌ
DZ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț ȒȐȗȍȓȈ ȘȈȉȖȚȈ
ǺȘȍȗȈȕȋ ȚȘȍȉțȍȚ ȉȣșȚȘȖȑ Ȑ șȊȖȍȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖȑ ȖȉȘȈȉȖȚȒȐ ǭȡȍ ȕȈ ȒțȕȋȈșȍ șȘȈ-
ȏț Ȏȍ ȗȖșȓȍ țȓȖȊȈ ȟȍȘȊȧ ȖȟȐȡȈȦȚ ȖȚ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȖșȚȍȑ ȕȈȌȘȍȏȖȔ ȉȘȦȠȒȈ ǵȈ ȉȍ-
Șȍȋț ȖȟȐȡȍȕȕȣȝ ȟȍȘȊȍȑ ȒȓȈȌțȚ Ȋ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȣȍ ȒȖȚȓȣ Ȑ ȊȣȊȈȘȐȊȈȦȚ Ȋ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ
șȖȓȍȕȖȑ ȊȖȌȍ ȚȖ Ȑ ȌȍȓȖ ȗȖȔȍȠȐȊȈȧ ȌȍȘȍȊȧȕȕȣȔȐ ȓȖȗȈȚȒȈȔȐ ǪȈȘȡȐȒȈȔ ȏȕȈ-
ȚȖȒȈȔ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȌȍȓȈ ȕȈȌȖ ȏȕȈȚȤ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȔȐȕțȚ ȊȈȘȒȐ — Ȑ ȟȍȘȊȤ
ȗȖȝȖȎȐȑ ȕȈ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȖȋțȘȍȞ ȘȈșȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȟȍȘȗȈȒȖȔ ȗȖ ȒȈȌȒȈȔ
ǪȣȊȈȘȍȕȕȣȑ ȟȍȘȊȤ ȋțșȚȖ ȗȍȘȍșȣȗȈȕȕȣȑ șȖȓȤȦ ȊȣȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ȕȍȌȍȓȦ Ȋ
ȒȈȌȒȈȝ Ȑ ȏȌȍșȤ ȍȋȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȖȚ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȗȖȔȍȠȐȊȈȦȚ ȓȖȗȈȚȒȈȔȐ ǷȘȖȠȍȓ șȘȖȒ —

98
Ȑ șȕȖȊȈ Ȋ ȒȖȚȓȣ ȕȈ ȊȈȘȒț ǵȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȟȍȘȊȤ ȊȣȊȈȘȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ȕȍ Ȋ șȖȓȍȕȖȑ ȔȖȘ-
șȒȖȑ ȊȖȌȍ Ȉ Ȋ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖȔ ȔȈșȓȧȕȐșȚȖȔ șȖȒț ǺȘȍȗȈȕȋ șȢȍȎȐȊȈȍȚșȧ șȊȍȎȐȔ
Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ - șȈȕȚȐȔȍȚȘȖȊ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ — ȥȚȖ ȒțșȖȟȍȒ Ȋ - șȈȕȚȐȔȍȚȘȖȊ ȍȌȊȈ ȕȈ-
ȗȖȔȐȕȈȦȡȐȑ șȊȖȦ ȗȘȍȎȕȦȦ ȜȖȘȔț
ǪȣȊȈȘȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȘȖșȖȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȟȍȘȊȤ ȘȈșȒȐȌȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȕȈ ȌȍȘȍȊȧȕȕȣȝ șțȠȐȓȒȈȝ
Ȑ ȊșȒȖȘȍ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȚșȧ ȗȖȝȖȎȐȔ ȕȈ ȒȖșȚȧȠȒț ȗȍȘȍșȣȗȈȕȕțȦ ȚȖȓȟȍȕȣȔ țȋȓȍȔ
ǿȍȔ șțȠȍ ȚȍȔ ȌȖȘȖȎȍ ȟȍȘȊȤ ǽȖȘȖȠȖ ȊȣșțȠȍȕȕȣȑ Ȗȕ ȌȍȘȎȐȚșȧ ȉȍȏ ȗȖȘȟȐ ȕȍ-
șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȓȍȚ
ǹțȡȍșȚȊțȍȚ ȕȍ ȖȌȐȕ șȗȖșȖȉ ȖȉȘȈȉȖȚȒȐ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȟȍȘȊȧ ǺȘȍȉȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȗȖ-
ȚȘȍȉȐȚȍȓȐ-ȒȐȚȈȑȞȣ șȒțȗȈȦȚ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȖȓȍȕȣȑ ȕȖ Ȑ ȗȘȍșșȖȊȈȕȕȣȑ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȍ
ȏȈȚȍȑȓȐȊȣȍ șȖȘȚȈ ȓȈȒȖȔȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȌțȒȚȈ
DzȈȎȌȣȑ ȊȍȟȍȘ ȗȍȘȍȌ ǪȣȌȘȐȕȣȔ ȖȌȕȈ Ȑ ȚȈ Ȏȍ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȈȧ ȕȈȌȖȍȊȠȈȧ
ȒȈȘȚȐȕȈ ȋȘțȌȣ șȊȍȎȐȝ ȊȈȘȍȕȣȝ ȗȘȍșșȖȊȈȕȕȣȝ șțȠȍȕȣȝ ȗȍȘȍșȣȗȈȕȕȣȝ
țȋȖȓȤȕȖȑ ȗȣȓȤȦ ȟȍȘȊȍȑ ǿȍȘȊȐ ȟȍȘȊȐ ȟȍȘȊȐ ǪșȦȌț ȟȍȘȊȐ ȕȈ ȓȖȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ
țȠȓȈ Ȋșȧ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏȈ
ǰȕȖȋȌȈ ț ǪȣȌȘȐȕȈ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȍȚșȧ ȕȍȕȈȊȐșȚȤ Ȓ ȚȘȍȗȈȕȋȈȔ Ȓ ȋȖȓțȉȖȔț ©șȊȧȡȍȕ-
ȕȖȔțª ȟȍȘȊȦ Ȋ ȗȖȐșȒȈȝ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ Ȗȕ ȐȏȉȖȘȖȏȌȐȓ ȊȌȖȓȤ Ȑ ȗȖȗȍȘȍȒ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȑ
ȏȈȓȐȊ
Ǫ ȉȖȘȖȌȈȊȟȈȚȖȔ ȎȐȘȕȖȔ ȟȍȘȊȍ ȉȣȓȐ Ȋșȍ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȣ ȔȍȟȚȣ Ȑ ȌȍȘȏȈȕȐȧ ȒȖȋ-
ȌȈ-ȚȖ ȒȘȍȗȒȖȋȖ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȋȖ ȊȍșȍȓȖȋȖ ȓȖȊȞȈ ǪȖȌȈ Ȑ ȚȧȎȒȐȑ ȗȘȖȔȣșȍȓ ȖȚȕȧȓȐ
ȏȌȖȘȖȊȤȍ șȐȓȣ Ȑ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ǪȣȌȘȐȕț ȟȈȡȍ Ȑ ȟȈȡȍ ȝȖȟȍȚșȧ țȑȚȐ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ-ȌȈȓȍȒȖ
ȖȚ ȔȖȘȧ ȖȚ ȥȚȐȝ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȣȝ ȟȍȘȊȍȑ
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ǸțșșȒȐȑ ȚȘȍȗȈȕȋȖȓȖȊ ȌȍșȧȚȒȐ ȓȍȚ ȗȘȖȎȐȓ șȘȍȌȐ ȎȍȓȚȖȓȐȞȣȝ Ȑ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȕȍ-
ȏȈȔȍȚȕȖ Ȍȓȧ șȍȉȧ ȊȚȧȕțȓșȧ Ȋ Ȑȝ ȗȈȋțȉȕțȦ șȚȘȈșȚȤ — Ȋ ȒțȘȍȕȐȍ ȖȗȐțȔȈ
ǭȋȖ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȊȍșȍȓȐȓȈ ȕȍ ȉȖȌȘȐȓȈ ȘțșșȒȈȧ ȊȖȌȒȈ
ǷȖșȓȍ ȌȊțȝȟȈșȖȊȖȋȖ ȓȖȊȈ ȗȖȌ ȊȖȌȖȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ ș ǪȣȌȘȐȕȈ șȕȐȔȈȓȐ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȍ
ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏȕȣȍ ȌȖșȗȍȝȐ Ȗȕ ȕȍȐȏȔȍȕȕȖ Țȧȕțȓșȧ Ȓ ȌțȘȔȈȕȕȖȔț ȖȗȐțȔț Ǫ ȒȖȘȔȖ-
ȊȖȑ ȒȈȦȚȒȍ ȍȋȖ ȖȎȐȌȈȓȈ ȋȖȘȧȡȈȧ ȒȘȖȠȒȈ-ȓȈȔȗȖȟȒȈ ȌȓȐȕȕȈȧ ȉȈȔȉțȒȖȊȈȧ ȚȘțȉ-
ȒȈ Ȑȋȓȣ Ȑ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȖȘȐȟȕȍȊȣȝ ȠȈȘȐȒȖȊ ȖȗȐțȔȈ dzȐȠȤ ȕȈȒțȘȐȊȠȐșȤ ȌȖșȣ-
ȚȈ ǪȣȌȘȐȕ ȔȖȋ șȕȖȊȈ șȗțșȚȐȚȤșȧ ȕȈ șȊȖȦ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕțȦ ȘȈȉȖȚț
ǰȕȖȋȌȈ ȗȖȌ ȊȖȌȖȑ ȖȚȧȎȍȓȍȊȠȐȍ ȊȍȒȐ ȖȗțșȒȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȑ ȒȓȖȕȐȓȖ ȒȖ șȕț
ǵȍȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȣȔ țșȐȓȐȍȔ ȊȖȓȐ ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏ șȉȘȈșȣȊȈȓ ȓȐȗȒțȦ ȌțȘȔȈȕȕțȦ ȌȘȍȔț Ȑ
— ș ȕȖȊȖȑ ȥȕȍȘȋȐȍȑ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȓșȧ ȏȈ ȖȝȖȚț ȕȈ ȟȍȘȊȧ
ǵȖ ȊȍȒȐ șȕȖȊȈ ȖȗțșȒȈȓȐșȤ ǪȣȌȘȐȕț ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȖșȤ ȗȖȌȉȈȌȘȐȊȈȚȤ șȍȉȧ Ȕȣșȓȍȕ-
ȕȖȑ ȉȍșȍȌȖȑ ș șȈȔȐȔ șȖȉȖȦ ȐȓȐ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȓșȧ ȖȎȍșȚȖȟȍȕȕȖ șȟȐȡȈȚȤ ȕȈȌȍ-
Țȣȝ ȕȈ ȒȘȦȟȖȒ ȟȍȘȊȍȑ ǵȖ ȚȍȔ ȕȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ țȋȕȍȚȍȕȕȖȍ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍ ȌțȝȈ Ȑ ȗțȚȈȕȐ-
ȞȈ Ȋ Ȕȣșȓȧȝ Ȋșȍ ȟȈȡȍ Ȑ ȟȈȡȍ ȖȌȖȓȍȊȈȓȐ ǪȣȌȘȐȕȈ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȖȔ ȖȌȐȕȖȟȍ-
șȚȊȍ
— ǵȈȌȖ ȉțȌȍȚ șȖȑȚȐ ș ©ȚȈȧȕȈª ȖȗȐțȔȈ
 — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ǪȣȌȘȐȕ șȐȋȕȈȓȤȡȐȒț,
ȗȖȌȕȧȊȠȐșȤ ȕȈ ȒțȕȋȈș Ȑ ȚțȚ Ȏȍ ȏȈȉȐȊȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȒȖȘȔȖȊțȦ ȒȈȦȚț Ȓ ȉȈȔȉțȒȖȊȖȑ

99
ȚȘțȉȒȍ
ǶȉșȚȈȕȖȊȒȈ ȕȈ ȒțȕȋȈșȍ ȹ  ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȕȈ Ȋșȍȝ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȚȘȍȗȈȕȋȖȓȖȊȕȣȝ șțȌȈȝ
șȖȏȌȈȓȈșȤ șȈȔȈȧ ȕȍȏȌȖȘȖȊȈȧ
ǪȍȟȍȘȈȔȐ ț ȒțȕȋȈșȖȊȖȑ ȉȈȏȣ ȓȦȌȐ ȠȈȚȈȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȉțȧȕȐȓȐ ȗȤȧȕȣȍ ȖȚ ȒȖȕȚ-
ȘȈȉȈȕȌȕȖȋȖ șȗȐȘȚȈ ȐȓȐ ȒȖȘȟȐȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȉȘȍȌȐȓȐ Ȋ ȒȖȠȔȈȘȕȣȝ șțȌȖȘȖȋȈȝ ȗȖȓț-
șȕȈ-ȗȖȓțȧȊȐ ȖȗȐȑȕȖȋȖ ȏȈȉȣȚȤȧ Ǫșȍ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ ȏȈȘȈȉȖȚȈȕȕȣȍ țȗȖȘȕȣȔ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȔ
ȚȘțȌȖȔ ȘȈșȚȖȟȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȧȌȣ
ǪȣȌȘȐȕ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓ ȓȐȠȕȐȍ ȟȈșȣ ȗȖȌ ȊȖȌȖȑ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȈșȣȚȐȚȤ șȍȉȧ ȟȍȘȕȣȔ Ȍȣ-
ȔȖȔ Ȗȕ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȚȤ ȉȍȏ ȖȗȐțȔȈ
DzȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ ȒȘȍȗȒȐȑ Ȑ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȕȍșȖȒȘțȠȐȔȣȑ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȔ ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏȈ ȚȈȧȓ ș
ȒȈȎȌȣȔ ȌȕȍȔ ǰȏ ȌȖȉȘȖȌțȠȕȖȋȖ ȕȍȒȖȋȌȈ ȉȈȓȈȋțȘȈ ǪȣȌȘȐȕ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȚȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȔȘȈȟ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȐȌȐȘȟȐȊȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ǹ ȕȐȔ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȚȤ
DzȖȘȍȑȞȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ șȈȔȐ ȕȈțȟȐȓȐ ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏȈ ȒțȘȐȚȤ ȖȗȐțȔ ȒȖșȖ ȗȖȋȓȧȌȣ-
ȊȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȊȖȎȈȒȈ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȣȎȐȑ șȐȋȕȈȓȤȡȐȒ ȗȖ-ȗȘȍȎȕȍȔț ȌȘțȎȐȓ șȖ șȚȈȘȣȔ ȚȖ-
ȊȈȘȐȡȍȔ Ȑ ȕȍ ȖȋȘȣȏȈȓșȧ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȕȍșȗȘȈȊȍȌȓȐȊȣȍ ȊȣȝȖȌȒȐ
ǶȚ ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȍȉȣȊȈȕȐȧ ȗȖȌ ȊȖȌȖȑ Ȑ ȖȗȐțȔȈ ȓȐȞȖ ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏȈ șȍȘȍȓȖ ȕȍ-
ȏȌȖȘȖȊȣȔ ȞȊȍȚȖȔ ȖșȚȍȒȓȍȕȍȊȠȐȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȏȈșȚȣȓȐ ȉȍșșȔȣșȓȍȕȕȖ ȖșȚȈȕȖ-
ȊȐȊȠȐșȤ ȋțȉȣ ȕȍȗȖȒȖȘȕȖ ȌȍȘȋȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȕȍȘȊȕȖȑ ȗȓȧșȒȍ
— dzȖȊȓȦ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȟȍȘȊȧ Ȉ șȈȔȖȋȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȑȔȈȓ Ȑ ȋȓȖȎȍȚ ȟȍȘȊȤ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȖ-
ȋȖ ȒȘȈșȕȖȋȖ ȔȈȒȈ — ȖȗȐțȔȈ — ȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȓ ǼȍȌȖȘ ǪȣȌȘȐȕ ǭȘȠȖȊț
***
ǷȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȓșȧ ȐȦȕȤ
ǪȍșȍȕȕȐȑ șȍȏȖȕ ȉȣȓ ȕȈ ȐșȝȖȌȍ ǵȈ ȔȖȘȍ ȚȍȗȓȍȓȖ Ǫșȍ ȚȘȍȗȈȕȋȖȊȣȍ ȋȕȍȏȌȈ
ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȍ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȍ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ ȐșȝȖȎȍȕȕȣȔȐ
DzȈȗȘȐȏȕȣȑ ȚȘȍȗȈȕȋ ȗȍȘȍȌȊȐȋȈȓșȧ ȖȚ ȚȍȗȓȍȊȠȍȋȖ ȗȖȉȍȘȍȎȤȧ Ȋ ȗȘȖȝȓȈȌȕȣȍ
ȋȓțȉȐȕȣ ǹ ȒȈȎȌȣȔ ȌȕȍȔ ȗȈȌȈȓ țȓȖȊ DzȖȔȈȕȌȈ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȦȡȈȧ șȌȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȍȘȊȕȐ-
ȟȈȓȈ ȒȖȘȍȑȞȣ ȐșȗȖȌȓȖȉȤȧ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȓȐ ȊȖȎȈȒȈ ȕȈ ȉȖȘȚț ȏȈȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȧ Ȋ ȕȍȗȖȓ-
ȕȣȑ ȌȖȉȣȟȍȑ ȔȍȠȖȒ ǬȈ Ȑ șȈȔ ǪȣȌȘȐȕ ȕȍȘȊȕȐȟȈȓ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ Ȋșȍȝ ȏȈȘȈȉȖȚȖȒ ȗȈ-
ȌȈȓ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȔȍȕȤȠȍ Ȑ ȔȍȕȤȠȍ ȒȖȘȐȟȕȍȊȣȝ ȠȈȘȐȒȖȊ ȖȎȐȌȈȓȖ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȒȖȘȔȖȊȖȑ ȒȈȦ-
Țȍ ȕȈ ȚȘțȌȖȊȣȝ ȗȍȘȍȘȣȊȈȝ ǯȈȚȧȎȍȒ Ȋșȍ ȟȈȡȍ ȕȍ ȝȊȈȚȈȓȖ
ǷȖ țȚȘȈȔ ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏ ȏȈȌȣȝȈȓșȧ ȖȚ ȖȗȐȑȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȝȔȍȓȤȧ ǿȚȖȉȣ țșȗȖȒȈȐȊȈȚȤ ȖȚ-
ȘȈȊȓȍȕȕțȦ ȒȘȖȊȤ ǪȣȌȘȐȕ ȗȖ ȗȘȐȔȍȘț ȒȖȘȍȑȞȍȊ ȋȓȖȚȈȓ ȒȖȘȐȟȕȍȊȣȍ ȠȈȘȐȒȐ
ȒȘȍȗȟȍ Ȑ ȉȣșȚȘȍȍ ȘȈșȚȊȖȘȧȍȚșȧ ȧȌ Ȋ ȖȚȘȈȊȓȍȕȕȖȑ ȒȘȖȊȐ
ǵȍȖȉȘȈȉȖȚȈȕȕȣȔ ȖșȚȈȓȖșȤ ȓȐȠȤ ȖȌȕȖ ȚȘȍȗȈȕȋȖȊȖȍ ȋȕȍȏȌȖ ȕȈ șȘȍȌȕȍȔ ȗȖȓȍ
ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȍ ȊșȍȔ ȒțȕȋȈșȈȔ ȔȍșȚȖ Ȋ ǩȍȏȣȔȧȕȕȖȑ ȉțȝȚȍ ȉȓȐȏ Ǹțș-
șȒȖȋȖ ȖșȚȘȖȊȈ ǴȍșȚȖ ș ȌȈȊȕȐȝ ȗȖȘ șȓȈȊȐȓȖșȤ ȐȏȖȉȐȓȐȍȔ ©șȒȈȓȐșȚȖȋȖª ȚȘȍ-
ȗȈȕȋȈ — ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȍȋȖ ȚȍȔȕȖ-ȒȖȘȐȟȕȍȊȖȋȖ ȞȊȍȚȈ ȟȍȘȊȧ ȊȣșȖȒȖȋȖ ȒȈȟȍșȚȊȈ Ȑ ȌȖ-
ȘȖȋȖȋȖ
ǹȘȍȌȐ ȚȘȍȗȈȕȋȖȓȖȊȖȊ ȝȖȌȐȓȐ șȓțȝȐ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ǩȍȏȣȔȧȕȕȖȑ ȉțȝȚȍ ȗȖȗȈȌȈȓȐșȤ Ȑ
©șȊȧȡȍȕȕȣȍª ȋȖȓțȉȣȍ Ȑ ȉȍȓȣȍ ȚȘȍȗȈȕȋȐ ǵȖ ȥȚȖ ȏȈȔȈȕȟȐȊȖȍ ȚȘȍȗȈȕȋȖȊȖȍ ȋȕȍȏ-
ȌȖ ȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȓȖșȤ ȌțȘȕȖȑ șȓȈȊȖȑ ǹțȍȊȍȘȕȣȍ ȎȍȓȚȖȓȐȞȣȍ ȓȖȊȞȣ Ȋ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ

100
ȋȖȌȣ ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ ȗȖșȍȡȈȓȐ ǩȍȏȣȔȧȕȕȖȑ ȉțȝȚȣ ǵȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȓȍȚ ȕȐ ȖȌȐȕ ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏ
ȕȍ ȖȝȖȚȐȓșȧ ȏȌȍșȤ...
ǷȖ ȒțȕȋȈșȈȔ ȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȓȍȋȍȕȌȣ Ȗ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȣȝ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȝ șțȡȍșȚȊȈȝ
ȖȉȐȚȈȦȡȐȝ ȕȈ ȒȈȔȍȕȐșȚȖȔ Ȍȕȍ ȉțȝȚȣ ǹȐȓȈȟ ǾȖȑ țȊȍȘȧȓ ȟȚȖ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ
ȊȐȌȍȓ Ȋ ȧșȕȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȗȖȌȖȉȕȖȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ ǾȖȑ ȖȝȖȚȐȓșȧ ȚȈȑȒȖȔ
șȚȈȘȖȑ ȝȐȡȕȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȖșȚȘȖȋȖȑ ș ȏȍȘȒȈȓȖȔ Ȑ ț șȈȔȖȋȖ ȉȍȘȍȋȈ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȍ ȗȖȌȊȖȌ-
ȕȖȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ ȟțȚȤ ȕȍ ȊȣȘȊȈȓȖ Ȑȏ ȍȋȖ ȘțȒ ȖșȚȘȖȋț ǹ Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ Ȗȕ ȏȈȒȈȧȓșȧ ȝȐȡ-
ȕȐȟȈȚȤ ȏȌȍșȤ
ǬȘțȋȐȍ ȒȖȘȍȑȞȣ țȚȊȍȘȎȌȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȣȝ șȒȈȓȈȝ ȎȐȊȍȚ ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒȐȑ
ȖșȤȔȐȕȖȋ-ȌȘȈȒȖȕ — Ǭțȝ ǶȒȍȈȕȈ DzȐȚȈȑȞȣ — ȓȖȊȞȣ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȒȈȗțșȚȣ ȉțȌȚȖ ȉȣ
ȊȐȌȍȓȐ șȖ șȊȖȐȝ ȠȐȘȖȒȖȏȈȌȣȝ ȠȈȓȈȕȌ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȏȔȍȧ ȖȗțșȚȐȊȠȍȋȖșȧ Ȋ ȊȖȌț
ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȔ ȔȍșȚȍ
ǴȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȝ ȘȖșșȒȈȏȕȍȑ ȕȈșȓțȠȈȓșȧ ǪȣȌȘȐȕ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȊȖșȗȈȓȍȕȕȖȍ ȖȗȐț-
ȔȖȔ ȊȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ȗȖȌȟȈș ȌȖȘȐșȖȊȣȊȈȓȖ ȎțȚȒȐȍ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȣ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȤȧ ȉțȝȚȣ
ǵȖ ȊȖȚ ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ șȚȈȘȣȑ ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏ ȖȉȢȧȊȐȓ ȚȊȍȘȌȖ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȍ
— ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȌȕȐ șȍȏȖȕȈ ȗȖȑȌȍȔ ȕȈ ȌȖȉȣȟț Ȋ ǩȍȏȣȔȧȕȕțȦ ȉțȝȚț
©ǹȚȈȘȣȑ ȓȖȊȍȞ ȕȍ ȘȈȏțȟȐȓșȧ șȔȍȧȚȤșȧ ȠțȚȕțȓ ȗȖ șȚȈȘȐȕȒȍª — ȘȍȠȐȓȈ ȒȖ-
ȔȈȕȌȈ
ǵȖ țȚȘȖȔ ȒȖȘȍȑȞȣ țȉȍȌȐȓȐșȤ ȟȚȖ ǪȣȌȘȐȕ ȊȖȊșȍ ȖȚȊȣȒ ȖȚ ȠțȚȖȒ ȒțȕȋȈș
ȗȖ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȐȒȈȏț ȗȘȐȟȈȓȐȓ ȕȈ ©ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȖȍª ȔȍșȚȖ
ǪȣȌȘȐȕ ȘȈȏȊȍȓ Ȋ ȒȘțȎȒȍ șȗȐȘȚȈ ȠȈȘȐȒ ȖȗȐțȔȈ Ȑ ȏȈȓȗȖȔ ȊȣȗȐȓ ȌȊȖȑȕȖȑ
ȧȌ
— Ǭȓȧ ȝȘȈȉȘȖșȚȐ — ȗȖ-ȒȖȘȍȑșȒȐ șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐ ȓȖȊȞȈȝ
ǹȐȋȕȈȓȤȡȐȒ ǭȘȠȖȊ Ȑ ǾȖȑ ȖȉȘȧȌȐȓȐ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȋȘȖȔȖȏȌȒȐȑ ȒȖșȚȦȔ ȏȈȊȐȕȚȐȓȐ
ȉȖȓȚȈȔȐ Ȑ ȋȈȑȒȈȔȐ ȋțȚȚȈȗȍȘȟȍȊȣȑ ȊȖȘȖȚȕȐȒ Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏ țȎȍ șȚȖȧȓ ȗȖ ȎȐ-
ȊȖȚ Ȋ ȊȖȌȍ ȏȈ ȉȖȘȚȖȔ ȕȈ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȖȑ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȍ ǭȘȠȖȊ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ Ȋ șȈȔȖȍ țȝȖ
— ǵț ȌȍȘȎȐșȤ ǪȣȌȘȐȕ ǿțȚȤ ȟȍȋȖ ȒȈȒȈȧ ȟȍȘȚȖȊȡȐȕȈ — ȕȈȎȐȔȈȑ ȒȓȈȗȈȕ
— Ȑ ȗțȏȣȘȍȔ Ȓ ȕȈȔ ǪȣȘțȟȐȔ
ǻȎȍ ȗȖȌ ȠȓȍȔȖȔ Ȑȏ ȒȖȊȈȕȖȑ ȚȖȕȒȖȑ ȔȍȌȐ ǪȣȌȘȐȕ ȗȘȖȉțȘȟȈȓ ȌȖșȈȌȓȐȊȖ
— ǵț ȊȈș Ȓ ȟȍȘȚț ș ȊȈȠȍȑ ȟȍȘȚȖȊȡȐȕȖȑ — Ȑ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ șȗțșȚȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȠȓȈȕȋȍ
ȒȖ Ȍȕț ǬȊȍ ȗȓȖșȒȐȍ șȊȐȕȞȖȊȣȍ ȋȐȘȐ ȕȈ ȋȘțȌȐ Ȑ șȗȐȕȍ Ȑ ȗțȌȖȊȣȍ șȈȗȖȋȐ Ȗȉ-
ȠȐȚȣȍ ȎȍȓȍȏȖȔ ȗȖȔȖȋȓȐ ȍȔț
ǩȣȊȈȓȖȔț ȚȘȍȗȈȕȋȖȓȖȊț ȘȍȌȒȖ ȌȖȊȖȌȐȓȖșȤ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȋȓțȉȐȕȍ ǵȍ-
ȗȘȐȊȣȟȕȣȑ ȗȖȓțȔȘȈȒ ȒȈȔȕȐ ȖȉȘȖșȠȐȍ ȔȖȘșȒȐȔȐ ȓȐȠȈȧȔȐ ȘȈȒțȠȒȈȔȐ ȗȘȖ-
ȠȓȖȋȖȌȕȐȍ ȓȐȗȒȐȍ ȘȈșȒȈȟȐȊȈȦȡȐȍșȧ ȊȖȌȖȘȖșȓȐ ȔȍȠȈȓȐ șȘȈȏț ȘȈȏȋȓȧȌȍȚȤ
ȕȍȘȖȊȕȖȍ ȌȕȖ
ǪȖȌȖȓȈȏ ȚȖ Ȑ ȌȍȓȖ ȕȍȘȊȕȖ ȊȖȘȖȟȈȓ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȋ ȗȘȖșȚȖȘȕȖȔ ȠȓȍȔȍ ȖȏȐȘȈȧșȤ Ȋ
ȉȖȒȖȊȣȍ ȚȖȓșȚȣȍ șȚȍȒȓȈ ǹȒȖȘȖ ȋȓȈȏȈ șȊȣȒȓȐșȤ ș ȗȖȓțȔȘȈȒȖȔ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȋȖ ȗȖȌ-
ȊȖȌȤȧ
ǹȘȍȌȐ ȒȈȔȕȍȑ Ȑ șȒȖȓȤȏȒȐȝ ȊȖȌȖȘȖșȓȍȑ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȔȕȖȎȍșȚȊȖ ȎȐȘȕȣȝ ȉȖ-
ȘȖȌȈȊȟȈȚȣȝ ©șȒȈȓȐșȚȣȝª ȚȘȍȗȈȕȋȖȊ ǵȈ ȏȈȗțȡȍȕȕȖȔ ȗȘȐȊȖȓȤȍ Ȑȝ ȘȈșȗȓȖȌȐ-
ȓȖșȤ ȊȐȌȐȔȖ-ȕȍȊȐȌȐȔȖ ǵȍȉȣȊȈȓȈȧ ȘȈȌȖșȚȤ ȖȝȊȈȚȐȓȈ ǪȣȌȘȐȕȈ ȊȖ ȊșȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ
Ȗȕ ȕȐ ȘȈȏț ȕȍ ȊȐȌȈȓ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȓȐȟȍșȚȊȈ ȟȍȘȊȍȑ ȕȈ ȖȌȕȖȔ ȔȍșȚȍ
— ǪȖȚ ȥȚȖ ȒȓȈȌ — Ȗȕ ȔȣșȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȋȘȖȏȐȓșȧ ȕȈȊȍȘȝ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȍ — ©ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȧ ȊȈȔ
ȗȖȒȈȎț ȟȍȘȚȐ ȒȈȒ ǼȍȌȖȘ ǪȣȌȘȐȕ țȔȍȍȚ ȌȖȉȣȊȈȚȤ ȚȘȍȗȈȕȋț ȍșȓȐ ȏȈȝȖȟȍȚª

102
ȕȈȗȖȓȕȍȕȈ ǯȈȉȣȊ Ȋșȍ șȚȘȈȝȐ ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏ ȏȈȗȓȧșȈȓ ȗȖ Ȍȕț ȔȖȘȧ Ƕȕ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȖȏȐ-
ȘȈȓșȧ ȗȖ șȚȖȘȖȕȈȔ Ȉ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȓȐȠȤ ȗȖȌ ȕȖȋȐ ȕȈ ȗȍșȚȘȍȊȠȐȝ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȕȍȗȖȊȖ-
ȘȖȚȓȐȊȣȝ ȟȍȘȊȍȑ ȗȘȖȗțșȒȈȓ ȔȍȓȖȟȤ ȖȚȉȐȘȈȧ ȓȐȠȤ șȈȔȣȝ ȎȐȘȕȣȝ Ȑ ȒȘțȗȕȣȝ
ǷȘȖȌȊȐȋȈȧșȤ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ȗȖȌșȟȐȚȣȊȈȓ ȔȣșȓȍȕȕȖ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȘȍȗȈȕȋȈ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȕȈȉȘȈȚȤ
ȏȌȍșȤ ȌȖ ȒȖȕȞȈ șȍȏȖȕȈ.
ǪȌȘțȋ ǪȣȌȘȐȕ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȔȍȎȌț ȍȎȖȔ Ȑ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȏȊȍȏȌȖȑ ȗȖȌ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ
ȓȍȎȈȓ ȘȍȌȒȐȑ ȌȘȈȋȖȞȍȕȕȣȑ ȋȖȓțȉȖȑ ȚȘȍȗȈȕȋ
ǵȍȚ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȚȒȕȍȚ ©șȊȧȡȍȕȕȖȋȖª ȟȍȘȊȧ ȒȘȦȟȒȖȔ
Ƕȕ ȕȈȋȕțȓșȧ Ȋȏȧȓ ȟȍȘȊȧ Ȋ ȘțȒȐ ȒȈȒ ȝȘțȗȒțȦ ȌȘȈȋȖȞȍȕȕȖșȚȤ Ȑ Ȋ ȥȚȖȚ ȔȖ-
ȔȍȕȚ ȒȚȖ- ȚȖ șȉȖȒț șȚțȒȕțȓ ǪȣȌȘȐȕȈ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȗȣȚȈȧșȤ ȏȈȌȍȘȎȈȚȤ ǪȣȌȘȐȕ ȗȖȌ-
ȕȧȓ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȕȈȌ ȕȐȔ ȓȐȞȖȔ Ȓ ȓȐȞț ȒȈȟȈȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȊȖȌȍ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȗȖȌȖȉ-
ȕȖȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ
ǸțȒȐ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȈ ȉȣȓȐ ȠȐȘȖȒȖ ȘȈșȚȖȗȣȘȍȕȣ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ Ȍȓȧ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȖȑȔȈȚȤ
Ȋ șȊȖȐ ȎțȚȒȐȍ ȖȉȢȧȚȐȧ ȖȉȍȏțȔȍȊȠȍȋȖ ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏȈ ȖȚȘȍȗȤȧ ȖȌȍȎȌȣ Ȑ ȔȧșȈ ȊȐșȍ-
ȓȐ ȕȈ ȒȖșȚȧȝ
ǪȣȌȘȐȕ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț Ȑ ȏȈȔȍȚȈȓșȧ ȗȖ Ȍȕț
ǶȚȖȊșȦȌț ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȕȈȌȊȐȋȈȓȐșȤ ȘȈȏȌțȚȣȍ ȠȍȊȍȓȧȡȐȍșȧ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȍ ȜȐȋț-
Șȣ ǮȍȕȡȐȕȈ ș ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȔȍȌțȏȣ ș ȘȈȏȔȍȚȈȊȠȐȔȐșȧ ȊȖȓȖșȈȔȐ ȊȗȓȖȚȕțȦ ȗȘȐ-
ȓȤȕțȓȈ Ȓ ǪȣȌȘȐȕț ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȕȈșȚțȗȐȓ Ȑ ȏȈȗȕțȓșȧ Ȗ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȌȓȐȕȕȖȍ Ȑ ȚȖȕȒȖȍ
ȗȖȝȖȎȍȍ ȕȈ ȏȔȍȦ
ǪȣȌȘȐȕț ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ șȝȊȈȚȐȓȈ Ȑ ȌȍȘȎȐȚ Ȑ ȌȈȊȐȚ ȍȋȖ ǹ ȕȍ-
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȔ țșȐȓȐȍȔ Ȗȕ ȘȊȈȕțȓșȧ Ȑ șȈȗȖȋȖȔ ȖȚȠȊȣȘȕțȓ ȖȚ șȍȉȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕț..
©ǿțȚȤ ȟȍȋȖ — ȕȈȎȐȔȈȑ ȒȓȈȗȈȕ Ȑ ȗțȏȣȘȍȔª — Ȋșȗȣȝȕțȓ ȖȉȘȣȊȖȒ ȘȍȟȐ
ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȈ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȚțȝȈȦȡȍȔ șȖȏȕȈȕȤȍ Ȑ ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏ ȒȈȒ șȒȊȖȏȤ șȖȕ ȏȈȎȔțȘȐȊ
ȋȓȈȏȈ ȘȊȈȕțȓ ȒȓȈȗȈȕ
ǵȈȊȍȘȝț ȕȈ ȒțȕȋȈșȍ ȚȘȍȊȖȋȈ ȗțȏȣȘȐȒȐ ȗȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ țȏȕȈȍȚ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȈ Ȗ Ȕȍș-
ȚȖȕȈȝȖȎȌȍȕȐȐ ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏȈ ȗȖȌ ȊȖȌȖȑ ȊȌȘțȋ ȉȣșȚȘȖ-ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȏȈȗȘȣȋȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȝ-
ȕȖșȚȐ ȊȖȌȣ ȏȈȔȍȚȈȓȐșȤ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȕȖ ǵȖ ȊȖȚ ȗțȏȣȘȐȒȖȊ ȕȍ șȚȈȓȖ ȊȖȌȖ-
ȓȈȏ Ȋșȗȓȣȓ ȕȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȤ
ǭȋȖ ȗȖȌȖȉȘȈȓȐ ȗȖȌ ȘțȒȐ ș ȚȘțȌȖȔ ȊȚȈȡȐȓȐ ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉț șȕȧȓȐ ȠȓȍȔ
ǪȣȌȘȐȕ ȉȣȓ ȔȍȘȚȊ ǫȖȓțȉȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȍȋȖ ȊȣȓȍȏȓȐ Ȑȏ ȖȘȉȐȚ
Ǫ șțȌȖȘȖȎȕȖ șȎȈȚȖȔ ȒțȓȈȒȍ ȍȋȖ ȉȣȓ ȏȈȎȈȚ ©șȊȧȡȍȕȕȣȑª ȋȖȓțȉȖȑ ȚȘȍȗȈȕȋ
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DzȈȒ-ȚȖ ȕȍȌȈȊȕȖ ȗȘȖșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȧ ȌȈȓȤȕȍȊȖșȚȖȟȕțȦ ȗȍȟȈȚȤ ȧ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓ ȊȕȐȔȈ-
ȕȐȍ ȕȈ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȝȘȖȕȐȒȍȘșȒțȦ ȏȈȔȍȚȒț ǷȘȐȊȖȎț ȍȍ ȗȖȓȕȖșȚȤȦ
ǷȖȌȊȖȌȕȖȍ ȒȓȈȌȉȐȡȍ
Ǫ ȖȌȕȖȑ Ȑȏ ȉțȝȚȖȟȍȒ ȏȈȓȐȊȈ ǷȍȚȘȈ ǪȍȓȐȒȖȋȖ ȉȓȐȏ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ ǪȓȈȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒȈ

ǿǯǼǾǻǶǸ ǾǮǿǿǸǮǵǼǰ

ǽǾdzDzǶǿǹǼǰǶdz
Ǫ ȕȈȗȍȟȈȚȈȕȕȣȝ Ȋ ȥȚȖȑ ȒȕȐȎȒȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȝ ǪȍȕȍȌȐȒȚȈ ǴȈȘȚȈ ȖȗȐșȣȊȈȍȚșȧ
ȎȐȏȕȤ ȚȘțȌȧȡȍȋȖșȧ ȕȈșȍȓȍȕȐȧ DzȐȚȈȧ Ȑ DzȖȘȍȐ ǷȖșȚȖȧȕȕȈȧ ȕțȎȌȈ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȑ
ȗȓȖȝȖ ȖȗȓȈȟȐȊȈȍȔȣȑ ȚȘțȌ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȝ Ȑ ȒȘȍșȚȤȧȕ ȊșȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȣȍ ȗȘȐȚȍșȕȍȕȐȧ
ȒȈȒ șȖ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕȕȣȝ ȉȖȋȈȟȍȑ ȚȈȒ Ȑ șȖ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȝ ȗȖȔȍȡȐȒȖȊ
Ȑ ȟȐȕȖȊȕȐȒȖȊ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȗȖȘȖȎȌȈȍȚ ȋȓțȉȖȒțȦ ȕȍȕȈȊȐșȚȤ ȚȘțȌȧȡȐȝșȧ Ȓ șȊȖȐȔ ȊȘȈ-
ȋȈȔ — ȗȖȔȍȡȐȒȈȔ Ȑ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȓȐșȚȈȔ
ǩȖȘȤȉȈ ȥȚȈ ȘȈȏȊȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ș ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔȐ ȚȘțȌȕȖșȚȧȔȐ ǹȍȑȟȈș ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȑ ȘȈȉȖ-
ȟȐȑ Ȑ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȑ ȒȘȍșȚȤȧȕȐȕ ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȐ ȕȈ ȟȚȖ ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȚȧȎȍșȚȐ Ȑ ȎȍȘȚ-
Ȋȣ ȏȈȊȖȍȊȣȊȈȦȚ șȊȖȐ ȗȘȈȊȈ
ǸȈșșȒȈȏȣ Ǫ ǴȈȘȚȈ ȍșȓȐ Ȑ ȕȍ ȖȚȘȈȎȈȦȚ ȥȚț ȊȍȓȐȒțȦ ȉȖȘȤȉț ȚȖ ȖȕȐ Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ
ȌȈȌțȚ ȟȐȚȈȚȍȓȦ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ Ȗ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȝ Ȑ ȒȘȍșȚȤȧȕ Ȋ DzȐȚȈȍ.
ǰ șȚȈȘȣȑ ǽțȕ Ȑ ȉȘȖȌȧȟȈȧ ȠȊȍȑȒȈ Ǫȣ-Ȑ — ȖȉȈ ȖȕȐ ȎȐȊțȚ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȕȍȕȈȊȐșȚȤȦ
ȖȌȕȐȔ șȚȘȍȔȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȕȍȗȘȐȔȐȘȐȔȖȑ ȊȘȈȎȌȣ Ȓ șȊȖȐȔ ȒȓȈșșȖȊȣȔ ȉȘȈȋȈȔ
ǿȚȍȕȐȍ ȥȚȐȝ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȖȊ ȗȖȔȖȋȈȍȚ ȟȐȚȈȚȍȓȦ ȓȍȋȟȍ țȧșȕȐȚȤ șȍȉȍ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖ-
ȐșȝȖȌȐȚ Ȋ DzȐȚȈȍ Ȑ ȗȖȔȖȋȈȍȚ ȉȓȐȎȍ țȏȕȈȚȤ ȥȚț ȊȍȓȐȒțȦ șȚȘȈȕț

108
ȃȁǻ ȅǶȋ-Ȃȁ
ǾȎȟȟȘȎȕ
ǽțȕ ǿȐȥ-Ȝț — șȚȈȘȐȒ ǰ ȍșȓȐ ȐȏȖ Ȍȕȧ Ȋ ȌȍȕȤ ș țȚȘȈ ȌȖ ȗȖȏȌȕȍȑ ȕȖȟȐ Ȗȕ
ȌȖȉȣȊȈȍȚ șȊȖȦ ȟțȔȐȏț Ȑ ȋȈȖȓȧȕȖȊȣȍ ȓȍȗȍȠȒȐ ȗȈȘȖȑ ȎȐȓȐșȚȣȝ țȗȘțȋȐȝ ȕȖȋ
ȚȖ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȗȖȌȐȊȐȚȤșȧ ȒȘȍȗȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȋȐȉȒȖșȚȐ ȍȋȖ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȔȈ
ǸȐȒȠȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ-ȓȖȠȈȌȤ ȘȍȌȒȖ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȘȖȘȈȉȖȚȈȚȤ ȗȧȚȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ-ȌȊȈȌ-
ȞȈȚȤ ȓȍȚ ǹȈȔȈȧ ȔȖȋțȟȈȧ ȋȘțȌȤ șȈȔȖȍ ȒȘȍȗȒȖȍ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȤȍ ȕȍ ȊȣȌȍȘȎȈȚ ȍȎȍȌȕȍȊ-
ȕȖȑ ȚȧȎȒȖȑ ȗȣȚȒȐ ȓȖȠȈȌȐȕȖȋȖ ȉȣȚȐȧ ǪȍȌȤ ȘȐȒȠȈ ȊȗȘȧȋȈȍȚ șȍȉȧ ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȓȖ-
ȠȈȌȐ Ȋ ȒȖȓȧșȒț Ȑ ȉȍșȗȘȍȘȣȊȕȖ ȉȍȋȖȔ ȘȈȏȊȖȏȐȚ ȗȈșșȈȎȐȘȖȊ
ǪșȍȋȖ ȚȘȐ ȋȖȌȈ ȉȍȋȈȍȚ șȖ șȊȖȍȑ ȒȖȓȧșȒȖȑ ȗȖ ȗȣȓȤȕȣȔ ȏȈȋȈȎȍȕȕȣȔ țȓȐȞȈȔ
ǽțȕ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏ ș ȚȖȋȖ ȔțȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȕȈȞȍȗȐȓ ȉȍȓțȦ ȠȐȠȍȟȒț
ȕȈ Ƞȓȧȗț Ȑ ȕȈȌȍȓ ȉȍȓȣȍ ȚțȜȓȐ1 Ȋ ȏȕȈȒ ȚȘȈțȘȈ ȗȖ ȒȈȏȕȍȕȕȖȔț șȣȕț — ȍȌȐȕșȚ-
ȊȍȕȕȖȔț dzȐ
ǪșȍȋȖ ȚȘȐ ȋȖȌȈ Ȉ țȎȍ Ȋșȍ ȟȈȡȍ Ȑ ȟȈȡȍ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȍȔț ȟȚȖ ȊȖȚ-ȊȖȚ ȘȈȏȖȘȊȍȚșȧ
ȍȋȖ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȕȍ ȊȣȌȍȘȎȐȚ ȋȘțȌȤ ǵȈȔȍȌȕȐ ȍȋȖ ȗȓȍȊȒȐ ȖȒȘȈșȐȓȐșȤ ȒȘȖȊȤȦ Ȑ
ǽțȕ ȎȌȍȚ ȚȖȋȖ ȕȍȐȏȉȍȎȕȖȋȖ ȟȈșȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȈ ȚȘțȌȖȊȖȔ ȗȖșȚț ȋȌȍ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ Ȋ ȚȖȘ-
ȋȈȠȍșȒȖȑ șțȚȖȓȖȒȍ ȋȘȖȝȖȟțȡȐȝ țȓȐȞ Ȗȕ ȊȌȘțȋ ȋȘȖȝȕȍȚșȧ ȏȈȔȍȘȚȊȖ ȕȈȏȍȔȤ
ǹȔȍȘȚȤ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȖȕȈ — ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȈȧ ȎȍȓȈȕȕȈȧ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȧȧ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈ ȕȈ ȖșȐ-
ȘȖȚȍȓȖȔ ȚțȗȐȒȍ ȍȋȖ ȎȐȏȕȐ ǪȖȓȕțȍȚ Ȑ ȗțȋȈȍȚ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ ȏȈȉȖȚȈ Ȗ ȌȍȘȍȊȧȕȕȖȑ ȌȖ-
ȡȍȟȒȍ ș ȍȋȖ ȐȔȍȕȍȔ ǻȔȘȍȚ ǽțȕ Ȑ ȕȍȒțȌȈ ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȘȐȚȒȕțȚȤșȧ ȍȋȖ ȖȗțșȚȖȠȍȕ-
ȕȖȑ ȌțȠȍ2.
Ƕ ǽțȕ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȉțȌȤ șȣȕ dzȐ ȎȐȊ Ȗȕ ȗȘȍȗȖȌȕȍș ȉȣ ȍȔț ȌȘȈȋȖȞȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȖȌȈ-
ȘȖȒ — șȖșȕȖȊȣȑ ȋȘȖȉȐȒ Ȍȓȧ ȖșȚȈȕȒȖȊ3.
ǷȘȖȒȓȧȚȣȍ ȉȍȓȣȍ ȌȤȧȊȖȓȣ-ȟțȎȍșȚȘȈȕȞȣ ǰȏ-ȏȈ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕȈ ȚȖȗȖȘ ȘȈȏȓț-
ȟȐȓ ȋȖȓȖȊț ș ȚțȓȖȊȐȡȍȔ dzȐ Ȑ ȖȚȞȈ ș șȣȕȖȔ
ǽțȕ ȊȍȏȍȚ ȕȍȕȈȊȐșȚȕȖȋȖ ȉȍȓȖȓȐȞȍȋȖ ȟțȎȍșȚȘȈȕȞȈ ǪȖȚ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȚȈȒ ȔțȟȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȟȍȚȒȖ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȗȈȔȧȚȐ ȗȘȖȗȓȣȊȈȦȚ ȒȖȠȔȈȘȕȣȍ ȊȐȌȍȕȐȧ ȕȍȌȈȊȕȍȋȖ ȗȘ-
ȖȠȓȖȋȖ
ǴȈȓȤȟȐȒȈ dzȐ ǽțȕ ȖȚȌȈȓ Ȋ ȉȖȑȒȐ4 Ȓ ȉȖȋȈȚȖȔț ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕț — ȔȐșȚȍȘț ǹȚȍȒț
1 Ɍɪɚɭɪ ɭ ɤɢɬɚɣɰɟɜ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɱɟɪɧɵɦ ɚ ɛɟɥɵɦ ɰɜɟɬɨɦ
2 ȼ ɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɨɣ ɬɟɦɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɟ ɞɨ ɫɢɯ ɩɨɪ ɧɟ ɢɡɠɢɬ ɤɭɥɶɬ ɩɪɟɞɤɨɜ Ɉɧɢ ɜɟɪɹɬ ɱɬɨ ɭ ɱɟ-
ɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɬɪɢ ɞɭɲɢ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɫɦɟɪɬɢ ɨɞɧɚ ɢɡ ɞɭɲ ɜɫɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɫɨɛɭɸ ɞɨɳɟɱɤɭ ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨ-
ɪɨɣ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɨ ɢɦɹ ɩɨɤɨɣɧɨɝɨ Ɍɚɤɢɟ ɞɨɳɟɱɤɢ ɫ ©ɞɭɲɚɦɢª ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɟ-
ɦɶɟ ɩɨɤɨɣɧɨɝɨ ɧɚ ɩɨɱɟɬɧɨɦ ɦɟɫɬɟ
3 ɍ ɤɢɬɚɣɰɟɜ ɟɳɟ ɩɪɢ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɨɬɰɚ ɫɵɧ ɡɚɝɨɬɨɜɥɹɟɬ ɝɪɨɛ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɚɪɢɤɚ ɢ ɷɬɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɨ-
ɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ ɨɫɨɛɨɣ ɫɵɧɨɜɧɟɣ ɩɨɱɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
4 Ȼɨɣɤɚ — ɦɚɥɶɱɢɤ ɫɥɭɝɚ

109
ǷȘȐ ȘȍȌȒȐȝ șȊȐȌȈȕȐȧȝ ș ȖȚȞȖȔ dzȐ ȕȍȐȏȔȍȕȕȖ ȎȈȓȖșȚȕȖ Ȋȣȓ ȒȈȒ șȖȉȈȟȖȕ-
ȒȈ ȗȘȐȎȐȔȈȧșȤ Ȓ ǽțȕț Ȑ țȔȖȓȧȓ ȊȏȧȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖ Ȋ ȜȈȕȏț
Ǭȓȧ ȒȈȎȌȖȑ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȊșȚȘȍȟȐ ț ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒȈ șȒȈȗȓȐȊȈȓȈșȤ ȋȘțȌȈ ȖȉȐȌ Ȑ Ȗȕ Ȋ ȎȈ-
ȓȖȉȈȝ ȕȈȘȈșȗȍȊ ȊȣȗȓȈȒȐȊȈȓ ȖȚȞț șȊȖȍ ȋȖȘȍ ǰȏȖ Ȍȕȧ Ȋ ȌȍȕȤ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒ ȗȍȘȍȕȖ-
șȐȓ ȗȖȉȖȐ Ȑ ȐȏȌȍȊȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ Ȋ ȉȈȘșȒȖȔ ȌȖȔȍ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȝȖȏȧȐȕȈ
ǷȘȖȠȓȐ ȋȖȌȣ
dzȐ ȊȣȘȖș Ȋ ȏȈȉȐȚȖȋȖ ȗȖȒȖȘȕȖȋȖ ȦȕȖȠț-ȘȈȉȈ DzȈȏȈȓȖșȤ Ȗȕ șȔȐȘȐȓșȧ Țȍ-
ȗȍȘȤ ȗȘȐ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȝ ș ȖȚȞȖȔ șȣȕ ȕȍ ȎȈȓȖȊȈȓșȧ Ȉ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ țȋȘȦȔȖ ȔȖȓȟȈȓ ȋȓȧȌȧ
ȐșȗȖȌȓȖȉȤȧ
ǽțȕ ȊșȗȖȔȐȕȈȍȚ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȦȦ ȊșȚȘȍȟț ș șȣȕȖȔ
ǫȘȧȏȕȖȔț ȘȈȉȖȟȍȔț-șȚȈȘȐȒț ȖȚȞț ȉȣȓȖ ȊȖȊșȍ ȏȈȗȘȍȡȍȕȖ ȗȖȧȊȓȧȚȤșȧ ȌȈȎȍ
ȊȖ ȌȊȖȘȍ ȊȖȏȓȍ ȌȖȔȈ ȔȐșȚȍȘȈ ǹȚȍȒȈ ǵȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ ǽțȕȈ ȗȖșȚȐȋȓȖ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȤȍ — Ȑȏ
ǿȐȜț ȗȘȐȠȓȈ ȊȍșȚȤ Ȗ șȔȍȘȚȐ Ȏȍȕȣ — ȕȍ ȊȣȌȍȘȎȈȓ ǽțȕ Ȑ ȗȖȠȍȓ Ȓ șȣȕț ȗȖȌȍ-
ȓȐȚȤșȧ ȖȉȡȐȔ ȋȖȘȍȔ
ǯȈȌȕȐȔ ȝȖȌȖȔ ȒȈȒ ȊȖȘ ȗȘȖȒȘȈȓșȧ ȖȚȍȞ Ȓ șȣȕț ȕȈ ȒțȝȕȦ
ǻ ȗȖȘȖȋȈ ȍȋȖ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓ dzȐ
— ǴȖȑ șȣȕ Țȍȉȧ ȗȖșȚȐȋȓȖ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȤȍ — șȒȖȘȉȕȖ-ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ
ǽțȕ — țȔȍȘȓȈ ȚȊȖȧ ȔȈȚȤ Dzțȕ-ȕȧ ȔȖȧ ȌȖșȚȖȗȖȟȚȍȕȕȈȧ ȎȍȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ
ǵȖ șȚȈȘȐȒ ȕȍ țșȗȍȓ ȏȈȒȖȕȟȐȚȤ
Ǫ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ ȗȘȖșȊȐșȚȍȓȈ ȗȓȍȚȤ ǴȐșȚȍȘ ǹȚȍȒ ȕȍȏȈȔȍȚȕȖ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ șȏȈȌȐ Ȑ ȕȈ-
ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ ȕȈ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ
ǵȈȗȘȈșȕȖ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȊȣȒȘȐȒȐȊȈȓ ǽțȕ ȕȈȗȘȈșȕȖ șȐȓȐȓșȧ șȓȈȉȣȑ dzȐ țȌȍȘȎȈȚȤ
șȐȓȤȕțȦ ȘțȒț ȖȏȊȍȘȍȓȖȋȖ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕȈ — ȗȖȒȈ ǽțȕ ȕȍ șȉȍȎȈȓ ș ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȣ ȕȈ
ȒȈȎȌȖȑ șȚțȗȍȕȐ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȖȗțșȒȈȓȈșȤ ȗȓȍȚȤ
ǬȊȍȘȤ ȏȈȝȓȖȗȕțȓȈșȤ
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȌȍȕȤ țȏȕȈȓ ǽțȕ ȟȚȖ dzȐ ȏȈșȚțȗȐȓșȧ ȏȈ ȖȚȞȈ ǵȍ țșȗȍȓȈ ȍȡȍ
ȏȈȝȓȖȗȕțȚȤșȧ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ șȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȚȖȗȖȘ Ȑ țȌȈȘȖȔ Ȋ ȓȐȞȖ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓ ȗȖȌȕȐ-
ȔȈȊȠȍȋȖșȧ ȗȖ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȍ ȔȐșȚȍȘȈ ǹȚȍȒȈ
ǹȚȍȒ țȗȈȓ ȖȉȓȐȊȈȧșȤ ȒȘȖȊȤȦ
ǻȎȍ ȊȗȖșȓȍȌșȚȊȐȐ ǽțȕ țȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ ț ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ©ȗȖȟȐ-
ȕȐȓȐª ȐșȒțșȕȣȍ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑșȒȐȍ ȊȘȈȟȐ ȓȐȞȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȉȍȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȖ șȗȓȖȠȕȖȑ ȊȗȈ-
ȌȐȕȖȑ ȠȘȈȔȈ Ȑ ȖȚșțȚșȚȊȐȍȔ ȗȘȈȊȖȑ țȠȕȖȑ ȘȈȒȖȊȐȕȣ
DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ dzȐ ȒȈȏȕȐȓȐ ȕȈ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȐ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏȉȖȑȕȐȒȈ ǰ Ȋ ȚȣșȧȟȕȖȑ ȚȖȓȗȍ șȕȖ-
ȊȈȓ ȖȉȍȏțȔȍȊȠȐȑ ǽțȕ
DzȈȒ Ȋ ȉȘȍȌț Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȗȈȔȧȚȐ ȊșȚȈȍȚ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȈ ȒȈȏȕȐ
dzȐ șȖ șȒȘțȟȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȕȈȏȈȌ ȘțȒȈȔȐ șȒȓȖȕȐȓ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȕȈȌ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȧȔȖȑ
ǷȈȓȈȟ ȊȏȔȍȚȕțȓ ȚȖȗȖȘ Ǩȝ dzȐ ȌȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț Ȑ ȚȖȗȖȘ ȊȘȍȏȈȓșȧ ȍȔț Ȋ ȗȓȍ-
ȟȖ dzȐ ȋȘȖȝȕțȓșȧ ȕȈȏȍȔȤ ǵȖ Ȗȕ ȎȐȊ Ƕȕ șțȌȖȘȖȎȕȖ ȊșȒȐȌȣȊȈȍȚ ȋȖȓȖȊț
ǺȖȓȗȈ ȒȈȒ ȔȖȘȍ ȊȖȓȕțȍȚșȧ ȘȍȊȍȚ
ǵȍȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȒȘȐȟȐȚ ǽțȕ
— ǬȖȉȍȑ ǵȍ ȔțȟȤ ȔȖȍ ȌȐȚȧ
ǰ ȒȘȐȒ ȥȚȖȚ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȗȖȊȐș ȖȌȐȕȖȒȖ șȘȍȌȐ șȌȍȘȎȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȠțȔȈ
ǷȈȓȈȟ ȖȗțșȒȈȍȚșȧ ȕȈ ȖȌȕȖ ȒȖȓȍȕȖ ǵȖȊȣȑ țȌȈȘ — Ȑ ȖȚ ȓȍȎȈȟȍȋȖ ȚȍȓȈ ȖȚ-
ȒȈȚȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ Ȑ ȖșȚȈȕȈȊȓȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ȗȖȟȍȔț-ȚȖ ȕȈ șȈȔȖȔ ȒȘȈȦ ȧȔȣ ǷȈȓȈȟ
ȕȖȋȖȑ ȕȍȉȘȍȎȕȖ ȗȖȌȌȍȊȈȍȚ ȗȖȌ ȡȍȒț Ȑ ȔȍȘȚȊȈȧ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ — Ȋ ȧȔȍ

110
ǽțȕ ȖȚȟȍȚȓȐȊȖ ȊșȗȖȔȐȕȈȍȚ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȔȐȋ ȥȚȐȝ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȝ ȔȐȕțȚ Ƕȕ ȗȖȔȕȐȚ
ȌȈȎȍ ȒȈȒ ȗȈȓȈȟ șȘȈȏț Ȏȍ ȗȖșȓȍ ȒȈȏȕȐ ȊȗȐȝȕțȓ șȍȉȍ Ȋ ȏțȉȣ șȐȋȈȘȍȚȒț Ȑ Ȗ șțȒȕȖ
ȉȘȦȒ ȟȐȘȒȕțȓ șȗȐȟȒȖȑ
Ǫșȍ ȌȖ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȑ ȔȍȓȖȟȐ ȗȖȔȕȐȚ ǽțȕ
ǷȖȚ ȋȘȈȌȖȔ șȚȍȒȈȍȚ ȗȖ ȓȐȞț ȏȈ ȊȖȘȖȚ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȊȣȔȈȏȈȕȈ ȓȐȗȒȐȔ ȎȐ-
ȘȖȔ ȘȍȌȒȐȍ ȊȖȓȖșȣ șȓȐȗȈȦȚșȧ Ȋ șȈȓȤȕȖȔ ȗȖȚț ǵȈ ȓȉț ȕȈ Ƞȍȍ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȕȈȌț-
Țȣȍ ȘȍȏȐȕȖȊȣȍ ȚȘțȉȖȟȒȐ ȗȘȣȋȈȦȚ Ȋ ȚȈȒȚ ȉȍȋȈ ȊȏȌțȊȠȐȍșȧ ȎȐȓȣ
ǰ ǽțȕ ȉȍȎȐȚ ȉȍȎȐȚ ȉȍȎȐȚ ȚȖȟȕȖ țȉȍȋȈȍȚ ȖȚ șȊȖȍȑ ȗȈȔȧȚȐ
ǵȖȋȐ ȕȖȦȚ ȋȖȘȧȚ
ǸțȒȐ ȉțȌȚȖ ȗȘȐȒȖȊȈȕȣ Ȓ ȒȖȓȧșȒȍ ǷȈȓȤȞȣ ȊȘȍȏȈȦȚșȧ Ȋ ȌȍȘȍȊȖ
ǪȖȒȘțȋ ȏȊȍȕȧȚ ȎțȎȎȈȚ ȒțȊȣȘȒȈȦȚșȧ Ȋ ȏȊțȒȈȝ Ȑ ȒȘȈșȒȈȝ ȗȍșȚȘȣȍ ȊȍȘȚȓȧ-
Ȋȣȍ țȓȐȞȣ
ǷȈșșȈȎȐȘ ǽțȕȈ ș șȐȋȈȘȖȑ Ȋ ȏțȉȈȝ ȘȈȏȊȈȓȐȓșȧ țȌȖȉȕȖ Ȑ țȦȚȕȖ Ȋ ȒȖȓȧșȒȍ Ȋ
ȘțȒȈȝ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȋȈȏȍȚȈ Ƕȕ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȐȚ Ȗȕ ȏȈȉȣȓ ȍȔț ȕȍȚ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȋȖ ȌȍȓȈ ȌȖ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ
ȘȐȒȠȐ
DZ ǽțȕ ȉȍȎȐȚ ȉȍȎȐȚ ȉȍȎȐȚ
ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ Ȋ ȗȈȔȧȚȐ ȗȘȖȘȣȊȈȦȚșȧ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ șțȌȖȘȖȋȐ ȊȖșȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȑ
ǽțȕ ȘȈșȚȈȓȒȐȊȈȍȚ ȚȖȓȗț ȗȧȌȤ ȏȈ ȗȧȌȤȦ ȗȘȖȉȐȊȈȍȚșȧ Ȓ ȖȉȍȏȋȓȈȊȓȍȕȕȖȔț
șȣȕț ǭȔț Ȋ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȑ ȋțȡȍ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȍȚșȧ ȚȈȔ ȕȈ ȒȘȖȊȈȊȣȝ
ȗȖȌȔȖșȚȒȈȝ ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȖȋȖ ȏȘȍȓȐȡȈ
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖȘȊȈȓșȧ Ȓ ȗȍȘȊȣȔ ȘȧȌȈȔ ǻȊȣ — Ȑ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȑ ȚțȓȖȊȐȡȍ țȎȍ țȊȖ-
ȓȖȒȓȐ ȕȐȡȐȍ ȒȈȓȍȒȐ — ȝȖȘȖȕȐȚȤ1 Ƕȕ ȊȐȌȐȚ ȓȐȠȤ șȊȖȘț ȥȚȐȝ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȝ
ȖȚȘȍȗȤȍȊ ǶȕȐ șȕȧȓȐ ȖȌȍȎȌț ș ȍȋȖ șȣȕȈ dzȐ Ȑ ȌȍȓȧȚ ȔȍȎȌț șȖȉȖȑ
ǰ ȉȍȎȐȚ ȉȍȎȐȚ ȉȍȎȐȚ ǽțȕ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ-ȓȖȠȈȌȤ
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ǹȍȋȖȌȕȧ ǽțȕ ș țȚȘȈ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȕȈȑȚȐ șȍȌȖȒȈ
ǷȈșȔțȘȕȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ dzȦȌȐ șȐȌȧȚ Ȋ ȌȖȔȈȝ Dz ȚȖȔț Ȏȍ ȕȈ Ȍȕȧȝ ȗȖȧȊȐȓȐșȤ ȥȚȐ
ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȣȍ ȈȊȚȖȉțșȣ ǶȕȐ ȖȚȕȐȔȈȦȚ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȒțșȖȒ ȝȓȍȉȈ ț ȉȍȌȕȖȋȖ ȘȐȒȠȐ
©ǴȈȠȐȕȈ șȒȖȘȍȑ ȉȍȋȈȍȚ ȟȍȔ șȚȈȘȣȍ ȕȖȋȐª — ș ȋȖȘȍȟȤȦ ȌțȔȈȍȚ ǽțȕ
ǵȈșȒȊȖȏȤ ȗȘȖȌȘȖȋȠȐȑ ǽțȕ țșȚȈȓ ȉȍȋȈȚȤ Ȋ ȗȖȐșȒȈȝ șȍȌȖȒȈ Ȑ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ț
ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ ǯȌȍșȤ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑȞȍȊ — ȏȌȍșȤ Ȑȝ Ȓȓțȉ
ǽțȕ ȕȍ ȖȌȐȕ ǬȍșȧȚȒȐ ȘȐȒȠ șȚȘȖȑȕȖ ȊȣȚȧȕțȓȐșȤ ȖȚ ȗȖȌȢȍȏȌȈ ȊȌȖȓȤ șȚȍȕ
ǺȖ Ȑ ȌȍȓȖ ȊȣȝȖȌȧȚ ȉȍȓȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ șȈȌȧȚșȧ Ȋ ȒȖȓȧșȒȐ Ȑ ȘȐȒȠȐ ȊȗȘȧȋȈȦȚșȧ Ȑ
ȊȍȏțȚ Ȑȝ
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȤ ȌȖȠȓȈ Ȑ ȌȖ ȝțȕȖȊȖȑ ȒȖȓȧșȒȐ
ǯȈȉȖȓȚȈȓșȧ ǽțȕ ș ȔȖȓȖȌȣȔȐ ȘȐȒȠȈȔȐ Ȑ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȒȖȓȧșȒț șȍȓ
1 ȼ Ʉɢɬɚɟ ɬɪɭɩ ɤɚɡɧɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɟɪɟɞɤɨ ɞɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɢɳɢɦ — ɤɭɪɢɥɶɳɢɤɚɦ ɨɩɢɹ ɢ ɦɨɪ-
ɮɢɧɢɫɬɚɦ Ɂɚ ɜɨɡɧɚɝɪɚɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɬɭɪɨɣ ɨɞɟɠɞɨɣ ɨɛɭɜɶɸ
 ɨɧɢ ɡɚɪɵɜɚɸɬ ɬɪɭɩ

șȚȘȈȠȕȣȑ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕ ȔȐșȚȍȘ ǹȚȍȒ
DzȘȖȊȤ ȉȘȖșȐȓȈșȤ Ȓ Ƞȍȍ ȏȈȚȣȓȒț Ȑ ȏȈȓȐȓȈ Ȋșȍ ȓȐȞȖ ǽțȕȈ ǯȈȉȍȋȈȓȐ șțȌȖ-
ȘȖȎȕȖ Ȋ țȏȒȐȝ ȡȍȓȧȝ ȘȈșȒȖșȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȈ Ǫ ȕȐȝ ȗȘȖȔȍȓȤȒȕțȓȖ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȏȓȖ-
Ȋȍȡȍȍ
©DzȈȒ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȑ șȣȕ ȕȍȏȈȉȊȍȕȕȣȑ dzȐ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓ ȕȈ ȚȊȖȍȔ ȓȐȞȍ “ȗȖ-
ȔȍȚȒț”», — ȌțȔȈȓ ǽțȕ ȊȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȧșȤ Ȋ ȖȉȍȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȕȖȍ ȉȍȏțȝȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȔȐșȚȍȘȈ
ǹȚȍȒȈ ȗȖȒȈ ȚȖȚ țȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ ȍȔț ȒțȌȈ ȍȝȈȚȤ
ǹȚȍȒ ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ țȏȕȈȓ ǽțȕȈ ǬȈ ȍȔț ȉȣȓȖ Ȑ ȕȍ ȌȖ ȥȚȖȋȖ Ȗȕ ȚȖȘȖȗȐȓșȧ Ȑ țȎȍ
ȊȍșȤ șȗȘȧȚȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȒȖȓȧșȒț șȖ Ȋșȍȝ șȚȖȘȖȕ ȏȈȒȘȣȚțȦ șȚȍȕȒȈȔȐ
ǹȚȈȘȐȒ ȊȗȘȧȋșȧ Ȑ ȗȖȊȍȏ șȍȌȖȒȈ
ǺȘțȌȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȍȕȕȖȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ Ȋ țȧȏȊȓȍȕȕȖȔ șȍȘȌ-
Ȟȍ ǽțȕȈ
ǵȐȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȚȈȒ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȕȍ Ȋȍȏ șȍȌȖȒȈ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȈȏ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȏȈ ȍȋȖ șȗȐȕȖȦ
Ȋșȍȑ șȊȖȍȑ ȚȧȎȍșȚȤȦ ȕȈȌȈȊȓȐȊȈȧ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȋȘțȌȤ ȉȣȓ ȚȖȚ ȒȚȖ ȓȐȠȐȓ ȍȋȖ șȣȕȈ
ȒȚȖ ȗȘȐȕȍș ȍȔț ȚȈȒ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȋȖȘȧ
ǵȈȌȊȐȋȈȓȈșȤ ȋȘȖȏȈ ǽțȕ ȚȖȘȖȗȐȓșȧ ǪȖȚ țȎȍ ȘȈȏȌȈȓșȧ ȘȈșȒȈȚ ȋȘȖȔȈ DzȈȒ-ȚȖ
șȘȈȏț țȌȈȘȐȓ ȗȖȘȣȊ ȊȍȚȘȈ Ȑ ȊȌȘțȋ ȒȘțȗȕȣȍ ȒȈȗȓȐ ȝȓȣȕțȊȠȍȋȖ ȌȖȎȌȧ ȏȈșȚț-
ȒȈȓȐ ȗȖ ȒȖȓȧșȒȍ ȏȈșȚȘȍȒȖȚȈȓȐ ȗȖ țȓȐȞȍ ȗȖ ȌȖȔȈȔ
ǵȈșȒȊȖȏȤ ȗȘȖȔȖȒ ǽțȕ
ǰ șȚȈȘȐȒ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȉȍȎȈȚȤ țȎȍ ȚȈȒ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȖ ȊȏȘȣȝȓȍȕȕȖȑ ȌȖȎȌȍȔ ȋȘȧȏȕȖȑ
ȌȖȘȖȋȍ ǺȖ Ȑ ȌȍȓȖ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȖșȤ ȖȉȍȋȈȚȤ ȓțȎȐ
ǵȈȌȊȐȋȈȓșȧ șȈȔȣȑ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȐȑ șȊȐȘȍȗȣȑ ȚȈȑȜțȕ Ǩ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕȈ ȕȈȌȖ ȉȣ-
ȓȖ ȍȡȍ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȊȍȏȚȐ
ǽțȕ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȍȘȍȊȍșȚȐ Ȍțȝ ǵȖ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ ȗȘȐȖȚȒȘȣȓȈșȤ ȗȍȘȍȌ-
ȕȧȧ șȚȍȕȒȈ ȒȖȓȧșȒȐ Ȑ ȖșȚȘȣȑ ȒȖȕȍȞ ȏȖȕȚȐȒȈ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȏ ȗȖȌȘȧȌ ȊȖȕȏȐȓșȧ Ȋ
ȚȍȓȖ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȈ — ȥȚȖ ȔȐșȚȍȘ ǹȚȍȒ ȗȖȌȋȖȕȧȓ ȊȣȉȐȊȠțȦșȧ Ȑȏ șȐȓ ©șȒȖȚȐȕțª...
ǰ ȖȚȒțȌȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȏȧȓȐșȤ ȊȌȘțȋ șȐȓȣ ț șȚȈȘȐȒȈ ǵȍ țșȗȍȓȈ ȒȖȓȧșȒȈ ȏȈȒ-
ȘȣȚȤșȧ ȒȈȒ ǽțȕ ȚȖȟȕȖ țȎȈȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȖȚȗȘȧȕțȓ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț Ȑ șȕȖȊȈ ȊȗȘȧȋșȧ ȕȖ
țȎȍ ȕȍ ȖȉȣȟȕȖ Ȉ ȏȈȌȖȔ ȕȈȗȍȘȍȌ — ȓȐȞȖȔ Ȓ șȍȌȖȒț
ǽțȕ ȏȕȈȓ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȟȚȖ ȍȔț ȌȍȓȈȚȤ
Ƕȕ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȖȒȈȚȐȓ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕȈ ȕȖ ȕȍ ȚțȌȈ ȒțȌȈ ȕțȎȕȖ ȕȍ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ Ȉ Ȋ ȉȖ-
ȒȖȊțȦ țȓȐȞț ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ țȗȐȘȈȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȒȘțȚȖȑ ȉȍȘȍȋ ȘȍȒȐ
ǨȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕ ȊȐȌȐȔȖ ȗȖȟțȧȓ ȥȚȖ ǵȖ ȕȍ țșȗȍȓ Ȗȕ ȍȡȍ ȗȘȐȖȚȒȘȣȚȤ ȗȍȘȍȌ-
ȕȦȦ șȚȍȕȒț ȒȖȓȧșȒȐ ȒȈȒ ǽțȕ ȊȣȗțșȚȐȓ ȍȍ Ȑȏ ȘțȒ Ȑ ȖȕȈ ș ȋȘȖȝȖȚȖȔ ȗȖȒȈȚȐ-
ȓȈșȤ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș șȍȌȖȒȖȔ ȗȖ ȒȘțȚȖȔț ȒȈȔȍȕȕȖȔț ȖȚȒȖșț ȊȕȐȏ Ȋ șȈȔțȦ ȗȈșȚȤ ȘȈȏ-
ȉțȠȍȊȈȊȠȍȑșȧ ȖȚ ȚȈȑȜțȕȈ ȘȍȒȐ
ǶȌȐȕ ǽțȕ ș ȗțșȚȣȕȕȖȑ ȕȈȉȍȘȍȎȕȖȑ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȒȈȒ ȌȊȈȎȌȣ ȕȈȌ ȊȖȓȕȈȔȐ ȊȏȔȍȚ-
ȕțȓȐșȤ ȒȖȓȍșȈ ȍȋȖ ȚȍȓȍȎȒȐ

113
ǰ ȍǽǼǻǿǸǼǺ ǺdzȆǸdz
ǸȜȞȓȗȟȘȎȭ ȏȩșȪ
Ǫ ȉȍȏȓȍșȕȖȑ șȚȍȗȕȖȑ ȕȐȏȐȕȍ ȘȈȏȉȘȖșȈȓșȧ ǿȎȐȕ-ǿț — ȊȣșȍȓȖȒ ȒȖȘȍȑȞȍȊ-ȝț-
ȚȖȘȧȕ
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȒȘȈȐȕȕȈȧ ȔȈȏȈȕȒȈ ǿȖȕ ǿț-ȟȣȕȈ ȊȐșȐȚ ȕȈ ȗȘȐȋȖȘȒȍ
ǹ țȚȘȍȕȕȍȑ ȗȘȖȝȓȈȌȖȑ ȕȈ ȘȖșȍ ǿȖȕ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȚ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖȑ ȊȈȎȕȖȑ ȗȖȝȖȌȒȖȑ
ȏȈ ȗȖȘȖȋ ȌȖȔȐȒȈ țșȈȎȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ȕȈ ȒȖȘȚȖȟȒȐ ȓȐȞȖȔ Ȓ ȊȖșȝȖȌȧȡȍȔț șȖȓȕȞț Ȑ
ȒȘȖȗȖȚȓȐȊȖ ȏȈȒțȘȐȊȈȍȚ ȌȓȐȕȕțȦ Ȋ ȌȊȈ ȓȖȒȚȧ ȒȈȔȣȠȖȊțȦ ȚȘțȉȒț
ǿȖȕ ȡțȘȐȚ ȉȓȍȒȓȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȍȕȒȐ ȓȦȉȖȊȕȖ ȖȉȖȏȘȍȊȈȧ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȍ ȗȖȓȧ-ȋȘȧȌȣ
Ȑ ȔȈȏȈȕȒȐ ȊȣșȍȓȒȈ
ǹȍȔȤȌȍșȧȚ șȍȔȤ ȓȍȚ șȚȈȘȐȒț ȕȖ Ȗȕ ȒȘȍȗȖȒ ȏȌȖȘȖȊ șȈȔ șȗȘȈȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ș ȖȋȖ-
ȘȖȌȖȔ ȏȈșȍȧȕȕȣȔ ȟțȔȐȏȖȑ ȋȈȖȓȧȕȖȔ ȒȈȘȚȖȜȍȓȍȔ Ȑ ȒțȒțȘțȏȖȑ ǹȈȔ ȊȖȏȐȚșȧ
Ȋ ȘȐșȖȊȖȔ ȉȖȓȖȚȍ ȒȖȊȣȘȧȍȚșȧ ȔȖȚȣȋȖȑ Ȋ ȏȍȔȓȍ
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ǹ Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȐȠȓȐ ȕȍȕȈȊȐșȚȕȣȍ ȧȗȖȕȞȣ Ȑ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȚȐȓȐ ©ǹȚȘȈȕț țȚȘȍȕ-
ȕȍȋȖ ȗȖȒȖȧª — DzȖȘȍȦ — Ȋ șȊȖȦ ȗȘȖȊȐȕȞȐȦ ǿȖșȍȕ — Ȋșȍ ȗȖȠȓȖ ȗȘȈȝȖȔ Ȋ șȍ-
ȔȤȍ ǿȖȕȖȊ
ȇȗȖȕȞȣ țȉȐȓȐ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ șȣȕȈ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ ǩȍȕ-ȟț ǿȖȕȈ ǬȖ ȗȖȓțșȔȍȘȚȐ ȏȈ-
ȔțȟȐȓȐ ȗȈȓȈȟȐ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȕȣȔȐ ȗȣȚȒȈȔȐ Ȑ șȣȕȈ ǩȍȕȈ ȊȕțȒȈ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ — ȇȒ-șț
ǿȖȕȈ ȖșȚȈȊȐȊ ȎțȚȒȐȍ șȓȍȌȣ-ȠȘȈȔȣ ȕȈ ȓȉț Ȑ ȡȍȒȈȝ
ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ șȍȔȤ ȓȍȚ ȚȖȔț ȕȈȏȈȌ ǰ ș Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ șȒȘȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ ȖȉȍȏȌȖȓȍȕ-
ȕȣȔ Ȑ ȔșȚȐȚ ȏȈ ȖȚȞȈ Ȑ ȘȖȌȐȕț ȇȒ-șț ȧȗȖȕȞȈȔ DzȈȒ ȏȈȚȘȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȏȊȍȘȤ ȇȒ-șț
ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȘȐȑȚȐ ȌȈȎȍ Ȓ ȓȦȉȐȔȖȔț ȖȟȈȋț — ȍȋȖ șȝȊȈȚȧȚ Ȑ ȉȘȖșȧȚ Ȋ ȚȦȘȍȔȕțȦ
ȧȔț
©ǺȖȓȤȒȖ țȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȇȒ-șțª — ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȧȧ ȔȍȟȚȈ ǿȖȕȈ
ǬȖȓȋȐȝ șȍȔȤ ȓȍȚ ȘȈȏȓțȒȐ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȌțȔȈȍȚ șȚȈȘȐȒ Ȗ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȔ ȗȖ-
șȓȍȌȕȍȔ ȌȍȚȐȡȍ ȘȖȌȈ ǿȖȕȖȊ Ȑ ș ȒȈȎȌȖȑ ȕȖȊȖȑ ȓțȕȖȑ ǿȖȕ ȖȚȕȖșȐȚ Ȋ ȉȓȐȎȈȑ-
ȠȐȑ ȝȘȈȔ ȔȖȓȐȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȏȈȗȐșȒȐ ȗȘȐȒȘȍȗȓȧȍȚ Ȑȝ Ȓ șȚȈȚțȧȔ ȉȖȋȖȊ ȗȘȖșȐȚ ȌȈ-
ȘȖȊȈȚȤ ȊșȚȘȍȟț ș ȊȕțȒȖȔ
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ǹȍȋȖȌȕȧ țȚȘȖȔ ȒȖȋȌȈ ǿȖȕ ȗȖ ȖȉȣȟȈȦ șȐȌȍȓ ȕȈ ȒȖȘȚȖȟȒȈȝ ȏȈ ȗȖȘȖȋȖȔ ȔȈ-

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ȏȈȕȒȐ ȔȐȔȖ ȚȘȐȎȌȣ — ȊȖȓȕȖȑ — ȗȘȖȕȣȘȧȓȈ ȦȘȒȈȧ șȖȘȖȒȈ
©ǪȍșȚȤª — Ȑ țȓȣȉȒȈ ȏȈȌȍȘȎȈȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȔțȌȘȖ-șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȔ ȓȐȞȍ ǿȖȕȈ
Ǫ ȚȖȚ Ȏȍ ȌȍȕȤ Ȓ ȗȖȓțȌȕȦ Ȑȏ ȝțȚȖȘȈ Ȋ ȝțȚȖȘ Ȑȏ țșȚ Ȋ țșȚȈ șȍȓȤșȒȐȍ șȚȘȈȕ-
ȕȐȒȐ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȊȈȓȐ ȕȖȊȖșȚȤ țȔȍȘ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘ DzȖȘȍȐ — ǰ-ȊȈȕ
Ǫ ȕȈȘȖȌȍ ȠȍȗȚȈȓȐșȤ Ȗ ȒȈȒȐȝ-ȚȖ șȖȉȣȚȐȧȝ Ȗ șȊȍȘȎȍȕȐȐ ȊȓȈșȚȐ ȧȗȖȕȞȍȊ Ȗ
ȗȖȝȖȘȖȕȈȝ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘȈ ǰ-ȊȈȕȈ ȊșȍȔ ȕȈȘȖȌȖȔ
ǰȏ ȝțȚȖȘȈ Ȋ ȝțȚȖȘ ȋțșȤȒȖȔ ȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȟțȎȐȍ ȓȦȌȐ Ȑ ȏȈȏȣȊȈȓȐ ȝțȚȖ-
Șȧȕ Ȋ ǹȍțȓ ȕȈ ȗȖȝȖȘȖȕȣ-ȊȖșșȚȈȕȐȍ
ǰ Ȓ ǿȖȕț ȗȘȐȠȓȐ ȟțȎȈȒȐ
DzȚȖ-ȚȖ Ƞȍȗȕțȓ
— ǹȚȈȘȐȒ Ȋ ǹȍțȓȍ ȚȊȖȑ ȊȕțȒ ȇȒ-șț Ƕȕ ȉțȌȍȚ ȕȈ ȗȖȝȖȘȖȕȈȝ Ȋ ȚȖȓȗȍ ȓȦȌȍȑ
ǺȝȍȕȌȖȠȖ — ©ǵȍȉȍșȕȖȋȖ ȗțȚȐª
ǰ ȊȍșȚȕȐȒ Ȑșȟȍȏ
ǵȍȉȣȊȈȓȖȑ ȚȘȍȊȖȋȖȑ ȏȈȉȐȓȖșȤ șȍȘȌȞȍ ǿȖȕȈ ǹȚȈȘȐȒ ȚȖȚȟȈș ȕȈȌȍȓ ȉȍȓȣȑ ȗȈ-
ȘȈȌȕȣȑ ȚȘȈțȘȕȣȑ ȕȈȘȧȌ Ȑ ȕȈ ȠȐȠȒț ȊȖȓȖș ȕȈȗȧȓȐȓ ȊȣșȖȒțȦ Ƞȓȧȗț ș ȔȍȚȈȓ-
ȓȐȟȍșȒȖȑ șȍȚȒȖȑ
Ǩ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ ǿȖȕ ȕȈ ȚȘȧșțȟȍȑ ȈȘȉȍ țȎȍ ȍȝȈȓ Ȋ ǹȍțȓ
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ǪȖșȍȔȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȓȍȚ ǿȖȕ ȕȍ ȖȚȢȍȏȎȈȓ ȖȚ ȘȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȗȖșȍȓȒȈ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȉȓȐȎȈȑ-
ȠȍȋȖ ȝȘȈȔȈ ș Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ ȒȈȒ ȕȈșȐȓȤȕȐȒȐ-ȧȗȖȕȞȣ ȏȈȝȊȈȚȐȓȐ ȘȖȌȐȕț
ǰ ȕȍ țȏȕȈȓ ȊșȚȘȍȟȕȣȍ ȝțȚȖȘȈ șȍȓȍȕȐȧ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ ǷȧȌȤ ȏȈ ȗȧȌȤȦ Ȋșȧ șȚȘȈȕȈ Ȋ
ȚȘȈțȘȍ ǪșȦȌț ȕȍȏȊȈȕȣȍ ȧȗȖȕȞȣ
ǺȈȔ ȋȌȍ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȏȍȓȍȕȍȓȐ ȗȖȓȧ ȝȓȍȉȖȘȖȉȖȊ ǿȖȕ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȌȣȔȧȡȐȍșȧ ȏȈȊȖȌ-
șȒȐȍ ȚȘțȉȣ Ǫ ȏȈȊȖȌȈȝ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȈȌț Ȋ ȋȘȖȝȖȚȍ ȔȈȠȐȕ ȚȘțȌȐȓȐșȤ ȒȖȘȍȑȞȣ Ȍȓȧ ȗȘȐ-
ȠȍȓȤȞȍȊ-ȗȖȘȈȉȖȚȐȚȍȓȍȑ
ǩȓȐȎȍ Ȓ ǹȍțȓț Ȋșȍ ȌȖȘȖȋȐ Ȋșȍ ȚȘȖȗȣ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȗȓȖȚȕȖȔ ȚțȔȈȕȍ — Ȋ ȗȖȌȣȔȈȦ-
ȡȍȑșȧ ȗȣȓȐ ȖȚ Țȣșȧȟ ȗȍȠȍȝȖȌȖȊ Ȑ ȈȘȉ ȏȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȕȣȝ ȊȖȓȈȔȐ ǰ șȍȓȧȕȍ Ȑ ȝț-
ȚȖȘȧȕȍ Ȑ ȋȖȘȖȎȈȕȍ șȗȍȠȈȚ ȕȈ ȊȍȓȐȒȐȍ ȗȖȝȖȘȖȕȣ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȋȖ ȐȔȗȍȘȈ-
ȚȖȘȈ ǰ-ȊȈȕȈ
ǴțȌȘȣȑ ǿȖȕ ȏȕȈȍȚ șȒȖȘȉȤ ȗȓȈȟ Ȑ ȚȘȈțȘ ȖȉȢȧȓȐ șȚȘȈȕț ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ șȔȍȘ-
ȚȐ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘȈ ǵȍȚ ȥȚȖ — șȒȖȘȉȤ ȗȓȈȟ Ȑ ȚȘȈțȘ ȗȖȘȈȉȖȡȍȕȕȣȝ ȒȖȘȍȑȞȍȊ ȗȖ-
ȚȍȘȧȊȠȐȝ ȕȈȞȐȖȕȈȓȤȕțȦ șȊȖȉȖȌț
ǵȈ ȖȒȘȈȐȕȍ ǹȍțȓȈ ǿȖȕ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓ Ȋ ȗȖșȚȖȧȓȖȑ ȝȈȘȟȍȊȕȍ ȈȘȉț Ȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖ-ȉȣșȚ-
ȘȖ ȗȖȕȍșșȧ ȗȖ ȋȖȘȖȌț Ƕȕ ȉȍșȚȖȓȒȖȊȖ ȘȈșșȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȓ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȋȌȍ ȗȘȈȝ ǰ-ȊȈȕȈ
ȋȌȍ ȌȍȔȖȕșȚȘȈȞȐȧ ȋȌȍ ȓȦȌȐ ©ǵȍȉȍșȕȖȋȖ ȗțȚȐª
ǵȖ ȊșȒȖȘȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȑ ȗȖȚȖȒ țȊȓȍȒ ǿȖȕȈ Ȑ ȕȍ ȕȈȌȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȘȈșșȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȚȤ
ȓȦȌȍȑ — Ȋșȍ șȚȘȍȔȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȗȖȝȖȘȖȕȣ
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȌȐȕ ȦȘȒȐȑ ȘȧȉȖȑ ȒȖȘȍȍȞ ȗȘȐșȓțȠȈȓșȧ Ȓ șȚȈȘȐȒȖȊȣȔ ȘȈșșȗȘȖșȈȔ
Ƕȕ ș ȊȍȎȓȐȊȣȔ ȞȍȘȍȔȖȕȕȣȔ ȗȖȒȓȖȕȖȔ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓșȧ Ȓ ǿȖȕț
— ǪȈȔ ȕțȎȕȣ ȓȦȌȐ ©ǵȍȉȍșȕȖȋȖ ȗțȚȐª — ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȖȕȍȘȣ" DzȖȋȖ Ȋȣ ȐȡȍȚȍ"

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— Ƕ ȏȌȍșȤ șȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȟȚȖ ȊȘȧȌ ȓȐ Ȋȣ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȓȦȉȍȏȕȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȇȒ-șț
ǿȖȕȈ Ȑȏ ǿȎȐȕ-ǿț
—ǨȒȚȖȊȣ"
— ǿȖȕ ǿț-ȟȣȕ
ǸȧȉȖȑ ȒȖȘȍȍȞ ȏȈȟȍȔ-ȚȖ ȗȖȓȍȏ Ȋ ȉȖȒȖȊȖȑ ȒȈȘȔȈȕ Ȋȣȕțȓ ȕȍȏȈȔȍȚȕȖ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ
șȗȐșȒȐ ȗȘȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ Ȑȝ ȏȈ șȗȐȕȖȑ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ ǫȓȈȏȈ ȍȋȖ ȏȈȋȖȘȍȓȐșȤ ȎȈȌȕȖ Ȗȕ ȏȈ-
țȓȣȉȈȓșȧ Ȑ șȗȘȧȚȈȊ șȗȐșȒȐ șȚȈȓ ȠȍȗȚȈȚȤ șȒȖȘȖȋȖȊȖȘȒȖȑ ǿȖȕț
— ȇ ȊȈș șȊȍȌț ș ȇȒ-șț ȇ ȚȖȎȍ Ȑȏ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȖȕȍȘȖȊ Ȑȏ șȖȦȏȈ ©ǵȍȉȍșȕȖȋȖ
ȗțȚȐª
ǸȧȉȖȑ ȒȖȘȍȍȞ ȓȈșȒȖȊȖ Ȋȏȧȓ ȔȐȏȐȕȍȞ Ȗ ȔȐȏȐȕȍȞ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ Ȑ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȗȖȒȐȌȈȓ
ȍȋȖ
ǪȍșȤ ȋȖȘȖȌ ȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȣȔ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȔ ȓȈȋȍȘȍȔ ȊșȦȌț șȕȖȊȈȓȐ ȖȚȘȧȌȣ
ȗȖȓȐȞȍȑșȒȐȝ ȚȧȕțȓȐșȤ ȞȍȗȐ ȧȗȖȕșȒȐȝ șȖȓȌȈȚ ȗȖȎȈȘȕȣȍ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȣ ȋȘȖȏȕȣȍ
ȎȈȕȌȈȘȔȣ
ǺȖȓȗȣ ȒȖȘȍȑȞȍȊ Ȋ ȉȍȓȣȝ ȕȈȘȧȌȈȝ ȚȍȒȓȐ ȗȖ ȊșȍȔ țȏȒȐȔ țȓȐȞȈȔ ȏȈȓȐȊȈȓȐ ȗȓȖ-
ȡȈȌȤ șȓȐȊȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȗȍȘȍȒȘȍșȚȒȈȝ ǰ ǿȖȕț ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟțȌȖȔ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȚȤ Ȋ ȕȍȌȘȈȝ
ȥȚȐȝ șȖȚȍȕ Țȣșȧȟ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȘȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȇȒ-șț ǵȖ Ȗȕ ȊȍȘȐȓ ȦȘȒȖȔț șȗțȚȕȐȒț ȉȣȊȈ-
ȓȖȔț ȋȖȘȖȌșȒȖȔț ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒț
ǹșȖȝȠȐȔȐșȧ ȋțȉȈȔȐ șȚȈȘȐȒ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȉȘȍȌț ȚȊȍȘȌȐȓ ȊȖȏȓȦȉȓȍȕȕȖȍ ȐȔȧ ȊȕțȒȈ.
— ȇȒ-șț ȇȒ-șț ȇȒ...
ǪȌȘțȋ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ ȊȖȏȓȍ ǿȖȕȈ ȕȈȌ ȌȘȍȊȕȐȔȐ ȧȘȒȖȒȘȈșȖȟȕȣȔȐ ȝȖȘțȋȊȧȔȐ Șȍ-
ȓȐȋȐȖȏȕȣȔȐ Ȑ ȕȈȞȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȣȔȐ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȈȔȐ ȊȏȊȐȓȐșȤ ȊșȗȣȝȕțȓȐ ȒȘȈșȕȣȍ ȜȓȈ-
ȋȐ Ȑ ȘȈȏȖȔ ȋȘȧȕțȓ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȖȕȕȣȑ ȔȈȘȠ
ǰ Ȋșȍ șȔȍȠȈȓȖșȤ
ǪȣșȚȘȍȓȣ DzȘȐȒȐ ǹȚȖȕ ǵȍȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȈȧ ȌȈȊȒȈ
ǰ ǿȖȕ ȗȖȔȕȐȚ ȖșȚȘȖ ȓȐȠȤ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȚȧȎȍȓȖȍ ȖȗțșȚȐȓȖșȤ
ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȑ ȊȌȘțȋ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȐșȒȈȎȍȕȕȖȍ ȏȓȖȉȖȑ ȓȐȞȖ ȘȧȉȖȋȖ ȦȘȒȖȋȖ
șȗțȚȕȐȒȈ
ǰ Ȋșȍ ȗȖȚțȝȓȖ
Ƕȟȕțȓșȧ șȚȈȘȐȒ Ȋ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȔ ȗȖȓȐȞȍȑșȒȖȔ ȟȖȕȕȖ
Ǫ ȉȘȍȌț ǿȖȕ ȕȍ ȗȖȔȕȐȚ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȕȍȑ Ȑ ȕȖȟȍȑ Ȗȕ ȚȖȔȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȑ
ȋțȡȍ șȘȍȌȐ șȚȖȕȖȊ Ȑ ȒȘȐȒȖȊ ȖȉȍȏțȔȍȊȠȐȝ ȐșȚȍȘȏȈȕȕȣȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ Ȋ șȔȘȈȌȍ Ȑ Ȍț-
ȝȖȚȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȗȖȚȈ Ȑ ȐșȗȘȈȎȕȍȕȐȑ ǰȕȖȋȌȈ ȟȤȧ-ȚȖ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȍșȒȈȧ ȘțȒȈ
șȖȊȈȓȈ ȍȔț Ȋ ȏȈȗȍȒȠȐȑșȧ ȘȖȚ ȟȈȠȒț ȟțȔȐȏȣ ȐȓȐ ȓȖȔȖȚȤ ȋȈȖȓȧȕȖȊȖȑ ȓȍȗȍȠȒȐ
ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȒȖȋȌȈ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȍ șȚȈȓȖ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȚȤșȧ Ȓ ǿȖȕț Ȗȕ țșȓȣȠȈȓ șȊȖȍ ȐȔȧ Ȋ
ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȍ ȖȚȊȍȘșȚȐȍ ȒȖȊȈȕȖȑ ȌȊȍȘȐ
ǷȖȓȐȞȍȑșȒȐȍ ȗȐȕȒȈȔȐ ȊȣȊȍȓȐ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ Ȑȏ Ȗȉȡȍȑ ȒȈȔȍȘȣ Ȑ ȊȚȖȓȒȕțȓȐ Ȋ
ȗȖȓȕȖȍ șȊȍȚȈ ȗȖȔȍȡȍȕȐȍ
ǶșȊȖȐȓȐșȤ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȗȖșȓȍ ȚȤȔȣ
ǪȖȏȓȍ șȚȖȓȖȊ ț șȚȍȕ șȚȖȧȓȐ șȊȧȏȈȕȕȣȍ ȖȒȘȖȊȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ ȓȍȎȈȓȐ ȉȍȏ
ȗȈȔȧȚȐ Ȋ ȓțȎȈȝ ȒȘȖȊȐ ȊȐșȍȓȐ ȗȘȐȊȍȠȍȕȕȣȍ ȏȈ ȌȊȈ ȗȈȓȤȞȈ Ȓ ȗȖȚȖȓȒț
DzȈȒȐȔ-ȚȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȔ ȕȍȊȍȌȖȔȣȔ ȐȕșȚȘțȔȍȕȚȖȔ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȚȊȖȔ
 ȗȣȚȈȓȐ
ȦȕȖȠț-ȒȖȘȍȑȞȈ

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Ǫ țȋȓț ȊȐșȍȓ ȊȕȐȏ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ șȖ șȚȍȒȓȧȕȕȣȔȐ ȉȍșșȔȣșȓȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȈ-
ȏȈȔȐ ȘȈȏȌțȚȣȔ ȓȐȞȖȔ Ȑ ȗȈȓȈȟȐ ȊȓȐȊȈȓȐ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȕȖȏȌȘȐ ȋȖȘȧȟțȦ ȊȖȌț
ǸȍȌȒȐȍ ȊȖȓȖșȣ ȏȈȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȖȚ țȎȈșȈ ȕȈ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ — Ȗȕ ȗȖȗȈȓ Ȋ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚ
ȗȣȚȖȒ
ǿȖȕȈ ȗȖȌȊȍȓȐ Ȓ șȚȖȓț ȏȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ Ȋ ȊȖȘȖȝȍ ȉțȔȈȋ Șȣȓșȧ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ
ǹȚȈȘȐȒ ȖșȚȖȓȉȍȕȍȓ — ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȦȘȒȐȑ ȘȧȉȖȑ ȒȖȘȍȍȞ ȍȋȖ șȗțȚȕȐȒ
— ǿȖȕ ǿț-ȟȣȕ ȘȖȌȖȔ Ȑȏ ȇȕ-ȇȕȈ ȘȈȏȣșȒȐȊȈȍȔȣȑ ȧȗȖȕșȒȖȑ șȣșȒȕȖȑ ȗȖȓȐ-
ȞȐȍȑ ȊȖșșȚȈȊȠȐȑ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ șțȡȍșȚȊțȦȡȍȋȖ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ șȚȘȖȧ ȟȓȍȕ ȗȘȍș-
ȚțȗȕȖȑ ȚȈȑȕȖȑ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȈȞȐȐ ©ǽȊȈȍȝȖȑª — ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȖȕȕȖȋȖ ©ǹȖȦȏȈ Ȗȋȕȧª ǷȖș-
ȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȋȖȌȣ ȗȘȖȎȐȊȈȓ Ȋ DzȐȚȈȍ Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌȍ DzȈȕȚȖȕȍ Dz ȗȖȝȖȘȖȕȈȔ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘȈ
ǰ-ȊȈȕȈ ȖȎȐȌȈȍȚșȧ ș ȗȈȘȚȐȍȑ ȈȋȐȚȈȚȖȘȖȊ Ȋ ǹȍțȓȍ
ǸȧȉȖȑ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȏȓȖȘȈȌȕȖ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ
— ǫȖȊȖȘȐ ȚȖȓȒȖȔ ȒȚȖ ȗȘȐȉȣȓ ș ȚȖȉȖȑ Ȑȏ DzȈȕȚȖȕȈ"
ǿȖȕ ȏȈțȓȣȉȈȓșȧ ȎȈȓȒȖȑ ȘȈȉșȒȖȑ țȓȣȉȒȖȑ ȗȖȔȧȓșȧ Ȑ ȘȖȉȒȖ ȊȣȔȖȓȊȐȓ
— dzȦȉȍȏȕȣȑ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ ȧ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ǿȖȕ ǿț-ȟȣȕ ȕȖ ȘȖȌȖȔ ȕȍ Ȑȏ ȇȕ-
ȇȕȈ Ȉ Ȑȏ ǿȎȐȕ-ȟț ȖȚȒțȌȈ Ȑ ȗȘȐȉȣȓ ȅȚȖ ȖȠȐȉȒȈ ȓȦȉȍȏ
ǸȧȉȖȑ ȊșȒȖȟȐȓ Ȑ ȕȈȖȚȔȈȠȤ ȘȍȉȘȖȔ ȓȈȌȖȕȐ țȌȈȘȐȓ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ ȗȖ ȓȐȞț
— ǫȖȊȖȘȐ ȘȈȏȉȖȑȕȐȒ ȒȚȖ ȗȘȐȉȣȓ ș ȚȖȉȖȑ Ȑȏ DzȈȕȚȖȕȈ șȚȈȘȈȧ ȒȘȣșȈ"
— dzȦȉȍȏȕȣȑ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ ȇ — ǿȖȕ ǿț-ȟȣȕ ȘȖȌȖȔ ȥȚȖ ȖȠȐȉȒȈ ȓȦȉȍȏ
— ǵȈȒȈȓȐȚȤ ȎȍȓȍȏȖ Ǩ ȗȖȒȈ — ȒȈȔȣȠȖȊȣȝ Ȑȋȓ ȗȖȌ ȕȖȋȚȐ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȊșȗȖȔ-
ȕȐȓ ȖȚȒțȌȈ ȘȖȌȖȔ — ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȓ ȘȧȉȖȑ ȗȈȓȈȟȈȔ
*
ǪȚȖȘțȦ ȕȍȌȍȓȦ ȉȖȓȤȕȖȑ ǿȖȕ Ȋ ȒȈȔȍȘȍ ȚȦȘȤȔȣ
Ƕȕ ȕȍ ȗȖȔȕȐȚ ȗȣȚȖȒ ȟȖȕȕȖ ǵȖ ȕȈ Țȍȓȍ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ ȟȍȚȒȖ ȕȈȟȍȘȚȈȕȣ ȧȗȖȕșȒȐȍ
ȏȕȈȒȐ ǪȣȊȍȘȕțȚȣ șțșȚȈȊȣ Ȋșȍ ȚȍȓȖ Ȋ ȗȖȉȖȧȝ ȖȎȖȋȈȝ șșȈȌȐȕȈȝ
ǪȖȒȘțȋ ǿȖȕȈ ȚȈȒȐȍ Ȏȍ ȐȏțȘȖȌȖȊȈȕȕȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ ©ǹȍȊȍȘȕȖȋȖ ȊȍȚȘȈª ©ǹȖȦȏȈ Ȗȋ-
ȕȧª ©ǵȍȉȍșȕȖȋȖ ȗțȚȐª Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȖȕȕȣȝ ȚȈȑȕȣȝ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȈȞȐȑ...
DzȈȒ-ȚȖ șȚȈȘȐȒ țȏȕȈȓ ȖȚ șȖșȍȌȍȑ ȟȚȖ ȍȋȖ șȒȖȘȖ ȖșȊȖȉȖȌȧȚ ȍȋȖ șȔȍȠȈȓȐ ș ȌȘț-
ȋȐȔ ǿȖȕ ǿț-ȟȣȕȖȔ ȕȣȕȍ ȗȖȑȔȈȕȕȣȔ ȧȗȖȕȞȈȔȐ
ǰ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȘȈȏ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȓȈșȤ ȌȊȍȘȤ ǿȖȕ ȎȌȈȓ ȊȖȚ-ȊȖȚ ȊȖȑȌțȚ ȚȦȘȍȔ-
ȡȐȒȐ Ȑ ȖȚȗțșȚȧȚ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȊȖȓȦ ǺȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ țȑȌȍȚ ȕȈȊșȍȋȌȈ Ȋ șȊȖȦ ȌȈȓȍȒțȦ ȔȈ-
ȏȈȕȒț — Ȋ ǿȎȐȕ-ǿț ȟȚȖȉȣ țȔȍȘȍȚȤ ȕȈ ȘȖȌȕȖȑ ȏȍȔȓȍ
ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȧȧ ȔȍȟȚȈ ǿȖȕȈ — ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȚȤ ȊȕțȒȈ ȇȒ-șț — ȘțȠȐȓȈșȤ
ǷȘȖȠȍȓ țȎȍ ȔȍșȧȞ Ȑ ǿȖȕț ȖȉȢȧȊȐȓȐ Ȗȉ ȖȠȐȉȒȍ ȗȈȓȈȟȍȑ
— ǯȈȊȚȘȈ Țȣ ȉțȌȍȠȤ ȖșȊȖȉȖȎȌȍȕ șȚȈȘȐȒ ǺȊȖȑ ȖȌȕȖȜȈȔȐȓȍȞ ȕȈȑȌȍȕ Ȑ țȎȍ
ȘȈșȗȘȖȡȈȓșȧ ș ȥȚȖȑ ȏȍȔȓȍȑ Ȍȓȧ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȕȍȉȍșȕȖȋȖ ȗțȚȐ — șȒȈȏȈȓ șȚȈȘ-
ȠȐȑ ȚȦȘȍȔȡȐȒ — Ȉ ȗȖȒȈ ȐȌȐ ȗȖȘȈȉȖȚȈȑ ȏȈ ȌȈȘȖȊȖȑ ȝȓȍȉ
ǰ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ ȒȈȒ ȉȍȏȖȗȈșȕȖȋȖ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖȋȖ aȘȍșȚȈȕȚȈ ȗȖȊȍȓȐ ȕȈ țȉȖȘȒț Ȋ ȚȦ-
ȘȍȔȕȣȑ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚ ȗȣȚȖȒ
ǿȖȕ ș țȎȈșȖȔ ȊȖȠȍȓ Ȋ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȍ ȗȖȔȍȡȍȕȐȍ ǭȔț ȌȈȓȐ ȊȖȌț Ȑ ȚȘȧȗȒț șȔȣ-

ȊȈȚȤ ș ȗȖȓȖȊ Ȑ șȚȍȕ ȒȘȖȊȤ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȤȦ
Ǩ Ȓ ȊȍȟȍȘț șȚȈȘȐȒȈ ȗȖȊȍȓȐ ȊȖ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȐȑ ȌȊȖȘ ȚȦȘȤȔȣ ȗȖȌȔȍșȚȐ ȍȋȖ
ǿȖȕ ȉȈȔȉțȒȖȊȖȑ ȔȍȚȓȖȑ Ȕȍȓ ȗȘȖșȚȖȘȕȣȑ ȚȦȘȍȔȕȣȑ ȌȊȖȘ ȏȈȓȐȚȣȑ șȖȟ-
ȕȣȔ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐȔ șȊȍȚȖȔ
Ǫ țȋȓț ȒȖȗȖȠȐȓȐșȤ ȚȦȘȍȔȡȐȒȐ ș ȔȍȠȒȈȔȐ
ǿȖȕ ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȓ — Ȋ ȒȖȎȈȕȖȔ ȔȍȠȒȍ ȚțȋȖ șȚȧȕțȚȖȔ ȠȕțȘȈȔȐ ȉȐȓȖșȤ ȎȐȊȖȍ
șțȡȍșȚȊȖ
ǺȦȘȍȔȡȐȒȐ ȗȖȌȊȍșȐȓȐ ȕȈ ȗȖȗȍȘȍȟȕțȦ ȉȈȓȒț ȔȍȠȖȒ ȗȘȐȕȍșȓȐ ȊȖȌț Ȑ ȗȘȐ-
ȕȧȓȐșȤ ȖȉȓȐȊȈȚȤ ȔȍȠȖȒ ȊȖȌȖȑ
DzȖȎȈȕȣȍ șȚȍȕȒȐ ȔȍȠȒȈ ȖȉȓȐȚȣȍ ȊȖȌȖȑ șȚȈȓȐ ȉȣșȚȘȖ șȢȍȎȐȊȈȚȤșȧ șȚȧ-
ȋȐȊȈȚȤșȧ ȔȖȘȡȐȕȐȚȤșȧ Ȑ Ȑȏ ȔȍȠȒȈ șȓȣȠȈȓșȧ ȕȍȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȑ șȌȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȑ
ȒȘȐȒ-ȝȘȐȗ
ǪȌȘțȋ Ȋ ȔȍȠȒȍ șȔȖȓȒȓȖ
— ǷȘȐȊȍșȚȐ ȍȋȖ Ȋ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȍ — ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ șȚȈȘȠȐȑ
ǺȦȘȍȔȡȐȒȐ ȘȈșȠȕțȘȖȊȈȓȐ șȓȍȋȒȈ ȔȍȠȖȒ Ȑ ȔȍȚȈȓȓȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȗȈȓȒȐ ș ȖșȚ-
ȘȣȔȐ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȟȕȐȒȈȔȐ ȏȈȠȈȘȐȓȐ ȒțȌȈ ȗȖȗȈȓȖ Ȋ Țȍȓȍ ȎȍȘȚȊȣ
ǵȖ Ȋ ȔȍȠȒȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȚȐȝȖ
— ǪȣȊȈȓȐȊȈȑ ȗȘȖȟȤ ȥȚț ȗȈȌȈȓȤ! — ȖȗȧȚȤ șȒȖȔȈȕȌȖȊȈȓ șȚȈȘȠȐȑ
DzȈȒ ȚțȠȈ ȊȣȗȈȓȖ ȚȍȓȖ ȕȈȏȍȔȤ Ȑ ȊȌȘțȋ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȖȎȐȓȖ ȕȈ ȔȐȋ Ȑ șȒȊȖȏȤ ȝȘȐȗ
ȊȣȘȊȈȓȐșȤ ȒȘȐȒȐ
— Ǵȣ-șȣ Ǵȣ-șȣ Ǵȣ-șȣ
ǿȖȐ ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȓ Ǵȣ-șȣ — ȐȔȧ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȑ Ȏȍȕȣ ȍȋȖ șȣȕȈ ȔȈȚȍȘȐ ȇȒ-șț
ǰ șȚȈȘȐȒ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȒȘȐȒȈ
ǸȈȏȌțȚȖȍ ȖȒȘȖȊȈȊȓȍȕȕȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ ȊȐșȧȡȐȍ ȒȓȖȟȤȧ ȔȧșȈ ȊȣȘȊȈȕȕȣȑ ȐșȚȍȒȈȦ-
ȡȐȑ ȋȓȈȏ șȍȌȣȍ ȒȓȖȟȤȧ ȊȖȓȖș — ȕȍ șȒȘȣȓȐ ȕȍȏȈȉȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȟȍȘȚ Ȑ ȠȘȈȔȖȊ ȕȈ ȓȉț
Ȑ ȡȍȒȈȝ ȇȒ-șț — ǿȖȕ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓ ȊȕțȒȈ
ǹȚȈȘȐȒ ȉȍȏ ȗȈȔȧȚȐ ȋȘȖȝȕțȓșȧ ȕȈ ȉȍȏȌȣȝȈȕȕȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ ȏȈȔțȟȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȘȍȊȖȓȦ-
ȞȐȖȕȍȘȈ
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ǻȚȘȖȔ ȟțȚȤ șȊȍȚ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ ȊȣȋȕȈȓȐ Ȑȏ ȚȦȘȤȔȣ
ǷȍȘȊȈȧ ȜȐȋțȘȈ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȊȠȈȧșȧ ȕȈ ȉȍȏȓȦȌȕȖȑ țȓȐȞȍ ȉȣȓ ȧȗȖȕșȒȐȑ ȗȖȓȐș-
Ȕȍȕ
ǷȖȌȖȑȌȧ Ȓ ȗȖȓȐșȔȍȕț ǿȖȕ țȗȈȓ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȐ Ȓ ȍȋȖ ȕȖȋȈȔ ȏȈțȓȣȉȈȓșȧ ȘȈȉ-
șȒȖȑ ȎȈȓȒȖȑ țȓȣȉȒȖȑ Ȑ ȊȣȕțȊ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȗȈȏțȝȐ ȒȈȏȍȕȕțȦ ȉțȔȈȋț ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȌȈȓȐ
ȍȔț Ȋ ȚȦȘȤȔȍ ȗȘȐ ȖșȊȖȉȖȎȌȍȕȐȐ ȘȈȉȖȓȍȗȕȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș
— dzȦȉȍȏȕȣȑ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ ȗȖȓȐȞȍȑșȒȐȑ ȘȈȏȘȍȠȐȚȍ ȊȣȚȍȘȍȚȤ șȚȍȕȣ Ȑ ȗȖȓȣ ȊȈ-
ȠȍȋȖ ȔțȕȌȐȘȈ ȕȈ ȕȐȝ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȔȕȖ-ȖȋȖ ȒȘȖȊȐ
ǿȖȕ ǿț-ȟȣȕ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓ ȘȈșșțȌȖȒ

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ʙʟʏʠʜʪʘ ʞʚʏʡ ʙʗʡʏʮʜʙʗ
ʙˋ˕˃ˌ˔ˍ˃ˢ ˄˞ˎ˟
ǻ ǺȐȋȘȖȊȣȝ ȊȖȘȖȚ ȕȈ ȓȖȉȕȖȔ ȔȍșȚȍ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȐ ȚȘȍȚȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ ț ȗȖȏȖȘȕȖȋȖ șȚȖȓ-
ȉȈ — ȒȐȚȈȧȕȒȈ Ǫȣ-Ȑ
ǺȘȍȚȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ — ȟȚȖȉȣ ȊȍșȤ ȕȈȘȖȌ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȗȖȏȖȘ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȑ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȕȐȞȣ ȈȚ-
ȈȔȈȕȠȐ ȝțȏȈ-Țț
 ȠȈȑȒȐ ȝțȕȝțȏȖȊ
ǵȖȋȐ ȏȈȔȒȕțȚȣ Ȋ ȌȍȘȍȊȧȕȕȣȍ ȒȖȓȖȌȒȐ ȕȈ Ƞȍȍ ȕȈ ȗȓȍȟȈȝ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȋȖȓȖȊț
ȊȌȍȚȣ ȚȖȎȍ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȍ ȌȖșȒȐ ǹȒȘțȟȍȕȕȣȍ ȘțȒȐ ȗȘȐȊȧȏȈȕȣ Ȓ șȚȖȓȉț ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖ
Ȕ ȕȈȟȍȘȚȈȕȖ
«“dzȍȚțȟȈȧ ȔȣȠȤ”,
ȉȣȊȠȈȧ ȠȊȍȑȒȈ Ǫȣ-Ȑ
ȝțȏȈ-Țț ȈȚȈȔȈȕȠȈ
 ȠȈȑȒȐ
ȝțȕȝțȏȖȊ
ȎȍȕȈ
ȒȈȏȕȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȕȐȒȈ —
ȝțȕȝțȏȈ Ǻȧȕ-ȠȐ-ȕȥ. ǷȖșȓȍ ȚȘȍȝ Ȍȕȍȑ
ȗȖȏȖȘȕȣȝ șȔȖȚȘȐȕ
ȊșȍȔ ȕȈȘȖȌȖȔ
ȉțȌȍȚ ȒȈȏȕȍȕȈ
ȕȈ șȍȔ ȔȍșȚȍ»
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ǵȐȎȍ — ȗȍȘȍȟȍȕȤ țȉȐȑșȚȊ ȗȖȌȎȖȋȖȊ ȕȈȓȍȚȖȊ ȖȋȘȈȉȓȍȕȐȑ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȑ Ȏȍȕ-
ȡȐȕȣ ǮȍȘȚȊȣ ȍȍ — ȗȖȟȚȐ Ȋșȍ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑȞȣ
Ǫȣ-Ȑ șȔȖȚȘȐȚ ȗțșȚȣȔȐ ȖșȚȍȒȓȍȕȍȊȠȐȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȊȕȐȏ ȚȖȟȕȖ șȒȊȖȏȤ ȏȍȔȓȦ,
Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ șȒȖȘȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ȏȈȘȣȚȈ DzȈȎȍȚșȧ ȍȑ ȉȍȏȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȚȊȖȘȐȚșȧ ȊȖȒȘțȋ
ȖȕȈ ȕȐȒȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȐȚ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ șȓȣȠȐȚ — ȖȕȈ ȗȖȋȘțȎȍȕȈ Ȋ șȈȔȖȍ șȍȉȧ
ǴȈȓȍȕȤȒȈȧ ȝȘțȗȒȈȧ ȒȐȚȈȧȕȒȈ — ȖȕȈ ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ ȗȖȝȖȎȈ ȕȈ țȉȐȑȞț — ȝțȏȈ-Țț Ȑ
ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ Ȑ ȒȖȓȖȌȒȐ Ȑ șȚȖȓȉ — ȚȍȈȚȘȈȓȤȕȈȧ ȉțȚȈȜȖȘȐȧ Ȑ ȐșȒțșȕȈȧ ȈȘȚȐșȚȒȈ
ȐȋȘȈȍȚ ȘȖȓȤ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȕȐȞȣ ȗȘȐȋȖȊȖȘȍȕȕȖȑ Ȓ șȔȍȘȚȐ
DzȈȒ Ȋ ȗȖȓțșȕȍ Ȋ ȗȖȚțșȒȕȍȊȠȍȔ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȐ Ǫȣ-Ȑ ȊȣșȚțȗȈȍȚ ȗȧȌȤ ȏȈ ȗȧȌȤȦ
Ȋșȧ ȗȘȖȎȐȚȈȧ ȎȍșȚȖȒȈȧ ȎȐȏȕȤ
Ǫȣ-Ȑ — ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȈȧ ȌȍȊȖȟȒȈ Ȋ ȖȚȘȍȗȤȧȝ ȉȘȖȌȐȚ ș ȔȈȚȍȘȤȦ ȗȖ ȘȖȌȕȖȔț ȗȖ-
ȉȍȘȍȎȤȦ ȗȖ ȎȐȓȣȔ ȘȍȟȕȣȔ ȠȈȓȈȕȌȈȔ ǰȋȓȣ ȗȖȕȈȚȣȒȈȕȣ ȕȈ șȐȕȍȑ ȒȖȜȚȍ șț-
ȘȖȊȣȍ ȕȐȚȒȐ ȗȖȕȈȊȍȠȈȕȣ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȗȓȍȟȖ ǹ ȘȈȕȕȍȋȖ ȌȍȚșȚȊȈ ȖȕȈ ȒȓȈȌȍȚ ȏȈȗȓȈȚȣ
ȕȈ ȘȊȈȕȣȍ ȖȌȍȎȌȣ ȒȘȍșȚȤȧȕ
ǰ Ǫȣ-Ȑ ș șȍȔȤȍȑ ȒȈȒ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȎȐȊȍȚ Ȋ ȗȓȖȊțȟȍȔ ȗȖȓȍ ȕȈ ȌȘȧȝȓȖȑ ȠȈ-
ȓȈȕȌȍ1 ȗȖȒȘȣȚȖȑ ȏȍȓȍȕȤȦ ȋȈȖȓȧȕȈ
1 ɋɝɭɳɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɦ Ʉɢɬɚɟ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɨɝɪɨɦɧɨɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɧɚɫɟ-

119
Ǫ ȉȍȌȕȖșȚȐ ȚȘțȌȍ ȓȐȠȍȕȐȧȝ Ȑ ȋȖȓȖȌȍ ȗȘȖȚȍȒȓȖ ȌȍȚșȚȊȖ Ǫȣ-Ȑ
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ șȚȈȓȈ ȕȍȊȍșȚȖȑ Ȋ ȚȘȐȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȓȍȚ Ǫȣ-Ȑ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȘȈȏ ȏȈ ȊșȦ
șȊȖȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȉȣȓȈ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ șȣȚȈ DzȈȒ ȕȍ ȗȖȔȕȐȚȤ ȥȚȖȚ ȌȍȕȤ ǩȣȓȖ șȍȌȤȔȖȍ ȟȐș-
ȓȖ șȍȌȤȔȖȑ ȓțȕȣ — ȗȘȈȏȌȕȐȒ ȗȘȧȓȣȞȐȞ1.
Ǫ șȖȓȕȍȟȕȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȊȏȖȠȍȓ ȕȈ ȠȈȓȈȕȌț ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ-ȦȎȈȕȐȕ Ȑ ȔȐȕțȧ
șȚȈȘȐȕȕȣȑ ȖȉȣȟȈȑ2 ȖȉȢȧȊȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȝȖȟȍȚ ȊȏȧȚȤ Ȋ Ȏȍȕȣ Ǫȣ-Ȑ
ǶȚȍȞ Ȑ ȔȈȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȊȒȖȗȈȕȕȣȍ ș ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȐȍȔ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ ȕȈ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȞȈ ǷȍȘȍ-
ȗțȋȈȕȕȈȧ ȌȍȊȖȟȒȈ ȏȈȉȐȓȈșȤ ȏȈ șȗȐȕț ȔȈȚȍȘȐ
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍțȌȍȘȎȐȔȣȑ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȣȑ șȔȍȝ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȋȖ ȗȘȐȠȍȓȤȞȈ ȊȣȊȍȓ șȚȈȘȐ-
ȒȖȊ Ȑȏ șȚȖȓȉȕȧȒȈ
ǰ Ȋ ȚȖȚ Ȏȍ ȌȍȕȤ ȏȈ ȉȖȋȈȚȣȔ ȕȍȉȣȊȈȓȣȔ ȖȉȍȌȖȔ ȘȖȌȐȚȍȓȐ ȗȘȖȌȈȓȐ Ǫȣ-Ȑ ȏȈ
ȗȧȚȤȌȍșȧȚ ȌȈȧȕȖȊ șȍȘȍȉȘȧȕȣȝ Șțȉȓȍȑ
 Ȋ Ȏȍȕȣ ȌȈȓȤȕȍȔț ȦȎȈȕȐȕț
ǰ Ǻȧȕ-ȠȐ-ȕȥ țȊȍȏ Ǫȣ-Ȑ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ Ȋ ȟțȎȖȑ ȋȖȘȖȌ
Ǫȣ-Ȑ ȚȖșȒȖȊȈȓȈ Ȗ ȘȖȌȕȖȑ ȗȓȖȊțȟȍȑ ȗȈȠȕȍ ǵȖ șȒȖȘȖ șȓȍȏȣ ȊȣșȖȝȓȐ ȕȈ ȋȓȈ-
ȏȈȝ ȌȍȊȖȟȒȐ-Ȏȍȕȣ ȖȕȈ ȊșȍȔ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȔ ȗȖȓȦȉȐȓȈ ȔțȎȈ ǺȧȕȈ Ȑ ȗȘȐȊȣȒȓȈ Ȓ ȕȍ-
ȔțǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȈ ȗȘȐȊȣȒȕțȚȤ ȘȍȟȕȈȧ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ Ȓ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȔ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚ-
ȕȣȔ ȌȍȓȈȔ ȔțȎȈ ț ǺȧȕȈ șȖȉȐȘȈȓȐșȤ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȓȦȌȐ ȠȍȗȚȈȓȐșȤ Ȗ ȒȈȒȐȝ-ȚȖ Ȋȍ-
ȡȈȝ Ȉ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȐȕȖșȐȓȐ Ȑ ȗȘȧȚȈȓȐ ȖȘțȎȐȍ ȉȖȔȉȣ
ǷȘȖȚȐȊ ȖȉȣȟȈȍȊ șȚȘȈȕȣ Ǻȧȕ ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ ȏȈȗȍȘ Ȏȍȕț ȖȚ ȓȦȌȍȑ Ȉ ȕȈȗȘȖȚȐȊ
ȘȈȏȘȍȠȈȓ ȍȑ ȝȖȌȐȚȤ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȗȖ ȋȖȘȖȌț Ȑ ȗȖ-ȗȘȍȎȕȍȔț ȠȊȍȑȕȐȟȈȚȤ ǰ ȌȈȎȍ șȖ-
ȊȍȚȖȊȈȓ Ǫȣ-Ȑ ȖȉȢȍȌȐȕȐȚȤ ȊȖȒȘțȋ șȍȉȧ Ȋșȍȝ ȋȖȘȖȌșȒȐȝ ȉȘȖȌȧȟȐȝ ȠȊȍȑ
ǰ ȊȕȖȊȤ Ȑȋȓȣ ȗȖȕȈȚȣȒȈȕȣ ȕȈ șȐȕȍȑ ȒȖȜȚȍ Ȑ șțȘȖȊȣȍ ȕȐȚȒȐ ȗȖȕȈȊȍȠȈȕȣ
ȟȍȘȍȏ ȗȓȍȟȖ
Ǫȣ-Ȑ ȗȖ ȗȘȐȔȍȘț ȋȖȘȖȌșȒȐȝ ȉȘȖȌȧȟȐȝ ȠȊȍȍȒ ȏȈȊȍȓȈ ȖșȖȉȣȑ ȎȍșȚȧȕȖȑ Ȑȕ-
șȚȘțȔȍȕȚ ȊȖȏȊȍȡȈȦȡȐȑ ȉȣșȚȘȣȔ ȕȖȎȕȐȟȕȣȔ ȓȧȏȋȖȔ Ȗ ȍȍ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȐȐ3 Ȑ șȓȐ-
ȓȈșȤ ș ȚȘțȌȖȊȖȑ ȠțȔȓȐȊȖȑ țȓȐȞȍȑ
ǶȕȈ țȎȍ ȏȕȈȓȈ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȚȖȊȈȘȖȒ ȗȖ ȘȍȔȍșȓț Ȑ ȕȈ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȝ ȕȈȠȍȗȚȣȊȈȓȈ ȐȔ
șȓȖȊȈȔȐ ȔțȎȈ Ȗ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖșȚȐ ȕȈȓȈȌȐȚȤ șȊȖȑ șȖȦȏ Ȑȋȓȣ Ȍȓȧ ȏȈȡȐȚȣ ȗȘȈȊ Ȑ
țȓțȟȠȍȕȐȧ ȎȐȏȕȐ
ǰ țȓȐȟȕȣȍ ȠȊȍȐ ȎȈȌȕȖ șȓțȠȈȓȐ ȕȖȊȣȍ șȓȖȊȈ
ɥɟɧɢɹ ɠɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɫɭɞɚɯ ɝɞɟ ɨɧɢ ɪɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɬ ɢ ɭɦɢɪɚɸɬ ɉɥɨɜɭɱɢɟ ɩɚɲɧɢ ɢɡ ɩɥɨ-
ɞɨɧɨɫɧɨɣ ɠɟɥɬɨɣ ɡɟɦɥɢ ɩɨɤɪɵɜɚɸɬ ɩɚɥɭɛɭ ɡɚɫɟɹɧɧɭɸ ɝɚɨɥɹɧɨɦ
1 ɍ ɤɢɬɚɣɰɟɜ ɟɫɬɶ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɪɚɡɞɧɢɤ — ɩɪɹɥɶɳɢɰ Ʌɟɝɟɧɞɚ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɨ ɛɨ-
ɝɢɧɟ ɑɠɢ-ɧɸɣ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɠɢɥɚ ɧɚ ɡɜɟɡɞɟ ȼɟɝɟ ɛɵɥɚ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɩɪɢɥɟɠɧɚ ɢ ɬɪɭɞɨɥɸɛɢɜɚ Ȼɨ-
ɝɢɧɹ ɜɵɲɥɚ ɡɚɦɭɠ ɡɚ ɩɚɫɬɭɯɚ ɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɚ ɡɜɟɡɞɟ ɩɨ ɬɭ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ Ɇɥɟɱ-
ɧɨɝɨ ɩɭɬɢ ɋɭɩɪɭɝɢ ɜɫɤɨɪɟ ɪɚɡɨɲɥɢɫɶ ɧɨ ɢ ɩɨɧɵɧɟ ɨɧɢ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɪɚɡ ɜ ɝɨɞɭ ɚ ɢɦɟɧ-
ɧɨ ɫɟɞɶɦɨɝɨ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɫɟɞɶɦɨɣ ɥɭɧɵ
2 ɉɨ ɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɨɦɭ ɨɛɵɱɚɸ ɠɟɧɢɯ ɢ ɧɟɜɟɫɬɚ ɧɟ ɡɧɚɸɬ ɞɪɭɝ ɞɪɭɝɚ ɩɨ ɞɟɧɶ ɫɜɚɞɶɛɵ
3 ɍ ɤɢɬɚɣɰɟɜ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɛɪɨɞɹɱɢɯ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɣ ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɶ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɢ ɢɦɟɟɬ
ɫɜɨɣ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɡɜɭɱɚɳɢɣ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬ ɢɥɢ ɦɟɥɨɞɢɸ ɜɵɤɪɢɤ

120
ǵȖ ȕȍȌȖȓȋȖ Ǫȣ-Ȑ ȌȖȊȍȓȖșȤ ȎȐȚȤ ȕȈ ȘȖȌȐȕȍ ǺȧȕȈ ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȕȖȟȤȦ șțȗȘț-
ȋȈȔ ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȉȍȎȈȚȤ ȊȊȍȘȝ ȗȖ ȘȍȒȍ Ȑȏ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ ǭȊȘȖȗȍȑȞȣ ȘȈșȒȘȣȓȐ ȚȈȑȕțȦ
ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȈȞȐȦ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȍȊ Ȑ ȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȓȐ ȖȚ ȔȍșȚȕȣȝ ȊȓȈșȚȍȑ ȘȖȏȣșȒȈ Ȑ ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕ-
ȕȖȑ ȊȣȌȈȟȐ ǺȧȕȈ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȌȘțȏȍȑ Ȋ Ȑȝ ȘțȒȐ
ǷȖȌ ȟțȎȐȔ ȐȔȍȕȍȔ ȉȍȋȓȍȞȣ ȗȘȐȉȣȓȐ Ȋ ǴȈȕȟȎțȘȐȦ dzȐȠȍȕȐȧ Ȑ șȒȐȚȈȕȐȧ
ȍȡȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ șȉȓȐȏȐȓȐ șțȗȘțȋȖȊ Ȑ ȐȔ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȉȣ ȎȐȚȤ ȌȘțȋ
ȉȍȏ ȌȘțȋȈ Ȑ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ Ȍȕȧ
ǰ șȕȖȊȈ Ǫȣ-Ȑ ȉȘȖȌȐȓȈ ș ȐȋȓȖȑ Ȑ ȕȐȚȧȔȐ ȗȖ ȖȒȘȈȐȕȈȔ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ Ȑ ȗȘȐȏȣȊȈȓȈ
ȉȘȖȌȧȟȐȝ ȠȊȍȑ ȖȉȢȍȌȐȕȐȚȤșȧ Ȋ șȖȦȏ
ǰ șȕȖȊȈ ț Ǻȧȕ-ȠȐ-ȕȥ șȖȉȐȘȈȓȐșȤ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȓȦȌȐ ȠȍȗȚȈȓȐșȤ Ȗ ȒȈȒȐȝ-ȚȖ Ȍȍ-
ȓȈȝ Ȉ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȐȕȖșȐȓȐ Ȑ ȗȘȧȚȈȓȐ ȖȘțȎȐȍ Ȑ ȉȖȔȉȣ
*
ǰ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ Ȋ șȍȌȤȔȖȑ ȌȍȕȤ șȍȌȤȔȖȑ ȓțȕȣ Ȋ ȗȘȈȏȌȕȐȒ ȗȘȧȓȤȡȐȞ ǵȈ
șțȕȋȈȘȐȑșȒȖȔ ȗȘȐȉȘȍȎȕȖȔ ȗțșȚȣȘȍ Ǫȣ-Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȏȈȒȖȕȟȐȓȈ ȗȖȌ ȊȐȌȖȔ
ȋțȓȧȕȒȐ ȗȍȘȊȖȍ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȈȞȐȖȕȕȖȍ șȖȉȘȈȕȐȍ ȉȘȖȌȧȟȐȝ ȠȊȍȍȒ Ȑ ȊȍȘȕțȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȜȈȕ-
ȏț ǪșȒȘȐȒȕțȓȈ ǻ ȌȊȍȘȐ — șȖȓȌȈȚ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȗȖȓȕȣȑ ȘȈȏȋȘȖȔ
Ǫșȍ ȗȖȕȧȚȕȖ ǺȧȕȈ ȊȏȧȓȐ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȘȍȌȈȚȤ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȣȔ ȉȍȓȣȔ ȌȤȧȊȖȓȈȔ-ȍȊȘȖ-
ȗȍȑȞȈȔ
Ǫȣ-Ȑ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȈ Ȑ ȟȈșȈ ȖșȚȈȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȖȗțșȚȖȠȍȕȕȖȔ ȋȕȍȏȌȍ ǻȠȓȈ Ȓ ȗȖȌȘț-
ȋȈȔ
ǬȈȎȍ Ȑ Ȓ ȚȦȘȍȔȕȣȔ ȊȖȘȖȚȈȔ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȗțșȒȈȓȐ ȒȐȚȈȧȕȒț
ǰ ȗȖȚȧȕțȓȐșȤ ȔțȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȌȕȐ
Ǫȣ-Ȑ ȧȘȒȖ ȗȖȔȕȐȚ ȒȘȈșȕȣȑ ȗȓȈȚ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȖȕȈ ȒȈȒ ǹț-ǮȖȓȈȕȤ1 ȊȣȠȐ-
ȓȈ Ȋ Țȍ ȌȕȐ șȓȖȊȈ ȒȓȧȚȊȣ ȖȚȖȔșȚȐȚȤ ȏȈ Ǻȧȕ-ȠȐ-ȕȥ ȍșȓȐ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȣȍ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑȞȣ
ȗȖȚȘȍȉțȦȚ ȍȋȖ șȔȍȘȚȐ
ǰ ȒȖȕȟȐȓȈ ȗȓȈȚ ȓȐȠȤ Ȋ ȚȖȚ ȌȍȕȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȖ țȓȐȞȈȔ ș ȉȈȘȈȉȈȕȕȣȔ ȉȖȍȔ ȕȈ ȚȘȧ-
șțȟȍȑ Țȍȓȍȋȍ ȗȖȊȍȏȓȐ șȒȘțȟȍȕȕȖȋȖ ǺȧȕȈ ȕȈ ȥȚț Ȏȍ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȤ ț ǺȐȋȘȖȊȣȝ ȊȖȘȖȚ
— ȕȈ șȔȍȘȚȕțȦ ȒȈȏȕȤ
*
ǷȍȘȍȌ șȈȔȖȑ ȒȈȏȕȤȦ ȕȈȌ ȚȖȓȗȖȑ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȓȐȞȈ ȗȘȐȋȖȊȖȘȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȕȈ
1 ɋɭ-ɀɨɥɚɧɶ — ɠɟɧɚ ɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɟɪɨɹ Ⱦɨɭ-Ɍɨɭ ɫɨɫɥɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɜ ɛɟɫɩɥɨɞɧɭɸ ɦɨɧɝɨɥɶ-
ɫɤɭɸ ɩɭɫɬɵɧɸ Ɍɨɫɤɭɹ ɩɨ ɦɭɠɟ ɨɧɚ ɜɵɬɤɚɥɚ ɫɬɢɯɢ ɫ ɠɚɥɨɛɨɣ ɧɚ ɫɭɞɶɛɭ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɚɥɚ
ɢɯ ɦɭɠɭ

121
ȌȓȐȕȕȖȔ ȠȍșȚȍ ȊȌȘțȋ ȊȏȊȐȓșȧ ȒȘȈșȕȣȑ ȗȓȈȚ
Ǻȧȕ ȏȈțȓȣȉȈȓșȧ Ȑ ȏȈȔȖȚȈȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ Ȋ ȏȕȈȒ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȊȐȌȐȚ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȗȘȐ-
ȊȍȚ Ȑ ȒȓȧȚȊț Ǫȣ-Ȑ
ǵȈȗȘȈșȕȖ șȕȖȊȈȓȐ ȟȎȈȕȞȏȖȓȐȕȖȊșȒȐȍ șȖȓȌȈȚȣ Ȋ ȋțșȚȖȑ ȚȖȓȗȍ DzȘȈșȕȣȑ
ȗȓȈȚ ȊȔȐȋ ȕȣȘȕțȓ ȏȈ ȗȈȏțȝț ȖȌȕȖȑ Ȑȏ ȠȊȍȑ — ȗȖȌȘțȋȐ Ǫȣ-Ȑ
Ǫȣ-Ȑ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȈ ȔȍșȚȍ ȒȈȏȕȐ — ȖȕȈ ȉȍȏ ȟțȊșȚȊ ȓȍȎȈȓȈ Ȋ ȜȈȕȏȍ ȗȖȌȘțȋ
*
Ǫ Țț Ȏȍ ȕȖȟȤ Ǫȣ-Ȑ șȉȘȖșȐȓȈ ȉȈȉȤȐ ȚȘȧȗȒȐ ȕȈȌȍȓȈ ȕȈȘȧȌȣ ȔțȎȈ Ȑ ȐșȟȍȏȓȈ
Ȑȏ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ ǵȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȏȈȝȊȈȚȐȓȈ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ș șȖȉȖȑ ǬȈȎȍ ȌȖȘȖȋȖȑ ȗȓȈȚ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ
ț ȚȖȊȈȘȖȒ-ȠȊȍȑ
Ǩ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ǬȈȓȤȠȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȓȍȚ ȘȈșȒȈȚȣȊȈȓȈșȤ ȗȖ ȊșȍȔț dzțȕ-Ȟȏȧȕ-șȧȕț
ȋȘȖȔȖȊȈȧ șȓȈȊȈ ©dzȍȚțȟȍȑ ǴȣȠȐª ȝțȏȈ-Țț ȕȍțȓȖȊȐȔȖȑ Ǫȣ-Ȑ ǪȖ Ȋșȍȝ șȍȓȍȕȤȧȝ
Ȑ ȋȖȘȖȌȈȝ ț ȕȍȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȚȈȑȕȣȍ șȚȖȘȖȕȕȐȒȐ Ȑ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒȐ ǪȍȌȤ Ǫȣ-Ȑ ȗȖȟȚȐ Ȋșȍ
ȕȈȋȘȈȉȓȍȕȕȖȍ ȖȚȌȈȊȈȓȈ ȉȍȌȕȖȚȍ Ȑ ȕȍ țȉȐȊȈȓȈ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȍȊ
ǵȍșȔȍȚȕȣȍ ȓȍȋȍȕȌȣ ȝȖȌȧȚ Ȗ ȡȍȌȘȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȗȖȌȊȐȋȈȝ Ǫȣ-Ȑ Ȑ ȊȗȓȖȚȤ ȌȖ ȗȓȖȊț-
ȟȐȝ ȗȈȠȍȕ ȌȖȒȈȚȐȓȈșȤ șȓȈȊȈ Ȗ ©dzȍȚțȟȍȑ ǴȣȠȐª — ȘȍȟȕȖȑ ȠȊȍȍ
ǵȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȕȍȑ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȖȚ șȖȓȌȈȚ ȉȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȔ ȖȉȢȍȌȐȕȍȕȕȖȔ
ȉȖȦ ș ȠȈȑȒȖȑ ȝțȕȝțȏȖȊ ȐȏțȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȈȚȈȔȈȕȠȐ ȀȈȑȒȈ șȒȘȣȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ
ȖȌȕȈ Ǫȣ-Ȑ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȖȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȗȓȍȕț
ǫȖȊȖȘȧȚ ȟȚȖ Ȋ șȈȔȣȑ ȖȗȈșȕȣȑ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȟȚȖȉȣ șȗȈșȚȐ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȍȑ Ǫȣ-Ȑ ȉȘȖ-
șȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț Ȑ țȊȓȍȒȓȈ șȖȓȌȈȚ ȏȈ șȖȉȖȑ
*
ǶȚȍȒȈȦȚ șȒȘțȟȍȕȕȣȍ ȕȈȏȈȌ ȘțȒȐ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȑ ȗȖȚ ȊȗȍȘȍȉȖȑ ș ȋȖȘȧȟȍȑ ȐșȗȈ-
ȘȐȕȖȑ ȊȣșȚțȗȈȍȚ ȕȈ ȐȏȕțȘȍȕȕȖȔ Țȍȓȍ
Ǫ ȒȖȠȔȈȘȕȖȑ ȗȖȓțȌȘȍȔȍ Ǫȣ-Ȑ ȋȘȍȏȐȚșȧ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȓȍȉȍȌȐȕȣȑ ȉȖȑ
Ǫȣ-Ȑ ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȓȈ ǪșȒȐȕțȓȈ ȋȖȓȖȊț ǵȍ șȖȕ ȓȐ ȥȚȖ"
ǹȖ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ǺȐȋȘȖȊȣȝ ȊȖȘȖȚ ȗȘȧȔȖ ȕȈ ȕȍȍ șȍȔȍȕȧ țȘȖȌȓȐȊȣȔȐ ȕȖȎȒȈȔȐ
Ȋ șȐȕȐȝ ȖȚȘȍȗȤȧȝ ȕȍșȓȈșȤ ȚȖȓȗȈ ȉȘȖȌȧȟȐȝ ȠȊȍȍȒ
ǪȗȍȘȍȌȐ ȕȈ ȌȓȐȕȕȖȔ ȠȍșȚȍ ȘȈȏȊȍȊȈȓșȧ ȒȘȈșȕȣȑ ȗȓȈȚ ș ȕȈȟȍȘȚȈȕȕȖȑ ȍȍ Șț-
ȒȖȑ ȖșțȡȍșȚȊȓȍȕȕȖȑ ȒȓȧȚȊȖȑ
ǪȕȐȏț ȕȈ ȗȓȈȚȍ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȘțȒȖȑ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȣȚȒȈȕȖ
ǰ Ȕȣ ȒȓȧȕȍȔșȧ
ȚȊȖȍȦ ȒȓȧȚȊȖȑ
ǹȖȦȏȉȘȖȌȧȟȐȝ ȠȊȍȑ

ǺȖȓȤȒȖ țșȗȍȓȈ ȗȘȖȟȍșȚȤ — Ȑ Ȋșȍ șȔȍȠȈȓȖșȤ ǶȚȘȧȌ ȟȎȈȕȞȏȖȓȐȕȖȊșȒȐȝ șȖȓ-
ȌȈȚ ȘȈșȚȖȗȚȈȓ ȌȍȔȖȕșȚȘȈȞȐȦ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ
ǰ Ȋ șțȚȖȓȖȒȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȌȕȈ ȠȊȍȧ — ǴȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ — Ȋ țȗȖȘ ȌȖȉȍȎȈȓȈ ȌȖ Ǫȣ-Ȑ
Ǫ ȍȍ ȘțȒȈȝ ȉȓȍșȕțȓȈ ȗȖȓȖșȒȈ șȚȈȓȐ Ǫȣ-Ȑ ȗȖȕȧȓȈ ȍȍ ȖșȊȖȉȖȌȧȚ ȖȚ ȗȖȏȖȘȈ Ȑ
ȗȈȓȈȟȈ ǹȓȍȋȒȈ ȒȐȊȕțȓȈ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ Ȑ ȕȈ ȓȐȞȍ ȍȍ ȏȈȐȋȘȈȓȈ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊțȦȡȈȧ țȓȣȉ-
ȒȈ ǴȐȋ Ȑ țȌȈȘ Ȋ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȘȈșșȍȧȓ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȦȦ țȓȣȉȒț Ǫȣ-Ȑ

Ǿdzȅǻȉdz ǹȌDzǶ
ǽȜȐȓȟȠȪ Ȓșȭ ȒȓȠȓȗ Ȗȕ ȏȩȠȎ
ȟȜȐȞȓȚȓțțȜȑȜ ǸȖȠȎȭ

126
ǵǨ ǫǶdzǻǩǶDZ ǸǭDzǭ
dzȖȌȒȈ Dzț Ȇȕ-șțȕȈ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȕȖȟȓȍȋ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏ ț ȏȍȓȍȕȖȋȖ ȖșȚȘȖȊȒȈ ȖȒȖ-
ȓȖ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ ǿȎȍȕȤ-ǾȏȧȕȈ
ǹ ȓȖȌȒȐ ȎȈȌȕȖ șȔȖȚȘȧȚ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȍȕȒȐ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȋȖ Dzț-ǹȧȖ șȣȕȈ Dzț Ȇȕ-
șțȕȈ
ǵȈ ȘȍȒȍ ȚȈȒ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȘȈȏȊȓȍȟȍȕȐȑ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȖ Ȍȓȧ Dzț-ǹȧȖ
ǪȖȚ ȉȣșȚȘȣȔȐ șȚȈȑȒȈȔȐ ȗȘȖȕȖșȧȚșȧ ȘȈșȚȖȘȖȗȕȣȍ ȌȎȖȕȒȐ — ȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ ȗȈ-
Șțșȕȣȍ ȓȖȌȒȐ ǵȈ ȕȖșȈȝ ț ȕȐȝ ȊȣșȚțȗȈȦȚ ȊȣȘȍȏȈȕȕȣȍ Ȑȏ ȌȍȘȍȊȈ ȌȊȈ ȘȣȉȤȐȝ ȋȓȈ-
ȏȈ ǹȧȖ șȓȣȠȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȐ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȕțȎȕȣ ȓȖȌȒȈȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȕȐ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȤ
Ǩ ȊȖȚ ȗȘȖȗȓȣȓȈ ȗȖȟȚȖȊȈȧ ȓȖȌȒȈ ǷȐșȤȔȈ ȊȓȖȎȍȕȕȣȍ Ȋ ȕȍȗȘȖȔȖȒȈȍȔȣȍ șțȔ-
ȒȐ ȗȘȐȊȧȏȈȕȣ Ȓ ȊȍșȓȈȔ ǪȍșȓȈ — ȒȈȒ șȗȈșȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȒȘțȋȐ ȍșȓȐ Ȑ ȘȈȏȖȉȤȍȚșȧ Ȋ
ȉțȘȦ ȓȖȌȒȈ — ȖȕȐ țȞȍȓȍȦȚ ȊșȗȓȣȊțȚ Ȑ Ȑȝ ȗȖȌȉȍȘțȚ
ȀȔȣȋȈȦȚ ȚțȌȈ-șȦȌȈ ȖȚ ȉȍȘȍȋȈ Ȓ ȉȍȘȍȋț ȕȍțȋȖȔȖȕȕȣȍ ȊȍȘȚȓȧȊȣȍ ȓȖȌȖȟȒȐ-
ȠȈȔȗțȕȒȐ ǵȈ ȒȈȎȌȖȑ ȠȈȔȗțȕȒȍ ȗȖ ȖȌȕȖȔț Ȋȍșȓț ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȗȘȐȒȘȍȗȓȍȕȖ Ȓ
ȓȖȌȒȍ șȏȈȌȐ ȒȈȒ ȝȊȖșȚ ț Șȣȉȣ Ǫ ȥȚȐȝ ȓȖȌȖȟȒȈȝ ȎȐȊțȚ Șȍȟȕȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ ȉȍȌȕȧȒȐ
ț ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȕȍȚ ȕȐ ȏȍȔȓȐ ȕȐ ȌȖȔȈ ǶȕȐ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȦȚ ȍȌȧȚ șȗȧȚ Ȋ ȓȖȌȒȈȝ DzȈȒ ȒȘȍ-
șȚȤȧȕȍ ȗȐȚȈȦȚșȧ ȚȍȔ ȟȚȖ ȌȈȍȚ ȐȔ ȏȍȔȓȧ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȥȚȐ ȓȦȌȐ ȗȐȚȈȦȚșȧ ȚȍȔ ȟȚȖ ȌȈȍȚ
ȐȔ ȊȖȌȈ
ǹȧȖ ȘȖȌȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȚȈȒȖȑ Ȏȍ ȓȖȌȒȍ-ȠȈȔȗțȕȒȍ ǻ ȕȍȋȖ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ț Ȋșȍȝ Șȍȟȕȣȝ ȓȦ-
Ȍȍȑ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȘȖȌȐȕȣ ǸȖȌȐȕȈ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȋȖ ȊȍȏȌȍ ȋȌȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ țȔȍșȚȐȚȤșȧ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȈȧ
ȗȓȖȊțȟȈȧ ȜȈȕȏȈ — ȐȏȉȈ-ȓȖȌȒȈ
Ǫ ȓȖȌȒȍ Dzț Ȇȕ-șțȕȈ ȎȐȊȍȚ șȍȔȤ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ șȈȔ Dzț Ȇȕ-șțȕ ȖȚȍȞ ȍȋȖ — șȚȈȘȐȒ
Dzț dzȧȖ-Ȑȕ ȎȍȕȈ Dzț Ȇȕ-șțȕȈ — Dzț ǵȦȑ-ȓȧ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȌȍȚȐ ȊȖșȍȔȕȈȌȞȈȚȐȓȍȚȕȐȑ
șȣȕ Dzț-Ȍȏȣ ȠȍșȚȕȈȌȞȈȚȐȓȍȚȕȧȧ ȌȖȟȤ Dzț-ǵȧ ȚȘȐȕȈȌȞȈȚȐȓȍȚȕȐȑ șȣȕ Dzț ǹȐȕ-
Ȍȏȣ Ȑ șȈȔȣȑ ȔȓȈȌȠȐȑ — Dzț-ǹȧȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț ȊșȍȋȖ-ȚȖ șȍȔȤ ȓȍȚ

127
Dzț-ǹȧȖ ȗȖȔȕȐȚ — ȍȔț ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȍȌȈȊȕȖ — ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ ȒȘȖ-
Ƞȍȟȕȣȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ-ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȓ ȝȖȌȐȚȤ ȗȖ ȕȍȘȖȊȕȣȔ ȌȖșȒȈȔ ȓȖȌȒȐ ǴȈȚȤ ȚȖ-
ȋȌȈ ȗȘȐȊȧȏȣȊȈȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȖȌȕȐȔ ȒȖȕȞȖȔ ȊȍȘȍȊȒȐ ȏȈ ȕȖȋț ȌȘțȋȖȑ Ȏȍ ȒȖȕȍȞ ȉȣȓ ȗȘȐ-
ȒȘȍȗȓȍȕ Ȓ ȉȖȘȚț ȓȖȌȒȐ ǵȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȏ Dzț-ǹȧȖ ȊȣȊȈȓȐȊȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȊȖȌț Ȑ ȊșȍȋȌȈ
ȍȋȖ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȊȚȈșȒȐȊȈȓȐ Ȋ ȓȖȌȒț ȏȈ ȥȚț ȊȍȘȍȊȒț
ǺȍȗȍȘȤ Dzț-ǹȧȖ șȈȔȖșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȌȊȐȋȈȍȚșȧ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖ ȓȖȌȒȍ ȕȖ Ȑ ȕȈ ȊȖȌȍ
Ƕȕ ȗȓȈȊȈȍȚ Ȑ ȕȣȘȧȍȚ ȒȈȒ ȘȣȉȈ
ǰȕȖȋȌȈ șȓțȟȈȍȚșȧ șȍȔȤȍ ȉȣȊȈȚȤ Ȋ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȝ ȋȖȘȖȌȈȝ ȋȌȍ șȚȖȧȚ ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕȕȣȍ
ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȣ ǩȍȓȣȍ ȔȈȚȘȖșȣ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑȞȣ Ȑ ȈȔȍȘȐȒȈȕȞȣ ȏȈȉȈȊȓȧȧșȤ ȉȘȖșȈȦȚ ȔȍȌ-
ȕȣȍ ȔȖȕȍȚȒȐ Ȋ ȊȖȌț Ȑ ǹȧȖ ș ȊȈȚȈȋȖȑ ȚȈȒȐȝ Ȏȍ ȘȍȉȧȚ ș ȓȖȌȖȒ ȕȣȘȧȍȚ Ȋ ȊȖȌț
ȗȖȌ șȈȔȣȑ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌ Ȑ ȕȍȘȍȌȒȖ șȖ ȌȕȈ ȘȍȒȐ ȌȖșȚȈȍȚ ȖȌȕț Ȑȏ ȉȘȖȠȍȕȕȣȝ ȔȖȕȍȚ
ǮȈȌȕȖ șȔȖȚȘȐȚ Dzț-ǹȧȖ ȕȈ ȗȚȐȞ ț ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ Ȋ ȒȓȦȊȈȝ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ ȒțșȒȐ Șȣ-
ȉȣ ǹ țȚȘȈ Ȋ ȓȖȌȒȍ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȍȓ ǷȘȖȒȓȧȚȣȑ ȚȈȑȜțȕ — șȐȓȤȕȣȑ ȊȍȚȍȘ —
șȖȘȊȈȓ ȕȖȟȤȦ ș ȓȖȌȒȐ ȘȣȉȖȓȖȊȕțȦ șȍȚȤ Ȑ țȕȍș ȍȍ ǵȍȟȍȔ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȓȖȊȐȚȤ Șȣȉț
ǰ Ȋșȍ ȏȈȗȈșȣ ȗȐȡȐ șȢȍȌȍȕȣ
ǪȌȘțȋ ǹȧȖ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖ ȊșȒȘȐȒȕțȓ șȖ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȏȍȓȍȕȖȋȖ ȖșȚȘȖȊȒȈ ȖȋȐȉȈȧ ȕȍ-
ȘȖȊȕȣȑ ȉȍȘȍȋ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȈȧ ȠȈȔȗțȕȒȈ ș ȏȖȓȖȟȍȕȣȔȐ ȘȣȉȤȐȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈ-
ȔȐ ȕȈ ȕȖșț ǺȈȒ Ȑ ȍșȚȤ ț ȒȖȘȔȣ șȚȖȧȓ ȊȖȘȖȟȈȧ ș ȉȖȒț ȕȈ ȉȖȒ ȊȍșȓȖȔ ȒȖȘȧȊȣȑ
ǪȈȕ-Ǫȍȑ șȚȈȘȣȑ ȌȘțȋ șȍȔȤȐ Dzț Ȇȕ-șțȕȖȊ
Dzț Ȇȕ-șțȕ ȖȚȖȘȊȈȓșȧ ȖȚ țȌȖȟȒȐ ǵȈ ȍȋȖ ȔȘȈȟȕȖȔ ȓȐȞȍ ȏȈȐȋȘȈȓȈ țȓȣȉȒȈ Ȗȕ
ȏȈȉȣȓ Ȗ ȕțȎȌȍ Ȑ ȋȖȓȖȌȍ ȗȘȐ ȊȐȌȍ șȚȈȘȖȋȖ ȌȘțȋȈ ș ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȕȍ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȓșȧ ȉȖȓȤ-
Ƞȍ ȋȖȌȈ
dzȖȌȒȐ șȚȖȓȒȕțȓȐșȤ ȉȖȘȚȈȔȐ ǪȈȕ-Ǫȍȑ ȕȍ ȗȖȒȐȌȈȧ șȊȖȍȑ ȠȈȔȗțȕȒȐ ȗȖȏȌȖ-
ȘȖȊȈȓșȧ ș ȌȘțȏȤȧȔȐ ȕȐȏȒȖ ȗȖȒȓȖȕȐȊȠȐșȤ ȊșȍȔ Ȋ ȗȖȧș1.
ǹ ȓȖȌȒȐ Dzț Ȇȕ-șțȕȈ ȚȈȒȎȍ Ȋșȍ ȖȌȕȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ ȖȚȊȍșȐȓȐ ȕȐȏȒȐȍ ȗȖȒȓȖȕȣ ȖȚ-
ȟȍȋȖ ȓȖȌȒȈ ȟțȚȤ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍ ȗȍȘȍȊȍȘȕțȓȈșȤ ȊȍȌȤ șȍȔȤ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȕȈȒȓȖȕȐȓȐșȤ ȘȈȏȖȔ Ȋ
ȖȌȕț Ȑ Țț Ȏȍ șȚȖȘȖȕț
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȟȈș ȕȈ ȓȖȌȒȈȝ ȗȐȘȖȊȈȓȐ ț ǪȈȕ-Ǫȍȧ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ ȏȈȗȈșȣ Ȋșȧ-
ȒȖȑ ȗȘȖȊȐȏȐȐ ǺțȚ ȉȣȓȐ Ȑ ȚȘȍȗȈȕȋȐ — ȉȖȘȖȌȈȊȟȈȚȣȍ ȔȖȘșȒȐȍ ȟȍȘȊȐ — Ȑ ȊȖȌȖ-
ȘȖșȓȐ ȔȖȘșȒȐȍ ȚȘȈȊȣ Ȑ șțȠȍȕȈȧ ȒȈȘȈȒȈȚȐȞȈ ȗȓȈȊȕȐȒȐ ȈȒțȓȣ ȉȖȉȖȊȣȑ șȣȘ
Țțȝȓȣȍ ȋȖȓțȉȐȕȣȍ ȧȑȞȈ ȓȈșȚȖȟȒȐȕȣ ȋȕȍȏȌȈ Ȑ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȘȐș ȉȍȏ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȕȍ
ȖȉȝȖȌȐȚșȧ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȐȑ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȑ ȖȉȍȌ ǪȈȕ-Ǫȍȑ ȎȐȓ ȖȌȐȕȖȒȐȔ ȉȖȉȣȓȍȔ Ȋ ȓȖȌ-
Ȓȍ Ȑ ȍȔț ȉȣȓȖ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȓȍȋȟȍ ȟȍȔ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ șȍȔȤȍ ȏȈȋȖȚȖȊȓȧȚȤ ȏȈȗȈșȣ ȗȐȡȐ
Ǫșȧ șȍȔȤȧ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȋȖșȚȍȔ ȎȈȌȕȖ șȢȍȌȈȓȐ ȖȌȕȖ ȉȓȦȌȖ ȏȈ ȌȘțȋȐȔ Ȑȏ ȔȈ-
ȓȍȕȤȒȐȝ ȋȓȐȕȧȕȣȝ ȟȈȠȍȒ ǻ ȒȈȎȌȖȋȖ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖ ȌȊȍ ȚȖȕȍȕȤȒȐȝ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȝ
ȗȈȓȖȟȒȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ ȖȕȐ ȓȖȊȒȖ Ȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȖȗȖȘȈȎȕȐȊȈȓȐ Ȑȏ ȟȈȠȍȒ ȊȒțșȕțȦ șȕȍȌȤ.
ǷȖșȓȍ ȖȉȍȌȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȖșțȌȈ ȉȣȓȈ țȎȍ ȊȣȔȣȚȈ Ȋ ȘȍȒȍ Ȑ ȟȈȠȍȟȒȐ ȗȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȣ
ȊȊȍȘȝ ȌȕȖȔ ȕȈ ȒȖȘȔȍ șțȠȐȚȤșȧ ǪȈȕ-Ǫȍȑ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ Ȗ șȊȖȐȝ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȧȝ
ǶȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȏȈ ȋȖȌ Ȗȕ țșȗȍȓ ȗȘȖȍȝȈȚȤ ȟțȚȤ ȓȐ ȕȍ ȊȍșȤ ȇȕ-Ǿȏȣ-Ǿȏȧȕ — șȈȔțȦ
ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȘȍȒț Ȋ DzȐȚȈȍ
ǪȈȕ-Ǫȍȑ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ ȕȈ ȊȍȘȝț ȘȍȒȐ ȋȌȍ ȊȖȌȈ ȔȟȐȚșȧ șȖ șȚȘȈȠ-
1 Ʉɢɬɚɣɰɵ ɧɟ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɡɚ ɪɭɤɭ ɤɚɤ ɭ ɧɚɫ ɚ ɤɥɚɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɞɪɭɝ ɞɪɭɝɭ ɩɪɢ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɯ
ɫɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɹ ɧɚ ɝɪɭɞɢ ɥɚɞɨɧɢ ɪɭɤ

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ȕȖȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖȚȖȑ șȘȍȌȐ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȣȝ ȒȈȔȕȍȑ țȚȍșȖȊ Ȑ șȒȈȓ
ǺȍȗȍȘȤ Ȗȕ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȓșȧ șȕȐȏț Ȑȏ ȀȈȕȝȈȧ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȖȋȖ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ
ȎȐȊȍȚ ȔȕȖȋȖ «ȉȍȓȣȝ ȌȤȧȊȖȓȖȊ» ȚȈȒ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȦȚ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȣ ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕȞȍȊ

Ǫ ȀȈȕȝȈȍ ȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȕȣȍ șȓțȝȐ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȊȍșȤ Ȧȋ DzȐȚȈȧ ȊȖșșȚȈȓ ȗȘȖ-
ȚȐȊ ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕȞȍȊ Ȑ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȝ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓȖȊ ǹ ȦȋȈ ș ȇȕ-Ǿȏȣ-ǾȏȧȕȈ ȕȈ ȀȈȕȝȈȑ
ȠȓȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȖȕȕȈȧ ȈȘȔȐȧ
ǵȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȕȖ șȓțȠȈȓȈ ȘȍȟȕȈȧ șȍȔȤȧ ȕȖȊȖșȚȐ ǵȈ ȘȍȒȍ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ ȚȖȓ-
ȒȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȍȚșȧ ț șȍȉȧ Ȏȍ ȕȈ ȘȖȌȐȕȍ ǪȍȌȤ șȦȌȈ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȗȖȗȈȌȈȓȐ
ȋȈȏȍȚȣ Ȉ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ Ȑ ȗȖȗȈȌȈȓȐ Ȋșȍ ȘȈȊȕȖ ȕȍȒȖȔț ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ Ȑȝ ȟȐȚȈȚȤ DzȈȎȌȖȍ
ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȖȍ șȓȖȊȖ ȗȐȠȍȚșȧ ȖșȖȉȣȔ ȏȕȈȒȖȔ Ȑ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȓȖȊ — șȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȑ ȏȕȈȒȖȊ
ǿȚȖȉȣ ȕȈțȟȐȚȤșȧ ȒȈȒ șȓȍȌțȍȚ ȟȐȚȈȚȤ ȕțȎȕȖ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȚȤșȧ ȌȍșȧȚȒȐ ȓȍȚ DzȖȕȍȟ-
ȕȖ ȉȍȏȌȖȔȕȣȔ ȉȍȌȕȧȒȈȔ ȕȍȋȌȍ Ȑ ȕȍȒȖȋȌȈ ȉȣȓȖ țȟȐȚȤșȧ
ǶșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȎȈȌȕȖ șȓțȠȈȓ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣ ǪȈȕ-Ǫȍȧ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ Dzț-ǹȧȖ Ƕȕ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ
ȐȏȌȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȈȝ ȊȐȌȣȊȈȓ «ȉȍȓȣȝ ȌȤȧȊȖȓȖȊ» ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȐ ȉȘȖșȈȓȐ ȔȖȕȍȚȒȐ
Ȋ ȊȖȌț ȕȖ Ȗȕ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȕȈșȓȣȠȈȓșȧ Ȗ ȕȐȝ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȕȈ ȓȖȌȒȈȝ ȊȖȒȘțȋ țȎȍ ȋȖȘȍȓȐ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȍ ȒȖȗȚȐȓȒȐ-ȓȈȔȗȖȟȒȐ ș ȉȖ-
ȉȖȊȣȔ ȔȈșȓȖȔ Ȉ ȕȈȊȍȘȝț Ȋ ȕȍȉȍșȈȝ șȐȧȓȐ ȏȊȍȏȌȣ ǪȈȕ-Ǫȍȑ ȖȉȢȧȊȐȓ Dzț Ȇȕ-
șțȕț ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖȉțȌȍȚ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș șȍȔȤȍȑ ȌȖ ȖȒȖȕȟȈȕȐȧ ȘȍȟȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȈȏȌȕȐȒȈ ǬȘȈ-
ȒȖȕȖȊ ǩȣȓ ȒȖȕȍȞ ȈȗȘȍȓȧ Ȉ ȗȘȈȏȌȕȐȒ ǬȘȈȒȖȕȖȊ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȍȚșȧ  ȔȈȧ Ȑ ȚȧȕȍȚșȧ ȌȖ
 ȔȈȧ
ǷǸǨǯǬǵǰDz ǬǸǨDzǶǵǶǪ
ǿȚȖȉȣ Ȋȍșȍȓȍȍ ȗȘȖȊȍșȚȐ ȗȘȈȏȌȕȐȒ Ȗȉȍ ȓȖȌȒȐ ȗȖ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȍȕȐȦ ǪȈȕ-Ǫȍȧ ȕȈ-
ȗȘȈȊȐȓȐșȤ Ȓ șȈȔȖȔț ȋȖȘȖȌț ǿȎȍȕȤ-Ǿȏȧȕț ǹȦȌȈ șȢȍȝȈȓȐșȤ ȚȣșȧȟȐ ȘȈȏȕȖȖȉ-
ȘȈȏȕȣȝ ȓȖȌȖȒ
ǵȈȌ ȊșȍȔȐ ȓȖȌȒȈȔȐ Ȉ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌȍ ȕȈȌ ȌȊȍȘȧȔȐ Ȋșȍȝ ȜȈȕȏ ȌȖȔȖȊ
ȉȣȓȐ ȘȈȏȊȍȠȈȕȣ ȗțȟȒȐ ȌȘȍȊȍșȕȣȝ ȓȐșȚȤȍȊ ȒȈȔȣȠȈ Ȑ ȟȍșȕȖȒȈ ǷȖ ȗȖȊȍȘȤȦ
ȥȚȐ ȓȐșȚȤȧ ȒȈȔȣȠ Ȑ ȟȍșȕȖȒ ȔȖȋțȚ ȖȚȖȋȕȈȚȤ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȝ ȏȓȣȝ ȌțȝȖȊ Ȑ ȟȍȘȚȍȑ Ȋ
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȍȡȍ ȊȍȘȧȚ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȣ
ǪȖȏȓȍ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȉȍȘȍȋȈ șȚȖȧȓȐ Ȋ ȘȧȌ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȍșȧȚȒȖȊ țȏȒȐȝ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȝ ȓȖ-
ȌȖȒ DzȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȓȦȌȐ șȗȍȠȕȖ țȒȘȈȠȈȓȐ Ȑȝ ȜȓȈȋȈȔȐ ȘȈȏȕȖȞȊȍȚȕȣȔȐ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȧ-
ȔȐ Ȑ ȓȍȕȚȈȔȐ ǰȏȌȈȓȐ ȓȖȌȒȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȖȝȖȎȐ ȕȈ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȣȍ ȉțȒȍȚȣ ȧȘȒȐȝ ȞȊȍȚȖȊ
ǹȧȖ ȒȈȒ Ȑ Ȋșȍ Șȍȟȕȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȐ ȓȖȌȒȐ țȒȘȈȠȈȦȚ ȗȖ șȓțȟȈȦ ȗȘȈ-
ȏȌȕȐȒȈ ǬȘȈȒȖȕȖȊ Ǫ ȗȧȚȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȗȧȚȖȑ ȓțȕȣ ȚȖ ȍșȚȤ  ȔȈȧ Ȋ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ
ȗȘȈȏȌȕȐȒȈ ȉțȌțȚ țșȚȘȖȍȕȣ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȣȍ ȋȖȕȒȐ ȟȤȧ ȓȖȌȒȈ ȗȘȐȗȓȣȊȍȚ ȗȍȘȊȖȑ Ȓ
ȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕȕȖȔț ȔȍșȚț
 ȔȈȧ Dzț-ǹȧȖ ȗȘȖșȕțȓșȧ ȟțȚȤ șȊȍȚ Ȋ șȊȖȐȝ ȓȖȝȔȖȚȤȧȝ ȗȖȌ șȖȓȖȔȍȕȕȣȔ ȕȈ-
ȊȍșȖȔ ǸȈȕȖ țȚȘȖȔ ȊȍșȤ ȋȖȘȖȌ Ȑ ȘȍȒȈ ȗȘȐȕȈȘȧȌȐȓȐșȤ ȗȖ-ȗȘȈȏȌȕȐȟȕȖȔț Ȑ ȊșȦ-
Ȍț ȉȣȓȖ ȊȍșȍȓȖ Ȑ ȖȎȐȊȓȍȕȕȖ
ǹȍȔȤȧ Dzț Ȇȕ-șțȕȈ ȘȈșȗȖȓȖȎȐȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȌȊțȝ ȓȖȌȒȈȝ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ șȚȖȧȓȐ ȘȧȌȖȔ

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ȊȏȘȖșȓȣȍ — ț ǪȈȕ-Ǫȍȧ ȔȓȈȌȠȐȍ — ț șȍȉȧ ǵȈ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȑ ȎȍșȚȧȕȖȑ ȗȍȟțȘȒȍ țȎȍ
ȒȐȗȍȓ ȟȈȑ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȘȈȏȓȐȓȐ ȊșȍȔ ȋȖȘȤȒȖȊȈȚȣȑ ȟȈȑ ȉȍȏ șȈȝȈȘȈ ǪȈȕ-Ǫȍȑ ȕȈ ȔȐȋ ȕȣȘȕțȓ Ȋ
șȊȖȦ ȒȘȖȠȍȟȕțȦ ȓȖȌȖȟȕțȦ șȗȈȓȍȕȒț Ȑ ȊȣȗȖȓȏ Ȑȏ ȕȍȍ ș ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȒȖȘȏȐȕȖȑ Ȋ
ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ ȗȖȌȈȘȒȐ Ȍȓȧ șȍȔȤȐ ǺțȚ ȉȣȓȐ șȓȈȌȒȐȍ ȘȐșȖȊȣȍ ȓȍȗȍȠȒȐ
ȏȈȊȍȘȕțȚȣȍ Ȋ ȉȈȔȉțȒȖȊȣȍ ȓȐșȚȤȧ ȘȣȉȈ șȖȓȍȕȣȍ ȧȑȞȈ Ȑ «ȗȐ-ȉȈ» — ȖșȖȉȣȍ ȒȐ-
ȚȈȑșȒȐȍ ȗȓȖȌȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȓȦȉȧȚ ȘȍȉȧȚȈ Ǫșȍ ȥȚȖ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ șȚȈȊȐȚșȧ
ȕȈ șȚȖȓ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏ Ȋ ȗȘȈȏȌȕȐȒ ǬȘȈȒȖȕȖȊ
ǯȈ ȟȈȍȔ Ȑ ȊȒțșȕȖȑ ȗȘȈȏȌȕȐȟȕȖȑ șȕȍȌȤȦ ǪȈȕ-Ǫȍȑ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȒȈȒ
ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȍȓ ȗȘȈȏȌȕȐȒ ǬȘȈȒȖȕȖȊ ǹȧȖ Ȋ șȖșȍȌȕȍȑ ȓȖȌȒȍ ȉȣȓȖ șȓȣȠȕȖ ȒȈȎȌȖȍ
șȓȖȊȖ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȟȐȒȈ
— ǶȟȍȕȤ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȌȊțȝ Țȣșȧȟ ȓȍȚ ȕȈȏȈȌ Ȋ DzȐȚȈȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȞȈȘșȚȊȖ
ǿȎȖț ǪȓȈȌȍȓ ȥȚȐȔ ȞȈȘșȚȊȖȔ ȎȍșȚȖȒȐȑ ȏȓȖȑ ȞȈȘȤ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȊșȧȟȍșȒȐ ȐȏȌȍ-
ȊȈȓșȧ ȕȈȌ ȕȈȘȖȌȖȔ ǻ ȞȈȘȧ ȉȣȓ ȌȖȉȘȣȑ ȔȐȕȐșȚȘ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȚȣȑ ȗȖȥȚ ǾȦȑ-ȆȈȕȤ
ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ǾȦȑ-ȆȈȕȤ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȊșȦ ȗȘȈȊȌț Ȋ ȓȐȞȖ ȞȈȘȦ Ȗ ȍȋȖ ȎȍșȚȖȒȖșȚȧȝ Ȑ
ȕȍșȗȘȈȊȍȌȓȐȊȖșȚȐ ǸȈȏȋȕȍȊȈȕȕȣȑ ȞȈȘȤ șȖșȓȈȓ ȗȖȥȚȈ-ȔȐȕȐșȚȘȈ Ȋ ȌȈȓȍȒțȦ șșȣȓ-
Ȓț ǷȖȥȚ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȎȐȚȤ Ȋ ȘȈȉșȒȖȑ șȚȘȈȕȍ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȘȍȒț Ȑ țȚȖȕțȓ Ȋ
ȕȍȑ ǬȖȓȋȖ ȎȐȚȍȓȐ ȘȍȒȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȓȦȉȐȓȐ șȗȘȈȊȍȌȓȐȊȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȐșȒȈȓȐ ȚȘțȗ
ǾȦȑ-ȆȈȕȧ ȕȖ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȕȍ ȕȈȠȓȐ ȍȋȖ ǻ ȗȖȥȚȈ ȖșȚȈȓȈșȤ ȟȍȚȣȘȕȈȌȞȈȚȐȓȍȚȕȧȧ ȌȖȟȤ.
DzȖȋȌȈ Ȋșȍ ȗȖȐșȒȐ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈȗȘȈșȕȣȔȐ ȖȕȈ ȗȖ ȗȘȐȔȍȘț ȖȚȞȈ ȉȘȖșȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ

130
ȘȍȒț Ȑ țȚȖȕțȓȈ Ȋ ȕȍȑ ǿȍȘȍȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȕȍȑ ȎȐȚȍȓȐ ȕȈȠȓȐ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț ȌȊȈ
ȚȘțȗȈ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ȔȍȘȚȊȈȧ ȌȖȟȤ ȌȍȘȎȈȓȈ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ ȔȍȘȚȊȖȋȖ ȖȚȞȈ
ǶȉȈ ȚȘțȗȈ ȉȣȓȐ ș ȗȖȟȍȚȖȔ ȗȖȝȖȘȖȕȍȕȣ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏ ȏȌȍșȤ Ȋ ǿȎȍȕȤ-Ǿȏȧȕȍ ǰ Țȍ-
ȗȍȘȤ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȋȖȌ Ȋ ȗȧȚȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȗȧȚȖȑ ȓțȕȣ ȚȖ ȍșȚȤ  ȔȈȧ Ȋ ȚȖȚ Ȏȍ ȌȍȕȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ
ȗȖȥȚ ǾȦȑ-ȆȈȕȤ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȘȍȒț ȕȈȘȖȌ ȗȘȈȏȌȕțȍȚ ȗȘȈȏȌȕȐȒ ǬȘȈȒȖȕȖȊ
ǹȧȖ ȎȈȌȕȖ șȓțȠȈȍȚ ȒȈȎȌȖȍ șȓȖȊȖ ǪȈȕ-Ǫȍȧ Ȑ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȊȍȘȐȚ ȊșȍȔț ȥȚȖȔț
ȝȖȚȧ Ȋ ȥȚȖȑ ȕȈȘȖȌȕȖȑ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȖȑ ȓȍȋȍȕȌȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȊȣȌțȔȒȐ ȟȍȔ ȗȘȈȊȌȣ
ǭȌȊȈ ȒȖȕȟȐȓ ǪȈȕ-Ǫȍȑ șȊȖȑ ȘȈșșȒȈȏ ȒȈȒ șȖ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ ȗȖșȓȣȠȈȓșȧ șȐ-
ȓȤȕȣȑ ȠțȔ Ȑ ȊșȒȖȘȍ ȕȈ ȕȈȉȍȘȍȎȕțȦ ș ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȝ ȗȍȘȍțȓȖȟȒȖȊ ȊȣșȚțȗȐȓȈ
ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȈȧ ȚȖȓȗȈ ȓȦȌȍȑ ǵȈȌ ȚȖȓȗȖȑ ȘȈȏȊȍȊȈȓȐșȤ ȒȘȈșȕȣȍ ȜȓȈȋȐ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȈ
— ȅȚȖ ȒțȓȐ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȍ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȍ șȚțȌȍȕȚȣ Ȑ ȋȖȘȖȌșȒȈȧ ȉȍȌȕȖȚȈ ȗȘȈȏȌȕțȦȚ
ȗȖ-șȊȖȍȔț ȗȘȈȏȌȕȐȒ ǬȘȈȒȖȕȖȊ ǻ ȕȐȝ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ șȊȖȑ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȑ ȗȘȈȏȌȕȐȒ —  ȔȈȧ
— ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȓ ȉȣȊȈȓȣȑ ǪȈȕ-Ǫȍȑ ȘȍȟȕȣȔ ȓȦȌȧȔ
ǹ ȓȖȌȖȒ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȊȐȌȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȍȚșȧ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț ǪȖȚ ȚȖȓȗȈ ȘȈȏȖȔ ȋȘȧȕțȓȈ ȗȍș-
ȕȦ Ƿȍșȕȧ ȕȖȊȈȧ ȒȈȒțȦ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ șȓȣȠȈȓȐ Șȍȟȕȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ Ȋ ȥȚȖȑ ȗȍșȕȍ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȑ
ȓȦȌ ȗȘȖȒȓȐȕȈȍȚ ȊȘȈȋȖȊ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȖȋȖ ȕȈȘȖȌȈ — «ȉȍȓȣȝ ȌȤȧȊȖȓȖȊ» — ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕȞȍȊ
Ȑ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓȖȊ
ǴȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ǹȧȖ ȌȘȖȎȐȚ ǪȏȘȖșȓȣȔ ȎțȚȒȖ ǵȈșȚȖȘȖȎȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȓȖȌȒȈȝ ȟȚȖ
ȉțȌȍȚ"
«DzȈȒ ȓȦȌȐ ȔȖȋțȚ ȗȍȚȤ ȚȈȒȐȍ ȗȍșȕȐ" — ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȍȚ ǹȧȖ — ǪȍȌȤ ȊȖȚ șȚȖȧȚ
ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕȕȣȍ șțȌȈ șȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȔȐ ȗțȠȒȈȔȐ ȖȉȘȈȡȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȕȈ ȋȖȘȖȌ Ǩ Ȋ ȋȖȘȖ-
Ȍȍ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȔȕȖȋȖ șȖȓȌȈȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ șȓțȎȈȚ ț ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓȖȊ»
ǰ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ǹȧȖ ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ Ȗ șȖȓȌȈȚȈȝ ȒȈȒ ș ȌȘțȋȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȕȈȉȍȘȍȎȕȖȑ ș ȚȈ-
ȒȐȝ Ȏȍ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȝ ȗȍȘȍțȓȖȟȒȖȊ ȉȣșȚȘȖ-ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȖȌȐȕ ȏȈ ȌȘțȋȐȔ ȞȍȗȧȔȐ Ȋȣȉȍ-
ȎȈȓȐ ȗȖȓȐȞȍȑșȒȐȍ Ȉ ȏȈ ȕȐȔȐ șȖȓȌȈȚȣ Ǫ ȘțȒȈȝ ț ȕȐȝ — ȘțȎȤȧ
ǵȈ ȘȍȒȍ ȚȘȍȊȖȋȈ — ȒȈȒ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȋȘȖȏȖȑ ǵȈ ȌȎȖȕȒȈȝ ȕȈșȗȍȝ ȘȈȏȊȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȦȚșȧ
ȗȈȘțșȈ ǵȈ ȠȈȔȗțȕȒȈȝ ȓȦȌȐ ȉȘȖșȈȦȚșȧ Ȓ ȊȍșȓȈȔ.
ǺȘȈȝ ȘȈȝ — ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț ȘȈȏȌȈȓȐșȤ ȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȣ DzȈȒ ȐșȗțȋȈȕȕȣȍ șȚȈȐ
ȗȚȐȞ ȊȊȍȘȝ Ȑ ȊȕȐȏ ȗȖ ȘȍȒȍ ȗȖȕȍșȓȐșȤ ȚȣșȧȟȐ ȓȖȌȖȒ ǴȐȘȕȣȍ Șȍȟȕȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ țȗ-
ȓȣȊȈȓȐ ȗȖȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȖȚ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȖȊ ȖȚ ȗțȓȤ ȖȉȍȘȍȋȈȧ șȊȖȐ șȍȔȤȐ
ǰ șȘȍȌȐ ȥȚȐȝ ȓȖȌȖȒ ȘȧȌȖȔ ȗȓȣȓȐ ȠȈȔȗțȕȒȐ ǪȈȕ-Ǫȍȧ Ȑ DzțȆȕ-șțȕȈDzț-ǹȧȖ
ȉȣȓȖ ȚȈȒ ȖȉȐȌȕȖ ȚȈȒ ȌȖșȈȌȕȖ ȍȔț ȊȍȌȤ ȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ țȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡțȦ ȊȖȑȕț
ǪȖȑȕț ȓȦȌȍȑ ș ȒȘȈșȕȣȔȐ ȜȓȈȋȈȔȐ Ȑ șȖȓȌȈȚ ȊȖȖȘțȎȍȕȕȣȝ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȐȔȐ Șț-
ȎȤȧȔȐ
ǷǭǸǪȃDZ ǸǨǯ ǵǨ ǯǭǴdzǭ
Dzț-ǹȧȖ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȕȍ țȌȈȓȖșȤ țȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡțȦ ȊȖȑȕț
ǵȍ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȍȔț ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ Ȑ ȕȈ ȋȖȕȒȐ ȘȈȏțȒȘȈȠȍȕȕȣȝ ȓȖȌȖȒ ǶȚȍȞ ȖȚȗȓȣȓ
ȌȈȓȍȒȖ-ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȊȊȍȘȝ ȗȖ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȦ Ȑ Ȗȉȍ ȓȖȌȒȐ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȐșȤ ț ȖȉȣȟȕȖȑ Șȍȟ-
ȕȖȑ șȚȖȧȕȒȐ ȓȖȌȖȒ ȉȓȐȏ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȌȍȘȍȊțȠȒȐ ǽȖȕ-ǬȈ

131
ǶȌȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȘȈȏȊȓȍȟȍȕȐȍ Dzț-ǹȧȖ șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȕȈ ȗȓȖȊțȟȐȍ ȗȈȠȕȐ
ǺȈȒȐȍ ȗȈȠȕȐ ȒȘȖȔȍ DzȐȚȈȧ ȊȖ ȊșȍȔ ȔȐȘȍ ȕȍ țȊȐȌȐȠȤ.
dzȦȌȐ ț ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȕȍȚ ȏȍȔȓȐ țșȚȘȈȐȊȈȦȚ ȕȈ ȘȍȒȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ ȗȓȍȚȍȕȣȍ ȗȓȖȚȣ
ȅȚȐ ȗȓȖȚȣ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȣ ȚȖȓșȚȣȔ șȓȖȍȔ ȐȓȈ Ȑ ȏȍȔȓȐ Ȑ ȕȈ ȕȐȝ șȈȎȈȦȚ ȝȓȍȉȕȣȍ ȏȍȘ-
ȕȈ ǷȓȖȚȣ ȊȣșȚȘȖȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȑ ȘȧȌ ǹ ȕȐȝ ȉȘȖȠȍȕȣ Ȋ ȊȖȌț ȚȧȎȍȓȣȍ ȧȒȖȘȧ
ȟȚȖȉȣ «ȗȖȓȍ» ȕȍ țȕȍș ȊȍȚȍȘ
ǹȧȖ șȔȖȚȘȐȚ ȒȈȒ ȗȖȓțȋȖȓȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ Ȋ ȓȖȝȔȖȚȤȧȝ ȊȖȏȧȚșȧ ȕȈ șȊȖȐȝ ȊȖȌȧȕȣȝ
ȗȓȖȊțȟȐȝ ȗȈȠȕȧȝ
«ǪȖȚ ȉȣ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȕȈȔ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȗȖȓȍ» — ȌțȔȈȍȚ ȒȐȚȈȑȟȖȕȖȒ
ǪȍȌȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ țȗȓȣȓ ǪȈȕ-Ǫȍȑ Ȑ Ȋ ȓȖȌȒȍ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȕȈșȚțȗȐȓ ȋȖȓȖȌ ǹ ȒȈȎȌȣȔ
ȌȕȍȔ Ȋșȍ ȝțȎȍ Ȑ ȝțȎȍ ǶȚȍȞ Ȑ șȚȈȘȠȐȍ ȌȍȚȐ ș ȘȈȕȕȍȋȖ țȚȘȈ ȌȖ ȗȖȏȌȕȍȋȖ ȊȍȟȍȘȈ
țȌȐȓȐ Șȣȉț ǴȈȚȤ ș ȔȈȓȣȔȐ ȘȍȉȧȚȈȔȐ ȊȣȓȈȊȓȐȊȈȓȐ Ȑȏ ȊȖȌȣ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔȐ Ƞȍș-
ȚȈȔȐ ȈȘȉțȏȕȣȍ ȒȖȘȒȐ ȉȈȕȈȕȕțȦ Ƞȍȓțȝț ǰȕȖȋȌȈ țȌȈȍȚșȧ ȕȈȞȍȗȐȚȤ ȕȈ ȠȍșȚ Ȑ
ȚȘțȗȣ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȝ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȝ ȐȓȐ ȊȣȉȘȖȠȍȕȕȣȍ ș ȉȍȘȍȋȈ ȋȕȐȓȣȍ ȖȊȖȡȐ ȅȚȐ-
ȔȐ ȗȖȌȈȧȕȐȧȔȐ ȘȍȒȐ Ȑ ȒȖȘȔȐȓȐșȤ Șȍȟȕȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ
DzȈȒ-ȚȖ ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȗȘȖșȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȕȖȟȤȦ Ȋ șȊȖȐȝ ȓȖȝȔȖȚȤȧȝ ǹȧȖ țșȓȣȠȈȓ șȚȘȈȕ-
ȕȣȑ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘ
— ǵȈȌȖ ȘȈȏȌȈȚȤ ȌȍȚȍȑ ȗȘȖȌȈȚȤ Dzț-ǵȦ ȏȈ ȕȍȍ ȌȈȌțȚ ȝȖȘȖȠȐȍ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ ȚȈȥ-
ȓȍȑ Șțȉȓȍȑ
 ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ Ǩ ǹȧȖ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȗȖȌȉȘȖșȐȚȤ Ȓ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȉȖȋȈȚȖȑ Ȍȍ-
ȘȍȊȕȍ Ƕȕ ȕȍ țȔȘȍȚ ș ȋȖȓȖȌț ȍȋȖ ȗȖȌȉȍȘțȚ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȝȘȐȗȓȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȖȚȍȞ
— ȇ ȕȍ ȖȚȌȈȔ șȊȖȐȝ ȌȍȚȍȑ — ȘȣȌȈȓȈ ȔȈȚȤ
— ǵț ȚȖȋȌȈ Ȕȣ Ȋșȍ șȌȖȝȕȍȔ ș ȋȖȓȖȌț ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȚȊȖȐȔȐ ȌȍȚȤȔȐ DzțȌȈ Ȕȕȍ
șȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȚȖȊ ǹȧȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ȓțȟȠȍ ǭȋȖ ȕȈțȟȈȚ ȒȈȒȖȔț-ȕȐȉțȌȤ Ȍȍȓț Ȑ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȚ
ȊȓȈȟȐȚȤ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚțȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ Șȍȟȕȣȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ
— ǵȍ ȖȚȌȈȔ ȕȍ ȖȚȌȈȔ ȕȍ ȖȚȌȈȔ — ȏȈȝȓȍȉȣȊȈȓȈșȤ ȔȈȚȤ Ȋ șȓȍȏȈȝ
ǪșȦ ȕȖȟȤ ȊȖȘȖȟȈȓșȧ ȕȍșȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ Ȋ Ȓțȟȍ ȚȘȧȗȤȧ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȒȐȚȈȑȟȖȕȖȒ Ȑ ȕȐ-
ȒȈȒ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ șȖȔȒȕțȚȤ ȋȓȈȏȈ
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȗȖȓȔȍșȧȞȈ ȋȖȓȖȌȕȈȧ șȍȔȤȧ ȘȈșȗȘȖȡȈȓȈșȤ ș Dzț-ǵȍȑ ȌȍȊțȠȒț ȗȘȖȌȈ-
ȓȐ ȕȈ ȠȈȕȝȈȑșȒțȦ ȠȍȓȒȖȗȘȧȌȐȓȤȕțȦ ȜȈȉȘȐȒț ȏȈ  șȍȘȍȉȘȧȕȣȝ ȚȈȥȓȍȑ
DzȈȎȌȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ șȖȊȍȡȈȓȈșȤ șȍȔȤȧ ȒțȌȈ țȗȖȚȘȍȉȐȚȤ ȚȈȒțȦ țȑȔț Ȍȍȕȍȋ
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ Dzț Ȇȕ-șțȕ ȖȉȢȧȊȐȓ șȍȔȤȍ ȏȈȊȚȘȈ Ȗȕ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ǹȧȖ șȖȑȌȍȚ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋ
ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȋ ȉȓȐȎȈȑȠȍȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȍ ȒțȗȐȚȤ ȘȣȉȖȓȖȊȕțȦ șȍȚȤ
ǵȍȉȣȊȈȓȖȑ ȘȈȌȖșȚȤȦ ȏȈȉȐȓȖșȤ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒȈ ǹȧȖ ȘȖȎȌȍȕȕȣȑ ȕȈ ȊȖȌȍ
ȕȐ ȘȈȏț ȍȡȍ ȕȍ șȚțȗȈȓ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ
ǵȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȓȖȌȒȈ ȗȘȐȟȈȓȐȓȈ Ȓ ȉȍȘȍȋț ȉȓȐȏ «ȗȓȖȊțȟȐȝ ȗȈȠȍȕ» ǴȈȏ-
ȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ǹȧȖ șȗȘȣȋȕțȓ ȊșȓȍȌ ȏȈ ȖȚȞȖȔ ȕȈ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȑ ȉȍȘȍȋ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏ ț ȉȖȓȤȠȖȋȖ
ȒȈȔȕȧ ȗȖȝȖȎȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȟȍȘȍȗȈȝț
ǯȍȔȓȧ DzȐȚȈȑȟȖȕȒț ȉȣȓȖ ȚȈȒ ȟțȌȕȖ ȚȈȒ ȏȈȉȈȊȕȖ șȚȖȧȚȤ ȕȈ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖȑ ȏȍȔ-
ȓȍ ǪȍȌȤ Ȗȕ Ȑ Ȋȣȕȧȕȟȍȕ-ȚȖ ȕȈ ȊȖȓȕȈȝ Ȋ ȓȖȌȒȍ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȓȦȓȤȒȍ ǹ ȕȍȗȘȐȊȣȟȒȐ ȌȈ-
Ȏȍ ȏȈȒȘțȎȐȓȈșȤ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ
ǪȣșȖȒȐȍ ȘȖșȒȖȠȕȣȍ ȚȘȈȊȣ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȐȓȐ Ȓ șȈȔȖȑ ȘȍȒȍ Ȉ ȊȣȠȍ ȘȖșȓȐ ȒțșȚȈȘ-
ȕȐȒȐ țȏȖȘȕȣȍ ȗȈȗȖȘȖȚȕȐȒȐ Ȑ ȕȈȌ ȕȐȔȐ ȊȍȒȖȊȣȍ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȧ ȖȉȊȐȚȣȍ ȌȐȒȐȔ ȊȐ-
ȕȖȋȘȈȌȖȔ
ǶȚȍȞ ș șȣȕȖȔ ȗȘȖȠȓȐ țȏȍȕȤȒȖȑ ȚȘȖȗȐȕȒȖȑ ȔȍȎȌț șȒȈȓȈȔȐ

133
ǪȖȚ ȗȖȚȧȕțȓȐșȤ ȗȖȓȧ ȝȓȖȗȒȈ ȏȈ ȕȐȔȐ ȘȧȌȣ ȚțȚȖȊȣȝ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȍȊ Ȟȍȓȣȍ ȓȍșȈ
ȈȉȘȐȒȖșȖȊȣȝ ȗȍȘșȐȒȖȊȣȝ Ȑ ȖȘȍȝȖȊȣȝ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȍȊ
ǬȈȓȤȠȍ ȗȖȠȓȐ ȘȐșȖȊȣȍ ȗȖȓȧ ȏȈȓȐȚȣȍ ȊȖȌȖȑ Ȑ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȉȖȓȤ-
ȠȈȧ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȧ ǮȐȚȍȓȐ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȊȖȒȘțȋ șȓȈȊȐȓȐșȤ ȐșȒțșȕȖȑ ȊȣȌȍȓȒȖȑ ȘȣȉȖȓȖȊ-
ȕȣȝ șȍȚȍȑ
ǹȧȖ ȕȍ țșȚȈȊȈȓ ȐȌȚȐ ȏȈ ȖȚȞȖȔ ȍȔț ȉȣȓȖ ȚȈȒ ȊȍșȍȓȖ ȚȈȒ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȖ șȚțȗȈȚȤ
ȗȖ ȏȍȔȓȍ
ǶȚȍȞ ȒțȗȐȓ șȍȚȤ ȏȈȠȍȓ ș șȣȕȖȔ Ȋ ȝȈȘȟȍȊȕȦ ȋȌȍ ȖȕȐ ȊȒțșȕȖ ȗȖȖȉȍȌȈȓȐ Ȑ
Dzț Ȇȕ-șțȕ ȗȘȐȒțȗȐȓ Ȟȍȓȣȑ ȔȍȠȖȟȍȒ ȋȈȖȓȧȕȖȊȣȝ ȓȍȗȍȠȍȒ Ȑ ȊșȧȒȖȑ șȕȍȌȐ
— ǵȈ ȕȍșȐ ȔȍȠȖȒ ǹȧȖ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȚȧȎȍȓ ȅȚȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ȋȖșȚȐȕȍȞ Ȍȓȧ ȉȘȈȚȤȍȊ
Ȑ ȌȍȌȈ
ǰ ȖȕȐ ȗȖȒȐȕțȓȐ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȦ ȕȖ ȕȍ ș ȚȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ș ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȗȘȐȠȓȐ Ȉ ș ȗȘȖ-
ȚȐȊȖȗȖȓȖȎȕȖȑ
— DzțȌȈ Ȕȣ ȍȡȍ ȐȌȍȔ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ǹȧȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȔ ȟȚȖ
ȖȚȍȞ ȐȌȍȚ ș ȕȐȔ ȕȍ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖ Ȓ ȓȖȌȒȍ Ȉ ȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ
— Ǵȣ ȖȉȖȋȕȍȔ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȦ șȗțșȚȐȔșȧ Ȑ ȗȖȑȌȍȔ ȗȖ ȉȍȘȍȋț ȚțȚ ȉȓȐȎȍ — ȖȚ-
ȊȍȚȐȓ Dzț Ȇȕ-șțȕ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȧ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȗȖȏȈȌȐ Ȑ ȖȕȐ ȊȣȠȓȐ Ȋ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȖȍ ȗȖȓȍ ȖȚȍȞ
ȊȌȘțȋ șȗȖȝȊȈȚȐȓșȧ
— Ǩȑ Ȉȑ Ȉȑ șȣȕȖȒ — ȊșȒȘȐȒȕțȓ Ȗȕ — ȇ șȖȊșȍȔ ȏȈȉȣȓ ȊȍȌȤ ȧ ȖȉȍȡȈȓ Ȓț-
ȗȐȚȤ ȔȈȚȍȘȐ ȕȖȊȖȍ ȗȓȈȚȤȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȖȕȈ ȎȌȍȚ ȊȖȚ țȎȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȓȍȚ Ǻȣ ȗȖșȐ-
ȌȐ ȏȌȍșȤ Ȑ ȖȉȖȎȌȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ǩȍȏ Țȍȉȧ ȧ șȒȖȘȍȍ șȗȘȈȊȓȦșȤ Ȉ ȧ șȉȍȋȈȦ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖ Ȋ Ȍȍ-
ȘȍȊȕȦ
— ǷȈȗȒȈ Țȣ ȖșȚȈȊȤ șȍȚȤ-ȚȖ Ȉ ȚȖ Țȍȉȍ ȚȧȎȍȓȖ ȚȈșȒȈȚȤ ȍȍ ȚțȌȈ Ȑ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖ —
șȒȈȏȈȓ ǹȧȖ
— ǵȍȚ ȕȍȚ ǹȍȚȤ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȖșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ș ȚȖȉȖȑ Ǻȣ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ — ț Țȍȉȧ ȔȖȋțȚ ȍȍ
ȖȚȖȉȘȈȚȤ
Dzț Ȇȕ-șțȕ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖ Ȋ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȦ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ȊȌȘțȋ Ȑ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ
— ǵȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Țȣ ȕȍ ȖȚȝȖȌȐ ȕȐ ȕȈ ȠȈȋ ȖȚ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȔȍșȚȈ ȗȖȒȈ ȧ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȌț
ǹȧȖ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȕȈ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ț ȖȚȞȈ ȊȣșȚțȗȐȓȐ șȓȍȏȣ Ȑ ȋȖȓȖș ȍȋȖ ȗȖȟȍȔț-
ȚȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȝȖȎ ȕȈ Ȗȉȣȟȕȣȑ ȖȚȞȖȊșȒȐȑ ǰ ȍȔț șȚȈȓȖ ȎțȚȒȖ ȖșȚȈȊȈȚȤșȧ ȖȌȕȖ-
Ȕț ȕȈ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȖȑ ȏȍȔȓȍ
ǵȖ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȣ ȚȍȘȗȍȓȐȊȣ — Ȑ ȊȏȘȖșȓȣȍ Ȑ ȌȍȚȐ
ǹȧȖ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȓ ȔȍȠȖȒ ș ȋȖșȚȐȕȞȈȔȐ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ Ȑ țșȍȓșȧ ȎȌȈȚȤ ȖȚȞȈ
DzȈȒ-ȚȖ șȘȈȏț șȚȍȔȕȍȓȖ
Ǩ ǹȧȖ Ȋșȍ ȍȡȍ șȐȌȍȓ ȕȈ ȚȘȖȗȐȕȒȍ ȔȍȎȌț ȘȐșȖȊȣȔȐ ȗȖȓȧȔȐ
ǻȎȍ ȗȘȖȠȍȓ ȕȍ ȖȌȐȕ ȟȈș ș Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ ȒȈȒ ȖȚȍȞ țȠȍȓ «ȏȈ ȖȉȕȖȊȒȖȑ Ȍȓȧ ȔȈȚȍ-
ȘȐ»...
ǪȔȍșȚȍ ș ȚȍȔȕȖȚȖȑ ȘȖșȓȐ ȚȘȍȊȖȋȈ Ȑ șȚȘȈȝ
ǪȌȘțȋ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ ȉȓȐȏȒȖ ȕȈ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȧȝ ȔȍȎȌț ȗȖȓȧȔȐ ȊșȒȘȐȒȕțȓȈ ȕȖȟȕȈȧ ȗȚȐ-
ȞȈ DzȘȐȒ ȍȍ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȝȖȎ ȕȈ ȎȈȓȖȉȕȣȑ ȗȓȈȟ ȘȍȉȍȕȒȈ ǹȧȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȒȘȐ-
ȟȐȚ ȕȖȟȕȈȧ ȗȚȐȞȈ — ȍȔț șȚȈȓȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ
ǵȍ ȊȣȌȍȘȎȈȓ ǹȧȖ Ȑ ȏȈȗȓȈȒȈȓ Ǫșȍ ȋȘȖȔȟȍ Ȑ ȋȘȖȔȟȍ ȗȓȈȒȈȓ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒ Ȑ ȗȓȈ-
ȟȍȔ ȖȚȗțȋȕțȓ ȗȚȐȞț ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȖȕȈ ȒȘȐȟȈȓȈ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ
ǫȓȈȏȍȕȒȐ ǹȧȖ șȓȐȗȈȓȐșȤ Ƕȕ ȚȍȘ ȓȐȟȐȒȖ ȒțȓȈȟȒȖȔ Ȑ ȗȓȈȒȈȓ Ȋșȍ ȚȐȠȍ Ȑ

ȚȐȠȍ
ǻȚȖȔȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȍȘȊȣȔ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȣȔ ȌȕȍȔ ȕȈ șțȠȍ ȒȐȚȈȑȟȖȕȖȒ ȕȍȏȈȔȍȚȕȖ
Ȍȓȧ șȍȉȧ șȒȈȚȐȓșȧ ȋȖȓȖȊȒȖȑ ȕȈ ȔȍȠȖȒ ș ȋȖșȚȐȕȞȈȔȐ Ȑ ȏȈșȕțȓ
ǹȕȐȓȈșȤ ȍȔț ȘȖȌȕȈȧ ȓȖȌȒȈ ǺȍșȕȖ Ȋ ȕȍȑ ȕȖ ȏȈȚȖ ȏȌȍșȤ ȔȈȚȤ ȌȍȌ ȖȚȍȞ ȉȘȈ-
ȚȤȧ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȗȘȖȌȈȕȕȈȧ șȍșȚȘȈ Dzț-ǵȧ ȗȖȗȘȍȎȕȍȔț ȎȐȊȍȚ Ȋ ȓȖȌȒȍ
ǬȖȉȘȣȑ ǪȈȕ-Ǫȍȑ ȘȈȏȌȈȍȚ ȋȖșȚȐȕȞȣ Ȑȏ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȋȖ-ȉȖȓȤȠȖȋȖ ȔȍȠȒȈ ǿȚȖ-ȚȖ
ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ țȓȣȉȈȧșȤ ȒȖȘȧȊȣȑ ǪȈȕ-Ǫȍȑ ȕȖ șȓȖȊ ȍȋȖ ȕȍ șȓȣȠȕȖ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ ȒȘȐȟȐȚ
ȗȚȐȞȈ — șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȒȘȐȟȐȚ Ȑ ȔȍȠȈȍȚ șȓțȠȈȚȤ ǪȈȕ-Ǫȍȧ
ǴȍȟȍȚșȧ Ȑ ȉȘȍȌȐȚ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒ ȕȈ ȋȖȓȖȑ ȏȍȔȓȍ
— ǫȌȍ ȧ ȋȌȍ" ǴȈȔȈ
ǰ ȗȖȟȍȔț-ȚȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ șȗȘȖșȖȕȤȧ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒȖȔ ȧșȕȖ-ȧșȕȖ Ȋ ȗȈȔȧȚȐ
ȊȣȗȓȣȓȈ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȈ
ǵȖȟȤ Ȋ ȓȖȌȒȍ Ƕȕ ȗȘȖȉțȎȌȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȓȖȝȔȖȚȤȧȝ ȗȖșȚȍȓȐ Ȑ șȓȣȠȐȚ ȠȍȗȖȚ
«Ǩ ǹȧȖ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȗȖȌȉȘȖșȐȚȤ Ȋ ȒȈȒțȦ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȉȖȋȈȚțȦ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȦ», — ȠȍȗȟȍȚ ȖȚȍȞ
«ȇ ȕȍ ȖȚȌȈȔ șȊȖȐȝ ȌȍȚȍȑ» — ȘȣȌȈȍȚ ȔȈȚȤ
ǰ ǹȧȖ ȚȈȒ ȏȈȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȗȘȐȎȈȚȤșȧ Ȓ ȔȈȚȍȘȐ șȖȋȘȍȚȤșȧ ȚȍȗȓȖȔ ȍȍ Țȍ-
ȓȈ ǽȖȓȖȌȕȖ-ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖ Ȋ țȚȘȍȕȕȐȍ șțȔȍȘȒȐ Ȋ ȗȖȓȍ
ǹȧȖ ȊșȒȖȟȐȓ Ȑ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ ȉȍȋȖȔ Ȋ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȦ — ȚțȌȈ ȒțȌȈ țȠȍȓ ȊȟȍȘȈ ȖȚȍȞ
«ǬȖȉȍȋț ȌȖ ȉȍȘȍȋȈ Ȑ ȗȘȧȔȖ — Ȋ ȓȖȌȒț Ȓ ȔȈȔȍ ǴȈȔȈ ȕȍ ȌȈșȚ ȖȚȞț ȉȘȖșȐȚȤ
Ȕȍȕȧ»
ǴȈȓȤȟȐȒ ȉȍȎȈȓ Ȑ șȒȊȖȏȤ șȓȍȏȣ ȚȊȍȘȌȐȓ ȖȌȕȖ Ȑ ȚȖ Ȏȍ șȓȖȊȖ
— ǴȈȔȈ ȔȈȔȈ ȔȈȔȈ
ǪȖȚ Ȑ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȧ ǯȈșȗȈȕȕȣȍ ȒȘȍșȚȤȧȕȍ ș ȔȖȚȣȋȈȔȐ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȗȓȍȟȖ țȎȍ șȚȖȧȚ ȊȖȏ-
ȓȍ șȊȖȐȝ ȜȈȕȏ Ȑȏȉ
 Ȑ ȔȖȓȟȈ ȗȖȒțȘȐȊȈȦȚ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȍ ȚȖȕȒȐȍ ȉȈȔȉțȒȖȊȣȍ ȚȘțȉ-
ȒȐ ǶȕȐ șȖȉȐȘȈȦȚșȧ ȕȈ ȗȖȓȧ
DzȐȚȈȧȕȒȐ ȍȓȍ-ȍȓȍ ȗȓȍȚțȚșȧ ȗȍȘȍȊȈȓȐȊȈȧșȤ ș ȉȖȒț ȕȈ ȉȖȒ ȕȈ șȊȖȐȝ ȒȘȖȠȍȟ-
ȕȣȝ țȘȖȌȓȐȊȣȝ ȕȖȎȒȈȝ ȒȈȒ ȕȈ ȝȖȌțȓȧȝ ǶȕȐ șȗȍȠȈȚ Ȓ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȔț ȒȖȓȖȌȞț
ȏȈ ȊȖȌȖȑ
ǵȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȍȚ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ ȕȈ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒȈ ǿȈșȚȖ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȦ ȗȘȖȉȍȋȈȦȚ
ȘȍȉȧȚȈ Ȋ șȍȓȤșȒțȦ ȠȒȖȓț ȠȒȖȓȤȕȐȒ ȚȖȘȖȗȐȚșȧ ȕȍ ȖȗȖȏȌȈȚȤ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȍ ȘȈșșȍȘ-
ȌȐȚȤ țȟȐȚȍȓȧ DzȐȚȈȑșȒȐȍ țȟȐȚȍȓȧ ȎȍșȚȖȒȖ ȕȈȒȈȏȣȊȈȦȚ ȌȍȚȍȑ ȉȈȔȉțȒȖȊȣȔȐ ȗȈȓ-
ȒȈȔȐ
ǩȣșȚȘȖ-ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȉȍȎȐȚ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒ ǪȖȚ Ȑ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȧ ȗȖȏȈȌȐ
ǪȗȍȘȍȌȐ ȉȓȍșȕțȓȈ șȍȘȍȉȘȐșȚȈȧ ȘȍȒȈ ǹȖȓȕȞȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ-ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȣȋȓȧȕțȓȖ ȒȘȈ-
ȍȠȒȖȔ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȋȖȘ ǹȧȖ șȗțșȚȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȘȍȒȍ
ǵȈȗȘȈȊȖ — ȓȖȌȒȐ ȘȣȉȈȒȖȊ ȗȓȖȊțȟȐȍ ȗȈȠȕȐ ȕȈ ȗȓȖȚȈȝ
ǵȈȓȍȊȖ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȉȣȚȤ ȖȚȞȖȊșȒȈȧ ȓȖȌȒȈ
ǵȖ ȊȖȚ Ȑ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ ȗȖȝȖȎȐȑ ȕȈ ȟȍȘȍȗȈȝț ǯȌȍșȤ ȖȚȍȞ ș șȣȕȖȔ șȖȠȓȐ ȕȈ ȉȍ-
ȘȍȋdzȖȌȒȐ ȊȖȏȓȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȒȈȔȕȧ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ
Ǫșȍ ȗȘȖȗȈȓȖ ǹȧȖ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ ȖȌȐȕ ȕȈ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȑ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȖȑ ȏȍȔȓȍ
ǰ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒ țȗȈȓ ȕȈ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ ǹȓȍȏȣ șȔȣȊȈȓȐ ȋȘȧȏȤ ș ȎȍȓȚȖȋȖ ȓȐȞȈ
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DzȈȒ ȉȣ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȕȐ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȤȍ — Ȋșȍ ȘȈȊȕȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȈșȚțȗȈȍȚ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȟȍ-
ȓȖȊȍȒ ȝȖȟȍȚ ȍșȚȤ
ǺȈȒ Ȑ ǹȧȖ ǷȘȖȋȖȓȖȌȈȓșȧ ȘȈșȠȕțȘȖȊȈȓ ȔȍȠȖȒ ȊȣȚȈȡȐȓ ȗȍȘȊțȦ ȗȖȗȈȊ-
ȠțȦșȧ ȋȈȖȓȧȕȖȊțȦ ȓȍȗȍȠȒț Ȑ ȎȈȌȕȖ ȗȘȐȕȧȓșȧ ȏȈ ȕȍȍ
«ǯȕȈȟȐȚ ȖȚȍȞ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȒțȗȐȓ ȥȚȐ ȋȖșȚȐȕȞȣ ȟȚȖȉ ȧ ȕȍ țȔȍȘ ș ȋȖȓȖȌȈ» ǰ
ȟțȊșȚȊȖ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȕȖșȚȐ ȗȘȖșȕțȓȖșȤ ț ǹȧȖ Ȓ ȖȚȞț ȉȘȖșȐȊȠȍȔț ȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȟțȎȖȔ ȉȍ-
Șȍȋț
ǹȖȓȕȞȍ ȊȣșțȠȐȓȖ șȓȍȏȣ ȕȈ ȓȐȞȍ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒȈ Ȑ Ȗȕ ș ȓȍȗȍȠȒȖȑ Ȋ ȏțȉȈȝ ȊȖȊșȍ
ȕȍ ȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȉȘȖȠȍȕȕȣȔ ȕȈ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȓ șțȌȤȉȣ
ǪǹǺǸǭǿǨ ǹ DzǸǨǹǵǶDZ ǩǶǸǶǬǶDZ
ǹȧȖ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȒȈȒ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ
— ǬȈȑ Ȑ Ȕȕȍ ȓȍȗȍȠȒț — ȘȈȏȌȈȓșȧ ȋȖȓȖș ȏȈ șȗȐȕȖȑ ǹȧȖ ȐșȗțȋȈȕȕȖ Ȗȋȓȧ-
ȕțȓșȧ
ǯȈ ȕȐȔ șȚȖȧȓ ȊȣșȖȒȐȑ ȒȐȚȈȍȞ Ȋ ȖȚȘȍȗȤȧȝ ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȗȖȝȖȎ ȉȣȓ ȕȈ șȒȍȓȍȚ
ȒȖȎȈ ȌȈ ȒȖșȚȐ
ǹȧȖ ȘȈșȒȘȣȓ ȔȍȠȖȒ Ȑ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȞț ȓȍȗȍȠȒț
ǵȍ țșȗȍȓ ǹȧȖ ȏȈȠȕțȘȖȊȈȚȤ ȔȍȠȖȒ ȒȈȒ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȍȞ țȎȍ ȗȘȖȋȓȖȚȐȓ ȓȍȗȍȠ-
Ȓț Ȑ ȗȖȚȧȕțȓșȧ ȖȗȧȚȤ Ȓ ȔȍȠȒț
ǹȧȖ ȌȈȓ ȊȚȖȘțȦ ȓȍȗȍȠȒț
— DzȖȋȖ Țȣ ȎȌȍȠȤ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȋȖȓȖȌȕȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȌȖȍȌȈȧ ȚȘȍȚȤȦ
ȓȍȗȍȠȒț
ǹȧȖ ȊșȝȓȐȗȕțȓ ȋȖȘȍ ș ȕȖȊȖȑ șȐȓȖȑ ȖȝȊȈȚȐȓȖ ȍȋȖ ǰ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒț ȏȈȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ
ȊȌȘțȋ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȚȤ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕ ȖȚȞȖȔ Ȑ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ ȍȔț ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȍȍ-
ȓȈȚȤ ȒțȌȈ ȐȌȚȐ.
ǩȘȖȌȧȋȍ șȚȈȓȖ ȎȈȓȤ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ țșȓȣȠȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȗȍȟȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȘȈșșȒȈȏ
— DzȈȒ Țȍȉȧ ȏȖȊțȚ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ Ȗȕ
— ǹȧȖ șȣȕ Dzț Ȇȕ-șțȕȈ
— ǵț ǹȧȖ șȣȕ Dzț Ȇȕ-șțȕȈ ȏȖȊȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȘȖșȚȖ «ȝțȕ-ȝț-ȏȖȔ» ǺȈȒ Ȕȍȕȧ ȏȖ-
ȊțȚ Ȑ ȌȘțȏȤȧ ȏȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȧ Ȋ ȔȖȓȖȌȖșȚȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȉȣȓ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȣȔ Ȑ șȐȓȤȕȣȔ ȘȈȏ-
ȉȖȑȕȐȟȈȓ
ǹȧȖ șȚȈȓȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ Ƕȕ ȔȕȖȋȖ șȓȣȠȈȓ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȖȊ Ȗ ȝțȕȝțȏȈȝ ǽțȕ — ȥȚȖ ȏȕȈ-
ȟȐȚ ȒȘȈșȕȣȑ ȝțȏ — ȉȖȘȖȌȈ Ǫ șȚȈȘȐȕț ȖȕȐ ȕȈȞȍȗȓȧȓȐ ȒȘȈșȕȣȍ ȉȖȘȖȌȣ ȟȚȖȉȣ
ȉȣȚȤ șȚȘȈȠȕȍȍ ǰ ȘȈșȒȘȈȠȍȕȕȣȍ ș ȕȈȞȍȗȓȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȒȘȈșȕȣȔȐ ȉȖȘȖȌȈȔȐ ȖȕȐ
ȕȈȗȈȌȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȉȖȋȈȚȣȝ ȒțȗȞȖȊ
ǹȧȖ ȚȈȒ ȐșȗțȋȈȓșȧ ȟȚȖ ȌȈȎȍ ȖȚȖȌȊȐȕțȓșȧ ȗȖȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȖȚ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȞȈ ȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȑ ȚȖȎȍ ȗȘȐșȍȓ ȕȈ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ ǰ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒ șȗȘȧȚȈȓ ȔȍȠȖȒ ș ȋȖșȚȐȕȞȈȔȐ ȏȈ șȗȐȕț
DzȘȈșȕȈȧ ȉȖȘȖȌȈ ȘȈșșȔȍȧȓșȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȒȈȒ ǹȧȖ ȗȘȧȟȍȚ ȔȍȠȖȒ
— ǵȍ ȗȘȧȟȤ ȕȍ ȉȖȑșȧ ǹȧȖ șȣȕ Dzț Ȇȕ-șțȕȈ ǽȖȚȤ Ȑ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȧ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȦșȤ
ȕȖ Țȍȉȧ ȕȍ ȖȉȐȎț ȅ-ȥȝ ȍșȓȐ ȉ ȏȕȈȓ ȧ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ȚȊȖȍ ȋȖȘȦȠȒȖ ȚȖ Ȑ ȋȖȓȖȌȕȣȑ ȕȍ

136
șȢȍȓ ȉȣ ȓȍȗȍȠȒȐ — Țȍȉȍ ȕțȎȕȍȍ Ǩ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȓ Ȍȍȓț Țȣ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ Ȕȍ-
ȠȖȒ ȏȕȈȍȠȤ ȓȐ Țȣ ȚȖȓȒȖȔ ȟȚȖ Țȍȉȍ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓ ȖȚȍȞ" ǵȍȚ" ǵț ȗȖȒȈȎȐ-ȒȈ Ȕȕȍ
ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȉȘȖȌȧȎȒȈ șȊȖȍ ȉȖȋȈȚșȚȊȖ
ǰ DzȘȈșȕȈȧ ȉȖȘȖȌȈ ȚȈȒ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ țȓȣȉȕțȓșȧ ȟȚȖ ȔȐȋȖȔ ț ǹȧȖ ȘȈșșȍȧȓȐșȤ Ȋșȍ
șȚȘȈȝȐ
— ǸȈȏȊȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȑ ǸȈȏȊȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȑ
Ǫ ȔȍȠȒȍ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȌȍșȧȚȒȈ ȌȊȈ ȓȍȗȍȠȍȒ Ȑ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȓȈȌȒȐȝ ȘȐșȖȊȣȝ ȗȐ-
ȘȖȎȒȖȊ ȏȈȔȖȚȈȕȕȣȝ Ȋ ȉȈȔȉțȒȖȊȣȍ ȓȐșȚȤȧ ǵȈ Ȍȕȍ ȔȍȠȒȈ ȓȍȎȈȓȐ șȊȧȏȒȐ Ȍȍȕȍȋ
Ȑ ȌȊȈ ȗȐșȤȔȈ
— Ƕ ȌȈ Țȣ ȌȘțȎȖȒ ȉȖȋȈȚȍȑ — ȊșȒȘȐȟȈȓ DzȘȈșȕȈȧ ȉȖȘȖȌȈ ȗȖȚȘȧșȈȧ Ȋ ȊȖȏ-
Ȍțȝȍ șȊȧȏȒȈȔȐ ȔȖȕȍȚ
ǹȘȍȌȐ ȉȍȌȕȧȒȖȊ-ȒȐȚȈȑȞȍȊ ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ Ȋ ȝȖȌț ȒȘțȋȓȣȍ ȔȍȌȕȣȍ ȔȖȕȍȚȒȐ ș Ȍȣ-
ȘȖȟȒȈȔȐ ȗȖșȘȍȌȐȕȍ ǯȈ șȍȘȍȉȘȧȕȣȑ ȘțȉȓȤ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȗȖȓțȟȐȚȤ ȌȖ   ȚȈȒȐȝ ȔȖ-
ȕȍȚȖȒ ǶȉȣȟȕȖ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȣ ȕȈȕȐȏȣȊȈȦȚ Ȑȝ ȒȈȒ ȉțșȣ ȕȈ ȊȍȘȍȊȒț Ȑ șȊȧȏȣȊȈȦȚ ȠȚțȒ
ȗȖ - ȟȚȖȉȣ țȌȖȉȕȍȍ ȕȖșȐȚȤ
— Ǩ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȊȖȏȤȔȍȔșȧ ȏȈ ȗȐșȤȔȈ ȇ-ȚȖ ȊȍȌȤ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȋȘȈȔȖȚȕȣȑ
ȅȚȐ ȗȐșȤȔȈ ȊȐȌȐȔȖ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȈȗȐșȈȕȣ țȎȍ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȚȈȑȕȖ ȖȚ șȍȔȤȐ ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȕȐ-
ȉțȌȤ ȓȖȌȖȟȕȣȔ ȋȘȈȔȖȚȍȍȔ șȈȔ Dzț Ȇȕ-șțȕ ȉȣȓ ȕȍȋȘȈȔȖȚȍȕ
— Ǫ ȥȚȖȔ ȒȖȕȊȍȘȚȍ ȚȊȖȑ ȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚ ǩȍȘȍȋȐ ȍȋȖ — Ȑ DzȘȈșȕȈȧ ȉȖȘȖȌȈ ȗȘȖȚȧ-
ȕțȓ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȒȖȕȊȍȘȚ
— Ǩ ȥȚȖ — ȗȐșȤȔȖ Țȍȉȍ ȖȚ ȖȚȞȈ
«ǴȖȑ ȌȖȘȖȋȖȑ șȣȕ ȇ Țȍȉȧ ȖșȚȈȊȓȧȦ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț ǵȖ Țȣ ȕȍ ȊȐȕȐ șȚȈ-
ȘȖȋȖ ȉȍȌȕȖȋȖ ȖȚȞȈ ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ ȧ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȌȈȓ ȚȊȖȦ șȍșȚȘț Dzț-ǵȦ Ȑ ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓ Țȍȉȧ
ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȚȖ Ȋșȍ Ȕȣ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȔȈȚȍȘȤȦ Ȑ șȚȈȘȣȔ ȌȍȌȖȔ țȔȍȘȓȐ ȉȣ ș ȋȖȓȖȌȈ
DzȖȋȌȈ Țȣ ȖșȚȈȕȍȠȤșȧ ȖȌȐȕȖȒȐȔ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț ȕȍ ȗțȋȈȑșȧ ǰȌȐ Ȋ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȦ ȋȌȍ
Ȕȣ ȒțȗȐȓȐ șȍȚȤ Ǫ ȥȚȖȑ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȍ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȉȖȋȈȚȣȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ Ȑ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȒȚȖ-ȕȐ-
ȉțȌȤ ȉȍȏȌȍȚȕȣȑ ȊȖȏȤȔȍȚ Țȍȉȧ Ȋ ȗȘȐȍȔȕȣȍ șȣȕȖȊȤȧ ȐȓȐ Ȏȍ Ȋ țȟȍȕȐȒȐ Ǻȣ ȕȈ-
țȟȐȠȤșȧ ȗȓȍșȚȐ ȕȍȊȖȌȈ Ȑ șȍȚȐ ȥȚȖ ȝȖȘȖȠȐȑ Ȑ ȗȘȐȉȣȓȤȕȣȑ ȚȘțȌ
DzȖȋȌȈ Țȣ ȗȖȌȘȈșȚȍȠȤ Ȑ șȒȖȗȐȠȤ ȌȍȕȤȎȈȚ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȓȧȑșȧ Ȋ ȀȈȕȝȈȑ ǺȈȔ ȔȕȖ-
ȋȖ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȍȚ Ȋ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȝ-ȉȖȓȤȠȐȝ ȜȈȕȏȈȝ ȌȖȔȈȝ
 ȕȈ ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕȕȣȝ ȜȈȉȘȐ-
ȒȈȝ ǺȈȔ Ȏȍ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȍȚ ȚȊȖȧ șȍșȚȘȈ ȕȈ ȧȗȖȕșȒȖȑ ȠȍȓȒȖȗȘȧȌȐȓȤȕȖȑ ȜȈȉȘȐȒȍ DzȐ-
ȕț-ȕȖ-ǻȟȐ ǶȚȣȡȐ ȍȍ Ȑ ȗȖȔȖȋȈȑȚȍ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȎȒȍ
ǩțȌȤ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȊȖ ȊșȍȔ ȉȍȘȍȎȓȐȊ ȕȍ ȊȐȕȐ Ȉ ȗȖȟȐȚȈȑ șȊȖȐȝ ȉȍȌȕȣȝ ȘȖȌȐȚȍ-
ȓȍȑ ȉȘȖșȐȊȠȐȝ Țȍȉȧ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȕțȎȌȣ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȑ
ǺȊȖȑ ȖȚȍȞ Dzț Ȇȕ-șțȕ».
ǹȓȍȏȣ ȒȈȚȐȓȐșȤ ȗȖ ȓȐȞț ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒȈ ȗȖȒȈ DzȘȈșȕȈȧ ȉȖȘȖȌȈ ȟȐȚȈȓ ȖȚȞȖȊșȒȖȍ
ȗȐșȤȔȖ
— ǯȕȈȍȠȤ ȟȚȖ ǹȧȖ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȗȘȖȟȍȓ ȥȚȖ ȗȐșȤȔȖ Ȕȕȍ ȍȡȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ
ȎȈȓȒȖ Țȍȉȧ ǷȖȊȍȘȤ Ȕȕȍ ȕȍ ȝȖȌȐ Ȋ ȥȚț ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚțȦ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȦ ǺȈȔ Țȣ ȕȍ ȕȈȑȌȍȠȤ
ȘȈȉȖȚȣ ǷȖșȓțȠȈȑ Ȕȍȕȧ ȐȌȐ ȗȘȧȔȖ Ȋ ȀȈȕȝȈȑ Ǫ ȥȚȖȔ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȖȔ ȋȖȘȖȌȍ ȔȕȖ-
ȋȖ-ȔȕȖȋȖ ȓȦȌȍȑ Ȑ Ȍȓȧ Țȍȉȧ ȚȈȔ ȕȈȑȌȍȚșȧ ȋȖȘșȚȖȟȒȈ ȗȐȡȐ Ȑ ȒȘȖȊ Ǩ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ,
Țȣ ȖȚȣȡȍȠȤ șȍșȚȘȍȕȒț ǭȑ ȓȍȋȟȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ș ȚȖȉȖȑ

137
ǹȚȈȘȣȑ ȉȣȊȈȓȣȑ ȉȘȖȌȧȋȈ Ȑ ȉȍȏȌȖȔȕȣȑ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȟȍȘȈ ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȊșȚț-
ȗȐȊȠȐȑ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ ȘȍȠȐȓȐ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ȗȖȑȚȐ ȕȈ ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȗȖȉȍȘȍȎȕțȦ ȌȖȘȖȋț Ȋȍ-
ȌțȡțȦ Ȋ ȀȈȕȝȈȑ
ǪȍșȤ ȌȍȕȤ ȠȓȐ DzȘȈșȕȈȧ ȉȖȘȖȌȈ Ȑ ǹȧȖ ȗȖ ȗȣȓȤȕȖȑ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȀȈȕ-
ȝȈȧǷȖȌ ȊȍȟȍȘ șȚȘȈȕȕȐȒȐ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȐșȤ ȗȍȘȍȒțșȐȚȤ ȊȖȏȓȍ ȔȖșȚȈ ȗȖȌ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ
ȎțȘȟȈȓ ȉȣșȚȘȣȑ ȘțȟȍȍȒ ș ȟȐșȚȖȑ ȒȓȦȟȍȊȖȑ ȊȖȌȖȑ
ǹȧȖ țȓȍȋșȧ ȕȐȟȒȖȔ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ Ȑ ȎȈȌȕȖ ȗȘȐȓȤȕțȓ ȋțȉȈȔȐ Ȓ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖȑ ȊȖȌȍ DzȘȈș-
ȕȈȧ ȉȖȘȖȌȈ ȕȈȉȐȘȈȓ ȊȖȌț Ȋ ȋȖȘșȚȤ Ȑ ȗȖȌȕȖșȐȓ ȍȍ ȒȖ ȘȚț
ǵǰȁǰDZ ǵǨ ǹǶǩǨDzǨǽ ǰ ǴǨdzȄǿǰDz ǹ ǶǩǭǯȄȇǵDzǶDZ
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖȑȌȍȕȕȈȧ ȌȖȘȖȋȈ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȊȐȌȕȈ ȖȚșȦȌȈ ȖȕȈ ȐȏȊȐȊȈȧșȤ
ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓȈșȤ Ȋșȍ ȊȣȠȍ Ȑ ȊȣȠȍ ȔȖșȚ Ȏȍ ș ȘțȟȍȑȒȖȔ ȓȍȎȈȓ ȕȈ șȈȔȖȔ ȕȐȏț Ȋ
ȖȊȘȈȎȒȍ
ǷȖȥȚȖȔț ȒȖȋȌȈ șȊȍȘȝț ȗȖ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ șȚȘȈȕȕȈȧ ȗȘȐȟțȌȓȐȊȈȧ ȋȘțȗ-
ȗȈ ǹȧȖ ȓȍȋȒȖ ȔȖȋ ȍȍ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȐȚȤ
Ǫ ȌȍȘȍȊȧȕȕȖȑ ȚȍȓȍȎȒȍ ȏȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȕȖȑ ȊȖșȤȔȍȘȒȖȑ șȖȉȈȒ șȘȍȌȐ ȖȚȘȍȗȤȍȊ Ȑ
ȊșȧȒȖȋȖ ȝȓȈȔȈ ȘȈșȒȈȟȐȊȈȓȈșȤ ȜȐȋțȘȈ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȖȉȘțȉȒȈ — șȚȈȘȐȒȈ ȉȍȏ
ȕȖȋ ǪȖȒȘțȋ ȒȈȓȍȒȐ Ȋ ȕȍțȒȓȦȎȍȔ ȗȘȖșȚȖȘȕȖȔ ȒȖȘȖȉȍ ȚȍȓȍȋȐ ȉȈȘȈȝȚȈȓȐșȤ ȓȖȝ-
ȔȈȚȣȍ șȓȍȗȣȍ ȡȍȕȒȐ ȗȖ ȉȖȒȈȔ Ȑ șȏȈȌȐ ȗȖȊȖȏȒȐ ȗȓȍȓȖșȤ ȍȡȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȗșȖȊ
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȈȊȤȦȟȍȕȣ ȒȖȚȖȔȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȔȍȠȒȈȔȐ
ǵȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȖȌȈȓȤ șȖȉȈȟȤȍȋȖ ȒȈȘȈȊȈȕȈ ȍȌȊȈ ȗȖșȗȍȊȈȓ ȚȖȡȐȑ ȒȐȚȈȑȟȖȕȖȒ
Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ ȕȈȋȘțȎȍȕ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȔȐ ȠȍșȚȈȔȐ ȊȍȘȍȊȖȟȕȖȑ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȍȑ ȧȡȐȒȖȔ ȟȍȘȍȏ
ȗȓȍȟȖ Ȑ ȞȊȍȚȕȣȔȐ ȗȖȉȘȧȒțȠȒȈȔȐ
ȀȍșȚȊȐȍ ȏȈȔȣȒȈȓȈ ȕȈȘȧȌȕȈȧ ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕȒȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȉȍȎȈȓȈ ȗȖȌȗȘȣȋȐȊȈȧ ȏȈ
ȒȐȚȈȑȟȖȕȒȖȔ
ǹȧȖ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ șȚȘȈȕȕțȦ ȋȘțȗȗț ǶȕȈ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒț ȕȈșȚȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȖȑ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȘȈșȚȍȘȧȓșȧ
DzȘȈșȕȈȧ ȉȖȘȖȌȈ Ȋ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȖȌȘȍȔȣȊȈȓ șȐȌȧ ȕȈ ȒȖȘȚȖȟȒȈȝ
— DzȘȈșȕȈȧ ȉȖȘȖȌȈ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ" — ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒ ȌȍȘȕțȓ ȏȈ ȓȖȝȔȖȚȤȧ ȉȘȖȌȧȋț Ȑ
țȒȈȏȈȓ ȗȈȓȤȞȍȔ ȕȈ ȌȖȘȖȋț ǫȓȈȏȈ ǹȧȖ ȉȣȓȐ ȘȈșȠȐȘȍȕȣ ȕȍ ȚȖ ȖȚ ȐșȗțȋȈ ȕȍ ȚȖ
ȖȚ ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȐȧ
DzȘȈșȕȈȧ ȉȖȘȖȌȈ ȗȘȖȚȍȘ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȖȚȠȈȚȕțȓșȧ ȖȚ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖ ȏȈ-
țȓȣȉȈȓșȧ
— ǹțȕ ǯȌȘȈȊșȚȊțȑ «ȗȍșȐȑ ȔȈȕȌȈȘȐȕ» ǶȚȒțȌȈ Ȑ ȒțȌȈ"— ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ Ȗȕ
ǶȉȘțȉȖȒ ȚȖȎȍ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȒȘȐȟȈȓ ȉȍȏȏțȉȣȔ ȘȚȖȔ țȓȣȉȈȓșȧ Ȑ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖ ȒȐȊȈȓ ȋȖ-
ȓȖȊȖȑ
ǶȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȗȍȠȐȑ ȉȘȖȌȧȋȈ DzȘȈșȕȈȧ ȉȖȘȖȌȈ Ȑ ȉȍȏȕȖȋȐȑ șȚȈȘȐȒ ȉȘȖȌȧȋȈ ȕȈ
șȖȉȈȒȈȝ ȉȣȓȐ ȌȈȊȕȐȠȕȐȔȐ ȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȧȔȐ ǸȈȌȐ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖȑ ȊșȚȘȍȟȐ ǹțȕ,
ȒȈȒ ȏȊȈȓȐ ȉȍȏȕȖȋȖȋȖ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ Ȑ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒ dzȐ-ǺȈȑ ȈȒȘȖȉȈȚ ș ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕȒȖȑ ȖșȚȈȕȖ-

ȊȐȓȐșȤ ț ȔȖșȚȈ
ǺȈȒ Ȑ ȘȍȠȐȓȐ ȉȍȏȌȖȔȕȐȒȐ ȖȚȌȖȝȕțȚȤ Ȑ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȕȖȟȍȊȈȚȤ ȊșȍȔ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ȊȖȏȓȍ ȘțȟȍȑȒȈ
— ǪȖȚ Ȑ ȋȖȘȧȟȐȑ ȟȈȍȒ ȉțȌȍȚ — ȗȘȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ
DzȘȈșȕȈȧ ȉȖȘȖȌȈ ȏȈȊȐȌȧ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȟȈȑȕȐȒ ȗȘȐ-
ȊȧȏȈȕȕȣȑ Ȓ șȗȐȕȍ ȖȌȕȖȑ Ȑȏ șȖȉȈȒ.
ǵȖ ǹȧȖ ȕȍ șȓȣȠȈȓ șȓȖȊ șȗțȚȕȐȒȈ Ƕȕ șȔȖȚ-
Șȍȓ ȕȈ șȔȍȠȕȖȋȖ ȏȊȍȘȤȒȈ — ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕȒț Ȋ ȊȣȞȊȍȚ-
Ƞȍȑ ȓȐȓȖȊȖȑ ȘțȉȈȠȖȕȒȍ ș ȉțȉȍȕȞȈȔȐ ȕȈ Ƞȍȍ
ǶȉȍȏȤȧȕȒȈ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȗȘȐȊȣȒȓȈ Ȓ șȖȉȈ-
ȒȈȔ Ȑȏ șȊȖȘȣ ǹțȕȈ Ȑ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȓȈ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ Ȑȝ
șȖșȍȌșȚȊȈ ǵȖ ȊȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ Ȗș-
ȔȍȓȍȊȠȈȧ șȖȉȈȒȈ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȐȓȈ țȎ ȉȖȓȤȕȖ ȉȓȐȏȒȖ
Ȓ ȕȍȑ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȖȕȦȝȈȚȤ ȍȍ șȏȈȌȐ ȗȖ șȖȉȈȟȤȍȔț
ȖȉȣȟȈȦ ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕȒȈ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ ȖȉȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȓȈșȤ
Ȑ ȔȍȚȒȖ ȉȐȓȈ ȗȖ ȔȖȘȌȍ ȐȓȐ ȗȖ țȝț ȟȍȚȊȍȘȖȕȖ-
ȋȖȋȖ ȕȈȝȈȓȈ
ǸȈșȗȘȈȊȈ ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕȒȐ ș șȖȉȈȒȈȔȐ ȏȈȉȈȊȓȧȓȈ
ǹȧȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȊșȍȋȖ
ǺȍȔ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȍȔ ț șȚȈȘȐȒȈ ȏȈȒȐȗȍȓȈ șȊȖȧ ȘȈ-
ȉȖȚȈ Ƕȕ ȖșȚȈȊȈȧșȤ Ȋ ȚȍȓȍȎȒȍ ȘȈșȗȘȧȋ țȗȘȧȎ-
ȕȣȝ șȖȉȈȒ ǹȖȉȈȒȐ-ȕȖșȐȓȤȡȐȒȐ ȗȖȌșȚțȗȐȓȐ Ȓ
șȈȔȖȑ ȚȍȓȍȎȒȍ ȓȖȎȐȓȐșȤ ȗȖȌ ȍȍ ȉȖȘȚȈȔȐ Ȑ ǹțȕ

139
ȘȈȏȊȧȏȣȊȈȓ ȊȍȘȍȊȒȐ ȖșȊȖȉȖȎȌȈȧ Ȑȝ ȖȚ ȕȖȠȐ
ǷȖ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ șȔȍȠȕȖȑ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȍ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ ȗȖȝȖȎȍȑ ȕȈ ȒȈȠȍȓȤ șȖȉȈȒȐ ȊȌȘțȋ
ȘȈșșȣȗȈȓȐșȤ ȗȖ ȖȒȘȍșȚȕȖșȚȧȔ ǿȍȘȍȏ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȖȕȐ șȖ Ȋșȍȝ ȒȖȕȞȖȊ ȕȍ-
șȓȐ Ȋ ȏțȉȈȝ ȌȖȉȣȟț — ȡȍȗȒȐ ȊȈȓȍȎȕȐȒ șțȟȤȧ
— ǹȔȖȚȘȐ-ȒȈ ǹȧȖ ȒȈȒ șȖȉȈȒȐ ȗȖȔȖȋȈȦȚ ǹțȕț ȅȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȕȍșțȚ ȚȖȗȓȐȊȖ ȕȈ ȒȖ-
șȚȍȘ — ȗȖȧșȕȧȓ DzȘȈșȕȈȧ ȉȖȘȖȌȈ
Ǫșȍ ȌȍȓȈȓȐ șȖȉȈȒȐ ȏȈ ȉȍȏȕȖȋȖȋȖ ǹțȕȈ Ȑ ȍȔț ȖșȚȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȖȊȈȚȤ
șȊȖȍȑ ȗȍșȤȍȑ ȈȘȚȍȓȤȦ Ȑ ȘȈșȗȘȍȌȍȓȧȚȤ ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȗȖȘțȟȍȕȐȧ ȔȍȎȌț șȔȣȠȓȍ-
ȕȣȔȐ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȖȕȖȋȐȔȐ ȘȈȉȖȚȕȐȒȈȔȐ
ǪșȒȖȘȍ ȗȖȌ ȔȖșȚȖȔ ț șȈȔȖȋȖ ȘțȟȤȧ ȋȌȍ șȖȉȘȈȓȐșȤ ȉȘȖȌȧȋȐ ȊȍșȍȓȖ ȗȖȚȘȍ-
șȒȐȊȈȓ ȒȖșȚȍȘ ȕȈȌ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȗȖȒȈȟȐȊȈȓșȧ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȗȘȖȒȖȗȟȍȕȕȣȑ ȟȈȑȕȐȒ
ǹȧȖ țȎȍ țȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ șȚȈȘȐȒ ǹțȕ Ȑ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒ-ȈȒȘȖȉȈȚ dzȐ-ǺȈȑ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖ ȊșȚȘȍ-
ȚȐȓȐșȤ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȕȍȑ ȕȈȏȈȌ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȑ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ Ȑ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȧȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȀȈȕȝȈȑ
Ǩ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȟȈȑ ȊșȒȐȗȍȓ ǹțȕ șȖȋȓȈșȐȓșȧ ȊȏȧȚȤ șȍȉȍ Ȋ ȗȖȗțȚȟȐȒȐ Ȑ ǹȧȖ ǻ ȉȍȌ-
ȕȣȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȓȍȋȒȖ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦȚ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋȈ ȚȈȒȐȍ ȌȍȓȈ ȘȍȠȈȦȚșȧ șȘȈȏț
ȍșȓȐ ȕțȎȕȖ ȗȖȔȖȟȤ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ ȗȖȔȖȋȈȑ ȟȍȔ ȔȖȎȍȠȤ
— ǪȖȚ Țȍȉȍ Ȑ șȗțȚȕȐȒȐ ȔȈȓȤȟȖȕȒȈ — ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖ ȗȘȖȔȖȓȊȐȓ DzȘȈșȕȈȧ ȉȖȘȖ-
ȌȈ ǪșȒȖȘȍ ț ȒȖșȚȘȈ Ƞȍȓ ȗȐȘ ȋȖȘȖȑ ǷȘȈȊȌȈ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȗȐȘ ȕȐȡȐȝ ȉȘȖȌȧȋ ǻ șȚȈ-
ȘȐȒȈ ǹțȕȈ ȕȈȠȓȈșȤ ȗȘȐȗȘȧȚȈȕȕȈȧ Ȋ Țȍȓȍȋȍ ȗȖȌ ȓȖȝȔȖȚȤȧȔȐ ȉțȚȣȓȒȈ ȋȈȖȓȧȕȖ-
ȊȖȑ ȊȖȌȒȐ «ȝȈȕȠȐȕ» ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ Ȑ ȘȈșȗȐȓȐ ȊȏȘȖșȓȣȍ ȏȈȒțșȣȊȈȧ șțȠȍȕȖȑ ȔȖȘș-
ȒȖȑ ȒȈȗțșȚȖȑ Ȑ ȓȈșȚȖȟȒȐȕȣȔȐ ȋȕȍȏȌȈȔȐ
dzȐ-ǺȈȑ ȐȏȊȓȍȒ Ȑȏ ȗȖȝȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȧȡȐȒȈ ȏȈșȈȝȈȘȍȕȕȣȑ ȎȈȘȍȕȣȑ ȧȟȔȍȕȤ Ȑ ȉȖȉȣ Ȋ
ȗȈȚȖȒȍ Ȉ ǹȧȖ ȘȍȠȐȓșȧ ȗȖ ȚȈȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȦ ȘȈșȗȖȚȘȖȠȐȚȤ Ȑȏ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȝ ȉȈȔȉțȒȖ-
Ȋȣȝ ȓȐșȚȤȍȊ șȌȖȉȕȣȍ ȗȐȘȖȋȐ Ȑȏ ȓȐȗȒȖȋȖ ȘȐșȈ
ǯȈ ȟȈȍȔ ȗȖ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȍȕȐȦ DzȘȈșȕȖȑ ȉȖȘȖȌȣ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ Ȑȏ șȗțȚȕȐȒȖȊ ȗȖ Ȗȟȍ-
ȘȍȌȐ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ Ȗ șȊȖȍȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ
— ȇ ȗȖȒȐȕț ȊȈș — șȒȈȏȈȓ DzȘȈșȕȈȧ ȉȖȘȖȌȈ — Ȉ ȊȈȔ ȚȘȖȐȔ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȗȘȐȌȍȚșȧ
ȊȔȍșȚȍ ȉȘȍșȚȐ ȌȖ ȀȈȕȝȈȧ ǪȖȚ ȗȖȟȍȔț Ȋȣ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȏȕȈȚȤ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋȈ
ǷȍȘȊȣȔ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ Ȗ șȍȉȍ ȒȈȓȍȒȈ ǹțȕ ǰ ȔȕȖȋȖȍ țȏȕȈȓ ǹȧȖ ȖȚ șȓȖȊȖȖȝȖȚ-
ȓȐȊȖȋȖ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ
ǹțȕ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ ȒȈȒ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȓȍȚ ȉȓțȎȌȈȍȚ Ȗȕ ȗȖ ȔȐȘț ȕȐȡȐȔ — ș Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ,
ȒȈȒ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȣȑ ȗȈȘȖȊȖȏ «ȉȍȓȣȝ ȌȤȧȊȖȓȖȊ» — ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕȞȍȊ — ȗȍȘȍȘȍȏȈȓ ȍȔț Ȗȉȍ
ȕȖȋȐ
ǮȐȊțȟȐȑ Ȑ șȔȣȠȓȍȕȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ-ȖȉȘțȉȖȒ ȖȒȘțȎȐȓ șȍȉȧ ȚȈȒȐȔȐ Ȏȍ ȒȈȒ șȈȔ,
ȕȐȒȖȔț ȕȍ ȕțȎȕȣȔȐ ȉȘȖȌȧȟȐȔȐ șȖȉȈȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȊȣȌȘȍșșȐȘȖȊȈȓ Ȑȝ Ȍȓȧ șȊȖȐȝ ȕțȎȌ.
ǪȖȚ țȎ ȗȖȐșȚȐȕȍ «ȊșȧȒȈȧ șȖȉȈȒȈ ȏȕȈȍȚ» ǹțȕȈ ǷȖ ȊșȍȔț ȇȕ-Ǿȏȣ-Ǿȏȧȕț Ȑ
ȌȈȎȍ Ȋ ȌȈȓȍȒȖȑ ǴȈȕȟȎțȘȐȐ ȘȖȌȐȕȍ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȌȘțȏȤȧ șȖȚȕȐ Ȑ șȖȚȕȐ șȖ-
ȉȈȒ DzȐȚȈȑȞȣ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȦȚ ȠțȚȧ ǹțȕȈ «DzȖȟȍȊȖȑ ȗȍșȐȑ ȔȈȕȌȈȘȐȕ» ȔȈȕȌȈ-
ȘȐȕ — ȥȚȖ ȊȈȎȕȣȑ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȑ ȟȐȕȖȊȕȐȒ

ǺȣșȧȟȐ ȒȐȓȖȔȍȚȘȖȊ ȊȌȖȓȤ Ȑ ȗȖȗȍȘȍȒ ȗȖ ȗȖȓȧȔ Ȑ ȟȍȘȍȏ șȖȗȒȐ ȐȏȉȖȘȖȏȌȐȓ
ȒȈȓȍȒȈ ȕȈ șȊȖȐȝ ȗșȈȝ
ǻ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ Ȍȓȧ ȒȈȎȌȖȑ ȊșȚȘȍȟȕȖȑ șȖȉȈȒȐ Ȋ ȏȈȗȈșȍ ȌȘțȎȍșȒȖȍ șȓȖȊȖ ȌȖȉȘȣȑ
ȊȏȋȓȧȌ ȓȈșȒȖȊȣȑ ȗȘȐȊȍȚ ȊȒțșȕȈȧ ȒȖșȚȤ ȐȓȐ ȓȖȔȖȚȤ ȝȓȍȉȈ Ǭȓȧ ȊșȧȒȖȋȖ ȗșȈ șȊȖȧ
ȒȓȐȟȒȈ ȖșȖȉȈȧ ȏȈȚȍȧ ȖȚȓȐȟȕȈȧ ȠțȚȒȈ ǻȗȘȧȎȕȣȍ șȖȉȈȒȐ Ȑ șȖȉȈȒȐ- ȕȖșȐȓȤ-

140
ȡȐȒȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȖȌȖȉȘȈȕȣ ȐȔ ȡȍȕȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȊȍȘȕȖ șȓțȎȐȓȐ ȍȔț ǵȈ ȗȘȐȊȈȓȈȝ ǹțȕ
ȊșȚțȗȈȓ ș ȕȐȔȐ Ȋ ȉȍșȍȌț DzȘȖȔȍ ȗȘȐȏȣȊȕȖȋȖ ȋȖȘȓȖȊȖȋȖ ȒȘȐȒȈ Ȑ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȣ ȗȖ-
ȝȖȎȍȑ ȕȈ ȒȈȠȍȓȤ — «ȏȈ șțȟȤȧȔȐ» ț șȚȈȘȐȒȈ ȉȣȓȖ ȔȕȖȋȖ «șȓȖȊ» Ȍȓȧ șȖȉȈȒ
ȊȖșȒȓȐȞȈȕȐȧ ȊȣșȊȐșȚȣ ȗȖșȚțȒȐ ȟȔȖȒȈȕȤȍ ȞȣȞȒȈȕȐȍ Ȑ ȌȘ. ǰ șȖȉȈȒȐ ȖȝȖȚȕȖ
șȓțȠȈȓȐ Ȑ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȓȐ ȍȋȖ
ǻȎȍ șȚȍȔȕȍȓȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȓ ȘȈșșȒȈȏț șȊȖȍȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȗȘȐșȚțȗȐȓ dzȐ-ǺȈȑ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒ-
ȈȒȘȖȉȈȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț Ƞȍȓ țȎȍ ȚȘȐȕȈȌȞȈȚȣȑ ȋȖȌ
ǸȖȌȐȓșȧ dzȐ-ǺȈȑ ȉȓȐȏ ǮȍȓȚȖȑ ȘȍȒȐ — ǽțȈȕȤ-ǽȖ ȅȚȖ — ȊȚȖȘȈȧ ȗȖ ȊȍȓȐȟȐȕȍ
ȗȖșȓȍ ǫȖȓțȉȖȑ ȘȍȒȐ — ȇȕ-Ǿȏȣ-ǾȏȧȕȈ
 ȘȍȒȈ Ȋ DzȐȚȈȍ ǶȕȈ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȊȗȈȌȈȍȚ Ȋ ǺȐ-
ȝȐȑ ȖȒȍȈȕ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ǫȖȓțȉȈȧ ȘȍȒȈ ȕȖ șȍȊȍȘȕȍȍ ȍȍ ǹȚȘȈȠȕȈȧ ȥȚȖ ȘȍȒȈ Ȋ ȕȈȘȖȌȍ ȍȍ
ȏȈ ȕȍȗȖșȚȖȧȕșȚȊȖ ȏȖȊțȚ «ǷȍȟȈȓȤȦ DzȐȚȈȧ» ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ ȔȍȕȧȍȚ șȊȖȍ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍ-
ȕȐȍ Ȑ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȊȖȌȈ șȕȖșȐȚ Ȋșȍ ȕȈ șȊȖȍȔ ȗțȚȐ — ȒȘȍșȚȤȧȕșȒȐȍ ȝȖȏȧȑșȚȊȈ ȗȖȓȧ șȖȚ-
ȕȐ ȌȍȘȍȊȍȕȤ ȚȣșȧȟȐ ȓȦȌȍȑ Ȑ șȒȖȚ
ǺȈȔ ȋȌȍ ȚȍȟȍȚ ȘȍȒȈ ȕȈ ȔȕȖȋȖ-ȔȕȖȋȖ ȒȐȓȖȔȍȚȘȖȊ ȒȘțȋȖȔ ȓȍȎȐȚ «ȎȍȓȚȈȧ ȏȍȔ-
ȓȧ» ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ «ȓȍșșȖȔ»...
ǭșȚȤ ȟȍȘȕȈȧ ȏȍȔȓȧ — ȟȍȘȕȖȏȍȔ ȓȍșș Ȏȍ — ȥȚȖ ȎȍȓȚȖȏȍȔ ȎȐȘȕȈȧ ȗȓȖȌȖȘȖȌ-
ȕȍȑȠȈȧ ȏȍȔȓȧ
ǵȖ ȚȈȒȈȧ ȏȍȔȓȧ ȚȘȍȉțȍȚ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȊȓȈȋȐ ǪȖȚ ȗȖȟȍȔț Ȋșȧ ȘȖȌȐȕȈ dzȐ-ǺȈȧ ȊȌȖȓȤ Ȑ
ȗȖȗȍȘȍȒ ȐȏȘȍȏȈȕȈ ȒȈȕȈȊȈȔȐ ȊȖȌȖȍȔȈȔȐ ȒȈȕȈȓȈȔȐ Ȑ ȊȖȌȕȣȔȐ ȉȈșșȍȑȕȈȔȐ
ǰ ȚȈȔ ȍșȚȤ ȖșȖȉȣȍ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȐ ȒȈȒȐȝ ȕȍȚ ȊȖ ȊșȍȔ ȔȐȘȍ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȐ ȗȖȌ ȏȍȔȓȍȑ
ǮȍȓȚȖȏȍȔ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȒȘȍȗȖȒ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȍ ȗȖȝȖȘȖȕȐȚȤ ȗȖȌ șȖȉȖȦ ȓȦȌșȒȐȍ
ȎȐȓȐȡȈ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș Ȑȝ ȖȉȐȚȈȚȍȓȧȔȐ ǪȖȚ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȉȍȌȕȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ ȘȍȠȈȦȚșȧ ȘȣȚȤ
șȊȖȐ ȜȈȕȏȣ Ȑȏȉȣ
 Ȋ șȈȔȖȑ țȚȘȖȉȍ ȏȍȔȓȐ
Ǫ ȚȈȒȐȝ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȧȝ ȗȖȌ ȏȍȔȓȍȑ ȊȣȘȣȚȖ ȔȕȖȋȖ țȓȐȞ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȋ ȌȖȎȌȓȐȊțȦ
ȗȖȘț ȗȖȝȖȎȐ ȕȈ ȘțȟȤȐ țșȚȘȖȍȕȣ ȏȍȔȓȧȕȣȍ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȣ — ȊȣȝȖȌȣ ȕȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȝ-
ȕȖșȚȤ ȏȍȔȓȐ
ǬȍȘȍȊȕȧ «ǺȐȋȘȖȊȈȧ ȓȖȊțȠȒȈ» Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȘȖȌȐȓșȧ dzȐ-ǺȈȑ ȉȣȓȈ ȖȌȕȐȔ Ȑȏ
ȚȈȒȐȝ ȗȖȌȏȍȔȕȣȝ șȍȓȍȕȐȑ
Ǫșȍ ȉȣȓȖ Ȋ ȗȖȌȏȍȔȍȓȤȐ «ǺȐȋȘȖȊȈȧ ȓȖȊțȠȒȈ» ȗȖȌȏȍȔȕȣȍ ȚȘȈȒȚȐȘȣ ȗȖȌȏȍȔ-
ȕȣȍ ȗȈȘȐȒȔȈȝȍȘșȒȐȍ ȠȒȖȓȈ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȗȖȌȏȍȔȕȣȑ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȝȘȈȔ
Ǫ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȑ ȏȍȔȓȧȕȖȑ ȕȖȘȒȍ-ȜȈȕȏȍ ȉȍȏ ȖȒȖȕ Ȑ ȌȊȍȘȍȑ, ș ȊȝȖȌȕȣȔ ȖȚȊȍȘ-
șȚȐȍȔ ȕȈ ȒȘțȚțȦ țȓȐȟȒț ȗȖȧȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȕȈ șȊȍȚ ȔȓȈȌȍȕȞȈ dzȐ-ǺȈȧ ȕȐȒȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȖȉȘȈ-
ȌȖȊȈȓȖ Ȋ șȍȔȤȍ țȎȍ ȒȖȗȖȠȐȓȖșȤ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȖ ȌȍȚȍȑ ȔȈȓ-ȔȈȓȈ ȔȍȕȤȠȍ
Ǫ șȊȖȍȔ ȌȍȚșȚȊȍ dzȐ-ǺȈȑ ȏȕȈȓ ȓȐȠȤ ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȣȑ ȋȖȓȖȌ ȒȖȓȖȚțȠȒȐ șȖ Ȋșȍȝ
șȚȖȘȖȕ ȒȘȖȚȖȊțȦ ȚȤȔț ȌȈ șȓȍȏȣ ȔȈȚȍȘȐ
ǬȈȓȍȒȈȧ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȘȖȌȐȕȈ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ dzȐ-ǺȈȦ șȔțȚȕȣȔ ȎȍȓȚȣȔ șȕȖȔ Ȋșȍ ȚȈȔ Ȏȍȓ-
ȚȖ — Ȑ ȓȦȌȐ Ȑ ȋȓȐȕȧȕȣȍ ȜȈȕȏȣ Ȑ ȏȍȔȓȧ Ȑ ȘȍȌȒȐȍ ȗȘȐȌȖȘȖȎȕȣȍ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȧ ȗȖ-
ȒȘȣȚȣȍ ȎȍȓȚȖȑ ȗȣȓȤȦ Ȑ ȘțȟȤȐ ȘȈȏȔȣȊȈȦȡȐȍ ȎȍȓȚȖȏȍȔ
ǶșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȧȘȒȖ ȗȖȔȕȐȚ dzȐ-ǺȈȑ «ȎȍȓȚȣȍ ȊȍȚȘȣ» ȒȖȋȌȈ șȖ șȚȍȗȍȑ ȉȍȠȍȕȖ
ȕȍșȓȐșȤ ȚțȟȐ ȗȓȖȚȕȖȑ ȎȍȓȚȖȑ ȗȣȓȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȏȈșȓȖȕȧȓȈ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ șȈȔȖ șȖȓȕȞȍ
DzȈȒ șȕȍȎȕȈȧ ȗțȘȋȈ ȏȈȉȐȊȈȍȚ Ȋșȍ șȕȍȋȖȔ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȥȚȈ ȗȣȓȤ ȗȖȒȘȣȊȈȓȈ Ȋșȍ ȕȈ șȊȖȍȔ
ȗțȚȐ
ǹȖȊșȍȔ ȒȘȖȠȍȟȕȣȔ ȘȍȉȍȕȒȖȔ ȋȖȓȖȌȕȈȧ șȍȔȤȧ ȗȘȖȌȈȓȈ dzȐ-ǺȈȧ ȕȈ țȟȍȉț ȉȘȖ-
ȌȧȟȍȔț șȚȈȘȖȔț ȈȒȘȖȉȈȚț ȜȖȒțșȕȐȒț ǻȚȍȋȐ
ǻȚȍȋȐ Ȋȏȧȓ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒȈ Ȑ ȗȖȊȍȓ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȟțȎȐȍ șȍȓȈ Ȑ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ ȖȉțȟȈȧ ȗȖ ȗțȚȐ Șȍ-

141
Ȕȍșȓț ȈȒȘȖȉȈȚȈ ǪȔȍșȚȍ ș ȕȐȔȐ ȉȘȖȌȐȓȈ ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕȒȈ
Ƕ ȥȚȈ țȟȍȉȈ DzȖșȚȐ ȚȘȍȡȈȓȐ ȖȚ ȕȍȍ DzȈȒ ȉȍșȗȖȡȈȌȕȖ ȉȐȓ ǻȚȍȋȐ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȋȖ
dzȐ-ǺȈȧ ȟȚȖȉȣ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ Ȑȏ ȕȍȋȖ ȐșȒțșȕȖȋȖ ȈȒȘȖȉȈȚȈ ǰ ȒȈȒȐȔ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȞȐȘȒȖȊȣȔ
ȕȖȔȍȘȈȔ Ȑ ȚȘȦȒȈȔ ȕȐ ȖȉțȟȈȓ șȚȈȘȣȑ ȈȒȘȖȉȈȚ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒȈ
ǶșȖȉȍȕȕȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȔ Ȑ ȕȍȕȈȊȐșȚȕȣȔ Ȍȓȧ dzȐ-ǺȈȧ ȉȣȓ ȕȖȔȍȘ ș ȒȐȕȎȈȓȈȔȐ
ǰ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ȕȖȔȍȘȍ ȘȈșȒȖșȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȍȕȒȐ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕ-
ȕȣȍ ȖȚșȊȍȚȈȔȐ ȒȖșȚȘȈ șȊȍȘȒȈȦȚ ȕȍȕȈȊȐșȚȤȦ Ȓ «țȟȐȚȍȓȦ» ǻȚȍȋȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ Ȗȉ-
ȘȈȡȈȓșȧ ș ȕȐȔȐ ȒțȌȈ ȝțȎȍ ȟȍȔ șȚȈȘȣȑ ǹțȕ șȖ șȊȖȐȔȐ șȖȉȈȒȈȔȐ
ǻȚȍȋȐ șȚȈȊȐȓ ȖȋȖȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȗȖ ȗȖȧș dzȐ-ǺȈȧ ș ȊȣȚȧȕțȚȣȔȐ ȗȖ șȚȖȘȖȕȈȔ ȘțȒȈ-
ȔȐ Ȓ ȠȐȘȖȒȖȑ ȌȖșȒȍ Ȑ ȕȈ ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȐ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ ȠȈȋȖȊ ȔȍȚȈȓ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȗȘȧ-
ȔȖ Ȋ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒȈ ȖșȚȘȣȍ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȍ ȒȐȕȎȈȓȣ DzȐȕȎȈȓȣ ȊȖȕȏȈȓȐșȤ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ Ȋ ȌȖș-
Ȓț ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ ȋȘțȌȐ ȗȖȌȔȣȠȍȒ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒȈ ȕȈ ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȐ ȔȍȌȕȖȑ
ȔȖȕȍȚȒȐ ȖȚ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȚȍȓȈ ǷȘȖȔȈȝȕȐșȤ ȝȖȚȧ ȉȣ ȘȈȏ ǻȚȍȋȐ Ȑ ȒȐȕȎȈȓ ȗȘȐȋȊȖȏ-
ȌȐȓ ȉȣ ȒȐȚȈȑȟȖȕȒȈ Ȓ ȌȖșȒȍ
Ǫșȍ ȏȈȘȈȉȖȚȈȕȕȣȍ ȋȘȖȠȐ ǻȚȍȋȐ ȕȍȐȏȔȍȕȕȖ țȕȖșȐȓ Ȋ ȚȈȑȕȣȍ ȗȘȐȚȖȕȣ ȋȌȍ
ȓȦȌȐ ȒțȘȧȚ ȖȗȐțȔ — ȧȌ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ șȚȘȈȠȕȍȑ Ȑ ȘȈȏȘțȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȍȑ ȊȖȌȒȐ Ǩ ȔȈȓȤ-
ȟȐȒ ș ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕȒȖȑ ȗȐȚȈȓȐșȤ ȊȗȘȖȋȖȓȖȌȤ șȓțȟȈȑȕȣȔȐ ȗȖȌȈȧȕȐȧȔȐ
ǪȖȚ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȒȖȋȌȈ ȋȖȌ ȚȖȔț ȕȈȏȈȌ țȔȍȘ ǻȚȍȋȐ dzȐ-ǺȈȑ ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȊȏȌȖȝȕțȓ
șȊȖȉȖȌȕȖ Ȑ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ ȗȘȖȌȈȓ ȔȧșȕȐȒț ȕȍȕȈȊȐșȚȕȣȍ ȒȐȕȎȈȓȣ

142
ǹ Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ dzȐ-ǺȈȑ șȈȔ șȍȉȍ ȝȖȏȧȐȕ ȉȘȖȌȐȓ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ș ȕȍȘȈȏȓțȟȕȖȑ ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕ-
ȒȖȑ ȗȖ șȍȓȈȔ Ȑ ȋȖȘȖȌȈȔ ȕȍȖȉȢȧȚȕȖȋȖ DzȐȚȈȧ țșȚȘȈȐȊȈȧ șȊȖȐ țȓȐȟȕȣȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊ-
ȓȍȕȐȧ
ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȐȔ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ șȊȖȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ǹȧȖ-Ǭȏȣ «ȘȍȟȕȖȑ ȟȍȓȖ-
ȊȍȒ».
DzȘȈșȕȈȧ ȉȖȘȖȌȈ ȖȚȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȗȖȟȍȔț-ȚȖ Ȑ șȓȖȊȖ ȊȣȔȖȓȊȐȚȤ Ȗ șȊȖȍȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ
— ǪȖȚ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȧ șȖȊșȍȔ șȗȖȒȖȍȕ ȏȈ Țȍȉȧ ȔȖȑ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ǹȧȖ-Ȍȏȣ șȣȕ Dzț Ȇȕ-
șțȕȈ — ȊȍșȍȓȖ ȏȈȧȊȐȓ DzȘȈșȕȈȧ ȉȖȘȖȌȈ — Ǻȣ ȕȈȠȍȓ șȍȉȍ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȋȖ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȈ
— dzȐ-ǺȈȧ Ǭȓȧ ȊȈș ȖȉȖȐȝ ȕȍ ȝȊȈȚȐȓȖ ȔȍșȚȈ ȘȖȌȐȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȖȌȐȕ ȘȖȌȐȓșȧ
ȗȖȌ ȏȍȔȓȍȑ Ȋ ȕȖȘȍ ȌȘțȋȖȑ — ȕȈ ȊȖȌȍ Ȋ ȗȓȖȊțȟȍȑ ȜȈȕȏȍ ǽȖȘȖȠȈȧ ȗȈȘȈ ǺȈ-
ȒȐȍ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȐ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȗȖȕȧȚȤ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋȈ Ȑ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ șȌȘțȎȐȚȤșȧ.
ǵȍ țșȗȍȓ DzȘȈșȕȈȧ ȉȖȘȖȌȈ ȏȈȒȖȕȟȐȚȤ șȊȖȐȝ șȓȖȊ ȒȈȒ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȗȖ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ ȗȖ-
șȓȣȠȈȓșȧ ȚȖȗȖȚ ȔȕȖȎȍșȚȊȈ ȓȖȠȈȌȐȕȣȝ ȒȖȗȣȚ ȚȈȒ șȒȈȒȈȚȤ ȔȖȋ ȓȐȠȤ șȖȓȌȈȚ-
șȒȐȑ ȒȖȕȕȣȑ ȖȚȘȧȌ
ǯȈșȓȣȠȈȊ ȚȖȗȖȚ DzȘȈșȕȈȧ ȉȖȘȖȌȈ ȕȈșȚȖȘȖȎȐȓșȧ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȕȖ ȕȈșȗȍȝ ȗȘȖșȚȐȓ-
șȧ ș ȌȘțȏȤȧȔȐ Ȑ ȊȌȘțȋ ȠȔȣȋȕțȓ Ȋ ȏȈȘȖșȓȐ ȋȈȖȓȧȕȈ
ǹȖȓȌȈȚȣ ȗȘȖșȒȈȒȈȓȐ ȔȖșȚ ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȊ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ ȕȈ ȉȘȖȌȧȋ ț ȒȖșȚȘȈ
ȖȕȐ ȊȐȌȐȔȖ ȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ șȗȍȠȐȓȐ
— Ǩ ȕț-ȒȈ ȒȓȐȒȕȐȚȍ DzȘȈșȕțȦ ȉȖȘȖȌț — ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȓ ǹțȕ ȘȍȉȧȚȈȔ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȓȖ-
ȠȈȌȐȕȣȑ ȚȖȗȖȚ șȚȈȓ țȚȐȝȈȚȤ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȊȗȍȘȍȌȐ
ǵȈȗȘȈșȕȖ ȘȍȉȧȚȈ ȒȘȐȟȈȓȐ ȊȖ ȚȤȔț DzȘȈșȕȖȑ ȉȖȘȖȌȣ Ȑ șȓȍȌ ȗȘȖșȚȣȓ
dzǶǫǶǪǶ «ǸȃǮǰǽ ǬȄȇǪǶdzǶǪ»
ǹ ȗȈȔȧȚȕȖȋȖ ȊȍȟȍȘȈ ȗȖȌ ȔȖșȚȖȔ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȈȠȐ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȐ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓȐ
DzȘȈșȕțȦ ȉȖȘȖȌț ȗȘȖȠȓȖ ȔȕȖȋȖ Ȍȕȍȑ
ǹȚȘȈȕȕȈȧ ȋȘțȗȗȈ — ȉȍȏȕȖȋȐȑ șȚȈȘȐȒ ȕȈ șȖȉȈȒȈȝ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒ ș ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕȒȖȑ Ȑ
Dzț-ǹȧȖ — ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȓȈșȤ Ȓ ȓȖȋȖȊț «ȘȣȎȐȝ ȌȤȧȊȖȓȖȊ» Ȓ ȀȈȕȝȈȦ
ǿȈȡȍ ȗȖȗȈȌȈȓȐșȤ ȕȍȏȈȘȣȚȣȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȍ ȚȘțȗȣ ȕȈ ȗȖȓȧȝ ȗȈȌȈȓȤ ȎȐȊȖȚ-
ȕȣȝ ȘȊȣ șȊȈȓȖȒ ȔțșȖȘȕȣȍ ȉțȋȘȣ
— ǪȖȚ șȒȖȘȖ ȋȖȘȖȌ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǹțȕ ȒȖȋȌȈ șȘȍȌȐ ȔțșȖȘȈ Ȑ șȊȈȓȖȒ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ
ȓȦȌȐ
ȅȚȐ ȓȦȌȐ șȖȉȐȘȈȓȐ Ȋ ȖȚȉȘȖșȈȝ ȒȖșȚȐ ȐșȚȓȍȊȠȍȍ ȚȘȧȗȤȍ ȏȈȘȎȈȊȍȓȣȍ ȋȊȖȏ-
ȌȐ ȒȖȕșȍȘȊȕȣȍ ȉȈȕȒȐ ȉȐȚȖȍ șȚȍȒȓȖ ȕȐȒȖȔț ȕȍ ȕțȎȕțȦ ȘțȝȓȧȌȤ ǰ șȈȔȐ ȥȚȐ
ȓȦȌȐ ȒȖȑ-ȒȈȒ ȏȈȊȍȘȕțȚȣȍ Ȋ ȓȖȝȔȖȚȤȧ ȗȘȐȒȘȣȚȣȍ ȌȎțȚȖȊȣȔȐ ȔȍȠȒȈȔȐ ȒȈȏȈ-
ȓȐșȤ ȖȚȉȘȖșȈȔȐ ȊȣȊȖȓȖȟȍȕȕȣȔȐ șȦȌȈ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȔțșȖȘȖȔ
ǷȘȐ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȍȕȐȐ șțȕȖȊȣȝ șȖȉȈȒ ș ȗȘȐȌȖȘȖȎȕȣȝ ȟȈȝȓȣȝ ȚȘȈȊ ȓȍȕȐȊȖ ȗȖȌ-
ȕȐȔȈȓȐșȤ ȖȚȢȍȊȠȐȍșȧ ȊȖȘȖȕȣ Ȑ ș ȕȍȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȣȔ ȒȈȘȒȈȕȤȍȔ ȖȚȓȍȚȈȓȐ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ
ǪȖȏȓȍ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ Ȋ ȌȖȘȖȎȕȖȑ ȗȣȓȐ ȓȍȎȈȓȐ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ — ȉȍȏ ȕȖ-
șȖȊ ș ȖȚȊȈȓȐȊȠȐȔȐșȧ ȗȈȓȤȞȈȔȐ ș ȋȕȐȦȡȐȔȐ ȚȍȓȈȔȐ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȐȡȐȍ-ȗȘȖ-
ȒȈȎȍȕȕȣȍ

143
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ ǹțȕ ȉȘȖșȐȓ ȐȔ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȍȌȕȣȝ ȌȣȘȧȊȣȝ ȔȖȕȍȚȖȒ ȗȘȖȒȈ-
Ȏȍȕȕȣȍ ȗȘȖȗțșȚȐȓȐ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ Ȑ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒȖȊ Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌ
ǪȢȍȝȈȓȐ ȖȕȐ Ȋ ȀȈȕȝȈȑ șȖ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ țȚȘȍȕȕȍȋȖ șȖȓȕȞȈ
ǹ șȈȔȖȑ ȖȒȘȈȐȕȣ ȉȍȏȕȖȋȐȑ șȚȈȘȐȒ ȗȘȐșȚțȗȐȓ Ȓ ȘȈȉȖȚȍ Ȗȕ: șȚȈȓ ȕȈȘȈșȗȍȊ ȗȖ-
ȗȘȖȠȈȑȕȐȟȈȚȤ ǰ ȚȖȚȟȈș ȚȖȓȗȣ ȏȍȊȈȒ ȖȉȓȍȗȐȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕțȦ ȗȖȊȖȏȒț
Dzț-ǹȧȖ Ȑ dzȐ-ǺȈȑ ȗȘȖșȚȐȓȐșȤ ș ǹțȕȖȔ Ȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖ-ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȖȉȍȎȈȓȐ ȗȖ țȏȒȐȔ
ȠțȔȕȣȔ țȓȐȞȈȔ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȖȋȖ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ
ǷȍȘȍȌ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒȈȔȐ ȔȍȓȤȒȈȓȐ ȗȘȐȓȈȊȒȐ ȏȈȊȈȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȜȘțȒȚȈȔȐ șȈȝȈȘȕȣȔ
ȚȘȖșȚȕȐȒȖȔ ȒȖȘȍȕȤȧȔȐ șȕȍȌȤȦ șȓȈșȚȧȔȐ ȏȈȚȍȑȓȐȊȣȔȐ ȉȍȏȌȍȓțȠȒȈȔȐ
ǪȖȚ ȖȕȐ ȗȘȖȉȍȎȈȓȐ țȓȐȞț ȋȌȍ ȓȦȌȐ Ȋ șȐȕȐȝ ȕȈȘȧȌȈȝ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȈȓȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȖ-
ȓȧșȒȈȔȐ Ȍȓȧ ȘȐȒȠ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȊȗȘȧȋȈȦȚșȧ Ȋ ȒȖȓȧșȒȐ Ȑ ȘȈȏȊȖȏȧȚ ȗȈșșȈȎȐȘȖȊ
ǹȊȍȘȕțȓȐ ȕȈ țȓȐȞț ȋȘȖȉȖȊ ǯȈ ȥȚȖȑ țȓȐȞȍȑ — țȓȐȞȈ ȟȍȔȖȌȈȕȖȊ țȓȐȞȈ
Ƞȓȧȗ Ǫ DzȐȚȈȍ Ȋ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȝ ȋȖȘȖȌȈȝ șțȡȍșȚȊțȍȚ ȔȕȖȎȍșȚȊȖ țȓȐȞ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȚȖȘ-
ȋțȦȚ ȐșȒȓȦȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȌȕȐȔ ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȚȖȊȈȘȖȔ
dzȦȌȐ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ț ȗȘȖȝȖȎȐȝ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȗȘȖȌȈȊȈȓȐ ȗȘȍȌȓȈȋȈȓȐ
Ȗ ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ ȒȘȐȟȈȓȐ ȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ ȖșȚȈȕȈȊȓȐȊȈȓȐ ǰ Dzț-ǹȧȖ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȊȍșȤ ȋȖȘȖȌ
ȚȖȘȋțȍȚ
ǷȖ țȏȒȐȔ țȓȐȞȈȔ ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȖȑ ȊȍȘȍȕȐȞȍȑ ȗȘȖȕȖșȐȓȐșȤ ȓȦȌȐ-ȓȖȠȈȌȐ —
«ȘȐȒȠȐ» șȕȖȊȈȓȐ ȉȘȖȌȧȟȐȍ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȞȣ ȒȖȟȍȊȣȍ ȘȍȔȍșȓȍȕȕȐȒȐ ȞȐȘȦȓȤȕȐȒȐ
ȠȊȍȐ șȈȗȖȎȕȐȒȐ ȔȈșșȈȎȐșȚȣ ȔțȏȣȒȈȕȚȣ ȜȖȒțșȕȐȒȐ ȓțȌȐȓȤȡȐȒȐ ȈȒȘȖ-

144
ȉȈȚȣ ǰ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȐ ȓȦȌȐ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȗȖ-șȊȖȍȔț ȊȣȒȘȐȒȐȊȈȓȐ șȊȐșȚȍȓȐ ȚȘȍȕȤȒȈȓȐ
ȉȈȘȈȉȈȕȐȓȐ ȗȐȡȈȓȐ ȗȐȓȐȒȈȓȐ ȋțȌȍȓȐ Ȋ șȊȖȐ șȔȍȠȕȣȍ ȘȍȔȍșȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȐȕșȚ-
ȘțȔȍȕȚȣ șȚȈȘȈȧșȤ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȚȤ ȕȈ șȍȉȧ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ
Dzț-ǹȧȖ ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȖȟțȚȐȊȠȍȔțșȧ Ȋ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȖȔ ȋȖȘȖȌȍ ȗȍșȚȘȣȍ ȠțȔȓȐȊȣȍ țȓȐ-
Ȟȣ ȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ șȒȈȏȖȟȕȣȔ șȕȖȔ Ƕȕ ȍȓȍ-ȍȓȍ ȗȖșȗȍȊȈȓ ȏȈ șȊȖȐȔ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȍȔ
ǵȈ țȓȐȞȍ ȝȈȘȟȍȊȍȕ ș ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒȈȔȐ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓșȧ ȉȍȓȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ — ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈ-
ȕȐȕ ǩȍȓȣȑ ȌȍȘȎȈȓ ȏȈ ȘțȒț ȌȍȊȖȟȒț Ȋ ȉȖȋȈȚȖȔ ȋȖȓțȉȖȔ ȕȈȘȧȌȍ ǫȖȓțȉȈȧ ȌȍȊȖȟ-
ȒȈ ȏȈȉȐȓȈ Ȋ ȓȈȌȖȠȐ țȊȐȌȍȊ ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕȒț
ǩȍȓȣȑ ȏȕȈȒȈȔȐ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȓ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒȈȔ șȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȤ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ
ǴȐȕȖȊȈȊ ȊȖȕȦȟȐȍ Țȍșȕȣȍ Ȑ ȋȘȧȏȕȣȍ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȍ ȒȊȈȘȚȈȓȣ ȖȕȐ ȊȖȠȓȐ Ȋ ȘȖș-
ȒȖȠȕȣȑ șȍȚȓȔȍȕȚ — ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑșȒțȦ ȟȈșȚȤ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ
DzȐȚȈȑȟȈȚȈ ȝȖȚȧ Ȑ ȗȖȉȈȐȊȈȓȐșȤ «ȘȣȎȍȋȖ ȌȤȧȊȖȓȈ» Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ ȗȖȒȖȘȕȖ șȓȍȌȖȊȈ-
ȓȐ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ
ǩȍȓȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȖȚȒȘȣȓ ȏȖȓȖȟȍȕțȦ ȒȈȓȐȚȒț Ǫ ȗȣȠȕȖȔ ȚȍȕȐșȚȖȔ șȈȌț șȚȖȧȓ
ȍȋȖ ȔȘȈȔȖȘȕȣȑ ȌȖȔ ǪȖȏȓȍ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȈȧ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȒȈ ȗȖ-
șȣȗȈȕȕȈȧ ȞȊȍȚȕȣȔ ȗȍșȒȖȔ Ǫ ȓțȟȈȝ șȖȓȕȞȈ ȐșȒȘȐȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȓȐȊȈȓȐșȤ șȐȕȐȍ
ȒȘȈșȕȣȍ ȖȘȈȕȎȍȊȣȍ ȒȊȈȌȘȈȚȣ ȚȘȍțȋȖȓȤȕȐȒȐ — țȏȖȘȣ ȞȊȍȚȕȖȋȖ ȗȍșȒȈ
ǨȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕ ș ȌȍȊȖȟȒȖȑ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȚȍȕȤ ȕȈ ȚȍȘȘȈșț Ȉ ȒȐȚȈȑȟȈȚȈȔ ȗȈȓȒȖȑ
ȉȣȓȖ țȒȈȏȈȕȖ ȔȍșȚȖ Ȍȓȧ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȑ — ȕȈ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȒȍ ȊȖȏȓȍ ȉȍȓȖȒȈȔȍȕȕȖȑ ȓȍ-
șȚȕȐȞȣ
Dz ȌȊțȔ ȏȘȐȚȍȓȧȔ ȕȈ ȚȍȘȘȈșȍ ȗȘȐșȖȍȌȐȕȐȓȐșȤ ȊȣȠȍȌȠȐȍ Ȑȏ ȌȖȔȈ ȚȘȐ ȕȈ-
ȘȧȌȕȣȍ ȉȍȓȣȍ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ Ȑ ȌȖ ȌȍșȧȚȒȈ șȓțȋ ȉȖȋȈȚȖȋȖ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕȈ
ǫȖȓțȉȈȧ ȌȍȊȖȟȒȈ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȈ ȕȈȑȚȐ șȍȉȍ ȔȍșȚȈ ȖȚ ȕȍȚȍȘȗȍȕȐȧ ȝȓȖȗȈȓȈ Ȋ ȓȈȌȖ-
ȠȐ ȊȏȊȐȏȋȐȊȈȓȈ șȔȍȧȓȈșȤ ȌȖ șȓȍȏ dzȐ-ǺȈȦ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȓȐ ȗȘȐșȚțȗȐȚȤ Ȓ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊ-
ȓȍȕȐȦ Ȑ ȕȈ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȒȍ ȔȐȋȖȔ ȏȈȒȐȗȍȓȈ ȗȘȐȊȣȟȕȈȧ ȘȈȉȖȚȈ
ǶȉȍȏȤȧȕȒȈ ȖȚȒȘȣȓȈ ȧȡȐȒ ȌȍȓȖȊȐȚȖ ȕȍ ȚȖȘȖȗȧșȤ ȖȚȣșȒȈȓȈ șȔȍȠȕțȦ ȠȐȘȖ-
ȒȖȗȖȓțȦ șȖȓȖȔȍȕȕțȦ Ƞȓȧȗț ȕȈȌȍȓȈ ȍȍ ȕȈ ȋȖȓȖȊț ǯȈȚȍȔ ȖȕȈ ȊȣȕțȓȈ Ȑȏ ȧȡȐȒȈ
ȗȓȈȚȤȍ ȉȈȓȍȘȐȕȣ Ȑ ȕȈȘȧȌȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȕȍȋȖ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ Ȑȏ ȥȚȖȋȖ Ȏȍ ȧȡȐȒȈ ȉȣȓȐ Ȑȏ-
Ȋȓȍȟȍȕȣ ȊȍȍȘ Ȑ ȏȖȕȚȐȒ
ǰ ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕȒȈ-«ȚȈȕȞȖȊȡȐȞȈ» ș ȊȍȍȘȖȔ Ȑ ȏȖȕȚȐȒȖȔ Ȋ ȓȈȗȒȈȝ ȊȏȖȉȘȈȓȈșȤ ȔȐ-
ȋȖȔ ȕȈ ȒȈȕȈȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȕȈȚȧȕțȓ dzȐ-ǺȈȑ ȕȈ ȌȊțȝ ȊȣșȖȒȐȝ ȠȍșȚȈȝ ȊȖȚȒȕțȚȣȝ Ȋ ȗȍ-
șȖȒǶȉȍȏȤȧȕȒȈ ȗȘȖȌȍȓȈȓȈ ȕȈ ȒȈȕȈȚȍ ȘȧȌ ȏȈȉȈȊȕȣȝ ȕȖȔȍȘȖȊ Ȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȒȘțȎȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȣȝ ȚȘȦȒȖȊ
ǪșȓȍȌ ȏȈ «ȒȈȕȈȚȕȖȑ ȗȓȧșțȕȤȍȑ» ȕȈȟȈȓșȧ ȕȖȔȍȘ ș ȉȣșȚȘȣȔȐ ȗȍȘȍȖȌȍȊȈȕȐȧ-
ȔȐ ǶȉȍȏȤȧȕȒȈ șȒȐȕțȓȈ ȕȈȘȧȌ ȚȈȕȞȖȊȡȐȞȣ Ȑ Ȑȏ ȧȡȐȒȈ ȖȌȕȈ ȏȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȗȖȧȊ-
ȓȧȓȐșȤ ȔȈșȒȐ Ȑ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȣȍ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚȣ ȚȖȑ ȐȓȐ ȐȕȖȑ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȐȐ
ǶȉȍȏȤȧȕȒȈ ȕȈȚȧȋȐȊȈȓȈ ȔȈșȒț ȕȈ ȔȖȘȌȖȟȒț Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȏȘȐȚȍȓȧȔȐ ȊȣșȚțȗȈȓȐ
șȈȔȣȍ ȘȈȏȕȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȍ ȓȐȞȈ
ǺȖ ȉȍȓȖȉȖȘȖȌȣȑ ȗȖȗ ȗȍȘȍȉȐȘȈȧ ȟȍȚȒȐ țșȍȘȌȕȖ ȕȈ Ȋșȍ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȖȚ-
ȔȈȝȐȊȈȓ ȔȖȓȐȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȗȖȒȓȖȕȣ
ǺȖ ȗȈȘȐȒȔȈȝȍȘ șȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȑ ȉȘȐȚȊȖȑ Ȋ ȓȈȗȈȝ șȊȐȘȍȗȖ ȉȘȐȓ ȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ ȕȍȊȐ-
ȌȐȔȖȋȖ
ǺȖ ȊȖȌȖȕȖș ș ȊȍȌȘȈȔȐ ȕȈ ȒȖȘȖȔȣșȓȍ ȊȣȚȈȕȞȖȊȣȊȈȓ ȏȈȉȈȊȕȣȍ «ȒȈȓȈȟȐ» ȗȖȌ
ȚȧȎȍșȚȤȦ șȊȖȍȑ ȕȖȠȐ

146
ǺȖ ȒȖȒȍȚȓȐȊȈȧ ȌȍȊȐȞȈ ȗȘȐȊȖȌȐȓȈ Ȋ ȗȖȘȧȌȖȒ șȊȖȑ șȓȖȎȕȣȑ ȚțȈȓȍȚ ȗȍȘȍȌ
ȊȖȖȉȘȈȎȈȍȔȣȔ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȖȔ
ǺȖ ȒțȓȐ ȋȘțȏȟȐȒ șȋȐȉȈȓșȧ ȗȖȌ ȘȖȋțȓȤȒȖȑ ȕȈȋȘțȎȍȕȕȖȑ ȕȍȗȖșȐȓȤȕȖȑ Țȧ-
ȎȍșȚȤȦ
ǹǴǭǸǺȄ ǶǩǭǯȄȇǵDzǰ
ǫȖȓțȉȈȧ ȌȍȊȖȟȒȈ ȗȘȣȋȈȓȈ ȖȚ țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȧ ȗȖ ȚȍȘȘȈșȍ DzȚȖ-ȚȖ ȌȈȓ ȍȑ ȖȘȍȝȐ
Ȑ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȐȕȧȓȈșȤ ȠȊȣȘȧȚȤ Ȑȝ Ȋ ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕȒț
DzȈȒ ȘȈȏ Ȋ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕȒȈ ȒȖȕȟȐȓȈ șȊȖȑ ȕȖȔȍȘ Ȑ ȖȚȌȣȝȈȓȈ ǭȍ ȏȈȔȍȕȧȓ
dzȐ-ǺȈȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ șȊȖȍ ȈȒȘȖȉȈȚȐȟȍșȒȖȍ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȖ
dzȐ-ǺȈȑ ȒțȊȣȘȒȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ ȚȈȒ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȟȚȖ ȚȘțȌȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȘȈȏȖȉȘȈȚȤ ȖȚ-
ȌȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȟȈșȚȐ ȍȋȖ ȋȐȉȒȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȊȖȘȕȖȋȖ ȚȍȓȈ ǺȖ Ȗȕ ȒȘțȎȐȓșȧ ȗȖ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȒȈȒ
ȊȖȓȟȖȒ șȌȍȓȈȊ Ȑȏ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȚȍȓȈ «ȒȖȓȍșȖ» ǺȖ ȘȈșȝȈȎȐȊȈȓ ȊȊȍȘȝ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ ȕȈ Șț-
ȒȈȝ
ǹȧȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ Ȋșȍȝ ȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȓȖ ȔȈșȚȍȘșȚȊȖ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȈ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȋȖȘȌȐȓșȧ ȐȔ
ǻ ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕȒȐ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȊȈȓșȧ Ȟȍȓȣȑ ȖȘȍȝȖȊȣȑ șȒȓȈȌ Ȋ ȋȖȘșȚȧȝ ȓȈȗ ȕȈ ȏțȉȈȝ ȌȈ-
Ȏȍ Ȋ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȟȐȒȈȝ ȒȖȜȚȣ ț ȕȍȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȖȘȍȝȐ
ǶȘȍȝȐ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȗȘȐȊȓȍȒȓȐ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ dzȐ-ǺȈȧ Ƕȕ ȕȈȉȘȈȓ ȌȖ ȌȍșȧȚȒȈ ȖȘȍȝȖȊ
Ȑ ȗȘȐȕȧȓșȧ ȓȖȊȒȖ ȎȖȕȋȓȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ ȐȔȐ
ǫȖȓțȉȈȧ ȌȍȊȖȟȒȈ ȊȣȉȍȎȈȓȈ ȕȈ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȒț
ǵȈȗȘȈșȕȖ dzȐ-ǺȈȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȕȍ țȔȍȓ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȗȖ-ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐ șȐȓȐȓșȧ ȗȘȍ-
ȌțȗȘȍȌȐȚȤ ȌȍȊȖȟȒț ȟȚȖȉȣ ȚȈ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȐȓȈ Ȓ ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕȒȍ Ȑ ȕȍ ȌȘȈȏȕȐȓȈ ȍȍ
ǫȖȓțȉȈȧ ȌȍȊȖȟȒȈ ȗȖȌșȒȖȟȐȓȈ Ȓ ȏȊȍȘȤȒț Ȑ Ȍȓȧ ȏȈȉȈȊȣ ȗȖȚȧȕțȓȈșȤ ȖȚȖȉȘȈȚȤ ȖȘȍ-
ȝȐ Ȑȏ ȞȍȗȒȐȝ ȓȈȗȖȒ
ǶȉȍȏȤȧȕȒȈ ȗȘȣȋȕțȓȈ ȗȘȧȔȖ ȕȈ ȖȉȐȌȟȐȞț
ǸȈȏȌȈȓșȧ ȗȘȖȕȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȒȘȐȒ ȗȍȘȍȠȍȌȠȐȑ Ȋ ȕȍțȌȍȘȎȐȔȖȍ ȘȣȌȈȕȐȍ
ǪȔȐȋ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕ ȗȖȌșȒȖȟȐȓ Ȓ ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕȒȍ Ȑ ȕȈȖȚȔȈȠȤ țȌȈȘȐȓ ȍȍ ȗȈȓȒȖȑ ȒȈȒ
ȘȈȏ ȗȖ ȚȍȔȍȕȐ
dzȐ-ǺȈȑ șȚȘȈȌȈȓȤȟȍșȒȐ șȒȖȘȟȐȓșȧ ȚȖȟȤ-Ȋ-ȚȖȟȤ ȒȈȒ ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕȒȈ ȖȌȕȖȊȘȍȔȍȕ-
ȕȖ ș ȕȍȑ șȓȖȊȕȖ țȌȈȘ ș ȚȖȑ Ȏȍ șȐȓȖȑ ȗȘȐȠȍȓșȧ Ȑ ȗȖ ȍȋȖ ȚȍȔȍȕȐ
ǨȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕ țȌȈȓȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȚȍȘȘȈșț ǬȍȊȖȟȒț ȕȈ ȘțȒȈȝ țȕȍșȓȐ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ
ǵȈ ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕȒț ȚȖȟȕȖ șȚȖȓȉȕȧȒ ȕȈȗȈȓ ȖȕȈ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȖșȚȈȓȈșȤ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖȑ Ȑ
șȒȖȘȟȍȕȕȖȑ ȕȈ ȖȘȈȕȎȍȊȖȔ ȚȘȍțȋȖȓȤȕȐȒȍ ȗȍșȒȈ șȘȍȌȐ ȘȈșșȣȗȈȕȕȣȝ ȖȘȍȝȖȊ
dzȐ-ǺȈȑ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȏȊȍȘȤȒȈ Ȑ șȓȍȏȣ ȗȘȣȋȈȓȐ Ȑȏ ȘȈșȒȖșȣȝ ȋȓȈȏ ȕȈ ȓȐȞȍ Ȋȣ-
șȚțȗȐȓȐ ȎȍȓȚȣȍ ȗȖȓȖșȒȐ șȔȣȚȖȑ ȋȘȧȏȐ ǰșȗțȋȈȕȕȣȑ ǹȧȖ ȚȖȎȍ ȗȓȈȒȈȓ ȍȔț
ȉȣȓȖ ȎȈȓȤ Ȑ ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕȒț Ȑ ȈȒȘȖȉȈȚȈ
ǴȈȓȤȟȐȒȐ ȗȘȐȕȧȓȐșȤ șȖȉȐȘȈȚȤ șȊȖȍ ȌȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍ ǵȈȗȘȈșȕȖ ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕȒȈ ȗȖȗȣ-
ȚȈȓȈșȤ ȗȖȔȖȟȤ șȊȖȍȔț ȝȖȏȧȐȕț-ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡț ȍȑ ȕȍ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȌȈȎȍ ȌȖȕȍșȚȐ ȌȖ ȧȡȐ-
ȒȈ ȏȖȕȚȐȒ ǯȖȕȚȐȒ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȚȈȒ ȓȍȋȒȖ Ȑ ȓȖȊȒȖ ȒȘțȎȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȍȍ ȓȈȗȒȈȝ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ
ȗȓȧșȈȓȈ ȕȈ ȒȈȕȈȚȍ ȊȣȗȈȓ Ȑȏ ȖșȓȈȉȍȊȠȐȝ ȓȈȗȖȒ

147
DzȖȋȌȈ dzȐ-ǺȈȑ ȊșȒȐȕțȓ ȧȡȐȒ ȕȈ ȗȓȍȟȐ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȗȘȐȊȍȓ Ȋ ȗȖȝȖȌȕȣȑ ȗȖȘȧȌȖȒ ș
ȚȍȘȘȈșȣ Ȓ ȍȋȖ ȕȖȋȈȔ ȔȍȓȤȒȕțȓȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ șȍȘȍȉȘȧȕȈȧ ȔȖȕȍȚȈ Ȟȍȓȣȑ ȌȈȧȕ ȒȐ-
ȚȈȑșȒȐȑ ȌȖȓȓȈȘ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ Șțȉȓȧ

ǵȐȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ dzȐ-ǺȈȧ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȈȒȐȝ Ȍȍȕȍȋ ǵȖ ȡȍȌȘȖșȚȤ ©ȘȣȎȍȋȖ ȌȤȧ-
ȊȖȓȈª ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ ȖȉȘȈȌȖȊȈȓȈ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒȈ Ƕȕ ș ȚțȗȣȔ ȉȍȏȘȈȏȓȐȟȐȍȔ ȕȈȋȕțȓșȧ Ȑ ȗȖȌ-
ȕȧȓ ȔȖȕȍȚț
DzȐȚȈȑȟȈȚȈ ȉȣșȚȘȖ-ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȏȈȠȈȋȈȓȐ ȗȘȖȟȤ
ǶȉȍȏȤȧȕȒȈ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȈ ȐȌȚȐ șȈȔȈ ȖȕȈ ȕȈ ȒȈȎȌȖȔ ȠȈȋț ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ ȊȈȓȐ-
ȓȈșȤ ȕȈȉȖȒ dzȐ-ǺȈȑ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȍȍ Ȑ ȉȍȘȍȎȕȖ țșȈȌȐȓ Ȓ șȍȉȍ ȏȈ ȗȓȍȟȐ ȕȈ ȧȡȐȒ ǯȈ ȏȖ-
ȓȖȟȍȕȖȑ ȒȈȓȐȚȒȖȑ ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕȒȈ ȊȌȘțȋ ȏȈȒȈȠȓȧȓȈșȤ ȍȍ ȚȍȓȖ ȚȘȍȗȍȚȈȓȖ Ȋ ȓȐȝȖȘȈ-
ȌȖȟȕȖȑ ȌȘȖȎȐ
dzȐ-ǺȈȑ ȕȍ ȕȈ ȠțȚȒț ȊșȚȘȍȊȖȎȐȓșȧ
ǶȉȍȏȤȧȕȒȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȎȐȊȣȔ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȔ ȉȓȐȏȒȐȔ dzȐ-ǺȈȦ ǶȕȈ
— ȍȋȖ ȒȖȘȔȐȓȐȞȈ ȕȍ ȉțȌȤ ȍȍ — ȟȚȖ ȉȣ ȌȍȓȈȓ ȗȖȌȏȍȔȕȣȑ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒ-șȍȓȤȟȈȕȐȕ
ȏȈȉȘȖȠȍȕȕȣȑ Ȋ ȟțȎȐȍ ȒȘȈȧ"
ǷȖȌȣȔȈȓșȧ ȊȍȚȍȘ ǻȌȈȘȐȓȐ ȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȒȘțȗȕȣȍ ȒȈȗȓȐ ȌȖȎȌȧ ǴȈȓȤȟȐȒȐ ȗȘȐ-
ȉȈȊȐȓȐ ȠȈȋț ȝȖȚȧ ȚȖȓȒȖȔ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓȐ ȒțȌȈ ȐȌȚȐ
ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ șȘȈȏț ȒȖșȖȑ șȚȍȕȖȑ ȝȓȣȕțȓȐ ȊȖȌȣ ȚȈȑȜțȕȈ
DzȐȚȈȑȟȈȚȈ ȠȔȣȋȕțȓȐ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊțȦ ȗȖȗȈȊȠțȦșȧ ȝȈȘȟȍȊȕȦ
Ǫ ȝȈȘȟȍȊȕȍ ȗȘȐȊȍȚȓȐȊȖ ȗȈȝȓȖ ȊȈȘȍȕȣȔ ȗȈȘȍȕȣȔ ȎȈȘȍȕȣȔ ȒțȠȈȕȤȍȔ ǰȏ
ȒțȝȕȐ ȚȧȎȍȓȖ șȚȓȈȓșȧ ȋțșȚȖȑ ȗȖȓȏțȟȐȑ ȗȈȘ ȋȖȚȖȊȐȓȐșȤ ȗȍȓȤȔȍȕȐ ȕȈ ȗȈȘț
— ǬȈȊȈȑ ȗȘȖȍȌȐȔ șȘȈȏț Ȋșȍ ȥȚȐ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȣȍ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ ©ȘȣȎȍȋȖ ȌȤȧȊȖȓȈª —
ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȓ dzȐ-ǺȈȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒȐ țșȍȓȐșȤ ȏȈ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ șȚȖȓȐȒȖȊ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȣȝ
ȒȘȈșȕȣȔ ȓȈȒȖȔ
— ǸȈȏȊȍ ȌȊȈ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒȈ șȔȖȋțȚ ȗȘȖȍșȚȤ șȘȈȏț Ȟȍȓȣȑ ȌȈȧȕ"
ǬȈȧȕ ȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ǹȧȖ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȖȑ șțȔȔȖȑ
— ǷȘȖȍȌȐȔ — Ȑ dzȐ-ǺȈȑ ȏȈȒȈȏȈȓ ȌȖȘȖȋȖȑ șȖțș ș ȔȧșȐșȚȣȔȐ ȉȖȘȖȌȈȊȟȈȚȣȔȐ
ȔȖȘșȒȐȔȐ ȟȍȘȊȧȔȐ — ȚȘȍȗȈȕȋȈȔȐ ȖȚȉȐȊȕȖȑ ȔȍȌțȏȣ Ȋ ȗȘȐȗȘȈȊȍ ș șȖȟȕȣȔȐ ȊȖ-
ȌȖȘȖșȓȧȔȐ ȉȖȉȖȊȖȋȖ șȣȘȈ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȋȖ ȒȘȈȉȈ Ȑ ȌȊȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȝ ȟȈȠȒȐ ȗȍȓȤȔȍȕȍȑ.
Ǭȓȧ ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕȒȐ ȖșȖȉȖ ȗȖȘȞȐȦ ȔȖȟȍȕȣȝ ȉȖȉȖȊȣȝ ȖȘȍȝȖȊ Ȑ șȓȈȌȒȐȝ ȓȈȒȖȔșȚȊ
ǴȧȖ ȎȈȓȖȉȕȖ ȊșȝȓȐȗȣȊȈȓȈ Ȑ ȓȈȗȒȖȑ ȉȍșȗȖȔȖȡȕȖ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȈ ȕȈ ȚȍȔȧ
țȟȈȡȍȕȕȖ ȔȖȘȋȈȓȈ ȒȖȘȟȐȓȈ ȗȓȈȒșȐȊȣȍ ȋȘȐȔȈșȣ Ȑ ȚȖ Ȑ ȌȍȓȖ ȚȧȕțȓȈșȤ Ȓ dzȐ-
ǺȈȦ ȒȈȗȘȐȏȕȖ ȚȘȍȉțȧ ȖȚ ȕȍȋȖ ȕȍȖȚșȚțȗȕȖȋȖ țȟȈșȚȓȐȊȖȋȖ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ
ǶȉȍȏȤȧȕȒȈ ȌȘȖȎȈȓȈ dzȐ-ǺȈȑ șȕȧȓ ș șȍȉȧ ȊȍȘȝȕȐȍ ȖȚȘȍȗȤȧ Ȑ ȉȍȘȍȎȕȖ țȒțȚȈȓ
ȉȖȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȏȊȍȘȤȒȈ ǷȍȘȍșȍȓȐ ȉȓȐȎȍ Ȓ Țȍȗȓț ȒțȝȕȐ
ǺȖȓșȚȣȑ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȚȈȚȈȘȐȕ ș ȒȘțȋȓȣȔ ȉȈȉȤȐȔ ȓȐȞȖȔ ȗȖȌȈȓ ȕȈ ȌȊțȝ ȗȖȌ-
ȕȖșȈȝ ȉȖȋȈȚȣȑ ȖȉȍȌ
dzȐ-ǺȈȑ ȓȈșȒȖȊȖ ȗȖȋȓȈȌȐȓ ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕȒț ȗȘȖȊȍȓ ȓȈȌȖȕȤȦ ȗȖ ȍȍ ȌȘȖȋȕțȊȠȍȑ ȔȖȘ-
ȌȖȟȒȍ ȗȘȐȌȊȐȕțȓ Ȓ ȕȍȑ ȓȈȒȖȔșȚȊȈ ȗȘȐȋȓȈȠȈȧ Ȓ ȚȘȈȗȍȏȍ
ǵȖ ǴȧȖ ȕȍ ȌȖȚȘȖȕțȓȈșȤ ȌȖ ȓȈȒȖȔȣȝ ȉȓȦȌ DzȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȍȍ ȘȈȏȌȘȈȎȈȓ ȌȈȎȍ ȊȐȌ
ȗȐȡȐ
ǰ ȒȖȋȌȈ dzȐ-ǺȈȑ ȗȖȌȕȍș Ȓ ȍȍ ȔȖȘȌȖȟȒȍ ȋȖȘșȚȤ ȔȖȟȍȕȣȝ ȖȘȍȝȖȊ ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕȒȈ
ȊȌȘțȋ șȕȖȊȈ ȏȈȒȈȠȓȧȓȈșȤ Ȑ Ȑȏ ȋȖȘȓȈ Ȑ ȕȖȏȌȘȍȑ ȖȉȐȓȤȕȖ ȝȓȣȕțȓȈ ȋțșȚȈȧ ȋȖȘȧ-
ȟȈȧ ȒȘȖȊȤ
ǮȍȓȚȣȑ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒ ȏȈȌȘȖȎȈȓ ȖȚ șȚȘȈȝȈ ǵȈ ȖȔȣȚȖȔ ȕȍȌȈȊȕȐȔȐ șȓȍȏȈȔȐ ȓȐ-

148
Ȟȍ ȊȣșȚțȗȐȓȈ ȔȍȓȖȊȈȧ ȉȓȍȌȕȖșȚȤ
ǶȉȍȏȤȧȕȒȈ ȏȈȉȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȔțȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ șțȌȖȘȖȋȈȝ
ǵȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȏ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȐȍ ȘȖȊȕȣȍ ȗȘȖȔȍȎțȚȒȐ ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȓȈ ǴȧȖ ȊșȝȓȐȗ-
ȕțȓȈ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ Ȑ ȗȘȖȚȧȎȕȖ Ȑ ȐȏȌȖȝȓȈ
Ǫșȍ ȒȖȕȟȍȕȖ Ǫșȍ Ǫșȍ Ǫșȍ DzȖȕȟȍȕȖ DzȖȕȟȍȕȖ DzȖȕȟȍȕȖ
dzȐ-ǺȈȑ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȐȓ ȋȓȈȏȈȔ
ǵȈ ȘțȒȈȝ ț ȎȍȓȚȖȋȖ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒȈ ȗȖȒȖȐȓȖșȤ ȎȍȓȚȖȍ ȚȍȓȤȞȍ ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕȒȐ ǰ șȈȔ
ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒ ȊȔȍșȚȍ șȖ șȊȖȍȑ ȕȖȠȍȑ țȗȈȓ ȕȈ ȘțȒȐ ȊȏȘȖșȓȣȝ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȍȊ ǪȖȏȓȍ ȗȖ-
ȚȍȘȧȕȕȖȑ ǴȧȖ dzȐ-ǺȈȑ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȍ
DzȈȒ șȖȉȈȟȖȕȒȈ Ȋȣȓ ǹȧȖ ȍȔț ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ Ȗȕ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȋȖȘȧ
ȹ 
DzȖȋȌȈ dzȐ-ǺȈȑ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ Ȋ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȍ ȔȍȘȚȊȈȧ ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕȒȈ ȓȍȎȈȓȈ ȘȧȌȖȔ ș Ȗȋ-
ȘȖȔȕȣȔ ȔȕȖȋȖȓȈȗȣȔ ȒȘȈșȕȣȔ ȒȘȈȉȖȔ DzȚȖ-ȚȖ Ȋ șțȔȈȚȖȝȍ ȊȣȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȍȍ ț ȔȈȓȤ-
ȟȐȒȈ Ȑ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȓ ȕȈ ȓȈȒȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȑ șȚȖȓ
ǵȈȌȖ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȠȐ ȒȐȚȈȑȟȈȚȈ ȖȟțȚȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȀȈȕȝȈȍ Ȋ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȕȖȍ
ȊȘȍȔȧ Ǫ ȋȖȘȖȌȍ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȖȉȓȈȊȣ ȈȘȍșȚȣ Ȑ ȔȈșșȖȊȣȍ ȒȈȏȕȐ
— ǶȉȓȈȊȈ.. ǫȖȔȐȕȌȈȕȖȊȞȍȊ ȓȖȊȧȚ — ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ Ȋ ȝȈȘȟȍȊȕȍ.
ǰ ȚțȚ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȈ ȕȍȊȖȖȉȘȈȏȐȔȈȧ șțȔȈȚȖȝȈ ǴȐȘȕȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ șȘȍȌȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ
ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȋȖȔȐȕȌȈȕȖȊȞȈ ȉȘȖșȐȓȐșȤ ȒȚȖ ȒțȌȈ ȖșȚȈȊȓȧȧ
ȕȈ șȚȖȓȈȝ ȊȒțșȕțȦ ȈȘȖȔȈȚȕțȦ ȗȐȡț ȖȗȘȖȒȐȌȣȊȈȧ ȚȈȉțȘȍȚȒȐ ǷȘȣȋȈȓȐ Ȋ ȖȒ-
ȕȈ ȚȍșȕȐȓȐșȤ Ȓ ȌȊȍȘȧȔ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ ȠȔȣȋȕțȓ Ȋ ȒțȝȕȦ Ȑ șȒȘȣȓșȧ șȘȍȌȐ ȗȍȓȤȔȍȕȤȍ-
ȊȖȋȖ ȗȈȘȈ
ǹȧȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȔȕȐȚ ȒȈȒ ȍȋȖ ȖȚȚȍșȕȐȓȐ ȖȚ dzȐ-ǺȈȧ ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ ȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȕȈ țȓȐȞȍ ȋȌȍ

149
ȓȦȌȐ ȕȖșȐȓȐșȤ ȊȖ Ȋșȍȝ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȧȝ ǪȍșȤ ȒȊȈȘȚȈȓ ȒȐȠȍȓ ȊșȚȘȍȊȖȎȍȕȕȣȔ Ȕț-
ȘȈȊȍȑȕȐȒȖȔ
ǰȏ-ȏȈ țȋȓȈ ȊȣșȒȖȟȐȓȐ șȖȓȌȈȚȣ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ Ȑ ǹȧȖ ȏȕȈȓ ȒțȌȈ ȍȔț ȉȍȎȈȚȤ ȗțș-
ȚȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȗȖȓȖȎȕțȦ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȖȚ ȓȦȌȍȑ Ȋ șȍȘȣȝ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȝ ȒțȘȚȒȈȝ
ǺȣșȧȟȐ ȓȍȚ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȑ ȕȈȘȖȌ ȏȕȈȓ ȓȐȠȤ ȕȍșȗȘȈȊȍȌȓȐȊȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȓ ȔȈȕ-
ȌȈȘȐȕȖȊ Ȑ ȗȘȖȟȐȝ ȊȓȈșȚȍȑ ǭȡȍ ȕȍȌȈȊȕȖ Ȋ DzȐȚȈȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ țȉȍȋȈȓ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȕȐȒ Ȋ
ȚȦȘȤȔț șȈȎȈȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȘȖȌșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȈ Ȉ ȍșȓȐ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȘȖȌșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȈ șȈȎȈȓȐ șȖ-
șȍȌȈ șȉȍȎȈȊȠȍȋȖ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȕȐȒȈ
ǪȖȚ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȒȐȚȈȑȞȣ ȒȈȒ ȖȚ ȟțȔȣ ȘȈȏȉȍȋȈȦȚșȧ ȖȚ ȒȈȒȖȑ ȉȣ ȚȖ ȕȐ ȉȣȓȖ Ȗȉ-
ȓȈȊȣ
«ǿȚȖ șȚȈȓȖșȤ ș dzȐ-ǺȈȍȔ"» ȉȣȓȈ ȗȍȘȊȈȧ ȔȣșȓȤ Dzț-ǹȧȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ
ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ ȏȈ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȊȈȘȚȈȓȖȊ ȖȚ ȏȓȖȗȖȓțȟȕȖȑ ȝȈȘȟȍȊȕȐ ȗȍȘȍȊȍșȚȐ Ȍțȝ
ǪȖȒȘțȋ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ dzȦȌȐ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȊȖȏȓȍ ȌȖȔȖȑ ȗȖȌ ȟȍȘȕȣȔȐ
ȏȖȓȖȟȍȕȣȔȐ Ȑ ȒȘȈșȕȣȔȐ ȊȣȊȍșȒȈȔȐ ǶȉȓȈȊȈ ȕȍ ȌȖȒȈȚȐȓȈșȤ ȌȖ ȥȚȐȝ ȔȍșȚ
ǹȧȖ ȖȚȌȣȠȈȓșȧ Ȑ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓ ȕȈȏȈȌ Ȓ ȝȈȘȟȍȊȕȍ ȐșȒȈȚȤ dzȐ-ǺȈȧ ǻȓȐȞȣ ȗȖ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȔ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȓ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȖȝȖȎȐ ȖȌȕȈ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋțȦ ǭȡȍ Ȑ ȍȡȍ țȓȐȞȣ Ȉ ȏȕȈ-
ȒȖȔȖȑ ȝȈȘȟȍȊȕȐ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȈȚȤ ǯȈȚȘȍȊȖȎȐȓșȧ ǹȧȖ
— ǹȒȈȎȐȚȍ șțȌȈȘȤ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȖȑȚȐ ȕȈ țȓȐȞț ȝȈȘȟȍȊȍȕ" — ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓ ȗȘȖȝȖȎȍȋȖ
ȒȐȚȈȑȟȖȕȖȒ
ǷȘȖȝȖȎȐȑ țȓȣȉȕțȓșȧ
— Ǫ ȀȈȕȝȈȍ ȔȈȓȣȠ șȖȚȕȐ țȓȐȞ ș ȝȈȘȟȍȊȕȧȔȐ ǪȖȚ ȚțȚ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȖ ȚȘȐ ȚȈȒȐȝ
țȓȐȞȣ ǬȈ Ȑ ȕȈȓȍȊȖ ș ȗȖȓȌȍșȧȚȒȈ
ǺȈȒ ǹȧȖ Ȑ ȕȍ ȕȈȠȍȓ ȝȈȘȟȍȊȕȐ ȋȌȍ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓ dzȐ-ǺȈȧ ș ȔȍȘȚȊȖȑ ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕȒȖȑ

150
ǺȖȓȗȈ ȕȈ țȓȐȞȈȝ ȘȍȌȍȓȈ ǺțȠȐȓȐ ȖȋȕȐ ǪȘȍȔȧ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȐȓȖ Ȓ ȗȖȓțȕȖȟȐ ǵȖ
ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ ȊȗȍȘȍȌȐ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȗȖȎȈȘ ȚȍȔȕȖ-ȜȐȖȓȍȚȖȊȖȍ ȕȍȉȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȈșȒȊȖȏȤ ȗȘȖȕȐ-
ȏȈȕȖ șȊȍȚȖȔ ǵȈ ȥȚȖȚ șȊȍȚ ȉȍȎȈȓ ȖȌȐȕȖȒȐȑ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒ
ǰ ǹȧȖ ȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț ȘȍȒȐ ǪȈȔȗț ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ șȚȖȐȚ ȀȈȕȝȈȑ
ǹ ȌȊțȝ șȚȖȘȖȕ ȗȖ ȕȈȉȍȘȍȎȕȣȔ ȚȧȕțȓȐșȤ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȣȍ ȋȘȖȝȖȟțȡȐȍ ȜȈȉȘȐȒȐ
Ȑȏ ȖȒȖȕ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȓȐȓșȧ ȧȘȒȐȑ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐȑ șȊȍȚ ǵȈ ȘȍȒȍ șȊȍȚȐȓȐșȤ Țȣșȧ-
ȟȈȔȐ ȘȈȏȕȖȞȊȍȚȕȣȝ Ȗȋȕȍȑ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȣȍ șțȌȈ ș ȘȧȌȈȔȐ ȗțȠȍȒ ǯȌȍșȤ ȉȣȓȐ ȖȒȍȈȕ-
șȒȐȍ ȊȍȓȐȒȈȕȣ — ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȣ ȈȔȍȘȐȒȈȕȞȍȊ ȒȈȕȖȕȍȘȒȐ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏȖȊ ȒȘȍȑșȍȘȈ Ȉȕȋ-
ȓȐȟȈȕ ǵȈ ȔȈȟȚȈȝ ȊȍȚȍȘ ȘȈȏȊȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȓ ȧȗȖȕșȒȐȍ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȍ ȐȚȈȓȤȧȕșȒȐȍ ȋȖȓ-
ȓȈȕȌșȒȐȍ ȜȓȈȋȐ ǹ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ șțȌȖȊ ȗȖ ȋȖȘȖȌț ȠȈȘȐȓȐ ȉȣșȚȘȣȍ ȗȖȓȖșȣ șȊȍȚȈ
ȗȘȖȎȍȒȚȖȘȖȊ
ǸȧȌȖȔ ș ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȣȔȐ șțȌȈȔȐ ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕȞȍȊ Ȓ ȉȍȘȍȋȈȔ ȎȈȓȐșȤ ȚȣșȧȟȐ ȒȘȖ-
Ƞȍȟȕȣȝ ȓȖȌȟȖȕȖȒ Șȍȟȕȣȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ
ǵȈ ǪȈȔȗț șȊȍȚȓȖ ȒȈȒ ȌȕȍȔ ǰ ȌȈȎȍ ȊȖȌȈ ȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȕȈșȒȊȖȏȤ ȗȘȖȗȐȚȈȕȕȖȑ
șȖȟȕȣȔ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐȔ șȊȍȚȖȔ
ǹȧȖ ȏȈȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ ȊȏȌȘȍȔȕțȚȤ ǵȈ ȕȈȉȍȘȍȎȕȖȑ ȓȍȟȤ ȉȣȓȖ ȘȐșȒȖȊȈȕȕȖ ȒȐȚȈȑ-
ȟȖȕȖȒ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȒȈȒ ȗȖȓȐȞȍȑșȒȐȍ ȉȈȔȉțȒȖȊȣȔȐ ȗȈȓȒȈȔȐ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓȐ șȗȧȡȐȝ Ȓț-
ȓȐǹȧȖ ȚȖ Ȑ ȌȍȓȖ ȠȕȣȘȧȓ ȗȖȌ ȔȖșȚȣ Ȋ ȏȈȒȖțȓȖȟȒȐ ȗȖ ȒȈȕȈȊȈȔ Ȋ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕ-
ȕȣȍ ȗȖȌȏȍȔȕȣȍ ȡȍȓȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȕȍȔȈȓȖ ȕȈ ȗȖȉȍȘȍȎȤȐ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȋȖ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ ǵȖ țȊȣ!
ǪșȦȌț ȋȌȍ ȔȖȋ țȔȍșȚȐȚȤșȧ ȝȖȚȧ ȉȣ ȖȌȐȕ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȕȖȟȓȍȋȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȏȈȕȧȚȣ șȊȍȘ-
ȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȒȈȓȈȟȐȒȖȔ ȐȓȐ ȗȘȐȎȈȊȠȐșȤ ȚȍșȕȖ ȌȘțȋ Ȓ ȌȘțȋț șȗȈȓȐ ȉȍȏȌȖȔȕȐȒȐ
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ Ȑ ǹȧȖ ȕȈȠȍȓ șȊȖȍ ȋȕȍȏȌȖ Ƕȕ ȠȔȣȋȕțȓ ȗȖȌ ȔȖșȚ Ȋȓȍȏ Ȋ ȖȚȊȍȘșȚȐȍ
ȠȐȘȖȒȖȑ șȚȖȟȕȖȑ ȚȘțȉȣ ȕȈȡțȗȈȓ ȕȐȠț Ȑ țȓȍȋșȧ ȕȈ ȒȈȒȖȔ-ȚȖ ȊȖȏȊȣȠȍȕȐȐ
ǹȧȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȚ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖșȗȈȓ Ȋ șȊȖȍȑ ȏȈȚȝȓȖȑ ȕȖȘȍ ǷȘȖșȕțȓ-
șȧ Ȗȕ ȖȚ ȋȘȖȔȒȖȋȖ șȊȐșȚȧȡȍȋȖ ȝȘȈȗȍȕȤȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȏȈȋȓțȠȈȓȖ ȕȍșȔȍȓȣȑ ȡȍȉȍȚ
ȒȈȚȧȡȐȝșȧ ȗȖ ȚȘțȉȈȔ ȊȖȌ ǹȊȍȘȝț ȋȓțȝȖ ȌȖȕȖșȐȓșȧ ȊȖȘȟȓȐȊȣȑ ȋȘȖȝȖȚ ȗȘȖȉțȎ-
ȌȈȦȡȍȋȖșȧ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ
ǪȣȉȘȈȚȤșȧ ǹȧȖ Ȑȏ țȋȓțȉȓȍȕȐȧ ȕȐȠȐ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ǷȖȗȍȘȍȒ ȕȐȠȐ
ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏ ț ȊȣȝȖȌȈ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ șȗȈȓ ȊȏȘȖșȓȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȝȘȈȗȍȕȐȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȘȈȏȉțȌȐ-
ȓȖ ȒȐȚȈȑȟȖȕȒȈ ǹȧȖ ȗȣȚȈȓșȧ ȗȘȖȓȍȏȚȤ Ȑ ȔȍȎȌț ȕȖȋ Ȑ ȗȖȊȍȘȝ ȎȐȊȖȚȈ șȗȧȡȍȋȖ
ȊȍȓȐȒȈȕȈ ȕȖ ȕȍ ȚțȚ-ȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ
ǹȧȖ ȕȍȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖ ȏȈȌȍȓ șȖșȍȌȈ ȗȖ ȕȖșț ǹȖșȍȌ ȗȘȐȊșȒȖȟȐȓ ȐșȗțȋȈȕȕȖ șȚțȒ-
ȕțȓșȧ Ȗ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȊȣșȚțȗ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ Ȑ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ȧȘȖșȚȕȖ
— DzȚȖ ȗȖșȔȍȓ ȏȈȉȘȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȔȖȦ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘț"
DzȐȚȈȑȟȖȕȖȒ ȕȍ ȕȈ ȠțȚȒț șȚȘțșȐȓ
— ȅȚȖ ȧ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ǹȧȖ șȣȕ Dzț Ȇȕ-șțȕȈ — ȗȘȖȗȐȡȈȓ șȒȊȖȏȤ șȓȍȏȣ ǹȧȖ
— ǪȖȚ Ȑ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȧ Țȍȉȧ ȚțȚ Ȏȍ șȢȍȔ Ȋ ȥȚȖȑ ȒȖȕțȘȍ ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȏȈȊȚȘȈȒȈ — ǰ
șȖșȍȌ ȘȈșȝȖȝȖȚȈȓșȧ ȝȘȐȗȓȣȔ ȋȘȖȔȒȐȔ ȝȖȝȖȚȖȔ
ǪȐȌȐȔȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȗȘȖșȖȕȤȧ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ șȊȐȘȍȗ Ȉ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȟțȝȈȓșȧ ȖȚ șȕȈ ȏȈȠț-
ȚȐȓ
— ǵț ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȈșȚȐȒ ȒȈȒ Țȣ ȚțȚ ȏȈȊȍȓșȧ Ȋ ȊȖȌȖșȚȖȟȕȖȑ ȚȘțȉȍ" ǬȈ
ȕȍ ȉȖȑșȧ ǭșȓȐ Țȣ ȊȖȘȐȠȒȈ ȋȖȊȖȘȐ ȊșȦ ȗȘȈȊȌț ț Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȝȖȘȖȔȈȝ ȗȈșȗȖȘȚȖȊ
ȕȍ ȗȘȖȊȍȘȧȦȚ
— ǵȍȚ ȧ ȕȍ ȊȖȘȐȠȒȈ ȧ ȘȍȟȕȖȑ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒ

151
ǰ ǹȧȖ ȗȖȌȘȧȌ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗ șȊȖȍȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ
— Ǩ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȗȖȓȍȏȍȔ ȕȈȊȍȘȝ — ȏȈȧȊȐȓ șȖșȍȌ ȊȣșȓțȠȈȊ ȘȈșșȒȈȏ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒȈ
ǶȏȐȘȈȧșȤ ȗȖ șȚȖȘȖȕȈȔ ȉȍȏȌȖȔȕȐȒȐ ȕȣȘȕțȓȐ ȗȖȌ ȔȖșȚ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȕȈȉȍ-
ȘȍȎȕțȦ Ȑ șȔȍȠȈȓȐșȤ ș ȔȕȖȋȖȓȦȌȕȖȑ ȚȖȓȗȖȑ ǻȚȘȍȕȕȐȍ ȒȖșȣȍ ȓțȟȐ șȖȓȕȞȈ țȎȍ
ȉȖȘȖȏȌȐȓȐ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȍ ȒȈȔȕȐ ȕȈȉȍȘȍȎȕȖȑ
ǹȧȖ ȘȈșșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȓ șȗțȚȕȐȒȈ
ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȘȧȉȖȑ ȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖȑ ȕȈ ȘȍȌȒȖșȚȤ ȘȖșȓȣȑ ȒȐȚȈȍȞ Ǫ țȏȒȖȑ ȒȖșȖȑ ȡȍ-
ȓȐ ȊȍȒ șȊȍȘȒȈȓ ȟȍȘȕȣȑ ȦȘȒȐȑ șȔȍȦȡȐȑșȧ ȋȓȈȏ DzȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȥȚȖȚ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȌȖȓ-
Ȏȍȕ ȉȣȓ Ȑ ȘȖȌȐȚȤșȧ ȖȌȕȖȋȓȈȏȣȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȍȋȖ ȓȐȞȖ ȗȘȐȖȉȘȍȓȖ ȚȖ ȝȐȚȘȖȍ ȕȈșȔȍȠ-
ȓȐȊȖȍ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ș ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ Ȗȕ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȔȐȘ
Dzț Ǻȍ-ȋȐ ȚȖ Ȑ ȌȍȓȖ ȉȈȓȈȋțȘȐȓ ȠțȚȐȓ șȣȗȈȓ ȗȘȐȉȈțȚȖȟȒȐ ǵȖ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȊȍșȍȓȤȐ
ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȖȉȘȖȑ ȉȍșȗȍȟȕȖșȚȐ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȍȝȐȌȕȖȍ ȝȐȡȕȖȍ ȊȍșȍȓȤȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ Ȋ
șȍȉȍ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȏȈȔȣȠȓȧȊȠȍȋȖ ȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ ȗȍȘȍȝȐȚȘȐȊȠȍȋȖ
— Dzț-Ȓț-Ȓț — ȏȈȒțȒȖȊȈȓ Dzț Ǻȍ-ȋȐ Ȑ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȔ ȋȓȈȏț ȏȈȍȘȏȈȓȈ ȝȐȚ-
ȘȖ-ȝȐȡȕȈȧ ȔȣșȓȤ — ǰȏ Ȓț-Ȓț-Ȓț Ȕȣ șȌȍȓȈȍȔ ȌȍȓȖ Ǻȣ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȟȚȖ ț Țȍȉȧ șȍ-
șȚȘȈ ȕȈ ȜȈȉȘȐȒȍ DzȐȕț ȕȖ-ǻȟȐ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȍȚ ǷȖȑȌȍȔ ȧ Țȍȉȧ șȊȍȌț Ȓ ȕȍȑ
— ǷȖȑȌȍȔ — Ȋȕȍ șȍȉȧ ȖȚ ȘȈȌȖșȚȐ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ǹȧȖ
— ǵȖ ȥȚȖ ȌȍȓȖ ȕȍȓȍȋȒȖȍ Ǻȣ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉțȌȍȠȤ ȔȖȓȟȈȚȤ Ȑ ȕȍ țȌȐȊȓȧȚȤșȧ ȟȚȖ
ȉȣ ȧ ȕȐ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȕȈ ȜȈȉȘȐȒȍ Ȑ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ ©ȌȧȌȍȑª ǭșȓȐ Țȣ șȒȈȎȍȠȤ ȝȖȚȤ
ȖȌȕȖ șȓȖȊȖ ȕȍ ȊȖȊȘȍȔȧ ȕȈș ȔȖȋțȚ ȗȈȓȒȈȔȐ ȊȣȋȕȈȚȤ ș ȜȈȉȘȐȒȐ
ǪșȒȖȘȍ ȖȕȐ șȐȌȍȓȐ țȎȍ Ȋ ȒȖȕȚȖȘȍ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȖȑ ȜȈȉȘȐȒȐ
ǹȧȖ ȖȚ șȟȈșȚȤȧ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȓȖșȤ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȕȍȋȖ Ƕȕ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȍ șȓțȠȈȓ
ȚȖȓȒȖȔ Ȗ ȟȍȔ ȠȍȗȚȈȓșȧ ©ȌȧȌȧª ș ȉȍȓȣȔȐ ȓȦȌȤȔȐ Ȑ ȕȈȘȧȌȕȣȔȐ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȈȔȐ-
ȒȖȕȚȖȘȡȐȒȈȔȐ ǹȍȘȌȞȍ ȔȈȓȤȟțȋȈȕȈ ȉȐȓȖșȤ ȘȈȌȖșȚȤȦ ȖȎȐȌȈȕȤȧ ǹȒȖȘȖ-șȒȖȘȖ
Ȗȕ țȊȐȌȐȚ ȘȖȌȕțȦ șȍșȚȘȍȕȒț ǴȈȓȤȟȐȒ ȔȍȟȚȈȓ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ ȉțȌȍȚ ȎȐȚȤ ȊȔȍșȚȍ
ș ȕȍȑ ȗȖȔȖȋȈȚȤ ȍȑ Ȋ ȘȈȉȖȚȍ
— DzȈȒ Țȍȉȧ ȏȖȊțȚ" — ȗȍȘȍȉȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȔȍȟȚȣ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȒȖȕȚȖȘȡȐȒȖȊ
— Dzț-ǹȧȖ
— Ǩ ȒȈȒ ȏȖȊțȚ ȚȊȖȍȋȖ ȌȧȌȦ"
— Dzț Ǻȍ-ȋȐ
— ǵț ȐȌȐ șȦȌȈ Dzț-ǹȧȖ Ȑ ȘȈșȗȐȠȐșȤ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȑ ȉțȔȈȋȍ ȘȧȌȖȔ ș ȗȖȌȗȐșȤȦ Ȍȧ-
ȌȐ ǵȍ țȔȍȍȠȤ ȗȐșȈȚȤ — ȗȖșȚȈȊȤ ȚțȠȤȦ ȟȍȘȚȖȟȒț
ǸȧȉȖȑ ©ȌȧȌȧª ȝȐȚȘȖ ȔȐȋȈȓ ȒȐȚȈȑȟȖȕȒț ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȋȓȈȏȖȔ Ȑ ȔȖȚȈȓ ȖȌȖȉ-
ȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ
— dzȧȑ-dzȧȑ — ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȒȖȕȚȖȘȡȐȒȖȊ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ ȝȓȖȗȕțȓ Ȋ ȓȈȌȖȠȐ Ȑ ȒȈȒ Ȑȏ-
ȗȖȌ ȏȍȔȓȐ ȊȖȏȓȍ ǹȧȖ ȊȣȘȖșȓȐ ȌȊȍ ȒȐȚȈȧȕȒȐ ǶȌȕȈ ȉȣșȚȘȖ-ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȖșȚȘȐȋȓȈ ǹȧȖ
ȊȖȓȖșȣ ȌȘțȋȈȧ șȒȐȕțȓȈ ș ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒȈ ȖȚȘȍȗȤȧ Ȑ ȖȉȘȧȌȐȓȈ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȕȖȊȣȍ șȐȕȐȍ ȉț-
ȔȈȎȕȣȍ ȠȚȈȕȣ Ȑ ȒȖȜȚț ǴȐȋȖȔ Ȓ ȒȖȜȚȍ ȉȣȓȈ ȊȠȐȚȈ șȏȈȌȐ ȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ ȒȘȈșȕȈȧ
ȏȈȗȓȈȚȈ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȟȍȚȒȖ ȏȕȈȟȐȓȖșȤ ȹ 
ǷȖȒȈ șȚȘȐȋȓȐ Ȑ ȖȉȘȧȎȈȓȐ ǹȧȖ ©ȌȧȌȧª ȖȋȘȍȉ ș ȗȘȐȓȈȊȒȈ Ȋ ȒȈȘȔȈȕ ȋȖȘșȚȤ
șȍȘȍȉȘȧȕȣȝ Șțȉȓȍȑ ȗȖȒȓȖȕȐȓșȧ ȘȈȉȖȓȍȗȕȖ ȒȖȕȚȖȘȡȐȒȈȔ Ȑ ȕȍȏȈȔȍȚȕȖ Ȍȓȧ ǹȧȖ
țȓȐȏȕțȓ Ȑȏ ȒȖȕȚȖȘȣ
— ǵț Ȉ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȔȈȘȠ ȕȈ ȘȈȉȖȚț ǪȍȌȐȚȍ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȠȍșȚȖȑ ȒȖȘȗțș ȕȈ ȜȖșȜȖȘ —
ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ȒȐȚȈȍȞ-ȒȖȕȚȖȘȡȐȒ
ǹȧȖ ȗȖȟțȧȓ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȕȍȌȖȉȘȖȍ

152
— ǫȌȍ ȌȧȌȧ"
— ǭȋȖ Țȣ ȕȍ țȊȐȌȐȠȤ ȗȧȚȤ ȓȍȚ ȗȖȒȈ ȕȍ ȒȖȕȟȐȚșȧ șȘȖȒ ȚȊȖȍȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ
— Ǩ ȒȚȖ ȗȖȊȍȌȍȚ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȓ șȍșȚȘȍȕȒȍ Dzț-ǵȍ"
— DzȈȒȈȧ ȚȈȔ șȍșȚȘȍȕȒȈ" ǪȖȚ ȚȊȖȧ șȍșȚȘȍȕȒȈ — Ȑ ȒȐȚȈȍȞ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒț
ȗȓȍȚȤ DzȖȕȚȖȘȡȐȒȐ ȏȈȝȖȝȖȚȈȓȐ
— ǪȖȚ ȌȖȋȖȊȖȘ ȚȊȖȑ ȌȧȌȧ ȗȘȖȌȈȓ Țȍȉȧ ȕȈ ȕȈȠț ȜȈȉȘȐȒț ȘȖȊȕȖ ȕȈ ȗȧȚȤ ȓȍȚ
ǹȧȖ ȊșȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ȗȣȚȈȓșȧ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȗȘȈȊȌț ȕȖ ȍȋȖ ȊȖȊșȍ țȎȍ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ șȓț-
ȠȈȓ ȊȣȚȖȓȒȈȓȐ ȗȐȕȒȈȔȐ Ȑȏ ȒȖȕȚȖȘȣ ȊȖ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȐȑ ȌȊȖȘ ȜȈȉȘȐȒȐ Ȑ ȗȖȊȖ-
ȓȖȒȓȐ Ȋ ȠȍșȚȖȑ ȒȖȘȗțș
ǷǶǩǭǫ ǹ ǼǨǩǸǰDzǰ
Ǫ ȀȈȕȝȈȍ șȖȚȕȐ ȜȈȉȘȐȒ Ǫ ȀȈȕȝȈȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȗȖȓțȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȈ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȝ șȘȍȌȐ
ȕȐȝ ȔȕȖȎȍșȚȊȖ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ Ȑ ȌȍȚȍȑ
Ǫ ȀȈȕȝȈȍ ȉȣȊȈȦȚ șȓțȟȈȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȌȍȚȐ ȘȖȎȌȈȦȚșȧ ȏȈ ȜȈȉȘȐȟȕȣȔ șȚȈȕȒȖȔ Ȑ
Ȑȝ ȌȍȚșȚȊȖ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȚ Ȋ țȋȈȘȕȣȝ ȜȈȉȘȐȟȕȣȝ ȗȖȔȍȡȍȕȐȧȝ șȘȍȌȐ ȋȘȖȝȖȚȈ Ȑ ȊȐȏ-
ȋȈ ȔȈȠȐȕ
ǶȌȐȕȕȈȌȞȈȚȐȓȍȚȕȐȑ ǺȐȕ ȕȖȊȣȑ ȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȤ Dzț-ǹȧȖ ȗȖ ȠȍșȚȖȔț ȒȖȘȗțșț Ȉȕȋ-
ȓȐȑșȒȖȑ șȗȐȟȍȟȕȖȑ ȜȈȉȘȐȒȐ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȈȓ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ Ȓ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȜȈȉȘȐȟȕȣȔ ȌȍȚȧȔ
ǭȋȖ ȘȖȌȐȕȖȑ ȉȣȓȈ ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕȕȈȧ ȚȍȒșȚȐȓȤȕȈȧ ȜȈȉȘȐȒȈ ȍȋȖ ȗȍȘȊȖȑ ȒȖȓȣȉȍ-
ȓȤȦ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȒțȟȈ șȣȘȖȋȖ ȝȓȖȗȒȈ ȍȋȖ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȒȘȐȒ ȊȘȍȏȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȋțȓ ȗȘȧȌȐȓȤ-
ȕȣȝ ȊȍȘȍȚȍȕ
ǫȘțȌȕȖȋȖ ȘȍȉȍȕȒȈ ǺȐȕȈ ȔȈȚȤ ȗȘȐȊȧȏȣȊȈȓȈ Ȓ șȍȉȍ ȏȈ șȗȐȕț Ȑ ȚȈȒ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓȈ
ș ȎȐȊȖȑ ȕȖȠȍȑ ȗȖ ȌȊȍȕȈȌȞȈȚȐ ȟȈșȖȊ Ȋ șțȚȒȐ
ǬȍȚșȚȊȖ ǺȐȕ ȗȘȖȗȖȓȏȈȓ ȕȈ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȖȔ ȗȖȓț șȘȍȌȐ ȋȘțȌ ȕȍȘȈȏȖȉȘȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȝȓȖȗ-
ȒȈ ǽȓȖȗȒȖȊȈȧ ȗȣȓȤ ȏȈȉȐȊȈȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȕȖș ȘȖȚ Ȋ ȋȓȖȚȒț ǪȔȍșȚȍ ș ǺȐȗȖȔ ș ȔȍșȚȈ ȕȈ
ȔȍșȚȖ ȗȖȓȏȈȓȐ ȗȖ ȝȓȖȗȒȖȊȖȑ ȔȈșșȍ ȚȈȒȐȍ Ȏȍ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȍ ȋȘȧȏȕȣȍ ȌȍȚȐȠȒȐ Ȕȍ-
ȠȈȧ ȔȈȚȍȘȧȔ ȗȍȘȍȉȐȘȈȚȤ ȝȓȖȗȖȒ
ǷȖȌȘȈșȚȈȧ ǺȐȕ ȗȖȔȖȋȈȓ ȔȈȚȍȘȐ Ȋ ȍȍ ȒȘȖȗȖȚȓȐȊȖȔ ȚȘțȌȍ ǵȖ ȕȍȌȖȓȋȖ ȗȘȐ-
ȠȓȖșȤ ȍȔț ȉȣȚȤ ȊȖȏȓȍ ȔȈȚȍȘȐ Dz șȍȔȐ ȋȖȌȈȔ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒ ȖșȐȘȖȚȍȓ ȔȈȚȤ țȔȍȘȓȈ
ȖȚ ȕȍȗȖșȐȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȚȘțȌȈ
ǹȐȘȖȚȒț ȗȍȘȍȊȍȓȐ Ȋ ȠȍȓȒȖȗȘȧȌȐȓȤȕȦ ȚȖȑ Ȏȍ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȖȑ ȒȖȔȗȈȕȐȐ.
ǷȖ ȌȊȍȕȈȌȞȈȚȐ ȟȈșȖȊ Ȋ șțȚȒȐ ȐȏȖ Ȍȕȧ Ȋ ȌȍȕȤ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓ ǺȐȕ ȕȈ ȕȖȊȖȑ ȜȈȉȘȐ-
Ȓȍ ǶșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȚȘțȌȕȣȔ ȉȣȓȖ ȟȍșȈȕȐȍ ȒȖȒȖȕȖȊ Ȋ ȔȍȚȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȔ ȖȚȌȍȓȍȕȐȐ ǸȈȉȖ-
ȚȈȚȤ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȖșȤ ȕȈȌ ȟȈȕȖȔ ș ȒȐȗȧȡȍȑ ȊȖȌȖȑ ǷȈȓȤȞȣ ȘȈȏȔȈȟȐȊȈȧ ȒȖȒȖȕȣ
ȗȖȕȍȊȖȓȍ ȒȈșȈȓȐșȤ ȒȐȗȧȚȒȈ ȗȖȒȘȣȊȈȓȐșȤ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȊȖȓȌȣȘȧȔȐ-ȖȎȖȋȈ-
ȔȐ ș ȕȐȝ șȓȍȏȈȓȈ ȒȖȎȈ
ǵȍșȚȍȘȗȐȔȖ ȚȘțȌȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȚȤ Ȋ ȈȚȔȖșȜȍȘȍ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȍȕȕȖȑ ȋȖȘȧȟȐȔ ȗȈ-
ȘȖȔ ȏȈȗȈȝȖȔ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȝ ȒȖȒȖȕȖȊ
«ǰ ȔȖȧ ȉȍȌȕȈȧ șȍșȚȘȍȕȒȈ Dzț-ǵȧ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȍȚ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ» — ș ȋȖȘȍȟȤȦ ȌțȔȈȓ ǹȧȖ
ȒȖȋȌȈ ǺȐȕ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ ȍȔț Ȗ ȠȍȓȒȖȗȘȧȌȐȓȤȕȍ

153
— ǺȘȐ ȋȖȌȈ ȧ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓ ȕȈ ȒȖȒȖȕȈȝ ǵȍ ȊȣȌȍȘȎȈȓ Ȑ șȉȍȎȈȓ ǷȘȖȝȖȌȐȓ ș Ȕȍ-
șȧȞ ȋȖȓȖȌȕȣȔ ȗȖ ȋȖȘȖȌț Ȑ șȕȖȊȈ ȗȘȖȌȈȓșȧ Ȓ ȉȍȓȣȔ ȌȤȧȊȖȓȈȔ ȕȈ ȥȚț ȗȘȖȒȓȧ-
ȚțȦ șȗȐȟȍȟȕțȦ ȜȈȉȘȐȒț ǵȐȟȍȋȖ ǹȧȖ Ȑ ȖȚșȦȌȈ șȉȍȎȐȔ — ȏȈȒȖȕȟȐȓ ȘȈșșȒȈȏ
ǺȐȕ
ǴȈȓȤȟȐȒȐ ȗȖȌȘțȎȐȓȐșȤ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȐȔ ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȚȤ ȘȧȌȖȔ ǹȗȈȓȐ ȖȕȐ
ȚȖȎȍ ȘȧȌȣȠȒȖȔ ȕȈ ȖȉȡȍȔ șȖȉȈȟȤȍȔ ȔȈȚȍ ȕȈ ȋȘȧȏȕȣȝ șȖȓȖȔȍȕȕȣȝ ȕȈȘȈȝ
ǰ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȑ ȜȈȉȘȐȒȍ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓȐ ȗȖ ȌȊȍȕȈȌȞȈȚȐ ȟȈșȖȊ ȒȘȧȌț Ȋ șȔȘȈȌȕȖȑ ȈȚ-
ȔȖșȜȍȘȍ ȧȌȖȊȐȚȖȋȖ ȉȍȓȖȋȖ ȜȖșȜȖȘȈ
ǵȈȌȖ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȉȍȓȣȑ ȜȖșȜȖȘ — șȚȘȈȠȕȍȑȠȐȑ ȧȌ ǻȗȖȚȘȍȉȓȧȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȏȈȗ-
ȘȍȡȍȕȖ ȕȈ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑșȒȐȝ ȜȈȉȘȐȒȈȝ ǵȖ Ȍȓȧ DzȐȚȈȧ ȏȈȒȖȕ ȕȍ ȗȐșȈȕ ǰȕȖșȚȘȈȕȞȣ
ȏȈșȚȈȊȓȧȦȚ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȚȤ ș ȉȍȓȣȔ ȜȖșȜȖȘȖȔ ȌȈȎȍ Ȑ ȔȈȓȣȝ ȘȍȉȧȚ
ǬȓȐȕȕȣȔȐ ȘȧȌȈȔȐ ȊȖȏȓȍ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȝ șȚȖȓȖȊ șȚȖȧȓȐ șȖȚȕȐ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȝ ȘȍȉȧȚ
ǶȕȐ ȗȍȘȍȉȐȘȈȓȐ șȗȐȟȒȐ ȒȖȘȖȉȒȐ ȕȈȒȓȍȐȊȈȓȐ ȥȚȐȒȍȚȒȐ ǶȚ ȕȍȗȘȍȘȣȊȕȖȋȖ șȚȖȧ-
ȕȐȧ ȕȖȋȐ ȖȚȍȒȈȓȐ ȘȍȉȧȚȒȐ ȗȖȖȟȍȘȍȌȕȖ ȗȖȌȎȐȔȈȓȐ Ȋ ȒȖȓȍȕȒȈȝ ȚȖ ȖȌȕț ȚȖ ȌȘț-
ȋțȦ ȕȖȋț ȗȖȌȚȧȋȐȊȈȧ Ȑȝ Ȓ ȚȖȡȐȔ ȎȐȊȖȚȈȔ
Dz ȒȖȕȞț ȚȘțȌȖȊȖȋȖ Ȍȕȧ ȕȈ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȝ ȓȐȞȈȝ ȓȐȗȓȈ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȈȧ ȐșȗȈȘȐȕȈ Ǫȧȓȣȍ
ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧ ȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧȔȐ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȝ ȚȍȈȚȘȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȒțȒȖȓ
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȌȍȘȋȈȦȚ șȖ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȏȈ ȕȐȚȖȟȒț
ǹȧȖ țȎȍ ȚȘȍȚȤȦ ȕȍȌȍȓȦ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȍȚ ȕȈ ȜȈȉȘȐȒȍ Ȑ ȕȍ ȉțȌȤ ȊȖȏȓȍ ǺȐȕȈ ȒȈȎȍȚ-
șȧ ȕȍ ȊȣȌȍȘȎȈȓ ȉȣ Ȗȕ Ȑ țȔȍȘ ȖȚ ȐȏȕțȘȍȕȐȧ ȚȖșȒȐ Ȑ ȖȉȐȌȣ
DzȈȒ ȎȍșȚȖȒȖ ȖȉȔȈȕțȓ ȍȋȖ ȖȌȕȖȋȓȈȏȣȑ «ȌȧȌȧ»!
ǷȘȐȎȈȊȠȐșȤ ȐȏȔțȟȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȚȍȓȈȔȐ ȌȘțȋ Ȓ ȌȘțȋț ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒȐ ȗȖ ȕȖȟȈȔ Ȕȍȟ-
ȚȈȓȐ Ȗ ȗȖȉȍȋȍ ș ȜȈȉȘȐȒȐ
ǻȉȍȎȈȚȤ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ǪȖȒȘțȋ — ȊȣșȖȟȍȕȕȣȍ ȏȈȉȖȘȣ ǻ ȊȖȘȖȚ — ȒȘțȋȓȣȍ șțȚ-
ȒȐ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȍ ȉȘȖȕȏȖȓȐȞȣȍ ȉȖȘȖȌȈȚȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ Ȋ ȖȘȈȕȎȍȊȣȝ ȚȦȘȉȈȕȈȝ ȅȚȖ — șȊȐ-
Șȍȗȣȍ șȐȒȝȐ ȚțȏȍȔȞȣ ȊȣȊȍȏȍȕȕȣȍ Ȑȏ ǰȕȌȐȐ Ȍȓȧ ȖȝȘȈȕȣ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐȝ ȜȈȉȘȐȒ.
ǹ ȜȈȉȘȐȒȐ ȌȍȚȍȑ ȕȍ ȊȣȗțșȒȈȓȐ ȊȖȊșȍ ȊȖ ȊȍșȤ șȘȖȒ Ȑȝ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ
— Ǩ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ țȉȍȎȐȔ — țȚȍȠȈȓ ǺȐȕ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȋȖ ȌȘțȋȈ — Ȉ ȍșȓȐ Ȑ ȕȍ țȉȍ-
ȎȐȔ ȕȈș Ȋșȍ ȘȈȊȕȖ șȒȖȘȖ ȖșȊȖȉȖȌȧȚ ȦȎȕȣȍ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȖȕȍȘȣ — ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖ
ȌȖȉȈȊȓȧȓ Ȗȕ
ǺȐȕț ȒȈȒ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȊȏȘȖșȓȖȔț ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒț ȟȈșȚȖ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȖșȤ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȚȤ Ȋ ȜȈȉ-
ȘȐȟȕȖȔ ȌȊȖȘȍ ȋȌȍ ȉȣȊȈȓȖ ȕȍȔȈȓȖ ȒțȓȐ — ȘȈȉȖȟȐȝ-ȗȖȌȍȕȡȐȒȖȊ ș ȊȖȓȐ ǴȈȓȤ-
ȟȐȒț țȌȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ȗȖȌșȓțȠȈȚȤ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȣ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȝ Ȗ ȒȈȒȐȝ-ȚȖ ȕȈȌȊȐȋȈȦȡȐȝșȧ Șȍ-
ȊȖȓȦȞȐȖȕȕȣȝ șȖȉȣȚȐȧȝ
DzȈȒ-ȚȖ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ ǺȐȕ ȊȉȍȎȈȓ Ȋ ȜȈȉȘȐȟȕȖȍ ȖȉȡȍȎȐȚȐȍ Ȋ șȐȓȤȕȖȔ ȊȖȏȉțȎ-
ȌȍȕȐȐ ǸȈșșȚȐȓȈȧ șȖȉȈȟȐȑ ȔȈȚ Ȗȕ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȕȖ ȒȖȘȟȐȓ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȋȘȐȔȈșȣ ǹȧȖ
— ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȘțȌȕȖ ȊȖȏȓȍ șȚȖȧȓ ȕȈȌșȔȖȚȘȡȐȒ
ǪȍȟȍȘȖȔ ȘȍȉȧȚȈ ȏȈȉȐȓȐșȤ ȗȖȌ ȌȘȈȕȣȍ ȖȌȍȧȓȈ Ȑȏ ȌȎțȚȖȊȣȝ ȔȍȠȒȖȊ Ȑ ǺȐȕ
ȚȖȚȟȈș ȗȘȐȓȤȕțȊ Ȓ țȝț ȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȧ ȉȣșȚȘȖ-ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȏȈȠȍȗȚȈȓ
— ǹȧȖ Țȣ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȕȈȌșȔȖȚȘȡȐȒȐ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȊȣȠȓȐ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ș ȗȓȍȚȤȔȐ ȕȖ
Ȑ ș ȘțȎȤȧȔȐ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȗȓȍȟȖ ǫȖȊȖȘȧȚ Ȓ ȀȈȕȝȈȦ țȎȍ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȐȚ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȖȕȕȈȧ
ȈȘȔȐȧ ǯȈȊȚȘȈ ȋȖȊȖȘȧȚ șȦȌȈ ȗȘȐȋȖȕȧȚ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȒțȓȐ ȝȖȏȧȍȊȈ ȉțȌțȚ ȊȣȊȖȏȐȚȤ
ȚȖȊȈȘȣ ȕȈ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȣ
ǪȖȒȘțȋ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȠȍȗȚȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈ șȖȉȈȟȤȐȝ ȔȈȚȈȝ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȍ ȗȘȖ-
ȓȍȚȈȘȐȐ ǪșȚȘȍȊȖȎȍȕȕȣȍ ȘȍȉȧȚȈ ȏȈșȕțȓȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȌ țȚȘȖ

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ǿțȚȤ șȊȍȚ ǹȧȖ Ȑ ǺȐȕȈ ș ȋȘțȗȗȖȑ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȘȍȉȧȚ ȗȘȖȋȕȈȓȐ ȊȖ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȐȑ ȌȊȖȘ,
ȋȌȍ țȎȍ șȚȖȧȓȈ ȚȖȓȗȈ ȖȉȖȘȊȈȕȞȍȊ-ȒțȓȐ ȊȖȏȓȍ ȋȘțȏȖȊȣȝ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȍȑ
ǹȧȖ Ȑ ǺȐȕ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ ȘȧȌȖȔ Ȋ ȒȘȣȚȖȔ șȒȓȈȌȍ ǸȍȉȧȚȈ țȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȓȐ Ȋ ȉȖȓȤ-
ȠȐȍ ȧȡȐȒȐ ȗȈȟȒȐ șȗȐȟȍȒ ȗȘȐȒȓȍȐȊȈȓȐ ȕȈȒȓȍȑȒȐ Ȓ ȧȡȐȒȈȔ
Ǫ șȈȔȣȑ ȘȈȏȋȈȘ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ — Ȋ ȖȚȒȘȣȚțȦ ȌȊȍȘȤ șȒȓȈȌȈ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȐȌȕȖ — ȊȖ ȌȊȖȘ
ȊȉȍȎȈȓȐ șȚȘȖȑȕȣȔȐ ȘȧȌȈȔȐ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȖȚ ȊȖȖȘțȎȍȕȕȣȝ șȖȓȌȈȚ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐȝ
șȚȘȍȓȒȖȊ Ȑ ȐȕȌȐȑȞȍȊ ǹȍȘȌȞȍ ǺȐȕȈ țȗȈȓȖ
— ǵț ǹȧȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȕȣ ȗȘȖȗȈȓȐ — Ƞȍȗȕțȓ Ȗȕ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡț — ȥȚȐ ȏȈȔȖȘșȒȐȍ
ȘȈȏȉȖȑȕȐȒȐ ȉțȌțȚ ȏȈȡȐȡȈȚȤ ȜȈȉȘȐȒț
Ǫ ȊȖȘȖȚȈ ȊȒȈȚȣȊȈȓȐ ȗțȠȒȐ Ȑ ȗțȓȍȔȍȚȣ
ǵȈ șȒȓȈȌ ȚȖ Ȑ ȌȍȓȖ ȊȉȍȋȈȓȐ ȖȉȖȘȊȈȕȞȣ-ȋȘțȏȟȐȒȐ ȏȈȉȐȘȈȓȐ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȍȕȕȣȍ
ȧȡȐȒȐ Ȑ ȖȚȕȖșȐȓȐ Ȑȝ ȕȈ ȋȘțȏȖȊȐȒȐ
— DzȘȈșȕȈȧ ȉȖȘȖȌȈ" — ȊșȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ȊȌȘțȋ ǹȧȖ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȧ șȊȖȐȔ ȋȓȈȏȈȔ
ǶȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȒțȓȐ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ǰ șȚȈȘȣȍ ȌȘțȏȤȧ ȒȐȕțȓȐșȤ ȌȘțȋ Ȓ ȌȘțȋț
ǵȈ ȜȈȉȘȐȒȍ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȓȈ ȕȍȉȣȊȈȓȈȧ șțȔȈȚȖȝȈ ǵȈȌșȔȖȚȘȡȐȒȐ ȉȍȋȈȓȐ ȒȈȒ
țȋȖȘȍȓȣȍ ȘȈȏȔȍȡȈȧ ȗȘȐȉȣȊȈȦȡȐȝ șȖȓȌȈȚ ǷȖȥȚȖȔț ȕȈȠȐȔ ȌȘțȏȤȧȔ ȓȍȋȒȖ Ȑ
ȗȘȖșȚȖ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȗȘȐȔȖșȚȐȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȧȡȐȒȍ Ȑ ȔȐȘȕȖ ȗȖȚȖȓȒȖȊȈȚȤ
— ǵț Dzț-ǹȧȖ șȣȕ Dzț Ȇȕ-șțȕȈ ȊȍȓȐȒȈ ȕȈȠȈ ǷȖȌȕȍȉȍșȕȈȧ șȚȘȈȕȈ ȕȖ Ȑ Ȋ ȕȍȑ
ȔȖȋțȚ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȚȤșȧ ȌȖȉȘȣȍ ȌȘțȏȤȧ ǸȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȑ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȑ ȘȍȟȕȖȑ ȟȍȓȖ-
ȊȍȒ ȒȈȒ Țȣ ȗȖȗȈȓ Ȋ ȥȚȖ ȌȤȧȊȖȓȖȊȖ ȗȍȒȓȖ"
— Ǩ Țȣ DzȘȈșȕȈȧ ȉȖȘȖȌȈ ȒȈȒ ȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȏȌȍșȤ" — ȗȍȘȍȉȐȓ ǹȧȖ ȞȍȗȓȧȧșȤ ȏȈ
ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȘțȒț ȉȘȖȌȧȋȐ
— DzȈȒ ȧ ȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȀȈȕȝȈȍ — ȌȖȓȋȖ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ Ǩ ȒȈȒ ȕȈ ȜȈȉȘȐȒț ȗȖ-
ȗȈȓ — ȖȟȍȕȤ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȗȖȌȊȍȓȖ ȎȐȊȖȚ Ȉ ȚțȚ ȘȈȉȖȚȈ șȈȔȈ Ȋ ȘțȒȐ ȓȍȏȍȚ ǵț Ȑ ȕȈ-
ȕȧȓșȧ Ȓ ȉȍȓȣȔ ȌȤȧȊȖȓȈȔ ȕȈ ȗȖȌȍȕȕțȦ ȘȈȉȖȚț
ǺȖȘȖȗȧșȤ ȏȈȝȓȍȉȣȊȈȧșȤ ȚȖ Ȑ ȌȍȓȖ ȖȏȐȘȈȧșȤ ȗȖ șȚȖȘȖȕȈȔ— ȕȍ țȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȉȣ
ȕȈȌșȔȖȚȘȡȐȒȐ — ǹȧȖ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ șȚȈȘȖȔț ȌȘțȋț Ȗ șȊȖȐȝ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȝ ȏȓȖȒȓȦ-
ȟȍȕȐȧȝ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȔȈȓȤȟȖȕȒȈ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ Ȗȉ ȖȉȔȈȕȍ Dzț Ǻȍ-ȋȐ ȍȋȖ ȗȈȓȤȞȣ șȎȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȒțȓȈȟ-
ȒȐ ȕȈ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ȏȈȋȖȘȍȓȐșȤ șȓȍȏȣ
— Ƕ ȗȖȗȈȌȐșȤ Ȗȕ Ȕȕȍ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȧ ȉȣ ȊȣȉȐȓ ȍȔț ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȋȓȈȏ
ǯȈȒȖȕȟȐȓ ǹȧȖ ȘȈșșȒȈȏ ȊșȚȘȍȟȍȑ ș ǺȐȕȖȔ Ȑ ȗȖȌȍȓȐȓșȧ ȔȍȟȚȈȔȐ Ȗ ȗȖȉȍȋȍ
— Ǩ ȋȌȍ ȚȊȖȑ ǺȐȕ"
ǹȧȖ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓ ȕȈ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒȈ ȘȈșȒȓȍȐȊȈȦȡȍȋȖ ȘȧȌȖȔ ȥȚȐȒȍȚȒȐ ȕȈ ȧȡȐȒȈȝ
Ǫ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȋ șȒȓȈȌ ȊȖȠȍȓ ȕȈȌșȔȖȚȘȡȐȒ ǹȧȖ ȊȔȐȋ ȊȖȏȐȓșȧ țȎȍ șȖ șȗȐȟ-
ȒȈȔȐ Ȉ DzȘȈșȕȈȧ ȉȖȘȖȌȈ ȊȏȊȈȓȐȓ ȧȡȐȒ ȏȈ ȗȓȍȟȐ ȕȈ ȘȖȋțȓȤȒț Ȑ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ Ȓ Ȋȣ-
ȝȖȌț
DzȖȋȌȈ DzȘȈșȕȈȧ ȉȖȘȖȌȈ șȕȖȊȈ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȕȈ șȒȓȈȌȍ ȕȈȌșȔȖȚȘȡȐȒȈ ȚȈȔ țȎȍ ȕȍ
ȉȣȓȖ ǽțȕ șȚțȒȕțȓ ȖȉȖȐȝ ȘȍȉȧȚ ȓȈȌȖȕȧȔȐ ȘțȒ ȗȖ ȗȓȍȟȈȔ Ȑ ȚȐȝȖ șȒȖȔȈȕȌȖȊȈȓ
— ǩȍȋȖȔ Ȓ șȚȍȕȍ ȏȈ ȧȡȐȒȐ ȚȈȔ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ țȊȐȌȐȚ ȕȈș
ǰ Ȋșȍ ȊȚȘȖȍȔ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ ȏȈ ȧȡȐȒȈȔȐ
— Ǵȣ ȏȈȒȖȕȟȐȓȐ ȉȍșȍȌț ȕȈ ȊȈȠȍȔ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȐ ȉȍȎȈȚȤ Ȑȏ ȜȈȉȘȐȒȐ ǬȍȓȖ ȝȖȘȖ-
Ƞȍȍ ǩțȌȍȔ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȚȤ ȕȈȠ ȌȖȉȘȣȑ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘ ȓȍȏȤȚȍ ȖȉȈ Ȋ ȥȚȖȚ ȗțșȚȖȑ ȧȡȐȒ
ǸȍȉȧȚȈ ȘȈșȚȍȘȧȓȐșȤ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȧ
— ǿȚȖ ȧ ȊȈȔ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ" dzȍȏȤȚȍ ȎȐȊȖ Ȉ ȕȍ ȚȖ ȧ ȊȈș șȈȔ ȏȈȗȐȝȈȦ ȚțȌȈ — șȊȐȘȍ-

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ȗȖ ȗȘȖȠȐȗȍȓ DzȘȈșȕȈȧ ȉȖȘȖȌȈ Ȑ ȊȌȘțȋ ȚȈȒ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ țȓȣȉȕțȓșȧ ȟȚȖ Ȑ ț ȘȍȉȧȚ ȕȈ
ȐȏȕțȘȍȕȕȣȝ ȓȐȞȈȝ ȖȚȊȣȒȠȐȝ ȖȚ șȔȍȝȈ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ țȓȣȉȒȐ
ǺțȚ-ȚȖ ȘȍȉȧȚȈ ȗȖȕȧȓȐ Ȋ ȟȍȔ ȌȍȓȖ ǴȐȋ — Ȑ ȖȕȐ țȎȍ șȐȌȍȓȐ ȕȈ Ȍȕȍ ȧȡȐȒȈ
— ǪȈș ȗȖȊȍȏțȚ ș ȚȖȊȈȘȈȔȐ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ǩțȌțȚ ȊȍȏȚȐ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȟȈșȈ — șȒȖȘȖȋȖȊȖȘȒȖȑ
ȕȈȠȍȗȚȣȊȈȓ DzȘȈșȕȈȧ ȉȖȘȖȌȈ șȊȍȘȝț — ǷȖșȓȍ ȖȚȢȍȏȌȈ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȔȐȕțȚ ȌȍșȧȚȤ-ȌȊȈȌ-
ȞȈȚȤ ȗȘȐȖȚȒȘȖȑȚȍ ȒȘȣȠȒț Ȑ — ȒțȉȈȘȍȔ ȕȈ ȌȖȘȖȋț ǵȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȉȤȍȚȍ ȕȖșȣ ȕȖ
ȏȈȚȖ ȉțȌȍȚȍ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȣȔȐ ȇ ȗȖșȚȈȊȓȦ ȧȡȐȒ ș ȊȈȔȐ Ȋ șȈȔȖȔ ȊȍȘȝȕȍȔ ȘȧȌț șȏȈ-
ȌȐ ȕȈ șȈȔȣȑ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȣȑ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȤ ǵț ȌȖ șȓȍȌțȦȡȍȑ ȊșȚȘȍȟȐ
Dzț-ǹȧȖ șȣȕ Dzț Ȇȕ-șțȕȈ
DzȘȈșȕȈȧ ȉȖȘȖȌȈ ȝȓȖȗȕțȓ ȒȘȣȠȒȖȑ ȊȏȊȈȓȐȓ ȧȡȐȒ ș ȘȍȉȧȚȈȔȐ ȕȈ ȘȖȋțȓȤȒț
ȏȈ ȗȓȍȟȐ Ȑ ȉȍȋȖȔ-ȉȍȋȖȔ ȗțșȚȐȓșȧ ȗȖ ȔȖșȚȒȈȔ
dzȥȑ-ȓȈ ȝțȈ-ȓȈ ȝȈȕȌ-ȓȈ
dzȥȑ-ȓȈ-ȝțȈ-ȓȈ ȝȈȕȌ-ȓȈ1
ǪȍșȍȓȖ ȕȈȗȍȊȈȓ ȚȖȕȍȕȤȒȐȔ ȜȈȓȤȞȍȚȖȔ DzȘȈșȕȈȧ ȉȖȘȖȌȈ ȗȍșȍȕȒț ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȝ
ȋȘțȏȟȐȒȖȊ ȗȘȖȕȖșȧ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȑ ȌȊȖȘ, ȔȐȔȖ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕ Ȑ ȕȈȌșȔȖȚȘȡȐȒȖȊ
șȊȖȦ ȎȐȊțȦ ȕȖȠț
1 ə ɢɞɭ ɞɚɣɬɟ ɦɧɟ ɩɪɨɣɬɢ
ə ɢɞɭ ɞɚɣɬɟ ɦɧɟ ɩɪɨɣɬɢ

156
ǵǨ ǩǨǸǸǰDzǨǬȃ
ǵȍțȒȓȦȎȐȑ ȋȘțȏȖȊȖȑ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȤ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȔȟȈȓșȧ ȗȖ ȋȓȈȌȒȖȑ ȗȣȓȤȕȖȑ ȌȖ-
ȘȖȋȍ
DzȐȚȈȑȟȈȚȈ ȒȈȒ șȗȘȍșșȖȊȈȕȕȣȍ ȚȍșȕȖ-ȚȍșȕȖ ȗȘȐȎȈȊȠȐșȤ ȌȘțȋ Ȓ ȌȘțȋț ȓȍ-
ȎȈȓȐ ȕȈ Ȍȕȍ ȧȡȐȒȈ ǶȉȈ ȖȚșȟȐȚȣȊȈȓȐ ȔȐȕțȚȣ
«ǸȈȏ ȌȊȈ ȚȘȐ» — ȌȖ ȠȍșȚȐȌȍșȧȚȐ Ȑ șȕȖȊȈ ǶȚșȟȐȚȈȓȐ ȗȧȚȤ ȔȐȕțȚ ș ȔȖ-
ȔȍȕȚȈ ȖȚȝȖȌȈ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȧ ș ȜȈȉȘȐȒȐ ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ ȐȏȌȈȓȐ ȗȖșȓȣȠȈȓȐșȤ ȒȘȐȒȐ
— ǹȚȖ-Ȗ-Ȗȑ ǬȍȘȎȐ Ȑȝ
— ǷȖȌȗȈȓȐȊȈȑ
— ǹȚȘȍȓȧȑ
 ǺȘȘȈ-ȚȈ-ȚȈ-ȚȘȈȝ
ǸȍȉȧȚȈ ȏȈȔȍȘȓȐ Ȋ țȎȈșȍ
— ǶȖȑ-Ȗȑ-Ȗȑ ǷȖȋȖȕȧ ȏȈ ȕȈȔȐ ǹȍȑȟȈș ȐȏȓȖȊȧȚ Ȑ ȘȈșȚȍȘȏȈȦȚ ȕȈș ǷȘȖ-
ȡȈȑ ǹȧȖ
ǺȘȘȈȝ. Țȏȏȏȣ
ǿȚȖ-ȚȖ ȓȖȗȕțȓȖ Ȑ ȏȈȠȐȗȍȓȖ ȗȖȌ ȕȐȔȐ ǶȉȌțȔȈȕȕȣȑ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓ ȗțȓȧ ȗȘȖ-
ȉȐȓȈ ȠȐȕț Ȑ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȤ ȏȈȒȖȊȣȓȧȊ ȒȖȓȍșȖȔ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ
ǸȍȉȧȚȈ ȊȏȊȣȓȐ dzȐȞȈ ȋȖȘȍȓȐ Ȋ ȓȐȗȒȐȝ ȎȋțȟȐȝ șȓȍȏȈȝ ǵȈ ȓȉț ȖȚ ȐșȗțȋȈ ȝȖ-
ȓȖȌȕȈȧ ȐșȗȈȘȐȕȈ
ǩȓȐȎȍ ȒȘȐȒȐ ǪȣșȚȘȍȓȣ ǺȖȗȖȚ șȖȚȍȕ ȕȖȋ ȉȍȋțȡȐȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ
ǪȖȒȘțȋ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȧ țȎȍ ȉȍșȕȖȊȈȓȐșȤ ȓȦȌȐ DzȈȒ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȍ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖ ȘȈș-
ȗȘȖșȚȍȘȓȐșȤ ȒȐȚȈȑȟȈȚȈ ȕȈ Ȍȕȍ șȗȐȟȍȟȕȖȋȖ- ȧȡȐȒȈ
— ǷȖȌȗȈȓȐȔ ǹȖȎȎȍȔ ȥȚȖ ȌȤȧȊȖȓȖȊȖ ȌȖȉȘȖ — ȕȈȌȘȣȊȈȓșȧ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ Ȋ ȚȖȓȗȍ
ǶȉȍȏțȔȍȊȠȐȔ ȒȐȚȈȑȟȈȚȈȔ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȊȖȚ-ȊȖȚ ȘȈȏȖȔ ȊșȗȣȝȕțȚ ȧȡȐȒȐ șȖ
șȗȐȟȒȈȔȐ
Dz ȋȖȘȓț ȗȖȌșȚțȗȈȓȈ ȌȈȊȧȡȈȧ șȗȈȏȔȈ ȒȈȒ ȖȚ ȍȌȒȖȋȖ țȌțȠȓȐȊȖȋȖ ȌȣȔȈ
— ǹȚȖȑ — ȊȏȘȍȊȍȓ ȔȖȋțȟȐȑ ȋȖȓȖș — ǷțșȚȤ ȥȚȐ ȧȡȐȒȐ ȉțȌțȚ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȚȘȐȉț-
ȕȖȑ Ȑ ȕȈȠȐȔȐ ȉȈȘȘȐȒȈȌȈȔȐ
ǰ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒȐ ȘȈșșȓȣȠȈȓȐ ȒȈȒ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ ȊșȒȖȟȐȓ ȕȈ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȤ ȊȏȖȉȘȈȓșȧ ȕȈ
ȧȡȐȒȐ Ȑ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏ ȕȈȌ ȚȍȔ ȒȘȈȑȕȐȔ ȧȡȐȒȖȔ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȕȈȝȖȌȐ-
ȓȐșȤ ȖȕȐ
— ǺȖȊȈȘȐȡȐ — ȘȈȏȌȈȓșȧ ȚȖȚ Ȏȍ ȔȖȋțȟȐȑ ȋȖȓȖș — ǹȓțȠȈȑȚȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȇ — ȗȘȍȌ-
șȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȤ ȊȈȠȍȋȖ ȠȚȈȉȈ — ǹțȕ-Ǽț Ǫ ȥȚȖȚ ȊȍȓȐȒȐȑ ȟȈș Ȕȣ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȉȣȚȤ ȘȈș-
șțȌȐȚȍȓȤȕȣ Ȑ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȖȊȈȕȣ ǵȍ ȕȈȌȖ ȗȖȋȘȖȔȖȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȔȖȋțȚ ȗȘȐȊȍșȚȐ Ȓ ȏȈ-
ȔȍȠȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊț ǪȔȍșȚȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ șȎȐȋȈȚȤ ȏȘȧ ȥȚȐ ȚȖȊȈȘȣ ȉȍȓȣȝ șȖȉȈȒ Ȕȣ Ȑȝ
ȘȈȏȌȈȌȐȔ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȉȍȌȕȖȚȍ Ȉ ȧȡȐȒȐ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȐ ȗȖȑȌțȚ ȕȈ ȉȈȘȘȐȒȈȌȣ
ǸȍȉȧȚȈ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȓȖ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȧ
— ǹȧȖ Țȣ șȓȣȠȐȠȤ" — ȠȍȗȚȈȓ Ȋ șȈȔȖȍ țȝȖ șȖșȍȌț ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȕȣȑ ǺȐȕ — DzȚȖ
ȥȚȖ ȚȈȔ ȚȈȒȐȍ" ǷȖȟȍȔț ȖȕȐ ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ ȕȍ ȚȘȖȋȈȦȚ ȕȈș"
ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ ȗȘȖȕȍșȓȖșȤ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ ȉȓȐȏȒȖ
— ǬȈ ȏȌȘȈȊșȚȊțȍȚ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȧ
— ǬȖȓȖȑ ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕȕȣȝ șȖȉȈȒ

157
DzȘȣȠȒȈ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȒȘȈȑȕȍȋȖ ȧȡȐȒȈ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏ ȗȖȌ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ ȖȘȈȚȖȘȈ ǹțȕ-Ǽț ȗȘȐ-
ȖȚȒȘȣȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȒȈȒ Ȑȏ ȐȋȘțȠȍȟȕȖȋȖ ȧȡȐȒȈ ȊȣȕȣȘȕțȓȐ ȌȊȍ șȚȘȐȎȍȕȣȍ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ
ǺȖȓȗȈ ȠȈȘȈȝȕțȓȈșȤ ȖȚ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖșȚȐ ȏȈȋțȌȍȓȈ Ȋ ȕȍȌȖțȔȍȕȐȐ
ǹțȕ-Ǽț ȕȈȒȓȖȕȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȘȍȉȧȚȈȔ
— Ǫȣ ȗȖșȚȘȍȓȣ ȒȈȒ șȦȌȈ ȗȖȗȈȓȐ" — ȌȖȉȘȖȌțȠȕȖ ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ Ȗȕ
— Ǵȣ — ȘȈȉȖȟȐȍ șȗȐȟȍȟȕȖȑ ȜȈȉȘȐȒȐ ǻȉȍȎȈȓȐ ȖȚ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȣȝ ȉȍȓȣȝ ȌȤȧ-
ȊȖȓȖȊ — ȘȈȏȖȔ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓȐ ǹȧȖ Ȑ ǺȐȕ
ǹțȕ-Ǽț șȖȖȉȘȈȏȐȓ Ȋ ȟȍȔ ȚțȚ ȌȍȓȖ ǭȋȖ ȘȈșȒȖșȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȚȐȓȐșȤ ȖȚ șȔȍ-
ȝȈ Ȋ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȍ ȗȘȣȋȈȦȡȐȍ ȡȍȓȖȟȒȐ ǵȖ Ȗȕ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ ȖȉȖȘȊȈȓ ȕȍțȔȍșȚȕȣȑ
șȔȍȝ
ǶȘȈȚȖȘ ȎȍșȚȐȒțȓȐȘțȧ ȏȈȋȘȍȔȍȓ ȕȈȌ ȚȖȓȗȖȑ
— ǺȖȊȈȘȐȡȐ ǪȖȚ ȊȖȚ ȊȐȌȐȚȍ ȕȈ Ȑȝ șȗȐȕȈȝ ȕȖȔȍȘȈ ȒȈȒ ȕȈ ȔȍȠȒȈȝ ș ȉȖ-
ȉȈȔȐ — ǹțȕ-Ǽț ȓȖȊȒȖ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓ ȘȍȉȧȚ șȗȐȕȖȑ Ȓ ȚȖȓȗȍ — ȅȚȖ — ȕȈȠȐ ȒȐȚȈȑ-
șȒȐȍ ȌȍȚȐ ȏȈȕțȔȍȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȍ ȉȍȓȣȔȐ șȖȉȈȒȈȔȐ ǶȕȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ șȉȍȎȈȓȐ ș ȜȈȉ-
ȘȐȒȐ
— ǽȈȖ ǽȈȖ ǽȈȖ — ȕȍȐșȚȖȊȖ ȗȘȐȊȍȚșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈ ȚȖȓȗȈ Ȧȕȣȝ ȉȍȋȓȍȞȖȊ
— ȅȚȖ — ȕȈȠȐ ȌȍȚȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȚȣșȧȟȈȔȐ șȒțȗȈȦȚ ȉȍȓȣȍ ȌȤȧȊȖȓȣ ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȋȣ-
ȎȈȊ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ Ȋșȍ șȖȒȐ ȊȣȒȐȕțȚȤ ȉȖȓȤȕȣȝ ȒȈȒ ȔțșȖȘ ȕȈ țȓȐȞȣ ȐȓȐ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȝ ȕȈ
șȊȈȓȒț ȅȚȐ ȌȊȈ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȝ ȗȘȖȓȍȚȈȘȐȧ — ȕȈȠȍ ȉțȌțȡȍȍ Ȑ ȍșȓȐ Ȕȣ ȏȈȓȤȍȔ
șȊȖȍȦ ȒȘȖȊȤȦ țȓȐȞȣ ȀȈȕȝȈȧ ȗȖȊȍȘȤȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȚ ȕȈȠȍ ȗȘȈȊȖȍ Ȍȍ-
ȓȖ

158
— ǽȈȖ ǽȈȖ ǽȈȖ
— ǭșȓȐ Ȕȣ ȕȍ țȊȐȌȐȔ ȖȕȐ ȕȈȠȐ ȌȍȚȐ țȊȐȌȧȚ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȣȑ șȖȊȍȚșȒȐȑ DzȐ-
ȚȈȑ
ǸȍȉȧȚȈ țȎȍ ȏȈȉȣȓȐ ȕȍȌȈȊȕȐȍ șȚȘȈȝȐ Ȑ ȓȐȒȖȊȈȓȐ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȕȈȘȖȌȖȔ
— Dz ȖȘțȎȐȦ ǸțșșȒȐȍ ȉȍȓȖȋȊȈȘȌȍȑȞȣ Ȑ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓȤșȒȐȍ șȖȓȌȈȚȣ
ǹțȕ-Ǽț ȔȍȚȕțȓ ȘȍȉȧȚ Ȋ ȚȖȓȗț Ȋ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȚȣȍ ȘțȒȐ ȒțȓȐ Ȑ șȈȔ ȓȖȊȒȐȔ țȗȘț-
ȋȐȔ ȗȘȣȎȒȖȔ șȗȘȣȋȕțȓ ȕȈȏȍȔȤ Ȑ șȔȍȠȈȓșȧ ș ȚȖȓȗȖȑ
ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȐ ȉȖȍȊȣȍ ȌȕȐ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȚȖȋȖ ȠȈȕȝȈȑșȒȖȋȖ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȘȖȚȈ ǹȧȖ Ȑ ǺȐȕȈ
ȚȖȓȗȈ ȖȚȚȍșȕȐȓȈ ȕȈȏȈȌ ǸȍȉȧȚȈ ȖȟțȚȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȖȒȘȈȐȕȍ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȝ ȒȊȈȘȚȈȓȖȊ
ǶǷȇǺȄ ǵǨ ǸǭDzǭ
Ǫ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑșȒȖȔ șȍȚȓȔȍȕȚȍ ȖȗțȚȈȕȕȖȔ șȖ Ȋșȍȝ șȚȖȘȖȕ ȐȏȋȖȘȖȌȤȦ ȗȘȖȊȖȓȖȟ-
ȕȣȝ ȏȈȋȘȈȎȌȍȕȐȑ ȗȘȐȚȈȐȓȐșȤ șȈȔȣȍ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȍ ȊȘȈȋȐ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȖȑ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȐ
— ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕȞȣ-ȐȔȗȍȘȐȈȓȐșȚȣ ǵȈ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑșȒȐȝ țȓȐȞȈȝ șȚȖȧȚ ȗțȓȍȔȍȚȣ șȊȍȘ-
ȒȈȍȚ ȖȘțȎȐȍ
ǹȧȖ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȖȌȐȕ ǺȐȕ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ țȉȍȎȈȓ ȌȖȉȘȖȊȖȓȤȞȍȔ Ȋ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȖȕȕțȦ
ȈȘȔȐȦ
ǹȧȖ ȘȈȏțȏȕȈȓ Ȗ ȜȈȉȘȐȒȍ DzȐȕț ȕȖ-ǻȟȐ ȖȕȈ Ȋ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑșȒȖȔ ȒȊȈȘȚȈȓȍ ǵȖ ȕȈ-
ȗȘȈșȕȖ Ȗȕ ȘȣȡȍȚ ȊȖȒȘțȋ șȍȚȓȔȍȕȚȈ — ȊșȦȌț ȕȈ ȗțȚȐ ȔȍȚȈȓȓȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȚȍȘȕȖȊ-
ȕȐȒ ȒȖȓȦȟȐȍ ȠȐȗȣ ȕȍȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȔȖȑ ȗȘȖȊȖȓȖȒȐ ǵȍ ȗȘȖȉȘȈȚȤșȧ Ȓ șȍșȚȘȍ
DzȖȋȌȈ «ȘȍȟȕȖȑ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒ» ȗȖȗȈȌȈȓ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋ ȘȍȒȐ ǪȈȔȗț ȍȔț șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȖșȤ
ȚȧȎȒȖ ș ȕȖȊȖȑ șȐȓȖȑ ȊȣșȚțȗȈȓȈ ȚȖșȒȈ ȗȖ ȘȖȌȐȔȖȑ șȍȔȤȍ
ǹȘȍȌȐ Șȍȟȕȣȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȔȈȧȟȈȡȐȝ ȗȖ ȋȘȧȏȕȣȔ ȊȖȓȕȈȔ Ȋ șȒȖȘȓțȗȈȝ-ȠȈȔȗțȕ-
ȒȈȝ ȔȈȓȤȟȖȕȒȈ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȈȓ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȍ ȜȐȋțȘȒȐ ǺȖ ȍȔț ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ț ȊȍșȓȈ Ȧȓȣ
ȘȈșȒȈȟȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ țȋȘȦȔȖȋȖ ȖȚȞȈ ȚȖ Ȋ ȖȉȖȘȊȈȕȕȖȑ ȒȐȚȈȧȕȒȍ șȊȍ-
șȐȊȠȍȑșȧ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȉȖȘȚ ȟȍȘȗȕțȚȤ ȊȖȌȣ ȔȍȘȍȡȐȓȈșȤ ȔȈȚȤ șȍȌȣȍ ȓȖȝȔȣ ȘȣȉȈȒȈ
ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȓȐ ȊȖȘȟȓȐȊȖȋȖ ȌȍȌȈ Ȋ ȗȖȓțȋȖȓȣȝ ȘȍȉȧȚȈȝ Ȗȕ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȈȓ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȍ
ȟȍȘȚȣ ȉȘȈȚȐȠȍȒ
ǿȈșȚȖ ȉȣȊȈȍȚ ȚȈȒ ȐȌȍȠȤ ȗȖ țȓȐȞȍ Ȑ ȌțȔȈȍȠȤ Ȗ ȒȖȔ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ǰ ȊȖȚ ȚȖ ȚȈȔ
ȚȖ ȚțȚ șȘȍȌȐ ȗȘȖȝȖȎȐȝ ȊȐȌȐȠȤ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȗȖȝȖȎȍȋȖ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏ
ȕȈ ȚȖȋȖ Ȗ ȒȖȔ ȌțȔȈȍȠȤ
ǺȈȒ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ Ȑ ș ǹȧȖ ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȍȔț ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȠȈȔȗțȕȒȍ ȖȚȝȖȌȧ-
ȡȍȑ ȖȚ ȉȍȘȍȋȈ Ȗȕ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȊȐȌȐȚ ȘȖȌȕțȦ șȍȔȤȦ
— ǴȈȔȈ ǴȈȔȈ ǷȖȌȖȎȌȐȚȍ — ȕȍ șȊȖȐȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒ
dzȖȌȒȈ șȒȘȣȓȈșȤ ȏȈ ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒȐȔ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȖȔ
ǸȈȏȌȈȓșȧ ȗȓȍșȒ ȊȖȌȣ Ȑ șȘȍȌȐ ȠȈȔȗțȕȖȒ ȠȈȓȈȕȌ ȌȎȖȕȖȒ Ȑ șțȌȖȊ ȕȈȌ ȊȖ-
ȌȖȑ ȏȈȗȘȣȋȈȓȈ ȋȖȓȖȊȒȈ ȒȐȚȈȑȟȖȕȒȈ ǹȧȖ ȊȗȓȈȊȤ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ ȏȈ «ȘȖȌȕȖȑ» ȓȖȌȒȖȑ
ǸȍȟȕȖȑ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒ ȘȖȎȌȍȕȕȣȑ ȕȈ ȇȕ-Ǿȏȣ-Ǿȏȧȕȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȊȖȌȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖ-
ȊȈȓ șȍȉȧ țȊȍȘȍȕȕȍȑ ȟȍȔ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ Ƕȕ ȉȣșȚȘȖ-ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȓȣȓ ȗȖȌȋȘȍȉȈȧ ȘțȒȈ-
ȔȐ ȗȖȌ șȍȉȧ

159
ǪȖȚ țȎȍ Ȑ ȋȐȋȈȕȚ-ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌ ǹȧȖ ȦȘȒȕțȓ ȊȖȏȓȍ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȕȖșȈ șțȌȕȈ ǷȍȘȍȌ
ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ — ȓȖȌȒȈ ȏȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȗȖȋȕȈȓșȧ ǹȧȖ ǶȕȈ ȗȖȟȍȔț-ȚȖ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȈșȤ DzȐ-
ȚȈȑȟȖȕȖȒ ȧșȕȖ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȐȓ Ȋ ȓȖȌȒȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȟțȎȐȍ ȓȦȌȐ
ǹȐȓȣ ȖȚ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȐȧ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓȐ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒȈ ǹȓȍȏȣ ȏȈșȚȐȓȈȓȐ ȋȓȈȏȈ ǶȉȍșșȐȓȍȕ-
ȕȣȍ ȘțȒȐ ȕȍ ȗȖȊȐȕȖȊȈȓȐșȤ ȕȖ Ȗȕ — ȕȈ șȍȘȍȌȐȕȍ ȘȍȒȐ ǵȈȌȖ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȚȤșȧ ȕȈ
ȉȍȘȍȋ
ǹȧȖ ȍȓȍ-ȍȓȍ ȗȍȘȍȉȐȘȈȧ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ȗȘȖȗȓȣȓ ȔȐȔȖ ȋȐȋȈȕȚȈ-ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȈ ǪȌȘțȋ
ȒȈȒ ȕȈȏȓȖ ȕȈȊșȚȘȍȟț ȉȣșȚȘȣȑ ȒȈȚȍȘ ȗȘȖȕȍșșȧ Ȋ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ șȈȎȍȕȧȝ ȖȚ ǹȧȖ Ǫȣ-
șȖȒȈȧ ȊȖȓȕȈ ȏȈȝȓȍșȚȕțȓȈ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒȈ Ƕȕ ȗȖȗȣȚȈȓșȧ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȒȘȐȒȕțȚȤ
ǩțȓȤ-ȉțȓȤ Ǫ ȘȖȚ Ȋ ȕȖȏȌȘȐ ȝȓȣȕțȓȈ ȊȖȌȈ
ǹ ȕȍȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȣȔȐ țșȐȓȐȧȔȐ ǹȧȖ ȊȣȘȊȈȓșȧ ȕȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȤ ǭȋȖ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓȐ
ǵȈ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȖȔ ȒȘȍȑșȍȘȍ ȔȈȚȘȖșȣ ȘȈȏȊȓȍȒȈȧșȤ ȝȓȖȗȈȓȐ Ȋ ȓȈȌȖȠȐ ȝȖȝȖȚȈȓȐ
ǹȗȖȘȐȓȐ ȌȖȗȓȣȊȍȚ ȓȐ ȒȐȚȈȑȟȖȕȖȒ
ǹțȌȖȘȖȋȈ șȊȍȓȈ ȕȖȋȐ ǹȧȖ ǺȖȟȕȖ ȒȈȒțȦ-ȚȖ ȚȧȎȍȓțȦ ȊȍȡȤ ȗȘȐȊȧȏȈȓȐ Ȓ ȗȧȚ-
ȒȈȔ Ȑ ȥȚȈ ȚȧȎȍșȚȤ ȗȖȚȧȕțȓȈ ȖȉȍȏțȔȍȊȠȍȋȖ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒȈ ȕȈ ȌȕȖ ȘȍȒȐ
ǷȘȐȚȖȘȕȣȑ ȍȌȒȐȑ ȏȈȗȈȝ ȎȈȘȍȕȖȋȖ ȉȖȉȖȊȖȋȖ ȔȈșȓȈ ȖșȚȘȣȑ ȈȘȖȔȈȚ ȟȍșȕȖ-
ȒȈ ȡȍȒȖȚȈȓȐ ȕȖȏȌȘȐ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȗȘȖȉȓȍșȒȐ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȧ DzȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȍȘȍȏ
ȕȖș Ȋ ǹȧȖ ȊȝȖȌȐȓȈ ȎȐȏȕȤ
ǷȘȐȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȖȚȧȎȍȓȍȊȠȐȍ ȊȍȒȐ ǯȈȔȖȘȋȈȓ ǷȍȘȍȌ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȏȈȗȘȣȋȈȓȐ ȏȈ-
ȔȈȧȟȐȓȐ ȔȈȟȚȣ ȕȍȉȍșȈ ȗȈȘțșȈ ȖȉȓȈȒȈ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȓȦȌȐ ȚȦȒȐ ȚȖȊȈȘȖȊ ǹȧȖ ȓȍ-
ȎȈȓ ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉȍ ȊȖȏȓȍ șțȌȖȊȖȑ ȒțȝȕȐ
— ǵț ȟȚȖ ȔȈȓȤȟȖȕȖȒ ȕȈȋȓȖȚȈȓșȧ ȊȖȌȐȟȒȐ Ȉ" — ȕȈȌ ǹȧȖ șȒȓȖȕȐȓȈșȤ ȏȈȉȈȊ-
ȕȈȧ ȜȐȋțȘȈ ȚȖȓșȚȖȋȖ ȒȖȒȈ — șțȌȖȊȖȋȖ ȗȖȊȈȘȈ
— ǫȌȍ ȧ" — ȍȓȍ șȓȣȠȕȖ ȗȘȖȓȍȗȍȚȈȓ ǹȧȖ
— Ƕ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȌȘțȋ Țȣ țȎȍ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȖȚ ȀȈȕȝȈȧ ȕȖ ȔȖȋ ȉȣ ȉȣȚȤ ȍȡȍ
ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȕȈ ȚȖȔ șȊȍȚȍ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȧ Țȍȉȧ ȊȖȊȘȍȔȧ ȕȍ ȊȣȚȈȡȐȓ ȏȈ țȠȐ șȖ ȌȕȈ ȘȍȒȐ
ȕȈ ȥȚȖȚ șȊȍȚ
ǬȖȉȘȖȌțȠȕȣȑ ȗȖȊȈȘ ș ȊȍșȍȓȣȔȐ ȗȘȐȉȈțȚȒȈȔȐ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒț ȒȈȒ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȌ șȈȔȣȔ ȖȚȝȖȌȖȔ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȈ Ȗȕ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ țȚȖȗȈȦȡȍȋȖ ȒȐȚȈȑȟȖȕȒȈ ǷȖȊȈȘ ȉȣ-
șȚȘȖ șȉȘȖșȐȓ ș șȍȉȧ ȝȈȓȈȚ ȕȣȘȕțȓ ȗȘȧȔȖ ș ȉȖȘȚȈ șțȌȕȈ Ȋ ȊȖȌț Ȑ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȍș-
ȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȐȕțȚ ǹȧȖ țȎȍ ȉȣȓ ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉȍ
— ǹȖȊȍȡȈȓȐșȤ Ȕȣ ȒțȌȈ Țȍȉȧ ȌȍȚȤ" «ǻȎ ȒȖȓȐ ȧ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȌȖȉȘȈȓ ȕȈ Ȍȕȍ ȘȍȒȐ

160
ȗțșȚȤ Ȗȕ ȉțȌȍȚ ȔȖȐȔ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒȖȔ» ȏȈȧȊȐȓ ȧ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕț ǵț ȊȖȚ Ȑ ȉțȌȍȠȤ Țȣ
șțȌȖȊȣȔ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒȖȔ Ȋ ȗȖȔȖȡȤ Ȕȕȍ ǷȖ ȘțȒȈȔ" — ǷȖȊȈȘ ȗȘȐȗȖȌȕȧȓ ǹȧȖ ș ȗȈ-
ȓțȉȣ Ȑ țșȈȌȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȉȖȟȖȕȖȒ ș șȖȍȑ — Ǩ ȗȖȒȈ ȟȚȖ ȖȟțȝȈȑșȧ ȒȈȒ șȓȍȌțȍȚ Ǵȕȍ
ȕȍȌȖșțȋ ȗȖȑȌț ȗȖȊȈȘȐȚȤ
ǺȈȒ ǹȧȖ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȕȈ ȘȖȌȕȖȑ ȘȍȒȍ ȇȕ-Ǿȏȣ-Ǿȏȧȕȍ
ǪȕȐȏ-ȊȊȍȘȝ ȗȘȖȗȓȣȊȈȓȐ ȕȍșȔȍȚȕȣȍ șȈȔȣȍ ȘȈȏȕȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȍ șțȌȈ ǪȕȐȏ — ș
ȗȓȖȌȖȘȖȌȕȖȑ ȉȖȋȈȚȍȑȠȍȑ ȌȖȓȐȕȣ ȇȕ- Ǿȏȣ-ǾȏȧȕȈ șȗȓȈȊȓȧȓȐ Ȋ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȕțȦ
ȗȈșȚȤ ȗȘȖȎȖȘȓȐȊȖȋȖ ȀȈȕȝȈȧ șȣȘȤȍ ȓȍș ȘțȌȣ ȒȖȎț ȡȍȚȐȕț ȠȍȓȒ ȟȈȑ ȉȖȉȣ,
ȘȐș Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ — ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕȞȈȔ
ǪȊȍȘȝ ȗȖ ȘȍȒȍ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȧȓȐșȤ șțȌȈ ȕȈȋȘțȎȍȕȕȣȍ ȋȖȚȖȊȣȔȐ ȐȏȌȍȓȐȧȔȐ ȔȈ-
ȕțȜȈȒȚțȘȖȑ ȗȈȗȐȘȖșȈȔȐ ȖȗȐțȔȖȔ
ǩȖȋȈȚȖȍ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȖȍ șțȌȕȖ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȚȈȒ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ ȖȟțȚȐȓșȧ ȕȈȠ ȒȐ-
ȚȈȑȟȖȕȖȒ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȌȕȐȔ Ȑȏ ȚȈȒȐȝ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȖ-ȗȈșșȈȎȐȘșȒȐȝ șțȌȖȊ ȗȍȘȍȗȘȈȊȓȧȦ-
ȡȐȝ ȋȖȚȖȊȣȍ ȐȏȌȍȓȐȧ ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕȞȍȊ ȊȊȍȘȝ Ȑ șȣȘȤȍ ȊȕȐȏ ȗȖ ȘȍȒȍ
ǹȧȖ ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȗȖȗȈȓ ȕȈ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȍ șțȌȕȖ ǰ ȍȌȊȈ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ Ȋ șȍȉȧ ȒȈȒ
țȎȍ ȗȘȐȕȧȓșȧ ȗȖ ȘȍȉȧȟȤȍȔț ȖȉȣȟȈȦ ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȤ ȊȌȖȓȤ Ȑ ȗȖȗȍȘȍȒ șțȌȕȖ
ǵȈșȚțȗȈȓȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ țȎȐȕȈ ǶȏȈȉȖȟȍȕȕȣȑ ȒȖȒ ș ȚȘțȌȖȔ ȖȚȣșȒȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ Ȋ
ȗȍȒȓȍ ȔȈȠȐȕȕȖȋȖ ȖȚȌȍȓȍȕȐȧ ǹȧȖ ȗțȟȐȓ ȋȓȈȏȍȕȒȐ ȕȈ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȣȍ ȔȈȠȐȕȣ
— ǵț ȗȈȘȍȕȍȒ ȗȖȘȈ Ȑ ȏȈ ȌȍȓȖ ȗȘȐȕȧȚȤșȧ ǮȐȊȖ ȕȈ ȒțȝȕȦ
ǪșȒȖȘȍ ǹȧȖ ȘȈȏȕȖșȐȓ ȗȈșșȈȎȐȘȈȔ ȈȘȖȔȈȚȕțȦ ȗȈȘȕțȦ șȕȍȌȤ Ȋ ȞȊȍȚȖȟȕȣȝ
ȟȈȠȍȟȒȈȝ ȕȈ ȓȈȒȖȊȣȝ ȒȘȈșȕȣȝ ȗȖȌȕȖșȈȝ
ǯȈȉȍȋȈȓșȧ ǹȧȖ Ȑ Ȋ șțȔȈȚȖȝȍ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȒȈȒ șȚȍȔȕȍȓȖ ǵȈ ȘȍȒȍ ȏȈȗȘȣȋȈȓȐ
ȖȚȘȈȎȍȕȕȣȍ ȏȊȍȏȌȣ
ǩȣȓȖ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȕȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȑ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȕȍ ȘȍȠȈȓșȧ ȕȖȟȤȦ ȐȌȚȐ ȊȊȍȘȝ ȗȖ ȘȍȒȍ
ǪșȦȌț ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ Ȋ țȏȒȐȝ ȔȍșȚȈȝ ȘȍȒȐ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȎȐȌȈȚȤ ȏȈșȈȌȣ ǷȖ ȉȍȘȍ-
ȋȈȔ ȘȈȏȉȖȑȕȐȟȈȓȐ ȖȌȐȟȈȊȠȐȍ șȖȓȌȈȚȣ ȚȈȑȕȣȍ ȉȖȍȊȣȍ ȖȚȘȧȌȣ ȒȘȍșȚȤȧȕ ȕȈȗȈ-
ȌȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȉȖȋȈȚȣȍ șțȌȈ
DzȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȓ ȗȘȐȟȈȓȐȚȤ Ȓ ȉȍȘȍȋț ǹȚȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȧȒȖȘȤ
Dz ȉȖȘȚȈȔ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȈ ȗȖȌȗȓȣȊȈȓȐ ȠȈȔȗțȕȒȐ ȌȎȖȕȒȐ ǵȈ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȝ ȘȍȒȈȝ
ȚȈȒ ȗȘȐȕȧȚȖ șțȌȈ Ȑ ȓȖȌȒȐ ȗȖ ȊȍȟȍȘȈȔ șȖȉȐȘȈȦȚșȧ Țȍșȕȍȑ Ȓ ȉȍȘȍȋț ȟȚȖȉȣ ȊȔȍ-
șȚȍ ȗȍȘȍȎȌȈȚȤ ȕȖȟȤ
DzȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ ȘȈȌȖȊȈȓȖ ȔȕȖȎȍșȚȊȖ ȓȖȌȟȖȕȖȒ Ȗȕ ȉȖȧȓșȧ ȏȈ ȉȖȋȈȚȣȑ ȋȘțȏ
ǵȖ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȤ ȗȘȐȚȈȐȓȈșȤ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏ ȚȈȔ ȋȌȍ ȍȍ ȔȍȕȤȠȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȔȖȋ ȖȎȐȌȈȚȤ ȒȈ-
ȗȐȚȈȕ
ǸȖȊȕȖ Ȋ ȗȖȓȕȖȟȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȈ șțȌȕȍ ȟȍȚȣȘȍȎȌȣ ȗȘȖȉȐȓȐ șȒȓȧȕȒȐ Ȋ ȔȈȓȍȕȤ-
ȒȐȝ ȓȖȌȟȖȕȒȈȝ ȊȌȘțȋ ȒȈȒ ȗȖ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȍ ȊșȗȣȝȕțȓȐ ȜȈȒȍȓȣ Ȑ șȖȚȕȐ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȊȖ-
ȖȘțȎȍȕȕȣȝ ȗȐȒȈȔȐ ȘȐȕțȓȐșȤ ș ȋȐȒȖȔ ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉț ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȈ
ǷȖȌ ȊȐȌȖȔ ȔȐȘȕȣȝ «Șȍȟȕȣȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ» ȕȈ ȕȖȟȓȍȋ Ȓ șȈȔȖȔț șțȌȕț ȗȘȖȉȘȈȓȐșȤ
«DzȘȈșȕȣȍ ȗȐȒȐ»...
ǪșȒȖȘȍ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȈ Ȑ ȗȈșșȈȎȐȘȣ Ȋ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȕșȚȊȍ — ȒțȗȞȣ Ȑ ȚȖȘȋȖ-
Ȋȣȍ ȈȋȍȕȚȣ — șȐȌȍȓȐ șȊȧȏȈȕȕȣȍ ȌȘțȋ ș ȌȘțȋȖȔ Ȋ ȒțȟȒȍ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț ȘȍȒȐ ǬȈȎȍ
ȔȈȓȤȟȖȕȒț ǹȧȖ ȗȘȐȊȧȏȈȓȐ ȊȍȘȍȊȒȖȑ Ȓ ȘȈȏȊȍșȐșȚȖȔț ȉȈȕȤȧȕț
ǵȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ «DzȘȈșȕȣȝ ȗȐȒ» ș ȘțȎȤȧȔȐ ȕȈ ȐȏȋȖȚȖȊȒȍ ȖȝȘȈȕȧȓȐ ȏȧȉȕțȡȐȝ
ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐȊȣȝ ȗȓȍȕȕȐȒȖȊ
ǹ șțȌȕȈ Ȋ ȌȎȖȕȒȐ ȕȈșȗȍȝ ȗȍȘȍȋȘțȎȈȓȐ ȚȦȒȐ ș ȔȈȕțȜȈȒȚțȘȖȑ ȧȡȐȒȐ șȐȋȈ-

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ȘȍȚ Ȑ ȖȗȐțȔȈ ȒȖȕșȍȘȊȣ ǵȈȋȘțȎȍȕȕȣȍ ȌȖȊȍȘȝț ȌȎȖȕȒȐ ȖȌȕȈ ȏȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖ
țȗȓȣȊȈȓȐ ȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ ȊȊȍȘȝ ȗȖ ȘȍȒȍ Ȑ ȐșȟȍȏȈȓȐ ȊȖ ȚȤȔȍ
ǹȧȖ ȗȘȖȏȧȉ Ƕȕ șȖ șȚȘȈȝȖȔ ȘȈȏȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȓ ȏȈȋȖȘȍȓȣȝ ȗȖȓțȋȖȓȣȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȊȖ-
ȖȘțȎȍȕȕȣȝ ȗȐȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȘțȎȤȧȔȐ
— ǪȈȕ-Ǫȍȑ — ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ ȊșȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ǹȧȖ Ȑ ȘȊȈȕțȓșȧ ȖȚ ȌȍȘȍȊȈ ǪȍȘȍȊȒȈ ȉȖ-
ȓȤȕȖ ȊȘȍȏȈȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȖȉȕȈȎȍȕȕȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ
ǰȏ ȋȘțȗȗȣ «DzȘȈșȕȣȝ ȗȐȒ» ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȕȣȝ ȜȈȒȍȓȈȔȐ ȊȣȌȍȓȐȓȈșȤ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȏȕȈ-
ȒȖȔȈȧ ȕȈȔ ȜȐȋțȘȈ ǪȈȕ-Ǫȍȧ
ǰ șȚȈȘȣȑ ȌȘțȋ șȍȔȤȐ Dzț Ȇȕ-șțȕȈ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖ ȖșȒȈȓȐȊ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ ȓȖȠȈȌȐȕȣȍ
ȏțȉȣ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȔț ǹȧȖ
«DzǸǨǹǵȃǭ ǷǰDzǰ»
ǴȕȖȋȖ ȊȘȈȋȖȊ ț ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȖȋȖ ȒȘȍșȚȤȧȕȐȕȈ
ǰ ȊȖȚ Ȋ șȘȍȌȍ ȔȕȖȋȖȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȕȖȋȖ ȕȈȘȖȌȈ ȊȖȏȕȐȒȈȦȚ ȚȈȑȕȣȍ ȉȖȍȊȣȍ Ȗȉȡȍ-
șȚȊȈ «DzȘȈșȕȣȍ ǿȍȘȕȣȍ ǮȍȓȚȣȍ ǩȍȓȣȍ ȗȐȒȐ», «ǩȖȓȤȠȐȍ ȕȖȎȐ», «ǺȘȖȑȕȈȧ
ȗȖȓȤȏȈ», «ǺȊȍȘȌȣȍ șȍȘȌȞȈ», «ǹȚȈȘȠȐȍ ȉȘȈȚȤȧ» Ȑ ȗȘ
DzȖȕȍȟȕȈȧ ȞȍȓȤ Ȋșȍȝ ȥȚȐȝ ȚȈȑȕȣȝ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊ ȖȉȢȍȌȐȕȧȦȡȐȝ ȗȘȍȐȔțȡȍșȚȊȍȕ-
ȕȖ ȒȘȍșȚȤȧȕșȒțȦ ȉȍȌȕȖȚț — ȗȖȓȕȍȑȠȍȍ ȖșȊȖȉȖȎȌȍȕȐȍ DzȐȚȈȧ ȖȚ ȗȖȔȍȡȐȒȖȊ ȋȍ-
ȕȍȘȈȓȖȊ Ȑ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȖȚ ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕȞȍȊ
ǹȘȍȌȐ ȒȘȍșȚȤȧȕșȒȐȝ ȚȈȑȕȣȝ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊ ȧȘȟȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȊȣȌȍȓȧȦȚșȧ «DzȘȈșȕȣȍ ȗȐ-
ȒȐ» ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȚȈȒ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȦȚșȧ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȕȈ ȖȘțȎȐȐ ȟȓȍȕȖȊ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȈ
ȕȈ ȗȐȒȈȝ ȗȘȐȊȧȏȈȕȣ ȓȍȕȚȣ ȒȘȈșȕȖȋȖ ȞȊȍȚȈ — șȐȔȊȖȓȈ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȖȕȕȖȑ ȉȖȘȤ-
ȉȣ
«DzȘȈșȕȣȍ ȗȐȒȐ» — ȌȍȚȐȡȍ șȚȈȘȐȕȕȣȝ ȚȈȑȕȣȝ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊ ǻ «DzȘȈșȕȣȝ ȗȐȒ» șȖ-
ȝȘȈȕȐȓȐșȤ ȖȉȣȟȈȐ șȘȍȌȕȍȊȍȒȖȊȤȧ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȈ Ȑ ȖȉȘȧȌȣ șȚȈȘȐȕȣ Ǫ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ
ȔȍșȚȈȝ ȒȈȕȌȐȌȈȚ Ȋ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȖ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȚ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȑ ȐșȒțș ȗȖȌ ȘțȒȖȊȖȌșȚȊȖȔ ȕȈ-
șȚȈȊȕȐȒȈ Ȋ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ șȚȈ Ȍȕȍȑ ȐșȒțșȈ Ȗȕ ȊȣȗȖȓȕȧȍȚ șȓȖȎȕȣȍ ȖȉȘȧȌȣ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚ-
ȕȣȍ ȍȔț ȐșȗȣȚȈȕȐȧ
ǶȌȕȈȒȖ Ȋ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ «DzȘȈșȕȣȍ ȗȐȒȐ» ȗȘȐȖȉȘȍȚȈȦȚ Ȋșȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ Ȑ ȉȖȓȍȍ
ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖȑ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȖȕȕȖȑ ȉȖȍȊȖȑ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȈȞȐȐ ȒȖȑ-ȋȌȍ ȥȚȐ Ȗȉȡȍ-
șȚȊȈ ȖȚȉȘȖșȐȓȐ ȌȈȎȍ ȊȍȒȖȊȖȑ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȖȒȘȖȊ Ȑ Ȋ șȍȓȈȝ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȘȈș-
ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕȧȍȚșȧ Ȑȝ ȊȓȐȧȕȐȍ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȖ ȘȈȏȊȍȊȈȦȚșȧ ȒȘȈșȕȣȍ ȜȓȈȋȐ
ǶȚȘȧȌ «DzȘȈșȕȣȝ ȗȐȒ» ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȕȈȗȈȓ ȕȈ șțȌȕȖ ȉȣȓ ȖȌȕȖȑ Ȑȏ ȚȈȒȐȝ ȉȖȍ-
Ȋȣȝ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȈȞȐȑ ȒȘȍșȚȤȧȕșȚȊȈ ȗȘȖȊȐȕȞȐȐ ǨȕȤ-ȝȖȑ
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ǵȈ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȖȔ ȒȘȍȑșȍȘȍ Ȑ ȔȐȕȖȕȖșȞȈȝ, ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓȐșȤ Ȑȏ ȀȈȕȝȈȧ

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Ȓ ǽȈȕȤȒȖț ȏȈȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȓȐșȤ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȣȔ ȕȖȟȕȣȔ ȖȎȐȊȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȋȖȘȧȡȐȔȐ
ȜȈȒȍȓȈȔȐ ȕȈ ȗțșȚȣȕȕȖȔ ȉȍȘȍȋț
ȅȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȖȋȕȐ ȕȈ ȟȍȘȕȖȑ ȔȈșșȍ ȘȍȒȐ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ ȉȓȐȎȍ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȍ șț-
ȌȈ ȊȏȧȓȐ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋ
Ǫ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌ ȉȣȓ ȊȍșȤ ȘȈȏȋȘțȎȍȕ ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȧȧ ȌȎȖȕȒȈ ș ȚȦȒȈȔȐ șȒȘȣ-
ȓȈșȤ ȊȖ ȚȤȔȍ
— ǺțȠȐ ȜȈȒȍȓȈ ǷȖ ȠȈȔȗțȕȒȈȔ — șȒȖȔȈȕȌȖȊȈȓ șȚȈȘȠȐȕȈ
ǰ ȔȐȋȖȔ «DzȘȈșȕȣȍ ȗȐȒȐ» ȊșȒȖȟȐȓȐ Ȋ ȓȖȌȒȐ
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȌȐȕ ǹȧȖ Ȑȏ Ȋșȍȝ ȗȓȍȕȕȐȒȖȊ ȉȣȓ ȖȚȊȧȏȈȕ ǪȈȕ-ǪȍȍȔ ȖȚ ȌȍȘȍȊȈ Ȑ ȊȏȧȚ
ȕȈ ȠȈȔȗțȕȒț ǶșȚȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȖșȚȈȓȐșȤ ȗȘȐȊȧȏȈȕȕȣȍ ȌȘțȋ Ȓ ȌȘțȋț ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍ-
ȋțǸȈșȚȖȘȖȗȕȈȧ ȜȓȖȚȐȓȐȧ «DzȘȈșȕȣȝ ȗȐȒ» ȓȍȋȒȖ ȊșȗȖȘȝȕțȓȈ ȊȊȍȘȝ ȗȖ ȘȍȒȍ Ȑ ȕȍ-
șȓȣȠȕȖ șȒȘȣȓȈșȤ ȊȖ ȚȤȔȍ
ǵȍ ȗȘȖȑȌȧ Ȑ ȒȐȓȖȔȍȚȘȈ ȓȖȌȒȐ ȖȌȕȈ ȏȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȊȐȓȤȕțȓȐ ȊȍșȓȈȔȐ Ȑ ȦȘȒȕț-
ȓȐ Ȋ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒțȦ țȏȍȕȤȒțȦ ǫȈȕ-ȗț ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȖȌȕȈ Ȑȏ ȕȍșȟȍȚȕȣȝ ȘȍȟȖȕȖȒ ȊȗȈ-
ȌȈȦȡȐȝ Ȋ ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒȐȑ ȇȕ-Ǿȏȣ-Ǿȏȧȕ
— ǵț ǹȧȖ ȚțȚ țȎ ȌȖ ȕȈș ȕȐ ȖȌȐȕ ȉȍȓȣȑ ȟȍȘȚ ȕȍ ȌȖȉȍȘȍȚșȧ — ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌȧ Ȍțȝ
ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȊȣȔȖȓȊȐȓ ǪȈȕ-Ǫȍȑ
ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȗȍȘȊȣȍ șȓȖȊȈ ȏȈ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗțȚȐ ǪȈȕ-Ǫȍȑ șȚȖȧȓ ȕȈ «Ȧȓȍ» ȘȈ-
ȉȖȚȈȓ ȊȍșȓȖȔ Ȑ ȍȔț ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍ ȌȖ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȈ
ǹȧȖ ȗȘȐȚțȓȐȓșȧ ȕȈ Ȍȕȍ ȓȖȌȒȐ Ȋ ȕȖȋȈȝ ț ǪȈȕ-Ǫȍȧ
ǵțȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȏȕȈȚȤ ȗțȚȤ Ȑ ȉȣȚȤ ȓȖȊȒȐȔ ȋȘȍȉȞȖȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȖȟȤȦ ȗȓȣȚȤ
ȊȊȍȘȝ ȗȖ ȐȏȊȐȓȐșȚȖȑ ȊȏȉȈȓȈȔțȟȍȕȕȖȑ ȒȈȔȍȕȐșȚȖȑ ȘȍȟȖȕȒȍ ǺȖ Ȑ ȌȍȓȖ ȓȖȌȒȈ
șȒȖȓȤȏȐȓȈ ȗȖ ȗȍșȒț Ȑ ȗȓȖșȒȐȔ ȒȈȔȍȕȤȧȔ
ǻȎȍ șȊȍȚȈȓȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȎȐȊȖȗȐșȕȈȧ ȗȍșȚȘȈȧ ȜȓȖȚȐȓȐȧ «DzȘȈșȕȣȝ ȗȐȒ» ȖșȚȈȕȖ-
ȊȐȓȈșȤ șȘȍȌȐ ȒȈȔȍȕȐșȚȣȝ șȒȈȓ Ȑ țȡȍȓȐȑ
«DzȘȈșȕȣȍ ȗȐȒȐ» ȓȖȊȒȖ Ȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȊȚȈȡȐȓȐ ȓȖȌȒȐ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋ ȗȍȘȍȊȍȘȕțȓȐ Ȑȝ
Ȑ ȏȈȔȈșȒȐȘȖȊȈȓȐ ȊȍȚȊȧȔȐ ȚȈȓȤȕȐȒȈ șȘȍȌȐ ȒȈȔȕȍȑ Ȑ ȗȍșȒȈ
ǫțșȤȒȖȔ — ȖȌȐȕ ȏȈ ȌȘțȋȐȔ — ȊȖȖȘțȎȍȕȕȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȤ ȓȍșȈ ȗȖ
ȍȓȍ ȗȘȐȔȍȚȕȖȑ ȏȊȍȘȐȕȖȑ ȚȘȖȗȍ
ȀȓȐ ȔȖȓȟȈ
ǺȘțȌȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȏȌȍșȤ Ȋ ȥȚȖȑ ȋȓțȠȐ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ ȊșȚȘȍ-
ȚȐȚȤ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ ǹȧȖ țȊȐȌȍȓ Ȋ ȌȐȒȖȑ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȚȖȓȍȚȐȑ
ȚȖȔț ȕȈȏȈȌ ȏȈȉȘȖȠȍȕȕȖȑ ȒȈȔȍȕȖȓȖȔȕȍ ȔȕȖȎȍșȚȊȖ ȓȦȌȍȑ ǷȖȓțȋȖȓȣȍ ș ȉȘȖȕ-
ȏȖȊȣȔȐ ȏȈȋȖȘȍȓȣȔȐ ȚȍȓȈȔȐ ș ȒȘȈșȕȣȔȐ ȋȈȓșȚțȒȈȔȐ ȐȓȐ ȒȘȈșȕȣȔȐ ȠȈȘȜȈȔȐ
ȕȈ ȋȖȓȣȝ Ƞȍȧȝ Ȑ ȋȘțȌȧȝ ȥȚȐ ȓȦȌȐ ȊȖȏȐȓȐșȤ ș ȖȘțȎȐȍȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ șȖșȚȖȧȓȖ Ȑȏ
ȕȖȎȍȑ șȍȘȗȖȊ ȊȐȓ ȒȖș ȗȐȒ Ȑ șȚȈȘȐȕȕȣȝ ȕȍțȒȓȦȎȐȝ ȘțȎȍȑ
ǯȌȍșȤ ȉȣȓ ȚȈȑȕȣȑ ȗȘȐȊȈȓ ȋȓȈȊȕȈȧ ȉȈȏȈ «DzȘȈșȕȣȝ ȗȐȒ».
Ǫ ȋȓțȉȐȕȍ ȒȈȔȍȕȖȓȖȔȕȐ Ȋ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȗȍȡȍȘȍ Ȋ șȐȕȐȝ șȖșțȌȈȝ ȕȈȗȖȓ-
ȕȍȕȕȣȝ ȏȖȓȖȑ ȚȖȘȟȈȓȐ ȒțȘȧȡȐȍșȧ ȈȘȖȔȈȚȕȣȍ șȊȍȟȐ ǵȈ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȣȝ șȚȍȕȈȝ Ȋ ȕȐ-
ȠȈȝ — ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȖȕȕȣȍ ȒȘȈșȕȣȍ ȜȓȈȎȒȐ ȒȘȍșȚ-ȕȈȒȘȍșȚ șȊȐșȈȓȐ ȕȈȌ ȓȣșȣȔȐ
ȟȍȘȍȗȈȔȐ Ȋȍșȍȓȣȝ ȌȖȉȘȖȌțȠȕȣȝ ȚȖȓșȚȧȒȖȊ-ȉȖȎȒȖȊ
ǪȖȏȓȍ ȉȖȎȒȖȊ ȗȘȧȔȖ ȕȈ șȚȍȕȍ ȉȣȓ ȗȘȐȒȓȍȍȕ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȓțȉȖȟȕȣȑ ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚ
ȉȍȓȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ǩȍȓȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȗȘȐȡțȘȧ țȔȕȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȗȖȌșȔȍȐ-
ȊȈȓșȧ ȕȈȌ ǹȧȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȓ «ǯȈȟȍȔ “ȉȍȓȖȋȖ ȌȤȧȊȖȓȈ” ȗȖȊȍșȐȓȐ Ȋ Ȓț-

163
ȔȐȘȕȦ"»
ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ ǹȧȖ ȉȣȓ ȋȘȈȔȖȚȍȕ ȚȖ Ȗȕ ȘȈȏȖȉȘȈȓșȧ ȉȣ Ȋ ȐȍȘȖȋȓȐȜȈȝ ȅȚȐ ȐȍȘȖ-
ȋȓȐȜȣ ȗȖȌ ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚȖȔ ȓȣșȖȋȖ ȉȍȓȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ș ȝȐȚȘȍȞȖȦ Ȋ țȓȣȉȒȍ ȖȏȕȈȟȈ-
ȓȐ «dzȍȕȐȕ — ȌȘțȋ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȖȋȖ ȕȈȘȖȌȈ».
ǻ ȊȝȖȌȈ Ȋ ȗȍȡȍȘț ȕȈȌ ȎȍȘȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȖȔ ȊȐȌȕȍȓȐșȤ șȒȘȍȡȍȕȕȣȍ ȗȐȒȐ Ȑ Ȗȋ-
ȘȖȔȕȣȍ ȏȈȘȎȈȊȍȓȣȍ ȒȘȐȊȣȍ ȔȍȟȐ ȘȈȏțȒȘȈȠȍȕȕȣȍ ȧȘȒȖ-ȈȓȣȔȐ ȉȈȕȚȈȔȐ
ǪȈȕ-Ǫȍȑ ȗȖȌȚȖȓȒȕțȓ ǹȧȖ
— ǹȔȖȚȘȐ ȊȖȕ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȐȕȍ ȗȍȡȍȘȣ șȚȈȘȐȒ ȅȚȖ ȕȈȠ ǪȍȓȐȒȐȑ țȟȐȚȍȓȤ «DzȘȈș-
ȕȣȝ ȗȐȒ».
ǵȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ǹȧȖ șȚȖȧȓ ȉȓȐȏ șȈȔȖȑ ȗȍȡȍȘȣ Ȗȕ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȘȈȏ-
ȓȐȟȐȓ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕțȦ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȗȘȐȘȖșȠțȦ Ȓ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȖȑ ȕȐȠȍ ȜȐȋțȘț șȚȈȘȞȈ ș șȍ-
ȘȍȉȘȧȕȖȑ ȗȖ ȗȖȧș ȉȖȘȖȌȖȑ
ǿȚȖȉȣ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȐȔ ȕȍ ȗȖȔȍȠȈȓ ǹȧȖ Ȑ ǪȈȕ-Ǫȍȑ ȗȘȖȉȘȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȉțȋȖȘȖȒ ȕȈȌ
ȒȈȔȍȕȖȓȖȔȕȍȑ Ȑ țȒȘȣȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȋțȡȍ ȌȐȒȖȋȖ ȊȐȕȖȋȘȈȌȈ
— ǵț ǹȧȖ șȣȕ Dzț Ȇȕ-șțȕȈ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȧ ȔȖȋț ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȚȤ Ȋșȍ ȗȖȌȘȧȌ Ȗ șȍȉȍ Ȑ
ȒȖȍ-ȟȚȖ Ȗ ȚȊȖȍȑ șȍȔȤȍ ǪșȒȖȘȍ ȗȖșȓȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȒȈȒ ȖȚȍȞ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓ Țȍȉȧ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȧ

164
ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓșȧ ș ȚȊȖȍȑ șȍȔȤȍȑ Ǵȣ șȖȍȌȐȕȐȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ȏȈȕȧȓȐșȤ ȘȣȉȕȣȔ ȗȘȖ-
ȔȣșȓȖȔ ǵȈȠȐ ȌȍȓȈ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ ȗȖȠȓȐ ȕȈșȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ ȘȍȠȐȓȐ
șȗțșȚȐȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȀȈȕȝȈȑ ȊȣȒțȗȐȚȤ ȚȊȖȦ șȍșȚȘȍȕȒț DzȐȕț Ȑȏ ȜȈȉȘȐȒȐ Ȑ ȖȚȣșȒȈȚȤ
Țȍȉȧ ǵȈ ȥȚȖȔ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȕȈșȚȈȐȊȈȓȈ ȚȊȖȧ ȔȈȚȤ ǶȕȈ ȗȖșȍȌȍȓȈ ș Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ ȒȈȒ ȗȖ-
ȚȍȘȧȓȈ ȊȈș
ǰ ȊȖȚ Ȕȣ țȎȍ ȉȣȓȐ Ȋ ȗțȚȐ Ȓ ȀȈȕȝȈȦ DzȈȒ ȘȈȏ Ȋ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȋ ȀȈȕȝȈȍ ȗȘȖ-
ȐȏȖȠȍȓ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȖȕȕȣȑ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȘȖȚ Ǵȣ ȌȖȉȘȈȓȐșȤ ȌȖ ȌȘȍȊȕȍȋȖ ȊȖȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȋȖ-
ȘȖȌȈ — ǵȈȕȒȐȕȈ Ȑ — șȚȖȗ ǬȈȓȤȠȍ ȕȈș ȕȍ ȗțșȚȐȓȐ ǺȘțȌȕȖ Țȍȉȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȚȤ
ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȓȖ Ȋ ǵȈȕȒȐȕȍ Ȋ ȥȚȐ ȌȕȐ Ǫ ȋȖȘȖȌȍ ȍȡȍ șȚȖȧȓȐ șȍȊȍȘȕȣȍ ȊȖȑșȒȈ
Ȉ Ȋ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȦȎȈȕȍ țȎȍ ȏȈȕȧȓȐ ȕȈȕȒȐȕșȒțȦ ȋȈȊȈȕȤ ǹȧȋțȈȕȤ
Ǵȣ ȔȐȘȕȣȍ Șȍȟȕȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ ȉȣȓȐ șȉȐȚȣ Ȋ Ȓțȟț Ȑ ȎȈȓȐșȤ Ȓ ȉȍȘȍȋȈȔ ȕȍ șȔȍȧ
șȌȊȐȕțȚȤșȧ ș ȔȍșȚȈ ǵȈȌ ȋȖȘȖȌȖȔ ȕȈȊȐșȈȓȈ ȋȘȖȏȈ
ǵȈ ȀȍȟȍȠȈȕșȒȖȔ ȝȖȓȔȍ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȋ ȌȊțȝ ȒȐȓȖȔȍȚȘȈȝ ȖȚ ȋȈȊȈȕȐ
ǹȧȋțȈȕȤ șȖȉȘȈȓȈșȤ ȒțȟȒȈ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕ ȈȔȍȘȐȒȈȕȞȍȊ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕȞȍȊ ǰȔ ȕȍ-
ȓȤȏȧ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȍȘȍȗȘȈȊȐȚȤșȧ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȘȍȒț ȖȕȐ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȌȊȖȑȕȖȔ ȒȖȓȤȞȍ ǷȍȘ-
ȊȖȍ ȒȖȓȤȞȖ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȊȈȓȐ șȍȊȍȘȧȕȍ Ȉ ȊȚȖȘȖȍ — ȖȒȘțȎȐȊȠȐȍ șȍȊȍȘȧȕ ȦȎȕȖ-ȘȍȊȖ-
ȓȦȞȐȖȕȕȣȍ ȊȖȑșȒȈ ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ Ȋ ȗȈȕȐȒȍ șȍȊȍȘȧȕȍ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȐ ȉȍșȗȖȘȧȌȖȟȕțȦ șȚȘȍȓȤ-
ȉț ȀȈȓȤȕȣȔȐ ȗțȓȧȔȐ ȗȖȗȈȊȠȐȔȐ ȕȈ ȝȖȓȔ ȉȣȓ țȉȐȚ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕ Ȑ ȘȈȕȍȕ
ȌȘțȋȖȑ— ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐȑ ȒȖȕșțȓ
ȅȚȖȋȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ Ȍȓȧ ȉȍȓȣȝ șȖȉȈȒ ǹȚȖȧȡȐȍ ȕȈ ȘȍȒȍ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȈ Ȉȕȋ-
ȓȐȑșȒȐȍ Ȑ ȈȔȍȘȐȒȈȕșȒȐȍ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȍ șțȌȈ ȖȚȒȘȣȓȐ ȗȖ ȋȖȘȖȌț ȉȍȠȍȕȣȑ ȖȋȖȕȤ Ǫ
ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȔȐȕțȚ ȉȍȓȣȍ șȖȉȈȒȐ ȘȈȏȋȘȖȔȐȓȐ ȋȖȘȖȌ ǹȍȔȤ Țȣșȧȟ ȉȍȏȏȈȡȐȚȕȣȝ
ȎȍȕȡȐȕ ȌȍȚȍȑ ȚȘțȌȧȡȐȝșȧ ǵȈȕȒȐȕȈ ȏȈȓȐȓȐ șȊȖȍȦ ȒȘȖȊȤȦ țȓȐȞȣ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ
DzȈȒ ȧ ȖȟțȚȐȓșȧ ȉȍȏ ȓȖȌȒȐ ȕȈ ȓȍȊȖȔ ȉȍȘȍȋț ȇȕ-Ǿȏȣ-ǾȏȧȕȈ — ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ
ǹȓȈȊȕȣȑ ǵȈȕȒȐȕ ȉȣȓ ȘȈȏȘțȠȍȕ ǪȖȒȘțȋ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȣȔȐ ȒȖșȚȘȈȔȐ ȗȣȓȈȓȐ Ȟȍ-
ȓȣȍ ȒȊȈȘȚȈȓȣ
Ƕ ǹȧȖ ȞȍȓțȦ ȕȍȌȍȓȦ ȉȘȖȌȐȓ ȧ ȌȐȒȐȔ ȏȊȍȘȍȔ ȋȖȓȣȑ ȋȖȓȖȌȕȣȑ ȗȖ Ȗȗț-
șȚȖȠȍȕȕȖȔț ȒȘȈȦ ǰ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȗȖȒȓȧȓșȧ ȊșȦ șȊȖȦ ȒȘȖȊȤ Ȋșȍ șȊȖȐ șȐȓȣ ȖȚȌȈȚȤ
ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȖȕȕȖȑ ȉȖȘȤȉȍ ș ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȣȔȐ ȉȍȓȣȔȐ șȖȉȈȒȈȔȐ ǰșȚȍȘȏȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȐȏȌȣ-
ȝȈȦȡȍȋȖ ȖȚ ȋȖȓȖȌȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȌȖȉȘȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȋȘȈȕȐȞȍ ȗȘȖȊȐȕȞȐȑ ǨȕȤ-ǽȖȑ Ȑ ǾȏȧȕȤ-
șț ȓȦȌȐ Ȑȏ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȖȚȘȧȌȈ «DzȘȈșȕȣȝ ȗȐȒ» șȘȍȌȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ Țȣ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȈȠȍȓ
— Ǩ ȔȖȑ ȖȚȍȞ" ǴȖȧ ȔȈȔȈ"
 ǬȍȌ" — ȗȍȘȍȉȐȓ ǹȧȖ ȗȘȍȌȟțȊșȚȊțȧ ȕȖȊȣȑ
țȌȈȘ
— ǵȍ ȗȈȌȈȑ ȌțȝȖȔ ǹȧȖ ǹȔȍȘȚȤ ȗȘȐȠȓȈ Ȑ Ȓ ȕȈȔ ȘȍȟȕȣȔ ȓȦȌȧȔ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ-
șȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȕȈȘȧȌȖȊ țȌȈȘȐȓȐ Ȓ șȈȔȖȔț ȉȍȘȍȋț ȋȌȍ ȚȍșȕȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈȠȐ ȕȐȡȍȕșȒȐȍ ȓȖȌ-
ȒȐ dzȦȌȐ ȒȈȔȕȧȔȐ ȗȖȗȈȌȈȓȐ Ȋ ȗȖȒȘȈșȕȍȊȠȐȍ ȊȖȓȕȣ DzȈȒ ȧ ȖȋȓțȠȍȕȕȣȑ
ȖȟțȚȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȊȖȌȍ — ȕȍ ȗȖȔȕȦ ǿȚȖ șȚȈȓȖșȤ ș ȚȊȖȍȑ șȍȔȤȍȑ ȗȖȊȍȘȤ Ȕȕȍ ȔȖȑ
ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȌȘțȋ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ
ǪȈȕ-Ǫȍȑ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ-ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ ȊȏȌȖȝȕțȓ Ȑ șȚȈȓ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ ȍȡȍ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȕȖ ǹȧȖ
ȍȌȊȈ șȓțȠȈȓ ǪȈȕ-Ǫȍȧ ǷȖ ȓȐȞț ȘȈșȚȍȒȈȓȐșȤ ȖȉȐȓȤȕȣȍ ȋȖȘȤȒȐȍ șȓȍȏȣ ǷȍȘȍȌ
ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒȖȔ ȕȍȐȏȔȍȕȕȖ șȚȖȧȓ ȖȉȘȈȏ ȔȈȚȍȘȐ ǭȋȖ ȔȣșȓȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȖȓȕȣ șȍȔȤȍȑ
— ǴțȎȈȑșȧ ǹȧȖ — țșȗȖȒȈȐȊȈȓ ȍȋȖ ǪȈȕ-Ǫȍȑ — ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȖȕȐ Ȑ ȎȐȊȣ
ǪȖȚ Țȍȉȍ ǹȧȖ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ ǰȝ ȝȊȈȚȐȚ ȕȈȌȖȓȋȖ Ȑ ș ȕȐȔȐ Țȣ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȕȈȑȌȍȠȤ
șȍȔȤȦ
ǪȈȕ-Ǫȍȑ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒț ȒȈȒ ȉȍȏȖȗȈșȕȍȑ ȊȣȉȘȈȚȤșȧ ȖȚșȦȌȈ

165
ȋȌȍ șȒȖȘȍȑ ȊșȍȋȖ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȕȈȑȚȐ șȍȔȤȦ
ǹǵǶǪǨ Ǫ ǹǭǴȄǭ
ǿȚȖȉȣ ȕȍ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȚȤ ȕȈ șȍȉȧ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ǹȧȖ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȖȚȖȑȚȐ ȗȍȠȒȖȔ ȗȖȌȈȓȤ-
Ƞȍ ȖȚ ȒȈȔȍȕȖȓȖȔȕȐ Ȑ ȕȈ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȗȖȗțȚȕȖȑ ȠȈȔȗțȕȒȍ ȗȖȌȕȧȚȤșȧ ȊȊȍȘȝ
ȗȖ ȘȍȒȍ
Ǫ ȥȚȐ ȌȕȐ ȕȈ Ȋșȍȝ ȗȘȐșȚȈȕȧȝ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȉȍșȗȘȍȘȣȊȕȣȍ ȖȉȣșȒȐ ȖȉȓȈȊȣ
șȓȍȌȐȓȐ ȏȈ ȊșȧȒȐȔ ȗȘȐȉȣȊȈȦȡȐȔ Ȑ țȝȖȌȧȡȐȔ șțȌȕȖȔ
ǺȈȒ ǹȧȖ Ȑ șȌȍȓȈȓ ǪȣȠȍȓ ȗȍȠȒȖȔ ǰ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ
ȕȈ ȠȈȋȈȦȡȍȋȖ ȗȖ ȉȍȘȍȋț ȔȈȓȣȠȈ
ǪȍșȤ ȌȍȕȤ ǹȧȖ Ƞȍȓ ȗȖ ȊȧȏȒȖȔț ȐȓȐșȚȖȔț ȉȍȘȍȋț ȊȊȍȘȝ ȗȖ ȘȍȒȍ
DzȈȒ ȕȈȘȖȟȕȖ Ȋșȍ ȊșȚȘȍȟȕȣȍ ȉȓȐȏ ȉȍȘȍȋȈ ȓȖȌȒȐ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȧȓȐșȤ ȕȍ Ȋ Țț șȚȖȘȖ-
ȕț ǵȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȠȈȔȗțȕȖȒ ȗȘȖȠȓȖ ȊȊȍȘȝ ȕȖ Ȋșȍ ȖȕȐ ȠȓȐ ȕȈ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȗȖȓȖȎȕȣȑ
ȉȍȘȍȋ ȐȓȐ ȒțȌȈ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ Ȓ ȉȓȐȎȈȑȠȍȑ ȗȘȐșȚȈȕȐ ǵȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȠȈȔȗțȕȒȐ ȝȖȚȧ Ȑ
ȗȓȣȓȐ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȊȊȍȘȝ Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ Ȑȝ ȝȖȏȧȍȊȈ ȖȚȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ ȊȏȧȚȤ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȔȈȓȍȕȤ-
ȒȖȋȖ ȗȈșșȈȎȐȘȈ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȧȦȡȍȋȖșȧ Ȋ ȌȈȓȍȒȐȑ ǻ-ȝȈȕ
ǺȈȒ ȊȍșȤ ȌȍȕȤ ǹȧȖ ȉȍȏ ȚȖȓȒț ȐșȒȈȓ ȗȖȗțȚȕțȦ ȓȖȌȒț Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ Ȑ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ
țȌȈȓȧȓșȧ ȖȚ ȒȈȔȍȕȖȓȖȔȕȐ
ǻȎȍ ȚȍȔȕȍȓȖ
ǻșȚȈȓȣȑ ǹȧȖ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȉȍȏȓȦȌȕȖȔ ȔȍșȚȍ ȖȚȌȖȝȕțȚȤ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȒțșȐȚȤ ǹȒȐ-
ȕțȓ ș ȗȓȍȟ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȔȍȠȖȟȍȒ ȕȈȉȐȚȣȑ ȊșȧȒȖȑ șȕȍȌȤȦ Ȑ șȊȧȏȒȈȔȐ ȟȖȝȖȊ —
ȔȍȌȕȣȝ ȌȣȘȟȈȚȣȝ ȔȖȕȍȚȖȒ ȕȈȔȍȕȧȕȕȣȝ ȕȈ ȌȖȘȖȋț
ǹȧȖ ȖȚȣșȒȈȓ țȌȖȉȕȣȑ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ Ȑ țșȍȓșȧ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ Ǫȣȕțȓ ȊȒțșȕțȦ ȏȈșȈȝȈȘȍȕ-
ȕțȦ ȔțȟȕțȦ ȓȍȗȍȠȒț Ȑ ȎȈȌȕȖ ȗȘȐȕȧȓșȧ ȋȘȣȏȚȤ ȍȍ
ǭȔț ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓȖșȤ ȗȖȟȍȔț-ȚȖ ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț ȊȍȓȐȒȖȋȖ ȇȕ-Ǿȏȣ-Ǿȏȧ-
ȕȈ șȐȌȍȓ ȕȈ ȒȈȔȕȍ Ȑ ȋȘȣȏ ȓȍȗȍȠȒț ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕ-
ȕȖȋȖ șȍȔȤȍȑ ȘȍȟȕȖȋȖ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒȈ ǰ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ǹȧȖ ȗȖȝȖȎȐȔ ȕȈ ȟȍȘȍ-
ȗȈȝț ǵȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȈȧ ȏȍȔȓȧ ȕȍ șȚȘȈȠȐȓȈ ȍȋȖ ǯȈ ȒȖȘȖȚȒțȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȔȈȓȍȕȤ-
ȒȐȑ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒ ȗȍȘȍȊȐȌȍȓ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȓ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȟȍȔ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȊȏȘȖșȓȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ
ǪȣșȚțȗȐȓȐ ȏȊȍȏȌȣ ȕȈȌ ȇȕ-Ǿȏȣ-ǾȏȧȕȖȔ Ȑ Ȑȝ șȍȘȍȉȘȐșȚȣȍ ȖȚȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ ȘȈș-
șȣȗȈȓȐșȤ ȗȖ ȊȖȌȍ Ǩ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ǹȧȖ Ȋșȍ șȐȌȍȓ ȕȈ ȒȈȔȕȍ Ȑ ȊșȗȖȔȐȕȈȓ șȊȖȦ
ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕțȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ
ǪȌȘțȋ Ȗȕ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȖȋȖȕȍȒ ȕȈ ȘȍȒȍ ȅȚȖ ȉȍȏțșȓȖȊȕȖ ȗȓȣȓȈ ȓȖȌȒȈ ȊȊȍȘȝ ȗȖ
ȘȍȒȍ
ǶȋȖȕȍȒ ȗȖȘȈȊȕȧȓșȧ ș ǹȧȖ
ǴȈȓȤȟȐȒ ȊșȒȖȟȐȓ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȍșȚȤ șȐȓ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ
— ǷȖȌȖȎȌȐȚȍ ǷȖȌȊȍȏȐȚȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȇ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȏȈȗȓȈȟț
ǷȖ ȖȋȖȕȤȒț ȊȐȌȕȖ — ȓȖȌȒȈ ȏȈȌȍȘȎȈȓȈșȤ
— ǽȈȖ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ
 — ȌȖȕȍșșȧ ȋȖȓȖș ș ȓȖȌȒȐ
ǹȧȖ ȏȈȌȘȖȎȈȓ ȖȚ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȋȖȓȖșȈ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ȉȣȓȖ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȌȖ ȉȖȓȐ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȖȍ

dzȖȌȒȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȗȖȠȓȈ Ȓ ȉȍȘȍȋț
— Ǻȣ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȕȍ ȏȈȠȚȖȗȈȕȕȈȧ ȚȊȖȧ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ȕȈșȚțȗȐȓ Ȕȕȍ ȕȈ ȕȖȋț
ǹȧȖ ȏȈȔȍȘ ȧșȕȖ ȘȈșșȓȣȠȈȊ ȊȖȘȟȓȐȊȣȑ ȋȖȓȖș ȌȍȌȈ
«ǷȖȔȍȘȍȡȐȓȖșȤ»... — ȕȍ ȊȍȘȐȓ ǹȧȖ țȠȈȔ
ǵȍȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȖȚ ȉȍȘȍȋȈ ȋȘȍȉȍȞ ȓȖȊȒȖ ȊȐȓȤȕțȓ ȠȐȘȖȒȐȔ ȊȍșȓȖȔ ȓȖȌȒȈ ȗȖȊȍȘ-
ȕțȓȈșȤ ȚțȗȖȑ ȒȖȘȔȖȑ Ȑ ȊȓȐȗȓȈ Ȋ șȈȔȣȑ Ȑȓ ȉȍȘȍȋȈ
ǹȧȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȊȣȔȖȓȊȐȚȤ Ȑ șȓȖȊȖ ȖȚ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖȑ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖșȚȐ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȐȔ Ȋ
ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȕȖȑ ȚțșȒȓȣȔ ȔȍȘȞȈȕȐȍȔ ȜȖȕȈȘȧ ȓȖȌȒȍ ȉȣȓȈ Ȋșȧ ȍȋȖ ȘȖȌȕȈȧ șȍȔȤȧ
ǬȈȎȍ ȏȈșȗȈȕȕȈȧ șȍșȚȘȍȕȒȈ Dzț-ǵȧ ȊȣȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȓȈ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ șȖȓȖȔȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȕȈȊȍșȈ
ǹȧȖ ȗȓȈȒȈȓ Ȑ șȔȍȧȓșȧ ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌȧ ș ȘțȒ ȕȈ ȘțȒȐ

ǺǮǹdzǻȊǸǮȍ ǽǾȍDzǶǹȊȇǶȄǮ
ǸȖȠȎȗȟȘȎȭ ȏȩșȪ

169
ȘȖȌ ©ȘȣȎȐȝ ȌȤȧȊȖȓȖȊª ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕȞȍȊ
 Ȋ ȀȈȕȝȈȑ
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ǬȈȓȍȒȖ ȗȖ Țț șȚȖȘȖȕț ǫȖȓțȉȖȑ ȘȍȒȐ ȕȈ șȈȔȖȔ Ȧȋȍ ǷȖȌȕȍȉȍșȕȖȑ șȚȘȈȕȣ
ȚȈȔ ȋȌȍ ǮȍȔȟțȎȕȈȧ ȘȍȒȈ ȊȗȈȌȈȍȚ Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ ȘȖȌȐȓȈșȤ dzȦ-ǿȤȍȕ Ȋ ȗȓȖȊțȟȍȑ ȜȈȕ-
ȏȍ — ȕȈ ȓȖȌȒȍ Ȋ ȎȈȓȒȖȑ șȍȔȤȍ ©Șȍȟȕȣȝ ȓȦȌȍȑª
©ǬȖȟȤ — ȥȚȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȓșȣȕȈª — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȈȧ ȗȖșȓȖȊȐȞȈ ǰ ȋȖȘȍ Ȋ ȚȖȑ
ȜȈȕȏȍ ȋȌȍ ȔȈȚȤ ȘȈȏȘȍȠȐȓȈșȤ ȖȚ ȉȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȌȍȊȖȟȒȖȑ ȕȍȒțȌȈ ȌȍȊȈȚȤ ȓȐȠȕȐȑ ȘȖȚ
ǪȖȚ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȊȖȌȣ ǮȍȔȟțȎȕȖȑ ȘȍȒȐ țȕȖșȧȚ ȕȈ șȊȖȐȝ ȊȖȓȕȈȝ ȕȍȔȈȓȖ ȚȘțȗȐ-
ȒȖȊ ȌȍȊȖȟȍȒ-ȔȓȈȌȍȕȞȍȊ
ǵȖ dzȦ-ǿȤȍȕ ȖșȚȈȓȈșȤ ȎȐȚȤ DzȈȒ ȊȖȓȟȐȞȈ ȖȉȍȘȍȋȈȓȈ ȍȍ ȔȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȋȘțȌȐ șȊȖȍȑ
ȖȚ ȕȈȗȈȌȒȖȊ șțȘȖȊȖȋȖ ȖȚȞȈ Ȑ ȕȍ ȖȚȌȈȓȈ ȌȐȚȧ șȊȖȍ ȕȍȕȈșȣȚȕȖȑ ȘȍȒȍ
DzȖȋȌȈ dzȦ ȐșȗȖȓȕȐȓȖșȤ șȍȔȤ ȓȍȚ ȔȈȚȤ țȔȍȘȓȈ ǶȚȍȞ ȗȖȝȖȘȖȕȐȓ ȔȈȚȤ ȊȓȖ-
ȎȐȊ Ȋ ȋȘȖȉ ȔțȎșȒȐȍ ȚțȜȓȐ ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȋ ȉțȌțȡȍȔ ȊȖȗȓȖȡȍȕȐȐ ȗȖȌȘțȋȈ ȍȋȖ Ȏȍș-
ȚȖȒȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȘȖȌȐȓȈșȤ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȌȖșȚȖȑȕȣȔ Ȑ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȣȔ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȔ ȚȖ ȍșȚȤ ȔțȎ-
ȟȐȕȖȑ
ǰ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖșȓȍ ȗȖȝȖȘȖȕ ȔȈȚȍȘȐ dzȦ ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȊșȚțȗȐȓȈ șȊȖȍȑ ȒȘȖȠȍȟȕȖȑ
ȕȖȎȒȖȑ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ ǶȚȍȞ ȖȚȗȓȣȓ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȊȊȍȘȝ ȗȖ ȘȍȒȍ Ȑ Ȋ ȗțșȚȣȕȕȖȔ ȔȍșȚȍ
ȊȣșȈȌȐȓ ȌȖȟȤ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋ
— ǷȖȐȋȘȈȑ ȏȌȍșȤ ȧ ȗȘȐȌț ȏȈ ȚȖȉȖȑ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȖȚȍȞ ȕȍ ȋȓȧȌȧ Ȋ ȌȖȊȍȘȟȐȊȣȍ
ȋȓȈȏȈ ȌȖȟȍȘȐ șțȕțȓ Ȋ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȍ ȘțȟȖȕȒȐ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȐșȖȊȣȝ ȓȍȗȍȠȍȒ Ȑ șȒȘȣȓ-
șȧ Ȋ ȏȈȘȖșȓȧȝ ȋȈȖȓȧȕȈ
ǰșȚȖȔȐȓȈșȤ ȖȎȐȌȈȚȤ ȖȚȞȈ dzȦ Ȑ ȠȈȚȈȧșȤ ȖȚ ȕȍȗȘȐȊȣȟȒȐ Ȓ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȏȈșȍȔȍ-
ȕȐȓȈ ȗȖ ȉȍȘȍȋț Ȓ ȚȖȔț ȔȍșȚț ȒțȌȈ ȗȘȐȟȈȓȐȓȈ ȓȖȌȒȈ
ǵȖ ȕȐ ȖȚȞȈ ȕȐ ȓȖȌȒȐ ȕȐȋȌȍ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ
ǷȓȈȟțȡțȦ ȒȘȖȠȒț dzȦ ȗȖȌȖȉȘȈȓȐ ȟțȎȐȍ ȓȦȌȐ Ȑ ȗȖșȓȍ ȔȕȖȎȍșȚȊȈ Ȕȣ-
ȚȈȘșȚȊ ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌȧ ș ȘțȒ Ȋ ȘțȒȐ ȉȍȏȘȖȌȕȈȧ ȌȍȊȖȟȒȈ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȕȖȔ
ȓȖȋȖȊȍ ©ȘȣȎȐȝ ȌȤȧȊȖȓȖȊª — Ȋ ȀȈȕȝȈȍ ȋȌȍ ș ȒȈȎȌȣȔ ȋȖȌȖȔ ȊȣȘȈșȚȈȦȚ ȚȘțȉȣ
ȜȈȉȘȐȒ ȒțȌȈ șȖ Ȋșȍȑ șȚȘȈȕȣ șȒțȗȈȦȚșȧ ȌȍȚȐ Ȋ ȘȈȉșȚȊȖ ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕȞȍȊ
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ǹțȌȤȉȈ ȉȘȖșȐȓȈ Ȑ ȦȎȈȕȒț dzȦ Ȑ șȍȊȍȘȧȕȐȕȈ ǺȐȕȈ Ȋ ȚȖȚ Ȏȍ ȀȈȕȝȈȑ ǰ ȏȌȍșȤ
ȥȚȐ ȌȊȈ ȏȈȉȘȖȠȍȕȕȣȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȈ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓȐ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋȈ
ǴȈȓȍȕȤȒȈȧ dzȦ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓȈ ȗȘȧȌȐȓȤȡȐȞȍȑ ȕȈ ȧȗȖȕșȒȖȑ ȚȍȒșȚȐȓȤȕȖȑ ȜȈȉȘȐ-
Ȓȍ ©ǫȈȑ-ǵȈȑ-DzȈȑȠȈª Ȉ ǺȐȕ — ȕȈ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȖȑ șȗȐȟȍȟȕȖȑ ȜȈȉȘȐȒȍ
DzȈȒ-ȚȖ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ ǵȖȊȖȋȖ ȋȖȌȈ — ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȕȍȘȈȉȖȟȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ Ȋ ȋȖȌț
Ȍȓȧ ȌȍȚȍȑ ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕȕȣȝ ȗȘȍȌȗȘȐȧȚȐȑ — ǺȐȕ ȏȈȉȘȍȓ Ȋ ȘȖșȒȖȠȕȣȑ ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕ-
ȕȣȑ șȍȚȚȓȤȔȍȕȚ
ǵȍȌȈȓȍȒȖ ț ȒȈȓȐȚȒȐ ȊȍȌțȡȍȑ Ȋ șȈȌ șȚȖȧȓȈ ȎȍȓȚȍȕȤȒȈȧ ȌȍȊȖȟȒȈ Ȑ ȕȈ ȕȍȍ

170
ȏȈȋȓȧȌȍȓșȧ ȖȚ ȕȍȟȍȋȖ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ǺȐȕ
ǸȈșȒȖșȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȒȐ ȒȐȚȈȧȕȒȐ ȎȈȌȕȖ ȗȘȣȋȈȓȐ ȏȈ țȏȖȘȟȈȚțȦ ȐȏȋȖȘȖȌȤ șȈȌȈ ȋȌȍ
ȕȈ ȗȍșȒȍ ȐȋȘȈȓȐ ȒȘȈșȐȊȣȍ ȘȈȏȖȌȍȚȣȍ ȉȍȓȣȍ ȌȍȊȖȟȒȐ ș ȚȈȒȐȔȐ Ȏȍ ȒȘȈșȐȊȣȔȐ
Ȑ ȕȈȘȧȌȕȣȔȐ ȕȖ ȕȍ ȎȐȊȣȔȐ ȒȘȖȠȍȟȕȣȔȐ ȌȍȊȖȟȒȈȔȐ-ȒțȒȓȈȔȐ
DzțȒȖȓ ȒȐȚȈȧȕȒȈ țȊȐȌȈȓȈ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȘȈȏ Ȑ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȓțȟȠȍ ȘȈȏȋȓȧȌȍȚȤ Ȑȝ ȖȕȈ
ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȓȈșȤ Ȓ ȒȈȓȐȚȒȍ — ȗȘȖȑȚȐ Ȋ șȈȌ
— ǵȍ ȐȌȐ ȚțȌȈ — ȐșȗțȋȈȕȕȖ-ȗȘȍȌȖșȚȍȘȍȋȈȦȡȍ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ǺȐȕ ȕȖ ȎȍȓȚȈȧ Ȍȍ-
ȊȖȟȒȈ ȕȍ ȗȖșȓțȠȈȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍșȚțȗȐȓȈ ȗȖȘȖȋ
ǪȍȌȤ ȖȕȈ ȕȍȋȘȈȔȖȚȕȈ Ȑ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȈ ȗȘȖȟȍșȚȤ ȖȉȢȧȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȕȈȌ ȒȈȓȐȚȒȖȑ
ǰ ȚȖȚȟȈș ȉȘȖȕȏȖȊȈȧ ȘțȒȈ ȗȘȐȊȘȈȚȕȐȒȈ-ȐȕȌțșȈ ȋȘțȉȖ ȊȣȠȊȣȘȕțȓȈ ȌȍȊȖȟȒț
ȏȈ ȏȈȗȘȍȚȕȣȑ ȗȖȘȖȋ ȕȈ țȓȐȞț
ǬȍȊȖȟȒȈ țȗȈȓȈ Ȑ ȘȈȏȉȐȓȈ ȕȖș ȕȈ ȋȘȧȏȕȖȔ ȎȍȓȚȖȔ ȓȐȞȍ ȘȈșȚȍȒȓȐșȤ ȒȘȈșȕȣȍ
ȒȈȗȓȐ ȒȘȖȊȐ șȔȍȠȈȕȕȣȍ șȖ șȓȍȏȈȔȐ
ǺȐȕ ȗȖȌȉȍȎȈȓ Ȓ ȌȍȊȖȟȒȍ ȗȖȔȖȋ ȍȑ ȊșȚȈȚȤ ȗȖȊȍȓ ȗȖȌ ȚȍȕȤ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȍȊ ȕȈ ȚȘȖ-
ȚțȈȘ
— ǪȍȌȤ ȧ ȒȘȐȟȈȓ Țȍȉȍ ©ȕȍ ȐȌȐ ȚțȌȈª — șȚȘȖȋȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒ ȗȓȈȟțȡȍȑ
ȒȐȚȈȧȕȒȍ țȚȐȘȈȧ ȗȖȓȖȦ șȐȕȍȑ ȒȖȜȚȣ șȓȍȏȣ Ȑ ȒȘȖȊȤ
Ǫ șȐȕȍȑ ȒȖȜȚȍ ȉȘȧȒȕțȓȐ ȔȍȌȕȣȍ ȟȖȝȐ
ǺȐȕ ȏȈșȓȣȠȈȊ ȊȌȈȓȐ ȏȈțȕȣȊȕȣȑ ȊȐȏȋ ȏȊțȟȈȡȍȑ ȘȈȒȖȊȐȕȣ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȞȈ
șȓȈșȚȧȔȐ ȒȐȕțȓșȧ ȕȈ ȗȘȐȏȣȊȕȣȑ ȔȈȕȧȡȐȑ ȏȊțȒ
— ǷȖșȐȌȐ ȚțȚ Ȑ ȗȖȌȖȎȌȐ Ȕȍȕȧ — ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ Ȗȕ ȕȈ ȝȖȌț
ǪșȒȖȘȍ ț ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒȈ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ ȒȘȈșȕȍȓȐ ȏȈșȈȝȈȘȍȕȕȣȍ ȔȍȓȒȐȍ ȧȉȓȖȟȒȐ ȕȈȕȐ-
ȏȈȕȕȣȍ ȕȈ ȉȈȔȉțȒȖȊȣȍ ȗȘțȚȐȒȐ Ȑ Ȓ ȒȖȜȚȍ ȓȐȗȓȐ ȎȍȓȚȣȍ ȓȐȗțȟȒȐ țșȣȗȈȕ-
ȕȣȍ ȏȍȘȕȖȔ
— DzȈȒ Țȍȉȧ ȏȖȊțȚ"
— dzȦ-ǿȤȍȕ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓȈ ȌȍȊȖȟȒȈ
— ǵȈ dzȦ ȥȚȖ Țȍȉȍ ȥȚȖ Ȕȕȍ ȥȚȖ Țȍȉȍ ȥȚȖ Ȕȕȍ
ǴȈȓȤȟȐȒ ȗȖȘȖȊȕț ȘȈȏȌȍȓȐȓ ȊȒțșȕțȦ ȗȖȒțȗȒț
ǹȓȈȌȖșȚȐ șȉȓȐȏȐȓȐ ȌȍȚȍȑ
— ȇ șȘȈȏț țȋȈȌȈȓ ȟȚȖ Țȣ — ȘȈȉȖȚȕȐȞȈ ȒȈȒ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ țȊȐȌȍȓ Țȍȉȧ — ȏȈȧȊȐȓ
ǺȐȕ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȌȍȊȖȟȒȈ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȧ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȘȈșșȗȘȖșȣ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓȈ Ȗ șȊȖȍȑ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȖȑ
ȕȖ ȎȍșȚȖȒȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ
— ȇ ȚȖȎȍ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȑ — ȗȘȐȉȈȊȐȓ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒ Ȑ ȚțȚ Ȏȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗ ǮȍȓȚȖȑ ȏȍȔ-
ȓȍ Ȗ ȗȖȌȏȍȔȕȖȑ ȘȖȌȐȕȍ Ȗ ȗȘȖȌȈȎȍ Ȋ ȘȈȉșȚȊȖ Ȑ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ Ȗ ȎȍșȚȖȒȖȑ ȈȕȋȓȐȑ-
șȒȖȑ ȜȈȉȘȐȒȍ-ȚȦȘȤȔȍ
ǭȏȌȐȚȤ Ȋ șȈȌț ȕȈ ȊȍȓȖșȐȗȍȌȈȝ ȗȖ ȈȓȓȍȧȔ
ȊȖȌȐȚȢ șȖȉȈȒ
Ȉ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȊȝȖȌȐȚȤ Ȋ șȈȌ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȈȔ
ǪǶǹǷǸǭȁǨǭǺǹȇ

171
— ǻ ȕȈș ȘȈȉȖȚȈȦȚ Ȑ ȕȍ ȚȈȒȐȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒȐ ȒȈȒ ȧ ǻ ȕȈș șȖȚȕȐ ȗȧȚȐ-
ȠȍșȚȐȓȍȚȕȐȝ ȌȍȚȍȑ ǻ ȊȈș ȕȈȊȍȘȕȖȍ ȓțȟȠȍ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȚȤ ȕȍ ȗȈȝȕȍȚ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȣȔ ȉȍ-
ȓȣȔ ȜȖșȜȖȘȖȔ ȖȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȗțȝȕțȚ Ȋșȍ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ǴȖȑ țȟȐȚȍȓȤ — ȊȏȘȖș-
ȓȣȑ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȑ ǻ-ǩȈȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖȚ ȉȍȓȣȑ ȜȖșȜȖȘ ȉȍȓȣȍ șȖȉȈȒȐ ȏȈȗȘȍȚȐȓȐ
țȗȖȚȘȍȉȓȧȚȤ ȕȈ ȜȈȉȘȐȒȈȝ ț șȍȉȧ ȕȈ ȘȖȌȐȕȍ Ȉ ȕȈș ȚȘȈȊȧȚ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȣȍ ȌȤȧȊȖȓȣ
— ǯȈȟȍȔ Țȣ Ȑȝ ȘțȋȈȍȠȤ" ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ Ȑȝ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ Ȕȣ țȔȍȘȓȐ ȉȣ ș ȋȖȓȖȌț ǶȕȐ
ȌȈȦȚ ȕȈȔ ȒȘȖȊ ȗȐȡț Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ Ȍȍȕȍȋ
— ǴȖȓȟȐ — ȗȍȘȍȉȐȓ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒ dzȦ — ȇ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ Țȍȉȧ ȏȕȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ Ǩ
ȒȘȖȔȍ ȚȖȋȖ Țȣ — ȌȍȊȖȟȒȈ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ ȕȍ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ șȗȖȘȐȚȤ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ — ȊșȍȘȤȍȏ ȘȈș-
șȍȘȌȐȓșȧ ǺȐȕ
ǹȗțșȒȈȦȡȐȍșȧ șțȔȍȘȒȐ ȗȘȐȔȐȘȐȓȐ ȌȍȚȍȑ ȖȉȖȐȔ ȕȈȌȖ ȉȣȓȖ șȗȍȠȐȚȤ ȕȈ ȜȈȉ-
ȘȐȒȐ ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȟȍȓȣȑ ȋȖȌ ȐȏȖ Ȍȕȧ Ȋ ȌȍȕȤ ȗȘȖȏȧȉȈȚȤ Ȋ ȒȈȚȖȘȎȕȖȔ ȚȘțȌȍ ȕȍ ȊȣȝȖ-
Ȍȧ ȊȖȊșȍ ȏȈ ȜȈȉȘȐȟȕȣȍ șȚȍȕȣ
ǺȍȒșȚȐȓȤȕȈȧ ȜȈȉȘȐȒȈ ©ǫȈȑ-ǵȈȑ-DzȈȑȠȈª Ȑ șȗȐȟȍȟȕȈȧ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓ
ǺȐȕ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȘȧȌȖȔ Ȑ ȌȍȚȐ ȗȘȖȡȈȧșȤ țșȓȖȊȐȓȐșȤ șȕȖȊȈ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȚȤșȧ
ȗȖȐȋȘȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȚȖȔ Ȏȍ ȔȍșȚȍ ȕȈ ȚȘȖȚțȈȘȍ Ȋ ȚȍȕȐ ȏȈȗȘȍȚȕȖȋȖ șȈȌȈ ȕȈ ȉțȌțȡȐȑ
ǵȖȊȣȑ ȋȖȌ
ǸȈȏ Ȋ ȋȖȌț ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȓȐșȤ ǺȐȕ Ȑ dzȦ Ȑ ȊȍșȤ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȓȐ ȊȔȍșȚȍ
ǻȟȐȚȍȓȤ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒȈ ǻ ǩȈȑ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȋȘȈȔȖȚȍ ȖȉțȟȈȓ șȊȖȍȋȖ țȟȍȕȐȒȈ ȕȖ Ȑ ȖȚ-
ȒȘȣȊȈȓ ȍȔț ȋȓȈȏȈ ȕȈ șȖȞȐȈȓȤȕțȦ ȕȍȗȘȈȊȌț ȞȈȘȧȡțȦ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ǰ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ țȏȕȈ-
ȊȈȓ ǺȐȕ ȟȚȖ șȒȈȗȓȐȊȈȓȖșȤ ȏȈ ȋȖȌ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȒȍ — Ȋșȍ Ȗȕ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȊȈȓ
șȊȖȍȑ ȗȖȌȘțȎȒȍ
ǹ ȒȈȎȌȣȔ ȋȖȌȖȔ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȣ ȌȍȚȍȑ-ȘȈȉȖȟȐȝ ȗȘȐȖȉȘȍȚȈȓȐ Ȋșȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ Ȑ ȉȖȓȍȍ
ȋȓțȉȖȒȐȑ Ȑ ȖșȔȣșȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘ
ǺȐȕ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȗȖȌȘțȋȍ Ȗ ȚȈȑȕȣȝ ȦȕȖȠȍșȒȐȝ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȈȞȐȧȝ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȖȕȕȣȝ
șȚțȌȍȕȟȍșȒȐȝ șȖȦȏȈȝ Ȋ ȀȈȕȝȈȍ Ȗ ȒȖȔșȖȔȖȓȤȞȈȝ DzȈȕȚȖȕȈ Ȑ Ȗ ȒȘȈșȕȖȑ ȌȈȓȍȒȖȑ
șȚȘȈȕȍ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ Ȑȏ ȉȍȓȣȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȕȍ ȗȖȘȈȉȖȚȐȚȍȓȍȑ Ȉ ȌȘțȏȍȑ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȖȋȖ
ȕȈȘȖȌȈ Ȗȉ Ȑȝ ǪȍȓȐȒȖȔ ǬȖȉȘȖȔ Ǭțȝȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȏȕȈȚȍȕ Ȑ ȔțȌȘ ȟȍȔ șȈȔ
DzȖȕȜțȞȐȑ — Ȗ dzȍȕȐȕȍ ȏȈȡȐȚȕȐȒȍ Ȋșȍȝ țȋȕȍȚȍȕȕȣȝ Ȑ ȗȖȘȈȉȖȡȍȕȕȣȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ
ǷȘȖȠȓȖ ȍȡȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ©ǵȖȊȣȝ ȋȖȌȖȊª
ǺȐȕț ȐșȗȖȓȕȐȓȖșȤ țȎȍ ȊȖșȍȔȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȓȍȚ Ȑ ȍȔț ȒȈȒ ȊȏȘȖșȓȖȔț ȘȈȉȖȟȍȔț
ȘȈȏȘȍȠȐȓȐ ȗȍȘȍșȍȓȐȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȊȖȓȦ Ȋ ȟȈșȚȕȣȑ ȌȖȔ
dzȦ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȔȐȕțȓ ȗȧȚȕȈȌȞȈȚȣȑ ȋȖȌ ȕȈțȟȐȓȈșȤ ȖȚ șȚȈȘȠȐȝ ȗȖȌȘțȋ ȟȈȡȍ
ȊȐȌȍȚȤșȧ ș ǺȐȕȖȔ Ǭȓȧ ȊȕȍȖȟȍȘȍȌȕȣȝ ȖȚȗțșȒȖȊ ȖȕȈ ©șȌȘțȎȐȓȈșȤª ș ȗȘȐȊȘȈȚ-
ȕȐȒȖȔ-ȧȗȖȧȞȍȔ ǼțȒțȌȈ-ǹȈȕȖȔ Ȑ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȌȍȎțȘșȚȊȈȝ ȗȖ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȋȈȔ ȚȈȑȕȖ ȗȖȒȐ-
ȌȈȓȈ ȜȈȉȘȐȟȕȣȑ ȌȊȖȘ Ȗȉȕȍșȍȕȕȣȑ ȊȣșȖȒȖȑ șȚȍȕȖȑ Ȑ ȒȖȓȦȟȍȑ ȗȘȖȊȖȓȖȒȖȑ ǯȈ
©ȖȚȗțșȒȐª ȌȍȊȖȟȒȈ ȘȈșȗȓȈȟȐȊȈȓȈșȤ ȔȖȓȖȌȣȔ ȚȍȓȖȔ
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DzȈȎȌȣȑ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȋ ǺȐȕ ȖȎȐȌȈȓ ȘȈȉȖȚȕȐȞț ș ȜȈȉȘȐȒȐ ©ǫȈȑ-ǵȈȑ-DzȈȑȠȈª ǵȖ
ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ ȕȍ ȖȌȐȕ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȒȈȔȖȘȒȍ ȕȈ ǿȈȗȍȑ șȖȉȐȘȈȓȈșȤ ȉȖȍȊȈȧ ȋȘțȗȗȈ ȘȈ-
ȉȖȟȍȑ ȔȖȓȖȌȍȎȐ dzȦ ȉȣȓȈ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȌȍȊțȠȒȖȑ șȘȍȌȐ ȕȐȝ Ȍȓȧ șȊȧȏȐ ș ȗȘȧ-

172
ȌȐȓȤȡȐȞȈȔȐ
DzȈȒ-ȚȖ Ȋ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȋȖȊ dzȦ ȊȉȍȎȈȓȈ ȏȈȗȣȝȈȊȠȐșȤ Ȓ ǺȐȕț Ȑ șȘȈȏț Ȏȍ
ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ ȊȏȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȕȕȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ
— ǻ ȕȈș ȕȈ ȜȈȉȘȐȒȍ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȤȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȍ ȋȖȘȍ ȔȖȧ ȓțȟȠȈȧ ȗȖȌȘțȋȈ ǹȦ-ǬȎȐ
ȊȏȌȘȍȔȕțȓȈ ȏȈ ȘȈȉȖȚȖȑ țȚȖȔȐȊȠȐșȤ ȕȈ ȐșȝȖȌȍ ȌȊȍȕȈȌȞȈȚȐȟȈșȖȊȖȑ ȕȖȟȕȖȑ șȔȍ-
ȕȣ Dz ǹȦ ȗȖȌșȒȖȟȐȓ ȕȈȌșȔȖȚȘȡȐȒ-ȧȗȖȕȍȞ Ȑ ȎȍșȚȖȒȖ ȐȏȉȐȓ ȍȍ ǪșȚțȗȐȓȐșȤ
ȊȏȘȖșȓȣȍ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȍ Ȑ ȧȗȖȕȞȣ ȕȈ ȕȈȠȐȝ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ țȉȐȓȐ ȓȦȉȐȔȞȈ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ — ȘȈȉȖ-
ȟȍȋȖ DzȖȕ-Ƿț-ǹȧȕȈ
— ǺȖȊȈȘȐȡȐ — ȗȍȘȍȉȐȓ ǺȐȕ — Ȋșȍ ȏȈ ȌȍȓȖ Ǻȣ ǹțȕ ȉȍȋȐ Ȋ ȗȘȖȜșȖȊȍȚ Țȣ
Ǻțȕ — Ȋ șȖȦȏ ȚȍȒșȚȐȓȍȑ Țȣ ǩȈȑ — Ȓ șȚțȌȍȕȚȈȔ Ȋ ȗȈȘȚȐȦ ǩȍȋȐȚȍ ȖȉȢȧȊȐȚȤ Ȗ
ȏȊȍȘșȚȊȈȝ ȕȈ ȜȈȉȘȐȒȍ ©ǫȈȑ-ǵȈȑ-DzȈȑȠȈª
ǶșȚȈȊȠȐșȤ ȕȈȍȌȐȕȍ ș dzȦ Ȗȕ ȐȏȊȓȍȒ Ȑȏ-ȗȖȌ ȕȈȘ ȒȐȗț ȉțȔȈȋ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǪȖȚ ȗȘȖȒȓȈȔȈȞȐȐ ȅȚȖ — ȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȖȗȈșȕȖȍ ȗȖȘțȟȍȕȐȍ ǰȝ ȕȈȌȖ ȘȈș-
ȒȓȍȐȚȤ ȚȈȑȒȖȔ Ȋ ȖȉȡȍȎȐȚȐȧȝ ȕȈ ȏȈȉȖȘȈȝ ȕȈ ȜȈȉȘȐȒȍ ǹȍȑȟȈș ȗȘȐ ȊȖȏȔțȡȍ-
ȕȐȐ ȘȈȉȖȚȕȐȞ ȥȚȐ ȉțȔȈȋȐ ȗȘȐȕȍșțȚ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȗȖȓȤȏȣ ȟȍȔ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȉȣ ȚȖ ȕȐ ȉȣȓȖ
ǵȖ ȉțȌȤ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȈ ȍșȓȐ ȗȖȑȔȈȦȚ Țȍȉȧ ©ȔȈȒȈȒȐª ȧȗȖȕȞȣ
 Țȍȉȍ ȕȍ șȌȖȉȘȖ-
ȊȈȚȤ ǫȖȊȖȘȐ Ȏȍ șȖȋȓȈșȕȈ ȓȐ ȘȈșȒȓȍȐȚȤ ȥȚȐ ȗȘȖȒȓȈȔȈȞȐȐ ț șȍȉȧ ȕȈ ȜȈȉȘȐȒȍ
dzȦ"dzȦ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ șȖȋȓȈșȕȈ ǶȕȈ ȕȈ Ȋșȍ ȋȖȚȖȊȈ Ȍȓȧ ȌȘțȋȈ ǪȘȍȔȍȕȈȔȐ ȍȑ ȚȈȒ ȝȖ-
ȟȍȚșȧ ȗȘȐȎȈȚȤșȧ Ȓ ǺȐȕț ȗȖȓȈșȒȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȕȖ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ șȔȍȍȚ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȘȈș-
șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȍȔț Ȗ șȊȖȍȔ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȐ ǶȕȈ ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ ȕȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȌȈȎȍ ȒȈȒȖȑ ȞȍȕȖȑ
ȗȖȓțȟȈȍȚ ©ȟȍȚȊȍȘȋȖȊȣȍ ȖȚȗțșȒȐª ȖȚ ȝȐȡȕȐȒȈ ǼțȒțȌȈ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȖȊȐȌȈȚȤșȧ ș ǺȐȕȖȔ
— ǹȖȋȓȈșȕȈ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓȈ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ
— ǸȈȏȌȍȕȤșȧ ȌȖȋȖȓȈ — șȒȖȔȈȕȌȖȊȈȓ ȦȕȖȠȈ
dzȦ ȗȖȒȖȘȕȖ șȒȐȕțȓȈ șȊȖȐ ȖȌȍȎȌȣ
ǺȐȕ ȖȉȔȖȚȈȓ ȍȍ ȋȖȓȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ ȗȘȖȒȓȈȔȈȞȐȧȔȐ Ȑ țȒȘȍȗȐȓ Ȑȝ ȊȍȘȍȊȒȈȔȐ
— Ǩȝ ȗȖȟȍȔț Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȎȈȓșȧ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȒ ȥȚȖȚ ȕȍȕȈȊȐșȚȕȣȑ ȗȖȚȓȐȊȣȑ
©ȔȈȒȈȒȈª — ȌțȔȈȓȈ dzȦ-ǿȤȍȕ ȕȈȌȍȊȈȧ ȗȓȈȚȤȍ ȕȈ ȉțȔȈȎȕȣȍ ȖȉȔȖȚȒȐ
ǷȘȖȒȓȈȔȈȞȐȐ ȎȋȓȐ ȍȍ ȚȍȓȖ
dzȦ ȚȖ Ȑ ȌȍȓȖ ȖȏȐȘȈȧșȤ ȗȖ șȚȖȘȖȕȈȔ ȗȘȐȒȓȍȐȊȈȓȈ țȎȍ ȚȘȐȕȈȌȞȈȚțȦ ȉțȔȈȎ-
Ȓț ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȓ ȕȍȑ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ țȋȓȈ ȖȉȡȍȎȐȚȐȧ ȗȖȌșȒȖȟȐȓ ǼțȒțȌȈ Ȑ ȉȣșȚȘȣȔ ȗȘȐȍȔȖȔ
ȌȎȐț-ȌȎȐȞț șȒȘțȚȐȓ ȘțȒȐ ȏȈ șȗȐȕț
— ǵț ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȧ ȏȕȈȦ ȒțȌȈ Țȣ ȉȍȋȈȓȈ ȗȖ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȋȈȔ ȕȍȟȐșȚȈȧ ȚȊȈȘȤ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ
Țȣ ȘȈșșȒȈȎȍȠȤ Ȗ șȊȖȐȝ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȣȝ ȌȘțȏȤȧȝ Ȋ ©ȚȍȔȕȖȑ ȒȖȕȚȖȘȒȍª
ǰ ȧȗȖȕȍȞ ȗȖȊȍȓ ȌȍȊțȠȒț Ȋ țȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȜȈȉȘȐȒȐ
ǺȘȐ Ȍȕȧ ȊșȧȟȍșȒȐ ȗȣȚȈȓȐ ȗȈȓȈȟȐ dzȦ ǵȖ ȕȐ ȍȌȐȕȣȔ șȓȖȊȖȔ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ Ȋȣ-
ȌȈȓȈ ǺȐȕȈ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȌȘțȏȍȑ
ǬȍȊțȠȒȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȉȍȏ ȗȈȔȧȚȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȓ ȧȗȖȕșȒȖȑ ȜȈȉȘȐȒȍ ©ǫȈȑ-ǵȈȑ-DzȈȑȠȈª ȗȖȌ-
șȚțȗȐȓȈ ȔȕȖȋȖȚȣșȧȟȕȈȧ ȚȖȓȗȈ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȝ
ǪȗȍȘȍȌȐ șȖ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȍȔ — ȔȖȓȖȌȍȎȤ Ȑ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊȖȔ ȘȧȌț ȍȍ — ǺȐȕ
ǪȍȚȍȘ ȘȈȏȊȍȊȈȓ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȈ ȕȈȌ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȍȕȕȖȑ ȚȖȓȗȖȑ
DzȘȐȒȐ ǸȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȖȕȕȣȍ ȗȍșȕȐ
ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ ȗȖȌ ȕȈȗȖȘȖȔ ȚȖȓȗȣ șȓȍȚȍȓȐ ȊȖȘȖȚȈ ȧȗȖȕșȒȖȑ ȜȈȉȘȐȒȐ
ǸȈȉȖȚȕȐȞȣ-ȗȘȧȌȐȓȤȡȐȞȣ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȚȤ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȣȝ ȋȖșȚȍȑ ȖȕȐ Ȋșȍ
ȉȣȓȐ șȖȋȕȈȕȣ Ȋ ȜȈȉȘȐȟȕȣȍ ȉȈȘȈȒȐ Ȑ ȏȈȒȘȣȚȣ ȕȈ ȏȈȔȒȐ

ȇȗȖȕȞȣ șȒȘȣȓȐșȤ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȚȈȑȕȣȑ ȝȖȌ ȕȈ ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕȕȣȑ șȍȚȚȓȤȔȍȕȚ ȋȌȍ țȎȍ
ȘȈȏȊȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȓȐșȤ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȕȣȍ ȠȐȗȣ-ȒȈȚțȠȒȐ ȒȖȓȦȟȍȑ ȗȘȖȊȖȓȖȒȐ
ǸȈȏȉȐȊȈȧ ȏȈȔȒȐ ǺȐȕ șȖ șȊȖȍȑ ȉȖȍȊȖȑ ȋȘțȗȗȖȑ ȊȖȘȊȈȓșȧ Ȑ Ȋ ©ȚȍȔȕțȦ ȒȖȕ-
ȚȖȘȒțª
ǺȈȔ Ȋ ȓțȎȈȝ ȒȘȖȊȐ ȓȍȎȈȓȈ ȔȍȘȚȊȈȧ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȈȧ dzȦ

«ȃǶȀǼǸǼǶª

175
DzȐȒț-șȈȕ ȖȌȕȈ Ȋ ȉțȔȈȎȕȖȔ ȌȖȔȐȒȍ ǻȏȖȘȐȚ ȉȍȏȌȍȓțȠȒȈȔȐ ȗȘȐȟțȌȓȐȊȣȍ
ȘȈȒțȠȒȐ ȞȊȍȚȕȣȍ ȔȖȘșȒȐȍ ȒȈȔȍȠȒȐ Ȍȓȧ ȗȘȖȌȈȎȐ Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌ
ǫȘțșȚȕȖ ȖȉȐȌȕȖ DzȐȒț-șȈȕ ǪȚȖȘȖȑ ȋȖȌ ȕȍțȘȖȎȈȑ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȟȈȡȍ Ȑ ȟȈȡȍ ȖȚȍȞ
ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ Ȗ ȍȍ ȋȖȌȈȝ  ȓȍȚ DzȐȒț Ȉ ȖȕȈ ȍȡȍ ȌȖȔȈ — ȚȧȎȒȖȑ ȖȉțȏȖȑ ȕȈ ȚȘțȌȖ-
Ȋȣȝ ȗȓȍȟȈȝ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ ȖȚȞȈ
— DzțȌȈ ȐȌȚȐ" Ǫ ©ǿȈȑȕȣȑ ȌȖȔȐȒª — ȕȍȒȘȈșȐȊȈ DzȐȒț ȕȍ ȉțȌțȚ ȚȧȕțȚȤșȧ ȔțȎ-
ȟȐȕȣ Ȓ ȍȍ ȗȘȖȌȈȎȕȣȔ ȓȈșȒȈȔ
 ȓȍȚ ȌȍȊțȠȒȍ ȕȖ ȕȐ ȖȌȐȕ ȦȕȖȠȈ ȕȍ ȗȘȐșȓȈȓ ȍȑ ©ȖȉȐª — ȠȍȓȒȖȊȣȑ ȗȖȧș
— Ȋ ȏȕȈȒ ȖȉȘțȟȍȕȐȧ
DzțȌȈ ȐȌȚȐ ȖȚ ȖȚȞȖȊșȒȐȝ țȒȖȘȖȊ" ǵȐȒȖȔț ȕȍ ȕțȎȕȈ DzȐȒț
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ țȋȘȦȔȣȑ ǹȐȔȈȕȖ ȕȍ ȌȈȍȚ ȗȘȖȝȖȌț DzȐȒț Ǩȝ ȏȈȟȍȔ șȚȘȖȑȕȣȑ ȒȘȈ-
șȈȊȍȞ ǹȐȔȈȕȖ — ȗȘȍȏȘȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȈȘȐȑ ©ȍȚȈª"1 ǶȚȍȞ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȖȚȌȈșȚ ȍȍ Ȋ Ȏȍȕȣ
ȕȍȟȐșȚȖȔț ©ȍȚȈª
ǵȘȈȊȐȚșȧ DzȐȒț ǹȐȔȈȕȖ Ȗȕ ȋȘȈȔȖȚȍȕ ȉȣȊȈȓ Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌȈȝ Ȗȕ ȊȣȌȍȓȣȊȈȍȚ ȚȈ-
ȒȐȍ ȒȘȈșȐȊȣȍ ȊȍȡȐ Ȑȏ ȒȖȎȐ ș ȌȘȈȒȖȕȈȔȐ ȗȚȐȞȈȔȐ Ȑ ȝȘȐȏȈȕȚȍȔȈȔȐ
ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȓțȟ șȒȖȓȤȏȕțȓ ȗȖ ȋȖȘȕȖȑ ȓȣșȐȕȍ ǹȒȖȘȖ ȗȖ ȋȖȘȕȣȔ ȚȘȖȗȈȔ ȗȖȌ-
ȕȐȔțȚșȧ șȖȋȉȍȕȕȣȍ șȍȓȤȟȈȕȍ ǰ ȖȚȍȞ DzȐȒț — șȚȈȘȣȑ ǹȈȉțȘȖ ȊȍȘȕȍȚșȧ Ȓ ȗțș-
ȚȖȔț ȖȟȈȋț
ǴȖȚȣȋȈ ȏȊȧȒȕțȓȈ ȏȈ ȗȖȘȖȋȖȔ ǪȏȌȘȖȋȕțȓȈ DzȐȒț ȖȚȍȞ
ǹȒȐȕțȓ șȖȓȖȔț ș ȗȓȍȟ Ȑ Ȋ ȉțȔȈȎȕȖȔ ȒȐȔȖȕȖ ȝȈȓȈȚȍ
 ȊȖȠȍȓ Ȋ ȌȖȔ ǵȍȗȘȐ-
ȊȍȚȓȐȊ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ ȗțȟȒȐ ȊȍȍȘȈ ȔȖȘȡȐȕ ȌȍȘȋȈȦȚșȧ ȗȖ ȓȐȞț
— ǹȓȣȠȈȓȈ DzȐȒț ȏȈ șȖșȍȌȒȖȑ ȗȖȌȘțȎȒȖȑ ȚȊȖȍȑ ǶȝȈȕȈ-șȈȕ ȕȣȕȍ ȗȘȐșȣ-
ȓȈȓȐ Ȑȏ ǩȍȘȍȋȖȊȖȋȖ ȘȣȉȈȞȒȖȋȖ șȍȓȈ șȊȈȚȈȦȚ — Ȑ șȔȖȚȘȐȚ ș ȌȖșȈȌȓȐȊȣȔ țȗ-
ȘȍȒȖȔ — Ǩȝ ȌȖȟȤ ȏȈ ȟȚȖ ȉȖȋȐ ȒȈȘȈȦȚ ȕȈș
ǴȖȓȟȐȚ DzȐȒț ǯȈȔȖȓȒ Ȑ șȚȈȘȐȒ
ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ Ȋ țȋȘȦȔȖȍ ȔȖȓȟȈȕȐȍ șțȔȍȘȍȟȕȖ-ȚțșȒȓȖȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ ȊȘȍȏȈȓȐșȤ ȖșȚ-
Șȣȍ ȚȖȘȖȗȓȐȊȣȍ ȏȊțȒȐ ȗȖșȍȓȒȖȊȖȋȖ ȔȍȌȕȖȋȖ ȋȖȕȋȈ șȏȣȊȈȓȐ ȕȈ șȝȖȌ
ǬȍȊțȠȒȈ ȘȈȏȌȊȐȕțȓȈ șȚȍȕț ȕȈ țȓȐȞȈȝ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȖȍ ȖȎȐȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȓȦȌȐ
ȊȣșȒȈȒȐȊȈȓȐ Ȑȏ ȌȖȔȖȊ ȗȍȘȍȋȐȉȈȓȐșȤ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȗȖȘȖȋȖȊ
— DzȐȒț DzȐȒț — ȒȘȐȟȐȚ șȖșȍȌȒȈ ǶȝȈȕȈ-șȈȕ — ǿțȌȖ Ȑȏ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ ǹȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȉț-
ȌțȚ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ ȎȐȊȣȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȕȈ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȐ ǪȍșȤ ȕȈȘȖȌ ȉțȌȍȚ șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ț ȝȘȈ-
ȔȈ șȓȣȠȐȠȤ șȏȣȊȈȦȚ"
ǪșȒȖȘȍ Ȋșȧ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȧ ȚȖȓȗȐȓȈșȤ ț ȝȘȈȔȈ ȉȖȋȐȕȐ ȔȐȓȖșȍȘȌȐȧ ǩȍȕȕȖȔ
DzțȟȒȈȔȐ ȚȍșȕȐȓȐșȤ ȔȖȓȖȌȣȍ ȒȘȍșȚȤȧȕȍ Ȋ șȖȓȖȔȍȕȕȣȝ ȠȓȧȗȈȝ ȏȈȋȖȘȍȓȣȍ
ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ Ȋ ȞȊȍȚȕȣȝ ȋȘȖȠȖȊȣȝ ȒȐȔȖȕȖ ș ȉȈȉȖȟȒȈȔȐ-ȉȈȕȚȈȔȐ ȗȖȧșȖȊ ȏȈ șȗȐ-
ȕȖȑ
ǪȖȏȓȍ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȑ ȔȈȠȐȕȣ ȗȘȐȍȏȎȐȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȒȘțȎȐȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȎțȎȎȈȓȐ ȉȘȐȚȖ-
ȋȖȓȖȊȣȍ ȓȐȠȈȑȟȈȚȣȍ ȋȖȓȣȠȐ ȘȍȉȧȚȈ
ǵȈȗȘȈȊȐȓȐ ȗȖȓȖȚȕȖ ǩȘȣȏȕțȓ ȖșȓȍȗȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȉȍȓȣȑ șȊȍȚ
ǵȈ ȌȖșȟȈȚȣȝ țȗȘțȋȐȝ ȗȖȌȔȖșȚȒȈȝ ȗȖȧȊȐȓȈșȤ ȦȘȒȈȧ ȜȐȋțȘȒȈ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȒȈ Ȋ
ȌȓȐȕȕȖȔ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑșȒȖȔ șȦȘȚțȒȍ ǵȈ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȕȖȔ ȗȖȓȖȚȕȍ ȏȈȠȕȣȘȧȓȈ șȔȍȠ-
ȕȈȧ ȚȍȕȤ
1 ©ȿɬɚª — ɩɪɟɡɪɟɧɧɵɣ ɤɥɚɫɫ ɩɚɪɢɟɜ ɜ əɩɨɧɢɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɞɨ ɫɢɯ ɩɨɪ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɛɵ
ɜɧɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɚ

176
— ǬȖșȚȖȗȖȟȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȍȑȠȐȍ ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕȍ ȇ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȤ ȜȈȉȘȐȒȐ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕȈ
DzȈȔȍȑȌȖ Ǭȓȧ ȊȈȠȍȑ țȊȈȎȈȍȔȖȑ ȗȈȔȧȚȐ ȔȖȍ șȒȘȖȔȕȖȍ ȐȔȧ — ȇȔȈȋțȟȐ-șȈȕ ȇ
ȗȖșȓȈȕ ȗȖȔȖȟȤ ȊȈȠȍȔț ȋȖȘȦ — ȕȈȔ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȌȊȈ ȋȖȌȈ ȗȖȌȘȧȌ ȕȍȉȖ ȒȈȘȈȍȚ
ȊȈȠ ȒȘȈȑ ȎȍșȚȖȒȐȔ ȕȍțȘȖȎȈȍȔ
ǴȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȉȍȏȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȑ ȇȔȈȋțȟȐ ȉȍȋȈȦȡȐȑ ȗȖ ȗȖȌȔȖșȚȒȈȔ ș ȘȈȏȊȍȊȈȦ-
ȡȐȔȐșȧ ȜȈȓȌȈȔȐ șȦȘȚțȒȈ ȒȈȏȈȓșȧ șȍȓȤȟȈȕȈȔ ȌȖȉȘȣȔ ȌțȝȖȔ șȗțșȚȐȊȠȐȔșȧ Ȋ
ȏȈȉȣȚțȦ ȋȖȘȕțȦ ȌȍȘȍȊțȠȒț
— ǪȈȠ șȚȈȘȖșȚȈ șȖȖȉȡȐȓ Ȕȕȍ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȊȈȠȍȑ ȌȍȘȍȊțȠȒȍ ȍȡȍ ȕȐ ȘȈȏț ȕȍ ȗȖȒȈ-
ȏȣȊȈȓȐ ȒȐȕȖ Ȑ ȊȖȚ ȧ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȗȖȒȈȎț ȊȈȔ ȥȚȖ ȟțȌȖ ǹȍȑȟȈș ȗȍȘȍȌ ȊȈȔȐ ȖȚ-
ȒȘȖȍȚșȧ ȚȖ șȟȈșȚȤȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȖȎȐȌȈȍȚ ȊȈȠȐȝ ȌȍȊțȠȍȒ ȍșȓȐ ȖȕȐ ȗȖȎȍȓȈȦȚ ȘȈ-
ȉȖȚȈȚȤ Ȋ ǺȖȒȐȖ ț ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕȈ DzȈȔȍȑȌȖ
ǫȐȋȈȕȚșȒȖȑ ȞȐȒȈȌȖȑ ȏȈșȚȘȍȒȖȚȈȓ ȒȐȕȖ-ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚ
ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ ȕȈ ȔȍȘȚȊȖȔ ȗȖȓȖȚȕȍ — ȎȐȊȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ ȊȍȘȚȓȧȊȣȍ țȓȐȞȣ ȌȖȔȈ
— ǪȖȚ ȖȌȕȈ Ȑȏ ȜȈȉȘȐȒ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȍȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕȈ DzȈȔȍȑȌȖ
ǷȍȘȍȌ ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȏȘȐȚȍȓȧȔȐ — ȘȖșȒȖȠȕȣȑ ȌȊȖȘȍȞ ǸȈșȗȈȌȈȦȚșȧ șȚȍ-
ȕȣ Ǫ ȗȘȖșȚȖȘȕȣȝ ȟȐșȚȣȝ ȏȈȓȈȝ ȏȈȓȐȚȣȝ șȊȍȚȖȔ ȒȐȕȖ-ȗȘȖȎȍȒȚȖȘȈ ț șȐȧȦȡȐȝ
ȐȋȘțȠȍȟȕȣȝ șȚȈȕȒȖȊ — șȚȘȖȑȕȣȍ ȘȧȌȣ ȌȍȊțȠȍȒ-©ȘȈȉȖȚȕȐȞª Ȋ ȠȍȓȒȖȊȣȝ
ȗȓȈȚȤȧȝ Ȋ ȓȈȒȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȝ ȟȍȘȕȣȔ ȌȖȘȖȋȐȔ ȓȈȒȖȔ ©ȋȍȚȚȈª șȈȕȌȈȓȐȧȝ dzȐȞȈ ©ȘȈ-
ȉȖȚȕȐȞª ȖȏȈȘȍȕȣ țȓȣȉȒȈȔȐ șȟȈșȚȤȍȔ ǹȓȖȊȕȖ ȗȣȠȕȣȍ ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ ȕȍ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȦȚ Ȉ
șȖȉȘȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȗȘȈȏȌȕȐȒ ȊȍșȍȕȕȐȝ ȞȊȍȚȖȊ DzȈȒ ȔȖȚȣȓȤȒȐ ȗȖȘȝȈȦȚ ȏȈ șȗȐȕȈ-ȔȐ
ȉȈȕȚȣ ȘȖșȒȖȠȕȣȝ ȗȖȧșȖȊ
— ǹȔȖȚȘȐȚȍ șȔȖȚȘȐȚȍ ȌȍȘȍȊȍȕșȒȐȍ ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ ǷȍȘȍȌ ȊȈȔȐ ȜȈȉȘȐȒȈ ȋȖșȗȖ-
ȌȐȕȈ DzȈȔȍȑȌȖ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȘȈȉȖȚȕȐȞȣ ǶȚȞȣ Ȑ ȔȈȚȍȘȐ ȊȈȠȐ ȌȖȟȍȘȐ ȔȖȋțȚ ȘȈȏȌȍ-
ȓȐȚȤ ȥȚȖ șȟȈșȚȤȍ ȋȖȘȖȌșȒȐȝ șȍșȚȘȐȞ
ǸȈșȗȈȌȈȦȚșȧ șȚȍȕȣ ǬȍȊțȠȒȐ-ȘȈȉȖȚȕȐȞȣª țȎȍ Ȋ Ȑȕȣȝ ȕȈȘȧȌȈȝ —ȠȒȖȓȤ-
ȕȐȞ — Ȋ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȖȑ ȒȓȈșșȕȖȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ
— ȅȚȖ — ȜȈȉȘȐȟȕȈȧ ȠȒȖȓȈ ǸȈȉȖȚȕȐȞ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕȈ DzȈȔȍȑȌȖ Ȋ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȖȍ ȊȘȍ-
Ȕȧ ȖȉțȟȈȦȚ ȗȖȓȕȖȔț ȞȍȘȍȔȖȕȐȈȓț ȟȈȑȕȖȑ șȍȘȊȐȘȖȊȒȐ ȗȘȈȊȐȓȈȔ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȋȖ ȚȖ-
ȕȈ ȒȘȖȑȒȍ Ȑ ȠȐȚȤȦ ȒțȓȐȕȈȘȕȖȔț Ȍȍȓț ȟȚȍȕȐȦ ǬȍȊțȠȒȐ ȏȈȊȚȘȈ ȧ ȖȚȒȘȖȦ ȏȈ-
ȗȐșȤ Ȋșȍȝ ȎȍȓȈȦȡȐȝ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȜȈȉȘȐȒȍ DzȈȔȍȑȌȖ ǷȘȐȝȖȌȐȚȍ șȦȌȈ Ȑ ȧ ȗȖ-
ȔȖȋț ȊȈȠȍȔț ȊȍȓȐȒȖȔț ȋȖȘȦ
DzȐȒț ȕȍ ȊȍȘȐȚ șȟȈșȚȤȦ ǹȈȔȈ șțȌȤȉȈ șȎȈȓȐȓȈșȤ ȕȈȌ ȕȐȒțȌȣȠȕȖȑ DzȐȒț
— ǯȈȊȚȘȈ Ȏȍ ȏȈȗȐȠțșȤ — ȠȍȗȟȍȚ DzȐȒț
ȀȍȦ ȖȉȖȎȋȓȖ ȉȣșȚȘȖȍ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȍ ȖȉȍȘȕțȓȈșȤ ǺȈȒ Ȑ ȍșȚȤ ȕȈȏȖȑȓȐȊȣȑ ©ȍȚȈª
ǹȐȔȈȕȖ dzȐȞȖ ȍȋȖ ȐșȒȈȎȍȕȖ ȏȓȖȉȖȑ
— ǯȈȗȐȠȍȠȤșȧ Ȋ ȘȈȉșȚȊȖ ȅȚȖȚ ȕȍȋȖȌȧȑ ȇȔȈȋțȟȐ — ȕȖȊȣȑ ©ȝȐȚȖȒȖȐª1 —
ȗȖșȚȈȊȡȐȒ ©ȎȐȊȖȋȖ ȚȖȊȈȘȈª ȕȈ ȜȈȉȘȐȒț ȗȈȘȈȏȐȚȈ DzȈȔȍȑȌȖ — șȒȊȖȏȤ ȏțȉȣ ȗȘȖ-
ȠȐȗȍȓ ǹȐȔȈȕȖ
ǶȚȒȐȕțȓȈșȤ DzȐȒț Ȑ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ ȗȘȐȎȈȓȈșȤ Ȓ ȗȖȌȘțȋȍ
ǷȖȎȈȓȍȓȈ ©ȍȚȈª Ȗȕ ȏȓȖȑ Ȗȕ ȉȖȐȚșȧ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȚȤ DzȐȒț ȘȈșșȚȈȚȤșȧ ș ȕȍȑ
ǷȖȚțȝȓȖ ȒȐȕȖ-șȟȈșȚȤȍ ȕȖ DzȐȒț ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȈ ȚȘȖȕțȚȤșȧ ș ȔȍșȚȈ — ȒȈȒ ȏȈȟȈȘȖ-
ȊȈȕȕȈȧ șȚȖȧȓȈ ț ȝȘȈȔȈ
1 ©ɏɢɬɨɤɨɢª — ɬɚɤ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɜ əɩɨɧɢɢ ɚɝɟɧɬɚ ɩɨ ɤɭɩɥɟ-ɩɪɨɞɚɠɟ ©ɠɢɜɨɝɨ ɬɨɜɚɪɚª —
ɞɟɜɭɲɟɤ ɜ ɞɨɦɚ ɬɟɪɩɢɦɨɫɬɢ

177
ǵȖȟȤȦ DzȐȒț șȕȐȓșȧ șȒȈȏȖȟȕȣȑ ȌȊȖȘȍȞ — ȜȈȉȘȐȒȈ ȏȈȓȐȚȈȧ ȘȍȎțȡȐȔ ȋȓȈ-
ȏȈ șȊȍȚȖȔ DzȈȒ ȉȈȉȖȟȒȈ ȗȖȘȝȈȓȈ DzȐȒț Ȑ ȕȍșȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȚ șȊȍȚ ȖȕȈ țȉȍȋȈȓȈ ȖȚ
ȏȓȖȋȖ ©ȍȚȈª
ǷȍȘȍȌ DzȐȒț ȔȍȓȤȒȈȓȐ ȗȓȧșȈȓȐ ȐȏțȔȘțȌȕȣȍ ȉȈȕȚȣ ȘȖșȒȖȠȕȣȝ ©ȘȈȉȖȚȕȐȞª
ǰ — șȕȐȓȖșȤ — ȖȕȈ șȘȍȌȐ ȕȐȝ ȚȈȒȈȧ Ȏȍ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȈȧ Ȑ ȕȈȘȧȌȕȈȧ ț ȐȋȘțȠȍȟ-
ȕȖȋȖ șȚȈȕȒȈ
ǸȈȕȖ țȚȘȖȔ DzȐȒț ș ȖȚȞȖȔ ȍȌȊȈ-ȍȌȊȈ ȗȘȖșțȕțȓȐșȤ Ȓ ȗȖȝȖȌȕȖȑ ȒȖȕȚȖȘȒȍ ȇȔȈ-
ȋțȟȐ
DzȐȒț ȏȈȗȐșȈȓȐ Ȑ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓȐ ȍȑ  ȏȖȓȖȚȣȝ ȔȖȕȍȚ DzȐȒț ȕȍ ȊȍȘȐȚ ȕȍ șȖȕ ȓȐ
ȥȚȖ" Ǫșȍ ȍȑ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ șȒȈȏȖȟȕȣȔ ȊȖȓȠȍȉȕȣȔ Ȑ ȔȖȋțȟȍȍ țȚȘȍȕȕȍȍ șȖȓȕȞȍ Ȑ
ȘȖȌȐȔȣȑ ȗȖșȍȓȖȒ Ȑ ȚȖȓȗȈ ȗȖȓțȋȖȓȖȌȕȣȝ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȍȕȕȣȝ ȌȍȊțȠȍȒ Ȑ ȔȈȓȍȕȤ-
ȒȐȑ ȎȍȓȚȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ș ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ ȉȍȏȏțȉȣȔ ȘȚȖȔ — ȌȖȉȘȣȑ Ȍțȝ ȇȔȈȋțȟȐ
ǶȚȍȞ Ȋ ȥȚȖȚ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȕȍ ȉȣȓ șțȘȖȊȣȔ Ȗȕ ȓȈșȒȖȊȖ ȖȉȝȖȌȐȓșȧ ș
DzȐȒț ȗȖȔȖȋȈȓ ȍȑ țȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȚȤ Ȋ ȗȓȍȚȍȕȣȍ ȒȖȘȏȐȕȒȐ șȒțȌȕȣȍ ȌȍȊȐȟȤȐ ȗȖȎȐȚ-
ȒȐǨ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ DzȐȒț ș ȗȈȘȚȐȍȑ ȌȍȊțȠȍȒ-ȖȌȕȖșȍȓȤȟȈȕȖȒ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ ǺȖȒȐȖ ȏȈ
șȒȈȏȖȟȕȣȔ șȟȈșȚȤȍȔ
dzȐȠȤ ȕȈ șȈȔȖȔ ȒȘȈȦ șȍȓȈ ȚȍȘȗȒȈȧ ȌȖșȈȌȈ ȖȗȈȓȐȓȈ ȉȍȏȔȧȚȍȎȕțȦ ȌțȠț Ȍȍ-
ȊțȠȒȐ Ȑȏ ȘȖȡȐȞȣ ȊȣșȒȖȟȐȓ ©ȍȚȈª ǹȐȔȈȕȖ Ȑ ȗȘȖȠȐȗȍȓ ȊȖȏȓȍ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȓȐȞȈ
DzȐȒț
— ǷȘȖȡȈȑ DzȐȒț DzȖȋȌȈ ȉțȌȍȠȤ ȕȈ ȜȈȉȘȐȒȍ — ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȠȤ Ȕȍȕȧ
Ǫ ȖȒȘȍșȚȕȖșȚȧȝ ǺȖȒȐȖ șȚȖȧȚ țȋȘȦȔȣȍ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȣȍ ȒȖȘȗțșȈ ǶȕȐ Ȗȉȕȍșȍȕȣ
ȊȈȓȖȔ ȐȏȋȖȘȖȌȤȦ Ȑȏ ȒȖȓȦȟȍȑ ȗȘȖȊȖȓȖȒȐ
ȅȚȖ ȕȍ ȚȦȘȤȔȈ ȅȚȖ ȖȌȕȈ Ȑȏ ȚȍȒșȚȐȓȤȕȣȝ ȜȈȉȘȐȒ ȧȗȖȕșȒȖȋȖ ȉȖȋȈȚȍȧ DzȈ-
ȔȍȑȌȖ
ǺȣșȧȟȐ ȖȉȔȈȕțȚȣȝ ȌȍȊțȠȍȒ — ©ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȝ ȗȚȐȟȍȒ-ȗȘȧȌȐȓȤȕȐȞª — ȚȖȔȧȚșȧ Ȋ
ȏȈșȚȍȕȒȈȝ ȜȈȉȘȐȒȐ
ǷȖ  ȟȈșȖȊ Ȋ șțȚȒȐ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȦȚ ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ Ȋ ȋȘȧȏȕȣȝ ȌțȠȕȣȝ ȒȖȘȗțșȈȝ ǯȈ ȔȈ-
ȓȍȑȠțȦ ȗȘȖȊȐȕȕȖșȚȤ ȖșȓțȠȈȕȐȍ — ȕȈȒȈȏȣȊȈȦȚ ȘȈȉȖȚȕȐȞ Ȑȝ șȚȈȊȧȚ ©ȕȈ ȟȈ-
șȣª ș ȚȧȎȍȓȣȔ ȧȡȐȒȖȔ ȕȈ ȊȣȚȧȕțȚȣȝ ȘțȒȈȝ ǵȈȌșȔȖȚȘȡȐȒȐ-ȗȈȓȈȟȐ șȓȍȌȧȚ
ȕȍ ȠȍȓȖȝȕȍȚșȧ ȓȐ ȎȍȘȚȊȈ
ǸȈȉȖȚȕȐȞȣ ȕȈ ȌȖȓȋȐȍ ȋȖȌȣ ȒȖȕȚȘȈȒȚȈ ȖȚȋȖȘȖȎȍȕȣ ȖȚ ȊșȍȋȖ ȔȐȘȈ ǵȐȒȚȖ —
ȌȈȎȍ ȘȖȌȕȖȑ ȉȘȈȚ ȖȚȍȞ — ȕȍ șȔȍȍȚ ȗȖșȍȡȈȚȤ Ȑȝ ǵȐȒțȌȈ ȏȈ ȗȘȍȌȍȓȣ ȜȈȉȘȐ-
ȒȐ ȕȍ șȔȍȦȚ ȊȣȑȚȐ ȖȉȘȍȟȍȕȕȣȍ ȕȈ ȒȈȚȖȘȎȕȣȑ ȚȘțȌ Ȑ ȚȦȘȍȔȕȣȑ ȉȣȚ ȌȍȊțȠ-
ȒȐ
ȇȘȒȐ Ȋ ȗȈȔȧȚȐ DzȐȒț ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ șȓȖȊȈ ©ȍȚȈª ǹȐȔȈȕȖ ǪȖȚ țȎȍ ȚȘȍȚȐȑ ȋȖȌ
ȖȚȖȘȊȈȕȕȈȧ ȖȚ ȘȖȌȐȕȣ ȖȚ ȊșȍȋȖ ȔȐȘȈ ȖȋȖȘȖȎȍȕȕȈȧ ȒȖȓȦȟȍȑ ȗȘȖȊȖȓȖȒȖȑ — ȚȖ-
ȔȐȚșȧ ȖȉȔȈȕțȚȈȧ ȒȐȕȖ-șȟȈșȚȤȍȔ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ
ǵȈȔȍȌȕȐ ȗȖȒȘȈșȕȍȓȐ ȗȓȍȊȒȐ ȐȏȕțȘȍȕȕȖȑ DzȐȒț — ȗȖȌȘțȋȐ ȋȖȊȖȘȧȚ șȔȍȘ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȤ — ȟȈȝȖȚȒȈ — șȊȐȓȈ ȋȕȍȏȌȖ Ȋ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȖȉȍșșȐȓȍȕȕȖȑ ȋȘțȌȐ DzȐ-
Ȓț

ǹȒȖȘȖ șȒȖȘȖ DzȐȒț ȗȖȗȈȌȍȚ Ȋ ȍȎȍȋȖȌȕȣȑ șȒȖȘȉȕȣȑ șȗȐșȖȒ Țȣșȧȟ ȎȍȘȚȊ1 Ȗȉ-
ȔȈȕțȚȣȝ ©ǪȍȓȐȒȐȔ ǵȍȔȣȔª Ȑ ȍȋȖ șȗȖȌȘțȟȕȣȔ — ȊȍȓȐȒȐȔ ȉȖȓȚțȕȖȔ —șȊȖȌ-
ȕȐȒȖȔ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȓȈ ȊȍȘȉȖȊȡȐȒȖȔ ȇȔȈȋțȟȐ.
1 ȼ əɩɨɧɢɢ ɧɚɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɜɵɲɟ  ɠɟɧɳɢɧ ɢ ɞɟɜɭɲɟɤ ɬɟɤɫɬɢɥɶɳɢɰ ɉɨ ɫɬɚ-
ɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɟɠɟɝɨɞɧɨ ɭɦɢɪɚɟɬ  ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɰ ɢɡ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɱɢɫɥɚ 
 ȼ Ɇ

ǺǮǻȅǴȁǾǿǸǮȍ ǯȉǹȊ

180
ǩȘȈȚșȚȊȖ ǷȖȚȘȍȉȐȚȍȓȧ — ǩȍȌȕȧȒȈ
ǷȍȘȊȣȑ
ǼțȌȏȧȌȧȕșȒȐȑ ǵȈȘȖȌ-
ȕȣȑ DzȖȖȗȍȘȈȚȐȊ
©DzȘȈșȕȈȧ dzȈȊȒȈª
ǻȏȒȐȍ ȋȓțȉȖȒȐȍ țȓȐȟȒȐ Ȋșȍ ȟȈȡȍ ȓȖȔȈȓȐșȤ ȗȍȘȍșȍȒȈȓȐșȤ Ȑ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȐșȤ Țȍș-
ȕȍȑ Ȑ Țȍșȕȍȑ ȊȣȚȧȋȐȊȈȧșȤ Ȋ țȏȒȐȍ ȚȘȖȗȐȕȒȐ ȔȍȎȌț ȌȖȔȈȔȐ
ǷȖ țȓȐȞȈȔ ȕȍȗȘȍȘȣȊȕȖ ȚȍȒțȚ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȍ ȗȖȚȖȒȐ
ǫȘȖȝȖȚ ȋȖȕȋȖȊ ȚȘȍșȒȖȚȕȧ ȒȖșȚȍȑ ȚȘȍȕȤȒȈȕȤȍ ȊȍȘȍȊȖȟȕȣȝ șȚȘțȕ șȊȐșȚ ȏȊț-
ȟȈȡȐȝ ȒȈȔȕȍȑ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȐȍ Ȑ ȖȚȘȣȊȐșȚȣȍ ȔȍȓȖȌȐȐ șȊȐșȚțȓȍȒ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ șȔȍȠȐȊȈ-
ȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȕȍțȔȖȓȒȈȍȔȣȑ ȗȘȐȟțȌȓȐȊȣȑ ȠțȔ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȖȋȖ ȉțȘȕȖȋȖ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ ǺȈȒ ȕȈ Ȋșȍ
ȓȈȌȣ ȉȘȖȌȧȟȐȍ ȘȍȔȍșȓȍȕȕȐȒȐ Ȑ țȓȐȟȕȣȍ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȞȣ ȊȖȏȊȍȡȈȓȐ Ȗ șȊȖȐȝ ȚȖȊȈ-
ȘȈȝ Ȑ ȘȍȔȍșȓȈȝ
— ǬȏȐȕȕȋ ǬȏȐȕȕȋ — ȘȈșȒȘȣȊȈȦȚ ȗȈșȚȤ ȔȍȚȈȓȓȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȡȐȗȞȣ Ȋ ȠțșȚȘȣȝ
ȘțȒȈȝ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȕȖȋȖ ȉȘȈȌȖȉȘȍȧ
— ǿțȦȐȑ ǿțȦȐȑ — ȠȍȗȟȍȚ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȍȞ ȋȖȘȧȟȍȑ șȊȐȕȐȕȣ
ǰȏ ȡȍȓȍȑ ȗȘȖȒȖȗȟȍȕȕȣȝ ȌȖȔȖȊ ȗȘȖȉȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ȗȈȘ ȗȍȓȤȔȍȕȍȑ Ȑ ȌțȘȔȈȕȧȡȐȑ
ȌȣȔ ȟȍȘȕȖȋȖ ȖȗȐțȔȈ ȖȚ ȗȖȝȖȌȕȣȝ ȗȍȟȍȑ — ȎȍșȚȧȕȣȝ ȉȈȕȖȒ — ȊȣȗȖȓȏȈȦȚ țȌț-
ȠȓȐȊȣȍ ȏȈȗȈȝȐ ȎȈȘȍȕȖȑ șȕȍȌȐ ȚȘȍȡȈȡȍȋȖ ȕȈ șȒȖȊȖȘȖȌȈȝ ȒȈșȚȖȘȖȊȖȋȖ Ȑ ȉȖ-
ȉȖȊȖȋȖ ȔȈșȓȈ ȟȍșȕȖȒȈ Ȑ ȊȖȌȖȘȖșȓȍȑ
Ǫ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ȘȧȉȐȚ ȖȚ ȗȍșȚȘȣȝ ȒȘȈșȖȒ ȊȍȘȚȓȧȊȣȝ ȊȐȚȘȐȕ
ǺȈȒȖȊ ǼțȌȏȧȌȧȕ — șȖșȍȌ ©ȋȖȘȖȌȈ ǪȍȓȐȒȐȝ ǴȖȋȐȓª ǽȈȘȉȐȕȈ — ȕȈ ȔȖȋțȟȍȑ
ȒȖȘȔȐȓȐȞȍ ǴȈȕȟȎțȘȐȐ — ȘȍȒȍ ǹțȕȋȈȘȐ
ǵȈ ȖȉȓȐȒȍ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ — ȗȍȟȈȚȤ ȚȣșȧȟȍȓȍȚȐȑ ǰȕȖȋȌȈ ȕȈ ȊȣșȖȒȖȔ ȠȍșȚȍ ȊȣȠȍ
ȋȖȓȖȊ ȎȐȊȣȝ ȗȘȖȝȖȎȐȝ ȊȣȕȣȘȕȍȚ ȊȖȓȖșȈȚȈȧ ȔȍȘȚȊȈȧ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȈȧ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ș
ȒțșȒȈȔȐ ȏȈȗȍȒȠȍȑșȧ ȟȍȘȕȖȑ ȒȘȖȊȐ ȕȈ Ƞȍȍ ȅȚȖ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ȝțȕȝțȏȈ-ȘȈȏȉȖȑȕȐȒȈ ȒȈȏ-
ȕȍȕȕȖȋȖ Ȋ ȕȈȏȐȌȈȕȐȍ ȕȈȘȖȌț
ǵȖ Ȋ șȈȔȖȔ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ ȕȈ țȓȐȞȍ ǹȈȕ-Ȍȍ-ȋȍ șȘȍȌȐ ȖșȚȈȕȒȖȊ ȚȣșȧȟȍȓȍȚ-
ȕȍȋȖ ȉȣȚȈ ȗȘȐȚȈȐȓȈșȤ ȕȍȉȣȊȈȓȈȧ ȕȖȊȤ
ǵȈ ȊȐșȧȟȐȝ ȖȚ ȐȏȖȋȕțȚȖȑ ȒȘȣȠȐ ȌȖ șȈȔȖȑ ȏȍȔȓȐ ȒȘȈșȕȣȝ țȏȒȐȝ ȓȈȒȐȘȖ-
ȊȈȕȕȣȝ ȌȖșȒȈȝ-ȊȣȊȍșȒȈȝ ȗȍșȚȘȧȚ ȏȈȚȍȑȓȐȊȣȍ țȏȖȘȟȈȚȣȍ ȐȍȘȖȋȓȐȜȣ.
ǴȕȖȋȖȍ ȔȖȋ ȉȣ ȗȖȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȚȤ șȊȖȐȔ ȏȈȊșȍȋȌȈȚȈȧȔ-ȗȖȒțȗȈȚȍȓȧȔ ȋȓȈȊȈȘȤ ȒȖ-
ȖȗȍȘȈȚȐȊȈ ȖȌȕȖȋȓȈȏȣȑ ȘȧȉȖȑ ǪȈȕ-ǹȣ Ƕȕ ȔȖȓȖȌ ȍȡȍ — ȍȔț Ȑ șȖȘȖȒȈ ȕȍȚ ȕȖ
ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȋȖȌ ȍȋȖ ȖȚȔȍȟȍȕ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȣȔȐ șȖȉȣȚȐȧȔȐ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ǴȖȓȖ-
ȌȣȔ ȒȘȍȗȒȐȔ ȗȈȘȕȍȔ ǪȈȕ-ǹȣ ȉȣȓ ȊȣȊȍȏȍȕ ș ȚȣșȧȟȈȔȐ ȒțȓȐ ȕȈ șȍȊȍȘ Ȋ ȟțȎțȦ
șȚȘȈȕț — șȚȘȖȐȚȤ ǴțȘȔȈȕșȒțȦ ȎȍȓȍȏȕțȦ ȌȖȘȖȋț ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ Ȋ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȍ ȋȖȌȣ
ȒȖȋȌȈ ȊȍșȤ ȔȐȘ ȒȐȗȍȓ Ȋ ȒȘȖȊȈȊȖȔ ȒȖȚȓȍ ȐȔȗȍȘȐȈȓȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȊȖȑȕȣ ǹ Țȍȝ
ȗȖȘ ǪȈȕ-ǹȣ ȔȕȖȋȖȍ ȗȖȊȐȌȈȓ Șȣȓ ȖȒȖȗȣ ȕȈ ȏȈȗȈȌȕȖȔ ȜȘȖȕȚȍ ȗȓȍȟȖȔ Ȓ ȗȓȍȟț
ș ȘțșșȒȐȔȐ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȔȐ ȉȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ǪȖșȚȖȒȍ ș ȘțșșȒȐȔȐ ȒȖȓȟȈȒȖȊșȒȐȔȐ ȔȈȕȌȈȘȐ-
ȕȈȔȐ ǷȖȉȣȊȈȓ ǪȈȕ-ǹȣ Ȑ ȕȈ Ȇȋȍ șȊȖȍȑ ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒȖȑ ȘȖȌȐȕȣ — ȉȣȓ Ȋ ȘȧȌȈȝ

181
ȦȎȕȖȑ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȖȕȕȖȑ ȈȘȔȐȐ ȌȖ Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ ȗȖȒȈ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȈȧ șȖȉȈȒȈ ǿȈȕ-DzȈȑ-
ȀȐ ȕȍ ȗȘȍȌȈȓ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȖȑ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȐ
Ǫ ȠȈȕȝȈȑșȒȐȝ țȓȐȟȕȣȝ ȉȖȧȝ ȗȘȖȚȒȕțȓȐ ȠȚȣȒȖȔ ȋȓȈȏ ǪȈȕ-ǹȣ ǵȖ ț ǪȈȕ-ǹȣ
ȖșȚȈȓșȧ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȋȓȈȏ Ȑ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȖȗȣȚȈ Ȑ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȕȍȕȈȊȐșȚȐ Ȓ ȊȘȈȋȈȔ
ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȖȋȖ ȕȈȘȖȌȈ
ǴȕȖȋȖȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓ ȉȣ ȏȈȊșȍȋȌȈȚȈȧȔ-ȗȖȒțȗȈȚȍȓȧȔ ȋȓȈȊȈȘȤ ȓȈȊȒȐ ȖȌȕȖȋȓȈ-
ȏȣȑ ǪȈȕ-ǹȣ ǵȖ ȘȈȏȊȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȎȍȠȤ Ȗ ȗȘȈȊȌȍ ȍȋȖ ȎȐȏȕȐ țȏȕȈȑ ȥȚț ȗȘȈȊȌț ȗȈ-
ȓȈȟȐ ȕȈȘȖȌȈ — ȊȓȈșȚȐ — Ȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ǪȈȕ-ǹȣ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȉȣ ȕȈ ȊȣșȖȒȖȔ ȠȍșȚȍ ȕȈ
ȗȍȘȍȒȘȍșȚȒȍ ȐȏȖȋȕțȚȣȝ ȊȍȘȚȓȧȊȣȝ țȓȐȞ
ǹȒȐȚȈȧșȤ Ȟȍȓȣȑ ȋȖȌ ȗȘȖșȓțȎȐȓ ǪȈȕ-ǹȣ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȟȐȒȖȔ Ȋ ȘțșșȒȖȔ ȗȖȚȘȍȉȐ-
ȚȍȓȤșȒȖȔ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȝ Ȑ șȓțȎȈȡȐȝ DzȐȚȈȑșȒȖȑ ȊȖșȚȖȟȕȖȑ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȖȑ ȌȖ-
ȘȖȋȐ
ǰ ȗȖȏȕȈȒȖȔȐȊȠȐșȤ ș ȕȖȊȣȔ Ȍȓȧ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȈ ȌȍȓȖȔ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ ȏȈȌțȔȈȓșȧ ǪȈȕ-ǹȣ
ȕȈȌ ȋȖȘȍȔ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȈ ȉȍȌȕȧȒȈ șȖ Ȋșȍȝ șȚȖȘȖȕ ȉȍȌȕȧȒ ȖȗțȚȈȕ ȓȐȗȒȖȑ ȗȈțȚȐȕȖȑ
ȖȉȧȏȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊ Ȑ ȌȖȓȋȖȊ DzțȗȞȣ-ȗȈțȒȐ ȌȍȘȎȈȚ Ȋ ȎȈȌȕȣȝ ȞȍȗȒȐȝ ȓȈȗȈȝ șȊȖȐȝ ȊșȦ
ȉȍȌȕȖȚț ȋȖȘȖȌȈ
— ǪȖȚ ȚțȚ-ȚȖ Ȑ ȗȘȐȋȖȌȐȚșȧ ȖȌȕȖȋȓȈȏȣȑ ȕȐȒȟȍȔȕȣȑ ǪȈȕ-ǹȣ — ȘȍȠȐȓ ǪȈȕ-
ǹȣ Ȑ ȘȐȕțȓșȧ ș ȋȖȘȧȟȍȑ ȥȕȍȘȋȐȍȑ ȗȘȐȊȐȊȈȚȤ ȕȖȊȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ ȕȈ ȗȖȟȊȍ ȘȖȌȕȖȑ
ǰ ȕȈ ȗȍȘȊȣȝ Ȏȍ ȗȖȘȈȝ ȕȖȊȖȑ ȌȍȧȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ȖȉȢȧȊȐȓȐșȤ ȊȘȈȋȐ ț ǪȈȕ-ǹȣ
©ǩȘȈȚșȚȊȖ ȗȖȚȘȍȉȐȚȍȓȧ ȉȍȌȕȧȒȈª ȘȈșȗȖȓȖȎȐȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȞȍȕȚȘȍ țȓȐȞȣ ǹȈȕ-Ȍȍ-
ȋȍ Ǩ ȕȈ țȋȓȈȝ ȒȈȒ ȝȐȡȕȐȒȐ ȖȉȐȘȈȓȐ ȕȈȘȖȌ ȌȊȈ ȒțȗȞȈ șȗȘȈȊȈ ȗȘȐȦȚȐȓȈșȤ
ȘțșșȒȈȧ ȓȈȊȟȖȕȒȈ ș ȒȈȉȈȒȖȔ ȉȣȊȠȍȋȖ ȉȍȓȖȋȖ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȈ ǵȈȔȈȒȖȕȖȊȈ Ȉ ȕȈ ȓȍȊȖȔ
ȚȖȘȋȖȊȈȓ ȎȐȘȕȣȑ ȒȐȚȈȍȞ-ȒțȗȍȞ dzȦ-ȝȈȕ-ȉȐȕ
ǪȘȈȎȌȖȊȈȓȐ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȗȘȈȊȣȑ ș ȓȍȊȣȔ țȋȓȖȔ ȘțșșȒȐȑ ș ȒȐȚȈȑȞȍȔ ȕȖ ȊȖȚ ș
ȗȖȧȊȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȗȍȘȊȖȋȖ ȜțȌȏȧȌȧȕșȒȖȋȖ ȕȈȘȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȖȗȍȘȈȚȐȊȈ — ȊȖȌȖȑ ȕȍ ȘȈȏ-
ȓȐȚȤ ǵȈȔȈȒȖȕȖȊȈ ȌȈ dzȦ-ȝȈȕ-ȉȐȕȈ ǿȈȡȍ ȖȕȐ ȏȈȝȈȎȐȊȈȓȐ ȊȍȟȍȘȈȔȐ ȌȘțȋ Ȓ ȌȘțȋț
ȊȣȒțȘȐȚȤ ȚȘțȉȒț ȖȗȐȧ ȐȓȐ ȊȣȗȐȚȤ ȋȖȘȧȟȍȑ ȋȈȖȓȧȕȖȊȖȑ ȊȖȌȒȐ ǷȘȖȝȖȌȧ ©DzȘȈș-
ȕțȦ ȓȈȊȒțª ȖȗȤȧȕȍȕȕȣȍ ȌȘțȏȤȧ ȒȖȘȟȐȓȐ ȕȍȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȣȍ ȋȘȐȔȈșȣ Ȑ ȌȍȔȖȕșȚȘȈ-
ȚȐȊȕȖ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓȐ ȊȊȍȘȝ șȎȈȚȣȍ ȒțȓȈȒȐ ș ȊȣȚȧȕțȚȣȔȐ ȔȐȏȐȕȞȈȔȐ Ȋ ȏȕȈȒ ȗȘȍ-
ȏȘȍȕȤȧ Ȓ ǪȈȕ-ǹȣ
Ǩ ǪȈȕ-ǹȣ ȝȖȚȤ ȉȣ ȟȚȖ dzȖȔȧȚșȧ ȗȖȓȒȐ ȒȖȖȗȍȘȈȚȐȊȈ ȖȚ ȚȖȊȈȘȖȊ Ȑ Ȋșȧ ȉȍȌ-
ȕȖȚȈ — Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȏȌȍșȤ Ȑ ȌȍȠȍȊȓȍ Ȑ ȉȍȏ ȖȉȔȈȕȈ Ȑ șȊȖȧ ȓȈȊȒȈ Ȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȏȈ ȗȘȐ-
ȓȈȊȒȖȔ ȓȈșȒȖȊȣȑ Ȑ ȖȉȡȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ
— ǵțȎȍȕ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȧȡȐȑ — ȠȍȗȟȍȚ ȕȈȌ ȎȐȘȕȣȔ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȐȔ ȖȚ ȗȖȚȈ
ȓȐȞȖȔ dzȦ-ȝȈȕ-ȉȐȕȈ ȉȍȓȣȑ ȖȜȐȞȍȘ ȔȍȎȌț ȏȈȚȧȎȒȈȔȐ ȖȗȐțȔȈ
Ǫ ȚȈȧȕ-ȋȊȈȕȍ — ȒțȘȐȓȤȕȍ ȖȗȐțȔȈ ȓȦȌȐ țȚȖȗȈȦȚ Ȋ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȝ ȊȖȓȕȈȝ ȚȍȔȕȖȋȖ
ȌȣȔȈ ǴȕȖȋȖ ȒțȘȐȓȤȡȐȒȖȊ Ȋ șȐȕȐȝ ȕȈȘȧȌȈȝ ȓȍȎȈȚ ȕȈ ȎȍȓȚȣȝ ȞȐȕȖȊȒȈȝ ȕȖ
ȊșȧȒ ȏȈȕȧȚ șȊȖȍȑ ȗȓȖȠȒȖȑ-ȓȈȔȗȖȟȒȖȑ ȐȋȓȈȔȐ ȌȈ ȚȘțȉȒȖȑ ȊșȧȒ ȊȖȏȐȚșȧ ȕȈȌ
ȖȋȕȍȔ ȗȖȌȎȈȘȐȊȈȧ ȓȐȗȒȐȍ ȒȖȘȐȟȕȍȊȣȍ ȚȧȕțȟȒȐ ȖȗȐțȔȈ
ǵȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ șȓțȠȈȍȚ ȗȘȐȌțȠȍȕȕȣȑ ȠȍȗȖȚ ȌȊțȝ ȏȈȊșȍȋȌȈȚȈȍȊ ȒțȘȐȓȤȕȐ — Șțș-
șȒȖȋȖ ©ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈª ș ȒȐȚȈȑȞȍȔ-ȒțȗȞȖȔ
— ǷȖȌȝȖȌȧȡȐȑ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ Ȑ Ȕȣ șȎȐȊȍȔ șȖ șȊȍȚț ȥȚȖȋȖ ȖȌȕȖȋȓȈȏȖȋȖ ȉȖȓȤ-
ȠȍȊȐȒȈ ǰȕȈȟȍ Ȗȕ Ȋ ȒȖȕȍȞ ȖȚȖȉȤȍȚ ȗȖȒțȗȈȚȍȓȧ ț ȕȈș Ǻȣ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȑ dzȦ-ȝȈȕ-
ȉȐȕ ȕȈȠȍȗȚȣȊȈȚȤ șȊȖȐȔ ȗȖȒțȗȈȚȍȓȧȔ ȟȚȖ ǪȈȕ-ǹȣ ȌȘțȎȐȚ șȖ ȏȓȣȔȐ ȌțȝȈȔȐ

183
ȊȍȘȍȊȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȊȖȓȖȒȓȐ Ȋ ȗȖȓȐȞȍȑșȒȐȍ țȟȈșȚȒȐ
ǺȖȟȕȖ ȕȈȗȈȌȈȧ ȕȈ ȊȖȖȘțȎȍȕȕȣȑ ȠȚȈȉ ȖȚȘȧȌȣ șȖȓȌȈȚ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȘȖ-
ȕȍșȓȐșȤ Ȑȏ ȗȘȐșȚȈȕȐ Ȋ ǵȖȊȣȑ ȋȖȘȖȌ ȖȒȘțȎȐȓȐ țȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ DzȐȚȈȑșȒȖȑ ȊȖșȚȖȟ-
ȕȖȑ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȖȑ ȌȖȘȖȋȐ Ȑ Ȋ ȟȈș-ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȐ ǹǹǹǸ ȉȣȓȐ ȈȘȍșȚȖȊȈȕȣ —
ȒȚȖ ț șȍȉȧ Ȋ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚȍ ȒȚȖ ȕȈ țȓȐȞȍ ȒȚȖ ȌȖȔȈ
DzȐȚȈȑșȒȐȍ ȉȈȕȌȐȚȣ ȏȈȝȊȈȚȐȓȐ Ȋ șȊȖȐ ȘțȒȐ ǹȖȊȍȚșȒȖ-ȒȐȚȈȑșȒțȦ ȎȍȓȍȏȕțȦ
ȌȖȘȖȋț ȋȘȖȔȐȓȐ ȗȘȖȜșȖȦȏȣ șȖȊȍȚșȒȐȍ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȈȞȐȐ ȒȖȖȗȍȘȈȚȐȊȣ
ǴȖȓȊȈ ȔȐȋȖȔ ȖȉȓȍȚȍȓȈ ȔȕȖȋȖȚȣșȧȟȕȣȑ ȋȖȘȖȌ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȒȈȚȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȑ
ǼțȌȏȧȌȧȕ
ǵȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ǵȈȔȈȒȖȕȖȊ ȕȍ ȏȈȝȈȎȐȊȈȓ Ȋ ©DzȘȈșȕțȦ ȓȈȊȒțª Ȓ ǪȈȕ-ǹȣ ǵȖ
Ȋ ȥȚȖȚ ȊȍȟȍȘ Ȗȕ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ ȧȊȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȋȖșȚȐ Ȓ șȊȖȍȔț ȊȘȈȋț
ǩȍȓȣȑ ȖȜȐȞȍȘ ȉȣȓ ȕȈȊȍșȍȓȍ ǵȈ ȍȋȖ ȗȓȍȟȈȝ ȉȓȐșȚȈȓȐ ȏȖȓȖȚȣȍ ȗȖȋȖȕȣ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȍ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȕȈȌȍȊȈȓ ȌȖ ȥȚȖȋȖ Ȍȕȧ ȉȖȋ ȊȍșȚȤ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȓȍȚ ǵȈ ȋȘțȌȐ ȉȖȓȚȈȓșȧ ȋȍȖȘ-
ȋȐȍȊșȒȐȑ ȒȘȍșȚ ȗȖȟȍȘȕȍȊȠȐȑ Ȑ ȗȖȏȍȓȍȕȍȊȠȐȑ ȖȚ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ
— ǪȖȚ-Țȍ ǪȈȕ-ǹȣ Ȑ ȕȖȊȖșȚȐ ǯȌȖȘȖȊȖ ȘȈșȗȘȈȊȐȓȐșȤ ș ȉȖȓȤȠȍȊȐȒȈȔȐ ǴȖ-
ȓȖȌȞȣ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȣ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȖȉȘȈȏțȔȐȓȐșȤ — Ȑ ǵȈȔȈȒȖȕȖȊ șȚțȒȕțȓ ȠȐȘȖȒȖȑ ȓȈ-
ȌȖȕȤȦ ȗȖ ȗȘȐȓȈȊȒț
— ǴȖȧ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȐȌȏȣȕȈȑ — ȖȚȊȍȟȈȍȚ ȉȍȏȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȖ ǪȈȕ-ǹȣ ȗȣȚȓȐȊȖ Ȋȋȓȧ-
ȌȣȊȈȧșȤ ȖȌȕȐȔ ȋȓȈȏȖȔ Ȋ ȘȈșȒȘȈșȕȍȊȠȍȍșȧ șȈȔȖȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȘțșșȒȖȋȖ
— ǴȖȓȖȌȞȣ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȣ ǷȘȈȊȐȓȤȕȖ ǰ ȒȖȖȗȍȘȈȚȐȊ ȐȝȕȐȑ ȗȘȐȝȓȖȗȕțȓȐ ȋȖȊȖ-
ȘȧȚ Ȋ ǽȈȘȉȐȕȍ ǷȘȈȊȐȓȤȕȖ — ȕȈȘȖȌ ȕȍȌȖȊȖȓȍȕ
ǪȈȕ-ǹȣ ȔȖȓȟȈȓ
— ǹȓțȠȈȑ ǪȈȕ-ǹȣ ȕȍ ȘȈȏȔȍȕȧȍȠȤ ȓȐ Țȣ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȓșȖȚȕȦ Ȑȍȕ"
— DzȈȕȍȠȣȕȖ ȔȖȎȣȕȈ ȔȍȕȧȑȓȈ
ǵȈȔȈȒȖȕȖȊ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓ ȉțȔȈȎȒț ǪȈȕ-ǹȣ țȌȈȓȐȓșȧ ȏȈ ȏȈȕȈȊȍșȒț
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȔȖȔȍȕȚȈ Ȑ ȎȌȈȓ ȖȜȐȞȍȘ Ƕȕ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȏȈȗțșȚȐȓ ȘțȒț Ȋ ȒȈȘȔȈȕ
ȉȘȦȒ Ȑ ȊȣȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȖȚȚțȌȈ ȋȖȘșȚȤ ȉȍȓȖȋȖ ȗȖȘȖȠȒȈ ǺȖȟȕȖ șȍȧ ǵȈȔȈȒȖȕȖȊ ȝȓȈȌ-
ȕȖȒȘȖȊȕȖ Ȑ ȘȈȊȕȖȔȍȘȕȖ ȘȈșșȣȗȈȓ ȉȍȓȣȑ ȗȖȘȖȠȖȒ ȗȖȊȍȘȝ ȘȐșȈ șȚȖȧȊȠȍȋȖ ȚțȚ
Ȏȍ Ȋ ȌȎțȚȖȊȖȔ ȔȍȠȒȍ
— ǽȖȘȖȠȐȑ ț Țȍȉȧ ȘȐș — ȗȘȖȔȖȓȊȐȓ ǵȈȔȈȒȖȕȖȊ ȕȈȊșȚȘȍȟț ȊȣȝȖȌȧȡȍȔț
ǪȈȕ-ǹȣ ȕȈȉȘȈȊ ȋȖȘșȚȤ ȘȐșȈ Ȑ ȗȘȖșȍȐȊȈȧ ȍȋȖ ȔȍȎȌț ȗȈȓȤȞȈȔȐ
— ǺȈȒȈ șȍȉȍ
Ǫ ȗȖȓȌȍȕȤ șȓȍȌțȦȡȍȋȖ Ȍȕȧ ȕȈ țȓȐȞȍ ǹȈȕ-Ȍȍ-ȋȍ ȚȊȖȘȐȓȖșȤ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȖȍ
ǵȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ ȎȐȚȍȓȍȑ ȕȈ ȕȖșȐȓȒȈȝ șȕȍșȓȐ Ȋ ȉȖȓȤȕȐȟȕȣȍ ȉȈȘȈȒȐ ǯȈ ȕȖșȐȓ-
ȒȈȔȐ ȚȖȓȗȐȓȐșȤ ȘȖȌșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȐ ȉȖȓȤȕȣȝ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚȕȣȍ
— ǿȚȖ Ȗȕ ȍȓ" — ȏȈȌȈȊȈȓȐ Ȑȏ ȚȖȓȗȣ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑ ȚȖȚ Ȏȍ ȊȖȗȘȖș
— ǵȐȟȍȋȖ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȘȐșȈ Ȑȏ ©DzȘȈșȕȖȑ ȓȈȊȒȐª ȒȖȘȧȊȖȋȖ ǪȈȕ-ǹȣ
ǻ ȚȖȓșȚȖȋȖ dzȦ-ȝȈ-ȉȐȕȈ ȕȈ ȒȖȕȞȍ țȓȐȞȣ șȖȉȘȈȓȈșȤ ȚȖȓȗȈ ǬȘțȋȈȧ ȚȖȓȗȈ Țȍș-
ȕȐȓȈșȤ Ȓ ȓȈȊȒȍ ȘțșșȒȖȋȖ ǵȈȔȈȒȖȕȖȊȈ
DzțȗȞȣ ȌȍȓȈȓȐ șȊȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ ǰ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȗȖ țșȓȖȊȓȍȕȕȖȔț ȏȕȈȒț ș ȖȉȖȐȝ țȋȓȖȊ țȓȐ-
Ȟȣ ȉȘȖșȐȓȐșȤ Ȓ ©ǩȘȈȚșȚȊț ȗȖȚȘȍȉȐȚȍȓȧ ȉȍȌȕȧȒȈª
DzȘȐȒȐ țȋȘȖȏȣ ȘțȋȈȕȤ

DzȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȘțșșȒȐȑ ȖȉȖȘȊȈȕȍȞ

— ǹȔȍȘȚȤ ȖȚȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȦ ȕȈȘȖȌȈ
— ǭȋȖ ȘȐș ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȍȕ ȏȓȣȔȐ ȌțȝȈȔȐ
ǺȖȓȗȈ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȓȈșȤ Ȓ ȖȗțșȚȍȊȠȍȑ ©DzȘȈșȕȖȑ ȓȈȊȒȍª ǹȘȍȌȐ ȎȍȓȚȣȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ
ȔȈȧȟȐȓȈ ȜȐȋțȘȈ ȘțșșȒȖȋȖ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ Ȋ ȏȖȓȖȚȣȝ ȗȖȋȖȕȈȝ Ǩ ȘȧȌȖȔ ș ȕȐȔ ȒȈȒȖȑ-
ȚȖ ȘțșșȒȐȑ ȖȉȖȘȊȈȕȍȞ-ȉȍȎȍȕȍȞ ș ȒȘȐȊȖȑ ȒȈȏȈȞȒȖȑ ȠȈȠȒȖȑ Ȋ ȘțȒȍ
ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȍȑ ȔȣșȓȤȦ ǪȈȕ-ǹȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȊȟȍȘȈȠȕȐȍ șȓȖȊȈ ȏȓȖȊȍȡȍȋȖ ȋȖșȚȧ
— ǽȖȘȖȠȐȑ ț Țȍȉȧ ȘȐș
ǪȈȒ-ǹȣ ȖȚȟȍȚȓȐȊȖ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓ ȒȈȒ ȘțșșȒȐȑ ©ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕª ȕȈȉȘȈȊ ȋȖȘșȚȤ ȘȐșȈ ȗȘȖ-
șȍȐȊȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȔȍȎȌț ȗȈȓȤȞȈȔȐ ǷȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȕȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖȚ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȉȓȍșȕțȓȈ ȒȘȐ-
ȊȈȧ ȒȈȏȈȞȒȈȧ șȈȉȓȧ Ȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ǪȈȕ-ǹȣ șȖȏȌȈȚȍȓȧ ȗȍȘȊȖȋȖ ǼțȌȏȧȌȧȕșȒȖȋȖ ȒȖȖ-
ȗȍȘȈȚȐȊȈ ȓȍȋȓȈ ȕȈ ȖȒȘȖȊȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȘȐȓȈȊȖȒ Ȉ ȚȍȓȖ ȕȍȓȖȊȒȖ Ȑ ȕȍșȓȣȠȕȖ țȗȈ-
ȓȖ ȕȈ ȔȍȠȖȒ ș ȘȐșȖȔ

DzȋǾȋ — ǰǼDzȍǻǮȍ ǿǰǮDzȊǯǮ

ǴȖȝȕȈȚȣȍ ȊȏȢȍȘȖȠȍȕȕȣȍ ȊȍȚȘȈȔȐ-ȚȈȑȜțȕȈȔȐ
ȍȓȐ ȗȐȝȚȣ Ȑ ȒȍȌȘȣ, ȚȖȟȕȖ ȓȈȗȈȔȐ țȗȍȘȓȐșȤ ȌȘțȋ
Ȋ ȌȘțȋȈ ȖȉȕȧȓȐșȤ ȗȍȘȍȗțȚȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȚȍșȕȖȚȍ ȐȋȓȐș-
ȚȣȔȐ ȒȖȓȍȕȟȈȚȣȔȐ ȊȍȚȊȧȔȐ
DzȘȖȕȣ ȔȖȋțȟȐȝ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȍȊ — șȗȓȖȠȕȣȍ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȍ
ȒȘȖȊȓȐ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ șȗȓȖȟȍȕȕȣȍ ȐȋȓȈȔȐ ǰ ȓțȟț șȖȓȕ-
ȞȈ ȕȍ ȗȘȖșȊȍȘȓȐȚȤ ȥȚȐ ȔȖȋțȟȐȍ ȏȈȘȖșȓȐ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȘȈȏ-
ȉȘȣȏȋȈȚȤșȧ ȏȖȓȖȚȣȔȐ ȏȈȑȟȐȒȈȔȐ șȘȍȌȐ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȝ
Țȍȕȍȑ ȕȈ ȔȧșȐșȚȣȍ ȊȓȈȎȕȣȍ ȚȘȈȊȣ ȕȈ ȗȘȐȟțȌȓȐ-
Ȋȣȝ ȒȖȊȘȈȝ ȒȘțȎȍȊȕȣȝ ȗȈȗȖȘȖȚȕȐȒȖȊ ȕȈ ȖȘȈȕȎȍ-
Ȋȣȍ șȈȘȈȕȟȐ Ȑ ȉȓȍȌȕȣȍ ȓȈȕȌȣȠȐ
ǯȔȍȐ ȗȖȓȏțȟȐȝ ȓȐȈȕ ȋȐȉȒȐȍ ȓȖȏȣ ȌȐȒȖȋȖ ȊȐȕȖ-
ȋȘȈȌȈ ȖȊȐȊȈȦȚ șȍȊȍȘȕțȦ șȖșȕț ș ȚȘȖȗȐȟȍșȒȐȔ ȗȘȖȉ-
ȒȖȊȣȔ ȌȍȘȍȊȖȔ
ǺȈȑȋȈ ȗȖȌșȚțȗȐȓȈ Ȓ șȈȔȣȔ ȚȈȓȤȕȐȒȖȊȣȔ ȉȍȘȍ-
ȋȈȔ ȗțȚȈȕȖȑ ȉȍșȚȖȓȒȖȊȖȑ ȘȍȒȐ DzȐȚȈȑȞȣ-ȖȝȖȚȕȐȒȐ
Ȑ ȐșȒȈȚȍȓȐ ȞȍȓȍȉȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȘȕȧ ȎȍȕȤ-Ƞȍȕȧ ȐȏȌȈȊȕȈ
ȊȍȓȐȟȈȦȚ ȥȚȖȚ ȐȏȊȐȓȐșȚȣȑ ȗȘȐȚȖȒ ǨȔțȘȈ ©ǩȍȠȍ-
ȕȖȑ ǯȔȍȍȑª ǸȍȒȈ — ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȈȧ ȌȖȘȖȋȈ Ȋ ȕȍȗȘȖ-
ȝȖȌȐȔȖȔ ȚȍȔȕȖ-ȏȍȓȍȕȖȔ ȞȈȘșȚȊȍ țȘȍȔȣ1.
DzȖȑ-ȋȌȍ, șȊȈȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȉțȘȍȑ ȝȊȖȑȕȣȍ ȊȍȓȐȒȈȕȣ
ȕȣȘȕțȓȐ ȒȘȖȕȈȔȐ Ȋ șȈȔțȦ ȗȈșȚȤ ȘȍȒȐ Ȑ Ȑȝ ȔȖȝȕȈ-
Țȣȍ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȍ ȓȈȗȣ ȝȓȖȗȈȦȚ Ȑ ȝȓȦȗȈȦȚ ȗȖ șȍȘȍȉ-
ȘȧȕȖȑ ȋȓȈȌȐ Ǿȍȓȣȍ ȗȓȖȚȣ ȘȈȏȉțȝȠȐȝ ȒȍȌȘȖȊȣȝ
ȠȐȠȍȒ ȗȘȐȉȐȚȣ Ȑ șȖȉȘȈȕȣ ȊȖȓȕȖȑ Ȓ ȉȍȘȍȋȈȔ
ǺȈȑȋȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȊșȚȘȍȗȍȕțȓȈșȤ ș ȔȖȘȧ ȝȓȣȕț-
ȓȐ ȗȍȘȊȣȍ șȚȈȑȒȐ ©ȔȈȚȍȘȐ ȒȘȈȧª — ȎȐȘȕȖȑ ȒȍȚȣ
ǷȖ ȘȍȒȍ ȉȣșȚȘȖ șȒȖȓȤȏȐȚ ȦȘȒȐȑ ȓȍȋȒȐȑ ȌȖȓȉ-
1 ɍɪɟɦɚ — ɬɭɡɟɦɧɨɟ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɥɟɫɧɨɣ ɱɚɳɢ

189
ȓȍȕȣȑ ȟȍȓȕȖȒ — țȓȍȔȈȋȌȈ ǻȓȍȔȈȋȌț ȕȈ Ȍȕȧȝ ȒțȗȐȓ ȋȖȓȤȌ ǨȔȉȈ ț ȖȘȖȟȍȕȈ1-
ȘȣȉȖȓȖȊȈ ȏȈ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȖȉȖȓȐȕȣȝ ȠȒțȘȖȒ ȉȈȕȒț șȗȐȘȚȈ Ȑ ȗȓȐȚȒț ȒȐȘȗȐȟ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȟȈȧ
ǵȈ Ȍȕȍ țȓȍȔȈȋȌȣ — ȉȖȋȈȚșȚȊȖ ǨȔȉȣ ȔȍȝȈ ȘȍȌȒȖșȚȕȣȍ ȊȍȡȐ Ȋ ȔȍȠȒȈȝ Ȑȏ
ȖȓȍȕȤȍȑ ȒȖȎȐ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȐȍ ȉȍȏȌȍȓțȠȒȐ șȗȐȘȚ ȌȊȈ ȟțȋțȕȕȣȝ ȒȖȚȓȈ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȑ
ȠȍȓȒ — ©ȟȍȟțȚȟȈª Ȑ ȕȍȊȐȌȈȕȕȣȍ ț ȚțȏȍȔȞȍȊ ȌȊȍ ȒȖșȚȧȕȣȍ ȡȍȚȖȟȒȐ Ȑ ȗȘȖ-
ȌȖȓȋȖȊȈȚȣȍ ȎȍșȚȧȕȣȍ ȚȦȉȐȒȐ ș ȉȍȓȖȑ ȈȘȖȔȈȚȕȖȑ ȔȈșșȖȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȐȏȊȐȊȈȧșȤ
ȎȐȘȕȣȔ ȟȍȘȊȍȔ ȊȣȗȖȓȏȈȍȚ Ȋ țȏȒțȦ ȡȍȓȤ ȍșȓȐ ȕȈȌȈȊȐȚȤ ȓȍȋȖȕȤȒȖ ȚȦȉȐȒ ȅȚȖ
— ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȔȖȋțȟȐȑ ©ǽȓȖȘȖȌȖȕȚª ȖȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȌȈȎȍ ț șȚȈȘȐȒȖȊ ȔȖȋțȚ
ȊȣȘȈșȚȐ ȕȖȊȣȍ ȏțȉȣ — ȚȈȒ ȌțȔȈȍȚ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȣȑ ǨȔȉȈ ȚȈȒ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȍȔț ȒȖȘȍȍȞ
ȗȘȖȌȈȊȠȐȑ ȏȈ ȉȍȓȐȟȤȐ ȠȒțȘȒȐ ȌȊȈ ȚȦȉȐȒȈ ȏțȉȕȖȑ ȗȈșȚȣ
ǺȈȔ ©ȋȌȍ ȗȚȐȞȣ ȕȍ ȗȖȦȚ ȋȌȍ ȞȊȍȚȣ ȉȍȏ ȏȈȗȈȝȈ Ȉ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȉȍȏ șȍȘȌȞȈª —
ȚȈȔ Ȋ ȚȈȍȎȕȖȑ ȋȓțȉȐȕȍ — ȔȍȟȚȈ ǨȔȉȣ ȘȈșȒȖșȈȧ șȒțȓȈșȚȈȧ șȐȕȍȊȖȓȖșȈȧ ȋȐȓȤ-
ȌȧȟȒȈ — ǬȎȧȉȎȧ-ǯȔȍȧ2.
ǸȈȌȐ ȕȍȍ ǨȔȉȈ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȓȍȚ ȗȓțȚȈȓ ȗȖ ǨȔțȘț ǹȈȝȈȓȐȕț Ȑ DzȈȔȟȈȚȒȍ ǸȈȌȐ
ǬȎȧȉȎȐ ȉȍȌȕȧȒ ǨȔȉȈ ȘȈșșȚȈȊȓȧȓ Ȋ șȕȍȎȕȣȝ ȓȍșȈȝ șȖȉȖȓȐȕȣȍ ȓȖȊțȠȒȐ ȌȖ-
ȉȣȊȈȓ ȘȍȌȒȖșȚȕȖȋȖ ȋȖȓțȉȖȋȖ ȗȍșȞȈ ȉȐȓ ȕȈ ȓȤȌȐȕȈȝ ȕȍȗȖȊȖȘȖȚȓȐȊȣȝ țșȈșȚȣȝ
©ȔȖȘșȒȐȝ ȓȖȠȈȌȍȑ» — ȔȖȘȎȍȑ ȗȘȖȔȣȠȓȧȓ ȟȍȘȕȣȝ ȉȍȓȖȒ Ȑ ȓȐșț-ȖȋȕȍȊȒț
ȓȖȊȐȓ ȋȖȘȉțȠț ȒȐȎțȟȈ ȒȍȚț Ȑ ȖȋȘȖȔȕțȦ ȓȖșȖșȍȊțȦ Șȣȉț — ȟȈȊȣȟȈ.
ǺȣșȧȟȐ Ȑ ȚȣșȧȟȐ ȒȐȓȖȔȍȚȘȖȊ — Ȋ ȓȖȌȒȈȝ ȕȈ șȖȉȈȒȈȝ ȕȈ Ȗȓȍȕȧȝ ȗȖ ȔȠȐ-
șȚȣȔ ȚțȕȌȘȈȔ Ȑ șȕȍȎȕȣȔ ȝȖȓȔȈȔ ȐȏȉȖȘȖȏȌȐȓ ȕȍțȚȖȔȐȔȣȑ ȖȝȖȚȕȐȒ-ȘȣȉȖȓȖȊ
ǨȔȉȈ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȌȖȉȣȚȤ șȟȈșȚȤȍ șȊȖȍ — șȖȉȘȈȚȤ ȚȖȘȐ3 Ȍȓȧ ȎȈȌȕȖȋȖ ȖȚȞȈ ǬȎȧȉȎȐ
ǷȓȣȊȍȚ ǨȔȉȈ Ȋ ȉȣșȚȘȖȑ țȓȍȔȈȋȌȍ șȔȖȚȘȐȚ ȕȈ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȑ ȗȐȘ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȣ Ȉ
ȔȣșȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȒȘȈșȈȊȐȞȣ ȕȍȊȍșȚȣ
— ǹȒȖȘȖ ȌȖȉțȌț Ȏȍȕț
ǺȈȑȋȈ ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȓȈ ȖȎȐȓȈ ǭȍ ȖȉȐȚȈȚȍȓȐ ȗȖȚȧȕțȓȐșȤ Ȑȏ ȚȍȔȕȣȝ ȕȖȘ ȋȖȘȕȣȝ
ȋȕȍȏȌ Ȓ ȘȍȟȕȣȔ ȉȍȘȍȋȈȔ
DzȖȑ-ȋȌȍ ǨȔȉȈ ȐȏȘȍȌȒȈ ȊȐȌȍȓ ș ȓȖȌȒȐ ȋȘțȗȗȒȐ ȋȐȓȧȒȖȊ-ȒȍȚȖȓȖȊȖȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ
ȘȈșșȚȈȊȓȧȓȐ Șȣȉȕȣȍ șȍȚȧȕȣȍ ȓȖȊțȠȒȐ ș ȖȌȕȖȠȍșȚȕȣȔȐ ȒțȓȧȔȐ ȊȖȏȓȍ ©ȋȓȈȋȖ-
ȓȧª4 — ȘȣȉȖȓȖȊȕȖȋȖ ȏȈȍȏȌȒȈ
ǷȖ șȖșȍȌșȚȊț — Ȋ șȖȚȕȦ ȠȈȋȖȊ ȊȣȠȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ — ȔȐȘȕȖ ȘȣȉȈȟȐȓ ȔȍȌȊȍȌȤ
ǻ ȕȍȋȖ șȊȖȐ ȖȝȖȚȕȐȟȤȐ ȏȈȔȈȠȒȐ. Ƕȕ ȊȣȝȊȈȚȣȊȈȍȚ ȓȈȗȖȑ Ȑȏ ȊȖȌȣ ȉȓȐȏȒȖ ȗȖȌȖ-
ȠȍȌȠțȦ ȒȍȚț Ȑ ȊȣȉȘȈșȣȊȈȍȚ ȍȍ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋ ǰ ȚțȚ Ȏȍ ȖȚȋȘȣȏȈȍȚ Ȑ șȢȍȌȈȍȚ ȋȖȓȖ-
Ȋț Ȉ ȚțȠȒȐ ȖȉȍȏȋȓȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȝ Șȣȉ șȚȈșȒȐȊȈȍȚ Ȋ Ȓțȟț Ȑ ȏȈȉȘȈșȣȊȈȍȚ Ȑȝ ȝȊȖȘȖș-
1 Ɉɪɨɱɟɧɵ ɬɭɧɝɭɫɫɤɨɟ ɩɥɟɦɹ ɨɛɢɬɚɸɳɟɟ ɧɚ ɋɨɜɟɬ Ⱦɚɥɶɧɟɦ ȼɨɫɬɨɤɟ
2 ɉɪɢɜɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɜ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɟ ɢɦɟɧɚ ɜɫɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɝɨɥɶɞɫɤɢɟ — ɪɹɞɨɦ ɫ ɝɨɥɶɞɫɤɢɦ
ɢɦɟɧɟɦ ɚɜɬɨɪ ɫɬɚɜɢɬ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞ ɢɦɟɧɢ ɧɚ ɪɭɫɫɤɢɣ ɹɡɵɤ
3 Ɍɨɪɢ — ɤɚɥɵɦ ɜɵɤɭɩ ɡɚ ɧɟɜɟɫɬɭ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɭ ɝɨɥɶɞɨɜ ɩɪɨɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɠɟɧɵ ɡɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟ-
ɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɫɭɦɦɭ, ɢɥɢ ɡɚ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɜɟɳɢ
4 Ƚɥɚɝɨɥɶ — ɡɚɥɨɦɚɧɧɚɹ ɭɝɥɨɦ ɩɨ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɸ ɪɟɤɢ — ɞɟɪɟɜɹɧɧɚɹ ɢɡɝɨɪɨɞɶ — ɬɚɤɨɜ ɫɩɨ-
ɫɨɛ ɬɭɡɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɥɨɜɚ ɤɟɬɵ

190
ȚȖȔ ȊȈȓȍȎȕȐȒȈ Ȑ ȗȍșȒȖȔ. ǺȈȒ ȌȍȓȖȊȐȚȣȑ ȝȖȏȧȐȕ ȚȈȑȋȐ ȏȈȋȖȚȖȊȓȧȍȚ ȏȈȗȈșȣ
șȊȖȐ ȗȘȖ ȟȍȘȕȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ
ǷȖ ȉȍȘȍȋȈȔ ȗȖȌȒȈȘȈțȓȐȊȈȓȐ ȝȖȌȖȊțȦ ȒȍȚț ȝȖȘȤȒȐ ȓȐșȐȞȣ ȘȖșȖȔȈȝȐ.
ǹȊȍȘȝț șȚȘȍȔȋȓȈȊ — ȒȈȔȕȍȔ șȒȈȚȣȊȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȊȖȌȧȕțȦ ȊȏȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȕȕțȦ ȗȖȊȍȘȝ-
ȕȖșȚȤ ȔȍȚȒȐȍ ȖȘȓȣ ȉȖȓȤȠțȡȐȍ ȒȘȐȒȓȐȊȣȍ ȗȘȖȎȖȘȓȐȊȣȍ ȟȈȑȒȐ
Ǩ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȔ ȗȘȐȉȘȍȎȕȖȔ șȒȈȓȐșȚȖȔ țșȚțȗȍ ǨȔȉȈ ȊȌȘțȋ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ șȊȖȍȋȖ șȚȘȈȠ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȚȍȏȒț— șȊȧȡȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȚȐȋȘȈ1
ǴȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȋȖȓȤȌ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȏȈȔȖȚȈȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȖȚȊȍȠȐȊȈȧ ȗȖȒȓȖȕȣ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ©ȕȈ-
ȟȈȓȤȕȐȒȈª ȚȈȑȋȐ ǫțȉȣ ȏȈȌȍȘȋȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȉȍșșȔȣșȓȍȕȕȖȔ ȕȈȉȖȘȍ șȓȖȊ ȏȈȒȓȐȕȈ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȔȖȓȐȚȊȣ
ǺȈȑȋȈ ȊȣȠȓȈ ȕȈ ȌȖȉȣȟȓȐȊțȦ ȖȝȖȚț
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1 Ɍɢɝɪ ɩɨ-ɬɭɡɟɦɧɨɦɭ ©Ⱥɦɛɚª

191
ǹȚȖȑȉȐȡȍ ©ȓȐșȤȧ ȗȘȖȘȍȝȈª ȘȈșȗȖȓȖȎȐȓȖșȤ ȕȈ ȐȏȌȈȊȕȈ ȖȉȓȦȉȖȊȈȕȕȖȔ ȋȖ-
ȓȤȌȈȔȐ ȋȓțȝȖȔ ȎȐȊȖȗȐșȕȖȔ ȔȍșȚȍ ȊȖȏȓȍ șȈȔȖȑ ȘȍȒȐ
Ǫ ȋțȡȍ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȍȊ ȚȖ ȚțȚ ȚȖ ȚȈȔ ȊȣșȚțȗȈȓȐ ȒȖȊȘȐȋȐ ȝȈȔȖȘȈȕȖȊ1 ș ȏȈȗȓȈȚȈȕ-
ȕȣȔȐ ȞȊȍȚȕȖȑ ȌȘȍȊȍșȕȖȑ ȒȖȘȖȑ șȚȍȕȈȔȐ ǺțȚ Ȏȍ ȊȖȏȓȍ ȝȈȔȖȘȈȕȖȊ ȕȈȌ ȕȐȔȐ
ȊȖȏȊȣȠȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈ șȊȈȧȝ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȕȈ ȝȖȌțȓȧȝ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȍ ȗȖȒȈȚȣȍ ȈȔȉȈȘȣ
ǵȈȌ ȎȐȓȐȡȈȔȐ ȋȖȓȤȌȖȊ Ȋ ȗȣȠȕȣȝ ȊȍȚȊȧȝ ȗȍȘȍȗȘȣȋȐȊȈȓȐ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȓȍȚȈȓȐ,
ȉțȘțȕȌțȒȐ ȗȖ ȒȖȘȧȊȣȔ ȖȚȊȖȌȈȔ ȖȌȕȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȖ ȗȖșȚțȒȐȊȈȓȐ Ȑ ȘȈșȝȈȎȐȊȈȓȐ
ȊȊȍȘȝ-ȊȕȐȏ ȞȍȗȒȖȓȈȗȣȍ ȌȧȚȓȣ Ȋ ȗȍșȚȘȖȑ ȏȍȓȍȕȐ ȕȈȌ ȒȘȖȕȈȔȐ ȊȍȓȐȒȈȕȖȊ-Ȍȍ-
ȘȍȊȤȍȊ ȕȣȘȧȓȐ șȖȑȒȐ Ȋ șȈȔȖȑ ȋțȡȍ ȒțȊȣȘȒȈȓȐșȤ ȋȖȕȧȓȐșȤ ȌȘțȋ ȏȈ ȌȘțȎȒȖȑ
ȘȈȏȕȖȒȘȈșȖȟȕȣȍ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȍ ȗȚȐȞȣ
ǯȈȊȐȌȧ ȟțȎțȦ țȓȍȔȈȋȌț ș ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȔ șȖ ȊșȍȋȖ șȚȖȑȉȐȡȈ Ȓ ȉȍ-
Șȍȋț șȉȍȎȈȓȐșȤ șȖȉȈȒȐ Ȑ ȕȍțȋȖȔȖȕȕȣȔ ȓȈȍȔ Ȑ ȊȖȍȔ ȗȘȖȊȖȎȈȓȐ ǨȔȉȈ ǹȖȉȈȟȤȧ
ȞȍȗȤ ȘȈșȚȧȕțȓȈșȤ ȊȌȖȓȤ ȕȍȘȖȊȕȖȋȖ ȉȍȘȍȋȈ Ȑ ȗȘȖȌȊȐȋȈȓȈșȤ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș țȓȍ-
ȔȈȋȌȖȑ
ǴȕȖȋȖ Ȍȕȍȑ ȗȘȖȊȍȓ ȕȈ ȊȖȌȍ ȕȈ ȊȍșȓȈȝ ǨȔȉȈ ȓȈȌȖȕȐ ȘțȒ ȖȟȍȘșȚȊȍȓȐ ȔȖ-
ȏȖȓȧȔȐ Ǩ ȊȖȚ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȊȖȏȓȍ ȘȖȌȕȖȋȖ șȚȖȑȉȐȡȈ țșȚȈȓȤ șȊȈȓȐȓȈșȤ ș ȗȓȍȟ Ȑ Ȗȕ
ȊȍșȍȓȖ Ȑ ȉȖȑȒȖ ȊȘȍȏȈȓșȧ ȊȍșȓȖȔ Ȋ ȗȖȌȈȚȓȐȊțȦ ȊȖȓȕț — ǪȍȌȤ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȓȍȚ
ȒȘȧȌț ǨȔȉȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ ȕȍȗȖȒȖȑȕȣȝ șȕȈȝ ȊȐȌȈȓ ȥȚȐ ȘȖȌȕȣȍ ȒȖȊȘȐȋȐ ȝȈȔȖȘȈ-
ȕȖȊ ǰ ȓȈȑ șȖȉȈȒ — ȗȘȐȊȣȟȕȣȑ ș ȌȍȚșȚȊȈ șȓțȝț — ȘȈȌȖȊȈȓ ȉȖȌȘȐȓ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȋȖ
ȋȖȓȤȌȈ
ǵȈ șȈȔȖȔ ȒȘȈȦ șȚȖȑȉȐȡȈ ț ȒȘțȚȖȋȖ ȗȖȊȖȘȖȚȈ ȗțȚȈȕȖȑ ȘȍȒȐ ǨȔȉȈ ȗȖȊȍȘ-
ȕțȓ țȓȍȔȈȋȌț Ȑ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȓ ȗȘȧȔȖ Ȓ ȉȍȘȍȋț
ǯȈȚȘȍȊȖȎȐȓșȧ ǨȔȉȈ ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȋȖ ȉȍȘȍșȚȧȕȖȋȖ ȝȈȔȖȘȈȕȈ ȖȚȞȈ: —Ȗȉȣȟ-
ȕȖ șȚȖȧȡȍȋȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȕȈșȐȎȍȕȕȖȔ ȔȍșȚȍ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏ ȕȈ ȊȍȘȠȐȕȍ ȗȘȐȉȘȍȎȕȖȋȖ ȉțȋȖȘ-
ȒȈ ȖȉșȣȗȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȉȈȋțȓȤȕȐȒȖȔ — ȊȖȏȊȣȠȈȓȈșȤ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȈȧ ȉȖȓȤȠțȡȈȧ ȒȘțȋȓȈȧ
ȦȘȚȈ ǹȍȘțȦ ȦȘȚț ȖȒȈȑȔȓȧȓ ȗȖȗȍȘȍȟȕȣȑ ȒȘȈșȕȣȑ ȗȓȈȒȈȚ ȐșȗȍȡȘȍȕȕȣȑ ȉȍ-
ȓȣȔȐ ȉțȒȊȈȔȐ ȓȖȏțȕȋȈ
— ǵȍțȎȚȖ ȖȚȍȞ Ȑ ȔȈȚȤ ȗȍȘȍȒȖȟȍȊȈȓȐ ș ȥȚȖȋȖ ȕȈșȐȎȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȔȍșȚȈ" Ǩ ȔȖȎȍȚ
ȉȣȚȤ Ȑȝ ȕȍȚ țȎȍ Ȋ ȎȐȊȣȝ"
ǻȓȍȔȈȋȌȈ șȒȖȓȤȏȕțȓȈ Ȋ ȐȓȐșȚȣȑ ȗȍșȖȒ ȗȖȒȈȚȖȋȖ ȉȍȘȍȋȈ
ǨȔȉȈ ȊȚȈȡȐȓ țȓȍȔȈȋȌț ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋ Ȑ ȖȚȉȐȊȈȧșȤ ȊȍșȓȖȔ ȖȚ ȗȖȌȖșȗȍȊȠȐȝ șȖȉȈȒ
ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȏȈȠȈȋȈȓ Ȓ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȦȘȚȍ ȕȈ ȉțȋȘȍ
Ǫ ȗȘȖșȚȖȘȕȖȑ ȦȘȚȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓșȧ ȓȐȠȤ șȚȈȘȐȒ ǭȖȌȈ — ȀțȔȧȡȐȑ — ȉȣȊȠȐȑ
șȖșȍȌ șȍȔȤȐ ǨȔȉȈ ȗȖ șȚȖȑȉȐȡț ȀțȔȧȡȐȑ șȐȌȍȓ ȕȈ ȒȖȘȚȖȟȒȈȝ ȏȈ ȗȖȘȖȋȖȔ Ȋȕț-
ȚȘȐ ȦȘȚȣ Ȑ șȖșȈȓ ȚȖȕȒțȦ Ȋ ȌȊȈ ȓȖȒȚȧ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒțȦ ȔȍȚȈȓȓȐȟȍșȒțȦ ȚȘțȉȒț.
— ǩȈȟȒȈȜț2, — ȗȘȐȊȍȚșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ǨȔȉȈ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ
ǹȚȈȘȐȒ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȉ ȓȐȠȤ ȏȈȒȈȚȐȓ ȊȣȞȊȍȚȠȐȍ ȋȓȈȏȒȐ ȗȖȌ ȉȍ-
ȓȖȉȘȣșȣȑ ȓȖȉ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȘȈȏȋȓȧȌȍȚȤ ȊȖȠȍȌȠȍȋȖ
ǯȈȚȍȔ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ Ȑ ȒȘȖȗȖȚȓȐȊȖ ȊșȣȗȈȓ șȊȍȎțȦ ȡȍȗȖȚȒț ȏȍȓȍȕȖȑ ȚȈȉȈȟȕȖȑ
1 ɏɚɦɨɪɚɧ — ɥɟɬɧɟɟ ɝɨɥɶɞɫɤɨɟ ɠɢɥɢɳɟ
2 Ȼɚɱɤɚɮɭ — ɝɨɥɶɞɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɟ ɩɨ ɫɦɵɫɥɭ ɧɚɲɟɦɭ ©ɡɞɪɚɜɫɬ-
ɜɭɣɬɟª

192
ȗȣȓȐ Ȋ ȚȘțȉȒț ȘȈșȒțȘȐȓ ȍȍ Ȑ șȖȉȘȈȊ ȗțȟȒȐ ȔȍȓȤȟȈȑȠȐȝ ȔȖȘȡȐȕȖȒ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȗȘȐ-
ȡțȘȍȕȕȣȝ ȋȓȈȏ Ȑ ȗȖȊȍȘȝ ȕȖșȈ ȕȍȚȖȘȖȗȓȐȊȖ Ȑ ȉȍȏȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȖ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ
— ȅȥȥ Țȣ ȍșȚȤ ǨȔȉȈ — șȣȕ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȘȧȊȖȋȖ ǹȐȋȈȒȚȈ-ǶȊȖȌȈ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȒȖȑ-
ȕȖȑ Ȏȍȕȣ — ȠȍșȚȐȗȈȓȖȑ ǺȐȕȝȥ-ǬȈȊȧȡȍȑ-ǪȕȐȏ ǺȘȐ Ȋȍșȕȣ ȚȖȔț ȕȈȏȈȌ Țȣ ȗȖ-
ȒȐȕțȓ șȚȖȑȉȐȡȍ ©dzȐșȤȧ ȗȘȖȘȍȝȈª
ǹȚȈȘȐȒ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȉȍȏȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȖ ȕȍȚȖȘȖȗȓȐȊȖ Ȋ ȘȈșȚȧȎȒț ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ
ȖȉȖ ȊșȍȔ ȟȚȖ ȒȈșȈȓȖșȤ ǨȔȉȈ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȘȖȌȈ ǹȓțȠȈȧ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖȌț-
ȔȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ șȈȔ ș șȖȉȖȑ ȐșȗȣȚȣȊȈȧ șȊȖȦ șȚȈȘȟȍșȒțȦ ȗȈȔȧȚȤ
ǷȖȟȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ ȕȍ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȐȓȈ șȘȈȏț Ȏȍ ȗȍȘȍȉȐȚȤ ȀțȔȧȡȍȋȖ
— ©ǷȖȒȖȑȕȣȑ"ª ©ǷȖȒȖȑȕȈȧ"ª — ȥȚȐ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȍ șȓȖȊȈ ȖȚȕȖșȐȓȐșȤ Ȓ șȈȔȖȔț
ȌȖȘȖȋȖȔț ȘȖȌȕȖȔț Ȑ ȓȦȉȐȔȖȔț — Ȓ ȘȖȌȐȚȍȓȧȔ ǨȔȉȈ
— ǹȐȋȈȒȚȈ-ǶȊȖȌ țȠȍȓ Ȋ ȗȖȌȏȍȔȕȣȑ ȔȐȘ șȘȈȏț Ȏȍ ȗȖșȓȍ ȗȘȖȠȓȖȋȖȌȕȍȋȖ ȖȟȐ-
ȝȥ țȑȓȥȖȘȐ1... — ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ ǭȖȌȈ. — DzȘȍȗȒȐȑ ȉȣȓ șȚȈȘȐȒ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ Ȗȕ ȗȓȧșȈȓ
ȊȔȍșȚȍ șȖ ȊșȍȔȐ ȖȌȕȖȜȈȔȐȓȤȞȈȔȐ ȗȖȌ ȏȊțȒȐ ȉțȉȍȕ Ȑ ȧȔȝȈ2 Ǩ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȌȍȕȤ
ǺȐȕȝȥ-ǬȈȊȧȡȈȧ ǪȕȐȏ — ȎȍȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȓȍȏȓȈ ȗȖȌ ȖȌȍȧȓȖ Ȓ ȚȘțȗț Ȑ șȗȈȓȈ ș ȔȍȘȚȊȍ-
ȞȖȔ ȗȖ șȚȈȘȐȕȕȖȔț ȖȉȣȟȈȦ ȕȈȠȍȔț
ǭȖȌȈ ȊȣȉȐȓ Ȗ ȉȖȘȚ ȕȈȘ ȗȘȖȋȖȘȍȊȠțȦ ȗȣȓȤ Ȑȏ ȚȘțȉȒȐ Ȑ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ Ȋȧ-
ȓȖ Ȑ ȉȍȏȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȖ
— ǺȐȕȝȥ ȖȔȣȓȈ ȚȍȓȖ ǶȊȖȌȈ ȖȉȘȧȌȐȓȈ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ©șȖȗȒȈ ȒȈȟȍª Ȑ ©șȈȉȖȖȚȈª3 țȓȖ-
ȎȐȓȈ Ȋ ȒȍȌȘȖȊȣȑ ȋȘȖȉ Ȑ ȗȖȝȖȘȖȕȐȓȈ ȒȖȘȧȊȖȋȖ ǶȊȖȌȈ ǵȈȌ ȔȖȋȐȓȖȑ ȖȚȞȈ ȚȊȖȍ-
ȋȖ Ȕȣ ȏȈȒȖȓȖȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȓȦȉȐȔțȦ șȖȉȈȒț — ©ǴȖȘȎȈª ǬȈ ȧ ȏȈȉȣȓ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ — șȗȖ-
ȝȊȈȚȐȓșȧ ǭȖȌȈ — Ȋ ȋȘȖȉ Ȓ ǶȊȖȌț Ȕȣ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȓȐ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȘȈȏȕȖȑ ȌȖȔȈȠȕȍȑ țȚȊȈ-
ȘȐ ȞȈȘșȒȐȍ ȉțȔȈȎȕȣȍ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ ǽȖȚȤ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȒțȗȐȚȤ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȕȈ
ȥȚȐ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ Ȋ ȗȖȌȏȍȔȕȖȔ ȞȈȘșȚȊȍ ȖȕȐ ȍȡȍ Ȋ ȝȖȌț Ȑ ȗȘȐ-
ȋȖȌȧȚșȧ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȐȒț
— ǿȍȘȍȏ ȌȊȈ ȔȍșȧȞȈ ȗȖșȓȍ ȗȖȝȖȘȖȕ ȚȊȖȍȋȖ ȖȚȞȈ ǺȐȕȝȥ ȗȘȐȋȓȈșȐȓȈ ȘȖȌȐ-
ȟȍȑ-ȖȌȕȖȜȈȔȐȓȤȞȍȊ ȕȈ ȔȈȓȣȍ ȗȖȔȐȕȒȐ ȠȈȔȈȕ ȖȚȣșȒȈȓ ȉȓțȌȕțȦ ȌțȠț ǹȐȋȈ-
ȒȚȈ-ǶȊȖȌȈ Ȑ țȓȖȎȐȓ ȍȍ Ȋ ©ȜȈȕȤȦ»4 ǻșȗȖȒȖȐȓȈșȤ ǺȐȕȝȥ șȖȉȘȈȓȈ șȊȖȐ ȗȖȎȐȚ-
ȒȐ ȏȈȗȘȧȋȓȈ șȖȉȈȒ Ȑ ȗȖ ȗȍȘȊȖȗțȚȒț ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȌȈȓȍȒțȦ ȘȍȒț — ǻșșțȘȐ —
Ȓ șȊȖȐȔ ȘȖȌȐȟȈȔ-ȖȌȕȖȜȈȔȐȓȤȞȈȔ
ǹȚȈȘȐȒ ȕȈșȖȊȈȓ Ȋ ȚȘțȉȒț ȏȍȓȍȕȖȑ ȗȣȓȐ ȚȈȉȈȒȈ ȊȌȈȊȐȓ ȋȓțȉȎȍ ȗȣȓȤ ȗȖȌț-
ȠȍȟȒȖȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȋȖ ȗȈȓȤȞȈ Ȑ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ șȊȖȑ ȘȈșșȒȈȏ:
— ȅȚȖȑ ȊȍșȕȖȑ ȖȝȖȚȕȐȒȐ-șȖȉȖȓȍȊȡȐȒȐ ȕȈȠȓȐ ȔȍȘȚȊȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ ȚȊȖȍȑ ȔȈȚȍȘȐ
1 Ɉɱɢɯɚ ɭɣɥɷɨɪɢ — ɟɠɟɝɨɞɧɨɟ ɨɫɟɧɧɟɟ ɪɨɞɨɜɨɟ ɦɨɥɟɧɢɟ ɝɨɥɶɞɨɜ ɪɨɞɚ ɯɚɥɚ
 — ɨɞɧɨ-
ɮɚɦɢɥɶɰɟɜ ɷɦɭɯɚɥɚ

2 əɦɯɚ — ɝɪɟɦɹɳɢɣ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɹɫ ɲɚɦɚɧɚ
3 ɋɨɩɤɚ ɤɚɱɟ ɢ ɫɚɛɨɨɬɚ — ɯɚɥɚɬ ɢ ɫɚɩɨɝɢ ɢɡ ɪɵɛɶɟɣ ɤɨɠɢ
4 ɒɚɦɚɧ ɩɨ ɩɨɜɟɪɶɸ ɝɨɥɶɞɨɜ ɨɬɵɫɤɢɜɚɟɬ ɞɭɲɭ ɩɨɤɨɣɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɭɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟɬ ɟɟ ɜ ɮɚɧɶɹ
— ɨɫɨɛɭɸ ɩɨɞɭɲɤɭ ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɨɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɩɨɤɨɣɧɨɝɨ ɭɝɨɳɚɸɬ ɪɚɡɧɨɣ
ɫɧɟɞɶɸ

193
ȕȈ ȗȘȖȚȈȓȐȕȍ — ȖȕȈ șȚȈȘȈȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȏȈȔȍȘȏȓȈ Ȋ ȗțȚȐ — ȥȚȈ ȏȐȔȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȕȈ
ȘȍȌȒȖșȚȤ șțȘȖȊȈ
 ȏȈȔȍȘȏȓȈ șȚȈȘȈȧ ȊȔȍșȚȍ șȖ șȊȖȐȔȐ șȚȈȘȣȔȐ ȒȓȧȟȈȔȐ șȖȉȈ-
ȒȈȔȐ.
— ǷȈȌȍȔ ȌȥȘȥ-ȌȐ ȋȘț — șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȖ șȐȌȍȚȤ
 — ȕȍ șȊȖȐȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȋȓțȝȖ ȚȖȟ-
ȕȖ ȗȖȗȍȘȝȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȒȖȔȖȔ ȚȊȍȘȌȖȑ ȗȐȡȐ ș ȚȘțȌȖȔ ȗȘȖȝȘȐȗȍȓ ǨȔȉȈ

194
— ǷȈȌȍȔ ȥȕȥȝȥȕȈ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȖȋȖ ȗțȚȐ
 — ȌȖȕȍșșȧ ȉȍȏȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȑ ȋȖȓȖș Ȁț-
ȔȧȡȍȋȖ
ǨȔȉȈ șȒȊȖȏȤ ȏȈȘȖșȓȐ ȉȈȋțȓȤȕȐȒȈ Ȑ ȒȖȓȦȟȍȋȖ ȟȍȘȚȖȊȖȋȖ ȌȍȘȍȊȈ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ
ȏȈȌȣȝȈȧșȤ Ȓ ȉȍȘȍȋț Ȑ ȕȈȊȏȕȐȟȤ țȗȈȓ ȕȈ ȌȕȖ țȓȍȔȈȋȌȣ
ǹȖȉȈȒȐ ȖȒȘțȎȐȊȠȐȍ ȓȖȌȒț țșȐȓȐȓȐ ȓȈȑ ȏȈșȓȣȠȈȊ ȊȖȑ ȊșȝȓȣȗȣȊȈȕȐȧ Ȑ
ȘȣȌȈȕȐȧ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ
*
ǹȖȉȈȒȈȔ ȕȈȌȖȍȓȖ ȉȍȏȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚȕȖ ȒȘțȚȐȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȓȈȧȚȤ ȊȖȏȓȍ țȓȍȔȈȋȌȣ ǨȔȉȈ
Dz ȚȖȔț Ȏȍ ȕȈ ȘȍȒȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ ȊȣȍȏȌȕȈȧ ȓȖȌȒȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȌȍȘȎȈȓȈ ȗțȚȤ
ȕȈȗȘȧȔȐȒ — Ȓ ȉȍȘȍȋț
dzȖȌȒȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȈ Ȍȓȧ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȋȓțȝȖȋȖ ȔȍșȚȈ ȕȈ ȕȍȑ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȐȌȕȖ Ȋȍ-
șȍȓ ǷȧȚȤ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȗȈșșȈȎȐȘȖȊ ȓȍȎȈȓȐ Ȋ ȉȍȏȌȍȑșȚȊȐȐ Ȋ șȈȔȣȝ ȕȍȗȘȐȕțȎȌȍȕ-
ȕȣȝ ȗȖȏȈȝ ȕȈ șȒȈȔȍȑȒȈȝ ȕȈ ȒȈȒȐȝ-ȚȖ ȚȦȒȈȝ Ȑ ȔȍȠȒȈȝ ȓȐȠȤ ȖȌȐȕ țȗȘȈȊȓȧȓ
ȓȖȌȒȖȑ ȌȍȘȎȈșȤ ȏȈ ȘțȓȤ Ǫșȍ ȧșȕȍȑ Ȑ ȧșȕȍȑ ȘȈȏȌȈȊȈȓșȧ ȘȈȊȕȖȔȍȘȕȣȑ șȚțȒ ȔȖ-
ȚȖȘȈ
ǨȔȉȈ ȗȖ ȗȘȍȎȕȍȔț ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖ ȓȍȎȈȓ țȚȒȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȓȐȞȖȔ Ȋ ȌȕȖ țȓȍȔȈȋ-
Ȍȣ ǬȈȎȍ ȚțȟȐ ȕȈȏȖȑȓȐȊȖȋȖ ȋȕțșȈ1 ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȍȋȖ șȌȊȐȕțȚȤ ș ȔȍșȚȈ
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȔȖȚȖȘ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȓȖȌȒȈ ȊȘȍȏȈȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȉȍȘȍȋ ȘȧȌȖȔ ș țȓȍȔȈȋ-
ȌȖȦ ǨȔȉȈ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȋȖȓȖȊț
ǷȍȘȍȌ ȔȖȚȖȘȕȖȑ ȓȖȌȒȖȑ ȠțȔȕȖ șțȍȚȐȓȐșȤ ȠȍșȚȤ ȔȖȓȖȌȣȝ ȋȖȓȤȌȖȊ ȕȍȖ-
ȉȣȟȕȖ ȕȈȘȧȎȍȕȕȣȝ Ȋ ȒȖșȖȊȖȘȖȚȒȐ ȗȐȌȎȈȒȐ țȕȚȣ2 Ȑ ȔȍȝȖȊȣȍ ȠȚȈȕȣ
ǴȖȓȖȌȣȍ ȋȖȓȤȌȣ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȓȐ ǨȔȉț Ȑ ȍȋȖ țȓȍȔȈȋȌț ǵȖ ȊȌȘțȋ ȖȌȐȕ
Ȑȏ ȠȍșȚȍȘȣȝ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ
— ǨȔȉȈ
ǨȔȉȈ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ȕȈȊșȚȘȍȟț
ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓ ǩȧȔȉȐ-ǩȖȉ — ȒȖȘȍȕȈșȚȣȑ ȝțȌȖȡȈȊȣȑ ȟȍȘȕȖȊȖȓȖșȣȑ ȗȈȘȍȕȤ ǭȋȖ
ȗȓȖșȒȖȍ șȒțȓȈșȚȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȗȘȐȗȓȦșȕțȚȣȑ ȕȖș Ȑ țȏȒȐȍ ȒȖșȣȍ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȉȣ-
ȓȐ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣ Ȑ ȌȖȘȖȋȐ ǨȔȉȈ ș ȘȈȕȕȍȋȖ ȌȍȚșȚȊȈ ǨȔȉȈ ȎȐȓ ȉȖȒ Ȗ ȉȖȒ ș
șȖșȍȌȖȔ ǩȧȔȉȐ-ǩȖȉȖȔ Ȑ ȉȣȓ ș ȕȐȔ Ȋ ȕȍȘȈȏȓțȟȕȖȑ ȌȘțȎȉȍ ǩȖȉ ȏȈȔȍȚȕȖ ȖȚȓȐ-
ȟȈȓșȧ ȖȚ șȊȖȐȝ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȍȑ ȋțșȚȖȑ ȚȈȚțȐȘȖȊȒȖȑ ȕȈ ȓȐȞȍ ȔȍȎȌț ȋȓȈȏ ȕȈ ȗȍȘȍ-
ȕȖșȐȞȍ ȕȈ ȓȉț Ȑ ȕȈ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȝ ȘțȒȈȝ ȍȋȖ șȐȕȍȓȐ ȚȖȟȒȐ ȒȘȍșȚȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȝ țȏȖ-
ȘȖȊǭȡȍ ȗȖȌȘȖșȚȒȖȔ ǩȧȔȉȐ-ǩȖȉ ȌȈȓ ȐȏțȘȖȌȖȊȈȚȤ șȍȉȧ ȠȈȔȈȕț ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȊȌȖȓȤ
Ȑ ȗȖȗȍȘȍȒ ȗȘȖȒȖȓȖȓ ȍȋȖ șȔțȋȓțȦ ȒȖȎț ȐȋȖȓȒȖȦ ș ȗȘȖȌȍȚȖȑ șȒȊȖȏȤ ȕȍȍ ȕȐȚȒȖȑ
ȕȈȔȖȟȍȕȕȖȑ Ȋ ȧȋȖȌȕȖȔ șȖȒȍ Ȑ Ȋ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȖȑ ȚțȠȐ
— ǩȧȔȉȐ!
1 Ƚɧɭɫ — ɬɚɟɠɧɚɹ ɦɨɲɤɚɪɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɢɧɨɝɞɚ ɞɚɠɟ ɡɚɟɞɚɟɬ ɡɜɟɪɹ
2 ɍɧɬɵ—ɬɢɩɢɱɧɚɹ ɬɭɡɟɦɧɚɹ ɦɭɠɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɭɜɶ ɢɡ ɤɚɛɚɧɶɟɣ ɢɥɢ ɥɨɫɢɧɨɣ ɤɨɠɢ

195
ǴȖȓȖȌȣȍ ȋȖȓȤȌȣ ȕȍțȒȓȦȎȍ ȖȉȝȊȈȚȐȓȐ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋȈ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȔȐ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ȚȖȗ-
ȚȈȓȐșȤ ȗȖ ȊȧȏȒȖȔț ȗȍșȒț Ȑ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȕȈȗȓȧșȣȊȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȘȈȌȖșȚȧȝ ȊȖȒȘțȋ
țȓȍȔȈȋȌȣ
ǪșȒȖȘȍ ǨȔȉȈ țȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ ǩȖȉ ș ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȈȔȐ ȗȘȐȊȍȏ ȗȘȖȌțȒȚȣ Ȑ ȚȖȊȈȘȣ Ȍȓȧ
ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȦȡȍȋȖșȧ ȒȖȖȗȍȘȈȚȐȊȈ Ȋ ©dzȐșȤȍȑ ȗȘȖȘȍȝȍª
ǻȏȕȈȓ ǨȔȉȈ ȟȚȖ ǩȖȉ — ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȗȍȘȊȣȝ ȋȖȓȤȌȖȊ ȊșȚțȗȐȓ Ȋ ȒȖȔșȖȔȖȓ Ȑ șȍȑ-
ȟȈș ȘȈȉȖȚȈȍȚ Ȋ ǰȊȈȕȖȊșȒȖȔ ȖȝȖȚȕȐȟȤȍ-ȘȣȉȈȞȒȖȔ ȒȖȓȝȖȏȍ Ȋ șȚȈ ȒȐȓȖȔȍȚȘȈȝ ȖȚ
șȚȖȑȉȐȡȈ
— ǽȖȟȍȠȤ ǨȔȉȈ Ȕȣ Ȑ Țȍȉȧ ȊȖȏȤȔȍȔ Ȋ ȒȖȓȝȖȏ
— Ǩȝ ǩȧȔȉȐ ȧ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȖȗȖȔȕȐȓșȧ ȌȈȎȍ ǪșȍȋȖ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȈșȖȊ ȕȈȏȈȌ ȧ ȗȘȐ-
ȉȣȓ ȕȈ ȘȖȌȕȖȍ șȚȖȑȉȐȡȍ ǵȈ ȔȍșȚȍ ȋȌȍ ȉȣȓ ȔȖȑ ȘȖȌȕȖȑ ȝȈȔȖȘȈȕ ȧ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȥȚț
ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȟțȎțȦ ȦȘȚț Ǩ Ȋ ȦȘȚȍ ȧ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓ ȓȐȠȤ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ șȚȈȘȖȋȖ ǭȖȌȈ-Ȁț-
ȔȧȡȍȋȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȗȖȘȈȏȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȔȐ ȕȖȊȖșȚȧȔȐ — ǨȔȉȈ ȊșȝȓȐȗȣȊȈȦ-
ȡȍ ȊȏȌȖȝȕțȓ — ȧ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ ȖȌȐȕ șȖȊșȍȔ șȖȊșȍȔ ȖȌȐȕȖȒ ȖȌȐȕ
ǩȧȔȉȐ ȗȘȖȊȍȓ ȓȈȌȖȕȤȦ ȗȖ ȓȐȞț ǨȔȉȈ
— ȇ ȏȕȈȦ Ȗ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȚȊȖȐȝ șȚȈȘȐȒȖȊ ȌȘțȎȐȡȍ ǺȍȔ ȉȖȓȍȍ Țȍȉȍ ȕȍȟȍȋȖ Ȍȍ-
ȓȈȚȤ Ȋ ©dzȐșȤȍȑ ȗȘȖȘȍȝȍª Ȉ ȒȖȓȝȖȏț ȕțȎȕȣ ȚȈȒȐȍ ȒȈȒ Țȣ ȒȘȍȗȒȐȍ ȓȦȌȐ
— ǵȍȚ ǩȧȔȉȐ ȧ ȕȍ țȑȌț Ȑȏ ȖȗțșȚȖȠȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȋȕȍȏȌȈ ȗȖșȚȘȖȦ șȍȉȍ ȕȖȊȣȑ
ȝȈȔȖȘȈȕ ǩȧȔȉȐ ȊȍȌȤ ȏȌȍșȤ ȔȖȧ ȕȍȊȍșȚȈ Ȍȓȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȧ ȐȏȢȍȏȌȐȓ ȋȖȌȣ ȗțȚȐ
ȟȚȖȉȣ ȌȖȉȣȚȤ ȚȖȘȐ
ǺȖȊȈȘȐȡȐ ǩȧȔȉȐ ȕȍ ȔȍȠȈȓȐ ȊșȚȘȍȟȍ ȌȈȊȕȐȠȕȐȝ ȌȘțȏȍȑ ȖȕȐ ȌȘțȎȕȖ Ȑ șȒȖ-
ȘȖ ȘȈȏȋȘțȎȈȓȐ ȓȖȌȒț ȗȍȘȍȚȈșȒȐȊȈȓȐ ȚȖȊȈȘȣ Ȋ ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȜȈȕȏț ȕȈ ȉțȋȘȍ Ȓ ǭȖ-
ȌȈ
— ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȕȈ ȖȌȕȈ ȖșȚȈȓȈșȤ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȈ ȊșȍȔ șȊȍȚȍ — ȕȍȊȍșȚȈ ȔȖȧ ș ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ
ȧ ȗȖșȊȈȚȈȕ ȍȡȍ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒȖȔ -ȔȐ ȓȍȚ Ǩ ȍȑ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȉȣȓȖ  ȓȍȚ Ǻȣ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȏȕȈȚȤ
ȍȍ — ȥȚȖ ȌȖȟȤ ǿȍȓȖȒȈ-ǷȖȝȓȍȉȒȐ Ȑ ǴȈȑȓȈ-ǺȘțȌȕȖȑ ǯȖȊțȚ ȍȍ ǬȎȧȉȎȧ-ǯȔȍȧ
— ǬȎȧȉȎȧ" ǨȔȉȈ ǬȈ ȊȍȌȤ ǬȎȧȉȎȧ ȗȘȖȌȈȕȈ șȚȈȘȖȔț ȉȍȏȕȖșȖȔț ȠȈȔȈȕț
ǵȈ Ȍȕȧȝ ȉțȌȍȚ — ȌȥȘȥ1 ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ Ȕȣ șȖȉȐȘȈȍȔșȧ ȋțȓȧȚȤ
ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȐȝ șȓȖȊ ǨȔȉȈ ȕȍ șȓȣȠȈȓ Ƕȕ ȒȈȒ ȗȖȌșȚȘȍȓȍȕȕȣȑ țȗȈȓ ȕȈ ȗȍșȖȒ Ȑ
ȏȈȊȣȓ ȏȈȊȣȓ ȕȍȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ
ǵȈȗȘȈșȕȖ ǩȧȔȉȐ ȗȣȚȈȓșȧ țȚȍȠȐȚȤ ȌȘțȋȈ ȒȈșȈȓșȧ ȘțȒȖȑ ȍȋȖ ȓȐȞȈ ȘțȒ ǹȓȖ-
ȊȈ țȚȍȠȍȕȐȧ ȕȍ ȌȖȝȖȌȐȓȐ
ǵȖ ȊȌȘțȋ ǨȔȉȈ ȊșȒȖȟȐȓ șȚȐșȕțȓ ȌȖ ȝȘțșȚȈ ȘțȒȐ ǩȧȔȉȐ Ȑ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȗȖȓȕȣȔ
ȘȍȠȐȔȖșȚȐ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǵȐȒȖȔț ȕȍ ȖȚȌȈȔ ǬȎȧȉȎț ǻȉȤȦ șȚȈȘȖȋȖ ȒȖȓȌțȕȈ Ȉ ȕȍ ȖȚȌȈȔ ǬȎȧȉȎț
ǬȎȧȉȎȧ ȉțȌȍȚ ȔȖȍȑ
— ǰ Ȕȣ Țȍȉȍ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȗȖȔȖȎȍȔ — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ ǩȧȔȉȐ-ǩȖȉ Ȑ ȚȖȟȕȖ șȗȖȝȊȈ-
ȚȐȊȠȐșȤ ȌȖȉȈȊȐȓ — ȕȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ țȉȐȊȈȚȤ ȕȐȒȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȕȈȌȖ ȌȈȎȍ ȥȚț șȖȉȈȒț-ȠȈ-
ȔȈȕȈ
*
1 Ⱦɷɪɷ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɣ ɫɜɚɞɟɛɧɵɣ ɨɛɪɹɞ ɭ ɝɨɥɶɞɨɜ Ɉɛ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɛɪɹɞɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨ ɫɤɚ-
ɡɚɧɨ ɜ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɚ

196
ǶȚ ǭȖȌȈ-ȀțȔȧȡȍȋȖ ǨȔȉȈ țȏȕȈȓ Ȋșȍ ȌȖ ȔȍȓȤȟȈȑȠȐȝ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖșȚȍȑ Ȗ ȚȖȔ,
ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȓȖ Ȋ ȌȖȔȍ ǿȍȓȖȒȈ-ǷȖȝȓȍȉȒȐ
ǹȚȈȘȐȒ ȕȍȚȖȘȖȗȓȐȊȖ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȉȍșȟțȊșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖ Ȋ ȌȖȔȍ ǿȍȓȖȒȈ-ǷȖȝȓȍȉȒȐ țȎȍ Ȋșȍ ȋȖȚȖȊȖ Ȓ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȑ șȊȈȌȍȉȕȖȑ ȞȍȘȍȔȖȕȐȐ
— ȌȥȘȥ
ǻȎȍ ȌȈȊȕȖ — Ȋ ȗȘȖȠȓȖȔ ȋȖȌț ȗȘȖȠȍȓ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ șȊȈȌȍȉȕȣȑ ȖȉȘȧȌ — ȔȖȌȥȘ-
Ȓț1. DzȈȒ-ȚȖ Ȓ ǿȍȓȖȒț Ȋ ȌȣȔȕȣȑ ȌȎȍ2 ȗȘȐȍȝȈȓ ȕȈ șȖȉȈȒȈȝ șȚȈȘȣȑ ȠȈȔȈȕ ǼȖȓ-
ȌȖ-ǬȣȘȈ ȗȘȐȊȍȏ ȗȧȚȤ ȉțȚȣȓȖȒ șȗȐȘȚȈ Ȑ ȕȈȗȖȐȊ ȊșȦ ȘȖȌȕȦ ǿȍȓȖȒȐ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ
șȖȋȓȈșȐȍ ȖȚȞȈ — ȖȚȌȈȚȤ ǬȎȧȉȎȧ
— ǪȍșȍȓȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȔ ȔȖȌȥȘȒț — ȊșȗȖȔȐȕȈȍȚ ǭȖȌȈ — ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȕȍ ȊȣȊȈȓȧȓșȧ ȉȣ Ȋ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȉȓȍȊȖȚȐȕȍ Ǫșȍȝ ȖȚ ȔȈȓȈ
ȌȖ ȊȍȓȐȒȈ ȕȈȗȖȐȓ ȉȖȋȈȚȣȑ ǼȖȓȌȖ-ǬȣȘȈ ț ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ Ȍȍȕȍȋ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȟȍȔ ȉȓȖȝ ȕȈ
ȔȖȐȝ șȖȉȈȒȈȝ
ǷȘȖȠȓȈ Ȑ ȊȚȖȘȈȧ ȟȈșȚȤ șȊȈȌȍȉȕȖȋȖ ȖȉȘȧȌȈ — ȚȖȒȚȖȓȒț3 ǶȚȍȞ ȗȘȖȌȈȓ -ȚȐ-
ȓȍȚȕȦȦ ȌȖȟȤ -ȔȐȓȍȚȕȍȔț ȠȈȔȈȕț ȏȈ  ȟȍȘȊȖȕȞȍȊ ȌȍȕȤȋȈȔȐ  ȟțȋțȕȕȣȝ ȒȖȚ-
ȓȈ  ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȝ ȝȈȓȈȚȈ  ȒțșȒȈ ȔȈȕțȜȈȒȚțȘȣ Ȑ  ȉȈȕȖȒ ȒȖȕȚȘȈȉȈȕȌȕȖȋȖ șȗȐȘ-
ȚȈ ǰ ȖȉȘȧȌ ȚȖȒȚȖȓȒț ȉȣȓ ȏȈȓȐȚ ȊȖȌȒȖȑ
— ǵȈ ȚȖȒȚȖȓȒț ȉȣȓȖ ȒțȌȈ Ȋȍșȍȓȍȑ ȟȍȔ ȕȈ ȔȖȌȥȘȒț — ȌȖȉȈȊȓȧȍȚ ǭȖȌȈ — Ȋ
ȖȌȕȖȜȈȔȐȓȤȞȍȊ ȥȔțȝȈȓȈ
 ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȘȖȌȈ ȊȖȠȍȓ Ȍțȝ ȊȖȑȕȣ Ȑ ȖȕȐ ȕȈȉȘȖșȐȓȐșȤ
ȕȈ ȖȌȕȖȜȈȔȐȓȤȞȍȊ ȎȍȕȐȝȈ Ǫ ȌȘȈȒȍ ȌȖșȚȈȓȖșȤ Ȑ ȕȈȠȐȔ Ȑ ȐȝȕȐȔ ǵȖ ȎȍȕȐ-
ȝȖȊȣ ȗȖșȚȘȈȌȈȓȐ ȒțȌȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȈȠȐȝ ȖȌȕȖȔț ȊȣȉȐȓȐ șȖȊșȍȔ ȋȓȈȏ — ȖȒȘȐȊȍȓ
ȊȚȖȘȖȔț — ȌȊȈ ȘȍȉȘȈ Ȉ ȚȘȍȚȤȍȔț — șȒȘțȚȐȓȐ ȕȖȋț ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ ȝȘȖȔȈȍȚ
Ȑ ȝȖȌȐȚ ȕȖșȒȈȔȐ Ȋ ȘȈȏȕȣȍ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ Ƕ ȊȣȠȐȉȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȏțȉȈȝ Ȑ ȗȖȉȐȚȣȝ ȕȖșȈȝ Ȑ
ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚșȧ — ȕȐȒȚȖ Ȑȝ ȕȍ șȟȐȚȈȓ
— ǹȖȊșȍȔ ȕȍȌȈȊȕȖ ȗȘȖȠȓȈ -ȧ ȟȈșȚȤ șȊȈȌȤȉȣ — șȈȘȐȕ4 ǹȚȈȘȐȒ ȎȍȕȐȝ Ȑ
ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ-ȕȍȊȍșȚȈ șȚȖȧ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȧȝ Ȑ șȝȊȈȚȐȊȠȐ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋȈ ȗȘȈȊȣȔȐ ȘțȒȈȔȐ
ȖȌȕȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ ȊȣȗȐȓȐ ȗȖ ȘȦȔȒȍ ȊȖȌȒȐ ǰ ȏȈ ȥȚȐȔ ȋȓȈȊȕȍȑȠȐȔ ȖȉȘȧȌȖȔ —
©ȌȣȘȈ-ȖȟȐȕȐª ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȕȍȑ ȒȘȧȌț Ȋ ȌȖȔȍ ǿȍȓȖȒȈ ȓȐȓȈșȤ ȊȖȌȒȈ ǰ șȕȖȊȈ
Ȋșȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȤȧȕȣ
— ǪȍȌȤ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȈȘȐȕȈ Ȋșȍȝ ȖȉȕȖșȧȚ ȊȐȕȖȔ ȉȍȏ ȒȖȕȞȈ Ȑ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȍȚ
ȗȘȈȊȈ ȖȚȒȈȏȈȚȤșȧ ȖȚ ȟȈȘȒȐ Ǩ ȊȖȌȒț ȗȤȦȚ ȉȍȏ ȊșȧȒȖȑ ȏȈȒțșȒȐ, — ȚȈȒ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȍȚșȧ
1 ɋɜɚɞɶɛɚ ɭ ɝɨɥɶɞɨɜ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɱɟɬɵɪɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɢɧɨɝɞɚ ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɪɭɝ ɨɬ ɞɪɭɝɚ ɞɥɢ-
ɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɤɚɦɢ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɉɟɪɜɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɫɜɚɞɶɛɵ ɦɨɞɷɪɤɭ — ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ
ɫɝɨɜɨɪɚɦ ɩɨɦɨɥɜɤɟ
2 Ⱦɠɟ — ɡɢɦɧɟɟ ɝɨɥɶɞɫɤɨɟ ɠɢɥɢɳɟ
3 Ɍɨɤɬɨɥɤɭ — ɜɬɨɪɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɫɜɚɞɶɛɵ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɫɝɨɜɨɪɨɜ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɧɟɜɟɫɬɵ ɢ ɠɟɧɢɯɚ
ɨ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɟ ɬɨɪɢ ɤɚɥɵɦɚ
 ɡɚ ɧɟɜɟɫɬɭ
4 ɋɚɪɢɧ — ɬɪɟɬɶɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɫɜɚɞɶɛɵ ȼ ɫɬɚɪɨɣ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɣ ɫɜɚɞɶɛɟ ɫɚɪɢɧɭ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɞɨ
ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ©ɞɟɜɢɱɧɢɤª

197
ȗȖ șȚȈȘȖȔț ȖȉȣȟȈȦ ȋȖȓȤȌȖȊ — ȗȖȧșȕȧȍȚ ǭȖȌȈ — ǶșȚȈȓȈșȤ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȧȧ ȟȍȚȊȍȘ-
ȚȈȧ ȟȈșȚȤ șȊȈȌȤȉȣ — ȌȥȘȥ — țȔȣȒȈȕȐȍ — ȔȕȐȔȖȍ ȗȖȝȐȡȍȕȐȍ ȋȧȔȈȒȚȣ1 ǷȖșȓȍ
ȥȚȖȋȖ ȖȉȘȧȌȈ — ǬȎȧȉȎȧ — ȌȖȓȎȕȈ șȚȈȚȤ ȎȍȕȖȑ ȠȈȔȈȕȈ ǼȖȓȌȖ
— ǪȖȊȘȍȔȧ Țȣ ȗȘȐȗȓȣȓ ǨȔȉȈ ȝȖȚȤ Ȑ ȕȍȎȌȈȕȕȖ Ȑ ȕȍȋȈȌȈȕȕȖ ȗȖȋțȓȧȍȠȤ
ȒȈȒ ȖȚȘȖȌț ȕȍ ȋțȓȧȓ ȕȍ ȗȖșȒțȗȐȚșȧ ǼȖȓȌȈ ȕȈ ȊȖȌȒț ȊȍȌȤ ț ȕȍȋȖ Ȍȍȕȍȋ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ
ȟȍȔ ȉȓȖȝ ȕȈ ȔȖȐȝ șȖȉȈȒȈȝ
ǨȔȉȈ ȗȖ șȊȖȍȔț șȖȋȓȈșȐȓșȧ șȖ șȚȈȘȐȒȖȔ — ȊȖȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȘȐȍȝȈȓ ǴȖȓȖȌȣȍ Șȍ-
ȉȧȚȈ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȐ ǩȧȔȉȐ Ȑ șȈȔ ǩȧȔȉȐ ȗȖȌȉȖȌȘȐȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȊșȍȓȐȓȐ Ȋ ȕȍȋȖ ȒȘȍȗȒțȦ
ȕȈȌȍȎȌț
ǨȔȉȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț ȕȍȒțȌȈ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȍȚȤșȧ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ ș ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȈȔȐ Ȋ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȦȘ-
Țȍ ȕȈ ȉțȋȘȍ ȗȘȍȌȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕȕȖȑ Ȍȓȧ ȒȖȖȗȍȘȈȚȐȊȈ ȓȖȊȞȈ Ȑ ȖȝȖȚȕȐȒȈ
ǴȖȓȖȌȣȍ ȋȖȓȤȌȣ ș țȊȓȍȟȍȕȐȍȔ șȖȊȍȡȈȓȐșȤ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȗȖȔȖȟȤ ǨȔȉȈ
ȖȚȉȐȚȤ ȕȍȊȍșȚț ț ȠȈȔȈȕȈ.
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȉȣȓ ȋȖȚȖȊ ȗȖȓȕȣȑ ȗȓȈȕ
— DzȈȒ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȟȚȖ ȕȐȒȚȖ Ȑȏ șȚȖȑȉȐȡȈ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ ȗȘȐȉȣȓȐ ȕȈ ȔȖȚȖ-
Șȍ — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ ǩȧȔȉȐ
ǵȈȌȖ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȌȍȕȤ ȗȘȐȍȏȌȈ ǨȔȉȣ Ȑ ǩȧȔȉȐ ș ȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȧȔȐ șȚȖȑȉȐȡȍ
ȗțșȚȖȊȈȓȖ — ȗȖȟȚȐ Ȋșȍ ȕȈșȍȓȍȕȐȍ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓȖșȤ ȗȖ ȌȘȍȊȕȍȔț ȖȉȣȟȈȦ ȕȈ Ȗȉȡȍ-
șȚȊȍȕȕțȦ ȘȈȉȖȚț ȗȖ țșȚȘȖȑșȚȊț ȏȈȍȏȌȒȈ ȘȣȉȕȖȑ ȓȖȊțȠȒȐ, ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ șȖ Ȍȕȧ ȕȈ ȌȍȕȤ
ȖȎȐȌȈȓșȧ ȔȈșșȖȊȣȑ ȝȖȌ ȒȍȚȣ.
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȚȖȔț Ȋ ȌȍȕȤ ȗȘȐȍȏȌȈ ȔȖȓȖȌȍȎȐ Ȋ ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȜȈȕȏț ȕȈ ȉțȋȘȍ ȕȍ ȕȈ-
ȋȘȧȕțȓȐ ȖȉȐȚȈȚȍȓȐ ©dzȐșȤȍȑ ȗȘȖȘȍȝȐª, ȖȉȡȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ Ȑ ȗȈȌȒȐȍ ȌȖ ȊșȧȒȖȑ ȕȖȊȖ-
șȚȐ ȋȖȓȤȌȣ
— dzȖȎȐșȤ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ șȗȈȚȤ ǨȔȉȈ — ȗȖșȖȊȍȚȖȊȈȓ ǩȧȔȉȐ — ȘȖȌȐȚȍȓȍȑ ȚȊȖȐȝ
ȊȖșȒȘȍșȐȚȤ Ȕȣ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȔ Ȉ ȋȧȔȈȒȚț ȚȊȖȦ ȖȚȖȉȤȍȔ Ȍȓȧ Țȍȉȧ
ǵȖ ǨȔȉȈ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ șȗȈȚȤ ȊșȦ ȕȖȟȤ ȊȖȘȖȟȈȓșȧ Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȈ ȘȈșșȊȍȚȍ
ȏȈȉȣȓșȧ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȔ șȕȖȔ
ǻȚȘȖȔ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȐ șȕȈȘȧȌȐȓȐ ǨȔȉȈ Ȋ ȌȈȓȤȕȐȑ ȝȈȔȖȘȈȕ Ȓ ǿȍȓȖȒȈ — ȖȚȞț ǬȎȧ-
ȉȎȧ
— ǺȖȓȤȒȖ Țȣ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȈȊȈȑ ȊȐȌț ȟȚȖ ȏȕȈȍȠȤ Ȗ ȗȘȍȌșȚȖȧȡȍȑ șȊȈȌȤȉȍ ǬȎȧȉȎȧ
ș ǼȖȓȌȖ
— ǵȍ ȏȈȉțȌȤ ȟȚȖ șȚȈȘȐȒ șȒțȗ ȒȈȒ ȟȍȘȚ Ȑ șȚȧȎȈȚȍȓȍȕ ȒȈȒ ȠȈȔȈȕ ǬȖȉȍȑșȧ
ȒȈȒȖȑ țȋȖȌȕȖ ȞȍȕȖȑ ȌȖȉȍȑșȧ ȟȚȖȉȣ ǬȎȧȉȎȧ ȉȣȓȈ Ȋ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȓȖȌȒȍ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ
ȌȥȘȥ... ȐȕȈȟȍ ȕȈȔ ȚȘțȌȕȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ȌȖȉȣȚȤ ȚȊȖȦ ȋȧȔȈȒȚț — ȕȈȗțȚșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ǩȧȔȉȐ
*
— ǩȈȟȒȈȜț — ș ȖȉȣȟȕȣȔ ȗȘȐȊȍȚșȚȊȐȍȔ ȊȖȠȍȓ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȋȖȓȤȌ Ȋ ȝȈȔȖȘȈȕ
ǿȍȓȖȒȈ
ǰȏțȔȓȍȕȕȣȑ ǿȍȓȖȒȈ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȧ șȊȖȐȔ ȋȓȈȏȈȔ ȊȗȘȐȗȘȣȎȒț ȗȖȌȉȍȎȈȓ
Ȓ ǨȔȉȈ șȚȈȓ ȡțȗȈȚȤ Ȋ ȗȓȍȟȈȝ ȒȈșȈȚȤșȧ ȘțȒ Ȑ ȋȘțȌȐ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȋȖ ȋȖȓȤȌȈ
1 Ƚɹɦɚɤɬɚ —ɧɟɜɟɫɬɚ

198
— ǨȔȉȈ" Ǩȑ-ȝȈȈ-ȝȈȈȑ! ǨȔȉȈ" șȣȕ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȘȧȊȖȋȖ ǹȐȋȈȒȚȈ-ǶȊȖȌȈ Ȑ ȗȖ-
ȒȖȑȕȐȞȣ ȀȍșȚȐȗȈȓȖȑ — ǺȐȕȝȥ-ǬȈȊȧȡȍȑ ǪȕȐȏ Ȗȕ Ȑ ȍșȚȤ Ǩ Ȕȣ ȚȘȍȚȤȦ Ȋȍșȕț
șȟȐȚȈȍȔ ǨȔȉȈ șȗțȚȕȐȒȖȔ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȖȚȞȈ Ȑ ȔȈȚȍȘȐ — ȏȈ ȋȘȖȉȖȔ — Ȋ ȗȖȌȏȍȔȕȖȔ
ȞȈȘșȚȊȍ — ©ȉțȕȐª Ǩȑ-ȝȈȈ- ȝȈȈȑ
— ǵȍȚ ǿȍȓȖȒȈ ȧ ȎȐȊ Ȑ ȧȊȐȓșȧ șȦȌȈ ș ȉȖȋȈȚȣȔ ȚȖȘȐ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȊȏȧȚȤ Ȋ Ȏȍȕȣ
ȚȊȖȦ ȌȖȟȤ ǬȎȧȉȎț
ǿȍȓȖȒȈ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ Ȋ ȍȡȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍȍ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȍ ǭȋȖ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȍ șȚȈȘțȠȤȍ ȉȍȏȊȖ-
ȓȖșȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ șȖȉȘȈȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȒțȓȈȟȖȒ șȘȍȌȐ ȕȍșȔȍȚȕȣȝ ȔȖȘȡȐȕȖȒ ȍȓȍ-ȍȓȍ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣ-
ȓȖ ȘȈȏȖȉȘȈȚȤ ȡȍȓȒȐ ȉȍȏȊȖȓȖșȣȝ ȘȍșȕȐȞ Ȑȏ ȗȖȌ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȟțȚȤ-ȟțȚȤ ȊȣȋȓȧȌȣ-
ȊȈȓȐ țȏȒȐȍ ȎȍȓȚȣȍ ȊȓȈȎȕȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȒȐ
ǿȍȓȖȒȈ ȏȈȔȈȝȈȓ ȉȣșȚȘȖ Ȑ ȉȍșșȔȣșȓȍȕȕȖ ȒȐșȚȧȔȐ ȊȣȚȧȕțȚȣȝ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ȘțȒ Ȑ
ȕȍ șȒȖȘȖ ȕȈȠȍȓ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȧȡȐȍ șȓȖȊȈ Ȍȓȧ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȈ ș ȔȖȓȖȌȣȔ ȋȖȓȤȌȖȔ
— ǵȍȚ ȕȍȚ ȕȍȚ Ǻȣ ȗȖȏȌȕȖ ȧȊȐȓșȧ ǨȔȉȈ ǬȎȧȉȎȧ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȍ ȋȧȔȈȒȚȈ
Țȍȉȍ ȅȚȖ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ șȟȐȚȈȓȐ Țȍȉȧ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȔ Ǩ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȠȈȔȈȕ ǼȖȓȌȖ-
ǬȣȘȈ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȐȔȧ ©ǨȔȉȈª — ȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒȈ ȚȈȑȋȐ — ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȍȋȖ ȕȖ-
șȐȚ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ǰ ȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȉȣ ȖȚȌȈȚȤ ȌȖȟȤ șȊȖȦ ȏȈ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ș ȕȍșȟȈșȚȓȐȊȣȔ ȐȔȍ-
ȕȍȔ
ǿȍȓȖȒȈ ȗȖȗȧȚȐȓșȧ ȖȚ șțȘȖȊȖȋȖ ȔȘȈȟȕȖȋȖ ǨȔȉȈ
— ǶȚȌȈȑ Ȕȕȍ ȌȖȟȤ ǶȚȌȈȑ Ȕȕȍ ǬȎȧȉȎț șȚȈȘȐȒ ȇ ȗȘȐȊȍȏ Țȍȉȍ Ȑȏ ȌȈȓȤȕȐȝ
ȔȍșȚ ȋȖȓțȉȖȋȖ ȗȍșȞȈ șȖȉȖȓȍȑ ȔȍȝȖȊ ȘȈȏȕȣȝ ȟțȋțȕȕȣȍ ȒȖȚȓȣ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒțȦ ȟȍ-
ȟȍȕȟț ȠȍȓȒȈ șȗȐȘȚ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȘȈȏȕȣȝ Ȋȍȡȍȑ Ȑ ȍȡȍ ȧ ȗȘȐȊȍȏ Țȍȉȍ ȎȐȘȕȖȋȖ ȉȍ-
ȓȖȋȖ ȊȖȓȠȍȉȕȖȋȖ ȟȍȘȊȧ ȥȚȖȚ ȟȍȘȊȤ ȔȖȋțȟȍȑ Ȑ ȟțȌȖȌȍȑșȚȊȍȕȕȍȑ Ȑ ©ȎȍȕȤ-Ƞȍ-
ȕȧª — ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȦ ȒȖȘȕȧ Ȑ ©ȝȈȑ-Ƞȍȕȧª — ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȒȖȘȕȧ1 ǭșȓȐ ȥȚȐȔ ȟȍȘ-
ȊȍȔ ȔȈȏȈȚȤ Ȍȍșȕȣ ȚȖ Ȑ ț șȚȈȘȐȒȈ ȗȖȊȣȘȈșȚțȚ ȕȖȊȣȍ ȏțȉȣ ǨȔȉȈ ȐșȒȘȍȕȕȍ Ȋȍ-
ȘȐȓ Ȋ ȟțȌȖȌȍȑșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ șȊȖȑșȚȊȖ ȏțȉȕȖȑ ȗȈșȚȣ ©ǽȓȖȘȖȌȖȕȚª

ǫȓȈȏȈ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ ȏȈȋȖȘȍȓȐșȤ țȠȐ ȗȖȚȍȔȕȍȓȐ ȖȚ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȧ
— ǽȖȘȖȠȐȑ ȚȖȘȐ Țȣ ȌȖȉȣȓ, ǨȔȉȈ. ǵȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȉțȌț ȖȉȔȈȕȣȊȈȚȤ Țȍȉȧ ǬȎȧȉȎȧ
ȕȈ Ȍȕȧȝ ȉțȌȍȚ ȎȍȕȖȑ ȠȈȔȈȕȈ ǼȖȓȌȖ — ȧ țȎȍ ȗȘȖȎȐȓ ș șȍȔȤȍȑ ȟȈșȚȤ ȚȖȘȐ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȑ țȗȓȈȚȐȓ ȠȈȔȈȕ ȏȈ ȌȖȟȤ Ǩ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȚȖȋȖ Ȕȣ țȎȍ ȖȚȋțȓȧȓȐ Ȑ ȔȖȌȥȘȒț Ȑ
ȚȈȒȚȖȓȒț Ȑ șȈȘȐȕ ǶșȚȈȓȖșȤ ȖȚȋțȓȧȚȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȥȘȥ ǰ Țȣ șȔȖȎȍȠȤ ș ȕȈȔȐ ȗȖ-
ȋțȓȧȚȤ ȕȈ ȌȥȘȥ ǪȖȚ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȔȖȋț șȒȈȏȈȚȤ Țȍȉȍ
— ǿȍȓȖȒȈ ǿȍȓȖȒȈ ȟȚȖ Țȣ ȕȈȌȍȓȈȓ Ǻȣ ȉȣȓ ȌȘțȋȖȔ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȋȖ ȖȚȞȈ
Țȣ ȖȉȍȡȈȓ ȍȔț ȖȚȌȈȚȤ ǬȎȧȉȎȧ Ȕȕȍ ǺȣșȧȟȐ ȚȣșȧȟȐ ȊȍȘșȚ ȗȖ șȕȍȎȕȣȔ ȉȍȏ-
ȉȘȍȎȕȣȔ ȗȖȓȧȔ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȓȤȌȣ ȘȍȒȐ ȔȖȘȧ ȧ ȕȖșȐȓșȧ ȚȘȐ ȋȖȌȈ ȌȖȉȣȊȈȧ ȉȖȋȈȚȣȑ
ȚȖȘȐ ȏȈ ǬȎȧȉȎȧ ǴȕȖȋȖ-ȔȕȖȋȖ ȘȈȏ ȧ ȉȣȓ ȕȈ ȗȣȓȐȕȒț ȖȚ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȌȖȉȣȊȈȧ ȚȖ-
ȘȐ ȏȈ ǬȎȧȉȎȧ
ǿȍȓȖȒȈ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȗȘȈȊȌț Ȑ șȗȘȈȊȍȌȓȐȊțȦ ȖȉȐȌț Ȋ șȓȖȊȈȝ ǨȔȉȈ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȎȈȌ-
ȕȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ Ȓ ȊȖȌȒȍ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȖȌȈȚȤ ȌȖȟȤ șȚȈȘȖȔț ȠȈȔȈȕț ȕȍ ȌȖȎȐ-
ȌȈȧșȤ ȗȘȐȍȏȌȈ ǨȔȉȈ
ǹȚȈȘȐȒț șȚȈȓȖ ȕȍȓȖȊȒȖ
1 ɀɟɧɶ-ɲɟɧɶ — ɤɨɪɟɧɶ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɫɨɛɢɪɚɸɬ ɤɢɬɚɣɰɵ ɢ ɬɭɡɟɦɰɵ ɧɚ Ⱦɚɥɶɧɟɦ
ȼɨɫɬɨɤɟ ɏɚɣ-ɲɟɧɶ — ɬɪɟɩɚɧɝ — ɦɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɱɟɪɜɶ Ɉɛɚ ɨɧɢ ɫɱɢɬɚɸɬɫɹ ɥɟɱɟɛɧɵɦɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬ-
ɜɚɦɢ

199
— ǹȓțȠȈȑ ǨȔȉȈ ȧ ȕȐȒȈȒ ȕȍ ȖȎȐȌȈȓ țȊȐȌȍȚȤ Țȍȉȧ ȎȐȊȣȔ — ȕȍȝȖȘȖȠȐȍ Ȋȍ-
șȚȐ ȉȣȓȐ Ȗ DzȈȔȟȈȚȒȍ Ȑ ǹȈȝȈȓȐȕȍ ȒțȌȈ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ Țȣ ȗȖ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȔ ȖȝȖȚȕȐ-
ȒȖȊ ǵȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȕȐȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȐȏȔȍȕȐȚȤ ȌȍȓȈ ǬȎȧȉȎȧ ȉțȌȍȚ ȎȍȕȖȑ ǼȖȓȌȖ
— dzȣșȖȋȖ ȋȘȧȏȕȖȋȖ ȏȓȖȋȖ ȉȍȏȕȖșȖȋȖ ȖȉȔȈȕȡȐȒȈ-ȒȖȓȌțȕȈ
— ǵȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐ ȚȈȒȐȝ șȓȖȊ ǨȔȉȈ ǩȍȌȈ șȓțȟȐȚșȧ — ȠȈȔȈȕ ȔȖȎȍȚ șȓȣȠȈȚȤ Ȑ
ȕȈ ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȐ Ƕȕ Ȋșȍ ȏȕȈȍȚ
— ǷȖȟȍȔț Ȏȍ ȠȈȔȈȕ ȕȍ șȒȈȏȈȓ Țȍȉȍ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȎȐȊ ȍșȓȐ Ȗȕ Ȋșȍ ȏȕȈȍȚ
— ǬȍȓȖ ȒȖȕȟȍȕȖ ǶșȚȈȊȤ ȠȈȔȈȕȈ ǵȖ Țȣ ȔȖȎȍȠȤ ȗȖȋțȓȧȚȤ ș ȕȈȔȐ ȕȈ ȌȥȘȥ
— ȔȕȖȋȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ȊȖȌȒȐ ȕȈ ȌȥȘȥ ȇ șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȋșȍ
ǨȔȉȈ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȗȖȒȖȘȐȊȠȐșȤ ȕȍȐȏȉȍȎȕȖȔț ȗȘȐȎȈȓ ȗȖȌȉȖȘȖȌȖȒ Ȓ ȋȘțȌȐ Ȑ ȕȈ-
ȟȈȓ ȚȐȝȖ
—dzȈȌȕȖ ȧ țșȚțȗȓȦ ǬȎȧȉȎȧ ȠȈȔȈȕț ȧ ȕȍ ȐșȗȖȘȟț ȒȘȖȊȈȊȖȑ ȔȍșȚȤȦ ȊȈȠ
ȗȘȈȏȌȕȐȒ — ȌȥȘȥ ǵȖ ȏȈ ȥȚȖ Țȣ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȌȈȚȤ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȊȍșȍȓȐȚȤșȧ ȒȈȒ șȓȍȌțȍȚ ȕȈ
șȊȈȌȤȉȍ ǬȎȧȉȎȧ ȗțșȚȤ ǬȎȧȉȎȧ ȕȈ ȌȥȘȥ ȗȖȍȌȍȚ Ȋ șȚȖȑȉȐȡȍ Ȓ ȎȍȕȐȝț ȕȈ ȓȖȌȒȍ șȖ
ȔȕȖȑ Ȑ ȔȖȐȔȐ ȌȘțȏȤȧȔȐ Ȑȏ ǰȊȈȕȖȊșȒȖȋȖ ȒȖȓȝȖȏȈ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȠȈȔȈȕ Ȋșȍȝ ȕȈȗȖȐȓ
ȊȖȌȒȖȑ ȌȖ ȘȊȖȚȣ ǪȍȌȤ ț ȠȈȔȈȕȈ ȔȕȖȋȖ Ȍȍȕȍȋ — ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȟȍȔ ȉȓȖȝ ȕȈ șȖȉȈȒȈȝ
șȚȈȘȖȋȖ ǭȖȌȈ
ǹȚȈȘȐȒ ȏȈȌțȔȈȓșȧ ȖȗțșȚȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȒȖȘȚȖȟȒȐ ǰ ǨȔȉȈ ȖȗțșȚȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȒȖȘȚȖȟȒȐ
ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ǿȍȓȖȒȈ ǶȉȈ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐ
— ǵȖ ȊȍȌȤ ȗȖ ȕȈȠȍȔț ȖȉȣȟȈȦ ȋȧȔȈȒȚȈ ȕȈ ȌȥȘȥ ȍȌȍȚ ș ȔȖȓȖȌȣȔȐ ȗȈȘȕȧȔȐ
ȘȖȌșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȈȔȐ-ȖȌȕȖȜȈȔȐȓȤȞȈȔȐ — ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȕȈȠȍȓșȧ șȚȈȘȐȒ
ǨȔȉȈ ȗȖȘȣȊȐșȚȖ ȊșȒȖȟȐȓ ǪȣȗȘȧȔȐȓșȧ Ȑ șȚȈȘȐȒ
— ǿȍȓȖȒȈ! ǰ ȚȊȖȑ ȧȏȣȒ ȕȍ ȖȚșȖȝȕȍȚ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȚȈȒȐȍ șȓȖȊȈ? ǶȉȣȟȈȑ Ȗȉȣ-
ȟȈȑ Ǻȣ șȈȔ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȕȈȘțȠȐȓ ȖȉȣȟȈȑ ȖȚȌȈȊ ȔȖȦ ȕȍȊȍșȚț ȠȈȔȈȕț Ȉ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȑȏ-
ȏȈ ȗțșȚȧȒȈ ȊșȗȖȔȐȕȈȍȠȤ ȖȉȣȟȈȑ
ǿȍȓȖȒȈ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȖȗțșȚȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȒȖȘȚȖȟȒȐ ǰ ǨȔȉȈ ȖȗțșȚȐȓșȧ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ
— ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ Țȣ ȌȈȓ Ȕȕȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȍȘȊȧ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȧ ȖȚȘȈșȚȐȓ șȍȉȍ ȏțȉȣ ȧ ȗȖȎȈȓțȑ
ȘȈȏȘȍȠȐȓ ȉȣ Țȍȉȍ ȖȚȊȍșȚȐ ǬȎȧȉȎȧ Ȓ ȠȈȔȈȕț
— ǷȖ ȘțȒȈȔ — ȊșȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ǨȔȉȈ — ȝȓȖȘȖȌȖȕȚ ȚȊȖȑ
ǿȍȓȖȒȈ Ȑ ǨȔȉȈ ȖȌȕȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ ȊșȒȖȟȐȓȐ ș ȒȖȘȚȖȟȍȒ Ȑ ǨȔȉȈ ȚȈȒ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ șȚțȒ-
ȕțȓ ȓȈȌȖȕȤȦ ȗȖ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȚȖȑ ȓȈȌȖȕȐ ǿȍȓȖȒȈ ȟȚȖ ȘțȒȈ cȚaȘȐȒȈ ȖȚȓȍȚȍȓȈ ȏȈ șȗȐ-
ȕț Ȑ șȈȔ șȚȈȘȐȒ ȒȖȑ-ȒȈȒ țȌȍȘȎȈȓșȧ ȕȈ ȕȖȋȈȝ ȒȘțȚȖ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȕȈ ȉȖȒ
ǰ șȕȖȊȈ ȕȈ ȗȘȖȡȈȕȐȍ ȖȉȈ ȖȗțșȚȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȒȖȘȚȖȟȒȐ
— ǷȈȌȍȔ ȌȏȘȥȌȐ ȋȘț șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȖ șȐȌȍȚȤ
 — ȊȣȔȖȓȊȐȓ ǨȔȉȈ
— ǷȈȌȍȔ ȥȕȥȝȥȕȈ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȖȋȖ ȗțȚȐ
, — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ǿȍȓȖȒȈ
*
ǩȣșȚȘȖȑ ȗȖȝȖȌȒȖȑ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȓșȧ ǨȔȉȈ Ȓ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȜȈȕȏȍ ǷȖȌ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ ȚȘȍ-
ȡȈȓ șțȝȖȑ ȊȈȓȍȎȕȐȒ ȖȚ Țțȗȣȝ ȕȖșȒȖȊ ȖȉțȊȐ Ȑȏ ȒȈȉȈȕȤȍȑ ȒȖȎȐ ȖȚșȒȈȒȐȊȈȓȐ
ȒȍȌȘȖȊȣȍ ȠȐȠȒȐ Ȓ ȔȍȝȖȊȣȔ ȠȚȈȕȈȔ Ȑȏ ȒȈȉȈȘȟȐ ȓȐȗȓȐ ȞȍȗȓȧȓȐșȤ ȗȘȖȠȓȖ-
ȋȖȌȕȐȍ șȍȔȍȕȈ ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȑ ǨȔȉȈ ȕȈȗȍȊȈȓ ȕȍșȓȖȎȕțȦ ȗȍșȍȕȒț, ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȚțȚ Ȏȍ
ȗȘȐȌțȔȈȓ Ǫ ȥȚȖȑ ȗȍșȍȕȒȍ Ȗȕ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ ȒȈȒ ȖȚȖȉȤȍȚ ǬȎȧȉȎț ț ȏȓȖȋȖ ȠȈ-

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ȔȈȕȈ ȒȈȒ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȖ ȏȈȎȐȊȍȚ ș ȕȍȑ ȒȈȒ ȗȖșȚȘȖȐȚ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȍ ȕȖȊȣȑ ȉȍȘȍșȚȧȕȖȑ
ȝȈȔȈȘȈȕ ǬȎȧȉȎȧ ȘȖȌȐȚ ȍȔț șȣȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ Ȗȕ ȕȈȏȖȊȍȚ ǶȚȕȧȚȣȔ Ƕȕ ȉțȌȍȚ
Ȑȏ ȚȈȑȋȐ ș ȖȝȖȚȣ ȗȘȐȕȖșȐȚȤ ȗȖȌȘȈșȚȈȦȡȍȔț șȣȕț ȊșȧȒȐȍ ȌȐȒȖȊȐȕȒȐ
ǪȣȌțȔȣȊȈȧ Ȑ ȚțȚ Ȏȍ ȏȈȉȣȊȈȧ șȓȖȊȈ ȕȍȏȈȚȍȑȓȐȊȖȑ ȗȍșȍȕȒȐ ǨȔȉȈ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍ-
ȚȐȓ ȒȈȒ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȜȈȕȏȍ ȕȈ ȉțȋȘȍ
ǵȈȊșȚȘȍȟț Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȊȣȠȍȓ ǩȧȔȉȐ
— ǵț ȒȈȒ șȖȋȓȈșȐȓșȧ" — ȉȣȓȐ ȗȍȘȊȣȍ șȓȖȊȈ ǩȧȔȉȐ
ǨȔȉȈ ȗȖȕȧȓ — ǩȧȔȉȐ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȍȚ — șȖȋȓȈșȐȓșȧ ȓȐ șȚȈȘȣȑ ǿȍȓȖȒȈ ȖȚȗțș-
ȚȐȚȤ ș ȕȐȔȐ ǬȎȧȉȎț ȕȈ ȌȥȘȥ
— ǹȖȋȓȈșȐȓșȧ
— ǺȈȒ șȓțȠȈȑ ȧ ȕȈȘȖȟȕȖ ȊȣȠȍȓ Țȍȉȍ ȕȈȊșȚȘȍȟț — Ȋ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȜȈȕȏȍ — ȔȕȖ-
ȋȖ țȠȍȑ— ȚȈȔ șȖȉȘȈȓȐșȤ ȗȖȋȈȓȌȍȚȤ ȓȦȌȐ șȖ ȊșȍȋȖ șȚȖȑȉȐȡȈ ǵȍ ȕțȎȕȖ ȕȐȟȍ-
ȋȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ Ȗ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȏȈȚȍȍ ǹȓțȠȈȑ ǨȔȉȈ Ȋșȍ ȋȖȚȖȊȖ — Ȓ șȟȈșȚȤȦ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ
ȏȕȈȍȚ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȕȈ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȓȖȌȒȍ ȔȖȚȖȘ Ȕȣ ȗȖȒȈ ȟȚȖ șȕȧȓȐ ȍȋȖ Ȑ șȗȘȧȚȈȓȐ Ǫșȍ
ȐȌȍȚ ȋȓȈȌȒȖ Ȑ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ǷȖȚȍȘȗȐ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ — Ȑ ǬȎȧȉȎȧ ȉțȌȍȚ ȚȊȖȍȑ Ǻșșȣ
ǨȔȉȈ ȊȣșȓțȠȐȊȈȓ ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȖȍ ȟȐșȓȖ ȘȈȏ ȖȌȕȐ Ȑ Țȍ Ȏȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣ șȚȈȘȐȒȖȊ
Ȗ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȣȝ ȘȖȌȐȚȍȓȧȝ Ȗ ȗȘȍȌșȚȖȧȡȍȔ ȌȥȘȥ — ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȔ șȊȈȌȍȉȕȖȔ ȖȉȘȧȌȍ
ȍȋȖ ȉȣȊȠȍȑ ȕȍȊȍșȚȣ ǬȎȧȉȎȧ șȖ șȚȈȘȣȔ ȠȈȔȈȕȖȔ
ǪȘȍȔȧ ȖȚ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ Ȋ ȥȚȐ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣ ȊșȚȈȊȓȧȓ șȓȖȊȖ ȕȍȊȖȏȔțȚȐȔȣȑ ǭȖȌȈ
— ǪȍșȍȓȖ ȉțȌȍȚ Ǫȍșȍȓȍȑ ȟȍȔ ȕȈ ȔȖȌȥȘȒț ȕȈ ȚȖȒȚȖȓȒț Ȑ ȕȈ șȈȘȐȕȍ ȀȈ-
ȔȈȕ ȕȍ ȗȖȎȈȓȍȍȚ ȊȖȌȒȐ Ȍȓȧ ȌȥȘȥ — ț ȕȍȋȖ Ȍȍȕȍȋ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȟȍȔ ȉȓȖȝ ȕȈ ȔȖȐȝ
șȖȉȈȒȈȝ — Ȑ șȚȈȘȐȒ ȕȈȗȐȝȐȊȈȓ ȕȖȊțȦ ȗȖȘȞȐȦ ȏȍȓȍȕȖȑ ȗȣȓȐ Ȋ ȚȘțȉȒț
*
ǬȥȘȥ — șȈȔȈȧ ȊȍșȍȓȈȧ șȈȔȈȧ ȏȈȉȈȊȕȈȧ Ȑ ȠțȔȕȈȧ ȟȈșȚȤ ȋȖȓȤȌșȒȖȑ șȊȈȌȤȉȣ
ǸȖȌȐȚȍȓȐ Ȑ ȘȖȌșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȐ ȕȍȊȍșȚȣ Ȑ ȎȍȕȐȝȈ ȕȈȏȕȈȟȈȦȚ ȖșȖȉȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ Ȍȓȧ ȗȘȖ-
ȊȖȌȖȊ ȕȍȊȍșȚȣ ȠțȚȖȟȕȖȋȖ ©ȗȖȝȐȡȍȕȐȧª ȍȍ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌȈ Ȑȏ ȌȖȔȈ ȘȖȌȐȚȍȓȍȑ Ȋ
ȌȖȔ ȎȍȕȐȝȈ
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖșȓȍ Ȋșȍȝ ȥȚȐȝ ȞȍȘȍȔȖȕȐȑ ȌȥȘȥ — ȕȍȊȍșȚȈ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȚșȧ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȎȍȕȖȑ țȗȓȈȚȐȊȠȍȋȖ ȏȈ ȕȍȍ ȚȖȘȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ
Ǫ ȓȍȚȕȍȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȌȥȘȥ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȚ ȕȈ ȘȍȒȍ ǫȧȔȈȒȚț-ȕȍȊȍșȚț ȖȉȘȧȎȈȦȚ Ȋ ȉȖȋȈ-
Țȣȍ ȗȖȌȊȍȕȍȟȕȣȍ ȕȈȘȧȌȣ Ȑ ȊȍȏțȚ ȍȍ Ȓ ȎȍȕȐȝț Ȋ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȊȣȍȏȌȕȖȑ ȓȖȌȒȍ ǵȈ
ȊȍșȓȈ Ȋ ȓȖȌȒț ș ȕȍȊȍșȚȖȑ șȈȌȧȚșȧ ȔȖȓȖȌȣȍ ȗȈȘȕȐ Ȋ ȕȈȘȧȌȕȣȝ ȒȖșȚȦȔȈȝ ǯȈ ȓȖȌ-
ȒȖȑ ș ȕȍȊȍșȚȖȑ Ȑ ȔȖȓȖȌȍȎȤȦ ȗȓȣȊțȚ ȓȖȌȒȐ ș ȘȖȌȐȚȍȓȧȔȐ ȘȖȌșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȈȔȐ
ȖȌȕȖȜȈȔȐȓȤȞȈȔȐ
ǹȊȈȌȍȉȕȈȧ ȠțȔȕȈȧ ȜȓȖȚȐȓȐȧ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȧȍȚșȧ Ȓ șȚȖȑȉȐȡț ȎȍȕȐȝȈ ǮȍȕȐȝ ȏȕȈȍȚ
ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȘȐȉȣȚȐȧ ȕȍȊȍșȚȣ Ȑ țȎȍ ȏȈȘȈȕȍȍ ȋȖȚȖȊ Ȓ ȊșȚȘȍȟȍ ȍȍ — ȊȖȏȓȍ ȍȋȖ ȜȈȕȏȣ
ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț ȘȍȒȐ ȊȣșȚȘȖȍȕȣ ȓȖȌȒȐ
ǷȖȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȊȖȌȧȕȈȧ șȊȈȌȍȉȕȈȧ ȗȘȖȞȍșșȐȧ Ȑ ȊȔȐȋ Ȋ șȈȔțȦ ȉȖȋȈȚȖ țȉȘȈȕ-
ȕțȦ ȓȖȌȒț ȊȗȘȣȋȐȊȈȦȚ ȎȍȕȐȝ Ȑ ȋȘȍȉȞȣ — ȔȖȓȖȌȣȍ ȘȍȉȧȚȈ ȎȍȕȐȝȖȊȖȋȖ șȚȖȑȉȐ-
ȡȈ dzȖȌȒȈ ȎȍȕȐȝȈ Ȉ ȊșȓȍȌ ȏȈ ȕȍȑ ȓȖȌȒȐ ȘȖȌȐȟȍȑ ȖȚȟȈȓȐȊȈȦȚ ȖȚ ȉȍȘȍȋȈ ȕȈȗȍ-
ȘȍȘȍȏ Ȓ ȓȖȌȒȍ ȕȍȊȍșȚȣ

201
ǵȈȟȐȕȈȍȚșȧ ©ȗȖȋȖȕȧª dzȖȌȒȈ ȕȍȊȍșȚȣ ȒȘțȚȖ ȗȖȊȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȍȚșȧ Ȑ ©țȉȍȋȈȍȚª ȖȚ
ȎȍȕȐȝȖȊȖȑ ȓȖȌȒȐ ǵȍȊȍșȚȈ ȗȘȧȟȍȚșȧ ȕȈ ȌȕȖ Ȑ ȍȍ ȗȖȒȘȣȊȈȦȚ ȧȘȒȖȒȘȈșȖȟȕȣȔ
ȖȌȍȧȓȖȔ
ǷȖ ȘȍȒȍ ȋȖȕȧȦȚșȧ ȓȖȌȒȈ ȏȈ ȓȖȌȒȖȑ ǰ ȓȐȠȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȎȍȕȐȝȖȊȈ
ȓȖȌȒȈ ȕȈșȚȐȋȕȍȚ ȓȖȌȒț ȕȍȊȍșȚȣ Ȉ ȎȍȕȐȝ ȒȖșȕȍȚșȧ ȘțȒȖȑ ȉȖȘȚȈ ȓȖȌȒȐ — Ȋșȧ șȊȈ-
ȌȍȉȕȈȧ ȜȓȖȚȐȓȐȧ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ș ȠțȔȖȔ Ȓ ȉȍȘȍȋț Ȓ ȎȍȕȐȝȖȊȖȔț șȚȖȑȉȐȡț Ȓ
ȍȋȖ ȜȈȕȏȍ — ȗȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ
ǶȉȣȟȕȖ ȗȖȋȖȕȧ ȉȣȊȈȍȚ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȖȑ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȋȘȍȉȞȈȔ Ȋșȍȝ ȓȖȌȖȒ ȖȌȐȕȈȒȖȊȖ ȝȖ-
ȟȍȚșȧ — ȗȖșȒȖȘȍȑ ȕȈȟȈȚȤ ȗȐȘȠȍșȚȊȖ
ǵȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț șȊȈȌȍȉȕțȦ ȗȘȖȞȍșșȐȦ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȍȚ ȒȘȐȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȓȐȒȖȊȈȕȐȍȔ Ȋșȍ șȚȖȑ-
ȉȐȡȍ ȖȝȖȚȕȐȒȐ șȈȓȦȚțȦȚ Ȑȏ ȘțȎȍȑ ȘȍȉȧȚȈ ȚȘȍȡȈȚ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȔȐ ȕȖȊȖȋȖȌȕȐȔȐ
ȘȈȒȍȚȈȔȐ
Ǫșȍ țȟȈșȚȕȐȒȐ șȊȈȌȤȉȣ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȧȦȚșȧ Ȋ ȜȈȕȏț ȎȍȕȐȝȈ ȓȐȠȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȖȋȌȈ
ȒȖȋȌȈ ȎȍȕȐȝ ȖșȚȈȍȚșȧ ȖȌȐȕ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț Ȗȕ ȗȖȌȉȍȋȈȍȚ Ȓ ȕȍȊȍșȚȐȕȖȑ ȓȖȌȒȍ șȘȣ-
ȊȈȍȚ ș ȕȍȊȍșȚȣ ȗȖȒȘȣȊȈȓȖ Ȑ ȊȍȌȍȚ ȍȍ Ȋ șȊȖȦ ȜȈȕȏț
ǭȡȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȉȘȧȌȖȊ ȔȖȓȍȕȐȧ ȐȌȖȓț ǬȦȓȐȕȈ ȐȓȐ șȚȖȓȉț ǫțșȐ-ȕȈ-ǴȈ-
ȓȖ ȎȍȘȚȊȖȗȘȐȕȖȠȍȕȐȍ ȉȖȋȈȔ ȗȘȖȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȍȔ Ȑ ȘțșșȒȖȑ ȋȖȘȤȒȖȑ — Ȑ ȕȈȟȐ-
ȕȈȍȚșȧ șȊȈȌȍȉȕȣȑ ȗȐȘ ǺȈȒȖȊȣ ȊȒȘȈȚȞȍ ȞȍȘȍȔȖȕȐȐ ȌȥȘȥ
ǵȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȠȈȔȈȕ ȉȣȓ șȚȈȘ Ȑ șȚȈȘȐȒȐ ȟȈȡȍ ȕȍ ȊȣȗȖȓȕȧȦȚ ȗȖȓ-
ȕȖșȚȤȦ ȖȉȘȧȌȣ — ǼȖȓȌȖ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȊȣȗȖȓȕȐȚȤ ȌȥȘȥ ȖȚ ȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȌȖ ȒȖȕȞȈ
ǵȈ ȚȘȍȚȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȗȖșȓȍ ȗȘȐȍȏȌȈ ǨȔȉȈ Ȋșȍ șȚȖȑȉȐȡȍ ©dzȐșȤȧ ȗȘȖȘȍȝȈª ȟțȚȤ
șȊȍȚ ȉȣȓȖ țȎȍ ȋȖȚȖȊȖ Ȓ ȌȥȘȥ
ǵȈ ȘȈșșȊȍȚȍ Ȓ ȝȈȔȖȘȈȕț ǿȍȓȖȒȈ ȗȖȌȓȍȚȍȓȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ ȘȈȏțȒȘȈȠȍȕȕȈȧ ȓȖȌȒȈ ȔȖ-
ȓȖȌȣȝ ȋȖȓȤȌȖȊ-ȒȖȓȝȖȏȕȐȒȖȊ șȘȍȌȐ ȕȐȝ ȉȣȓȐ ǨȔȉȈ Ȑ ǩȧȔȉȐ ǩȖȘȚȈ ȓȖȌȒȐ ȗȍ-
șȚȘȍȓȐ șȊȍȎȐȔȐ ȧȘȒȖ-ȖȘȈȕȎȍȊȣȔȐ șȈȘȈȕȒȈȔȐ ȎȍȓȚȣȔȐ șȐȕȐȔȐ ȓȦȚȐȒȈȔȐ
șȊȍȚȓȣȔ ȉȈȋțȓȤȕȐȒȖȔ ȉȍȓȣȔȐ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔȐ ȒȖȓȖȒȖȓȤȟȐȒȈȔȐ ȘȖȏȖȊȣȔȐ ȓȈȕȌȣ-
ȠȈȔȐ ȓȍșȕȣȔȐ ȘȖȏȈȔȐ ȜȐȖȓȍȚȖȊȣȔȐ ȐȘȐșȈȔȐ Ȑ ȔȕȖȎȍșȚȊȖȔ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȞȊȍȚȖȊ
ȚȈȑȋȐ dzȖȌȒȈ ȏȈȓȐȚȈȧ ȗȍȘȊȣȔȐ ȒȖșȣȔȐ ȓțȟȈȔȐ șȖȓȕȞȈ ȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȣȔ
ȗȍșȚȘȣȔ ȉțȒȍȚȖȔ ȕȈ ȊȖȌȍ ǵȈ Ȍȕȍ ȓȖȌȒȐ ȓȍȎȈȓȐ ȒȖȊȘȣ ȔȍȝȈ Ȑ ȠȒțȘȣ
ǬȈȎȍ ǿȍȓȖȒȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț ȕȍ șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȘȈȊȐȓȈșȤ ȏȈȚȍȧ ǨȔȉȈ ȗȘȖșȐȧȓ ȗȘȐ ȊȐȌȍ
ȉȖȋȈȚȖ țȉȘȈȕȕȖȑ ȓȖȌȒȐ ǫțȉȣ ȍȋȖ ȖȒȈȑȔȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȏȈșȖȝȠȍȑ ȗȈșȚȖȑ — ©ǽȓȖȘȖ-
ȌȖȕȚª — șȖȉȘȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕțȦ țȓȣȉȒț
— Ǩȑ-ȌȈ ǨȔȉȈ Ǩȑ-ȌȈ ǨȔȉȈ ǻȋȖȌȐȓ șȚȈȘȐȒț ǵȍ ȏȈȉțȌț ȚȊȖȐȝ ȏȈȉȖȚ ȘȈȏț-
ȒȘȈȠȍȕȕȖȑ ȓȖȌȒȐ Ȑ ȉȍȓȖȋȖ ȟȍȘȊȧ DzȖȋȌȈ ȖȉȘȈșȚȍȚ ȔȖȑ ȘȖȚ șȊȍȎȐȔȐ ȏțȉȈȔȐ ȧ
ȖȚȌȈȔ Țȍȉȍ ǨȔȉȈ ȏȈ ȉȖȋȈȚȣȑ ȚȖȘȐ șȊȖȦ șȚȈȘȠțȦ ȌȖȟȤ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȖȊȌȖȊȍȓȈ Ȑ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȖȑ ȕȍȚ ȍȡȍ Ȑ șȖȘȖȒȈ ȓȍȚ
Ǫ ȒȘțȋț ȗȖȌȘțȋ ȊȣȠȓȈ Ȑȏ ȝȈȔȖȘȈȕȈ ȋȧȔȈȒȚȈ-ǬȎȧȉȎȧ Ȑ Ȋșȧ ȌȍȊȐȟȤȧ ȋȘțȗȗȈ
ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȓȈșȤ Ȓ ȞȊȍȚȖȟȕȖȑ ȓȖȌȒȍ
ǨȔȉȈ ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ țȊȐȌȍȓ ǬȎȧȉȎț ȗȖșȓȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖȓȍȚȕȍȑ ȘȈȏȓțȒȐ DzȘȖȊȤ ȗȖȌ-
ȒȈȚȐȓȈ ȗȖȌ ȒȖȎț ȍȋȖ ȓȐȞȈ ǿȍȘȕȣȍ ȋȖȘȧȡȐȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȏȈșȚȣȓȐ ȕȈ ȓȦȉȐȔȖȑ ȌȍȊț-
ȠȒȍ
— Ǩȑ — ȒȘȈșȈȊȐȞȈ
— ǪȖȚ ȚȈȒ ǬȎȧȉȎȧ
— ǺȈȒȖȍ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȖȚȌȈȚȤ ȉȍȏȕȖșȖȔț ȝȘȣȟț ȖȉȔȈȕȡȐȒț-ȒȖȓȌțȕț
ǸȍȉȧȚȈ ȕȈ ȓȖȌȒȍ Ȋ ȖȌȐȕ ȋȖȓȖș ȊȖșȝȐȡȈȓȐșȤ ǬȎȧȉȎȍȑ

202
ǵȈ ǬȎȧȉȎȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȓȈȚȤȍ Ȑȏ ȒȖȎȐ șȈȏȈȕȈ ȖȉȠȐȚȖȍ ȚȖȕȒȐȔȐ ȏȈȚȍȑȓȐȊȣȔȐ
țȏȖȘȈȔȐ ȗȘȐȟțȌȓȐȊȣȍ ȜȐȋțȘȣ ȘȈșȒȘȈȠȍȕȕȣȝ ȗȚȐȞ Ȑ Șȣȉ ȗȍșȚȘȍȓȐ ȕȈ ȍȍ ȕȈ-
ȘȧȌȍ ǷȘȐ ȒȈȎȌȖȔ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȐ ȕȍȊȍșȚȣ ȘȈȏȌȈȊȈȓșȧ ȔȍȚȈȓȓȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȠțȔ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ
ȍȍ ȕȈȘȧȌȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȊȌȖȓȤ Ȑ ȗȖȗȍȘȍȒ țȒȘȈȠȍȕȣ ȕȍșȔȍȚȕȣȔȐ ȗȖȉȘȧȒțȠȒȈȔȐ ȉȍȏ-
ȌȍȓțȠȒȈȔȐ ȕȈ ȖȉȍȐȝ ȘțȒȈȝ ȉȖȓȚȈȓȐșȤ ȘȧȌȣ ȉȘȈșȓȍȚȖȊ dzțȟ țȚȘȍȕȕȍȋȖ șȖȓȕȞȈ
ȐȋȘȈȓ ȌȘȖȉȐȓșȧ ț ȕȍȍ ȗȖȌ ȕȖșȖȔ ȕȈ ȔȍȚȈȓȓȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȗȓȈșȚȐȕȒȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȦ ȖȒȈȕ-
ȟȐȊȈȓȈșȤ ȗȘȖȌȍȚȈȧ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȖșȖȊțȦ ȗȍȘȍȗȖȕȒț ȚȖȕȍȕȤȒȈȧ Ȑȏ șȍȘȍȉȘȧȕȖȑ ȗȘȖ-
ȊȖȓȖȒȐ șȍȘȍȎȒȈ ǰȏ țȠȕȣȝ ȔȖȟȍȒ șȊȐșȈȓȐ ȗȖ șȈȔȣȍ ȗȓȍȟȐ ȋȐȘȓȧȕȌȣ ȗȣȠ-
ȕȣȝ șȍȘȍȋ
ǬȎȧȉȎȧ ȕȍȘȊȕȖ ȉȘȧȒȕțȓȈ ȊșȍȔȐ șȊȖȐȔȐ țȒȘȈȠȍȕȐȧȔȐ ǵȖșȖȊȈȧ șȍȘȤȋȈ ȏȈ-
ȌȍȘȋȈȓȈșȤ ȏȈȗȓȧșȈȓȈ ȗȖȌ ȘȈșȝȖȌȐȊȠȐȔȐșȧ ȊȏȉțȌȖȘȈȎȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȕȖȏȌȘȧȔȐ
ǵȖ ǬȎȧȉȎȧ ȉȣșȚȘȖ șȖȉȘȈȓȈ șȍȉȧ ȗȘȐȖșȈȕȐȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȓȍȋȒȖ ȊȗȘȣȋȕțȓȈ Ȋ șȊȈ-
ȌȍȉȕțȦ ȓȖȌȒț
— ǶȚȟȈȓȐȊȈȑ — șȒȖȔȈȕȌȖȊȈȓ ǿȍȓȖȒȈ
ǰ ȊșȓȍȌ ȏȈ ȕȍȊȍșȚȐȕȖȑ ȓȖȌȒȖȑ ș ȉȍȘȍȋȈ ȖȚșȒȖȟȐȓȐ ȓȖȌȒȐ ȉȐȚȒȖȔ ȕȈȉȐȚȣȍ
ȗȖȌȘțȎȒȈȔȐ ȘȖȌȐȟȈȔȐ ȖȌȕȖȜȈȔȐȓȤȞȈȔȐ Ȑ ȌȘțȏȤȧȔȐ ȕȍȊȍșȚȣ
ǷȖȌ șȔȍȝ ȠțȚȒȐ ȗȍșȕȐ Ȑ ȋȐȒȈȕȐȍ șȊȈȌȍȉȕȈȧ ȜȓȖȚȐȓȐȧ ȊȣȗȓȣȓȈ ȕȈ șȍȘȍ-
ȌȐȕț ȘȍȒȐ Ȑ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȓȈșȤ Ȓ șȚȖȑȉȐȡț ȎȍȕȐȝȈ
ǫȘȖȔȟȍ Ȋșȍȝ ȘȈȏȌȈȊȈȓȐșȤ ȗȍșȕȐ ȒȘȐȒȐ Ȑ șȔȍȝ Ȋ ȕȍȊȍșȚȐȕȖȑ ȓȖȌȒȍ ǪȍșȍȓȤȍ
ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȐșȒȘȍȕȕȍȍ ȕȖ ȖȕȖ ȗȘȍșȓȍȌȖȊȈȓȖ Ȑ ȚȈȑȕțȦ ȞȍȓȤ ȕȍȗȘȍȘȣȊȕȣȑ ȠțȔ
ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ șȓțȎȐȚȤ ȠȐȘȔȖȑ Ȍȓȧ ȚȈȑȕȖȑ ȉȍșȍȌȣ ǨȔȉȈ ș ǬȎȧȉȎȍȑ
ǬȎȧȉȎȧ ȗȖ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȍȕȐȦ ǩȧȔȉȐ ȗȍȘȍșȍȓȈ ȕȈ ȊȖȏȊȣȠȍȕȕȖȍ ȔȍșȚȖ ȗȖȒȘȣ-
ȚȖȍ șȖȉȖȓȍȊȣȔȐ ȠȒțȘȈȔȐ ȉȓȐȎȍ Ȓ ȘțȓȦ ȏȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ șȚȖȧȓ ǨȔȉȈ
— ǬȎȧȉȎȧ — ȕȈȟȈȓ ǨȔȉȈ — Țȣ ȊȍȌȤ ȏȕȈȍȠȤ ȟȚȖ ȚȊȖȑ ȖȚȍȞ Ȑ ȔȖȑ ȗȖȒȖȑ-
ȕȣȑ ȖȚȍȞ ȍȡȍ Ȋ ȌȍȚșȚȊȍ ȕȈȠȍȔ ȘȍȠȐȓȐ ȖȚȌȈȚȤ Țȍȉȧ Ȕȕȍ Ǻȣ ȗȖȔȕȐȠȤ ȒȈȒ Ȕȣ
ȌȘțȎȕȖ Ȑ ȊȍșȍȓȖ ȐȋȘȈȓȐ Ȋ ǬȎȧȗȈȒȈ ȟțȘȐ1 ȗȖȔȕȐȠȤ ȕȈȠȐ ȌțȔȝțȉțȘȐ2 Ǵȣ
ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȉȣȓȐ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ȧ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȊȣȘțȟȈȓ Țȍȉȧ Ȑ Ȋ ȐȋȘȍ Ȑ Ȋ ȉȍȌȍ ȇ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȓ Țȍȉȧ
©ȋȧȔȈȒȚȖȑª Ȉ Țȣ ȊȍȓȐȟȈȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ — ȝȖȏȧȐȕȖȔ-ȔțȎȍȔ Ȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȚȈȒ ȌȘțȎȕȣ
ȚȈȒ ȌȘțȎȕȣ
— ǯȈȟȍȔ, ǨȔȉȈ Țȣ ȊșȗȖȔȐȕȈȍȠȤ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȍȌț Ȋ ȌȖȔ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȉțȌțȡȍȋȖ
ȔțȎȈ?
— ǬȎȧȉȎȧ ǬȎȧȉȎȧ ǻ ȚȊȖȍȋȖ ȉțȌțȡȍȋȖ ȔțȎȈ ȕȍȚ ȊȖȓȖș ȕȈ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ Ȑ ȘȖȚ
ȍȋȖ ȉȍȏ ȏțȉȖȊ Ȑ ȕȖș ȍȋȖ ȗȘȖȊȈȓȐȓșȧ Ƕȕ ȏȓȖȑ Ȑ ȋȘțȏȕȣȑ șȚȈȘȐȒ ǷȍȘȍȌ șȔȍȘ-
ȚȤȦ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȊȏȧȚȤ șȍȉȍ ȚȘȍȚȤȦ Ȏȍȕț Ȑ ȊȣȉȘȈȓ Țȍȉȧ ȕȍȚȘȖȕțȚȣȑ ȞȊȍȚȖȒ ȒȘȈșȈ-
ȊȐȞț ȕȍȊȍșȚț ȔȖȦ
— ǯȈȟȍȔ ǨȔȉȈ Țȣ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȠȤ ȚȈȒȐȍ șȓȖȊȈ" ǵȐ Ȓ ȟȍȔț ȖȕȐ ǹȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȕȖȟȤȦ ȧ
ȉțȌț ȗȖȌ ȖȌȍȧȓȖȔ ț șȚȈȘȖȋȖ ǼȈȓȌȖ-ǬȣȘȣ
— ǵȍȚ ǵȍȚ ǵȍȚ! ǭșȓȐ Țȣ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȏȈȝȖȟȍȠȤ ȧ țȊȍȏț Țȍȉȧ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ-ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȖȚ-
1 Ⱦɠɹɩɚɤɚ ɱɭɪɢ — ɱɢɫɬɨ ɞɟɬɫɤɚɹ ɝɨɥɶɞɫɤɚɹ ɢɝɪɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɚɹ ɜ ɛɪɨɫɚɧɢɢ ɢ ɥɨɜɥɟ ɩɭɱ-
ɤɚ ɬɪɚɜɵ ɞɠɹɩɤɚ

2 Ⱦɭɦɯɭɛɭɪɢ — ɬɨɠɟ ɪɟɛɹɱɶɢ ɝɨɥɶɞɫɤɚɹ ɢɝɪɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɚɹ ɜ ɩɪɵɝɚɧɶɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɜɟɪɟɜɤɭ
ɜɪɚɳɚɟɦɭɸ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɞɟɬɶɦɢ

203
șȦȌȈ Ȑ Țȣ ȉțȌȍȠȤ ȔȖȍȑ ȎȍȕȖȑ—Ȑ ǨȔȉȈ ȏȈȠȍȗȚȈȓ ȏȕȖȑȕȖ Ȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖ-ȉȣșȚȘȖ
— ǬȎȧȉȎȧ Țȣ șȐȌȐȠȤ ȕȈȌ ȔȈȠȐȕȖȑ ǺȈȔ ȗȖȌ șȖȉȖȓȍȊȣȔȐ ȠȒțȘȒȈȔȐ șȗȘȧ-
ȚȈȕ ȔȖȚȖȘ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȉȍȏ Ȋȍșȍȓ ȔȖȎȍȚ țȔȟȈȚȤ ȕȈș — ȉȣșȚȘȍȍ Șȣȉ Ȑ ȗȚȐȞ —ȌȈ-
ȓȍȒȖ-ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȚțȌȈ ȋȌȍ ȕȍȚ ȠȈȔȈȕȈ ȋȌȍ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȚșȧ ȎȍȕȖȑ ȚȖȋȖ ȒȖȋȖ
ȖȕȈ ȓȦȉȐȚ șȒȈȎȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȓȖȊȖ ȟȚȖ Țȣ șȖȋȓȈșȕȈ șȚȈȚȤ ȎȍȕȖȑ ȔȖȍȑ Ȑ Țȣ ȕȍ ȌȖ-
șȚȈȕȍȠȤșȧ șȚȈȘȖȑ șȖȉȈȒȍ — ȉȍȏȕȖșȖȔț ȠȈȔȈȕț. Ȑ Țȣ ȉțȌȍȠȤ ȔȖȍȑ ȎȍȕȖȑ
— ǷȘȈȊȐȓȤȕȖ ȓȐ Țȣ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȠȤ"
Ǫ șȍȘȌȞȍ șȔțȡȍȕȕȖȑ ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȓȈ ȉȖȘȤȉȈ
ǰ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȏȈȌȍȘȋȈȓȈșȤ șȍȘȤȋȈ ȗȖȌ ȕȖșȖȔ
— Ǩȝ ǨȔȉȈ ȏȈȟȍȔ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Țȣ țȍȝȈȓ Ȑȏ ©dzȐșȤȍȑ ȗȘȖȘȍȝȐª ȕȈ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋȍ-
șȍȕ —ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȖȚȊȍȚȈ șȒȊȖȏȤ șȓȍȏȣ ȗȘȖȠȍȗȚȈȓȈ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ
ǨȔȉȈ ȚȖȘȖȗȓȐȊȖ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓ ǬȎȧȉȎȍ Ȗ șȊȖȐȝ șȔȍȓȣȝ ȘȐșȒȖȊȈȕȕȣȝ ȖȝȖȚȈȝ
ȉȓțȎȌȈȕȐȧȝ Ȑ ȗȘȖȔȣșȓȈȝ
ǰ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȘȈȌȐ ȕȍȍ ȘȈȌȐ ȚȖȘȐ ȏȈ ȕȍȍ ȏȈ ǬȎȧȉȎȧ
— Ƕ ȧ ȉȣȓ ȚȈȒ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ — ȚȈȔ ȋȌȍ ȒȖȕȟȈȍȚșȧ ȏȍȔȓȧ Ȑ ȌȖ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȕȍȉȈ ȗȓȣ-
ȊțȚ ȓȤȌȐȕȣ — ȗȖ ȖȒȍȈȕț ǺȈȔ ȧ ȉȐȓ Ȍȓȧ Țȍȉȧ ©ȔȖȘșȒȐȝ ȓȖȠȈȌȍȑª ȔȖȘȎȍȑ

Ǭȓȧ Țȍȉȧ ȧ ȌȖȉȣȓ ȋȖȓțȉȖȋȖ ȗȍșȞȈ ȕȈ DzȈȔȟȈȚȒȍ Ǭȓȧ Țȍȉȧ ȧ ȘȈșșȚȈȊȓȧȓ șȍȚȐ ȕȈ
șȖȉȖȓȧ Ȍȓȧ Țȍȉȧ ȧ ȗȘȖȔȣȠȓȧȓ ȟȍȘȕȣȝ ȉȍȓȖȒ Ȑ ȓȐșț-ȖȋȕȍȊȒț Ƕ ǬȎȧȉȎȧ Ȋ ȋȖ-
ȘȈȝ ǹȈȝȈȓȐȕȈ ȧ ȊȘțȒȖȗȈȠȕțȦ ș ȕȖȎȖȔ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ ȉȖȘȖȓșȧ șȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȔ ȔȍȌȊȍ-
ȌȍȔ Ȑ ȕȍ ȖȚȌȈȓ ȍȔț ȎȐȏȕȤ șȊȖȦ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ șȖȝȘȈȕȐȓ Ȍȓȧ Țȍȉȧ ȇ țȉȐȓ ȔȍȌȊȍ-
Ȍȧ ǰ ȕȍțȎȍȓȐ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȧ ȖȚȌȈȔ Țȍȉȧ șȚȈȘȖȔț ȗșț — ȉȓțȌȕȖȔț ȠȈȔȈȕț ȇ țȉȤȦ
ȍȋȖ ǬȎȧȉȎȧ ȍșȓȐ Țȣ ȕȍ șȖȋȓȈșȐȚșȧ țȍȝȈȚȤ ș ȕȈȔȐ ȕȈ ȉȣșȚȘȖȔ ȒȈȒ ȗȚȐȟȤȐ ȒȘȣ-
ȓȤȧ ȔȖȚȖȘȍ
— ǬȍȓȈȑ ȒȈȒ ȏȕȈȍȠȤ ©ȝȖȏȧȐȕª — ȗȖ-ȌȍȚșȒȐ ȕȈȏȊȈȓȈ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ ǨȔȉȈ — Țȣ
ȔțȎȟȐȕȈ Ȑ ȔȖȑ ȎȐȊȖȚ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȒȘȈȑ ȗȖȓȖȕ ȓȦȉȊȐ Ȓ Țȍȉȍ
— ǨȔȉȈ, — Ȋȕȍ șȍȉȧ ȖȚ șȟȈșȚȤȧ ȊșȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ǨȔȉȈ — ȚȐȋȘ ȊȖȏȤȔȍȚ ȏȔȍȦ Ȑȏ- ȗȖȌ
șȈȔȖȋȖ ȕȖșȈ ȉȍȏȕȖșȖȑ ǬȣȘȣ
— ǺȐȠȍ Țȣ ȌțȘȈȓȍȑ șȖȉȖȓȐȕȣȑ — ȠȐȒȕțȓ ǩȧȔȉȐ ȕȈ ȏȈȉȣȊȠȍȋȖ ȊșȧȒțȦ
ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖșȚȤ ȊȓȦȉȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȋȖȓȤȌȈ — Țȣ ȕȈȔ Ȋșȍ ȌȍȓȖ ȐșȗȖȘȚȐȠȤ — ȊȐȌȐȠȤ
Ȋ ȌȍșȧȚȐ ȊȏȔȈȝȈȝ ȊȍșȓȈ ȏȈ ȕȈȔȐ ȓȖȌȒȈ ǿȍȓȖȒȐ
DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȔȖȓȖȌȣȍ ȋȘȍȉȞȣ ȌȖȋȈȌȈȓȐșȤ Ȗ ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚȈȝ ȉȍșȍȌȣ ǨȔȉȈ ș ǬȎȧȉ-
Ȏȍȑ — Ȑ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȐȔ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȓȐ ȕȖȊȣȍ ȋȓȖȚȒȐ — ȗȘȐȔȧȓȐșȤ ȍȡȍ ȋȘȖȔȟȍ Ȋȍșȍ-
ȓȍȑ Ȑ ȏȈȌȖȘȕȍȑ ȘȈșȗȍȊȈȚȤ ȉȍȏțȌȍȘȎȕȣȍ ȗȍșȕȐ
©ǹȚȈȘȐȒ ǩȐȉț
ǬȈȑ ȐȔ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȝȖȘȖȠțȦ Ȑ ȌȖȓȋțȦ
ǰ ȌȍȚȍȑ ȐȔ ȗȖȠȓȐ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȔȕȖȋȖª —
ȗȖȌȝȊȈȚȐȓȐ ȋȘȍȉȞȣ ȗȘȈȊȖȋȖ ȉȖȘȚȈ ȕȍȊȍșȚȐȕȖȑ ȓȖȌȒȐ
©ǴȈȚȤ ǼȈȌȏȧ!
ǬȈȑ ȐȔ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȝȖȘȖȠțȦ Ȑ ȌȖȓȋțȦ
ǰ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȠȓȐ ȐȔ ȌȍȚȍȑ», —
ȍȡȍ ȏȈȌȖȘȕȍȑ ȚȖȟȕȖ Ȋ ȖȚȊȍȚ ȘȈȏȌȈȓȖșȤ ș ȓȍȊȖȋȖ ȉȖȘȚȈ ȚȖȑ Ȏȍ ȓȖȌȒȐ

204
ǹȚȈȘȐȒȐ ș ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȍȕȐȍȔ șȓțȠȈȓȐ ȌȘȍȊȕȐȍ șȊȈȌȍȉȕȣȍ ȕȈȗȍȊȣ
— dzȈȌȕȖ ȗȖȍȚȍ ȘȍȉȧȚȈ ȀȈȔȈȕ ȕȍ ȗȖșȒțȗȐȚșȧ ȕȈ ȊȖȌȒț ȏȈ ȥȚȈȒȐȍ șȓȖȊȈ
ȝȖȚȤ Ȋȣ Ȑ ȕȍ ȊȖȊȘȍȔȧ Ȑȝ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓȐ — ȒȘȐȟȈȓ ǿȍȓȖȒȈ Ȑȏ șȊȖȍȑ ȓȖȌȒȐ1.
ǸȍȉȧȚȈ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȐ ȏȈȌȖȘȕȖ ȊȣȒȘȐȒȐȊȈȚȤ ȗȍșȕȐ ©șȚȈȘȐȒț ǩȐȉțª Ȑ ©ȔȈȚȍ-
ȘȐ ǼȈȌȏȧª ȚȈȒ ȖȕȐ ȗȖ-șȊȖȍȔț ©ȊȍȕȟȈȓȐª ǨȔȉț ș ǬȎȧȉȎȍȑ ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ ȌțȔȈȧ Ȗ
ȠȈȔȈȕȍ
*
ǹȊȈȌȍȉȕȈȧ ȜȓȖȚȐȓȐȧ ȗȖȌȢȍȏȎȈȓȈ Ȓ șȚȖȑȉȐȡț ȎȍȕȐȝȈ
[ǹ ȉȍȘȍȋȈ șȖȘȊȈȓȖșȤ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȓȖȌȖȒ. Ǫ ȗȍȘȊȖȑ Ȋ ȒȘțȋț ȔȖȓȖȌȣȝ șȐȓȤȕȣȝ
ȋȘȍȉȞȖȊ șȐȌȍȓ ȉȍȏȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȑ ȓȣșȣȑ ȊȣșȖȝȠȐȑ ȠȈȔȈȕ].
— ǷȖȌȗțșȒȈȑ — ȚȐȝȖ șȒȖȔȈȕȌȖȊȈȓ ǩȧȔȉȐ ȗȍȘȍșȈȌȐȓ ȕȍȊȍșȚț ȕȈ șȍȘȍȌȐȕț
ȓȖȌȒȐ șȉȘȖșȐȓ ȠȒțȘȒȐ ș ȔȖȚȖȘȈ Ȑ ȏȈȊȖȏȐȓșȧ ȕȈȌ ȕȐȔ
ǸȍȉȧȚȈ ȖȚȗțșȚȐȓȐ ȊȍșȓȈ ȍȓȍ-ȍȓȍ ȗȍȘȍȉȐȘȈȧ ȐȔȐ Ȋ ȊȖȌȍ
— ǫȘȍȉȐ ȠȐȉȟȍ — ȒȖȔȈȕȌȖȊȈȓ ȘȈșȝȖȌȐȊȠȐȑșȧ ȠȈȔȈȕ șȊȖȐȔ ȋȘȍȉȞȈȔ —
ȋȘȍȉȐ ȕȍ ȗȖȎȈȓȍȦ ȊȖȌȒȐ ȔȖȓȖȌȞȈȔ
ǸȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȍ ȔȍȎȌț ȎȍȕȐȝȖȊȖȑ ȓȖȌȒȖȑ Ȑ ȓȖȌȒȖȑ ȕȍȊȍșȚȣ ȉȣșȚȘȖ țȔȍȕȤȠȈ-
ȓȖșȤ...
ǵȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȘțȎȕȣȝ ȊȏȔȈȝȖȊ Ȋȍșȍȓ Ȑ ȓȖȌȒȐ șȚȖȓȒȕțȓȐșȤ
ȀȈȔȈȕ ȉȣȓ ȌȖȊȖȓȍȕ ȚȍȔ ȟȚȖ ȕȍȊȍșȚȐȕȈ ȓȖȌȒȈ ȚȈȒ ȓȍȋȒȖ Ȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ©șȌȈȓȈșȤª
eȋȖ ȚȧȕțȓȖ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖ Ȋ ȜȈȕȏț — Ȓ ȊȖȌȒȍ
ǼȖȓȌȖ șȝȊȈȚȐȓșȧ ȘțȒȖȑ ȏȈ ȉȖȘȚ ȕȍȊȍșȚȐȕȖȑ ȓȖȌȒȐ Ȑ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȊȣȔȖȓ-
ȊȐȓ
— ǫȖȚȖȊȖ
ǵȖ ȚțȚ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȖ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ ȗȘȍȌțșȔȖȚȘȍȕȖ ȖȉȣȟȈȧȔȐ ȋȖȓȤȌșȒȖȑ șȊȈ-
ȌȤȉȣ
ǨȔȉȈ șȖ ȊșȍȋȖ ȔȈȝț ȊȍșȓȖȔ țȌȈȘȐȓ ȗȖ ȊȣȚȧȕțȚȖȑ ȘțȒȍ ȠȈȔȈȕȈ ǬȣȘȈ ȊȏȊȣȓ.
— ǰ ț ȕȈș ȚȖȎȍ ©ȋȖȚȖȊȖª șȚȈȘȈȧ șȖȉȈȒȈ Ǻȍȉȍ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȈȚȤ ȕȍȋȖȌȧȑ ȔȖȍȑ
ǬȎȧȉȎȐ ȒȈȒ ȊȖȓȖș ȕȈ șȊȖȍȑ șțȝȖȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ..
ǵȈ ȘȍȒȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȖ ȕȍȊȖȖȉȘȈȏȐȔȖȍ ȏȈȔȍȠȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ
ǫȘȍȉȞȣ ȕȍȊȍșȚȐȕȖȑ ȓȖȌȒȐ ȕȈȓȍȋȓȐ ȕȈ ȊȍșȓȈ ǯȈ ȕȐȔȐ ȉȘȖșȐȓȐșȤ Ȋșȍ ȓȖȌȒȐ
Ȑ ȎȍȕȐȝȈ Ȑ șȖ șȚȖȑȉȐȡȈ ©dzȐșȤȍȑ ȗȘȖȘȍȝȐª ǵȈ ȊȖȌȍ ȕȖșȐȓșȧ ȠțȔ ȒȘȐȒȐ ȗȘȖ-
ȒȓȧȚȐȧ țȋȘȖȏȣ
ǹ ȉȍȘȍȋȈ ȌȘțȏȤȧ ȠȈȔȈȕȈ — șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȐ Ȋșȍȑ ȥȚȖȑ șȞȍȕȣ — ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȖȎȐȌȈȍ-
ȔȖȋȖ șȈȓȦȚȈ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝ ȊȣȗțșȚȐȓȐ ȏȈȘȧȌ Ȋ țȉȍȋȈȦȡțȦ ȓȖȌȒț
ǵȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍȗȖȕȐȔȈȦȡȐȍ ȌȍȚȐ ȕȍȒșȚȈȚȐ ȗȈȟȒȈȔȐ ȗȖȌȎȐȋȈȓȐ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȍ ȘȈȒȍ-
Țȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ șȊȖȐȔ ȚȘȍșȒȖȔ ȏȈȋȓțȠȐȓȐ ȕȍșȚȘȖȑȕȣȍ ȒȘȐȒȐ
ǰ ȚȖȟȕȖ Ȋ ȖȚȊȍȚ ȕȈ ȥȚȐ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȣ Ȑ ȘȈȒȍȚȕțȦ șȚȘȍȒȖȚȕȦ — ȗțȓȍȔȍȚȖȔ ȏȈ-
1 Ɉɛɟ ɷɬɢ ɦɨɥɢɬɜɵ — ɫɜɚɞɟɛɧɵɟ ɩɟɫɧɢ ɩɨɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɞɷɪɷ ɧɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɡɞɧɟɣ, ɭ
ɮɚɧɡɵ ɠɟɧɢɯɚ

205
ȚȘȍȡȈȓ ȕȈȓȈȎȍȕȕȣȑ ȔȖȚȖȘ
— ǩȘȖșȈȑ ȊȍșȓȈ — șȒȖȔȈȕȌȖȊȈȓ ǩȧȔȉȐ Ȑ ȓȖȌȒȈ ȉȍȏ Ȋȍșȍȓ șȚȘȍȓȖȑ ȗȖȔȟȈ-
ȓȈșȤ ȗȖ ȘȍȒȍ Ȋșȍ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ Ȑ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ țȌȈȓȧȧșȤ ȖȚ ȘȈȏȢȧȘȍȕȕȣȝ ȕȍȐșȚȖȊșȚȊțȦ-
ȡȐȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ
©ǹȚȈȘȐȒ ǩȐȉț
ǬȈȑȐȔ—
ǬȎȧȉȎȧ Ȑ ǨȔȉȈ —
ǮȐȏȕȤ ȝȖȘȖȠțȦ Ȑ ȌȖȓȋțȦ
ǰ ȌȍȚȍȑ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȔȕȖȋȖª —
ȏȈȚȧȕțȓȐ Ȋșȍ ȘȍȉȧȚȈ ȘȈȏȖȔ
©ǴȈȚȤ ǼȈȌȏȧ
ǬȈȑȐȔ—
ǬȎȧȉȎȧ Ȑ ǨȔȉȈ —
ǮȐȏȕȤ ȝȖȘȖȠțȦ Ȑ ȌȖȓȋțȦ
ǰ ȌȍȚȍȑ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȔȕȖȋȖª

ǵȖ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȗȘȐȗȍȊ ȕȍ ȉȣȓ șȓȣȠȍȕ Ȋ ȓȖȌȒȍ ǼȖȓȌȖ-ǬȣȘȣ
*
Ǫ ȋȓțȝȖȑ ǨȔțȘșȒȖȑ ȚȈȑȋȍ ȕȈ ȊȍȘȝȖȊȤȧȝ ȘȍȒ ȕȍȚ ȍȡȍ ȘȈȌȐȖ Ȑ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜȈ —
ȊȍșȚȐ ȉȣșȚȘȣ ȒȈȒ țȓȍȔȈȋȌȈ ȘȣȉȖȓȖȊȈ ȒȈȒ ȗțȓȧ ȖȝȖȚȕȐȒȈ
ǹ țșȚ Ȋ țșȚȈ ȒȖȟțȍȚ ȊȍșȚȤ ȏȈ ȚȣșȧȟȐ ȊȍȘșȚ ȗȖ șȓȍȌȈȔ ȖȝȖȚȕȐȒȈ ȐșȒȈȚȍȓȧ
ȎȍȕȤ-Ƞȍȕȧ ȒȖȟȍȊȖȋȖ ȚțȏȍȔȞȈ
Ǫ șȈȔȣȑ ȘȈȏȋȈȘ ȖșȍȕȕȍȋȖ ȓȖȊȈ ȒȍȚȣ Ȋ șȚȖȑȉȐȡȍ ©dzȐșȤȧ ȗȘȖȘȍȝȈª Ȑ Ȋ șȚȖȑ-
ȉȐȡȍ ȠȈȔȈȕȈ Ȋșȍ ȖȚȓȐȟȕȖ ȏȕȈȓȐ ȟȍȔ ȒȖȕȟȐȓȖșȤ ȌȥȘȥ
ǨȔȉȈ ș ȔȖȓȖȌȣȔȐ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȈȔȐ țȊȍȏȓȐ ǬȎȧȉȎț Ȋ ǰȊȈȕȖȊșȒȐȑ ȖȝȖȚȕȐȟȐȑ
ȘȣȉȖȓȖȊȕȣȑ ȒȖȓȝȖȏ
ǰ ȌȘȍȊȕȍȑȠȐȑ ȖȉȣȟȈȑ ©ȗȖȝȐȡȍȕȐȧª ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ ȌȥȘȥ ȉȣȓ ȉȓȈȋȖȗȖȓțȟȕȖ ȏȈ-
ȊȍȘȠȍȕ Ȋ ȒȖȓȝȖȏȕȖȔ ǯȈȋș¶ȍ
ǨȔȉȈ Ȑ ǬȎȧȉȎȧ — ȗȍȘȊȈȧ ȚȈȍȎȕȈȧ ȋȖȓȤȌșȒȈȧ ȗȈȘȈ ȕȖȊȖȉȘȈȟȕȣȝ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ
ȏȈȗȐșȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ǯȈȋș¶ȍ

ȍDzǵǮȍDz

208
 ǿǨǴǨǵ ǰǯ ǶǸǬǭǵǨ ǾǭdzǻȆȁǰǽǹȇ ǯǴǭDZ
ǿȈȔȈȕ-dzȈȓ — ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȉȍșȟȐșȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȖȉȐȚȈȚȍȓȍȑ ȘȈȉȖȟȍȋȖ ȗȖșȍȓȒȈ DzȘȣșȐ-
ȕȖȋȖ ǹȒȖȗȐȡȈ
ǭȋȖ ȚȖȡȈȧ ȊȣșȖȒȈȧ ȜȐȋțȘȈ — ȖȉȚȧȕțȚȣȍ ȒȖȘȐȟȕȍȊȖȑ ȒȖȎȍȑ ȒȖșȚȐ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȖ-
ȕȐȏȣȊȈȦȡȐȑ ȍȌȒȐȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȝ ȟȍȘȕȣȝ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȐȝ ȋȓȈȏ ȍȋȖ ȎȍȓȚȈȧ ȖȌȍȎ-
ȌȈ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȑ ȜȐȖȓȍȚȖȊȣȑ ȚȦȘȉȈȕ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȊȐȚȈȧ ȏȔȍȍȊȐȌȕȣȔȐ ȎȋțȚȐȒȈȔȐ ȠȐ-
ȘȖȒȈȧ șȐȕȍȊȈȚȈȧ ȉȖȘȖȌȈ ȕȈ țȏȒȖȔ ȓȍȡȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣ ȗȘȖȝȖȎȐȔ ǩȈ-
ȘȈȕȤȐȝ DzȐȠȍȒ — țȏȒȐȝ ȒȖȓȍȕȟȈȚȣȝ ȗȍȘȍȗțȚȈȕȕȣȝ țȓȐȞ DzȘȣșȐȕȖȋȖ ǹȒȖȗȐȡȈ
ǵȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ ȖȚȒțȌȈ Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧȊȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐȊȣȑ ȔȘȈȟȕȣȑ Ȑ ȕȍ-
ȖȉȡȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ǿȈȔȈȕ-dzȈȓ ǵȐ ȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȓȍȚ ǿȈȔȈȕ-dzȈȓț Ȑ ȗȖȥȚȖ-
Ȕț ȓȦȌȐ ȗȘȖȏȊȈȓȐ ȍȋȖ ©ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȔ ȉȍȏ ȊȖȏȘȈșȚȈª
ǯȕȈȓȐ ȖȉȐȚȈȚȍȓȐ DzȘȣșȐȕȖȋȖ ǹȒȖȗȐȡȈ ȓȐȠȤ ȚȖ, ȟȚȖ
ț ǿȈȔȈȕȈ ȉȣȓ șȣȕ — ȋȐȉȒȐȑ ȒȘȈșȈȊȍȞ-ȦȕȖȠȈ ǬȎȖȠȐ
ǰ ȏȕȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȗȖȌȏȍȔȕȖȑ ȓȈȟțȋȍ ǿȈȔȈȕȈ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȕȐȔ
Ȑ șȣȕȖȔ ȦȚȐȓȐșȤ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȍ ȖȟȒȈșȚȣȍ ©ȚȐȠȐȚȈ-ȕȍ-
ȋțª — ȒȖȉȘȣ ȖȟȒȖȊȣȍ ȏȔȍȐ ȊȐȗȍȘȣ-ȋȈȌȦȒȐ ȏȔȍȐ-ȒȘȣ-
șȣ Ȑ ȔȕȖȎȍșȚȊȖ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȧȌȖȊȐȚȣȝ ȔȕȖȋȖȞȊȍȚȕȣȝ ȗȍșȚ-
Șȣȝ ȋȈȌȖȊ
ǪȖȚ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȌȈȎȍ șȈȔȣȍ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚȕȣȍ șȖșȍȌȐ ȉȖȧ-
ȓȐșȤ șȗțșȚȐȚȤșȧ ȏȈ ȗȖȘȖȋ ǿȈȔȈȕȖȊȖȑ ȓȈȟțȋȐ
ǿȈȔȈȕ-dzȈȓ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȈȓ Ȓ ȖȌȕȖȑ Ȑȏ ȟȍȚȣȘȍȝ ȒȈșȚ
ȗȘȖȜȍșșȐȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ șȊȧȏȈȕȣ ș ȓȖȊȓȍȑ Ȑ ȏȈȒȓȐȕȈȕȐȍȔ
ȏȔȍȑ
ǵȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ șȟȐȚȈȓȐ ǿȈȔȈȕȈ ©ȉȍȌȐȑȈȝȖȔª — ȗȘȐȠ-
ȓȣȔ ȉȍȕȋȈȓȤșȒȐȔ ȞȣȋȈȕȖȔ-ȜȖȒțșȕȐȒȖȔ țȒȘȖȚȐȚȍȓȍȔ
ȏȔȍȑ ǬȘțȋȐȍ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȓȐ ȍȋȖ ©ȔȈȓȖȔª ȐȓȐ ©ȔȖȌȈȘȐª —
ȓȦȌȤȔȐ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȗȘȖȔȣȠȓȧȊȠȐȔȐ ȏȔȍȧȔȐ
Ǫ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ Ȏȍ ǿȈȔȈȕ-dzȈȓ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȓ Ȑȏ
ȌȘȍȊȕȍȑȠȍȑ ȒȈșȚȣ ȉȘȖȌȧȟȐȝ ȏȈȒȓȐȕȈȚȍȓȍȑ ȏȔȍȑ — ©ȚțȘ-
ȉȐ-ȊȈȓȈȝȖȊª ǺȣșȧȟȍȓȍȚȐȧ Ȑȏ ȘȖȌȈ Ȋ ȘȖȌ ©ȔȈșȚȍȘȈ ȏȔȍȐ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȞȍȝȈª ȗȍȘȍȌȈȊȈȓȐ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋț ȊȍȒȖȊȍȟȕȣȍ ȕȈȊȣȒȐ
Ȑ ȚȈȑȕȣ ȖȉȡȍȕȐȧ ș ȧȌȖȊȐȚȣȔȐ ȋȈȌȈȔȐ
dzȦȌȐ ȗȖȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȓȐ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ǿȈȔȈȕ-dzȈȓ ȗȘȐȕȈȌ-
ȓȍȎȈȓ Ȓ ȕȖȊȖȔț ȎțȚȒȖȔț ȚȈȑȕȖȔț ȖȘȌȍȕț ȞȍȓțȦȡȐȝ-
șȧ ȏȔȍȑ ǵȈ ȍȋȖ ȌțȌȖȟȒȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ Ȗȕ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȓ ȏȔȍȑ Ȑȏ
Ȑȝ ȋȕȍȏȌ ȉȣȓ ȕȈȟȍȘȚȈȕ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȑ ȏȕȈȒ ȒȘȍșȚ-ȕȈȒȘȍșȚ
șȍȘȗ Ȑ ȔȖȓȖȚ Ȋ ȖȘȍȖȓȍ — ȒȘțȎȒȍ ȗȍȘȍȊȐȊȠȐȝșȧ ȞȍȓțȦ-
ȡȐȝșȧ ȏȔȍȑ ȊȕȐȏț ȝȊȖșȚȣ ȏȔȍȑ țȗȐȘȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ șȊȧȡȍȕȕȣȑ
ȞȊȍȚȖȒ ȐȕȌțșȖȊ — ȓȖȚȖș
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ǬȎȖȠȐ ȏȕȈȓ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȚȈȑȕȣ ȖȚȞȈ ǩȣ-
ȊȈȓȣȑ ȏȈȒȓȐȕȈȚȍȓȤ ȏȔȍȑ ȐȏȉȖȘȖȏȌȐȓ ȊȌȖȓȤ Ȑ ȗȖȗȍȘȍȒ
ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȑ ǰȕȌȖșȚȈȕ — ȖȚ ǷȍȕȌȎȈȉȈ ȌȖ ǾȍȑȓȖȕȈ ȖȚ

209
ǩȖȔȉȍȧ ȌȖ ǴȈȌȘȈșȈ ǿȈȔȈȕ ȉȓțȎȌȈȓ Ȑ ȗȖ ȗțșȚȣȕȍ ǺȈȘȘ Ȑ Ȋ ȌȎțȕȋȓȧȝ ȌȍȓȤȚȣ
ǫȈȕȋȈ ǰ ȕȈ șȊȖȍȔ ȉȘȖȌȧȎȍșȒȖȔ ȗțȚȐ ȏȈȒȓȐȕȈȚȍȓȤ ȏȔȍȑ ȕȍ ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȓ
ȕȖȊȣȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ — ȉȖȘȞȖȊ ȏȈ șȊȖȉȖȌȕțȦ ǰȕȌȐȦ. ȅȚȐ ȓȦȌȐ ȗȖȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓȐ ȍȔț Ȗ
ȌȈȓȍȒȖȑ ȒȘȈșȕȖȑ șȚȘȈȕȍ șȊȖȉȖȌȣ Ȑ ȚȘțȌȈ ǰ ȏȕȈȒȖȔ ȥȚȖȑ ȒȘȈșȕȖȑ șȚȘȈȕȣ ȉȣȓ
— șȍȘȗ Ȑ ȔȖȓȖȚ
ǺȍȔȕȣȑ Ȑ ȌȐȒȐȑ ȖȝȖȚȕȐȒ-ȏȔȍȍȓȖȊ ȗȖ-șȊȖȍȔț ȗȖȕȧȓ ȥȚȐ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣ ȗȖ-șȊȖȍ-
Ȕț ȖȒȘțȎȐȓ ȥȔȉȓȍȔț ȒȘȈșȕȖȑ șȚȘȈȕȣ — șȍȘȗ Ȑ ȔȖȓȖȚ — ȏȔȍȐȕȣȔ ȖȘȍȖȓȖȔ
— Ǫ ȚȖȑ șȚȘȈȕȍ ȕȍȚ ȘȈȉșȚȊȈ Ȑ țȕȐȎȍȕȐȧ ǺȈȔ Ȋșȍ ȘȈȊȕȣȍ — Ȑ ȏȈȒȓȐȕȈȚȍȓȤ
ȏȔȍȑ Ȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȓȍȚȈȦȡȐȑ ȕȈ ȔȍȚȈȓȓȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȒȘȣȓȤȧȝ — ȏȕȖȑȕȣȔ ȠȍȗȖȚȖȔ
ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ ǿȈȔȈȕ șȣȕț ȌȘȍșșȐȘțȧ șȊȖȐȝ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȝ ȗȐȚȖȔȞȍȊ ȖȟȒȖȊȣȝ ȒȖȉȘ
Ȑ ȊȐȗȍȘ — ȚȈȔ ȕȍȚ ȊȓȈșȚȐ ȉȖȋȈȚȣȝ ȚȈȔ ȕȍȚ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȓȈ ©ȉȈȕȐȈª — ȚȖȘȋȖȊȞȍȊ Ȑ
ȒțȓȈȒȖȊ Ǫ ȥȚț șȚȘȈȕț ȕȍ ȗțșȒȈȦȚ ȘȣȎȍȊȖȓȖșȣȝ ȌȤȧȊȖȓȖȊ — ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕ ǺȈȔ șȈ-
ȔȖ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȖ ȕȈ ȗȣȠȕȣȝ ȗȈșȚȉȐȡȈȝ ȘȈȏȊȖȌȐȚ șȊȧȡȍȕȕȣȝ ȒȖȘȖȊ1 Ǫșȍ ȥȚȖ
șȌȍȓȈȓ ȊȍȓȐȒȐȑ ȊȖȎȌȤ ȒȘȈșȕȖȑ șȚȘȈȕȣ — dzȥȑȕȐ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ Ȋ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȘȈȏ ȊȖ-
ȗȓȖȚȐȓșȧ ǩȘȈȔȈ DzȘȐȠȕȈ — ȗȘȍȔțȌȘȣȑ Ȑ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȣȑ ȉȖȋ ȗȘȈȊȖȊȍȘȕȣȝ Ȑȕ-
ȌțșȖȊ
ǰ Ȋ șȈȔȖȍ țȝȖ ǬȎȖȠȐ ȠȐȗȍȓ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖ Ȑ ȊȖșȚȖȘȎȍȕȕȖ ȏȈȒȓȐȕȈȚȍȓȤ ȏȔȍȑ
— ǰ ț ȕȈș Ȋ șȚȘȈȕȍ ȘȈȉșȚȊȈ ȗȖȧȊȐȓȐșȤ ȓȦȌȐ ©șȍȘȗȈ Ȑ ȔȖȓȖȚȈ» ȅȚȖ ȖȕȐ
ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȦȚ ȚȍȒșȚȐȓȤȡȐȒȖȊ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȝ ȖȚ ǩȖȔȉȍȧ ȌȖ DzȈȓȤȒțȚȚȣ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȝȐȡȕȣȝ
ȝȖȏȧȍȊ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȣȝ ȜȈȉȘȐȒ ȊȣȉȐȊȠȐȝ ȗȘȧȓȒț Ȑȏ ȘțȒ ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȖȊ ȕȈȠȐȝ ȚȘțȌȈ-
ȘȍȑǶȌȕȖ ȧșȕȖ ȗȖȕȧȓ ǿȈȔȈȕ Ȑȏ ȘȖșșȒȈȏȕȍȑ ȓȦȌȍȑ ©șȍȘȗȈ Ȑ ȔȖȓȖȚȈª ȕȍȚ ȉȖȓȤ-
ȠȐȝ ȊȘȈȋȖȊ ț ȐȕȌȐȑșȒȖȋȖ ȕȈȘȖȌȈ ȟȍȔ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȍ Ȑ șȊȖȐ ȖȚȍȟȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȉȖȋȈ-
ȚȍȐ Ȑ ȊșȍȔ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȔ ȕȍȕȈȊȐȌȍȓ Ȑȝ
ǭȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȉȖȋȈȚșȚȊȖ șȊȖȍ — ȥȚț ȕȍȕȈȊȐșȚȤ ǿȈȔȈȕ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȊȈȓ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕ-
ȕȖȔț ȕȈșȓȍȌȕȐȒț șȊȖȍȔț — ǬȎȖȠȐ
ǪȔȍșȚȍ ș ȚȍȔ ȖȚȍȞ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȊȈȓ șȣȡț Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȚȈȑȕȣ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȎțȚȒȖȋȖ ȘȍȔȍșȓȈ —
ȓȖȊȞȈ Ȑ ȏȈȒȓȐȕȈȚȍȓȧ ȏȔȍȑ
ǬȎȖȠȐ țȎȍ ȖȚȓȐȟȕȖ ȔȖȋ ȉȣșȚȘȣȔ ȘȍȏȒȐȔ ȊȏȔȈȝȖȔ ȘțȒȐ ȊȏȉȍșȐȚȤ Ȑ ȚțȚ Ȏȍ
țșȗȖȒȖȐȚȤ ȘȈșȗȓȍșȚȤ ȘȈȏȢȧȘȍȕȕȣȑ ȎȐȊȖȑ ȏȔȍȐȕȣȑ ȒȓțȉȖȒ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȍȕȕȖȑ ȔȍȌ-
ȓȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȘȍȟȤȦ ȐȓȐ ȗȓȈȊȕȣȔȐ ȔȧȋȒȐȔȐ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧȔȐ ȘțȒ
ǬȎȖȠȐ țȎȍ ȕȈțȟȐȓșȧ ȝȓȈȌȕȖȒȘȖȊȕȖ Ȑ țȊȍȘȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȚȤ Ȓ șȈȔȖȔț ȓȐ-
Ȟț ȐȏȊȐȊȈȦȡțȦșȧ ȒȖȉȘț ǰ ȕȐ ȖȌȐȕ ȔțșȒțȓ ȕȈ ȓȐȞȍ ȕȍ ȊȏȌȘȈȋȐȊȈȓ Ȑ ȕȍ ȔȖȘ-
ȋȈȓȐ ȖșȚȘȣȍ ȘȍșȕȐȞȣ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȏȔȍȧ ȊȖȌȐȓȈ șȚȘȍȓȤȟȈȚȣȔ ȎȈȓȖȔ ȊȖȏȓȍ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȍȋȖ
ȏȘȈȟȒȈ
ǰ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȚȍȔ șȣȕ ȗȍȘȍȕȧȓ ȖȚ ȖȚȞȈ ȉȍșȗȘȍȌȍȓȤȕțȦ ȎȋțȟțȦ ȕȍȕȈȊȐșȚȤ Ȓ
ȏȈȔȖȘșȒȐȔ ȕȍȏȊȈȕȣȔ ȋȖșȚȧȔ-ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȈȔ Ȑ șȊȖȐȔ ȉȖȋȈȚȍȧȔ.
— ǹ ȧȌȖȊȐȚȖȑ ȏȔȍȍȑ ȓȍȋȟȍ șȗȘȈȊȐȚȤșȧ ȟȍȔ ș ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȔ ȐȔȍȦȡȐȔ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȓ
1 ȼ ɂɧɞɢɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɬɟɦɧɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɫ ɠɚɞɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɥɨɜɢɬ ɤɚɠɞɭɸ ɜɟɫɬɶ ɨ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɟ
ɋɨɜɟɬɨɜ ȼɢɞɢɦɨ ɝɚɡɟɬɧɨɟ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɨɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɨ ɫɨɡ-
ɞɚɧɢɢ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɨɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɨɜɯɨɡɨɜ ɩɪɟɥɨɦɢɥɨɫɶ ɜ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɢ ɬɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɡɦɟɟɥɨɜɚ ɤɚɤ ɫɨɡɞɚ-
ɧɢɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɚɫɬɛɢɳ ɫɜɹɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɪɨɜ

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ȕȈȎȐȚȣȑ ȟțȎȐȔȐ ȘțȒȈȔȐ — ȓȦȉȐȓ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȚȤ ǿȈȔȈȕ șȣȕț ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȎțȚȒȖȑ
țȟȍȉȣ ș ȧȌȖȊȐȚȣȔȐ ȋȈȌȈȔȐ
 ǶǽǶǺǨ ǯǨ ǯǴǭȇǴǰ
ǰȕȖȋȌȈ ȖȚȍȞ ș șȣȕȖȔ ȕȈȌȖȓȋȖ ȗȖȒȐȌȈȓȐ DzȘȣșȐȕȖȍ ǹȒȖȗȐȡȍ Ȑ țȝȖȌȐȓȐ Ȋ
ȓȍșȈ ȉȖȓȖȚȈ Ȋ ȌȎțȕȋȓȐ ȖȝȖȚȐȚȤșȧ ȏȈ ȏȔȍȧȔȐ
ǰȝ șȕȈȘȧȎȍȕȐȍȔ Ȋ ȚȈȒȐȝ șȓțȟȈȧȝ șȓțȎȐȓȐ ȒȘȐȊȣȍ ȚȖȗȖȘȐȒȐ Ȍȓȧ ȘțȉȒȐ ȕȍ-
ȗȖȌȈȚȓȐȊȣȝ țȗȖȘȕȣȝ ȓȐȈȕ ȒȖȘȍȕȤȍȊ Ȑ șȚȍȉȓȍȑ ȓȍȋȒȐȍ ȏȈșȚțȗȣ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȍ ȚȖȕ-
ȒȐȍ ȊȍȘȍȊȒȐ șȍȚȐ Ȑ ȗȘȖșȚȖȘȕȣȍ ȗȓȍȚȍȕȣȍ ȒȖȘȏȐȕȣ Ȍȓȧ ȗȖȑȔȈȕȕȣȝ ȋȈȌȖȊ
ǶȚȍȞ Ȑ șȣȕ țȋȓțȉȓȧȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȌȎțȕȋȓȐ ȓȍșȈ ȗȍȘȍȗțȚȈȕȕȣȍ Ȑ ȏȈȚȧȕțȚȣȍ ȋȐȉȒȐ-
ȔȐ ȓȐȈȕȈȔȐ — ȊȤȦȡȐȔȐșȧ ȏȔȍȍȊȐȌȕȣȔȐ ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȧȔȐ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȓȐ ș ȕȍȐȔȖȊȍȘ-
ȕȣȔȐ țșȐȓȐȧȔȐ ȗȧȌȤ ȏȈ ȗȧȌȤȦ ȌȍȉȘȐ ȖȉȘȖșȠȐȍ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȣȔȐ țȏȖȘȟȈȚȣȔȐ ȗȈ-
ȗȖȘȖȚȕȐȒȈȔȐ ȘȍȏȒȖ Ȑ șȖȟȕȖ ȝȘțșȚȧȡȐȔȐ ȗȖȌ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ șȗțșȒȈȓȐșȤ ȗȘȣȋȈȧ ș
ȒȖȟȒȐ ȕȈ ȒȖȟȒț Ȋ ȉȖȓȖȚȐșȚȣȍ ȝȓȦȗȒȐȍ ȗȖȓȧȕȣ — ȖȉȐȚȈȓȐȡȈ ȕȍșȔȍȚȕȣȝ ȓȧ-
ȋțȠȍȒ ȗȖȌȣȔȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȏȈȘȖșȠȐȍ ȗȘȐȟțȌȓȐȊȣȔȐ ȒȖȘȧȊȣȔȐ ȔȈȕȋȖȊȣȔȐ ȌȍȘȍ-
ȊȤȧȔȐ șȚȘȖȑȕȣȔȐ ȒȖȒȖșȖȊȣȔȐ ȗȈȓȤȔȈȔȐ șȒȓȖȕȣ ȋȖȘ ȖȉȘȧȎȍȕȕȣȝ ȕȈ ȊȣșȖ-
ȚȈȝ șȕȍȎȕȣȔȐ ȉȈȠȓȣȒȈȔȐ
ǰ ȊșȦȌț ȖȚȍȞ Ȑ șȣȕ ȗȖȓȏȈȓȐ ȗȖ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȗȘȐȕȦȝȐȊȈȓȐșȤ ȊȣșȓȍȎȐȊȈȓȐ ȠȈ-
ȘȐȓȐ Ȋ ȋțșȚȖȑ ȓȐșȚȊȍ Ȋ ȗțȚȈȕȣȝ ȚȘȈȊȈȝ ȕȈȋȘȖȔȖȎȌȍȕȕȣȝ ȌȘțȋ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȈ ȒȈȔȍ-
ȕȤȧȝ
ǪȘȍȔȧ ȖȚ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȗȘȖȕȣȘȓȐȊȣȍ ȏȔȍȍȓȖȊȣ ȖșȚȈȕȈȊȓȐȊȈȓȐșȤ ȗȍȘȍȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈ-
ȓȐșȤ ȗȖȟȍȔț-ȚȖ ȎȍșȚȐȒțȓȧȞȐȍȑ ȘțȒ Ȑ ȔȐȔȐȒȖȑ ȓȐȞ ȉȍȏ ȏȊțȒȈ Ȑ ȗȘȐșȚțȗȈȓȐ Ȓ
șȊȖȍȔț ȐșȒțșȕȖȔț ȓȖȊț
Ǫ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȔȍȓȤȒȈȓȐ ȗȘȖȊȖȘȕȣȍ ȏȈșȚțȗȣ DzȘȐȊȣȍ ȚȖȗȖȘȐȒȐ ȊȘȍȏȈ-
ȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȔȧșȐșȚȣȍ ȒȖȘȕȐ ȘȈȏȘȣȊȈȓȐ șȍȚȐ ȓȐȈȕ — Ȑ ȊȌȘțȋ Ȑȏ ȒȘȈșȕȖ-ȉțȘȖȑ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȠȕȐȊȠȍȑ ȏȍȔȓȐ ȘȈȏȌȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ȊȖȘȟȓȐȊȖȍ ȠȐȗȍȕȐȍ
— ǷȠȠȠȣ
ǯȔȍȧ ȗȖȟțȧȊ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȕȍȓȈȌȕȖȍ ȕȍȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȖșȖȊȣȊȈȓȈșȤ ȊȣȗȖȓȏȈȓȈ Ȑȏ șȊȖȍ-
ȋȖ ȗȖȌȏȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȋȕȍȏȌȈ Ȑ ȐȏȊȐȊȈȧșȤ ȠțȘȠȈ Ȋ șȖȝȓȖȑ ȓȐșȚȊȍ ȗȣȚȈȓȈșȤ țșȒȖȓȤȏ-
ȕțȚȤ ȗȘȖȟȤ ǵȖ ȉȣșȚȘȖȍ Ȑ ȓȖȊȒȖȍ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍ ȖȉșȚȘțȋȈȕȕȖȑ ȗȈȓȒȖȑ ȘȈȏȌȊȖȍȕȕȖȑ
ȕȈ ȒȖȕȞȍ Ȋ ȊȐȌȍ ȖșȚȘȖȒȖȕȍȟȕȖȑ ȊȐȓȒȐ Ȑ ȗȘȍșȔȣȒȈȦȡȍȍșȧ ȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȗȓȍ-
ȕț ț ȐșȗȣȚȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȏȔȍȍȓȖȊȈ
ǭȡȍ ȖȌȕȖ ȓȖȊȒȖȍ șȚȘȍȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍ —- Ȑ ȏȔȍȧ ȗȖȌ ȗȓȍȚȍȕȖȑ ȒȘȣ-
ȠȒȖȑ ȠȐȘȖȒȖȑ ȒȖȘȏȐȕȣ
DzȖȋȌȈ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȕȈȕȧȚȖȍ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȓȖșȤ ȕȍȡȈȌȕȖ ȗȈȓȐȚȤ Ȑ ȏȔȍȐ ȗȖȒȐ-
ȌȈȓȐ șȊȖȐ ȏȍȔȓȧȕȣȍ ȗȖȘȣ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȖȋȘȍȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȗȖȕȍȎȐȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȧȘȒȐȝ Ȑ ȎȋțȟȐȝ
ȓțȟȈȝ ǿȈȔȈȕ ș șȣȕȖȔ ȘȈșșȚȐȓȈȓȐ țȒȘȍȗȓȧȓȐ șȍȚȐ ȗȖȌȎȐȋȈȓȐ ȊȖȒȘțȋ șțȝȐȍ
ȚȘȍșȒțȟȐȍ ȕȈ Ȗȋȕȍ ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȏȈȋȖȕȧȓȐ ȏȔȍȑ ȖȋȕȍȔ Ȑ ȌȣȔȖȔ Ȋ ȘȈșșȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȍ
șȍȚȐ

211
 ©DzǶǴǩǰǵǭȀǭǵª ǴǰǹǺǭǸǨ ǷǭǸDzǰǵǹǨ
ǰ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȈȏ ǿȈȔȈȕ-dzȈȓ Ȑ ǬȎȖȠȐ ȊȍȘȕțȓȐșȤ ș ȖȝȖȚȣ ș ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȖ ȉȖȋȈȚȖȑ
ȌȖȉȣȟȍȑ DzȖȘȏȐȕȣ ȌȖȗȖȓȕȈ ȒȐȠȍȓȐ șȊȍȚȓȖ-ȠȖȒȖȓȈȌȕȣȔȐ ȊȐȗȍȘȈȔȐ ȦȘȒȐȔȐ
ȏȔȍȧȔȐ-ȒȘȣșȈȔȐ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȔȐ ȌȘȍȊȍșȕȣȔȐ ȏȔȍȧȔȐ Ȑ șȈȔȣȔȐ ȘȈȏȕȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȔȐ
ȖȟȒȈșȚȣȔȐ ©ȚȐȠȐȚȈ-ȕȍȋțª ǯȌȍșȤ ȉȣȓȐ Ȑ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ Ȑ ȎȍȓȚȖ-ȖȘȈȕȎȍ-
Ȋȣȍ Ȑ ȉȓȍȌȕȖ-ȒȖȘȐȟȕȍȊȣȍ Ȑ ȖȚȓȐȊȈȦȡȐȍ ȊșȍȔȐ ȞȊȍȚȈȔȐ ȘȈȌțȋȐ ȗȍȘȓȈȔțȚȘȖ-
Ȋȣȍ ȗȧȚȕȐșȚȣȍ ȒȖȉȘȣ
ǵȖ ȖȚȞț Ȑ șȣȕț ȕȍ ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȘȈșșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȚȤ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȚȤșȧ ȌȖȉȣȟȍȑ ǶȉȣȟȕȖ
ȎȈȓȒȐȑ ȚțșȒȓȣȑ ȗȘȐȋȖȘȖȌ Ȋ ȥȚȖȚ ȌȍȕȤ Ȑȝ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȧ Ȑȏ ȌȎțȕȋȓȍȑ ȕȍ ȉȣȓ
ȗȖȝȖȎ ȕȈ ©ȒȘȣșȐȕȖȍ șȒȖȗȐȡȍª Ȗȕ șȒȖȘȍȍ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȓ ȉțȘȕȣȑ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȑ ȓȈȋȍȘȤ
ǵȈșȍȓȍȕȐȍ ȊȖȖȘțȎȈȓȖșȤ ȟȍȔ ȗȖȗȈȓȖ ȚȖȗȖȘȈȔȐ ȊȐȓȈȔȐ ȒȈȑȓȈȔȐ ȒțȏȕȍȞȣ
ȒȖȊȈȓȐ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȍ ȒȖȗȤȧ ȒȖȍ-ȋȌȍ ȔȍȓȤȒȈȓȐ ȌțȓȈ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȐȝ ȘțȎȍȑ
ǹ ȟȈșț ȕȈ ȟȈș ȕȈ ȗȖȔȖȡȤ ȖȎȐȌȈȓȐșȤ ȊȖȖȘțȎȍȕȕȣȍ ȖȚȘȧȌȣ ©ȒȘȈșȕȣȝ Șț-
ȉȈȝª — ȒȘȍșȚȤȧȕ ȉȓȐȎȈȑȠȐȝ șȍȓȤșȒȐȝ ȔȍșȚȕȖșȚȍȑ ȏȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȖșȓȈ-
ȕȣ șȗȍȞȐȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȋȖȕȞȣ
ǵȖșȐȓȐșȤ șȓțȝȐ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȧ ǰȕȌȐȧ ȊȖșșȚȈȍȚ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ șȊȖȐȝ ȕȍȕȈȊȐșȚȕȣȝ
ȗȖȘȈȉȖȚȐȚȍȓȍȑ -ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕ
ǿȈȔȈȕ-dzȈȓ ȊșȒȖȘȍ țȎȍ ȏȕȈȓ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖ Ȗ Ȋșȍȝ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȝ șȖȉȣȚȐȧȝ ȗȘȖȐș-
ȠȍȌȠȐȝ Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌȍ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȖȚșțȚșȚȊȐȍ ǨȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȍ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȚȊȓȍȟȤ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȝ ȖȚ ȏȈȉȈ-
șȚȖȊȖȟȕȖȋȖ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȖȕȕȖȋȖ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧ ȗȣȚȈȓȐșȤ ȐșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȚȤ șȊȖȑ ȐȏȓȦȉ-
ȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȘȖȊȖȒȈȞȐȖȕȕȣȑ șȗȖșȖȉ — ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȖȊȈȚȤ ȒȘȖȊȈȊțȦ ȘȍȏȕȦ ȔȍȎȌț ȉțȌ-
ȌȐșȚȈȔȐ Ȑ ȔțșțȓȤȔȈȕȈȔȐ
ǵȖ ȓȦȌȐ ©șȍȘȗȈ Ȑ ȔȖȓȖȚȈª ȊȖȊȘȍȔȧ ȘȈșȚȖȓȒȖȊȈȓȐ ȔȈșșȈȔ ȎȍșȚȖȒȐȍ ȏȈȔȣ-
șȓȣ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕ — Ȑ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ Ȍȓȧ ȗȖȘȈȉȖȚȐȚȍȓȍȑ ȐȕȌțșȣ ȖȉȢȍȌȐȕȐȓȐșȤ ș
ȔțșțȓȤȔȈȕȈȔȐ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ȊȣșȚțȗȐȚȤ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐȝ ȗȘȖȊȖȒȈȚȖȘȖȊ
ǬȈȎȍ Ȋ șȈȔȖȔ ȋȖȘȖȌȍ ȔȍȓȒȈȧ ȐȕȌȐȑșȒȈȧ ȉțȘȎțȈȏȐȧ ȗȘȐșȖȍȌȐȕȐȓȈșȤ Ȓ ȘȈȏ-
ȉțȠȍȊȈȊȠȐȔșȧ ȔȈșșȈȔ ǵȈ ȗȍȘȍȒȘȍșȚȒȈȝ țȓȐȞȈȝ Ȑ ȕȈ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȧȝ ȗȣȓȈȓȐ ȒȖ-
șȚȘȣ ȖȋȖȕȤ ȗȖȎȐȘȈȓ ȠȍȓȒ ȒȐȗȣ ȝȓȖȗȟȈȚȖȉțȔȈȎȕȖȑ ȚȒȈȕȐ ȚȖȊȈȘȣ ȈȕȋȓȐȑ-
șȒȖȋȖ ȐȏȌȍȓȐȧ
Ǫ ȗȖȓȌȍȕȤ Ȋșȍ ȔȕȖȋȖȚȣșȧȟȕȖȍ ȕȈșȍȓȍȕȐȍ DzȘȣșȐȕȖȋȖ ǹȒȖȗȐȡȈ ȌȊȐȕțȓȖșȤ Ȋ
ȋȖȘȖȌ — Ȓ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐȔ ȌȊȖȘȞȈȔ
ǵȈ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȐ ǪȐȒȚȖȘȐȧ ȚȖȓȗȍ ȗȘȍȋȘȈȌȐȓȐ ȗțȚȤ ȞȍȗȐ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐȝ șȚȘȍȓȒȖȊ
ȏȈȉȐȕȚȖȊȈȕȕȣȝ ș ȋȖȓȖȊȣ ȌȖ ȕȖȋ ȗțȓȍȔȍȚȕȣȔȐ ȓȍȕȚȈȔȐ
ǯȈȊȧȏȈȓȈșȤ ȗȍȘȍșȚȘȍȓȒȈ
ǹȖ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕ ȗȖȓȐȓșȧ șȊȐȕȍȞ ȐȕȌȐȑȞȣ ȉȖȔȉȈȘȌȐȘȖȊȈȓȐ șȚȘȍȓȒȖȊ
ȒȈȔȕȧȔȐ
ǵȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ șȚȘȍȓȒȐ ȖȚșȚțȗȐȓȐ — Ȑ ȊșȒȖȘȍ ȕȈ șȔȍȕț ȐȔ ȗȖȧȊȐȓȐșȤ ȓȦȌȐ
ȕȈȘȧȎȍȕȕȣȍ Ȋ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȍ ȕȍȊȐȌȈȕȕȣȍ ȕȖșȈȚȣȍ ȔȈșȒȐ ǪȗȍȘȍȌȐ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȕȍ-
ȕȈȊȐșȚȕȈȧ ȚȖȓșȚȈȧ ȜȐȋțȘȈ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȋȖ ȊșȍȔț ȕȈșȍȓȍȕȐȦ șȊȖȍȦ ȎȍșȚȖȒȖșȚȤȦ
ȗȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒȈ ǷȍȘȒȐȕșȈ dzȐȞȖ ȔȐșȚȍȘȈ ǷȍȘȒȐȕșȈ ȉȣȓȖ șȒȘȣȚȖ ȗȖȌ ȚȈȒȖȑ Ȏȍ ȕȍ-
țȒȓȦȎȍȑ ȕȖșȈȚȖȑ ȔȈșȒȖȑ
ǺȖȓȗȈ ȘȐȕțȓȈșȤ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȈ ȥȚȐȝ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐȝ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡ ȊȖȖȘțȎȍȕȕȣȝ

212
ȊșȍȋȖ ȓȐȠȤ ȘȍȏȐȕȈȔȐ Ȑ ȉȈȔȉțȒȖȊȣȔȐ ȗȈȓȒȈȔȐ ș ȔȍȚȈȓȓȐȟȍșȒȐȔȐ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȟȕȐ-
ȒȈȔȐ
ǵȖ ȚțȚ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖȍ Ȑ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȖȍ
dzȦȌȐ șȚȈȓȐ ȏȈȌȣȝȈȚȤșȧ ȐșȚȍȘȐȟȍșȒȐ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ șȔȍȧȚȤșȧ ȔțȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȟȐȝȈȚȤ;
ȋȓȈȏȈ ț Ȋșȍȝ șȚȍȒȓȍȕȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȕȍȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȓȤȕȣȝ ȍȌȒȐȝ șȓȍȏȈȝ
DzȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȕȍȊȐȌȐȔȣȍ ȘțȒȐ ȡȍȒȖȚȈȓȐ ȡȐȗȈȓȐ ȌȍȘȋȈȓȐ
ȓȦȌȍȑ, Ȑ ȥȚȐ ȓȦȌȐ ȒȖȘȟȐȓȐșȤ ȗȈȌȈȓȐ ȕȈȏȍȔȤ Ȑ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ Ȑȏ ȖșȓȈ-
ȉȍȊȠȐȝ ȘțȒ ȊȣȗȈȌȈȓȖ Ȑȝ ȖȘțȎȐȍ
ǺȖȓȗȈ ȗȘȐȠȓȈ Ȋ ȕȍȖȗȐșțȍȔȖȍ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȐȕȌțșȣ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȉȍȏțȔ-
ȕȣȍ ȌȈȊȧ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋȈ Ȋ ȗȈȕȐȟȍșȒȖȔ șȚȘȈȝȍ ȉȘȖșȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈȏȈȌ — Ȓ DzȘȣ-
șȐȕȖȔț ǹȒȖȗȐȡț
ǪșȒȖȘȍ Ȋșȧ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȤ ǪȐȒȚȖȘȐȐ Ȑ Ȋșȧ ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕȕȈȧ ȟȈșȚȤ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ ȉȣȓȐ ȖȟȐ-
ȡȍȕȣ ȖȚ ȔȧȚȍȎȕȐȒȖȊ dzȐȠȤ ȒȖȍ-ȋȌȍ ȉȍȏȔȧȚȍȎȕȖ ȗȖȒȖȐȓȐșȤ ȚȘțȗȣ ȌȈ ȒȖȘȟȐ-
ȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȒȈȔȍȕȤȧȝ ȐȏȘȈȕȍȕȕȣȍ ȐșȚȍȘȏȈȕȕȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ
ǺȈȒ ȗȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒ ǷȍȘȒȐȕș ȐșȗȘȖȉȖȊȈȓ ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ șȊȖȑ ȕȖȊȣȑ ȝȐȔȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȗȘȍ-
ȗȈȘȈȚ ȕȍȖȗȈșȕȣȑ Ȍȓȧ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȕȖ ȖȉȍșșȐȓȐȊȈȦȡȐȑ Ȑ ȖȉȍȏȖȘțȎȐȊȈȦȡȐȑ ȊȘȈ-
ȋȈ ȕȈȘȒȖȚȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȋȈȏ — ©ȒȖȔȉȐȕȍȠȍȕ».
 ǿǨǴǨǵ-dzǨdz — ǾǪǭǺǶǵǶȀǨ
ǿȈȔȈȕ Ȑ ǬȎȖȠȐ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȒȖȘȟȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈ șȊȖȐȝ ȕȍțȦȚȕȣȝ ȚȘȈȊȧȕȣȝ ȓȍȎȈȕȒȈȝ
ȏȈȌȣȝȈȧșȤ Ȋ ȕȍȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȓȤȕȖȔ șȔȍȝȍ Ȑ ȍȌȒȐȝ șȗȍȘȚȣȝ ȘȣȌȈȕȐȧȝ ǰ ȐȔ ȒȈȒ Ȑ
ȊșȍȔț ȕȈșȍȓȍȕȐȦ DzȘȣșȐȕȖȋȖ ǹȒȖȗȐȡȈ ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȐșȗȘȖȉȖȊȈȚȤ ȗȓȖȌȖȊ ȐȏȖȉ-
ȘȍȚȍȕȐȧ ȔȐșȚȍȘȈ ǷȍȘȒȐȕșȈ — ȊȍȌȤ ȖȕȐ ȉȣȓȐ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊȣȝ ȘȧȌȈȝ ȔȧȚȍȎȕȐȒȖȊ

213
— DzȈȒ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ ȕȈȓȖȊȐȓȐ ȚȈȒ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȧȌȖȊȐȚȣȝ ȏȔȍȑ — ȉȣȓȐ ȗȍȘ-
Ȋȣȍ șȓȖȊȈ ǿȈȔȈȕȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȚȍȞ Ȑ șȣȕ ȗȖȏȌȕȍȑ ȕȖȟȤȦ ȗȘȐȠȓȐ Ȋ șȍȉȧ — ȇ ȕȍ
ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȈȓ Ȓ șȗȘȈȊȍȌȓȐȊȖȑ ȗȈȘȚȐȐ șȍȘȗȈ Ȑ ȔȖȓȖȚȈ Ȑ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ Ȋșȍȝ Ȑȝ ȏȈȒȖȕȖȊ
ȕȖ ȧ ȗȖ-șȊȖȍȔț ȖȚȖȔȡț ȔȐșȚȍȘț ǷȍȘȒȐȕșț ȏȈ ȍȋȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȑ ȧȌ
ǿȈȔȈȕ-dzȈȓ ȟȐȘȒȕțȓ șȗȐȟȒț Ȑ Ȋ ȗȖȓțȚȤȔȍ ȕȍȉȣȊȈȓȖ ȏȓȖȊȍȡȍ-ȓȐȝȖȘȈȌȖȟȕȖ
ȌȘȖȎȈȓȐ ȍȋȖ Ȗȋȕȍȕȕȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ
— ǶȚȍȞ Țȣ șȈȔ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȓȍȋȟȍ șȗȘȈȊȐȚȤșȧ ș ȊȐȗȍȘȖȑ, ȟȍȔ ș ȚȈȒȖȑ ȗȘȖ-
ȒȓȧȚȖȑ ȉȍȓȖȑ șȖȉȈȒȖȑ ȒȈȒ ȥȚȖȚ ǷȍȘȒȐȕș!
— Ǩ ȧ șȗȘȈȊȓȦșȤ — Ȑ șȗȐȟȒȈ ȐȏȊȐȊȈȧșȤ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ ȖȚȓȍȚȍȓȈ Ȓ ȗȖȘȖȋț
ǿȈȔȈȕ-dzȈȓ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ ȌȈȎȍ Ȍȓȧ șȣȕȈ ȗȍȘȍȔȍȕȐȓ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȐȦ Ȗȕ ȕȈ-
ȕȧȓșȧ Ȓ șȊȖȍȔț ȏȍȔȓȧȒț ǵȈȘț — ȉȖȋȈȚȖȔț șȈȌȖȊȖȌț Ȑ ȘȈȏȕȖșȐȓ ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕȞȈȔ
ȉȓȍȌȕȖ-ȗȈȓȍȊȣȍ ȟȈȑȕȣȍ ȘȖȏȣ ȧȘȒȖ-ȒȘȈșȖȟȕȣȍ ȈȘȖȔȈȚȕȣȍ ȖȘȝȐȌȍȐ ȓȐȓȍȑȕȣȍ
ȚțȉȍȘȖȏȣ ȔȖȝȕȈȚȣȍ ȝȘȐȏȈȕȚȍȔȣ ȕȍȎȕȣȍ ȔȈȋȕȖȓȐȐ Ȑ șȈȔȣȍ ȗȘȐȟțȌȓȐȊȣȍ ȌȐ-
ȒȖȊȐȕȕȣȍ ȞȊȍȚȣ
ǯȈȔȍȚȕȈȧ ȜȐȋțȘȈ ȊȣșȖȒȖȋȖ șțȝȖȋȖ ȒȖȘȐȟȕȍȊȖȋȖ ǿȈȔȈȕȈ-ȞȊȍȚȖȕȖȠȐ ȗȘȐ-
ȔȍȓȤȒȈȓȈșȤ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐȔ șȚȘȍȓȒȈȔ ȗȖȓȐșȔȍȕȈȔ-șȐȒȝȈȔ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȉȍșȗȘȍȗȧȚșȋȊȍȕ-
ȕȖ ȗȘȖȗțșȒȈȓȐ ȊȖ ȌȊȖȘȞȣ ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕȞȍȊ
ǵȖȊȈȧ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȐȧ ǿȈȔȈȕȈ ȕȍ ȖȚȚȖȓȒȕțȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȖȚ ȏȔȍȑ ǵȍȘȍȌȒȖ ȏȈȒȖȕȟȐȊ
ȚȘțȌȖȊȖȑ ȌȍȕȤ Ȗȕ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȓșȧ Ȋ șȊȖȦ ȗȖȌȏȍȔȕțȦ ȓȈȟțȋț ȘȈșșȚȐȓȈȓ ȞȐȕȖȊȖȟ-
ȕȣȑ ȒȖȊȍȘ ȊȣȕȐȔȈȓ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȗȈȏțȝȐ șȊȐșȚȧȡțȦ ©ȊȖȓȠȍȉȕțȦª ȌțȌȖȟȒț Ȑ ȗȘȐȕȐ-
ȔȈȓșȧ ȏȈ șȊȖȍ ȓȦȉȐȔȖȍ ȏȈȕȧȚȐȍ ǯȈȒȓȐȕȈȚȍȓȤ ȏȔȍȑ ȕȈȐȋȘȣȊȈȓ ȕȈ ȌțȌȖȟȒȍ ȔȖ-
ȕȖȚȖȕȕȣȍ ȎȈȓȖȉȕȣȍ ȔȍȓȖȌȐȐ ȏȔȍȐ ȊȣȗȖȓȏȈȓȐ Ȑȏ ȒȖȘȏȐȕȣ ȊȣȚȧȋȐȊȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈ
șȗȐȘȈȓȤȕȖ șȊȐȚȣȝ ȝȊȖșȚȈȝ ȐȏȊȐȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȗȓȧșȈȓȐ ȋȐȉȒȐȔȐ ȚȍȓȈȔȐ Ȋ ȚȈȒȚ
ȔȍȓȖȌȐȐ
ǿȈȔȈȕ ȉȓȐȏȒȖ ȖȉȡȈȓșȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȖ ȏȔȍȧȔȐ Ƕȕ ȍȡȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȏȈȔȒȕțȓșȧ Ȋ șȍ-
ȉȍ Ȑ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȗȖ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒț Ȍȕȍȑ ȒȘȧȌț ȕȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȖșȐȓ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ șȓȖȊȈ ȌȈȎȍ ș
ȓȦȉȐȔȣȔ șȣȕȖȔ Ǫ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȧȊȐȓșȧ ȍȡȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȧȘȒȐȑ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȔȍȚȈȓȓȐȟȍ-
șȒȐȑ ȉȓȍșȒ ȉȣȓȖ ȎțȚȒȖ Ȑ ȕȍȓȖȊȒȖ șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ Ȋ ȥȚȐ ȉȖȓȤȠțȡȐȍ ȋȖȘȧȡȐȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ
5 ǷǶǬ ǷǶDzǸǶǪǶǴ ǾǪǭǺǶǪ
ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ǿȈȔȈȕ-dzȈȓ ȊȣȠȍȓ Ȑȏ ȓȈȟțȋȐ Ȋ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȕȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ǿȍȘȕȣȑ ȊȍȟȍȘ
ȔȐȕțȧ șțȔȍȘȒȐ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ șȔȍȕȐȓ ȌȍȕȤ
ǵȈ ȜȐȖȓȍȚȖȊȖȔ ȚȦȘȉȈȕȍ ǿȈȔȈȕȈ șȚȖȧȓȈ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȈȧ ȒȖȘȏȐȕȈ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȈȧ șȊȍȘȝț
ȞȊȍȚȈȔȐ ǵȖ ȓȐȞț Ȑ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȕȣȔ ȘțȒȈȔ ȊȣȚȧȕțȚȣȔ ȊȊȍȘȝ — Ȓ ȒȖȘȏȐȕȍ ȕȈȉ-
ȓȦȌȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȔȖȋ ȉȣ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȚȤ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕțȦ ȚȧȎȍșȚȤ Ȍȓȧ ȒȖȘȏȐȕȣ ș
ȞȊȍȚȈȔȐ
ǿȈȔȈȕ țȊȍȘȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȖȠȍȓ Ȋ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒțȦ ȟȈșȚȤ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ
ǹȚȘȈȎȈ ț ȊȖȘȖȚ ȖșȖȉȕȧȒȈ ȔȐșȚȍȘȈ ǷȍȘȒȐȕșȈ — ȓȦȉȐȚȍȓȧ Ȑ ȏȕȈȚȖȒȈ ȥȒȏȖ-
ȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȖȘȝȐȌȍȑ — ȗȖ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȐȦ ȉȍșȗȘȍȗȧȚșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȖȗțșȚȐȓȈ ȏȈȊșȍȋȌȈȚȈȧ
ȊȣșȖȒȖȋȖ ȞȊȍȚȖȕȖȠț Ȋ șȈȌ ȖȒȘțȎȈȦȡȐȑ ȔȘȈȔȖȘȕȣȑ ȖșȖȉȕȧȒ

214
ǶȚȖȑȌȧ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȤ ȗȖȌșȚȘȐȎȍȕȕȖȋȖ șȈȌȈ ǿȈȔȈȕ ȊȌȘțȋ ȓȖȊȒȐȔ ȗȘȣȎȒȖȔ ȖȚ-
șȒȖȟȐȓ Ȋ ȉȖȒȖȊțȦ ȈȓȓȍȦ Ȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖ-ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȘȖȕȐȒ Ȋ șȈȔȣȑ ȚȍȔȕȣȑ țȋȖȓȖȒ șȈ-
ȌȈ ǯȌȍșȤ Ȗȕ ȉȍȘȍȎȕȖ țȓȖȎȐȓ șȊȖȦ ȞȊȍȚȖȟȕțȦ ȕȖȠț ȏȈ ȘȖȏȖȊȣȔȐ ȒțșȚȈȔȐ ȗȖȌ
ȖȋȘȈȌȖȑ
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȐȕțȚ ȐȕȌȐȍȞ șȕȖȊȈ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȓ ȔȐȔȖ șȚȘȈȎȐ
șȚȖȧȊȠȍȑ ț ȊȖȘȖȚ ȕȖ țȎȍ ș ȗțșȚȣȔȐ ȘțȒȈȔȐ
ǿȈȔȈȕ ȖȉȖȠȍȓ ȊȣșȖȒțȦ ȖȋȘȈȌț șȊȍȘȕțȓ ȏȈ țȋȖȓ Ȑ șȒȘȣȓșȧ Ȑȏ ȗȖȓȧ ȏȘȍȕȐȧ
ȊȖȖȘțȎȍȕȕȣȝ ȗȘȐȊȘȈȚȕȐȒȖȊ.
ǪȌȘțȋ Ȗȕ ȒȘțȚȖ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓșȧ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ǷȘȣȎȖȒ Ȑ ȊȔȐȋ șȓȖȊ-
ȕȖ ȦȕȖȠȈ ǿȈȔȈȕ ȓȍȋȒȖ ȗȍȘȍȓȍȚȍȓ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȊȣșȖȒțȦ ȖȚȘȈȌț Ȋ șȈȌ ȔȐșȚȍȘȈ ǷȍȘ-
ȒȐȕșȈ
ǰȕȌȐȍȞ ȗȘȖȉȘȈȓșȧ Ȓ ȘȖȏȖȊȣȔ ȒțșȚȈȔ ȗȘȐȒȖȘȕțȓ ȕȈ ȒȖȘȚȖȟȒȈȝ ȊȖȏȓȍ ȒȖȘ-
ȏȐȕȣ ș ȞȊȍȚȈȔȐ Ȑ ȏȈșȚȣȓ Ȋ ȥȚȖȑ ȗȖȏȍ ȕȈ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȈșȖȊ
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȒȖȓȖȒȖȓ ȉȓȐȎȈȑȠȍȑ ȞȍȘȒȊȐ șȊ ǷȈȊȓȈ ȖȚșȟȐȚȈȓ ȗȖȓȕȖȟȤ ǿȈ-
ȔȈȕ ȊșȚȘȍȗȍȕțȓșȧ ȊȏȊȈȓȐȓ ȕȈ ȗȓȍȟȖ șȊȖȦ ȞȊȍȚȖȟȕțȦ ȕȖȠț Ȑ ȕȍșȓȣȠȕȖȑ ȒȖ-
ȠȈȟȤȍȑ ȗȖȝȖȌȒȖȑ ȗȘȖșȒȖȟȐȓ Ȓ ȖșȖȉȕȧȒț ȔȐșȚȍȘȈ ǷȍȘȒȐȕșȈ
ǾȊȍȚȖȕȖȠȈ ȖȚȓȐȟȕȖ ȐȏțȟȐȓ ȘȈșȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ȒȖȔȕȈȚ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȊșȍȋȌȈȠȕȍȋȖ ȗȖ-
ȒțȗȈȚȍȓȧ ǵȖ ȕȍȓȍȋȒȖ ȉȣȓȖ ș ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȚȧȎȍȓȖȑ ȒȖȘȏȐȕȖȑ ȗȘȖȉȘȈȚȤșȧ Ȓ ȉȖȒȖ-
ȊȖȔț ȖȒȕț ȊȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȥȚȈȎȈ ȋȌȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓȈșȤ șȗȈȓȤȕȧ ȗȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒȈ
Ǫșȍ Ȏȍ ȓȖȊȒȐȑ ǿȈȔȈȕ ȊȔȐȋ ȘȈșȒȘțȚȐȓ ȊȍȘȍȊȖȟȕȣȑ ȗȖȧș ȏȔȍȍȓȖȊȈ ȗȍȘȍȒȐ-
ȕțȓ ȍȋȖ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȊȖȌȖșȚȖȟȕȣȑ ȎȍȓȖȉ Ȑ Ȋ ȔȐȕțȚț-ȌȘțȋțȦ Ȗȕ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȕȣȔ ȗțȚȍȔ Ȋ
ȖȒȕȖ ©ȌȖșȚȈȊȓȧȓª ȔȐșȚȍȘț ǷȍȘȒȐȕșț ȍȋȖ ȐȏȓȦȉȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȖȘȝȐȌȍȐ
ǪȔȍșȚȍ ș ȞȊȍȚȈȔȐ Ȑȏ ȒȖȘȏȐȕȣ Ȋ șȗȈȓȤȕȦ șȗȧȡȍȋȖ ȗȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒȈ ȗȖșȣȗȈȓȐșȤ
ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȋȐȉȒȐȍ ȠțȘȠȈȡȐȍ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚȣ
ǹȗȖȓȏȈȧ ȕȈȏȍȔȤ ǿȈȔȈȕ ȚȡȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȐȒȘȣȓ ȖȒȕȖ ȕȈȘțȠȐȊ ȖȉȣȟȈȑ ȔȐș-
ȚȍȘȈ ǷȍȘȒȐȕșȈ șȗȈȚȤ ș ȖȚȒȘȣȚȣȔ ȕȈșȚȍȎȤ ȖȒȕȖȔ
 ǴǭǹǺȄ ǿAMǨǵǨ
ǴȐșȚȍȘ ǷȍȘȒȐȕș ȗȍȘȍȌȍȘȕțȓșȧ ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȓ Ȑ ȗȘȖșȕțȓșȧ ȖȚ ȓȍȌȍȕȧȡȍȑ ȉȖȓȐ
Ȋ ȗȘȈȊȖȑ ȘțȒȍ
ǭȔț ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȖȋȓțȠȍȕ ȉȖȓȤȦ DzȘțȎȐȓȈșȤ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ǺȖȠȕȐȓȖ ǷȖ
ȊșȍȔț Țȍȓț ȊȣșȚțȗȈȓȈ ȓȐȗȒȈȧ ȐșȗȈȘȐȕȈ
ǴȐșȚȍȘ ǷȍȘȒȐȕș ȕȍȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȐșȍȓ ȕȈ ȒȘȈȑ ȒȘȖȊȈȚȐ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓ ȗȘȐȊȣȟȕȖ
ȘțȒț Ȓ ȠȚȍȗșȍȓȦ Ȑ ȗȣȠȕȈȧ șȗȈȓȤȕȧ ȗȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒȈ — Ȋ ȊȖșȚȖȟȕȖȔ șȚȐȓȍ — ȖșȊȍ-
ȚȐȓȈșȤ ȔȈȚȖȊȣȔ șȊȍȚȖȔ
ǵȖ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ" ǴȐșȚȍȘ ǷȍȘȒȐȕș ȏȈșȚȣȓ Ȋ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖȑ ȗȖȏȍ ǫȓȈȏȈ ȕȈȓȐȚȣȍ
Ȑ ȘȈșȠȐȘȍȕȕȣȍ țȎȈșȖȔ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȋȖȚȖȊȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȊȣȊȈȓȐȚȤșȧ Ȑȏ ȖȘȉȐȚ Ȑ ȗȖȊȐș-
ȕțȚȤ ȕȈ ȕȐȚȖȟȒȈȝ ȕȍȘȊȖȊ
ǹ ȘȖșȒȖȠȕȖȋȖ șȚȈȘȐȕȕȖȋȖ ȐȚȈȓȤȧȕșȒȖȋȖ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȈ ȖȉȘȈȔȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȖȘȈȕȎȍȊȣȔ
ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȔ ȠȍȓȒȖȔ șȊȐșȈȓȈ șȊȍȚȓȖ-ȠȖȒȖȓȈȌȕȈȧ ȊȐȗȍȘȈ ǺȘȐ ȘȧȌȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȝ

ȟȍȘȕȣȝ șȖ șȊȍȚȓȣȔȐ ȒȖȕȞȈȔȐ ȒȖȓȍȞ ȖȡȍȚȐȕȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȍȍ șȗȐȕȍ
ǷȍȘȒȐȕș ȘȍȏȒȖ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓ ȘțȒț Ȓ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȔț șȚȖȓȐȒț ȟȚȖȉȣ șȝȊȈȚȐȚȤ ȉȘȈț-
ȕȐȕȋ Ȑ ș ȕȈȘȈșȚȈȦȡȐȔ țȎȈșȖȔ ȖȚȌȍȘȕțȓ ȘțȒț ȕȈ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȍȔ ȜȖȕȍ ȒȘȈșȕȖȋȖ
ȓȈȒȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȖȋȖ șȚȖȓȐȒȈ ȐȏȊȐȊȈȓȐșȤ ȌȊȍ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȍ ȌȘȍȊȍșȕȣȍ ȏȔȍȐ
— ǷȠȠȠ-Ƞ-Ƞ
ǷȍȘȒȐȕș ȘȍȏȒȖ ȌȍȘȕțȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ǹ ȗȍȘșȐȌșȒȖȋȖ țȏȖȘȟȈȚȖȋȖ ȔȕȖȋȖȞȊȍȚȕȖȋȖ
ȒȖȊȘȈ ȕȈȌ ȒȘȖȊȈȚȤȦ ȓȈȊȐȘțȧ șȘȍȌȐ ȘȈȏȊȍȠȍȕȕȖȋȖ șȚȈȘȐȕȕȖȋȖ ȖȘțȎȐȧ șȗȖȒȖȑ-
ȕȖ șȗȖȓȏȈȓȈ ȕȈ ȗȖȌțȠȒȐ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȈȧ ȖȘȈȕȎȍȊȈȧ ȒȖȉȘȈ ǶȚȟȍȚȓȐȊȣȍ ©ȖȟȒȐª Ȋȣ-
ȌȍȓȧȓȐșȤ ȉȈȘȝȈȚȐșȚȣȔȐ ȟȍȘȕȣȔȐ ȓȐȕȐȧȔȐ
ǻȒțȠȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȈȓȍȞ șȚȈȓ ȐșșȐȕȧ-șȍȘȣȔ ȖȗțȝȖȓȤ ȖȝȊȈȚȣȊȈȓȈ ȊșȦ ȒȐșȚȤ
ǷȍȘȒȐȕș ȗȖȗȣȚȈȓșȧ ȒȘȐȒȕțȚȤ ȕȖ ȒȘȐȒ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȖșȧȏȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȓȐȗȒȐȑ ȒȖȔ
ȗȘȐȓȐȗ Ȓ ȊȖșȗȈȓȍȕȕȖȔț ȕȨȉț
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȚțȚ ȔȐșȚȍȘ ǷȍȘȒȐȕș ȘȈȏȋȓȧȌȍȓ ȟȚȖ ȗȖ Ȋșȍȑ șȗȈȓȤȕȍ Ȋ ȒȖȊȘȈȝ Ȑȏ ȜȈȘ-
ȜȖȘȖȊȣȝ ȊȈȏ Ȋ ȗȣȠȕȣȝ ȖȘȝȐȌȍȧȝ — ȗȖ ȗȖȓț ȐȏȊȐȊȈȦȚșȧ ȗȖȓȏȈȦȚ ȠȐȗȧȚ ȧȌȖ-
ȊȐȚȣȍ ȋȈȌȣ
Ǫ ȋȖȘȓȍ șșȖȝȓȖșȤ ǴțȟȐȓȈ ȚȍȘȗȒȈȧ ȎȈȎȌȈ ǶȚ ȋȓȈȏ ȘȈșȝȖȌȐȓȐșȤ ȗȍȘȓȈ-
ȔțȚȘȖȊȣȍ ȒȘțȋȐ Ȑ șȒȊȖȏȤ ȥȚȐ ȒȘțȋȐ șȓȖȊȕȖ Ȋ ȉȘȍȌț Ȋ șȈȔȣȝ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȣȝ
ȗȖȏȈȝ — ȐȏȊȐȊȈȦȡȐȍșȧ ȚȈȕȞțȦȡȐȍ ȋȈȌȣ
ǿȚȖ-ȚȖ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖȍ șȒȖȓȤȏȕțȓȖ ȗȖ ȖȉȕȈȎȍȕȕȖȔț ȗȓȍȟț ǰ ȔȐșȚȍȘ ǷȍȘȒȐȕș ȋȘțȏ-
ȕȖ ȋȘȖȝȕțȓșȧ ȕȈ ȚȖȓșȚȣȑ ȒȈȠȔȐȘșȒȐȑ ȒȖȊȍȘ
DzȘȖȊȤ ȎȋȓȈ Ȑ ȓȍȌȍȕȐȓȈ ȚȍȓȖ
ǪȔȍșȚȍ ș ȝȘȐȗȖȔ Ȑȏ ȚȍȓȈ ȖȉȊȐȚȖȋȖ ȏȔȍȧȔȐ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȓȖ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȍ Ȑ ȎȐȏȕȤ
— ©DzȖȔȉȐȕȍȠȍȕª — ȗȖȟȍȔț-ȚȖ ȕȍȒșȚȈȚȐ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȍ șȓȖȊȖ ȊȣșȚțȗȐȓȖ Ȑ
țȊȧȏȓȖ Ȋ ȗȖȚțȝȈȦȡȍȔ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȐ

ǽȞȖșȜȔȓțȖȓ
©ǸǮǸ ȃǼǾǼȆǼ ȀȁȀ ª

ǪȓȈȌȐȊ  șȍȕȚ 
ǪȍȕȍȌȐȒȚ ǩȖȘȡȍȊ-ǴȈȘȚ
DzȈȒ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȚțȚ ǻ ȔȖȘȧ ȕȈ șȒȈȓȈȝ ǺȐȠȤ ȒȈȒȈȧ ǪȖȓȕȣ ȏȈȔȍȘȓȐ DzȈȒ ȊȖȌȣ
ȗȘȖȏȘȈȟȕȣ Ǩ ȚȈȔ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ-ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȕȈ Țȍȝ ȉȍȘȍȋȈȝ șȖȓȕȞȍ șȚȖȐȚ ȚȍȕȤ ȉȘȖșȈȍȚ
ȕȈ ȊȖȌȣ
Ǩ ȕȍȉȖ DzȈȒ ȕȍȎȕȖ ȉȍȋțȚ ȕȈȌ ȋȖȘȈȔȐ ȕȈȌ ȓȍșȖȔ ȚțȟȒȐ ǽȖȓȖȌȕȣȍ ǵȍȚ ȇ
ȓțȟȠȍ șȖȑȌț Ȓ șȈȔȖȔț ȉȍȘȍȋț — ȕȈ ȗȍșȒȍ ȉțȌȍȚ Ȕȧȋȟȍ DzȈȒ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȚțȚ ǪȍȚȍȘ
ȋțȓȧȍȚ ȚȐȝȐȑ ȓȈșȒȖȊȣȑ ȊȍȚȍȘ ǫȐȚȈȘț ȗȖȒȘȖȦ ȗȓȈȡȖȔ ǿȚȖ-ȚȖ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȉȖȓȐȚ
ȚȖȟȕȖ ȔȖȓȟȈȕȤȍ ȖȌȐȕȖȟȍșȚȊȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȣ Ȕȕȍ ǯȈșȕțȚȤ ȉȣ ȏȈȉȣȚȤșȧ
ǿȚȖ ȥȚȖ Ȋ ȊȖȓȕȈȝ ȗȘȖȏȊțȟȈȓȖ" ǰȓȐ ȊȍȚȍȘ ȒȖșȕțȓșȧ șȚȘțȕȣ" ǯȈȟȍȔ ȚȈȒ ȉȖ-
ȓȐȚ ȔȖȍ șȍȘȌȞȍ ǯȈșȕțȚȤ ȉȣ ǯȈȉȣȚȤșȧ
ȅȚȖ șȖȕ ȐȓȐ ȉȘȍȌ" DzȚȖ ȚȘȖȕțȓ șȚȘțȕț" ǹȚȘțȕȈ ȗȘȖȏȊțȟȈȓȈ ȏȈȔȖȓȒȓȈ ǰ
Ȋ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȚȈȒ șȚȈȓȖ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȕȖ ȚȖșȒȓȐȊȖ
ǻȎ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȏȈȝȖȌȐȚ...
DzȚȖ ȚȘȖȕțȓ Ȕȍȕȧ" ǵȍ ȚȘȖȋȈȑȚȍ șȚȘțȕ ǷȍșȕȐ ȕȍ ȕȈȌȖ ǺȊȖȑ ȋȖȓȖș ȧ șȓȣ-
Ƞț ǫȌȍ Țȣ"
DzȈȒ ȊȖȓȕȣ ȉȍșȕțȦȚșȧ ǹȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȊȕȐȏț ȗȖȌ șȒȈȓȈȔȐ ȕȈ ȔȖȘȍ ǹȚȘȈȠȕȖ
ȊȊȍȘȝț — ȕȈȌ ȔȖȘȍȔ ȚțȟȐ ȕȍșțȚșȧ ǪȍȚȍȘ Ȋșȍ ȘȊȍȚ Ȋșȍ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȐȚ ȊȖȓȕțȍȚ
ȊȍȚȍȘ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȑ ǵȍ ȚȘȖȋȈȑȚȍ șȚȘțȕ ǿȚȖ ȏȈ! ȗȍșȕȦ Ȕȕȍ ȊȍȚȍȘ ȗȘȐȕȍș" ǯȕȈ-
ȒȖȔȣȍ ȏȊțȒȐ ȘȖȌȕȣȍ ȌȈȓȍȒȐȍ
DzȚȖ ȚȘȖȕțȓ șȚȘțȕț ǵȍ ȎȋȐȚȍ ȕȍ ȚȘȖȕȤȚȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ǵȍ ȚȘȖȋȈȑȚȍ șȚȘțȕ ǵȍ ȕȈ-
ȌȖ Ȕȕȍ ȗȍșȕȐ ǯȈȟȍȔ ȚȈȒ ȉȖȓȐȚ ȔȖȍ șȍȘȌȞȍ ǯȈȉȣȚȤșȧ ȝȖȟț ǯȈșȕțȚȤ ȉȣ

218
ɄɈɆɆȿɇɌȺɊɂɂ
ǪȖ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ ȚȖȔ șȖȉȘȈȕȐȧ șȖȟȐȕȍȕȐȑ Ǫ ǴȈȘȚȈ ȊȒȓȦȟȍȕȣ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣ ȗȖȊȍșȚȐ Ȑ
ȔȐȕȐȈȚȦȘȣ șȖȏȌȈȕȕȣȍ ȊȖ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕȍ -ȝ — ȗȍȘȊȖȑ ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕȍ -ȝ ȋȋ
ǰȏ șȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȑ ȗȖȓȕȖȚȣ ȊȒȓȦȟȍȕȣ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣ Ȑ șȚȐȝȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȧ Ȋ ȗȘȖ-
ȏȍ Ȑȏ șȉȖȘȕȐȒȖȊ - ȋȋ ȊȖȠȍȌȠȐȝ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȚȖȔ
ǴȈȚȍȘȐȈȓ ȚȖȔȈ ȘȈșȗȖȓȖȎȍȕ Ȋ ȝȘȖȕȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȗȖșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ǺȍȒșȚȣ
ȗțȉȓȐȒțȦȚșȧ Ȋ ȕȖȊȖȑ ȖȘȜȖȋȘȈȜȐȐ ș șȖȝȘȈȕȍȕȐȍȔ ȈȊȚȖȘșȒȖȑ ȗțȕȒȚțȈȞȐȐ. ǩȍ-
ȏȖȋȖȊȖȘȖȟȕȖ ȐșȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȣ ȕȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȣȍ ȖȗȍȟȈȚȒȐ ǷȖȌșȚȘȈȕȐȟȕȣȍ ȗȘȐȔ
ȊȖ Ȋșȍȝ ȚȍȒșȚȈȝ ȊȏȧȚȣ Ȑȏ ȗȍȘȊȖȐȏȌȈȕȐȑ
Ǫ ȖȜȖȘȔȓȍȕȐȐ ȖȉȓȖȎȒȐ ȐșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȕ ȖȜȖȘȚ ǮȈȕȈ ǷȓȈșșȍ ȇ ǷȓȈșȍ
 Ȍȓȧ ȒȕȐȋȐ
Ǫ ǴȈȘȚȈ ©ǹȚȘȖȒȐª 

_____
ǫȓȈȏ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǹȐȕȐȑ ȎțȘȕȈȓ  ȹ   ȖȒȚ ȏȈ ȗȖȌȗȐșȤȦ ©ǪȍȕȍȌȐȒȚ Ǵª ǷȖȏȌ-
ȕȍȍ Ȋ șȉ ©ǵȈ ȓȦȉȖȊȕȣȝ ȗȍȘȍȒȘȍșȚȒȈȝ ȗȘȐȟțȌȣª ǽȈȘȉȐȕ 
 ȉȍȏ ȗȖȌȏȈȋ Ȑ
ș ȌȈȚȖȑ ©ǹ-Ƿ-ǩ  ȋª ǺȍȒșȚ ȗȍȟȈȚȈȍȚșȧ ȗȖ ȎțȘȕȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȗțȉȓ
©ȇ ȝȖȟț șȕȍȋȈª
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǪșȍȔȐȘȕȈȧ ȗȈȕȖȘȈȔȈ  ȹ-  ȧȕȊ ǹȘ șȖ șȚȐȝ ©ǯȐȔȣ ȝȖ-
ȟțª Ț I).
...«Minamiya-mate» — ǴȐȕȈȔȐȧȔȈȚȍ ©ǫȖȓȓȈȕȌșȒȐȑ ȝȖȓȔª
 ȘȈȑȖȕ Ȋ ǵȈȋȈșȈ-
ȒȐ ȋȌȍ ȗȖșȓȍ ȖȒȖȕȟȈȕȐȧ ȐȏȖȓȧȞȐȐ ȇȗȖȕȐȐ ȗȘȍȐȔțȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ șȍȓȐȓȐșȤ ȍȊȘȖ-
ȗȍȑȞȣ
ǹȒȓȧȕȒȈ Ǻȧȕ-ȠȐ-ȕȥ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǪșȍȔȐȘȕȈȧ ȗȈȕȖȘȈȔȈ  ȹ-  ȈȗȘ. ȗȖȌ ȗșȍȊȌ ©ǪȍȕȍȌȐȒȚ
ǴȈȘȌª ǰȓȓ ǵ ǵȐȒȖȓȈȍȊșȒȖȋȖ
ǹȖȕ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǪȖȓȕȣ. 1917 ȹ  ȧȕȊȈȘȤ ȗȖȌ ȗșȍȊȌ ©ǪȍȕȍȌȐȒȚ ǴȈȘȌª

219
ǺȖȒȐȑșȒȐȍ ȕȈȉȘȖșȒȐ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǪȍȓȐȒȐȑ ȖȒȍȈȕ  ȹ  ȐȦȕȤ
ǴȈȘȚȍȓȐȐ
ǷțȉȓȐȒțȍȚșȧ ȗȖ ǴȈȘȚ Ǫ ǴȈȘȚȍȓȐȐ ǰșȚȖȘȐȐ ȔȖȍȑ șȔȍȘȚȐ ǩ Ȋ Ȍ >ǪȓȈȌȐȊȖș-
ȚȖȒ @ ǨȘȝȐȊ ǵ ǵ ǴȈȚȊȍȍȊȈ-ǩȖȌȘȖȋȖ ǽDzǴ
 Ǽ  Ȗȗ  Ȍ  Ȓȗ .12777.
DzȖȔȔȍȕȚ șȔ Ȋ Ț I.
ǰȏțȔȘțȌȕȣȍ ȟȍȘȊȐ
ǷțȉȓȐȒțȍȚșȧ ȗȖ ǴȈȘȚ Ǫ ǰȏțȔȘțȌȕȣȍ ȟȍȘȊȐ ǩ Ȋ Ȍ >ǪȓȈȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒ Dz-ȊȖ ©ǽȈȑ-
ȠȐȕ-Ȋȍȑª @ ǨȘȝȐȊ ǵ ǵ ǴȈȚȊȍȍȊȈ-ǩȖȌȘȖȋȖ ǽDzǴ
 Ǽ  Ȗȗ  Ȍ 
DzȖȔȔȍȕȚ șȔ Ȋ Ț I.
ǵȈ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȍ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ dzȍȓȤ  ȹ   ȕȖȧȉȘȧ
ǴȐȕȐȈȚȦȘȈ șȖȖȚȕȖșȐȚșȧ ș ȞȐȒȓȖȔ ©ǿȍȘȕȣȑ ȌȖȔª Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȐȔȍȕȕȖȔ șȉ  ȋ
Ȑ ȗȖșȚȘȖȍȕȈ ȗȖ ȖȉȘȈȏȞț ȒȓȈșșȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȌȍȚșȒȖȑ ©șȚȘȈȠȐȓȒȐª ȊȖșȝȖȌȧȡȍȑ Ȓ
ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȧȔ Ȗ ©ȕȍȗȖȒȖȑȕȣȝª ȒȐȠȈȡȐȝ ȕȍȟȐșȚȤȦ ȌȖȔȈȝ Ȑ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȑ ȗȖ
ȔȍȕȤȠȍȑ ȔȍȘȍ ș ȕȈȟȈȓȈ -ȝ ȋȋ ȍșȓȐ ȕȍ ȘȈȕȍȍ ǴțȝȓȣȕȐȕ 
 ǻ ȗȍȘ-
Ȋȣȝ ȟȐȚȈȚȍȓȍȑ ǴȈȘȚȈ ȉȣȓȖ șȊȍȎȖ ȊȖșȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȍ Ȗ ȊȍȟȍȘȍ ©ǴȖșȒȖȊșȒȖȑ ȊȍȘ-
ȉȣª Ȋ dzǽǶ  ȈȗȘȍȓȧ  ȋ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȌȕȈ Ȑȏ ȒȖȔȕȈȚ ȗȖ ȋȈȏȍȚȕȣȔ șȖȖȉȡȍȕȐȧȔ,
ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȈȓȈ ©ǿȍȘȕȣȑ ȌȖȔª Ȑ ȉȣȓȈ ©ȌȍȒȖȘȐȘȖȊȈȕȈ Ȋ ȔȘȈȟȕȣȝ ȚȖȕȈȝª
DzȈȗȗȈ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ dzȍȓȤ  ȹ  ȗȖȌ ȗșȍȊȌ ©Ǫ ǺȘȈȔª ǰȓȓ ȈȊȚȖȘȈ ȕȐȎȍ Ȋ ȚȍȒșȚȍ
DzȈȗȗȈ Ȋ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȐ Dz ǽȖȒțșȈȧ
. ȼ ɏɄɆ ɚɪɯɢɜ ɇ ɇ Ɇɚɬɜɟɟɜɚ-Ȼɨɞɪɨɝɨ ɮ.
10., Ȗȗ 1., Ȍ 1225, ȓ- Ȓȗ
 ȐȔȍȍȚșȧ ȊȣȘȍȏȒȈ Ȑȏ ȎțȘȕ ș ȒȈȘȈȕ-
ȌȈȠȕȣȔȐ ȗȖȌȗȐșȧȔȐ Ǫ ǴȈȘȚȈ
ȔȖȍȋȖ ȌȘțȋȈ DzȈȕȈȌȈ — ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ Ȗȕ Ȏȍ ©DzȈȕȍȌȈ-șȈȕª ȈȌȘȍșȈȚ ȗȖșȊȧȡȍȕȐȧ
©ǶȉȘȧȌȈ ȕȈ ȗȖȓțȕȖȟȐª — ȟȍȚȊȍȘȚȖȑ Ȑȏ ©ȔȈȘȚȍȓȐȑª ș 
 ǶȉȈ ȚȍȒșȚȈ ȖȚȔȍȚȐȔ,
șȊȧȏȈȕȣ ș ȋȐȉȍȓȤȦ Ȋ ȊȖȌȍ ǭșȓȐ ȗȘȐȉȈȊȐȚȤ Ȓ ȕȐȔ ȘȈșșȒ ©ǯȈ ȋȖȓțȉȣȔ ȚȘȍȗȈȕ-

220
ȋȖȔª Ȑ ȔȐȕȐȈȚȦȘț ©DzȈȒ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȚțȚ ª șȔ ȕȐȎȍ
 șȚȈȕȖȊȐȚșȧ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ Ȗȟȍ-
ȊȐȌȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȊȖȌȕȈȧ  ȔȖȘșȒȈȧ șȚȐȝȐȧ ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȖ ȈșșȖȞȐȐȘȖȊȈȓȈșȤ ț Ǫ ǴȈȘȚȈ ș
ȔȖȚȐȊȈȔȐ țȋȘȖȏȣ Ȑ ȋȐȉȍȓȐ.
ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȕȖȔ DzȈȗȗȈ — DzȈȗȗȈ — ȊȖȌȕȣȑ ȌȍȔȖȕ ȚȘȈȌȐȞȐȖȕȕȖȋȖ ȧȗȖȕșȒȖȋȖ
ȜȖȓȤȒȓȖȘȈ ǶȉȣȟȕȖ ȖȗȐșȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȒȈȒ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȗȖȌȖȉȕȖȍ ȏȍȓȍȕȖȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ ȘȖș-
ȚȖȔ ș ȘȍȉȍȕȒȈ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȖȍ ȟȍȠțȑȒȈȔȐ ȐȓȐ șȓȐȏȤȦ ș ȗȍȘȍȗȖȕȒȈȔȐ ȔȍȎȌț ȗȈȓȤȞȍȊ
ȘțȒ Ȑ ȕȖȋ ȗȖȝȖȎȐȔ ȕȈ ȟȍȘȍȗȈȠȐȑ ȗȈȕȞȐȘȍȔ ȕȈ șȗȐȕȍ Ȑ Ț ȕȈȏ ©ȉȓȦȌȞȍȔª
țȋȓțȉȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȕȈ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ȒȖȚ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȏȈȗȖȓȕȍȕȖ ȊȖȌȖȑ — ȎȐȏȕȍȕ-
ȕȖȑ șȐȓȖȑ ȒȈȗȗȈ ǰȏȊȍșȚȕȣ Ȑ ȔȕȖȋȖȟȐșȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȖȉȓȐȟȐȧ Ȑ ȕȈȐȔȍȕȖȊȈ-
ȕȐȧ ȥȚȖȋȖ șȖȏȌȈȕȐȧ DzȈȗȗȈ ȖȉȐȚȈȍȚ Ȋ ȘȍȒȈȝ ȗȘțȌȈȝ Ȑ ȖȏȍȘȈȝ ȗȖȝȐȡȈȍȚ șȒȖȚ

221
ȒȖȏȕȐ ȒȈȗȗȈ Ȋ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȐ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȊȈȘȤȐȘțȦȚșȧ ȖȚ ȉȍȏȖȉȐȌȕȣȝ ȠȈȓȖșȚȍȑ ȌȖ
șȔȍȘȚȖȕȖșȕȣȝ ȕȈȗȈȌȍȕȐȑ ȕȈ ȒțȗȈȓȤȡȐȒȖȊ ȗȖȝȐȡȍȕȐȑ ȌȍȚȍȑ ȐȏȕȈșȐȓȖȊȈȕȐȑ
ȎȍȕȡȐȕ Ȑ Ț ȗ ǷȖ ȓȍȋȍȕȌȈȔ ȗȤȍȚ ȒȘȖȊȤ șȢȍȌȈȍȚ ȗȍȟȍȕȤ ȐȏȊȓȍȒȈȍȚ Ȑȏ ȈȕțșȈ ȟȍ-
ȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȠȈȘȐȒ ©șȐȘȐȒȖȌȈȔȈª ȗȖȕȐȔȈȍȔȣȑ ȒȈȒ ȊȔȍșȚȐȓȐȡȍ
ȌțȠȐ ȐȓȐ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȑ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖȑ ȖȝȖȚȍ ȗȖșȊȧȡȍȕ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ Ȑȏ ȥșȚȈȔȗȖȊ ǽȖȒțșȈȧ ș
ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȒȈȗȗȈ ȗȖȔȍȡȍȕȕȣȑ ȊȣȠȍ ǹȔ ȚȈȒȎȍ ǯȈȉȐȧȒȖ dzȍȊȟȍȕȒȖ .
ǻȒȘȈȌȍȕȕȈȧ șȔȍȘȚȤ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ©dzȍȓȤª ǪȓȈȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒ
  ȹ  ǹ - ȗȖȌ ȏȈȋȓ ©ǻȒȘȈȌȍȕȕȈȧ șȔȍȘȚȤª
Ȑ ș ȗȖșȊȧȡ ©ǷȖșȊȧȡȈȍȚșȧ Ǩ ǹ dzª ǷțȉȓȐȒțȍȚșȧ ȗȖ ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȖȔț ȐȏȌ ǴȈȘȚ Ǫ
ǻȒȘȈȌȍȕȕȈȧ șȔȍȘȚȤ ǵȈ ȗȍȘȍȒȘȍșȚȒȈȝ șȔȍȘȚȐ [ǽȈȘȉȐȕ]: ©ǹȈȌȈȘȐȒȖª [1921] —
ǨȊȚȖȋȘȈȜȐȒȈ. [Ǫȣȗ III]).
ǵȈ ȥȒȏ ǵ ǵ ǴȈȚȊȍȍȊȈ-ǩȖȌȘȖȋȖ ǽDzǴ ǨȘȝȐȊ ǵ ǵ ǴȈȚȊȍȍȊȈ-ǩȖȌȘȖȋȖ Ǽ  Ȗȗ.
 Ȍ 
 ȖȉȘȍȏȈȕȕȈȧ ȌȈȘșȚȊȍȕȕȈȧ ȕȈȌȗȐșȤ ȈȊȚȖȘȈ  ©I ȕșȚ  ǽȈȘȉȐȕª
dzȈȗȈ ǴȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ
ǷțȉȓȐȒțȍȚșȧ ȗȖ ǴȈȘȚ Ǫ ǺȐȋȘȖȊȤȐ ȟȈȘȣ ǪȓȈȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒ ǰȏȌ ©ǽȈȕ-ȀȐȕ-Ȋȍȑª
[ǺȐȗ ©ȅȝȖª], 1920.
DzȖȔȔȍȕȚ șȔ Ȋ Ț I. ǯȌȍșȤ țȒȈȎȍȔ ȕȈ ȘȈȏȊȐȚȣȍ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȍ ȔȐȜȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȗȘȍȌ-
șȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȧ Ȗ ȚȐȋȘȍ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤ ȏȊȍȘȍȑ ș ȞȈȘșȒȐȔ ȐȍȘȖȋȓȐȜȖȔ Ȋ ȊȐȌȍ ȗȖȓȖșȖȒ
ȕȈ ȓȉț ȊȘȈȋ ȏȓȣȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ Ȑ ȌȍȔȖȕȖȊ ȏȈȡȐȚȕȐȒ ȌȖȉȘȈ Ȑ ȝȘȈȕȐȚȍȓȤ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȤȧ
șȐȔȊȖȓ ȊȖȍȕȕȖȑ ȌȖȉȓȍșȚȐ Ȑ Ț Ȍ ȘȈȊȕȖ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȞȍȕȚȘȈȓȤȕȈȧ ȜȐȋțȘȈ ȔȕȖȋȖȟȐș-
ȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȓȍȋȍȕȌ Ȑ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȑ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȣ Ȑ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȈ ǸȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȍ ȟȈșȚȐ ȚȍȓȈ
ȚȐȋȘȈ — ȒȖȔȗȖȕȍȕȚ ȚȘȈȌȐȞȐȖȕȕȖȑ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȖȑ ȔȍȌȐȞȐȕȣ Ǫ DzȐȚȈȍ ȖȉȐȚȈȓȐ Ȋ
șȊȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȐȉȐȘșȒȐȍ ȈȔțȘșȒȐȍ
 ȉȍȕȋȈȓȤșȒȐȍ Ȑ ȦȎȕȖ-ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȍ ȚȐȋȘȣ ȗȖș-
ȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȠȐȘȖȒȖ șȟȐȚȈȦȚșȧ ȐșȚȘȍȉȓȍȕȕȣȔȐ Ȋ ȌȐȒȖȑ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȍ.
ǬȖȓȋ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȋȖ
ǷțȉȓȐȒțȍȚșȧ ȗȖ ǴȈȘȚ Ǫ ǺȐȋȘȖȊȤȐ ȟȈȘȣ ǪȓȈȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒ ǰȏȌ ©ǽȈȕ-ȀȐȕ-Ȋȍȑª
[ǺȐȗ ©ȅȝȖª], 1920.
DzȖȔȔȍȕȚ. șȔ Ȋ Ț I.
ǸȈșȗȍȟȈȚȈȕȕȣȍ ȚȈȑȕȣ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǶȒȕȖ ǽȈȘȉȐȕ
  ȹ  ȌȍȒȈȉȘȤ ǯȈșȚ. Ȑ ȒȖȕȞ. ȇ ȇȘțȋșȒȖȋȖ-ȅȘțȋȐ

222
ǺȘȐ șȖȓȕȞȈ
ǷțȉȓȐȒțȍȚșȧ ȗȖ ǴȈȘȚ Ǫ ǺȘȐ șȖȓȕȞȈ ǰșȚȖȘȐȐ ȔȖȍȑ șȔȍȘȚȐ [ǽȈȘȉȐȕ]: ©ǹȈȌȈ-
ȘȐȒȖª ȉ ȋ >@ — (ǨȊȚȖȋȘȈȜȐȒȈ >Ǫȣȗ I]) Ǫ ȌȖșȚțȗȕȖȔ ȕȈȔ ȥȒȏ ȐȏȌȈ-
ȕȐȧ ǽDzǴ ǨȘȝȐȊ ǵ ǵ ǴȈȚȊȍȍȊȈ-ǩȖȌȘȖȋȖ Ǽ  Ȗȗ  Ȍ 
 ȗȖȊȘȍȎȌȍȕȣ Ȑ
ȓȐȠȤ ȟȈșȚȐȟȕȖ ȟȐȚȈȦȚșȧ ȌȊȍ șȚȘȖȒȐ
DzȖȔȔȍȕȚ. șȔ Ȋ Ț I.
ǵȈ ȟȍȘȕȖȑ ȕȐȚȒȍ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǪȗȍȘȍȌ ǽȈȘȉȐȕ
 ǽDzǴ Ǽ  Ƕȗ  Ǭ  ǷțȉȓȐȒțȍȚșȧ ȗȖ ǪȍȚȊȤ
2013.
ǷȖȟȚȖȊȈȧ ȔȈȘȒȈ
ǷțȉȓȐȒțȍȚșȧ ȗȖ ǴȈȘȚ Ǫ ǵȈ ȓȦȉȖȊȕȣȝ ȗȍȘȍȒȘȍșȚȒȈȝ ȗȘȐȟțȌȣ ǵȖȊȍȓȓȈ-ȔȐ-
ȕȐȈȚȦȘȈ ǹȚȐȝȐ ǽȈȘȉȐȕ ǰȏȌ ©DzȈȔȍȕȤª. 1922. — (ǬȈȓȤȕȍ-ǪȖșȚȖȟȕȈȧ ȉȐȉȓ-ȒȈ.
ȹ 2). ǷȖȏȌȕȍȍ Ȋ dzȍȕȐȕȋȘȈȌ  ȹ  
  ȔȈȘȚȈ
ǺȐȋȘȖȊȣȑ țș
ǷțȉȓȐȒțȍȚșȧ ȗȖ dzȍȕȐȕȋȘȈȌ  ȹ -18 (32-
  ȖȒȚ
ǸȈșșȒȈȏ ȕȈȗȘȧȔțȦ ȘȈȏȊȐȊȈȍȚ ȚȍȔț ȔȈȋȐȟȍșȒȐȝ șȊȖȑșȚȊ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȝ ȟȈșȚȍȑ Țȍ-
ȓȈ ȚȐȋȘȈ ȏȈȚȘȖȕțȚțȦ Ȋ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȍ ©dzȈȗȈ ǴȐȕ-Ȍȏȣª ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȕȐȒȈȒ ȕȍ ȖȚȔȍȟȍȕ Ȑș-
șȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȧȔȐ ȥȚȖȑ ȚȍȔȣ ǯȈȉȐȧȒȖ ǬȧȉȒȐȕ -148).
ǯȈ ȋȖȓțȉȣȔ ȚȘȍȗȈȕȋȖȔ
ǷțȉȓȐȒțȍȚșȧ ȗȖ ǪșȍȔȐȘȕȣȑ șȓȍȌȖȗȣȚ  ȹ 
ǹȉȖȘȕȐȒ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȖȊ
ǷțȉȓȐȒțȍȚșȧ ȗȖ ǴȈȘȚ-ǴȈȚȊȍȍȊ Ǫ ǵ ǹȉȖȘȕȐȒ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȖȊ ǹ ȘȐșțȕȒȈȔȐ
 Ǵ-dz
ǫȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȐȏȌ-ȊȖ 
Ƕ șȉ șȔ ǯȈȉȐȧȒȖ ǬȧȉȒȐȕ 2013: 150-152.

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ǽțȕ ǿȐȥ-Ȝț
ǯȈȟȐȕ șȖȖȚȕȖșȐȚ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȈșșȒȈȏ ș ©ǬȖȓȋȖȔ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȋȖª 
 Ȑ șȚȐȝ ©ǺȘȐ ȌțȠȐª
 șȔ Ț I).
DzȘȈșȕȣȑ ȗȓȈȚ ȒȐȚȈȧȕȒȐ
Ǻȧȕ-ȠȐ-ȕȥ — ȗȖȝȖȎȍ ȗȘȐȊȈȚȕȈȧ ȠțȚȒȈ ǴȈȘȚȈ ȌȈȊȠȍȋȖ ȔțȎț Ǫȣ-Ȑ ȐȔȧ ȋȍȘȖȧ
șȊȖȍȋȖ ȔȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈ ©ǹȒȓȧȕȒȈ Ǻȧȕ-ȠȐ-ȕȥª  șȔ ș 14).
Ǹȍȟȕȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ©ǬȘțȎȕȣȍ ȘȍȉȧȚȈª  ș ȹ  ǶȚȌȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȐȏȌ ǴȈȘȚ Ǫ [ǵȈ ȚȐȚ
Ǫ ǴȈȘȚ-ǴȈȚȊȍȍȊ@ Ǹȍȟȕȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ ǷȖȊȍșȚȤ Ȍȓȧ ȌȍȚȍȑ Ȑȏ ȉȣȚȈ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖȋȖ
DzȐȚȈȧ Ƕȉȓ Ȑ ȘȐș Ǻ dzȍȉȍȌȍȊȖȑ Ǵ-dz ǴȖȓȖȌȈȧ ȋȊȈȘȌȐȧ  ǷțȉȓȐȒțȍȚșȧ
ȗȖ ȒȕȐȎȕȖȔț ȐȏȌ
ǴȈȓȍȕȤȒȈȧ ȗȘȧȌȐȓȤȡȐȞȈ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ Ȇȕȣȑ ȗȘȖȓȍȚȈȘȐȑ  ȹ  ǽțȌ Ǫ ǴȈȑȏȍȓȐș
Ƕ șȖȚȘțȌȕȐȟȍșȚȊȍ Ǫ ǴȈȘȚȈ Ȋ ȎțȘȕ ©Ȇȕȣȑ ȗȘȖȓȍȚȈȘȐȑª șȔ ȍȋȖ ȗȐșȤȔȈ Ȓ șȣȕț
Ȑȏ șșȣȓȒȐ Ȋ Ț III.
©ǽȐȚȖȒȖȐª
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ Ȇȕȣȑ ȗȘȖȓȍȚȈȘȐȑ  ȹ 
ǴȈȕȟȎțȘșȒȈȧ ȉȣȓȤ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ Ȇȕȣȑ ȗȘȖȓȍȚȈȘȐȑ  ȹ  ǽțȌ Ǩ ǹȐȚȚȈȘȖ
ǬȥȘȥ — ȊȖȌȧȕȈȧ șȊȈȌȤȉȈ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǴȈȘȚ Ǫ ǬȥȘȥ — ȊȖȌȧȕȈȧ șȊȈȌȤȉȈ ǸȈșșȒȈȏ DzȐȍȊ DzȖȔȔțȕȈ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȍȑ

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1932 — ǩȐȉȓ-ȒȈ DzȖȔȔțȕȣ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȍȑ Ǫȣȗ -23). ǷȖȏȌȕȍȍ Ȋ șȖȒȘȈȡȍȕȐȐ ǪȖ-
ȒȘțȋ șȊȍȚȈ  ȹ  ǷȍȟȈȚȈȍȚșȧ ȗȖ ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȖȔț ȐȏȌ ǰȓȓ Ƕ ǪȍȘȍȑșȒȖȋȖ ȊȏȧȚȣ
Ȑȏ ȎțȘȕȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȗțȉȓ Ƕ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȍ șȔ dzȍȊȟȍȕȒȖ 2015.
ǷȘȐȊȖȌȐȔ ȘȍȌȈȒȞȐȖȕȕȖȍ ȗȘȍȌȐșȓȖȊȐȍ Ȓ ȎțȘȕȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȗțȉȓ
ǸȈșșȒȈȏ ǪȍȕȍȌȐȒȚȈ ǴȈȘȚȈ ©ǬȥȘȥ — ȊȖȌȧȕȈȧ șȊȈȌȤȉȈª — ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ Ȋ ȉȍȓȓȍȚ-
ȘȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȜȖȘȔȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚȕȍȑȠȐȑ ȥȚȕȖȋȘȈȜȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȈȓ
Ȗ ȌȘȍȊȕȍȑȠȍȔ ȖȉȣȟȈȍ ȋȖȓȤȌȖȊ — țȔȣȒȈȕȐȐ ȕȍȊȍșȚȣ ȕȈ ȊȖȌȍ
ǸȈșșȒȈȏ ȖȚȕȖșȐȚșȧ ȗȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ Ȓ ȕȈȟȈȓț ȗȍȘȊȖȑ ȗȧȚȐȓȍȚȒȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȑ Ȋ ȚȈȍȎȕȣȝ
ȋȓțȝȐȝ ȊȍȘȝȖȊȤȧȝ ȌȈȓȤȕȍȊȖșȚȖȟȕȣȝ ȘȍȒ ȗȖȧȊȐȓȐșȤ ȘȖșȚȒȐ ȕȖȊȖȑ șȖȊȍȚ-
șȕȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ǵȈȌȖ ȕȍ ȏȈȉȣȊȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ȕȈ ǬȈȓȤȕȍȔ ǪȖșȚȖȒȍ ȌȖȓȤȠȍ
ȟȍȔ ȋȌȍ ȉȣ ȚȖ ȕȐ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȈșȤ ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕșȒȈȧ ȉȖȘȤȉȈ Ȑ ȐȕȚȍȘȊȍȕȞȐȧ
ǬȐȒȐȍ ȊȣȔȐȘȈȦȡȐȍ ȗȓȍȔȍȕȈ ȚțȏȍȔȞȍȊ ǬȖȓȤȕȍȋȖ ǪȖșȚȖȒȈ — ȋȖȓȤȌȣ ȋȐȓȧ-
ȒȐ ȖȘȖȟȖȕȣ țȌȍȝȍȑȞȣ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȌȖ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȖȉȘȍȟȍȕȣ ȕȈ șȈȔțȦ Ȏȍ-
șȚȖȟȈȑȠțȦ ȥȒșȗȓțȈȚȈȞȐȦ ǾȈȘșȒȈȧ ©ȞȐȊȐȓȐȏȈȞȐȧ» ȕȍșȓȈ Ȋ ȚȈȍȎȕțȦ ȋȓțȠȤ
șȗȐȘȚ Ȑ ȊȍȕȍȘȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȐ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ șȖȊȍȚșȒȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȚțȏȍȔȞȣ ǬȈȓȤȕȍ-
ȋȖ ǪȖșȚȖȒȈ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓȐ Ȋșȍ ȗȘȈȊȈ Ȑ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡțȦ ȒțȓȤȚțȘț ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȕȍ ȘȍȌȒȖșȚȤ
ȠȒȖȓȈ ȒȖȓȝȖȏ Ȓȓțȉ ȌȈȎȍ Ȑ Ȋ ȈȔțȘșȒȐȝ ȌȍȉȘȧȝ ǫȖȓȤȌ ȋȐȓȧȒ ȖȘȖȟȖȕ ȕȈȘȧȌț ș
ȘțșșȒȐȔ ȐȓȐ țȒȘȈȐȕșȒȐȔ ȗȍȘȍșȍȓȍȕȞȍȔ șȖȏȕȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ țȟȈșȚȊțȦȚ Ȋ șȖȞȐȈ-
ȓȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȖȔ șȚȘȖȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȍ ȕȈ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȌȈȓȤȕȍȑ ȖȒȘȈȐȕȍ
ǸȈșșȒȈȏ ǪȍȕȍȌȐȒȚȈ ǴȈȘȚȈ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚ ȟȐȚȈȚȍȓȦ ȒțșȖȒ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȘȣȉȈȒȖȊ-
ȖȝȖȚȕȐȒȖȊ ȋȖȓȤȌȖȊ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏ Ȋ ȚȖȚ ȗȍȘȐȖȌ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ-ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȖȉȐȊȈ-
ȓȈșȤ ȕȖȊȈȧ ȎȐȏȕȤ Ȋ șȈȔȣȝ ȖȚȌȈȓȍȕȕȣȝ țȋȖȓȒȈȝ ȚȈȑȋȐ
ɋ ɛɟɪɟɝɚ ɲɚɦɚɧ — ǼȘȈȏȈ ȗȘȖȗțȡȍȕȈ Ȋ ȒȘȈȑȕȍ ȕȍȉȘȍȎȕȖ ȕȈȉȘȈȕȕȖȔ ȒȕȐȎ-
ȕȖȔ ȐȏȌ
ȖȝȖȚȕȐȟȐȑ ȘȣȉȖȓȖȊȕȣȑ ȒȖȓȝȖȏ — Ȋ ȎțȘȕȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȗțȉȓ țȚȖȟȕȍȕȐȍ ©ȘțșșȒȖ-
ȚțȏȍȔȕȣȑ ȖȝȖȚȕȐȟȤȍ-ȘȣȉȖȓȖȊȕȣȑ ȒȖȓȝȖȏª
ȇȌȏȈȧȌ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǪȖȒȘțȋ șȊȍȚȈ  ȹ  ǽțȌ ǵ DzȖȟȍȘȋȐȕ
ǹ ȋȓȈȊȒȐ  ȋȍȘȖȑ ȐȔȍȕțȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȖȘȐȋȐȕȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȗțȉȓ ©ǿȈȔȈȓª ȕȈȔȐ ȊȍȏȌȍ șȖȝ-
ȘȈȕȍȕȖ ȐșȝȖȌȕȖȍ ȕȈȗȐșȈȕȐȍ
DzȈȒ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȚțȚ 
ȅȚȈ ȦȕȖȠȍșȒȈȧ ȔȐȕȐȈȚȦȘȈ Ǫ ǴȈȘȚȈ șȖȝȘȈȕȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȜȖȕȌȍ Ǻ ǯ ǴȈȚȊȍȍȊȖȑ Ȋ
ǷDzǷǩ șțȌȧ ȗȖ ȒȈȘȈȕȌ ȗȖȔȍȚȍ ©ǪȣȗȐșȒȐ Ȑȏ Ȕțȏȍȧ ǨȘșȍȕȤȊȈª ȚȍȒșȚ ȉȣȓ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȗȐșȈȕ ȍȦ Ȑȏ șȍȔȍȑȕȖȋȖ ȘțȒȖȗȐșȕȖȋȖ ȎțȘȕ ©ǴȣșȓȤª

ǩȐȉȓȐȖȋȘȈȜȐȧ
ǪȍȚȊȤ  — dzȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȈ ȘțșșȒȖȋȖ ȏȈȘțȉȍȎȤȧ ǪȖșȚȖȟȕȈȧ ȊȍȚȊȤ ǽȘȍșȚȖȔȈ-
ȚȐȧ Ǻ  ǷȘȖȏȈ ǿ  dz-Ƿ
 ǩȓȈȋȖȊȍȡȍȕșȒ 
ǯȈȉȐȧȒȖ ǬȧȉȒȐȕ  — ǯȈȉȐȧȒȖ Ǩ Ǩ ǬȧȉȒȐȕ ǰ Ǩ ǺȘȈȕșȜȖȘȔȈȞȐȧ șȦȎȍȚȖȊ
ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȖȑ ȔȐȜȖȓȖȋȐȐ Ȋ ȚȊȖȘȟȍșȚȊȍ ȌȈȓȤȕȍȊȖșȚȖȟȕȣȝ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȍȑ - ȋȋ
ǽǽ Ȋ  ǸȍȓȐȋȐȖȊȍȌȍȕȐȍ  ȹ  ǹ -156.
ǯȈȉȐȧȒȖ dzȍȊȟȍȕȒȖ  — ©DzȖȠȔȈȘȕȈȧ ȟțȌȤª ȧȗȖȕșȒȖȋȖ ȉȍșȚȐȈȘȐȧ ǶȉȘȈȏ
DzȈȗȗȈ Ȋ ȘțșșȒȖȑ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȍ ȕȈȟȈȓȈ ǽǽ Ȋ Ǫ ǴȈȘȚ
  ǸȍȓȐȋȐȖȊȍȌȍȕȐȍ 
ȹ  ș -196.
dzȍȊȟȍȕȒȖ  — dzȍȊȟȍȕȒȖ Ǩ Ǩ ǺȘȈȌȐȞȐȖȕȕȈȧ ȒțȓȤȚțȘȈ ȒȖȘȍȕȕȣȝ ȕȈȘȖȌȖȊ
ǬȈȓȤȕȍȋȖ ǪȖșȚȖȒȈ Ȋ ȝțȌȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȔ ȚȊȖȘȟȍșȚȊȍ ǹȊȈȌȍȉȕȣȑ ȖȉȘȧȌ ȋȖȓȤȌȖȊ Ȋ
ȘȈșșȒȈȏȍ Ǫ ǴȈȘȚȈ ©ǬȥȘȥ — ȊȖȌȧȕȈȧ șȊȈȌȤȉȈª  ǸȖșșȐȧ Ȑ DzȐȚȈȑ ǰșȚȖȘȐȧ Ȑ
ȗȍȘșȗȍȒȚȐȊȣ șȖȚȘțȌȕȐȟȍșȚȊȈ ǴȈȚȍȘȐȈȓȣ V ȔȍȎȌțȕȈȘȖȌȕȖȑ ȕȈțȟȕȖ-ȗȘȈȒȚȐ-
ȟȍșȒȖȑ ȒȖȕȜȍȘȍȕȞȐȐ Ǫȣȗ  ǩȓȈȋȖȊȍȡȍȕșȒ ș  ǹ -61.
ǴțȝȓȣȕȐȕ  — ǷȈȘȖȌȐȘȖȊȈȕȐȍ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȝ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȖȊ Ȋ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖȔ Șțș-
șȒȖȔ ȌȍȚșȒȖȔ ȜȖȓȤȒȓȖȘȍ  ǴȐȘ ȌȍȚșȚȊȈ Ȑ ȚȘȈȌȐȞȐȖȕȕȈȧ ȒțȓȤȚțȘȈ ǹȉ ȕȈțȟȕ.
ȚȘțȌȖȊ Ȑ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȈȓȖȊ Ǵ  ǹ -59.

ǼDZǹǮǰǹdzǻǶdz
ǫȓȈȏ ǴȐȕȐȈȚȦȘȈ
7
©ȇ ȝȖȟț șȕȍȋȈª ǸȖȎȌȍșȚȊȍȕșȒȈȧ ȔȐȕȐȈȚȦȘȈ
10
ǹȒȓȧȕȒȈ Ǻȧȕ-ȠȐ-ȕȥ
13
ǹȖȕ ȅȚȦȌ
21
ǺȖȒȐȑșȒȐȍ ȕȈȉȘȖșȒȐ ǰ — Ȗȕ ǷȖȌ ȘȐȚȔ ȌȖȎȌȧ
23
ǴȈȘȚȍȓȐȐ ǰșȚȖȘȐȐ ȔȖȍȑ șȔȍȘȚȐ
26
ǰȏțȔȘțȌȕȣȍ ȟȍȘȊȐ
34
ǵȈ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȍ
41
DzȈȗȗȈ
43
ǻȒȘȈȌȍȕȕȈȧ șȔȍȘȚȤ ǵȈ ȗȍȘȍȒȘȍșȚȒȈȝ șȔȍȘȚȐ
48
dzȈȗȈ ǴȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ
54
ǬȖȓȋ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȋȖ
60
ǸȈșȗȍȟȈȚȈȕȕȣȍ ȚȈȑȕȣ ǴȐȕȐȈȚȦȘȣ
66
ǺȘȐ șȖȓȕȞȈ ǰșȚȖȘȐȐ ȔȖȍȑ șȔȍȘȚȐ
71
ǵȈ ȟȍȘȕȖȑ ȕȐȚȒȍ ȀțȚȒȈ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȐȒȈ
73
ǷȖȟȚȖȊȈȧ ȔȈȘȒȈ ǸȈșșȒȈȏ Ȑȏ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖȑ ȧȗȖȕșȒȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ
77
ǺȐȋȘȖȊȣȑ țș DzȐȚȈȑșȒȐȑ ȘȈșșȒȈȏ
83
ǯȈ ȋȖȓțȉȣȔ ȚȘȍȗȈȕȋȖȔ ǬȈȓȤȕȍȊȖșȚȖȟȕȈȧ ȉȣȓȤ
89
ǹȉȖȘȕȐȒ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȖȊ
ǷȘȍȌȐșȓȖȊȐȍ
107

ǽțȕ ǿȐȥ-Ȝț ǸȈșșȒȈȏ
108
Ǫ ȧȗȖȕșȒȖȔ ȔȍȠȒȍ DzȖȘȍȑșȒȈȧ ȉȣȓȤ
113
DzȘȈșȕȣȑ ȗȓȈȚ ȒȐȚȈȧȕȒȐ DzȐȚȈȑșȒȈȧ ȉȣȓȤ
118
Ǹȍȟȕȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ ǷȖȊȍșȚȤ Ȍȓȧ ȌȍȚȍȑ Ȑȏ ȉȣȚȈ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖȋȖ DzȐȚȈȧ
124
ǴȈȓȍȕȤȒȈȧ ȗȘȧȌȐȓȤȡȐȞȈ DzȐȚȈȑșȒȈȧ ȉȣȓȤ
167
©ǽȐȚȖȒȖȐª
174
ǴȈȕȟȎțȘșȒȈȧ ȉȣȓȤ
179
ǬȥȘȥ — ȊȖȌȧȕȈȧ șȊȈȌȤȉȈ
186
ȇȌȏȈȧȌ
207
ǷȘȐȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ. ©DzȈȒ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȚțȚ ª
216
DzȖȔȔȍȕȚȈȘȐȐ
218

ǵȈșȚȖȧȡȈȧ ȗțȉȓȐȒȈȞȐȧ ȗȘȍșȓȍȌțȍȚ ȐșȒȓȦȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȒțȓȤȚțȘȕȖ-ȖȉȘȈȏȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȞȍȓȐ
Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȘȍȌȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕȈ Ȍȓȧ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȓȐȉȖ ȒȖȔȔȍȘȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȊȖșȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ Ȑ
ȘȈșȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕȍȕȐȧ ȐȏȊȓȍȟȍȕȐȧ ȗȘȐȉȣȓȐ Ȑ Ț ȗ