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"Iu. tooth 1.1 BKJllOyaeT B ce6H 6011bwoe YI-1CJlO npocP .'
. I
lle peAHa3HayeHHbiX AllH peam13aLjI-1I-1 caMblX pa3Hbix '
II" ,:; Cj:M. Bpe3KY). MHorl-1e 1-13' . Ii1CnOllb3YtOTCH
TOllbKI T. rAe OHI-1 He06xOAI-1Mbi (HanpI-1Mep, B npl-1HTepe
6eCCMblClle - a pea '30Bb1BaTb np. uli111b AllH aYAI-10CBH- i
31-1). lJeM 10: b e npOcPl-111eVl pealll-130BaHO B KOHKpeTHOM .
59
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I.
OCHOBHble npocpll1llll1, onpe,QelleHHble Bluetooth SIG:
(ieneric Access Profile ((iAP) npOcpll1llb o6U.\ero ,QoCTyna (onpe,Qe-
llfleT npaBlI1lla YCTaHOBlleHII1f1 coe,QII1HeHII1f1 Me>K.QY YCTpoIi1CTBaMII1).
Serial Port Profile (SPP) npOcpll1llb nOClle,QOBaTellbHoro nopTa
(onpe,QellfleT npaBlI1lla, no KOTOpblM Me>K,Qy ,QBYMfI YCTpoli1CTBaMII1
3MYllll1pyeTcfI nOClle,QOBaTellbHOe coe,QII1HeHlI1e).
Service Discovery Application Profile (SOAP) npOcpll1llb o6Hapy-
>KeHII1f1 npe,QllaraeMblX YCTpOIi1CTBOM YCllyr.
(ieneric Object Exchange Profile ((iOEP) npOcpll1llb o6U.\ero
Ha3Ha4eHlilfi ,Qllfl o6MeHa o6beKTaMII1.
,Qllfl peallll13a4111111 KOHKpeTHblx npIl11l0>KeHII1111 nepe4111ClleHHbie npo-
cpll1llll1 Heo6xo,QII1MbI, HO He,QOCTaT04HbI. ,Qllfl 3TOro npll1MeHflJOTcfI
,QonOllHII1TellbHble npocpll1llli1 60llee BblCOKoro YPOBHfI:
Cordless Telephone Profile nepeHanpaBllfleT TellecpoHHble Bbl30-
Bbl Ha Bluetooth-YCTpoIllCTBo.
Intercom Profile 06ecne4111BaeT ,QBYCTOPOHHJOJO r01l0CoBYJO CBfl3b
Ma1l0rO pa,QlI1yca ,Qeli1cTBII1f1 Me>K.QY ,QBYMfI Bluetooth-ycrpoIIICTBaMII1.
Dail-up Networking Profile - C?6ecne4l11BaeT CBfl3b Bluetooth-yCT-
poli1CTBa C MO,QeMOM.
Fax Profile I-1cnOllb3yeTcfI .QJlfl 3MYllfl4111111 Mo61111lbHbiM TellecpoHoM
cpaKc-Mo,QeMa B CllY4ae, Kor,Qa TellecpoH coe,QII1HeH 4epe3 Bluetooth
C KOMnbJOTepOM nOllb30BaTellfl.
LAN Access Profile n03BOllfleT C03,QaBaTb He6ollbWII1e 6ecnpoBo,Q-
Hble Intranet-ceTII1, o6be,QII1HflJOU.\lI1e TellecpoHbl 11111111 KOMnbJOTepbl.
Object Push Profile nepe,Qa4a o6beKTa C ,QoCTynHoro cepBepa
K nOllb30BaTellJO 4epe3 Bluetooth (aHa1l0rIl1LJHO ftp).
Headset Profile 6ecnpoBo,QHafi CBfl3b C rapHII1Typoli1, ynpaBllfleMoIII
YCTpOIi1CTBOM C aY,QlI1oBxO,QOM (Mo61111lbHb1M TellecpoHoM).
Handsfree Profile Onpe,QellfleT B3a1l1Mo,Qe1i1CTBlI1e Me>K,Qy ,QBYMfI
YCTpoli1CTBaMII1 (Mo61111lbHblM TellecpoHoM 111 rpoMKoli1 CBfl3bJO).
06eCneLJII1BaeT ,QBYCTopoHHee ,QII1CTaH4I110HHoe ynpaBlleHlI1e.
File Transfer Profile 06ecne4111BaeT nepe,Qa4Y cpali11l0B Me>K,Qy
BI uetooth-YCTpOIIICTBa MII1.
Synchronization Profile - o6ecneLJII1BaeT CII1HXpOHII13a4111JO o6beK-
TOB Me>K.Qy Bluetooth-YCTpoIi1CTBaMII1.
nOllHblli1 cnll1COK npocpll1llelll MO>KHO Hali1TII1 Ha cali1Te SIG -
www.bluetooth.org
60
...
..
,
..
YCTpOtl1CTBe, TeM JlYLJwe 06CTOTIT t:\eJla cera COBMeCTIiIMOCTbtO.
Ot:\HaKO Ka>Kt:\bltl1 peaJllil30BaHHbltl1 npOcPliIJlb - 3TO He TOJlbKO
nOBblweHlile CTOIt1MOCTIii YCTpOtl1CTBa, HO iii t:\onOJlHIiITeJlbHaTi
3at:\aLJa t:\JlTl pa3pa60TLJIiIKa. He 060WJlOCb iii 6e3 Kypbe30B: Ha-
nplilMep, B nepBblx MOt:\eJlTlX TeJlecPoHa Nokia 7650 n0t:\KJltO-
LJeHlI1e rapHIiITypbl 6blJlO BOBce HeB03MO>KHO - B npOTOKOJle
Bluetooth 6blJla peaJllil30BaHa JlIiIWb nepet:\aLJa t:\aHHbIX, HO He
6blJlO aYt:\liIonpocPIiIJletl1.
nepet:\aLJa rOJlOca MO>KeT oCYLljeCTBJlTlTbCTI no Ot:\HOMY 1i13
t:\BYX npocPliIJletl1: Headset IiIJlIiI Handsfree. Headset 06ecneLJIiIBa-
eT MIiIHIiIMaJlbHbltl1 Ha60p cPYHKLjliltl1: YCTaHOBJleHlile CBTl31i1 C TeJle-
cPOHOM, OTBeT Ha BXOt:\TlLljlt1t11 3BOHOK, OKOHLJaHlt1e pa3roBopa,
rOJlOCOBOtl1 Ha60p, 1i13MeHeHlile rpoMKoCTIii iii nepeBot:\ Bbl30Ba
C TeJlecPoHa Ha rapHIiiTYPY. npOcPliIJlb Handsfree K 3TOMY Ha60PY
cPYHKLjliltl1 t:\06aBJlTleT TaKlt1e, KaK nOBTOp nOCJlet:\Hero Ha6paHHo-
ro HOMepa, OTKJlOHeHlile Bxot:\TlLljero Bb130Ba, Yt:\ep>KaHlI1e Bb130-
Ba. Cerot:\HTI MHorlile BblnYCKaeMble M061i1JlbHbie TeJlecPoHbl
111 rapHIiITYpbl not:\t:\ep>KIiIBatOT 06a 3TIiIX npocPlI1JlTl, iii np06JleMbi
C COBMeCTIiIMOCTbtO 06blLJHO He B03Hiii KaeT.
KaK pa60TaeT Bluetooth
Pat:\IiIOCBTI3b Bluetooth OCYLljeCTBJlTleTCTI B ISM-t:\lI1ana30He
(Industry, Science & Medicine), KOTOpbltl1 It1cnOJlb3yeTCTI B pa3-
JlIiILJHblX 6blTOBbiX nplil60pax iii 6ecnpoBot:\HblX CeTTIX (cB060t:\-
Hbltl1 aT Jllt1LjeH31i1pOBaHliiTi t:\liIana30H 2,4-2,48 ffLj). CneKTp
ClilrHaJla cPopMIt1PyeTCTI no MeTot:\Y FHSS (Frequency Hopping
Spread Spectrum - wlilpOKOnOJlOCHbltl1 ClilrHaJl no MeTOt:\Y LJac-
TOTHblX CKaLJKoB). PeaJllil3aLjlilTi FHSS npoCTa, OH 06ecneLJIiIBaeT
YCTOtl1LJIt1BOCTb K wlilpOKOnOJlOCHblM nOMexaM, a 060PYt:\oBa-
Hlile CTOIiiT Het:\oporo.
CamaCHO anroplilTMY FHSS, B Bluetooth HecYLljaTi LJaCTOTa
ClilrHaJla CKaLJK006pa3Ho MeHTleTCTI 1600 pa3 B ceKYHt:\Y (Bcero
Bblt:\eJlTleTCTI 79 pa60LJlilx LJaCTOT, a B .AnoHIiIIiI, cppaHLjlil1ii iii V1cna-
HIiIIiI nOJloca Y>Ke - 23 LJaCTOTHblX KaHaJla). nOCJlet:\oBaTeJlbHOCTb
nepeKJltOLJeHIt1T1 Me>Kt:\Y LJaCTOTaMIii t:\JlTl Ka>Kt:\oro coet:\IiIHeHIiITI
TlBJlTleTCTI nceBt:\oCJlYLJatl1HOtl1 iii 1i13BeCTHa TOJlbKO nepet:\aTLJIiIKY
iii nplileMHIiIKY, KOTopble Ka>Kt:\ble 625 MKC (Ot:\IiIH BpeMeHHOtl1
CJlOT) CIiIHXpOHHO nepeCTpalilBatOTCTI C Ot:\HOtl1 HecYLljetl1 LJaCTO-
Tbl Ha t:\PYrytO. TaKIiIM 06pa30M, eCJlIiI PTlt:\OM pa6OTatOT t:\Pyrlile
napbl "nplileMHIiIK-nepet:\aTLJIiIK", TO OHIii cPaKTIiILJeCKIii He 6Yt:\YT
MeWaTb t:\Pyr t:\Pyry. 3TOT aJlrOplt1TM flBJlTleTCTI TaK>Ke COCTaB-
HOtl1 LJaCTbtO CIt1CTeMbl 3aLljlilTbi KOHcPlilt:\eHLjlilaJlbHOCTII1 nepet:\a-
BaeMOtl1 iii HcPopMaLjIilIil: nepexot:\ npOIiICX0t:\IiIT no nceBt:\OCJlY-
LJatl1HOMY aJlrOplilTMY iii onpet:\eJlTleTCTI OTt:\eJlbHO t:\JlTl Ka>Kt:\oro
coet:\IiIHeHIiITI. nplil nepet:\aLJe LjlilcPPOBblX t:\aHHbIX iii aYt:\IiIOClilrHa-
Jla (64 K61i1T/c B 060lilx HanpaBJleHIiITlx) IiIcnOJlb3YtOTCTI pa3JlIiILJ-
Hble cxeMbl Kot:\liIpoBaHIiITI: aYt:\IiIO-ClilrHaJl He nOBTOpTleTCTI (KaK
npaBIiIJlO), a LjlilcPPOBbie t:\aHHble B CJlYLJae YTeplii naKeTa
IiIHcPopMaLj1il1ii 6Yt:\YT nepet:\aHbl nOBTopHO. De3 nOMeXOYCTOtI1-
LJIiIBOrO KOt:\liIpOBaHIiiTi 3TO 06ecneLJIiIBaeT nepet:\aLJY t:\aHHbIX co
CKOpOCTTlMIii 723,2 K61i1T/c C 06paTHbiM KaHaJlOM 57,6 K6iii T/C,
IiIJlIiI 433,9 K6Ii1T/C B 060lilx HanpaBJleHIiITIx.
Be30naCHaR CBR3:&
Cepbe3HaTi rOJlOBHaTi 60Jlb t:\JlTl pa3pa60TLJIiIKOB - 6e30nac-
HOCTb Bluetooth-coet:\IiIHeHIiITI. HaCTpOtl1Ka 6e30nacHoCTlii nOJl-
.110I1YIIHPHAH MEX.A.HURA. OPUL.A.R MECHANICS. ABrYCT 2005
I
HOCTbtO B03JlO>KeHa Ha nOJlb30BaTeJletl1, a MHorlile 1i13 HIiIX npe-
He6peratOT 3TIiIM 1i13-3a HerpaMOTHOCTIii IiIJlIiI JleHIiI. B JltOt:\HOM
I 06LljeCTBeHHOM MeCTe nOIilCK Bluetooth-ceTetl1 HenpeMeHHO
06HaPY>KIiIT BOKpyr Bac eLlje 5-10 YCTpOtl1CTB (M06Ii1JlbHbIX
TeJlecPoHoB, Kn K iii T.t:\.), C nOJlOBIiIHOtl1 1i13 KOTOpblX MO>KHO
I coet:\IiIHIiITbCTI, a LJaCTb 1i13 HIiIX t:\a>Ke pa3pewaeT nOJlb30BaTbCTI
nOCJle coet:\IiIHeHIiITI BceMIii t:\aHHbIMIiI! A 3TO n03BOJlTleT He
TOJlbKO CKaLJaTb TeJlecPOHHYtO KHlilry iii cPatl1Jlbl, HO iii t:\aeT B03-
MO>KHOCTb, HanplilMep, nOt:\KJltOLJIiITbCTI K IiIHTepHeTY LJepe3
GPRS, nOJlb3YTlCb TeJlecPoHOM cocet:\a.
To, KaK oTpearlilpyeT Baw M061i1Jlb-
H tI1 TeJlecPoH Ha nOIilCKOB tI1 3anpoc
t:\PYroro YCTpOtl1CTBa, 3aBIiICliiT aT Taro,
B KaKOM 1i13 Tpex pe>KIiIMOB OH Haxot:\IiITCTI:
discoverable mode (pe>KIiIM OTKJlIiIKa),
I TeXHO.nOf"MM
limited discoverable mode (pe>KIiIM OrpaHIiILJeHHoro OTKJlIiIKa)
IiIJlIiI non-discoverable mode (pe>KIiIM OTKa3a B OTKJlIiIKe).
B nepBoM CJlYLJae OTBeT 6yt:\eT t:\aH Ha Jlt060tl1 3anpoc, BO
BTOpOM - OTBeT Ha 3anpoc 6yt:\eT t:\aH JlIiIWb nplil c06JltOt:\e-
HIiIIiI onpet:\eJleHHblX OrpaHIiILJIiIBatOLljlilx YCJlOBliltI1. V1, HaKOHeLj,
B TpeTbeM CJlYLJae Baw TeJlecP0H BOBce He OTBeTIiiT Ha noCTY-
nlilBWliltI1 3anpOc. BnpOLJeM, 3TO KaCaeTCTI JlIiIWb 06HapY>Ke-
HIiiTi Bawero Bluetooth-YCTpOtl1CTBa. ECTb eLlje iii napaMeTp,
onpet:\eJlTltOLljliltl1 B03MO>KHOCTb CaMOtl1 YCTaHOBKIiI coet:\IiIHe-
CrryCT5I TbIC5Ili)' JIeT rrOTOMKH KOpOJI5I XapaJIbp;a H3
KOMrraHHH Ericsson 3aMaxHYJIHCb Ha peaJIH3aIJ;HIO
ep;HHoro cra apTa 6ecrrpoBop;HOH CB5I3H Bluetooth
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BLUESNARFING B3nOM Mo61i1nbHOm YCTpolilcTBa, IiIcnonb3YIO'-4Ii1111
YH3BIiIMOCTlii B CIiICTeMe aBTOplil3a41i11i1 C 4enbIO AOCTyna K XpaHH-
'-4eIilCH B HeM IiIHcpopMa41i11i1 (aApeCHOIII KHlilre, cpalllnaM iii T.A.).
BIUETRACKING OTCne>KIiIBaHlile nepeMe'-4eHIiIIII Bluetooth-YCTPolil-
CTBa, a BMeCTe C HIiIM iii em BnaAenb4a_
BLUEBUGGING YnpaBneHlile YY>KIiIM TenecpOHOM nocpeACTBOM OT-
npaBKIiI Ha Hem KOMaHA: n03BOHIiITb, coeAIiIHIiITbCH C IiIHTepHeTOM,
nepecnaTb sms-coo6'-4eHlile IiInlii KOHTaKTbl 1i13 aApeCHOIII KHlilrlil.
DENIAL-OF-SERVICE ATTACKS OBnaAeHlile pecypcaMIii Mo6li1nb-
Hom YCTpolilcTBa, AenalO'-4ee em HeAoCTynHblM AnH nonb30BaTenH
(TO eCTb cpaKTliIyeCKIii OTKa3 YCTpolilcTBa OT pa6oTbI).
HELOMOTO ATaKa 3anlilCblBaeT HY>KHoe xaKepy YCTPOIllCTBO B cnlil-
COK 1i13BeCTHbiX Ha TenecpoH >KepTBbI. 3noYMblwneHHIiIK nonyyaeT
CTaHAapTHbl1ll Ha60p CPYHK41i1Li1, AOCTynHbix C Bawero TenecpoHa.
BLUEJACKING OmpaBneHlile aHOHIiIMHblX
C006'-4eHIilIiI iii APyrlilx o6beKToB (HanpliI-
Mep, Kapn1HoK) Ha TenecpoH, HaXOAH'-4Ii1Ii1-
CH B paAlilyce AelilCTBIiIH Bluetooth iii "OT-
KpblTbllII" K YCTaHoBneHlil1O coeAIiIHeHIiIH.
3TO MO>KHO OTHeCTIii K 6e3061i1AHOMY pa3-
BneyeHI'1IO. Ecnlil BaM nplilwno TaKoe
nocnaHlile - 3aAYMalllTecb, nOyeMY Bbi He
3a'-4Ii1'-4aeTe CBoliI TenecpOH OT YY>Koro
BTOp>KeHIiIH. BnpOyeM, Nokia HeAaBHo
npeAno>Klilna nonb30BaTenHM CBOIiIX Tene-
cpOHOB cne41i1anbHblIII Ha60p CPYHK41i1111 AJlH
3a'-4Ii1TbI OT TaKom "HecaHK4Ii1oHlilpoBaHHo-
ro 3HaKoMCTBa" iii o6MeHa IiIHcpopMa4Ii1eL71,
TeM caMblM nepeBeAH bluejacking 1i13 pa3-
pHAa YH3BI'1MocTelll B pa3pHA oco6eHHoCTelil
CBOIiIX TenecpoHoB.
62
HIiiTi nOCJle 06HaPY>KeHIiITI: eCJlIiI 3TO non-connectable mode
(Het:\oCTynHbltl1 pe>KIiIM), TO YCTaHOBJleHlile coet:\IiIHeHIiI!1 6Yt:\eT
3anpeLljeHO, a B cJlYLJae connectable mode (t:\oCTynHbltl1
pe>KIiIM) Me>Kt:\Y t:\BYMTI YCTpOtl1CTBaMIii HaLJIiIHaeTCTI cornaco-
BaHlile napaMeTpOB coet:\IiIHeHIiITI.
Ka>Kt:\oe YCTpOtl1CTBO IiIMeeT CBOtl1 YHIiIKaJlbHbltl1 48-61i1THbltl1
at:\pec. nplil HaCTpOtl1Ke napaMeTpOB coet:\IiIHeHIiITI YHIiIKaJlbHble
at:\peca t:\BYX YCTpOtl1CTB, a TaK>Ke PIN-KOt:\ (t:\JlTl rapHIiiTYP 3TO
nOCTaBJlTleMbltl1 np01il3Bot:\IiITeJleM Ha60p LjlilcPP, LJaLlje Bcero
0000) IiICnOJlb3YtOTCTI t:\JlTl BblLJIiICJleHIiITI KJltOLJa IiIHIiILjlilaJlIil3a-
Ljlillil, C nOMOLljbtO KOTOpOro npOliIcxot:\IiIT npOLjet:\ypa aYTeHTIiI-
cPliIKaLjlil1ii (on03HaHIiITI) YCTpOtl1CTBa, 3anpaWIiIBatOLljero
coet:\IiIHeHlile. 3aTeM B npOLjeCce YCTaHOBJleHIiI!1 CB!131i1 YCTpOtl1-
CTBa reHeplilpYtOT KJltOLJIiI CBTI3Ii1 iii 06MeHIiIBatOTCTI IiIMIiI, nOCJle
LJero Yt:\aJlTltOT KJltOLJ IiIHIiI LjlilaJl 1i13aLjIilIii. nOCJlet:\HliltI1 3Tan -
BblLJIiICJleHlile KJltOLJa wlilcPpoBaHIiITI, KOTOpbltl1 6Yt:\eT 1i13BeCTeH
TOJlbKO 3TIiIM t:\BYM YCTpOtl1CTBaM, IiIMeHHO OH IiIcnOJlb3yeTCTI
t:\JlTl wlilcPpoBaHIiiTi nepet:\aBaeMblX t:\aHHbIX. Ha 3TOM npOLje-
t:\ypa IiIHIiILjlilaJllil3aLjlillii 3aKaHLJIiIBaeTCTI. nplil nOCJlet:\YtOLljeM
coet:\IiIHeHIiIIiI 3T0tl1 >Ke napbl YCTpOtl1CTB npoLjet:\ypa IiIHIiILjlilaJlIiI-
3aLjlillii 6yt:\eT aHaJlOrIilLJHOtl1, 3a IiICKJltOLJeHlileM nepBoro wara -
BblLJIiICJleHlile KJltOLJa IiIHIiILjlilaJllil3aLjlillii 60JlbWe He nOHat:\O-
6Ii1TCTI, YCTpOtl1CTBa 6yt:\YT on03HaBaTb t:\pyr t:\pyra no CBOIiIM
YHIiIKaJlbHblM at:\pecaM.
)J;LIpLI p;nJl XaKepOB
K CO>KaJleHliltO, t:\blp B 6e30nacHoCTlii Bluetooth nOKa t:\0BOJlbHO
MHOro, a 3TO 6Jlarot:\aTHaTi nOLJBa t:\JlTl xaKepoB. ,Qa>Ke onlilcaH-
HaTi Bblwe npoLjet:\ypa YCTaHOBJleHIiITI iii not:\t:\ep>KaHIiiTi CBTI3Ii1
Me>Kt:\y t:\BYMTI YCTpOtl1CTBaMIii He t:\aeT nOJlHOtl1 rapaHTliI1iI 6e3-
onaCHOCTIii. OWIiI6KIiI B nporpaMMHOM 06ecneLJeHIiIIiI TeJlecPOHOB
n03BOJlTltOT 3JlOYMblWJleHHIiIKY nOJlYLJIiITb nOJlHbltl1 KOHTpOJlb
Hat:\ BaWIiIM TeJlecPOHOM (CM. Bpe3KY).
5e3YCJlOBHO, eCJlIiI nOJlb30BaTeJlb YCTaHaBJlIiIBaeT Het:\OCTyn-
Hbltl1 pe>KIiIM Ka>Kt:\bltl1 pa3, Kort:\a Bluetooth-coet:\IiIHeHlile He
IiIcnOJlb3yeTCTI, BepOTITHOCTb CTaTb >KepTBOtl1 xaKepCKOtl1 aTaKIii
CYLljeCTBeHHO HIiI>Ke. Pa3pa6OTLJIiIKIiI TaK>Ke peKOMeHt:\ytOT ocy-
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l!QXH on 0....... III
'--4eCTBJlTlTb nepBoe nOt:\KJltOLJeHlile Bluetooth-YCTpOtl1CTB B 3Ha-
KOMOtl1 06CTaHOBKe iii B OTCYTCTBlile He>KeJlaTeJlbHoro OKpY>Ke-
HIiIR. Bet:\b nplil nepBOM not:\KJltOLJeHIiIIiI npOIiICX0t:\IiIT OTKpblTbltl1
06MeH t:\aHHbIMIiI, nepeXBaTIiIB KOTopble, xaKep MO>KeT caM
BblLJIiICJlIiITb KJltOLJIiI IiIHIiILjlilaJllil3aLjlillii iii CBR31i1. nplilLJeM, HeCMOT-
pR Ha TO LJTO pat:\IiIYc t:\etl1CTBIiIR Bluetooth-coet:\IiIHeHIiITI Ha
cerOt:\HTlWHliltI1 t:\eHb COCTaBmeT 7-10 M, cYLljeCTByeT xaKep-
CKoe 060PYt:\OBaHlile, n03BOJlTltOLljee B3JlaMbiBaTb TeJlecPOHbl
C paCCTOTlHIiITI 60Jlee 1,5 KM! TaKotl1 "xaKepCKliltI1 60eKoMn-
neKT" COCTOIiiT 1i13 BHeWHe nOXO>Ketl1 Ha CHatl1nepcKYtO BIiIHTOB-
KY LJYBCTBIiITeJlbHOtl1 aHTeHHbl, coet:\IiIHeHHOtl1 C HOYT6YKOM.
BnpoLJeM, KOMnaHIiIIiI, Bxot:\TlLljlile B Bluetooth SIG, He t:\peMJltOT
1-1 Bet:\YT nOCTOTlHHble pa3pa60TKIiI, nplil3BaHHbie 06ecneLJIiITb
6e30naCHOCTb coet:\IiIHeHliltI1.
qTO :n;an!twe?
nporH03bl pa3pa60TLJIiIKOB OTHOCIiITeJlbHO nepcneKTIiIB pa3BIiI-
TIiIR pblHKa Bluetooth-TeJlecPOHOB iii rapHIiiTYP BeCbMa iii BeCb-
Ma OnTliIMIiICTIiILJHbl. IMS Research npOrH03li1pyeT, LJTO B 2005
rot:\Y LJIiICJlO npolil3Bot:\IiIMblX Bluetooth-rapHIiiTYP t:\0CTlilrHeT
28,2 MJlH., a K 2009 rot:\Y YBeJlIiILJIiITCTI t:\o 147 MJlH. '1TO Ka-
caeTCR TeJlecPoHoB co BCTpoeHHblM MOt:\YJleM Bluetooth, TO
O>KIilt:\aeTCTI, LJTO IiIX LJIiICJlO B 2005 rot:\Y npeBblcliiT 131 MJlH.,
a K 2009 t:\OCTlilrHeT 463 MJlH. Y>Ke B 3TOM rot:\Y O>KIilt:\aeTCTI
nOTlBJleHlile Ha pblHKe HOBblX YCTpOtl1CTB C nOt:\t:\ep>KKOtl1 cneLjIil-
, cpliIKaLjliltl1 Bluetooth 2.0 iii CKOpOCTbtO nepet:\aLJIiI t:\aHHbIX t:\o
2,1-3 M61i1T/c (6ecnpoBot:\Hble CTepeoHaywHIiIKIiI iii T.n.).
Ot:\HaKo CTaHt:\apT He JlIiIWeH Het:\oCTaTKOB iii OrpaHIiILJeHliltI1,
YTO CTIiIMYJllilpyeT np01il3BOt:\IiITeJletl1 IiICKaTb HOBbie peWeHIiITI.
XOTTI Bluetooth iii 06ecneLJIiIBaeT B03MO>KHOCTb nOCTpOeHIiITI
nepCOHaJlbHblX 6ecnpoBot:\HblX CeTetl1, HO t:\a>Ke 06eLljaHHbltl1
pOCT nponycKHOtl1 cnOC06HOCTlii t:\0 3 M61i1T/c He rapaHTlilpyeT
KOMcPOPTHOtl1 pa6OTbl, HanplilMep, C MYJlbTIiIMet:\liIa-npIilJlO>Ke-
H IiITiM iii. [J,o Het:\aBHero BpeMeHIiI KaK OCHOBHOtl1 KOHKypeHT
npOTOKOJla Bluetooth paccMaTplilBaJlaCb TeXHOJlOrliiTi WiFi,
npet:\Ha3HaLJeHHaTi t:IJlTl nOCTpOeHIiITI 6ecnpoBot:\HblX JlOKaJlbHblX
CeTetl1: nponycKHaTi cnOC06HOCTb BepcliltI1IEEE802.11a/g t:\OCTIiI-
raeT 54 M6Ii1T/c. Ot:\HaKo 3HepronOTpe6JleHlile LJlilnOB WiFi
cYLljeCTBeHHo Bblwe, LJeM Bluetooth, iii t:\JlTl IiIcnOJlb30BaHliiTi
I B M061i1JlbHbiX YCTpOtl1CTBaX, rt:\e eMKOCTb 6aTapelll TlBJlTleTCTI
>K1iI3HeHHO Ba>KHbIM cPaKTOpOM, OH nJlOXO nplilcnoc06JleH.
A BOT Halil60Jlee cepbe3H0tl1 KOHKypeHLjlil1ii MO>KHO >Kt:\aTb
OT roTOBTlLljerOCTI K BbIXOt:\Y CTaHt:\apTa Wireless USB (WUSB).
3TOT CTaHt:\apT OCHOBaH Ha TeXHOJlOrlil1ii UWB (ultra
wideband - cBepxWlilpOKaTi nOJlOca nponycKaHIiITI), npet:\Ha3-
HaLJeHHOtl1 t:\JlTl 6ecnpoBot:\H0tl1 nepet:\aLJIiI t:\aHHblx Ha pacCToTl-
HIiIR t:\o 3 IiIJlIiI 10 MeTpOB C nponycKHoiil cnOC06HOCTbtO t:\0
480 M6Ii1T/C iii 110 M6/c COOTBeTCTBeHHO. B rpynny Wireless
USB Promoter Group BXOt:\TlT TaKlile KOMnaHIiIIiI, KaK Intel,
Microsoft, Agere Systems, Hewlett Packard, NEe, Philips
Semiconductors iii Samsung, iii B iii to He OHIii 0cPIiILjlilaJlbHO
06"bTlBIiIJlIiI 06 OKOHLJaHliI1iI pa3pa60TKIiI cneLjlilcPliIKaLjlil1ii CTaH-
I AapTa WUSB BepcliIliI 1.0. BnpOLJeM, KOMnaHIiIIiI, Bxot:\TlLljlile
B Bluetooth SIG, TO>Ke npOTlBJlTltOT IiIHTepec K UWB, iii BnOJlHe
B03MO>KHO, LJTO cJlet:\YtOLljlile nOKOJleHIiITI BI uetooth 6Yt:\YT
IiIcnOJlb30BaTb 3TY TeXHOJlOrliitO.
.ABrYCT 2005. OPULAR MECHANIL:.1. nOlIYJIfiPHA.H MEXAHHHA
Pyn!t: HrpyweqH!tIH H HaCTOJlW;HH
TeXHOJlOrliiTi Bluetooth He OrpaHIiILJIiIBaeTCTI TOJlbKO TeJlecPoHHbl-
Mlil iii KOMnbtOTepHblMIii npIilMeHeHIiITlMIiI: cYLljeCTBYtOT iii BeCbMa
HeCTaHt:\apTHble Bluetooth-YCTpOtl1CTBa. HanplilMep, IiIrpyweLJ-
Hbltl1 aBTOM061i1Jlb Sony Ericsson Bluetooth Remote Control CAR-
100, ynpaBJlTleMbltl1 C KJlaBliiaTypbl COTOBOro TeJlecPoHa, IiIJlIiI
KaMepa Ha KOJleCIiIKaX Sony Ericsson ROB-l, nepet:\atOLljaTi 1i1306-
pa>KeHIiITI Ha t:\liIcnJletl1 TeJlecPoHa. KOMnaHIiiTi Nokia cneLjlilaJlbHO
t:\JlTl BJlat:\eJlbLjeB M061i1JlbHbiX TeJlecPoHoB Nokia, OCHaLljeHHblX
cPoToKaMepaMIiI, C03t:\aJla YCTpOtl1CTBO Image Viewer Unit SU-2,
KOTopoe nOt:\KJltOLJaeTCTI K TeJleBIiI30py IiIJlIiI npoeKTopy iii no
npOTOKOJlY Bluetooth CLJIiITblBaeT C TeJlecPoHa cPoTOrpacPliI1iI
iii t:\eMoHCTplilpyeT IiIX Ha 60JlbWOM 3KpaHe.
BnpOLJeM, eCTb iii 60Jlee cepbe3Hbie nplilMeHeHIiIR. POCCliltI1-
CKaTi KOMnaHIiiTi "AJlbTOHIiIKa" pa3pa6aTbiBaeT npoTIiIBoyroH-
Hble CIiICTeMbl, IiICnOJlb3ytOLljlile TeXHOJlOrliitO Bluetooth t:\JlTl
liIt:\eHTlilcPliIKaLjIilIii BJlat:\eJlbLja MaWIiIHbl no era COTOBOMY TeJle-
cj:>OHY. nplil CHTlTIiIIiI MaWIiIHbl C oxpaHbl, a TaK>Ke nOCJle Ka>Kt:\o-
ro OTKpblBaHIiiTi t:\Bepetl1 aBTOM061i1JlTl co CTOpOHbl BOt:\IiITeJlTl
nplil pa60TatOLljeM t:\BlilraTeJle npolilcxot:\IiIT on03HaBaHlile TeJle-
cPoHa, iii eCJlIiI TeJlecPOH He 6Yt:\eT 06HapY>KeH, t:\BlilraTeJlb 6JlO-
KIiIPYeTCTI. TaKIiIM 06pa30M, M061i1JlbHbltl1 TeJlecPOH C Bluetooth
B t:\aHHOM CJlYLJae CJlY>KIiIT YHIiIBepCaJlbHblM "3JleKTpOHHbIM
KJltOLJOM" BJlat:\eJlbLja. A CIiICTeMa RoadSnoop, pa3pa60TaHHaTi
WIiIHHOtl1 KOMnaHliletl1 Noklan Tyres, n03BOJlTleT t:\a>Ke nepet:\a-
BaTb Ha M061i1JlbHbltl1 TeJlecPoH C Bluetooth TeKYLljlile t:\aHHble
a t:\aBJleHIiIIiI B WIiIHax. TaK LJTO B cJlet:\YtOLljliltl1 pa3, cat:\TlCb B CBOtl1
aBTOM06Ii1Jlb, npOBepbTe, He 3a6blJlIiI JlIiI Bbl CBOtl1 M061i1JlbHbltl1
TeJlecPoH. Pa3YMeeTCTI, C TeXHOJlOrliletl1 Bluetooth. 11M
TaTbRHa <PellynoBa
3B0I1IOI..f.M.R BLUETOOTH
BLUETOOTH 1.0 (1999). nepBoe onlilcaHlile HOBoro CTaHAapTa,
cpaKTlilyeCKIii 3TO "npo6HaR BepcIiIR". nepBaR rapHIiiTypa, C npo-
cpliineM Handsfree, nORBnReTCR B HOR6pe 3TOro >Ke roAa.
BLUETOOTH 1.1 (2001). 06HoBneH PRA cYlL\eCTBYIOlL\IiIX npo-
cpliineCi; Ao6aBneHbi HOBbie npocpliinlil, B TOM YliIcne Headset.
BLUETOOTH 1.2 (2003). nonHOCTblO COBMeCTIiIM C 1.1. 1-13MeHe-
HIiIR KacalOTCR ynYYWeHIiIR KayeCTBa CBR31i1. TexHonorlilR aAanTIiIBHoCi
nepeCTpolllKIii yaCTOTbl (AFH) CHIiI>KaeT ypoBeHb B3alilMHblX nOMex,
c03AaBaeMbllll nplil pa60Te pa3nlilYHbiX YCTPOIllCTB B OAHOM Alilana30-
He. Peanlil30BaHa ynYYWeHHaR nepeAaya ronoca, HanpaBneHHaR Ha
nOAaBneHlile WYMOBIii ynYYWeHlile KayeCTBa ronocoBoIII CBmlil.
BLUETOOTH 2.0 (2004). CKOpOCTb nepeAaYIii AaHHblX (EDR) YBe-
nlilyeHa 60nee yeM B 2 pa3a. CHIiI>KeHO 3HepronoTpe6neHlile nplil
coxpaHeHliI1iI AanbHOCTIii CBJUIiI_ ,Qo6aBneH ynpOlL\eHHblCi c4eHaplilCi
MHO>KeCTBeHHoro nOAKnlOyeHIiIR. YnYYWeHa o6pa6oTKa napaMeTpa
BER (yaCTOTa B03HI'1KHOBeHIiIR oWIiI6oK). B 2005 rOAY o>KIiIAaIOTCR
nepBble YCTpoCicTBa, nOAAep>KIiIBalOlL\liIe Bluetooth 2.0.
Ka>K,QaR cneAYIOlL\aR BepcliIR Bluetooth COBMeCTIiIMa co BceMIii npe-
AbIAYlL\IiIMIiI- ,QanbHeCiwlile nnaHbl KacalOTCR ynYYWeHIiIR 6e30nacHo-
CTIii coeAIiIHeHIiIR, ynYLJWeHIiIR c4eHaplileB MHO>KeCTBeHHoro nOA-
KnlOyeHIiIR, YBenlilyeHIiIR MaKCIiIManbHoro Yl'1cna YCTPOIllCTB B OAHOIII
nl'1KOCeTIii C 8 AO 256. O>KIiIAaeTCR, YTO AanbHOCTb CBmlil Bluetooth-
YCTPOIllCTB B 2006 roAY 6YAeT AOBeAeHa AO 100 MeTpoB, a 80%
Mo61i1nbHbiX TenecpoHoB 6YAYT nOAAep>KI'1BaTb 3TY TeXHonorlillO.
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TeXHOJlOrlilfl, npll1MeHfleMafi B aBTO-
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He60JlbWafi rpynna II1H>KeHepOB
3aHII1MaJlaCb pa3pa60TKoli1 nepBblX
B Mlilpe "YMHbIX" KpOCCOBOK, nOJlY-
'-JII1BWII1X Ha3BaHII1e adidas 1. nepBbl1i1
3KCnepll1MeHTanbHblli1 Bapll1aHT 6bln
c,qeJlaH 1113 II1rpywe'-JHblX (B npfiMOM
CMblCJle :noro CJlOBa) 3JleMeHTOB.
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--
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Ma. Ho Mbl npll106peJlll1 B Mara3111Hax
HeCKOJlbKO II1rpyweK, pa306paJlIiI II1X
111 IiICnOJlb30BaJlll1 nOJlY'-JIiIBwlI1ecfI
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penp060Banlii MHO>KeCTBO Bapll1aH-
TOB. HawlI1 nepBble aMOpT1I13a4111-
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nplilH4111ny ,qBOtl1HOro 4I11nIilH,qpa,
iii JlIl1 Wb r,qe-TO K nflTII1,qeCflTOMY
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pOBaTb ,qeIi1CTBII1TeJlbHO Ha,qe>KHYIO
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ABrYCT 2005
I I
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nepet:\ IiIH>KeHepaMIii CTOTlJlIiI He-
CKOJlbKO np06JleM. BO-nepBbIX, HY>KHO
6blJlO Bbl6paTb t:\aTLJIiIK, 06ecneLJIiIBatO-
'--4li1t11 06paTHYtO CBTI3b. OH t:\OJl>KeH 6blJl
nOTpe6JlTlTb COBCeM He60JlbWOe KOJlIiI-
LJeCTBO 3Heprlillil, nOCKOJlbKY KPOCCOB-
KaM npet:\CTORJlO pa60TaTb Ha CTaH-
t:\apTHbiX JlIiITlileBblX 3JleMeHTax 2450,
a IiIX eMKOCTb HeBeJlIiIKa - Bcero 550 MALJ.
"Vlt:\eaJlbHO 6blJlO 6bl ct:\eJlaTb BpeMTI
>K1iI3HIiI 6aTapetl1 cpaBHIiIMblM co BpeMe-
HeM >K1iI3HIiI CaMOtl1 06YBIii. B KaLJeCTBe
>Ke peaJlbHOtl1 LjeJlIiI Mbl nOCTaBIiIJlIiI 3at:\a-
LJY t:\OCTIiILJb 100 LJaCOB", - roBOpliiT Kplil-
CTliiaH ):11i16eHet:\eTTo. Pa3pa60TLJIiIKIiI Bbl-
6paJlIiI t:\aTLJIiIK XOJlJla, pacnOJlO>KIiIB ero
B BepXHetl1 LJaCTIii not:\OWBbl. 3TOT 6ec-
KOHTaKTHbltl1 ceHcop n03BOJlTleT TOLJHO
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MarHIiITHoro nOTOKa B 3aBIiICIiIMOCTlii aT
paCCTOTlHIiITI t:\0 MarHIiITa, pacnOJlO>KeH-
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HA CTAPT!
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iii ABlilraTenlii CHOBa HeHaAonro BKnlOya-
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ryt:\epliiaHa "BHIiIMaHlile, TaHKIiI!", a 1i13 COBeTcKoro YLJe6HIiIKa no
TaKTIiIKe TaHKOBblX LJaCTetl1 1935 rot:\a 1i13t:\aHIiiTi.
npOlil3Bot:\IiIJlaCb B CCCP iii TeXHIiIKa, liIt:\eaJlbHO not:\xot:\TlLljaTi
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. ABrYCT 2005. POPULAR MECHANICS. IIOI1VRHPHAH MEXAHHKA
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opY>KMe
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122 . .. . OPU .;. ABrYCT 2005