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caTOp Ha 180 p, TO eMKOCTb C10 HY>KHO
YBenL--1 L--1Tb .0.082 p.
CHezupee /11.
aaUO Hcmpy mop 03-2021
3
ABTOM06i11nbHblVl YCiliniliTenb
MO HOCTili 34 C Bluetooth
A27805
OUT IN
Bcero 6YJ].eT 6ecnpoBoJ].Hafi CL--1CTeMa
KOMMYHL--1Ka L--1L--1 Bluetooth.
3J].ecb npL--1BoJ].L--1TCfI cxeMa npocTo-
ro YH4, KOTOpblLl1 MO>KeT pa60TaTb
C2 H +
S1 10000uF
GND
+
C1
47uF I
C8
1,OuF
XY-BT-MINI
+
USB
EJ
C9
1,OuF
R
GND
L
TJl<D
CeLl14aC MHOrL--1e aBTont06L--1TenL--1 B MaWL--1He
nonb3YtOTCfI nnaHweTHblML--1 KOMnbtOTepaML--1.
3TO 04eHb YJ].06HO, nOTOMY 4TO nnaHweT -
3TO L--1 cpe.QCTBO Mo6L--1nbH0Ll1 aY.QL--1O L--1 BL--1.Qeo
CBfl3L--1, 3TO L--1 HaBL--1raTOp, L--1 C ero nOMO btO
MO>KHO OnepaTL--1BHO HaLl1TL--1 HY>KHYtO L--1HcpOp-
Ma L--1tO B L--1HTepHeTe.
KpOMe Toro, nnaHweT MO>KeT pa60TaTb KaK
paJ].L--10npL--1eMHL--1K, KaK TeneBL--130p L--1 KaK
npOL--1rpblBaTenb aYJ].L--1O L--1 BL--1J].eo cpaLl1nOB.
Hy BOT, C nocneJ].HL--1M L--1 He 04eHb XopOWO,
nOTOMY 4TO nnaHWeTHblLl1 KOMnbtOTep, B
OCHOBHOM, paCC4L--1TaH Ha pa60TY Ha
HaywHL--1KL--1, a ero BCTpoeHHbie J].L--1HaML--1KL--1
04eHb MaIleHbKL--1e, 111 n03TOMY pa60TatOT
TL--1XO L--1 C BeCbMa OrpaHL--14eHHb1M Ka4eCTBOM
3BY4aHL--1f1. Anfl Toro 4T06bl nnaHWeTHblLl1
KOMnbtOTep enL--1KOM L--1 nonHOCTbtO 3aMeHL--1n
«aBTOMarHL--1Tony» HY>KHO J].onOnHL--1Tb ero
BHeWHL--1M YCL--1nL--1TeneM MO HOCTL--1 H4, C
J].OCTaT04HO Ka4eCTBeHHbIML--1 aKYCTL--14eCKL--1ML--1
CL--1CTeMaML--1. A J].nfl nOJ].a4L--1 CL--1rHana C
nnaHweTa L--1nL--1 cMapTcpoHa Ha YH4 yJ].o6Hee
4
+
C3 L 1 12V
:r 0,22uF -
+ 3
13 3
1
5
6
5.
2 C5
220uF
Ai STA540
12 15
_11
14
6 8- 9
+
C10
47uF I
C7
2201JF
+
Ha pa3BL--1TYtO a KYCTL--14eCKYtO CL--1CTeMY,
COCTOfl YtO 3 4eTbipex C4-B4-aKYCTL--1-
4eCKL--1X CL--1CTeM, L--1 J].BYX H4-aKYCTL--14eCKL--1X
CL--1CTeM. Bnp04eM, KOnL--14eCTBO aKYCTL--14eCKL--1X
CL--1CTeM MO>KeT 6blTb L--1 MeHbwe, HanpL--1Mep,
Bcero J].Be WL--1pOKOnOnOCHble.
CxeMa nOCTpoeHa Ha OJ].HOLl1 ML--1KpOCXeMe
STA540 L--1 MOJ].yne XY-BT-MINI, npeJ].CTaB-
nfltO ero co6oLl1 Bluetooth npL--1eMHL--1K. 3TO
KBaJ].paTHafi ne4aTHafi nnaTa pa3MepaML--1
30x30 MM, Ha KOTOpOLl1 eCTb J].Ba pa3beMa -
USB L--1 noJ]. HaywHL--1KL--1, a TaK >Ke ne4aTHbie
nno aJ].KL--1 J].nfl nOJ].a4L--1 nL--1TaHL--1f1 L--1 J].nfl
BbIXOJ].a H4 cTepeOCL--1rHana, KOTOPblLl1 6YJ].eT
nOJ].aBaTbCfI Ha BXOJ]. YM34 Ha ML--1KpOCXeMe
STA540.
B ML--1KpOCXeMe ST A540 cOJ].ep>KL--1TCfI
4eTbipe YM34, J].Ba L--13 HL--1X npfiMble, J].Ba
L--1HBepTL--1pYtO L--1e. EcnL--1 nOJ].aTb CL--1rHan
OJ].HOBpeMeHHO Ha BXOJ]. npfiMoro L--1 BXOJ].
L--1HBepTL--1pYtO ero YCL--1nL--1Tenfl, TO Me>KJJ.Y
BbIXOJ].aML--1 MO>KHO BKIlt04aTb aKYCTL--14eCKYtO
CL--1CTeMY 6e3 KOHJ].eHcaTopa - 6YJ].eT MOCTO-
aaUO Hcmpy mop 03-2021
Bafl CXeMa. .QOnOnHiI1TenbHO C Ka>l<p.OrO iI13
BblXOAOB 4eTbipeX YH4 MO>KHO CHflTb CiI1rHan
4epe3 KOHAeHcaTop Ha AOnOnHiI1TenbHble
AC, cpeAHe-BblcoK04acToTHble. 4TO 3Aecb iI1
cAenaHo.
Ha CXeMe nil1TaHiI1e iI1 aKYCTiI14eCKiI1e CiI1C-
TeMbl nOKa3aHbi nOAKnt04atO iI1MiI1CfI 4epe3
KIleMMbl OT 1 .0.0 14-111. nil1TaHiI1e 12V nocTY-
naeT Ha 1 iI1 2 KIleMMY. T aKiI1M 06pa30M,
nil1TaHiI1e Ha MiI1KpOcxeMY nocTynaeT
nOCTOflHHO, nOToMY 4TO T04Ka nOAKIlt04eHiI1f1
B3f1Ta Ta, 4TO Anfl nOAKIlt04eHiI1f1 MarHiI1TOIlbl.
4T06bl BKIlt04i11Tb MiI1KpOcxeMY B pa604i11111
pe>KiI1M HY>KHO BKnt04i11Tb S 1, npil1 STOM
3aropaeTCfI iI1HAiI1KaTOpHbl1ll CBeTOAiI10A.
4epe3 3TOT >Ke BblKnt04aTenb nOAaeTcfI
nil1TaHiI1e iI1 Ha Bluetooth MOAynb XY-BT-MINI.
.Qnfl ero nil1TaHiI1f1 Tpe6yeTcfI Hanpfl>KeHiI1e
5V, n03ToMY, nil1TaHiI1e Ha MOAynb XY-BT-
MINI nOAaeTCfI 4epe3 iI1HTerpanbHbl1ll cTa6i11-
nil13aTOp Ha MiI1KpOCXeMe A 1.
CTepeOCiI1rHan C BblXOAa MOAynfi XY -BT -
MINI nocTynaeT Ha BXOAbl YM34 Ha MiI1KpO-
cxeMe A2 4epe3 nO,lJ,CTpOe4Hble pe3i11CTOpbl
R2 iI1 R3. nOACTpoe4Hbie pe3i11CTOpbl HY>KHbl
Anfl npeABapil1TenbHoIII YCTaHoBKiI1 4YBCTBiI1-
TenbHOCTLt1 BXOAOB YH4. A TaK >Ke, Anfl
BbiCTaBneHiI1f1 OnTiI1ManbHOro cTepe06a-
naHca.
BblxoAHafi MO HOCTb no MOCTOBblM
BblXOAaM (KneMMbl 5-6 iI1 9-10) no 24 BT.
no OCTanbHblM BblXOAaM no 12 BT.
COnpOTiI1BneHiI1f1 aKycTiI14ecKiI1x CiI1CTeM He
MeHee 4 OM Ka>l<p.afl.
Bce KOHAeHcaTopbl AOn>KHbl 6blTb Ha
Hanpfl>KeHiI1e He HiI1>Ke iI1CT04HiI1Ka nil1TaHiI1f1.
Hanpfl>KeHiI1e iI1CT04HiI1Ka nil1TaHiI1f1 MO>KeT
6blTb OT 6 .0.0 18V, COOTBeTCTBeHHO iI13Me-
HfleTCfI iI1 BblXOAHas:l MO HOCTb.
MOHTa>K BblnonHeH 6e3 ne4aTHoIII nnaTbl.
MiI1KpOCXeMa 3aKpenneHa Ha MaCCiI1BHOM
paAiI1aTOpe, flBnfltO eMCfI 3aAHelll cTeHKoIII
Kopnyca YH4. 111 MOHTa>K BblnonHeH npfiMO
Ha ee BbIBOAax. 3IleKTpOIlil1TiI14eCKiI1e KOH-
AeHcaTopbl AOnOnHiI1TenbHO 3aKpenneHbi B
Kopnyce C nOMO btO Knefl «MOMeHT».
KaTYw Ka L 1 HaMOTaHa Ha cpeppil1TOBOM
Konb e AiI1aMeTpOM 28 MM, - 30 BiI1TKOB npo-
BOAa n3B 1,0.
Ha nnaHweTe iI1nil1 cMapTcpoHe AaHHoe
YCTpolllcTBo oT06pa>KaeTCfI KaK «XY -BT»,
Aanee Ha>KaTb «nOAKnt04eHiI1e», iI1 nOAKIltO-
4i11Tb TaK >Ke, KaK 6ecnpoBoAHYtO rapHiI1TYPY
iI1nil1 aKycTiI14ecKYtO ciI1cTeMY.
nonu.OB I.
f7umepamypa:
1. AHopeeB C.
KOMnblOmepHblx
SPE200». )/(.
2020 2. cmp. 19.
«Bluetooth B cmapblx
KonOHKax «GENIUS-
PaouOKOHcmpYKmop, NQ8,
ABTOMaT "IeCK VI BblKnlO"IaTenb
yc n Tenfi H4
CxeMa npeAHa3Ha4eHa Anfl aBTOMaTiI1-
4eCKoro BKIlt04eHiI1f1 iI1 Bb1KIlt04eHiI1f1 YHLJ npil1
nOAa4e Ha OAiI1H iI13 ero BXOAOB CiI1rHana. Ee
MO>KHO iI1CnOnb30BaTb Anfl aBTOMaTiI14eCKOro
BKnt04eHiI1f1 YHLJ AOMawHero TeaTpa npil1
nOAa4e Ha BXOA CiI1rHana OT iI1CT04HiI1Ka
CiI1rHana, Hanpil1Mep, OT peCiI1Bepa. .QocTa-
T04HO B3f1Tb CiI1rHan TonbKO C oAHoro iI13
cTepeoKaHanoB. npil1 nocTynneHiI1i11 aYAiI1o-
CiI1rHana Ha BXOA YCTpolllcTBa, YHLJ BKIltO-
4aeTCfI n04TiI1 MOMeHTanbHO. A BOT ero
BbiKIlt04eHiI1e npoil1CXOAiI1T C HeKoTopolll
3aAep>KKOIII nocne npOnaAaHiI1f1 BxoAHoro HLJ
CiI1rHana.
CiI1rHan HLJ C oAHoro iI13
BblXOAOB iI1CT04HiI1Ka CiI1rHana
nocTynaeT Ha YCiI1nil1TenbHbl1ll
KacKaA Ha TpaH3i11CTOpe
VT1. KacKaA nocTpoeH no cxeMe C 06 iI1M
3MiI1TTepOM, pe>KiI1M pa60Tbl, iI1 K03cpcpil1-
iI1eHT YCiI1neHiI1f1 3aAaeTcfI 6a30BbiM pe3i11C-
TOpOM R 1. C BblXOAa KaCKaAa, C KonneKTopa
VT1 YCiI1neHHb11ll CiI1rHan 4epe3 nepexoAHoIII
KOHAeHcaTOp C3 nocTynaeT Ha AeTeKTOp Ha
AiI10Aax VD1 iI1 VD2. npil1 Hanil14i11i11 BXOAHoro
CiI1rHana, Ha BblXOAe 3Toro AeTeKTopa, TO
eCTb, Ha KOHAeHcaTope C4, B03HiI1KaeT
nOCTOflHHoe Hanpfl>KeHiI1e, AOCTaT04Hoe Anfl
OTKpbIBaHiI1s:1 TpaH3i11CTOpa VT2, pa60Ta-
tO ero B Knt04eBOM pe>KiI1Me. TpaH3i11cTOp
OTKpblBaeTCfI iI1 3apfl>KaeT KOHAeHcaTOp C5
n04TiI1 .0.0 Hanpfl>KeHiI1f1 nil1TaHiI1f1.
aaUO Hcmpy mop 03-2021
5
C1 1--1 +
470uF/16V
/
R1* /
220K
BXO,Q +
C2
10uF/16V
Hanpfl>KeHLt1e C KOHJ].eHcaTopa C5 nocTynaeT
Ha 3aTBop noneBoro TpaH3Lt1CTOpa VT3,
KOTOpbl VI OTKpbl BaeTCfI, Lt1 nOJ].aeT TOK Ha
06MOTKY pene K1. KOHTaKTbl pene 3aMblKa-
tOTCfI Lt1 BKIlt04atOT YM34 (nocpeJ].cTBoM
BKnt04eHLt1f1 ero nLt1TaHLt1f1 Lt1nLt1 KaKLt1M-TO
J].PyrLt1M cnoc060M).
nocne Toro KaK nocTynneHLt1e Ha BXOJ].
cxeMbl H4 CLt1rHana OT Lt1CT04HLt1Ka CLt1rHana
npeKpa aeTcfI, TpaH3Lt1CTOp VT2 3aKpblBa-
eTCfI, Lt1 TOK 4epe3 Hero 60nee He nocTynaeT
Ha KOHJ].eHcaTOp C5. 111 3TOT KOHJ].eHcaTop
Ha4Lt1HaeT MeJ].neHHO pa3pfl>KaTbCfI 4epe3
pe3Lt1CTOp R4. Ha HeM Hanpfl>KeHLt1e nnaBHO
CHLt1>KaeTCfI, Lt1 nOHeMHory 3aKpblBaeTCfI TpaH-
3Lt1CTOp VT3. T OK 4epe3 06MOTKY pene K1
CHLt1>KaeTCfI. B KaKOVl-TO MOMeHT 3TOT TOK
4epe3 06MOTKY pene J].OCTLt1raeT Ben Lt14Lt1H bl
MeHee TOKa yJ].ep>KaHLt1f1 ero KOHTaKTOB, Lt1
pene BKnt04aeT YM34. 1Il3-3a 3aJ].ep>KKLt1,
KOTOPYtO J].aeT KOHJ].eHcaTOp C5, YM34
BblKnt04aeTCfI He cpa3Y, npLt1 npeKpa eHLt1Lt1
nocTynneHLt1f1 BXOJ].Horo CLt1rHana. n03TOMY,
YM34 He BblKnt04aeTCfI Lt13-3a naY3 B
3BYKOBOVI nporpaMMe Lt1nLt1 J].pyrLt1X npLt14Lt1H
HenpOJ].on>KLt1TenbHOro nponaJ].aHLt1f1 H4 CLt1r-
Hana, HanpLt1Mep, npLt1 nepeKIlt04eHLt1Lt1
nporpaMM, TpeKoB Lt1 TOMY nOJ].06Hoe.
BpeMfi 3aJ].ep>KKLt1 BbIKIlt04eHLt1f1 YM34
3aBLt1CLt1T OT napaMeTpOB enLt1 C5-R4, ero
MO>KHO 1/13MeHLt1Tb B nt06ytO CTOPOHY
nOJ].60poM napaMeTpoB C5 Lt1nLt1 R4.
4YBcTBLt1TenbHOcTb BXOJ].a MO>KHO Lt13Me-
HLt1Tb HacTpoVlKOVI pe>KLt1Ma pa60Tbi KaCKaJ].a
Ha TpaH3Lt1CTOpe VT1 nOJ].60poM COnpOTLt1Bne-
HLt1f1 pe3Lt1CTOpa R 1. 3J].eCb He HY>KHO
J].06Lt1BaTbCfI OnTLt1ManbHOro, C T04KLt1 3peHLt1f1
aYJ].Lt10TeXHLt1KLt1, pe>KLt1Ma pa60Tbl, - YPOBeHb
Lt1CKa>KeHLt1V1 3Ha4eHLt1f1 He Lt1MeeT HLt1KaKoro.
6
+12V
C4
O,1uF
VD3
--,
f1
BKJl toLleH Vie
YM34
+
---r: C5
---1.J OuF/16V
Ba>KHO BbICTaBLt1Tb TaKoVi pe>KLt1M, npLt1 KOTO-
pOM cxeMa cpa6aTbiBaeT Ha cna6blVi aYJ].Lt10-
CLt1rHan, HO He cpa6aTbiBaeT Ha WYM Lt1 cpOH,
Lt1MetO Lt1V1CfI Ha BbIXOJ].e Lt1CT04HLt1Ka CLt1rHana
BO BpeMfi OTCYTCTBLt1f1 CLt1rHana H4.
TpaH3Lt1CTOpbl KT3102 Lt1 KT3107 MO>KHO
3aMeHLt1Tb nt06blMLt1 CPYHK Lt10HanbHbIMLt1 aHa-
IlOraMLt1 COOTBeTCTBYtO eVl CTPYKTYPbl,
HanpLt1Mep, KT315 Lt1 KT361, BC547 Lt1 BC557,
BC549 Lt1 BC559 Lt1 TOMY nO,lJ,06Hble.
TpaH3Lt1cTOp Kn501 MO>KHO 3aMeHLt1Tb Ha
Kn504, Kn505, 2N7000, 2N7002 Lt1 J].pyrLt1MLt1
aHanOrLt14HbIMLt1. B npLt1H Lt1ne, Ha MeCTe VT3
MO>KHO nOCTaBLt1Tb nt060LII KIlt04eBOVI TpaH-
3Lt1CTOp, noneBOVl, ,lJ,a>Ke, HanpLt1Mep, IRF840,
KOHe4HO, OH Lt136b1T04eH KaK no MaKCLt1Manb-
HOMY Hanpfl>KeHLt1to, TaK Lt1 no MaKCLt1Manb-
HOMY TOKY, HO pa60TaTb B 3TOVI cxeMe 6YJ].eT
Lt1 OH TO>Ke.
Pene K1 - nt060e pene C 06MOTKOVI Ha
12V. MO>KHO Lt1CnOnb30BaTb pene TLt1na KYW-1
OT CTaporo TeneBLt130pa Lt1nLt1 KaKoe- TO
COBpeMeHHoe pene.
A Lt1 OJ]. bl K.Q521 MO>KHO 3aMeHLt1Tb Ha K.Q522,
K.Q103, K.Q102, 1N4148 Lt1 TOMY nOJ].06Hble.
Hana>KLt1BaHLt1e 3aKnt04aeTCfI B YCTaHOBKe
4YBCTBLt1TenbHOCTLt1 pe3Lt1CTOpOM R 1 Lt1
3aJ].ep>KKLt1 BbIKnt04eHLt1f1 pe3Lt1CTOpOM R4,
KOHJ].eHcaTopOM C5.
CxeMa 6blna npOBepeHa Lt1 Ha BLt1J].eOCLt1r-
Han. TO>Ke cpa6aTbiBaeT BnonHe YBepeHHo.
Ho npLt1 pa60Te Ha BLt1J].eOCLt1rHan HaJ].06HOCTLt1
B KaCKaJ].e Ha VT1 HeT, - MO>KHO BLt1J].eOCLt1r-
Han nOJ].aBaTb npfiMO Ha KOHJ].eHcaTOp C3
4epe3 pe3Lt1CTOp COnpOTLt1BneHLt1eM 75 OM.
T aK 4TO ee MO>KHO npLt1cnOC06Lt1Tb Lt1 J].nfl
BKIlt04eHLt1f1 TeneBLt130pa - MOHLt1TOpa.
10pl.JYK H.B.
aaUO Hcmpy mop 03-2021
npOBOAHOVl YAn H Tenb nynbTa
C 60nbW M "I CnOM TO"leK ynpaBneH fI
B 4aCTHOM AOMe n
KBapT pe MO>KeT 6blTb
HeCKOnbKO TeneB 30pOB,
HO CT04H K C rHana B
B Ae CnYTH KOBOrO pec -
Bepa, 4aLl..\e BCerO TOnbKO
OA H. CnYTH KOBbILl! pec -
Bep 06bl4HO MeeT
HeCKOnbKO BbIXOAOB, n
>Ke MO>KHO CnOnb30BaTb
pa3BeTB Tenb, 4T06bl H4-
C rHan C Hero MO>KHO
6blno nOAaBaTb no Ka6e-
nfiM Ha pa3Hbie TeneB -
30pbl, pacnOnO>KeHHble B
pa3HbiX nOMeLl..\eH flX.
OAHaKO >Ke, ynpaBnflTb
peC BepOM MO>KHO TonbKO
3 TOLl! KOMHaTbl, r,lJ,e r-------------------,
OH pacnOnO>KeH, I
nOTOMY 4TO C CTeMa I
.QY Ha IIlK-nY4ax
nOApa3YMeBa:T Ha- I
n 4 e npflMO B ,lJ, -
MOCT Me>KJJ.Y nynb- I
TOM peC BepOM. I
3TO He HOBafi
npo6neMa, Ha CTpa- I
H ax MHor x pa,lJ, O- I
nt06 TenbCK X 3Aa-
H LI! OHa 3aTpar Ba- I
naCb HeOAHOKpaTHO. I
npeAnaran Cb pa3- P c.2.
n 4Hble npOBOAHble L...- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
paA OYAn H Ten nynbTa. 3AeCb npeAna- eMH Ka nOCTpoeH no cxeMe TpaH3 CTOp-
raeTCfI eLl..\e OA H npOBOAHOLl! YAn H Tenb, Horo KIlt04a, a BbIXOA, - ero KonneKTOp.
HTepeCHbILl! TeM. 4TO K HeMY MO>KHO nOA- n03TOMY, H 4ero He MewaeT BblXOAbl
KIlt04 Tb npaKT 4eCK nt060e Kon 4eCTBO HeCKonbK X cpoTonp eMH KoB coeA H Tb
HTerpanbHblX cpoTonp eMH KoB. To eCTb, napannenbHO. Ecn c rHan nynbTa nOAa-
T04eK ynpaBJleH fI MO>KeT 6blTb 04eHb BaTb He Ha HeCKonbKO 3 H X, a TonbKO Ha
MHoro. npOCTO, OT 6nOKa AeT Tpexnpo- OA H, npo6neM H KaK X He B03H KaeT.
BOAHOLl! Ka6enb, K KOTOPOMY B nt060M ero .Qnfl nepeAa4 c rHana nynbT cnonb3yeT
MeCTe MO>KHO nOAKIlt04aTb OAHOT nHble Mnynbcbl, 3anonHeHHbie 60nee BbICOKO-
HTerpanbHble cPOTonp eMH K . 4aCTOTHbIM MnynbcaM , 4aCTOTOLl! 36 Kr .
CxeMa nOKa3aHa Ha p cYHKe 1. C1>OTO- Ho Ha BblXOAe HTerpanbHoro cpoTonp eM-
np eMH K o603Ha4eHbi KaK F1...Fn. OH H Ka MetOTCfI TonbKO H 3K04aCTOTHble
Bce BKIlt04eHbl, cpaKT 4ecK , napannenbHo. Mnynbcbl KOMaHA. Ecn x npocTo 83f1Tb,
.Qeno B TOM, 4TO BblXOA T nOBoro cpOTonp - nOAaTb Ha IIlK-cBeTOA OA H 4ero He nony-
H+
R3 360
"
P c.1.
F1
TSOP1736
H+
C3
1000uF
T
- 5V +
01 K561JlE5
K F1...Fn
t t t
R1 R3 +5V
---rss:r--
C2 .
C3
-1 C1 l!-
i!-
T T
R2! .1 . HL 1
. . :J
. . R4
. 01 .
. . VT1
. . L&1
. . -5V
.
8
aaUO Hcmpy mop 03-2021
7
4Lt1TCfI, nOTOMY 4TO HeT Lt1MnynbcoB «Hecy-
eLII 4aCTOTbl». B J].aHHOLli CXeMe reHepa-
TOpOM Lt1MnynbcoB «Hecy eLII 4aCTOTbl» cny-
>KLt1T MynbTLt1BLt16paTOp Ha aneMeHTax 01.2 Lt1
01.3. OH reHepLt1pyeT Lt1Mnynbcbl 4aCTOTOLli
36 Kr , KOTopble nocTynatOT Ha «MOJ].ynfl-
TOp», pOnb KOToporo II1rpaeT norLt14eCKLt1L11
aneMeHT 01.1. Ha OJ].Lt1H ero BXOJ]. nocTynatOT
Lt1Mnynbcbl 4acToToLli 36 Kr , a Ha J].pyroLli -
Lt1Mnynbcbl nepeJ].a4Lt1 KOMaHJ]. C BbIXOJ].a
cpoTOnpLt1eMHLt1Ka.
KorJ].a CLt1rHan C nynbTa ynpaBneHII1f1 He
nOJ].aeTCfI, Ha BblXOJ].ax cpOTOnpLt1eMHLt1KOB F1
- Fn Knt04Lt1 3aKpblTbl, Lt1 OHLt1 nOJ].TflHYTbl pe-
3Lt1CTOpOM R1 K eJ].Lt1HLt1 e. noaTOMY, KorJ].a
CLt1rHana nynbTa HeT, Ha BbIBOJ].e 9 01.1 -
eJ].Lt1HLt1 a. 3TO aneMeHT «2I1lnlll-HE», noaTO-
MY, Ha ero BbIXOJ].e 6YJ].eT Honb He3aBLt1CLt1MO
OT Toro, KaKOLli YPOBeHb Ha ero BTOpOM
BXOJ].e. 3Ha4Lt1T, TpaH3Lt1CTOp VT1 6YJ].eT
3aKpblT, Lt1 TOK Ha 111 K-cBeToJ].Lt1oJ]. H L 1 nOCTY-
naTb He 6YJ].eT.
npLt1 npLt1eMe KOMaHJ].bl nynbTa Ha BbIXOJ].e
cpOTOnpLt1eMHLt1Ka B03HLt1KatOT Lt1Mnynbcbl. 3TLt1
Lt1Mnynbcbl nocTynatOT Ha OJ].Lt1H BXOJ]. ane-
MeHTa 01.1. Ha ero BTOpOLli BXOJ]. nocTynatOT
Lt1Mnynbcbl 4aCTOTOLli 36 KrU. OT MynbTLt1BLt16-
paTopa Ha 01.2 Lt1 01.3. B pe3ynbTaTe Ha
BbIXOJ].e 01.1 cpOpMLt1PYtOTCfI na4KLt1 Lt1Mnynb-
COB, npeJ].CTaBnfltO Lt1e co60LII KOMaHJ].Hble
Lt1Mnynbcbl, 3anonHeHHbie Lt1MnynbCaMLt1 4ac-
TOTOLII 36 Kr . 3TLt1 Lt1Mnynbcbl nocTynatOT Ha
3aTBOp noneBoro TpaH3Lt1CTOpa VT1. OH Lt1X
YCLt1nLt1BaeT, Lt1 Lt1Mnynbcbl nocTynatOT Ha IIlK-
CBeTOJ].Lt10J]. H L 1. T OK 4epe3 CBeTOJ].Lt10J]. opra-
HLt14eH pe3Lt1CTOpOM R4.
CLt1CTeMa COCTOLt1T Lt13 OCHOBHoro 6nOKa,
co6paHHoro Ha MLt1KpOCXeMe 01, Ka6enfl Lt1
HeKOToporo 4Lt1Cna npLt1eMHblX 6noKoB,
COCTOfl Lt1X TonbKO Lt13 Lt1HTerpanbHblX cpOTO-
npLt1eMHLt1KOB F1-Fn. OCHOBHOLII 6noK pacno-
naraeTCfI B KOMHaTe, rJ].e HaXOJ].Lt1TCfI
peCLt1Bep, TaKLt1M o6pa30M, 4T06bl CLt1rHan OT
ero IIlK-cBeToJ].Lt1oJ].a HL 1 Mor XopOWO npLt1HLt1-
MaTb cpoTOnpLt1eMHLt1K peCLt1Bepa. nLt1TaeTCfI
OCHOBHOLII 6noK Hanpfl>KeHLt1eM 5V. MO>KHO B
Ka4eCTBe Lt1CT04HLt1Ka nLt1TaHLt1f1 Lt1CnOnb30BaTb
cTaHJ].apTHbiLli 6noK 3apflJ].Horo YCTpoLllcTBa
J].nfl COTOBblX TenecpoHoB. Ho y MeHfI
Lt1CT04HLt1KOM nLt1TaHLt1f1 cnY>KLt1T USB-nopT
caMoro peCLt1Bepa. OH n04TLt1 HLt1KorJ].a He
Lt1CnOnb3yeTcfI no Ha3Ha4eHLt1tO. 111 no CLt1ne
TOKa Lt1CT04HLt1Ka 5V J].OCTaT04HO MO HbILII,
8
nOTOMY 4TO npeJ].Ha3Ha4eH J].nfl pa60Tbi He
TonbKO C «cpnaWKaMLt1», HO 111 C BHeWHLt1MII1
J].Lt1CKaMLt1.
MOHTa>K cxeMbl OCHOBHoro 6nOKa Bblnon-
HeH Ha ne4aTHOLli nnaTe, nOKa3aHHOVI Ha
pLt1cYHKe 2. Ha pLt1cYHKe nOKa3aH MaKeT
nnaTbl 111 MOHTa>KHafl cxeMa B HaTypaIlbHYtO
Ben Lt14Lt1HY. nnaTa BblnonHeHa Lt13 cponbrLt1-
pOBaH Horo CTeKnOTeKCTon Lt1Ta
Anfl coeJ].Lt1HeHLt1f1 C cpOTOnpLt1eMHLt1KaMLt1
cnY>KLt1T OJ].Lt1H TpexnpOBOJ].HOLli Ka6enb. 04eHb
yJ].06HO Vlcnonb30BaTb TOHKII1L11 Ka6enb J].nfl
aneKTpOCeTLt1, nOTOMY 4TO B HeM Bce TpLt1
npOBOJ].a pa3Horo BeTa. 3TO He n03BOnLt1T
OWLt16Lt1TbCfI npLt1 nOJ].Knt04eHLt1Lt1 cpOTOnpLt1MHLt1-
KOB.
IIlHTerpanbHble cpOTOnpLt1eMHLt1KLt1 MO>KHO
Lt1CnOnb30BaTb Lt1 J].pyrLt1e aHanOrLt14Hble nOKa-
3aHHbiM Ha cxeMe. CeLll4ac Lt1X BblnYCKaeTCfI
04eHb MHoro pa3HbiX cpLt1pM Lt1 MOJ].eneLli. Ho,
>KenaTenbHO Bce >Ke, 4T06bl Bce cpOTOnpLt1eM-
HLt1KLt1 6blnLt1 OJ].Lt1HaKOBbIMLt1.
111 K-CBeTOJ].Lt10J]. H L 1 TLt1na TSAL4400 MO>KHO
3aMeHLt1Tb npaKTLt14eCKLt1 nt06blM IIlK-cBeTo-
J].Lt10J].OM, npeJ].Ha3Ha4eHHblM J].nfl nynbToB
J].Lt1CTaH Lt10HHOrO ynpaBneHLt1f1.
TpaH3Lt1cTop Kn505 MO>KHO 3aMeHLt1Tb Ha
Kn501, 2N7000, 2N7002 Lt1 aHanOrLt14Hble.
MLt1KpOcxeMY K561nE5 MO>KHO 3aMeHLt1Tb
Ha K176nE5 Lt1nLt1 pa3nLt14Hble 3apy6e>KHble
BapLt1aHTbl «xx4001».
KOHJ].eHcaTopbl C 1 Lt1 C3 J].on>KHbl 6blTb Ha
Hanpfl>KeHLt1e He HLt1>Ke 6V, OnTLt1ManbHO Ha
10V.
Hana>KLt1BaHLt1e 3aKnt04aeTCfI B HacTpoLliKe
MynbTLt1BLt16paTOpa Ha aneMeHTax 01.2 Lt1
01.3 Ha 4acToTY 36 Kr . 3TO MO>KHO CJ].enaTb
npLt1 nOMO Lt1 4aCTOTOMepa. EcnLt1 HeT
4aCTOTOMepa, MO>KHO Bocnonb30BaTbCfI
OJ].HLt1M Lt13 cpoTOnpLt1eMHLt1KOB Lt13 4Lt1Cna F1-Fn.
HY>KHO OTKnt04Lt1Tb ero BbIXOJ]. OT BbIBOJ].a 9
01.1. BbIBOJ]. 9 01.1 coeJ].Lt1HLt1Tb C HyneM. Ha
BbIXOJ]. cpoTOnpLt1eMHLt1Ka nOJ].Knt04Lt1Tb Mynb-
TLt1MeTp. 111 HanpaBLt1Tb ero Ha IIlK-cBeToJ].Lt1oJ].
HL 1. npLt1 HanLt14Lt1Lt1 OnTLt14eCKOVI CBfl3Lt1 Ha
BbIXOJ].e cpoTOnpLt1eMHLt1Ka J].on>KeH 6blTb
Honb, npLt1 OTCYTCTBLt1Lt1 - eJ].Lt1HLt1 a. EcnLt1 aToro
He npOLt1CXOJ].Lt1T, Lt1 Ha BbIXOJ].e cpOTOnpLt1eM-
HLt1Ka BcerJ].a eJ].Lt1HLt1 a, aTO rOBOpLt1T 0 TOM,
4TO MynbTLt1BLt16paTOp pa60TaeT Ha He TOLII
4aCTOTe.
P028HOB /11. B.
aaUO Hcmpy mop 03-2021
cnpaeOLJHUK
MHKpocxeMa - YM34 ST A540
MLt1KpOCXeMa YCLt1-
nLt1Tenfi MO HOCTLt1
34 cpLt1pMbl
ST Microelectronics.
n peAcTaBnfleT c060Ll1
4eTblpexKaHanbHblLl1
YM34 Lt1nLt1 AByxKa-
HanbHblLl1 MOCTOBOLl1
YM34. (3aBLt1CLt1T OT
cxeMbl BKnt04eHLt1f1).
B03MO>KHO Lt1 Tpex-
KaHanbHoe BKnt04e-
HLt1e, KorAa ABa KaHa-
na npeAHa3Ha4eHbi
Anfl C4-B4 Bocnpo-
Lt13BeAeHLt1f1 CTepeo-
CLt1rHana, a OALt1H
MOCTOBOLl1 KaHan Anfl
H4. OCHOBHoe Ha-
3Ha4eHLt1e, - npLt1Me-
HeHLt1e B aBTOMO-
6Lt1nbH0Ll1 aYALt10TeX-
HLt1Ke. IIlMeeTcfI BXOA
Anfl ynpaBneHLt1f1
3Heproc6eperatO Lt1M
pe>KLt1MOM.
MLt1KpOCXeMa BblnonHeHa B
Kopnyce Multiwatt15.
VCC2
13
IN1
4
ST-BY
7
IN2
5
IN3
IN4
11
VCC1
3
A1
OUT1
2
OUT2
15
OUT3
14
OUT4
10 DIAGNOSTICD
6 8 9
SVR P-GND S-GND
HeKOTopble napaMeTpbl
MLt1KpOCxeMbl:
1. ALt1ana30H pa604ero Hanpfl-
>KeHLt1f1 nLt1TaHLt1f1 8.. .22V.
2. MaKCLt1ManbHO AonycTLt1MOe
Hanpfl>KeHLt1e nLt1TaHLt1f1 24V.
3. T OK nOKOfi He 60nee 150mA.
4. MaKCLt1ManbHafi BblXOAHafi
MO HOCTb npLt1 KHIIl 100/0 Ha
4aCTOTe 1 Kr :
- 2x38W Ha HarpY3Ke 4 am, npLt1
Hanpfl>KeHLt1Lt1 nLt1TaHLt1f1 18V
- 2x34W Ha HarpY3Ke 8 am, npLt1
Hanpfl>KeHLt1Lt1 nLt1TaHLt1f1 22V
- 2x24W Ha HarpY3Ke 4 am, npLt1 Hanpfl>Ke-
HLt1Lt1 nLt1TaHLt1f1 14,4 V
- 2x15W Ha HarpY3Ke 8 am, npLt1 Hanpfl>Ke-
HLt1Lt1 nLt1TaHLt1f1 16V
- 4x13W Ha HarpY3Ke 2 am, npLt1 Hanpfl>Ke-
HLt1Lt1 nLt1TaHLt1f1 15V
15 OUT3
14 OUT4
13 VCC2
12 IN3
11 IN4
10 DIAGNOSTICD
9 S-GND
8 P-GND
7 ST-BY
6 SVR
5 IN2
4 IN1
3 VCC1
2 OUT2
OUT1
-$-
-$-
- 4x11W Ha HarpY3Ke 4 am, npLt1 Hanpfl>Ke-
HLt1Lt1 nLt1TaHLt1f1 18V
- 4x7W Ha HarpY3Ke 4 am, npLt1 Hanpfl>KeHLt1Lt1
nLt1TaHLt1f1 14,4V
5. KHIIl Ha HarpY3Ke 4 am npLt1 BblXOAHOLl1
MO HOCTLt1 .0.0 4W He 60nee 0,020/0
aaUO Hcmpy mop 03-2021
9
6. BxoAHoe conpOTL.'1BneHLt1e B 4-KaHanbHOM Po (W)
pe>KLt1Me 30 KOrn. 20
7. BxoAHoe con pOTLt1 BneH Lt1e B MOCTOBOM 18
(BTL) pe>KLt1Me 15 kOm.
8. K03<P<PLt1 Lt1eHT YCLt1neHLt1f1 B 4-KaHanbHoM 16 SINGLE ENDED
pe>KLt1Me 20 dB 14 RL= 2 0
9. K03<P<PLt1 Lt1eHT YCLt1JleHLt1s:1 B MOCTOBOM 12 f= 1 KHz
(BTL) pe>KLt1Me 26 dB 10
10. Anfl BKnt04eHLt1f1 3 Heproc6epe ratOLl..te ro -----r-
pe>KLt1Ma Ha BblBOAe 7 AOn>KHO 6blTb Hanpfl- 8
>KeHLt1e He 60nee 1,5V. Anfl BbIKIlt04eHLt1f1 6
3Heproc6eperatOLl..tero pe>KLt1Ma Ha BblBOAe 7 4
Hanpfl>KeHLt1e He MeHee 3,5V.
11. ALt1ana30H 4aCTOT npLt1 HepaBHOMep- 2
HOCTLt1 6 dB 22 Hz - 22 kHz. 0
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
10 kQ Vs (V)
ST_BY V s
10!-lF 1000 !-IF Po (W)
IN_1 o---i 12
13 3 1 2200
220 nF OUT _1 11 +-
IN_2 o---i 2 2200 10 1 - SINGLE ENDED
220 nF STA540 OUT _2
IN_3 o---i 9 RL= 40
220 nF 15 2200 t;] 8 f= 1 KHz
IN_4 o----i OU1_3
7 ---r- -t-
220 nF 14 =ti
£ig;-- 10 OUT _4 6
5
4
3 1 -
10 kQ 2
ST_BY V s
10!-lF 1000 !-IF 1
0
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
OUT _L Vs (V)
2
IN_R o---i STA540 Po(W)
470 nF 15 44
OUT _R
40
36 - BTL
32 RI= 4 Ohm T.H.D.= 10 %
2B F- 1 KHz
10 kQ
ST_BY 24
20
IN_L o---i OUTL ,e
220 nF 2200 !-IF -
IN_R o---i 12
220 nF OUTR
IN_Bridge o---i 2200 !-IF - e
470 nF 15
OUT_Bridge 4
14 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
10
10
aaUO Hcmpy mop 03-2021
CBeTOAiliOAHoe OCBe eHilie
l1eCTHiII bl Ha ARDUINO UNO
B COBpeMeHHblX
AOMax 4aCTO 6blBatOT
ABYXYPOBHeBble KBa-
pT p , np 4eM, 6 -
BatOT Aa>Ke ABYXYPOB-
HeBble OAHOKOMHaT-
Hble KBapT pbl.
Pa3B BaeTCfI Aa4-
Hoe n HA B AY-
anbHoe CTpO Tenb-
CTBO, HY KaKOLl1
3aropOAHblLl1 AOM 6e3
BToporo 3Ta>Ka n
MaHcapAbl!? 111 3p,eCb
H KaK He 060Ll1T Cb
6e3 neCTH bl Ha
BTOpOLl1 3Ta>K, MaH-
capAY n BTOpOLl1
YPOBeHb.
JlecTH bl 6blBatOT
caMble pa3Hble,
B HTOBble, oAHoMap-
weBble, AByxMap-
weBble. BOT B MoeM
cenbCKOM AOM Ke
neCTH a AByxMap-
weBafl, no weCTb
cTyneHeVi B Ka>KJ].OM
Mapwe.
OCBe eH e neCT-
H bl 6blno peweHO
CAenaTb nYTeM nOA-
CBeTK Ka>KJ].OLl1 CTY-
neH nonYMeTpOBblM
OTpe3KOM CBeTOA OA-
HOLl1 neHTbl. A Anfl
ynpaBneH fI 3T0Ll1
c CTeMOLl1 6bln np -
AYMaH Y3en Ha OCHO-
Be M KpOKOHTpon-
nepHOLl1 nnaT
ARDUINO UNO.
Y BepxHero H >K-
Hero BxoAa Ha neCT-
H Y YCTaHoBneHo no
OAHOMY TpexKHono4-
HOMY 6noKY yn paB-
neH fI.
GNO Vin 02
+SV
GND
Bsepx
AO
04
BHII13
A1 OS
BKn.
BbIKn.
56
-'- 12V +
A2
o
z
o
z
o
IY:
«
A3
VT1-VT12
KnSOSA 011
V01-V012
1N4148
012
Ha H >KHeM 6nOKe eCTb KHonK :
«BKIl.», «BbIKn.», «BBepx». Ha
BepxHeM 6nOKe KHonK : «BKIl.»,
«BbIKIl.». «BH 3».
KHonK «BKIl.» «BbIKIl.» cnY>KaT
PlI1c.1.
HL 1
06
07
08
09
010
013
aaUO Hcmpy mop 03-2021
11
J].nfl nonHoro pY4Horo BKIlt04eHLt1f1 Lt1 BbiKIltO-
4eHLt1s:1 nOJ].CBeTKLt1 cpa3Y Bcex cTyneHeLli.
KHonKa «BBepx» pacnOnO>KeHa y HLt1>KHerO
BXOJ].a Ha neCTHLt1 y. EcnLt1 ee Ha>KaTb
CHa4ana BKIl t04aeTCfI nOJ].CBeTKa caMOLli
HLt1>KHeLli cTyneHLt1, a 3aTeM nocneJ].OBaTenbHO
BKIlt04atOTCfI nOJ].CBeTKLt1 Lt1 Bcex OCTaIlbHblX
cTyneHeLli. nonY4aeTCfI TaKOLli 3cpcpeKT pa3-
6eratO eLIICfI BBepx CBeTfI eLIICfI J].OpO>KKLt1.
3aTeM, 15 ceKYHJ]. CBeTLt1TCfI BCfI neCTHLt1 a, Lt1
raCHeT BCfI.
KHonKa «BHLt13» pacnOnO>KeHa y BepXHero
BXOJ].a Ha neCTHLt1 y. EcnLt1 ee Ha>KaTb Bce
npOLt1CXOJ].Lt1T Hao6opoT. CHa4ana BKIlt04a-
eTCfI nOJ].CBeTKa caMOLli BepxHeLli cTyneHLt1, a
3aTeM nocneJ].OBaTenbHO BKIlt04atOTCfI
nOJ].CBeTKLt1 Lt1 Bcex OCTanbHblX cTyneHeLli.
nonY4aeTcfI 3cpcpeKT pa36eratO eLl1CfI BHLt13
cBeTfI eLllcfI J].OpO>KKLt1. 3aTeM, 15 ceKYHp,
CBeTLt1TCfI BCfI neCTHLt1 a, Lt1 raCHeT BCfI.
CxeMa YCTpoLllcTBa nOKa3aHa Ha pLt1C. 1.
YCTpOLIICTBO CJ].enaHO Ha OCHOBe MLt1KpO-
KOHTponnepHoro 6noKa AROUINO UNO.
Yp,06CTBO p,aHHoro 6noKa B TOM, 4TO 3TO
rOTOBafi nnaTa C MLt1KpOKOHTponne-
pOM, nporpaMMaTopOM Lt1 BceM 4TO Tpe6y-
eTCfI J].nfl ero pa60Tbl. K TOMY >Ke Lt1 eHa
BnonHe npLt1eMneMafl, oco6eHHO ecnLt1
nOKynaTb Ha «AnLt13Kcnpecc» Lt1nLt1 e e rJ].e-TO
B aHanOrLt14HOM MeCTe.
Y MoeLli neCTHLt1 bl Bcero 12 cTyneHeLII,
nOToMY Lt1 Lt1CnOnb3yeTcfI 12 oTpe3KoB CBeTO-
J].Lt10J].HOVI neHTbl (HL 1-HL 12) J].nfl ee
nOJ].CBeTKLt1. .lJ.nfl ynpaBneHLt1f1 Ka>K,lJ,blM
oTpe3KoM cBeToJ].Lt1oJ].HOLli neHTbl Lt1CnOnb-
3yeTcfI oTJ].enbHblLli Lt1cppOBOLli nopT nnaTbl
AROUINO UNO. Xopowo, 4TO y Hee 14
nopTOB. 3J].ecb Lt1CnOnb3YtOTcfI nopTbl C 02 no
013. JlorLt14eCKLt1L11 YPoBeHb C Ka>K,lJ,OrO Lt13
nopTOB nocTynaeT Ha 3aTBOp Knt04eBoro
noneBoro TpaH3Lt1CTOpa (VT1-VT12), ynpaB-
nfltO ero CBOLt1M OTpe3KOM cBeToJ].Lt1oJ].HOLli
neHTbl. 3J].ecb Lt1CnOnb30BaHbl OTHOCLt1TenbHO
cna6ble KIlt04eBbie TpaH3Lt1CTOpbl Kn505. Ho
B J].aHHOM cnY4ae 3TO BnonHe onpaBJ].aHO,
nOToMY 4TO J].nfl nOJ].CBeTKLt1 Ka>K,lJ,OLII Lt13
cTyneHeLli Lt1CnOnb3yeTcfI nonYMeTpoBblLli
OTpe30K cBeToJ].Lt1oJ].HOLli neHTbl, nOTpe6nfl-
tO Lt1L11 TOK Bcero OKono 150 mA.
.Qns:l KHonOK Lt1CnOIlb30BaHbl aHaIlorOBble
BXOJ].bl C AO no A3 (npocTo, Lt1cppOBbIX Y>Ke
He OCTanOCb). AHanoroBble BXOJ].bl nOJ].TfI-
HYTbl K HyntO pe3Lt1CTOpaMLt1 R 1-R4. KHOnKLt1
12
S 1-S6 nOJ].atOT Ha aHanorOBble BXOJ].bl
Hanpfl>KeHLt1e 5V OT Lt1MetO erOCs:I Ha nnaTe
AROUINO UNO cTa6Lt1nLt13aTopa.
KHOnKLt1 BKIlt04eHLt1f1 Lt1 BbIKIlt04eHLt1f1
CJ].enaHbl napHbIMLt1, BKIlt04eHHbIMLt1 napan-
nenbHO. BOT nopT A2 OTBe4aeT 3a
BKIlt04eHLt1e BCeLl1 nOJ].cBeTKLt1. HO l nOToMY 4TO
BKIlt04eHLt1e J].on>KHO np0Lt13BOJ].Lt1TbCfI KaK
cBepxy neCTHLt1 bl, TaK Lt1 CHLt13Y, 3J].eCb
Lt1CnOnb30BaHbl J].Be KHOnKLt1 S3 Lt1 S4. OJ].Ha Lt13
HLt1X pacnOnO>KeHa B HLt1>KHeM 6nOKe ynpaBne-
HII1f1, a J].pyrafl - B BepxHeM. AHanOrLt14HO 111 C
KHOnKaMLt1 BbIKnt04eHLt1f1 S5 Lt1 S6.
KHonKa S 1 pacnOnO>KeHa B HLt1>KHeM 6noKe
ynpaBneHLt1f1. KHonKa S2 pacnOnO>KeHa B
BepXHeM 6noKe ynpaBneHLt1f1
BOT TeKCT nporpaMMbl Ha C++ :
1*
neCTHHIJ;a
*1
II sa aHHe B XO OB
void setup() {
pinMode(2, OUTPUT);
pinMode(3, OUTPUT);
pinMode(4, OUTPUT);
pinMode(S, OUTPUT);
pinMode(6, OUTPUT);
pinMode(7, OUTPUT);
pinMode(8, OUTPUT);
pinMode(9, OUTPUT);
pinMode(lO, OUTPUT);
pinMode(ll, OUTPUT);
pinMode(l2, OUTPUT);
pinMode(l3, OUTPUT);
}
II paOOTiHH IJ;HKJI
void loop() {
int vall = analogRead(AO);
int val2 = analogRead(Al);
int val3 = analogRead(A2);
int val4 = analogRead(A3);
if(vall>SOO){
digitaIWrite(2, HIGH);
digitaIWrite(3, LOW);
digitaIWrite(4, LOW);
digitaIWrite(S, LOW);
digitaIWrite(6, LOW);
digitaIWrite(7, LOW);
digitaIWrite(8, LOW);
digitaIWrite(9, LOW);
aaUO Hcmpy mop 03-2021
digital Write (10, LOW); digitalWrite(12, LOW);
digital Write (11, LOW); digitalWrite(13, LOW);
digitalWrite(12, LOW); delay(SOO);
digitalWrite(13, LOW); digitalWrite(2, HIGH);
delay(SOO); digitalWrite(3, HIGH);
digitalWrite(2, HIGH); digitalWrite(4, HIGH);
digitalWrite(3, HIGH); digitalWrite(S, HIGH);
digitalWrite(4, LOW); digitalWrite(6, HIGH);
digitalWrite(S, LOW); digitalWrite(7, HIGH);
digitalWrite(6, LOW); digitalWrite(8, LOW);
digitalWrite(7, LOW); digitalWrite(9, LOW);
digitalWrite(8, LOW); digitalWrite(lO, LOW);
digitalWrite(9, LOW); digitalWrite(ll, LOW) ;
digitalWrite(lO, LOW); digitalWrite(12, LOW);
digitalWrite(ll, LOW); digitalWrite(13, LOW);
digitalWrite(12, LOW); delay(SOO);
digitalWrite(13, LOW); digitalWrite(2, HIGH);
delay(SOO); digitalWrite(3, HIGH);
digitalWrite(2, HIGH); digitalWrite(4, HIGH);
digitalWrite(3, HIGH); digitalWrite(S, HIGH);
digitalWrite(4, HIGH); digitalWrite(6, HIGH);
digitalWrite(S, LOW); digitalWrite(7, HIGH);
digitalWrite(6, LOW); digitalWrite(8, HIGH);
digitalWrite(7, LOW); digitalWrite(9, LOW);
digitalWrite(8, LOW); digitalWrite(lO, LOW);
digitalWrite(9, LOW); digitalWrite(ll, LOW);
digitalWrite(lO, LOW); digitalWrite(12, LOW) ;
digitalWrite(ll, LOW); digitalWrite(13, LOW);
digitalWrite(12, LOW); delay(SOO);
digitalWrite(13, LOW); digitalWrite(2, HIGH);
delay(SOO); digitalWrite(3, HIGH);
digitalWrite(2, HIGH); digitalWrite(4, HIGH);
digitalWrite(3, HIGH); digitalWrite(S, HIGH);
digitalWrite(4, HIGH); digitalWrite(6, HIGH);
digitalWrite(S, HIGH); digitalWrite(7, HIGH);
digitalWrite(6, LOW); digitalWrite(8, HIGH);
digitalWrite(7, LOW); digitalWrite(9, HIGH);
digitalWrite(8, LOW); digitalWrite(lO, LOW);
digitalWrite(9, LOW); digitalWrite(ll, LOW);
digitalWrite(lO, LOW); digitalWrite(12, LOW);
digitalWrite(ll, LOW); digitalWrite(13, LOW) ;
digitalWrite(12, LOW); delay(SOO);
digitalWrite(13, LOW); digitalWrite(2, HIGH);
delay(SOO); digitalWrite(3, HIGH);
digitalWrite(2, HIGH); digitalWrite(4, HIGH);
digitalWrite(3, HIGH); digitalWrite(S, HIGH);
digitalWrite(4, HIGH); digital Write (6, HIGH);
digitalWrite(S, HIGH); digital Write (7, HIGH);
digitalWrite(6, HIGH); digitalWrite(8, HIGH);
digitalWrite(7, LOW); digitalWrite(9, HIGH);
digitalWrite(8, LOW); digitalWrite(lO, HIGH);
digitalWrite(9, LOW); digitalWrite(ll, LOW);
digital Write (10, LOW); digitalWrite(12, LOW);
digitalWrite(ll, LOW); digitalWrite(13, LOW);
aaUO Hcmpy mop 03-2021 13
delay (500) ; if (va12>500){
digitalWrite(2, HIGH); digitalWrite(2, LOW);
digitalWrite(3, HIGH); digitalWrite(3, LOW);
digitalWrite(4, HIGH); digitalWrite(4, LOW);
digitalWrite(5, HIGH); digitalWrite(5, LOW);
digitalWrite(6, HIGH); digitalWrite(6, LOW);
digitalWrite(7, HIGH); digitalWrite(7, LOW);
digitalWrite(8, HIGH); digitalWrite(8, LOW);
digitalWrite(9, HIGH); digitalWrite(9, LOW);
digitalWrite(lO, HIGH) ; digitalWrite(lO, LOW);
digitalWrite(ll, HIGH) ; digitalWrite(ll, LOW);
digitalWrite(12, LOW); digitalWrite(12, LOW);
digitalWrite(13, LOW); digitalWrite(13, HIGH);
delay (500) ; delay(5OO);
digitalWrite(2, HIGH); digitalWrite(2, LOW);
digitalWrite(3, HIGH); digitalWrite(3, LOW);
digitalWrite(4, HIGH); digitalWrite(4, LOW);
digitalWrite(5, HIGH); digitalWrite(5, LOW);
digitalWrite(6, HIGH); digitalWrite(6, LOW);
digitalWrite(7, HIGH); digitalWrite(7, LOW);
digitalWrite(8, HIGH); digitalWrite(8, LOW);
digitalWrite(9, HIGH); digitalWrite(9, LOW);
digitalWrite(lO, HIGH) ; digitalWrite(lO, LOW);
digitalWrite(ll, HIGH) ; digitalWrite(ll, LOW);
digitalWrite(12, HIGH) ; digitalWrite(12, HIGH);
digitalWrite(13, LOW); digitalWrite(13, HIGH);
delay (500) ; delay(5OO);
digitalWrite(2, HIGH); digitalWrite(2, LOW);
digitalWrite(3, HIGH); digitalWrite(3, LOW);
digitalWrite(4, HIGH); digitalWrite(4, LOW);
digitalWrite(5, HIGH); digitalWrite(5, LOW);
digitalWrite(6, HIGH); digitalWrite(6, LOW);
digitalWrite(7, HIGH); digitalWrite(7, LOW);
digitalWrite(8, HIGH); digitalWrite(8, LOW);
digital Write (9, HIGH); digitalWrite(9, LOW);
digitalWrite(lO, HIGH) ; digitalWrite(lO, LOW);
digitalWrite(ll, HIGH) ; digitalWrite(ll, HIGH);
digitalWrite(12, HIGH) ; digitalWrite(12, HIGH);
digital Write (13, HIGH) ; digital Write (13, HIGH);
delay(l5OOO); delay(5OO);
digitalWrite(2, LOW); digitalWrite(2, LOW);
digitalWrite(3, LOW); digitalWrite(3, LOW);
digitalWrite(4, LOW); digitalWrite(4, LOW);
digitalWrite(5, LOW); digital Write (5, LOW);
digitalWrite(6, LOW); digital Write (6, LOW);
digitalWrite(7, LOW); digitalWrite(7, LOW);
digitalWrite(8, LOW); digitalWrite(8, LOW);
digitalWrite(9, LOW); digitalWrite(9, LOW);
digitalWrite(lO, LOW); digital Write (10, HIGH);
digitalWrite(ll, LOW); digitalWrite(ll, HIGH);
digitalWrite(12, LOW); digitalWrite(12, HIGH);
digitalWrite(13, LOW); digitalWrite(13, HIGH);
delay(5OO);
} digital Write (2, LOW);
14 aaUo Hcmpy mop 03-2021
digitalWrite(3, LOW); digital Write (5, HIGH);
digitalWrite(4, LOW); digital Write (6, HIGH);
digitalWrite(5, LOW); digitalWrite(7, HIGH);
digitalWrite(6, LOW); digitalWrite(8, HIGH);
digitalWrite(7, LOW); digitalWrite(9, HIGH);
digitalWrite(8, LOW); digitalWrite(lO, HIGH);
digitalWrite(9, HIGH); digitalWrite(ll, HIGH);
digitalWrite(lO, HIGH); digitalWrite(12, HIGH);
digitalWrite(ll, HIGH); digitalWrite(13, HIGH);
digitalWrite(12, HIGH); delay(5OO);
digitalWrite(13, HIGH); digitalWrite(2, LOW);
delay(5OO); digitalWrite(3, LOW);
digitalWrite(2, LOW); digitalWrite(4, HIGH) ;
digitalWrite(3, LOW); digitalWrite(5, HIGH);
digitalWrite(4, LOW); digitalWrite(6, HIGH);
digitalWrite(5, LOW); digitalWrite(7, HIGH);
digitalWrite(6, LOW); digitalWrite(8, HIGH);
digitalWrite(7, LOW); digitalWrite(9, HIGH);
digitalWrite(8, HIGH); digitalWrite(lO, HIGH);
digitalWrite(9, HIGH); digitalWrite(ll, HIGH);
digitalWrite(lO, HIGH); digitalWrite(12, HIGH);
digitalWrite(ll, HIGH); digitalWrite(13, HIGH);
digitalWrite(12, HIGH); delay(5OO);
digitalWrite(13, HIGH); digitalWrite(2, LOW);
delay(5OO); digitalWrite(3, HIGH);
digitalWrite(2, LOW); digitalWrite(4, HIGH);
digitalWrite(3, LOW); digitalWrite(5, HIGH) ;
digitalWrite(4, LOW); digitalWrite(6, HIGH);
digitalWrite(5, LOW); digitalWrite(7, HIGH);
digitalWrite(6, LOW); digitalWrite(8, HIGH);
digitalWrite(7, HIGH); digitalWrite(9, HIGH);
digitalWrite(8, HIGH); digitalWrite(lO, HIGH);
digitalWrite(9, HIGH); digitalWrite(ll, HIGH);
digitalWrite(lO, HIGH); digitalWrite(12, HIGH);
digitalWrite(ll, HIGH); digitalWrite(13, HIGH);
digitalWrite(12, HIGH); delay(5OO);
digitalWrite(13, HIGH); digitalWrite(2, HIGH);
delay(5OO); digitalWrite(3, HIGH);
digitalWrite(2, LOW); digitalWrite(4, HIGH);
digitalWrite(3, LOW); digitalWrite(5, HIGH);
digitalWrite(4, LOW); digitalWrite(6, HIGH) ;
digitalWrite(5, LOW); digitalWrite(7, HIGH);
digitalWrite(6, HIGH); digitalWrite(8, HIGH);
digitalWrite(7, HIGH); digitalWrite(9, HIGH);
digitalWrite(8, HIGH); digital Write (10, HIGH);
digitalWrite(9, HIGH); digitalWrite(ll, HIGH);
digital Write (10, HIGH); digitalWrite(12, HIGH);
digitalWrite(ll, HIGH); digitalWrite(13, HIGH);
digitalWrite(12, HIGH); delay(l5OOO);
digitalWrite(13, HIGH); digitalWrite(2, LOW);
delay(5OO); digitalWrite(3, LOW);
digitalWrite(2, LOW); digitalWrite(4, LOW);
digitalWrite(3, LOW); digitalWrite(5, LOW);
digitalWrite(4, LOW); digitalWrite(6, LOW);
aaUO Hcmpy mop 03-2021 15
digitaIWrite(7, LOW);
digitaIWrite(8, LOW);
digitaIWrite(9, LOW);
digitaIWrite(lO, LOW);
digitaIWrite(ll, LOW);
digitaIWrite(12, LOW);
digitaIWrite(13, LOW);
}
if (vaI3>500){
digitaIWrite(2, HIGH);
digitaIWrite(3, HIGH);
digitaIWrite(4, HIGH);
digitaIWrite(5, HIGH);
digitaIWrite(6, HIGH);
digitaIWrite(7, HIGH);
digitaIWrite(8, HIGH);
digitaIWrite(9, HIGH);
digitaIWrite(lO, HIGH);
digitaIWrite(ll, HIGH);
digitaIWrite(12, HIGH);
digitaIWrite(13, HIGH);
}
if (vaI4>500){
digital Write (2, LOW);
digital Write (3, LOW);
digitaIWrite(4, LOW);
digital Write (5, LOW);
digital Write (6, LOW);
digital Write (7, LOW);
digitaIWrite(8, LOW);
digitaIWrite(9, LOW);
digitaIWrite(lO, LOW);
digital Write (11, LOW);
digital Write (12, LOW);
digital Write (13, LOW);
}
}
PaCCMOTpLt1M pa60TY nporpaMMbl.
CHa4ana npoLt1CXOALt1T 3aAaHLt1e nopToB,
KOTopble 6YAYT Lt1CnOnb30BaTbCfI B ,lJ,aHHOM
YCTpOLIICTBe :
void setup() {
pinMode(2, OUTPUT);
pinMode(3, OUTPUT);
pinMode(4, OUTPUT);
pinMode(5, OUTPUT);
pinMode(6, OUTPUT);
pinMode(7, OUTPUT);
pinMode(8, OUTPUT);
pinMode(9, OUTPUT);
16
pinMode(lO, OUTPUT);
pinMode(ll, OUTPUT);
pinMode(12, OUTPUT);
pinMode(13, OUTPUT);
Aanee Ha4Lt1HaeT pa60TaTb nporpaMMHblLli
Lt1Kn C Lt13MepeHLt1f1 Hanpfl eHLt1f1 Ha aHano-
rOBblX BXOAax AO, A 1, A2 Lt1 A3:
void loop() {
int vall = analogRead(AO);
int val2 = analogRead(Al);
int val3 = analogRead(A2);
int val4 = analogRead(A3);
Pe3ynbTaTY Ka>KJ].OrO Lt13MepeHLt1f1 npLt1CBOe-
Ha nepeMeHHafl, cooTBeTcTBeHHo, val1, val2,
val3 Lt1 val4
3aTeM B pa60TY BCTynaeT KOMnapaTopHafi
<PYHK Lt1f1 if, B KOTOpOLli npoLt1CXOp,Lt1T cpaBHe-
HLt1e Lt13MepeHHoro Ha aHanorOBOM BXOAe
Hanpfl eHLt1f1 C noporoBblM 3Ha4eHLt1eM,
Bbl6paHHbiM paBHblM 500 cTyneHeK (Bcero Ha
aHanorOBOM nopTY 1 024 cTyneHeK YPOBHfI
Hanpfl eHLt1f1). BenLt14Lt1Ha 500 Mo eT 6blTb
3aMeHeHa Lt1 APyroLli. B3f1Ta 6blna np0Lt13-
BonbHO, nOToMY 4TO npLt1MepHO nOnOBLt1Ha.
A 3aTeM npLt1HLt1MaeTCfI peWeHLt1e 0 TOM,
KaKOLli nporpaMMHblLli Lt1Kn 3anYCKaTb.
HanpLt1Mep, eCnLt1 Ha aTa KHOnKa S3 Lt1nLt1 S4,
TO Ha BXOAe A2 YPOBeHb 60nee 500
cTyneHeK, Lt1 3anycKaeTcfI Lt1KJl BKnt04eHLt1f1
Bcex CBeTOALt10AHbIX neHT:
if (vaI3>500){
digitaIWrite(2, HIGH);
digitaIWrite(3, HIGH);
digitaIWrite(4, HIGH);
digitaIWrite(5, HIGH);
digitaIWrite(6, HIGH);
digitaIWrite(7, HIGH);
digitaIWrite(8, HIGH);
digitaIWrite(9, HIGH);
digitaIWrite(lO, HIGH);
digitaIWrite(ll, HIGH);
digitaIWrite(12, HIGH);
digitaIWrite(13, HIGH);
}
TaK KaK KHonKa 6e3 <pLt1KCa Lt1Lt1, Lt1 ee BCerO-
TO pa3 Ha anLt1 Lt1 OTnYCTLt1nLt1, Lt1Kn OCTaHaB-
nLt1BaeTCfI Ha COCTOflHLt1Lt1 BKnt04eHLt1f1 BCex
neHT.
aaUO Hcmpy mop 03-2021
AHanont14HO pa60TatOT Lt1 APyrLt1e KHOnKLt1.
Ha>KaTLt1e KHOnOK S 1, S2 npLt1BOALt1T K 3anycKY
Lt1KJla nocneAoBaTenbHoro BKIlt04eHLt1f1
CBeTOALt10AHbIX neHT, Lt1 BbIAep>KKLt1 BpeMeHLt1 B
15 ceKYHA, nocne KOToporo Bce CBeTOALt10A-
Hble neHTbl Bb1KIlt04atOTCfI.
BpeMfi 3aAep>KKLt1 BbIKIlt04eHLt1f1 B 15 ceKYHA
3aAaHO B cTpoKax:
delay(lS000);
A 6blcTpoTa BOCnp0Lt13BeAeHLt1f1 3cpcpeKTa
6ery eLl1 cBeTOBOLl1 AOpO>KKLt1 3aAaHa
BpeMeHeM naY3 no nOnOBLt1He ceKYHAbl B
cTpoKax:
delay(SOO);
npLt1 >KenaHLt1Lt1, 3TO BpeMfi 3aAep>KKLt1 Lt1nLt1
naY3 MO>KHO KaK yroAHo Lt13MeHLt1Tb, 3Hafl, 4TO
1 ceKYHAa = 1 000.
TpaH3Lt1cTopbl Kn505 MO>KHO 3aMeHLt1Tb Ha
2N7002. npLt1 3TOM HY>KHO Y4eCTb TO, 4TO
KIlt04Lt1 Ha TaKLt1X ManOMO HbIX TpaH3Lt1CTOpaX
rOAflTCfI TonbKO Anfl ynpaBneHLt1f1 KOpOTKLt1MLt1
OTpe3KaMLt1 CBeTOALt10AH0Ll1 neHTbl. B MoeM
cnY4ae, OTpe3KLt1 no 50 CM. EcnLt1 HY>KHO
OCBe aTb WLt1pOKYtO neCTHLt1 Y, Lt1, COOT BeT-
CTBeHHO, pa60TaTb C cy ecTBeHHO 60nee
AnLt1HHbIMLt1 OTpe3KaMLt1 CBeTOALt10AH0Ll1 neHTbl,
HY>KHO 6YAeT B3f1Tb TpaH3Lt1CTOpbl MO Hee,
HanpLt1Mep, IRLU024N.
OCHOBY KOHCTPYK Lt1Lt1 Ka>KJ].OrO KHon04Horo
Y3na COCTaBnfleT KpynHafi TLt1nOBafi KHonKa
Anfl KBapTLt1pHbIX 3BOHKOB. B ee Kopnyce
AOnOnHLt1TenbHO YCTaHOBneHbl ABe MLt1HLt1a-
TtOpHble KHOnKLt1 TYM6IlepHoro TLt1na. OHLt1
pacnOnO>KeHbl B OTBepCTLt1f1X, cne Lt1anbHO
npOCBepneHHblX B 60KOB0Ll1 4aCTLt1 Kopnyca
KHOnKLt1. npLt14eM TaK, 4T06bl He HapywaTb
pa60TY OCHOBHOLl1 KHOnKLt1. nonY4aeTCfI 6nOK
C OAHOLl1 60nbw0Ll1 3aMeTH0Ll1 KHOnKOLl1 Lt1
ABYMfI ManeHbKLt1MLt1 Man03aMeTHbIMLt1. 60nb-
wafl KHonKa, - 3TO S 1 Lt1nLt1 S2. A ManeHbKLt1e,
- 3TO S3, S5 Lt1nLt1 S4, S6.
Muxenee K.A.
BLt1TenbHOCTb AaT4Lt1Ka.
.QaT4Lt1K pearLt1pyeT Ha
npenflTCTBLt1e nepeA ero
4aCTbtO, rAe IIlK-cBeTo-
ALt10A Lt1 111 K-cpoToTpaH-
3Lt1CTOp. 4YBcTBLt1TenbHocTb He60nbwafl,
60nbwe 60-70 CM nonY4Lt1Tb He YAaeTcfI.
n03TOMY, AaHHoe YCTpOLl1CTBO rOALt1TCfI
TonbKO Anfl Y3KLt1X npoxoAoB Lt1nLt1 neCTHLt1 .
.QaT4Lt1K pacnonaratOT Lt1 YCTaHaBnLt1BatOT TaK,
4T06bl ero IIlK-cBeTOALt10A Lt1 IIlK-cpOTO-
TpaH3Lt1CTOp 6 nLt1 HanpaBneH nonepeK
npoxoAa Lt1nLt1 neCTHLt1 bl. 3aTeM, nOAcTpoe4-
HblM pe3Lt1CTOpOM YCTaHaBnLt1BatOT TaKYtO
4YBcTBLt1TenbHOcTb, 4T06bl AaT4Lt1K He
«4YBCTBOBan» npOTLt1BOnOnO>KHYtO CTeHY, HO
XopOWO pearLt1pOBan Ha npoxoAfI ero MLt1MO
Hero 4enOBeKa.
.QLt1ana30H nLt1TatO ero Hanpfl>KeHLt1f1
AaT4Lt1Ka OT 2,7 .0.0 5,5V . To eCTb, BnonHe
npLt1rOAHO nLt1TaHLt1e OT CTaHAapTHoro ceTe-
Boro aAanTepa Anfl 3apflAKLt1 COTOBblX Tene-
cpOHOB. y AaT4Lt1Ka eCTb TpLt1 BbIBOAa, - nntOc
Lt1 MLt1HYC nLt1TaHLt1f1 Lt1 BbIXOA. npLt1 nOfiBneHLt1Lt1
nepeA HLt1M Ha paCCTOflHLt1111 4YBCTBLt1Tenb-
HOCTLt1 KaKOrO-nLt160 npeAMeTa Ha ero BblXOAe
YCTaHaBnLt1BaeTCfI nOrLt14eCKLt1L11 Honb. 111
3aropaeTCfI Lt1HALt1KaTOpHbILl1 CBeTOALt10A Ha
ABa aBTOMaTa ynpaBneHilifi
OCBe eHilieM Ha AaT'"IiIIKaX FC-51
nepBblLl1 aBTOMaT (pLt1c.1) npeAHa3Ha4eH
Anfl ynpaBneHLt1f1 OCBe eHLt1eM Y3Koro
npOXOAa Lt1nLt1 neCTHLt1 bl Ha BTOpOLl1 3Ta>K Lt1nLt1
B nOABan. CBeT aBTOMaTLt14eCKLt1 BKIl t04aeTCfI
npll1 BXOAe B npOXOA Lt1nll1 KaK TonbKO nOCTa-
BLt1nLt1 Hory Ha nepBYtO cTyneHbKY neCTHLt1 bl.
BblKnt04aeTCfI 4epe3 20-30 ceKYHA nocne
BblxoAa Lt13 npoxoAa Lt1nLt1 neCTHLt1 bl.
.Qnfl ynpaBneHLt1f1 Lt1CnOnb3YtOTCfI ABa rOTO-
BblX lt1K-AaT4I11Ka OTpa>KeHLt1s:1 TLt1na FC-51,
npeAHa3Ha4eHHbix Anfl Lt1rpywe4HblX p060-
TOB Ha 6a3e Arduino. TaM OHLt1 cnY>KaT AaT-
4Lt1KaMLt1 o6xOAa npenflTCTBLt1L11. A6contOTHo
aHanOrLt14Hble AaT4Lt1KLt1 BblnycKatOTcfI TaK >Ke
C 0603Ha4eHLt1f1MLt1 YL-63, MH-8, HW-201.
HeCMOTpfl Ha pa3Hbie 0603Ha4eHLt1f1, - Bce
a6contOTHo OAHO Lt1 TO >Ke.
.QaT4Lt1K npeAcTaBnfleT c060Ll1 He60nbwytO
ne4aTHYtO nnaTY, C Y3Koro Top a KOTOpOLl1
pacnOnO>KeH lt1 K-CBeTOALt10A Lt1 111 K-cpoToTpaH-
3Lt1CTOp. A Ha nnaTe cxeMa TLt1na KOMnapa-
Topa. ECTb Ha nnaTe nO,lJ,CTpOe4HbILl1 pe3Lt1C-
TOp, KOTOpblM MO>KHO perynLt1pOBaTb 4YBCT-
aaUO Hcmpy mop 03-2021
17
PlI1c.1.
A1
FC-51
VCC
GNO
OUT
+
01 .1 C2
220UF/10ye
A3 AC/OC
A2
FC-51
VCC
GNO
OUT
caMOVI nnaTe AaT4I11Ka. KorAa npeAMeTa
nepeA AaT4111KOM HeT, II1nll1 OH AanbWe
nopora 4YBCTBII1TenbHOCTII1, Ha BblXOAe eAII1-
HII1 a. 111 rOpll1T TonbKO OAII1H II1HAII1KaTOpHblVi
CBeTOAII10A, II1HAII1 II1PYtO lI1V1 Han1114 lI1e
nIl1TaHII1f1. TOK nOTpe6neHII1f1 AaT4111Ka OTHO-
CII1TenbHO 60nbWOVl, - OKono 40-50mA.
.QaT4I11K FC-51 6bln npll106peTeH Ha «AIlIl1-
3Kcnpecc» Ha60pOM 1113 nflTII1 WTYK, eHa
Ha60pa 140 Py6neVi. TaKII1M 06pa30M, OAII1H
AaT4111K nonY4aeTcfI 28 py6. LITO CTpaHHO, no
MapKlI1pOBKe FC-51, YL-63, HW-201, MH-8
OH Ha caViTe He lI1 eTCfI. HaXOAII1TCfI TonbKO
no 3anpocy «.QaT4I11K 06xoAa Anfl arduino».
B cxeMe II1cnonb3yeTcfI ABa AaT4I11Ka. 3TO
A 1 111 A2. OHII1 pacnOnO>KeHbl B pa3Hbix
KOHuax npoxoAa II1nll1 neCTHII1Ubl. npll1 cpa6a-
TblBaH1I1111 nt060ro 1113 HII1X Ha BblXOAax coe-
AII1HeHHblX BMeCTe 3neMeHTOB 01.1-01.3
MII1KpOCXeMbl 01 nOflBnfleTCfI nOrll14eCKafi
eAII1HII1 a. OHa 4epe3 .0.1110.0. VO 1 111 pe3111CTOp
R2 3apfl>KaeT KOHAeHcaTOp C 1 .0.0 Hanpfl>Ke-
HII1f1 nOrll14eCKOVI eAII1HII1 bl. Hanpfl>KeHlI1e C
KOHAeHcaTopa C 1 nocTynaeT Ha BXOAbl 3ne-
MeHTa 01.4. Ha ero BblXOAe YCTaHaBnIl1Ba-
eTCfI nOr1l14eCKII1V1 Honb. TpaH3111cTopbl VT1 111
VT2 OTKpbIBatOTCfI, 111 nOAatOT TOK Ha 06MOTKY
pene K1. Ero KOHTaKTbl BKnt04atOT OCBeTII1-
TenbHYtO naMny H 1.
3aTeM, nocne Toro KaK MII1MO AaT4111Ka
npOwnll1, 111 60nee HeT HII14erO nepeA HII1M B
30He 4YBcTBII1TenbHOCTII1, Ha ero BblXOAe
YCTaHaBnll1BaeTCfI nOrlt14eCKafi eAII1HII1 a. Ha
BblXOAax aneMeHTOB 01.1-01.3 YCTaHaBnll1-
BaeTCfI nOr1l14eCKII1V1 Honb. 111 KOHAeHcaTOp C1
Ha4111HaeT MeAneHHO pa3pfl>KaTbCfI 4epe3
18
-220V
K1
88-115-1 C
(5V)
-220V
pe3111CTOp R 1. B 3aBII1CII1MOCTII1 OT COnpOTII1B-
neHII1f1 3Toro pe3111CTopa 111 peanbHoVi eM-
KOCTII1 KOHAeHcaTopa C 1, 4epe3 HeKOTopoe
BpeMfi Hanpfl>KeHlI1e Ha HeM CHII1>KaeTCfI .0.0
IlOrll14eCKOro Hynfl. Ha BblxoAe 3neMeHTa
01.4 YCTaHaBnll1BaeTcfI nOrll14eCKafi eAII1HII1 a
111 TpaH3111cTopbl VT1-VT2 3aKpblBatOTcfI, a
pene K1 BblKnt04aeT naMny H 1.
Ha BTOpOM KOH e npOXOAa II1nll1 neCTHII1 bl
eCTb TaKOVi >Ke AaT4I11Ka, pa60TatO lI1V1 TO\..lHO
TaK >Ke. n03TOMY, npll1 BblXOAe 3aAep>KKa
Bb1Knt04eHII1f1 npOtJ,neBaeTCfI. 3TO HetJ,OCTa-
TOK II1nll1 AOCTOIl1HCTBO AaHHoro aBTOMaTa (B
3aBII1CII1MOCTII1 OT KOHKpeTHoro cnY4afl ero
npll1 MeHeH 1I1f1 ).
lt1CT04HII1KOM nll1TaHII1f1 aBTOMaTa cnY>KII1T 5-
BonbToBblVi 6noK nIl1TaHII1f1, npeAHa3Ha4eH-
HblVi Anfl 3apfiAKII1 COTOBblX TenecpoHoB. Y4111-
TblBafi ero MII1HII1ManbHYtO CTOIl1MOCTb, 3TO
BblXOAII1T AeweBne nt060ro caMOAenbHoro
Bapll1aHTa II1CT04HII1Ka nIl1TaHII1f1.
Pene K1 TlI1na BS-115-1 C C 06MOTKOVI Ha
Hanpfl>KeHlI1e 5V. MO>KHO II1CnOnb30BaTb
nt060e pene C 06MOTKOVI Ha 5V 111 KOHTaK-
TaMII1 Ha Hanpfl>KeHlI1e 3neKTpOCeTII1.
BpeMfi 3aAep>KKII1 Bb1Knt04eHII1f1 CBeTa
3aBII1CII1T OT COnpOTII1BneHII1f1 pe3111cTopa R 1 111
eMKOCTII1 KOHAeHcaTopa C1.
Hana>KII1BaHlI1e 3aKIlt04aeTCfI B HacTpoViKe
4YBcTBII1TenbHocTII1 AaT4111KOB A 1 111 A2 3Kcne-
pll1MeTanbHo, npll1 nOMO 1I1 nOAcTpoe4Hbix
pe3111CTopOB, II1MetO II1XCfI Ha II1X nnaTax.
BTOpOVI aBTOMaT (pll1c.2) npeAHa3Ha4eH
peWII1Tb Be4HYtO np06neMY Be4HO ropfl ero
CBeTa B TyaneTHoVi KOMHaTe. ABToMaT
BKIlt04aeT CBeT npll1 BXOAe B AaHHoe nOMe-
aaUO Hcmpy mop 03-2021
PLt1c.2.
A1 01.1 +
C2
VCC 220uF/10V
FC-51 GNO A2 AC/OC
OUT
-220V
"
V01
K.O.521 A +
C1
2,2uF/10V
eHLt1e Lt1 BblKnt04aeT npLt1 BblXOAe Lt13 Hero.
npLt1 aTOM OH He OWLt16aeTCfI Ha OAHOKpaTHoe
OTKpbIBaHLt1e - 3aKpblBaHLt1e ABepLt1 (ecnLt1
npOCTO 4TO-TO BbI6pocLt1nLt1), He BbiKIlt04aeT
CBeT, ecnLt1 4enOBeK HaXOALt1TCfI BHYTpLt1
AaHHoro nOMe eHLt1f1.
ABToMaT pa60TaeT C ,lJ,BYMfI ,lJ,aT4Lt1KaMLt1,
-AaT4Lt1KOM nOnO>KeHLt1f1 ABepLt1 Ha repKOHe Lt1
AaT4Lt1KOM HanLt14Lt1f1 4enOBeKa BHYTpLt1 AaH-
Horo nOMe eHLt1f1, - AaT4Lt1Ke TLt1na FC-51.
lt1Aefl COCTOLt1T B cneAYtO eM. n pLt1 OTKpbl-
BaHLt1Lt1 ABepLt1 cpa6aTbiBaeT repKOHOBblLl1
AaT4Lt1K Lt1 BKIlt04aeT CBeT. npLt1 3aKpbIBaHLt1Lt1
ABepLt1 OH CBeT BblKnt04aeT. Ho, BbIKIlt04Lt1Tb
CBeT OH MO>KeT TonbKO B TOM cnY4ae, ecnLt1 B
nOMe eHLt1Lt1 HeT 4enOBeKa. Anfl Toro 4T06bl
Y3HaTb eCTb 4enOBeK B ,lJ,aHHOM nOMe eHLt1Lt1
Lt1nLt1 HeT, Lt1CnOnb3yeTcfI AaT4Lt1K OTpa>KeHLt1f1
nY4a TLt1na FC-51. OH pacnOnO>KeH HanpOTLt1B
BXOAHOLl1 ABepLt1, HeMHoro Bblwe HaA 6a4KOM
YHLt1Ta3a. 111 CMOTpLt1T B CTOPOHY ABepLt1.
4YBCTBLt1TenbHOCTb AaT4Lt1Ka HaCTpaLt1BatOT
TaK, 4T06bl OH He cpa6aTbiBan Ha 3aKpblTYtO
ABepb, HO cpa6aTbiBan Ha 4enOBeKa CTOfl-
ero nepeA YHLt1Ta30M Lt1nLt1 CLt1AfI erO Ha
HeM.
CxeMa (pLt1c.2) 04eHb nOXO>Ka Ha cxeMY Ha
pLt1c.1. Pa3HLt1 a B TOM j 4TO BMeCTO OAHoro Lt13
AaT4Lt1KOB OTpa>KeHLt1f1 Lt1CnOnb3yeTcfI repKO-
HOBblLl1 AaT4Lt1K nOnO>KeHLt1f1 ABepLt1 (S01), Lt1
BpeMeHHafi 3aAep>KKa BbIKnt04eHLt1f1 CAenaHa
3Ha4Lt1TenbHO MeHbwe (C1 3Ha4Lt1TenbHO
MeHbWeLl1 eMKOCTII1).
KaK Y>Ke CKa3aHO, AaT4111K A 1 HacTpoeH TaK,
4TO OH He pearll1PyeT Ha ABepb. npll1 OTKpbl-
BaHlI1111 ABepll1 KOHTaKTbl AaT4111Ka S01 pa3Mbl-
-220V
KatOTCfI. Ha BblBOAax 2, 6 111 9 COeAII1HeHHblX
napannenbHO aneMeHTOB 01.1-01.3 B03HII1-
KaeT nOrll14eCKII1L11 Honb. Ha BblXOAax aTII1X
aneMeHTOB - eAII1HII1 a. OHa 4epe3 .0.1110.0. V01
111 pe3111CTOp R2 3apfl>KaeT KOHAeHcaTop C 1
.0.0 Hanpfl>KeHII1f1 IlOrll14eCK0Ll1 eAII1HII1 bl.
Hanpfl>KeHlI1e C KOH,lJ,eHCaTOpa C1 nocTynaeT
Ha BXOAbl aneMeHTa 01.4. Ha ero BblXOAe
YCTaHaBnll1BaeTcfI nOr1l14eCKII1V1 Honb. TpaH-
3111CTOpbl VT1 111 VT2 OTKpbIBatOTCfI, V1 nOAatOT
TOK Ha 06MOTKY pene K1. Ero KOHTaKTbl
BKnt04atOT oCBeTII1TenbHYtO naMny H 1.
KorAa 4enOBeK BXOAII1T B aTO nOMe eHlI1e,
Ha Hero pearll1pyeT AaT4111K A 1. 111 Ha ero
BblXOAe YCTaHaBnll1BaeTcfI Honb. 3TOT Honb
nocTynaeT Ha Bbl BOAbl 1, 5 111 8 aneMeHTOB
01.1-01.3. Tenepb, ,lJ,a>Ke ecnll1 3aKpblTb
ABepb, 111 AaT4111K S01 3aMKHeTCfI, Ha BbIXO-
Aax 01.1-01.3 OCTaeTCfI eAII1HII1 a. KOHAeH-
caTOp C1 3apfl>KeH, TpaH3111CTOpbl VT1, VT2
OTKpbITbl, naMna H1 OCTaeTCfI BKnt04eHH0Ll1.
KorAa 4enOBeK BblXOAII1T 1113 aToro nOMe e-
HII1f1, OH OTKpblBaeT ABepb. S01 onflTb pa3-
MbiKaeTCfI, 111 Ha BblBOAbl 2, 6 111 9 aneMeHTOB
01.1-01.3 onflTb nOAaeTCfI Honb. 3aTeM
4enOBeK BbIXOAII1T, 111 Ha BblXOAe A 1 YCTaHaB-
nll1BaeTCfI eAII1HII1 a. 4enOBeK 3aKpblBaeT 3a
c060Vl ABepb, Lt1 S01 3aMblKaeTCfI, a Ha
BblBOAbl 1, 5 111 8 aneMeHTOB 01.1-01.3
nOAaeTCfI eAII1HII1 a. Ha BblXOAax 01.1-01.3
YCTaHaBnll1BaeTcfI Honb, 111 4epe3 HeCKonbKO
ceKYHA, He06xOAII1MbiX Ha pa3pflAKY C1
4epe3 R1,Ha BblXOAe 01.4 YCTaHaBnll1BaeTcfI
eAII1HII1 a. TpaH3111cTopbl VT1-VT2 3aKpblBa-
tOTCfI, pene K1 BblKnt04aeT naMny H1.
Ecnll1 B nOMe eHlI1e He BXOAII1Tb, a TonbKO
aaUO Hcmpy mop 03-2021
19
OTKpblTb Lt1 3aKpblTb J].Bepb (HanpLt1Mep, 4T06bl
4TO-TO BbI6pOCLt1Tb B MYCOpHOe BeJ].pO Lt1nLt1
B3f1Tb wBa6py), pa60TaeT TOnbKO J].aT4Lt1K
SD1. npLt1 OTKpbIBaHLt1Lt1 J].BepLt1 OH pa3MblKa-
eTCfI, Lt1 CBeT BKIlt04aeTCfI. npLt1 3aKpbIBaHLt1Lt1
J].BepLt1 OH 3aMblKaeTCfI, Lt1 CBeT Bb1KIlt04aeTCfI.
Hana>KLt1BaHLt1e 3aKIlt04aeTCs:I B YCTaHOBKe
4YBCTBLt1TenbHOCTLt1 J].aT4Lt1Ka A 1 TaK, 4T06bl
OH He cpa6aTbiBan Ha 3aKpblTYtO J].Bepb, HO
cpa6aTbiBan Ha 4enOBeKa CTOfl ero nepeJ].
YHLt1Ta30M Lt1nLt1 CLt1J].fI ero Ha HeM.
Pene K1 TLt1na BS-115-1 C C 06MOTKOLII Ha
Hanpfl>KeHLt1e 5V. MO>KHO Lt1CnOnb30BaTb
nt060e pene C 06MOTKOVI Ha 5V Lt1 KOHTaK-
TaMLt1 Ha Hanpfl>KeHLt1e aneKTpOCeTLt1.
BpeMfi 3aJ].ep>KKLt1 BbIKnt04eHLt1f1 CBeTa
3aBLt1CLt1T OT COnpOTLt1BneHLt1f1 pe3Lt1CTOpa R 1 Lt1
eMKOCTLt1 KOHJ].eHcaTopa C1.
IIlCT04HLt1K nLt1TaHLt1f1 A2 - 5-BonbTOBbILli 6noK
nLt1TaHLt1f1, J].nfl 3apflJ].KLt1 COTOBblX TenecpoHoB.
KpynHoB A.H.
npOCTOVl CYMepe"lHbIVl
BbIK.nIO"IaTe.nb Ha Arduino uno
weCTbtO cTyneHflMLt1.
Ha pLt1cYHKe 1 nOKa3aHa cxeMa
cpoTopene J].nfl ynpaBneHLt1f1
CBeTLt1nbHLt1KOM Ha OCHOBe naMnbl.
CpeJ].cTBoM Lt13MepeHLt1f1 OCBe eH-
YCTpOLIICTBO npeJ].Ha3-
Ha4eHO J].nfl aBTOMaTLt1-
4eCKoro BKIlt04eHLt1f1
J].BopOBoro OCBe eHLt1f1
Ha H04b, Lt1 Bb1KIlt04e-
HLt1f1 ero YTPOM. To eCTb,
npaKTLt14eCKLt1, aTO cpo-
Topene. Ero, KOHe4HO,
MO>KHO CJ].enaTb Lt1 Ha
60nee npocTo ane-
MeHTHOLli 6a3e, HO nna-
Tbl Arduino uno ceLll4ac
B pa3HbiX Lt1HTepHeT-Ma-
ra3Lt1HaX Lt1nLt1 Ha paJ].Lt10-
pblHKax MO>KHO npLt106-
peCTLt1 no J].OCTaT04HO
HLt13KLt1M eHaM. K TOMY
>Ke, HanLt14Lt1e rOTOBOLli
nnaTbl ynpo aeT MOH-
Ta>K. Ba>KHa Lt1 B03MO>K-
HOCTb Lt13MeHeHLt1f1
cpYHK Lt10HLt1pOBaHLt1f1 ny-
TeM BHeCeHLt1f1 Lt13MeHe-
HLt1L11 B nporpaMMY.
PaccMoTpeHbl J].Ba
BapLt1aHTa cpoTopene, -
J].nfl ynpaBneHLt1f1 naM-
nOLli Lt1 J].nfl ynpaBneHLt1f1
cBeToJ].Lt1oJ].HOLli neHTOLli.
Anfl BapLt1aHTa co
cBeToJ].Lt1oJ].HOLli neHTOLli
eCTb BapLt1aHT nporpaM-
Mbl, rJ].e flpKOCTb neHTbl
3aBLt1CLt1T OT OCBe eH-
HOCTLt1, Lt1 perynLt1pyeTcfI
20
H1 PLt1c.1.
I
Ai
+
5nOK nIllTaHIII7I
-220V' ".Qe H.Q 11I" 9V
---I
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USB I
KHonKa I
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1 N4148 I
AROUINO UNO VREF +5V I
GNO OV J
13 013
12 012
RESET RST 11- 011 K1
+33V 3V3 10- 010 RAS-1215
+5V 5V -0
0 9- 09
OV GNO :?: 8 08
OV GNO m
;u
+7..12V VIN 0 7 07
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AO AO r 5- 05
» -:a 4 04
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A2 A2 » :?: 3- 03
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A3 A3 0 2 02
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R2
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aaUO Hcmpy mop 03-2021
T a6n vlL.\a 1.
1*
WOTopeJIel
*1
int analogInput=5; II B cpaH aHaJIOrOB K nopT AS
float vout; II sa aHa nepeMeHHaH JIH sanHCH pesYJI&TaTa HSMepeHHH AS
void setup ()
{
pinMode(5, OUTPUT); II B cpaH KaK B XO nopT D5
}
void loop() {
vout=analogRead(analogInput); II HSMepeHHe HanpH . Ha nopTY AS
if(vout < 500)digitalWrite(5, LOW); II eCJIH MeH&We 500 B KJI Hl
if(vout> 600)digitalWrite(5, HIGH); II eJIH COJI&WH 600 BKJI Hl
delay(5000); II sa ep Ka 5 ceKYH
}
HOCTLt1 cnY>KLt1T cpOTope3Lt1CTOp R2. BMeCTe C
nepeMeHHblM pe3Lt1CTOpOM R 1 OH 06pa3yeT
CBeT03aBLt1CLt1MbIVi AenLt1Tenb Hanpfl>KeHLt1f1,
nocTynatOLl.\ero Ha aHanOrOBblLl1 BXOA A5 nna-
Tbl Arduino uno. BMeCTO nopTa A5 MO>KHO
Lt1CnOnb30BaTb nt060Vl Lt13 Lt1MetOLl.\Lt1XCfI WeCTLt1
aHanorOBblX nopTOB (AO-A5). Arduino uno
Lt13MepfieT Hanpfl>KeHLt1e Ha 3TOM nopTY, Lt1, B
3aBLt1CLt1MOCTLt1 OT pe3ynbTaTa Lt13MepeHLt1f1,
YCTaHaBnLt1BaeT Ha BblXOAHOM nopTY 05
nLt160 nOrLt14eCKLt1V1 Honb, nLt160 eALt1HLt1l.\Y.
Hanpfl>KeHLt1e C nopTa 05 nocTynaeT Ha
3aTBop noneBoro TpaH3Lt1CTOpa VT1. EcnLt1 Ha
nopTY 05 eALt1HLt1l.\a, TpaH3Lt1CTOp OTKpbIBa-
eTCfI Lt1 pene K1 CBOLt1MLt1 KOHTaKTaMLt1 BKntO-
4aeT naMny H 1.
nopor cBeT04YBcTBLt1TenbHOCTLt1 YCTaHaB-
nLt1BaeTCfI nepeMeHHblM pe3Lt1CTOpOM R1.
KOHe4Ho, 3TO MO>KHO AenaTb Lt1 BHOCfI Lt13Me-
HeHLt1f1 B nporpaMMY, HO OnepaTLt1BHO, Ha
MeCTe YCTaHOBKLt1 cpoTopene, Bce >Ke npOLl.\e
nOKpYTLt1Tb PY4KY, 4eM nOAKIlt04aTbCfI HOYT-
6YKOM K USB-nopTY.
IIlCT04HLt1KOM nLt1TaHLt1f1 cnY>KLt1T ceTeBOVi
6noK nLt1TaHLt1f1 Anfl TeneLt1rpOBOVI npLt1CTaBKLt1
«AeHALt1». Ero HOMLt1HanbHOe BblXOAHoe
Hanpfl>KeHLt1e 9V. Pene K1 TLt1na RAS-1215
paCC4Lt1TaHO Ha HOMLt1HanbHOe Hanpfl>KeHLt1e
06MOTKLt1 12V. Ho, KaK nOKa3blBaeT npaKTLt1Ka,
OHO OTnLt14HO cpa6aTbiBaeT Ha4Lt1Hafi C 7-8V.
nporpaMMa B Ta6IlLt1l.\e 1. Pa60Ta Ha4Lt1-
HaeTCfI C Lt13MepeHLt1f1 Hanpfl>KeHLt1f1 Ha nopTY
A5 B 3TOVI CTpOKe :
vout=analogRead(analogInput);
Hanpfl>KeHLt1e Ha aHanorOBblX BXOAax
Ol.\Lt1cppoBbIBaeTcfI Lt1 Bblpa>KaeTCfI 3Ha4eHLt1eM
C ALt1CKpeTHOCTbtO B 1024 cTyneHbKLt1. TaKLt1M
06pa30M, ecnLt1 nOAaTb MaKCLt1ManbHOe 5V
3TO 6YAeT 1024, a ecnLt1 3aMKHYTb Ha 06 Lt1V1
MLt1HYC, 3TO O. 3Aecb Bbl6paH nopor BKIltO-
4eHLt1f1 naMnbl no YPOBHtO 60nee 600. A no-
por BbIKnt04eHLt1f1 no YPOBHtO MeHee 500.
TaKLt1M 06pa30M, 3aAaeTCfI rLt1CTepe3Lt1C
Me>K,lJ.y nOpOraMLt1 BKnt04eHLt1f1 Lt1 BbIKIlt04eHLt1f1
naMnbl. 3TO npoLt1CXOALt1T B cTpoKax:
if(vout < 500)digitalWrite(5, LOW);
if(vout> 600)digitalWrite(5, HIGH);
3aTeM cneAyeT 3a,lJ,ep>KKa B 5 ceKYH,lJ,:
delay(5000);
nOcne 3aAep>KKLt1 npoLt1CXOALt1T 04epeAHoe
Lt13MepeHLt1e YPOBHfI Ha BXOAe A5 Lt1 npLt1HflTLt1e
peWeHLt1f1 BKIlt04aTb Lt1nLt1 He BKIlt04aTb
CBeTLt1nbHLt1K H 1. Aanee Bce nOBTopfleTCfI
l.\Lt1 Kn Lt14eCKLt1.
BenLt14Lt1HY 3aAep>KKLt1 MO>KHO BbICTaBLt1Tb
nt06ytO, 3Hafl, 4TO 1000 = 1 ceKYHAe.
nOporLt1 cpa6aTbIBaHLt1f1 TO>Ke MO>KHO 3aAaTb
nt06ble B npeAenax OT 0 .0.0 1023.
CxeMa Anfl cpoTopene, pa60TatOLl.\erO co
CBeTLt1nbHLt1KOM Ha 6a3e CBeTOALt10AHOVI
IleHTbl, nOKa3aHa Ha pLt1cYHKe 2.
Pa3HLt1l.\a B BblXOAHOM KaCKaAe. 60nee
MOLl.\HbIVi TpaH3Lt1CTOp, BMeCTO 06MOTKLt1 pene
aaUO Hcmpy mop 03-2021
21
Tenepb CBeTOA OAHafi
IleHTa HL 1. lt1CT04H K
n TaH fI Ha cxeMe He
nOKa3aH. n TaeTCfI
cpOTopene OT Toro >Ke
6nOKa n TaH fI, 4TO
CBeTOA OAHafi neHTa.
3Ta cxeMa 6YAeT
pa60TaTb c nporpaM-
MOLII 3 Ta6n bl 1,
T04HO TaK >Ke, KaK c
naMnOBblM CBeT IlbH -
KOM. To eCTb, Be4epOM
BKnt04aTb ero, a YTPOM
BblKIlt04aTb. Ho CBeTO-
A OAHafi IleHTa AaeT
60n bwe B03MO>KHOCTeLli.
n Tafi ee MnynbcHblM
TOKOM, 3MeHfIfi CKBa>K-
HOCTb MnynbcoB,
MO>KHO peryn poBaTb
flpKOCTb CBe4eH fI
cBeToA oAHOLli neHT .
111 MO>KHO C,lJ,enaTb TaK,
4T06bl CBeTOA OAHafi
neHTa He npOCTO BKIltO-
4anaCb Bb1KIlt04a-
AROUINO UNO VREF +5V
GNO OV
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12 012
11- 011
10- 010
9- 09
8 08
nll1TaHlI1e
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RESET RST
+33V 3V3
+5V 5V ""U
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OV GNO m
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W OTo peJIe2
*1
int analogInput=5; II B 6paH aHaJIOrOB K nopT A5
float vout; II sa aHa nepeMeHHaH JIH sanHCH pesYJI&TaTa HSMepeHHH A5
void setup ()
{
pinMode(5, OUTPUT); II B 6paH KaK B XO nopT D5
}
void loop() {
vout=analogRead(analogInput); II HSMepeHHe HanpH . Ha nopTY A5
if(vout < 300)digitalWrite(5, LOW); II eCJIH MeH&me 300 B KJI.
if (v out < 350, vout > 300)analogWrite(5, 70); II HanaSOH 300-350
if(vout < 400, vout > 350)analogWrite(5, 100); II HanasoH 350-400
if(vout < 450, vout> 400)analogWrite(5, 150); II HanasoH 400-450
if(vout < 500, vout> 450)analogWrite(5, 200); II HanasoH 450-500
if(vout> 600)digitalWrite(5, HIGH); IlecJIH 6oJI&me 600 BKJI.
delay(100);
}
naCb, a 3MeHflna CBOtO flpKOCTb B
3aB C MOCT OT YPOBHfI OCBeLl..\eHHocT .
B Ta6n e 2 np BoA TCfI nporpaMMa, rAe
flpKOCTb cBeToA OAHOLl1 neHTbl 3aB C T OT
22
YPOBHfI OCBeLl..\eHHOCT 3MeHfleTCfI
weCTbtO cTyneHflM .
B nporpaMMe 3aAaHO weCTb YPoBHeLli
Hanpfl>KeH fI Ha nopTY A5, KOTOpblM COOT BeT-
aaUO Hcmpy mop 03-2021
CTBYtOT pa3Hbie YPOBHLt1 CKBa>KHOCTLt1
Lt1MnynbcoB, nocTynatO Lt1X Ha CBeTOALt10AHYtO
neHTY. nOpor nonHoro OTKIlt04eHLt1f1 OCBe e-
HLt1f1 Bbl6paH 300 Lt1 3aAaH B 3TOLII CTpOKe:
if(vout < 300)digitalWrite(5,
LOW);
nOpor nonHoro BKIlt04eHLt1f1 OCBe eHLt1f1
Bbl6paH 600 Lt1 3aAaH B 3TOLII CTpOKe:
if(vout > 600)digitalWrite(5,
HIGH);
npLt1 nonHOM BKnt04eHLt1Lt1 Lt1 nonHOM
BbIKIlt04eHLt1Lt1 OCBe eHLt1f1 nopT 05 pa60TaeT
KaK Lt1cppOBOLII, Lt1 Ha HeM YCTaHaBnLt1BaeTCfI
nLt160 Honb, nLt160 eALt1HLt1 a. B npOMe>KYT04-
HblX 3Ha4eHLt1f1X nopT 05 pa60TaeT KaK aHa-
noroBblLli. To eCTb, Ha HeM cpOpMLt1PYtOTCfI
Lt1Mnynbcbl 3Ha4eHLt1f1 WLt1pOTbl, KOTopble
MorYT 6blTb OT Hynfl .0.0 255.
HanpLt1Mep, B cTpoKe:
if(vout < 350, vout >
300)analogWrite(5,70);
3aAaH ALt1ana30H OT 300 .0.0 350, Lt1 ecnLt1
YPoBeHb BXOAHoro Hanpfl>KeHLt1f1 HaXOALt1TCfI B
3TLt1X npeAenax (3Aecb Lt1 Aanee YKa3aHo
4Lt1CnO cTyneHeK ALt1CKpeTLt13a Lt1Lt1, a He Hanpfl-
>KeHLt1e B BonbTax!), TO Ha nopTY 05 6YAYT
Lt1Mnynbcbl 3HaLleHLt1eM WLt1pOTbl 70.
CBeTOALt10AHafi neHTa 6YAeT CBeTLt1TbCfI C
He60nbwoLli flpKOCTbtO.
A BOT, B ALt1ana30He YPOBHfI BxoAHoro
Hanpfl>KeHLt1f1 OT 350 .0.0 400 WLt1pOTa
Lt1MnynbcoB 6YAeT Y>Ke 100, Lt1 s:lpKOCTb 6YAeT
60nbwe:
if(vout < 400, vout >
350)analogWrite(5,100);
E e 60nbwafl flpKOCTb 6YAeT, ecnLt1
YPoBeHb BxoAHoro Hanpfl>KeHLt1f1 6YAeT B npe-
Aenax OT 400 .0.0 450 :
if(vout < 450, vout >
400)analogWrite(5,150);
if(vout < 500, vout >
450)analogWrite(5,200);
TaKLt1M 06pa30M, 4eM TeMHee 6Y,lJ,eT
eCTeCTBeHHafi oCBe eHHocTb, TeM flp4e
6YAeT CBeTLt1TbCfI CBeTLt1nbHLt1K Ha OCHOBe
CBeTOALt10AHOLli neHTbl H L 1 .
B nporpaMMe 3aAaHbi noporLt1 300-350,
350-400, 400-450, 450-500. nOporLt1 MO>KHO
3aAaTb nt06ble B npeAenax OT 0 .0.0 1023.
MO>KHO CAenaTb Lt1X 60nbwe Lt1nLt1 MeHbwe.
npOMe>KYT04Hble YpOBHLt1 flpKOCTLt1 neHTbl
Bbl6paHbi 70, 100, 150 Lt1 200. TO>Ke, MO>KHO
Bbl6paTb nt06ble YPOBHLt1 B npe,lJ,enax OT 0 ,lJ,0
255.
4TO Lt1HTepeCHo, CHa4ana HY>KHO YKa3blBaTb
BepXHLt1L11 npeAen YPOBHfI, a nOTOM HLt1>KHLt1L11,
TO eCTb, BOT TaK:
if(vout < 350, vout >
300)analogWrite(5, 70);
nonblTKa cAenaTb Ha060pOT:
if(vout > 300, vout <
350)analogWrite(5,70);
n04eMY-TO BblAaeT OWLt16KY.
Hana>KLt1BaHLt1e, He C4Lt1Tafi 3aAaHLt1f1 nopo-
rOB Lt1 YPOBHeLli B nporpaMMax, 3aKIlt04aeTCfI
B HaCTpOLliKe AaT4Lt1Ka YPOBHfI eCTeCTBeHHOLli
OCBe eHHOCTLt1, COCTOfl ero Lt13 cpOTpe3Lt1C-
Topa R2 Lt1 nepeMeH Horo pe3Lt1CTOpa R 1 .
<1>oTope3Lt1CTOp GL3516 MO>KHO 3aMeHLt1Tb Lt1
APyrLt1M, HO cneAyeT 3aMeTLt1Tb, 4TO GL3516
OTHOCLt1TenbHO HLt13KOOMHbILII, Lt1 Lt1CnOnb30Ba-
HlI1e APyroro cpoTope3Lt1CTOpa MO>KeT nOTpe-
60BaTb YBenLt14eHLt1f1 COnpOTLt1BneHLt1f1 R 1.
B cpoTopene Anfl naMnbl (pLt1c.1) 3neKTpo-
MarHLt1THOe pene RAS-1215 MO>KHO 3aMeHLt1Tb
APyrLt1M aHanOrLt14HbIM. Ho, >KenaTenbHO, C
06MOTKOLII Ha 8-9V. Pene RAS-1215 XOT lI1
Ha 12V, HO XopOWO cpa6aTbiBaeT npLt1 8V Ha
06MoTKe. A BOT KaK nOBe.n.YT ce6f1 APyrLt1e
aHanOrLt14Hble pene npLt1 nOHLt1>KeHHOM
Hanpfl>KeHLt1Lt1 MHe He Lt13BeCTHO.
B Ka4eCTBe 6IlOKa nLt1TaHlI1f1 A 1 (pLt1c.1)
>KenaTenbHO Lt1CnOnb30BaTb 6noK C BbIXOA-
HblM Hanpfl>KeHLt1eM 12V.
E e 60Ilbwafl s:tpKOCTb 6YAeT, eCIlil1
YPoBeHb BXOAHoro Hanpfl>KeHLt1f1 OKa>KeTCfI B
npeAenax OT 450 .0.0 500, npLt1 TaKOM YPoBHe
WLt1pOTa Lt1MnynbcoB 6YAeT 200 :
aauo Hcmpy mop 03-2021
KapaSKUH B.
23
npOCToe 4>oTopene
<1>oTopene 06bl4HO Lt1CnOnb3YtOTCfI J].nfl
aBTOMaTLt14eCKOrO BKIlt04eHLt1f1 H04HOrO OCBe-
eHLt1f1, C HacTynneHLt1eM TeMHOTbl. ECTb
04eHb MHOrO CaMblX pa3HbiX no CIlO>KHOCTLt1 Lt1
3neMeHTHO 6a3e cxeM. X04Y npeJ].nO>KLt1Tb
XopOWO npOBepeHHYtO Lt1 J].OCTaT04HO
npOCTYtO cxeMY, nOCTpoeHHYtO Bcero Ha
OJ].HOM TpaH3Lt1CTOpe TLt1na 2N7000 (Lt1nLt1
Kn501 ).
CxeMa COCTOLt1T Lt13 6eCTpaHccpopMaTOp-
Horo «KOHAeHcaTopHoro» 6nOKa nLt1TaHLt1f1 Lt1
cpOTopene Ha OCHOBe cpOTope3Lt1CTOpa,
noneBoro TpaH3Lt1CTOpa Lt1 3neKTpOMarHLt1T-
Horo pene.
Hanpfl>KeHLt1e 3neKTpOCeTLt1 4epe3 KOHJ].eH-
caTOp C 1 Lt1 npeJ].oxpaHLt1TenbHbl pe3Lt1CTOp
R2 nocTynaeT Ha BblnpflMLt1TenbHbl MOCT Ha
J].Lt1oJ].ax VD3-VD6. 3a HLt1M BKIlt04eH cTa6Lt1-
nLt1TpOH VD1 Ha 12V Lt1 Crna>KLt1BatO Lt1 KOH-
J].eHcaTOp C2. Ha cTa6Lt1nLt1TpOHe BblJ].enfl-
eTCfI Hanpfl>KeHLt1e 12V KOTOpblM Lt1 nLt1TaeTCfI
cxeMa cpoTopene.
<1>oToJ].aT4Lt1K COCTOLt1T Lt13 cpoTope3Lt1CTOpa
R4 Lt1 nepeMeHHoro pe3Lt1CTOpa R3. OHLt1
o6pa3YtOT J].enLt1Tenb Hanpfl>KeHLt1f1, KOTopoe
nOJ].aeTCfI Ha 3aTBOp noneBoro TpaH3Lt1CTOpa
VT1. nopor nepeKnt04eHLt1f1 HaCTpaLt1BatOT
nepeMeHHblM pe3Lt1CTOpOM. npLt1 npaBLt1nbHO
ero HacTpo Ke, J].HeM Hanpfl>KeHLt1e Ha
3aTBope HLt13KO, nOToMY 4TO COnpOTLt1BneHLt1e
cpoTope3Lt1CTOpa HaMHoro MeHbwe conpo-
TLt1BneHLt1f1 R2, Lt1 TpaH3Lt1CTOp 3aKpblT. TOK
4epe3 06MOTKY pene He npoxOJ].Lt1T, Lt1 ero
KOHTaKTbl BblKnt04eHbi. CBeTLt1nbHLt1K H 1 He
rOpLt1T.
H04btO COnpOTLt1BneHLt1e cpoTope3Lt1CTOpa
R4 6onbwe, Lt1 Ha 3aTBope VT1 Lt1MeeTCfI
Hanpfl>KeHLt1e, J].OCTaT04Hoe J].nfl ero OTKpbl-
BaHLt1f1. TpaH3Lt1cTop OTKpbIBaeTCfI. Lt1 4epe3
Hero nOJ].aeTCfI TOK Ha 06MOTKY pene K1.
KOHTaKTbl pene BKnt04atOT CBeTLt1nbHLt1K H1.
B cxeMe He npeJ].YCMOTpeHO HLt1KaKLt1X
cpeJ].CTB J].nfl J].OCTLt1>KeHLt1f1 rLt1CTepe3Lt1Ca, HO
3TO Lt1 He HY>KHO. 3J].eCb He 6YJ].eT MHorOKpaT-
Horo nepeKnt04eHLt1f1 pene npLt1 YPOBHe CBeTa
B6nLt13Lt1 nopora. .Qeno B TOM, 4TO OT Hanpfl-
>KeHLt1s:1 Ha cpOTope3Lt1CTOpe 3aBLt1CLt1T CTeneHb
OTKpbITLt1f1 KaHana noneBoro TpaH3Lt1CTopa.
n03TOMY, Lt13MeHeHLt1e TOKa 4epe3 06MOTKY
pene npOLt1CxOJ].Lt1T nnaBHO. npLt1 CHLt1>KeHLt1Lt1
24
C1
1 OuF/630V
!
::c
C2
VD1 470uF/16V
1 N4742
I .
R1
R2 1M
100
. I .-
>
o
N
N
l
K1
GH1 A-12L3.0
R2
.1M
VD2
1 N4007
C3
O!68uF
VT1
2N7000
I
OCBe eHHOCTLt1 TOK 4epe3 06MOTKY pene
nOCTeneHHO HapaCTaeT. 111 B KaKO -TO
MOMeHT J].OCTLt1raeT TOKa cpa6aTbIBaHLt1f1.
Pene BKIlt04aeT CBOLt1MLt1 KOHTaKTaMLt1 CBe-
TLt1nbHLt1K. 111 ecnLt1 OCBe eHHOCTb B T04Ke
YCTaHOBKLt1 cpoTope3Lt1CTOpa HeMHoro nOBbl-
CLt1TCfI, 3TO, KOHe4HO, npLt1BeJ].eT CHLt1>KeHLt1tO
Hanpfl>KeHLt1f1 Ha 3aTBope VT1, Lt1 CHLt1>KeHLt1tO
TOKa 4epe3 06MOTKY pene. Ho, Y nt06oro
3neKTpOMarHLt1THOrO pene eCTb co6CTBeHHbl
rLt1CTepe3Lt1C, Bblpa>KatO Lt1 CfI B pa3nLt14Lt1Lt1
Me>K.QY TOKOM cpa6aTbIBaHLt1f1 Lt1 TOKOM YJ].ep-
>KaHLt1f1. BOT 3TOT rLt1CTepe3Lt1C 3J].eCb Lt1
pa60TaeT Ha nOBblWeHLt1e cTa6Lt1nbHOCTLt1
pa60Tbi cxeMbl B enOM.
.Qnfl cTa6Lt1nbHO pa60Tbi cpOTopene HY>KHO
Kopnyc, rJ].e pacnOnO>KeHO cpOTopene Lt1
cpOTope3Lt1CTOp, pacnOnO>KLt1Tb Ha HeKOTopOM
YJ].aneHLt1Lt1 OT CBeTLt1nbHLt1Ka, Lt1 TaK 4T06bl CBeT
OT CBeTLt1nbHLt1Ka He nonaJ].an Ha cpOTope3Lt1C-
TOp.
Pene GH1A-12L3.0 MO>KHO 3aMeHLt1Tb
J].PyrLt1M aHanOrLt14HblM pene C 06MOTKO Ha
12V COnpOTLt1BneHLt1eM He MeHee 380 OM.
HanUMOB n.n.
aaUO Hcmpy mop 03-2021
CxeMa ynpaB.neH fI
MOTOp'"l KOM OT HDD
BLt1 H4eCTepbl
(>KeCTKLt1e ALt1C-
KLt1) Lt1HOrAa
BblXOAfiT Lt13
CTpOfi. LJa e
BCerO npLt14Lt1Ha
nOnOMKLt1 CO-
CTOLt1T B c06-
CTBeHHO ALt1C-
Ke, Ha KOTO-
pblLl1 BblnOn-
HfleTCfI 3a-
nLt1Cb. npLt1
3TOM 3neKTpO-
MOTOp, npeA-
Ha3Ha4eHHblVi
Anfl Bpa-
eHLt1f1 3TOrO
J],Lt1CKa a6co-
ntOTHO en, Lt1
ero MO>KHO Lt1CnOnb30BaTb B KaKLt1X-TO caMO-
AenbHblx KOHCTPYK Lt1f1X. MOTOp TaM 6ec-
KonneKTOpHblLl1, Tpexcpa3HblLl1, TLt1na BLOC.
TaM Lt1MetOTCfI TpLt1 KaTywKLt1, HaMOTaHHble Ha
CTaTope, a pOTOp npeACTaBnfleT c060Ll1
nOCTOflHHblLl1 MarHLt1T. 3TLt1 KaTywKLt1 OAHLt1M
KOH OM Bce COeALt1HeHbl. B pe3ynbTaTe,
Lt1MeeTCfI 4eTbipe BbIBOAa, - OALt1H 06 Lt1L11 Lt1
TpLt1 no O.lJ,HOMY OT Ka>K.lJ,OLl1 KaTYw KLt1.
LJT06bl TaKOLl1 MOTOp4Lt1K 3apa60Tan, HY>KHO
nOAaBaTb Ha 3TLt1 KaTywKLt1 TOK n004epeAHO,
TaK 4T06bl C03AaBanaCb Bpa atO ee Mar-
HLt1THOe none. 111 OT 4aCTOTbi nepeKIlt04eHLt1f1
3TLt1X KaTyweK 6YAeT 3aBLt1CeTb CKOpOCTb
Bpa eHLt1f1 pOTopa 3Toro 3neKTpOMOTopa.
HaLt160nee npOCTO «ApaLl1Bep» Anfl MOTOp-
4Lt1Ka OT HOD MO>KHO CAenaTb Ha OCHOBe
MLt1KpOCXeMbl K56111lE8, Lt1nLt1 ee 3apy6e>KHOrO
60nee MO Horo aHanora 74HC4017. HY>KHO
OrpaHLt14Lt1Tb C4eT AaHHoro C4eT4Lt1Ka .0.0 3-x
nYTeM COeALt1HeHLt1f1 BblXOAa «3» C BXOAOM
Anfl 06HyneHLt1f1. EcnLt1 Ha BXOA MLt1KpOCXeMbl
nOAaBaTb Lt1Mnynbcbl, TO Ha ee Tpex BblxoAax
«0», «1», «2» KaK pa3 Lt1 6YAYT Lt1Mnynbcbl,
nOAXOAfI Lt1e Anfl cpOpMLt1pOBaHLt1s:1 Bpa atO-
erocfI MarHLt1THOrO nonfl. OCTaeTcfI Lt1X
YCLt1nLt1Tb npLt1 nOMO Lt1 TpaH3Lt1CTOpHbIX KIltO-
4eLl1 Ha MO HbIX TpaH3Lt1CTOpaX AapnLt1HrTOHa
+
C1
0,01 uF
C2
I100uF
R2
360K
01 - C04011
02 - 74HC4017
Lt1 nOAaTb Ha KaTywKLt1 3neKTpOMOTopa.
npLt1H Lt1nLt1anbHas:l cxeMa YCTpOLl1CTBa
ynpaBneHLt1f1 3neKTpOMOTOpOM OT HOD
nOKa3aHa Ha pLt1cYHKe HLt1>Ke. Ha 3neMeHTax
01.1 Lt1 01.2 MLt1KpOCXeMbl 01 BblnonHeH
02
13 V
0 3
1 2
2 4
3 7
8
+5V
R5
1K
VT3
TIP122
V01- V03-1 N4004
MynbTLt1BLt16paTOp, 4acToTY Lt1MnynbcoB KOTO-
poro MO>KHO perynLt1pOBaTb nepeMeHHblM
pe3Lt1CTOpOM R3 B npeAenax OT 130 .0.0 5000
r . Pe3Lt1CTOp R3 cnY>KLt1T perynfiTopoM
4aCTOTbi Bpa eHLt1f1 pOTopa MOTOp4Lt1Ka.
IIlMnynbcbl C BblXOAa 01.2 nocTynatOT Ha
BXOA AeCflTLt14HOrO C4eT4Lt1Ka IAeWLt1cppaTopa
Ha MLt1KpOCXeMe 02 TLt1na 7 4HC4017. C4eT
C4eT4Lt1Ka OrpaHLt14eH TpeMfi nYTeM Coe.lJ,Lt1-
HeHLt1s:1 BblBOAOB 7 Lt1 15. KaK TonbKO COCTOfl-
HLt1e C4eT4Lt1Ka AOCTLt1raeT 3Ha4eHLt1f1 «3», OH
06HynfleTcfI.
II1Mnynbcbl C BblBOAOB 3, 2 Lt1 4 MLt1KpOCXe-
Mbl 02 nocTynatOT Ha TpLt1 TpaH3Lt1CTOpHbIX
KntOLla Ha TpaH3Lt1CTOpaX TLt1na TIP122 (TpaH-
3Lt1CTOpbl AapnLt1HrToHa). B Lt1X KonneKTopHblX
enflx BKIlt04eHbi 06MOTKLt1 3neKTpoMoTopa.
Y 3neKTpoMoTopa HOD eCTb 4eTbipe
BbIBOAa, OALt1H 06 Lt1L11, Lt1 TpLt1 OT 06MOTOK.
OHLt1 04eHb IlerKO onpeAenfitOTcfI npLt1
nOMO Lt1 oMMeTpa, - COnpOTLt1BneHLt1f1 Bcex
06MOTOK OALt1HaKOBbl, n03ToMY 06 Lt1L11 BblBOA
3TO TOT, C KOTOpblM Ka>K.lJ,blLl1 Lt13 APyrLt1X Tpex
AaeT OALt1HaKOBOe COnpOTLt1BneHLt1e.
10pLJYK H.B.
aaUO Hcmpy mop 03-2021
25
CYMepe'"lHbIVl BblKnlO'"IaTenb
C 3a TOVl OT nOMeX 3aCBeTK
IIICXOAHblM COCTOflHLt1eM
CXeMbl TaLIIMepa flBnfleTCfI TO
COCTOflHLt1e, KOrAa Ha BblXOAe
C4eT4Lt1Ka 01 (BbiBoAe 3)
eCTb nOrLt14eCKafi eALt1HLt1 a.
np06neMa MHO-
Lt1X cpoTopeIle,
yn paBnfl tO Lt1X
OCBe eHLt1eM B
TOM, 4TO OHLt1 MO-
rYT AaBaTb nO>K-
Hble Cpa6aTblBa-
H Lt1f1 OT KaKLt1X - TO
KpaTKOBpeMeH-
HblX Lt1CT04HLt1KOB
CBeTa, HanpLt1Mep,
cpap npOe3>KatO-
Lt1X aBTOM06Lt1-
neLII. K TOMY >Ke,
MHOrLt1e cpOTope-
ne 4YBCTBLt1Tenb-
Hbl K 3aCBeTKe OT
ynpaBnfleMoro Lt1MLt1 Lt1CT04HLt1Ka CBeTa. 3TO
Tpe6yeT pa3HeceHHOLII YCTaHOBKLt1 cpOTopene
Lt1 Lt1CT04HLt1Ka CBeTa, KOTOpblM OHO
ynpaBnfleT. 3AeCb n pLt1 BOA Lt1 TCfI cxeMa
cpOTopene, nLt1WeHHOro 3TLt1X HeAOCTaTKOB.
CYTb ero pa60Tbi B TOM, 4TO OHO He CneALt1T
nOCTOflHHO 3a YPoBHeM oCBe eHHOCTLt1, a
npoBepfieT ero 4epe3 Ka>KJ].ble 10 MLt1HYT. B
MOMeHT npOBepKLt1 OCBeTLt1TenbH LII npLt160p
BbiKIlt04aeTCfI Ha 04eHb KopoTKoe BpeMfI,
n03ToMY OWLt16Ka OT 3aCBeTKLt1 Lt1CKIlt04eHa. K
TOMY >Ke, B Te4eHLt1e 3TLt1X 10 MLt1HYT, Me>KJ].Y
npOBepKaMLt1, cpOTopene He 4YBCTBLt1TenbHO K
CBeTY. Ho, TonbKO B TO BpeMfI, KorAa
BKnt04eH ynpaBnfleMblLII Lt1M Lt1CT04HLt1K CBeTa.
EcnLt1 >Ke Lt1CT04HLt1K CBeTa BbIKIlt04eH,
cpoTopene nOCTOflHHO KOHTpOnLt1pyeT
YPoBeHb oCBe eHHOCTLt1, Lt1 BKIlt04Lt1T CBeT
cpa3Y>Ke npLt1 HacTynneHLt1Lt1 TeMHOTbl.
CxeMa nOKa3aHa Ha pLt1cYHKe Bblwe. OHa
COCTOLt1T Lt13 rOTOBoro Lt1MnynbcHoro 6nOKa
nLt1TaHLt1f1 A 1, TaLIIMepa Ha OCHOBe C4eT4Lt1Ka
C04060B C pene Ha BbIXOAe, Lt1 AaT4Lt1Ka
CBeTa.
AaT4Lt1KOM CBeTa flBnfleTCfI cpoTope3Lt1CTOp
R2. OH, BMeCTe C pe3Lt1CTOpOM R1, o6pa3yeT
AenLt1Tenb Hanpfl>KeHLt1f1 Ha BXOAe «R»
(BbIBOA 12) C4eT4Lt1Ka 01. AaT4Lt1K CBeTa
pa60TaeT TonbKO npLt1 HanLt14Lt1Lt1 nOrLt14eCKOLII
eALt1HLt1 bl Ha CTapweM BblXOAe C4eT4Lt1Ka
(BbIBOA 3).
C1 01
0,1 uF C04060B 16
9
10
11
12
R
8192 3
8
26
R5
12K
A.1
AC/OC
BA-2204
-220V
-220V
B 3TOM COCTOflHLt1Lt1, Ha KonneKTope VT2 -
Honb, TpaH3Lt1CTOp VT3 3aKpblT, 06MOTKa
pene K1 06eCT04eHa, Lt1 OCBeTLt1TenbHbILII
npLt160p H 1 BbIKIlt04eH. B TO >Ke BpeMfI,
OTKpblT TpaH3Lt1CTOp VT1, V1 OH 6nOKLt1pyeT
MynbTLt1BLt16paTOp MLt1KpOCXeMbl 01,
cpLt1KCLt1PYfl C4eT4Lt1K B 3TOM COCTOflHLt1Lt1. Ho
3TO e e He Bce. JlorLt14eCKafi eALt1HLt1 a C
BblBOAa 3 01 nocTynaeT Ha pe3Lt1CTOp R1 Lt1
BKIlt04aeT AaT4Lt1K YPOBHfI CBeTa Ha OCHOBe
cpoTope3Lt1CTOpa R2.
EcnLt1 Aeno npoLt1CXOALt1T AHeM, COnpOTLt1B-
neHLt1e R2 nOA AeLIICTBLt1eM conHe4Horo CBeTa
cy ecTBeHHo HLt1>Ke COnpOTLt1BneHLt1f1 R 1.
n03TOMY, Ha BblBOAe 12 01 YAep>KLt1BaeTCfI
Hanpfl>KeHLt1e nOrLt14eCKOro Hynfl. 111 C4eT4Lt1K
TaK Lt1 OCTaeTCfI B COCTOflHLt1Lt1 «8192», CBeT He
BKIl t04aeTCfI.
ApyroLII BapLt1aHT, - TeMHO. Tenepb conpo-
TLt1BneHLt1e R2 COCTaBnfleT COTHLt1 KLt1nOOM Lt1
.0.0 MeraOMa. AenLt1Tenb Hanpfl>KeHLt1f1,
06pa30BaHHbiLII pe3Lt1CTOpaMLt1 R1 Lt1 R2 He TaK
CLt1nbHO nOHLt1>KaeT Hanpfl>KeHLt1e, nocTynatO-
ee C BblxoAa C4eT4Lt1Ka (BblBoAa 3 01).
n03TOMY, Ha BblBOAe 12 01 B03HLt1KaeT
Hanpfl>KeHLt1e, YPOBHfI nOrLt14eCKOLII eALt1HLt1 bl,
KOTopoe 06HynfitOT ero.
S MOMeHT 06HyneHLt1f1 C4eT4Lt1Ka 01 Ha era
BblxoAe (BbiBoAe 3) B03HLt1KaeT nOrLt14eCKLt1L11
Honb. TpaH3Lt1cTop VT2 3aKpblBaeTCfI, Lt1
4epe3 pe3Lt1CTOp R7 Ha 3aTBOp TpaH3Lt1CTOpa
aaUO Hcmpy mop 03-2021
VT3 nocTynaeT OTKpblBatO ee Hanpfl>KeHL--1e.
TpaH3L--1CTOp OTKpblBaeTCs:I L--1 pene K1 BKIltO-
4aeT OCBeTL--1TenbHbILl1 npL--160p H 1.
B 3TO >Ke BpeMfi naAaeT Hanpfl>KeHL--1e Ha
pe3L--1CTOpe R1, L--1 AaT4L--1K YPOBHfI CBeTa
Bb1KIlt04aeTCfI, L--1 cxeMa Tenepb He pearL--1pyeT
HL--1 Ha KaKL--1e L--1CT04HL--1KL--1 CBeTa, B TOM 4L--1Cne L--1
Ha CBeTL--1nbHL--1K H 1. KpoMe Toro, 3aKpblBa-
eTCfI TpaH3L--1CTOp VT1, L--1 nepeCTaeT 6nOKL--1-
pOBaTb MynbTL--1BL--16paTOp ML--1KpOCXeMbl 01.
MynbTL--1BL--16paTOp 3anycKaeTcfI, L--1 reHepL--1-
pyeT L--1MnYIlbcbl, KOTopble C L--1TaeT C eT L--1K
ML--1KpOCXeMbl 01. 4aCTOTa 3TL--1X L--1MnynbcoB
(oKono 0,39 rl..\) nOA06paHa TaK, 4T06bl
eAL--1HL--1l..\a B03HL--1Kana Ha BblBOAe 3 01
npL--1MepHO 4epe3 AeCflTb ML--1HYT nocne
06HyneHL--1f1 C4eT4L--1Ka.
TaK L--1 npOL--1CXOAL--1T, 4epe3 AeCflTb ML--1HYT
Ha BblBOAe 3 01 nOflBnfleTCfI ep,L--1HL--1l..\a.
TpaH3L--1cTop VT2 OTKpblBaeTCfI L--1 nOHL--1>KaeT
Hanpfl>KeHL--1e Ha 3aTBope VT3. TOT 3aKpbl-
BaeTCfI L--1 nocpeAcTBoM pene K1 BbiKIlt04aeT
CBeTL--1nbHL--1K H1. TpaH3L--1cTOp VT1 OTKpbIBa-
eTCfI L--1 6nOKL--1pyeT MynbTL--1BL--16paTOp ML--1KpO-
cxeMbl 01. 111 Ha pe3L--1CTOp R 1 nocTynaeT
Hanpfl>KeHL--1e C BblBOAa 3 01.
Tenepb B03MO>KHbl ABa BapL--1aHTa. EcnL--1
Bce e e TeMHO, TO COnpOTL--1BneHL--1e R2
BenL--1KO, L--1 YPOBeHb nOrL--14eCK0Ll1 eAL--1HL--1l..\bl
4epe3 AenL--1Tenb R1-R2 npOXOAL--1T Ha BblBOA
12 01. C4eT4L--1K 01 06HynfleTcfI. Ha BblBOAe
3 01 onflTb Honb. AaT4L--1K CBeTa BblKntO-
4aeTCfI. TpaH3L--1cTopbl VT1 L--1 VT2 3aKpblBa-
tOTCfI. n03TOMY BKnt04aeTCfI CBeT L--1 CHOBa
Ha4L--1HaeTCfI OTC4eT BpeMeHL--1 B 10 ML--1HYT.
EcnL--1 e, CBeTno, TO COnpOTL--1BneHL--1e R2
Mano, L--1 YPOBeHb nOrL--14eCK0Ll1 eAL--1HL--1l..\bl C
BblxoAa C4eT4L--1Ka 01 (BblBoAa 3) 4epe3
AenL--1Tenb R1-R2 He npOXOAL--1T Ha BblBOA 12
01. TaM OCTaeTCfI Hanpfl>KeHL--1e nOrL--14eCKOro
Hynfl. 111 cxeMa OCTaeTCfI B TaKOM COCTOflHL--1L--1
.0.0 cneAYtO ero nOTeMHeHL--1f1. To eCTb, B
COCTOflHL--1L--1 BbiKIlt04eHHoro CBeTL--1nbHL--1Ka,
BKnt04eHHoro AaT4L--1Ka CBeTa L--1 OCTaHOBneH-
Horo TaLl1Mepa.
nL--1TaeTCfI cxeMa OT rOTOBoro L--1Mnynb-
CHoro L--1CT04HL--1Ka nL--1TaHL--1f1 C BblXOAHblM
Hanpfl>KeHL--1eM 5V. B Ka4eCTBe TaKOBoro
L--1CnOnb3yeTcfI TL--1nOBOe 3apfiAHoe
YCTpOLl1CTBO Ans:l 3apflAKL--1 COTOBblX TeIlecpo-
HOB 4epe3 ML--1KpO USB BXOA. MO>KHO 3aMe-
HL--1Tb nt06blM L--1CT04HL--1KOM nOCTOflHHoro TOKa
Hanpfl>KeHL--1eM 5V L--1 TOKOM He HL--1>Ke 0,05A.
Pene K1 MO>KHO 3aMeHL--1Tb nt06blM pene C
06MOTK0Ll1 Ha 5V. MO HOCTb ero KOHTaKTOB
AOn>KHa AonycKaTb ynpaBneHL--1e HarpY3K0Ll1,
cooTBeTcTBYtO eLl1 MO HOCTL--1 CBeTL--1nbHL--1Ka.
MO>KHO L--1CnOnb30BaTb pene L--1 C 06MOTK0Ll1
Ha 60nee BblCOKoe Hanpfl>KeHL--1e, HO TorAa
HY>KHO 6YAeT L--1 6noK nL--1TaHL--1s:1 3aMeHL--1Tb
TaKL--1M, KOTOpblLl1 Bblpa6aTbiBaeT Hanpfl>KeHL--1e
He06xOAL--1MOe Anfl pa60Tbi pene. MaKCL--1-
ManbHO AonycTL--1MOe Hanpfl>KeHL--1e nL--1TaHL--1f1
ML--1KpOCXeMbl 15V. 3TO He06xOAL--1MO Y4ecTb.
n03TOMY, ecnL--1 pene L--1 L--1CTO HL--1K nL--1TaHL--1s:1
npeAnonaraeTcfI L--1CnOnb30BaTb Ha Hanpfl-
>KeHL--1e 60nee 15V, HY>KHO 6YAeT nOHL--13L--1Tb
Hanpfl>KeHL--1e nL--1TaHL--1f1 ML--1KpOCXeMbl .0.0
AonycTL--1MOrO YPOBHfI. HanpL--1Mep, npL--1
nOMO L--1 cTa6L--1nL--1TpOHa Ha Hanpfl>KeHL--1e OT 5
.0.0 15V, BKIlt04eHHoro napannenbHo C2.
KCTaTL--1, npL--1 nL--1TaHL--1L--1 60nee BbICOKL--1M
Hanpfl>KeHL--1eM HY>KHO He 3a6blTb L--1 npo KOH-
AeHcaToppbl C2 L--1 C3, KOTopble AOn>KHbl
6blTb Ha Hanpfl>KeHL--1e He HL--1>Ke Hanpfl>KeHL--1f1
nL--1TaHL--1f1. Ho, >KenaTenbHO, C 3anaCOM KaK
ML--1HL--1MYM B nonTopa pa3a.
<1>oTope3L--1CTOp R2 MO>KHO 3aMeHL--1Tb nt06blM
APyrL--1M. Ho 3TO MO>KeT nOTpe60BaTb
cy ecTBeHHoro L--13MeHeHL--1f1 COnpOTL--1BneHL--1f1
pe3L--1CTOpa R1.
TpaH3L--1CTOpbl KT3102 MO>KHO 3aMeHL--1Tb
nt06blML--1 aHanOraML--1, HanpL--1Mep, TaKL--1ML--1 KaK
KT315 L--1nL--1 BC549. TpaH3L--1cTop Kn501
MO>KHO 3aMeHL--1Tb Ha Kn505, 2N7000,
2N7002, BS170 L--1nL--1 APyrL--1M.
AL--10A KQ522 MO>KHO 3aMeHL--1Tb nt06blM
KpeMHL--1eBbIM AL--10AOM ManOLl1 MO HOCTL--1.
HanpL--1Mep, K.Q521, K.Q105, K.Q102, 1N4002-
1 N4008, 1 N4148 L--1 TOMY nOA06HbIM.
Hana>KL--1BaHL--1e. 4YBcTBL--1TenbHOcTb OnTL--1-
4eCKoro AaT4L--1Ka CBeTa MO>KHO oTperynL--1-
pOBaTb OnTL--1ManbHO nOA60poM COnpOTL--1B-
neHL--1f1 pe3L--1CTOpa R 1.
npOAOn>KL--1TenbHOcTb naY3, B Te4eHL--1e
KOTOpblX rOpL--1T CBeTL--1nbHL--1K, a cpoToAaT4L--1K
3a6nOKL--1pOBaH, TO eCTb, nepL--10AL--14HOCTb
npOBepKL--1 YPOBHfI cBeTa, MO>KHO YCTaHOBL--1Tb
nOA60poM napaMeTpoB l..\enL--1 C 1-R3.
HeAocTaToK YCTpoLl1cTBa B TOM, 4TO nocne
BKnt04eHL--1f1 nL--1TaHL--1f1 CBeTL--1nbHL--1K rOpL--1T 10
ML--1HYT He3aBL--1CL--1MO OT YPOBHfI OCBe eH-
HOCTL--1. A nOTOM cxeMa BbIXOAL--1T Ha
HopManbHblLl1 pe>KL--1M pa60Tbi.
WacjJupOB 8./11.
aaUO Hcmpy mop 03-2021
27
CBeT nbH K Ha CBeTOA OAHOVl
neHTe C OTOpene TaVl MepOM
Ha BblXOAe 01.2 nOflBnfleTCfI
nOn'14eCKas:l eALt1HLt1 a. TpaH-
3Lt1CTOp VT1 OTKpblBaeTcfI, Lt1
4epe3 pe3Lt1CTOp R9 nOAaeT TOK
Ha CBeTOALt10AHYtO neHTY H L 1 .
CeLl14aC Bce 4a e
AenatOT OCBe eHLt1e Ha
OCHOBe CBeTOALt10AHbIX
neHT. 3Ta cxeMa npeA-
Ha3Ha4eHa Anfl pa60T
co CBeTOALt10AH0Ll1 neH-
TOLl1 6enoro BeTa CBe-
4eHLt1f1. CxeMa 06ecne-
4Lt1BaeT aBTOMaTLt14eCKOe
Ae ypHoe H04Hoe OCBe-
eHLt1e nOHLt1 eHHOLl1
flpKOCTbtO. PY4Hoe BKntO-
4eHLt1e OCBe eHLt1f1 Ha
nonHYtO flpKOCTb C
3aAep K0Ll1 BbIKIlt04eHLt1f1
Ha HeCKonbKO MLt1HYT Lt1
6e3 3aAep KLt1. OpraHbl
ynpaBneHLt1f1, - BblKIlto-
4aTenb Lt1 KHonKa. nntOc,
cpoTope3Lt1CTOp Anfl aBTOMaTLt14eCKOro BKIl to-
4eHLt1f1 Ae ypHoro CBeTa nOHLt1 eHHOLl1
flpKOCTLt1 C HacTynneHLt1eM TeMHOTbl.
CxeMa nOKa3aHa Ha pLt1cYHKe. CxeMa
nLt1TaeTCfI OT Toro e Lt1CT04HLt1Ka nLt1TaHLt1f1,
4TO npeAHa3Ha4eH Anfl CBeTOALt10AH0Ll1
neHTbl. Wenb Lt13 ALt10Aa VO 1 Lt1 KOHAeHcaTopa
C2 rapaHTLt1pyeT TO, 4TO CXeMa 6YAeT
nLt1TaTbCfI nOCTOflHHblM TOKOM, a He nynbCLt1-
PYtO Lt1M, nOTOMY 4TO HeKOTopble Lt1CT04HLt1KLt1
Anfl CBeTOALt10AHbIX neHT AatOT Ha BblXOAe
nOA HarpY3K0Ll1 TOK nynbCLt1pYtO Lt1V1 Lt1nLt1 C
60nbWLt1M YPOBHeM nynbCa Lt1L11.
XOTfi CBeTOALt10AHafi neHTa Lt1 OAHO BeTHafl,
B cxeMe, cpaKTLt14eCKLt1, eCTb ABa KaHana
ynpaBneHLt1f1. ABToMaTLt14eCKLt1L11 KaHan pa60-
TatO Lt1L11 C nOHLt1 eHHOLl1 flpKOCTbtO, Lt1 PY4H0Ll1,
pa60TatO Lt1L11 Ha MaKCLt1ManbHYtO flpKOCTb.
OTopene pa60TaeT B COCTaBe aBTOMa-
TLt14eCKOro KaHana. .QaT4Lt1KOM cny Lt1T cpOTO-
pe3Lt1CTOp R2. BMeCTe C pe3Lt1CTOpOM R1 OH
06pa3yeT AenLt1Tenb Hanpfl eHLt1f1 Ha BXOAe
TpLt1rrepa WMLt1TTa, BblnonHeHHoro Ha ane-
MeHTax 01.1 Lt1 01.2 MLt1KpOCXeMbl 01.
.QaT4Lt1K CBeTa nOA60poM pe3Lt1CTOpa R 1
HaCTpaLt1BatOT TaK, 4T06bl AHeM Ha BblXOAe
01.4 6bln nOrLt14eCKLt1L11 Honb, a H04btO,
Be4epOM - eALt1HLt1 a. TaK BOT, npLt1 npaBLt1nb-
HOLl1 HaCTpOLl1Ke, C HacTynneHLt1eM TeMHOTbl
R2
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COnpOTLt1BneHLt1e R9 CHLt1 aeT TOK, a 3Ha4Lt1T Lt1
flpKOCTb CBe4eHLt1f1 neHTbl H L 1. Conpo-
TLt1BneHLt1e R9 HY HO nOA06paTb B Ka OM
KOHKpeTHOM cnY4ae, TaK 4T06bl nonY4Lt1Tb
HY HbILl1 YPoBeHb CBe4eHLt1f1 neHTbl B pe Lt1Me
pa60Tbi C nOHLt1 eHHOLl1 flpKOCTbtO, C Y4eToM
An Lt1 Hbl neHTbl. Pe Lt1M nOHLt1 eHHOLl1 flpKOCTLt1
Hy eH Anfl Toro, 4T06bl B nOMe eHLt1Lt1 Lt1nLt1
Ha TeppLt1TOpLt1Lt1 He 6blno COBceM TeMHO.
.Qnfl BKIlt04eHLt1f1 Ha nonHYtO flpKOCTb
Lt1CnOnb3yeTcfI BTOpOLl1 KaHan ynpaBneHLt1f1 Ha
aneMeHTax 01.3 Lt1 01.4 MLt1KpOCXeMbl 01.
npLt1 Ha aTLt1Lt1 KHOnKLt1 S 1 npoLt1CXOALt1T
3apfiAKa KOHAeHcaTopa C1 4epe3 pe3Lt1CTOp
R5 Lt1 KHonKY .0.0 Hanpfl eHLt1f1, 6nLt13KOrO K
Hanpfl eHLt1tO nLt1TaHLt1f1 MLt1KpOCxeMbl. Hanpfl-
eHLt1e C aToro KOHAeHcaTopa nocTynaeT Ha
BXOA TpLt1rrepa WMLt1TTa, c06paHHoro Ha ane-
MeHTax 01.3, 01.4 Lt1 pe3Lt1CTOpaX R7 Lt1 R8.
TaK KaK Ha C1 Hanpfl eHLt1e 6nLt13KOe K
Hanpfl eHLt1tO nLt1TaHLt1f1, TO Ha BblXOAe 01.4
YCTaHaBnLt1BaeTCfI nOrLt14eCKafi eALt1HLt1 a,
KOTopafl nocTynaeT Ha 3aTBop noneBoro
TpaH3Lt1CTOpa VT2. TpaH3Lt1cTop OTKpblBaeTcfI
Lt1 nOAaeT nOnHblLl1 TOK Ha CBeTOALt10AHYtO
IleHTY HL 1.
nocne oTnycKaHLt1f1 KHOnKLt1 S 1 KOHAeHcaTop
C1 Ha4Lt1HaeT pa3pfl aTbcfI 4epe3 pe3Lt1CTOp
R6 Lt1 COnpOTLt1BneHLt1e YTe4KLt1 KOHAeHcaTopa.
aaUO Hcmpy mop 03-2021
Hanpfl>KeHLt1e Ha C1 MeJ].neHHO CHLt1>KaeTCfI, Lt1
B KaKOLII-TO MOMeHT J].OCTLt1raeT YPOBHfI
nOrLt14eCKOrO Hynfl J].nfl TpLt1rrepa WMLt1TTa Ha
01.3 Lt1 01.4. B 3aBLt1CLt1MOCTLt1 OT COnpOTLt1B-
neHLt1f1 R6 Lt1 YTe4KLt1 KOHJ].eHcaTopa C 1, Ha
3TO YXOJ].Lt1T BpeMfi B HeCKonbKO MLt1HYT. KaK
TonbKO 3TO npoLt1CXOJ].Lt1T, Ha BbIXOJ].e 01.4
YCTaHaBnLt1BaeTCfI nOrLt14eCKLt1L11 Honb, Lt1 TpaH-
3Lt1CTOp VT2 3aKpblBaeTcfI. Tenepb nLt1TaHLt1e
Ha cBeToJ].Lt1oJ].HYtO neHTY onflTb nocTynaeT
TonbKO 4epe3 R9 Lt1 OTKpblTblVi KaHan VT1.
CBeTOJ].Lt10J].Hafl neHTa CHOBa CBeTLt1T C nOHLt1-
>KeHHOLli flpKOCTbtO.
T aKLt1 M 06pa30M, KHonKa S 1 cnY>KLt1T ,lJ,nfl
BKIlt04eHLt1f1 OCBe eHLt1f1 Ha nonHYtO flpKOCTb
Ha BpeMfi B HeCKonbKO MLt1HYT. ECTb e e
BblKnt04aTenb S2. npLt1 ero BKnt04eHLt1Lt1,
4epe3 Hero Ha BbIBOJ]. 9 01.4 nocTynaeT
nOrLt14eCKLt1L11 Honb. Ha ero BbIXOJ].e 6YJ].eT
eJ].Lt1HLt1 a. TpaH3Lt1CTOp VT2 OTKpblBaeTcfI, Lt1
BKIlt04aeT CBeT Ha nonHYtO flpKOCTb. 3TO
6YJ].eT npoJ].on>KaTbCfI Bce BpeMfI, nOKa S2
BKIlt04eH. A nocne ero BbIKIlt04eHLt1f1 CBeT
cpa3Y>Ke BblKIlt04aeTCfI.
MLt1KpOcxeMY K561JlA7 MO>KHO 3aMeHLt1Tb
Ha K176JlA7, C04011 Lt1 J].pyrLt1e aHanOrLt1.
<1>oTope3Lt1CTOp MO>KHO npLt1MeHLt1Tb Lt1 J].PY-
roLlI, - B nt060M cnY4ae nOTpe6yeTcfI nOJ].6op
COnpOTLt1BneHLt1f1 R 1 npLt1 Hana>KLt1BaHLt1Lt1
nopora 4yscTBLt1TenbHOCTLt1 K cBeTY.
npOJ].on>KLt1TenbHOcTb CBe4eHLt1f1 neHTbl Ha
MaKCLt1MYMe nocne oTnycKaHLt1f1 KHOnKLt1 S 1
MO>KHO YCTaHOBLt1Tb nOJ].6opoM napaMeTpOB
enLt1 C 1-R6.
f706awoB /IT. B.
BblKI1IO'"IaTel1b c 4>oTopel1e
AI1 RGB-cBeTOA OAHOVll1eHTbl
Lt1 ero COnpOTLt1BneHLt1e Ha
MHoro MeHbwe COnpOTLt1Bne-
HLt1f1 pe3Lt1CTOpa R4, n03ToMY
Ha BbIBOJ]. 15 C4eT4Lt1Ka 01
npLt1XOJ].Lt1T eJ].Lt1HLt1 a. C4eT4Lt1K
YCTpOLIICTBO npeJ].-
CTaBnfleT co6oLII
C04eTaHLt1e cpoTope-
ne, aBTOMaTa CBe-
TOBblX 3cpcpeKToB Lt1
BblKnt04aTenfi J].nfl
RGB - CBeTOJ].Lt10J].-
HOLII neHTbl. CBeTo-
J].Lt10J].HYtO neHTY
MO>KHO BKnt04Lt1Tb
Ha pa60TY 6enbiM
CBeTOM KaK Lt1CT04-
HLt1K OCBe eHLt1f1
nOMe eHLt1f1 npLt1
nOMO Lt1 BblKnt04a-
Tenfl. KorJ].a neHTa
3TLt1M BblKnt04aTe-
neM BblKIlt04eHa,
ecnLt1 J].eno npOLt1CXOJ].Lt1T J].HeM, HLt1KaKLt1X
cBeTo3cpcpeKToB HeT, HO H04btO, C HacTynne-
HLt1eM TeMHOTbl, BOCnp0Lt13BOJ].Lt1TCfI CBeTOBOLli
3cpcpeKT, no KOTOPOMY neHTa nepLt10J].Lt14eCKLt1
BCnbIXLt1BaeT pa3HblMLt1 BeTaMLt1. npLt1 BKIltO-
4eHLt1Lt1 BbiKIlt04aTenfl neHTa ropLt1T 6enbiM
nOCTOflHHblM CBeTOM.
BKnt04eHLt1eM CBeTOBblX 3cpcpeKToB ynpaB-
nfieT cpoTope3Lt1CTOp R3. AHeM OH oCBe eH,
R4*
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o6HyneH, Lt1 Ha Lt1CnOnb3yeMblx B 3TOLII cxeMe,
ero BblxoJ].ax (BbIBOJ].bl 2, 10, 6) HynLt1.
TpaH3Lt1cTopbl VT1-VT3 3aKpblTbi. TOK Ha
cBeToJ].Lt1oJ].HYtO neHTY HL 1 He nocTynaeT. Ho,
cBeToJ].Lt1oJ].HYtO neHTY MO>KHO BKIlt04Lt1Tb
nepeKnt04aTeneM S 1, nepeKnt04Lt1B ero B
npOTLt1BOnOnO>KHOe, nOKa3aHHoMY Ha cxeMe,
nOnO>KeHLt1e. npLt1 3TOM. Ha 3aTBopbl TpaH-
3Lt1CTOpOB VT1-VT3 nocTynaeT OTKpblBatO ee
aaUO Hcmpy mop 03-2021
29
Hanpfl>KeHLt1e 4epe3 J].Lt10J].bl VO 1-V03.
TpaH3Lt1cTopbl OTKpbIBatOTCfI, Lt1 TOK nOCTY-
naeT Ha BCe enLt1 CBeTOJ].Lt10J].HOLli neHTbl.
OHa rOpLt1T 6enbiM CBeTOM.
H04btO COnpOTLt1BneHLt1e OTOpe3Lt1CTOpa
R3 Ha MHoro 60nbwe COnpOTLt1BneHLt1f1 R4.
n03TOMY, Ha BbIBOJ].e 15 01 Lt1MeeTCfI Hanpfl-
>KeHLt1e nOrLt14eCKOro Hynfl. C4eT4Lt1K
pa6oTaeT, OH C4Lt1TaeT Lt1Mnynbcbl, KOTopble
reHepLt1PyeT cxeMa Ha MLt1ratO eM CBeTO-
J].Lt1oJ].e HL2. npLt1 Ka>KJ].OM BCnbIXLt1BaHLt1Lt1 MLt1-
ratO ero cBeToJ].Lt1oJ].a H L2 Hanpfl>KeHLt1e Ha
pe3Lt1CTOpe R 1 MeHfleTCfI OT nOrLt14eCKOro
Hynfl ,lJ,O nOrLt14eCKOLli e,lJ,Lt1HLt1 bl. nonY4atOTcfI
Lt1Mnynbcbl 4aCTOTOLli OKono 2 r . 3TLt1
Lt1Mnynbcbl 4epe3 eno4KY R2-C1 nocTynatOT
Ha BXOJ]. C4eT4Lt1Ka 01. C4eT4Lt1K 01 J].eCflTLt14-
HbILII, n03ToMY, npLt1 ero pa6oTe, Ha ero
BblXOJ].ax nepeKIlt04aeTCfI nOrLt14eCKafi eJ].Lt1-
HLt1 a. B pe3ynbTaTe, n004epeJ].HO, C HeKOTO-
pblMLt1 Lt1HTepBanaMLt1, OTKpblBatOTCfI Lt1 3aKpbl-
BatOTCfI TpaH3Lt1CTOpbl VT1-VT3. 3TO npLt1-
BOJ].Lt1T K TOMY, 4TO CBeTOJ].Lt10J].Hafi neHTa
nepLt10J].Lt14eCKLt1 BCn XLt1BaeT CBOLt1MLt1 OCHOB-
HbIMLt1 BeTaMLt1, - KpaCHbIM, 3eneHbiM Lt1
CLt1HLt1M.
BKIlt04Lt1Tb neHTY Ha 6enbiLli nOCTOflHHblLli
CBeT MO>KHO, KaK Lt1 J].HeM, npLt1 nOMO Lt1
nepeKIlt04aTeIlfl 81.
Hana>KLt1BaHLt1e 3aKIlt04aeTCfI HacTpoLliKe
oToJ].aT4Lt1Ka nOJ].6opoM COnpOTLt1BneHLt1f1
pe3Lt1CTOpa R4.
I ypuLJee A
BblKI1IO"IaTel1b C TaVlMepOM
AI1f1 RGB-cBeTOA OAHOVll1eHTbl
CeLll4ac Bce 4a e B Ka4eCTBe OCHOBHOLII
OCBeTLt1TenbHOLli CLt1CTeMbl Lt1CnOnb3YtOT CBeTO-
J].Lt10J].Hble neHTbl. 04eHb yJ].o6Ha RGB-cBeTo-
J].Lt10,lJ,Hafi neHTa, nOToMY 4TO MO>KHO MeHflTb
eeLt1 BeT CBeyeHLt1f1 B WLt1pOKLt1X npeJ].enax.
3J].ecb OnLt1CblBaeTCfI cxeMa BbiKIlt04aTenfi C
3aJ].ep>KKOLli BbIKIlt04eHLt1f1, pa6oTatO ero C
RGB-cBeToJ].Lt1oJ].HOLli neHToLli. 3anycKaeTcfI
OH KHonKoLII, nocne Ha>KaTLt1f1 KOTOpOLII, CBeTO-
J].Lt10J].Hafi neHTa BKIlt04aeTCfI B pe>KLt1Me
6enoro CBeTa (Bce enLt1 BKIlt04eHbl).
OCBe eHLt1e J].nLt1TCfI J].eCflTb MLt1HYT. 3aTeM B
Te4eHLt1e 30 ceKYHJ]. pa60TaeT CBeTOBafi
CLt1rHanLt13a Lt1f1 Toro, 4TO CKOpO 6YJ].eT CBeT
Bb1KIlt04eH. CBeToBafi CLt1rHanLt13a Lt1f1 npeJ].-
CTaBnfleT co6oLII Lt13MeHeHLt1e BeTa neHTbl.
EcnLt1 neHTa MoprHyna Lt1 Ha4ana MeHflTb
BeT, 3TO 3Ha4Lt1T 4TO, CKOpO CBeT 6YJ].eT
BbiKIlt04eH aBTOMaTLt14eCKLt1. 111 ecnLt1 CBeT
e e HY>KeH, HY>KHO e e pa3 Ha>KaTb
nycKoBYtO KHonKY. TaLliMep o6HynLt1TCfI, Lt1
CTaHeT 3aHOBO oTpa6aTbiBaTb Lt1HTepBan B
J].eCflTb MLt1HYT. Bnpo4eM, J].eCflTb MLt1HYT, 3TO
He 06f13aTenbHO. npLt1 Hana>KLt1BaHLt1Lt1, nYTeM
nOJ].6opa napaMeTpOB RC- enLt1 MO>KHO YCTa-
HOBLt1Tb J].pyroLli Lt1HTepBan.
OJ].HO Lt13 Ba>KHbIX J].OCTOLt1HCTB cxeMbl B TOM,
4TO npLt1 BbIKIlt04eHLt1Lt1 CBeTa, OTKnt04eHLt1e
30
npOLt1CXOJ].Lt1T nonHoe, TO eCTb,
BbiKIlt04aeTCfI He TonbKO
CBeTOJ].Lt10J].Hafi IleHTa, HO Lt1
Lt1CT04HLt1K nLt1TaHLt1f1 CBeTO-
J].Lt10J].HOLli neHTbl, Lt1 3TO caMoe
YCTPOLIICTBO.
PaCCMOTpLt1M cxeMY. IIlCT04HLt1KOM nLt1TaHLt1f1
CBeTOJ].Lt10J].HOLli neHTbl Lt1 J].aHHOVI cxeMbl
cnY>KLt1T rOTOBblLli Lt1MnynbcHblLli Lt1CT04HLt1K TOKa
Hanpfl>KeHLt1eM 12V, npeJ].Ha3Ha4eHHblLli J].nfl
nLt1TaHLt1f1 CBeTOJ].Lt10J].HbIX neHT. OH Ha cxeMe
o603Ha4eH KaK A 1.
nYCKOBOLli KHonKOLli cnY>KLt1T KHonKa 81. 3TO
C,lJ,BOeHHafi KHonKa TLt1na KMA-2-1, HO MO>KHO
Lt1CnOnb30BaTb Lt1 nt06ytO J].pyrytO, aHanOrLt14-
HYtO no CLt1ne TOKa Lt1 J].onycTLt1MoMY Hanpfl-
>KeHLt1tO, cJ].BoeHHYtO KHonKY.
npLt1 Ha>KaTLt1Lt1 Ha 81 BepXHflfI, no cxeMe,
CeK Lt1f1 nOJ].aeT Hanpfl>KeHLt1e 3neKTpOCeTLt1 Ha
BXOJ]. Lt1CT04HLt1Ka nLt1TaHLt1f1 A 1. npLt1 3TOM
HLt1>KHflfI, no cxeMe, CeK Lt1f1 81 coeJ].Lt1HfleT
BbIBOJ].bl 16 Lt1 12 MLt1KpOCXeMbl 01. B pe3ynb-
TaTe, Ha4Lt1HaeT pa60TaTb 6nOK nLt1TaHLt1f1 A 1,
Lt1 Hanpfl>KeHLt1e C ero BbIXOJ].a nocTynaeT Ha
MLt1KpOcxeMY 01 4epe3 pe3Lt1CTOp R4. npLt1
3TOM, 4epe3 HLt1>KHtOtO, no cxeMe, CeK Lt1tO 81
Ha BXOJ]. «R» MLt1KpOCXeMbl 01 cnY>Ka Lt1L11
J].nfl o6HyneHLt1f1 ee C4eT4Lt1Ka, nocTynaeT
Hanpfl>KeHLt1e nOrLt14eCKOLli eJ].Lt1HLt1 bl. C4eT4Lt1K
o6HynfleTcfI. HynLt1 C ero BbIXOJ].OB nOCTY-
natOT Ha BXOJ].bl 3neMeHTOB MLt1KpOCXeMbl 02,
Lt1 Ha Lt1X BblXOJ].ax B03HLt1KatOT nOrLt14eCKLt1e
eJ].Lt1HLt1 bl. 3TLt1 eJ].Lt1HLt1 bl nocTynatOT Ha
aaUO Hcmpy mop 03-2021
3aTBOp nOneB X
TpaH3Lt1CTOpOB VT1-
VT4, KOTOpble BCe
OTKpbl BatOTCfI. 4epe3
TpaH3Lt1CTOp VT 4 nocTY-
naeT TOK Ha 06MOTKY
pelle K1, ero KOHTaKTbl,
BKIlt04eHHbie napan-
nenbHO BepxHe , no
cxeMe, CeK Lt1Lt1 81,
3aMblKatOTCfI. Tenepb,
nocne oTnycKaHLt1s:1
KHOnKLt1 81, Hanpfl>Ke-
HLt1e Lt13 3neKTpOCeTLt1
6YAeT nocTynaTb Ha
6noK nLt1TaHLt1f1 4epe3
KOHTaKTbl pene K1.1.
OTKpbIBWLt1eCfI TpaH-
3Lt1CTOpbl VT1-VT3
nOAatOT TOK Ha Bce TpLt1
enLt1 CBeTOALt10AHO
neHTbl H L 1 , Lt1 OHa
CBeTLt1T 6enbiM CBeTOM.
TaK KaK KHonKY 81
Y>Ke oTnycTLt1n Lt1, ee
KOHTaKTbl pa30MKHYTbl,
Lt1 Ha BXOA «R» 0 1
60nbwe He nocTynaeT
nOrLt14eCKafi eALt1HLt1 a.
nOCTynaeT Honb 4epe3 pe3Lt1CTOp R 1.
C4eT4Lt1K Ha4Lt1HaeT pa6oTaTb, Lt1 C4Lt1TaTb
Lt1Mnynbcbl OT CBoero BCTpoeHHoro reHepa-
Topa. COCTOflHLt1f1 ero BblXOAOB MeHfltOTCfI,
HO, AO Tex nop, nOKa He nOflBLt1TCfI nOrLt14eC-
Kafl eALt1HLt1 a Ha caMOM ero CTapweM
BblXOAe (BbiBoAe 3) Lt13MeHeHLt1f1 B BeTe
CBe4eHLt1f1 CBeTOALt10AHO neHTbl He
npOLt1CXOALt1T. Aeno B TOM, 4TO Bce BTopble
BXOAbl nOrLt14eCKLt1X 3neMeHTOB MLt1KpOCXeMbl
02 COeALt1HeHbl BMeCTe, Lt1 C BblBOAOM 3 01.
n03TOMY, nOKa Ha BblBOAe 3 01 Honb, Ha
BblXOAax 3TLt1X 3neMeHTOB 6YAYT eALt1HLt1 bl,
He3aBLt1CLt1MO OT Toro, KaKLt1e nOrLt14eCKLt1e
YPOBHLt1 eCTb Ha Lt1X nepBblX BXOAax.
npLt1 YKa3aHHbix Ha cxeMe napaMeTpax RC-
enLt1 C2-R2, Ha BblBOAe 3 01 nOrLt14eCKafi
eALt1HLt1 a YCTaHOBLt1TCfI 4epe3 10 MLt1HYT
nocne Ha>KaTLt1f1 Lt1 oTnycKaHLt1f1 KHOnKLt1 81.
KaK TonbKO 3TO npOLt1CXOALt1T, nOrLt14eCKLt1e
3lleMeHTbi MLt1KpOCXeMbl 02 Ha4Lt1HatOT
pearLt1pOBaTb Ha nOrLt14eCKLt1e YPOBHLt1 Ha
CBOLt1X nepBblx BXOAax. B pe3ynbTaTe,
nOrLt14eCKLt1e YPOBHLt1 Ha BblXOAax 3neMeHTOB
-220V
K1.1
-220V
UF-
I
C1
100uF/16V
+
I
12 R
R1
8 j 2K
>
a
C'\I
C'\I
l
A1
AC/OC 12V
+
R4 470
"
16
VT1
HL 1
R
16 5
32 4
B
+V
C2
OJ056uF
01
C04060B
64 6
G
XR 8192 3
8 02- C04011 B
VT1-VT4 - IRLU024N
512 15
02.1, 02.2, 02.3 Ha4Lt1HatOT Lt13MeHflTbCfI
cornaCHO Lt1HBepCHOMY AB0Lt14HOMY KOAY,
Lt1MetO eMYCfI Ha BblBOAax 5, 4 Lt1 6 01. 3TLt1
Lt13MeHeHLt1f1 npLt1BOAfiT K TOMY, 4TO MeHfleTCfI
KOM6Lt1Ha Lt1f1 OTKpblTblX KaHanOB TpaH3Lt1CTO-
pOB VT1-VT3, Lt1 Lt13MeHfltOTCfI, COOTBeTCTBeH-
HO, KOM6Lt1Ha Lt1f1 BKIlt04eHHbiX BeTOBbIX
ene CBeTOALt10AHO neHTbl H L 1. 3TO npLt1-
BOALt1T K Lt13MeHeHLt1tO BeTa CBe4eHLt1f1 neHTbl
ceMbtO rpaAa Lt1f1MLt1, Lt1 ee KpaTKOBpeMeHHblM
nOraCaHLt1f1M 4epe3 Ka>KJ].ble ceMb rpaAa Lt1
BeTa. 3TO nOBeAeHLt1e CBeTOALt10AHO
neHTbl cnY>KLt1T CLt1rHanOM Toro, 4TO 4epe3 30
ceKYHA CBeTOALt10AHafi neHTa Bb1Kllt04Lt1TCfI
nonHOCTbtO. 1Il3MeHeHLt1e BeTa He norpY>KaeT
4enOBeKa B TeMHOTY, OCBe eHLt1e npoAon-
>KaeTCfI, XOTfi Lt1 MeHfleTCfI ero BeT, Lt1 ecnLt1
oCBe eHLt1e e e HY>KHO, cneAyeT Ha>KaTb
KHonKY 81 e e pa3. npLt1 3TOM ee HLt1>KHflfI,
no cxeMe, KOHTaKTHafi rpynna o6HynfieT
C4eT4Lt1K 01 4TO npLt1BOALt1T K B03Bpa eHLt1tO
B Lt1CXOAHOe COCTOflHLt1e, KorAa neHTa rOpLt1T
6enbiM CBeTOM, Lt1 Ha4Lt1HaeTCfI HOBbl OTC4eT
10-MLt1HYTHoro Lt1HTepBana.
aaUO Hcmpy mop 03-2021
31
EcnLt1 >Ke CBeT He HY>KeH, Lt1 KHonKY S 1 He
Ha>Kan Lt1, BeT neHTbl MeHfleTCfI OKono 30
ceKYHA, 3aTeM nOflBnfleTCfI nOrLt14eCKafi
eALt1HLt1 a Ha BblBOAe 15 01. Tenepb Ha 06a
BXOAa aneMeHTa 02.4 nocTynatOT nOrLt14eC-
KLt1e eALt1HLt1 bl. Ha ero BblXOAe YCTaHaBnLt1-
BaeTCfI Honb. TpaH3Lt1CTOp VT4 3aKpblBaeTCfI,
Lt1 pene K1 pa3MbiKaeT CBOLt1 KOHTaKTbl,
OTKIlt04afl BCtO cxeMY OT aneKTpOCeTLt1.
B Ka4eCTBe Lt1CT04HLt1Ka nLt1TaHLt1f1 A 1 MO>KHO
Lt1CnOnb30BaTb nt060Vl Lt1CT04HLt1K nLt1TaHLt1f1 Anfl
12-BonbToBblX CBeTOALt10AHbIX neHT.
Pene K1 - nt060e pene C 06MOTKOVI Ha 12V
Lt1 KOHTaKTaMLt1, paCC4Lt1TaHHbIMLt1 Ha KOMMYTa-
Lt1tO nepeMeHHoro TOKa 220V npLt1 CLt1ne TOKa
He HLt1>Ke 1 A.
npOCTafi C rHal1 3a fI
AI1f1 He6011 bWOrO CKl1aAa
Anfl oxpaHbl He60nbWLt1X CKnaACKLt1X,
OcpLt1CHbIX Lt1nLt1 nOAc06HbiX nOMe eHLt1V1,
COAep>KLt1MOe KOTOpblX He HaCTonbKO eHHO,
4T06bl Lt1MenO CMblcn YCTaHaBnLt1BaTb
CnO>KHYtO Lt1 AoporytO oxpaHHYtO CLt1CTeMY,
BnonHe nOAOVlAeT aTO npOCToe YCTPOVlCTBO,
cpa6aTblBatO ee Ha ABepHOVI repKOHOBblVi
AaT4Lt1K, Lt1 pa60TatO ee Ha aneKTpOHHYtO
CLt1peHY.
npLt1H Lt1nLt1anbHafi cxeMa oxpaHHoro
YCTpOVlCTBa nOKa3aHa Ha pLt1CYHKe. CLt1rHanLt1-
3a Lt1f1 pa60TaeT Ha CLt1peHY B 1, B Ka4eCTBe
KOTOpOVI Lt1CnOnb3yeTcfI CTaHAapTHafi CLt1peHa
Anfl aBTOM06Lt1nbHOVI CLt1rHanLt13a Lt1Lt1. 3TLt1M
06ycnoBneHo Hanpfl>KeHLt1e nLt1TaHLt1f1 CXeMbl.
OCHOBY cxeMbl COCTaBnfleT nOrLt14eCKafi
MLt1KpOCXeMa 01 TLt1na K561JlE10 (Lt1nLt1
3apy6e>KHblVi aHanor 4025). 3Ta MLt1KpOCXeMa
COCTOLt1T Lt13 Tpex nOrLt14eCKLt1X aneMeHTOB
«3I1lJlIll-HE» KMOn nOrLt1KLt1.
AaT4Lt1KOM cnY>KLt1T TLt1nOBOVI repKOHOBblLl1
AaT4Lt1K nOnO>KeHLt1f1 ABepLt1, WLt1pOKO Lt1CnOnb-
3yeMblVi B oxpaHHblx CLt1rHanLt13a Lt1f1X. 3TOT
AaT4Lt1K COCTOLt1T Lt13 ABYX nOnOBLt1H, - repKoHo-
BOVl, 3aKpennfleMoVi Ha HenOABLt1>KHOVI 4aCTLt1
ABepHoro npoeMa, Lt1 MarHLt1THOVl, 3aKpennfl-
eMoVi Ha nOABLt1>KHOVI 4aCTLt1 (Ha, c06cTBeHHo,
ABepLt1). nOnOBLt1Hbl pacnOnO>KeHbl TaK, 4TO
KorAa ABepb 3aKpblTa MarHLt1T AeVlcTByeT Ha
32
TpaH3Lt1cTOPbl IRLU024N MO>KHO 3aMeHLt1Tb
APyrLt1MLt1. Ho HY>KHO Y4Lt1TbIBaTb pa604Lt1V1 TOK
Lt1 6paTb TpaH3Lt1CTOpbl C ManblM COnpOTLt1B-
neHLt1e OTKpblToro KaHana. Anfl VT1-VT3
HY>KHO Lt1CXOALt1Tb Lt13 AnLt1Hbl CBeTOALt10AHOVI
neHTbl, OT KOTOPOVI CLt1nbHO 3aBLt1CLt1T CLt1na
TOKa. CLt1ny TOKa MO>KHO paCC4Lt1TaTb Lt13
MO HOCTLt1 Ha MeTp AnLt1Hbl, KOTopafl 06b14HO,
YKa3blBaeTcfI Ha aTLt1KeTKe PynoHa co
CBeTOALt10AHOVI neHToVi. A VT 4 ynpaBnfleT
06MOTKOVI pene K1. TOK TaM He60nbWOVl, He
60nee 50 mA, noaToMY Ha MeCTe VT 4 MO>KHO
YCTaHOBLt1Tb ManoMo HblVi TpaH3Lt1CTOp,
HanpLt1Mep. Kn501.
f7bOJ(UH P.
repKOH, Lt1 ero KOHTaKTbl 3aMblKatOTCfI.
A npLt1 OTKpbIBaHLt1Lt1 ABepLt1 MarHLt1T
OTXOALt1T OT repKoHa, Lt1 ero KOHTaKTbl
pa3MblKatOTcfI.
Ha ,lJ,BYX aneMeHTax 01.2 Lt1 01.3
MLt1KpOCXeMbl 01 c06paH RS-TpLt1rrep C
enbtO 06paTHoro c6poca Ha C2 Lt1 R4. KaK
TonbKO TpLt1rrep YCTaHaBnLt1BaeTCfI B COCTOfl-
HLt1e C nOrLt14eCKOVI eALt1HLt1 eVl Ha BblXOAe 01.3
KOH,lJ,eHCaTOp C2 Ha4Lt1HaeT Me,lJ,neHHO
3apfl>KaTbCfI 4epe3 R4, Lt1 npLt1MepHO 4epe3
20 ceKYHA Hanpfl>KeHLt1e Ha HeM AOCTLt1raeT
nopora cpa6aTbIBaHLt1f1 nOrLt14eCKOVI eALt1HLt1 bl.
111 TpLt1rrep B03Bpa aeTCfI B Lt1CXOAHOe
nOnO>KeHLt1e.
6nOKLt1pOBKa TpLt1rrepa ocy ecTBnfleTCfI
enbtO C1-R3. nOKa C1 pa3pfl>KeH, Lt1nLt1
3aMKHYT 6nOKLt1pYtO Lt1V1 BbiKIlt04aTenb S 10,
Hanpfl>KeHLt1e Ha BblBOAe 12 01.3 - norLt1-
4eCKafi eALt1HLt1 a. Ha BblBOA 5 01.1 TO>Ke
nocTynaeT nOrLt14eCKafi eALt1HLt1 a. nOKa eCTb
TaKoe COCTOflHLt1e Hanpfl>KeHLt1e Ha BblXOAe
aneMeHTa 01.3 He 3aBLt1CLt1T OT Hanpfl>KeHLt1e
Ha COeALt1HeHHbIX BMeCTe BblBOAax 1 Lt1 2 ane-
MeHTa 01.2. 111 aneMeHT 01.1 OCTaeTCfI
3a6nOKLt1pOBaHHbIM Lt1 He pearLt1pyeT Ha
AaT4Lt1K. noaTOMY cxeMa Ha COCTOflHLt1e
AaT4Lt1Ka He pearLt1pyeT. nocne BbIKnt04eHLt1f1
S 10 KOHAeHcaTOp C 1 4epe3 pe3Lt1CTOp R3
Ha4Lt1HaeT MeAneHHO 3apfl>KaTbCfI Lt1
npLt1MepHO 4epe3 20 ceKYHA Hanpfl>KeHLt1e Ha
HeM AOCTLt1raeT nopora cpa6aTbIBaHLt1f1
nOrLt14eCKOro Hynfl. Tenepb TpLt1rrep 6YAeT
pearLt1pOBaTb Ha AaT4Lt1K, Lt1 npLt1 ero cpa-
aaUO Hcmpy mop 03-2021
- - - - - - - - - - - - - OJ].HOBpeMeHHO TOnbKO KHOnKLt1,
06pa3YtO Lt1e KOJ].. Bo BCeX OCTanbHblX
CnY4aflX enb He 3aMblKaeTCfI. KoJ].
3aJ].aeTCfI MOHTa>KOM KHonOK. Ha
pLt1CYHKe nOKa3aH BapLt1aHT J].nfl KOJ].a
«045», - npLt1 oJ].HoBpeMeHHoM Ha>KaTLt1Lt1
KHonOK 80, 84 Lt1 85 enb 3aMbiKaeTCfI Lt1
pa3pfl>KaeT KOHJ].eHcaTOp C 1. T enepb
OKono 20 ceKYHJ]. cxeMa He 6YJ].eT
pearLt1pOBaTb Ha J].aT4Lt1K, MO>KHO BOLl1TLt1 B
nOMe eHLt1e Lt1 OKOH4aTenbHO 3a6nOKLt1-
pOBaTb CLt1rHanLt13a Lt1tO BbiKIlt04aTeneM
810 (BKIlt04Lt1Tb ero).
BpeMfI, B Te4eHLt1e KOToporo cxeMa He
4YBCTBLt1TenbHa K J].aT4Lt1KY 3aBLt1CLt1T OT
napaMeTpOB enLt1 C1-R3.
MLt1HLt1ManbHOe BpeMfI, B Te4eHLt1e
KOToporo 3BY4Lt1T CLt1rHanLt13a Lt1f1 3aBLt1CLt1T
OT enLt1 R4-C2.
KHOnKLt1 80-89 - TYM6nepHble, nepe-
KIlt04atO Lt1e, 6e3 cPLt1KCa Lt1Lt1.
MOHTa>K nOrLt14eCK0Ll1 4aCTLt1 BblnOnHeH
Ha ne4aTH0Ll1 nnaTe, nOKa3aHH0Ll1 Ha
pLt1cYHKe. HY>KHO CJ].enaTb nepeMbl4KY
L _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ J Me>K.QY BbIBOJ].aMLt1 5 Lt1 12 MLt1KpOCXeMbl.
KHOnKLt1 KIlaBLt1aTypbl 80-89 YCTaHoB-
IleHbl Ha oTJ].enbHOLl1 naHenLt1, Lt1 pacnaflHbl
MOHTa>KHbIMLt1 npOBOJ].HLt1KaMLt1 COOTBeTCTBeH-
HO KOJ].Y
6aT BaHLt1Lt1 Ha
BbIXOJ].e 01.3 YCTa-
HOBLt1TCfI nOrLt14eC-
Kafl eJ].Lt1HLt1 a. Knt04
Ha noneBOM TpaH-
3Lt1CTOpe VT1 OTKpO-
eTCfI Lt1 nOJ].aCTCfI
nLt1TaHLt1e Ha CLt1peHY.
OTKIlt04eHLt1e CLt1r-
HanLt13a Lt1Lt1 npOLt1C-
XOJ].Lt1T B J].Ba 3Tana.
CHa aIla HY>KHO
Ha>KaTb KHOnKLt1 KOJ].a
Ha KIlaBLt1aType Lt13
KHonOK 80-81 .
KnaBLt1aTypa cJ].ena-
Ha no cxeMe
npOCToro KOJ].OBoro
3aMKa. Bce KHOnKLt1
nepeKIl t04atO Lt1e.
Bce BKIlt04eHbi
nocneJ].OBaTenbHO B
enb, HO KHOnKLt1,
1;'
p
.
C2
-H
.
SG1 .1
.
.
14.
.
· 01 ·
.
.
R2
.
.
.7
8.
SG1
--
.
.
.
.
.
o.
..--
(1)
2>
(1).
C1
T
C3T
+12V
.
+81
! VT1
-81
.
-12V
.
06pa3YtO Lt1e KOJ]. BKIlt04eHbi HopManbHO
pa30MKHYTbIMLt1 KOHTaKTaMLt1, a Bce OCTanb-
Hble - HopManbHO 3aMKHYTbIMLt1. B pe3ynb-
TaTe enb 3aMbiKaeTCfI ecnLt1 Ha>KaTb
+12V
+ C3
"'I' OOOM
14
r-<-12V
D1-K561JlE10
C2
I10M
KapaSKUH B.
aaUO Hcmpy mop 03-2021
33
5eCKOHTaKTH bl VI Bbl K.n 10 "I aTe.n b
A.nfl YMblBa.nbHiIIKa
YCTpOLl1CTBO npeAHa3Ha4eHo Anfl
6eCKOHTaKTHOrO BKIlt04eHLt1f1 YMbIBanbHLt1Ka.
To eCTb, He HY)I{HO npLt1KaCaTbCs:I HLt1 K 4eMY,
AOCTaT04HO TonbKO nOAHeCTLt1 PYKY K
ceHCOPY. OALt1H pa3 nOAHec, - nOAa4a BOAbl
BKnt04Lt1naCb, e e pa3 nOAHec, - BbIKIlt04Lt1-
naCb. TaKoe YCTPOLl1CTBO MO)l{eT 6blTb
1
R1*
560
PLt1c.2.
"
C2 R4100K
O,68ufI.
none3HbiM TaM, rAe He )l{enaTenbHO
rpfl3HblMLt1 PYKaMLt1 npLt1KaCaTbCfI K BeHTLt1nflM
Lt1nLt1 pbl4a)l{KaM BOAonpOBOAHoro KpaHa.
CxeMa, nOKa3aHHafi Ha pLt1cYHKe 2, pa60-
TaeT C norpY)I{HblM HaCOCOM, nLt1TatO Lt1MCfI
OT 3neKTpOCeTLt1. 3Ta cxeMa npLt1rOAHa Anfl
MeCT, rAe HeT ueHTpanbHoro BOAonpoBoAa Lt1
BOAY HY)I{HO nOAaBaTb Lt13 KonOAua Lt1nLt1 Lt13
pe3epByapa. EcnLt1 )l{e HY)I{HO pa60TaTb C
ueHTpanbHblM BOAonpoBoAoM, npocTo
HY)I{HO BMeCTO norpY)I{HOrO Hacoca nOAKntO-
4Lt1Tb BOAflHOLl1 KIlanaH C 06MOTK0Ll1 Ha
nepeMeHHblLl1 TOK Hanpfl)l{eHLt1eM 220V. TaKLt1e
KIlanaHbl 6blBatOT B npoAa)l{e B Mara3Lt1HaX
caHTeXHLt1KLt1 Lt1nLt1 Aa4Horo 060PYAoBaHLt1f1.
OHLt1 nponycKatOT BOAY TonbKO TorAa, KorAa
Ha Lt1X COneHOLt1A nOAaeTCfI TOK.
CeHcop - caMoAenbHblLl1. 6blno )l{enaHLt1e
npLt16peCTLt1 rOTOBblLl1 TLt1na HOA 1405 Lt1nLt1
aHanOrLt14HbILl1, HO, YBbl, HeT nLt160 04eHb .0.0-
poro. n03TOMY ceHcop caMoAenbHblLl1, co-
CTOLt1T Lt13 111 K-CBeTOALt10Aa ALt1aMeTpOM 3 MM Lt1
II1K-cpoToTpaH3Lt1CTOpa, TO)l{e ALt1aMeTpOM 3
MM. CxeMa KOHCTPYKULt1Lt1 AaT4Lt1Ka nOKa3aHa
Ha pLt1cYHKe 1. B3f1T AepeBflHHblLl1 6PYCOK, Lt1
Ha paCCTOflHLt1Lt1 2 CM APyr OT APyra npocBep-
34
OTSepCTlIIs:I
l \
5PY I_I_1
PLt1c.1.
HL 1 VT1
+
A1 >
AC/DC
0J
l
K1 5V
HF7FF/05-1 H -
IC3
470uF
-220V
VD1
1 N4004
...,
I
I
I
L_
neHbl B HeM ABa OTBepCTLt1f1 ALt1aMeTpOM no
3,5 MM. B 3TLt1 OTBepCTLt1f1 BCTaBneHbl IIlK-
CBeTOALt10A Lt1 IIlK-cpOTopaH3Lt1CTOp. BCTaB-
neHbl TaK, 4T06bl He BblcTynanLt1 HapY)I{Y, a
6blnLt1 BpOBeHb C nOBepXHOCTbtO 6PYCKa.
3aTeM, C 06paTH0Ll1 CTOpOHbl, rAe BbIBOAbl,
3acpLt1KCLt1pOBaHbl npLt1 nOMO Lt1 KIlefi TLt1na
«MOMeHT». KneLl1 AOn)l{eH 6blTb rYCTbIM,
HeMHoro nOACOXWLt1M Lt1nLt1 CMeWaLl1Te ero C
MYKOLl1, 4T06bl OH He npOTeK Ha nLt1ueBYtO
4aCTb AaT4Lt1Ka.
npLt1HULt1nLt1anbHafi 3neKTpLt14eCKafi cxeMa
BbiKIlt04aTenfi nOKa3aHa Ha pLt1cYHKe 2.
CxeMa nLt1TaeTCfI OT rOTOBoro Lt1CT04HLt1Ka
nLt1TaHLt1f1 C BblXOAHblM Hanpfl)l{eHLt1eM 5V. 3TO
TLt1nOBOe 3apfiAHoe YCTpOLl1CTBO Anfl M06Lt1nb-
HblX TenecpoHoB. Ho MO)l{HO B3f1Tb nt060Ll1
APyrOLl1 Lt1CT04HLt1K nOCTOflHHoro TOKa Hanpfl-
)l{eHLt1eM 5V.
npLt1 BKIlt04eHLt1Lt1 B ceTb uenb C1-R3 YCTa-
HaBnLt1BaeT TpLt1rrep 01 B HyneBoe nono)l{e-
HLt1e. 3TO HY)I{HO Anfl Toro, 4T06bl B cnY4ae
nepepblBa B 3neKTpOnLt1TaHLt1Lt1 He np0Lt130WnO
caMOnp0Lt13BOnbHoro BKIlt04eHLt1f1 nOAa4Lt1
BOAb!. B TaKOM COCTOflHLt1Lt1 Ha BblXOAe 01
Honb, 3TOT YPoBeHb nocTynaeT Ha 3aTBOp
aaUO Hcmpy mop 03-2021
VT2. T paH3Lt1CTOp 3aKpblT, Lt1 pene He nOAaeT
TOK Ha Hacoc M1 (Lt1IlLt1 KIlanaH, ecnLt1 OH
nOAKIlt04eH BMeCTO Hacoca).
AaT4Lt1K COCTOLt1T Lt13 IIlK-cBeTOALt10Aa HL 1 Lt1
IIlK-cpoToTpaH3Lt1CTOpa VT1. Ha HL 1 Bce
BpeMfi nocTynaeT nOCTOflHHblLli TOK 4epe3
pe3Lt1CTOp R 1! n03TOMY CBeTOALt10A nOCTOflH-
HO Lt13nY4aeT IIlK-Lt13nY4eHLt1e. CLt1ny TOKa
4epe3 Hero, a 3Ha4Lt1T, Lt1 MO HOCTb IIlK-
Lt13nY4eHLt1f1 MO>KHO perynLt1pOBaTb nOA60pOM
COnpOTLt1BneHLt1f1 R 1. <1>oToTpaH3Lt1CTOP VT1,
KorAa Ha Hero He nocTynaeT lt1 K-Lt13nY\.leHLt1e
OT HL 1, 3aKpblT. 111 Hanpfl>KeHLt1e Ha ero
3MLt1TTepe paBHO nOrLt14eCKOMY HyntO (peanb-
HO MO>KeT 6blTb .0.0 2V). TaK KaK TpLt1rrep 01
HaXOALt1TCfI B HyneBoM COCTOflHLt1Lt1, Ha ero
BXOA 0 nocTynaeT IlOrLt14eCKafi eALt1HLt1 a C
ero >Ke Lt1HBepCHoro BblXOAa (BblBoAa 2). npLt1
nOAHeCeHLt1Lt1 PYKLt1 K AaT4Lt1KY, IIlK-cBeT, Lt13ny-
4aeMbiLli HL 1 OTpa>KaeTCfI OT PYKLt1 Lt1 nona-
AaeT Ha VT1. TpaH3Lt1cTop VT1 OTKpblBaeTCfI
Lt1 Hanpfl>KeHLt1e Ha ero 3MLt1TTepe paCTeT,
AOCTLt1rafi nOrLt14eCKOVI eALt1HLt1 bl. no npLt1XoAY
e,lJ,Lt1HLt1Ubl Ha BXO,lJ, C TpLt1rrep 01 nepeKIltO-
4aeTCfI B COCTOflHLt1e BXOAa 0, TO eCTb, B
AaHHoM cnY4ae, B eALt1HLt1 y. Ha ero BblxoAe
(BbiBoAe 1) nOflBnfleTCfI eALt1HLt1 a. TpaH3Lt1c-
TOp VT2 OTKpbIBaeTCfI, pene K1 BKIlt04aeT
Hacoc M 1 (Lt1nLt1 KIlanaH). BO,lJ,a Ha4Lt1HaeT
nocTynLt1Tb B YMbIBanbHLt1K.
Tenepb, Ha BXOA 0 TpLt1rrepa 01 nocTynaeT
nOrLt14eCKLt1L11 Honb C Lt1HBepCHoro BblXOAa 01.
111, ecnLt1 e e pa3 nOAHeCTLt1 PYKY K AaT4Lt1KY,
TpLt1rrep YCTaHOBLt1TCfI B HyneBoe COCTOflHLt1e.
Pene BbIKnt04Lt1T Hacoc (Lt1nLt1 KnanaH) Lt1
nOAa4a BOAbl B YMbIBanbHLt1K npeKpaTLt1TCfI.
111 K-CBeTOALt10A Lt1 111 K-cpoToTpaH3Lt1CTOp
MO>KHO Lt1CnOnb30BaTb Lt1 APyrLt1e. Ho 3TO
MO>KeT nOTpe60BaTb BHeCeHLt1f1 Lt13MeHeHLt1L11 B
KOHCTPYK Lt1tO AaT4Lt1Ka. MO>KHO Lt1CnOnb30-
K - AaT'"IiIIK 3anOnHeHilifi
pe3epByapa BOAOH
AaT4Lt1K npeAHa3Ha4eH Anfl ynpaBneHLt1f1
HaCOCOM, 3anonHfltO Lt1M pe3epByap C
BOAOLII, npeAHa3Ha4eHHoLli cnY>KLt1Tb Anfl
nOnLt1Ba, KaK pe3epBHbiLli 3anac BOAbl Lt1nLt1 KaK
«BOAOHanopHafi 6aWHfI» Aa4Horo AOMa.
BaTb Lt1 rOTOBble AaT4Lt1KLt1 TLt1na HOA 1405,
OPB700, OPB705 Lt1nLt1 aHanOrLt14Hble. no-
CYTLt1, OHLt1 npeAcTaBnfltOT c060LII Te >Ke
cpoToTpaH3Lt1CTOp Lt1 CBeTOALt10A, pacnOnO>KeH-
Hble B 06 eM Kopnyce. Ho CTOfiT AOBonbHO
Aoporo. Ha MOLII B3rnflA, nY4we CAenaTb
caMoMY.
Pene K1 - MO>KeT 6blTb nt060e 3neKTpoMar-
HLt1THOe pene C 06MOTKOLII Ha 5V Lt1 KOHTaKTa-
MLt1, nOAXOAfI Lt1MLt1 Anfl ynpaBneHLt1f1 nLt1Ta-
HLt1eM Lt1CnOnb3yeMoro Hacoca Lt1nLt1 KIlanaHa.
MLt1KpOcxeMY C04013 MO>KHO 3aMeHLt1Tb Ha
K561TM2.
B Hana>KLt1BaHLt1Lt1 Ba>KHO YCTaHOBLt1Tb
npaBLt1nbHO pe>KLt1M pa60Tbi AaT4Lt1Ka.
CHa4ana, He nOAKnt04afl HL 1, HY>KHO
nOA06paTb COnpOTLt1BneHLt1e R2 raK, 4T06bl
Hanpfl>KeHLt1e Ha 3MLt1TTepe VT1 6bln0 OKono
1-2V npLt1 MaKCLt1ManbHOLli OCBe eHHOCTLt1 B
MeCTe YCTaHOBKLt1 YMbIBanbHLt1Ka. To eCTb,
ecnLt1 3TO caHY3en, TO C BKIlt04eHHOLli
OCBeTLt1TenbHOLli naMnOLli. npLt1 3TOM, KOHe4HO,
Ba>KHO Lt1 pacnOnO>KeHLt1e AaT4Lt1Ka. Ero cpOTO-
TpaH3Lt1CTOp Lt1 CBeTO,lJ,Lt10A He ,lJ,On>KHbl 6blTb
HanpaBneHbl Ha naMny. HY>KHO 4T06bl KYAa-
TO B CTOPOHY, BHLt13. Ho TaK 4T06bl K AaT4Lt1KY
6blno YA06HO nOAHOCLt1Tb PYKY.
3aTeM, nOAKIlt04aeM HL 1 Lt1 Y>Ke HaCTpaLt1-
BaeM TOK 4epe3 CBeTO,lJ,Lt10,lJ,. HY>KHO
nOA06paTb R 1 TaK, 4T06bl npLt1 nOAHeCeHLt1Lt1
PYKLt1 K AaT4Lt1KY Ha paCCTOflHLt1e 5-10 CM
AaT4Lt1K cpa6aTblBan. Ho He cpa6aTbiBan npLt1
60nbweM paCCTOflHLt1Lt1 .0.0 PYKLt1, a TaK >Ke,
npLt1 npOXO,lJ,e 4enOBeKa MLt1MO Hero.
KOHe4HO, nOTpe6yeTcfI Bbl6paTb OnTLt1-
ManbHoe nOnO>KeHLt1e AaT4Lt1Ka C Y4eTOM
pa3n Lt14 H blX OTpa>KatO Lt1X nOBepXHOCTeLII,
OKpY>KatO Lt1X ero npeAMeTOB Lt1 T.n.
/IIZOflKOB /II
06b14HO, B TaKLt1X cnY4aflX Lt1CnOnb3YtOT
nLt160 MeXaHLt1\.1eCKYtO nonnaBKOBYtO CLt1CTeMY,
HanpLt1Mep, COOTBeTCTBYtO Lt1L11 Y3en YHLt1Ta3a,
Lt1nLt1 >Ke 3neKTpOHHYtO cxeMY, onpeAenfl-
tO YtO YPOBeHb BOAbl no norpY>KeHLt1tO B BOAY
MeTannLt14eCKLt1X KOHTaKTOB. 3AeCb npeAna-
raeTCfI BapLt1aHT, OCHOBaHHblLli Ha OTpa>KeHLt1Lt1
Lt13nY4eHLt1f1 111 K-CBeTOALt10Aa OT nOBepXHOCTLt1
BOAbl. 3TOT cnoc06 Xopow e e Lt1 TeM, 4TO
n03BonfieT Lt13MepflTb YPOBeHb He TonbKO
aaUO Hcmpy mop 03-2021
35
PlI1c.1 .
HF1 HL 1
6aK
BOAbl, HO lI1 >KlI1A-
KOCTlI1, HenpoBo-
AflLl\eLII 3neKTpll1-
4eCKlI1L11 TOK,
Hanpll1Mep, 6eH3l11-
Ha, Macna lI1 TOMY
nOA06Horo.
CxeMa AaT4l11Ka
nOKa3aHa Ha
pll1cYHKe 1. .QaT4l11K
COCTOll1T lI13 IIlK-
CBeTOAlI10Aa H L 1
lI1 lI1HTerpanbHoro
cpoTOnpll1eM H lI1Ka
H F 1 , TaKoro KaK
npll1MeHfltOTCfI B
ClI1CTeMaX AlI1CTaH-
lI10HHOrO ynpaB-
neHlI1f1 TeneBlI130-
paMlI1. OHlI1
HanpaBneHbl B
OAHY CTOPOHY, - Ha nOBepXHOCTb BOAbl. T OK
4epe3 111 K-CBeTOAlI10A YCTaHaBnll1BaeTCfI
He60nbWOLII, 4T06bl ero lI13nY4eHlI1e 6blno
cna6blM. A BOT IIlK-cpOTOnpll1eMHlI1K HF1
06naAaeT AOCTaT04HO 4eTKlI1M noporOM
4YBCTBlI1TenbHOCTlI1, nOTOMY 4TO B ero cxeMe
lI1MeeTCfI KOMnapaTOp.
nOBepXHOCTb >KlI1AKOCTlI1, HaXOAflLl\eLIICfI B
6aKe, cnY>KlI1T OTpa>KatOLl\eLII nOBepxHocTbtO,
Lt1 4eM Aanbwe OHa OT AaT4l11Ka, TeM
MeHbWll1L11 YPOBeHb lI13nY4eHlI1f1 CBeTOAlI10Aa
HL 1 nocTynaeT Ha cpoTOnpll1eMHlI1K HF1.
npll1H lI1nll1anbHafi cxeMa AaT4l11Ka nOKa-
3aHa Ha pll1cYHKe 2. Ha IIlK-cBeToAlI1oA HL 1
nocTynaeT lI1MnynbcHblLli TOK. 4aCTOTa 3TlI1X
lI1MnynbcoB paBHa 38 Kr . OHa YCTaHaBnll1-
BaeTCfI MynbTlI1BlI16paTopOM Ha 3neMeHTax
01.1 lI1 01.2. 3TOT MynbTlI1BlI16paTop reHepll1-
VT1
KT31 02
HL 1 HF1
TSOP4838
pyeT lI1Mnynbcbl 4aCTOTOLli 38 Kr . OHlI1
nocTynatOT Ha 6a3Y TpaH3Lt1CTOpa VT1. lt1 C
ero 3MlI1TTepa Ha IIlK-cBeToAlI1oA HL 1. ClI1na
TOKa 4epe3 CBeTOAlI10A OrpaHlI14l11BaeTCfI
pe3l11CTOpaMlI1 R 1 lI1 R2. OT lI1X COnpOTlI1Bne-
HlI1L11 3aBlI1ClI1T 4YBcTBlI1TenbHocTb AaT4l11Ka, TO
eCTb, Ha KaKoe paCCTOflHlI1e .0.0 OTpa>KatOLl\eLII
nOBepXHOCTlI1 OH AOn>KeH pearll1pOBaTb.
KorAa 6aK nycT, lI1nll1 >KlI1JJ,KOCTlI1 B HeM TaK
Mano, 4TO paCCTOflHlI1e .0.0 Hee 60nbwe
nopora 4YBCTBlI1TenbHOCTlI1 AaT4l11Ka, lI13nY4e-
HlI1e OT lt1 K-cBeToAlI1oAa He AOCTlI1raeT nopora
4YBcTBlI1TenbHocTlI1 IIlK-cpoTOnpll1eMHlI1Ka. Ha
BblxoAe HF1 - eAlI1HlI1 a. Ha BblXOAe 01.3 -
VD1
K,Q522
A1
7805
+12V
C
1000uF
+
+
cIT
10uF
K1
12V
-...,
R4
10K
K BblK.m"04a-
Tento Hacoca
-.- C2
VT2 ....L 0,01 uF
KT31 02
36
"
R510K
Honb, Ha BblXOAe 01.4 - eAlI1HlI1 a. TpaH3l11c-
TOpbl VT3 lI1 VT 4 OTKpbITbl! lI1 pene K1 nOAaeT
nll1TaHlI1e Ha Hacoc, HaKa4l11BatOLl\lI1L11 >KlI1AKOCTb
B 6aK. n pll1 3TOM, TpaH3l11CTOp VT2 3aKpblT, lI1
TOK Ha 111 K-cBeToAlI1oA H L 1 nocTynaeT 4epe3
nocneAOBaTenbHO BKIlt04eHHbie pe3l11CTOpbl
R 1 lI1 R2. n pll1 3TOM, TOK 4epe3 CBeTOAlI10A
Hall1MeHbWll1L11.
6aK nOCTeneHHO HanonHfleTCfI, lI1 KaK
TonbKO YPoBeHb >KlI1AKOCTlI1 AOCTlI1raeT
BepXHero nopora, YPoBeHb OTpa>KeHHOrO IIlK-
lI13nY4eHlI1f1 CBeTOAlI10Aa HL 1 AOCTlI1raeT lI1
npeBblwaeT nopor 4YBcTBlI1TenbHocTlI1 HF1.
Ha BblXOAe cpoTOnpll1eMHlI1Ka HF1 YCTaHaB-
Illl1BaeTCs:I IlOrll14eCKlI1L11 Honb. Tenepb Ha
BblXOAe 01.4 TO>Ke Honb, lI1 TpaH3l11CTOpbl
VT3 lI1 VT4 3aKpblBatOTCfI. Pene K1 BblKntO-
4aeT Hacoc, lI1 nocTynneHlI1e >KlI1AKOCTlI1 B 6aK
aaUO Hcmpy mop 03-2021
npeKpaLl..taeTCfI. B TO >Ke BpeMfI, eAiI1HiI1 a C
BblXOAa 3IleMeHTa 01.3 nocTynaeT Ha 6a3Y
VT2. 3TOT TpaH3i11CTOp OTKpblBaeTCfI iI1
WYHTiI1pyeT pe3i11CTOp R2. Tenepb TOK Ha
CBeTOAiI10A nocTynaeT TonbKO 4epe3 conpo-
TiI1BneHiI1e R1, iI1 TOK 4epe3 CBeTOAiI10A CTaHO-
BiI1TCfI Hail160nbWiI1M.
B npo ecce paCXOAOBaHiI1f1 >KiI1AKOCTiI1 iI13
6aKa ee YPoBeHb CHiI1>KaeTCfI. Ho Ha BblXOAe
3neMeHTa 01.4 nO-npe>KHeMY Honb. 111 Hacoc
He BKIlt04aeTCfI. CBfl3aHO 3TO C TeM, 4TO
OTKpblT TpaH3i11CTOp VT2, iI1 TOK 4epe3 lt1K-
CBeTOAiI10A 60nbwe, a 3Ha4i11T iI1 4YBCTBiI1-
TenbHOCTb AaT4i11Ka Bblwe. n03TOMY, OH
pearil1PyeT Ha 60nee HiI13KiI1L11 YPOBeHb BOAbl,
iI1 Hacoc He BKIlt04aeTCfI. Ho, KaK TonbKO
ypOBeHb BOAbl CTaHeT HiI1>Ke 3Toro HiI13KOrO
YPOBHfI, Ha BblXOAe H F 1 YCTaHOBiI1TCfI noril1-
4eCKafi eAiI1HiI1 a. TpaH3i11cTop VT2 3aKpo-
eTCfI iI1 4YBcTBiI1TenbHOcTb AaT4i11Ka CTaHeT
HiI1>Ke. A TpaH3i11CTOpbl VT3 iI1 VT 4 OTKpOtOTCfI,
iI1 Ha4HeTCfI 3anOnHeHiI1e 6aKa npil1 nOMOLl..til1
Hacoca.
4acTb cxeMbl Ha TpaH3i11CTOpe VT2 HY>KHa
Anfl Toro, 4T06bl Hacoc He BKIlt04anCfI
Cnil1WKOM 4aCTO, a TonbKO nocne 3Ha4i11Tenb-
Horo onYCTOWeHiI1f1 6aKa. 3TO C03AaeT
ril1CTepe3i11C Me>KJJ.Y YPOBHflMiI1 BOAbl BKntO-
4eHiI1f1 iI1 BblKnt04eHiI1f1 Hacoca.
CBeTOAiI10A HL 1 - nt060LII IIlK-cBeToAiI1oA
Anfl nynbToB AiI1CTaH iI10HHOrO ynpaBneHiI1f1.
<1>oTOnpil1eMHiI1K HF1 TiI1na TSOP4838 MO>KHO
3aMeHiI1Tb nt06blM aHanOril14HbiM cpoTOnpil1M-
HiI1KOM Anfl CiI1CTeM AiI1CTaH iI10HHOrO ynpaB-
neHiI1f1 TeneBiI130pOB iI1 APyroLli annapaTypbl.
Pene K1 - nt060e, C 06MOTKOLII Ha 12V, iI1
KOHTaKTaMiI1 Ha 220V.
KOHCTPYKTiI1BHO AaT4i11K BblnonHeH cneAYtO-
iI1M 06pa30M. Pe3epByapoM Anfl BOAbl
cnY>KiI1T 6aK «eBpoKy6». 3TO nnaCTMaCCOBblLli
Kynil14ecKiI1L11 pe3epByap Anfl BOAbl, 04eHb
4aCTO npil1MeHfleMblLli Ha Aa4ax iI1 CTpOLII-
nnOLl..taAKaX, iI1MeHHO Anfl BOAbl. B ero
BepxHeLli CTeHKe HY>KHO npOCBepnil1Tb ABa
OTBepCTiI1f1 Anfl CBeTOAiI10Aa H L 1 iI1 Anfl
cpoTOnpil1eMHiI1Ka HF1. PaCCTOflHiI1e Me>KJJ.Y
HiI1MiI1 MO>KHO Bbl6paTb np0il13BOIlbHO, rAe-TO
10-20 CM.
Tenepb 0 Hana>KiI1BaHiI1i11 AaT4i11Ka. CHa4ana
HY>KHO 3aMKHYTb pe3i11CTOp R2, iI1 Ha6paB B
6aK BOAbl Ha YPoBHe MiI1HiI1MYMa, npil1 KOTO-
pOM AOn>KeH BKIlt04aTbCfI Hacoc, nOA06paTb
COnpOTiI1BneHiI1e R1 TaKiI1M 06pa30M, 4T06bl
Ha Bblxop,e HF1 YCTaHoBiI1nacb eAiI1HiI1 a, HO
npil1 ManeLllweM AOnil1Be BOAbl YPoBeHb
MeHflnCfI Ha HyneBoLli. TaK cKa3aTb, n04TiI1 Ha
nOrpaHiI14HOM COCTOflHiI1i11 Me>KJJ.Y HyneM iI1
eAiI1HiI1 eLII.
3aTeM HY>KHO pa30MKHYTb R2, iI1 ,lJ,Onil1Tb
BOAbl .0.0 YPOBHfI «nonHoro» 6aKa (rAe-To .0.0
3/4 06beMa). 111 Aanee, nOA06paTb conpo-
TiI1BneHiI1e R2 TaKiI1M 06pa30M, 4T06bl
nonY4i11Tb Hynb Ha BblXOAe HF1, nepexo-
,lJ,flLl..til1L11 B e,lJ,iI1HiI1 y npil1 ManeLllweM OTnil1Be
BOAbl iI13 6aKa. To eCTb, onflTb Ha TaKOM,
nOrpaHiI14HOM YPoBHe Me>KJJ.Y HyneM iI1
eAiI1HiI1 eLII Ha BblXOAe HF1.
Ha 3TOM Hana>KiI1BaHiI1e 3aBepwaeTcfI.
OpeWKOB 10. A_
CBeTOA OAHble AOnO.nH Te.nbHble
C rHa.nblnOBOpOTa
CeLll4ac B aBTOM06i11nbHbiX cpapax Bce
4aLl..te npil1MeHfltOTCfI CBeTOAiI10Abi BMeCTO
naMn HaKanil1BaHiI1f1. Ha HeKoTopblX cOBpe-
MeHHblX aBTOM06i11nflX CBeTOAiI10AHbie CiI1rHa-
nbl nOBopoTa BblnonHeHbl B BiI1Ae CBeTO-
AiI10AHbiX 3MeeK, nepil10AiI14eCKiI1 YAnil1HfltO-
Ll..til1XCfI B CTOPOHY nOBopoTa. 3Aecb onil1-
CblBaeTCfI cxeMa CBeTOAiI10AHoro CiI1rHana
nOBopoTa. Ha aBTOM06i11nb HY>KHO ABa TaKiI1X
YCTpOLIICTBa (Ha Ka>KJJ.YtO CTOPOHY). CxeMa
nOCTpoeHa Ha OCHOBe MiI1KpOCXeMbl
AN6884, npeAHa3Ha4eH-
HOLII Anfl pa60Tbi B
Ka4eCTBe iI1HAiI1KaTOpa
YPOBHfI H4 CiI1rHana iI1nil1
iI1HAiI1KaTOpa nOCTOflHHoro Hanpfl>KeHiI1f1.
IIlHAiI1Ka iI1f1 - Ha WKane iI13 nflTiI1 CBeTOAiI10-
AOB, no cxeMe «6ap» (3TO KorAa Ilil1HeLliKa iI13
CBeTOAiI10AOB YAnil1HfleTCfI, 4eM 60nbwe
YPOBeHb iI13MepfieMOLli Benil14i11Hbl).
IIlAefl COCTOil1T B TOM, 4T06bl C03AaTb
nnaBHO HapaCTatOLl..tee Hanpfl>KeHiI1e, KOTO-
poe 6YAeT iI13MepflTb iI1HAiI1KaTOp Ha MiI1KpO-
cxeMe AN6884 iI1 AeMOHCTpil1pOBaTb iI13Me-
HeHiI1e Hanpfl>KeHiI1f1 YAnil1HfltOLl..teLIICfI CBeTO-
AiI10AHOLli nil1HiI1eLII.
aaUO Hcmpy mop 03-2021
37
R1*
/ 360K C2
/ 2,2uF/16V
01 H + 7
K.Q521
C06CTBeHHO, B3f1Tb
MLttKpOcxeMY AN6884 Ltt
BKnt04LttTb no TLttnOBOLli
cxeMe 3AeCb He nony-
4LttTCfI, nOTOMY 4TO, BO-
nepBblX, OHa CnLttWKOM
4YBCTBLttTenbHafi no BXO-
AY, BO-BTOpbIX, BblXOAbl
Ha CBeTOALttOAbl cnLttW-
KOM cna6bl, - MaKCLtt-
ManbHblLli TOK BblXOAa
Bcero 15mA, a CBepx-
flpKLtte CBeTOALttOAbl Anfl
nonY4eHLttfl AocTaT04HoLli
«aBTOM06LttnbHOLII» flp-
KOCTLtt AOn>KHbl nonY4aTb
TOK KaK MLttHLttMYM B 10
pa3 60nbwe.
nepBafi 3a,lJ,a4a 6blna
peweHa npLtt nOMO Ltt
06bl4Horo AenLttTenfi
Hanpfl>KeHLtt . CxeMa
nOAKIlt04aeTCfI napan-
nenbHO WTaTHOLli naMne CLttrHana nOBopOTa.
npLtt BKnt04eHLttLtt CLttrHana nOBopOTa Ha 3TY
naMny nocTynatOT LttMnynbcbl Hanpfl>KeHLttfl.
Bo BpeMfI, KorAa naMna rOpLttT Ha cxeMY
nocTynaeT nLttTaHLtte, Ltt Ha KOHAeHcaTOp C1
nocTynaeT Hanpfl>KeHLtte 4epe3 pe3LttCTOp R 1.
KOHAeHcaTop 3apfl>KaeTCfI He cpa3Y, nOTOMY
4TO OH KOHAeHcaTop, Ltt Hanpfl>KeHLtte Ha HeM
nnaBHO B03paCTaeT OT Hynfl .0.0 npLttMepHO
nOnOBLttHbl Hanpfl>KeHLttfl nLttTaHLttfl. Aanee,
AenLttTenb Ha pe3LttCTOpaX R2 Ltt R3 4epe3
KOTOpblLII 3TO HapaCTatO ee Hanpfl>KeHLtte
nocTynaeT Ha BXOA MLttKpOCXeMbl A 1.
Pe3LttCTOp R3 nOAcTpoe4HblLII, LttM HY>KHO
Bbl6paTb TaKOLli K03cpcpLtt LtteHT AeneHLttfl
AenLttTenfi R2/R3, 4T06bl 3a BpeMfi nOKa
naMn04Ka nOBopOTa rOpLttT, ycneBana
«BbITflHYTbCfI» BCfI nLttHeLliKa CBeTOALttOAOB
HL 1-HL5.
3aTeM, KorAa naMna nOBopOTa raCHeT,
Hanpfl>KeHLtte Ha HeVi naAaeT .0.0 Hynfl.
npeKpa aeTcfI Ltt nLttTaHLtte 3TOLII cxeMbl, a
KOHAeHcaTOp C 1 6blCTpO pa3pfl>KaeTCfI
4epe3 ALttOA VD1 Ltt COnpOTLttBneHLtte HLttTLtt
HaKana WTaTHOLli naMnbl CLttrHana nOBopOTa.
Anfl Toro, 4T06bl MO>KHO 6blno pa60TaTb co
CBepXflpKLttMLtt CBeTOALttOAaMLtt, BblXOAbl
MLttKpOCXeMbl A 1 YCLttneHbl npLtt nOMO Ltt TpaH-
3LttCTOpOB VT1-VT 4. 6a3bl TpaH3LttCTOpOB
nOAKIlt04eHbi K TeM BblBOAaMLtt MLttKpOCXeMbl,
K naMnaM
CIII rHanOB
nOBopOTa
+
C1
2,2uF/16V
38
A1
AN6884
9
1
2
3
4
8
5
6 VT5
VT1-VT5-KT816
K KOTOpbIM, no TLttnOBOLli cxeMe, nO,lJ,KIlt04a-
tOTCfI LttHALttKaTOpHble CBeTOALttOAbl. 3MLttT-
Tepbl - K enLtt nLttTaHLttfl. Ha BblxoAax MLttKpO-
cxeMbl eCTb KIlt04Ltt C OrpaHLtt4LttTenflMLtt TOKa.
KaK TonbKO KIlt04 OTKpblBaeTcfI, OH TflHeT
6a3Y cooTBeTcTBYtO ero TpaH3LttCTOpa Ltt3
4LttCna VT1-VT5 K HyntO nLttTaHLttfl TpaH3Lttc-
TOp OTKpbIBaeTCfI, Ltt 4epe3 ero KonneKTOp
nOAaeTcfI TOK Ha cBepXflpKLttLII CBeTOALttOA.
T OK 4epe3 CBeTOALttOAbl OrpaHLtt4eH pe3LttC-
TOpaMLtt R5-R9.
CxeMa LttCnOnb3yeTcfI KaK AOnOnHLttTenb-
HblLli CLttrHan nOBopOTa, TO eCTb, pa60TaeT
BMeCTe CO WTaTHbIM.
npLtt Hana>KLttBaHLttLtt HY>KHO CHa4ana
nOACTpOLliKOLli pe3LttCTOpa R3 nonblTaTbCfI
A06LttTbCfI Toro, 4T06bl B npo ecce MLttraHLttfl
CLttrHana nOBopOTa, 3a OALttH nepLttOA rOpeHLttfl
naMn ycneBana 3a>Ke4bCfI BCfI nLttHeLliKa Ltt3
nflTLtt CBeTOALttOAOB. EcnLtt 3Toro A06LttTbCfI
HeB03MO>KHO, HY>KHO nOA06paTb COnpOTLttB-
neHLtte pe3LttCTOpa R 1.
CBeTOALttOAbl HL 1-HL8, - CBepXflpKLtte
CBeTOALttOAbl >KenTOrO BeTa CBe4eHLttfl LttnLtt
6enoro BeTa, HO TorAa LttX HY>KHO IlLtt60
nOKpaCLttTb >KenTOLli np03pa4HoLli KpacKoLII,
IlLtt60 CAeIlaTb Ha Ka>K.QblLII CLttrHan nOBopOTa
>KenTbl LII cBeTocpLttn b Tp.
BblXUH M.
aaUO Hcmpy mop 03-2021
npOCTa C rHa.n 3a
A.n aBTOM06 .n
3Ta CLt1rHanLt13a Lt1f1
npOCTafl, HLt14ero He
6nOKLt1PyeT, Lt1 CLt1rHa-
nLt13Lt1pyeT TonbKO 06
OTKpbIBaHLt1Lt1 J].Be-
peLl1. Ho Lt1 TaKoe
npLt1MLt1TLt1BHOe YCT-
pOLl1CTBO MO>KeT
6blTb none3HblM.
YCTpOLl1CTBO noJ].-
KIlt04aeTCfI K enLt1
BCTpoeHHblX J].Bep-
HblX J].aT4Lt1KOB J].nfl
BKIlt04eHLt1f1 Lt1 BbIK-
nt04eHLt1f1 BHYTpLt1-
canOHHoro OCBe e-
HLt1f1, n03ToMY pea-
rLt1pyeT Ha OTKpbl-
BaHLt1e ,lJ,BepeLl1. npLt1
cpa6aTbIBaHLt1Lt1 3BY-
4Lt1T CLt1peHa. BpeMfi
3BY4aHLt1f1 15 ce-
KYHJ].. EcnLt1 J].Bepb OCTaBneHa OTKpbITOLl1,
CLt1rHanLt13a Lt1f1 6YJ].eT nepLt10,lJ,Lt14eCKLt1
nOBTopflTbCfI, nOKa J].Bepb He 3aKpOtOT.
BKIlt04atOT CLt1rHanLt13a Lt1tO 06bl4HbiM TYM6-
nepOM Lt1nLt1 J].pyrLt1M BblKnt04aTeneM, CKpblTHO
pacnOnO>KeHHblM B canOHe aBTOM06Lt1nfl.
nocne BKIlt04eHLt1f1 ,lJ,aeTCfI 15 ceKYH,lJ, 6nOKLt1-
pOBKLt1 Ha BbIXOJ]. Lt13 MaWLt1Hbl Lt1 3aKpblBaHLt1e
Bcex J].BepeLl1. nOKa J].nLt1TCfI 3TOT nepLt1oJ].
6nOKLt1pOBKLt1, Lt1HJ].Lt1KaTOpHbILl1 CBeTOJ].Lt10J].
rOpLt1T He MLt1rafi. KaK TonbKO CLt1rHanLt13a Lt1f1
nepeXOJ].Lt1T B oxpaHHblLl1 pe>KLt1M, 3TOT CBeTO-
J].Lt10J]. MLt1raeT.
npLt1 cpa6aTbIBaHLt1Lt1 CLt1peHa BKIlt04aeTCfI
6e3 3aJ].ep>KeK. n03TOMY, npeJ].YCMOTpeHa
BHeWHfIfi 6nOKLt1pOBKa CLt1rHanLt13a Lt1Lt1 cne Lt1-
anbHblM KIlt040M - 6penKOM. <1>aKTLt14eCKLt1,
TaM HeT HLt14ero «ceKpeTHoro», - BHYTpLt1
6penKa HaXOJ].Lt1TCfI nOCTOflHHblLl1 MarHLt1T, a
«KHonKOLl1» 6nOKLt1pOBKLt1 cnY>KLt1T repKOH, pac-
nOnO>KeHHbILl1 B canOHe aBTOM06Lt1nfl, Lt1
npLt1>KaTbILl1 K OJ].HOMY Lt13 CTeKon. CHapY>KLt1 ero
MO>KHO 3aMaCKLt1pOBaTb KaKOLl1-TO HaKIleLl1KOLl1.
LJT06bl 3a6nOKLt1pOBaTb CLt1rHanLt13a Lt1tO Lt13-
BHe, HY>KHO nOJ].HeCTLt1 MarHLt1THbILl1 6penOK K
3TOMY MeCTY OCTeKIleHLt1f1, 3a KOTOpblM
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HaXOJ].Lt1TCfI repKOH. n pLt1 3TOM, KOHTaKTbl
repKOHa 3aMblKatOTCfI, Lt1 BKIlt04aeTCfI 6nOKLt1-
pOBKa, KOTopafl 6YJ].eT J].eLl1CTBOBaTb 15
ceKYHJ].. 3TO BpeMfi J].nfl Toro, 4T06bl OTKpblTb
J].Bepb Lt1 OTKnt04Lt1Tb CLt1rHanLt13a Lt1tO ceKpeT-
R8
470
"
VT2
KT3102
D1-K561 TJl1
HblM BblKIlt04aTeneM, cnpflTaHHblM B canOHe.
nepeXO,lJ, B pe>KLt1M 6nOKLt1pOBKLt1 Lt1H,lJ,Lt1 Lt1py-
eTCfI TeM, 4TO CBeTOJ].Lt10J]. nepeCTaeT MLt1raTb,
Lt1 rOpLt1T He MLt1rafi.
CLt1peHa Lt1CnOnb3yeTcfI rOTOBafl, nOKynHafl,
npeJ].Ha3Ha4eHHafi J].nfl aBTOM06Lt1nbHbIX
CLt1 rHan Lt13a Lt1L11.
CxeMa BblnonHeHa Ha OJ].HOLl1 MLt1KpOCXeMe
K561TJl1, cOJ].ep>Ka eLl1 4eTbipe nOrLt14eCKLt1X
3neMeHTa cpopMynbl 211l-HE C 3cpcpeKTOM
TpLt1rrepa WMLt1TTa.
Ha 3neMeHTax 01.3 Lt1 01.4 BblnonHeH
MynbTLt1BLt16paTOp, KOTOpblLl1 reHepLt1pyeT
Lt1Mnynbcbl 4aCTOT0Ll1 OKono 1 r . 3neMeHT
01.4 cnY>KLt1T J].nfl ynpaBneHLt1f1. KorJ].a Ha ero
BbIBOJ]. 8 nocTynaeT nOrLt14eCKafi eJ].Lt1HLt1 a, Ha
ero BbIXOJ].e Lt1Mnynbcbl, KOTOpblLl1 4epe3
TpaH3Lt1CTOpHbILl1 Knt04 VT2 nocTynatOT Ha
Lt1HJ].Lt1KaTOpHbILl1 CBeTOJ].Lt10J]. HL 1, Lt1 OH MLt1raeT.
EcnLt1 Ha BbIBOJ]. 8 01.4 nocTynaeT Honb, TO
Ha BbIXOJ].e 01.4 BMeCTO Lt1MnynbcoB 6YJ].eT
nOrLt14eCKafi eJ].Lt1HLt1 a. 3Ta eJ].Lt1HLt1 a nocTY-
naeT Ha VT2, Lt1 CBeTOJ].Lt10J]. H L 1 ropLt1T He
MLt1rafi.
Ha J].BYX J].pyrLt1X 3neMeHTax 01.1 Lt1 01.2
BblnonHeH RS-TpLt1rrep, Ha OJ].Lt1H BXOJ]. KOTO-
aaUO Hcmpy mop 03-2021
39
poro nOAaeTcfI Hanpfl>KeHLt1e C enLt1 ABepHblx
AaT4Lt1KOB aBTOM06Lt1nfl, a Ha APyroLli nOAa-
eTCfI Hanpfl>KeHLt1e OT cxeMbl nepe3anYCKa Lt1
6nOKLt1pOBKLt1. COCTOfl eLII Lt13 KOHAeHcaTopa
C5, pe3Lt1CTOpOB R7 Lt1 R2 Lt1 repKOHa S01.
BXOA cxeMbl nOAKIlt04aeTCfI K ABepHblM
AaT4Lt1KaM 4epe3 ALt10A V01. npLt1 OTKpbIBa-
HLt1Lt1 ABepLt1 enb ABepHblx AaT4Lt1KOB
aBTOM06Lt1nfl 3aMblKaeTCfI, Lt1 KaTOA ALt10Aa
V01 COeALt1HfleTCfI C 06 Lt1M MLt1HYCOM. Ha
BblBOAe 1 01.1 YCTaHaBnLt1BaeTCfI nOrLt14eC-
KLt1L11 Honb. 3TO YCTaHaBIlLt1BaeT RS-TpLt1rrep B
COCTOflHLt1e C nOrLt14eCKLt1M HyneM Ha BblXOAe
aneMeHTa 01.2. LITO npLt1BOALt1T K OTKpbl-
BaHLt1tO TpaH3Lt1CTOpOB VT1 Lt1 VT3 Lt1 BKIltO-
4eHLt1tO CLt1peHbl SB 1. CLt1peHa 6YAeT 3BY4aTb
nOKa KOHAeHcaTOp C5 pa3pfl>KaeTCfI 4epe3
pe3Lt1CTOp R7. 3aTeM, TpLt1rrep BepHeTCfI B
Lt1CXOAHOe COCTOflHLt1e.
npLt1 BKIlt04eHLt1Lt1 nLt1TaHLt1f1 BbiKIlt04aTeneM
S 1, nepBOHa4anbHO KOHAeHcaTOp C5 OKa-
3blBaeTCfI B pa3pfl>KeHHOM COCTOflHLt1Lt1. 3TO
YCTaHaBnLt1BaeT TpLt1rrep 01.1 - 01.2 B coc-
TOflHLt1e C nOrLt14eCKOLli eALt1HLt1 eLII Ha BbIXO,lJ,e
01.4. TpaH3Lt1cTopbl VT1 Lt1 VT3 3aKpblTbl,
CLt1peHa He pa60TaeT. A KOHAeHcaTop C5
MeAneHHO 3apfl>KaeTCfI 4epe3 pe3Lt1CTOp R7.
nOKa OH He 3apflALt1TCfI .0.0 Hanpfl>KeHLt1s:!
nOrLt14eCKOLli eALt1HLt1 bl, TpLt1rrep He 6YAeT
pearLt1pOBaTb Ha nOrLt14eCKLt1L11 YPOBeHb Ha
BblBOAe 1 01.1. To eCTb, OH He 6YAeT pearLt1-
pOBaTb Ha COCTOflHLt1e ABepHblx AaT4Lt1KoB.
Ha 3apfiAKY C5 4epe3 R7 YXOALt1T npLt1MepHO
15 ceKYHA. KpoMe Toro, Hanpfl>KeHLt1e C C5
nocTynaeT Ha BblBOA 8 01.4. noaToMY, nOKa
Ha C5 Hanpfl>KeHLt1e He AOCTLt1rHeT YPOBHfI
nOrLt14eCKOLli eALt1HLt1 bl CBeTOALt10A HL 1 rOpLt1T
He MLt1ras:!, a nOTOM MLt1raeT, KorAa Ha C5
Hanpfl>KeHLt1e nOrLt14eCKOLli eALt1HLt1 bl.
repKoH S01 cnY>KLt1T Anfl BKIlt04eHLt1f1 6no-
KLt1pOBKLt1 cHapY>KLt1. npLt1 nOAHeCeHLt1Lt1 K HeMY
MarHLt1THOrO 6penKa, ero KOHTaKTbl 3aMblKa-
tOTCs:!, Lt1 4epe3 pe3Lt1CTOp R2 pa3pfl>KatOT
KOHAeHcaTop C5. 3TO 6nOKLt1pyeT cxeMY Ha
15 ceKYHA, T04HO TaK >Ke, KaK Lt1 nocne BKIltO-
4eHLt1f1 nLt1TaHLt1f1.
CLt1peHa SB1 - aneKTpOHHafl, Ha Hanpfl-
>KeHLt1e 12V, npeAHa3Ha4eHHafi Anfl aBTO-
M06Lt1nbHb1X CLt1rHanLt13a Lt1V1.
f7YLJKOB B.
3 eKTHBHoe npoTHBoyroHHoe
YCTPOVlCTBO Ha OAHOM TpaH3HCTOpe
60nbWLt1HCTBO npOTLt1BoyroHHblx CLt1rHanLt1-
3a Lt1L11 npOMblwneHHoro np0Lt13BOACTBa
06bl4HO npLt1 nOMO Lt1 pene pa3MbiKatOT enb
BKnt04eHLt1f1 CTapTepa Lt1 TaKLt1M 06pa30M, He
AatOT 3anYCTLt1Tb ABLt1raTenb MaWLt1Hbl. fiLt160
6nOKLt1pYtOT 36Y aBTOM06Lt1nfl. OAHaKo, Bce
aTO xopowo 3HaKOMO yroH Lt1KaM. Y HLt1X
060pYAoBaHLt1e Anfl nepexBaTa CLt1rHana
6penKa, Lt1 TOMY nOA06Hoe. B 06 eM,
nonY4aeTcfI, 4TO CnO>KHYtO cOBpeMeHHYtO
CLt1CTeMY OTKIlt04Lt1Tb He TaK Y>K Lt1 CnO>KHO,
ecnLt1 eCTb He06xOALt1MOe 060pYAoBaHLt1e.
A BOT, npOCToe caMoAenbHoe npOTLt1BoyroH-
Hoe YCTPOLIICTBO MO>KeT OKa3aTbCfI 60nee
acpcpeKTLt1BHbIM, Y>Ke nOTOMY 4TO OHO He
cTaHAapTHoe.
3Aecb npeAnaraeTcfI cxeMa npocToro
npOTLt1BoyroHHoro YCTpoLllcTBa, pacn03HaTb
40
KOTopoe He TaK Y>K Lt1
npOCTO. CYTb pa60Tbi
COCTOLt1T B TOM, 4TO
ABLt1raTenb MaWLt1Hbl
MO>KHO 6narononY4HO
3anYCTLt1Tb, HO 4epe3 HeCKonbKO ceKYHA OH
rnOXHeT. EcnLt1 nonp060BaTb cpa3Y >Ke
3aBeCTLt1 e e pa3, - He 3aBOALt1TCfI. A BOT
ecnLt1 BbIKIlt04Lt1Tb 3a>KLt1raHLt1e, nOAO>K,lJ.aTb
HeCKonbKO ceKYHA, OH 3aBeAeTcfI, HO onflTb
>Ke, pa60TaTb ABLt1raTenb 6YAeT TonbKO
HeCKonbKO ceKYHA. CxeMa npocTo OTKIltO-
4aeT nLt1TaHLt1e 6eH30Hacoca 4epe3 HeCKonb-
KO ceKYHA nocne nycKa ABLt1raTenfi. 111 BKIltO-
4aeT ero 4epe3 HeCKonbKO ceKYHA nocne
Toro, KaK ABLt1raTenb 3arnOXHeT.
3TO 04eHb nOXO>Ke Ha HeLt1CnpaBHocTb B
TOnnLt1BHOLli enLt1. 111 Aa>Ke ecnLt1 yroH Lt1K
peWLt1T, 4TO B03MO>KHO nLt1TaHLt1e 6eH30Hacoca
OTKIlt04eHO, OH, BKIlt04Lt1B 3a>KLt1raHLt1e CHOBa,
y6eALt1TCfI B TOM, 4TO nLt1TaHLt1e eCTb Aa Lt1
xapaKTepHblLli 3BYK pa60Tbi 6eH30Hacoca
nocne BKIlt04eHLt1f1 3a>KLt1raHLt1f1 Lt1MeeTCfI.
aaUO Hcmpy mop 03-2021
CKopee BCerO, yroH Lt1K
OTKa>KeTCfI OT CBOeLli
3aTeLt1, peWLt1B, 4TO
MaWLt1Ha HeLt1CnpaBHa.
CXeMa nOKa3aHa Ha
pLt1CYHKe 3J].eCb. BKIlJO-
4aeTCfI Lt1 BblKnJ04aeTCfI
YCTPOLIICTBO no nLt1Ta-
HLt1JO, npLt1 nOMO Lt1
BblKIlJ04aTenfi S1. KOH-
TaKTbl BblXOJ].Horo pene,
HopMaIlbHO 3aMKHYTble,
BKnJ04eHbi B pa3pblB
npOBOJ].a, nOJ].aJO ero
nLt1TaHLt1e Ha 6eH30Hacoc. 3TOT pa3pblB
HY>KHO YCTpOLt1Tb rJ].e- TO TaM, 4T06bl ero He
6blno 3aMeTHO. To eCTb, He B MOHTa>KHOM
6nOKe, Lt1 He noJ]. KpblWKOLli J].ocTyna K
6eH306aKY. A rJ].e-TO no nYTLt1 Me>KJJ.Y HLt1MLt1.
KorJ].a nLt1TaHLt1e Ha cxeMY He nocTynaeT, TO
eCTb, S1 BbIKnJ04eH, cxeMa Boo6 e HLt1KaK
He BnLt1f1eT Ha pa60TY 6eH30Hacoca, nOToMY
4TO TOK Ha Hero npOXOJ].Lt1T 4epe3 HopManb-
HO-3aMKHYTble KOHTaKTbl 06eCT04eHHoro
pene.
AaT4Lt1KOM pa60Tbi J].BLt1raTenfi cnY>KLt1T
J].aT4Lt1K J].aBneHLt1f1 Macna, pa60TaJO Lt1L11 «Ha
naMn04KY». 3TO J].aT4Lt1K HeJ].OCTaT04Horo
J].aBneHLt1f1, Lt1MeJO Lt1L11CfI B 60nbWLt1HCTBe
aBTOM06Lt1neLli. Ero KOHCTPYK Lt1f1 TaKOBa, 4TO
npLt1 OTCYTCTBLt1Lt1 J].aBneHLt1f1 Macna ero KOH-
TaKT noJ]. J].eLIICTBLt1eM npY>KLt1Hbl npLt1>KaT K
06 eMY MLt1HYCY. A npLt1 pa60Te J].BLt1raTenfl,
noJ]. J].aBneHLt1eM Macna npY>KLt1Ha C>KLt1MaeTCfI
Lt1 KOHTaKT OTXOJ].Lt1T OT o6 ero MLt1Hyca.
AonycTLt1M, S1 BKIlJ04eH. BKIlJ04aeM 3a>KLt1-
raHLt1e. nOKa J].BLt1raTenb e e He pa60TaeT, Lt1
KOHJ].eHcaTOp C 1 pa3pfl>KeH. Hanpfl>KeHLt1e Ha
HeM HyneBoe. COOTBeTCTBeHHO, Lt1 HyneBoe
Hanpfl>KeHLt1e Ha 3aTBope noneBoro TpaH-
3Lt1CTOpa VT 1. T paH3Lt1CTOp 3aKpblT, KOHTaKTbl
pene HaXOJ].flTCfI B nOKa3aHHOM Ha cxeMe
nOnO>KeHLt1Lt1. TOK 4epe3 HLt1X nocTynaeT Ha
6eH30Hacoc. CnblwHo 3BYK ero pa6oTbi.
6eH3Lt1H HaKa4Lt1BaeTCfI B paMny.
3aBoJ].Lt1M J].BLt1raTenb, J].BLt1raTenb pa6oTaeT,
Lt1 J].aT4Lt1K J].aBneHLt1f1 Macna pa3MblKaeTCfI.
4epe3 pe3Lt1CTOp R1 Lt1 COnpOTLt1BneHLt1e CLt1
HanbHOLli naMnbl H 1 Ha4Lt1HaeT 3apfl>KaTbCfI
KOHJ].eHcaTOp C 1. 4epe3 HeCKonbKO ceKYHJ].
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47K(321S)
2
3
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R15 C12 6.2KF
-...I
10K R16 +1:(") 103 C10 K
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22KF (1;..... R17 PI 105
0 O.215W
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PC5VS
C15
???
R24 C16
5.SK ???
C18
102PIY1400VAC
PC1
LTV817B
C19
102PIY1400VAC
4 os R27
2N3904 4,7K
46
aaUO Hcmpy mop 03-2021
R35
30KF
R38
4.7KF
I C26
104
-:-
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R53
???
I C38
220P
-:- -:-
VCC 15V
011
1N4148
R46
4.7K
R49
H 4 4.7KF
105 R30
2.2KF
30
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R42
4.7K
07
STP11NM60
R36
10K
08
STP11NM60
R41
???
R40
10K
400VP
R31
3.3M
C22
223/800V
R50
4.7K
C37
105
R47
47K
5
VCC IN 15V
6
7
C33
223/800V
R44
3.3
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aaUO Hcmpy mop 03-2021
PC5VS
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R60
560 ;J:
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R62
5.1KF
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PION/OFF
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CON1
SMW250-14P
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20010WS-14AOO
48
aaUO Hcmpy mop 03-2021
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KaK Ha n04Te. TaK III 4epe3 IIIHTepHeT Ha Call1Te https://podpiska.pochta.rU/).
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MO}f(HO OcpOpMIIITb nOAnlllCKY III 6e3 Hero. B03bMIIITe nlllCT 6YMarlll III HanlllWIIITe Ha HeM cneAYK)L.4ee:
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YKa}f(IIITe IIIHAeKC }f(ypHana, - n2169, III nOAall1Te n04ToBoMY onepaTopy.
CYL.4eCTByeT anbTepHaTIIIBHas:l nOAnlllCKa (4epe3 peAaK4111K)). Ee oc06eHHocTb B TOM, 4TO nOAnlllC4111K ee
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nepeBOAOM IIInlll 6aHKOBCKIIIM nepe4l11cneHllleM. nplll 3TOM, nnK)C B TOM, 4TO HeT }f(eCTKIIIX orpaHIII4eHIIIII1 no
cpOKaM ocpopMneHIIIR A MIIIHYC B TOM, 4TO }f(ypHanbl BblCblnaK)TCs:I no TPIll HOMepa OAIIIH pa3 B KBapTan.
CTOIIIMOCTb nOAnlllCKIII Ha 2-e nonyroAllle 2021 r., BKnK)4as:l CTOIIIMOCTb nepeCblnKIII no 3 HOMepa, nplll
ocpopMneHlII1II 4epe3 peAaK4111K), - BCs:I (7-12-2021) - 660 p., KBapTan (7-9-2021 IIInIll10-12-2021) - 330 p.
Ecnlll no KaKOIl1-TO nplll4111He Bbl He CMornlll nOAnlllcaTbCs:I Ha }f(ypHanbl 1-nr. 2021 r., IIInlll Y Bac HeT }f(YP-
HanOB 3a npownble rOAbl, MO}f(HO 11I)( KynlllTb B Mara3111He «3neKTpoToBapbl» (r.BonorAa, y.30CIIIMoBcKas:l
91), a IIIHoropoAHIIIM 4111TaTens:lM Mbl BblwneM n04T0Il1. Bce 4eHbi BKnK)4aK)T nepeCblnKY no P<1>, nplll
ycnoBIIIIII. 4TO cYMMa 3aKa3a He MeHee 150p.
1. 1-6 2021 r. = 660p. (ueHa Ka oro 110 p.)
2.1-122020 r. = 1236 p. (4eHa Ka oro 103p.)
3.1-12-2019 r. = 1104 P (4eHa Ka oro 92 p)
4. 1-12-2018r. = 960 p. (4eHa Ka oro 80 p.)
5. 1,2,4-12-2017 r. = 770 p. (4eHa Ka oro 70 p.)
6. 1-12-2016 r. = 720 p. (4eHa Ka oro 60 p.)
7. 1-11-2014r. = 440p. (4eHa Ka oro 40 p.)
8. 1-9,11, 12-2013r. = 396p. (LteHa Ka>KJ].OrO 36 p).
9. 1-5,7-12-2012r.=352 p. (4eHa Ka oro 32 p).
10. 9,11,12-2011 r. = 90 p. (4eHa Ka oro 30 p)
11. 1,2,4,6-2011 r. = 108 p. (4eHa Ka oro 27 p.)
12 1,3-9-2009 r = 144 p. (4eHa Ka oro 18p.).
13. 7-122008 r. = 90 Py6. (4eHa Ka oro 15 p.).
14.7-12-2007 r. = 84 Py6. (4eHa Ka oro 14 p.).
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HO UX Konuu (c 1999 no 2015a.) ecmb e 3neKmpoHHbiX apxueax Ha DVD #22 (CTOIIIT OH 150 p.).
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nnaTe>Ka, Baw nOAPo6HblVi n04TOBblVi aApec.
E-mail: radiocon@bk.ru. Ten. 8(8172)-70-47-56
KapTo4KY LI1nLl1 nLl1CbMO oTnpaBnflVlTe : 160013 BonorAa, nep. 6oTaHVl4ecKVlVI, A.4. AJleKCeeBY B.B.
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nplll onnaTe 4epe3 «flHAeKc-AeHbrlll» C006L.4I11Te napaMeTpbl 3aKa3a III onnaTbl Ha E-mail: radiocon@bk.ru
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