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20

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21

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22

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23

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115m E.F. Wood P K. Citizenship Iden!lly. L., 1999 P.4-b
24

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2 Eek H The Admml51rdtion of Justa In CGofbd eas." Invo1vin,g Refujees. Scilnd]-
I13V13n StudlCSIII Lawo. 1959. vol 3.P 35.
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30

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TalUt:cHT.1999.C.8-9
1 l/edoMocmu Bep"OBHoro COBomi p([) 1992. N.! 6. CT 243. 1993 CT 1112. C3 PQ:I
1995 N!7 CT 496
] &iJo'llO<JlU C'be31la Hapollllbix JlenyraTOB CCCP H Bev«>uioro COBeTa CCCP.
1990 N!23 CT 435.
4 Ka/unumJ'fgD/HfIe npaoo I'oexI1HCKOH M I nOli pel!. M 11 KYI<YWKI1Ha.
EIGITepHlf6ypr,l995 C.116
31

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2 Ii}IIIt1IjJuH O.E. rocynapcTlJeHIfOe "pilBO PoccMllC,mii 11'».nepdIUII1 M. 1993. C. 14
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ABTOpe<j>.D:HCC. ..KIOH. TaUlKeHT, 1982. C.1.
33

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na.a.eHI1I1 llpyr C npyroM nBYX npl1HwmOB - npuHquna meppumopuu
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I Ale:Jlt:rJjllL1fKXJoioenpaMO. DOMpb.cnpilllO'IHliK. M. 1991 C.46
1 lielHeII c.c. IOplI!I'IeclWl pefJIJMetfJ!lUJln "HC"ml)"Ta 3J(C1J)wmu"" (Bb!IIa'll1) II
rUCY,ll.lpC:illOHllp1loo.1998.N.>IC.99.
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M BblillNY POCCHWCKI1X rpruxnaH 1lJJYIDMY rocynap::my.
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rpaJKD.aH, nQ1IOJpeBaeMhiX B coaepweHMM npecrynneHMw Ha reppl1TOpMH
IIp)'TW< rocynapcTB I.J BepHyBllll.JXCSI H!! reppl1TOpMJO POCCMHCKOi1 (f)e1\C-
paUHi.J. B Me>K!l)'HapOllHhiX noroBOpax, KaK npaBl1J10, 3aKpenrmeTC>I
npl1HUl1n «aut deaere aut Judicare» (<<I.JJ]J.I Bbwaf1. 111IJ.I cynl1»). B COOT-
Bc:TCTBI1M C KOTOphlM rocynapcTBo-Y'JaCTHI.JK, O"IKd3bIBalOillee B BbUIa'le
Jll1ua. OOBHHileMoro B COBepllleH1111 npenYCMOTpeHHoro B D.aHHOM no-
] /(0_ II111tlpUU K KOHCTmyllHIJ P4> I nO!l pe1l. Jl A. OKYHbKOBa. M. 1996 C. 260
2]IJMllUWfI1I1. BbI1l3'1a06BHH>le'ltblxI/PoccIJI1CKa>l IOCTI1I1H>I 1997 N11.C SO.
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roBope npecryrmeHliSl, o1)HJaHO caMO npHMellb era K YroJIOIiHOIi OT-
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IIbUUl'l1i co6cmeHHblX rpIDl(.[laH He COOTBe1CffiOIk1..'m HopMa 'I. 3 CT. I
3aKoHa OT 28 HOH6pH 1991 r. ..0 JpIDKJIaHCTBe PCcDCP» (B pe..rr. OT
18 JlHllapH 1995 r.) 0 TOM, liTO JpIDl(.[laHI.fH Poccmf He MO)KeT 6bITb 11101-
nUH npyrOMY rocyIJaPCTIIY f1Ha'le KaK Ha OCHOBaHf1H 3aKOHa rum Me)K-
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CKHM I.f YffiflOBHblM nenaM C A.rJooHl.fef1:, AmKHpoM, 6o.nrapl1ef1:, IkHrpH-
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BOllb]X OTHoweHIDIX no Jp!DK.!UIHCKHM, ceMef1:HblM 11 yrOJlOBHb!M .oMaN
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50

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I C3PfP.1995.N!29.
51

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<DenepaUHH HilH cfJenep:L1bHbIM 3aKOHOM. npHD6peTeH(1e rpIDKll3HI.fHOM
PocCHOCKOH <1\:nepawrn HHOro JpIDKllaHCTBa He BIIe'leT npeKp<1llieH(1.1!
pocCl1iicKOro rpwK1laHCTBa ('J. 2 CT. 6)
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paBeHCTBO npaB H 06.113aHHocreJi JlII.II 6l1naTpHll3 C rpIDKllaHaiH CTpaHb!
npoJKl1BaHI1SI 11 BOJMruKHOCIb oo>.paHeHl.JfI KYJlH)pHblX H I.JHblX CIJ.IIJeM
co CTpaHOl-j np()HnOJKlleHI1f1 I .
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Ko."",.rmpH;; K :<aKOHQAaTe..lbCTDy roqnapcn - )"Iacn-IIIKOD CHr 0 rp.DtJI.dHC'TII.
M. 1996 C. 25. lJrx!6rxJUH RJI fOpl1lll'leCKI1M I:I'a1)'<; 1111'1HOCTI1 B PacCIII!. M. 1997.
C.10511JJ.P.
52

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K He;Ke;JaTenbHbIM nOCnenCTBI1HM I . TaK, no MHeHltlO HeMeUKom lOpl1-
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He MO;KeT. lje.OBeK MO;KeT nOJlb3Ol'l:ffbCSl TeMI.f KJlI.f npyrHMI1 npaB8MI.f B
paJHblX rocynapCTBax; OH Bcerna o&rJaH nOll'lI.fHHTbCH JaKOHaM TOW
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I]>IDK.illIHCTB}' H(]1.jI1HaeT MeHHTbCH.
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<J:'II:llepaW1I1  CJJeDYJOI.l1tC onpeneneHl.fe 1111U8 6cJ rpIDKllaHCT-
Ba: 3TO 1I1.fOO, He HRIlSllOweeCH rpIDK1laHI1HOM POCCJ1iicKOH (f)e.aepamm 11
He I1MelOlllee .llOJ(a]aTeQbCTBa HaJlW.JI1.11 rpa:.K1l8HCTIJa I.fHOCTPaHHoro rocy-
llapcma. EeJJpIDKD.aHClOO, KaK I.f MHOfOIJ'WK.lIDHCTBO, KaK npaBI1J]O, no-
PO)K!laeTC.II IJC.JJCllC"IIII Hecoom.r1CHWI npl1HUl1nOB np1106HI1.II )] npe-
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. OTHOCI.fJlbHoe - C MOMeHTa yJJ)aTbl IJ1DKlI8HCTBa.
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eHJ]BOH.mro II AKIY"LbHble npo6.eMbi rp.1.tVJ.dH<:lB M. 1995 C 121,
lkwiHuwiI B.B.flllOIIHoerpaJK!J,aHCTBO" 3II1lI11Ta npaB'II:IJOIIeK C. 133.
2EmlpcIO.P.BoJlpocbII'pd.lJ!.lHCTB.}BWHapo.I\HO"llJXllle M,1986.C 18.
J '1uqepuHE.H Kypc rocYJlapcTlleHHOii HaVl<l' Ij !'oolllee rocyJlapcTBeHHDe npaoo.
M.1894.C 200.
53

[le.rJblO 3aK.IO'leHHOH B 1954 r. KOHBeHIDIH 0 CTa1)'ce armpt{IlOB SlB-
JlSleTCSI He JlI1KBUliaUlfSl caMOro COCTOSlHI1.11 fie3rpIDK.lIBHCl1l. a YCTIlHOB-
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lUISI JlI1U fie3 . ComaCHO KOHBeHUHI1 0 COKparneHHI1 fie3-
tpaJK1IaHCTBa OT 30 aBrycra 1961 r. roCYillIpCfBa 063aHbl flpltHHTb Mepb!
KYMeHbWeHlt10 'Jl.lClla H3XOlUIlllItXCSI Ha I1X  JlItU, He IfMeJOlllIIX
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lUItM H8 -reppl1TOpl1l1 rOCYlIapCTBa B fleplto.ll He Metret flHTH neT 11 He
ocy;t(lleHHblM 3.1 COBepWeHl1e TIDKKItX npecTyfl/IeHHii, a TIlJOKe JlI1U8M.
ocerna Sl8!lHBWItMC amffpna8MI1, H IIp. OllHaKO B HaUHo.HaJlbHblX 3.1-
KOHQlIB'feJIbCTB3X rocynapcTBa l1:IDeralOT ycr8HaBJIl11k1Tb KBKHe-JlIt60
KOHKpeTHble 06S13aTeJlbCTBa nepe)llll1uaMI1 6e3 rpIDKllaHCTBa
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>KlIaHCTBa, Poocim He flpHHm.crr }"JaCTI1.ll, o.IJX!HI1'II1BaHCb BH)'JJIeHHI1MIt
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'uo PocCHiicKaH (f)e)lepaUH.II nOOIllPHeT flpuOOpeTeHQe ee rp:DI(!IilHCTBa
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Mx npaBoooe flOJlO)l(eHl1e anpellen.lleTCSI BHyrpeHHI1M 3aKOl-lOlIaTeijbCT-
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06ecne'llITb lIJISI nl1U Ge3 tpa)K1l1lHCTBa nOJlb30BillUie OCHOBHbIMI1 npaBaMIt
4eJ\OBeIO 11 oGecfle4IITb lUISI Hf.IX COOTBeTCTIJyIOO pe)l(l.!M. B PoccJ.1I1
cral)'c JlI1U fie) Ip<UKlI]\HCTB3 fla cYfUeCTBY npl1paSHI1IJaeTCH K CJa1)cy
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fl!IOMBTlt4ecKoe flpellCTaBItTeJ\bCTBO He BnpaBe o.Ka3blBaTb 11M 3arnlt1)'.
J1I1lIa Ge3 lpIDK1laHCTBa He Hecyr OOHHCKOH aGH3aHHOCTH H He ofuJaaa-
lOT npaBaMI1 rp8)!()1aH, Ha HI1X paCflpocTpaHHIOTCSI Te >Ke arpaHI14eHJ.lSI.
'ITO 11 Ha HHocrpaHueB.
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BatoUIHMH ];I npeJJ.eJlaMII PocatHaroii Cl>e.aepawm. OCoGeHHOCThIO 118HHO-
ro flpHHUI1fl8 SlBJI.IIeTC.II em BJaHMOCBSl3b c eCreCTBeHHblM npaBOM 4eno-
BeKa 113GHpaTb \fecro CROera >K111eJlbCTBa, coo6onHa Rble3)1(aTb 3a npe-
lIen),1 cBoem rocYillIpcrna 11 6ecflpenSlTCTBeHHO B Hero B03I!p!IIl1aTbCSI. B
'I. 2 CT. 27 KaHCTH"!)UHH P<t:> }fKa3aHHoe flpaBa nOll)"JWla 3aKpenJleHHe:
«KIDKa,bli1 MO)l(eT CDo60lI.HO BbleJ)f(8Tb 3a flpellenbl Poccl1tkxoi1 (f)e)le-
paUHI1. rp<1)I(!UlHI1H PaCCl1iiCKOH (]:\enepauffl1 I1MeeT npaBO 6ecflpemn-
] OJrnacHoCT.5KoHBCHIIHItOOOl'p"iIlJLHItIt 1961r.Ka:I\!Iocroc)-
JlapcTlIO - 'IJICH OOH JlO!DKHO nosa6urKrbcJI 0 TOM. 'nOObl yrpaTa fJJaJK.!laHCTI!a
C1J'3HbJ 6bJlIa 06yc.ToliJIcHa nplto6pnrHI1CM .llPyroro rpa.o<.1I.dH<:T CTaThIt 8 KOHIJeH-
l\Illt HCpet(DIIICH1l)eTfocynapcTBiU't lIpH6eraTbKJlItWCHltlOfJJIVIill3ItCTBa,Cc..'I13TO
JleJ]aeT>I)(JlltllaMt!6e:1rplA<J\J.HCT""IID.eilcTB}IOw.ee..eHap0I1Hl1paBO.T.
I 1996.C.250
2TaM)I(e
54

CTBeHHO B03BpmllliThCH B POCCI1WCKYIO <1'I!:.nepam:lIO». B CBOIO o.lept'llb.
KOHcnrryul10HHaH HOpMa COOTBeTCTB\'eT CT 12 MeJKllyt-l1llXU1Horo naKTII
o fJlaJKll3HCKI1X 11 nOJlI11WlecKI:IX npawx ar 16.neKa6pH 1966 r., me
rOBOpI1TCSI, '1TO «Ka)l(J1blW '1ellOBeK HMeeT npaoo nOKHllaTb 111(0)'10
CTpaHY, BK!lIO'JaIl CBOIO C06crBeHHYIO» ('I. 2 CT. 12) H «HHKTO He MOJK
6b1Th npoH3BD.%HO -'!HllleH npaBa Ha B'be3J1 B CBOIO Co6cTBeHHYIO CTpa-
HY» (I.j 4 CT. 12). npaBHJ1a Bble3J1a 3<1 npe.aeJ1b! POCCI1i1CKOIt CDe.nepauHI1
H B'be1illl Ha ee reppl1TOpHIO onpe.neJllllOTCSI (f)e1ll'PaJ1bHbIM 3aKOHOM OT
15 aBrycra 1996 r ..0 ITOpHllKe Bble31la 113 POCCHWcKOW (f)e1lepaUHI1 H
B'beJ11a B POCCI1WCKYIO (f)ellepaUHIO»I.
KaK }')Ke OTMe'IaJ1OCb, O.nHHM 113 lk1JKHei1WI1X npl13HaKOB "1ii
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xpaHeHHe H cyweCTBOBaHHe rpaAQJ,!l.HCTB.1 BHe npeJ1eJ10B reppHTOpl1aJ1}'-
HOW topI1CllIIKUHI1 rocynapCTBB 3TO OTpIDKeHO B 'I. 3 CT. 4 3aKOHa
2002 r. «0 rpaA<JJ,aHCJBe POCCI1I1CKOH (f)ellepawU:l», me rOOOpl1TClI, 'no
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3TO HOpM}'1 B 3aKOHQ!1aTeJlbCTBO 0 rpa:iK.!IDHCfBl' 03Hal.jaer HJMeHeHl1e
rrpe1lCT3I!JIt'HI1S1 0 TOM, '1TO IpaJK1laHHH, npOJKHBBH 3a rpaHHuew H He
HCI10JlH.\HI npH .tTOM 0611.JaHHoc-refJ B OTHOWeHI1H CBoeJ:i. CTpaHbl, co-
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weH rpB)I(J1BHCTBB. no.no6HID1 npBKTI1Ka cywecTBOBaJlB I1pBKTl1'1eCKI1
C MOMeHTII B03HI1KHOBeHI1H COBeTCKOro rocynajJCTBa. Tal<, 15 neKa6pH
1921 r. BUHK H CHK PCOCP 6bVl I1pHHSlT neKpeT"O 1111weHHH npaB
rpaJl()lllHCTBa HeKOTopblX Ka-reropHI1 1111U, HBXODJIllil1XCH ]a fJl3HI111efJ».
Crrenyer OI'MI:IlfTb, '1TO 11 nOCJle1lHHfJ 3aKOH 0 f['roK1laHCTRe CCCP
1990 r. CQl1ep)KaJ] yKaJaHl1e H3 TO, '1TO 1111llJeHI1e rpIDKIlaHCTBa MOJK
HMeTb MeCTO B HCKJlIO'II1TeJlbHOM CJI)"IBe H TOIIbKO B OTHOWeHI1H ,]H11B,
npO)KJ1BalOlllero 3<1 rpaHHuefJ. OcHOBBHl1eM SlRJlHJ10Cb COBepweHl1e ,]H-
UOM nei1cTBI1i1, HBHOCHlllHX cyt1.1eCIlJeHHbli1 Ylllep6 roCynapcTBeHHblM
HHTepfCaM WlH roCyD.apcTReHl-IOIi 6c30I1aCHOCTI1 CCCP (CT. 23).
F'a:m&£rne MeJK.IIYHapoJIHbiX CBSIJeri H MeJK1IYHBpoJIHOro carpynHWJe-
CTBa POCCldlcKOW 11 C npyrtlMi1 crpaHaMH npi1BeJ\11 K 3H81.ji1-
Te1IbHOMY YBe;JI1<leHHIO '1HClIB poCCI1i1CKHX rp<UK.!IaH, Bble3JKBIOWHX 113
crpaHbl Ha HeKOTOpblii nepHOll no JXUlIl1'lHblM npli'litHaM - B KOM:ll-l!IH-
poBK)', pOOmy no KOHTpaKl}' H T.1I. HeKoTopble poCCI1i1cKl1e rpIDKllaHe B
cWly pa:lf1I1'IHblX o6croH-reJlbCTB npo)KJ1BalOT B 1IPyrnx el]:nHBX., B TOM
'1I1ClIe B ClpaHBX CHr, coxp3.HSlSI npl1 3TOM pocCHi1cKoe f"JXDK.IIaHCl1'IO.
Oc06ylO aKryarIbHOCTb npHH11l1ny co.>.paHeHIDI fJlIDKillIHCTBa J1Hua-
MJ1, IlpOJKI-IBBIOllU1MI1 J.a npene.rw,.\H POCCI1cKoii (f)ellepaWtl1, npl1nacr
pacnan CCCP, nOBlieKwHi1 paJpblB YCTOSlBWI1XCH COWlarIbHo-npaBOBhlX
CBJlxii, 3Ha'll1nhHYIO Ml1fJ1aUHIO HBCeJleHI1S1 B npellenBX ero Teppl1TO-
pHa.1. BMOCTe C TeM, He CJIen,yer CMeWa.1BaTb llBHHblH npl1HUHn C nOCJ\ellCT-
I C3PfP.1996.N!34.CT 4029
55

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nMuaM, 8 TOM I.jHc.'Ie npoJKHlkUOillHM Ja npelleJ1aMH PocCMiicKO €IJe.1le-
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npHHlli1n ('()1ij)aJ-JeIDI>I rpa;.K!laHCTBa Ja nl1UaMI1, H<C{OllllWHMliC>I Ja
npenelJaNl1 cooero rocyn.apC'TBa, HaWeJI orp:DI{eHIte 8 HaUI10HaJlbHbJJ( 3<lKO-
Hax 0 rpaIKlIaHCTBe A3epfuiin..KaHa (CT.7), [,e1JdPYCll (CT. 15), fPY3MH
(CT. 7), Ka3a'U:TaJ-la (CT. 7), KHpruJCTaHa (cr. 6), MoiuIOBbl (CT. 19), JIa-r-
811M (CT. 6), JIIITBbl (CT. 5) H npyrnx C1paH 6rrla<Hero Japy6e;Kwl.
EaI1HCTBO COUMaJlbHOro M npaBoBOm KOMnOHeHTII rJ:'WICMHcrna
HaUJnO OTplUKeHHe 8 3aKOHQfuTreJ1bCTBe p>ln.a rocynapCTB, rne npeny-
CMOTpeHO, liTO nHUO, B Te'leHHe HeCKOJ1bKHX mT nOCTO$!HHO He npo)!(Jt-
B,UOlllee B :HOH ClpaHe, yJ1JallMIk1eT ee rpa)l(.!lHHCTBO. npMHUMn coxpa-
HeHHSI [jXI)I(JlaHCTBa Ja npclleJlaMH TeppHTOpl1H rocynapcTlJa MO)l(CT
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Ba 3TI1X rocynapcm.
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l.jaeTC B YCTaliOBJIeHHH 0631rreJIbCTI>a rocynapcma OKa3b!IJ.aTb BceMep-
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CynapcrBOM H [jXI)I(JlaIiMHOM.
OH nOJ1}"1I1J1 l.jeTKoe OTpa)I(eHHe 8 KOHCT1fJYUlU!X A3ep6aI1l.oKdHa
(CT. 61). l)eJJapycM (CT. 10), fpYJHM (cr. 13), Kna'l:CT.u-Ja (I.j 2 CT. II),
KblpnccTaHa (I.j. 4 CT. 13), Poa:HM (I.j. 2 CT. 61). B CT. 13 Koiicnrr)UHH
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(CT. 7), Eienap}CH (CT. 5), rpy3MH (CT. 6), KaJaxc11ma (CT. 9), MOJlIlOBbl
(CT. 5).
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TaK H npeMCHHO TaM npe5bIBaIOWHM.
Kal< CJJe1l)U H3 CT. 7 3aKoHa «0 rpa;.K!laHCTBe PocCHi1CKO CDe.uepa-
WtM», rpwK1I.aHaM Pocctd\cKoii €lJelICpaUHH. HaxO.IDll/lHMC>I 3a ec npe.llC'-
naMH, npeLlOCTaBJ1S1IOTCSI 3aWHTa H nOK)X!BHTeJlbCTBO POCCHitCKOH <1Jene-
56

paUHH OpraHhI rocynapc1'1!eHHof:i BJlaCTH POCCIHICKOI1 epaw1l1.. ee HH-
ruJONanl'lf:CMlf npellCTdUHTt;JbCTIJa 11 KOHCYJlbCKHe yqpe)!(!leHI1H, HaXO-
.IDllllHeC.II 3a npenenaNH PocClrik.Koli (]>eLlepaUHH.. HOJl)!(HOCTHble I1tJua
yJ<a3aHHblX npe.llCTaUmeJ1bCTB H YLJpe)!(!leHI1f:i 06H3aHbI (O[leitcTIJOBaTb
TOMY. "IT06bl rpa.JK.!laHaM Pocrnf:icKof:i 4>e.nepaUI1I1 6bllla 06eCneLJeHa B03-
1O)!(HOCTb nOJlb30BaTbCH B nOJIHOM 06'beMe BCeMH npaBaMH.. YCTaHOB-
JieHlibJMI1 KOHCT1rryuuetl 1'$.. <1>e!lepa.bHbIMI1 IWHCTl1tylll1OHHbJMI1
3aKOHaMW.. bI!IIH 3aKOHaMI.f., 06menpH3HaHHbIMW npl1HUItJl3NH
H HOpMaMI1 Me)l(Jl)'HapOllHoro npaBa.. Me)l(Jl)'HapOLlHblMI1 HoroBopaMH
POCCHHCKOi1 4'lellepaUHH, 3aKOHaMH H npamtfTaMI1 rocy.rrapcrB npo)!(I1Ba-
HH.II 111111 npe6bllklHI1H rpIDKllaH POCCJniCKOW (]>e.aepaUHI1.. a TIllOKe 003-
MO)!(HOCTb 3alllHUlaTb I1X npaBa H oxpaHSleMbJe 3aKOHOM I1lrrepeCb!.
(f)yHKUHI1 mmJ1OMl11tLJOCKl1X npeJl.C'I'allKfebCTB POCCI1HCKOi1 (]>e.ae-
paW:1l1 OnpeLleJlSltoTCH BeHCKOM KOHBeHW1eM 0 nl1JlJ\OMaTH'JeCKHX CHO-
WeHI1S1X 1961 r. i .. a YHKUHW KOHCY1lbCKltX yqpe)l(!leHHw - BeHCKOW
KOHBeHUl1eit 0 KOHcy1lbCKHX CHOWCHI1S1X 1963 r. DeitCTBYeT r.nvKe KOH-
CY1IbCKHW YCTaB 1976 r. PoccHeH 3aKJIlOLJeHbl TIllOKe MHoroLJI1CJ1eHHble
nB)lcropoHHl1e KOHCY1lbCKlte llOrooopbll1 KOHBeHUHH.
3awH'ry 11 nOKpoBHTeJlbCTBO H:J.XOJUlIllHMCSI 3a py6eJ!<OM POCCH(:i-
CKHM rp<UKDaH:J.M POCCI1HCKaH 4>e.nepaUHSI MOIKeT OKa3bllJaTb B 4x>PMe
npaROROM nm.!OWH.. KOHCY11bTIlUl1M.. COlieilCT1ll1H R nOMeweHl111 B 1Ie-
qe6HGe 3aBelleHHe, M:J.TepHaJJbHof:i nOMOllil1. fOCY.napCTBO He 06HJaHo
B03MewaTb y6bITKI1.. nOHeceHHble ero rpaJK1IaHilMH 3a py6eA<OM BCJIell-
CTBl1e CBOIIX neitcTBl1it B Ka'IeCTBe 'JacrnbJX 1IHU. POCCHHcKaJI (])ellepa-
UHSI 06H3aH:J. OKa3blBaTb 3aWIIT)! CBOHM rpa)l(J1HH:J.M.. Hax01HIWHMCSI Ha
Teppl1TOpHH npymx roCYllapCTB.. eCJII1 eCTb OCHOBaHI1S1 CLJI1TI1Tb.. '1TO I1X
BJlacm HapYW3IOT npaBa 3THX Tpa)l(!l8H, npellYCMOTpeHHbie JaKOHo.1I,a-
TeJIbCTBOM rocyIJ;j()CTllil npe6bIBaHHSI I.[.f1I1 BblTeKalOWHe I1J -
POllHblX noroBopoB H 06bJLJaeB, 11 no co6crBeHHoit I1HI1Ul1aTHBe.. 6e)
06paweHI1H ee rpaAUJ,aH C npocwow 0 3aWHTe. B 1I1060M c;1)"lae 3.1-
WI1Ta nOJlIKHa OIGl3LIBaTbCH nl11U10MaTI1LJeCKHMI1 H KOHCy.lbCKHMI1
npeLlCTaBI1TeJlbCTBaMH He3aBHCHMO OT npocb6bl 1Il1ua.. npaBa KOToporo
HapyweHbl.
DOJIIKHOCTHble 1II1ua npeLlCTamITenbCYBa nOJ1>KHbl y5eIllITbCSI B TOM..
'ITO HapyrneHl1e npaB JX]CCl1fiCKOfO rprut(l]aHI1Ha B neitCTBHTeJlbHOCTH
HMeJlO MecTO. HellOIfYCTlIMO crpeMJIeHl1e onpaBllblBaTh rpaJK1IaHI1H:J.,
eCJII1 OH couepllJl111 flpdBOH3pYllJeHI1e no 3aKOHaM rOCYlIapcma npe6bl-
BaHHSI 11 BJlacTH noro rocynapCTBa npl1B.11el<a1OT ero K OI1IeTCT1!f:HHOCTH
crporo B paMKax CDoero 3aKOHo.rnlTeJIbCTBa, He UCl)'naSl B npoTHBop(':<{Me
C MelKllYHapOllHblMH CTaHlWpnlMH B o6JIacuI npau qeJlOBeKa B TaKOM
Cl1ryaUI1H 3aWHTa.. I<aK npaBI1J10, CBOlIl1TCH K nOMOllil1 npl1 Bbl60pe 11
npeJ1ocraBJ1eHI1H aJIBOKITrn.. ml6JUOlleHl1lO 3a TeM.. 'H06b1 He 6bJJ10 npo-
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I &.JoMocmu Bepwl!HOl"O COBeTa P(1)CP. 1964. NJ UL Cr.121.
57

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neJ1bHblX J1Wu, a BOo6we POCCHi1CKWX rpa>KJlaH KJlH HeKOTOpblX HX Ka-
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naH (HanpI1Mep, Koma poCCWCKI1i1 rpa>KJlHHWH OKa3aJlCH B 1IPyrOM ro-
cYllapcTBe B CIJO>KHOU cmyaUffW)
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paWJI1 nacnopTd (lUJ[lJ]OMaTI1ljeCKOfO nacnopra, CQy>Ke6HOro nacnopTd,
nacnopra topHJGj). B :fTOM CJ1Y'Jae nW[lJ]OMaTl1ljeCKI1MW I1J1W KOHCY.'Ib-
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pacnwCKY
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TW!JI1UWpOBaTb ero JlH'IHOCTh, TO OH D:OJVKeH npencr.mlflb JaBepeHHbie
B YCTaHOl'JleHHOM ITOPJillKe nl1CbMeHHble 3M1t'leHI.JSI He MeHee nBYX Ipa)!(-
naH POCCI.J!iCKOO (f)e.aepaW.JH. nlOlllI1e JlH'fHOCTb JaJlBI1TeJ1H.
B CAY'lae OTCyTC11iJIH y JaSlBI1Te1U1 OOk}'MeHTOB, nO.D.TBep>KJl!\lOillHX
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no pe3YJ1bTaTc1M npoeepKH opraHbl BHYIPeHHI1X .lIe.n PoccHilcKoi1
(f)e.aepaUI.JH HHnpaBJIHIOT He06xonHMYIO I.JHl]>opMaUHlO B MHHm:repcmo
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1lJ10MaTM<.leCKoro npenCTaBMTeJlbCTBa 111m KOHCYJ1bCKOro Y'fPeAlIeHI.JH
POCcHilckOIl(f)en e paw.Jl1.
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paBaH 0 TOM, 'ITO OH B 1peXllHeBHblj:j CpoK C MOMeHT[j npM6bITI.JH K Mec-
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nepaUWH 06HJaH cnaTb CBMlIeTl:J1bCTBO B OpraHI.JJ[jUMJO, wnaBWYIO nac-
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pHial), yrepHHHblH IpIDKlli1HHHOM POCCHHCKOIi (f)ellepauwM.
58

Ha TepplIToplm POCClUi ClllurreJlbCTBO co WTaMnOM norpaHW-IHOro
KOHTpoJlbHO-nponYCKHoro nyHKTa MO)l{eT 6blTb MCnOJlb30&1HO rpillKlla-
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qeHM.II HM focynajJCTBeHHOW flJaHMUbI POCCHWCKOM <1'I!:.nepaW1H B Kaqe-
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TeJIbCTBaMH WlH KOHcyJlbCKI1MM Y'lpe)l(JleHH.IIMH, OK.DblBaIOTC.II He3<!J-
4JeKTHBHbIMM, Pocmilcmii 4>enepaUl1dl lL'.II 3aWI1Tbi mrrepecOB rpa)l{-
DBH Mor:yT 6b1Tb npennpl1Hmbl M MHbie BbITeKalOWHe H3 Me>KLlYHapon-
Horo npaBa Mepbl.
OrxpblTbIM OCTaeTC.II BOnpoc 0 neWCTBI.JH naHHoro npHHUHna B
CJlY'Jae HapyweHI1W npaB POCCI.JWCKHX COOTelleCTBeHHI1KOB, nOCTO.llH-
HO np0)l{lHlalOlllHX Ja rpaHI.\Uew. B TOM QI1CJle Ha Teppl1TOpl1H CTpaH
CHf. QBCTb MJ KOTOpblX HMeeT POCCI1WCKOe rpa)l(JlaHCTBO. CywecT-
ByeT n03HUH.II, comacHo KOTopOi1 MaCCOBOe npenOCTaBJleHl1e pOC-
CMWCKOro rpmKilllHCT&1 3THH'leC)(JjM COOTe'leCTBeHHMKaM. npO)l{H-
BaIOWl1M Ja npeJIeJlaMI1 POCCI.JM. aBTOMaTH'leCKH npl.JBOnHT B J\dICT-
Bl1e II 2 CT. 61 KOHCTIIT)IUHH pcp co BceMH BblTeKaWWHMI1 nocJlen-
CTBI.J.IIMH Ha 3TO opl1eHTl.JpOBaHa npl1HHTaH 8 neKa6p.ll 1995 r. focy-
napcTBeHHoi! DyMOW pcp lleKJIapauHH 0 nOJJ.llep)l{Ke POCCl.JiiCKOi!
4>enepauHew POCCHWCKOH l1I1BCnOpbl I.J 0 nOKpOBI1TeJ1bCTBe pOCCHW-
CKI.JM cooTelleCTBeHHMJ.,.W I .
B TO JKe BpeM.II CJ1())I<.HO CKaJaTb, IJTO 6bV10 C1leJIaHO M 'lTO .QeJlaercSi
B naHHOM HanpaI!JIeHMM Ha npaKTHKC. 3a MCK.'lO'IeHl1eM Htilll1llft.1l.ydJIb-
HblX CJlY'!aeB, 06blllHO CB.II3aHHblX C nOJI)"IBlOillI1MI1 06illCCTIlCHHblj:j pc-
30HaHC cYJ\e6HbIMM npouttcaMl.J.
B UeJlOM npcllCTIlBJl.lleTC.II, lITO naHHb!iI npl1HUl1n nOJ])I{CH pea.rm3G-
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BaTb, liTO OH nOJDKeH 6blTb CB.llJaH. C QI1HOM CTOpOHbl, C cyaepeHlITeTOM
rocynapcTB, a C npyroo - C Orp8Hl.JlJeHHeM npenOCTaB.I1eHlliI IlxDKUaH-
CT&1 JlI.JUaM. npoJKI1BalOllll1M Ja npeLreJlaMM POCCMI1.
np"HUHn CCNpaHmI.J.II I'JIIDKo]aIICTI IIJI" 3aKJIlO'leHlIH IIJJH paCTOpJKe-
HIIH 6paK!l. llaHHbli1 npl1HUl1n nQllllepKI.JBaeT C)'WHOCTb I"JXUUI3Hcrna
KaK HHIlHBKlJ.Y<UIbHOM CB.IIJH JlMua C rOCYlrapcTBOM. HeJlOnYCTHMOCTb
npeKpaWeHM.II OTHoweHMi1 JpaJK1laHCrna 6e3 BOJ1eI.J3'b.llBJIeHH.II JlHua Ii
C06JIIOlleHlliI YCTIlHoI!JIeHHoM 3aKL"1HOf npoueD.)1Jbl.
CaMO no ce6e 3aKJIIO'ieH(1e 11J111 paCTOpJKeHHe 6paKa Me)l(Jly rpaJK-
naHaMH pa3JIH'IHbIX rocynapcm., a paBHO po)l(JleHl1e B TaKOM 6paKe ne-
Tei1 JlM60 HX YCblHOBJICHl1e o6ycnoI!JIffBaJOT BOJHHKHOBeHl1e nOBOJIbHO
CJlOJKHblX npaBOBblX CmyaUHi1, CB.IIJaHHblX C onpelleJIeHMeM rpIDKllaHcT-
BEl cynpyroB (JIl160 6bIBWI.JX cynpyroB) H HX nerew.
1/bccUUCf.l1Rr3JeT319959.neK116p1.
59

nO. 3aKo.Ho.lla:renbC'rBY HeKOTOpblX CTpaH ocrynJleH(1e B 6paK C (1Ho.-
CTpaHueM }L'I(1 HHe 6paKa C HHM Herem-o. B.I1e4eT (13MeHeHHe
rpa..t\JIaHCI1J. Hanpl1Mep. I1TdJ1b11HCKoe rproK,IIaHCTOO )KfHWI1Ha ttpHeT
npl1 BblXQlIe 3aMY;K 3a I1HOC"IpaHlra, eCJII1 no. 3aKo.Ho..naTCJ1bCTBY CTpaHbJ.
rpa;KD.aH(1Ho.M mropoi1 RRiUleTCH ee My.iK, o.Ha aBTo.MaTH'leCKI1 npl100pe-
TIleT ero rpIDKJIaHCTOO. B HeKUIUphIX JlaTI1HOOMepl1KaHCKHX CTpaHax
>KeHIllI1Ha. BCl)'nI1BWIDI B 6paK, aBTOMaTWJeCKI1 nplto6peTaeT rpIDK.I1<IHCT-
DO cooero cyrrpa. B:;mtX cnY'IaHX Ba3HI1KalOT I13BeCTHhle TpynHocTl1 11 C
o.npelleJIeHHeM rpa.>KIlaI-ICTB .nerei1, 'no. nopolKllaeT Cno.Pbl, OCOOeHHo.
npl1 pa3Bo.nax polUITei1. I1MelOlill1X paJJ1W1Hoe Jpa)KillIHCTBo.. CaMo. no.
ce6e 3aKJUo.4eHl1e 6paKa IIIe>K1IY rpaJKUaHaMI1 pa:JJIWlHblX focynapcm, a
paIIHo. po)K!leHl1e B TaKOM 6paKe Herei1. JlWJo I1X YCblHo.BJleHl1e IlOp(DK!I;)-
eT KOHJ1IDl1o.HHbIe npaBOBbIe ClnyalllUl, CIDI3<1HHble C o.npeJ1eneHl1eM
IpIDK1IaHCTB3 KaK C}lnpyroB. TaK (1 I1X nereM. nOCKo.JlbK)' BC1)'I1!leHl1e B
6paK C I1HOCTpaHLIeM 11 113MeHel-JI1e B CIllI311 C 3T11M I"pa)KllaHCTBa 3a'Iac-
1)'10 HeraTHBHo. CKaJllBaeTCSI Ha cynb6e }l(eHIllI1Hb!, TO naHHbri1 acneKT
nIXlfi'le"lbl 6bUl yperyJlI1poBaH rvleJK.rJyHdPOllHOi1 Ko.HIJeHUl1ei1 0. Ipa)K1IiIH-
CTEJe 3aM)')KHeM >KeHlill1HhI OT 20 I]JeDpailH 1957 r.. yqaCTHI1KoM KUfOpoM
6bUl CCCpl. B Hei1. B 'IaCTHOCTI1. Ilpl'lIyCMUIJJeHO, 'lI'O HI1 3aKllIO'leHl1e.
HI1 HUe 6paKa C I1HOC1]JaHueM. HI1 IlepeMeHa [JIDK1IaHC1Ba MY-
>KeM DO BpeMH C}1JleCTBCdJ;aHI1H 6pa<lHoro cOIma He 6Yller orpiI)Kill"bCSI
aBTOMaTIt4eCKI1 Ha rpa..KI1<IHC11J >KeHhI. B KOHBeHUl111 Ta)()!(e o.rOBapl.JBa-
eTCH, 'lI'O HI1 no6pooonhHoe npl106peTeHl1e KeM-JlWJo 113 I"pa)KllaH rpIDK-
naHCTBa KaKo.ro.-JlWJo fOCynapcTBa. 1111 OTKa3 Ko.ro-lIWJo 113 rpaIK./laH OT
CooefO rpa..Kll..U1CID He 6ylleT npeJUlTCTOOBaTb coxpaHeHl1IO CBOero rpIDK-
JJaHCIW >KeHo.H 3TOfO [JJIDK1JaHlDill (CT. 2). B TO >Ke BpeMli. nOll'leplU1BID1
3H!I'IeHile 6p<NHOro Co.103a DJI5I KIDKIlo.ro "eJlOBeJCa, OHa npeJI,)CM31pItBaer
D03MmKHOCTh nplto6peTeHllSi I1HocrpaHKaM rpa)K!laHCTBa M)0Ka no. ee
npocb6e B CneOOaJIbHOM ynpoweHHO\i IlOJ"fIlI.Kf HarypaJIl13aUl1I1 npl106-
peTeHl1e Ipa)K1IaHCTBa B 3To.M CJly<Jae Mo.JKeT 6bITb o.rpaHI14eHO B I1HTepe-
cax rocynapcTlJeHHo.H 6eJOllilCHOCTII I1JII1 nyfirJI14Ho.ro .
PaBHble npaBa B OTHOWeHl1l1 fJXDK.1U1HCTBa .pI1KCl1pyeT KOHBeHUI1R
0. JlI1KBH1IaUHI1 Bcex .po.PM nl1CKpHMI1HaUl111 B o.THo.WeHHI1 >KeHIllI1H OT
18 lleJCa6pH 1979 r., fIle B CT. 9 J.U,.peJVIeHo.. 4To. «rocyJJaPCllid-
yqaCT1iI1K11 npello.CTaBJUU(Jr >KeHWI1HaM paBHble C MY;K4I1HaMI1 npaBa B
OTHo.WeHl111 npl106peTeHI1I!, I13MeHeHI1H 11.1111 C01(JXlHeHI1H I1X rpa:>K1laH-
CTBa. OHI1. IJ 'llil-"THo.CTI1. o.6ecne>ll1BaKJr. "TO. HI1 BCTYlUleHl1e B 6paK C
I1Ho.crpaHueM, HI1 113MeHeHI1e rp(l)!(llaHCTBa My:>Ka Ba BpeMH 6paKa He
BJleK}'T 3a co.60if aBTo.MaTlfIlecKo.ro 113MeHeHI1H rpa)!(l1aHCTBa >Kelibl, He
npeIJpawaKJr ee B JlI1Uo. fie3 rpwtillAHClBiI 11 He Mo.ryT 3aCrdBl1Tb ee
IIpI1HHTb rpa;KD.aHCTBO M)l)Ka».
I &.JoMocmu BepMll>'IOI"O CoBeTa CCCP. 1958 N! 28 CT. 313.
60

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<fI'O 3aKJ]ID'IeHHe RlIH  6paKa Me)l(ll)' rpa)l()1aHliHOM PoccHfi-
CKOH 4te.uepaUHIi Ii JIHUOM. He liMeJOWHM rpIDKJIaHCTBa PoccHi1cKOii C1Je-
nepaUHIi. He BJ1e'1eT ItJMeHeHIDI rpa:.K.1J.aHC1l yte.naHHbIX flliU. t.13ieHe-
HHe rp.1)K!I:lHC1Ba O1lHliM li3 CynpyroB He BJ1e'1eT li3MeHeHl1.ll 
npyroro cynpyra. F'acropJt;eHue 6paK3 He BJ1e'1eT liJMeHeH11.11 rpffiKillJHCTBa
pQI1III!lJJIIXCSI B 3TOM 6paKe 11..1i YCb!HOB.,eHHhIX (}'J:VlqJeHHb!X) cynpyrn-
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61

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3aKOHe 0 rp.uKD.aHCnJe POCCI1M 2002 r He CODep)l(MTCH B CT. 2 3aK0H3
YCTaHOBJIeHO, tlTO BonpOCbl rpa)l(l1aHCTBa perynl1pylOTcJI nOMI1MO
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>lHCKOrO, 6.C. KpbLl0ll<l, H.A. Mu.meuoii M, 1992.
1  CA. rpaJKllaHCTBO POCCHCKO cIJc:lIepaIDtI1 M. 1994. C. 26-27.
3 Kal/OWUll E.1l. KoHrnnywKJlH:le (rocYMpcT!lCHHoe) npano PoccHH. M., 1999. C. 106.
62

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63

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C.54-55.
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,1eHHl1lmBa. E.H TorlOpHI1Hil M, 1980. C 23
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79

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llaHcrne CCCP llBOHHoe rpillK11BHCTBO nOCJII:iIDB:rR'.IIbHO OTBCprruJOCb.
TeM npltMe<lm"eJIbHee BbJrIIRIlI1T pe3KOe 1t3MeHeHite n03ltllltit rocy-
.napcTBd B OTHOllleHlt1t nBOHHoro rproKJl8HCTIIB It BBelleHlte B KOHCTHTy-
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1 lDe'J.o6 R,C npaoollble «"Ollbl 00IIaU<0m  M, 1971. IDOl/nip M
fpaJKlla"I1HOM6bITbOOSl3aH M.1972, Carpp<JH06B,M KoHcnrryu"JlCCCPltCOBeT-
u..uerp>l}lQ<lItL"TIIO.M., 1984; DA.H BonpocblCOOJeTCKOro M.
1963: KvlUl< PH. 3aKoH 0 rpa..II.lWHCJBe CCCP. M, 1980. JJ_ CA. COBeTCKDe
rpa;I{.!I.3"CTBO. KHen, 1983.
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] Sumy uf the Problem uf Multipk Natiunalny Prepare by Ihe Secretatial (14 May
19541 Documenl Ajcn 4184 - Yembook oflhe Inlemational Law CommIssIOn. 1954.
Vol 11 New Yurk, 1%0 P 59
2hot_MeAU1YH3pQII.HLI....nOroBOpC>B.1995.JI.'iJ10
91

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92

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cSlwHficSI K KaTeropHH JlI1U, C KOTopbIMJ.I B COQ11IelC1BJ.lH C llOroBOpaMH
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105

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AKTy.LlbHLlenpoolleJdYfPII)KllaHCTBa C. 31
1 Brubaker R. Cmzefl"lllp and Nallonhood m Franc and GermallY Harvard, 1992.
P.27.
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CTN!. I1MeCT HCI1CrrOJlHeHHble 06H3aTeJlbCTBa nepen rocynapcTBOM;
6) JlI1UO He BblITOJlHI1JIO CBOI1 l1M)'weCTBeHHble 06H3aHHOCTI1, C KO-
TOpbJMI1 CBRJaHbI cyweCTBeHHble rnuepecbJ rpaJK1J.3H I1JIIt rocynapcl-
BeHHbIX, KoorrepaTI1BHbJX It npyrl1x 06wecTBeHHhix opraHlt3aUitH
(CT. 173aKoHaorp:DII.IJaI-ICT 1978 r.).
BbIXOlll13 rpillKllaHCTBa TaJOKe He llOnyCKaJlCH. eCJlIt JlItUO, xoo:rraH-
CTlI}'IOmee 0 BbIXOlIe, npl1B11C'1eHO B Ka<IeCTBe 06BI1HHeMoro JlI160 B OT-
HOWeHI1H Hero ItMeeTCH BCl)'rrl1Bwl1i1 B JaKOHHYIO CI111)' npHroBop cYlIa,
rro1l!lcJKallUdi. l1CrrOJ1HCHI1JO, I1JIIt CCJ1l1 BbIXQl1 nl111a 113 HCTN!
CCCP npoTItBOpe'lltT I1I-UepecaM rocynapcTBeHHOM 6e30rracHOCTH
CCCP. B 3aKOHe «0 rpaAUJaHCTBe PC<J>CP» nOJJOXeHl1e 0 nponmope-
<IHIt BblXona nltua 113 rpaJK1J.3HCTBa Itmepec3lll rocynapcTBeHHOj.j 6e3G-
rrOCHOCTIt OTCyTCTBOBaJIO, 'lTO ITQ3Bo.UIJlO 6ecnpemITCTReHHO BbI"<Q1lHTb
1t3 POCCI1WCKOro rpillKll3HCTBa Y'leHbIM, I1IDKeHepaM It npyrl1M Crrelll13-
JlIICTaJlL 0llJaHI1<reHI1H H3 Bble1ll113 POCCIti1CKOi1 «J>enepaUI1I1 YKaJaHHOi1
KaTeropHIt nltu Ha.araeT CDe.aepMbHhli1 3aKOH OT 18 HK1'JH 1996 r. «0
rropHllKe BbJeJD.a 113 POCCI1j.jCKOIt Q)elIepaUI1I1 It m.e3ll3 B POCCItHCK)'IO
«J>enepaUHIO»2.
B 3aKOHe 0 rpaAUJaHCTBe 2002 r. JaKjJenneHO, <ITO BbIXQl1 113 fJJ<1)f(-
naHCTBa PocnrnCKQli <1>enepaUI1I1 )11111a, npo}KJtBalOwero Ha TefTJlITOpItH
POCCI1i1CKOj.j «J>enepaw1I1, OCyuIeCTBJlfleTCH Ha OCHOBaHItIt n06poBo!Jh-
Horo BOJleI13bSlB.l1eHH5J TaKOrO JlHU3 B 06meM nop5l11Ke, 33 I1CKllI04eHi1-
eM CII)'43eB, ConepJKaumx Ha.l1'll1e OCHOBaHl1k OTKaJa B BblXQl1e 113
rprutillaHCTaa POCCI1WCKOM cDcncpawUl.
I CiwuIiuooerocYllaro;TBeIiHoeIlpaoo M.1980C.223
2C3PfP.1996.N!J4.CT 4029
144

Bhr<on H3 rpIDKIDIHCTBa POCCHHCKOf! <1>enepaUHH 'JHUa, npo)l(J.tRalO-
wem Ha repplDUpIUl HHOC1piIHHOm rocyzJ.3pCTBa, ocywecTBII.IIeTC.II Ha
OCHOBaHHI1 nOOpOBOIIbHOra BOJleH3'h11R11eHH.II TaKOra 11Hua B ynpOlueH-
HOM nopSl1lKe, 3a HCKJIIOlJeHHeM CJ1)"1aeB, COllep)!(aWHX Ham1'lHe OCHQ-
BaHHi1 OTKaJa B BblXOne 113 rpaJK1laHCTBa Poccl1iicmii 4Jell.ejJ8Lall1.
BblXOll H3 rpa>Kill\HCTBa POCCHf!tKOf! <J>e.a.epaUlIl1 pe6eHKa, 01lHH H3
JXjD.HTeJIef! KOTOporo I1MeeT rpa;t<!lW-{C1BO PoccHiicMJii epaUlm. a lIPY-
rof! JXjlll1Tenb flRllfleTCJI I1HOCTpaHHblM rpa)l(.!laHI1HOM, 111160 ellI1HCTBeH-
HbII1 ponl1TeJ1b KOfOporo JlBJ1J1eTC.II I1HOClp!lHHblM rpwK1I.!IHl1HOM. ocy-
weCTBmleTC.II B ynJXjweHHOM nOp.ll1lKe no 3aIIDJleHI11O 060I1X J)()lJJ.!"leJleu
111160 no 3allRlleHHIO eJlHHCTBeHHOfO PQ!lIITeJUI.
B CT. 20 JaKoHa 0 rpIDKD,aHCTBe 2002 r. YCJI08lUI OTKaJa B BbIXOlre In
rpaAlllaHCTBa POCCHHCKOH @e.aepaUHI1 H ycnOBI1.11 OTK.'JOHeHH.II 3aflRlle-
HH.II l1Hua 0 BblXQl1e 113 rpaAlllaHCTlk1lVCJJOBIUI HellonyweHH.II BbIMJDa H3
rp:l)K1laHCTBa) 06belll1HeHbl B eJlHHble OCHOBaHI15I OTKaJa B BblXQIle H3
rpaAlllaHCTBa POCCHi1CKOf! <1>enepaUl.Jl1.
BblXon 113 rpaJKJJ.aHCTBa PoccHikKOi1 <J>e.a.epaUHH He 1l0nYCKaeTCfI,
eCJII1 I")JIDK11aHHH PoccHficKOf! $ellepaUI'II.1:
a) HMeeT He BbllTOJlHeHHoe nepell POCCHi1CKOH @enepalUtefi 06sl3a-
TeJIbCTBO, YCTaHORlleHHOe $e.!lePaJlbHbIM 3aKOHOM.
6) np}]B!le'1eH KOMneTeHTHblMH opraHaMH POCCHHCKOi1 <l!eIlepauHH
B Ka'lecrue o6sHHHeMom no yrOJloBHoMY lIeJIy ,'J}]60 B OTHOWeHI1H Hero
HMUTCH BC1)'[]HBllJl1i1 B 3aKOHHYJO CJ1JIY }] nOlUle>Kalludi }]CnOllHCHHJO
06BHHl.fTeJIbHbIH npHraoop cy.na;
B) He }]'-Iee-r l1Horo r)JIDK1l!lHCTBa H rapaHTI1i1 em npHo6peHHH.
npeKJIawemte rpaJK1laHCTIIa II $opMe IIbl60pa I)IaJK!l3HCTIIa (OImIUIDl).
OcHOBaHl1eM HM rpaJKJJ.aHCTBa B PoccHiicKOf! 4>e.n.epaUHI1 1111-
lliIeTCSI TalCKe O[]TaWISI (Bbl6op) rpa;KlIaHCTB3 B CJlY'IaIIX, Korna rpIDK.IJ.a-
Hl1H PoccHI1 npH }]3leHeHHH rOCYilllpCTBeHt10f! npHHMileAUtOCIh TeppH-
TOpHH, Ha Kmopoti OH npo)!(I1BaeT, Rbl6HpaeT HHoe rpaJKJJ.aHCTBO.
B 3at.OHe 1991 r. «0 rpI.)Kl\<\HCTBe PC<l>CP» OTlleJIbHOf! CTaThH. no-
CBSlweHHoti onTaUHI1, II r113.Be «npeKpaweHl1e rpIDKLLaHC1Ba POCCI1t1-
CKOi1 <J>e.a.epaUHI1& He CQllep)l(3}]OCb, nOCKDnbKY HB!lHBW!lIICSI 01lHOBpe-
MeHHO OCHOBaHl1eM He TOIIbKO yrpaTbl, HO 11 npl106peTeHI1S1 -.pa..K1l3.HCT-
Ba HopMa 06 OlITaUHI1 HaXQl1l1J1aCb cpenH OCHOBaHHH npHo5peHI1.11
I'pa)KLlaHCTBa (n. 3 'I. 1 CT. 123aKOH3.).
B 3aKoHe 0 rpaJKlJ.aHCTBe POCCI1i1CKOt! <J>e.a.epallHH 2002 r. HOpMbl
06 OnTIlUHH COIle)JA<.c1TCJl KaK B r,laae. npe.ll}CMaT)JHBalOwef! npHo6peTe-
H(je rpaAlllaHCTBa PoccHi1cKOIi <1>enepaUt1H, TIlK (j B lJIaBe 0 npeKpawe-
H(jH rpruKD.aHCTaa PoccldicKOH <1>enepallHI1. XOTH 3TH HOpMbl 11 He coa-
na)lalOT npyr C npyrOM TeKCTyaJIbHO. B CT 21 «Bbl60p (jHOro I'pa)KLlaH-
CTIJa (onTaUl1Sl) npH I13MeHeHHH focynapcTBeHHoH rpaHHUbl POCCHH-
CKOI1 <DellepauHH» 3aKpe[lJ[eHO, 'HO npH TCJJpl1TOpl1aJ1bHblX npeo6pa30-
1k1HI1S1X B pe3Y11bTaTe 113MeHeHI1.11 B COOTBeTCTBHH C Me)I(!IYHaponHblM
145

norOBopoM POCCHHCKOI'I <J>e.a.epaUl1H ee rOCyltaTBeHHOti rpaHHUbI
poccHHcKHe rpaJKlJaHe. npo>KHBaIOWHe Ha TeppHTOpHH, KOTOpa nOll-
BepmaCb YKa3aHHbiM npe06pa30RaHHIJM, anpaBe COXp3HHTb HJlH 11]-
MeHl1Tb CBOe rpa>KllaHCTBO comaCHO YCJlOBI1.IIM ltaHHOrO Me>KlJ.YttdpOll-
HOro llOroBOpa.
B 3aKOHe npt'J1).CM01pCHa B03'IID>KHOCTb npeKpaweHHSI rpIJK!C.'lHCT&I
POCCHCKOH <1>enepaUHH no HHblM OCHOBaHHIJM. npell.}CllIO'I'peHHblM
3aKOHOM 0 lpa)KJ]aHCTBe K!1H 1l'1KlIYHapOnHb!M DorOBopoM PoccHikKOi'i
<J>e.a.epawU1. B 3aKOHe 0 rpaJKU!lHCTBe K MHh!M OCHO&lHl1IJM MO>KHO
OTHecrn B03IIIOAUIDCTh I13MeHeHlII1J rp!UKlJ.aHCTBa neTd! III Helleecnoco6-
HblX ITMU npM MJMeHeHHH rp[l)l(ll;mCTBa pollHTeJlei1, orreK)'HoB M no-
nelIlHeJle.
OrllleHa peweHIIJI 0 npH06peTeHHH ILIIH npeKpaWCHHIl pocCHHcKOro
IpWKllllllCTBa. POCCMi'iCKoe rp;l)K!IaHCT1lO MO:.JCeT 6b1Tb npeKpaWCHO II
CJly<me OTMeHbl peweHIUI. ° npHo6pereHHH rpillKJIaHCTBa PoccHCKOti
<J>e.a.ep3l_IHH. TaKoe >Ke peweHHe 06 OTMeHe MO)!(eT 6blTb BblHeceHO Ii
UfHOCl1TeJ1bHO npeKjJaweHHIJ rpaJKU!lHCTBa.
OCHoBaHllleM WlSI :Horo SlBJ1S1eTCSI npHHSlTl.Je peweHHH 0 npHo6-
peTeHHH l1J1H npeKjJallleHI.JH pOCCHHCKOro rpaA\lIaHcTBa Ha OCHOBa-
HHH YCTaHOBJICHHOrO B cync6HoM nOpmIKe 4JaKTa npCllOCTaBJIeHHSI
3351BI.JTeJleM 3aBellOMO nOlL'JO>KHb!X nOK)'MeHToB IUIH JaBellOMO 110)1(-
Hb!X cBeneHHw.
OrMetta pellleHHH no BOnpocaM rpaJKJJ,aHCTBa Pocc}]ikKOW <1>elle-
paW1}] OCyurecTBllSl.e1CSI npe3H1leHTOM PeD IUI}] HHblM nOJlHOMO'IHblM
opraHoM. BCillIlOWHM neJlilMH a rpaJKJJ,aHCTBC Poccl1ikKOi1 <1>ellcpauHH
H npHHSlBlllHM TaKoe pellleHHe.
npH HaJlWII.JH YCTaHOBJIeHHoro B cyne6HoM nopSlllKC nOll06Horo
4JaKTa nOMI.JMO OTMeHbI pellleHH no BOnpocaM rpaJKJJ,aHCTBa 1Ii1UO MO-
)l(eT 6bITb npl1B.'JC'IeHO K YfOIIOBHOi1 orBe1CIIIeHHOCTH B TOM CJly<tae,
eCJ1i1 II ero lldiCTBHX conep"'HTCH COCTalJ npeCTy!1J1eHH
B OT1Iwme OT npellblllYwero J"ikOHa ° rpaJKU!lHCTBe 1991 r.. HopMa
3aKoHa ° rpIDKIDIHcrne 2002 r. n03BOJlHeT pacnpocTpaHSlTb perneHHe 06
OTMeHe II npHo6peTtHliH W1i1 npeKpaWeHHH pocci1ikKOro rpaJKll3HCTBa
Ha 'VICHOB CCMbH JlHua. KOTOpoe YJll.J'IeHO B npcnocraliflCHI.JH I]Janbllll1-
BblX nOKYMeHTOB I.J JaBtllOMO JIOJKHblX cllelleHHw. KpoMe TOro. CCJI}] II
3aKoHe ° rp;LK!laHcTlJe 1991 r. fiblJl ycraHolifieH npelleJlbHbli1 nSlTK!1eT-
Hi1i1 CpoK llJlSl OTMeHbl pellleHIHI 0 npe.lIOCTaRlleHI.JI.! rpa)!(1laHCTBa, no
npOlllecTBHI.J KOTOporo POCCHwCKoe rpa..i<.lIaHCTB. nOJl)"-leHHOe Ha ac-
HOBe I]JanblllHBb!X nOJ<yMeHTOB, }0Ke He MOrJIO 6bITb OTMeHeHO, TO II 3a-
KOHe 0 rpaJKJJ,aHCTBe 2002 r orpaHH'IeHIHI no cpoKaM llJlSl OTMeHbl pe-
rneH}]H no BOnpocaM rp!UK1J.3HCrna OTCyrcTBYJOT.
.lIHu.JellHe IpIDKWUICTBa. CVI1U:CTE)'eT B3aHMOCIDIJb Me)I(!I,Y OTMeHOW
perneHHIJ ° npelI:OCT3RIICHI1H rpa>KI13.HCTBa H 1IIill1eHHeM rpaJKJJ,aHCTBa:
UfJ.feHY perneHIHI ° npellOCTalLleHHH rpIDKIDIHCTBa MO>KHO paCCM:ITpl1-
BaTb KaK pa:n-KJBIUI.HOC1b JU11JleHlliI. fJJiOIUIdHCTBiL
146

Bo-nepBbIX, :no eJlHHCTBeHHoe OCHOBaHl1e. nonycJGll()[llel' npeKPa-
WeHl1e rpaJKJJ.aHCrna 6e3 n06poBOJlbHoro BOJleJ.l3bJ)BJleHIHI1Ullla.
BO-BTOPbIX, JlHWeHl1e rpruK.D.aHCTBa. B TOM 'Jl1CJle B CJlyome Harypa-
JlJ.t3aLIDH oOMaHHblM nyreM, SlBJ]SleTC o6bJ'IHOi'! IJx>pMOlt yrpaTbl rpIDK-
naHCTlm B 3apy6e>KHbIX ClpdH<lX. BMecre C -reM, He.nb3 OlOJIUreC1lJJIJJTb
JlJ.tweHl1e rpaAUlIU-ICTB3. npaKT!1K0e3ErneeCSI B COBeTCKoe BpeMSI. H aB-
TOMaTH'IecK}'1O yrpary rpaJKIDIHCTBa, cywecmytOI.Jl)lO B 3aKOI-IOl1HJ'eJIbCT-
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3aKOH «0 rpaJKIDIHCTBe POCCHiiCl<oi:t <1>enepau!1J.1» 2002 r., TIlK:'Ke
KaK IlInwly((udj. HCKJJIO'Iaer B03MOJKHOCTb npoH3BOJIbHOrO JlHWeHH
rpruK.D.aHCTBa. Cor.rracHo 'L 4 CT. 43aKoHa rpaJKIDIHl1H PoccUWCKOM <1>e-
nepaUHH He MOJKeT 6bITb JlI1WeH CBoerO fJ)aJKJJ.aHCTBa.
npl1Hwm HenO!1ycTI1MOCTI1 Jll1111eHl1S1 rpaAUJaHCTB3 nOSlBHJ[C TOJIb-
KO B poccHikKOM 3aKOHonaTe.nbCTBe 0 rpa)l(l1aHCTse, nOCKOnbK}' nee
3aKOHbl 0 COlO3HOM fpIDKllaHCTse. BICJIO'I3H hott 0 fpIDKllaHCTBe
CCCP 1990 r.. 3a1(pen:l\IJlI1 TaK)'lO 4JOPMY yrpaTbl rpaJKIDIHCTBa.
J1l1weHJ.te fJJIDK.IWHCTsa - pdCKpJl(eHl1e CBJJJJ.t [JJWKlIdHCTIJ<I no HHJ.t-
WlaTHBe rocynapcrna, B Q!1HOCTOpoHHeM nOpmIKe, He npen)'CM31pJtBaJO-
wee B Ka'leCTBe )CIlOOHH corJlaCHe fJ)!UK1l3.HHHa
J1I1WeHl1e fJJ<!)!(llaHCTlJa WIIpOI..O npaKTI1KOIJarJOCb COrera..HM fOcy-
napCTBOM Ha npoHIJKeHl1H BCei:t HCTOpHl1 ero paJBlfJltJI, BbIC1)nanO KaK
cpenCTBO 6opb6bl C HHaKOMbICJ1HeM. 4JoPMa penpeCCHW. HenplUH.:UtH
3a COBeTCKJ.IMH rpaAillaH3MH npaBa npoJKIIBaTb 3a rpaHHUew. J1HweHHe
rpa..KI1aI-ICTI HMeJlO CMbICJ1 B yCJIOBHHX IweorJOl1I'IeCKoro npOTI1BOCTOH-
HI1S1 llBYX CI1CTeM. KOflUi JlHWeHHe rpa..!<.lIdHCTI CCCP. KaK npamL1o.
conpOBOJKillLOCb RblllBOpeHHeM 113 npeLLeliOO CCCP
BOT 'lTO nl1CanOCb 0 JllUUeHJ.tJ.t fpIDKllaHCTBa B 1982 r.: «5IHweHJ.te
I]Xl)I(!IaHC1II3 CCCP - 310 TIlJKKIDI Mepa HaKa33HIffi. B MopanbHOM Uf-
HOWeHI1H mill, nO)l(a,yit, 3Ha'll1TenbHO H]JKeJ]ee Mep }TOJIOBHOti OTBeT-
CTBeHHOCTJ.t (KjX)Me paccTpeJla). 011HO Heno. Koma 'IenOBeK ur6YneT
yronORHoe HaKaJ.aHHe R Blille JlHWeHI1H cR()(OllbII1 sepHeTcH nOCJIe 3To-
ro K ce6e nOMoi'!. K CBOHM POllHbJM 11 6JJH3KJ.tM. npllo6uurrcsJ K 06llle-
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a npyroe - Koma 'IeJ]OBeKa npHHY1lI1TeJlbHO Jll1WalOT rpaJKIDIHCTBa, Bbl-
nBOplOT 3a npeneJlbJ CCCP H OH -repSleTCBOIO POlll1H)'»I.
Ha npaKTIJKe npaBO JlHWeHI1J[ rpaJKJJ.aHCTBa CCCP I1Cno'%30lJarJOCb
B UfHOWeHl111 Jll1ll, He yrOllHblX peJKI1MY. l1IaBHbJM 06paJOM nl1CCl1lleH-
TOB. XapaKTepHO. 'IlU 3aKOHQlIafC.%Hble aKTbI 0 rpaJK.IIDHCTBe no npJ.t-
H.llum 3aKOHa 0 rp;LKJJ.aHCTBe 1978 f. He CQ!1epJKaJII1 HI1KaKJ.tX yJanlHl1M
HJ OCHOBaHH. no KOTOpblM Morno npl1MeHHTbCH JlHWeHl1e rpaA(1lIU-ICT-
Ba, OCTaRJlSlSl peweHI1e 310ra BOnpoca Ha YCMO'J']JfHl1e KOMneTeHTHblX
opraHOB. BnepBble TJKl1e OCHOBaHHSI YCTaHOBI1lJ 3aKOH 0 rpaA(!laHCTBe
CCCP 1978 r K HI1M OTHOCl1lJl:ICb «l1eii:CImISl. nOpD'lawJ.te BblCOKoe
I J"OI08lW A.A. 1.Jeoo8eK, nll'lHOCTb. rpaJ!(ll.aHIiH. MIIHCK, 1982. C 30.
147

3BaHI1e rpIDKllaHI1Ha CCCP 11 HaHOCSlWlie ywep6 npeCTJ.ol<Y J.tJ1J.t ro-
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Momo ItMeTb MeCTO B 1tCKJ1lO4ltTeJ1bHOM CJ1)"1ae no peweHlt10 npe31tlLHY-
Ma BepxoBHCro CoBeTa CCCP (cr. 18 3aKOHa 0 rpIDK!J.!lHCTBe 1978 r.).
flltWeHJ.te rpa)l(,!laHCTBa Homno CTIX"ro nepCOHaJ1bHbIt1 xapal<Tp H He
Bl1eKJIO 113MeHeHI1.11 rpIDK!J.!lHCTBa Hl1 cynpyra llaHHoro jJl.lua. Hit ero
lleTi1, KOTopble C01(j)aHflJ111 COBeTCKoe JpaJK1l8HCTIJO. flHUO, JJI.IWeHHOe
rpa:.K1IBHCTEi3 CCCP, Momo 6bITb BblJIBOpeHO 113 npeLleJIOB CCcpl.
3aKOH 0 rpIDKJIaHCTR' CCCP 1990 r.. JaKpenJI.ll.ll JlItWeHl1e rpIDK-
llaHCTBa, orpaHIt'lKJI B03MO)l(HOCTit ero npHMeHeHI1S1 - TO;JbI<O K TOMY
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pellJHII He peryJ1l1pyeMbl paHee BOnpoc 0 TOM, KTO BHOCHT npellCTIJB-
JleHl1eOJDtllJeHltltrpIDK!J.!lHCTBa.
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COBblt! nQ1lXOll. pacnpoc1paHSlBWHt!CSI Ha liMble KaTeropHI1 rpIDK!J.!lH.
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JaHaBeC HeMHoro npHOTKpblJlC.II11 COBeTCKlte rpIDK,naHe n01l)"lHIII1 npaBO
BbleJJK:ITb Ha nOCTO.llHHoe MeCTO )l(JtTe.bCTBa 3a JpaHltUy. III.1OCOBbIW
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llOM IIHJ(Q[Ia 113 rpil)KlI!IHCTBa 2 .
B 1967 r. npe3HlmYM BepXOBHOro COBeTa CCCP npJ.tHSln YKa3
«0 BbIXOlll' I1J rpa;KI1aHCTBa JlI1U. nepece;JSlJOIllIt\:CSI 113 CCCP B fupa-
HIIb». OHI1 C411TaJ111Cb Bbl6bIBWI1MI1 113 rproKillII-ICT1 C MOMeHTa ItX Bbl-
e31ffi I1J CCCP T YJ<.13 HOCHII 33Kpb(lblj.j xapaKTep, He 6blJl Ony6l1l1-
KOBaH. Ha Hero Hellb3S1 6bJJ10 CCblJlaTbCSI. CeJ<peTHOCTb C Hero 6bJJ1a
CHSITII no 3aKllIO<JeHI1IO KOMlITeTa KOl-lClHI)'llltoHHOro HartJOpa CCCP,
Ha OCHOBe KOTOporo YKa3 6b]]] oQ>HW1aJIbHO OIly6.!lHKOBaH Qepe3 24 roilll
nOC11eeronpHHSlTHSI.
Janper Ha npHMeHeHl1e J1H1l1eHlliI rp[l)l(JlaHCTBa BblTeKaeT 113 npaBa
ljenOBeKa Ha Jpa)l(L(aHCTBO. llBycropoHHero 'O(kIKlepa CBSlJeM Me)llJl,)' lje-
1I0BeKOM (1 rocYlIDpCTBOM, 1OI1lIIX OTHOllJeHI1.II rpIDKJJ.aHCTBa (1 npelI-
I CM 11 5 Y>=a n1tII1O}'IIId E\ep1<otH:;ro COReT3 CCCP OT I "IOH 1979 r /I Be-
nOMOCTH Bep\ooHoro COBeTa CCCP. 1979. Ni 25. CT 436
2 K}.1llIjJuH D.E. rocynapcTDHHoe I1paoo POCCMI1CI<OI1 C]:IenpaI1HM C. 174-175.
148

nonararowero HenonycnlMOCTb pacTop)KeHt1S1 3TI{X CBH3eW KaK OnHOI{,
T'dK 11 npyrDIl CIOpOHOII 6e3 BJ.aI1MHOrO COmUCl1S1. B TO >Ke fipeM>! ;0]1{-
WeHt1e rpIIJKD.aHCTBa MO>KeT 6bITb JaJ<OHQlla1'e11bHO c4>q:1"ty.ni1POBaHO KaK
yJ])aTa rp!l)K)1aHCTBa -"It 60 KaK OllHO It3 OCHODUHI{H BblXOilll It3 rpU)K-
naHCTBa. Hao6opoT, BOOMO)!(Hbl c.nY'JaI1, Kor.ua JaI<OHO.uaTeJlb (KaK B
MOJUlOBe) nOll 33KOHOilllTCJ1bH0i1 $JpMY.'JItpOIllCOIt 111{llleHItSI rp!UK1J.3.H-
CTBaI1MeeTBBl11lyBbIXO!l113rpaIK1laHCTBa.
Me)l(J1)' TeM, 11111lleHt1e IJIIDK!I1IHCl1! B KalleCTBe CaHKUHI{, HaKa3a-
Ht1H npaKTHK)'IOT MHOrl1e neM0KJXIT!1'leCKl1e crpaHbl, He npl11lep)KJ1-
BaKJIUIIttJ! npHHUl1na Heon,e"UleMOfO rpaJIUlaHCTBa. 06blllHO TdKdJI
Mepa npHMeHSleTCH TOJIbKO B OTHOllleHI1t1 HaT)'paJIl130BaHHbiX lpa)K.DaH,
n.onycnlBwl1x HeI103BOJJeHHOe nOBelleHl1e B TelleHl{e CpaBHlITenbHO He-
furIbWOro CpoKa nOCJ\e HaryparlH3aIlHI1 \HICTb 2 CT. II I1CnaHCKOM
111 YCTaHilBJII1JJaeT: 'ITO «HI{ 01111H I1CnaHeU no npoI{CXOJKD.e-
Hmo He 6yneT 11111lleH CBoeM HaUI10H3"lbHOCTI1»; Hal}'paJ11130BaHHble,
c.neLlOBaTeJlbHO. MOI}'T 6blTb 11111lleHbl. Anc1J>I1i1CKI1i1 JaKOH. nonYCKmo-
IllHM J1l1llleHt1e rpIDKJIaHCTBa H:II)'(llJIIt3OBaHHblX lpa)K.DaH. 33npelJ..laCT
3TO no HCTelIeHI1I1 llleCTI1.neT noc.ne HaT)'paJ1I13aUI1I{ ( 34. a63. 3) Bep-
XOBHbli1 CYll CWA B 1958 r. n01l!1ep)I(3JJ LlepaJ1bHbIi1 3aKOH, no KOTO-
poMY npenyc"fa"Jpl1Ba.nacb ylpaTa rp.LKlIaHCTBa 3a 'Y'IaCTHe B rOJlOCOBa-
Ht111 Ha BbI6opa." B I{HOCTpaHHOM rocynapcrBe»l.
J1l1weHt1e rpIDK1laHCTBa cOKpawaeT 06beM nplBOCy6'be!mrocTII J111-
ua. CHI1>KaeT Mepy era npdBOElOll 3aillHweHHOCTI{ no CBOHM nOCne!lCT-
DI1HM 111{1lleHI1C rpaJKUaHCTBa CXOllHO C T.n.JI/\IH MevuMI{. KaK nopa;KCHl{e
B npaBaX. «J!t1WeHIte OCHOBHbIX npaB» (CT. 18 OcHOBHOfO 33KOHa Q:lpr,
CT. 66 wnei1uapcKoi1 KOHCTHl)'UI1t1), rpIDKJIaHCKIDI Ka.JHb I{ np., BJlelleT
ylpa1)' rum COKpaweHl{e nOnhlll'lecKl1X CBHJdi C rocyn.apCTBOM 111t6o
1111WeHI1e 1101<pOBl-JTe/IbCTBa - OCHOBHblX 3JleMeHTOB rp!UK1J.3.HCTBa.
TaKI1M 06paJOM. OCHOBHoe pa3llt1l1l1e Me>K!I,Y 11I{WeHt1eM rp!UK1J.3.HCT-
Ba, cyweCTBOBaBWI{M B COBe'fCKIiH nepI1011, I{ aBTOMaTl1'JeCKoi1 yrpaTOri
rp!UK1J.3.HCTBa, 3aKpelUleHHori B ]dK{)l-l().MJeJlbCTBe 0 rpIIJKD.aHCTBe 3apy-
6e;KHbIX rocynapcrB, 3aKJIlOllaeTCH B TOM, liTO l1i1WeHl1e rpaJKD.aHCTBa He
COllep)l{,,"UlO 'leTKHX OCHOllaHI{W npl1MeHeHI1.II t1 paCCMaTpl1BaJ1OCb KaK
Mepa HaKaJaHJ.rn, B TO BpeMH KaK aBTOMaTl1'JeCKaH yrpara rp.1)K!IID{CTB3
 no crporo onpene.neHHblM B 3aKOHe 0 rpIIJKD.aHCTBe OCHOBa-
HI1HM 11 M()}KeT paCCMa1J>i1BaTbCH KaK peaKUI1S1 rocy.uapcn,a, J-GJ.npaB-
l1eHHaH Ha ynopHllCNeHt1e OTHOWeHl{f! rpaAlJJ,aHCTBa.
¥lpara I)IIDKIJ,WICTBa. OcHOBaHJ.rn npeKpaweHI1H rpIDKlIaHCTBa B Poc-
CI{f!Cl<Oij cDenepaul1l:1 no HOOOMY 3aKoHY 0 rpa>t..lIaHCTBe, TalOKe KaK no
nMY 3aKOHY 0 1JlliK1I3HC1Be 1991 r.. He BKllI04alOT B ce6H pac-
npocTpaHeHHbIX B 3aKOHo.uaTeJlbCTBe 0 rpa.I(.!I!U-ICT npyri1X CTpaH HopM
] Locha/1 W B.. Knmisar Y.. Choper J H. SIuffrm S.H. COnSI]lutrol1al Law 51. Paul,
1986 P 157.
14.

06 aH1O\fID')llIeCKOH yrpaTe 1JIIDK1I.3lII..'TBa. MO)I(Ho CKa3aTh, </TO fX)CCHt1-
CKI1H JaM)H 0 rpIDKilllHCTIJe npel:\)'CMIU])ltBaeT IOIlhMJ OllHO OCHOBaHt1e yr-
paTbI rpa..K1l3I-ICTB: nyreM OTMeHhl petueHHIJ 0 IlpIrefIIe B rpaJKLLaHCTBO -
nplt npellOCT'dBJIeHJ.U1 3aBel1OMO JJruKHhIX CBeneHItH H 4JarIhW(1BblX nOKY-
MeHTOB.
Me)l(!lY TeM, OCHOBaHt11J yrpaTbl rpIDK..!IID1CTB3 B 3aKOHOJIa'R''IbCTBe
o rpa.JKllal-ICTBe 3apy6eJKHblJ\ CT))aH DOBOJ1bHO pa3HOOGpa3HhL K<D£Woe
rocynapcTBO, (1CXQillI (13 Co6cTBeHHblJ\ ItCTOplf1reCl(ltJ\, nQJ1ItTl1'1eCKJI'l,
:Jt.."OHO\llt'leCKID: It npynlx }'CJ10Bldi. YCTIlHaWmBaeT It KOHTpoJIltJlyeT IIX
ItCnOJ1l-JeHlte.
HanpltMep, B CUlA 111UO YI'p<l'UJBaeT rpa.JKlIID{C1BO CIllA, eCJ11t OHO:
1) npro6peTaeT rpaJKLLaHCTBO ItHOCTpaHHoro rocy.napCTBa nyreM Ha-
TYpaJIll3."lIll11t H3 OCHOBaH(1l1 Jm1.JHoro 3UIBileHIUI. n0ll3HHoro OT ero
IIMeHIt. JalllIJ1eH1U1 OllHoro 113 pQl1MTeJlei1. onCKYHa. ynOJlHOM01.JeHHoro
npt:lICTIll!Hl'e Jut:6o 1-IJI)')JolIJ113aUHI1 pollHTeJ1e, ocynrecTBIIJIIOillHX
npaBoayJO onct<y Han 3HJM J1I1UOM;
2) npl1HOCIIT npl1CHI)' J11160 ItHblM 06pa30M 3allIIJ1HeT 0 sepHOCTH
UI-IOC'JPl!HHOMY rocynapCTBY 11J111 ero nOJlIITHKo-reppHTOpl1W1hHOMY
r1OJ1pt1111eJleHItJO;
3) nocrynaeT H<I CJlyJK6y I1J1It CJ1}')1rnT B BOOpy..KeHHhIX CRlJa.X ItHO-
CTpaHHOI'O rocYllapCTBa 6eJ cneUl1W1bHOro nl1CbMeHHOI'O pa3peweHI1H
rocceKpempH It MMHl1crpa 060p0Hhl;
4) nOCTynaeT Ha clI}')l<.6y. COC'JOKT B OOILKHOCTH 11.'111 l1CnOJlHJleT Ka-
lG1e-mIDO 06f[JaHHoCTI1 B J1t060M Y'!pe)l(!leHl1lt npaDMTCJlbCTBa ItHO-
CTpaHHoro rocynapcTBa I1J1It ero nOJlI1TIiKO-TeppMTopltaJlbHOro n01IpaJ-
lleneHI1H npl1 YCJ10BI1t1, liTO OHO I1MeJla 1111t1 npl106peTaeT rpa)l(!laHCTBO
DaHHOI'O HHocrpaI-IHOro rocynapcI1!<1;
5) DeJlaeT I):JOpMaJlhHoe J.aHfi!leH(1e n01DKHOCl1-lOMy mwy IDIJlJ\OM8rM-
lIecKoro 1111(1 KOHCYJ1bCKOro Y'lpe)l(!leHl1.11 CUlA 06 OTKa3e OT rpaAUJaH-
CTBa B ycmHOBlleHHOj.j rocceKpeTapeM Me;
6) nO.a.aer B CiliA OI]>I1UMWlhHO n}]ChMeHHoe 3!HllIJ1eH(1e 06 OTKaJe
OT rpa.JKJIaHCTBa Ha3Ha'IeHHOMY reHepaJIbHhlM mTOpHeeM DOffiKHOCTHO-
MY JlI1UY B ycmHOB11eHHoi1 i)x>pMe;
7) COBepI.J.DeT J1I060fi BItIl It3MeHbl. npeilllpHHIIII..-rr nOflbITJ<y H<lCl1J1h-
CTBeHHblM nyTeM CBepfHyJb npamrre1lbC1BO CoenHHeHHLIX WmTOB 11J1}]
I-IaXOIlIIlOI B CQCTase BOOp)l)KeHHblX CIIJ], AeJic'nI}'IOllIH'< np::mm CUlAI.
B COOTBeTCTBI1I1 C f!JellepaJlbHhlM 3aKOHOM ABcT))t11t 0 rpa.JKJIaHCTBe
1965 r. J1ItUO MOJKeT yrpaTHTb rpIDKffiIHCTBO ABCTpltl1l1C'IeJlCTlllle.
a) npl106peTeHI1.11 }]HOCT))aHHoro rpa)!()1aHcrna.;
6) nOC1)'nneHHIJ Ha BOeHHYIO CJ1)I)K6y B I1HOC'ij)aHHOM rocynapCTse;
s)nmlleHI1Hrpa.JKJ1aHCfBa;
r) OJKa3a OT rpIDKffilHCTBa.
] 0:>ffiIm1lfiU! WTIlTbi AMPIIKII: I<m-tcnn)uHn It lbllble aKTbI. M. 1993.
C.J41-J48.
150

B HTMI1I1 yrpa'JI1BaeT rpalKlli\HCTBO J1I1UO
I) no CBOeH BQlle nOJl)"II1BWee I1HOC1'paHHoe IpIDKllaHCTBO 11 nepe-
CJlJllOl1IeeCJI 11J111 nepecenl1lJwettJl 3a rpaHI1UY;
2) nQII)"JI1BWee nOMI1MO CBOetl BOJlI1 I1HOCTpaHHoe rpIDK1laHCTBO,
3aJlBI1BWee 06 onane OT I1TMbHHCKOro [JXLK!I:lliCTBa 11 nepeCeJlHlOllleC-
CJl3alpaHI1UY;
3) npl1HHTOe Ha CJI)')K6y I1HOClpaHHb1M npamrreJlbCTBOM I1J1I1 nOCTy-
nl1BWee Ha BOeHHYIO CJ1y.>!(6y I1HO<..'1f0Hl-IOIi nep)!(aBbI 11 He OCTaBI1BWee
ee, HeCMOTpH Ha npe1IYnpe)l(J1eHl1e IITMb5IHCKOro npamrre'lbL"'TB<l. B Te-
'JCHl1e YCTIlHOBJICHHOro cpoKa.
B Bb1we)'KID3HHb!X CII)"lID!'I: yrpaTa rpaJKJ1aHCTBa He OCBo6oJKJIaeT
JlI1UO OT BOI1HCKOM 06H3aHHocTI1, eCJ1Jt TaKoe ocB060)l(J1eHl1e He npeny-
CMOTpeHO crreumUlbHb1M 3aKOHOM.
Hal16cmee rnnWlHb1MI1 OCHOBaHI1S1MI1 yrpaTb!  B TOM
'J11CJ1e 3a1<peJU1CHH)'IMI1 B JaKOHaX 0  rocYillIpcTB - )"JaCTHI1-
KOB CHr, SlRI1HIOTCH:
a) l!ocm.VtWi!HUf' HO 60eHHYlO UAU UHYIO i!OC)IiJofXmeetiHYIO CflV,)lQ:)y tJpy-
UR() CVCJVapcmtJO 6e3 6eOO"fO !lAU JXl3Pf!IlIeHUR C60ew CfJCydapaT16tl. J].aH-
Hoe OCHOBaHl1e yrpaTb! rpaA;.lIaHCTBa JHa'JI1TCSI B 3aKOI-I1.'I( 0 lp[l)((!laHCT-
Be AJepOOlllJ)KaHa (CT. 20), 6e.'Iapycl1 (CT. 20), rpy3HI1 (CT. 32), Ka.Jax-
CTaHa (CT. 21), Kl1prl1Jl111 (CT 25), MOJUlOBb! (Cq:,opMy.'IHpOlJaHH0e KaK
JlHWeHl1e rpIDKilllHCTBa B CT. 24). YKPal1Hb1 (CT. 19), TaIDKHKI1CTIlHa
(CT. 20). TYPKMeHI1CTaHa (CT. 22). YJ6eKHCTIlHa (CT 21).
B n. 5 CT. 19 3aKOHa 0 rpaAQJ.aI-ICTBl' YKPal1Hb1 OT 2001 r. roBopm-
CH. 'ITO rpIDKilllHCTBO YKPal1HM yrpa'II1BaeTCH. eCJ111 lpaxnaHHH YKpaH-
Hbl 6e3 cornactJS! rocynapcTReHHblX opraHOB YKPal1Hbl no6poBOJ1)'HO
nocrymtJI Ha BoeHHYIO CJJyJK6y. Hri pa60ry B CJI)')K6y 6eJOrmCHOCTH.
npaRooxpaHltTe,'IbHble OpraHbl, opraH),1 IOCTI1U11tJ I{Jllt opraHb1 rocynap-
CTBeHHOM MaCTI1 I1J1I1 MeCTHoro caMoyrrpaBJIeHI1H npyroro rocynapcTBa
HanwJlte nOllo6Horo OCHOBaHI1H BblTeKaeT It] nOHHMaHI1H IpIDKJI.aH-
CTBa KaK HapyweHI1H Bepl10CTI1 rocynajXTBY EBporreticlGUI KOHBeHUlHI
o rp:l)K..!1aHCTBl' Jal<pellillJeT BOJMOXHOCTb yrpaTb1 lpa)l(J1aHCTBa TOJ1),KO
B CJI)"1ae noOpoBOJ1bHoro nOC1)'lL'IeHItH Jll1ua Ha BOeHH}'IO CJly"'6y B I1HO-
CTpaHHOM rocynapcTBe. HO. no o5weMY npaBI1J1Y, eCJlI1 J1ItUO nplt 3TOM
He CTaHOBI1TCH an.npllOOM
B 3arranHoH EBpone YKaJaHHoe OCHOBaHl1e npeKpaweHItH rpaJKJ1aH-
CTBa B TOM HJ111 I1HOM Bltlle HI1J1OCb B ABCTj:jtl1, rpewtl1, Hcna-
HI1I{, HTaJlI1I1. «J>HHJ1.\!H1U1I1, (])paHUI1It. npl1 3TOM 3aKDHOJlaTeJlbHO Ja-
l<pen!meTC$!, 'JTO .nlmo MO>KeT 6bITb 1IHweHO rpaAU18IiCTBa. XOT.\! 3TO He
03Ha'JaeT 06HJaTe:J),HOCTb J1tJweHI1J1 lpa.JK.aaHCTBa B K[l)((!lOM KOHl<peT-
HOMCJ1)"1ae
CamacHo n. 5 'J. I CT. 19 3aKoHa «0 IpIDKilllHCTBe YI<paI1Hb!» (B pen.
OT 18 S!HRaPH 2001 r.) }1CpaItHCKoe rp.DK1laHCTRO yrpa'JlffiaeTCH, eCJIH
I]XDKJIaHitH YKPaHHb1 6e3 cornacltJJ rocynapcTBeHHb1X opraHOB YKpaI1-
Hbl no6poBOJIbHO nOCTyrrHJI Ha BoeHliYIO CJI}'JK5y, Ha pa60ry B CJ1}I)K5y
6eJOrracHOCTH. rrpaBOOxpaHmeJ1bHb1e OpraHb!, OpraHb! IOCTHUHI1 HJ111
opraH),! rocy.napcTBeliHoj:j MaCTH 111150 opraHb! MeCTHoro Co:1MO}<npaB-
151

JleHI1f1 npyroro roc}'napCrBa. OllHaKO COOTBeTCTByIOwee n0J10)l(eHI1e 06
yJp!lTt rpIDKll!lHCTIID He npI1MeH.lleTCH. ecnl1 BCJ\ellCTBl1e :flUro rpIDKD.a-
HI1H YKpaHHbl craHer 11I1UOM 6e3 rproKLJ.aHC'IBa.
B 11I1Tep!lrype HeT elll1HOH n0311UMI1 B TOM. HMO 11M 11MWaTb rpIDK-
DaHCTBa J1HUO. KOTopoe nocryni1.110 I-Ja rocy.napcTBeHH}'1O CJJy>J<.6y B .opy-
roM rocyn.apcTBe.
KOHTpapryMeHTbl 3.1leCb CJ1ellYIOWi1e.
1. C"IYA\6a rpIDK![aHMHH B rocynapcTBeHHblx opraHax HHOCTpaHHOro
rocynapcTBa NQJt;eT npencr.lBJlJlTb onacHOCTb TOJIbKO Torlla. Kor.n.a :ITM
rocynapcTBa Ha."«)llSIlCfI He B npy:>KeCKI1X OTHOWeHIrnX
2. CerollHH }')Ke HMeeTCH npaKTI1Ka, Koma rpIDK![aHe EBponewcKoro
CoI03a HMelOT npaBO llocrynH K roCYllapCTBeHHOH cJI}'JK6e B CTpaHaX,
flBIIHIOllU1XCH '1JleHaMM E3C, HapaBHe C rpaAUI.aHaMM 3TI1X rocynapcrn.
3. Cn)')KOO B opraHax rocYlIDpcmeHHoH BllaCTI1 - MClULJHMK MaTC-
pl1arJbHOro cyweCTBOBaHI1H 'Ie!lOBeKa.
4. Ha rOCYlIDpcrBCHHoh CJIy)KOC MOryr HaXQIIJI1bCJI M J1Mua, lleHTCJ1b-
HOCTb KOTOpbIX He CBHJaHa C peweHMeM rocynapCTBeHHblX BOnpocoB.
5. HarJl1'!He TaKOn HOpMbl B JaKOHanarelJbCTBe cyIl1eC1BeHHO orpa-
HI1'JHBaeT B01MOJKHOCT11 Tpynoy(,.--rpoI1CTW CBOI1X rpa>KIWH. npOJKJ1B!Uo-
WI1X 3a rpaHMuew. 'JlU B ycnoBltJIx 3KOHOMI1'IeCKOfO Kpl13HCa B CTpa-
Hax CHf OTpl1uaTeJ1bHO B11I1HeT HH 6.rmrocoCToHHMe rpd)I(.!IW{ 3THX
CTpaH. HarJl1'.me TaKOIi npaBOBOit HOPMbl HOCHT cKopee I1CTOpHKO-
Tpanl1UI10HHblH xapaKTep. ..eM 06YCJ10B11HBaeTCH 1]JC60BaHWlMM coape-
MeHHoro nepi10J1a pa3BI1THSI COUi1YMa l ;
6) HapJlweHue C{JOIW6 nocmt1l106KU HQ KVfICJ'..JbCIWiI Y'lem 3Q i'fXJI/uu,cu
(KaK npHBI1J10, OT DBYX DO nHTi1 neT). 310 OCHOBaHl1e yrpaTbI I]XUKllHH-
CTBa 3aKpenneHO B 3aKOHaX 0 rpIDK.II8HCI'1I A3ep5aki:DKaHa (CT. 20).
fPY3HM (CT. 32). KHPfH3MI1 (CT. 25). TaD)KHKlIl.'TiJ.HH (CT 20), Y35eKM-
eraHH (CT. 21), YKpaHHbl (CT. 21)
JaKOH"O IpffiK1I.aHCTBe YKjJaHHbl» B IX'JWCUIIM OT 16 alJpeJ1H 1997 r.
3aKpenJ1W1 B031110}J<HOCTb yrpaTbl JlHUOM rpIDK![aHCrna, eCJ111 OHO, Haxo-
lli1Cb 3a npe.neIJ'INlM YKpaMHbI, He CTaJlO 6e3 )'BIDKtneJjbHb!X npM'.JHH Ha
KOHCYJlbCKMj;! )"JeT B Te4eHHe 7 neT. YHIDKlITeJlbHblMM npI14MH3MI1 C4M-
TIUlHCb: OTCyrCTBMe nI11JJ10MaTI1<JeCKMX npellCTaBllTe!lbCTB MilM KOHC)'!Jb-
CKHX yLJpe>KlleHI1W YKPmtHbl B ClJXIHe IJOCTOHHHOro npoJKJ1BaHWI, llJ1M-
TeJ1bHaH 6orre3Hb, BOeHHbre neHcrnltsl H .opyme anyaLlltM <JpeJBbI<IaWHO-
roxapmcrcpa (n. 4 CT. 20).
nOll06Hoe OCHOBaHMe yrpaTbI rpIDK![aHCTBa B JHKOHOilllTe.%Cll!e
.opyrl1X crpaH ocrpe'JaeTCH kpilIiHe pellKO, XOTH KOHBeHUMH 0 coKpawe-
HI1I1 6e][]XlJKD.aHC1l!3 OT 30 3nf)'CTa 1961 r. llonycl<HeT yrp(1)' rpaJKII.HH-
CTBa no llaHHoM)' OCHOBaHI1JO: ..H:nypan11301k1BWeecH J1MUO MO)l(eT yr-
pantTb CBOe rpaJK1J.!IHCTBO B peJynbTaTC IlpOJKJtBaHItH 3a lpaHMuei1 B Te-
lI.eHi1e nepHona npOllOJlA(lfTeIJbHOCTbJO He MeHee ceMM HenpepblBHblX
1 TodoiKOIO.H rp1)l:.1l3HC1DOYKpaHlJhI:t::OHC1HT)UI10HlJhllJ.aCneKT.C.123
152

JIeT, KaK 3TO onpeneJ1S1eTCSI 3aKOHOM COOTBel'CT8VlOWero LIoroBapItl>a1O-
WerOCH fOCYillIpcTBa, BCJ1enCTBHe ynyweHI1S1 11M 3aSIBlfTb COOmtTCT-
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