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nOA peAaKI.4He
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j.13AATEnbCTBO "XHMHfI"
1975
6II7.54
M 38
Y.l{K 678.05 : 678.063
M 38 MamBIIbI B annapaTbI peSBHOBoro npoBSBOACTBa.
nOA peA. ,IJ;. M. BapcKOBa. M., «XHMDJI», 1975.
600 c., 42 Ta6J1., 337 pBC., CDBCOK JlBTepaTYpY 182 CCLL1lKll.
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1.2. 06oPYAoBaBBe CKJl8AOB Tap-
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1.3. 06oPYAoBaBBe CKJl8Aa mBA-
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1.4. MamBBY B aOOapaTY AJIR
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2.5. tJepBR'lBYe MamBBLI xonOA-
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125
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150
151
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186
189
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191
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196
198
200
201
201
204
205
211
214
215
218
220
222
222
224
228
229
233
235
247
253
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9.5. ArperaTY AJiR aaKpOR B OT-
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KOPAa .... 275
9.6. ArperaTY P;JlJI HaJlOmeBBR
pesBBoBhlx DpOCJIOeK Ba
MOB TeKCTBJlbHOrO KOPAa. 276
9.7. YCTaBoBKB AJIR B3rOTOBJle-
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9.8. 060pYAOBaBBe, DpBMeHR-
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9.9. 060PYAOB8BBe AJIR BsrOTO-
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9.9.1. BpaCJIeTIIYe CTaBKB 283
9.9.2. BCDOMOraTeJlbBoe 060-
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9.9.4. CTaBKB P;JlR BSrOTOBJle-
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9.10. 060PYAOB8BBe AJiR Bsro-
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9.10.1. 060PYAOB8BBe AJiR 88-
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9.10.2. CT8BKB AJlJI BSrOTOBJIe-
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10.3. CTaBKB AJiR c60PKB ABaro-
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10.4.2. CTaBKB AJiR C60PKB
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512
514
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515
519
520
531
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547
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570
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579
580
582
584
585
587
590
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Be Tpe6YIO eM AODOJIBBTeJIbBOi 06pa60TKB. OABaKO AJIJI pJlAa peSBHOBbIX Clolecen
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Ba aaBOAax (Ba CKJIaAe CbIpbJl BJIB B nOArOTOBBTeJIbBOM exe) DpeAycMaTpu-
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palorbI, Ba KOTOpoi C YKJIOBOM 0,03° 1\ ropB30BTY CMOBTBpOBaH 6apa6aB ABaMeTpOlor
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DpOBSBOABTeJIbBOCTb CeJlJIKB COCTaBJIJleT OT 80 AO 250 Kr/'I. '
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4355
1282
2170
0,70
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CKOJIbKO KyCKOB. CJIeAOBaTeJIbBO, DOArOTOBKa Ra yKa Ba 60JIbmDBCTBe 3aBOAOB
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14
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Ka yRa, B pesYJIbTaTe KOTOpbIX 6wJI coaAaH MeTOA pacnapKD KayqyKa TOKaMB
BbICOKOD 'IaCTOTbI (TBq).
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BarpeBaeTCJI B peSYJIbTaTe B03AeicTBBJI aJIeKTpB'leCKOrO DOJIH BbICOKOi 'IaCTOTbI,
DpH'IeM DporpeB KBIILI DpOBCXOAIIT DO Bcei Macce OABOBpeMeBBO, 'ITO SBa'lBTeJIbBO
YCKOpJleT npo ecc AeKpBCTaJIJIB3a BB.
¥ CTaBOBKa AJIJI HarpeBaBHJI BaTypaJIbBOrO Ka yKa TOKaMB BbICOKOD t.laCTOTbI
(<}>Bp)'!bI «BeKKep nepKDBC») DMeeTCJI Ha ,IJ;BenpoDeTpOBCKOM mBBBOM 3aBOAe ('Iac-
TOTS 75 Mr , BaDpJlmeHBe 10 KB). OHa BbIDOJIBeBa B BRAe ABYX DJlT ellBb1X
TpaHCDopTepOB 3 (pBC. 1.4), npBBOAH DXCJI B ABBmeHBe DBeBMaTH'leCKDMD DJIDB-
.o;paMH. TpaHcnopTepbI COBepmaIOT DyJIbCBpyIO ee ABBmeBDe C BBTepB8JIOM B 3 MHB.
Hap; KamAbIM TpaHCDopTepOM paCDOJIOmeBO DO AeBJlTb BLlCOKO'laCTOTHblX HarpeBa-
Te.'IbHbIX KaMep 4. RBDa Kay"<lyKa DOAaeTCJI Ba DBTaIO lIe DpDBOABNe pOJIbraBrB
1, KOTopMe 'Iepes Ka1RAbIe 3 MBB BbIAaIOT DO OABOD KUDe Ba Kam,tJ;bIi DS eDBbIX
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TpaHcnopTepaMD. HBna KaY'lYKa DOAaeTCJI eDBLIM TpaBCDopTepOM 3 (CM. pBc.1.4)
Ha OADH mar B YCTaHaBJIDBaeTCJI nOA H8rpeBaTeJIbBOD R8.MepOD 4, RYAa OBa DOA-
HDMaeTCJI CTepmBeBbIM DBeBMODOA'beMBHKOM. B KaMepe KBDa DpDmBMaeTCJI K DJIa-
BaIO HM 3JIeKTpOAaM, C03AaIO DM aJIeKTp1I'leCKOe DOJIe BbICOKOi 'IaCTOTbI. qepes
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.o;eBJlTOD KaMepbI KDDa nOCTyDaeT Ha YCTpoic'fBO 5 (CM. pBC. 1.4) C BfOJIb'laTbIM
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BaeTCR, 'ITO KBna paBorpeTS AOCTaTO'IBO, OHa DOAaeTCJI Ba OT60pO'lBbIe pOJIbraBrD
(j II BaTeM CHllMaeTCJI C YCTaHOBKB. B CJI ae He06xOABMOCTB KHDa DOCTYDaeT Ba
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B CCCP paspa60TaHa yCTaBoBKa TBq BeDpepbIBHoro AeicTBBJI (pBC. 1.7),
npeAHaSHa'leBBaJl AJIJI BarpeBaBBJI KDD Ka YKa AJIHBOi 600-750 MM, mDpHHOD:
500-600 MM B BbICOTOD 200-500 MM. Y CTaBOBKa COCTOIIT B3 DJIaCTImtJaToro
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ARTCJI 30 MBH, DOCJIe qero DPB DOMODQ! KaBTOBaJIbBOrO MexaBB3Ma 5 OBa DOBO-
pa'lDBaeTCJI Ha 180 0 AJIJI JI mero DporpeBa B DOCTYDaeT B DOJIe BbICOKOi 'Ia-
CTOTbI BToporo reBepaTopa, rAe BJ.IAepmBBaeTCJI e e 30 MBB. 3aTeM KBDa BbIBO-
ARTCJI BS KaMepbI B DOCJIe DpOBepKB DporpeBa ROBTpOJIbHbIM MexaUIISMOM 2 DOD8-
AaeT Ba c6pacbIB8IO ee YCTpoicTBO 1. npOBSBoABTeJIbBOCTb yCTaHoBKB 1200 Kr!q.
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pa3JIH'lBOrO DOrJIO eHBJI TeDJIOTbI aMop<}>HbIMB B KpBCTaJIJIH'leCKDMB aCTKaMB,
a TaKme B3-sa HeOABHaKOBoro paCDpeAeJIeBBJI BJIarB B KDne) , BbICOKO'laCToTHbIii:
CDoc06 AeKpBCTaJIJIBSa BB BaTypaJIbHOrO Ka YKa 60JIee npOB3BOABTeJIeB B aKO-
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KpBCTaJIJIJI3a BOBBbIX yCTaBoBOK B 3Bat.lBTeJIbBOi CTeneBB 3aBBCDT OT <}>oPMW
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fam.oTBBB:bIe Boam. 8TH BomD paC eDJIJlIOT KBDLI DO HeCTY CJIBDaHBJI JIBCTOB
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paBBO 500-700 KH. MO BOCTb aJIeKTpOABBraTeJUI C MeXaHJI1IeCKBM DpBBOAOM
COCTaBJIJleT 15-30 KBT.
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mBpOKO DpBMeBJlIOTCJI B DpOMbImJIeBBOCTB. 8TO 06'bJlCBJleTCJI TeM, 'ITO BMD MomBO
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Pac. 1.9. rOpHSOBTaJIbBLIii AeCRTHJIyqeBoii Bom Hr-2
e rBApaBJIB1JeCKHM DpBBOAOM:
1 - TpaBepCa; 2 - ronOBKa C HO;f;aMII; 3 - HO;f;II; 4 - Ha-
DP88MIOJque; S - TOJlKaTeJJb; 6 - Dn}'H1Kep; 1 - peaep-
Byap .nll MaMa; 8 - 8MeeBBI\; 9 - DpeAOXpaBHTeJJbBBJI
nBep a; 10 - eneKTPO.Blin'aTenb; 11 - rllJlPouacoc; 12-
DOABOA ODlaJl(Jl;aJI)Jqe8 BO ; 13 - CJJBB MaMa.
5 8-6
H.n:-500
llPOUSBO,!UITeJIbHOCTh, T/1J
npll MeXaHH1JeCKOii notJ;a'le oplII\eTOB
npu PY'IHOD: nOAa'le 6pIfKeTOB . . .
,1J;uaMeTp AIICKOJlblX BOmeD:, MM . . . .
PaCCTORBHe Me/RAY HomaMH, MM . .
qacTOTa Bpam;eRUR AUCKOBoro Homa, 06/MDB
PaaMep sarpyaO'lHOrO OIma, 1M
umpuRa . . . . . . .
BblCOTa .......
3JIeKTpOABUraTeJIL npllBOAa
TOO . . . . . . .
MOm;HOCTb, KBT . .
'1aCTOTa Bpam;eBHR, o6/MnH
Tun peAYKTopa ,...
ra6apHTRble paSMepy, MM
AJIBBa .
mHpBBa
BYCOTa
Macca, T
35
14.5
750
150
4.05
1100
250
A02-61-4
13
1460
l\.l{H-50-1-50
2300
1820
1535
3,89
1
500
10
AO-42-4
2,8
1420
PH-25Q-ll
3320
1450
1500
1,3
Hom 548-6 I<OMDJIeKTyeTCJI 3arpY30'lHbIM D OT60pO'lBhIM TpaBCDopTepaMD.
npDH DD pa60TbI HmKa H,IJ;-500 3aKJIIO'IaeTCJI B CJIeAYIO eM. no pB<}>JIeBhIM BaJIKaM
23
DDTaIO
ero pOJIbraBra Ka
YK DOAaeTCJI K pem
eMY YCTpOiCTBY, KOTOpOe co-
CTODT BS ADCKOBOrO DOma 11 BaJIDKa. OTpe3aHHbIe KYCKB Ka
yKa no DpDeMHOMY
pOJIbraary DOCTYDaIOT Ha CTOJI. npDBO,ll; Homa BKJIIO'IaeT B ce6J1 3JIeKTpO)l.BBraTeJIb
B peAYKTOp.
J
r-
1
"')
<\)
'"
a
6
PBC. 1.10. 1J:8TYpe
CKOBLIii Bom 548-6:
a - BIIJI C
KY; 6 - BH.II cuep8AH; 1 - paMa; 2 - DOMOH; 3 - pul!meHIoIA DO.llaJODUdt BMHII; 4, 6 _
ponbrauru; 6 - .uCKoBloIe BOIKU; '1 - IIOIKYX; 8 - P8AyJ<TOP; 9 - eneKTpon:BuraTenb; 10 - KOIKyX
KnBBOpeareHBoA Dep8J{a'IU; 11 - Ban n:UCKOBIoIX BOIKeJt. .
,IJ;lIcKoBbIe BomD DpeACTaBJIJlIOT ODaCHOCTb AJIJI pa60TaIO
ero, n03TOMY AJIJI
DpeAoxpaBeDDH pa60'lero OT TpaBM Ka
YK DOABOADTCJI K )l.DCKy Homa C DOMO
bIO
CDe
aJIbBOi KapeTKII.
24
HSHeJlh'lllTeJIII KYCKOBhlX D JIHCTOBhlX M8TepH8JIOB. Cy ecTByeT pJlA BLIDYCKae-
MbIX 3a py6emoM MamDH, Ha KOTOpbIX KPYDHbIe KYCK:n Ka YKa DJID JIDCTbI pe3BHO-
Boii CMeCD pa3peSaIOTCJI Ha MeJIKD8 KyCO'lKB (TDDa rpaHYJI). TaK, <}>BpMa «MUTC
3HJJ; MeppDJI» (CillA) BbIUYCKaeT CDe DaJIbHbIi D3MeJIb'lUTeJIb (pBC. 1.11) JJ;BeHaA-
aTD TDDopa3MepOB, DpeAHa3Ha'leHHbIH AJIJI pe3KD BaTypaJIbHOrO D CDBTeTD'leCKOrO
KaY'lyKoB, C DpDBOAOM, SJIeKTpOJJ;BDraTeJIb KOToporo DMeeT MO HOCTb OT 18 AO
350 KBT, C 3arpY3Koii: C60KY BJID cBepxy D BbIrpY3Koi C60KY BJID CHD3Y. Ra yK
MomeT 6bITb pa3pe3aH Ha TaR OM D3MeJIh'lDTeJIe Ha KYCOQKD pa3MepOM AO 0,8 MM.
PeiKy ee YCTpoicTBO DpeACTaBJIJleT c060i MaCCDBHbIi pOTOp 4 C TpeMJI 3aKpeDJIeH-
HbIMD (DJIaBaIO DMD) B HeM HOiKaMD 2, Bpam;aIO DicH C 'IaCTOToii 1200 06/MDH
B KopDyce 3; DOJIOmeHDe Homei peryJIDpyeTcJI BBHTaMB 6. MeJIKDe KYCO'lKD Kay-
'1yKa DPODYAPDBaIOTCJI BO D36emaHBe CJIDDaHDJI D DPOXOAJlT 'Iepe3 OTBepCTDH
Pac. 1.11. HSMem.'lBTeJlb AJiR oaTYpaJlb-
iIloro . CBBTeTJllJ8CROrO RaY1JYRoB !)apMbl
«MUTC aHA MeppuJlt:
1 - aarpY30'IBaII BopOBKa; 2 - BOIf( pOTOpa;
3 - BepDlIIR 'l8CTb KOPDYca; 4 - pOTOp; 6-
lIeDOJlBlDtlmdI BOIf(; 6 - BBBT perynapOBKB DO-
,JJOlf(eHBII 1I01f(a; '1. - BIDtIBIIR '1aCTb Kopuyca;
-8 - pemeTKa; 9 - BIoIXOA KYCKOB Ka}"l}'Ka.
'B pemeTKe 8. npOD3BOJJ;DTeJIbHOCTb MamDBbI OKOJIO 1 T/'I DPB pa3Mepe KYCO'lKOB
RaY'lyKa 19 MM, MO HOCTb 9JIeKTpoJJ;BDI'aTeJIH upDBOJJ;a 18 KBT.
npDMeHJlIOTCJI TaKme MamDHbI aHaJIOrH'lHOi KOHCTPYK DD C DDTaIO DMD POJID-
iKaMD AJIJI DOJJ;a'lD JIDCTOBOro MaTepDaJIa D pOTOpOM DpeABapDTeJIbHOrO B3MeJIb'leBBJI.
1.5. 060PYAOBAHJltE Am:j XPAHEHJltFI JIt nOArOTOBKJIt Mflr4J1tTEnE
R 060pYAoBaHDIO, DpDMeHJleMoMy AJIJI xpaHeHDJI B DOAroToBKD MaTep:naJIOB,
«)THOCJlTCJI pa3JID'IHbIe COCYAbI, cHa6meHHbIe HarpeBaTeJIbHb1MD YCTpoicTBaMB,
C60PHDKD, YCTpoiicTBa AJIJI pa30rpeBa D <}>DJIbTpa DD, HaCOCbI. C60pBHKB AJIJI
xpaHeHDJI D DepeJJ;a'lD mDAKDx MJlr'lDTeJIei K pa60'lDM MeCTaM D3rOTaBJIDBaIOTCJI
,B:3 06bI'IHbIX cTaJIei BJID - B cJI ae xpaHeHDJI B HDX KBCJIbIX DpOAyKTOB - D3
CTaJID 1X18H9T. iKDJJ;KOCTb DepeJJ;aBJIDBaeTCJI D3 c60pHBKa cmaTbIM B03AyxOM
DOJJ; JJ;aBJIeHDeM JJ;O 0,4 Mna. C60pHDK cHa6meH MaHOMeTpOM D DpeAoxpaHDTeJI'bHbIM
:KJIaDaHOM. ECJID MJlr'lDTeJIb HymJJ;aeTCJI B DOJJ;orpeBe, B C60PHBK DOMe aIOT 3Mee-
BDK B3 HepmaBeIO ei CTaJID, 060rpeBaeMbIi DapOM. iKDJJ;KDe D JIerKODJIaBKDe
:MJlr'lDTeJID, DOCTYDaIO De B 60'lKaX, DOABepraIOTCJI pa30rpeBY B CUe DaJIbHbIX
aarpeBaTeJIbHbIX KaMepax D <}>DJIbTpa DD.
1.6. 060PYAOBAHHE ARFI npJltrOTOBREHHfI CYCnEH3J1tlit,
PACTBOPOB H RATEKCHbiX CMECE
B DPOD3BoJJ;cTBe pe3DBbI DpDMeHJlIOT pa3JID'IHbIe D30JIDpYIO De cycDeH-
3DD D pacTBopbI, DpODDTO'lHbIe COCTaBbI D JIaTeKCHbIe CMeCB. B Ka'leCTBe
D30JIDPYIO DX cocTaBoB, upeJJ;oxpaHJlIO DX pe3DHoBbIe CMeCB OT CJIDDaHDJI,
DCUOJIb3yIOTCJI DOBepxHocTHo-aKTDBHbIe Be eCTBa (nAB) - HeBBOJI, aJIKDJI-cYJIb-
25
aTbI MapKD A B «nporpecc». PacTBop nAB, DpeAHaSBa'leBHLIi AJIJI ODpbICKDBaHDJI
rpaHYJIJlpOBaHHbIX cMeceH, AOJImeB cOAepmaTb DeHoraCDTeJIb B BIIAe 3MYJIbCDIf
nOJlJIIMeTBJICBJIOKC8BOBOH mDAKOCTD nM-400. PacTBop nAB C 8MYJIbCDei MomHO
DpDfOTaBJIDBaTb B CMeCDTeJIe C MemaJIKOi JII060ro TBDa.
B Ka'leCTBe npODDTO'lHLIX COCTaBOB, DpDMeBfteMbIX ;D;JIft YBeJID'IeHDJI npo'l-
HOCTB C1Ift3D TKaHei C pesDHoii, BCDOJIb3YIOT came-JIaTeKCBbIe ADCDepCDD. TaRBe
ADcDepcHB DOMBMO JIaTeKCOB D camD cOAepmaT pe30p 0<}>opMaJIbAerB;D;HYIO
CMOJIY, KOTOpaJl YJI maeT a;D;re3DIO KOPAa K peSBBe, a TaKme aBTBKOarYJIJlHT'
(aMMDaK), DOBbImaIO Di cTa6DJIbHOCTb JIaTeKCHoi CMeCB.
npD DOJIY'IeHDD cycDeH3Di DOJILSYIOTCft pa3JIH'1BNMB MeJIbHD aMD AJIft MO-
Kporo nOJrlOJIa, rJIaBHbIM 06pa30M mapOBbIMD, BD6pa OBBLIMB D I\OJIJIODABbIMH.
mapoBhle MeJI..BIIIJ,.... ,IJ;JIJI MOKporo DOMOJIa npBMeBJUOTCft MeJIbHBD,LI C BBYT-
peHHeii <}>YTepOBKoii, DMeIO De repMeTDSDpOBaBBbIR JIIOK. MeJIbHD a DpeACTa-
BJIJleT c060i 6apa6aH, B KOTOpOM HaXOAJlTCJI CTaJIbHbIe mapbI; DPD Bpa eHDB
6apa6aHa 3TH mapbI D3MeJIb'laIOT MaTepBaJI. HaD mDM 06pa30JI-I DSMeJIb'leHDe
DpODCXOABT DPB 38rpymeHBH 6apa6aHa Ba OAHY TPeTb ero 06'beMa. nOMOJI DopomKO-
06pa3HbIX npOAYKTOB ocy eCTBJIfteTCJI B DpDCyTCTBHB ABCDepraTopOB (HeKaJIei).
B MeJIbBD e 06pasyeTcJI KOH eBTpDpOBaBHaft CYCDeD, 3Dft KOTOpyIO 3aTeM pa36a-
BJlJlIOT. B 3aBDCDMOCTD OT CBoiicTB MaTepBaJIa D Be06xoABMOii CTeDeHII ero D3MeJIL-
'IeDDJI DpOAOJImllTeJIbHOCTb DOMOJIa COCTaBJIfteT 01" 6 AO 48 'I.
HeAocTaTKaMII 3TDX MeJIbHD JlBJIJlIOTCft B OCHOBHOM BX HBSKaJl npODSBOAD-
TeJIbHOCTb B OTHOCBTeJILHaft rpy60cTb DOMOJIa.
Hume DpDBeAeHbI xapaKTepDcTDKD' mapOBLIX MeJIbBH 'IeTbIpeX MapOK, 8bIDY-
CKaeMbIX CJIaBJlHCKDM KepaMH'leCKBM KOM6DHaToM:
MRm-8 MRm-12 MRm-5O lIIIOJI-l o.
Bapa6aB
'1DcnO, mT. . . . . . . . . 2 2 2 2
BapY)l(BW AHaMeTp, MM . 275 365 480 580
'1aCTOTa Bp eBHR, 06/MJlB 67.5 61,0 44,7 44,7
eM1COCTb, J1 . . . . . 8 12 50 100
3J1eKTpO,!{BDraTeJ1b npHBo):\a AO-41-6
TOn . . . . . . . . . AO-41-6 AO-32-4 AO-32-4
MOJnBOCTb, KBT 1,0 1.0 1,0 1,0
1JaCTOTa Bpa BoR, o6/MDB 930 930 1410 1410
ra6apBTBYe pasMepli, MY 1455 1471 1571
AnBBa . . . . . . . . 1455
mupHBa . . . . . . . 620 620 480 580
BYCOTa . . . . . . . . 620 620 640 640
Macca (6es MeJ1IOJnBX Ten), T 0,350 0,363 0.375 0.417
3TB mapoBbIe MeJIbDD LI DpeABaSHa'leHbI AJIJI cyxoro B loloKporo nO)fO:Ia
(c BO;D;Oi) B DOMOJIa CJIa60arpecCDBHbIX MaTepBaJIOB. npB MOKpOM DOMOJIe MOI')'"
yooTpe6JIJlTLCft JII06LIe arpeCCBBHbIe mDAKOCTH JII060ii KOH eHTpa BH, 38 DCKJIJQ-
'IeHDeM DJIaBDKOBOi B <}>oc<}>opHoi KDCJIOT, a TaKme eJIo'lei KOH eHTpa Heii: Be,
BbIme 10% .
BB6pOMMbBD "'. 061>1'1HO BD6pOMeJIbHD a COCTODT B3 6apa6aHa C MeJIIO DMH
8JIeMeHT8MD, BaJIa ADC6aJIaHCa, yopyroi ODOpbI (BaDpDMep, y MeJILHBD,LI RMO-728
ODopa BLIDOJIHeHa BS 56 KJIaDaBBhIX DpymDH ABDraTeJIft 3HJI-150) B 3JIeKTpO;D;BD-
raTeJIJI. Bapa6aH 11 APyrae 'IaCTD MamDBhI, CODpDKacaIO DeCJI C DSMeJIL'IaeMLIM
MaTepBaJIOM, OTJIDBaIOT D3 CTaJIB, cOAepma ei 14% MapraH a (TaKaJl CTaJIb OTJIII-
'IaeTcft BbICOKOi D3HOCOYCTOi1!DBOCTLIO).
BbIDycKaIOTCft BD6pOMeJIbB bI nepDOAH'leCKOrO B HeDpepbIBHoro AeicTBDJI,
Dpe;D;HaSHa'lenHLIe ;D;JIft cyxoro B MOKporo nOMOJIa rJIaBHbIM 06pa30M TPYAHO pa3-
MaJIbIBaIO DXCJI MaTepDaJIOB. H3MeJIb'leBDe B 8TDX MeJIbHD aX npOIlCXOAHT BCJIeA-
CTBDe nepeTnpaHBft MaTepDaJIa mapaMB B pe3YJIbTaTe BH6pa nH, B03BBKaIO eii
npD Bpa eHHD BaJIa ADC6aJIaHca. HHTeHCDBDOCTb AP06JIeHBJI 1\f8TepDaJIa Me-
26
,JIIO DMD <lJleMeHTaMB B BD6pOMeJIbHD aX B HeCKOJIbKO pa3 60JIbme, 'IeM B 06bI'IBbIX
mapOBbIX MeJIbHD ax. ::ho 06'bJlCHJleTCJI TeM, 'ITO B AP06JIeHBD acTByIOT He TOJIbKO
MeJIIO Be aJIeMeBTbI, HO D Tp DeCJI APyr 0 J(pyra 'IaCT MaTepBaJIa. BJIaro-
AapH aTOMy AOCTDraeTCJI BbICOKaJl CTeneHb D3MeJIb'leHDJI MaTepDaJIa (AO 10-20 MIQ()
DPD DpOAOJImDTeJIbHOCTD KJIa Bcero 1-8 'I. HDme npDBeAeBa TeXHHt.leCRaR
xapaKTepDCTUKa BB6poMeJIbHD , BLlDycKaeMbIX B CCCP:
061.eM KopDyca, JI . . . . . . . . .
qacToTa KOJle6aBHD:, Moa- 1 . . . . .
AMnJlBTy a KOJIe6aRBii, MY . . . . . .
.l{uc6aJlaBCOBYD: MOMeBT Bu6paropa, H. M
OXJJa eBue BB6paropa ......
.l{oaMeTp MeJIJOm;HX TaJi AJ]:R MOKporo
DOMOJla, MY . . . . .
aJleKTpO lU'aTeJlb npBBOAa
TOn . . . . . . . . .
MOm;BOCTb, KBT . .
qacroTa Bp eBOR, 06/MRB
ra6apUTBye paSMepy, MY
AJIUBa . . . . . . . . .
mupnBa . . . . . . . .
BYCOTa ........
Macca (6es MeJIJOm;UX TaJl), T
00-128 HMo-700
200 400
1500 1000
3 4
14-17,5 3Oz6
BO JlBOe
10-18 25-30
.A02-61-4 A02-71-6
14 17
1450 970
1980 2135
980 895
1360 1800
0.700 1,855
KomrOBABye MM"BB hI. Ha 3aBoJ(ax pe3DHoBoii DpOMLImJIeHHOCTH KOJIJIODABhIe
MeJIbH LI npDMeHJlIOTCJI peme APyrDx D3-3a BX cpaBHDTeJIbBO BLiCOROii CTODMOCTU.
t:h06bI DOJI DTb cTa6BJIbHyIO HepaCCJIaDBaIO yIOcR cycDeB3DIO, MaTepDaJI npD-
XOADTCH DpoDycKaTb 'Iepe3 KOJIJIODAUYIO MeJIbH y BeCKOJIbRO pa3 DJID YCTaBa-
SJIDBaTh BeCKOJIbKO MeJIbHB . HDme DpBBOADTCJI xapaKTepDCTBRa KOJIJIOBABhIX
MeJIbB , DpDMeHHeMltlX Ha mDHHbIX 3aBoAax AJIJI DOJI eHDH cameBoi cycneB8HB:
IT pOIlSBOAHTeJIbBOCTb
DO CYCDeB3HH, JI/'1 ........
B DepeCqeTe Ba CYXOH OCTaTOK, KE/q
3J1eKTpOABlU'aTeJIb DpHBo a
MO OCTb, KBT .....
qaCTOTa Bpam;eBHII, 06/MOB
ra6apHTBye paSMepY, MY
AJ]:OBa .
mopHBa .
BYCOTa
. . . .
50-100
3-4
.. 7.5
. . 6000-12000
1300
835
950
Ro eHTpHpOBaHHbIe cycDeB3DD, nOJIY'laeMbIe Ha KOJIJIODABbIX MeJIbHD aX,
pa36aBJIJlIOT B BepTDKaJIbHbIX peaRTOpaX C MemaJIKaMB.
AnnapaThi C BBxpeBblM CJI0eM. 3TD anDapaTLI pa3pa60!faHLI D peKoMeHAyIOTCJI
AJIJI DBTeHcD<}>DKa DD Dpo eccoB DpDrOTOBJIeHDJI ADcDepcBii DBrpeADeHToB JIaTeKC-
HbIX cMecei, BHeCeHDJI HaDOJIHDTeJIei B JIaTeKChI B T. D. B pe3YJIbTaTe c03AaHDH
BDxpeBbIx nOTOKOB D AocTDmeHDJI 60JIbmBX CKopocTei 8Ha'lDTeJIbHO cOKpa aeTCJI
DpoJ(OJIffiBTeJIbHOCTb Dpo eccoB D3rOTOBJIeHBH ADcDepcu:ii D yJI maeTCJI DX Ka-
qeCTBO.
Y CTaBOBRB AJlJI Dplll'OTOBJIeBBJI cameBoR cycoeBsHB. TaKDe YCTaHoBKD DPD-
MeBJlIOTCJI Ha mDHHbIX 3aBoAax AJIH DpBrOTOBJIeHDJI came-JIaTeKCBhIX ABcDepcBii,
KOTOpLIMD DpoDDTbIBaIOT KOpJ(. Y CTaHOBKa COCTOBT D3 'IeTLIpeX ceK Bii, RamA8JI
D3 KOTOpbIX BKJIIO'IaeT KOJIJIODAHyIO MeJIbBD y, peaKTop C MemaJIKOi AJIH CMemeHBH
caam C BOAHbIM paCTBOpOM JIaTeKCa B peaKTop C MemaJIKOi AJIJI pa36aBJIeBHH
27
nonY'leBHoi CameBOH CYCDeH3BB AO 3aAaBHoii: KOH eHTpa D. rOTOBaH CameBaa
CYCDeH3DJI c06upaeTCJI B 6aKax, oTKy,u;a BaCOCOM ee DepeKa'lDBaIOT Ha yCTaHOBKY
AJIJI npDrOTOBneHDJI DpODBTO'lHHX COCTaBOB.
B DOCJIeAHee BpeMJI came-JIaTeKCBhIe ADcnepCDD AJIJI DponDTKD Kop,u;a 3aMeHJI-
IOTCJI 6eccameBHMD DpODUTO'lBhIMD COCTaBaMB Ha OCHOBe <}>eHOJIo<}>opMaJIbAerDAHbIX
CMOJI DJID 6e3BOAHbIMD a,u;re3DBaMB, BBOADMbIMB DpJlMO B pe3DHOBYIO CMeCb.
,l];JIJI DpBrOTOBneHDH cycneH3Bii, paCTBopOB B 9MYJIbCDi DpDMeHHIOT BepTDKanb-
Hble peaKTopbI D C60PHBKD pa3JIH'1HbIX pa3MepOB, aMaJIDpOBaHHbIe, C py6amKoi
;P;JIJI OXJIamAeHDH llJIB 060rpeBa DJID 6e3 Hee, C MemaJIKaMD DpODeJIJIepHOrO DJID
paMHoro TBDa, BbIDycKaeMHe B OCHOBHOM 3aBOAOM «l\paCHbIi OKTJl6pb» B r. «1>a-
CTOBe.
BbI60p MemaJIKD B Kam,u;OM OT,u;eJIbBOM CJI ae 3aBDCDT OT <}>D3B'IeCKDX CBOii:CTB
npo,u;YKTOB B Tpe6yeMoro BpeMeBD CMemeHBJI. OCHOBHbIM KpDTepDep,r, xapaKTepD3Y-
IO DM npOJJ;yKT, JlBJIJleTCH BH3KOCTb. BJl3KOCTb D BbI6paBBHi TDD MemaJIKD ODpe-
AeJIJlIOT rB,u;pOADBaMH'leCKDii pemDM B anDapaTe B paBHOMepHOCTb paCDpeAeJIeBBJ1
CMemDBaeMHX DPOAyKTOB APyr B APyre.
1.7. 060PYAOBAHHE Anfl nPHroToBnEHHfI KOMno3H'-'HA,
KnEEB, nACT H CMA30K
,l];JIH DOJIY'leHDH pe3DBOBI#x cMeceii mDpOKO DCDOJIb3yIOTCJI KOMD03HI\BB Ha
OCHOBe pa3JIH'lBNX MaTepDaJIOB. TIpBMeHJlIOT KOMD03 D, COCTaBJIeBBbIe D3
DopomKo06p'a3BHX B )KD,u;KDX DHrpeADeHTOB pe3DHOBbIX cMecei (HaDpBMep, YCKO-
pneJILBhIe KOMD03D DB), D KOMDOSII , DpBrOTOBJIeBBHe TOJIbKO D3 mDAKDX
npo,u;yKTOB. B pe3DHOBOM DpOB3BOACTBe DpDMeHJlIOTCJI TaKme pa3Ho06pa3HbIe KJIeD,
DaCTH B CMaSKD Ha 6eD3DBe llJID BOAHOi OCHOBe.
,l];JIJI DpBrOTOBJIeHIIJI cMecei DOJIbSyIOTCJI BepTBKaJILHbIMD peaKTopaMD C Me-
maJIKaMD, a TaKme CMeCDTeJIJlMB D KJIeeDpuroToBDTeJIbHHMH JrlamDHaMB, KOTopbIe
AeJIJlTCH Ba ropB30HTaJIbHbIe D BepTBKaJIbHhIe.
rOp030BTaIDtOl>le CMeCBTeJIB. B pe3DBOBoi DpOMbIWneHHOCTD AJIH DpDrOTORJle-
BDH rycTbIx KJIeeB (COOTHomeHDe Ra YKa B 6eHSDBa - OT 1 : 1 AO 1 : 8), DaCT B
aeKOTopbIX CMa30K mllpOKO DpmreHJlIOTCJI CMeCDTeJID CM. CMeCIITeJIb CM C pa6o-
'lei eMKOCTbIO KopbITa 400 JI DOKa3aH Ha pBC. 1.12. B COCYAe Kop06'1aTOrO Ti'lD8
pa3Me eHH ,u;Ba ropDSOHTaJIbHO pacnOJIOmeHBbIX Z-06pasHbIx pOTopa 3, Bpa a-
IO lIeCJI BaBCTpe'lY ;p;pyr ;p;pyry C pa3nB'IHOi CKOpOCTbIO, 6JIaro,u;apJl 'IeMY yJl -
maeTCH paCTBpaHBe B DepeMemBBaHDe 06pa6aT1>1BaeMHX DPOAyKTOB, a CJIeAOBa-
TenbHO, B OJJ;BOpOAHOCTb Don aeMoi CMeCD. qacToTa Bpa eHBJI DepeAHero pOTopa
paBHa 19, a 3aAHero - 35 06/MDB. POTOpbI DpBBO,u;JlTCH B ,u;BDmeHlle OT 9JIeKTpo-
,u;BBraTeJIJI 8 'Iepe3 peAYKTop 7. B 3aBDCDMOCTD OT xapaKTepa DpBrOTaBJIBBaeMOi
CMeCD B py6amKY 5 Do,u;aeTCJI BOAa AJIJI OXJIa;KAeHDJI (HaDpBMep, DPD nOJIyqeHDD
pe3DHoBoro KJIeH) BJIIt Dap AJIJI DOAorpeBa. OxnamAaIO aJl Bo,u;a DJIB KOHAeHcaT
OTBO,u;DTCJI 'Iepe3 Tpy6y 9. ,l];nH BHrpY3KD rOTOBoi CMeCB KOpbITO ODpoKDAbIBaeTCft
DPD DOMO D BIIHTOBoro ODpOKBAbIBaIO ero MexaBD3Ma 1, KOTOpbIB: DpDBOADTCJI
B ,u;BDmeHDe OT DH;P;DBDAyaJIbBOrO SJIeKTpOABBraTeJIH. ROPDYC B KpbImK8
AenaIOTCJI 113 CTaJIB X18H10T BJID 1OXCH,l];, pOTOpbI - D3 CTaJIB X18H10T,
X18H4T4JI HJlD 45JI.
CMecDTenD CM BMeIOT PJlA HeAOCTaTKOB - TPYAHOCTb MexaHDsa D B 8BTOMa-
TB3a DD DpOTeKaIO ero B HDX Dpo ecca, BeCOBepmeHCTBO BbIrpY3KD KJIeJl, pery-
JIBpOBaHDJI 'IaCTOTbI Bpa eHDJI pOTOpOB, TPYAHOCTb pa60TbI C DHepTHbIM raaOM B
T. A. noaToMY OHB CHJlTbI C DpOD3Bo,u;CTBa B 3aMeHJlIOTCJI KJIeenpBrOTOBDTeJIbHbIloID
MamDHaMB 60JIee cOBepmeHHoi KOHCTpyK BD - THDa CPR, OTBe'laIO DMD Tpe60-
BaHDJlM rOCT 16013-70. OAHaKo Ha DpaKTDKe CMeCBTenD CM Bce e e mDpOKO
DpJlMeHJlIOTCJI. noaTolory B Ta6n. 1.1 npBBOABTCJI TeXHH'leCKaJl xapaKTepDCTDK8
CMeCDTenei 060DX TDDOB.
28
1
3
Poco 1.12. rOpBSOBTaJIldIWt lliyrePOB8.IIBLIi CM8CBTeJlb eM-
KOCTblO 400 J1:
1 - BHBTOBOA ODpoKBJIlolBlUOlltRA MeXaBBaM; S - KploIwKa; 3 - Z-o(ipaa-
IIYA POTOP; 4 - KOpIolTO; 6 - py(iamKa; 6 - IIJI1f<BllII BTym<a; '1 - pe-
.!Iyt(TOP; 8 - aneKTPO.!lBlu'aTeJIb DpBBo.a cMecBTenll; 9 - TPy(ia .!1M QT-
BO.!la BO)lIol unu KOH.!IeBCaTa.
Ta6AUija 1.1. TeXBB'IeCKaR X8paBTepBCTIIB8 ropOSOBTaaJ.ShlX CII8CHTeJlei
CM-tO n/n CM-25 n/n CM-50n/O;
CMY-50 ntn
EMKOCTb KOpYTa, JI
nOJISaR . . . . 14 35 75
pa60'laR . . . 10 25 50
Pa60'lee
aBJIeRHe, Mna
B ROpliiTe . . . . 0,2 0,17 0.17
B py6aulKe . 0,7 0,7 0.7
"laCTO'1'a BpanxesBII pOTOpa, o6/MBB
lIepeARero . . . . . 42/64,2 46 42
aa,qHero . . . . . 24,7/37,8 30.7 28
Y rOJI onpOK
BaSBR Kopnyca,
rpaAYcy . . . . . . UO 110 105
{)CSOBHOB npBBo
8JIeKTpOABHraTeJIb
TBD . AOn-32-6/4 BAO-31-4 BAO-2-41-4C112
MOJIVIOCTb, KBT 1,t/1,6 2,2 4
'1aCTOTa Bpam;eHHR, o6/MBB 1000/1500 1430 1470
peAYKTOP
2,2 B r 2.2 4
Tun . . MPA-n-lOO Mn02-10CII- . 4 8,6 MP.l{-T B
nepeAaTo'IBoe '1DCJIO . 2,2 : 100 2,2 ; 48,6 4: 63
:3JIeKTpOABDraTeJIb npuBoAa
Mexa-
8HSMa oupOKBAYBaBBR
Tun . . . . . - - BAO-1t-4-C112
MOIqROCTb, KBT . . . - - 0,6
'IaCTOTa Bp
eHuR, 06/MHR . - - 1450
ra6apUTJlHe pasMepY, MM
AJIURa . . . . . 916 1200 1415
mapHRa . . . 618 100 1160
BYCOTa . . . 868 190 1130
Macca, T . . . . . . . 0,401 0.724 ,1,258
· B BaCTOIIJqee speD SWYCKaJOTCa ....e CIIeclJ'l'eJJB CPR-200. CPK-UO 'B CPR-630.
30
ClI-i-tOO U/UM Clor-200 U/UM CM- OO U/UM CM-800 U/UM CPR-800.
135 300 600 1100 1100
100 200 400 800 800
0,1 0,1 0,1 0.1 0.1
0,7 07 0,7 0,7 0,7
32 30 32 24,5 30,6/15,3
17.5 15.8 17,5 12,7 30.6/15,8
110 110 110 110 90
.
BAO-52-6 KOM-32-6 KO-22-4 KO-42-6 BAO-72-4; BAO-92-&
7,5 14,5 20 40 30 II 55
970 950 1475 980 i 1500/750
"'
:
Cne aJlbHyji .l{H-35 OH-55 PH-730-n-4 -
.20,2 30.7 46,2 40,17 -
KOM-22-6-$2 KOM-22-6-ClI2 KOM-31-6-$2 KOM-52-6 rBApaBJlOQecK8R B8COCBaa
CTaB RSI BAr-48-224
1,1 1.7 2,8 4.5 -
930 930 938 950 -
2430 3255 3765 3825 4950
1380 1330 1900 1770 2050
1960 1850 2100 2025 2050
2.145 2,522 6,140 12.263 12,310
31
CMeCBTeJID CPR BMeIOT CB3pBbIe pOTOpbI ycoBepmeBcTBoBaBBoii KOB<}>urypa-
BD, 06ecne'lBBaIO
ei BBTeBCBBBoe DepeMemBBaBBe KOMDOBeBTOB. POTOpbI Bpa
a-
IOTCJI B DOAmBnBBKax Ka'leBBJI, aam
eBBbIX OT nODaAaBHJI B BBX lofaTepB3JIa
YDJIOTBeBDJlMB Ba TeDJIOCTOiiKoro MaTepBaJIa. npeAycMoTpeBa BoaMomBOCTb aBTO-
MaTB'IeCKOrO AoaDpOBaBBJI 6eBaBBa npB DOMO
B Cne
aJIbBOrO AoaBpOBO'lBOrO
Bacoca. ROBCTPYK
DJI KpbImKB CMeCBTeJIJI DOaBOJIJleT DpOBaBOABTb MeXaBH'lecKYIO
nOAa'lY DopomKOBbIX MaTepBaJIOB. PaarpyaKa OC
eCTBJIJleTCJI 6ea onpOKBAbIBa-
BBJI pa60'leii KaMepbI DpU
DOMO
B CDe
BaJIbBOrO rDApaB-
7 JIH'leCKOrO YCTpoicTBa Dopm-
BeBOrO TBna; OBa MomeT DpO-
BSBOABTbCJI B OTKpbITyIO eM-
KOCTb BJIB 'Iepea Bacoc AJIJI
nOAa'IB KJIeJl no Tpy60npo-
BOAaM.
Y CMeCHTeJIJI BMeeTCJI yc-
TpoiicTBO AJIJI perYJIBpOBaBBJI
6 TeMDepaTYPbI B KaMepe. nOA'b-
eM KpbImKB B BaKJIOH pa60'lei
KaMepbI AJIJI 'IBCTKB B peMoBTa
5 oC
eCTBJIJlIOTCJI DPB DOMO
U
rBAPoycTPoiicTB.
B CMeCBTeJIJlX CPR MomBO
.
BeDocpeACTBeBBO nOJI
aTb
mBAKue KJIeB, B TO BpeMJI
KaK B CMeCBTeJIJlX CM npBro-.
TaBJIBBaIOT TOJIbKO rycToii
KJIeii, KOTOpbIii aaTeM BbIrpy-
maIOT B paa6aBJIJlIOT. OABaKo
CMeCBTeJIb CPR-800 (06'beM
J CMeCBTeJIbBOii KaMepLl 800 JI)
Be DpeABaaBa'leB AJIJI DPB-
rOTOBJIeBDJI KJIeJl B cpeAe
BBepTHOrO raaa, KaK STO Tpe-
eoTpo6elKBoro AeBCTBBJI AXR upu- 6YeTCJI DO rOCT 16013-70.
RpoMe Toro, OB BMeeT aBa'lB-
TeJIbHbIe ra6apBTbI.
BepTHKaJIbaWe CMecHTeJIH.
B r,Il,p BbIDYCKaIOTCJI BepTH-
KaJIbBbIe MamBHbI
eBTp06em-
Boro AeiicTBBJI AJIJI DpBrOTOB-
JIeHBJI iRDAKOrO KJIeJl (pBC. 1.13). 3TB MamDBbI BMeIOT BBmBBii CJIBB 13, MoryT
pa60TaTb 6ea AaBJIeBBJI B DOA AaBJIeBDeM, 'ITO DOaBOJIJleT DepeAaBJIBBaTb KJIeii
BBepTm.IM raaOM. ROPDYC 5 MamBRbI cBa6meB py6amKoii 6, paCC'IBTaBBoii Ba
DOAa'lY BarpeBaIO
ero Dapa BJIB OXJIamAaIO
eii BOAbI nOA AaBJIeHBeM 0,15 Mna.
nepeMemBBaIO
ee yCTpoiicTBO 12 BbIDOJIBeBO B BBAe KOByca, Bpa
aIO
erOCJI
B aaBBCBMOCTB OT TBDopaaMepa MamBHbI C paSJIB'IBOii CKOpOCTbIO ('IaCTOTa Bpame-
HBJI OT 40 AO 355 06/MBB).
npB DOMO
B Kop06KD CKopocTeii 3 MomBO yCTaBaBJIBBaTL TPB CKOpOCTB.
CHapymH KOByca 12 BaXOAJlTCJI nOAaIO
De 11 B BbITaJIKBBaIO
Be 10 BomD, KOTO-
pbIe Bpa
aIOTCJl aa C'IeT BJlaKOCTB 06pa6aTbIBaeMoro MaTepBaJIa (cBoero npBBOAa
Be BMeIOT); CKOpOCTb BX perYJIBpyeTcJI py'lBbIM JIeBTO'lBbIM TopMoaOM 7. HomB
10 B 11 O'l
aIOT BaJIDnaIO
Bii Ba KOBYC MaTepBaJI B cDoc06cTBYIOT ero DepeMemB-
BaHBIO. B CMeCBTeJIe OTCYTCTBYIOT MepTBbIe aOBbI.
10
7T
1
POCo 1.13. MallDlBa
I'OTOBJIeBJtJl KJIeR:
1 - MellTJ)oJlBHl'aTeJlb; 2 - P'YllolITlla BIIJlIO'IeHIUI M'YtjrrIoI c
eD-
JleBBII; 3 - P
YKTOP; 4 - PYKolITlla DepellnIO'IeHHII CKOPOCTeA;
S - KOPUYC pa
'1eA lIaMeploI; 6 - py6amKa; '1 - PYKolITKa neR-
TO'lBOro TOpM08a; ,- KploIIIIKa; 9 - repMOM8TP; 10 - BIoITMIIH-
B8\OlqRe B01KB; 11 - DOJJ;8IOIqRe Bomo; 12 - nepeMemHB8IOII\ee 'YC-
TPOACTBO; 13 - cnBBBoe 'YCTpOACTBO.
i2
B MamDHaX eMKOCTbIO 160, 630 B 2500 JI aa 24 'I 06pa6aTbIBaeTcJI OT 6 AO 8
sarpyaoK MaTepBaJIa.
Hllme npBBOABTCJI TeXHH'leCKaJl XapaKTepBCTJilKa KJIeeMemaJIOK eBTp06em-
Boro TUDa, BbIDycKaeMbIX B r,Il,p:
Tun MamUBY MK-25 MKY-160 MKY-630 MKY-2500
EMKOCTb, JI
o6 aJl . . 34 200 1000 2925
nOJIeSBaR . . . . . 25 160 630 2500
Mo oCTb DpBBOAa, KBT 4,4 8 22 45
tfacTOTa Bpam,eBBR CMe-
mUBalOm;ero BBCTPY-
MeHTa, o6/MBB . . . . 125; 250; 50; 80; 112 40; 56; 80 40; 56; 71
355
nOBepXBOCTb oxnaJi( e-
BHR nJIB Barpeoa, M2 0,33 1,40 4.20 6,25
ra6apHTBye paSMepy, MY 2200 2650
AJIDBa 980 1310
mBpBBa 530 850 1750 2150
BYCOTa 1030 1710 2200 2940
Macca, T 0.260 1,200 3,100 4,890
,{
S aaRa8 113
r JlABA 2
PE3HH005P A5A TbIBAtOUJ.HE LfEPBRLfHblE MAWHHbl
2.1. HA3HA4EHHE H KnACCHQJHKAl,tHfi 4EPBfl4HbiX MAWHH
B DpoBaBoAcTBe peaHBoBbIx BaAeJIBii aHa'lBTeJIbHOe MeCTO aaBBMaeT mDpB eBa-
BBe, B Dpo ecce KOToporo Ka YKY BJIB peaBBoBoii CMeCB co06 aIOTcJI Be06xoAB-
MbIe cBoiicTBa B DpBAaeTcJI aaAaBBaJl <}>opMa DyTeM DpOAaBJIBBaBBJI 06pa6aTbIBae-
Moro MaTepBaJIa 'Iepea oTBepcTBe ODpeAeJIeBBOii KOB<}>Brypa B. 3TDM cDoco60M
DOJI aIOT DOJIy<}>a6pBKaTbI B BaAeJIBJI paaJIB'lBOrO DPO<}>BJIJI.
npo ecc mDpB eBaBBJI oC eCTBJIJleTCJI B 'IepBJI'Im.IX MamDBax, COCTOJl X
B8 JIDBApa, B KOTOpOM Bpam;aeTCJI 'IepBJlK, BbIAaBJIBBaIO Bii CMeCI> 'Iepea DpO-
<}>BJII>BOe oTBepcTBe rOJIOBKB (MYBAmTYKa). qepBJI'IHbIe MamDHLI JlBJIJlIOTCJI MamB-
BaMB BeDpepbIBBoro AeiicTBBJI. OHB mnpoKo DpBMeBJlIOTCJI BO Bcex OTpaCJIJlX peaB-
BOBOii npOMbImJIeBBOCTB AJIJI DJIaCTBKa BB Ka yKoB, DpoBaBoAcTBa sarOTOBOK
DpoTeKTopoB;s KaMep B 060ABbIx JIeBT, AJIJI 06peaDBBBaBDJI DpOBOJIOKB, BarOTOBJIe-
DJI Be<}>opMoBbIX BaAeJIBii mnpoKoii BOMeBKJIaTYpbI - TPy60K, mHypoB, uJIacTDB.
pyKaBBbIx BaAeJIBi B T. D. qepBJI1IBbIe MamBHbI MorYT pa60TaTI> OTAeJIbBO B B arpe-
raTax C APyrBMB MamBBaMB, 06paaYJl DOTO'lBbIe JIBBBH. KpOMe Toro, 'IepBJI'IBNe
MamBBbI C YCDexoM BCDOJIbayIOTcJI AJIJI <}>BJIbTpa B - O'lBCTKH peaDBoBbIx cMecei
B pereBepaTa OT BHOpOABbIX TBepAbIx BKJIIO'IeBBii, sarpJlaBJlIO BX STH MaTepBaJIbI.
B DOCJIeABBe rOAbI 'IepBJI1IBbIe MamBHbI CTaJIB BCDOJIbaOBaTbCJI TaKme AJIJI rpaBY-
JIJI BB Ka yKOB B peaBBOBbIx cMecei, AeByJIKaBBaa peaBBbI B DpBrOTOBJIeBBJI
peSBHOBhIX cMeceii BeDpepbIBBbIM cDoc060lor. B KOM6BBa B C BaJIKOBOi rOJIOBKOi
'IepBJI1IBNe MamBBbI DpBMeBJlIOTCJI AJIJI JIBCTOBaBBJI B DpO<}>BJIBpOBaBBJI pe-
SDBbI .
OC06bIii DBTepec DpeACTaBJIJlIOT TaR BaabIBaeMbIe 'IepBJI'IBbIe MamBBbI XO-
JIOABOrO nBTaBBJI, KOTopbIe DOaBOJIJlIOT DOJIBOCTbIO BCKJIIO'IBTb Be06xOAUMOCTb
DOAorpeBaTeJIbHbIX BaJIb OB. npBMeHeBBe TaKBX MamDH DepCDeKTBBBO B DpO-
DaBOACTBe aBTOM06BJIbm.IX mDH, peaBBOBbIX TeXBH'IeCKBX BaAeJIBii, peaDBOBoii
06YOB B T. n.
TaKBM 06paaOM, 'IepBJI1IHbIe MamBBLI JlBJIJlIOTCJI YBBBepCaJIbBbIMB, BbICOKO-
s<}><}>eKTBBBbIMB B BCDOJIbayIOTCJI Ba paaJIB'lBbIX aCTKax peSDBOBoro DpOBaBO -
CTBa. B HaCTOJl ee BpeMJI MOm;BbIe 'IepBJI'IBbIe MamBBbI CTaBOBJlTCJI OABUM Da OCBOB-
m.IX BHAOB 060PYAOBaBDJI peaBBOBoi DpOMbImJIeBBOCTB.
qepBJI'IBbIe MamBBbI OTJIB'IaIOTCJI APyr OT APyra DO KOBCTpyK BB D BaaHa-
'IeBBIO.
OCHOBBbIMB DapaMeTpaMH, xapaKTepBayIO BMB KOBCTpyK BIO 'IepBJI'IBOii
MamDBbI, JlBJIJlIOTCJI ABaMeTp 'IepBJlKa, OTBomeBBe pa60'lei AJIDBbI 'IepBJlKa K ero
AHaMeTpy, CTeDeBb CmaTBJI Depepa6aTbIBaeMoro MaTepBaJIa (OTBomeBHe MemBBT-
KOBoro 06'beMa O)J;Boro mara B aOBe aarpyaKB K COOTBeTCTByIO eMy 06'beMY B KOH e
'IepBJlKa) B 'IaCTOTa Bpa eBHJI 'IepBJlKa (06/MDB). KpOMe Toro, 'IepBJI1IBbIe MamBHbI
paaJIB'IaroTCJI DO 'IBCJIY 'IepBJlKOB, TBDY DpBBOAa, CDoc06BOCTB nepepa6aTbIBaTb
paaorpeTYIO BJIB XOJIOAByIO peaBBOBYIO CMeCb, BaJIH'lBIO BaKYYM-OTcoca B T. A.
B peSDBOBoii DpOMbImJIeBBOCTB 'IepBJI'IHbIe MaDlBBLI BaB60JIee 'IaCTO KJIaCCB-
<}>B PYIOT DO POAY BbIDOJIBJleMbIX BMB ODepa Bii. nO STOMY DpBaBaKY Bce 'IepBJI'I-
m.Ie M8mBBbI DOApaaAeJIJlIOTCJI Ba:
34
DpO<}>BJIBPYIO De (mDp -MaIDBBbI), DpeAHaaBa'leBBbIe AJIJI BbIDYCKa DOJIY-
<}>a6pBKaTOB paaJIB'IBOrO DpO<}>BJIJI - DpOTeKTOpOB aBTOM06BJIbBbIX DmB, TPy60K,
mHypOB, DJIaCTDB B T. n.;
06KJIaAO'lBbIe, DpBMeBJIeMbIe AJIJI 06peaHBBBaBBJI Ka6eJIJI B pyKaBOB;
HJIbTpyIO Be (cTpeiiBepbI), BCDOJILsyeMbIe AJIJI O'lBCTKB peaDBOBbIX cMeceii
B pereHepaTa OT DOCTOpOBBBX BKJIIO'IeBu:i;
DJIaCTB BPyIO e, BJIB DJIaCTBKaTopbI, DpeABaaBa'leBHbIe AJIJI DJIaCTBKa DB
KaY'IyKa B BbIAa'lB ero B BBAe rpaBYJI BJIB JIeBTbI;
rpaHYJIBpYIO Be, BJIB rpaHYJIJlTOpbI, DpBMeBJleMbIe AJIJI BaMeJIb'leBBJI (rpa-
aYJIDpOBaHHJI) Ka yKOB B peaDBOBbIX cMepei;
KOM6DHBpOBaBBbIe, cBa6meBBbIe )J;BYMJI BJIB BeCKOJIbKBMB roJIOBKaMD (<}>BJIb-
TPYIOm;eii, rpaBYJIBpYIOm;ei B JIBCTOBaJIbBOii B JII060M CO'leTaBHB);
CMeCBTeJIbBbIe, BJIB CMeCBTeJIB, DpeAHaaHa'leBBbIe AJIJI DpBrOTOBJIeHBJI peaB-
HOBhIX cMeceii BeDpepbIBBbIM CDoc060M (CM. rJI. 4).
B peaDBoBoii DpOMbIIDJIeBBOCTB BaB60JIbmee pacnpOCTpaBeBBe DOJI BJID
OAHO'lepBJI'IHbIe MamBBbI. COrJIaCBO peKoMeHAa BB caB AJIJI MamDB DO Depe-
pa60TKe peaDHOBbIX cMeceii YCTaBOBJIeB CJIeAYIO Bii PJlA, B OCBOBY KOToporo
nOJIOiKeBO OTBomeBBe AJIDBbI pa60'lei 'IaCTB 'IepBJlKa L K ero ABaMeTpy D: LID =
= 5; 8; 10; 12.
PeKoMeHAyeTCJI TaKme CJIeAYIO Hi pJlA ABaMeTpOB 'IepBJlKOB (B MM): 20; 25;
32; 45; 63; 90; 125; 160; 200; 250; 320; 400.
TDDbI B paaMepbI OABO'lepBJI'IBbIX MamDB, BarOTaBJIBBaeMbIX B CCCP, ODpe-
AeJIeHbI rOCT 11441-70. aTBM rOCT DpeAYCMaTpBBaeTCJI BbIDyCK 'IepBJI1IBbIX
MamDH TeDJIOBOrO DBTaBBJI 6ea BaKYYM-OTcoca (MqT) B C BaKYYM-OTCOCOM (MqTB),
a TaKme XOJIOAHOrO nBTaHBJI 6ea BaKYYM-OTcoca (MqX) B C BaKYYM-OTCOCOM
(MQXB). HaDpBlo{ep, OAHO'lepBJI'IBaJl MaDmHa XOJIOAHOrO DBTaBBJI 6ea BaKYYM-
OTcoca C 'IepBJlKOM ABaMeTpOM 160 MM 060aBa'laeTCJI CJIeAYIOm;BM 06paaoM: MamDBa
MQX-160 rOCT 11441-70.
2.2. 06L11,EE YCTPOACTBO H PA60TA
4EPBfl4HblX MAWHH
YCTpoiiCTBO 'IepBJI'IBbIX MamaH paccMoTpBM Ba DpDMepe MamBBbI MqT-400
aaBoAa «BOJIbmeBBK» (r. RBeB), DpeAHaaBa'leBBOii AJIJI BbIDycKa aBToKaMep
(pHC. 2.1). Ha <}>YHAaMeBTBoii DJIBTe 1 YCTaBOBJIeBa CTaBDHa 2 C YKpeDJIeBBbIM
aa Heii BJIHBAPOM 7, B KOTOpbIii 3aDpeCCOBaBa Py6amKa 8 AJIJI 060rpeBa MamDBbI
napOlo{ BJIB OXJIam)J;eBBJI ee BOAOii. BByTpB BJIBBApa aaDpeCCOBaBa TaKme CMeB-
BaJl rDJIb3a 9 fia JIerBpOBaBBoii CTaJIB. C Top a K BJIBBAPY DpBcoeADBeB Ba 60JI-
Tax nepeXOABbIii <}>JIaBe 5, K KOTOPOMY DpBCOeABBJleTCJI rOJIOBKa 4. qepBJlK 6
YCTaHOBJIeB Ba POJIBKODOAmBDBBKax 13 B 18. nepBbIii JlBJIJleTCJI YDOPHbIM B BOC-
DplfHBMaeT oceBbIe yCBJIBJI, BoaHBKaIO Be DPB pa60Te MaIDBHbI. qepBJlK BMeeT
nOJIOCTb, K KOTOpoii DOABOADTCJI BOAa AJIJI OXJIamAeBBJI. rOJIOBKa 4 ManmBbI TaKme
IIMeeT DOJIOCTB AJIJI TeDJIOBOCBTeJIJI. npDBOA 'IepBJlKa ocy eCTBJIJleTCJI OT 3JIeKTpO-
)J;BDraTe.lIJI DOCTOJlBHOrO TOKa 'Ie pea MY<}>TY B peAYKTop 15 C ay6'1aTbIMD KOJIeCaMB
16. TBXOXOABbIii BaJI 17 peAyKTopa DOJIbIii, B B BeM Ba mDOBKe aaKpeDJIeBa XBOCTO-
BaJl 'IaCTb 14 'IepBJlKa. PeaDBOBaJl CMeCb DOAaeTCJI B MamDBY 'Iepea aarpyao'lByIO
BOPOHKY 12.
Cym;HOCTb Dpo ecca mnpD eBaHBJI SaKJIIO'IaeTCJI B CJIeAYIO eM. qepBJlK
(CM. pBC. 2.1) co06 aeT DOAOrpeToii BJIB XOJIOABOi peaDBoBoii CMeCB, DOCTyDa-
(()II!,eii B .lIDBAP lIepea aarpyaOllBYIO BOPOBKY, DOCTYDaTeJIbBOe ABBiI<eHHe BAOJIb
OCII BJIBBAPa B BbIAaBJIBBaeT ee 'Iepea DpO<}>BJIBPYIO ee BLIXOAHoe OTBepCTBe
rOJIOBKB. BCJIeACTBBe TpeBBJI MemAY peaBHoBoii CMeCbIO B nOBepXHOCTJlMB 'IepBJlRa
11 D;llJIBHApa 06pa6aTbIBaeMbIii MaTepBaJI DOABepraeTCJI DOCTOJlBHO MeHJlIODJ;BMCJI
e<}>opMa D1JM CmaTBJI B CABBra, DpOBCXOABT OTBOCBTeJIbHOe DepeMem;eHDe OT)J;eJIbHbIX
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Puc. 2.1. CxeMa '1epBR'lBOD MalllBBY M1J:T-400 Ailll OpOBSBoAcTBa aBTOKaMep:
1 - <liYlIJ1aareHTHall nJIHTa; Z - cTaHUBa; 3 - ODopRall KapeTKa ronoBKu M8IJIIIIIIoI; 4 - rOJtOBKa MamulIIoI; $ - DepeXO,[lBOA clinauelt 1\lInIfRapa;
6 - '1epDIIK; '1 - ltIIJIHHJlP; 8 - py6awKa ltIIJIHBJIpa; 9 - CareHBalll'llJJl>3a; 10 - BellTWJU; 11 - pacupeJlenBTeJlbRall KOpO()Ka; lZ - aarpyao'llfall
BOIJOHKa; 13 - ynoplllolA nOJlDIHDHBK; 14 - XBOCTOBall '1aCTb '1epBIIKa; 1$ - peJIyJ<TOp; 16 .- ayO'l8T101e Koneca pe.tlYKTopa; 1'1 - nonLlA Ban;
18 - paJlOanbllLlit nOJlWUnHBK; 19 - MY«ln'a; zo - aneKTPOJlBBraTeJlb.
CMemBbIX Y'IaCTKOB CMeCB, BOSBDKaIOT aaBBXpeBBJI B 06paTHble DOTOKB.
B peSYJIbTaTe peaBHOBaJl CMeCb paaOrpeBaeTCJI B DO Mepe DpOABHmeBBJI K rOJIOBKe
CTaBOBBTCJI DJIaCTB'IBOii, YDJIOTBJleTCJI B rOMOreBBaHpyeTCJI. CTeDeHb p8aOrpeBa
CMeCB B AaBJIeHBe aaBBCJlT OT AJIBBbl 'IepBJlKa B COaAaBaeMOi BM CTeneHB CJt\aTJlJI.
npB CBJIbHOM BarpeBe CMeCB BOaMOmHa DpemAeBpeMeHHaJl BYJTKaHBaa HfI. ,IJ;JIJI
TOrO 'IT06bI 3TOrO Ba6emaTb, 'IepBflK B BJIHBAP M8DlBHbI OXJIamAaIOTCJI BO)J;oii.
B rOJIOBKe DpOBCXOABT AaJIbBeiimee ynJIOTBeHDe peaJlHhI. BJIarOAapJl BbICTY-
DaM B KaBaJIaM MaTepBaJI paBHOMepHO paCDpeAeJJJleTCJI DO AJIBBe DPO<}>DJIBpYIOm;ero
aaaopa. nOA AeiicTBBeM oceBoro AaBJIeBBJI, coaAaBaeMoro 'IepBJlKOM, CBJIbHO cma-
TaJl CMeCb BbIAaBJIDBaeTCJI 'Iepea npO<}>BJIBPYIOm;ee OTBepCTBe rOJIOBKB. qeM MeBbme
DPO<}>BJIBPYIO Bi aaaop BJIB OTBepCTBe, TeM 60JIbme AaBJIeBJle CMeCB. CMeCb ABB-
meTCJI 'Iepes rOJIOBKY C paaHoi CKOpOCTbIO: Y CTeBKB OHa MeHLme, 'IeM B cepeADBe
saaopa BJIB OTBepCTJlJI.
no AJIBBe 'IepBJlKa paaJIB'IaIOT TPB aOBbI C paaJIH'lBbIM COCTOJlBBeM CMeCB:
1) aOBY aarpyaKB (DBTaBBJI); 2) aOBY CmaTDJI, paaorpeBa B DJIaCTBK BB; 3) aOBY
AOSBpOBaBBJI B <}>opMOBaBJlJI.
CJIOmHOCTb TeOpeTB'IeCKBX paC'IeTOB DpOBaBOABTeJIbBOCTB MaDlBB B BX OCHOB-
BbIX DapaMeTpOB DpBBeJIa K TOMY, 'ITO Ba DpaKTBKe AJIJI 3TOii eJIB DOJIbayIOTCJI
3MDBpH'leCKBMB <}>opMYJIaMB, a TaI<me MeTOAOM MOAeJIBpOBaBBJI 'IepBJI'IBbIX MaDlBB.
npeAJIOmeBbI <}>OPMYJIbI, nOJIbSYJlCb KOTOpbIMB, MomBO onpeAeJIBTb DpOBaBOAB-
TeJIbBOCTb MamBBbI, Be06xOABMYIO 'IaCTOTY Bpam;eBBJI 'IepBJlKa, AaBJIeBBe B rOJIO-
BKe B DOTpe6JIJleMYIO MOm;BOCTb, eCJIB STB DapaMeTpbI BaBeCTBbI AJIJI MamDH DO-
A06BOi KOBCTPYK HH, BO APYrux paSMepOB.
2.3. YCTPOf!CTBO OCHOBHblX LlACTEf! H YSnOS
0AHOLlEPBRLlHblX MAWHH
2.3.1. LfepBRK
qepBJlK JlBJIJleTCJI OCBOBBbIM pa60'lBM opraBOM MamDHLI, OT reOMeTpH'leCKOii
<}>OpMbI B KOBCTpyK BB KOToporo aaBBCJlT DpOBSBOABTeJIbBOCTb MaIDBBbI D ee npB-
rOAHOCTb AJIJI 06pa60TKB Toro BJIB BBoro MaTepBaJIa. qepBJlK 06bI'IHO COCTOBT
Ba ABYX 'IacTeii - pa60'leii (BapeaBoi) B XBOCTOBOi (ODOpBOi). OB BbIDOJIBJleTCJI
eJIbHbIM BJIB COCTaBBbIM.
I:taK yme yKaabIBaJIOCb, B HapeaBoii 'IaCTB 'IepBJlKa paSJIH'laIOT TPB pa60'IDe
aOHbI: aarpyaKB, CmaTBJI B DJIaCTBKa B, AOSBpOBaHDJI B <}>opMOBaBDJI. npB npa-
BBJIbBOM CO'leTaBBB paSMepOB SOB B saBBCBMOCTB OT BaaBa'leBDJI MamDBLI B DPB
COOTBeTcTByIOm;eii BapeaKe 'IepBJlKa AOCTBraeTCJI paBBOMepBaJl (6es DyJI:bca i)
BbIAa'la MaTepBaJIa B BOpMaJIbBaJl pa60Ta MamDHbI.
30Ha aarpYSKD, npeABaaBa'leBBaJl AJIJI aaXBaTa MaTepBaJIa BS aarpyaO'lBOH
BOpOHKB, AOJImBa BMeTb AOCTaTO'lBbIe AJIJI 3Toro AJIBBY, rJIy6DBY BapeaKB B pac-
CTOJlBBe Me AY BBTKaMB. 06bI'IBO AJIDBa SOBbI sarpyaKB AOCTBraeT 1,2-1,5D
'IepBJlKa B aaBBCJlMOCTH OT BaaBa'leBBJI MamDHbI B xapaKTepa Depepa6aTbIBaeMoro
MaTepBaJIa. B aOBe CmaTDJI B DJIaCTBKa BB DpOBCXOABT paaorpeB, DJIaCTBKa JI
B rOMoreHBaa BJI MaTepBaJIa. 3AeCb COBepmaeTCJI DepexOA MaTepBaJIa Ba TBepAorO
COCTOJlHBJI B BJl3KOTeK ee. ,IJ;JIBBa aOBbI 06bI'1BO COCTaBJIJleT 1 ,5-2D. B aOBe
AoaBpOBaBBJI B <}>opMOBaHBJI DpOBCXOABT paBBOMepBoe paCDpeAeJIeBBe MaTepBaJIa,
B STHM 06eCDe'lBBaeTCJI BOpMaJIbBaJl DOAa'la ero B rOJIOBKY MaDlDBbI (c DOCTOJlB-
HbIMB AaBJIeBBer.r n 06'beMBOi CKOpOCTbIO). npaBDJJbBOe onpeAeJIeHBe paaMepOB
HapeaKB 3TOii 30HbI BJIJlJleT Ha DpORaBOARTeJIbBOCTb MamDBbI.
COOTBomeBBe pa3MepOB aOB B xapaKTep BapeaKB 'IepBJlKa lIaMeBJleTCJI B aaBB-
CBMOCTB OT BaaHa'leBBJI MaDlDHbI. Pa60'laJl (BapeaBaJl) 'IaCTb 'IepBJlKa xapaKTepB-
aYeTCJI ABaMeTpoM, AJIBBOii B x8paKTepoM peab6bI. ,IJ;BaMeTpbI 'IepBJlKOB B CCCP
37
CTaH)];apTBaOBaHbI. ,IJ;JIJI 'IepBJI'IHbIX MamBB no nepepa60TKe peaBBOBbIX cMeceii
B COOTBeTCTBBB C rOCT 11441-70 B peKoMeBAa BJlMB CaB yCTaHOBJIeBbI CJIeAY-
IOID;De ABaMeTpbI 'IepBJlKOB (B MM): 32, 63, 90, 125, 160, 200, 250, 400 B 380/450.
3apy6emHbIe <}>BpMbI BbIDYCKaIOT aBaJIOrB'IBbIe MamBBbI DpBMepBO C TaKBM me
pJl)];OM ABaMeTpOB 'IepBJlKOB. ,IJ;BaMeTp 'IepBJlKa JlBJIJleTCJI OCBOBBbIM napaMeTpOM,
ODpeAeJIJlIOIl\BM DpOBSBOADTeJIbBOCTb MamBBbI, KOTOpaJl aaBBCBT TaKme OT xapaK-
Tepa HapeaKB. PaSJIH'laIOT 'IepBJlKB:
a) C OABO-, ABYX- B TpexaaXOABoii peab60i B C KOM6BBBpoBaBBoii: peab60ii;
6) BJIHBAPH'leCKBe, KOBYCBbIe B KOM6BHBpoBaBHbIe C DOCTOJlBBbIM marOM B
O)];HHaKoBoii: rJIy6BBoii peab6bI DO Bceii: pa60'leii: AJIBHe;
B) C nepeMeBHbIM marOM BJIB paaJIB'IHoii: rJIy6BBoii pesb6bI.
B CCCP 'IepBJI'IBbIe MamDBbI AJIJI Depepa60TKB peSBBbI BbInYCKaIOTCJI B 60JIb-
mUHCTBe CJI aeB C 'IepBJlKOM JIBHAPH'leCKoii: <}>OpMbI, C AByxaaxoABoii BapeaKoi
C DOCTOJlHHbIM marOM D DepeMeBBoi, y6bIBaIO ei DO HaDpaBJIeBBIO K rOJIOBKe
rJIy6BBoii: peab6bI. TaKoe DCDOJIBeHBe 'IepBJlKa 06eCDe'lBBaeT AOCTaTO'lHOe YDJIOT-
BeHBe B OABOpOABOCTb CMeCB, BaBMeBLmyIO nYJIbCa BIO Depepa6aTbIBaeMoro MaTe-
pBaJIa B HaD60JIee paBBOMepHoe AaBJIeHBe Ha DpO<}>BJIBpyIO YIO maii6y, DOBbImaeT
DpOHSBOABTeJILBOCTb MamHHbI DPB Toii me 'IaCTOTe Bpall\eBBJI 'IepBJlKa.
OAHaKO DPB nepepa60TKe peaBHOBbIX cMeceii: OABoaaxOAHbIe 'IepBJlKB 06eCDe-
'IBBaIOT JIY'lmHH aaXBaT MaTepBaJIa B sarpyao'lBoii: aOBe B MeBbmBe TeDJIOBbIAeJIe-
BDJI, 'IeM ABYX- 11 TpexsaXOABbIe. nOSTOMY B pJlAe 'IepBJI1IBbIX MamDB, TaKDX, KaK
<}>BJIbTpOBaJIbHbIe, rpaBYJIDpYIO e, JIBCTOBaJIbBbIe, DJIaCTBKaTOpbI, 'IepBJlKB BbI-
DOJIHJlIOT KOM6BHBpOBaHBbIMB: B SOBe sarpyaKB C OAHoaaxoABoii: BapesKoii:, a B CJIe-
AYIOIl\HX aOHax - C ABYX- D TpexaaxoAHoii BapeaKoii C nepeMeBBbIMB marOM B rJIY-
6BHOii:. Ha KOB e 'IepBJlKa AeJIaIOT HacaAKY B BBAe KOByca C AByxaaxoABoii: peaL60ii:
AJIJI 06eCDe'leHDJI paBBOMepHoro AaBJIeHBJI Ba <}>BJIbTPYIO YIO DJIB rpaBYJIBpy-
IOIl\YIO DJIBTY.
llOMBMO ABaMeTpa B Xapal(Tepa BapeaKB BamBbIM DapaMeTpOM 'IepBJI'IBOii
loIamRHbI JlBJIJleTCJI OTBomeBDe AJIDBbI pa60'leii 'IaCTB 'IepBJlKa K ero ABaMeTpy.
,IJ;JIDHa pa60'lei 'IaCTB 'IepBJlKa ODpeAeJIJleTCJI, BCXOAJI Ba Be06xoABMOCTB DOJIY'Ie-
HRJI DOBepxHocTD, AocTaTo'lBoii (DpD Ter.mepaTypax, DpBBJlTbIX B pe&DBOBOii npo-
)fLTillJIeBBocTB) AJIJI paaorpeBa peaDBoBoii CMeCB AO TeMDepaTypbl, 06ecDe'lBBaIO eii
DepexoA nepepa6aTbIBaeMoro MaTepBaJIa B BJlaKoTeKY'lee COCTOJlBBe. OAHaKo 'Ipea-
MepHoe YBeJIB'IeHBe AJIHBbI 'IepBJlKa BeAeT K DeperpeBY peaDBoBoi CMeCB B MomeT
BbIaBaTb npe}I(AeBpeMeHHYIO DOABYJIKaBBaa uIO.
npB Depepa60TKe peaBBoBbIx cMeceii BoaHBKaIOT aHa'lBTeJILBbIe CBJIbI TpeHBJI
B BbIAeJIJleTCJI 60JIbmOe KOJIB'IeCTBO TeDJIa, DOSTOMY 'IepBJlKB B MamBBax AeJIaIOT
60JIee KOpOTKBMB, 'IeM B MamDBax, BCDOJIbayeMbI,x AJIJI nepepa60TKB DJIaCTMacc.
JIJI MamBH, Depepa6aTbIBaIOIl\BX DOAorpeTbIe peaBBOBbIe CMeCB, 06bI'IBO LID :s:;;
:s:;; 12; AJIJI MamnH, Depepa6aTbIBaIO Bx XOJIOABbIe peSBBOBbIe CMeCB, LID 12,
a AJIJI MamBB DO Depepa60TKe nJIaCTMaCC LID :s:;; 30. no rOCT 1144 -70 OTBome-
BBe )];JIHBbI 'IepBJlKa K ero ABaMeTpy Y MamBH MqT B MqXB C 'IepBJlKOM ADaMeT-
PO;\J OT 32 )];0 125 MM BaXOABTCJI B DpeAeJIaX COOTBeTCTBeBBO 5-10 B 12-16,
a Y MamBB MqT C 'IepBJlKOM ABaMeTpOM OT 160 AO 400 MM - 3,5-4,5.
napaMeTpoM, OT KOToporo aaBDCBT coaAaHBe Be06xoADMoro )];aBJIeBBJI B 06ec-
neqeHDe BymHoii DJIOTHOCTB mDpB yeMoro MaTepUaJIa B KOB e 'IepBJlKa,
1JBJIHeTCJI CTeneHb CmaTBJI, ODpeAeJIJleMaJl reOMeTpB'IeCKBMD paaMepaMB BapeaKB
'IepBJlKa.
CTeDeHbIO cmaTBJI, KaK BbIme 6bIJIO CKaaaBO, BaabIBaeTCJI OTBomeBBe Mem-
BHTI(OBOrO 06'LeMa OAHoro mara BapeSKD B aOBe aarpyaKB K COOTBeTCTByIO eMY
06'beMY B KOH e 'IepBJlKa. 06'LeMBOe cmaTBe MaTepBaJIa MomeT 6bITb AOCTBrByTO
nYTeM YMeBbmeBDJI mara BapeaKB DO BaDpaBJIeBBIO K rOJIOBKe DPB nOCTOJlHBoii
r.'lYOHne BapeaKD BJIB DyTeM yY>feBbmeBBJI rJIy6BBbl BapeSKH K KOB y 'IepBJlKa
DPB coxpaBeBBD mara BapeaKB nOCTOJlBBbIM DO Bcei AJIBBe 'IepBJlKa. CorJIaCBO
38
rOCT 11441-70, B 'IepBJI'IBbIX MamBBax MqT B MqX C 'IepBJlKOM ABaMeTpOM
OT 32 AO 400 MM CTeDeBb CmaTBJI AOJImBa BaXOABTbCJI B DpeAeJIaX 1-2.
Illar BapeaKB Y 'IepBJlKOB peaBBo06pa6aTbIBaIO Bx MamBB 06bI'IBO KOJIe6JIeTcJI
OT 0,6 AO 1,5D 'IepBJlKa, a rJIy6DBa BapeaKB - OT 0,2 AO 0,25D.
qepBJlKB pa60TaIOT B TJlmeJIbIX yCJIOBBJlX, D03TOMY OBB BbIDOJIBJlIOTCJI Ba
CTaJIB MapOK 40XHMA, 40X D 45 C TepMo06pa60TKoii, paapymaIOm;ee BaDpJlmeBBe
KOTOpbIX DPB paapbIBe COCTaBJIJleT 8-10 Mna. nOBepxBocTb 'IepBJlKa AOJImBa
6bITb BaBocoycTOi'lBBOii, C Be60JIbmBM K03<}><}>B DeBToM TpeBBJI; OBa mJIB<}>yeTCJI,
aaoTBpyeTcJI Ba rJIy6HBY 0,5-0,7 MM AO TBepAOCTB HRC 78-82 B DOJIBpyeTCJI AO
OKOB'IaTeJIbBOii 'IBCTOTbI Be rpy6ee 0,7 no rOCT 2789-59. BBTKB'IepBJlKa B Doca-
AO'lBbIe DOBepXBOCTB, BXOAJI e B DOJIldii BaJI peAyKTopa, aaKaJIBBaIOTCJI TOKaMB
BbICOKOii 'IaCTOTbI AO TBepAOCTB HRC 42-47 Ba rJIy6DBY 5 MM.
rpe6BB BBTKOB 'IepBJlKOB ABaMeTpOM 250/300, 300/380 B 380/450 MM AOJImBbI
DMeTb BaDJIaBKY Ba TBepAoro CDJIaBa TBepAOCTbIO Be MeBee HRC 50. qepBJlKD
60JIbmDX ABaMeTpOB OTJIDBaIOT ua CTaJIB 45 JIn; KaK DpaBBJIO, BX AeJIaIOT COCTaB-
BbIMB, 'ITO nOaBOJIJleT MeBJlTb B peMOBTBpOB8Tb TOJII>KO BaB60JIee BaBaWBBaeMYIO
BapeaBYIO 'IaCTb, Be paa6upaJl DOAmBDBBKOBoro yaJIa XBOCTOBOi 'IaCTB 'IepBJlKa.
HeKoTopbIe <}>UpMbI XPOMBPYIOT 'IepBJJKB Ba rJIy6BBY OT 0,03 AO 0,05 MM.
BByTpB 'IepBJlK paCTa'lBBaeTCJI. 06paaYIOm;aJlCJI DOJIOCTb CJIYilmT AJIJI DOAa'lB
OXJIamAaIOm;eii BOAbI; co CTOpOBbI rOJIOBKB OBa cBa6meBa aarJIymKoii. lIHorAa
B 'IepBJI'IBbIX MamBBax, DpeABaaBa'leBBb1X AJIJI 06KJIaAKB BJIB BaOJIJI , BaAeaDe,t
DOKpbIBaeMoe peaBHOBoii CMeCbIO, DpODYCKaIOT 'Iepea pacTo'lKy BBYTPB 'IepBJlKa
BJIB DpBMeBJlIOT AJIJI SToii eJIB T-06paSBYIO rOJIOBKY.
,IJ;JIJI BOpMaJIbBOii pa60TbI MamBBbI O'leBI> BameB DpaBBJIbBbIii DOA60p aaaopa
MemAY BapymBoii DOBepXBOCTbIO peab6bI 'IepBJlKa B BByTpeBBeii DOBepXBOCTbIO
rBJIbabI BJIBBApa. OB AOJImeB 6bITb B DpeAeJIaX (0,002-0,005) D AJIJI BOBbIX
MamBB B Be 60JIee 0,008D AJIJI 3KCDJIyaTBpyeMbIx MamBB, TaK KaK DPB YBeJIH'leBBB
3Toro aaaopa peaKO BospaCTaeT YTe'lKa MaTepBaJIa B YMeBbmaeTCJI npOBaBOABTeJIb-
BOCTb MamBBbI. OABaKO DPB O'leBb MaJIbIX aaaopax BoaMomBbI aaABPbI Ba rBJIbae
DJIBBApa, aaKJIBBBBaBBe 'IepBJlKa B BbIXOA MamBBbI Ba CTpOJl. 3aaop MemAY TOp-
OM 'IepBJlKa B rOJIOBKOii AOJImeB 6bITb MBBBMaJIbBbIM B Be DpeBbImaTb 1,5D.
ROBCTpyK BJI 'IepBJlKOB MamBB, DpeABaaBa'leBBbIX AJIJI DOJI eBBJI peaBBO-
BbIX aarOTOBOK, DOKaaaBa Ba pBC. 2.2. Ha pBC. 2.2, a DpBBeAeB 'IepBJlK eJIbBOii
KOBCTPYK BB C DporpeCCBBBO YMeBbWaIOm;eiicJI rJIy6BBoii BapeaKB (c 55 AO
37,5 MM) B DOCTOJlBBbIM marOM (218 MM). HapeaKa AByxaaxoABaJl, AJIBBa pa60'leii
'IaCTB 'IepBJlKa paBBa 5D. B CepeABBe 'IepBJlKa BMeeTCJI KaBaJI AJIJI OXJIamAeBBJI,
DepeK'pbITbIii C Top a sarJIymKoii. qepBJlK TaKoi KOBCTpyK BH DpBMeBJleTCJI
B MamDHax TeDJIOrO DBTaBBJI. Ha pBC. 2.2, 6 DOKaaaB 'IepBJlK C DporpeccBBBo
YMeBbmaIOm;BMCJI marOM BapeaKB (c 215 AO 170 MM) DpB DOCTOJlBBOii ee rJIy61IBe
(55,3 MM)1 AJIBBa pa60'lei 'IaCTB 'IepBJlKa paBBa 3,41D; BapeaKa AByxaaxOABaJl.
qepBJlK C OABoaaXOABoii BapeaKoii B AODOJIBBTeJIbBOi BapeaKoii B aOBe AoaDpo-
BaBBJI npeACTaBJIeB Ba pBC. 2.2, 6.
3Ta BapeaKa YBeJIU'IBBaeT paBBOMepBOCTb DpoxOAa CMeCB 'Iepes rOJIOBI.;Y,
AOnOJIBBTeJIbBO YDJIOTBJleT B rOMoreBBaBpyeT CMeCb. B BaCTOJl ee BpeMJI BeAYTCJI
DBTeBCBBBbIe BCCJIeAOBaBBJI DO Ba eBBIO B oTpa60TKe ODTBMaJIbBOii KOB<}>Brypa-
BB 'IepBJlKOB AJIJI paaJID'lBbIX MaTepBaJIOB B BBAOB Depepa60TKB.
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KOTOpaJl nOABOABTCJI K ero XBOCTOBOii 'IaCTB. OXJIamAaIOm;aJl BOAa DO BeDOABBmBoii
Tpy6e 7 (CM. pBC. 2.3) DOCTYDaeT B DepeABIOIO 'lac'll. MamBBbI B ABIDKeTCJI 06paTBo
K XBOCTOBOii 'IaCTB 'Iepea aaaop MemAY 3TOii Tpy60ii B BByTpeBBeii DOBepXBOCTbIO
Bpam;aIOm;erOCJI 'IepBJlKa; BOAa OTBOABTCJI Ba MamUBbI 'Ie pea DaTpy60K B KaBaJIU-
aa BIO.
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pOBKB ero B DepeAa'lB Bpam;aIOm;ero MOMeBTa 'Iepea peAYKTOp OT SJIeKTpOABBraTeJIJI
39
DpDBOAa. B COBpeMeBBbIX MamDBaX 'IepBJlK AeJIaeTCJI COCTaBBbIM, DpD'IeM
XBOCTOBaJl 'IaCTb BbInOJIBJleTCJI B BBAe DOJIOrO BaJIa peAYKTOpa D B Bee Ba mJID aX
saXOADT aD<}>a BapeaHOD 'IaCTD DJID me BapeaBaJl 'IaCTb 'IepBJlKa aaKaB'IDBaeTCJI
<}>JIaB ep.r, KOTOpbIM OBa B KpeDDTCJI K <}>JIaB Y BaJIa peAYKTopa.
qepBJlK DepeAaeT Ba DOAmHDBBKH XBOCTOBOD 'IaCTD aBa'lBTeJIbBOe oceBoe
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HOBblX CMecea:
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YMeBhwaJOIQIDICII maroM B DOCTOIIBBOI rnyOBHOI Bape3KB (\!IBPMIoI (,,n. BPB;IUf\»); /I - '1epBIIK C nOHon-
!lUTen&uolt Rape3Kol.
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JIIIJI. 06LI'IBO B "IepBJI'IBbIX MamDBaX XBOCTOBOii BaJI Bpam;aeTCJI B DOAmDDBHRaX
l<aqeBIIJI. ,IJ;JIJI npe,D.OXpaBeBDJI YDOpBOrO DOAmHnBDKa OT DeperpyaKH B pJl,D.e KOB-
CTPYK ni1 npHMClUIe1'CJI Cne lIaJIbBOe rJlApaBJIH'leCKOe YCTpoiicTBO.
nO,lJ;lllHllHIIKOBbIii yaeJI 'IepBJI'IBOii MaillHBLI nOKaaaB Ha pRC. 2.3. XBOCTOBaJl
'IaCTb COCTaBBoro 'IepBJllta 1 BMee'f WJIII bI H BXOAHT BO BTYJIKY 2, DOCa>l<enBYIO
B DO.lIbIii BaJI 3, Ba KOTOpOM aaKpenJIeBbI BBYTpeBHDe 060iiMbI paABaJIbBbIX ODOpHhIX
4, 8 D YDopBoro 5 mapUKOlIOAmunBHKOB. Ha DOJIbIi BaJI 3 DocameBO na mnOBKe
60JILillOe DpDBOAHOe ay6'1aTOe KOJIeCO 9 peAYKTopa. YnopBbIH nOAWHnBUK pa60-
TaeT B MQCJIJlBoii BaBBe DJIII CMaabIBaeTCJI OT MaCJIJlBOrO Bacoca. ,IJ;oDycTuMble Ba-
40
rpYSICB B8 8TOT DOAmDDBBR B SaBDCDMOC'fD 0'1' ABaMeTpa D 'IaCTOTbI Bpa eBDJI
'IepBJlR8 DpDBOAJlTCJI BDme:
.l{ollMeTp '1epBRKa, MM 25-32 45 -50 60-65 90 115-120 150 200
qacTOTa Bp eBBR '1ep-
BRKa, 06/MBB .... 100 40 40 60 60 25 25
HarpysKa, KH . . . ., 34 88 400 460 660 1270 1450
npaBDJIbBbIR BbI60p YDopBoro DOAmDDBBRa O'leBb BameB AJIJI BOpMaJIbBOR
pa60'fbI 'IepBJI1IBoii MamDHbI. PelCoMeBAyeTCJI BbI6DpaTb YDOpmm DOAWDDBDK
C TaKDM paC'Ie'fOM, 'IT06bI OB Mor 06eCDe'lBTb Be MeBee 30 000 'I pa60'rY MamDBbI
POCo 2.3. YSM DOAIIIIIDIIIUCOB '1epBJl'Dloi MalllBBY:
1 - '1epBJIK; S - BT')'JlKa; 3 - DOmd BaJJ; 4,' - paJDIam.m.re ODOpllYe DO.1UlllD1RBJCB; 6 - -,uop-
m.dt DOJUllBlUlBK; 6 - KOPUYC YDOpBOro DOJIIIIBIIBBKa; 'I - TPyGa ODllUKJlellllll; 9 - a}'6tla'1'Oe Ko-
neco peAyJ<TOpa; 10 - yaM ODllUKJlellllll '1epBIIKa; 11 - TPy IJJ)OBO. .nII Dono.a' ODl8HGI8JDIqeA
BO IoI; IS - TP UPOBO. OTBo.a OxnaJtf,llaJOIQeI BOJW.
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MamDB CMaSbIBaIOTCJI KOBCDCTeBTBOR CMaSKOi, 60JIbIIIJIX MamBB - p8s6pLlSrDBa-
BDeM BJID DpBByABTeJIbBO.
2.8.2. LtHnHHAP H aarpyaO'4HaR BopOHKa
:QammAP 'IepBJI'IBOR MaWDBbI AOJImeB 6L1Tb AOCT8TO'IB0 DpO'lBYM D MaCCDBBNM,
TaK KaK OB pa60TaeT DPD 60JIbmOM AaBJIeBDD: 6-15 Mna (B SaBDCDMOCTB OT Depe-
pa6a'fYBaeMOro Ma'fepDaJIa D ADaMeTpa 'IepBJlKa), a DPD S8KpLl'foi rOJIOBKe-
AO 30-40 Mna.
:QDJIDBAP MamDBbI 06bI'IBO DSrO'faBJIDBaIOT DS 'IyrYBBoro DJID CTaJIbBOrO
JIDTbJl eJIbBbIM DJID C60pBbIM. B DOCJIeABeM CJI ae Ba BapymBoi DOBepXBOCTD
BBY'fpeBBero C'faKaBa DMeIO'fCJI pe6p8 AJIJI 06pasoBaBDJI DOJIOCTei, B KOTopLle MO-
meT DOAaBaTbCJI 060rpeBaIO aJl DJID OXJIamAaIO aJl BOAa. ECJID I\BJIDHAP DsrOTO-
BJIeB DS OABOR OTJIDBKD, OB BNDOJIBJleTCJI C DOJIOC'fJIMD AJIJI Dapa DJID BOAbI. BByTpb
DJIDBApa saDpeCCOBbIBaeTCJI CMeBBaJl rDJIbS8 DS CTaJID 38XMIOA, BByTpeBBJlJI
(pa60'laJl) DOBepXBOCTb KOTOpoi aSOTDpOBaBa D DMeeT TBepAOCTb HRA 83"':"86.
41
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paSMepOB, 'IT061>I DO AJIDRe OBa SaBDMaJIa 1-1,5 BDTlCa 'IepBJllCa. OABa DS CTOpOB
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'IepBJlICOM BOPOBICY AeJIaIOT C BelCOTopbIM DOAByTpeBDeM DJID YCTaBaBJIDBaIOT Y Bo-
pOBICD DpHBOABOD Bpam;aIO
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BYMD DJID OTOABDraIO
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OXJIamAeBDJI rOJIOBRD. TaR RalC DPD pa60Te B rOJIOBlCe MorYT BOSBDRByTb 60JIbmDe
p;aBJIeBDJI (AO 15 Mna B BbIme), ee D3rOTaBJIDBaIOT BS DpO'lBOrO 'IyrYBBoro JIDTbJl
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pa60'lDe DOBepXBOCTD AopBa D MYBAmTYKa XPOMDPYIOT.
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B oDyclCaeTCJI DPD DOMO
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o60rpeBaeTcJI SJIeKTpH'leCTBOM DJID DapOM. Ha rOJIOBKe YlCpeDJIeHI>I BomD, o6pe3a-
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pa360pBI.1MD D3 ABYX DOJIOBDB, KOTopbIe BBYTPD XPOMDPYIOTCJI. AJIDBa rOJIOBKD
42
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B cpeAHeM paBHa DOJIOBHHe DJIOm;aAH Ce'leHH1'I 1JepB1'IKa. MaRCHMaJIbHa1'l mHpHHa
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rOJIOBK8 AU BblOYCK8 TOHKOCTeHHblX Tpy60K (poc. 2.5, 6). IIpo«lmJIHPYIOm;HMH
AeTaJI1'IMH rOJIOBKH 1'IBJI1'IIOTC1'I AOpH 8 H IIfYHAmTYK 7, DOJIOmeHHe KOTOpLiX MomHO
perYJIHpOBaTb DPH DOMOm;H 60JITOB 12. ,I(OpH 8 YKpeDJI1'IeTC1'I Ha AopHOAepmaTeJIe 9
KpecToBHHLl13. IIocJIe)J.H1'I1'I 06bI1JHO HMeeT TPH pe6pa, HO 1JaCTO ee HarOTaBJIHBaIOT
C ABYM1'I HJIH OAHHM pe6poM. BHyrpH pe6ep KpeCTOBHHLI HMeIOTC1'I KaHaJILI AJI1'I
DOAa1JH B AopHOAepiKaTeJIb BoaAyxa C TaJIbKOM, AJI1'I coaAaHH1'I BaKYYMa HJIH )J.JI1'I
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RDRaJl"BaJi cxeMa YCTpoHcTsa ro-
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m>IX BaAeJJBl; 6 - c peryJIBPyeMJolM AOpROM IIJIJI umpll1{eB3-
IIIIJI DOJlblX BaAemdt; 6 - IIJIJI BblDYClCa MOROJIBTllWX UPG-
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Tytc; 4 - YDOpRaJI maAGa; 6 - peryJJBpYJOlIllfe Gomr.r;
8 - AOpR; 1 - AOpROAepIKaTeJll>; 8 - TPyGtca AJIJI DOAa'IB
TlUIbtca; 9 - nOJlOCTB IIJIJI Rarpesa B OXJI3mJteBBJI; 10-
TpyGa AJIJI nOAa'IB napa BJIB OXJI3IKAlUOmel BOAN.
AOJImHLI HMeTb 06TeKaeMYIO tIIOPMY; DOBepXBOCTH, CODpHKaCaIOm;HeC1'I C peaBHoii,
mJIHtIIYIOT H XPOMHPYIOT. rOJIOBKa cBa6meBa Py6amKoii AJI1'I BarpeBa H OXJIamAeBH1'I.
rOJIOBKa AU B8OIDII\IIB Ka6eneit, PYK8BOB B APyrox H3AeJI1Iit. TaK HaaLiBaeMa1'l
KpeCTo06paaHa1'l rOJIOBKa DOKaaaBa Ba pHC. 2.5, 6. IIBorAa KpeCTo06paSBYIO ro-
JIOBKY paCDOJIaraIOT TaKHM 06pasoa-r, 1JTO oTBepcTHe B Beii DepDeHABRYJI1'IpBO OCH
1JepB1'IKa, B 3TOM CJIyqae OBa BaaLiBaeTC1'I T-06paSBoii. BLl60p Tl'IIIa rOJIOBKH aaBH-
CHT OT xapaKTepa HSrOTaBJI1IBaeMLIX HaAeJIHii.
rOJIOBK8 AJI1'I O'lBCTICB (.OJIbTpoBaBBJI, BmI CTpeiBBPOB8HBJI) pe3BBOBbIX
cMeceit (pHC. 2.5, e). IIOAaBJI1'IIOm;ee 60JIbmHBCTBO CTpeB:HepOB HarOTaBJIHBaIOT
C oceBLIM BLlXOAOM MaTepHaJIa. IIpHMeB1'IBmHeC1'I paBee rOJIOBKH C paABaJIbBLIM
BLlXOAOM MaTepHaJIa HCDOJIbaYIOTC1'I B BaCT01'lm;ee BpeM1'I 01JeBb peAJ(o. rOJIOBRa
C oceBLIM BLlXOAOM MaTepHaJIa BLlDOJIBeBa C BBYTpeBBHM KOBJl1leCKHM OTBepCTHeM,
paCmHp1'lIOm;HMC1'I K BbIXOAY. <Dn:JIbTPYIOm;a1'l pemeTKa C ceTKoii 17 aamHMaeTC1'I
MemAY KOPDYCOM rOJIOBKH 1 H aamHMBoii raiiKoii 6 DPH DOMOID;JI KOJIb
a 18 6aiio-
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tIIHJIbTpOBaBBoii MaCCLI (Ba pHC. 2.5 Be DOKaaaBO), COCT01'lm;ee Ha KpeCTo06paaBO
paCDOJIOmeUBOii DpOBOJIOKH, DpHBOAHMoii B ABHmeHHe OT OTAeJIbHOrO 3JIeKTpOABH-
43
raTeJIJI. cI>IIJIbTPYIOID;aJl peWeTKa HMeeT KpyrJIl>le OTBepCTIIJI. BanOHeTHbIH 8aTBOp
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(aa1'OTOBOR aBTORalllep); 6 - I1nll oGKJlMICB RaGenJI C pacnonOIKeHHellll1opHa nOli yrnolll 60 0 R OCB Ma-
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nopR; 9 - )10pRonepa<aTeJIb; 10 - pacnWDITeJlb; 11 - rall(a; 12 - perYJlJlPoBoqRblI Gom; 18 - ICpe-
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mCTI(a C CBTICol; 18 - GalOHeTBoe ROBbqol 19 - BepXHJIJI UCTb ronoBRB (cePAC'IRBIC); 20 - DPB-
mBMRaJI DJlallRa; 21 - paaAeJIJIJODvdt CTepIKeBb; 66 - RB)f(RJIJI 'laCTb I'OBOBRB.
rOJIOBKa AU nOAKmO'Ie&IIJI OABOBpeMeBBO ABYX 'IepBJI'lBblX MamBB (pIIC. 2.5, 0)
mllpOKO DpllMeHJleTCJI B lD1IBBoi npOlilmmeBBOCTII )J;JIJI BbIDYCKa sarOTOBOK DpO-
TeKTOpOB 118
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44
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COa,D;aTb ,D;aBJIeBHe Ha BLlXO,D;e. ,I(HaMeTp MYH,D;mTYRa Ha BXO,D;e ,D;OJImeH 6L1TL paBeB
,D;HaMeTpy BByTpeHHeii nOJIOCTH rOJIOBRH Ha BI>1XO,D;e. Ha BLlXO,D;e MyB,D;mTYR MomHO
)J;eJIaTb pacnmpRIO
MCR, 'ITO ,D;aeT BoaMom:nOCTb wnpHI\eBaTb ROJIbI\eBLIe aaro-
TOBRH ,D;HaMeTpOM HeCROJIbRO 60JIbmHM (B 1,1-1,2 paaa), 'IeM ,D;HaMeTp 'IepBRRa.
2. PaccToRHHe OT ROHI\a 'IepBRRa ,D;O MyB,D;IIITYRa He ,D;OJImHO npeBLImaTb
)J;HaMeTpa 'IepBRRa.
3. BBYTpeHH:nB: 06'.beM npoTeRTopBoii rOJIOBRH p;OJImeH 6L1Tb B 2 paaa MeHLme
06'.beMa 'IepBRRa. ,I(JIHBa ee ,D;JIR cpe,D;Hllx MaWHa ,D;OJImHa 6L1Tb 60JIbWe p;HaMeTpa
'IepBRRa Ba 75%, a ,D;JIR 60JIbWHX lIIaWIIB - Ha 100%. DJIOIl\a,D;b Ce'leHHR BLlXO,D;-
Boii II\eJIH ,D;OIDf(Ba 6L1Tb B Cpe,D;HeM Ha 50% MeHbwe nJIOIl\a,D;H Ce'leHHR 'IepBRRa.
4. llpH BHoope ROH<pHrypa
H BLlXO,D;HLlX oTBepcTllii rOJIOBOR yqHTLlBaIOT
yca,D;RY H CROpOCTb BLlXO,D;a peaHBLI.
5. rOJIOBRa H OXJIam,D;aIOII\He nOJIOCTH ,D;OJImHLI 6L1Tb TaR CROHCTpy:npOBaHLI,
'IT06L1 npH TeMnepaType WnpHI\eBaHHR 120 °C TeMneparypa HapymHoii CTeHRH"
rOJIOBRH He npeBLlWaJIa 70 OCt 3THM npe,D;ynpem,D;aeTCR nO,D;BYJIRaHHaaI\HR CMeCH
B «MepTBLIx aOHax»!! rp;e CROpOCTb npoTeRaHHR CMeCH MeHbme.
2.3.5. npHBOA
tJaCTOTa Bpam;eHHR 'IepBRRa HaMeHReTCR B aaBHCIDIOCTH OT npo<pHJIR wnpH-'
I\YeMoro Ha,D;eJIHR H peI\enTa peaHBoBoii CMeCH. COBpeMeHHLle 'IepBR'IHLle MaWIIBLI
BLlnYCRalOTCR C npHBO,D;OM, nOaBOJIRIO
M perYJIHpOBaTb 'IaCTory BpaIl\eHHR qep-
BRRa B npe,D;eJIax OT 1 : 4 ,D;O 1 : 10.
B 'IepBJI1IHLlX ManmHax npHMeHRIOTCR CJIe,D;YIOII\He THnLl perYJIHpyeMLIx
npHBO,D;OB.
.n;BoraTemJ: C Be08MeBBOB: qaCTOTOB: BpalI\eBBS, cBaoaceaBhIe BapoaTopoM.
BOJIbWaR qaCTb npHBO,D;OB 3Toro TIIna pa60TaeT OT ,D;BHraTeJIeii nepeMeHHoro TORa
C RopOTRoaaMRHYTLlM pOTOpOM H cBa6meBa 6eccTyneB'IaTLlMH BapHaTOpaMH-
<ppHKI
HOBBl>lMH, JIeHTOqHLlMH H I\enHLlMH. OOLr'lHO TaRHe BapHaTopLi npIDIeHRIOTCR
p;JIR nepe,D;aqH MaJILIX MOIl\HOCTeii. ,I(JIR nepe,D;aqH 60JILWHX MOIl\HOCTeii HCnOJII>3Y-
IOTCR rH,D;paBJIH"IeCRHe BapHaTopLi. DpHMeHRIOTcR mH,D;ROCTHLIe nepe,D;aqH, pa60Ta-
IOII\He npH CTaTH'IeCROM HJIH ,D;HHaMH"IeCROM ,D;aBJIeHHH. CTaTH"IeCRHe mH,!I;I(OCTHLIe
nepe,D;a'lH MomHO perYJIHpOBaTb B 60JIbWOM )J;JIanaaOHe ,D;aBJIeBHii. B 3TOM aaRJIIO-
qaeTCR HX npeHMYIl\eCTBO nepe,D; )J;JIHaMH'IeCRIDIH nepe,D;aqaMH.
DpHMeHRIOTcR TaRme rH,D;paBJIlPleCRHe MY<PTLI C perYJIHPyeMoii 'IacToToii Bpa-
II\eHHR.
tJeTLIpexcRopocTHLIe 3JIeRTpO,D;BHraTeJIH nepe-
M e H H 0 rOT 0 R a 06eCneqHBalOT cTyneJI'qaTOe HaMeHeHlle '1HCJIa 060pOTOB
qepBRRa. TaRHe 3JIeRTpO,D;BHraTeJIH npHMeHRIOTCR ,D;JIR 'IepBR'IHLlX MaWHH, HCnOJIb-
ayeMLIx ,D;JIR BLinYCRa O,D;HHX H Tex me Ha,D;eJIHii H He Tpe6YlOII\HX nJIaBHOrO peryJIH-
pOBaHHR CROpOCTH. 3TH ,D;BHraTeJIH MomHO ROMnOHOBaTb TaRme C BapHaTopaMH paa-
JIH'IHOro THna, '!TO ,D;aeT BoaMomHOCTb oCYIl\eCTBJIRTb cTyneJI'qaTO-6eccTyneH'IaToe
peryJIHpOBaHHe CROpOCTH.
IIpoBOAhI C aJIeRTplPlecRoM peryJIBpoBaaHeM. B TaRHX npHBO,D;aX HcnOJIbay-
IOTCR 3JIeRTpO,D;BOraTeJIH paaJlH'IHLlX THnOB.
46
Ta6'//'uqa 2.1. O
O'lepB8'1Bbte llaonm... oreDJIoro DBTasB8 M1JT
J18 DepepaoOTKB pe8BBOBIoIX
cMeceii, B...DycRae.....e OTe'lecTBeBBIIIMB aaBO
alfD
TBD MamBRbI
32xS I 63XS 63xS 90XS
lfH
eKc MamRIIItI 512-1 512-3A 512-7 A 512-4A
'IepBIIK
ARaMeTp, MM 32 63 63 90
AJlua Bapes8BBoii
'IaCTH, MM . . 160 315 315 450
OTBOmeBRe L : D . 5 5 5 5
CTeDeHb C)I(aTRR 1: 2; 1: 2; 1: 2; 1 : 2;
1: 1,55 1: 1,48 1: 1,48 1: 1,48
'1aCTOTa Bpam;eBRJI,
06/MUB . . . . 20-100 20-100 25; 38; 23; 34;
50; 77- 45; 70
DPOR3BOARTeJlbHOCTb,
Kr 1'1 . . . . . . 10-20 40-140 40-140 120-330
3JJeKTpO
raTenb DPR-
BOAa
TUD . . . . . . n-42 n-62 A02-72-12/8/6/4 AO-82-12/8/6/4
MOIQBOCTb, KBT 4,5 14 4.5; 8.1; 10,4; 11 9,7; 14.6;
15.6; 21.5
'lac TOT a BpameBRR,
06/118B . . . . . 1500 1500 480; 710; 930; 480; 725;
1420 955; 1455
PeAYKTop . . . . . . . I.(AH-25-III-12,7; I.(AH-40-IV-18,5;
AH-40-IV-18,5t
i = 12,7 i = 18,5 i = 18,5
faGa pRTBble pa3MepLl, MM
AJIIIHa 1250 1850 1850 2100
mnpBBa 750 1100 1200 1500
BbtCOTa 1200 1410 1410 1650
Macca, T 1.1 2 1.6 2.3
47
,I( B H raT e JI H n 0 C TOR H H 0 rOT 0 K a. tJHCJIO 060pOTOB p;BHraTeJIeH
nOCTORHHoro TOKa aaBHCHT OT HanpRmeHHR 06MOTKH Bos6ymp;eHHR H HanpRmeHHR
Ba 1'IIwpe. ,I(JIR qepBR'IHLIX MamHH npHMeHRIOTCR mYHTOBLIe )J.BHraTeJIH nOCTORH-
Boro TOKa C p;HanaaOHOM peryJIHpOBaHHR qaCTOTLI Bpam;eHHR OT 1 : 3 p;o 1 : 5.
Hx npeHMym;ecTBo aaKJIIOqaeTCR B TOM, qTO OHH 06eCne'lHBaIOT nOCTORHHYIO, Beaa-
BHCHMyIO OT HarpyaKH qaCToTy Bpam;eHHR qepBRKa.
,I(BHraTeJIH nOCTORBHoro TOKa B COqeTaHHHC npe-
o 6 pas 0 BaT e JI R M H C H C T e M LI B a p P; - JI e 0 Hap P; 0 (M 0 TOp -
r e H e paT 0 p - MOT 0 p). 3TH npHBop;LI npHMeBRIOTCR, Korp;a Tpe6yeTcR
nJIaBHOe 6eccTyneH'IaToe peryJIHpOBaBHe qaCTOTLI Bpam;eHIDI B p;HanasOHe OT 1 : 10.
,I(BHraTeJIH nOCTORHBoro TOKa C 3JIeKTpOHBIo1M
per y JI H P 0 B a H HeM (JIaMnOBLIMH HJIH KpeMHeBLIMH BLInpRMHTeJIRMH-
THpaTpOHaMH). IlpIDfeBeHHe TaKHX BLInpRMHTeJIeH P;JIR HaMeHeBIDI BanpRmeHIDI
B CO'leTaHHH C myuTOBLIMH p;BHraTeJlJJMH, y KOTOpLIX BanpRmeHHe perYJIHpyeTcR
Ha RKope, npH 60JIl.mHx MOm;BOCTRX 3KOHOM:uqHO; qaCToTy Bpam;eBIIR p;BHraTeJIR
MO)lmO HSMeHRTb B p;HanaaOBe 1 : 100.
,I( B H raT e JI H n e p e M e H H 0 rOT 0 K a. IlpIDfeHRIOTCR KOpOTKO-
aaMKHyTLIe MOTOpLI co cTyneH'IaTLIM HaMeHeHHeM '1aCTOTLI Bpam;eBIIR nYTeM nepe-
RJIIO'IeHHR nOJIIOCOB. tJaCTOTY Bpam;eHHR TaKHX 3JIeKTpO,ll;BHraTeJIeii MomHO HS-
MeHRTb B p;HanaaOBe 1 : 4.
Pe,ll;yKTophI. Bo BceX qepBR'lHLIX MamHHax, BLInYCKaeMlolX OTeqeCTBeHBLlMH
saBop;aMH, P;JIR nOHHmeHHR qaCTOTLI Bpam;eHHR npHBop;Horo 3JIeKTpOp;BHraTeJIR p;o
qaCTOTLI Bpam;eHHR qepBRKa ynoTpe6JIRIOTCR pe)J.yRTopLI P;BYX TJlDOB: a) ropHSOH-
TaJIbHLIe
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enJIeHHeM HOBHKoBa ([(,I(H)
C nepep;aTO'lHLIM OTHomeBlleM OT 10 p;o 20, KOTopLIe pacnOJIaraIOTCR BHe Kopnyca
MamHHLI; 6) BepTHKaJIbBlole
HJIHHp;p:uqeCKHe P;ByxcTyneH'laTLIe C aa
enJIeHHeM
HOBHKoBa ([(,I(HB), BCTpoeHHLIe B Kopnyc MamHHLI,
DJIHBP;p KOTOpOH npHcoep;H-
HReTCR Top
eBLIM <pJIaH
eM K KOpnyCY pep;YKTopa. B 3TOM CJIyqae BLIXOP;HOH BaJI
pe)J.YKTopa p;eJIaeTCR nOJILIM H B Hero saxop;HT
an<pa qepBRKa.
3y6'1aTLIe KOJIeCa pep;YKTopa BLInOJIHRIOTCR HS CTaJIH 45X HJIH 45 H HMeIOT
KOCOH HJIH meBpoHHLIH ay6. ,I(JIR He60JIbmHX pep;YKTopOB npHMeHReTCR KapTepHaR
CMaaKa HJIH CMaaKa paa6pLIarHBaHHeM, P;JIR KpynHLIx peAYKTopOB - npHBYP;HTeJIb-
HaR CMaaKa OT Cnen;HaJIbHOrO MaCJIRHOrO Bacoca. B pRp;e MamHH npIDfeHReTCR
6JIOKHPOBO'lHOe YCTPOHCTBO, BLIKJIIO'IaIOm;ee npHBop;HOH 3JIeKTpop;BDraTeJIb B CJIY-
qae nepepLIBa B nocTynJIeBJIH CMaaKH B pep;YKTOp.
TeXHH'IeCKaR xapaKTepHCTHKa op;HO'lepBRqHLIX MamHH TenJIOrO nHTaHHR,
BLlDYCKaeMLIX OTe'leCTBeHHLIMH aaBop;aMH, npHBep;eHa B Ta6JI. 2.1. ¥ Bcex 3THX
lIfamllH p;aBJIeHHe napa P;JIR 060rpeBa paBHO 0,4-0,8 MIla, BOp;LI p;JIR OXJIamp;eHHR-
0,3-0,4 MIla, Boap;yxa p;JIR paCnLIJIeHHR TaJIbKa H KpenJIeHHR npo<pHJIHpyrom;eH
maii6bI - 0,6 MIla; npep;eJI perYJIHpOBaHHR Ter.mepaTypLI COCTaBJIReT (30-;-
-:- 140):!: 1 °C; peryJIHpOBaHHe TeMnepaTypLI rOJIOBKH - aBTOMaTH'IeCKOe,
H-
JIHHp;pa H qepBRKa - pY'lHoe npH nOMOm;H BeHTHJIeH.
2.4. ABYXLlEPBRLlHblE MAWHHbl
,I(JIR nepepa60TKH nop;orpeTbIx 0c.060
KeCTKHX pesHBoBLIx cMeceH Ha oCIlOBe
'<PTOpHCTLIX KayqyKoB H mnpH
eBaHHR peaHBoBLIX TeXlUl'leCKHX HSp;eJIHii B OTe-
'1eCTBeHHoH npOMLImJIeHHOCTH HHorp;a npHMeHRIOTcR MamJilJlLt C P;ByMR '1epBRKaMH,
pacnOJIOmeBBLIMH B BepTHKaJIbBOH nJIOCKOCTH, - MtJT-2-63. ,I(HallfeTp qepBRKOB
63 MM. PerYJIHpOBaBHe qaCTOTLI Bpam;eHHR '1epBRKOB 6eccTyneH'laTOe, OXJIamp;e-
HHe ocym;eCTBJIReTCR XOJIOP;HOH BOp;OH. PerYJIHpOBaBHe TeMnepaTypHoro pemBMa
rOJIOBKH - aBTOMaT:uqecKoe, I\1IJIHHp;pa H '1epBRKa - pyqHoe. TeMnepaTypa B ro-
JIOBKe saMepReTCR npH nOMOm;H TepMonapLI. MamlIBlo1 060PYP;YIOTCR cHCTeMOH
50
DSMepeHD1'I AaBJIeHH1'I B rOJIOBKe. HDme npDBO)J.HTC1'I TeXHD'IeCKa1'l XapaKTepDCTDKa
ABYX'IepBJI1IHLIX MamDH TenJIOrO nDTaHD1'I MtJT-2-63:
HB,lI;eKC MamRBbI
'IepBIIKR
TRO . . . .
'1RCJIO, lOT. ........
AUaMeTp, MIl . . . . . . . .
)J.JIRBa HapeaaBBOB '1aCTR, MM
OTBOmeBRe L: D . . . . . .
'1aCTOTa Bpam.eH1lIl, 06/MRB
060rpeB
DepBIAHLIii .......
pa601QlB . . . . . . . . .
Dpe,ll;eJl perYJIBpOBaBR1I TeMOepaTypbt,
o C ...............
3J1eKTpO,ll;BRraTeJIb
TRD . . . . . . . . . . .
MOIIlBOCTb, KBT .....
'1aCTOTa Bpam.eBRII, 06/MRB
PeAYKTOp ........
ra6apHTBLle paaMepLl, MIl
,lI;JJRBa .
mRpRBa
BLiCOTa
Macea, T
512502
QRJlRBAPR1J6CKRi
C marOM BapeaKR
32, 25, 20 MM R
rJIy6JfBOB BapeaKR
12 MIl
2
63
300
4.76
40
242011
ROH1l'leCKR-
U. HJlRB APR1JecKm'i
2
63
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3
5-23
DapOM ropJl'leii BO,ll;oii
roplJllei BO
OB
140 :t 1
D-62
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1500
TpexcTyoeB'laTLlB
cDeu.RaJIbBbtB
2040
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2000
1100
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2.5. LlEPBflLlHblE MAWHHbI XOnOAHOrO nHTAHHfI
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'IepB1'I'IHLIX MamBH 1'IBJI1'IeTC1'I cosAaHDe MaDIBH, He Tpe6yIOID;DX npeABapBTeJIbBOrO
nOAorpeBa nepepa6aTLIBaeMLIX peSDHOBLIX CMeceD. MamDBLI TenJIorO nDTaBll1'l
yme CeD'IaC BLITeCH1'IIOTC1'I 'IepB1'I'IHLIMD MamBHaMD XOJIO)J.Boro DBTaHBJI. 3T0 06'L1'IC-
H1'IeTC1'I p1'l)J.OM nplPlBH.
DOAaBaeMa1'l B MamBHY XOJIOAHa1'l peSBHOBa1'l CMeCb 60JIee OABopOAHa no iIJIac-
TB'lBOCTB B TeMnepaType, 'IeM CMeCb, pasorpeora1'l Ha BaJIb
ax. BJIarOAapJJ STOMY
nOJIyqeHBl>Ie mnpBD;OBaHHLIe sarOTOBKB DMeIOT 60JIee TO'lBI>Ie paSMepLI no cpaBHe-
HDIO C sarOTOBKaMB HS npe)J.BapHTeJIbHO pasorpeTOD CMeCB. DpB nepepa60TKe XO-
JI0ABI>IX peSDHOBLIX CMeceD 06JIer'laeTC1'I aBTOMaTBSa
B1'I nBTaHB1'I 'IepBJI1IHLIX
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ID;aIOTC1'I TpaBcnopTHLIe CHCTeMLI. KpOMe Toro, 'IepB1'I'IBaJJ MamBHa XOJIo)J.Boro
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CTBBe npemAeBpeMeHBOD nOABYJIKaHBsan;:nB.
B 'IepBJJ'IHOD MaDIBHe XOJIOAHOrO nHTaHD1'I peSBHa pasorpeBaeTC1'I B CaMOD:
MamBHe B pesyJIbTaTe YBeJIH'IeHB1'I AJIHHLI 'IepBJJRa B
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a npH YBeJID'IDBaIOII\eMCJI mare - npO'lHOCTb BDTKOB. BJlSKOCTb MaTepDaJIa TaKme
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p OTtlHAROI ABeptlR 3arpyao'lHoit BOpORtln; 10 - CTaRBRa.
O,D;HO'lepBJI'IHYIO MamOHY. Ha OCHOB8HBB 1 - M8CCHBHOH OTJIBBKe - CMOHTBPO-
B8HLI D,HJIBH,D;pbI H DO,D;mBDHHKH npBBO,D;HOH '1aCTH DJIaCTHKaTopa. KOPDYC MamBHbI
COCTOHT H3 Tpex OT,D;eJIbHbJX D,HJIHH,D;pOB B rOJIOBKH, COe.D;HHeHHbIX MeiR,D;y C060H
60JIT8l1fH Ha OpOKJI8AR8X. Bce D,BJIHll.D;phI H rOJIOBKa BhlnOJIHeHbI H3 CTaJIbHOrO
HTLB B nlClOT nOJIOCTB .D;JIJI DO.D;BO.D;a OXJIailt.D;8IO
eH BO,D;bI BJIB Dapa. BHYTpeHHHH
,D;BaMeTp D,BJIHU.D;p8 21 3arpY30'lHOH '1aCTB paBeH 600 MM. 38.D;HBH D,BJIHH.D;p 19
paCTO'leH Ha ,D;BaMeTp 550 lIfM B B Hero 3aopeCCOBaHa CTaJILHaJi rBJIb3a 18 (BuYTpeH-
HBD: ABaMeTp 500 MM, .D;.TIBH8 1060
m), HMeIOD.(8J1 BHYTPB Ha .D;JIHHe 400 MM JIeBYIO
pe3b6y. TBep,D;oCTb BHYTpeHHeH DOBepXHOCTH rB.TIL3bI HB 250-300. B Depe,D;HHH
HJIHH.D;p 16 3aDpeCCOB8Ha fHJIb38 15 B3 D,eHTpo6eiRHOfO CTaJIbHOro JIBTbB (BHYTpeH-
HBH ,D;H8MeTp 500 MM, .D;JIHHa 1067 MM). TBep,D;oCTb BHYTpeHHcH DOBCpXHOCTB
J'BJIb3bI HB 250-300.
rOJIOBKa 4 DJI8CTHK8Topa BbIOOJIHeHa D3 CTaJIbHOrO .JIHTbJl. <DJI8HeD, 5 (T8Kmc
H3 CTaJIbHOrO JIBTbJl) HMeeT pC3b6y H8 BHYTpeHHeH DOBepXHOCTB; B Hero BBepTM-
B8eTCJI rpaUYJIBpYlODtUD: D,BJIBH,D;p 7 B3 JICrBpOBaHHoH CTaJiB C 570 OTBepCTBJlMB
,AB8MeTpOM 14 MM, '1epe3 KOTopbIe DpO.D;aBJIHB8eTCJI IIJIaCTHD,HpOB8HHbID: K8Y'1yK.
nOBepxHocTb D,BJIHH,D;pa 3aKaJIBBaeTCJI .D;O TBep.D;OCTB HB 250-300 n a30TBpyeTcJI
lIa rJIy6Huy 0,8-0,9 MM. BOKpyr rp8HyJIBpYlO
ero D,HJIHH.D;P8 7 B KoplIyce B3
npoKaTa Bpa
aeTCJI pemy
ee YCTPOHCTBO C nJiTLIO 3aKpenJIeHHbIMR B HeM
57
2ii:i
:i l d
8&
iI:1D' '"
I",
!"'
I; .
;....ca ca :.:
i
iii
f5 O">EI
o 00'" "I:
r .. 0'
, ;,;t::
00 ;*
..1 oil!
i
@m;l
i5
:J
i18" ;,;
Ii I I :c..
2 "' j lll
::::: j :.:
11:....
"I",s:>.
>o;
!li.. 101 = I:;!;
f'
2g
I",o
;
...:C"'1:!o1ll
1:("0
..cu !!h:l
CIS <><;j'I>o=
:..<>o
:i!lt' I
2
I I::
gl::::t...
I>o",..;,;
iE...
:.:
8,;';ei Zi jJj
r
i
!!
,jj ,...gi'"
..:-:'1>0 .-
ID ..
Igj
O;J'sIOOI:!o
gj....OO
lot ,,=
.....g
>III 0&(; ..pI EI
41 11>o
=
I:r .. 1 11'.
f !
s::a.; 1:1..
=
:=I! I
i i l ii
-
ii! r l
..et:: !
J g r '" I g
« "'):I
s::a. Os"* ;;
.!i
._111
CIJ 1; <> "'I:!o
i ail!
CIJ 00 I
t'
'._&
1:10
... "-):I 0
g I:a
i
mf
"
c5 ! I
,f !g
i
,::"
'CTaJILHHMB BOmaMH, SaKaJIeBBLlMB P;O TBepp;OCTB HRC 60-65. Pemy ee YCTPOHCTBO
Bpa aeTCJI BMeCTe C '1epBJlKOM B KpeDBTCJI K BeMY BOceMLIO 60JITaMB p;BaMeTpOM
25 MM. KaY'lYK, BLIXOP;JI RH BS OTBepCTBH rpaBYJIBpyro erO I(IfJIBBp;pa 7, pemeTCJI
Bpa aIOIJJ;BMHCJI Boma fB Ba rpaHyJILI P;JIBBOH 20-25 MM, KOTopLle CCLlDaIOTCJI
liS Komyxa rpaBYJIBpYIO ero YCTpOHCTBa BBBS.
qepBJlK 14 DJIaCTBKaTopa, BLllIOJIBeBBLIH BS CTaJILBorO JIBTLJI, Bpa aeTCJI
B IfJIBBp;pe co CKOpOCTLIO 22,5 06/MJIJI (DoKaaaB OTp;eJILBO Ba pBC. 2.11). 3aaop
lIfeiI,p;y '1epBJlROM B rBJILaOH paBeB 0,8 MM. BBYTPB '1epBJlK paCTO'leB B BMeeT DO-
JIOCTL p;BaMeTpO f 152 MM P;JIJI DOp;a'lB oXJIamp;aIO eH BOP;LI BJIB Dapa. Ha Depep;-
BeM KOB e '1epBJlKa eCTL paCTO'lKa C pesL60H, B KOTOPYIO BBepTLlBaeTCJI coep;BBB-
TeJILBLIH mTyn;ep 13 (CM. pBC. 2.10) B Hacap;Ka 12. HaSBa'leBBe Bacap;KB - paBBO-
MepBO paCDpep;eJIJlTL DpOp;aBJIBBaeMLlH '1epea rOJIOBKY KaY'lyK DO BHyTpeHBeH
DOBepXHOCTB rpaHYJIBpYIO ero I(IfJIBHp;pa. BHYTPL Hacap;KB aaDpeCCOBaHa BTYJIKa
11 Ba MeKaHl'ITa; HapymHaJi 1I0BepxHocTL BTYJIKII 06paayeT OXJIamp;aIO Be KaHaJILI
;-
... ...
"'Ii>
135
PHG. 2.11. 'IepBJIK DJIaCTJlKaTOpa 20"/24":
, - aORa aU'P'Y8KB - OAH03aXOJUl3JI TJ)aneqeBAIWbRaJI peablla; 2 - aORa olipaGoTKB - TPeXa3XOJUl3JI DORY-
JCPyrJlas peabGa; 8 - aORa ynnOTHeHlfR - AsyxaaXOAHall TJ)aDBIleBA3JlbRall pe8bGa; 4 - paCTO'lKa DOlt aaca,lUQ';
Ii - tllJJaReq; 8 - OTBepcms DOli: Gom'hI I<peDnellllll; 1 - onepCTBJI DOA IDTBtTw.
B TeJIe HaCap;KB. HapymHLIH KOHe HaCap;KB, JlBJIJlIO BiiCJI ODOPOH '1epBJlKa, pa60-
TaeT B BLIHOCHOM DOp;mBDHBKe Ka'leHBJI 9 C BHYTpeHBBM p;BaMeTpOM 95 MM, Bapym-
HEoIM p;BaMeTpOM 240 MM II mBpl'IHOH 78 MM. npB MOHTame BLIBOCHOH DO,D;IIIBDHBR
OJImeB 6LITL O'leHL TO'lHO BLIBepeH DO OTHOmeHBIO K OCB '1epBJlKa BO Bs6emaBlle
>6LIcTporO HaHOCa B BOSHBKHOBeBBIO aap;BpOB B KopDyce DJIaCTBKaTOpa.
KOHe '1epBJlKa B SOHe aarpyaKB BMeeT 4>JIaBe 22 C aaTO'lKOH. 3TBM 4>JIaH eM
-qepBJlK DPB DOMO B p;eBJlTB 60JITOB p;BaMeTpOM 41 MM DpBcoep;BBeH R DpBBO,D;H0UY
Ba.JJy 25. Ha p;pyroM KOH e BaJIa Ha mDOHKe HacameHa Bep;OMaJi 60JILmaH meCTepHJI
27 DJIaCTBRaTopa. npBBOp;HOH BaJI (p;JIl'IHa 2844,8 MM, HapymHLlH P;RaMeTp 432
II 500 MM), BLIDOJIBeHHLlH Ba JIBTOH CTaJIB, pa60TaeT B p;nyx ODopmu pOJIBROBhIX
DOp;mBDHBRax. PaaMepLI DepBoro DO,D;IIIBDHBRa 29: BBYTpeBBBH p;BaMeTp 440 MM,
HapymHHH p;BaMeTp 660 MM, mRpBHa 152,4 MM; BToporo DOp;DmDHBKa 31 COOT-
BeTCTBeHHO: 508,0; 749,3 B 177,4 MM. OceBhIe YCl'IJIBJI BOCDpBHIIMaIOTCJI P;BOHm:.tM
ynopHLIM DOp;mBII1IBKOM 30, paCC'IBTaHHLIM Ha oceBoe YCBJIBe OT 1,59 p;o 1,84 MH.
nOBepXHOCTI> TpeHBJI Dop;mBDHBKa paBHa 4187 CM 2 B p;aBJIeHBe Ha DOBepXBOCTL -
4,33 Mna. Cpep;HJIJI '1aCTL Dop;mBDHBKa OXJIamp;aeTCJI BOp;OH. Pacxop; BO,D;hI 1300 JI/'1.
3arpyao'lHoe YCTPOHCTBO paSMe eHO Ha BepXHeM 4>JIaH e aarpyao'lHoro B-
JlRHp;pa 21 B COCTOBT BS HaDpaBJIJlIO BX B TOJIKaTeJIJI. Xop; TOJIKaTeJIJI 451 MM.
..!\aBJIeBBe cmaToro Boap;yxa B BJIHHp;pe - OT 0,55 p;o 0,65 Mna.
npBBOA DJIaCTl'IKaTOpa COCTOBT Ba CHHxpOBHoro 9JIeKTpOp;BBraTeJIJI (MO HOCTL
562 RBT, '1aCTOTa Bpa eHBJI 600 06/MBH), op;HocTyneB'laToro D;BJIBBp;pB'leCROrO
peAYRTopa C nepep;aTO'lHHM '1BCJIOM 600 : 122,14 B DpBBOP;HOH mecTepHB, pa-
60TaIO eH B nape c mecTepHeH 27 DJIaCTBRaTopa.
nJIaCTBRaTOp pa60TaeT CJIep;YIO BM 06paaoM. KBDa KaY'lyKa sarpymaeTcJI
eJIl'IKOM B aarpYSO'lHoe OKBO B TOJIKaTeJIeM DOp;aeTCJI B aarpyso'lHLlH I(IfJIBHP;p 21"
59
rp;e 3aXBaThlBaeTCJI BHTKaMH 'IepBJlKa H npOp;aBJIHBaeTCJI B 3ap;RHD: mlRp;p If!
(RapeaKa Ra BRYTpeRHeD: nOBepXROCTH JIHRp;pa 06ecne'lBBaeT 60JIee HHTeRCHBEUdD:
3aXBaT H npOp;aBJIHBaRHe KaY'IYKa). B nepep;HeM HJIHRp;pe 16 KayqYR HCDLlThlBaeT
MHorOKpaTRhle p;eq,opMa RH cp;BHra; OTClOp;a OR nepep;aBJIHBaeTCB Rape3KOD: 'IepBJlKa
'Iepe3 rOJIOBKy B rpaHyJJHPYlO Hii HJIHHP;p 7.
TeXRH'IeCK<lJl xapaKTepHCTHKa nJIaCTHKaTopa 20"/24" npHBOp;BTCJI RRme;
IT pOllaBO RTeJJbROCTb, Kr /'1
qepBHK
1JJJCJIO . . . . . . . .
8MeTp, MM . . . . . . .
'18CTOT8 Bp8D(eHllJl, 06/MHB
Pacxo,q
OXJI8)1(,u.aIOlIleii BOAbl, U3/'1
Ba DJiaCTUK8TOP . . . .
ua YDOpBblii: Do nDHBK
Ba aJ)el'TpO BUraTeJIb
D8pa, Kr/'1
cpe,u;uuii . . . . . . . .
B Te'leURe DepBoro 'I8Ca
BOa,D.YX8, MS/MUB . .
A8BJIeuoe, MITa
OXJIa)l(A81OIIleii BOALI .
n8pa ........
BOa,D.YX8 . . . . . . .
3JIeKTpoABRraTeJIb DpRBORa
THO. . . . . .
3200-3850
1
506-609
22,5
8.2
1,3
6,6
30
600
2.8
0.4
0.6
0.6
r86apRTHble paSMepbl, MM
,ltJIHBa .
mopDBa
BLlCOTa
. CuBXPOUBLlii sa-
KpLlTLli, OXJIa1IQ.ta-
eULlii BOAOii
562
6000
600
nUJIHBAPDtJecKBii
oABocTyneu'IaTblii;
t =600: 122
13 055
3860
2892
MOIIlBOCTb, KBT ........
B8DpJl)l(eBRe DHTaIO ro TOKa, B
'I8CTOTa BpalIleBRJI, 06/..uo
PeAYKTOp .............
'.
2.7.2. rpaHymnopbl
JIB nOBhlmeHBB npOB3BOABTeJIhHOCTB pe3BHocMeCBTeJIeD: B COKpa eHBJI npo-
p;OJImmeJIhROCTB CMemeHBJI He06xop;BMa BhlCOKaB CTeneHh MexaHH3a HH H aBTO-
MaTH3a RB TeXHOJIOrlflleCKRX npo eCCOB npOH3Bop;CTBa peaHHOBhlX CMeCeD:.
Ha CMeRY OTp;eJIhHLfM MamBHaM nepHOp;lf'IeCROro p;eD:CTBHJI npHXOp;JlT aBTO-
MaTH3HpOBaHHhle JIHRBH HenpephlBHoro p;eBCTBHJI. B 3THX YCJIOBHJlX 'IeTKaJl H TO'lHaJl
aBTOMaTlPIeCKaJl paaBeCKa H p;oaHpOBKa 3arpymaeMhlx B pe3BHOCMeCBTeJIh MaTe-
pHaJIOB, B TOM 'IHCJIe H KaYQYKOB, npH06peTaeT nepBOCTeneHHoe 3Ra'leRHe. Paape-
aaHBeKBn KayqYRa H nop;6op HaBeCOK JlBJIJlCTCJI O'leHh TPyp;oeMKOD: onepa BeB,
n03ToMy KBnhI KaY'lYKa DpeBpa alOT B rpaHYJIhf 06'.LeMOM 1-3 CMs, p;Ha-
MeTpOM 10-20 MM H P;JIHHOB 10-25 MM. B TaKOM BDp;e KaY'IyKH JIerKO nOAAa-
lOTCB pa3BecRe H p;03BpoBaRHlO. ,l(JIB rpaHYJIJI HH Kay'lyKoB c03p;aHhI Cne HaJIhHLIe
MamBHI.I - rpaHyJIJlTOphI, KOTophle npHRHMalOT nJIaCTH npoBaHBhlB KaY'lYJ\ B MaTO'l-
RYlO pe3HHoBYlO CMeCh H3 pe3HHO-CMeCJITeJIJI, p;OnOJIHBTL'JILHO o6pa6aTLIBalOT ee
JI BLInycKalOT B BHp;e rpan:YJI. ,
B COOTBeTCTBIIH C rOCT 11441-70, npep;ycMaTplIBaeTCJI BLInycK P;BYX THno-
pa3MepOB 'IepBJI'IRLIX MaroHH P;JIJI rpaHYJIR BH HK H peSBHOBLIX CMeeeD:. OTe'le-
CTBeHHLIe aaBop;hI B HaCTOJl ee BpeMJI H3rOTaBJIHBalOT '1eThlpe Mop;Rq,HKa B '1ep-
BJI'IHhlX rpaHyJIBTOpOB, TeXHH'IeCKaJl xapaKTepnCTlI'K3 KOTOphlX p;aHa B Ta6JI. 2.3.
60
Ta6Auqa 2.3. TeXBB'IeCRaJi xapanepBCTBRa OTe'leCTBeBBIIIX OABO'lepBJI'lBMX lIalDBH
AJlJI rpaayJlII
DR B peaBBoBblx clleceii
IIBA9KC . ... ..
npORSBO
HT9JIbBOCTb, Kr/'1
'IepBJlK
THO
.D;lIaMeTp, MM .
pa60'laJl .D;JIBBa, MM .
CTeDeBb C)I(aTHJI
qacToTa Bpa
eHnn, 06/MBH
perY
HpOBaHHe .
AaBJleBRe, Mna
BOAY AJIn OXJla)l(.D;ewrll
napa .D;J1H o60rpeBa
BosAyxa .
Cp9.D;aBi pacxo.D; Dapa
DOAbI, M3/'1 . .
napa, Rf/'1
BOa,ltyxa, Kr/'1
3J1eRTpOABHraTeJlU
DpUBO.D;a
if Tun
. h " !/MO
OCTb, RBT
'1aCTOTa BpalIleBUJI, 06/MHB
BeBTRJIRTOpa 8JIeRTpO.D;Bura-
reJlJl DpHBOAa
1'JIII
'IBM 0
MOIIlHOCTb, RBT .
'1aCTOTa Bp
eBIDI, 06/MUB
Bacoca CMaaKIl pe.D;yKTOpa
MO
HOCTb, KBT . . .
1JaCTOTa Bpa
eBIDI, 06/MHB
pemy
ero YCTpOBCTBa
THO
MO
OCTb, KBT .
'1aCTOTaBp
eHUJI,06/MBB
rH,O;paBJllfIIecKBit y&HBepcaJIbBLIB
peAYKTOp CKOpOCTII . .
Pe.D;YKTOp DpHBO.D;a
TBD
DepeAaTO'lBOe '1UCJJO
ra6apUTHLle paaMepbl, MM
AJIlIBa
mRplIBa
BblCOTa
Macca, T
'tJepBII'ISa:l lIIamnna
125-5 0 rpauYJlnpy-
IOlIIell rOJlOBKott
rrpnBO
npnBoA
rrOCTOIIH- rrepclllcu-
Boro TOKa Boro TOKa
'tJepBII'IBall MalllBBa 380/450-4
C rpauYJrHPY-
JOlIlcit
rOJlOBKoit
o «!JHJfbTpo-
DaJII,no-rpa-
HYJIHPYlOwcl1
rOJIOBKOA
o I!JUJlbTPo-
Ba.'1bBO-JlBCTO-
na Jlb1foli
rOJlOlJlloB
512-6 512-9 5t1026 511026 5t1027
100-300 100-300 3000-5000 1500-3200 1500-3000
nOJlJUlAPlfIIecRui,
.D;ByxaaXo,lOl8H
peab6a C DOCTO-
JlBBLIM marOM
125 125
625 625
1.51 1.51
14-70 23; 34;
45; 70
BeccTY- CTyueH-
DelfllaToe '1aTOe
0,3-0.4 0.3-0.4
0.3-0.4 0,3-0,4
1I-91 AO-94
32 12/8/6/4
fOoo 480
730;
970; 1470
n.nH-40-18
30 30
2300 2300
1250 1250
1400 1400
3.36 4,91
KOBYCHblH, O,lOloaaXOAHaJI pesb6a
C nepeMeBBblM marOM
380/450
1330
2,0
25
0.4
0,7
0.6
5,5
20
2.8
320
750
2
t.1
1500
2,8
1420
A02-51-6
5,5
940
380/450
1680
2.0
25
BeccTyneB'IaTOe
0.4
0,7
0.6-
5,5
20
2,8
CAP 3-14-36-8
320
750
AOJI-2-21-4
2
1,1
1500
2.8
1420
A02-51-6
5.5
940
380/450
1680
2,0
25
0.4
0.7
0,6
5.5
20
2,8
320
750
2
1,1
1500
2.8
1420
A02-51-6
5.5
940
'YPC-5AB-2 'YPC-5AB-2 'YPC-5AB-2'
30
8435
3600
3205
39,965
CneI\uaJIbBbIU
30
9055
3600
3200
43.71
30
8375
3600
3200
42.67
O,n;HO'lepBH'IHLIH rpaJIYJIRTOp 380/450-4, BLIDycKaeMLIH cepuiiHo saBo,n;OM
«BOJIbmeBBK», ,n;JIH rpaHYJIH BB DJIaCTB11;BpOBaHHoro KayqyKa B MaTO'lHLIX pesB-
HOBLIX CMeceH DOKasaH Ha pBC. 2.12.
Ha o6 eH paMe 1, YCTaHOBJIeHO OCHOBaHBe 2, Ha KOTOpOM KpeDHTCH ,n;Ba D;BJIBH-
Apa 3 B 4, BLIDOJIHeHHLIe BS CTaJIbHOrO JIBTbH. B KopDycax D;JIJIBHAPOB BMeIOTCH
DOJIOCTB ,n;JIH oXJIam,n;aIO eH BO,n;LI BJIB Dapa. BHyrpB D;JIJIBH,n;pa 4 saDpeCCOBaHa
rBJIbSa 5 BS CDeD;BaJIbHOH CTaJIB 40X BJIB 38XMIOA (TBep,n;oCTb BHYTpeHHeH DOBep-
XHOCTB - He MeHee HRC 55). qepBHK 6 B sarpyso'lHOH 'IaCTB BMeeT KOHU'IeC-
KyIO 4>OPMY C HapymHLIMB ,n;BaMeTpaMH pesb6LI 450 B 380 MM B D;BJIBH,n;pB'IeCKYIO
-4>oPMY ABaMeTpOM 380 MM (B D;BJIBH,n;pe 4). Pesb6a '1epBHKa o,n;Hosaxo,n;HaH C yMeHb-
maIO BMCH marOM, BCJIe,n;CTBBe 'Iero ,n;aBJIeHBe o6pa6aTLIBaeMoH CMeCB DOBLIma-
eTCH DO Mepe DpB6JIumeHHH K rOJIOBKe rpaHYJIHTopa. qepBHK BLIDOJIHeH BS CTaJIH
45JIll; TBep,n;OCTL ero DOBepXHOCTB Ha 5-10 e,lJ;BHUD; BLIIDe TBep,n;OCTB CTeHKB rBJIbSLI.
Tpe6HB BUTKOB BMeIOT HaDJIaBKy us TBep,n;oro CDJIaBa C TBep,n;OCTbIO HRC 60. 3asop
Meat,n;y BBTKaMB pesb6LI B DOBepXHOCTbIO rBJIbSLI 0,45 MM.
BHYTPB '1epBHKa BMeeTCH paCTO'leHHaH DOJIOCTb ,n;JIH OXJIam,n;aIO eH BO,lJ;Ll.
XBOCTOBaH D;aD4>a 'IepBHKa BXO,lJ;BT B pacTo'lKy BaJIa 21 pe,n;YRTopa B coe,n;BHeHa C HBM
p;ByMH DpBSMaTlJ1IeCKBMH mDOHKaMB. BaJI 21 pa60TaeT B ,n;BYXpH,n;HLIX c4>eplJ1leCKBX
pOJIlIKOBLIX ODOpHLIX Do,n;IDHDHBKax 20 B 24. OceBoe YCBJIBe BOCDpJIHBMaeTCH yDOp-
HLIM Do,n;mBDHBKOM 22, paCC'lBTaHHLIM Ha 2,5 MH. Ha BaJIY 21 DocameHa Be,n;OMaH
DpBpOABaH mecTepHH pe)J;yRTopa. K DepeABeMy KOHD;y '1epBHKa Ha pesb6e KpeDBTcH
:uaca,n;Ka 16, paBHoMepHo pacDpe,n;eJIHIO aH o6pa6aTLIBaeMLIH MaTepBaJI DO DOsePX-
1I0CTB rpaHYJIBpyro eH pemeTKR 15. 3asop Mem,n;y TOpD;OM Haca,n;KB B rpaHYJIRpy-
IO eH pemeTKoH 1,8 MM.
K TOPD;y DepeABero D;JIJIBH,n;pa 4 Ha 60JITaX DpBcoe,n;JIHeHa rOJIOBKa 17 rpaHY-
,JIHTOpa, K KOTOpOH Ha mapHBpe DpBKpeDJIeH DOBOpOTHLIH RpOBJDTeHH 11 BS CTaJIb-
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nOTpe6J1J1eMYIO lIepBJllIHOH MamBHoH, MOa<HO paCClIBTaTb, nOJIb3YJlCb pJl]J;OM ypaBHe-
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(HaJIJI6pa) B 3HallBTeJIbHOH CTeneHB onpeAeJIJleTCJI npaBBJIbHOCTblO BbI60pa TeMne-
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B OTetJeCTBeHUhIX MamllHaX TeMnepaTypa rOJIOBKII perYJIllpyeTcJI aBTOMaTII-
qeCKII B npe)l;eJIax 30-140 °C C TO'IHOCTblO)I;O :!:1 °C, Kopnyca II tJepBJlKa - Bpyq-
HYIO npll nOMO 1I BeHTIIJIeii. B KatJeCTBe npllMepa Ha pllC. 2.21 npllBe)l;eHa cxeMa
perYJIllpOBaHIIJI TeMnepaTyphI tJepBJI'IHOii MaWIIHhI C KaMepHoii rOJIOBKOE.
B nOCJIe)l;Hee BpeMJI HarpeB B 'IepBJltJHhIX MamllHax, oc06eHHo B MaWHuax
XOJIO)l;HOrO nHTaHBJI II MamllHax C BaKYYM-OTCOCOM, npOBSBO)l;lITCJI nO)l;atJeii ropJltJeii
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PerYJIBpOBaHHe TeA<mepaTypbI HarpeBa B OXJIamAeHBJI OC eCTBJIJleTCJI nYTe 1
paS6aBJIeHBJI ropJltJeii BOAhI XOJIO)l;Hoii, nocTynaIO eii tJepes aBTOMaTBtJeCKnD:
3JIeKTpOMarHBTHhIii KJIanaH. rOpJl1JaJl BO)l;a npllrOTaBJIBBaeTCJI B HarpeBaTeJIJlX,
060rpeBaeMhIX OCTpbJM napOM BJIII 3JIeKTpFIeCTBOM.
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HTe TenJIOBOrO KOHTpOJIJI II aBTOMaTIIKB. ,AJIJI HeKOTopbIX MaWBH npllMeHJleTCJI
3JIeKTpOHarpeB KaK rOJIOBKII, TaK B Kopnyca, nO)l;OOHO HarpeBY MaWIIH )l;JIJI nepe-
pa60TKII nJIaCTMacc.
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2.10. BCnOMOrATERbHblE YCTPoACTBA
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pe3HHoH H oToopa wnpH OBaHHblX H3AenHH
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HOBOii CMeCblO B BlI)I;e peSHHOBbIX JIeHT, cpesaeMhIX HOil<aMB C nO)l;OrpeBaTeJIbHbIX
BaJIb OB. IDBpBHa JIeHTbI perYJIBpYeTCJI B SaBBCJlMOCTH OT paCXO)l;a peSBBhI. He-
paBHOMepHoe nllTaHBe (no KOJIFIeCTBY BJIII TeMDepaType pesBBbI) Be)l;eT K IISMeHe-
HBIO paSMepOB DpOcPBJIllpyeMbIx sarOTOBOK. ITIITallBe pesBHoBoii CMeCblO tJepBJltJ-
IIbIX MamllH XOJIO)l;HOrO nBTaHBJI MomeT npOBSBOABTbCJI B BR)I;e JIeHTh! BJIII rpaHyJI.
JIeHTa nocTyDaeT C nBTaTeJIJI 6apa6aHHoro TBna - KaTymRB, rpaHYJIhI - liS
BB6ponBTaTeJIJI.
COBpeMeHHhIe tJepBJltJHbIe MaWIIHhI cHa6i1<alOTCJI arperaTHbIMB YCTaHoBKaMB
)l;JIJI oT60pa mnpB OBaHHbIX sarOTOBOK. CltOpOCTb DpBeMBoro TpaBCnOpTepa Ha-
CTpaBBaeTCJI no CKOpOCTII BbIxoAa BaB60JIee 6bICTpO wDplUl;yeMoii tJaCTB sarOTOBKH
(HaDpIlMep, cpeAHeii tJaCTB DpoTeKTopa); CKOpOCTb TpaBcnopTepa AOJI$Ha HeCKOJIbKO
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"muBbI U IDUpllBbI npocPuJlllpyeMbIx lISAeJllIii.
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B KOTOpbIii no Tpy6e DO)l; CJIoii TaJIbKa BBOAIITCJI CiI,aTbIii BOS)I;YX nO)l; )l;aBJIeHHeM
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naeT BByTPb )l;OpBa II 1Jepes paCnbIJIIITeJIb nO)l;aeTCJI BHYTPb PYKaBa. TaKoii cnocoo
onYApBBaHIIJI HeYAo6eH TeM, tJTO )l;JIJI 06eCne1JeHUJI HenpepblBHoii pa60TbI npll-
XOAIITCJI YCTaHaBJlIIBaTL )l;Ba annapaTa. Ror)l;a O)l;UH BS HDX HaXO)l;lITCJI B pa60Te,
APyroii nepeS8pJlil<aeTCJI.
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TaJIbKa. IToCJIe)l;HBii nocTynaeT B IIH)KeK HCBHoe YCTpoiJc.TJlO DS 6YHKepa 1Jepes
BII6pODIITaTeJIb, BBiI'eKTRpyeTcJI cmaThIM BOS)I;YXOltf, CMemllBaeTCJI C HBM II Hanpa-
BJIJleTCJI BBYTPb pYKan8. nO)l;06HbIe annapaThI 06ecnetJIIBalOT HenpepbIBHyIO pa60TY
71
MamBHLI 6es pesepBHLIX YCTaHOBOK, HO TaJIbK AOJDReH 6ldTb xopomo npocymeHHLIM
B HeKoMKyIOm;BMCJI. tlT061d TaJIbK He KOMKOBaJICJI ero npeABapDTeJIbHO npoceBBaIOT
D nOAorpeBaIOT. nOAorpeB OCYlI\eCTBJIJleTCJI B 6YHKepe 9JIeKTpOCnBpaJIJlMD.
2.10.3. 060PY AOBaHHe AnR oT6opa, OXna>KAeHHR
H CYWKH rpaHyn KaYLlYKa H MaTOLlHblX cMeceA
060pYAoBaHBe AJIJI oT60pa, OXJIamAeHBJI B cymKD rpaHYJI KaytIYKa B MaTOtIHLIX
peSBHOBIdX CMeceH 06LItIHO BCnOJIbsyeTcJI B COCTaBe nOTOtIHbIX JIBHBH DJIB COOTBeT-
CTBYIOm;BX yCTaHOBOK. )J.JIJI OXJIamAeHDJI B cymKB rpaHYJI BCnOJIbSYIOT Bpam;a-
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B peSHHOBIdX npOHSBOACTBaX npBMeHJlIOTCJI 6apa6aHLI aaBoAa «npOrpecc».
3TH 6apa6aHbI He 06eCnetIHBaIOT He06xOABMoii CTeneHH npocymRB, n09ToMY B Ba-
CTOJl ee BpeMJI OHB SaMeHJlIOTCJI 6apa6aHufB, paspa60TaHBldMH HHKTH, KOTopLIe
BMeIOT AOnOJIHHTeJIbHlde nepeMemBBaIO Be pe6pa B 06eCnetIBBaIOT AOJImBYIO CTe-
neHL oXJIamAeHHJI H npocynnm rpaHYJI. CxeMa YCTaHoBKB oXJIamAaIO ero 6apa6aBa
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npoTeKTopoB liS ABYX peslIB Ball60JIee 1IaCTO nplDfeBJlIOTCJI ABe 1IepBlABHe MaIIIBBH
3, 5, YCTaBOB.JIeBBHe OABa npoTIIB APyroB (pIIC. 2.23), B aTOM CJIytlae 1IepBJlRII
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cIIYH1l.aMeHTHoii nJIHTe C BaJIb aMB. Ha BLIXO;IJ;HOB BaJI 17 pe;IJ;yRTopa HacameHa
MaJIaR Bep:ym;aR mecTepHR 18, HaXO;IJ;Rm;aRCR B sa enJIeHmI C 60JIbmOB Be1l.0MOH
npBBO)];HOH mecTepHeii 14, HacameBHoH Ha meBKY Sa;IJ;HerO BaJIRa. qepea 8TY napy
mecTepeH H npHBO)];HTCR B ABlliI,eHBe aaAHd BaJIOK BaJIb OB. llepeABBH me BaJIOK
nOJIYllaeT 1l.BHmeHHe lIepea napy TaK Ha3LIBaeMLIX <}IpHK OHHLIX meCTepeH 12.
Bcc meCTepHH 3aKpLITY KomyxaMII 22 U 23. l101l.mHnHHRB BaJIKOB CMaSLIBalOTCR
rycToB CMaSKOH npH nOMOm;U pYllHoro Bacoca 27 THna HPr, pacnOJIOmeHHOro
co CTOpOHLI aa1l.HerO BaJIKa.
B8JIb LI cHa6meHLI YCTPOHCTBOM AJIR aBapHHHoro OCTaHOBa. OHO BLInOJIHeSO
B BHp:e ,ItBYX mTaHr 26, pacnOJIOmeBHLIx napaJIJleJIbBO 06pasYIOm;BM BaJIKOB sa
BLICOTe 1200 MM OT YPOBHa nOJla. llpH HamaTmI Ha mTaHry KOB ee lIepea CIf-
CTer.ry pLIlIarOB ;IJ;enCTBYIOT Ha BLIKJIlOlIaT9JIU, yRpeDJIeHHLIe Ha TpaBepcax BaJlb OB,
KOTopLIe npeKpam;alOT nO;IJ;allY TOKa K 8JIeKTp01l.BllraTeJlIO npHBO;IJ;a. OABOBpeMeHBO
BLIKJIIO'IaeTCR ::meKTpOMarHBT KOJIO;IJ;OllHOrO TopMosa 20 Ha BaJIY 8JIeKTpO;IJ;BllraTeJIR,
If TOpM03 (no)]; p:eHcTBHeM npymHHLI HJIH rpysa) aamUMaeT TOPM03BOH mKIIB.
B COOTBeTCTBHH C ;IJ;eiiCTByrom;BMB HopMaTDBaMD: no TeXBJlKe 6esonaCHotTD
anapHBHLIH BLIKJIlO1I8TeJIb p:OJImeH 06eCnellHTb 6esonacHYlO pa60TY Ha BaJIL ax.
llpu HesarpymeHHLIx BaJIb aX nYTb TopMomeHUR He ;IJ;OJImeH npeBLImaTb 1/. 060-
pOTa nepC)];HerO BaJIKa, HallHHaa C MOMeHTa HamaTHR Ha aBapHDHLIH BLIKJIlOlIaTeJIb.
llpn HarpymeHHLIx BaJIL aX CHCTeMa TopMomeHIDI AOJImHa 06eCnellHTb npaKTB-
'leCI\H MrnOBeHHYIO OCTaHOBKY BaJIKOB. B COBpeMeHHLIX BaJIb aX npu aBapHHHOM
TopMomeHHH nepep:HHB BaJIOK aBTOMaTJI1IeCKH OTO;IJ;BllraeTCR OT saABero, YBeJIH-
lIHBaa Ter.r caMLIM sasop Meil{;IJ;y HHMJI.
llpH 06pa60TRe MaTepHaJlOB Ha BaJIb aX BLI;IJ;eJIJleTCR 60JIbmOe KOJIJI1IeCTBO
TenJIa, BaJIKB H MaTepHaJI HarpeBalOTCR. )l.JIR OTBO;IJ;a 06pasYIOm;erOCR TenJIa D: OX-
JIail\;IJ;eHHa MaTepHaJIa H BaJIKOB nOCJIe;IJ;HBe HSrOTaBJIUBalOT nOJlLIMB. BHyrpeHHRR
nOBepXHOCTb BaJIKOB npOTa'lHBaeTCR II B nOJlOCTD: BaJlKOB no Tpy6e 24 lIepes <}Iop-
84
.
CYHKII nO)J;aeTCR BO)J;a, KOTOpaR OMLIBaeT BHyrpcHH1010 nOBepXHOCrb BaJIKOB, OX-
JIam)J;aeT IIX, II HenpepLIBHO CJIIIBaeTCR lIepea BOpOHKy B KOpLITO 25. llpll BaJIH1JIIII
BaJiKOBLIX nO)J;mllnHIIIWB CKOJIbmeHIIR B IIX Kopnyca TOiRe nO)J;aeTCR BO)J;a )J;JlR
,0XJlaiR)J;eHIIR.
3.2.1. OCHoBHble "I acTIo' H ysnbl
ct>yu)J;8MeBTB8R DJIIIT8 RBJlReTCR OCHOBaHlleM BeeH MamllHLI II BLInOJlHReTCR
B BRJl:e MaCCIIBHOH OTJIIIBKII (113 lIyrYHa MapKII Cq 15-32) YCBJIeHHOH pe6paMII
meCTKOCTH.
AJiR 3JWHOMRR lIepHLIX MeTaJlJlOB R CHlliI\eHRR TPY;IJ.OBLIX aaTpaT Ha OTelle-
CTBeHHLIX aaBO)J;ax <JIYH)J;aMeHTHLIe nJlIITLI BaJlb
OB C 601lKaMH BaJiKOB )J;JJIIHOH 800 MM
H 6o
ee HallaJlII IIsrOTaB.1JRBaTb Ra meJlea06eTOHa. TaKaR nJlIITa ;IJ.JIR CMeCRTeJlbHLIX
;Nl
J
. 2880
!
/2"0 z0,5
1045 r 1J.5
""
ilL
I I
8"/161108
I !
5
J Il
z
II
. I
321,0
"
5L-
PDC' 3.6. meJle806eTOBBaJi <)YB,u;aM8BTBaJi DJIDT8 BaJlb
OB:
1 - !lnaTBKn; , - C'J'aHallW AnI! .pyHAallleHTIIWX GonTOB; 8 - lIe'l'JIH AJIJI DOA'l>ella DJJBTbI; . - ICapHac. 11-
apllrlaTypa.
550
BaJlb
OB CM 800 550 nOKaa3Ha Ha pRC. 3.6. OHa BLInOJJHeHa 113 6eTOHa MapJ\H 400
C KapK8COM lIa apMaTypnoH CTaJiH ;IJ.RaMeTpOM 20 MM. Macca apMaTypLI (KapKaca)
COCTaBJIReT Bcero 10-12% OT MaCChI nJiRTLI. ,D;JlR KpcnJIeHDR CTaHRHLI, pe)J;YKTopa
II 3JIeKTpO)J;BRraTeJlR B iKeJJea06eTOHHYro nJIIITY BMOHTRpOBaHLI 06pa6oTaHHLIe
nJIaCTHHLI - nJIaTRKII 1, npHBapenHLIe J( OCHOBHOH apMaType. B MeCTe npoxo)J;a
If onRpaHHR <JIYH)J;aMeHTHLIx 60JITOB B nJIRTe RMelOTCR CTaKaHLI 2 RS CT3. Macca
YH)J;aMe.THoH nJIIITLI R3 lIyrYHa Cq 15-32 BaJlh
OB, )J;JIHBa 60QeK BaJiKOB KOTOpLIX
..
paBHa 2130 MM, C HH.u;HB yanLHMM npUBo.u;OM COCTaBnReT 3500 Kr, a Macca iKe-
nes06eTOHHoii IIJIJlTM BanL OB C .u;nDBoii 601leK BanKOB BOO MM - 3400 Kr.
CTaBBBa BaJlb OB OTnHBaeTCR liS CTanH MapKII 45JIII II mteeT meCTKyIO KOB-
CTpyK HIO, COCTOJU ylO lIS .u;BYX lIacTeii: C06CTBeHHO CTaHHHLI II TpaBepCLI (BepXBRR'
lIacTL). 1l0cne.u;HRR nnOTHO, B saMOK, coe,IJ;mlReTCR co CTaRHHoi 60nTaMB. HanB1l1le
sasopa B SaMRe He .u;onYCKaeTCR. Macca CTaHHBLI (c TpaBepcoB) 800-1350 Kr.
IIpOllHOCTL CTaHHBLI .u;onmHa 6LITL .u;ocTaTOllHOB .u;nJl BOCnpBRTIIJI paCIIopHLIX
YCBnUD:, BOSHJD(alOII\UX IIPII pa60Te BaJIL OB. BaJIL LI C BanRaMII .u;nDBOD:. 2130 MM
paCClIBTaHLI Ha MaKCmraJILHOe pacnopHoe YCllnHe 14 KH Ha 1 CM .u;nDBLI paoolleii
lIaCTB BanKa.
C IIORBJIeHBeM HOBLIX BB.u;OB meCTKDX RayqYROB BospocnB pacnopHLIe YCBnIDI
npll IIX oopa60TKe B nOTpe60BanocL Cos.u;8HBe oonee MOII\HLIX BaJIL OB. HDma
npllBe.u;eHLI pacnopmae YCllnBJl (MH/M), BOSHJD(alOII\Ue npB 06pa60TKe Ha BanL ax
paaJIB1IBLIX cMecei:
CMeCB Ba OCBOBe KaY'lYKa CKH
Dpll JIIICTOBaBRH ............... 15
DPII Do orpeBe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 28
CHeclI sa OCBOBe KaY'lYKa CKcJ) DPB JIIICTOBaBIIB 18
CM6CU pesHBo06YBBLle (DO TeXBB'I6CKRM Tpe60BaBBJIII
HHHP) ..................... 12-18
BaJDQI RBnJIIOTCR OCHOBHLIMH pa601lllMJI .u;eTaJIRMII BanL OB, HeIIocpe.u;CTBeHHO'
COIIpJD(aCalO BMIICR C 06pa6aTLIBaeMLIM MaTepllanoM. OT KalleCTBa IIX IISrOTOBJIeBJIJI,
npo'IHocTB, npaBllnLHocTD YCTalloBRII D aKcnnyaTa 1I saBBCDT pa60Ta BOOB ManmBLI
II TeXHOJIOrUlIeCKlle CBOD:CTBa o6pa6oTaJlBMX KayqYKa DnB pesDBOBMx CMeCeD:.
KaK YRasLIBanocL BLIme, BaJIKII BocnpDBIIMalOT 60nLmue pacnopBJile YCllnBR,
B n03ToMy .u;OJImHLI 06na.u;aTL .u;oCTaTO'IHoi npOllHOCTLIO BO Hs6emaHlle BX IIpOfB6a
IInll IIonOMKU. OHII OTnHBalOTCR B KOKHJIb lIS lIyryua MapKII CtI 15-32. TonII\DBa
HapymHoro oT6eJIeHHOrO cnOR, 06pasyeMoro npll JIIITLe Ha nOBepXHOCTII 60'tJKII
06pa60TauHoro BanKa, paBHa 8-25 MM (IIpD .u;IiIaMeTpe MeHee 400 MM - OT 8
.u;o 20 MM, npll ,IJ;BaMeTpe 60JIee 400 MM - OT 10 .u;o 25 MM). TBep.u;oCTL 3Toro CHOR
.u;omRHa OLITL (no rOCT 14333-69) B npe.u;enax HRC 50-55.
IIocne OTJlBBKB BaJlOK 00pa6aTLIBaeTcR Ha CTaHRe; nOBepXHOCTL 601lKB BanKS
mnBlilyeTcR, a BHyTpeHHRR IIonOCTb paCTallBBaeTCR. DIepOXOBaTOCTL nOBepXHOCTD
001leK BanKOB cornaCHO rOCT 2789-59 .u;OJlmHa 6MTL He Hllme 6-ro Rnacca 1111-
CTOTLI ,IJ;JllI .u;P06BJILHLIX BanL OB II He HBme 8-ro Knacca 1I11CTOTH .u;JIR OCTanLBLIX
BaJIL OB.
IIOBepXHOCTL 601lKII BanK8 Y 60nLmDBCTBa BanL OB nDB.u;pH1JeCK3JI, rJIa.u;-
KaR. BaJlKII pa4lBBupyroII(UX BaJlL OB IIMelOT 001lKo06paSHYIO IIOBepXHOCTL (60M-
6BPOBKY), BHnyKJlOCTL nepe.u;Hero BanKa .u;BaMeTpOM 490 MM .u;OCTuraer 0,15 MM,
a8.u;Hero BaJlKa .u;uaMeTpOM 610 - COCTaBJllIeT 0,075 MM.
IIoBepxHocTL 601lKU BaJlKOB .u;poollnLHLIx IiI npoMLIBHLIX B8JIL OB pulilneHaR.
llHor.u;a IIoBepxHocTL 601lKII sa.u;Hero BanRa no.u;orpeBaTeJlbHhIX BanL oB, npe.u;-
HaSHalleHHLlX .u;nR 06pa60TKII meCTKux cMeceii, TaKme .u;enalOT pB<}IJIeHoii. Pu4IJleHlle
HaHOCHTCR no.u; yrnaMB 4-15 0 K npO,IJ;OJlLHOii OCH BaJIKa. B SaBHCBMOCTB OT TUIIS
BanL OB MorYT DSMeHRTLCR BhICOTa B IIp04lllJIL p:e4l0B; OHD MoryT OI>ITL O)JUBaKO-
BbtMB HJlII paaHLIMII y nepe.u;Hero II saAHero BaJlKOB.
nOBepxHocTL 60'tJKII BanKa .u;onmH8 6mL YCTOUlIDBOU npOTIIB HCTupaHUR
II He .u;e<}lopMBpOBaTLCR npll cpesaHUB pesuHLI CT8nLHLIMH HOil\8MH. B CJI ae
USRoca HapymHoii, saKaneHHoi nOBepXHOCTII 001lKII ee MomHO mJIBlil0BaTL, nOK8
CHJrMaeMhIii IIPII mJIu<}loBKe CJlOD: Haxo.u;UTCR B SOHe oT6eJIeHHOrO yrYHa.
Ha pllC. 3.7 nOKasaHa KOHCTPYK UR nepeAHero II S8,IJ;HerO BanKOB Banl> OB,.
a B Ta6n. 3.1 IIpBBe)J;enbI paSMepLI BanKOB BaJlb OB HCKOTOpLIX TunOB.
* 3 ecb II aJIee DO JIBBoi BaJIKOB DOBIIMaeTCJI JIBBa 60'leK BaJIKOB.
!:II:!
Ta6.culJa 3.1. Pa3Mepw BaJIROB pe3RBo06pa6aTwBalO BX BaJI" OB (B IIJ();
603Ra'leBBn pa3HepoB asw Ba pRC. 3.7.
LID
I D, DII DII D.I L. I L. I LII L.I L. I L.I L, I Lei Bit I B. I '.
ITepeAssB BaJJOI
gOO 490:!: 0.5 320 260 270 290 1940 900 270 325 480 310 60 244 -I......
800 550 :!: 0,5 320 260 31 0 290 1940 900 270 325 480 310 60 244 -J '-'
1500 660 :!: 0.2 400 340 420 358 2725 1550 338 355 H2O 350 80 320 -1-
2100 660 :!: 0.2 400 340 420 350 3325 2180 310 355 1720 350 80 320 - -
3a SItB SaJIOK
800 610 :!: 0.5 320 260 370 260 2395 900 270 325 480 310 340 335 60 244 60 244
800 55O:!: 0.5 320 260 310 260 2395 900 270 325 480 310 340 335 60 244 60 244
1500 660 :!: 0.2 400 340 420 340 3095 1550 338 355 H2O 350 285 280 80 320 80 320
2too 660 :!: 0,2 400 340 420 340 3695 2180 310 355 1720 350 285 280 80 320 80 320
B pH;IJ;e ROHCTPYKD;UB JIa60paTOpHL1X BaJILD;oB ;IJ;JIH 06eCDe1feHlIH JIycDDero,
oXJIam;IJ;eHHH BaJIKa II DpH;IJ;aBDH eMY 60JILmeH Dp01fHOCTII DpRMeHHIDTCH BaJIRB,
HSrOTOBJIeHHlde DS CTaJIB 40XHMA, 40X IIJIH 20X c SaRaJIeHHOH IIOBepXHOCTLIO
601J:KH ;IJ;O TBep;lJ;oCTU HRC 56-62.
'-,
'-2
Bail II /"" L
II-II
"
t,
a
L,
BliO 6
'
6
PRC, 3.7. 'IYryBBLle BaJ1KR BaJ1b OB:
o - aanRDA BaJlOIC; 6 - De()eAIIIII BIIJIOIC. Pa3MepbI npBneAeuu B TaGJI. 3.1.
OXJIam;IJ;eBHe BaROD HMeeT IICKJlIDtUlTeJILHO Ba I<Hoe 3Ha1J:eHHe ;IJ;JlH HOpMaJlLHOH
pa60TId BaJILD;OB, DOCROJILRY DPH o6pa6oTRe Ha HBX RaY1fYI<a IIJIB pe3BHOBOH
CMeCR BId;IJ;eJISeTCH SH81fBTeJlLHOe KOJlJI1leCTBO TeIIJla. 06ld1fHO TeMIIepaTypa IIOBepx-
Hocrn BaJlROB IIoMepamBaeTCH Ba ypOBHe 60 OCt OXJIam;IJ;eHRc npOlI3BOABTCfJ
BO;IJ;oii, nO;IJ;aBaeMOB BO BHyTpeHHID1O' DOJIOCTL BaJIKOB; TeMDepaTypa BO)J,bI Be IIpe-
Bl>ImaeT 12-14 °C. BO;IJ;8, DocTynaID 8s Ha 38BO;IJ; DO BO;IJ;ODpOBO;IJ;HOB ceTD DS OTRPH-
Toro DCT01fHBRa, B neTBee BpeMR HMeeT 60JIee BldCORYIO TeMDepaTYPY. n03TOMY
ee DpeABapBTeJlLBO OXJIam;IJ;aIOT Ba XOJIO)J,1lJILHOH yCTaHoBRe II nO;IJ;alOT B SaMRHyTyIO
ca:CTeMY eoopOTBOfI BO;IJ;Id. '
&7
B eJIRX COKpam.eHHR nOTpe6JIeHBR BOALI Ha OXJIaiRAeHHe BaJIb OB 01leHl>
BaiRHO, lIT06LI BHYTpeHHHR nOBepXHOCTb BaJIKOB 6LIJIa Tm.aTeJIbHO o6pa6oTaHa
H B npo ecce aKCnJIyaTa 1UI MamHH1>l nepllOAHlIeCKH 01lHm.aJIaCb OT o6pasYIOm.eiicJI
BaKBD1I, peSKO YXYAmalO eii TenJIoo6MeH.
llpll nJIaCTIIKaIJ.IIII BaTypaJIbBorO KayqYKa llJIII o6pa6oTKe CMecen Ha ero-
OCHOBe TeMnepaTypa nepeAHero BaJIKa AOJImHa 6LITb Ha 5-10% Hllme TeMnepaTypbl
saABero BaJIKa. 3TO Heo6xoAHMo AJIR Toro, lIT06LI KayqYK npllJIHnaJI K nOBepXHocnr
nepeABero BaJIKa. llpll o6pa6oTKe peSJJBOBLIX CMeceH Ha OCBOBe CJJBTeTll'leCKOrO
KayqYKa no Ton me npll'lllBe TeMnepaTypa nepeABero BaJIKa AOJImHa 6LITb Ha
5-10 °C BLIDle TeMnepaTypLI saAHero BaJIKa, TaK KaK CK JIyqme npllJIJlD8eT K 6oJIee-
HarpeToii nOBepXHOCTII.
Cy eCTBYIOT ABa cnoco6a oXJIaiRAeHIIR BaJIKOB BaJIb oB: SaKpLITLIH II OTKpLIThli.
3 a K p LI T LI i c n 0 C 0 6. CxeMa OXJIaiRAeHIIR BaJIKOB aTIIM cnoco6ou
nOKasaHa Ha pllC. 3.8, a. BOAa nocTynaeT B nOJIOCTb BaJIKa 1 no Tpy6e 2 C OTBep-
CTIIRMII. Tpy6a BBOAIITCR B nOJIOCTb BaJIKa lIepes CaJIbHIIKOBoe YCTpoiicTBO 9.
llpll TaKOM cnoco6e OXJIamAeHBR BaJIOK eJIIIKOM SanOJIBeH BOAOii. HarpeTaR
BOAa OTBOABTCR lIS BaJIKa lIepes KaHaJI B CaJIbBIIKOBOM YCTpoicTBe.
o T K P LI T LI ii c n 0 C 0 6. npB OTRpLITOM cnoco6e OXJIa ellJlJl (pIIC. 3.8, 6)
Tpy6a 2 C pa36pLIsrBBalO IIMII YCTpoicTBaMJI 5, npllBapeBBLIMII K Bei Ba pac-
CTORHmI 150-200 MM APyr OT APyra, cBo6oABO BXO,IUlT B nOJIOCTb BaJIKa. OTpa6o-
TaHBaR BOAa SanOJIHReT BBmHIOIO lIaCTb nOJIOCTII BaJIKa II CTeKaeT lIepea BOPOBKY 4
B CJIBBBOe KOpLITO BaJIb OB. B BeKOTopLIX KOBCTPYK IIRX BaJIb OB BOAa pacnLI-
JIR9TCR BBYTPII nOJIOCTII BaJIK8 oAHoi 90pCYSKOi.
llpll cpaBHeHmI saKpLIToro II OTKpLITOrO cnoco6oB OXJIaiRAeBIIII BaJIKOB CJIe-
AyeT OTAaTb npeAnOllTeHlle nOCJIeAHeMY, npll KOTOpOM B8JIKB OXJIaiRA81OTCII 60JIee
HBTeBCBBBO. npellMyII\ecTBoM saKpLIToro cnoco6a HBJIJIeTCR IICKJIlOlIeBHe BOSMom-
BOCTII 3arpRSBeBBli oXJIaiRAalO efI BOALI, lITO oco6eBBo eBBO npll o6opoTBoi
CBCTeMe OXJIaiRAeHBJI.
HHorAa OXJIaiRAeBBe AOCTllraeTCIi npllMeBeHlleM BaJIKOB, lIMelO IIX CBepJIeBLIe
KaBaJILI no nepllgepmI 601lKB no TUny BaJIKOB KaJIaBAPOB. 3TO TOiRe 3aKpLITali
CBCTeMa OXJIamAeBIIJI. OBa YAopomaeT CTOIIMOCTb IIsrOTOBJI9HBJI BaJIKa, YCJIOmBHeT
ero aKCnJIyaTa 1I1O II noaTOMY npllMeBJIeTCIi peAKO.
Hllme npllBOARTCJI AaHHLIe 0 pacxoAe BOALI Ha OXJIamp;eBHe B8JIbn;OB pas-
JIlIlIBLIX TllnOB (B M 3 jll):
2130 660
660
1500 660
660
800 550
550
600 300
300
400 200
200
100
320 100
80
175 80
. "
DOAaR- Do aH- Do AaH-
BWM 0Te- Rblil 3a- Hblllrnu
qecTBeR- BOAS By- "Pe3DBOo
Hra 3a- ayn)'IC') DpoeKTIt
BOAOB (QCCP)
18 8 8.0
8-12 6 6.0
4 5.0
1,2 1,6
2.5 1,2
2,5 1.2
0,07
BaJlbqbl
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B cnyqae paCXOAOBaHRR BOAM Ha oXnamAeHRe nOAmBnHHKOB cROn
meHRR
B
W
OB CTapMX ROHCTPYIU(RB npRBeAeHHMe
R4IpM YBemf1lRBalOTCII npJDfepHO
Ha5%.
PacxoA OXna)l{AalOm,eii BOAM AnSI Ban
oB HaxoARTcSI B npRMoB saBRCRMOCTR
OT TeMnepaTYPHoro nepenaAa, T. e. 1IeM HRme reMnepaTypa BO)J,bI, TeM MeH
me ee
Tpe6yeTcII npR np01lRX paBHLIx ycnoBRRx. 'YAenhHLIB pacxoA BO)J,bI Ha 1 RBT
MO
HOCTB COCTaBnlleT:
TeMDepaTypHblii DepeDaA
oXJla)l(AalOlIleii BO
,
°C . . 5,5 5.0 4,5 4.0 3,5 3,0 2.5 2,0
YAeJlbsLlii pacxo
BO
LI,
JI/MHH . . . . . . . 1.36 1,50 1.67 1.87 2,18 2,50 3,0 3,75
nOAWHOBBICH BaJmOB B 60nbmBHcTBe cOBpeMeHBLIx Ban
I(OB BllIIIOnBRIOTCJI
OTe1leCTBeBHLIMR aaBoAaMR B BRAe OOAillRnBHKOB Ka1leHUJI paSnU1IHLIX TROOB.
7 2 J 'I
PRC. 3,9. YaM BaJIKOBbIX DOAlIlmIBHKOB BaJI
OB C
JIBBoii 60'IKR 800 MloI C
BYJ[P
LIIIR POJID-
ROBYMR cmePII'I8C1UWR DOAJIlBD8HKaMB:
1 - paGo'laR 'lam DMRa; S - meilJca aMRa; 3 - ICOPUYC DOJUDBDllBlCa: 4 - naGIIPBRTIIWe yJIJIOTBeRBII;
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30HTan
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550 0.8-1.6
800 550 . . . . . . . .
Y sen BanKOBLIX nOAillBDHBKOB C ABYXPllAHI>IM c4IepB'leCKBM DOAmBDHFKOM
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HOM yxoAe sa Hnm
JDfelOT 60nee AnBTeJl
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xapaKTepBsyroTClI MeHhmBM paCXOAOM sneKTpOSHeprBU (,11;0 20% Ha pa601feM xo.ny
90
'II ji,0 50% ua XOJIOCTOM xop:y), 06eCDe1JRBaIOT 60JIee T01JHYIO perYJIBpOBKY BeJIB1JIIBH
sasopa B He Tpe6YlOT OXJIamAeHIIJI KopIIyca BOAOi. B TO me BpeMJI IIPII HCDOJIbSO-
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n 60JIee KBaJIH B HpOBaHRMi MOHTaiR.
BaJIb M CTap1>IX KOHCTPYK lIi Bcex paSMepOB cHa6meHM DOAWHDHBKaMH
CKo.rlbmeHIIH (pRc.3.10). llpu pa60Te BaJIbD;OB D;aD bl BaJIKOB DpmRHMalOTCJI K
OAHOH CTopOHe DOAWBDHIIKa, 06pasYJI aaaop C APyroH CTOpOHM. B 3TOT aaaop
DO)J;aeTCJI CMaSKa, saXBaTMBaeMaJI D;aD aMH npH Bpa eHBU BaJIKa. fiOAWIIIIHIIKII
CKOJIbmeHIIJI COCTOJIT liS Kopnyca 1, BHDOJIHeHHOro Ha 1JyrYHHoro JIIITbJI Cq 15;
B KOPDYC aaIIpeCCOBaHa 6pOHSOBaJI BTYJIKa 3 IIJIB Ha Hero HaDJIaBJIeH CJIoi aHTH-
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BO)J;a.
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Puc. 3.10. BaJlKoBLIi DOADIHDBRK CKOJIb)l(eBU BaJIb OB C AJIB-
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6 - upOGKH.
perJlaMeUTOM. 3asop MomHO BSJofeHJITb B npeAeJIaX 0,05-12 MM DepeMe eHHeM KOp-
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nOAwIIIIHBKOB saAHero BaJIKa, HenOABHmHO SaKpenJIeHHHX B CTaHBHax. llepeMe-
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saaopa.
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perYJIUpOBaUHH sasopOB MomeT 6MTb pyqHbJM, C DpBBOp:OM OT O,llHOrO 3J1eKTpOABH-
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AYIO CTOPOHY BaJlbD;OB. MexaHBsJof perYJlBpOBaHUJI aaaopa C pyqHHM npllBOAOM
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<:TpeJlKe ynHpaeTCJI B KOPIIYC IIOAWBDHUKa 4 'lepes YKpenJIeHHOe Ha HeM DpeAoxpa-
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OT RHABBIIAyaJlbHoro 8JIeKTpO)J;BoraTeJIJI.
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B CJIYllae cpa6aThIBaHBR aBapBHHoro BhlKJllOlIaTeJlR. lloKasaHHLIe aa pDC. 3.11
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mBIlHBKa, MaTpBn;hI 6, npe.u;oxpaHDTeJlbHOH maii:6LI 7 B nyaHcoHa 8. llpB BOSHIIK-
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CTaHBHLI, YBeJlBlIBBaR sasop ll.O 40-50 MM II YMeHbmaR TeM caMLIM pacnopHoe YCD-
JIBe; .u;eBCTBYIOJn;ee Ha BaJlKD. llpB 3TOM cpa6aTLIBaeT KOHn;eBOB BhlKJllOlIaTeJlb, OCTa-
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II
7
PRC. 3.11. MexasB3M peryJIBpOBKB s8sopa c pyqsWf DpBBO}:tOM:
1 - MaXOIlB'lOIC; S - DlJClIRa; , - KPbIIIIJ(A; 4 - KOPDYC D OnDJPmlJll( A; 6 - KaCCBTaj 6 - Ma'!p..a; 'I - npe-
AOXPaHBTeJII>BaR maIGa; 8 - DYaRCOH; 9 - BlIIKBMRoI BBBT; 10 - r8lJcAj 11 - CT8IIBBa B8JlWleB.
llpe.u;oxpaHBTeJlLHaR maB6a BhlnOJlHReTCIJ .8S CTaJlB 45 II paCClIBThlBaeTCR Ha pas-
pym81Olt\Y1O H8rpYSKY. HanplDfep, .u;JlR BaJlLn;OB C 601lKOB .u;JlBHOB 1500 MM paspy-
malOm;aR HarpYSKa P = 1,35 MH. llpaBIIJlLBhlB Bhl60p MaTeplIaJla D: paClIeT maii6w
BMelOT DCKJIlOlIBTeJlLBO BamBoe SBalleBBe .u;JIR HOpMaJIbBOB pa60Thl npe.u;oxpaBII-
TeJILBOrO YCTPOBCTB8 B npe.u;OTBpaJn;eHBR nOJIOMKB BaJlLn;OB.
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TBep.u;OCTB HRC 40-45. MaJILIe npUBO,IJ;Hhle meCTepHB .u;JIR rpYOOOBoro npBBo.u;a
OT TpauCMBCCDU MoryT BLInOJIHRTLCJI paS'beMIlbIMB. 3TO 06J1eI'1laeT ux YCTaBOBKY
Ha TpancMBccBOHHLIB BaJI, TaK KaK He Tpe6yeTCJI CHBMaTL Coe,IJ;JmDTeJlLHhle MY<FrLI,
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paCCTOJIHBJI. OHB BLInOJIBeHLI BS CTaJIB 45, BMelOT npJIMOB cIIpesepoBaBBLIii: sy6.
3an;enJleBBe aBOJlbBeHTBOe C y.u;JlBHeHHLIM Sy60M. lloBepxHocTL sy6beB SaKaJID-
92
aHBLlM <}IUPMLl, npO.n;OJl)RUTeJILBOCTL npoD;ecca CMemeBUH Ba 8TUX BaJIbD;aX ua 6%
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6apa6aBa 11 .n;uaMeTpOM 290 MM,
KOTOpLlii B TO me BpeMH HBJIHeTCH
B THBYID.IIM 6apa6aBOM, HamlDl-
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CTO, pOBLl 'nepeKJIIO'IeBUe ocym.eCTBJIHeTCH }WBD;eBLlMII nepeKJIIO'IaTeJIHMB 18.
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ROJIJI'leCTBO XO.n;OB B MIIByTY - 3.
OXJIam.n;aloID.lIii (THByDJ;IIii) 6apa6aB 11 npUBo.n;UTCH B .n;BumeBIIe OT :meKTpo-
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Pac. 3.13. CXeMa YCTaBOBKD UeXaBlI'J6CKoro SO)l(8 sa
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B OTHomeHBB BaJIbIl;OB He60JIbmHX paSMepOB (B TOM lIHCJIe H JIa60paTopHLlX)
OrpaHH1IeHBe BLiCOTJ:.I YCTaHOBKH BaJIbIl;OB B pacnOJIOmeHBff mTaHru aBapUHoro
BLlKJIlOlIeHBff He Bcer,na s<}I<}IeKTDBHO; AJIJI TaRBX BaJIbIl;OB Tpe6yeTcff ,lJ.OnOJIHHTeJIb-
Hoe sam;BTHoe YCTPOB:CTBO, DCKJIlOlIalOm;ee BOSMomHOCTb nonaAaHHff pyK B sasop
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a - 'I'OpM03; 6 - eneJ(TPorHAPOTOJIKaTeJll> TI'M; 1 - enelCTPOrHAPOTOJlICaTeJll>; B - OCBOB3RBe; 3 - Q1IKlllla
C 'l'Jlroll;4 - uepXlllle PJoJ'l3I'B; $ - DlTOK; , - PJoJ'l8l'B; 'I - KOJIOAKB; 8 - perymspOBO'IBIodt GoJIT; 9 - ROP-
uyc; 10 - ; 11 - IDTOK; 12 - DOpmem.; 11 - ICPwu,'1aTRa Hacoca; 14 - enelCTPOABBI'aTemo.
Mem.ny BaJIKaMH. B HOBLIX KOHCTpyKII;HffX TaKBX BaJIbIl;OB KpOMe BLlRJIIOlIaTeJIff,
,neB:CTBytom;ero OT HamaTBff KOpnYCOM HJIB PYKOB:, YCTaHaBJIBBalOT em;e BLlRJII01Ja-
lOm;ee YCTpOB:CTBO Ha ypOBHe rOJIeHB, lITO nOSBOJIffeT BLlRJIlOlIaTb BaJIbIl;Ll BOrOB:.
,D;JIff nOrameHHff DHep H Bpam;alOm;BXCff lIaCTeB: npHBO,na U BaJIbIl;OB B 06ecnelle-
HBff 6LlCTpOrO OCTaHOBa BaJIbIl;OB npBMeHfflOTCff paSJIII1IHLle CDCTeMIaI TOpMOmeHU.
OAHH DS MeTO,nOB TOpMOmeHBJI - peBepCHpOBaHBe rJIaBHOrO ,nBUraTeJIff npH-
BO,na - npBMeHffeTCff TOJIbKO ,lJ.JIff He60JIbmHX BaJIbD;OB, TaR KaK BOSHUKaeT 60JIb-
maJi TOKOBaff HarpYSKa Ha SJIeKTpo,nBHraTeJIb.
3JIeKTpOp;HHaMUlIeCKOe TopMomeHHe HCnOJIbsyeTcff AM BaJIbIl;OB C rpynnoBLIM
npHBop;oM OT CBBxpOBHoro SJIeKTpOp;BDraTeJIff, P;JIff BaJIbIl;OB C BBp;uBHP;yaJIbHLlM
npBBop;oM OT SJIeKTpOp;BHraTeJIff CBHxpoBHoro HJIU nOCTOffBHoro TOKa, a TaKme AJIJI
BaJIbD;OB C npBBop;oM OT aCBBxpOHHoro SJIeKTpOp;BDraTeJIff OrpaHH1IeBBOB: MOm;uOCTB.
B BaJIbIl;ax C npBBop;OM OT aCHBxpoBBoro SJIeKTpOABUraTeJIff Bau60JIee lIaCT
nplJ)feBffeTCff SJIeKTpOMarBHTBaff CHCTeMa TopMomeBDff. B cJIyqae BLlRJIlOlIeHBIi
nDTaBHff, nop;aBaeMoro Ba rJIaBBlaIii p;BUraTeJIb D KaTyIIIKH SJIeKTpOMal'BllTa TOp-
98
MOS8., CpaOaThlBaeT npymBBa BJIB npOTBBOBeC, B npBBOABTCJ'I B AeiicTBBe KOJIOAOll-
8LIB TOpM03.
BaJIbIV>I C 001lKar.m AJIBHOB 800 B 1500 MM B BaCTOJ'l ee BpeMJ'I oOOPY,J1YIOTCJ'I
TopMosaMB YJIyqmeHBoB KOBCTPYKD;BB THna TKTr-300M BJIH TKTr-400M C aJIeR-
TparB,J1paBJIB1IeCRHM TOJIKaTeJIeM TrM-50 HJIB TrM-80. ¥ CTpOBCTBO TopMosa
TKTr II OABomTOROBoro TOJIKaTeJIff TrM nORasaBO Ba pBC. 3.16. PlaIlIamHO-KOJIO-
,J101lHaff lIaCTb B npBHD;Bn AeBcTBBJ'I TopMosa TKTr TaKBe me, KaK y onucaHBoro
BLIme aJIeKTpOMarHBTBOrO TopMosa. Ho B OTJIBlIBe OT nOCJIeABerO BamaTue Ha TOp-
MOSBLIe KOJIO]J.KB ocy eCTBJIffeTCff 2
aJIeKTpOrUApaBJIH1IeCKBM TOJIKaTe-
JleM (CM. pBC. 3.16).
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2875 OOjMBH), norpymeBBoro B
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eeclI B Kopnyce 9. Ha BaJIY 3JIeK-
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coca). TIpu BKJIlOlIeHHII aJIeKTpo'
ABUUTeJIff D;eHTpooemBoe KOJIeCO
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mHeM 12 co mTOKOM 11. TIopmeBb
nepeMem.aeTCff BBepx B D;BJIBBApe
10, nOABUMaff pLI'Iar TopMosa, C KO-
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pasmBMalOTCff TOpMOSHlaIe KOJIO]J.KB.
MacJIo Ha,J1 nopmHeM 'Iepes KaRaJIIaI
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nepeTeKaeT B HBmHlO1O lIaCTb KOp- 1
nyca. TIpB aBapBBHOM TopMomeBBB
c npeKpa eRBeM nO,J1a'IB TOKa Ba 8
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II D;eHTpooemBoe KOJIeCO nepecTaeT
Bpa 8.TbCff B nO,lUJ;epmBBaTb HSOIaI-
TOllBOe AaBJIeBBe Ba]J. nopmBeM 12.
TIO,J1 ,J1eBCTBBeM npymuHIaI TopMosa
U coocTBeBBoro Beca nopmeHb ony.,
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TpOABUraTeJIff npUBO,JIa BaJIbD;oB.
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OOffS8.RLI npOBepffTb I'!CnpaBBOCTb CUCTeMIaI aBapl'!BHOrO BLIKJIlOlIeBl'!ff I'! B CJIY'Iae
ee BeHCnpaBBocm He npl'!cTynaTb K paOOTe Ba BaJIbD;ax.
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Bcex Tl'!nOpaSMepOB (AJII'!Ha 001lKI'! 800, 1500 B 2130 MM) B I'!B]J.UBI'!,J1yaJIbBOM HCnOJI-
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nO,JI8.eTCff B nO]J.ml'!nHHKH OT D;eBTpaJIbBOB CT8BD;BB, YCTaHaBJIUBaeMOB Ba Ram,JIIaIX
BaJIbn;ax. npl'!BD;l'!nl'!aJIbBaff cxeMa CMaSKlI BaJIKOBLIX nO,J1DIl'!nBBROB BaJIbD;OB
,J1JII'!Boii 800 MM SaBO,J1a «BOJIbmeBUR. npBBe]J.eHa Ba pBC. 3.17. Bo Bee 'IeThlpe
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1 - BaBKB; B - DOADIBDRBlCB BaJlKOB; 3 - DBTaTeJl&-A03a-
TOP nn-UK; 4 - aaDPaBO'"lHa PY'lBoa Racoc DnMO;
6 - lDJIaBl'; 6, 'I - MarBCTPIUIII; 8 - cIIBJ11>TPbI r-1;
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nO IIDIIIJIBRa 2 CMa3Ka nO,ll;aeTCJI OT pyqHoro Hacoca 10, npOXO,ll;BT 'Iepe3 <}>UJIJ.TpH 8 K
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mBnHBKB 2 BaJIKOB B nOADIBIIHBKB MexaHB3MOB peryJIBpOBaHBJI 3a30pa. ,D.aBJIeHBe,
C03,11;aBaeMOe HaCOCOM pyqHoii CMaSKB, paBHO 10 Mlla. CMa3Ka nocTynaeT nonepe-
MeHHO B MarucTpaJIB 6 B 7; sa 0,nBH BRJI nO,ll;aeTCJI 8 CM S CMaaKB. B npOMblmJIeH-
HOCTB BCnOJIbsyeTCJI 60JIbmOe KOJIJI1IeCTBO BaJIb OB cTapoii KOHCTPYK U C BaJIKo-
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meCTepeH'IaTble HaCOCbl U MaCJIeHKB C nO,ll;BH$BOi KpblIIIKOii.
npBBoABble U <}IpBR UOHHble meCTepHB CMaSHBaIOTCJI HUrpOJIOM U COJIB,II;OJIOM,
aaKJIa,ll;blBaeMblMB B HU$HIOIO nOJIOBHBY orpa$,II;alOID;JIX KO$YXOB. ,D.JIJI npaBHJIb-
Hoii opraHBsa 3aBO,ll;CKOrO CMa30'lHOrO x03J1iiCTBa Ha Ka$,II;YIO MamBHY (B TOM
'IBCJIe U BaJIb laI) ,ll;OJI$Ha 6blTb pa3pa60TaHa KapTa CMa3KB.
3.2.2. npOHSBoAHTenbHocTb Banb140B
llPOUSBOAHTeJIbHOCTb BaJIb OB saBUCBT OT Bup;a KayqyRa, pe enTa CMeCB,
KOHCTpyR BaJIbD;OB B MOID;HOCTB ux npBBO,ll;a B BSMeHHeTCJI B ,ll;OBOJIJ.HO mupOKBX
npe,ll;eJIax. 3arpY3Ka V (B JI) CMeCHTeJIbHLIX B nO,ll;OrpeBaTeJIbHIaIX BaJIb OB 06b1'1HO
onpe,ll;eJIJleTCJI no 9MnupnecKoii <}IopMyJIe
V = LDK
r e V - o61.eM sarpY8KD; L - BBa pa601Jei 1JaCTB BaJlKa; D - ABalleTp pa601Jei 'I8CTB
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B D.
ECJID L D D B3J1Tbl B ,ll;lOiiMaX, TO K = 0,0417, eCJIB B CallTJDleTpaX, TO K = 0,0065-:-
-:- 0,0085, a eCJIU B MeTpaX, TO K = 60 -:- 85.
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Q (B Kr/MBB) CMeCBTeJIbHLIX ulno,ll;orpeBaTeJIbHlaIx BaJIb OB:
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r.e V - OBpexeBBM sarpyalta BaJIb OB, JI; V - WlOTBooTl> o6pa6aTLlBaeMoro "aTepBaJla
ltI'/fI)l.l; a - Koa(icl>BqDeBT BCDOJIL30BaBBII MamBllBOrO BpeMeRB BaJIb OB (a = 0,8+ 0,9); t-
opoB8BO JIl>BOCTb a o6pa6OTRB o oi SarpYSKD MaTepBaJIa, IIBII.
llpOB3BO,ll;BTeJIbHOCTb Q (B Kr/'l) pa<}lBBBpYIOID;BX BaJIb OB JlBJIJlIOB:\BXCR
MamBBOB HenpepblBHoro ,ll;eiCTBBff, onpe,ll;eJIfflOT no ypaBHeHBIO
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r e D - ABaMeTp sa,qsero BaJIRa. fI)I.; n - 1fBMO 060POTOB s/Vn[ero BaJIKa B 1 MDB; h - TO a
MOil MaTepBaJIa, CBBllaeMoro C s/Vn[ero BaJIKa, M; b - IIIBpBBa MOR MaTepBaJIa, fI)I.; l' - WlOT-
SooTb MaTepDaJIa, 1tI'/11.M1; a - KOaj4iJlqlleRT BCDOJIbSOBaDBII MalDBBBoro BpexesB,
llPOBSBOAHTeJIbHOCTb Q (B Kr/MBH) ,ll;p06UJILHblX U pa3MaJIblBalOID;BX BaJIL OB
MO$HO onpe,ll;eJIBTL no ypaBHeImIO
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r,.e f - C61JeRBe sapeSRB BaJIKa, fI)I.'; I - AIIBSa KasaBKB, fI)I.; - KO JlqlleBT aaDOJISeRBII
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Ba 6L1CTpO Bp aIO eMCII BaJIRe; V - WlOTBOCTb MaTepBaJIa, Itr/fI)l.l.
100
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BaJIb Ll BLlnycKaIOTcH OTe'leCTBCnHLlMH 3aBo.n;aMB B IIHAJilBl'IAyaJIbHOM HCnOJI-
BeHHH, cnapeHHLllom H C rpynnoBLlM npUBo.n;OM. npHBO.n; MO$eT pacnOJIaraTbCH
C npaBoii B C JIeBoii CTOpOHLl OT pa60'lero MeCTa. B nepBOM CJIyqae BaJIb Ll Ha3Ll-
BaIOT npaBLIMH, BO BTOpOM - JIeBLlMH.
B Ha'laJIe m(JIa 06pa60TKu MOm;HOCTb B 1,5-2 paaa npeBLlmaeT cpe.n;HIOIO
MOm;HOCTb, nOTpe6JIHelllYIO BaJIb aMH. II09TOMY MOm;HOCTb 9JIeKT'p0.n;BHraTeJIH H O
BLl6HpaTb C yqeToM :noii nHKOBoii HarpyaKH; OHa BLlDIe, 'IeM y rpynnoBoro npllBoAa,
r.n;e aarpyaKy BaJIb OB MO$HO c.n;eJIaTb 60JIee paBHOMepHoii: no YKa8aHHOB npB'DIHe
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Tpo.n;BBraTeJIb, KOTOpLlii npB He.n;orpyaRe MO$eT pa60TaTb KaR ROMneBcaTOp B
YJIyqmaTb KOCHHYC <po '
B OT.n;eJIbHLlX CJIyqaHx, Kor.n;a Tpe6yeTcH U3MeHHTb 'IaCTOTY Bpam;eHBH BaJIROB
B BX <}IpHK HIO B mHpOKBX npe.n;eJIax (HanpHMep, npB pa60Te Ha JIa60paTopBLlX
BaJIb ax), npUMeHHeTCH npBBO.n; OT OT.n;eJIbHOrO 9JIeKTpo.n;BHraTeJIH nOCTOJIHHOrO
!fORa Ha J{a$.n;Llii BaJIOK. TaKoii npHBo.n; JDleIOT JIa60paTopHLIe BaJIb Ll JI6160 :
100
H JI6 200 ""'100' BLlnycKaeMLle 3aBo.n;OM «MeTaJIJIHCT» B JIeHBHrpa.n;e.
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OB C 60'lROii .n;JIHBoii 2130 MM C rpynnoBLlM npHBo.n;OM OT CHHxpOHHoro 9JIeKrpO-
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Hoii 2130 MM H .n;ByX npH npHMeHeHHB BaJIb OB MeHbmHX paaMepOB. ToplofOaHoe
YCTPOBCTBO Ha My<}lTe 3JIeKTpo.n;BHraTeJIH OTcyrCTByeT, TaR RaR npB rpynnoBoM npB-
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npHMeHHIOTcH paaJIII1IHLIe coe.n;HHHTeJIbHLle My<}lm, B TOM 1J1ICJIe ay6'1aTaH MY<}ITa
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TBna «BeB6epB» (110 4IaMBJIBB Bs06peTaTeJIJ'I MamBHLI), nOJI BJIB BaB60JII>mee
pacnpOCTpaHeBBe B pesBHoBoii npOMLImJIeHBocrn. Y cTpoiicTBO TaRoro peSBHO-
CMeCBTeJIJ'I nOKasaBO Ba pBC. 4.2. Ha MaCCBBHOM OCBOBaHBH 10 YCTaBOBJIeBa CMe-
CBTeJII>BaJ'I RaMepa 6, COCTOJ'Im;aH BS )."(BYX nOJIOBBB Ropnyca, 06pasYIOID;Hx npo-
)."(OJII>HyIO ee 1JaCTI>, B )J;BYX 60KOBBB, saMLIKalOID;BX KaMepy C TOpn;OB. B KaMepe
pacnOJIOmeHLI ABa pOTopa 7 OBaJII>HOii 4IOPMhI, YCTaHOBJIeBBLle Ba no)."(mUDHBKax
Ka eBBJ'I, Ropnyca ROTOpLIX SaKpenJIeHht B 60KoBBHax. (B CTapLIX MamHHax 06hI BO
npBMeBJ'IJIBCI> nOAIDBDBBRB CKOJIl>meHUJ'I.)
B BBmBeU 1JaCTB CMeCBTeJII>BaJ'I RaMepa BMeeT ORBO )J;JIJ'I BhIrpYSKU rOTOBoii
CMeCB, nepeRpl>IBaeMOe BumBUM saTBopOM. Ha pBCYBKe nOKasaB peSBBOCMeCBTeJII>
C BBmHBM SaTBOpOM 8 CKOJII>SJ'Im;ero TUDa, npBBOABMLIM B )J;eiiCTBBe npB IIOMOID;B
lIepeMem;alOm;erOCJ'I BOSAYDIBoro JIHB)."(pa 9. B HaCTOHm;ee BpeMJ'I OTe1JeCTBeBBhIe
saBO)."(LI B sapy6emBLIe 4IBpMLI BhIIIYCRalOT peSHBOCMeCBTeJIB C BBmHBMH SaTBOpaMB
OTKII,lUIOrO THDa, KOTophIe npBBO)J;HTCJ'I B )J;eiicTBBe OT ru)."(ponpBBo)."(a. TaKoii saTBOp
pa60TaeT 60JIee 1JeTRO, npB aTOM CORpam;aeTCJ'I BpeMJ'I, He06xOWIMoe )."(JIJ'I BLIrpysKB
CMeCB.
B BepXBeii 1JaCTB CMeCBTeJII>BOii KaMepLl BMeeTCJ'I OKBO AJIJ'I sarpysKH MaTe-
pBaJia 1Jepes sarpYS01JHYIO BOPOBRY 4. Bo BpeMJI pa60ThI CMeCBTeJIJ'I sarpyso Hoe
ORBO lIepeRphIBaeTCJ'I rpysoM 3 BepXBero saTBopa, ROTOphIii ODYCKaeTCJ'I B nO)J;HU-
MaeTCJ'I no)."( eiicTBBeM nOpmBJ'I Bos ymBoro JIDB)."(pa 1.
119
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/
IZ.
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PRC. 4.2. CxeMa peaHBocMeCBTeJIJI 250-40:
1 - B03J1ymHLIA I(BJIDII.IIP; 2 - Romyx AJII! npHcO€jJ;HHellRlI K BeHTHJIJ[UI'IOBHOA ""CTeMe 1\exa; 3 - rpY3 Bepx-
Hero saT80pa; 4 - sarpyaOqBaR BOpOHJIa; 5 - OTBepCTHC AJlII YCTaHOBRH HlI)f(eKTOpa, DOjJ;aIOU{ero M1II"IRTeJIH;
II - CM€CBTeJIbHall Ralllepa; 1 - poTOpIIl; 8 - HHmRBR aaTBOp CKOJIbSlIlRero THUa; ,- D03AymHblit I{IIJll'lnnp
IUl)f(Hero 3aTBOpa; 10 - OCHOBaHHe CllleCRTCJIII; 11 - OOKOBHna CMOORTeJIbDOIT KaMepy: 12 - ROIHYX.
I
I
i B Kopnyce CMeCBTeJIH BMelOTCH OTBepCTHJ'I 5 ,n;JIH BBo,n;a MHftlBTeJIeD B KaMepy
cL elUenBJ'I. CTeHRB cMeCBTeJILHOii KaMepLl 11 C BHemHeii CTOpOHItI OXJIamAalOTCH
o,n;oii BS cfIopcYHoK, aaKpLtTLIX cBapymH KomyxaMB 12. B pH,n;e KOBcTpyt( D
C:MeCBTeJILHaH KaMepa BMeeT BBYTpeBBBe KaBaJILI ,n;mt OXJIam,n;eHBH. B cTapLIx
OHCTPYK BJ'IX pe3BHocMeCBTeJIeii Ba meDRax pOTOpOB 6LIJIB nocameHItI npBBO,JJ;BL1e
Ii, <ppHK BoHHbIe mecTepBH, KOTopue nepe,n;aBaJiB Bpam;eHBe pOTopaM OT 8J1eKTpO-
BuraTeJIJ'I epe3 pe,n;YKTop. B HOBLIX KOHCTpyK BJ'IX MamHB Bce mecTepHB c06pallH
6.lJOl -peAYI\TOpe, BMelO el\i ,n;Ba BI>IXO,n;HbIX BaJIa, coe)J;HHeBHLIX C pOTopaMB map-
{BpHbIMn MYQJTaMH. B MeCTax npoxo)J;a meeK pOTOpOB epes GOKOBBHLI KaMepLI
!
\
I
I
10
11
PBC. 4.3. PeaBBOCMeCBTeJlb 4IBpMH
cBepBep - nclJJI epep.. C OB8JIbHhlMB
pOTopaMU:
1 - IIBIKBIIII qaCTb 1<0pDyca; 2 - CMeDHall
py6aml<a CMeCBTeJlbBoit 1<8I\ICpY; 8 - Bepx-
HIIII UCTb 1<0pDyca; 4 - DOJIOCTB JIM ox-
JlaIKlIeBHII rpyaa; 6 - rpya Bepxaero aa-
Tliopa; 6 - ABepQa aarpY30'IB08 8OpoBKH;
7 - 3arpyaoqllall BopoBl<a; 8 - IDTOK Bepx-
Bero 3aTBopa; 9 - DopmeBb; 10 - B03J1ym-
lIIoIit QBJIBIIJIP; 11 - BeIlTBMTOP: 12 - rop-
.;rOBRlla; 18 - poTOpy; 14 - DOJIOCTb JlJIII
OXJI8IKAeRIfIl JIO'IOpa; 16 - l<aBaJIY JIM ox-
JlalK,D;eBHII B CTeBIC8X pyllaml<B; 16 - OTI<HJI-
Hall ABepQa IImRBerO 3aTBOpa; 17 - I<mtHO-
BOa 3aTBOp; 18 - rBlI.pOQl1JJBBAP; 19 - OCb
110BopOTa ABepl(U IImRBero 88TBOpa.
CMemeBBH YCTaBOBJIeHLI ynJIOTHHIO Be ,YCTpOnCTBa, npenaTCTBYIOm;Be BLI6BBaHBIO
DS KaMepbI CaiKH B BLIa{J!MaHHIO Hapymy peSBHOBOH CMeCB.
OCHOBHLIe napaMeTpl>1 B paSMepLI peSBHOCMeCBTeJIeii, BSrOTaBJIBBaeMLIX OTe-
1JeCTBeHHbIMB aaBOAaMB, perJIaMeHTBpOBaHLI fOCT 11996-71. CorJIaCBO 8TOMY
fOCT pa3Mep peSBHOCMeCmeJIH xapaKTepBsyeTcH 06'beMOM CMeCBTeJILBOii KaMepLI
(B )J;M 3 ) B MaKCH1>iaJILHOii aCTOToii Bpam;eHBJ'I sa)J;Hero pOTopa (B 06/MmI). (POTOp
H3SI>IBaeTCH «Sap,HHM» no OTHomeHBlO K sarpYSO Hoii: BOpOBl<e; mIor)J;a STOT pOTOp
HaSLIBalOT <<JIeBhIM», eCJIB CMOTpeTL C Top a MamBHLI co CTOpOBbI no,n;Bo,n;a OXJIam-
)J;alOm;eii BO)J;M.) 3TB nOKaSaTeJIB BKJIIO'laIOTCH B YCJIOBBOe 0608HatJeBBe MamHl1L1.
HanpBMep, YCJIOBHOe 060SBatJeBBe peSBHOCMeC1lTeJIH 250-40 yt(aSLIBaeT Ha TO, tJTO
CB060,n;HLIii 06'LeM CMeCifTeJILHOH KaMeplil COCTaBJIHeT 250 AM 3 , MaKCBMaJILHaH a-
CTOTa Bpam;eBHH sa)J;Bero pOTopa - 40 o6/1,IHH. lIo)J; cBo60)J;BLlM 06'LeMOM nOHHMaeTCa
eMI\OCTI> CMeCBTeJILHOii KaMepLI sa BlrltJeTOM 06'LeMa, saHBMaeMoro pOTopaMH. llOJl-
Hoe 060SBa eHBe peSBUOCMeCHTeJIH no fOCT if 996-7 1 3anBCLIBaeTCH cJIe)J;YIOII\BM
121
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HH MamHBLI 06eCnetJHBaeT JIerKylO paS60pKY ee npH KanUTaJII>BOM
peMOBTe.
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Q6pa60TKa CMeCH npOHCXOABT B HHX npH nOBHmeBBoii tJaCTOTe Bpam;eHHH, C yMeBI>-
meBBLIM BLI)J;eJIeBHeM TenJIa, MeBl>lUHM paCXOAOM OXJIam,n;alOm;eii BOALI.
9____
10
12
PBC. 4.4. PeaDBOCUeCBTeJIL 4!BpMH cBep-
Hep - n4iJJH
epep. C TpexrplUOlloDlB
poropaMU:
1 - CTa8Jfaa: fl - OTKIIJIB8R ABepQa; 8 - 1'11-
APIUIJUI'I€CKRIt lUIJIHIIJIP; 4 - rpya Bep:mero
aATBOpa; $ - ropJlOBBBa; 6 - IDTOK; 'I - .BK-
cAroPi 8 - DopmeHb; 9 - Boa,q}'lllllld QJIJJJIIIAP;
10 - aarpyaoqaall BOpOBKa; 11 - JlBepQa aa-
rpyaoqBoii BOPOHKH; 13 - poropY; 18-
DOJIOCTb AJIII oxnamAeHBJi pOTOpa; 14 - HIDf(-
13 HIIR CTeHKa CMecDTeJIbROIt K8Mepy.
"
1'1
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PeSHHOCMeCHTenH C pOTOpaMH
qHnHHAPH
eCKO
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HJIHH,n;pH1JeCKOii «fIOPMI>I
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4>opMa 1'1 KOBCTPYKD;HH pOTOpOB.
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eBl>
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pOTopa C 3asopOM OKOJIO 3 MM, cos,n;aeTCH paSJIHtJHe B OKPYmBLIX CKOpOCTHX Ba
nOBepXHOCTH Bna)J;HB B BLlcTynoB aBaJIOr
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tJeMy AOCTHraeTCH xopomee nepeMemHB8.HBe.
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CTaJIB, H BaJIa, HSrOTOBJIeBBOrO HS CTaJII>BOii nOKOBKH. OrAeJII>BaH OTJIBBKa «fIHryp-
126
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BalOTCH C OTKH,JJ;BLlM BJIII CKOJII>8Hm;uM 3aTBOpOltf. MamHHLI Tllna 14430 BLInycKa-
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HbIii BJIH CBBXPOBBbIii, no meJIaBBIO SaKaSqHKa. ROHCTPYKD;BH MamBHbI 6JIHSKa
K KOHCTPYK
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4.8.4. KOHCTPYKL\HSI OCHOBHblX AeTaneH H ysnoB
pesHHocMecMTeneH
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KIIX OT,JJ;eJII>BLIX nJIBT BJIII OCBOBaBHii (,JJ;JIH coocTBeBBo CMeCHTeJIH, pe,JJ;yKTopa B
9JIeKTpo,JJ;BllraTeJIH), YCTaHaSJIBBaeMLIX Ha 06m;eii meJIeS06eTOBHoii BJIB MeTaJIJIB-
1IecKoii 9CTaKa,JJ;e.
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"
.8
9
5
7
PRC. 4.6. CMOOBTeJILBaJI KaMepa pe8BBOCM8CBTeJIJI 250-30 aaBO.n;a CBOJlWlleBBKt:
1 - CTeHKa KaMCpy; B - DaTPyI!oK .M DOJla'IB lIS1"JB'reJIelt; 8 - ItIIJIIIHlIpsqecK8J[ 'IaCD KllJleplol; 4 - pelipa
IfICCTKOCTH; 5 - POTOP; 6 - ODOPIol 8J1)1(Bero aaTBOP8j 'I - IIIDfIlUIJI DOJlOBBHa IIoKOBBBY; , - BePDM DonG-
B8Ha (iOKOBHm.r; 9 - 110m, CKpeDJIII1Oms8 DOJlOBBBJol OOKOB8H; 10 - IllDUJIblUf, KpeDIIII{II8 IIoKOB/IBY K KOpDJCY
KaMepY; 11 - OTBepCTBe AM TepldoDaplol.
pe)J;yKTop B 9JIeKTpO,JJ;BHraTeJII> BMelOT OTAeJIl>lIYe nJIBTLI;
aCTO 6L1BaeT, 1JTO Kopnyc
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DJIBTa Be Tpe6yeTCJI. HeKOTopLle WHpMLI yCTaBaBJIBBalOT peSBBOCMepHTeJIB Ba
BH6pOBSOJIHD;HOBBItIX onopax. B aTOM cJI
ae Be06xo)J;1iIMa meCTKaH WYBAaMeBT-
HaR nJIBTa B BBAe
yrYBBoi OTJIHBI<B HJIB cBapBoii paMLI.
CMOOHTeJIltllaJI KaHepa pesBBOCMeCHTeJIeii, BlilnYCKaeMLIX saBO,JJ;OM «BOJIl>meBHK»,
COCTOBT B8
eTLIpex 1JacTeii - )J;BYX nOJIOBBB Kopnyca, 06pasyrom;BX
JIHBAP
e-
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OB (pBC. 4.6). llOJIOBHBLI Kopnyca BSrOTOBJIeBIiI H8 JIBCTOBOii npoKaTBoi CTaJiB
128
npB nOMOJD.II CBapKJI, 60KOBBHLI OTJIBBaIOTCJ'I BS CTaJiB. BOKOBBBa COCTOHT BS ABYX
nOJIOBHH 7 H 8, coeAHHeHHLlX 60JITaMB. B 60KOBHHax YCTaBOBJIeHLI 'Kopnyca nOA-
mHDBHKOB pOTOpOB CMeCHTeJIH B KpenHTCJ'I YCTpoiicTBO )J;JIH ynJIOTBeHBH sasopa
B MeCTe npOXO,!l;a meeK pOTOpOB epes CTeHKY CMeCHTeJILHOii KaMepLI. BOKOBmn.I
KpeIUlTcH K Kopnycy KaMepLI Ba 16 mnBJII>KaX (no 8 mnHJIeK BQ CTOpOBy). llinHJII>KJI
BMelOT pesI>6y M64 B BLInOJIBeHLI BS CTaJIB 45. BBYTpeBBHJ'I BJIHBAPBtIeCKaH
nOBepXBOCTI> KaMepLl, nO,!l;BepralOm;aHCJ'I npB pa60Te CHJII>BOMY HSHOCY, BanJIa-
BJIJ'IeTCJ'I TBep,JJ;LIM CnJIaBOM (c TBepAOCTLIO HRC 48-55) C TOJIm;HBOii CJIOH AO 6 MM.
CBapymH Kopnyc KaMepLI YCBJIeB pe6paMB meCTI<OCTH 4, KOTopLIe B TO me BpeMH
COS)J;aIOT ,!I;OnOJIHBTeJII>BYIO nOBepXHOCTI> OXJIam)J;eHHH.
Kopnyc KaMepLi H 60KOBHHLI ,06paSYIDT sarpyso uoe ]if pasrpYS01JBOe OKBa.
BepXBee, sarpyso Hoe OK80 nepeKpLlBaeTcH yCTaHaBJIBBaeMLIM Ba Kopnyce CMeCH-
TeJII>BOii KaMepLi sarpysOtIHLlM YCTpoiicTBOM, a HBmHee, pasrpyso Hoe OKBO nepe-
I<pLIBaeTcH BBmBHM saTBopoM CKOJII>SJ'Im;ero BJIB OTKB)J;uoro THDa. B I<opnyce
KaMepLi HMelOTCJI naTpy60K 2 AJIH sarpysKH MHr BTeJIeii 1'1 OTBepCTHH ,!I;JIH YCTaBoBKB
TepltfOnap. CBapya\H KaMepa CMemeBHH OXJIam,!l;aeTCJ'I BO,!l;oii.
Pac. 4.7. CMeCDT9nLSaJi KaMeya .'p&aBBO-
CII8CBTeJlJI BpMH cBepsep - Dt.nJliiAepept:
1 - BaupaBJIJ[lO e HIImBero 3aTBOpa CK0JIb8l1l1{ero
TBDa; fJ - paCTOqRa DBeBMOlUlJlBBlIpa; 8 - IIIDKIIJIR
'IaCT!> CKOJlfr8RlI(ero 3aTBOpa; 4 - H111KBN1 'IaCT!>
py6aDJICB KaMepy CMemellBJl; 5 - POTOp; 8 - Ba-
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(jamRlf CM€CHTeJlbBOIt KaMepy; 8 - BepDfJIR 'lien
Kopnyca; 9 - rpY3 BepxBero 3aTBOpa; 10 - DO-
JIOOTb lIJlII OXJI8)f(JIeHIIR RaMepY; 11 - DOJIOCTb JlJIII
OXJIamlleBIfR pOTOpa; 1// - nOJIoen .ImJI OXJI8)f(JIe-
81111 ropllymu; 18 - IIIDf(HIIit 3aTBOp (ropllywa);
14 - IIIDf(HllII 'Iaen Kopnyca.
10
KaMepa Cl>lemeUHJI peSHHOCMeCmeJIH HpMLI «Bepuep - n JIHiiAepep))
(pBC. 4.7) BLinOJIBeUa C paS'LeMOM no ropBSOBTaJIH, 1JTO 06JIer1JaeT MOHTam H )J;eMOB-
Tam YSJIa pOTOpOB. Qua BMeeT CMeHByIO BHYTpeBBlO1O py6amKY, saMeBHeMyIO B cny-
tIae BSBoca. BOKOBBBLI KaMepLI OTJIB aIOTCH OT ODHcaHHLIX BLime KOBCTpyR
TeM, TO B HBX paSMem;eHLI TOJILKO ynJIOTBHIDJD.lle YCTpoiicTBa, a nO,!l;mHnBHKH
pOTOpOB YCTaBOBJIeULI B OT,!I;eJIbHLIX OT KaMepLl cToiiKax, 1JTO 06JIeRaeT TeMnepa-
TYPHLIe YCJIOBBH pa60TLI nO,!l;llIHnHHKOB.
HOpMaJII>HaH pa60Ta peSHHOCMeCHTeJIJI B KatIeCTBO nOJI eHBOii peSHHOBoii
CMeCB B SBa1JBTeJILHOii CTeneBB SaBBCHT OT a eKTBBBOCTH OTBO,!l;a TenJIa, BLIAeJIH-
lOm;erOCJ'I B npon;ecce 06pa60TKB MaTepBaJIa. nOaTOMY OTe1JeCTBeBBLIe saBOALI B PHA
sapy6emBLIx HpM BLInYCKalOT peSBHOCMeCBTeJIB C KaMepaMB; lDfelOm;BMB BHyTpeB-
BHe OXJIaAHTeJILHLIe KaUaJILI AJIH 60JIee HBTeBCBBHoro OTBO,!l;a,TenJIa.
CMeCHTeJILBaH KaMepa peSHHOCMeCBTeJIH BpMLI «BepBep - ll JIHii,!l;epep»
CO CMeHBoii py6amKoii, COCTOHm;eii: BS ABYX nOJIOBBH 4, 7, H C HHmUBM SaTBOpOM 19
CKOJIbSJ'IJD.ero TIIna nOKasaHa Ba pHc.4.7. CMeBBaH py6amKa JIaB aMB samaTa
Mem,!{y BHmHeii 14 H BepxBeii 8 1JaCTHMB Kopnyca MamHBLI.
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BOCTH JIBHAP eCKoii 1JaCTH CMeCmeJII>HOii KaMepLl HMeIOTCJ'I napaJIJIeJII>BLIe
KaBaJILI 2 (pBC. 4.8); no BHM C 60JILmoii CKOpOCTl>1O TetIeT OXJIam,!l;alOm;aH BOAa,
9 Salla3 163
129
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OX.JIam,n;eBHH, HaSLlBaeMaH cTpyiiBoii, no AaHIWM WBPMLI, COKpa aeT npo ecc
oopa60TRH CMeCB B 06ecneUBaeT SHa HTeJII>BYIO aKOHOMHIO OXJIamAalOm;eii BO,JJ;LI
o 50%).
POTOp OBaJII>BorO TBna peSHHOCMeCHTeJIH, BLlDYCKaeMoro oTe eCTBeBBOii
npOMLImJIeBBOCTI>IO, pa60TalOm;Bii B nOAmBnBBKax Ka eBHH, nOKasaB Ba pBC. 4.9.
POTOp 1 OTJIHBaeTCH BS CTaJIH 3YJI-11 BJIH 45JI-if nOJILIM C TOJIm;HHoi CTeBOR
,11;0 60 MM. Pa60 aH tIaCTI> pOTopa COCTOHT BB ,n;BYX (BJIB eTLIpex) rpe6Beii, 06pasye-
MI>IX BHHTOBLIMH nOBepXBOCTJ'IMB. ,l(JIBBa KopOTRoro rpe6BH COCTaBJIHeT 0,4, a ,n;JIBB-
Boro - 0,7 OT 06m;eii AJIml>I pa601Jeii tIaCTB pOTopa. Pe6pa rpe6Beii, no,n;Bepra-
IOJD.lleCH CHJII>HOMY BSBOCY, BanJIaBJIHIOTCH TBepAblM CnJIaBOM; TOJIm;BBa BanJIaBJIeH-
Horo CJIOH 6-12 MM, TBep,n;OCTI> HRC 50-65. IIIeiiKH 5 pOTopa B MeCTe npOXO)J;8
BX epes ynJIOTBeBWI Sam;um;eHH CTaJII>BLIMB BTYJIKaMB 11, nocameBBLIMB Ba meiiKY
C npeccoBoi nocQAKoii.
«l>BpMa « appeJI» HSrOTaBJIBBaeT pesBBocMeCBTeJIH C OBaJIbHLIMB pOTopaMB
(pBC. 4.10), BMelOm;BMH 1JeTLlpe rpe6HJ1 1, 2, 9 B 4. DpBMeHeBHe TaKBX pOTOpOB
nOBLlmaeT npoBsBoABTeJiI>BOCTI> CMeCBTeJIH )J;O 30%.
HeAocTaToK pOTOpOB OBaJII>HOro THna - BaJI He oceBoro YCHJIBH, ,n;eiicTBY-
lOm;ero Ha Top eBLIe CTeBKB CMeCHTeJII>BOii KaMepLl, H Be06xoABMOCTI> perYJIHpO-
BaBBH nOJIOmeBBJ'I pOTopa B oceBOM BanpaBJIeBHH npB nOMOm;u cne aJII>BOrO
perYJIBpYIOm;ero YCTpoiicTBa BJIB YCTaBoBKoii nO)J;mBDBBKOB Ka1JeBWI, BOCnpH1lH-
MalOm;HX oceBYIO HarpYSKY.
«l>BpMa « peHCBc IIIoy» BLlDYCKaeT peSBBOCMeCHTeJIB C BJIH1I,n;pB eCKBMH
pOTopaMB (pBC. 4.if), BMelOm;BMH tIeTLIpe rpe6BH, BLInOJIBeBBLIe no CnBpaJiH.
POTOpLI COCTOHT HS ABYX acTeii, CoeJJ:HlleBBI>IX Mem.ny c060ii npeccoBoii noca,n;Koi.
acoBBaH aCTI> pOTopa BSrOTOBJIeHa HS JIBTOii JIerBpOBaBBoii CTaJIH C nOCJIeAY-
lOm;eii TepMo06pa60TKoii. l(BJIH1I)J;pB ecKaH n;anwa pOTopa Bl>InOJIHHeTCH BB KOBa-
Boii JIerHpOBaBBoii CTaJIH. DpB TaKoii wopMe pOTOpOB MaTepHaJI npB 06pa60TKe
nepeMem;aeTCH OT TOp OB KaMepl>I K eBTpy, noaTOMY pOTOpLI Be BCDLITI>IBalOT oce-
Boro YCBJIBH B Be Tpe6yIOTCH Cnen;BaJII>BLle perYJIHpyrom;Be YCTpoiicTBa ,n;JIH BX
YCTaBOBKH B oceBOM BanpaBJIeBBB.
BJIaro,n;apH TOMY TO BCH 06pa60TKa MaTepBaJIa B peSH1l0CMeCBTeJIe WBpMH
« peBCBC IIIoy» npoBcxOABT B sasope Mem,n;y pOTOpaMII, CTeBKB KaMepLI MeBl>me HS-
BamBBalOTCH B BeT He06xo,n;BMOCTH B BanJIaBKe ax TBepALIM CDJIaBOM; Ha-
nJIaBRa AeJiaeTCH TOJII>KO Y Mannm, npeABaSHatIeBBLIX AJIH 06pa60TKB MaTepBaJIOB,
06JIaAalOm;BX a6paSBBBLlMH CBoiiCTBaMH.
POTOPLI TpexrpaBBoii WOPMLI (pBC. 4.12) npBMeBHeT WHpMa «BepHep - DWJIHii-
,n;epep.. 3TB pOTOpLI JIY1fIIIe ypaBBoBemeBLI B OTBomeBBH oceBLIX BarpYSOK, B
OCTaJII>HOM I< HHM OTBOCHTCH Bce CKaS8.HBOe 0 pOTopax OBaJII>BorO TBna.
HOpMaJII>BaJ'I pa60Ta peSHBOCMeCBTeJIH saBBCBT OT TeXBH1JeCKOrO COCTOJ'IBBJ'I
pOTOpOB. OBB J'IBJIJ'IIOTCJ'I OCBOBBLIM YSJIOM MamHBLI H pa60TalOT B THmeJILIX yCJIO-
BHJ'IX; oc06eBHo CHJILHO BSBamBBalOTCJI pe6pa rpe6Bei, a npH BenpaBBJII>BOii aKC-
nJIyaTan;BH B nJIOXOM yxoAe sa ynJIOTBeBHJ'IMH CBJII>BO BSHamHBaIOTCH TaKme meiiKH
pOTOpOB. MSBOC pe6ep rpe6Beii BeAeT K YXYAmeBBIO nepeMemBBaBBJ'I CMeCH H y,n;JIB-
BeBHIO npon;ecca 06pa60TKB. MSBOC meeK pOTOpOB BapymaeT pa60TY ynJIOTHeHD,
KOTopLle BatIHBaIOT nponycKaTI> 60JII>moe KOJI eCTBO camB B peSBBoBoii CMeCB,
BCJIeACTBHe ero Ba meiiKax nOJlBJIHIOTCH saABpLI.
POTOpl>I HBJIHIOTCH )J;oporBMH AeTaJIHMH, cnoc06BLIMH pa60TaTI> AJIBTeJII>BOe
BpeMH, DoaTOMY OBH no,n;JIemaT RanHTaJII>BoMY peMoBTY. llpH peMoBTe pe6pa
rpe6Heii B BSBomeBBaH aCTI> meeK pOTOpOB, eCJIB Ha BHX 06paSOBaJIBCI> rJIy60KBe
KaBaBKB, npOTatIBBalOTCH H Ba BSHomeHHLIe MeCTa BanJIaBJIJ'IeTCH BOBLIii CJIoii
TBepAoro CnJIaBa.
YDJIOTBBTeJILBltle YCTpoiiCTB8 B MeCTe npoxo,n;a meiiKB pOTopa epes cTeBKY
KaMepl>I CMemeBBJ'I npeABaSBatIeHLI AJIH npeAoTBpam;eBBH npoBBKBoBeBBH camB
130
I
PBC. 4.8. CII8CBTenUaa KaMepa co C'l'pybmr O:UaHfAeBBell peaBBOCIleCBTenJI jBplGl «G»a,....
peat:
1 - KOJIJIellTOp; . - Dap8JIJIeJIbm8 1caJl1UIiI. CTPeJIKatIIII D:OKaaaHO HaDpaBJIeBUe ABJnI(8HBR BOIlY.
J
1
9
8
10
IZ /I
PBC. 4.9. POTOp OBanl>BOrO TBna peaBBOClrlecmeJJJI 250-30 saBo,qa cBOnl>meBlIItt:
1 - POTOP; '0 4 - 1I0KOBBHY CM€CBTeJIbHOa KaMepy; a - KOPDYC CMecBTeJIbH08 KaM8PY; 6 - me8Ka poropa;
6 - KOPDYC UOJIDIBDBllRa; 1 - ,ltBYXP/IJIHYit c(jJeplI'I€CKBa PGJIBKOBh18 DO,ItIIIBIJBBIC; 8 - ra8Ka; 9 - lIPilDlKa;
10 - yuJIOTBeBH8 C€BaHBTOBOe; 11 - aaunrraafl BTyJIKa; 12 - aalJ.tHTllWt en08 B8 TBePAoro MeTaJIJIa.
9*
II peaJIBOBOB: CMeCH HS RaMepLl Bapymy. YnJIOTBHTeJII>BOe YCTPOB:CTBO - 01leBI>
OTBeTCTBeBBLIii yseJI MaIlIBBLI, Tpe6YIOm;d nOCTOJ'IBBOrO BaOJIIOAeBBJI H yxo
a.
,D;JIKTeJII>BOe BpeMJ'I B peSJlBOCMeCHTeJIJ'IX cTapoii ROBCTPYR
H (c Be60JIl>mBM
AaBJIeBII8M Ba MaTepHaJI B RaMepe) npHMeBJ'IJIHCI>
pHK
OBllJile HJIH CaJII>BHKOBLIe
ynJIOTBeBHJ'I, ROTopLIe
JIJ'I ooeCnelleBHJ'I BOpMaJII>BOii paOOTLI TpeOOBaJIB CHJII>BOrO
H 01leBI> paBBOMepBoro nO)J;maTHJ'I. C nOBLImeBHeM )J;aBJIeBHJ'I B RaMepe aToro nOA-
maTHJ'I ORaaaJIOCI> Be)J;OCTaTO
O, B peaYJII>TaTe lIero OOpaOaTLIBaeMLIii MaTepnaJI
BLIAaBJIHBaJICJ'I B aaaop Mem,!{y meiiRoii pOTopa H ynJIOTBeBHeM, lITO npHBO)J;HJIO
.,
I
1
q
o
1
Pl
16
4
31
20
2"
,
27
8
PRC. 4.13. YUOTBBTeJJIdlHe YCTpOBCTBa:
a - JlByxna6upRHTBoe; 6 - TPexna6BpBHTHOe; ., - CMlOYDJIOTBlllOlI(eeCII; Z - JIa6upRHTBO-DJIaCTBRqaTOe;
1 - meaKa PGTOpa; 2 - CTeBJIa IIoKOBBRY KMiepy; a - TOpIteBOe ROJIbI\O; 4 - BBBT; 5 - JIa6upBHTHOe Rom.-
ItO; 8 - 881I(BTHall BTYJIRa; 1 - DOJlBIDIIBoe Jla6BpBBTBOe ROJIbI(O; 8 - &TyJIKa Ba POTOpe; 9 - ra8Ka; 10 -
lIJTyItep .JIII DOABOAa CMa8RB; 11 - TOPIteBOe KOJIbItO; 12 - DJlaBaJOlI(ee KOJIbl{O; 1 a - cIIpBKI\BOHHoe ROJIbItO;
14 - DpIDllBMBoe 1f0JIbI\0; 15 - Dp}'JIUIBa; 18 - «j)naJIeIt; 11 - perYJIBPOBO'IHYit 110m; 18 - peaBBoBoe
YDJlOTBBTeJIbBOe KOJIbItO; 19 - 8alI(BTBall BTYJIRa Ba pOTOpe; 20 - CMeBBafi &TyJIRa; '1, B2 - JlBCKU; .a, 24 -
ABCT8BItROBBYe ROJlbIta; '5 - paapeaBall ra8Ra; 28 - CTfI)I(BOa CSoJIT; 21 - KOpDYC DOJlIDB]lJllD(a; 28 - &TyJIRa
DOJIIIIIIDIIBRa.
R npem)J;eBpeMeBBOMY HSBOCY meeK pOTOpOB H 60JII>mOMY ROJIn
ecTBY BI>IDpeCCO-
BOR. TaKHe ynJIOTBeBHJ'I TPYABO nOAAaBaJIHCI> lIHCTRe H BOCCTaBOBJIeBHIO. B c.TIY-
lIae BLIxo)J;a H3 CTpOH
pHR
HOBBLIX H CaJII>BHROBLIX YCTpoiicTB TpeOOBaJIOCI> MHoro
BpeMeBH )J;JIH HX peMoBTa, lITO BLISLIBaJIO )J;JIHTeJII>BLIe npoCToH MamHBLI. DOCTe-
neBBO nOllTH Bce saBo)J;LI-HsrOTOBHTeJIH, B TOM lIHCJIe H OTelleCTBeBBLIe, nepeWJIH
Ba ynJIOTBeBHJ'I JIa6HpHBTBOrO THna.
Ha pHC. 4.13, a nORasaBO JJ:BYXJIaOHpJIBTBOe ynJIOTBeBHe peSHHOCMeCBTeJIH
250-30 3aBO)J;a «BOJIl>meBHR». B CTeBRe OOROBHBLI 2 RaMepLI yCTaBOBJIeBO CTaJIbHOe
Top
eBoe KOJII>
O 3, BXOAHm;ee B saTOllRY C BByTpeBBeii CTOpOBLI OOROBHBLI. Top-
eBoe ROJII>
O co CTOpOBLI CMeCHTeJII>BOii RaMepLI nORpLITO TBep)J;LIM CnJIaBOM HJIH
nO)J;BepraeTCJ'I nOBepXBOCTBoii TepMooopaooTRe. R Top
eBOMY ROJII>
RpenHTCH
npH nOMOm;H BHBTOB 4 ROJII>
O JIaOHpHBTBOrO ynJIOTBeBHJ'I 5, COCTOHm;ee H3 )J;BYX
nOJIOBHB H HMelOm;ee Ba BBYTpeBBeii,
JIIilllAPHlIeCRoii nOBepXBOCTH BHBTOByIO
Bape3KY, OOpaTByIO no BanpaBJIeBHIO Bpam;eBU pOTopa. BJIaro)J;apJ'I aToii Bape3Ke
133
peSHHOBaH CMeCb, nOnaBmaH B sasop Mem)J;Y sam.BTBoii BTYJIl(OH 6, BacameBBoii
nJIOTBO Ba meHKY pOTopa, B KOJII> OM 5, nO)J;aeTCH no peSI>OOBOH K8BaBKe CHOBa
B J\aMel'Y CMeCOTeJIH. ROJIb1J;O 5, RpoMe Toro, 06pasyeT JIaOHpBBTHLIii sasop C nO)J;-
BBmBblM KOJIbD;OM 7, nJIOTBO nocamellllLlM Ba meiiKY pOTopa. DO)J;BHmBoe KOJII>D;O 7
aaKpenJIeBO Ba meiiKe BHHTaMB H Bpam.aeTCH BMeCTe C pOTOpOM.
B JIa6BpHHT HenpepDlBBO nO)J; )J;aBJIeBBeM nO)J;aeTCH CMaSKa, oopasYIOm;aH
rB,!I;paBJI eCKOii saTBOp, npenHTcTByIOm;Hii npoxo.ny camH H peSHBLI lIepes sasop.
B JIa6BpBHTe caiKa B peSBBOBaH CMeCI> npeBpam;alOTcH B TecTooopasBYIO Maccy,
KOTopaH B BBAe TOHKOii JIeBT01JKH BDI)J;aBJIIIBaeTCH HS ynJIOTBeBOH Bapymy, TO
YKasLIBaeT Ha HOpMaJIbBYIO pa60TY ynJIOTBeBBH. CMasKa nO)J;aeTCJ'I B ynJIOTBeBBe
nO)J; )J;aBJIeBBeM 5 MDa cneD;OaJIbBLIM BaCOCOM 12C76-HM C npHBO)J;OM OT aJIeKTpO-
1I.BHraTeJIH. O)J;HaKo pa60Ta )J;BYXJIaOHpHHTBoro ynJIOTBeBBJ'I YXY)J;maeTCH npB
BhIpa60TKe BKJIa)J;LImeH HJIO 06pasoBaBBB JIlOtrOB B pOTOpBDlX nO)J;mHDBHKax.
3asopbI B JIa6HpBBTax HSMeBHIOTCH, H ynJIOTBeBHe BallHHaeT nponycKaTb camy
II pesHBY BS KaMepDl.
3aBo)J;oM {(BOJIbmeBBK) paspa60TaBo TpeXJIaOHpHBTBOe )J;BYXCTopoBBee ynJIOT-
HeBBe (pHC. 4.13, 6) no npBBD;ony )J;eiicTBHJ'I aBaJIOrHlIBOe onHcaBBOMY )J;BYXJIaOH-
PHBTBOMY ynJIOTBeHBIO. ,D;JIBBa JIa6HpHBTa SBallBTeJII>BO YBeJI BBaeTCH, H B CJIY-
1Jae sa6HBaBoH JIeBoB CTOpOBDI ynJIOTBeBBH npaBaH CTopOBa npO)J;OJI)KaeT paOOTaTI>,
TO nOSBOJIHeT Bs6ea\aTI> npOCTOH MamHBLI. BJIaro)J;apR TOMY lITO raiiKa 9 CH)J;BT
Ba BTYJIJ\e 8, JIa6BpHBTLI pa60TalOT B oOJIee oJIarOnpHHTBLIX YCJIOBHHX, H HSHOC
meiiKB pOTopa BCKJIlOlIaeTCH.
Ha poco 4.13,8 nOKasaBO JIa60pHBTBoe ynJIOTBeBHe BPMLI «,D;. BPH)J;)J())
caMoynJIOTBHIOm;erocH THna, pacc BTaBBoe Ba paooTY npH )J;aBJIeBHH Ba CMeCI>
B RaMepe CMemeBIIH )J;O 0,7 Mlla. DpHBD;Bn )J;eHcTBHH aToro ynJIOTBeBHH COCTOHT
B CJIe)J;YIOm;eM. PesHHoBaH CMeCb BLImHMaeTCH HS KaMepLI B nOJIOCTI> D H npH)lm-
MaeT nJIaBaIOm;ee KOJIb O 12 K pHKD;HOBHOMY KOJII>D;y 13. CooTBomeBBe nJIOm;a}J;eH
nOBepxBocTeH A H B TaKOBO, 1JTO B sasope C BOSHHRaeT BDlCOKoe )J;aBJIeBOe, npeBOC-
XO)J;Hm;ee )J;aBJIeHOe B KaMepe H npenHTcTByIOm;ee npoxo)J;y CMeCH lIepes aTOT sasop.
ffpymBHa 15 npltiliHMaeT KOJIb O 12 K KOJIbD;y 13, eCJIH )J;aBJIeBHe B nOJIOCTH D
HOpMaJII>BOe (Kor)J;a KaMepa CMemeBHH Be sarpymeBa). PeSHHOBaH CMeCb :B nOJIOCTB
D B8XOAHTCH B paSMHrlleBBOM COCTOHBHH B peSYJII>TaTe nO)J;a H B nOJIOCTI> CMaSKB
CneD;BaJII>HDlM BaCOCOM H CJIymHT oapbepOM )J;3H CYXOH camB. Tpym;BecH nOBepx-
BOCTH Mem)J;y KOJII>D;aMH 12 B 13 CMaSDlBalOTCH OT Bacoca mHJJ:Koii CMaSKOH. JIaoB-
pHBTBLle ynJIOTBeBHH a eKTHBHLI )J;JIH MamBB, B KOTOpDlX pOTOpLI YCTaBOBJIeBLI
B nOAmBnBBKax Ka1JeBBH. B peSHBOCMeCBTeJIHX C nO)J;mHnBBKaMH CKOJIl>meBOH,
rAe B CJI ae BSBoca BTYJIKB nO)J;mHDBHKa BapymalOTcH sasopLI B JIa6BpHHTBOM
ynJIOTBeBHB, a eKTBBBoCTb 8TBX YCTpoiicTB SBa OTeJII>BO CBBmaeTCH.
,D;JIH nOBbImeBHH a eKTHBHoCTB JIaOBpHHTBLIX ynJIOTBeBHii B peSBBOCMeCH-
TeJIJ'IX C pOTopaMB, yCTaBOBJIeBBLIMB Ba nO}J;mBnHHKax CKOJIbmeBBH, paspa60TaBa
BOBaJ'I ROBCTpyKD;HH JIa6BpBBTBOrO ynJIOTBeHOH (pHC. 4.13, e), B KOTOpoii yCTpa-
BeBLI Be)J;OCTaTKB 60JIbmBBCTBa JIaOBpBBTHDlX ynJIOTBeBHii. Ha meHKe pOTopa 1
nocameBa CMeBBaH BTYJIKa 20, BMelOm;aH pesboy Ba nOBepXBOCTB, conpBKaca-
lOm;eiicJ'I C paCTO'llWH B TopD;eBOM KOJIbD;e OOKOBBBLI 2. PesHBa, BbI)J;aBJIBBaeMaH
lIepes aTY pesb6y B sasop BepTBKaJIbBOrO JIa6BpBBTBoro ynJIOTHeBHH, npOXO)J;BT
1Jepes sasopbI Mem)J;y BByTpeBBBMB 21 II BapymHbIMH 22 )J;HCKaMB, Ky)J;a nO)J;aeTCH
MaCJIO lIepes mTYD;ep 10. ,D;BCKB y)J;epmBBalOTcH Ba onpe)J;eJIeHHOM paccToHBBH
)J;pyr OT )J;pyra]J;BcTaBD;BoHHLIMO KOJIbD;aMB 23 H 24, KOTopDle saa<BMaIOTCH paspes-
Boii raHKoii 25. flpH BDlpa60TKe BTYJIKB 28 pOTopBoro nO)J;mBnHHKa 2"7 )J;HCKH 21
II 22 cMecTHTcH, Be HapymHB JIaOBpBBTBl>1X sasopOB, 1'1 ynJIOTHeHBe 6Y)J;eT YBK-
OBBpOBaTb BOpM8.JII>HO.
Bce ynJIOTBeHBH JIa6HpBHTBoro Tona ooecne BBalOT BOplllaJIbHYIO paooTY
peS.DBOCMeCHTeJIH TOJIbKO npB oecnepe60HBoH nO)J;a e CMaSKH B nO,lUl;ep;'KaBBO
repMeTH3HpYIO ero CJIOH pesBBLI B sasope ynJIOTBeBHH B TecTo06pasBoM COCTOHBHII,
134
a T8J{me npD BOpMaJII>BLlX sasopax ynJIOTBeBBJI. noaTOMY peBHSHIO H lIHCTRY ynJIOT-
BeBHH BeOOXO)J;HMO npOHSBO)UlT1> B Kam]l;o:l CMeBe. llyCR pesHHocMeCHTeJIJ'I nocne
MOHTama DJID peMOBTa ynJIOTBeBDJ'I peKOMeBAYeTCR npOHSBOABTL C sarpYSROB B
Bero O]l;Boii-)J;BYX sanpaBOK HK; oopaoa-
TI.JBaTL B 3TOT nepHO)J; CMeCH, CO]l;epma-
m;De cepy, Be CJIeAYeT.
Y CTpoiicTBO AIDI peryupOB8BBJI
DOJIoaceBBR pOTOpoB peSIIBOCMeCIITeJIeii.
B COBpeMeBBI.JX peSHHOCMeCHTeJIHX yc-
TaBOBKa pOTopa B sa)J;aBBOM nOJIOmeBHH
D BOCDpMTBe oceBLIX YCHJIDii 06eCnellH-
BaeTCH npaBHJILBOii YCTaBOBKOB pa]l;DaJII>-
BLIX C epHlIeCKHX pOJIDKOnOAmDDBHROB.
DpD 3TOM B samaTOM nOJJ;mHDBHKe Bapym-
Hoe KOJILn;O nOJJ;mHDBDKa co CTOpOBLI
npHBO)J;a samaTO, a y nJIaBalOm;ero nO)J;-
mHnBHKa co CTOpOBLI nO)J;BO]l;a XOJIo)J;Boii
BO)J;I.J ROJILn;O YCTaBaBJIBBaeTCH C saso-
paMH. llO)J;maTDe BBYTpeBBero KOJII>n;a
npOHsBO)J;DTCH npB nOMOm;H raeK.
B CTapLIX OTe eCTBeBBLIX MamBBaX
(BanpHMep, peSHBOCMeCHTeJIHX PC-2) H
B MaWDBax BeKOTOpl.JX sapy6emBLIx (fIHpM
C pOTopaMH, paOOTaIOm;HMII B nO]l;mHnBH-
Kax CKOJII>SHm;erO THna, )J;JIJ'I yCTaBoBKH
pOTOpOB B npaBHJII>BOe nOJIOmeBHe H Bocn-
pHHTHJ'I oceBoro YCDJIHH HMeeTCJ'I perYJIH-
pYIOm;ee YCTPOHCTBO, KOTopoe BaXO)J;HTCH It
Ba ROBn;e pOTopa, co CTOpOBbI nO]l;BO)J;a
OXJIamAalOm;eii BO]l;LI.
DOJIOmeBHe pOTOpOB B npon;ecce
pa60TLI CMeCDTeJIJ'I H BeJID HHI.J sasopoB 2
AOJImBLI CHCTeMaTDlIeCKH KOBTpOJIHpo-
BaTI>CH.
3arPYS01JBoe YCTpoiiCTBO peSBHOCMe-
CHTeIDI pacnOJIaraeTCH Ha CMeCHTeJII>HOB 1
KaMepe D COCTOHT HS c06CTBeBBO sa-
rpYSOllHOH BOpOBKH H BepxBero saTBopa.
B n;eJIHX YBeJIH1IeBHJ'I 061>eMa KaMepLI
CMemeBHH Ba nepHO)J; sarpYSKH MaTepHa-
JIOB B COBpeMeHBLlx MamHBax Mem)J;y
sarpYSOllHOH BOpOBKOii H KaMepoii ycu-
BaBJIHBaeTCH rOpJIOBHBa BI.JCOTOH OT 170
)J;O 500 MM. 3TO nOSBOJIJ'IeT nO)J;aTI> B peSH-
BOCMeCDTeJII> cpasy BCIO BaBeCKY MaTe-
pHaJIOB, TO COKpam;aeT BpeMJ'I, Be06xoJJ:II-
Moe )J;JIH sarpYSKD MamDBI.J, a aTO O eBI>
BamBO npB KOpOTKHX n;HKJIaX CMemeBHH.
Ha pDC. 4.14 nOKasaBO sarpYSOllBoe YCTpoiicTBO peSHHOCMeCBTeJIR SaBO]i;a
«BOJIl>meBDK» C 061>eMOM RaMepl.J 71 JI. Ha BepxBeii nJIOCROCTH CMeCHTeJIl>HOii RaMepLl
YCTaBOBJIeBa rOpJIOBHBa 1. R Heii KpenHTCJ'I Ropnyc sarpyso1JBoii BOpOBKH llt
OOKOBl.Je CTeHKD KOTOpoii HSrOTOBJIeBLI HS lIyrYBBoro JIHTI>H, nepeABRH CTeBKa JI
OTKHAHaJ'I ]l;Bepn;a 10 BLInOJIBeBLI HS JIHCTOBOro MeTaJIJIa. ABep oii ynpaBJIJleT
BOSAYWHI.JB n;HJIHH]I;p )J;BoiiBoro )J;eiicTBHJ'I lIepes cHcTeMY pLl1JarOB; BO HSOem8BHe
""
c:::.
9
10
"
3
.c:::.
PBC. 4.14. 3arpyao1JBoe YCTpOiiCTBO peaR-
BOCKecBTeJlJl SlBoAa dlonr.meBBKt:.
1 - ropnoBBBa; S'- rpys; a - UOJ1OC'1'1r JIJIII ox-
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3TH CMeCHTeJIH 06eCne1JHBa1OT BLICOKyIO HHTeBCHBHOCTI> npo ecca, O)J;BaKO mHpo-
Koro pacnpOCTpaBeBHH B npOMLImJIeBHOCTH ORB nOKa Be nOJI HJIH.
(J>upMa «$appeJI» (CIDA) npOHSBOAUT ABYXPOTopBHe CMeCHTeJIH HeDpepLIBBoro
AeiicTBHH )J;JIJ'I nepBoii CTaAHH DpHrOTOBJIeBHH CMeCH UJIH nepepa60TKH ee Ha BTO-
poii CTa)J;HH, a Tal<a<e )J;JIH nO)J;orpeBa CMeCH nepe)J; nHTaBBeM KaJIaBAPOB H epBJ'I'l-
HLIX MamUB. B nOCJIeABHe rO)J;LI B CIDA, ABrJIHB U q>pr B"ID eBLI BOBLIe C'MeCH-
TeJIH Benpepl>IBBOrO AeiicTBUH THDa «IDepMIIRc» H «TpaBc4>epMHI<C».
$HpMa «BepBep - Dq.JIJ'IiiAepep» BLlDYCKaeT CMeCBTeJIB TBna «TpaHcq.epMHKC)
CJIe)J;YIOm;HX paSMepOB:
MapKa MamBBH R3 1/4 R4 1/4 R6 R8 RiO R12 R15 R21
)J;UaM9Tp 'Iep-
BHKa, 11M 102/83 140/115 190/152 254/203 318/254 381/305 470/380 660/534
06m;uii BH)J; CMeCHTeJIH TUna «TpaB$pMJIRCJ} R 21 C pOTopaMH )J;HaMeTpOM
534 MM H DpHBO)J;OM MOm;HOCTI>IO BOO KBT cf)HpMLI «BepBep - Dq.JIH:B)J;epep)'
($pr) nOl<aSaB Ha pHC. 4.20. Pa60Ta TaROro CMeCHTeJIH OCHOBaBa Ha TOM, TO 1Jep-
BHK CMeCHTeJIH, KaK Hero KOpnyC, BMeeT KOBH1JeCKyIO pesL6y, BO aTU BapeSI<H
npOTHBOnOJIOmBO BanpaBJIeHLI, 6JIarO)J;apH eMy )J;oCTBraeTCH BBTeBCHBBoe nepe-
MemHBaBHe KOMnOBeBTOB CMeCH H paSBHBalOTCH OOJIl>mBe cpeSLIBalOm;He yCHJIHH,
1JeM B 06LI BO:B epBJ'I1JBOii MamHHe.
TeXH eCKaH XapaRTepHCTlIRa CMeCHTeJIH «TpauCcf}ePMHI<C» R 21 npHBe)J;eBa,
Bume:
npOB8BO TeJlbBOCTb, Kr/'I
E BoBpeMeBBaH 3arpY3Ka, Kr
Pa3MepH 'IepBHKa, 11M
AJiUBa .......
ABaMeTp
B 30Be 3arpys1UI .
B 30Be Depepa60TKB .
qacTOTa BplUI(eBBH, 06/WlB
MODUlOCT:& 8J1eKTpOABBraTeJlIt
npBBona, KBT ..............
ra6apoTBHe paSMepH (6ea 8J1eKTpoABBraTeu), )()(
AJIBBa .
mBpRBa
BHOOTa ...................
15 000
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. 534
. 1,5-15
1100
10800
7300
3580
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H C ABYMH TOJIKalOm;HMH YCTpoiicTBaMB )J;JIH sarpYSKH MaTepHa,na.
Ha pHC. 4.21, a nOKasaBa cxeMa o)J;BocTa)J;HiiBoro CMeCHTeJIJ'I «Tp8.Hc4>epMHKC»,
HS KOTOpoii BH)J;BO, TO BI>ICOTa HapeSKH pOTopa I y6LIBaeT OT sarpyso Boro KOBo;a
K BLIXO)J;y, a pesL6a Kopnyca 2 COOTBeTCTBeBBO YBeJI HBaeTCH. B pesYJII>TaTe
aToro CMeCI> nepe)J;aBJIHBaeTCJ'I HS BHTI<OB pesL6LI pOTopa B pesl>6y KopDyca; TaRoii
nepexo)J; CMeCH ocym;eCTBJIHeTCH B l<amAOM BUTKe (pHC. 4.21, a). 3a BpeMH Dpoxom-
)J;eBHH MaTepHaJIa 'Iepes CMeCHTeJIIt OB )J;eJIaeT TaKoii DepeXO)J; o)J;m pas; B aTOM
CJIY1Jae «Tp8.Hcq.epMHI<C) BaSI>IBaeTCH OABocTyne aTLIM BJIH OABOCT8AHiiBLIM CMe-
CHTeJIeM. DepeXOA CMeCH HS peSI>6LI B )J;pyrylO epes MaJILIii sasop Mea<,!{y BBTKaMH'
06eCne'lHBaeT HHTeHCHBBoe nepeMeDIBBaBBe H rOMoreBBsao;HIO CMeCB.
,I(BYXCTaAHiiBLIii «TpaBcq.epMHKC) nOKasaB Ba pHC. 4.21, 6. B aToii MamHBe
CMeCL )J;Bam)J;LI nepeXOAHT HS pOTopa B I<opnyc. HHTeBcHBHoCTL nepeMemHBaBHJ'I
B TaKOM CMeCBTeJIe BLIme, 'IeM B o)J;BocTaAriBoM, ee MomHO perYJIHpOBaTL Be-
JIB'UlBoii sasopa Mem)J;y BHTKaMH pesL61>I, C)J;BHraH pOTOp B oceBOM BanpaBJIeBHB.
10 3aR&a 163 145-
rOJIOBKa 4. Pe)J;YKTop 10 coe)J;HBHeTCH C 3JIeKTpOABUraTeJIeM nOCTOHBBoro TOKa
12 MOm;BOCTLIO 800 KBT, Sal<pLITLIM, npucnOC06JIeBHI>1M )J;JIJ'I pa60TLI B cpeAe, sa-
nLIJIeHBOii cameii. 3JIeKTpo)J;BBraTeJIL OXJIam;D.aeTCH BOSAYXOM, KOTOpWB nO)J;aeTCH
BeBTHJIHTOpOM 13. BOSAYX D.HPKYJIUPyeT no BOS,nYXOBO)J;aM 15 H 16 H OXJI8iK-
;D.aeTCH, npoxo;D.J'I
epes BOAHBOii BOS)J;YXOOXJIa;D.RTeJII>.
CxeMaTR
eCI<Hii paspes no Kopnycy peSHBOCMeCHTeJIH BenpepLIBBoro )J;eiicT-
BHH PCH
-380/450-1 nOKasaB Ba puc.4.23. He)J;opa60TaBHaH peSHHOBaH CMeCL
nocTynaeT B sarpysotIHoe YCTpoiicTBO U npH nOMOJD.1I TOJJI<8TeJIH 18 nBeBMaTH1JeC-
I<oro )J;eiicTBI1JI nOAaeTCH B sarpysotlBYIO cel<IJ.1!1O pesBBocMeCHTeJIH, rAe
saXBaTWBaeTCH
epBHKOM 8, 1!MeroJD.l'IM Ba
aTOM yqaCTl<e AByxsaXOABYIO
IJ.HJIUHAPH
eCI<YIO pe31-6y. qepBHK npOTaJJKBBaeT CMeCI> B Cel<IJ.HIO
CMemeBBH 9, TlI,e fJIy61'1Ha peSI>6LI qepBHKa nOCTeneDBO YMeBLmaeTcH,
a rJJy6BDa peSI>6Li Iwp.:yca YEE'Jll'I'HII!a€TCH, H ClIf€CI> nOCTeneDHO lIS BHTI<OB
pesL6LI '1fpFHI\a nepfXO)lD'I B PD'1KH peSI:tl>1 I I\Ornyca mpBoii nOJIOBHHLI
I, ,6 7 8 9 70 17 12
13
II,
16 /5
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-380J450-1:
1 - DJIHTa; 2 - nOCTa)leHT; 3 - BCDOMoraTeJIbBali ODopa; 4 - rp8HYJIJlPYJOIltM ronoBKa; 6 - ceKD;IIJI BllU\aBJIH.
BaBUII; 6, 7 - CeKIn!u cMemeuu; 8 - ceJ<W!1I sarpYSKU; 9 - 3arpY30'IBoe ycTpOaCTBO; 10 - peJlyJl'lOp; 11 -
3y6'18TaJI MyejlTa; 12 - aneKTpO,ItBuraTeJIb; 18 - BeRTHJIllTOP 06J1yaKB 8neJC'J'JlOJIBuraT€JIII; 14 - B03J1yXooxna-
JlIITeJIb; 16, 16 - BOSAYXOBOAY.
Cel<D.HH CMemeHlJH 9. Ha npOTHmeBHH BTOpoii DOJIOBHBW CeKI(BU CMeme-
HHH 9 npOHCXO)J;BT 06paTHaH KapTuaa: rJIy6HHa pesl>6L1 1JepBHKa YBeJIH1JBBaeTCH,
a rJIy6HBa peSI>6LI Kopnyca YMeBbmaeTcH, H CMeCI> HS BHTKOB peSI>6LI Kopnyca
CBOBa nepeXO)J;HT B BHTKH peSI>6LI
epBHKa H nO)J;aeTCH 1JepBHKOM B CJIe)J;YIOJD.YIO
eeKl(B1O CMemeBBH, r)J;e npo
ecc nOBTOpHeTCH. Dpu DepeXO)J;e HS BHTKOB peSl>6LI
epBHKa B BHTKH pesb6LI I<opnyca peSHBOBaH CMeCI> npeTepneBaeT BBTeBCHBHLIe
Ae<l>opMaD.HI'I CABHra H cpesa H xopomo nepeMeml'lBaeTCH. rpe6HH BIITKOB Kopnyca
H
epBHl<a BanJIaBJIeHLI TBepALIM CDJIaBOM. 'tJepBJ'IK, pa60TaIOm.Hii B THmeJILIX
YCJIOBHHX, BLInOJIBeB HS CTaJIH 40X. .
lis CeKI(BH CMemeB1!H 11 pesHBoBaH CMeCI> nocTynaeT B ce
UIO BW)J;aBJIHBa-
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Bpa
alOm.HMCH HO>I,eBLIM YCTpoiicTBOM, npHBOAJIMWM B )J;Bu:meRHe OT 1JepBJ'IKa. B KOp-
nyce sarpysOqBOH CeKD.HH 4 sanpeCCOBaBa fHJILSa 5, 06pasYIOJD.aH C KopnycoM
nOJIOCTI> 6 )J;JIH oXJIam)J;alOm;eii BO)J;hI. Kopnyca 9 OCTaJII>BLlX ceK
JDfelOT cHapymH
pe6pa, K KOTOpLIM npnBapeBa py6aml<a 10, 06paSYIOJD.aH C pe6paMH nOJIOCTH 11
)J;JIH OXJIamAaIO
eii BO)J;I>I. TeMnepaTypa oXJIaa<)J;aIOJD.eB BOAW perYJIHpyeTCH,
H TeM caMhlM perYJIUpyeTcH TeMnepaTypa SOB peSHBOCMeCUTeJIH. TaKHX SOB pery-
JIHpOBaBBH TeMnepaTYPLI meCTI>: SODa rOJIOBI<H., SOB a ceK
H BLI)J;aBJIHBaBHH,
10. 147
)J;Be SOBLI ceKD;D CMemeBBJ'I, SORa sarpYSKH It SOBa 1JepBJ'IKa. B Kam)J;YIO SOBY
BO)J;a nO)J;aeTCH caMOCTOHTeJII>HLIM
pKyJIH
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1,5 R-6.
Ropnyc sarpyso1JBoii ceKo;mt 4 COeAHBeB C KopnycoM pe,!{yRTopa DpoMemYTo
-
Boii BCTaBKoii 2, B ROTOpoii paSMem;eB paADaJII>Ho-ynopmm DO):(DIJIIIBHR 3.
,l(JIma rpaRYJI MomeT MeBHTI>CH nYTeM HSMeBeBBJ'I CKOpOCTI'I Bpam.eHBJ'I Bome-
Boro YCTpoiicTBa sa C1JeT CMeBBLIX mecTepReii DpHBO)J;a.
PesHBoCMeCmeJII> BenpepLIBBoro )J;eiiCTBHH PCH,l(-380/45Q-1 npeARaSRa1JeR
,lJ;JlH pa60TLI B OABOii TeXBOJIorH1JeCKOii JImDnI C peSHHOCMeCHTeJIeM nepHo
eCKoro
eiicTBHH 250-80, B 1<0TOpOM npOHCXOADT nepBaH CTaAHH CMemeBHH; peSHROByIO
CMeCI> OB nOJI
aeT OT nOCJIe)J;Bero.
HHme npHBe)J;eBa KpaTl<aH TeXBH1JeCKaH Xapal<TepHCTHKa pesuBocMeCHTeJIH
PCH,l(-380/45Q-1 (HR)J;eKc MamBBLI 2H121):
npOS3BO,!tBTeJlbBOCTb, T/'I.
,!(BaMeTp qepBIIKa, MM . . .
tJaCTOTa Bpa
eBBII 'l.epBHKa, 06/MDB .
PerYJlBpOBaBBe CKOpOCTR Bpa
eBRH qepBHKa
npe.n;en perYJIBpOB8HHH TeMIIepaTypH, °C
qBCJlO 30B perynBpoBaBRR
,!(aBneBBe, Mna
BOAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
B03.n:yXa ..............
PacxOA, 101 3 /'1.
BOAH Ba OXJlam.n;eBHe peaHBocM9CHTenH
BO.!(b1 1Ia OXJlam.n;eBDe B03AyxooxJlaAH-
TeJlH ............
B08Ayxa . . . . . .' . . . . . . . . .
3neKTpOABBraTeJlb npllBoAa nOCTOHBBoro
TOKa
TBn . . . . . . . . . .
MO
OCTb, KBT ....
'laCTOTa Bp
eBBH, 06/MBB . . .
Pe
YRTOp npllBoAa AByxcTyneBqamB
nepeAaTO'1BOe qBCnO . . . . . . .
BeBTBMTOp 9J1eKTpOJI,BRraTeJlH opllBoAa
3J1eKTpOABRraTeJIb BeBTBnRTOpa
TBD . . . . . . . . . . .
MO
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qaCTOTa Bp
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ra6apBTBHe pa8MepH, 101M
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5-8
380/450
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20-140
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MaTepHaJIOB, C TpaBcnOpTHLIMH YCTpoiiCTBaMH (CM. rJI. 3), a TaKme C 06oPYAoBa-
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nOArOTOBl<oii, AosHpoBaBHeM H nOAa eii B CMeCHTeJII>BLIe arperaTLI TBep)J;wx B mBA-
KHX MaTepBaJIOB.
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npoBeAeHHe Bcex onepaO;Hii O;HI<JIa npHrOTOBJIeBHH pesHHoBLIX cMeceii: B yCTaBOBJIeB-
Hoii nOCJIeAOBaTeJILBOCTH B YCJIOBHJ'IX nOTO Boro npoBsBoAcTBa npH aBTOMaTHSH-
pOBaBHoM ynpaBJIeBHH no saAaBBOH nporpaMMe, HBJIHeTCH OCBOBOii nOTO HO-
aBTOMaTH eCI<HX JIHBHii npHrOTOBJIeBHH pesHBollLIX cMeceii (DAJI). 'tJHCJIO nOT01JBO-
aBTOMaTH1JeCKBX JIHHHii, 1<0TOpOe MomeT BI<JIIO aTI> COBpeMeBBLIii nO)J;rOTOBHTeJII>HLlii
ex, )J;OCTHraeT 15-20 npH YCJIOBHH, TO 060pY)J;oBaHHe )J;JIH npHeMa, xpaBe-
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TOB peSHBOBLIX cMeceii HBJJHeTCH 06JD.HM AJIH Bcex JJHHD BJIH HX onpeAeJIeHHLI
rpynn.
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nOAaTI> co cKJIaAoB CHpLH KOMnoBeBTLI, Bxo)J;HJD.He B COCTaB cMeceii, AosHpoBaTJ>
HX CJIe)J;yeT cTporo B COOTBeTCTBHB C peo;enTaMH npHrOTaBJIHBaeMHx cMeceii H sa-
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HOCTH H B s8AaHHoe BpeMH. B saBBCBMOCTB OT npOAOJImHTeJII>BOCTH . BKJIOB CMeme-
BHH H npOHsBOAHTeJII>BOCTH K KamAoMY pesBHOCMeCHTeJIIO B CyTKB Be06xo)J;BMO
nOAaTL AO 20-25 T paSJIII'IBLIX MaTepHaJIOB: )J;JIH 60JII>mBX nO)J;rOTOBBTeJII>BLIX
exoB, B KOTOpLIX 1JHCJIO pesHBocMeCHTeJIeii )J;OCTHraeT 20 H 60JIee, KOJIH1JeCTBo-
nO)J;aBaeMhIX MaTepHaJIOB B CYTI<H )J;OXO)J;HT AO 400. T H BLIme.
Ha Bel<OTOpLIX saBO)J;ax PTH npHMeHHeTCH )J;O 1500 pe enTOB peSHBOBLIX
cltleceii, B TOM HCJIe TOJIIoI<O OCBOBHLIX peo;enTOB - OKOJJO 500. Ha saBoAax peSHHO-
Boii 06YBH 1JHCJIO peo;enTOB npeBLlmaeT 200. B mHHBOM npoHsBo)J;cTBe, rAe CneO;HaJIB-
saO;HH saBO)J;OB npOBO)J;HTCH 60JIee 1JeTKO, BCJIO peo;efiTOB SBa HTeJII>BO MeBl>me.
PeSKO KOJIe6JIeTCH paSMep AOSLI MaTepHaJIa B OABOii sanpaBKe - OT 300-500 r
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JIHX H TO, TO B BaCTOHm;ee BpeMH BKJI nepBOB: CTa)J;HH CMemeBBSI (npH )J;BYXCTa-
AHiiHLIX npoo;eccax npHrOTOBJIeBHH peSHHOBLIX cMeceii) cOKpam;eB )J;O 2-2,5 MHB
1'1 MeHLme, TO CTaBOBHTCJ'I 01JeBU)J;HLIM, TO 06ecne eBHe nOAa H, )J;OSHpOBaBBSI
H sarpYSKH TaKoro KOJIll'leCTBa pasBo06paSHLIX 1<0MnOBeBTOB - sQJJ:a a O eBIt
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sa)J;a1Ja MomeT 6LITI> pemeBa TOJII>I<O B yCJIOBHHX nOT01JHOrO npOBSBO)J;CTBa Ba aBTO-
MaTH eCI<HX JIHBBHX. Pa60Ta DAJI MomeT C01JeTaTI>CH C Be60JII>IIJ1DI ROJlH1JeCTBOl..
p HLIX onepa - 3TO B OCBOBBOM norpYS01JBO-pasrpYSO BLle onepa Ba
npOMemYT01JBhIX aCTKax xpaHeHBH CLIpl>H H nOJIycl>a6pBKaTOB.
tOO
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30M, H B saBBCBMocm OT 8Toro Ba aaBO)J;ax npBMeHJ'IIOTCJ'I HB)J;HBH)J;yaJII>BM, eHT-
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" '.
PIIC. 5.1. np lDIJIanr.Baa CXeMaIlB.l(BB yaJIr.Boii OCBaCTKB 060pY,!{OBallBeM aBTOMQTD'l9CROii
paaBeCKIl peamOCMecDTeJllI ,!{nJi o,II.BoCTa,!{uiiBoro Dpo ecca DpBrOTOBnesllJl peamoBHx cMeceii:
1 - lIPoJl;ysOqllYa lIaK; 2 - aBTOllaftq€CKBe BeChl THUa 4,IXnC-5 JlJIII MIIl"IIITenea; 8 - aBTOllaftq€CKBe Becw
THUa 4.u;nC-1 fi JlJIII MIIl"IB'I'eJIea; 4 - m1PKYJIIII!BOBHYe Tpyl!oUPOBOJIY AJIII MIII"IBTeJIel; 5 - paCXoAlIYe lIyJI-
Repa P;JIII CaJRH; 6 - DBTaTeJIH C UorpymHYMII CKpeliKaArB AJIII C81RH; 'I - aBTOJlla €CRue seChl AJIFI CaJRB;
8 - sarpyao'DIaJI eMKOCTb JlJIII camu; 9 - pe8B110CMeCIITeJIb PC-2fiO-30; 10 - RlDKel<TOp; 11 - ManaR; 12 -
paCJ:OAHY8 lI}'HRep 1J;JlII cepr.r; 13 - DIITaTeJIb BullpollIReKOBya; 14 - aBTOMaftqeCKUe B€CY THUa 0.u;CC-5;
15 - paCJ:OAIIYI IIYBKep AJIII mmeBoA lIarBe8HB; 16 - DHTaTenb BHllpomReKOBW; 1'1 - aBTOMaftq€CKue
secr.r Tuoa 0,IXCC-20; 18 - pacJ:oJllIYe lIyRKepa 1J;JIII YCKopllTeJlel; 19 - aBTOMaTB'f€CKue BeCY THUa 0.u;n-2;
30 - sarpysoquafi eMKOCTf> JlJIII cePY; 21 - sarpyao'IHaJI eMKOCTb 1J;JIII mmeBol MarUe8UU; Illl - sarpysomaR
eMROCTb JlJlII YCKOpBTeJleA; 28 - pacxOJllIYe IIYBKepa 1J;JIII DpOTBBOCTapllTeJlel; 24 - aBTOMaftqeCKBe secy
THUa 0.u;n-2; 25 - KOIlTeilBep nep€JIBHIf(BOa; 116 - MOBOPem.COSaJI Aopora; 2'1 - paCJ:OAlIHa lI}'HRep JlJIII MeJIa;
28 - DlITaTeJIb ABYXBBHTOBOI; 39 - pacxoARYit IIYIIRep AJIII KaOJIRBa; 30 - DIITSTeJIb BHBTOBOI; 31 - paCJ:OA-
"WI lI}'HRep JlJlII 01(UCII JtIffII(S; all - DBTaTeJIb SUBTOBol; 33 - IlBTOMaTII'f€CKlfe B€CY THUa 0.u;II}(-80; 34 -
fjSCXOARYI lI}'HRep JlJIII cDeltllR'l'}'MS; 35 - pacJ:oJlHYil: lIyIIKep JlJIFI CMOJIY «!Il'H04!op ,,0,,; 36 - paCXOAIIHfi yII-
Kep .ltJIFI OKRCH I!BIIRS; 3'1 - SSTOMSftq€CKRe BeCY THUa 0)J;CC-10; 38 - PSCXOABldI IIYHKep AJIII KSBH4JoJIO;
89 - pacJ:oJlBldI lIyIIKep 1/.Jlfl pe8OTPonORa; 40 - DBTaTeJIb BHHTOBOA; 41 - aBTOMIITB'l€CKHe secY THDa 0)J;CC-5;
42 - OC8ARTeJIbRYe eMKOCTR JlJIII rpaHYJI KaYqyKa; 43 - POTSIIHOHlIYit nBTaTeJIb; 44 - paCJ:OJlHW IIYRKep
AJIII rpaBYJIllpOBIUUUIIJ: KayqyJ<OB; 45 - nBT3Ten!> Jl;SYXBUIfTOBOI; 46 - aSTOJlla €CKHe secy TBDa 0.u;I<Q-200;
4'1 - TPaHCDOpTeP JIeBTOqRYit DeperpysoqRYit; 48 - TPaHCDOpTep JICBTO'lRYit sarpysoqRYit; 49 - DOJIyaBTO-
IICSftq€Crare oIJeBTOqllYe BeeM TBlIa .u;TI<Q-120.
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aBTOMaT eCKoii paSBeCKH peSHHOCMeCHTeJIJ'I, npe)J;HaSHa1JeHBOrO AJIJ'I O)J;HOCTa-
JJ;UiiHLIX npOD;eCCOB npBfOTOBJIeHM peSHBOBLIX cMeceii. Ha npBMepe 3TOii cxeMLI
paa6epeM )J;eiiCTBYIO He H nepcneKTIIBBLIe CHCTeMLI pasBecRB II nO)J;a1JH B pesBHo-
CMeCHTeJIII MaTepHaJIOB, BXO)J;HDJ.IIX B COCTaB pesBHoBLIX cMeceu.
6.1.1. YCTaHoBKH AnR TpaHcnopTMpoBaHMR
M A03HpOBaHMR caNt
CamH, npeHM eCTBeBHO B rpaHYJIHpOBaHBOM BH)J;e, nO)J;aIOTCH liS 6YBRepHoro
npKpeJIbCOBOro CRJIa)J;a JlBHHHMH BenpepLIBBoro TpaHcnopTa B paCXO)J;BLIe 6ya-
Repa 5 (CM. pHC. 5.1), OTKY)J;a nHTaTeJIJ'IMB cRpe6RoBoro mna 6 OHB aarpymaIOTCJ'I
151
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BII3MLI.
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cnopTHpOBaHHJ'I paSHLIX THDOB cam KaR rp8.HYJIHpOBaHBLIX, TaR H BerpaHYJIBpO-
BaHHLIX 60JII>we Bcero Y)J;OBJIeTBOpJ'IIOT 3aKpLITLIe JIeHT01Jlllde ROBBeiiepLI C OT60pTo-
BaBHoii JIeBToii. KOHBeiiepLI, OCHam;eHHLIe JIeHTaMH C 60pTaMH, npeABaSBa aIOTCJ'I
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2,5 pasa BLIme npOHSBO)J;HTeJIbHOCTb
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TO oc06eHHo BamHO AJIJ'I TaRHX Ma-
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KOHCTPyKTIIBHLIX oc06eBBOCTeii. HBiK-
HJ'IJ'I aCTb Rop06a 1 B OTJIH He OT
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TOBLIX ROHBeiiepoB). CKpe6KH 2 THrOBoii eDH HSrOTOBJIeHLI 1'13 HaiiJIOHa llJIII aJIIO-
'MHHHeBoro JIIITI>J'I C HaiiJIOHOBLIMH HaRJIa)J;KaMB H HMeIOT cIIoPMY cemeHTa.
BepXHJ'IJ'I XOJIOCTaH BeTBb 5 TJ'IrOBOii D;enH )J;BHmeTCJ'I no rJIaAKOii DJiaCTMaCcoBoii
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UaiiJIOHa H APyrllx nJIaCTHKOB B Ka eCTBe MaTepHaJIOB )J;JIJ'I cKpe6KoB H HanpaB-
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PBC. 5.2. CKpe6KoBbIi ROBBei:ep C DorpymBHMB
CRpe6RaMB THDa cCynep-c)noy&:
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no Tpy60npoBo)J;aM B npOMemyTO HLIe eMROCTH D;eXOBoro aCTRa HX xpaHeHHJ'I
II OTTY)J;a HacocaMH - B D;lIpKyJIHD;1I0HUYIO cHcTeMy4 (CM. pHC. 5.1), OXBaTLIBaIOJD.YIO
Bce peSHHOCMeCIITeJIII. lis D;HPKYJIJ'ID;HOHHOii CHCTeMLI 1Jepe3 9JIeRTpoynpaBJIJ'IeMLIe
KJIanaHLI MHrqllTeJIH nocTynalOT K aBTOMaT eCKIIM BecaM 2 II 3, B8BemIlBaIOTCJ'I
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152
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Tpy6onpOBOAH IQIPRYJIJ'I HOBBOii CHCTeMLI H BBYTPH eXOBLIe MaTepHaJIOnpOBO)J;LI
AJIJ'I MJ'Ir1fHTeJIeii npOKJIaALIBalOTCH C naponpOBOABLIMH CDyTmmaMH, a eMKOCTH
UMeIOT py6amKH )J;JIJ'I napOBoro 060rpeBa.
5.1.3. YCTaHoBKM AMI nOAat.lM Cbtnyt.lMX MHrpeAMeHToB
CLI He HBrpe)J;HeBTLI nO)J;aIOTCJ'I (CM. pHC. 5.1) B paCXO)J;BLIe 6YURepa 12,
15, 27, 29, 31, 34, 35, 36 H 38 B ROBTeiiBepax 25 no MOBOpeJII>COBOH Aopore 26.
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MaTHSHpOBaBLI, sa IICKJII01JeBlleM onepa lIii SanOJIBeBHJ'I 1<0BTeiiBepoB, ROTopLIe
BLInOJIBHIOTCJ'I Ba CKJIa)J;ax BP BYIO C npBMeBeBHeM MexaBIISHpOBaBBLIX cpeACTB.
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32, 40 CLIn He HBrpe)J;lIeBTLI sarpymalOTCJ'I B aBTOMaT eCKHe BeCLI 24, 33, 37, 41
H nOCJIe BSBemHBaBIIJ'I nocTynalOT Ba neperpyso BLIii JIeBT01JBLIii TpaBcnopTep 47,
ROTOpLlM nO)J;aIOTCJ'I Ba sarpys01JBLIii JIeBTo1JBLIii TpaBcnopTep 48 H )J;aJIee - B pesu-
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nocTynaeT OKIICI> MarBIIJ'I 113 paCXO)J;Horo 6YUKepa 15. B aBTOMaTII eCKlle BeCLI 17
KIICb MarBM nepe)J;aeTCH BH6pomueKoBLIM nHTaTeJIeM 16.
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BJIII JIeBT01JBLIMH ROBBeiiepaMH. MeJI H RaOJIHH, paCXO)J;yeMLIe B 60JII>mHX ROJIH-
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B saBllCHMOCTII OT TpaCCLI H TeXBOJIOrll1JeCI<Oro 060pY)J;oBaHIIJ'I. B Tex cJI aJ'Ix,
Ror)J;a Be06xo)J;BMo'nepe)J;aTb MaTepHaJi HS O)J;Boro MeCTa norpYSRH R BeCKOJIbRHM
MeCTaM BLIrpYSRH, npBMeBJleTCJ'I npeIlMYm;eCTBeBBO BarBeTaTeJII>BaJ'I CHCTeMa,
II Ba060poT, npH nepeBoce MaTepHaJia HS UeCROJIbRHX MeCT R O)J;BOMY - BcaCLI-
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8aTb MaTepHaJi Ba paCCTOJ'IBHe AO 300-400 M, a B pJ'I)J;e CJI aeB H 60JIee. Bo Bca-
CLIBaIOm;IIX yCTaHOBKaX )J;JIHBa Tpy6onpOBO)J;OB He npeBLImaeT 200, peme 250 M.
B yKasaHBLIX CllCTeMax DBeBMa eCRoro TpaBcnopTa CLIn HX MaTepHaJIOB ROB-
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cnopTHpYIOm;ero Bos.nyxa B e)J; e 06'beMa CMeCH, nO)J;aBaeMoii )J;aBBoii nBeBMO-
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HBJ'I Banopa )J;O 100 MM BO)J;. CT.), cpeABero ()J;o 300 MM BO)J;.CT.) H BLICOI<OrO ()J;o
1500 MM BO)J;. CT.). llpH 60JIee BLICOKOM )J;aBJIeBHH npIlMeBHIOTCJ'I nopmBeBLIe llJIH
pOTa 1I0BBLIe BOS)J;YXO)J;YBBLIe MamHBLI.
5.1.4. YCTaHoBKM AnR nOAat.lM MMKpoKoMnoHeHToB
MIIl<pOI<OMnOBeBTLI - 3TO CLIn He HBrpe)J;HeBTLI, ROTopLIe BXOAJIT B COCTaB
peS1IB0BLIX cMeceii B Be60JIbmHX ROJIH1JeCTBax (YCROpBTeJIH, cepa H APyrne ByJIKa-
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153
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TpaHCnOpmpyIOTCJ'I co CI<JIQJJ:a 3JIeKTpOICapaMII H 1Jepes sarpyso1JBHe mRa4lLl Bp -
ByIO sarpymaIOTCJ'I B paCXOJJ:HLIe 6YBI<epa 18 (CM. pHC. 5.1). ,l{aJIee BH6pODIBeI<O-
BLIMJI nHTaTeJIJ'IMII 13 OBH nO)J;aIOTCJ'I B aBTOMaT eCRHe BeCLI 19 H nOCJIe BSBemBBa-
BU 1Jepes sarpys01JByIO eMKOCTb 22 nocTynaIOT B peSIIBOCMeCHTeJIH. Cepa nocTY-
naeT B pacxoABLIii 6YBICep 12 H BII6pomBeKoBLIM nHTaTeJIeM 13 nOCJIe BSBemBBaBHJI
PRC, 5.3. npBBn;lUJBaJIt.BaH cxella ynaKoBo'IBoro aBTOllaTa:
1.- TpyllqaTY8 KaHan; 3 - 4!oPMl!PYJOIQRit aneMeHT; 3 - BarpeBaTeJJhRblI 8neMeB'l'
DPOA,onbHoro msa; 4 - BHIfIJ/Jdt CTYKOBOq&1II8 BarpeBaTeJJhBY8 8neMeB'l'; 5 - BepDIJIA
CTYI(OBOqBY8 RarpeBaTeJIbBY8 8neMeBT; 6 - cqeT'!BJI MeIlfl(OS; 1 - BOlli; 8 - SaJIY
C YUP8BJlll1OII\BMB Kyna'lKaMB; 9 - BBlipaTOp; 10 - KOMDeReaTOp; 11 - peryJIllTOp Ba-
TJI)I(eRB1l DJIeBICJI; 1B - pynoR DOJIJI8TBJIeROBOa DJIeBJIB; 13 - Jla"BJI KOBTpOJIJI .a-
MeTpa pynoRa; 14 - yaen uplDfCBMa DneBKB; 1$ - 8arpY80q&U sopORKa.
Ba aBTOMaTH1JeCRHX Becax 14 epes OT)J;eJIbBYIO aarpya01lByIO eMI<OCTI> 20 no-
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UOAa1Ja MBlCpolCOMDOBeBTOB DPB DOMO B aBTOMaTB1JeCICBX CBCTeM C JIeBTO'lllIdMB
lCoBBeiiepaMB. Hllme )J;aB.o oDBcaBHe CIICTeMLI )J;osHpOBaBHJ'I H nO)J;a H MJU(pOROMDO-
BeHTOB, 060pY)J;oBaBlle )J;JIJI ROTOpoii BLlnycRaeTCJ'I 4IHpMOii «CabOH» (ABrJIHJI).
MHRpOROMDOBeHTLI pasBemHBaIOTCJ'I Ba eHTpaJiUSOBaHBOM aCTRe, ROTOPLIii
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c60pHLIe eMKOCTH, ynaRoB01lBLIe aBTOMaTLI )J;JIJ'I HSrOTOBJIeBHJ'I nOJIH3THJIeHOBh1X
MeDI01JROB H ynal<OBI<H B BUX BaBeCOI< MHKpOI<OMnOBeHTOB.
,l{JIJ'I npoMemyT01JHOrO xpaBeBIIJ'I rOTOBh1X BaBeCOR B nOJIH3TIIJIeBOBLlX )femo -
Kax H )J;JIJ'I nepe)J;a1JH H pacnpe)J;eJIeBHJ'I ux no peSHBOCMeCHTeJIJ'IM npe)J;ycMoTpeHN
JIeBT01JHLIe TpaBcnopTepLI; JIeBT01JBLIe TpaBcnOpTept.I IICnOJIbsYIOTCJI H )J;JIJI sa-
rpYSI<H nO)J;rOTOBJIeBBLIX BaBeCOR B Mem01Jl<ax B CMeCIITeJIbBLle arperaTLL
154
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KOTopLIe CJIymaT )J;JIJ'I CHrHMHSaIQIH 0 BepXHeM ypOBBe MaTepBaJia. Cpe)J;HHii H BH)I(-
BHii YPOBHH BJIH nOJIHOe onopomHeHHe 6YUI<epa OT MaTepHaJia cIIHKCDpyIOTCJ'I
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)J;ylO AOSY MaTepHaJIa, OTOHpaeltIOrO DS 6YUKepa.
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cxeMa ynal<OBO HOro aBTOMaTa nORasaHa Ha pHC. 5.3.
TOHKaJ'I nOJIH3THJIeHOBaJ'I nJIeHKa xpaHDTCJ'I B BH)J;e PYJIOBa 12 nOsa)J;H aBTO-
lttaTa. nOCTYDHBmaJ'I B aBTOMaT nOJIH9THJIeHOBaJ'I nJIeHl<a OOOpa1JDBaeTCH BOKpyr
Tpy61JaTOrO ma6JIOHa, HaXO)J;H erOCH B cIIopMHpyIOm;eM 9JIeMeHTe 2, H cBapHBaeTCJ'I
BarpeBaTeJII>HLIM 9JIeMeBTOM npO)J;OJIbHOrO mBa 3. B pesYJIbTaTe nOJI aeTCH
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BopOHKy 15 nocTynaeT C BeCOB (He nOKasaBLI) B ynaKOB01JBLIii aBTOMaT, OH npoxo-
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Tpy61<Y, BLITJ'IBYTyIO BHBS. HarpeBaTeJIbHLIii CTLlI<OB01JBLIii 3JIeMeHT 4 SaJJ;eJILIBaeT
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9TUJIeBOBOro Mem01JRa, H BI<JI nOBTOpJ'IeTCJ'I.
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1I0CTb - 4 Memo a B 1 MHH; )J;JIHHa HsrOTaBJIHBaeMLIX Mem01JKOB - 125, 250,
375 H 500 MM; MaRCBMaJII>HOe ROJIH eCTBO MaTepHaJia B Mem01JKe - 5 Kr; ynaKo-
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eAHBeBHbIe TlIraMD C 1<0JII>D;aMH BaAeTLIMH Ba meBI<H BaJII<OB. ,
Ha KaJIaH;J;pax cTapoB ROBCTpyl<mD1 BepaBBOMepHaH no mBpHBe TOJIJD.HBa
o6JI())l(eBBOrO 1<0PAa (npH1JBBOB HBJIHeTCH nporB6 BaJIROB B peSYJIbTaTe pacnopBLIX
YCBJIB
MemAY BaJIKaMH, BOSBBl<aIOm;ux npH npoxomAeBBB 06pa6aTLIBaeMOro
MaTepBaJIa) BbIpaBHDBaJIaCI> TOJII>I<O sa C1JeT 60M6HPOBRH BaJIROB, BeJIB1JHHa ROTOpO:B
AOJI1KHa COOTBeTCTBOBaTI> Xapal<TepHCTHl<e 06pa6aTLIBaeMoro MaTepHaJIa. llPH
06p86oTRe Ha l<aJIaHApe pa3JIH1JBLlX MaTepHaJIOB nOCTOJ'IHBaJ'I Be
HBa 60M6H-
pOBI<B He 06eCne1JHBaJIa Be06xOAHMOB paBBOTOJIJD.BBHOCTH JIHCTa. B COBpeMeBBLIX
KaJIaBApaX, I<al< B y paCCMaTpBBaeMoro RaJIaBApa, npeAYCMOTpeBLI MexaBH3MLI
nepel<peJD.BBaBHJ'I BepXBero BaJIl<a co cpeABBM.
MexaBBSMLI nepeKpelD;BBaBHH COCTOHT BS 1JepBH1JBOrO peAyI<Topa C BHAHBlI-
AyaJII>HLlM aJIel<TpOABBraTeJIeM 14, 1<0TOpLIe CBHsaBLI o6JD.IIM BaJIOM H pacnOJIO)l,eHLI
PBC. 6.2. 'YBBBepCaJIbBHB TpeXBaJIKOBHB KanaBAP C TP9yroJIldlLD( paCDonomeBser.t BIUlI\OB
aaBOAa cBOJIr.meBBK&:
1 - sneKTPOABHraTenb rnaBBoro opHBolla; 2 - PeJ1YKTOP D I!JIOK-PeJ1YKTOP; 8 - BeB'l'BJI1ITOp AM OXJIaHlACIl>11!
aneICTPOABuraT€JIII; 4 - TPaBCUOPTEP DDTaTeJIII; 5 - YKaSaTeJIb uepeJ<peIQIIBaHD1I Bepmero BanICa; 6 - rnnpo-
lUfJIDHAP MexaHDsMa oepeKpem,HBaHlUI BepXBero BanKa; 7 - rDJlPOD;IUIBJIJIPY MeX8HHSMOB BYliopa ,1:o<l>roB
meeK BaJIKOB; 8 - ROMMYHBKaUIUI BYCOKOrO AaBneHDII rDAJIOI\HJ1BBJIPOB; 9 - BepXHDit peaepByap AJIII Macna;
10 - sneRTJ)OABBraTeJIH MexaBBSMOB perynBpoBaHDII sasopoB; 11 - PeJ1YKTOPY MexaHDSMOB pcrynltpOlllUDfIi
sasopoB; 12 - MacnoupOBOA; 18 - CTaHBBa; 14 - SneICTJ)OJIBDraTeJIb MexaHDSMa ncpeICpem,BBaH1lll BeJ)xsero
BanKs; 15, 16, 17 - BepxllUA, cpeABJdt B BHmHB1! BanICB; I' - tYRAaMeBTBall omrra.
171
BaJIKB C D;BJIUHAPuqeCKOH nOBepXHOCTLID C nepB
epBiiHMM CBepJIeHBeM 060-
rpeBaIDTCH B OXJIamAaIDTCH BOAoH" no,naBaeMoH co CTa
npn:rOTOBJIeHBH BO,nY.
Pa60qaH TeMneparypa BaJiKOB ,no 120°C, OHa perYJIBpyeTcH aBTOMaTH"IeCKB
C TOqHOCTLID AO j: 3 °C no AJiBBe BaJiKa.
MeXaHBSMY perYJIBpOBaHUH sasopOB MemAY BaJiKaMH BHABBHAyaJILHMe.
OHB YCTaHOBJleHY Ha KamAOM KOHD;e BaJlKa C npBBOAoM OT OT,neJlLHYX 3J1eKTPO-
,nBBraTeJIeH nOCTOHHHoro TOKa n-52 (MOID;HOCTL 4,5 KBT, HanpHmeHBe 220 Bt'
qaCTOTa BpaID;eHHH 1000 06/MHH) qepes ,nByxcTyneHqaTye rJl060HABYe peAyKTOpy.
Puc. 6.3. 'leTLIpenaJJJCoBYi KaJIaBAP 4-710-1800 C S-05pasIILIM paCDOJlomeBBeM BanROB:
1 - YCTaHOBKa C BBAyJ(TJIBIDDIB U uaOTOIJIIYMB AaT'IUKaJIII JIJ1II ueDpeplilBHoro ODpeAeneBBR Kamtllpa Dpo-
peaBBeBuoA TKamr; 2 - "'1JUI;1IMeBTKaJI DnIIT8.; 3 - lIexamrall aarpyal<B _uero aaaopa; 4 - IIIDIUIIdt
BIoIBOCBOA BMOK; S - IIIDIriodt OCBOBBOA BIUIOK; 6 - BeBTIIJIIITOP oxnaIKAeBBR DPBBOAuoro aneJCTPOABlD'a-
<remr; 7, 16 - lIeX8.B1181111 peryaJlpOB8111111 8aaopoB; 8 - aepKMO; g - lIesamrall a
yal<B Bepmero aa80pa;
10 - Bepxmd BIoIBOCBOA BaaOK; 11 - BepslDlA OCBOBuoA BMOK; 11 - DPlDKBIIIIoA PO.JJJl1(; 18 - CTamma;
14 - C'J'OAKf IUIOJqIl,lUOl.
TaRHe peAyKTOpLl nOSBOJlHIDT SHaqHTeJlLHO COKpaTBTL paSMepY npBBO,na. I1PB
SanpaBKe KaJlaHApa SaSOpy MemAY BaJlKaMB MoryT AOCTHraTL 125 MM, a npB pa-
60Te - OT 0,3 ,no 50 MM.
MeXaHUSM nepeKpe
BaHBH BaJIKOB COCTOHT us ,lJ;ByxcTyneHqaTOrO qepBHq-
Horo penyKTopa C nepeAaTOqHYM qBCJlOM i= 1872, 3JIeKTpOABBraTeJlH nepeMeHHOrO
TOKa AOn-42-4 (MOID;BOCTL 1,7 KBT, qaCTOTa BpaID;eHBH 930 06/MBH) B rBAPO-
HJIHHAPOB OJJ;BOCTOpOHHero ,neHcTBHH; pa60qee ,naBJleHUe MaCJla 12 MIla, XOA
nopDIHH 85 MM, AHaMeTp 210 MM. MaKCB1>laJlLHO AonYCTBMaH BeJlH"lHHa nepe-'
Kpe
aHBH BaJlKOB 80 MM.
176
RaJlaHAP cHa6meH nBTaTeJILHYM YCTPOHCTBOM, COCTO
BS TpaHCnOpTepa>
B MIUITBBROBOH rOJIOBKB. ,I:(u 06peSKB KpOMOK MeTaJlJIOTpOCOBoro nOJlOTHa BM8-
IOTCH ,nBCKOBLle Homll C 3J1eKTp0060rpeBOM.
JlaoopaTopHhle KaJla
pLI. RpOMe onucaHHlilx BltlJIIe K8J1aHAPOB npOMlmlJleH-
Horo HaSHaqeBJIH JlerKOrO, cpe,nHero U THmeJlOrO TBnOB, BSrOTOBJlHeMYX
saBop;OM «BOJILmeBBR», OTeqeCTBeHHOH npOMbImJleHHOCTLIO BLlnYCKaIDTcli TaKme-
Jla60paTOpHye KaJlaHp;pbI 3-160-320 U 4-225-450 B KaJlaHp;pY 5-200-600 U 5-150-400
WIH pesHHo06yBHOH npOMbImJleHHOCTU.
PBC. 6.4. 'leTLlpeXBaJIROBLIi KaJl8Jl,1Q> 4-950-2700 C S-oopa8BL1M pacDonomeueM BaJlltOB:
1 - If)YIUI;8MeBTBaJI DJlBTa; 2 - CTaBJIBa; 3 - BlllKBRA BIoIBOCBOI BIUIOK; 4 - BRlKBRA OCBOBBOI BMOK: S -
BepXBBI OCBOBBOI B8JJ0K; 6 - BepXBBI BIoIBOCBOI BMOK; 1 - MeXlIIDJaM aarpyaKB Bepxaero a&lopa; 8 - aep-
IfMO; 9 - MeXaBH8M aarpyaKB BlllKBero aaaopa.
OCHOBHye oc06eHHOCTB Jla60paTopHbIX KaJIaHp;pOB no cpaBHeHHID C P;pyrHMB -
3TO MeHLmue paSMepy BaJiKOB, BynOJIHHeMbIX qaCTO us CTaJlB, C npHBop;OM,
06eCneqUBalOID;HM 6eccTyneHqaTOe perYJlUpOBaJJJle CKOpOCTU BaJlKOB B
pBK
B B IDU-
pOKBX npe,neJlax, 60JILmee OCHaID;eHHe KOHTpOJILHO-BSMepBTeJlLHLIMB npB60paMB.
Ha pBC. 6.5 OOKasaH JIa60paTopHbIH KaJlaH,np, BynycKaeMbIH JleHHHrpap;CKUM
saBo,n01>1 «MeTaJIJIBCT». OH npe,nHasH!,qeH ,nJlH BynOJlHeHBH Jla60paTopHlilx pa60T,
USrOTOBJleHBH TOHKBX peSUHOBYX JleHT H o6pesHHBBaHHH TKaHeH. TIpuBO,n Y 3Toro.
KaJIaHJJ;pa HHABBu,nyaJlLHYH Ha Kam,I\Yi BanOK C 6eccTyneHqaTLIM peryJlJlpoBaHBeM
CKOpOCTU. HSMeHeHue sasopOB Memp;y BaJiKaMB npOBSBOP;HTCH nepeMeID;eHBeM
BepXHero B HBmHero BaJlKOB. ,I:(JIH 3Toro CJIymBT pyqaOH MeXaBJISM 7 nepeMeID;8-
HUH nop;munHUKOB. TeMnepaTYPY BaJIKOB perYJlllpyIOT oo,naqeii BO,IJ;LI B napa
OT napoBo,nHHoro KOJlJleKTOpa 5. ROHTPOJILHO-HSMepBTeJILHye npB60py CMOHTB-
pOBaHY B mKa
y ynpaBJIeHHH (Ha pBC. 6.5 He nOKasaH). OHH UOKaSbIBaIOT B sanu-
CbIBalOT TeMoepaTYPY BaJiKOB, 00Tpe6JIHeMyIO MOID;HOCTL, CKOpOCTL BpaID;eHHa
BaJlKOB B BeJlB1JJlJlY sasopOB Mem,ny HHMB.
KaJIaiiAphI aap)'Oeamhlx c1tBpM. COBpeMeHHHe KaJIaHp;pY sapy6emBYx
BpM
no CBoeH KOHCTPYK
B B TeXHneCKOH xapaKTepBCTm<e 6JIBSKU K K8J1aHApaM,
12 3aJ<aa 163 177"
,<::,
.<.0
"'"
I
R-R
+
+
<.0
PRc. 6.5. Jla60paTOpBuU. ltaJlaB,lq)
8aBo a CMeTaJIJIBCTt:
1 - nmrra; s - CT8JDIHa; 8, 4, 6-
Bamar; S - KOJLJIeJCTOP DapOBOlVIHoI;
'I - MeXaBII8M perymrpoBaBIIR aaaopoB;
8 - pOJIIIK aBapBlsoro BYKmOQa'f6ll1l;
9 - IOIHPOBUKmoUTenlt; 10 - peJlYK-
TOp; 11 - eneKTPOJUllI1'aTMb; IS - ua-
MOTO'lHoe yCTpOACTBO; 18, IS, 16 - DO,q-
DIJUIIIIIRH; 14 - ,qa'1"lBR TeMDepa Typu;
1'1 - paCKaTO'lBOe yCTpOIOTBO.
BI.mYCKaeMYM OTeqeCTBeHHOH npOMLImJleHHOCTLID, O,nHaKO PHA THnOpaSMepOB
KaJIaH,npOB, BYOYCKaeMYX B KaOUTaJIBCTH"IeCKBX CTpaHaX, MeHee qeTOK.
COBpeMeHHye KaJlaHAPY HMeIOT BaJIKB C nepU epUHHO pacnOJlOmeHHYMIf
CBepJleHLIMH KaHaJlaMB, C pKYJIHu;n:eH TeOJIOHOCUTeJIH U C YCTaHOBKoii AJIH aBTO-
MaTUqeCKOrO perYJIBpOBaHBH TeMnepaTYpY B sa,naHHYX npe,neJlax. RaJlaH,npY
C nOJJ;mBOHUKaMH CKOJILmeHUH HMeIOT rUApaBJlUqeCKOe YCTPOHCTBO AJIH BY60pa
JJID a B nOAmunHUKax H MexaHUSMax perYJlUpOBaHBH sasopa. B HeKOTopbIX
KOHCTPYK HX UCnOJlLSYIOTCH no,nmUOHUKH KaqeHUH C HYJleBbIM sasopOM. ,I:(JIH
KOMneHcaD;UH npofu6a BaJiKOB OpUMCHHeTCH YCTPOHCTBO AJIH nepeKpeID;UBaHUH
oceH BaJlKOB HJIH npe,nBapHTeJILHLlH UBrH6 BaJiKa. HHorJJ;a npUMeHHIDTCH 06a cno-
co6a KOMneHcau;n:u oporu6a BaJiKOB. CMaSKa mH,nKaH BJIU rYCTaH nOAaeTCH n;eH-
TpaJiUSOBaHHO B Bu,ne cB06o,nHoro nOTOKa HJIB npUHYAuTeJlLHO OO,n JJ;aBJleHBeM
C CHrHaJiUSan;UeH 0 npeKpaID;eBHU nOAaqu MaCJIa 11 0 HarpeBe JIID60ro HS nOJJ;mUDHB-
KOB. Q>pBKD;HoHBbIe U yuuBepCaJiLHye KaJIaHAPLl nOCTaBJlHIDTCH C MexaHusupoBaH-
BYM HSMeHeHueM PBKD;mI )fem,ny BbInycKaIDID,HMB BaJlKaMU H C aBTOMaTUqeCKOH
cucTeMoH perynupoBaHHH sasopoB Mem,ny BaJiKaMU OT CUrHaJIOB, HenpepYBHO
oo,naBaeMYX pa,nHoaKTIlBHbIM USMepHTeJIeM TOJlID;BHItI JIUCTa.
HeKoTopbIe HpMbI, HaopIDfep upMa «Q>appeJI» (CliA) , BYOYCKaIDT HOBbIe
KaJIaHAPbI C rll,npOMeXaHBqeCKUM YCTPOHCTBOM AJIH no,nmllMa BaJIKOB,f nOSBO-
JISIIDID;UM 6YCTpO paSBeCTu 11 CBeCTU BaJiKU co CKOpOCTLIO nepeMeID;eHuH nOAmunHB-
KOB BaJiKa 12 MM/C.
COBpCMeHHye KaJIaHJJ;pbI MoryT pa60TaTL Ha nOBymeHHYX CKOpOCTHX - ,no
100M/MBH. ,I:(JIUHa pa60qeii qaCTU BaJlKOB KaJIaHApa AOXOAHT AO 3000 MM. npUBOAY
KaJIaH,npOB BYOOJlHHIDTCH OT OJJ;Horo 8JIeKTpOABUraTeJIH nOCTOHHHoro TOKa qepes pe-
,nYKTOP H 6J10K-pe,nYKTOp U mapHlIpHbIe nepe,naqB UJIB OT BHAIIBB,nyaJILBYX 8JIeKTpO-
JJ;BuraTeJleH OOCTOHHHoro TOKa Ha KamAYH BaJlOK qepes 6JIOK-peAYRTOp. 3JIeKTpO-
,nBuraTeJlU nOCTOHHHoro TOKa 06eCneqBBaIDT 6eccTyneHqaTOe perYJIBpOBaHBe CKO-
pOCTU B opeJJ;eJIax 1 : 10.
YKasaHHbIe YCOBepmeHCTBOBaHUH KOHCTpyKD;mI KaJIaRApa nOSBOJlHIOT YBeJIU-
qUTL TOqHOCTL pa60TY U o6eCOeqUTL AonYCK Ha TOJIID;BHY npH JIBCTOBaHmI pe-
SBHLI ,nO :to,01 MM'.
B D;eJlHX MOAepHusan;UU KaJlaH,npOB, 3KCOJIyaTuPyeMYX Ha paSJIUqHbIX saBO-
Aax pesuHoBoH npOMLImJleHBOCTU, peKoMeHAyeTcH saMeHHTL paCTOqeBBYe n;eH-
TpaJiLHO BaJiKH Ha BaJiKU C nepu epBiiHbIMB KaHaJiaMB, YCTaHaBJIJIBaTL rBAPaBJIB-
qeCKUe MeXaHIISMY JJ;JlH BbI60pa JlID OB oo,n WUUlull< OB CKOJILmeHHH, npBcno-
C06JIeHUH AJIH KOBTpHsrH6a H nepeKpeID;uBaHuH BaJiKOB, UHAuBHAYaJILHbIe ,nJlJl
Kam oii CTOpOHbI MeXaHUSMY perYJlUpOBKB sasopOB MemAY BaJiKaMU, a TaKme
YCTPOHCTBO JJ;JlH aBTOMaTUqeCKOrO perYJIBpOBaBJIH TeMneparypY BaJiKa.
6.3. YCTPOACTBO OCHOBHblX AETAnEA lot yanOB KAnAHAPA
6.3.1" BanKM
BaJIKB HBJlHIDTCH OCHOBHYMU pa60qUMU YSJIaMB KaJIaH,npa. Cpe,nHHH, YTOJlID;eH-
BaH qaCTL BaJIKa, coopUKacaIOID;aHCH C 06pa6aTYBaeMYM '-faTepUaJlOM, HaSYBaeTCH
60qIWH, a KOHD;bI, KOTOpYMII BaJIOK onupaeTCH Ha nOAmunHUKU, - D;an aMu.
OCHOBBItIMU napaMeTpaMU BaJIKa KaJlaH,npa HBJIHIOTCH nuaMeTp B ,nJIUHa
60qKU - pa60qeH qaCTU BaJiKa. ,I:(uaMeTp BaJiKOB BbI6BpaeTcH B saBBCUMOCTU OT
pHJJ;a aKTopoB (JJ;OnycTuMoro yrJIa saXBaTa, npeAeJlLHOH BeJlHqUBY nporu6a),
H rJlaBBYM 06pasoM OT JJ;JIUHbI BaJIKa, U HaXOAHTCH B npe,neJIax 160-950 MM. BaJiKU
pesuHo06pa6aTYBaIDID;HX KaJIaH,npOB BbInOJIHHIOTCH ,nJlHHOH 300-26OOMM, a Y THme-
JIbIX K8JIaHJJ;poB, npuMeHHeMbIx JJ;JlH npoHsBoAcTBa TpaHcoOpTepHYX JIeHT, - ,nO
12* 179,
:2800 MM. PaSMepbI BaJlKOB KaJIaH,npOB, BbmYCKaeMbIX OTeqeCTBeHHOH opoMWnJIeH-
aOCTLIO, npBBe,neHY BbIme (CM. Ta6JI. 6.1 U 6.2).
BaJlKH KaJlaH,npa, KaK H BaJIKH BaJILD;OB, nOABepraIDTCH ucmpaHUID B Ae p-
'Mau;uu BCJIe,nCTBHe 60JILmHX paCnOpHYX YCUJID, B03HUKaIOID;HX npu pa60Te Ma-
mHHY. 3TO ycyry6JIHeTCH TeM, qTO nOBepXHOCTL BaJiKa BCnYTLlBaeT peSKBe BSM
BeHUH TeMneparypy. BaJiKU HsrOTaBJIHBaIDT H3 qyrYHa MapKU Cq 15-32 OTJlHBKOH
{j 5
F;; r .:,:t' >:-
1 J 3" 1 Z J .
a d
'PRc. 6.6. Cxeua 1 lIl)JtYJIJII IIB TeIlJlOaOCBTeJIJI B Baue KanaB,tl;pa:
4 - BaJIOR C neBTP8JlbBo-paCTO'IeBBol DOJIOCTItIO; 6 - BanOK C Depu4lepnlBo-caepnesm.um KaHaJIIIMB; 1 -TeJIO
aam<a; , - paCTO'IeHBaJI DOJIOCTlt; 8 - TP}'6a JIJIR DOJla'IB TeDJIOBOCBTe.IIII; 4 - KaHam.! JIM BYBOJla TelmoaO"
.cB'1'eJIII; 5 - Depn4lepJJitBHe KaHam.!; 6 - p88J1enBTeJlbBHIt Dopmem. C 'YJUIOTReBBeM.
1/
13
1'1
t
TennOHocumenb
IZ
11
'Puc. 6.7. 'Y cTpoiicTBO AJIJI DOABOAa TeIlJlOBOCIITeJIIi K Bauy KaJIaBApa:
, 1 - BeDOJlBBlKHbIA DaTPylloK; 2 - TPylla; 8 - CaJIbJUlKOBaJI BaIlDBKa; 4 - lDTaHra; 5 - KOpDyc cam.BBJ<a;
6 - WIIBJIbKa; 'I - COCTaBBoe KOJlb O; 8 - cj)naHeII; 9 - yDOpBlidt DOIIIDBDBBK; 10 - TeJIO BanKa; 11 - ropu-
80HTam.Hble KaBaJIW; 12 - BaKJIOHBHe KaHam.!; 13 - pa8J1em1TeJlbBHit DopmeBb; 14 - JIeBaJI DonOCTb BanKai
15 - BpamaJOllUlltcH DaTPyIloK; 16 - IIPOB80BaJI BTyJIKa; 1'1 - OTBepCTBe JIM OTBOA& TeDJIOBOCBTeml.
B KOKUJIL, TOJlID;HHa oT6eJIeHBOrO CJIOH KOJIe6J1eTCH B opeJJ;eJIax 6-20 MM; TBepAoCTL
OOBepXHOCTU no rOCT AOJImHa 6bITL He MeHee lIRC 48-55. nOBepxHocTL' BaJIKa
mJlucI>yeTcH, a saTeM TID;aTeJILHO nOJIBpyeTcH (no rOCT 11993-71 OHa AOJImHa
6YTL He Hume 8-ro KJIaCCa qUCTOTbI). B KaJIaH,npax He60JlLmUX paSMepOB BaJiKU
BYOOJIHHIDTCH us yrJIepo,nHCTOi CTaJiB 45 BJIU JlerupoBaHHoH CTaJiU 40X C nOCJI8-
JJ;YIDID;eH SaKaJIKOi nOBepXHOCTH Ha rJly6uHY 4-5 MM TOKaMB BbICOKOH qaCTOTbI
,no TBepAoCTU HRC 48-54.
BaJIKB KaJIaHAPOB 6YBaIDT JJ;BYX TBnOB: C BHYTpeHHei D;eHTpaJiLHOH nOJIOCTLIO
(pBC. 6.6, a) U KaHaJiaMB, npOCBepJleBHYMU B6JIUSU nOBepXHOCTU BaJiKa (puc.6.6, 6).
ROHCTpyRD;UH BaJIKa nepBoro TBoa yCTapeJIa, TaK KaK TaKOH BaJIOK BMeeT 60JlLlDyIO
TeOJIOBYID uHep B , a paSHOCTL TeMnepaTYP B cepe,nHHe U y KpaeB BaJiKa ,nOCTHraeT
tSO
8-10 °C. IIoBepxHocTL HarpeBa Y CBepJleHYX BanKOB nOqTU BJJ;Boe 6onLme, qeM
Y BaJiROB C BHYTpeHReH nOJlOCTLID. fJlaBHOe ,nOCTOHHCTBO BanKOB C nepH epuHHo
npOCBepJleHHLlMU KaHaJlaMU SaKJlID aeTCR B paBHOMepHOCTH H 6McTpoTe RarpeBa
IlJIlJ OXJIa)K,neHBH JlX pa60qeH nOBepXHOCTH. ,D;uaMeTp CBepJleHYX KaHaJIOB 30-
-40 MM, qUCJlO HX ,nOCTuraeT 21-27, pacnOJIaraIDTCH OHU paBHOMepHO no oKpymBO-
CTH BaJlKa Ha paCCTOHHHH 25-50 MM OT ero nOBepXHOCTU. TOP}\M ropUSOHTaJiLHYX
KaBaJlOB C ,l\BYX CTOpOH SaKpYTY SarJIymKaMB Ha napOHUTOBYX npOKJla,nKax.
3arJlymKu npllmaTM K TopD;aM BaJIKa DpU nOMOID;B raeK Ha mnUJILKaX, BBepHYTYX
B TeJIO BaJiKa.
TeOJIOHOCUTeJlL no,naeTCH B BaJlOK KaJlaHApa qepes Heno,nBumHYii narpy60K 1
{puc. 6.7), B KOTOpOM yKpenJleHa TPy6a 2. OH nODQAaeT B npaBYID OOJIOCTL BaJIKa B.I
npoi,nH ropUSOHTaJILHYe KaHaJlLl 11, OTBO,l\HTCH BS BaJiKa qepes oTBepcTue 17.
OTJIH"IHY OT ooucaHHoH KOHCTpyKD;1UI BYHOCBYe BaJIKB DpO UJILHYX KaJIaH,n-
,pOB. BYHOCHOH BaJlOK HBJIHeTCH npO BJILHYM ( pMyeT npoxo,nHID;ue qepes Hero
JIBCTY, npU,l\aBaH eMY Sa,tI;8HBYH OPO IIJ1L). BYBOCHye BaJlKII HMeIDT TUCHeHHe Ha
'caMOM BaJIKe BJIH paS'LeMHYID npO UJlLHyIO 060-
JlOqKY, COCTOHID;YID us ,lI;BYX nonOBBH (CKOPJlYOY),
'KOTopLle SaKpenJlHIOTCH Ha Kopoyce BaJlKa raH-
KOH H KORTpraHKoH. II pJl CMeRe pllcyHKa UJIH
npO IIJ1H US,l\eJIHH MeMeTCH BaJIIIR UJIB CKOpJIyna,
KOHCTPYK}\UH nO,I(IIIJlnHIIKOB BYHOCHOrO BaJiKa
nOSBOJIHeT 6L1CTpO oc eCTBIITL 3TY Onepal\JlID.
HarBo B8JIROB. BaJiKII KaJIaH,npa no,l\ BJlUH-
BlleM C06CTBeRHOH THmecTH H paCnOpHYX YCIIJIUH
usru6aIOTcH. PacnopHMe YCUJIBH 06paTHo npo-
DOp}\HOHaJiLBLI sasopy Mem,ny BaJiKaMH. Bepx-
Huii BaJlOK IIsrll6aeTcH nOJJ; ,l\eHCTBueM pacnOpHYX
YCUJIIIH CUJILHee, qeM CpeAHHH, TaR KaK usru6y
cpeJJ;Hero BaJIKa npenHTCTByeT HHmHUH BanOK, npHHBMaIDID;lIi Ha ce6H qaCTL
HarpYSKII. ECJlII BaJlI(H UMeIDT CTporo D;HJIHHAPUqeCKYID OPMY, TO peSHHOBaH
CMeCL, OPOXO,nH qepes sasop MemJJ;Y BepXBHM B cpeJJ;HUM BaJIKaMU, OpOKaTYBaeTCH
B JlIICT, cepeAHHa KOToporo TOJlID;e KpaeB. IIpoxo,nH CJIe,nYIDID;JIii sasop, JIIICT He-
CKOJlbRO BypaBHHBaeTCR no TOJIID;BHe, HO Bce me Cepe,l\uHa OCTaeTCH HeCKOJILK8
TOJlID;e KpaeB. ¥ ca,nKa pesHHY TaKme cnoc06cTByeT nOJIyqeHIlIO JlBCTa HeOJJ;HHaKO-
BOH TOJlID;HHY. CJIe,l\OBaTeJILHO, OCHOBHOH OpH"lHHOH HepaBHOMepHOCTH TOJlID;BHbI
oo yqaeMoro JlHCTa 00 mBpllHe HBJIHeTCH nporu6 BaJiKOB KaJIaB,npa B npo}\eCce
KaJIaH,npoBaHHH.
QT06M BMHCHIITL, KaKyIO OPMY npHMeT BaJIOK nOJJ; BJIUHHUeM usru6aIDID;HX
YCUJIui, He06xo,nHMO onpe,l\eJIHTL ,nelfJopMal\JlID BaJiKa no,n ,l\eHCTBUeM 8TUX YCRJlJIii.
,D;aBJJeRHe, cos,naBaeMoe MaTepUaJIOM, nOCTOHHHO no Bceii mHpHHe sasopa (puc. 6.8).
,D;JIH onpeJJ;eJIeHHH CTpeJiM nporB6a BaJiKa He06xo,nuMO HaHTU pacnopHoe ycuJlue P,
,l\eHcTByIOID;ee Ha BanOK:
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8
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PBC. 6.8. CXeMa aarpyaKB sa 88-
J10K (4 - paCCTOJIBBe MemAY DOA-
JIJJDlBBJ(aMD; 8 - mapBBa J1DCTa
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(KOJIe6JIeTCJI OT 0,4 AO
rAe q - pacnopDoe YCBDe, DpBxoA eecJI B8 O,Ot . ADBBLI BaBKa
0,6 MH/M); I - ADBBa pal)01IeI 1IaCTB B8J1Ita, DOKpLIToi CMeCl>lO, M.
TorJJ;a paSHOCTL Mem,ny OPOru60M B cepe,nHHe BaJlKa U
onpe,neJIBTL no opMYJIe
PI [ '(12a-7b) - 1 ]
A3I=Y-Yo==T 48EI B + GF B
rAe P - pacDopDoe YCBJIBe, AeiCTBym_ee Da BaJIOK, MH; 4 - paCCTOJIBBe MemAY nOAmBDBB-
KaafR, M; b - nmpBBa J1eBTLI peSBBOBOii CMeCB, M; E - MOAYJIi> ynpyrOCTB MaTepBaJIa BaJI-
Ita, MH/MII; Is - HOMeBT BBep BB ce'leBBJI OO'IKB BaJlKa, we; G - MOAYJIi> CABBra, MH/u ll ;
Fe - DOnepe'IBoe ce1leaue OO'IKB BaJIIta, Mil.
Y ero KpaH MOiKHO
181
CDOCoOU KOMDeHca H DpOI'UOa BaJIROB UnaHApoB. CYID;eCTByeT TPB cnoco6a
ROMneHCa nporB6a BaJlKOB: 60M6upOBKa; nepeKpem;BB8HUe OceH BaJiKOB;
ROHTpBSI'B6 BaJiKOB.
B 0 M 6 B P 0 B K a. 3TOT cnoco6 KOMneHcaD;UB nporH6a, KaK yme OTMeqa-
JIOCL Byme, SaKJIIOqaeTCH B OpU,n8HHB BaJlKY BYOYKJIOH UJIB BorHyroH OpMY.
JIs pHC. 6.9 BB,nHO, TO KorAa peSUHa OKaSYBaeTCH Mem,ny BaJiKaMB KaJl8H,npa,
cpe,nHui BaJlOK 2 uaru6aeTcH B npu HaJIH"l1lH ,nBYX 60M6upoBaHBbIx BaJiKOB aaaopld
Mem,ny BanKaMU CTaHOBHTCH napaJIJleJiLHYMU, TOJIID;HHa JlUCTa no BCeD: ero nmpHHe
OCTaeTCH oJJ;HHaKoBoH. ,D;pyrmfH, CJIOBa-
MH, BaJlKU MomHO OPO UJIUpOBaTL TaK,
qTO HepaBHoMepHocTL JIBCTa no TOJIID;BHe
YCTpaHHeTCH UJIH CBOAIITCH K MUHHMyMY.
OJJ;JtaKo aTO YAaeTCH TOJILKO B TOM CJlY-
qae, eCJlu npHHHTaH 60M6BpOBKa COOT-
BeTcTByeT 06pa6aTYBaeMOH peSHHOBOD
CMecu. BOM6upOBKa JJ;aeT a eKT, eCJlII
B npOHSBo,nCTBe B TeqeHBe ,nJlUTeJILHOrO
BpeMeHU nepepa6aTYBaeTCH O,nUH B TOT
me MaTepUaJI. C BSMeHeBBeM pen;enT8
CMecu UJIU TeMnepaTYPY ee 06pa6oTKB
MeHHIOTCH paCnOpHye YCHJIBH, TeMnepa-
TypHaH ,ne opMaD;BJI BaJiKOB, B BLlny-
CKaeMYH JIBCT CTaHOBUTCH HepaBHOMep-
HYM no TOJIID;UHe.
BOM6upOBKa saBUCUT OT BHSKOCTII
peSIIBOBOH CMeCB, TOJIID;HHY BynycKae-
Moro JlUCTa, AUaMeTpa 60qKH BaJIKa, OK-
I pymHoH CKOpOCTII' BaJiKa B TeMJIepaTypld
CMecu. OTcyrcTBue yaBBepCaJlLHOCTU -
O,nHH US OCHOBHYX HeAOCTaTKOB JJ;aHHoro
cnoc06a KOMneHCaD;1IH nporH6a BaJiKOB,
ooaTOMY Ha npaKTBKe BbI6upaIDT TaKyIO
60M6BPOBKY, KOTopaH nOSBOJIHeT OpB
88DOB ltaJlAQpa paaJIUqHYX pen;eOTax peSUHOBOH CMeCH
YCTpaHHTL aHnUTeJILHYID HepaBHOMep-
HOCTL TOJlID;UHLI JlBCTa. ,D;onOJIHUTeJILHOe
BypaBHUBaBJIe TOJlID;HHY JIHCTa peSHHW
,nOCTuraeTCH opBMeHeHueM OAHOBpeMeHHO
C 60M6upOBKOH ,npyrBx MeTOAOB ROMneH-
caD;HH nporu6a BaJIKOB.
n e p e K p e ID; U B a H B e 0 C e H B a JI K 0 B. 3TOT cnoc06 HBJIHeTCR
60Jlee 3 eKTIlBHYM. OH HameJI nmpOKoe OpHMeHeHUe B COBpeMeHBbIX KaJI8HJJ;pax,
npBqeM ero 06ldqHO npBMeHHIDT HapHAY C 60M6upOBKOH, B AOnOJIHeHUe K HeH.
CYID;HOCTL MeTOJJ;a aaKJIIOqaeTCll B TOM, qTO OCU BaJiKOB KaJIasp;pa CJJ;BuraIDTCR
Ba HeKOTOpYH He60JILmOH yrOJI no OTBOmeHUIO ,npyr K ,npyry. IIpB 3TOM MHHB-
MaJILHLli aaaop OKaaYBaeTCH B D;eHtpe BaJIKa, a MaKCUMaJlLHYii - y KOHD;OB BaJI-
KOB (pBC. 6.10). OnpeAeJiUB npor:u6 BaJiKOB OpB o6pa60TKe aaAaHBoH peaHHoBoD
CMecu, 1\10mHO nOJJ;CqUTaTL BeJIUqUHY He06xo,nHMoro ropuaOHT,aJILHOrO CMeID;eBUJ'I
KOHD;eBbIX CeqeHUD: BaJiKOB.
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. C/lopJlla BanKOB BO Bpellll paOofil KMlllf.llPa;
1 - BaJIOK ctai4DYKJIol (IoM6RPOBKOI; B - BMOK
6e8 6oM611])0,KJI (1(&DBIUlPB'lecKJlIt); 8 - BMOK C
BOrBTJ'OI OoIlGllpoBKOI; 4 - peaUBOBaJI CMec&.
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182
D2+ 2Dyo +y = D2 + C
rAe D-paCCTOJlBBe MeatJU' OCJDIB BaDOB, MM[D=(De + D 3 )/2, rAeDc- aMeTp CMeID;eBUOrO
BaJIKa, MM; D3 - ABaMeTp Sa{JIIRCBpOBaJDlOrO BaDa, MM); CO - CMemeBBe KOa:qeBoro ce'leUBJI
B rOpB30BTaJlIdIOii JtJJOCKOCTB, MM; Yo - sasop MeatJU' BaDaMB B KOa:qeBLIX ce'l8JlllJlX, MM.
ECJIB npeHe6peqL BeJIH"IHHOH y:, KOTOpaH BeCLMa HeaH811HTeJlbRa, TO nOJlyqaeM:
C: C:
YO=2i)== De+Ds
JIli 06paaOBaHBH paBHOMepHOrO sasopa MemAY B8JIKaMH He06xoABMo, qT06L1
saaop Yo 6YJI paBeH C}TMM8pHOMY oporB6y B cpeABeM ceqeHBB BaJIKOB, T. e. Yo =
= Ie + '3' nO):tCT8BJIHH aHaqeHHe Yo, nOJIyqBM:
C:
le+ 13= De+Ds
OTCIDA8 onpeAeJIHeM He06xoABMoe ropBaOHTaJiLHOe CMeID;eHBe KOHl\eBoro
CeqeHRR BaJiKa ,nJIH KOMoeHca HH nporu6a Ie +lh:
Co = Y (Ie + Is) (De+ D.)
no npHBeAeHBYM PMYJIaM MomHO onpe,neJIBTL aaaop y B paaJIJAHLlx TOqKaX
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nepeKpeID;uBaHUH oceii:. Ha nOJJ;06uH TpeyrOJILHHKOB nOJIyqaeM, qTO JJ;JIH KaKoro-
JIH60 CeqeHUH x ropBaOHTaJiLHOe nepeMeID;eHue OCB CMeID;eHHoro BaJiKa 6YAeT
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paCDOJlOmeBJieM Jl8JJKOB:
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6 - ODOpimA DO.QIDIIDBIIK; 1, 8 - '1epBJIKJI; 9 - Ban; 10, 11, 13 - MY"" BRmO'Iell1lJl; 12 - 80JIOTBBKOBI>II
MeJtlUlB8M rqpoDpBBo.Qa; 14 - '1epBII'IIIId Pe.aY1<'l'OP; 15 - 9JIeK'I'P0.QBBI'aTeJI&.
OAHaRO npH nepeKpe
HBaHBB OCeH BaJlKOB npOKaTLlBaeMLlH JlHCT MaTepHaJl3
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oepneHABKYJlHpHOM ero JJ;BHmeHHID, H JJ;JIH npeJJ;OTBpaID;eBHH CMeID;eHHH JlHCTa Tpe-
6yeTcH npHMeHeBHe CneD;HaJlLBYX D;eHTpHpYIDID;HX YCTPOHCTB.
R 0 H T pHS r H 6 B a JI K 0 B. npH 3TOM MeTOJJ;e KOMneHcaD;UH OCL BaJlKa
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P8AUaJlbBYe DOADIIJDIIRKU; 6 - BIIIIT; 7 - Kmm; 8 - raitKa; 9 - pa;tlUaJlbBG-yuopBYe DOJ1]DBllJlllKR; 11-
1IepBIIK OABOBuoJUnd; 12 - PIlABam.Bo-c4IepnecKJdt DOAIIIB1IBIf1(; 13 - ay6qaTaJI MYiPTa; 14 - BaJi DpBBOAa
qepBIIKa; I' - ol!olMa DO.InIIBIDIRKa.
KaJlaBJJ;pa. HSrH6 npOHSBOJJ;HTCH nYTeM npHJlOmeHHH K KOBD;aM BaJlKa KOBCOJlLBLlX
CHJI, COSJJ;aID
BX nporn:6 BaJlKa, npOTHBOnOJlOmBLli no SBaKY nporH6y OT JJ;eHCT-
BHH pacnopBYX YCHJIn:ii (pHC. 6.11). ¥CHJIHH Ha KOBD;L1 BaJlKa 1 COSJJ;aIDTCH cne
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paBJlH"IeCKHMH D;HJlHHJJ;paMH 4, BosJJ;eicTBYIDID;HMH C YCHJlHeM JJ;O 0,5 MH
Ha YCTaBaBJlBBaeMLle Ha KOHD;Y BaJlKa 060HMLI. HeJJ;ocTaTKoM 3Toro MeTOJJ;a HBJlH-
eTCH BOSBHRBOBeBHe JJ;onOJlHHTeJILHOH HarpYSKU Ba nOJJ;mHnBHKH KaJlaHJJ;pa.
ROHCTPYKTHBBO MexaHHSMLI nepeKpeID;HBaHHH oceH BaJlKOB B nJlOCKOCTH,
HOpMaJlLHOi K nJlOCKOCTB oceH CMeID;aeMLlX BaJlKOB, MoryT 6L1TL BLlnOJlBeHLI
185
B paSJlH"IHbIX BapHaHTaX; BaH60JIee qaCTO BCTpeqaeTCH CJIeJJ;YIDID;ee HCnOJIBeBHe.
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BaJlKa. npHBOJJ; ocym.eCTBJlHeTCH OT 3J1eKTpOJJ;BHraTeJIlI nepeMeHHoro TOKa (MOm.-
HOCTLID 0,4 KBT) qepes qepBftqHLli JJ;ByxcTyneuqaTLlH peJJ;YKTOp (i = 1232); JJ;BH-
meHue nepeAaeTCH Ba BHHT HJIH KJlHH, BOSJJ;eHCTBYIDID;He Ha Kopnyc nOnmHnHHKa.
Ha pHC. 6.12 nOKasaH MexaHHSM nepeKpem.HBaHHH BaJiKa Z-06pasHoro KaJlaBJJ;pa
C nepeJJ;aqei JJ;BHmeBHH Kopnycy nop;mHnBHKa npH nOMOID,H BHHTa. BhI60p JIIOcp.rOB
B SBeBLHX MexaBHSMa npOHSBOJJ;HTCH OT rUJJ;po
HJIHBJJ;pa 2.
Ha pnc. 6.13 nOKasaHa nepeJJ;na JJ;BHmeHIIH Kopnycy nOJJ;mHDHHKa BaJlKa
qepes KJlHB 7. CKOpOCT,L nepeMeID;eHHH Kopnyca nOJJ;mHnHHKa KOJIe6J1eTCH 06L1qHO
B npeJJ;eJJax 2-2,5 MM/MHH, a BeJlH"lHHa CMell\eBHH - OT 25 JJ;O 45 MM. nepeKpe-
:ID;HBaHHe oceH BaJiKOB MomHO ocym;ecTBHT:& sa CqeT npOCTpaHCTBeHHOro CMe:ID;eHHlI
OCH OAHoro BaJiKa OTHOCHTeJlLBO p;pyroro. B aTOM cJlyqae npHMeHHIDT cne:O;HaJlLBYB
9Kc:o;eHTpHqeCKUH nOJJ;mHnBHK.
6.3.2. nOAwMnHMKH M CMCTeMa CMaSKM
lloAmHDBIIKII. Bce HOBye KaJlaHJJ;py, H3rOTaBJJUBaeMLle OTeqeCTBeHHLlMH
saBOJJ;aMH (sa HCKJlIDqeHHeM KaJlaBJJ;pOB 3-610-1730 H 4-610-1730), a TaKme KaJlaH
JJ;PLl sapy6emuLlx 4>HPM, npeAHaSHneHHLle JJ;JlH TOqHOH K8J1H6pOBKH H BLlnycK3
TOHKHX JIHCTOB, HMeIDT nOJJ;mHnHHKH KaqeHHH. OAHaKO MHorOqHCJleBHLlH napJl
KaJlaHJJ;pOB, HaXOJJ;HID;uXCH B 3KCnJlyaTa:o;n:H, OCHam.eH B 60JlLmHBCTBe cJlyqaeB em.b-
nOJJ;mHnHUKalofH CKOJILmeHHH.
Ha pllC. 6.14 nOKasaH npHMep KOHCTPYKTHBBoro BLlnOJlHeHHH YSJIa BaJiKOBOrO
nOJJ;mHnHHKa KaJIaBJJ;pa 4-950-2800 C npHMeHeHHeM nOJJ;mHnHHKa KaqeHIIH. nOJJ;-
mHnHHKH KaJlaHAPOB pa60TaIDT B THmeJlLlX YCJlOBHHX nOJJ; HarpYSKOH, JJ;OXOJJ;HID;eH
JJ;O 0,6 MH Ha OJJ;HB nOJJ;nmnBHK, B nOCJleJJ;HeM cJlyqae npBMeHHIDTCH CneD;HaJlLBLI&
MHoropHJJ;BLle pOJJHKOBLle no,nmHnHHKH. OAHH HS no,nmHnBHKOB, 06L1qHO co CTO-
pOBLI KOH:o;a BaJlKa, npOTHBOnOJlOmBorO npHBoJJ;y, BLlnOJlHHeTCH nJlaBaIDID;BM.
Y TOPD;OB nOJJ;mHnHHKOB HMeIDTCH ynJlOTHeHHH, BanpHMep, Jla6HpHHTHOrO THna.
nOJJ;mHnBBK CKOJlLmeHHH KaJlaBJJ;pa 3-610-1730 nOKasaH Ha pHc.6.15. Rop-
nyc 2 nOJJ;mHnHHKa CKOJILmeHHH 06L1qHO BLlnOJlHHeTCH HS ceporo qyryaa HJlH CTaJlL-
Horo JIHTLH (CTaJIL 45JI). B Kopnyc sanpeCCOBLlBaeTCH BTlJlKa 1 HS 6pOHSLI CJJeJJ;y-
IDID;ero COCTaBa: 81-83% Mep:H, 3-5% CBHHD;a, 12-15 % OJlOBa, 0,5-1,0% HH-
KeJIH; UBorJJ;a npH6aBJIHIDT JJ;O 0,3%
oc
pa. TBepJJ;ocTL no BpHHeJIJIID M8TepHaJl8
BKJl8JJ;LIma JJ;OJlmBa 6L1TL OKOJIO 950 Mna. B pHJJ;e cJlyqaeB B D;eJlHX 3KOHOMHJr
BeT-
oro MeTaJJJIa BKJlaJJ;lJm JJ;eJlaeTCH paspeSHLlM, a 6pOHSOBLlM BLInOJIHHeTCH TOJIbKO
HarpymeHHYH ceKTOp BR'JJaJJ;L1ma. HeKoTopLle sapy6emBLle 4>HpMLI HSrOTaBJlHBaIDT
nOJJ;mHnHUK1I CKOJlb'UeHHH C SaJIHBKOii BKJJ8JJ;L1ma aBTIl
pHKD;HOHHLlM cnJIa BO\!
C rpa
uToM. npH nocJleJJ;YIDm.eH paCTOqKe Ha pa60qeH nOBepXHOCTH BKJlaALlDIa
06pasyeTcH CJJoi, xopomo coxpaHHIDID;Hi CMaSKY. nOAmHnBBKH CKOJJL'KeHHH
HMeIDT PHJJ; cYID;eCTBeBBLlX HeJJ;OCTaTKOB - SHaqHTeJlLBLlH JiISHOC BKJlaJJ;L1meii, 1\OS-
MomBoe SaKJIHBHBaHHe meHKH BaJlKa npH ero nepeKoce H HenpaBHJlLBOi VCTa-
BOBKe, CHJlLBLli HarpeB H Be06xoJJ;HMOCTL HHTeBCHBHoro OXJlamJJ;eHHH Kopnyca
,nOJJ;mHnBHKa.
CHcTeM8 CMaSICH. CMasKa BaJiKOBLlX nOJJ;mHnBHKOB KaJlaBJJ;pOB 06L1qBO D;eBTpa-
JJHSOBaBBaH; npHMeBHeTCH KaK rYCTaH, TaK H mHJJ;KaH CMaSKa OT cne:O;HaJiLHOH
MaCJIHHOii CTaBD;UH.
B nOCJleJJ;Bee BpeMH npHMeHHeTCH CaMOTeqHaH CHCTeMa mHJJ;Koi CMaSKH. n pH
aTOM MaCJlO BaCOCOM nOJJ;aeTCH B pesepByap 1 (puc. 6.16), pacnOJJOmeBHLlR B Bepx-
HeR 1J:aCTH K8JJaH,npa, U oTTYJJ;a caMOTeKOM no oTJJ;eJILHLlM Tpy60npOBOJJ;aM nocTY-
naeT BO Bce nOJJ;munHHKH 2. Hs nOJJ;mHnHHKOB MaCJJO CTeKaeT no MaCJIOnpoBoJJ;aJl!
B C60PBLIH 6aK 4, npOXOJJ;H qepes KOBmOBLle YKasaTeJIH 3. npH npeKpaID;eBBH RJlU
YMeHLmeHUH nOTOKa MaCJIa qepes KaKOH-JlH60 nOJJ;mHnHHK KOBmOBLli YKasaTeJJL
186
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Pac. 6.14. nO
BKB Kaqeaall BaJIKa KaJIaJlApa:
1 - BT¥m<a; S, 14 - DpOIUlIUl;Ka; 3 - KOPDYC nO)hDHIIIIBKa; 4 - POJUIKOBwt 'DOJlIIDJIIBJII(; 5 - BBBT; 6-
QUJIllRJlPlAecK8JI DJlTa; 7 - MacneBRa; 8 - MacnOOTpalKaTemtBWe JlRCKR; 9 - pa8peaRaJI ralKa; 10 - 1I0000UO;
11 - KOPDYC; 12, 18 - .ua6UpBBTHWe YDJlOTBJITelIbHWe KMbua; 15 - DpUlfQlMBaJI lIP_a; 16 - CTODOpJmI
eURT; 11 - CTII1I<BOI 6am'.
I
11
--I
I
....
",,"
*
I
'"
G
Pac. 6.15. nOAIIDIDIIBK CKOJli>)f(eBBII BaJIKa KaJIaB,ll;pa:
1 - OPOB80BaJI B'l'yJlKa; S - KOpUYC; 8 - CTODOPBYI BIIII'1' Jq)eDJleBHII BTYJlKB; 4 - KaBaBKa JIM cOopa Macna;
5 - oTBepCTlte Mil BBBTOB KpenneBHII MacnoOTBOJllIlQBX YCTPoICTB; 6 - OTBepCTBII JIJIII OTBOJla Macna; 7-
OTBepCTBe JIM yCTaBOBKU TepNOnaploJ; 8 - c1maaeu KpenneBRII MeXaBR8Ma perYJlBpOBaBHII 8aaopa; 9 - OTBep-
CTne JIM DOJlBOJla CMaSKU.
nop;aeT CHrBaJl Ha nYJlLT (samHraeTCH CHrBaJiLHaH JlaMna HJIB paSJJ;aeTCH SBYKOBOi-
CHrHaJI). OTpa60TaBBoe MaCJlO npOXOJJ;HT qepes XOJlOJJ;HJILHHK 6 H CHOBa nOJJ;aeTCH
B BepxHHH pesepByap. TaKaJl CHCTeMa JJ;aeT no cpaBHenHID C paBee npHMeHJlBmH-
MUCH PHJJ; npeuMym;eCTB, rJlaBHLle HS KOTOpyX - HaJJ;emaOCTL CMaSKH, 06eCneqeHHe
KOBTpOJlH sa npaBHJlLHOCTLID CMaSKH, HenpepLlBHaH 4>HJILTpa
H H nOJJ;aqa B nOJJ;-
mHnBHKH OXJIamJJ;eHHoro MaCJla B He06xoJJ;BMLlX KOJJlI1IeCTBax, 06eCneqeBHe OXJJa-
mJJ;eHHH nOJJ;mHnHBROB, qHCTOTa KaJlaHJJ;pa, 3KOBOMBLIH pacxoJJ; MaCJIa.
,D;pyroii BOSMomHOH CHCTeMOH nOJJ;aqH mHJJ;KOH CMaSKH HBJlHeTCH nOJJ;aqa MaCJIa
nOJJ; JJ;aBJleHHeM OT cneu;n:aJlLHOrO MaCJIHBOrO Hacoca.
nOAIIIHnHHKH KaqeHHH CMaSL1BaIDTCH 60JJLmeii qaCTLID KOHCHCTeHTHLlMH CMas-
KaMH BJIH mHJJ;KBM MaCJlOM OT n;eHTpaJlLHOH YCTaHOBKH. nOJJ;m:un:BBRH peJJ;YKTopa,
B 6J10K-peJJ;yKTOpa, KaR npaBHJIO, CMaSLlBaIDTCH OT OTJJ;eJlLHOrO MaCJlHHOrO Hacoca.-
TeMnepaTypa nOJJ;mBDHHKOB Be JJ;OJlmHa npeBymaTL 60-70 °C. Ha HeKOTopLlX
KanaHJJ;pax, He HMeIDm;HX YCTpOHCTBa JJ;JIH KOHTpOJlH TeMnepaTypLl MaCJla, OTXO-
JJ;HID;ero OT nOAmHnHBROB, npBMeHHIDT TepMonapLl P;JlH saMepa TeMnepaTypLl nOJJ;-
mHnHHKOB. TepMOnapy YCTaHaBJlHBaIDTCJI B Kopnyce nOAmHDHBROB. ROMneHca-
D;UOHHYe npOBOJJ;a TepMonap BLlBOP;HT K MHOrOTOqequOMY nOTeHu;n:OMeTPY BJIB KOH-
TaKTBOMY raJlLBaBOMeTpy, nepeKJlIDqaIDID;eMycJI C OAHOH TepMOnapY Ha JJ;pyrYID.
Y Bcex T:un:OB nOnnmDHHKOB BMeeTCH sasop MemJJ;Y BpaID;aIDm;eHCH D;an
i-
BaJiKa (B nOnmBnHBKaX KaqeHHH - C BacameHHOH Ha Hee 060iiMOH) B BKJIaALIII1eM
(B nOnmHnmmax KaqeHHH - HenOJJ;BIDKBOH 060iiMOH), 9THM yqBTLIBaeTCH BOSMOm-
HOCTL TepMH"IeCKOrO pacmBpeHHH BaJiKa. RorJJ;a KaJlaHAP pa60TaeT nOJJ; HarPYSKOH
H sasop MemJJ;y BaJlKaMB SanOJIHeB peSHHOBOH CMeCLID, sa Sop MemJJ;y meiiKOH BaJlKa
H TeJlOM BKJl8,IU>lma nOJJ; BosJJ;eicTBHeM pacnopHoro yCHJlHlI yMeHLmaeTCH C OAHOH
CTOpOHLI JJ;O HYJlH B He BJIBlIeT Ha TO
nOJIyqaeMoro JlHCTa (pHC. 6.17, a).-
OJJ;HaKo KaK TOJILKO BeJlJAJma sanaca pe81U1LI B sasopax BaJiKOB BSMeHHTCH, BSMe-
HHTClI B JJ;aBJJeHHe Ha BaJlKH PI' P 2' P s , BLlSLlBaIDID;ee, B CBOID OqepeJJ;L, BSMeHeHHe-
TOJlID;lDlI>l nOJlyqaeMoro JlHCTa. n03TOMY B KaJlaB,D;pax npHMeHHIDT nOJJ;mHnHHKH,
npeJJ;BapHTeJJLHO HarpymeHBYe (nOJIOmeHHe C 1 Ha pHC. 6.17), KOTOpye npB pa60Te-
saiMYT nOJJ01KeHHe .c 2' qTO p;OCTBraeTClI YCTaHOBKOH rBp;paBJllI1IeCKHX
JlHBJJ;POIt.
Ha KamJJ;OM KOBD;e, BaJIKa, OKaSYBaIDID;HX BOSJJ;eHCTBHe Ba Kopnyc nOJJ;mmmBRa.
06LIqHO YCTaBaBJlHBaIDT no JJ;Ba
JlHHJJ;pa Ha KamJJ;OM Ko
e BaJlKa (pHC. 6.17, 6),.
KOTopLle npBmHMaIDT meiiKY BaJlKa K nOBepXHOCTII BKna,D;LJ1lla nOJJ;nmnHHKa HJIH
nOJJ;BHmBoH 060HMe.
rHJJ;paBJlH"IeCKHH D;HJlHHJJ;P COSJJ;aeT JJ;aBJleHBe Ha KamAyIO D;an
y BaJiKa npu-
MepH.0 JJ;O 0,07 MH. npHmHMHLle rBJJ;paBJIlI1IeCKHe YCTpoHcTBa Moryr 6L1T:& P;BOH-
Horo p;eiicTBIIH JI YCTaHaBJIHBaIDTCH no OJJ;BOMY Ha JJ;Ba nOAmHDHBRa. B 3TOM CJlY-
qae npHiHHMHOe rHJJ;paBJlBqeCKOe YCTPOHCTBO YCTaHaBJlHBaeTCH MemJJ;y BaJiKaMB
(pHC. 6.17, 8).
6.3.3. CTaHHHbl
CTaHHBLI KaJlaHJJ;pa OTJlHBaIOTCH D;eJlLBYMB BS qyryua MapOK Cq 12-28,
Cq 15-32, Cq 18-36. B cpeJJ;HeH qaCTH CTaHIUILI BMeIDTCH npopeSH JJ;JIH yCTaHoBKB
no,nmHnHHKOB BaJiKOB.
CTaHIUILl onopHLlMH nOBepXBOCTHMH YCTaHaBJlHBaIOTCR Ha
YB,D;aMeBTBOH
nJlne H KpenHTCH K Hei 60JITaMH. <I>yuJJ;aMeHTHye nnHTLI BLlnOJIHHIOTClI M8CCHB-
HLlMH liS qyrYBHoro JIHTLH C paSBHTYMH pe6paMH meCTKOCTII. CBepxy CTaHHBh1
CKpenJiHIDTCH MaCCHBHOH TpaBepcoH (nonepeqlUloH).
6.3.4. MexaHMsM perynHpoBaHMfI sasopOB
Me>KAY BanKaMH
B saBHCHMOCTH OT XapaKTepa pa60TLI KaJlaBJJ;pa B 06pa6aTHBaeMOro MaTe-
pHaJla MeHHeTCH sasop MemJJ;Y BaJiKaMB. ,D;JllI perYJlHpOBaHHH sasopOB npHMeHHeTCH
cnen;u.aJl:&HLli MexaHHSM, COCTOHm;Hi 06L1quo HS 3J1eKTpOJJ;BHraTeJIH, peJJ;yKTopa
189
qepBftqHOrO TUna H npHmHMBoro BHHTa, nepeMem;aIDm;ero nOJJ;mnnBHK KaJlaBJJ;pa
B npopeSH CTaBHBLI.
Y KaJlaH,npOB CTapLlX OHCTPYK perYJlHpOBaHHe sasopOB MemJJ;Y BceMH
BaJiKaMH ocym;ecTBJlHJIOCL OT OAHoro 9JIeKTpOJJ;BBl'aTeJIlI qepes CHCTeMY nepeJJ;aq
H KYJla1lR0BLlX YCTPOHCTB. Co-
BpeMeBBye KaJIaBJJ;pY HMeIDT BH-
ABBHJJ;yaJlLBye MexaBHSMLI pery-
JIHpOBaBHH sasopOB Ha KamJJ;YID
CTOPOHY perYJJUpyeMoro BaJlKa.
n pHBOp; MexaBHSMa COCTOBT HS
3J1eKTpOJJ;BHraTeJlH nepeMeBBoro
TOKa MOID;HOCTbID OT 0,2 JJ;O 2,8 KBT
(B saBHCHMO.CTH OT paSMepa Ka-
JIaH,npa) H peJJ;YKTopa C i = 1300-
4000. CKOPOCTL nepeMeID;eBHH
nOJJ;munBUKa BaJJKa OpH pery-
JlHpOBaBBB sasopa npH rpy60i Ha-
cTpoiKe paBBa 2,0-4,7 MM/MHH,
a npH TOqBOi BacTpoHKe COCTa-
BJiHeT 0,3-0,5 MM/MHH. MaKcH-
MaJIIoHall BeJIHqHHa aaaopa KO-
Jle6JIeTCH OT 15 ,no 100 MM JJ;JIH
KPYDHLlX H OT 5 JJ;O 10 MM JJ;JIJI
Be60JILmHX KaJlaHJJ;pOB. npHMep
KOHCTpYKTHBHOrO BLlnOJlHeHHJI
TaKoro MexaHHSMa nOKaaaH Ha
pHc.6.18.
BepxHHi BaJJOK 1 pa60TaeT
B no,nmHnBHKax CKOJllomeBBJI, C
JJ;ByX TOPD;OB KOTOporo HMeIDTClI
IS ynJIOTHeBHH JIa6HpUHTHoro Tuna
5 H 17. MexaBHsM perYJlHpOBa-
17 BUH aasopa npHBOJJ;HTCH B JJ;BH-
meHHe OT 3JIeKTpOJJ;BHraTeJlH qe-
pes qepBftqBLlH peJJ;yKTOp 12.
HamuMHoi BHHT 9 peryJIHpOBa-
HHH aasopa nepeMem;aeTCH B
raiKe 10, aaKpenJIeHHOi B CTa-
HBHe 11 KaJJaBJJ;pa. nepeJJ;aqy
peryJIBPOBaBlUI saaopa BepX- YCHJIBH Ha nOJJ;mnnBUK BaJiKa
BHHT OCyID;eCTBJIHeT qepes ynop-
HYH nOJJ;mHnHUK 7. JIID4>TY B sa-
sopax MeX8HH3Ma perYJlHpO-
BaBHH H B no,nllIBDnHKe BaJlKa
YCTpaHHIDTcH npu nOMOID;ll rH-
JJ;paBJJHqeCKOrO D;HJlUHJJ;pa 15,
BosJJ;eiicTBYIDID;ero Ba BcnOMora-
TeJJLHLIH no,nmHnBUK 16, tloca-
meHHYi Ha D;an4>e BaJiKa. rB,D;pO JlBHJJ;PLI npeJJ;BapHTeJILHO BarpymaIDT nOJJ;-
munsHKH BaJlKOB, KaK 3TO onuCaHO BLIme. PerYJIHpOBOqBbIe BHHTLI Bp8ID;aIDTCJI
B 6POHSOBLIX raiiKax 10. B KaqeCTBe peJJ;YKTopOB npHMeHHIDT JJ;ByxCTyneHqaTLIe
qepBftqHLIe HJlH rJI060HJJ;BLle pep;YKTopLl, a TaKme KOM6HHa qepBHqBYX peJJ;YK-
TOpOB C nJlaHeTapHLlMH.
MeXaHUSMY perYJlHpOBaHHH saaopOB HMeIDT KOHD;eBLIe OrpaHHqHTenH n pe e-
190
'2
6
If
01
I
J
PHC. 6.t8. MeXaBBSM
aero BMKa KaJJaB pa:
1 - DepxBldl: BaJlOK; 2 - llpoBSOBaJI B'l'yJlKa nO.1UDRDllDKa;
8 - IIPOBSOBoe KOJlbI(O; 4 - YDOPBWI: ROAmBRR\IK; S - yn-
JlO'I'HeBBe; 6 - Kopnyc nOJUIDUIBBKs; 7 - ynopBldl: DOA-
IDJDIBIIKi 8 - BalKBMHoil ARCK; 9 - DHHTi 10 - rafiKs;
11 - CTaBBB8 KaJlSHApa; 12 - qepBRqHiolit PeJIYKTOP; 13-
..epBll'lJloe KOJIeco; 14 - YKSSa1'eJlb BeIIH'IHHioI sasops; lS-
J'IIjQ)3.BmAecKItCI: I(BIUtRAP MeXaBB3MS BwlIopa mo.sm>B; 16-
1ICDOMOraTeJlbBWI: DOAWBDBRK MeX8.B113Na Bw(iopa motjrroB;
17 -}'JUJ0TRe8IIe.
ID;eHHH BaJiKOB, KOTOpLle aBTOMaTH"IeCKH OCTaHaBJlHBaIOT 3J1eKTpOJJ;BHraTeJIH npD
JJ;OCTHmeHUU npeJJ;eJlLBOH BeJIH"IBHLI sasopOB. RpOMe Toro, MemJJ;Y KOHD;OM npHilmM-
Horo BHHTa H nOJJ;mHDBHKOM BaJJlta qaCTO Ha aepXHBX BaJlKaX YCTaHaBJIBBaIDT npeJJ;o-
xpaHHTeJlLBLle TapeJiKH (AHCKH), a Ha HumHHX - cpeSHLle mnHJlbKH.
MexaHUSMLI perYJJHpOBaHHH sa-
sopa cHa6maIDTCH npHcnoco6JIeHHHMJI
JJ;JIH BKJlIDqeBHH cpasy 060HX 3J1eK-
TpOJJ;BHraTeJlei, YCTaHOBJleBHLlX Ba pe-
rYJIHpyeMoM BaJlKe; 3J1eKTpOJJ;BHraTeJIH
Moryr BKJIIDqaTLCH U HHABBUJJ;yaJlLBO.
3TO nOSBOJIHeT nepeJJ;BHraTL BaJlOK
napaJlJleJlLBO ero OCH HJIn me nepe-
BHraTL Kam
bli KOHeD; OTJJ;eJlLHO.
B COBpeMeHHJ>lX KOHCTPYKD;HHX Ka-
JlaB,npOB HaqHHaIDT HCnOJlLSOBaTL rH-
JJ;paBJlHqeCKHe H rHJJ;ponBeBMaTH"IeCKHe
MeXaHHSMLI JJ;JlH perYJlHpOBaHHH saso-
pOB MemJJ;Y BaJlKaMH KaJlaHJJ;pOB. Y c-
TPOHCTBO MexaHHsMa TaKoro Tuna, npn-
MeBHeMoro
HpMoi «<I»appeJI» (CIlIA),
nOKasaHO Ha pUc. 6.19. 3TO YCTPOH-
CTBO BMeeT pJlJJ; npeHMyID;eCTB nepeJJ;
MeXaHH"IeCKHM - 6LIcTpoe paaBeJJ;eBHe
BaJlKOB;(9,525 MM/C), 6YCTpOe BOSBpa-
ID;eBBe BaJlKa B HCXOJJ;Hoe nOJIoateHHe,
npe,nOTBpaID;eHue neperPYSKH H no-
JIOMKU, YCTpaBeBue CHJILHOrO TpeBJIJl
. MemJJ;y BHHTOM H raiKoii, 60JILmoi
JJ;uanasoH perYJlupOBaHUH sasopa
(60 : t BMeCTO 06b1qBLlX 5 : 1).
6.3.6. rMApaBnM'feCKMe
YCTaHoBKH
Bee rHJJ;paBJIHqeCKHe MeXaH
SMbI
COBpeMeHHYX KaJlaHJJ;poB npHBo,nHTCH
B JJ;eHCTBHe OT CneD;HaJlLHOrO rHJJ;po-
npHBOJJ;a. B CCCP 06b1QBO npHMeHH-
IDTCH I'B
paBJIBqeCKHe MaCJJHHLle Ha-
COCY c' JJ;aBJleHHeM MaCJJa 5 Mna.
ECJlH Tpe6yeTcH 60JlLmee JJ;aBJIeHHe
MaCJIa, TO npHl\1eHHIDT rHJJ;pOYCHJlH-
TeJlH (MYJJLTHnJlUltaTopbl). Hacoc (qaID;e
meCTepeB1J:aTLlii) sa6HpaeT MaCJIO HS
c60pBoro 6aKa H nOJJ; JJ;aBJIeHHeM 5 Mna
nOJJ;aeT ero K D;UJlHB,npaM HJIH B rH-
POYCHJlHTeJIL, HS KOToporo MaCJIO nOJJ;
JJ;aBJJeHHeM 12 Mna nocTynaeT B D;H-
JlHH,npLI JJ;JlH BLl60pa JlID4>TOB, nepeKpeID;DBaHHH ocei HJln KOHTpnsru6a BaJlKOB.
OTpa60TaBBoe MaCJlO qepes
HJJLTp BOSBpaID;aeTCH B C60PHLIH 6aK. r
JJ;pOcHcTeMa
KaJIaHJJ;pa aBTOMaTH"IeCKH ynpaBJlHeTCH H KOHTpOJlHPyeTcH COOTBeTCTByIOID;HMD.
KOBTpOJlLHO-USMepHTeJlLBLlMH npH60paMH.
6
8
5
9
"
J
10
11
12
2 ,
PRC. 6.19. fup;paBJIB'lecKBii MeXaBB3M P;JIJI pa-
ryapOBaBRJI sasopa MemAY BaJlI(aMB Kuaup;pa:
1 - lJIeRTPOJlBlU'aTeJl&; S - peAYKTOP; 3 - a1!8puft-
BId BDYCK MaCJJa; 4 - Dopmem. avaplI8Boro Jlett-
CTBIUI; 5 - ceAJlO Manea; 6 - KOPDyC DOJIDIl1DHlJKa
BanKa; ., - OC& Bamea; 8 - BYXOJl MaMa; 9 - DOp-
mem.; 10 - BBBTi 11 - B%OA MaMa; IS - ralKa.
191"
6.3.6. npHBOA KanaHApOB
npHBOJJ; KaJlaHJJ;pOB MomeT 6b1TL OCYID;eCTBJIeH no paSJIH"IHhIM KHHeMaTH"IeCKHM
.cxeMaM. B OCHOBBOM npHMeBHIDTCH CJleJJ;yIOID;He HaH60Jlee pacnpOCTpaBeHBLle BapH-
aHTY: a) OT OJJ;Horo 3JJeKTpOJJ;BHraTeJlH qepes peJJ;YKTOp H CHCTeMY npHBOJJ;HYX H
nepeJJ;aTOqBLlX sy6qaTYX Konec; 6) OT OJJ;Boro 3J1eKTpOJJ;BHraTeJlH qepes peJJ;YKTOp
H 6J10K-peJJ;YKTop C nepeJJ;aqeH JJ;BBmeBHH KamJJ;OMY BaJlKY OTJJ;eJlLHblM mapBupBLlM
'DlnHBJJ;eJleM; B) OT OAHoro 3J1eKTpOJJ;BHraTeJlH qepes 6JIOK-peJJ;YKTOp C nepeJJ;aqei
JJ;BumeHHH KamJJ;OMY BaJlKY OTJJ;eJlLHLlM mapBHpBLlM mnUBJJ;eJIeM; r) OT BBJJ;HBU-
.JJ;yaJlLHOrO JJ;JlH KamJJ;oro BaJJKa 3J1eKTpOJJ;BHraTeJIJI qepes 6JIOK-peJJ;YKTOp H OTJJ;eJlL-
Hye JJ;JIJI KamJJ;oro BaJiKa mapBHpHYe DlnHHJJ;eJlH.
npHBOALI KaJlaBJJ;pOB JJ;OJImBLI 06eCneqUBaTL pa60TY Ba paaJIH"IBYX CKOpOCTHX
B SaBHCHl\fOCTH OT BLlnOJIBHeMLlX TeXBOJlOrH"leCKHX onepa i. B HaqaJle pa60Tbl
KaJlaHJJ;p JJ;OJlmeH pa60TaTL Ba sanpaBOqBOi CKOpOCTH (3-6 M/MUB). B TeqeHHe
3Toro nepHo,na npOHSBOJJ;HTCH sanpaBKa TKaHH B KaJIaBJJ;p H JJ;pyrue nOJJ;c06BLle
onepaD;BB, CBHsaHHLIe C nYCKOM RaJlaBJJ;pa B pa60TY. nocJle 3Toro KaJlaHp;p nepe-
BOJJ;UTCH Ha pa60QYID CKOpOCTL. Pa60qHe CKOpOCTIl KaJlaHJJ;pOB CTapblX KOHCTPYKD;mi
MOrJIH perYJlHpOBaTLCH B npeJJ;eJIax OT 1 : 3,n0 1 : 4. B HaCTOHID;ee BpeMH KaJIaBJJ;pLl
06L1qHO oeIDT npHBOJJ;LI C perYJlHpOBaHHeM CKOpOCTH 1 : 10. MaKCHMaJlLHaH CKO-
pOCTL Y COBpeMeBBLIX KaJlaHJJ;pOB KOJle6J1eTCH B npe,neJlax 50-120 M/MBB. 3JIeKTpO-
_JJ;BuraTeJlL KaJlaBJJ;pa JJ;OJImeH n03ToMY HMeTL nepeMeHHyIO qaCTOTY BpaID;eHUH,
nJJaBHOe perYJlHpOBaBHe CKOpOCTU B mHpOKHX npeJJ;eJlax, MaKCUMaJlLBLlH KPYTH-
H MOMeHT npH Bcex CKOPOCTHX, npHMoH H peBepcHBBLIii XOJJ; H BLlJJ;epmHBaTL
MrBOBeHBLle neperpysKH JJ;O 300%.
3THM yCJIOBHHM COOTBeTCTBYIDT 3J1eKTpOJJ;BHraTeJIH nOCTOHHHoro TOKa C mYH-
-TOBOH 06MOTKOi, HMeIDID;He perYJIHpOBaHHe qaCTOm BpaID;eHHH 1 : 10 H nOSBOJlH-
IDID;He oCYID;ecTBHTL 3J1eKTpOJJ;HBaMlI1IeCKOe TopMomeHHe. PerYJlHpOBaHue qatToTLI
BpaID;eHHH JJ;OCTHraeTCH sa CqeT npHMeHeHHH TpeXMamBBHoro arperaTa CJiCTeMLI
«BapJJ; - JIeoHapJJ;O». nOJJ;06BLli npHBOJJ; lIMeeT 66JILmM qaCTL pa6OTaIOID;1IX Ka-
JlaB,tq>OB. pJlJJ; sapy6emHLIX UpM U OTeqecTBeHBaH DpOMymJIeHBOCTL HaqDHaIOT
mBpoKo DpllMeHHTL pryTHLle HJIH TUpBCTopHLle BblnpHMHTeJlH C perYJIHpOBaBueM
TOKa Boa6ymJJ;eHHH 1: 100, KOM6HBHpyeMLle C mYHToBLlM JJ;BHraTeJIeM, y KOTO-
poro perYJIHpyeTcH HanpHmeHHe Ba HKope. OHH 3KOHOMUqHLI, HMeIDT BLICOKHH
Rn,D;, He saBHCHID;ui OT HarpYSKH, U JJ;onycKaIDT KpaTKOBpeMeHHLIe neperpysKH.
MOID;BOCTL 3JIeKTpo,nBHraTeJleH JJ;JlH npHBOJJ;a KaJIaBJJ;pOB aaBHCUT OT KOJlHqe-
>CTBa BaJiKOB, HX pasMepOB H CKOpOCTIl BpaID;eHBH. MOm;BOCTL 3J1eKTpo,nBHraTeJIH
rJIaBBOrO upHBOJJ;a onpeJJ;eJlHIDT HCXOJJ;H HS OnYTBLIX JJ;aHBLlX 0 pa60Te KaJlaBJJ;pOB
U MOID;Hoem, npHxoJJ;HID;eicH Ha 1 CM JJ;JIHBI>1 pa60qei qaCTH OJJ;Boro BaJlKa:
N =0,736 nLK
'l'Ae N - MODgiOCTi>, KBT; n - '1BCJlO BaJIKOB KaJIaaApa; L - ARBBa paoo'leii nOBepmOCTB
Baua, CM; K - .MOm;aOCTb 9JIeKTpOABliraTeJlJl (JI. c.), DpBXOAJIID;&JICJI Ba 1 CM lIJIBBLI pa60'leii
"IaCTR BUKa; 06H'IB0 K npBBBMaeTeJl paBBHM:
PaaMepw pa(io1leA qaCTR
BanROB KanaJIJXPOB, 11M
,nJIII TpeX-
BamcoBwx
KlUlaBJlPOB
,nnll qeTwpeX-
BanKOBWX
KanaHJlPOB
0.2-0,3
0,140-0.145
0.150-0,155
0.29-0,36
460x940 .
400x 1000
500x 1250
610X 1730
710x2000
0.135-0.140
0,145-0,150
0.24-0.28
0,40-0.42
OJJ;SaKO eCJIB P;JlJI CTapyX KOHCTPYKD;Hi KaJIaH,npoB paCqeTBaH MOID;BOCTL,
.onpeJJ;eJleHHaH no npBBeJJ;eHBoi 4>opMYJle, COOTBeTCTBOBaJla npaKTH"IeCKH MOID;-
EOCTH yCTaBOBJIeB1DiX 9J1eKTpoJJ;BHraTeJleH rJIaBHOrO npHBOJJ;a, TO JJ;JIH cOBpeMeB-
'192
BLIX KaJIaHJJ;pOB C nOBLImeBHYMH CKOpOCTHMU npHBeJJ;eHHYe SBaqeBHH K He06xo--
P;HMO yoeJIH"IHTL B 1,5-2 pasa B saBHCUMOCTH OT paSMepOB KaJIaBApa H OKpymHOH:
CKOpOCTH BaJiKOB.
cI»p HH. ConpHKacaIOID;uecH BaJIKB KaJIaBJJ;pa' no YCJlOBBHM TeXHOJIOl'UqeCKOrO
npOD;ecca JJ;OJImBLI B saBHCUMOCTH OT BLlnOJIBHeMOB onepa HMeTL paBBYe HJIH
paSJJH"IHYe oKpymBLle CKOpOCTH. BaJIKH, npe,nHaSBaqeBBYe JJ;JIH BLInycKa JlHCTOBOH
peSHBLI H 06KJJaJJ;KH TKaHH pesHBoi, 06YQHO Bp8ID;aIDTCH 6es pBRD;HH - C 'OTHO-
meBHeM CKopocTeH 1 : 1, XOTH JJ;JIH 60JILmHHCTBa CJIyqaeB TaKaJl pa60Ta BOSMomHa
c npUMeBeHueM Be60JlLmOH 4>PBK - 1 : 1,1 H JJ;ame 1 : 1,2. BaJlKH JJ;JlH npo-
MaSKU TKaBei JJ;OJImBY HMeTL 60JlLmYID 4>PBKD;HID - 1 : 1,4 HJIB 1 : 1,5.
TKaHL npH npOMaSKe ee pesBBoBoi CMeCLID JJ;BBmeTCH co CKOpOCTLID, paBHoD
CKOpOCTH MeJJ;JJeBBO BpaID;aIDID;erOCJI BaJlKa, a peSHHa HaXOAHTCH Ha BaJlKe, KOTO-
pLlH BpaID;aeTCJI 6L1CTpee. n03TOMY qeM MeHLme paSBUD;a B CKOpOCTJlX 3TUX BaJIKOB,
TeM BLlme npoHsBoJJ;HTeJlLHOCTL KaJIaHJJ;pa. O,IJ,HaKO cyID;ecTByeT npeJJ;eJlLBOe SHaqe-
HHe 4>PHKD;HH, HHme KOToporo TKaBL nJJOXO npOMaSLlBaeTCH HJIH He npOMaSLlBaerCJI
COBceM. TaKoi npeJJ;eJI JlemUT rJJ;e-TO MemJJ;Y SHaqeBHHMH 1 : 1,3 H 1 : 1,4. pBK-
D;HID MemJJ;y BaJiKaMH YCTaHaBJIHBaIDT TaKme JJ;JlH YJIyqmeBDJI nOJJ;orpeBa pesHHo-
BLIX cMeceH. B 3TOM cJIyqae npHMeHHIDT pHKD;HID 1 : 1,5 HJlH 1 : 1,4. B yaHBep-
CaJlLBLIX KaJlaBJJ;pax, rAe pnKD;uH HMeeT 60JJLmOe SBaqeBHe JJ;JlH nOJJ;orpeBa,
a TaKme JJ;JlH npOMaSKH, PUKD;UID cTpeMHTcH CJJ;eJIaTL MeHLme. RaK yKasaHo BIIone,
B BeKOTopLlX CJIyqaHx pa60TaIDT C pBKD;Hei H Ha KaJIaBJJ;pax, lIynycKaIDID;Hx
pesHHoBLli JlHCT. npOCJIOeqHYH TpeXBaJlKOBLlH KaJIaBJJ;p 360 X 1100 MM C r-06pas-
BYM pacnOJlomeBHeM BaJlKOB 1IMeeT PBKD;HID MemJJ;y BYHOCBYM H BepXJDIM BaJI-
KaMU 1 : 1,45, a MemJJ;Y HumBHM H BepXBHM BaJlKaMH 1 : 1,23. HecMoTpH Ha TaKYIO
BLICOKyIO 4>PHKD;uID, MaTepHaJl BLlnycKaeTcH YJJ;OBJIeTBOpHTeJlLHOrO KaqeCTBa.
3yt)1JaTLIe DepeAa'IB. B HaCTOHm;ee BpeMH 6oJlLmHBCTBO MamBBOCTpOHTeJILHYX
UpM BLlnyCI<aeT KaJlaBJJ;pLl C npUBOJJ;OM, B KOTOpOM Bce sy6qaTLle nepeAag CHHTY
C meeK BaJlKOB H c06paBbI B CneD;HaJlLBOM 6JIOK-penyKTOpe, a JJ;BHmeHHe BaJiKaM
(KamJJ;OMY OTJJ;eJILBO) nepeJJ;aeTCH "Iepes mapBupHble mnHHAeJlH THna mapBHpa
fyK8,. npH 3TOM 6J10K-pe,nyKTOp MO)l,eT nepe,naBaTL JJ;BHmeBHe BaJlKaM KaJlaHJJ;pa
KaK OT oJJ;Horo 3J1eKTpOp;BHraTeJIH, TaR B OT OTJJ;eJlLHLlX JJ;JIH KamJJ;oro BaJiKa 9JIeKTpO-
,nBHraTeJIeH. TaKHe CXeMY nOSBOJlHIDT nOJIHOCTLID pasrPYSHTL nOAIIIHnBHKH BaJlKOB
OT JJ;onOJIBHTeJlLBYX ycumm, HCKJlIDqaIDT AOnOJIHBTeJlLBYH nporn:6 BaJlKOB, JJ;aIOT
BOSMomHOCTL OCyID;eCTBJlHTL perYJIBpOBaHHe sasopa MeTOJJ;OM nepeKpeID;HBaHHH
BaJiKOB, a TaKme 06eCneqHBaIDT HSMeHeHHe pBRD;DH B He06xoJJ;1IM0M JJ;HanaSOBe.
3y6qaTye KOJIeCa, c06paBHLIe B Kopnyce 6J10K-peJJ;YKTOpa. pa60TaIDT B YCJlOBHJlX
xopomeH CMaSKB H C nOCTOHBHLIMH paCCTOHHHHMH MemJJ;y D;eHTpaMH. nOqTH Bce
OTeqeCTBeBHLle .,KaJIaBJJ;pLl BLInycKaIDTcH C 6J10K-peJJ;yKTOpaMH.
illapHUpHY9' . mnn:BJJ;eJlH nepeJJ;aIDT 60JJLmUe YCHJIHH, n03TOMY BynOJlHHIDTCH
HS CTaJIB 40X HJlB 40XH. OBH nOSBOJlHIDT nepeJJ;aBaTL JJ;BHmeHHe BaJlKaM npH
yrJle nepeKoca JJ;O 8-10 0 Mem,ny OCHMH BaJlKOB H 6J10K-peJJ;yKTopa, qTO OqeBL
BamBO npu pas,nBHraHDH BaJlKOB H HX nepeKpem;BBaHHH.
PeA)'RTOpLi. B KaJlaBJJ;pax, BynYCKaeMYX OTeqeCTBeHHOH npOMYDIJIeHBOCTLID,
npUMeBHIDTCJI penyKTopLI D;HJIHHJJ;pH"leCKHe H KOHUqeCKO-D;HJlHHJJ;pH"leCKHe, KaK
OJJ;BO-, TaK H JJ;ByxcTyneuqaTYe. 3y6qaTLle KOJIeCa peJJ;yKTopOB HSrOTaBJlBBaIDTCH
HS CTaJlB 45, 40X HJlH 45JI C meBpOBBLlM HJIH KOCLIM Sy60M. B peJJ;yKTopax 60JlLmOH
MOm;BOCTH, KaK npaBHJlO, np1lMeHHIDT meBpOHHoe saD;enJIeBHe, 06eCneqHBaIDID;ee
nJJaBHyro pa60ry peJJ;yKTopa H HOpMaJiLHYID pa60TY nOJJ;munHHKOB.
OT,neJILBLle THnLl pe,nYKTopOB BLlnOJIHHIDTCH C saD;enJleHHeM HOBuKoBa. B pe-
,nYKTopax HcnoJlLsyeTcH CMaSKa pas6pLIsrHBaHHeM HS KapTepa HJJH npHBYJJ;HTeJJL-
BaH, KaK npaBHJJO, OT cneD;UaJlLBOrO Bacoca.
BJlOK-peJJ;YKTopLl, npHMeHHeMble JJ;JIH npUBOJJ;a KaJlaHJJ;pOB, MorYT 6L1TL JJ;BYX
TBDOB. B 6J10K-peJJ;YKTOpe nepBoro THna paSMem.eHLI TOJILKO npHBO,IJ,HLle H nepeJJ;a-
TOqBLle sy6qaTLle KOJleCa c06cTBeHBo KaJIaBJJ;pa. B 3TOM cJlyqae 6J1oK-peJJ;YKTop
U m m
.I\J1J1 aBapuiiBOrO OCTaBOBa BAOJlL BaJlKOB Cnepe,nD D csa,nu RaJlaR,npa HaTJlrtf-
l8aeTCJI TpOCID\, COeA1lHeBHLlD C nepeRJlIOlIaTeJleM, BRJlIOqalOID;DM TOPM08BYID CDCTeMY
'B pa60Ty. B pHAe COBpeMeHBLlX RaJlaH,ItpOB KpOMe pyqBoro aBapdBoro OCTaBOBa
l'aJIau,npa npe,nYCMaTpUBaeTCJI TaKme aBapdHLIii OCTaBOB OT BamaTJiUI BorOH Ba
J',onOJIBUTeJlLBOe aBapDiiBoe YCTPOHCTBO, pacnOJlOmeBBOe B HHmBeH qaCTB CTamDIY.
B KaJIaBJJ;pax CTapLlX ROBCTPYKD;d B TOM cnyqae, eCJIB npHBO
oc
eCT.JIJleTCB
OT 3JIeKTpOABDraTeJIJI nepeMeHHoro TOKa, npllMeBJleTCJI ROJlO
01lHHii TOpM08 C 8J1eR-
TpOr
paBJIHqeCKIIM TOJIKaTeJleM TUna TKTr-400. Bce COBpeMeBBYe RaJlaBAPLl
BblDYCKaIDTCH C npUBOJJ;OM OT 8JIeKTpo,nBn:raTeJleH nOCTOHHBoro TORa. B 8TOM
,CJIyqae np:eMeBHeTCH 8J1eKTpOAHHaMUlIeCKOe TopMomeHDe.
6.4. YCTAHOBKH AMI HArPEBA H OXnA>KAEHHfI BAnKOB
,D;JlJI BOpMaJlLBOH pa60TLI RaJlaH,Itpa OqeBL BamBO 06eCnellHTL nOCTOHHCTBO
'TeMneparypLl BO Bcex TOqgaX pa60qeH JJ;J1DHLI BaJlRa. PaCTOqeBHYe BByTPD BaUB,
,KaK yme YKaSLlBaJIOCL paBee, Be YJJ;OBJleTBOpHIDT 8THM TpOOOBaBHHM. RpaH pa60-
eH
aCTD BaJlKOB co CTOpOHLI meeR B nOAJllDDHBROB OXJlam,naIOTCB CDJlLBee, qeM
'cpeABHJI qaCTL.
ROJle6aBDJI TeMnepaTypLl no JJ;J1UBe BaJiRa HBorJJ;a AOCTUraIOT 8-10 OCt 3TO
npHBOADT R BepaBHOMepBoMy TeMnepaTypBOMY pacmHpeBUID BaJlR8, qTO BLIP a-
i
aeTCJI B MeCTBOM U8MeBeBHH ADaMeTpa, DCRamaIOID;eM
pMy nOBepXHOCTD BaJlRa,
'B peSY
1LTaTe DSMeBBeTCJI TOJI
a BLIDYCRaeMoro JIBCTa pe8BBLI. HarpeB BaJlKOB
npoDSBOlOlTCH napOM JJ;aBJleHDeM 0,3 Mna. PaCTOqeBBLIe BaUB Tpe6yIOT 60JlLmol:
()CTOpOmHOc.TH npD HarpeBe KaJlaH,Itpa. HarpeB RaJlaBJJ;pa AO pa60qeH TeMnepaTypLl
npOUSBOlOlTCJI npD Me,nJleBHOM Bp
eBHB BaJlROB. RaK nOKaS8J1B OOLITLl, JJ;a»te
ROpOTKaJl OCTaBOBRa BeAeT R BenpaBDJlhBOMY BarpeBY BXU OXJlamAeBBID Ba
a,
U 06pasYIDID;HHCH 8KCD;eBTpUCHTeT BaJiKa (SaMepBeMLIii npB nOMOID,H
-JlyqeBoro
'TOJIID;BHOMepa) Be UCqeSaeT B TeqeHDe qaca.
npUMeueBDe nepu
epn:iiHo-cBepJleHYX BaJlKOB, KaK 6YJlO YKa8aRO paRee,
nOSBOJIBJIO YCTpaBDTL MBorDe DS YKasaBHLlx BeJJ;OCTaTKOB D COSJJ;aTL yCJlOBBJI JJ;U
.aBTOM:aTD3a
D perYJIBpOBaRDJI TeMnepaTyphI.
B cOBpeMeBHYX KaJlaBJJ;pax npUMeBHIDTCJI Cne
aJlLBLle YCTaHOBKD JJ;JlJI pery-
.JIHpOBaBDH TeMnepaTYpY BaJlROB. OJJ;Ba HS npHHJlTLlX cxeM npneJJ;eBa Ba pDC. 6.21.
BaJIKD HarpeBaIDTCJI ropnel: BOJJ;OH, nocTynaID
ei D8 TenJIo06MeHBJIKa 1. Pery-
J1DpOBaBBe TeMnepaTypY BO)Utl npODSBOJJ;HTCJI TepMoperYJIHTOpOM 4, KOTOpLII:
BI\JIIDqaeT DJlD OTKJlIOqaeT no,naqy napa B TenJIo06MeBHHK. TeMnepaTypa BOALI
aaMepHeTCH TepllOnapoH 3. OXJlamJJ;eBHe BaJiRa npOD8BOAJilTCH XOJIOJJ;BC>B BOAol:
-c nOCTOJlHHOH,
eMnepaTYPoH, nocTynaIOID;eH DS TenJlo06MeBBHKa 7. XOJIOnHaH
II ropJlqaJl B
a UOAaeTCH DHlOIBBAyaJILBYM Ha RamJJ;LlH PRnOR HaCOCOM 5.
3aAaBHaJl TeMnepaTypa nOMepiRUBaeTCJI B YCTaBOBJleBHLlX npeJJ;eJlax npB
nOMOID;H TepMoperYJlJlTopa 4, KOTOpLlii, ynpaBJlJlH MeM6paHBYMD KJlanaHaMU 2,
perYJIUpyeT nocTynJleH1le rOpJlqeH D XOJIoJJ;Boi BO,ny B BaJIOK KaJlaBApa. TOllBOCTL
perYJlDpoBaBDH TeMoepaTypLl BO)Utl :f:3°C. HHofJJ;a BarpeB CBepJleBLlX B8JIROB
npoHSBoJJ;JlT napoM JJ;aBJleBHeM 0,6 Mna, OAHaKO peryJlUpOBaBHe TeMnepaTypLl ropJl-
"IeB BOJJ;L1 JJ;aeT JIyqmue pesyJlLTaTLI.
Y CTaBOBKD BarpeBa D OXJlam,neBDJI BaJlKOB 6L1BaIOT 1IIIAHBDJJ;yaJlLBLle - JJ;JIJI
OAHoro KaJlaR,npa BJlD RaJiaBAPOBoH J1HBBB, CocToJl
ei DS JJ;BYX RaJIaBJJ;pOB, a TaK-
iI\e
eBTpaJIU30BaBBLle - Ba rpynny RaJlaB,npoB.. tIT06y 06eCneqHTL paBBOMep-
1l0CTL HarpeBa BaJlKOB, DBor,na C KpaeB BaJlRa B Cne
aJlLBLlX KaBaJlaX YCTaBaBJlU-
BaIOT 3J1eKTpooo,norpeBaTeJID, KOTophIe 06eCnellUBaIOT no,norpeB, ROMneBCDpy-
IOlI\HH 60JI LlI!ee OCTLlBaBHe BaJlKOB no KpaJlM no cpaBBeBHID C cepeJJ;DHoH.
*) OTe'leCTBeaaaJl npOMLImJIeRBOCTi> BHnY
Ka8T RaJIaBApLi ROMDJIeRTaO C YCTaBOBKaMIt
J1f1 narpeBa BaJIKOB, TaR BaSLIBaeMhIMB TeUJIOBLIMB CTaBD;BJlMB, B R8'100TBe TeUJIoaOCOTeJIJI
npUMealleTCJI XDtD'lOORB o'lB1l\eRB8JI BOAa BJIO ROBAeBcaT. TewepaTYpa TeUJIOBOCllTeJIfI aBTO-
AtamqeCRU perYJIBp
eTClI B npeAeJI8X 20+120 °C.I
t3. t95
3aMep TeMnepatypLl BpaID;aIOID;erOCJI BaJlKa RaJIaBJJ;pa npeJJ;CTaBJlHeT c060i
TPYAHYIO aaJJ;aqy. ,D;JlJI 3TDX D;eJlei npBMeBJlIOTCJI KOBTaKTHLle TepMOnapLl paSJI1fII-
BLIX KOBCTPYRD;UH 11 6eCROBTaRTBLle paJJ;Ua OBBLle TepMOMeTpLl. 06yqBO npBM8-
BHIOT nJiaCTUsqaTyIO TepMonapy, npUmBMaeMyIO R BaJiRy Ba OTRDAHOM KpOsm-
TeiBe. He,nOCTaTOR TaKoro cnoco6a USMepeHDH SaKJIIDqaeTCH B TOM, qTO TepMonapa
HarpeBaerCJI OT TpeBIDI 0 BaJIOK. npBMeHHIOT TepMonapLl, BMOBTDpOB8HHLIe B no-
BepXBOCTL BaJlKa. B 3TOM cJlyqae CHDMaTL nOKaaaHDH npDXOAHTCJI qepes KOHTaRT-
BLIe KOJILD;a, TO JlBJIJleTCH cepLeSHYM BeJJ;OCTaTKOM 9Toro cnoc06a. HaD60Jlee
YJJ;06HLlM HBJIJleTCH cnoc06 Omll1leCROrO paAHaD;DOHHoro 6eCKOBTaKTHoro saMepa
TeMnepaTYPLl. OAHaKO 3TOT cnoco6 MaJlO pacnpOCTpaHeH Ds-sa O CYTCTBDH Ha em-
HYX npu60pOB, MorYID;DX saMepHTL TeMnepaTYPY nOBepXHOCTD B npe eJlax 80-
130°C. Ha-sa OTCyTCTBIDI HaJJ;emBYX cnoc060B saMepa TeMneparypLI nOBepXBOCTD
, ,- ----...., 3 ,
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PBC.' 8.21. CXeMa YCTasOBKB p,JISI DO a'DI DeperpeTOi BOAJl[ B aBTOHaTJlllecKoro pery BaBBJI
TelmepaTYpY DOBepmOCTB BUJCa:
1 - TeImOOGMeBIIJfK; I - MeMGPaIIIIIII8 JUlaD8JIY; 8 - TepMODapW; 4 - TePMOpel'}'ml'l'OpW; 5.- BRcoe; /1-
BIUJOIC; 1 - TeDnooGQBBIIJC.
BaJlRa RaJlaHJJ;pa perYJIBpOBaHUe TeMneparypLl BeJJ;yT no TeMneparype BLlXOJJ;JlID;eH
BO,nLl. Ha OTeqeCTBeHHLlX RaJlaHJJ;pax JJ;JlJI SaMepa TeMnepaTypLl BaJlKa YCTaSaBJID-
BaIOT ROHTaRTHLle JJ;anlllm TeMnepaTypLl BaJlKOB ,D;T6-061 U nOTeBD;UOMeTpLl.
6.5. ABTOMATHLIECKOE H3MEPEHHE H PErynHPOBAHHE
Tonw.HHbI BblnYCKAEMOrO nHCTA
,D;JlJI HenpepLlBBoro DSMepeBDH TOJlID,HHY BLlnycKaeMoro Ba RaJlaBJJ;pe PA!\BHO-
Boro JIDCTa cYID;ecTByeT MHoro yCTpoicTB. Hx MomBO pasJJ;eJIBTL Ba CJIeJJ;yIOID;De
rpyDIILl: 1) MeXaJlJl1leCRUe pOJilIKOBOrO Tuna C yRasaTeJILHLlMU rOJlOBRaMU; 2) 3JIeR-
Tpll1leCKDe, SaMepJlIOID;De 9JIeKTpUqeCKOe conpOTUBJleHBe MaTepUaJIa; 3) 3JIeRTpO-
MarBDTHLle BHJJ;yKD;HOBHoro TDna; 4) 3J1eRTplAeCRDe eMROCTHoro TDna; 5) nseBMa-
TUqeCKDe; 6) peHTreBOBCRDe; 7) BeCOBLle YCTpoicTBa BenpepLlBBoro JJ;eHcTBUJI;
8) paAHOaRTuBHoro Tuna. Bce 3TU opu60py 00 cBoeD TOqHOCTD YJJ;oBJleTBOpJlIOT
Tpe60BaHIDIM, npeJJ;'bJlBJlJleMYM R TOJlID;DHe pesDHoBLlX JIUCTOB. OJJ;BaKO nepBLle
ceML rpyun He nOJlHOCTLID YJJ;OBJIeTBOpHIOT nOTpe6HOCTJlM peSBHOBoro npOBSBO,n-
CTBa, U pacnpOCTpaBeH1le nOJlyquJlD npu60pLl panuoaRTDBHoro Tuna.
HaOTODHLle TO BBOMepLi. B 3TUX npD60pax DCnOJILSOBaHO u8J1yqeHBe UCKYC-
CTBeHHO nOJlyqeHHLlx paJJ;DoaRTBBHLlX DSOTonOB. OnLlTaMH 6L1J10 YCTaHOBJleHO, qTO
JJ;JIJI DSMepeHUJI TOJIID;UHLI Bau60Jlee nOJJ;XO HT -JlyqD 3HeprDeH 6-25 MRIOpH,
DMeIOID;ue 60JILmyIO npOBUKaIOm.yIO cnoC06BOCTL.
196
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Bce HSOTOOHLle TOJlID;BBOMepLl COCTOHT HS TpeX 6J10KOB: DSJlyqaTeJlJl - DCTOq- ,
BH:Ka -JlyqeH, npBeMB1!Ka -JlyqeH H yKaSaTeJlB KOJlH eCTBa npBBJlTYX -Jlyqel:.
TOJlID;HHOMep npOXOJJ;HID;erO TBna npBMeBHeTCJI B TeX cJlyqaJlX, ROrJJ;a 06e CTO-
pOBLI peSBBOBOrO JIUCTa ,nocTynBLI ,nJJH HSMepeHHJI. CXeMa pa60TY opH60pa nOKa-
3aBa Ha pHC. 6.22. nOTOK -qaCTB:O; HanpaBJlHeTCJI Ha pesHHoBLlH JlHCT 2. tJacTL
-qaCTBD; oTpamaeTcH, qaCTL norJlOID;aeTCH MaTepHaJlOM, a OCTaJlLBLle 0POXOJJ;JlT
HaCRBOSL D nona,naIDT B uOBBsaD;HoHBYID KaMepy. ROJlll1leCTBO -qaCTHD;, npomeJJ;-
mux qepes JlHCT pesBHLI, eCTL npJlMaJl YBKD;BH MaCCLI eJJ;BBHD;L1 nJloID;a)J;u JlHCTa.
,nJlH Toro T06L1 aaMepBTL TOJlID;HBy JlUCTa no BceH ero mupuHe, npBMeHJlIDT
YCTaBoBKY, COCTOHID;YID HS JJ;BYX cTaD;HoBapHLlx rOJlOBOR, pacnOJIOmeBBLlX no
RpaHM JlUCTa, BJIH OJJ;HOI: JJ;BDraIDID;eHCH nonepeK JlHCTa nonepeMeBHO B 06e CTOpOBLI.
DpD 3TOM SaMepJleTCH cpeA'tHJI Macca JlHCTa HJJR OTKJIOHeHHH OT Cre,rr,Hen: TOJlID;JlBY
PBC. 6.22. CxeMa PaABOaKTBBBOrO
TGJI OMepa DpOxOAJIID;ero TBBa:
1 - BCTOqBBI< BanyqeBBJI; 2 - MaTe-
pBan; 3 - onpe,llenBTeJlb; '4 - ')'I<aaa-
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/I - ,IIBCTa OBB..it ')'I<aaaTeJlb OTIUIO-
HelDla; 1 - aaDBCh Mace..; 8 - aBTO-
MaTll'lecJ<Bit perYJlJlTOp; 9 - YCUnBTeJlb;
10 - Gnol< DBTaBUII; 11 - JDIHDR CBaG-
lKeBBJI 9JJeKTp09HeprBeit.
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4 5
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no mupUHe JlBCTa. nOJlyqeBBLle JJ;aBHLle MorYT 6L1TL no,naHLI B aBToMaTuqecKD
pe YJlJlTOp, KOTOpLlH, Bos eHcTBYH Ha SJleKTpoJJ;BHraTeJlH peryJlHpoBaHHH aasopa,
aBTOMaTuqeCKB YMeBLmaeT BJlD YBeJlHqHBaeT sasopbI MemJJ;Y BaJlKaMB.
DOJlBJleHHe Cne aJlLBJ:dX npHcnoc06J1eHHH JlH KOMneHcaD;HH HsrB6a BaJlKOB
OT pacnopHLlx YCHJlBH BYSBaJIO He06xo,nHMOCTL HX aBTOMaTlI1IeCKOrO perYJIDpO-
BaBUH. B CBJlaH C 3THM 6LIJla npe,nJIOmeHa cJle,nYIOID;aJl CHCTeMa, 06eCneqHBaIDID;aJl
Tpe6yeMoe perYJIHpOBaBHe. CHcTeMa pa60TaeT CJle,nYIOID;HM 06pasoM: RapeTKa
C BCTOqBIIKOM paJJ;uoaKTHBHoro HSJlyqeBHH D JJ;eTeKTopoM ,nBHmeTcH nonepeR JlUCTa,
BenpepLlBBo 3aMepHJI TOJlII\HBY H nOCLlJlaH CHrHaJlLl" B CYMMBPYIDID;YID YCTaHoBKY.
3Ta CYMMupyIOlI\aJl yCTaHoBRa nOAYTomUBaeT CpeABIOID TOJlID;UHY A.JlJI TOqeK, pac-
OOJlOmeHBLlX Ba 1/ 8 , 1/ 4 , 1/8 UJID 1/'1. nmpHBLI JlHCTa, II 3TH SHaqeHHH 3anDCLlBaeT
Ba JJ;HarpaMMe. CpeABBJI TOJlID;HHa MomeT 6LITL HCnOJlLSOBaHa TaRme JJ;JlH perYJlH-
pOBaHUB npBcnoc06J1eHBH JJ;JlJI ROMneHcaD;BH HsrH6a BaJlKOB.
Dp1lMeHeBHe nOJJ;06BOH CDCTeMLI Ha KaJlaB,npax MaCCOBoro npOHSBo,nCTBa (Ha-
npHMep, JJ;JlJI mlIHHoro RopJJ;a) 06eCneqHBaeT yMeHLmeHHe pas6poca JJ;onYCKOB no
TOJIID;IIHe Ha 50% U MOmeT JJ;aTL SHaqHTeJlLBYID 3KOHOMHID (JJ;0 1,5-3% CTOBMOCTD
o6KJlaJJ;OqHOH pe3HHLI). OnDcaBHLlH npu60p npHrOJJ;eH TOJILRO JlH saMepa TOJI-
ID;HBY JlUCTa BHe KaJlaHJJ;pa B oc06eBBo JJ;JlB YCTaHOBKH Ba TpeXBaJlKOBLlX KaJla pax.
B Tex CJlyqaHx, RorJJ;a Tpe6yeTCJI saMepHTL TOJlID;HBY JlHCTa pesHHLI Ha BaJiRe
KaJlaH pa, npHMeHJleTCJI TaR BaSLlBaeMLIii TOJlID;HBOMep OTpameHBoro TBDa. Ha
197
pDC. 6.23 nOKasaHa cxeMa YCTpOHCTBa TaKoro npn:6opa. -qac Y nonap,alOT ua
nDCT, U OTpameHHaB DX qaCTL nOrJIOID;aeTCH IIOBBS OBBOH KaMepoH. HBTeBCHB-
BOCTL OTpameBDB SaBUCHT OT cpe,nBero aTOMBoro Beca oTpamaIO eii cpeJJ;Y B 'l'OJl':'
HHLI :IIICTa, npHqeM HSMeHeHHB HHTeBCDBBOCTII OTpameBHoro IIsJlyqeBDH DpO-
nopu;n:OHaJILHLI TOJlID;HHe JlDCTa. HSOTOnBye TO OMepLl SaMepJlIDT TOJIID;oBy
JIDCTa o 2,5 MM (Macca 1 Mil JlHCTa JJ;O 2,6 Rr). TOqBOCTL IISMepeBDH BSOTOOBLIX
TOJIID;UHOMepOB paBHa 0,5-1 %.
BJlaroJJ;apH BYCOKOH TOqBOCTD DSMepeHBB, Ba,nemaOCTD II YA06cTBY B80TOUHLle
TOJlID;DHOMepLl nOJIyqUJIH mDpOKoe pacnpocTpaBeHue JJ;JIB BSMepeBIDI D aBTOMaTD-
qeCKOrO perYJlBpOBaHDB npo:o;ecca RaJiaBAPOBaBBB.
IIBTauBe RaJIa pa pe3HHoii. ,D;JlH Toro qr06Y JlDCT peSDBLI, BLlXO B Dii C Ka-
JlaH,D;pa, HMeJI OJJ;HBaKOBYID TOJIID;HHy no BceH mDpHHe"B JJ;JlBHe, Be06xoJJ;DMO, no-
MHMO Bcero OCTaJlLBOrO, npaBBJILHOe paBBOMepBoe DBTaHlle sasopOB pesBHoii.
ROJle6aHHe KOJlHqeCTBa pesDBoBoH CMeCD B sasope npDBOAHT R BSMeBeBDID pacnop-
Kycu/lume.RIII Horo YCHJIWI, a 8TO, B CBOID OqepeJJ;L, BeJJ;eT R HSMeHeHHID
TOJIID;HHLI BLlnYCKaeMoro JIBCTa.
,D;JlH pacnpe,neJIeBHB JleBTY no sasopy 06L1qHO npD-
, 2 MeHHeTCH KaqaIOID;HiicB MaBTHHKOBYH nllTaTeJlL, T. e.
I \ qaCTL TpaHcnopTepa, MorYID;aB OpOIlSBOABTL nocTynaTeJlL-
I I BO-BOSBpaTBye JJ;BU>KeBWI BJJ;OJIL sasopa. mHpDHa JleHTY,
i ii \i 1 no.......oi. ",op. p""""""".....,a Bex..a B8 no-
o · TpOO..TO .OJJ......... jIeOlIIW. .""".11)' .p....BH. 'I...
6L1CTpee pa60TaeT RaJlaBJJ;p, TeM 66J1LmYID mHpDHY
. JJ;OJlmHa HMeTL cpesaeMaB C BaJlL:O;OB JleBTa. B BeKOTO-
pYX CJIyqaHx ROJlll1leCTBO pesBHLI oopeJJ;eJlHIDT no Macce,
JJ;JlB qero nHTaID YIO JIeBTY nponYCKaIOT qepes BeCLI He-
npepYBBOrO BSBemBBIUUIB.
CTpeJIKII. ,D;JIH TOro qro6L1 orpaBuqHTL pacnpe,neJle-
De peSDHOBOH CMeCB no BaJlKY KaJIa pa, npHMeHBIDTCH
CTpeJlKD. CTpeJIKB JJ;OJlmBLI nJlOTBO npDJIeraTL K BaJlKY,
JlJI 8Toro Top:o;eBaH nOBepXBOCTL CTpeJlRB JJ;OJlmHa 6YTL
06pa60TaHa U TID;aTeJlLBO nOJJ;oruaHa K nOBepXHOCTD BaJlROB. npDJIeraIDID;aB R BaJlKaM
nOBepXHOCTL CTpeJlKH Be JJ;OJlmBa D;apanaTL BaJIKH, n03ToMyee AeJlaIDT DS aJIIDMHHHB,
TeKCTOJlBTa DJID JJ;epeBa. ,D;JlH MexaBHsaD;BB nepeJJ;BDmeHIIH CTpeJlOK no JJ;JlHHe sasopa
Ba pHJJ;e KaJIa pOB npHMeHBeTCB CneO;HaJILHLlB: BDBTOBOB: nepeJJ;BHmBOB MeXaHBSM.
B KPynHLlx KaJIaHJJ;pax, pa60TaIDID;HX C 60JILmOH TOqBOCTbID, npHMeHBIOTCB CTpeJIKH
npmRBMaeMye K BaJlKaM CDJJoi JJ;O 1,0-2,,5 KH JJ;eHcTBBeM DHeBMOD;HJIDHJJ;POB" a npD-
JleraHDe K nOBepXHOCTD BaJiKa perYJlDPyeTcH BSMeBeBDeM B BmeHDH npymHHLl.
HOiRD JJ;JlH 06pesaBDB KpOMOK II BYpeSaBIDI nOJloc peSHHY HMeIOT paSJIII1IBYID
IWHCTPYI( H 06YQHO KpenBTCH R mTaBre oJ YCTaHoBJleBBoH Ba CTaBHHax KaJlaHJJ;pa.
HO>I>D BLlnOJlBBIDTCH KaK POJIBlWBOrO, TaR D CKOJlLSHID;ero THDa. TBepJJ;OCTL Homa
no illopy nocJle SaKaJlKU paBBa 74-75. HBor a BomB eJlaIDTCH C 8J1eKTp0060rpe-
nOM JJ;0 200°C. RPOMKH peSIIBLI, 06pesaeMLle Ba BaJlKe RaJIaB pa UJID sa RaJlaHJJ;-
POM, JJ;OJlmHY BOSBpaID;aTbCB Ha nOJJ;orpeBaTeJlLHYe BaJlLD;L1 JJ;JIH nepepa60TKD.
ECJID He Tpe6YeTCH, qT06L1 BLlnYCKaeMye JlDCTLI BMeJlB rJl KYIO nOBepXHOCTL, TO
I\pOMKD MoryT HanpaBJlHTLCH npJDrlo B sasop. OT60p KpOMOK npoDsBoJJ;HTCB OpH
nOMoID;ll BaJlBKOB, CKOpOCTL BpaID;eBHB KOTOpyX Ha 6-8%I60JlLme, qeM CKOpOCTL
BaJlKOB KaJlaH,!l;pa.
PBC. 6.23. TOJJID;IUIOHep
O'I'pame8Boro TBII8:
1 - BCTOQRIIK lI8JIyqeBBJI;
B - BOBB3al1BOBBall KaMepa;
,_ - OCT peaBBIII; 4 - BMOK
lWIaRJIpa.
6.6. nPHcnOC06nEHHJI K KAnAHAPY
!\a;1\JJ;YH KaJI8HJJ;p JJ;OJImeH 6L1TL npHcnoc06J1eB K oopeJJ;eJleHHOMY BRAY BynOJI-
HHeMYX pa60T (HMeTL cooTBeTcTBYIDID;yIO OCBaCTKY) II K pa60Te B arperaTe C PHJJ;OM
MamBH H npHcnoc06J1eBHii, 06eCneqHBaIDID;Bx HaH60Jlee npoD8BOAHTeJlLHyID ero
pa60TY,
198
ODucaHDe 8rper8THLlX YCTaBOBOK JJ;aeTCB B COOTBeTCTBYIDID;UX rJl8B8X KBUrD,
IlOCBHDJ;eHHLlX 060PYJJ;OBaHUID JIH npOHSBOJJ;CTBa TeX UJIU UHYX Ds,neJIuii. B 3TOH
rJlaBe AaeTCB OnUCaHUe npDcnoc06J1eHUH, nOCTaBJlHeMYX BMeCTe C K8J1aH,npOM,
H BYnYCK8eMOrO opOMLlmJleBSOCTLID CTaSJJ;apTHOrO 060PYJJ;OBaUB, ROTOpOe Tpe-
6yeTcH JJB UCOOJlLSOB8BUH R8JI8HJJ;POB B arperaTaX. BOJIbmaH q8CTL K8JI8HJJ;POB
cHa6maeTCH paCKaTOqHLlMH II a8K8TOqHLlMD npDcnoc06JJeHUHMH, RpenllDJ;HMUCB
8 7
Pac. 6.24. ABTOM8TB'lecKoe
YCTpOiiCTBO Ans mBpeBJIS
KOPAa:
1 - B3Mepmem. mRpRIIH KOPAa;
2 - DOBOpOTRaJl DlBPIlTeJlbllIUI
lIyJ'a; 8 - BURR RUaBJQ)a;
4 - mapBllpIll; IS - R8'I'}'IIDUI
IIBJ1YRIVIORBoro MoOTa; 6 - DBa-
JfoperYmJ'1'Op; 'I - peaJR'l'OP;
8 - tBJIbTP; 9 - AeMlltBPY-
IOlI{ee yCTpOICTBO.
K CTaHBHaM KaJlaHJJ;pa. OHD npeJJ;CT8BJ1HIDT C060H 08TpOHLI, YKpenJJeHHLle Ba KPOB-
mTeHHax.
,D;JlB JJ;y6JIUpOBaHUH D 06KJI8AKD TKaHD peSUHOH KaJIaHJJ;pLl UBorJJ;a cBa6ma-
mCH npeCCOBOqBYMD BaJlBKaMD. npaKTUKa nOK8SaJla, qTO H8UJIyqmuii peSYJlLTaT
,naIOT B8 UKU, npumUMaeMLle MeXaBH"IeCKU BUHTOM qepes npymBHY. OJJ;BaKO pHon
UpM OpBMeBBeT JJ;JIB npUmaTllB npeCCOBoqBOrO BaJIBKa nBeBMOD;DJlBHJJ;PLl. npec-
COBO'qHLle B8JIUKU JJ;eJIaIOT JJ;DaMeTpOM 200-250 MM. tlT06L1 06eCneqUTL npaBUJILHOe
HanpaBJIeHUe TKaHU B K8JIaHJJ;p H US KaJl8H,npa, npUMeBBIDTCH H8npaBJlHIDID;He
BaJIUKU. .I\JIH UX KpenJIeHUB R8JIaBJJ;pY cHa6maIDTCH cneD;UaJlLHLlMU peHK8MD,
BMeIDID;UMB OTBepCTHB Ha paSJlUqBOH BLlCOTe. PeHKU YKpenJiBIDTCH Ba CTaBHHax
no 06eHM CTopOHaM B8J1KOB. B cJlyqae Beo6xoJJ;UMOCTU BaJJUK YlCpenJiHIOT B peHKax
Ba BY)l\BOH BLlCOTe.
199
.I\JlH RaJlaHAPOB, Ha KOTOpLlX npODSBOJJ;UTCH 06peSDBUBaHUe TKaHD, .0qeBL
BamBO UMeTL npDcnoc06JIeHUH JJ;JIH paCnpaBJIeBDJI CKJla,nOK Ba nOJlOTBe TKaBH II
COOTBeTCTBYIOID;ero HaTHmeHUH ee nepeJJ; oocTynJleBDeM B sa Sop KaJlaHJJ;pa, 00-
3TOItIy npOMaS01JHYe U 06RJIaJJ;0qD:L1e RaJIaBJJ;pY 060PYJJ;YIOTCB mUpHTeJILHLlMH
YCTpoicTBaMII. B KaqeCTBe mUplITeJlLBYX YCTPOHCTB npUMeHHIDT mDplITeJILHye
,nUCKU U BaJIUKH C HapeSKOH, paSJJ;BDmHYe BaJl1lRD, mDpllTeJlLBLle JJ;yrD,' mUpIITeJIL-
HLie ,nyru C ru6KOH OCLIO U KOBYCBLle BaJIHKU.
.I\yru HBJIHIDTCH Hau60JIee nepcneKTHBHLlMB mDpDTeJlHMU. OBD MoryT 6L1TL
IICnOJlLSOBaBLI JJ;JIH aBTOMaTUqeCKOrO mllpeHHJI TKaHD JJ;O saJJ;aBBOH IDIIpUBY.
npll aBTOMaTII'IeCKOM mHpeBHD npll nOMOID;1l JJ;yrD C nOCTOHBHOH KpHBUSBOH npB-
MeHJlIOT nOBopOTHlde JJ;ym. Ha pDC. 6.24 nOKasaBa cxeMa aBTOMaTH"IeCKOrO mllpe-
BBH KopJJ;a npD OOMOID;H nOBopoTBOH AYrD. npD IISMeBeHDD mDpHHLI TKaBD DSMe-
HHeTCH nOJlOmeHDe cep,neqHlIKa KaTymRD HHAyRD;DOHBoro Mocn. B 9TO BpeMJI
BTopaH KaTymKa nepeMeID;aeTCB, BosJJ;eicTBYB Ha DHeBMoperyJlBTOp, KOTOpLlH
qepes MeM6paBHYH KJIanaB D CUCTeMY mapBHpOB nOBOpa1JUBaeT JJ;yry B COOTBeTCT-
ByIOID;ee OOJlOmeHDe, YBeJlH"lUBaH BJlD YMeHLmaB CTeneHL pacmupeHIIH TRaHD.
npUMeHHJI JJ;yry C ru6Koi OCLIO, MomHO MeHHTL KPDBUSHY JJ;yrD sa CqeT DSMe-
BeBIDI HsrH6a OCD. TaKaB AYra oco6eBHO npDrOJJ;Ha B mDBBOM npOUSBOJJ;CTBe, TaR
KaK OOSBOJlHeT perYJIHpOBaTL Be TOJlbRO mupHHY TRaHD, HO TaKme nJlOTHOCTL
OCBOBY nOJlOTBa Kop,na nyreM BSMeBeBBH RpUBUSHY OCD JJ;yrD. npD 3TOM OCL BMeeT
66J1LmyIO RPHBDSBY Be B cepeJJ;UBe, a 00 RpaHM AYrD, qeM ,nOCTDraeTCH yCTpaHe-
Hue paSBUD;bI B nJlOTHOCTH HDTeH no KpaJlM D B CpeJJ;BeH qaCTD nOJlOTHa KopJJ;a. BTa
JJ;yra nOSBOJIHeT nOJIyqaTL nOJIOTBO RopJJ;a nocJle 06peSDBDBaBDH C OJJ;BOPOJJ;HOH
nJlOTHOCTLID no BceH mDpUBe OOJIOTHa.
6.7. npOH3BOAHTEnbHOCTb KAnAHAPOB
npODSBoJJ;uTeJlLHOCTL RaJlaHJJ;poB SaBDCJIT OT JJ;BYX aKTopoB: 1) CKOpOCTD
RaJlaBJJ;poBaHIDI, npHBHMaeMOH paBHoH oKpymHoH CROpOCTH BaJlKa, v = nDn (rJJ;e
D - ,nuaMeTp BaJlKa, M, n - qaCTOTa Bp8lD;eBBH, 06/MDB); 2) TeXHUqeCKD Hells6em-
BLIX nOTepL BpeMeHD.
Ha CROpOCTL pa60TLI KaJIaHJJ;pOB, B CBOID OqepeJJ;L, BJIUJlIOT CJIe,nYIOID;ue YCJIO-
BUH: BUA 06pa6aTYBaeMOro MaTepUaJla (pesuHoBoe nOJIOTBO paSJIH"IHOH TOJlID;HHLI,
TKaHL U T. n.); TDn 06pa60TRD (JlIICTOBaHDe, npOMaSRa, 06KJlaJJ;Ka); Tpe60BaBHH,
npeJJ;'bHBJlJleMLle K oOJIy a6pDKaTaM (xapaKTep nOBepXBOCTD, MHrKOCTL, TOqHOCTL
paSMepOB D T. n.); opraBlIsaD;BH pa60TY Ha KaJlaH,npe (ooJJ;aqa MaTepBaJla B Ka-
JI.aBJJ;P, oT60p D saKaTKa nOJly a6pHKaTOB). $aKTopOM, JIHMJlTDPYIOID;UM CROpOCTL
nOJlyqeBBJI nptPORDX JlUCTOB Ha 60JlLmUX KaJIaHJJ;pax, JlBJlHeTCJI ROJlllqeCTBO nOJJ;o-
rpeBaTeJILBYX BaJlLD;OB. Y CTaHaBJlDBaTL 60Jlee qeTLlpeX no,norpeBaTeJlLHblX BaJlL-
D;OB Ba KaJlaHJJ;p Be peROMeHJJ;yeTCH. B cJIyqae, Kor,na Tpe6yeTcH 60JIee DHTeBCDB-
HYH nOJJ;orpeB, Beo6xoABMO npHMeBBTL ,npyrDe cnoc06L1 nOJJ;orpeBa peSUHY D
nUTaHDH KaJIaH,!J.pa - OT 60JlLmUX qepBJllIHldX npeCCOB, pesDBocMeCUTeJleH, npJl-
Mble nOTOKH OT pesHHocMeCUTeJleii D T. n.
Ha COBpeMeBHLlX 6L1CTPOXOJJ;HLlX KaJlaBJJ;pax MomHO BynycKaTb nOJI'Y a6pll-
KaTLI co CKOpOCTJlMII: npD JIDCTOBaHIIJI - JJ;O 60-70 M/MBH, npOMaSKe - JJ;Q
60 M/MUB U JJ;BYXCTopoHHeH 06KJla,nKe - JJ;O 80-90 M/MHB.
npOUSBo,nuTeJlLHOCTL KaJlaHJJ;pa Q (B M/q) onpeJJ;eJIJlIDT no opMYJIe
Q=6OvK
rAe /) - OKpymBaJI CKOpOCTI> BaJJKa, H/MB; K - KoaiiBll,BeBT BCDOBi>SOBaBBJI HaIlDlllBOrO
Bpelle&B KaJIallApa (06L1'D1o K = 0,8-0,9).
npOUSBOJJ;DTeJILHOCTL KaJlaBJJ;pa, BypameBHYIO B Kr/q, MomHO onpeJJ;eJIUTL
no pMYJIe
Q=6OvKhbyp
200
rAe 11 - OKpymBlUt CKOpOCTi> BUKa, M/MBB; K - KOa4ij)
eBT BCDOJIi>30BaBBJI va 1llRA1l oro
BpeMeBB (06L1'111o K = 0,8 + 0,9); h - TOJIIII,BBa neBTLI BLIDycKaeMoro MaTepBana, AM; b-
ompBBa J1euTLI BHDycKaeMOrO MaTepBana, AM; Y - DJIOTBOCTi> pesHBoBoi CMeCB, Kr/M 8 ; p -
Ko
eBT ODepemeBBJI (p = 1,t).
6.8. BCnoMorATEnbHoE 060PYAOBAHHE
AnR KAnAHAPoB
6.8.1. 060PYAoBaHMe Ami nOAroToBKM TKaHM
K KanaHAPosaHHIO
AnH OOJJ;rOTOBKB TKaBB K 06pa60TKe ee Ha KaJIaHJJ;pax npHMeHBIDTCR cJleAY
lOID;He MamuBLI.
MaWHBLI JJ;U CDIBBaUBH TKaHB B IC)'CKII oonLmoB AJJBIIY. nocTynaIDID;ytO
B pYJIOHaX TKaBL cmHBaIDT B JleHTy 60JILmOH JJ;nDBY JJ;O 4000-6000.M, JJ;JlB 06ecoe-
qeHHB pa60TLI KanaHApa 6es OCTaHOBa B TeqeHHe 1-2 q npu CKOpOCTB 60-70 M/MBR.
TOBKHe TRaHB cmBBalOTCB BBaXJIeCTKY, THmenye - BCTYK. Bo Hs6emaHHe SBa-
- qHTeJILHOrO YTonID;eBUB CTLlKa Ba Bero HaDIBBaIDT nOJIOCKH BS JJ;PyroH, 60Jlee TOH-
KOH TKaBB HJIU TKaBL cmUBaIDT Ha mBeiiBoH MamDBe sBrsaro06pasBLlM mBOM.
CTLlJCOBoqawe ByJIICaBII
ollllltle DpecCLI. B nOCJIeJJ;Bue roJJ;Y B IIIBBHOH npo-
MLlmneBHOCTH U npOMLImJIeHHOCTU PTH JJ;JIB coe,nHHeBBH KOBD;OB TKaHH B BeopepLlB-
HYlO neHTY npHMeBBIDTCH cnen;uanLBLle CTYKOBOqBLle ByJIKaBHsaII,DOBBLle npeCCLI,
coe,nBBBIDID;ue KOHD;Y TKaBB nyTeM BYJIKaBHSa
CTLlKa BHaxnecTRY C npOKJla,n-
KOH HJIH BCTLIK C BaKJIaJJ;KoH Cne1l,DaJILBOH pesBBoBoH Bnu nJiaCTMaCCoBoH JleHTOqKH
mHpHHoH 40-50 MM. ROBCTpyK1I,DH TaKoro opecca
HpMLI «,D;. BpHAm» (ARUUB)
nOKasaHa Ha pHC. 6.25.
CTaBHHa 1 npecca BYDOnHeBa cBapBoH BS npOKaTa. npecc BMeeT ABe BarpeBa-
TeJlLHLle nJIHTLI 5 H 6, MemJJ;y KOTOpYMB aamBMaroTcH cmKyeMLle KO
LI TKaHU
H npOBCXOJJ;BT BYJlKaHHsan;BB CTYKa (B TeqeHHe 20-40 c). 06e onHm BynOJIHeBY
HS aJIIDMHBUeBoro 'nHTLB, H B BBX SaJIOmeBO no qeTLlpe 3neKTpOHarpeBaTeJILBLlX
3J1eMeBTa, BS KOTOpLlX TpU pa60TaIDT, a OJJ;HB HaXOJJ;HTCB B pesepBe. HanpBmeHHe
paBBO 220 B, MOID;HOCTL OJJ;Horo aneMeHTa 224,7 BT, MaKCBManLHaB TeMIIepaTypa
HarpeBa nJlHTLI 260°C. BepxBHB nJlBTa 6 HenOJJ;BBmBO saKpenneBa B CTaBBHe
npecca, HHmHHH nJIHTa 5 MOmeT no,nHBMaTLCB nOJJ; JJ;eHCTBBeM rHAPO
mIBAPoB 2.
TOJIID;HBa nJlHT 90 MM, pasMepLl B nnaue 1753 X 252 MM.
. Ropnyc rHJJ;pOD;HJIHHJJ;POB BLlnOJIBeB BS CTaJIH, XOJJ; oJIyamepa 152 MM, JJ;Ba-
MeTp nnYHmePa 203 MM. Ha KOHn;ax OOABBmBOB nJlBTLI HMeIDTCB sy6qaTLIe penu
10, BaXOJJ;HID;HeCH B san;eOneHD1I C sy6qaTLlMU KonecaMB Ba BLlpaBHHBaroID;eM
BaJIHKe 9. CKOpOCTL ,nBHmeDB nOJJ;BHmBoH nnBTLI npB nOJJ;'beMe 25,6 MM/c, a npH
onYCKaHHU 51,2 MM/c. npecc paCC1IHTaH Ba npOJJ;OJImHTeJlLBOCTL D;Hlma OT 10 C
,no 5 MDB U 06eCneqHBaeT HenpepLlBBylO pa60TY KaJIaBJJ;pa OpH CKOpOCTH AO
80 M/MDB B eMKOCTH KOMneBcaTopa sa npeCCOM 200 M. B CJIyqae pa60TLI KaJlaHJJ;pOB
Ha ManyX CKOpOCTBX npBMeBHIOTCH KOMneHcaTopLl MeBLmeH eMKOCTB.
npecc nYCKaeTCH BamaTBeM OJJ;BOBpeMeBHO qeTLlpeX RHOnOK (1ITo6L1 B n;eJIBX
6esonaCBOCTB 6L1nH saBHTLI PyKH JJ;BYX pa60qHX, 06CJIymBBaIDID;BX npecc). OB npu-
BOJJ;HTCB B JJ;eBcTBHe OT oTJJ;eJILBOH rHJJ;paBJIH"leCKOH YCTaBOBKB, DMeIDID;eH ABe CTY-
neHH JJ;aBJIeBIDI: 0-1 MDa (nepBaB CTyneBL) B 1-10 MDa (BTOpaJl cTyneBL).
MOID;HOCTL aneKTpoJJ;BBraTenH BaCOCHoro arperaTa 15 KBT, qaCTOTa BpaID;eHHH
1500 06/MBB. Hacoc BBSKoro JJ;aBneHHH nOJJ;aeT Mac.n:o B II,DnBBJJ;pLl II B V npecca
JJ;nH OOJJ;'beMa nnHTId'; Bacoc BblCOKoro JJ;aBJIeHHH - B
JIBBAPY I, III, IV, VI
JJ;JIB cos,naBBH YCHnUH npeccoBaBHB. npB aTOM Bacoc HBSKoro JJ;aBJleBHB aBTOMaTH-
qeCKH OTKJllOqaerCH. no OKOHqaBHB opeccoBauBH Bacoc BHSKoro JJ;aBneBHB nOJJ;aeT
MaCJIO B BepXHue nOJIOCTU II,DJIHBJJ;pa II B V, U nnBTa HaqDBaeT onycKaTLcB. Hacoc
B L1COKOrO JJ;aBneBBB OTKJlIDqaerCH aBTOMaTHqeCKH.
201
2057
71lQ4
a
PBC. 6.25. npecc AJIJI
CI - CXeMa ycTpOlCTBa; (I - o(l Bq; 1 - CTaBIJIIa; , -l'BJUIoqunuqp; 8- DOA'lteMHIUI TpaBepca;
sarpeDaTe.JlltHY8 enelleBTY; 9 - BypaaBIIBalO BaJllJJC c mecrepllRllu; 10 - pelKa; 11 - PomrK,
1IJ1O; 14 - ODopRaR MaRKai
,D;J1J1 06eCOeqeHHH HenpepLlBHOH pa60TY KaJlaBApa nepeJJ; CTLll(OBOqHYM npec-
COM YCTaHaBJlUBaeTCH paCKaTOqHaH CTOHKa Ba JJ;Ba pyJloBa TRaBU C TOpMOSHLlMH
YCTPOHCTBaMU. OJJ;HH PYJIOB BaXOJJ;HTCJI B pa60Te, pyroH - B sanace. 3a opec-
COM yCTaBaBJlHBaIDTCH npOTJlrBBaIDID;Be BaJILD;L1 H neTJleBOH KOMOeBCaTOp. npOTH-
rHBaIDID;Ue BaJILD;bI SamHMaIDT TKaBL B npo ecce pa60TbI npecca, U B 3TO BpeMJI
KaJIaBJJ;p pa60TaeT C BOpMaJiLHOH CKOpOCTLIO sa CqeT sanaca TKaHU B ROMneHcaTope.
no OKOHqaHBH CTblKOBRU TKaHU npOTJlrUBaIDID;ue BaJiKU BKJlIDqaIDTCH B pa60TY
II C nOBbImeHHOB CKOpOCTLID SanOJIHJlIDT KOMneBcaTOp JJ;O HOpMaJiLHOrO sanaca.
npOTHrHBaIOID;He BaJILD;Y BMeIDT f8KCHMaJiLHYID CKOpOCTL nOJJ;aqu TKaHH JJ;O
140 M!MUH.
MawHHLI JJ;JIJI CYWRB TKaUB. TKaBL nepeJJ; I\aJlaHJJ;pOBaHHeM npocymBBaeTcH
;AO BJIa>KHOCTU Be 60Jlee 2,5% B HarpeBaeTCJI ,no TeMnepaTypLl 70-80 °C. ,D;JJH
CymRH TKaHH npBMeBHIDT 6apa6aHBLle cymUJIKH. CymBJlKB, KaK npaBBJlO, YCTa-
BaBJIBBaIDT B arperaTe C KaJlaBJJ;paMH, TaK KaK eJIec006pasHo, qTo6L1 npocymeHHaJl
TRaHL cpasy >I_e nocTynaJla B KaJlaHJJ;p, npemJJ;e qeM OBa YBJIamBUTCH JJ;O paBHOBec-
HOH BJIamBOCTU. npu YCTaHOBKe cymuJloK OTJJ;eJlLBO OT KaJlaHJJ;pa peKO-
MeHJJ;yeTcH XpaBHTL opocymeHHYID TKaBL nepeJJ; KaJIaBJJ;pOBaBBeM B CyXOM Tep-
MOCTaTe UJIB B Cne BaJILBLlX qeXJIax.
202
11
7092
Hanpa8.neHue
d8liJfClHUR /ffameplia./lD.
--'-
73
CTLlJ<OBKB K0811,0B THUB:
4, 'I - B30JJJll\llOBBYP. DPOKB8JlKB; S. /I - BIDfIB1IR R BepXB1IR HarpeaaTenltBllle IIJIIITY; 8 - WleK'l'pG-
DOAAeplKBBalOlquit TRaB&; 1B - HalKBMHoit pOJlllJl; 18 - pOnBK AJiR DPOTlI1'IIBaHIIJI MaTeplUUla BPY'!-
I-IV - eM. TeKCT.
B SaBBCBMOCTH OT CKOpOCTU BLlXOJJ;a JIBCTa BS RaJIaHJJ;pa npHMeHHIDT cymBJlKu
C 5
8 B 24 cymBJlLHLlMU 6apa6aBaMB. B CCCP BLlnYCRaIDTCJI CymUJlKU nJlTB6apa-
6aHBLle ropUSOBTaJlLHLle HPO-2330 C 6apa6aHoM AHaMeTpOM 1889 MM (mBpBBa
06pa6aTLlBaeMoH TKaBU 1520 MM). CKOpOCTL opoxomJJ;eBBH TKaBU 6-12 M!MPfB..
BepTUKaJIbHaJl BocLMu6apa6aHBaJl cymBJIKa 131-1 nORasaHa Ha pBC. 6.26.
,D;uaMeTp 6apa6aBa 570 MM, JJ;JlBBa 1800 MM, JJ;onYCTHMOe JJ;aBJleBBe napa B 6apa-
6aHax 0,25 Mlla. MamBHa cBa6meHa BHJJ;BBBJJ;yaJlLBLlM npBBOJJ;OM OT 3JIeKTpOJJ;BB-
raTeJlH nOCTOHBHoro TOBa D-52 MOJD;HOCTbIO 7,2 KBT, o6ecoe1UlBaIOID;ero perYJIH-
pyeMYID CKOpOCTL 6apa6aBoB B npeJJ;eJlax 13--55 M/MDB.
CymHJIKa cHa6meBa TaKme mUpHTeJILBLlMH pOJIHKaMH U SaKaTOqllLDl opBcno-
C06JIeHueM. npH yCTaHoBKe CymBJlKH B arperaTe C KaJlaBJJ;pOM cymKa npOBCXOABT
co CKOpOCTLID 30 M/MBB. npH 3TOM BpaID;eBBe 6apa6aDoB OC
eCTBJlHeTCJI sa CqeT
THByID;UX YCUJlBH KaJlaBJJ;pa. ,D;BaJJ;D;aTBqeTLlpex6apa6aBBaJl BepTBKaJlLDaJl cy-
mBJlKa BMeeT BBADBBAYaJlLHLlH npBBO,n U MomeT pa60TaTL OTJJ;eJlLBO OT Ka-
JlaHJJ;pa.
nOJILSYHCL YKaSaHBYMU 6apa6aHBLIMB cymBJIKaMB, MomBO KOMnJIeKTOBaTL
YCTaHOBKH B paSJlBqHbIX BapuaBTax C De06xoJJ;BMLIM ROJIH"leCTBOM 6apa6aBoB.
YCTaHaBJlBBaH Beo6xoJJ;HMoe KOJIH"leCTBO ceR
UJIB CBBMaJl UX.
203
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OXna>KAeHMR TKaHM M peSMHbI
,D;JlH Toro qT06L1 yMeBLmBTL onaCBOCTL npem,neBpeMeHHoH ByJIKaBBSaD;JDI pe-
SBHLI B npopesHHeHHoH TKaBH B OpBJIBOaBBe ee K npOKJI8AKe, npHMeBHeTCII OXJIa-
m,neBBe (TKaHL nponYCKaeTCH qepes XOJIo,nBJILBYe 6apa6aBLI, OXJIaABTeJILBYe
BaBBLI HJIB o6pLlSrHBaeTCH BO,nOH).
B OTeqeCTBeBBOH npOMLlmJleBBOCTB BLlnycKaIOTcH CJIeAyIOID,He CTaH,napTBYe
OXJIa,nUTeJILHLle yCTaBOBKB: rOpBSOHTaJILBaH, COCTomu;aH BS qeTYpex XOJIOp,mIL-
BLIX 6apa6aBoB (IIPO-1560), B BepTBKaJILBLle, BKJIIDqaIDID;Be meCTL uu BoceML
XOJIOADJILBLIX 6apa6aBoB (IIPO-o932 BJIB IIPO-1580). 3m yCTaBoBKB MOryT OLITL
arperupoBaBY C KaJIaBAPaMH.
ArperaT IIPO-1560 COCTOBT BS qeTLIpex 6apa6aBoB ,nJIBHOH 1800 MM B AHa-
MeTpOM 570 MM. nOBepXBOCTL OXJIamAeBBH OAHoro 6apa6aBa 3,42 M 2 ; OKpymBIUI
CKOpOCTL 6apa6aBoB ,nocmr8eT 20 MJMBB. ,D;JIBHa nyTB TKaBH no 6apa6aBaM 10,8 M.
npBBO,n 6apa6aBOB OC
eCTBJIHeTCH OT KaJIaBApa qepes BapBaTOp. TeMDepaTypa
BOW>I Be BLlme 15°C, ,naBJIeHBe 0,3-0,4 Mna, pacxo,n BOW>I 6 M 3 Jq.
BepTUKaJILBLlH arperaT BS BOCLMB 6apa6aBoB (pBC. 6.27) HMeeT CJIeAYIDID;yID
xapaKTepBCTBKY:
PaSMepLi 6apa6aBa, yy
ABaMeTp .................
JIBBa ................;.
nOBepXBOCTi> OXJIamAeBBJI O
Boro 6apa6aBa, yl
CKOpOCTi> DpOXOmAeSSJl THaBB
epea arperaT, M/II.HB
AJIBBa DyTB. TKaau, Y
BOAa
J1J1 OXJIamAeBBJI yamBBLI
TeyuepaTYPa, 0 C . . . . . .
AaBJIeBBe, Mna . . . . . . .
paCXOA, y8/q . . . . . . . .
MOIII,BOCTb 8JIeKTpOABllraTeJIJI, RBT
730
1810
4.1
7-52
12,5
12-15
. 0,3-0,4
9
13,5
BapaoaH cBa6meB py6aIIIROH, B KOTOPYID no,naeTCH Bo,na BS ROJIJIe
TOpa, pac-
OOJlOmeHHOro BJJ;OJIL CTaBRHLI. npBBO,n 6apa6aBoB OT 9JIeRTp01(BBraTeJIH nOCTOHB-
Horo TOKa. BapaoaHLI JJ;eJIaIDTCH BS MeAD BJIB BepmaBeIOID;eH CTaJIH.
npOMLlmJleHHOCTL BLloycKaeT XOJIOADJILBYe 6apa6aBY B ,npyrBx paSMepOB,
BO B KaqeCTBe COCTaBBOH qaCTB KOMOJIeKTBLlX SaKaTOqBYX arperaTOB. lis CTaBAapT-
HLIX XOJIOJJ;HJlLHLlX arperaTOB MomBO KOMnOHOBaTL YCTaBOBKB C 66JILDIBM KOJIH"le-
CTBOM 6apa6aBOB; MomBO TaKme CHIIMaTL C XOJIO,nBJILBOrO arperaTa qaCTL 6apa-
oaHOB.
6.8.3. 3aKaT04Hble npMcnoc06neHMR
RaJIaBJJ;poBaBBLle MaTepBaJILI nOCJIe OXJIamJJ;eBBH npony,npBBaIOTCH (eCJIB 3TO
,nOOYCTIlMO) BJIB saKaTLlBaIDTCH B OpOKJIaJJ;oqayID TKaBL. 3aKaTLlB3BHe RaJIaB,npo-
BaHHLlX MaTepBaJIOB npOBSBOABTCH Ba Cne
aJILBLlX YCTaBOBKax. rJIaBBOH npo-
6JIeMOH OpB aTOM HBJIHeTCH cos,naBBe paBBOMepBoro BaTHmeBHH MaTepBaJIa, TaR
KaK OpB YBeJIH"Iemm JJ;BaMeTpa pyJIOBa CKOpOCTL ero BOSpaCTaeT B BaTHmeBHe BS-
MeHHeTCH. npHMeBHIDTCH CJIeAyIOID;Be SaKaTOqBYe npBCnOCOOJIeBIUI.
OT60pOqBO-,nYOJIHPOBOqBLlH SaKaTOqBLlH TpaBC-
no p T e p (pBC. 6.28). BXO,nBT B KOMnJIeKT oT60pOqBOrO arperaTa R yBBBepCaJIL-
BOMY KaJIaB,npy. TpaBcnopTep npe,nBaSBaqeB ,nJIH saKaTLlBaHIDI B npORJI3A01lByIO
TKaBL KaJIaB,npOBaBHOH BJIB CAY6JIBpOBaBBoH peSBHLI, BapesaB1UaX YSKBX nOJIOC
peSBBLI B ,nJlH npOBSBo,nC1Ba 6eCKOBeqBOH JIeBTLI BS ,ny6JIBpOBaHHOH peSRHLI npB
BSrOTOBJIeBBB TeXHlI1IeCKOH nJIaCTBHLI. TpaBCnOpTep COCTORT BS 1(Byx napaJIJIeJIL-
BLIX JIeRTOqBLlX TpaBcnopTepOB. BepxBeMY TpaBcnOpTepy ,nBB)I(eBBe nepe,naerCH
205
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ca. cs.....o:r;
OT npRBO,na KaJIaBApa; OB CJIy»tHT ,nJIH SaKaTLlBaBRH peSBHhI. HllmBIIH TpaBcnop-
!fep ABllmeTCH B 06paTByIO eTOPOBY ,nJIH BOSBpaTa peSlIBhI B ny6JIep npll ee ,ny6JIII-
POBaHIDI. B KOBn;e BepXBero TpaBcnopTepa yCTaBOBJIeB peSaTeJILBhlH MexaBIIS..
,AJlII nOnepeqBO:B peSKII TeXBII1IeCKIIX nJIaCTIIB. CKOpOCTL saKaThlBaBIIH MaTepllaJIa
.
....
3100
:}
"
'Pac. 6.29. ¥CTpOACTBO AJlJI 8aKaTRB KOPAa c saKaTO'UloA MaoiBBoA c ABYMJI 606UaHB:
1 - P8CJ<8'J'011J11U1 CTOIR8 C DBeBII8'1'11'1ecKBJI 'YCTPOICTBOM 111m DOA'l>eM8 P'YJlOB8 DpoKJI811:l<B; , - lIRTIIDeTJleaol
KOlIDeBC8'1'Op; 8 - TJUlynnle POJlllKtl; 4- 3aJ<8'1'O'JB1UI M8IDBB8 B8 nBe OoOuaw; 6 - 3J1eKTPO.1lBur8Tem. npBB01(8:
6 - Dpope3aeBIIUI Kopn; 'I - 3J1eICTpOnBBr8TeJlb DpBBona D»OTllrUaalO
ero 'YO'I'polCTB8.
paBRa CKOpOCTII TpaDcnOpTepa, OHa JJ;OJImHa 6h1TL BeCKOJILKO MeBLme eKOpOCTII
KaJlaHJJ;pa (c yqeToM yca,nKII).
3 a KaT 0 q B LI e B 8 JI H R H. BXO,nHT B OT60pOqBLlH arperaT YBIIBepCaJIL-
Boro KaJIaH,npa npH BLlnycKe TeXBllqeCKIIX nJIaCTHH. PYJIOB eB060,nBO JIemllT Ba
BaJlIIKaX, npIlBoJJ;HMLlX BO BpalD;eBlle OT 3JIeKTpoJJ;BllraTeJIH qepes peAYKTop, II Bpa-
ID;aeTcH co eKOpOCTLIO SaKaTOqBOrO BaJIIIKa.
3 a KaT 0 q D hi e C T 0 D K II. B BIIX B8THmeBlle MaTepllaJIa IISMeBHeTCH
nYTeM IISMeBeBIIH CKOpOCTH saKaTLlBaBIUI. CKOpOCTL saKaTLlBaBIUI IISMeBHIDT npll
nOMOID;1I
PIlRD;IIOBHYX yeTPOBCTB IIJIB nyTeM peryJIllpOB8BHH qaCTOThI Bpa
eBIIH
3J1eKTpo,nBllraTeJIeB npllBo,na saKaThlBaIDID;IIX YCTPOBCTB (pile. 6.29).
_218
n 0 A B H 11( B hi e K ape T K H. npopeSHBeBBaH TKaBL MomeT 6h1TL TaRm&
saKaTaBa nOCJIe KaJIaB,npa Ba nOJJ;BHmuyID KapeTKy RTP-2 (pHC. 6.30), Ba KOTOPOB
TKaBL no MOBOpeJILCOBOH JJ;opore JJ;OCTaBJIHeTCH Ba paCK poD: K peSaTeJILBLlM MamH-
Bal.I. RapeTKa HMeeT JJ;Be 606BHLI. HBiKBHH cJlymHT JJ;JIH saKaTLlBaDHH npopeSH-
--
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1880
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I- 2920
y
...
375
PBC. 6.30. KapeTKa KTP-2 AJIJI saKamD D TpaBCDOpTBpOBKB npOPe3DBeBBOB: TKaBD:
1 - pallia; 2 - 1I06BBa ,ttJIII THalIa; 3 - 6060Ba AM DpoKJIa,ttJ<1l; 4 - 1I0BOPeJlbC; 5 - DepeABBlKBaR Hap8TKa
.
6 - DO,ttBeCHa.
HeBBOH TKaBH BMeCTe C npOKJIa,D,Koi (MaltCHMaJiLULlii JJ;HaMeTp pyJIOHa TKaBH C npo-
ItJIaJJ;KOH 1200 MM), a BepXHHH - JJ;JlH BaMOTKH npOKJIaJJ;KH npH paCKaTh1BaBHH
npopesUHeHBoH TKaHH C KapeTKH. MaKCHMaJIbHLlD: ,nHaMeTp pyJIOHa npOKJlaJJ;KH
900 MM. ,D;HaMeTp 606BHY 215 MltI, ,nJlHHa 1680 MM. npHBOJJ; 606UH npH Ha-
MOTKe ocym,eCTBJIHeTCH OT 3.lleKTpOJJ;BllraTeJlH KaJIaBJJ;pa. PaCKaTKa TKaBH C Ka-
peTKH H HaMOTKa nycToii npOKJlaJJ;KH Ba BepxBIOID 606UHY npOHsBOJJ;HTCH Ha
CneD;HaJlLHbIX paCKaTOqHLlX CTaHKax PT-2 H 3T-2 sa npeJJ;eJIaMH SOHhI Ka-
JIaBJJ;pa.
6.8.4. YCTpoticTBa Ami onYAPMBaHMfI pesMHbI
OnYJJ;pHBaBHe pesHB npoHsBoJJ;BTCH CYXHM HJIH ltIOKpLlM cnoc060M. OnYJJ;puBa-
IOm,ue BeID;eCTBa JJ;JIH cyxoro onYJJ;pBsaHHH JJ;OJImHLI 6L1Tb xopomo npocymeHLI.
npHMeHHIOTcH YCTpoHcTBa JJ;JlH onYJJ;pHBaHHH paSJIHqHLTX KOHCTPYKD;uii. Bce OBB.
14. 211.
ia
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,nOJImBLI BHeTL 6yaKep JJ;JIH nopomKOB B YCTPOHCTBO, ,neHCTBYIDID;ee 00 npBB
Y
npoceOBaHHH BJIB paCnLIJIeBHH. HBor,na yCTaBaBJIBBalOTCH lD;eTKB AJIH CBHTBJI US-
6L1TKa oopOIIIRa.
Ha pBC. 6.31 nOKasaBa yCTaBoBKa ,nJIH ooy,npBBaHHH JIBCTOBOH pes:mm:. OBa
COCTOBT BS 6yaKepa, BBYTPB KOToporo BpaID;aIDTCH BOpOmHTeJIB, 6apa6aHa C npo-
peSHMD: B BpalD;aIDlD;eHCH ID;eTKB. Pa60QaH eMKOCTL 6yaKepa 0,3 M 8 , oKpymBaH
CKOpOCTL 6apa6aBa 9,68 M/HBB, oKpymBaH CKOpOCTL ID;eTKB 28,23 M/MJlIB.. HaBece-
BBe BSOJIBpyIOID;ero CJIOH B Bup;e cycneBSmI npOBSBo,nBTCH nponycKaBHeM JIBCTO-
Boi pesHBLI qepes BaHHY C cycneBsBeH. no BLlXOJJ;e BS BaHHLI pesoa 06,nYBaeTcH
BOSAYXOM.
Ha pBC. 6.32 OOKasaBa yCTaHoBKa JJ;JIH BaBeceBBH Ba TKaBL BOAHOH cycoeB-
311B KAOJIBBa. ,D;JIH OOYJJ;pBBaBIDI npBMeBHeTCH cycoeBsIDI KOBn;eBTp
eH 5-
10%. Pa60qHii 06'LeH BaBHLI 0,36 M 8 . BpeMH Ope6L1BaHBH pesoLl B BaHHe COCTa-
BJiHeT 2 c. 06,nYBaBHe npOHSBo,nHTCH cmaTLlM BOSJJ;YXOH no,n JJ;aBJIeBHeM 0,25 Mna
IIPB 80 °C. Pacxo,n Bos,nyxa 10 M 8 /q. BaBBa cBa6meBa MemaJIKOH, BpalD;alOlD;eHcH
.:::.-
1 5
1330
PRC. 6.32. Y'CTaBOBKa
JIJI BaJleceBBJI 8MYJIi>CRB Ba THalli>:
J - BaHlla; Z - ClapaGaaw; 8 - BaTII1RBOI POJDIR; 4 - MemanRa; 6 - 8neKTPOJPBl'aTenlt MemaDICB; , - man.
C qaCTOTOH 50 06/MBB. C TOqKB speBIDI rBrBeBLI MOKpoe npony,npBBaBBe BMee
npeHMym;eCTBO oepe,n CYXHM.
B nOCJIeJJ;Bee BpeMH sa rpaHBn;eH BaqaJIB npHMeBHTL ony,npBBaBBe B 9JIeKTpB-
qeCKOM nOJIe (ony,npBBalOID;Hii MaTepBaJI H ooy,npBBaeMoe nOJIOTBO BecyT SapH
L1
npOTBBOOOJIOmBOrO SBaKa).
rJlABA7
KnEEnpOMA30LJHbiE MAWHHbl
npB KaJIaBJJ;pOBaHBB Ha TKaBB 06paSYIDTCH OTBOCBTeJILBO TOJICTLIe peSBBO-
BLle OJIeBKB (120-130 rIM'). TOBKHe COJIOmBLle pe3UBOBLle OJIeBKB npB npOMaSLI-
BaBBB TKaBB Ba KaJIaHJJ;pe nOJIyqBTL Be y,naeTCH. ,D;JIH BaBeceBBH TOBKBX CJIoeo.
peSHHOBOD CMeCB Ba TKaBL npBMeBHIDTCH KJIeeOpOMaSOqBLle MamBBLI (mnpeAHBr-
MamHHLI). PeSBBOBaH CMeCL HaBOCBTCH B B:u,u;e paCTBopa B 6eBSBRe (KJIeH). Ha
mopenuBr-MamBBe MOiRHO BaRJl8ALlBaTL OqeBL TOBKue CJIOB pesHHLI - ,no 10 rIM'.
TRaBL OOKpYBaIDT peSBBOBYM KJIeeM C OJJ;BOH BJIB C JJ;BYX CTOpOB; saTeM ee
OpOOYCKaIDT qepes MamHHY BeCKOJILKO pas B saBUCBMOCTB OT Tpe6yeMoH TOJIID;IIHLI
BJIeBKB'. qBCJIO npOXOJJ;OB TKaBB qepes MamBRY, a CJIe,nOBaTeJILBO, B qBCJIO BaKJIa-
)\L1BaeMLlX CJIOeB (mTpBXOB) peSBHLI oopeJJ;eJIHeTCH HaSHaqeHBeM npopesJlHeHHoii
TKaBH B KOJIef'iJIeTCH B opeJJ;eJIax OT 1 ,no 20 B 60Jlee.
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a
Pac. 7.1. np pa60TL1 npoMaao'IBHx MaIIDIB JI npopeaBBaBaBBJI TKaBeii:
0,6, II, II - pasJIU'IHIoIe TIIDH MaDJB1l; 1 - OOpeaRBeam.dI Ban; z - nC3BBe; 8 - paRmi; 4 - BlllKmrit Ba-.<:
6 - BepxBId BaJDIK; 8 - BaBBa; 7 - aaORpalOlI\1d BanRKi 8 - Depe.xralODIIIA BaJDIK; 9 - uorpJ>l<HIoIe Ba.
upaBmllOlI\ue BaJIIJKIJ; 10 - HapJ>l<BJd BaDpumnolI\Ba BamlR; 11 - OTIKBMHIoIe BamJRII.
,D;JIH OpOHaSYBaBHH TKaBeH pe3BHOBLlM KJIeeM opBHeHHIDTCH MamHm.I pas-
JIBqBYX KOBCTPYKIQID:. Cpe,nB 3THX MamBB MOmHO BLI,neJIBTL qeType TIloa. Ha Ma-
nmBax oepBOrO THOa TKaBL npOnyCKaeTCH B sasop MemJJ;y 06peSBBeBBYM BaJIOM 1
(pBC. 7.1, a) B JIeSBBeM 2 paKJlB 3 (KOBD;OM 1I0ma). CxeMhI MamHH JJ;pyrnx TBnOB
nOKasaBhI Ba pBC. 7.1,6, 8 H e. Hau60JILmee pacnpOCTpaHeBBe nOJIyqBJIa MamHHa
oepBoro TBna.
MamBBa, pa60TalOID;aH no cxeMe, OOKasaHHOH Ha pBC. 7.1,6, BpBMeBHeTCH
p:JIH npOOBTKH TKaBeH JIaTeKCOM Ba MBorBX sapy6emBLlx saBOJJ;ax; Ba OTeqeCTBeB-
BLIX saBOJJ;ax TaKBe MamBBLI Be opHHeBHIDTCH. MamHHa, cxeMa KOTOpOH npBB8-
,neBa Ba pBC. 7.1, 8, BCOOJILSyeTCH ,nJIH HaJIOmeBBH Ba TKaBL OqeHL TOBKBX CJIOeB
peSBBOBoro RJIeH. MamBBa qeTBepTOro TBna (pBC. 7.1, e) opBHeBHeTcH ,nJIH opo-
nBTKB Kop,na B TKaHeii JIaTeKCOM. MLI OrpaHBqBMCH OImCaBBeM TOJILKO MamHH
oepBoro TBna.
B saBBCHMOCTB OT cooc06a cymlm CJIOH KJIeH, BaJIOiRellBoro Ba TKaBL, pa3-
JlBqaIDT ropBSOBTaJILBhle MamBBLl (cymRa OPOBSBOJJ;JlTCH Ha ropBSOHTaJILBOH ropH-
qeH nJIBTe BJIB BH paKpaCHYMB HarpeBaTeJILBLlMB 3JIeMeBTaMB) H 6apa6aHBLI
214
MamBHY (cymKa npOIlCXOAHT Ba ropgqeM 6apa6aBe). rOpllSOHTaJILBble npOMa30q-
Bble MamJIBY, B CBOID OqepeAL, nOApaSAeJiHIDTCH Ha CTaB,napTBLle, Cne aJILBLle
(c JJ;BYMJI rOJIOBKaMII, YAJIIIBeBBLlMB nJIIITaMII 11 T. n.) 11 npeD;IISIIOHBLle. ,___, ,
7.1. CTAHAAPTHblE rOPH30HTAnbHbiE
.KnEEnpOMA304HblE MAWHHbI
lIp unUaJILHaH cxeMa ropUSODTaJILHOH RJleenpOMaSOqHOi MamJIHbI npll-
'BeAeHa Ha pllC. 7.2. HanpaBJleIme ,nBumeHHH TRaHII Ha cxeMe nORasaBO CTpeJIRaMII.
TRall1> npOXOAuT qepes sasop Mem,ny 06pesBHeBBLlM BaJIOM 5 11 JIeSBlleM 6 paKJIII,
KOTopoe CBIDfaeT Hs6L1TOR RJIeH. BeBsHH IICnapJleTCH npll ABllmeBHH TKaBH BaJJ;
'napOBLlMII nJIIITaMII 7 H no,n BIIMH. napy 6eBsBHa c06upaIDTcH nOA xancYJIoi 9,
oTRy,na ODII OTcaCLlBaIDTCH U BanpaBJIHIDTCH Ba pexynepaD;IIID. 3TOi cxeMe COOT-
seTcTByeT BYDYCKaeMaH B CCCP ropll30HTaJILBaH RJIeenpOMaSOqHaJI Mannma
CTa apTBoro Tuna HBO-3220 (pIIC. 7.3). OCBOBBYMII YSJIaMH MamBHLI HBJIHIDTCH
CTaBBBa 2, paCKaTO'CfilOe.6 H SaKaTOqBOe 5' YCTpoHcTBa, nepeAHHii (paooqHii) BaJI 5,
HaMaSO"IBYH Bom 7, MexaBHSM BacTpoHKH 9 Homa, saABHii BanpaBJIHIDID;uH BaJI 14,
HumBHe 1 11 BepxBHe 4 nOAAepmllBaIDID;lIe pOJIBKH, mllplITeJILBye ,nyrH 10 II 13
(COOTBeTCTBeHBo x SaXaTYBaIDID;eMY YCTPOHCTBY 11 sa,nHeMY HanpaBJIHIDID;eMy BaJIY),
npUBOA MamHHY 3.
MamHHa pa60TaeT CJle,nYIDID;HM o6pasoM. PYJIOH C npopeslIBHBaeMoi TRaHLID
YCTaH8BJIUBaIDT Ha paCKaTOqBOe YCTPOHCTBO 6. K KOHD;aM TRaBII npHmllBaIDT HJIU
"lIpHKJIeHBaIDT KOHD;LI HS npOKJIa,nOqHOi TRaHII. ,D;JIUHa ROBl\OB ,nOJImHa 06eCneqUTL
,
PRC. 7.2. IIpBIIII,IUIBaJJi>BaJi cxeMa ropRaOBTaJIl>Jloii KJIeenpoMaao'llloii MamBBL1:
- C1'1IHB"a; II - pynOB DPORnaJU(B; II - pyno" DpOMasa""olt TRaBH; 4 - paCRaTYBaellOdt pyno" TRaBB;
-Ii - 06pe8BHeliBIlll Ban; 6 - nesBBe pal<Jllt; 'I - DapOBNe DJDIThJ; 8 - sa.nHKI DPBBOIIBOI Ban; 9 - RaDcyna
10 - T. a'ib.
.aanpaBKY BCeH MamHBY - OT paCKaTRH O SaKaTKH. KorJJ;a Mamlfila aanpaBJIeBa,
HaA npOpeSIIHHBaeMOi TRaBLID YCTaHaBJIUnaIDT BaMaSOqHLlH nom 7. 3aaop MemAY
'TRaUbIO 11 DomOM peryJIIIPYIDT BHBTOBLIM MexaHHSMOM BacTpoHKII 9. 3aTeM Ba
TKaUL HaKJIa,nLlBaIDT RJleH 11 MamHHY nYCKaIDT B Xo,n. ,D;JIJI Toro qTo6L1 BJIeH Be
CTeKaJI C TKaHH, npUMeBJlIDTCH OrpaHHqHTeJILHLle CTpeJiKH 8, YCTaHaBJIHBaeMLle
no HpaHM TKaBH. npoxo,nJl Ha,n napOBLlMII nJIHT8MU 11, TKaHb BarpeBaeTcH, 11 6eB-
.aHH IIcnapHeTcH, a Ha TRaHH OCTaeTCH TOBKaH peslIHoBaH nJIeHKa. BLlcymeBHaH
TKaUL no BepXBIIl\f 4 11 BllmHnM 1 nOAAepiRHBaIDm,HM pOJIIIKaM BanpaBJIHeTCH K 8a-
KaTOqBoMY YCTpoicTBY 5', pacnOJlOmeHlloMY B nepe,nHeii qaCTH MamnBLI. ECJlII
TKaBL npopeSIIBIIBaeTCH C o,nBoii CTOpOBLI, ee SaKaTIJBaIDT B PYJIOB 6es npORJlaJJ;KU.
MaKCHMaJILBLlH AnaMeTp PYJlOHa 500 MM.
Y CTpOBCTBO OCHOBHLlX Y3JlOB MaWHHLI HBO-3220. llepeADIDi (pa60quii) BaJI 7
(pHe. 7.4) 06JIOmeH CJIOeM MHmoi peSHHbI TOJlID;HHOi 30-50 MM. ,D;lIaMeTp BaJIa
:250-350 MM" ,nJlBBa 1,5-2,5 MM. Ero mJlu4>yIOT 11 nOKpLlBaIDT cnupTOBLlM paCTBO-
pOM meJIJIaKa.
:5 g,f! I
i
gI
" IIICII8.
o I Co" j
OS I
= Ef",g 01:1..
::. gl:lt fII,...
o :\ I
Q ..
go ;...
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I ..i..»
I!!=
II;: .. "'1:1: I:t * CII ... ;<;
1iII
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OC>I:I Co !l:t- i2 .,CII
CI$ <> 1:111" I l l!!
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o'"
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5 i Co" U ii IS! rl::
III I!! i.. I
:G
CII
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I i
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HaMasOqBLlH Bom (paKJIft) 6 06eCneqUBaeT nOJIyqeBUe pOBBoro HenpepLlBBOr()
peSBHOBoro CJIOft Ba nOBepXBOCTB TKaBB, TOJIIQUBa KOToporo onpeAeJIHeTCH saso-
pOM MemAY TKaBLID U BomOM. Hom npeACTaBJIHeT c060i nJIaCTBBY C
acKoii mBpu-
Hoi 3-4 MM B pa60qei qaCTH, npBJIeraIDID;ei K TKaHB. OCB Kopnyca paKJlB 5 sa-
KpenJIeHLI TaK, qT06bI Rom MomHO 611JJIO OTBOABTL npB sanpaBKe TKaBB H qBCTKe
MamBBLI. 3asop Mem,ny TKaBLID B BomOM perYJIBpYIDT BBHTOM 4, nepeMeID;aIDID;BM
nO}J;mHnHUK 3 B BepTJlKaJI:bHOM HanpaBJIeBBB. no 60KaM Boma yKpenJIeHLI nepe-
I ABBmHLle CTpeJIKB 2, npenHTcTBYIDID;ue pa-
CTeKaBBID KJIeH no BceD nOBepXBOCTH
pa60qeTO BaJIa 7. fiycTOTeJILle nJIBTLI 060-
rpeBaIDTcH napOM ,naBJIeHUeM 0,3 Mna.
nJIBTLI saKpLlTbI KOJInaKOM C OKBaMJIl, qepe3
ROTopLle OTcaCLlBaIDTCH napLl 6eHSBlla. BeB-
TlfQHb TUJlH
BOBBaH CBCTeMa 06eCneqHBaeT KpOM8'
OTcoca napOB 6eBSBBa BX paS6aBJleBU8'
BOSAYXOM ,no 6esonacHoi ROH
eBTpa
B.
PaCKaTOqBOe YCTPOBCTBO ,nJIH COSAaHBH
BaTHmeBBH TKaHB cBa6'KeHo TOpMOSBLlM
npBcnoc06JIeHBeM. HaTHmeBBe 06eCneqB-
BaeTCH TOpMOSBLlM mKBBOM, Ba KOTOpLlii
BaAeBaeTCft TopMOSBaH JIeBTa C rpYSOM BJIH
JleBTa, saTHrBBaeMaH BBHTOM. UUT8Bra sa-
RaTOqBOrO YCTpoicTBa npBBOABTCH 80 Bpa-
ID;eBBe npH nOMOID;B
p1lK
OBROH rOJlOBKB.
npBBO,n ManIBBY OCYID;eCTBJlHeTCH OT
SJIeRTpOABBraTeJIH BO BSpYB06esonaCBOH
BCnOJIBeBBB qepes peAYKTOp II BapBaTOp;
nJiaBHOe BSMeBeBBe cKopOCTeB B npe,neJI8X 1: 3.
TeXHUqeCKaH xapaKTepBCTBKa npoltfasoqHoi MamBBLJ.
"
PBC. 7.4. HaMaaO'l8LIB aom (paJ(JJJI):
1 - CTaBRBa; 8 - C'l'peRKa; 8 - 1C0pnyC DO.ll-
llUDUlllJ(a palCa; 4 - peryapoBO'lBJd BIIBT
C 1lU0BII'IICOM; 5 - 1C0pnyC palUlB; 6 - Balla-
80'l1Jld ROIK (paICJIII); '/ - paGo'lBtt BM.
np1l80,n 06eCneqUBaeT
Home npUBo,nBTCH
BBO-3220:
6
7
CKOPOCTb nponYCKaRRJI TKaUB, M/MRR
MaKcBMaJli>uaJl mRpURa DpOMaaYBa-
eMoii TKaBB, MM . . . . . . . . .
.I\uJle8Be napa, MIla ..,
3J1eKTpoJJ;8uraTeJIi> Dp
OAa
TBD . . . . . . . . .
MOIII,BOCTi>, K BT
faoapBTBL18 paaMepLl, 101
AJIBBa .
mupBBa
BLiCOTa ','
Macca, T
7-21
1600
0,3
BA0-41-6
3
5525
3510
1665
4.5
7.2. CnELtHAnbHblE KnEEnpOMA304HblE MAWHHbI
nOCKOJILKY B 60JILmBBCTBe CJIyqaeB npBxoABTCH npopesBHuBaTL YSKDe TKaBH
(nmpBBoB 11.0 1100 MM), B CCCP npllMeBHeTCH AByxnoJIOTeBBaH npOMaSOqaaH Ma-
mHHa, Ba KOTOpOB o,nBoBpeMeHBo MomBO 06pa6aTLlBaTL ABa PYJlOBa TRaBH. 3Ta
MaDIHHa B npo,nOJILBOM HanpaBJIeBUU KaK 6L1 pas,neJIeBa Ba ,nBe qaCTB, B Ram,nOB
BS ROTOpyX npOMaSLlBaeTCH no OABOM}T PYJIOBY TRaHU. nOSTOMY "lamBHa CB86)1(eH8
,nBYMH HomaMU (paKJIHMB) AJIBBoi 1100 MM RamALlB, a AJIuBa pa60qero BaJla YBeJlB-
qeHa JJ;O 2400 MM.
Ha pHAe sapy6emBLlx saBo,nOB npBMeBHIDTCH KOM6BBBp0B8BHlIJe npOMaSOqBO-
npOIIJITOqRLle MaIDBHLI C BIJBOCHIJM paCRaTOqBO-SaKaTOqB:bUtl YCTPODCTBOM
(pIlC. 7.5).
218
npH npOMaSYBaBIUI TKaHL nocTynaeT Ba MamDBY, MBHYH BaBBY 4 ,nJIH JIaTeKCa,
a npH npOlDlTLlBaBDH OHa CBaqaJIa BanpaBJIHeTCH B BaBBY, OTmlDrl8eTCH Mem,ny
BcnOMOraTeJILBLIM D pa60qDM BaJIOM 7 B saTeM ,nBDa(eTCH Ba,n 060rpeBaTeJIL
R
UJIHTaMH 8 D no,n HHMB.
npB BblBOCBOM paCKaTOqBO-SaKaTOqBOM YCTpoicTBe ,nHaMeTp PY;JOHa TKaBH
J
OCTHraeT 1 M D 60JIee.
6
t -
\ I f
"-"
.
11
Pac. 7.5. KOM6BBBpOB8BBaJi KJIeenpOMaa0'l80-npoDBTO'IIIaJl MamBBa C BLlBOCBLIM paCKaTO'lBO-
8aRaTO'IIILIM YCTpoIcTBOM:
1 - aaKaTRa; 2 - paCKaTRa; 8 - nmrra lJepeKpl>\Tll1l KaBana; 4 - BallBa AM JlaTeKCa; 8 - CTamma; 6-
paRmI; 7 - paGO'IBII' BaJli 8 - oGorpeBlIIOlUlle IUIIITM; 9 - KOIKYX KaDcynw; 10 - BaDpaamuo
Ban; 11 -
TKaBb.
3a Py6emOM IDHpoKoe pacnpocTpaBeBDe nOJIyqHJID KJIeenpOMaSOqBLle MamHHLI
C ,nBYMH rOJIOBRaMH. TaKaH MamHHa nOKasaBa Ha pDC. 7.6. RaK B
O Da pDCysKa
TKaH!>, JlpOMaaaHHaH Ba OABOB rOJIOBKe, saRaTblBaeTCH Ba BTOpOH. ECJID Tpe6yeTcH
8aBeCTD eID;e O,nBB IDTPDX, TO TKaBL 6ea nepesanpaBKU npOMasblBaeTCH Ba BTOPOB
rOJIOBKe U npUHBMaeTCH Ba nepBoi. 3Ta MamHHa npJilMeBHeTCH ,nJIH HaBeOOHUH Ha
!
4
A'-----.--
- I I
..........
............
;----.. .
6" 7
........
:;;;;.----
./'
2
11
13
9
PIIC. 7.6. KJleenpoMaao'lllaJI MaDlBBa C AByMJI rOJlOBRaMB:
l-CTaBIIHa; 8 - OXJl8.IIBTeJlbmdi GapaGaB; 3 - paKJlII; 4 - paGo'Ul.il: Bani 5 - BaDpaamnolUllA BaJl; 6-
oGorpeJI31OIItali DJlBTai 7 - KOIKYX KaDcym.z; 8 - BanpaBJlllJO
Ban; 9 - JlODOJUlllTeJlbllall oGorpeJIaJOlltali
DJlBTa; l' - HanpaBJlll101UIIA BaJIIJK; 11 - aaKaTOqBoe BJI\!I pacKaroqHoe 'YCTPOICTBO; 12 - DepelCpI>lTBe
lCaBana;
18 - JleB'l'O'IRIoII TPaBCDOpTep.
TKaBL MHOrOCJlOUnOrO nOKpbITDH, T. e. npD BaJIOmeBDB 60JILmOrO qHCJIa mTpDXOB.
CKOpOCTb r.ramHHLI 4-24 M/MBH.
B nOCJIe,nHee npeMH ,nJIH IIOBbImeBDH npOHaBo,nHTeJILBOCTB CTaHJJ;apTHLlX HJIee-
npOr.IaaOqHLIX MamHH CTaJIH npHMeHHTL AOnOJIBHTeJILBLlH HarpeB TKaBH DB
pa-
KpacBYMH no,norpeBaTeJlLB.bIMH 9J1eMeDTaMD. COBpeMeHBaH mnpeAHHr-MamDHa,
cHa6meHBaH BH
paKpaCHYMB nOAorpeBaTeJIHMD, nOKasaHa Ha pDC. 7.7. BLlcoTa
yCt'aBOBKD naHeJleU 5 C HH
paKpaCBIIIMD HarpeBaTeJILBYMD 9JIeMeHTaM.B perYJIU-
PyeTcH npH nOMOID;H pblqa>RBoH CHCTeMY 6. npDBOJJ; MamHHLI OCYID;eCTBJIHeTCH
OT 3J1eKTpo,nBuraTeJIH 9 (BO BspblB06esonacBoM DCnOJIHeBuu) MOID;BOCTLID 2,2 KBT.
219
Oc06eHBOCTLID OnBCaBBOH ManmBbI HBJIHeTCH ee yBBBepCaJILBOCTL. OBa Mome't
6HTL BcnOJILSOBaHa He TOJILRO AJIH npopeSBHIIBaBBH MaTepBaJlOB, BO H ,nU nORpLl-
TBH TKaBeH APyrnMB nOJlHMepBLIMII MaTepBaJiaMB. npBMeBeHBe BH
paRpaCBLlX
nOAorpeBaTeJleH YBeJlBqUBaeT npoBsBOABTeJILHOCTL ManmBLI nOqTB BABoe.
4 3 2
8 m "
PIIc. 7.7. mupeABJIf-MamBllLI C BBtpaRpaCBWfB DOAorpeBaTeJIJlMB:
1 - paCKa'1'O'IIIoe ycT))OACTBO; 2 - paIWI; 8 - perymrpYJOIQHJI: lIeX8BB811 palUJB; 4 - DapoBaJI lUlllTa; 5 -
D8Bea C BBdlpupaCIWIIII BarpeaaTemlIlB; 6 - Pl>J1JlIIKBaJI CBCTella; '1 - TBCBBJU.Doe Yt:TJ>oAC'1'BO; 8 - DOA-
JlepIKBBu>
e PO./lllKB; 9 - 8J1eK'l'pOJlBlIJ'aTenlt; 10 - CT8BBBa; 11 - 8AJCa'1'O'IIIoe YCTpoACTBO.
npe,nCTaBJIHeT BBTepeC BblnycKaeMaH B AHrJIIUI KOM6Ji1BJ1pOBaBHaH DUT01lBO-
6apa6aBBaH MamUBa, yCTpOHCTBO KOTOpOH nOKaSaBO Ha pUc. 7.8. npBKeBeBH9
CYIDBJILBOrO 6apa6aBa 6 BapHAY C napoBoH nJIBTOH 5 06
HcBHeTcH CTpeMJleBBeM
YBeJIB1IBTL nJIOID;aAL 060rpeBa B nOBLlCBTL TeM CaMHM npOB3BOABTeJlloBOCTIo M8IDJIHIoI.
6
5
PBC. 7.8. KOM6BBBpOB8BB8JI JUJ8TO'lB0-6apa68BB8JI KJJeeDpOMaaO'IBU lWIIIDIa:
1 - CTaBJIBa; 8 - mmuolltJlA TPaBCDOporep; 8 - lIeX8BB811 JIM B811eBeBIIJI yJ'ma YCTIBOBJCB paKJIB; 4 - lIesa-
DB811 perYJlBJloBaBBJI DpIDfl_a palC./lll; 6 - DapoBwe 1UID'11II; 6 - cyJIJBJII>BWlllapaGaJr; , - BalCa'l9'1110e yC'J'pOit-
CTBO; 8-DpBBOJl; 9 - pacKa'1'O'IIIOe YCTPOACTBO.
)J.JIH BaBeCeBBH TOqBOrO ROJlBqeCTBa peSHBOBOH CMeCU npHMeBJUOTCH TaK
BaSblBaeMLle npe
SBOBHLle MamBHLI. 3TB MamHBLI OTJIHqaIDTCH DOBWIIeBBOii
TID;aTeJlLBOCTLID HSfOTOBJIeHBH H TOqHOCTLID perYJlBpOBaBBH nO,nmaTBJI paKJIB.
7.S. PEKynEPALtHOHHblE YCTAHOBKH
Ha pBC. 7.9 nOKasaHa peKynepa
BoHBaH yCTaBoBKa, npHMeBHeMaH ,nJlH YJIa-
BJIBBaBBJI napOB 6eBsBBa, OTcaCLIBaeMblX Bs-no,n RancyJlY RJleenpOMaSOqBOB
MamBBbI. CMecL napOB 6eHsBHa C B03AYXOM nO)l.aeTCH B3pLIB06esonacBLIM BeBTBJlH-
220
TOpOM 1 B aAcop6ep 2, SanOJIHeBBblH aKTIIBUpOBaBBLIM yrJleM. KOHl\eBTpa JI
napOB 6eH3HHa B OTcaCLlBaeMOM B03Ayxe AOJlmBa 6b1TL HDme BspblBoonaCBoro npe-
JJ;eJIa. BLlcoTa CJIOH aKTUBlIpOBaBBoro yrJlH B a,ncop6epe, onpeAeJlHeMaH paCqeTOM.
,nOJlmBa 6b1TL T KOH, qT06L1 06eCneq1lTL nOJIBYID OqllCTKY B03,nyxa OT napOB 6eB-
SBHa. npu BaCLlID;eHIIII aKTlIBUpOBaBBoro yrJIH napaMII 6eB3HHa nepBblH aAcpp6ep 2'
OTKJIIDqaIDT 11 BKJlIDqaIDT BTOpOH aJJ;cop6ep 8. Bo BpeMH pa60TY a,ncop6epa 8 aKTU-
BupOBaBBYH yrOJIL, sanoJlBHIDID;Dii a,ncopoep 2, no,nBepraIDT pereBepa u. BJiaro-
JJ;apH 3TOMY 06eCneqUBaeTCH BenpepLlBBaH pa60Ta peKynepa oBBoi YCTaBOBKB.
8 7 8 9
It
PBC. 7.9. CX8IIa peKyDep81\BoBBoi YCTaIIOBRB ADs ynaBmtBaJIBJI uapoB 6eB8UBa:
1 - BeIITImRTOp; ., , - a.u.COP PI>I; 8, 6 - 88JI.BIIIKKB; ., 6 - MO. 8J<TBBBpOB88B0ro yr.JIII; 'I - DapoDpOBOIJ;
9 - KOilJ'eBea'1'Op; 10 - pauemrrem.BSJI 1C0000BBa; 11 - c pIIIrK ROllAeBeaTa (<<IeBaBBa); 12 - Bacoc.
,D;ecop6l\BH 6eB311Ba npOIl3Bo,nIlTCH napOM, nOAaBaeMYM B a,ncopoep BS napo-
npoBo,na 7. OTorBaBBLlH 6eB3HH (BepBee, CMeCL napoB 6eB3HHa B BOALI) Banpa-
BUeTCH B KOBAeBcaTOp 9, rAe napy 6eD311Ba 11 BOALI KOBAeBcBPYJOTcH. ROBAeBcaT
(BoABo-6eHsHHoBan; cMeclo) nocTynaeT B3 KOB,neBcaTopa B pa3AeJlBTeJlLsyJO KOJlOHBy
10. nocJle OT,neJleIlIlH OT BOALI 6eB3BB nOJJ;aeTCH B c60pIIBK 11, oTKy,na BaCOCOM 12'
nepeKa1l1lBaeTCH Ba npOIl3BOACTBO. B08BpaT 6eH3BHa Ba COBpeMeHHYX YCTaHOBKaX
,nOCTlIraeT 95 % .
B nOCJleABlIe rOA);l BaMeTUJlaCL TeB,neB K npHMeHeBDlO peKynep OHHYX:
YCTaBOBOK BenpepblBBoro JJ;eHcTBBH, DleIDIl\IIX PHA npeBMy1l\eCTB nepeA yCTaBOB-
Ka lIep1l0AH"leCKoro AeBCTBU.
r nABA 8
060PY,lI.OBAHJ.1E ,lI.nfl 3ArOTOBJ.1TEnbHbIX onEP A
J.1A
B pe3BBOBOH npOMLlmJIeBBOCTu sarOTOBUTeJILHblMU BaSLlBaIDT orrepan;uu,
"BblnOJIBHeMLIe npll usrOTOBJIeBIIU ,neTaJIei IIJIU nOJIy
a6pIlKaTOB, KOTopble B nOCJIe-
,,nyJOID;eM UCnOJILsYIDTCH ,nJIH npoDsBo,nCTBa IIs,neJIui. TaKux onepan;ui, CBHsaBBblX
DSMeJILqeHlIeM, BLlPy6KOH 11 paspesaBHeM MaTepHaJIa, B pesuBoBoM npou3Bo,ncTBe
)J;OBOJILBO MBoro. ,D;JIH UX BblnOJIBeBIIH npuMeBHIDTcH paSJIWlBLle MamuBhI, KOTopLle
YCJIOBBO MomBO pas)J;eJlIlTL Ha lIeTLlpe rpynrrLl. R nepBoi rpynne CJIe,nyeT OTBeCTU
MamHHLI ,nJIH IISMeJILqeBWI peSHHOBoi CMeCII, KO BTOpoi - MamUBbI ,nJIH BLlpy6KD
'sarOTOBOK liS pesHHoBoro JIBCTa, K TpeTLeH 11 qeTBepToii rpynrraM - COOTBeTCT-
-,eBBO 3axpoHBLle 11 peSaTeJILBble MamHBLI.
8.1. MAWHHbI AnJ=! H3MEnb4EHHfI PE3HHOBOA CMECH
B pe3BBoBoM npou3Bo,nCTBe mllpOKO npHMeBHeTCH cnoc06 IISrOTOBJIeBIIH
op-
'MOBLIX .II JlBTLeBYX 1I3JJ;eJIUH 113 peSIIBOBblX CMeceH, saCLlnaeMblX B npecc
pMY
IIJIB ,nosaTOp B BII,ne MeJIKIIX KYCOqKOB (rpaBYJI) ,nuaMeTpOM 3-5 MM U ,nJIHHoi
3-3,5 MM. rpaBYJIaMH MoryT nBTaTLCH U qepBHqBLle MamUBLI XOJIo,nBoro nDTaBUH,
'1
)
Puc. 8.t. np
AeiicTBBJI pemymero yc-
Tpoiicma.lrpasyJIJITOpa C AIICKOBKMB BomaHB:
1 - rpaaYJlN; 8 - BeDOABBllClIN1I: BOIK; " - AeplKaTeJlf>
BeDoABBllCBOro BOlKa; 4 - CTOn;" 6 - nBcr peaBBN;
6 - ABCKOBNe BOlICH; '1 - AeplKaTeJlf> DOUepe'lllNX
Bpa
aJOlqBXCII BOlKell:; 8 - BOIKB. .
lIOJIYQaIDID;De BCe 60JILIDee paCnpOCTpaBeBUe B npOMYWJIeBHOCTU peSUHOBLlX
us,neJIu.
B 3arOTOBBTeJILBblX n;exax B OCHOBBOM npHMeHHIDTCH ,nUCKOBble U BaJIKOBLle
rpaBYJIHTOpLl IIJIU ,nOSaTOphl Ba 6ase qepBHqftoi MamUBLI, npOIlSBO)J;HID;lIe n;UJIBB-
,np1l"leCKlIe, TOqHO JJ;OSUpOBaBBLle SarOTOBKD (JJ;O meCTII mTyK O,nBOBpeMeBBO).
.n U C K 0 B bI e r p a H y JI H TOp L1. npllHn;lIn pa60TbI pemym;ero YCTpoi-
CTBa rpaBYJIHTOpa C ,nUCKOBLlMH BomaMU nOKasaB Ba p1lC. 8.1.
JlIICT peSUBY 5 no,naeTCH no CTOJIY 4 K ,nUCKOBbIM BomaM 6, KOTophle paspe-
salOT ero Ba OT,neJILHble Y3KDe nOJIOCKH, nocTynaIDID;lIe K nOnepeqBOMY BomeBoM
r
YCTpoicTBY 6apa6aBBoro THna. Hom 2 SaKpenJIeB Beno,nBlImBO, a Bomu 8 YKpe-
nJleBLI Ha Bp
aIOID;eMCH ,nepmaTeJle 7. TaKoii rpaBy.lIHTOp paspesaeT JIIICTOBOD:
MaTepDaJI TOJIID;UBOi OT 3 ,no 12 MM Ba rpaBYJIbI npHMoyrOJlLHOi
OpMLI. CKOpOCTL
nOAaqll MaTepUaJIa perYJIUpyeTcH B npeJJ;eJIax 3--37 M/MBB. I1pousBo,nuTeJIbBocTL
rpaHYJIJlTopa KOJIe6JIeTCH OT 45 ,no 3000 Kr/q npu nOTpe6JIHeMOH r.fOm;BOCTU OT 1
)J;O 7,5 KBT. On1lcaBHLli rpaHYJIHTOp SaBBMaeT MaJIO MeCTa, yJJ;06eB ,nJlH npou3-
222
Bo,nCTBa C mHpOKHM accopTBMeBTOM pen;enryp, He nOBWlIaeT TeMnepaTyPyIo6pa-
6aTLlBaeMoro MaTepUaJIa.
rpaBYJlHTOpbl ,nJIH nOJIyqeBuH rpaHYJI B Bu,ne Ky6uKOB BLlnYCKaIDTCH paSHblX
paSHepOB AJIH pesaBUH JIUCTOB peSHHLI mupHHoi 100,' 200 U 400 MM; paSMepl>l
BapesaeMLIx Ky6uKOB 1,5; 2,5; 3,0; 4,Olu 6 MM.
14
PBC. 8.2. ArperaT IIO JI upo(ilVUlpOBUlBJI B peso MepBLIX aarOTOBOX:
1 - CTaBBHa; 2 - pOJIbraBJ'; 8 - BIIJI'J'; 4 - peIK ee 1CTPOICTBO; 5 - ; 6 - QepBJI1IJIaJI M8ID1IBa; 7 -
BecOBoe YCTpOICTBO; 8 - POJIBK; 9 - peaaTemtllaJI M8ID1IBa; 10 - CRCTelia TeDJJOBol aB'lOMaTJ/!(U; 11 - Ba-
DpaBnRJO..... pomn<; 12 - GoOBBa C lIaTepBMOM.
B a JI K 0 B bI e r p a B Y JI H TOp bI. R nOA06BYM rpaBYJIHTOpaM OTHO-
CUTCH ManIUBa UpMLI «,D;ecMa» (<Dpr) Tuna 1031/11. 3TOT rpauYJIHTOp paspesaeT'
;JeHTy cypoi peSUBLI (mupuBoi 250 MM U TOJIID;UBOi 6-12 MM) Ba YSKue nOJIOCKB
mupuHoH 4-5 MM npu nOMOID;B npo,nOJILBO pemyID;ux BaJIKOB. ,I(uCKU BaJIKOB
saxo,nHT O,nUB sa APyroH Ha 1,3 MM.
OXJlam,neHHaH peSUHOBaH CMeCL xopomo rpaBYJIUpYeTCH sa MamUHax AM npo-
USBo,nCTBa rpaBYJI B Bu,ne Ky6uKOB. CMeCL nOBLlmeHBOH KJleHKOCTU peKOMeBAYeTCH
nepe,n rpaBYJIUpOBaHUeM OXJIam,naTL cyxoi ,nBYOKUCLID yrJIepOAa.
223.
npll npOUSBO,nCTBe aarOTOBOK ,nJIH nBTaHBR JlIITLeBLlX MamUH .II AJIH SaKJlaAKU
B npecc- opMbI npHMeHHIDTCH Cnen;BaJILHble ,nOSupYIDID;ue YCTpOBCTBa Ra oase
qepBHqRYX r.fanIBH.
ArperaTY ,nJIH npO IIJIllpOBaHIIH U peSKU MepHLlX
a a rOT 0 B 0 K. TaKOH ,nOSIIPOBOqBLli arperaT AHH3-63 (HH,neKc 248041) ,nJIH
peaKH no saJJ;aRBoH nporpaMMe B onpe,neJIeHBOB nOCJle,nOBaTeJILHOCTII ,no meCTU saro-
TOBOK o,nHOBpeMeHHO paapa60TaB BO BHHHPTMAill (puc. 8.2). Ha CTaHUBe 1 YCTa-
BOBJIeBa qepBHqHaH MamBHa 6 co mHeKOM ,nllaMeTpOM 63 MM. MaTepllaJI nocTynaeT
sa 606BHLl12 11 no HanpaBJIHIDID;eMY POJlUKY 11 no,naeTCH K peSaTeJILBOi MamBHe 9,
KOTOpaH OTpesaeT KYCKU onpeAeJIeHBOi AJIHHbI. nOcJIeJJ;Bue nocTynaIDT qepes pOJIBK
8 B sarpysOqHyIO BOpOHKy qepBHqRoi MaIDDBY 6. llinpn:n;oBaHBaH sarOTOBKa pemy-
JD;HM YCTPOHCTBOM 4 paspesaeTCH Ha KyCKH HymRoH MaCCY, KOTopble oT611paIDTcH
pOJILraHrOM 2. TeXHH"IeCKaH xapaKTepllcTBKa arperaToB AHli3 npIlBo,nIlTCH Hume:
llepBRK
THn .
.llB.qeJCC arperaTa
2'8051 2'80'1
AHIIS-32 AHHS-63
K OIlYCRo-I(IIJIllllApB'leCKaJl
peai>6a--OABoaaxoABaR 8a
KOBycaoi '1aCTB U AByxaaxoA-
BaR Ba II,BJIBBAPB'leCKOii
'1aCTB. mar nOCTORa8L1i
32 63
68 70
ABaMeTp, MM . . . . . . . .
'1aCTOTa BpameBBJI, 06/MBB .
CllcTeMa nOAAepmaBBJI aa.u;a8-
Bot TeMDepaTypLi .....
MOIII,BOCTi> 8JIeKTpoABuraTeJlR
npHBoAa '1epBJI'IBOii MaDIBBLI,
KBT . . . .
3arOToBKa
npo(iHJIi> ......
AHaMeTp, MM . . . . .
AJIUBa, AIM . . . . . .
faoapBTBLle paaMepLl, MM
AJlHaa .
mBpBB8
BLiCOTa
Macca, T
ABTOMaTB'I&cttaa
2,2
18
Kpyr sii
10-40 20-75
50-300 100-430
1800
1220
2000
1,015
1800
1220
2000
1,67
8.2. MAWHHbl Anfl BblPY6KH 3ArOTOBOK
,D;JIH npOIlSBo,ncTBa MBorux OpMOBYX H KJIeeBYX peaBHOBYx' Ha,neJlIIH qaCTO
U nOJILsYIDT saroToBKu, nOJIyqeBHble MeToAoM Bypy6Ku HS JIBCTOB Cypoii peaBHbI
UJIU liS nOJIOTBa 06pesBHeBHoi TKaBU. ,D;JIH Bblpy6KU sarOTOBOK npHMeHHIDT paa-
.JIH"IHble BLlpy6Bye npeccLI, paaJIH"IaIDID;lIeCJI no KOBCTpyKD;IIB H MOID;BOCTU.
COBpeMeBBye Bblpy6Rye npeccbI SBaqBTeJILBO OTJIH"IaIDTCR OT npllMeBRBmuxcH
paBLme B pesuBoBoM npousBo,ncTBe npeccoB TBna «P06UHSOH», «PeBOJIIDn;BoHt
11 3KCn;eHTpBKoBLlX. MOID;ROCTL npeccoB BOSpOCJIa B 2 pasa H 60JIee. ECJIU paHLme
YCBJlue npeCCOBaHUR KOJIe6aJIOCL B npeAeJIaX OT 0,05 ,no 0,1 MH, TO Y COBpeMeB-
HLIX npeCCOB OBO ,nocTuraeT 0,2-0,3 MH. 3BaqUTeJILBO IISMeBUJICH npUBO,n npecca.
PaHLme OB OCYID;eCTBJIHJICH qepes meCTepBU U KpBBomuDHo-maTYBBYi MexaBUSM,
a B BaCTOHID;ee BpeMH 60JILmHHCTBo npeCCOB B CCCP U sa py6emoM BynycKaIDTcH
C 3JIeKTporUJJ;paBJIH"leCKUM UJIB rUApaBJIH"IeCKHM npIlBOJJ;OM, lITO 06eCneqUBaeT nJIaB-
BOCTb U 6eCmYMBOCTL pa60TLI npecca. BynycKaIDTcH nOJlyaBToMaTH"IeCKBe U aBTO-
MaTUqeCKlle npeccLI.
'Y 60JILIDHHCTBa npeCCOB mTaBn;eBblH Bom aaKpenJIeB Ha BepxBeii TpaBepce llJIU
nyaBcOHe. HHorJJ;a nyaBcoB aBTOMaTH"IeCKU nepeMeID;aeTCH B,nOJlL BepxHei Tpa-
sepcLI npecca. MaTepUaJI no,naeTCH nOA rrpecc BpyqRYID UJIU cnen;UaJILBblM nOAa-
IDID;u YCTPOHCTBOM, KOTopoe MomeT pa60TaTL B nOJIyaBToMaTUqeCKOM U aBTOMaTB-
qeCKoM pemUMe.
:224
no KOBCTPYK HH BI>1py6HI>1e npeCChl MomBO paSAeJlHTL Ha ABe OCHOBBYe rpyn-
nl>1: JJ;BYXKOJlOHHble C BepXHeH nOABWRHoii HJlH BenoABHmHoii TpaBepcoii KOCTOBoro
Tuna H OJJ;HOKOJlOHHl>1e qeJlIDCTBoro TllIIa C BepXHeii nOBopOTHOii HJlU HenOBopOTHOii
nOJJ;BHmHoi KOBCOJlLHOii TpaBepcoii.
,D; B Y X K 0 JI 0 H H bI e B bI P Y 6 H 1>1 e n p e C C bI. R 3TOH rpynne npec-
COB OTHQCHTCH npeccbI nBr-18-1-0 H nBr-18-2-0 c nOABHmHoii BepXBeii TpaBepcoit
MOCTOBoro Tuna, onYCKaIDID;eHCH BO BpeMH BYPy6KH, HsrOTOBJlHeMl>1e OpJIOBCKHM
rOCYJJ;apCTBeBHbIM MamBHOCTpOUTeJlLHYM saBoAOM HM. MeJJ;BeJJ;eBa. MaKCHMaJlLBOe
pa60qee YCHJlUe npecca 0,2 MH, BaH60JlLmBii nepHMeTp BI>1py6aeMoii AeTaJlH 930 MM.
c::,
Pac. 8.3. BLlpy6soii npecc IIBf-18-t-O:
1 - CTaBBRa; 2 - 1<0nORRa; 3 - CTOn; 4 - BepDlJIJI TPuepca; 5 - Dp'YlKJllla o(ipamoro xOJla.
npecc 3J1eKTpOrHApaBJlHqeCKOrO JJ;eHCTBHH. YCTpOHCTBO npecca nBr-8-1-0 nOKa-
saBO Ba pUc. 8.3. B CTaBBHe 1 C JJ;ByMH nOJII>1MU KOJlOHHaMH 2 pacnOJlOmeB rHJJ;po-
npUBOJJ;. Ha BepxHeii nJlOCKOCTH CTaHHHI>1 pacnOJlOmeB CTOJI 3, Ha KOTOpblii yKJl8JJ;Y-
BaeTCH Bblpy6aeMblii MaTepHaJI. BepxBHH TpaBepca 4 nOJJ;BHmHaH; pa60qHii XOJJ;
06eCneqHBaeTCH JJ;eiiCTBHeM rHJJ;paBJlH'leCKOi CHCTeMI>1, a nOJJ;'LeM TpaBepCI>1 OCYID;C-
CTBJlHeTCH npymuHoi 5.
TeXHH'leCKaH xapaKTepHCTHKa npecca nBr-18 npUBOJJ;HTCH Hume (CM. Ta6J1.8.1)
AaaJlOrUQBl>1e no KOBCTpyK HH npeccl>1 BblnycKaIOTcH B 1JCCP (Mo,neJlL 06109jP1)
U r,D;p (Tun 13040). nOJJ;'LeM Bblpy6HOii TpaBepCbI OCYID;eCTBJlHeTCH Ba 3T1IX npec-
cax OT 3J1eKTpOJJ;BuraTeJlH. BLlpy6Boe YCHJlHe npecca 0,3 MH. MaKCHMaJiLHaH
nOBepXHOCTL ,neTaJlei, nOJlyqaeMLIX aa npecce 1600 X 500 MM.
Ha pUc. 8.4 nOKasaB JJ;BYXliOJIOHHl>1i npecc 3J1eKTporUJJ;paBJIH"leCKOrO AeiicTBHH
C BenoJJ;BHmHoii TpaBepcoii H no,nBumBLIM nyaHcoHoM HpMY «CTa tflopJJ;J> (ABrJlHH).
Pa60qee YCHJlHe npecca 0,22 MH. npecc COCTom us BumBeii TpaBepCI>1 (cTaBuHa 1),
15 3al<88 163 225
,
MaTepUaJIa no ma6J10BY, BTopaH rpynna - MaIDHBbI H CTaHKU JJ;JIH peSKII JlHCTOB,
npotflHJleD:, Tpy60K U mHypOB, TpeTLH rpyooa - MamUHLI JJ;JlH peSKU npopeSHaea-
ablx TKaaeD: H qeTBepTaH rpynna - MamHabI ,nJlH peSKH MeTaJlJlOKopJJ;a.
8.3.1. HO>KH AnA peSKM no wa6nOHY
JIeBTOqftLJe HOacu. 3TU aomu npHMeBHIDT J1.JlH BLlpesaHHH AeTaJleH no ma6J1oBY
HS aaCTHJla 06pesuBeBHLlx TKaHeH H KaJIas,npoBaaHI>1X HJlU mnp
OBaBHI>1X JIIICTOB
Cl>1pOH pesHBLI. JIeHTOqHye aomH KJIaCcHtflHD;HPYIDT B saBHCHMOCTH OT qHCJla mKU-
BOB, Ha I<OTOpLlX HaTHHyra CTaJlLDaH JleHTa (Rom). B BaCTOHID;ee BpeMR OTeqeCT-
BeBHI>1MU saBOJJ;aMH ,nJIH peSHaOBOH npOMblmJIeHBOC'l1l BI>10YCKaIDTCH TOJILKO
.'8
19
20
23
2*
2 26 Z.)
PIIC. 8.7. JIeRTO'D1LIB Rom RJI-800 C 'leTLIpi>MJI mKBBaMB:
1 - 3MBilil C'I'OlRa CTaBBBH; 2 - DOBopoTRall DJlHTa 3aeKTPO.!lBBraTeJlII; 3 - Depe.uBIIII C'I'ORKa CTaBJIBH; 4 -
BBIleBIIII qaCTb orpalle.!leBBII; 5 - BRJKBIIA WKHB; 6 - roPH30BTam.RaJI qaCTb CTaBBRIII; 7 - C'I'OJI; 8 - IIIIIKBee
BaDpaBJillJOwee 'YCTpOACTBO; 9 - ROlle; 10 - Bepxucc RanpaDJlRJOwee YCTpoACTBO; 11 - ocaeTRTemoBIUI apMa-
TYPa; 12 - MeXaBB3M perYJlItpOBaBBR HaTlllleeBBII JlellTW; 13 - &laCJIeRKa; 14 - BepXIUIA DO.!lBBIltllIIIA DlRBB;
15 - BepXBIIR qaCTb CTaBBBH; 16 - BepXRlI1I qaCTb orplllKJteBBII; 17 - YKa3aTeJlb CKOpoCTB JlellTl>l; 18 - aepx-
JIBiI: mKBB; 19 - MeX8BB3M .!IJIII 3aroqKU BOllea; 20 - DYJlbT YDpaBJlefIIIJI; 21 - npHBO.!l MeX8BB311a 3aro'IJCU;
22 - DYCI'OBllle KBODKB; 23 - PYROIITKa perYJlBpOBaBBIl BaTlllleeBBII PeMRII; 24 - Bt'.!Iywmt mK8B; 2S -,pe-
MeRb; 26 - 3J1eICTpO.!lBaraTeJlb.
qeTl>1peXOCBLle MamBHbI, DO aa CTapblX SaBOJJ;aX eID;e 3KCnJIyaTUPYIDTCH MamHBbI
C ,nByMH HJlU TpeMH mKUBaMH.
JI eaT 0 q H LI e B 0 m H C q e T LI P L M H m K H B a M H. JIeaTOqaye
aomH C qeTblpLMH mKHBaMH BynYCKaIDTCH JJ;BYX paSMepOB: C BblJleTOM 800 H 1250 )Q(.
229
CKOpOCTb peSaaHH Y TaKUX Homeii perYJIHpyeTCH OT 6 ,no 20 M/MHR. 06ID;aH TOJl-
ID;BHa saKpaUBaeMoro aaCTUJla TKaaeD: JJ;O 150 MM. Ha pue. 8.7 nOKasaH aom
HJI-800 C pa60qHM BYJIeTOM 800 MM, aa KOTOpOM Momao paCKpaHBaTL BaCTHJI
C MaKCHMaJlLHYM nepHMeTpOM 800 X 800 MM. CTaUBHa aoma qyryBBaH, Kop06qa-
TOD: OTJlHBKU, BynOJlHeaa HS qeTblpex oTJJ;eJlLaLlX qaCTeB 1, 3, 6, 15, coeJJ;uaeBBhIX
6oJlTaMH. HumaHe CTOHKH 1 U 3 CKpenJleHbI CTHmKOD:. Ha CTaaBHe YKpenJleHLI
qeType mKUBa 5, 14, 18, 24; mKHB 14 Mo>KeT nepeMeID;aTLCH npH nOMOID;U Mexa-
BUSMa 12 JJ;JlH peryJlupoBaHuH HaTHmeBUH JleaTLI Homa 9, npeJJ;cTaBJlHIDID;eH c060i
SMlKaYToe nOJlOTHO, Ba,neToe aa qeType mKUBa H JJ;BHmyID;eeCH C 60JlLmOD:
CKOpOCTLID (OT 6 ,no 20 M/MUB). Bo BpeMH pa60TbI JleSBUe Boma CMaSblBaeTCH
BepeTeaaYM MaCJIOM HS MaCJIeHKH 13. YKasaTeJlL 17 nOKaSblBaeT CKOpOCTL pa-
saHBH.
Hom caa6mea MexaaUSMOM 19 ,nJlH SaTOqKH JleSBHH. npHBO,n aoma oCyID;ecT-
BJllIeTCH OT 8J1eKTpo,nBHraTeJlH 26, YCTaBOBJleaBoro aa nOBopoTBOii nJlUTe 2, qepes
KJIHHOpeMeBayID sy6qaTYID nepeJJ;aqy H BeAYID;HD: mKHB 24. HaTHmeBHe peMHH 25
peryJlupyeTcH MaXOBII1IKOM 23.
TeXHH"IeCKaH xapaKTepHcTHKa JleHTOqayX aomeH c qeTypLMH mKUBaMH,
BynYCKaeMYX saBOJJ;OM HM. RpacHaa, npHBOAHTCH aHme:
PaaMep paCKpaHBaeMO ii Ua'IRlI,
MM
AJIBBa .........
TOJIID;Raa . . . . . . . . .
BHCOTa ..........
CKOpOCTi> peaaBBJI (CKOpOCTi>
ABDmeBBJI neSTLI), M/MBB . .
tJaCTOTa BpameBBJI DpBBOABoro
mKBBa, 06/MIIJI ......
aneKTpOABBraTeJIi> npBBoAa
TIID ............
MOmBOCTi>, KBT .....
'laCTOTa Bpa e8BJI, o6/MBB
fa6apBTIILle paaMepLl, MM
AJIBaa
mBpUBa
BLiCOTa
Macca, Kr
HJI-BOO HJI-12!iO
800 1200
800 1200
150 150
6-20 6-20
382-1274 382-1274
ACBBxpolUlLlii, Tp8x<}Ia8Boro
TOKa C RopOTKoaa
pOTOpOM, co BCTpoeBIILIH
8JIeKTpOMarBBT TOpMo-
aOM-Aoa 42-6/4-m2
1.7 1.7
1500 1500
2050 2700
1200 1500
1780 1780
459 488
OnHcaHaNe Bblme JIeHToqaye Bomu npeJJ;cTaBJIHIDT onaCBOCTL npJl 8KcnJlya-
Tan;UH, TaK KaK 6b1CTpO JJ;BumYID;aHcH oCTpaH CTaJiLBaH neHTa MomeT npHqHHRTL
cepLesBble TpaBMY. nOSTOMY JleBTOqaYe BomU ,nOJlmHLI 6YTL caa6meBbI sam.RT-
BWMH YCTpoiicTBaMH, npeAoxpaBHIOID;HMH PYKH pa60qero OT paBeHHH H JleaToyJloBH-
TeJlHl>m aa cJlyqai paSpYBa Homa.
3J1eKTpOS8KpoiiuLIe pyqsLle Hoam. ,I:(JlH pesKH 06pesHBeBaLlx TKaBei, YJlomeH-
BblX B BHAe MBOrOcJloiBblX BaCTUJlOB, B pesBHoBoi npOMLImJleHaOCTu, KaK U B mBei-
BOM npousBo,nCTBe, npHMeHHIDTcH pyqHLle sJleKTpoSaKpoiiHye MamHabl C KOJle6a-
TeJlLaYM U C JJ;UCKOBbIM HOmaMH.
M a m U H LI C B e p T U K a JI L B LI M K 0 JI e 6 aTe JI L R Y M B 0 mOM.
Ha pHC. 8.8 nOKaS8aa 3JIeKTpOSaKpoiuaH MamRHa 33M-2 C BepTUKaJlLHYM KOJle6a-
TeJILablM aomOM 4. MamHBa MomeT paspesaTL BaCTHJI TOJlID;HaOB JJ;O 100 MM. Hom 4
HSrOTOBJlea us nOJlOCOBOD: CTaJIH Y10A TOJlID;HBOH 0,5-0,7 MM H mHpHHOD: 2()-
25 MM. Hom npUBOAHTCH B ABumeHHe OT 3J1eKTpo,nBHraTeJlH 9 Tpex asaoro nepe-
230
Meaaoro TOKa (MoID;HOCTL 0,475 KBT, aanpHmeHHe 220 B, qaCTOTa BpaID;eHBH
2800 06jMBH) qepes KpHBomun 8 H maTYB 6. 3JIeKTpo,nBHraTeJlL nOJJ;KJlIDqaeTCH
K ceTH qepes mTenCeJlbHblB: BBOJJ; 10. npu pa60Te MamHaa nepe,nBHraeTCH no
CTOJIY npH nOMOID;H pyqKH 1 H CKOJlLSm no BeMy nJlaTtflopMoi 2. ra6apm-
Bble paSMepLl aoma: JJ;JIHHa 315 MM, mupHHa 250 MM, BblCOTa 500 MM. Macea
Boma 14,3 Kr.
M a m H B Y C JJ; H C K 0 B LI M B 0 mOM. B CCCP BblnycKaIDTcH JJ;Be MO-
AeJiH 3JIeKTpOSaKpoHBLlX MamHH C JJ;HCKOBblMH HomaMU: 3a,I:(M-1 u 3a,I:(M-2. HOa\
y 3TUX MamHH usrOTOBJleH us CTaJiH 'Y10A; JJ;HaMeTp aoma 120 MM, TOJlJn;HHa
1,5-2 MM; aom paspesaeT naCTHJI TOJIID;HHOH JJ;O 20 MM. ,I:(HCKOBbIB: aom npHBOJJ;HTCH
"
7
G
5
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315
"S
hc. 8.8. 8aeKTpOSaKpoiBaJi MaII1BBa 83M-2:
1 - pY'fICa; z - DJlaTl!iOpMa; 3 - C'I'OltKa; 4 - ROlle; S - Don3ya; 6 - maTyR; 7 - KpWDIKa; 8 - KpuaOIDBD;
, - eneICTpOABlII'aTeJUt; 10 - mTeDceJIbBWA BBOA; 11 - neBaR DpB3Ma; 12 - upaBaJI upB8l1a.
B ABHmeBHe OT 3JIeKTpOABHraTeJIH qepeS qepBHqaYID oepeJJ;aqy C nepeAaTOqaYM qUC-
JIOM 1 : 4. 3J1eKTpoABHraTeJlL MOID;BOCTLID 0,2 KBT nOAKJlIDqaeTCH K ceTH qepes
mTenCeJILHYB: BBOJJ;.
I(upK)'Jlbllble Boam. ,I:(JlH BypeSblBaBHH HS JlHCTOBOH cblpoi HJIH BYJlKaHHSOBaa-
aOB: peSHHY KpyrJlblx AeTaJIeB: HJlU KOJIen; npHMeaHIDT TaK HaSblBaeMLIii n;HpKyJlL-
HblB: Bom. (I1BorJJ;a JJ;JlH 3THX me n;eJleB: HCnOJILsyeTcH CBepJlRJlLabli CTaBOK. B Kaqe-
CTBe pim ero HHcTpYMeBTa npHMeBHIDTM peSn;y, SaKpeOJleHHble B pesn;e,nepma-
TeJle).
B CCCP n;n:pKYJILHYii aom I1P0-4850 (26610) BbloycKaeTCH MamHBOCTpOH-
TeJILHLlM saBOJJ;OM BM. RpacHHa (pHC. 8.9). nOJlocy peSHBLI YKJlaJJ;YBaIDT BpyqaYID
aa CTOJI 3. PesHHa npIDKHMaeTCH K CTOJIY nseBMaTlI1IeCKHMH npHmHMaMH 4, yopa-
BJleBUe KOTOpYMH npOHSBOJJ;HTCH OT neJJ;aJlH 7, BKJIIDqaIDID;ei naeBMOn;HJlHHAPY
CTaBKa. npHBOA aoma OC eCTBJIHeTCH OT TpeXCKopOCTBoro 3J1eKTpOJJ;BHraTeJlH 2
qepes 3J1eKTpOMarHHTByIO MaOrOAHCKoByID pBKn;HOHHyIO MytflTY aM-22. CTaHHHa 1
CTaBKa CBapaaH HS copTOBoro opOKaTa.
231
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PaSMepLi BLipeSaeMOii SarOTOBKU, MM:
TOJIIII,BBa, MM . . . . . . . .. .
AnaMeTp SarOTOBKB, MM . . . . . .
'lacToTa BpameBBJI mnHUAeJIJI, OO/MBU
CpeABRJI CKOpOCTi> peaamUI, M/Mua . .
AUJIeBUe cmaTOro BosAyxa, MOa . . .
3neKTpOABDraTeJli> npuBOAa
MOmaOCTi>, KBT . . . .
'laCTOTa BpameUBJI, OO/Mua
fa6apBTBLle paSMepLl, MM
AJIBBa .
mBpBBa
BLlCOTa
Macca, Kr .
40-350
1,5-4
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150-250;
250-350
320; 160; 104,5
96; 98,4; 104.8;
0,5-0,55
1.7; 1,3; 1.0
2875; 1455;955
962
1500
1672-
785
8.3.2. MawMHbI Ami pesKM nMcToB, WHYPOB M TPy60K
,I:(JIH npoHsBoJJ;cTBa 60JILmHaCTBa pMOBblX IISAeJlHH HCnOJILsYIDT sarOTOBKB,
nOJIyqeaHble HS JIUCTOB, mnpHn;oBaHHblx Tpy60K U maYPoB paSJIII1IBblX pasMepoB
II npO HJlH. ,I:(JlH HSrOTOBJIeaBH TaKUX sarOTOBOK npUMeHHIDT MamHaLl AJIH pesKH
JlHCTOBOH pesHabl, TPy6oK, nOJloc U npo uJleB:.
MaWHBLI AU peSKH JlHCTOBOH pesHIlLi. R aron rpynne OTBOCHTCH rUJlLOTHHHye
MamHHbI nHeBMaTlI1IeCKOrO, 3JIeKTpOMeXaHH'ICCIWrO HJIH 3J1eKTporuApaBJlHqeCKOrO
JJ;eBcTBuH C HenoJJ;BumBYM HJIH aBTOMaTUqeCKU BosBpaID;aIDID,HMCH CTOJlOM. Ha TaKHX
MamUBax nOJlyqaIDT nOJIOCbI U KYCKH pesHHbI npHMoyrOJlLBOH, KBaJJ;paTHoH UJIH
pOM61111ecKoH OpMbI. R 3TOB: me rpynne npUqHc;):HIDT MamUHbI aenpepLlBHoro
JJ;eB:CTBHH C aomaMH 6apa6aaaoro THna.
B nOCJIeJJ;Bee BpeMH mHpoKoe npuMeHeHHe HaIDJIH qepBHqable MamUBbI XOJlOA-
Boro nUTaHHH. B CBHSH C 3THM MamHaoCTpOmeJlLHYe UpMY aaqaJlH BblnycKaTL
Cnen;HaJibBLJe MamUBY, paspesaIDID;He JlUCTLJ CblpOH pesuBbI (c BaJlLn;OB) Ha JleaTbI
paSJlHqaOH mupHHLl JJ;JlH nHTaHUH yKasaHBLlx MamHH. <I>HpMa «nHpeJlJlH» (I1TaJluH)
,nJlH nHTaBHH qepBHqBblX npeccoB npHMeHHeT rHJlbOTHaBblH Hom, pemYID,HH JlHCT
Ha nOnepeqBble nOJlOCbI, TaK KaK y KpOMOK JlHCTa - nooqepe,nao C OJJ;BOB H C ,npyroii
CTOpOHY - pesHaa JJ;o Koan;a ae npopesaeTcH, nOJlyqaeTCH nOJloca 6oJILmoB: JJ;JlIIJIN.
_ B CCCP peSaTeJlLBLle MamHHbI rUJlLOTIfHHoro THna BLln eHY saBoJJ;oM
HM. RpacHHa (RocTpoMa). MamUBa 548-2 npe,nHaaBaqeaa JJ;JIH peSKH KaJlaJtJJ;po-
BaaaOB: peSUBbI Ha KyCKU ,nJlUBOH OT 10 JJ;O 1500 MM. MamuBa UMeeT naeBMaTHqeCKUB:
npHBOJJ;. HHme npuBe,neBa TeXHHqeCKaH Xapal\TepHcTHKa:
PaSAfepLl KaJIaBAPOBauaoro JIIICTa, &JM
TOJIm Uaa .........
D1HpBBa . . . . . . _ . . .
CKOpOCTi> nOAa'llf JIeBTLI, Ai/MilK
qUCJIO peSOB B 1 MDB .. . . .
PaC'leTBaJi TO'lUOCTi> peaa, M)I .
AaBJIeUUe B03J\yxa B nBeBW)CnCTeMe,
MOa ............
PacxoA cmaToro Bos yxa, n!MHB
BpameuHc pYJIOBa npu paCRaTl,e
faoapllTBLle pasMepLl, MM
nnllua
mHpHoa
BLiCOTa
Macea, T
0.5-10
:;:;;620
:;:;;30
:;:;;20
:t4
0,6
200
OT JIeHTLt
TpaBcnop-
Tepa
2850
1550
1320
1.07
2.,3
MamHaa 548-2 paCC1IHTaaa aa pyqaoe H aBTOMaTH"IeCKOe ynpaBJIeaHe.
MaUlBlllol AU peso TPYOOR, lDHypOB, OOJIOC U opotuJIei. 3TH MamHBY OTJIH-
qaIDTCH 60JILmHM pasaoo6paSHeM H BynYCKaIDTCH B paSJIH"IHOM KOBCTpyKTHBBOM
HCnOJIBeBHH OTeqeCTBeaaYMH H sapy6emaLIMH saBoAaMH. ,n;JIH peSKH peSHHOBYX
Tpy60K Ha KOJILD;eBye sarOTOBKH B CCCP BynYCKaeTCH cepHH MamHB: 592-74,
-73, -72, -71, cHa6meaBYX AHCKOBYMH aomaMH, nOAaIDID;HMH II oTMepHBaIDID;BMH
MexaBHSMaMH. HHme npHBeAeBa TeXHH"IeCKaH xapaKTepHCTIIKa 3THX MamHa:
592-n 592-73 592-72 592-71
AuaMeTp paapesaeMOB
Tpy6KB, MM . . .. 14-30
BLicoTa oTpeaaeMoro
KOJlJ>lI,a, MM . . .. 1-5,5
OTKJIOBeBUe OT aaAaa-
Boro paaMepa aaro-
TOBKU, MIl :!: 0,15
n pOHaBOAB
JIi>HOCTi>,
JDT/'I . . -. . . . . 3600-5600 2900-4500 3600-5600 3096-4842
MOIII,BoCTi> 3JIeKTpo-
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fa6apBTBLle paaMepLl,
MM
AJIBBa 1080 1050 1100 1140
mBpBBa 600 870 675 1000
BLlCOTa . 1180 1380 1300 1260
Macca, Kr 388 448 425 510
,n;JI1I- o6pesaHIIH sarOTOBOK aBToKaMep saBoAoM HM. RpaCHHa BynycKaeTCH
CTaaOK rBJILOTHHHOrO TBDa HPO-4830 C nHeBMonpHBoAoM (pHC. 8.10). CTamma 1
BynOJIBeBa cBapHoii us npOKaTa. 3aroToBKu nOAaIDTCH BpyqayIO no pOJILraBry 2;
aom rHJILOTlIBY 3 npHBOAuTCH B AeiicTBHe OT DHeBMO
JIHHApa 4; yupaBJIeaHe
ABHmeaHeM aoma npOUSBOAHTCH npH nOMoID;H neAaJIB 5.
1-5,5
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70-100
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PRC. 8.10. CTaBOK HP0-4830 AJlJI 06peaKB sarOTOBOK aBTOKaMep:
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CTaBOK I1PO-4830 xapaKTepHsyeTcH CJIeAYIDID;HMH AaBHLIMH:
AuaMeTp BoaAymBoro II,BJIRBApa, MM 170
Rom rUJIi>OTBBLI, MM
pa6o'lri XOA . . 80
AJIHBa 350
PasMepLi CTOJIa, MM
AJlHBa 1800
ompBBa . . . . 800
234
AaBJIeBDe cmaToro BOa.ll;yxa, Mna .. 0.4-0,5
P aCXOA cmaToro BosAyxa Ba onepa-
UIO, JI .. . . . . . . 3,5
ra6apuTuiole paaMeplol, MM
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,D;JIJI peSKS mnpHD;OBaoooro moypa KpyrJIOro ce'leouJI AuaMeTpoM 2-2,5 M"I
UJIU KBap;paTOOro ce'leouJI paSMepOM OT 3 X 3 AO 20 x 20 MM npoMLIDmeOOOCTLIO
BhloyCKaeTCJI peSaTeJILOaJl rUJILOTUOOaJl Mailluoa 548-1 nOeBMaTH'leCKOrO AeiicTBBJI.
Mamuoa MomeT pa60TaTL C pyqOhlM yopaBJIeOUeM B B &BTOMaTH'leCKOM pe$UMe.
TeXOH'leCKaJl xapaKTepUCTBKa 3TOii MamUOM DpBBeAeoa oume:
AJIHBa OTpesaeMoi sarOTOBKH, MM
CKOpOOTI> DOA8'lU muypa, M/MHB . . . . .
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PaC'IeTBaJl TO'lBOOTI> peaa, MM
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to-1500
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2
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135
3365
1300
1300
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us BBKeJIeii U us Tpy60K. Hume opBBeAeoa I\paTKaJl xapaKTepucTuKa 3TUX arpe-
raTOB:
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, MM
C HRTepBaJIOM 0,25 MM . .
C HBTepBaJIOM 0,5 MM
06tn8JI MOIIUIOCTI> 8JIeKTpO.ll;BII-
raTeJIei, KBT .......
30-75
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0.5-10
to-50
4.5
ArperaT PKE
JJ.JIII peaK" Konel( Ha
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4-30
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peSKH 06peSHHeHHblX
TKaHe
H KOPAa
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YTKa. )J.JIJI peSKU 3TUX TKaoeii OpUMeOJlIOTCJI peaaTeJILOMe MamUOM, KOTophle M0)l(80
B aaBBCUMOCTU OT cDoc06a paCKpOJl OOApaaAeJiUTL oa ABe OCOOBOMe rpYODLI -
OpOAOJILOO-peaaTeJILOMe - pemY
Be TKaOL BAOJIL OCOOBM U AuarOOaJILOO-peaa-
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UM. RpaCHoa (ROCTpOMa), OpUMeOJleMOii B mUOOOM opOUSBoAcTBe. Pa60
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npUMeOJleTCJI AJIJI paCKpOJl Kopp;a B TKaBB oa yaKue OOJIOChI, BCOOJILayeMhle B mBO-
OOM opOHaBOACTBe AJIJI aarOTOBKB AeTaJIeD AJIJI KpMJILeB U 60PTOBhlX JIeOT. HUIKe
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UP-60 OP-68
1200 1800
100 100
npOUSBOAUTeJILBOCTL 14/'1 .....
,IJ;HaMeTp BomeK, MM . . . . . ., . .
MaRCHMaJILB8JI mHpBBa paapeaaeMoit
TRaBH, 14 ............
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mHBe, 14M . . . . . . . . . . . .
JlHHeKBaJl CKOpOCTb
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tIacToTa Bpa
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ra6apnTBiole paaMeplol, 14M
AJIHBa . 3455 3450
mllJlllBa . . . 1235 1380
BIoiCOTa 1720 1720
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npOp;OJILOO-peaaTeJILOMe MamBOhl MoryT pa60TaTL B arperaTe C KaJIaBAPOM
UJIU C OT60PO'IHMM opHcooc06JIeOHeM p;uarOOaJILOO-peaaTeJILOOD MamUOM.
Hoorp;a AJIJI paapeaaOBJI TKaou oa yaKue JIeOTO'lKB OpUMeOJllOTCJI CTaOKH,
paapeaaIOII\Ue AUCKOBMM oomOM PYJIOH TKaou Ha KOJIL
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ayeTcJI C,1[eAYIOm.uMB AaOOMMB:
npOBSBOABTeJILBOCTb, mT/'1 .
PasMeploI PYJIOBa TKaIlB, 14M
ABaMeTp .......
mupuBa . . . . . . . . .
BIoICOTa BapesaeMIoIX ROJIe
, MIl
,IJ;uaMeTp mnHBAeJIJI,)Of . . . . . .
tJaCTOTa Bpa
eBWI mnBBAeJIJI, 06/MBB
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tJaCTOTa Bpa
eBJJJI Boma, 06/MUB
npHBOA (MOTOp-peAYRTOp)
0.65
40-205
0,65
20-210
20
30
3400
2830
U
0,6
120
100-160
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35
187
270
222
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MP A-if 160
2,2
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BOCn. 8JIeRTpOABlII'aTeIDI, RBT
'1aCTOTa Bpa.m;eBIDI BIoIXOABoro BaJIa,
06/MUB ..............
ra6apBTHLIe paaMeplol, MM
AJIUBa . 2183
mupHBa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 780
BIoiCOTa ............... 1335
Macca. Kr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 470
AUarOBaJlbUo-pesaTeJILUhle arperaTLI B MaJDBULI AJIJI paCKpOJl oopeaBBeuuhlx TRa-
Hel H TeKCTBJILUOrO Kopp;a. )J.JIJI paCKpOJl 06peauoeoohlx TKaoeD oa OOJIOCLI oooepeK
OCOOBM UJIU OOA paaoMMH yrJIaMU J( OBTJlM OCOOBhI UJIB yTKa, KaK yme yKaaMBaJIOCL
BMme, OpHMeOJlIOTCJI MamDBM, BaBeCTOMe oop; 06m.uM oaaBaoueM ABarOOaJILOO-pe-
aaTeJILObIX Mamuo. PaaJIH'laIOT ropBaOOTaJiLOMe U BepTBKaJILOMe AuarOOaJILOo-pe-
aaTeJILObIe MamuoM, a DO POAY paapeaaeMoro MaTepUaJIa - MaDIIIOM AJIJI paCKpOJl
237
160
06peaBBeBBMX TKaHeB B TeKCTBJILBOrO KOpp;a U MamUBLI AJIJI paCKpOJl MeTaJIJIo-
KOPAa.
A r per a T M C r 0 p H a 0 H T a JI L B M M B P; H a rOB a JI L B o-p e a a-
T e JI L B M M B M a m U B a M B C A H C K 0 B M M B B 0 m a M iii. B BaCTOJllI\ee
BpeMJI OTe'leCTBeBBaJl OpOMLUDJIeBBOCTL U aapy6emHhle cIIupMhI Bl>loycKaIOT p;uaro-
BaJiLBO-peaaTeJILBMe MamBBM B BUAe arperaToB, KOTophle OOMHMO c06CTBeBBo
AUarOBaJiLBO-peaaTeJILBOii MamHBM Toro HJIH BBoro Tuoa BKJIIO'IaIOT KOMoeBcaTop
C paCKaTO'lBMM YCTPOBCTBOM H 0YJILT yopaBJIeBBJI. ArperaTM 6MBaIOT C pyqul>lM
ynpaBJIeBUeM, a TaKme OOJIyaBTOMaTB'IeCKOro BJIH aBTOMaTH'leCKOrO AeiicTBIIJI.
B aaBUCBMOCTH OT BaaBa'leBBJI aaKpaBBaeMhlx HaAeJIltii B xapaKTepa paape-
aaeMoii TKaBB AUarOBaJiLBO-peaaTeJILBMe arperaTbI BhloycKaIOTcJI paaBLIx KOB-
CTPYKD;HB C paaJIH'lBhlMH yrJIaMB paCKpOJl: P;JIJI paCKpOJl TKaBeB U TeKCTHJILBOrO
KOPAa Ba OOJIOCM C yrJIOM paCKpOJl OT 0 AO 45 0 U OT 60 p;o 80 0 DO OTBomeBUIO K BHTJlM
YTKa, B TOM 'IUCJIe MamHBM, opep;BaaBa'leBBMe AJIJI paCKpOJl MeTaJIJIOKOPABoro
OOJIOTBa C yrJIaMU paCKpOJl OT 60 AO 80 0 U OT 0 AO 60 0 (yroJI, 06paSOBaHHLti JIBBHeii
pea a H oepoeHAUKYJIJlpOM K BaOpaBJIeBUIO BUTei OCBOBI>I), npHMeHJleMLIX B mDBax
THO a P.
HHme opUBep;eBa TeXBB'IeCKaJl xapaKTepUCTHR8 ropBaOBTaJILBMX AUarOBaJiLBO-
peaaTeJILBMX arperaTOB Tpex TUOOB, BMOYCKaeMMX OTe'leCTBeBBoi OpOMl>lmJIeB-
BOCTLIO, AJIJI paCKpOJl TeKCTUJILBOrO KOPAa H TKaBH:
Tun .n;HarOHaJILBo-peSaT8JILHOii Ma-
mHBIoI
HaH60JILmaJi mHpHHa paapeaae-
Moro DOJIOTBa, MM
illHpBBa oTp8saeMIoIX DOJIOC, MM
D8pBOe BCDOJIBeHHe
BTOp08 HCDOJIB8BH8 . . . . .
Pa60'lQJI CKOpOCTb TpaHCDOpTepa,
M/MBB
OCHOBHaJi .. .
AOBOAO'lBaJi . .
{{HMO peSOB B 1 MUB DpB IIUIpJlH8
oTpesaeMlolx nOJIOC
.n;o 1200 &1M . . . . .
AO 4000MM . . . . . . . . .
TO'lHOCTL pesa, MM . . . . . . .
YrOJI . peaa (DO OTHomeBBIO K aB-
TJlY ytKa) , rpa.n;yciol . . . . . .
{{aCtoTa Bpam;eBIIJI Boma. 06/0B
3JIeKTpo.n;BHraTeJIL DpBBoAa
KapeTRH Boma
MomHocTb, RBT .
'1aCTOTa Bpam;eBHJI, 06/MRB
Boma
MOm;aOCTb, KBT
'1aCTOTa Bpam;eHHH, 06/MUB
TpaBcDopTepa
THD
MOm;BOcTb, KBT .
'1aCtoTa Bpam;eBRH, 06/0B
DpHBo.n;a TpaHCnOpTepa DPH
AOBoARe mHpBBIol oTp8aaeMoii
DOJIOCIol
Mom;HOcTL, RBT .
ArperaT
180-01 *
APM-586-8
1650
180-4000
180-1200
45.4
1.55
16-18
8
:t2
0-45
2830
1.7
930
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2830
MTKM-1H-6
2.2
895
1,1
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180-0 lA ** pesa
1WI Ma-
IDDRa 586-6
APM-586-8
1650
180-4000
180-4000
45.4
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16-18
8
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2830
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50-630
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4450
1
860
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870
1
* paCKaTKa C PYJlORa.
** PaCKaTKa 0 HapeTOK.
*** Dp" yrJle paclfpoll 80 0 - 2,5 pesa 1 MUR, a np. yrJle paCHpOIl 60 0 - 5 peaoe B
1 MDR.
238
MexaBHSHa DOBOpOTa WIaro-
HaJIH
HO
OCTL, RBT . . U 1.1
pacRaTRH
HO
OCTb, RBT . . 4.5 4.5
ra6apBTBiole pasMeplol, MM * 16130
16130 15500
AJIHHa . 13630 I3630
4360 2800 2000
mHpHBa 2360 4360
2940 2800 2000
BIoiCOTa 2940 2800
Macca, T * 10.59 9.24 6.83
10]9 9.00
* auaqemm B 'IIICJIIlTeJIe OTBOCIITCII H nepBOII}' IICDOJISemuo, B auaMeaaTeJIe - KO UTO-
PONY.
H3 opHBeAeOOMX p;aOOMX BUP;HO, 'ITO B arperaTaX P;JIJI paCKpOJl TKaoeii B TeK-
CTUJILHOrO Kopp;a opBMeORIOTCR ABa Tuoa ropB300TaJiLOldX ABarOOaJILOO-peaaTeJIL-
OhlX MamBO. B arperaTLI 180-01 U 18o-01A BXOP;UT MamBOa ,IJ.PM-586-8 BMeCTO
paoee BbIDycKaBmeiicR MamBOhI ,D;pr-59, a B arperaT 586-6 - MamBoa ,IJ,PM-586-6
BMeCTO paoee BLloycKaBmeBcn MamUOLl )J.pr-62.
Ha pUC. 8.12 OOKaaao 0611\Hi BHP; arperaTa 180-G1A. 3TOT arperaT OTJIH'IaeTCJI
OT aOaJIOfH'lOOrO arperaTa 180-01 TOJILKO paCKaTO'lOhlM YCTpoiicTBOM. Ha arperaTe
180-G1A TKaHL DpBHHMaIOT C KapeTOK; B COCTaB arperaTa BXOABT paCKaTO'lOLlii
CTaOOK PT-3 (HP01312), B TO BpeMR KaK arperaT 180-01 opep;Oa30a'leO P;JIJI paCKpOJl
TRaou C pyJIOoa U yKOMOJIeKTOBao paCKaTO'lOLlM YCTpoiicTBOM 950-01. 06a arperaTa
BMeIOT B CBoeM COCTaBe OABOoeTJIeBOi KOMoeocaTOp 951-01 H 6a3upYIOTCJI oa ro-
pH300TaJiLOOB P;lJarOOaJILOo-pe3aTeJILOOB MamBoe ,D;PM-586-8.
YKa3aoohle arperaThI opep;Oa30a'leOM AJIJI pa60TM C aBTOPtfaTB'IeCKBM ynpa-
BJIeHBeM U paCCtIJlTaHLt oa pacKpoii TKaoei C MaKCDMaJiLOoii mupHooB 1650 MM;
yrOJi paCKpOJl MomeT B3MeOJITLCR OT 0 AO 45 0 DO OTHomeouIO K OHTJlM yTKa.
B arperaT 180-G1A BXOAHT pOJILraOr 1 (CM. pUC. 8.12), oa KOTOpMB CTaBHTCJI
KapeTKa C pacKpaBBaeMoi TKaOLIO; p;Ba paCKaTO'lOLlX CTaOKa 2, OPHBOAUMMX B Aeii-
CtBue OT 3JIeKTpOABBraTeJIei 3; OJIaT4JoPMa 4 P;JIJI 06CJIymHBaoBJI paCKaTO'lOhlX
CTaOKOB; KOMDeOCaTOp 5 C OaOpaBJIRIOII\BMH pOJIHKaMB 6; OpHeMHhle TpaocnopTephl
7, OpHBOAJlII\BeCJI B ABBmeOBe OT rJIaBOOrO opHBop;a 9 ABarOOaJILOO-peaaTeJILOoi
MamUOM 12 'Iepe3 pep;yKTop 8.
TKaHL TpaocoopTepaMH 7 OpJilBIDfaeTCJI C KOMoeocaTopa 5 U nOp;aeTCJI HMU oa
OCOOBHOii JIeHTO'lOMii TpaocnopTep 17, COCTOJlII\UB BS BOCLMB TpaocnopTepBhlX
JIeOT mupHooii 200 MM Kamp;aJl. ,D;JIR JIY'lmero aaXBaTa TKaOB OCOOBHMM Tpaocoop-
TepOM ooa opHmUMaeTCJI K BeMY pOJIJilKOM 10. TpaocoopTepBhle JIeOTM OaTJlrU-
BaIOTCR OaTJlmOMM yCTpoiicTBOM 11. OCOOBBOi TpaocoopTep OpUBOABTCR B P;BB-
meoue OT opUBOAa 9, COCTOJlD\ero U3 P;BYX 3JIeKTpOp;BBraTeJIeii C pep;yKTopaMH,
nOAKJIIO'IeOOhlMH C P;BYX CTOpOO K BeAYlI\eMY 6apa6aoy TpaocoopTepa. OAUO B3
3JIeRTpOABBraTeJIeii 06eCDe'lUBaeT OOpMaJiLOyro pa60'lYIO CKOpOCTL TpaOCDopTepa.
a BTOpoii - aaMep;JIeHOYIO OpH AOBop;Ke mHpDHLI OTpe3aeMoii OOJIOCId P;O aaAaOOOfO
pa3Mepa.
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KapeTKe; oom OpHBOAUTCJI B ABumeoue OT 3JIeKTpOABUraTeJIJI H Bpall\aeTCJI C 'Ia-
CTOTOi 2830 06/MBO. KapeTKa oepeMell\aeTCJI DO AuarOOaJIH 14, KOTOpaJl OpHBO-
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Bii: I - rOJIOBOaJl, II -
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Tephl, KaK U ocooBooii, COCTOJIT BS BOCLMB TpaocoopTepOLIX JIeOT mupBooi 200 MPt{
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IUI ropnsoBTaJIbHoii ABaroB8J1LHo-peS8TeJ1ltBoii MaIlUlBIol APM-586-8:
1 - CTaBBHa; S - CTOJI; a - HanpaBJIlUOll\ll1t 6apa6aB; 4 - Be.D.YJWIIt 6apa6aH; S - npHBOJ1; 6 - npHeMHWe
1'paBCOOpTepw; '1 - mecrepeBQaTWIt Pe.D.yJITOP; 8 - BaTn)f(Holt
6apa6aH; 9 - npuaaumolt POJIHH; 10 - HaTII)f(-
Hall CTa 8ItH1i.
OCOOBooro TpaHCDOpTepa 'Ie pes meCTepeO'laTMH peAyKTop 7 C P;BYMJI BLlXOP;OMMH
monOp;CJIJlMU AJIJI DpBBop;a nUTaTeJILOhlX TpaHtmopTepoB B OP;OHM BMXOAOMM
mOUOAeJIeM P;JIH opUBOAa BeAY
ero oapa6aoa OCOOBooro TpancoopTepa. Ha ro-
JIOBOoii ceKD;UH AHarOOaJILOO-pe3aTeJILOOD MamBOhl CMOOTupOBaHa TaKme OaTJlmOaJl
CTaOD;DJI 10 P;JIJI OaTJlrBBaOBJI TpaHcoopTepoLIx JIeHT OCHOBooro TpaBcoopTepa.
TRaoL, oop;aBaeMaJl OUTaTeJILOMMB TpaocoopTepaMu, oooaAaeT oa OCHOBooi
TpaocoopTep B opHmHMaeTCJI K oeMY opBmBMoMM POJIUKOM 9 (CM. pUC. 8.13).
Humoue JIeOTM TpaHcDopTepa CXOAJlT C BeAOMoro oapa6aoa 20 (CM. pHC. 8.12),
OOBpaIOTCJI oa pRA opOMemYT0'lHMX pOJIBKOB B, oruoaJl OaOpaBJIJlIOlI\Bi 6apaoaH 3
(CM. pnc. 8.13), OOP;XOP;1IT K Bell.y
eMY 6apa6aoy 4.
CpeAHJIJI CeKl\l'IJ1 II MamUllhI yCT
OOBJIeOa oa cBapooii CTaBlIHe, oa ItoTOpoii
paCDOJIOmeO CTOJI 2 HS JIUCTOBOH CTaJiH. CTOJI OOA)J.ep)KUBaeT TpaocoopTepHble
JIeOThI oa 3TOM
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rOOaJIL MomeT 6MTL OpB 8'0111011\0 3JIeKTpOABBraTeJIJI B BBHTa OOCTaBJlena DOA yrJIo:\1
OT 0 AO 45° K OaOpaBJICOBIO OUTeH YTl\3 TItaOB. B cpeAoeii ceK
HH MaIDBHLT paCDO-
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BaIOlD;ee TpaOCOOpTep BO BpeMJI pesa.
PaspesaooaJl TKaOL nOCTYoaeT oa opoMemyTO'l0YIO I II U XBOCTOSYIO IV ceK-
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APM-586-8:
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OCT
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'IHKOM oaXOAHTCH OTpesaooaH OOJIOca TKaou.
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BbInOJIOeHa H3 mBeJIJIepOB, coep;HoeOOMX DO KOOl\aM KOChlOKaMH DPB DOMO
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3BeSAO'lKa 3, a TaKil,e OaOpaBJIJlIOlI\ue SBe3AO'lKB 2 H 12, no lWTOpLlM ABBmeTCJI
DJiaCTHO'laTaJl D;eOL 7 C marOM t = 12,5 MM, DpHBOAJI
aJl B p;BHmeHBe KapeTKY 6.
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mKHB 13, maTYH 10 H 3Y6'1aTYIO peiiKY 9. nOCJIeAHJlH BpalD;aeT 3Be3AO'lKY 11 'Iepea
meCTepoIO, OaXOp;HII\YIOCJI B 3al\eOJIeOUH C peiiKoii. RpHBomHooo-maTYlIoMH
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a
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Pacl,paBBaeMaH TKaOL ABH)KeTCH DO CTOJIy cpcAoeii CeKI\HU MamBOhl If B MeCTa
opoxoAa OOA p;HarOOaJILIO Dop;OBMaeTCJI CTaJiLOOB OaDpaBJIHIO
eii JIeoToii 5, DO
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pOBaB OpHBOA OOBopOTBoro MeXaBUSl\1a ABarOBaJiH - 3JIeKTpOABUraTeJIL 18 H pe-
P;yKTOp 19. Rooel\ ):{HarOOaJIH OOHpaeTCJI pOJIBKOM 16 oa OaOpaBJIHIOII\YIO OOJIOCY 17,
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16* 243
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PUC. 8.16. PacRaTO'IBIoIi CT8IIOK PT-3:
1 - CTaBltBa; 2 - BepURR Jma'l'llloPMa: 8 - eaelCTPOABIII'aT8Jl&; 4 - lUDtRopell8BR811 aepeAaqa: IS - Pe.IIYR-
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nepeMelD;eooe CTOJIa B OpHBOP; MexaooaMa c6poca OCYlI\eCTBJlJleTCJI ooeBMOD;H-
JIDBP;pOM 22. B08BpaT CTOJIa B Hcxop;aoe 00JI01lCeOHe Op008BOP;OTCH npymHooii Mexa-
ooaMa BOaBpaTa. OT60pO'lOLlii TpaocoopTep 23 caMOCTOJITeJILOOrO opOBOAa oe HMeeT;
OpOBOP;OTCJI B p;BomCOHe
eoooB oepep;a'leii OT KaJIaOp;pa OaOJIJlD;HD KpOMKH.
IIPOBOP;ROii oapa6ao TpaocoopTepa cp;eJIao pa8p;BOmOhIM, 'ITO nOaBOJIJleT
CHoxpOHHaHpOBaTL JIHoeiioylO CKOpOCTL TpaocoopTepa co CKOpOCTLIO oT60pa
COCTLlKOBaOOLlX aarOTOBOK B KOMoeocaTOp.
MamHoa MomeT pa60TaTL KaK B OOTO'lOOB aBTOMaTll'leCKOii JlOOOH, TaK 0 oa
OTp;eJILOLlX OOepaD;HJlX. Bce yopaBJIeOOe MamHBoii COCpe,ll;OTO'leOO oa oyJILTe
ynpaBJIeOHJI.
IIpOO
OHaJiLOall cxeMa aapy6emooii peaaTeJILOOB MaIDlIHLI P;JIJI MeTaJJJIO-
Kopp;a OOKaaaoa oa pOC. 8.20. PemYlI\ee YCTPOBCTBO 7 oaXOp;HTCJI aa OO,!l;aIOIl(HM
250
TpaocnopTepOM 5. OTpesaBBLle OOJIOCbI MeTaJIJIOKOpp;a opHBBMaIOTCII aa KOSbI-
peK 8 YCTpoiicTBa 9 P;JIJI aBTOMaTB'leCKOrO oT60pa B OOp;aIOTCJI K SaKaTO'IBOMY
CTaOKY 10.
TeXOH'IeCKaJl xapaKTepHCTBKa p;BarOOaJILOO-peSaTeJILBLlX MamllB P;JIJI MeTaJIJlO-
Kopp;a, BLloycRaeMLlx OTe'leCTBeOHLtPtfH aaBOAaMB, npBBep;eoa B TaOJI. 8.2.
Ta6AU/fa 8.2. TeXBll'lecRall xapaJCTepBCTBRa
aroBanBo-peaaTeJIbB"x MamHR
JIII paCRpoll lIeTaUOROp
a, BYOYCRaellfblx ore'lecTBeBBY_ aaBo
a...
PaspesaeMoe DOJIOTBO
.' Me'laJlJIOKOp
a, 101
lIau60JlbmaR IDIIpDBa
Bau60JIbmali 'lO
II-
sa . . . . . . . . .
Yron pacKpoll, rpa,vcloI
mUpBBa oTpeaaeMiolx Bo-
noc, 101M
HaKCJlMaJIbBall . . .
IoIUBDMaJIbBali ...
'IucJlo
BoiiBIolX XOAOB
DOAaIOm;eii KapeTKIl B
1101I1B........
'tIuCJIO pesoB B 1 MUll
CKOpOCTb ABumeBDIi uo-
7KeBoii KapeTKU, M/M1lIU
3JJeKTpOABnraTeJIB DPB-
Bo.w;a .
KapeTKD uoma TUD
MOm;UOCTb, KBT
'1aCTOTa Bpam;e-
UUII, 06/MJ/JU . .
DOAaIOm;eii KapeTKB
TUB. . . . . .
Mom;UOCTb, KBT
1JaCTOTa Bpam;e-
DII, 06/MUB
MexaBusMa BaCTpOBKD
BeJIB1JDBIol Uo
a'1B
TUU . . . . . .
MOm;UOCTb, KBT
1JaCTOTa Bpam;e-
BUH, 06/MUB . .
MexaUD3Ma nOBOpOTa
AHarOUaJIB
TUB. . . . . .
MOIl\BOCTb. RBT
'1aCTOTa npam;e-
BUH, o6/MDU . .
ra6apuTBbIe pasMeplol. 11M
JIBBa .
mupuua
BLlcOTa
Macca. T
252
fl86-'1 I fl68-fl.
(,I(PMM-O-60) (,I(PMM-60-80)
1500
2.5 :t 0.5
0-62
1000
35
15
5
30
AOC-41-4
1.7
1300
AOC-41-4
1.7
1300
T51/t6-4
2
0,55/3.5
340/1400
AOC-42-4
2,8
1300
12 000
4460
2400
9.8
600
2,5 :t 0.5
60-SO
1000
S5
15
3,5-6.6
30
A0C2-22-4
2
1.6
1300
AOC2-31-4
2
3
1365
T51/16-4
2
0.55/3.5
340/1460
AOC-31-4
2
3
1365
10325
3100
1735
7,71
JlT-11f19
800
3
0-60
1000
35
22
7..-8
54
AOC2-31-4
2
2,2
1430
AOC2-42-4
2
2.7
900
T51/6-4
2
0,55/3.5
340/1400
A0C2-31-4
2
3
1365
8800
4000
1680
8.2
JilT-it 5 ,
800
3
60-80
1000
35
22
,
54
AOC2-31-4
2
3
1365
AOC2-82-6G1A
2.7
900
T51/6-4
2
0.55/3,5
340/1.460
A0C2-31-4
2
3
i365 .
10800
4700
1680
10.53
8.3.5. npOH3BoAHTenbHocTb pe3aTenbHblX MaWHH
npOBSBOp;HTeJILOOCTL p;BarOOaJILOO-peaaTeJILHLtX MamBO saBBCHT OT CKOpOCTH
peSKB ('IIiICJIa peSOB B 1 MIDI) H CKOpOCTH OOp;a'lH TKaOB. CKOpOCTL peSKH oopep;e-
JIJleTCJI mBpHBoi OTpesaeMLlX OOJIOC TKaOH. rOpB300TaJiLOall MamBoa, oaopHMep,
MOmeT p;enaTL p;o 25 pesoB/MBO DPH mHpllBe OTpesaeMLlX OOJIOC P;O 1100 MM B p;o
18 pesoB/MIIB OpB paCKpoe TKaOH oa 60JIee IDBpOKBe nOJIochI. npaKTH'leCKH opo-
BSBOAHTeJILOOCTL MamHOLl MeOlome, TaK KaK ooa saBBCHT OT CKOpOCTH oT60pa
oapesaeMLlX OOJIOC. I
,D;JIII oopep;eJIeOBH oe06xop;BMoro 'IBCJIa peSaTeJILOLlX MamBO Q nOJILSYIOTCJI
CJIeAYIO
ei 4JoPMYJIoi:
Q
p
n . 1460 . 1)
r
e P - BOTpe6Boe 1JBCJIO BOJlGe (peaOB) B CYTKB; n - DpOBSBOABTeJIloBOCTIo MaDlBBlol (1JIICJIO'
peaOB) B 1 MBB; 1460 - ROJIB"IeCTBO pa601JBX MBBYT B CyTKB; 1) - Ro3lW>
BeBT BCDOJlLSOBaBBIi
MaDBIBBOrO BpeMeBB, paBBWi 0,9-0,95.
8.4. 3AKA TOLlHblE CT AHKH
,D;JIJI oT60pa OOJIOC TKaOH OT peSaTeJILOLlX MamDB OpBMeOJlIOTCJI SaKaTO'lBLle
CTaOKH pasJIB'looi KOOCTpyKD;HB. 3aBop; cKysDOJIHMepMam» BLloycKaeT 3aKaTO
HLte
CTaOKB HPO-1612 B HPO-1720.
3aHaTo
oLli CTaOOK HPO-1612 opep;oasoa'leo P;JIJI saKaTKB pacKpoeooLlx
TKaoel. 3TOT CTaOOK OpOCT DO YCTpoiicTBY H yp;ooeo B 3KCOJIyaTaD;HH. 00 COOO'OBT
HS Tpex 'IacTeii: CTOJIa, paCKaTO'looi CTOBKB H opBBop;a. CTaOOK 06CJIymBBaeTCJI
P;By:MliI pa60'IHMH. HBme opBBeAeoa TeXOB'leCKaJl xapaKTepHCTHKa CTaOKa HPO-1612:.
MaRCRMaJIIoR811 mBpBBa TRaBII, M .
PaaMeplol 606HBIoI, MM
D;BaMeTp . . . . . . . . . .
,ll;JIBBa . . . . . . . . . . .
ABaMeTp PYJIOBa TRan, MM .
Hau60JILDIali ,ll;JlBRa saRaTIolBaeMOH
TRaUB, M. . . . . . . . .
CROpOCTIo SaRaTRB, M/MJIB
MO
UOCTIo 3JIeRTpOABlU"aTeJlII, RBT
ra6apBTBiole paSMeplol, MM
,ll;JIBBa .
mBpHBa
BIoiCOTa
Macca, Rr
1550
200
1600
700
177
10-30
5,6
3230
1310
1700
935
4ACTb STOPAB
060PY .n.OBAH
E W
HHOrO npO
3BO.n.CTBA
illHBooe OpOBaBOp;CTBO BKJIIO'IaeT BarOTOBJIeOHe aBTOM06BJILOhIX, aBBan;HOII-
'HhlX, p;opOmOO-CTpOHTeJILOhIX, CeJIItCKoxOsJliicTBeOOHX, MOTOn;HKJleTOhIX B BeJIo-
cuneAHLtX OOeBMaTB'leCKHX mHII paaJIB'lOhIX TBOOB H paaMepOB. 060PYP;OBaOHe P;JIJI
nop;rOTOBKB HBrpep;HeOTOB, OJiaCTHKa
KayqyKa B opHrOTOBJIeHHJI peaHOOBhlX
oCMeceii OOBcaoo B oepBoii 'IaCTH KOBrB, n03TOMY oepexop;HM cpaay me K paCCMOTpe-
OHIO HamHB B aonapaTOB, OpHMeOJleMhIX P;JIJI H3rOTOBJIeOBJI nOKphImeK.
r nASA 9
MAWHHbl H AnnAPA Tbl .o.nfl H3rOTOSnEHHfI
.D.ET AnEA nOKPblWEK
9.1. ArPErATbl H nOT04HblE nHHHH
p,MI H3rOTosnEHHfI npOTEKTOPOB
B OaCTOJlm.ee BpeMJI opoTeKTophI opoBaBOp;HTCJI oa 'IepBH'IObIX MamHBax.
llpB mopHn;eBaoBB (3KcTpyaHB) aOnBTeJILHO YJIyqmaeTcJI Ka'leCTBO opoTeKTopoB -
nOBhImaeTCH TO'lOOCTL BarOTOBJIeOllJl, BoapacTaeT OJIOTOOCTL aarOTOBOJ(, p;OCTBraeTCJI
. JlY'lmaJl rOl.tOreOOOCTL. KpOMe Toro, 'IepBJI'IOhIe MamDBhI KOMoaKToee, 60JIee YA060hI
B 3KCOJIyaTan;HB, 'IeM KaJIaOp;phI, iii p;JIJI BX 06CJIymHBaoBJI Tpe6yeTcJI MeHLmee
'IHCJIO JIIOp;eii:.
B COCTaB COBpeMeOOhlX YCTaOOBOK P;JIJI HarOTOBJIeOHII opOTeKTopOB BXOP;IIT:
op;oa BJIH p;Be 'IepBJI'IHLte MamHHbI, KOOBeBep AJIJI oopep;eJIeOBJI MaCChI mnpBn;yeMoB
JIeOThI (oaahIBaeMhIB «BeCOB3MepHTeJILOhIM»), Hoorp;a KaJIaOp;p P;JIJI OaKJIap;KB
lIap;6peKepooii peaBOhI, YCTPOBCTBO P;JIJI mepOXOBKH B opOMaaKB KJIeeM, CYWHJIKa,
OXJI&p;HTeJILOaH Baooa, oom P;JIJI peSKII opOTeKTopOOB JIeOThI, 06P;YBO'l00e YC'I'pOB-
CTBO P;JIJI yp;aJIeOBJI BJiarH B pOJILraOr P;JIJI OJ(OH'laTeJILOOrO oopep;eJIeOBJI MaCChI
opOTeKTopa (oaahIBaeMhIB «BeCOBhIM»).
n pB BhInYCKe opOTeKTopa Ba P;BYX peaBO YCTaOaBJIHBaIQT p;Be 'IepBJI'IOhIe
MamHHhI. llpOTeKTOp, COCTOJl
Hii Ba P;BYX peaBO, OOJIyqaIOT MeTop;OM p;y6JIBpOBaOBII
HJIB BLIAaBJIBBaOBeM 'Iepea OP;oy 06m.yIO rOJIOBKY.
llpB op;OOBpeMeHOOM OOJIyqeoHH opOTeKTopa C Oop;opOTeKTopohIM CJIOeM,
oaahIBaeMhIM p;aJIee Oop;opOTeKTopOM (oap;6peKepHLtM CJIOeM), B COCTaB arperaTa
BXOP;HT TpeXBaJiKOBbIii KaJIaOp;p.
OTe'leCTBeOOhIMB aaBop;aMH ceplliioo BhIOYCKaIOTCJI TPB TBoa npOTeKTOpBhIX
.arperaTOB: HP¥-16A, 592-57 H 592-16. ArperaThI 592-57 B 592-16 OCOall\eOhI
254
YCTaBOBKaMB nQM-20Of200 B nQM-25Of200 COOTBeTCTBeBBO, COCTOJlII\HMIiI Ba P;BYX:
'IepBJI'IBLlX MamHB, pa60TaIO
HX BaBCTpe'IY p;pyr p;pyry Ba OABY OO
YIO npOTeKTOp-
BYIO rOJIOBKY, H MoryT BLlnycKaTIo aarOTOBKB npOTeKTOpa Ba P;BYX peao HJIH liIa.
P;BYX 'IacTeii. Arperam BKJIIO'IaIOT B ce611 TaKme npOTeKTopBLIii KaJIaBp;p 3-500-1200'
P;JIJI BaJIOmeBBJI oop;npOTeKTopBoro CJIOJl.
ArperaT BPY-t6A. Ha pBc.9.1 OOKaaaBa cxeMa OpOTeKTOpHOro arperaTa
HPY-16A C P;BYMII nOCJIeAOBaTeJILBO YCTaBOBJIeBBLlMH 'IepBJI'IBLlMB MamBBaMH 2
B 5. nOCJIep;OBaTeJILBOCTL ooepa
ii nOBIITBa Ba pBC. 9.1. HHme Op1lBeAeBO KpaTKOe
OOHcaBBe OCBOBBLIX YCTpoiicTB H oplilcooc06JIeBHB, YCTaBOBJIeBBLIX B nOTO'lBOi
JIBBHB.
K 0 M 0 e B caT 0 p. ,D;JIII peryJIHpOBaBBJI CKopOCTeii 'IepBJPlBLlX opeCCOB
OpB HX paap;eJILBOii YCTaBOBKe CJIymBT KOMneBcaTOp 18.
)J; Y 0 JI B P 0 B 0 'I B 0 e 0 p BCD 0 C 0 6 JI eBB e. OCBOBBOB 'IaCTLIO aTOI'O
OpHcooc06JIeBHII IIBJIlleTCII P;Y6JIDPOBO'lBLlB BaJIBK, COCTOII
B Ha Baoopa KOJIe
DOMem;eBBLlX Ba CTepmBe, ABaMeTp KOToporo MeBLme p;HaMeTpa OTBepCTHii KOJIe
.
n03TOMY KOJILn;a MoryT CB060ABO oepeMe
aTLCJI DO BepTHRaJiB OTBOCBTeJILBO ;S;Pyr'
P;Pyra B aaBHCHMOCTH OT opocllDJIJI npoTeKTopBoB JIeBTLI.
K 0 B T P 0 JI L B LI e B e C LI yCTaBOBJIeBLI oop; BeCOBLlM TpaBcoopTepOM'
opOTeKTopBoii JIHBBH, CJIymaT P;JIJI BenpepLlBooro oopep;eJIeBHJI M8CCLI opOTeKTOp-
Boii JIeBTLI. MaKCHMaJiLBOe OTKJIOBeBHe OT aaAaSBoii MaCCLI :!: 1,2 Kr. OTKJIOSeBJIe
CTpeJiKH OT BYJIJI OaBa'laeT, 'ITO Macca 1 M opoTeKTopBoB JIeBTLI Be COOTBeTcTByeT
sap;8BBOB BeJIB'IBBe. npB 3TOM aarOpaeTCJI CBrBaJiLBaH JIaMOa, YKaSLlBaJOlI\aJl
Ba Be06xOABMOCTL KoppeKTBpOBKIiI TOJIII\BBLI BLlnYCKaeMoii JIeBTLI. 3TB BeCLI MorYT
6L1TL HCOOJIL30BaBLI AJIJI aBTOMaTB'IeCKOrO perYJIHpOBaSBJI M8CCLI JIeBTLI: 'Iepea-,
3JIeKTpOBBoe YCTpoiicTBO OBD aaMep;JIRIOT BJIB YCKOpJlIOT p;BBmeBBe BLlTHruBaIO
er0
TpaBcoopTepa.
Y cap; 0 'I B hI ii P 0 JI L r a B r. ,D;JIJI OOeCne'l6BBJI cTa6BJILBOCTB paaMepOB
OOJIyqaeMoro opOTeKTopa JIeBTa OOABepraeTCJI ycap;Ke. 3Ta OOepan;BJI OCYII\e-
CTBJIlleTCJI Ba ycaAo'lBOM pOJILraBre 12, COCTOlIlI\eM Da pJlp;a pOJIBKOB (06L1'1BO
'IBCJIO pOJIHKOB - 19) paSJIH'lBOrO p;DaMeTpa. )J;BaMeTp nepBoro pOJIBKa 120 )1M,
OOCJIe,&Bero - 93 MM. OKPY)l(Ball CKOpOCTL oepBoro pOJIJilKa paBHa CKOpOCTB
BeCOBoro TpaBCDopTepa, CKOpOCTIo me Kamp;oro OOCJIeP;YIOII:\ero pOJIBKa MeBLme
opep;LlP;YII\ero B peaYJILTaTe Toro, 'ITO p;JIlIBa ero oKPymBocTB MeOLme Ba 4 MM
('IaCTOTa Bpa
eBHJI Bcex pOJIDKOB Op;BBaKOBaJl).
YCTpOBCTBO P;JIJI mepOXOBKB B npOMaaKH KJIeeM
o p.o T e K TOp B 0 ii JI e B T LI. npOTeKTopLl Ba CBBTeTJiI'IeCKBX KayqyKOB.
OTJIH'IaIOTCJI BBaKoii KJIeBKOCTLIO, n03TOMY P;JIJI OOBLlDIeB1lJl BX Cn;eDJIJleMOCTB
C KapKaCOM iii 6peKepoM OOKpLIDIKB opOTeKTopBYIO JIeUTY oop;BepraIOT mepOXOBKe
B opOM8aKe KJIeeM. YCTpOBCTBO 13 P;JIJI mepOXOBKB B opOMaSKB KJIeeM opoTeKTop-
BOB JIeBTLI COCTOBT B OCBOBBOM Ba mepOXOBaJiLBOrO BaJIBKa p;BaMeTpOM 250 MM
C HBABBBp;yaJILSLIM 3JIeKTpOp;BBraTeJIeM, opOMaaO'lBOrO BaJIJilKa p;BaMeTpOM 250 MM,
KOTOpLlB Bpa
aeTCJl C 'IaCTOToii 15 OO/MDB, 11 BaBBLI C KJIeeM. Ha nOBepXHOCTB
mepOXOBaJiLBOrO BaJIHK8 aaKpeDJIeBa Kapp;OJIeBTa. ,D;JIJI YJIyqmeBIiIJI mepo-
XOBKB npOTeKTOpSaJl JIeBTa opBmBMaeTCJI K BaJIBKy CBCTeMOB opBmBMBLlX
ABCKOB.
CymKa KJIell opOBaBop;HTCH B Boap;ymBoii cymHJIKe 14 OpB 50 °C. BeBTHJIRTOp
cymBJIKB paaOaBJIJleT oapLl 6eBaBHa Boap;YXOM p;o 6eaooacBoii KOBn;eBTpa
BB.
BLlTRmuoB BeBTBJIIITOp p;OJImeB 6L1TL C6JIOKBpOBaB C 3JIeKTpOp;BBraTeJIeM 'IepBJI'IBOB
MamDBLI TaK, 'IT06L1 B CJIyqae OCTaBOBKB BeBTBJIJlTOpa aBTOMaTH'leCKB OCTaBaBJIJI-
BaJIaCL 'IepBJI'IBaJl MamBBa. KpoMe Toro, CymBJIKa B npOMaaO'lBOe YCTPOBCTBO
p;OJImBbl 6L1TL 060pYP;oBaBLI aBTOMaTH'leCKH BKJIIO'IaeMOii npoTBBonomapBoii yrJle-
KBCJlOTOOB YCTaBoBKoii.
Y C T P 0 B C T BOP; JI JI 0 X JI amp; eBB JI 0 pOT e K TOp B 0 ii JI e B-
T LI. B npOMLlDIJIeOBOCTB OpBMeBJlIOT p;Ba
00c06a OXJIamp;eB1lJl opoTeKTOpHLtX
255.
1
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Q, "IIIIIII
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:i g,uo CI>
o fo
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Q.8.1
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h........
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IQ 0 s::>o; "
;: fl
I
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i
i fjiii
(,) "'I!! 1 001
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!II..... 0
:I 5i:i;"'a
:I OI
ulll
!I I ' go
13
'O=..
2 ..=
e
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f
1111
!:.! INi
o "Uo!
r:I ueo!"=
UI!
m::: 1 111
$ iiI:II u'O I
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= :a..
i
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oo
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Q" ..;'=
f:
JleHT: B BaHOaX 0 P;BYXCTOpOOOBM 06phlSrOBaOOeM Bop;oi 0& pemeT1laTOM TpaOCOOp-
'repe.
Y CTpoiCTBO P;JIJI OXJIam.u;eooJl JIeOThI oepBhlM cOOC060M, npBMeOJleMhlM oa
aapyoemHI>Ix saBop;ax, 06h1'100 COCTOOT OS Baoo 17, oa p;oe KOTOphlX YCTaOOBJleOhl
CB06op;00 BpaIl\aIOlI\oeCJI pOJIOKO, nop;p;epmOBaIOII\Oe neOTY. ::ho p;eJlaeTCJI P;JIJI Toro,
'ITOOhl JIeOTa 6h1JIa norpymeoa B BOP;Y 0 paBOOMepoo OXJIamp;aJIaCL co Bcex CTOpOO.
Bop;a nop;aeTCJI B Baooe npOTBBOTOKOM. tlT06h1 OCKJIIO'IOTL Morpa
IO oorpeAO-
eHTOB oa DOBepXOOCTL pesoohl (BhlD;BeTaooe), TeMoepaTYPY BOP;hI B nepBhli nepoop;
OXJIa)Kp;eOOJl CJIeP;YeT OOAAep)I(BBaTL B npep;eJIax 38-40 °C; oocJle OXJIamp;eOUJI
JIeOThI p;o 3TOi TeMoepaTyphl ee oopa6aThlBaIOT 60JIee XOJIop;ooi Bop;oi (15-20 0C).
qeM OOJILme CKOpOCTL p;BOmeOOJl JIeOThI, TeM p;JIDBOee p;OJImoa 6h1TL Baooa. Ha
oeKOTophlX saBop;ax 0611\aJl p;JIDBa OXJIamp;aIOII\OX BaOO p;OCTOraeT 180 M.
npo OXJIamp;eOOo opoTeKTopooi JIeOThI paa6phlaroBaoueM BO,)!l;hI TeOJIOnepe-
Aa'l& YJIyqmaeTCJI, n03TOMY YCTaOOBKO TaKoro Tooa p;eJIaIOT KOpO'le. 3TOT coocoo
npOMeOJleTCJI npeuMYlI\eCTBeOOO oa OTe'leCTBeOOhlX mUBBhlX saBop;ax (00 npo-
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][ TOJlCl'LIe 3arOTOBKB. K TaKOMY TBny KOMOBBBpOBaBBLlX arper&'lOB (nOT01JB1iIX
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JleBTY 1Jepes oom;ylO rOJlOBKY. )J,BaMeTp 1JepBJlKa nepBoro npecca paBeB 250 MM,
BToporo - 200 MM. CBCTeMOD: TpaacnopTepOB DpOTeKTOpBaJi JleBTa BanpaBJlJleTCSI
B 3asop MemAY BepXBBM BaJiKOM B Ay6nupOB01JBLIII BUBKOM 9 TpeXBaJiKOBOrO
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30BLI OXJlamAeBBJI 3TOD: JlBBBB SBa1JBTeJlItBO YBeJllflleBa B AOCTBfaeT 170 M. HRJKe
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3000 5800
1000 700
30 30
4-12 3.4-16,7
1100 700
3X 1
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ra6apBTBWe paaMepw, 101
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mupBBa . . . . . . . 3075 6862 7302
BWCOTa ....... 3036 7200 7200
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B OTJlIfIIBe OT arperaTa, Hs06pameBBOrO Ba pHC. 9.1, Bom JlBBBB 592-16 p8S-
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B CIlIA AJlJI 3TOD: I(eJiB DpBMeBJlIOTCJI DpOMLImJleBBLIe pOOOTbI.
llOCKOJlI>KY Ba DpoTeKTopBLlX arper8Tax H MeTaJlJlB1JeCKBX 3T8mepKax TPYABO
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OTDaA8eT BaA06BOCTIt B peSKe DpOTeKTopOB Ba KyCKB, Be DpOBCXOABT ycaAK8
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B BaCTOJlIQ;ee BpeMJI Ba pJlAe COBpeMeBBlllx s8pyoemBLIx S8BOAOB DpBMeBJleTCJI
S8K8TKa B KapTymB DpOTeKTopOB AJlJI JlerKOBLIX AB8rOB8J1I>BLIX mn, a TaKiRe
DpOTeKTopOB H 60KOBDB AJlJI mDB P. )J,JlBBa DpOTeKTopBoii JleBTLI B KapTyme
COCT8BJlJleT OKOJlO 100 M. ITpB paOOTe DO YRasaBBOD: CHCTeMe DpOTeKTOpBb1e arpe-
r8TLI cBa6m81OT SaKaT01JBLlMB DpBCDOCOOJleBWlMB, a c60po'lBb1e CTaBRB - cne-
I(B8J1I>BLIMB p8CKaT01JBLIMB B peSaTeJlItBbI.MB YCTpOBCTBaMB.
9.2. 060PYAOBAHHE Anfl 06PA60TKH
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BeTCTByJOm;BMB aAreSBOBBLlMB COCTaBaMB. ITpODBTK8 SaKJlI01JaeTCJI B DorpYiReBBB
ROPA8 B B8HHy C DOCJleAYIOm;BMB OTmBMOM BsolIITKa DpODBT01JBoro COCTaBa II cym-
KOD:. CKOpOCTIt DpODBTKB KOPA8 Ba DpODHT01JBLlX YCT8BOBK8X OOLI'IBO AocTBraeT
80 M/MDB, CTeDeBIt BLITJlmKB - 3 %, cOAepmaBBe BJiarB B TKaBB DOCJle cymKB
COCT8BJlJleT 2-4%. CymBJlKB 000rpeB8IOTCJI D8pOM BJiB rOpJl1JBM BOSAYXOM.
B OTe1JeCTBeBBOM IDBBBOM npOBSBOACTBe DpODHTKa KOPA8 DpOBSBOP;BTCJI
BeDocpeACTBeBBO Ba mBBBLIX saBoAax.
260
9.2.1. nponMTo...Hble YCTaHOBKM M arperaTbi
Ha OTe1JeCTBeBBLlX saBOAax AO nOCJIeABerO BpeMeBB B OCBOBBOM DpBMeBJlJlCJI
DpODlIT01JBIIID: arperaT HPY-18, 00ecDe<JBB8IOm;Dii CKOpOCTIt ABBmeBIIJI MaTepBaJia
6-12 M/MBB; B BaCTOJlm;ee BpeMJI OB S8MeBJleTCJI arperaTaMB AnR-80-1800
B AllTR-4Q-1800, DOSBOJlJlIOm;BMB oopaoaTLIBaTIt MaTepBaJi co CKOpOCTl>1O ]1.0 80
B 40 M/MBB COOTBeTCTBeBBO.
llpoDBT01JJlltlH arperaT HPY -18 DpeABaSBa<JeB AJlJI DpODIITKB 11 cymKB KopAa
AO OCTaT01JBOH BJiaiRHOCTII 2% DPB CKOpOCTB ABBiReBBJI MaTepBaJia 6-12 M/MBB.
ArperaT HPY -18 (pBC. 9.3) COCTOIIT us paCKaT01JBOD: CTOHRII 1 C SamBMBLIMB
B B8DpaBJlJlIOm;IIMB BaJiKaMB, 1JeTLIpeXDeTJleBOrO ROMDeBcaTopa 2, BMem;alOII(erO
32 M KOPAa, I(eBTpBpYIOII(erO YCTpoBcTBa a, DPODBT01JBOB BaBBbI 4 C mUpBTeJlI>-
BLlMB D BaTJlmBLIMB oap80aBaMB. llOCJleABBe 06eCDe<JBBaIOT saAaBBoe BaTJliReHBe
KOPAa.
HMelOIQ;BeCJI B arperaTe OTiRBMBble BaJiKII DpeABaSB81JeBLI AJlJI Y11.aJleBWI
BsoLlTKa DpODBTO'lBOrO COCTaB8 BS KOPABOH TKaHB nepeA DocTynJleBBeM ee B CY-
mBJlKY 5. RpoMe Toro, arperaT BKJlI01JaeT YCTPOD:CTBO 6 AJlJI 01JBCTKB KOPAa OT
DLIJlII 11 BOpCBHOK. llpoDBTaBBblB 11 BLIcymeBBLlB KOPA DpBHIIMaeTCJI S8KaT01JHLIII
YCTpeBcTBoM 7. H8BoOJlltmaJi AJlBBa KOPAa B PYJlOBe 250 M.
CymBJlKa 5 COCTOBT BS DJiTII OTKpLiTLIX 6apaoaHoB ABaMeTpOM 1800 MM.
RamALlB oapa6aB cBa6meB BeBTBJlJlTOpOM AJlJI 06eCDe1JeBBJI I(BPKYJlJlI(BB BosAyxa.
CYWBJlKa BMem;aeT 30 M KOPAa, 060rpeBaeTCJI 14 TPY01J8TblMB KaJlOpU
epaMB
C DOBepXBOCTlt1O BarpeBa 179,2 M 2 , MaKCBM8JII>BaJi TeMDepaTypa B cymBJlKe 140°C.
ROPA cymBTcJI 2,5-5 MBB DPB BaTJlmeBBB 11.0 2,5 KH.
IIpBBOA BaBHLI 4 B SaKaT01JBOrO YCTpOBCTBa 7 OCYlI(eCTBJlJleTCJI OT 9J1eKTpO-
ABBraTeJIJI DOCTOJIBBOrO TORa MOII(BOCTI>IO 2,3 KBT B 1JaCTOTOB Bpam;eBBJI 700-
2100 OO/MBB. MOm;BOCTIt 3J1eKTpOABBraTeJleB BeBTBJlJlTOpOB OTKpLITblX oapaoaHoB
2,8 KBT. )J,JlJI DOAa1JB B peI(BpKYJlJlI(BB BOSAYxa DpBMeBJleTCJI BeBTBJlJlTOp
M9-55 .N! 10, a AJlJI Bldopoca BosAyxa lIP-55 .N! 5. MOm;BOCTIt 3J1eKTpOABBraTeJleH
9TBX BeHTBJlJlTOpOB paBBa COOTBeTCTBeBBO 20 B 2,8 KBT. MOm;BOCTIt 3J1eKTpO-
11.BllraTeJlJl m;eTOK 1,7 KBT. raOapBTHLIe paSMepLI arperaTa 1725 x 9230 X 5050 MM.
Macca arperaTa 40 T.
ArperaT AllK-80-18OO (pIlC. 9. 4) DpeABaSBa1JeH AJlJI AByxcTa11.BBBOD: DpODBTKD
II cymKB DOJlBaMIIAHoro B BBCKOSBoro KOPAa co CKOpOCTl>1O AO 80 M/MUB. B COCTaB
arperaTa BXOAIIT pacKaTo<JBblD: CTaBOK 1, CTIdKOBO<JBLlD: Dpecc 2, KOMDeBcaTOp
paCKaTKII 4 (sanp8Bo<JBaJi AJiBBa KOPAa 240 M), TPB DpOTJlrBBalOII(BX YCTpoBcTBa
5 AJlJI ooecDe<JeBBJI HaTJlmeBIIJI KOPAa AO 25 KH, ABe DpODBT01JBLle B8BBLI 6, K8Mepa
BaCLlm,eBBJI 7 (s8np8B01JB8J1 AJiBBa KOPAa 160 M), AByxceKI(BOBBaJi cymllJlKa 8,
KOMneHcaTOp saKaTKB 9 (saDpaB01JBaJi 11.JlBHa ROPAa 80 M), SamBMBOe YCTPOHCTBO
B Sal\aTo<JBblB CTaBOK 10. 3TOT arperaT BXOABT B COCTaB nOT01JBOD: JlBBBB JInR-
80-1800, onllcaBlle KOTOpOD: DpBBOABTCJI BBme. TexHB<JecKaJl xapaKTepllcTBKa
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MepaMB BaJiKOB 360 X 1100 MM. Ha HOBLlX YCTaBOBKax DpBMeBJlIOT TpeXBaJiKOBLIB
KaJlaHAP C TpeyrOJlI>BLIM paCDOJlOmeRBeM BaJiKOB (paSMep BaJiKOB 500 X 1250 MM).
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TpaHCDopTepe DPB DOMOm;B AYOJlBpOB01JHOrO pOJl1lKa. npBBOA AYOJlBpOB01JBOrO
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nocJle OXJlamAeRBJI KOPA DOCTYDaeT Ha aaKaT01JHLlU TpaBCDopTep, rAe aaKaTLI-
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420 MM. PeaKa nOJlOCLI KOPAa DOCJle HaMOTKB DpOBaBOABTCJI DPB DOMOII(D ABaro-
. BaJiItHOrO Homa. ArperaT DOaBOJIJleT DOJlYtJaTIt CKBBAmeBaBBLIU KOPA co CKOPOCT&IO
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npOMLlmJleBROCTIt BLIDycKaeT arperaTLI HPY-71A (BMecTo HPY-71), 921-01, 921-02.
ArperaT CKBBAm-KaJlaRApa HPY-71A mBpBHou 1000 MM BKJlI01JaeT B OCBOBROM
paCKaT01JHLIU CTaBOK PT-3, KOMDeHcaTOp, ABarOHaJlbHO-peSaTeJlLHyIO MamBBY
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277
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DpORJlaAltB,
Bo6BBI>I C It0PAOM, DOCTynBBmlle OT ,u;DarOHaJlbBO-peSaTeJlbHI>IX MamHU,.
BCTaBJlRlOT B HllmBBe rBesAa, a B BepXBlle rHesAa BCTaBJlRlOT DYCTl>le 606BBLI II Hal
HIIX SaRaTI>IBalOT 1t0BI(I>I DpOltJla,nltB C 60611B C It0PAOM Talt, qT061>1 DpB IISrOTOBJleBIIII:
6pacJleTa, ROfAa TRayT CJlOB: It0PAa, oABoBpeMeHBo SaltaTI>IBaJlaCL DpoltJlaAltS,-
B8 BepXHIIB: B8J1I1K, "
Aaoibll>le DHTaTemt C Mexa-
BUqecROi paCR8TKOi. 3TII DIITa-
TeJlII B OTeqeCTBeBBOB: mDBBOB:
DpOMbImJleBBOCTII 1t0MDJleltTYIOT-
CR C 6paCJleTaldllfll CTaBltaMB CB-1,
llOCTYD8101I\IIe OT AllarOBaJlbHO-
pesaTeJlbHoH MamUBH 606HUI>I 2
BaAeBalOT Ba ABe 1t0HCOJlbBl>le
OCII 3 (pBC, 9,17), a 1t0HI(1)I DpO-
ItJla,D;K1I SaltaTI>IBalOT Ba DycTl>le 2
BaJlIIKII, HQAeTI>Ie Ba OCII 2, 06e
Dapl>l oeeB DpBBOARTCR BO Bpall\e-
Bile 0'1 3J1eltTpOABllraTeJlR 4 qepes
eDByIO DepeAaqy, JleHn It0PAa
C 606DB DPOXOABT qepes BaDpaB-
JlRlOD:\Be pOJlllltll 5 aa OTRIIABl>le
JlOTltll 7,
llwraTeJlII TaltOB KOHCTpylt-
I(1I11, Halt DpaBIIJlO, ,u;eJlaIOTCR
ABOB:BIdMII, 3TO SHaqIlT, qTO C
DpOTDBODOJlmRHOB CTOpOBI>I BMe-
lOTCR TOqBO TaKBe me DIITalOII\IIe
YCTpOB:CTBa, RBJlRlOlI\lIeCR Italt 61>1
SepRaJlbHIdM oT06pa)I(eBBeM DepBI>IX, B aTOll cJlyqae CTaBIIBa 6 YCTaHaBJlIIBaeTCR
Ba TeJlearne 1, IWTopaR MOmeT DepeABllraTbCR DO peJlbCaM, paCDOJlOmeHaldM DapaJl-
JleJlbBO OCB CTaBlta, DPB DOMOII\ll 3J1eltTpOABllraTeJlR 8, BJlarOAapR 3TOMY Ba CTaBlte
CTaHOBIITCR BOSMOmBI>IM c06BpaTb Be TOJlbKO ABYXCJlOBBHe 6paCJleTLI, BO II qeTl>I-
peXCJlOBalde, a Taltme DpOIlSBOAHTb DepesapRARY DBTaTeJlR, He Bl>lltJllOqaR 6pac-
JleTHIdB: CTaaOK,
JlBTaTemI C DOABecBWMH RapeTltaMB. KaR U ABoBBl>le DIITaTeJlII C Mexaall1Jecltoii
paCKamOB:, aTII DlITaTeJlII DpllMeBRlOTCR B OTeqeCTBeHHOB: mHUBOB: DpOMbImJleH-
Hocm AJIR DBTaBBR 6paCJleTBldX CTaaltOB CB-1, TaltBe DIITaTeJlII RBJlRlOTCR COCTaB-
BOB qaCTLlO
eJloB: CIICTeMI>I, BltJllOqalOlI\eB MexaHlIsllpoBaBByIO sapRAlty DIITalOlI\lIX
YCTPOB:CTB (MaJlIdX ltapeTOIt) y AllarOnaJlbBO-peS8TeJlbBI>IX MamDH, paCltpaBBa-
101I\IIX KOPA, 1IJ111 Y arperaToB AJIR BaJlOmeBBR Ba CJlOB It0PAa pesHUoBldx DpOCJlOelt,
TpaBcDopTBpoBlty ltapeTolt OT peSaTeJlbBIdX MamHU B DpOCJlOe1JBl>lx arperaToB
B DpOI(eCCe DBTaBBR CJlORMII It0PAa BS ltapeTolt 6pacJleTBHX CTaBltOB, OCBOBHI>IMB
qaCTRMII DHTaTeJlR 3Toro TilDa RBJlRlOTCR DOABeCBaR KapeTRa B 1t0PDYC DHTaTeJlR.
llUTaTeJlB C DOABeCHbIMB ltapeTltaMII 61>1BalOT Be TOJlbltO ABOB:HbIe, HO II 0AII-
HapBlde. llOCJleAalle yCTaBaBJlIIBalOTCR Ba CTaBltaX, DpeABaSHaqeHHIdX AJIR c60pltll
ABYXCJlOBBI>IX 6paCJleTOB, )J;JlR OAIIBapHoro DBTaTeJIJI C
eCTBeBHO YDpOm;aeTCJI
1t0BCTPYKTBBBoe o4)opMJIealle 1t0pDyca, Talt Italt B 3TOM cJlyqae OTDa,naeT BaA96-
BOC'lb B HaJlIl1JDD YSJlOB AJIR YCTaBOBltll ltapeTOlt C 06eux CTOpOB RopDyca B ere
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BoiiRol DDTaT8Jlb C M8X8Dlf'lecROi pac-.
RaTKol (BBA c60RY):
1 - TeJJelllKa; B, 8 - OCR; 4, 8 - 8BeKTPOJ(lllll'aTeJJB; 5-
BaDpaBmIJO
e POJIIIKB; ,- CTamma; , - OTKIIJUlHe BOTK.;
9 - GapaGu Gp8cneTlloro CTaBKa.
22,7,
DepeM:elQeallR B,Dpo
ecce c60pltll 6pacJleTa BDpaBO II BJleBO OTBOCBTeJlI>BO 6apa6aBa
6paCJleTBOrO CTaBRa.
ABTOM:aTHsupoB8l1B1>1e pommo-BpoRJI8AO'lBl>le DBTaTeJIII OameBBoro TUBa.
Taltoe DIITaTeJlII qall\e Bcero DpllM:eBRlOTCR B 1t0M:DJleltTe C ysHBepCaJlbBIdMII 6paCJleT
al>lM:1I CTaBltaM:1I 6a pa6aBBoro TilDa M:OAeJlH 60", DpeABaSBa1JeBBIdMB AJIR c60pltll
6paCJleTOB C qIlCJlOM: MoeB Be 60Jlee qeTl>lpeX, 3TII DBTaTeJlB BMelOT
YCTpoiicTBa
'/
6
-5
PBC. 9,18, CxeMa yssBepcam.soro oapaoamoro opaCJIemoro CTaBKa 60" c aBTOMaTBaBpOBaB
SLIM pOJlBRo-UpOKJlIlAO'lllLIM IIBTaT8JleM oamemloro TBIla:
1 - CTalllllla IDITaTenR; S - IIPOHIDTeAm.1; 8 - DHeBJlOltllJIHR;ltPbI; 4, 9 - I1eDHiole Depena'lll; 5 - tpmcltllOH-
HId mJ(JJB; 6 - lIaqalO
CRiIlPOHlDTeAH; 1 - t)naHeI1 pgmma C!o(iIlHbI; 8 - maroBn TPIUICD0PTeP; 10, 18 -
3nelCTpO.IIBllraTeJJB; 11 - DOBopOTRaR 6amllRj IS -,60611Hb1; 14 - pOJIHII; 15 - IIOHeoiRId BblIIJII)qaTeJJh;
16 - DHeBMOIt\fJDIR;ltp; 11 - HOIII C 3"eKTJ)oooorpeaOM; 18 - nplflKBMHOIT pOJIBII; 19 - npmcaTO'UDdt{pOJIBII;
20 - 6apa6as 6pacneTsoro CTaHlla; SI - DYJlhT ynpaJmeRIIR; IS - CTaHBBa 6pacneTRoro aramca; .8 - SOH!-
Hble DeIUUUI.
AJIR BaJlOmeBIIR XOJlOABI>IM CDoc060M peSBBOBI>IX DpOCJlOelt B DpOI(ecce C60pltll
6paCJIeTOB,
ABTOMaTIISBpOBaBBIdB: POJIIIKO-DpORJlaAOqaLIii DIITaTeJlL 6ameBBoro TilDa (CM.
pllC. 9,18) COCTOIIT liS CTaBHBI>I 111 paMI>I DOBOPOTBOii 6amBII 11, Ba 1t0Topoii C ABYX
DpOTIIBODOJlOmal>lX CTOpOB paSMell\eHbI DO qeTl>lpe Dapl>l 60611B C JleBToii US COCTI>I-
KOBaBHIdX DOJlOC It0PAa. B06HBI>I MorYT DepeMem;aTLCR BBepx B BBIIS BAOJlb 6amHII
DPII DOMOII\II ABYX marOBI>IX TpaBCDopTepOB 8, 3TII TpaBCDOpTepl>l npHBoARTCR
288
B ,u;BllmeHlle OT 3J1eltTpOABBraTeJIeii 10 qepes BCTpoeHHbIe qepBRqaLle peAyRTopld,
nepeMeII\eUlle 606HU He06xo)J;IIM0 AJIR DOAaqll IIX C HymBLIM CJlOeM It0PAa It 6apa-
6aHY 6paCJleTHOrO CTaBlta BO BpeMR BSrOTOBJleHBR 6pacJleTa,
J
2
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oc:>
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IC
PRC. 9.t9. CxeMa YCTIUIOBKR yallBepcaJlLHLlX 6apa6aJIBLix 6paCJJeTHLIX CTallKOB 90- B 120"
C IIHTaIOJIUDIB YCTpoiCTBaMR:
1 - CTamma 6paMeTHoro CT8.8Ka; II - 6apa6aa; 8 - IlpIDf(BMHoit pOJIIiIK JUIJI Pe3BROBI>IX IlpOCJJoeK; 4 - DB-
TaTeJlh
JIJI Pe3BROBIiIX DpOCJJoeK; 5 - DpBRaro'lJlld pOJIBK; 6 - 9J1eKTPO,IUIBra'l'eJt& TPaRCDOpTepa; " - TPaac-
DOPTeP; 8 - CTOJI; 9 - KapeTKa lIIITaTeJIJI
JIJI peaBROBIiIX DpOMoeK; 10 - CTamma lIIITaTeJIJI,f
PaCltaTlta 60611B B DpOI(eCCe BaJlOmeBBR CJlOeB It0PAa Ba 6apa6aB DpOIlSBO,u;IITCR
aBTOMaTOqeCKII DPB DOMOm;1I CDeI(lIaJlLBOrO MeXaBBSMa SaltaTltll-paCltaTltB, 3TOT
MeXaBBSM COCTOHT liS 3J1eltTpOABllraTeJlR 13 co BCTpoeBBIdM 1JepBRqBLlM peAyltTopOM
H aJleltTpOMarallTBoii My4)Toii; CH,IJ;RII\erO Ha KaqalOm;eMCR ItpOBWTeiiBe 6 4)PBKI(1I0H-
Boro mRlIBa 5, 1t0TOpLlii DOJlyqaeT Bp
eBlle OT ABHraTeJIR DPII DOMOII\B DepeAaqll 4
19 3aKU 163
289
B DBeBMOl\BJlIIBApa 16, PaCltaTlta BJIB SaRATlta ROPAa YAeT DpOBCXOp,JITb TorAa,
RorAa 4)PBRI\IIOBBIdH mKBB 5 DpBmMeTCR R 4)pauuy 7 pOJlBKa 006BBLI, BltJllOqeBBe
MexaBIISM8 paCKaTltB P;JlR co06 eBIIR BpaII\eBBJI 60611Be MOmeT DpOIlSBOABTbCJI
OT HomBoi DeAaJlII B OT 1t0HeqBOrO BIdKJllOqaTeJlR 15, CBRsaBBoro C pOJlBltOM 14,
Ba 1t0TOpOM DpB DOAaqe Ba 6apa6aB 6paCJleTBOrO CTaHRa JlemllT cJloi Itop,n:a,
ECJlB 6apa6aHY C DpllltpeDJleBBHM K BeMy KOHI(OM CJlOR 1t0PAa 6YAeT C006m;eBo
BpaII\eBlle, TO 3TOT CJloii, HaTRByBmIICb, HamMeT Ba pOJlBR 14, a CJleAOBaTeJlI>BO,
II Ha BLlKJllOqaTeJlI> 15 B DYCTBT B XOP; MexaBBSM SaKaTltll-paCltaTltll, C aBTOMaTII1Je-
CKB paCRaTl>IBalOII\eB:CR 606DHLI KOPA 6es BLlTRmRlI 6YAeT BaKJlaAldBaTbCR Ba 6apa-
DaH 6paCJleTBOrO CTaHlta, llpB OCTaHOBe 6apa6aBa BaTRmeBlle It0PAa oCJla6eeT,
B MexaHBSM paClt8TI<1I BldltJllOqHTCJI. 3altaTKa 06paTBo Ha D06DHY OCTaTlta CJI(iR 1t0PAa
DpOIlSBO,u;BTCR BltJllOqeBBeM MexaBUSMa SaltaTltll-paCRaTltB DyTeM HamaTBR BOmBOB:
DeAaJlII 23,
llpB IISrOTOBJleBBII 6paCJleTOB KOPA paCXOAYeTCR C 60DBB, DOBepByTldX K 6pac-
JleTBOMY CTaHRy, B 3TO BpeMR Ba DYCTlde 606BHbI DUTaTeJlR C DpOTBBODOJlOmBOii CTO-
Ta6AUlla 9.8. XapanepBCTIIBa 060Py oBaBBJI lJJI B3rOTOBJleBBJI 6paClJeTOB
POJlBK BJIB 6apa6aJ1 ra6apBTHYe P83Mepy '"
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AO 260-20
MBC-4 OT 12.00-20 470 1450 18.3 2600 1260 1702 4.5
o 16.00-20
MBC-5 OT 16.00-24 900 1850 9.55 1 3540 2000 2365 4.5
o 21,00-28
.
Bapa6aHIILlu co OT 7,50-20 no mupBBe 8 - 2600 1190 2080 3/5**
CMeBBLIMB 6apa- o 12.00-20 oeplDleTpy 88-
6a8aMB CB-1 rOTaBJl8Bae-
MLiX 6paCJleTOB
Bapa6aHRLle Y88-
BeEcaJlbHye
0" OT 7,50-20 478 1524 3B 2390 1225 1100 1.0
(HMO-310M) AO 12.00-20
90" OT 12.00-20 635 2286 5.3 3260 865 1016 1.0
(HMO-315M) AO_21.oo-28
120" OT 21.00-28 635 3048 5.3 4020 865 1016 1,0
(HMO-330M) AO 30.00-40
* Macca CTaBKa.
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290
pOHbI MOryT SaltaTblBaTI>CR BOBbie CJlOII It0PAa. 3TO 06eCDeqllBaeT HcnpepblBBOCTI>
pa60TId 6paCJleTHOrO CTaBlta,
B06DBI.I C SaltaTaBBblMII B DpOltJl/iAlty peSDHOBIdMII DPOCJlOB:ltaMO 0 606HUa
AJIR SaltaTltll oCB060mAalOII\eDCR DpORJlaAltll YCTaBaBJlOBalOTCR B ItpoHmTeiiB 2,
paCDOJlOmeBHIdD Ha CTaBDHe DIITaTeJlR C DpOTIIBODOJlOmBOD CTOpOHbI OT 6pacJleT-
Horo CTaBlta, B060BbI DpllBOARTCR BO Bpam;eBoe OT DpllBOAa 6apa6aHa qepes I(eDByro
DepeAaqy, Be,u;ym;lIe SBeSAOqltll KOTOpOD paSMell\eBbI Ba rJlaBBOM BaJIY 6paCJleTBOrO
CTaHRa,
IIuTaTeJDI DupaM1lAaJlI>BOro TBDa. 3TH DIITaTeJlII 1t0HDJleltTyIOTCR C 6paCJleT-
BLIMII CTaBltaMO 60", DpeAHaSBaqCBBLIMU AJIR IISrOTOBJIeHHR 6paCJIeTOB C qOCJlOM
CJlOeB 60Jlee 1JeTblpeX,
nllTaTeJlL DllpaMOAaJlLHOrO TODa COCTOOT os CTaHIIHbI, marOBoro TpaHCDopTepa
o MexaBIISMa paCltaTltO 6060B, OraHIIBa DIITaTeJlR DpeACTaBJlReT c060B: CBapBYIO
1t0aCTpyRI(01O B BIIAe qeTblpexyroJlLBoD yceqeHHoi DopaMIIAbI, llo BceD BblCOTe
CTaBIIBbI. paCDOJlOmeB marOBblB: TpaucDopTep, 1t0TOpldB: DepeMell\aeT 60611HbI
ra6?cBTllYe pa3MepY I ..
M OCTIo eneKTpoJtBBra- .;
TellII. DpBBOWl. RBT co CTaBROM)
06oPYAOBaHHe, C ROTOplolM ORB ell I
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0 ell
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ell: a! ell !
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TpaHcDopTep UJlO CTOJI AJI1i OTMepu- - - - - ...... 1.080-
Ba8M DepBoro CJlOJl, DHTaTeJlL AJlJI 0.6 0.6 7800 2770 3200 5,684
CJlOeB KOPAa U DUTaTeJlL AJUI CJloeB 0.6 1,0 8140 3615 3320 9.926
C peauBoBbiMU DpocnoBKaMB lIJiU AJlJI
pe8BHOBYX DpocnoeK
O apllblB IIJiU OBHOB DBTaTem. C 0.6 0.6 4060 1980 2030 3,373
. MeXaBJI1IecKoB pacKaTKoB UJiU nu- (DepeABIDI<- (DoAav.
TaTeJIL C DOABUmm.um KapeTRaMil lDoIe TeJIe)l(- KaTepuana)
lOt)
ABTOMaTu830BaBByji POJlUKO-DPO- 0.5 0,5 5372 2780 2946 3.262
KJJIkAO'IB DUTaTeJlL 6ameBBoro (2 lOT.) (2 lOT,)
TUDa
nUTaTeJlL nupaMIIAaJlLHoro TBDa 0.5 1.5 6630 2435 39B 3.766
.
0,5 0.95 5563 4216 2299 4,800
nBTaTeJ1L, TpaBcDOpTep, CTaBOR AU
CKJJ8AblBaBBJI 6paCJleTOB I 460 \5.768
0.5 0.95 7595 4496
19*
291
CO CJlORMII 06peSIIBeHHOrO It0PAa BJIU peSIIBOBHMII DPOCJlOB:KaMII, llpBBOA marOBore
TpaucnopTepa OC eCTBJlReTCR OT 3J1eltTpO)J;BHraTeJlR MOIIQIOCTl>lO 1,5 KBT qepes
AByxCTyneB1JaTl>Iii qepBJI1JB1lii peAyRTOp,
MeXaBHSM paCltaTRII no YCTpoiicTBY aBaJloruqeH DOA06BOMY MexaBIISMY Y ODII-
caBBoro Bmue aBTOMaTHSllpOBaBBoro pOJlBKO-DpOKJlaA01JBOrO DHTaTeJlR 6ameaBoro
TBDa.
nBTaTeJIB oapaoaBIII>IX OpaCJIeTIINX CTaBlCOB 90" U 120". CxeMa YCTaBOBltU
9TBX CTaBROB C DIITalO H YCTpoicTBaMH DpllBeAeBa Ha pllC, 9,19. 1\ aTHM YCTpoii-
CTBaM OTBOCRTCR CTOJI 8 AJIR CTLlltOBKU CJlOeB It0PAa, DpIlBOABOB: TpaBCDopTep 7,
DOAalO ii CJlOII KOPAa Ba 6apa6aH 6pacJleTBoro CTaBRa, H CMOBTHpOBaBBLlB: Ba
paMe HaA 6apa6aBoM 6pacJleTBoro CTaHlta DIITaTeJlL 4 ,u;JlR peSIIBOBLlX DpOCJlOelt,
rJlaBBoii qaCTl>lO 1t0TOpOro RBJlReTCR KapeTRa 9,
Ralt ym YDOMHUaJlOCI> BbIme, 6apa6aBbl 6pacJleTBLlx CTaHltOB 90" U 120"
Be DMelOT DpllBOAa, Bpa eBHe 11M C006m;aIOT COOTBeTCTBYIOII\He DpHBOAHlde Mexa-
HDSMLI nHTalOII\IIX YCTPOB:CTB: DpllBOA TpaBcnopTepa AJIR CJlOeB It0PAa H DpHBOA
paCltaTltll 606HBLI C peslIBoBIdMH DpocJloHltaMH,
OOOPYAOBaBUe AU OTOOpa, DOAroToBKII B TpaOCDOpnlpoBRB rOTOBNX opac-
JleTOB oa )"I8CTRB COOpRB DOlCpwmelC. Ha 60nLmHBCTBe mllBHLlX saBOAOB caRme
co CTaRKa rOTOBLle 6pacJleTLI AJIR DOltpldmelt cpeABllx rpysoBLlX aBTOM06HJleii
HaBemHB810TCR Ba TeJlemKII co CTOHKaMU-BemaJlaMII HJlH Ba ItplO1JK1I 1t0B-
BeB:epOB,
BOJlLmlle 6pacJleTI>I DepeA TpaBcDopTllpOBltoii SaBOpa1JDBaIOT B DpOltJlaAlty,
Ha cTapldx mHBBIdX saBoAax 8Ta ODepaI(IIR DpOHSBOAIITCR BpyqBYIO, a Ba HOBLIX
saBo,u;ax 6paCJleTBLle CTaHRH 1t0MDJleKTyroTcR co cDeI(JIaJlI>BLlMII CTaHltaMH AJIR CBO-
paqllBaBHR 6paCJleToB.
CTaBOIC AU CBOp81111BaHBJ1 OpaCJIeTOB DMeeT cTaBIIBY, BBYTpIl ROTOpoii Haxo-
AHTCR 3J1eltTpo,n:BHraTeJIl> C peAYKTopOM, C00611\aIO lIe qepes I(eDBYlO Depe,u;aqy Bpa-
lI\eBHe rJlaBBoMY BaJlY. Ha BLlxoAR eM HS cTaHHBLIltOHI(e rJlaBHOrO BaJla CMOBTllpO-
BaBa rOJlOBlta C ,u;BYMR CltaJlltaMH, KOTopLle MorYT C6J1l1maTLCR, rOTOBldii 6pacJleT
BaAeBaeTcR Ha pasABIIHYTlde CltaJlltll II DpoBHcaeT lIa BIIX, 3aTeM Ba 6paCJleT Ha6pa-
CLlBalOT DpOICJlaAlty, BltJlIOqalOT 3J1eKTpOABHraTeJlL, II 6paCJleT SaltaTLlBaeTCR B Dpo-
RJla,u;lty, llocJIe 8Toro 8J1eltTpOABllraTeJlI> BLIRJllOqaeTCR, CltaJlltH cABllralOTcR, salta-
TaBBI>IB: 6paCJIeT CHIIMaeTCR co cltaJlolt II DepeAaeTcR Ha C60POqHldii CTaBOIt.
OTeqeCTBeBHI>IMII saBoAaMH Bl>InyCltalOTCR TPII MOAeJlII CTaBltOB AJIR CBOpaqH-
BaHHR 6paCJleTOB: 60" (AJlIIBa CRaJlOIt 1524 MM), 90" (AJlDHa cltaJlolt 2286 MM)
H 120" (AJlHaa cltaJlolt 3048 MM),
CBoABLIe AaaBLle, XapaltTepllSYIOm.ue paSJlII1JBLle BII,u;LI OTeqeCTBeBBOrO 060PY-
AOBaBHR AJIR HSrOTOBJleBHR 6paCJleTOB, npllBeAeHLI B Ta6J1, 9,3,
9.9,3. nOTO"lHble nHHHH Ana HsrOTOBneHHa
6pacneToB
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U DepeAaqH IIX Ha yqacTltH C60pltH DOltpbImelt cosAalOTcR DOTOqHLle JlHUIIII, BltJllOqa-
IOII\He AHarOBaJll>aO-peSaTeJlI>BLle MamDHI>I, 6paCJleTBLle cTaBRH, CTaHltll AJIR cBopa-
1JBBaHIIR 6paCJleTOB, TpaBcDopTepLl 1IJ111 1t0HBeHepld.
CxeMa OAHOii liS DOTOqHLlX JlIIHoii DOltaSaBa Ha pHC, 9,20,
IIpH TaROB: paCCTaBOBlte 060PYAoBaBHR paCltpOeHBblB: It0PA DODaAaeT Ba OT60-
poqHbIii TpaBCDopTep 8, 1t0TOpLlM OB DOAaeTCR R DBTaTeJlRM, IIJ1H Ba TpaBCDopTepLl
6paCJleTHLIX CTaBKOB; c06paHHI>Ie 6paCJleTLI CBOpaqHBalOT aa CTaHltaX 3, 6, 10
H YltJlaAIdBalOT Ba CTeJlJlamll, 3aTeM 3TII CTeJlJlamH aJleltTpOltapaMII OTBOSRT It c60poq-
BHM CTaHltaM HJlII RJl8AYT sa CDe aJlLHlde TpaHcDopTepld; IIX MomHO Taltme BaBe-
mllBaTL Ba JllOJlLItH 1t0BBeiiepoB, B 3TOM cJlyqae UCKJllOqaIOTCJI ODepaI(IIH DO SaltaTlte
292
DOJlOC ltoPAa B YSKYIO DpOKJla,u;KY OltOJlO ABarOHaJlLHO-peaaTeJlbBblX MamBB II HX
pacsaTRe Y 6paCJleTHbIX CTaBKOB. Cym.eCTBYJOT U APyrlle cxeMbI KOMDOBOBKU 6pac-
JleTBIdX CTaHROB H AHarOBaJlbBO-peSaTeJlbBlU MamHH.
L
r , \/
If S
PDC. 9,20. CxeMa DOTO'IIIoi J1DBDD AJJII B8rOTOBJJ8IDI1I opaCJJeTOB:
1 - arpel'aT nBarORIUIbRo-peaaTeJlbBoit JlaJIJJIBW; Z - 6pacneTBIIIe CTaIIKB 120" C DBTaTeJJell; 8, 6, 10 - CTaRRII
.IUVI CBopa'uulluDUI 6pacneTOB; 4 - KOBBeitep nmr TPIUICnO OBKB 6pacneTOB Ba c60po...... ytJaCTOK; 5 -
CTemJaJI( nmr XJ)lUIellBR 6pacneTOB; 1 - 6pacneTllJole CTaBKB 60 C DupaJOJnam.1DOIII DllT8.TemIIIIB; , - OT6oJlO"l'
RJdt TPaBCDOP'l'ep; 9 - 6pacneTRYe CTaIIKB 90" C DllT8.TemDIB.
\ t:::J -;;
9,9.4, CTaHKH Ana HsrOTOBneHHa 6peKepHblx
6pacneToB rpysoBbiX paAHanbHblx WHH
B oTeqecTBeaHoH mIlHHOD: DpOMLImJIeBHOCTII AJIR HSrOTOBJleBHR 6peltepablx
6paCJleTOB AJIR mHO TilDa P DpHMeaReTCR CTaHOR H)J;0-59, Hs06pameHablB: Ba
pllC, 9,21. BHYTPII CTaaHHbl 1 Ha DOAWHDaHltaX CMOHTllpOBaH rJlaBHIdD: BaJl 8,
qeTLIpexCltopOCTBOD: aJleltTpOABHraTeJlb THDa T-52/12-6-4-2 MOII(HOCTblO 1,2; 2,4;
3,2; 3,5 ItBT (cOOTBeTCTBeaao C qaCTOTOB: Bpa eBHR 2880; 1440; 920 II 450 06/MHB),
pe,u;yltTOp II YCTPOBCTBO «o,u;aoro 060pOTa» flMO-160, Ha CTaBHUe HaXOARTCR DYJlLT
ynpaBJleaHR 9 H DepeaOCHOD: aom 2 C 3J1eltTp0060rpeBoM AJIR OTpesaBHR CJlOeB 06pe-
SHaeaBoro MeTaJlJlOlt0PAa, llHTaTeJlb 3 CTaBKa pasMe aeTcR Ha CTaaHae, )J;JlR 06eo-
DeqeBHR DpepblBaOD: pa60TId CTaalta DHTaTeJlb 3 BLIDOJlHeB ABYXCTOPOBBHM, DOBO-
pOTablM, B pa60qeM DOJlOmeHIIH OB 4)JIRcHpyeTcR DPH DOMOII\H sall\eJIltlll0, Ha Dma-
TeJle YRpeDJleaLI aaDpaBJlRIO He JlOTltH 5, )J;JlR CHRTHR c06paaHoro 6paCJleTa
6apa6aB 6 cBa6meB OTltHAHLIM CeltTOpOM, y6HpalOII\HMCR DO BaDpaBJleaHlO
R I(eBTpy 6apa6aaa.
llpHRaTOqBblD: MexaHIISM (Ba pllC. 9,21 Be DOltaSaH) COCTOUT liS ABYX pOJlHltOB,
aaBIIUqeHHIdX Ba XOAOBOD: BHUT C DpaBOD: H JleBOB: pesL60D:, H peSHUOBoro BaJlDRa
,u;JlR BOSBpa eBHR DpHltaTOqHbIX POJlUltOB B IICXOAHoe DOJlOmeBlle,
llepeA HaqaJlOM pa60TbI DpOHSBOAHTCJI sapRAlta DBTaTeJIR saRaTaHBblMII B DpO-
ItJlaAlty CJlORMH MeTaJlJlOltOp,u;a, ROTOpl>Ie YCTaHaBJIHBalOT Ha mTaHrax DIITaTeJlR T3K,
qT06b1 HHTH It0PAa DPII Ay6J1HpoBaSHII CJlOeB Depeltpell\lIBaJlHCL, 3aTeM SaDpaBJIRlOT
ROHI(1d Bcex CJlOeB 6peltepa B aaDpaBJlRlOlI\He JlOTltH, 1t0TOplde DOTOM cDycRalOTcR
Ha C60POqBIdD: 6apa6aH 6, lloBepxHocTb 6apa6aHa, RpOMe OTltH,u;Boro ceKTopa,
CMaSIdBalOT ItJleeM, llocJle 3Toro HaltJIa,u;I>IBalOT BpyqHYIO 1t0BeI( CJlOR Ha 6apa6aH
H SaltpeDJlRlOT ero pesHHoBoH neHTOqltOB:, HOmHOD: DeAaJlLIO 7 BRJllOqalOT YCTpOB:-
CTBO «OABOrO 060pOTa», llpH DOIIIOII\II Boma 2 OTpesalOT DepBI>IB: CJlOH, JlOTOR DOABH-
)falOT, CTldltyIOT BDPHTI>IIt 1t0H LI CJIOR Ha 6apa6aHe, DOBepXBOCTb DepBoro CJlOR
CMaqHBalOT 6eBSIIBOM, Bce DOCJleAYlOlI\He CJlOII HaltJlaAIdBalOTCR TaK me, ltaR H Dep-
BI>ID: CJlOD:, llPH aTOM CTpeMRTCR CTLIRH CJlOeB paBHOMepao paCDpeAeJlHTb DO BCeB:
,u;JlIIBe 6paCJleTa,
293
npOJl;eCC HSrOTOBJleBHR RpldJll>eB BltJllOqaeT CJleAYlOII\He OCBOBBHe ODepa
:
PIIXTOBlt8 DpOBOJlOKH, 06peSHHIIBaalle DpOBOJlOltH, HSrOTOBJleBHe 1t0Jle
, CDllpaJlI>-
OaR 06epTRa 1t0JleI( 6RSeBOB: JleBTOqltOB, aaltJla)J;lta BaDOJlHIITeJlI>HOrO DIBypa j
06epma ItpYJll>eBOD JleBTOD,
9.10,1. 06oPYAoBaHHe Ana HsrOTOBneHHa KpblnbeB
AHaroHanbHblx WHH
Y CT8HOBKa AM PUXTOBRB OABBO'IBoii OpoBOJIORB. llpOBOJIOR8, DOCTYDalOII\aa
Ba IDBBHbIe saBoAId, qaCTO Ae4)opMHpoBaBa, D08TOMY ee DpHXOAHTCR BYDPJIMJlRTI>
(pIlXTOB8TI». llpOBOJlOlta pHXTyeTcR DPH DepeltaTKe ee C 6YXT Ba ltaTymKH. ,IJ;JlR
PHXTOBltB II OqHCTltH OAOHOqBOD DpOBOJlOltH DpBMeBReTCJI YCTaHOBKa HMO 331Mt
ROTopaR BYnyCltaeTCR BMeCTO paRee HSrOTOBJlRBmeDCR YCTaHOBltll HMO 331.
Y CTaBOBlta HMO 331M COCTOHT HS paCltaTOqHOD CTODRH PHXTYIOII\erO YCTPOD-
CTBa, yRJl8A1Jlllta, mDYJlH, DpHBOAa, DYJlI>Ta YDpaBJleHDR II CBapOqHOrO aDDapaTa
ACll-3, PaCltaTOqBaR CTODlta DpeACTaBJlJleT C060D BepTHltaJlI>HO YCTaBOBJleHHbIi
BaJl C KaTymltOB:, Ba ItOTOPYIO H8AeBaeTCR 6YXTa DpOBOJlOltll, BaJl cBa6meB Bom-
HbIM TOpMOSOM,
PIIXTYlOm;ee YCTPODCTBO BltJllOqaeT DpHCDOC06J1eBHe AJIR OqllCTltH DpOBOJIOltll
H BaDpaBJlRIOII\HX H PHXTYlOII\HX pOJlDltOB, llOCJleABlle paCDOJlOmeBY B ABYX B8a-
liMBO DepDeBAHltYJlRpBLIX DJlOCKOCTRX,
3altaT01JBOe YCTPODCTBO COCTOHT HS yRJla,u;qHRa, 1t0TOpl>Iii, ABllraRcl> BosBpaTBo-
DocTYDaTeJlI>BO, yRJlaAYBaeT DpOBOJlOlty Ba mDYJle, BosBpaTHQ-DOCTYDaTeJlLHOe
,u;BHmeBlle DpHAaeTcR BHBTOM C DepeltpeCTBOD BapeSltOD, 3arpyslta H CBRTHe mnYJlII
C HaMoTaHHoD DpOBOJlOROD ocym.ecTBJlRIOTCR C DOMOII\I>IO naeBMOI(HJlHUApa II DOA-
BHiRBOB: KapeTltll,
HHme DpHBOAHTCR TeXHII'IeCltaR XapaltTepHC'fBKa yCTaBoBKII AJIR PHXTOBltll
OADBOqBOB: DpOCJlODltH HMO 331M:
'lacTOTa Bpa
eBJJJI mnYJlL, 06/MBB
M8KCDMaJILDaJI , . , , ,
MIfRRManLRaJI ",.",
,l\RaMeTp KaTymKB, MIl
J1J1 CT
apTHIo1X MOTKOB
J1Jl ReCT8B
apTIIYX MOTKOB "",."
JIlIBeUBaJI CKOpOCTL PRXTOBKR UpR YCJlOBROM cpe
-
BeM
BaMeTpe mUYJlB 650 MM, M/c
MaKCRMaJiLBaJl , , , . , , . , , , . ,
MBBHMaJlLHaJI ,."""".,
,l\8BJleBBe Boa
yxa B UReBMOCBCTeMe, Mlla
llpBBO
THD , , . , . . , , , , , , , , , ,
3J1eKTpO
BraTeJlL DOCTOJlRBOrO TOKa
THB , , . , , , , . , , , , , , .
MO
ROCTL, RBT .,."".,
qaCTOTa Bp
eR8Jl, o6/MRB , , , ,
anaaOB perymrpoB8IIBJI CKOpoCTH Bp
e-
BRJI, 06/MRB "",.""",
Macea, Kr
CTaBKa (6ea UYJlLTa) . , . " .",.
uynbTa ""'"
ra6apRTHHe paaMepH, MJ(
CTaJlOIC
DYJI&T
YDpaBJleBRR
810
370
955
JlBBa ,
IIDIpRBa
BHOOTa
4150
1400
1220
79
7,9
295
241
2.7
0.27
0,5
llTV6M4
MII-42
1,5
1500
150-1500
830
166
Cnpo'lllId
anuapaT
827
470
1220
Kem.
eAeJIaTem.BI>Ie arperaTl>l. 0611111BO 06pesBBBBaBlle DpOBOJlOltll B BaMOTRa
1t0JIe
IIpODSBO,u;RTCR aa 1t0JlI>
eJl;eJlaTeJlI>BYX arperaTax,
295
o T e q e C T B e B H LI e R 0 JI L I( e A e JI aTe JI I> Hide a r per a T LI, Ha-
D60JIee paCDpoCTpaBeHHl>lii Ba mHUHLlX saBoAax CCCP arperaT JIMO-245 (pIIC. 9.22)
DpeAaaSBaqeH AJIR BSrOTOBJleallR 60pTOBLlX 1t0JleI( BS 06pesBHeaBOB: DpOBOJlOltB
UJIB DJIeTeHltB, RaR BHABO BS pBC, 9,22, B COCTaB arperaTa BxoART ABa BaMOT01JBLlX
aBTOMaTa AR)J;-1A B AR)J;-2A, B saBBCBMOCTII OT pasMepa BSrOTOBJlReMLlX KOJle
arperaT MOmeT DOCTaBJlRTLCR C ,u;BYMR aBTOMaTaMB AR)J;-1A BJIB C ABYMR aBTOMa-
TaMB AR)J;-2A, Ha DepBoM IISrOTOBJlRlOT 60pTOBlde 1t0JlI>I(a C BByTpeHBBM AllaMeTpoM
OT 381 ,u;o 622,3 MM, Ha BTOpOM - C BHyTpeBHHM AllaMeTpOM OT 730 AO 1095 MM,
Pac1'>amo'l,Hble cmOU1'>U, )J;JlR paCltaTltB ltaTymltB DpOBOJlOltB DpBMeHReTCR cToiilta,
OMelOII\aR DO)J;IDBDBHltB, cBa6meHBLIe TopMosaMB, U HaDpaBJlRIO
Be 6J10ltB, llocJle,u;-
aile ABBralOTCR CBOOOAHO DO OCB, OAHU 6J101t BaAeT Ba CTaI(BOBapBo paCDOJlOmeHBYIO
OCL, a APyroB: Ha OCI>, BCTaBJleBaylO B OTRBAHLle ItpOBmTeB:BLI, RaTymlta C DJIeTeB-
KOB: yCTaHaBJlBBaeTCR DPB DOMO
B mTaHrB - OCB B DOAIInlDBBRaX CTOB:ltU, )J;JlR
paCKaTltB DJIeTeBRB YTOqBOB: DpOBOJlOqBOii JleBTI>I DpHMeBRIOTCR OABBOqBLIe
CTOB:ltO,
Pac, 9,22, KOJJLu;e
eJIaT8JlLBYii arperaT HMO-245:
1 - mnYJIRpRBK C paCKaTO'IIIYMD croitKaMH; 3 - sanpuJVllomu croibca; 8 - BJleKTPORarpeBaftJlb npOBOJlOICB;
4 - 'IepBII'IIIU MaDIIIIIa; 5 - YCTaHOBKa nJIJI RarpeB8 nellTW; 6 - YCTIIBOBKa nJIJI Do,wm neBTW; 1 - 1(OllOeB-
caTOp; 8, 9 - KOJIbIteJIenaftJlbBlle aBTOMaTiol AR,u-tA . AJ<,u-2A,
llpB BSrOTOBJlemm oeSyTOqBOB: DpOBOJlOqBoii JleBTLI YCTaHaBJlIIBalOTCR paclta-
T01JBlde YCTpOB:C'l'Ba; 1t0Jlll1JeCTBO BX SaBBCIIT OT 1JBCJla DpOBOJlOIt, BS ROTOpLlX
,u;oJlmaa COCTORTI> JleBTa; 06LIqHO BCDOJll>8yeTcR 4, 6, 8 BJIB 10 DpOBOJlOIt
(CM, pBC, 9,22), OTAeJlI>BLle DpOBOJlOltB C 3TBX KaTymeK co611palOTcR B CDeI(JIaJlI>-
aLIX HaDpaBJlRlOII\BX 6J1oltax Ha BaDpaBJlRlOlI\eii cToiilte 2 B e,u;DHYlO JleBTY. OAHUOq-
aLie DpOBOJlOKB, 06pasyIOII(Be JleBTY, AOJlmBLI 6ml> O,u;DHaltOBO BaTRBYTLI U OT
eB-
TpOBaBhI TaR, qTo6L1 co6paBBaR JleBTa BaXO,u;DJlacl> TOqBO Ba OABOii JlDHm! C rOJlOB-
IWB: qepBJI1JBOB: MamBBl>I,
H azpeoame.n,u OMI. npooOJl.olm, HarpeTaR DpOBOJlOlta 06pesBHIIBaeTCR Jlyqme,
qellf HeBarpeTaR, Ha HeKoTopLlX saBoAax DpOBOJlOlta BarpeBaeTCR AO 50-100°C,
B arperaTe flMO-245 DpBMeBReTCR aJleltTpOBarpeBaTeJlI> 3, DpeACTaBJlRlOlI(BB: c060B:
saltpml>Iii RII(BIt, B KOTOpOM paSMeII\eBhI qeTLlpe BaDpaBJlRlOlI\lIX mRBBa, ABa liS BBX
BSOJIDpOBaBhI, B Ba BIIX qepes II\eTOqBYlO cBcTeMY DOAaeTCR TOIt BIISItOrO BaDpJlme-
BBR B 60JlLmoii CBJlLI. llpoXOAR DO mltllBaM, DpOBOJlOKa SaMLlltaeT TOIt H Barpe-
BaeTCR, IISMeHRR CBJlY TOlta, perYJlBpYlOT TeMDepaTYPY HarpeBa B SaBIICBMOCTH OT
CKOpOCTB ABBmeHBR JleBTLI B CODpOTIIBJleBIIR DpOBOJlOltB,
fJepoJl,'I,HflSl, MalUUlUl, 06peSHUIIBaHBe DPOBOJlOqBLlX JleBT DpOBSBOABTCR B qep-
BlIqBOii MaDIBBe ABaMeTpOM 63 MM, ODBCaBBOB: B rJl, 2, MamBBa cBa6meBa T-06pas-
aOB: rOJlOBltOB:, llJleTeBlta BJIB DPOBOJlOqBaR JleBTa (YTOqBaR BJIB 6esYTOqBaJI)
CBaqaJla DPOXOABT qepes BaDpaBJlRlO
YlO DJlaBlty, BMelOlI\YlO II\eJIL HYmBOrO pas-
Mepa AJIR DpoxOAa DJleTeBltB B YTOqBOB: JleBTLI, BJlII pR,u; ItPyrJlLlX oTBepcTHi AJIR
JleBTLI, COCTORII\eB: BS OTAeJlI>BI>IX DpOBOJlOK. HaSBaqeBBe 8TOB: DJlaBltB - BaDpa-
BIITI> DpOBOJlORY B rOJlOBlty B SaltpLlTL DyTI> AJIR BLlDpeCCOBltB peslIHbI B 3TOM BaDpa-
BJleHBB,
llpOB:AR rOJlOBlty qepBRqHOrO Dpecca, 06pesBBeBBaR JleBTa DO HaDpaBJlRlOII\BM
pOJlllltaM DOCTYDaeT B XOJlOAIIJlI>BOe YCTpoiicTBO, Dpe,u;CTaBJlRlOII\ee c060ii Be60JlI>-
mylO BaBay C OTmllMBhIM peSIIBOBLlM BaJlBltOM cBepxy II MeTaJlJluqeCKHM BaJlBKOM
296
cHDSY, 3a BaHHOD: JleHTa 06AYBaeTCR BOSAYXOM D DOAaeTCJI Ha ABa DpOTRrDBalOII\RX
6apa6aHa, KOTopue BI>ITJlrBBalOT ee DS rOJlOBKD mDpD
-MamHBhI D AODOJlHDTeJlbHO
OXJlamAalOT, BKJllOqeBBe D BIdKJllOqeHBe DpOTRrDBalOm.ux DpDCDOC06J1eHDD: DpODSBO-
ADTCR OT HRmBerO KOBeqHOrO BIdKJllOqaTeJlR KOMDeBcaTopa,
KO
tneHCamop, llpODAJI DpOTJlrDBalO
ee YCTPODCTBO, JleHTa DODaAaeT Ba KOM-
DeHcaTOp 7 (CM, pRC, 9,22), DpeACTaBJlRlODJ,DD: C060D: ABa 6J10Ka, COCTOR
Re DS
HeSaBDCDMO Bpa
alODJ,DXCJI mKDBOB. BepxHDH 6J10K COCTODT DS DRTD mKDBOB,
HHmHDD - DS qeTldpeX, HBmHDD: 6J10K ABDmeTCJI DO HaDpaBJlJllO
DM CTaHDHaM
KOMDeHcaTopa, a BepXBDD: 6J10K SaKpeDJleH CTaI(JIOHapBO HaBepxy CTaHHUld, Ha Ba-
DpaBJlRlO
DX YCTaHOBJleHId HDmHDD D BepXHRD: KOHeqHlde BIdKJllOqaTeJlD, ROMDeaca-
TOp cJlymDT AJIR coxpaHeHDR saDaca DpOBOJlOKD, ROMDeHcaTOp BMeII\aeT 20 M
JIeHTId (Ha sapy6emHldx YCTaHOBKax 40 M). HaXO,u;RCb Ha KOMDeBcaTope, 06peSRaeH-
BaR JleBTa AODOJlHDTeJlbHO OXJlamAaeTCR D qepes HaDpaBJlRlO
De 6J10KD D samDMHoe
YCTPODCTBO DOCTYDaeT Ha HaMOTOqHIdD CTaBOK,
H Q.MOmO'lHNe cmaHXU, B COCTaB arperaTa flMO-245 BXOART aBTOMaTlI1JeCKDe
HaMOTOqHlde CTaHKD AR)J;-1A D AR)J;-2A, CxeMa aBTOMaTa AR)J;-1A DOKasaHa Ha
pRC, 9,23, )J;JlR BIdTRfDBaHDR JleHTI>I DS KOMDeHcaTopa D saDpaBKD ee B saMOK
ma6J10Ba CJlymDT DOAalO
DD MexaHDSM 1, llPD DSMeHeHDD ADaMeTpa ma6J10Ha pery-
nDpOBaHDe DOJlOmeBDR MexaHDSMa DOAaqD B saMKa DpODSBOADTCR pyRORTKOD 2,
MexaHDsM 06Py6KD JleHTId COCTODT DS MOJlOTKa 3, JleSBDR 4 U CDYCKOBIdX pldqarOB,
fOToBlde KOJlbI(a CHDMalOTCR C ma6J10Ha c6paCIdBaTeJleM 6, )J;JlR DpeAOTBpa
eHDR
Bpa
eBIIR ma6J10Ba BO BpeMR c6pacidBaHDR KOJlb
a CTaBOK cBa6meH 6J1o-
KDPYlO
DM MexaHHSMOM 10, llpDeM rOTOBIdX KOJl8I( oCYII\eCTBJlReTCR KOJlb
e-
JIOBlITeJleM 9,
HaMoTo'!aLIe aBTOMaTbI AR)J;-1A D AR)J;-2A xapaKTepDSYlOTCR CJleAyroII\IDf1l
,u;aaaLIMD:
CTaRKH
AK,IJ;-1A AK,IJ;-2A
BBYTpeBBuii ABaMeTp JI3fOTaB-
JIIIBaeHLIX KOJIe
, MM
MBHBMaJILBHB . 381 730
MaKCBMaJILBHi 622 1095
II pOB3BO
BTeJIbBOCTL, 1(0-
JIe
/MIIB
MIIHBMaJILBaJl 7 0.62
MaKCBMaJILBIUI 20 2,8
qUCJIO MoeB
MIIHDMaJILBOe 2 8
MaRCBMaJIbBOe , , , , ,. 8 20
illBpBBa D)"IKa DpOBOJIOKB, MM 12 16
CKOpOCTL DpoTaCKBBaBBJI Dpo-
BOJIo'IBoi JIeBTH, M/MJlB
MUBBMaJILBIUI 40 40
),faRCBMaJILBIUI . , . . ,. 120 120
HH
<e DpDBeAeaa xapaKTepDcTRKa 9J1eKTpOABRraTeJlei DpuBoAa KOJlb
eAeJla-
TeJlbHOrO arperaTa flMO-245:
THn
MOIII;ROCTIo.
KBT
3JIeKTpo
BuraTeJUt
aBTOMaTa ,."".
BO
a1JB peaBBoBoiilJIeBTH
KOMDeBcaropa ."
epBH
BoB M
H
A02-31-4
A0921-4
A02-51-6
11-62
2.2
0.27
5.5
14
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BP
eJIIIJI,
O(i IDR
1500
1400
950
1500
297
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III 0
p., ... I;
Hume DpBBeAeHId CBeAeHHR 0 mDYJlRX, ra6apBTHLIX paSMepaX B MaCCe arpe-
raTa:
'1Reno mnYJlL B mOYJlJlpBHKe
,I\RaMeTp, MIll
00 pe60PAe , , . , . , .
meiKB "...."",
fa6apRTBHe paSMepLi arperaTa, MM
AJlHBa
mRpRBa
BLiOOTa , , . . . , . , , . , ,
Macca arperaTa, T ,.,..",
8
800
530
i5 860
2565
3480
7.576
R 0 JI b
e A e JI aTe JI b Hide a r per a T Id sap Y 6 e m H Id X 4) D P M,
,D;JlR HaMOTKD KOJle
B 60JlbmDHCTBe CTpaH DpDMeHRlOTCR DOJlyaBToMaTOqeCKDe
D aBTOMaTDqeCKUe CTaHKD,
B DOCJle)J;HHe rOAld DORBDJlDCb KOJlbI(eAeJlaTeJlbHlde arperaTId, DOSBOJIRlOm,De
OAHOBpeMeHHO BsrOTaBJlDBaTb KOJlb
a B HeCKOJlbKO pyqbeB, MHoropyqbeBoB KOJlb-
I(eAeJlaTeJlbHIdB arperaT usrOTaBJlDBaeT KOJlbI(a B ABa-qeTldpe DapaJlJleJlbHIdX PY-
qbR, OH DMeeT mDYJlRpBDK Ha 24 mDYJlB. llpOTRrDBalOm,De 6apa6aald, POJlBKU, Ba-
DpaBJlRlOII\Be BO Bcex CTaBKax arperaTa, a TaKme ma6J10H D Hom DMelOT 60JlbmylO
mDpDHY, paCCqDTaHHyro Ha paSMem,eHDe AByx-qeTldpeX DapaJlJleJlbHIdX JI"eaT
DpOBOJIOKD, B ABa pyqbR DpODYCKaeTCR 9-12-DpRABaR JleHTa, B TPD - 7 -8-DPRA-
HaR, B qeTldpe - CO
TORm,aR He 60Jlee qeM DS 6 DpRAeii, llpODsBOABTeJl&HOCTb
arperaTa DOBldmaeTCR DpODOpI(JIOHaJlbHO qDCJlY pyql>eB,
HeKoToplde mDHBLle saBOAId sa rpaHD
ei DCDOJlbSYlOT CTaHKD AJiR DSrOTOBJle-
aDR KOJle
DS OABHOqHOH DpOBOJlOKU, TaKBe KOJlb
a Ds-sa DOBDmeBHoH DpOBSBO-
,u;HTeJlbHOCTD CTaBKOB DpDMeaRlOTCR cpaBHBTeJlbHO peAKO. OHB DCDOJl&aYlOTCR
rJlaBBLlM 06pasoM AJIR KpYDHora6apDTHldx mBB, aBDaI(JIOBHbIX mDH D mDB, Tpe-
6yroII\BX oco60 DPOqHIdX 60pTOB, BaDpDMep rpYSOBIdX TUDa P C MeTaJlJlOKOPAHbIM
KapK8COM. B HaCTOR
ee BpeMR HaD60Jlee cOBpeMeHHoB MamDHOB AJIR HaBIIBKB
1C0Jle
BS OAHUOqBOH DpOBOJlOKD RBJlReTCR HaBDBOqHaR MamDHa TDDa H,D; 4)DpMld
«HeiimeBeJl CTaBAapT» (CmA). 3Ta MamBHa OAHOBpeMeBBO MomeT HaMaTLIBaTb
meCTb KOJleI(, MamDaa DMeeT mnyJlRpHHK AJIR DpOBOJlOKD, RaTymKD C DpOBOJlOKOH
YCTaHaBJlDBalOT Ba paCKaTOqHlde cToiKD, ODDcaHBlde Bldme (AJIR arperaTa flMO-245),
MamDHa BaMaTIdBaeT AO 100 BDTKOB DpOBOJlOKD B CeqeHBD KOJIbI(a ADaAleTpOM
12-24,5", llpODsBO,u;HTeJlbHOCTb MamBBId B OABOM pyqbe 70-80 KOJleD.jq DPD
aaMOTKe 36-45 BBTKOB B CeqeHUD KOJlb
a D 40 KOJleI(/q DPD BaMOTKe 80-90 BHTKOB
.B CeqeBBB KOJlb
a.
CTaBRB AU UarOTOBJIeBBR BBTWX 1C0JleI(. B OTAeJlbHIdX CJlyqaRx, oc06eHBo
AJiR JlerKOBIdX DOKpldmeK II HeKoTopldX TDDopaaMepoB rpysoBIdX mDH TIlDa P,
DpDMeBRlOTcR BDTLIe 60pTOBide KOJlb
a, 3TB KOJlb
a Ha 50% DpOqHee KOJle
APyrn
KOHCTPYKI(Hii, Dpu aTOM KOJlb
a DOJlyqalOTcR meCTKDMD, BepaCTRrllBalOJIUlMBCR,
Cym,eCTByeT HeCKO;IbKO CDoc060B D THDOB CTaHROB AJIR DSrOTOBJleBBR TaKDX KOJle
,
B OTeqeCTBeBBOH IDHBHOB DpOMl>ImJleHHOCTD AJIR DpODSBOACTBa BHTIdX. 60pTOBldX
KOJle
DpDMeaRIOTCR CTaBKD CJleAyrom.ux MOAeJleH: :Qm-13486, llR-A-22, RH-11266
D 321-041,
Hau60Jlee COBepmeHBIdM CTaHKOM AJIR DpODSBOACTBa BHTIdX 60pTOBldX KOJle
RBJlReTCR CTaHOK 312,011, DpeAHaSBaqeBHIdH AJIR DpODSBOACTBa BDTIdX KOJle
'
DOKpldmeK C DocaAOqBIdM ADaMeTpOM 13", llpODsBOADTeJIbBOCTb CTaBKa OKOJlO
80 KOJleD.jq, ,D;oaMeTp KOJlb
a DO CepAeqBBKY 335-345 MM, mar BaBDBKD 133 MM;
CKOpOCTb DOAaqD DpOBOJlOKD AJiR HaBDBKD KOJlb
a 25,6 M/HDH; qllCJlO mDyJlb
1 mT,; AJlDHa DpOBOJlOKD (ABaMeTpOM 1 MM) B mDYJle 8000 M, MO
OCTb <JJleKTpo-
ABDraTeJlR DpDBOAa 2 KBT, fa6apDTid CTaHKa 4380 X 1260 X 1000 MM, Macca
2,06 T, .
CT8IIICII AU dOABymc8BB8
DB CTWlCa OOpTOBI>IX lCoJle
. Y KOJlbI(8, DSrOTOBJleB-
Horo ByTeM HaMOTKB DpOBOJlOqHOH JleHTId BOKpyr ma6J10Ha, BcerAa DMelOTCR ABa
299
ROBI(a, 3TB KOH I>I ,u;OJlmBl>I DepeRpldBaTb ,u;pyr ,u;pyra. )J;JlR DJleTeHKD B YToqBOi
JleHTId ,u;JlDHa CTIdKa COCTaBJlReT 40-80 MM, P;JlR 6eSYTOqHOH JleBTId p;OCTBraeT 80-
120 MM,
CTIdK ROJlbI(a SaKpeDJlReTCR CJle,u;YlOm;BM1I cDoc06aMD: BaJlOmeBlleM DOJlOCKD
611SD mDpDHoH 25-30 MM, DpoMasaBHoi Ba KaJlaH,u;pe pesDBoH C ,u;BYX CTOpOB;
Do,u;BYJlKaBIIS eB: CTLlKa,
,D;JlR Do,u;BYJlKaBDSaI(JIH CTIdKa 60PTOBI>IX KOJle BI>IDYCKalOTCR DOJlyaBToMaT
l1iK-25162 D CTaHOK 540-4,
lloJlyaBToMaT 111«-25162 Dpe,u;HaSBaqeH ,u;JlR Do,u;BYJlKaHD8 H CTLIKOB 60pTO-
BIdX KOJleI( DS meCTII- D BOCbMDDpRABOB: DpOBOJlORH B I(exax C 60JlbmllM 061oeMoM
DPOBSBo,u;CTBa, OH COCTOIIT DS CTaHHBH - CTOHKD, BepXBIIX D HDmBDX DOJlY4PoPM,
rJlaBHOrO BaJla C DpIIBO,u;OM, lloJlyaBToMaT pa60TaeT CJle,u;ylOII\OM 06pasoM. B paCKpld-
Tide DOJly4)OpMI>I DO Xo,u;y Bpa eHIIR BCTaBJlRlOT 60pTOBI>Ie KOJlb a, saTeM DOJly4)OpMI>I
SaRpldBalOT II BaqlDlaeTCR Do,u;BYJIRaBBS . llo OKOBqaHIIH S8AaHHoro Jla BYJl-
RaHHSaI(JlB 4PoPMa paCKpldBaeTCR II 60pToBoe KOJlbI(O BIdTaJlKHBaeTCR DS HDmHeR
DOJly4)OpMld, lloJlyaBToMaT DpHCDOco6J1eH P;JlR KOJleI( ,u;HaMeTpOM 381-1095 MM
DPD mDplDle DX 10 MM D BI>ICOTe 12 MM. )J;pyrlIe TeXHB'!eCKOe ,u;aHBI>le DOJlyaBToMaTa
l1iK-25162 DpDBOARTCR HDme:
IIpOD8BOABTeJILBOCTL, mT/1DIB . ,
'IaCTOTa Bp eBBJI CTOJIa, 06/MBB
TeMDepaTypa UO YJIKaBB8 IIB, °C
IIpeccoBoe YCDJIDe IIOJIYI>PM, KH
3JIelCTpoABaraTeJIL
TOU , , , , , . , , , , , ,
MO BOCTL, aBT """
'1aCTOTa BpaJqellJlJl, oO/KJDI , , ,
MO DOCTh BarpeBaTeJIbDwt aJIeMeBTOB.
aBT , , , , , . , , , ,
faoapBTBLle 'a8Mepa, MM
ABlIKeTp
BLiCOTa
Macca, T "",."
11-12
0,57 .
180:1:10
2.5
A02-32-6
2,2
960
7,6
t460
1790
t.4
GTaHOK 540-4 ,u;JlR Do,u;ByJlKaHIISaI(DH CTIdKOB 60PTOBldX KOJleI( COCTODT DS
DBeBMO BJlDH,u;pOB, BepxHeH ]I BBmBeR DOJly4)OpM C 3J1eKTpoDo,u;orpeBoM. BHYTpeH-
BD ,u;DaMeTp 60pTOBldX KOJleI( 356-508 MM, mHpDHa 60PTOBldX KOJleI( B Ce1JeaDII
7,5 MM, BI>ICOTa 8,5 MM, llpOllsBo,u;IITeJlbHOCTb 120 mT/q, qDCJlO o,u;HOBpeMeHHO DO,u;-
BYJlKaBDsyeMl>Ix KOJleI( 4. npO,u;OJlmHTeJlbHOCTb Do,u;BYJlKaHDSaI(WI 1-2 MDa,
TeMDepaTypa 180-200 °C, DpeCCYlOlI(ee YCDJlDe 18,8 KH, )J;aBJIeHOe Bos,u;yxa
,u;JlR DpD)RDMa DOJly4)OpM 0,2-0,5 Mna, MO HocTb BarpeBaTeJlbHLIX 3J1eMeHTOB
0,5 KBT. ra6apBTaide paSMepbI 475 X 460 X 2040 MM,
OGepTo'llll>le CTaBKH. 06epTKa KOJleI( TRaBeBOB: JleHTOqKOH DpODSBO,u;DTCR
Ha CTaHltaX DpRMOH D CDOpaJl&HOH 06MOTKII. Ha CTaaKe ,u;JlR DpRMOH 06epTKII
KOJle KOJlbI(O SaDpaBJIReTCR B mKDB, DMelO lIB: DpOT01JKY; Ty,u;a me SaDpaBJIReTCR
KOHeI( 06epTOqHOB: JleHTI>I; cBepxy KOJIbI(O 3aKpbIBaeTCR Do,u;'beMBLIM !DRDBOM,
llpD DOBOpa1JDBaBHII ROJl& a CDCTeMa pOJlHKOB 06epTidBaeT ero JleHTOqKOH, a Bepx-
HHii Do,u;'beMHIdB: !DRDB DpOD3BO,u;DT DpBKaTKY, CTaaoK cBa6maeTCR DBTaTeJleM ,u;JlR
Do,u;a1JD JleBTOqKII, saKaTaHBOB: B BaJIBE,
Ha HeKOTOpl>IX OTe1JeCTBeBHblX saBo,u;ax aKcDJlyaTDpyeTcR CTaHOK ,u;JlR DpRMOB:
o6epTKII TDDa CRO-2, KOTOpl>Iii xapaKTepH8yeTcJI cJle,u;ylODJ,BMH ,u;aHBLlMD: ,u;D3MeTp
06epTI>IBaeMOro KOJlbI(a 400-1000 MM, qaCTOTa BpaII\eHDR DpDKaTIdBalO BX BaJlD-
KOB 56 06/MHH, mDpDHa 06epTOqBOH JleHTI>I 50-90 MM, MOII\HOCTI> aJleKTpOHarpe-
BaTeJlR DpDBo,u;a CTaHRa 0,6 KBT, 3TOT CTaBOR ceiqac saMeBReTCR 60Jlee COBpeMeH-
HLIJm CTaBKaMH CDHpaJlbBOi 06epTo, pa60TalOm,HMB DO DpHUI(DDy 06eraBDR
K8TymRII C Jlem01lRoi BOKP1r npOBOJlO'lllOro ROJlIt a,
300
AJiR CDRpaJlbHOrO 06epTWBaHIIR fiOpT0BldX KeJle TRaBeBOB: JleHTOB B CCCP
BIdDYCKaeTCR CTaHOR 101-04. OB COCTOBT lIS HHmHeB: B BepxneB: CTaBBB, HaMOT01lHOro
MexaBIISMa, pommOB DOAaqll fioPToBoro ROJlb a, DBeBMOI(JIJlDBAPOB, MeXaBJI8Ha
npDmDKa 60pToBoro ROJlb a II TRrH. B BDmBeB: CTaBDHe paCDOJlOmeB aJleKTpO,t(BB-
raTeJlb MOII\BOCTblO 1,3 RBT, DpIIBOAR B ABDmeHlle 1Jepes RJlIIBOpeHeBHyIO
DepeAaqy rJlaBBLlH BaJl, YCTaBOBJleBHbIB B BepxHeH CTaHDHe, KOTOpl>Iii, B CBOIO Oqe-
peAb, Bpam,aeT mnYJlIo U pOJlJIRII DOAa1J1I 60PTOBOrO ROJlbI(a, BOPTOBOe KOJlbl:(O npll-
mllMaeTCR R pOJllIKaM DOAaqD C DOHO blO DBeBMOI(JIJlDHApa U CDCTeMJi[ TRr, B Ko e
ODepaI(JIII 06epTWBaBIIR 60pToBoro KOJlb a rJlaBBLlH BaJl DpHTOpMamllBaeTCR npu
DOMO II naeBMoycTpOHCTBa, TeXHH1JeCKaR xapaKTepDCTBKa CTaHRa 101-04 DpIlBO-
ARTCR HRme:
BOyTpeBBJIii: ABaMeTp 6opTOBYX ROJIeu;, MIl , ,
I1poBaBO UTeJIbROCTb (npB 06ePTLlB8.RHIl 6op-
TOBHX ROJIen; HaMeTpOM 508 MIl), mT/q
Han60JIbmlUl DIHpHBa JIeBTLI, MM ."".
mar CDBp8JIH oOepTLlBIUOJQeii JIeOTY, MIl , , ,
mHpIIOa ROJIeu; C 6opTOBOi JIeOTLI, MIl , , , ,
ORPY'KBIUI CROpOCTb no a'lB ROJIbu;a, M/MBB
Ma1IlBBBoe BpeMJI o6epTJUt ROJIeu;, C
AHaMeTpOM 330 )1M
HlIKeTpoM 1066 MIl
'IacToTa BpaJD;eBBJI, o6/MIIB , ,
,l{aBJleBBe Boa yxa B CeTU, MIla
:3neRTpO BlII'aTeJlb
THn """,.",
MOJQBOCTb, RBT , , , , . ,
qaCTOTa BpaJD;eBBJI, 06/MIIB
ra6apHTIIHe paaMepy, MIl
JIBBa ,
IDHpBBa
BLiCOTa
Macca, IU'
330-1066
120
24
24
8-t7
20.4
3.2
10
850
0.5-0.6
AOJIC2-22-6
1.3
810
830
590
2260
398
KpWJII.eBwe CTaBRB. nOMe DPOAOJlbHOB: DJlD CDHpaJlbHOii 06ePTKB Ba 60pToooe
1tOJlbI(O DOKpLImKR HaRJlaAI>IBalOT HaDOJlORTeJlbBI>IH mHYP D 06peSDHeHByro TKaBe-
BYlO DnD KOp,u;HYlO JleHTY - TaR HaSIdBaeMYlO Kpl>IJlbeBYlO JleHTY (4)JlIIDDep), 3TY
Jlemy yRJla,u;LIBalOT TaK, qT061d KOH I>I ee 06paSOBaJlD «BOPOTBJIR» CO CTYDeHbKaMlI,
CTaHKII AJIR YKasaBBOB: OIiepaI(JID HaSIdBalOTCR «KPIdJlI>eBI>IMD»,
. AJIR HaJlOmeHRR KpIdJl&eBOH JleHTI>I Ha KOJlbI(a AJIR rPYSOBI>IX DOKpldmeK H8
OTe1JeCTBeHHIdX saBOAax DpOMeBRlOTCR KpldJlbeBlde CTaHKD CR$-3, CR$-5 u CRcD-6,
AJIR JIerROBI>IX DOKpldmeK - CR$-4.
RpbIJibeBOH CTaHOK CR$-3 AJIR rpYSOBIdX DORpbImeK DOKasaH Ha pDC, 9,24,
00 COCTODT D3 CTOHKD 5 II Hecym.eB: CTaOHHI>I 2, Ba KOTOpOB: CMOBTlIpOBaBW nOAa-
lOII\Hi MexaBDSM 1 D DpDBOAHOB: MeXaBDSM DpDKaTOqBLlX pOJlDKOB 3, llpDBOA 4
pa60TaeT OT aCRHxpOHHoro aJleKTpOABDraTeJlR. CTaHKD pa60TawT CJle,u;YlODJ,HM 06pa-
SOH: 60pTOBoe KOJlbI(O YCTaHaBJlDBalOT Ha DOAAepmDBalOII\De pOJlBKD 8 (JleBI>IB: DPIl-
KaT01JBbIB: pOJlDK DPD aTOM OTBeAeo). 3aTeM R KOJlbI(Y DOABOARTCR Kpl>IJlbeBaR JleBTa,
KOTopaR DPD DOHO D CDCTeMId pOJlIIKOB 3 D BaDpaBJlRlOII\DX JlOTKOB 7 06epTI>IBaeTCR
BOKpyr 60pToBoro KOJlbI(a.
CTaBKII CR$-5 AJiR DSrOTOBJleHRR KpldJlbeB DOKpldweK C DocaA01JBLlM ADaweT-
pOM OT 24 AO 32" D CRcI>-6 - C Doca,u;OqHIdM ADaMeTpOM 40" YCTpOeBI.I aHaJIOrllqBO
cTaHKy CR$-3, Y CTpOHCTBO CTaHRa CRcI>-4, DpDMeHReMOro npeDMYII\eCTBeHHO AJIR
DsrOTOBneHDR KpldJlbeB JlerKOBIdX DOKpLImeR, OTJlH1JaeTCR OT YCTpOB:CTBa CTaBKa
CRcI>-3 TeM, '{TO DOAalO OH MexaHIISHOM Y Hero CJlymDT DpBKaTOqHI>IB ABCK. CTa-
HOK OCBam,eH pl>IqamHIdM YCTpoiicTBOM C Ha60pOM comHDKOB D pOJlDKOB AJIR BPD-
KaTRII KpbIJlbeB,
30t
z
95 85
6
c::.
i!
...
...
"'?
680
PRC, 9,24, CTaJlOK CRcII-3 p.JJSI BSI'O'J'OIlJl8IIBII KpwneB rpyaOBLIX IIOKpYllleK:
1 - DO.Q1IlO11(RJt 1IIeX8H118M; 2 - CTaBBII8; 8 - Dpn81O'Im.dt POJIBJ(; 4 - upno.Q; 6 - C'1'01H8; 8 - UPDBO.QROA
MeX8H118M UPIIK81O'IRIU PMllKOS; 1 - RaupasmnoJqd BOTOlf; 8 - DO.Q.QepIfCBB8IOIft1rit POJlBJ(.
HH)I,e DpBBe,u;eHa TeXBuqeCKaR XapaKTepUCTBK8 KpldJlbeBIdX CTaHKOB 1JeTbIpeX
MapOK, BIdDycKaeMIdX OTe1JeCTBeBBIdMD SaBOp;aMB:
CK4J>-3
IIpoHSBOWlTeJlLBOCTL, m:r/q " 143
PasMephl KOJlLn:a, MM (7.50-20).
BBYTPeBBBB AB8MeTp , : . 381-530
mBpDRa , , , , , , , " 8-16
BHCOTa """". 6-18
IDRpBRa KpLIJILeBOi JleBTH, MM 70-140
CKOpOCTL IIPHKaTKB, M/c , , 0.59
'lacToTa Bp
eB_, o6/MBB
IIpl1KaTOQBHX pOJlBKOB 125
3aKaTOQBOrO ABCKa
,I\HaMeTp 6060H, MM .
3JleKTpO
Bl1raT8nB
THII , . . , , , ,
MO
BOCTL, KBT
QaCTOTa Bp
eBBR, 06/MHB
fa6apHTBhle pasMepH, MM
J1HBa ,
mHpDBa
BhlOOTa ,'."
Macca, Kr , , , , . ,
CR
4
170
(5.00-16)
330-530
8-15
6-18
70-140
0.74
188
62.5
CR
&
50
(21.00-18)
600-860
8-16
20-40
200-220
0.59
125
, AOJI2-21-4 AOJI2-11-4 AOJI2-21-4
1.1 0.6 1.1
1400 1400 1400
* P88Mep DOlfPW1llKll.
302
680
750
1430
338
960
580
1560
214
730
745
1475
340
CR
6
46
(12-38)
1000-1100
8-12
18-25
250-320
0.59
125
300
AOJI2-21-4
1.1
1400
770
850
1440
355
IIaTaTeJIB 1C Rpwm.eBI>IJI CT8B1C8II. R ODHC811HW1 KpHJlI>eBLDI CTIUlKUI Cl(Cf}-3
II CKCb-4 BldnycKaeTCR DBTaTeJIb CRn-2, a R CTaHRY CK$-5 - DBTaTem. CRn-3.
3TII DJlT8TeJIB npeABaSBa1JeBLl ,u;JlR no,u;a1IB 06peSDHeBHOB TKaBeBOB: JleRTH Ba
Kpl>lJlbeBOB CTaHOR, OHII XapaKTepllsyroTCR CJleA}'IO
BMII ,u;aBBLlM1l:
nBTat'eaR
CRn-2 CRn.3
PaaMepl>I paCKaTO'lBoit 606uRI>I, 14M
mRpBRa , , , , , , , , , ,
AUlIKeTp , . , , , , , . , .
IDRpBRa JIeBTI>I, MM ,.""
CKOpOCTL DOAa'IB neBTI>I, M/MBR
0puBOARoit poJDl1(
BlIKeTp, )Of , , , , , , ,
1laCTOTa Bp
eBIIR, 06/11ID1
:3JIeKTpOABuraTeJlL
Tm """"'"
MO
OCTL, KBT .,."
'1aCTOTa Bp
eBBJI, 06/MBH
fa6apBTHHe p88Mepl>I, 101M
AJIBRa .
mupUBa
BI>lOOTa
Macea, Kr ,
200
150
37,6
120
100
AOJI-21-4
0,27
1400
830
530
1880
167
250
150
200-220
37,6
120
100
AOJI-21-4
0,27
1400
830
530
1880
160
9,10,2, CTaHKH AnR HsrOTosneHHR Kpblnbes
paAHanbHblX WHH
B OTJlU1Jlle OT ,u;DarOHaJlbBIdX mUH 60pTa mDH, oco6eHBO rPYSOBIdX, C Mepll,u;HO-
HaJlbHLIK paCDOJlOmeHDeH BUTeB Rop,u;a B RapKace IICDI>ITIdBalOT SHa1JUTeJlbHO 60Jlb-
mDe pa,u;DaJlbHlde ,u;e4>oPM
DD. lloaToMY OBII ,u;eJlaIOTCJI HaMHOrO meCT1Je, 1JeM 60pTa
,u;uarOBaJlbBIdX mHU,
AJiR Toro, 1JT061d DpH,u;aTb 60PTY meCTKOCTb Rpl>lJlO ,u;JlR rPYSOBI>IX IIIBB TIDa P
DJlD PC ,u;eJlaeTCR C MaCCDBHIdH BaDOJlBUTeJlbBLIM mnypoH TpeyrOJlbBOrO ce1JeHUR
(ocBoBaHDe TpeyrOJlbHDKa 15 MM, BI>ICOTa 80 MM) D, KpOMe Toro, B 60pT BBO,u;HTCR
CDeI(HaJlbBaJl MeTaJlJlOKOPAHaR JleBTa, OAHaKO HaJlOmHTb ROBI(eHTpH1JBO MeTaJlJlO-
KOp,u;HYlO JleHTY Ha 60pT DOKpl>IWKK B Dpo
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II, YBHBepCaJIbHOCTblO, Ba,nemBOCTblO, 6L1CTpo,neiicTBlleM B pa60Te.
2 3 45 11 12 1J
<::::\
/4
15
5
PRC. 10.1. DOJlYlUIocKB B ClUlaALlBalOmaBCJI lIempeXC8rweBTBHi c6opo'IBLIii 6apa6an:
a - pa8pe8 Clapa6aBa; 6 - ClapaClaa B paClo'leM DMOme1Dlll;
1 - coeAII1IIft'eaTaJI MY4n'a; S, 6 - neBaR u npaBaJI CIoproBY8 R8M8.ltKB (mre'IBRR); 8 - OCROBIIJDIC cer..earoB;
4 - Bap1Jl(BAR R8M8AKa; 6 - 110m; ., - CTyIIBtta; 8 - \!IBKO&'1'OP; II - ploI'IalKllaJIlf14n'a; 10 -- IIMOPTllBarop;
11,18 - ceJ'IIeJI'I'IoI; 11 - BRRT; 14, 16 - plol'laru.
o
8
OnHcaSlle
leHbmalOIQHXCII no AHaMeTPY nOJIynJlOCRIIX 6apa6aBOB npllBO}l;HTCII
HHme npll OnllCaBHII COOTBeTCTBYIOIQIIX c60p01JHHX CTaHROB.
10.1.3. nonYAopHoBbie 6apa6aHbI
B nORpbIDIKax, c06paHBhIx sa nOJIynJIOCKHX 6apa6aBax, B npo
ecce IIX tlJop-
MOBaHHH, T. e. npll,naBHH 11M Topo06pa3HOB: tlJOPMH, BeH36eHCeB nOBopOT CJIOeB
Rop,na BOKpyr npOBOJI01JSOro 60pTOBoro KOJIb
a.
;I1.JIII MHOrOcJIoiiBHX nOnpLImeK C HeCKOJIbKHMII (,nBYMII II 60JIee) KpLlJIbllMH
D 60pTe KaRlle-JI1I60 CMeIQeBHII 60pTOBLlX ,neTaJIeB npll tlJopMoBaHlI1I se,nonYCTHl\ILI,
TaK RaK 8TO HBJIlleTCII nps1JIIHoii B03HHKHOBeHHII cepbe3HLlX ,netlJeRToB B rOTOBOM
H3,neJIHII. IIOSTOMY npll c60pKe no,n06HhIX nOKpLlmeK 60pTaM cpa3Y npHAalOT TaKYIO
4>OPMY, KaKYIO OBII lIMelOT B BYJIKaHH30BaBHOB: nOKpLlmKe. BOT n01JeMY tlJopMa
nJIe1JHKOB Y 6apa6asOB ,nJIII MBOrOcJIoiiBLlX nOKpLlmeK C ,nBYMH II 66JIbmllM qHCJIOM
RphIJILeB no cBoeMY OqepTaHHIO 6JIB8Ka K tlJopMe 60pTa Y rOToBoB nOKpLlmKII.
B mllHBou npOMI>IIJIJIeHHOCTH npHMeHHIOTclI nOJIy,nopBoBLle C60p01JHhIe 6apa-
{)aBhI BeCKOJIbKHX THnOB. HaH60JIbmee pacnpocTpaBeBHe nOJIyqHJIH CKJIaAhIBa-
IOIQlleCII 1JempeXCerMeBTHLle 6apa6aHLI, KOBCTPYK
HH KOTOpLlX B npHH
ne MaJIO
OTJIH1JaeTCII OT OnHCaHBhIX Bl>IIJIe 1JeTLlpeXCerMeHTHLlx nOJIynJIOCKHX 6apa6aHOB.
O,nBaKO TaKall KOBCTPYKInIH nplleMJIeMa TOJIbKO ,nJIII 6apa6aHOB, Y KOTOpLlX OTBO-
meBHe BapymBoro Jl,lIaMeTpa K BBYTpeHBeMY ,nllaMeTPY KpHJIa nOKpHmKII Be
311
npeBLlmaeT 1,3 llJIH, 1JTO O,nBO H TO me, OTBomeHlle BBemBero ,nllaMeTpa no KOPOB&
K BHYTpeBBeMY AHaMeTpy no 60pTOBoii 1JaCTH 6apa6aHa He npeBLlmaeT 1,45. ECJIII
8TH OTBOmeBIIII 60Jlbme, TO CBIITb c06paBHYIO nOKpLlmKY CO CJIOmeBHOro 1JeTHpeX-
cerMeBTBoro 6apa6aHa BeJIb3H.
;I1.JIII C60PKII nOKpLlmeK C nOBLImeBBOB: KOpOHOii, HanpHMep nOKpLImeK pa3Mepa
14,00-20 II 60JIbme, Ha OTeqeCTBeBHLlX mHBHLlX 3aBo,nax npllMeBlllOTCII CKJIa,nLIBa-
IOIQHeCH 1JeThIpeXcerMeHTBLle 6apa6aHLI co C'beMBLlMII 60pTOBbiMII BaRJI8)\KaMB
J " 5 B 7
I
o
9
"
6
Poc. 10.2. DM}'AOpBOBLIii mecTBcerMesTllLlit CKJJaALlBaJOmniiCJI.6apa6aB co C'l>eMBmfB DJle'DI-
KaMJI:
II - paape8 ClapaClaHa; 6 - ClapaGaR B CJI0meRHOM BllJle;
1 - C1'}'IDJ1{a; ! -
MBoe DJle'IBKO; 8 - CIoPTOBaJl R8Rn8.ltKa; 4 - OCHOBaRHe ceI'lleBTa; 6 - RapymRall
R8RJI8.ltKa; 6 - OCI> mapnupa; '1 - pH'lar; 8 - coe.Qmurrem.RaII MYcjlTa; 9 - cerMeRTW; 10 - lI)I}')f(IIRa.
(nJIe1JlIRaMII) llJIH pa360pHO-CKJIa,nLlBaIOIQHeCII 6apa6aHLI C meCTblO llJIJI BoceMblO
cerMeBTaMH, Y KOTOpLlX C'beMHHMH IIBJIIlIOTCII Be TOJIbKO nJIe1JIIRII, BO II OT,neJIbHLle
CerMeBTLI (pIIC. 10.2). IIepe,n CKJIa,nHBaHlleM TaKoro 6apa6aBa nOCJIe CBHTHII nJIe1JII-
ROB BLlBHMalOT ,nBa pa360pBLlX cerMeBTa (Ba pllcyaKe He nOKa3aHLI).):\aJIee npo
eec
CKJIa,nLIBaBIIII HJIII pa3BePTLlBaBHII 6apa6aBa OCYIQeCTBJIlleTCII aBTOMaTHqeCKII, TaR
me KaK II Y CKJIa,nLlB8IOIQIIXCII 1JempeXCerMeBTBLlX 6apa6aBOB
eBTp06emBoro
AeiicTBIIII, ODIIcaBlle KOTOpHX npHBe,neBo BLlme.
):\JIII C60PKII nOKpHmeK npellMyIQeCTBeHBO Cne
HaJIbHOrO Ba3Ba1JeBIIII, Kor,na
HCnOJIb3yIOTcII 6apa6aBH CO CBepXBLlCOKOii KOpOHOii, a OTBOmeH1le BapymHoro AHa-
MeTpa 6apa6aHOB K BHYTpeBHeMY ,nHaMeTpy 60pTOBLlX KpLlJIbeB npeBLlmaeT 1,45,
Ba 8apy6emBhIx mHHBLlX 3aBo,nax npHMeHHIOTCII CKJIa,nhIBalOlItlleCII pa3ABHmBLle
nOJIy,nopHoBHe 6apa6aBLI.
10.1.4. XapaKTepHcTHKa OTe
eCTBeHHbIX C60P0'4HbIX
6apa6aHoB
B OTe1JeCTBeBHoii mllBHoii npOMldmJIeBBOCTII H3-3a npOCTOTLI KOHCTPYK
npllMeBHIOTCH npeHMYJI(eCTBeHHO 1JeTLlpeXCerMeHTHhIe nOJIynJIOCKHe II nOJIy,nopBOBHe
CKJIa,nLlBaIOIQlleCH 6apa6aHLI. B 3aBHCIIMOCTH OT BLICOTLI KOpOBLI Y c06HpaeMLlX
312
Ta6ltUifa 10.1. OCRoBRwe DapaMeTpW R pasMepw (B MM) DOJl)'IIJIOCKBX cKn
WBaIO
DXCJI
.fiapa6aaoB K CTaBKaM An,. C60pKB DOKpblweK (o6oaBa'leBBJI- CM. pRC. 10.1)
OOHOBHye uapaMeTpy I PasMepy CTYUBJ:U>I
¥CnOBHye 0150- PaaMepy col5BpaeMhlx nepDMeTp
B CnOIReH-
SHa'leBHII l5apa- UOKPWIDeK HOro l5a-
6aaOB D I d I pal5aHa.
He l50nee
MBH. MaKC.
270-1
260-340
4.50-9
270
260
340 I 50 I 240
685
290-1 4,00-10;
24O-34i) 5.00-10; 290 240 340 50 240 740
160-254
5.00-13;
360-1 5.20-13; 360 260 360 50 240 915
260:300 5.90-13;
6.00-13
440-1 2.50-16;
140-220 3.25-16; 440 140 220 50 240 1130
3.50-16
I
440-1 I 5.00-16 220 I 280 I I I
22Q:28O
440-1 I 5.60-16; 290 I 370 I 50 I 240 I 1120
200=370 6,40-15
6.70-15; 440
440-1 7.00-15;
380-500 7,10-15; 380 500
8,20-15;
8.40-15
440-1 I 8.90-15 500 I 600 I I I
wo:ooo
460-1 I 4.00-16; 220 I 280
220-280 5.00-16
460 50 240 1170
460-1 5.50-16;
300-410 6.00-16; 300 410
6.50-16
470-1 4.00-17 470 200 300 50 240 1230
200-300
475-1 7.50-16; 475 380 460 50 240 1200
380-460 200-16
490-1 3;60-18 490 140 230 50 240 I' 1250
510-1 2.25-19; 510 110 160 50 240 I 1325
TI<f.16O 2.50-19
313
OCROBBwe DapaMeTpH Pa3MepW CTJDBJUI
}'OnOBBHe oGo- PII8MepW colhrpaeIIHX 1-.-1-- !fepJlMe11>
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. II I pafiaua,
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150-220 150 220 50 240 1325
510
510-1 I 3,75-19 I I I
220-300 220 300
5751 I 6.50-20
290-420 290 420
575-1 I 575 50 240 1550
7,50; 200-20;
420-500 210-508 420 500
OpOa9A:JIC."U. .1l6A. 10.1.
565-1
140=200
575.1
290=420
575-1
420-500
785.1
480:600
885-1
3QO:46O
1040-1
500=720
1090-1
1135-1
380:480
565.1
140-200
2.75-21; 565
3,00-21
6,50-20;
575
7.50; 200-20;
210-508
10-28 785
8-32; 885
1250-200
11-38; 1040
12-38
8,25-40 1090
9-42 1135
2,75-21; 565
3,00-21
785-1 10-28 785
480-600
885-1 18-32; 1250-200
300-460 885
1040-1 11-38;
560-720 12-38 1040
1090-1 8.25-40 1090
350-420
1135-1 9-42 1135
380-48 0
314
140 200
290 420
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480 600
300 460
560 720
350 420
380 480
140 200
I
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t
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1 50 1 240
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1 70 1 250
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150 1 240
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1 1550
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I 2020
I 2400
1 2610
I 2740
I 2832
1 1470
480 600 70 250 I 2020
300 460 70 250 I. 2400
560 720 70 250 I 2610
350 420 70 250 I 2740
380 480 70 250 I 2832
Tao/tulfa 10.2. OcuoBBble DapaJlfeTpw: H pasMepbl (B IIIJI) DonYAopuoBbiX cKJlaAblB8IO
BXcli
4»apa6aaoB K CTaUKaM AJlII c60pu DOJcphlmeK (06oSUa'leBBII-cM. pRC. 10.2)
QcROBlfWe uapaMeTpW paSMepw II:
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d I
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== !XI
520-TIA 8,25-15; 8,40-15 520 380 470 50 250 1170 A
380-470
540-nA I 9,00-16; 230-16 1 540 450 I 560 1 70 1 250 I 1225 1 A
450-560
550-IIB
380-500
9,00-15
I 550 I 380 1 500 I 70 I 250 I 1100 I B
660- nB 950 X 420-406; 980 X 390-406 600 560 740 70 250 1210 B
560-740
605-IIB I 12-16; 310-406 I 605 I 480 I 580 I 70 I 250 1 1220 B
480-580
64O-nA I 10.00-18 450 I 560 1 70 1 250 1 1420 A
450-560
640-nA I 640 1 I I 1 1
560-680 11,00-18; 12,00-18 560 680
660-nA 7,50-20; 210-20; 200-508; 320 480 70 250 I
I A
320-480 8,25-20; 9-20; 8-20;
200-508P; 240-508P
660
660-nA 240-508P; 260-20; 260-508; 450 580
450-580 200-508P; 270-508; 270-508P
675-IIA 10.00-20; 11.00-20; 280-508P 1 675 1 440 I 600 I 70 250 1 1565 1 A
440-600
680-nB 1 13.00-18 680 I 620 I 800 I 70 I 250 1 1390 , B
620-800
710-nA I 280-508P; 300-508P 400 1 520
400-520
710-nA 12,00-20; 300-508; 710 520 690 70 250 1560 A
520-690 320-508; 32O-508P
725-IIB 1000-600 '
I
760 '0 I
1490 B
5GO-760
315
Op080A:1IteHUe ma6A. 10.2
OCROBlDle DapaareTPW PaaMepl>1 .Is
CTYDIIIUI
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Qr::
liapaGaRoB D G>2 8 Iii
1°" '"
II . 1:10111 111 :II
1:10
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t:ld III
765-nB-1 14,00-20
600-750
765 600 750 70 250 1530 B
765-llB-2 I 15-20
6()()' 750
780-llB 15.00-20 780 660 850 70
660-850
80s-nA 15-24 805 630 780 70
630-780
810-nA 1140-600; 1140-700 810 670 820 70
670-820
870-llB 16.00-20 870 750 900 70
750-900
250 11540 I B
250 11820 1 A
250 11730 I A
250 11540 I B
970-nB-1 I 16,00-24
710-850
970 710 850 100 320 1870 B
970-nB-2 I 15-30
710-850
900-llB 18,00-24; 1500x600-635; 990 800 1100 100 320 1795 B
800-1100 18,00-25
114S-llB
710-1000
1000-nB I
900-1150
I
I
23,1118-26
1 1000 I
/1060 I
1 1145
900 I 1150 1 100 320 1 1960 I B
710 11100 1100 320 12150 I B
710 11000 \ 100 I 320 1 2420 I B
i06O-llB
710-1100
18,00-28; 21.00-28
17.00-32; 18,00-32
nOKpLImeK nOJIy,nopHoBhIe 6apa6aHH ,nJIII MaCCOBoro accopTHMeBTa nOKpblmeR
BLlnycRalOTclI C BeC'beMBLlMH (HcnOJIHeHHe nepBoe) II co C'beMHbIJ.1H (lIcnOJIHeBlle
BTopoe) 60PTOBhIMII BaKJIa,nKaMH.
Ha 6apa6aHH, npHMeHHeMLIe B OTe1JeCTBeHHOii mHHBOB: npOMbImJIeBBOCTH AJIH
C60PKH nOKpLlmeK aBTOM06HJIbHLlX mllB, C 1 lIHBapH 1968 r. BBe,neBLJ BOpM8JJII,
B KOTOphIX OTpameBLI OCBOBHHe napaMeTpH.
B Ta6JI. 10.1 H 10.2 npHBe,neHLI OCHOBBbIe napaMeTpLl II paSMepbI nOJIynJIOCKHX
H nOJIy,nopHOBhIX 6apa6aHoB R CTaBKaM ,nJIH C60PKH nOKpLImeR.
316
10.2. MEXAHH3HPOBAHHblE CKAnKH
IIpll c60pKe nOKphUUeR 6paCJIeTHLlM MeTo,noM ,nJIII Ba,neBaBIIH 6pacJIeTa Ha
C60P01JBhIB 6apa6aH nOJIb3YIOTCII MexaHH3HpOBaBBoii CKaJIKOB: CIICTeMLI MumaRoBa,
mllpoRo npllMeBlleMOB: Ba OTe1JeCTBeHHLlX mHHHldX aaBo,nax.
MexaH1I311pOB8.BHall CKaJIKa (pIlC. 10.3) yl<penJIeHa Ba BepXHeB: 1JaCTII CTaHHBLI
12 C60p01JBOrO CTaHKa. MexaBH3M CKaJIKH COCTOHT 113 DHeBMO
JIIIB,npa 7, 3aKpen-
JIeHHorO B cepbre 8 RpoBmTeBHa 9, mTOKa 13, coe,nllBeBBoro C rOJIOBROB: 15. B 9TOi:
rOJIOBKe Ba OCII 18 aaRpenJIeB Ropnyc 17, B KOTOpOM ROBCOJIbBO Ha mapllKOnOAJIIlln-
BIIKax YRpenJIeHa CB060AHo BpaIQ8.IOIQallCH CKaJIKa 19. Ha BepXBeM KOH
e OCH 18
meCTKO YKpenJIeB 3y61JaTLIii ceRTop 16, coe,nHBeBBLlii C 1JepBHKOM 3, Ha KOH
e
KOToporo YRpenJIeH MaXOBII1JOK ,nJIII nOBOpOTa CKaJIKH Ba Tpe6yeMhIii yrOJI npll Ha,ne-
BaDII 6paCJIeTa Ba 6apa6aH. rOJIOBKa 15 CKOJIb8HT no ABYM BanpaBJIHIOIQIIM 4,
meCTRO YRpenJIeHHHM B IQeKaX 5H 6. KOAHOB 113 HanpaBJIHIOIQIIX KpeDHTCH mTaBra 2,
Ba KOTOpoii nocameBLI OTKHAHLle pOJIIIKII 1, CJIymaIQlle ,nJIII
eHTpoBKH ,neTaJIeii:
nOKphUURH (6peKepa, npoTeKTopa II AP.) npll BaJIOmeBIIII HX Ba 6apa6'aB.
IIOJIOCTII nBeBMO
JIHH,npa 7 coe,nHHeBLI B03.nyxonpOBo,naMH C KJIanaBOM 14,
CJIymaIQIIM AJIH ynpaBJIeBIIH CKaJIKoH.
PaccTolIHHe Mem.ny nOBepXHOCTblO 6apa6aBa II CKaJIROB: ,nOJImHO 6b1Tb no B03-
MomBOCTII MHBHMaJIbHLIM, 1JT06L1 MeBbme paCTllrHBaTb 6paCJIeT npH Ha,neBaHHH ero
Ha 6apa6aB. II08ToMY B CJIY1Jae YCTaHOBKIl 6apa6aHa C MeHbmHM HJIII 66JIbmllM ,nHa-
MeTpOM, a TaKme 113MeBeHHH ero ,nHaMeTpa no Mepe Ha,neBaBHII 6paCJIeTOB, oc06eHHo
npll c60pKe MBOrOCJIOHHLlX nOKpLlmeK, nOJIb3YlOTCII YCTpoiicTBOM, COCTOIIIQBM JlS-
BHHTa 11 C onopoii II nOBopoTHOii My4JTLI 10, YRpenJIeHBOii B BepxHeii 1JaCTH CTaBIIBbl
CTaHKa. llOBOpa1JHBall My4JTy, MomBO onycTHTb HJIII no,nHHTb CKaJIKY.
BpaCJIeT Ha,neBalOT Ha 6apa6aB cJIe,nyIOIQHM 06pa30M. IIpH nOBOpOTe PYKOHTKH
RJIanaua 14 B 3aAHIOIO nOJIOCTL nHeBMO
HJIllBApa 7 nocTynaeT B03,nyX, H CKaJIKa 1fi
no,naeTCH Bnepe,n, T. e. 3aBHMaeT pa601Jee nOJIOmeBHe (Ha pHC. 10.3 nOKa3aHO nOJIO-
)ReHHe C BLI,nBI'lHYTOii CKaJIKoii). IIocJIe 8Toro c60PIQIIK 6epeT 6paCJIeT II Ha,neBaeT
ero Ha CKaJIKY H C60P01JHLlii 6apa6aH, BKJII01JaeT C60P01JHHii 6apa6aH H, MeBHII Maxo-
BH1JKOM nOJIOmeBHe CKaJIKH (T. e. YCTaHaBJIIIBaH ee no,n Be06xo,nHMLIM yrJIOM R OCR
BpaIQeBIIII 6apa6aHa), Ba,neBaeT 6paCJIeT Ha 6apa6aH. IIocJIe BLlpaBHHB8HHH 6pac-
JIeTa pa601Jri OCTaHaBJIHBaeT C60P01JHLlB: 6apa6aH H nOBopoTOM pyKOHTKH KJIanaHa
14 B03BpalItaeT CKaJIKY B IIcxo,nHoe nOJIOmeHlle. IIpaBHJIbHoCTb pacnOJIO)ReHHH
(
eBTpoBKY) 6paCJIeTOB H npOTeKTopa C60p
HK npOBepHeT, onycKall mTaHry 2
c. pOJIHKaMH 1.
10.3. CT AHKH Anfl C60PKH AHArOHAnbHblX
nOKPblWEK
IIpo
eccLI C60PRH nOKpLImeK THna P H AHarOBaJIbHLlX nOKpLlmeK cYIQeCTBeHHo-
pa3JIH1JaIOTclI.
JIH C60PKH nOKphImeK THna P npHMeBHIOTclI CneInIaJIbHLIe CTaHRII,
OIDlcaHHe KOTOpLlX npHBo,nHTCH B pa3,neJIe 10.4. O,nHaKo pll,n onepa
lIi aHaJIOrH1JeH
II BLlnOJIHHeTCH Ha O,nHIIX H Tex i!{e CTaHKax. 'Y1JIIThIBaH 8TO 06CTOllTeJIbCTBO, B Ba-
CTOJlIQeM pa3,neJIe paCCMaTpHBalOTCH B OCHOBHOM CTaHRH ,nJIII C60PRH AllarOBaJIbHhIX
nOKpLlmeR, Ha KOTOphIX MO)RHO TaKme BhInOJIHlITb pll,n onepaInIii no c60pKe pa.nnaJIb-
HLIX nOKpbIDIeK.
10.3.1. HnaccH4!HKaU.HfI C60P0'4HbIX CTaHKOB
o HaCTOHm;ero BpeMeHH B OTe1JecTBeHHoii JIHTepaType CTaBKII P;JIII C60PKH
nOKpLlmeK npHHHTO no,npa3,nCJIHTb Ha nOJIynJIOCKHe H nOJIy,nopHOBHe B 3aBHCHHOCTH
OT npHMeHHeMOro C60p01JHOrO 6apa6aHa. 06'bHCBHeTCH 8TO rJIaBBLlM 06pa30M TeM,
1JTO Ha nOJIynJIOCRHX 6apa6aHax c06HpalOTcII npellMyIQeCTBeBHO nOCJIOB:HbUrf
317
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g., ::II ......
KeTOAOM nOKphUUKH, y ROTOpL1X TOJIbKO no OABOMY KpLlJIY B 60pTax, a Ba nOJIYAopBe-
BIU 6apa6aBax, RaR npaBIIJIO, HsrOTaBJIHBalOT nORpLlJI1KH C BeCROJIbKHMII RpLlJIb-
11M H B 6opTax.
B BeROTopLlX CJIY1JaIlX yRa3aHBoii RJIaCcH4JHKa
eii Bo06IQe BeJIb311 BOCnOJIb30-
BaTbCH. HanpllMep, BeHSBeCTBO, R RaRoii rpynne OTBeCTII CTallRII AJIII C60PRII BeJIO-
nORpLImeR, Y ROTOpbIX BeT C60P01JBLIX 6apa6aBOB, H CTaBRH, cBa6meBBbIe paCmBpJl-
IOIQIIMIICII 6apa6aHa)m ,nJIII C60PRII nOKpLlmeR H3 ymllpeBBhIX CJIOeB Rop,na, a TaR;Ke
CTaHKH C 8JIaCTH1JHhIMII ,nHa4JparMaMH HJIH nJIOCRIIMII 4JOpMyIO
6apa6aHa..
,nJI1I H3rOTOBJIeHHII nOKpLlmeK TIlDa P. KpOMe Toro, npll nOCJIOiiHOM MeTo,ne C60PRB
Ha nOJIy,nopHOBLlX 6apa6aBax, ROTOpLIii nOCTeneBBO BllITeCBHeT 6pacJIeTBLlii MeToA,
pa3JIII1JIIII MemAY nOJIy,nopHOBLIMH H nOJIynJIOCKHMH CTaBRaMH CTllpaIOTCII, TaR KIUt,
no cYIQeCTBY, 8TH CTaHKH OTJIH1JaIOTCII APyr OT APyra TOJIbKO pa3MepaMH, a He npe-
HnOM YCTpOHCTBa HJIII pa60TLI.
B CHJIY YRa3aHBLIX npH1JllB 60JIee nplleMJIeMOii CJIe,nyeT npH3HaTb KJIaCcH4JHKa-
HIO, B OCBOBY KOTOpoii nOJIOmeHO Ba3Ha1JeBlle CTaBKa. COrJIaCHO 8TOB: KJIaCcH4JIIKa-
H Bce C60p01JBLle CTaHKH pa3,neJIHIOT Ha meCTb rpynn. K nepBoii, BTOpoii, TpeTbei
H 1JeTBepToii rpynnaM OTHOCHT COOTBeTCTBeBBO CTaHRH AJIII C60PKII BeJIo- H MOTO-
nOKphImeK, JIerKOBLlX H rpY30BLIX nOKphUUeK. K nllToii rpynne npll1JHCJIllIOT CTaHRII
AJIH H3rOTOBJIeHH1I KpynBora6apHTBLIX nORpLlmeK THmeJIL1X aBTOM0611JIeii H CTpO:a-
TeJIbBLlX MamHH, K mecToii - CTaBKH ,nJIH C60PKH aBHanOKpHmeK H HeKOTopLlX cne-
HaJIbHLIX THnOB nOKpLlmeK II ,np.
OABaKo H 8Ta KJIaCcH4JIIKa
HII Be JIHmeBa BeROTophIX Be,nOCTaTKOB, nOCKOJIbKY
OHa Be y1JHTLIBaeT KOHCTpyRTHBBLIX oc06eHBOCTeii COBpeMeBBbIX C60P01JBLIX CTaH-
KOB. ):\eJIO B TOM, 1JTO BaH60JIee CJIOmBhIMH H OTBeTCTBeHBbIMH onepa
HHMH npo-
ecca C60PKH IIBJI1IIOTCH OnepaInIH, CBII3aBHHe C sa,neJIKOH 60pTOBOii 1JaCTII no-
KpLImRH. II08TOMY C60p01JHHe CTaHKH, BhInYCKaeMLle npOMLImJIeHHOCTblO B BaCTOH-
IQee BpeMII, OCHSIQeBLI np
nHaJIbHO BOBhIMH MeXaBII3MaMH AJIII BHnOJIHeH:HR
YRa3aBBLlX onepa
Hii. Ha 8THX CTaHKax 38;I\eJIRa 60pTa nORphUURII npOIl3Bo,nBTCH
Ba Bpam;a1OIQeMC1I HJIH Heno,nBllmBOM 6apa6aBe. II08TOMY ,naHHHii npH3BaR MomHO
nOJIOmHTb B OCHOBY HX KJIaCCH4JIIKa
HII H Bce COBpeMeBBHe CTaHKH pa3,neJIHTb sa
,nBe rpynnLl, OTHeC1I K nepBoii rpynne CTaBRH, y KOTOpLlX OCBOBBLIe onepaInIB no
3a,neJIKe 60pTa BLInOJIHHIOTCII Ba BpaIQalOIQeMCII 6apa6aBe, a KO BTOpoii - CTaBKH
paCC1JHTaBHLle sa BLInOJIHeHHe 8THX onepa
ii Ha Beno,nBHmBOM 6apa6aBe.
Cym;eCTBeHHhIMH KOHCTpyRTHBHLIMH oc06eHHOCTJlMH OTJIH1JaIOTCH CTaHKH C Tal(.
Ha3L1BaeMLIMH pa3){(IIMHhIMH 6apa6aHaMII, npe,nHa3Ha1JeBHLlMH ,nJIII C60PKH nOKpbI-
meK H3 ymHpenHLIX H 06hI1JBLIX CJIOeB Kop,na. II08TOMY nOA06HbIe CTaHKB cJleAyeT
OTBeCTH R TpeTbeH rpynne npe,nJIaraeMoii KJIaCcH4JIIK8.I(IIII. KaR yme OTMe1JaJIOCb
BhIme, npo
ecc C60PKJiI nOKpLImeK TIlDa P B 3aKJII01JHTeJIbHHX onepaInIHX cym,e-
CTBeHHO OTJIHqaeTC1I OT npo
ecca C60PKH ,nHarOHaJIbBLIX nOKpLImeK, 1JTO IIBlIJIOCb
npH1JlIBoii cYIQeCTBeHHOrO pa3JIH1JHII H C60p01JBOrO 060py,nOBaHHII ,nJIII HJlX. no-
8TOMY KJIaCcH4JHKa
HH CTaHKOB ,nJIH C60PKII pa,u;lIaJIbHHX nOKpLImeK AaHa B TOM iRe
pas,neJIe 10.4, r,ne npHBe,neHO HX onHcaBHe.
10.3.2. CTaHKH Anfl C60PKH nerKOBbiX
H MOT0ll.HKneTHbiX nOKpblweK
JIerKoBLle nOKpLlmRH 1IMeIOT He60JIbmOe 1JIICJIO CJIOeB Kop,na B KapKace H .pe-
Kepe (He 60JIee mecTH) H no O,nHOMY KpLlJIY B 60pTax. II08ToMY HX c06HpalOT Ba
nOJIynJIOCKHX 6apa6aHax.
COBpeMeHHLle CTaHKH ,nJIH C60PKH JIefROBbIX nOKphImeK AllarOHaJILHOii KeH-
CTPYRInID H AM nepBoi CTaAIIH C60PRH nOKphUUeK THna P BbInYCKalOTC1I Tpex TllnOB:
C sa,J;eJIKoii 60pTOB Ha BpSIQalOm;eMCII H Heno,nBHmHOM 6apa6aHe H C paSmHHHhIMH
6apa6aBaMH. IIOKpLlmKH Ha 8THX CTaBRax c06HpalOT, KaK npaBHJIO, nOCJIOBHLIM
MeTOAOM. B BeKOTopLIX CJIy1Jallx (eCJIH nORphUUKa neeT meCTb-BoceMb' 'CJIeeB
319
Rop.n;a B l\apKace) npllMeHHeTCII H KOM6HHHpOBaHHLlH MeTO,n C60pKH. IIpH CMeHe
c6opo1JHLlX oapa6aHOB H COOTBeTCTBYIOIQeii BaCTpoiiKe MexaBH3MOB Ha TaKHX CTaB-
I<ax MOiKUO c06HpaTb nOKpLlmKII pa3JIH1JHldX pa3MepOB - OT 12 ,no 20 ,nIOHMOB no
BHYTpeHHel\lY (noca,n01JHoMY Ha 060,n) ,nHaMeTpy 60pTa nOKpLlmKH.
I1pn nOCJIOBHOM MeTo,ne C60PKII nOKpbIDIeK COBpeMeHHLle C60pOqHLle CTaHRH
pa60TalOT B arperaTe
nHTaTeJIIIMH, KOTopLle yCTaHaBJIHBalOT 1JaIQe Bcero nosa,nH
CTaHKa.
10.3.2.1. CTaHKH Anli CCSOPKH nerKOBbiX nOKpblweK
c saAenKoH CSOPTOB Ha Bpa
alO
eMC$l CSapaCSaHe
CTaHKH ,nJIH C60PKII JIerKOBLlX nOKpbIDIeK, Ha KOTOphIX onepa
HII no 3ap;eJIRe
60pTOB ocym;ecTBJIllIOTCII Ha BpaIQalOIQeMCII 6apa6aHe, mHpoKo npBMeBlllOTCH
B mHHHoii npOMLlmJIeHHOCTH, oc06eBBo B 3apy6e)RBoii. B CBoe BpeMII OH1l 6L1JI11 nep-
BLll\IH aBTOrtfaTH3HpOBaBBLIMH CTaHRaMH co CKJIa,nhIBaIOIQIIMHCII 6apa6aHaMH. 3TII
CTaHRH 3apy6emBbIMH 4JHpMaMH BenpepLlBBo Mo,nepBll3HpYIOTCII II cOBepmeB-
CTBYIOTCH.
K rpynne 8THX CTaHROB OTBOCHTCII M-56, M-58, M-60 II M-80 c)IIpMLI
«,n;. BpH,nm».
CTaBOK M-56 nOKasaB B 06IQeM BII,ne Ha pBC. 10.4. OCBOBHLlMH 1JaCTIIMII
CTaHKa HBJIIlIOTCH CTaHlIBa 12, HHmBJ'l1I paMa 1, MexaBH3MLI npllKaTqHKOB 5, 9,
nocaAKH KphIJIbeB 9, 11 II oTrH6aHHII CJIOeB Kop,na 4. CTaHlIBa 12 HBJIHeTCII o,nHoii
83 OCHOBHblX 1JaCTeB CTaBKa. B Heii pacnOJIO)ReH rJIaBHLIii BaJI 8, Ba KOH
e ROToporo
YCTaHaBJIHBaeTCII C60P01JHhIii 6apa6aB (Ha pHCyBRe Be nOKa3aH). Ha ,npyroM ROH
e
BaJla BHyTPIl CTaBHBLl3aKpenJIeH mKHB, CBHsaBBbIU TeKCTpOnBOB: nepe,na1Jeii co mKII-
BOM 8JIeKTpo,nBHraTeJIH npHBo,na, pacnOJlOmeBBOro TaRme BHyTPIl CTaHIIBLI. Ha ne-
pe,I\Heii CTeHKe CTaHHBhI BMeeTCII nBeBMaTH1JeCKHi TOpM03 p;JIII CKJISAhIBaBHII 6apa-
6aHa, KOTOpLlH npll nOMOIQH BTyJIKII 10 meCTRO CBII3aB C coe,nHHlITeJIbBOB: MY4JToii
C60p01JBOrO 6apa6aBa.
BHyTpH CTaBHBLI pacnOJIOmeBhI TaKme 8JIeKTpOnpHBo,n MexaBH3Ma 6 ,nJIII
npHKaTKH CJIOeB Kop,na II npOTeKTopa H MexaBH3M «OAHoro 060pOTa» BaJIa CTaBKa,
npe.n;a:a3Ba1JeHHOrO ,nJISI HaJIOmeBHII CJIOeB Kop,na, npOTeKTopa H ,npyrHx ,neTaJleB:.
K CTaHHBe npHCOeAIIBeHa 8JIeKTpODBeBMaTB1JeCKaH CTa
HII 19 C aunapaTypOH
II npllOOpaMH 8JIeRTpOnBeBMaTH1JeCROii CHCTeMLI ynpasJIeBHII pa60Toii CTaHKa. Ha
nepe.n;HeB: CTopOHe CTaB
1UI pacnOJIOmeHa naBeJIb C KHOnKaMB ynpaBJIeBIISl. B Bepx-
Heii 1JaCTH CTaBIIHLI Baxo,nIlTCJI TaB:Mep 14 - npll60p, perJIaMeBTHPYIOIQRi BpeMII
- HcnO.'1HeHBH H nOCJIe,nOBaTeJIbHOCTb BLlDOJIBeBWI onepa
npll aBTOMaTH1JeCKOM H
nOJIyaBToMaTII1JeCKOM ynpaBJIeBHH pa60TOB: CTaHKa.
HomBLle ne,naJIH ynpaBJIeBWI 15 pacnOJIOmeHH Ha nepeAHeii CTopOHe paMLI.
Bcero HMeeTCH 1JeThIpe HOmBLlX ne,naJIII. O,nHa HS BHX CJIymHT ,nJIJI BKJII01JeBIIII aBTO-
MaTHqeCKOrO
IIRJIa ynpaBJIeHHH pa60TOB: CTaBRa, ,npyraH - ,nJIII BKJIlOqeBHSI TOp-
M03a npH CKJIa,nLlBaHIIII 6apa6aBa II em;e ,nBe ne,naJIII npe,nHa3Ha1JeHLI ,nJIH BKJII01JeHIIII
BpaIQeHWI 6apa6aHa B 06e CTOpOHLI.
C H C T e M LI Y n P a B JI e B H II P a 6 0 T 0 B C TaB K a. Ha CTaHRe
HMelOTCII TPII CHCTeMLI ynpaBJIeBHII onepa
MH: pyqHaSl, nOJIyaBTOMaTH1JeCKall H
<:IBTOMaTlI1JeCKaH.
I1PH pyqHOM ynpaBJIeHHH BKJII01JeHHe MeXaBHSMOB ,nJIII BLlDOJIBeHHII Toii
HJIH HHOii onepa
1I1I npOH3Bo,nHTCII BamaTHelil COOTBeTCTBYIOIQeii KHOnKH, pacnOJIo-
iKeHHOH Ha naHeJIII ynpaBJIeBHH.
CHCTeMa nOJIyaBTOMaTH1JeCKOrO ynpaBJIeHWI npe,nycMaTpHBaeT aBTOMaTH1JeCKOe
ynpaBJIeHHe OT,neJIbHhIMH rpyunaMII TeXBOJIOrH1JeCKIIX onepa
HB:. B 8TOM cJIyqae
Bce onepa
HH pa36HBalOT Ha HeCKOJIbKO rpynn. Onepa
HH Kam,noii rpynDhI npOH3-
BO,nHTCH cooTBeTCTBYIOm;mm MexaBll3MaMH. 'YnpaBJIeHlle npo
eCCOM C60PKH (npo-
p;OJImHTeJIbHOCTblO II nOCJIe,nOBaTeJIbHOCTblO BLlnOJIBeBHII Kam,noii rpynnhI onepa
)
320
.
JlpJlK8TKH CJIOeB KOp,na II DpOTeKTOpa H 60pTOBhIX npHKaTQHKOB, QTO cDOc06cTByeT
xopomeii C60pKe. IIepeMeIQeBHe ,nIlCKOB 8 II 14 C ma6JIOBaMH ,nJIII noea,nK1I KpliJIbeB
ocy
eCTBJIlleTCII OT paSMeIQeHHLlX AIIaMeTpaJI:&HO DpOTHBOnOJIO)RHO (c 06eux CTOpOB
rOJIOBKH 3) ,nByX nHeBMO
HJIHBAPOB 4 y JIeBOH rpynnLl MexaHHSMOB JI DOMeIQeBBhIX
BHyTPH cTaBHBLl15 Do,n06BLlX nHeBMO
HJIIIH,npOB y DpaBoH rpynDLI.
3aCJIY)RHBaeT BHlIMaBIIII KOHCTPYK
HII rJIaBHOrO BaJIa 11. ):\JlII Toro 1JT06L1
l\fOmHO OhIJIO ero 6L1CTpO CMeHlITb, OH BblDOJIHeH pa360pHLlM.
CHcTeMa aBTOMaTH1JeCKOrO ynpaBJIeHHII CTaHKa BKJII01JaeT YCTPODCTBO AJIJl KOH-
TpOJIH 1JHCJIa c06paHBLlx nOKpbI1DeK, COCTOIIIQee 113 C1JeT1JIIKa IIMDYJIbCHOrO TIlDa
C npHBo,nOM OT 8JIeKTpo,nBHraTeJIII, Ba60pa KOBe1JHLlX BLlKJII01JaTeJIeii II peJIe Bpe-
MeHH. OHO KOBTpOJIllpyeT DOCJIe,nOBaTeJIbHOCTb II Dpo,nOJI)RHTeJIbHOCTb BLlDOJIHeHlI1I
TeXBOJIOrH1JeCKH
oDepaInIii, a TaK)Re OTC1JHThIBaeT 1JHCJIO c06paHBLlX Ha CTaHKe
nOKpblmeK.
IIYJIbT ynpaBJIeBDII 16 IIMeeT IQHTKII ,nJIII DOJIyaBToMaTH1JeCKOrO H pyqBoro
ynpaBJIeBHII. B nOJIyaBTOMaTH1JeCKOM pemHMe CTaHOK YDpaBJIlleTCII OT meCTII KBO-
nOK, a B pyqBOM (HaJIa,n01JBOM) - OT meCTH TYM6JIepOB. CTaHOK cBa6)ReH nllTblO
3JIeKTpone,naJIIIMH 18 ,nJIII BKJII01JeBHH: MexaBII3Ma o,nHoro 060poTa, BpaIQeHHII 6a-
pa6aHa «(Ua ce611) II «OT ce611», pa60TLI CTaBKa B pyqBOM II aBTOMaTH1JeCKOM pemllMe.
CTaHOK M-80 no TeXHH1JeCKIIM napaMeTpaM HeCKOJIbKO OTJIH1JaeTCII OT CTaHKa
M-56. HH)Re npHBe,neHa TeXBH1JeCKall xapaKTepllCTHKa C60P01JHblX CTaHKOB M-56
II M-80 tlJUPMLI «):\. BPH,n)R):
)(-56 M-80
nOCJlOiiBLli
CI(JI
aIO- CKJl8AHBaIO-
muiiclI muiicJI meCTB-
cerueBTBLlii
nOJlYDnOCKJli
MeTo
C60PKR . . .
C60pO'lBLlB 6apa6au
THO . . . . . .
DpO
HJlb DJle'lBKOB
IlIaMeTp, MM
MaKCDMMbBLIii
MDBDMaJibBLIii
mnpBBa, MY
MaKCDMaJlbBaJI .
MBBRManbBali ...........
'1aCTOTa BpameBJlII, 06/MBB . . . . . .
ARaM8rp 60pTa co6BpaeMoi OOKpLImKB, MM
MaKCDManbBLlB . . . . . . . .
MBBBMaJlbBLIii . . . . . . . .
3J1eKTpOABDraTenB
opRBo
a C60pO'lBOrO 6apa6aBa
TDD . . . . . .
558.2
330.2
711
272
286; 203; 51
508
305
533.4
355.6
609.6
330,2
286; 203; 51
406.4
330,2
TpeXCKOpOOTBoii DepeMeBBoro
TOKa
2.2/1.5/0,06 2.2/1.5/0.06
380 380
1100/750/188 1100/750/188
MOIDBOCTb, KBT ......
BaDpR»ceBHe, B ......
'1aCTOTa BpameBBJI, 06/MBB . . .
npBBOAa DpDKaTKB CJlOeB Kop
a B Dpo-
TeKTOpa
TBII.........
0.26
1425
o ABOOKOpOCTBOii nepeMeHHoro
TOKa
0.25
750
MOmBOCTb, KBT '"
1IaCTOTa BpameBBR, 06/MUU . . .
DpBBoia MeXaBD3Ma opBKaTKB 60PTa
mn . . . . . . . . . . .
MOmBOCTb, KBT .....
1IaCTOTa .pameBDII, OO/MBB
fa6apDTBLlO pUMepLl, MM
Anna .
nmpoBa
BLlCOTa
Macca, T
PerYJlBpyeMLIii OOC'IOJlBROrO
TOKa
0,3
1750
3505
1448
1981
1,829
21*
0.3
1725
4110
1830
1525
2,22
323
10.3.2.2. CTaHKH Ami C(SOPKH nerKOBbiX nOKpblweK
C saAenKoA (SOPTOB Ha HenOABH)KHOM (Sapa(SaHe
B nOCJIe,nBlle rOAH mupoKoe pacnpocTpaBeBHe DOJIyqllJIH cTaBKH, Ba KOTOpLIX
onepa
HH 3a,neJIKII 60PTOB npo1l3Bo,nIlTCH CneInIaJIbBLlMH MexaBHSMaMH Ba BeDO-
ABII)RBOM C60P01JBOM 6apa6aBe. B OTe1JeCTBeBBOB: mllBBoB npOMLlmJIeBBOCTH ,nJIJI
C60PKH nerKOBhIX nOKpLlmeK npllMeBlleTCII CTaBOK CIIII 470-800 (CllII-66), cxeMa
KOToporo nOKasaBa Ba pllC. 10.6.
B npaBoH CTaBHBe 1 CMOBTHpOBaB rJIaBBLlH BaJI 16, ero npHBO,n (OT 8JIeKTpO-
,nBHraTeJIII 29 1Jepes mRHBLI 28 II 27 KJIHBOpeMeBBoii nepe,na1JII), a TaKme nneBMO-
npHBo,nLl npaBoii rpynnLl MexaBH3MOB 06pa60TKH 60pTa, HMelOlI(He TaKoe me yCT-
POHCTBO, KaK nneBMOnpHBOAH neBoH rpynDLI aBaJIOrH1JBLlX MexaBIISMOB, pacnOJIO-
meBBbIX B JIeBoii CTaBlIHe 4. .
):\JIII CKJIa,nhIBaBHII II pa3BepTLlBaBIIII C60p01JBOrO 6apa6aBa 15 Ha nepe,nBeii
CTeBKe npaBoH cTaBIIBLlI CMOBTDpOBaB KOJIO,n01JBLIB: TOpM03 22, npIlBo,nHMLlH B ,neii-
CTBlle nBeBMonpDBo,nOM 23. Ha 06ellx CTaBlIHax paCDOJIO)ReBhI DBeBMonpllBo,nLl 24
II BanpaBJIlllOIQlle mTaBrH 25, npe.naa3Ba1JeBBhIe ,nJIII nepeMeIQeBHII ,nonOJIBnTeJIbBLlX
6apa6aHoB 18 no OCII rJIaBBOrO BaJIa ,nJIII npll)RIIMa IIX K C60P01JHOMY 6apa6aBY 15
npH naJIO)ReBIIII CJIOeB Kop,na.
,D;onOJIHHTeJIbHhIH 6apa6aB KpeDHTCII B 06e'laiiKe, BpaIQalOmeHCII BMeCTe C BIIM.
06e1JaiiKa BCTaBJIeBa B Beno,nBHmBYIO B paAHaJIbHOM BanpaBJIeBBD 060HMY 20.
BpaIQeHHe 06e1JaiiKII B 060iiMe 06eCne1JDBaeTCII lIMelOIQIIMIICII B Beii TpeMH pOJIHKa-
MH 19,{ycTaBoBJIeBBLlMH Ba 8Kc
eBTpHKOBhIX OCIIX. Bo H36e)RaBHe oceBoro CKe-
IQeBHII BpaIQalOIQeHCII 06e1JaiiKII OTBOCHTeJIbBO 060HMbI 20 no OKPY)RBOCTII DOCJIe,nBei
npHKpenJIeBLI Ba OCIIX TPII mapHKono,nmIlDBHKa 21, KOTophIe YRpenJIeBbI ),fe)R;I\y
pe60p,naMII 06e'laHKH. OCH BpaIQeBHH mapHKono,nmHDBIIKOB nepDeB,nIlKYJIllpBbI
OCH BpaIQeBIIII 06e1JaiiKII.
IIo npHHInIny ,neHCTBDII, OCBOBaBBoMy Ba pa3maTHH CHCTeMOH pLl1JarOB KOJIb-
eBoii CnHpaJIbBOH npY)RIIBLI, npaBLlH II JIeBLlii MexaHII3MbI 06pa60TKH 60pT08 no-
KpLlmKII aBaJIOrH1JBLI YHHBepCaJIbBhIM MexaBJ!3MaM ,nJIII 06pa60TKH 60pTOB rpyso-
BhIX DOKpLlmeK Ba Beno,nBH)RHOM 6apa6aBe (CM. pas,neJI 10.3.3.2).
IIpaBLlH H JIeBbIH MexaBHSMLI 06pa60TKH 60PTOB YCTaBOBJIeBLI COOCBO co c60-
p01JBbIM 6apa6aBoM. OceBoe nepeMeIQeBHe H3 Dcxo,nBoro nOJIO)ReBIIII K c60po1J-
BOMy 6apa6aay II 06paTBo OBII nOJIyqalOT 1Jepe3 CHCTeMY perYJIllpyeMhIx pLl1Ja-
rOB 8 II TllrH 90T nBeBMonpllBo,na 7, mapBHpBO saKpenJIeBBOrO Ba CTeBKe CTaBIIHLI.
Pa601Jee nOJIOmeBHe MexaBII3MOB 4JHKcllpyeTclI pLl1JaraMII-4JIIKCaTOpaMII 5, ABH)Re-
BHe KOTOphIM co06IQaeT nBeBMonpHBO,n 6. ,nJIII nepeMelI(eBHII ma6JIOBOB 12 ,nJIII no-
'cajJ;RD KpLlJIbeB B DpaBoH H JIeBOH CTaBHHax CMOBTHpOBaBLI aBaJIOrH1JBbIe DffE'BMO-
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P1JOlitee JCTPOICTBO; 9 - MexaBB8M oOpaCloTKII CIoPTa.
He06xo,n1lMOCTb H3MeHeHHH KOHCTpyK
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1JTO BCe KOp,nHLle HIITH B KapKaCaX B OTJIII1JHe OT KapKaCOB 06L11JHLlX nOKpLlmeK
paCnOJIOmeHLI napaJIJIeJIbHO, a He nepeceKalOTCH. llp1l 06pa60TKe 60pTa nOKpLlIJIeK
arOHaJIbBOB: KOHCTpyK
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ax 06mHMHLlx pLl1JarOB.
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Kop,na H TeM caMLlM 06eCOe1JHBaeT xopomylO 06pa60TKY 60pTOB nOKpblmKII. IIepe-
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RaK B yallBepCaJIbHLlX MexaBII3Max HIiIiIDII Ba CTaHKax CII):\-4M, CII):\-5IIM
It ,np., a KOJIb
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IIocJIe,nBHe CBOHMII BLlcTynaMII npH c06cTBeHHoM ,nBllmeHHH no,n ,neHcTBHeM KOJIb-
eBoro nopmHR 19 TOJIKalOT H ,nonOJIHlITeJIbHLle pLl1JarH 9, TaK KaR OCII 7 ,nonOJIHH-
'TeJIbHLlX pLl1JarOB Haxo,nHTCH Ha pacnopBLlX pLl1Jarax 2.
Bech YHHBepCaJIbBLlH MexaHHSM CMOBTHpOBaH B Kopoyce 1. TaK KaK yaHBep-
CaJIbHLlH MexaHH3M, Hs06pameHHLlB Ha pHC. 10.17, a, paapa60TaB ,nJIH CTaHKa
Cll):\ 675-950 (CII):\'Y-651I), npeAHaSHa1JeBHOrO ,nJIH C60PKII nOKpblmeK nOCJIOB-
BbIM MeTo,nOM, Ha Kopoyce Ha,n MexaHHSMOM CMOHTHpOBaH AOnOJIHHTeJIbHLlB 6apa-
6aH 5, KOTOpLlH MOmeT cB060AHo BpaIQaTbCJI Ba Tpex 06oiiMax. ):\JIH npHmaTHR AO-
nOJIHHTeJIbHOrO 6apa6aBa K C60p01JHOMY 6apa6aHY CJIymaT npymHHLI 11, a ,nJIH pas-
rpySKII ynopHoro 60pTa - TpB no,nmHnHHKa 10.
CxeMa 06pasoB8HBH rotIJpoB npH 06maTHB HOBLIM yaHBepCaJIbHLlM MexaHHS-
MOM CJIOeB KOPAa no nJIe1JHKaM 6apa6aHa nOKasaHa Ha pHC. 10.17, 6.
'YBBBepcaJIbIlWH MexaBHaM ,nJIH npllKaTKII ,neTaJIeH nOKphlllIRB Ba C60po1JBOM
Gapa6aBe. 3TOT MexaHII3M (pHC. 10. 18, a) COCTOHT H3 pa3MelIteHHLlX Ha KapeTKax 7
-ABYX 0AIIHaKOBLlX 1JaCTeB, KOTopLle MoryT nepeMelItaTbCH no BanpaBJIHlOlItHM 9,
pacnOJIOmeHHLlM Ha 061IteH paMe 1. ):\BHmeHHe 8TH 1JaCTH MexaHBSMa nOJIyqalOT
()T xo,nOBoro BHHTa 2 (c JIeBOH H npaBoH pe3b60H).
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BJIBH,npH1JeCKYIO H 60pToBLle
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BLIX MexaHHaMOB 4 C Ka1JaIOIQHMBCH nHeBMO
HJIIIHApaMH 6 H MaCJIHHLlX ,neMotlJe-
pOB Ha KapeTKax 7, no,n ,neHcTBBe.M KOTOpLlX II ocylIteCTBJIHeTCH npllmaTBe pOJIBKOB
K nOBepXHOCTH 6apa6aHa.
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MexaHH3MaMH OCYIQeCTBJIHeTCH OT 3JIeKTpOnpHBOAa (Ha pllC. 10.18 He nOKasaH).
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JIeHHH.
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npllKaTKe CJIOeB KOPAa (nOJIOmeHHe I Ha pHC. 10.18, 6) no
HJIIIH,npH1JeCKOB 1JaCTII
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B nOJIOCTI> a BepTBKaJIbHLlX
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MacJIo B ,neMntIJepax BepTIIKaJIbHbIX
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BOCTH BpalItalOlIterOCH C60p01JHOrO 6apa6aHa. BKJII01JaeTCH 3JIeKTpOnpBBOA Mexa-
BHaMa npBKaTKH, H pOJIHKB 5 pacxo,nHTCH OT cepe,nHHLI 6apa6aHa K ero KpaHM,
ocylIteCTBJIRH opBKaTKy CJIOeB H npe,nBapHTeJII>HOe HX o6maTHe no nJIe1JHKaM 6apa-
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npHKaTLlBalOT 60PT nOKpLlmKH. BKJII01JaeTCH 3JIeKTpOnpHBO,n, BpalItalOIQHHCH XO,nO-
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BeHHO CHH3HJIOCb He)ReJIaTeJIbHOe HBJIeHHe, xapaKTepHoe AJIII YHHBepCaJIbBhIX Mexa-
HII3!1fOB 06pa60TKH 60PTOBOH 1JaCTH oOKpLloieK Ha Heno,nBHmHOM 6apa6aBe, -
OTXOA 60pTa C06PaBHOH nOKpLllUKH OT nJIe1JHKa 6apa6aHa. 04JopMJIeHHe 60pTOB
y c06RpaeMLlx nOKphUUeK CTaJIO 60JIbme COOTBeTCTBOBaTI> npo4JHJlIO nJIe1JHKa Gapa-
6aHa. KpoMe Toro, SHa1JHTeJIbHO B03pOCJIO npeccYIOIQee YCHJIHe MexaBHaMOB Ba 60p-
TOBYIO 1JaCTb nOKpLlmKH, 1JTO 06eCOe1JHJIO nOJIyqeBHe 60JIee nJIOTHLlX II MOBOJIHTHLIX
60pTOB II Ka1JeCTBeHHYIO C60PKY nOKpLlmeK H3 MeTaJIJIOKop,na.
B KOHCTPYR
HH yaJIa ma6JIOHa 8 npeAYCMOTpeHa B03MOmHOCTI> peryJI1IpOBaBHH
BeJIH1JHHLI noca,n01JHOrO ,nHaMeTpa ,nJIH KpLlJIl>eB 3a C1JeT HaMeBeHHH nOJIOmeBIUI
m01lJleK 4, Ha KOTopLle camaeTCH KpLl
O, OTBOCIITeJII>HO
eHTpa C60p01JBOrO 6apa-
oaHa. ):\JIII SToro Ha O,nHOM KOH
e mTLlpH 2 no,nB1ImHO BMOHTHpOBaB no,n,nepmHBae-
MLIH npymHHKoH naJIe
3 C 3Kc
eHTpH1JHO nocameHHoB B Hero mnHJII>KOH 4. ):\PyroB
KOHe
mThIpH BLlnOJIHeH B BH,ne
HJIHHAPH1JeCKOH 3y61JaTKII, C
enJIeHBOH C nJIaHe-
TapHI>IM 3y61JaTLlM KOJIeCOM 9 C BByTpeHH1IM 3a
eOJIeBHeM. IIpH nOBopOTe sy61JaTOrO
KOJIeCa 9 npOHCXo,n1lT OABOBpeMeHBoe CMeIQeH1Ie Bcex mnHJIeK Ha onpe,neJIeHHLlB:
yrOJI, n03BOJIllIOIQee perYJIHpOBaTI> nOCaA01JHLlB ,nllaMeTp ,nJIH KpLlJIbeB B npe,neJIax
12,5 MM. 3TO ,naJIo BOSMOmHOCTb HCnOJII>SO aTb YHIIBepCaJIbHLle MexaBH3MLI ,nJlII
C60PKH MeTaJIJIOKop,nHLlX H 6ecKaMepHLlx BmllB.
IIsMeHeHa KOHCTPYRInIH nHeBMonpHBo,na, nepeMelIteHHH ,nonOJIHHTeJIbHLlX
oapa6aHOB (Ha pHcyuKe He nOKa3aHa); BOBaH KOBCTPYRInIII n08BOJIlleT npHMeHHTb
KphIJIbH C BhICOKHM HanOJIHlITeJIbHLlM mHypOM, 1JTO npHHInIDllaJII>BO BamBO P;JIH
06eCne1JeHHH C60PKII KapKaCOB pa,nHaJIbHLlX nOKpLlmeK.
06'K1IMHLle KaMepLl pa3HamHBalOTCII H 3aTpy,nHRIOT npaB1IJIbBYlO YCTaBOBKY
KpLlJIbeB C BLICOKIIM HanOJIHlITeJIbHLlM WHYPOM. llOSTOMY B nOCJIe,nHee BpeMR c6o-
p01JHLle CTaHKH BLlnYCKalOT C YH1IBepCaJIbBLlMII MexaHHaMaMH 6es 06mHMBLlX
KaMep. KpOMe Toro, ynoMRHYTLle Bl>lme YCOBepmeHCTBOBaH1I11 YBHBepca.1ll>BhIX
MexaHD3MOB Ha CTaBKax Cll):\ 750-1100 (AII):\-H3) 3Ha1JHTeJIbHO CHHSHJIH aclt4JeK-
THBHOCTb npllMeHeHHII 06mHMHLlX KaMep, H B HHX OTnaJIa Ha,n06BOCTI>.
B CTaHRe CII):\ 750-1100 (AII):\-II3) ycoBepmeHCTBOBaBhI TaKme YSJILI KpenJIe-
HR 11 nepeMelIteHHH npaBoro H JIeBOrO YHHBepCaJIbHhIX MexaBH3MOB H3 1ICXOABOro
nOJIO)l(eHHR B pa601Jee (K 6apa6aHY) H 06paTBo (Ba pHCYHKe Be nOKasaBO). 3TO
o6eCne1JHJIO o,nHoBpeMeHBYIO H 60JIee Ha,nemuylO HX pa60TY H BOaMOmBOCTI> npBMe-
BeHHH AJIH HDX 3JIeKTpOMeXaHH1JeCKOrO npHBo,na, 0 npellMyIQeCTBax KOToporo QLlJIO
YOOMHHyTO BLlme. B CTaHKe npe,nycMoTpeH MexaBHSM ,nJIR CHHTHH c06paBBOH
nOKpLlmK1I C 6apa6aBa, 06JIef1JHBmHB TPY,n C60p1lJ,HKa.
CHcTeMa nOJIyaBToMaTH1JeCKOrO ynpaBJIeHHH 06ecne1JHJIa B03MOmBOCTI> CHH-
xpoHHoro BLlnOJIHeHHH OCHOBHLlX TeXHOJIOrH1JeCKHX onepa
no cTporo sa,naBBoMY
pe)l\1IMY, 1JTO nOBLlCHJIO CTaHAapTHOCTI> 1IarOTaBJIHBaeMLlX nOKpLlmeK.
CnHoK Cll):\ 750-1100 3aMeHReT CTaHOK Cll):\-8flM, paCC1JlITaHBLlB: TOJIl>KO
,nJIH: 'C60P:KH 6paCJIeTHLlM MeTo,nOM ,nHarOHaJIbHLlX nOKpLlmeK nepe1JHCJIeBBLlX pas-
MepOB H HenpHro,nHLlB ,nJIH H3rOTOBJIeHHH pa,nllaJIbBLlX H MeTaJIJIOKop,nBhIX 00-
KpLllUeK.
llp1l c60pKe ,n1larOBaJIbHLlX OOKpl>lmeK nOCJIOBHLlM MeTo,nOM CTaHOK KOMn.1leK-
TyeTcH OHTaTeJIeM 114-04, 06eCne1JHBaIOIQHM ero nHTaHHeM BceMH ,neTaJIIIMII no-
KpLlmKH, a npH c60pKe KapKaCOB AJIII paAHaJIbHLlX nOKpbIDIeK - DHTaTeJIeM
326.191, B KOTOpOM xpaBHTCH TOJIbKO ,neTaJIH KapKaca.
TeXBll'leCKaH XapaRTepHCTHKa CTaBKa npUBe,neHa HHme (CM. Ta6JI. 10.4).
347
.'U:OCJIOBHhIM MeTO,nOM, Sa,neJIKa 60PTOB BhInOJIHlleTCII MeXaHHSMaMH Ha HenO,nBHmBOM
,6apa6aHe, npHKaTKa CJIOeB KOp,na, npOTeKTOpa H 60KOBHB, a TaKme 60pTOBOB: 1JaCTII
c06HpaeMLlX nOKphImeK - MexaHHSMaMH npOTeKTopHhIX H 60pTOBhIX npHKaT1JHKOB
pOJIHKOBoro THna. no CTeneHH MeX8HHaa
HJI JI aBTOMaTHaa
HH CTaHOK CII):\
1150-1900 (Cn):\-68K-1) B OCHOBHOM aHaJIorH1JeH CTaHKaM CII):\ 660-1100
(Cn):\-14M), cn):\ 675-950 (Cn):\Y-65H), cn):\ 750-1100 (An):\-H3) H
cn):\-970-1500 (110-04A). 3TO BblrOAHO OTJIH1JaeT CTaHOK OT npHMeHlleMblX B MHpO-
BOB npaKTIIKe CTaBKOB aHaJIOrD1JHOro HaSHa1JeHHII, r,ne eIQe COXpaHHJIHCb TllmeJIhIe
pyqHhIe onepa
HH no 06pa60TKe 60PTOBOB 1JaCTH nOKphImeK.
CTaHOK CMOHTllpOBaH He Ha 06IQei, a Ba cOCTaBHOB: 4Jys,naMeHTHOB: nJIHTe 3,
Ba OT,neJIbHhIX 1JaCTIIX KOTOpOB YCTaHOBJIeHhI npaBall 7 H JIeBall 1 CT8HHHhI II Mexa-
BHSMhI 60PTOBhIX H npoTeKTopHhIX npIlKaT1JHKOB (Ha pHCYHKe He BH,nHhI). JIeB811
CTaHIIHa 1 npH CBHTHH c06paHBoit nOKphImKH C 6apa6aBa He nepeMeIQaeTCII B CTO-
POHY, a nOBOpa1JHBaeTCII Ha 90° BOKpyr CBoeH OCII. JIeBall 2 II npaBall 6 rpynnhI Me-
xaHHSMOB ,nJIII 06pa60TKH 60pTOBOH 1JaCTH nOKphImeK CT8HKa cn):\ 1150-1900 OTJIH-
.'1aIOTCII OT paCCMOTpeHHblX BhIme ysHBepCaJIbHhIX MexaHHSMOB ,nJIII 9THX
eJIei
CTaBKOB cnn 470-800 (Cnn-66), cn)); 675-950 (Cn):\Y-65II), cn)); 750-1100
(An):\-II3) MaCCHBHOCTl>1O II MOIQHOCTblO YSJIOB H ,neTaJIeB:.
IIo KHReMaTH1JeCKOB: cxeMe II AHHaMHKe pa60TbI STH MeX8HHSMhI 6JIHme K Mexa-
HHSMaM ,nJIII 06pa60TKH 60PTOB Ha Heno,nBH1RHOM nOJIynJIOCKOM 6apa6aHe CTaHKa
CIIn 470-800 (Cnn-66). OHH COCTSBJIeHbI HS 24 nllTIISBeHHhIX phI1JamBhIX CIICTeM,
YCTaHOBJIeHBhIX Ha ,nBYX KOH
eBTpH1JeCKHX 06e1JaiiKax II 06paaYlOIQHX C060B TeJIO
BpaIQeHHII. Pa601JHM opraHOM B 9THX CHCTeMax, KaK H B CT8BKe cnn 470-800
(Cnn-66), CJIymHT KOJIb
eBall CnHpaJIbBall npymHHa, Ha,neTall Ba KOH
pLI1JarOB.
MexaHHaMbI 06maTIIII CJIOeB Kop,na no nJIe1JHKaM 6apa6aHa H SaBOpa1JHBaHHII
CJIOeB Kop,na Ba KphIJIO HMelOT CBOH OTp;eJII>Hble 9JIeKTpOnpHBop;bI. ):\pyrHe no,nBH)R-
HhIe MeXaHHSMhI H YSJIbI, BXOp;IIIQHe B rpynny MexaHHSMOB 06pa60TKII 60PTOBOB:
1JaCTH nOKpblmeK, pa60TalOT OT nHeBMO
HJIHHp;pOB. TaKaH KOHCTPYR
BII MexaHIIS-
MOB 06eCne1JHBaeT Ha,nemHoe 06maTHe CJIOeB Kop,na no nJIe1JHKY 6apa6aHa, paBHO-
MepHoe pacnpep;eJIeHHe CKJIa,nOK no ero nOBepXBOCTH II 4JopMHpoBaHHe MOHOJIHT-
Boro nJIOTHOrO 60PT8 nOKpLImKH, KOHTYP KOToporo 6JIHSOK no 01JepTaBlllO K npo-
4JHJIIO nJIe1JHKa 6apa6aHa.
CTaHOK pa60TSeT B arperaTe C nllTaTeJIeM 326.211 (CM. pHC. 10.28).
TexBH1JecKall xapaKTepHCTIIKa CTaHKOB cnn 470-800 (Cnn-66), cn):\ 660-1100
(Cn):\-14M), cn):\ 675-950 (Cn):\Y-65lI), cn):\ 750-1100 (An):\-II3), cn):\ 970-1500
(HO
4A) H cn):\ 1150-1900 (Cn):\-68K-1) npHBe,neHa B Ta6JI. 10.4. 3TH CTaBKH
IIBJIIlIOTCII HOBeBmHMII OTe1JeCTBeHHLlMH C60P01JHhIMH CTaHKaMH C MexaBHSMaMII
06pa60TKH 60PTOB Ha Heno,nBHmHOM 6apa6aHe ,nJIII Bcero accopTHMeHTa JIerKOBhIX,
rpYSOBhIX, 60JIbmerpYSHblX H KpynHora6apBTHhIx nOKphImeK, HSrOTaBJIHBaeMLlX
B MaCCOBOM npOHSBo,nCTBe.
10.3.4. nHrarenH C60POLfHblX craHKOB
nHTaTeJIH CTaHKOB ,nJIII C60PKH nOKphImeK npe,nHaaHa1JeHLI ,nJIII no,na1JH Ba
C60P01JHhIH 6apa6aH CJIOeB Kop,na H ,npyrHx ,neTaJIeB: nOKphImKH. COBpeMeHHhIe
nHTaTeJIH K CTaHKaM P;JIH C60PKH JIerKOBblX, rpYSOBhIX H 60JIbmerpysHhIx nOKpLl-
meK, KpOMe Toro, BbIDOJIHHIOT pOJIb eMKOCTeB ,nJIJI xpaHeHHII nepexo,nH
ero sanaca
,neTaJIeii. npHMeBHIOTCH nHTSTeJIH npH nOC.iIOiiHOM H KOM6HHllpOBaHIIOM MeTop;ax
C60pKH. OHH HBJIIlIOTCH B ;)THX CJIY1JaIlX HeOT'beMJIeMOB: 1JaCTblO C60p01JHOrO CTaBKa.
OT KOHCTPYK
HH H pa60TbI nHTaTeJIII saBHCHT KaqeCTBO co6paHBhIX nOKpLlmeK
H npOHSBo,nHTeJIbHOCTb c60po1JBoro CTaHKa. K KOHCTPYK
HH nHTaTeJIH npe,n'bHBJIH-
eTCII pH,n Tpe60BaBHB:. B 1JaCTHOCTH, aapH,nKa H no,na1Ja C.JIOeB Kop,na Ba C60P01JBblH
6apa6aH ,nOJImHhI npOllcxo,nHTb 6ea HaTHmeHHH HJIH C TO'lHO KORTpOJIHpyeMoii.
BblTHmKOB, Be npeBhIm81Om.ei 60JIee 1-2% Ha 06e onepa
HB; HaJIH1JHe
eBTpHpy-
352
IOIQBX II BanpaBJIHIOIQIIX YCTPOHCTB, 06eCne1JIIBaIOIQBX T01JBOe H8JIOmeBlle Kam,nOH
AeTaJIH Ha 6apa6aa 6es CMeIQeBHH, JlBJIHeTCH 06HSaTeJIbBblM ,nJIH JII060ro nHTaTeJIII.
RpOMe Toro, SapH,nKa nllTaTeJIII AeTaJIHMH Be ,nOJImHa BblSblBaTI> OCTaHOBKH c60p01J-
Horo CT8HKa.
HeKOTopble sapy6emHble H OTe1JeCTBeBHble CTaHKH AJIII C60PKII nOKpblmeR
(CnR-1M, CnR-2M, CnR-3, CnR-4, CnR-8) paspa60TaHhI, IISrOTaBJIBBalOTCII
II DOCTaBJIlllOTCII Ha mHHHble aaBo,nbl BMeCTe C nHTaTeJIIIMH.
npHMeHHIOTCH DHTaTeJIH CJIe,nYIOIQHX THnOB: DOJI01JBhIe (Hall60JIee CTaphIe II
npOCTble DO KOHCTPYKD;HH); MexaHHSHpOBaHHble pOJIHKO-DpOKJIa,n01JHble CO CMeB-
BhIMH 606HBaMH; aBTOMaTHSHpOBaBHble pOJIIIKO-DpOKJIa,n01JBble paSJIiAHblX KOB-
CTPYK
Hii (6ameBHble, 6apa6aHHble, KapyceJII>Hble, C nepeMeIQalOID;HMHCII KapeT-
KaMH H T. n.); THna MHOrOHpYCHblX JIeBT01JBLlX HJIH APyrHx TpaHcnopTepOB.
IIMeIOTcJI H ,npyrHe KOHCTPYK
HH nHTaTeJIeu. O,nHaKO npHMeHlllOTCJI OHH pe,nKO.
IIOJIo1JHLle nHTaTeJIH eIQe 3KCnJIYaTHpYlOTCII Ha BeKOTophIX OTe1JeCTBeHHblX
II sapy6emBblx mHHHhIX saBo,nax. ¥CTpOHCTBO HX 01JeBb npOCToe II onHcaHO B JIHTe-
p8Type no TeXHOJIOrHH mHHHoro DpOH3Bo,nCTBa.
MexaHHsllpoBaBHble pOJIHKO-npOKJIa,n01JBble nHTaTeJIH CO C'beMHblMII 606HHaMH
nOHBHJIHCb Ba sapy6emHblx mHHHblX saBo,nax B nOCJIe,nBBe ro,nhI. B 3TIIX nHTaTeJIIIX
606HHbI C SaKaTaBHhIMH B npOKJIa,nKY CJIOIIMH Kop,na HaBemHBalOTCH nOA'beMBHKOM
Ha paMY nHTaTeJIH B nOAKJII01JaIOTCII R SJIeKTpOnpHBOAY paCKaTKH. PaCKaTaHBblH
HS 60611BbI KOHe
CJIOH Kop,na no,naeTCH Ha C60P01JHblB 6apa6aH 1Jepes KOMneHcaTOp
C tlJoTOSJIeKTpll1JeCI(HM ynpaBJIeBHeM H pOJIl>raHr. ¥ HeKOTopblX nBTaTeJIeH paCKa-
T01JHLlH pOJIHK 606HB BpaIQaeTCH OT o,nHoro npBBo,na C BaJIOM 6apa6aHa, 1JTO 06ecne-
1JHBaeT CHHXpOHHOCTb ero BpaIQeHHII C nOCJIe,nHHM. BJIaro,napH STOMY no,na1Ja CJIOeB
KOPAa Ha C60P01JHblH 6apa6aH npOHcxo,nHT 6es BLlTJlmKH.
COBpeMeHHblMH C1JHTaIOTCH aBTOMaTHSHpOBaHHble pOJIHKO-npOKJIa,n01JHble nHTa-
TeJIH, y KOTOpbIX 606HHbI C npOKJIa,nKOH He CHHMalOTCII CO CTaHIIHbI nHTaTeJIJI, a npo-
KJIa,nKa SaKpenJIeBa H HBJIHeTCH HeoT'beMJIeMOii 1JaCTI>IO nHTaTeJIII. Pa601Jlle opraBbI
3THX DHTaTeJIeB ,neHCTBYIOT aBTOMaTH1JeCKH, 06eCne1JHBaH nOAa1JY CJIOeB Kop,na H
,npyrHx ,neTaJIeB Ha C60P01JHhIB: 6apa6aH 6es BhITJlmKH H B CTporo YCTaHOBJIeHHOe
MeCTO.
ABTOMaTBsupoBaHBble pOJIHKO-npORJIa,nOQBble DHTaTeJIII oameHBoro Tuna
(pHC. 10.23) no npllH
Hny YCTpoHcTBa H pa60TLI nHTaIOIQHX YCTPOHCTB ,nJIII CJIOeB
Kop,na aHaJIOrH1JBbI aBToMaTH3HpoBaBHoMY nHTaTeJIIO AJIII 6paCJIeTHOrO CTaBKa 60"
(CM. pHC. 9.19). B OTJIH1JHe OT nOCJIe,nHero STH nHTaTeJIII cBa6)ReHLI AOnOJIHIITeJIb-
HblMH MexaBHSMaMH ,nJIH DHTaHHH CTaBKa 6peKepaMH, 60pTOBblMH JIeHTaMH H npo-
TeKTopaMH, KOTopble, KaK BHABO liS pBC. 10.23, paSMeIQeHbI no,n nOBopoTBOH 6am-
HeH (TypeJIbIO) BBYTPH CTaHHHbI, no ee 60KaM H Ba,n HeH.
BameHHble nHTaTeJIB TaKOH KOHCTPYK
HH 1JaIQe KOMnJIeKTylOTcH co CTaBKaMH
,nJIH C60PKH JIerKOBLlX nOKpblmeK. B HeCKOJIbKO HHOM KOBCTPYKTHBBOM otIJopMJIe-
BHH (c 60JIbmHM 1JHCJIOM 606HB) nOA06HhIe nHTaTeJIH BblnYCKalOTCH TaKme K CTaH-
KaM ,nJIH C60PKH r PYSOBblX nOKpblmeK.
Cym;ecTBeHHblM He,nOCTaTKOM pOJIIIKO-npOKJIa,n01JHLlX DllTaTeJIeH 6ameHHoro
TIlDa HBJIHeTCH HX rpOMOS1(KOCTI> npH OTBOCHTeJII>BO He60JII>mOM KOJIH1JeCTBe xpaHH-
Moro B HHX MaTepHaJIa. nOSTOMY B nOCJIeAHHe ro,nLl pOJIHKo-npOKJIa,n01JBble 6ameB-
Hble DHTaTeJIH CTaJIH 3aMeHIITI> ,npyrHl\fH nHTaTeJIIIMH.
POJIHKO-npOKJla,nO'lHble DHTaTeJIH oapaoaBHoro Tuna (CM. pHC. 10. 9 H 10. 10)
6J1aro,napH YCOBepmeHCTBOBaHHIO pH1(a YSJIOB H MexaHH3MOB 06eCne1JHBa1OT no,na1JY
CJlOeB Kop,na H ,npyrHx ,neTaJIeii C MeHl>meH BblTHmKoii H JIyqmeii
eHTpoBKOB npll
BaJIOmeHHH HX Ha C60P01JHblii 6apa6aH. OHH 60JIee KOMDaKTHbI, 1JeM nHTaTeJIH
6ameHHoro Tllna, npH TOM me 1JHCJIe 606HH, MeHl>me no BblCOTe H saHHMalOT MeHl>mYIO
nJIOIQa,nb. npH 3TOM y,naeTCH YBeJIH1JHTb eMKOCTb 606HH nHTaTeJIII B,nBoe H 60JIl>me.
B06HHbI C KOp,nOM CMOHTHpOBaHbI y STHX nHTaTeJIeH He Ha
enH TpaHcnopTepa,
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pa601Jero MeCTa c60pIQIIKa. TaRlle DlITaTeJIII p
OBaJIbBO IICnOJlb80BaTb npll c60p-
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co CTaBKaMH ,nJlJl C60PKH nOCJIODblM MeTo,nOM nOKphUUeK KpynHora6apHTHblX mHH,
Y ROTOpblX mBpHBa CJIOeB ROPAa npeBhUUaeT 1400 MM. TaKall mHpHBa CJIOeB KOp,n8
Be nOSBOJIlleT npHMeHIITI> DHTaTeJIH pOJIHKo-npOKJIa
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2) He 06eCne1JHBaeTCH cTa6HJIltBOCTb paSMepOB c06HpaeMhIX nOKpLlmeK, nOCKOJIbKY
C60POqHLlM 6apa6aBOM HBJIHeTCH peSHBOBaH ,nHatIJparMa, KOTopaH npH SKCnJIyaTa-
IIH paSHamRBaeTCH; 3) KaqeCTBO npHKaTKH CJIOeB Kop,na Ha pesHBoBoH ,nHatIJparMe
xyme, 1JeM npH HCnOJIbSOBaHIIH meCTKoro 6apa6aHa; 4) 06pa60TKa 60pTOB nOKpLl-
meK He MexaBIISHpOBaHa, BCJle,nCTBHe qero OHH nOJIyqalOTcH BeMOBOJIHTHLlMH.
IIpll HCnOJlbSOBaHHH CTaHKa 111-04 ,nJIII BTOpOB CTa,nHH C60PKH (BanpHMep,
nOKpLlmeK 155-330P) npOHSBo,nHTeJIItBOCTb ero BOSpaCTaeT ,no 16 nOKpLlmeK/1J
BMeCTO 7 nOKphImeK/q npll BLlnOJIBeBHH 06eHx cTaAHH C60pKH. HanOMBHM, 1JTO
Ha CTaBKe CIIII 470- 800 (CIIII-66) sa 11J c06HpalOT 27 KapKaCOB. IIpH 8TOM npH-
KaTKa CJlOeB KapKaCOB H 06pa60TKa 60PTOBOB HX qaCTH Ba CTaHKe CIIII 470-800
(CIIII-66) B:bIDOJlBHIOTCH SHaqHTeJlbHO JlY1Jme. O,ttBaKo, npll TaKOH TeXBOJlOrllll Be
HCKJII01JaeTCH nOHBJleBHe ,netIJeKTOB, CBHsaBBLlX CO CMeIQeHHeM 6peKepa II npOTeK-
Topa B rOTOBOH nOKphImKe.
CTaHOK CUP 330-300. TaK KaK npoHSBo,nHTeJIItHOCTb npH ,nByxcTa,nHBBoH
c60pKe pa,nHaJIItHblX nOKpLlmeR SBaqHTeJIbBO BLlme, qeM npH o,nBocTa,nIlBBoH c60pKe,
. H nOCKOJIItKY KOBCTPYK
HH C60p01JHOrO CTaHKa 111-04 YCTapeJla, 6L1JI Daspa60TaB
CTaBOK CIIP 330-300 ,n JIH BTOpOB CTa,nHH C60P K H Jl e r KOB hIX nOKpLlmeK TIlDa P
MaCCOBoro accopTHMeHTa. 3TOT CTaBOK no cpaBHeBHIO CO CTaBKOM 111-04 HMeeT
ycoBepmeBcTBoBaHHhIe H 60JIee Ba,nemHLle B a60Te OCHOBBhIe SJIhI H MexaBBaMii.
TaBOK CHa meH MexaBHsHpoBaBBLlM CKJla OM JlH X aHeBHII
n OTeKTO OB, MexaBHSMaMH JIH HX no,naqH Ba 01J H,
}TItasaTeJIIIMH
eHTpa apa6aHa. 0 OqHLlH 6a a6aB HMeeT CT OHCTBa JIll tlJHK-
ca
HH 60DTOB nOKphImKH. ;j TH YCOBepmeBCTBOBaBHII cnoco CTBYIOT nOBhImeHHIO
KaqeCTBa nOKphImeK H O OJI enaIOT YCJIOBHH Tpy,na C60PIQHKa.
o HaKO CT K
HII C60pOqBOrO 6apa6aBa Y CTaBKa CIIP 330-300, npe,nCTa-
DJIllIO ero C060B sam81 Jla MH HBOBYIO ,nHa parMY, TaKall me,
KaK Y CTaBKa , H IIMeeT, CJle,noBaTeJIbBO, Bce OTMe'leBBLle BLlme Be,nocTaTKH,
KOTODLle CBOHCTBeBBhI TI;lKOI\1Y THny oapaoaBoB.
IIpHBO,J;l;HM KpaTKYIO TeXBH1JecKYIO xapaKTepHcTHKy CTaBKa CIIP 330-300:
PaSMep c060paeMLlx OOKpLlJDeK . . . . . . . . .
UpOOSBOABT8J1bBOCTb (paC1leTllu), mr/'l . . . . .
AOaMeTp ABal{iparMLl, MM . . . . . . . . . .
PaOOTOIIBDe Me»CAY l{inas
aMB ABacl!parMLl, MM
ABaMeTp orpaBD'lBTeneii, MM . . . . . . . .
AaBJIeBDe BosAyxa B C8TO, MUa ......
BaKYYM, MM pT. CT. . . . . . . . . . . . .
06maa MOmBOCTb aneKTpoABorarenei, KBT
. . .
155-330 P;
165-330 P
18
362
165-350
532
0,6
350-400
6
364
ra6apOTBLle paSMepLl, MM
nnBa . 3600
mopBBa 2000
BLlCOTa ....... 1300
Macca, T ....... 3.7
CTaBOK c mOOTKBM cl»OpM)'IO M oapaoaHOM. B DOCJIe,nHHe ro,nLl BeKOTopLle
3a 6emHLle 4JHPMhI CTaJIH BhID CKaT& CTaBKH J1H COx nOK hImeR
C meCTKHMH 0PMYIOIQHMH a a aBaMB. aKOH CTaHOK DOKasaB Ha pHC.
a HellmeH qaCTbIO ero HBJIHeTCH meCTKHH 4JOPMYIOIQHH 6apa6aH , npHH HnHaJlb-
BaH cxeMa YCTpODCTBa KOToporo npHBe,neBa Ba pllC . 10 . 2 . R aK BHABO HS pHCyaRa,
6apa6aH nocameB Ba nOJILlH rJIaBHLlB BaJI 8. Ha npaBOM H J1eBOM ,nHCKax 1 noca-
meHLI paspeSHhIe KOJlb a 3, CBHsaHHLle Me)RjJ;Y C060H Ba60poM MeTaJIJIHqeCKIIX
nJlaCTHH 4. 3TH nJIaCTlIBhI C BaTHBYTOH Ba BHX peSHHOBOH ,nHa4JparMoB 6 npH no-
MOIQH 4JopMYIOIQerO MexaBHSMa 5 HSMeBHIOT 4JOPMY 6apa6aHa.
BHYTpH nOJIoro BaJIa 8 Baxo,nHTCH BIIBT 9 C HapesaBBoB C 06eHx ero CTOpOB
npaBoB H J1eBOH pesb60H pasBoro mara. Ha npaBYIO H JIeBYIO pesb6L1 aToro BHBTa
C OAHHM marOM BaBepHyThI ,nHCKH 1, a Ba npaBYIO H JIeBYIO pesb6h1 C ,nPyrHM ma-
;rOM - xo,nOBhIe raBKH 7 4JopMYIOIQero MexaHHSMa 5. COOTHOmeBHe Mem,ny maraMH
pesb6 AOJImHO 6L1Tb TaKoe, 1JT06L1 06eCneqHTb CTporo Topo06pasBoe 01JepTaBHe
nOBepXHOCTH 6apa6aHa npH 4JopMoBaBHH nOKphImKH H HJlHB,npll1JeCKYIO OPMY
npH BaJlOmeHHH CJIOeB Kop,na. IIpH BpaIQeHHH BHHTa 9 B O,nBOM HanpaBJIeHHH 6apa-
6aB npH06peTaeT Topo06pasHYIO 4JOPMY, a npH BpaIQeHHH ero B 06paTHoM Hanpa-
BJIeBHII - HJIHH,np.llqecKYIO.
Ha60p npymHBHIQHX MeTaJIJIHqeCKHX nJlaCTHB 4 no,n peSHBOBOH ,nHa4JparMoH 6
06eCneqHBaeT ,nOCTaTOqBYIO meCTKOCTb 6apa6aBa B HJIHH,npH'IeCKOM H Topo06pas-
BOM BH,ne. BJIaro,napH STOMY cos,naIOTCH He06xo,nHMhIe yCJIOBHH ,nJIH B8,nJIemaIQei
npHKaTKH CJlOeB H ,npyrHx ,neTaJIeH nOKphIWKH B npo ecce ee C60PKH, a TaKme
UCKJIlOqaeTCH BOSMomHOCTb paSBamHBaBHH pesHBoBoH AHa4JparMLI B npo ecce ee
SKCnJIyaTa HH.
Mem,ny ,nHCKaMH 1 H paspeSHLlMH KOJIb aMH 3 HMelOTCH nBeBMaTHqeCKHe Ka-
MephI 2, npH no,naqe B KOTopLle cmaToro Bos,nyxa ,nHaMeTp 6apa6aBa YBeJIHqllBaeTCH
npHMepBO Ba 50 MM. 8TO nOSBOJIHeT T01JBO 4JHKCHpOB8Tb KpblJIbH npH IIX noca,nKe
J:J npo ecce c60pKH nOKphImKH, Kor,na 06e CTa,nIlH C60PKII npOHSBo,nHTCII Ba O,nBOM
CTaHKe, a TaKme c06paHBhIB: KapKac no 60pTaM nOKpLlmKB nepe,n ee 4JopMoBaBHeM,
KorAa CTaHOK HCDOJI&syeTcH ,nJIH BTOpOB CTa,nHH C60pKH.
MexaBHsM CTaHKa ,nJlH 06pa60TKH 60pTOB nOKphImKH COCTOHT liS nocameBHoro
Ba fJlaBBLlH BaJI CTaHKa Kopnyca, paSMeIQeBHI>B Ba aTOM Kopnyce CHCTeMLI phI1Ja-
rOB, peSHBOBOB ,nHa4JparMLI H YCTpOHCTBa ,nJIH 4JHKca HII KphIJIa.
IIHTaTeJIb CTaBKa ,nJIH CJlOeB Kop,na II Kop,n-6peKepa COCTOHT H8 Kopnyca,
c06paHHoro HS MeTaJIJIH'IeCKHX Tpy6, H CMeHBhIX KapeTOK - KapTym CO CJIOHMH
1wp,na II Kop,n-6peKepa. PaCKpoeHHhIH H COCThIKOBaBHLlB KOp,n saKaTLlBaeTCH
B PYJIOHhI, Baxo,nHIQHeCH Ba KapeTKax. IIocJIe,nHHe no,naIOTCH K nHTaTeJIIO, BKaThI-
BaIOTCH B HMeIOIQHeCH AJIH HHX B Kopnyce rBes,na H SaKpenJIIlIOTCH B CTporo sa-
.,naHBOM nOJlOmeBHH COOTBeTCTBYIOIQHMII 4JHKCHPYIOIQHMH YCTpOHCTBaMB.
B Kopnyce CMOBTHpOBaBhI aBTOMaTH1JeCKHe pOJlHKOBLle TpaBcnopTepLl IJlII
no,na1Jll Ba C60P01JBLlB 6apa6aB CJIOeB Kop,na H Kop,n-6peKepa H8 Ka)RjJ;OH KapeTKH,
.8JIeKTpOnpHBo,nhI ,nJIH paCKaTKH CJIOeB liS Kam,nOB KapeTKH, aBTOMaTH1JeCKHe eBTpH-
pYIOIQUe H KOMDeHCa 1I0HBhIe YCTpOHCTBa C CHCTeMaMB ynpaBJIHIOIQHX OT08JIeMeB-
TOB, JIOTKH C YCTpODCTBaMB ,nJIH eHTpHpOBaBHH H perYJIHpOBaHHII BaTllmeBHII
.CJIOeB Kop,na npH HX HaJIOmeBHH Ba C60P01JBLlB 6apa6aH.
IIHTaTeJIb ,nJlH npOTeKTopOB B 60KOBHH YCTaBaBJIHBaeTCH no eHTpy
-c60pOqBOrO 6apa6aHa CO CTOpOHLI pa601Jero MeCTa C60pIQHKa nOKphImeK. OR
COCTOHT HS CBapBOH paMLI, Ba KOTOpOH paSMeIQeBLI pOJIIIKOBhIe CTOJILI AJIH npo-
'l'eKTOpa, H 60KOBHH C COOTBeTCTBYIOIQHMH eBTpHpYIOIQHMB H BhIpaBHHBalOIQHIrOI
YCTpOHCTBaMH. 3TH CTOJIhI MorYT nOBOpa1JHBaT&CII Ba paMe DBTaTeJIH Ba 90°.
365
OnHcaBHLlH CTaHOK C meCTKHM 0 M IOIQHM 6apa6aHOM TI>
O ,nHOCJI0I!!! Lle H n
yxcJIoiiB ble nOK p Ll mKII CO cxe Mo D O p Ta d - 1» H
. CTaBOK
MOmeT pa60TaTb B pyqaOM H aBTOMaTH1JeCKOM pemHMe. IIpH pyqHOM pemllMe CTaHOK
ynpaBJIlleTCH npll nOMOIQH KHOn01JBOH CHCTeMLI. ):\JIH aBTOMaTH1JeCKOrO pemHMa
BCe Onepa
HH 3anpOrpaMMHpOBaHhI. YnpaBJIeHHe Be,neTCH C nOMOIQbIO neptIJo-
KapTLI.
Cym;eCTBeHBLIM He,nOCTaTKOM CTaBKa HBJIHeTCH CJIOmBOCTb KHHeMaTIIKH MeXa-
HH3MOB, HX KOHCTpYK
HH, CHCTeMhI ynpaBJIeBHH H B CBHSH C 8THM He,nOCTaT01JBaH
BX Ha,nemBOCTb. OqeBb CJIOmHa nepeCTpOHKa CTaHKa Ha BLlnYCK nOKphImeK APY -
2.P?,. pa3Mep-
..lIilme npHBe,neHa TeXHHqeCKaH XapaKTepHCTHKa CTaBKa:
PaaMepLl OOCa
O'lHOrO AD8MeTpa DO OOOAY c06upa-
eMLlX OOKpLlmeK,
iiMLl . . . . . . . 12-16
npOOSBO
DTenbHOCTb (npoeKTBall), mT/q 14
AOaMeTp c60po'lHoro 6apa6aHa, MM
B OCXO
BOM oono»ceHUU
B paa»caTOM COCTORHun: .
B TOpo06paaBOM BRAe ....
mOpDBa C60pO'lBOro 6apa6aHa, MM . . . . . . .
qacTOTa BpameBBR 6apa6aua, 06/MOB . . . . . .
3JleKTpOABRraTenb OOCTOHHBoro TORa opBBo
a 6a-
pa6aBa
MOmHOCTb, RBT .....
qaCTOTa BpameUKR, 06/M8H
ra6apoTBHe paaMepu, MM
JlOBa .
IDBpDBa
BLlCOTa .......
Macca, T
320-360
360-4."
525-6& .
276-444
20-120
5.5
2450
5697
1560
1155
2.5
):\J1H C60PKH JIerKOBhIX pa,nRaJIbHLlX nOKphImeK pll,n
X H M BLln
RaeT ar eraTHLle BKH C BYMH C60POqHhIMH 6apa'6aBaMH. Ha O,nHOM 6apa aBe, .
_. _me C TKOM, d'J o p M YIO IQeM, OnHCa ! H'--! Q£ oro o hIJI
e3
,o Bb!me, T. e. c05B:-
JL
T KaURaCLI nQR!Th!m. e
,n
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JIb
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a
o
II
M 05
OB
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a BT OpOM
c ooHpaIOT B 6paCJIeT 6peKep H npoTeKTop. 3 aTeM npH nOMOm;H nepe,nBHmBoro ma:6-
)ioBa-Koab
a cO b paHHLlH 6paCJIeT 6peKepa C npoTeKTopoM aBTOMaTHqecKH nepe-
DOCHTCH H BaKJla,nblBaeTCH Ha oepBhIH 6apa6aB, Ha ROTOpOM CtIJOpMOBaB KapKac.
3,necb npoHsBo,nHTCH npllKaTKa aToro 6paCJIeTa K KapKacy H 3aBepmaeTCH npo
ecc
e60pKII nOKpLlmKH. BLloycKaIOTcH nOJIHOCTblO aBToMaTHsHpoBaBHhIe CTaBKH, r,ne
BeCb' npo
ecc C60PKH 3anporpaMMHpoBaH H BLlnOJIHHeTcH.npH nOMolItH SJIeKTpO-
nHeBMaTH1JeCKOH cxeMLI.
'.
10.4.2. CTaHKH Ami C60PKH rpY30BbiX nOKpblweK THna P
B OTeqeCTBeHHOH mHHHOH npOMLlmJIeHHOCTH c60pKa rpy30BLlx nOKpLlmeK THna
P OpODSBO,nHTCH Ha ,nBYX CTaHKax. l1epBaR: CTa,nHR: (c6opKa KapKaCOB nOKpLImeK)
npoH3Bo,nHTCH 6paCJIeTBLlM H nOCJIOHHLlM MeTo,nOM Ha YBHBepCaJIbHLlX c60po1JHLlX
CTaHKax ,nJIH rpyaoBLlx nOI<pLlmeK, Ha KOTOpLlX c06HpaIOT ,nHarOHaJlbHLle nOKpLlmKII,
a BTopaH - ua Cnen;HaJIbHLlX CTaHKaX C tlJopMYIOm;eH pe3HBoBoH ,nHatIJparMoH.
CTauKH ,nu ncpBoii cTa,nHH COOpKH pa,nHaJl&HhlX rpysoBblX nOKphlweK. ):\JIH
06eCne1JeHHH BLlCOKoro HaqeCTBa KapKacoB pa,nHaJIbHLlX nOKpLlmeK YUHBepCaJIbBLIB:
MexaHB3M IIHHerHHa Ha CTaHKax C SaAeJIKoii: 60pTOB Ha HenoABHmHoM 6a pa6aHe
6L1J1 CYIQccTBeBHo nepepa60TaH H ycoBepmeHCTBOBaB. OCHalIteBHLle OO,n06HLlMB
MexaHH3Mallfll C60pOqRLIe CTaHKH CII
-5M H CII
rr-9II BLlnycKaJIHCb COOTBeTCT-
BeBBO nOA HH,neKcaMII CII):\-5IIP H CII
II-9IIP. HaH60JIee cOBepmeHHLlM yaHBep-
CaJIbBhIM MexaHH3MoM, 06eCneQHBalOm;HM 06pa60TKY 60pTOB nOKpLlmeK 6e3 CKJIa-
,nOK, OCHam;eHhI CTaHKH Cn):\Y-65II H AII):\-II3. OnHcaHHe aTHX CTaHKOB HMexaBHS-
MOB npJlBe,neHO BLlme (CM. pa3,neJI 10.3.3.2).
llepBaH CTaAIIH C60PRH rpYSOBLlX pa,nHaJlbBLlX nORpLImeK Ba MBorHX sapy6em-
BblX SaBO,naX BLlnOJIBHeTCH Ba CTaBKaX C nOJIynJIOCKHMH H ,name nJIOCKHMH 6apa6a-
BaMH. BOSMomBOCTb npHMeBeBHH TaKoro THna CTaHKOB nOHBHJlaCb BCJle,nCTBHe
Toro, 1JTO sa nOCJIe,nBee BpeMH rpYSOBLle pa,nllaJlJ.BLle nORpbIDIKR, B TOM 1JIICJIe D
60JIbmerpYSBbIe, ,neJlaIOTCH C O,nBIIM MO
BbIM KOJlI>
OM B 60pTe, a BeKOTopLle sapy-
6emBble cJ!HPMbI BLlnYCKalOT rpYSOBLle pa,nHaJlbHLle nOKpLImKH, Y KOTOpLlX He TOJIb-
KO 6peKepBLlB nOHC, HO H KapKac c,neJlaBhI HS 06peSHBeBBoro MeTaJlJlOKOPAa.
3a,neJlKa 60pTa Ba YRaSaBBLlX CTaBKax Be,neTCH Ha Bp8lItalOlIteMCH H Beno,n-
BR)RBOM 6apa6aBax. IIpllMeBHIOTCII TaKme CTaBKH C paCmHpHIOIQIIMHCH no AHaMeTpy
6apa6aHaMH. TaKHe CTaBKH pa60TalOT CJle,nYIOIItHM 06paSOM. Ha 6apa6aBe, CJIO-
meBBOM ,nO HaHMeHbmero paSMepa, c06HpaeTCH 6paCJleT KapKaca *. 3aTeM nOCJIe
YBeJlH1JeHHH AHaMeTpa 6apa6aBa Ba 50-60 MM npOHSBo,nHTCH noca,nKa RpLlJIbea,
7
" 2
hc. 10.30. CTaBOK CllP-H2M AnI( BTOpOB CT&ABB c60pKO rpysoBLlX DOKpLlJDeK TBDa P:
1 - DpHBOJl DpBKaTO'lHoro MexaBu3Ma; 2 - BOIRHYe neJlanu ynpaBneHUs; a - npUKaTO'IH.bJ1t MexaHU8M; 4 -
41yRJlaMeHTRas finHTa; 6 - rnaBm.Dt Ban; 6 - BanpaBmlJOlI(ue ,ltUCKO; '1 - Jluacj)parMa: 8 - ma6noB Jlns 6pe-
KepHoro 6pacneTa; 9 - BHBT C TOpM030M; 10 - KaHan JIM nOJlaqo B03J1yxa B JlUal/lparMY; 11 - CTaRRHa;
11 - npRBOJl rnaBHoro Bana; 18 - KPOBDITeilB; 14.16 - KOoe'lHlole BIIIKmoqaTenU; 16 - KOBTPOJIbHYIt JlUCK.
06pa60TKa 60PTOB, BaJIOmeBlle 60KOBHB H HX npHKaTKa. IIocJle 8TOrO 6apa6aB
CKJla,nLlBaIOT BHOBb ,nO BaHMeBbmero ,nHaMeTpa, C06paBBhIB: KapKaC CBIIMalOT C 6apa-
6aHa H nepe,nalOT Ha BTOpYIO CTa,nHIO C60pKH.
CTaHKII ,nU BTOpoii CTa,nHH COOpKB rpYSOBblX nOKpblmeK TRDa P. B OTeqecTBeB-
HOB: mIlHHOB: npOMLlmJIeBBOCTH ,nJlH BTOPOH CTa,nHH C60PKH rpYSOBLlX nOKpLlmeR
TRna P npHMeHHeTCH CTaHOK CIIP-II2M (pHC. 10.30), BLlnYCKaeMhIB: saBo,nOM
«.fI pnOJIHMepMam».
B CTaBHHe 11 paSMelIteBLI nO;I\mHnHHKH rJIaBBOro BaJIa 5 II ero npHBO,n 12.
Ha rJlaBHOM BaJlY 5 CMOHTHpOBaBLI Ba BTYJlKaX BanpaBJlHIOIQHe ,nHCKH 6 C saKpe-
nJleBBOB: B HIIX peSHBOBOH ,nHatIJparMOB: 7 II ma6JIOB 8. HanpaBJIHIOlItHe ,nHCKH KpOMe
BpalIteHHH BMeCTe C rJlaBBLlM BaJIOM MoryT nepeMelItaTbCH no ero OCH npH tlJop-
MOBaBHH KapKaca nOKpLlmKH HJlH npH BOSBpalIteBHH B Hcxo,nHoe nOJIOmeHHe.
CmaTLlH BOS,nyX no,naeTCH B ,nHatIJparMY 7 qepes KaBaJl 10, BbICBepJleBBLlB:
BHyTPH rJIaBBOrO BaJIa. PaccToHHHe Mem,ny HanpaBJIHlOlItHMH ,nHCKaMH aBTOMaTH-
qeCKH KOHTpOJIHPyeTcH Cne
HaJII>HLlM YCTpoiicTBOM, HMelO
HM ,nBa KOBe1JHLlX BhI-
RJIlOqaTeJIH 14 H 15 H KOHTPOJlI>BLlH ,nHCK 16. IIocJIe,nHHB:, 6y,nyqH )ReCTKO nocameB-
· llpo MeTannOKOp
OM KapRace 6paCJIeT '1aCTO AeJlaeTCl( OABOCJIoiiBLIM.
368
BLIM Ba oABoii BTYJIKe C npaBLlM BanpaBJIlllOIQHM ,nHCKOM 6, npH CBoeM ,nBHmeBHB
BnpaBO BamHMaeT Ba KOHeqHhIii BLlKJllOqaTeJlb 14 H OCTaBaBJIHBaeT BanpaBJlHIOlItHe
AHCKH B HCXO,nBOIII nOJlOmeHHH. IIpH ,nBllmeHHH KOBTpOJlbBOrO ,nHCKa BJleBO OB
BamHMaeT Ba BhIKJII01JaTeJIb 15 H OCTaBaBJlIIBaeT BanpaBJlHIOIQHe ,nHCKH B nOJIome-
BHH OKOBqaHHII cJ!opMoBaBHH KapKaca nOKpLlmKH.
ma6J10B 8 npe,nBaSHneH ,nJIH no,na1JH 6peKepBoro 6pacJIeTa Ba ctlJopMoBaH-
BLIH KapKac nOKpLlmKH. ):\BH)HeBHe ma6J10Ba no OCH rJIaBBOrO BaJla ocym;eCTBJlII-
eTCH npH nOMOIItH ,nBYX nBeBMO HJIHH,npOB, npHKpenJleHBLlX K CTaBHHe CTaBKa.
CTaBOK pa60TaeT CJIe,nYIOIQHM 06pasoM. Ha,neBalOT Ha ma6J10B 6peKepBLlH
6paCJIeT, a Ba AllatIJparMY KapKac, eBTpHpYH ero no HanpaBJlHIOIItHM AHcKaM.
B ,nHatIJparMY no,nalOT BOS,nyx ,naBJIeBHeM OT 0,05 ,no 0,15 MIla; OBa npllBHMaeT
Topo06pa3BYIO tlJOPMY H npH,naeT TaKYIO me cJ!OPMY RapKacy. B 8TOM H 3aKJlI01JaeTCII
onepa HH tlJopMoBaBHH. Ha CtlJopMoBaBHLlH TaKHM 06pa30M KapKac Ba,neBalOT 6pe-
KepBhIH 6paCJIeT, no,nBo,nH ero K KapKacy ma6J10BOM 8. IIocJle tlJHKca HH 6peKep-
Boro 6pacJleTa pyqBLlM pOJlHKOM 11 npHKaTKH npHKaT01JHLlM MexaHHSMOM BaKJT8,nLl-
BaIOT II npHKaTLlBalOT npOTeRTOp. CnycKalOT B03,nyX HS ,nHatIJparMbI, paSBo,nHT
a8npaBJlHIOlItHe ,nIlCKH B Hcxo,nBoe nOJlOmeBHe H CBHMalOT co CTaBKa rOTOBYIO no-
KpLlmKY.
CTaHOK CIIP-II2M npOCT no KOBCTPYK HH, JlerKO II 6L1CTpO nepecTpaHBaeTcH
npH nepexo,ne Ba IISrOTOBJleHHe nOKpLlmKII ,nPyroro paSMepa H OCBalIteB MexaBHS-
MaMII H aBTOMaTHQeCKHMlI YCTpOHCTBaMH ,nJIII BLlnOJIHeBHH HaH60JIee OTBeTCTBeB-
BhIX C60P01JHhIX onepa HH.
OCBOBBbIMH He,nOCTaTKaMII CTaBKa HBJIHeTCH BaJIH1JHe B BeM pa3BamHBalO eHcH
pe311HoBoH ,nHatIJparMLI H OTCYTCTBHe MexaBH3HpOBaBBhIX nHTalOlItHX YCTPOHCTB.
TexHH1JecKaH xapaKTepHCTHKa CTaBKa npHBe,neHa Bllme (CM. Ta6JI. 10.7).
CTaHKB C meCTKBM cl»OPMYJO HM OapaoaHoM ,nu c60pKB rpyaoBhlx nosphlweR
THDa P. TaKHe CTaHKH npHMeHHIOTcH Ha pH,ne sapy6emHLlx saBo,noB. IIo npHBlJ,Hny
YCTpoHcTBa H pa60TLI 3TH CTaBKH MaJIO OTJIH1JaIOTCH OT Do,n06BLlX CTaBKOB ,nJIH
C60PKH JlerKOBLlX pa,nHaJlbBLlX nOKpLlmeK, onHcaHHe KOTOpLlX 6L1JIO npHBeJleHO
B pas,neJIe 10.4.1.
10.4.3. CTaHKH AnR C60PKH TpaKTopHblX
H cenbcKOX03R.,cTseHHblx nOKpblweK THna P
B OTeQeCTBeHBOH mOBOH npOMbImJIeHBOCTH ,nJIH C60PKH MaJIOCJIOHBLlX O,nBo-
KpLlJILlX TpaKTopHLlX H CeJlbCKOX03HHCTBeBBhIX nOKpLlmeK TIlDa P npHMeBHeTCII
CTaHOK JIMO-325, KOTOpLlH no npHB IIDY YCTpOHCTBa no,n06eB CTaBKY 111-04
,nJIH C60PKH JlerKOBLlX pa,nHaJIbBLlX nOKpbIDIeK.
Ha STOM CTaHKe MomBO c06HpaTb DOKpbIDIKH 6paCJIeTBLlM, nOCJIOHBhIM H 1\0111-
6HBHpOBaHHLlM MeTo,naMH. 3a,neJIKa 60pTa Ba CTaBKe Be MeXaBHSHpOBaBa. $OpMO-
BaBHe KapKaca, BaJIO)HeBHe 6peKepa, npOTeKTopa II PyrHx ,neTaJIeH npOH3Bo,nHT
B OCBOBBOM TaKHM me cnoc060M, KaK H npH c60pKe JlerKOBLlX pa,nHaJIbBLlX nOKpLl-
meK Ba CT8BKe 111-04.
CTaBOK JIMO-325 HBJllleTCH nepBoH MO eJII>IO OTe1JeCTBeBBLlX CTaBKOB, npeA-
BaSBa1JeHBLlX ,nJIH C60PKII CeJlbCKOXOSHHCTBeBBLlX pa,nllaJIbBhIX nOKphImeK C TeR-
CTHJlbBhIM KOp,nOM B KapKace H 6peRepe C MaRCHMaJIbBhIM ,nllaMeTpOM no 060,ny
,no 38". OB npHMeHHeTCH ,nJIH ,nByxcTa,noHoH C60PKH, BKJIlOlIalOlIteii BeCb IJ,HKJI
onepa lIH, HJIH TOJIbKO ,nJIII BTOpOH CTa,nIlH C60PKII - OT tlJopMoBaBHH KapKaca
,no SaKJII01JlITeJIbHbIX onepa ii. IIpH c60pKe 6paCJIeTHLlM MeTo,nOM 6paCJIeThI Ha
6apa6aH Ba,neBalOT BPY'lHYIO npll nOMolItH ,nepeBHHBoH CKaJlKH. B OTe1JeCTBeHHOB
npOMLlmJleBBOCTH CeJIbCKOXOSHiicTBeBBhIe nOKpLlmKH c06HpaIOTcH DOCJlOBHbIM
MeTO,nOM.
IIos,nHee 6hIJI BLlnYlIteH CTaBOK CIIP-70, npe,nHaSHa1JeHBLlH ,nJIH BTOpOB CTap;HH
C60pKH. eTaHOK CIIP-70 IIMeeT pH YCOBepmeBCTBOBaBHLlX YSJIOB H MexaHH3MOB
24 3aKa8 163 369
DO CpaBHeHHIO C aBaJIOrH1JHLlMH YSJIaMH H MeXaBHSMaMH CTaHKa JIMO-325, O,nHaKO
npHHInIn YCTpOHCTBa H nOpH,nOK BLlnOnHeHHH C60P01JBhIX Onepa HH B OCHOBHOM
OCTaJIHCb TaKIIMH )He, KaK ,nJIH CTaHKa JIMO-325. TexBH1JecKaH xapaKTepHCTHKa
CTaBKOB JIMO-325 H CIIP-70 npHBe,neHa HHme (CM. B Ta6JI. 10.7).
CTaBRD AU c60pRD spynaOl'aOapHTHYX P8AHMbHYX nospymes. KpynHo-
ra6apIITBLle paAHaJIbHLle nOKphImKH MHorocnoHBLI H IIMeIOT ,nBa-TpH KpLlna
'B 60pTe. B OTeqeCTBeHHoH npoMLlmneHHocTH ORH c06HpalOTcH Ha ,nBYX CTaHKax.
Ami nepnoH CTa,nHH C60PKII (HarOTOBJIeHHe KapKacoB) npHMeHHIOTCH CTaHKp.
Cll):\ 970-1500 (110-04A) H CII):\ 1150-1900 (Cll):\-68K-1) C DHTaTenHMH, TaK KaK
.c60pKa npOHSBO]J.RTCH nOCJIOHHLlM HJIII KOM611HRpOB8HHLlM MeTo,nOM. lloKpLlmKH C
"" ! I ;
....J =!--
Poco 10.31. CTaBOK CIIP-70K AJiR BTOpoii CTaAOB c60pKO Kpyosora6apoTBl>lx PaABaJlbHLlX
DOKpLlJDeK:
1 - JleBali CTaHHDa; 2 - DHeBMoURJDIB,II.p; a - DOBopOTBali roJlOBKa: 4 - JleBW KyDoJloo(jpasm.Dt )lRCK; S -
MeXaHR8M DpUKaTKR; 6 - JleBW RaDpaBJllllOlI(RII: )lUCK; '1 - )luacj)pal'Ma; 8 - CBeTOBoe I{eBTpHpYlOlI(ee DPU-
cDoco6neHRe; 9 - DYJlbT yDpaBJleRHJI: 10 - IJpaBali CTaHHRa; 11 - mKa41 yupaBJIeHHR; 12 - 9J1eKTPO)lBlII'a"
Tem. MeXaJUlSMa DpHKaTKR.
mRpHHOH CJIOeB MeHbwe 1500 !\1M C06HP8IOTCII Ha CTaHKaX CII -970-1500 (110-04A),
a nOKpLlmKH C mBpHHoH CJIOeB BLIwe 1500 MM - Ha CTaHKax CII 1150-1900
(CII):\-68R-1). OmmaHHe YCTpoHcTBa H pa60TLI <lTHX CTaHKOB npHBo,nHJIOCb BhIme
(CM. pas,n. 10.3.3.2).
BTopaH CTa,nHH C60PKH KPynHora6apBTHoH pa,nHanbHoH nOKpLlmKJI npOHS-
BOAHTCH Ha CTaHKax CllP-70R (pHC. to.31). 3TOT CTaHOK HBJIHeTCH HOBOH MO,nH4JH-
l\an;lIeH CTaHKOB JIMO-325 H CllP-70. OH npe,nBaaHaqeH ,nnH c60pKn KpynHora6a-
pBTHLlX DOKpLlmeK C ,nBYMR: H 60.Tlee KpLlJIbHMH B 60pTe. Ha BeM npOHSBo,nHTCH
cl>opllfoBaHHe KapKaCOB, HanomeHBe CJIOeB 6peKepa, npOTeKTopa H ,npyrHx AeTa-
.'1en Ha c4JopMoBaHHLlH KapKac H HX npHKaTKa. CooTBeTcTBeHHo KOHCTPYKTDBHO
o4JopMJIeHLI nOC8,n01JHLle MeCTa DO,n 60pTa DOKpLlmKH Ba 4JJIaH ax. B OTJIH1JHe OT
CTaHKOB JIMO-325 H CIIP-70 CTaHOK CllP-70K ,nJIH ,nBYXCTa,nHHHOB C60PKB He npH-
MeHHeTCH. XOTH CT8HOK CIIP-70K paCC1JHTaB ,nJIH C60PKH nOKphImeK THna P SHa1JH-
370
TeJIbBO 60JlbmHX THnOpaSMepOB, OB KOMnaKTBee CTaBKa flMO-325 II aaHHMaeT
MeHbmylO nJIOIQa,nl>.
TexBH1JecKaH XapaKTepllCTHKa CTaBKa npllBeAeaa B Ta6JI. 10.7.
Ta6Auifu 10.7. TeXUD'leCKaR xapaKTepRCTBK8 CT8UKOB e "p")'IO eii ADa+p81'M0ii
AJJ8 C60pKB nORpwweK THDa P
111-04 RMQ-325 I CUP-H2M I cnp-70 I CDP-70K
PaSMepLl co6HpaeMLlX 00-
KpLImeK .........
np003BOAOTeJlbOOCTb, mT /'1
PaCCTORBue Me)l-;AY qinaH a-
MO AHaqiparM. MM . . . . .
1:IacTOTa npameBHR 6apa6a-
Ba, 06/M8H . . . . . . .
AaBneHue Jl03Ayxa, Mna
B MarHCTpaJUI
B aqiparMe
BLlCOKoe .
HU31\0e . . . . .
BaKYYM B AoaqiparMe, )1M
pT. CT. . . . . . . . . .
3neKTpo)l.BHraTenb npHBOAa
Bana 6apa6aBa
THO .......
BanpRffieBHe. B . .
M01l\BOCTb, KBT . .
'1aCTOTa BpameHHII.
06/MIUf . . . .
BO»CHUX npOICaT'IHKOB
THO ......
Hanpll»ceBHe. B . .
MOID,llOCTb. KBT . .
'1aCTOTa BpameHHR,
06/AfHH . . . . . .
fa6apoTBLle pa3MepLl. )1M
AnUBa. .
mupOBa
BLlCOTa .
Macca. T . .
155-13P;
165-13P;
175-15P;
185-15P
7
(155-13P)*
115--560
38; 150; 225
0,6
0,27
0.04
400
n-51
220/440
2,2
750
AOJI-22-4
0.4
1400
5050
2700
1910
4,55
15x24;
12x 38
3**
(15X 24)
200-1000
60; 120; 240
0,6
0.27
0,04
400
n-61
220/440
4,5
750
200-508P;
240-508P;
260-508P;
280-508P;
300-508P;
32O-508P
12
240-508t»
100-600
75; 225
0.6
0.18-0.22
0,05-0.07
400
n-61
220'440
1000
370-508P;
15.oo-20P;
j300x
s00-533P;
130-635P
207
15,OO 2OP
300-900
60
0,6
0,12-0,2
0,04-0,07
400
MTI\ 112-6
380
5
875
430-635P;
s00-635P;
1700x
6iO-635P;
720-665P;
570-338P
1.27
18,OO-25P
450-1150
60
0,6
0,12-0,2
0.04-0,07
400
n-61
220/440
6
1000
AO-31-4j2 AOJI32-31-6 AOJI2-12-4 AOJI2-12-4'.
(nepeMeB- (nepeMeH- (nepeMeH-
Boro TOKa) Horo TOKa) Horo TOKa).
0,45/0,6
1420/2940
7020
2925
2000
7.70
380
1.5
950
3040
1912
1550
3,64
380
0,8
1360
5800
2285
2210
4,75
380
0,8
1360
6300
;;690
2210
5,30'
* B cKo6Rax 1Ka3aa pa8Mep nOKpwweK, AJlI! KOTOPJolX npUeOJlBTCI! npOB3BOJ1BTem.HOCn..
** PaC'IeTBaR npOB3BOJlBTeJlbHOCTb.
10.5. nOTO'-lHbIE nHHHH Am:w 3ArOTOBKH AET AnEA
H C60PKH ABTonOKPblWEK
10.5.1. nOT04Hbie nHHHH C BbinonHeHHeM Bcex
C60p04H X onepa HA Ha OAHOM CTaHKe
lJpOHSBO,nCTBO nOKpLlweK nHeBMaTlI1JeCKHX mHH B no,naBJIHIOIQeM 60JlbmHH-
CTBe, oc06eHHO B OTe1JeCTBeHBOii npOMLlmJleBBOCTII, HBJIHeTCH MaCCOBLIM, lITO cos-
,naeT He06xo,nBMhIe npe,nnOCLlJIKII ,nJIH opraH1lSaIJ,IIH nOT01JBLlX J1l1Hllii, B KOTOpLlX
24* 371
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BLIX Onepa IIB II nOBhImaeTCII KYJIbTypa npOIlSBO,nCTBa. O.nuaKO npo ecc IISrOTO-
BJIeHlI1I IISAeJIIIH Ha STHX JIHBIIIIX OCTaeTCII HHAHBII,nyaJIbHhIM. C60pKa nORpblIDeR
npOIl3BO,nIlTCII ua OT,neJIbHhIX, pa60TalOIQIIX HeSaBHCIIMO ,npyr OT APyra CTaBKaX,
aa ROTOpLlX BLlnOJIHlleTCII nOJIHLlii InIKJI C60P01JHhIX onepa lIii.
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C60PKII nOKpLImeK C npllMeHeHlleM IIB,nIlBII,nyaJIbHhIX C60P01JBbIX CTaBROB IIMeeT
CBOII npellMYIQeCTBa II He,nOCTaTKH, ROTOphIe CBO,nIlTCII B OCBOBBOM R CJIe,nYIOIQeMY:
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o,nHoro HJIII rpynnLl CTaHKOB JIIIHIIII He OCTaHOBIITCII, a 6y,neT pa60TaTI> JIlIDIb
C MeHbmeB npOIlSBOAlITeJIbBOCTblO; JIIIHIlIO MomHO 6L1CTpO nepeCTpOIlTb npll nepe-
xop;e Ha npoIl3Bo,nCTBO nOKphImeR APyroro paSMepa; Ba JIHBIIH MO)RHO C He60JIb-
DlIIMII OCJIOmHeHlIlIMU BhInycKaTb o,nHOBpeMeBHO nOKpLlmKII HeCKOJII>KIIX THDopas-
MepOB; KOMnJIeKCHall MexaBlIsa 1I1I II aBTOMaTlIsa 1I11 Bcero npo ecca C60P01JBbIX
onepa Hi C IICKJII01JeBHeM yqacTlI1I pa601Jero Ba IIBAHBII,nyaJIbHhIX C60P01JHLlX CTaB-
Kax npaKTII1JeCKII HeBOSMomHa; pa60Ta Ha 1IH,nIlBH,nyaJIbHhIX C60P01JBLlX CTaHRax,
Ha KOTOpLlX BhInOJIHlleTCII BeCb KOMnJIeKC C60P01JHhIX onepa IIB:, Tpe6yeT BLlCOKO'i
KBaJIlltlJIIKa HII C60PIQIIKOB, a Ka1JeCTBO c06paHHhIX nOKphImeK SaBIICIIT OT IIH,nIlBII-
;a;yaJIbHhIX cnoco6BOCTeu C60PIQIIKOB.
B nOCJIe,nHlle ro,nhI npOBOAIITCII pa60ThI no cos,naBHIO TeXHOJIOrH1JeCROrO npo-
necca II 060py,nOBaHIIII ,nJIII C60PKII nOKphImeK, OCHOBaHBhIX .Ba nOT01JHOM npHB-
IJ;lIne, C nOJIHoii MexaHlIsa lIeu Bcex onepa lIii II aBTOMaTlIsa lIeii IIX ynpaBJIeHIIII.
3TH pa60ThI tlJaKTII'IeCKII Be,nYTCII B ,nBYX OCHOBHhIX HanpaBJIeBHllx:
1. Cos,naHlle TeXHOJIOriAeCKIIX JIHHIIU Ha OCHOBe arperllpOBaHlI1I HBAHBII,ny-
aJIbHLlX nOJIyaBTOMaTH1JeCRIIX C60P01JHhIX CTaBKOB C 060pYAOBaBlleM AJIII paCKpOIl
Rop,na, HaJIOmeHlI1I peSlIHoBhIx npOCJIOeK II npllMeHeHIIII aBTOMaTHSHpOBaHHhIx
TpaHcnopTHLlX CIICTeM, 0 KOTOphIX rOBOpllJIOCb BhIIIIe. 3TO HanpaBJIeHlle pa60T
HBJIlleTCII B BaCTOIIIQee BpeMII OCBOBHhIM.
2. CosAaHlle nOT01JHO-nOJIyaBTOMaTH1JeCKIIX JlBBIIB: sarOTOBRII CJIOeB Rop,na II
C60PKII nOKphImeR Ha OCHOBe paC1JJIeHeBIIII Bcero npo ecca C60PRH Ba OTAeJII>BhIe
rpynnhI onepaI(Hii, BhInOJIBlleMhIX Ha Cne lIaJIIISllpOBaHHLlx nOJIyaBToMaTJI1JeCKIIX
-CTaHRax.
10.5.2. nonyasTOMaTHl.leCKHe nOTOI.IHble nHHHH H arperaTbI
C paCl.lneHeHHblM npOl,\eCCOM COOPKH nOKpblweK
KOMnJIeRCHO-MeXaBIISllpOBaHHall II aBTOMaTIISllpOBaHHaH c60pKa nOKphUUeR
aa nOT01JBhIX JIHBIIIIX II arperaTax IIBJIlleTCII Hall60JIee BhICOROii tlJopMoii opraHlIsa-
n;1I1I npo ecca B mllHHOM npOIlSBo,nCTBe.
TIpIlH HD pa60ThI Ram,nou aBToMaTII311poBaHHoii nOT01JHOii JIHBHII C60PRII
nOKpLlmeK IIJIB arperaTa OCBOBaH Ba paC1JJJeHeBIIII C60p01JHOrO npo ecca Ha OT-
,neJIbHLle onepa llJIII rpynnLl onepa IIB, KOTopLle no npo,nOJImllTeJII>HOCTII paBHhI
MeiR,ny c060ii IlJIII OTJIH1JaIOTCII HeaHa1JlITeJIbHO. IIpH c60pKe nOKphImeR nHeBMaTII-
'IeCl(llX mHB npOIlSBo,nIlTCII pa3JIH1JHLle no CJIOmHOCTII, xapaKTepy II npo,nOJImll-
TeJIbHOCTII OCHOBHhIe H BCIIOMOraTeJIbHhIe onepa HII. II09ToMY ,n0611TbCII paC1JJIe-
HeHlI1I onepa Hi, a6COJIIOTBO OAHHaKOBLlX no npo,nOJIiUlITeJIbHOCTII, npaKTH1JeCKII
HeBOSMomHO. II, KaK CJIe,nCTBlle 9Toro, BCHKall nOT01JHall JIIIHIIII C60PKII nOKphImeK
HMeeT CBOII «YSKlle MeCTa», ROTophIe xapaKTepllSYIOTCII Hall60JIee npo,nOJI)RIITeJIb-
HLIM IIKJIOM BhInOJIHeHlI1I onepa lIu.
OT,neJIbHhIe onepa HII IlJIII IIX rpynnhI Ha nOT01JHhIX JIIIBIIIIX HJIII arperaTaX
C60PKII nOKphImeK BLlnOJIHlllOTCII Ha CneInIaJIbHLlX onepa OHHhIX CTaHKax.
372
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IILIMH CTaBRaMII JIIIBIIII K H , ROTOpLlU onpe,neJIlleTCII SaBHCIIMOCTblO
T
K H =-
Till
I'Ae T - cYMMapaoe BPeMlI, Beo6xoABMoe Anll BLlDOJDIeBDII BceX oDepau;d; TI - Baa6o,Ubmee
BpeMII, aaTpa1JBBaeMoe Ba BLlDonaeBBe oDepa Bii Ba OABOM CTaBKe; II - KOJID'leCTBO onep .
n
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i. .;../!,., di.. ,'1
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Pac. 10.32. CXeMa A8CIITBCTaBO'IBoii KOBBeiiepao-KapycenbKoii DOTO'IBoii ,UBBBB C DepeABora-
IOm;BHDca CTaBKaMB AJlII c60pKo DOKpLlJDeK:
1 - C60PO"lBillit CTIUIOII; B - BP aIOlltaRCJI lIapycem.; 8 - HeDOJ\BBJI(!Udt DOMOCT; 4 - DBTaTeJIB; S - pen!>-
coBId DYTI>; 8 - HeIIOIBBJI(BaR mraTlliOpMa.
qeM 6JIllme R084J4JH lIeHT K H K eAHH e, TeM BhIme npOIlSBo,nllTeJIbHOCTb no-
T01JHOii JIHBIIII C60pKII.
HSBeCTHhI CJIe,nyIOIQlle TllnhI aBTOMaTIISllpOBaBHhIX nOT01JHhIX JIIIBIIU II arpera-
TOB: KOHBeuepHo-RapyceJIbHhIe C nepeMelItalOIQIIMHCH C60P01JHhIMII CTaBKaMII;
pOTa 1I0HHHe arperaTLI C BpaIQalOIQHMHCII CTaBHBaMII, nOBOpa1JIIBaIOJItIIMII no
Rpyry c60po1JBhIe 6apa6aHhI II YCTaHaBJIIIBalOIIQIMlIlIX Ha onepaInIOBBhIe nos ;
373
JlIIHIIII C rpynnoi BenO,nBII)RBhIX onepa
OHHhIX CTaHKOB, Mem,ny ROTOpLlMII nepe-
Me
aIOTCH c60po1JBhIe 6apa6aBhI-cnyTHHKII.
KOBseiiepBo-Rapycem.BloIe JlBBHB c nepe,nBHralO
MHCJl c60po'IIIYMH CTlUlRaMH.
TaKlle JIIIBIIH npllMeHIlIOTCH ,nJIII C60PRH nORpLImeR MaCCOBoro aCCOpTHMeHTa.
C60pKa 1JeTLlpexcJIoiiBhIX nORpbIDIeK npOIlSBo,nIlTCII Ba 10- II 18-CTaB01JHLlX JlBHIIIIX.
'YcTpoicTBO 10-CTaH01JBOii KapyceJIB nORasaBO Ba pllC. 10.32. Ha BpaIQa-
IOIQeiicH nJIaT4JopMe ROJIb
eBOro Tllna - KapyceJIII 2 YCTaHOBJIeHO 10 c60po1JBLlX
CTaBROB. Becb npo
ecc C60PRII pas611T Ha 10 onepa
Hii; npo,nOJI)RIITeJlbHOCTI>
BLlnOJIBeHIIH Kam,noi liS HIIX OROJIO 20 c. BOKpyr RapyceJIII YCTaHaBJIHBalOTCH
1JeThIpe 4JecToBBLlx nllTaTeJIII AJIII CJIOeB ROPAa, OAHH DIITaTeJIb AJIII 6peKepa B
60pTOBLlX JIeHT01JeK H O,nHH ,nByxnOJI01JHLlH nHTaTeJIb AJIH npOTeKTopOB.
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pM8Tope ocym;eCTBJlReTCR B cneAY-
[OID;eB nOCJleAOBaTeJlbHOCTH. 3arOTOBKa nOKp1dJIlK1I YCT8H811J1HBaeTCJI H8 HumHHH
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peBHIQIO nOJlOCTh. tJTOOY pacnp8BHTL II C
OpMOB8Tb S8rOTOBKY, B Bee nOA8eTCJI
BOA A8BJleHHeM cmaTIdH B03AYX, B peSYJlbTaTe lIero nOKpHIlIK8 npllBHM8eT TOpO-
oopaSHYIO
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B nOKpymKY S8KJlaAldB8eTCJI B8p01lB8J1 K8Mep8, BYT8JiKDB8eM8R DS I(BJlHHAP8
5 (CM. pHC. 11.2), H OAHOBpeMeHHO npOH3BOAIITCJI onycKalllle BepXHero CTOJl8 4
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BapOllHOB KaMepY. tJTOOId 3a
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nOAaeTCJI Ha nopmeHb 9
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cmaml BOSAYX nOAaeTCR B
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opMoBaHBe nOKpHIlIeK B
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BHB paooToB npBB01:{a. ,l(JIJI nOA'LeMa nOKpHIlIeK AO ypOBHJI HHmuero CTOJla y .op..
MaTopOB lIMeeTCJI nOA'LeMHIdB CTOJI.
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ABTOKJlaB-npeCCY JlBJlJIIOTCJI BaBOOJlee CTapldM oOoPYAoBaBBeM. HsroToBJleBBe
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B OOJlbmOM KOJlHlIeCTBe.
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KPYDHOraOapHTHldx nOKpLnDeK B 01leHb OrpaHB1leHHOM KOJlJl1leCTBe HCnOJlbSYIOTCJI
aBTeKJlaBY co C'LeMIlldM KOJlOKOJlOM, KOTopide cHaOmeHYl. oaiioHeTHIdM saTBopOM B
pesBlioBoB MeMopa&oi, oOeCnellHBalOm;eB He06xo)J;IIMoe npeCCOBoe yCHJlHe.
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cpaBHeHHlO C aBTOKJlaB-npeccaMD: OTnaAaeT HeOOxoAIIMOCTb TpaHCnOpTDpOBKB npecc-
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lIaeTCJI TPYA. CBHmaIOTCR Tpyp;OBye saTpaTLI; 00eCne1lBBaeTCJI oOJlee paBHOMepHaJl
BYJIKaHHSaI(JIR, TaK KaK Bce nOKpldmKH BYJlKaHBSYIOTCJI npD OAHOM D TOM me
TenJlOBOM pemDMe; HCKJllOlIaeTCJI MaCCOBYB opaK nOKpLnDeK Ds-sa HapymeHDJI
pemHMa BYJlKaBBsaI(IIB (npH pa60Te Ha aBTOKJlaB-npecce B nOAOOHOM cnYlIae
B opaK DAyr Bce nOKpHIlIKD, HaXOARm;BeCJI B aBTOKJlaBe); SHallDTeJlbHO MeHldDe pac-
XOA aJleKTpOaHeprDII D napa; npeCC-
pMY Jlene D AOJlLme CJlymaT.
HHABBD1:{yaJlblllale BYJlKaHBSaTopLl OIdBalOT OAHO- H ABYX
opMOBlde. B OP;SO-
pMOBIdX (OADHapBYX) BYJIKaHHsyroT nOKpldmKD OOJlLmDX pasMepOB.
TeXHOJlOrH1leCKaJl cxeMa npOI(eCca ByJIKaHHSaI(DH C npllMeHeHDeM HH1:{1I8HAY-
aJlbHYX BYJlKaHBSaTopOB aHaJlOrB1lHa cxeMe C npDMeHeBBeM aBTOKJlaBOB, TaK KaK
B HHX Tome npBMeHJleTCJI BapOllBaJl KaMepa. PasMep HH1:{HBDAYaJlbHYX BYJlKaBIISa-
TOpOB YKa3YBalOT B )J;IOoax. OB OOOSHallaeT: AJlJI OAHO
OpMOBIdX BYJlKaHDSaTO-
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pMOBIdX BYJlKaHJISaTOpOB - nOJlOBHBy aToro paCCTOJlHDJI.
HHp;HBD1:{yaJlLHye BYJlKaHDSaTOpY OIdBalOT cJleAYIOm;BX paSMepOB: 36", 45",
55', 65" D 85". BYJlKaBHSaTOpY nepBIdX Tpex paSMepOB BynYCKalOTCJI cp;BoeB-
HYMD, a nOCJlep;HDX ABYX - 01:{HBapHLIMD.
, no THny ooorpeBa DHADBDAyaJlbHlde BYJlKaHHSaTOpld OYBalOT aBTOKJlaBHOrO
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OpMaMB, BMelOm;HMD napo-
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npeBMym;eCTBeHHO npDMeBJlIOT DH1:{HBDAyaJlbHye BYJlKaHHSaTopld aBTOKJlaBHOrO
TDna.
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(DHAHBHAyaJlhHIdB BYJlKaBHSaTOp nOKpLnDeK). nocJle oYKBeHHoro OOOSHalleBIIJI
CTaBDTCJI lIHCJlO, OOOSHallalOm;ee npeCCOBoe yCDJlHe. HDme npDBeAeHa TeXBJI1IeCKM
xapaKTepDCTDKa HH1:{HBHAYaJlbUYX BYJlKaHDSaTopOB lIeTypeX THnOB: .
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c1JoPMbl, MM
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2
2
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2,5
2.0-2.5
35
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23,0
3650
2780
3950
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2.5
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160
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4800
4350
3850
65,80
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lIMTL napoBoH KaMephI 2; BDmBei TpaBepChI 4, K KOTOpoi npllKpenJleBa BepXBJlR
nOJlOBBHa napoBoB KaMephI 3; BepxBei TpaBepchI 5, cBRsaBBoi C KpIlBomDnBo-ma-
TYHHYM MeXa&IISMOM 6; lIepBRlIHOrO pep;YKTopa 7 C aJleKTpOp;BllraTeJleM 8; syollaToi
nepep;allD 9, COCTOJlm;eH DS ABYX nap sYOllaThIX KOJleC, pacnOJlOmeBHhIx CDMMeTpB.1lBO
no 60KaM CTaHDBH; aKCI(eBTpDKoBoro MexaBDSMa 10; asapllihloro BYKJllOlIaTeJlR 11;
napoBhIx, rD1:{paBJI
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apMaTyphI; npll60poB KOBTpOJlR II perYJlllpOBaBDR TeMDepaTyphI II p;aBJleBIIR;
KOMaH}:{Boro nplloopa II cpep;cTB aBTOMaTBKII.
HllmBRR nOJlOBBBa npecc-
opMhI KpenllTCR K BllmBeB nOJlOBDHe napoBoi
KaMepy, a BepxBRR - K BepxBei. BepxBRR nOJly
opMa KpenllTcR K nJlaBmaBOe,
nJlamnaioa Itop;HIIMaeTcR II onycKaeTcR npll YCTaBOBKe npecc-
opM paSJlJl1IIIOB
BhICO
hI II npll perYJlllpOBaBlI1I HaTHra nOJly
opM.
,l(J1R OOJleneHIIR DSBJlelleBDR rOTOBhIX nOKpHIlIeK liS npecc-
opM BepxHei
nOJly<)opMe npll oTKphIBaBIIII napOBYX KaMep cOOOm;aeTcR p;BllmeHlle no CJlOmBOB
TpaeRTopllll.
Y BYJlKaBIISaTopoB, npep;BaSBalleBHhIX 1:{J1R BYJlKaBIISaI(1I11 rpysoBhIx nOKpw-
meR, OTphIB nOKphImeK OT BDmBeB nOJly
opMhI ocym;ecTBJlHercR BCTpoeBBhIM
B cTaBHBy CneI(lIaJlLBhIM MexaBIISMOM. Y BYJlKaHIIsaTopa HBn-700 aTOT MexaBIISM
COCTOHT liS I(DJlDHApa 13 (CM. pllC. 11.5) II OopToBoro KOJlbI(a 12. tJTOOhI OTOp-
BaTb nOKphImKY OT BllmBei nOJlY
opMY nocJle paCKphITIIH napOBYX KaMep B I(II-
J111Bp;p aacocoM nop;aerCR MaCJlO nop; p;aBJleBlleM AO 5 MIla. BopToBoe KOJlbI(O nO)l;-
BlIMaeTCR BBepx, OTphIBaR nOKphImKY OT BllmBeB nOJly
opMhI. Hep;ocTaTKoM Mexa-
BDSMa RBJlReTCR BhICOKoe p;aBJleBlle MaCJla B I(HJlIIHApe, ynJloTBeHlle KOToporo
CBRsaHO C BeKoTophIMII TPY1:{BOCTRMD.
HBp;IIBllp;yaJlLBhIH BYJlKaBDsaTop HBII-1100 He IIMeeT Tpap;HI(HOBBOrO Mexa-
BlIlIeCKOrO npIlBop;a. Ero YCTPOHCTBO nOKasaHO Ba pllC. 11.6. Ha CTaHIIHe 1 YCTa-
BOBJleB CTOJI 2, Ba KOTOphIB yCTaBaBJlIIBaeTCR BHmHRR nOJly
opMa 3. 1\ CTaHHBe 1
npllBapeBo KOJlbI(O 5, Ha Bero onllpaeTCR napoBaH KaMepa 9 KOJlbI(OM 7. BepxBRR
nOJly
opMa 8 KpenDTCR K napoBoH KaMepe OOJlTaMII 11. PerYJlllpoBaBlle nOJlOmeHIIR
BepxHeB nOJly
opMhI no BhICOTe ocym;ecTBJlReTCR meCTLIO BBBTaMH 10. 1\OJlLna 5
II 7 CBHSYBalOTCR oaioBeTBhIM KOJlbI(OM 6, p;J1R nOBopOTa KOToporo npH OTKphIBaHDB
II saKphIBaHIID KaMephI Ba CTaBIIBe 1 yKpenJleBhI p;Ba rllp;paBJllIlIeCKIIX I(1IJ1I1Hp;pa 4.
I1pll saKphIBaBIIII KaMephI nOJly
opMhI CMhIKalOTCR oes HaTRra p;J1H oOJlee
J1erKOro nOBopoTa OaBOBeTBOrO KOJlbI(a 6. ,l(J1H cosp;aHIIH Heooxop;HMoro HaTRra
nOJly+opM B CTaBBBe BCTpoeBhI meCTb rllp;paBJI
eCKIIX I(1IJ1I1BP;pOB 18 p;lIa
par-
MeDoro TBDa. I10cJle saKphITIIR napoBoH KaMepy, nepep; nOp;alleH TenJlOBOCIITeJleB
391
12
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ny saXBaTa nOKpHIlIKII MexaHBSMhI OYBalOT
C saXBaTOM no p;lIaMeTpy ooop;a Bpacnop II no BapymHoMy p;lIaMeTpy npOTeKTopa.
Ha pllC. 11.8 nOKasa&o sarpys01lB0e YCTPOBCTBO
opMaTopa-BYJlKaBIIsa-
Topa 55". ChIpye nOKpHIlIKII nOp;alOTClI liS I(exa COOpKH TpaBcnopmoi CIICTeMOB.
.Y
opMaT
pa-BYJlKaBIIsaTopa YCTaBOBJleB I(DJlD.HAP 1, B KOTOpYi BPY1IByro YCTa-
BaBJlIIBaeTeR nOKpHIlIKa 2, CBRTaJl C TpaHcnOpTHOD: CllCTeMJ>t. naTpoH a saX01:{IIT
BByTPL nOKpHIlIKJII II, paSmllMaRCb, SaXBaTYBaeT ee sa oopTa. naTpoB a COCTOIlT
liS lIeTypeX DJlII meCTII J10nacTei 4, cmllMaeMYX npymllBaMB 5 B pasmllMaeMYX
cmaThIM BOS)J;YXOM, nop;aBaeMYM B I(1IJ1I1Bp;p 6 nop; p;aBJleHlleM 0,7 Mna. RpOBmTeBH
7, K KOTOpOMY npllKpenJleH naTpOB a, nOp;BIIMaeTCR BBepx no KOJIOBKe 8, npllKpen-
J1eBBOD: K CTaaBBe
opMaTopa-BYJlKaBDSaTopa. llOA'LeM B onYCKaHlle KpoBmTeiiHa
C naTpOBOM npollsBOP;DTClI aJleKTpOp;BHraTeJleM 9 lIepes pep;YKTop 10 npD nOMO
1I
Tpoca IIJ1B I(enD 11. nOABRThID: BBepx KpOHmTeD:B c naTpoBoM II nOKphImKoB pas-
BOpallHBaeTCR BMeCTe C KOJlOBKOD: 8 II yCTaBaBJIHBaeTCR B I(eBTpe napoBoB KaMephI
Hap; p;B8
parMOB.
nOBOpO'1' KOJlOHKII 8 oCyII{ecTBJllIeTCR CmaThI)1 BOSP;YXOM npll nOMOm;D
HJlIIBp;pa,
cBaomeBBoro syollaToB peiKoB, II meCTepBJII, YKpenJIeHBOi Ba KOJlOHKe. naTpoB,
n01:{BRTYB BBepx II YCTaHOBJleBBYD: BaA p;Da
parMOB, cmllMaeTCJI D. COpaCYBaeT
nOKphImKY Ba p;lIa
parMY. CBOOOP;BO nap;alOm;aR nOKpymKa BaAeBaeTClI Ba p;lIa-
parMY, a naTpOH paSBOpallllBaeTCR B Dcxop;Boe nOJlOmeBlle p;J1R nplleMa cJlep;y-
lOm;eD: nOKpYmK.. npll nOMOm;1I Tex me YCTPOD:CTB naTpOB C nOKphIWKOB MomeT
onYCTIITbCR BHlla II Bap;eTL nOKpYmKY Ba p;Da
parMY. nOCJlep;BIID: cnocoo 60Jlee
BaAemeB, B nOCJle
Bee BpeMR OB nOJl
J1 HallOOJlbmee pacnpOCTpaBeBDe.
.398
9 10
a
<::>
..,.
330
«>
6
PBC. H.8. 3arpY30....oe YCTpoiicTBO K 4fjopMaToPY-BY.1IJ(aBB38.TOPY 55':
a - BII,II CDepeAB; G -... cGoRJI 1 - UBnBBJIP; ,- uOlCplillDta; 8 - ua1'pOB; , - DouaQTB ua'l'POHa; 6-
UDyJKBHbI; 6 - UBeBIIOltBJIlDQUI; 1 - lCpOHlDTeIB; 8 - lCODomca; 9 - eneIl'J'poJIBlII'a!ea; 10 - peJJ;yKTOp;
'I _"'nnt't"
npB ByJlKaBBSaI(BB DOKpwmeK TDDa P SaKJlap;Ka 1:{Ba
parM:Y B DOKpymKY
MOmeT ocym.eCTBJlRTLCR DPB DOMOm;u naTpOBa MeXaBBSMa SarpYSKB. B aTOM cny-
lIae DaTpOB yp;epmBBaeT BepXBBi OOpT nOKpmnKB AO MOMeBTa DOJlBOB SaRJlap;KB
AB8
parMhI B DOJlOCTL nOKpYmKB. Ha pBC. H.9 DOKasaB
opMaTop-BYJlKaHBsaTop
40" C aBTOMaTH1leCKOi sarpysKoB. Hap;
opMaTopoM-BYJlKaHDsaTopoM yCTaBoBJleB
TpaBcDopTep 1 C J10TRaMB. nOKpHIlIKB 2 COpaCI>IBalOTCR C TpaHcDopTepBOB: CB-
CTeMI>I B J10TKB a. npB ABBmeBBB I(eDD TpaHcnopTepa DOKphImKB, DaAaR C J1OTKa,
sap;eBalOTCR sa DaTpOHLI 4 MexaHBSMa sarpYSRB
opMaTopa-BYJlKaBBsaTopa.
naTpoB pasmBMaeTCR B 1:{epmBT nOKpLIDIKY B paCTRBYTOM COCTORBBH, DORa
op-
MaTop-BYJlKaHDsaTOp Be paCRpoeTCR B Be Bl>lrpysBT BYJlKaBBSOBUBl>le DOKpYmKD.
BYJlKaHBSOBaHuaR DOKpl>lmKa 6, CKaTYBaRCL C pOJlLraUra 5 Ha OroOp01lBLIB TpaBC-
nopTep 7, Dop;aeT CBrHaJl Ha DOBOpOT DaTpOBa. 3yollaTaR pe:DKa 2 (pBC. 11.10)
OD'YCKaeTCR BBBS C DopmBeM I(BJlBHp;pa 1 B DOBOpallBBaeT meCTepulO a, CBAJlm.yro
Ba BaJlY 4, K KOTOPOMY
epes pYlIar 5 DpBKpeDJleB DaTpOB. HaK TOJILKO D8TpOH
OCTaHOBBTCR B BHmBeM DOJlOmeBBB CTporo no OCD. AHa
p8rMhI 8, JlODaCTB 6 cmB-
MalOTCR H OCBooomp;eBBaR nOKphImKa 7 Dap;aeT BHBS B Bap;eBaeTCJI Ba p;Ba
parMY.
3arpysRa DpOBSBep;eBa, DaTpOBhI B cmaTOM COCTOJlBDB BOSBpam.aIOTCR BBepx P;J1H
DpDeMa 01lepep;BYX nOKphImeK, DapOBhIe KaMepY saKpbIBaIOTCR, Ba
BaeTCJI
op-
MOBaBBe nOKpHIlIeK. HecMoTpR ua BeKOTOpye Bep;OCTaTKB, sarpys01lBYe MexaHHSMhI
D01:{OOHOrO 'TDDa B HaCTOHm.ee BpeMJI flBJlRIOTCR BaBOOJlee COBepmeBBhIMH. OHD
Be a8HHMalOT AODOJlBBTeJlbBOB DJlOm;a1:{11l B I(exe BYJlKaHBSaI(BB, TaK KaR pas Me-
m;euhl Bap;
opMaTopaMB-:BYJlKaBBsaTopaMB.
BYCOKaR CTeDeHL aBTOMaTBSaI(BB sarpYSKB CBOP;BT pOJlb BYJlRaHBSaTOpm;BRa
K BaOJlIOp;eHmo sa paOOTO:D MexaBBSMOB B SaCTaBJlJleT DpHOeraTL K pyqaOMY TPYAY
TOJILKO B 8BapBiiHhIX CJlyqaHx, KOTophIe 1DI0rp;a DpOBCXOART BCJle1:{cTBBe saBHC8BHH
DOKphImKD Ba BepXBeM OOpTOBOM KOJlLI(e KpeDJleBHR p;B8
parMY. Ho B B aTBX
cJlyqaRx Be OhIBaeT DOp
DOKpymeK BJIB DOJlOMKB MexaBHSMOB, TaK ItaK aBTOMaTH-
lIeCKHe YCTpO:DCTBa Be BKJllOlIalOT MeXaBBSMY P;J1R BhIIlOJlBeHBJI cJlep;yrom;eB: onepa-
I(HB, eCJlB Dpep;YAym.aR Be BhIDOJlBeBa DB BYDOJlHeHa BeDpaBBJlbBO; Bce MeXaHD.SMbl
OCTaU8BJlBBalOTCR B MorYT OhITL saDym;eBhI B paOOTY TOJILKO nocJle yCTpaHeBBR
HeDOJIap;KB.
0 p MOB a H BeD 0 K. P hI m e K. B OTJI
He OT BOSp;ymBYX B lIaKYYMHYX
opMaTopOB, rAe
opMOBaHBe nOKpwmeR ocym;ecTBJlReTCJI sa ClIeT nOp;allH B DO-
J10CTb DOKpYmKD CmaToro BosAyxa BJIB cosp;aBBH BaKYYMa DO BapymHoB DOBepx-
BOCTD, B
opMaTopaX-BYJlKaBB8aTopax DpOI(ecC
OpMOBaIll'lR, RaK ym
OTMellaJlOCb,
DpOBSBOp;BTCR p;Da
parMOB:, B DOJlOCTL KOTOpoi DOAaeTCJI Bac
eHHYii Dap p;a-
BJleHHeM 0,2-0,5 Mna.
B DpOI(eCCe
opMOBaHBJI 01leHL Bamaoe SBalleHBe BMeeT DpaBBJlLBOe paCDO-
J10meHBe ChI poi DOKpHIlIKB OTBOCBTeJlLHO p;Ha
parMhI. nOKpYmKa p;OJlmBa OYTL
CTporo OTI(eHTpBpOBaHa, B npOTDBBOM cJlyqae BOSMomHO oopasoBaBHe p;e
eRToB
B rOTOBO:D DOKpHIlIKe - «YSKBB oopn, «BYDpeOOOBKa DO HOCKY OOpTa», «YBOA
KphIJla» B p;p. noaTOMY Beooxop;BMO CJlep;BTb sa TeM, lITOOY Bce TOllKB BepXBero
oopTa DOKpYmKB DPH
opMOBaBDB B MOMeUT SaKphITHJI Dpecca BaXOp;BJlBCb Ba
op;HBaKOBOM paCCTOJlBHB OT BepXBero samHMBoro KOJlbI(a p;Ba
parMY, T. e. MemAY
BepXHBM P;BCKOM B OOpTOM DOKphImKB KOJlLI(eBOB saaop p;OJlmeH BMeTb BeS1:{e
01:{mlaKOByro mBpBHY.
,l(aBJleHBe
OpMYIOm;ero Dapa peryJlBpyeTcR TaK, lITOOLI K MOMeBTY SaKpYTHH
Dpecca DOKpYmRa OI.IJIa DOJlBOCTblO C
opMOBaBa, DPB aTOM sasop Memp;y BapymBhIM
p;BaMeTpOM nOKpYmKB B BBYTpeBHBM ABaMeTpOt.1 DpeCC-
OpMY p;OJlmeH OYTb
MDBBMaJlbHhIM (5-10 MM). ,l(o MOMeHTa DOP;811H TeDJlOHOCHTeJlJl B nOJlOCTb AHa-
parMY p;aBJleHHe
OpMYIOm;ero Dapa BeooxoAHMO coxpaBBTb B DpeAeJlaX 0,03-
0,05 Mna B I(eJlRX DJlOTHOrO Dop;maTHR p;H8
parMY K BBYTpeBBeB DOBepXBOCTD
DORpymKD.. n pB p;aBJleHBH HBme YRasaBBoro Dpep;eJla p;Ba
parMa sa ClIeT ynpyrBx
CBOBCTB pesBBhI Ha
eT CmD.MaTLCR p;o DepBOBallaJlLBhIX CBOHX pasMepoB, B Memp;y
400
I
c
"
PBC. H.9. cD0pMaTop-BYJJKaBB3aTOp 40. C aBTOMaTlI'JecKOi sarpysKOD: no-
KpYIDeK:
1 - 'l'PaSCDOprep; S - CLJp81l DOKpIiDJRa; a - monbKa (nOTOK); 4 - Da'l'POS; 6 - pom.-
r81lr; 6 - ByJlRallJl80BlUlHa1l DOKpliDJKa, 7 - oT60pO'l1lW1 'l'P81ICDOPftP.
PBC. H.10. Mex8BBSM aBTOMaTlI'JecKOD: sarpY3KB ewpwx DOKpameK B BYJI.
K8BB3aTOp:
1 - llReBMoQOnRJInp; S - sy6qaTall pelKa; a - mecTepSR; , - Ban; 6 - pW'lar; 6 -
ODaCTH na'l'POsa; 7 - ewpan DOltpblmua; 8 - ,,_afjIparMa.
26 3aK!l3 163
'nOKpLnDKOB D 1:{Da
parMOB: oopasyeTcR BosAymHaR nOJlOCTb, lITO MOmeT B npOI(eCCe
»YJlKaHDSa
DD npDBeCTD K OOpaSOBaHDIO 1:{e
eKTOB «(nYSypD)), CpaCCJlOeHDe Kap-
KaCa) D AP. B rOTOBYX nOKpLnDKaX.
HeOOX01:{DMYM YCJlOBDeM npOn;ecca
OpMOBaHDR RBJlReTCR MJIIHlIMaJlbHaR
. paSHBn;a MemAY TeMnepaTYPOB:
opMyrom;ero napa D 1:{Da
parMY. XOJlO1:{BaR 1:{Da-
parMa oOJlee meCTKa D xyme 1:{
OpMDPyeTcR, lITO MomeT npDBeCTD K p;
eKTY
«CKJlap;KD OT P;Da
parM».
,l(J1R Kam1:{OrO paSMepa nOKpymeK OTpaOaTYBaeTCR HaDOOJlee OnTDMaJlLHLIB
'pemDM
opMOBaBDR nYTeM BapLDpOBaBHR 1:{BYX nepeMeHHYX BeJlDlIBB: a) 1:{aBJle-
HDR napa D 0) BpeMeHD ero 1:{eBCTBDR. (]>0pMyrom;DB nap nop;aeTCR B MOMeHT HallaJia
p;BDmeHDR npecca. tJeM HDme onycKaeTcR BepXHRJI nOJly
opMa, TeM B oOJlbmei
CTeneHB
opMyeTcR nOKpLnDKa, D K MOMeHTy SaKpYTBR npecca
opMOBaHDe 1:{OJlmHO
OYTb nOJlHOCTblO aaBepmeHO.
nepBYi MeTOp; perYJlDpOBaHBR npon;ecca
opMOBaHDR nepBOHallaJlbHO OYJI
paSpaOOTaB
UpMOB «MaK-HeiiJI) (CillA). 3Ta npocTeimaR CB(',TeMa npeAYCMaTpD-
BaeT npB Sa1:{aHHOM 1:{aBJleHDJII
opMyrom;ero napa perY
DpOBaHDe npon;ecca no
BpeMeHD.
opMYIOm;DB: nap n01:{aeTCR npD onYCKaHDD BepXUeB: nOJly
opMY D CTpa-
BJlDBaeTCR npD ee OCTaHOBe. TaKDX OCTaHOBOB npecca, DJlD, KaK DX HaSYBaIOT,
«BS1:{OXOB», MomeT OYTb HeCKOJlbKO B saBDCDMOCTD OT paaMepa
opMyeMoi nOKpymKD
D MeTop;a C60pKB. ,l(J1R nOJlY1:{OpHOBYX nOKpYmeK TpeoyeTcR oO
J.me «BSp;OXOB»,
1IeM AJIR nOJlynJlOCKDX, TaK KaK KOJlDlIeCTBO Boap;yxa, OCTaBmerOCR Mem1:{y 1:{Da
par-
MOB D nOKpYmKOB:, OOJlLme B cJlYllae COOpKD Ha nOJlY1:{OpHOBYX oapaoaHax. TaKOB
cDcTeMoB aBTOMaTB1IeCKOrO perYJlDpoBaHDR OOopY1:{OBaHO OOJlbmDHCTBo 4}opMa-
TOPOB-BYJlKaHDaaTopoB Ha OTelleCTBeHHYX mBBHYX SaB01:{ax. 01:{HaKO aTa CDCTeMa
Tpe6yeT cTpororo nOCTORHCTBa 1:{aBJleHDR
OpMyrom;ero napa D TeMDepaTYpY 1:{Da-
.
parM K HallaJlY n;DKJla
opMOBaHHR.
BTOpoi MeTo1:{ aBTOMa
eCKoro perYJlDpoBaHuR npep;ycMaTpDBaeT yCTaHoBKY
perYJlRTopa p;aBJleHDR, KOTOpYi npD 1:{OCTBmeHDD Sa1:{aHHOro p;aBJleHDR aBTOMa-
TDlIeCKD npepYBaeT nop;allY napa. EC
D sap;aHHoe p;aBJleHDe He 1:{OCTDrByTO npD
onpe1:{eJleBHOM nOJlOmeHDD BepXHeB: nOJly
opMY, TO npecc OCTaHaBJlDBaeTCR.
BepXHRJI no
y
opMa nepeMem;aeTCR TOJlbKO B TOM cJlyqae, eCJlB Beooxop;DMoe
p;aBJleHDe 1:{OCTDrHYTO. MeT01:{ perYJlDpOBaHDR no 1:{aBJleHDIO oo
ee COBepmeHeB,
TaK KaK UCKJlIO
aeT BJlDRHDe TeMnepaTypN 1:{Da
parMN, HO D B aTOM cJlyqae He-
BOSMomao op;HOBpeMeHHoe DCnOJlbSOBaHlIe 1:{Ba
parM paSJlDlIHOB: meCTKOCTB.
TpeTDB: MeT01:{ npe1:{YCMaTpDBaeT YCTaHOBKY Ha Kam1:{YIO 1:{Da
parMY MeXUD-
lIeCKoro p;aTlIDKa (m;yna), KOTOpYB: ynpaBJlReT npo
eCCOM
opMOBaHDR no sap;aHBYM
raoapDTaM .
opMyeMoi nOKpymKD. Ha Kam1:{yro 1:{Da
parMY YCTaHaBJlDBaeTCR
KJlanaH n01:{a
D
OpMYIOm;ero napa. 3TOT MeT01:{ HaDOOJlee cOBepmeHeH, TaK KaK
DCKJllOlIaeT BJlDRHDe KaK TeMnepaTYpY 1:{Da
parMY, TaK D meCTKOCTD p;Da
parM.
Op;uaKO OH He nOJlyqDJI mDpOKoro pacnpOCTpaHeHDR Ds-aa CJlOmHOCTH YCTpOBCTBa
CDCTeMY perYJlDpOBaHDR.
Bce CKaaaHHoe 0 npon;ecce
opMOBaHDR OTHOCDTCR K nOKpYmKaM 1:{DarOHaJlb-
HOB KOHCTpYKn;BD. npD
opMOBaHDB Ha
opMaTopax-BYJlKaHDaaTopax pa1:{DaJlbHYX
nOKpYmeK 1:{Da
parMa SaKJlap;YBaeTCR B nOJlOCTb yme C
opMOBaHHOB nOKpLnDKB.
Hp;M npDMeHDTb CmaTYB: BOa1:{Yx KaK
opMyrom;DB afeHT BMeCTO napa He HamJla
npDMeHeHDR. OKBCJleHDe KDCJlOp01:{OM BOS1:{yxa D HeBoaMomHOCTb n01:{OrpeBa 1:{Ba-
parM 1:{0 HeOOXOADMOi TeMnepaTYpY CHDmalOT aKcnJlyaTan;DOHHYIO BYHOCJlDBOCTL
ADa
parM.
B y JI K a B D a a n; D JI. nocJle saBepmeHBR npo
ecca
opMOBaHDR D nOJlHOrO
SaMYKaHHR
OpMY BHYTPb 1:{Da
parMY n01:{aeTCR rpelOm;DB nap nOBYmeHHoro
1:{aBJleHDR D neperpeTaR B01:{a; npecc-
opMa ooorpesaeTcR napOM. npon;ecc
BYJlKaHDsan;DD npOTeKaeT npDMepHO TaKDM me oopaSOM, KaK B B DH1:{DBDp;yaJlJ.HOM
BYJlKaHDsaTope. npon;ecc BYJlKaHDsan;DD ocym;ecTBJlReTCR aBTOMaTDlIeCKD no sa-
1:{aHBOMY pemDMY npD nOMOm;D R3n.
402
B hi e M K a A D a
par M Y D C H R TiD e D 0 K P Y m K D. tJTOOY Da-
BJlellL 1:{Da
parMY DS rOTOBOB: DOKpymKD oes OOJlLmDX YCDJlDii H DOBpemp;eBBi,
DOJlOCTb )J;Da
parMY DOCJle CJlDBa oXJlam1:{alOm;eB: B01:{Y coeADHReTcR C J1DHBeK
BaKYYMa; 1:{Da
parMa cmDMaeTCR D OT1:{eJlReTCR OT DOKpymKD.
7
j
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r
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.-=-
-=-
-:.=--
-==-
PBC. H.H. MeXaBB3M BLII'pYSKB BYJlK8BBSOB8IIIIUX DOKplIIDIeJC:
1 - nutpoummll,llP; S - MexaHH3M YDPaBneJDIll JIHafjlpaI'Molt; 8,6, 6. 9, 14, 16, SI, S2. 28, 27 - pW'larH;
, - BIUI C ODOPIIWIIH DOJJ;DlBDHBKallB; 7 - lDTaHra; 8 - 'l'POC; 10 -
eKa; 11, IS. 16,19, S6, 28 - OCR; 18,
16, S9 - POJIIIKO; 17 - rHJlpOltllJJJlJlJJ;p; 18 - DopmeHb; SO - IDTOK; S4 - pOJlltraHr; 80 - DOKpNDlKa.
DOKpymRD B DpO
e('Ce BYJlRaHDSan;DB DpDJlDDalOT R DpeCC-
OpMe, D
)J;J1.1i1 DX ByeMRD TpeOYIOTCR OOJlbmDe YCDJlDR. DpDMeHeHDe paSJlB'lBYX CMaaOR
)J;J1R
OpM D DORpYmeR YMeHbmaeT Cn;eDJleHDe peSDHY C MeTaJlJlOM, HO DOJl-
BOCTblO Be YCTpaHReT ero. CDJla Cn;eDJleHDR peaDHY C MeTaJlJlOM aaBDCDT OT
xapaRTepa pDCYHRa DpOTeRTopa, lIDCTOTY DOBepXHOCTD
OpMY, TeMDepaTypbl
BYJlKaHDSan;DD D 1:{PyrDx
aRTopOB. no J1DTepaTypHYM 1:{aHHYM, CDJla Cn;eDJleHBR
C rJla1:{Roii DOBepxHocTblO
OpMY COCTaBJlReT 0,1 MDa, a C DOBepXHOCTblO, Ba
ROTOPYIO HaHeceH DpoTeRTOpHYB: PDCYHOR, - 0,15 Mna. ECJlD OY OTpYB DORpLnDRD
OT
OpMY DpODCXOP;DJI 01:{HOBpeMeHHO DO Bceii DJlOm;a1:{D CODpDROCHOBeHDR, TO
)J;JIR DpeO)J;OJleHDR CDJlY Cn;eDJleHDR rpysoBoii DORpymRD Cpe1:{HerO pasMepa C Dpecc-
opMoii DOTpeOOBaJlOCb OY YCDJlDe 0,1-0,15 MH. Ho TaR RaR DORpymRa DMeeT
cpaBHDTeJlbHO OOJlbmylO aJlaCTD1IBOCTb D CDOCOOHOCTb 1:{e
Op)(DpOBaTbCR, TO OTpYB
. 4
JlpOBCX01:{DT DOCTeDeBBO, DPD SHa1JJlTeJlJ.BO MeHLmDX YCDJlBJlX. 01:{BaKO OTOpBaTL
OT
OpMH DOKpLnDKY
ame CaMOrO MaJlOrO paSMepa BpyqHyro oes DpHMeHeHBR
DpJIICDOC06J1eHBJI HeBOSMOmHO. ,l(J1R 9TOrO DMelOTCR CDe
aJlLHLle MeXaBJI8MH.
¥CTpOiCTBO MeXaHDSMa ByrpYSKD BYJlKaHDSOBaHHYX DOKpLUDeK DS topMa-
Topa-BYJlKa
B8aTopa 55" DOKasaHO Ha pDC. 11.11. MexaHDsM OTpYBa DOKpLUDKJII
OT HDmHeii DOJlY
OpMH COCTODT DS n;BJlDH}:{pa 1, pYlIarOB a, 5, 6, BaJia JII D0J:PIIBD-
BBKOB 4.
no OKOHlIaHDD DpOn;ecca BYJlKaHBSan;DB DapOBye KaMepY paCKpYBaIOTCR AJIR
JIepeaapR}:{KB. nOKpLDIlKa ao Haxop;DTCR B HDmueii DOJly
opMe B SaHBMaeT DOJlO-
jf(eHBe I. 'booy BSBJlellL ee DS
OpMY D YAaJlDTL DB
opMaTopa-BYJlKaBB8aTOpa,
;B IUlJI
p 1 D01:{aeTCR mD1:{KOCTL. n pH aTOM pYlIar a D01:{HHMaeT BBepx ldexaHBSM
:YDpaBJIeHBR 1:{Ba
parMoi 22. PYlIar a DepeMem;aeTCJI B DOJlOmeBBe II, OTpYBaeT
<DOKpIdJIlKY OT HBmBei DOJlY
OpMY D D01:{HDMaeT ee p;o DOJlOmeHJIIR II. PH1Iar a
!B DOJlOmeHDD II OCTaBaBJlBBaeTCR. B aTO BpeM1l D01:{aeTCR mD1:{KOCTL B n;DJlDH1:{p 17,
.KOTOpYii DpDB01:{DT B ,tteiiCTBDe pH1lamHYIO CDCTeMY. PYlIar 15, DOBOpa1JJlBaRCL
IHa OCJllll, D01:{B01:{11lT pOJlDK 26 BOJX DOKPLUDKY B DOJlOmeHBe 11.
PH1IamaaR CDCTeMa B D01:{BBMaeTCR BBepx, B pYlIarD 9 DOP;BOP;RT mTaHry 7
'DO)); DOKpYmKy B DOJlOmeBBe II. B 9TOT MOMeHT DOp;alla mD1:{KO
TB B I(DJlBB1:{p 17
. npeKpaJD;aeTCR, pH1lamBlie CJIICTeMH A D B OCTaHaBJlDBaIOTCR. ,l(J1J1 YAaJleHDR
a
parMH DS DOKpWDmJII DpOIlSBOPTCR DepeKJllOlIeHDe D01:{allD mll)J;KOCTB B oopaT-
Hyro CTOPOHY I(BJIlIB)J;pa 1 B oABoBpeMeHHo D01:{aeTCR mBp;KOCTD DOP; DopmeBL
mTOKa MexaHDSMa YDpaBJleBBJI 1:{
a
parMoii. PH1Iar a BOSBpam;aeTCR B DCX01:{Hoe
,DOJlOmeHBe I, BYTRrDBaeT 1:{Ba
parMY DS DOKpYmKD BHDS, a mTOK MexaUDSMa
YDpaBJleBBJI p;Da
parMoi BHTJlrJilBaeT 1:{Da
parMY BBepx. nOKpldJIlKa DPD aTOM
,-ODDpaeTCR sa mTaHry 7 B pomum 26. .
HSBJlelleHHM DS DOKpLUDKB 1:{Ba
parMa D01:{ BaKYYMOM cmllMaeTCJI JII, ODY-
,cKaRCL BHDS, BYX01:{BT DS DOKpHIlIKD. KaK TOJILKO pYlIar a p;oii}:{eT ));0 Dsa B OCTa-
,BOBBTCR, B I(DJlBB1:{p 17 CBOBa D01:{aeTCR 1KD1:{KOCTL JII ooe pH1lamm.Ie CBCTeMW DpJII-
X01:{RT B ,tteiicTBlle. Korp;a DopmeHL 18
J1BB1:{pa 17 oYAeT HaXOpTLCH B BDmaeM
.,J(pabeM DOJlOmeBBD, pOJlJIIK 26 JII mTura 7 saiiMYT DOJlOmeBBJI III.
nOKpLUDKa, Oy));yqD BaKJlOHeHa, CKaTYBaeTCR DO pOJlBKaM 26 D 1a Ha POJlJ.-
rur 24, C KOToporo DODap;aeT Ba OToop01lByii TpaHCDoprep. 'booy DOKpHJDKa oc-
TaBaJlaCL B HDmHeii DOJly
opMe, BBorp;a paS'LeM Dpec
opM 1:{eJlaeTCR Ba 10-12 MIl
.BHIlIe cpep;Heii J1BBBB npO
B.JIR. TaRDM oopasoM, HDmUR nOJly
opMa BMeeT BYCOry
Ba 20-24 MM 06J1LmylO, lIeM BepXBRJI. CJlep;OBaTeJlJ.Ho, CBJIa CI(eDJleBJIIR BepxHei
DOJlY
OpMY C DOKpWDmOi HaMHOrO MeHLme,
eM C BB1KBeii.
BsaDMo,tteicTBDe Mem));y MeXaBJIISMOM OTpYBa DOKpLnDKD D MeXaHBS.MOM YlIa-
.JIeBBJI ee DS
opMaTopa-BYJlKaBDSaTopa DOAAepmBBaeTCR cpe1:{CTBaMB aBTOMaTBKD,
J)es DpBMeHeBBJI pyqaoro TpYAa.
11.3.3.2. lDopMaTopbI-BYJlKaHHSaTopbI THna "aBTolfJopM"
opMaTOpY-BYJlKaHDSaTOpy TBDa «aBTO
OpJD CKOHCTPYBpOBalllal TaKme C yqe-
'TOM DCDOJlLSOBUJIIR peSDHOBoii ,ttDa
parMY. 31:{eCL 1:{Da
parMa Be BY1:{BDraeTCR
.BBepx, KaK Y
opMaTopOB-BYJlKaHDSaTopOB TDDa «oer-O-MaTBlC), a YODpaeTCR
.BHDS, B CDe
aJlJ.lllali I(DJlBBP;p, BMOHTDPOBUHYii B cTaHBHY. KOBCTPYKI(JIIR Ma-
.mBBY DpJII 9TOM YDpOm;aeTCR. B mBBHoii npOMYDIJleHHOCTJII KaDBTaJlDCTJI1IeCKDX
CTpU topMaTOpY-BYJlKaHDSaTOpY TBDa «aBTO
OpJD DpllMeBJllOTCR BapaBHe C Ma-
mBBaMD TBDa «oer-O-MaTBK..
AHrJldcKM
BpMa «,l(. BPD1:{)K) DSrOTaBJlBBaeT DO JlJllI(eHSBJII
DpMW «Heii-
meHeJl Pa60ep MamBBepm (CillA)
opMaTOpY-BYJlKaHDSaTOpY «aBTO
OpJD CJle-
.AYIOm;DX TDDopasMepoB: 40,5/230; 40,5/300; 46/385; 57/675; 75/475.
nepBye oopasI(Y
opMaTopoB-BynKaBJIISaTOpOB «aBTO
OpJD DSrOTaBJlBBaJlJIICL
.C. TpaBepcoii, DOJXBIIMalOm;eiicR no BepTBKaJID, oes OTBop;a HaS8A. ¥ COBpeMeBBYX
-404
'Mo)\eJlei 8TOT Be)\OCT8TOK YCTp8BeB, R BepXBJIJI Tp8BepC8 OTKJIOBJleTCJI B8S8l(,
'qTO )\8J10 B03MOmBOCTL MeX8BR3BpOB8TL S8rpYSKY B BLlrpYSKY DOKpLIDIeK.
npeBMy
ecTB8 y6Bp81O
eiiCJI
B8c11P8rMLI COCTOJIT B CJle
yIO
eM: MUDRaM
ynp8BJleBBJI npOll\e; Be Tpe6yIOTCJI ynJlOTBeBBJI, Be06xo
MLle npB p860Te B cpe
e
neperpeToii BO)\LI; MeXaBB3M pa60TaeT OT cm8Toro B03
YX8, DO
8B8eMoro DO,u
_18BJleBBeM 0,8 Mn8, BMeCTO mB)\KOCTB no
8BJleBBeM 2 Mn8. He
ocT8TOK
.COCTOBT B TOM, qTO y6Bp8to
8J1CJI
B8c11P8rM8 BcnLlTLlB8eT 60Jl!.mRe ,uecllopM8D;BB
B BMeeT MeBLmylO «XO
BMOCTL..
a
d
PDC. 11.t2. f!)oPM8TOP-BYJIKUBa8TOp TIIII8. taBTO!J.oPMt:
a - BlUd.c450KY OTKpNTOrO 4jJopllaTOpa C HanpallmnolltlDlB naaaMB; 6 - BUll. c450KY aaKPNTOro toPllaTOpa: 0
Sanpa:ans101l(1Dm pelKaMB; 1 - 450KoBble ll(eKD CTIUIJfJIIII: S - TPaBepea; 8 - ICYmlca; 4 - pomuar, S - na8;
, - Bepmllll nonyt!lopMa; 1 - 1J0KpNmKa; 8 - pomorlUfl'; 9 - HanpallJllllOlltali pefbca.
Y CTpoiicTBO c1tOpM8TOpoB-BYJlKaHB38TOpoB TBD8 «(8BTOcf»oPM). H8 pBC. 11.12
nOK838B8 cxeM8 4IopMaTop8-BYJlK8BB38TOp8 TBD8 c8BTocllopM& BOBOi KOBCTpyRD;BB.
K8K BB
BO B3 PBCYBK8, OB BMeeT 60JlLmOe CXO
CTBO C BYJlK8BB38TOpOM TBD8 «6er-
0-M8TBK). CT8BBB8 BMeeT 60KoBLIe Banp8BJlJlIO
Be
eKB 1 C 6erOBLIMB
OpOmK8MB
Jl;JlJI pOJlBKOB TpaBepCLI 2. BeroBLIe )\OpOmKB
eK C
eJl8BLI DO
Be60JlLmBM yKJIo-
BOM no OTBOmeBBIO K cIIpoBTY MamBBLI, qTO 06J1erq8eT p860TY DpBBO
8 DpR S8KpLl-
B8BD K8Mep. H8 Tp8Bepce 2 eCTL KYJlBCLI $, K KOTOpLIM npBKpenJleBLI pOJIBKB 4.
K8TJI
BeCJI B n83ax 5
eK 1 (pBC. 11.12, a). npB OTBo
e Tp8BepCLI Jl8S8
KYJlBCLI
YlepmBB810T ee OT npOBOp8qBB8BBJI, 6J18rO)\apJl qeMY BepXBJIJI nOJlYcllopM8 6
.cer
8 B8XO
TCJI B rOpBSOBTaJlLBOM nOJlOmeBBB. nOKpLIDIK8 7 B3 nOJlYcllopMLI 6
nOna)\aeT B8 pOJlLraBr 8, OTKy)\8 OB8 nocTynaeT B8 oT60pOq&Lli KOBBeiiep. K Ta-
KOMY cIIopMaToPY-BYJlK8BB3aToPY npBCTpaBB810TCJI MeX8BB3MLI 38rpY3KB 381'0-
TOBOK DOKpLIDIeK T8KBX me KOBCTPYKD;Bii, K8K 11 )\JlJI «6er-0-M8TBK..
Ha pBC. 11.12, 6 B306p8meH8 CxeM8 T8Koro me cIIopM8ToP8-BYJlK8BB3aTop8,
80 6e3 na30B B ll\eK8X CT8BBBLI B KYJlBC. npB OTBO)\e Tp8BepcLI 2 BepXBJIJI nOJly-
cIIopM8 y)\ep;KBBaeTCJI B ropB30BTaJlLBOM nOJlOmeBBB Banp8BJlJlIO
BMB peiiK8MB 9,
DO KOTOpLiM K8TJlTCJI pOJlBKB, YKpenJleBBLIe B8 TpaBepce.
405
!
8i
U!
ti!
i!
III 811:0 !/
"'-EI'I:(!=10 9 ""'''
.. '" . 0 II:-EI'II: i '" 5 "" 1:1'
111::1 a:="..Q, .
.= I Q,O::
I .,
:I; J:I, II!i!1O::lI:fo r j O....
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;!!! 1 C>
:
i2
52
i!1J
J"'::S!ii !:IIS
.
"'0 !:I
H
:';-"' l lQ i OH" s=.
:I! III Q,£:'oS'; III .i......... o
= 0
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f
aQ,=lQo!
E
!o
I °B I !i:':
"5I!. i Ii!5
'0'" ii II:IiI ....0 , 111:111:1 BQ,
III II:
"
:II 1:1 . °
;
!.. U;!S , &t
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o
i
1:1:=
t""Q,
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1 f=..
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,., «»:>, ..I».. ....:II 0...=......
- :I! III
.. IQ 0::... fo.... ::E! II 9'=.. 0::.... ".
Otz!
...
....
y CTpOBCTBO
Byx4)opMoBoro 4)OpM8TOP8-BYJlK8BB38TOp8 TBD8 C8BT04)OpM)
nOR8a8S0 B8 pBC. 11.13. H8 CUBBBe 1. YCT8S8BJlBB81OTCJI BBmBBe 060rpeB8TeJlLBLIe
nJlBTIi 2, B8 KOTopLie CT8BJlTCJI BBmBBe CMeBBLIe nOJly4)opMLI 3. BepxBBe nOJlY-
4)0 pM LI4, T8K me K8K B BBmBBe, KpenJlTCJI K 060rpeB8TeJlLBLIM nJlBT8M 5, npBKpen-
JleBBLIM K nJl8Bm8ii68M 6. nJl8Bm8ii6L1 6 COe)\BBeBLI C Tp8Bepcoii 7 BBBT8MB 8
B r8iiK8MB 9. BusTLI 8 npOBOp8qBBalOTCJI B DJl8Sm8ii68X, 8 r8mCB 9 38KpenJleBLI
B TpaBepce BenO)\BBmBO. npOBOp8qBB8J1 BBBTLI 8, nJlaBm8ii6L1 onYCR8IOTCJI BJIB
nO)\BBMaIOTCJI, qTO n03BOJlJleT perYJlBpOB8TL B8TJlr nOJly4)opM npB BX CMLlK8BBB.
npOBOpOT nJl8sm8ii6 npe
OTBp8
8eTCJI mTB4)T8MB 1.0, 38KpenJleBBLIMB B DJlaB-
m8i6ax SenO)\BBmso.
TpaBepc8 7 BMeeT
Be D;8D4)LI 1.1., B8 meiiKB KOTOpLiX B8)\eB8IOTCJI m8TYBLl1.2.
BBYTPB Tp8BepcLI BCTpoesLi MeX8BBSMLI 1.3, BLlT8J1KBB81O
Be
B84)p8rMLI 1.5 B3
DOKpLimeK 1.4. nocTyn8TeJlLBOe )\BBmeBBe MeX8BB3MOB 1.3 npOBCXO)\BT OT nueBM8-
TBqeCKOrO D;BJlBB)\P8 1.6, CBJl38BBOro 'Iepe3 KOpOMLICJlO 1.7.
B CT8SBHe 1 MOBTBPYIOTCJI CMeSBLIe D;BJlBB)\PLl 18, npBBBMalO
Be )\Ba4)p8rMY
DPB B3BJleqeBBB ee B3 DOKpLlmKB. Kam)\liii 4)opMaTop-BYJlKaBB38Top CB86maeTcJI
KOMDJleKTOM CMeHHLlX D;BJlUB)\POB, 06ecneqBBaIO
BX BYJlKaHB38D;BIO DOKpLimeK
c p83J1B11BLlM
1'I8MeTpOM 060)\8. C DOMO
LIO D;BJlBH)\POB 1.8 )\B84)p8rMLI KpeDJlTCJI
K BBmSBM nOJly4)opMaM, BepXSJIJI qaCTL )\Ba4)parMLI OCTaeTCJI CB060AHoii. 38TJlmK8
D;BJlBSAPOB npB yCTaBoBKe )\Ba4)parM npOB3BO)\BTCJI qepBJlqBLlMB pe)\YKTopaMB 23,
pa3Me
eBBLIMB BSB3Y CTaBBHLI. [(aD4)LI 20 KPBBOWBDBLIX KOJleC 21. BCTaBJleBLI
B nO)\mBnBBKB 22 B 19, 38npeCCOBaHHLle B cTaBBHy.
nO)\aqa TenJlosocBTeJleii B )\Ba4)parMLI DPOB3BO)\BTCJI qepe3 D;1IJlUH)\PLl 18,
<CBJl3aSBLle C KOJlJleKTOpaMB nO)\Be)\eHBLIX KOMMyHBKaD;Bii. npoD;ecc BYJlKaBB3aD;BB
DOKpLiIDeK KOSTpoJlBpyeTcJI KOMaB)\SLlM npB60poM no 3a)\aBBOii nporpaMMe.
Y6Bp81O
aJlcJI AJla4)p8rMa yDpO
aeT MexaBB3M BLIrpY3KB BYJlK8BH30BaBSLIX
nOKpLimeK B3 BepxBeii nOJly4)opMLI. Ho )\JlJI aBTOMaTBSaD;1lB BLlrpY3KB Be06xo-
)\BMO, qT06L1 nOKpLlmK8 OT)\eJlJlJlaCL OT BBmseii nOJly4)opMLI B 38)\epmBB8J18CL
B Bepxseii. C 8TOii D;eJlLIO B nOCJleAHBX KOBCTpyKD;1IJlX BCTpaBB810TCJI CDeD;1laJlLHLle
MexaSB3MLI, 38AepmBBalO
e nOKpLlmKY B BepxBeii nOJly4)opMe npB OTKpLiBaBHB
npecca.
11.3.3.3. OJOPMaTOPbI-BY nKaHMSaTOpbI CSesAMacIJparMeHHble
B DOCJle)\Bee BpeMJI pa3pa60TaBLI CneD;1laJlLBLIe 4)opMaTopLl-BYJlK8BB38TOpLI,
pa60TalO
Be 6es npBMeBeSUJI ABa4)parM. B BBX cLlpLie DOKpLImKB 3aKpeDJlJlIOTCJI
no 60PT8M, BBYTpeBBJlJI DOJlOOTL 3anOJlBJleTCJI 4)OpMyIO
BM n8poM, )\aJlee npoD;eccLI
4>opMoBaSBJI B BYJlK8BB38D;BB npoTeK8lOT, KaK B 06L1qsLlX 4>0pM8Topax-BYJlKaBB3a-
Topax.
3a nOCJle)\BBe rO)\LI B CmA B )\pyrBx CTp8B8X 3anaTeBTOB8BO BeCKOJlLKO
)\eCJlTKOB KOBCTpyKD;Bii MexaSB3MOB ynJloTseHBJI nOKpLImKB
JlJI 6e3)\Ba4>p8rMeH-
Boii BYJlKaHB38
.
Y cTpoicTBO R p800T8 Oe3AJ18c1tparMeBBOrO c1tOpM8TOP8-BYJIKaHRS8TOp8. npH
6e3AJ184>parMeBBoii ByJlK8sB3aD;BB TenJlOBOCBTeJlB nO)\8IOTCJI BenOCpe)\CTBeBBo
B nOKpLImKy, )\JlJI qero Be06xo)\BMO nJlOTHO 3amaTL 60pT8 )\0 4>OpMOB8BBJI, nepe)\
nycKoM TenJlOBOCBTeJleii nOBLImeBBoro )\8BJleBBJI. Ha pBC. 11.14 nOK83aB 4)opMa-
Top-ByJlKaBB3aTOp 40", p860T8IOID,Bii 6e3 )\B84>parM. OB BLlDOJlBeB B8 68se )\B84>P8r-
MeBBoro 4)opMaTop8-BYJlKaBB38Topa, BO BMecTO MexaBB3M8 ynp8BJleBBJI )\B84>par-
Moii BCTpoeSLI MexaBBSMLI )\JlJI nJlOTBOrO SamBM8 60pTOB. ,IJ;JlJI 3amBM8 BepXBero
60pu B TpaBepce 1.7 BCTpoeSLI ceKTopBLIe MexaBB3MLI 2 B
p8BJl1A:eCKBe D;U-
JlHB)\PLl 1.6 )\JlJI npBBe)\eHBJI B )\eiiCTBHe ceKTopOB. 3amBM BB;KBero 60pT8 ocy-
eCTBJIJleTCJI ceKTopllldM MexaHB3MOM 5 B rU)\pOD;BJlBBJ(pOM 6, BCTpoeBHLlMB B CTa-
SUHY.
407
060rpeB DOKpLimeK C B8pymBoii CTOpOBLI npOBaBO)\BTCJI B D8pOBLIX K8Mepax
15, BO MomBO npBMeBJlTL B 060rpeB8TeJlLBLIe nJlBTLI BJIB npecc-4JopMLI C n8poBoii
py68mKoii. BepxBBii ceKTopBLlii MexaBBaM (pBC. 11.15) npIlBO)\BTCJI B )\eiiCTBB9
nopmBJlMB 4 II 6 D;1IJlBB
p8 5. CeKTopLI 8 B 9 paaMe
eBLI B q8me 3, OBB CKJla)\LI-
B8IOTCJI B p8a)\BBr8IOTCJI DO KOMaB)\aM, nO)\aBaeMLIM 8BTOM8TlAeCKBM yCTpoii-
CTBOM. HB;KBBii ceKTopBLlii MexaBBaM (pBC. 11.16) COCTOBT B8 TaKBX me CeKTOpOB
PIIC. 11.14. Bea
aWP8r..eBBHii tOPM8TOP-BYJIKaBBa8TOp 40 W :
1 - pua; I - sePXHBIt OOKTOplW1t MeXaBII8M; 8 - DPClIoXpaRJITeJlbHOe yCTpoitCTBO; 4 - lIIHa4/! aJIeJCTpOallTO-
MaTBKB; IS - 8IDIC1iBA OOKTOpH&1lt MeXaHB8M; , - rBllPOI.\BJIIUIlIP HHIICHero OOKTOPBOro MeXaHB8Ma; ,. - CBCTCM8
rBllPaBJJBKB; 8 - McxaHB8M OTpNBB IJOKpl>llJleK OT 8H11CHBX Dony4/!OpM; 9 - PCllTKTOP IJpBBO
a; 10 - CBCTella
1J01la'IB TenJIoRocBTeJlel; 11 - ponbraBr; 11 - BCTPOeRH&1It aJIeKTJloIlBlI1'aTCm.; 13 - perynupyJODIBA MaDaH:
14 - Mexa8B8M BbJl'PY8KB DOKpNmeK; lIS - DapOBIUI KaMepa; 18 - rDJXPol.\BJIBH,llp Bepmero OOKTOpROrO
MexaHBsMa; 11 - TJlasepea.
B D;H:IHB)\pa C nOpmBJlMH, no BO BpeMJI BLirpyaKH BYJlK8BBaOB8BBLIX nOKpIilmeK
)\BBmeTCJI BMeCTe C D;1IJ1DB)\POM 3 )\JlJI OTpLiBa DOKpLImeK OT BD)I>HIIX DOJly4JoPM.
BepxBHii B HllmBIIU ceKTopBLIe
fex8BHaMLl II?H'IOT no meCTL ceKTopOB, Ba
KOTOpLiX TPB 60JlLWnX ceKTopa B TpiI M8J1L1X. Bo BpeMJI CKJla)\LlBaHBJI CHaqSJla
DPIlBO)\JlTCJI B )\enCTBBe MaJlLle ceKTopLl, 8 S8TeM 60m,ume, 8 npB paa)\BBr8BIIB -
Ha060pOT.
Bea,lJ;Ba4)parMeHHLle 4)opMaTopLl-BYJlKaBBa8TopLi paOOT81OT TaK me, KaK ,n )\Ba-
4)parMeBHLle, HO BLlDOJlHJlIOT BeKOTopLie )\ODOJlHBTeJl-Llllde ODepan;lIl1, CBJlaaBHLIe
C samBMOM 60PTOB CblpLiX nOKpLImeK.
BOJlLmOe aBaqeBHe IIMeeT BaJlIABe CHCTeMLI DO)\aqB n8pa BByTPL nOKpLImKH
H y)\aJleHBJI 06p8aYIO
erocJI DPB aTOM KOB)\eBCaTa. npB DO)\aqe napa He06xo)\BMo
408
PIIC. 11.15. BepXlllli ceKTOpllYit MeJ:8B11811 6eapaipanre&Boro !JjOPMaTO,....,aBaBII3aTopa:
1 - DQKpIilDKa; S - BepXIIRIi nonytoPMa; 8 - 'l8ma; 4, II - IJOplDBB; S - I{IIDIIU; , - TPuepca; 8, 9 -
oeKTOP sallCDa Bepmero IiollTa.
/!
PDC. H.t6. HDJRBUii ceKTOpBHB MeXaBB8M 6e8ABa
paI'Me&BOrO WOPWII
TOpa-BYJlKUBaaTOpa:
1 - 'lama; S - oeKTOPlWii MeXa8B8M; 8 -
p.
ua6er8t'L npJlMLIX y)\8POB ero 0 BByTpeSBlO1O DOJlOCTL DOKpLlmKB, 8 KOS)\eSC
T
CJle)\JeI' senpepLiBBO Y)\8J1J1TL, TaK KaK, CKanJlBBaJlCL, OH MOmeT p8SMLlTL peSB-
BOBLlii CJloii, DODaCTL BByTpL KapKaca DOKpLImKB B BLlaB8TL ero p8CCJlOeBBe.
11.3.4. MHorOn03H14HOHHble synKaHH3aTopbl
B Bameii CTpaBe COS)\8SLI B aKcDJlyaTBpYIOTCJI Ha mBBBLIX aaBO)\8X Msoro-
DoaHD;BOBSLIe BYJlKaBBaaTopLi )\JlJI rpyaoBLIx nOKpLimeK, KOTopLie B KOMD
eKCe
,C TeXBOJlOrBqeCKOii TpaBCnOpTBoii CBCTeMoii nO)\aqB CLlpLiX B oT60P8 BYJlKaBBaO-
BaSBLIX DOKpLimeK npe)\CTaBJlJlIOT c060ii aBTOMaTBaBpOBaSBLle JlBHBB.
BLime 6L1J10 nOKaaaso, qTO Ba BceX cy
eCTBYIO
HX TBDOB ByJlKaHBaaI.\BOB-
BOl'O 060pY)\OBaSBJI
pM8TOPLl-BYJlK8HBaaTopLi BaB60Jlee COBepmeBBLI. OABaKO
B ORB Be J1BmeHLI Be)\OCT8TKOB. C
eCTBeHBLIe BeAOCTaTKB 4)OPM8TOPOB-BYJlKaBU-
aaTopOB - 8TO BepaD;BOB8J1LSOe BCDOJlLaOBaHBe yaJloB B MexaHBaMOB BO BpeMeBB,
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qae, eCJlB OB 6y)\eT cJlyqaiiBo CMe eB K D;eBTpy. nocJle Toro KaK ceKTopLi paa,l\BB-
Hyrl>l B TpaBepca I)opMaTopa-BYJlKaBBa8Topa BMeCTe C KpLImKoii 3 DO)\BJlTa, ocy-
lII;eCTBJlJleTCJI BLirpyaKa DOKpLlWKH Ba Dpecc-l)opMLI.
27 8aKaa 163 417
DpBBO)\ BKJIIOqaeTClI npB nOMO
B I)pHKD;1IOBBOB Myl)'rl>l. nOKpLlIDKa YCT8BaBJlB-
BaeTClI Ba pOJlBKB B cBepxy DpB;KBMaeTCJI CneD;BaJlLBLlM BorByTI>IM pOJlBKOM"
Barpym8eMLIM nBeBMOD;B
pOM. Pa601lDi BpyqBYIO npB nOMO
B Bom8, JlMelO-
m;ero I)OPMY «JlaCTOqKBHOrO XBOCTa», 06pe3aeT 3ayceBD;1>I B Bl>lnpeCCOBKB. CT8BOK
cBa6maeTClI nBeBMOBLlTaJlKBB8TeJleM nOKpLIDIeK nocJle 06pe3alUlJI. CTaBoK BLInyc-
'KaeTCJI )\BYX pa3ltlepoB: OT 5,60-15 )\0 9,00-16 )\J1J1 J1erKOBI>IX nOKpLlIDeK II OT
9,00-16 )\0 12,00-38 )\JlJI rpY30BLlX nOKpLImeK.
CT8BOK ADJI 8BTOM8TuqecKOI'0 06pea8BBJ1. ::hoT CTaBOK YCTpoeB aBaJlOrlABO
<ODBcaBBOMY Bl>lme, BO 06pe3aBBe npOB3BO)\BTCJI DYTeM aBTOMaTlAeCKOrO DpB;KBMa-
BBJI Bomeii KaCaTeJlLBO K nOBepxaocTB nOKpLImKB. HomB ynpyro npBmBMalOTCJI
DBeBMaTJl1leCKIIMB D;BJlBH)\paMB. nocJle BeCKOJlLKBX 060pOTOB nOKpLImKB BomB
OTXO)\JlT, B nOKpl>lmKa BLITaJlKBBaeTCJI.
11.4.8. 06oPYAOBaHHe AnH KOHTponH
KaLleCTBa nOKpblweK
CTaBKB )\JlJI OCMOTpa (paa6paKOBKB) rOTOBLIX nOKpLImeK BLlnycK810TClI )\BYX
BH)J.OB: 1) CTaBOK )\JllI OCMOTpa JlerKOBI>IX nOKpl>lmeK pa3MepOM OT 5,60-16 )\0
9,00-16; 2) CTaBOI{ )\JllI OCMOTpa rpY30BI>IX nOKpl>lmeK pa3ltiepOM OT 9,00-16 )\0
12,00-38.
CT8BOK ADJI OCM0Tp8 DOBepxHocTei Jlel'KOBLIX DOKpwmeK. Ha CTaBBBe MGBTB-
PYIOTClI pOJlBKII, cJlym
He )\JlJI yCTaBOBKB II Bpa
eBHJI nOKpLlIDKB, nOJlOmeBHe
pOJlBKOB 06YC.IloBJlBBaeTcJI pa3MepOM nOKpLImKB B B3MeBJleTCJI npH nOMO
B DBeB-
1II0Il;BJlBB)\pa. CneD;BaJlLBI>IMH pl>lqaraMB paCTJlrBBalOTCJI 60pTa DOKpLImKB B npo-
B3BO)\BTCJI OCMOTp BByTpeBBeii DOBepXBOCTB C nOMO
LIO 3epKaJla. 'YnpaBJleBBe
pLlqaraMB ocym;ecTBJlJleTCJI DBeBMOCHCTeMoii. Pa60qee )\aBJleBBe B03)\yxa 0,7 Mna.
ra6apIITI>I CTaBKa: AJlBBa 1418 MM, mBpBBa 578 MM, BI>ICOTa 1160 MM, MaCC8
367 Kr. 3J1eKTpo.n;BBraTeJlL AO-32-4 MO
BOCTLIO 1 KBT, pe)\yRTOp PQH-10o-19-1.
CT8BOK )\JlJI OCMOTp8 I'PY30BLlX 8BTODOKpLimeK. no npBBD;Bny )\eiiCTBBJI CTaBOK
aBaJlOrBqeH cTaBKy )\JlJI OCMOTpa JlerKOBI>IX nOKpLImeK. 'YDpaBJleBBe pa60Toii Bcex
Y3J10B CTaBKa ocy
ecTBJlJleTCJI npB nOMO
B nYJlLTa ynpaBJleBBJI. Pa60qee )\aBJle-
HBe B CBCTel\le )\OJlmBO 6LITL 0,7 Mna. 3epKaJlo cJlymBT )\JllI OCMOTpa BHyrpemei
nOBepXBOCTB nOKpl>lmKB. ra6apBTI>I CTaBKa: )\JlBBa. 2610 MM, mBpBBa 1100 MM,
BLICOTa 2700 MM, Macca 1188 Kr. 3J1eKTpO)\BBraTeJlL AO-32-4, qaCTOT8 Bp
eBBlI
1410 06/MBB, 1\10
BOCTL 1 KBT; pep;yRTOp PQH-10o-19-1. '
1':4.4. 6anaHcHpoBoLlHbie CTaHKH
B D;eJlJlx CBBmeBBlI BB6paD;BB aBTOM06H.ilJl DpB BLICOKBX CKOpOCTJlX )\BHmeBBJI
He06xo)\BMO DPOBO)\BTL 6aJlaBcBpoBKY nOKpLImeK. BaJlaHCBpOBOqBLlii CTaHOK
Dpe.n;CTaBJlJleT c060ii CTaBHBY C pOJlLraBrOl\f n nBeBMaTBqeCKB )\eiicTBYIO
BM pa3-
JJ.BBi«BLlM naTpOHOM, YCTaHOBJleBBLIM B D;eB1'pe KpyrJloii DJlBTLI. nJlBTa C1'poro DO
D;eBTpy ODBpaeTCJI CBOBM nOAmBDBBKOM Ba CTaJlLHOH mapBK 11 BMeeT B03MOiltHOCTL
CB060)\BO KaqaTLCJI (HaKJlOBlITLCJI B JlI060M l\IeCTe DO oKpymBOCTJI). Ha npOTBBO-
nOJlOmHLIX KOBD;ax aToii DJlBTLI YCTaBOBJleBLI npOTHBOBeCLI, O)\BR B3 KOTOpLiX
HMeeT CTepmeBL, nOMe
eHBLlii B II;BJIBH)\P C MaCJIOl\l. flJIBTa CJia6il\eHa <l>HKcaTopOM,
npB DOMO
H KOToporo OHa 3aKpenJlJleTCJI. no D;CHTpy nJlRTM, BHYTpn naTpOBa,
YCTaBOBJleHa KpyrJlaJl mKaJla C KOBD;eBTpBqeCKHMH )\eJleHHJlMB. IIo)\ IUKaJloii
yCTaBOBJleB iRB)\KOCTBOii YPOBeHL. BCJI YCTaBOIlI{a aaKpenJlena lIa CTaHilHC. no-
KpLIDIRa D01\le
aeTClI Ba naTpOHe, B eCJlB OBa HMeeT )\Bc6aJlaHC, TO nJlBTa OTKJIO-
HlIeTClI OT ropH30BTaJlLBOrO DOJlO>I{eBnJl. BeJlBqBHa OTKJlOHeHHJI OTMeqaeTCJI
Dyal>lpLKoM Ha mKaJle YPOBBII. TaKBe CTaHKB H3rOTaBJlBBalOTCJI )\.IlJl JlerKOBLIX
110KpLimeK C 060)\OM )\BaMeTpOM OT 12)\016" (305-405 1\IM) H rpY30BbIX nOKpLImeK
27. 419
11.6. BCnOMOrATEnbHOE 060PYAOBAHHE
11.5.1. YCTaHoBKa Anfl qHCTKH
OPM
nocJle B3BJleqeBHlI BYJlKaBB30BaBBoii nOKpLlmKB B npecc-.popMe OCTalOTClI
MeJlKBe qaCTBII;I>I pa3J1JI1IBOrO npOBCXOm)\eBBlI: OCTaTKB CMa3KB .poPMI>I, KYCOqKB
BYJlKaBB30BaBBoii pe3BHI>I, OTopBaBmBeClI OT DOKpl>lmKB, DeCOK B )\pyrBe cJlyqaii-
HLie 3arpJl3BeHBJI, DODaBmBe Ba nOBepXBOCTL cl>lpon nOKpl>lmKB npB TpaBcnop-
TBpOBaBBB. npB BYJlKaBB3aD;BB DOKpLimeK npecc-.popMLI BarpeBalOTClI )\0 150-
165°C. qacTBD;1>I pe3BBI>I, nO)\BeprallCL MBoroKpaTBoii BYJlKaBB3aD;JIB, npeBpa-
alOTClI B TBep)\ylO Maccy, B KOTOpoii BMelOTClI BKJllOqeBBlI nl>lJlB B MBBepaJlLBI>IX
BJIB rJlBHOSeMHI>IX CMa30K. Bce aTO nOCTeDeBBO OTKJla)\I>IBaeTClI Ba nOBepXBOCTB
npecc-.popMLI B npeBpa
aeTClI B TBep)\LID: CnJlOmBOD: nOKpOB, C KOTOpl>lM peSBBa
nOKpLlmKB BMeeT xopomee CD;eDJleBBe. TaKBM 06pa30M, p;ame DPJl DOJlBJleBBB TOB-
qaiimero CJlOJl npOD;ecc OTJlOmeBBlI qaCTBD; Ba nOBepXBOCTB .pOpMI>I 6L1CTpO nporpec-
cBpyeT, qTO B KOBeqBOM pesyJlLTaTe DPBBO)\BT K 06pa30BaBBIO TOJlCTOrO CJlOJl
Barapa, yxy)\malOJD;ero TeDJlODepe)\aqy OT .pOpMI>I K nOKpLlmKe B cnoc06cTBYIO
ero
npBBapBBaBBIO DOKpLImKB K .popMe. nOKpl>llDRlI, BYJlKaBB30BaBBl>le B rpJl3BLlX
.popMax, npB06peTalOT MaToBYIO DOBepXBOCTL, TeplllOT TOBapBLIii BBp;.
HaB60JlLmee pacnpOCTpaBeBBe Ba mBBBI>IX 3aBO)\aX nOJlyqlIJlB cJlep;YlOlII;1Ie
cnoc06L1 qBCTKB .pOpM: OrBeBOD: (npB nOMOJD;B ra30Boii IIJlB 6eBsBBoBOii rOpeJlKB);
necKocTpyiiBLlD: (Ba CneD;BaJlLBLIX annapaTax MOJlOTLIM MeJIOM BJIB DopomKOM
anaTBTa); MeXaBBqeCKBD: (npB DOMOIIl;1l MeTaJlJllAeCKBX JD;eToK); )\p06eCTpyBBl>lii
(MeJlKBMB CTeKJlJlBHLIMB mapBKaMB, B3MeJII,qeBBOD: KpOmKOD: cKopJlynLI rpeD;Koro
opeX8 BJIB CKOpJlYDI>I KOCTOqKB a6pBKocOB).
OrBeBOD: cDoc06 SaKJllOqaeTClI B TOM, qTO ra30Boii BJIB 6eB3BHOBoii ropeJlKoii
BLImBralOTCJI rOplOqHe Be
eCTBa Barapa, a 06yrJlBBmBeClI B BeroplOque y)\aJlJlIOTCJI
3aTeM MeTaJlJllAeCKOii JD;eTKOii B cTpyeii cmaToro B03)\yxa. O)\BaKO BarpeB .pOpMI>I
)\0 TeMDepaTYPI>l ropeBBlI Barapa OTpBD;aTeJlLBO CKaSI>IBaeTClI Ba COCTOllBBB DO-
BepXBOCTB TOBKBX DepeMLlqeK pBCYBKa DpOTeKTopa. nocJle OqBCTKB OrBeBI>IM
cnoc060M nOBepXBOCTL .pOpMI>I 61>1CTpO nO;P;BepraeTCJI KOpp03BB, qTO cnOC06CTByeT
OTJlOmeBBIO Ba HeD: CJlOll Barapa.
npBMeBeBBe B necKocTpyiiBLIX aDnapaTax CYXBX a6pa3BBOB (MOJlOTLlD: MeJl,
nopomOK anaTHTa B )\p.) BLI3L1BaeT CBJlbBOe DLlJleBlIe, n03TOMY Tpe6yeTclI oco6eBBO
T
aTeJlLBall repMeTBsaD;BlI annapaTOB. B KaqeCTBe a6pa3BBa B )\p06eCTpyHBLIX
YCTaBOBKax BCDOJlL3YlOT MeJlKYIO qyrYBBYIO )\P06L. nOJly.popMa Bpa
aeTClI CO
CKOpOCTLIO 5 06/MBB. CmaTl>lii B03)\YX no)\ )\aBJleBBeM 0,5-0,6 Mna B3 C60PBHK8
nOAaeTClI DO Tpy6aM K CODJlaM. OTCOC B03;p;yxa npOB3BO)\IITClI BeBTBJlJlTOpOM.
,IJ;JlBTeJlLBOCTL D;BKJla qBCTKII O)\BOn nOJly.popMLI 8-10 MIIB.
,Z:(OCToBHCTBaMB TaKoii yCTaHoBKB lIBJllIlOTClI BI>ICOKall DpOB3BOAlITeJlLBOCTL
B Y)\OBJleTBopBTeJlbBoe KaqeCTBO DOBepXBOCTB DOCJle qBCTKB; Be)\OCTaTKOM - TO,
UO .pOPMY BY;KHO CBIIMaTL C BYJlKaHB3aIl;BOBBoro anDapaTa. 3a py6emoM B mBBBOR
npOMl>lmJleBBOCTB nplIMeBJlIOTClI yCTaBoBKB )\JllI rB)\poa6pa3BBBOD: qBCTKB, B KOTO-
pLIX BcnoJlLsyeTcJI CTPYll BO)\LI DO)\ )\aBJleHBeM 1,5-1,6 Mna co BSBemeBBLJMB
B Ben CTeKJllIBBI>IMB mapBKaMB )\BaMeTpOM 0,4-0,6 MM.
CTeKJlJlBHl>le mapBKB, DpB06peTall KBBeTlAeCKYIO aBeprBIO OT CTpyn BO)\I>I,
)\BBmYTClI C 60JlLmoii CKOpOCTLIO B, yp;apllllcL 0 nOBepXBOCTL .pOPMLI, pa3pymalOT
cJlon Harapa. nocJle qHCTKB .pOpMLI nO;P;BepraIOTClI 06p860TKe CJla6LIMB
eJlOqBI>IMB
paCTBOpaMB, DpOMI>IBKe B cymKe )\JllI Dpep;OTBpaJD;eBBlI KOpp03BB..
11.5.2. Y CTaHOBKa Anfl BHewHeA OKpaCKH
BynKaHH30BaHHblX nOKpblweK
B D;eJlllX npe)\OTBpa
eBHlI CTapeBBlI peSBBI>I B npB)\aBBlI nOKpLImKaM TOBap-
BOl'O BB)\a BX HBOr)\a OKpamBBalOT CneD;BaJlLBI>IMB COCTaBaMB. OKpaCKa DOKpLimeK
npOB3BO)\BTCJI Ba CTaHKe, KOTOpLlii lIMeeT qeTLIpe .pOpCyBKB )\JlJI ODpl>lCKBBaBBIi
421
nOKpLImKB, Bpa alO eiicJI Ba paS)\BmKBLIX KOBBqeCKBX pOJlBKaX. POJlHKB DPB-
BO)\HTCII BO Bp eBBe OT 3J1eKTpO)\BBraTeJlJl. nocJle ODpLlCKBBaBBJI DOKpLlWKB
CTaJlKHBalOTClI co CTaBKa DPB DOMO B DBeBMaTlAeCKOrO II;BJlBBApa. Y)\aJleBBe
napOB BS KaMepLI OC eCTBJlJleTCJI BeBTBJlJlD;BOBBOii CBCTeMOD:. Bce ODepaD;IDI
YCTaBOBKB DOJlBOCTblO aBTOMaTBaBpOBaBI>I, a BpeMlI OKpaCKB aa)\aeTClI DPB DOMO B
peJle BpeMeBB. HBme DpBBe)\eBa TeXB1A:eCKaJl xapaKTepBCTBKa CTaBKOB )\JlJI OK-
paCKB DOKpl>lmeK:
CTaRKH CT3HKB CTaHKB
BHHIIPTMAm YBll-3 (rllB 41BPMN
(.PeSBHO- ( . BPBIIIIC')
DpoeKTt) ) AlII'uli )
PaaMepH OKpamHBaeMLIX nOKpHmeK ,IJ;o 8,20-15 OT 21,00-28 8,2O-15
o 24.00-24
,IJ;aBJIeRUe cmaToro BOa yxa, MIla . . 0,6 0,4 0.66-0.70
¥ CTaHOBJIeRRall MOm.ROCTb 3JIel(TpO-
;!IBnraTeJIII, KBT . . . . . . 5.6 1,7 5.7
¥ eJIbHHe UOKaaaTeJJB
Macca Ba e HBu y DpoBaBo u-
TeJlbHOCTU, Kr/(mT/'1) .... 10 26 10
MOm.BOCTb Ra e,zUIHI'IQY npouaBo- 0,046 0.014
HTeJIbROCTU. KBT / (mT /'1) 0,044
ra6apHTRHe paaMepH, MM 2315 5200 2315
JIBHa .
mHpHBa 1115 2810 1HO
BHCOTa 3810 3725 3810
facca. T 1.2 3.2 1,2
11.5.3. YnaKOBOLlHble craHKH
YDaKOBKa rOTOBLIX mBH )\JlJI JlerKOBLIX B rpYSOBLIX aBTOM06BJleD DpOBaBO-
)l;BTClI Ba 06epTo'lB1>lx CTaBKax. 3TB MamBBbI 06epTLIBalOT mBBY 6YMamBoD JleBTOD:,
nOMe eBBoii B B e PYJlOBa Ba CDeD;BaJlLHO 1 qeJlBOKe, 06eralO eM BOKpyr DpO-
I)BJllI Bpa alO eiicJI DOKpl>lmKB. B DpOD;ecce 06epTKB KpaJl 6YMamBoii JleBTLI
DpOMaaLIBalOTClI KJleeM. qacToTa Bpa eBBJI qeJlHOKa Ba CTaBKe )\JllI 06epTKB Jler-
KOBLIX mHH 500 06/MBH, a Ba CTaBKe )\JlJI 06epTKB rpyaoBl>lx mBB - 220 06/MBB.
qeJlBoK DpBBO)\BTCJI B )\BBmeBBe OT aJleKTpO)\BBraTeJlJl MO BOCTLIO 2,2 KBT C qaCTO-
Toii Bpa eBBlI 1400-1800 06/MHB. YDpaBJleBBe CTaBKa OC eCTBJlJleTCJI DPB
DOMOID;JI BomBOD De)\aJlB B pyqBOrO pLlqara.
11.6. 060PYAOBAHI1E AMI BynKAHH3ALI,HI1 ABTOKAMEP
AJIJI BYJlKaBBaaIl;BB aBTOKaMep DpBMeBJlIOTCJI BB)\BBB)\yaJlLBLIe BYJlKaBBsa-
TOpLI. Y Kam)\OrO BB)\HBB.n;yaJlLBoro BYJlKaBBaaTopa YCTaBaBJlBBaeTClI CTeB)\
C ma6J10BOM, Ba KOTOpOM ocy ecTBJlJleTCJI nOMYBKa C,;KaTLIM BoaAYXOM -I)op-
MOBaBBe sarOTOBKB, T. e. DpB)\aBBe eii I)OPMLI. 6J1BaKoii K 1)0pMe rOTOBoro BS-
)\eJlBJI. CTeB,ZI; cBa6meB aBTOMaTBqeCKBM YCTpoiicTBOM, OTKJllOqalO BM DO,Zl;aqy
B DOJlOCTL KaMepl>l cmaToro BOa)\yxa DPB )\OCTBmeBBB elO aa)\aHHLIX ra6apBToB.
B D;eJIlIX Dpe)\OTBpa eHBJI paCXOm)\eBBJI CTLIKa aarOTOBKB DPH DOMYBKe ero ox-
J1am)\aIOT ,D;O + (2 -:- 5) °C. B aaBBCBMOCTH OT paaMepa nYJlKaHHsyeMoii KaMepl>l
YCTaBaBJlBBaeTCJI cooTBeTcTBYIO Bii ma6J10H, IWBI)BrypaD;1lJl KOToporo oTpa60-
TaBa )\.;IJI )\aBBOrO paSMepa KaMepLi. ,Z:(JlJI coxpaHeBBJI ra6apBToB aarOTOBKH DOCJle
DO)\)\YBKII OTBepCTBe BeBTBJlJI aaKpLiBaeTCJI JlerKODJlaBIWii M3Ccoii.
HBiRe DpBBe)\eHa TeXBlfqecKaJl xapaKTepBCTHKa CTeB)\OB )\JllI DOMYBKH aaro-
TOBOK ea,1J;OBLIX KaMep:
PaaMep ea OBH:X: KaMep
IlpouaBo HTeJIbROCTb, mT/g
HPO-7551
OT 200-508
o 10,00-20
24
HPO-7552
OT 11.00-20
o 16.00-20
24
422
,IJ;aBJleBlle BOaAYXa B MarUCTpaJIB, MIla
PacxoA BoaAyxa Ba 0ABY KaMepy, M3 .
r a6apHTHHe paaMepH, MM
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0.3
0,3
( 10,00-20)
640
448
1680
42
0.3
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1200
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82
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BYJlKaBHaaTop )\JlJI aBToKaMep (puc. 11.23) Dpe)\CTaBJIHeT co60ii KpUBOWBDBO-
maTYHBLIii npecc C ropU30HTaJlLHO UJIB HaKJlOHBO paCDOJIOmeUHI>JM CTOJIOP-I-CTaHB-
PBC. 11.23. BYJlKaaBaaTop e8AOBHX KaMep:
1 - CTaHBDa; 2 - maTy& Iiom.mol; 8 - nnaRWal45a; 4 - IIJ)eIIOXPaHBTemtBIUI CH045a; 6 - DopecKa; '--TPa-
Bepca; 1 - 9neKTpO
BUraTCn& C pe,p;YKTOPOM; 8 - KpBBomBD; , - maTyB 1I&mdt. -
42.3
BOD 1 B 3J1eKTpBqeCKBM npBBO)\OM. CTaBBBa upecca CBapBaJl. Ha BeD CMOBTopoBaBLI
3J1eKTpo,J(BBraTeJlL C pe)\yKTopoM 7, ,J(Be Kopo6KB, )\Ba BaJla C )\BYMJI DapaMB mec-
TepeB (3KcII;eBTpBKOBI>IMB KYJlaqKaMB).
nOJlaYB C pOJlBKOM, CMOBTBpOBaHBI>ID. B Kop06Ke COBMeCTBO C nO)\BeCKOii 5
H DJlaBmaii60ii 3, B MOMeBT OTKpLIBaBBJI npecca npOB3BO)\BT DapaJlJleJlLBLIii paa'LeM
npecc-<fIopMLI.
BBapeBBaJI B CTaBBBY CneIl;liIaJlLBaJl CBJlOBaJl Kopo6Ka (y ByJlKaBBaaTopOB
OOJlbmllX TBnopaaMepoB) BMeeT ,J(Be II;aD<fILI, Ba KOTOpl>lX KpeDJlTCJI )\Ba 60JlLmBX
IDaTYHa 2. BepxBBe qaCTO 60JlLmBX maTYBOB coe,J(lIHeBI>I DO,J(BBmBO qepea MaJll>le
waTYBLI 9 C KpBBomBnaMB 8 B TpaBepcoii 6. TpaBepca qepea nO)\BecKy mapBHpBO
CBJlaaBa C nJlaHmaiiooii, K KOTOpoii KpeDBTCJI BepXBJlJI nOJly<flopMa. KpenJleBBe
BepxBeH nOJly<flopMI>I DOaBOJlJleT perYJlBpOBaTL npe)\BapBTeJlLBLIii BaTJlr Ba CTLIKe
nOJly<flopM. B npeccax 45" B 55" )\JlJI aTBX II;eJleH cJlymBT II;eBTpaJlLBLIii TeJleCKO-
DBqeCKBii BBBT C pyqBLIM npBBO,J(OM. HBmBJIJI nOJly<flopMa mecTKo KpenBTCJI K CTa-
HBBe. nO,J(BO,J( Dapa B OTBO,J( KOB,J(eBcaTa OT DOJly<flOPM npOllaBO,J(JlTCJI qepea Tpy6o-
Ta6Aulfa 11.2. TeXBHQOOKali X8paKTePUCTUK8 _ BB y8JIbRhlX BYJIK8RuaaTopoB
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HB eKc . . . 421061 532053 532054 532-29 532053
PaaMep BYJlKaaBayeMHx OT 2.25-19 OT 170-380
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MaKCUMaJibBOe pacnopBoe 1.8
. yClfJUle BYJIKaBBaa HH, MH 0,3 0.5 0,85 2.25
BHcoTa YCTaBaBJIuBaeMlilx
npecc-4>opM, MM 355 460 635 760
MaKCUMaJlbBall . . . . -
MHWIMaJlbBall . . . . 228 300 450 440
,IJ;aB.1Jeuue, MIla O,6
na pa B npecc-4>opMe . . - 1 1 1
napa B KaMepe . . . . - 1 1 1.2 t
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paBJleBBlI . . . . . . . - 0,2 0.2 0,2 0,2
Bpe)llI OTKpHBaBUlI (aaKpH-
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qucJlo npecc-4>opM. . . . . 1 1 1 1 1
3JIeKTpO BUraTeJlb npBBo a
Tun . . . . . . . (AOC3-51-6 AOC-2-51-6 AOC3-52-4C AOC3-52-4 A OC3-52-4C
MomBOCTb, KBT . . 2.8 7 14 7 14
'1aCTOTa Bpam,eBUlI,
06/MHB . . . 1440 970 1220 1440 1220
3JIeKTpO BUraTeJIb npuBo
UJiamnaii6H . . .
TUn . . . . . - - - AOC-52-4 AOIlC-2-21-4
MOm,HOCTb, KBT . . - - - 1.0 1,3
\jaCTOTa Bpam,eHBlI,
06/MHB . . . . . . . - - - 1260 1300
l'a6apuTHble paaMepH, MM
;J;J1HUa . . . . 2000 2090 2400 2960 4190
I1IUpUBa . . 1850 1312 1650 6155 2480
BHCOTa . . . . . 2055 2020 2360 2615 2985
Macca, T . . . . . . 2.110 2.425 5.280 to.587 12,9tO
424
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rpyaKa rOTOBoro Ba)\eJlBJI OCYJD;eCTBJllIIOTCJI BpyqBYIO.
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qaTeJleM B 6J10KBpOBKOii B CBCTeMe aBTOMaTHKB.
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BarOTOBBTeJlB - «TaM60BnOJlBMepMam» B (BOJlLmeBBK») DpBBe)\eBLI B Ta6J1. 11.2.
11.6.1. JlHHHH Anfl BY n KaHHaa
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BOCTL DpOBe)\eHBlI nepeSapll)\KB O)\Boii Ba npecc-.popM 6ea
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DOKasaBa Ba pBC. 11.24. TaKaJl KOBCTpyRD;BJI npaKTlAeCKB
Be OrpaBBqHBaeT KOJl1A:eCTBO aJleMeBTOB B 6J10Ke B nOaBOJlJleT oc
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Ba KOTOpOM Ba06pameHa JlBBHlI BYJlKaBBaaD;IIB aBTOK8Mep. TaKoe KOBCTpyRTHBBoe
pemeBHe MHoronOaBD;1IOBBOrO BYJlKaBHsaTopa B ero KOMnaKTBOCTL nOaBOJlBJlH
PBC. 11.24. Byum-
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B B paCKpLITBJI Dpecc-4>opJ\lLI K Bei
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1 - CTOIRa; s - ma45nOB; 8 -
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B )\ByMJI (BepXBBM B BBmBUM) aaXBaTaMB BSBJleKaeT BYJlKaBBSOBaHRYIO KaMepy
BS DOJly4JoPMLI. nocJle DOBOpOTa (T. e. BLIxoAa BS DpOCTpaHCTBa Mem)\y nOJly4>op-
MaMB) MeXaBBSM TpaBCDopTBpyeT KaMepy B)\OJlL BYJlKaHBSa
OBRLIX 3
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K OT60pOqBOMY pOJlLraBry.
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D;1IeB B DBTaBBJI c4>opMoBaBBLIMB SarOTOBKaMB MBOrODOSBD;BOBBOrO BYJlKaHBsa-
TOpa B JIBHBIO BKJlIO'tJaeTCJI DOJlyaBToMaTlAeCKBii DBTaTeJlL (pBC. 11.26.), KOTOpLIB
COCTOBT BS YSJla ma6J10BOB, MexaHBSMa DOBopOTa ma6JIOBOB B YSJIa CTaJIRlIBaBBJI
c4>opMoBaBBoB sarOTOBKB Ba ma6JIoB sarpysOqBOrO MexaHBSMa.
Ha mITaTeJle YCTaBOBJleBLI TPB ceKTopBLIX ma6JIOBa, paCDOJlOmeBBLIX DO)\
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CJle)\YIO
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cmaToro BOS)\yxa qepes SOJlOTBHK, B KOTOpOM pasMe
eBO TaK)I(e B YCTpoiicTBO
)\JlJI DOAaqB JIerKODJlaBIWB JlfaCCLI B BeBTBJlL KaMepLI; 2) 4>opMoBaHBe sarOTOBKB;
3) Depe)\aqa C4>opMoBaBBoii sarOTOBKB Ba MexaBBSM sarpYSKB.
npB nOBopOTe ma6J10Ba B DOSBD;BIO 2 OC
eCTBJlJleTCJI 4>opMoBaHBe sarOTOBKB.
nO)\aqeB BOS)\yxa DPB 4>OpMOBRBBB YDpaBJlJleT orpalfB1UITeJlL ra6apBTa sarOTOBKB,
427
YCTaHOBJleHHLIii Ha ma6J10He DBTaTeJlJl. npB DOBOpOTe B DOSBII;BIO 3 BeHTHJlL DO)\-
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nepeMe eHHe ma6J10HOB DPOHSBO)\HTCJI MexaHHSMOM DOBopOTa, COCTOJl HM
Ha DHeBMOIl;BJlBH)\pa, peiiKH H meCTepHH.
MexaHBsM CTaJlKBBaHBJI Dpe)\CTaBJlJleT c060ii )\Ba CTaIl;HOHapHO YCTaHOBJleH-
HLIX II;BJlHH)\pa, Ha mTOKax KOTOpLIX YKpeDJleHLI Dpo<f>BJlLBLIe JlODaTKH. npH
cpa6aTLIBaBBH II;HJlBH)\POB sarOTOBKa JlODaTKaMH CTaJlKBBaeTCJI C lUa6J10Ba DBTa-
TeJlJl Ha ma6J10H aarpyaqHKa BYJlKaHBSaTopa.
ROMDJleKC BS DBTaTeJlJl, MHorOD03BII;HOBHoro BYJlKaBHSaTopa H oT60pOqHOrO
pOJlLraHra COCTaBJlJleT JlHBBIO BYJlKaHBSaIl;HH aBTOKaMep. JIBBHJI BYJlKaBBSaIl;IDI
pa60TaeT CJle)\YIO HM 06pasoM. Ha ma6J10B DBTaTeJlJl BaBelUBBaeTCJI COCTLIKOBaBBaJl
aarOTOBKa KaMepLI; saTeM DpOHaBO)\BTCJI aBTOMaTBqeCKOe <f>opMoBaBHe sarOTOBKB,
aaKpLITBe BeBTHJlJI JlerKODJlaBKOii Maccoii B, BaKOBeIl;, Depe)\aqa sarOTOBKH Ba Mexa-
BBaM aarpySKH MBorODOSBII;BOHBoro BYJlKaBBSaTopa. MexaBHsM sarpYSKB )\ OCTaB-
JIJleT aarOTOBKY K DepBoii Dpecc-<f>opMe B ocy eCTBJlJleT sarpYSKY. npecc-<f>opMa
aaKpLIBaeTCJI, B BaqBHaeTCJI DpOIl;ecc BYJlKaHHSaIl;BB KaMepLI. 3aTeM paCKpLIBaeTCJI
BTOpaJl Dpecc-<f>opMa B B Bee sarpymaeTCJI CJle)\YIO aJl sarOTOBKa. ,IJ;aJlee sarpy-
malOTCJI DOCJle)\OBaTeJlLBO OCTaJlLBLIe Dpecc-<f>opMbI. R MOMeBTY sarpyaKB DOC-
JleAReR <f>OPMbI SaKaBqBBaeTCJI BYJlKaBBsaIl;BJI KaMepLI B DepBoii <f>opMe. MexaBBsM
BLIrpyaKH BaBJleKaeT ByJlKaBBSOBaBBYIO KaMepy B )\OCTaBJlJleT ee K OT60pOqBOMY
pOJlLraBry, DO KOTOPOMY OBa Depe)\aeTCJI Ba TeXHOJlOrlAeCKYIO TpaHCDopTHYIO
CBCTeMY )\JlJI )\aJlLBeRIUBX TeXBOJlOrJI1leCKBX ODepaIl;BH. B DepBYIO <f>OPMY sarpyma-
eTCJI Oqepe)\BaJl sarOTOBKa, B DpoIl;ecc DepeSapJl)\KB DOBTOpJleTCJI B Toii me DOC-
J1e)\OBaTeJlLBOCTB. TaKBM 06pasOM, Bce oDepaD;1lB, sa BCKJllOqeHHeM BaBeCKB Ba
ma6J10H sarOTOBKB, MexaBBsHpOBaBLI H BLIDOJlBJlIOTCJI B aBTOMaTlAeCKOM pemHMe.
n POBSBO)\BTeJlLBOCTL J1BHBB ODpe)\eJlJleTCJI DpO)\OJlmBTeJlLBOCTLIO Depesa-
pJl)\KB. TaK, )\JlJI J1BHIDI BYJlKaBBSaIl;BB JlerKOBLIX aBTOKaMep (JIBA-1) DpO)\OJlmH-
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TJI1IeCKaJl DpOHaBO)\BTeJlLBOCTL JlUBBB COCTaBJlJleT 83 KaMepLI!q.
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npecc-4.)opMH . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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B r pOCIiICTeMe . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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428
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Macea (c npecc-lJjopMaMH), T ........ 15 41.7
JIBBBB BYJlKaBBSaIl;BB aBToKaMep BMelOT cy eCTBeBHbIe DpeBM ecTBa Depe
UH)\BBB)\yaJlLBLIMB BYJlKaBBsaTopaMB: MexaBHsBpoBaHbI TpY)\OeMKBe pyqBLIe ODe-
paIl;BB B YJlyqmeBbI YCJlOBBJI Tpy)\a; B BeCKOJlLKO pas COKpa aIOTCJI DpOBSBO -
CTBeBBLIe DJlO a)\B; B 1,5 paaa DOBLImaeTCJI DPOBSBO)\BTeJlLBOCTL Tpy)\a; sa C'tJeT
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BeBTBJleii, CTLIKOBKa saroToBKB, BYJlKaBBSaD;BJI cLIpoii KaMepLI, YKoMDJleKTOB8BBe
BeBTBJleB. 3a DOCJleABBe rO)\LI TeXBOJlOrBJI B 060pY)\OBaBBe DPOBSBO)\CTBa aBTO-
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BJlII JlBBBB BXO)\BT 'IIepBJlqaaJl MamllBa ropJlqero BJIB XOJlOABoro DBTaHIIJI (CM.
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raHl'OBaR ropKa; 9 - pesaTeJlbROe 'YCTpOitCTBO; 10 - YCTpOitCTBO 1IJ111 onYIIPBBaHBR; 11 - IlpOMa80'lHOe
YCTpOitCTBO; 12 - npBcnoco45JJeHlle 1IJ111 npORJleBBaHIIR BeBTDJlII; 13 - np045BBBoe IlpBCDoco45ae81le; 14-
C'YJIIHJlKa.
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paSMepOM 200-4, 250-3 II 400-3 COOTBeTCTBenBO )\JlJI PYKaBOB )\BaMeTpOM )\0
280, )\0340 MM B 60Jlee 340 MM. npB DPOBSBO)\CTBe KaMep MOTomBB B JIerl\OBLIX
mBH BCDOJlLaYIOT 'IIepBJlqBLIe MamBHLI paaMepoM 125-5 B 160-4 )\J1J1 PYKaBOB
)\BaMeTpOM COOTBeTCTBeBBO )\0 150 II )\0 200 MM. 3TB MamBBLI cBa6}l\eBLI rOJlOBKOB
C YCTpoiicTBOM AJlJI DO)\aqB BBYTPL PYKaBa TaJlLRa BJIB 9MYJILCBB B 060pY)\OBaBLI
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B CCCP DpBMeBJlIOTCJI MexaBBallpOBaBBLIe arperaTLI B KaMepBLIe JlIIBBD
592-17 B 592-117.
1\ aM e p B a JI JI B B B JI 592-17 (pIIC. 12.1), BLIDYCKaeMaJl BMeCTO yCTa-
BOBKB HP-Y -39, Dpe)\BaSBaqeBa )\JlJI IISrOTOBJleBIIJI sarOTOBOK ea)\OBLIX KaMep
mBpBBoB 130-600 MM II )\JlBBOB 1360-4500 MM. OBa BKJllOqaeT qepBJIqaylO
MamBBY 1, OT60pOqBLIB TpaBCDopTep 2, BeCOBOB TpaBcDopTep 3 C BecaMB BeDpe-
pLlBBoro BSBemBB8BBJI PYKaBOB (Macca 1 M - )\0 8 Kr), OXJl8,IJ,HTeJlLBYIO BaBBY 4
(qaCTllqBO C <}>OpCyBOqaLIM opomeBBeM) )\JlBBOii 43 M, 06)\YBO'<IBlJii pOJILranr 6,
YCTPOBCTBO 11 )\JlJI DpoMasKB PyKaBa KJleeM BJln 6eBaBBoM, D;eHTpBpYIO €e DPII-
cDoc06J1eBBe, cymBJlKY J1J1 CymKB B BB<}>paKpacBbIx JI)"Iax 14, Dp06BBBoe DPIl-
cDoc06J1eBBe 13 C BaKYYM-DpBCOCOM B rOpJl'<IBM BomOM KPyrJlOro CeqeBBJI )\JlJI
Dp06BBaBBJI OTBepCTBJI DO)\ BeBTBJlL (BLIcoTa YCTaBoBKH Boma Ba)\ PYKaBOM pery-
430
JIBPyeTCJI B aaBBCBMOCTB OT TOJl BBLI CTeBKB KaMepBoro PYKaBa), DpBCDOC06J1eBBe
J1J1 YCTaBOBKB BeBTBJlJI Ba KaMepy.
Y CTpoiiCTBO )\JlJI OTpeSaBBJI PYKaBa DO JlBHe Dpep;CTaBJIJleT C060B BpaIIl;a-
IO RBCJI DJlOCI\Bii Bom C 060rpeBaeMLIM Jle3BBeM. I\poMe Toro, arperaT BKJlIOQ8eT
YCTPOBCTBO )\JlJI YKJla)\LIBaBBJI pyRaBa, DepeXO LIii pOJlLraBr, BeCOBOB pOJlLraar,
CTaJlKBBalO ee YCTpoiiCTBO (Ba pBC. 12.1 Be nOKasaBbI).
PBC. 12.2. CxeMa &BTOMaTlI'IeCKOrO
CIIIIxpOIlRaaTOpa:
1 - npBBOIlBOA Ban; s - Kyna'lKB; 8-
DYTeBNe KOlITaKTbJ; 4 - npOIioAHBK; S-
HOIIC; 6 - Myl/)Ta; 'I - salltemta; 8 - ynop;
9 - Mal'lDlT; 10 - SBe8110'ula; 11 - 45a'loK;
lZ - npOMasO'lRYA plAar; 18 - KaMepRYA
PYKaB.
10
Mex8BBsMbI JlJI npOM8aKH PYK8Ba, Dp06J1S8BBJI OTBepCTWI nO)\ BeBTBJlL
B peSKB PYRaB8 no JlBBe p860TalOT nepBOp;RqeCKB, BKJllOqaJlCL B pa60-ry KYJla'tJKO-
BLIM CBBxpORBsaTopOM (pBC. 12.2). nOCJle BBB npep;CTaBJlJleT c060ii npBBo BOB
6apa6aB 1 C Ba60poM KYJl8'IKOB 2, BOS ei:CTBYIO BX Ba DYTeBLIe BLIKJllOqaTeJlB a.
CHHxpoBHaaTop COBepmaeT nOJlBLIB 060POT sa BpeMJI DepeMe eBBJI PyR8B8 Ba
Tpe6yeMYIO P;JlBBY. BKJllOqeBBe MexaBBSMOB B pa60TY npOBaBOABTCJI M8I'BBTOM 9
Docpe CTBOM MYc)TLI 6, KOTOpaJl COep;BHJleTCJI C cooTBeTcTBYIO RM MexaBBSMOM
DPB oCB060mp;eBBR salI(eJlKB 7 ynOpOM 8.
,f G<i
-1/
: w _
8 -
r -$--
d
PRC. 12.3. CxeMa aBTOM&TJI1Ie-
CKoro CIUIa,o;HBa1O ero YCTpoi-
CTBa:
a - 04511tllA BIIlI YCTPoICTBa; 6-
cxeMa CKJlallhIBaHWI PiRaBa; 1-
DHeBMonOllxBBTN; S, 8 - DRe8MO -
JlIIHIIPbI; 4 - TPaBCDOJ)'l'ep; S -
npBBOIlRoA pOJlloraar; 6 - K8IIepRYA
PYKaB; A. B. B, r - nonollCeJIBJI
PYKaBa B DpO eece CKn8.JIhIBaHBH.
a
npOMaSKa PYKaBa KJleeM Ha yqaCTKe Dp06RBaHHII OTBepCTBJI )\JlJI BeBTBJlJI
npOBSBOP;BTCJI pLfqarOM 12 C $eTpOBoii DO)\YWKOii, CMaaLIBaeMoii KJleeM BS 6aqKa 11.
nOBopaquBaJlCL OT BMDYJlLCa, aa)\aBBOrO CBBxpOBBsaTopOM, pLfqar CMaSLIBaeT
KJleeM yqacToK )\BBmy erOCJI PYKaBa. n p060iiHBK 4 KpyrJloro CeqeBHII C Dpe)\OXp8-
BBTeJlLBOii DJlO a)\KOii TaKme BKJllOqaeTCJI CBBxpOBBaaTopOM, DOBopaquBaeTCII
Ba OCR R npOpeaaeT CTeHKY PYKaBa. nOCJleABJIJI DpBCaCbIBaeTCJI K rOpJlqeMY (150-
200°C) Bomy Dp060iiBBKa, a BLIpea8BBLIii KpymoK BLI)\YBaeTCJI BOS YXOM (K Bomy
DO)\Be)\eB cmaTLIB BOSAYX). ABT-OM8TDqeCKaJl peaKa aBTOKaMepBoro PYI\aB8 Ba
KYCKB DpOBaBO HTCJI DJlOCKRM BomOM 5 C BarpeTLIM )\0 180 °C JleSBBeM. Hom OT
CBrBaJla CBBxpoBBaaTopa )\eJlaeT O)\BB 060POT B paspesaeT pYKaB.
431
ABTOMaTBqeCKOe CKJl8ALIBalO
ee YCTPOBCTBO (pBC. 12.3) pa60TaeT CJle)\YIOID,BM
06pasoM. OTpes8BBLIii PYKaB DPOXO)\HT BaA DBeBMODO)\XBaTaMB 1. RaK TOJILKO
TpeTL PYKaBa SaXO)\BT aa OCL DOAXBaTa, DBeBMOD;BJlBB)\P 2 nO)\BBMaeT DO
XBaTLI,
KOTopLIe DOABBMalOT PYKaB, a DO)\ DOAB1ITYIO qaCTL JleBm TpaBcDopTep Do
aeT
OCTaBmYIOCJI qaCTL PYKaBa. I\or
a KOBeD; PyKaBa )\OCTBraeT OCB DO)\XBaT8, lIB&-
BMODO)\XBaTLI paSBO
JlTCJI ropBSOBTaJlLBLIMB DBeBMOD;BJlBB)\paMB 3 H PyK8B OKa-
SLIBaeTCJI CJlOmeBBLIM B)\Boe. ¥DpaBJleBBe YCTPOBCTBOM
JlJI CKJl8
LIBaBBJI pyRaB8
OC
eCTBJlJleTCJI OT CBBxpOBBaaTopa qepes 9J1eKTpODBeBMaTBqeCKBe KJlaD8BLI.
RaM e p B a JI JI B B B JI 592-117 Dpe)\BaSBaqeBa )\J1J1 BSfOTOBJleBBJI eSAO-
BL1X KaMep KPYDBora6apBTBLIx mBB. OBa OTJlBqaeTCJI OT JlHHBB 592-17 B OCBOBBOM
TeM, qTO B ee COCTaB BXO)\HT 60Jlee MO
BaJi qepBJlqBaJl MamBBa C qepBJlKoM:)\BaMeT-
pOM 400 MM. TeXBBqeCKBe xapaKTepBCTBKB 06eBX JlBBBii DPBBO)\JlTCJI BBme:
RaJllepHaR JDlRHR
592-17 592-117
PaSMepH sarOTOBOK KaMep, MM
AJIUBa . . . . . . . . . . . 1360-4500 2000-5000
mupBBa . . . . . . . . . . 130-600 450-900
CI<OpOCTb ABumeSU1I TpaHcnopTepsoi JleRTH
(npoUsBOADTeJIbBOCTb), M/MUH
MaKCBMaJIbRaJl . . . . . . . . .
MBRHMaJIbBaR . . . . . . . . .
mnpHBa TpaBcnopTet?Roii JIeRTH, MM
,IJ;JIHBa OXJIamAato
eD BaBBS, MM .
OQ'beM BOAS B BaBBe, M3 .....
TeMnepaTypa OXJIa
aro
ei BOAf>[,!?C '"
llpOAOJIJRHTeJIbBOCTb
UKJIa OXJla»QJ;eUDR, MIIB
,IJ;aBJIeBlile cmaToro BoaAyxa, Mlla
Pacxo
, M3/'1
OXJIamAato
eii BO
H . . . . . . . . .
cmaToro BosAyxa ..........
06
aR MO
BOCTb 9JIeRTpO)\BUraTeJJeii, KBT
nOCTOIiBBoro TORa . . . . . . .
nepeMeBBoro TORa . . . . . . .
MO
BOCTb 9JIeKTpOBarpeBaTeJIei, RBT
Boma .............
JlaMn
JIR cymKB Mell . . . . .
ra6apUTBHe paSMepH, MM
AJII1Ba (6es BaCOCBoi YCTa&OBICII)
mupHBa
IILICOTa ...... . . . . . .
Macca,'I .....
CTaBOK HP0-4830 AU OOpeS8BBJI a8rOTOBOK 8BTosaMep no
mme nepe
CTWCOB-
KOB. 3TOT CTaBOK Dpe)\CTaBJl1IeT c060ii rBJlLOTBBBL1ii Rom c nBeBMODpBBO)\OM.
OB YCTaBOBJleB Ba MeTaJlJllAeCKOM CTOJle B BMeeT orpa)R
eJlJile. ODBC8BBe B TeXBB-
qeCKaJl xapaKTepBCTBK8 ero AaBbI B rJl. 8.
CTLIKOBOqRble CTaBRB. B BaCTon
ee BpeMJI DOBceMeCTBO npBMeBJlIOTCJI CTaBKH
)\JlJI CTLIKOBKB KaMep BcmK. n pBBD;1III pa60TLI 9TBX CTaBKOB SaKJllOqaeTCJI B CJI&-
)\YIO
eM. 06peaaBBLIe rOpnqBMB BomaMH (250°C) KOBD;LI pyRaBa C6J1BmaIOTCJI
BDJlOTBYIO B BLI)\epmBBaIOTCJI DOA
aBJleBBeM B TeqeBBe 12-15 C (KaMepLI MaJlbIX
paaMepoB) BJIB 30 C H 60Jlee (KaMepLI 60JlLmBX pasMepoB). CxeMa CTLIKOBouoro
CTaBKa DOKasaBa Ba pBC. 12.4. HBmuJIJI CTaBBBa CJlymBT OCBOBaBBeM CTaBKa.
Ha BepxBeii CTaBBBe CMOBTBpOBaBLI CaJlaSKB, TBCKB B BaKOBaJlLBJI. llpB DOMO
B
CaJl8S0K C6J1BmaIOT KOBD;LI PYKaBa. OBB nepeMe
alOTCJI DO CTOJlY CTaBBBLI DPB
DOMO
B peBKB B meCTepeB, ynpaBJlJleMLIX DBeBMOD;BJllUI)\POM. llPB nOABBMaBBB
mTOKa peiiKa DO
BBMaeTCJI, mecTepBH BpalD,aIOTCJI, B CaJlaSKB paCXO)\JlTCJI. llpB
oDycKaBBB mToKa, Ba060pOT, CaJlaaKB C6J1BmaIOTcJI. Ha CaJlaSKaX SaKpeDJleRLI
BBmBBe MaTpBD;LI, Ba KOTopLIe Depe
CTLiKOBKOB YKJlaAbIBaIQTCJI KOBD;LI PYRaBa.
TBCKH samBMalOT KOBD;LI PYKaBa DPB nOMo
B peSBBOBoii DO)\yIDKB, BaDOJlBeBBOB
cmaTLIM Boa
yxoM, Ba KOTOpOB YKpeDJleBLI OT)\eJlLBLIe DJlaCTBBLI.
432
30 to
4 2
700 1100
43000 64000
to,5 18
14 14
6.5-32.5
0,4-0,6
7 7
5 300
10 14,45
2,8 5,1
2,4 2,4
3 3
. . 55860 67'000
3392 3'400
2140 2"400
t2.086 25
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1 - IUJ./DtHAPN canaaolC B nepBoro II BTOporo OTBoJl;a canaaoll; S - npBBOIl cronoB caJlaaOIl; 8 - ca.naallll; 4 -
BIIIICHRR MaTPHQa; S - TBCKD; 6 - ItIIJIJJHJIPN THCKOB; 1 - BaIlOB8JIJoHR; 8 - HOIICB. 9 - ItJIMIBJI:p.. npBBOlIa
B TOpMOlICeBJIR pCIIC}'1I(ero 45J1olla; 10 - IUUJllBJlP BaKOBa.nJolIBt 11 - peCBBep..; lS - 6aK; 18 - ne,u.8JIJo asapldl-
Horo BKmo'leRBR npCAOXpaHBTeJlJoHoro KnaDaHat 14 - eneKTPOllBlIJ'aTe.JlJ>;.16 - JJpBliop ynpaBneRBII.
n pB DepeMe
eBHB mTOKa DBeBMOD;BJlBH)\pa TBCKB DOCpe)\CTBOM CBCTeMbI TJlr
ODYCKalOTCJI Ba KOBII;LI PYKaBa. PeSBHOBaJl DOAyIDKa BaDOJlBJleTCJI BOS)\YXOM,
H DJlaCTJilBLI DJlOTBO DpBmBMalOT KOBII;LI PYKaBa. HomH C 9J1eKTpOBarpeBOM (TeM-
uepaTypa )\0 250°C) 06pesalOT KOBII;LI PYKaBa. HomB Dpe)\CTaBJlJlIOT c060ii UJlaBKB
C JleaBBJlMB, SaTOqeBBLlMB C o
oii CTOpOBLI DO
yrJlOM 20°. HomB DpBKpenJleBbI
1\ DOJlSYHY, CBJlaaBBOMY co mTOKOM BOa)\ymBoro
BJlBHApa. HaKOBaJlLBJI CJlymBT
OCBOBaBBeM DPB 06pesaBBB KOBD;OB PYKaBa. ORa MomeT DepeMe
aTLCJI BBepx
II BBHa DpB DOMO
II Bos
ymBoro D;HJlBBApa. IIYCK CTaBKa ocy
ecTBJlJleTCJI OT
BYX
pblqarOB, KOTopbIe pa60qBB BamllMaeT O)\BOBpeMeBBO 06eBMH PYK8MB. IIocJleAo-
BaTeJlLBOCTL onepaD;BB ocy
eCTBJlJleTCJI OT KYJlaqKOBOrO BaJlBKa: CT8BOK BMeeT
aBapBiiBoe BLIRJllOqeBBe DPH DOMO
B BomBOB De
aJlB.
Pemy
Hii 6J10K B DJlaBKa BaKOBaJlLBB MorYT DO
BHMaTLCJI B ODYCK8TLCJI
IIH
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aeT
caMODpOHSBOJlLBOe ODYCKaBHe pem
ero 6J10Ka npB Da)\eBBB )\aBJleBBJI Bos
yxa
B CHCTeMe. n pBBO
CT8BKOB OC
eCTBJlJleTCJI OT 9J1eKTpO
BBraTeJlJl DepeMeBBoro
TOKa.
)J;J1J1 MeXaBBqeCKOii CTLlKOBKH sarOTOBOK eSAOBbIX KaMep B CCCP HSrOTaBJlB-
BalOTCJI CTLIKOBoq&LIe CTaBKB CCK-3, CCK-4, CCK-5, CCK-6 B CCK-900. TexBH-
qeCKaJl xapaKTepBCTBKa 9TBX CTaBKOB npBBe
eBa nme:
Hau60JIbmaR mHpHBa CJIo-
menOR RaMepH, MM
llpOAOJImHreJIbBOCTb
UKJIa
CTbtROBKU, C ......
XO,D. CTbtKYIO
HX canaaOK,
),1M . . . .
Y CBJIue, KH
peaaBHR
CTHKOBRH
,IJ;aBJIeBUe, Mlla
B03Ayxa . .
B r
paBJlB'IecRoii
creMe .....
TeMnepaTYPa Bomeii, ec .. 250
CYMMapBaS MO
OCTb
9JIeKTpOBarpeBaTeJIeii, BT 800
3JIeKTpoABuraTeJIb
TUn ........ .AOJI-12-4 AOJI-12-4 AOJI-12-4 AOJI-12-4
MO
BOCTb, KBT . . " 0.18 0,18 0.18 0.18
'1aCTOTa Bp
eBus,
06/MHB . . . . ., 1400 1400 1400 1400
ra6apuTBble pa3MepH, MM
,lUUIBa 975 1060 1015 2040
mupBHa 1120 890 1285 1335
BHCOTa . . . . 2710 2270 2650 2650
Macea, T . . . . . 1.486 1.150 1,760 2.025
CCK-3
CCK-
400
20; 30
100
12; 15
74
4.5
8
. 0,5-0.7
cu-
CCK-5 CCK-6 CCK-900
200
500
600-900
650
20; 30 20; 30; 40 20; 40
100 100 60
1
4
5-6.65
16
30
5
18
0.5-0.7 0.5-0,7 0.5-0,7
250
800
30
250-270
250
800
250
800
4.5
3500
3250
1800
2.5
OOOPYAOBaHHe
u )'KpeDJleBBJI CThiKa s8Mep", ,IJ;J1J1 yRpenJleBHJI CTLIKa KaMep
Ha pJl)\e SaBO)\OB DpHMeHJlIOTCJI YCBJlBTeJlLHLIe JleBTOqKB BS DpopesBHeBBoro Kop
a,
KOTopbIe BaKJla)\LlBaIOTCJI Ba CTLIK Ba BapymBoii CTopOBe KaMepBoro PYKaBa.
06bIqHO
J1J1 9Toro DpHMeBJlIOT CneD;BaJlLHLIB J1eBToq&bIii TpanCDopTep, B)\OJlL
KOToporo YCTaBaBJlHBalOTCJI CTLIKOBOqJfLIe CTaHKH. nocJle CTLIKOBKH KaMepLI CTLIK
npOMaaLIBalOT KJleeM B DpocyIUHBalOT HB<}>paKpaCBLIMH JlaMDaMH, YCTaHOBJleBBLIMB
Ha)\ TpaBcDopTepoM. nocJle npocywKB Ba DpoMaaaBBLIB yqacToK BaKJla
LIBaIOT
JleBTo
y 8a DpopeaBBeBHoro KOp)\a. B KOHII;e TpaBCDopTepa )\J1J1 DO)\DpeCCOBKB
JleBTOqKH YCTaBaBJlHBaeTCJI nBeBMaTlAeCKHB npecc C DpeccYIO
eB rOJlOBKOB,
CocToJl
eii Ha pesHBoBoii KaMepbI, Ba KOTOpylO Ba)\eTbI DJlaCTHBLI 8S JlHC'l'OBOrO
101eTaJlJla.
434
Ha OTeqeCTBeBBLIX SaBO)\aX )\JlJI nO)\npeCCOBKB JleBTOqKB Ba CTLIKe aBTOKaMep
npBHeBJlIOT CTaBOK HPO-771O, KOTOpLIii XapaKTepBsyeTcJI CJleAytO BMB )\8BBLIMB:
MaKCUMaJIbUOe AaBJIeBUe Ba nopmem., KH
PaSMepH no ymeK npecca, MM
JIUBa . . . . . . . . .
mUpBHa . . . . . . . . .
nO UmBOH nOnymKU . .
BenOABBJRBOH no ymJW .
11,35
350
70
93
ODBcaBBLIii cnoc06 YCHJleBBJI CTLIKa B BacTOJl ee BpeMJI SallleBJleTCJI cno-
C060H SaMOpamBBaBBJI BapymBoii qaCTB CTLIKa )\0 -8°C. ,IJ;JlJI aaMopaamBaBBJI
DpBMeBJlIOT CneIl;BaJlLBOe npBCDOC06J1eBBe, npe)\CTaBJlJlIO ee c060ii MeTaJlJlBqeCRYIO
Tpy6KY, B KOTOpoii BPKYJlBpyeT XJla)\areBT C TeMUepaTypoii OT -10 )\0 -12°C
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4448
PIiIC. 12.5. BaRBa JIII DCDHTaaDJI RaMep Ba repMeTB'IBOCTb:
1 - BaHiln; 2 - nBTalOlI\uA TPaucnopTep; 81- CCTKa; 4 - pomnm; S - 45apa45aa; 6 - OTIiopo'lHloll 1'paHCIIOP-
TeP; ., - 9neKTPOIlBBraTeJl&; 8 - HaTIIIICBoe YCTPoACTBO.
B J(aqeCTBe XJla)\areBTa 06LIqBO npBHeBJlIOT D;BPKYJlBPYIOIII;Bii paCTBOp XJlO-
pBCTOrO KaJlLD;BJI. OXJlam)\eBBe npOB3BO)\JlT npB nOHO B <}>peOBOBOii XOJIOABJlLROii
YCTaUOBKB. Ha BOpOBemCKOM mBBHOIll aaBO)\e npBMeBJleTCJI cnoc06 OXJlaac)\eBBJI
MOp03BJILBOii Tpy6RB npH nOMODJ,B BCTeqeBRJI CmaTOrO BOa)\yxa qepea YJlBTKY B BR)\e
CnHpaJlH ApXRMe)\8 (BRXpeBaJl Tpy6Ra POBKa). TIpR aTOM B03)\YX, _BXOA Bii
B nOJlOCTL MOpOaRJlLBOii TPy6KR, OXJla)l( aeTCJI )\0 -15°C. TeMUepaTypa BOa)\YX8
perYJlBpyeTcJI )\pOCCeJleM. Pacxo)\ B03Ayxa Ba OWlY TOqRY 0,019 J(r/c.
C nOJlBJleBReM pa)\BaJlLBLIX mBB Boapoc CpOK cJlym6LI DOKpLIlIIeK B npR aKC-
nJlyaTaD;RR CTaJlB yqam;aTLcJI cJlyqaB paCCJlOeBRJI CTLIKa KaMep. 3TO 06'LJlCBJleTCJI
TeM, 1IT0 B mRBax THna P Ae<}>opMaD;RJI KaMep ropas)\o 6oJI:bme, 1JeM B AHarOBaJlLBI>IX,
H, KpOMe Toro, BanpaBJleBHe BBTeD J(op a B RapKace nOKpLlIDKH COBna)\aeT C Ba-
npaBJleBBeM CTLIKa. ¥ CTaROBJleBO, 'tJTO )\J1J1 nOJlyqeBHJI B8)\emBOrO CTLIKa B mHBax
THna P AaBJleBHe npH cacaTHB KOBD;OB KaMepLI Mem)\y c060ii CJ!e)\yeT YBeJlHqHTL
B 4 paaa B 06pa60TaTL DOBepXBOCTL cpeaa KaMepLI rOpJlqHMH BoacaMB, yCTpaBHB
06paaOBaBBe KOpKH. BpMa dlBmeii nOlIHMepl> (CiliA) paspa60T8J1a BOBLIii TBII
CTLIKOBOqBOrO CTaBKa C YJlyqmeBBoii KOBCTPYKD;Beii rOpJlqRX Bomeii B 60JlLmeii
CRJloii npBmaTHJI KOBI\OB pYKaBa Me)l()\y c060ii.
28* 435
3TB CTaBKB BLInycKalOTcJI )\JlJI K8Mep C npO
BJleM )\BaMeTpOM -OT 5,5 )\0 13,5 n.
npOqaOCTL CTLIKa KaMepLI, nOJlyqeBBoro Ba aTBX CTaBKax, npeBLImaeT npOqBOCTL
yqaCTKOB 6ea CTLIKa, TOr)\8 KaK npOqBOCTL CTLIK8, nOJlyqeBBoro B8 06
BLIX CTaB-
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qeM ROJlOBBLIe npeCCLI, npH TOii: me MO BOCTH. BLlnycK810TCJI npeccLi ABYX paa-
MepOB: 900 X 36x30 AJlJI BYJlKaBBaaD;BH a p8rM)\U nOKpLImeR 8,25-20 B
900 X 36 X 500 )\JlJI BYJlKaBBa8D;BB )\B8 p8rM )\JlJI nOKpLImeR 14,00-28 B 15,00-
24. 068 Dpecca paaBBBaIOT YCBJIB9 4 MH. B OTJlB'U'l9 OT KOJlOBBLIX npeCCOB am
npeCCLI BMelOT no TPB D;BJlBH)\P8; 060rpeB OpM B Cep)\eqaBKa y BBX n8poBoii.
II p e C C-8 B T 0 K JI a B. ,1\JlJI BarOTOBJleBBJI )\Ba parM 60JlLmBX paaMepOB
cJlymBT CneD;B8J1I>BLIii: aBTORJl8B. B aTOM 8BTOKJl8Be BB3(BJIJI nOJlOBBB8 OpMLI
YCTaBOBJleB8 B8 CTOJle nJlyumep8, a BepXBJlJI YKpenJleB8 Ba KpLImKe KOTJla. 110-
CJlep;BJlJI CBBM8eTCJI TeJlL epOM. cI>OpMLI 060rpeBalOTCJI n8pOM, nO)\8B8eMLIM B KOTeJI
npeCC-8BTOKJlaB8. M8KCBM8J1LBOe YCBJlBe npeCC8 7 MH. BBYTpeHBBB: )\B8MeTp
ROTJla 1400 MM.
4ACTb TPETbfl
060PY AOBAHIliE npOlli3BOACTBA PE311iHOBbiX
TEXHIIi ECKIliX 1Ii3AEnlli
r 11 A B A 13
060PY,lJ.OBAHHE npOH3BO,lJ.CTBA TPAHCnOPTEPH blX
nEHT H nnOCKHX nPHBO,lJ.HbIX PEMHEIII
B a8BBCBMOCTB OT YCJlOBBii aKCDJlY8T8D;BB npBMeBJlIOT p8aJlB1UILie KOBCTPYKD;1UI
npBBO)\BLIX peMBeii B Tp8BcnoprepBLIx JleBT. HcnOJll>aOBaBBe BOBLIX M8TepB8J10B
B DpOBaBO)\CTBe DPBBO)\BLIX peMBeii II Tp8BCDoprepBLIX JleBT DpBBeJlO R coaAaBBIO
HOBLIX KOBCTpYKD;Bii arnx Ba)\eJlBH:. CT8JIO BoaMomBLIM BarOTaBJlBB8TL peMUB
C DpBMeBeBBeM cepAe1UlBKOB, apMBpOB8BBLIX CT8J1LBLIMB TpOC8MB. B B8CTOJl ee
BpeMJI TpaacnopTepBLIe JleBTLI, K8K np8BBJlO, BarOT8BJlBB81OT B8peaBLIMB, C pe-
aBBOBOH: 06KJla)\Koii. ,l(JlJI YCBJleUBJI Dp01Ul0CTB 60pT8 BCDoJll>aylOT pe3BBOBLIe
mBypLl, TK8BeBLIe 06epTKB B T.)\. ,l(JIJI yueJlBqeBBJI DPOqBOCTB CB1iaH peaBHLI
C TK8BeBLIM KapKaCOM YDOTpe6J1J1IOT p8apemeBBYIO 6peKepBYlO TK8BL.
13.1. 050PY AOBAHHE A11f1 nOArOTOBKH TKAHH
B npOH3BOACTBE TPAHCnOPTEPHblX 11EHT H PEMHEI1
XJlODq8T06YMaiRRLIe TKaBB ne06XO)\BMO BarpeTL B DpOCymBTL Depe)\ DpoM8a-
Koii Ba KaJl8B)\pe. CymK8 DpOOaBO)\BTCJI B cymBJlK8X C qBCJlOM B8rpeB8TeJlLBhlX
6ap868BOB OT 8 )\0 24. OnllC8BBe cymBJloK DpBBe)\eBO B rJl. 9. 06 0 TK8BL
CymBTCJI )\0 BJl8mBOCTB Be 60Jlee 1,5-2 %. BJl8mBocTL ODpe)\eJlJleTCJI aJleKTpO-
BJlarOMepOM.
B CBJlaB C mBpOKBM p8aBBTHeM npOBaBOAcTB8 npBBOABLIX peMBeii B Tp8BCDOp-
TepBLIX JleBT B8 OCHOBe TK8Beii oa CBBTeTB'leCKBX BOJlOKOB BOaBBKJla Be06xo)\BMOCTL
npoDBTKB BX C D;eJlLIO DOBbImeHBJI npO'lBOCTB CBJlaB TK8BB C peaBBOH:. )J;JlJI 9TOii
D;eJlB DpBMeBJlIOT 8rperaT )\JlJI nponHTKB B cymKB TK8Beii: Ba nOJlBaMB)\BLIX BOJlOKOB
AJIT-220, DO KOBCTPYKD;OB aU8J10rB1UIhIii npODBTOqBLIM 8rper8TaM, onBcaBBLIU
B rJl. 9.
He06xo)\BMOCTL cTa6BJlBaa BB YDpyrHx cBoiicTB TKaBeii Ha CBBTeTHqeCKHX
BOJIOKOR DPBBO)\BT e e K o)\Roii )\ODOJlBBTeJlLBOii ODepaD;BB - TepMBqeCKOH:
06p86oTKe Ba CDeD;B8J1LBLIX 8rperaTaX, KOBCTpyKD;BJI B TeXBOqeCK8J1 X8paKTepB-
CTBK8 KOTOpLIX T8Kme DpBBe)\eBLI B rJl. 9.
RpoMe DOJlBaMO)\ULIX TKaHeii B DpOHaBO)\CTBe JleUT B peMBeii Bce mBpe B8qB-
B810T npBMeBJlTL DOJlOa BpBLIe TK8BB, B8DpBMep Jl8BC8UOBLIe. 3TB TKaBB OTJlB-
qalOTCJI BbICOKOH: DPOqROCTLIO, CT86BJlLBLIMO ynpyroMo cBoiicTBaMB, BO Tpe6YlOT
)\ODOJlUO'feJlLBOii 06P860TKB DOBepxuOCTO )\JlJI DOBLImeBBJI 8AreaBOBBLIX CBoiiCTB.
,l(JlJI noii D;eJlB TKaBB DpOMaaLIB81OTCJI Ba mDpe)\OBr-M8moB8X KJleJlMB, BKJllOq8-
IOID;BMB B30D;B8uaTLI, BJIB 06pa68TLIBaIOTCJI, KaK H DOJlBaMO)\BLIe, MeTO)\OM npo-
DBTKH.
)I.JlJI 06p860TKO nOJlBaMB)\BLIX B DOJlBa OpBLIX TK8UeH: BHHHPTMAIII p8a-
pa60TaB8 JlBBBJI JInT -40-1800 (HB)\eI{C 592-116). JIBBBJI BKJlIOq8eT o60pY)\OBaBBe
443
)\JlJI DpODBTRB, CymKB U TepM006p860TKB TK8BB, 8B8J10rB1UI0e ODBC8BHOMY
BLIme, B 060PYAOB8BBe )\JlJI DOBTOpBOii DpODBTKB nOJlBa BpBLIX TR8Beii CDe-
D;B8JILBLIMH COCTaBaMB B BX CymKB. H8 JlBBBB Momuo 06P868TLIB8TL TK8BL mB-
pBBOii AO 1600 MM co CKOpOCTLIO OT 12 ;0,040 M/MBB. ra6apBTBLIe p8aMepLI JlBBBB
COCTaBJlJlIOT: )\JlBH8 - 115 M, mBpBU8 - 20 M, BLiCOTa - 14,5 M; Macca - OKOJlO
700 T. TIpoD;ecc DponBTKB DOJlBS BpBLIX TKaueii 60Jlee )\JlBTeJlbBLIH: B Tpe6yeT
60Jlee CJlOmBOrO 060Py;o,OB8BBJI.
,IJ;JlJI B8BeCeBBJI KJleJI B8 DOBepXBOCTI> JIaBC8BOBOii TKaBB BHHHPTMAID
p8ap860TaB 8rper8T )\JlJI npODBTKB MeTo;o,OM mDpe)\HBrOBaBBJI - AnJI-200 (BB-
)\eKC 592-95), B8 KOTOpOM 06pa68TLlB8eTcJI TK8BL mBpBBoii AO 2000 MM co CKo-
pOCTLIO OT 5 )\0 15 M/MBB.
B COCT8B 8rper8T8 BXO,tVIT p8CRaTO'lBo-aaKaT01UlLIe CT8BRB, RJleenpOMaaOqaaJl
M8mBB8 B CymBJlK8, B ROTOpoii CymK8 DpOBCXOABT DPB TeMDepaType )\0 120 °C.
060PYAoB8BBe BLIDOJlBeBO BO BapHB06eaon8cBoM BCDOJlBeBBB. ¥CT8BOBJleBBaa
MO OCTL aJleRTpO)\BBraTeJleH: 8rper8T8 COCT8BJlJleT 55 RBT, AJlBBa - 24,5 M,
M8CC8 - OKOJlO 30 T.
13.2. 050PYAOBAHHE AnH C50PKIo1 Y3KIo1X PEMHEA
nocnoAHo.3ABEPHYToA KOHCTPYK HIo1
CxeMa MamBBLI )\JlJI C60PKB peMBeii DocJloiiBo-aaBepBYToii ROBCTPYRD;BB
mBpBBoi ;0,0 60 MY DOK8aaH8 B8 pBC. 13.1. PYJlOB DpopeaBBeBBoi TROB DOCTY-
DaeT Ba paCR8T01Ul0e YCTpoiicTBO 1. 3;«ecL DPORJl8AOqBLlii XOJICT oTAeJIJleTCJlloT
A.x 5
-!<::tt
i" r
1
PDC. is.1. CXeM8 MaJDBBH NlIl cOopm yalUlX penel DOCJIoiiBo-aaBep&yTOi KOBCTp DII':
J - paCRaTO'IBOe YCTPOICTBO; S - HanpaBJIRro!Qllit B8J1Jf1(; 8, 4 - BBJlBKU; S - KaT}'DIJIB 11M 1Cp8110K; ,-
ymn'Ka; 1 - Kanu45poBO'IROe DpucuocolJneHBe; 8 - ,ay45mlp0Bo'lHlole B8J1KU; 9, 10 - B8np8BJJJlJOllllre POJIBKB;
1 J. - 8BKaTO'lRoe YCTJIOICTBO.
TR8BB B nOCTYJI8eT B8 aaR8TOqaOe npBcnoc06J1eBBe, 8 DpOMaa8BB8J1 TRaBI> nOA8eTca
B8 Banp8BJlJlIODJ,Bii B8J1BK 2 B, npOXO)\JI B8J1BKB a B 4, nO)\Bepr8eTCJI peaKe Ba DO-
JlOCLI ODpe)\eJleBBOii mBpBBLI. B8J1BK 3 DeeT C'LeMBYIO Py68mKY, OB JlBJIJleTCJI
YDOPOM )\JlJI Bom8, YKpenJleBBOro B ;o,epm8BKe. H8mBM Boma perYJlBPYeTCJI npy-
mBBoii B SKCD;eBTpBROM. nOCJle)\BBH: )\eiicTByeT B8 060iiMY )\epm8BKB. B aaBBCB-
MOCTB OT BymBoii mBpBBLI DOJlOC BLI6Bp8eTCJI KOJlB'leCTBO Bomeii B p8CCTOJlBBe
Mem;o,y 060iiM8MB )\epmaBOK. PacKpoeBBLIe DOJlOCLI DO;o,81OTCJI B YJlBTRB 6, rAe
npOBCXO)\BT BX CBOP8qBB8BHe. PaCCTOJlBBe OT B8JIBKOB 3 B 4 ;0,0 YJlBTOK Be06xo-
;o,BMO nO)\6Bp8TL T8K, qT06LI 06eCDeqBTL DJl8BBOe aaBepTLIBaBBe Kp8eB TKaBB.
)J;JlJI KamAoro p8SMep8 peMBJI YCTaB8BJlBB81OTCJI COOTBeTCTBYIO Be YJlBTKB. )]:JlJI
444
Toro tJT06LI
OpMOB8TL peMeBL T01Ul0ro K8J1B6pa, a8rOTOBR8 nponYCK8eTCJI qepe
K8J1B6pOB01Ul0e npBcnoc06J1eBBe, KOTopoe JlBJlJleTCJI CMeBBLIM (B a8BBCBMOCTB OT
KOB
BrYP8D;BB peMBJI). nocJle K8J1B6pOBKB peMeBL npOXO)\BT MemAY )\y6J1BPO-
BOqBLIMB B8J1R8MB 8. )]:aJlee no BanpaBJlJlIO
BM pOJlBRaM 9 B 10 peMeBL nO)\8eTCJI
B a8K8TOqBOe YCTpoiicTBO 11, a a8TeM B8 BYJlK8BBaaD;BIO. P860q8J1 CKOpOCTL )\BB-
meBBJI a8rOTOBKB peMBJI 50 M/MBH, MO
BOCTL 9J1eRTpOp;BBr8TeJlJl 8-10 KBT.
13.3. 050PYAOBAHHE Ami C50PKH H 05KJ1AAKH
TP AHcnOPTEPHblX J1EHT H PEMHEA HAPE3HOA KOHCTPYK
HH
nJlOCKBe npBBO)\BLIe peMBB B TpaBcnopTepBLIe JleBTLI B8peaBoii ROBCTPyRD;1IH
npep;CT8BJlJlIOT C060H: MBOrOcJloiiBLIe peaBBOTKaBeBLIe nJl8CTBBLI. PeaBBOTK8BeBaJl
nJl8CTBB8 (cepAeqBBK) MomeT 6LITL nOJlyqeBa npB )\y6J1BpOB8BBB pJl)\a npOKJlaAOK
O)\BOBpeMeBBO BJIB nYTeM nOCJloiiBoro B8J10meBBJI npOKJla)\OK. nepBLIii cnoco6-
B8XOABT mBpORoe npBMeBeBBe B a8Py6emBoM npOBaBO)\CTBe, BTOpoii - Ba OTe-
qeCTBeBBLIX aaBO)\aX PTH.
13.3.1. Ot5oPY AoaaHHe AnR Ct50PKH H ot5KnaAKH
cepAeLlHHKOB neHT, npHMeHReMoe sa pyt5e>KOM
B a8Py6emBoM npOBaBO)\CTBe onep8D;BB BenOCpe)\CTBeBBoro )\y6J1BpOBaBB1f
Cep)\e1UlBK8 OT)\eJleBLI OT onepaD;Bii nOArOTOBRB B 06P860TKB TK8BB. OCBOBBLIM
cnoc060M JlBJlJleTCJI C60PK8 Cep)\e1UlBK8 B8 ropBaOBT8J1LBLIX CTOJl8X Ba OT)\eJlLBLIX
PYJlOBOB nO)\rOTOBJleBBOii TK8BB, YCT8BOBJleBBLIX B8 p8CK8T01UlLIX CToiiK8X.
Hepe)\RO B8 aTOM 060PY)\OB8BBB npOBaBO)\BTCJI Be TOJILRO C60PK8 Cep)\e1UlBKa,
BO B B8J10meBBe B8 Bero peaBBOBLIX B8PymBLIx 06KJla)\OK B YCBJleBBe 60pTOB.
B ClliA
BpMa «ry)\pBq» npBMeBJleT CneD;B8JILBLte C60p01UlLIe MamBBLI,
BKJllOq81O
Be TPB B 60Jlee paCK8TO'lBLIX YCTpOH:CTB AJlJI npopeaBBeBBOH: TK8HB
B CTOJILI )\JlJI C60pKB. 0)\B8 Ba C60P01UlLIX MamBB BMeeT )\JlBBy)\O 39,6 M B mBpBBY
)\0 2,74 M. H8 M8mBBe MomBO BarOT8BJlBB8TL JleBTLI mBpUBoii AO 1830 MM C AB8--
MeTpOM PYJloa8AO 4000 MM B MaCCOH:)\o 23 T. MamBBa OCB
eB8 YCTpOH:CTBaMB )\JlJI
BenpepLiBBoro ROBTpOJlJl B paBBOMepBoro BaTJlmeBBJI npOKJla)\OR. TK8BL nO)\8eTCJI
aa C60POqBYIO M8mBBY, npe)\B8pBTeJlLBO T01Ul0 p8CKpOeBBaJl no mBpBBe )\BCRO-
BLIMB Bom8MB. T01Ul0CTL pea8 no mBpBBe B npe)\eJl8X Bcero PYJlOB8 B8 pea8TeJlL-
Boii M8mBBe 06eCneqBB8eTCJI 9J1eKTpOODTlAeCROi CBCTeMoii D;eBTpBpOB8BBJI TK8BB.
:3TO
y
ecTBeBBO YBeJlBqBB8eT npOBaBOp;BTeJlLBOCTL C60P01UlLiX MamBH H nOBLI-
maeT R8qeCTBO C60pKB.
H8 pBC. 13.2 nOK8a8B 06
Bii BB)\ YCT8BOBKB
BpMLI «BepcTOpM». "YCTa-
BOBKa npe)\BaaB8qeB8 AJlJI c60plm JleBT mBpBBoi )\0 1800 MM C )\BYXCTopoBBeii
peaBBoBoii 06KJl8)\KOH:. "Y CT8aOBKa COCTOBT BB P8CR8TOqBO-aaK8TOqBLIX CT8BKOB 1,
mBpBTeJlI>BOrO YCTpOH:CTBa 2, C60POqBOii M8mBBLI, COCTOJl
eH: Ba C60pBO-cB8pBoro
K8pKaC8 3, B8 KOTOpOM CMOBTBpOBaBLI meCTL O)\BBaKOBLIX ceKD;Bii C p8CKaT01UlLIMH
CT8BK8MB 4 )\JlJI npopeaBBeBBOH: TR8BB BJIB peaBBLI, YCTpoiicTBO 5 AJlJI a8K8TLI-
B8BBJI npOKJl8)\0'lBOrO XOJlCT8, YCTpoiicTBO 6 P;JlJI pOBBeBBJI RpOMOR B YCTpOH:CTBO 7
)\JlJI nOMepm8BBJI p8BBoMepBoro YCBJlBJI B8TJlmeBBJI npOKJla)\OK JleBTLI. B BBmBeii
q8CTB arperaT8 p8CnOJlOmeBLI )\Ba JleBT01UlLIX Tp8BcnopTep8 8 B 9. Tp8BcnopTep 8
CJlymBT AJlJI npe)\B8pBTeJlLBOrO Ay6J1BpOB8BBJI CJlOeB B nO)\8qB BX B OCBOBBLIe
)\y6J1BPYIO
Be B8J1KB 10. K8m)\aJl npOKJlaARa npBmBMaeTCJI K JleBTe Tp8BcnopTepa
8. Tp8BcnopTepoM 9 Cep)\eqBBK BoaBpa
aeTCJI K CT8BKY 1. nepe)\ B8J1KaMB 10
YCT8BOBJleBLI nJlOCKBe KJlBBOBB)\BLIe BomB 12 )\JlJI 06pea8BBJI KpOMOK BJIB npo-
)\OJlLBOH: peaKB CepAeqBBKa B BaJlKB 13 )\JlJI oT60p8 RpOMOK. 38 )\y6J1BPYIO
BMB
B8J1K8MB BaXO)\BTCJI pOJlLr8Br 14 C YCT8BOBKOH: 15 AJlJI onpLICKBB8BBJI nOBepXBOCTB
JleBTLI CBJlBKOBOBOH: CM8aKOH:.
445
ITpBBO)\ )\y6J1BPYIO
BX BaJlKOB, BaJlKOB )\JlJI oT60pa KpOMOK, npBBO)\HLIX
6apa6aHOB Tp8HcnopTepOB 8, 9 B Be)\
erO pOJlBKa pOJlLraBra ocy
eCTBJlJleTCJI
OT O)\HOrO 9J1eKTpO)\BBraTeJlJl.
YCTaHOBKa SaKaHqBB8eTCJI mBpBTeJlLHLIM YCTpoiicTBOM 2 B CTaHKOM 16
JlJI
aaKaTLIBaHBJI JleHTLI. B Depe)\Heii qaCTB YCTaHOBKB BMeeTCJI paCKaTOqaLIii CT8HOK 17
)\JlJI 06KJla)\KB HBmHeD CTOpOHLI Cep
eqaBKa peaBHoii. CKOpOCTL MamBHLI perYJlB-
PyeTCJI B Dpe)\eJlax OT 4 )\0 18 M/MBH.
Ha YCT8HOBKe MO;KBO co6BpaTL JleHTLI )\J1BHOD )\0 300 M. ,D;BaMeTp PYJlOH8
c06paHHoii JleHTLI )\OCTBr8eT 3200 MM, MaCC8 - OT 10 )\0 15 T. r86apBTHLIe p8a-
MepLI YCTaHOBKB: )\JlBHa 36,6 M, mBpBHa 6,8 M, BLICOTa 3,1 M. 06
aJl YCTaHOBJleH-
BaJl MO
BOCTL 9J1eKTpO)\BBraTeJleD - OKOJlO 90 KBT.
17
3
I
6 8
5 7 "
16
13
PDC. 13.2. 06
B
YCTaaoBKII !)DpMLI cBepcrop"dit AJlII c60pKII seHT:
1 - paCKaTO'lHO-SaKaTOqHHA CTaIlOK; 2 - yCTaROBKa 11M BNPaBRHBallllR CltllalIOK; 8 - KapKac: 4 - pacKa-
TOqHW CTaROK; S - YCTPOItCTBO IIJiR SaKaTIIIBUDIII npOKJlBlIOqHOrO xonCTa: ,- yCTpOlCTBO 11M POBBeIlBll
KPOMOK; 1 - YCTPOItCTBO aJiR nOllllepllCUDIII paBHOlllepRoro yellJIBR RaTRlICeH\III TKaRB; 8, 9 - JleII'1'O'IHHe TPaRC-
noprepN; 10 -lIy45napYIOII\Be BaJIBK8; 11 - npBIIClDOIolT ponRK; 12 - HOII<II; 18 - _811M oTCiopa KpoMOKl
14 - pOJlbraHr: 15 - YCTaROJlKa 11M onpNCKBBUDIII neRTlil; l' - saKaTO'I1Odt CTaROK; 11 - paCKaTO'IBIIDI
CTaROK IInR PCSBHN.
Y CTpODCTBO )\JlJI nOAAepmaHBJI DOCTOJlHHOrO YCBJlBJI BaTJlmeBBJI TK8HB
(pBC. 13.3) 06eCDeqBBaeT O)\BBaKOBOe HaTJlmeHBe KaK no )\JlBBe o)\Hoii npOKJla)\KB,
TaK B Op;BHaKOBoe B p8BBOMepHoe HaTJlmeHBe Bcex npOKJla)\OK B c06paHHoii JleHTe.
HaTJlmeBBe npOKJla)\OK MomeT DOAAepmBBaTLCJI 6J1BaKUM K HYJlIO. Y cTpoiicTBO
COCTOBT Ba DHeBMaTBqeCKOrO MeM6paBHoro )\aTqBK8 1, YCT8HOBJleHBOrO no)\ ODOpOD
npOMemYTOqaOrO pOJlBKa 2, BCDOJlHBTeJlLHOrO MexaHBaMa 3, Dpe)\CTaBJlJlIO
erO
C060D )\BCKOBLIii DBeBMaTUqeCKBD TopMoa, YCTaHOBJleBBLlii Ba mDBH)\eJle CTaHK8
,lXJlJI paSMOTKB TKaHB 4 (CM. pBC. 13.2). ,D;J1J1 6LIcTporo paCTopMamUB8BBJI PYJlOHa
C TKaBLIO YCTaHOBJleBLI pyqHOD 9 B aJleKTpOMarHBTHLIH: 10 KJlaDaHLI (c6poc BOa)\yx8).
RJlaDaH 10 ynp8BJlJleTCJI C D;eHTpam.Horo DYJlLTa.
ABTOMaTBqeCKOe DOAAepm8HBe a
aHHoro YCBJlBJI B8TJlmeHBJI ocy
eCTBJlJleTCJI
CJle)\YIO
BM 06paaoM. ITpu YBeJlUqeHBB YCBJlBJI BaTJlmeBBJI TKaHB BLIme aa)\aHHOrO
HarpyaK8 qepea onopy pOJlBKa Depe)\8eTCJI Ha ){eM6paHY 1];a"BKa, KOTOpLIH: YMeHL-
maeT )\8BJleHBe BOa)\yxa B DOJlOCTB D;BJlBH)\P8 TopMoa8, qTO npBBO)\BT K yMeBLme-
BBIO TopMoaHoro MOMeHTa Ba mDB
eJle p8CKaTOqHOrO CTaHKa B COOTBeTCTBeHHO
K YMeHLmeHBIO YCBJlBJI HaTJlmeHBJI TKaHB. ITpoKJla)\OqHLIii XOJlCT oT6BpaeTCJI
B PYJlOB. ITocTOJlHHOe YCBJlBe HaTJlmeHBJI XOJlCTa 06eCneQBBaeTCJI aJleKTpO
BBr8-
TeJIeM c perYJlBpyeMLIM MOMeBTOM Bpa
eHBJI. TaKBM 06p8aoM, HeCMOTpJl Ha Ba-
446
Toro qT06LI
OpMOBaTL peMeBL TOqaOrO KaJlB6pa, 8arOTOBKa npOnYCKaeTCR 4 qepea
KaJlB6pOBOqBOe npBCDOC06J1eHBe, KOTOpOe RBJlReTCR CMeHHLIM (B 8aBBCBMOCTB OT
KOH
BrypaD;BB peMBR). ITocJle KaJlB6pOBKB peMeHL npOXO
BT Me
y mr6J1BpO-
BOqHLIMB BaJlKaMB 8. ,D;aJlee DO HaDpaBJlRIO
BM pOJlBKaM 9 B 10 peMeH:& DOAaeTCR
B aaK8TOqHOe YCTPOHCTBO 11, a aaTeM Ha BYJlK8HBaaD;BlO. Pa60qaR CKOpOCT:&
BB-
meHBR 88rOTOBKB peMBR 50 M/MBH, MO
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BaBeCeBHJI Ba nOBepxBocTb TaJIbKOBOB: cycneBSHH. llpOKJIaAOllBaJl TKaBb nOAaeTCJI
C paCKaTOllBOrO CTaBKa 12. B ,BepxBeH lIaCTB KOMneBcaTopa 7 Ba BanpaBJIJlIOm;eM
pOJIBKe YCTaBOBJIenW MexaBHSM OTClIeTa nyTH B AaT'lHKH 13 CBCTeMbl yJIaBJIJlBaBJIJI
cmKa TKaBH.
B JIBBHH y.cTaBOBJIeBW paCKaTOllBblB: CTaBOK, CTWKOBOllBWH npecc llC-1800
B KOMneBcaTopbl, npHMeBJleMWe npH npOBSBOACTBe mHB B JIBBBJlX AJIJI 06pesHBlfBa-
B1IJI KOPAa, a TaK)Ke KaJIaBAP (BBAeKc 503090), cepBDo BarOTaBJIBBae)fh1B: SaBOlIOM
«BOJIbmeBBK).
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JIBpOBOllBOB: MamBBe M,A-1600 (BBAeKc 577-1).
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CepAellBHKB f'JJHBOB: OT 100 AO 195 M C marOM perYJIHpOBaBHJI AJIIfHW 3 M. C60pKa
CepAellBIIKa ocym;eCTBJIJleTCJI BenpepWBBO. BYJIKaB1lS0BaBBblB: Ba CTYKOBOllBOM
npecce TeXBOJIOrBlIeCKHH CTbIK npeABapBTeJIbBO BwpeSaeTCJI BS TRaB1l; KOBel(
TKaBB paCKpallBaeTCJI nOA yrJIOM 45 0 K OCB MamHBW B BBOBb cTwKyeTcJI BBaXJIeCTKY.
YTOllBaJi HJIB 6peKepBaJi TKaBb BaKJIaAYBaeTCJI Ba yme cAy6JIBpOBaBBwe OCBOBHble
npOKJI81(KH nepeA saMoTKoH CepAellBBKa, B pyJIOB.
ROBCTPYK
JI Ay6JIBpOBOllBOB: MaDIHBbl nOKasaBa Ba pHC. 13.10. llepeA
Ay6JIupYIOm;IIMH 6apa6aBaMII YCTaBOBJIeBO YCTPOHCTBO AJIJI paCKpOJI B CTYKOBKII
TRaB1l. 'Y CTpOB:CTBO BKJIIOlIaeT CTOJI, Ba KOTOpOM yCTaBOBJIeBbl nOAalOm;Be B BaTJlm-
Bwe POJIBKII. BAOJIb CTOJIa nepeMem;aeTCJI KapeTKa C TpeMJI npBBOABYMII AHCKOBbIMJI
BomaMB; ABa Boma nepeMem;aIOTCJI nOA yrJIOM 45 0 K OCB MamHBY, OABB - nepneB-
AHKyJIJlpBO. ,AJIJI npllKaTKB CTYKa Ba KapeTKe paSMem;eB 06p
8BBeBBYi POJIBK.
llepeA BaTJlmBYMH pOJIBKaMB BaXOABTCJI mBpBTeJIbBOe YCTPOHCTBO, BbIDOJIBeBBOe
B BHAe BsorBYToi OCH C paAHyooM KpHBHSHbl 8000 MM, Ba KOTOpOM Ba onopax
KalleBBJI CB060ABO Bpam;aeTCJI peSBBOBaJi py6amKa ABaMeTpOM 160 MM. OCBOBBoe
BaanalleBlle YCTpoicTBa - BwpaBBBBaBBe CKJIaAOK B MOPm;BB Ba TRaBH nepeA
nocTynJIeBBeM ee na Ay6JJBpOBaBBe.
457
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6
7 6
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Puc. t3.9. JIUUUR 63t.06t AJiR c60pKu cePA8'IBIII(OB TpaacDoporeplUlX JI8IIT:
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'I - DpOllleHIyro'lRhlll KOlIDelfCaTOp; 8 - DOIlIIB1KHIIJI Kape-rKa KOlIDelfcaTOpa; 9 - J(yGmiPOBO'IRaH lIIaJ1J1111a M)];-1600; 10 - 8aKaTO'I1IUIt CTalfOK I1J111 cePIle'IIIJIKa;
11 - cYCDeH8BOHlfaH YCTalfOBKa; 12 - pacKaTO'IIIId CTaHOK J(JIII DpoKlraIlO'IRoro XODCTa; 18 - I1aT'IIIKB B lIeXlUlJl8111 O'1'C1JeTa CBCTeMH ynaBmulIUlI1JI Q'J'hIKa.
,I\JIJI YJIaBJIIIBaBIIJI BYJIKaBIISOBaBBOrO CmKa TKaBB Ba CTOJIe YCTpOBCTBa
B JIBBHH nplfMeBeBa CIICTeMa 06BapymeB1lJl CTWKa TKaBII TBna «(CYPB». CIICTeMa
BKJIlOlIaeT ABa AaT'lBKa, MexaBBSM OT'leTa II BCnOJIBHTeJIbBwji aJIeKTpOBBWB: 6JIOK.
,I\aT'lHKII BWAaIOT MexaBBSMY CBrRaJI AJIJI OTClIeTa nYTB no TKaBB, KOTOpWB: AOJImBa
npOBTII
JIbra nOCJIe nocTynJIeBBJI CBrRaJIa AO MeCTa ee OCTaBOBa Ba ropBSOBTaJIb-
BOM CTOJIe, nOCJIe lIero B CBCTeMY npBBOAOB JIBBIIB nOCTynaeT CBrBaJI Ba npeKpa-
m;eBlle nOAallB TKaBB pOJIBKaMB. TO'IBOCTb OCTaBOBa CTWKa TRaBB C
JIbroii
BeSaBIICIfMO OT CKOpOCTH pa60m JIBBBH COCTaBJIJleT :t: 0,3 M.
HaTJlmHble pOJIBKB npB nOMOm;H npBBOAa II AaT'lHKa 4 06eCnellBBaIOT nOAallY
TKaBII AJIJI Ay6JIllpOBaBIIJI npll nOCTOJlBBOM YCBJIBB BaTJlmeBBJI 1700 H/nOJIOTBo.
,I\JIJI 1(eBTpBpOBaBBJI TRaBB npBMeBeBa CBCTeMa KOBCTpyK
B ORB «(TenJIOaBTOMaT».
PeryJIBPYIOm;Bi opraB (KapeTRa) 5 H cJIeAJ{m;HB: AaTlIHK 6 paaMem;eHbl MemAY
YCTpOB:CTBOM AJIJI paCKpOJI TRaBB II Ay6JIIIPYIOm;BMH 6apa6aBaMlf 9, 10. TaKOB:
me cBCTeMOB: 1(eBTpBPYeTCJI CepAe'IBHK OTBOCIITeJIbBO OCeBOB: JIBBIIB M8DIllHW
nepeA BXOAOM B Ay6JIBpYIOm;ne 6apa6aBbl.
HaTJlmeBlle CepAellBHKa nepeA Ay6JIBPYIOm;HMB 6apa6aBaMH YBeJIHlIBBaeTCJI
Ba 1700 H/nOJIOTBO (nponOp1(1I0BaJIbBO lIBCJIY npOKJIaAOK) II n01(AepmBBaeTCJI
nOCTOJlBBWM B npeAeJIaX AJIIIBbl OABOH npOKJIaAKII npll nOMOm;n npBBOAa BaTJliK-
Boro 6apa6aBa II AaT'lBKOB BaTJlmeB1lJl 8. 3a Ay6JIBPYIOm;HMB 6apa6aBaMB sa ClIeT
cB060ABoro BblXOAa CepAellBBKa B BIIAe neTJIII paCTJlrUBaIOm;He BanpJlmeBBJI CBBMa-
IOTCJI. TpaBCnOpTHpOBaBBe CepAellBBKa lIepes Ay6JIBpOBOllBytO MamBBY BOKpyr
nOBOpOTBblX 6apa6aBoB 06eCnellBBaeTCJI npOTJlrBBaIOm;HM1I BaJIKaMB 22, a BaTJlme-
BBe CepAellBBKa MemAY aTIIMH BaJIKaMH B BaTJlmHblM 6apa6aBoM 34 n01(AepmB-
BaeTCJI MBBBMaJIbBWM cBCTeMOB: npBBOAa BaJIKOB B AaT'lBKOB 32. nJIaBaIOm;HB:
pOJIHK 11 B TOpMOSBble pOJIBKB 13 nOCTOJIBBO n01(AepmBBaIOT sanac cB060ABOH
neT JIB cePAe'IBBKa. POJIHKB 13 npBBoAa Be IIMeIOT, TOpMOSBoii MOMeBT COSAaeTCJI
AIICKOBblM
PHK
OBOM.
npll nYCKe MamllBbl B pa60TY BallaJIO nepBOB: npOKJIaAJ(B nponYCKaeTCJI 'lepes
YCTPOHCTBO AJIJI paCKpOJI TKaBII, 1(eBTpllpytOm;ne pOJIJlJm5 nOA nOABJITHM 6apa6aBOM
. 9, BOKpyr Bcex nOBopOTHblX 6apa6aBoB AO sanpaBOllBOrO YCTpoicTBa 24, nOA
KOTOpYM OCTaBOBHJIOCb npOTJlrllBaIOm;ee YCTpoicTBO 23. H8'l8JIO npOKJIaAKH YKJIa-
AWBaeTCJI cBepxy Ba 60KOBHBY YCTpOB:CTBa TaK, lIT06
npll BamaTHII BanpaBHTeJIeM
sanpaBOllBOrO YCTpoicTB8 Ba AepmaTeJIII 6pyc nOA AeB:CTBlleM CBJIW npymBB nepe-
MeCTIIJICJI B BrJIW 6pyca npOllBO SaKpeDJIJIH TRaBb. I(enB 30 nepeMem;aIOTCJI OT
npllBOAa npOTJlrIlBaIOm;BX BaJIKOB.
,I\aJIee BKJIIOlIaIOTCJI npBBOAY MamHHbl B npOAOJImaeTCJI sanpaBKa nepBoi npo-
. KJIaAKII AO saMWKaBBJI KOJIb1(a sa Ay6JIIIPYIOm;HM 6apa6aBoMI0, rAesy61faTble ceK-
TOpW CBOIDIH KOB1(aMII Ba6eraIOT Ba KYJI8'IROBble ynoPbl, nepeMem;aIOT 6pyc, OAIIO-
BpeMeBBO oCB060mAaJl TRaBb C BrJI. npOTJlrllBaIOm;ee YCTpOB:CTBO BO B3BeAeBBO){
COCTOJIBBII nepeMem;aeTCJI nOA sanpaBOllBOe YCTpOB:CTBO. B MOMeBT sanpaBKH nepBOB:
npOKJIaARB npBBOAoM B npll saMaTWBaBlI1I rOTOBoro CepAellBBKa B PYJIOB Ba saKa-
TO'IBOM CTaBKe CKOpOCTb pa60Tbl npllBOAa 6apa6aBa 10 B npBBOAa 26 BaJIKOB 22
COrJIaCOBblBaeTCJI npH BSalfMOAeicTBBH nJIaBaIOm;ero pOJIHKa 11 C CeJIbCHB-perYJIJI-
TOpOM 12.
tIBCJIO npOKJIaAOK B CepAellBBKe onpeAeJIJleTCJI no lIBCJIY npoxomp;eBBJI MeABOB:
nJIaCTIIBKB (
brB) B8A npll60poM 95. nJIaCTIIBKa BaKJIaAWBaeTCJI Ba BallaJIO
nepBoi npOKJI8AJ(B. OABoBpeMeBBo 3Ta me
JIbra OTMellaeT MeCTO CTblKa npoKJIaAOK,
no KOTOPOMY AOJImBO paspeSaTbCJI KOJIb1(O CepAellBIIKa.
npH npoxomAeBBII
OJIbrB BaA npB60poM 35 B CBCTeMY npBBOAa 6apa6aH3
34 nOAaeTCJI CBrBaJI Ba YBeJIBlIeBlle BaTJlmeBIIJI CepAellBHKa Ba BeJIB'lBBY BaTJlme-
BIIJI nOA8BaeMOB: TKaBB (1700 H/nOJIOTBo); 3TO BaTJlmeBBe YAepmJIBaeTCJI AO CoTle-
,JJ;yIOm;ero npOXomAeBIIJI
OJIbrB. npB npOXomAeBBB
JIbrll BaA BTOpblM npB60pOM
B KOB
eBOB: lIaCTII MamllBW nOCJIe Ay6JIBpOBaBIIJI Re06XOAIIMoro 'lHCJIa npOKJIaAOK
BblAaeTCJI CBrBaJI Ba OCTaBOB npBBOAOB MamBBW B onycKaBBe Bomei npo,«OJIbBOrO
459
1'1 15 16 f7
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lfaTlDfCeRIIJI; $ - lIeHTPRPyJO
e pomD(R; 6 - DIleBIIIOllaT'lBJ(; 'I -
eBTPRPyJOlqIdt poJDIK; 8 - DOBOPOTIIId
POJIHK; 12 - ceJlbClIR-peryJJllTOp; 13 - TOplll08Rh1e POJIIIIW; 14 - DOIIIIepH<HBIIDIqIdt POJIBR; 18 - 811H<DJ1:
ROK; 19 - pynoR C DpoKJIaIlo'lROll TKaRhIO; 20 - I1yGnHpyJOlltlle POJlHlCll; 21 -lIIeXaBJI8l1 DPOIIOJlhlfolt peao;
2$ - MeXaJDI8111 DODepnaoro peaa; 26 - DPRBOII DpoTIIl'HBaIO
X ..end H JJpOTJU'HBlIDlltd Daphl; n - Jle-
82 - .IIaT'IJIR HaTSlareHIUI; 88 - DPB1KIDIIIoll POJIBK; 84 - HaTSl1f(ROIL GapaGaa; 8S - DPHGop IIJIII )'BaBmIBlIHIDI
Boro TOKa lIepes CBCTeMY sy611aTwx nepeAall. npH BamaTHH 060Aa 6apa6aBa Ba
pOJIHK B nOBOAOK lIepes Orpan:B'lHTeJIb meCTepBJI nepeMem;aeT peB:KY, OrnpWBaJl
rneSAO AJIJI 1(an
nOAAepmBBaIOm;HX POJIBKOB. POJIBKH COeAHBeHbl AByMJI napaJIJIeJIb-
BbIMH KaBaTaMH, KOTOpWe BaMaTbIBaIOTCJI Ba 6apa6aBW. npBBOA 6apa6aBOB C MY
OB:
CKOJIbmeBHJI 06eCne'IBBaeT nOCTOJIBBOe BaTJlmeBHe KaBaTOB. '
Ha KapKace MamHHbl nOA BanpaBJIJlIOm;BMH peiKaMH yCTaBOBJIeBW OrpaBB'lH-
TeJIB AJIBBW. OrpaBB'lHTeJIb BWnOJIBeB B BBAe ynopa, BWABBraeMOrO aJIeKTpOMarBB-
TOM Ba nYTH ABnmeB1lJl KapeTKB. 'Y CTpOB:CTBO, 3aAaIOm;ee AJIHBy, yCTaBOBJIeBO Ba
nyJIbTe ynpaBJIeBBJI. HSMeBeBBe AJIBBW OCym;eCTBJIJleTCJI OABOBpeMeBBO C Ay6JIBPO-
BaBBeM CepAellB1lKa H SaMaTWBaBBeM ero B PYJIOH.
npH yMeBbmeBBB AJIBBW CepAellBHKa CKOpOCTb saMaTWBaBBJI npeBWmaeT
CKOpOCTb Ay6JIJ1poBaBHJI Ba BeJIH'lBBY ABOHBOB: CKOpOCTB ABBmeBBJI KapeTKB.
npH 3TOM npBBOAOM 28 06eCne'IBBaeTCJI nepeMem;eBBe nOAAepmBBaIOII(BX pOJIBKOB
BBYTPb MaIIDIBW. 3a2RHMY oCB060mAaIOT OCH pOJIBKOB npH BOSAeB:CTBIIH 060Aa
6apa6aBa Ba nOBOAOK. llpB YBeJIB'leBHD AJIDBW CepAellBBKa BSaBMOAeB:CTBHe Mexa-
BH3MOB npOHCXOAHT B 06paTBOB: nOCJIeAOBaTeJIbBOCTIf.
npll nOCTOJIBBOB AJIBBe BenoABBmBoe COCTOJIBBe KapeTKH 06eCnellllBaeTCJI
3JIeKTpOMarBBTBWM TOpMOSOM npBBOAa nepeMem;eBBJI.
. 'YnpaBJIeBHe Ay6JIBpOBO'IB0B: MamBBOB: ocym;eCTBJIJleTCJI C ABYX rJIaBBWX
nYJIbTOB ynpaBJIeBHJI, yCTaBOBJIeBBWX B rOJIOBBOH H KOB1(eBOi lIaCTJlX MamBBW.
OTAeJIbBbIe MexaBBSMW ynpaBJIJlIOTCJI C MeCTBbIX nYJIbTOB.
TeXBH'leCKaJl xapaKTepBCTBKa JIBBHH B Ay6JIHpOBOllBOB: MamHBbI npHBeAeBa
Hllme:
AnHBa CepAe'lHHJ(a (perynopyeM8JI), M . .
mar perynHpoBaHBH p;noRH Cepp;e'lHUKa, M
mOpHBa cepp;e'l1DlJ(a, MM. . . . . . . . .
lIOCJlO upoKn
OK B Cepp;e'lHHKe . . . . .
Pa60'laH p;nHBa ponHKoB H 6apa6aaoB, MM . . . . . . . . .
A08MeTp 6apa6aHoB Ay6J1opOBO'IHOi MamHBI>I, MM . . . . . .
CKOpOCTI> COBM9CTBOB pa60TN KaJI8B,Qpa R Ay6nDpOBO'IHOi
M8DlHBI>I, M/
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HaTHmeHBe TKIiBB B Cepp;e'lHBKa, H/uOJloTHO
B KOMueHcaTOpe . . . . . . . . . . . .
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t80-220
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CepAellBHKa peSBBOBYMII CJIOJlMH, yCIIJIeBHe ero 60pTOB. 3T0 Onepa1(HJI Ba OTelle-
CTBeBBWX saBOAax PTH OCym;eCTBJIJleTCJI Ba arperaTaX C 1fempeXBaJIKOBYM 06KJIa-
AOllBWM KaJIaBAPOM. ArperaT COCTOBT 06WlIBO BS paCKaTOllBOrO CTaBKa AJIJI pas-
MaTWBaBBJI CepAellBBKa, 06KJIaAOllBOrO KaJIaBApa, MexaBBSMa AJIJI YCBJIeBBll
60pTa, KaMepW nJIJI onYAPBBaBBJI
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BaBBH cePAe'IBBKa npOKJIaAOllBbli
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npOKJIaAOllBLIi XOJICT BCnOJIbSYeTCJI
TOJIbKO B KOB1(e pyJIOBa (10-15 M).
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600 MM, AJIJlBa pa601leB: lIaCTH BaJI-
KOB 1730 MM., MOm;BOCTb 8JIeKTpo-
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BBX BaJIKOB - BPY'IBYIO. CepAell-
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lIeTblpeXBaJIKOBOM KaJIaDApe npHMeBJleTCJI yCTaBoBKa ABCKOBWX BOmeB: co cneAJI-
m;BM npBBOAOM (pHC. 13.12). Y CTaBOBKa COCTOHT BS ABCKOBblX BepXBBX II B1ImBBX
BOmeB: 1, 2, yCTaBOBJIeBHblX B BOmeBOB: KapeTKe 3. Ha 8TOB: KapeTKe SaKpenJIeB
CJIeAJlII(BB: pOJIBK 4, cB060ABO KallaIOII(BicJI BOKpyr OCB 5. XBOCTOBJIK 6 npH Kalla-
BHH pOJIlIKa BamHMaeT nOOllepeABO Ba MlIKpOnepeKJIIOlIaTeJIH 7. POJIBK nOAmH-
MaeTCJI K KpaIO CepAellBBKa npYmBBoB: 8. HomeBble KapeTKH nepeMem;aroTCJI no
BanpaBJIJlIOm;eB: 9 XOAOBYM BHBTOM 10 lIepes 1(eDBYIO nepeAallY 11 B peAYKTOp 12
OT peBepCIIBBoro 3JIeKTpOABBraTeJIJI nepeMeBBoro TOKa 13. nepeMem;eBlle KapeTOK
OrpaBH'lBBaeTCJI KOBellBWMII BWKJIIOlIaTeJIJlMB 14,15. Bce YSJIW H AeTaJIB yCTaBoBKH
MOBTlfPYIOTCJI Ba ABYX KpoBmTeiiBax 16 K OOKOBWM CTaBBBaM KaJIaBApa.
18
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9 - RanpaBJllllOlI{aa; 10 - :10110801 BBBT; 11 - lIeDBlUI
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· B BaCTOH ee BpeMJI r-06paaBL1i KaJI p 600 X t730 MM Be mOYCKaeTCII, OB aaueBeu
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COKoi TeKyqecTH peSHBW, saTeM JleBTa npeccyeTcJI nOA BWCOKBM AaBJleBHeM. ,AaJlee
npOHSBOAHTCJI nOAnpeCCOBKa, T. e. nJIBTW npecca paSMWKaIOTCJI Ba BeCKOJIbKO
MHJIJIDMeTpOB H cpasy me CMWKaIOTCJI nOA AeHCTBueM BWCOKoro AaBJleB1lR.
B paMHblX H KOJlOBBWX npeccax B KalleCTBe TenJlOBOCBTeJIJI HCnOJIbSYIOT nap
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ycaAJ(y HSAeJIHB: nocJle BYJlKaBHSa HH, AJlJI lIero nepeA BwrpYSKoi HS npecca
JIeBTW OXJlamAaIOT npBMepBO AO 100 °C. 3Ta Onepa1(HJI npoDsBOAHTCJI nYTeM no-
AallH oXJIamAaIOm;ei BOAY B nJIBTW npecca. OXJlamAeBHe JleBTW B nJlHTaX Beo6-
XOABMO TaKme AJlJI Toro, lIT06w Hs6emaTb BcnYllHBaBHJI H nOJlBJIeBHJI nyswpei,
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H B03BHKBOBeBHe BanpJlmeBHJI B nJIBTax BCJIeACTBHe peSKHX KOJIe6aBHD TeMne-
paTYpw.
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C3B OTelleCTBeBBwe 3aBOAW PTlI OCBam;aIOTCJI npeccaMH HpMW «feBpHX
Pay) (f,AP).
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2,0; 2,5 H 2,9. llPH peAyI(BpOBaBHH AaBJIeBHJI Ba BHX MorYT 6WTb USrOTOBJIeBW
H 60JIee YSKHe JIeBTW. AJIJlBa pa601leB: lIaCTH nJIHT 10 M. ,AaBJIeBHe npeCCOBaBHJI
paBBO 2,5-4,0 Mna. nJIDTW BarpeBaIOTCR BOAOB:, BMeIOm;eH TeMnepaTYPY AO
180 °C H BaXOAJlm;eB:CJI nOA AaBJIeBUeM AO 2 Mlla.
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MaeTcJl10-12 paMaMH HS CTaJIbBOrO JIHCTa C Bwpe3aMH AJIJI SaKpenJIeBUJI BepXBero
H BHmBero CTOJIOB H rJIaBBWX I(HJIHBAPOB. CTOJIW BWnOJIBeBW CBapBW fH, COTO-
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DJIHT npeABaSHalleBW AJIJI KPyroBoro OXJIamAeBUR. B KamAOD nJIJlTe HMeeTCR
J1J1Tb SOB BarpeBa, lITO 06eCne'IHBaeT paBBOMepHblB: BarpeB nOBepXBOCTH nJIHT.
B nepcneKTUBe npeAnOJIaraeTCJI YBeJIH'lHTb AHaMeTp OTBepCTHD KaBaJIOB, YMeBb-
mHTb paCCTOJlBHe MemAY BBMH H YBeJIHlIUTb lIHCJIO SOH BarpeBa, lITO AaCT BOS-
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6HTbCJI 60JIee 6WCTporo nporpeBaBHJI BBYTpeBBUX CJIOeB JIeBTili.
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BeD BarpeBaTeJIbBOB: nJIUTe lIepes BenOABUmBWB: pacnpeAeJIUTeJIbHblB: TPy60-
npOBO.A, a B BHmBeB: - lIepes pacnpeAeJIBTeJIbBWB: TPy60npoBOA H TeJIeCKODB'leCKHe
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11 CTeKJIJIBBOrO BOJIoi<Ba, npOnBTaBBblX CMOJIOB:. 3aMWKaBHe nJIHT npecca npous-
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BTYJIKa - MBOrOCJIOHBaJi 6pOBSOBaJl; nJIyBmep CAeJIaB HS KOBaBOB: CTaJIH, pa601laR
nOBepxBOCTb nOJIHpOBaBBaJl. YCHJIUe npeCCOBaBHJI cosAaeTCJI rJIaBBWMH 1(HJIBB-
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llOJIBpOBaBBwe nJIyumepw C MBOrOCJIOB:BYMH 6POBSOBWMH BanpaBJIJlIOm;UMH BTYJI-
KaMH H peSHBOBWMH MaBmeTaMH C TKaBeBOD npOCJIOBKOB: XOpOillO sapeKOMeBAOBaJIH
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AaBJIeBHeM - 2,5 Mna B BWCOKBM - 25 Mna. B KalleCTBe rHApaBJIB'leCKOB:
mHAKOCTH npHMeBJleTCJI BOAa C npHcaAKoD 8MYJIbraTOpa, KOTOpWB: JlBJIJleTCJI CMas-
KOB: AJIR BanpaBJIJlIOm;HX nJIyBmepOB, ynJIOTBeB1lD B AeTaJIeB: KJIanaBOB. llpeccw
.o60PYAYIOTCJI HBAHBHAyaJIbBWM rHApaBJIHlIeCKBM npHBOAOM, COCTOJlm;HM HS CTpoeB-
Boro BarBeTaTeJIbBOrO Bacoca, KOMnpeccopa H rHApaBJIH'leCKOrO aKKYMYJIJlTOpa.
nOABOA DBTaBHJI K nOABHmBblM JIUBApaM npecCOBaBHJI ocym;ecTBJIJleTCJI lIepes
mapBupHble TPy6Bwe CoeABBeBUJI. B nepcneKTHBe npeAYCMOTpeB nepexOA Ba rH6-
Kue mJIaBrB.
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mHAKOCTb B1ISKOrO AaBJIeHUJI. OABOBpeMeBBo OBa nocTynaeT B rJIaBHble
I(HJIBBAPW lIepes KJIanaBW SanOJIBeBHJI 6es AaBJIeBUJI. npH nOJIBOM saMWKa-
BBB nJI:BT BKJIIOlIaeTCJI BWCOKoe AaBJIeIiHe. 3TOT MeTOA AeilleBJIe, lIeM 3anOJIBe-
HHe HJIHBAPOB nOA AaBJIeBHeM, TaK KaK AJIJI 60JIbilleD lIaCTH XOJIOCTOrO XOAa
DJIBT pacXOAYeTCR JIHWb Be3BallHTeJIbBOe KOJIH'leCTBO BOAW nOA AaBJIeBueM.
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paBBOMepBOrO xOAa.
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AO 15 MM. YCTPOB:CTBO BKJIIOlIaeT sy611aTwe peUKH, SaKpenJIeBBWe B8: 60Ko-BUBaX
nJIHTW, OT KOTOpWX npHBOAJlTCJI 8KCI(eBTpHKOBWe KYJIallKH, pacnpeAeJIeBBWe no
Bceu AJIBBe Dpecca. nepeMem;eBue peB:KH ocym;eCTBJIJleTCJI OT rHAPOI(HJIUHApa.
RYJIallKH BOSBpam;aIOTCJI B nepBOHallaJIbBOe nOJIOmeBHe nOA AeUCTBHeM BOSBpaTBWX
npymBB.
llpeccw OCBam;aIOTCJI SamBMBWM H SamBMBO-paCTJlmBWM YCTpOB:CTBaMH.
ROBTpOJIb TeMnepaTypBoro pemulda BYJIKaBHSaI(HH ocym;eCTBJIJleTCJI saMepOM
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6 9
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Pac. 13.20. Dpecc cJiapMH .fes-
PBX Pay.;
1 - paMa; 2, 3 - BcpXJIIIA B RIDI{-
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caMoDBCeI( perHcTpHpyeT pesYJIbTaTW HSMepeBHJI TeMnepaTYpw B DJlTB 30Bax
.II BY'lepllHBaeT rpa HK A8BJIeBUJI npeCCOBaBHJI. YnpaBJIeBHe Dpecca DpOHSBOAUTCR
C rJIaBBorO nYJIbTa B aBTOMaTH'leCKOM HJIJI pyqBOM pemBMe.
Ha pUC. 13.20 nOKasaB 06m;nB: BHA npecca «feBpHx Pay». TeXBB'leCKH9
xapaKTepHCTHKH pJlAa npeCCOB AaBW B Ta6JI. 13.2.
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TKaBeB: nOCJIe BYJIKaBHsaI(HH AaIOT ycaAKY. Y cTpaBeBue ycaAJ(H OXJIamAeBHeM
B Dpecce CBHmaeT npOHSBOABTeJIbBOCTb npecca AO 40% H npHBOAUT K CBHmeBUIO
ero cpOKa cJIym6w.
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nOA BaTJlmeBHeM. B YCTaBOBKe C BaTJlmHblMH ry6KaMH (pHC. 13.21, a) nOCJIe
BYJIKaBHSaI(HH OTpeSKa JIeBm DOCJIeABJlJI nepeMem;aeTCJI SaKaTOllBYM CTaBKOM 4
Ba AJIHBy npecca. 3amBMBOe YCTpOB:CTBO 5 H BaTJlmBWe ry6KH 9 SamBMaIOT JIeBTY
H BWTJlrHBaIOT Ba Be06xoAJIMYIO BeJIB'lHBY, nOCJIe lIero npecc saKpWBaeTCJI, H DpO-
HCXOAHT BYJIKaBHsa1(HJI. JleBTY MomBO BYTJlrBBaTb nOCJIeAOBaTeJIbBO: yqacToK
AJIJI BYJIKaBHSaI(HH MemAY YCTpOB:CTBaMH 5 H 6 U yqacToK AJIJI OXJIamAeBHJI MemAY
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- YBeJIJI'IeBHJI cpOKa cJIym6w npecca. Y CTaBOBKa paSpa60TaBa B qCCP.
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6aUOBeTHblM saTBopoM 8 C rHAP01(HJIBBApaMB 9. HHmRJIJl1o. H BepXBJIJI 11 UJIHTW
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31- 483
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SOM B 3JIeKTpOnpBBOAOM, BSMeBJleTCJI paSMep neTJIB B BaTJlmBWX YCTpOHCTBax.
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12-60
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30-500
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. 3500
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3970
1785
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484
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TKaBH Ba C60POllHblii 6apa6aB BallHBaeTCJI co CJIOJl CmaTBJI. ROPAWBYPOBble npB-
BOABble KJIBBOBble peMBB c06BpaIOTCJI MeToAoM 06paTBoii C60PKB, T. e. MaTepB8JIW
Ha C60POllBblB: 6apa6aB BaKJIaAblBaIOTCJI, BallllHaJi co CJIOJl paCTJlmeBBJI.
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YCTpOB:CTBa 10, BosAyxonpoBoAa 11, paMW BomeBoH K8peTKB 12, npBBOAa XOAO-
Boro BBBTa BomeBOH KapeTKH 13, BomeBOH KapeTKB 14.
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COJlbBO KpenJlTCJI KpoBmTeiBw npHKaT'lIIKa 4 B BaJI C60pOllBOrO 6apa6aBa. llJIJlTa
BMeeT BanpaBJIJlIOm;:o:e AJIJI nepeMem;eBBJI paMbl HOmeBOB: KapeTKH 12.
Bo BpeMJI pa60Tw CTaBKa KOBCOJIbBWH KOBeI( BaJIa C60pOllBOrO 6apa6aBa
nOMepmJIBaeTCJI nBeBMOI(eBTpOM OTKHABOH CTOB:KB 2. llOA'beM B onYCKaBHe CToiKJI
ocym;ecTBJIJlIOTCJI DBeBMO JIBBAPOM. B BepXBeM pa601leM nOJIOmeBBB cToiKa
HKcHpyeTCJI nBeBMaTH'leCKBM KJIHBOM. Ha cToiKe SaKpenJIeB KOBellBWii BHRJIIO-
lIaTeJIb, KOTOpbli 6JIOKHpyeT BEJlIOlIeBBe CTaHKa npB OTmaTOM DHeBMOn;eHTpe.
llpBKaT'lBK 4 (MaccBBHWB: pOJIHK) pacnOJIOmeB BaA C60POllBWM 6apa6aBOM.
OB COCTOHT HS BacameBHblX Ba peSBHOBwe SBeSAOllKH CTaJIbBWX KOJIeI(, lITe 06ecne-
lIHBaeT paBBOMepBYIO npBKaTKY CJIOeB peSBBW B TKaB1l no BCeB: AJIBBe C60pOllBOrO
6apa6aBa. llpHKaT'lHK nOABBMaeTCJI H onycKaeTcJI nBeBMOI(BJIBBAPOM; B BepXB9M
nOJIOmeBHH OB BKcBpyeTcJI npeAoxpaBBTeJIbBblM YCTpoicTBOM 10. llOJIOmeBBe
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BpyqBYIO MaXOBB'lKOM MexaBBSMa nOA'beMa npBKaT'lBKa 6 lIepes napy KOBH'leCKBX
weCTepeB B BHBTOByIO nepeAallY,
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pa6aBa Bbl6paH TpexCKOpOCTBOH aCBBXpOBBblB: eKTpOABBraTeJlb 9 TBna A02-
61-8/6/4 MOm;BOCTbIO 3,8/4,8/6,0 KBT C lIaCTOTOH Bpam;eBHJI 710/950/1420 06/MHB.
OnepaI(HH BaBBBKB KOPAwBypa B peSKB I(JIJIBHAPH'leCKOB: sarOTOBKB Ba
cePAellBBKIl KJ.{BBOBHX peMBeii ocym;eCTBJIJlIOTCJI BOmeBOB: KapeTKoH 14, KOTOpaJi
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BJIJlIOm;BM CTOJIa paMbl 12 BOmeBOB: KapeTKB. llepeMem;eBBe BomeBOH KapeTKH
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Ba XOAOBOM BUTe. HaBHBOllBOe npBcnoc06JIeBHe 3 pacnOJIOmeBO CJIeBa Ba cToHKe
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pacnpOCTpaHeBBe npB 06paTBOM cnoc06e C60PKII peMBeH nOJIyqHJIa peSKa saro-
TOBKB OABBM nrYPBblM BomOM, YCTaHaBJIBBaeMWM BOpMaJIbBO K DOBepXBOCTB
6apa6aBa, BO BMeIOm;HM TPH pemym;:o:x JIeSBBJI. llepeMem;eB1le BOmeBOB: KapeTKH
Ba WBpBBy pes a sarOTOBKH peMBJI npOBSBOABTCJI BpyqBYIO Bpam;eBHeM Maxo-
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llOA'beM B onYCKaB1le npBKaTOllBOrO pOJIHKa (npBKaT'lBKa), nOA'beM H ony-
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485
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958
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BaJIa 6apa6aB& OCym;eCTBJIJlIOTCJI nBeBMaTBlIeCKB (C PYllBWM KpaBOBWM ynpaBJIe-
BBeM).
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BKJIIOlIeBBe CTaBKa OT neAaJIB npeAYCMOTpeBO JIHmb B OABY CTOPOBY - «BnepeA».
CePAe'IHBKB KJIBBOBWX peMBeB: AJIBBOB: OT 3320 AO 15500 MM no BBYTpeBJleMY
ADaMeTPY B3rOTaBJIBBaIOT Ba YCTaBoBKe CRp':'2AY-65 (pBC. 14.4). PeMBB (TOJIbKO
KOPATKaBeBoi KOBCTpyKI(BB) Ba 3TOB: yCTaBoBKe BSrOTaBJIBBaIOTCJI MeTOAOM npJlMOH
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meBW 8J1eKTpOMarB1lTBWMB My aMB. (]>BKCaI(BJI TeJIemKIf Ba peJIbCOBOM nYTIf
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onpOKBAbIBaBBe TeJIemKB npB BaTJlmeBBB I(IfJIHBAPH'leCKOB: sarOTOBKB (BBKeJIJI).
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Mem;eBBe KapeijB no BanpaBJIJlIOII1.BM TeJIemKB. CKOpOCTb nepeltlem;eBBJI TeJIemKH
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TeJIemKa BYBOCBOrO 6apa6aBa yCTaBaBJIBBaeTCJI nepeA ynOpOM, COOTBeTCTBYIOII1.IDI
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orB6aeTCJI BOKpyr Bero, B CB060ABwi KOBeI( ero SanpaBJIJleTCJI nOA BepXBIOIO
BeTBb Ba C60pO'IBOM 6apa6aBe. OnYCKaeTCJI npBKaT'lBK; Ba c60pO'IBWB: B BWBOCBOii
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pOBaBBOB: pesJlBw paSBWX KaJIB6pOB B BMeIOT JlBABBBAyaJIbBWB: npBBOA. DJlTWB:
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pesHBeBBoi TKaBB.
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487
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8
5500
9700
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pem.COBwt DyTb; $ - 38.11RHe KaTKH TeJleIRKH; (J - DO.ll'heNRbIe ynOPhl;
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1039
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CTaJIIoUYIO TPy6y, yCTaBOBJIeBUYIO B mapHKonOAmBnBIfKax Ba ABYX onopax. POJIHK
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maru: HaBBBKH, MM ..............
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24
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11M C'beMa cePIle'lHHKOB C uapa6aHa; 7 - pCJJhCbl.
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C pyqBMM ItpaHOBbIM ynpaBJIenHeM. CTaHEI:Ia 1 npe,nCTaBJIJleT C060H nJIHTY, Ba
KOTOpO:B: YCTaBOBJIeHbJ CTO:B:Ka aaAHero I(eBTpa H Kopnyc; B nOCJIeAHeM paSMem;eHbl
nepeABHH I(eHTp H npHBO,n 6apa6aBa. 3a,nBHH eHTp npeACTaBJIJleT C060H Kopnyc 2,
YCTaBOBJIeBBbIB: Ba CTOHKe CTaHHHhl. l\opnyc HMeeT D;HJIHHAPH'IecKyIO DOJIOCTb,
B KOTOpOB: nOMem.eHa nHBOJIb 3. BBYTPH nHBOJID YCTaHOBJIeB mlIHHAeJIb Ba POJIH-
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491
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mTOKOM nBeBMOI(BJIBBApa. ,AJIJI npeAOTBpam;eBBJI paSmHMaBBJI D;eBTpOB B npo1(eCCe
C60PKH H npBKaTKB SarOTOBKB (npB naAeBBB AaBJIeBBJI CmaTOrO BosAyxa B 1(B- ·
JIHBApe) B KOBCTPYKI(BB YSJIa npeAycMoTpeB SaMOK, BKCBpYIOm;BH nBBOJIb
C D;eHTpOM B BWABHBYTOM nOJIOmeBBB.
llepeABHH I(eBTp npeACTaBJIJleT C060H CTaKaB 4, YCTaBOBJIeBBWB: B Kopnyce
CTaBBBW. BHYTPH CTaKaBa Ba pOJIBKOBWX nOAmBnBBKax nOMem;eB mnBBAeJIb 5,
Ba XBOCTOBOB: lIaCTB KOToporo 3aKpenJIeBa mJIBI(eBaJl BTYJIKa, nepeAaIOm.aJl mnBB-
AeJIIO Bpam;eBHe OT BaJIa YSJIa npBBOAa. B nepeABeB: lIaCTH mnBBAeJIJI BaXOAHTCJI
I(eHTp AJIJI samHMa B I(eBTpBpOBaBBJI 6apa6aBa. Ha saABeM KOB1(e CTaKaBa, BBBSy,
SaKpenJIeB Ba naJIbI(e pOJIBK. 3TOT pOJIBK nOMem;eB B KYJIallKOBYIO npopesb nJIBTW,
KOTOpaJi SaKpenJIeBa Ba nBeBMOI(BJIBBApe 6.
llBeBMOI(BJIHBAP yCTaBOBJIeB Ba ABYX I(BJIIfHAPBlIeCKBX BanpaBJIJlIOm;BX B
MomeT nepeABHraTbCJI no BHM, nOTOMY lITO ero mTOK npHKpenJIeB K Kopnycy. Ta-
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KOBOB: npopesB B nJIBTe c006m;aeTcJI nocTynaTeJIbBOe ABBmeBHe cTaKaBY, KOTOpWB:
ocym;ecTBJIJleT OnepaI(HIO samBMa BJIB pasmHMaBBJI 6apa6aBa B I(eBTpax.
llpBBOA CTaBKa npeACTaBJIJleT C060H meCTepeBlIaTWB: nepe60p, KJIBBOpe-
MeBBYIO nepeAa'lY 8 H aJIeKTpOABBraTeJIb 9 nOCTOJlBBOrO TOKa TBna ll-42 C ABana-
SOBOM perYJIBpOBaBBJI lIaCTOTW Bpam;eBBJI OT 1800 AO 500 06/MBB.
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MaTBlIeCKB B 3aBBCBMOCTH OT AHaMeTpa 6apa6aHa. PerYJIBpOBaBBe lIaCTOTbl Bpam;e-
HBJI 3JIeKTpOABBraTeJIJI npOHSBOAHTCJI 6eCKOBTaKTBWM CeJIbCBBOM THna B,A-501,
KOTOpWB: YCTaBOBJIeB Ba BaJIY npBKaTlIBKa.
3arpysKa 6apa6aBa Ba CTaBOK npOBSBOABTCJI C TeJIemKB npB nOMOm;B pWlIarOB
8 C npHBOAOM OT nBeBMOI(BJIBBApa 7 (CM. pBC. 14.8)..
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lIaTeJIJlMH B KBonKaMH.
IIoAalla KaJIaBAPOBaBBOB: peSBBW H npopeSlIBeBBOB: TKaBIf npOB3BOABTCJI
C nBTaTeJIJI HPO-7220-A, cxeMa YCTaBOBKB KOToporo co CTaBKOM AJIJI C60PKH saro-
TOBKH HPO-7210-A nOKa3aBa Ba pBC. 14.8. B npOI(eCce nHTaBBJI nOAaBaeMwH
MaTepBaJi npBBYABTeJIbBO CMaTWBaeTCJI C 606BBW 1 BMeCTe C npOKJIaAOllBWM XOJI-
CTOM H BanpaBJIJleTCJI Ba JIOTKB 2. Ha KpaHBeM pOJIBKe 3 JIOTKa XOJICT OTAeJIJleTCJI
OT nOAaBaeMoro MaTepBaJIa H lIepes BanpaBJIJlIOm.BB: pOJIBK 4 nocTynaeT Ba npBeM-
BYIO 606BBY 5, BaAeTYIO Ba 3aKaTOllBWB: mnBBAeJIb. 3aKaTwBaBBe XOJICTa npOBS-
BOAHTCJI Bpam;eHBeM pOJIBKa 6, Ba KOTOpOM cB060ABO JIemBT mnBBAeJIb C 606HBOH.
YnpaBJIeBHe nOAa'!eB: KaJIaBAPOBaBBOB: pe3BBW K C60pOllBOMY 6apa6aBY ocym.e-
CTBJIJleTCJI np-B nOMOm;B neAaJIB, YCTaBOBJIeBBOB: Y pa601lero MeCTa CTaBKa AJIJI
C60PKB sarOTOBOK peMBei.
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HPO-7230-A, cxeMa KOToporo nOKa3aBa Ba pBC. 14.9. CTaBoK COCTOBT B3 CTaBBBW
1, nBTaTeJIJI 2, nepeABero D;eBTpa 3, saABero I(eBTpa 4, cynnopTa 5. 3aKpenJIeBBe
6apa6aBa npOBSBOAHTCJI npH nOMOm;B nBeBMaTBlIeCKBX 3aABero H nepeABero I(eBT-
pOB, KOBCTPYKI(HJI KOTOpLIX aBaJIOrBlIBa KOBCTPYKI(BH I(eBTpOB CTaBKa HPO-7210-A.
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nepeMem;aIOm;erOCJI no BanpaBJIJlIOm;HM CTaBHBH raB:KOH XOAOBoro BBBTa, CBJl3aH-
BOB: C cynnopTOM. OCTaBOB cynnopTa B KpaB:BHX nOJIOmeBBJlX npOBSBOABTCII OT
KOHellHWX BWKJIIOlIaTeJIeB: 7, YCTaBOBJIeBBWX Ba CTaBBBe.
IIpBBOA 6apa6aBa paSMem;eB B Kopnyce CTaBBBW B COCTOBT BS 3JIeKTpOABHra-
TeJIJI nOCTOJlHBOrO TOKa, peMeBBOB: H 3y611aTOB: nepeAa'!. TIpBBOA 6apa6aBa peBep-
CBBBWB:, noaToMY OnepaI(BJI BaBHBKB KOPAmBypa Ba 6apa6aB MomeT npoBsBo-
AHTbCJI KaK npB ABBmeBBB cynnopTa CJIeBa BanpaBo, TaK B npB nepeMem;eBBB ero
B 06paTBOM BanpaBJIeBBB.
493
HaBBBKa KOPAmBypa npOBSBOABTCJI C nOCTOJlBBOH oKpymBOB: CKOpOCTbIO
Bpam;eBBJI 6apa6aBa, pasBOB: 180 M/MBB, BeaaBHCBMO OT ABaMeTpa. PerYJIHpOBa-
BBe lIaCTOTW Bpam;eBBJI 3JIeKTpOABBraTeJIJI 6apa6aBa ocym;eCTBJIJleTCJI CeJIbCBBOM 8,
KOTOpblH YCTaBOBJIeB Ba OCB pWlIara 6.
CTaHoK ynpaBJIJleTCJI C nYJIbTa B C OTAeJibBOi KBOnO'IDoi CTaBI(HB.
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)l;BTCJI Ba CTaBKe IIPO-7240-A. llPBBOA 6apa6aBa ocym;eCTBJIJleTCJI OT :meKTpOABB-
raTeJIJI nOCTOJlBBOrO TOKa TIlDa ll-52 C perYJIBpyeMOB: lIaCTOTOB: Bpam;eBBJI - OT
PRC. t4.S. CXeMa YCT8BOBKR JIIITaTeJJlI co c6opo'DILIM CTaaKOM B JIBBBR HPV-t9M:
1 - GoGBlfa; 2 - nOTOIf; 8 - POJIIIK; 4 - lfaDpaBJllflOlitBil poJIIIK; $ - npBeMBlIII GoGea; (J - 8aKaTO'IIIhII po-
naif; ., - DReSJIIOllBJlllRI\P;!8.- plll'lar.
440 AO 1750 06/MBB. CKOpOCTb peaKB sarOTOBKB 250 M/MBH BeaaBHCBMO OT ABa-
MeTpa 6apa6aBa. llPBBOA cynnopTa c006m;aeT npepblBHCToe )J;BBmeBBe cynnopTY
C BomeBoi KapeTKOB:, a TaKme onycKaeT H nOABBMaeT nOJIaymKy C BomaMH.
B BBmBei lIaCTH KapeTKH cynnopTa SaKpenJIeBa AepmaBKa, Ba KOTOpOB: YCTa-
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eTCJI lIepea KJIBBOpeMeBBYIO nepeAallY.
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BamBMaeT Ba KOBe'IB1d: BHKJIIOlIaTeJIb, OTKJIIOlIaIOm;BB: 8JIeKTpOABHraTeJIB npBBOAa
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494
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nJIJleT XOAOBOi BHBT OT npllBOAa nOAa'IB.
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II HPY-19M npOll3BOAIITCJI nOCJIOB:BOB: BaBHBKOii KaJIaBAPOBaBBWX JIIICTOB TOJI-
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THJI. 3TB SarOTOBKII BaKJIaAWBaIOTCJI Ha 6apa6aH B CTWKyIOTCJI BenocpeACTBeBBO
Ba BeM BJIB CTWKYIOTCJI B PYKaB Ha CneI(BaJIbBOM arperaTe, a saTeM BaAeBaIOTCJI
Ba C60POllBWi 6apa6aB.
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pe3BBOBWMB py6amKaMB TOJIm;HBBOB: npBMepBO 10 MM, CJIymam;BMB OCBOBOB:,
B8 KOTOpoi npOBSBOABTCJI c60pKa peMBeB:.
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K C60pO'IBOMY 6apa6aBY C nBTaTeJIJI, YCTaBOBJIeBHOrO n03aAH C60pOllBOrO CTaBKa.
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OT 6apa6aBa, H CepAellBBKB peMBeii cB060ABO CBBMaIOTCJI.
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maii6w, paSABBmBoro 6apa6aBa, npBKaTOllBOrO pOJIBKa (npBKaT'IBKa), YCTpOB:CTBa
AJIJI BaBBBKB KOPAmBypa, CToiiKB nBTaTeJIJI.
C60pKa peJifBeB: npOB3BOABTCJI Ha KOBCOJIbBOM 6apa6aBe, COCTOJlm;eM B3 meCTH
paSAeJIbBWX ceKTopOB, YKpenJIeBBWX B nasax nJIaBmaB:6w. CeKTOpw MorYT
DepeMeInaTbCJI no nasaM B paABaJIbBOM BanpaBJIeBBB. nepeMem.eBBe ceKTopOB
ocym;ecTBJIJleTCJI OT nBeBMOCBCTeMY. B 3aBBCBMOCTB OT AJIBBW c06BpaeMWX peMBeii
ceKTOpw MeBJlIOTCJI. HMeeTCJI Ba60p ceKTopOB AJIJI C60PKB peMBeB: AJIBBOB: OT 700 AO
850 MM, OT 900 AO 1120 MM, OT 1150 AO 1500 MM B OT 1600 AO 1800 MM.
HaA C60PO'lHblM 6apa6aBOM yCTaBOBJIeBO YCTpOB:CTBO AJIJI BaBHBKB KOPA-
mBypa. llepeA C60POllBWM 6apa6aBOM pacnOJIOmeH npBKaTO'IBWB: npO BJIBpOBaB-
BWB: pOJlBK, DpO BJIb KOToporo cooTBeTcTByeT npO HJIIO c06BpaeMOl'0 CepAellBBK3
496
peMBJI. Ha CTOB:Ke nHTaTeJIJI YCTaBOBJIeBW: PYJIOH peSHBW AJIJI CJIOJl CmaTBJI II
pOJIDK AJIJI npHeMa npOKJIaAOllBOrO XOJICTa. nepeA C60PO'IBWM 6apa6aHOM BHHSY
nOMeIJJ;aeTCJI PYJIOB peSHBW npO HJIHpOBaBHOrO CJIOJl CmaTHJI.
PeMBD C06HpaIOTCJI MeTOAOM 06paTBOB: C60PKH Ba 6apa6aBe 6es npHMeBeBDJI pe-
SHBOTKaBeBOD: Py6amKD. illBpHBa C06DpaeMOB: 1(BJIDHAPH'leCKOB: sarOTOBKD 409 MM.
.----
, /
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' / 1 8
, "1
5
z
PSC. t4.tO. TexaOJlOrJl'lecKaB cxeMa cTasKa JIB OOOpKR KJIRBOBhlX peMBeii JIBBOii AO t800 MM:
1 - pe8l11fa; , - 8aKaTaRRaJI B pynoR DpOKJIIUlKa; 8 - KaT}'IBKa C KopIlmRypOM; 4 - XOIlOBolt BRRT; . - TOp-
M08Roe YCTpoIlCTBO; ,.- c(i()PO'lRhlIt GapaGaR; 7 - DpBKa'1"lllK; 8 - DpocllBJlbRbIA MRoropyqbeBoll CepIle1JRRK.
nOCJIe OKOBlIaBDJI C60PKH CeKTOpW CABHraIOTCJI, H aarOTOBKa CBHMaeTCH C
6apa6aHa.
TeXHOJIOrHlIeCKaJl cxeMa CTaBKa npHBeAeBa Ba pHC. 14.10.
HHme npHBeAeBa ero TeXBHlIeCKaJl xapaKTepHCTHK :
qRCJlO cePAe'lBHKOB Ba sarOTOBKe
BPR Ce'leBRH peMBB 13x8 ...
BPR ce'leBHB peMBB 17xU . . .
qacTOTa BpameBHH 6apa6aBa, 06/MHB
BPR BaJIOJICeBDR MooB peSBBhI
BPH BaBHBKe KOPABlBypa
3JIeKTpOABurareJIb
BpRBOAa 6apa68Ba
MOOUlOCTb, KBT ...../.
'18CTOTa BPllmeBHB, 06/MHB
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'1aCTOTa BpameUHB, 06/MJIB
33
26
. 2; 3; 4; 5; 7
.101; 141; 196
265; 342
1.5
940
0.18
960
32 3aKa8 163
491
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peMHeB: npORSBOARTCJI Ra Cne1(RaJIbROM CTaRKe, KOTOpJd: COCTORT RS AByX rJI8AKRX
BaJIHKOB R paCnOJIOmeBBorO cBepxy npO HJIRpOBaBBOrO pOJIHKa, RMeIOm;erO pemy-
DI.Re KpaJi. v v v
C60pKa R peSKa CepAellBHKOB peMBeR KOPATK8BeBOH KOUCTPYK1(HR JIHBOR
OT 950 AO 2800 MM R CelleBHeM OT 13 X 8 AO 25 X 16 npORSB01(JlTCJI Ra CTaBKe,
£xeMa KOToporo npRBeAeBa Ba pRC. 14.11. CnBoK COCTORT RS CTaBHBW, CMeBBoro
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Dei Kop,lfrKaBeBoi KODC1'p :
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Roll GapaGaa; $ - KOP.llTKam.; I. 1 - pesoa.
jIpO HJIbBOrO 6apa6aBa, BaTamHOro 6apa6aBa, pOJIRKa AJIJI npRKaTKR R peSKR
,BRKeJIJI, CTOeK AJIJI YCTaBOBKR PYJIOROB C peSRHOi.
CMeBBWB: npO RJIbBWB: 6apa6aH 2, HMeIOIJJ;HB: OCTpwe KpaJl KaHaBOK, YCTaRO-
BJIeB Ba BaJIY npRBOAa CT8BKa. PaSMepw KaBaBOK npO RJIbBOrO 6apa6aHa R RX
'lHCJIO saBHCHT OT paSMepOB CelleBHJI C06HpaeMLtX peMBeB:. tJRCJIO KaHaBOK Ha 6apa-
6aBe MomeT 6WTb OT 15 AO 28. HaTJlmBOB: 6apa6aH 4 - rJIaAKHi, OB MomeT nepe-
MeIJJ;aTbCJI no BanpaBJIJlIOm;HM npH nOMOm;R BHHTa 9, KOTOpYi npHBOARTCJI BO Bpa-
eBRe OT OTAeJIbBOrO 3JIeKTpOABRraTeJIJI. nepeA npO HJIbHWM 6apa6aBoM YC'i.'aRO-
BJIeH npHKaTO'IBbIB: pOJIHK 1, npRBOAHMWB: B ABRmeBRe nBeBMO JIBBAPOM. R CT8-
BRBe CTaBKa BBHSy npHKpenJIeBW mTaBrR 5, 6, 7, Ha KOTOpyX yCTaHaBJIRBaIOTCJI
PYJIOB npO RJIRpOBaBBoro CJIOJl cmaTHJI, PYJIOH KOPATKaHR R PYJIOB peSHBW.
14.3. CT AHKH AnH 06EPTblBAHHH KnHHOBblX PEMHEA
nJl 06epmBaHRJI CepAe'IBBKOB KJIHBOBWX peMBeB: TKaBeBHMH JIeBTaMH
B OTelleCTBeRBOB: npOMLtmJIeBHOCTH B UaCTOJlm;ee BpeMJI npHMeHJlIOTCJI 06epTOllBWe
CTaBKH Tpex THnOB: ORP-1M, ORP-2M-1 H ORP-2M-2.
CTaBOK OKP-1M (pRC. 14.12) COCTORT HS CTaHHBW 1, neAaJIR 2 AJIJI BKJIIOlIe-
,BRJI CTaBKa B pa60TY, KpOBmTeBaa 9 AJIJI YCTaHOBKR pYJIOHa C 06epTo'IB0B: JIeBTOB:
498
3JIeKTpOABHraTeJIJI 4, MexaBHSMa 5 06epTKR, npHBoABoro mKHna 6, 06epTOllBWX
pOJIHKOB 7, BaTJlmBOrO MexaBHSMa 9, Ba KOTOpOM YCTaBOBJIeB mKHB 8.
Ha Kopnyce CTaBHBW CTaBKa SaKpenJIeH MexaBB3M 06epTwBaBHJI 5, npeACTa-
BJIJlIOIJJ;RB: c060B: pyqar C YCTaBOBJIeBBbIMH Ba BeM nOAnpymHBenBWMH pOJIHKaMH.
Y CRJIRe npBmHMa pOJIHKOB K cepAellBRKY peMBJI MomBO perYJIHpOnaTb. PWlIar
CBJlSaB co mTOKOM nBeBM01(HJIRHApa. llpBBOAIIOB: mKHB 6 nOJIYllaeT BpaIJJ;eBHe OT
npHBOAa, KOTOpWB: COCTOHT R3 3JIeKTpOABBraTeJIJI 4 nepeMeBBoro TOlta, peAYKTOpa
7 6
J
2
Puc.' t4.12. CTaU()K ORP-1M JIB 06epTLlBaBUB IUIBBOBHX peMBei:
1 - CTaHRRa; 2 - DeaaJIb I1nR BKJIIO'IeRRlf CTaRKa B paGoTY; 8 - npolforrel:a 11M 'YCTaIfOBKlI pynoR8 C 06epTO'i-
Roll nellTOII; 4 - aneKT))OI1BHraTCJIb; - MeXaJm3M 06epTKB; 8 - DPBBOI1BOIL mKIIB; 1 - OOepTO'lIllllC POJIIIKId;
8 - RaTRlKJloll mKBB; 9 - HaTRIKRoll MeXaHR8M.
R peMeBHOB: nepeAa'lH. 06ePTo'IBwe pOJIRKH 7 TaKme SaKpenJIeHW Ba Kopnyce
CTaBHBW. HaTJlmBOB: MexaBD3M 9 COCTORT RS nOABHmBOB: II BenoABBmBOB: 6aJIOK.
HenoABHmBaJi 6aJIKa KpenHTCJI C O)\BOB: CTOpOBW Ba CTOB:Ke, a C APyrOB: - K KOp-
DYCY CTaBRBW. lloABBmBaJi 6aJIKa CBJlSaHa co mTOKOM nBeBMOI(BJIlfliApa H BMeeT
BOSMomBOCTb nepeMeIJJ;aTbCJI DO BanpaBJIJlIOm;HM. Ha DOABRmBOB: 6aJIKe YCTaBO-
BJIeBa nOJISyDlKa, Ba KOTOpOB: SaKpenJIeB BaTJlmBOB: mKHB 8. llOJI3ymKa MOateT
cB060ABO nepeABHraTbCJI no 6aJIKe R SaKpenJIJlTbCJI Ha BeB:. Ha BenoABHmBOB:
6aJIKe yCTaBOBJIeBa ynopBail nOJISyDlKa.
CTaBOK pa60TaeT CJIeAyJOm;RM 06pasoM. llOJISyDlKy Ba BenoABDmBOB: 6aJIKe
YCTaBaBJIRBaIOT Ba AJIHBY CepAe'IBDKa KJIRBOBOro peMBJI R SaKpenJIJlIOT ee CTono-
pOM. llOJIsymKY C BaTJlmBbIM mKHBOM SaKpenJIJlIOT Ba nOABRmBOB: 6aJIKe BeCKOJIb-
KO 6JIBme - Be AOCTHraJi ynopBOB: nOJIsymKH Ba BeJIBlIRBy BaTJlmeHHJI peMBJi.
llocJIe SaKpenJIeHHJI nOJI3ymeK CepAellBBK KJIHBOBOro peMBJI YKJIaAWBaIOT Ha
WKDBW H nOAaIOT CmaTWB: B03AYX B I(HJIDBAP BaTJlmBOrO MexaBRSMa H oABoBpeMeBBo
32* 499
B nBeBM01(HJIUBAP, DOAmUMaIOm;UB: pOJIHKH MeXaHUSMa 06epTWBaHUJI K cep-
p;e'IBHKY peMBJI. nOCJIe STOrO SanpaBJIJlIOT JIeBTOllKy npOpeSHBeBBOB: TKaBH nOA
nepeABHi POJIUK MexaBHSMa OOepTI>IBaBHJI H BamUMaIOT BOrOB: Ba neAaJIb, KOTOpaJI
BKJIIOlIaeT 3JIeKTpOABHraTeJIb, npUBOAJlm;UB: BO Bpam;eBHe npUBOABOi mKHB.
Bpam;aJlCb, mKUB C HaAeTYM Ba Bero CepAellBHKOM saXBaTWBaeT JIeBTOllKY;
nepeABHB: POJIUK npHmHMaeT ee K CepAellBHKy peMBJI, a 60KOBwe pom.iKu, pacno-
JIOmeBBWe BeCKOJIbKO AaJIbme, saru6aIOT JIeBTOllKY K 60KOBWM ee CTeBKaM. 3a 60Ko-
BWMH pOJIHKaMH pacnOJIOmeHW ABa pOJIHKa, npUmBMaIOIJJ;Be JIeBTOllKY K cepAell-
BUKY CBBSy, H ABa 06epTO'IBwe pOJIHKa, KOTopwe npOH3BOAJlT OKOR'laTeJIbBoe
3aBepTWBaBue JIeBTO'IKU Ha CepAe'IBHKe.
nOAalla JIeBTOllKU npopeSHBeBBOB: TKaBH K MexaBHSMY 06epTWBaBUJI OCYIJJ;eCT-
BJIJleTCJI OT 606HHW, YCTaBOBJIeBBOB: Ha OCH, pacnOJIOmeBBOB: HHme MexaBHSMa
06epTWBaHHJI.
Hume npHBeAeBa TeXBHlIeCKaJl xapaKTepUCTHKa CTaBKOB AJIJI 06epTWBaBHJI
KJIHBOBWX peMBeB::
CTaRKR
Dpoq)DJID 06epTIIIBaeMLlX peeeii:
OKP-IM
.O,A,B,B
(BeBTDJlII-
TOpRLle)
500-2500
0,6
OKP-2M-1 OKP-2M-2
B,r, , E B,r, , E
JIUBIII peMBeii:, MH ........
CKOpOCTb 06epTHBaBWI, H/c ....
MaKCUMaJIbBaJI mupBBa o6epTO'IIILIX
JIeBT, 11M .......
ra6apuTBLle pasMepLl, IrIM
):tJIUBa .
mDpuBa . . . . . . .
BLlCOTa .......
85
2220
625
1296
t900-8000 8000- 18000
0,75 0,75
t75 175
5413 10 t40
705 750
13tO 1310
Cym;eCTBYIOm;ue MeXaHHlIeCKUe CTaBKH MaJIOnpOHSBOAHTeJIbBw.
Ha CTaBKe AJIJI ooepTWBaBHJI KJIHBOBWX peMBeB: 573-9 KOBCTPYK1(HH
BHHHPTMAm (pHC. 14.13) Bce TeXHOJIOrHlIeCKHe onepa1(UH no 06epTbIBaBuIO
cepAellBHKa, KpOMe OAeBaBHJI H CBJlTHJI peMBJI, aBTOMaTD3BpOBaBW. YnpaBJIeBUe
CTaBKOM OCYIJJ;9CTBJIJleTCJI KBonKaMB C nYJIbTa ynpaBJIeBDJI.
nOJIyaBToMaTHlIeCKHB: CTaBOK AJIJI 06epTwBaBDJI KJIBBOBWX peMBeB: COCTOHT
HS CTaHHBW, YCTpOB:CTBa AJIJI HaTJlmeBBJI CepAe'IBHKa, OT03JIeKTpH'leCKOrO YCTpOB:-
CTBa, npBBOABoro mKUBa, MexaBHSMa OTpeSaBBJI JIeBTW, 06epTo'IBoro MexaBHSMa,
MexaBHSMa nOAallH JIeBTW K CepAe'IBHKY, MexaBHSMa BaHeCeBHJI KOBTpOJIbBOB:
&leTKU Ba JIeBTY, MexaBUSMa paCKaTKD JIeBTW H KOMneBcaTopa.
CTaBHHa.l - C60pBo-cBapBoi KOBCTpyKI(HH. YCTpOB:CTBO AJIJI BaTJlmeBUJI
peMBJI npeACTaBJIJleT C060B: mKHB 2, SaKpenJIeBBbIB: Ba KapeTKe, KOTOpaJi HMeeT
BOSMomBOCTb nepeMem;aTbCJI no BanpaBJIJlIOm;UM npH nOMOm;H XOAOBoro BBBTa.
nOJIOmeBHe mKHBa YCTaBaBJIHBaeTCJI BpyqBYIO B 3aBHCHMOCTU OT AJIHHbl
CepAellBHKa. Bo BpeMJI pa60Tw CTaBKa BaTJlmeBUe CepAellBUKa ocym;ecTBJIJleTCJI
nBeBM01(BJIHBAPOM.
{J)oT03JIeKTpHlIeCKOe YCTpOB:CTBO 9 npeAHaSHalleBO AJIJI nOAallu 3JIeKTpHlIeCKOrO
HMnyJIbCa SJIeKTpOHBOMy 6JIOKY ynpaBJIeBDJI pa60TOB: MexaBUSMOB npn npOXOmAe-
BHH MHMO Bero KOBTpOJIbBOB: MeTKH. HCTOllBHKOM CBeTa B OT03JIeKTpUlIeCKOM
YCTpOB:CTBe JlBJIJleTCJI JIaMna HaKaJIHBaBHJI, a npHeMBHKOM CBeTa, OTpameBBoro
OT MeTKH, - OTOTpaBSUCTOp.
npHBOAHOB: mKHB 4 YCTaBOBJIeB Ba BaJIY, KOTOpWB: nOJIylIaeT BpaIJJ;eBUe OT npH-
BOAa, COCTOJlIJJ;erO HS 3JIeKTpOABHraTeJIJI nepeMeBBoro TOKa, peAYKTopa, nycKOBOB:
H TOpM03HOB: nBeBMaTB'leCKUX My .
MexaBB3M OTpeSaBUJI JIeBm npeACTaBJIJleT c060B: nJIOCKHB: Hom 5. Hom YCTa-
BOBJIeB nOA yrJIOM no OTBOmeBHIO K 06ePTo'IB0B: JIeBTe U npUBOABTCJI B AeB:CTBUe
OT nBeBM01(UJIHBApa.
500
06epTO'IBWB: MeXaBH3M COCTOBT BS AByx nOAnpymHBeBBWX B Bpam;aIOm;BKCJI
sa ClIeT TpeBBJI 0 BBYTpeBBIOIO nOBepXBOCTb peMBJI 06epTOllBWX ABCKOB 6 (sBes-
AOlleK) B nOABHmBOB: KapeTKH 7, nepeMem;aIOm;eB:CJI no BepTHKaJIbHWM BanpaBJIJI-
IOIJJ;HM npB nOMOm;B nBeBM01(BJIHBApa. Ha KapeTKe yCTaHOBJIeBw: onopBwe pOJIBKB
AJIJI npHmBMaBHJI CepAellBHKa peMBJI K 06epTO'IBWM AHCKaM BO BpeMJI 06epTwBaBBJI;
nOAnpymHBeBBwe npO BJIbBWe AHCKH B JIOTKH AJIJI nepBOBallaJIbHorO SaBOpa'IHBa-
HHJI KpaeB JIeBTW K 60KOBOB: nOBepXBOCTH CepAe'IBBKa peMRJI; pOJIBKB, Bpam;a-
IOIJJ;HeCJI Ba OCJlX B npeABaSBalleBBWe AJIJI npHmHMa 06epTO'IB0B: JIeHTW K 60KOBOB:
nOBepXBOCTH CepAe'IBBKa.
MexaBHsM nOAallH JIeHTW K cepAellBBKY BKJIIOlIaeT B ce6J1 nJIBTY 8, mapBBpBO
SaKpenJIeBBYIO Ha CTOJIe 9, nepeMeIJJ;aIOIJJ;eMCJI no ABYM 1(HJIHBAPBlIeCKBM Banpa-
BJIJlIOm;HM OT nHeBM01(BJIHBApa.
Z J" 5 8 10 9 73 72
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PUC. J4.t3. nOJJyaBTOMaTll'lecKBi CTaBOK 573-9 AJIR 06ePTbiBaBUlI KJJUBOBbiX peMBeii:
1 - CTaBBBa; 2 - RaTIIII<Roll mKRB; 8 - IjIoToBneKTPH1IeCKOe 'YCTPollcTBO; 4 - DpRBoIlROit mKBB; $ - BOil<;
8 - o6ePTO'lllhle ABCKR; 1 - KapeTKa 06epTO'lROro MexaBB8Ma; 8. 9 - MeXaRll8M noltaqu neHThI K cePlte'lllllK'Y.
10 - MeX8JlB8M RaReceBBlllIORTPOJlbROIL MeTKB; 11 - P'YnOR C neRTOit; 12 - nplIBOARoll POJIIIK; 18 - DPRIKBM-
ROt POJIIIK; 14 - POJIIIK 'i<ollJleRcaTOpa. -'
MexaBHsM BaBeceBBJI KOBTpOJIbBOB: MeTKB 10 COCTOHT HS 60B:Ka, SaKpenJIeH-
Boro Ha mTOKe nBeBMOI(HJIHBApa, H YAapBHKa, BHmHDB: KOBeI( KOToporo Baxo-
ABTCJI BaA pOJIBKOM RpaCJlm;ero MexaBBSMa. POJIHK SaKpenJIeB B Bwpese nJIHTW Mexa-
BBSM(I. nOAallB JIeBm.
MexaBBsM paCKaTKH JIeBTW COCTOBT HS mnHBAeJIJI, Ba KOTOpWB: YCTaBaBJIH-
BaeTCJI PYJIOB 11 C JIeHTOB:, H ABYX pOJIHKOB, OABB HS KOTOpWX (12) npBBOAHTCJI
BO Bpam;eBHe OT BBAHBBAyaJIbBOrO 3JIeKTpOABHraTeJIJI, a APyrOB: (13) - npH-
HCBMBOB:.
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BO BpeMJI 06epmBaBHJI, OB npeACTaBJIJleT c060B: pOJIBK 14, SaKpenJIeBBWB: Ba Ka-
peTKe, nepeMem;aIOm;eicJI no BepTHKaJIbBOi BanpaBJIJlIOIJJ;eB:.
CTaBOK AJIJI 06epTWBaBBJI KJIHBOBWX peMBei pa60TaeT B BaJIaAOllBOM H nOJIY-
aBTOMaTH'leCKOM pemBMax. HHme npBBeAeBa TeXBHlIeCKaJl xapaKTepHCTHKa CTaBKa:
Dpoc})UJJU 06epTLIBaeMbiX peMBeii ........ 0, A, B, B
(BeBTUJJR-
TopBble)
900-2650
1
100
nUBa peMBeii, MM ............
CKOpoCTb 06epTl>IBaBUR, M/C ........
MaKCBManbBIUI mupuBa OOOpTO'lBblX neBT, MM
fa6apuTBLte paSMepLt, MM
AnUBa
mupuBa
BLtCOTa
2867
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1362
501
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KnHHOBblX PEMHEA
Cym;eCTByeT pa3JIHlIBOe 060pYAOBaBHe AJIJI BYJIKaBHsa1(UR KJIBBOBWX peMBeB::
060pYAOBaBHe AJIJI KOTJIOBOB: BYJIKaBHSa1(HH, npeccw AJIJI BYJIKaRRSa1( R, uenpe-
pWBBwe BYJIKaBUSaTopw, ARa parMeBBwe BYJIKaBHSaTopw.
14.4.1. 06oPYAoBaHHe AnSI KOTnoBoA BynKaHH3aqHH
BYJIKaBHSa1(IIIO BeBTHJIJlTOpHWX H npllBoAHWX peMBei AJIUHOB: AO 1700 MM,
a TaKme BapuaTopBwx peMBeR AJIHBOB: no BBYTpeHBeB: nOBepXBOCTH AO 2300 MM
OCYIJJ;eCTBJIJlIOT B 6apa6aBBwx pa360pBwX npecc- opMax B KOTJIe. RamAaJl 6apa-
6aBBaJi npecc- opMa COCTOIIT H3 OTAeJIbBWX, BKJIaAWBaeMWX OABO B APyroe KOJIb-
1(eBWX SBeBbeB. Ha nepBoe KOJIb1(O BaAeBaIOT CWPOB: peMeBb, saTeM SaKJIaAWBaIOT
BTopoe KOJIb1(O, 06pa3YIOm;ee BTOpyIO 60KOBYIO nOBepXBOCTb nepBOB: KJIHBOBOB:
KaBaB H. Ha BTopoe SBeHO OpMW BaAeBaIOT BTOpOB: peMeBb, BKJIaAWBaIOT TpeTbe
3BeBO OpMW H TaK npOAomKaIOT AO Tex nop, nOKa Be 6YAeT co6paBa BCJI 6apa6aB-
BaJi npecc- opMa. 3aroToBKH peMHeB: 3aKJIaAWBaIOT B npeABapllTeJIbBO pa30rpeTwe
OpMW, npBlIeM BX BBallaJIe CMa3WBaIOT IIJIH onYAPIIBaIOT.
C06paHBbIB: 6apa6aB CilUlMaIOT B oceBOM BanpaBJIeHHH B nBeBMaTH'leCKOM npec-
ce nB{J)-1 npH AaBJIeBBB B03Ayxa B CeT!! 0,3-0,4 Mlla B TYT me npOHSBOAJlT sa-
TJlmKY OpM 60JITaMII.
npecc COCTOIIT li3 CBapBOB: CTaHIIBW, pOJlliKOBOro CTOJIa AJIJI nOAallB, oT60pa
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. 207-414
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400 X 600 H 400 X 1200 MM.
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KJIaAbIBaIOT B HHmBHe KaHaBKH npO BJIbHOH nJIHTW, nOCJIe lIero BHmBIOIO nJIHTY
npecca npHnOAHHMaIOT AO conpHKocBoBeHHH C npO HJIbBOB: nJIHTOB:. BepxHHe
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nOCJIe lIero BHmHIOIO nJIHTY CBOBa nOABHMaIOT TaK, lIT06bl MemAY npO HJIbBOB: H
BepXBeB: nJIHTaMH OCTaBaJICJI 3a30p 8-10 MM. 3aTeM BKJIIOlIaIOT ABHraTeJIb paCTJlm-
Boro npHcnoco6JIeBHJI.
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3-4%. Ha AOJIIO nepBOB: BapKB npBXOAHTCJI 70-80% 06m;eB: BWTJI)KKH, Ba AOJIIO
nOCJIeAYIOm;HX - 20-30%. ,AaBJIeBHe npH BYJIKaBHSa1(BII peMBeB: COCTaBJIJleT
2,5 Mlla.
BopoBemcKHM 3aBOAOM TJlmeJIWX MeXaBHlIeCKHX npeCCOB Bwnym;eB nOJIY-
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504
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XOM. PaCCTOJlBHe MemAY BYJIKaBBSa1(HOBBWMH nJIHTaMH 270 MM. ROB1(W npO BJIb-
HOH nJIBTW OXJIamAaIOTCJI BOAOH, 3TBM npeAOTBpaIJJ;aeTCJI nepeBYJIKaHBSa1(BJI peMBJI
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BaTb AeCJlTb peMBeH npO HJIJI 50 X 22 AJIBHOH AO 4000 MM. Pa3MepW BYJIKaBHSa-
1(HOBBWX nJIBT 1000 X 600 X 40 MM.
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1500 X 1200 X 2000 MM.
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M31\CBM3JIbBOe . . . . . . . . . . . . 2500
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mBpDBa . 900
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CTaBOK HPR-2 npeABaSBalleB AJIJI HSMepeBHJI peMBeB: npO HJIeB: B, B, f,
A H E AJIHBOB: OT 3800 AO 12 000 MM. 3TOT CTaOOK OTJIHlIaeTCJI OT CTaBKa HPR-1
TeM, lITO Ba BHmBeB: H BepXBeB: TpaBepcax HMeeTCJI no ABa mKHBa, Ba KOTopwe
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BLlCOTa . . . . . . .
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1680
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3500 06/MBB. lloAalla pemym;HX AJICKOB npOHSBOAHTCJI 6JIOKOM mDBBAeJIeB: OT SJIeK-
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peMeBBYIO nepeAa'lY,
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mnHBAeJIeH.
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CJI CTOJIOM (KapyceJlbIO), Ha KOTOpOH no
OKpymaOCTH YCTaHOBJIeHO 18 DpeCC-T01JeK. npeCC-T01JKH 0p;a08TamHye, C DJlBTaMH
pa8MepoH 350 X 510 MH. nOp;a1Ja )l(Hp;KOCTII BYCOKOro p;aBJleHIIJI, napa B OTBOP;
KOHp;eHcaTa npOH8Bop;JtTCJI 1Jepe8 KOJlJleKTOp, HHmHJIJI 1JaCTb KOToporo Bpa
aeTCJI
co CTOJlOH. nJlIITY BMeIOT napoBoH 060rpeB. npOp;OJl)l(HTeJlbHOCTb
mma BYJlKamI-
8a
- OT 4 p;o 26 MBH; pe)l(BM HomHO H8HeHJlTb B 8aBHCBMOCTII OT 88,1J;aBBOH
npop;OJl)l(HTeJlbHOCTH BYJlKaHH8a
DyTeH H8MeHeHHJI 1JaCTOTY Bp
eHHJt CTOJl8
KapyceJlH npH nOHO
BapHaTopa.
Pa8pa60TaBJi[ KOHCTpyK
H KapyceJlbHoro npecca C 10, 24 H 32 npeCC-T01J-
KaMH. npecc
eJleC006pa8Ho HCnOJlb80BaTb B nOT01JHOH JlHBJIJiI. Ha HeM HomHO
BYJlKaHH80BaTb pe8UHOBye B8p;eJlHJI B p;ByX- B TPeX8Ta3(HYX
opHax. npH HCnOJlI>-
80BaHIDI TaKoro npecca HCKJlI01JaeTCJI DpHHeHeHHe
H8H'1eCKOrO Tpyp;a H DOBY-
528
maeTCJI npOBSBOp;BTeJlLHOCTL. Bce onepa
B, B TOH 'IBCJle SaKpl>lBaHBe B OTKpI>lBa-
HBe <}IOPH, BI>lp;BBraBBe BX npu nepeSapJlp;Ke B sap;BBraBBe, aBTOHaTBSBpOBaHI>I.
CxeHa aBTOHaTB'leCKOrO ynpaBJleHBJI BYJlKaBBSa
OBHI>IH 'IeTl>lpeX9TamHI>IM
npeCCOH C napOBI>IH 060rpeBOH nJlBT B rpynnOBI>IH rBp;ponpBBop;OH npBBep;eHa
Ha pBC. 15.10. 'YnpaBJleHBe
KJlOM BYJlKaHBsa
npOBSBOP;BTCJI KOH8.BP;H
H npB-
60POH 4 no sap;aBHoH nporpaHHe. ,naBJleHBe B rup;pOCBCTeMe KOHTpOJIHpyeTcJI
H8.BOHeTpOH 12. TeHnepaTypa TenJlOHOCBTeJlJl KOBTpOJlBPYeTCJI 11 peryJIHpyeTcJI
HaHOHeTpJl1leCKBH TepMOHeTpOH 2. npo
eccl>I sarpysKB B Bl>lrpYSKB Bsp;emm ocyl[(e-
CTBJlJlIOTCJI BPY'lHYIO.
3Ha'lBTeJlLHOe 'IBCJIO BYJlKaHBSaI\BOHHI>IX npeCCOB paSJlJl1lHOrO TBna BI>IUY-
ClCaeTCJI saBop;aMB qCCp B BHP. BOJlLmBHCTBO sapy6emHl>lx <}InpM Bl>lnYCKaeT
,t£
l ::t :!
!
I II
I l,foI ./ 7
, ,,W-
I I,
I II
I II
r-.J II
I II
I B I)
I II
: I
I I
K epl/nnoDou petyJlll.-
Pl/fOUJ.fU cmaHl1.lI.U
J
9
Cemb HIiJKOtO
10 tlaDJI(HlI.R
femb Db/fDNDeD
UadfleH/1.R
8 NaHaJlIiJal1.lil{}
PBC. 15.10. CxeMa aBTOMaTB'lecKOrO YDpaBJIeBBa BYJDtaBBaaI{BOIIIIbIU Dpec-
COM C .tUIYCTOPOBBBlol 06CJIymBBa&BeM:
1 - upecc; 2 - MaROMe1'pJl1lecKBtt TepMOMe1'p; 8 - a8uopBHe BeBTBna; 4 - KOM8Im-
HId UPBOop; S, 6 - CBrRlUll>RY8 JlaJmIoI; 1 - JIyCKOBye KHOUKB; 8, 1B - MaROMe1'pY;
9 - MpaTBJd ManaR; 10,11 - MeM6pllJlJDle MaUIlBY.
rBp;paBJlll'leCKBe ByJlKaHBsa
BOHBl>Ie npeccl>I KaK C rpynnOBI>IH, TaK B C BHP;BBB-
p;yaJlLHI>IH 9J1eKTpOrBp;paBJlB'leCKBM npBBOp;OH. YnpaBJleBBe npO
eCCOH BYJlKaHB-
S
aBTOHaTB'leCKOe.
,nJlJl COKpal[(eHBJI npop;OJlmBTeJlLHOCTB SaKpI>lB8.BBJI <}IOPH, 'ITO oc06eHHo,
BamBO npB pa60Te C BI>ICOKBMII TeHnepaTypaHB, Bl>lnYCKaIOTCJI npeccl>I C BepXHBM
paCnOJlOmeBlleH nJlYHmepa. ,nJlJl yCKopeHBJI SaKpl>lBaBJIJI Hap; nJlyamepoH pasHe-
l[(aeTCJI 6aK P;J1J1 rBp;paBJlH'leCKOH mBp;KOCTB. npll onYCKaBBB nJlyamepa
J1BBP;p
sanOJIBJleTCJI mBp;KOCTLIO liS 9Toro 6aKa. B peSYJlLTaTe nOBl>lmaeTCJI 6I>1CTPOXOP;-
HOCTL npecca. TaKBe npeccl>I BSrOTaBJlBBaIOT <}IBpHLI dIIoy», «nUpeJlJIB», «,naHBeJlLC1>
«nepKBBC» B p;p.
pJlP; <}IBpH P;J1J1 BYJlKaBBsa
B peSBBOTeXHB'leCKBX Bsp;eJlBH HapJlp;y C rBp;pa-
BJlB'leCKBMII npeccaHB Bl>lnYCKaeT pWlamHO-HeXaHB'leCKBe BYJlKaHBsa
BOHHl>le
npeccl>I C SaKpenJleHHI>IMB Ha nJlBTaX npecca npecc-<}IopHaHB. 061>1'1HO TaKBe
npeccl>I BMelOT He 60Jlee P;BYX 9TameH B cBa6meBLI HexaBBSHOH P;J1J1 BSHeHeHBJI
nOJlOmeBBJI cpep;HeH nJlBTI>I B OCTaJlLHI>IX nJlBT B SaBBCBMOCTB OT BI>ICOTI>I npecc-
<}IOPHI>I. no CpaBHeHBIO C fBp;paBJlB'leCKUMB 9TB npeccl>I 06J1ap;aIOT pJlP;OH TeXHB'le-
CKBX npeBH
eCTB. B 'IaCTHOCTB., OHB HeBLme nOTpe6J1J1IOT TenJlOBOH 9HeprBB,
34 SaKaa 163 529'
m.m ROmYXOH. BaBBa 060rpeBaeTCJI 3J1eRTpOHarpeB aTeJlLHYHB 3J1eHeBTaMB, Ro-
TOpye pa80rpeBaIOT HanOJlHJlIOII(UH ee paCTBOp COJlII lJ,0 160°C 3a 1,5-2 'I. Dpll
nOMOIl(H TepH03J1eHeHTa 3J1eKTpOHHLlH perYJlJlTOp nOlJ,AepmBBaeT 8alJ,aHHYIO TeMIIe-
paTYPY C TO'IHOCTLIO lJ,0 :t 1°C. ,l(J1J1 B3lJ,eJlBB B3 pe31U1Y Ha OCHOBe pa3J1B'I-
BYX KayqYROB peKOHeHlJ,yIOTCJI CJlep;yIOII(He TeHnepaTYpy pacnJlaBa:
RayqyIC
TeM1Jep8Typa,
°C He 60nee
240
300
300
260
220
HaTypaJlbHYB
B yraABeB-CTHpOJlbBblii
AKpBllOBBTpBJIbHYR .
XlloponpeB .....
STBlleB-DpODBJIeBoBYi
B Ka'leCTBe TenJlOHOCBTeJleB peKOHeHlJ,yIOTCJI paCnJlaBY COJleD CJlep;YIOII(ero
.cOCTaBa:
Conb CO)tepm8Blle,
Bee. %
KNO s . 53
NaN02 40
NaNOs 7
B HIImBeH 'IaCTB BaHHY UMeeTCJI mTyn;ep lJ,J1J1 cnYCRa paCnJlaBa B UapBiHLIii
npBeMHh1B: pe3epByap B cJlyqae nOJlBJleHBJI Teu B Ropnyce BaHBLI. B Bepmei
nOJlOBlUle BaRBY pacnOJlOmeHa TpaHCnOpTepHaJi J1eHTa B3 HepmaBeIOII(9i cnD,
ROTOpaJi npll lJ,OCTBmeHBII TeMDepaTYpY paCnJlaBa .160 °C H BWIIe norpymaeTCJI
CneD;llaJiLBLIM YCTPOHCTBOH B paCnJlaB B 06 pas yeT co CTeBKaMH BaBBY RaR OY
BYJlKaHll8an;uORBh1B: RaHaJi B Op;HOBpeHeBBO nepelJ,BBraeT BYJlRaHB3yeHoe H8lJ,eJlBe.
D pB CHJlTBII BJiB nap;eHBB HanpJlmeHBJI B 3J1eRTpB'leCROH ceTU CTaJiLHaJi J1eHTa
DO 1136emaBBe nOBpemlJ,eHBJI aBTOHaTD'leCRB nop;HBHaeTCJI.
TpaHCnOpTepHaJi J1eHTa B BaKKe npBBOp;BTCJI B lJ,BBmeHBe OT 3J1eKTpOp;BBra-
TeJlJl nO
TOJIBBOrO TORa C 6eccTyneB1JaTYM perYJlHpOBaBBeM 'IaCTOTY BP8ID;9HIIJI,
ynpaBJlJl9HOrO C nyJlLTa CBHXpOHHO C npUeMHLlH TpaHCnOpTepOM. 3J1eKTpOBarpeBa-
'l'eJlB, pacnOJlOmeHHye HalJ, TpaHCnOpTepHOH J1eBTOH, npelJ,ynpemp;aIOT KpBCTaJIJlB-
8an;mo pacnJl8.Ba. OBB BRJlIO'IaIOTCJI TOJILKO BO BpeHJI p;BBmeHIIJI J1eHTLI. H3BJle1JeH-
Hoe B3 Bamn.t B3p;eJlUe nOp;HHMaeTCJI BBepx, 1JT06L1 pacTBop COJIB CTeKaJl B BaHHY.
Do BYXOp;e B3 BaHHLI BYJlKaHB30BaKKye H3lJ,eJlBJI nocTynaIOT B oXJlamp;aIOII(yIO
D CymBJlLHyIO YCTaHOBKY 4 (CM. pBC. 15.13), OTp;eJlLHO nOKa8aHByIO Ha pRC. 15.14.
B 3TOH YCTaHOBKe C 118p;eJlIIJI BOP;OH B8
OpCYHOR 2 CML1BaeTCJI nJleHKa COJlB, OCTaB-
maJlcJI Ha H
nocJle BLlxop;a D3 COJlJlBOH BaHHY. Bop;a D;IIPRYJlBpyeT B BaBBe npB
nOHOIl(B Bacoca 3. DpB Beo6xop;BHOCTB Bop;a HomeT 6YTL nop;orpeTa 3J19RTpOHarpe-
BaTeJleH 4. OTMI>ITOe 113p;eJlBe nocTynaeT B CyIDllJlLHYIO 'IaCTL 5 YCTaHoBKB, rp;e
OHO 06p;y8aeTCJI CmaTLIH B03P;YXOH, nop;aBaeHYM BeHTBJlJlTOpOM 6, cmmaIOD1BH
Bce KanJiB BOP;Y, OCTaBmBeCJI Ha B3p;eJlHB.
BycymeBBoe B3p;eJlBe nocTynaeT Ha npOTJlrBBaIOII(BH BaJlIIK 7 C npBmHMHYH
BaJlIIKOH 8, ROTOpye npBBop;JlTCJI B p;BBmeBBe OT 3JleKTpOlJ,BBraTeJlJl 9 nOCTOJUlHOrO
TORa, pa60TaIOII(erO CBHXpOHHO C OCTaJlLHLIMH 3J1eRTpOlJ,BBraTeJlJlMB YCTaHoBKB.
Moe'lllO-cymDJlLBaJi 'IaCTL YCTaHOBKB pa3MeIl(aeTCJI B Op;HOH TenJlOB30JlHpyIOII(eM
D 3aIl(BTBOM Komyxe C BaHHOH.
Henocpep;cTBeKKo 3a CymllJlLBOH yCTaHoBKoH pa3HeIl(eH OT60po'lllYH TpaHcnop-
Tep (pBC. 15.15), cHa6meBHYH npOTJlrBBaIOII(BMB pOJlBKaHB 1, KOTOpye npop;BB-
raIOT B3p;eJlBe Ha J1eHTO'IHLIH TpaHcnopTep 2 P;J1BHOH 4 M. Ha 3TOM TpaHcnopTepe
npOB3BOP;BTCJI ROHTpOJIL 11 pa30paKoBKa U3p;eJlUH. D pH Heooxop;BMOCTH OT60po'l-
HLIU TpaHCnOpTep MomeT 6YTL cHa6meH OTMepBBaIOID;HM YCTPOHCTBOH 3, a TaKme
OT03J1eMeHTOH 4 C pemYID;BH YCTPOHCTBOH 5 B npBeHBLIM CTOJIBROM P;J1J1 CKJlalJ,Y-
BaHM U3lJ,eJlBH onpep;eJleHHOH p;J1BHY. B 3TOH cJlyqae TpaHCnOpTep 2 B HeCTe YCTa-
HOBKB pemYID;ero YCTpoHcTBa pa3p;eJlJleTCJI, B 3a)XBJIJI 1JaCTL - J1eHTO'lllh1B: TpaHc-
532
DopTep 6 HHeeT HeCKOJlbKO 60JlbmyIO CKOpOCTb, 'IeM TpaHcnopTep 2. Upu aTOH
06
aJl AJlUHa oT60pO'lHOrO YCTpOD:CTBa YBeJlU'IUBaeTCJI AO 5 H.
OT60pO'lHOe YCTpOD:CTBO npUBOAUTCJI B ABUiReHUe OT aJleKTpOABUraTeJlJl nOCTO-
JlHHOrO TOKa C perYJlUPyeHOD: 'IaCTOTOD: Bpa
eHUJI. BLlD:AJI us oroopo'llloro YCTpOD:-
CTBa, USAeJlue (ecJlu OHO He pemeTCJI Ha KYCKU) nocTynaeT Ha HaHOTO'lllOe YCT-
POD:CTBO.
cDupHa «TpeCTep» BLlnYCKaeT yCTaHoBKU AJlJI BYJlKaHUSan;UU mnpUU;OBaHHLlX
USAeJlUD: B paCnJlaBaX COJleD: C 'IepBJI'IHLlHU HamUHaMU C 'IepBJlKOH AuaHeTpOH OT
60 AO 150 MM U 06
eD: HOJu;HOCTbIO OT 41 AO 274 KBT.
TeXHH'leCKaJl xapaKTepUCTUKa J1I1BUD: AJlJI HenpepLlBHoro mnpuu;eBaHUJI,
BaKYYHupoBaHUJI U BYJlKaHUSau;uu B paCnJlaBaX cOJleD:, BblnYCKaeHLlX OTe'leCTBeH-
HOD: npOMblmJleHHOCTbIO U saBOAaHU qCCp, npUBOAUTCJI B Ta6J1. 15.4.
Ta6Aulla 16.4. TeXBH'IecKaa xapaKTepaCTBKa nHuii, BbJoYCK8eMI>IX B CCCP H 1fCCP,
WJa Beupepl>lBBoro DpoRBBOACTBa mnp
OB8IIIII>IX RB
emlii
JIHBC-63 * JIHBC-90 * JIHBC-125 *
HBAeKC MamHBY 634141 634121 634131
TRD O
B01J:epBJI1J:BOii MallDl-
BY . . . . . . . . . . MqXB-63 MqXB-90 MqXB-125
)J;HaMeTp 1IepBJlKa, MM 63 90 125
n pOH3Bo
RTellbBocTb llHBml, 20-80
Kr/'I . . . . . . . . . . 90-350 150-600
TeMDepaTypa BynKaBH3a- 170-250
D;HB,oC ........ 160-240 160-240
Pa601J:aJl CKOpOCTb TpaBcnop-
TBPyIOlII;HX YCTPORCTB,
M/MHH . . . . . . . 0,6-12 1.5-15 1.5-15
illBpHHa TpaBCnOpTepa, MM 150 150 150
Pacxo
, M3/'I . . . . . . .
oXJIa)I(AalOlII;eR BOAY . . 2,0 2,6 3,6
cmaToro B03Ayxa . . . 8.5 8,5 8,5
Pa601lHii 061>eM COJIBBOR
BaBBY, M3 . . 0.2 0.26 0.38
06111;811 MOIII;BOCTb, KBT
aneKTpO
BHraTenei . . 41 69 87,3
311eKTpoBarpeBaTellei 57,6 81,6 122,4
fa6apRTBble pa3Mepy, 101M 18 000 22 125 26 900
JIBBa , .
mupHHa 2520 3200 3500
BblCOTa . . . . . . 2670 3000 3000
Macca, T . . . . . . . 10,2 13.2 16.6
· JIRHBJI, BblDYCKaeMaa B CCCP,
.. JIHBK", BWYCKaeMaa B qCCP.
U68. D2 **
44692 n2
90
300'
0-30'
55
21 000
2800
1720
9,0
MeTOA BYJlKaHUSau;uu mnpuU;oBaHHblx uSAeJlUD: B paCnJlaBaX cOJleD: UHeeT pJl
.
npeuMYl[(eCTB nepeA BYJlKaHUSaU;UeD: ux B napOBOD: UJIU BOSAyIDHOD: cpeAe. OH xa-
paKTepusyeTCJI 60Jlee BblCOKUM Koa<}l<}luu;ueHTOM TenJlonepeAa'IH, BOSHOiRHOCTblO
nOBblmeHUJI TeHIIepaTypLl BYJlKaHUSau;uH AO 300 °C U mupOKUH AuanasoHoH ee pe-
rYJlUpOBaHUJI OT 150 AO 300 °C B saBUCUHOCTU OT peu;enTa peSIIBOBOD: CHecu U npo-
<}IUJlJI uSAeJlUJI, OTCYTCTBueH onepaU;UH onYAPUBaHUJI, aKOHOMBeD: npOU3BOACTBeH-
HOD: nJlo
aAu. KpOMe Toro, B cOJlJlHoii BaHHe HO)l(HO BYJlKaHUSOBaTb sa BblCOKUX
CKOpOCTJlX TOHKOCTeHHble HSAeJlHJI, B TOM 'IHCJle U HS CHeCeD: C HHSKOD: nOJlJlpHOCTbl()
(KOTopbIe He peKoHeHAyeTCJI BYJlKaHHSOBaTb Ha HHKpOBOJlHOBOD: YCTaHOBKe), a TaKm&'
BYJlKaHHSOBaTb npo<}lHJlU HaJlOrO ce1leHHJI UJIH C HeTaJlJlH'IeCKHHH BCTaBKaHH.
K HeAOCTaTKaM COJlJlHLlX BaHH HOiRHO OTHeCTH BOSHOiRHOCTb Ae<}lopHaU;HJiI'
npo<}lHJlJI HaJlOD: iReCTKOCTH H CJlOiRHOrO Ce'leHBJI, oco6eHHO nopHCTbIX USAeJlHD:"
5:\4
'TpY
OCTIt uOJluoro YAaJleUBJI OCTaTROB COJIB BS UpO
BJleB: cJlomuoro Ce'leUIIJI 11
1IeROTOpyIO OnaCHOCTIt AJlJI 06CJlymBBaIO
erO UepCOHaJla, pa60TaIO
erO C TenJlOHO-
CBTeJleM, HarpeTl>IM AO BYCOKOB: TeMUepaTYplaI.
HeKOTOpOB: paSHOBBAHOCTItIO YCTaHOBOR AJlJI BYJlKaHBSal\HB B paCnJlaBaX
COJleB: JlBJlJleTCJI YCTaHOBKa «CnpaicoJlT» - COJlepaS6p1aI3rBBaIO
aJl YCT8.HOBKa
BpMbI «nBpeJlJlB - ):\aHJlOn». OHa npeACTaBJlJleT co60B: TyBHeJlIt, B KOTOpOM
nepeABBraeTCJI BYJlKaHB3yeMYB: npO
BJlIt 6es norpymeHBJI ero B BaHHY C pacnJla-
80M. HSAeJlBe KaK 6Y nJlYBeT Ha JleHTe, paCnJlaB COJIB naAaeT Ha HerO B BBAelAyma,
ClTO BCKJlIO'IaeT B03MomUOCTb Ae
opMaU;HH npOIflHJHJ.
12
PHC. 15.16. CxeMa YCTaBOBKB Anll BeDpepYBBOi BYllKaBB3aD;BB Tpy60K B cpe,u;e BhlCOKOKBnJl-
lD;ero opraBB'leCKOrO TeUllOBOCBTeJIJI:
1 - Bym<aBH3aQIIOHHaR KaMepa; 2 - QJlJJBa.np BynKaBH3al:\BOBRoft KaMephl; 3 - fiapa6aR; 4 - '1epBRK; S -
8MeeBBK: 6 - O'IHCTBTenb8h\1t naT»OH; 1 - UO.Irl>eMBhIA MeXaBB8M; 8 - Oxna,nBTeJJbK8JI K8Mepa; 9. 13 - BaKBY;
10 - Kacoc; 11 - JIpBBOA; 12 - PeJtYKTOP; 14 - cymBJIKa; IS - R8MOTOqKhIA 6apafiaH.
Arper8T AU HenpepblBHOH nYJlK8HBaa...... n cpeAe BOT. ArperaT (pHC. 15.16)
AJlJI HenpepLIBHoro mnpBl\eBaHBJI B BYJlKaHBSaI\UB pe3BHOBbIX Tpy60K C HapymHY
{
ABaMeTpOM 16 MM paSpa60TaH HHHP. BYJlKaHBsal\BJI npOBCXO,D;BT B KaMepe 1
B cpeAe BYCOKORBnJllI\erO OpraHll'leCROrO TenJlOHOCBTeJlJl (BOT) C TeMnepaTYPOB:
140 °C. ):\JlJI coxpaHeHHJI IfIOpMY BHYTPb TPy6RB nOAaeTCJI CmaTYB: BOSAYX nOA
,D;aBJleHBeM 0,101-0,103 Mlla. rOTOBaJi Tpy6Ka nocJle OXJlamAeHBJI B BaHHe 13
B CymKB B cymHJlKe 14 HaPflaTYBaeTCJI Ha 6apa6aH 15.
Y CT8HOBKII AU HenpepblBHoii BYJIK8HBS8I\HB wnpBU;OBaHHblX BS,D;eJIHB: npH
nOMOm;B MBKpoBOJlH. B nOCJIeAHHe rOAY npHMeHeHBe MHKpOBOJlH B pe3HHoBoii:
npOMymJleHHOCTB 3Ha'IBTeJlbHO B03pOCJlO KaK ,D;JlJI npe,D;BapBTeJlbHOrO nOAorpeBa
3arOTOBOK nepe,D; BYJlKaHBSal\Heii:, TaR B AJlJI ocym;ecTBJleHBJI caMoro npOI\eCca
BYJlKaHB3aI\BB. <DBpMY «Bep
TOIfIIfI», «TpecTep» B AP. BynYCKaIOT npOMb1mJleHHlaIe
535
OXJIamAeBBe B3AeJIBH no BLlXOAe ero B3 TYHHeJIbHOU ne'lB OT 200 AO 80 °C
npoB3BoAIITCH B OXJIa*AaIO
eu BOAHHOU Bane. 3a BaBHOU B3AeJIBe nOAHIIMaeTCJI
BBepx, '!T06L1 C Hero CTeKJIa BOAa, a OCTaBmBeCH KanJIB BOALI CAYBaIOTCH cmaTIDI
B03AYXOM. BLlmeAmee B3 TYHHeJIbHOU ne'lB B3AeJIBe nOCJIe OXJIamAeHBH pemeTCJI
Ha KYCKB BJIB KaMaTLlBaeTCH Ha 6apa6aK aHaJIOrB'lHO TOMY, KaK 8TO AeJIaeTCH Ha
YCTaKOBKax BYJIKaHB3a
BB B paCnJIaBaX COJIeu.
TeXHH'leCKaH xapaKTepBCTBKa MBKpOBOJIHOBOU YCTaHOBKB .pBpMLI cBep-
TOP
» npBBOABTCH KBme:
IIpOR3B0ART911bBOCTI>, Kr/'l . . . . . . . . .
PaaM8p npo(lBlla, MM . . . . . . . . . . . .
CKOpOCTb TpaBcnOpTepa npB
aMeTpe B3AellBJI
AO 40 101M, M/MHB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
)J;uanaaoB perYllBpoBaBRJI CKopoCTei . . .
qac1'OTa KOJIe6amrii BOJIBOBOAa, Mf
. . .
MaKcRM8JIbBaJi TeMDepaT)'pa B03AYxa, °C .
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538
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B nOJIblx) HenpepblBHblM cnoc060M B neBp;ooammeHHOM CJIoe, KOTOpbli nOJIyqaeTCH
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TeXHJiI1IeCKaH xapaKTepJilCTBKa JIBHBB 634061 npBBOp;JilTCH Home:
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PacxoA B03AYxa, 1013/'1
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BeHTBJIHTOpal\1B 1 R 4, npBBop;lDfblMJiI B p;BHmeHBe aJIeKTpOp;BBraTeJIeM 6 qepea
npHBop;HOi BaJI 3, B npOXOAlilT qepe3 Tpy6qaTble KaJIOpB.pepbl 10 B 13. Ropnyc 8
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IO ero KJIa. U3AeJIBlI nOJIyqaIOTclI C MBHBMaJILHMMB 3ayceH aMB, TaK KaK 3a-
rOTOBKH 3aAaHHMX pa3MepOB BMpy6aIOTclI B3 JIeHTM pe3BHOBoi CMeCH Henocpe):{-
CTBeHHO B <}IopMe. ¥AaJIeHBe 3ayceH eB npOB3BOAHTClI MeTOAOM 3aMopamBBaHBlI
Ha yCTaHoBKe, BXOAlI ei B COCTaB JIHHBB.
)J;JIBHa TaKoi JIBHBB AOCTBraeT 55 M, CKOpOCTL nepeABHmeHHlI <}IOpM 1,8-
10,9 M/MBH, npOB3BO)UlTeJILHOCTL 2000 BSAeJIBi/Q npB AJIBTeJILHOCTH KJIa 1,5 MBH
B OAHOBpeMeHHOM npHMeHeHIDI50 <}IOPM, B KamAoi B3 KOTOpMX npOHCXOAIIT 40 BJ{-
JIOB. llpBMeHlIlI 25-1'He3AHLle <}IOPMM, MOiKHO nOJIyqBTL sa BOCLMB'lacoByIO CMeHY
400 000 ynJIOTHBTeJILHMX KOJIe KpyrJIOro CeQeHBlI. npo ecc npOBSBOACTBa <}IoPMO-
BMX AeTaJIei C npBMeHeHBeM nOA06Hoi JIBHBH AaeT B03MomHOCTL 3aMeHBTL Tpex
pa60QHX OAHBM onepaTopOM.
r J1ABA 16
nHTbEBblE MAWIIIHbl
IIpB npoB3BoAcTBe <}IOpMOBhIX pC3BHOTeXHH'leCKBX BSAeJIlm H pe3BHoBoH
06YBH Bce 60JILmee pacnpOCTpaBeHBe nOJIyqaeT MeToA JIBTLlI nOA AaB.JIeHBeM
HapllAY C MamBHaMB AJIlI JIBTLlI nOA AaBJIeHBeM TepMOnJIaCTOB OTe'leCTBeHHaJl
npOMhImJIeHHOCTL BLIDycKaeT pllA npeCCOB B MamBH AJIlI JIIITLlI nOA AaBJIeHBCM
pe3BHhI. JIBTLeBhIe MamllHhI B3rOTaBJIBBaIOT <}IBpMhI QCCp, <Dpr, IfTaJlBB, CIDA
B APyrBx CTpaH.
npo eCC npOll3BOACTBa pe3BHOBhIX BSAeJIBH JIBTLeM nOA AaBJIeHBeM lIBJIlIeTClI
BKJIuqeCKBM. Pe3BHOBaJl CMeCL B mnpB OBaHHor.1 BJIB BSMeJILqeHHOM BBAe (rpa-
HYJIhI, KyCKII) nOAaeTClI B JIBHAP npecca BJIB MaIDBHhI; TaM OHa HarpeBaeTClI,
nJIaCTB BpyeTClI, BnphICKBBaeTClI nOA onpeAeJIeHHhIM AaBJIeHBeM qepes ConJIO
B 060rpeBaeMyIO npecc-<}IopMY II ByJIKaHBsyeTClI.
no cpaBHeHBIO C APYI'BMB MeTOAaMB npoB3BoAc1'Ba <}IOpMOBhIX B3Aemm JIBTLe-
BOH MeTO,l( BMeeT pJlA npeBMyII\ecTB: peSKO CHBmaeTClI npoAOmRBTeJILHOCTL ByJI-
KaHB3a B, B pe3YJILTaTe 'lero npOBSBOABTeJILHOCTL TpYAa nOBLUDaeTClI Ha 35--
50%; cOKpa aeTClI 6palt B YJIY'lmaeTclI KaqeCTBO BSAeJIlm; OTXOAhI pe3BHH YMeHL-
maIOTClI Ha 25-30%; nOBhImaeTClI C'LeM npoAyK IDI C 1 M 2 npoll3BoAcTBeHBoH nJIO-
AB 6JIarOAapll BCKJIIO'leHBIO onepa H no 3arOTOKe AeTaJIeH B nOCJIeAYIO eH
06pa60TKe rOTOBhIX BSAeJIBH; nOllBJIneTClI B03MOiKHOCTL B3rOTaBJIBBaTL AeTaJIII
CJlOmHOH <}IOpMhI, BKJIIOqall peSBHOMeTaJIJIB'leCKBe BSAeJIBlI, II BOSMomHOCTL nOJI-
HOH MexaHBsa BB B aBTOMaTBsa npo ecca.
OAHaKo no cpaBHeHBIO C 06hI'lHhIMII npeccaMB AJIlI <}IopMoBaHBlI peSIIHOBhIX
HSAeJIBH 060pYAoBaHBe AJIlI JIBTLlI peSBHhI nOA AaBJIeHBeM CJIOmHee II ,l(opome,
KpOMe Toro, OOJIee TpYAoeMKB peMOHT B MempeMOHTHoe OOCJIymBBaHBe.
3<}1<}1eKTBBHOCTL npHMeHeHBJI yKasaBHoro MeTOAa B 3Ha'lBTeJILHOH Mepe saBB-
CRT OT npaBBJILHOCTB BhIoopa 060PYAOBaBBlI AJIlI AaBHoro accopTBMeHTa B OT KO-
JIB'leCTBa BLIPaoaThIBaeMhIX B3AeJIBH. OnhIT nOKaSaJI, 'lTO aTOT MeTOA HaB60JIee
a<}l<}leKTBBeH npB MaCCOBOM npOH3BOACTBe B3AeJIBH co cTa6BJILHOH peI\eDTYPOH
B He60JILmBM pasHo06pa3BeM no Macce, <}IopMe II paSMepaM.
B 3aBBCBMOCTB OT KOHCTPYK BB JIBTLeBOro YCTpOHCTBa paSJIB'laIOT nJIYHmep-
HLle, 'lepBlIqHLIe B 'lepB1I'lHO-nJlYHmepHhIe JIBTLeBhIe MamBHhI. JIBTLeBhIe MamBHhI
KJIaCcB<}I PYIOTClI TaKme no OO'LeMY BnphICKa, TBny npBBOAa (aJIeKTpB'leCKBH,
aJIeKTpOrBApaBJIB'leCKBH, rBApaBJIB'leCKBH), KOMnOHOBKe npeCCOBoro II BHmeK-
BOHHoro Y3JIOB (BepTBKaJILHhI , ropBSOHTaJILHLle, yrJIOBhIe), KOJIJr1IeCTBY JIHTbe-
BhIX YCTPOHCTB B npeCCOBhIX To'\teK (OAHOMeCTHhIe, MHorOMeCTHhIe).
16.1. J1HTbEBbIE MAWHHbl C nJ1YH>HEPHblM
HH>HEKLI,HOHHbIM ArPEr A TOM
JIBTLeBhIe MamUHhI C nJIYHiitepHhIM BHmeK HoHHhIM arperaToM cOKpam;CHHO
aaShIBalOTClI DJIYHmepHhIMB. CxeMa pa60ThI nJIYHmepHoro npecca nOKa3aHa Ha
pllC. 16.1. Ha BepxHeH HenOABBiRHOH TpaBepce 1 SaKpenJIeH HanopHhIH mTOK 2,
cmBMaIO H pe3BHOBYIO CMeCL 9. Ha nOABBmHOM CTOJIe 7 yCTaHaBJIBBaeTClI paS'LeM-
548
Ball npecc-«IioPMa, COCTOllm;all BS ABYX 'laCTeu: BlliKHeu 6 II BepxHeu 8. JIBTLeBall
KaMepa 9 MomeT nepeltfem;aTLClI B BepTIIKaJlLBOM HaUpaBJleHBII. AJln
eHTpBpOBa-
HBlI 4>OpMLI U JlBTLeBOU KaMepLI cJlymllT
eHTpBpYIOm;all mau6a 5.
npll nOMOm;H rJlApaBJlBqeCKBX
BJl1IBAPOB nOABBmHLIu CTOJI 7 C 4>OPMOU U JlBTL-
eBall KaMepa 90uycKaIOTclI. npB aTOM nOCJleAHlIlI nJlOTBO saKpLIBaeT 4>OPMY.. B Ra-
Mepy SaKJlaALIBaeTClI HaBeCKa nOAOrpeTOU peS1IBOBOU CMeCB 9, cooTBeTcTByIOm;all
o61.euy OTJlBBaeMOro BSAeJlBlI, B HBmHIIU CTOJI nOAHHMaeTClI BMeCTe C 4>OPMOU
B JlIITLeBOU KaMepou. HanopHLIu mTOK 2 BXOABT B JlBTLeBYIO KaMepy 9 II npeccyeT
peSBHOBYIO CMeCb, KOTOpall UOA AaBJleHBeM CTaHOBIITClI nJlaCTBqHOU B qepes KaHaJl 4
SaUOJlBlIeT npecc-4>opMY. ECJlu npecc-+oPMa 060rpeBaeTclI, ByJlKaHIIsa
BlI HSAe-
JlBJI npOIlCXOABT HenocpeACTBeHHO Ha JlBTI>eBOM npecce. ECJlB me npecc-+oPMa
PRe. 16.1. ITpBBD;BDBaJibBaB cxeMa BepTRK&JlItBOrO
JlRTbeBOro r
paBJIB'leCKOrO DJly&mepBoro Dpecca:
1 - seuOABIDlUlall 1'paBepCa; B - sanoplWlT IDTOK; a -
.lDl'l'l>eB8JI KaJlepa; 4 - JIBT&eBol KaRan; 6 - qeR1'pBpy-
101Q811 mal6a; 6 - IDDtIRJlII 'l8C'1'b npecc-41opMY; '1 - nOA-
BIIJIIRYtt CTO.II; 8 - BepXRIIII 'l8CTl> UP
PJIY; 9 - pe-
SHROBaSl CMeC&.
7
)
He 060rpeBaeTClI, TO UOCJlC aanOJlHeBBlI peS1IBOBOU CMeCLIO ee uepeAaIOT Ha ByJlKa-
WlSal\llOHHLIU npecc.
AaBJleHBe Ha pesBHoByIO CMeCL Upll JlHTbeBOM MeTOAe BSrOTOBJleHHlI BSAeJIIIU
COCTaBJllIeT OT 80 11,0 150 Mna.
ROBCTPYKTBBHoe BLInOJlHeHlle upecca C HumHBM paCUOJlOmeHlleM npeccyrom;ero
YSJla nORasaHO Ha pBC. 16.2; pa60qee yCBJlBe aToro npecca 1 MH.
. B paMHou CTaHHHC 14, BLInOJlHeHHOU BS JlBCTOBOro npOKaTa, HenoABBmHO
SaKpenJleHLI BepXHlIlI TpaBepca 9 B rJlaBHLIU rBAPO
BJlBHAP 1. Ha nJlYBmepe 2
paCnOJlOiKeH nOABBmHLIu CTOJI 19 AJllI yCTaBoBKB npecc-4>opM. rJlaBHLIU rBAPO-
BJlBBAP CBlISaH HanpaBJllIIOm;BMII KOJlOHHaMB 4 C BepxBeu HenoABBmBou TpaBepcou
9, Ba ROTOpOH SaKpenJleH nanopHLIu mTOK 8. nOABllmHall TpaBepca 7 MomeT nepe-
Mem;aTLClI no HanpaBJllIIOm;BM KOJlOBKaM 4 nOA AeUCTBBeM nop,nopHLIx rBApaBJlB'le-
CKBX I\IIJlBBAPOB 9. B nOABBmHou TpaBepce pacnOJlOmeH JlBTLeBOu
1IJ1BBAP 6
(c KaBaJlaMB AJllI I\IIpKYJlll
BII 060rpeBaIOm;eu mBAKOCTB BJIII napa) B JlIITLeBOe
conJlo 5.
OnycKaBBe CTOJla B nOABB»{HOU TpaBepCLI npOIlSBOABTClI rBApaBJllI1IeCKIDfB
peTypHLIMB
BJlBH.npaMB 10. ROHeqHOe nOJlOmeHBC CTOJl8 II TpaBepcLI 4>BKcBpyeTcJI
OrpaH1I'IBTeJlllMII 12. C60KY Ha paMe npecca pacnOJlOmeB KOJlJleKTOp 11. np
-
nBaJlLHall cxeMa rBApaBJllI1IeCKOrO JlBTLeBOro npecca C BepXHIDf pacnOJlOmeBBeM
npeccyrom;ero YSJla npBBeAeHa Ha pBC. 16.3. HHmeKl\lloHHLIU yseJl aTOU MaIJT-:IHLI
pacnOJlOmeH B HenoABBmBOM CTOJle. npecc paCCqBTaH Ba pa6o'lee yCBJllle npecco-
BaBlIlI 4,5 MH.
OCBoBaHBe npecca 1 H BBmllJln TpaBepca 5 CBlISaHLI C BepxHeu TpaBf-t'coii 9
'leTLIpJ.MlI KOJlOHHaMB 8. Ha BHiKHeii TpaBepce SaKpeUJleH BenoABllmBLlt: CTOJI 7
C JlBTLeBOU RaMepou 6.
549
R CTOJIY Ha THrax 3 KpeDBTCH Kopnyc JIBTLeBOro rUp,paBJIB'leCKOrO
BJIBBp,pa 2
p,BaMeTpOM 200 MM (p,BaMeTp JIBTLeBOO KaMepLl 85 MM), a TaKme rBp,pO
BJIJlJlAP
p,BooHoro p,eocTBBH C ABaMeTpOM 85 MM p,JIH DOp..LeMall onYCKaHBH KapeTKB
3
'"
2
PRe. 16.2. JIRTbeBOB: rHApaBJllJ1lecKRi DJIyB)I(epBbli Dpecc C pa60'IBM YCRJIReM DpeccoBa-
BRJI 1 MH:
1 - rJlaBHblA rImPOl\HJlHHAP; 2 - 1UJYf!lf<ep; 3 - DOADopHble QllJlllllApy; 4 - HaupaBnlllOlQlle KOJlOIIBY; 5 -
JlHT&eBOe conJlo; 6 - JlHTbeBoA l\HJlH!I.IIP; 1 - nOABlllf<H8JI TPaBepCa; 8 - HaDOpHUA mTOK; 9 - HeJIOABlllf<H8JI
TPaaepca; 10 - peTypllble rH)1pOl\HJlBHApbl; 11 - KOJlJleKTOp; 12 - OrpaRlJ1lllTeJlH; 13 - CTOJI; 14 - paMB8JI
CTaHBHa.
npOM
mYTOqHOO DJIBTLI npecc-<}IopMLl. npecc cHa6meH BLITaJIKBBaTeJIeM p,JIH
pa3'LeMa npecc-<}IopM. BLlTaJIKBBaTeJIB 17 npBBop,HTCH B p,eOCTBBe OT rBp,po-
BJlBHp,pOB (p,uaMeTpOM 60 MM). B BepXHeo TpaBepce 13 CMOHTBpOBaH yaeJI npec-
COBaHBH, BKJIIOqaIO
BO rJIaBHLlO
BJIBHp,p (ABaMeTpOM 535 MM) C nJIyumepOM 12,
nepeMe
aIOm;BMCH no KOJIOHHaM 8 Dpecca.
IIop,'LeM nJIYHmepa B BepXHee DCXOAHOe nOJIOmeHDe DpODSBOp,DTC1I peTypHbIMD
rDp,pO
JIJIHp,paMD 15 p,DaMeTpOM 80 MM. PaOOqee p,aBJIeHDe B rDp,pOCDCTeMe 20 MIIa.
mDp,KOCTb Dop,aeTCH HaCOCOM H403E npOD3-
Bop,uTeJIbHOCTbIO 35 JI/MHH. PesepByap 14
]1.JIR MaCJIa yCTaHOBJIeH Ha BepxHeii TpaBepce
npecca. IIJIBTa npecca D JIBTbeBOii I\DJIHHp,p 1'1
OOOrpeBaIOTCR napOM C p,aBJIeHDeM 2,2 MIIa.
TeXHJr1IeCKaR xapaKTepDCTDKa OTeqeCT-
BeHHbIX rDp,paBJIJr1IeCKDX JIDTbeBbIX nJIYH-
mepHbIX npeccoB npDBep,eHa B TaOJI. 16.1.
rDp,paBJIDqeCKDe DJIYHmepHbIe npeccbI
BbInycKaIOTcR TaKme ipDpMaMD ((BeKKep
l1epKDHc» (AurJIDH), «I1DpeJIJIU» (HTaJIDH)
D Q. U
<DDpMa «I1DpeJIJIU» (HTaJIDH) BbInycKaeT
rDp,paBJIB1IeCKDe nJIYHmepHbIe JIDTbeBbIe
npeCCbI P,BYX TDnopa3MepOB. 110 KOHCTpyK- 12
I(BII OHD OJID3KD K npeccy, nOKaSaHHOMY Ha
pDC. 16.3. 3TD npeCCbI xapaKTepD3YIOTCH 11 fG
JIep,YIOm;DMD p,aHHbIMD: 10
0,6
0,265
600
7
¥CRllHe npeCCOBaBRJI, MH
Pa3MepLl nJIBT, MM . . .
¥CRllHe, pa3BHBaeMoe
llRTbeBLlM rRAPOD;RJlHB-
APOM, MH . . . . . .
061teM llRTbeBOH KaMepy,
CM3 . . . . . . . . .
aBJIeHRe o60rpeBaIOlQe-
ro napa, MIIa . . .. 2 2
I1pDBop, npeccoB ,paCC1IBTaH Ha paOOTY
5
p,ByM1I paSJIB1IHbIMD 3Ha1leBJI1lMD ]1.aBJIeHBR
B rDp,pOCDCTeMe, npeCCbI BMeIOT p,Be CKo-
pOCTD 3aKpbIBaHD1I.
rOpR1IaR pe3HHOBaH 3arOTOBKa, nOJIY- J
1IaeMaR wnpD
eBaHDeM Ha OTp,eJIbHOB yCTa-
HOBKe . C aBTOMaTJr1IeCKBM p,03DpOBaHDeM, 2
3aKJIap,bIBaeTCH B', JIDTbeByro KaMepy Bpyq-
HYIO.
JI1I JIBTbH D3p,eJIDB, BbInYCKaeMbIX
HeOOJIbWBMD cepDHMD, Macca KOTOpbIX
npeBbIWaeT 250-300 r,
eJIecOOOpasHo npD-
MeHRTb ObIcTp03aKpbIBaIOm;DecR OObI1IHbIe
BYJIKaHD3a
DOHHbIe npeCCbI, cHaomeHHbIe
JIDTbeBbIMD rOJIOBKaMD. 'Y CDJIDe npeCCOBa-
HUR 3TDX npeCCOB COCTaBJIReT 0,6; 1; 2 D
3 MH; yCDJIDe, paSBDBaeMoe JIDTbeBbIM
-
JIDHp,pOM, paBHO COOTBeTCTBeHHO 0,15, 0,36,
0,6 D 0,6 MH.
'B nOCJIep,Hee BpeMR p,JI1I MeJIKOCepBii-
Horo npOD3Bop,CTBa npBMeHRIOT JIBTbeBbIe
npeCCbI C BepXHBM pacnOJIOmeHUeM rDp,paB-
JIB1IeCKOrO Y3JIa D C p,OnOJIHDTeJIbHJ.IM yc-
TpOBCTBOM 1IepBJI1IHOrO TDna p,JIH npep,BapBTeJIbHOB nJIaCTDKa
BB MaTepBaJIa. 3TO
COKpam;aeT npOp,OJIarnTeJIbHOCTb
DKJIa B nOHDmaeT HeOOXOp,BMoe p,aBJIeHDe BnpbICKa.
THn I
2,5-4,5
600 X 600
THn II
0,8-1,6
400 X 400
9
8
1600
G
*
PRC. 16.3. JlHTl>eBoi rRApaBJIR'lecKRii
DJIyumepBbli Dp8CC C pa60'IRM YCRllReM
DpeccoBa&Ba 4,5 MH:
1 - OCBOBaBBe upecca; B - rRJ\POQWIBRAP
.JIJITbeBOro YCTPOACTBa; 8 - TllrB; 4 - IDTOK;
6 - JllDl(BIIJI 1'paBepca; 6 - mrr&eB811 KaMepa;
, - ReUOABII)f(BJ.rI!: CTOJI; 8 - KOnORHa; 9-
BepXRBit CTOn; 10 - BepXIIJUI upoKna,QKa; 11 _
KapeTKa; 18 - DJlyJIJf(ep rnllBRoro QRnRRApa
upeccYJOlQero yana; 18 - BepXIIJUI 1'paBePCS;
14 - peaepByap AM MaMa; 16 - PeTypmdt
rBApOQRmmAp; 16 - Tllra; IV - Orp8RB'lH-
TenD.
551
T46.4u'la 16.1. TeXIIIl1l9CKaa xapaRTepllCTllKa ueprHRu.ablx ftJiyiiHcepsbix mlTiJeBbiX
DpeeCOB NUl pe8nbl, B8l'OTaB.TlllBaeMbIX OTe1JecTBeBBOi DpOlOtIIWIeBBOCTItIO
I nJI-100P I 450-600n , .. 0 - 3 3 8 "-
9 '. 1 I 21>-40091
(1-2010) (252-011).... ...." · (252021)
ROBCTpYKD;WI npecca . . PaMHbli
Pa3BBBaellIOe YCJIJIlle, MH
,IJ;naMeTp rllaBBOrO DllYB-
mepa, MM . . . , .
XOA rllaBBoro DllyH)I(epa
opecca, MM .....
Pa60'lee AaBlleHHe B rllaB-
BOM fnp;poD;u.JlHBP.pe,
Mila ., ,....
,IJ; &BneBee Ba MaTepHaJI B
JlRTbeBOB K8IoIepe, Mila
P aaM8 pH JInTbeBoi KaMe-
pili . . . . . . .
BsyTpeBBBi
aM8Tp,
101M ......
my6ua, MAt . . .
eMKOCTb, eM' . . .
TeMnepaTypa BarpeBa
nllllT, 2C .....
¥ CIIllHe, paaBBBa9Moe
ABYMJI peTYPmum D;R-
JIHBApaMR, KH . . . .
,IJ; &BlleBBe mBAKOCTH B
peTypBblx D;Hll
pax,
Mna ........
,IJ;uaMeTp nJIYH)I(epa B pe-
TYPBblX I\HJIHBp;paX, 101M
¥ CUllHe, pa3BBBaeMoe
AByMJI I\RJlHHApaMH
DO.D,'LeMa, KH
,IJ;H8IoIeTp DllYH)l(epa D;H-
llHBP.pa nOA'It9Ma, 101M
,IJ;&BlleHHe mup;KOCTR B
D;RllHBApax nOp;'LeMa,
Mna ........
Pa3BBBaeMoe YCBJIUe D;H-
. JIHBAPa ne.peABH)I(eBWI
CTOJIa, KH , . .
,IJ;uaMeTp nllYJUKepa I\H-
JIHHApa nepeMe
eBHJI
CT6J1a, 101M . . .
,IJ;aBlleBHe mHAI
OCTB B I\U-
JIHB,JJ;pe nepeMe
eBBJI
CTona, Mlla . . . . .
Pa60'lu DpOCBeT Dpecca,
M)I .........
PaaMep pa60'lero CTOlla,
101101 .......
fB,JJ;p,OnpBBOP;
&.DeKTpOABlII'aT8JI1>
TOO . . . . .
MO
BOCTb, KBT
lIaCTOTA BpaJl(8-
BBJI, 06/MBB
552
1 4.5
340 535
300 650
12 20
80 110
130 85
335 375
4200 905
250 210
76 176/113
12 20
60 80
10 48
50 60
2,5 20
7
60
250
500 700
445X445 6oox600
AO-51-6 A02-61-4
2.8
950
13
1450
RonOBBLlH
6.3
500
630
32
102
1000
30 000
110
350
12.5
75
500
50
12,5
140/75
60
1250
1000
800 X 800
A02-72-4;
A02-7t-4:
A020-52-6;
AOJI2-31-4
30; 22; 7,5; 2,2
1460; 1460;
970; 1430
12.5
710
1775
30
100
400
90000
110
1400
12,5
100
1500
1500 X
x 2000
H-Ol09
qeJllOcTBoi RonoB-
Bblii
0,25 3
tOO 600
300 900
11 12
13.2 30
40 220
140 550
200 20 000
250 110
30 320
11 12
40 130
17 70
60
11 12
11
300 400
4OOx400 350 X 400
llpoaO.A.:JICeltue ma6A. 16.1
I nJI-l00P 1 450-600n I ,D;O-338 ,D;-59U I 25-400 H I H-01011
(1-2010) (21)2-01f) (21)2021)
fH poupHBO I
Bacoc
THn . Br14-13A H-403E H-403; MBH-6; QC-70M Bf-12-21
H-401; Bf11-23A
anlleBHe, Mna 12/2.5 20 12.5
npOH3BO,ll,HTellb-
B001'b, ll/MDB Sj'.!.O 8
fa6apHTBYe pa3Mepbl, MM 6250
,ll,JlJura . 1225 1900 11700 1470 1400
mHpHHa 800 1420 5200 12 700 1080 1100
BWCOTa 2590 4519 6310 10445 2100 4500
Macca, T . . 3.0 9.4 33,5 1.7 12,7
B eJI1Ix YMeHLWeHU1I BblCOTbJ npecca H BO Ha6emaBBe He06xo;P;HMOCTU YCTpoi-
CTBa DpU1IMKa HmKeK HoHHoe nJIYHmepHoe YCTPOHCTBO paCDOJIOmeHO ropH30H-
TaJILBO. JIHTLCBOH npecc GSP 400/90P ipHpMLI «BepBep - llipJI1IH;p;epep» ($pr)
XapaltTepH3ycTC1I YCHJIHeM CMbIKaBH1I ipOpMLI 4 MH, YCHJIHeM HHmeK HH 0;9 MH
H 06'LeMOM BnpLICKa 4700 CM 3 : 'Y &TOrO Dpecca BMeeTC1I YCTPOHCTBO ;P;JI1I npe;p;BapH-
TeJILBOD: nJIaCTUKa HH MaTepHaJIa, a lIHmeR oHBLIii y3eJI pacnOJIOmeH ropH30H-
TaJiLBO. IIpu TaKOM pacnOJIOmeBJIH HHmeR OBHoro Y3JIa B03paCTaeT ;P;JIBBa JIHTLe-
Boro KaHaJIa. O;P;HaKo TaKOH npecc MomHO YCTaBaBJIBBaTL Ha Me>K,D;yaTamHLIx
DepeKpLlTH1IX. ,
RpOMC onucaHHLlX BLIWC O;P;HOMeCTHLIX nJIYHmepHLIx npeCCOB MHorue ipUpMW
BLInYCKalOT TaKme MHorOMeCTHLIe JIliTheBLIe MaWBBLI C DJIymRepHLIM UBmeKIUloH-
BLIM YCTPOD:CTBOM. IIpuMepoM TaKon: YCTaHOBRU MomeT CJIymuTh yCTaHoBKa TUDa
SPA ipUpMLI «3aii;P;JI» (<Dpr) , DOI<a3aHHa1l Ba pBC. 16.4. 3Ta YCTaHOBKa COCTOBT
U3 CJIeAYIO ux Y3JIOB: nJIYHmepHoro JlHTLeBOro YCTpoiicTBa 1; KopDyca MaIDUHhl
c Kpyr.JILlM Bpam;alO UMC1I CTOJIOM 4 U BeCKOJILKUMU ipOpMOBLIMH CTaH U1IMB;
rU;p;paBJIUqeCKOH YCTaHOBKU; wKaipa 6 C aJIeKTpo060Py;p;oBaHueM; nYJIhTa ynpaIJJle-
HU1I 2. ,IJ.aBJJeHHe B JIHTLeBOM IUlJIHH;p;pe DJIyHmepBoro JIHTLeBOro YCTpOHCTBa
COCTaBJI1IeT 14 Mna.
BJlaro;p;ap1l MYJILTHDJIHKaTOPy C OTHoweBBeM 1 : 6 pe3HBOBa1l CMeCL BCIILITW-
BaeT ;p;aBJIeHHe, paBHoe 80 MIIa. JIBTheBOH HJlHHAP BLIDOJIHeH B BH;p;e peBOJILBepHOH
rOJIOBKH,- nOBOpaqHBaIO eiiC1l Ha 180°. IIocJIeAB1I1I HMeeT sap1l;JJ;BhIe YCTpoiicTBa 1()
H 11 AJI1I 606uH C lio;p;orpeTLIM MaTepHaJIOM eMKOCThlO 6,5 JI Kam;p;a1l. 1l0cJIe Toro
KaK 606HHa BCTaBJIeBa B aap1l;P;BOe YCTpoiicTBO, peBOJILBepHa1l rOJIOBKa DOBOpa'lU-
Bae-rC1I Ha 180° B 3ap1l;P;BOe YCTpoiicTBO OK&3LIBaeTC1I npOTUB oqepeABoii npecc-ipop-
MLI Ha KpyrJIOM Bpa alO eMC1I CTOJle 4. 3aTeM JIHTheBOe YCTpoiicTBO npHmBMaeTCJI
K ipopMe, DJIYHmep npHBO;p;HTC1I B ;P;BBmeHHe, H no;p; ero ;p;aBJIeBHeM MaTepHaJI BnpIal-
CKBBaCTC1I qepe3 JIHTLeBOe ConJIO B ipOPMY.
PeBOJIhBCpHa1l rOJIOBKa H KOHe DJIYBmepa MorYT 6WTh no;p;orpeTLI ;p;o 60-
120°C B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT Depepa6aTLIBaeMoii CMecu. QT06LI ripe;P;OTBpaTHTh BLI;p;a-
BJIHBaHHe CMCCH H3 ipoPMLI B 06pasoBaBBe 3ayceB eB, MaWBBa B KOH e BnpblCKa
aBTOMaTJr1IeCKU DepeRJIIOqaeTC1I Ba pa60TY npB DOBHmeBBOM ;p;aBJIeBBB, peryJIHpy-
eMOM B He06xo;P;HMWX npe;p;eJIax. TeMnepaTYPBLIii pemBM MamHHLI perYJIHpyeTC1I
aBTOMamqeCKH C TO'lHOCThlO ;p;o :t 1°C. ,IJ.JI1I TO'lBOii eHTpOBKB JIBTheBOro CODJIa
C OTBepCTHeM B ipopMe DOJIOmeHHe JIUTLeBOro YCTpoiicTBa MomHO perYJIHpOBaTb
npH nOMOm;H rH;p;poycTaHoBKH B ropB30HTaJIbHOM B BepTBKaJIbHOM BanpaBJIeHlf1lX.
nOBOpa'lHBaHlfeM JIHTbeBOro YCTpoiicTBa Ha 90° MomBO 06eCne'lHTb cB060;P;BLIB ;p;o-
cTyn K CODJIY H BHYTpeHHeii DOJIOCTlf HJIHH;p;pa ;P;JI1I ero CTRH, npOBepKH If aaMeHb1
JIlfTheBOrO CODJla. 1l0cJIe;P;Hee JIerKO CHlfMaeTC1I DOCJlC OTBlfH'llfBaHH1I HtiRlfABoii
raiiKH.
553.
¥CHllHe 3a)l(HMa npecc-
(lOPMbI, MH , . . 0,07 0-1.2 3 5
qRCllO Dpecc-(lopM . 8 5 1 1
MaKCHMaJIbR8J1 TeMRepaTypa
BYJIK8BH3a
HH, !!C . . . . . 200 200 230 230
II pO
Oll)l(nTellbBocTb BYJlKaBH- 1-10 0,5-15
aaD;HH, MHB . . . . 2-16 0.5-15
IIoABOAHM8J1 MOm;BOCTb, RBT 23 46 25.5 35,0
faoapHTHbIe pa3Mepbl, 101M 2460 3500 1727 2300
AllHHa
mHpHsa 1800 3500 1875 2000
BblCOTa 2250 1700 2800 3000
Macca, T 3.4 13 7,6 10
llJIYHmepHbIe JIUTLeBbIe MamUHbI O'leHL pacnpocTpaHeHbI B pesuHoBoD npoMbI-
WJIeHHOCTU. OHU aKOHOMB'lHbI Aame npu He60JILmUX napTUlIX U3rOTaBJIUBaeMbIX
U3AeJIUD, 06eCne'lUBaIOT AOCTaTO'lHO 60JILmOe AaBJIeHUe JIUTLlI - AO 300 Mlla
U 6oJIee, OTJIUqaIOTClI npocTOToD KOHCTpyR
lIII. B npaKTUKe OTeqeCTBeHHLlX 3aBOAOB
pesuHoBoD npOMbImJIeHHOCTU AJIlI u3rOTOBJIeHUlI KpynHora6apuTHbIx <}IOpMOBbIX
U3AeJIUD U USAeJIUD CJIOmHOD <}IOpMbI C ycnexoM npUMeHlIIOTClI rUApaBJIB'leClme
nJIYHmepHbIe JIUTLeBbIe MaWUHbI pa3JIUqHbIX pa3MepOB C YCUJIUeM npeCCOBaHUlI OT 1
AO 12 MH, xapaKTepUCTUKa KOTOpbIX npBBeAeHa BbIme (CM. Ta6JI. 16.1).
OAHaKo aTU MamUHbI UMeIOT U pllA cym;ecTBeHHbIX HeAOCTaTKOB: 60JILmall BbI-
COTa npu BepTUKaJILHOM UCnOJIHeHUU, Heo6xoABMoCTL UMeTL AOnOJIHUTeJILHbIe
A03UpYIOm;ee U nOAorpeBaTeJILHOe yCTpODCTBO AJIlI nOJIyqeHUlI 3arOTOBOK pe3uHo-
BOD cMecu, cpaBHUTeJILHall TPYAHOCTL MexaHu3a
uB npo
ecca nOAa'lu 3arOTOBKB
B JIUTLeBYIO KaMepy npecca.
16.2. nHTbEBbiE MAWHHbl C LlEPBflLlHblM HHH<EKLJ.HOHHblM
ArPEr A TOM (LlEPBflLlHbIE)
,rI.JIlI JIUTLlI pesuHbI nOA AaBJIeHUeM HapllAY C MamllHaMII nJIyHmepHoro Tuna
BbInYCKaIOTClI BepTUKaJIbHbIe U ropU30HTaJILHbIe MamUHbI C BHmeK
BOHHbIM arpe-
raTOM qepBlI'tHoro Tllna, Ha3bIBaeMbIe qepBlIqHhIMU.
B CCCP qepBlIqHbIe JlBTLeBbIe MamUHbI (npeCCbI) AJIlI peSUHbI BbInym;eHbI II aKC-
nJIyaTupyroTClI ABYX Tunopa3MepOB: BepTUKaJILHbJD npecc 1\-2 C AaBJIeHUeM JIIITLlI
160 Mlla.u ropU30HTaJILHall JIIITLeBall MamUHa 1{-4 C oAHono3u
uoHHOD npeccy-
IOm;eD rpynnoD. BbmycKaIOTclI TaKme KapyceJILHbIe qepB1I'IBbIe nOJIyaBToMaTbI
KOHCTpyR
UU 3aBOAa «l\pacHbID pe3BHm;UK» AJIlI B3rOTOBJIeHUlI <}IOPMOBbIX AeTaJIeD
cpeAHux (Tun I) U MeJIKUX (Tun II) pa3MepOB. I\poMe Toro, BHCTBTYTOM
BHUUPTMAIII pa3pa6oTaHbI B U3rOTOBJIeHbI npOMLIlDJIeBHbIe 06paS
bI HOBbIX qep-
BlIqHbIX JIUTLeBbIX MamUH AJIlI pe3UHbI, KOTopbIe HaMeQeHO BbInycKaTL cepUDHO
B 6JIBmaDmee BpeMlI.
TeXHUqeCKall xapaKTepUCTUKa OTe'leCTBeHHbIX QepBlIqHbIX JIUTLeBbIX MamJIH
npUBOAUTClI B Ta6JI. 16.2.
UHmeK
uoHHbIe arperaTbI QepBlI'IHOrO Tuna ooeCneQUBaIOT AaBJIeHUe JIUTLlI
AO 30 Mlla. OHU npUMeHlIIOTClI AJIlI U3rOTOBJIeBUlI He6oJILmIlX, npOCTbIX no KOH<}IU-
rypa
uu AeTaJIeD.
llpu nOBbImeHBU AaBJIeHUlI B <}IopMe B03HUKaeT 06paTHbID nOTOK MaTepUaJIa
Meil\AY CTeHKOD
JIUHApa MaWUHbI U QepBlIKOM, U AaBJIeHUe JIBTLlI naAaeT. ,rI.JIlI
YCTpaHeHBlI aToro lIBJIeHUlI npllMeHlIIOTClI YCTpODCTBa B BRAe nopora IIJIU meCTep-
HeD, HaXOAlIm;BXClI B 3a
enJIeHUII C Hape3KOD QepBlIKa. C nOMOm;LIO TaKUX YCTPODCTB
AaBJIeHUe JIUTLlI MomHO nOBbICUTL AO 150-170 Mlla.
JIIITLeBoe YCTPODCTBO TaKOD MamBHbI cHa6meHo qepBlIKOM C OTHOmeHUeM
, AJIB1II>I K ABaMeTpy OT 8: 1 AO 12 : 1; CTeneHL CmaTlIlI AOCTuraeT 1,3-1,4. QUJIBHAP
555
Ta6.4.Ulfa 16.2. TeXBH'IeCKaJl xapaKTepBCTBKa OTe'leCTBe.......X JDITI>eBhlX MamHH
1JepBJI'lBOI'O THna
llJl peaHHhI
b I =
I:: ==
MalllBUbi H "" ...'"
.., Q,8.-
., .,
JlIITbenl>le Q, EI :C;G)S
KOHCT
IIIJ.HB ... "" =2'"
aaBO)l.8« P8CRblII = c:"':' !<D c: ....,.,
OS 0_ 0 <D
OS Q.<
pCaHRII\IIK') .. "'''' ",' .. , c....
., <oJ, .,t- ., '= ><,g
U8 p811e1'p1ol 011'= "''= 011- "'c:'=
,,"'" ..
., Ii'" &j:2l'" =:210
="" :S:"" 01111 :s
0;..... c::.::...... e:;C:
'= ..'= !;I
t :a..
OS.", ,,"0'=
.... 5<;' ",of) OS 111'= .
o
.... .... <-"" '"0 t;-;: '"10 s:>oc>
e- .,' el 8.fca
1:1 1:1 OS I:;: Q,- Q,,,,
== == ::;:;::;;: <-I:;:
<
oC:.n
.. .. « <'" <.:..,""
ROBCTPYKD;HJI MamBB Rapycem.Bble fOpB30BTallbBble BepTHKallb- fOpR30B- BepTu-
pOTopHble BblB C ne- T&JlbBbli KaJlbBbli
peMem.eBBeM C pOTOpOM
JIRTbeBOro B BepTR-
YCTpOBCTBa KallbBYMH
no 4IPOBTY (lopMo,J:{ep-
maTellJlMB
¥CRJIBe JIRTbJl, MH 3 3 17 17 17 16 15
Y CRJlBe aamRMa MDT,
MH 3 3 2.5 2.5 2.5 4 4
061.eM BnpblCKa. CM3 700 500 250 250 250 400 11000
qHCllO YCTaROBlleB-
HIIIX c)OPM .. . . 10 5 1 4 3 6 1
Pa60'lee AaBJleBBe B
rHAPOCBCTcMe, Mlla 6 6 10 10-20 5; 10; 20 10 10
.I\uaMeTp 'IepBIIKa, MM 63 63 45 45 45 80 -
qacTOTa Bpam.eBBH
tJepBJlKa, 06/AfRB 23; 33; 78 33; 41; 3O-t2O 30-120 46; 50; -
44;77 48; 59; 51: 61;
68: 99 72; 82
Pa3Mep npecc-(lopM,
101M
AJIRHa 400 400 400 400 400 500 600
mRpRHa 400 400 400 400 400 400 650
BYCOTa - - 40-120 4O-t20 40-150 40-150 650
Pa60'lD npOCBeT
. npecca, W( , . . . - - - - - 400 700
Cnoc06 BarpeBa nJIaT HBAYKD;BOBBJdii 311eKTpB'looKBii: napoBoii
911eKTpB1J8CKRB
M OIlJ,llOCTL Barpeua-
.,eJIbBblX 911eMeBTOB,
KBT . . 12 8 10,4 16 18 48 -
TeMncpaTypa BarpeBa, .I\o 200 130- 130-200
DC . . . . . . . . .I\ 0 200 130-200 )J;0200 100
200
MOJIUIOCTb 311eKTpo-
BHraTellei, KBT 16 7 15.4 20,0 21,0 18,5 55
fa6apRTBble paaMepbl,
101M
AllJISa 3180 2340 3900 4250 5600 7450 2312-
mBpBBa 3030 2050 3600 2600 3000 3500 2200
BblCOTa 2350 2350 2700 2500 3200 4300 578i
Macca, T 8 3,4 8,0 8,7 13,5 29,0 -
.. Arper8T upeAII8aaaqeS Ami a8nOJlsesWI CIoIPOil: pe3BSOBOil: CIIecblO IIPecootOpM C noon."IO.1 8yn-
KaBB381(KeiI: B 8BTOKnaae BJlK R BynK8J1BS8nBOBSOM upecce.
556
BMeeT BeCROJILRO 80H ooorpena: TeMnepaTypa no p;JIHHe n;UJIHHp;pa ROJIeOJIeTCSI OT
20-25 °C B SO He sarpYSRU p;o 100°C B SOHe rOJIOBRU.
I1uTaHue JIUTLeBOro YCTpODCTBa '1epBJI1IBOrO Tuna peSUHOBoi CMeCLIO B Bup;e
rpaHYJI UJIU JIeHTLI (c RaTymRU) npOUSBOp;HTCSI '1epes sarPYSO'lHYIO BOpOBRY U MO-
meT OLITL MexaBusupOBaHO. PeSUBOBaSl CMeCL, nop;aBaeMaSl B MaIDUBY, Be symp;aeTCSI
B nop;orpeBe, TaR RaR OBa HarpeBaeTCSI U nJIaCTHn;UPyeTcSI B D;1IJIHHp;pe HHmeRn;1IOB-
Boro YCTpODCTBa.
CxeMa UHmeRn;UOHHoro YCTpODCTBa '1epBSI'IHOrO Tuna C nop;aqeu peSUHOBOH
Cl\feCU B Bup;e JIeBTLI C RaTymRu 7 nORasaBa Ba pUC. 16.5, a, a UHmeRn;UOHBoro
arperaTa C sanopHLlM YCTpoiicT- 8
BOM B Bup;e meCTepBB 9, HaX01J;SI-
eiicSI B san;enJIeBBU C '1epnSlROM
3, p;nSl YMeHhmeBBSI npOTUBOTOKa
CMeCH npu nOBLlmemm p;aBJIeH1IS1
B
opMe - Ba pUC. 16.5, 6. ,
HHor1J;a p;nSl npep;OTBpalD;eHUSI
npOTHBOTORa npHMeBSleTCSI ynJIOT-
BSlIOID;ee YCTpoiicTBO B BU1J;e sa-
nopBoro Konn;a 5 (pHC. 16.6),
upenSlTcTBYlOlD;ero oopaTHoMY ne-
peTeRaBBIO pesHHoBoH CMeCB no
BUTRaM '1epBSlKa B MOMeBT BnpLl-
CRa CMecu B
OPMY. KOJILn;O Bpa-
aeTCSI BMeCTe C '1epBSlKOM 6;
rOJIOBKa MyBp;DITYRa 2 B 3TOM
-CJI}"Iae HMeeT OTRpLlToe conJIO 1.
BepTuKaJILBaSl '1epBJI1IBaSl
JIBTLeBaSl MamUBa K-2 (puc. 16.7)
BLlnOJIHeHa B BU1J;e '1eJIIOCTHOro _
npecca. HHmeRD;1IoBHLlH arperaT
4 '1epBJI1IHOrO Tuna pacnOJIOmeH
BepTURaJILHO H MomeT nepeMe-
aTLCSI no BLlCOTe npH nOMolD;H
rHp;paBJIH'leCRUX YCTPOHCTB 5 U 6.
npBB01J; p;Byxsaxop;Horo '1epBSlRa
OCyJD;eCTBJISleTCSI OT 3JIeRTpOp;BH-
raTeJISI.10 '1epes RJIHHOpeMeBHyro
nepe1J;a'lY 11 U ROPOOKY cRopocTeH
2, YCTaBOBJIeBBYIO B BepxHeH '1a-
CTH cTammLl1. npeccyroJD;Hii yseJI npUBOp;HTCSI B 1J;BHmeHUe OT rUp;paBJIH'leCROH
CTaBn;UU 9. <I>opMa YCTaHaBJIUBaeTCSI Ha n01J;BUmBbIH CTOJI 7 U samm.t:aeTCSI 11M B
'1eJIIOCTHOM npOCBeTe npecca 1J;aBJIeHHeM p;o 150 Mna. JIuTLeBaSl rOJIOBRa 4 onYCKaeTCSI
DpU nOMOID;H rUp;paBJI1I'IeCRUX YCTPOHCTB 5 B 6 H npUmHMaeTCSI R
opMe 1J;aBJIe-
oeM p;o 40 Mna.
KOBTPOJILBHH RJIanaB rOJIOBKU C COnJIOM 3 OTRpLlBaeTCSI nepep; SanOJIBemeM
OpMLI pesHBoBoH CMeCLIO. no SanOJIHemm
OpMLI RJIanaH aBTOMaTU'IeCKU saRpLl-
BaeTCSI. nJIUTLI npecca cHaomeBLI 3JIeKTpOBarpeBaTeJILBLlMH 3JIeMeBTaMH, 06ecne-
'1HBaIOID;Bl\fH HarpeB npecc-
opM p;o TeMnepaTYPbl BYJIKaHUsan;BB.
BepTHRaJILBHe Mammm: BeY1J;OOHLI P;JISI DOp;a'lH MaTepUaJIa, n03TOMY OOJILmee
pacnpOCTpaHeBue nOJI}"IHJm MamBHLI c ropUSOBTaJILHbIM pacnOJIOmemeM HHmeR-
n;UOBBoro YCTpoHcTBa.
npeHMyJD;ecTBOM JIHTLeBLlX Mama '1epBJI1IBOrO Tuna nepep; nJIyBmepBLlMB
1IBJISleTCSI BOSMomBOCTL USMeBeHUSI P;OSLI BnpLlCRa B mupOKUX npep;eJIax, orpaH.H'lu-
BaeMLlX JIBDIL BospaCTaBBeM 1J;aBJIeBBSI B
opMe B peSRHM YBeJm'leHUeM npOTUBOTORa
. ..g-
PBC. 16.5. CxeMbl HBmeKD;HOBBblX YSJlOB 'IepBB'lBOrO
TBDa JIHTb8Bwt MamBB
JIa peaRBY:
a - UBTaTenb (lea aaDopnoro YCTPottCTBa; 6 - UBTaTemt c
a8UopHWM YCTPOttCTBOM B BBlte mecTepBB;
1 - ronoBKa QllJIllHAPa; 2 - KOpD}'C uamnrJlpa; 8 - 'Iepalll<;
4 - 9neK1'pOltBBraTCJIb DpBBOna qepBIIKa; S - aarpyao'lll&JI DO-
pORKa; 6 - neHTa pE'aBHoBott cMeaB; 1 - KaTYtDKa; 8 - P6AyJC-
TOp; 9 - a8UOpH&JI meCTepRII.
557
.5
7
PRe. 16,6. CxeMa rOJIOBBOH 'IaCTR
HllRB
pa 'IepBB'lBOrO DRTaIOII.{ero YCTpoicTBa C ynllOTBeBReM
B BRAe 3aDopBoro KOJIIt
a:
1 - COUJlO; 2 - rOJlOBKa MYlI)tWTYKa; 3 - MyJI)tWTYK; 4 - KOPOYC l\HJlBB)tpa; 5 - 381IOpHOe KOJlbl\O: 6 - qep-
BilK: 1 - KaBaJl.. )tJlII o(iorpeBa l\HJlHIIJ1.pa; 8 - TOpoell006pa3RMI 1'0JlOBKa qepBIIKa,
l.1 I
11 I
I tr==-f=:;I
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:
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8
PRe. 16.7. OOIl.{Ri BH
'IepBB1JHOH llHTlteBOH MaWRBY R-2:
1 - CTaHIIHa; 2 - Kop06Ka CKOPOCTCtt; 8 - JlBTbeBOe COOJlO; 4 - qepBllqRall JlBTbeBall rOJlOBKa; 5, 6 - rBltPo-
YCTpottCTBa IImI uepe)tBB)f(eRHII JlBTbeBott roJlOBKB; 1 - HB)f(BBtt CTOJI; 8 - OJlYII)f(CP; 9 - rBJtpaBJIII'lecKall
CTaRl\IIII; 10 - BJleKTPo)tBBraTCJlb opBBolta qepBIIJla; 11 - KJlBROpeMeRH8JI oepe.o;aqa.
CMeCH BAOJIL 'IepBJlRa, B pe3YJILTaTe 'Iero B03HHRaeT OnaCHOCTL nOABYJIRaHH3a H
CMeCH B HHmeRn;HOHHOM YCTpODCTBe. JIuTLeBye MamllHY 'IepBJI1IHOrO THna B nOCJIeA-
HHe rOALI BCe 60JILme BYTeCHJlIOTCJI MaIDlIHaMH 'IepBJI'IHO-nJIysmepHOrO THna.
TeM He MeHee PJlA 3apy6emHYX HPM H3rOTaBJIHBaeT 'IepBJI'IHYe JIBTLeBYe MaIDHHY
B mHpOROM AHana30He THnopa3MepOB.
16.3. m1TbEBbiE MAWHHbl C LlEPBflLlHO.nnYHH<EPHbIM
HHH<EKLI,HOHHbIM ArpEr A TOM
B nOCJIeAHHe rOAY 60JILmHHCTBo 3apy6emHYX HpM nepemJIo Ha BYnycR
JIHTLeBYX MamHH 'IepBJI'IHO-nJIYHmepHOD: ROHCTpYRn;HH. 3TO 061>JlCHJleTCJI TeM, 'ITO
3TH MamHHY CO'leTaIOT AOCTOHHCTBa nJIysmepHYX (B03MomHOCTL H3MeHeHHJI AaBJIe-
HHJI JIHTLJI B mHpORHX npeAeJIax) H 'IepBJI'IHYX MamHH (B03MomHOCTL H3MeHeHHJI
061>eMa BnpbICRa H JIerROCTL MexaHH3an;mI nOAa'lH MaTepUaJIa B MamIlHY).
CXeMaTJI1IeCRH 'IepBSI'IHO-nJIYHmepHoe HHmeRn;HOHHoe YCTPOHCTBO nORa3aHO
Ha pHC. 16.8. OHO COCTOHT 113 nOAalOlI\erO YCTpOHCTBa, ROTopoe B AaHHOM CJlyqae
PHC. 16.8. CxeMa JIHTbeBOrO YCTpoBCTBa 'IepBB'lBo-DJlyml(epBoi MaDIBBY:
1 - QIInRR)lp; 2 - qepBRK; :1 - 8arpyaOqH8JI BopoHKa; 4 - neBT& Pe3BBOBOtt CMeaB; S - KaTYlllKa; 6 - pe-
IlYKTOP; 7 - W eB8JI XBOCTOBall 'l8CTb qepBJl'Ka; 8 - unylDl<ep l'IUQ>o pa ABOttRoro ltettCTBBII; 9 - 9neK-
TPOltBBraTenb npBDolta qepBIIKa,
npeACTaB SleT C060H RaTYWRY 5 C HaMOTaHHOH HenpepYBHOD JIeHTOH pe3HHOBOH
CMeCH 4. B APymx MamHHax OHO BynOJIHeHO B BHAe 6YHRepa C A03HPYIOII\HM yCT-
POiiCTBOM AJIJI nOAa'lH MaTepHaJIa B BHAe rpaHYJI. qepBJlR 2, npHBOAHMYH B ABHme-
BHe OT 3JIeRTpOABllraTeJIJI 9 'Iepe3 peAYRTOp 6, B XBOCTOBOM ROHn;e HMeeT mJIHn;e-
BYIO 'IaCTL 7, coeAHBeHHYIO C nJIYHmepOM 8 mApaBJIH'leCROrO nBJIHHApa ABOHHoro
AeHCTBHJI; 'IepBJlR MomeT nepeMelI\aTbCJI BAOJIL OCH nBJIIIHApa.
Pa60Ta UHmeRn;HOHHoro YCTpOHCTBa npoHcxoAHT CJIeAYlOlI\HM 06pa30M. Pe-
3HHOBaJi CMeCL nocTynaeT B 3arpY30'lHyro BOPOHRY, 3aXBaTYBaeTCJI 'IepBJlROllf,
nJIaCT HpyeTCJI, paaorpeBaeTCJI H nepeMelI\aeTCJI R rOJIOBRe MamHHY. TIpH OTHO-
meHHH AJIHHY 'IepBJlRa R ero AHaMeTpy, paBHOM 8-12, AOCTHraeTCJI xopomaJi rOMO-
reHHOCTL H TeRY'IeCTL CMeCH.
TeMnepaTypa CMeCH ROHTpOJIHpyeTCJI H aBTOMaTB'leCRH nOMepmHBaeTcJI Ha He-
o6xOAHMOM ypOBHe C TO'lHOCTLIO :t (1 -:- 2) °C BRJIIO'IeH'BeM HarpeBaTeJILHOrO HJIH
OXJIamAalOlI\ero YCTpODCTBa B Ropnyce n;HJIIIHApa H B TeJIe 'IepBJlRa. HarpeB Ma-
mHHY MomeT OCYlI\eCTBJIJlTLCJI npH nOMOII\H 3JIeRTpOHarpeBaTeJILHYX 3JIeMeHTOB
HJIH BCJIeACTBHe n;HpRYJIJlnBH TenJIOHOCHTeJIJI (HarpeTOD mHAROCTH).
TIo Mepe nOAa'lH 'IepBJlROM pe3HHOBOD CMeCH B nepeAHlO1O 'IaCTL D;HJIHHApa npH
aaRpYTOM RJIanaHe JIHTLeBOro conJIa nOBymaeTCJI AaBJIeHHe CMeCH, 'IepBJlR nOA
AeiicTBHeM 3Toro AaBJIeHHJI OTOABHraeTCJI Ha3aA, npeOAOJIeBaJl3aAaHHoe H perYJIHpye-
Moe B mHpORHX npeAeJIaX AaBJIeHHe nOAnopa B npaBOD 'IaCTH rHApaBJIH'IeCROrO
D;HJIIIHApa.
559,
MamHHbI HMelOT CTOJI C nOABHmllLlM YCTPOHCTBOM, n03BOJIJlIOD\HM BbIABHraT:&
OPMY
B CTOPOHY AJIJI ee nepeSapJlAKH. nOBOpOTHbIH CTOJI SaRpbIT CneI(HaJIbHbIM orpamAa-
IOII(HM RO>RYXOM 8.
tPopMoAepmaTeJI:& (pHC. 16.10) COCTOHT us HumBeH TpaBepcbI 1, 3aRpenJIeBBOH
Ba nOBopoTBOM CTOJIe, H BepxHeH TpaBepCbI 8; 06e TpaBepChI coeAHHeBbI TpeMJI
aHRepHbIMH TJlraMH 7. B BepxBeH TpaBepce 8 pacnOJIOmeB rUApaBJIUlIeCRUH I(HJIIIHAP
9, Ha mTORe 10 ROToporo 88RpenJIeH BepxBBi: nOABu»OIoii CTOJI 6 C paSMelI(eBBoii Ba
BeM BepxBeii HarpeBaTeJI:&Boii nJIllToii 5 AJIJI RpenJIeHUJI BepxHeii nOJIOBHHbI
OpMbI 4.
BepxlIBi nOABumlll>lii CTOJI npeAHaSBalleB AJIJI saRpbIBaBUJI
OpM pasJI1I1J:Boii BbI-
COTLI. B IIHmHeH TpaBepce 1 pacnOJIOmeH rHApaBJI1I1J:eCRHH I(UJIHBAP, ooeCnellUBa-
IOII(Bi: saamM saRpbIToii
OPMbI yCHJIUeM AO 5 MH. XOA rHApaBJIH1J:eCROrO
JIHlI,lI;pa
COCTaBJIJleT Bcero 10 MM.
Ha BHmHeM CTOJIe 12 RpenUTCJI BUmBJIJI BarpeBaTeJI:&BaJi nJIUTa 2 C BHmBeH
nOJIOBIIHOii clx>PMbI 3. 3anHpaBue S8RpbITbIX clx>PM npOHSBOAJITCJI TpeMJI nOBopOT-
BHMU CTepmBJlMU 11, ROTopbIe U npllHIDtalOT Ha ceoJl YCUJIHe, BOSHID<aIOlI(ee B
opMe
U CTpeMJlII\eeCJI OTRpbITb ee. B cJIyqae U3rOTOBJIeHHJI 01leB:& BbICORHX H3AeJIHH CBO-
60AHoe npocTpaBcTBo MemAY nJIlITaMH 5 H 2 MomeT 6bIT:& YBeJIJl1IeBO sa ClIeT YAJIU-
BeBUJI aBRepBbIx TJlr.
B cTaHAapTBoM HCnOJIBeBHU 060rpeB
OpM npousBOAUTCJI 3JIeRTpOHarpeBa-
TeJI:&BbIMH 3JIeMemaMU, BMOBTHpOBaBIII>IMU B HarpeBaTeJI:&HbIe nJIlITbI 2 H 5, HO Ma-
mllHa MOa\eT DMeT:& H napoBoii 060rpeB nJIDT. TeMnepaTypa nJIBT nO}Ul;epmHBaeTCJI
Ba HeOOXOAIDtOM ypoBHe aBTOMaTH1J:eCRH (TepMoperYJIJlTOpOM). HeRoTopbIe MamllHbI,
npeAHaSHalleHlII>Ie AJIJI JIHTbJl CJIOmBbIX HSAeJIDH, cBaomeHbI npncnOCOOJIeHHeM
AJIJI aBTOMaT1l1J:eCROrO YAaJIeBHJI BosAyxa HS
OpM HJIH nOCTaBJIJlIOTCJI C BaRYYM-ycTa-
BOBROH.
HHme npHBOAHTCJI TeXB1I1J:eCRaJi xapaRTepHCTllRa
opMoAepmaTeJIeH
DplfbI
«):\ecMa»:
THD (lopMoAepmaTellJl 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04
YCBJlHe 3&MYKaBRJI, MH 5 5 3 2
BlllcoTa (loPMbl, MM . . . 300 200 200 200
npOCBeT. IU\>KAY DOllODJI- 600 400 400 400
BaMB cf)oPMY, MM . . .
IIpocBeT MemAY DJIRTaMH, 900 600 600 600
MM . . . . . . . . .
T-(JIHHa
OpMY, MM . . . 740 520 520 440
lliHpHBa (IoPMhI, 101M 600 420 420 420
II pocBeT Me)l(,l{y aBKep- 520 440
8111MB TJlraMH, MM . . . 720 540
1I0BepXBOCT& (loPMhI, CM2 4440 2184 2184 1540
HHmeKI\HOHHbIii: arperaT, npeACTaBJIJlIOII(Hii c060ii OABOllepBJllIHYIO Mamny,
061I(Hi BHA ROTOpOH CXeMaT1l1J:eCRH nORasaB Ha pHC. 16.11, COCTOIIT D3 oCHoBaHHJll
C RopnycoM 2, CMOHTupoBaHHbIM Ba BanpaBJIJlIOII(HX 15. I.\DJIHHAP MamHHLI4
HMeeT lIeTbIpeXCeRI\HoBBYIO CDCTeMY 3JIeRTpOOoorpeBa D OXJIamAeBDJI BOAoii: C aBTO-
MaTJl1Ie({RIDt perYJIHpOBallHeM TeMnepaTypbI OTAeJI:&BO AJIJI RamAoH CeRI\BB. Ynpa-
BJIeHHe cucTeMoii ooorpena H OXJIamAeBDJI cocpeAOTOlleHO Ba nYJI:&Te 3.
Ha ROBI\e lIepBJlRa 6 C oAHosaxoAHoii pes:&ooii (L: D = 12) nOMelI(eHa BacaARa
«TOpneAa)) AJIJI 60JIee paBBOMepHoro nepeMeIDBBaHHJI peslIHoBoii CMeCH. BByrpD
lIepBJlR8 HMeeTCJI nOJIOCT:&, B ROTOpyro 1J:epes YCTpoiicTBO 14 nOAaeTCJI OXJIamAa-
IOlI(aJi BOAa. 3arpysRa MaTepHaJIa B BRAe rpaBYJI npOHSBOAHTCJI "Iepes sarpY301l-
Byro BOPOBRY 7. HeRoTopbIe MiUJIBHbI BMeCTO sarpysollBoii BOpOHRH cHaomeHbI
AepmaTeJIeM AJIJI nllTaBWI MamllHbI BenpepbIBBoH JIeHTOH .pesHHoBoH CMeCH C 00-
o JDIJ>t.
qepBJlR npDBOAHTCJI B ABHmeBHe OT 3JIeRTpoABHraTeJIJI 10 C perYJIHpyeMbI
f
1J:UCJIOM OOOpOTOB 1J:epes peAYRTop 9. Bo BpeMJI BnpbICRa lIepBJlR pa60TaeT KaR
DJIYHmep n nepeMelI(aeTCJI BAOJI:& OCU I(DJIHHApa npH nOMOII(1l rUApaBJIWleCROro
562
JIUBp;pa 12, mTOR ROToporo 11 coep;mleB C XBOCTOBon mJI
eBOn '1aCTbIO 8 '1ep-
BJiRa. nOp;BOp; H DpumuM JIUTbeBOrO CODJIa 5 R
pMe DpOU3BOp;UTCJI B peSYJILTaTe
DepeMe
eBHJI Ropuyca '1epBJI1IBOB MaIDmu.I DO BaDpaBJIJlIO
M CTaBHHLI 15 DpH
DOMOII\H CDen;UaJILBOrO rup;poycTpoBcTBa.
3ap;aBBoe DOJIOmeBHe RopDyca MaIDJDILI DO OTHOmeBUIO R
pMe YCTaHaBJIH-
BaeTCJI DpU DOMOII\U ID;YDa 19 (pHC. 16.12), B03p;eiicTBYlOlI\ero Ba ROHn;eBoH BbIRJIIO-
'1aTeJlL. 3TO oco6eBBo BamBO DpH YCTaBOBRe Ha DOBOpOTHOM CTOJIe
OpM pa3JIH'IHLlX
pa3MepoB. ,IJ.JIJI Dpep;OTBpalD;eHUJI 06paTBoro DOTORa pe3HBoBon CMecH 'lepe3 3a30p
Memp;y '1epBSlROM U CTellROB
JIlmp;pa B MOMeHT BDpLlCRa YCTaHaBJIHBaeTCJI YDJI9T-
BlITeJILBOe 3aDopHoe ROJILn;O, aBa.JIOrH'lHOe DORa3aHHOMY Ba pHC. 16.6.
tIT06L1 UCRJIIO'IIITL BbITeRaBHe pe3mlOBoii CMeCH HS CODJIa MalliHBbI BOBpeMJI
DJIaCTllRan;IDl, Rorp;a rOJIOBRa Be CODpHRaCaeTCJI C
opMoii, JIHTLeBOe CODJIO 7
(CM. pHC. 16:.12) BLlDOJIBJIIOT 3aRpLlBaID
HMCJI; CODJIO 3aRpbIBaeTCJI' aBTOMam'leCRH
8 10
'"
l
IS
1 6
I
PBC. 1&.H. HlDKeKD;BoBBYi arperaT 'IepBB'lBo-DJlYBmepBoro TBBa !lJBPMbl cAecMu:
1 '- ocaoB8BBe; 2 - KOPUYC; a - nym,'1' yJIpaaneRBJI CBCTeMOtt oOorpeBa; 4 - IUIJIIIRJ1P; 5 - CODno; , - .ep-
BIlK; 'I - 8arpyaoqSall BopOSKa; 8 - XBOCTOB8JI llUlllqeB8JI qaCTb QepBIIKa; 9 - peJlYKTop; 10 - aneKTpO-
AlIJIJ'a_; 11 - mTOR rB;ll.pOIUIJIII1IJIPO; 12 - rBJIP0llJ'!.llll'f.!lp; 18 - Dopmesb; 14 - YCTPottCTBO AM UOA80Jla
B 0'l'B0JJ;a oznaH\JIalOlI\et! IfIDDKOCTO I< qePBIIKY; 14 - HaJIpaBJllllOlI\Dei 16 - Ko
eBIIle BIoIMlOqaTeJl1l,
DPH DOMOII\H rH)J.pO
HJIHBp;pa 9, mTORa 4 H DOBopOTBoro 30JIOTBHRa 5. rH)J.pOn;H-
JIHBP;p 9 YRpeDJICB Ba RopDyce rOJIOBRH 11 Ba RpOBmTeHBe 6.
Ha pUC. 16.12 DORa3aB TaRme TeDJIOBOn ROJIJIeRTOp 8, OT ROToporo TeDJIODpOBO-
P;aMH 9 06orpeBalOID;aSl mH)J.ROCTL DOp;aeTCJI R rOJIOBRe 11 MamHHbI H R 30BaM 060-
rpeBa
JIJmp;pa 12. ¥DpaBJIeBHe Dop;a'leii TeDJIa DpOH3BO)J.HTCJI C DYJILTa.
HBmeR
oBBLlii arperaT pa60TaeT B aBTOMaTH'IeCROM n;DRJIe, YDpaBJIeBHe
cocpe)J.OTO'leBO na DYJILTe 7 ,(CM. pHC. 16.9). XapaRTepHcTHRa HBmeRn;HOBBbIX
arperaTOB, 'DpUMeBJleMLlX
HpMon «,IJ.ecMa)) B JIHTLeEbIX MamllBax )J.JIJI DpOH3BO)J.CTBa
pe311B0TeXBH'leCRHX H3p;eJIJm H p;eTaJIen 06YBH, DpHBOP;HTCJI BDme (L: D = 12,
'1HCJIO 30H 060rpeBa - 4):
TBn arperaTa .. . . . . . . . . .
AUaMeTp 'IepBJlKa, 101M . . . . . . . 135
06'1>9" BDpYCKa, CIoI3 . . . . . . . . 5150
AaBJIeSUe llUTltJl, MIla . . . . . . . 112.5
MOIQBOCTIt 8JIeKTpoABBI'aTeJIJI DpBBo
a
'IepBJlKa, KBT ...... . . . . 75
MOIQBOCTb 8JIeKTpouarp_eBaTeJlItBYX
8JIeMeB1'OB D;UJIBB1Q>a, KBT .. . . 18.2 13.2 9.8 9 11,4 6.0
I'Bp;paBJIH'lecRaSl YCTaBOBRa 06eCDe'lDBaeT DO)J.a'lY pa60'leii mHp;RoCTH-
KaCJIa R BBmeRn;HOBBOMY arperaTY,
pMop;epmaTeJIJlM H RpyrJIOMY DOBOPOTBOMY
W
5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04
120 100 90 75 65
4070 2120 1720 1150 765
142 110 136 130 140
75
59
45
30
14
HbIX BbIme. n03TOMY OCTaHOBHMCSI JIHWL Ha OnHCaBBH BeROTOpbIX MamHH, OTJIH1J:-
HbIX no ROMnOHOBRe OT paCCMOTpeHBbIX paBee.
<I>HpMa «ERRepT H
HrJIep» (<I>pr) H3rOTaBJIHBaeT JIHTLeBbIe MamHHbI C
OpMO-
epmaTeJISlMH, YCTaBOBJIeHBbIMH Benop;BHmHO no P;yre oRpymHocTH H C nOBOpa1J:H-
BalOm;eBCSI HHmeRI{HOBHOB YCTaBOBROB B D;eBTpe. Kopnyc HHmeRD;BoBBOB yCTaBo-
BRH CMOBTHpOBaH Ba nOBopoTHOB nJIaT
pMe; OB MomeT nOBOpa1J:HBaTLCSI H nO
BO-
)VITI. JIHTLeBOe ConJIO R JII060B H3 YCTaHOBJIeHHbIX 1J:eTbIpeX npecc-
opM.
HJIHHP;P
1J:epBJI1IBOB MamHBbI HMeeT TpH 30HbI 060rpeBa. 3arpY3Ra MamHIILI rpaBYJIBpOBaH-
HOB pe3HHoBoB CMeCLIO npoH3BoP;HTCSI p;03HpylOm;HM 3arpY301J:HbIM YCTPOBCTBOM.
qacToTa BpaII\eHHSI 1J:epBSlRa, p;aBJIeHHe JIHTLSI H yCHJIHe 3ailtHMa
OpM TaR me, RaR
H TeMnepaTYPHbIB pemHM MamHIILI, perYJIHpYIOTCSI 6eccTyneH1J:aTO H aBTOMaTH1J:e-
CRH. Heyp;06cTBO Mamu:BbI 3TOB ROHCTpyRn;HH 3aRJII01J:aeTCSI B TOM, 1J:TO C'LeM ro-
TOBoro H3p;eJIHSI npOHCXOP;HT B pa3JIH'lHbIX MeCTax, HO 3aTO Ba BeB MomBO
opMOBaTL
H3p;eJIHSI pa3JIJ111HOB ROH
HrypaD;HH C pa3HbIM pemHMOM BYJIRaBH3an;HH.
JIHTLeBaSl Mamu:Ba
HpMbI «aBreJIb» (ABCTpHSI) OTJIH1J:aeTCSI OT onHcaBHOB Ma-
mHHbI
HpMbI «ERRepT H
HrJIep» TeM, 'lTO
opMOp;epiI<aTeJIH pacnOJIOmeHbI He-
nop;BHmHO B OP;HY JIHBHIO, a HHmeRD;HOHHbIB arperaT nepep;BHraeTCSI no BanpaBJISI-
IOII\HM BP;OJIL
pOBTa
pMop;epmaTeJIeB. ):\OCTOHBCTBO 3TOB MamHHbI 3aRJIIO'laeTCSI
B B03MomHOCTH YBeJIH1J:HBaTL no Be06xo,IWMOCTH 1J:HCJIO
opMop;epmaTeJIeB H HB-
meRI{HOBHbIX arperaTOB. Op;llaRO 3TH MamHHbI HMeIOT PSl)\ Heyp;06cTB - TPyP;-
HOCTL 06CJIymHBaHHSI nepeMem;aIOII\HXCSI HBmeRI{HOBBbIX arperaTOB, CJIOmHOCTL
nHTalOm;HX YCTPOBCTB P;JISI nop;a'lll pe3HHOBOB CMeCH H C'LeM rOTOBbIX H3p;eJIBB B He-
CROJILRHX T01J:Rax.
<I>HpMa «aHreJIL» BbInYCRaeT TaRme JIHTLeBbIe MamHHbI peBOJILBepHOro THna
C BepTlmaJILBO pacnOJIOmeHHbIM nOBopOTHbIM RpyrJIbIM CTOJIOM H Benop;BHmBO
pacnOJIOmeHHbIM ropU30BTaJILBbIM HBmeRD;HOHHbIM arperaTOM. KOBCTPYRD;HSI 3TOB
MamHHbI BHRaRHX npeHMYD\eCTB nepep; paBee ODHcaHH.bIMH He HMeeT.
JIHTLeBbIe npeceli 1J:epBSl1JJI0-nJIyBmepHoro THna, BbInYCRaeMbIe B qCCp, npep;-
CTaBJISlIOT e060B ropH30BTaJILHbIe MamHHbI 1J:empeXROJIOHHOB ROBCTpyRn;uH. Bepx-
HSUI nepep;llSlSl ROJIOBBa C'LeMHaSl )\JISI 06JIel'1J:eHHSI yCTaHoBRH 60JIee RpynBbIx npecc-
<}IOpM. npHBOP; 1J:epBSlRa HHmeRD;HoBHoro Y3JIa ocym;eCTBJISleTCSI OT 3JIeRTpOp;BHra-
TeJISI 1J:epe3 pep;YRTop. MamHHa oCBam;eHa YCTaHoBRoB P;JISI aBTOMaTH1J:eCROrO pery-
JIHpOBaHHSI TeMnepaTYPbI 1J:epBSlRa H I{HJIHHp;pa. Bce 3JIeRTpo060pYP;OBaBHe c06paHo
B OTp;eJILHOM mRa
y. MamHBa pa60TaeT B nOJIyaBToMaTH1J:eCROM HJIH aBTOMaTH1J:e-
CROM I{HRJIe. BbInYCRaIOTCSI TPH THnopa3Mepa JIHTLeBbIX MaIDHH:
CH-250,
CH-500
H
CH-10QO COOTBeTCTBeBBO C 06'LeMOM BnpbICRa 250, 500, 1000 CM 3 . HHme npH-
BOP;HTCSI TeXBH1J:eCRaSl'.xapaRTepHcTHRa 3mx JIHTLeBbIX Mama:
06'beH BnpYCKa, CM3 ...
aBlleBHe BllpYCKa, MIla .
HaM8Tp 'IepBJlKa, MM . . .
t{aCTOTa BPaJQeBBJI, 06/MBB . . . . . . . . .
Mom,BocTb 311eKTpOADBraTellJl llpHBo.n;a 'IepBIIRa,
KBT ...................
MaKCHMallbBall YCTaBOBlleBRaJi MOm,HOCT&
npecca, KBT ..........
TeMnepaTYpa BarpeBa DllBT, !!C , .
PacxoJJ; oXlla»<.n;lUOm,eii BO.n;Y. 101 3 /'1
¥CHllBe 3amHMa (lOPM, MH . . . .
PaaMep DJlRT npecea, MIl . . . . .
I1pOCBeT Me)l(,l{y DJlJfTaMH, 101M ...' . . . .
Pa60'lee .n;aBlleHHe B rH.n;pOCBCTeMe, MIla . . .
MOm,BOCT& opHBOAa Bacoca. KBT .......
fa6apBTBYe paaMepY. 101M
.n:JIBHa .
m.pBBa
BYCOTa
Macea, T
QCH-250
200
162
45
81; 112; 161
10
44,5
50 - 350
1,2
1,5-2,0
500 X 500
350
19
5300
2490
1701
6,5
QCH-500
600
142
70
46; 57; 81; 112
15
64
50-350
2,0
2.5-3,4
600 X 600
350
22
5740
1400
2250
10,5
QCH-1ooo
1000
136
70
50-350
3,0
3.7 -5,0
700 X700
350
25
565
QepBJt1IBO-nJIYHmepBbIe JIBTbeBbIe MamBBbI paSJIJrIIBOrO Ha3HaqeHHJI BbIDY-
CKalOTCJI TaKme OTe'leCTBeBBOii npOMImlJIeBBOCTblO (Ta6J1 16.3) B npOMbTlUJIeS-
HOCTblO r,rw H QCCp (Ta6JI. 16.4).
Ta6.4Ulfa 16.9. TeXBB'IecKaa xapaKTepBCTJIKa OTe'l8CTBeIUll>lX JlRTr.eBWX MamBB e
'IepBa'IBO-oJlylDKepIlWM B DJIYBmepBWM BlDKeKD;BOBBWM yeTpOieTBOM
J1BT&eBoft arperaT
C DOBOPOTBIiIM
cronoll 2812
ArperaT poropso-
nBT&eBott uJIYBmep.
HOI'O TIlDa 50/70;
517-2
ArperaT poropuo-
JIIIT&eBOI 517-4
HaaOa'leBRe
JIB MeJlKHX PTH
IT pOB3BOARTeJIbBOCTIt, Kr /'1
06'1>9M BDpYCKa, CM3 ...
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60
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45
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560
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980
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32; 48
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6300
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92
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2100
1080
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4000
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Ta6AUlfa 16.4. TeXBlI1IeeK aSl xapalCTe/HCTIIBa JU1TlteBWX MamBII lJepBS'IBO-DJlynmepHoro
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KuASY KuASY KuASY KaASY KuASY I CSY
25 X32 50 x 63 100x125 160)(250 250X500 371/160
06'1>9M BRpblCKa, CM3 . . 32 63 125 250 500 250
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'Y CBllRe CMYKa&HJI WOPM, 1.6 2,5
MH . . . . . . . . . 0,25 0,50 1 t,6
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II OTpe611JleMaB MOIQ-
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B SaBHCIIMOCTH OT Ba3BaqeBH1I H3rOTaBlIHBaIOTC1I: BanoplWe pyKaBa P;1I11 nepe-
p;aqH MftTepHa1l0B DOP; p;aBlIeBHeM H BcaCIdBaIO He P;1I11 nepep;a'iH MaTepHa1l0B DOP;
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PyKaBa COCTOJIT H8 pasJIJI1IBHx KOM6HBa pe3HBoBldx H TeKCTHlIbnldX
(CHlIOBIdX) ClIOeB H MeT811J1J111eCKHX apMBpyIO X MaTepHallQB.
no cTpoeBllIO CHlIOBL1;X ClIOeB BanoplWe pyKaB8 D1IeIOT ClIep;yIO He DpHB H-
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pOKoe pacDpocTpaBeBlle. OBII OTJIJI1IaIOTCJI 601ll>mOB nI6KOCTI>IO DPH BIdCOKOB DPOQ-
BOCTH H xopomeM C eDlIeBHII Me»<AY ClI01lMB. HSrOTaBlIHBalOTC1I B1ISaIWe pyKaBa
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H pyKaB8 C OTRpldTOii CDHpallI>IO, a TeKCTHlIl>Blde HX ClIOU TaKate MorYT HMeTb
mo60e cTpoeBHe.
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6awI. IIpH P;OpBOBOM cnoc06e c60pKa PYKaBa H BYlIKaBHsaD;HJt DpOHSBOP;1ITC1I
Ba p;opBe. B KaQeCTBe p;opnOB HCDOlll>SYIOTCJI meCTRHe H rH6KHe MeTallllll'leCKHe
H BeMeTallllJl'leCKHe DPYTKH H Tpy61d. npH 6eSP;opBOBOM cDoc06e meCTKOCTb pyKaBa
DpH c60pKe 06eCne'illBaeTCJI ero SaDOllBeBlleM raSOM HlIH mHp;KOCTI>IO.
npH nOllyp;opnoBOM cnoc06e p;opn Hcnolll>syeTc1I Ba Bcex HlIH BeKoTopldX ODe-
pa lIJIx C60PKlI, a OCTalll>Blde onepa DO HSrOTOBlIeBHIO pyKaBa DpOHSBOP;1ITC1I
6es p;opBa. Besp;opBoBIdB cDoc06 1IB1I1IeTCJI BaH601lee coBepmeBBIdM: OTDap;aeT
DOTpe6BOCTI> B p;opBax, p;lIHBa PYKaBOB Be Orp8llH'lHBaeTC1I P;lIHBOB P;OpBOB, Be Tpe-
6YeTC1I DpaBKa p;OpBOB H cOKpa aeTC1I DpOHSBop;cTBeBBa1l nllo ap;I>.
17.1. 060PYAOBAHIi1E Ani=t C60PKIi1 PYKABOB
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OABOB HlIH BeCKOlll>KHX DpopesHBeBlWx TRaneBHX DpOKlIap;oK. TKaBI> P;1I11 DpOKlIa-
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11 Ha nllHTBbtX MaIDHBaX 6esp;opBoBIdM cDoco60M. PYKaBa p;JIaMeTpOM 100 MM H 601lee
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567
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OT P;JlHBId H3rOTaBJlHBaeMldX pyKaBOB. 3aKaTOqBlde rOJlOBKH Be H3rOTaBJlHBalOTClI
eHTpaJlH30BaBHO. OBH RBJlRIOTCR yCTapeBmllM TIIDOM 060PYP;OBaBHR .H Baxop;RT
Bce MeBftmee DpIDteBeBHe B pyKaBBOM DpOH3Bop;CTBe.
17.1.2. 3aKaTOI.IHble MaWHHbI
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H TKaBeBblX CJlOeB H 6HBTOBKH BaDopBIdX DpOKJlap;OqBIdX pyKaBoB C BHYTpeHHHM
p;JIaMeTpOM p;o 75 MM.
3aKaTOqHlde Mam;HHId BIdDOJlBRIOTCR B OCBOBHOM P;BYCTOPOBBHMH: Ba op;Hoii
CTopOHe DpOH3BOP;HTCR HaBep;eBHe pe3HBOBldX H TKaBeBIdX CJlOeB, a Ba BTOpoii -
6HBTa. OCBOBHlde pa60qHe qaCTH MamHBId - TPH BaJla C Kamp;OH CTOpOBId. Op;JIH
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6 - CTaBBBa; 7 - UBeBMOQHJDJRllP; 8 - BepDmit Ban 611RTOBaJIhBOI CTOpOIlH; 9 -IIpOTBBOBec; 10 - IDDKBBC
&am.! 6BBTOBam.BOI CTOPOIIH; 18 - CTemlall<.
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8 - cB060p;Hoe. RpoMe Toro, P;JlR C60PKH PYKaBoB pa3J1I1'1BOrO p;HaMeTpa Op;JIH
BHmBHH BaJl MomeT OTop;BHraTftCR OT BToporo, coxpaBRR DapaJlJleJlftBOCTft ocen,
a BepxHHH BaJl MomeT DepeMeII\aTftCR BBepx HJlH BHH3. nepeMeII\eHHe BepxBHx
BaJlOB DpOH3BOP;HTCR DBeBMO HJlHBp;paMH 7 C OP;BOCTOpOBBIIM HJlH P;BYCTOPOHHlIlII
DpHBOp;OM. npH DBeBMOI\HJlHBp;paX C OP;BOCTOpOHHHM DpHBOP;OIlf DepeMeII\eBHe
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568
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npBBop;e YCTaBOBJleBO no Op;BOH pBK BOBHOH MY e P;JlR nycKa B OCTaBOBa Ma-
mHBId. Bce Y3JI1d, Malllll1Thl CMOBTBpOBaBId Ba CTaBBBe 6, CocToR eH B3 coep;BBeBBIdX
Memp;y C060H CToeK.
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npOKJI8.P;OK PYKaB Depep;aeTCR Ba CTeJlJlam 13 MaDDmId, a saTeM Ba ee 6BSTOBaJlbBYIO
CTOpOSY. HBilume BaJlId 6BBTOBaJlbBOH CTOpOSId pa3Bop;RTCR Ba mBpHBY, COOTBeT-
CTBYIO YIO p;BaMeTpy BarOTaBJlBBaeMIdX PYKaBoB, B Ba BBX YKJlap;IdBaeTCR PYKaB.
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3JIeKTpOp;BBraTeJlb. BBBToBKa npOB3BO,ll;BTCR BpyqByIO BJIB DPB DOMO B KapeTKu
aBaJlOrBqBO 6BBToBKe sa SaKaTO'iBOH rOJlOBKe.
3aKaTOqSlde MaIUBBId pa60TaIOT B arperaTe C JlBCTOBaJlbBIdM KaJlaBp;pOM B DOP;O-
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BOCT lIeM SaKaTOQSlde rOJlOBKB, B 06eCDe'IBBaIOT 60Jlee BIdCOKoe KaQeCTBO PYKa-
BOB.
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Mapa JlalllllllK
187B 5009 BJI0202
Pa3Mepy PYKaBa, 101101
J(DaMeTp . . . . . . . . . . 9-65 9-50 13-75
""UHa . . . . . . . . 2600 10000 21 000
qacTOTa BPaJD;eBUJI. 06/10188
Ba CTopOBe KJIeiKB . 60 78.5 59
Ba cTopoBe 6BBTOBKB
BII.lIMenmaJi . . . . 120 190.5 120
uau60JIbmaJI . . . . . . . . . . . 180 323 200
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. Ba CTopOBe KJIeiRR 2 9 16
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'IaC1'OTa Bpam.eBBJI, 06/MBB 1420 970 970
fa6apnTBllle pa8Mepy, 101M
;l(llDHa 3820 12 980 23250
UmplIBa 1510 1840 1840
BblCOTa 1370 1400 1500
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BaR MamBHa BCnOJlbayeTC1I JlBDIb Ba onepa B1IX BaJlOmeBB1I B npBKaTKB CBJlOBIdX
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570
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BanpaBJIeHInI npeAYIIpemAaeTCH ee apMllpOBaHHeM npOAOJIbSYMH BlITRMII 13 C Ra-
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BRy.TpeBIIIfii AHaMeTp PYKaoa,"" ...... 25; 32; 38; 50
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17.4. 060PYAOBAHHE Anf:j C60PKH PYKABOB
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16 - 1IBTIt; 18 - TPJ6a; J4I - Ka'J'JIIIRa; 110,111 - pon&JCB.
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580
npll pa60Te arperaTa ROB nOAJlYJlRaBIISOBaBBOB RaMepLl' nepllOAlAeCRII
CBHSLIBalOTCH nepeA npOMaSKOB Ba YCTpOBCTBaX 4. Co611paeMLIB pyKaB nocJle
SanOJlHeHIUI nplIeMBOrO YCTpOBCTBa 8 paspesaeTcH H B BllAe 6YXTLI CBJlMaeTC
a ROBeD; pyKaBa BBOBb SanpaBJlJleTCH B nplleMBOe YCTPOBCTBO. 3TII onep BLInOJl-
BHIOTCH 6es OCTaBOBRII arperaTa.
B APymx arperaTaX AJIJI C60PKII pyKaBOB HaBlIBO'lHOB ROBCTpyKD;InI 6eSAOp-
HOBLIM cnoco60M onepaJQDI C60PRII BblIIOJIBJIIOTCH npll BepTIIRaJlbBOM nepeMelD;eBIIII
pyKaBa. PyKaB nOAaeTCJI TpaBCnOpTepOM Ba 6apa6aH, Bpam;alOID;HBCH B BaBHe C BOA-
HoD: cycneBSlleD: TanKa. BYJIKaBJISyIOTCH pyKaBa KOTJlOBLIM cnoco60lli B CBIIBD;OBOii
i8! /
.. I
\ !
1
Puc. 17.9. CXeKa arperaTa pa c60pKB BaBBB01llUa pyJCaB08 6ea,llOpBOBYlol cooco6ou:
1 - BL1IhUIII; S, 'I - 1'p8BCUOPT8PW; 8,' - qepBJI1IBJoIe DPeccIII . - B8BBBO'IRWA CT8BOK; 6 - O'l'CJopoqRhlIt
GapalJ8B; 8 - KaMepa; 9 - K8TJDIKa; 10 - cem.cllllo
o6oJl01lKe. Hllme npllBeAeBa TeXBJI1IeCKaJI xapaRTepllCTlIKa arperaTa AJIH C60PKII
BaBJIB01IHL1X pyKaBOB 6eSAopHOBLIM cnoc060M (c BepTlIKaJlbBbtM nepeMelD;eBlleM
pyKaBa):
BBYTpeBBBii IIRaMeTP PYKaBa. 101M . .
CKOpoCTI> c60plOt PY.KaBOB. M/MBB .
qUCllO mUYJlb lIa OAlloi Dllaamai6e
PaaMepy mnyllb, 101M
AB8MeTp . . . . . . . . . . . .
II JIUBa . . . . . . . . . . . . , .
qacTOTa Bp eBBJI DJla&maii6, 06/MHH
HaTJI)I(ellUe BBTeD:, H ........
9-32
10-12
48
135
165
35-350
o-t
Ha arperaTe HenpepLIBHoii C60PKII BaBIIBO'lBLIX pYKaBOB 6eSAopBOBLIM cnoco-
60101., pa6OTaIOlD;eM B qCCp (pIlC. 17.9), CIIJlOBoii CJlOU BLInOJlBHeTCH liS ABYX pas-
pemeBBLIX CJlOeB BlITeii 6es npOMemYT0'lHOrO peSIIBOBOrO CJlOH MemAY BIDDI.
B COCTaB arperaTa BXOAHT BaJIbD;LI 1, TpaHcnopTep 2, 'IepBH'IBbIU npecc 3,
HaBHB01Ulblu CTaBOR 4, OT60po'lm.Ui 6apa6aB 5, 'IepBH'Im.Ui npecc 6 AJIH BaJIOmeBIIII
HapymBoro peSIIBOBoro CJIOH II TpaBCnOpTep 7.
lloAOrpeTaH Ba BaJIbD;ax 1 peSIIBOBaH CMeCb no TpaBcnopTepy 2 nocTynaer
K 'IepBH'lBOMy npeccy 3, ROTOpLlH npeccyeT pe311BoBYlO KaMepy 8. OAHoBpeMeBBo
Ha R8.Mepy BaBOAIITCH BeCKOJIbKO npOAOJIbBbIX BIITeu C KaTymeR 9, npeAynpemAa-
IOII(BX npOAOJIbByIO BLITHmKY pyKaBa npll c6opRe. RaMepa nepeMelD;aeTCH B BaBII-
BO'lHLlU CTaBOR 4, rAe npOll3BOAIITCH OABOBpeMeHBaH HaBIIBRa Ha Bee HIITeu B ABYX
npOTJIBOnOJIOmBLIX HanpaBJIeBIDlX. HapymuaH nOBepXHOCTb RaMepLI pll JIeBaH.
BJIarOAapH 8TOMY BHTII npll BaBBBRe Be CROJIbSHT DO RaMepe. RaMepa C BIITHMII oT611-
paeTcH 6apa6aBoM 5 II DOAaeTCH B 'IepBH1UIbIU npecc 6 Ba BaJIOmeBlle BapymHoro pe-
811BOBOrO CJIOH. CmlxpoBIIsaD;llH npllBOAOB 'IepBH'lBbIX npeCCOB II HaBIIBO'IBOrO CTaHRa
oCyID;ecTBJIHeTCH CeJIbClIB8.M1I 10. Co6paBHbIii pyKaB oT611paeTCH TpaHCDopTepOM 7,
aBTOMaTll'leCRH pemeTCH Ba OTpeSRII AJIBBOH 50 M 1I CTaJlRIIBaeTCH B BaHBY C BOAOU.
3aTeM no IIsBecTBoH TeXBOJlOmH pyKaBa BYJlRaBJISYIOTCH B BOAe. Hllme DpneAeBa
581
TeXB1J1IeCRaH XapaRTepllCTlIRa arperaTa AJIH C60PRII HaBIIB01fHLlX pyRaBOB 6esAop-
HOBLIM CDoc060M (C rOplISOHTaJIbHLlM DepeMe eHlleM pyRaBa):
,l\BaMeTP PYKaoa, 101M . . . . . . . . . .
CKOpOCTb oroopa PYKaaa. 101101/06 ....
MaKCBMallbBYi ABaMeTp mDYllR, MM ..
'tIBCllO KOBR'l8CKRX mUYllb Ba ullamuai6e
BycoTa eHTpa. 101M .............
qacTOTa Bpam;eBBJI ullamnai6Y. 06/MJiIB . . . .
ra6apHTBye paaMepY (BaBlIBO'lBOrO CTaUKa), 101
AJIBBa .
mupHBa
BYCOn
10-25
17,5-79
160
16
1050
80-600
3060
1200
1650
17.5. 060PYAOBAHHE Am:j H3rOTOBnEHHft
cnHPAnbHblX PYKABOB
BcaCLlBalO lIe 11 HaDopHo-BcacLlBalO lIe pyRaBa (cDllpaJIbHLle pyRaBa) B cBoei
ROHCTPYR IIMelOT DpOBOJI01fHyIO CDllpaJIb. OHa 06eCDe1fHBaeT CODpOTHBJIeHII&
Ae4>opMa:O;lIlI OT AeB:CTBIIH MeCTHLlX HarpYSOR, YCTOB:1fIlBOCTb DOA AeB:CTBHeM BBeDIBero
AaBJIeHIIH II DpeAoxpaHHeT BHyTpeHBlIe CJIOII pyRaBa OT paCCJIoeHIDI npll paspememm.
PYRaBa IISrOTaBJIIIBalOTCH B OCHOBHOM AOpHOBLlM cnoc060M.
HSrOTOBJIeHlle CDllpaJIbHLIX PYRaBOB AlIaMeTpOM AO 75 MM npOIlSBOAIITCJI
Ha JIlIHlIHX, COCTOH IIX liS SaRaTO'lHOB: MamllHLI II SaRaTO'IHOB: rOJIOBRD'. B DOCJIeAHII&
rOALI B SaRaTO'lBLlX rOJIOBRaX AJIH BaBeAeHIIH CDllpaJIII HCnOJIbSyIOTCH cne:o;uaJIbHLIe
RapeTRII. llpll STOM SHa'lllTeJIbHO 06JIel'1falOTCH YCJIOBIIH TpYAa, OARaRO TpYAoeMRaJi
ODepaD;llH S8AeJIRH ROH:O;OB CDllpaJIlI e e BLInOJIHHeTCH BpyqHyIO. PyRaBa A1I8.MeTpOM
60JIee 75 MM c061IpalOTcH Ha SaRaT01fBLIX rOJIOBRIlX C RJIee1fHLlMII CTOJIaMD'.
B DOCJIeAHee BpeMH DOJIyqalOT pacnpOCTpaHeHHe TeXHOJIOrll'leCRlle npo:o;eCCLI
C60PRII CDHpaJIbHbIX PYRaBOB, B ROTOpLlX AOpH C c0611paeMLlM PYRaBOM COBepmaeT
JIllmb DOCTYDaTeJIbHOe ABllmeHlle, a RaTymRII C apMllpYIO IIMlI MaTepHaJIaMII
Bpa aIOTCH BORPyr AopHa. llpll STOM 060PYAoBaHlIe BLlDOJIHHeTCH C yqeToM COB-
Me eHlIH B DOTORe OTAeJIbHLlX oDepan;Hii. TaR, B arperaTax Ha 6a3e ODJIeTO'lHLlX
MamllH B OAHOM DOTORe DpOlISBOAlITCH HaBeAeHHe CDllpaJIII II ABYX npoMemYT0'lHLlX
peslIHoBLlX CJIOeB. B APyroM DOTORe nOCJIeAOBaTeJIbHO HaRJIaALIBalOTCH HapymHLlB:
peSIIHOBLlB: CJIOB:, 611HT, mHYP; OTAeJIbHO DpOIlSBOABTCH HaJIOmeHlle ODJIeTRII.
B arperaTax Ba 6ase 06MOT01fHLlX MaIDIIH HaJIOmeHlle Bcex peslIBoBLlX 11 CIIJIOBLIX
CJIOeB H npOBOJIO'lHOB: CDlIpaJIII 11 611BToBaHHe DpOlISBOAHTCH B OAHOM DOTORe.
llpOBOJIO'lHaH CDlIpaJIb HaBoAIITcH Ha pyRaB npll nOMo H cDe:O;lIaJIbHLlX CDlI-
paJIeHaBlIBO'lHLIX CTaHROB. KOHCTPYRTIIBHO CTaHRlI BLlDOJIHHIOTCH B ABYX OCHOBHLlX
BapHaHTax: 6e3 npeABapllTeJIbHOB: DOAroToBRII cnllpaJIII II C DpeABapllTeJIbHoii:
DOArOTOBROB:.
llpllHn;IIDllaJIbHaH cxeMa CTaHRa DepBoro TilDa npeACTaBJIeHa Ha pllC. 17.10.
llOJILIB: BaJI 1 CMOBTllpOBaH B DOADIIIDHIIRax Ra1feHIIH 2 II npHBOABTCH BO Bpa eHHe
3BeSAo'lROB: 9. C1>eMHaH RaTymRa 4 C DpOBOJIOROB: 5, YCTaHOBJIeHHaH Ha BaJIY 1,
Bpa aeTcH OTHOClITeJIbHO Hero H DO TopMamIlBaeTCH TOpM030M 6. POJIIII<H 7 Ba-
npaBJIHIOT DpOBOJIORY Ha Y'IaCTRe Me)I'AY RaTymROB: 4 II AOpHOM 8. Bpa alO HecH
'IaCTlI saRpLlBalOTCH RomYXOM 9. llpOTHrHBalO ee YCTpOB:CTBO 10 H DOAalO ee
YCTpOB:CTBO 11 DepeMe alOT AOpH B ropll30HTaJIbHOM HanpaBJIeHIIII.
KOHen; DpOBOJIORH SaRpeDJIHeTCH Ha opHe BpyqHyIO. llpH DocTynaTeJIbBOltl
ABlIiI\eH1I1I AopHa 11 Bpa eHIIII BaJIa 1 C RaTymROB: 4 npOBOJIORa HaBIIBaeTCH Ha
AOpH 8. 06pa30BaHlle CDllpaJIII (H3rH6 DpOBOJIORII) DpOlISBOAIITCH HeDocpeACTBeHHO
Ha AopHe. PacxoA npOBOJIORH ODpeAeJIHeT CROpOCTb Bpa eHHH RaTymRH 4 OTHOClI-
TeJIbHO BaJIa 1. YClIJIlIe 06mllMa AopHa DPOBOJIOROB: YCTaHaBJIHBaeTCH TOpM030M 6.
BLIcTpaH OCTaHOBRa BaJIa 1 C RaTymROB: 4 ocy eCTBJIHeTCH TOpMOSOM 12. KaTymRa 4 -
582
10
7 9
....:"... .,
...,....'...:::. a
4 . ;:";";." 1 6
// ,
1
1. 1 2 3
,Tu u
-
7
1
::;: / "'::::
...., 6
5
II
Puc. t7.10. CXeMa CTaBKa A.IIa BaBBBKB CDBp&JlB 6e8 Dp8AJl&Pl1'l'eJIl>IIoi DOJll'OTOBKB:
1 - uomdt Ban; 11 - UOJUIIIIJIBIIRII; , - 8Be3AOQKa; 4 - 8JI Ka'J'JIIIRa; 6 - IIpOBOJIOKa; I, 1!1 -I'OPIlO88I
1 - POJDIKB; 8 - "OPR; 9 - KOmyx; 10 -1Ip0TJl1'IIB8IO ee YCTPOICT80; 11 - uOA8IO ee yCTPOICTBO.
J
Q
I
7--1
PBC. 17. ti. Caiola CTaBKA a.lla BaBBBKB Dpe,IIBapBTeJlI>BO DOJll'OTOueBBoi CDBpaJIB:
1 - uomdt Ban; 11 - UO"IIIIDJIIBJ(IJ; 8 - PGTOP; 4 - Bep1'llKam.awe pomnm; 6 - roplI8OB'1'am.awe poJIlIJtII;
6 - KaT}'DIKa; 1,16,19.110 - emu.re uej>eJtaqu; 8 -RYHa'lKoB8JIlIY$Ta; 9 - TOPII08; 10,18 - YKJIIIJI'DDCB;
11 - IIp}'JfCJIRa; 1!1 - 6apallaR; 14 - 8yO'l8T8JI uapa; 11 - C'IIeIIBWe KaTJIIIKII; 1'1 - UOJl8lO ee YCTPOICTBO;
18 - 1Ip00aCKlIBalO ee YCTPOICTBO.
C1>eMBaH, SanOJIBSeTCJI npOBOlIOKOU BBe CTaBKa II HOBTIIPYeTCH Ba Ball 1 np. nOHO
TelIl>4>epa.
npllBnllDnalIbBaH cxeMa CnllpalIeBaBIIBO'IBOrO CTaBKa C npe}J;BapllTeJIbBO
nOArOTaBlIlIBaeMOH CnllpalIblO npeACTaBlIeB8 Ba pllC. 17 .11. R nOlIoMy BallY 17
CMOHTllpOBaBBOMy B nOAJllmDIIIKaX 2, KpenllTCJI pOTOp 3. no 06pasYIOIl\eu pOTopa
pacnOlIOmeBLI BepnmalIbB e 4 11 ropllSOBTalIbBLIe 5 pOlIl'IKII. Me»<AY pomU<aM:1I
BaMamBaIOTCJI ABe Ka-rymKII 6 npOBOlIOKII. Ball 1 C pOTOpOM 3 npIlBo,u;IITCJI BO Bpall\e-
Hlle :o;eIIBou nepeAaqeU 7, OH MomeT OTKlIlOqaTbCJI OT 061l\ero nplIBOAa KYlIaqKOBOB
MY TOU 8 II 6LICTpO OCTaBaBJI1IBaTbCJI npll nOMOIl\ll TopMosa 9. npOBOlIOKa CMaTLI-
BaeTCJI C 6yXT, yCTaBOBlIeBBLIX PHAOM co CTaBKOM (Ha pllC. 17.11 Be nOKasaBLI)7
yRlIa KOM 10 paCKlIa,u;LIBaeTCJI Ha KaTymKII 6 npll Bpall\eHHII pOTopa 3. fopll-
SOBTalIbBLIe pOlIlIR1I 5 no,u; ,u;eHcTBlleM npOBOlIOKII npeOAOlIeBalOT conpOTIIBlIeBlle
npymllB 1111 nepeMell\alOTCJI BHyrpb pOTopa. npll Bpall\eHlI1I pOTopa BaMOTaBBLIe
KaTymKII 6 Bpall\alOTCJI BMeCTe C BIIM.
OT60p npOBOlIOKH C KaTymeK 6 npll BaBeAeHHII CnllpalIl1 Ha ,u;OpB ocym;eCTB-
lIJleTCJI 6apa6aBoM 12. OB BLITJlrHBaeT liS Ka-rymeK 6 BByrpeBHlle BIITKII npOBOlIOKB
II o,u;HOBpeMeHHO Ae opMHpyeT ee, npllAaBaJl eu OPMY BIITKa cnupalIlI. 3aTe}1
npOBOlIOKa npOXOAIIT 'Ie pes OTBepCTIIJI yRlIap;qllRa 13, IIKcllpYlOll\ero mar cnupalIlI,
II BaMaTLIBaeTCH pOTOpOM Ba AOpB C saroToBKoU pyRaBa. no Mepe pacxo,u;a npOBOlIOKB
pOlIlIRlI 5 nOAAeuCTBHeM npymllB 1111 :o;eBTp06emBLIx ClllI npHmllMaIOTCJI K BByrpeBBei
nOBepXBOCTII KaTymeK 6 H :o;eBTpllpylOT IIX. Bapa6aB 12 BLITJlrllBaeT OABOBpeMeHBO
,u;Be npOBOlIOKH C ABYX Ka-rymeK 6, II Ba AOpB BaBoAMcH AByxsaXOABaJl Cnllpallb.
nplIBOA 6apa6aB8 12 OC eCTBlIJleTCJI qepes sy6'1aTYlO napy 14, :o;enHYIO nepe-
Aaqy 15 II BapllaTOp OT 06ID;ero npllBOAa CTaBKa. BapllaTopoM IISMeBJleTCH CKOpOCTI>
Bpall\eBlIJI 6apa6aBa npll onpeAelIeBBOU CKOpOCTII pOTopa. npll STOM IISMeBHeTCJI
KOJlD1leCTBO nOAaBaeMOU 6apa6aBOM npOBOlIOKII, qTO BLlSLIBaeT IISMeHeBlle AllaMeTpa
HaBlIBaeMOU CnllpalIl1 II ClllIY BamaTIIJI CnHpalIH Ba pacnOlIOmeBBLIe nOA HeH ClIOII
pyRaBa. nOCJIe IIspaCXOAOBaBlIH npOBOlIORII CTaBOK aBTOMaTll"leCKII OCTaBaBlIlI-
aaeTCJI. HeMepBLIe OCTaTKII npOBOlIOKII C KaTymeK 6 nepeMaTLIBaIOTCJI Ba C1>eMBIII&
KaTyDIKII 16. AopBLI nepeMell\alOTCH no,u;alOll\lIM 17 II npOTJlrllBalOll\1IH 18 YCTPOU-
CTBaM:II.
STOT CTaBOK IICnOlIbSYeTCJI npll c60pKe pyRaBOB co cnupalIJlMII liS TOBKOU npo-
BOlIOKII (npllllsrOTOBlIeBJIII rlI8AKIIX pyRaBOB). npll STOM OTnaAalOT onepaD;IIH mHY-
pOBKII II pacmBYPOBKII pyRaBOB.
alIbBeUmee COBepmeBCTBOBaBJIe npOIlSBOACTBa CnllpalIbBLIX pyRaBOB nOUAeT,
IIAIIHO, no D}1TH Bo601Iee pa:o;:o:oBalIbBOU KOHnOBOBKII 060PYAOBaBIIH II COBMell\emur
onep8:o;1rli WIll oTAelIbBLIX TIIDOB pyRaBoB npll AOpBOBOM cnoco6e npOIl8'BOACTBa.
BosMomBo paSBlITlle npo:o;eccoB C60PKII Ha 1'1I6KJIX AOpB8X, 8 TaKme 6es npllMeHeBIIJI
AOpBOB.
17.6. 060PYAOBAHHE Anf:j C60PKH KPyrnOTKAHblX
PYKABOB
RpyrlIOTKaHLIe pyRaBa COCTOJIT liS ClllIOBOrO ClIOJl B BllAe TKaBOrO 'IeXlIa
H BBYTpeHHero peslIBoBoro ClIOJl. nplI He601IbmOM AaBlIeBHH pyRaBa lIsrOTaBlIlIBa-
IOTCJI 6es BHyTpeBBero peslIBoBoro ClIOJl, a npH nOBLImeBBOM AaBlIeBHII - C }J;BYMJI
'IeXlIaM:lI.
ClllIOBOH ClIOU KpyrlIOTKaBLlX PYK BOB lISrOTaBlIlIBaeTCJI Ba KpyrlIOTRanRnx
CTaBKax. CTaBoR TRn-125-JI lIMeeT nOlILIH :o;eHTpanw.m Ball 1 (pIIC. 17.12),
Ba KOTOpOM CMOBTllpOBaBa BTYJIRa 2, npHBOAIIHaH BO Bpall\eHlI,e qepe3 ROBII'IeCRH€
meCTepBH 311 4, ropH30HTalIbBLlU Ball 12, 81IeKTpOMarHIITBYIO pllRnlloHHYlO MY TY
II RJIIIHOpeMeBHyIO nepeAa'lY OT SlIeRTpo,u;BllraTelIJI nOCTOHHHoro TORa 13. B BepxHeii
'IaCTII BTYJIRH 2 SaRpenlIeHLI ABa naSOBI>IX 8Rc:o;eHTpHR8. HHiRHHB naSOBhlB :mc:o;eHT-
pER 5 CBJlSaB C ABeHa,u;:o;aTl>IO peMIISHLIMH pallmaMH 14, pacnOlIOmeHHLIMlI no BHYTpeH-
584
BeB oRpymBoCTII. npll Bpa emlll 3RC eBTpBROB nplIBOAHTCH B ABWKeBDe peMIISHLIe
paMRII. BLlIDe 3RC eBTpIlROB Ba BTYJIRe SaRpenJIeBa meCTepRH 8, Bp alO aH
BepTIIKaJIbBLIe BaJIBRII 9; nOCJIeABlle 1fepes meCTepBD 11 II peiR. 15 npllBOAHT
BO Bpa eBDe 1feJIROKII 10. PeBKII saKpenJIellbl Ba saAJDIX cTemcax 1feJIBOKOB.
)\Ba 1feJIROKa pacnOJIOmeBLI AllaKeTpaJIbBO npoTIIBonoJIomBo APyr APyry
II AB. CH no Kpyry C oAlIHaRoBoB CKOpOCTblO, cOrJIaCOBaBBOB C ABWKeBneM
peMHSIIbIX paMOK. HIITII OCBOBLI npOXOAHT 1fepes rJla3KII peHDsllblx paMOK 7, 14,
a saTeM orll6alOT BanpaBJIHIO ee KOJIb:O;O . 4>OPMYIO 1rli KOUYC. Ha 1feJIBOKe 10
BaMOTaBLI BIITII yTKa. B pesYJIbTaTe ABllmeBIIJI1feJIBOKOB B npoXOAe, 06pasOBaBBOM.
I.
/0
10
7
/*
PBc. 17.12. CXeMa KpyrJIOTRa1l,1t0rO G
CTUKa TRn-125-JI:
1 - Ban; 11 - BTYJlKa; 3,4 - KOBB'l6CKRe
mecnepBB; 6 - IIIDI<HIIA nas08'" 8KCI{eRT-
po; , - Bep:mBtt nasoB'" &KClteBTpO; ",
14 - peMB8BWe paMKB; 8 - mec-repRJI; 9 -
BePTJDCam.&IIe BIIJIHRB; 10 - qenHOK; 11 -
mecTePIIII; 16 - roPB30BTam.BId Ban; 18-
8JJeKTPOABBraorem. UOCTOJlRBOrO TOKa; 16-
pelKa.
HHTHM:P: OCBOBLI, nOJIY1faeTCH nepenJIeTeBDe. fOTOBLIB pYKaB npOXOAIIT BRIIS no.
nOJlOMY :o;eHTpaJlLBOMY BaJIY.
Hllme npllBeAeHa TeXllll"leCKaH XapaRTepllCTIIKa CTaBKa TRn-125-JI:
PaaMepy PYKua
&IoIeTp, 101M . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 51-125
AJlBBa. M ................. ,I(o 500
qacTOTa Bp 8BWI D;eHTp&JlbBOrO BaJIa. OO/MBB 70; 80; 90
qUCJIO oABoBpeMeBBo paoOT BX 'IeJlBOKOB. .. 2
MO BOCTb 811eKTpOABUraTeJIJI. RBT 4,5
raoapnTBllle paaMepY DO OCBOBaBBIO, M)(
rllYOBBa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2585
mapBBa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1900
COeAIIBeBlle TKaHoro 1feXJIa C peSlIHoBoB KaMepoB npOlIaBOAIITCH ee DpoTHrlIBa
BlIe1;l BHyTPb 1feXJIa IIJ1H Hapa6oTKOB 1feXJla Ba KaMepy.
17.7. BynKAHI-13ALl.HOHHOE 060PYAOBAHHE
BYJlKaB1I3a IIH pyRaBOB npOlISBOAIITCH B OCBOBBOM B BYJlKaHBaa:O;lIoHHIdX
KOTJIax. ROHCTPYK:O;IIH II npllH n pa60TLI BYJIKaBIISa 1I0BBLIX KOTJIOB nOAPo6HO
oCBe eBLI B JIlITepaType, n03TOMY 3AeCb OBII onYCKaIOTCH.
585
npll 60JILmOB ,IJ;JIlIBe ROTJIa ero Ropnyc HarOTaBJIlIBaeTCfI H3 OT,u;eJILBLIX '1aCTeB,
coe,u;HHfleMLIX npll nOMO JIaB:o;eB. O,u;Ha lIa onop Ropnyca BenO,IJ;BllmBa, a OCTaJIL-
HLIe - nO,IJ;BlImllLI. 3TIIM ROMneHCllpYIOTCH TeMnepaTypHLIe pacmllpeBIIH Ropnyca.
B BeROTopLlX CJIyqaHx ROpnyC HSrOTaBJIIIBaeTCH C napOBOB Py6amRoii, T. e. Ropnyc
OXBaTLIBaeTCfI BTOpLIM D;llJIIIB,u;pll'leCRIIM COCy,u;OM C 8JIJIllnTll'leCRIIM ,u;Hm:o;eM, ROTOpLIii
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'IeCKBX loIacc, BYDYCKaeMoe 3aBOAaMB
qCCP. JI.
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Alla B8rOTOBJIeBBa 6paCJIeTOB 292 c.JI.
AJIa pacKpoa B DOArOTOBIOt 06peSBBes-
Boro MeTaJinOKOPAa 280 CJI.
DOJIyaBTOMaTH'lecRBe B arperaTbI C pac-
'IJleBeBBblM DpO eccOM c60pKR' DO-
KpLlDIeK 372 CJI.
C BblDO.DBeBReM Bcex c60po'lBblx onepa-
D;Bii Ba OABOM CTa&Ke 371 c.JI.
llpecc
«reBpBx P8yt 473 c.JJ.
llRTbeBOi fBApaBJlH'leCKD DJIyamepBYi
548 CJI.
llpecc-4»OPMbI CeKTGpBOrO TBna 415 CJI.
Dpeccbl
BYJlK8RB3aD;ROBBble 520 ell.
- AnJi KnHBOBIllX peMBei 504 CJI.
Blllpy6Rbl8 AByxKOJIOBBble 225 ell.
llPBBOA
KanaBApoB 192
'IepBB'lBblX MamHB 46 ell.
llpBeM, xpaBeBBe B DOAFOTOBRa MaTepBalloB
9 ell.
DpReM B OXllamp,eBRe lleRTbI pe8BBY 110
llpOAoJlbSo-peSaTeJlbBYe M8IIIBBIII 235 cn.
llPOBBBOABTeJIl>BOCTb
asTOKJIaB-Dp8Cca 388
K8JIaBAPOB 200
JIBBRB BYllKaBR3&D;RH aBTOKaMep 428
DpOTeKTOpBOrO arperaTa C KaJIaBAPOM 260
pe38TeJIbBblX MaIIDIB 253 cn.
'lepBB'lBOi MamBBbI 70
DpoDRTKa KOPAa 261
llpOTeKTOpBbli arperaT C KaJlaBAPOM 259 CJI.
llpOTeRTopbl, BarOTOBJIeBBe 254 CJI.
llpOc)BJIBpOBaBBe B pe3Ka sarOTOBOR 224
PaCKaTO'IBblO CTUOR 244 en.
PacKpoi
06peaBBeBBofo KOMa 279 c.JI.
TeKCTBJII>BOrO KOPA-6peKepa DOKpbIllIeK
TEa P 281
PacDopKa BaTypalll>BOrO Kay1J:yKa 14 c.JI.
PeAyKTOpy
KallaBAPoB 193
'IepBB'lBblX MamBB 50
PeSBBOBaJi CM8Cb, DpBrOTOBJIeBDe 156 CJI.
PeSBBOBble TeXBH'l9CKBe BSAeJlBa
npoBSBo11,CTBO 443 ell.
c)opMoBble H Be4JopMoBble 509 c.JI.
Pe8BBOloleT8nnH'lecKHe D3AeJIBR, aarOTOBB-
TeJIbBble onepa HR DPB BBrOTOBne-
BJIB 512 CJI.
PeSBBOCM9CHTeJlB 117 c.JI.
aBTOMaTH'l9CKOe ynpaBlleBBe B KOBTpOJIIt
139 en.
aarpyao'IBoe YCTpoicTBO 135 CJI.
BenpepbIBBoro AeicTBBa 143 c.JI.
DepBo,lUl'i8CKoro AeocTBBa 119 CJI.
DpBBOA 138 en.
DpOH8BOABTeJIbBOCTl> 143
paarpyao'IBoe YCTpoicTBO 136 c.JI.
perYJIBPoBaBDe DOJlO)J(eBRa pOTOpOB 135
'POTOp 130 CJI.
CM9CHTeJIbSaa KaMepa 128 ell.
C pOTopum OBaJlbBOi c)opMJil 119 CJI.
C pOTOpum Tp8xrpaBRoi c)OpMY 125 c.JI.
C poTOpum D;BJlBBApn8CKoi c)OPMbI
126 CJI.
¥DJlOTBBTeJlbBYe YCTpoicTBa 130 c"'I.
cjlYBAaMeBTBaa DJlHTa 128
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nHCTOB, DIJIYPOB B Tpy60K 233 c.JI.
06pe8BBeBHOrO MeTaJlJlOKOpp,a 247 CJI.
06pe8BBeBBblx TRuei B KOPA8 235 cn.
PeKYDepa BOBBble YCT8BOBKB KJleenpOMa-
SO'IBYX MaIIDIB 220 en.
PeMBlI
BapeaBoi KOBCTp RH 445 CJI.
yaKBe DOCJlouo-aasepuyroi KOBCTPyK-
D;BB, c60pKa 444
POllBKoBble BYJIK&BHSaD;ROBBble KaMepbl Be-
npepbIBBoro AeiCTBBJI 539 ell.
POTaD;ROBDble arperaTY AJia C60PKH DOKpY-
meR C nOBOpa'lBBalOIIUDDICa DO Kpyry
c60po 6apa6aaaMB 374
PyKaBa .
BYJIKa&IISau;BJI 585 cn.
KpyrnOTKaBYe 584 Cll.
BasBBO'IBoi KOBCTpyKD;BB 578 CJI.
06Io1OTO'IBoi KOSCTpyKD;BB 574 CJI.
ODJleTo'IBoi KOBCTPYKD;RH 570 en.
DO,QrOTOBBTeJIbBble B 88Kmo'IBTeJlbBble
oDepau;mt c60plOt 587 CJI.
DPOKJI&AO'IBOB ROBCTpYKD;BB 567 CJI.
CDBpUltBYe 582 cn.
PYKaBSoe DpoBSBOACTBO 567 CJI.
Cuca
pe8BBORopABYe KOBTeUepbl p,JIR nepe-
BOIIOt 156 c.JI.
597
Ca,K8
TpUCDOpTBpOBaBHe H A03HpoBaBDe
151 ell.
CIDReBaa cycDeB3BJ1, YCTUOBJOt Ana DPH-
rOTOBJIeBBJI 27
C60pKa
6eCKOBe'IBIIIX neRT B peMBei 466 en.
R 06KJ1&AKa cepAe'IBBROB lleRT aa py6e-
mOM 445 c.JI.
H 06
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CDOpTePBYX neBT R peM-
BeR Bape3KOH KOBCTpyKD;BB 445 c.JI.
H pe8Ka cepAe'IBHKOB KJlBROBYX peMBei
484 ell.
KpyrnOTKaBblx pyKaBoB 584 ell.
BaBBBO'lBblX pyKaBOB 6e8AopBOBYM CDo-
C060M 580 CJI.
BaBBBO'IBblX pyKaBOB AOpBOBYM CDOCO-
60101 579 CJI.
ORlleTO'IBbIX pyKaBoB 6e
opBOBYM CDo-
C060M 574
ORJleTO'lBblX pyKaBoB AOpBOBYM CDOCo-
60101 572 en.
nOKpLIIDeK 309 en.
- B9JlOCBDeABIIIX 380 en.
- rpY80BblX 332 CJI.
- - TBDa P 367 CJI.
- AH&rORaJlbBblX 317 CJI.
- Kpyuaora6apRTRYX paABaJIbBblX
370 c.JI.
- JlerKOBbIX B MOTOD;8JCJIeTIUIX 319 CJI.
- JIerKOBbIX TBDa P 362 CJI.
- Ba DOTO'IBIIIX JlBBBJlX 371 CJI.
- paABanbBblx 361 CJI.
peMsei Y8KHX DOc.JIoiBo-8aBePBYTOD:
KOBCTpyKD;BB 444
PyKaBOB BaBBBO'IBOH KOBCTpyKD;BB
578 CJI.
- 06MOTO'IBoi KOBCTpyKD;BB 574 CJI.
- oDneTo'IBoi KOBCTpyKD;UB 570 c.JI.
- DOArOTOBHTenbBYe B 8aKJIIO'lBTeJIb-
BYe oDepaD;BB 587 c.JI.
- npoKJI&Ao'IBoi KOBCTp
BU 567 en.
CepAe'IBHKOB KJIBBOBbIX peMBei !KOPA-
TKaBeBoi KOBCTpyxqRB 498
- - - KOPAIDBYPOBOi KOBCTp
BR
496 ell.
- JleRT B OTe'l9CTBeBBOM DpOHBBoACTBe
450 ell.
C'beMBblX DpOTeKTOpBYX KOJleD; mBB
TBDa PC 305 en.
Y8JOtX peMBei DocnoiBo-8aBepBYTOD: KOB-
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pe8Ka 484 CJI.
CKaJIKH MexaBD8HpoBaBBble AJIa C60PKB no-
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TapBoro xpueBBJI camH B CBeTJlYX
DOpoDlKo06pa81U1x MaTepBaJIOB 10 c.JI.
CJla66ep 65, 68
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186 CJI.
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,
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CTUOK
AJia BCTaBKB 80JIOTBBROB BeRTBJleH 438
AJla MeXallB'l9CKOrO 06pe8aBDa aayceB-
D;eB 543 CJI.
CTpeiBep 65, 68
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pOB 198
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BYJlK&BH8aD;BOBBble Dpeccbl 201 CJI.
CTaBKR . Ana e3AoBlllx K&Mep rpY30BIIIX
DOKpl>lDJeK 432 ell.
CycneB3BU, pacTBopbl B naTBKCRble CMeCB,
npBrOToBneBDe 25 en.
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CymKa
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CblDy1J:Be BBrpeABeBTY, DOAa'la 153
TeKCTBJlbBLIii KOPA, 06pa6OTKa 260 CJI.
TeMnepaTypBbli pe)I(BM 'IepBnBoi MamBRY
70 ell.
TepMo06pa6OTKa R BYTarBBaBDe KOPAa
261 CJI.
TKaBeBllle lleRTbI, R3rOTOBneRRe 278 en.
TOJIKaTeJIb 'IepBnBOrO rpaayJIJlTopa 68
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a KanaBAPyeMoro JlHCTa, H8MepeBDe
B perynBpOBaBBe 196 c.JI.
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TopM08Baa CBCTeMa B
lUIe YCTpoi-
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TpucnopTeplUle JleRTbI H DllocJOte DpBBO
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151 CJI.
¥BBBepCaJIbBble 6paClleTRble CTaBRB 6apa-
oaBBoro TBDa 285 CJI.
YBBBepcaJIbBbli MeX&BH8M AnJi DpHKaTKB
AeTaJIei DOKpl>lDJKU Ba C60pO'IBOM
6apa6aRe 343 ell.
YDaKOBO'IBllle CTa&JOt 422
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112 c.JI.
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aa 'IepBB'I-
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- «6er-o-MaTHK_ 395 en.
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$opMoBaBBe DOKpl>lDJeK 384 CJI.
cJ)0pMoBble H3AellBJI 509 CJI.
8aKnlO'IHTeJlbBYe oDepaD;u opH BsrOTO-
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