Author: Яковлев А.И. Кривцов В.С. Олейников А.М.
Tags: физика энергетика электроэнергетика
ISBN: 966-662-044-8
Year: 2003
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11I1J1CC 100 KBT, YCTaHOBJIeHHbIX Ha cYIl{eCTBYIOIWIX B3C, npeBbIlliaeT 500
,'JUIIIIII . 8 IIo,u;aBJIHIOIl{eM 60nbruHHCTBe 3TO n11l{eH3HOHHbIe B3Y cepHH
\ISW56-[()O HOMHHanbHoH MOIl{HOCTbIO 107,5 KBT IIpOH3Bo,u;CTBa CTI Y11H,u;-
1111"111 () JIT JJ:. JJ:anee 3T0 B3Y AB3-250C (200 KBT npH ,u;HaMeTpe BeTpoKoneca
)S M H 250 KBT rrpH ,u;HaMeTpe BeTpOKOneca 31,4 M), B3Y-220 (250 KBT) H
1\ IY-500 (500 KBT), pa3pa60TaHHbIe rKE «1OJKHoe» H H3rOTOBneHHbIe TIO
u lapll». Ita EBIIaTopHHcKOH B3C B 1997 r. CMOHTHpOBaHa e,u;HHCTBeHHaH B
lllllCM rOJ c 8epTHKanbHO-OCeBaH B3Y 3CO-420 MOIl{HOCTbIO 420 KBT pa3pa-
6
BBe.qeHMe
BBe.qeHMe
7
60TKH H IIpOH3BO,u;CTBa IjJHPMbI «3HepremqeCKHe CHCTeMbI H 060Py,u;OBaHHe».
OTIbIT 3Kc,llnyaTan:HH Bc,ex Ha3BaHHbIX B3Y xapaKTepI13yeTcH OTHOC!ITeJIbHO
HeBbICOKHM K03qJIjJ11l{HeHTOM I:ICIIOnb30BaHHH YCTaHOBneHHOH MOll{HOCTH (6 -
15 %), qTO cOIIpHJKeHO, C O,u;HOH CTOpOHbI, co cna6bIM BeTpoBbIM IIOTeHl{HaJIOM
B MeCTax pa3MeIl{eHHJI HeKoTopbIX B3C, a C ,u;pyroH - C He,u;ocTaTOqHOH Ha-
,u;eJKHOCTbIO OT,u;eJIbHbIX Y3JIOB H CBH3aHHbIMH C 3THM OCTaHOBKaMH B3Y ,u;nH
IIpoljJHJIaKTHKH H peMoHTa.
TIo IInaHaM pa3BHTI:IH B3Y B YKpaHHe,u;o 2010 1'. 06llIaH MOll{HOCTb B3C
,u;onJKHa ,u;OCTHqb 1990 MBT, a,u;o 2030 1'. - 16000 MBT, npH 3TOM eJKero,u;Hoe
IIpOH3BO,u;CTBO 3JIeKTp03HeprHH Ha 6a3e B3Y rrnaHHpyeTCH BbIBeCTH Ha ypo-
BeHb 20 - 35 % OT 06llIero K JIHqeCTBa BbIpa6aTbIBaeMoH B cTpaHe 3JIeKTpo-
3HeprnH.
TIepcIIeKT11BHbIMH ,u;JIH BHe,u;peHHH BeTp03HepreTHKH B YKpaHHe HBflHIOT-
CH paHoHbI, r,u;e Cpe,ll;Hero,u;oBbIe CKOpOCTH BeTpa IIpeBbIruaIOT 5 M/C. 3T0 A30BO-
qepHoMopcKaH 30Ha, paBHHHHbIH H ropHbIH KpbIM, KapIIaTbI, JJ:oHel{KaH H fly-
raHCKaH 06nacTH, r,u;e cpe,u;Hero,u;oBbIe CKOpOCTH BeTpa ,u;OCTHralOT 6,5 - 7,5 M/c.
B YKpaHHe B HaCTOJlIl{ee BpeMH pa60TaeT 6 BeTp03JIeKTpHqeCKHX CTaHl{HH, a
Bcero CMOHTHpOBaHO (H MOHTHPYeTCH) 11 B3C C Ha3BaHHoH BbIrue YCTaHoB-
neHHoH MOllIHOCTbIO. B COCTaBe cyruecTBYIOllIHX 3HeprocHcTeM IIJIaHHpyeTcJI
cTpOHTeJIbCTBO B3C B XapbKoBcKOH 06JIaCTH (CTapbIH CanTOB, TIeqeHeJKCKOe
H KOMCOMOJIbCKOe Bo,u;oxpaHHJIHIl{a) H ,u;pyrHx paHOHax.
If3BeCTHo, qTO 3HepreT11qeCKHH IIOTeHl{HaJI BeTpa Ha Bo,u;e BbIIlle, qeM Ha
cyrue, B 2 - 3 pa3a. TI03TOMY B pJl,u;e cTpaH BeTpOCTaHl{HI1 pa3MellIaIOT Ha MeJI-
KOBo,u;be, '-!TO II03BOJIHeT IIOBbICHTb 31jJljJeKTHBHOCTb HX I1CnOJIb30BaHI1H. TaK,
HanpHMep, IIHJIOTHbIH IIpoeKT oljJqJruOpHOH B3C «EOPJIYM BeCT» B repMaHHI1
BKJIIOqaeT 12 BeTporyp6HH no 5 MBT KaJK,u;aJI, pa3MellIeHHbIx B 45 KM Ha ceBep
OT oCTpoBa EOpJIYM B CeBepHOM Mope. B IIepCIIeKTHBe IIJIaHHpYeTCH ,u;OBeCTI1
MOllIHOCTb 3TOH B3C,u;0 1000 MBT. B IInaHax pa3BHTHJI BeTp03HepreTHKH YK-
paHHbI - CTpOHTeJIbCTBO OljJljJruOPHbIX B3C Ha MeJIKOBo,u;HbIX aKBaTOpHJIX CH-
Barua, A30BCKoro H qepHoro MopeH, JJ:Henp06yrcKom JIHMaHa, BHYTpeHHHX
Bo,u;oeMOB. CIO,u;a JKe OTHOCJlTCJI IIpe,u;JIOJKeHHH 0 C03,u;aHHH B3Y Ha IIOHTOHax
HJIH Ha CBaJIX. PaCqeTbI IIOKa3bIBaIOT, '-!TO C nOMOll{bIO BeTpoYCTaHOBOK C TaKHM
pa3MeIl{eHHeM MOJKHO IIOJIyqaTb 10 - 15 % BceH 3JIeKTp03HeprnH, BbIpa6aTbI-
BaeMoH B YKpa11He.
, CTaHoBneHHe BeTp03HepreTHKH KaK HOBOH H BeCbMa eMKoH COCTaBJIJIIO-
llIeH TOIInHBHo-3HepreTHqeCKOrO KOMIIJIeKCa 6a3HpyeTcJI Ha MOIl{HOM HayqHO-
TeXHHqeCKOM H IIPOH3Bo,u;cTBeHHoM rrOTeHl{Hane CTpaHbI. B HCCJIe,u;OBaHHJlX H
BHe,u;peHHH B3Y aKTHBHoe yqaCTHe IIpHHHMalOT YKpaHHcKHH rocy,u;apcTBeH-
HbIH HIfIf HeTpa,ll;Hl{HOHHOH 3HepreTHKH H 3JIeKTpOTexHHKH, CTI YHH,u;3Hepro
flTJJ:, CTI «3apJl», OAO «3-,u; HM. MaJIbIIlleBa», «XapTpoH», YTI «CBiT BiTpy»,
AKa,ll;eMHqeCKHH MeJKOTpaCJIeBOH HayqHo-TeXHHqeCKHH l{eHTp, rKE «1OJKHoe»,
liIHCTHryT 3neKTpo,u;HHaMHKH HAH YKpaHHbI, HrTY «KTIliI», Hal{HOHaJIbHbIH
33pOKOCMHqeCKHH YHHBepCHTeT «XAIf», KpbIM3Hepro H ,lI;pyrHe Be,ll;YllIHe BY-
1bI, HayqHbIe H IIpOH3Bo,u;CTBeHHbIe OpraHH3al{HH H IIpe,u;IIp11HT11H CTpaHbI.
rocHliIliI H33 3aH11MaeTCH B OCHOBHOM ceTeBbIMH BeTpOarperaTaMH
MOll{HOCTbIO 100 KBT H BbIrue [130]. 3,u;eCb JKe pa3pa60TaHbI H H3rOTOBneHbI
IICTpOBO,u;OIIo,u;'beMHbIH arperaT MOllIHOCTbIO 0,5 KBT, B3Y MOIl{HOCTbIO 15 KBT
MO,u;YJIbHOrO HCIIonHeHHH H ,u;p. Bce 60JIee aKTHBHO IIo,u;KJIIOqalOTCH K BeTpo-
'JIICpreTHKe HeKoTopbIe qaCTHbIe IIpe,u;npHHTHH YKpaHHbI. HaIIp11Mep, IjJHpMa
«Knep» (1'. KHeB) pa3pa60TaJIa aBTOHOMHYIO YCTaHoBKY MOIl{HOCTbIO 5 KBT H
)(B3 BapHaHTa B3Y (aBToHoMHbIH H CeTeBoH) MOll{HOCTbIO 45 KBT. B HT[(
«Allb TEKC» pa3pa60TaHbI BeTpoBo,u;oIIo,u;'beMHaH YCTaHoBKa Ha 0,3 KBT, a
raK)t<e pJl,u; B3Y MOllIHOCTbIO 2,25, 4 H 10 KBT. <1>HpMa «3Hepro,u;ap» (1'. Xapb-
ImR) 113rOTaBJI11BaeT BeTpoycTaHoBKH ManoH MOll{HOCTH, a ceBaCTOnOJIbCKaH
(11UpMa «C5£HBO» (1'. CeBaCTOIIOJIb) npe,u;JIaraeT IIpocTbIe 6e3pe)J;yKTopHbIe
IICTPOYCTaHOBKH cepHH YB3 MOll{HOCTbIO 200, 500 H 1000 BT.
BMeCTe C TeM pa3BOpaqHBaeTCJI cHcTeMaIIo.u;roToBKHKa.ll;pOB ,u;JIH HOBOH
orpacnH. B o,u;HHHa,ll;l{aTH Be)J;yllIHx BY3ax YKpaHHbI OTKpbITbI HOBbIe cnel{H-
IIJI),IIOCT11 IIO 3HeproIIpe06pa30BaH11IO H 3Heproc6epeJKeHHIO, B TOM qHCJIe CIIe-
1(lIaJlbHOCTb «HeTpa,ll;Hl{HOHHbIe H B0306HOBJIHeMbIe HCTOqHHKH 3HeprHH»,
IIKJIIO'-laIOliiaH B ce6S1 rJIaBHbIM 06pa30M BeTp03HepreTHKY H COJIHeqHbIe IIpe06-
pa 10naTeJIH. 3TO 06CTOHTeJIbCTBO Tpe6yeT COOTBeTCTBYIOll{eH yqe6HO-
M\:T01 HqeCKOH 6a3bI - yqe6HHKOB, yqe6HbIX noc06HH, MeTo,u;HqeCKHX pa3pa60-
10K, cnel{11anbHOro JIa60paTopHoro H HayqHO-TeXHHqeCKOrO 060py,u;OBaHHH.
Ilpli 60JIbruOM qHCJIe TaKHX H3,u;aHHH, IIy6JIHKal{HH B HayqHOH nepHo,u;11Ke, Ma-
rqmaJ10B MHOrOqHCJIeHHbIX HayqHO-TeXHHqeCKHX KOHqJepeHl{HH OIIpe,u;eJIeHHO
IIC)(OCTaTOqHO OCBellIeHbI CIIel{11IjJHqeCKHe BOIIpOCbI 3JIeKTpOMeXaHHqeCKOrO
IIp\:ofipa30BaHlIJI 3HeprHH B BeTpOYCTaHOBKax. B TO JKe BpeMJI HMeHHO 3TH BO-
IIpOCl,1 MOJKHO OTHeCTH K HaH60JIee IIp06JIeMHbIM, peruaeMbIM KaK Ha 3Tallax
11I.loopa KOHCTPYKT11BHOH cxeMbI B3Y H ee IIpoeKTHpOBaHHH, TaK 11 B npOl{eCce
"\\:IIJlyaTal{HH.
rJpH IIo,u;rOTOBKe ,u;aHHoro yqe6HHKa aBTopbI CTaBHJIH 3a,ll;aqy B 60JIee
IIOIIIIOH CTCIIeHH peruHTb Ha3BaIfHYIO IIp06JIeMY. B HeM paCCMOTpeHbI IjJH3Hqe-
CI,IIC IlpOl{eCCbI a3po,u;HHaMHqeCKOrO H 3JIeKTpOMeXaHHqeCKOrO IIpe06pa30Ba-
11(1)1 IIICpr11H B 3JIeKTpHqeCKHX reHepaTopax, YCTPOHCTBO THIIOBbIX B3Y H re-
III:P,I ropOB, 3HepreTHqeCKHe xapaKTepHCTHKH H HX COrJIaCOBaHHe, a3po,u;HHa-
MIl'ICClme H 3JIeKTpOMarHHTHbIe paCqeTbI YCIIeruHo 3apeKOMeH,u;OBaBIll11X ce6J1
1",IICTPYKTHBHbIX cxeM H THIIOB B3Y.
II.3noJKeHHe MaTepHaJIa B ,u;aHHOM H3,u;aHHH B OCHOBHOM aHaJIOrHqHO
IIOI!lIIU<Y, npHHHTOMY B yqe6HHKax no 3JIeKTpOMeXaH11qeCKHM
IIIII'l l opa10BaTenJlM C Y'IeTOM Cnel{HIjJHKH HX pa60TbI B B3Y. TIo KaJK,u;OMY THny
l'a\TMa rpUBaeMbIX reHepaTopOB (IIOCTOHHHoro TOKa, CHHXpOHHbIX,
.H'IIIIXpOHHbIX, C IIOCTOJlHHbIMH MarHHTaMH H 11H,u;YKTOPHbIX) IIOCJIe,u;OBaTeJIbHO
OIIllC III)'1 npHH 11II ,u;eHCTBHH 1:1 YCTPOHCTBO, 06llIHe BonpOCbI TeopHH,
\'II.IIII1CIII1S1 "}neKTpHqeCKOrO paBHOBeCHH, cxeMbI 3aMellIeHHH H BeKTOPHbIe
8
rnaBa 1. 06111Me xapaKTepMCTMKM
BeTp03neKTpM',jeCKMX YCTaHoBoK
9
BBe,QeHMe
cxeMbI 3aMellIeHHH H BeKTopHbIe ,u;HarpaMMbI, a TaKJKe HX OCHOBHbIe xapaKTe-
pHCTHKH. TIpH 3TOM rJIaBHOe BHHMaHHe y,u;eneHo CBH3H Ij:>H3HqeCKHX npOl{eCCOB
H CooTHoIlleHHH C 3KCllJIyaTal{HOHHbIMH oc06eHHocTHMH pa3JIHqHbIX THIIOB re-
HepaTopoB 11 paccMoTpeHHIO Ha KOHKpeTHbIX IIpHMepax peJKHMOB HX pa60TbI B
pa3JIHqHbIX ,u;eHcTBYIOllIHX BeTpoycTaHoBKax IIPH pa3JIHqHbIX cxeMax perYJIH-
pOBaHHH BbIxo,u;Horo HanpHJKeHHH. TaKHM 06pa30M, oTIIa,u;aeT He06xo,u;HMOCTb B
oT,u;eJIbHOM H3yqeHHH KYpca 3JIeKTpHqeCKHX MaruHH, 3a 11CKnIOqeHHeM 3neK-
Tp11qeCKHX Maru11H Cnel{HanbHOro Ha3HaqeHHH H peJKHMOB HX pa60TbI B pa3-
nHqHbIX 3neKTp03HepreTHqeCKHX CHCTeMax.
ABTOpbI CqHTaIOT CBOHM ,u;onrOM BbIpa3ilTb 6naro,u;apHocTb pel{eH3eHTaM
,u;aHHoH KHHrH: KOnJIeKTHBY Kalj:>e,u;pbI 3neKTpoTexHHKH HaWIOHaJIbHOrO TeXHH-
qeCKoro YH11BepCHTeTa (XTIIf), 3aB. Kalj:>. ,u;.T.H., IIpOqJ. JJ:aHbKo B.r., ,u;.T.H.,
IIpOIj:>. KY3bMHHY B.B. H 3aB. Kalj:>e,u;poH C11CTeM yrrpaBJIeHH5I YKpaHHcKOH HH-
JKeHepHo-IIe,u;arorHqeCKOH aKa,ll;eMHH ,u;.T.H., IIpOIj:>. KY3He oBY 1>.11., IIpOIj:>. Ky-
3bM11HY B.B., a TaKJKe C.H.C. XAIf 3aTyqHoH M.A., MepKyrueBY B.H., CaBHHo-
BbIM If.E. H A.B. 3a HeOl{eHHMYIO IIOMOIl{b B KOMIIbIOTepHoM Ha60pe, OqJOpM-
neHHH H no,u;rOTOBKe PYKOIIHCH K H3,u;aHHIO.
Bce 3aMeqaHHH H IIOJKenaHHH IIO YJIyqrneHHIO ,u;aHHoro H3,u;aHHH npocHM
HaIIpaBJIHTb aBTopaM IIO a,u;pecy:
61112,1'. XapbKoB. YJI. P.3H,u;eMaHa, 11,. 4a, 1<8. 54;
99015,r.CeBacToIIoJIb,YJI.KypqaToBa,,u;.14.KB.24.
rJIaBa 1.
06m:He xapaKTepHCTHKH BeTp03JIeKTpH-IeCKHX
YCTaHOBOK
1.1. c'DH3H'leCKHe OCHOBbi HCnOJIb30BaHHH 3HeprHH BeTpa
BeTep B03HHKaeT B pe3YJIbTaTe nOCTOHHHoro l{11pKYJIHl{HOHHOro HepaB-
1I0McpHoro HarpeBa COnHl{eM 3eMHOH IIOBepXHOCTH 11 JlBJIHeTC5I OlIHHM H3 He11C-
CJlKaeMbIX H ,u;OCTaTOqHO MOllIHbIX npHpO,ll;HbIX 3HepreTHqeCKHX HCTOqHHKOB.
BaJKHeHrneH 3HepreT11qeCKOH xapaKTepHcTHKOH BeTpa JlBnHeTCjj' ero CKO-
pOCTb V. TIo,u; ,u;eHCTBHeM PMa MeTeOpOJIOrHqeCKHX lj:>aKTOpOB (B03MYIUeHu5I
a rMoclj:>epbI, H3MeHeHHJI COnHeqHOH aKTHBHOCTH H ,u;p.), a TaKJKe H3-3a BJI11HHHH
pcm,elj:>a MeCTHOCTH CKOpOCTb 11 HaIIpaBJIeHHe BeTpa H3MeHHIOTCH IIO CJIyqaH-
1l0MY 3aKOHY.
JJ:nJl OIIpe,u;eJIeHUJI MrHOBeHHOH CKOpOCTH BeTpa vj, T.e. CKOpOCTH 3a IIpO-
MC)t(YTOK BpeMeHH, H3MepHeMbIH ceKYHl1,aMH HnH ,u;aJKe ee ,u;onHMH, nOJIb3YIOTCH
I:llcL(l1anbHbIMH npH60paMH - aHeMOMeTpaM11.
MmOBeHHa51 CKOpOCTb BeTpa onpe,u;eJIHeT L\HHaM11qeCKOe B03,u;eHCTBHe
n03,u;yruHoro IIOTOKa Ha BeTpo,u;BHraTeJIb H BJIHHeT Ha pa60ry aBTOMaTHqeCKHX
I:HCTeM perYJIHpOBaH11H. KOJIHqeCTBO 3Hepr11H, KOTOPYIO CMOJKeT BbIpa6aTbI-
IJaTb BeTp03n:eKTpHqeCKa51 YCTaHOBKa, 3aBHCHT B nepBYIO Oqepe,u;b OT ycpe,u;-
IICRROH CKOpOCTH BeTpa KaK BO BpeMeHH, TaK H IIO IIJIOIl{a,ll;H nOBepXHOCT11, 06-
MCTaeMoH BeTpoKonecoM.
Cpe,u;HJIJl CKOpOCTb BeTpa v cp 3a BbI6paHHbIH IIpOMeJKYTOK BpeMeHH onpe-
J\CJTHCTCJI OTHorueHHeM CYMMbI H3MepeHHbIX 3HaqeH11H MrHOBeHHOH CKOpOCTH
Vi K qHCJIY 113MepeHHH n:
V cp = Lv;/n [WC].
(1.1)
Cpe,ll;HeCYTOqHYIO CKOpOCTb v cyr HaXO)I;HT ,u;eJIeHHeM Ha 24 CYMM'bI cpe,u;-
lIe'-laCOBbIX CKopocTeH v", a Cpe,ll;Hero,u;oByro V r - ,u;eJIeHUeM Ha 365 CYMMbI Bcex
V CYT 3a ro,u;.
Ha pHC. 1.1 npe,u;cTaBneHo pacIIpe,u;eJIeHHe cpe,u;Hero,u;oBbIX CKopocTeH
HeTPa Ha TeppHTopHH YKpaHHbI [151].
TIocKOnbKY CKOpOCTH BeTpa MeHHIOTCH B Pa3JIHqHOe BpeMH CYTOK, pa3HbIe
MCC5Il{bI H ce30HbI, IIPH BbI60pe MeCTa pa3MeIl{eH11H BeTpocTaHl{HH, npH a3po-
,u;HHaMH'-IeCKHX H npOqHOCTHbIX paCqeTaX B3Y, npH IIpoeKTHpoBaHHH Mexa-
IIH3MOB, ilX perYJIHpOBaHHH H opHeHTal{HH paccMaTpHBaIOT rpalj:>HKH CYTOqHO-
1"0, MeCJl'IHOrO H ce30HHoro pacnpe,u;eneHHH CKopocTeH. IIo3ToMY MaKpocTpYK-
rypa B03,u;yruHoro nOTOKa, npe,u;cnbHbIe 3HaqeHHH CKopocTeH BeTpa, ,u;aHHbIe 06
10
rnaBa 1. 06111Me xapaKTepMCTMKM
BeTp03neKTpM',jeCKMX YCTaHoBoK
cJ>M3M'IeCKMe OCHOBbl Mcnonb30BaHMJI 3HeprMM BeTpa
11
Il!..-
I h ) 5 g ho
v=vI l - ,HnM V=VI '
hI I -.l
g ho
I',u;e VI - CKOpOCTb BeTpa, H3MepeHHaM B6JI113H 3eMnH Ha BbICOTe hI; v- HCKOMaH
CKOpOCTb Ha BbICOTe h; ho - BbICOTa, Ha KOTOpOH CKOpOCTb BeTpa paBHa HynIO.
BeJIl1qHHa ho 3aBHCHT OT ruepoxoBaTOCTH IIo,u;CTHJIaIOIl{eH IIOBepXHOCTH (,lI;nSl
CneJKHOrO IIOKpOBa ho "" 0,5 CM, ,lI;nSl IIOBepXHOCTeH C H113KOH TpaBOH
11 0 "" 3,2 CM, C 60nee BbICOKHM11 pacTeHHHMH h o "" 5 - 7 CM, ho max "" 20 CM).
(1.2)
ero 11HTeHCHBHOCTH H MHKPOCTpYKrype IIOTOKa 3a OTHOCHTeJIbHO KopoTKHe HH-
TepBaJIbI BpeMeHM HBJIHIOTCSI BmKHbIMH peJKHMHbIMH XapaKTepHcTHKaMH BeTpo-
Boro IIOTOKa.
CYIllecTByeT KpHTepHH, nOCTpOeHHbIH na OCHOBe cpe,u;Hero,u;oBoH 'cKOpO-
CTH BeTpa, IIPH KOTOpOll B3Y peHTa6eJIbHa H oKyrraeT ce6J1 [154]. 3Ta CKO-
pOCTb Haxo,u;HTCH B ,u;HaIIa30He 5,1 - 5,9 wc. KaK BH,u;HO H3 pHC. 1.1, Ha 101'0-
BOCTOKe YKpaHHbI cpe,u;HHH CKOpOCTb BeTpa 6JIH3Ka K TaKoMY rrOKa3aTeJIIO, a
CJIe,u;OBaTeJIbHO, HMeIOTCH Bce ycnoBHH ,u;JIJI pa3MellIeHHH B 3THX pernoHax KaK
aBTOHOMHbIX B3Y, TaK 11 MOllIHbIX ceTeBbIX BeTponapKoB.
1400
1600
800
1200
1000
600
400
200
PHC. 1.1. PacnpC.l\CJICHHC CpC.l\HCrO.l\OBLIX CKOpOCTCU BCTpa B YKpaHHc (0, M/c)
no .l\aHHLIM [151 J
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
V,MlC
PHC. 1.2. OnpC.l\CJICHHC MaKCHMYMa CpC.l\HCrO.l\OBOU Bblpa60TKH v 3 t p
.l\JIH pa60'lcu CKOpOCTH BCTpa v> 6 M/c
BeTep - 3TO CJIOJKHbIH reoljJH3HqeCKHH IIpOl{eCC, KOTOpbIH MOJKHO npo-
rH03HpOBaTb TOJIbKO C onpe,u;eJIeHHOH CTeneHbIO BepOJlTHOCTH, HCIIOJIb3YH Me-
TO,u;bI CTOXaCTHqeCKOll H3MeHqHBOCTH HHTeHC11BHOCTH IIOTOKa KaK B H36paHHoM
MHTepBaJIe BpeMeHH, TaK H Ha OrpaHHqeHHOM npOCTpaHCTBe.
BmI<HOH ero XapaKTepHCTHKOH HBJIHeTCJI TaKJKe BepTHKaJIbHbIH IIpOIjJHJIb
CKOpoCTeH BeTpa B npH3eMHOM CJIoe. BJIHHHHe 3eMHOH rrOBepxHOCTH Ha CKO-
pOCTb H HanpaBJIeHHe BeTpa YMeHbIllaeTCJI IIO Mepe YBeJIHqeHHH BbICOTbI, Kor,u;a
CKOpOCTb IIOCTeIIeHHO B03pacTaeT, a IIOpbIBHCTOCTb H YCKopeHHe IIOTOKa CHH-
JKaIOTCH. rpa,ll;HeHT CKopoCTeH JIeTOM, KaK npaBHJIO, MeHbrue, qeM 3HMOH, Kor,u;a
BepT11KanbHbIH IIepena,ll; TeMIIeparyp OTHOCHTeJIbHO He60JIbliiOH.
TIpH a,ll;Ha6aTHqeCKOM rpa,ll;HeHTe BepTHKaJIbHbIH IIpOIjJHJIb BeTpa v = I(h)
aIInpOKC11MHpyeTcM B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT BH,u;a [13 1 ]
Y CTaHOBJIeHa 3aBHC11MOCTb paCqeTHOU CKOpOCTH BeTpa OT 3a,ll;aHHOH
cpc).(Hero,u;oBoH CKOpOCTH BeTpa. JJ:JIH BbI60pa paCqeTHOH HJIH, KaK ee Ha3bIBa-
lOT, YCTaHOBJIeHHOH CKOpOCTH BeTpa V y IIO H3BeCTHOH cpe,u;Hero,u;OBOH CKOpOCTH
IICTpa V CP . roA C nOMOllIbIO Ta6JIH bI M.M. TIoMOpl{eBa, IIpHBe,u;eHHOH B pa60Te
1125], 6billH IIpoBelIeHbI BbI60pKH ro,u;OBOH BbIpa60TKH v\' r,u;e V - pa60qaM
Cl<OpOCTb BeTpa, a t p - IIoBTopHeMoCTb 3TOll CKOpOCTH 3a ro,u;, BbIpaJKeHHaM B
'Iilcax.
AHanOrnqHO TOMY, KaK 3TO c,u;eJIaHO B pa60Te [125] ,u;JIH cpe,u;Hero,u;oBbIX
Cl<opocTeH MeHblliHX 6 M/C 11 CKopocTeH 60JIbru11X 6 M/c, HaMH oIIpe,u;eJIeHbI Be-
11II'IHHbI cKopoCTeH, cooTBeTcTBYIOllIHX MaKcHMYMY ro,u;oBoH BbIpa60TKH. Ha
pilC. 1.2 KpMBaM 1 coe,u;HHHeT MaKcHMYMbI ce MeHCTBa KpHBbIX IIPH pa3JIHqHbIX
'1IIo.I'lCHHSlX vcp.roA = const.
l
12
rnaBa 1. 06111Me xapaKTepMCTMKM
BeTp03neKTpM'IeCKMX yCTaHoBoK
CJ>M3M'IeCKMe OCHOBbl Mcnonb30BaHMJI 3HeprMM BeTpa
13
B Ta6JI. 1.1 IIpHBe.u;eHbI peaJIbHbIe 3HaqeHHH vcp.roll 11 COOTBeTCTBYIOI.IJ;He
HM CKOpOCTH vy.u;JIH vcp.roll ::;: 6 M/c IIO [125] H 3HaqeHHH vy.u;JIH v cp . mlI > 6 M/C
IIO HaruHM paCqeTaM.
Ta6mnia 1.1
OIIpe.u;emiIOT no p03e BeTpOB - rpaljJHKY, IIOKa3bIBaIOIl{eMY, KaKoH npOl{eHT 06-
llIero BpeMeHH rOl1a BeTep 11MeeT TO HnH HHoe HarrpaBJIeHHe. YrJIOBbIe rpa,ll;H-
eHTbI CKOpOCTH cyrueCTBeHHO BJIHHIOT Ha pa60TY MexaHH3MOB aBTOMaTHqeCKOH
opHeHTaIJ;HH H Ha BenHqHHY rnpOCKOnHqeCKHX HarpY30K.
KHHeTHqeCKaH 3HeprnH B03.u;YIIIHoro IIOTOKa oIIpe.u;eJIJleTCJI 113BeCTHbIM
COOTHOIlleHHeM
vcp.rOlI' M/c 3,0 4,0 5,0 6,0 7,0 8,0 9,0 10,0
v y , M/c 5,0 6,5 7,5 8,5 9,7 10,8 12,0 13,3
Vy,M/C 14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
53
./
III,"
./
./
II "'
../ ."
I
.........-' I-"'
./
1 2
E 6030 = -my [)J;JK]. (1.6)
2
Macca m B03,l1;yxa, IIpOTeKaIOlliero co CKOpOCTbIO v qepe3 CeqeHHe S B 1 C,
K2
m=psv [-], (1.7)
c
r.u;e p - IIJIOTHOCTb B03,l1;yxa (p = 1,23 Kr/M 3 npH TeMIIeparype t = 15°C H aTMO-
cqJepHOM .u;aBJIeHHH 760 MM pT. CT.); S - IIJIOIl{a,ll;b CeqeH11J1, MI.
TIO.u;CTaBJIJlH (1.7) B (1.6), IIOJIyqaeM 3HeprnIO B03.u;yIIIHoro nOTOKa
Ha pHc.l.3 IIpe.u;cTaBJIeHa rpaljJHqeCKaM 3aBHCHMOCTb Vy(vcp.mlI)'
1 3
E 6030 =-psv
2
CooTHorueHHe (1.8) ,lI;nJl Kpyrnoro CeqeHHH S = 1tR 2 MOJKeT 6bITb 3aIIHca-
HO B BH.u;e
(1.8)
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 11
V cp.ro,!\,M/c
1 2 3
E 6030 =-pJrR v,
2
(1.9)
PHC. 1.3. 3aBHCHMOCTb YCTaHOBJIeHHOH CKOpOCTH BCTpa v y
OT cpc,!\HcroJJ.oBoH CKOpOCTII BeTpa V CP . roli
rl1e R BK - pa.u;HYc CeqeHHH, M.
TaKHM 06pa30M, KHHeTHqeCKaM 3HeprHH BeTpa IIpOIIOpl{HOHanbHa KY6y
ero CKOpOCTH H IIJIOllIa,ll;H IIOIIepeqHoro CeqeHHH s. 3HeprHH BeTpa CBoHcTBeH-
HbI HH3KaH IInOTHOCTb H HeCTa611JIbHoCTb. I1MeHHo 3TO 06cToMTenbcTBo 06y-
CJIOBJIHBaeT Tpy.u;HOCTH H c03.u;aeT orpaHHqeHHH ,lI;nM ero 11CIIOJIb30BaHHH B ruH-
pOKHX MacIIITa6ax. JJ:JIH YBeJIHqeHHJI BbIXO.u;HOH MOIl{HOCTH B3Y IIpHXO.u;HTCH
YBeJIHqHBaTb .u;HaMeTp BeTpOKOJIeCa 11 06eCIIeqHBaTb OIIT11ManbHbIe IIapaMeTpbI
npoljJHJIH JIOnacTeH.
OHa C .u;OCTaTOqHOH )!;JIH paCqeTOB TOqHOCTbIO MOJKeT 6bITb anIIpOKCHMH-
pOBaHa JIOMaHOH JIHHHeH C TpeMM yqaCTKaMH 11 COOTBeTCTBYIOllIHMH JIHHeHHbI-
MH 3aBHCHMOCTHMH [142]:
- Ha I-M yqaCTKe (3 M/C::;: vcp.roll < 4 M/c)
v y = 0,5 + 1,5 vcp.rolI;
(1.3)
1.2. TunM BeTpOKOJIeC U ux OCHOBHMe xapaKTepucTuKH
- Ha 2-M yqaCTKe (4 M/c::;: v cp . mlI ::;: 6 M/c)
v y = 2,5 + VCP.rOlI;
(1.4)
KHHeTHqeCKaH 3HeprfIJI BeTpa (1.6) IIpe06pa3yeTcH BeTpo.u;BHraTeJIeM B
MeXaH11qecKYIO 3HeprHIO H .u;aJIee B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT Ha3HaqeHHH BeTpoycTaHo-
BOK 3Ta 3HeprHM C nOMOllIbIO reHepaTopoB, IIpe06pa30BaTeJIeii HJIH HCIIOJIHH-
reJIbHbIX MexaHH3MOB MOJKeT 6bITb npe06pa30BaHa B 3neKTpHqecKYIO, TeIIJIO-
BYIO, XHMHqecKYIO, MeXaHHqecKYIO HJIH .u;pyrHe BH.u;bI 3HeprHH.
B MeXaHHqecKYIO 3HeprnIO E MCX BeTpo.u;B11raTenb MOJKeT npe06pa30BaTb
roJIbKO qaCTb nonHoH 3HeprHH B03l1yruHoro nOTOKa E B03lI , npoxo.u;MllIero qepe3
- Ha 3-M yqacTKe (VCP.rOlI> 6 wc)
v y = 1,3 + 1,2 v cp ' mlI ' (1.5)
HanpaBJIeHHe BeTpa 06bIqHO HrpaeT MeHbIllYIO pOJIb C TOqKU 3peHHH 31jJ-
ljJeKTHBHOCTH pa60TbI B3Y. O.u;HaKo B pa3JIHqHbIX JIaH,u;ruaqJTax BeTpbI pa3HbIX
pYM60B HMeIOT Heo.u;HHaKOBYIO nOpbIB11CTOCTb H CKOpOCTb. I1x IIOBTopHeMOCTb
14
rnaBa 1. 06111Me xapaKTepMCTMKM
BeTp03neKTpM',jeCKMX YCTaHoBoK
TMnbl BeTpoKonec 1'1 MX OCHOBHble xapaKTepMCTMKM
IS
CeqeHHe BeTpOKOJIeCa, oIIpe,u;eJIHeMYIO THIIOM ,u;BHraTeJIH H peJK11MOM ero pa60-
TbI. 3T8 qaCTb Ol{eHHBaeTcH K03«pIjJHl{HeHTOM Hcnonb30BaHHH 3HeprHH BeTpa
Cpo
K031jJIjJHl{HeHT C p - O,u;11H 113 rnaBHbIX IIapaMeTpOB, xapaKTep113YIOIl{HX
31jJljJeKTHBHOCTb BeTpOTyp6HHbI. OH OIIpe,u;eJIHeT cpe,u;HIOIO Bblpa60TKY 3neK-
Tp03HeprnH Ha KOHKpeTHOH YCTaHOBKe.
JJ:pyrnM BaJKHeHruHM IIapaMeTpOM B3Y HBJIHeTCH K031jJIjJHIJ;HeHT 6bICT-
pOXOJJ;HOCTH Z, KOTOpbIH OIIpe,u;emllOT KaK OTHorueHHe OKPYJKHOH CKOpOCTH
KOHl{OB nOIIaCTeH K CKOpOCTH BeTpa V:
Z= OJR =!:!..
,
V V
3,l1;eCb R - pa,u;nyc OKPYJKHOCTH, OMeTaeMOH KOHl{eBbIMH 3JIeMeHTaMH nonaCTeH;
1rn
(j) - ymOBaJI qaCTOTa, OJ = - [PaWc]; U - OKpYJKHaJI CKOpOCTb Ha KOIfl{aX JIO-
30
TIonyqHM BenHqHHbI, xapaKTep113YIOIl{He 3HaqeHHH K031jJ1jJ11IJ;11eH'I'a Cpo
Ha p11c. 1.4 IIOKa3aH IIOTOK B03)1;yxa, YCJIOBHO OrpaHHqeHHbIH CeqeHHHMH: SI -
IIepe,u; BeTpOKOJIeCOM; S - B 30He BeTpOKOJIeCa; S2 - 3a BeTpoKonecoM. COOTBeT-
CTBYIOIl{He 0603HaqeHHH CKOpOCTU BeTpa - Vt.V 11 V2 (V2 < V < VI)'
TIoTepH KllHeTHqecKoH 3HeprHH IIOTOKa Ha BeTpOKonece B ceKYH,u;Y CO-
CTaBJIHIOT
1 2 2
E SI -E S2 =-PSV(VI -V2)' (1.10)
2
CHna F, ,u;eHcTBYIOIl{aJI Ha BeTpOKOJIeCO, oIIpe,u;eJIHeTcJI H3MeHeHHeM HM-
IIynbca nOToKa:
1rDn [/J
IIaCTeH, U = - M C ,
60
r,u;e n - qaCTOTa BpaIl{eHHH, 06/MHH; D - ,u;HaMeTp BeTpoKoneca, M.
BeJIH'IHHa Z HaXO,ll;UTCH B npe,u;eJIax 0,2 - 10: )!;JIH KPYIIHbIX B3Y Z > 1,
NUl B3Y C 60nbruHM KOJIH'IeCTBOM nOIIaCTeH Z '" 3, )I;JIH B3Y C TpeMH nonac-
TSIMH H 60JIbIIIOH CKOpOCTbIO BpallIeHHH Z'" 6 - 1 O.
B pa60Te BeTpoycTaHoB-
KH BbI,u;enHIOT ,u;Ba npe,u;eJIbHbIX
pC)lmMa: peJKHM C nOCTOHH-
IlbIM K034>4>Hl{HeHTOM 6bICT-
PUXO,u;HOCTU Z H, CJIe.l1.0Ba-
I'CnbHO, C IIOCTOJlHHbIM K031jJ-
111H1{HeHTOM MOIl{HOCTH C p , H
PCJKUM C nOCTOJlHHOH qaCTO-
TOH Bpa eHHJI BeTpoKOJIeCa H,
CJlC,lI;OBaTeJIbHO, C nepeMeH-
II!.IM K031jJIjJHIJ;HeHTOM Cpo Xa-
paKTepUCTHKa BeTPoKOJIeca
uGbI'IHO .l1.8eTCJI B BH,u;e 3aBHCU-
MocreH K03IjJ4>HIJ;HeHTa C p H
npaU{aIOIl{erO MOMeHTa M OT
nCnH'IHHbI Z (PHC. 1.5).
BMecTo MOMeHTa M qaCTO OTKJIa)I;bIBaeTCH 3HaqeHHe OTHOCUTeJIbHOrO
MOMeHTa
d(mv)
F=-=psv(vI-V2)' (1.11)
dt
TIPOH3BO,u;HMaJI 3TOH cHnoH pa60Ta
A = Fv = PSV 2 (VI - v2)' (1.12)
MaKCHMaJIbHOe 3HaqeH11e 3TOH pa60TbI OIIpel1eJIHeTCH cooTHorueH11eM
[134]
16 1 3
Amax =--psv).
272
(1.13)
1 3
BenHqHHa - psv) oIIpe,u;emleT MOIl{HOCTb IIOTOKa B CeqeHHH 6e3 BeT-
2
pOKoneca.
TaKHM 06Pa30M, MaKCHMaJIbHO
B03MOJKHOe 3HaqeHHe K031jJ1jJ11IJ;HeHTa
Amax 16
MOIl{HOCTH C Pmax = - = - = 0,593,
A 27
KOTopoe Ha3bIBaIOT TeopeTHqeCKHM npe-
,u;eJIOM EeTl{a. BIIepBbIe 3TOT K031jJIjJH H-
eHT ,u;JIH BeTpo,u;BHraTeJIH, pa60TaIOllIero
6e3 nOTepb, 6bIn IIonyqeH H.E. )KYKOB-
CKHM - TBOpl{OM a3po,u;11HaMHKH. B npaK-
THqeCKHX paCqeTaX Y'-IHTbIBaIOT BJIHHHHe Ha BeJIHqHHY C p THIIa BeTpoKoneca, B
pe3ynbTaTe qero OH YMeHbruaeTcH H COCTaBJIHeT
C p = (0,3-0,8)C pmax '" 0,18-0,48 . (1.14)
MeHbruee 3HaqeHHe C p OTHOCHTCH K MHoronOIIaCTHbIM THXOXOlIHbIM
B3Y C BepTHKaJIbHOH OCbIO BpallIeHHH, 60nbruee - K rOpH30HTanbHO-OCeBbIM
B3Y C ,lI;BYMH-TpeMH nOIIaCTJlM11 THIIa «TIpoIIeJInep».
S S _-- if 62
'------rr-
I _._ -. V 2 V <Y<V
V f' 2 I
------ -----
PHC. 1.4. K Onpelle.TIeHHlO Ko-
3......HI.\HeHTa HCnOJlL30BaHHH
3Hepruu BeTpa C p B3Y
(1.15)
Cp M
M max
M HOM
MO
ZHOM
Zmax coR
V
PHC. 1.5. MOU.\llOCTHLle H MOMeHTHLle
xapaKTepHCTHKH BeTpollBHrSTe.TIJi
2M
M= 3 2 '
rrRpv
BenH'IHHe CPmax COOTBeTCTBYeT 3HaqeHUe HOMHHaJIbHOrO MOMeHTa
"'f"'MI.
(1.16)
n
16
rnaBa 1. 06111Me xapaKTepMCTMKM
BeTp03neKTpM',jeCKMX YCTaHoBoK
AnnpOKCMMaLlMJI 3HepreTM'IeCKMX XapaKTepMCTMK BeTpoTyp6MH
17
Mm= MO
OTHoIlleHHe - onpe,u;eJIHeT IIeperpY3KY, OTHOllIeHHe - - cTpa-
M"OM M max
rHBaHHe. Zrnin - C11HXpOHHYIO CKOpOCTb, OTHorueH11e IZrnin 1= Zrnin HaJbIBaIOT
Z"o,w
Ha pHC. 1.6 ,u;aHbI TeOpeTH-
'IeCKHe 3aBHCHMOCTH C p H M B
IjJYHKl{HH Z ,u;JIH pa3JIHqHbIX THIIOB
BeTpOTyp611H [134]. Ha IIpaKTHKe
HeH36eJKHbI OTKnOHeHHJI OT 3THX
xapaKTepHcTHK, qTO 06YCJIOBJIeHO
YCJIOBHHMH 3KCnJIyaTaUHH, BJIHH-
HHeM peJIbeqJa, xapaKTepoM KOJIe-
6aHHH BeTpa 11 T.II.
BaJKHOH xapaKTepHcTHKOH
BeTpOKOJIeCa }IBflHeTC}I TaK)Ke qHC-
JIO JIOnacTeH. B 60JIbllIHHCTBe
npHMeHJIeMbIX B MHpe B3Y qHCJIO
JIOnaCTeH He IIpeBbIlliaeT qeTbIpex,
IIPH 3TOM reHep11pyeMaH MOIl{-
HOCTb 3aBHCHT B OCHOBHOM OT
OMeTaeMOH BK IIJIOllIa,ll;H H Mano
3aBHCHT OT qHCJIa JIOIIaCTeH.
B CHCTeMe ,u;BYX JIOIIaCTeH
HMeeTCJI OIIaCHOCTb B03HHKHOBe-
HHH 6HeHHH, IIOCKOJIbKY npH Bpa-
Il{eHHH l{eHTp Macc JIOIIaCTeH MOJKeT He COBIIa,ll;aTb C OCbIO BpallIeHHJI H JIOIIa-
CTH MorYT IIporH6aTbCJI IIO,u; c06CTBeHHbIM BeCOM.
TIpHMeHeHHe IIpOTHBOBeCOB YCTpaHJIeT 3TO CMellIeHHe, o,u;HaKO, ,u;a)Ke 6y-
,lI;yqH ypaBHoBeIlleHHbIM, ,u;BYXJIOnaCTHoe BeTpOKOJIeCO BH6pHpyeT C y,u;BoeHHOH
qaCTOTOM BpaIl{eHHH, qTO IIPH HanOJKeHHH Ha KOJIe6aHHH OIIOpbI MOJKeT npHBec-
TH K pa3pyrueHHIO B3Y.
3TH He,u;OCTaTKH OTCYTCTBYIOT B TpeXJIOIIaCTHOM BeTpOKOJIeCe, KOTopoe
ypaBHoBeIIIHBaIOT IIYTeM 6aJIaHCHpOBKH, HaIIpHMep, npH nOMOUlH IIpOTHBOBe-
COB.
IIl11pHHa H TOnIl{HHa JIOnaCTeH IIpaKTHqeCKH He BJIHHIOT Ha BeJIH'-I11HY
MOIl{HOCTH, o,u;HaKO 60JIee TOHKHe JIOnaCT11 n03BOJIJlIOT ,u;OCTHqb 60JIee BbICOKHX
CKopocTeH BpaIl{eHHJI 6JIaro,u;apH YMeHbrueHHIo c06cTBeHHoH MaCCbI H TpeHHJI 0
1 1
B03)1;yX. 06bIqHO IIIHPHHY JIOIIaCTH (xop,u;y) BbI6HpaIOT H3 paCqeTa - - -
20 25
,u;HaMeTpa BeTPOTyp611HbI.
K03qJIjJHl{HeHTOM yxo,u;a.
v
0,4
06 II
O I
I $ IIIt+
II A
'I
IV
4
9 10
PHC. 1.6. BJIHHHHe THna BeTpoJ\BHraTe.rIH Ha
ero xapaKTepHcTHKH
!
I'
1.3. AnnpOKCHMal.(HH 3HepreTH'leCKHX xapaKTepHCTHK
BeT})oryp6HH
B pa60Tax [8, 115, 13]] (,u;JIH HaH60JIee pacIIpocTpaHeHHbIx THnOB 83Y)
IIonyqeHbI 0606llIeHHbIe KpHBbIe 3aBHcHMocTeH Cp = feZ) - MOllIHOCTHbIe xa-
paKTepHCTHKH B3Y, KOTopble IIpe,u;CTaBneHbI Ha pHC. 1.7.
c p
0.6
- 1
/2
,/ 3 /' /' ........... .......
/ .,; - '\. ........
5 /' / ./ "
// ../. / / /' 4
1/ '\. / /'
II 6 /' / /' Q. i.
II :./""--.. /" -::;...---
!// / ,\
V "
0.5
OA
0.3
0.2
0.1
o
o 0.5
U 2 3 4 5 6 Z
I>IIC. 1.7. 3aBHcHMoCTL K034J4JHl\HeHTa MOll\HOCTH Cp OT 6LICTpOXOJ\HOCTH Z:
I - u{)eaJIbllOR 3tjJfjJeKmU61l0Cmb myp6uIlbl npone.rIJlepllOZO muno; 2 - 6bICOKO-
C"KOpOCIHHOR {)6YXJlOnOCmHoR myp6uIlo (tllponeJlJlep)); 3 - mpeXJlOnOCmllblii
«lIptmeJ/Jlep)j; 4 - 6epmUKaJlbllo-OCe6oR myp6uIlo muno t<J!.0pbe»; 5 -MIIOZO-
Jlonocmlloii 6empollococ; 6 - pomop C0601l1lYCO
KaK IIOKa3an aHanH3 3THX KpHBbIX, Kaj[()J;a}l H3 HHX MOJKeT 6bITb xoporuo
flllllpOKCI1MHpOBaHa IIPH IIOMOllIH ,u;BYX IIapa60JI - KBa,u;paTHqHOH H Ky6Hqe-
CKOH, eCJIH H3BeCTHbI 3HaqeHHH 6bICTPOXO,ll;HOCTH )!;JIH MaKcHManbHoH MOIl{HO-
C 1"11 (Zmax) H OnTHMaJIbHOH (Zopt), a TaKJKe TOqKa MaKCHManbHoro K03IjJqJHl{HeH-
ra MOllIHOCTH B3Y C prnax (CM. pHC. 1.5). TIpaBaH BeTBb xapaKTepHCTHKH
Cp = Cp(Z) B IIpe,u;eJIax 6bICTPOXO,u;HOCTH Zopt ::; Z ::; Zrnax MOJKeT 6bITb aIIIIpoK-
CHMHpoBaHa KBa,ll;paTHqHOH IIapa60noH C BepruHHoH 8 TOqKe A (pHC. 1.8)
C - c Cprnax (Z Z ) 2
P - Prnax - 2 - opt .
(Zrnax - Zopt)
fleBaH BeTBb xapaKTepHCTUKH (npH Z ::; Zopt) MOJKeT 6bITb aIIIIpOKCHM11-
pOBaHa KY6HQeCKOH IIapa60JIOH
(1.17)
C p =cprnax ( ) 2 . [ -2' ( ) +3 ] .
Zopt Zopt
(1.18)
18
rnaBa 1. 061..4Me xapaKTepMCTMKM
BeTp03neKTpM"IeCKMX YCTaHoBoK
AnnpOKCMMaLlMJI 3HepreTM"IeCKMX xapaKTepMCTMK BeTpoTyp6MH
19
3aBHCHMOCTb C Pmax OT O"nepnq, annpoKcHMHpyeTCJI KBa,lI;paTHqHOH napa-
tUIJIOH
C Pmax = (-0,109' d nepnq, + 0,18514' d nepnq,+ 0,44283) . 0,825. (1.22)
K031jJljJHuHeHT MOMeHTa C m CBJl3aH C K031jJIjJHl{HeHTOM MOIl{HOCTH C p
cnn rllorueHHeM
CpmaxCp A
0,5 ------------
fleBaJI H npaBaJI BeTBH HMeIOT 06ruyIO ropH30HTaJIbHYIO KacaTenbHYIO B
TOqKe A C KOOp,ll;HHaTaMH Zoptp, CPmax' JJ:nJl BeTpoKonec C nOIIaCTJlMH, HMeIO-
IWIMH B CBOHX CeqeHHHX IIpoljJHnb T11IIa «3cIIepm), BenHqHHbI Zoptp, Zmax H
C Pmax , BXO)J;HIl{He B BbIpaJKeHHH (1.14) H (1.18), 3aBHCHT OT IIapaMeTpa O"nepnq, H
MOryr 6bITb paCCqHTaHbI aHaJIHTHqeCK11 [138]. TIapaMeTp O"nepnq, rrpe.u;CTaBJUIeT
C060H cYMMapHYIO OTHocHTenbHYIO xop)J;y IIpoljJ11neH Ha IIepHljJepHH H HrpaeT
cYIl{eCTBeHHYIO ponb IIPH IIocTpoeHHH xapaKTep11CTHK BeTpoKoneca. BbIpa:lKe-
HHe .u;nH O"nepHq, npoH:.Bo Horo CeqeHH}l nOIIaCTH qepe3 OTHOC TeJIbll IO Q3 .u;o-
JIHX pa,ll;Hyca) xop)J;y bR(r)H qHCnO nonaCTeH in HMeeT BH,u; u(r) = iJl .bR(r).
JJ:aJIee B paCqeTaX paCCMaTpHBaeTCJI IIapaMeTp a Ha KOHl{e nOIIaCTH, TO
eCTb Ha IIepHljJepHH BeTporyp6HHbI IIpOIIeJInepHOro THIIa:
. - 2.iJl .bneputjJ
uneputjJ =IJl .bRneputjJ - D (1.19)
TIapaMeTp O"nepnq, aHaJIOrnqeH K031jJIjJHl{HeHTY 3aIIOJIHeHHH ,lI;nJl opToro-
HaJIbHbIX BeTpoKonec, O,ll;HaKO .u;nH IIOCne,ll;HHX OH He 3aBHCHT OT CeqeHHH nOIIa-
CTH.
C = C p (1.23)
m Z
MOMeHT paBeH MOIl{HOCTH P, .u;eneHHoH Ha yrJIOBYIO CKOpOCTb Q:
M = P , (1.24)
Q
pv3 ;rD2
P=C PT ' 4 'f73J1 ''f7Mex [BT], (1.25)
I ilC lhl1 - KIIJJ: reHepaTopa; T]Mex - KTIJJ: TpaHcMHccHH; n - qaCTOTa BpallIeHHH
1l'IIl'paTOpa, 06/MHH.
3aB11CHMOCTb K03cpIjJHl{HeHTa C m OT 6bICTPOXO.u;HOCTH Z (pHc.l.9) TaKJKe
,lIllIpOKCI1MHpyeTcH .u;BYM}l 3aBHCHMOCT}lMH, KOTopbIe IIonyqaIOTCSI H3 (1.18) H
( I .23) COOTBeTCTBeHHO:
)I;JI}l IIpaBoH BeTBH
C = C Pmax _ C Pmax . (Z _ Zopt )2; (1.26)
m Z Z(Zmax _ Zopt )2 p
P
0,4
MOllIHOCTb B3Y
0,3
0,2
0,1
Z
o
5
Zopt
PHC. 1.8. BH.II 38BHCHMOCTH Cp(Z)
WIH JIeBOH BeTB11
Z
Z
.(3-2.-).
Zopt
p
(1.27)
C m =C pmax ' 2
Z opt p
C m
0,14
0,12
C Mmax
0,1
0,08
0,06
0.04
0,02
3aBHCHMOCTH Zopt (O"nepnq,) H Zmax( O"nepnq,) ,lI;OCTaTOqHO TOqHO aIIrrpOKCH-
MHPYIOTCJI rnnep60nHqeCKHMH COOTHOIlleHHHMH
30,78. u neputjJ + 18,58
Zoptp 1 1 (1.20)
2,74,u nepu tjJ +
188,93 . U neputjJ + 20,62
Zmax = (1.21)
28,22 . U neputjJ - 1
4
Zopt
Z
PHC. 1.9. B 38BHCHMOCTH Cm (Z)
18
rnaBa 1. 061..4Me xapaKTepMCTMKM
BeTp03neKTpM"IeCKMX YCTaHoBoK
AnnpOKCMMaLlMJI 3HepreTM"IeCKMX xapaKTepMCTMK BeTpoTyp6MH
19
3aBHCHMOCTb C Pmax OT O"nepnq, aIIIIpoKcHMHpyeTcJI KBa,lI;paTHqHOii napa-
IIIIJIO"
C Pmax = (-0,109' 0"2 nepnq, + 0,18514' dnepnq,+ 0,44283) . 0,825. (1.22)
K031jJljJHuHeHT MOMeHTa C m CB}l3aH C K031jJIjJHl{HeHTOM MOIl{HOCTH C p
1:110 rliorueHHeM
CpmaxCp A
0,5 ------------
fleBaJI H IIpaBaJI BeTBH HMeIOT 06ruyIO ropH30HTaJIbHYIO KaCaTeJIbHYIO B
TOqKe A C Koop.u;HHaTaMH Zoptp, CPmax' JJ:nJl BeTpoKonec C nOIIaCTJlMH, HMeIO-
IWIMH B CBOHX CeqeHHHX rrpoljJHnb T11IIa «3cIIepo», BenH'-lHHbI Zoptp, Zmax H
C Pmax , BXO)J;HIl{He B BbIpaJKeHHH (1.14) H (1.18), 3aBHCHT OT IIapaMeTpa O"nepnq, H
MOryr 6bITb paCC'lHTaHbI aHaJIHTH'-IeCKH [138]. TIapaMeTp O"nepnq, rrpe.u;CTaBJUIeT
C060H cYMMapHYIO OTHOCHTeJIbHYIO xop)J;y IIpoljJHneH Ha IIepHljJepHH H HrpaeT
cYIl{eCTBeHHYIO ponb IIPH IIocTpoeHHH XapaKTepHCTHK BeTpoKOJIeca. BbIpaJKe-
HHe .u;nH O"nepHq, IIpOH:.Bo Horo CeqeHH}l nOIIaCTH qepe3 OTHOC TeJIbll IO Q3 .u;o-
JIHX pa,ll;Hyca) xop)J;y bR(r) H qHCJIO nonaCTeH in HMeeT BH,u; CT(r) = iJl . bR(r).
JJ:aJIee B paCqeTaX paCCMaTpHBaeTCJI IIapaMeTp a Ha KOHl{e nOIIaCTH, TO
eCTb Ha IIepHljJepHH BeTporyp6HHbI IIpOIIennepHoro THIIa:
. - 2.iJl .bneputjJ
CTneputjJ =IJl .bRneputjJ - D (1.19)
IIapaMeTp O"nepnq, aHaJIOrHqeH K031jJIjJHl{HeHTY 3aIIOJIHeHHH ,lI;nJl opToro-
HaJIbHbIX BeTpoKOJIeC, O,ll;HaKO .u;nH IIOCJIe,ll;HHX OH He 3aBHCHT OT ceqeHIUI nOIIa-
CTH.
C = C p (1.23)
m Z
MOMeHT paBeH MOIl(HOCTH P, .u;eJIeHHOH Ha yrJIOBYIO CKOpOCTb Q:
M = P , (1.24)
Q
pv3 ;rD2
P=C p -'-TJ3J1 'TJMex [BT],
2 4
II\C lhl1 - KTIJJ: reHepaTopa; 'f\Mex - KIIJJ: TpaHcMHccHH; n - qaCTOTa BpallIeHHH
1l'IIl'pa ropa, 06/MHH.
3aB11CHMOCTb K03cpIjJHl{HeHTa C m OT 6bICTPOXO.u;HOCTH Z (pHc.l.9) TaKJKe
IIl1lpOKcHMHpyeTcH .u;BYMJI 3aBHCHMOCT}lMH, KOTopbIe IIonyqaIOTCJI H3 (1.18) H
( I .23) COOTBeTCTBeHHO:
)I;JI}l npaBoH BeTBH
C pmax C pmax (Z Z ) 2.
C =-- . - opt ,
m Z Z(Zmax- Z opt p )2 p
0,4
MOIl(HOCTb B3Y
0,3
0,2
0,1
Z
o
6
7
5
Zopt
Zmax
PHC. 1.8. BHJI 3aBHCHMOCTH Cp(Z)
.u;JI}l JIeBOH BeTBll
(1.25)
(1.26)
Z
Z
.(3-2.-).
Zopt
p
(1.27)
C m =C pmax ' 2
Z opt p
C m
0,14
0,12
CMmax
0,1
0,08
0,06
0.04
0,02
3aBHCHMOCTH Zopt (O"nepncj» H Zmax( O"nepnq,) ,lI;OCTaTOqHO TOqHO aIIIIpOKCH-
MHPYIOTCJI rnnep60nHqeCKHMH COOTHOIlleHHHMH
30,78. CT neputjJ + 18,58
Zoptp (1.20)
12,74. CT neputjJ + 1
188,93 . CT neputjJ + 20,62
Zmax = (1.21)
28,22. CT neputjJ -1
4
Zopt
Z
PHC. 1.9. BHJI 3aBHCHMOCTH Cm (Z)
f
20
rnaBa 1. 061..4Me xapaKTepMCTMKM
BeTp03neKTpM"IeCKMX YCTaHoBoK
AnnpOKCMMaLlMfI 3HepreTM"IeCKMX xapaKTepMCTMK BeTpoTyp6MH
21
BeJIHqHHa Z, COOTBeTCTByroIl{aH 3HaqeHHIO K031jJIjJHl{HeHTY Cm, HaXO,ll;liT-
CH IIO (1.27) H3 COOTHOIlleHHH
dC m = C pmax . [ 3- J =0
dZ Z2 opt Zopt
p p
BbI6HpaH B KaqeCTBe He3aBHCHMbIX nepeMeHHbIx 3a.u;aBaeMoe qHCJIO JIO-
lIaCTeH in H IIOJIyqeHHbIH B pe3ynbTaTe paCqeTa IIapaMeTp O'nep....p (1.19) KaK KO-
"1)(IHfL\HeHT 3aIIOJIHeHHH Ha IIep11ljJepHH JIOIIaCTH, MOJKHO nOCTpOHTb ceMeHCTBO
"apaKTepHCTHK BeTpOKOJIeca.
(1.28)
Ta6nHl{a 1.3
IIII
3
Zopt M =4ZoPt p'
C yqeTOM (1.29) BeJIHqHHa MaKCliMYMa K031jJ )Hl{HeHTa MOMeHTa
9 C pmax
C mmax =Cm(ZOptM)=-'-'
8 Zopt p
HOMep OIITHMaJIbHOe 0' riepHI!> ZOP! C Pmax Zmax
l<p11BOH 'IHCJIO
JIOIIaCTeH in
J 8 1,15 3,25 0,512 7,51
2 6 0,61 4,30 0,515 8,30
3 4 0,25 6,20 0,498 10,50
4 3 0,17 7,10 0,476 13,80
5 3 0,13 8,05 0,465 16,25
6 2 0,08 10,50 0,450 18,25
Ii paBHa
(1.29)
(1.30)
KpHBaH H)l;eaJIbHOH 31jJljJeKTHBHOCTH BeTporyp6HHbI npOIIeJInepHoro THna
(pHc.l.7, KpHBaH 1) MOJKeT 6bITb aIIIIpOKCHMHpOBaHa ypaBHeHHeM
y = a (b - e- CX ) (1.31)
IIPH IIOCTOJlHHbIX K031jJIjJHl{HeHTaX a = 0,5617; b = 1,0266; C = 1,4277.
PaCqeTHbIe IIapaMeTpbI Zoptp, C pmax H Zmax ,lI;n}l KpHBbIX 2, 3, 4, 5 H 6,
IIpe.u;CTaBJIeHHbIX Ha pHC. 1.7, CBe,ll;eHbI B Ta6n. 1.2.
Ha p11c. 1.10 IIOKa3aHbI nHIllb Te KpHBbIe, KOTopbIe COOTBeTcTBYIOT OIITH-
M.IJIh!iOMY qHCJIY JIOIIaTOK in H3 Bcex 3a,ll;aHHbIX .u;nH Kaj[()J;oro BapbHpyeMoro
'1IICJIa (Zoptp)np, a B Ta6JI. 1.3, cOOTBeTCTBYIOIl{eH pHC. 1. 1 0, IIpHBe,ll;eHbI OCHOB-
IIIoIC paCqeTHbIe IIapaMeTpbI MOIl(HOCTHbIX xapaKTepHCTHK IIPH OllTHMaJIbHbIX
'IIICJlax JIOnaCTeH in H OIIpe.u;eJIeHHbIX 3HaqeHH}lX O'nep....p (IIPOIjJHJIb THIIa «3c-
IIC(10», 15% TOJIllIHHbI).
Ta6JIHL\a 1.2
HOMep KPHBOH Zon! C Pmax Zmax
2 5,50 0,472 9,10
3 4,55 0,461 6,77
4 5,09 0,372 6,32
5 0,77 0,294 1,73
6 0,73 0,133 1,59
COOTHOIlleHHH (1.13) - (1.30) H .u;aHHbIe Ta6n.1.2 CJIYJKaT OCHOBOH ,lI;JIH
BbI60pa OCHOBHbIX pa3MepOB H IIapaMeTpOB BeTporyp6HH (.u;HaMeTp, qaCTOTa
BpaIl{eHHH Ii .u;p.) pa3JIHqHOrO THIIa.
JJ:JIH 0606Il{eHHJI 3HeprernqeCKHX XapaKTepHCTHK BeTpoKonec IIpoIIen-
nepHoro T11na IIO aJIrOpHTMY H IIporpaMMe paCqeTa [125], [144] rrpOBe.u;eH'lHC-
neHHbIH 3KCIIepHMeHT IIPH BapHal{HH BenHqHHbI IIpe.u;BapHTenbHO 3a,l1;aBaeMOro
K031jJIjJHl{HeHTa 6bICTpOXO.u;HOCTH B TOqKe MaKCHMaJIbHOH MOllIHOCTU (Zoptp)np H
pH.u;e 3HaqeHHH 'lHCJIa nOIIaCTeH in ,lI;nJl Ka)l(.u;oro (Zoptp)np.
TIonyqeHHbIe B pe3YJIbTaTe paCqeTa BapHaHTbI reOMeTpHH nOIIacreH,
BKJIIOqaIOIl{eH yrnbI YCTaHOBKH CeqeHHH, OTHOCHTeJIbHbIe XOp,ll;bI Ce'IeHHH H
.u;pyrHe, IIpe.u;OIIpe,ll;eJIHIOT 3HepreTHqeCKHe XapaKTepHCTHKH BeTpOKoneca.
("
p
0,6
0,5
0.4
0,3
0,2
0,1
0,0
o
6
7
8 \I 10 11 12 13 14 Z
3 4
5
z
rUC. 1.10. MOl.QHocTHLIe xapaKTepucTuKU raMMLI BeTpOKOJIeC, cnpoeKTupo-
BaHHLIX Ha pa3JIU'IHLIe 'IUCJIa (Zoptp)np' npu uaiineHHLIx 'IUCJIaX O'nepncp U
OnTUMIIJILUOM 'IUCJIe JIOnaTOK in: 1- G'neput/J = 1,15, ill = 8; 2 - G'neput/J = 0,61,
ill = 6; 3 - G'neput/J = 0,25, ill = 4; 4 - G'neput/J = 0,17, ill = 3; 5 - G'neput/J = 0,13,
ill = 3; 6 - G'neput/J = 0,8, ill = 2
II
TMn!>1 B3Y M MX KnaCcM4JMKaLlMJI
22
rnaBa 1. 06 Me xapaKTepMcTMKM
BeTp03neKTpM"IeCKMX YCTaHoBoK
23
TIpH pa60Te KOJIeCa B TaKHX YCJIOBHHX B03HHKaIOT l{HKJIHqeCKHe HarpY3-
KH, IIoBblrueHHbIH nryM H IjJJIYKTyal{HH BbIXOL\HbIX IIapaMeTpoB BeTpoycTaHoB-
KH. HaIIpaBJIeHHe BeTpa MOJKeT H3MemlTbCH ,u;OBOJIbHO 6bICTpO H BeTpoKOJIeCO
,lI;OJIJKHO qeTKO OTCneJKHBaTb 3TH 113MeHeHHH, IIOBOpaqHBaHCb Ha Kpbme 3a CqeT
OHH,u;p03bI HJIH cepBo,u;BHraTenH.
B TaKHX B3Y 06bIqHO HCIIOJIb3YIOTCH
,lI;BYX-, TpeXJIOIIaCTHbIe BeTpOKOJIeca, IIPH
>TOM IIOCJIe,u;HHe OTJIHqaIOTCH OqeHb TIJIaB-
IIhlM XO,u;OM. 3JIeKTpOreHepaTOp H pe,u;YK-
rop, coe,u;HHHIOIWIH ero C BeTpOKOJIeCOM, D
paCIIOJIOJKeHbI 06bIqHO HaBepxy OIIOpHOH
fiamHH B IIOBOpOTHOH rOJIOBKe. C TOqKH
IpCHHJl 3KCTInyaTal{HH y,u;06Hee pa3MeIl{aTb
II" BH113Y, HO B03HHKaIOIl{11e TIPH 3TOM
CJIOJKHOCTH C nepe,u;aqeH KpynIIl{erO MO-
MCHTa CHHJKaIOT npeHMYIl{eCTBa TaKoro
p:I'IMeIIleHHH.
rOpH30HTallbHO-OCeBaH BeTp03Hepre-
11f'leCKaH YCTaHOBKa Ha pHC. 1.11 co,u;epJKHT
I pcxnoIIacTHYIO rOJIOBKY BeTpo,u;BHraTenH 1,
I paIlCM11CC11IO- MynbTHIIJIHKaTOp 2, BHH,u;pO-
IY 3, Ball OT60pa MOIl{HOCTH 5 H 3JIeKTpOre-
IIcpaTop 6. rOH,u;OJIa YCTaHOBJIeHa Ha ljJep-
MCIIiIOH cBapHoH BbIruKe 4.
10JIOBKa BeTpo,u;BHraTeml HMeeT YCT-
poikrBa PyqHOrO YIIpaBJIeHHH H
anl'OMaTHqeCKOH cTa611nH3aWIH CKOpOCTH
npall CHmI BeTpOKOJIeCa B cJIYqae H3MeHe-
IIml CKOpOCTH BeTpa v. JJ:nH opHeHTal{HH
IIC I po,u;BHraTeJIH IIO HanpaBJIeH11IO BeTpa B
1,1/l,IICH raCTH rOH,u;onbI YCTaHOBJIeHa BHH,u;-
po 1:1 3, npHBo,u;HllIa}l B ,lI;BHJKeHHe MexaHH3M
lIollopoTa rOH,u;OJIbI npH H3MeHeHHH Ha-
IIpallJleHHH BeTpa. K BbIXO,u;HOMY BallY
I paIlCM11CC11H pe)J;yI<TOpa IIpHcoe,u;HHeH Bep-
I I IIGI.1IhHbIH BaJI oT60pa MOIl{HOCTH 5 C 3JIeK-
I porcnepaTopoM 6.
BeTpOKOJIeCO B3Y C BepTHKaJIbHOH OCbIO BpallIeHHH BCJIe,u;CTBHe cBoeH
I COMCTpHH np11 JII060M HanpaBJIeHHH BeTpa HaXO,ll;11TC}l B npOH3BOJIbHOM IIOJIO-
,I,CIIUH, KpoMe Toro, TaKaH cxeMa II03BOJI}leT 3a Cqcr TOJIbKO y,u;JIHHeHH}l Balla
ynaliOOlITb pe,ll;yr<TOp C reHepaTopaMH B OCHOBaHHH 6aruHH (CM. pHC. 1.12). K
1I:IIIGlmee pacnpocTpaHeHHbIM T11IIaM BepT11KaJIbHO-OCeBbIx YCTaHoBoK OTHO-
<l>ynKl{HH Zopt( U nepnej», C Pmax (u nepnej» H ZmaxC U nepnej», IIpe,u;cTaBneHHbIe
Ha pHC. 1.10, MOryr 6bITb aIIIIpoKcHMHpoBaHbI ypaBHeHHHMH:
(al . U neputjJ + bd
Zapt = t J '
cl . U neputjJ + 1
r,u;e al = 30,78; b i = 18,58; CI = 12,74;
(1.32)
(a2 'uneputjJ +b 2 )
Zmax = t J '
c2 . uneputjJ + 1
r,ll;e a2 = -188,93; b 2 = -20,62; CI = -28,22;
(1.33)
2
C pmax = a3 . U neputjJ + b 3 u neputjJ + C 3 , (1.34)
r,ll;e a3 =-0,0961; b3 = 0,1636; C3 = 0,451.
B orry6JIHKOBaHHbIx HCTOqHHKaX K031jJIjJHl{HeHT CPmax HMeeT, KaK IIpaBH-
JIO, HeCKOJIbKO MeHbIllee 3HaqeHHe, qeM ,lI;aeT COOTHOIlleHHe (1.34). KOppeKTH-
PYIOIl{HH K031jJIjJHl{HeHT KKOP = 0,825 II03BOnJleT ,u;OCTHqb npaKTHqeCKH IIonHoro
COBIIa,lI;eHHH pe3YJIbTaToB:
C pmax =KKap(a3 ' U2 neputjJ +b 3 u nepu tjJ +C 3 ).
(1.35)
1.4. TuuLI B3Y U ux KJIaCcucjJHI\:an;UH
COBpeMeHHaH BeTp03HepreTHKa 6a3HpyeTcJI B OCHOBHOM Ha IIpHMeHeHHH
BeTpo,u;BHraTeneH (BJJ:) ,u;BYX OCHOBHbIX BH,u;OB - rOpH30HTanbHO-OCeBbIe npo-
neJIJIepHbIe BJJ: C ropH30HTaJIbHOH OCbIO BpaIl{eHHH (PHC. 1.11) H BepT11KanbHO-
oceBbIe BJJ: (HJIH opToroHaJIbHbIe) C BepTHKaJIbHOH OCbIO BpallIeHH}l (PHC. 1.12).
POTOpbI IIOCJIe,ll;HHX BbIIIOJIHHIOTC}l B BH,u;e BepTHKaJIbHO paCIIOJIOJKeHHbIX JIOIIa-
cTeH HJIH B CIIel{HaJIbHOM HCIIOJIHeHHH - pOTOpbI «JJ:apbe».
B rOpH30HTaJIbHO-OCeBbIx BJJ: BeTpoBoe Koneco HMeeT KpbIJIOBH,lI;nyIO
1jJ0PMY H BpaIl{aeTC}l B BepTHKaJIbHOH IInOCKOCTH, IIepIIeH,u;HKynHpHoH HaIIpaB-
JIeHHIO BeTpa, a OCb BeTpoKOJIeCa napaJIneJIbHa IIOTOKY. OCHOBHOH BparuarollieH
CHJIOH y Konec 3Toro THIIa }lBJIHeTCJI IIOlI'beMHaH CHJIa JIOIIacTeH.
OTHOCHTeJIbHO BeTpa BeTpoKOJIeCO B pa60qeM IIOnOJKeHHH MOJKeT pacIIo-
JIaraTbC}l IIepe,u; OIIOpHOH BbIlliKOH HnH 3a HeH. TIpH IIepe,u;HeM paCIIOnOJKeHHH
BeTpoKoneco ,lI;OnJKHO HMeTb a3pO,ll;HHaMH'-IecKHH cTa6HnH3aTop HJIH KaKoe-
JIH60 ,lI;pyroe YCTpOHCTBO, y,u;epJKHBaIOIl{ee ero B pa60qeM IIOnOJKeHHH. TIpH
3a,l1;HeM paCIIOJIOJKeHHH BbIlliKa qaCTHqHO 3aTeHHeT BeTpOKOJIeCO H ryp6ynH3H-
pyeT Ha6eraIOIWIH Ha Hero IIOTOK.
ill
1
4
PUC. 1.11. KOHCTPYKTuBHaH
cxeMa B3Y C ropU30HTaJILHOii
OCLIO BpameHU" Tuna «ITpo-
nCJIJIcp»: 1 - pa6o'lUR JlOnaCmb;
2 - mpaHc.JltUCCUR (MYJlbmUWlU-
Kamop); 3 - 6ullop03a; 4 - 6bllU-
Ka; 5 - 6UJl om6opa MOU(Hocmu;
6 - 'JJleKmpOZeHepamop
ClITC}l pOTOp «Aapbe». B HeM
BpaIIlaIOIl{HH MOMeHT C03.u;aeTCH
IIo.u;'beMHOH C11nOH, B03HHKaIO-
Il{eH Ha .u;BYX HllH Tpex. TOHKHX
H30rHYTbIX HecyruHX nOBepXHO-
CT}lX, HMeIOIIl11X a3po.u;HHaMH Ie-
CKHH npoljJHJIb. TIo.u;'beMHaJI CHlla
MaKCHMaJIbHa B TOT MOMeHT, KO-
r.u;a JIOIIaCTb C 60nbruoH CKOpO-
CTbIO IIepeceKaeT Ha6eraIOIIl11H
B03,l1;yruHbIH IIOTOK. POTOp «Aa-
pbe» pacKpyqHBaTbC}l caMOCTO}l-
TeJIbHO, KaK npaBIlJIO, He MOJKeT,
II03TOMY .u;nH ero 3anYCKa 06bI I-
HO HCnOJIb3yeTC}l reHepaTOp, pa-
6OTaIOIIlHH B peJKHMe ,lI;BHraTeJI}l,
HllH CTaTOp, HOC}lIIlHH Ha3BaHl1e
pOTopa CaBoHHyca. 3TO Koneco
TaKJKe BpaIl{aeTC}l CHJIOH CO-
IIpOTHBJIeHHH. Ero JIOnaCTH BbI-
IIonHeHbI 113 TOHKHX H30rHYTbIX
JIHCTOB npHMoyrOJIbHOH 1jJ0pMbI,
OTJIHqaIOTCH IIpOCTOTOH H .u;ellie-
BH3HOH. BpaIl{aIOIIllIH MOMeHT
C03,l1;aeTCH 6JIaro.u;ap}l pa3JIHqHO-
MY COIIpOTHBJIeHIlIO, OKa3bIBae-
MOMY B03)J;ylliHOMY IIOTOKY BO-
rHYTOH H BbIrHYTOH nOIIaCTJlMH pOTopa. If3-3a 60nbllioro reOMeTpHqeCKOrO 3a-
IIOJIHeHHH 3TO BeTpOKOJIeCO 06JIa,lI;aeT 60JIbIIIHM KPYTJlIIl11M MOMeHTOM H HC-
IIOJIb3yeTcH ,lI;JIH nepeKaqKH BO.u;bI.
24
II
2h
H
II
I
III
III
PUC. 1.12 KOHCTPYKTuBHaH CXCMa B3Y C
BCpTUKaJIl,HOii OCLIO BpamCHUH Tuna <<,II,a-
PLC»: 1 - cmapmep (pomop CaBOIlUyca); 2 -
Bail; 3 - 'JileKmpOZeHepamop; 4 - mopM01Hoe
ycmpoucmBo; 5 - pa6o'lUR ilOnaCml>; 6 - pac-
mR:JICKU; 7 - pUMa; 8 - Ilpe06pa30Bameill> lIa-
npR:JICeHUR; 9 - aKK)'MYilRmop
rnaBa 1. 06 Me xapaKTepMcTMKM
BeTp03neKTpM'IeCKMX YCTaHoBoK
Pa3HOBMAHOCTM 3neKTpM'IeCKMX reHepaTopoB AJ1J1 B3Y
25
TIo po.u;y TOKa OH11 pa3,l1;eJI}lIOTC}l Ha MaIIIHHbI IIepeMeHHoro H IIOCTO}lHHO-
1'0 TOKa. MarulIHbl IIepeMeHHoro TOKa .u;enHTC}l Ha CHHXpoHHble Ii aCHHXpoHHbIe
(HecHHxpoHHbIe), a TaKJKe Ha KOJIJIeKTOpHbIe MalliHHbI IIepeMeHHoro TOKa.
B C11HXPOHHbIX MaIIIHHax yrnOBaJI CKOpOCTb BpaIl(eHHH pOTopa Op H yr-
nOBaH CKOpOCTb BpallIeHHH MarHHTHoro IIOn}l CTaTopa 01 paBHbI Me)K,lI;Y C060H.
qacToTa reHepHpyeMbIx B CTaTope 3AC H TOKOB OIIpe.u;enHeTC}l CKOPOCTbIO
BPalUeHH}l pOTopa n H qHCJIOM IIap IIOJIIOCOB p ero 06MOTKH B036Yj[()J;eHHH:
I= pn ,
60
(1.36)
B aCHHxpoHHbIX MalliHHax yrJIOBbIe CKOpOCTH Op H 0 1 He paBHbI Mej[()J;y
C060H, IIPH 3TOM B reHepaTOpHoM peJKHMe pa60TbI Op> 0 1.
qacTOTa reHepHpyeMbIx 3JJ:C H TOKa B Ar Hero CKOnbJKeHHe paBHbI:
pnp
11 =6O(I-s);
o -0 1
s= P
Op
(1.37)
(1.38)
KOJIneKTOpHble Malli11HbI OTnHqaIOTCJI OT CHHXPOHHbIX H aC11HXpOHHbIX
TeM, qTO 11MeIOT MeXaHHqeCKHH IIpe06pa30BaTenb qaCTOTbI H 'IHCna ljJa3 - KOJI-
.1ICKTOp, KOTOpbIH coe.u;HHeH C 06MOTKOH CTaTopa HJIH pOTopa.
MaruHHbI IIOCTO}lHHOrO TOKa TaKJKe HMeIOT Ha pOTope KonneKTOp, BbI-
lIonHHIOIl(HH IjJYHKIJ;HIO MeXaHHqeCKoro BbIIIpHMHTeJIH B reHepaTopax H Mexa-
IIl1lIeCKOrO IiHBepTopa B .u;BHraTeJIHX.
EcnH B 3JIeKTpHqeCKOH MaIIIHHe BpaliiaeTCH TOJIbKO O)I;HH 3JIeMeHT - po-
mp, TO OHa Ha3bIBaeTC}l o.u;HOMepHOH.
3neKTpOMarH11THbIH MOMeHT B MaruHHe, C03.u;aBaeMbIH B pe3YJIbTaTe
InaHMo.u;eHCTBH}l MarHHTHbIX IIOJIeH 11 TOKOB B 06MOTKax, B paBHOH CTeIIeH11
JlCHcTByeT Ha CTaTOp H pOTOp. B03MOJKHbI II03TOMY HCIIOnHeHH}l, Kor.u;a Bpa-
lLJ,aIOTC}l B IIpOTHBOnOJIOJKHbIe CTOpOHbI H CTaTOp, H pOTOp. B 3TOM CJIyqae
)JleKTp11qeCKaH MaIIIHHa HBJI}leTC}l ,u;BYXMepHOH (ee Ha3bIBaIOT eIl(e 6HpOTanlB-
lIoil).
POTOp 3JIeKTp11qeCKOH MaIIIHHbI IIepeMeHHoro TOKa MOJKeT He HMeTb 06-
MOTOK B036YJK.u;eHHH. B TaKlIX MaIIIHHaX MarHHTHoe IIone B036YJK,lI;eHHH C03.u;a-
C rC}l IIOCTOHHHbIMH MarHHTaMH H OHH Ha3bIBaIOTC}l reHepaTOpaMM C IIOCTOHH-
II I., Mil MarHHTaMH.
5IBHO BbIpaJKeHHbIe KOHCTpYKUHM IIOJIIOCOB Ha CTaTope H pOTope npH-
IlaJl.1leJKaT HH.u;YKTOPHbIM HJIH IIapaMeTpHqeCKHM MaIIIHHaM, B KOTOpbIX IIpe06-
pa IOBaH11e 3HepmH OCYllIeCTBnHeTC}l 3a CqeT IIepHO)I;HqeCKOrO H3MeHeHHH Mar-
1111 moro COIIpOTHBneHHH B03.u;YlliHoro 3a30pa. KOHCTpYKTHBHbIe HCIIOJIHeHHH
1.5. Pa3HOBlf,lJ,HOCTH 3J1eKTpHQeCKHX reHepaTopOB JJ:J1H B3Y
Ih Bcex B03MOJKHbIX KJIaCCOB 3neKTpOMeXaHHqeCKHX IIpe06pa30BaTeJIeH
3HeprHH IIpaKTHqeCKOe npHMeHeHHe Haxo.u;HT TonbKO HH,lI;YKTHBHbIe IIpe06pa-
30BarenH, B KOTOpbIX IIpe06pa30BaHHe 3HepmH npOHcxo.u;HT 3a CqeT H3MeHeHHH
HH,u;YKTHBHOCTH (IIOToKOCneIIJIeHHH) 06MOTOK, paCIIOnOJKeHHbIX Ha .u;BYX oc-
HOBHbIX qac!Jlx - CTaTope H pOTope. IIpH 3TOM npeHMYIl(eCTBeHHO UHJIHH.u;PH-
qeCKHH BpaIl{aIOIl{HHC}l pOTOp paCIIOnaraeTCH BHYTPH CTaTopa, TaKJKe HMeIOIl(e-
1'0 1jJ0PMY IIonoro UHllHH.u;pa. B OT.u;eJIbHbIX yCTaHoBKax pOTOp, HMeIOllIlIH 1jJ0p-
MY KOJIbua, paCIIOJIaraIOT CHapYJKH CTaTopa, H TaKlIe MaruHHbI Ha3bIBaIOT Ma-
IIIHHaMH C BHeIIIHHM pOTOpOM.
I ' I
II
I
26
rnaBa 1. 06 Me xapaKTepMCTMKM
BeTp03neKTpM'IeCKMX YCTaHoBoK
CornaCOBaHMe xapaKTepMCTMK BeTpO,tlBMraTenJi M reHepaTopa B3Y
27
HH,u;YKTOPHbIX MaruHH BeCbMa pa3Ho06pa3HbI. OHH MorYT HMeTb ,u;Ba CTaTopa C
pa3MeIl{eHHOH MeJK,u;y HHMH 06MOTKOH B036Yj[()J;eHHH H ,u;Ba pOTopa, HJI11 O,u;HH
cTaTop H pOTOp C 5IBHO BbIpaJKeHHbIMH, TaK Ha3bIBaeMbIMH Korre06pa3HbIMH
IIOnIOCaM11, IIPH 3TOM 06MOTKa B036Yj[()J;eHHH paCIIOJIaraeTC5I HJIH Ha ,pOTope,
HJIH B TopueBbIX qaCTHX CTaTopa.
EOJIblliHHCTBO Ha3BaHHbIX THIIOB 3JIeKTpHqeCKHX MalliHH - CHHXpOHHble,
aCHHxpOHHbIe, C IIOCTOHHHbIMH MamHTaMH, HH,u;YKTopHbIe - Haxo,u;HT lliHpOKoe
IIpHMeHeHHe B KaqeCTBe reHepaTopOB B BeTpoYCTaHOBKax.
XOPOlliYIO IIepCIIeKTHBY HMeIOT TaKJKe H reHepaTopbI TopUOBoro HCIIOJI-
HeHHH, B KOTOpbIX CTaTOp H pOTOp BbIIIOJIHHIOTCJI B 1jJ0pMe ,u;HCKOB H B KOTOpbIX
IIpe06pa30BaHHe 3HeprHH OCYllIeCTBnHeTC5I B B03)J;ylliHOM IIpOMeJKYTKe Mej[()J;Y
3THMH ,lI;HCKaMH.
I,
(1.39)
raeTC5I HMeHHO lIpH ,u;aHHbIx 060pOTax BeTpoKoneca. 3TO B03MOJKHO, eCJIH ne-
pe,u;aTO'lHOe OTHOIlleHHe i MynbTHnnHKaTopa 06eCIIeqHBaeT TaKoe '!HCJIO 060-
rOTOB reHepaTopa, npH KOTOpOM KpHBaH ero MOIl{HOCTHOH xapaKTepHCTHKH
IIpOXO,ll;HT qepe3 BepIIIHHbI KpHBbIX MOllIHOCTH BeTpo,u;BHraTeJIH (KpHBaJI A Ha
pHC. 1.13). TIpH 3aBbIIlleHHOM 3HaqeHHH i xapaKTepHcTHKa MalliHHbI 6y,lI;eT
HMeTb BH,u; KpHBOH E (CM. pHC. 1.13) H pa60Ta B3Y 6y,u;eT HeYCTOH'!HBOH. TIpH
MaJIOM i XapaKTepHCTHKa IIpH06peTaeT BH,u; KpHBOH C (CM. pHC. 1.13) H BeTpO-
J lIHraTeJIb pa60TaeT C He,u;orpY3KOH, T.e. C MeHbIIIHM 3HaqeHHeM Cpo
TIOJIe3Ha51 MOIl{HOCTb, OT,lI;aBaeMaJI reHepaTopOM IIoTpe6HTeJIIO, MeHbIlle
MCXaHHqeCKOii MOIl{HOCTH Ha BaJIY BeTpo,u;BHraTeJIH Ha BeJIHqHHY IIOTepb B Me-
Xalll1'-IeCKOH IIepe,u;aqe H B reHepaTope, qTO YQHTbIBaeTC5I COOTBeTCTBYIOllIHMH
IHn(pqmUHeHTaMH IIOJIe3HOrO ,lI;eHCTBHH.
KpHBbIe pHC. 1.13 H,u;eaJIH3HpOBaHbI 11, KOHeqHO, He OTpaJKalOT peaJIbHOrO
IIIIIIC,nCHH!I B3Y, pa6OTalOll\eH npH HeIIOCTOHHCTBe CKOpOCTH BeTpa, HMeIOllIe-
III C rnXaCTl1'lCCKHH (CJIY'IaHllhIH) xapaKTep H3MeHeHH5I, IIpHqeM H3MeHeHHH
lIC'rplllllll'O pC)I<IIMa IIPOHCXO.L\51T C IICrHO,ll;OM, COCTaBJIHlOll\HM O,u;HY HJIH He-
CI(OJII.I(I) CCKYII)I. 110 raKOMY )I{C 3aKOIlY 113MCIIJIIOTC5I MOIl{HOCTH BeTpOKOJIeCa H
I CIlCr,' IOP!L I I IIJIOOIII.IC II\1HIICJ\CIlHhIM Bblllle xapaKTepHCTHKH Pa3JIHqHbIX TH-
11('11 IICTpll)UmmTC.1ICH H pa3JIH IHbIX THIIOB reHepaTopOB 6Y,lI;YT paCCMOTpeHbI B
JIPYI'HX manax.
YpaBHeHHe MeXamrqeCKOrO paBHOBeCHH B3Y MOJKeT 6bITb 3aIIHcaHO B
1.6. COrJ13COB3HHe xapalnepHCTHK BeTpO,lJ,BHraTeJ1H
H reHep3Topa B3Y
MOIl{HOCTb Ha BaJIY BeTpOKOJIeCa onpe,u;eJI5IeTCH 1jJ0pMynoH
'! pv 3 S6K C P
2 75 [JI.c.].
HaIIOMHHM COOTHOIlleHHe: 1 KBT =102KrM/c =1,36 JI.C.
3neKTpOMarHHTHaH MOlliHOCTb reHepaTopa, CO'IJIeHeHHOro C BeTpOKOJIe-
COM, OIIpe,u;eJIHeTCH npeJK,u;e Bcero MOIl{HOCTbIO, no,u;Bo,u;HMOH K HeMY C BaJIa, H
KOppeKTHpyeTc5I CHCTeMOH YIIpaBJIeHHH.
IIpH IIpOeKTHpOBaHHH B3Y BO BpeMH npOBe,u;eHHH IIpaKTHqeCKHX pacqe-
TOB He06xo,u;HMO COrJIaCOBaTb pa60'!He XapaI<TepHCTHKH BeTpOKOJIeca H IIO,u;-
KJIIOqaeMOrO K HeMY reHepaTopa (HJIH ,u;pyroro MexaHH3Ma). 3TH xapaKTCp11-
CTHKH ,u;OJIJKHbI oTpaJKaTb H3MeHeHHe MOIl{HOCTH, pa3BHBaeMOH BeTpOKOJIeCOM 11
p,JI.c. IIpe06pa3yeMoH reHepaTopOM, B
3aBHCHMOCTH OT qHCJIa 060pOTOB.
TaKHe XapaKTepHCTHKH B 06Il{eM
BH,u;e IIOKa3aHbI Ha pHC. 1.13.
MaKCHMaJIbHaH MOIl{HOCTb
BeTpOKOJIeCa npH HeH3MeHHOH
CKOpOCTH BeTpa ,u;OCTHraeTCJI IIPH
onpe,u;eJIeHHOM qHCJIe 060pOTOB.
3Ta MOIl{HOCTb 6y,u;eT IIOJIHOCTbIO
06/MHH BOCIIp11HHTa pa60qeH MaruHHoH
(reHepaTopOM), eCJIH, BO-IIepBbIX,
ee HarpY3Ka COOTBeTCTByeT 3TOH
MOIl{HOCTH, a BO-BTOpbIX - ,u;OCTH-
P
6K
III
o
PUC. 1.13. XapaKJ'epucTuKU MOI.QHOCTU BeT-
pO):\BuraTe.TIH U reHepaTopa B3Y
III
IIIIJIC
MBK- Mo- M3M z :I MiJ = 0,
(1.40)
I )IC M BK - BpallIaIOllIHH MOMeHT BeTpoKoneca; Mo - MOMeHT, 06YCJIOBJIeHHbIH
IpCIII-IeM MeXaHHqeCKHX 3JIeMeHTOB B3Y; M3M z - :meKTpOMarHHTHbIH (TOp-
MO \IIOH) MOMeHT reHepaTopa; MiJ - ,u;HHaMHqeCKHH MOMeHT,
M =J dO,
,l( dt '
(1.41 )
mC J - MOMeHT HHepUHH BpaIl{aIOllIHXCH Macc.
3HaKH +1- ,u;HHaMHqeCKOrO MOMeHTa IIo,u;qepKHBalOT ero cTa6HJIH3HPYIO-
IIlce ,u;eHCTBHe Ha IIOBe,u;eHHe CHCTeMbI: IIPH TeH,u;eHUHH K CHHJKeHHIO HJIH K IIO-
11I.IlIIeHHIO 060pOTOB BeTpOKOJIeca MOMeHT M):\ HaIIpaBJIeH BCTpeqHO K 3THM
IIIMeHeHHHM. B PMe cnyqaeB B3Y Ha 6bICTpOXO,ll;HOH qaCTH MOfYT YCTaHaBJIH-
lIaTbC5I TaK Ha3bIBaeMbIe HHepUHoHHbIe aKKYMYJIHTOpbI, IIpe,ll;CTaBJIHIOllIHe co-
tlU" CTaJIbHbIe ,u;HCKH 60JIblliOrO ,lI;HaMeTpa, KOTopbIe IIorJIOIl{alOT H36bITO'lHYIO
lIIepmIO Ha BeTpOKOJIeCe IIPH IIOBbIIlleHHH CKOpOCTH BeTpa H OTllaIOT ee reHe-
paTopy IIPH CHHJKeHHH CKOpOCTH BeTpa.
r
28
rnaBa 1. 06 Me xapaKTepMCTMKM
BeTp03neKTpM"IeCKMX YCTaHoBoK
TMnOBble cxeMbl reHepMpOBaHMJI 311eKTpM"IeCKOM
3HeprMM BeTpoycTaHoBKaMM
29
BeTep
-
-
-
BbIXOD.
nOCToHHHOro
TaKa
CeTb
B COBpeMeHHbIX 83Y IIpe06pa30BaHHe 3HeprHH BeTpa OCYIl{eCTBmIeTC}l B
OCHOBHOM TOJIbKO B cxeMax C reHepHpOBaHHeM nepeMeHHoro TOKa. HanpHMep,
aKKYMynHpOBaH11e 3HeprHH B BH.u;e TeIIJIOTbI C HCIIOJIb30BaHHeM ee ,lI;n}l OTOIIJIe-
HH}l IIOMeIl{eHHH MOJKeT 6bITb OCYIl{eCTBJIeHO npH IIpHMeHeHHH B3Y IIepeMeH-
Horo HaIIp}lJKeHH}l C H3MeH}lIOllIeHCJI qaCTOTOH HJIH B3Y nOCTO}lHHOrO HaIIpJl-
JKeH11}l (CM. pHc.1.14, a). qaCToTa BpallIeHHH BeTpo.u;BHraTeJIH B 3TOM cnyqae He
06H3aTeJIbHO ,lI;OJIJKHa 6bITb IIOCTO}lHHOH. TIpHMeHeHHe BbIIIpJlMHTeJIbHbIX YCT-
poiiCTB .u;aeT B03MOJKHOCTb IIOJIyqHTb IIOCTO}lHHOe Hanp}lJKeHHe, KOTopoe MOJKeT
6bITb HCIIOJIb30BaHO HeIIocpe.u;CTBeHHO HJI11 JKe IIOCJIe ero HHBepTHpOBaHHH B
nepeMeHHoe Hanp}lJKeHHe IIOCTO}lHHOH qaCTOTbI.
CucmeMa C CUlIXpolllloii MaUlUlloii. JJ:nH IIpe06pa30BaHHH MeXaHHqe-
CKOH 3HeprHH B3Y B 3JIeKTpHqeCKyro 3HepmIO IIepeMeHHoro HaIIp}lJKeHHH IIO-
CTO}lHHOH qaCTOTbI B cxeMe reHepHpOBaHHH HCIIonb3YIOT CHHXpOHHbIH reHepa-
rop, pa60TaIOllIHH IIapaJIJIeJIbHO C CeTbIO (CM. pHc.1.14, 6), IIPH 3TOM MOIl{-
IIOCTb 3HeprocHCTeMbI HaMHoro 60JIbIlle MOIl{HOCTH B3Y H 3JIeKTpHqeCKaH
MaWHHa Haxo.u;HTC}l B CHHxpoHll3Me C ceTbIO B nIHpoKoM .u;HaIIa30He MOIl{HOCTH,
palBHBaeMoH BeTpo.u;BHraTeJIeM. K HelIOCTaTKaM TaKoH cxeMbI OTHOCHTC}l TO,
'I ro IIPH OIIpe.u;eJIeHHbIX BeTpOBbIX YCJIOBHJIX CHHxpOHHaH MaIIIHHa MOJKeT IIe-
PCXO,ll;HTb B .u;BHraTeJIbHbIH peJKHM H IIoTpe6mITb 3HeprHIO H3 ceTH, a IIPH pe3-
I<I1X IIopbIBax BeTpa IIOJlBJIJIeTCH BepOHTHOCTb ee BbIIIa,ll;eHH}l H3 CHHXpOHH3Ma.
Iia pl1c. 1.15 B KaqeCTBe IIpHMepa npHBe.u;eH BapHaHT CHHXpOHHOH THpHCTOp-
IIOj.j MaruHHbI [115], KOTopaH COCTOHT H3 cTaTopa 1 C 06MoTKaMH V , U , W,
pOTopa 2, IIpe.u;cTaBJIJIIOIl{erO c060ii nOCTO}lHllbIH MarHUT, H HH.u;HKaTopa 3 yr-
Jl(lIIoro nOnOJKeHWI pOTopa, IIpHCOe)I;HHeHHoro K cxeMe 4 BKJIIOqeHHH THpHCTO-
pOll.
'Ilil
B pe3YJIbTaTe IIYJIbCHpYIOIWIH xapaKTep BeTpa 11 COOTBeTcTBYIOllIHe
IIYJIbCaU11H MOMeHTa Ha BeTpOKOJIeCe .u;eMII )HPYIOTCH 3THM aKKYMYJI}lTOpOM, a
CKOpOCTb BpaIl{eHHH reHepaTopa CTaHOBHTC}l 60nee CTa6HJIbHOH, yny aeTcH
KaqeCTBO HarrpHJKeHHH.
III
1.7. THnOBble cxeMbI reHepHpOB3HHH J1elnpHqeCKOii
3HeprHH BeTpoycT3HOBK3MH
I
I
I II
il
III1
I
B HaCTOHIl{ee BpeM}l pa3pa60TaHo H IIp11MeHJleTCH 3HaqHTeJIbHOe KOJIH Ie-
CTBO cxeM ,lI;n}l IIpe06pa30BaHHH 3HeprHH BeTpa B 3JIeKTPHqeCKYIO 3HeprHIO no-
CTO}lHHOrO HJIll IIepeMeHHoro HaIIp}lJKeHH}l HJIH .u;JIJI BbIIIOJIHeHH}l MeXaHHqe-
CKOH pa60TbI.
B03MOJKHbIe TeXHOnOmqeCKHe cxeMbI 31jJIjJeKT11BHOrO IIonyqeHH}l 3JIeK-
TpH'-leCKOH 3HeprHH 3a CqeT 3HepmH BeTpa ,u;mI aBTOHOMHOH H CeTeBOH pa60TbI
B3Y IIpe.u;CTaBJIeHbI Ha pHC. 1.14.
BeTep
-
-
-
Berep
-
-
-
HarpY3Ka
llOCTOJlHH8.R
lLIaCTOTR Bpaw:emUI
Cen.
BlITep
-
BeTep
-
-
-
"IacTOTa opalliCHHJ!.
6nH3K.IlIt K rtocrmlKHOH
Ha ynpaBncHHe J'eHepaTopHOH
""
rCHcpaTopHM
C.HCTeM3 nepeMCU-
Horn Toxa nOCTOll.H-
HoR acroTbl npH
nepeMeHHOH ':I8CTO'fe
opSl.QCHMJf J1pHBO..lI8.
HarpY3Ka
Ce-rb
6
-
HOK qacTOTbl nepeMeHHBJI
'JacTOTa Bpaw.eHHJI
7
181
I
I
...----
3
BeTep
Bl:JXOll
nepeMeHHoro
'TOKa nOCTOHH-
-
-
-
HarpY3K3
a
Puc. 1.14. CxeMM l"eHepUpOBaHuH U UCnOJlb30BaHUH :JJleKTpo:mepnm npu
aBToHoMUOU (a) U ceTeBou (6) pa60Te B3Y
6
4
reHepHpOBaHHe IIOCTO}lHHOrO TOKa oCYIl{eCTBJI}leTC}l B HaCTOJlIl{ee BpeM}l
IIpaKTHqeCKH TOJIbKO Ha MaJIbIX B3Y MOIl{HOCTbIO He 60JIee 1 - 10 KET. B 3TOM
CJIyqae He Tpe6yeTcH IIOCTOHHHaSi qaCTOTa BpaIl{eHHSl BeTpo.u;BHraTeJI}l H 06bIq-
HO IIpHMeHSIIOTCJI aKKYMYJIHTOpHbIe 6aTapeH. TIpHMep 3JIeKTpHqeCKOH CHCTeMbI
B3Y C reHepaTopOM IIOCTOJlHHOrO TOKa H pe3ynbTaTbI ee HCIIbITaHHH npHBe.u;e-
HbI B rJI. 2.
PUC. 1.15. CxeMa TUPUCTOPHOU CUHXPOHUOU MalllUHbl
CTaTopHbIe 06MOTKH MaruHHbI IIp11Coe.u;HHeHbI K HCTOqHHKY 7 IIOCTOHH-
lIum TOKa qepe3 TpexljJa3HbIH THpHCTOpHbIH IIpe06pa30BaTeJIb 5 H crna)l(H-
1I.1I01I\I1H ,lI;poCCeJIb 6. B 6JIOK YIIpaBJIeHHH BBe.u;eHa cxeMa 8 IIpHUY,ll;HTeJIbHOH
I<I\MMYTauHH, COCTOJlllIaH H3 TpexljJa3Horo ,lI;Ho.u;Horo MOCTa 12, BCIIOMOraTeJIb-
I
I'
II
I II
I,
II
:I!!
illi:
I
I
I
I
1\;;
III
111
'1111
111\
30
rnaB8 1. 06 Me X8p8KTepMCTMKM
BeTp03l1eKTpM',jeCKMX YCT8HOBOK
31
TMnOBble cxeMbl reHepMpOB8HMJI 3neKTpM"IeCKOM
3HeprnM BeTpoYCT8H"OBK8MM
HbIX THpHCTOpOB 13, 14, 15, HCTOqHHKa IIOCTOHHHoro TOKa 18, KOH.u;eHcaTopa
10, HH)J;yKTHBHOH KaTyruKH 16, pe3HcTopa 17 II )l;HO.u;OB 9 , 11.
CxeMa BKJIIOqeHHH 4 oTKpbIBaeT THpHCTOp 13 O,ll;HOBpeMeHHo C THpHCTO-
paMH SCR1, SCR2, SCR3 npe06pa30BaTeJIH 5, THpHCTOp 14 - o)I;HOBpeMeHHo C
THpHcTopaMH SCR4, SCR511 SCR6, a THpHCTOp 15 BKJIIOqaeTC}l IIPH Ka)K,lI;OM
BKJIIOqeHHH IIpe06pa30BaTeJIH 5. B pe3YJIbTare TaKoH KOMMYTal{HH KOH,lI;eHCa-
TOp 10 pe30HaHcHoro KOHrypa C HH.u;YKTHBHOH KaTyruKoH 16 11 BCIIOMoraTeJIb-
HbIM THpHCTOpOM 15 IIo.u;KJIIOqaeTC}l K TOMY THPHCTOpy npe06pa30BaTeJI}l 5, KO-
TOpbIH .u;OJIJKeH nepexo.u;HTb B HeIIpoBo.u;HIllee COCTO}lHHe. B 3TH MOMeHTbI KOH-
,lI;eHCaTOp 10 3ap}lJKeH .u;o HaIIp}lJKeHHH IlCTOqHHKa IIOCTO}lHHOrO TOKa 18, KOTO-
poe npHKJIa.llbIBaeTC}l K CHJIOBbIM 3neKTpo.u;aM COOTBeTCTBYIOIl{erO THpHcTopa B
06paTHoM HaIIpaBJIeHHH.
If3 .u;PyrHX cxeM C CHHXpOHHbIM reHepaTopoM npe,ll;CTaBJIHeT TaK)Ke HHTe-
pee npe06pa30BaTeJIbHaH cxeMa C BbIXO,ll;HbIM HaIIp}lJKeHHeM, MO.u;YJIHpOBaHHbIM
HH3KOH qaCTOTOH [36]. B 3TOH cxeMe HanpHJKeHHe B036YJK,lI;eHH}l CHHXpOHHOro
reHepaTopa IIepeMeHHoe C qaCTOTOH 50 rl{. BbIxo,ll;HOe Hanp}l)KeHHe, MO.llYJIH-
pOBaHHoe CHH)'COH,lI;aJIbHbIMH KOJIe6aHHHMH, BbIIIpHMJIHeTC}l H IIo.u;aeTC}l Ha
IjJHJIbTp ,lI;n}l nonyqeHHH Ha BbIXO,ll;e nepeMeHHoro HaIIp}lJKeHHH C qaCTOTOH
50 rl{. TIpHHltHIIHaJIbHO B03MOJKHO C03.u;aHHe B3Y, B KOTOpOH BeTpo.u;BHraTeJIb
BpaliiaeTCJI C nepeMeHHoH qaCTOTOH, a reHepHpYIOIl{aH CHcreMa 06eCIIeqHBaeT
IIonY'IeHHe IIepeMeHHoro HaIIp}lJKeHH}l HeH3MeHHoH qaCTOTbI, IIpll KOTOpOM
3JIeKTp03HeprHH MOJKeT 6bITb IIo.u;aHa B ceTb. B TaKoH 83Y IlCIIOJIb3yroTCH Ba-
pHaTopbI, T. e. MYJIbTHIIJIHKaTOpbI C IIepeMeHHbIM IIepe.u;aTOqHbIM oTHorueHHeM
HJIH YCTpoHcTBa C rll.u;paBJIHqeCKOH IIepe,ll;aqeH MOIl{HOCTH.
pa30BaHHH Ha 3TOH qaCTOre, qTO .u;aeT B03MOJKHOCTb IIpHMeHeHHH reHepaTOpa B
TpeXIjJa3HOM HCIIOJIHeHHH, HMeIOIl{ero IIO CpaBHeHHIO C O,ll;HOIjJa3HbIM MeHbIIIHH
ra6apHT II 60nee BbICOKHH Kn,n:. B pJl)J;e CJIyqaeB OIIpaB,lI;aH nepexo,ll; Ha qaCTO-
ry 400 rl{, qTO B03MOJKHO npll HCIIonb30BaHHH 3JIeKTpoHHoro IIpe06pa30BaTeJIH
co 3BeHOM IIOCTOHHHoro TOKa. B KaqeCTBe IIpe06pa30BaTeJI}l MOJKeT 6bITb IIPH-
MeHeH IIOJIYMOCTOBOH HHBepTop HJIM HHBepTop T11IIa «MaK-MoPH», 06na.u;alO-
II\HH YCTOHqHBOH KOMMYTaWIeH npH HHBepTHpoBaH11H H ,lI;OIIycKaIOIl{HH B03-
MOJKHOCTb perYJIHpOBaHH}l HaIIp}lJKeHH}l Ha BbIXO,ll;e. B KaqeCTBe 3BeHa IIOCTO-
HIIHoro TOKa B03MOJKHO HCIIOJIb30BaTb TpexljJa3H)'IO cxeMY Bbmp}lMJIeHHH
aKa,ll;. A.H. flapHoHoBa.
Pa60TaeT HHBepTop cne.u;YIOIl{HM 06pa30M. TIocTOJlHHOe HaIIp}lJKeHHe C
J1I.IIlPHM11TeJIbHOrO MOCTa IIO,ll;aeTCJI Ha Cpe,ll;HIOIO TOqKY 1.2 TpaHcljJopMaTopa,
11"llml: I Oph' T 1 II T 2 nonepeMeHHO OTKPbIBaIOTCJI HMnYJIbCaMH CO cxeMbI YIIpaB-
JICillUl. Ilpll OI'l<pWTIIII, I1UllpIlMCp, Tllpl1CTOpa TI ROH,lI;eHCaTOp C2 pa3pHJKaeTC}l
II '1II1I1I1'al'1 IIIIHI!: I op 1'2, II II.IOOllpO I'. npl1 :JTOM BO BTOpll'IHOH 06MOTKe
Il'illll"'I"'I'MIIII.pa 1'" IIIIJlYI< I IIpYCTCH IICpCMclIlioe lIanpJIJKeHHe.
( 11,'''''''111 (' (I('I11I.\]'m(llbl./l' .'ellepumopo.M (eM. puc. 1,14, 6). TIpHMeHe-
IIIIC UCIIII'pUIIIIUI'U '"Clll'puropa (Ar) B KaqeCTBe IIpe06pa30BareJIH 3HeprnH
Ill' I pOllOi 0 IIOTOK3 II 3JIeIUpH'-IeCKYIO 3HeprHIO BeCbMa IIepCIIeKTHBHO. JJ:OCTO-
IIIICI'II.I AI' lUl1pOKO 113BeCTHbI. 3TO IIpocTOTa KOHCTPYKu;HH, BbICOKaH Ha)I;eJK-
1I0crl> II 3KCIIJIyaTal{HH, qTO oc06eHHo BaJKHO ,lI;nH B3Y, ,lI;OCTaTOqHO npocTbIe
""l'l\1hl BKJIIOqeHH}l Ha IIapanJIeJIbHYIO pa60TY C CeTbIO H .u;PyrnMH HCTOqHHKaMH
'JI '1< rp03HeprHH. llIHPOKOMY HCIIonb30BaHHIO Ar B B3Y cIIoc06cTByeT TaKJKe
'''. 'no B KaqeCTBe reHepaTopoB MorYT IIpHMeHHTbC}l 06bI'lHbIe aCHHxpoHHbIe
.JlllllnlTeJIH.
KaK H3BeCTHO, aCHHxpoHHaH MaruHHa, IIo.u;KJIIOqeHHaJI K TpexljJa3HOH ce-
lli IIcpeMeHHoro TOKa IIPH qaCTOTe BpallIeHHH n2 > nl (n2 - qaCTOTa BpaIl{eHH}l
po'ropa, 01- qaCTOTa BpallIeHHH MarHHTHoro IIOJIH cTaTopa), aBTOMaTH'IeCKH IIe-
PCXO.u;HT B reHepaTopHbIH peJKHM. IIpH 3TOM peaKTHBH)'IO MOIl{HOCTb, He06xo-
Jll1MYIO .u;nH C03.u;aHHH BpallIaIOIl{erOCJI MarHHTHoro nOJIH, MaruHHa IIOJIyqaeT H3
CCTH.
Pa60Ta aCHHXpoHHOH MaruHHbI B KaqeCTBe aBTOHOMHoro reHepaTopa
MOJKeT 6bITb 06eCIIeqeHa, eCJIH IIo.u;aBaTb B 06MOTKY cTaTopa peaKTHBHYIO
MOIl{HOCTb OT 6aTapeH KOH.u;eHcaTopoB (PHC. 1.17). B 3TOM cnyqae K BbIXO)J;y
Ar, IIpHBO,ll;HMOrO BO BpaIlleHHe BeTpO,u;BHraTeJIeM, IIapaJIJIeJIbHO HarpY3Ke ZH B
Kaj[()J;YIO IjJa3Y IIo.u;KJIIOqaIOT KOH.u;eHcaTop C. IIpH aKTHBHOH HarpY3Ke peaKTHB-
lIaJI MOIl{HOCTb Qc. IIoCTYIIalOIl{aJI OT KOH,u;eHCaTopa C, .u;onJKHa 6bITb paBHa pe-
3KTIlBHOH MOllIHOCT11 reHepaTopa Qr. He06xo,ll;HMOH .u;nH C03,l1;aHH}l MarHHTHOrO
IIOTORa. TIpH aKTHBHO-HH,u;YKTHBHOH HarpY3Ke MOIl{HOCTb Qc ,lI;OJIJKHa IIOKpbI-
BaTb TaKJKe peaKTHBH)'IO MOllIHOCTb QH HarpY3KH.
JJ;BHraTeJIb
reHepaTOp BbInpJIMHTenI>HbIH
MOCT
I
if
H2
r2
PUC. 1.16. npUHlIUnUaJILHaH cxeMa CUHxpoHHoro reHepaTopa C nOCTOHH-
Hb Mll MarHIlTaMl-1 1-; I-IHB2pTGpOM.
Ha pHC. 1.16 IIOKa3aHa IIpHHl{HIIHaJIbHaH cxeMa reHepaTopa C IIOCTO}lH-
HbIMH MarHHTaMIl H npe06pa30BaTeJIeM. IIpH .u;OIIYCTHMOCTH IIp}lMoyrOJIbHOH
1jJ0pMbI BbIXO,ll;HOrO HaIIpJlJKeHHH Ha qaCTOTe 50 rl{ B03MOJKeH BapHaHT IIpeo6-
32
rn8B8 1. 06 Me Xap8KTepMCTMKM
BeTp03neKTpM'IeCKMX YCT8HOBOK
TMnOBble cxeMbl reHepMpoB8HMfI 3neKTpM'IeCKOM
3HeprMM BeTpoycT8HOBK8MM
33
u
cu=r
8 3TOM oTHorueHHH KOJIneKTOpHa5i MaruHHa nepeMeHHoro TOKa IIo.u;06Ha
MaruHHe IIOCT05iHHorO TOKa. ECJIH B036YJK,lI;eHHe MaruHHbI oCYIl{eCTBJIHeTC5i TO-
KOM C qaCTOTOH 50 rl{, MaruHHa 6y.u;er reHepHpOBaTb IIepeMeHHoe Hanp5iJKeHHe
TOM JKe qaCTOTbI.
KOHCTPYKTHBHO 3Ta MaIIIHHa .u;ocTaTOqHO npOCTa, ee JlKOpb IIo.u;06eH HKO-
plO MaruHHbI IIOCTOJlHHOrO TOKa. CTOHMOCTb KOJIneKTOpHoro reHepaTopa
nepeMeHHoro TOKa 6JIH3Ka K CTOHMOCTH reHepaTopa IIOCT05iHHOrO TOKa.
ACUHXPOHHblU zeHepamop c numaeMblM pomopoM (puc. 1.19). 3TOT re-
IIcpaTOp no.u;06eH aCHHxpoHHOMY reHepaTopy C ljJa3HbIM pOTOpOM II C KOHTaKT-
IIhlMH I(OJIbl{aMH, qTO .u;aeT B03MOJKHOCTb muaHHH 06MOTOK pOTopa OT .u;OIIon-
1111 rCJlbHOrO rCHepaTopa, BbIpa6aTbIBaIOru;ero HanpHJKeHHe C qaCTOTOH CKOJIb-
}J(cmHI. fTpH 3TOM KaK BeJIHqHHa, TaK H ljJa3a YKa3aHHOrO HaIIpJlJKeHHH MOryr
IIIMCmll'hC!I, 'ITO 1I01AOJI!lCT nOBhlCI1Tb 1(03cpcpHl\Hel-IT MOllIHOCTH reHepaTopa, a
l'IICJ!IIII.trCJlhIlO, 11 )1(OIlOMII'IiIOCTh 'HOH CXCMhl B UCJIOM.
CaMOB036YJK.u;eHHe Ar B03MOJKHO IIPH HaJIHqHH IIOTOKa OCTaTOqHOrO
HaMarHH'lHBaHHH <l>OCT B ljJeppoMamHTHOH qaCTH MamHTHOH l{eIIH, KOTOpbIH
npH Bparu;eHHH pOTopa Ar HaBo.u;HT B 06MOTKe CTaTopa 3JJ:C OCTaTO'lHoro nomI
E OCT ' 06bIqHO npH IIIHXTOBaHHOM pOTope EOCT = (0,02- 0,03) DHOM" IIo BJIHH-
HHeM E OCT B l{enH IIapanJIeJIbHOH eMKOCTH B03HHKaeT eMKOCTHbIH (oIIepeJKaIO-
IIIHH ) TOK, KOTOpbIH H IIO,ll;MarHHqHBaeT MaruHHY.
I
I
II
liil
0)
(2)
I i:
I
p"C. 1.17. IIp"HQ"n"aJI''HaH CXCMa aCHHxpoHHoro rCHcpaTOpa
C KOHj\CHCaTOpHLIM Bo 6y CH"CM
rJIaBHOe IIpeHMYIl{eCTBO aCHHxpoHHoro reHepaTopa COCTOHT B TOM, qTO
HaIIpHJKeHHe Ha ero BbIXO.u;e HMeeT IIOCTO}lHHYIO 'IaCTOTY IIPH H3MeHeHHH qac-
TOTbI Bparu;eHHH pOTopa B HeKOTopbIX IIpe.u;enax H eMY CBOHCTBeHHa 60JIbruaJI
YCTOHqlIBOCTb IIPH pa60Te Ha CeTb, qeM Y CHHXpOHHOH MaruHHbI. TIoCJIe.u;Hee
06CTOJITeJIbCTBO KpaHHe BaJKHO B CBH311 C TCM, '-!TO 83Y CTaHOBJlTC}l BCe 60nee
MOIl{HbIMH.
He.u;OCTaTKOM 3TOH CxeMbI }lB-
JIHeTC}l TO, '-!TO IIPH O.u;HOM H TOM JKe
BeTpOBOM peJKHMe OHa BbIpa6aTbIBa-
eT MeHbIlle 3HeprHH, qeM CHHXPOH-
Ha5i MalliHHa, H CBJl3aHO 3TO C MeHb-
IIIHM K031jJljJHuHeHTOM MOru;HOCTH,
06YCJIOBJIeHHbIM 60JIbruHMH TOKaMH
HaMarHHqHBaHHH, KOTopble IIPH6JIH-
3HTenbHO IIpOIIOpl{HOHaJIbHbI KBa,ll;-
paTY HaIIp}lJKeHHH. CJIe.u;yeT TaKJKe
OTMeTHTb, qTO IIOCne,ll;HHH He,ll;OCTa-
TO!( KOMIIeHcHpyeTcJI CHHJKeHHeM
3aTpaT Ha MexaHH3MbI CHCTeMbI pe-
ryJIHpoBaHHH, IIOCKOJIbKY B cnyqae
HCIIOJIb30BaHHH aCHHxpOHHoro re-
HepaTopa .u;OIIYCKaeTC}l MeHee TOq-
Hoe IIO,ll;L\epJKaHHe qaCTOTbI BpaIl{eHHH BeTpOKOJIeca.
CXe.Ma C KOJlJleKmOpHblM zeHepamopOM nepe.MeHHOZO mOKa (puc. 1.18).
JJ:OCTOHHCTBOM :noH CHCTeMbI }lBJIHeTC}l TO, '1TO qaCTOTa HaIIp}lJKeHHH Ha BbI-
xo.u;e reHepaTopa paBHa qaCTOTe HaIIp5iJKeHHH B036y)[()J;eHHH He3aBHCHMO OT
qaCTOTbI BpaIl{eHHH pOTopa.
III
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PHC. 1.18. KOHCTPYKT"BHaH CXCMa KOJI-
JICKTOpHoro rCHcpaTopa ncpcMcHHoro TO-
Ka: 1 - pomop zeHepamopa; 2 - o6Mom«o
6036y3ICiJeHuR; 3 - 6J1o« ynpa6J1eHuR; 4 -
cemb
II
',I
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5
I (FIB)
I L_____.J I
L-.______.J
l{enb o6paTHoi1: CB!I ll
I'... . 1.19. CxcMa aCHHxpoHHoro rCHcpaTopa C n"TaCMLlM pOTOpOM :
I - ,'('''''pllmop, 6blpo6ambl6alOU(uu HonpR3ICeHue c 'lacmomou C«OJlb3ICeHUR;
1,3 - pomop U cmamop Ar; 4 - iJam'lu« 'laCmOmbl 6paU(eHuR; 5 - cemb
Ilpe11MYIl{eCTBO TaKoro aCHHxpOHH3HpOBaHHOrO reHepaTopa COCTOHT B
HIM, '.1[0 HaIIp}lJKeHHe Ha ero BbIxo.u;e HMeeT HeH3MeHHYIO qaCTOTY IIPH H3Me-
IICIIHH '-mCTOTbI Bparu;eHHH pOTopa B HeKOTopbIX npe.u;eJIax H eMY CBOHCTBeHHa
\)( JJIbruaJI YCTOHqHBOCTb, qeM y CHHXpOHHOH MaIIIHHbI. TIoCJIe.u;Hee 06CTOHTeJIb-
CTIIO oc06eHHO BaJKHO .u;nH B3Y 60nbIIIOH MOllIHOCTH.
AC1LHXPOHHbiU zeHepamop C 6eHmUJlbHblM 6o:J{)y:»cdeHueM. AJIbTepHa-
. (IBOH KOH,u;eHCaTopHOMY B036YJK,lI;eHHIO Ar B3Y 60nblliOH MOllIHOCTH 5I'BnJleT-
C!I Bel-IT11JIbHOe B036YJK,lI;eHHe reHepaTopa. TIpH 3TOM HCIIonb30BaHHe aBTOHOM-
1I0ro HHBepTopa (AI1H) II03BonHeT orpaHHqHTbCJI .u;nH B036Yj[()J;eHHH Ar KOH-
J!CHCaTOpaMH MeHblIIeH eMKOCTH. B COOTBeTCTBHH C MeTO)I;HKOH pacqeTa,
IIpHBe.u;eHHOH B pa60Te [149] , C,lI;eJIaeM Ol{eHKY eMKOCTH KOH,lI;eHCaTOpa, He06-
XO,ll;HMOH .u;nH cxeMbI B3Y MaJIOH MOIl{HOCTH C aBTOHOMHbIM HHBepTopoM. Ey-
,L(eM CqHTaTb, qTO MeJK.u;y AIIH H Ar BKJIIOqeH H.u;eaJIbHbIH IjJHJIbTp (If<:D)
(pHC. 1.20, a). B 3TOM cJIyqae IIPH yme ynpaBJIeHH}l KJIIOqaMH B 180 0 TOKH ljJa3
6y.u;YT CHHYCOH,u;aJIbHbIMH (PHC. 1.20, 6).
AMIInHTy.u;bI ljJa3Horo TOKa H TOKa Ha KOH,u;eHCaTOpe paBHbI:
34
rn8B8 1. 061.1..1Me xapaKTepMCTMKM
BeTp03neKTpM"IeCKMX YCTaHoBoK
TMnOBble cxeMbl reHepMpoB8HMfI 3neKTpM"IeCKOM
3HeprnM BeTpoycT8HoBKaMM
35
I,pm = -J2 I,p=3,25 A;
ICm = -J2 It/) .sin(300) ,.,J,63A.
(1.42)
(1.43)
06:Jop 6blnWlltellllbiX cxeM U pe:»cuMo6 pa6ombl. PaCCMOTpeHHbIe BapH-
aHTbI CHCTeM reHepHpoBaHHH 3JIeKTp03HeprnH B3Y He HCqepIIbIBaIOT Bcero HX
MHoro06pa3HH. Pa3pa6OTaHbI H IIp11MeH}lIOTC}l CHHXpOHHbIe reHepaTopbI C IIpO-
){OJIbHO-IIOIIepeqHbIM B036YJK,lI;eHHeM [99], reHepaTopbI C BparualOllIHMHC}l BbI-
IIpHMHTeJIHMH 11 COBMeIl{eHHbIMH 06MoTKaMH [149], HH,lI;YKTopHbIe reHepaTopbI
C pa3HoHMeHHoH IIOJIIOCHOCTbIO [99], aCHHxpoHHbIe reHepaTopbI C ljJa3HbIM po-
mpoM [99] 11 .u;p. l1HTepecHbIe pe3YJIbTaTbI IIOJIY'IeHbI IIPH Hccne.u;OBaHHH ce-
IlHHHbIX BeTp03JIeKTpH'leCK11X YCTaHOBOK THIIa «COKOJI», «EepKYT», B3Y -4,
AB3Y-2, AB3Y-5 ,JJ:-4 H KypCKOH B3C [131] .
B B3Y MorYT IIpHMeHHTbC}l TaKJKe 6eCKOHTaKTHbIe CHHXpoHHbIe reHepa-
10pbI C Korre06pa3HbIMH IIOJIIOCaMH C qaCTOTOH IIepeMeHHoro TOKa Ha BbIxo.u;e,
IIponopUHOHaJIbHOH qaCTOTe Bpall{eHHH reHepaTopa, a TaKJKe 6eCll{eTOqHbIe
CllIIXpOHHbIe reHepaTopbI C BpaliialOll{HMHC}l BbIIIp}lMHTeJI}lMH. IIocJIe.u;HHe
IIpCJl,CTaBJI}lIOT C060H C11HXpOHHYlO MaruHny, 06MoTKa B036Yj[()J;eHHH KOTOpOH
IIII raeTC}l nOCTO}lHHbIM TOKOM qepe3 IIonynpOBOL\HHKOBbIH BbIIIpHMHTeJIb OT
1I0 oY){HTeJIH nepeMeHHoro TOKa. B036y.u;HTeJIb HBJI}leTC}l CHHXpOHHOH MaruH-
lIoii OOpall\eHHOH KOHCTPYKU11H (HH,lI;YI<TOp HeIIO,ll;BHJKeH, HKOpb Bpall{aeTcH),
IIpll HUM H reHepaTOp" H B036y.u;HTenb C BbIIIp}lMHTeJIeM pa3Mell{alOTC}l Ha 06-
IIlCM BaJIY.
PerYJIHpOBaHHe HaIIpH)!(eHHH np11 H3MeHeHHH HarpY3KH oCYll{eCTBJIHeTC}l
II IMClle II1eM TOKa B036YJK)J;eHHH B036Y,lI;HTeJIH. TIpH 3TOM MOIl{HOCTb perYJIHpO-
lIalllm, }lBJIJIlOll{aHC}l MOIl{HOCTbIO B036Y)!(,lI;eHWI B036y.u;HTeJI}l, IIOJIyqaeTCH He-
hOJllolllOH H Macca reHepaTopa B036Y)K.u;eHHH TOJKe HeBeJI11Ka. TaKaH KOHCTPYK-
111111 rCllepaTopa B3Y CJIOJKHa, ,lI;OCTaTOqHO Tpy.u;oeMKa B H3rOTOBJIeHHH H no-
Ii OMY He HarnJIa IIpHMeHeHH}l.
B 6eCKOHTaKTHOM C11HXpOHHOM reHepaTope C Korreo6pa3HbIMH IIOJIIOCa-
1I1 (pHc.1.22) OTCYTCTBYIOT BpallIaIOll{HeC}l 06MOTKH H B036y.u;HTeJIb, H, KaK
CJICIICTBHe, Ha,ll;eJKHOCTb 3Toro reHepaTopa BbIrue, qeM Ha,ll;eJKHOCTb 6eCll{eTOq-
1101'0 CHHxpOHHoro reHepaTopa.
MarH11THbIH IIOTOK, C031IaBaeMbIH Heno.u;BHJKHOH 06MOTKOH B036YJK.u;e-
IlilSf I. IIOCJIe npOXOJK.u;eHWI qepe3 B03,D,yrnHbIH 3a30p C nOMOllIbIO IIOJIIOCOB 2
CliCIlH3JlbHOH 1jJ0pMbI, HaIIOMHHaIOll{HX KorrH, 113MeHHeT CBoe HanpaBJIeHHe C
1';I11113J1bHOrO Ha aKCHaJIbHOe H 3aMbIKaeTC}l B aKCHaJIbHOH qaCT11 MarHHToIIpO-
11011" 3, KOTopaH MOJKeT 6bITb pacnOnOJKeHa KaK cHapYJKH HKOpJI (MaruHHa C
IIIIcllllle3aMKHYTbIM IIOTOKOM), TaK H BHYTPH Hero, KaK IIOKa3aHO Ha pHC. 1.22.
II II'OM cJIyqae HMeeM reHepaTop C BHYTpH3aMKHYTbIM IIOTOKOM THIIa «ceK-
\"III!». Oc06eHHocTb IIonlOcHoH CHCTeMbI TaKoro reHepaTopa B TOM, '!TO Mar-
IIIII'IIblC nOTOKH pacceHHHH MorYT ,lI;OCTHraTb 50% pa60qero IIOTOKa, H3-3a qero
lIoJIIII.I" MarHHTHbIH IIOTOK B 1,5 pa3a npeBbIrnaeT pa60qHH IIOTOK B 3a30pe, qTO
I pd')YCT YBenHqeHH}l pa3MepoB H MaCCbI aKCHaJIbHbIX yqaCTKOB MarHHTonpoBo-
11.1, 110 KOTOpbIM npoxo.u;11T IIOJIHbIH IIOTOK. PerYJI11pOBaHHe HaIIp}lJKeHHH IIPH
II'IMCIlCIIH11 HarpY3KH oCYllIeCTBJIHeTC}l H3MeHeHHeM TOKa B036YJK,lI;eHHH.
HaIIpJlJKeHHe Ha KOH.u;eHcaTope 3aIIHCbIBaeTCH B BH,u;e
rr
1 3 1
L'1V Cm = - ficdB = -.£...L'1B.
err C
6
J21J
Ie
(1.44)
I
I
!
II
Ar
O
C
'-'-r-'
K HarpY3Ke
a 6
PUC. 1.20. CxeMa aCUHxpOUHoro reuepaTopa C BeHTUJlLHLIM B036y eHueM (a)
U cJI0pMLI KPUBLIX TOKa U HanpmKeHUH Ha KOH eHcaTope (6)
IIpHHHMaH pa3MaX nynbcaUHH HaIIpJlJKeHH}l Ha KOH.u;eHcaTope paBHbIM
aMIIJIHry.u;e HaIIpHJKeHHH Ar (311 B), H3 (1.42) HaXO,ll;HM eMKOCTb KOH,lI;eHCaTO-
pa C = 22 MK<l>, qTO nOqTH B IIHTb pa3 MeHbIlle, qeM IIPH KOH,u;eHCaTOpHoM B03-
6YJK.u;eHHH.
Ha pHC. 1.21 nOKa3aHa
cxeMa, B KOTOpOH B KaqeCTBe
YIIpaBJIHIOll{HX KJIIOqeH Al1H
HCIIonb30BaHbI THpHCTOpbI, a
HHBepTop .06eCIIeqHBaeT IIp}l-
MoyrOJIbHYIO 1jJ0PMY BbIXO)I;HorO
HaIIpJlJKeHHH. KIIJJ: TaKOll cxe-
MbI BbIIlle, qeM KOH.u;eHCaTOp-
HOH, cne.u;OBaTenbHO, YBeJIHqH-
BaeTC}l pecypc aKKyMymITOpHOH
6aTapeH (AE), nHTaIOIl{eH HH-
BepTop. PeryJIHpOBKa BeJIH'lH-
HbI HaIIpHJKeHHH npoH3Bo.u;HTCJI yrJIOM OTKpbIBaHHH THpHCTOpOB.
o
IIII
II
I
I
I'
III
:1
I1II
1:11
AE
AMH
PUC. 1.21. 06maH cxeMa reHepupoBaHuH B3Y C
acuHxpoHUblM reHepaTopoM C BeHTUJlbHLIM
B036y eHueM
o
t.U c
11:
""3"
211:
j
o
I
I II1
I:
I !I
I1 1I
II'
,
I!
I1 II
II! I
1 1 \11 1
II !: II
36
rnaBa 1. 06U1Me xapaKTepMCTMKM
BeTp03neKTpM ecKMxycTaHoBoK
TlilnOBble cxeMbl reHepMpOBaHMJI 3neKTpM eCKoM
3HeprMM BeTpoycTaHoBKaMM
37
I'JIC U - HaIIpHJKeHHe cpa3bI cTaTopa; 1- TOK ljJa3bI cTaTopa; COS rp - K03cpljJHUHeHT
MOIIlHOCTH, OIIpe,u;eJIHeMbIH ypOBHeM B036Yj[()J;eHHH.
3Ta MOIl{HOCTb MeHbnre MOIl{HOCTH, pa3BHBaeMOH Ha BeTpOKOJIeCe, Ha
m;JIWIHHY IIOTepb B TpaHCMHCCHH H B Cr.
IIp11 pa60Te CHHXpOHHOH B3Y napaJIJIeJIbHO C 3HeprOCHCTeMOH KOJIe6a-
IIilSI BpaluarOIl{ero MOMeHTa Ha BeTpo,u;BHraTeJIe He ,u;OJIJKHbI IIpeBbIIllaTb (30 -
,0)% M H 'ITO HCKJIIOqaeT OIIaCHOCTb BbIIIa,ll;eHHH cr H3 CHHXpoHH3Ma, IIPH
110M He06xOlI11MO, 'IT06bI C11HXpOHHaH MaruHHa 06nalIaJIa ,lI;OCTaTOqHbIM 3aIIa-
COM /l,HHaMHqeCKOH YCTOHqHBOCTH B nepHO,u;bI B03,u;eHCTBHH BHe3aIIHO B03HH-
l\alOlllHX nopbIBOB BeTpOBoro IIOTOKa.
B3Y C aCHHxpoHHbIM reHepaTopoM, IIo,u;KJIIOqeHHbIM Ha IIapaJIneJIbHyro
l'allO! Y C CeTbIO, IIpe06pa3YeT 3HeprHIO BeTpoBoro IIOTOKa B 3JIeKTp03HeprHIO
II'l"XIIJalHOrO IIepeMeHHoro TOKa H OTlIaeT ee B ceTb, eCJIH npoH3BelIeHHe qaCTO-
11.1 IIpallleH11H BaJIa BeTpoKoneca BK "BK H IIepe,u;aTOqHOrO OTHonreHHH i MYJIb-
I III IJIII KaTopa HeCKonbKO 60JIbnre CHHXpOHHOH qaCTOTbI, T.e.
Puc. 1.22. CUHXPOHHblU reHepaTop c KorTeofip33HblMU nOJIIOCaMU U
BHYTpu3aMKHYTbiM MarHUTHblM nOTOKOM (Tun «ceKCUH»}
60fc
nBK" ) nC =-.
I P
Ilpl1 3TOM Kone6aHHH qaCTOTbI BpaIl{eHHH pOTopa Ar IIO OTHOnreHHIO K
IIIIM\lIIa.1IhHOH: qaCTOTe BpallIeHHH ,u;OJIJKHbI 6bITb He 60JIee 2%, 'ITO CBH3aHO C
"""r.:\.O/l,I1MOCTbIO 06eCIIeqHTb 3HaqHTeJIbHbIH 3aIIac ,u;HHaMHqeCKOH YCTOHqH-
11",'1 II \I() MOMeHTY. BMecTe C TeM aCHHXpOHHaH B3Y 1I0JIJKHa HMeTb 3allIHry OT
"1'["1IJ,IIIICIII1H qaCTOTbI BpallIeHHH, IIOCKOJIbKY npH OqeHb CHJIbHbIX IIopbIBax
leII" 11'''"01'0 nOTOKa a3po,u;HHaMHqeCKHH MOMeHT BeTpo,u;BHraTeJIH MOJKeT IIpeBbI-
11111. M<iKCI1MaJIbHbIH MOMeHT Ar, B pe3YJIbTaTe qero OH MOJKeT IIepeHTH Ha He-
Y"lo!l'lIIBbIH yqaCTOK MeXaHHqeCKOH xapaKTepHcTHKH.
OrMeTHM eIl{e pa3, qTO cYMMapHbIH K031jJljJHuHeHT HCIIOJIb30BaHHH 3Hep-
11111 IIcTpoBoro nOTOKa aCHHxpoHHOH B3Y HHJKe, qeM Y CHHXpOHHOH, qTO CBH-
111110 C IJOTpe6neHHeM H3 ceTH peaKTHBHoro TOKa Ha B036YJK1leHHe H CHHJKeHH-
t"M IIC.1lH'lHHbI COS cpo
J(JlH aCHHxpoHHOH B3Y 60JIbruOH MOIl{HOCTH BeCbMa 31jJljJeKTHBHbIM cno-
I OIlOM 1I0BbInreHHH 3KOHOMH'-IHOCTH, cTa6HnH3aUHH HanpHJKeHHH H qaCTOTbI
Mlllilcr 6LITb HCIIOJIb30BaHHe CHHxpoHHoro KOMIIeHcaTopa, KOTOpbIH cHa6JKaeT
.ll"IIIIXPOlIHYIO B3Y peaKTHBHbIM TOKOM HaMarHH'IHBaHHH H ,u;aeT B03MOJKHOCTb
I"JlllIOH aBTOMaTH3aIJ;HH npouecca perYJIHpOBaHHH peaKTHBHoH MOIl{HOCTH, KO-
ulllllllllHcHTa MOllIHOCTH cos cp H B oIIpe,u;eJIeHHbIX IIpelIeJIaX cTa6HJIH3HpOBaTb
1I,lIIpmKCII11e Ha KJIeMMaX reHepaTopa.
Ilp11MeHeHHe reHepaTopoB IIOCTOHHHoro TOKa B B3Y OrpaHHqHBaeTCH
'I" 60JIhruOH: CTOHMOCTbIO H CnOJKHOCTbIO 3KCIIJIyaTaUHH KonneKTopHo-
III\" 1II'llioro Y3JIa, 3acopeHHeM 3JIeKTpHqeCKOH MaruHHbI yrOJIbHOH IIbIJIbIO, 06-
pa 'Y"IIIleHcH IIPH cpa6aTbIBaHHH llIeTOK.
(1.47)
THXOxo,u;HbIe reHepaTopbI MorYT 6bITb coe,u;HHeHbI C BeTpoKonecoM He-
IIOCpe,ll;CTBeHHo, 6e3 pe)J;yKTopa, H pa60TaTb IIPH IIepeMeHHoH qaCTOTe BpallIe-
HHH B nrHpoKoM ,u;HaIIa30He ee H3MeHeHHH, '-!TO II03BOJIHeT YMeHbnrHTb ra6apH-
TbI arperaTa B ueJIOM, YIIPOCTHTb IIepe,u;aTO'lHbIe Y3JIbI H, cne,u;OBaTeJIbHO,
YMeHbnrHTb pacxo,u; MaTepHaJIOB. TexHHKo-3KOHOMH'IeCKHe ,u;aHHbIe, CTeIIeHb
CJIOJKHOCTH, Ha,ll;eJKHOCTb pa60TbI, ce6ecToHMoCTb, CpOK 0KYnaeMocTH H ,u;PyrHe
IIOKa3aTenH II03BOJIHIOT rOBopHTb 0 ueJIeco06pa3HocTH ,u;aJIbHeHnrero IIOHCKa
CHCTeM 3neKTporeHepHpoBaHHH C HCIIonb30BaHHeM OnTHMaJIbHbIX 6ecKoHTaKT-
HbIX HH3Ko060pOTHbIX reHepaTopoB C aBTOMaTHqeCKOH cHcTeMoH perynHpoBa-
HHX HanpHJKeHHH.
PeJKHMbI cOBMecTHoH pa60TbI 3HeprocHcTeMbI H B3Y C CHHXpOHHbIM re-
HepaTopoM Tpe6yIOT, '-!T06bI npoH3Be,u;eHHe HOMHHaJIbHOH qaCTOTbI BpaIl{eHHH
BeTpo,u;BHraTeJIH "BK - H IIepe,u;aTOqHOrO OTHOIlleHHH MYJIbTHIIJIHKaTOpa i 6bIno
paBHo CHHXpOHHOH qaCTOTe BpaIl{eHHH "r cr H, TaKHM 06pa30M, COOTBeTCTBO-
BaJIO qaCTOTe CeTH, T. e.
nBK.j = nc = 60,%. (1.45)
BeJIHqHHa MOIl{HOCTH, BbIpa6aTbIBaeMOH CHHXpOHHOH B3Y H OT,lI;aBae-
MOM B 3HeprOCHCTeMY, onpe,u;eJIHeTCH H3 COOTHonreHHH
P = 3 U I COsrp, (1.46)
I I
ilil l
11 1
III
I
iiiJ
I IIII
III
III
III
1;111111
I,ll
II,
'II
\il lill
IIII
IJ
1'1
II!IIIIII
lUll III
38
rnaBa 1. 06U1Me xapaKTepMCTMKM
BeTp03neKTpM"IeCKMX YCTaHoBoK
CornaCOBaHMe MOUlHocTeM BeTpoABMraTenR M reHepaTopa
npM nepeMeHHoM "IaCTOTe BpaUleHMR B3Y
39
HOMHHaJIbHOMY peJKHMY pa60TbI B3Y COOTBeTcTByeT TOqKa a'. TIpH 0 =
= const H IIepeMeHHOH CKOpOCTH BeTpa Bce pa60qHe TOqKH paCIIOJIaraIOTCH Ha
BepTlfKaJIbHOH nYHKTHpHOH IIpHMOH a'-d'. TIpH IIepeMeHHOH '1aCTOTe Bpar.u;eHHH
(0 Var) MOJKHO 06eCIIeqHTb pa60TY IIPH Bcex CKOpOCTHX BeTpa B TOqKaX,
6JIM3KO paCIIOJIOJKeHHbIX K MaKCHMaJIbHbIM (TO'lKH a, B, C H d). KaK BH.u;HO, IIPH
TaKOH pa60Te YBeJIH'-IHBaeTCH B uenOM MOIl{HOCTb, BbI.u;aBaeMaH BA, a 3HaqHT,
YBenHqHBaeTCH H. BbIpa60TKa 3JIeKTp03HeprHH, qTO II03BOJIHeT 60JIee 31jJ1jJeK-
rHBHO HCIIonb30BaTb BeTpoIIOTeHuHaJI MeCTHOCTH. HaIIpHMep, npH OHOM= const
Ii v = 7,5 WC (TOqKa d I ) MOllIHOCTb YJKe IIpaKTHqeCKH paBHa Hymo, TaK KaK IIPH
o Var 3Ta MOIl{HOCTb COCTaBJIHeT IIOqTH 25% OT HOMHHaJIbHOH B3Y.
TIpH 113MeHeHHH HarpY3KH 11
v = const pa60Ta IIpOHCXO.u;HT IIO P/p.o.
0)\110" 113 xapaKTepHCTHK - aa',
1111', CC' 11JI11 dd'. IIp11 3TOM C
YMClIbIIleHHeM P B03paCTaeT 'Iac-
1 ° I <I npaIl{eH11H O. JJ:JIH 06/,IqIl0l'0.
1I,lIIpllMep, CHHXPOIIIH)J'O I'ClIcpa-
ropa II L\emiX oGCCflC'll'mUI 110)\-
)I,ql)IGIIIIISI 'laC 1'0 1'1.1 UI.IXO)\IIOrO
1I,IIIpmKCIIIIH II 3<11\.\111'101'1( IIpc)\e-
JI:I,( I pdiycrcsi )\OC'I:II'O'IIiO CJIO)l(-
IIIll' Pl'l YJlllpOII;\lIIII' yrml 1I01i0pO-
III 1lIllIlIl'Il'ii, ""\ 1<:11\ IIpll n Var
11II'"t' pt'l Y 1111 pllll:lll IIC no06llIe He
1)"'''\ '1 C)I IIJ111 '\OC r IJ'O'IiIa rpy6aH
1"'1 y.ll II 1'0"1<.1 IIY1CM nOBOpOTa no-
11II1'1l'i1 OIIIOCIi rCJlbliO npo.u;onbHbIX oceH.
I al<IIM 06pa30M, )!;JIH YCTaHOBOK He60nbruoH MOllIHOCTH MOJKeT 6bITb
IR'CIoM.1 IIcpcneKTHBHOH CHCTeMa, COCTOHIl{aH H3 3neKTpHqeCKHX MaruHH IIepe-
Ml'IIIIOI'O TOKa 11 TpaH3HCTOpHbIX HJIM THpHCTOpHbIX npe06pa30BaTeJIeH qaCTO-
'hi, IIpliBOil11MbIX BeTpo.u;B11raTeneM, pa60TaIOIl{HM C IIepeMeHHOH qaCTOTOH
IIpall\eIIHH. TaKoe TeXHUqeCKOe penreHHe .u;aeT B03MO)l<HOCTb 3HaqHTenbHO CHU-
1111'1, CT011MOCTb B3Y B UeJIOM.
Pa3B11BaeMaJJ reHepaTOpOM 3neKTpOMarHHTHaH MOIl{HOCTb .u;OJIJKHa YBe-
.1II1"UBaTbCH C pOCTOM CKOpOCTH BeTpa v TOJIbKO .u;o TOqeK d, c, B, a, rile OH Ha-
'1llilaeT BbIpa6aTbIBaTb HOMHHanbHYIO MOIl{HOCTb, a BJJ: pa3BHBaeT MeXaHHqe-
CI<YIO MOllIHOCTb, COOTBeTCTBYIOIl{YIO HOMHHanbHOH CKOpOCTH V HOM BeTpOBoro
1I0TOKa. IIOCKOJIbKY .u;OIIYCTHMaH 3neKTpOMarHHTHaH MOIl{HOCTb reHepaTopa B
061l eM cnyqae kOHeqHa, IIpH .u;anbHeHIlleM YBenHqeHHH CKOpOCTH BeTpoBoro
IIOTOKa MOllIHOCTb BeTpo.u;BHraTeJIH .u;OJIJKHa 6bITb OrpaHHqeHa ypOBHeM PHOM C
yrJlOBOH CKOpOCTbIO BpallIeH11H WHOM C perYJIHpOBaH11eM yrJIa YCTaHoBK'H JIOIIa-
OIIbIT 3KcnnyaTaUHH reHepaTopOB C nOCTOHHHbIMH MarHHTaM11 IIOKa3an,
qTO OHH 06JIa,ll;aIOT OIIpe.u;eneHHbIM IIpeHMYllIeCTBOM IIO cpaBHeHHIO C paCCMOT-
peHHbIMH CHCTeMaMH B '1aCTH 06eCIIeqeHHH BbICOKoro KII , HO 3TO peaJIH3yeT-
CH B OCHOBHOM B B3Y MaJIbIX MOIl{HOCTeH.
B3Y C aCHHxpOHHbIM reHepaTopOM C ljJa3HbIM pOTOpOM 06eCIIeqHBaeT
OT60p 3JIeKTpOMarHHTHOH MOIl{HOCTH KaK co CTOpOHbI CTaTopa, TaK H co CTOpO-
HbI pOTopa. TIpH IIo.u;KJIIO'IeHHH CTaTopa K 3HeprOCHCTeMe B peJKHMe reHepHpO-
BaHHH 3JIeKTpOMarHHTHaJJ MOllIHOCTb 6y.u;eT HeIIocpe.u;CTBeHHO IIOCTYIIaTb OT
Hero B 3HeprocHcTeMY C qaCTOTOH ceTH. ECJIH npH pa60Te aCHHxpOHHOH B3Y
pOTOp aCHHxpOHHoro reHepaTopa 3aMKHYT HaKopOTKO, TO B KaCKa,lI;HOM BapHaH-
Te OH .u;OJIJKeH coe.u;HHHTbCH C IIpe06pa30BaTeJIbHOH cxeMOH, YBenHqHBaIOIl{eH
IIonHoe conpOTHBneHHe ueIIH pOTopa, qTO paCnrHpHeT pa60'lHH .u;HaIIa30H qac-
TOT Bpar.u;eHHH B IIpe.u;eJIaX no < np :-::: 2nD (3.u;ecb no - CHHXpOHHaH qaCTOTa
Bpar.u;eHHH, np - qaCTOTa Bpar.u;eHHH pOTopa Ar).
TOK IIepeMeHHoH aMIIJIMry.u;bI H qaCTOTbI, reHepHPyeMbIH pOTOpOM aCHH-
XpOHHOH ManrHHbI, nOCJIe peryJIHpyeMoro BbIIIpHMHTeJIH .u;OJIJKeH IjJHnbTpO-
BaTbCH )!;JIH CHHJKeHHH rryJIbCaUHH TOKa H BbIcnrHX rapMOHHqeCKHX COCTaBnHIO-
IIIHX B KpUBOH HaIIpHJKeHHH IIOCJIe BbIIIpHMHTeJIH H HHBepTopa.
1.8. COrJIaCOBaHHe MO HocTeii BeTpo,/J,BHraTeJlH H reHepaTopa
npH nepeMeHHoii -.aCTOTe Bpa eHHH B3Y
KaK OTMeqaJIOCb BbInre, IIPH npoeKTHpOBaHHH B3Y He06xo.u;HMO 06ec-
IIeqHTb YCTOHqHByro pa60TY YCTaHOBKH BO BceM .u;HaIIa30He paCqeTHbIX CKOpO-
CTeH BeTpa. B KaJK,lI;OH TOqKe MeXaHHqeCKOH xapaKTepHCTHKH B3Y He06xo.u;H-
MO HMeTb paBeHCTBO MOIl{HOCTeH BeTpo.u;BHraTeJIH H reHepaTopa. B II.l.2 6bmo
IIOKa3aHO, qTO MeXaHHqeCKaJI MOIl{HOCTb B.D. OIIpe.u;eJIeHHbIM 06pa30M 3aBHCHT
OT CKOpOCTH BeTpa H qaCTOTbI Bpar.u;eHHH, IIpHqeM KaJK,lI;OH CKOpOCTU BeTpa v
IIPH oIIpe.u;eneHHoH yrnoBoH qaCTOTe Bpar.u;eHHH COOTBeTCTByeT MaKCHMYM Pa3-
BHBaeMOH BeTpo.u;BHraTeJIeM MeXaHHqeCKOH MOIl{HOCTH (PHC. 1.23).
3neKTpOMamHTHaH MOIl{HOCTb reHepaTopa B 06Il{eM cnyqae TaKJKe HB-
JIHeTCH IjJYHKIJ;HeH qaCTOTbI Bpar.u;eHHH pOTOpa, a TOqKa pa60qero peJKHMa B3Y
Haxo.u;HTCH Ha IIepeCe'leHHH .u;BYX xapaKTepHcTHK. 3TOH TOqKOH oIIpe.u;eJIHeTCH
BbIpa6aTbIBaeMaH 3JIeKTpoMarHHTHaH MOIl{HOCTb 3a BbIqeTOM IIOTepb B reHepa-
TOpe.
PeaJIbHaH pa60Ta B3Y MaJIOH MOIl{HOCTH npH IIepeMeHHoH qaCTOTe Bpa-
Il{eHHH H CKOpOCTH BeTpa IIpe.u;cTaBJIeHa Ha pHC. 1.23, r.u;e IIocTpoeHbI B OTHOCH-
TeJIbHbIX e.u;HHHuax MeXaHHqeCKHe xapaKrepHcTHKH B.D: - 3aBHCHMOCTb MOIl{-
HOCTH P OT yrJIOBOH qaCTOTbI BpallIeHHH pOTopa 0 IIPH peanbHbIX CKOpOCTHX
BeTpa v B ,lI;HaIIa30He OT 7 .u;o 22 M/c.
flHHeHHaH qaCTb Bcex xapaKTepHcTHK ( JIMHH11 a-a', B-B', c-c', H d-d') co-
oTBeTcTByeT pa60qeH (ycTomHBoH) '1aCTH MeXaHHqeCKHX xapaKTepHCTHK.
1.0
wi WUOM
0,5
o
0,5
PHC. 1.23. MeXaHH'IeCKHe xapaKTepHcTHKH
BeTpO.llBHraTeJIH npH pa3JIH'IHbIX CKOpOCTHX
BeTpa (nYHKTHp - 0)"= const, CnJIOIIIHbIe JIH-
HHH - 0)- Var)
I
I;
,
I'
1 111
I'
ill
40
rnaBa 1. 06U1Me xapaKTepMCTMKM
BeTp03neKTpM"IeCKMX YCTaHoBoK
CornaCOBaHMe MOUlHOCTeM BeTpo,QBMraTenR M reHepaTopa
npM nepeMeHHoM "IaCTOTe BpaUleHMR B3Y
4]
CTeH. ,ZJ;JIH 06eCIIeqeHHH YCTOHqHBOii pa60TbI B3Y reOMeTpHqeCKOe MeCTO pa-
60qHX TOqeK .u;OJIJKHO neJKaTb Ha Kp11BOH d-c-B-a, IIpe.u;CTaBnHIOIl{eH C060H reo-
MeTpHqeCKOe MeCTO MaKCHMYMOB ceMeHCTBa MeXaHHqeCKHX xapaKTepHCTHK
B3Y IIPH Pa3JIHqHbIX CKOpOCTHX BeTpOBoro IIOTOKa. ECllI1 BbI6HpaTb' 3neKTpH-
qeCK11H reHepaTOp .u;JIH pa60TbI B TOqKaX d, c, B, a, T.e. B TOqKax xapaKTepH-
CTHK, COOTBeTCTBYIOIl{HX MaKCHMaJIbHO B03MOJKHOH pa3BHBaeMOH MeXaHHqe-
CKOH MOIl{HOCTH BJJ:, TO HCHO, qTO B TaKOM peJKHMe BJJ: 6y.u;eT pa60TaTb He3Ha-
qHTeJIbHOe BpeMH. B pe3ynbTaTe 3JIeKTpHqeCKaH MaruHHa 6y.u;eT HCIIOJIb30BaTb-
CH He31jJljJeKTHBHO B IIo.u;aBJIHIOIl{eH QaCT11 Bcero cpOKa 3KCIIJIyaTal{HH B3Y 113-
3a HH3KHX 3HaQeHHH K031jJIjJHl{HeHTa HarpY3KH.
YrJIOBbIe CKOpOCTH BpaIl{eHHH BeTpo.u;BHraTeJIeH CYIl{eCTBYIOllIHX KOHCT-
PYKl{HH B3Y JIeJKaT B ,lI;HaIIa30He 25...300 06/MHH, npHQeM MeHbnme 3HaqeHHH
COOTBeTcTBYIOT 60JIee MOIl{HbIM YCTaHOBKaM. YrJIOBbIe CKOpOCT11 BpaIl{eHHH
pOTOpOB cOBpeMeHHbIx 3neKTpH'IecKHx MaIIIHH xapaKTepH3YIOTCH .u;HaIIa30HOM
750...1500 06/MHH. Cne.u;oBaTenbHo, ,lI;AA CornaCOBaHHH MOIl{HOCTeii BJJ: H
3JIeKTpHqeCKOrO reHepaTopa npej[()J;e Bcero He06xo.u;HMO HCIIOJIb30BaTb Mynb-
THnJIHKaTOp C IIepe.u;aTOqHbIM OTHOllieHHeM IIoPMKa 5...30. IIpHMeHeHHe Ha
B3Y, IIpeJK,lI;e Bcero 60JIbIIIOH MOIl{HOCTH, THXOXO.u;HbIX 3JIeKTpHqeCK11X reHe-
paTopoB co CKOpOCTHMH BpaIl{eHHH Toro JKe IIopH.u;Ka, qTO H CKOpOCTH BpaIl{e-
HHH BJJ:, Hel{eneco06pa3Ho KaK C TeXHHqeCKOH, TaK H C 3KOHOMHqeCKOH TOqKH
3peHHH, a C03.u;aHHe H 3KcIInyaTal{HH BbICOKOCKOpOCTHbIX KOHCTPYKUHH BJJ:,
oc06eHHo .u;nH B3Y cpe.u;HeH 11 60JIblliOH MOIl{HOCTH, He6e30IIacHo IIO co06pa-
JKeHHHM 06eCIIeqeHHH JKeCTKOCTH, IIPOQHOCTH H IIpe.u;oTBpaIl{eHHH B03MOJKHbIX
MeXaHHQeCKHX pe30HaHcoB. TI03TOMY IIpaBHJIbHbIH BbI60p OIIT11MaJIbHOrO ne-
pe.u;aTOQHOrO OTHOIlleHHH MYJIbTHIIJIHKaTOpa i 06eCIIeQHBaeT 60JIee 31jJIjJeKTHB-
Hoe COrJIaCOBaHHe MOIl{HOCTHbIX xapaKTepHCTHK BA H 3neKTp11qeCKOrO reHepa-
Topa B lliHpOKOM lIHaIIa30He CKopOCTeH BeTpa.
C 3HepreTHqeCKOH TOQKH 3peHHH .u;JIH COrJIaCOBaHHH paCCMOTpeHHbIX
MOIl{HOCTHbIX xapaKTepHCTHK He06xo.u;HMO COOTBeTCTBYIOllIHM 06pa30M pery-
nHpOBaTb nH60 MOIl{HOCTb B036YJKlIeHHH 3JIeKTpHqeCKOrO reHepaTopa, JIH60
yrJIbI YCTaHOBKH JIOnaCTeH, nH60 yrnbI YCTaHOBK11 THpHCTOpOB BbIIIpHMHTeJIH H
HHBepTopa. JJ:pyrHMH cIIoc06aMH .u;06HTbCH BbICOKOH 31jJIjJeKT11BHOCTH pa60TbI
B3Y CJIOJKHO.
TaKHM 06pa30M, Ha npe06pa30BaHHe 3HeprHH BeTpa B 3JIeKTp11qeCKYIO
CJIe.u;yeT cTporo cornaCOBbIBaTb MOllIHOCTHbIe xapaKTepHCTHKH BeTpo.u;B11raTenH
H 3JIeKTpHQeCKOrO reHepaTopa, yqHTbIBaTb peJKHMbI 3KCIIJIyaTal{HH B3Y H 06-
Il{HH KIIJJ: 3neKTpHqeCKoro reHepaTopa H TpaHCMHCCHH llMex. TIpH 3TOM, IIPH-
HHMaH, qTO OnTHMaJIbHbIH KIIJJ: MOJKeT .u;OCTHraTb BeJIHqHHbI 110611\ = llrllMex ""
"" 0,855, MOJKHO IIOCTpOHTb KpHBbIe rapaHTHpoBaHHoH 3JIeKTpOMarHHTHOH
MOIl{HOCTH IIPH .u;OCTHJKeHHH reHepaTopoM HOMHHaJIbHOH MOllIHOCTH P HOM np11
CKOpOCTH BeTpa V HOM ' TIpH 3TOM P HOM IIo.u;.u;epJKHBaeTCH IIOCTOHHHOH IIPH YBe-
JIHqeHHH CKOpOCTH IIYTeM perYJIHpOBaHHH peJKHMa pa60TbI 3a CqeT yrJIa YCTa-
HOBK11 JIOIIaCTeH H YIIpaBJIeHHeM THpHCTOpOB BbIIIpHMHTeJIH H HHBepTopa.
JJ:JISI IIpHMepa paccMoTpHM COrJIaCOBaHHe MOllIHocTeH HarpY3KH H BeTpo-
KOJIeCa BJJ: IIPH pa60Te C aBTOHOMHbIM aCHHXpoHHbIM reHepaTopoM C IIepeMeH-
Hoii CKOpOCThIO n = var, HMeIOllIero B KaqeCTBe HarpY3KH l{eHTp06e)I(JIbIH IIO-
rpYJKHOH Hacoc.
B arperaTe MOIl{HOCTbIO 0,5 KBT BeTpOKOJIeCO YCTaHaBJIHBaeTCH Heno-
cpe.u;cTBeHHo Ha Ban reHepaTopa. B arperaTe MOIl{HOCTbIO 2 KBT reHepaTop
npHBo.u;HTCH BO BpaIl{eHHe qepe3 MyJIbTHIIJIHKaTOp TaKHM 06Pa30M, qTO npH
qaCTOTe BpallIeHHH KOJIeCa 335 06/M11H qaCTOTa BpaIl{eHHH reHepaTopa paBHa
1500 06/MHH.
Ha OCHOBaHHH .u;aHHbIX 3aBo.u;a "BJIa,ll;HM11p IfJIbHq" B Ta6JI. 1.4 H 1.5
np11Be.u;eHbI 3HaqeHHH 'IaCTOTbI BpallIeHHH H MOIl{HOCTH BeTpoKoneca ,lI;JIH arpe-
!'aTOB MOllIHOCTbIO 0,5 H 2 KBT COOTBeTCTBeHHO:
Ta6nHl{a 1.4
II",,, OO/MIIII 150 400 750 780 820
I' Idll 0.05 0.2 05 0,6 0.6
Ta6nHl{a 1.5
ll uK ,06/MHH 90 150 335 370 380
I',K13T 0.15 0,6 2 2 2
II AI , 06/M11H 403 672 1500 1657 1701
113 Ta6n. 1.4, 1.5 H pHC. 1.24 BH,u;HO, qTO qaCTOTa BpallIeHHH reHepaTopa
Ii IMeHHeTCH B ru11pOKHX npe.u;eJIax. B TeXHHqeCKOM 3a,ll;aHHH oroBopeHbI HaH-
MCHblliaH (375 06/M11H) H HaH60JIblliaH (1l00 06/M11H) BeJIHQHHbI qaCTOTbI Bpa-
ILl.CIHUI reHepaTOpa MOIl{HOCTbIO 0,5 KBT H 750 H 1700 06/MHH COOTBeTCTBeHHO
.u;JIH reHepaTopa MOIl{HOCTbIO 2 KET. B KaQeCTBe HOMHHaJIbHOH qaCTOTbJ BpaIl{e-
H11H reHepaTopa, 06eCneqHBaIOllIeH QaCTOTY IIepeMeHHoro TOKa 50 rl{, B Tex-
H11'IeCKOM 3a,ll;aHHH YKa3aHbI 750 06/MHH ,lI;nH reHepaTopa 0,5 KBT H
1500 06/MHH ,lI;nH reHepaTopa 2 KBT.
HaHMeHblliaH MOllIHOCTb (CM. pHc.1.24), pa3BHBaeMaH BeTpoKonecoM IIPH
HaHMeHbrueH qaCTOTe BpaIlleHHH, COCTal3JIHeT .u;JIH B3Y 0,5 KBT - 0,19 KBT, .u;JIH
B3Y 2 KBT - 0,75 KBT. HaH60JIblliaH pa3BHBaeMaH MOIl{HOCTb paBHa, COOTBeT-
CTBeHHO, 0,5 H 2 KBT. TaKHM 06Pa30M, MOllIHOCTb, pa3BHBaeMaH KoneCOM, H3-
MeHHeTCH BeCbMa cYIl{eCTBeHHo: B 2,8 pa3a.u;JIH KOJIeCa 0,5 KBT H B 2,7 pa3a ,lI;nH
KOJIeCa 2 KBT. 3T0 06CTmITeJIbCTBo BblHYj[()J;aeT npe)J;'bHBJIHTb K HarpY3Ke B3Y
onpeL\eJIeHHOe Tpe60BaHHe, a HMeHHO: HarpY3Ka .u;OJIJKHa nOTpe6JIHTb IIepe-
MeHHYIO MOllIHOCTh, cornacoBaHHYIO C MOIl{HOCTbIO BeTpOKOJIeca. TIOCKOJIbKY
II
! I
1\,
I
II
III
1 1111
II I
II
,I
'I,'
II!'
I
11:11
II Ii III
I:::I!
,II II
1'11"
III1
1111:1111
II
1111111
1 1 ;11 '
II 1 I'1,
1IIIIIi i
I!IIII.
42
rnaBa 1. 06U1Me xapaKTepMCTMKM
BeTp03neKTpW'jeCKMX YCTaHoBoK
Knaccbl B3Y.M MX CTPYKTYPHble cxeMbl
43
1,6
r /'
J /2
V
1 fr-l
,i, c7
P,KBT
2,0
1,2
0,8
0,4
o
200
600
1000
1400 n,06IMUH
PIIC. 1.24. 3aBllcIIMoCTII MO HOCTII OT 'Iac-
TOTbI Bpa eHIIH BeTpOKOJIeCa "Pll pa:JJIII'I-
HbIX YCJIOBIIHX: 1 - BempOKOJleCO 0,5 KBm; 2
- BempOKOJleCO 2,0 KBm; 3 - aCllllxpollllblU
zellepamop 2,0 KBm
1.9. KJIaCCbI B3Y H ox crpYKTYpHble cxeMbI
Pa3nHqaIOT TPH KJIacca BeTp03JIeKTpHqeCKIfX YCTaHOBOK B 3aBHCHMOCTH
OT Ha3HaqeHHH H ycnoBHH HX pa60TbI IIO OTHorueHHIO K 3HeprOCHCTeMe, K KO-
TOpOH OHH no.u;KJIIOqeHbI, H cIIoc06a YIIpaBJIeHHH (Ta6JI. 1.6).
Knacc A: MOIl{HOCTb BeTp nneKTporeHepaTopa B 3HeprocHcTeMe HBJIHeT-
CH OIIpe,ll;eJIHIOIl{eH, TO eCTb P B 3Y MHoro 60JIbIlle MOIl{HOCTH Pc .u;pyrHx reHepa-
TOpOB CHCTeMbI.
Knacc
MOllIHOCTb
CreIIeHb
HarpY3KOH B3Y HBJIHeTCR l{eHTp06eJKHbIH Hacoc, TO TaKoe cornaCOBaHHe MOJK-
HO 06eCIIeq11Tb IIYTeM H3MeHeHHH qaCTOTbI BpaIl{eHHH Hacoca. KaK 113BeCTHO,
MOIl{HOCTb, IIoTpe6JIHeMaH HaCOCOM, IIpOIIOpl{HOHaJIbHa Ky6y qaCTOTbI BpaI)J;e-
HHH pa60qero Koneca Hacoca IinH 6JIH3Ka K TaKOH 3aBHCHMOCTH. TIpH qaCTOTe
IIepeMeHHoro TOKa 50 rl{ 11 qaCTO-
Te BpallIeHHH Hacoca 3000 06/MHH
ero MOIl{HOCTb He .u;onJKHa IIpeBbI-
IllaTb 0,15 KBT ,lI;nH B3Y 0,5 KBT H
0,5 KBT .u;JIH B3Y 2 KBT, T.e. qac-
TOTa BpallIeHHH Hacoca He .u;onJKHa
6bITb 60nee 3000 06/MHH. 3TOH
qaCTOTe BpaIl{eHHH COOTBeTCTByeT
qHCJIO nonIOCOB .u;BHraTenH, paBHoe
2.
qaCToTa IIepeMeHHoro TOKa,
BbIpa6aTbIBaeMOro reHepaTopoM,
coe.u;HHeHHbIM C KoneCOM B3Y,
IIpOIIOpl{HOHanbHa 'IaCTOTe Bpa-
Il{eHHSI' 3Toro KOJIeCa, a qaCTOTa
BpallIeHHH aCHHXpoHHoro .u;BHraTe-
nH, BpaI)J;aIOI)J;erO Koneco Hacoca,
IIpOIIOpl{HOHaJIbHa qaCTOTe m1TaIOllIero IIepeMeHHoro TOKa. qacToTa nepeMeH-
HOro TOKa 6y.u;eT H3MeHHTbCH B npe.u;enax OT 25 .u;o 73,3 rl{ B B3Y 0,5 KBT H OT
25.u;0 56 rl{ B B3Y 2 KBT. TIpH 3TOM qaCTOTa BpallIeHHH .u;B11raTeJIH Hacoca 6y-
L\eT H3MeHHTbCH OT 1500 06/MHH .u;o 4400 06/MHH B B3Y 0,5 KBT 11 .u;o
3340 06/MHH B B3Y 2 KBT, T.e. 6y.u;eT IIpeBbIruaTb 3000 06/MHH, a MOI)J;HOCTb,
nOTpe6JIHeMaH HaCOCOM, YBenHqHTCH.u;O 0,47 KBT B B3Y 0,5 KBT H.u;O 0,73 KBT
B B3Y 2 KBT. JJ:nH TOro, qT06bI orpaHII'lHTh qaCToTY BpallIeHHH Hacoca BeJIH-
qHHOH 3000 06/MHH IIPH YBenH'-leHHH qaCTOTbI BpallIeHHH reHepaTopa cBepx
HOMHHaJIbHOH, He06xo.u;HMO IIepeKnIOqHTb 06MOTKY .u;BHraTeJIH C .u;BYX IIonIOCOB
Ha qeTbIpe, IIocne qero qaCTOTa BpaI)J;eHHH .u;BHraTenH YMeHbllIHTCH B 2 pa3a.
TaKoe IIepeKJIIOqeHHe IIonIOCHOCTH MOJKHO IIpOH3BO.u;HTb IIPH .u;OCTHJKeHH11
.u;BHraTeJIeM qaCTOTbI BpallIeHHH 3000 06/M11H. Tor.u;a IIPH BepxHeM 3HaqeHHH
qaCTOTbI IIepeMeHHoro TOKa qaCTOTa BpallIeHHH Hacoca COCTaBHT 2200 06/M11H
,lI;nH B3Y 0,5 KBT If 1670 06/MHH )!;JIH B3Y 2 KBT, a MOI)J;HOCTb, IIotpe6nHeMaH
HaCOCOM, He IIpeBbICHT 3a,ll;aHHOrO 3HaqeHHH.
TaKHM 06Pa30M, ecnH B .u;aHHoH B3Y IIpHMeIDITb reHepaTop nepeMeHHo-
1'0 TOKa C IIo.u;KJIIOqeHHbIM K HeMY IIpHBO.u;OM Hacoca - aCHHxpoHHbIM .lIB11raTe-
neM, HMeIOI)J;HM 06MOTKY C IIepeKJIIOqeHHeM qHCJIa IIonIOCOB 2:4, MOJKHO 06ec-
IIeqHTb cornaCOBaHHe MOllIHOCTH HarpY3K11 C MOllIHOCTbIO BeTpOKOJIeca.
A
aBTOHOMHOCTH
P B 3Y » Pc ABTOHOMHaH B3Y
B
PlOY;::;: Pc napanneJIbHaH pa60Ta
B'3Y H .u;113eJIb-
I'CIICpaTOpa COI13Me-
11MOH MOI.l\HOCTIf
Pww « Pc CeTeBOH peJKHM pa60-
TbI B MOllIHOH 3Hepro-
CHCTeMe
(
Ta6JIHl{a 1.6
PeJKHM pa60TbI
H cnoc06bI n aBJIeHHH
lUaroM BeTpOKOJIeCa HJIH
6aJInaCTHOH Ha 3KOH
Pa3.u;eJIbHaH HnH COBMeCTHaH
pa60Ta B3Y H .u;H3enb-
reHepaTopa
lUarOM BeTpoKoneca, CHCTe-
MOH B036Yj[()J;eHHH, npe06pa30-
BaHHeM pO,ll;a TOKa, H3MeHeHH-
eM CKOnbJKeHHH aCHHxpOHHoro
reHe aTO a
K KJIaccy A OTHOCJlTCH aBTOHOMHble o.u;HoreHepaTopHbIe BeTpoycTaHoB-
KI1, He IIo.u;KJIIOqeHHbIe K 3HeprOCHCTeMe ,lI;nH IIapaJIJIenbHOH pa60TbI. MOIl{-
1I0CTb TaKHX BeTpOYCTaHOBOK HCIIOJIb3yeTcH ,lI;JIH OCBeIl{eHHH, 3JIeKTponHTaHHH
MaJIKOB, cpe.u;CTB CBR3H H .u;p. H, KaK npaBHJIO, He IIpeBbIruaeT 5 KBT. ECJIH 3Hep-
nlH TaKHX B3Y Hcnonb3yeTcH .u;JIH OTOIIneHHH, TO HX MOIl{HOCTb MOJKeT .u;OCTH-
raTb 20 KBT H 60JIee. B aBTOHOMHbIX B3Y HCnOJIb3YIOTCH 3neKTporeHepaTopbI
Pa3JIHqHbIX THnOB, qaIl{e Bcero MHOrOnOJIlOCHbIe reHepaTopbI C IIOCTOHHHbIMH
MamHTaMH, KJIaCCHqeCKHe CHHXpoHHbIe reHepaTopbI C HeCTa6HJIH3HpOBaHHbI-
MH H cTa6HnH3HpoBaHHbIMH 3JIeKTpHqeCKHMH IIapaMeTpaMH Ha BbIxo.u;e, aCHH-
XpoHHbIe reHepaTopbI C caMoB036Yj[()J;eHHeM liJIH BcnOMOraTeJIbHbIM B036YJK-
,lI;eHHeM H T.II. CTOHMOCTb TaKHX B3Y BO MHorOM 3aBHCHT OT BbI60pa CHCTeMbI
YIIpaBJIeHHH 3JIeKTpHqeCKHM reHepaTopoM. TIpH npocTeHIIIHx 3JIeKTpHqeCKHX
cxeMax HaIIpJlJKeHHe H qaCTOTa (B c.rryqae reHepaTopa nepeMeHHoro TOKa) Ha
BbIXo.u;e reHepaTopa 6Y)J;yT HecTa6HnbHbIMIf H HeCTaH.lIapTHbIMH, o.u;HaKO 3Hep-
lliH C YCIIexoM MOJKeT 6bITh YTHnH3HpoBaHa C IIOMOIl{bIO BblIIpHMHTeJIeH, 3neK-
TpH'IeCKHX aKKYMYJIHTOpOB H HarpeBarenbHbIx YCTpOHCTB. IIoTpe6HocTH B Ka-
qeCTBeHHoH 3JIeKTp03HeprHH co cTa6HnH3HpoBaHHbIMH IIapaMeTpaMH MOJKHO
06eCIIeqHTb IIpHMeHeHHeM TpaH3HcTopHbIX HnH THpHCTOpHbIX npe06pa30Bare-
dl 1 1
,,"
44
rnaBa 1. 06LL1Me xapaKTepMCTMKM
BeTp03neKTpW,jeCKMX YCTaHoBoK
Knaccbl B3Y M MX cTPYK"rypHble cxeMbl
45
1111
j!1
I :,llllil
I
I,ll
JIeH (HHBepTopoB), IIHTaeMbIX OT aKKYMYJIHTOpOB [133]. B pH,u;e CJIyqaeB MOJKHO
IIOJIyqHTb KaqeCTBeHHbIe IIapaMeTpbI BceH Bblpa6aTbIBaeMoH 3JIeKTp03HeprHH,
HCIIOJIb3YH nH60 MeXaHHqeCKOe YIIpaBJIeHHe JIOnaCTHMH BeTpoKoneca B l{eJIHX
cTa6HJIH3aIJ;HH qaCTOTbI ero BpallIeHHH, JIH60 3JIeKTp11qeCKOe YIIpaBJIeHHe. TIpH
3neKTpHqeCKOM YIIpaBneHHH IIOCTOHHCTBO qaCTOTbI BpallIeH11H BeTpOKOJIeCa
06eCIIeqHBaeTCH H3MeHeHHeM 3JIeKTpHqeCKOH HarpY3K11 Ha BbIXo,u;e reHepaTopa
(IIpHMeHeHHeM 6anJIaCTHOH HarpY3KH). TIp11 TaKOM cIIoc06e cTa6HJIH3al{11H
qaCTOTbI BpaIl{eHHH 3Hepr11H BeTpa HCIIOJIb3yeTcH 60JIee 31jJIjJeKT11BHO, IIOCKOJIb-
KY nOIIaCTH BeTpOKOJIeCa pa60TaIOT B OIITHMaJIbHOM peJKHMe, a IIpHMeHeHHe
cOBpeMeHHoro 3JIeKTpOHHoro 060py,u;oBaHHH ,u;eJIaeT 3TOT cIIoc06 60nee Ha-
,u;eJKHbIM H ,u;eIlleBbIM, qeM MeXaHHqeCKOe ynpaBJIeHHe [150, 137, 134,88].
JJ:JIH B3Y KJIacca B xapaKTepHbIM HBJIHeTCH IIpHMepHaH COpa3MepHOCTb
MOIl{HOCTeH B3Y H ,u;H3eJIb-reHepaTopa. TaKOH Bap11aHT 06bIqeH ,lI;nH JIOKanb-
HbIX 3HeprocHcTeM B OT,u;aJIeHHbIX 06JIaCTHx. B TaKHX CHCTeMax npHMeHeHHe
B3Y II03BonHeT C3KOHOMHTb ,u;H3eJIbHOe TOnJIHBO. YIIpaBneHHH reHepaTopaMH
H ,u;OCTHJKeHHH KaqeCTBa 3JIeKTp03HeprHH, BbIpa6aTbIBaeMoH B3Y, MOJKHO ,u;o-
6HBaTbcH TeMH JKe TeXHHqeCKHMH cpe,u;CTBaMH, qTO H B C11CTeMaX KJIacca A,
o,u;HaKO lInH IIonyqeHHH HaH60JIbllierO 3cpljJeKTa B03MOJKHO npHMeHeHIfe ,u;Pyr11x
peIlleHHH, OCHOBbIBaIOIl{HXCH Ha IIpHMeHeHHH CHCTeM aKKYMYJIHpOBaHHH 3Hep-
rHH (3JIeKTpHqeCKHe aKKYMYJIHTOpbI, BO,u;opo,u;HbIe IIpe06pa30BaTenH-
aKKYMYJIHTOpbI, rn,u;poaKKYMynHpYIOIl{He CTaHl{HH 11 ,u;p.) IIPH CBH3aHHOM
YIIpaBJleHHH B3Y, JJ:3C H CHCTeMaMH aKKYMYJIHpOBaHHH [116, 133,155,134].
Knacc C: B3Y IIOlIKJIIOqeHa K CHCTeMe HaMHoro 60nbllieH MOIl{HOCT11,
qeM caMa B3Y, pa60TaeT IIapaJIneJIbHO C 3TOH 3HeprocHcTeMoH H HOCHT Ha3Ba-
HHe ceTeBoH. 3TO 06JIaCTb CHCTeMHOH BeTp03HepreTHK11, T.e. 06JIaCTb KpynHo-
MaclliTa6Horo HCIIOJIb30BaHHH 3HeprHH BeTpa, KOTOpaH MOJKeT IIP11 COOTBeTCT-
BYIOIl{eM pa3BHTHH OKa3bIBaTb BnHHHHe Ha COCTOHHHe 3HeprenIqeCKOrO 6anaH-
ca BceH cTpaHbI. B 3TOM cnyqae l{eneC006pa3HO HCIIOJIb30BaTb B3Y 60nblliHx
e,u;HHHqHbIX MOIl{HOCTeH (OT 1 ,u;o 10 MBT), c06paHHbIX B BeTp03HepreT11qeCKHe
CTaHl{HH (B3C). JJ:JIH B3Y 3TOro KJIacca 060CTpHIOTCH Bce IIp06JIeMbI, IIO-
cKonbKY B3Y ,u;aHHoro KJIacca HMeIOT 60JIblliHe reOMeTpHqeCKHe pa3MepbI H
Maccy, a cne,u;OBaTenbHO, H HanpHJKeHHbIe peJKHMbI pa60TbI MeXaH11qeCKOrO
060py,u;oBaHHH. B 3TOM cnyqae 3neKTp03HeprHH B3Y HCIIOJIb3YeTCH HeIIocpe,u;-
CTBeHHO HJlH nOJIHOCTbIO IIo,u;aeTCH B 3HeprOC11CTeMY. IIpH CJIa60M BeTpe H B
6e3BeTpHe IIoTpe6HTenH cHa6JKaIOTCH 3JIeKTp03HeprHeH OT 3HeprocHCTeMbI.
HaH60JIee ,u;eIlleBbIM H, B03MOJKHO, 6e30IIacHbIM THIIOM BeTp03JIeKTpOreHepa-
Topa B 3TOM cJIyqae HBJIHeTCH aCHHxpoHHbIH reHepaTop IIepeMeHHoro TOKa,
IIo,u;KJIIOqeHHbIH HeIIocpe,u;cTBeHHo B 3HeprocHcTeMY H Be,u;oMbIH eIO. IIpH 3TOM
qaCTOTa BpaIl{eHHH BeTpoKoneca MOJKeT He 60nee qeM Ha 10% IIpeBbIlliaTb qac-
TOTY, cooTBeTcTBYIOIl{YIO HOM11HaJIbHOH qaCTOTe 3neKTpoCeTH. TIo ,u;aHHbIM CTa-
THCTHKH, OCHOBY cOBpeMeHHoH BeTp03HepreTHKH COCTaBJIHIOT B3Y KJIacca C,
pa60TaIOIl{He napanJIenbHO C 3HeprOCHCTeMOH. Ifx ,u;OJIH IIO MOllIHOCTH COCTaB-
JISieT CBbIllie 95 % OT cYMMapHoH YCTaHOBJIeHHOH MOIl{HOCTH B3Y. TIapaJI-
JleJIbHaH pa60Ta C ceTbIO ,u;aeT B03MOJKHOCTb YBenHqHBaTb e,u;HHHqHYIO MOIl{-
1I0CTb B3Y CHHJKaTb CTOHMOCTb 3neKTp03HeprHH, 06eCIIeqHBaeT He06xoL\H-
Moe KaqeCT O 3HeprHH H Ha,ll;eJKHOCTb 3JIeKTpOCHa6JKeHHH nOTpe6HTeJIeH [133].
nOCKonbKY BeJIHqHHa HaIIpHJKeHHH Ha 3mKHMax reHepaTopa Hero 3neKTpHqe-
CKaH 'IaCTOTa 3a,ll;aIOTCH: ceTbIO, MOJKHO cYIl{eCTBeHHO CHH3HTb Tpe60BaHHH K
ynpaBJIHeMOCTH reHepaTopa H PYKOBO,u;CTBOBaTbCH: KpHTepHHMH BbIC KOH Ha-
jICJKHOCT11 H 3KOHOMHqHOCTH, MHHHMaJIbHbIMH l'a6apHTaMH H MaCC011, MHHH-
MaJlbHOH CTOHMOCTbIO IIpOH3Bo,u;CTBa H 3KCnJIyaTaIIHH Ar. 3THMH CBOHCTBaMH
o(iJialIaIOT aC11HXpOHHbIe reHepaTopbI C KOpOTK03aMKHYTbIM pOTOpOM, KOTopbIe
110 YKa3aHHbIM IIOKa3aTeJIHM CYllIeCTBeHHO JIyqllie Tpa,ll;Hl{HOHHbIX CHHXpOHHbIX
I'CIIcpaTopOB. TIp11MeHeHHe ,u;BYX- HJIH TpeXCKopOCTHOH 06MOTKH CTaTopa Ar
jlaCT II03MOJKIIOCTb 3Ha'IIUenbHO paClliHpJlTb )l;HaIIa30H pa60qHX qaCTOT BpallIe-
IIml 113 (i31C CYIlICcTRylOlUero IIp0113BOlICTBa aCHHxpOHHbIX ,u;BHraTeJIeH npH He-
1\0 IOpOM IIIMCIICIII....1 UX ,)JlCKTp11'ICCK11X napaMeTpOB.
('rPYluyplII.IC CXCMhl B3Y H PC}J<HMbI HX pa60Tbi B Knaccax A, B H C
I'" 11111'1111.1. Ilpll p.ICCMOTPCIIIIII KOIICTPYKTHBHblX cxeM pa3JIHqaIOT THII BeTpo-
)111111 IICJUI, CIIOCOO Yllp3IIJICIIHSI HM B pa60'I11x 11 nycKoBbIX peJKHMaX, THIIbI
j'0pMO IIln H PCjlYKTOpa (MY.1lbTHllnHKaTopa), THII 3neKTpHqeCKOrO reHepaTopa,
dIOCO(i Yllpan.1lCIIHSI 11M B pa60qeM H IIYCKOBOM peJKHMax. TIo KaJK,lI;OMY H3 YKa-
IIIIIIIhlX JJlCMCIITOB He06xo,u;HMO c,u;enaTb OIITHMaJIbHbIH BbI60p Ha OCHOBe
cpallllii rCJILIIOrO aHan113a B03MOJKHbIX BapHaHTOB. TaK, ,lI;nH YCTaHOBOK Knacca
1\ II n, (I'YIIKII110HHPYIOI.l\11X B aBTOHOMHOM peJKHMe HJIH IIapaJIneJIbHO C Tpa,ll;H-
1111I1I1II1.IMI1 liCTO'lIIHKaMH 3HepniH,
IICJICjlCTllIlC IICJIHllcihlOCTH 11 HeCTa-
1III00lapilOCTil IIO.1lhT-aMflcpHbIX xapaK- Bn
ICpIlCT11K U3Y rpc6yeTcH 11CIIOnb30Ba-
lIIiC CIICI.\11aJl11311pOBaHHbIx nonYIIpo-
nOJ\II11KOBhlX IIpe06pa30BaTeneii:, 06ec-
IIC'IHLlalOllI11X cTaH,u;apTHbIe IIapaMeTpbI
KlI'lCCTBa 3JIeKTpHqeCKOH 3HeprHH [134,
H9].
B HaCTOHIl{ee BpeMH, KaK OTMeqa-
lllICh, HaH60JIblliee pacnpocTpaHeHHe
IlonyqrrnH ropH30HTaJIbHO-OCeBbIe IIpO-
lIenJIepHbIe B3Y, HCIIOJIb3YIOIl{He
1I0,u;'beMHYIO CHJIY nonaCTH (CM.
p11c. 1.25). OHH CqHTaIOTCH 60JIee 31jJ-
)CKTHBHbIMH BBH,lI;Y BbICOKOro K031jJ1jJH-
II11eHTa HCIIOJIb30BaHHH 3HeprHH BeTpa
(C p = 0,35...0,45), HMeIOT ,lI;OCTaTOqHbIH
nycKoBoH MOMeHT 11 nerKO pacKpyqHBa-
III
I!
1:,111111
II
I1III11
,1 111 \\
I'I
I II
I'
..
Puc.1.25. CTPYKTYPH8H cxeM8 .-opu-
30HT8JJbHO-OCeBoii B3Y c nponeJJJ1e-
POM, pe YKTOpOM u 8CUHXPOHHbIM
reHep8TopOM
ill
,IJII
I
;)
'1'111
!jlill
I II1I
,..Iii
I
I
;' I !I!
,I
:1"
1 1 1111
, I II
,I
I
I
11111 111
II
III
I
:11
III!II!I
II!!I
111
1 'II
H
I \!I
11 1 1 II1
1111 I
46
rnaBa 1. 06LL1Me xapaKTepMCTMKM
BeTp03neKTpW'jeCKMX YCTaHoBoK
Knaccbl B3Y M MX CTPYKTypHble cxeMbl
47
IOTCH, BKJIIOqaHCb B pa60TY IIPH CKOpOCTHX BeTpa 3...5 M/c.
JJ:JIH 83Y, pa60TaIOIl{HX B aBTOHOMHOM peJKHMe, cYIl{eCTBYIOT pa3JIHq-
HbIe BapHaHTbI CTPYKTypHbIX cxeM. HaIIpHMep, Ha pHC. 1.25 1I306pa)KeH BeTpo-
.u;BHraTenb IIpOIIeJIJIepHOrO THIIa, co.u;epJKallIHH 06bIqHbIH MeXaHHqeCKHH pe-
)J;yKTOp (PJJ:) H aCHHxpoHHbIH reHepaTop C KOpOTK03aMKHYTbIM pOTOpOM. CHC-
TeMa B036YJK.u;eH11H eMKOCTHaH, perYJIHpyeMaH (ECB).
JJ:nH B3Y MaJIOH 11 cpe.u;HeH MOIl{HOCTH C IIpOneJInepHbIM BJJ: BeCbMa 31jJ-
ljJeKTHBHbIM OKa3bIBaeTCSI 11CIIOnb30BaHlie IIp11HU11IIa cTa611JIH3aU11H qaCTOTbI
reHepaTopa C IIpHMeHeHHeM aCHHxpoHHoro reHepaTopa C peryn11pyeMbIM eM-
KOCTHbIM B036YJKlIeHI1eM [88].
OnTHMH3auHH peJKHMOB eMKOCTHoro IIYCKa H KOMIIeHCaU1111 peaKT11BHOH
MOllIHOCTH Ai 06eCne'II1BaeTCH IIpaB11nbHbIM BbI60pOM rIapaMeTpoB KOH.u;eHca-
TOpHOH 6aTapeH (KE). BbIIIOJIHeHHe K5 Ha 6a3e BbIIIycKaeMbIx HanreH IIpO-'
MbInrneHHOCTbIO KOH.u;eHcaTopoB Ha IIOJIHIIpOIIHneHoBoH IIneHKe- C y.u;enbHoH
MaccoH m yA = 0,35 Kr/KBap 06ecneqHT MHHHManbHble ra6apHTbI H Maccy 3T11X
YCTpOHCTB [133, 88]. KpoMe 3Toro, B 3THX JKe 3HeproycTaHoBKax 60JIee BbICO-
KHH K031jJljJHUHeHT HCIIOJIb30BaHHH BeTpa, a CJIelIOBaTeJIbHO, H 60JIbnryIO BbIpa-
60TKY 3neKTp03HeprH11 3a CqeT paCnr11peH11H .u;HaIIa30Ha pa60qHX CKopocTeli
8JJ: MOJKHO IIonY'IHTb, HCIIonb3YH npe06pa30BaHlie 'mCTOTbI H np11MeHHSI aCIiH-
XpOHHbIH reHepaTop C BeHTHnbHbIM B036Yj[()J;eHlieM. B036Y)K.u;eH11e Ar 06ecIIe-
'IHBaeTCH TpaH311CTOpHbIM IIpe06pa30BaTeneM (TITP), BKJIIO'IeHHbIM Ha 3mKHMbI
06MOTKH cTaTopa. CHcTeMa Ar - TITP pa60TaeT B peJK11Me caMoB036Y)KlIeHHH 11
rIPH oIIpe.u;eneHHoM 3aKOHe YIIpaBJIeH11S1 TpaH311CTOpaM11 [133, 88] 06eCIIe'lHBa-
eT cTa611n113aUHIO HaIIpHJKeHHH Ha 3aJKHMaX IIOCTOHHHoro TOKa IITP IIPIi IIepe-
MeHHOH 'IaCTOTe BpallIeHHH Ar. AaJIbnre cTa6HJIbHOe HaIIpH)KeHHe IIOCTOHHHO-
1'0 TOKa C IIOMOIl{bIO CTaH.u;apTHoro IIpeo6pa30BaTeJISI 'IaCTOTbI IIpe06pa3YeTCH B
HaIIpHJKeH11e 3aL\aHHOH qaCTOTbI (06bIqHO 50 ru). TIpH HaJI11qHH B Ar 06MOTKH
cTaTopa Ha .u;Be IIOJIIOCHOCTH Ta-
KaH C11CTeMa MOJKeT 06eCIIe'IHTb
cTa611JIH3aUHIO HaIIpHJKemm 11
qaCTotbI Ha BbIXOlIe np11 BeCbMa
nr11pOKOM .u;Hana30He 113MeHeHHH
qaCTOTbI BpaIl{eHHH Bana Ar.
JJ:nH aBTOHOMHbIX 83Y C
BepTIiKanbHo-oCeBbIM11 BJJ:
( p11c.l.26) IIPH MOllIHOCTH .u;o
50 KBT nyqnrHM TaKJKe OKa3bIBa-
eTCH aC11HXpOHHbIH reHepaTOp C
BeHTHJIbHbIM B036YJK,lI;eH11eM 11
CTaH.u;apTHbIM IIpe06pa30BaTe-
neM qaCTOTbI. OL\HaKO B 3TOM
cnyqae K YKa3aHHOH CIiCTeMe .u;06aBJIHeTCH eIl{e aKKYMYJIHTOpHa5! 6aTapeH, C
IIOMOIl{bIO KOTOpOH OCYIl{eCTBJIHeTCH pa3roH B3Y L\O pa60qeH CKOpOCTH (CTap-
TepHbIH peJKHM Ar), a TaKJKe aKKYMYJIHpOBaHHe H36bITOqHOH 3HeprHH Ar IIPH
pa60Te Ha IIOBbIIlleHHbIX CKOpOCTHX BeTpa. YKa3aHHaH 83Y MOJKeT 06eCIIe'lHTb
n11TaH11e HarpY3KH KaK IIOCTOHHHbIM, TaK H IIepeMeHHbIM TOKaMH (pHc.l.26).
BeTp03neKTpOYCTaHOBKH BepTHKaJIbHO-OCeBoro THIIa IIpOCTbI H Ha,ll;eJK-
IIbI; y.u;06CTBO MOHTaJKa, 06cny)KHBaHHH H peMOHTa 060py.u;OBaHHH 06YCJIOBnH-
naIOT HX MHHHMaJIbHYIO CTOHMOCTb. 3TO KacaeTCH npej[()J;e Bcero B3Y MaJIOH H
cpe.u;HeH MOIl{HOCTH, pa60TaIOIl{HX B paHOHax C BbICOKHM BeTpOBbIM IIOTeHUHa-
JIOM npH paCqeTHOH CKOpOCTH BeTpa v B 2:1O WC. ABTOHOMHbIe BeTp03HepreTH-
'ICCK11e YCTaHOBKH, y.u;eJIbHbIH Bec KOTOpbIX B 06Il{eM 6aJIaHCe COCTaBJIHeT IIOKa
IIccro HeCKOJIbKO IIpoueHTOB, HMeIOT XOpOnryIO IIepCIIeKTHBY IIpHMeHeHHH B
fiy.n.YllIeM B CBH3H C OCTpbIM .u;eIjJHuHTOM 06bI'IHbIX 3HeprOHOCHTeJIeH, a TaKJKe
IIIITCnC11BHbIM pOCTOM KOnliqeCTBa ljJepMepCK11X X03HHCTB H HeB03MO)I(JIOCTbIO
II01lKJlIO'ICHHH Bcex BeTpOYCTaHOBOK K o6IueH CeT11.
Jl,ml IIITOIiOMII"IX B:JY npC) J,SIIIJI ICM"'C rpC60nall11S1 11 IIp11H11MaeMbIe
I'CXlIlI'lCCKlle pClIIcmUI 110 CTpYKl'ype B')Y MOlYI' cyll ecTRCilHO OTJIHqaTbCH OT
rex, IWTOPI,IC II'IJlo)ICnU,1 "1o,IIIC. ho Ofil.J1CIISlCrcSi reM, '11"0 B .u;anHOM cnyqae
Ipt'fIYCM:III I'()( 'I'IIM '11'1111'1111111 IIlIlIpmlCCIIHSI II 'JaCTOTbI HCTOqH11Ka 3HeprHH H
II" C'luhIlJII,IIOl"". III '1II) III(lI"')( IlIcIWOCIiCTeMoli, a .u;OJlJKHbI 6bITb 06eCIIeqeHbI
nll'l ('MUMII 1\111 oMa I II 'h'l'llOl 'II y"p lBneHIIH caMOH B3Y. AHaJIH3 IIoKa3bIBaeT,
'''lI 1111 IOIIUM " "II' II Y MO)I(I(O pa3.u;enlITb Ha .u;Be rpYIIIIbI IIO IIpHHUHny IIOny-
'10'",,,, 1II1111l1l1nM '1m 1<"101 11CTO'III11Ka:
1"':0' rn""II" IIII IICII 'IaCTOTbI, IIonyqaeMOH B reHepaTOpe B3Y;
'1", IIpcClI'pa'loIUIIIHCM IIepeMeHHOH qaCTOTbI, IIOJIyqaeMOH B reHepaTOpe,
1\ Ul umllYICI IIlII,; I OSlllllYIO 'JaCTOTY.
B )J IIX YCJlOIJIIHX .u;HaIIa30H B03MO)I(JIOrO HCIIonb30BaHHH pa3JIHqHbIX TH-
11011 "lJICICTpH'leCK11X reHepaTOpOB 3HaQHTeJIbHO paCIIIHpHeTCH. 3.u;eCb MOryT
""11'1. HCIIOJlb30BaHbI 06bIqHbIH CHHXpOHHbIH reHepaTOp C perYJIHpyeMbIM B03-
"Y>IC){CIIHCM (Cf); CHHXpOHHbIH reHepaTOp C B036Yj[()J;eHHeM OT IIOCTOHHHbIX
Mar JUHOB (CrTIM); aCHHxpOHH3HpOBaHHbIH reHepaTOp, B036YJK,lI;aeMbIH CO
C'lOpOIlbI pOTOpa IIepeMeHHOH aCTOTOH [44]. B CTPYKTYPy B3Y BXO.u;HT MYJIb-
fIIIIJIHKaTOp C IIepe.u;aTOqHbIM QHCnOM i = 10 - 90. B ropH30HTaJIbHO-OCeBbIX
1\ )Y 3T0 IIpHBO.u;HT, .u;a)Ke IIPH He60JIbIIIHX MOIl{HOCTHX, K He06xo.u;HMOCTH
IlpllMeHeHHH MHorOCTYIIeHqaTbIX l{HJIHH.u;pHqeCKHX MynbTHIInHKaTopOB, Macca
II C rOHMOCTb KOTOpbIX 3HaqHTenbHO BbInre, a KTIA IIepe.u;aqH cYllIecTBeHHo HH-
>KC, 'IeM y o,n;IIOcryIIeHqaTbIX. IIpHMeHHIOT TaKJKe llJIaHeTapHbIe H KOM6HHHpO-
IUlllIIble MYJIbTHllJIHKaTOpbI, y KOTOpbIX KIIJJ: eIl{e HHJKe. II03TOMY HMeIOT nep-
CIICKTHBY B3Y 6e3 MYJIbTHnJIHKaTOpa, B KOTOpbIX HCnOJIb3YIOT CHHXpoHHbIe
I'CilepaTopbI C IIOCTOHHHbIMH MarHHTaMH, .u;06HBaHCb IIOBbInreHHH 06Il{ero
KI1JJ:, YIIpOIl{eHHH H IIOBbInreHHH Ha,ll;eJKHOCTH B3Y.
TIpoIIenJIepHbIe B3Y Cpe)J;HeH H 60JIbIIIOH MOIl{HOCTH (P > 50 KBT) 06H-
1arenbHO .u;OJIJKHbI HMeTb CIIeUHaJIbHbIH MexaHH3M H3MeHeHHH yrna IIoBopOTa
CCTb
PHc.1.26. CTPYKTYPH8H cxeM8 B3Y C BepTH-
K8JIbHO-OCeBblM BeTp0JJ.BHr8TeJIeM
I"Ii
I
I ,
:111
I:D
II
" I I
I]
j
I
,I
,,'
I
j
II II!
1 1111
I
1"11
1II I
,I I
I! \11
I: I
111,1111
11"1
48
rnaBa 1. 06111Me xapaKTepMCTMKM
BeTp03neKTpW'jeCKMX YCTaHoBoK
49
rnaBa2.reHepaTopblnOCTORHHOrOTOKa
nOIIaCTeH BeTpOKOJIeCa B IIpouecce perYJIHpOBaHHH H cHcTeMY aBTOMaTHqeCKO-
1'0 YIIpaBneH11H 3T11M MexaHH3MOM, a TaKJKe MexaHH3M opHeHTaUHH rOH,u;OJIbI B
HaIIpaBJIeHHH BeTpa H cHcTeMY ynpaBJIeHHH HM (CM. , HaIIpHMep, aBToHoMHYIO
YCTaHoBKY KJIaCCa A , pa3pa60TaHHYIO B XAIf H oIIHcaHHYIO B rn.5).
B IIpHJIOJKeHHH ,u;aH 0630p CTPYKTypHbIX cxeM B3Y, peaJIH30BaHHbIx B
pa3JIHqHbIX cTpaHax. AHaJIH3 TeHlIeHIIHH pa3BHTHH BeTpOTeXHHK11 nOKa3bIBaeT,
qTO, HecMoTpR Ha CnOJKHOCTH, CBH3aHHbIe C qaCTbIMH H3MeHeHHHMH CKOpOCTH H
HaIIpaBneHHH BeTpa, IIpOH3BO,u;CTBO 3JIeKTp03HeprHH C HCIIOJIb30BaHHeM B3Y
IIOCTOHHHO B03pacTaeT 6naro,u;apH YCTaHoBKe Bce 60JIee cOBepnreHHbIx BeTpo-
arperaToB H YBeJIHqeHHIO 31jJljJeKTHBHoCTH IIpe06pa30BaH11H 3HeprHH BeTpa B
3JIeKTpHqeCKHX reHepaTopax.
KOHTpOJIbHble BonpocbI
1. Ha30BHTe rnaBHbIe HaIIpaBJIeHHH pa3BHTHH BeTp03HepreTHKH.
2. Ha30BHTe oCHoBaTeneH a3po,u;HHaMHQeCKOH TeOpHH BeTpHKoB.
3. TIpHBe,u;HTe ,u;aHHbIe IIO BeTpy ,u;JIH pa3HbIX perHoHoB.
4. Ha30BHTe OCHOBHbIe xapaKTepHCTHKH BeTpoBoro IIOTOKa.
5. TIpHBe,u;HTe COOTHonreHHH ,u;JIH pacqeTa pa60TbI BeTpoKOJIeca.
6. Ha30BHTe OCHOBHbIe xapaKTepHcTHKH BeTpOKOJIeca.
7. TIpHBe,u;HTe OCHOBHbIe xapaKTep11CTHKH BeTpo,u;B11raTenH.
8. Ha30BHTe MaKCHMaJIbHO B03MOJKHbIe H peaJIbHbIe 3HaqeHHH K031jJIjJHUH-
eHTa MOIl{HOCTH BeTpOKOJIeca.
9. Ha30BHTe OCHOBHbIe TlIIIbI BeTpo,u;BHraTeJIeH.
10. TIpHBe,u;HTe cooTHorueH11H ,lI;nH aIIIIpoKCHMaIJ;HH MOllIHOCTHbIX xapaKTe-
pHCTHK.
11. Ha30BHTe OCHOBHbIe THIIbI B3Y H HX OCHOBHbIe 3JIeMeHTbI.
12. TIpHBe,u;HTe COOTHonreHHH ,lI;nH MOllIHOCTH BeTpoKoneca.
13. HaIIHruHTe ypaBHeHHe MeXaHHqeCKOrO paBHoBecHH B3Y.
14. TIpHBe,u;HTe THnOBbIe cxeMbI reHepHpoBaHHH 3JIeKTp03HeprH11 B3Y.
15. If306pa3HTe IIpHHUHIIHaJIbHYIO cxeMY THpHCTOpHOH CM.
16. If306pa3HTe IIpHHU11IIHaJIbHyIO cxeMY C C IIOCTOHHHbIMH MarHHTaMH H
HHBepTopoM.
17. TIoHcHHTe IIPHHUHII COrJIaCOBaHHH MOIl{HOCTeH BeTpo,u;BHraTeJIH H reHe-
paTopa IIPH IIepeMeHHoH qaCTOTe Bpar.u;eHHH B3Y.
18. Ha30BHTe OCHOBHbIe KJIaCCbI B3Y.
19. If306pa3HTe CTPYKTYPHYIO cxeMY ropH30HTaJIbHO-OCeBoH B3Y.
20. If306pa3HTe CTPYKTYPHYIO cxeMY BeTpHKaJIbHO-OCeBoH B3Y.
21. 06Il{He TeXHHQeCKHe Tpe60BaHHH K 83Y.
22. Ha30BHTe cIIoc06bI cTa6HnH3aUHH QaCTOTbI Bpar.u;eHHH BeTpOKOJIeca.
23. KaKHe HarpY3KH ,u;eHcTBYIOT Ha KOHCTPYKUHIO B3Y B ueJIOM?
24. Ha30BHTe 3KOHOMHQeCKHe H 3KOnOrHQeCKHe IIpeHMYllIecTBa B3Y.
25. B03MOJKHbIe IIPHQHHbI BbIxo,u;a B3Y H3 CTpOH.
r JIaBa 2.
reHepaTopbI nOCTOBHHoro TOKa
2.1. 06WHe CBe....:eHHH 0 reHepaTopax nOCTOHHHoro TOKa
2.1.1. KOHCTPYKTHBHaH cxeMa MalUHHbl nOCTOHHHoro TOKa
OCHOBHble 'mCTH ManrHHbI IIOCTOHHHoro TOKa IIOKa3aHbI Ha KOHCTPYK-
1 unHOH cxeMe (PHC. 2.1) [96]. OHa COCTOIIT H3 ,u;BYX OCHOBHbIX QaCTeH: HeIIO,u;-
IIIDKHOH - CTaTopa H BpallIaIOIl{eHCH - HKOpH. CTaTOp ManrHHbI, B CBOIO oqe-
pcnb, COCTOHT H3 CTaHHHbI 1, cep,u;eqHHKOB rJIaBHbIX 4 H ,u;OIIOJIHHTenbHbIX IIO-
JIIOCOI3 16 C paCIIOnOJKeHHbIMH Ha H11X 06MOTKaMH 2, 3, 15. q11CJIO rnaBHbIX IIO-
JIlOCOB 3aB11C11T OT MOIl{HOCTH H QaCTOTbI BpaIl{eHHH MaruHHbI H KOJIe6neTCH OT
)\IIYX - 13 Manr11HaX MaJIOH MOr.u;HOCTH, qeTbIpeX-WeCT11 - B Manr11HaX cpe,u;HeH
MillI\1I0CTH, ,u;o HeCKOJIbK11X ,u;eCHTKOB - B O'lClib KPYllllblX ManIl1Hax.
I 2
"
1M
7
17
I'llc. 2.1. KOIICTPYKTHBH8H cxeM8 M8lIIHHbi nOCTOHHHoro TOK8:
I - /«If/"Yc (cmu"'lIIu); 2,3 - noc.neooBume.nbnuR U nupUJ1ne.nbnUR 06Moml<u
t""r..,':J'Ct)ellllR; 4 - CepOe.,II111< V!UBnozo nonwcu; 5 - 06Moml<u $11<01'$1; 6 - cep-
d"""111< $11<01'$1; 7 - I<onnel<mop; 8 - pblM-60nm; 9 - noomUnnlll<OBblii U{IIm (ne-
11t")IIIII;): 10 - l<op061<u BblBOOoB; 11 - mpuBepcu; 12 - U{emI<U; 13 - U{eml<o-
"t'I'""'"tI/"enb; 14 - noOmUnlllll<; 15 - 06Moml<u oononnume.nbllozo nonwcu; 16-
tI,'"Wlllltme.nb"blii nonwc; 17 - noomUnllUI<OBblii U{II'" (:luonuii),. 18 - BellmU-
!lNtI",p; 19-BUJI
(' rail 11 Ha BbIIIonHHeTCH H3 nHToH CTaJIH, cep,u;eQHHKH rnaBHbIX IIOJIIOCOB
(lhllpaIOTcH H3 OT,u;eJIbHbIX CTaJIbHbIX nHCTOB TOnIl{HHOH 1-2 MM, cep,u;eQHHKH
!\OIlOJIIIUTenbHbIX IIonIOCOB BbIllonHHIOTCH CTaJIbHbIMH MaCCHBHbIMH. KpenJIe-
III1C I'JIaIJllblX H ,u;OIIOJIHHTeJIbHbIX IIOJIIOCOB K CTaHHHe oCYIl{eCTBJIHeTCH 60JITa-
Mil. Iia I"JlaBHbIX IIOJIIOCaX pa3MeliiaIOTCH, KaK IIpaBHno, ,u;Be 06MOTKH B036YJK-
1\l'IIIIH: OI.:HOBHaH 3, IIo,u;KJIIOqaeMaH 11nH K ceTH, HnH IIapanneJIbHO 06MoTKe
50
rnaBa 2. reHepaTopbl nOCTORHHoro TOKa
06U1Me CBe,QeHMR 0 reHepaTopax nOCTORHHoro TOKa
51
---,
I
I
S'
__;.I
lI el'O B03)J;yxa B IIO}:(lli11IIHHKOBbIX llIHTax IIpe)J;ycMoTpeHbI oTBepcTHH, KOTopbIe
3aKpbIBaIOTcH 3allIHTHbIM11 KOJKyxaM11 C CeTKOH. OTBepcTHH B IIepe,u;HeM IIO,u;-
IlllinH11KOBOM Il{11Te CJIYJKaT TaKJKe,u;JIH oCMoTpa 11 06cnY)K11BaHHH KOJIJIeKTOpa H
lI\eTOqHOrO Y3na.
Coe,u;HHeHHe HKOpH C CeTbIO nOCTOHHHoro TOKa H 06MoTKaMH IIOJIIOCOB
oCYIl{eCTBJIHeTCH C IIOMOllIbIO Il{eTOK 12, YCTaHOBJIeHHbIX B llIeTKo,u;epJKaTeJIHX
13, KOTopbIe, B CBOIO O'Iepe,u;b, KpenHTcH Ha CIIeUHaJIbHbIX IIaJIbuax. TIaJIbUbI
JaKpennHIOTcH Ha TpaBepce 11, KOTopaH KpeIIHTcH K IIepe,u;HeMY no,u;ruHIIHHKO-
1I0MY llIHry HJIM K CTaH11He. B llIeTKo,u;epJKaTenHX npe)J;ycMaTpHBaeTcH B03-
MO}f(HOCTb perYJI11pOBaTb ,u;aBJIeHHe llIeTKIf Ha KOJIJIeKTOp IIP11 IIOMOIl{11 IIPY)KHH.
Ouu\ce KOJIHqeCTBO Il{eTOqHbIX IIaJIbueB paBHO qHCJIY nOJIIOCOB, IIpHqeM IIOJIO-
IIlIlIa 113 H11X I1MeeT IIOJIOJK11TeJIbHYIO IIOJIHpHOCTb, .u;pyraH - OTpHuaTeJIbHYIO.
LI CTOqHbIe rpYIIIIbI O,u;HOH IIonHpHOCTH coe,u;HHHIOTCR Me)K,ll;Y C060H C60PHbIMH
11111113MH. ll eTOqllblH Y3eJI ,lI;eJIHT 06MOTKY HKOpH Ha HeCKonbKO IIapanJIeJIbHbIX
IICTlIl:ii, 'I\1C.110 KOrophIX 3aB11C11T OT THIIa 06MOTKH H 06bIqHO 0603Ha'iaeTCH 2a.
('OCJlIIIICIIIIC Malll 11 II I.. C III1CILlIlCH LlenbIO OCYIl{eCTBJIHeTCH qepe3 Kop06-
I\Y IILlUlIJ OU 10, II KUroPUi-i pacnmlaraCTCH KneMMHaH nJIaTa C 0603HaqeHHHMH
11(01110)\1111 IICC>; OOMOTOK. ) JIH 1I0}:('bCMa 11 nepeMeIl{eHHH Maru11HbI B BepXHeH
'lac III CI<l11I1II1.1 ycrallallJII1BaeTCH pbIM-60nT 8. Ha Kopnyce CTaHHHbI KpeIIHTcR
lalOI{C ra6JIH<!Ka 3aBo,u;a-li3roTOB11TenH, Ha KOTOpOH YKa3bIBaIOTcH 06MOTOqHbIe
JlallllLIC Ii OCHOBHbIe IIapaMeTpbI MalliHHbI.
Cepbe3HbIM He,u;OCTaTKOM MalliHH IIOCTOHHHoro TOKa HBnHeTCH HX OTHO-
CIITCJlhllO BhICOKaH CJIOJKHOCTb H He,u;OCTaTOqHaH Ha,ll;eJKHOCTb Il{eTOqHO-
KO.1lJleKTOpHoro Y3na, Tpe6YIOIl{erO IIOCTOHHHoro 06cny)KHBaHHH.
O,u;Ha 11 Ta )Ke MalliHHa IIOCTOHHHoro TOKa MOJKeT pa60TaTb KaK B peJKlfMe
l'cllcpaTopa, TaK 11 B peJKI1Me ,u;B11raTenH, TO eCTb 06JIa,u;aeT CBOHCTBOM 06paTH-
MOCTI1, B reHepaTopHOM pe)KHMe 3HeprHH, IIO,u;Bo,u;HMaH K MalliHHe C BaJIa OT
IIpl1Bo,u;Horo }:(BHraTenH, npe06pa3YeTCH B 3JIeKTpHqeCKYIO, a B ,u;BHraTeJIbHOM
pCJKHMe OCYllIeCTBnHeTCR 06paTHoe npe06pa30BaHHe 3neKTpHqeCKOH 3HeprHH,
1I0,u;BO,u;11MOH OT CeT11 IIOCTOHHHoro TOKa, B MeXaHHqeCKYIO 3HeprHIO, nepe,u;a-
uaeMYIO HCIIOnHHTenbHOMY MexaHI13MY.
reHepaTopbI nOCTOHHHoro TOKa HCIIOJIb3YIOTCH Ha npaKTHKe B KaqeCTBe
pe3epBHbIx HCTOqHHKOB 3Hepr11H ,lI;nH 3apH)l;KH aKKYMYJIHTOpHbIX 6aTapeH, BXO-
,lI;HT B COCTaB 3neKTpOMalli11HHbIX 06paTHMbIX npe06pa30BaTeJIeH ,lI;nH CBH3H
C11CTeM IIepeMeHHoro 11 nOCTOHHHoro TOKOB H T.,u;.
II:
HKOpH, H ,u;oIIonHHTeJIbHaH 2, BKJIIOqaeMaH nOCJIe,u;OBaTenbHO B uellb HKOpH qe-
pe3 Il{eTKH. TaKJKe nocne,u;OBaTenbHO B uenb HKOpH IIo,u;KnIOqaeTCH 11 06MOTKa
15 ,u;OIIOJIHHTeJIbHbIX IIonIOCOB. Ha3HaqeHHe 06MOTOK B036Yj[()J;eHHH qIaBHbIX
IIOJIIOCOB, KaK 3TO CJIe,ll;yeT H3 HX Ha3BaHHH, - C03,u;aHHe OCHOBHoro MarHHTHOrO
IIOTOKa MaruHHbI. 06MOTKH ,u;OIIOJIHHTeJIbHbIX IIonIOCOB CJIYJKaT )!;JIH ynyqrue-
HHH YCJIOBHH pa60TbI KOnJIeKTOpa HnH, KaK rOBopHT, )!;JIH ynyqllieHHH KOMMYTa-
l{HH.
5£KOpb COCTOHT H3 MarHHTonpoBo,u;a, Ha3bIBaeMoro cep,u;eqHHKOM 6 HKO-
pH, 06MOTKH 5 HKOpH, YJIOJKeHHOH B IIa3bI cep,u;eqHHKa, KonneKTopa 7, K KOTO-
POMY IIo,u;KrrIOqaIOTCH BbIBO,u;bI 06MOTKH HKOpH H BaJIa 19, 06'be,u;HHHIOllIero Ha-
3BaHHbIe BbIllie 3JIeMeHTbI.
MarHHTonpoBo,u; Ha6HpaeTcH H3 naKHpoBaHHbIx nHCTOB 3JIeKTpoTeXHHqe-
CKOH CTaJIH TOnIl{HHOH 0,5 MM H HanpeccoBbIBaeTcH Henocpe}:(CTBeHHO Ha Ban
HnH IIPH 60JIblliHX ,u;HaMeTpax HKOpH - Ha UHJIHHL\pHqeCKYIO BTynKY. KOJIJIeK-
TOp COCTOHT 113 pH,u;a H30JIMpOBaHHbIX ,u;pyr OT ,u;pyra Me,u;HbIX KOJIneKTOpHbIX
IIJIaCTHH. OH c06HpaeTCH OT,u;enbHO H 3aTeM B c60pe HarrpeCCOBbIBaeTCH H BaJI
qepe3 H30nHpYIOIl{YIO BTYJIKY. 06MOTKa HKOpH BblIIonHHeTCH B B11,u;e OT,u;eJIbHbIX
ceKUHH, KOHUbI KOTOpbIX BIIaHBaIOTCH B CIIeWIaJIbHbIe BbICTYIIbI (IIeTYlliKH)
KOJIJIeKTOpHbIX IInaCTHH. TIpH nOMOIl{H KonneKTopa ceKUHH 06MOTKH coe,u;HHH-
IOTCH Mej[()J;y C060H nOCJIe,u;OBaTenbHO, 06Pa3YH 3aMKHYTYIO uellb. Pa3nHqaIOT
IIeTneBbIe 06MOTKH HKOpH, IIPH KOTOpbIX BbIBO,u;bI ceKUHH npHcoe,u;HHHIOT K CO-
ce,u;HHM KOnneKTOpHbIM IIJIaCTHHaM, a ceKUHH MeJK.u;y C060H coe,u;lfHHIOT Ha
KonneKTope (PHC. 2.2, a), H BOJIHOBbIe, y KOTOpbIX coe,u;HHeHHe BbIBO,u;OB ceKUHH
C KOJIJIeKTOpOM H coe,u;HHeHHe ceKUHH Mej[()J;y C060H oCYllIeCTBJIHeTCH KaK 6bI
BOJIHo06pa3Ho (PHC. 2.2, 6). qHcno KOnneKTOpHbIX IIJIaCTHH paBHo qHcny ceK-
UHH 06MOTKH.
I
a
Puc. 2.2. CoeJJ.uHeHue CeKl\UH ne-rJIeBOH (a) U BOJIHOBOH (0) OOMOTOK
2.1.2. fl>H3HQeCKHe npou.eccbI H COOTHomeHHH B reHepaTopax
nOCTOHHHoro TOKa
II
I
BpaIl{eHHe HKOpH B B03,u;YlliHOM IIpocTpaHcTBe MeJK.u;y IIOJIIOCaMH 06ec-
IIeqHBaeTCH IIO)l;llIHIIHHKOBbIMH Il{HTaMH 9 H 17 npH nOMOIl{H HaCaJKeHHbIX Ha
BaJI no,u;ruHnHHKoB 14. TIO,u;ruHIIHHKOBbIH llIHT 9, YCTaHoBneHHbIH co CTOpOHbI
KOJIJIeKTOpa, Ha3bIBaIOT IIepe,u;HHM. MeJK.u;y 3a)I;HHM IIO,u;lliHIIHHKOBbIM Il{HTOM
17 H cep,u;eQHHKOM Ha Bany HKOpH YCTaHaBnHBaeTcH KpbIJIaTKa BeHTHnHTOpa 18,
06eCIIeQHBaIOIl{aH OXna)K,u;eHHe reHepaTopa. AnH Bxo,u;a H BbIxo,u;a OXJIaJK,lI;aIO-
B OCHOBY pa60TbI reHepaTopa IIOnO)KeHO HBJIeHHe 3JIeKTpOMarHHTHoH
11H,lI;YKUHH. TIocToHHHoe MarHHTHoe IIone MalliHHbI IIPH xonOCTOM xo,u;e C03,u;a-
eTCH 06MOTKaMH B036YJK,lI;eHHH, IIO KOTOpbIM IIPOXO,u;HT TOK B036YJK,u;eH11H I B.'
III
52
rnaBa 2. reHepaTopbl nOCTORHHoro TOKa
06111Me CBe.qeHMR 0 reHepaTopax nOCTORHHoro TOKa
53
TaK11M 06pa30M, 3AC 06MOTKH HKOpH IIpOIIOPUHOHaJIbHa qaCTOTe Bpa-
llIeHHH HKOpH H MarHHTHoMY IIOTOKY.
TIpH IIOMOIl{H KonneKTopa H llIeTOK 3Ta 3AC BblIIpHMJIHeTCH H Ha Il{eTKax
IIOJIBnHeTCH IIOqTH IIOCTOHHHaH 3AC C O'leHb MaJIbIMH nYJIbCaIJ;HHMH, BeJIHqHHa
KOTOpbIX TeM MeHbnre, qeM 60nbllie qHCJIO KOJIJIeKTOpHbIX IInaCTHH.
EcnH 06MOTKY BpallIaIOllIerocH HKOpH 3aMKHYTb Ha HeKoTopoe COIIPOTHB-
JleH11e HarpY3KH R H (PHC. 2.4), B ueIIH IIO,u; ,u;eHcTBHeM 3JJ:C Ea IIOTeqeT TOK Ia H
l'enepaTop 6y,u;eT Bblpa6aTbIBaTb 3JIeKTpHqecKYIO 3HeprHIO, BenHqHHa KOTOpOH
onpe,u;enHeTcH IIpoH3Be,u;eHHeM
= ,
"l e P a - 3neKTpOMamHTHaH MOllIHOCTb reHepaTopa.
TIone3HaH MOllIHOCTb, OT,u;aBaeMaH HarpY3Ke:
P2 = U r I" . (2.5)
}mropoe HOCHT Ha3BaHHe ypaBHeHHH paBHOBeCHH 3JJ:C
I'CliepaTopa H nOKa3bIBaeT, qTO HanpHJKeHHe Ha 3mKHMax reHepaTopa MeHbIlle
:J,lJ,C Ha BeJIHqHHY IIa,ll;eHHJJ HanpH)l(eHml B conpOTHBJIeHHHX ueIIH HKOpH.
ECJIH reHepaTOp nO,ll;KJIIOqaeTCH Ha IIapaJInenbHYIO pa60TY C ceTbIO,
HMeIOllIeH HanpHJKeHHe Dc. TO BenH'-lHHa TOKa HKOpH, a 3HaqHT, H BenHqHHa
lJIeKTpOMamHTHOH H IIOJIe3HOH MOllIHOCTH, OT,u;aBaeMOH B ceTb, onpe,ll;eJIHeTCH
pa3HOCTbIO Mej[()J;Y 3JJ:C Ea H HaIIpJl)l(eHHeM ceTH U c :
IIpH BpallIeHH11 HKOpH C yrnoBoH CKOpOCTbIO Q no 'laCOBOH CTpenKe
(pHC. 2.3, a) B KaJK,lI;OM IIpOBo,u;HHKe ero 06MOTKH 11H,u;YKTHPYeTCH 3JJ:C, cpe,u;-
Hee 3HaqeHHe KOTOpOH 3a nOJIOBHHY IIepHo,u;a onpe,u;eJIHeTCH IIO 1jJ0pMyn [112]
V
e cp = Bcp .1.v=-cP , (2.1)
,
(/J = B cp .f ... - MarHHTHbIH
1rDa
- nonIOCHoe ,u;eJIeHHe; v = - n - nHHe11HaH
60
r,u;e Bcp - cpe,u;HHH MarHHTHaH HH)J;yKIJ;HH B 3a30pe;
1rDa
IIOTOK IIapbI IIonIOCOB; .. = -
2p
CKOpOCTb ,u;BHJKeHHH IIpOBo,u;HHKa 06MOTKH JlKOpH; n - qaCTOTa BpallIeHHH
HKOpH (06/MHH); f H Da - ,lI;JIl1Ha H HapY)l(HbIH ,u;HaMeTp MarHHToIIpoBo,ll;a HKO-
pH; 2 p - qHCJIO IIOJIIOCOB ManrHHbI.
qacToTa H3MeHeHHH 3JJ:C onpe,ll;eJIHeTCH IIO COOTHOnreH11IO
rha MOIIIIIOCTj, MCllbIIlC Pa Ila nCJlJ11IHIIY 1l0TCpL
I\I'M 11 uOMumc SIKUpSI, II IIUCJlC) OllarCJI"""IX OOMol'Kax
J Jlallll"l II JIOIIOJIIIIIICJIJ,m.IX IIOJI!Ol;"n II Jlp.:
tiP." = J J "iJl a . (2.6)
I 3KHM oopa30M, MOJKHO 3aIIHcaTb paBeHCTBO
I I
f = pQ
21r '
r,u;e Q - yrJIOBaH CKOpOCTb BpallIeHHH HKOpH.
(2.2)
x
(2.8)
Dr Ia = Ea Ia -i'/;'LRa.
(2.7)
COKpaTHB 06e qaCTH IIOCJIe)I;Hero ypaBHeHHJI Ha
I", 1I0JlY'lHM COOTHOIlleHHe
x
Dr=Ea- la'LRa'
I
I
III
6
I
I'
I
1111111
Ii II
PUC. 2.3. MarHuTHoe nOJJe MalIIUHbJ nOCTOHHHoro TOKa
R H
PUC. 2.4. 3JJeKTpu'Ie-
CKaH cxeMa 3aMelIIe-
HUH reHepaTopa
N pN
Ea =e cp - =-n(/J =cen(/J ,
2a 60a
Ea -U c
[a = 'LRa (2.9)
Ha KaJK,lI;bIH npOBo,u;HHK 06MOTKH HKOpH C TOKOM Ia ,u;eHcTByeT CHJIa
la
Fc p = Bci-. (2.10)
2a
EcnH 06MOTKa HKOpH co,u;epJKHT N IIocne,ll;OBaTeJIbHO coe,u;HHeHHbIX npo-
BO,ll;HHKOB, TO CYMMapHaH 3JJ:C
(2.3)
r,u;e
pN
c =- - IIOCTOHHHaH 3JJ:C.
e 60a
I
11;,1
54
rnaBa 2. reHepaTopbl nOCTOJlHHOrO TOKa
nOHJlTMe 0 peaKLlMM JlKOpJl M KOMMYTaLlMM
55
1111111
IIIII11
I
,"iill
I:
II II
HaIIpaBJIeHHe 3TOH CHnbI oIIpe,u;enHeTCJI IIpaBHJIOM neBoH PYKH. 3JIeK-
TpOMarHHTHbIH MOMeHT, ,u;eHcTBYIOIl{HH Ha BCIO 06MOTKY H Ha HKOpb B ueJIOM,
Da pN
Ma =NFcpT= 27m cP!a =c.iUcP!a' (2.11)
r,u;e c.. = pN - IIOCTOHHHaH MOMeHTa.
." 27m
KaK BH,lI;HO H3 paBeHCTBa (2.11), 3JIeKTpOMarHHTHbIH MOMeHT IIpOIIOp-
UHOHaJIeH MarHHTHoMY IIOTOKY Bcex IIap IIOJIIOCOB H TORY HKOpH la. 3TOT MO-
MeHT B reHepaTope ,u;eHCTBYcr BCTpeqHO IIO OTHOIlleHHIO K MOMeHTY IIepBHqHO-
1'0 ,lI;BHraTeJIH MJ, T.e. HBJIHeTCH TOpM03HIl{HM.
KpOMe Toro, Ha XOJIOCTOM XO)J;y ,lI;eHcTByeT ellIe TOpM03HOH MOMeHT XO-
JIOCTOrO xo,u;a Mo , onpe,u;enHeMbIH nOTepHMH IIPH xonOCTOM xo,u;e Po - MexaHH-
qeCKHMH, B CTaJIH H .u;p. TaKUM 06pa30M, IIPH pa60Te reHepaTopa no,u; HarpY3-
KOH BpaIl{aIOIl(HH MOMeHT npHBo,u;Horo ,u;BHraTeJIH Ml H TOpM03HbIe MOMeHTbI
Ma H Mo ypaBHoBelliHBaIOT ,u;pyr .u;pyra, T.e.
C'TOPOHY, npOTHBOIIOnOJKHYIO HanpaBneHHIO BpaIl{eHHH JlKOpH. B reHepaTopHOM
pC)ICHMe IIO,u; Ha6eraIOIl{HM KpaeM IIOJIIOCa none OCJIa6JIHeTCH, a IIO,u; c6eraIO-
IHIIM - YCHnHBaeTcH. 8 ,u;BHrarenbHOM peJKHMe - Ha060poT: IIO,u; Ha6eraIOIl(HM
IlpacM nOJIloca IIone YCHnHBaeTcH, a no,ll; c6eraIOIl(UM - OCJIa6mleTcJI.
YMeHbIlleHHe OCHOBHoro MarHHTHoro IIOJIH Ha O,u;HOM Kpae IIOJIIOCa He
nllJlIIOCTbIO KOMIIeHcHpyeTcH ero YBeJIH'-IeHHeM Ha ,lI;pyroM Kpae. B uenOM B pe-
'YJIJ.ran: peaKUHH HKOpH IIPOHCXO,u;HT HeKOTopoe YMeHbIlleHHe pe3ynbTHpyIO-
"\1'1'0 ManmTHOro IIOJIH, qTO IIpHBO,u;HT K YMeHbllieHHIO 3L{C Ea H 3JIeKTpOMar-
IIIII'IIOJ"O MOMeHTa Ma.
l(pH npaIl(eHHH HKOpH ceKUHH 06MOTKH HKOpH IIOCJIe,u;OBaTenbHO IIepexo-
IlII I' III OJ\IIOH BeTB11 B ,lI;pyrYIO, IIPH 3TOM BenHqHHa TOKa B CeKIJ;HH B MOMeHT
1I"!Il'XOI\a YMCllhlllaCTCS! ,u;o HynH, a 3aTeM H3MeHHeT 3HaK H CHOBa B03paCTaeT.
11111 IIPIlI\CCC IIOCHT IJa'umH11e KOMMYTaIJ;HH. C TOqKH 3peHHH 3KCnJIyaTauHH
MUl!lIlIlW IWMMyral\1II1 xapaKrcpU1YCT K3'IeCTRO npouecca IIepe,u;aqH 3HeprHH OT
""1'1''' 1111 IIm'IIIIIIOIC1 1\1'111, IIJIII 01' HC'IIII K SII<OplO B npOl ecce ee IIpe06pa30Ba-
111111
'I
I II
I:
Ml =Ma+Mo.
(2.12)
IHIMMV I ill II III "'IIIIIW 101 1I0I'MIIJI"IIOii. Iml'l\a IIPOl\CCC 113MeHeHHH TOKa B
L....I\IIII\ II IIlpLlIIU J LI'I SI II "I'<:IIIICM 1111 KOJlJICKTOpC. lIa060poT, KOMMYTa-
111111 """n'l II IICY.I\OIlJll'llIlIlnllCJIJ,IIOIt, CI.:JIlI IIPOl\CCC 11,u;eT C HCKpo06pa30Ba-
11111 M 111'" '111M IIOIIcpXlIocn. ICOJlJlCKTOpa no,u;I'opaeT, qTO HapyruaeT HOp-
MIII1I.IIYIII 1'"\llIry MIIIIIIIII.... B COOTBI.:TCTBI111 C rOCT 183-74 KOMMYTaIJ;HH IIO
L 11'1Il'11I1 lIelll'CIIIUI OI\CIIHII3CTCH B 6annax:
-! 0'1 cy I'C I'IIIIC HCKpCIIHH (TeMHaH KOMMYTaU11H);
- I II 4 - CJJaooc Il!'IC'IIIOe HCKpeHHe IIO,u; He60JIbruoH qaCTbIO Il{eTKH;
- I 1/2 - CJIlIOOC rotlCtlliOC HCKpeH11e no,u; 60nbUIeH qaCTbIO Il{eTKH;
- '}. IICKpCIIHC 110)\ IICCM KpaeM Il{eTK11;
- 3 - lIIa'lIIl'CnbIIOe 11CKpeH11e IIO,u; BceM KpaeM Il(eTKH C KPYIIHbIMH H BbIJIe-
III1 II\IIMII IIcKpaMH; CTeneHb 11CKpeHHH oIIpe,u;enHeTCH BH3YaJIbHO.
(IJIOX.IS! KOMMYTaUHH MOJKeT 6bITb BbI3BaHa KaK MeXaHHqeCKHMH npH'IH-
I1I1MII (IICpORHOCT11 KOJIneKTOpa HJIM OT,u;enbHbIX KonneKTopHbIX IIJIaCTHH, IIno-
killl \lIIJlaIlC11pOBKa KOJIneKTOpa 11 HKOpH B ueJIOM, 3arpH3HeHHe KonneKTopa Hn11
'I u II!IIOC, HepoBHocTH HJIH BH6paIJ;HH Il{eTOK B 060HMax H T.,u;.), TaK H 3JIeK-
-11'0M.II'IIHTllbIMH (60JIbIIIOe HaIIpRJKeHHe MeJK.u;y KOnJIeKTOpHbIMH IIJIaCTHHaMH,
III1m,IIIICIIllaH nnOTHOCTb TOKa B ceKUHHX B MOMeHT IIepexo,u;a H T.II.).
C roqKH 3peH11H 3KCIIJIyaTal{HH IIepBocTeIIeHHoe 3HaqeHHe HMeeT BbI60p
1\.1111'1<11 l1\eTOK. Ha1160nee npe,u;IIOqTHrenbHbIMH RBnHIOTCH 3neKTporpaljJHTHbIe
1I\t'II{II MapoK 3r4, 3r8, 3rI4, 3r61, 3r74, KOTopbIe IIpHMeHHIOT ,lI;nH MaIIIHH
.." CPC)\II11MH H 3aTpy,u;HeHHbIMH YCJIOBHHMH KOMMYTaUHH.
faK11e npHqHHbI, KaK 6HeHHe KonneKTopa, IInOXaH 06pa60TKa ero no-
1I£'1'\lIOCT11, BbIcTyrraHHe M11KaHHTa, BH6paIJ;HH Il{eTOK H Il{eTKo,u;epJKaTeJIeH,
"I'OOCIIIIO oTpHuaTenbHo CKa3bIBaIOTCH Ha KOMMYTaUHH 6bICTPOXO,u;HbIX Ma-
1111111.
3TO COOTHOIlleHHe Ha3bIBaIOT ypaBHeHHeM paBHOBeC11H MOMeHTOB.
2.2. llOHHTHe 0 peaK HH HKOpH H KOMMYTa HH
1"1
I
IIpH pa60Te MaruHHbI IIOCTOHHHOro TOKa IIO,u; HarpY3KOH TOK HKOpH Ia
C03,l1;aeT MJJ:C HKOpH Fa H MarHHTHbIH IIOTOK <:Da (CM. pHC. 2.3, 6), KOTOpbIH B03-
,u;eHcTByeT Ha OCHOBHoe MarHHTHoe IIone cI>o. B03,u;eHcTBHe MarHHTHoro IIonH
HKOpH Ha OCHOBHoe MarHHTHoe IIone B036YJK)J;eHHH, C03,u;aBaeMoe rJIaBHbIMH
IIOJIIOCaMH, Ha3bIBaeTCH peaKUHeH HKOpH.
EcnH Il{eTKH yCTaHOBJIeHbI Ha JIHHHH reOMeTpHqeCKOH HeiiTpaJIH (lloce-
pe,u;HHe MeJK,u;y rnaBHbIMH nonIOcaMH, KaK 3T0 IIOKa3aHO Ha pHC 2.3), OCb IIOJIS!
HKOpH COBIIa.u;aeT C IIOIIepeqHOH OCbIO MaruHHbI (CM. pHC. 2.3, 6) H peaKUHH
HKOpH JlBJIHeTCH IIOIIepe'lHoH.
Pe3ynbTHpYIOIl{ee MarHHTHoe IIOJIe <:D pe3 , C03,u;aHHoe COBMeCTHbIM ,u;eHcT-
BHeM MJJ:C Fa H F B , IIOKa3aHO Ha pHC. 2.3, B. KaK BH,u;HO H3 3Toro pHcYHKa, oc-
HOBHoe MarHHTHoe IIone HCKaJKaeTCH: Ha O,u;HOM Kpae IIOJIIOCa OHO YCHJIHBaeT-
CH, Ha ,u;pyroM - OCJIa6JIHeTCH. B pe3YJIbTaTe JIHHHH, 0603HaqaIOIl{aH OCb IIOJIH,
CMeIl{aeTCH OT OCH IIonIOCOB Ha HeKOTopbIH yron [3. Ha TaKOH JKe yroJI [3 CMe-
Il{aeTCJI H nHHHH, IIepIIeH,u;HRYJIHpHaH MarHHTHbIM CHJIOBbIM nHHHHM, Ha3bIBae-
MaH JIHHHeH IjJH3HqeCKOH HeHTpaJI11. B 30He reOMeTpHqeCKOH HeHTpaJIH IIOHB-
JIHeTCH HeKOTopoe pe3ynbTHpYIOIl{ee IIone.
8 qaCTHOCTH, B reHepaTopHoM peJK11Me IjJH3HqeCKaH HeHTpaJIb CMeIl{aeTCH
IIO HaIIpaBneHHIO BpaIl{eHHH HKOpH. B peJKHMe pa60TbI ,u;BHraTeJIeM TOK B HKope
MeHSIeT CBoe HaIIpaBJIeHHe Ha 06paTHoe H IjJH3HqeCKaH HeHTpanb CMeIl{aeTCH B
1
Ilill:
I II
II
'I
II
il'"
I
, I I
I,
I11I 1
I
III
II
I
II
'i
I
II
II
I
It III!
I
I ,
III
I!II
56
rnaBa 2. reHepaTopbl nOCTOHHHoro TOKa
CxeMbl B036Y>KAeHMH reHepaTopoB nOCTOHHHoro TOKa
57
3HaqHTenbHoe BnHHHHe Ha KOMMYTaUHIO OKa3bIBaIOT H YCJIOBHH 3KCIIJIya-
TaUHH - 3arpH3HeHHe KOnJIeKTOpa, Bna)!(HOCTb B03.u;yxa, aTMocljJepHoe ,lI;aBne-
HHe, HaJIH'-IHe B oKpYJKaIOIl{eM B03,l1;yxe XHMHqeCKHX BeIl{eCTB. Cne.u;YeT HMeTb B
BH.u;y, qTO KOMMYTaUHH 3aMeTHO YXY,lI;lliaeTCJI IIPH CHHJKeHHH aTMQcljJepHoro
.u;aBJIeHHH.
[JPI1 npaBHJIbHOM BbI60pe MapKH Il{eTOK H IIpaBI1JIbHOH 3KcIInyaTaUHH Ha
KOJIneKTOpe B pe3ynbTaTe 3neKTpOJIH3a 06pa3yeTcJI IIOJIHTypa, COCTOHIl{aH H3
IIneHKH OKHcnOB Me,ll;H. HanHqHe TaKoH nOJIHTypbI HBJIHeTCH CBH,u;eTeJIbCTBOM
HopManbHoH KOMMYTaUHH Maru11HbI.
MepoIIpHHTHH IIO YCTpaHeHHIO IIpH'-lHH HCKpeHHH MeXaHH'-IeCKOrO xapaK-
Tepa Tpe6yIOT HeYKOCHHTeJIbHOrO BbIIIonHeHHH. K HHM IIpeJK,lI;e Bcero OTHOCHT-
CJI IIO,ll;):\epJKaHHe KOJIneKTOpa, Il{eTOK H BceH MalliHHbI B HCIIpaBHOM COCTOHHHH,
cTporoe C06mO,ll;eH11e Tpe60BaHHH HHCTPYKWIH no 3KCnJIyaTaUHH, CBoeBpeMeH-
Hoe npOBe,ll;eHHe pernaMeHTHbIX pa6OT.
JJ:JIH YCTpaHeHHH IIPHq11H 11CKpeHHH 3JIeKTpOMarHHTHOH IIpHpO.u;bI B npo-
uecce 113rOTOBneHHH H HaCTpOHKH MalliHHbI npe)J;yCMaTp11BaIOT CJIe.u;YWIWIe Me-
pOIIpHHTHH:
- YCTaHaBnHBaIOT ,lI;OIIOnHHTenbHbIe nOJIIOCbI, MarHHTHOe none KOTOpbIX
KOMIIeHcHpyeT peaKTHBHYIO 3JJ:C (3JJ:C caMoHH.u;YKIJ;HH H B3aI1MOHH.u;yKUHH) B
KOMMYTHpyeMbIx ceKUHHX;
- B IIOJIIOCHbIX HaKOHeqHHKaX rnaBHbIX IIonIOCOB KPYIIHbIX MaruHH YCTa-
HaBJIHBaIOT KOMIIeHcHpYIOIWIe 06MOTKH, KOTOpbIe BKJIIOqaIOT IIOcne,ll;OBaTenbHO
C 06MOTKOH JlKOpJl, HO Tal(, qTO OHH KOMIIeHCHpyIOT IIone peaKWIH HKOpH;
- CMeIl{aIOT Il{eTKH C nHHHH reOMeTpHqeCKOH HeHTpanH TaKHM 06Pa30M,
qT06bI KOMMYTHpyeMaJI ceK HH OKa3anaCb Ha nHHHH IjJH3H'-1eCKOH HeHTpaJIH;
- IIpHMeHHIOT cneUHanbHbIe TBep,ll;bIe yrnerpaljJHToBbIe Il{eTKH C nOBbI-
llieHHbIM COIIpOTHBneHHeM.
HOpMaJIbHbIM npH pa60Te MaruHHbI IIOCTOHHHoro TOKa CqHTaeTCH cJIa60e
TOqeqHOe HCKpeHHe IIO,ll; He60JIblliOH 'IaCTbIO Il{eTKH (1 1/4 6aJIJIa). IfcKpeHHe
no,ll; BceM KpaeM ll{eTKH (2 6anJIa) ,lI;OnycKaeTCH TOJIbKO IIpH nepexo.u;HbIX peJKH-
Max H KpaTKOBpeMeHHbIX IIeperpY3KaX. CHJIbHOe HCKpeHHe (3 6anna) HH npH
KaKHX YCJIOBHHX He ,lI;OnYCKaeTCH. TIp11 B03HHKHOBeHHH TaKOrO HCKpeHHH Ma-
IIIHHa ,lI;OnJKHa 6bITb HeMe,ll;neHHO OTKnIOqeHa OT ceTH H IIO,ll;BeprHYTa OCMOTPy
H npH He06xo.u;HMOCTH - peMOHTY.
KOMMYTaWIH COnpOBOJK,lI;aeTCH eIl{e O,ll;HHM He6naronpHHTHbIM C TOqKH
3peHHH 3KcIInyaTaWIH npoueCCOM - C03)l;aHHeM 3neKTpOMarHHTHbIX Kone6aHHH
BbICOKOH qaCTOTbI (1-3 U), qTO C03,l1;aeT 3HaqHTenbHbIe pa,ll;HOnOMexH. JJ:nH
YCTpaHeHHH pa,ll;HOIIOMex, oc06eHHo npH IIJIOXOH KOMMYTaIJ;HH, B uellb HKOpH
BKJIIOqaIOTCH HH,lI;YKTHBHo-eMKocTHbIe IjJHnbTpbI, np11 3TOM HCIIOJIb3YIOTCH c06-
CTBeHHbIe HH.u;YKTHBHOCTH 06MOTOK MalliHHbI, a KOH,u;eHCaTOpbI pa3MeIl{aIOT B
Kop06Ke BbIBO,ll;OB H IIO,ll;KnIOqaIOT C O,ll;HOH CTOpOHbI K BbIBO,ll;aM 06MOTKH ,lI;O-
IIOJIHHTenbHbIX IIonIOCOB, C .u;pyroH - K KOPIIYCY. -
2.3. CxeMbi B036Y)K)J.eHHH reHepaTopOB nOCTOHHHoro TOKa
Pa60qHe CBOHCTBa MaruHH IIOCTOHHHoro TOKa - reHepaTopOB H ,lI;BHraTe-
neH - OIIpe.u;eJIHIOTCH rnaBHbIM 06pa30M CIIoc060M B036YJK,lI;eHHH, IIO,ll; KOTOpbIM
_ IIOHHMaeTCH cxeMaIIO.ll;KJIIOqeHHH K ceTH HJIH K ueIIH HKOpH 06MOTOK B036YJK-
,lI;eH11H. Ha p11c. 2.5 pa3n11qHbIe cxeMbI B036YJK,lI;eHHH MalliHH IIOCTOHHHoro TOKa
IIOKa3aHbI np11MeHHTenbHo K reHepaTopaM, KOTopbIe 6bIBaIOT ,lI;BYX THnOB:
- reHepaTopbI He3aBHC11MOrO B036y)[()J;eHHH;
- reHepaTopbI C caMoB036YJK,lI;eHHeM.
J V ll3
/ OB c
/a=/B /
/B /B
OB
/B
a 6 B r
PHC. 2.5. CXCMbl B036Y)K):lCHHH reHcpaTopoB nOCTOHHHoro TOKa
reHepaTopbI He3aBHCHMoro B036YJK,lI;eHHH (pHC. 2.5, a), Y KOTOpbIX 06MOTKa
B036YJK,lI;eHHH IIonyqaeT nHTaHHe OT IIOCTopoHHero HCTOqHHKa 3neKTpHqeCKOH
3Hepr11H, HMeIOT He 3aBHCHIWIH OT 3JJ:C HKOpH OCHOBHOH MarHHTHbIH nOTOK <:D.
TIpH 3TOM TOK HKOpH paBeH TOKY HarpY3KH, I = la.
reHepaTOpbI C caMOB036YJK,lI;eHHeM He HYJK,lI;aIOTCH B IIOCTOpOHHeM HCTOq-
HHKe IIOCTOHHHoro TOKa lInH nHTaHHH 06MOTKH B036YJK,lI;eHHH. IfMeHHO TaKHe
reHepaTopbI HMeIOT HaH60JIbruee paCIIpOCTpaHeH11e. B CBOIO Oqepe,ll;b OHH .u;e-
nHTCH Ha Cne,ll;YIOIWIe:
1. reHepaTopbI IIapaJIJIeJIbHOrO B036)'>K.L\eHHH (p11c. 2.5, 6), Y KOTOpbIX 06-
MOTKa B036Yj[()J;eHHH (OB IlI ) BKnIOqaeTCH IIapanneJIbHO ueIIH HKOpH, npH 3TOM
I=I a -16'
2. reHepaTopbI IIOCne,ll;OBaTenbHoro B036YJK,lI;eHHH (PHC. 2.5, B), Y KOTOpbIX
06MOTKa B036y)[()J;eHHH (OB c ) BKJIIO'IeHa IIOCne,ll;OBaTenbHO C 06MOTKOH HKOpH.
TIpH TaKoH cxeMe I = la = 1 6 , II03TOMY MarHHTHbIH nOTOK 3aBHCHT OT TOKa HKO-
pH, <:D = f (Ia). CTeIIeHb 3TOH 3aBHCHMOCTH OIIpe,ll;eJIHeTCJI CTeIIeHbIO HaCbIIl{eHIUI
MarHHTHOH eIIH. TaKHe reHepaTOpbI-IIpllMeHHIOTCH BeCbMa pe,ll;KO.
3. reHepaTopbI CMelliaHHoro B036YJK,lI;eHHH (PHC. 2.5, 1') HMeIOT napanneJIb-
HYIO OB IlI 11 IIOCne,ll;OBaTenbnyIO OB c 06MOTKH B036YJK,lI;eHHH, KOTopbIe no Mar-
HlITHOMY IIOTKY MorYT 6bITb BKJIIOqeHbI cornaCHO (KoMIIaYH,u;Ho), TaK qTO Mar-
I II
I
58
rnaBa 2. reHepaTopbl nOCTOJlHHOrO TOKa
nOHJlTMe 0 caMoBo36YJKAeHMM reHepaTopa nOCTOJlHHOrO TOKa
59
HHTHbIH IIOTOK <:D = <:Do Hm + <:Do BC , HnH BCTpeqHO (IIpOTHBoKOMIIayH.u;Ho), TaK
qTO <:D = <:DOHm - <:DOsc.
AHaJIOrHqHbIe cxeMbI B036YJK,lI;eHHH HMeIOT 11 ,u;BHraTeJIH IIOCTOJlHHOrO
11
,llli
II
Iii
I 1I 1
, I
III
I
II'
I Iii
Ii 11\
I i ,
[III
1II1
TOKa.
B036y)[()J;eHHH He IIepeceKaIOTCH (IIYHKTHp Ha pHC. 2.6), caMOB036YJK,lI;eHHH He
IIPOHCXO,u;HT. BeJIHqHHa Ea TeM 60JIbme, qeM BbIme qaCTOTa BpaIl{eHHH JlKOpH
reHepaTopa.
TaKHM 06Pa30M, .)!;JISI caMOB036YJK,u;eHHH reHepaTopa IIOCTOJlHHOrO TOKa
lIe06xo,u;HMO BbIIIonHeHHe Tpex OCHOBHbIX YCJIOBHH:
- HaJIHqHe MarHHTHoro IIOTOKa OCTaTOqHOrO HaMarHHqHBaHHH <:D OCT ;
- cornaCHoe HaIIpaBneHHe MarHHTHoro IIOTOKa <1>OCT H MarHHTHOrO no-
I'OKa, c03,u;aBaeMoro 06MOTKOH B036YJK,lI;eHHH <:D.II06;
- COIIpOTHBneHHe ueIIH B036YJK,lI;eHHH R B MeHbIlle KpHTHqeCKoro.
KpOMe Toro, ,lI;nH YCIIelliHoro caMOB036YJK,u;eHHH reHepaTopa ero HarpY3-
KU J\on>KlIa 6bITb OTKJIIOqeHa, a qaCTOTa BpallIeHHH JlKOpH ,lI;OBe,ll;eHa ,lI;O HOMH-
1I.1.11LIIOrO 3Ha'ICH11H.
2.4. TIoHHTHe 0 caMoBo36y eHHH reHepaTopa
nOCTOHHHoro TOKa
Eo
El
E2
n2>n1
TIpouecc caMoB036Yj[()J;eHHH - 3TO C03,u;aHHe OCHOBHoro MarHHTHoro IIO-
TOKa <:D H HOMHHaJIbHOH 3JJ:C HKOpJl Eo IIPH pa3roHe HKOpH ,lI;O HOMHHaJIbHOH
qaCTOTbI BpaIl{eHHH. CaMoB036Y>K,lI;eHHe reHepaTopa npOHCXO,ll;HT B cJIe,u;yroIl{eH
IIOCJIe,ll;OBaTeJIbHOCTH.
B MamHHe IIOCTOHHHoro TOKa IIpaKTHqeCKH BCer,ll;a cYIl{eCTBYcr He60JIb-
mOH (2 - 5% OT HOMHHaJIbHoro) MarHHTHbIH IIOTOK OCTaTOqHOrO HaMar-
HHqHBaH11J1 <:D OCT ' EcnH HKOpb reHepaTopa IIpHBecTH BO BpaIl{eHHe co CKOpO-
CTbIO n, TO IIO,u; ,u;eHCTBHeM IIOTOKa <:D OCT B 06MOTKe JlKOpH HH,u;YKTHpyeTcH 3.lJ.C
E OCT = C e n <:D OCT (2.13)
H IIO ueIIH B036YJK)J;eHHH HKOpb - 06MoTKa nOTeqeT He60nbruoH TOK B036YJK,lI;e-
HHH
I = Eocm
6 '" '
L.,Ra + R6
KOTOpbIH C03,l1;aeT ,lI;06aBOqHbIH nOTOK B036Yj[()J;eHHH <1>J\06.
TIpH YCJIOBHH, qTO IIOTOKH <:DJ\06 H <:D OCT HanpaBneHbI COrJIaCHO, npOHCXO-
,lI;HT ,lI;anbHeHIllee YBeJIHqeHHe pe3ynbTHpYIOIl{erO MamHTHOrO IIOTOKa H 3AC H
IIPOUeCC pa3BHBaeTCH ,lI;O OIIpe,ll;eneH-
HOrO npe,ll;eJIa, KOTOpbIH 3aBHCHT OT
BH,u;a KpHBOH HaMarHHqHBaHHH (xa-
paKTepHCTHKH XOJIOCTOrO XO,ll;a Ea = f
(lB), COnpoTHBneHHH IJ;enH B036Y>K)J;e-
HHH R B H qaCTOTbI BpaIl{eHHH HKOpH n.
BenHqHHa Ea B KOHue IIpOueCCa B03-
6YJK,u;eHHH OIIpe,ll;eJIHeTCH TOqKOH ne-
peCeqeHHH XapaKTepHCTHKH XOJIOCTO-
1'0 XO,ll;a (x.x.x.) H BOnbT-aMnepHOH
XapaKTepHCT11KH (BAX) ueIIH B036y-
j[()J;eHHH (PHC. 2.6). EcnH COIIpOTHBJIe-
HHe uenH B036Y>K,lI;eHIUI ,lI;OCTHraeT
HeKOToporo KpHTHqeCKOrO 3HaqeHHH
R BKp , IIPH KOTOpOM X.X.X. H BAX QeOH
R",,/R6l4,
o
[62 10 1
PHC. 2.6. Y CJJOBHH caMoB036Y;K)l;eHHH
reHeparopoB nocroHHHoro TOKa
2.5. XflPUKTl'PUC [,HI\:U rCllepaTopOB nOCTOHHHoro TOKa
(2.14)
(InUlllllhlMIi lIeJIII'IIIII:IMII, I\..paKrcpWIYIOII\HMH pa60TY reHepaTopOB IIO-
1""111111"' II '""1\, 111111111111 ell:
. 11111\,"'111111 MIIII\IIIIC rh (12 ;
. lIullpmKCllllc 1101 IJhll\O.I\C U;
. IIIK IIKOpH 10 HnH TOK HarpY3KH I H ;
- I'O!{ IJo36Yj[()J;eHHH I B ;
'IaCTOTa BpaIl{eHHH n (IIO,ll;)J;epJKHBaeTCJI, KaK npaBHJIO, IIOCTOJlHHOH
IIpIiIlOJ\II!.IM ,lI;BUraTeJIeM).
K pa60'lHM XapaKTepHCTHKaM reHepaTOpOB nOCTOHHHoro TOKa OTHOCHTCJI
IIIICIIIIIHH XapaKTepHCTHKa U = f (I), Harpy30qHaH U = f (lB), perYJIHpOBOqHaJI
I" .. f (I) 11 xapaKTepHCTHKa XOJIOCTOrO xo,u;a Ea = f (I B ).
HaH60JIee BaJKHOH xapaKTepHCTHKOH reHepaTopa KaK HCTOqHHKa 3JIeK-
I pH'ICCKOH 3HeprHH JlBJIHeTCH BHemHHH xapaKTepHCTHKa, YCTaHaBJIHBaIOIl{aH
1a1IHCHMOCTb HaIIpHJKeHHH Ha 3aJKHMaX reHepaTopa OT TOKa HarpY3KH, U = f (I)
IIpn neU3MeHHOH qaCTOTe BpallIeHHH n H conpOTHBneHHH uenH B036YJK,u;eHHH
R". PaCCMOTpHM 3TY xapaKTepHCTHKY lInH HaH60JIee paCIIpOCTpaHeHHoro reHe-
pOI !'Opa CMemaHHoro B036YJK,lI;eHHH.
BHemHHH xapaKTepHCTHKa (p11C. 2.7) HBJIHeTCH rpaljJHqeCKHM BbIpaJKeHH-
CM ypaBHeHHH 3JIeKTpHqecKoro paBHoBecHH (2.8), KOTOpoe IIepenHIlleM B BH,lI;e
n2
01
16
U=(EaIM)-IaLRa, (2.15)
I',lI;C BeJIHqHHa .6.E OTpaJKaeT B03MOJKHOCTb H3MeHeHHH 3JJ:C, CBH3aHHYIO C H3-
MeHeHHeM TOKa B036Yj[()J;eHHH H MarHHTHoro nOTOKa.
KaK OTMeqaJIOCb, 06MOTKH B036YJK,lI;eHHH reHepaTopa CMemaHHoro B03-
oY>K,lI;eHHH MorYT 6bITb BKnIOqeHbI cornaCHO HJIH BCTpeqHO.
rnaBa 2. reHepaTopbl nOCTOJlHHOrO TOKa
61
60
XapaKTepMCTMKM reHepaTopoB nOCTOJlHHOrO TOKa
qallIe Bcero 06MOTKH BKJIIO-
qaIOTCH COrJIaCHO. TIpH 3TOM IIO-
CJIe,ll;OBaTeJIbHaH 06MOTKa MOJKeT
6bITb paCCqHTaHa TaKHM 06Pa30M,
qT06bI npH YBeJI11qeHHH TOKa Ha-
rpY3Kll ee MarHHTHbIH nOTOK IIOJI-
HOCTbIO KOMIIeHCHpOBaJI YMeHbIIIe-
Hlle OCHOBHoro MarHHTHoro IIOTOKa
IIapanJIenbHOH 06MOTKll 0'1' JII06bIX
IIPHqHH. TIpH 3TOM HanpHJKeHHe
reHepaTopa U H IIPH HOMHHaJIbHOM
TOKe HarpY3Kll I H MOJKeT 6bITb paB-
HO HanpHJKeHHIO IIPH xonOCTOM
XO,ll;e U O (PHC. 2.7, KpHBaH 2). Ta-
KOH reHepaTop Ha3bIBaIOT HOpMaJIbHO KOMIIayn,ll;11pOBaHHbIM.
JJ:JIH nOMepJKaHHH 3a,ll;aHHOrO HanpHJKeHHH Ha 3a)!(HMaX IIpHeMHHKa
3JIeKTpHqeCKOH 3HeprHH HYJKHO cKoMIIeHcHpoBaTb IIa,ll;eHHH HanpHJKeHHH ......U n
B JIHHHH IIepeL\aqH. JJ:JIH 3TOH uenH IIocne.u;oBaTeJIbHYIO 06MOTKY YCHnHBaIOT H
IIPH YBenHqeHHH TOKa HarpY3KH HanpHJKeHHe Ha BbIXO,ll;e reHepaTopa OKa3bIBa-
eTCH 60JIbille HanpHJKeHHH npH XOJIOCTOM XO,ll;e (pHC. 2.7, Kp11BaJI 1). reHepaTop
B 3TOM cJIyqae Ha3bIBaeTCH nepeKoMnaYH,lI;I1pOBaHHbIM.
IIpH BCTpeqHOM BKJIIOqeHHH 06MOTOK B036Yj[()J;eHHH MamHTHbIH nOTOK
nOCJIe.u;oBaTeJIbHOH 06MOTKH OKa3bIBaeT pa3MarHHqHBaIOIl{ee ,lI;eHCTBHe Ha Mar-
HHTHoe nOJIe IIapaJIJIeJIbHOH 06MOTKI1 H BHeIIIHHH xapaKTepHCTHKa reHepaTopa
HMeeT BH,u; KPYTO IIa,ll;aIOIl{eH Kp11BOH (pHC. 2.7, Kp11BaH 5).
EcnH nOCJIe,ll;OBaTeJIbnyIO 06MOTKY HCKnIOqHTb, IIOJIYQHM reHepaTop na-
paJIJIeJIbHOrO B036YJK,lI;eHHH, BHeIIIHHH xapaKTepHCTHKa KOTOporo cYllIecTBeHHo
H3MeHHeTCH (PHC. 2.7, KpHBaH 4). KaK BH,u;HO, B 3TOM cJIY'Iae TOK HarpY3KH
MOJKHO YBeJIHqHTb TOJIbKO ,lI;O onpe.u;eJIeHHOH BeJIHqHHbI I Kp = (2 - 2,5) I H , nOCJIe
qero OH HaqHeT YMeHbIllaTbcH. 3TO 06YCJIOBneHO na,ll;eHHeM HanpHJKeHHH B 06-
MOTKe HKOpH Ia a' pa3MarHHqHBaIOIIIHM .u;eHCTBHeM peaKIJ;11H HKOpH H YMeHb-
IIIeHHeM TOKa B036Yj[()J;eHHH no Mepe CHHJKeHHH 3JJ:C Ea. IIo Mepe YBeJI11qeHHH"
TOKa I cBepx HOMHHaJIbHOrO HaIIpHJKeHHe U HaqHHaeT 6bICTpO YMeHbIllaTbcH II
IIOCJIe ,lI;OCTHJKeHHH TOKa I Kp caMoIIpOH3BOJIbHO CHHJKaeTCH ,lI;O HYJISI.
TIpH KOpOTKOM 3aMbIKaHHH U = 0, I B = 0 H TOK KOpOTKOro 3aMbIKaHHJl I K . o
oIIpe,ll;eJIHeTCH TOJIbKO nOTOKOM OCTaTOqHOrO HaMarHHqHBaHHH. KaK IIpaBHno,
l K . o = (0,4 - 0,8)I H . TaKHM 06pa30M, KopOTKoe 3aMbIKaHHe, BbI3BaHHoe IIOCTe-
IIeHHbIM YMeHbIlleHHeM COIIpOTHBJIeHHH HarpY3KH ,lI;O HYJIH, He OIIaCHO lInH re-
HepaTopa IIapaJIJIeJIbHOrO B036YJKlIeHHH. O.u;HaKO IIPH BHe3anHOM KOpOTKOM 3a-
MbIKaHHH, 0 <IeM no.u;p06Hee - B II.2.6.2, TOK I K . 3 = ( 8-12 )I H HBnH"eTCH BeCbMa
OIIaCHbIM. 3'1'0 06'bHCHHeTCH TeM, qTO npH BHe3anHOM KOpOTKOM 3aMbIKaHHH
IIPOU ecc CaMOpa3MarHHqHBaHIUI reHepaTopa IIPOllCXO,ll;HT C 3a,ll;epJKKOH H TOK
B036YJK,lI;eHHH cOXpaHHeT 3HaqeHHe, 6JIH3KOe K HOMHHanbHOMY HnH ,lI;aJKe B03-
pacTaeT.
BHeIIIHHH xapaKTepHCTHKa reHepaTopa He3aBHCHMoro B036YJK,lI;eHHH pac-
IIonaraeTCH MeJK,lI;y xapaKTepHCTHKaMH reHepaTopa IIapannenbHoro B036Y)!(,lI;e-
HHSlll HopManbHo KOMnaYH.u;HpoBaHHoro (PllC. 2.7, KpHBaH 3).
I13MeHeHHe HaIIpHJKeHI1H IIPH IIepeXO,ll;e reHepaTopa 0'1' peJKHMa XOJIOCTO-
1'0 XO,ll;a K HOMHHanbHoH HarpY3Ke
......U = U o -U II 100%
U II
COCTaBnHeT .u;JIH reHepaTopa He3aBHCHMoro B036YJK,lI;eHHH 3...8%; .u;JISI reHepa-
Topa napanJIenbHOro B036YJK,lI;eHHH - 8.. .15%.
XapaKTep11CTHKH xonocToro XO,ll;a 11 perynHpOBOqHYIO paccMoTpHM Ha
npl1Mepe reHepaTopa He3aBliCI1MOrO B036Yj[()J;eH11H, a 3aTeM OTMeTHM llX oco-
6CIHIOCTii )lJm rCllcpaTopOB C caMoB036Y)!(,lI;eHl1eM,
XapaKn;pl1cTIiKa XOJIOCTOro XO,ll;a onpe,ll;enHeT 3aBllCHMOCTb HanpHJKeHHH
lJ \I I 101m Ill> IGY)K)\CIll111 U = r (I B) npli n = const, I = 0 H P2 = O. HaIIpHJKeHHe
"" .Iml<llMaX I"CIICpaTopa B pe)!(I1Me XOJIOCTOrO XO,ll;a IIpOIIOPUHOHaJIbHO OCHOB-
IIl>MY MaI'lIl1THOMY IIOTOKY nonIOCOB. TOK B036YJK,lI;eHHH I B npoIIopUHoHaneH
OCHOBHOH MAC F B' Cne,ll;OBaTeJIbHO, xapaKTepHCT11Ka xonOCToro xo.u;a reHepa-
Topa B COOTBeTCTBYIOIl{eM MacruTa6e HBJIHeTCSI xapaKTepHcTHKOH HaMarHHqH-
uaHIiH MaIIII1HbI <:D = f (IB) (PHC. 2.8).
IIp11 yBenH'-leHllll TOKa B036y-
)!(,lI;eH11H HanpHJKeHHe paCTeT IIO KpH-
BOM 1. 06bI'IHO TOK B036YJKlIeH111\ ,lI;O-
BO.u;HT .u;o HeKoToporo 3HaqeHHH IBm ,
npH KOTOpOM HanpHJKeHHe U m = (1,1
...1,25) U H . 3aTeM TOK B036Y)!(,lI;eHHH
YMeHbruaeTCH ,lI;O 3HaqeHHH I B = 0, no-
CJIe qero MeHHeTCH ero HaIIpaBneHHe
Ii OH YBeJIl1qHBaeTCH ,lI;O 3HaqeHHH
I B = - IBm. HanpHJKeHHe reHepaTOpa
npH 3TOM H3MeHHeTCJI OT + U m ,lI;O
- U m no KpHBOH 2, KOTopaH Ha3bIBa-
eTCH HI1CxO)l;JlllIeH BeTBbIO xapaKTe-
pllCT11KI1 xonOCToro xO,ll;a. IIonyqeH-
HaH TaKHM nyTeM KpHBaH 2 IIpoXO,ll;llT
Bblrue KpHBOH 1. 06'bHCHHeTCH 3'1'0 TeM, qTO B npouecce CHHTHH KpHBOH 1 IIpO-
IiCXO,ll;HT ,lI;OIIOnHHTenbHoe yBeJIHqeHHe OCTaTOqHOrO MarHHTHOrO nOTOKa.
U II
'I
(2.16)
o
I II
,I
,
PHC. 2.7. BHcmHHc xapaKTcpHcTHKH
f"CHCpaTOpoB nOCTOHHHOI'O TOKa
I
!II
1 1 1 .111
I, I
I,!III
'! I
II'
+U
I
IIII
II! II
'I'
-u
PHC. 2.8. XapaKTCpHCTHKa XOJIOCTOI'O
xOJ\a I'CHCpaTopa HC3aBHCHMOl'O B036y-
*JICHHH
III
I,ll
'I
Iii I
EcnH ,lI;anee H3MeHHTb TOK B 06paTHOM IIOpH,lI;Ke OT 3HaqeHHSI - IBm ,lI;O
+ IBm, TO HanpHJKeH11e 6y.u;eT H3MeHHTbCH IIO KpHBOH 3, KOTopaH Ha3bIBaeTCH
BOCXO)l;JlIl{eH BeTBbIO xapaKTepHCT11KH xonOCToro XO,ll;a. KpHBbIe 2 11 3 O,6Pa3Y-
lOT r11CTepe311CHYIO neTJIIO, onpe.u;eJIHIOIIIYIO CBOHCTBa CTaJIH MarHHTHOH ueIIH
MalliHHbI. TIpoBe,ll;H MeJK,lI;Y HHCXO.u;HIl{eH H BOCXO)l;JlllIeH BeTBHMH XapaKTepH-
CTHKH Cpe,ll;HIOIO JIHHHIO 4, nOJIyqaIOT TaK Ha3bIBaeMYIO pacqeTHYIO xapaKTepH-
CTHKY XOJIOCTOrO XO,ll;a.
HaqanbHaJI qaCTb xapaKTepHCTHKH xonOCToro XO,ll;a HBJIHeTCH IIPHMOJIH-
HeHHOH 11 COOTBeTCTByeT HeHaCbIIl{eHHOMY COCTOHHHIO MarHHTHOH IJ;enH Ma-
ruHHbI. TIo Mepe YBenHqeHHH TOKa B036YJK,lI;eHHH MarHHTHbIH IIOTOK B03paCTaeT,
CTanb MalliHHbI Ha'lHHaeT HaCbIIl{aTbCH H xapaKTepHCT11Ka IIp1106peTaeT Kp11BO-
nHHeHHbIH xapaKTep. TOqKa HOMHHanbHoro HaIIpHJKeHHH U H 06bIqHO neJKHT 3a
npe,ll;eJIaMH IIpHMonHHeHHoro yqacTKa Ha TaK Ha3bIBaeMOM KOJIeHe xapaKTepH-
CTHKH XOJIOCTOrO XO,ll;a B 06naCTH YMepeHHoro (cpe,ll;Hero) HaCbIllIeHHH CTaJIH.
TaKOH BbI60p TOqKH HOM11HaJIbHOrO HaIIpHJKeHHH 06ycnOBJIeH TeM, qTO IIp11 pa-
60Te Ha IIpHMOJIHHeHHOM yqaCTKe HaIIpHJKeHHe reHepaTopa 6Y,ll;eT 3HaqHTenbHO
H3MeHHTbCH .u;aJKe IIPH He60nbruHx H3MeHeHHHX TOKa B036Yj[()J;eHHH, Le. 6Y,ll;eT
HeycTOHqHBbIM, a IIPH pa60Te B 06JIaCTH CHnbHoro HaCbIIl{eHHH OrpaHHqHBaIOT-
CH B03MOJKHOCTH perynHpoBaHHH HaIIpHJKeHHH.
Y reHepaTopoB IIapaJIJIeJIbHOrO H
cMeruaHHoro B036Y)K)J;eHHH xapaKTepHcTH-'
Ka XOJIOCTOrO XO,ll;a MOJKeT 6bITb CHJlTa
TOJIbKO B O.u;HOM KBa,ll;paHTe (pHC. 2.9). 3TO
06YCJIOBJIeHO TeM, qTO IIpoUecc caMOB03-
6YJK,lI;eHHH B 3T11X reHepaTopax TOK I B MO-
JKeT IIpOTeKaTb TonbKO B O,ll;HOM HaIIpaBne-
HHH IIPH COrJIaCHOM ,lI;eHCTBHH IIOTOKa <:D OCT
H IIOTOKa, C03,l1;aBaeMOro 06MOTKOH B036y-
JK.u;eHHH. B OCTaJIbHOM MeJK.u;y xapaKTepH-
CTHKaMH XOJIOCTOrO XOlia paccMaTpHBae-
MbIX reHepaTopoB HeT pa3HHUbI, TaK KaK
IIpoTeKaIOIl{HH BO BTOpOM cnyqae no HKO-
pIO TOK Ia = I B He npeBbIlliaeT HeCKonbKO
IIpOueHTOB OT HOM11HanbHOro TOKa reHepaTopa H He MOJKeT CYllIeCTBeHHO H3-
MeHHTb BH,lI; 3TOH xapaKTepHCTHKH.
PerYJIHpOBOqHaH xapaKTepHCTHKa reHepaTopa He3aB11C11MOrO B036Y)j(.u;e-
HHH OIIpe,ll;enHeT 3aBHCHMOCTb I B = f (I) IIPH U = const H n = const. PerYJIHpO-
BOqHaH xapaKTepHcTHKa IIOKa3bIBaeT, KaK HYJKHO peryn11pOBaTb TOK B036YJK1Ie-
HHH, '-IT06bI IIPH H3MeHeHH11 HarpY3KH HaIIpHJKeHHe reHepaTopa OCTaBaJIOCb He-
H3MeHHbIM H paBHbIM 06bIqHOMY HOMHHaJIbHOMY 3HaqeHHIO U H . C YBeJIHqeHH-
eM TOKa HarpY3KH I TOK B036Yj[()J;eHHH I B HeCKOJIbKO YBenHqHBaeTCH, qT06bI
62
ill
II
u
o
PHC. 2.9. XapalnepHcTHKa XOJIO-
CToro XOAa reHepaTopa napaJI-
JIeJIbHoro B036ym,rreHHH
! I
rnaBa 2. reHepaTopbl nOCTOHHHoro TOKa
63
XapaKTepMCTMKM reHepaTopoB nOCTOHHHoro TOKa
KOMIIeHCHpOBaTb pa3MarHHqHBaIOIl{ee ,lI;eHCTBHe peaKIJ;HH HKOpH H IIa,ll;eHHH Ha-
IIpHJKeH11H B ueIIH HKOpH laRa (pHC. 2.10). TIp11 IIepeXO,ll;e OT XOJIOCTOrO XO,ll;a C U
= U H K HOMHHanbHOH HarpY3Ke I = I H YBenHqeHHe TOKa B036YJK1IeHHH COCTaBnH-
eT 15 - 25 %.
16
16
1
0 I 0 I H t
a 6
PHC. 2.10. PeryJIHpOBOQHaH xapaKTepHcTHKa reHepaTopa He3aBHCHMoro H
CMemaHHoro B036ym,rreHHH
16
PerYJIHpOBOqHaH xapaKTepHcTHKa reHepaTopa cMeruaHHoro B036yJK)J;e-
HHH IIpe,ll;CTaBneHa Ha pHC. 2.10, 6 (KpHBaH 1). JJ:nH cpaBHeHHH Ha 3TOM JKe pH-
cYHKe nOKa3aHbI perYJIHpOBOqHbIe xapaKTepHcTHKH reHepaTopa He3aBHCHMoro
(KpHBaSi 2) H IIapanneJIbHoro (KpHBaJI 3) B036YJK.u;eHHH. TIocKonbKY npH pa60Te
reHepaTopa C HarpY3KoH MJJ:C IIOCJIe,ll;OBaTenbHoH 06MOTKH KOMIIeHcHpyeT
pa3MarHHqHBaIOIl{ee ,lI;eHCTBHe peaKIJ;HH HKOpH H na,ll;eHHe HaIIpHJKeHHH B ueIIH
HKOpJl, TO, KaK nOKa3bIBaeT KpHBaH 1 Ha pHC. 2.10, 6, ,lI;nH nOMepJKaHHH IIOCTO-
HHCTBa HaIIpHJKeHHH Ha 3aJKHMaX reHepaTOpa IIPH H3MeHeHHH TOKa OT J = 0 ,lI;O
I = I H TOK I B B IIapannenbHoH 06MOTKe .u;onJKeH H3MeHHTbCH OqeHb He3HaqH-
TeJIbHO. ECJIH 06MOTKa B036YJK,lI;eHHH BKnIOqeHa BCTpeqHO, TO ,lI;nH nOMepJKa-
HHH U = const C pOCTOM TOKa HarpY3KH He06xo,ll;HMO 3HaqHTenbHO YBeJIHqH-
BaTb TOK I B B IIapaJIJIenbHOH 06MOTKe (KpHBaH 4 Ha pHC. 2.10, 6).
2.6. Oco6eHHoCTH napaJlJleJlbHOH pa60Tbi reHepaTopoB
nOCTOHHHoro TOKa
2.6.1. YCJIOBHH H nopH)J:oK BKJIIO'IeHHH reHepaTopoB
Ha napaJIJIeJIbHYIO pa60TY
IIpH napanJIeJIbHOH pa60Te reHepaTopoB ,lI;OJIJKHbI BbIIIOnHJlTbCH CJIe-
)J;yIOIWIe YCJIOBHH:
_ IIPH BKnIOqeHHH reHepaTOpa Ha napannenbHYIO pa60TY C ,lI;pyrHM reHe-
paTopOM He ,lI;OnJKHO B03H11KaTb TOnqKOB TOKa, CIIoc06HbIX BbI3BaTb HapYIlleHHH
B pa60Te caMHX reHepaTopoB H IIO,ll;KJIIOqeHHbIX K HHM IIOTpe6HTeJIeH;
I ;1
64
rnaBa 2. reHepaTopbl nOCTOJlHHOrO TOKa
Oco6eHHOCTM napannenbHoM pa60Tbi reHepaTopoB nOCTOJlHHOrO TOKa 65
- 06Il{aJI HarpY3Ka ,lI;onJKHa pacnpe.u;eJIHTbCH MeJK.u;y napaJIJIeJIbHO pa60-
TaIOIl{I1MH reHepaTopaMH no B03MOJKHOCTH paBHoMepHo, IIponOpU 110H aJIbHO HX
HOMHHaJIbHOH MOIl{HOCTH, B IIpOTHBHOM cJIyqae OT,lI;eJIbHbIe reHepaTopbI MorYT
OKa3aTbCH IIeperpYJKeHHbIMH.
B IIapanJIeJIbHOH pa60Te reHepaTopoB He3aBHCHMoro H IIapaJIJIeJIbHOrO
B036YJK,lI;eHHH npaKTHqeCKH HeT HHKaKHX cyrueCTBeHHbIX pa3JIHQ11H, II03TOMY
paccMoTpHM napanneJIbHYIO pa60TY reHepaTopoB IIapanJIeJIbHOrO B036Yj[()J;e-
HHH.
TIpHHUHnHanbHaH cxeMa
IIapanJIeJIbHOH pa60TbI ,lI;BYX re-
HepaTopoB napanneJIbHOrO B03-
6YJK,lI;eHHH npHBe,ll;eHa Ha pHC.
2.11. IIpe,ll;IIOnOIKHM, qTO reHe-
paTop r I pa60TaeT C HeKOTOpoH
HarpY3KOH, C03,l1;aBaH Ha rul-lHaX
HaIIpHJKeHHe U, a reHepaTop r 2
BBO,ll;HTCH B pa6OTY.
qT06bI IIO,ll;KnIOqI1Tb K TeM
JKe IlIHHaM reHepaTOp r 2, He06-
XO,ll;HMO C06JIIOCTH ,lI;Ba YCJIOB11H:
- nOnOJKHTenbHbIH (+) H
OTp11uaTeJIbHbIH ( - ) 3aJKHMbJ
IIO,ll;KnIOqaeMOrO reHepaTopa r 2
,lI;OJIJKHbI 6bITb coe.u;11HeHbI C O,ll;-
HOHMeHHbIMH 3aJK11MaMH ruHH
pa6OTaIOIl{erO reHepaTopa;
- 3JJ:C IIO,ll;KnIOqaeMOrO re-
HepaTopa r 2 ,lI;OJIJKHa 6bITb paBHa
HaIIpHJKeHHIO U.
TIpH C06nIO,lI;eHHH 3THX ycnoBHH IIPH IIo.u;KnIOqeHHH reHepaTopa r 2 K
IlIHHaM C IIOMOIl{bIO py6HJIbHHKa P2 He B03HHKaeT 6pOCKa TOKa H 3TOT reHepa-
TOp IIocne ero BKJIIOqeHHH 6Y,ll;eT pa60TaTb 6e3 HarpY3K11 B peJKHMe xonOCToro
XO,ll;a.
TIpH BKnIOqeHHH reHepaTopa r 2 C HeIIpaBHnbHOH IIOJIHpHOCTbIO B 3aMK-
HYTOH ueIIH, 06pa30BaHHOH JlKOpHMH H ruHHaMH (CM. pHC. 2.11), 3JJ:C 060HX
reHepaTopoB 6Y,ll;YT CKJIa,ll;bIBaTbCH. TaK KaK COIIpOTHBneHHe 3TOH uenH OqeHb
Mano, TO B03HHKHeT OqeHb 60JIbillOH TOK, 6nH3KHH K TOKY IIPH BHe3aIIHOM KO-
pOTKOM 3aMbIKaHHH reHepaTopOB, qTO np11Be,ll;eT K aBapH11 reHepaTopOB H MO-
JKeT HBHTbCH IIPHqHHOH nOJKapa. TIpH IIpaBHJIbHOH IIOJIHpHOCTH, HO IIPH Hepa-
BeHCTBe HaIIpHJKeHHH U Ha IlIHHax 11 3JJ:C E a2 IIO,ll;KJIIOqaeMOrO reHepaTopa r 2 B
YKa3aHHOH ueIIH B03HHKHeT ypaBHHTeJIbHbIH TOK
,
'I
I
II
I
I
I
III
I,
I
v
PHC. 2.11. CxeMa napaJIJIeJIbHOH pa60Tbi reHe-
paTopoB napaJIJIeJIbHOrO B036Y1K.f\eHHH
I I
1111
U-E a2 Eal -1al R al -E a2
1yp
R a2 R a2
BeJIHqHHa KOToporo TaKJKe MOJKeT OKa3aTbCH BeCbMa 60nbllloH.
(2.17)
2.6.2. Pacnpe,D;eJIeHHe H nepeBO,D; HarpY3KH
TIpH IIapanJIeJIbHOH pa60Te reHepaTopoB ux HanpHJKeHHH BCer,ll;a paBHbI,
TaK KaK OHH IIO,ll;KJIIOqeHbI K 06Il{HM ruHHaM. JJ:JIH BapHaHTa ,lI;BYX IIapaJIJIeJIbHO
pa60TaIOIl{HX reHepaTopoB ypaBHeHHH paBHoBecHH HaIIpHJKeHHH B uenH MOJKHO
IIpe,ll;CTaBHTb B CJIe.u;YIOIl{eM BH,lI;e [111]:
+
Eal -1al R al = U = E a2 -1 a2 R a2 ,
(2.18)
oTKy,na, npeHe6peraJI TOKaM:If B036Y)KlleHI1JI reHepaTopoB, ,II,ill.I HarpY3o-qHbIX
TOKOB IIOJIY'laeM COOTHOllIeHHH
h = Eal -U celnlcP l -U } (2.19)
Ral Ral
E a2 -U ca2n2cP2-U
1 2 = = .
R a2 R a2
TIoCJIe IIO,ll;KnIOqeHHH reHepaTopa r2 (CM. pHC. 2.11) K ruHHaM ero He06-
XO,ll;HMO HarpY3HTb TOKOM. If3 1jJ0PMYJI (2.19) B11,l1;HO, qTO .u;JIjj 3Toro HYJKHO
YBeJIHqHTb 3JJ:C reHepaTopa E a2 , KOTOpaH CTaHeT 60JIbIlle HaIIpHJKeHHH U, B pe-
3YJIbTaTe qero B ero HKope B03HHKHeT TOK h. ECJIH 06Il{HH TOK HarpY3KH 1 oc-
TaeTCH HeH3MeHHbIM, TO C IIOHBneHHeM TOKa h TOK h 6Y,ll;eT YMeHbIllaTbCJI. Ec-
JIH IIPH 3TOM E aI He H3MeHHeTCH, TO pa3HOCTb Eal - h Ra He 6Y,ll;eT YJKe paBHa
HanpHJKeHHIO U Ha IlIHHax, CJIe,ll;OBaTeJIbHO, HaIIpHJKeHHe 6Y,ll;eT YBenHqHBaTbCH.
TI03TOMY .u;njj IIOMepJKaHHH U = const O,ll;HOBpeMeHHO C YBeJIUqeHHeM Ea2
HYJKHO YMeHbIIIHTb Eal'
If3MeHJlTb 3JJ:C Ea H Ea2 MOJKHO ,lI;BYMJI IIYTHMH - H3MeHeHHeM TOKa B03-
6Yj[()J;eHHJI 1 B HJIH H3MeHeHHeM qaCTOTbI BpallIeHHjj n.
qacTOTa BpaIl{eHHJI BeTpOKOJIeca B3Y IIo.u;BepJKeHa KOJIe6aHUHM, II03TO-
MY paCIIpe,ll;eJIeHHe TOKOB HarpY3KH reHepaTopOB r I H r2 B03MOJKHO TOJIbKO IIY-
TeM perYJIHpOBaHHH ux TOKOB B036YJK.l{eHUH B03,l1;eHCTBHeM Ha peryJIHTOpbI R61
HR62.
TaK KaK COIIpOTHBJIeHHH HKOpHbIX ueIIeH reHepaTopOB Ral H Ra2 ManbI,
TO ,lI;aJKe He60JIbIllHe H3MeHeHHH TOKOB 1 B I H 1 B2 BbI3bIBaIOT 3HaqUTeJIbHbIe H3-
MeHeHUjj TOKOB h H h . JJ:eHCTBHTeJIbHO, H3MeHeHHe TOKOB I BI H 1 B2 IIpHBO,ll;HT K
H3MeHeHHIO 3JJ:C Eal 11 E a 2. B COOTBeTCTBHH C BbIpaJKeHHeM (2.18) IIPH U =
const H3MeHeHHH Eal H E a2 ,lI;OJIJKHbI KOMIIeHcHpoBaTbcH H3MeHeHHHMH na,ll;eHHH
66
rnaBa 2. reHepaTopbl nOCTOHHHoro TOKa
Oco6eHHOCTM napannenbHoM pa60Tbi reHepaTopoB nOCTOHHHoro TOKa
67
II
II
U
U o
VB
o
I H
11
12
PHC. 2.12. BHcmHHc xapalncpHcTHKH
rCHcpaTopoB
I
III
Oc06eHHOCTbIO 3TOH cxeMbI HB-
nHeTCH HaJIHqHe ypaBHHTenbHoro IIpO-
Bo,u;a, C IIOMOIl{bIO KOToporo COe,ll;HHH-
IOTCH o,u;HoHMeHHbIe 3mKHMbI reHepa-
TOpOB l H 2, K KOTOpbIM IIO,ll;KnIOqeHbI
IIOCJIe,ll;OBaTeJIbHbIe 06MOTKH. YPaB-
HHTeJIbHbIH npoBo,u; II03BonHeT 06ec-
IIeqHTb YCTOHqHBYIO IIapanneJIbHYIO
pa60TY reHepaTopoB, HCKJIIOqHTb H3-
BecTHbIH H3 TeopHH KOJIe6aTeJIbHbIH
IIpoUecc. Ha pHC. 2.13, 6 cxeMa IIa-
paJIJIeJIbHOH pa60TbI IIpe,ll;CTaBJIeHa B
YIIpOIl{eHH0M BH,lI;e (He IIOKa3aHbI IIa-
paJIJIeJIbHbIe 06MOTKH B036YJK,lI;eHHH).
KaK BH,lI;HO H3 pHCYHKa, 06e IIO-
CJIe,ll;OBaTeJIbHbIe 06MOTKH 6JIarOliapH
ypaBHHTenbHoMY IIpOBO,ll;Y BKJIIOqeHbI
napaJIJIeJIbHo. ECJIlI IIO KaKOH-JIH60
npHqHHe 3JJ:C Eal reHepaTopa r I CTa-
HeT 60JIbllie 3JJ:C E a 2 reHepaTopa r 2,
TO B uenH Mej[()J;Y HKOpHMH B03HHKHeT
ypaBHHTeJIbHbIH TOK, BenHqHHa KOTO-
poro OIIpe,ll;eJIHeTCH BbIpaJKeHHeM
Ea! -£a2
I =
YP 2Ra
3TOT ypaBHHTeJIbHbIH TOK He 6YlIeT IIpOTeKaTb qepe3 IIocne,ll;OBaTeJIbHbIe
06MOTKH, H TaK KaK COIIpOTHBneHHe 3THX 06MOTOK O,ll;HHaKOBO, TO TOK11 B HHX
6y,u;YT paBHbI.
3TO paBeHCTBO TOKOB B IIOCJIe,ll;OBaTeJIbHbIX 06MOTKax 6Y,lI;eT COXpaHHTb-
CH IIPH JII060H HarpY3Ke reHepaTopOB.
ECJIH IIapaJIJIeJIbHO pa60TaIOT reHepaTopbI HeO,ll;11HaKOBOH MOIl{HOCTH, TO
COIIpOTHBneHHH HX nOCJIe,ll;OBaTeJIbHbIX 06MOTOK 6y,u;YT He paBHbI. TI03TOMY TO-
KH B IIOCne,ll;OBaTeJIbHbIX 06MOTKax 3THX reHepaTopOB 6y,u;YT paCIIpe,ll;enHTbCH
06paTHO npOIIopUHOHanbHO HX conpOTHBneHHHM.
O,ll;HaKO B nI060M CJIY'Iae, eCJIH nOqeMY-JIH60 YBeJIHqHTCH TOK B IIOCJIe-
,lI;OBaTenbHOH 06MOTKe O,ll;HOrO reHepaTopa, TO B TOH JKe Mepe OH YBeJIHqHTCH H
B IIocne,u;OBaTeJIbHOH 06MOTKe ,lI;pyroro reHepaTopa. B COOTBeTCTBHH C 3THM
o,u;HOBpeMeHHO YBeJIHqaTCH 3JJ:C H HarpY30qHbIe TOKH 060HX reHepaTOpOB H
Kone6aTeJIbHbIH npouecc npOHCXO,ll;HTb He 6Y,ll;eT. B 3THX YCJIOBHHX napanJIeJIb-
HaH pa60Ta reHepaTopOB CMelliaHHOrO B036Yj[()J;eHHH CTaHOBHTCH BIIOJIHe YC-
TOHqHBOH.
2
1
I
(2.20)
ECJIH paCCqHTaHHbIe TaKHM 06pa30M BHelliHHe xapaKTepHCTHKH reHepa-
TOpOB COBIIa,ll;aIOT, TO paCIIpe,ll;eJIeHHe HarpyJKH Mej[()J;y HHMH IIpOHCXO,ll;HT IIpO-
IIOpUHOHaJIbHO »X HOMHHanbHbIM MOIl(HOCTHM, T.e. HalWyqruHM 06pa30M.
2.6.3. Oco6eHHocTH napaJIJIeJIbHOH pa60Tbl reHepaTopoB
CMemaHHoro B036Yj[()J;eHuH
HanpHJKeHHH hRal H hR a 2' TI03TOMY perYJIHpOBaHHe TOKOB B036YJK,lI;eHIUI re-
HepaTopoB He06xo,ll;HMO IIpOH3BO,u;HTb ,lI;OCTaTOqHO IIJIaBHO.
TIpH paCIIpe,ll;eJIeHHH H IIepeBO,ll;e HarpY3KH H3MeHHIOTCH TOKH reJIepaTo-
pOB h H h , a CJIe,u;OBaTeJIbHO, H3MeHHIOTCH HX MOIl{HOCTH. TIpH 3TOM Hapyma-
eTCH 6anaHC MOIl{HOCTeH reHepaTopOB, B pe3YJIbTaTe qero H3MeHHIOTCH qaCTOTbI
BpalU eHHH .
PaBHOMepHoe pacnpe,ll;eJIeHHe HarpyJKH MeJK,lI;y IIapaJIJIenbHO pa60TaIO-
Il(HMH reHepaTopaMH 3aBHCHT TaKJKe OT CTeneHH cOBIIa,ll;eHIUI HX BHeruHHx xa-
paKTepHCTHK. TIYCTb, HanpHMep, BHeruHHe xapaKTepHCTHKH ,lI;BYX reHepaTopOB
O,ll;HHaKOBOH MOIl{HOCTH HMeIOT BH,lI;
KpHBbIX 1 H 2 (PHC. 2.12). TIpe,u;IIOJIO-
JKHM, qTO 06a reHepaTopa BKJIIOqeHbI
IIapanneJIbHO IIPH xonOCTOM XO,ll;e (Ha-
IIpHJKeHHe Ha lliHHax Do). TIpe,ll;IIOJIO-
JKHM ,lI;aJIee, qTO IIPH BKJIIOqeHHH HOMH-
HaJIbHOH HarpY3KH 21 H Ha ruHHax YCTa-
HaBJIHBaeTCH HOMHHaJIbHOe HaIIpHJKe-
HHe U H (O,ll;HHaKOBoe ,lI;nH 060HX reHepa-
TOpOB). 3TOMY HaIIpHJKeHHIO IIO BHelli-
HHM XapaKTepHCTHKaM cooTBeTcTByroT
TOKH HarpY3KH reHepaTopoB II H h. KaK
BH,lI;HO, IIepBbIH reHepaTop, HMeIOIl(HH
60JIee «MJlrKYIO» xapaKTepHCTHKY, 6Y,ll;eT He,ll;OrpYJKeH (1 1 < I H ), a BTOpOH - B Ta-
KOH JKe CTeneHH IIeperpYJKeH (h > I H ).
TaKHM 06Pa30M, K YKa3aHHbIM BbIllie ,u;BYM YCJIOBHHM BKnIOqeHHH reHe-
paTopOB Ha napaJIJIeJIbHYIO pa60TY ,lI;06aBJIHeTCH eIl{e TpeTbe: COBIIa,ll;eHHe OT-
HOCHTeJIbHbIX BHelliHHX xapaKTepHCTHK reHepaTopOB.
ECJIH MOIl(HOCTH napanJIenbHO pa6OTaIOIl(HX reHepaTOpOB He O)l;lfHaKOBbI,
TO 60nee IIpaBHJIbHO 0 pacIIpe,u;eJIeHHH HarpY3KH MeJK,lI;y HHMH MOJKHO CY,ll;HTb,
eCJIH IIpe,ll;CTaBHTb HX BHelliHHe xapaKTepHcTHKH B OTHOCHTeJIbHbIX e,ll;HHHUax:
U=f( ).
I"
IIpHHUHIIHanbHaH cxeMa IIapaJIneJIbHOH pa60TbI reHepaTopoB CMelliaHHO-
1'0 B036Yj[()J;eHHH IIpHBe,ll;eHa Ha pHC. 2.13, a.
I II
II
+
8
+
nOI
n02
+
6
PHC. 2. 13. CxcMa napa.rIJICJIbHOH pa6o-
TbI rCHcpaTopoB CMcmaHHoro B036YJK-
ACHHR
(2.21 )
I' I
I !I
II
I!
;11111
III
11I 1 1
II
III
II
III
'II
1'.11111
II
Iii
I I
1111
68
rnaBa2.reHepaTopblnOCTOHHHorOTOKa
Oco6eHHOCTM napannenbHOM pa60Tbi reHepaTopOB nOCTOHHHoro TOKa
69
YpaBHHTenbHbIH TOK, IIpoTeKaroIWIH MeJK.u;y HKOpHMH, cIIoc06cTByeT BbI-
paBHHBaHHIO nOTeHUHanOB Ha O,ll;HOHMeHHbIX 3aJKHMaX reHepaTopOB. KaK BH,lI;-
HO H3 pHC. 2.13, 6, ypaBHHTeJIbHbIH TOK B reHepaTOpe C 60JIbrueH 3JJ:C ,CKna,ll;bI-
BaeTCH C HarpY30qHbIM TOKOM, a B reHepaTope C MeHbllieH 3JJ:C BbIqHTaeTCH H3
HarpY30qHOrO TOKa. EJIaro,ll;apJl 3TOMY B IIepBoM cnyqae IIa,ll;eHHe HaIIpHJKeHHH B
ueIIH HKOpH laRa B03pacTaeT, a BO BTOpoM - YMeHblliaeTcH. TI03TOMY HaIIpHJKe-
HHe Ha 3aJKHMaX reHepaTopa C 60nbllieH 3JJ:C HeCKOJIbKO IIOHHJKaeTCH, a Ha-
IIpHJKeHHe reHepaTopa C MeHbllieH 3JJ:C, Ha060pOT, HeCKOJIbKO nOBbIlliaeTCH,
T.e. npOHCxO,ll;HT YIIoMHnyToe BbIllie BbIpaBHHBaHHe IIOTeHl{HanOB B TOqKaX 1 H
2 npHCOe,ll;HHeHHH KOHUOB ypaBHHTeJIbHOrO npOBO,ll;a K O,ll;HOHMeHHbIM 3aJKHMaM
reHepaTOpOB.
TIapanneJIbHaH pa60Ta reHepaTopa cMeruaHHoro B036Yj[()J;eHHH IIPH
BCTpeqHOM BKJIIOqeHHH IIapaJIJIeJIbHOH H IIOCne,ll;OBaTeJIbilOH 06MOTOK IIpOTeKa-
eT YCTOHqHBO H IIPH OTCYTCTBHH B cxeMe ypaBHHTeJIbHOrO IIpoBo.u;a. EcJIH npo-
H30H,lI;eT IIO KaKHM-nH60 IIpHqHHaM YBenHqeHHe 3JJ:C H HarpY3KH O,ll;Horo H3
reHepaTOpOB, TO 3T0 BbI30BeT YCHneHHe pa3MarHH'-IHBaroIl{erO ,lI;eHCTBHH IIOCJIe-
,lI;OBaTenbHOH 06MOTKH 3Toro reHepaTopa H BeJIHqHHa ero 3JJ:C CHH3HTCH ,lI;O
IIepBOHaqanbHOrO 3HaqeHHH.
neJIbHOrO B036Yj[()J;eH11H, BHelliHJlH xapaKTepHCTHKa KOToporo HMeeT IIa,ll;aIOIWIH
xapaKTep, IIo,ll;06HOe HBneHHe He B03HHKaeT.
TaKHM 06pa30M, .u;JIH
06eCIIeqeHHH YCTOHqHBOH pa60- U B
TbI reHepaTopa H aKKYMynHTop- Ea
HOH 6aTapeH IIPH 3apH.u;Ke
BHeruHHH xapaKTepHCTHKa reHe-
paTopa ,lI;OnJKHa HMeTb IIa,ll;aro-
Il{HH xapaKTep, qTO ,lI;OCTHraeTCH
BKnroqeHHeM nOCne,ll;OBaTenbHOH
06MOTKH BCTpeqHO C IIapan-
nenbHOH 06MOTKOH.
[1pH H3MeHeHHH TOKa B03-
6YJK,lI;eHHH BHelliHHH xapaKTepH-
CTHKa reHepaTopa IIepeMeliiaeT-
CH napaJInem,HO caMOH ce6e
(KpHBbIe 2',2"). TIpH 3TOM CMe-
llIaeTCH TOqKa IIepeceqeHHH
BHelliHHX xapaKTepHCT11K reHepaTopa H aKKYMYJIHTOpHOH 6aTapeH H H3MeHHeT-
CH BeJIHqHHa 3apHlIHoro TOKa.
2.6.4. Pa60Ta reHepaTopa nOCTOHHHoro TOKa Ha 3apH)J:KY
aKKYMYJIHTOpHOH 6aTapeu
3
lRAli
2
2' 2"
I
I
I
BAli I
I
o
12
1
I,
Poco 2.14. Pa60Ta reHepaTopoB Ha 3apHAKY aK-
KYMYJJHTOpHOU 6aTapeo
2.6.5. Pa60Ta reHepaTopa B 6ycJlep c aKKYMYJIHTOpHOH 6aTapeeH
6aTapeH npH pa3pH,lI;e
BHeruHHH xapaKTepHCTHKa aKKYMYJIHTOpHOH
U AI; =f (I pa3 ) HMeeT BH,lI; IIpHMOH 1 (PHC. 2.15).
C pOCTOM TOKa pa3pH.u;a U
HaIIpHJKeHHe U AI; YMeHbrua-
eTCH Bcne,ll;CTBHe naJJ.eHHH Ha-
UJ
npHJKeH11H Ha BHYTpeHHeM
U2
COIIpOT11BneH11H aKKYMYJIH-
TOpHOH 6aTapeH:
BKJIIOqeHHe reHepaTOpa Ha 3apMKY aKKYMYJIHTOpHOH 6aTapeH IIpOH3BO-
.u;HTCH TaK JKe, KaK H BKnIOqeHHe Ha IIapaJIJIeJIbnyIO pa60TY C .u;pyrHM reHepaTO-
POM: IIpOBepHeTCH IIOJIHpHOCTb H IIpOH3BO,ll;HTCH IIO,ll;perYJIHpOBaHHe HaIIpHJKe-
HHH reHepaTopa ,lI;O 3HaqeHHH U aKKYMYJIHTOpHOH 6aTapeH. qT06bI IIOCJIe
BKJIIOqeHHH YCTaHOBHTb TOK 3apH,lI;KH HYJKHOH BeJIHqHHbI, Heo6xO,ll;HMO IIJIaBHO
YBeJIHqHBaTb TOK B IIapaJIJIeJIbHOH 06MOTKe B036Yj[()J;eHHH [111].
BHelliHHH xapaKTepHCTHKa aKKYMYJIHTOpHOH 6aTapeH IIPH 3apH,lI;Ke
U M = f (I 3ap ) HMeeT BH,u; npHMoH 1 (PHC. 2.14). Ee HaKJIOH KOCH TOKOB OIIpe,ll;e-
nHeTCH BHYTpeHHHM COIIpOTHBJIeHHeM 6aTapeH, a TOqKa rrepeCeqeHHH C OCbIO
Op,ll;HHaT (I 3ap =0) COOTBeTCTByeT ee 3JJ:C B paCCMaTpHBaeMbIH MOMeHT BpeMe-
HH:
V AE = E AE - RAE/ pm' (2.23)
V AE =EAE +R AE / 3Q p-
(2.22)
Ha 3TOM JKe pHCYHKe
nOKa3aHa mielliHHH XapaKTe-
pHCTHKa reHepaTOpa (KpHBaH
2). B 6yljJepHOM peJKHMe BCro
HarpY3KY CeTH IIpHHHMaeT Ha
ce6H reHepaTOp; aKKYMynH-
TopHaH 6aTapeH, K KOTOpOH
reHepaTOp IIO)I;KJIIOqeH IIa-
Ha 3TOM JKe pHCYHKe IIpe,ll;CTaBneHbI BHeIIIHHe XapaKTepHCTHKH reHepa-
Topa IIapaJIJIenbHOro B036YJK,lI;eHHH (KpHBaH 2) H CMelliaHHoro B036YJK,lI;eHHH
(KpHBaJI 3). KaK BH,u;HO H3 pHC. 2.14, eCJIH BKJIIOqHTb Ha 3apH,lI;KY reHepaTOp
CMelliaHHoro B036YJK,lI;eHHH C CHllbHOH IIOCJIe,ll;OBaTeJIbHOH 06MOTKOH, TO ,lI;aJKe
rrpH He60JIblliOH pa3HOCTH MeJK,lI;y EM H Ea B MOMeHT BKnIOqeHHH (Ha pHCYHKe
Ea> EM) MOJKeT YCTaHOBHTbCH 60JIblliOH TOK 3apH,lI;KH 1 2 , Y reHepaTOpa IIapan-
JAb
I I
I I
BAli
o
I
I
Poco 2.15. Pa60Ta reHepaTopa B 6ycJlep c aKKY-
MYJJHTOpHOU 6aTapeeu
I
I
II
I
I
II!'!!I
II
1 11I
II
II
I: Iii!
11 11111
II!IIIII
I IIIi'
IIIII1
Iii'
1,1
Illi II
,II
I I1 111
,I,
I II
I'll,
70
rnaBa 2. reHepaTopbl nOCTOHHHoro TOKa
nepeXOAHble npoLleccbl B reHepaTopax nOCTOHHHoro TOKa
71
panJIenbHO, He pa3pHJKaeTCH, TaK KaK HaIIpJlJKeHHe reHepaTopa IIO,ll;):\epJKHBaeTCH
paBHbIM 3JJ:C EAl).
TIpH BHe3aIIHOM YBeJIHqeHH11 HarpY3KH IIpOH30H,lI;eT CHHJKeHHe HanpHJKe-
HHH reHepaTopa, OHO CTaHeT MeHbrue 3JJ:C EAl) H aKKYMynHTOpHaH' 6aTapeH
IIepeH,ll;eT B peJKHM pa3pMa, IIPHMeT Ha ce6H 3HaqHTeJIbHYIO ,lI;OJIIO TOJI'-lKa Ha-
rpyJKH H 3THM 06JIerqHT peJKHM HCIIOJIb30BaHHH reHepaTopa. Ha pHC. 2.15 no-
Ka3aHO, qTO B HCXO,ll;HOM YCTaHoBHBllieMcH peJKHMe IIPH UI = EAl) TOK 6aTapeH
paBeH nynIO, a reHepaTop OT,lI;aeT B CeTb TOK I. TIpH BHe3aIIHOM TOJIqKe HarpY3-
KH HanpHJKeHHe CH11JKaeTCH ,lI;O 3HaqeHHH U 2 , IIPH 3TOM aKKYMynHTopHaH 6aTa-
peH OT,lI;aeT B CeTb TOK l A E, a YBeJIHqeHHe TOKa reHepaTopa COCTaBJIHeT ......1. EJIa-
rO,ll;apH TOMY, qTO BHeIIIHJlH xapaKTepHcTHKa aKKYMynHTopHoH 6aTapeH H3-3a
MaJIOH BeJIHqHHbI BnyTpeHHero COnpOTHBJIeHHH RAE HMeeT 60nee nOnOrHH xa-
paKTep no cpaBHeHHIO C BHelliHeH xapaKTepHCTHKOH reHepaTopa, OCHOBHYIO
qaCTb TOJIqKa HarpY3KH IIpHHHMaeT Ha ce6H aKKYMYJIHTOpHaH 6aTapeH.
HeHrbI (CM. pHC. 2.5, 6), a 3aTeM IjJHKCHPYeTCH Ha Tpe6yeMoM ypoBHe perYJIHTO-
pOM TOKa B036YJK,lI;eHHH.
B reHepaTOpe C napanneJIbHbIM B036Y)K,lI;eHHeM ,lI;nH KOHTypa «HKOPb -
06MOTKa B036YJK.u;eHHH» (CM. pHC. 2.5, 6) IIPH ycnoBHH, qTO peaKUHH HKOpH H
na,ll;eHHe HanpHJKeHHH B HKope IIpeHe6peJKHMO MaJIbI, MOJKHO IIpHMeHHTb
ypaBHeHHe ,lI;JIH 3JJ:C
. L di6
e=16 R6 + 6-'
dt
AHaJIOrnQHO ,lI;nH U B
. di 6
V 6 =16 R6 +L 6 -.
dt
(2.25)
(2.25,a)
3,l1;eCb 3JJ:C e - BenHqHHa IIepeMeHHaH, 3aBHCHIl{aH OT TOKa B036YJK,lI;eHHH
I B . RoM = EROMfLR B , T.e. COOTBeTCTBYeT peJKHMY, IIPH KOTOpOM 3JJ:C ypaBHoBe-
lliHBaeTCH IIa,ll;eHHeM HaIIpHJKeHHH B aKTHBHOM COIIpOTHBneHHH LR B .
3aIIHlIIeM paBeHCTBO .u;nH ,lI;BYX 1jJ0pM 3aIIHCH 3JJ:C 06MOTKH B036YJK,lI;e-
2.7. TIepeXOLJ;Hble npoueccbl B ['eHepaTopax nOCTOHHHO['O TOKa
2.7.1. COOTHOlneHHH B npo...ecce caMoBo36Yj[()J;eHHH
AHanH3 nepeXO,ll;HbIX IIpOUecCOB BaJKeH ,lI;nH oueHKH 3neKTpOMarHHTHOrO
6bICTpO,ll;eHCTBHSI CHCTeM B036Y)K):\eHHH reHepaTopoB. 06MOTKH B036YJK,lI;eHHH
reHepaTopoB H ,lI;BHraTeJIeH IIOCTOHHHoro TOKa 06JIa,ll;aIOT ,lI;OCTaTOqHO 60nbllioll
HH.u;YKTHBHOCTbIO, BCne,ll;CTBHe qero IIepexo,ll;HbIe IIpoueccbI B HHX npOTeKaIOT .
cpaBHHTeJIbHO Me.u;neHHO. TIpH He3aBHCHMOM B036YJK,lI;eHH11 reHepaTopa OT HC-
TOqHHKa C HaIIpJlJKeHHeM U E MH KOHTypa 06MOTKH B036Y)KlIeHHH CIIpaBe.u;JIHBO
COOTHOllieHHe
HHH:
L ......i6 =w ......cP
6.cp ......t 6......t
(2.26)
AJIJI YCTaHoBHBruerocH peJKHMa HMeeM
(2.24)
L =W ......cP =
6.Cp 6......t 1 6 . 1I0M '
r,ll;e W B - qHCnO BHTKOB rnaBHoro nOJIIOCa; <:D ROM , I B . RoM - YCTaHOBHBIIIHeCH
(HOMHHaJIbHbIe) 3HaqeHHH MarHHTHOrO IIOTOKa H TOKa B036YJK.u;eHHH. B 3TOM
CJIY'Iae pellieHHe ypaBHeHHH npH L B = L B . Cp =const H nyJIeBbIX HaqanbHbIX YC-
JIOBHHX HMeeT BH,lI;
(2.27)
V . L di6
6 =16 R6 + 6-'
dt
IfH.u;YKTHBHoCTb LB HBJIHeTCH nepeMeHHoH BenHqHHOH, TaK KaK MarHHT-
HaH xapaKTepHCTHKa reHepaTOpa HeJI11HeHHa H II03TOMY ypaBHeHHe (2.24)
MOJKHO TOqHO peIIIHTb TOJIbKO qHCJIeHHbIMH MeTO,ll;aMH. TIpH6JIHJKeHHO MOJKHO
IIOJIOJKHTb LB = const H OIIpe,ll;enHTb ero Cpe,ll;Hee 3HaqeHHe H3 CJIe.u;YIOIl{HX co-
06paJKeHHH.
EcnH IIOTOK H 3JJ:C reHepaTopa ,lI;OJIJKHbI HapacTaTb 6bICTpO, 'ITO Tpe6y-
eTCH, HaIIpHMep, B MaruHHax, IIpHMeHHeMbIX B CHCTeMaX aBTOMaTHKH H B HeKO-
TOpbIX THIIaX 3JIeKTpOIIpHBO,ll;OB, TO MarHHTnyIO CHCTeMY y HH": BbIIIOJIHHIOT
nOnHOCTbIO lliHXTOBaHHOH H YMeHblliaIOT nocToHHnyIO BpeMeHH T H . HaH60JIb-
ruHH 31jJljJeKT ,lI;aeT YMeHbllieHHe qHCJIa BHTKOB 06MOTKH B036Y)K,lI;eHHH (B 2 - 3
pa3a) H YCTaHoBKa B ee uellb CneUHaJIbHoro perYJIHTopa. B 3TOM cJIyqae Hapac-
TaHHe TOKa H MarHHTHoro IIOTOKa npOHcXO,ll;HT IIO HaqanbHOMY yqaCTKY 3KCIIO-
16 = 1 6 . 110M (l-e}f B),
(2.28)
r,ll;e T B = LB.cpf L R B - IIOCTOHHHaH BpeMeHH uenH 06MOTKH B036YJK.u;eHHH.
IIepeXO)I;HbIH IIPOUecc IIpOTeKaeT B TeqeHHe BpeMeHH t B = (3...4)T B, 1<0-
Topoe COCTaBJIHeT OKOJIO ceKYH,u;bI ,lI;nH MaJIbIX MaruHH H ,lI;eCHTKOB ceKYH,lI; - .u;JIH
Maru11H Cpe,ll;HeH H 60JIblliOH MOIl{HOCTeH.
TIOCKOJIbKY MarHHTHbIH IIOTOK IIPHHHT IIpOIIOPUHOHaJIbHbIM TOKY B036y-
j[()J;eHHH, ero 3HaqeHHe OIIpe,ll;eJIHeTCJI aHanOrHqHO:
cP = cP 110M (1- e}fB ) . (2.29)
IIpH yqeTe HaCbIllIeHHH, KaK IIOKa3bIBaIOT qHCJIeHHbIe MeTo.u;bI paCqeTa H
pe3YJIbTaTbI 3KcIIepHMeHTa, MarHHTHbIH IIOTOK H3MeHHeTCH TaKJKe IIO 3aKOHY,
6JIH3KOMY K 3KcnOHeHTe (PHC. 2.16). If3MeHeHHe TOKa B036YJK,lI;eHHH HeCKOJIbKO
72
rnaBa2.reHepaTOpblnOCTOHHHOrOTOKa
nepeXO,QHble npOLleCCbl B reHepaTOpaX nOCTOHHHOrO TOKa
73
;
II
I"
I
(lJ. .
I,'"
<I>;,ie
<I{..,
ie
11I1
2
a
6
'I
PHC. 2.16. KpHBbIe H3MeHeHHH MarHHTHoro no-
TOKa H TOKa B036y eHHH npH B036y eHHH re-
HepaTopa nOCTOHHHoro TOKa
l I1I1
1111
1II1
I I'
I
dcP = cP"OM di
dl E"OM dl
IIo,ll;cTaBHB 3TO BbIpaJKeHHe B (2.30), IIonyqHM
[,I
II
II
'Iii
:1111
I
I
E"OM
Ie = Te J dljl':..e
Eoem
3HaqHTeJIbHO 60JIbllIe, qeM
IIPH He3aBHCHMOM B036Y)j(.u;e-
HHH, TaK KaK pa3HOCTb
l':..e = e - IBR B - Bem-rqHHa OT-
HOCHTenbHO He60nbruaH. To-
qHOe 3HaqeHHe BpeMeHH B03-
6YJK,lI;eHHH MOJKHO IIonyqHTb
IIYTeM qHCneHHoro HHTerpH-
pOBaHHH ypaBHeHHH (2.34),
3HaH napaMeTpbI MaruHHbI, ee
xapaKTepHCTHKY XOJIOCTOrO
XO,ll;a H OCTaTOqHYIO 3AC Eo.
IIpH6JI11)j(eHHoe pellIe-
I111C ypaBHeHI1H (2.34) MOJKHO rronyqHTb, IIPHHHB, qTO 3aBHCHMOCTb ......e OT Be-
JIH'IHHbI e H3MeHHeTCH IIO IIapa60JIHqeCKOMY 3aKony:
(2.34)
OB '"
OTJIHqaeTCH OT 3KcnOHeHTbl (KpHBaH i B ). TOK HapaCTaeT ,lI;BYMH "PKO BbIpa)j(eH-
HbIMH CTYIIeHHMH [96].
3TO 06'bHCHHeTCH reM,
qTO Ha HaqanbHOM Y'laCTKe
KpHBOH HaMarHHqHBaHHH ,lI;a-
JKe He60JIbillOMY H3MeHeHHIO
TOKa COOTBeTCTByeT 60JIbillOe
H3MeHeHHe MarHUTHOrO nOTO-
Ka H, CJIe,ll;OBaTenbHO, 60nb-
ruoe HH,u;YKTHBHOe na,ll;eHHe
2 the HanpHJKeHHH H Manoe aKTHB-
Hoe. HaJIHqHe BHxpeBbIX TO-
KOB B MaCCHBHbIX qaCTHX Mar-
HHTOIIpOBO,ll;a (B JlpMe H cep-
.u;eqHHKe IIOJIIOCOB) eIl{e 60JIee
3aMe,ll;nHeT IIpouecc HapacTa-
HHH MarHHTHoro IIOTOKa. BOJIbT-aMIIepHYIO xapaKTepHcTHKY 3Toro COIIpOT11B-
neHHH MOJKHO IIOCTpOHTb, He OIIpe,ll;enHH BenHqHHbI RB IIO H3BeCTHbIM YCTaHO-
BHBIlIHMCJI 3HaqeHHHM E HOM H I B . HoM '
YpaBHeHHe (2.25) MOJKHO IIpe,ll;CTaBHTb B BH,u;e
dcP
We dt = e- I e2, R e = ......e. (2.30)
CKOpOCTb H3MeHeHHH MarHHTHOrO rrOTOKa OIIpe,ll;eJIHeTCH pa3HOCTbIO p_
.u;HHaT xapaKTepHCTHKH XOJIOCTOrO XO,ll;a H BOJIbT-aMIIepHOH xapaKTepHCTHKH
ueIIH B036Yj[()J;eHHH IB RB' qTO KaqecTBeHHO IIOKa3aHO Ha pHC. 2.17.
3JJ:C Ha 3aJKHMaX MaruHHbI BCer,ll;a IIPOIIoPQHoHanbHa IIOTOKY <:D, TaK KaK
<:D/<:D HOM =e/E.,oM. II03ToMY CKOpOCTb H3MeHeHHH 3JJ:C
E
a
6
1m...
I.
PHC. 2.17. KOHTYP «HKOPb - o6MoTKa B036y-
e"HH» H rpacJIHK e = f(iB) AJ1H reHepaTopa C
napaJ1J1eJ1bHbIM B036y eHHeM
l':..e / E"OM = 4U(1- U)......U ,
r,ll;e U=e/E HoM ; ......U= ......e max I EHOM'
TIO,ll;CTaBJIHH 3HaqeHHe......e B (2.34), IIOJIY'laeM
T
Ie = Te J dlj(4E"oM .U(I-U)......U) = E e (2.36)
Eoem 4......U "r dU /
E /U(I-U)
oem
(2.35)
(2.31 )
BbIIIonHHB HHTerpHpOBaHHe, Hai1:)l;eM
(2.37)
Ie =[Te j (4......U)] In[U"oM(I-U oem ) / U oem (1-U"oM)].
(2.32)
IIoJIaraH BenHq11ny OCTaTOqHOH 3JJ:C E OCT "" 0,05 E HOM , nOJIyqaeM, qTO
BpeMH B036YJK,lI;eHHH .u;o 3HaqeHHH e = 0,95 E HOM COCTaBJIHeT
Ie = [Te 1(4......U)] In [95.95/5.5] "" (3/2)T e /......U.
(2.33)
(2.38)
T.e. HMeeT TO JKe 3HaqeHHe, qTO H IIPH He3aBHCHMOM B036Yj[()J;eHHH. O)I;HaKO
BpeMH B036Yj[()J;eHHH
BeJIHqHHa l':..U 3aBHCHT OT K031jJljJHUHeHTa HaCbIIl{eHHH K Hac MarHHTHOH
CHCTeMbI B YCTaHOBHBllleMCH peJKHMe. IIpH 3HaqeHHHX K Hac = 1,5...3,0 BeJIH-
q11Ha ...... U Max 0,25...0,5 H BpeMJI caMoB036YJK,lI;eHHH HeCKOJIbKO 60JIbille
YKa3aHHoro 3HaqeHHH.
A _ W cP"OM di _ T di
ue- e--- B-.
E"OM dl dl
TIOCTOHHHaJI BpeMeHH onpe.u;eJIJIeTCJI COOTHOllIeHHeM
Te = WecP"OM JE HOM = WecP HoM jI e . HoM 2, R e'
I I
I: I
, I1 II1
I
I' ,I
II
I!
I'
1111
Ii
I 'I
II
fl,[1 I
III
' I ,
III
II' [I
111\ I!
I I '
II
II
I I
74
rnaBa 2. reHepaTopbl nOCTOJlHHOrO TOKa
nepeXO,QHble npoLleccbl B reHepaTopax nOCTOSlHHoro TOKa
75
2.7.2. BHe3anHoe KOpOTKOe 3aMbiKaHue
<:DH3HqeCKHe npoueccbI IIPH BHe3aIIHOM KOpOTKOM 3aMbIKaHHH (BK3) re-
HepaTopoB C pa3nHqHbIMH CHCTeMaM11 B036YJK,lI;eHHH IIpOTeKaIOT aHanOtHqHO, a
BeJIHqHHa BCIIJIeCKa HKOpH IIpaKTHqeCKH He 3aBHCHT OT CHCTeMbJ B036Yj[()J;eHHH
[96].
TIpe,ll;IIOJIOJKHM, qTO .u;o BK3 reHepaTop He3aBHCHMoro B036YJK,lI;eHHH pa-
60TaJI B peJKHMe XOJIOCTOrO XO,ll;a H HMeJI 3HaqeHHe TOKa B036YJK,lI;eHHH leo,
MarHHTHoro IIOTOKa <:Do H 3JJ:C Eo.
B nepBbIH MOMeHT nocne BK3 B IJ;eIIH HKOpH, 3aMKHYTOH HaKopoTKO
(pHC. 2.18, a), IIPOHCXO.u;HT 6bIcTpoe HapacTaHHe TOKa, CKOpOCTb KOToporo OII-
pe,ll;eJISIeTCH BeJIHqHHOH 3JJ:C H napaMeTpaMH KOpoTK03aMKHYTOH UeIIH. JJ:JIH
3Toro MOMeHTa CIIpaBe,ll;nHBO ,lI;Hlj:>lj:>epeHUHaJIbHOe ypaBHeHHe
., , di k
Eo =zkRa +La-,
dt
, L ( )
T6 = ---" 2.42
R6
r,ll;e R' B H L' B - IIepeXO,ll;HbIe napaMeTpbI uenH B036YJK,lI;eHHH.
. TIo TaKHM JKe IIPHqHHaM, qTO H ,lI;nH ueIIH HKOpH, L' B < LB, R' B >R B .
BCJIe,ll;CTBHe YMeHbrueHHH 3JJ:C 110 3HaqeHHH Ey IIpOHCXO,ll;HT CHHIKeHHe
TOKa JlKOpH OT IK'm ,lI;O HeKoToporo YCTaHoBHBlllerocH 3HaqeHHH
(2.39)
Ey
I -
y-R
a
3TO CHHIKeHHe TOKa Ia IIpOHCXO,ll;HT C nOCTOHHHOH BpeMeHH T' B' 3aBHCH-
MOCTb Ik = f (t) IIpe,ll;CTaBJIeHa Ha pHC. 2.18, 6.
KaK BH,u;HO, IIPH BK3 TOK HKOpH CHaqana pe3Ko B03pacTaeT (IIpHMepHO,ll;O
15 I H ), a 3aTeM IIOCTeIIeHHO YMeHbliiaeTCH,lI;O Iy.
BeIIH'IHHa MaKCHMaJIbHOrO TOKa K.3. OIIpe,ll;enHeTCH COOTHOllIeHHeM
l' _ E
k - R' ,
a
(2.43)
r,ll;e R' a H L' a - IIepeXO,ll;HbIe 3HaqeHHH aKTHBHOrO COIIpOTHBneHHH H HH.u;yKTHB-
HOCTH HKOpHOH uenH.
(2.44)
COIIpOTHBJIeHHe R' a BbIllie
3HaqeHHH Ra B HopManbHOM YCTa-
HOBHBrueMcH peJKHMe, a L' a MeHb-
llIe, qeM La YCTaHoBHBruerocH pe-
JKHMa.
CKOpOCTb HapacTaHHH TOKa
i K IIPH BK3 OIIpe.u;eJISIeTCH IIepe-
XO,ll;HOH IIOCTOHHHOH BpeMeHH ue-
IIH HKOpSi
T' = L
a R
PellIeHHe HCXO,ll;HOrO ,lI;HIj:>-
lj:>epeHWIanbHoro ypaBHeHHH (2.39)
,lI;aeT B03paCTaIOruyro COCTaBJISlIO-
Il{yro TOKa KopOTKoro 3aMbIKaHHH
t
i kl =Ikm(l-e-T ), (2.41)
r,ll;e I' kIn - MaKCHManbHbIH TOK KOpOTKOro 3aMbIKaHHH npH YCJIOBHH Ea = const.
O,ll;HaKO BCJIe,ll;CTBHe pa3MarHHqHBaIOIl{erO ,lI;eHCTBHH peaKIJ;HH HKOpH IIO-
TOK <:Do y6bIBaeT ,lI;O HeKOToporo 3HaqeHHH <:Dy H, COOTBeTCTBeHHO, CHHJKaeTCH
BeJIHqHHa 3JJ:C OT Eo .u;o Ey. Y6bIBaHHe 3JJ:C H IIOTOKa IIpOHCXO.u;HT IIO 3KCIIO-
HeHUHanbHOMY 3aKOHY C IIOCTOHHHOH BpeMeHH ueIIH B036YJK,lI;eHHH
:fZ-r
'Kl@J
3t4>0
1 60
I' l K
K.'>I
I'
K
o
6
a
o
6
PHC. 2.18. TOK HKOpH H B036Y1K.f\eHHH npH
BHe3anHOM KOpOTKOM 3aMblKaHHH reHepa-
Topa nOCTOHHHoro TOKa
rl\e E' a - 3,lJ,C HKOpH B MOMeHT BCIIJIecKa TOKa.
BpeMH ,lI;OCTHJKeHHH MaKCHManbHoro TOKa I' K COCTaBJIHeT t M ,., 0,02 -
- 0,04 c.
TIO.u;06HbIe IIpoueCCbI IIpOHCXO,ll;HT H B 06MOTKe B036YIK,lI;eHHH (OB). 113-
3a pe3Koro CHHJKeHHH IIOTOKa B036YJK,lI;eHHH IIO,ll; ,lI;eHCTB11eM peaKIJ;HH HKOpH B
OB HH,lI;yKTHpYeTCH ,lI;OIIOJIHHTenbHaH COCTaBJIHIOIl{aH TOKa, HaIIpaBJIeHHaH co-
rnaCHO C HaqanbHbIM TOKOM B036Yj[()J;eHHH lBo, IIpHqeM 06Il{HH TOK B036Yj[()J;e-
HHH ,lI;OCTHraeT ,lI;BYX-TpeXKpaTHOrO 3HaqeHHH OT HaqanbHoro.
3aKOH HapaCTaHHH TOKa i B TaKOH JKe, 'ITO H ,lI;JIH TOKa HKOpJl la, a ero y6bI-
BaHHe OT MaKCHManbHoro 3HaqeHHH I' BM ,lI;O YCTaHOBHBlllerOCH I By npOHCXO,ll;HT C
TOH JKe IIOCTOHHHOH BpeMeHH T' B' KpHBa» i B = f (t) npe.u;CTaBneHa Ha
pHC. 2.18, B.
ECTecTBeHHo, qTO BK3 HBJIHeTCH BeCbMa OIIaCHbIM ,lI;JIH reHepaTopa, TaK
KaI{ 3HaqHTeJIbHbIe BcnneCKll TOKa HKOpH IIpllBO)J;HT K HarpeBY 06MOTOK, B03-
HHKHOBeHHIO B HHX OIIaCHbIX MeXaHHqeCKHX yCHnHH, a TaKJKe HapyIlleHHIO
KOMMYTaWIH, BIIJIOTb ,lI;O 06pa30BaHHH Ha KonneKTope KpyroBoro orHH. KpoMe
Toro, C HapacTaHHeM TOKa HKOpH IIpOHCXO,ll;HT CTonb JKe cTpeMHTeJIbHOe B03-
pacTaHHe TOpM03Horo 3neKTpOMarH11THOrO MOMeHTa Ha ero BaJIY, KOTOpbIH
MOJKeT IIpeBbIruaTb HOMHHanbHbIH MOMeHT B 5 - 12 pa3 H IIpHBO,ll;HTb K He,ll;O-
rryCTHMbIM MeXaHHqeCKllM HaIIpHJKeHHHM cKpyqHBaHHH Bana. JJ:JIH IIpHBO,ll;HOrO
,lI;BHraTenH (BeTpOKOJIeca) C03,l1;aIOTCH OIIaCHOCTH pa3pyrueHHH JIOIIacTeH.
ley
t
(2.40)
III
: illl
76
rnaBa2.reHepaTopblnOCTO HHorOTOKa
3neKTpM',jeCKa CMCTeMa B3Y C reHepaTOpOM nOCTO HHOrO TOKa
77
: 1,11 i
III!
1I' 1
II!
III,
:1
II'
1\
I II
II
I I
I Iii
1 1 1 1 ' . 1
'I"
I
II! I
I
I!I I II'
ill
I I
III I
li,III,1
1 1 ' 1 !\
II I
II II
2.8. 3J1eKTpHIJeCKaH CHCTeMa B3Y C reHepaTopoM
nOCTOHHHoro TOKa
Ha pHC. 2.19 npHBe,u;eHo B KaqeCTBe npHMepa KpaTKoe OIIHCIDlHe 3neK-
TpHqeCKOH CHCTeMbI B3Y C reHepaTopoM nOCTOJlHHOrO TOKa, a Ha p11c. 2.20
nOKa3aHbI pe3ynbTaTbI HcnbITaHHH IIPH pa3nHqHbIX cKopocnlx BeTpa [110].
-fJ
< GI'H!
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
K3
380B 50rl1
HYJIH, ljJa3bI, He,u;onycTHMoe na,u;eHHe HaIIp»JKeHH», nepeKoc H np.) cpa6aTbIBaeT
KOMMYTHpYIOIl{a» aIInapaTYPa, B3Y OTKJIIOqaeTCH OT ceTH H nepexo,u;HT Ha aB-
TOHOMHoe 3JIeKTpOCHa6JKeHHe. qacToTa, ljJa3a Ii ypoBeHb HaIIp»JKeHHJI Kaj[()J;oro
MO,u;YJIJI CTaHOBHTCH aBTOHOMHbIMH,
TIepexo,u; C Be,u;OMoro COCTO»HHJI Ha aBTOHOMHOe IIPOHCXOL\HT aBTOMaTH-
'IeCKH. TIpH BOCCTaHOBneHHH napaMeTpoB BHeIIIHeH ceTH CHCTeMa TaKJKe aBTO-
MaTH'IeCKH nepexo,u;HT Ha Be,u;OMoe COCTO»HHe.
TIpH pa60Te C BHeruHeH CeTbIO B cJIyqae ,u;JIHTeJIbHOrO OTCYTCTBHH BeTpa
ypoBeHb 3aIIaceHHoH B aKKYMYJIJITOPHbIX 6aTapeHx 3HeprHH aBTOMaTHqeCKH
BOCCTaHaBnHBaeTCH BCTpoeHHbIM B MO)J;yJIb 3apJlL\HbIM YCTpOHCTBOM. B cnyqae
nepe3apMKu aKKYMYJIHTOpOB npH aBTOHOMHOM peJKHMe H3nHIIIKH 3HeprHH
c6pacbIBaIOTc» Ha 6aJIJIaCTHoe COnpOTHBJIeHHe R (HarpeBaTenb).
TIpH Hcnonb30BaHHH CHCTeMbI KaK aBTOHOMHOH O,u;HOIjJa3HOH npe,ll;Y-
cMoTpeHa CHHxpoHH3aQHH Mo,u;YJIeH no ljJa3e H IjJYHKWIoHHpoBaHHe HX B O)I;HO-
IjJa3HOM peJKHMe. MOIl{HOCTb B TaKOM cnyqae paBHa 3 KET. TIpM BeTpoBbIx Ha-
rpY3Kax aKKYMYJIHTOpbI nOCTO»HHO 3apIDKaIOTc» OT BeTporeHepaTopa, H3JIHIIIKH
BeTpOBOH 3HeprHH MorYT 6bITb YTHJIH3HpoBaHbI B TeIIJIO (CM. pHC. 2.20).
B 11HBepTOpHbIX MO,u;y-
JIJIX nOCTOJlHHbIM TOK IIpe06pa-
3yeTCJI B nepeMeHHbIH CHHY-
COHlIaJIbHbIH TOK C HaIIpJlJKeHH-
eM 220 B, 50 rl{ C K031jJ1jJ11l{H-
eHTOM rapMOH11K MeHee 5% H
BTOPHqHO cTa6HnH3HpyeTc».
Ero qaCTOTa H ljJa3a 3a,u;aIOTC»
BHeruHeH ceTbIO. B pe3YJIbTaTe
BHeruH»JI 3neKTpoceTb IIOJIyqa-
eT IIo,u;nHTry OT B3Y, CqeTqHK
3JIeKTp11qeCKOH 3Hepr11H IjJHK-
cHpyeT CHHJKeHHe nOTpe6JIeHHJI
3Hepr11H H3 ceTH.
B cnyqae B03HHKHOBeHHR
HellITaTHOH CHTyaIJ;HH ( 06PbIB
2.9. COrJlaCOBaHHe napaMeTpoB reHepaTopa nOCTOHHHoro TOKa
C xapaKTepHcTHKaMu BeTpoTYPOUH pa3J1HIJHOrO THna
2.9.1. MOlI{HOCTHLIe xapaKTepHCTHKH BeTpoTyp6HH
pa3JIH'IHOrO THna
He06xo,u;HMbIM YCJIOBHeM 31jJljJeKTHBHoH pa60TbI BeTp0ycTaHOBKH »BJIR-
eTC» COrJIaCOBaHHe napaMeTpoB 3JIeKTpOreHepaTOpa C xapaKTepHcTHKaMH BeT-
POryp6HHbI. 3T0 03HaqaeT OTbICKaHHe HaHBbIro,u;HeHIllero pa60qero peJKHMa
BeTp03JIeKTpHqeCKoro arperaTa.
K Ba:1KHbIM a3po,u;HHaMHqeCKliM xapaKTepHcTHKaM BeTporyp6HHbI OTHO-
CHTC» K031jJljJHQHeHT HCnOJIb30BaHHJI 3HeprnH BeTpa C p , 3aBHCHMOCTb KOToporo
OT 6bICTpOXO,u;HOCTH Z ,lI;nH Pa3JIHqHbIX BeTporyp6HH npe,u;cTaBneHa Ha pHC. 1.7.
Kaj[()J;aH xapaKTepHcTHKa C p = feZ) MOJKeT 6bITb YCJIOBHO pa36HTa Ha JIe-
Byro H npaByro BeTBH, nJIaBHO conp»raIOIl{Hec» B TOqKe MaKCHMaJIbHOH MOIl{HO-
CTH, npHqeM JIeBaH BeTBb HCXO,u;HT H3 HYJIH, HMeeT O,u;HH neperH6, a npaBaJI
BeTBb nepern60B He HMeeT H IIJIaBHO npHXOL\HT B TO'IKY MaKCHMaJIbHOH 6bICT-
POXOL\HOCTH (CM. pHC. 1.8 Ii 1.9). Bce KpHBbIe Ha pHC. 1.7, KpoMe KpHBOH 1 H,lI;e-
aJIbHOH 31jJljJeKTHBHoCTH BeTpoTyp6HHbI, no,u;qHHeHbI 3THM YCJIOBHJIM H HX pac-
qeT BbIIIOJIHHeTC» no 3aBHCHMOCT»M (1.17) - (1.35), AHaJIOrHqHOe IIOBe,u;eHMe
MOIl{HOCTHbIX xapaKTepHCTHK npOCJIeJKHBaeTc» H IIPH paCqeTe HX IIO MeTo,u;HKe,
npe,u;JIOJKeHHOH B pa60Te [138].
PaC'IeTHbIe napaMeTpbI XapaKTepHCTHK npOIIeJIJIepHbIX BeTpoKOJIeC, npo-
IjJHJIb nma «3cnepo» 15-npoQeHTHoH TonIl{HHbI, npe,u;cTaBneHbI B Ta6JI. 1.3, a
PUC. 2.19. <1>YHKI.\UOH3J1bHaH cxeMa KOMnJIeKCa B3Y c reHepaTopoM nOCTOHHHoro TOKa
3JIeKTp03HeprnJl OT BeTpoarperaTa B3Y H)l;eT BHaqane Ha 3apJl,u;ry aKKY-
MYJIHTOpHOH 6aTapeH, r,u;e Hanp»JKeHHe nepBOHaqaJIbHO CTa6HJIH3HPYeTC», H
,u;aJIee OHa IIocTynaeT Ha TpH o,u;HOKHnOBaTTHbIX 11HBepTOpHbIX MO,u;YJIH, Be,u;o-
MbIX ceTbIO.
P TenJlO
,;'
/ aKKYMYJl TOP
I
I
I
/ V
KBT
3,0
2,5
2,0
1,5
1,0
o,s
o
B
12 16 20 24 M/c
4
Puc. 2. 20. 3HepreTUQeCKaH xapaKTepucTuKa
B3Y C reHepaTopoM nOCTOHUHoro TOKa
111
.
I:
.1,1
III
III
Ili III
Illilll
III
11'1 111
II!I
I
'IIII
III!I
I !I
illll.::
78
rnaBa 2. reHepaTopbl nOCTOJlHHOrO TOKa
CornaCOBaHMe napaMeTpoB reHepaTopa nOCTOJlHHOrO TOKa
C xapaKTepMCTMKaMM BeTpoTyp6MH pa3nM',jHOrO nma
79
PaCqeTHaH pa60qaH
TOqKa ,u;onJKHa COOTBeTCT-
BOBaTb MaKcHMYMY Cp npH
HOMHHaJIbHOH 6bICTpOXO,u;-
HOCnr. IIpH 3TOM 3a HOMH-
HaJIbHyro CKOpOCTb BeTpa
npHHHMaeM cpe,u;Hero,u;oByro
CKOpOCTb BeTpa B ,u;aHHoM
paHoHe V H = V cpo TaKHM
06Pa30M, ecnH cpe,ll;Hero,u;o-
BaH CKOpOCTb BeTpa B ,lI;aH-
HOM paHoHe COCTaBJIHeT
5 M/c, TO xapaKTepHCTHKa
reHepaTopa G nepeCeqeT
3KCTpeMYM KpHBOH P = fen),
COOTBeTCTBYIOIl{eH 5 M/c.
MaKCHMaJIbHOe COOTBeTCT-
BHe reHepaTOpa BeTpoKonecy no MOIl{HOCTH 6y,u;eT 06eCneqeHO, ecn11 KPHBaH G
npOXO)I;HT qepe3 3KcTpeMYMbI Bcex I<pHBbIX (CM. pHC. 2.22).
TaKHM 06Pa30M, COrJIaCHO pHC. 2.22 HOMHHaJIbHaH MOIl{HOCTb BeTporyp-
6HHbI P B = 23 BT npH HOMHHaJIbHOH CKOpOCTH BpaIl{eHH» n HOM = 500 06/MHH.
HOMHHaJIbHaH CKOpOCTb BpaIl{eHHH BeTpOTyp6HHbI TaKJKe onpe,u;enHeTc» no
1jJ0pMYJIe
r,u;e D - ,u;HaMeTp BeTpoKOJIeCa (D = 0,9, V HOM = 5 M/c, Z = ZHOM = 4,706).
MOIl{HOCTb reHepaTopa oIIpe,u;eJIHeTc» H3 HOMHHaJIbHOH MOIl{HOCTH BeT
pOKOJIeCa IIO COOTHOIlleHHIO
P = P B TJrnax TJ3JI, (2.47)
r,u;e TJrnax, TJ3JI - KTI)J: MeXaHH'IeCKHX nepe,u;aTOqHbIX Y3JIOB (TpaHcMHccHH, IIO,ll;-
IIIHnHHKOB H ,u;p.) H 3neKTporeHepaTopa.
Ba:amoH 3a,ll;aqeH »BJIHeTC» npoeKTHpoBaHHe B3Y, no,u;60p MOMeHTHoH
xapaKTepHcTHKH reHepaTopa, 06eCIIeqHBaIOIl{eH CTaTHqecKYIO YCTOHqHBOCTb
BeTp03HepreTHqeCKoro arperaTa B YCTaHoBHBIlleMc» peJKHMe. 3Ta 3a,ll;aqa pe-
ruaeTC» II M COBMeIl{eHHH x:apaKTepHcTHKU 3JIeKTpOMarHHTHoro MOMeHTa
ConpoTHBneHH» reHepaTOpa C MOMeHT oH xapaKTepHcTHKOH BeTporyp6HHbI
[126]. AJI» 3Toro HaXO)I;HTC» PM cooTHorueHHH.
YCTaHOBHBIIIHHCH peJKHM pa60TbI BeTpoYCTaHOBKH onpe,u;eJIHeTC» H3 YC-
JIOB11Jl
IIO ,u;aHHbIM 3TOH Ta6nH[(bI Ha pHC. 2.21 IIoCTpoeHbI 3aBHCHMOCTH Zopt(O"nepu«!»,
CPmax(O"nepu«!» H Zmax(O"nepu«!».
Zopt
Zmax
C pmax
0,54
12
1 I
\ pmax
-- -.....
" / '" ........ r--...
\ / ......
\. -...... f<- Zmax
/ - ..L
')(
/ -
7 Zopt
. "i
16
0,52
o,s
8
0,48
4
0,46
o
0,44
0,2 0,4 0,6 0.8 1,0 O'nepl1«lJ
Puc. 2.21. OCI10BI1Lle napaMeTpLI MOII(HOCTHLIX xapaKTepl1CTI1K
3TH IjJYHK[(HH MorYT 6bITb annpOKCHMHpOBaHbI ypaBHeHH»MH (1.32) -
(1.34).
Ha OCHOBaHHH MOIl{HOCTHbIX xapaKTepHcTHK, npeL\CTaBJIeHHbIX B aHaJIH-
THqeCKOM BH,u;e, BbIpaJKeHH» )!;JIH MOMeHTHbIX xapaKTepHcTHK nOJIyqaIOTC» 113
CB»3H MeJK,lI;Y K031jJIjJH[(HeHTOM MOIl{HOCTH 11 K031jJIjJH[(HeHTOM MOMeHTa:
c
c = J!.. ( 2.45 )
m Z'
IIonyqeHHbIe aHaJIHTHqeCKHe 3aBHCHMOCTH )!;JIH 3HepreTHqeCKHX xapaK-
TepHcTHK BeTpoKOJIeC Pa3JIHqHOrO THna II03BOJIHIOT Ha CTa,ll;HH npoeKTHpoBaHH»
BbI6paTb THn BeTpoKOJIeCa B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT He06xo,u;HMbIX BenHqHH K031jJ1jJH-
[(HeHTOB 6bICTpOXO,u;HOCTH H MOIl{HOCTH npH HOMHHaJIbHOM peJKHMe pa60TbI
BeTp0ycTaHoBKH.
MaKCHMaJIbHbIH K031jJIjJH[(HeHT HCnOJIb30BaHH» 3HeprnH BeTpa nonyqaeT-
c» HaXOJK,lI;eHHeM 3KcTpeMYMa KpHBOH Cp = f (Z).
BbIIIOJIHHB nepeCqeT xapaKTepHcTHKH C p = f (Z), CTpOHM 3aBHCHMOCTb
MOIl{HOCTH BeTpOTyp6HHbI OT qHCJIa 060POTOB ,u;JIH pa3JIHqHbIX CKopocTeH BeTpa
(PHC. 2.22). PaccMoTpHM IIpHMep nocTpoeHH» xapaKTepHCTHK.
2.9.2. COBMell{eHHe MOIIJ;HOCTHblX xapaKTepHCTHK BeTpOTyp6HH
H reHepaTopoB
06bIqHO paCqeT napaMeTpoB BeTp0ycTaHoBKH npoH3BO,ll;HTC» ,lI;JIH HOMH-
HaJIbHOro peJKHMa pa60TbI.
BT
60
50
40
30
20
10
o
p
200
400
600
800
n
06/MHH
PI1C. 2.22. COBMelI(eHHLle pa6o<me xapaKTepl1CTH-
KI1 BeTpOTYP611HLI 11 ::JJ1eKTpOreHepaTopa
60V. Z
n = ;;M [06/MHH],
(2.46)
M B = Me,
(2.48)
1 1
III
II
II!IIII
r
1,1
"I
I'
I
I I II
I II
III
\1\
80
rnaBa 2. reHepaTopbl nOCTOJlHHOrO TOKa
CornaCOBaHMe napaMeTpoB reHepaTOpa nOCTOJlHHOrO TOKa
C xapaKTepMCTMKaMM BeTpoTyp6MH pa3nM',jHOrO nma
81
r,u;e M B - Bparu;aIOIl{HH MOMeHT BeTpoTyp6HHbI;
Me - MOMeHT COnpOTHBJIeHHH BeTporeHepaTopa .
3HaqeHHe M B onpe,u;emleTC» H3 BbIpa)KeHHJI
3 pV 2
M B =C M 7£R BT -
2
(2.49)
Tep»M B CTaJIH H MeXaHHqeCKHM nOTep»M. JJ:JIH npaKTHqeCKHX paCqeTOB MOJKHO
11CnOJIb30BaTb TonbKO 3neKTpoMarHHTHbIH MOMeHT conpOTHBneHHH,
JJ:JIH ynporu;eHHH paCqeTOB npHHHMaeM <:D = const H HCIIonb3yeM K03IjJ-
IjJHQHeHTbI C e = kc<:D; C M = kM<:D. OqeBu,u;HO, '-!TO C M = 9,55c e . K03IjJIjJHQHeHT C e
onpe,u;emleTCH HOMHHaJIbHbIMH ,u;aHHbIMH reHepaTopa:
r,u;e RsT - Pa)l;HYC BeTpOTyp6HHbI; - OTHOCHTeJIbHbIH MOMeHT BeTpOTyp-
6HHbI; p - MaCCOBaH IIJIOTHOCTb B03)J;yxa; V - CKOpOCTb BeTpa.
ComaCHO pa60Te [122] XapaKTepHCTllKa pa3MepHbIX MOMeHTOB BeTpOKO-
JIeca (PHC. 2.23) IIepeC'IHTbIBaeTC» H3 x:apaKTepHCTHKH OTHOCHTeJIbHOrO MO-
MeHTa.
C e = U H +IHRfI (2.54)
n H
YpaBHeHHe 3JIeKTpOMarHHTHoro MOMeHTa B 3TOM cnyqae IIpHHHMaeT BH,u;
M = cecMn - UC M (2.55)
e R
IIo,u;cTaBJIR» B (2.48) nonyqeHHoe 3HaqeHHe Bparu;aIOIl{erO MOMeHTa BeT-
pOTyp6HHbI (2.49) H MOMeHTa corrpOTHBJIeHHJI reHepaTopa (2.55), nonyqaeM
ypaBHeHHe
MOMeHT ConpOTHBne-
HHJI, C03,u;aBaeMbIH reHepaTO-
pOM rrOCTORHHoro TOKa C rra-
paJIJIeJIbHbIM B036YJKJIeHHeM,
CB»3aH C TOKOM JlKOp» H Mar-
HHTHbIM IIOTOKOM 3aBHCHMO-
CTbIO
Me = k M cI>I, (2.50)
pN
r,u;e k M = 2= - K03IjJIjJHQH-
eHT, 3aBHC»IWIH OT KOHCT-
PYKTHBHbIX ,lI;aHHbIX reHepa-
TOpa.
B YCTaHoBHBrueMcH
peJKHMe Hanp»JKeHHe reHepa-
Topa onpe,u;eJIReTC» H3 BbIpa-
JKeHHH
U = IR + E, (2.51)
r,ll;e 1- TOK B HKOpHOH QenH; R - CYMMapHoe conpOTHBneHHe »KOpHOH QeIIH;
E - 3)J;C reHepaTopa, onpe,u;eJIHeMOe no 1jJ0pMYJIe
E = kc n<:D, (2.52)
0,8
1,0 M B
3 pV 2 cecMn-Uc M
C M 7£R BT -
2 R
0,6
(2.56)
0,4
ECJIH yqeCTb, 'ITO = f (ZHOM)' U = U HOM , R = R HOM , TO pemaeM ypaBHe-
H11e (2.56) OTHOCHTeJIbHO He3aBHCHMoro K031jJljJHQHeHTa C e )!;JIR pa60qeH TOqKH,
COOTBeTCTBYIOIl{eH CPmax )!;JIR HOMHHaJIbHOH CKOpOCTH BeTpa V = V HOM'
Ha pHC. 2.24 npe,u;cTaBneHa
MOMeHTHaH xapaKTepHcTHKa reHe- 1,0
paTopa G, no,u;06paHHaH TonbKO )!;JIR
HOMHHaJIbHOrO peJKHMa pa60TbI. 0,8
IIpH 3TOM MOJKHO OTMeTHTb, qTO
MOMeHT BeTpOTyp6HHbI He,u;OHC- 0,6
rrOnb30BaH Ha CKOpOCTJlX BeTpa,
rrpeBbIruaIOIl{HX HOMHHaJIbHYIO. IIo-
3TOMY Ha1160JIee npHeMJIeMOH MO- 0,4
MeHTHOH xapaKTepHCTHKOH reHepa-
Topa 6Y,lI;eT KPHBaH, rrpOXOMliiaH 0,2
'Iepe3 pa60qHe TO'IKH, COOTBeTCT-
BYIOllIHe CPmax ,lI;n» Bcero ,lI;HaIIa30-
Ha pa60qHX CKopocTeH BeTpa.
TaKHM 06Pa30M, IIO KPHBbIM
Pr = fen) H M r = fen) C Y'IeTOM 3Ha-
'1eHHJI C e H Tpe6yeMblx HOMHHaJIb-
HbIX ,u;aHHbIX BbI6HpaeTCJI reHepaTop
H IIapaMeTpbI ero QeneH.
0,2
o
4DO
n
800 06/MUH
n
PUC. 2.23. XapaKTepucTuKa p83MepHLIx MOMeH-
TOB BeTpOTyp6uHLI
r,ll;e
kc = pN - K031jJIjJHUHeHT, 3aBHCRIl{HH OT KOHCTpYKTHBHbIX ,lI;aHHbIx re-
60a
HepaTOpa.
IIo,ll;cTaBJIHH BbIpaJKeHHJI (2.51) H (2.52) B (2.50), nony'IaeM ypaBHeHue
3JIeKTpoMarHuTHoro MOMeHTa COnpOTHBneHHH reHepaTopa
M = nkCkMC/J2 -UkMC/J
e R
CJIe,ll;YeT OTMeTHTb, qTO Bparu;aIOru;HH MOMeHT Ha BaJIY reHepaTopa ,u;OJI-
JKeH 6bITb 60nbIlle 3JIeKTpoMarHHTHoro Ha BeJIH'-IHHY, COOTBeTcTBYIOnryIO IIO-
o
200 400 600 800 06/MHH
(2.53)
PUC. 2.24. COBMellleHu8a MOMeHTHaa xa-
paKTepucTuKa BeTpOTyp6uHLI U 3J1eKTpO-
reHepaTopa
Ii '! I
II
II
I
!
I
III!
1,1
I ,ll!
III
I'
I
I j
I1I1I1
I
I,
II
III
82
83
rnaBa 2. reHepaTOpl:01 nOCTOJlHHOrO TOKa
3KcnepMMeHTanl:oHOe onpeAeneHMe
3Heprent"leCKMX xapaKTepMCTMK B3Y
2.10. 3KcnepHMeHTaJlbHOe onpe eJleHHe 3HepreTHIJecKllx
xapaKTepHCTHK B3Y
IIpaBHJIbHoCTb paCqeTa BeTpoTyp6HHbI H cornaCOBaHHe ee IIap eTpoB C
IIapaMeTpaMH BeTporeHepaTopa MOJKeT 6bITb OQeHeHa no 3KcnepHMeHTaJIbHbIM
3aBHCHMOCTJlM, KOTopbIe OIIpe,ll;eJIHIOTCJI Ha CIIe[(HaJIbHOH Mo,u;eJIH [138], cxeMa
KOTOpOH npHBe,ll;eHa Ha pHC. 2.25.
K BbIXO,ll;Y rm no,u;KJIIO'IaeTCJI Mara3HH pe3HcTopOB (MP), JlBnHIOIl{HHc»
ero HarpY3KoH. IIYTeM H3MeHeHHJI COnpOTHBJIeHH» MP H3MeHJleTCJI HarpY30q-
IIblH MOMeHT reHepaTopa. TOK HarpY3KH H3Mep»eTc» aMIIepMeTpoM, HaIIpJlJKe-
IIHe - BonbTMeTpoM. qacToTa BpaIl{eHHJI reHepaTopa H BeTpOKOJIeCa H3Mep»eT-
CJI npH nOMOIWI IjJOT03JIeKTpHqeCKOrO CqeT'lHKa HMnYJIbCOB (cI>CIf), H3MepJlIO-
luero KOJIH'IeCTBO 06opoToB B MHHyTy. CTeH,u; II03BonHeT:
- CH»Tb 3aBHCHMOCTb BbIXO,ll;HOH MOllIHOCTH reHepaTopa OT CKOpOCTH Ha-
6cralOIl{ero BeTpoBoro IIOTOKa;
- nocTpoHTb TeopeTH'IecKyIO 3aBHCHMOCTb K031jJljJHQHeHTa MOIl{HOCTH C p
H K031jJIjJI1I{HeHTa MOMeHTa C m OT 6bICTpOXO,ll;HOCTH Z;
- CHRTb 3aBHCHMOCTb C p (Z) H OQeHHTb 31jJljJeKTHBHOCTb BbI6paHHoH pa-
60'IeH TOqKH.
ITepe,u; IIpoBe,u;eHHeM H3MepeHHH He06xo,ll;HMO npe,u;BapHTeJIbHO IIpOrpeTb
6JIOK <:DCJ.1 B Te'IeliHe He MeHee 0,5 'Iaca. CJIe,u;yeT nOMHHTb, qTO 3JIeMeHTbI
B JY 06JIa/l.alOT MeXallH'JCCKOM HHep'-!HeH H IIOCJIe 113MeHeHHJI BeJIHqHHbI CKO-
poC'm IICTpOIlOI'O 1I0TOKa CJIc,u;yeT IIbI,u;epJKaTb naY3Y ,u;o nOJIHOH cTa6HJIH3aUHH
'Im:TlI,Io. npall\CIIHH IICTpOl<OJICca.
JlJlJI IIOIII.IIIICIIHH TO'IHOCTH npoBo,u;HMbIX H3MepeHHH CJIe,u;yeT IIOBTOpHTb
IIX IIC MCIICC "pex pa3 11 II paC'IeTax yqHTbIBaTb ux cpe,u;Hee 3HaqeHHe.
Ollbn 1. CHJlTHe 3aB11CHMOCT11 BbIXO,u;HOH MOIl{HOCTH reHepaTopa OT CKO-
pOCTH Ha6eraIOIl{erO BeTpoBoro nOTOKa.
BKJIlOqHTb YCTaHOBKY (TYM6JIep «CeTb») H IIP11 nOMOIl{H PYKOHTKH
JIA TPa BblCTaBHTb MaKCHMaJIbHOe 3HaqeHHe CKOpOCTH BeTpoBoro IIOTOKa. )J;a-
JIec Ha Mara311He pe311CTOpOB YCTaHoBHTb npOH3BOJIbHOe 3HaqeHHe conpoTHB-
JICHHR. TIoCJIe cTa6HnH3aIJ;HH CKOpOCTH BpameHHJI BeTpOTyp6HHbI oIIpe,u;eJIHTb
Cl<OpOCTb BeTpa 11 CHHTb 3HaqeHH» TOKa HarpY3KH H HanpJlJKeHHH.
PYKOHTKOH flA TPa YMeHbruHTb 3HaqeHHe CKOpOCTH BeTpoBoro IIOTOKa H
ll1a'IeHHe 113MepeHHbIx BeJIHqHH )!;JI» onpe,u;eJIeHHbIX 3HaqeHHH CKOpOCT11 BeT-
pOBOro nOTOKa 3aHeCTH B Ta6n. 2.1.
-220
Bbmp1lMHTeJ1b
PUC. 2.25. CxeMa 3KcnepUMeHTaJlbHOH YCTaHoBKu:
1 - pu6o'lee Koneco BellmunRmopu; 2 -K03lC)'X; 3 - Bempomyp6ullu; 4 - npy-
3ICUllllb,ii MOMellmoMep; p11T - j)6uzumenb nocmORllllOZO mOKU; HA TP - nu6o-
pamopllb,ii uBmompallcljJopMumop; MP - Muza:JUII pe:Jucmopo6; l/JCH -ljJomo-
:JneKmpU'IeCKUii C'Iem'lUK UMnynbcOB
Pa60TaeT YCTaHoBKa CJIe,u;YIOIl{HM 06pa30M. B03,u;yruHbIH nOTOK c03,u;aeT-
c» BeHTHnHTopoM 1, YCTaHOBJIeHHbIM B KOJKyxe 2. Pa60qee KOJIeCO BeHTHJIHTOpa
1 rrpHBO)I;HTCH BO BpameHHe ,lI;BHraTeJIeM nOCTO»HHoro TOKa (AIIT), nonyqaIO-
Il{HM IIHTaHHe 'Iepe3 BbmpHMHTeJIb OT JIa60paTopHoro aBTOTpaHcljJopMaTOpa
(JIATP). CKOpOCTb B03,u;YIIIHOro IIOTOKa peryJIHpyeTc» flATPOM, ruKana KOTO-
poro oTrpa,ll;YHpoBaHa Ha CKOpOCTb BeTpa, M/c.
B03,l1;eHcTBYJl Ha perynHTop flA TPa, MeHHeM BeJIHqHHY HanpHJKeHHJI
)J;IIT, a CJIe,ll;OBaTeJIbHO, H '1acToTY ero BpameHHR.
Mo,u;eJIb BeTp0ycTaHoBKH HMeeT TpH JIOIIaCTH. JJ:HaMeTp BeTpoKOJIeCa co-
CTaBJIReT 0,95 M. BeTpOKOJIeCO 3 npHBo,u;HT BO BpaIl{eHHe reHepaTop nOCTO»H-
Horo TOKa riiT. HaIIp»JKeHHe B036YJK,u;eHHH reHepaTopa peryJIHpyeTC» IIepe-
KJIIOqaTeJIeM. BCH CHCTeMa (BeTpOKOJIeCO H reHepaTop) YCTaHOBJIeHa Ha IIO,u;-
ruHnHHKoBYIO nO,u;BecKY, qTO 06eCneqHBaeT B03MOJKHOCTb HenOCpe,ll;C'meHHoro
H3MepeHHJI BpaIl{alOIl{erO MOMeHTa BeTpOTyp6HHbI. If3MepeHHe MOMeHTa npo-
H3BO,ll;HTC» npH nOMOIl{H npYJKHHHOrO MOMeHToMepa.
Ta6nHQa 2.1
V, M/c
IhMepeHH» UH,B
IH,A
PaCqeT PH,BT
TIo pe3YJIbTaTaM OIIbITa 1 He06xo,UHMO:
- paCCqHTaTb 3JIeKTp11qecKYIO MOIl{HOCTb reHepaTopa no 1jJ0pMYJIe
PH=IHU H ;
- 3aHeCTH paC'IeTHbIe ,u;aHHbIe B Ta6JI. 2.1;
- nocTpoHTb rpaljJHqecKYIO 3aBHCHMOCTb PH(v) (PHC. 2.26).
I
Ii
I
I I1I
I Iii
II
II
II!I
,I
li'l
I' I I
I II
II III! I
i[111
1'111
'I!
I!I
III
,III
I',! III
III
II I
.\
II
I
I
84
3KcnepMMeHTanbHoe onpeAeneHMe
3HepreTM"IeCKMX xapaKTepMCTMK B3Y
rnaBa 2. reHepaTopbl nOCTOJlHHOrO TOKa
85
OnLIT 2. CHHTHe MOIl{HOCTHbIX 11 MOMeHTHbIX xapaKTepHcTHK MOlIeJIH
B3Y.
BKJIIOqHTb YCTaHOBry (ryM6JIep «CeTb»), BbICTaBHTb PYKO»TKOH flATPa
Tpe6yeMYIO CKOpOCTb BeTpa H npH nOMOIl{H Mara3HHa pe3HcTOpoB BbicTaBHTb
He06xo.u;HMoe conpOTHBJIeHHe HarpY3KH. IIpoH3BecTH H3MepeHHJI TOKa HarpY3-
KH H HaIIpHJKeHHJI. Pe3YJIbTaTbI H3MepeHHH 3aHeCTIf B Ta6JI. 2.2 .u;nH HeCKOJIbKHX
3HaqeHHH qaCTOTbI BpaIl{eHHH. If3MepHTb CH.1IY Ha Bany reHepaTopa H .u;nHHY
IIJIeqa, Ha KOTOpOM YCTaHOBJIeH rpY3. Pe3YJIbTaTbI 3THX H3MepeHHH TaKJKe 3aHe-
CTH B Ta6JI. 2.2.
PH no
1J3J/ =-lOvYo;
P MeJC
_ CYMMapHYIO OTHOC11TenbHyro KOp.u;y IIpoljJHneH Ha nepHljJepHH (no
1jJ0pMYJIe 1.19);
- OICPYJKHYIO CKOpOCTb Ha BHeruHeM pa,ll;Hyce
V _nDn
R -6()'
r.u;e D - .u;HaMeTp BeTpoKoneca;
- K03IjJIjJHQHeHT 6bICTPOXO.u;HOCTH
V R
ZU3M =-V;
- K031jJljJHUHeHT MOIl{HOCTH
P Mex
C
PU3M 3 2
p.V . nD
2 4
rJlC - r = 1,2 ICr/M] - IIJIOTHOCTL B03.u;yxa flpH HOpMaJIbHbIX YCJIOBHHX;
- lC(u(I)( HI HeHT MOMenTa
C M
P U3M C - -
em HJIH
U3M ZU3M' mU3M p' v 2 . n D 2 . D
2 4 2
Ta6JIHQa 2.2
If3Me eHHH
HOMep TOqKH 1 2 3 4 5
CKOPOCTb BeTpa v, M/c
TOK HarPY3KH I H , A
HaIIp»JKeHHe HarpY3KH U H , B
CHJIa F, H
AJIHHa nJIeqa 1, M
JJ:JIHHa XOp.u;bI JIOnaCTH b nen ",,,, M
qacToTa BpaUIeHH» n, 06/MHH
PaCqeT
Cpe,ll;HHH qaCTOTa BpaIl{eHHJI n, 06/MHH
3JIeKTPHqecKaH MOIl{HOCTb PH' BT
MOMeHT iIa BaJIY M, H'M
YrJIOBaH qaCTOTa BPaIl{eHH» OBK
MeXaHH'IeCKaH MOIWIOCTb P Mex, BT
KIIA reHepaTopa TI,
OKPYJKHaH CKOPOCTb V, M/c
Bce paCqeTHbIe BeJIHqH-
IIbI 3aHOCJlTCH B Ta6JI. 2.2.
JJ:aJIee He06xo.u;HMO:
npoH3BecTH paCqeT
Zopb Zmax, ZoptHo " CPmax H
Cm max ;
- nocTpoHTb MOIWIOCT-
HYIO Cp(Z) H MOMeHTHYIO
Cm(Z) xapaKTepHcTHKH, pac-
nOJIOJKHB HX TaK, KaK nOKa3aHO
na pHC. 2.26;
- Hcnonb3Y» .u;aHHbIe
Ta6n. 2.2, HaHeCTH Ha nocTpo-
eHHbIe rpaljJHKH H3MepeHHbIe
TOqKH H nocTpoHTb KpHBbIe
3KcnepHMeHTaJIbHbIX H3Mepe-
HHH;
- HCnOJIb3Y» 1jJ0pMynbI
armpOKCHMaIJ;HH B 3aBHCHMO-
IIo pe3YJIbTaTaM onbITa 2 He06xo.u;HMO paCCqHTaTb:
- cpe.u;HIOIO qaCTOTY BpaIl{eHH» BeTpoKOJIeCa no 1jJ0pMYJIe
1 k
n=-' Ln.
k ;=] "
r.u;e k - KOJIHqeCTBO rrpOH3Be.u;eHHbIX H3MepeHHH qaCTOTbI BpaIl{eHH»;
- 3JIeKTpHqeCKYIO MOIl{HOCTb reHepaTOpa PH = I H 'U H ;
- MOMeHT Ha BaJIY reHepaTopa M=F'l;
- yrJIOBYIO '1aCTOTY BpaIl{eHH» BeTpOKOJIeCa
n.n
QBK =-;
30
PMex=M' !1 BK ;
- MeXaHHqecryIO MOIl{HOCTb BeTpOTyp6HHbI
- KTIJJ: reHepaTopa
Cp
CpmaK
CPpact.
C
P WJM
z
c
Cpm(lx
C m
PHC. 2.26. IIpHMep rpatllH'IeCKHX nocTpoeHuu
AJIH aHaJIH:Ja pe:JYJIbTaTOB H:JMepeHHu
II
II'
I
I
I 1II
III
,[1 1 1 1 ,
'II
Iii 1I11
I1I1
II
'Iii
I
1'1
:" !!I I
II
III
I
IIII
,
I
I
II
I ,1 11
1 lt:
86
rnaBa 2. reHepaTopbl nOCTOSlHHoro TOKa
rnaBa 3. CMHXpoHHble reHepaTopbl
87
CTH OT 3HaqeHHJI ZH3M (rJI.l), HaUTH op,u;HHaTY TOqKH K - 3Ha'leHHe CPpacq.
AHaJIOrn'-IHO onpe,u;emleTCH Cm pacq - op,u;HHaTa TO'lKH K 1 ;
- paCCqHTaTb OTHOCHTeJIbHbIe norpelliHOCTH H3MepeHHH K031jJIjJHI.{HeHTa
MOIl{HOCTH
rJIaBa 3.
CHHXpoHHbIe reHepaTopbI
3.1. Y CTpoiicTBO 0 upoRnou L{eiiCTBOH CORXPORRbIX MaWOR
E -
P
c -c
p pac" PU3M .100%
C
PU3M
3.1.1. Ha3HaqeHne n OCHOBHble Tunbl CHHXPOHHblX MawnH
H K031jJIjJHI.{HeHTa MOMeHTa
CHHXpOHHOH MaruHHoH Ha3bIBaeTC» ,u;Byx06MOTOqHaH 3JIeKTpHqeCKaJI
MaruHHa nepeMeHHoro TOKa, o.zma U3 06MOTOK KOTOpOH npHcoe,u;HHeHa K CeT11
I1JI11 K HarpY3Ke, a BTOpaJI B036Yj[()J;aeTc» nOCTOHHHbIM TOKOM.
HaH60JIbruee pacnpocTpaHeHHe nOJIyqHJIH CHHXpoHHbIe MaruHHbI C
rpexljJa3HOH 06MOTKOH Ha HenO)I;BHJKHOM cTaTope H C 06MOTKOH B036y)[()J;eHHJI
Ha BpallIaIOIl{eMc» pOTope. CHHXpoHHbIe MaIIIHHbI MaJIO" MOllIHOCTH (2-5 KilT)
mmr,u;a 113rOTOBJIHIOTCJI B 06paIUeHHOM HCIIOJIHeHHH C 06MOTKOH B036YJK,lI;eHHH
IIa CTaTope H Tpex<1>a311oH 06MOTKOH Ha pOTope. OCHOBHoe HCnOJIHeHHe IIpe,u;-
1l0lJTI1TCJlhllee, Tal< 1(£\1< MOUIIIOCTh B036YJK,u;eHI1H, IIO,u;BO,ll;HMaH K 06MOTKe B03-
GY)I<)ICIIHH 'ICpC3 Cl<OJIh'JSlIIll1e 1<001fa1<Tbl, COCTaBJI»eT 0,3 - 2% IIpe06pa3yeMoH
MOILUIOCI'I1, 1'01")\a I<al< B oGpulllcliHOM HCnOJIHeHl1I1 qepe3 3T11 KOHTaKTbI HYJKHO
CIIIIM3Th IIpUI<1'WleCI<H nOJIfIYro MOllIHOCTb MaruHHbI.
B CHHXPOHHbIX MHKpoMaruuHax ,u;nH B036YJK,u;eHH» '-!aCTO HCnOJIb3YIOTC»
nOCTOHHHbIe MarHHTbI.
TIpeHMYIUeCTBeHHoe npHMeHeH11e CHHXpOHHbIe MaruHHbI HMeIOT B Kaqe-
CTBe reHepaTOpOB C Typ60- HJIH rn,u;ponpUBo,u;OM. B 3JIeKTp03HepreT11qeCKI1X
CHCTeMax Hap»L\Y C Typ60reHepaTopaMH KaK OCHOBHbIMH HCTOqHHKaMH 3JIeK-
Tp03HeprHH, IIpHBO,u;HMbIMH BO BpaIUeHHe IIapOBbIMH Hn11 ra30BbIMH Typ6HHa-
MH, npHMeH»IOTC» ,lI;H3eJIb-reHepaTOpbI B OCHOBHOM B KaqeCTBe pe3epBHbIX UC-
TOqHHKOB 3JIeKTp03HeprH11.
B KPynHbIx YCTaHOBKaX (IIopruHeBbIe KOMllpeccopbI, B03)J;yXO,u;YBKH 11
)!;p.) np11MeHJlIOTCH CHHxpOHHbIe ,u;BHraTeJIH. Iix IlpeHMYIUeCTBO nepe,u; aCHH-
XpOHHbIMH ,lI;BnraTeJIHMH 3aKnIOqaeTC» rJIaBHbIM 06pa30M B TOM, qTO OHH He
lloTpe6JIJlIOT, a reHepHpylOT B CeTb peaKTHBHYIO MOIUHOCTb, IIOBbIruaH TaKHM
06pa30M 06Il{HH K031jJIjJHU11eHT MOIl{HOCTH CHCTeMbI.
Bce CHHXpOHHble MaruHHbI, BbmYCKaeMbIe B HarueH CTpaHe, paCCqHTaHbI
Ha qaCTOTY 1 = 50 rii C yqeTOM qaCTOTbI BpallIeHHJI pOTopa n B 3aBHC11MOCTH OT
q11CJIa nap 1l0JIIOCOB 06MOTKH CTaTOpa
_ 601
p- .
n
TaKHM 06pa30M, 3HaqeHH» p H n cTporo cTaH,u;apTH3HpoBaHbI:
E
m
c -c
mpac" mU3M .100%.
C
mU3M
KOHTpOJIbHble Bonpocbl
1. If306pa3HTe KOHCTpYKTHBHYIO cxeMY MaIIIHHbI IIOCTO»HHOro TOKa.
2. IIo»cHHTe npHHUHII ,u;eHCTBHJI reHepaTopa nOCTO»HHOro TOKa.
3. Ha30BHTe OCHOBHbIe npeHMYIUecTBa H He,ll;OCTaTKH reHepaTopOB nocTO-
»HHoro TOKa no cpaBHeHHIO C ,u;PyrnMH THnaMH 3JIeKTpH'IeCKHX MaruHH.
4. TIo»cHHTe IjJH3HqecKYIO CYIUHOCTb H ,u;eHCTBHe peaKIIHH »KOP».
5. HaIIHlliHTe ypaBHeHHJI 3JIeKTpHqeCKOrO H MeXaHHqeCKOrO paBHOBeCHJI
reHepaTopa IIOCTO»HHoro TOKa.
6. Ha30BHTe npHqHHbI HCKPeHH» Ha KOJIJIeKTOpe H cnoc06bI HX YCTpaHeHHH.
7. Ha30BHTe YCJIOBHJI caMoB036Yj[()J;eHHH reHepaTopa nOCTO»HHOro TOKa.
8. IIpHBe,ll;HTe OCHOBHbIe xapaKTepHcTHKH reHepaTopoB nOCTO»HHoro TOKa
pa3JIH'-IHOrO B036YJK,u;eHHJI.
9. Ha30BHTe YCJIOBH» H nOpH)l;OK BKnIOqeHH» reHepaTOpa nOCTO»HHoro TOKa
Ha IIapaJIJIeJIbHYIO pa60TY.
10. TIo»cHHTe IjJH3HqeCKHe npoueccbI npH pa60Te riiT Ha 3ap»,u;KY H B 6y-
ljJep C aKKYMYJIHTOpHOH 6aTapeeH.
11. TIo»cHHTe IjJH3HqeCKHe npoIIeccbI npH BHe3aIIHOM KOpOTKOM 3aMbIKaHHH
rIIT.
12. IIpHBe,u;HTe MOIUHOCTHbIe xapaKTepHcTHKH BeTpoTyp6HH pa3JIHqHOrO
THIIa.
13. Ha30BHTe OCHOBHbIe napaMeTpbI MOIl{HOCTHbIX xapaKTepHcTHK.
14. IIpHBe)I;HTe COBMeIl{eHHYIO MOMeHTHyro xapaKTepHcTHKY BeTpOTyp6HHbI
U reHepaTopa.
15. Ha30BHTe nop»,u;oK 3KcnepHMeHTaJIbHOrO onpe,u;eneHHH 3HepremqeCKHX
xapaKTepHcTHK B3Y.
(3.1)
1 2 3 4 8 16 32 64
n, 06/MHH 3000 1500 1000 750 375 187,5 93,7 46,9
p
Iii I
88
rnaBa 3. CMHXpoHHble reHepaTopbl
89
YCTpOMCTBO M npMHI.4Mn AeMcTBMJI CMHXPOHHblX MaWMH
Typ60reHepaTopbI BbIIIOJIHHIOTC» TOJIbKO Ha 3000, peJKe Ha 1500 06/MHH.
qacTOTa Bparu;eHHJl rH,u;poreHepaTOpoB COCTaBJI»eT OT 600 .u;o 46,9 06/MHH B 3a-
BHCHMOCTH OT MOIl{HOCTH Typ6HHbI H Hanopa BO)l;bI. JJ:H3eJIb-reHepaTopbI pac-
CqHTbIBaIOTc», KaK IIpaBHJIO, Ha 500 - 1500 06/MHH. '
CHHXpoHHbIe ,lI;BHraTeJIH BbIIIycKaIOTc» C MOru;HOCT»MH OT 100 KBT .u;o
.u;eCHTKOB TbIC»q KHJIOBaTT C qaCTOTaMH Bparu;eHH» OT 3000,ll;o 93,7 06/MHH.
OCBoeH TaKJKe BbInYCK CHHXPOHHbIX MHKpo.u;BHraTeJIeH pa3n11'IHbIX TH-
nOB B lliHpOKOM .u;Harra30He qaCTOT Bparu;eHHJl (OT HeCKOJIbKHX 060POTOB ,lI;O
3000 06/MHH) H MOIl{HOCTeH (OT .u;OJIeH BaTT .u;o HeCKonbKHX COTeH BaTT).
JJ:JI» KOMneHCaIJ;HH peaKTHBHOH MOru;HOCTH B 3JIeKTp03HepreTHqeCKHX
CHCTeMax BbIIIYCKaIOTC» CHHXpOHHbIe KOMneHcaTopbI Ha MOru;HOCTH OT 15 .u;o
160 MB. A IIPH qaCTOTaX BpameHHH 750 -1000 06/MHH.
HOMHHaJIbHOe Harrp»JKeHHe 06MOTKH cTaTopa CHHXPOHHbIX MaruHH TaK-
JKe CTaH,u;apTH30BaHo H COCTaBJI»eT:)!;JI» reHepaTOpoB - 230 H 400 B' 3 15' 63'
10,5; 13,8; 15,75 KB; )!;JI» .u;BHraTeJIeH - 220 H 380 B; 3,6 H 10 KB. HO H
Hoe HaIIpHJKeHHe 06MOTKU B036YJK.u;emlH COCTaBJIHeT OT 24 ,lI;O 400 B. CHH-
XpoHHbIe reHepaTOpbI aBTOHOMHbIX HCTOqHHKOB HMeIOT, KaK rrpaB11JIO, HOMH-
HaJIbHOe HaIIp»JKeHHe 230 H 400B. CIIe[(HaJIbHbIe reHepaTopbI BbIIIOJIH»IOTC»
Ha '1acTOry 400 HJIH 500 rU.
I I
i \ II1I1
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1 1111
II' II!I I
i
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1,1: 1 ,
1111,
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CHHXpOHHbIe reHepaTopbI H
.u;BHraTeJI11 HMeIOT B npUH[(11ne o.u;HHa-
KOBoe YCTpOHCTBO. KOHCTpYKTHBHaH
cxeMa CHHXpOHHOH MaruHHbI rrOKa3aHa
Ha pHC. 3.1, a [113].
CTaTOp TpexljJa3HOH CHHXPOH-
HOH MaruHHbI COCTOHT 113 KopIIyca I,
cep.u;eqHHKa 2, Ha6paHHoro H3 OT.u;eJIb-
HbIX JIHCTOB 3JIeKTpOTeXHHqeCKOH CTa-
JIH, H TpexljJa3HOH 06MOTKH 5, YJIO-
JKeHHOH B na3bI cep.u;eqHHKa.PoTop 4 B
06Il{eM cnyqae npe.u;cTaBJIHeT C060H
3JIeKTpoMarHHT nOCTO»HHoro TOKa,
KOTOpbIH C03.u;aeT MarHHTHoe nOJIe,
BpamaIOru;eecH BMeCTe C pOTOpOM. Po-
TOpbI MOryT 6bITb .u;BYX KOHCTpYK[(HH:
»BHOnOJIIOCHbIe (PHC. 3.1, 6) H He»B-
HOIIOJIIOCHbIe (PHC. 3.1, B). 5£BHO BbI-
paJKeHHbIe IIOJIIOCa 8 H3roTOBJIHIOT H3
JIHCTOB CTaJIH H 3aKpenmiIOT Ha cep-
.u;eqHHKe pOTOpa 7. 06MOTKH B036y)[()J;eHHJl 9 paCIIOJIaraIOT Ha IIOJIIOCaX H co-
e.u;HH»IOT Mej[()J;Y C060H TaKUM 06Pa30M, qT06bI ceBepHbIe H IOJKHbIe nOJIIOCa
qepe.u;oBaJIHcb.
TIonIOcHbIe HaKOHeqHHKH 11MeIOT TaKYIO 1jJ0PMY, qTO B03.u;yruHbIH 3a30p
Mej[()J;Y cep.u;e'-IHHKOM cTaTOpa H nOJIIOCOM yBeJIHqHBaeTC» OT [(eHTpa nOJIIOCa K
ero KpaHM. 3THM .u;OCTHraeTCJI pacnpe.u;eJIeHHe HH.u;YK[(HH MarHHTHoro nOJIH B
B03.u;yruHOM 3a30pe, 6nH3Koe K CHHYCOH,lI;aJIbHOMY. POTOpbI C »BHO BbIpaJKeH-
HbIMH nonIOcaMH rrpHMeHHIOTc» B CHHXPOHHbIX MaruHHax C qaCTOTOH BpaIl{e-
HH» 1500 06/MHH H HHJKe. 8 CHHXPOHHbIX MalliHHax C qaCTOTOH BpallIeHH»
3000 06/MHH npHMeHHIOTC» pOTOpbI C He»BHO BbIpaJKeHHbIMH nOJIIOCaMH, KO-
TopbIe COCTOHT H3 cep.u;e'IHHKa 10 C na3aMH H 06MOTKH B036Yj[()J;eHHH 11.
Cep.u;e'lHHK H3rOTOBJIReTCH H3 CTaJIbHOH nOKOBKH, ,lI;OCTHraIOru;eH B co-
BpeMeHHbIx MOIl{HbIX reHepaTOpax MaCCbI 150 T IIPH .u;HaMeTpe 1,2 M H ,lI;n_HHe 7
- 8 M. IIa3bI IjJpe3epYIOTc» TaKHM 06Pa30M, 'IT06bI C03.u;aBaeMoe 06MOTKOH B03-
6Yj[()J;eHHII MarHHTHoe nOJIe 6bIJIO pacnpe.u;eJIeHO B npocTpaHcTBe no CHHYCOH-
.u;aJIbHOMY 3aKOHY. 06MOTKU 3aKpeIIJIHIOTc» B na3ax npH nOMoru;H HeMarHHTHbIX
Kn11HbeB, a HX n060BbIe qaCTH OXBaTbIBaIOTCJI MOIl{HbIMH CTanbHbIMH 6aH.u;aJKa-
MH, npe.u;oXpaHHIOIl{HMH HX OT pa3pyrueHHH H3-3a .u;eHCTBH» 60JIblliHX ueHTpo-
6eJKHbIX CHn.
TIHTaHHe B 06MOTKY B036y)[()J;eHHJJ IIo.u;aeTC» qepe3 ru;eTKH 5 H KOJIbua 6.
IfCTOqHHKOM nHTaHHJI MOJKer CJIYJKHTb reHepaTOp nOCTOHHHoro TOKa (B036y-
.u;HTeJIb), pacnOJIOJKeHHbIH Ha O.u;HOM Bany C CHHXpOHHOH MaIIIHHOH. 06MOTKa
B036YJK.u;eHH» MOJKeT IIonyqaTb n11TaHHe H OT 06MOTKH cTaTopa qepe3 BbIllp»-
MHTeJIb. TaK11e reHepaTopbI ruHpOKO npHMeH»IOTc» Ha IIpaKTHKe H HOCHT Ha-
3BaHHe reHepaTOpoB C CaMOB036y)[()J;eHHeM. B cxeMax HX ynpaBJIeHHJI npHMe-
HHIOTC» aBTOMaTHqecKHe peryJIHTOpbI HarrpHJKeHHJI H qaCTOTbI.
B nocne.u;HHe ro.u;bI rronyqHJI11 pacnpocTpaHeHHe 6ecru;eTOqHbIe CHHXPOH-
HbIe MaIIIHHbI, Y KOTOpbIX 06MoTKa pOTopa IIHTaeTC» OT BbIllp»MHTeJIR, Bpa-
ru;aroru;eroc» BMeCTe C pOTOpOM. BbInp»MHTeJIb no.u;KJIIOqeH K B036y.u;HTeJIIO,
HMeIOIl{eMY BpamaIOIl{YIOC» TpexljJa3HYIO 06MOTKY, B036YJK.u;aeMYIO Heno.u;BHJK-
HbIM11 nOCTO»HHbIMH MarHHTaM11.
3.1.2. KOHCTPYKTHBHaH cxeMa CHHXpOHHOH MamHHLI
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THnLlpoTopOB
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3.1.3. npHH Hn ,lJ.eHCTBHH CHHxpoHHoro reHepaTopa
B OCHOBY pa60TbI CHHxpoHHoro reHepaTOpa (Cr) IIOnOJKeH 3aKOH 3JIeK-
TpOMarHRTHoH HH)J;yK[(HH. ECJIH 06MoTKa cTaTOpa cr pa30MKHYTa. 06MOTKa
B036YJK.u;eH11JI Ha pOTOpe IIO)I;KJIIOqeHa K B036y.u;HTeJIIO, a pOTOp Bparu;aeTc» OT
npHBo.u;Horo .u;B11raTeJI» C IIOCTO»HHOH CKOpOCTbIO no, TO B npoBo.u;HHKax 06-
MOTKH CTaTOpa HH.u;yKTHpyeTcR 3JJ:C (PRC. 3.3, a)
e np = Blv = Bm1vsin a = Bmlvsin lJJ t (3.2)
HJIH
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YCTpOMCTBO M npMHI.4Mn ,QeMcTBMJI CMHXPOHHblX MaWMH
91
no = 60 fi (fj - qaCTOTa ceTH) rrpoTHB qaCOBOH cTpeJIKH (PHC.3.3, 6). 06MoTKa
p
B036YJK,u;eHwl Ha pOTOpe nonyqaeT nHTaHHe OT B036Y)l;HTeml, a pOTOp IIpHBO-
)l;HTC» BO BpalUeHHe IIpHBO,u;HbIM ,u;BHrareJIeM B ry JKe CTOPOHY H C TOH JKe CKO-
pOCTbIO no, qTO H IIOJIe CTaTOpa. IIpoHcxo,u;HT C[(enJIeHHe pa3HOHMeHHbIX rro-
JIIOCOB CTaTopa H poTopa, pOTOp KaK 6bI BT»rnBaeTCH B CHHXpOHH3M H IIpHBO,u;-
HOH ,lI;BHraTeJIb renepb MOJKeT 6bITb OTKJIIOqeH.
B peJKHMe H,u;eaJIbHOrO KOJIOCTOrO xo,u;a (npH
Me = 0) OCH MarHHTHbIX nOJIeH CTaTOpa H
pOTOpa COBna,ll;aIOT, Ha nOJIIOCbI ,u;eHCTByroT
pa,u;HaJIbHbIe CHJIbI F} H F}, KOTopbIe He C03-
,u;aIOT HH BpalUaIOIl{erO MOMeHTa, HH MOMeH-
Ta conpOTHBJIeHHJl. TIpH B03HHKHOBeHHH
MOMeHTa conpOTHBJIeHH» Me OCb IIOJIIOCOB
pOTOpa CMeIl{aeTC» OTHOCHTeJIbHO OC11 Mar- EocT
H11THOrO IIOJI» CTaTOpa Ha HeKOTopbIH yrOJI e
(pHC. 3.3, n) B CTOPOHY OTCTaBaHH». Tenepb
Brall aIOIl CCCR nOJIe cTaTopa KaK 6bI «Be,u;eT»
Ia C060H nOJIe pOTOpa H CaM pOTOp. C[(eIIJIe-
HHe nOJIeH 06eCneqHBaIOT CHJIbI MarHHTHoro
THJKeHHH F, KOTOpbIe MorYT 6bITb yrro,u;06JIe-
HbI C11JIe ynpyrocTH rrpYJKHHbI. TaHreH[(HaJIbHbIe COCTaBJI»IOIWIe F T 3THX CHJI
C03,u;aIOT BpaIl{aIOIl{HH MOMeHT
M=2F t R=2FRsinB,
ypaBHOBeruHBaIOIl{HH MOMeHT corrpOTHBJIeHH»
MallIHHa pa60TaeT B ,u;BHrareJIbHOM peJKHMe.
e np =Emsinllft (3.3)
,
r,ll;e B = Bm sina - MarHHTHaH HH,u;YK[(H» B 3a30pe cr, C03,u;aBaeMa» 06MOTKOH
B036YJK,u;eHH»; a - yrOJI, OTCqHTbIBaeMbIH OT HeHTpaJIbHOH JIMHHH Mej[()J;y IIO-
lTDn
JIIOCaMH; I - aKTHBHaH ,u;nHHa npOBo,u;HHKOB 06MOTKH CTaTopa; v = -- JIH-
60
HeHHaH CKOpOCTb ,u;BHJKeHHH pOTopa; llf = 21if - yrJIOBaH '1aCTOTa.
TaKHM 06Pa30M, 3JJ:C, HH)J;yKTHpyeMaH B 06MoTKe, H3MeHJleTC» no CHHY-
COH,u;aJIbHOMY 3aKoHY.
3,[(C OT,u;eJIbHbIX npOBO)I;HHKOB Kaj[()J;oro BHTKa 06MOTK11 CTaTOpa C,u;BH-
HYTbI no ljJa3e OTHOCHTeJIbHO ,lI;pyr ,lI;pyra Ha yrOJI, 6JIH3KHH K 180°, n03ToMY
reOMeTpHqeCKH CYMMHpyIOTCJI. )J;eHcTBYIOIl{ee 3HaqeHHe 3)J;C O,ll;HOH cpa3bI on-
pe,u;eJI»eTc» BbIpaJKeHHeM
Eo = 4,44fwiKo61<:DOm, (3.4)
r,u;e Wi - qHCJIO nOCJIe,ll;OBaTeJIbHO coe,u;HHeHHbIx BHTKOB ljJa3bI CTaTopa; 1<:061 -
06MOTOqHbIH K031jJIjJHUHeHT; lP om - MaKCHMaJIbHbIH MarHHTHbIH IIOTOK nOJIIOCa;
f = pn/60 - qaCTOTa H3MeHeHHH 3JJ:C.
TIOCKOJIbKY ljJa3bI 06MOTKH CTaTOpa C,u;BHHYTbI B npOCTpaHCTBe Ha 120°,
TO H 3JJ:C ljJa3 HMeIOT c,u;B11r B 120°. IIpH coe,u;HHeHHH cpa3 B 3Be3)J;y (Y) Hn11
TpeyrOJIbHHK (V) H3 cooTHorueHHJI
n[sin(JJ t + sin((JJ t + 12d) + sin((JJ t - 12cf)] (3.5)
cJIe,u;YeT, qTO aJIre6pa11qeCKaH cYMMa Tpex 3JJ:C 1jJa3 B Kaj[()J;bIH MOMeHT BpeMe-
HH paBHa HynIO H IIPH pa30MKHYTOH BHemHeM [(eIIH TOK B 06MOTKe CTaTopa pa-
BeR HYJIIO.
If3 cooTHorueHHH (3.4) CJIe,u;yeT, qTO BeJIHqHHY 3JJ:C, a 3HaqHT, H HaIIp»-
JKeHHe aBTOHOMHoro reHepaTopa, MOJKHO perynHpoBaTb MarHHTHbIM IIOTOKOM,
T.e. H3MeHeHHeM TOKa B036Yj[()J;eHH». 3aBHCHMOCTb E = f(IcJ HOCHT Ha3BaHHe
xapaKTepHcTHKH XOJIOCTOrO Ko,u;a, a ee BH)! onpeL\eJI»eTC» MarHHTHbIMH CBOH-
CTBaMH yqaCTKOB MarHHTonpoBo,u;a (PHC. 3.2). cr paCCqHTbIBaeTcJI TaKHM 06-
pa30M, qT06bI IIPH HOMHHaJIbHOM TOKe B036Yj[()J;eHHJI I6N pa60Ta np011CXO,ll;HJIa
Ha KOJIeHe XapaKTepHCTHKH HaMarHHqHBaHH» (3aruTpHxoBaHHbIH yqaCTOK Ha
pHC. 3.2), Kor,u;a coxpaH»eTc» B03MOJKHOCTb peryJIHpOBaHH» HarrpHJKeHHH B on-
pe,u;eneHHbIx IIpe.u;eJIax.
A
a
3.1.4. llpHHuHn n;eHcTBHH CUHxpoHHoro ,lI;BHraTeJIH
IIpHHUHII ,u;eHcTBHH CHHxpoHHoro ,u;BHrareJIR OCHOBaH Ha B3aHMo,u;eHcT-
BHH MarHHTHbIX nOJIeR cTaTopa H pOTopa [112].
TIpe,u;nOJIOJKHM, qTO 06MoTKa cTaTOpa nO,ll;KnIOqeHa K TpexljJa3HoH CeT11 H
C03,u;aBaeMoe eIO KpyroBoe MarHHTHoe nOJIe BpaIl{aeTCJI co CKOpOCTbIO
E
Eo
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PHC. 3.2. XapaKTepHcTHKa
XOJIocroro XOlla cr
(3.6)
Ha Bany (R - pa)I;HYc pOTOpa).
PHC. 3.3. lloHcHeHHe npHHI.\Hna lIeHcTBHH CM
IIp11 YBenH'-leHHH MOMeHTa HarpY3KH Ha BaJIY Me yron e YBeJIH'-IHBaeTC»
(,u;o HeKOTOporo npe,u;eJIa), qTO npHBO,u;HT K YBeJIHqeHHIO BpaIl{aIOIl{ero MOMeH-
Ta ,u;BHrareJIR, npHqeM 'IaCTOTa BpaIl{eHHH pOTopa OCTaeTC» HeH3MeHHOH.
\
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11111!
1111111
92
rnaBa 3. CMHXpoHHble reHepaTopbl
93
Pa60Ta CMHXpOHHOM MaWMHbl no,Q HarpY3KoM
CHHXpOHHbIe MaruHHbI TaK JKe, KaK H MaruHHbI IIOCTO»HHOro TOKa H Bce
,lI;pyrHe MallIHHbI HH,lI;YKIJ;HOHHOro THna, 06paTHMbI, " peJKHM HX pa60TbI oIIpe-
,lI;enJleTCJI TeM, oTKy,u;a K HHM IIO,u;BO,ll;HTC» MOIl{HOCTb - OT ceTH, KaK B paccMoT-
peHHoM BbIllie cJIyqae, "JIH C BaJIa. ECJIH MOMeHT HarpY3KIl HCnOnHHTeJIbHOrO
MexaHH3Ma YMeHbruaeTcH ,u;o HynJl, a 3aTeM H3MeH»eT 3HaK, TO eCTb CTaHOBHTCJI
BpallIaIOIl{HM, TO no,u; ,lI;eHCTBHeM 3Toro MOMeHTa pOTOp CHHXpOHHOH MaIIIHHbI
nonyqaeT HeKOTopoe YCKopeHHe Hero OCb onepeJKaeT OCb nOJI» CTaTopa Ha He-
KOTOpbIH yrOJI e, pOTOp CTaHOBHTCH Be,ll;YIU11M 3BeHOM, HaIIpaBJIeHHe rrpe06pa-
30BaHHH 3HeprnH Il3MeHHeTCJI. reHepaTopHbIii peJKUM CHHXpOHHOH MallIHHbI
npH IIapaJIneJIbHOH pa60Te C MOIl{HOH ceTbIO paccMoTpeH B n. 3.3.
HarpY3Ka qHCTO eMKOCTHaJI). TIpHHHMaeTC», qTO B paccMaTpHBaeMbIe Ha
pHC. 3.4 MOMeHTbI BpeMeHH TOK B ljJa3e HMeeT MaKCHMaJIbHOe 3HaqeHHe.
TIpH '1/ = 0 (PHC. 3.4, a) IIOJIOJKeHHe pOTOpa COOTBeTCTByeT MaKCHMaJIb-
HOMY 3HaqeHHIO 3JJ:C (a 3Ha'-IHT, H TOKa) B ljJa3e H BeKTOp MarHHTHoro nOTOKa
»KOp» (fJo C,lI;BHHYT no oTHorueHHIO K BeKTopy (fJe Ha 90°, TO eCTb HaIIpaBneH
IIonepeK OCH nOJIIOCOB. TaKaJI peaK HH »KOp» Ha3bIBaeTC» nOnepeqHOH. IIoTOK
(fJo ,u;eljJopMHpyeT nOJIe B036YJK,u;eHHJI (fJe, pa3MarHHqHBaH O,u;HH KpaH nOJIIOCa H
no,u;MarHHqHBaJI WyroH. B [(eJIOM pe3YJIbTHpYIOIUHH MarHIlTHbIH nOTOK (fJPe:J
MeHbrue, qeM (fJe rrpH xonOCTOM xo,u;e, qTO rrpHBo,u;HT K HeKOTOpOMY H3MeHeHHIO
3JJ:C H Hanp»JKeHHJI cr.
3.2. PaooTa CHHXpOHHOH MaWHHbI nOJ]; HarpY3KoH
3.2.1. nOHHTHe 0 peaK"HH HKOpH
cI>H3HqeCKYIO CyrwrOCTb peaKIJ;HH »KOp» paccMoTpHM Ha rrpHMepe CHH-
xpoHHoro reHepaTopa. ECJIH 06MoTKa cTaTOpa B036y)[()J;eHHoro cr nO,ll;KJIIOqeHa
K HarpyJKe, TO no,u; ,lI;eHCTBHeM 3JJ:C B ljJa3ax 06MOTKH npOTeKaeT TOK, KOTOpbIH
C03,l1;aeT MAC H KJJyroBoe BpaIl{aIOIl{eec» MarHHTHoe none. CKOpOCTb BpaIUe-
HHH 3Toro IIOJIJI no = 60f/p paBHa CKOpOCTH BpaIUeHHJI pOTopa. TaKHM 06pa30M,
MarHHTHb e IIOTOKH B036YJK,u;eHHH (fJe H »KOp» (fJo B3aHMHO HenO,u;BHJKHbl H pe-
3YJIbTHPYIOIUHH MarHHTHbIH IIOTOK (fJpe3 npH pa60Te cr no,u; HarpY3KOH C03,l1;a-
eTC» CYMMapHbIM ,lI;eHCTBHeM MJJ:C B036YJK!IeHHH Fe H JlKOp» Fa. O,u;HaKO, no-
CKOJIbKY (fJe B cr He 3aBHCHT OT HarpY3KH, TO pe3ynbTHpyroIl{HH nOTOK B pa60-
qeM peJKHMe cr CYIUeCTBeHHO OTnHqaeTCJI OT nOTOKa rrpH XOJIOCTOM xo,u;e.
B03,l1;eHCTBHe MJJ:C »KOpJl Ha MarHHTHoe nOJIe CHHXpOHHOH MaIIIHHbI Ha3bIBaIOT
peaKIJ;HeH HKOpJl.
JJ:eHCTBHe peaK[(HH JlKOpH rrpej[()J;e Bcero rrpOJlBJIJIeTCJI B H3MeHeHHH Mar-
HHTHoro nOTOKa B B03,l1;yruHOM 3a30pe npH nepexo,u;e OT peJKHMa XOJIOCTOrO XO-
,u;a K peJKHMY pa60TbI IIO,u; HarpY3KOH H, KaK CJIe,u;CTBHe, B H3MeHeHHH 3JJ:C H
HaIIpHJKeHHH Ha 3aJKHMaX aBTOHOMHO pa60TaIOIUero reHepaTopa. CTeIIeHb 3TO-
1'0 H3MeHeHH» 3aBHCHT OT BeJIHqHHbI H xapaKTepa HarpY3KH (aKTHBHaH, 11H)J;yK-
THBHaJI HJIM eMKOCTHaJI), OT oc06eHHOCTeH MarHHTHOH CHCTeMbI (»BHOIIOJIIOC-
HaJI HJIH He»BHOIIOnIOCHaH CM), OT BeJIHqHHbI M,[(C B036YJK!IeHH» H OT wyrHx
ljJaKTopoB [74].
Ha pHC. 3.4 YIIpOIl{eHHO nOKa3aHbI KapTHHbI B3aHMo,u;eHcTBH» MarHHT-
HbIX IIOJIeH O,ll;HOH ljJa3bI 06MOTKH cTaTopa H 06MOTKH B036YJK,u;eHH» npH O,u;H-
HaKOBbIX IIO BeJIHqHHe, HO pa3nHqHbIX no xapaKTepy HarpY3Kax. YroJI \jI onpe-
,u;eJIHeT ljJa30BbIH C,lI;BHr Mej[()J;y 3JJ:C H TOKOM B 06MoTKe CTaTOpa (\jI = 0 - Ha-
rpY3Ka qHCTO aKTHBHaJI; \jI = 90° - HarpY3Ka '1HCTO HH,u;YKTHBHaH; \jI = - 90° -
<p =90 0
6
<p=-90 0
B
a
PHC. 3.4. PeaKI.\HH HKOpH CHHXpOHHOro reHepaTopa "PH p33JIH'IHOH HarpY3Ke
IIpll '1/= 90° (pHc.3.4, 6) TOK B ljJa3e OTCTaeT OT 3JJ:C Ha 90°, qTO COOT-
BeTCTByeT IIpocTpaHcTBeHHoMY C,u;BHry OCH pOTopa Ha 1/2 IIOJIIOCHOrO ,lI;eneHHJI
IIO HanpaBJIeHHIO BpaIl{eHHJI. TIpH 3TOM nOTOK (fJo C,lI;BHHYT no OTHOllIeHHIO K
noTOKy (fJe Ha 180°, TO eCTb HanpaBJIeH B,u;OJIb OCH nOJIIOCOB BCTpeqHO nOTOKY
(fJe. TaKaH peaK[(HJI »KOp» Ha3bIBaeTCH rrpO,u;OJIbHO pa3MarHHqHBaIOIl{eH, TaK KaK
npHBo,u;HT K 3HaqHTeJIbHOMY CHHJKeHHIO pe3YJIbTHpYIOIl{erO MarHIlTHoro nOTOKa
(fJpe3, 3JJ:C H Hanp»JKeHHJI reHepaTOpa.
TIp11 '1/ = - 90° (pHc.3.4, B) UMeeT MecTO npo,u;OJIbHO HaMarHHqHBaIOIl{aH
peaK HR »KOp», B pe3YJIbTaTe KOTOpOH IIOTOK (fJpe3 yBeJIHqHBaeTCJI, 3JJ:C H
HaIIp»JKeHHe reHepaTOpa TaKJKe B03pacTaIOT.
Ha npaKTHKe HMeIOT MecTO 06IUHe cnY'laH aKTHBHO-HH,lI;YKTHBHOH
(0 < '1/ < 90) HJIM aKTHBHO-eMKocTHOH (- 90 < '1/ < 0) HarpY30K, npH 3TOM
OTCTaIOIl{HH Ha HeKoTopbIH yron TOK pa3MarHHqHBaeT MaruHHY, a
onepeJKaIOIUHH TOK IIo,u;MarHHqHBaeT ee.
3,[(C E IIPH pa60Te cr no,u; HarpY3KoH MOJKHO paccMaTpHBaTb KaK BeK-
TOpHyro CYMMY ,u;BYX COCTaBJIHIOIl{HX: Eo - 3JJ:C npH XOJIOCTOM xo,u;e; Eo - 3JJ:C
CaMOHH,lI;YKIJ;HH OT nOTOKa (fJo,T. e.
E=Eo+Ea.
(3.7)
I "
II
'II
!III
"
I
II
II
Ii
1
I HI
:1 1111
ili III
Iii III
ll i
I
,I
III
I III
II
1'1
1,\ Iii
III
111'1
1111:11
94
rnaBa 3. CMHXpoHHble reHepaTopbl
Pa60Ta CMHXpOHHOM MaWMHbl nOA HarpY3KoM
95
JJ:JIH y.u;06cTBa paCqeTOB 3,[(C Ea IIpe,ll;CTaBJI»IOT B BH.u;e na,ll;eHH» HarrpH-
JKeHHJI OT TOKa la Ha HeKoTopoM conpoTHBneHHH xa. KOTOpoe Ha3bIBaIOT HH.u;YK-
THBHbIM conpOTHBJIeHHeM peaK[(HH HKOpH, T. e. Ea = -laXa. TaKHM 06Pa30M,
ypaBHeHHe (3.7) MOJKHO 3arrHcaTb B BH.u;e
E = Eo -laRa. (3.8)
JJ:eHCTBHe H yqeT peaK[(11H »KOpH B CM C »BHO BbIpa)KeHHbIMH IIOJIIOCaMH
HMeIOT HeKOTopbIe oc06eHHOCTH, CBJl3aHHbIe C TeM, qTO npH BpaIIJ;eHHH pOTopa
B03.u;ymHbIH 3a30p He OCTaeTC» IIOCTOJlHHbIM, a YBeJIH'IHBaeTCJI OT [(eHTpa K
KPaHM nOJIIOCa, pe3KO B03paCTa» B 30He MeJK,lI;Y nOJIIOCaMH (PHC. 3.5).
3bIBaIOT BJIH.!IHHH ,lI;pyr Ha .u;pyra. TOK JlKOp» la TaKJKe npe,ll;CTaBJIHIOT B BH,lI;e
,u;Byx COCTaBJI»IOIl{HX: rrpO.u;OJIbHOH lad H IIOnepe'lHOH 1 aq. KOTopbIe C03 aIOT
MJJ:C Fad H Faqo
3JJ:C Ead H Eaq MOJKHO npe,ll;CTaBHTb B BH,lI;e
Ead = -ldXad; Eaq = -lqxaq (3.10)
PeJynbTHpyroruyIO 3JJ:C CM C »BHO BbIpa)KeHHbIMH nonIOcaMH MOJKHO
3arrHcaTb B BH,lI;e CYMMbI Tpex COCTaBJIHIOIWIX:
E = Eo + Ead + Eaq;
E = Eo -ldXad -lqxaq.
q
d
(3.11 )
(3.12)
x
3.2.2. YpaBHeHHH 3JIeKTpH'IeCKOrO paBHOBeCHH H BeKTOpHbIe
.l(HarpaMMbJ CHHXpOHHOH MaWHHbI
ECJIH Y'IeCTb, qTO 06MOTKa CTaTopa CM 06JIa,ll;aeT HeKOTopbIM aKTHBHbIM
COnpOT11RJleHHeM rl U 11H.u;YKTHBHbIM conpOTHBJIeHHeM pacceHHHH XI,
Y l ll1TblBaIOllIHM ,lI.eHCTBHe MarHHTHoro IIOTOKa paCCe»HH.!I, TO Ha OCHOBaHHH
BTOpOro 3aKOHa KHpxroljJa .u;nJl OlIHOH ljJa3bI 06MOTKH MOJKHO 3arrHcaTb [72]
a
6
PHC. 3.5. Oco6eHHocTH peaKQHH HKOpH B HBHOnOJIIOCHOM cr
TI03TOMY IIOTOK JlKOp» C/J a 3aBHCHT He TOJIbKO OT BeJIH'IHHbI MJJ:C Fa. HO
H OT nOJIOJKeHH» KpHBOH pacrrpe.u;eJIeHH» 3TOH MJJ:C OTHOCHrenbHO nOJIlOCOB
pOTopa. TaK, npH yrJIe \If= 0 (PHC. 3.5, a), Kor,ll;a nOTOK »KOp» HaIIpaBJIeH none-
peK OCH MaruHHbI (CM. pHC.3.4, a), MarHHTHaJI HH.u;yKIJ;H» Ba MaJIa no BeJIHqHHe
H pacnpe.u;eJIeHa ce,ll;n006pa3HO no ruHpHHe nonIOca, XOT» MJJ:C Fa HMeeT CH-
HYCOH,lI;aJIbHOe pacnpe.u;eJIeHHe.
IIpH yme \If = 90° (PHC. 3.5, 6), Kor.u;a nOTOK »KOpH HaIIpaBJIeH no npo-
.u;OJIbHOH OC11 (CM. pHC. 3.4, 6), MarHHTHaH UH,u;YK[(UH Ea no BeJIH'IHHe 60nbIlle,
qeM npH \If = 0, H HMeeT 1jJ0PMY pacnpe,ll;eneHHH, 6JIH3KYIO K CHHycOH)l;e.
JJ:n» ynpOIl{eHHJI aHaJIH3a H paCqeTa peaK[(HH »KOp» B »BHOnOJIIOCHOH
CM Hcnonb3yIOT MeTO,ll; .u;BYX peaKuHH, B COOTBeTCTBHH C KOTOpbIM M)J:C peaK-
[(HH HKOp» Fa npe.u;CTaBJIHIOT B BH,u;e ,lI;BYX COCTaBJI»IOIIJ;HX: npo.u;OJIbHOH Fad =
= FcrSin \lfH nOnepeqHOH Faq= Facos\If (d H q - 0603HaqeHHe npo.u;OJIbHOH H
nOnepeqHOH oceH, CM. pHC. 3.4, a), IIpHqeM
fJ = Eo +Ea +Es -la r ,
r.u;e Es = -lax} - 3JJ:C caMOHH)J;yKUHH OT IIOTOKa pacce»HH.!I C/Js.
(3.13)
AJI» HeHBHOIIOJIIOCHOH H »BHononIOCHOH CM ypaBHeHHe
BepHYTOM BH.u;e 3anHCbIBaeTCJI CJIe.u;YIOIl{HM 06pa30M:
fJ = Eo -laxa -lax} -lar};
(3.13) B pa3-
(3.14)
U =EO -ldXad -lqxaq -ldx} -lqx} -lar}. (3.15)
CorrpOTHBJIeHHeM rl BBH.u;y ero MaJIOCTH 06bIqHO npeHe6peralOT, a HH-
,lI;YKTHBHbIe cOnpOTHBJIeHH.!I peaK HH »KOp» H pacce»HH.!I YYJHTbIBalOT COBMeCT-
HO H 0603HaqaIOT:
- nOJIHOe HJIH CHHxpoHHoe HH.u;YKTHBHOe COnpOTHBJIeHHe
Xc = xa + x} ;
(3.16)
Fa = Fad + Faq.
- COCTaBJIHIOruyIO nOJIHoro CHHxpoHHoro HH)J;yKTHBHOrO COIIpOTHBJIeHHH
no npo.u;onbHoH OCH
(3.9)
3TH COCTaBJI»IOIl{He C03.u;aIOT COOTBeTCTBYIOIIJ;He npo.u;onbHbIH C/J ad H no-
nepeqHbIH C/Jaq nOTOKH »KOp», KOTOpbIe UH,u;YKTHpyroT B 06MOTKe JlKOpH 3JJ:C
CaMOHH.u;YK[(HH Ead H Eaq, IIpH'-leM CqHTaeTCJI, qTO nOTOKH C/Jad H C/J aq He OKa-
Xd = Xad + x} ;
(3.17)
- no nonepeqHOH OCH
X q = X aq + x} .
(3.18)
,I"
II
I
)11 I
IJI
ill
,I
1
I
I
"I I
II
!I;III
:1
I1I1
I
! 11111
96
rnaBa 3. CMHXpoHHble reHepaTOpbl
PaCOTa CMHXpOHHOM MaWMHbl no,q HarpY3KoM
97
Tor,ll;a ypaBHeHHH (3.14) H (3.15) ynpOIl{aIOTcH:
[J =Eo -1 aXe
H
Eo
- J(,j 1 JqXq
Ia
a
6
PUC. 3.6. YnpOll{eHHble BeKTOpHble uarpaMMbl cr:
a - HeR6HOnOJIIOCHOZO; 6 - R6HOnOJllOCHOZO
,lI;OK, HeljJTHHbIx H ra30BbIX IIpOMbICJIOB H T. II. OCHOBHbIMH xapaKTepHcTHKaMH
reHepaTopoB, pa60TaIOIl{HX B TaKOM peJKHMe, HBJIHIOTCH BHenIHHe H perYJIHpO-
BOqHbIe XapaKTepHCTHKH [100].
BHenIHHe xapaKTepHCTHKH cr npe,lJ,CTaBJIHIOT C060H 3aBHCHMOCTH Ha-
npHJKeHHH U OT TOKa HarpY3KH I IIPH HeH3MeHHbIX TOKe B036YJK.u;eHHH [B' qac-
TOTe BparueHHH pOTopa n H K031jJ.pHUHeHTe MOIl{HOCTH Harpy3KH cosrp. PerYJIH-
POBOqHbIe xapaKTepHCTHKH IIpe,ll;CTaBJIJIIOT C060H 3aBHCHMOCTH TOKa B036YJK-
,lJ,eHHH 16 OT TOKa HarpY3KH I IIPH U. n H COsrp = const. OHH IIOKa3bIBaIOT, KaK
HYJKHO H3MeHHTb TOK B036Y)l(,lJ,eHHH reHepaTopa, '-IT06bI IIo.u;,lJ,epJKHBaTb HaIIpH-
JKeH11e IIOCTOHHHbIM lIpH H3MeHeHHH HarpY3KH. 3TH xapaKTepHCTHKH IIPH pa3-
JI11'-IHbIX no xapaKTepy HarpY3Kax, HO lIpH HeH3MeHHbIX 3HaQeHHHX COS rp IIPH-
Be,lJ,eHbI Ha pHC. 3.7.
TIpH XOJIOCTOM XO,ll;e
HaIIpHJKeHHe Ha 3aJKHMaX U
reHepaTopa paBHO 3JJ:C xo- Do
JIOCTOrO xO,ll;a, Uo = Eo.
XapaKTep U3MeHeHHH
HaIIpHJKeHHH IIpU BKnIOqe-
HHH HarpY3KH OIIpe,lJ,enHeTCH
B OCHOBHOM ,lJ,eHCTBHeM pe-
aKu;HH JlKOpH. ECJI11 BHern-
HHH HarpY3Ka '1UCTO aKTHB-
HaH (cosrp = 1), TO peaKU11H
HKOpH HBnHeTCH IIpeHMYlQe-
CTBeHHO IIOIIepe'lHOH H ee
pa3MarHHqHBaIOIl{ee ,lI;eHCT-
BHe HeBenHKO. BHernHHH xapaKTepHCTHKa UMeeT CJIa6bIH HaKJIOH KOCH la (CM.
pHc.3.7, a, KpHBaH 2).
IIpH cMernaHHoH aKTHBHo-HH.u;YKTHBHOH Harpy3Ke (rp > 0) pa3MarHHqH-
BaIOIl{ee ,lI;eHCTB11e IIpO,ll;OJIbHOH peaKIJ;HH HKOpH IIpOHBJIHeTCJI CHJIbHee H BHern-
HHH xapaKTepHCTHKa (CM. pHC. 3.7, a, KPHBaH 3) H)J;eT H11JKe, qeM IIPH aKTHBHOH
HarpY3Ke. B 3T11X CJIyqaHX .u;nH IIOMepJKaHHH HaIIpHJKeHHH HeH3MeHHbIM TOK
B036Yj[()J;eHHH ,lI;OJIJKeH 6bITb YBeJIHqeH (CM. pHc.3.7, 6, KpHBbIe 2 H 3).
BenH HarpY3Ka reHepaTopa aKTHBHo-eMKOCTHaH (cp <0), peaKIJ;HH HKOpH
OKa3bIBaeT IIO,lJ,MarHH'-IHBaIOIl{ee ,lI;eHCTBHe H C YBeJIHqeHHeM TOKa JlKOpH,lI;O OII-
pe,ll;eJIeHHOrO 3HaqeHHH HanpHJKeHHe Ha 3aJKHMaX HKOpH IIOBbIrnaeTCH ( CM.
pHC. 3.7, a, KPHBaH 1), a TOK B036Y)l(,lJ,eHHH .u;nH IIOMepJKaHHH U = const He06-
XO,ll;HMO YMeHbrnaTb (CM. pHC. 3.7,6, KpHBaH 1).
IIpH 3KcnnyaTaUHH reHepaTopoB B peaJIbHbIX YCJIOBHHX cTa6HJIH3aUHH
HaIIpHJKeHHH oCYIl{eCTBJIHeTCH perYJIHTOpaMH B036Y)l(,lJ,eHHH, KOTopbIe B03.u;eH-
CTBYIOT Ha BenH'I11HY MamHTHoro IIOTOKa, a CJIe,ll;OBaTeJIbHO, H Ha 3JJ:C Eo 3a
(3.19)
(3.20)
3JIeKTpHqeCKOrO
(3.21)
3.2.3. Pa60Ta CHHXpOHHOI'O reHepaTopa Ha aBToHoMHyIO HarpY3KY
ABToHoMHaH pa60Ta cr xapaKTepHa )I;JIH aBTOHOMHbIX
3JIeKTp03HepreTHqeCKHX cHcTeM, CneUHaJIbHbIX YCTaHoBoK, JIeTaTenbHbIX
aIInapaToB, HeKoTopbIX IIpoMbIruJIeHHbIX cHcTeM, HaIIpHMep, .u;nH y,ll;aJIeHHbIX
cTpoHTeJIbHbIX nnOIl{a,ll;OK, HeljJTJlHbIX H ra30BbIX IIpOMbICJIOB H T. II.
[J = Eo -lgxg -ldxd'
JJ:mr .u;BHraTeJIbHOrO peJKHMa pa60TbI CM ypaBHeHHH
paBHOBeCHH 3aIIHCbIBaIOTCJI B BH,u;e:
- ,lI;JIH HeJlBHOIIOJIIOCHOrO .u;BHraTeJIH
U = Eo +laxe;
- )I;JIH JlBHOnOJIIOCHOrO ,lI;BHraTeJIH
[J =Eo +ldxd +lgxg. (3.22)
3nf ypaBHeHHH IIoKa3bIBaIOT, qTO B CHHXpOHHOM ,lI;BHraTeJIe nO,u;Bo.u;HMoe
K 06MoTKe cTaTopa HaIIpJlJKeHHe ypaBHoBeIIIHBaeTcH IIpOTHB03JJ:C H IIa,ll;eHHH-
MH HaIIpJlJKeHHH Ha CHHXpOHHOM HH)J;yKTHBHOM COlIpoTHBJIeHHH.
BeKTopHbIe ,lI;HarpaMMbI CM JlBJIHIOTCH rpaljJHqeCKHM peIlleHHeM ypaBHe-
HHH 3JIeKTp qeCKOrO paBHoBecHH. YIIpOIl{eHHbIe BeKTopHbIe ,lI;Ha:--paMMbI HeHB-
HOnOJIIOCHOH H HBHOnOJIIOCHOH CM, IIoCTpoeHHbIe Ha OCHOBaHHH. ypaBHeHHH
(3.19) H (3.20))I;JIH reHepaTOpHoro peJKHMa, IIOKa3aHbI Ha pHC. 3.6. I1x IllUpOKO
HCnOJIb3yroT IIPH KaqeCTBeHHOM aHaJIH3e IIpoueccoB B CM.
YroJI B MeJK.u;y BeK-
TOpOM [J H Eo, KOTOpbIH
ynoMHHaJICJI BbIrue IIPH
OIIHcaHHH CHHxpOHHoro
.u;BHraTeJIH, Ha3bIBaeTCH yr-
JIOM HarpY3KH. TIpH pa60Te
CM B reHepaTopHOM pe-
JKHMe HaIIpHJKeHHe U Bce-
r,ll;a OTCTaeT OT 3JJ:C Eo, B
nOM CJIyqae yrOJI B C'-IHTa-
eTCH nOJIOJKHTeJIbHbIM. qeM
60JIbrne HarpY3Ka reHepa-
Topa (OT,lI;aBaeMaH MOIl{-
HOCTb), TeM 60JIbrne yroJI B.
16
180
o
o
16 I
6
a
PUC. 3.7. BHelIIHue (a) u perYJIUpOBO'lHble (6)
xapaKTepucTuKU cr
:1 I
I
I
11!li
98
rnaBa 3. CMHXpoHHble reHepaTOpbl
napannenbHafl pa60Ta CMHxpoHHoro reHepaTopa
C MO HOM ceTblO
99
CqeT YBeJIHqeHHH (IIpH aKTHBHo-HH.u;yKTHBHOH HarpY3Ke) TOKa B036Yj[()J;eHHH 16
pOTopa.
3.3. TIapaJlJleJlLHaH paooTa CHHxpoHHoro reHepaTopa
C MOm;HoH CeTLIO
H B MOMeHT BKJIIOqeHHH B03HHKHeT 3HaqHTeJIbHbIH MeXaHHqeCKHH TOnqOK, CIIO-
C06HbIH BbI3BaTb IIOBpej[()J;eHHe reHepaTopa Hero IIpHBO,ll;HOrO ,u;BHraTeJIH;
1') ecJIH HapyrueHo qepe.u;OBaHHe 1jJa3 reHepaTopa H ceTH, TO IIapanneJIb-
HaJl pa60Ta HeB03MOJKHa H BKJIIOqeHHe reHepaTopa Ha ceTb MOJKeT BbI3BaTb TH-
JKenyIO aBapHIO BCJIe,ll;CTBHe 60JIblliHX ypaBHHTeJIbHbIX TOKOB H 3HaKOIIepeMeH-
HbIX MeXaHH'IeCKHX TOJIqKOB.
MepOIIpHHTHH IIO BbIIIOJIHeHHIO IIepeqHCJIeHHbIX YCJIOBHH IIPH BKJIIOqe-
HHH cr Ha IIapaJIneJIbHYIO pa60ry Ha3bIBaIOT CHHxpOHH3aIJ;HeH. IIpaKTHqeCKH
IIPH CHHxpOHH3aIJ;HH CHaqaJIa YCTaHaBJIHBaIOT 'HOMHHaJIbHyro qaCTory BpaIl{e-
HHH cr, 'ITO 06eCIIe'lHBaeT IIpHMepHOe paBeHCTBO '1aCTOT fr H fc, a 3aTeM, pe-
rYJIHpYH TOK B036Y)l()J;eHHH reHepaTOpa. .u;06HBaIOTCH paBeHCTBa EOt/> =Uet/>. <:Da-
30BbIH c.u;BHr Mej[()J;y EOt/> H Uet/>, a TaKJKe IIOpH.u;OK qepe.u;OBaHHH 1jJa3 IIpOBepHIOT
JIaMIIOBbIM11 HJIH CTpeJIOqHbIMU CHHXpOHOCKOIIaMH, O,ll;HaKO qame Bcero CHH-
xpoHH3aIJ;HJI OCYIl{eCTBJIHeTCH C IIOMOIl{bIO aBTOMaTHqeCKHX IIpH60pOB 6e3 Y'la-
CTHH 06CJIYJKHBaIOIl{ero IIepCOHana.
i
1 111
I'
3.3.1. YCJIOBHH BKJIIO"leHHH CHHxpoHHoro l'eHepaTOpa
Ha napaJIJIeJIbHYIO pa60TY
IIpH paccMoTpeHHH IIpoueccoB B cr IIPH pa60Te C CeTbIO IIepBOCTeIIeH-
Hoe 3HaqeHHe HMeIOT BOIIpOCbI BKJIIOqeHHH Ha IIapaJIneJIbHYIO pa60ry H pery-
JIHpOBaHHH ero aKTHBHOH H peaKTHBHOH MOIl{HOCTeH. TIpH 3TOM, KaK npaBHJIO,
IIpe,ll;IIOJIaraeTCH, qTO MOIl{HOCTb ceTH MHoro 60JIbllie MOIl{HOCTH reHepaTopa. a
HaIIpXJKeHHe U e H qaCTOTa fc ceTH IIOCTOJIHHbI.
IIpH BKJIIOqeHHH cr Ha IIapaJIJIenbHYIO pa60ry .u;06HBaIOTcH BbIIIOJIHeHHH
qeTbIpeX ycnoBHH, Ha3bIBaeMblX YCJIOBHJlMH TO'-IHOH CHHxpoHH3aumI [30]:
1) ,lI;eHcTBYIOIl{He 3HaqeHHH IjJa3HbIX 3JJ:C reHepaTopa EOr/> .u;OJIJKHbI 6bITb
paBHbI ,lI;eHcTByroIl{HM 3HaqeHHHM IjJa3HbIX HaIIpHJKeHHH ceTH, EOt/> =Uet/>;
2) qaCTOTa 3JJ:C reHepaTopa fr .u;OJIJKHa 6bITb paBHa qaCTOTe ceTH fc, T. e.
fr= fc;
3) 3JJ:C BKJIIOqaeMOrO reHepaTopa EOt/> H HarrpHJKeHHe ceTH Uer/> .u;OJIJKHbI
HMeTb C,lI;BHr IIO ljJa3e, paBHbIH 180°;
4) reHepaTop H ceTb ,lI;OJIJKHbI HMeTb O,ll;HHaKOBbrH IIOpH)l;OK qepe.u;oBaHHH
1jJa3.
TIpH C06JIIO.u;eHHH 3THX YCJIOBHH reHepaTopbI BKJIIOqaIOTCH B ceTb IIpaK-
THqeCKH 6e3 6pOCKOB TOKa. HeBbIIIOJIHeHHe YCJIOBHH CHHXPOHH3aIJ;HH npHBOlIHT
K CJIe)J;yIOIl{HM IIOCJIe,ll;CTBHHM:
a) eCJIH EOt/> ;r Uot/>. a TpeTbe YCJIOBHe BbIIIOJIHHeTCH, TO IIO 06MOTKe CTa-
Topa B MOM HT KJIIOq HH IIOH,ll;eT ypaBHHTeJIbHbIH TOK, 06YCJIOBJIeHHbIH Be-
JIHqHHOH M = Eop + U otjJ; IIO xapaKTepy 3TOT TOK JlBJIHeTCH peaKTHBHbIM, re-
HepaTOp He IIpHHHMaeT Harpy3KH, O)l;HaKO IIO BeJIHqHHe OH MOJKeT OKa3aTbCH
3HaqHTeJIbHbIM H BbI30BeT IIeperpeB 06MOTOK;
6) eCJIH fr* fc, TO B ueIIH reHepaTopa B03HHKaeT IIOCTOHHHO MeIUlIOIl{aJlCH
IIO BeJIHqHHe 3JJ:C liE = EotjJ + [fep, Ha3bIBaeMaJl 6HeHHeM HaIIpXJKeHHH; IIPH
3TOM BeJIHqHHa ypaBHl:ITeJIbHOrO TOKa Hero ljJa3a IIO OTHOllieHHIO K EOt/> u [fop
IIOCTOHHHO H3MeHHIOTCH, qTO BbI3bIBaeT KaK HarpeB 06MOTOK, TaK H 3HaKOIIepe-
MeHHbIe MeXaHHqeCKHe TOJI'-IKU Ha BaJIY reHepaTopa;
B) ecnH BeKTopbI Eop H [fop BpaIl{aIOTCH CHHXpOHHO, HO He HaXO)I;HTCH B
IIpOTHBoljJa3e, TO ypaBHHTeJIbHbIH TOK 6Y,ll;eT HMeTh aKTHBHYIO COCTaBJIHIOIl{YIO
3.3.2. 06llJ,He npHH Hnbl perYJIHpOBaHHH MOllJ,HOCTH
reHepaTopa npH napaJIJIeJIbHOH pa60Te C ceTblO
,III
'III!
II
PerYJIHpOBaHHe peaKTHBHoH MOIl{HOCTH cr, pa60TaIOIl{erO IIapaJIneJIbHO
C ceTbIO, B03MOJKHO H3MeHeHHeM TOKa B036Y)l()J;eHHH 16' TIoCJIe BbIIIOJIHeHHH
YCJIOBHH CHHxpOHH3aIJ;HH H BKJIIOqeHHH Ha IIapaJIJIeJIbHYIO pa60ry TOK B 06-
MOTKe CTaTOpa cr paBeH HYJIIO, TaK KaK liE = Eo - U e = 0 (puc. 3.8, a).
B 3THX YCJIOBHHX MaruHHa pa60TaeT B peJKHMe H.u;eaJIbHOrO XOJIOCTOrO
xo.u;a, He OT,lI;aeT MOlliHOCTb B ceTb H He IIoTpe6nJleT ee H3 ceTH. MOIl{HOCTb Ha
B036Yj[()J;eHHe IIOCTYIIaeT OT B036Y,ll;UTenH.
IIpH pa60Te cr Ha ceTb 60JIblliOH MOIl{HOCTH ero HaIIpHJKeHHe U r OCTaeT-
CH HeH3MeHHbIM H paBHbIM HaIIpJlJKeHHIO CeT11 U e . 'ITO 06YCJIaBJIHBaeT IIOCTOHH-
CTBO pe3YJIbTHpYIOIl{erO MamHTHoro IIOTOKa reHepaTopa.
IIpH YBeJIH'IeHHH TOKa B036YJK.u;eHHH (IIepeB036Yj[()J;eH11e reHepaTopa)
Eo > U e H MeJK.u;y ceTbIO H CTaTopoM cr IIOHBHTCH ypaBHHTeJIbHbIH TOK, 3Haqe-
HHe KOTOpOro OIIpe,ll;eJIHeTCH H3 COOTHOllieHHH (3.19)
j= Eo-Ue_M .
jX e jX e
(3.23)
I
I
I,ll
I
)
:\11]1
I
1'1
"
,
I, !I!I
3TOT TOK OTCTaeT OT BeKTopOB Eo H M Ha yrOJI n/2, TaK KaK COIIPOTHB-
JIeHHe l..{eII11 HKOpH Xc JlBJIHeTCH HH,u;YKTHBHbIM (PHC. 3.8, 6), C03.u;aeT pa3MarHH-
'IHBaIOIU)'IO peaKUHIO HKOpH H pe3YJIbTHPYIOllIHH MarHHTHbIH IIOTOK cr OCTaeT-
CH HeH3MeHHbIM. IIo OTHOllieHHIO K ceTH paCCMaTpHBaeMbIH ypaBHHTeJIbHbIH
TOK HBJIJleTCH eMKOCTHbIM (oIIepeJKaIOIIIHM BeKTop U e Ha yroJI nI2). IIoJIOJKUM,
II
II
I
llll!1
'1111
II
II ,
1
I I
111, \ 1
II
III; I
100
rnasa 3. CMHXpoHHble reHepaTopbl
napannenbHaR pa60Ta CMHxpoHHoro reHepaTopa
C MO HOM ceTblO
101
U r q>
Dr
qTO IIepeB036Yj[()J;eHHbIH reHepaTop HrpaeT MH MOIl{HOH ceTH pOJIb eMKoCTHoH
Harpy3KH, TO eCTb OT,lJ,aeT B ceTb peaKTHBHYIO MOIl{HOCTb [112]. JJ:anbHeHmee
YBeJI11qeHHe TOKa B036Yj[()J;eHHH 16 IIpHBe,u;eT K YBeJI11qeHHIO TOKa HKOpH, HO
C,lI;BMr .pa3, IIOKa3aHHbIH Ha pHC. 3.8, 6, He H3MeHHTCH, a K031jJljJHUHem MOllIHO-
CTH reHepaTopa OCTaHeTCH paBHbIM HYJIIO, cosrp = 0 npH rp = n/2.
IIpH YMeHbllieHHH TO-
Ka B036Y)l(,lJ,eHHH (He,u;OB03-
U r 6Y)K)J;eHHe reHepaTOpa) Eo <
U 2 , BeKTOp liE = Eo - fI 2
MeHHeT ljJa3Y (pHC. 3.8, B) H
COBIIa,ll;aeT IIO - HaIIpaBJIeHHIO
C BeKTopOM HaIIpHJKeHHH ce-
liE TH U e - YpaBHHTeJIbHbIH TOK,
OTCTaBaH OT BeKTopa liE Ha
U yrOJI n/2, IIO OTHomeHHIO K
c D c
----- ------ reHepaTopy TeIIepb OKa3bI-
BaeTCH qHCTO eMKOCTHbIM, a
IIO OTHomeHHIO K ceTH -
qHCTO HH,u;YKTHBHbIM. B re-
HepaTope OH C03,lJ,aeT HaMar-
HHQ11BaIOIl{YIO peaKUHIO HKOpH, IIo,u;,lJ,epJKUBaIOmyIO pe3YJIbTHPYIOIl{HH MamHT-
HbIH IIOTOK. B 3TOM cnyqae rOBOpJIT, qTO He,ll;oB036Yj[()J;eHHbIH reHepaTop IIO-
Tpe6JIHeT H3 ceTH peaKTHBHYIO MOIl{HOCTb, He06xo.u;HMYIO eMy ,lI;nH IIO,ll;MarHH-
qHBaHHH, H HrpaeT ,u;nH ceTH pOJIb HH,u;YKTHBHOH HarpY3KH.
OTMeTHM, QTO peaKTHBHbIH ypaBHHTeJIbHbIH TOK He C03,l1;aeT BpallIaIOllIe-
1'0 HJIH TOpM03Horo MOMeHTa, II03TOMy aKTHBHaH MOIl{HOCTb cr lIpH H3MeHe-
HHH TOKa B036Y)K)J;eHHH He BbIpa6aTbIBaeTCH H He IIoTpe6JIHeTCH H3 ceTH.
IIpoueccbI perYJI11pOBaHHH aKTHBHoH H peaKTHBHOH MOIl{HOCTeH cr IIO-
Ka3aHbI Ha BeKTopHbIX ,lI;HarpaMMax p11c. 3.9 H 3.10.
JJ:JIH Toro '-!T06bI reHepaTop, BKJIIOqeHHbIH Ha IIapaJIneJIbHYIO pa60TY C
ceTbIO, OT,lJ,aBaJI aKT11BHYIO MOllIHOCTb, He06xo,ll;HMO YBenH'-lHTb BpallIaIOulHH
MOMeHT ero IIpHBO,ll;Horo ,u;BHraTeJIH, '-!TO ,lI;OCTHraeTCH YBeJIH'-IeHHeM nO,lJ,aqH K
Typ6HHe IIapa (B Typ60reHepaTOpe) HJIH BO,ll;bI (B rH,u;poreHepaTOpe).
TIo,ll; ,lI;eHCTBHeM 3TOro MOMeHTa OCb IIOJIIOCOB pOTopa OIIepeJKaeT OCb IIO-
nIOCOB BpamaIOIl{erOCH MarHHTHoro nOJIH CTaTopa Ha yrOJI (} > 0, B pe3YJIbTaTe
BeKTop 3JJ:C Eo (PHC. 3.9, a) C,lJ,BHraeTCH IIO OTHomeHHIO K BeKTopy fI 2 Ha yroJI
(} B CTOPOHY OIIepeJKeHHH, a y TOKa CTaTopa la IIOHBHTCH aKTllBHaH COCTaBJIHIO-
rn.aH laa. KOTOpaJl YKa)l(eT, qTO reHepaTop OT,lJ,aeT B CeTb HeKoTopyIO aKTHBHYIO
MOllIHOCTb. O,ll;HOBpeMeHHo C 3THM reHepaTop pa3BHBaeT 3JIeKTpOMamHTHbIH
MOMeHT, KOTOpbIH ypaBHoBemHBaeT B03pOCruHH Bparn.aIOIl{HH MOMeHT IIpHBO)l;-
Horo ,lI;BHraTeJIH.
IIpH ,lI;aJIbHeHmeM YBenH'-le-
HHH Bpall{aIOIl{ero MOMeHTa IIPH-
BO,ll;HOro ,u;BHraTeJIH H IIPH HeH3-
MeHHOM TOKe B036Yj[()J;eHHH 16 BeK-
TOp 3JJ:C E 2 , He H3MeHJlHCb no Be-
JIUqUHe, 6y,u;eT nOBOpaqHBaTbCH IIO
OKPYJKHOCTH IIpOTHB qaCOBOH
CTpenKH (B CTOPOHY OIIepeJKeHHJI
fIe)' yrOJI B, BeJIH'-IHHa LJE H TOK la
6Y)J;yT paCTU, 6y,u;eT YBeJIH'-IHBaTbCH
BbIpa6aTbIBaeMaH reHepaTopOM
3JIeKTpOMamHTHaJl MOIl{HOCTb. O,ll;-
HOBpeMeHHO C 3THM 6Y,ll;eT He-
CKOJIbKO YBeJIHqUBaTbCH H peaKTHB-
HaH MOllIHOCTb, IIoTpe6JIHeMaH re-
HepaTopOM U3 ceTH, II03TOMY )!;JIJI
06eCIIeqeHHH Tpe6yeMoro peJKHMa pa60TbI cr C ceTbIO He06xo,ll;HMO peryJIHpo-
BaTb H TOK B036Y)l(,lJ,eHHH.
BeKTOpHaH ,lJ,HarpaMMa, COOTBeTCTBYIOliiaH ,u;BHraTeJIbHOMy peJKHMy CHH-
XpOHHOH MaIIIHHbI, IIOKa3aHa Ha pHC. 3.9, 6. IIo,u; ,lI;eHCTBHeM MOMeHTa HarpY3KH
HCIIOJIHHTeJIbHOrO MexaHH3Ma OCb IIOJIIOCOB pOTopa OTCTaeT Ha yroJI (} OT OCM
BpallIaIOIl{erOCH MamHTHoro IIOJIH CTaTopa.
B 3TOM cnyqae, KaK OTMe-
qaJIOCb B II. 3.1.4, e < 0, BeKTOp
3JJ:C Eo OTCTaeT OT BeKTopa
fIr Ha yrOJI (} U TOK CTaTopa,
B3aHMo,u;eHCTBYH C pe3ynbTH-
PYIOIl{HM MarHHTHbIM IIOTOKOM
(]Jpe3, C03,lJ,aeT BpallIaIOllIHH 3neK-
TpoMarHHTHbIH MOMeHT, ypaB-
HOBeruHBaIOIl{HH MOMeHT Ha-
rpY3KH Ha BaJIY. BeJIHqHHa 3Toro
MOMeHTa paCC'IHTbIBaeTCH IIO
1jJ0pMyJIe (3.28) HJIH (3.29).
B paccMoTpeHHbIx peJKH-
Max pa60TbI CHHXpoHHOH MaruH-
HbI pa3B11BaeMaJl MOllIHOCTb, a
3Ha'-IHT, H 3JIeKTpOMarHHTHbIH
MOMeHT TeM 60JIbme, qeM 60JIb-
me yron (}, T. e. qeM 60JIbruHH BpallIaIOllIHH MOMeHT pa3BHBaeT IIpHBO,ll;HOH
Eo
D --
U r
6E
Eo
I
U c
a
6
B
PUC. 3.8. PerYJIUpOBaHue peaKTUBHOii MOIQHOCTU
cr, nOL\KJIIO'IeHHOrO K ceTU npu XOJIOCTOM XOL\e
e
U c
PUC. 3.9. PerYJIUpOBaHue aKTuBHoii
MOIQHOCTU CUHXPOHHOii MaUlUHbl npu
napaJIJIeJIbHOii pa60Te C ceTblO:
a - zeuepamop; 6 - (J6uzameJJb
Eo
Dr
Dr
'fa
cp=o
lap
a
U c
Dc
B
PUC. 3.10. PerYJIUpOBaHue peaKTUBHOii MOIQ-
HOCTU CUHxpOHHoro reHepaTopa, nOL\KJIIO-
'IeHHOrO K ceru. npu HarpY3Ke
I,j III
,III: III
III
i:
II
,1111
I;II!I
IIII!III
1'111
I I !I
'1'1
11:111
102
rnaBa 3. CMHXpoHHble reHepaTopbl
napannenbHaR pa60Ta CMHxpoHHoro reHepaTopa
C MO HOM ceTblO
103
,lI;BHraTeJIb (y reHepaTopa) HJIH qeM 60JIbrue MOMeHT Harpy3KH Ha Bany (y ,lI;B11-
raTeJIH). TIpH H3MeHeHHH TOKa B036YJK.n;eHHH IIO,u; HarpY3KoH HMeIOT MeCTO Te
JKe HBJIeHHH, '-!TO A npH xonOCTOM xo.n;e - H3MeHHeTCH JIHIIIb peaKTHBHaH MOllI-
HOCTb. TaK, CHHXpOHHbIH reHepaTOp B peJKHMe, IIOKa3aHHOM Ha pHC. 3'.9, a, IIO-
Tpe6JIHeT H3 ceTH IIO,ll;MarHHqHBaIOIl{HH peaKTHBHbIH TOK lap, T. e. IIOTpe6JIHeT
peaKTHBHYIO MOIl{HOCTb. ECJIH HeCKOJIbKO YBeJIH'-II1Tb TOK B036Yj[()J;eHHH, MOJKHO
.u;06HTbCH peJKHMa, IIPH KOTOpOM lap= 0 (PHC. 3.10, a). TaKoH peJKHM Ha3bIBaIOT
peJKHMOM IIOJIHOrO, HJIH HopManbHoro, B036Yj[()J;eHHH.
JJ:aJIbHeHrnee YBeJIHqeH11e TOKa B036Y)K)J;eHHH IIp11BO,u;HT K nOHBJIeHHIO
OIIepeJKaIOIl{erO peaKTHBHoro TOKa lap (PUC. 3.10, 6) H reHepaTOp CTaHOBHTCH
HCTOqHHKOM peaKTHBHOH MOIl{HOCTH.
TaKOH peJKHM, Ha3bIBaeMbIH peJKHMOM IIepeB036Y)K)J;eHHH, HCIIOJIb3yeTcH
IIPH pa60Te cr Ha MOIl{HYIO ceTb.
Me)K)J;y BeKTopaMH U z H Eo, OIIpe,u;eJIHeMbIH CMeIl{eHHeM OCU pOTopa no OTHO-
rneHHIO KOCH pe3YJIbTHpYIOllIero MarnHTHOrO nOJIH. 3TU BeJIHqHHbI IIOJIHOCTbIO
onpe,u;enHIOT 3neKTpOMarHHTHYIO MOIl{HOCTb H IIPH U c = canst f = canst (ceTb
60JIbrnOH MOIl{HOCTH) H Eo = canst (IIOCToHHHoe B036Y)l(.n;eHHe) MOIl{HOCTb P 3M
3aBHCUT TonbKO OT yrJIa e. CBH3b 3T11X BeJIHqHH yCTaHaBJI11BaeTCH yrJIOBOH xa-
paKTepHCTHKOH [72].
TaKUM 06pa30M, yrJIOBOH xapaKTepHCTHKOH Ha3bIBaeTCH 3aBHCUMOCTb
aKTHBHOH 3neKTpOMarHHTHOH MOIIIHOCTH P 3iW OT yrJIa e npA IIOCTOHHHbIX 3Ha-
qeHHHX Eo, U c H f 3TO 3HaqHT, '-!TO yrnoBaH xapaKTepHCTHKa CTpOHTCH )!;JIH
CTporo oIIpe,u;eJIeHHOrO 3HaqeHHH TOKa B036Yj[()J;eHHH 16'
AKTHBHaH MOIl{HOCTb TpexljJa3HOll CHHXpOHHOH MarnHHbI OIIpe.n;eJIHeTCH
A3 ypaBHeHHH
fa
3.3.3. V -o6p83HbIe XapaKTepHCTHKH CHHXpOHHOH MaIDHHbl
P 3M "" Pi = 3Ul a COsrp
(3.24)
3aBHCHMOCTH la = ((leJ
IIPH U c = canst 11 P 3iW = canst
Ha3bIBaIOTCJI V-06pa3HbIMH xa-
paKTepHCTHKaMH. Ha p11c. 3.11
H306paJKeHbI TPH TaK11e xapaK-
TepHCTHK11 ,u;JIH cnyqaeB P = 0
(peJKI1M H,u;eaJIbHOrO XOJIOCTOrO
xo,u;a), PI > 0 H P 2 > Pl'
If3 BeKTopHbIX )l;HarpaMM
(CM. pHC. 3.8 - 3.10) CJIe,u;yeT,
qTO lIpaBbIe BeTBH V -06Pa3HbIX
xapaKTep11CTHK cooTBeTCTBYIOT
Puc. 3.11. V -06pll3Hble xapalnepucTuKU CM peJKHMy IIepeB036Yj[()J;eHHH, a
JIeBbIe BeTBH - peJK11My He,ll;O-
B036Yj[()J;eHHH. KpHBaH 1 IIOKa3bIBaeT H3MeHeHHe peaKTHBHoro TOKa IIP11 XOJIO-
CTOM xo,u;e, a MHHHMYM TOKa HKOpH Ha KpHBbIX 2 H 3 (CM. pAC. 3.11) COOTBeTCT-
ByeT BeJIHqHHe aKTHBHoro TOKa npH TOH 11JI11 HHOll Harpy3Ke IIPH casrp = 1,0.
Il1TpHxoBaH JIHHHH Ha pHC. 3.11 IIpe.n;cTaBJIHeT C060H rpaHHIlY YCTOHqHBOCT11,
Ha KOTOpOH yroJI e = 90°.
3.3.4. YrJlOBaH xapaKTepHcTHKa HeHBHOIIOJlIOCHOrO
reHepaTopa
IIp11 HCCJIe,ll;OBaHHH IIapaJIJIeJIbHOH pa60TbI cr C CeTbIO, T.e. C ,lI;pyrHMlI
CHHXpOHHbIMH MaIIIHHaMH, y,u;06HO ee 3JIeKTpOMarHHTHYIO MOllIHOCTb P 3iW BbI-
paJKaTb qepe3 HanpHJKeHHe ceTH Uc=U n 3JJ:C 06MOTKH CTaTopa Eo H yroJI e
Ian
113 BeKTopHOH .u;HarpaMMbI (CM. pHc.3.6, a) nYTeM ,lI;OIIOJIHHTeJIbHbIX IIOCTpoe-
HHH JIerKO HaxO)I;HTCH COOTHorneHHe
laxc COsrp = Eo sine, (3.25)
oTKy,u;a
Eo .
1a cosrp = -sme .
Xc
TIO,u;CTaBJIAA COOTHOrneHUe (3.26) B 1jJ0PMYJIY (3.24), IIonyqaeM
3UE o .
P 3M = -sme
Xe
Ha pHC. 3.12 B COOTBeTCTBHH C BbIpaJKeHHeM (3.27) nocTpoeHa yrJIOBaJl
xapaKTepHcTHKa P3M = f (B).
3JIeKTpOMamHTHbIH MOMeHT CM oIIpe,u;eJIHeTCH H3 COOTHorneHHH
M P3M VrEr. e
3M =-=m SIn.
Qc QcXc
II03TOMy yrJIOBaH xapaKTepHCTHKa B ,u;pyroM MacruTa6e HBJIHeTCH U XapaKTepH-
CTHKOll 3neKTpOMamHTHOrO MOMeHTa B 3aBHCHMOCT11 OT yrJIa B.
If3 COOTHorneHHH (3.27) H pHC. 3.12 cne,u;YeT, qTO ,u;JIJI HeHBHOIIOJIIOCHOro
CHHxpoHHoro reHepaTopa MaKCHMyMbI 3JIeKTpOMarHHTHoH MOIl{HOCTH H 3JIeK-
TpoMarHHTHoro MOMeHTa ,u;OCTHraIOTCH lIpH e = 90° U, COOTBeTCTBeHHO, paBHbI
UrEr
P 3M = m-
Xc
UrEr
M 3Mm =m-.
Qcxc
(3.26)
(3.27)
(3.28)
(3.29)
(3.30)
II' I
III
I
IIi IIII
1111/1
ii!' I
IIII
I j
1: 11 I
i II1 II
it I
III
I}
::11
I
1]' 1 '
j III
,Ii:i "
104
rnaBa 3. CMHXpoHHble reHepaTopbl
napannenbHaR pa60Ta CMHxpoHHoro reHepaTopa
C MO HOM ceTblO
105
TaKUM 06Pa30M, npe,ll;eJIbHaH MOIl{HOCTb reHepaTopa 3aBHCHT OT U r . E r H
Xc., HaIIpHJKeHHe reHepaTopa U r oIIpe.u;eJIHeTCH peJKHMOM pa60TbI CeTH H coxpa-
HHeTcH, KaK IIpaBHJIO, nOCTOJlHHbIM. 3JJ:C E r IIPH .u;aHHoM peJKUMe pa60TbI
onpe.u;eJIHeTCH HaIIpXJKeHUeM U r H napaMeTpaMH MaIIIHHbI.
O,ll;HaKO IIPH CpaBHHTeJIbHO
60JIbruOM H3MeHeHHH IIapaMeTpoB
3JJ:C H3MeHHeTCH He CTOJIb 3Ha'IH-
TeJIbHO. TI03TOMY MaKCHMaJIbHaJl
MOIl{HOCTb, a 3Ha'-IUT, H IIeperpy-
30qHaH CIIoc06HOCTb CHHXpOHHOH
MaruHHbI TeM 60JIbrue, qeM MeHb-
llIe HH)I;YKTHBHoe COIIpOTUBJIeHHe
Xc HJIH qeM 60JIbrue OK3:
OK3 = .
Xc
MOllIHOCTb P nO, pa3BHBae-
e
MaJI IIpHBO,ll;HbIM ,lI;BHraTeJIeM, OII-
pe.u;eJIHeTCH, KaK OTMeqaJIOCb,
MOIl{HOCTbIO, IIO,u;BO,ll;HMOH K cr C
BaJIa. Ha pHC. 3.12 3Ta MOIl{HOCTb
IIOKa3aHa npJlMOH ropH30HTaJIbHOH
JIHHHeH. IIpH YCTaHOBHBrueMCJI peJKHMe pa60TbI HOMHHaJIbHaH 3JIeKTpoMarHHT-
HaJI MOIl{HOCTb reHepaTopa P3M" paBHa MOIl{HOCTH PII.l\ (TOqKa A Ha pHC. 3.12).
OTHollIeHHe
P 3M M 3M
Pc
"-
,
,
90 0
180 0
PUC. 3.12. YrJlOBaH xapaKTepUCTUKa ueHB-
HOnOJlIOCHOrO cr
JJ:eHCTBHTeJIbHO, ecJIH IIO cnyqaHHbIM IIpH'-IHHaM pOTOp reHepaTopa no-
JIyqHT HeKOTopoe YCKopeHHe H yrOJI 0 B03paCTeT Ha ManyIO BeJIH'-IHHY .<10, TO
MOIl{HOCTb P3M TaKJKe B03paCTeT, XOTH MOIl{HOCTb, IIO.u;BO,ll;HMaH C BaJIa, He H3-
MewreTCH. reHepaTOp 6y.u;eT OT,lI;aBaTb B ceTb 60JIbIllYIO MOIl{HOCTb, '1eM nOJIY-
qHT OT Typ6HHbI, Hero pOTOp 6y.u;eT 3aTOpMaJKHBaTbCH, yrOJI 0 YMeHbIIIHTCH H
reHepaTOp BepHeTCJI K HOMHHaJIbHOMY peJKHMY B TOqKe A. Hao60poT, B TO'lKe
B IIOJIOJKHTeJIbHoMY IIpHpall{eHHIO yrJIa 0 cooTBeTcTByeT OTpHuaTeJIbHOe IIPH-
paru eHHe MOIl{HOCTH H yCTOH'lHBaJl pa60Ta reHepaTopa HeB03MOJKHa [33].
TaKUM 06Pa30M, pa60Ta CHHxpOHHoro reHepaTopa C CeTbIO YCTOH'IHBa,
ecJIH IIOJIOJKHTeJIbHoMY (oTpHuaTeJIbHOMY) IIpHpall{eHHIO yrna LlOCOOTBeTCTBY-
eT IIOJIOJKHTeJIbHoe (OTpHuaTeJIbHoe) IIpHparueHHe MOIl{HOCTH LIP:JM' T.e.
11P 3M } 0. (3.34)
/10
(3.31)
3TO YCJIOBHe BbIIIOJIHJleTCH ,lI;JIJI JIeBOH, BocXO)I;HIl{eH BeTBH yrJIOBOH xa-
paKTepHCTHKU.
IIpe.u;eJI oTHorueHHH
U z
lim 11P 3M = dP 3M = m 11
/10 dO Xc
Ez
cosO
(3.35)
1
K IJ ",,-
sinO" '
r,ll;e 0" - 3HaqeHHe yrJIa 0 IIPH HOMHHaJIbHOM peJKHMe pa60TbI.
(3.33)
HOCHT Ha3BaHHe CHHXpOHH3HpYIOIl{eH MOIl{HOCTH, KOTOpaH 0603Ha'iaeTCJI pc.
<:DH3HqeCKH CHHXpOHH3HPYIO aH MOIl{HOCTb oIIpe.u;eJIHeT CHJIY, KOTOpaJI
y.u;epJKHBaeT MaruHHY B CHHXpoHH3Me C CeTbIO, YIIPyryIO 3JIeKTpOMarHHTHYIO
CBJl3b poTopa C BpaIl{aIOIl{HMCJI MamHTHbIM IIOJIeM. TaKaH CBJl3b MOJKeT 6bITb
YIIo.u;06JIeHa .u;eHcTBHIO YIIpyr11X IIPYJKHH, CBJl3bIBaIOIl{HX IIOJIe reHepaTopa H
BparuaIOIl{HHCJI poTOp. ECJIH IIO KaKHM-JIH60 IIpH'IHHaM yroJI 0 IIpeBbIcHT 90°,
MamHTHaH CBJI3b HapyruHTCJI, pOTOp BbIIIa,ll;eT H3 CHHXpOHH3Ma, qTO 6Y,ll;eT co-
OTBeTCTBOBaTb pa3pbIBY npyJKHH.
KpHBaH CHHXpOHH3HpYIOllIeii MOIl{HOCTH C,u;BHHYTa OTHOCHTeJIbHO yrJIo-
BOH XapaKTepHCTHKH Ha yrOJI 90° BJIeBO (IIYHKTHp Ha pHC. 3.12). CHHXPOHH3H-
PYIO aH MOIl{HOCTb MaKCHMaJIbHa, Kor.u;a P:JM= O. Kor.u;a 3JIeKTpoMarHHTHaH
MOIl{HOCTb MaKCHMaJIbHa, MOIl{HOCTb Pc = 0, T.e. MaruHHa HaXO,ll;HTCJI Ha IIpe.u;e-
JIe CTaTH'IeCKOH YCTOHqHBOCTH. IIpH BbIIIa,ll;eHHH H3 CHHXpoHH3Ma OHa IIepecTa-
eT pa60TaTb KaK CHHXpOHHbIH reHepaTOp, IIepeXO)I;HT B aCHHxpoHHbIH peJKHM H
B CJIY'Iae, eCJIH BOCCTaHOBJIeHHH CHHXpOHH3Ma (PecHHXPOHH3aUHH) He IIpoHC-
XO)I;HT, C CHHXpOHHOH MaIIIHHbI .u;OJIJKHO 6bITb CHJlTO B036Yj[()J;eHHe H OHa .u;OJIJK-
Ha 6bITb BbIBe.u;eHa H3 pa60TbI.
TIo aHaJIOrHU C CHHXpOHH3HpYIOIl{eH MOIl{HOCTbIO BeJIHqHHa
dM 3M U E
Mc - dO = m cosO (3.36)
Qcxc
K IJ = P 3Mm (3.32)
P 3MH
Ha3bIBaeTCJI IIeperpY30qHOH cIIoc06HOCTbIO CHHXpOHHOH MaIIIHHbI HJIH CTaTH-
qeCKOH IIeperpYJKaeMOcTbIO.
JJ:JIJ1 HeHBHOIIOJIIOCHbIX MaruHH
3.3.5. CTaTH"leCKaH H ,D:HHaMH"leCKaH YCTOH"lHBOCTb
napaJIJ1eJ1bHOii pa60Tbi cr C ceTLIO
IIepeceqeHHe IIpHMOH Pno C KpHBOH P 3M Ha pHC. 3.12 onpe,ll;eJIHeT ,lI;Ba
B03MOJKHbIX peJKHMa pa60TbI reHepaTopa - B TO'IKaX A H B, OlIHaKO TOJIbKO pe-
JKHM, cooTBeTCTBYIOIl{HH TOqKe A, JlBJIHeTCH yCTOHqHBbIM.
I' ,"I
I
IIIII
II
II!
II
illl
I1I II
I I
I II II I 1
JI! !
II I
I'
I II
III
I
I
III
II!I
'I
III
II i I
II: 1
106
napannenbHa pa60Ta CMHXpOHHOrO reHepaTOpa
C MOLLIHOM CeTblO
107
rnaBa 3. CMHXpoHHble reHepaTopbl
HOCHT Ha3BaHHe CHHXpOHH3HpyroIl{erO MOMeHTa.
TIO.l\ CHHXpOHH3HPYIOllIHM MOMeHTOM cJIe,u;YeT IIOHHMaTb MOMeHT Bpa-
llIeHHH, C KOTOpbIM pOTOp IIPH ero OTKnOHeHHH OT IIOJIOJKeHHH paBHOBeCHH
CTpeMHTCH BepHYTbCH K 3TOMY IIOJIOJKeH11IO. '
CHHXpOHH3HpYIOIl{aH MOIl{HOCTb Pc H CHHXPOHH3HPYIOllIHH MOMeHT Me
IIOJIOJKllTeJIbHbI ,u;nH YCTOHqHBOH 30HbI yrJIOBOH xapaKTepHCTHK11 11 oTpHua-
TeJIbHbI ,lI;JIH HeYCTOHqHBOH 30HbI. TI03TOMY KpHTepHH CTaTHqeCKOH YCTOHqHBO-
CTH MOJKHO 3aIIHcaTb He TOJIbKO B Bu,u;e HepaBeHCTBa (3.34), HO H B 1jJ0pMe
2. TIo,u; ,lJ,eHCTBHeM CHJI 11HepUHH pOTOp UPOXO)I;HT TO'IKY C, COOTBeTCTBYIOIl{YIO
paBeHCTBY MOMeHTOB, H ,lI;OCTHraeT HeKOTopOH TOqKll JJ:, B KOTOpOH H36bITOK
KHHeTH'IeCKOH 3HeprH11 BpaIl{aIOllIHXCH Macc 6Y,lI;eT H3paCXO,lJ,OBaH. TIpH 3TOM
nJIOIl{a,ll;KH ABC 11 CJJ:E paBHbI Mej[()J;Y C060H. 3aTeM pOTOp 6Y,lI;eT 3aMe,u;nJITbCH,
yrOJI 8 YMeHblli11TCH ,u;o 3HaqeHHH, 6nH3Koro K 81. H CHOBa B03HUKHeT KOJIe6a-
TenbHbIH npouecc.
TIp11 OTCYTCTBHH IIOTepb B
CTaTope H B pOTope KOJIe6aHHe
pOTopa IIpO,lJ,OmKaJIOCb 6bI 6eCKO-
He'IHO ,lI;OJIro. O,ll;HaKO B rrpouecce
KOJIe6aHHH IIOMHMO ,lJ,eHCTBYIO-
llIHX Ha pOTOp reHepaTopa MOMeH-
TOB rrpHBO,lJ,HOrO ,lJ,BHraTeJIH, a
TaKJKe 3neKTpOMamHTHoro H ,lI;H-
HaMH'-IeCKOrO MOMeHTOB B03HH-
KaIOT ,lJ,OIIOnHHTeJIbHbIe TOpM03- p 3M}
HbIe MOMeHTbI, IIO,u; ,u;eHCTBHeM
KOTOpbIX KOJIe6aHHH 6bICTpO 3aTY-
xaIOT H reHepaTOp IIepexo,u;HT Ha
YCTOH'-lHBYIO pa60TY B TOqKe B
rrpH paBeHCTBe M rr .!! = M 3M HJIH
P IIJ\ = P 3M TIPH yrJIe 82.
Ha pHC. 3.13, 6 KpHBaH 3
cooTBeTcTByeT rrpe,ll;eJIbHoMY 3Ha-
qeHHIO TOKa B036 Y )l(.l\eH11H , TI P H P
3M}
KOTOpOM YCKopeHIle pOTopa IIO,ll;
,lJ,eHCTB11eM H36bITO'-IHOrO MOMeHTa
rrpUBO,lJ,HOrO ,u;B11raTeJIH TIpOHCXO-
,u;HT ,u;o KpHTH'-IeCKOrO 3HaqeHHH
yma 8 (TIJIOllIa,l\b TpeyrOJIbH11Ka
EKG MeHbllie nJIOIl{a,l\H AFE), H
reHepaTop BbIIIa.l\aeT H3 CHHXpO-
HH3Ma.
JJ:nH IIOBbIllieHHH ,u;11HaMH'-IeCKOH YCTOHqHBOCTH IIapaJIJIeJIbHOH pa60TbI
cr 11CIIOJIb3YIOT 6bICTpO,ll;eHCTBYIOIl{He APH H ,u;eMIIljJepHbIe (YCIIoKOHTeJIbHble)
06MOTKll Ha pOTope. YCIIOKOHTeJIbHbIe 06MOTKH IIPH H3MeHeHHH IIOJIOJKeHHH
pOTopa (IIpH ero YCKopeHHH HJIH 3aMe,u;neHHH) C03,l1;aIOT IIpoTHBo,u;eHcTBYIOIl{HH
aCHHxpoHHbIH MOMeHT, KOTOpbIH cIIoc06cTByeT CHHJKeHHIO Kone6aHHH. B He-
HBHOTIOnIOCHbIX cr pOJIb ,u;eMIIljJepHoH 06MOTKH BbIIIonHHIOT MaCCHBHbIe IIO-
JIIOCa pOTopa, B KOTOpbIX TIPH KOJIe6aHHHX HH,u;YKTHpYIOTCH BHxpeBble TOKH,
C03,u;aroIIIHe TOpM03HOH 3JIeKTpOMamHTHbIH MOMeHT.
P3M
Pc> 0 HJIH Me> O.
(3.37)
6
CUHXpOHH3HPYIOIl{He MOIl{HOCTb H MOMeHT 06YCJIOBJIeHbI B3aHMo,u;eHCT-
BHeM IIapaJIJIenbHO pa60TaIOIl{HX reHepaTopOB. TI03TOMY HCHO, 'ITO ,u;nH aBTO-
HOMHO pa60TaIOIl{erO reHepaTOpa 3TH IIOHJlTHH He IIpHeMJIeMbI.
TIo,u; ,u;UHaMHqeCKOH YCTOH'-IHBOClbIO IIapaJIJIeJIbHOH pa60TbI CHHXPOHHbIX
reHepaTopOB IIOHHMaIOT HX CIIoc06HOCTb BocnpHHHMaTb BHe3aIIHbIe H 60JIblliHe
B03MYIl{eHHH (H3MeHeHHH HarpY3K11, BpaIl{aIOIl{erO MOMeHTa, TOKa B03-
6YJK,u;eHHH) 6e3 HapYllieHHH CHHXpOHH3Ma.
PaCCMOTpHM pHc.3. 13, Ha KOTOpOM YCTaHOBHBnrnHCH peJKHM pa60TbI cr
C ceTbIO xapaKTepH3yeTCJI TOqKOH A [33]. B 3TOH TOqKe P rrl = P 3Mh a yron Ha-
rpY3KH cooTBeTcTByeT 8 1 . TIpH BHe3aIIHOM B03paCTaHHH MOllIHOCTH IIp11BO,u;HO-
ro ,u;BHraTeJIH,u;o 3HaqeHHH P rr2 pOTOp reHepaTopa nonY'IHT YCKopeHHe H yroJI ()
6Y,lJ,eT YBeJIHqHBaTbCH. HOBOMY 3HaqeHHIO MOIl{HOCTH P n2 COOTBeTcTByeT 3JIeK-
TpOMarHUTHaH MOIl{HOCTb reHepaTopa P 3Mb KOTopaH ,u;OCTHraeTCH IIP11 yrJIe fh,
o,u;HaKO B CHJIY HHepuH11 pOTOp IIpoii)l;eT IIOJIOJKeHHe, COOTBeTCTBYIOIl{ee yrJIY
()2, H ,lI;OCTHrHeT HeKOToporo yrJIa 8 3 , IIOKa He 6y,u;eT IIOraIIIeHO TIpHpaIl{eHHe
KHHeTH'-IeCKOH 3HeprnH arperaTa. 3aIIITpHXOBaHHbIe IIJIOllIa,ll;H Ha pHC. 3.13, a
TIpOIIOPUHOHaJIbHbI H36bITOqHOH KHHeTHqeCKOH 3HeprHH BpamaIOUlHxcH Macc.
JJ:aJIee pOTOp Ha'iHeT 3aMe,ll;nHTbCH, a yrOJI 8 YMeHblliHTCH,lJ,O 3HaqeHHH,
6JIH3KOrO K 81> H T.,u;. IIocTeIIeHHo 3TOT KOJIe6aTeJIbHbIH IIPOUecC 3aTYXHeT H
YCTaHOBHTCH peJKHM, cooTBeTcTBYIOllIHH ymy 82 (TOqKa B). 113 npHBe,u;eHHoro
npHMepa CJIe,u;yeT, '-!TO pa60Ta cr 6y,u;eT YCTOHqHBa, eCJIH B rrpouecce KOJIe6a-
HHH yrOJI () He IIpeBbICHT 90°. B IIpOTHBHOM cnY'Iae YCTOHqHBOCTb IIapanJIeJIb-
HOH pa60TbI HapYlliHTcH H reHepaTop BbIIIa,ll;eT H3 CUHXpoHH3Ma.
AHaJIOrHqHble IIpoueccbI IIpOHCXO,ll;SlT H IIPH BHe3aIIHOM H3MeHeH11U TOKa
B036YJK,u;eHHH (PHC. 3.13, 6). TO'-IKa A Ha pHC. 3.13, 6 COOTBeTcTByeT HOMH-
HaJIbHOMY peJKUMY pa60TbI Ha yrJIOBUq xapaKTepHCTHKe 1. IIpH YMeHbllieHHH
TOKa B036Y)l(.l\eHHH reHepaTop cpa3Y IIepeXO)l;I1T Ha yrJIOBYIO xapaKTepHCTHKY 2
B TOqKY B H B03HHKaeT HepaBeHCTBO MOMeHTOB, M no > M 3M . IIo,u; ,u;eHCTBHeM
H36bITOqHOrO MOMeHTa MH:ID = Mrr.l\ - M 3M pOTOp np1106peTaeT YCKopeHHe, ero
CKOpOCTb H yrOJI 8 paCTYT H pa60qaH TOqKa IIepeMeIl{aeTCH IIO xapaKTepHCTHKe
PU.L(l
a
63 90 0
6
180 0
o
e
180 0
PUC. 3.13. K nOHCHeHUIO J{uHaMU"IecKou
YCTOU"IUBOCTU cr
IIII
11111'
1 ' ;'11
i I
!II!I
III!
1
IIIIII
1 11, :
I
I
ill
lIil
1 , 11111
, I1 '1
, II
I
I
1 m
1'1
III
I'I!I
!IIII
:1
I
1 111
III
I
108
rnaBa 3. CMHXpoHHble reHepaTopbl
napannenbHaJi pa60Ta CMHxpoHHoro reHepaTopa
C MO HOM ceTblO
3aMeqaTeJIbHbIM CBOHCTBOM CHHXPOHHbIX MalliHH HBJIHeTCH TaKJKe CIIO-
C06HOCTb aBTOMaTHqeCKH YBeJIHqHBaTb CBOIO ,u;HHaMHqecKYIO YCTOHqHBOCTb 3a
CqeT Toro, '-!TO B IIepeXO,ll;HbIX IIpoueccax B 06MoTKe HKOpH YCHJIHBaIOTCH 31jJ-
ljJeKTbI BbITeCHeHHH IIOTOKa Ha IIym paCCeJIHHH, CHHxpoHHoe HH.u;yKTHBHoe co-
npOTHBJIeHHe Xc YMeHblliaeTcH, a 3TO B COOTBeTCTBHH C COOTHOllieHHeM (3.29)
IIpHBO,ll;HT K YBeJIHqeHHIO MaKCHMYMa 3JIeKTpOMarHHTHOH MOIl{HOCTH.
109
TbIM B CHHXpOHH3M, cIIoc06eH BpallIaTbCH CHHXpoHHO C IIOJIeM cTaTopa npH OT-
CYTCTBHH B036Y)l());eHHH, IIPH 3TOM reHepaTop pa3BHBaeT MOIl{HOCTb P3M2 3a
C'IeT ,lI;eHCTBHH peaKTHBHoro MOMeHTa.
YrJIOBaJl xapaKTepHCTHKa HBHOIIOJIIOCHOrO CHHxpoHHoro reHepaTopa npH
ra = 0, Eo = const H U = const IIOKa3aHa Ha p11c. 3.14, IIPH 3TOM IIpHHHTO, '1TO
IIapaMeTpbI Xd H Xg TaKJKe IIOCTOHHHbI.
If3 pHC. 3.14 CJIe,u;yeT, qTO MaKCHMYM MOIl{HOCTH HBHOIIOJIIOCHOrO cr He-
CKOJIbKO C,u;BHraeTCH B CTOpoHY 3HaqeHHH yrJIa () ( !!.. H HeCKOJIbKO B03pacTaeT
2
3.3.6. YrJlOBaH xapaKTepHCTHKa HBHOnOJlIOCHOrO CHHxpoHHoro
reHepaTopa
JJ:JIH HBHOIIOJIIOCHOH CM 1jJ0PMYJIa 3JIeKTpOMarHHTHOH MOllIHOCTH IIOJIy-
qaeTCH H3 IIpe06pa30BaHHH IIYTeM ,lI;OIIOJIHHTenbHbIX IIoCTpOeHHH Ha BeKTopHoH
)l;HarpaMMe (PHC. 3.6, 6) H oIIpe,u;eJIHeTCH COOTHOllieHHeM
mEoU . mU 2 1 1 .
P3M =-sm()+-(---)sm2().
xd 2 Xg xd
(3.38)
IIepBbIH qJIeH BbIpaJKeHHH (3.38)
mEoU.
P 3M1 =-sm() (3.39)
xd
OIIpe,ll;eJIHeT OCHOBHYIO COCTaBJIHIOIl{YIO MOllIHOCTH reHepaTopa, 3aBHCHllIYIO
KaK OT HaIIpHJKeHHH ceTH, TaK H OT TOKa B036Y)K)J;eHHH, HJIH OT 3AC.
BTOpOH qJIeH
-8
-180 0
mU 2 1 1 .
P 3M2 =-(---)sm2() (3.40)
2 Xg xd
OIIpe,ll;eJIHeT ));OIIOJIHHTeJIbHYIO COCTaBJIHIOIUYIO MOIl{HOCTH, He 3aBHCHIUYIO OT
TOKa B036Y)l());eHHH.
B HeHBHOIIOJIIOCHOH MaruHHe Xd = Xg, II03TOMY P3M2 = O.
3JIeKTpOMarHHTHbIH MOMeHT HBHOIIOJIIOCHOH CHHXpOHHOH MaIIIHHbI TaK-
JKe HMeeT ,u;Be COCTaBJIHIOIl{He:
OCHOBHYIO
e
]80 0
PUC. 3.14. YnlOBaH xapaKTepucTuKa HBHOnOJilOCHOii CM
BemlqHHa 3TOH MOllIHOCTH. IIeperpY30'-IHaH cIIoc06HOCTb B HBHOIIOJIIOCHOH
MaruHHe HeCKOJIbKO BbIllie, qeM B HeHBHOIIOJIIOCHOH, a yroJI, IIPH KOTOpOM ,u;oc-
THraeTCH P 3 Mm, COCTaBJIHeT 70 - 80°.
3.4. OcooeHHoCTH paooTbI cr Ha BbIDpDMHTeJIbHYIO HarpY3KY
IIpH pa60Te cr Ha BbIIIpHMUTeJIb-
HYIO HarpY3KY (pHC. 3.15) TOK B ljJa3ax
06MOTKH cTaTopa IIpe,u;cTaBJIHeT C060ll
PH)); O));HO- HnH ,u;BYXIIOJIHpHbIX HMIIYJIbCOB
IIO 1jJ0pMe, 6JIH3KHX K TpaIIeUHH (PHC.
3.16) [30].
IIepexo,u; TOKa OT O,ll;HOH ljJa3bI 06-
MOTKH CTaTopa K ,lI;PyroH He MOJKeT IIpo-
HCXO,ll;HTb MrHOBeHHO U3-3a HH,lI;YKTHBHO-
CT11 ljJa3, II03TOMY B Te'IeHHe BpeMeHH, CO-
OTBeTCTBYIOIl{ero yrJIy KOMMYTaIJ;HH y, TOK
o,u;HOBpeMeHHO IIpoXO)I;HT qepe3 ,u;Ba BeH-
EoU .
M 3M1 =m-sm()
QCxC
H ,u;OIIOJIHHTeJIbHYIO (peaKTHBHYIO)
mV 2 1 1 . ( )
M 3M2 =-(---)sm2(). 3.42
2Qc Xg xd
MOIl{HOCTb P 3M2 H MOMeHT M 3 M2 HMeIOT MeCTO H IIPH OTCYTCTBUH B03-
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14L =O.5(E A + En). ( 3.43)
T.e. MeHbrne, qeM IIPH OTCYTCTBHH KOMMYTauHH.
BeJIHqHHa cpe,u;Hero BbIIIpHMJIeHHoro HaIIpHJKeHHH IIPH fd const co-
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IIpH COS qJ= 1 H a = 0 (npH OTCYTCTBHH perYJIHpoBaHHH) Knen::::; 0,667,
T.e. MOIl{HOCTb cr CHHJKaeTCH npHMepHo 2nlm
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H COCTaBJIHeT
UdO = 1, 17 EK-,lI;JIH cxeMblpHc. 3.15, a;
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r,u;e 3JJ:C E R orrpe,u;eJIHeTCH U3 ypaBHeHHH
3
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a K031jJ1jJHI. HeHT HCIIOJIb30BaHHH
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MbI TOKa ero ,u;eHCTBYIOIl{ee 3HaqeHHe ,u;nH
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(3.53)
fa = Id = I d .Jf, (3.47)
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113
CxeMbl B036Y>KAeHMR CMHXPOHHblX reHeparopoB
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.u;OJIJKHbI cHa6JKaTbCH MOIl{HbIMH ,lI;eMIIljJepHbIMH 06MOTKaM11.
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CMelliaHHbIM HJIH He3aB11CHMbIM B036Y)l()];eHHeM. B IIOCJIe.u;HeM cny'Iae 06MoTKa
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Ka - IIOlIB036YlIHTeJIH. IIo,u;B036Y)I;HTeJIH HCIIOJIb3YIOTCH JIHllib B MaruuHax
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B reHepaTopax C B036y.u;HTeJIeM peryJIHpOBaHUe HaIIpHJKeHHH MOJKHO
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B cOBpeMeHHbIx CHHXPOHHbIX reHepaTopax IIpHMeHHIOT TaK Ha3bIBaeMYIO
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TaHHH 06MOTK11 B036Y)l()];eHHH reHepaTopa OTCYTCTBYIOT CKOJIb3HllIHe KOHTaKTbI,
'ITO cYllIeCTBeHHo IIOBbIlliaeT Ha,lI;eJKHOCTb CHCTeMbI B036Y)K)J;eHHH.
CaMoB036Yj[()J;eHHe CUHxpoHHoro reHepaTopa IIpOHCXO.u;11T TaK JKe, KaK H
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HOM HaIIpaBJIeHHH. IIpH O,lJ,HHaKOBOM HaIIpaBJIeH11H BpaIl{eHHH MarHHTHoro IIO-
JIH B036Y,ll;HTeJIH H pOTapa CKOpOCTb IIOJIH IIOJIY'laeTCH MeHbrue CKOpOCTI1 pOTO-
pa, eCJIH qHCJIO IIap IIonIOCOB B036YMTeJIH 60JIblie qHCJIa IIap nOJIIOCOB reHe-
paTopa.
LJd
Br +
OBr_ PB
PUC. 3.20. CxeMa B036y eHuH 6ecKoHTaKT-
Horo cr C acuHxpoHHblM B036YLlUTeJIeM
Tp
-14-
PUC. 3.21. TIpuH..unUaJlbHaH cxeMa CAPH
CUHxpoHHoro reHepaTopa
" I
III
I:
I
'II
!
I
I'l l
II
III!
II
116
rnaBa 3. CMHXpoHHble reHepaTopbl
CMHXpOHHble reHepaTOpbl AJ1J1 B3Y
117
3.6. CHHXpoHHble reHepaTopbl J(J]H B3Y
3.6.1. eUHxpOHHLle reHepaTopLI Tuna re, ree, rCeI>
cepUUHoro npoU3Bo,QCTBa
Horo :: Ta6JI. 3.1 npHBe,u;eHbI HOMUHaJIbHbIe ,lI;aHHbIe reHepaTopoB OTe'leCTBeH-
COBpe :::,lI; ;:;, o HeKOTopbIM U3 KOTOpbIX HMeeTCJI onbIT npuMeHeHHH B
250C 6 [ 08]. B '1aCTHOCTH, B BeTpoYCTaHOBKaX AB3-250 AB3
200 HP; _; H rKE «1OJKHoe» yc aHOBJIeHbI reHepaTopbI rCC-I04-4, rCE
'1aJIbHO CII ' Hapa60TaH 60JIbIIIOH OIIbIT HX 3KCnJIyaTaWIH. Bce OHH "3Ha-
UCTO'IHHK O;;:; :: ; : ;: ::::"; ::;:oro pe HMa pa60TbI B Ka'leCTBe
HaIIpJlJKeHHeM 230 H 400 B aCTOTOH 50 n H HOMHHaJIbHbIM
3JIeKTpocTaHQHHx HMeIOT CTa:r TaIJ;HOHapHbIx 11JIU IIepe,ll;BHJKHbIX )l;H3eJIbHbIX
CKHH peryJIHTOp H IIpJlJKeHHH. ecRyIO cHcTeMY B036YJK,lI;eHHH " aBTOMaTHqe-
CTaTOp COCTOHT H3 CTaHHHbI, cep,ll;eqHHKa H 06MOTKH. IIpH MOHTaJKe re-
HepaTopa K TOpUOBbIM nnOCKOCTJlM CTaHHHbI KpeIIHTCJI OIIopHbIe uanljJbL
Cep,ll;eqHHK cTaTopa Ha6paH H3 H30nHpoBaHHbIx nHCTOB 3neKTpoTexHu-
qeCKOH CTaJIH TOnIl{HHOH 0,5 MM, 3aIIpeCCOBaH B cTaHuHY H KpeIIHTCJI B HeH C
IIOMOIl{bIO ,u;BYX HaJKHMHbIX lliaH6.
06MoTKa cTaTopa TpexljJa3Ha5l, ,lJ;BYXCJIOHHaH, C COKpaIl{eHHeM Illara,
rua6noHHaH H3 JKeCTKHX KaTyrueK.
POTOp BKJIlOqaeT BaJI, qeTbIpe IIonlOCHbIX Cep,ll;eqHHKa C KaTYlliKaMH 06-
MOTKH B036YJK,lI;eHHJI H CTepJKHHMH ,lI;eMIIljJepHoH 06MOTKH, BeHTHnHTop, Y3en
KOHTaKTHbIX Koneu, 6anaHCHpOBOqHOe YCTpOHCTBO, Y3eJI ponHKoIIO,ll;IIIHIIHHKa
H Y3en ruapHKoIIo,ll;IIIHnHHKa.
Cep,u;eqHHKH IIonIOCOB c06paHbI H3 CTanbHbIX IIITaMnOBaHHbIX JIHCTOB H
CTJlHYTbI 3aKneIIKaMH BMeCTe C HaJKHMHbIMH Il{eKaMH IIOJIIOCOB.
KaTyruKH 06MOTKH B036YJK,u;eHH5I coe.u;HHeHbI MeJK)J;y C060H nOCne,ll;OBa-
renbHO, a HX KOHUbI IIpHcoe.u;HHeHbI K ruIIHnbKaM KOHTaKTHbIX KoneQ. KOH-
TaKTHbIe Konbua HaCaJKeHbI Ha H30nHpoBaHH)'1O BrynKY. IJJ;eTOqHbIH annapaT
YKpeIIneH Ha HapYJKHOH KpbIlliKe lliapHKoIIO,ll;IIIHIIHHKa.
AeMIIljJepHaH 06MoTKa COCTOHT "3 Me,ll;HbIX CTepJKHeH, BCTaBneHHbIX B
OTBepCTHJI nonIOCHbIX 6aruMaKoB H BIIaHHHbIX TyroIInaBKHM IIpHnoeM B Me,ll;-
HbIe CerMeHTbI, KOTopbIe 06Pa3YlOT KOpOTK03aMKHYTbIe KonbQa ,lI;eMIIljJepHOH
06MOTKH.
BeHTUJIHTOP QeHTp06eJKHbIH KpeIIHTCJI Ha KOHHqeCKOH llieiiKe Bana. BeH-
THnHUH5I reHepaTopa aKCHanbHaH.
IIO,ll;ruHIIHHKoBbIe Il{HTbI (3a.u;HHH H IIepe,ll;HHH) COIIpH:JKeHbI co CTaHHHOH
IIoca,ll;OqHbIMH 3aMKaMH U KpeIIHTCJI K HeH 60JITaMH.
, Ycmpoiicm60 U pa60ma cmamuliecKoii CUCme.Mbl 6036Y:JICoeIlUR. CTa-
THqeCKaH CHCTeMa B036Yj[()J;eHHH: IIOCTpoeHa IIO npHHUHIIY ljJa30Boro KOMIIaYH-
,lI;HpOBaHHH H peaJIH3YeT 3neKTpOMarHHTHOe CJIOJKeHHe ,u;BYX COCTaBJIHlOIl{HX
TOKa B036YJK,!I.eHHH, IIpOIIOpUHOHaJIbHbIX HaIIpJlJKeHHIO H TOry reHepaTopa, KO-
TopbIe C,u;BHHYTbI OTHOCHTenbHO ,lI;pyr ,lI;pyra IIO,u; yrnoM, 3aBHCJlIl{HM OT xapaK-
Tepa HarpY3KU.
CHCTeMa B036YJK,!I.eHHH COCTOHT H3 cHnoBoro TpaHcljJopMaTopa (TC)
(pHC. 3.23), BbIIIpJlMHTenH CHJIOBOro (BC), BbIIIpHMHTenH IIHTaHHH: 06MOTKH
yrrpaBJIeHHH (BIIY), 6noKa KOH,lI;eHCaTopoB H 6noKa COIIpoTHBneHHH. 3neMeH-
TbI CHCTeMbI B036Yj[()J;eHHJI CMOHTHpoBaHbI Ha OCHOBaHHH, KOTopoe KpeIIHTCJI K
CTaHHHe reHepaTopa. CHJIOBOH TpaHcljJopMaTop IIpe,ll;Ha3Ha'ieH ,u;nH IIpe06pa30-
BaRMH: HaIIpJlJKeHHJI H TOKa reHepaTopa B HaIIpJlJKeHHe, He06xo,ll;HMOe ,u;nH IIH-
TaHHH 06MOTKH B036YJK,!I.eHHH qepe3 BbInpHMHTeJIb.
TpaHcljJopMaTop COCTOHT H3 cep.u;e'lHHKa, IIepBHqHOH 06MOTKH W}, 06-
MOTKH IIHTaHHH W n , BTOPHqHOH 06MOTKH W2, cepHecHoH 06MOTKH We, ,lI;06a-
BOqHOH 06MOTKH W K , 06MOTKH YIIpaBneHHH: W y H MarHHTHoro ruYHTa. Cep,ll;eq-
IIHK TpaHcljJopMaTopa COCTOHT H3 Tpex OT,lI;enbHbIX CTepJKHeH, ,lI;BYX paCIl{eII-
PHC. 3.22. reHepaTop CH XpOHHblii rcc 104-4
Oc06eHHocTH Y C Tp OHC
TBa 3THX reHepaTOpOB H CHCTeMbI HX YIIpaBJIe
H perynHpOB HHH pacCMOTpHM Ha IIpHMepe cr CepUH rCC-l 04 HHH
YCTpOUCTBO reHepaTOpa rCC-104-4 IIOKa3aHO Ha pHC. 3.22.
OCHOBHbIe 3neMeHTbI reHepaT
Il{HTa (3alIHHH co CTO 0 opa - CTaTOp, pOTOp, ,lI;Ba IIo,u;llIHnHHKOBbIX
IIpHBO,ll;Y) H CHCTeMa O:;; ::: ' IIepe,ll;HHH co CTOpOHbI, IIpOTHBOIIOnOJKHOH
118
rnaBa 3. CMHXpoHHble reHepaTopbl
CMHXpOHHble reHepaTopbl AJ1J1 B3Y
119
neHHbIX HpM H MarH11THOrO
IllYHTa. IIepBHqHaH 06MOT-
Ka H3 Tpex COe,ll;HHel;'HbIx B
3Be3,l1;Y KaTyrueK cnYJKHT
.u;nH C03,l1;aHHJI COCTaBJIHIO-
Il{eH TOKa B036YJK,lI;eHHJI
reHepaTopa, 06eCIIeqH-
BaIOIl{eH HOMHHanbHoe Ha-
IIpHJKeHHe Ha ero 3aJKHMax
IIPH xonOCTOM xo.u;e.
06MoTKa IIHTaHHJI
HaMOTaHa Ha KaTyruKax
IIepBHqHOH 06MOTKH H
3aH30nHpOBaHa BMeCTe C
HeIO. HarrpHJKeHHe C 06-
MOTKH IIHTaH11H qepe3 BbI-
IIpHMHTenb BTIY IIO,ll;aeTCJI
Ha 06MOTKY YIIpaBneHHJI.
06MoTKa yrrpaBneH11J1 co-
CTOHT H3 qeTbIpeX KaTY-
llieK, HaCaJKeHHbIX Ha IIO-
JIYJlpMa cep,ll;eqHHKa TpaH-
cljJopMaTopa. Ha3HaqeH11e
06MOTKH - IIO,ll;MarHHqHBa-
HHe JlpMa IIOCTOJlHHbIM TO-
KOM B uenHX H3MeHeHHH
TOKa B036Yj[()J;eHHH H TeM
caMbIM ynpaBneHHH Ha-
IIpHJKeHHeM reHepaTopa.
BTOpH'-lHaH 06MoTKa npe,ll;-
Ha3HaqeHa .n:JIH II11TaHHH qepe3 BbIIIpHMHTenb 06MOTKH B036Yj[()J;eHHH reHepaTo-
pa. KaTYlliKH BTOPHqHOH 06MOTKH BMeCTe C ,lI;06aBOqHOH 11 Cep11eCHOH 06MOT-
KaMH paCIIOnOJKeHbI Ha CTepJKID!X MeJK.u;y MarnHTHbIM lliYHTOM H JlpMOM. <:Da3bI
BTOPHqHOH 06MOTKH COe,ll;HHeHbI B 3Be3,l1;Y H IIO,ll;KJIIOqeHbI K 3aJKHMaM CHJIOBOrO
BbIIIpJlMHTenH. BbInpJlMHTenb c06paH IIO TpexljJa3HoH MOCTOBOH cxeMe.
CepHecHaH 06MoTKa BKJIIOqeHa IIOCJIe.n:OBaTeJIbHO B KaJK.n:yIO ljJa3Y 06-
MOTKH reHepaTopa H cnYJKHT .u;nH YBenHqeHHH TOKa B036Yj[()J;eH11H np11 YBenH-
qeHHH HarpY3KH reHepaTopa.
JJ:06aBOqHaJI 06MoTKa cnYJKHT ,lI;nH nHTaHHH KOH,lI;eHcaTopoB. OHa paCIIO-
nOJKeHa Mej[()J;Y MarHHTHbIM IllYHTOM H cepHeCHOH 06MOTKOH.
EnOK KOH.u;eHcaTopOB C4, C5, C6 coe.u;HHHeTCH C .u;06aBOqHOH 06MOTKOH
TpaHcljJopMaTopa. KOH,lI;eHcaTopbl H ,lI;06aBoqHaH 06MOTKa C03,l1;aIOT KOHryp,
fIpelIHa:maqeHHI,IH Li)U! C03.L\aHH» pe30HaHca HafIp»}f(eHHH C HH.L\Yi<THBHOCT:bIO
nepBHqHOrO KOHrypa TpaHcljJopMaTopa TC.
B reHepaTope IIpe.u;YCMOTpeHa 3aIl{HTa OT pa,ll;HOIIOMex IIYTeM BKJIIOqeHHH
Ha 3aJK11MbI Cl, C2, C3 ,0, HI, H2 3a1l{IfTHbIX KOH,lI;eHCaTOpoB Cpo
EJIOK ynpaBJIeHHH EY COCTOHT 113 COIIpOTHBneHHH YCTaBKH CY H nepe-
KnIOqaTenH TIB peJKHMa pa60TbI. EnOK ynpaBJIeHHH MOHTHpyeTCJI Ha paCIIpe,ll;e-
nHTenbHOM Il{HTe 3neKTpOCTaHUHH.
HarrpHJKeHHe B036YJK.n:eHHH IIOMepJKHBaeTCH. C TOqHOCTbIO :1:4 % (.u;nH
reHepaTOpa rcc 104-43) H :1:2,5% (.u;nH reHepaTopa rcc 104-4E).
H3MeHeHHe YCTaBKH HanpHJKeHHH reHepaTopa oCYIl{ecTBJIHeTCH H3MeHe-
HHeM BenHqHHbI perynHpyeMoro conpoTHBneHHH., BKnIOqeHHOrO IIOCJIe.u;OBa-
TenbHO B uenb 06MOTKIf yrrpaBJIeHHH.
llaparmeJlbHaR pa60ma zeHepamopa. TIp11 3KcIInyaTaUHH reHepaTopa
IIpe.u;ycMaTpHBaeTcH ero IIapanJIeJIbHaH pa60Ta C IIpOMbIlliJIeHHOH ceTbIO HJIH C
.u;pyrHM11 reHepaTOpaM11. YCTOHqHBaH napannenbHaH. pa60Ta reHepaTopa C ce-
TbIO B03MOJKHa JIHllib IIPH HanHq11H CTaTH3Ma IIO peaKTHBHoH MOIl{HOCTH.
CTaTH3M IIO peaKT11BHOH MOIl{HOCTH (SQ) BbIpaJKaeTCH B HaKJIOHe 3aBH-
CHMOCTH U=f(Q) K OC11 Q (pHC. 3.24), a KOJIHqeCTBeHHO onpe,ll;eJIHeTCH. B npo-
ueHTax OT HanpHJKeH11H XOJIOCTOrO xo.u;a Un:
Uo-U
SQ = n 100%.
U o
CHcTeMa caMoB036YJK,lI;eH11H. 06ecIIe-
qHBaeT yBeJI11qeHHe TOKa B036Yj[()J;eHHH Ie
reHepaTopa C pOCTOM ero HarpY3KH; TaK KaK
IIPH napanJIeJIbHOH pa60Te cr C CeTbIO U r =
U C , TO np11 OTCYTCTBHH CTaTH3Ma IIPH YBe-
nIf'jeHHH MOIl{HOCTH Q 6Y,ll;eT YBeJIHqHBaTb-
CH Ie, qTO IIpHBeL\eT K ,lI;anbHeHllieMY POCTY
peaKTHBHOH MOllIHOCTH H npouecc IIpo.u;on-
JKaJICH 6bI ,lI;O BbIxo.u;a reHepaTopa H3 CTpOH
Bcne.u;CTBHe He,ll;OnYCT11MOH IIeperpY3KH.
BeJIHqHHa CTaTH3Ma IIO peaKTHBHOH
MOIl{HOCTH ,lI;OJIJKHa COCTaBJIHTb 3...4%. JJ:nH
IIOJIyqeHIIH CTaTH3Ma no peaKTHBHoH MOIl{HOCTH IIepeKJIIOqaTenb peJKHMa pa60-
TbI B 6noKe YIIpaBneHHH YCTaHaBnHBaeTCJI B IIOnOJKeHHe TIAP AflflEflbHMI
PAEOTA, IIPH 3TOM Ha 06MOTKY YIIpaBneHHJI TpaHcljJopMaTOpa TC 6Y,ll;eT IIO-
.u;aBaTbCH HeH3MeHHoe HaIIpHJKeHHe OT BbIIIpJlMHTenH IIHTaHHH. BTIY H HaIIpH-
JKeHHe reHepaTopa C pOCTOM peaKTHBHoH HarpY3KH 6Y,ll;eT HeCKonbKO YMeHb-
ruaTbCH.
CTaTH3M MOJKHO perynHpoBaTb H3MeHeHHeM BenHqHHbI B03,l1;YlliHoro 3a-
30pa MeJK.n:y MarnHTHbIM ruYHTOM H CTepJKHHMH TpaHcljJopMaTopa.
----,
TC I
-t
! 0 C p 2
:,r.. C p 3
1---- -,
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PUC. 3.23. 3neKTpU'IeCK8H cxeM8 cr rcc 104-4
(3.54)
U
Uo
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Q
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QH
PRC. 3.24. K nOHcueu",o CT8TR:JM8
no pe8KTRBHOH MOll\UOCTH
II
120
rnaBa 3. CMHXpoHHble reHepaTopbl
CMHXpOHHble reHepaTopbl AIlSl B3Y
121
qeM 60nbllie 3a30p, TeM 60nbIlle CTaTH3M. qT06bI HarpY3HTb aKTHBHoH
MOlliHOCTbIO reHepaTop, pa6OTaIOIl{11H IIapaJIJIenbHO C ceTbIO, Ha,ll;O YBenHqHTb
MO HOCTb ero npHBO,ll;HOro ,lI;BHrareJIH; '-IT06bI HarpY3HTb reHepaTop peaKTHB-
HOH MOIl{HOCTbIO, He06xo,ll;HMO YBeJIH'-IHTb TOK B036YJK,lI;eHHJI. H3MeHeHHe Be-
JIHqHHbI TOKa B036YJK.u;eHHH reHepaTopa, pa60TaIOIl{erO IIapanneJIbHO C CeTbIO,
.u;OCTHraeTCH H3MeHeHHeM BenHqHHbI COIIpoTHBneHHJI YCTaBKH HaIIpHJKeHHH CY.
IIpH IIapaJIJIenbHOH pa60Te HeCKonbKHX reHepaTopoB rcc 104-4E paBHoe pac-
npe,ll;eneHHe peaKTHBHbIX MOIl{HOCTeH Mej[()J;Y HHMH MOJKeT 6bITb ,lI;OCTHrHYTo
.u;BYMJI cnoc06aMH:
1) 06eCIIeqeHHeM o.u;HHaKOBoro CTaTU3Ma IIO peaKTHBHoH MOIl{HOCTH'
2) CBJl3bIO HX 06MOTOK B036Yj[()J;eHHH ypaBHHTeJIbHbIMH COe,ll;HHeHHJI m.
IIpH napaJIJIenbHOH pa60Te co CTaTH3MOM no peaKTHBHoH MOIl{HOCTH
YMeHbllieHHe HanpJlJKeHHH: Ha 3aJKHMaX napanneJIbHO pa60TaIOIl{Hx reHepaTo-
pOB npH YBenHqeHHH peaKTHBHoH HarpY3KH OT 0 ,lI;O 100% HOMHHanbHOH ,lI;OC-
THraeT 4 % HaqahbHoro 3HaqeHHH.
TIpH napaJIJIenbHOH pa60Te C ypaBHHTeJIbHbIMH COe,ll;HHeHHJlMH 6e3 CTa-
TH3Ma IIO peaKTHBHoH MOIl{HOCTH TOqHOCTb no.u;.n;epJKaHHJI HanpHJKeHHH Ha 3a-
JKHMaX IIapaJIJIenbHO pa60TaIOIl{Hx reHepaTopOB TaKaH JKe, KaK H IIPH HX aBTO-
HOMHOH pa6oTe.
TOK 06eCIIeqHBaIOT HX ,lI;OJIrOBeqHOCTb H Ha,ll;eJKHOCTb. CTOHMocTHbIe JKe IIOKa-
3aTenH B YCJIOBHHX cOBpeMeHHoro pbIHKa, oc06eHHo .u;nH BeTp0ycTaHoBoK He-
60nbIlloH MOIl{HOCTH, 6y.u;YT HMeTb oIIpe.u;enHIOIl{ee 3HaqeHHe.
HHJKe npHBe,ll;eHbI .u;aHHbIe IIO cepHH cr ManoH MOIl{HOCTH (1,5 - 30 KBT)
[97], CIIpOeKTHpOBaHHbIX IIO THny JlBHOIIOnIOCHbIX cr Tpa,ll;HUHOHHOH KOHCT-
PYKUHH H IIpe.u;Ha3HaqeHHbIX .u;nJl aBTOHOMHbIX H 6bITOBbIX BeTp03neKTpHqe-
CKHX YCTaHoBoK. rJIaBHbIMH KpHTepHH:MH IIPH BbI60pe TaKoro THIIa reHepaTopa
JlBnHIOTCH: IIpocToTa, Ha,ll;eJKHOCTb, ManaH CTOHMOCTb, ,lI;OCTYIIHOCTb KOHCTpYK-
UHOHHbIX MaTepHanoB, OrpaHHqeHHe Beca, ManbIe ra6apHTbI.
KOHCTpYKTHBHaH cxeMa B3r IIo,ll;06Ha cxeMe, IIoKa3aHHoH Ha pHC. 3.1,
OCHOBHbIe ux IIOKa3aTenH IIpHBe,ll;eHbI B Ta6n. 3.1. reHepaTop THIIa B3r-5-750
IIOKa3aH Ha 1jJ0TO pHC. 3.25.
Ta6nHua 3.1
OCHOBHbIe :lHepreTH'IeCKHe nOK838TeJIH BeTporeHep8TopoB
3.6.2. CUHxpoHHbIe reHepaTopbI Tuna B3r MaJIOn MOLQHOCTU
elIUHU'IHOro npOU3BO,ll;CTBa
(f - 50 r.., cos (J) = 0,8)
IIapa- THII reHenaTona
MeTpbI B3r- B3r- B3r- B3r- B3r- B3r- B3r-
2,5-750 5,0-750 7,5-750 10-750 16-750 20-750 10-125
P2, KBT 2,5 5,0 7,5 10 16 23 10
n, 750 750 750 750 750 750 125
06/MHH
f/>,B 127 220 220 230 230 230 230
If/>, A 7,0 10,1 14,1 16 28,9 41,1 18,1
1'/,% 77,0 74,3 76,0 85,4 88,0 89,0 71,8
EL1p, BT 620 1750 2400 1700 2200 2800 3920
BH.°C 45 81 90 77,0 80 82 51
ELlp, BT 620 1750 2400 1700 2200 2800 3923
Cep,ll;eqHHK cTaTopa Ha6HpaeTCJI, KaK 06bIqHO, H3 nHCTOB
3neKTpOTeXHHqeCKOH CTanH, 06MOTKa cTaTopa TpexljJa3HaH O,ll;HOCnOHHaH HJIH
,u;ByxcnoHHaH IIPH q = 1.. .3, KOPIIYC H IIO,ll;lliHIIHHKOBbIe Il{HTbI cBapHbIe,
pOTOp nHTOH HJIH CBapHOH - Bce BbIIIonHHeTCH: H3 KOHCTpYKIJ;HOHHOH CTanH
CT.3 TKa B036YJK.n;eHHH COCTOHT H3 MHorocnOHHbIx IIoCne,ll;OBaTenbHo
coe,ll;HHeHHbIx KaTyrueK. BeHTHnHTOp 06eCIIeqHBaeT ,lI;BHJKeHHe oXnaJK,lI;aIOIl{erO
B03.u;yxa OT 3aLIHero nO)l;llIHIIHHKOBoro Il{HTa K KOHTaKTHbIM KonbuaM H Il{eT-
KaM. KoiJ06Ka BbIBO.u;OB CJIYJKHT .u;JIH IIpHCoe,ll;HHeHHH: HarpY3KH H 6JIOKOB
YIIpaBJIeHHH.
I
I I
I
JJ:JIH npHMeHeHHJI B BeTpoycTaHOBKax MaJIOH MOIl{HOCTH, IIpeL\Ha3HaqeH-
HbIX .u;nJl aBToHoMHoro 3neKTpOCHa6JKeHHH:, HapJl,ll;Y C reHepaTopaMH CIIel{HaJIb-
Horo HCIIOnHeHHJI - C nOCTOJlHHbIMH MarHHTaMH, Korre06pa3HbIMH IIOJIIOCaMH,
6eCIl{eTOqHbIMH H ,lI;pyrHMH - Cepbe3HOrO BHUMaHHH 3aCJIYJKHBaIOT H cr Tpa,ll;H-
L\HoHHoro HCIIOJIHeHHJI.
TIpHMeHeH e cIIeUHanbHbIx MaruHH CBH3aHO B IIepBYIO Oqepe.u;b co cTpeM-
neHHeM, C O,ll;HOH CTOpOHbI, yMeHblliHTb CKOpOCTb HX BpaIl{eH11H, C ,lI;PyroH _
IIOBbICHTb Ha,ll;eJKHOCTb 3a CqeT OTKa3a OT cKOnb3HIl{HX KOHTaKTOB npH IIHTaHHH
06MOTKH B036YJK,lI;eHHH. B TO JKe BpeMJI Ha cerO,ll;HH pa3pa60TaHbI ,lI;OCTaToqHO
IIpOCTbIe H «JIerKHe» pe,ll;YKTopbI-BapHaTopbI 11 BIIOJIHe onpaB.u;aHO HX
IIpHMeHeHHe (npH pa3YMHbIX K031jJljJHUHeHTax pe,ll;YKUHH) B BeTpOycTaHoBKax
npH HCIIonb30BaHHH 06bIqHbIX JlBHOIIOnIOCHbIX CHHXPOHHbIX reHepaTopOB Ha
Cpe,ll;HHe (500 - 750 06/MHH) CKOpOCTH BpaIl{eHHH, HMeIOIl{HX IIpHeMJIeMbIe
3He reTHqeCKHe IIOKa3aTeJIH, YMepeHHbIe Beca H ra6ap11TbI IIPH BeCbMa IIpO-
CTOH KOHCTpYKl{HH H TeXHOnOrHqHOCTH. qTO JKe KaCaeTCJI Hey.u;06cTB 06cnYJK11-
Ba HH: H HeHa,ll;eJKHOCTH CKOnb3J1Il{HX KOHTaKTOB, TO 3ry IIp06neMY HeT OCHOBa-
HHH npeYBeJIHqHBaTb: COBpeMeHHbIe MaTepHaJIbI .u;nH KOHTaKTHbIX KOJIeu H Il{e-
I I
II
122
rnaBa 3. CMHXpoHHble reHepaTopbl
CMHXpOHHble reHepaTopbl ,Q11J1' B3Y
123
III
PerymlpoBaHIIe Hanp}I)KeHlUi B3r o6eCne<IIIBaeTC}I :meKTpoHHOH CIICTe-
MOH peryJIHpOBaHHJI TOKa B036YJK,u;eHHH, pa60TaIOIl{eH IIO OTKJIOHeHHIO. YCTa-
HOBHBIIIeeCH OTKnOHeHHe HaIIpJlJKeHHJI IIpH H3MeHeHHH HarpY3KH OT HYJIH ,u;o
HOMHHanbHoH - ::I:: 5% (IIpl1 cosrp = 0,8...1,0), IIepeXO,ll;HbIe OTKJIOfIeHHH _
20.. .40% B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT BeJIHqHHbI HarpY3KH IIPH BpeMeH11 BOCCTaHOBne-
HHH 1-2 C.
1
CT.3, a COe,ll;HHeHHH MeJK Y HUMH - C nOMOIl{bIO 60JITOB HnH cBapKOH Ha IIepH-
ljJepHH COIIpJlraeMbIx IIoBepxHocTeH.
TIpH 3TOM 1jJ0pMa IIonIOCHoro HaKOHeqHHKa B 60nbIIIHHcTBe reHepaTopoB
npHHHTa KpyroBOH C 06eCIIeqeHHeM paBHoMepHoro B03,l1;YIIIHoro 3a30pa Mej[()J;y
pOTOpOM H CTaTOpOM. Ha 1jJ0TO (PHC. 3.26) IIOKa3aHa KOHCTpYKIIUJI 8-
nonIOCHoro pOTopa cr MOIl{HOCTbIO 10 KBT.
OTnHqHe TaKoH KOHCTpYKUHH
pOTopa o'r «Tpa)I;HUHOHHOH» 3aKJIIOqa-
eTCH IIpej[()J;e Bcero B HCIIOnb30BaHHH
MaCC11BHbIX 3JIeMeHTOB. 06bIqHO, 000-
6eHHO B MaIIIHHax ManOH MOIl{HOCTH,," 40 ,
IIpHMeHHIOTCH ruHxToBaHHbIe cep,ll;eq- ",'
HHKH. THIIH'-IHbIH pOTOp TaKOH KOHCT-
PYKUH11 OIIHcaH, HaIIpHMep, B pa60Te "I!'
[72]. B TaKOM pOTope Cep,ll;eqHHK CO-
6HpaIOT 113 IIITaMIIOBaHHbIX ueJIbHbIX
nHCTOB 3JIeKTpOTeXHHqeCKOH CTanH,
HMeIOIl{HX iPOPMY 3Be3,l1;bI, C qHCnOM
BbICTyrrOB, paBHblM qHCJIY nonIOCOB.
TIo ,u;nHHe Cep,ll;eqHHK COCTOHT H3 qepe-
.u;YIOIl{HXCJI IIaKeTOB, Ha6paHHbIX H3
nHCTOB C KOpOTKHMH H ,u;nHHHbIMH BbICTyrraMH. Ha KopOTKHe IIaKeTbI IIPH
c60pKe IIocne pa3MeIl{eHHH Ha cep,u;eqHHKe KaTYlliKH B036YJK,lI;eHH}! YCTaHaBJIH-
BaIOT cerMeHTbI nonIOCHbIX HaKOHeqHHKOB U CKpenJIHIOT HX C cep,u;eqHHKOM IIO-
Cpe,ll;CTBOM IIpO,ll;OJIbHbIX ruIIHneK, KOTopbIe IIPOXO,u;HT qepe3 OTBepCTH}! B 3THX
HaKOHeqHHKaX H B ,u;JIHHHbIX BbIcTynax.
He,ll;OCTaTKOM TaKOH KOHCTPYKUHI1 JlBJIHeTCJI IIOBbIIIIeHHbIH paCXO,ll; 3neK-
TpoTeXHHqeCKOH CTaJIH, Tpy,ll;OeMKOCTb H3rOTOBneHHH. KpOMe Toro, MeJK,u;y
CerMeHTaMH IIonIOCHbIX HaKOHeqHUKOB IIO KpaHM IIonIOCOB OCTaIOTCJI B03,l1;Yru-
HbIe npOMeJKYTKH, '-!TO YXY)I;llIaeT paCIIpe,u;eneHHe MarHHTHoro non . JJ:JIH ycno-
BHH HeCIIeUHanH3HpOBaHHoro IIpOH3BO,ll;CTBa Tpy,u;HO BbIIIonHHMOH IIpe.u;CTaB-
JIHeTCJI IIITaMIIOBKa no.u;06HbIX 3neMeHTOB Cep,ll;eqHHKOB.
B CIIeUHanbHOH nHTepaType IIpHBe,ll;eHO MHOro H ,lI;pyrHx KOHCTpYKUHH
SlBHOIIonIOCHbIX pOTOpOB, B IIpHHUHne MaJIO OTnHqaIOIIIHXCJI OT OIIHcaHHOH
BbIrue. HaIIpHMep, B pa60Te [15] OIIHcaH pOTOp, IIonIOC KOToporo Ha6paH H3
nJIaCTHH, paCIIOJIOJKeHHbIX IIapaJIJIenbHO OCH BpallIeHH}!, IIpHqeM Cep,ll;eqHHK
nonIOca pa3,l1;eJIeH Ha ,u;Be rpYIInbI, a IInaCTHHbI 3THX rpynII ,lI;nH COe,ll;HHeHHH C
SlpMOM OTomYTbI OT OCH IIonIOCa B OCHOBaHHH B pa3HbIe CTOpOHbI no,u; ryIIbIM
yrnOM.
He,u;OCTaTKOM TaKOH KOHCTPYKUHH JlBnJleTCJI TaKJKe HanHqHe pa3'beMHoro
ooe,ll;HHeHHH, qTO YBeJII1''II1BaeT MarHHTHoe COIIpOTHBJIeHHe MarH11TOIIpOBO,ll;a,
CHHJKaeT Ha,ll;eJKHOCTb pOTopa IIPH B03HHKHOBeHHH MOIl{HbIX 3neKTpO,ll;HHaMH-
..;
r
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- '
,
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r,
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t.
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., . """
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. ">'"
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I
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.
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li
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"
PRC. 3.26. MaccRBHblH pOTOp C 06-
MOTKOH B036y eHRH cr B3r
',.
...
PRC. 3.25. cDoTOrpa4JHH cr TRna B3r Ha RCnbITaTeJIbHOM CTeH)l;e
CTa6HnbHOCTb qaCTOTbI 06eCIIeqHBaeTCH nO,ll;.L\epJKaHHeM CKOpOCTH Bpa-
Il{eHH}! BeTpoTyp6HHbI B 3a,ll;aHHbIX IIpe,ll;enax.
OT,u;eJIbHbIe reHepaTopbI 3TOro THIIa (Ha 2,5; 5; 7,5 H 10 KBT,
750 06/MHH) IIpOlliJIH YCIIeIIIHbIe CTeH,u;OBbIe HCIIbITaHHH B ,u;eHcTByIOIl{HX B3Y
H IIOKa3aJIH BbICOKYIO 3KCIIJIyaTaIIHoHHyIO Ha.u;eJKHOCTb, cIIoc06HOCTb K 3Haq11-
TenbHbIM IIeperpY3KaM IIPH BHe3aIIHOM YCHJIeHH11 BeTpa.
I
II
3.6.3. B03MomHoCTH ynpoIIIeHHH KOHCTPYKD:HU pOTopa
MHOrOnOJIIOCHOro CHHxpOHHOro reHepaTopa
B H3rOTOBneHHbIX K HaCTOJlIl{eMY BpeMeHH BeTporeHepaTopax MaJIOH
MOIl{HOCTH (,lI;O 10 KBT) IIPH cpaBHHTenbHO He60nbruoM qHCne IIonIOCOB
(2p = 8) peaJIH30BaHa KOHCTPYKUHH JlBHOIIOnIOCHoro pOTopa, B KOTOpOH Bce
OCHOBHbIe 3neMeHTbI MarHHTHoH ueIIH pOTopa - JlpMa, cep,u;eqHHKH IIOJIIOCOB H
nOJIIOCHbIe HaKOHeqHHKH - BbIIIonHeHbI MaCCHBHbIMH (cIInoIIIHbIMH) H3 CTaJIH
124
rnaBa 3. CMHXpoHHble reHepaTopbl
CMHXpOHHble reHepaTopbl ,QIlJl B3Y
125
HHM Cep,ll;eqHHKa H CTHHYTbI BMeCTe C HHMH IIIIIHllbKaMH 5; 3 - KaTYIIIKH B036y-
JK,lI;eHHH, paCIIOJIOJKeHHbIe Ha cep,u;eqHHKaX nOJIIOCOB; 4 - C60pHbIe Il{HTbI pOTO-
pa; 6, 7 - ueHTpHpYIOIl{He pe6pa ,lI;JIH IjJHKCaI.lHH nO,ll;KOB006pa3HbIX 3JIeMeHTOB
H OIIOp ,u;JIJI HX 3aKpeIIneHHJI C nOMOIl{bIO ruIIHneK 9 (lliIIHllbKH 9 YCTaHaBJIHBa-
IOTCJI IIPH lliHXTOBaHHOM cep,ll;e'-IHHKe IIonIOca); 10, 12 - pacIIopKH ,u;JIJI IjJHKca-
WIH KaTYIIIeK B036YJK,u;eHHH H HmKHMHbIe 6aruMaKH; 8, 11 - raHKH.
AOCTOHHCTBOM npHBe,ll;eHHOH KOHCTpYKIJ;UH MarHHTHoH CHCTeMbI pOTOpa
HBJIHIOTCH ee IIpe,u;eJIbHaH npocToTa, OTcYTCTBHe pa3'beMHbIX COe,ll;HHeHHH MeJK-
,lI;Y Cep,ll;eqHHKOM H H:pMOM no OCHOBHOH nHHHH 3aMbIKaHHH: MarHHTHoro nOJIH,
YIIpOIl{eHHe C60PKH H 3aMeHbI IIPH He06xo,ll;HMOCTH KaTYllieK B036YJK,lI;eHHH.
Ha pHC. 3.28 IIpHMeHHTeJIbHO K
BapHaHry B3r-1O Ha 125 06/MHH
IIpHBe,u;eH 06Il{HH 3CKH3 pOTopa. qHC-
no IIonIOCOB 3Toro pOTopa COCTaBnHeT
2p = 48, ero HapYJKHbIH ,lI;HaMeTp Dp =
736 MM, BbICOTa nOJIIOCHOrO HaKOHeq-
HHKa hp = 14 MM, BbICOTa cep,u;eqHHKa
IIonIOca h m = 50, aKTHBHaH ,u;JIHHa po-
TOpa Lj = 120 MM.
0603HaqeHHe 3neMeHTOB 1,2,3,
4, 6, H 7 Ha 3TOM pHcyHKe COBIIa,ll;aeT C
0603HaqeHHJlMH Ha pHC. 3.27. JJ:anee
0603HaqeHo:
13 - CTJlJKHOH 60JIT, 06eCneqH-
BaIOIl{HH ,lI;OIIOJIHHTeJIbHOe cKpeIIneHHe
C60PHbIX Il{UTOB 4 B HX BepxHeH '!aC-
TH; 14 - MOHTmKHbIe oTBepCTHH: B
C60PHbIX Il{HTax; 15 - oIIopHoe KOJIb-
Uo; 16 - UHnHH,u;pHqeCKaH IIpocTaBKa;
17 - lliIIOHKa; 18 - HaJKHMHOe IjJHKCH-
PYIOIl{ee KOJ1bUO; 19 - BaJI pO'ropa.
KaK BH,lI;HO H3 pHC. 3.27 H 3.28,
C60pHbIe Il{HTbI 4 pOTopa, 06pa3YIOIl{He BMeCTe C IIpocTaBKoH< 16, onopaMH 7,
pacnopKaMH 6 H CTJlJKHbIMH 60JITaMH 13 HecYIl{UH 060,u;, BbIIIOJIHeHbI, H3 JIHCTO-
BOH KOHCTPYKUHOHHOH CTaJIH, a OTBepcTHH 14 B HHX 110MHMO MOHTaJKHOH
IjJYHKI.IHIf II03BOJIHIOT ,lI;OIIOnlUITeJIbHO 06JIcr'-InTb BCIO I(OHCTpYKIJ;HIO. ITpu "3-
roTOBJIeHHH TaKoro pOTopa I.IeJICC006pa3HO ppoH3BeCTH cHa"iaJIa C60PKY BC I'O
060,ll;a, nplf 3TOM C60pHbIe Il{HTbJ 4, OIIOpbI 1,.pacIIopKH 6 IIppcTaBKa 16 CBa-
pHBaIOTCH MeJK,lI;Y c060iI TO>1:eqHOH cBapKoH Ii B ,lI;anbfIeHnreM 06Pa3yJOT e,riH-
HYIO HepamopHYIO KOHCTPYKnHIO, KOTOpaH nocne ,lI;OnOJIHHreJibHoH 'FC1KapfIOH
o6pa6OTKH HaCaJKllBaeTCJI Ha BaJI, OT IIpoBopaqHBaHHJI IIpe,u;oxpaHJIeTC1I llinOH-
KOH 17 H IjJHKcHPyeTCJI HaJKHMHbIM KonbUOM 18. TIpH ,lI;aJIbHeHllieH c60pKe Mar-
qeCKHX MOMeHTOB B IIepeXO,ll;HbIX IIpoueccax, IIOBbIlliaeT TpY,lI;OeMKOCTb H3ro-
TOBJIeHHH.
3a,ll;aqa ,lI;aHHOH pa3pa60TKH 3aKnIOqaeTCH B IIpe,ll;enbHOM YIIpoIl{eHHH
KOHCTPYKIJ;HH, 3KOHOMHH MaTepHanoB, a TaKJKe B IIOBbIllieHHH Ha.u;eJKHOCTH po-
Topa, a cne,u;OBaTenbHO, H reHepaTopa B ueJIOM, qTO oc06eHHo aKTYanbHO ,u;JIH
BeTpoycTaHoBKH, pa60TaIOIl{eH B cIIeUHIjJHqeCKHX ycnoBHHx 3KcIInyaTaWIH npH
HanpJlJKeHHbIX MeXaHHqeCKHX H 3neKTp0,ll;HHaMHqeCK11X HarpY3Kax.
YIIp0Il{eHHJI npej[()J;e Bcero KaCaIOTCJI MarHHTHoH CHCTeMbI, KOTopaH MO-
JKeT 6bITb HCIIonHeHa B BH,lI;e, IIpe,ll;cTaBJIeHHOM Ha pHC. 3.27.
B TaKOM pOTope BeCb MarHHTOIIpOBO,ll; Ha6HpaeTCJI H3 OT,lI;enbHbIX
(cIInoIIIHbIx HJIH lliHxToBaHHbIx) 3neMeHTOB IIO,ll;KOB006pa3HOH 1jJ0pMbI, 06'be-
,lI;HHHIOIl{HX IjJYHKUHH cep,u;eqHHKa IIOJIIOCa H HpMa, qHCnO 3THX 3neMeHTOB paB-
HO qHcny IIonIOCOB, cep,u;eqHHK Kaj[()J;oro IIonIOca 06pa3yeTcJI cOIIpHKaCaIOIl{H-
MHCH Mej[()J;Y C060H HaPYJKHbIMH 60KOBbIMH rpaHHMH coce,u;HHMH 3neMeHTaMH,
a ero IIonIOcHbIH HaKOHeqHHK - ,lI;OIIOnHHTenbHO YCTaHaBnHBaeMbIMH C ,lI;BYX
CTOpOH IIO IIepHljJepHH cep,ll;eqr'iHKa IIOJIIOCHbIMH 6alliMaKaMH, KOTopbIe IIpH,u;a-
lOT B03,l1;yruHOMY 3a30py IIO,ll; IIonIOCOM 3a,ll;aHHYIO 1jJ0PMY. [(eHTpHpOBaHHe IIO-
nIOCHOH CHCTeMbI OTHOCHTenbHO BaJIa H ee ,lI;OIIOnHHTeJIbHbIe CKpeIIJIeHHJI OCY-
Il{eCTBnHIOTCH C HCIIonb30BaHHeM C60PHbIX Il{HTOB, 06pa3YIOIl{HX BMeCTe C ,u;PY-
rHMH 3neMeHTaMH 060,ll; pOTopa.
10
A-A
II
III
I
PHC. 3.27. POTOp CHHXpOHHOii M8IUHHbI .QJIH 6e30Txo.QHOii TeXHOJIOI'HH
Ha pHC. 3.27 0603HaqeHbI:
] - IIO,ll;KOB006pa3HbIe 3JIeMeHTbI, 06pa3YIOIl{He Cep,ll;eqHHKH IIonIOCOB,
rHYTbIe H3 IIonocoBoH CTanH CT.3 linH Ha6paHHbIe 113 OT,u;eJIbHbIX nHCTOB 3JIeK-
TpOTeXHHqeCKOH CTanH; 2 - IIonIOCHbIe 6aruMaKH, BbIIIonHeHHbIe MaCCHBHbIMH
CnJIOIIIHbIMH H3 CTaJIH CT.3, KOTopbIe npHJIeraIOT K BHYTpeHHHM 60KOBbIM rpa-
1
3
2
CMHXpOHHble reHepaTOpbl AJ1J1 B3Y
127
rnaBa 3. CMHXpOHHble reHepaTopbl
126
L; = 120 MM;
Un = 20;
HHTHOH CHCTeMbI 060,ll; CJIYJKHT B KaqeCTBe OIIpaBKH. IIpH BepTHKaJIbHOM pac-
nOnOJKeHHH Bana B3r oceBoe YCHJIHe OT BceH C60PKH pOTopa BOCIIpHHHMaeTCSI
MOIl{HbIM OIIOpHbIM KOJIbUOM 15.
KOHTaKTHbIe Konbua pOTopa (Ha pHCYHKax He IIOKa3aHbI) peKOMeH.u;yeTcH
pa3MeCTHTb CHapYJKH reHepaTopa co CTOpOHbI, IIpOTHBOIIOnOJKHOH BeTpoKonecy
H BeHTHJI5ITOpy.
aKTHBHaH .u;nHHa cep.u;e'lHHKa
'IHCJIO IIpOBO.u;HHKOB B na3y CTaTopa
'IHCJIO IIOCne,ll;OBaTeJIbHO coe.u;HHeHHbIX
BHTKOB ljJa3bI CTaTopa
napaMeTpbI 06MOTOqHOrO IIpOBo.u;a
W] = 240;
q] = 2,011 MM 2 ;
dld"3 = 1 ,6/1 ,68 MM;
K03IjJiPHI HeHT 3aIIonHeHHH IIa3a
( C yqeTOM YKJIa.u;KH ,lI;oIIOJIHHTenbHoH
06MOTKH Ha B036YJK;IJ;eHHe)
06MoTKa cTaTopa O,ll;HocnOHHaH
B03.u;yIIIHbIH 3a30p paBHoMepHbIH
reOMeTpH5I pOTopa:
. nOJIIOCHbIH HaKOHe'lHHK
. cep.u;e'lHHK IIOJIIOCa
. IIapaMeTpbI cxeMbI 3aMeIl{eHHJI
3.6.4. AaHHble paCqeTa u ucnbITaHUH CUHXPOHHOro reHepaTopa
B3r-5-750
K3 = 0,65;
q] = 3;
6= 1,0 MM;
BeCb pacqcr JlBHOIIOJIIOCHbIX cr .u;nJl B3Y ManoH MOIl{HOCTH IIocTpoeH B
OCHOBHOM Ha MeTo.u;HKe pa60TbI [73]. Oc06eHHocTbIO paCqeTa HBJIHeTCJI; BO-
IIepBbIX, TO, qTO B HaCTOHIl{ee BpeMH ,lI;JIH Cep,ll;e'lHHKa CTaTopa BbI6HpaeTCH, KaK
IIpaBMJIO, nITaMIIOBaHHbIH nHCT 3neKTpOTeXHHqeCKOH CTaJIH OT cepHHHbIX
aCHHxpOHHbIX MalliHH, BbIIIYCKaeMbIX Ha 3neKTpoMaruHHocTpOHTenbHbIX 3aBO-
.u;ax. BO-BTOpbIX, )!;JI5I 60nblliHHCTBa 3THX reHepaTopOB IIpHHHTbI OrpaHHqeHHJI
nHHeHHOH HarpY3KH B IIpe,ll;enax Al = (2 - 2,5) 10 4 AIM H MarHHTHOH HH)J;yKUHH
B 3a30pe B6 = 0,4 - 0,55 Tn, qTO 06ycnoBneHo oc06eHHocTHMH pa60TbJ B B3Y,
CTpeMJIeHHeM orpaHHqHTb 3neKTpHqeCKHe H 3neKTpO,ll;HHaMHqeCKHe Harpy3KH
Ha reHepaTop IIPH IIynbcHpYIOIl{eM MOMeHTe BpaIl{eHH5I BeTpoKoneca. If3 3THX
JKe co06paJKeHHH HOMHHaJIbHyIO MOIl{HOCTb reHepaTopa peKoMeH,lI;yeTCH nOHH-
3HTh Ha 25 - 30% IIO cpaBHeHHIO C MOIl{HOCTbIO cr, pa60TaIOIl{erO B 06bIqHbIX
CTal{HOHapHbIx ycnoBH5Ix (HaIIpHMep, B .u;H3enb-reHepaTopHbIX YCTaHoBKax) B
peJKHMe S 1.
B ,lI;aHHOM cnyq:ae paCqeT cr Ha 5 KBT IIpoBe.u;eH C 3anaCOM - Ha HOMH-
HanbHYIO MOIl{HOCTb 7 KBT.
Ha OCHOBaHHH IIpe,ll;BapHTenbHblx paCqeTOB If OIIbITa 3KcIInyaTaWIH IIO-
.u;06HbIX reHepaTopoB BbI6paHa reOMeTpHJI cTaTopHoro IIaKeTa C pa3MepaMH:
.u;HaMeTp Cep,ll;eqHHKa DalD; = 329/243 MM;
qHCnO IIa30B cTaTopa Z] = 72;
, pa3MepbI na3a cTaTopa
(IIa30TKpbITbIH):
6 p = 66 MM; hp = 12 MM;
6m = 26 MM; h m = 60 MM;
r] = 1,21 OM; (r*] = 0,065);
x] = 1,85 OM; (X*I = 0,098);
x*ad=0,91;x*d= 1,01;
x*aq= 0,605; x*q = 0,613.
III::
II
PaCqeT MarHHTHOH ueIIH IIpHBe,ll;eH B Ta6n. 3.2.
OTHOCHTeJIbHbIe 3HaqeHHH M)J;C H MarHHTHbIX IIOTOKOB HCIIonb30BaHbI
.u;JIH IIocTpoeHHH 3aBHCHMOCTeH
([J* = E* = f(F*(jzJ, ([J*(j = f(F*OzJ, ([J*m = f(F*mj) U E*(j = f(F(jzalFtJ,
He06xo)I;HMbIX .u;JIH OIIpe,ll;eneHHH E61I.
MJJ:C 06MOTKH B036Yj[()J;eHH5I IIPH HarpY3Ke (c 3anaCOM Ha B036Yj[()J;eHHe,
paBHbIM 10%) COCTaBJI5IeT F.u= 1280A.
TIapaMeTpbI 06MOTKH B036YJK,lI;eHllH:
qHCnO BHTKOB Ha IIOJIIOCe
TOK B036YJK;IJ;eHH5I npH xonOCTOM xo.u;e
TOK B036YJK.u;eHHH npH HarpY3Ke
CeqeHHe IIpOBO,ll;HHKOB OB
COIIpOTHBJIeHHe OB
HanpHJKeHHe Ha 06MoTKe B036YJK,lI;eHHH
PaCqeTHbIH IIeperpeB B HOMHHaJIbHOM peJKHMe:
- 06MOTKH cTaTopa
- 06MOTKH B036Yj[()J;eHHH
IIeperpY30qHaH cIIoc06HOCTb
W. = 192;
1'0 = 3,7A;
1," = 6,7A;
q. = 2,27 MM 2 ;
r. = 4,5 OM;
V. = 30B.
h n ] = 23 MM;
6n] = 5/7 MM;
OTKpbITHe 0] = 5 MM;
lliHpHHa 3y6ua 6ZI = 5 MM.
Pe3ynbTaTbI pacqeTa (.u;JIH llnnIOCTpaIJ;HH IIpHBO.u;HTC5I TonbKO OT.u;enbHbIe
IIapaMeTpbI paCqeTa):
IIonHaH paCqeTHaH MOIl{HOCTb
TOK CTaTopa B HOMHHanbHOM peJKHMe
(IIpH MOIl{HOCTH PH = 7KBT H COS<P = 0,9) 1 1u = 11,8A;
MarHHTHaH HH,lI;YKUH5I B 3a30pe B6 = 0,45 Tn;
nHHeHHaH HarpY3Ka cTaTopa Al = 2,2 '10 4 AIM,
gCT = 78°C;
gAB = 59 °C.
P'/Pmax= 1,75.
Sn = 8,4 KBA;
i i
I!
II
128
rnaBa 3. CMHXpoHHble reHepaTopbl
CMHXpOHHble reHepaTopbl AJ1J1 B3Y
129
Ta6nHua 3.2
3aBUCHMOCTb I aK = f(IJ IIPH cHMMeTpH'IHOM TpexljJa3HOM KOpOTKOM 3a-
MbIKaHHH npe,ll;CTaBJIHeT C060H THnUqHYID .u;JIH cr IIPHMYIO JIHHHIO.
XapaKTepHCTHKH pa60TbI reHepaTopa IIPH pa3JIH'IHbIX HarpY3Kax npHBe-
,lI;eHbI B Ta6JI. 3.3.
Ta6nHua 3.3
PaC'IeT MarHHTHOH nenH B3r-5-750
! I
II
TIapaMeTpbI E*t = <:D*
0,5 1,0 1,1 1,3
IfH.u;vKIJ;H}! B 3a30pe Bo, Tn 0,245 0,49 0,54 0,64
MJJ:C 3a30pa Fo,A 285 570 626 740
IfH,lI;YKIJ;HJI B 3y6uax BZh Tn 0,54 1,08 1,19 1,4
MJJ:C 3y6UOB CTaTOpa F Zb A 4,0 8,0 10 15
HH,lI;YKWI}! B HpMe cTaTopa Ba, Tn 0,455 0,91 1,0 1,19
MJJ:C JlpMa CTaTopa Fa, A 5,0 10 11,0 11,0
MAC 3a30pa H CTaTopa Foz",A 294 588 637 766
IIoTOK paCCeJlHHH <:DoxlO. 3 Bo 0,28 0,56 0,61 0,73
IIoTOK B IIOJIIOCe <:D m = (<:D+<:DO)'1O- 3 Bo 2,365 4,73 5,23 6,15
HH,lI;YKUH}! B nOJIIOCe 0,66 1,3 1,45 1,7
(CT.3 - nOKOBKa) Bm, Tn
MJJ:C nonIOca Fm A 38 112 171 388
HH)J;yKUH}! B JlpMe pOTopa Bj, Tn 0,38 0,75 0,83 0,98
MJJ:C JlPMa DOTopa F., A 4,5 9,5 11 13,5
MJJ:C OB IIPH xonOCTOM XO,ll;e F 60 , A 336 709 813 1167
TOK OB npH xonOCTOM XO,ll;e 1,75 3,7 4,26 6,07
(npH W B = 192 BHTKa) lBo, A
OTHOCHTenbHbIe 3HaqeHH}! F* 60 , 1* BO 0,475 1,0 1,15 1,65
F* . 0,06 0,17 0,266 0,365
m
F* oZa 0,413 0,83 0,9 1,08
<:D* 0,365 I,ll 1,25 1,47
m
<:D* 0 0,067 0,134 0,146 0,175
FozaiFo 1,03 1,03 1,03 1,03
XapaKTepHCTHKH B3r-5-750 npH HarpY3Ke
.N2 n/n n, UcfJ. IH' P2' U B , IB'
06/MHH B A BT B A
1 760 224 5,85 2940 16,0 4,2
2 760 224 8,40 5620 18,0 5,0
3 765 224 11,5 7640 20,0 5,6
4 755 230 14,0 9660 28,0 6,0
Pe3YJlbmambl ucnblmanUR B3r-5-750. Ha pHC. 3.29 IIpHBe,ll;eHbI CHH-
TbIe Ha CTeH,lI;e xapaKTepucTHKH xonOCToro XO,ll;a (x.x.x.) H KOpOTKOro 3aMbIKa-
HHH (X.K.3.) 3Toro reHepaTopa.
KaK BH.u;HO, OIIbITHaH x.x.x. B OCHOBHOH cBoeH qaCTH pacnonaraeTCH BbI-
llie pactJ:eTHoH, qTO CBJl3aHO rnaBHbIM 06pa30M C OTKnOHeHHeM peanbHbIx KPH-
BbIX HaMarHHqHBaHHH MaTepHanoB MarHHTOIIpOBo,ll;a OT paCqeTHbIX.
MarHHTHaH uellb reHepaTopa Mano HaCbIIl{eHa, qTO ,lI;aeT B03MOJKHOCTb B
cepHHHbIX B3r HeCKonbKO YBeJIHqHBaTb MarHHTHYro 11H,lI;YKWIIO Bo (,lI;O 3Haqe-
HH}! 0,5 - 0,55 Tn) H, COOTBeTCTBeHHO, CHHJKaTb qHCJIO BHTKOB B ljJa3e W t HnH
aKTHBHYID .u;JIHHY cTaTopa Lj.
HarpY3Ka cr qHCTO aKTHBHa}!. IIpH HarpY3Ke P2 = 9660 BT reHepaTop
6bIJI BbI)l;epJKaH B TeqeHHe laH
O,ll;HOrO '1aca ,lI;O YCTaHo-
BHBllieHCJI TeMnepaTypbI Ha-
rpeBa OCHOBHbIX qaCTeH.
B IIpouecce HCIIbITa- 8,0
HHH BeCbMa TOqHO H3Mepe-
HbI COIIpOTHBJIeHHH 06MO-
TOK, KOTopbIe COCTaBHJIH:
-B «xonO,ll;HOM» COCTOJlHHH:
r<1Jx A - 1,19 OM;
B - 1,202 OM;
C - 1,188 OM;
r 06X = 3,945 OM;
-B «ropJlqeM» COCTOHHHH:
r<1JzA - 1,547 OM;
B - 1,563 OM;
C - 1,540 OM;
r 06Z = 4,768 OM;
- YCTaHOBHBlliHHCH IIeperpeB 06MOTOK:
()em = 74,5 0 c; ()OB = 52°C.
If3 co06paJKeHHH 06eCIIeqeHH}! «3anaca» IIO HarpeBY C Y'IeTOM HeH36eJK-
HbIX IIPH pa60Te B3Y Kone6aHHH HarpY3KH Ha BeTpOKOJIeCe U nepHO,ll;HqeCKHX
IIeperpY30K reHepaTopa MaKCHManbHa}! MOIl{HOCTb cr OrpaHHqeHa BeJIHqHHOH
P2MOX = 7500 BT IIPH n H = 750 06/MHH, I H = 11,4 A, UcfJH = 220 B, IIPH 3TOM IIa-
paMeTpbI 06MOTKH B036YJK)J.eHHH xapaKTepH3YIOTCJI BeJIHqHHaMH U BH = 22 B, I BH
= 5,3A. IIoTepu 3HeprHH B 3TOM peJKHMe COCTaBnHIOT: I1P M l = 530 BT; I1P B03 6 =
I =3,7A
110 (paCqeT) I B
4,0 5,0 6,0 7,0 A
PHC. 3.29. XapalnepHcTHKH cr B3r -5-750:
xapaKmepuemUlw XO/locmozo xoiJa (1 - onblm, 2 -
pac'lem); xapaKmepucmuKa KopomKozo 3UMblKa1lUR
(3 - onblm)
130
rnaBa 3. CMHXpoHHble reHepaTopbl
npMMepbl nocTpOeHMJ1 B3Y C CMHXpOHHblMM reHepaTopaMM
131
3.7.1. BeTp03HepreTUIJCCKaH YCTaHoBKa AB3-250C
npallIeHHe H IIPH .u;OCTHJKeHHH reHepaTopoM HOMHHaJIbHOH qaCTOTbI BpaIl{eHHH
KPIIl-200 BKJIIOqaeT cr B ceTb MeTO,ll;OM caMoCHHXP0H}I3aUHH, OIIHcaHHOM B
II. 3.3.1, a CYBK 06eCIIeqHBaeT MaKCHManbHoe HCIIonb30BaHHe 3HeprHH BeT-
pOBoro IIOTOKa H aKTHBHoe rarueHHe aBToKone6aHHH B CHCTeMe BK-Cr.
TIpH CKOpOCTH BeTpa 60nee 13,5 M/c CYBK IIo.u;.u;epJKHBaeT MOIl{HOCTb
cr, paBHYIO HOMHHanbHoH, HCKJIIOqaH IIeperpY3KY reHepaTopa.
OCTaHOBKa B3Y IIpOH3BO,ll;HTCJI IIO KOMaH,lI;aM orrepaTopa HnH IIO CHrHa-
JIaM CHCTeMbI aBapHHHoro OCTaHOBa nYTeM IIepeBO,ll;a nOIIacTeH BO Ij:>nIOrepHoe
1I0nOJKeHHe IIO,ll; ,lI;eHCTBHeM IIPYJKHH. rH,u;pOCHCTeMa IIPH 3TOM BbIKJIIOqaeTCJI H3
pa60Tbi.
EalliHH (MeTaJInHqeCKaH mIH cTeKnoIInacTHKoBaH) ,lI;HaMeTpaMH 2,02 M B
1111>KHeH qaCTH H 1,42 M B BepxHeH qaCTH JlBJIHeTCJI HecYIl{HM 3neMeHTOM H Be-
C11T 12,5 T.
I:
I
1'1
!
117 BT; L1P cm = 150 BT; L1P,)o6= 300 BT; LlP Mex = 200BT; E L1P= 1300 BT. KIIJJ:
(npH COS 'PH = 1,0) COCTaBJIHeT 85,2%.
TaKHM 06pa30M, MOJKHO C YBepeHHocTbIO CKa3aTb, qTO 3HepreTHqeCKHe
rrOKa3aTenH npoeKTHpyeMbIx HBHOIIonIOCHbIX reHepaTopoB .u;nH B3Y BIIOJIHe
y.u;oBJIeTBOpHTenbHbI, a npH ycnoBHH «3aIIaca» IIO MOIl{HOCTH H IIO HarpeBY 11X
pa60Ta B ycnoBHJlx B3Y 6Y,ll;eT BeCbMa Ha,ll;eJKHoH.
3.7. TIpHMepbI nOCTpoeHHH B3Y C CUHXpOHHbIMH reHepaTopaMH
AB3-250C (arperaT BeTp03neKTpHqeCKHH MOIl{HOCTbIO 250 KBT) - 3TO,
IIO CYTH, IIepBaH OTeqeCTBeHHaH B3Y Cpe,ll;HeH MOIl{HOCTH C CHHXpOHHbIM reHe-
paTopoM pa3pa60TKll rKE «1OJKHoe» (1'. AHeIIpoIIeTpoBcK), IIpe.u;Ha3Ha'IeHHaH
,lI;JIH pa60TbI B aBTOHOMHOM peJKHMe H Ha IIpoMbIllineHHYIO ceTb [9]. Ee OCHOB-
HbIe TeXHHqeCKHe ,lI;aHHbIe IIpHBe,ll;eHbI B Ta6n. 3.4.
Kpamlwe onucanue ycmpoucm6a u pa60mbl B3Y [9]. KOHCTpYKTHBHaH
cxeMa arperaTa Hero 1j:>0Torpalj:>HH rrpe.u;CTaBneHbI Ha pHC. 3.30, a OCHOBHbIe
3neMeHTbI rOH,lI;OnbI - Ha pHC. 3.31.
Pa60qHM opraHoM B3Y HBJIHeTCJI BeTpoKoneco (BK). Ero IInOCKOCTb
OpHeHTHpyeTcJI IIepneH,lI;HKYJIHpHO HanpaBneHHIO BeTpoBoro IIOTOKa BHH,u;p03-
HbIM rrpHBO,ll;HbIM MexaHH3MOM. BpaIl{aIOIl{HH MOMeHT OT BK IIepe,ll;aeTCH TOp-
CHOHHbIM BanOM Ha MynbTHIIJIHKaTOp H 'Iepe3 06roHHyro Mylj:>TY - Ha reHepa-
TOp. IIo.u;.u;epJKaHHe 3a,ll;aHHOH CKOpOCTH BpaIl{eHHJI BK 06eCIIeqHBaeTCH rH,lI;-
paBJIHqeCKHM IIpHBO,ll;OM, H3MeHJIIOIl{HM yrOJI YCTaHOBKH nonaCTeH.
JJ:JIH HCKJIIOqeHHJI aBapHHHbIX peJKHMOB B B3Y IIpHMeHeHa CHCTeMa .u;u-
arHOCTHKH H aBapHHHoro OCTaHOBa, KOHTpOJIHpYIOIl{aH BH6paU:HH OCHOBHbIX
3neMeHTOB, TeMIIepaTYPY, ,lI;aBneHHe H ypOBeHb Macna, qaCTory BpaIl{eHHH BK,
yron IIoBopoTa nOIIacTeH, TOK, MOIl{HOCTb, HarrpJlJKeHHe H ,lI;p. (48 IIapaMeTpoB).
IIpH npeBbIllieHHH KOHTponHpyeMbIMH IIapaMeTpaMH IIoporoBbIx 3Haqe-
HHH IIpoH3BO,ll;HTCH OTKJIIOqeHHe B3Y H ee OCTaHOBKa.
B COCTaB 3neKTpoo60pY,ll;OBaHHJI BXO.u;HT cr rCC-I04-4 11 KOHTponbHo-
pacnpe,ll;eJIHTenbHbIH IllKalj:> KPIIl-200, KOTOpbIH 06eCIIeqHBaeT BKJIIOqeHHe H
cornacoBaHHyro pa60TY reHepaTopa C ceTbIO, H3MepeHHH H OTKJIIOqeHHe IIPH
aBapHHHbIX peJKHMax. B HaCTOJlIIIee BpeMH B 3THX B3Y YCTaHaBnHBaIOTCJI
6eCIl{eTOqHbIe reHepaTopbI cepHH rCE-200-4Y2 nOBbJrueHHoH Ha,ll;eJKHOCTH
(UeJIbHOlliTaMnoBaHHbIe JIlfCTbI Cep,ll;eqHHKa pOTopa, CYIl{eCTBeHHO YCHneHa
,lI;eMIIlj:>epHaH 06MoTKa, H30JIHUHJI KJIacca «MoHonm» .u;nJl KaTyrIIKH nOJIIOCa H
,lI;pyrne MepoIIpHHTHJI) IIpOH3Bo.u;CTBa AO «3neKTpOMalli», 1'. THpacIIonb.
IIpH ,lI;OCTHJKeHHH BeTpoBbIM IIOTOKOM pa60qero )l;HaIIa30Ha CKopocTeH
IIO cooTBeTcTBYIOIl{HM KOMaH,lI;aM CHCTeMbI YIIpaBneHHH BK nOIIaCTH pa3BOpa-
'1HBaIOTCJI H3 Ij:>nIOrepHoro IIOnOJKeHHH Ha 3a,ll;HHH yron, BK IIpHBO)I;HTCJI BO
Ta6nHua 3.4
OCHOBHLle TeXHH'IeCKHe )J;aHHLle B3Y AB3-250C
No rr/II HalfMeHOBaHHe IIaoaMeTOOB BenHqHHa
1 HOMHHaJIbHaH MOIl{HOCTb B3Y (IIpH 200
COS <D = 0,8), KBT
2 HOMHHaJIbHoe HaIIpJlJKeHHe, B 230/400
3 HOMHHanbHaH qaCTOTa, ru 5():J: 1,0
4 CKOPOCTb Bema HOMHHanbHaH, MIceK 13,6
5 CKOpOCTb BeTpa BKJIIOqeHHH B3Y, 4,5
MIceK
6 CKOpOCTb BeTpa BbIKJIIOqeHHH B3Y, 25
MIceK
7 IIpe.u;enbHo .u;OIIYCTHMaH CKOpOCTb BeT- 60
pa, MiceK
8 THII VCTaHOBJIeHHOrO reHepaTopa rCC-I04-4
9 CHcTeMa YIIpaBJIeHHH IIOBOpOTOM nOIIa- rH,lI;pOcUCTeMa
cTeH
10 CHcTeMa YIIpaBneHHH rroBopoTOM rOH- BUH,u;p03a
,lI;OJIbI
11 CHcTeMa vnpaBneHmI B3Y ABTOMaTHqeCKaH
12 ra6apHTHbIe pa3MepbI, M:
- BbICOTa .u;o OCH pOTopa 25
- BbICOTa 6aIIIHH 24
- ,lI;HaMeTP BeTPOKoneCa 25
13 Macca arneraTa, Kr, He 60nee 25000
14 Pecypc (.u;o TeXHHqeCKOrO 06CJIYJKHBa-
HHH\ 'I, He MeHee 4000
15 CPOK Cny>K6bI, JIeT, He MeHee 20
I I
I
I'
!II:
I
III
]11 1111
II
III
III
I
132
rnaBa 3. CMHXpoHHble reHepaTopbl
npMMepbl nOCTpOeHMJI B3Y C CMHXpOHHblMM reHepaTopaMM
133
<l>}'HAaMCHT
,,\
.. "i
j\\ *
:>.,'
Pe,ll;YKTop-MynbTHIIn11KaTOp ,lI;BYXCTYIIeHqaTbIH C IIepe,ll;aTOqHbIM qHCnOM
31,9 cnYJKHT nJIH COrJIaCOBaHHJI qaCTOT BpaIl{eHHJI BK u cr H paCCqHTaH Ha
CpOK cnYJK6bI B TeqeHHe 10 neT.
f
CornaCYlOIIl11H
penYKTOp
TaxorcHepaTop
I
reHepaTOp
"'
BaJI-cTyrr11Lla
KO)l(YX HHJKIUHI
;n
MyljJTa .u;eMIIljJuPYlOllIm!
"
'1"
OrropHo-rrOBOpOTIJ:bIH Kpyr
CUJIOBOH 'lCpBJI'lHbIH pC)J;yKTOp
PlfC. 3.31. rOJIOBKa AB3 - 250C
PlfC. 3.30. ArperaT BeTp03JIelITpH'IeCKlfH AB3 - 250C rKI> «(0)1,"00»
BeTpOKoneco JlBJIHeTCJI pa60'lHM opraHoM B3Y H BKJIIOqaeT B ce6H 3a-
KpeIIneHHbIe Ha Bany-cTYIIHUe TpH nOIIacTH, HMeIOIl{He CIIeUHaJIbHbIH a3PO.u;H-
HaMHqeCKHH IIpOIjJHJIb H cnoc06HbIe IIOBOpaqHBaTbCH Ha yron OT 0° ,lI;O 90° BO-
Kpyr c06CTBeHHbIx IIpo.u;onbHbIx oceH.
JJ:nHHa nOIIaCTH - 12,08 M, IIlHpHHa no xop,ll;e - 1,392 M B KOMne H 0,376 M
- B KOHueBoH '1aCTH, Macca JIOIIaCTH - 500 K1'.
rOH,u;ona B3Y CJIYJKHT .u;JIH pa3MeIl{eHmI OCHOBHbIX CHnOBbIX Y3noB Me-
XaHHqeCKOH nepe.u;aqH, rH,u;paBJIHqeCKOH CHCTeMbI, 3neKTpOTeXHHqeCKOrO 060-
pY,ll;oBaHHJI, Y3noB KOHTponH, YIIpaBneHHH H perynHpoBaHHH, CMOHTHpoBaHHbIx
Ha HecYIl{eH uenbHocBapHoH IIJIaTljJopMe H 3aKpbITa CTeKJIOrrnaCTHKOBbIM KO-
JKYXOM TOnIl{HHOH OKono 6 M.
BaJI-CTYIIHUa COCTOHT H3 THTaHOBOro KopIIyca cljJepHqeCKOH iPOPMbI,
6noKa IIO.u;IIlHIIHHKOB B 060HMe, Bana .u;JIH ynpaBneHHH H IIlapHHpoB .u;JIH Kpen-
neHmI nOIIacTeH H ponHKoB, B3aHMO,ll;eHCTBYIOIl{HX C BaJIOM YIIpaBneHH}l. TIpH
oceBOM nepeMeIl{eHHH BaJIa YIIpaBneHH}l Ha .u;JIHHY 282 M 06eCIIeqHBaeTCH IIO-
BOpOT nOIIacTeH Ha yron 90°.
TOpCHOHHbIH BaJI, IIpe,ll;CTaBnHIOIl{HH C060H cTanbHoH CTepJKeHb .u;HaMeT-
pOM 120 MM H .u;JIHHOH 3,8 M, CJIYJKHT .u;JIH CrnaJKHBaHHJI HMIIynbcoB KpYTJlIl{erO
MOMeHTa BK, B03HHKaIOIl{HX IIPH IIynbcaLlHHX BeTpOBoro IIOTOKa, H CHHJKeHHH
y.u;apHbIX HarpY30K, ,lI;eHCTBYIOIl{HX Ha MyljJTY H IlleCTepHIO pe,ll;YKTopa.
ECJIH IIpHMeHHeTCH penYKTOp C BenH'-IHHOH i = 31,5, TO YCTaHaBJIHBaeTCJI
.u;OIIOJIHHTeJIbHbIH COrJIaCYIOIl{HH pe.u;YKTOp, Ha BbIXO,ll;HbIX KOHuax BanOB KOTO-
poro YCTaHaBJIHBaeTCJI MacnOHacoc H TaxoreHepaTOp.
MyljJTa .u;CMnIjJHPYIOIl{aH CJIYJKHT .u;JIH OCJIa6JIeHHJI aBTOKOJIe6aHHH B CHC-
TeMe BK-Cr -ceTb B .u;Hana30HC pa60qHX CKopOCTeH BeTpa. TIpH CH11JKeHHH CKO-
pOCTH BeTpa MyljJTa paCueIIJIHeT pe.u;YKTOp H reHepaTOp, 06eCneqHBaH IIepeXO,ll;
cr B peJKHM CHHxpOHHoro KOMIIeHcaTopa.
B11HJJ.p03HbIH MeXaH113M (BM) IIaCCHBHoro THIIa (6e3 3neKTpOIIp11BO,ll;a)
IIpe,ll;Ha3HaqeH .u;JIH aBTOMaTHqeCKOH opHeHTaUHH BeTpOKOJIeCa Ha BeTep npH
CKOpOCTH BeTpa 60JIee 3 - 4 WC 11 BKJIIOqaeT ,lI;Ba BHH,lI;p03HbIX MHoronOIIaCTHbIX
KOJIeCa nHaMeTpOM 2,75 M, MexaHH3M IIepe.u;aqH, qepBHqHbIe pe,ll;yKTopbI, Kap-
,lI;aHHbIH Ball H OIIOpHO-IIOBOpOTHbIH Kpyr. CYMMapHoe nepe.u;aTOqHOe OTHOIlle-
HHe BM - 5800, MaKcHManbHbIH OKPYJKHOH MOMeHT - He MeHee 350 Krc'M. CpOK
CnYJK6bI pe,ll;YKTopOB BM - He MeHee 5 JIeT.
YCTpOHCTBO KOHTpOJIH 3aKpYTKH Ka6eJIH IIpe.u;Ha3HaqeHO )J;JIH aBTOMaTH-
qeCKOH OCTaHOBKH B3Y IIocne 3aBepIlleHHJI rOH.u;OJIOH Tpex 060pOTOB BOKpyr
OC11 6aruHH. TIocJIe OCTaHOBKH B3Y Ka6eJIb pacKpY'IHBaIOT, 3aTeM arperaT
BHOBb 3aIIycKaIOT.
B3Y AB3-250C OCHaIl{eHa TaK2Ke CHCTeMaMH:
3aIl{HTbI OT CTaTHqeCKOrO 3neKTpHqeCTBa;
MonHHe3aIl{HTbI;
I;
;I!I
II
IIII
!
II,
I
I
134
rnaBa 30 CMHXpoHHble reHepaTopbl
npMMepbl nocTpOeHMJI B3Y C CMHXpOHHblMM reHepaTopaMM
135
C pmax (Z - Zopt)2
C p =C pmax - ( ) 2
Zmax - Zopt
3Ta 3aBHCHMOCTb rrpe,ll;CTaBJIeHa
Ha p11c. 3.32,a.
TIOJIyqeHO IIpaKTHqeCKH nonHoe
cOBIIa.u;eHHe pa60qeH TOqKH ,lI;aHHOH
B3Y C paCqeTHOH Kp11BOH C p = feZ).
If3 pHC. 3.32,a CJIe.u;yeT, qTO pa-
60qa}l TOqKa B3Y AB3-250C B HOMH-
HaJIbHOM peJK11Me neJK11T Ha neBOH BeTBH
xapaKTepHCTHKH, II03TOMY .u;JIH aHaJI.H3a
YCTOHq11BOCTH ee pa60TbI He06xo,ll;HMO
rrOCTpOHTb xapaKrepHCTHKY MOMeHTa
(pHC. 3.32,6).
Ha OCHOBaH11H 3TOH xapaKTepn-
CT11KH MOJKHO C,lI;eJIaTb BbIBOL\, 'lTO B3Y
AB3-250C pa60TaeT npaKT11'leCKIf Ha MaKC11MYMe MOMeHTa. Y.u;epJKHBaHHe pa-
60qeH TOqK11 Ha BepllIHHe MOMeHTHOH xapaKTep11CTHKIf oCYIl{eCTBJIHeTCH IIYTeM
aB10MaTW1eCKoro perYJIHpOBaHHH yrna YCTaHOBK11 JIOIIaCTeH B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT
ClfnbI BeTpa.
llITOpMOBOi1: 3aUIUTbI;
oCBeil{eHmI;
IIOJKapoTYllIeHH}l.
PaCliemllble xapaKmepucmUKU B3Y. 1. K031jJljJHUHeHT HCIIOnb30BaHHJI
MOIl{HOCTH BeTpoBoro IIOTOKa C p H 6bICTpOXO,ll;HOCTb Z B pa60qeH TO'-IKe IIOJIY-
qaeM H3 cOOTHollIeHHH, IIpHBe,ll;eHHbIX B rn. 1:
P 3lZ" 2
P=C P "2 V "4 D 1706"1;
60vZ
n BT = lZ" D '
C p =Cpmax ( ) 2 ( -2 +3 ) '
Zopt Zopt
rrpaBaH BeTBb Z 2: Zopt
OTKY,lI;a
C _ 8P
p 3 2
lZ" pv D 1706"1
8.200.10 3
3 2 = 0,355 ;
lZ" .1,25 .13,6 .25 .0,78
Z = lZ" D n BT
60v
lZ"' 25 .46,7
60.13,6
4,49.
2. K031jJljJHuHeHT 3anonHeHHH Ha IIepHljJepHH nOIIaCTH
2inbnepuljJ 2.3.1,3
unepuljJ - - =0,312,
D 25
r.u;e b nepu ,p=0,052D=0,052'25=1,3M - xop,ll;a IIepHljJepHHHoro CeqeHHH JIOnaCTH,
IIpHHHMaeMaH paBHoH 5,2% OT ,lI;HaMeTpa D.
3. OIIpe,ll;enJleM OIITHMaJIbHYIO Zopt H MaKCHMaJIbHYIO Zmax 6bICTpoXO,ll;HO-
CTH, a TaKJKe C p max rro COOTHOllIeHHJlM:
ZOP! = (aIUnepuljJ +bI)/(CIUnepuljJ +1);
Zmax = (a2 U nepuljJ +b2)/(C2UnepuljJ +1);
C pmax =a3U2nepuljJ +b 3 u nepu ljJ +C 3 ,
me al = 30,78; b I = 18,58; C 1 = 12,74; a2 = -188,93; b2 = -20,62; C2 = -28,22;
a3 = -0,0961; b 3 = 0,1636; C 3 = 0,451.
TIpoH3BeAA cooTBeTcTBYIOIl{He IIO,ll;CTaHOBKH, IIOJIyqHM HCKOMbIe 3Haqe-
HHJI: Zopt = 5,6; Zmax = 10,1; C p max = 0,407.
4. CTpOUM 3aBHCHMOCTb K031jJljJHUHeHTa HCIIOJIb30BaHH}l 3HeprHH BeTpO-
Boro IIOTOKa C p = feZ) B COOTBeTCTBHH C BbIpaJKeHHHMH .u;JIH neBoH H rrpaBoH
BeTBeH 3TOH xapaKTepHcTHKH:
neBaH BeTBb Z Zopt
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6
PHC. 3.32. 3aRHcHMoCTb K034J4JHl\HeU-
TOR HCnOJlb:JOBaHHH MOI1\HOCTH H MO-
MeHTa B3Y AB3-250C
3.7.2. Pe3YJIbTaTbI pa60TbI B3C c B3Y AB3 - 250C
(1993 - 2000 1'1'.)
B pa60Te [108] .u;eTaJIbHO IIpOaHaJIH311pOBaHbI Bce BorrpocbI IjJHHaHC11pO-
BaHHH CTpOHTeJIbCTBa, a TaIOKe pe3ynbTaTbI 3KCIIJIyaTaU11H IIpaKT11qeCKH Bcex
B3C YKpaHHbI C OTeqeCTBeHHbIMli If nHueH3HOHHbIMH B3Y. B Ta6n. 3.5 rrpH-
Be,ll;eHbI TonbKO 06Il{He .u;aHHbIe no B3C C AB3 - 250C, BKJIIOqaH ,lI;HHaMHKY HX
BBO,ll;a H BbIBOlia H3 3KcnnyaTaWI11, BbIpa60TKH 3neKTp03HeprHH H K031jJIjJ H U H -
eHTa 11CnOJIb30BaHHH YCTaHOBJIeHHOH MOIl{HOCTH (KIfYM).
06paTHM BHHMaHHe Ha O.u;HH H3 OCHOBHbIX rroKa3aTeneH - KI1YM rro
A,lI;JKHrOnbcKoi1: B3C, Haxo.u;HIl{eHCH B 3KCnJIyaTaUHH lIO HaCTOJlIl{erO BpeMeHH.
Ero ManbIe 3HaqeHIfH (1,9...2,9%) OTHOC}lTCH K IIepHo.u;y ,lI;OBO,ll;KH B3Y ,lI;O
OIIbITHO-IIpOMbIllIneHHoH 3KCnJIyaTaWIH, 3aTeM Ha6JIIO.u;ancH YCTOHq11BbIH pOCT
KIfYM BnJIOTb ,lI;O HaH60nbllIero 3HaqeHIfH 12,5%. B pa60Te [108] OTMe'laeTCJI
II
i IIII
136
rnaBa 3. CMHXpoHHble reHepaTopbl
npMMepbl nOCTpOeHMJI B3Y C CMHXpOHHblMM reHepaTopaMM
137
I
I
IIII
III,
I
nOTeHUHanbHaH B03MOJKHOCTb YBeJIHqeHHH KHYM ,lI;O 3HaqeHHH 20 - 30% 3a
CqeT:
- IIpHMeHeHHH Y)!;JIHHHTeneH nOIIacTeH;
- YMeHbmeHHH qaCTOTbI BpallIeHHH BK ,u;o OnTHMaJIbHOrO 3HaQeHHH, co-
oTBeTcTBYIOllIero MaKCHMaJIbHOMY KTI)J: B3Y;
- cOKpallIeHHH 3aTpaT BpeMeHH Ha TO H peMOHTbl.
OIIpeCHHTeJIbHbIX YCTaHoBoK, pa3JIHqHbIX 6bITOBbIX IIPH60pOB, a IIPH HCIIOJIb30-
BaHHH B KOMIIJIeKCe C TeIIJIOBbIM11 reHepaTopaMH - )I;JIH aBTOHOMHoro TeIIJIO-
cHa6JKeHHH 06'beKTOB [97]. JJ:JIH B3Y MOIl{HOCTbIO 20 H 30 KBT IIpe,ll;ycMaTpH-
BaeTCH IIapanJIeJIbHaJI pa60Ta C ceTbIO.
Ha 1jJ0TO (PHC. 3.33) IIpe,ll;CTaBneHbI YCTaHOBJIeHHbIe Ha HcnbITaTeJIbHOM
nonHroHe (1'. CHMpepoIIonb) TPH THIIa B3Y.
I
II I
I11II
I
rOAbI
TIoKa3aTeJIb 1993 1994 2000
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 (I nIl')
Y CTaHOBJIeHHaH MOll\-
HOCTb, MBT
Bcel'o 0,4 1,6 1,8 2,4 2,4 .0,82 0,6 0,6
AKTallicKaH B3C 0,4 0,8- 0,8 1,0 1,0 0 0 0
lIepHoMopcKaH B3C - 0,2 0,4 0,8 0,8 0,2 0 0
A;J,»<:HI'OJIbCKaH B3C - 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,6
TIpOH3BOACTBO 'JJIeK-
Tp03HepI'Jru, MBT',)
Bcel'o - 27] 593 649 810 332 414 326
AKTalliCKaH B3C - 129 293 302 336 0 0 0
lIepHoMopcKaH B3C - 114 145 233 374 113 0 0
AmKHI'OJIbCKaH B3C - 28 155 114 100 219 414 326
KIIYM,%
OcpeAHeHHblii - 3,7 4,1 3,3 3,9 4,7 7,9 12,5
AKTalllcKaH B3C - 2,5 4,2 3,7 3,8 - - -
lIepHoMopcKaH B3C - 12,9 6,2 3,8 5,3 6,5 - -
A;J,»<:HI'OJIbCKaH B3C - 2,2 2,9 2,2 ],9 4,2 7,9 12,5
T a6JIHua 3 5
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PHC. 3.33. B3Y MaJIoii MOll\HOCTH Ha HCnblTaTeJIbHOM nOJIHI'OHe
3.7.3, YCTaHoBKa BeTpo:meKTpHqeCKaJl YB3-10
Ha IIepe,u;HeM IIJIaHe paCIIOJIOJKeHa ,u;ByxnoIIacTHaH B3Y (A), BbIIIonHeH-
HaH Ha 6a3e B3Y AB3-4 (npoeKT HIIO «BeTp03H», r. MocKBa), C THXOXO,u;HbI-
Mll JIOIIaCTHMH IjJHpMbI «3cTa» (1'. HHKOJIaeB) H CHHXpOHHbIM reHepaTopoM
83r-5-750 MOIIIHOCTbIO 5 KBT, onHcaHHbIM B IIn. 3.6.2 H 3.6.4. BbICOTa MaqTbI
3TOH B3Y 9 M. B ueHTpe - ,u;ByxnoIIacTHaH B3Y (B) C HCIIOJIb30BaHHeM pe,ll;YK-
TOpa, CTYIIHl{bI 11 onopHo-IIOBopoTHoro MexaHH3Ma arperaTa AB3-4 H C cr
B3r-7.5-750 MOllIHOCTbIO 7,5 KBT. BbICOTa MaqTbI - 17 M.
Ha 3a,l1;HeM IInaHe YCTaHOBJIeHa B3Y (C) C MOIIIHOCTbIO 10 KBT pa3pa6OT-
KIf K3PHa C PMOM KOHCTPYKTHBHbIX H TeXHOJIOrnqeCKHX peIlleHHH, HaIIpaBneH-
HbIX Ha ee MaKCHManbHoe yrrpollIeHHe, nORbIIlleHHe Ha,ll;eJKHOCTH 11 31jJIjJeKTHBHo-
CTH Hcnonb30BaHJfH, CHH)KeHHH MaTepHanOeMKOCTH H CTOHMOCTH [98].
B 60JIee KpynHOM IIJIaHe 3Ta B3Y, YCTaHOBJIeHHaH Ha IIOJIllrOHe B IIIT
ll{eJIKllHO (II. MbIcoBoe), IIpe,u;cTaBJIeHa Ha IjJOTO (PHC. 3.34). OHa BbIIIOJIHeHa
IIO KJIaCCH'-IeCKOH ropH30HTaJIbHO-IIpOIIeJIJIepHOH cxeMe C 3a,u;HHM paCIIOJIOJKe-
H11eM TpexnonaCTHoro BeTpOKOJIeCa, CaMOOpHeHTHpYlOllIerOCH IIO BeTpy IIO,u;
,u;eMCTB11eM IjJJIIOrepHoro MOMeHTa.
: .I
PaCCMaTpHBaeMbIH 3,u;eCb BapHaHT B3Y HOMHHanbHOH MOIIIHOCTbIO
10 KBT pa3pa60TaH npe,u;IIpHHTHeM «KpbIM3HepropeMHana,u;Ka» (no,u;pa3,u;eJIe-
HHe «KpbIM3Hepro») [98] H HBJIHeTCH O,u;HHM H3 npoeKToB cepHH B3Y MOllIHO-
CTbIO 5, 7.5, 10, 15, 20 H 30 KBT, npe,u;Ha3HaqeHHbIX ,u;nH BbIpa60TKll 3JIeKTpO-
3HeprHH nepeMeHHoro TpexljJa3Horo TOKa HaIIpHJKeHHeM 380 B H O,u;HoljJa3HOrO
TOKa HaIIpHJKeHHeM 220 B, qaCTOTOH 50 rQ B KaqeCTBe 6ecnepe60HHoro aBTO-
HOMHoro 11CTOqHHKa )I;JIH HH,u;HBH,u;yanbHbIx X03HHCTB, OT,u;eJIbHbIX HllH rpynIIbI
KOTTe,u;JKeH, ca,u;OBo-,u;aqHbIX KOJIneKTHBoB, CeJIbCKOX03HHcTBeHHblx IIpOH3-
BO,u;CTB, JK11BOTHOBo,u;qeCKHX KOMIIJIeKCOB, JII06bIX IIpOH3Bo,u;cTBeHHblx H X03HH-
CTBeHHblX 06'beKTOB, y,u;aneHHbIx OT 3HeproceTeH (ljJepM, OXOTHHqbHX xo-
3HHCTB, pbI60noBeUKHx 6a3, OTrOHHbIX IIacT6HllI H ,u;p.), a TaKJKe Haxo,u;HllIHXCH
B 30Hax HeycTOHqHBOrO 3HeprOCHa6JKeHHH, B He06xo,u;HMbIX cJIyqaJIx - ,lI;JIH BO-
,lI;ocHa6JKeHHH, IIpHBe,u;eHHH B ,u;eHcTBHe CeJIbCKOX03HHCTBeHHbIx MexaHH3MoB,
I
II
i I
138
rnaBa 3. CMHXpoHHble reHepaTopbl
npMMepbl nocTpOeHMJI B3Y C CMHXpOHHblMM reHepaTopaMM
139
WII'
I
II
I
I!! i
KOHCTPYKTHBHa51 cxeMa B3Y-I0 nOKa3aHa Ha pHC. 3.35
flonacTH BbIIIOJIHeHbI H3 CTeKJIOIIJIaCTHKa H CTeKJIOBOnOKHa, apMHpoBaHbI
KOHCTPYKllHHMH 113 CTeKJIOIIJIaCTHKOBbIX IIpYTbeB H ,u;epeBa, qro 06eCneqHBaeT
HX BbICOKYIO y,u;enbHYIO IIPOqHOCTb, BbICOKlle aHTHKOpp03HOHHbIe CBOHCTBa H
OTHOCHTeJIbHO HeBbICOKYIO CTOHMOCTb. Bec TaKOH nonaCTll COCTaBJI5IeT 19 K1'.
flonacTH 3aKpeIIJIeHbI Ha Bany-cTYIIHUe rOJIOBKH C B03MOJKHOCTbIO CHH-
xpoHHoro IIoBopoTa BOKpyr OCM.
CHCTeMa ynpaBJIeHHH BeTpOKOJIeCOM npe,u;CTaBJIHeT C060H a3poMexaHH-
qecKYIO aBTOMaT113HpOBaHHYIO C11CTeMY, KOTopaH COCTOHT H3 cepBopYJIeH, 3a-
KpeIIJIeHHbIX Ha KpOHmTeHHax 3a 3a,ll;HeH KpOMKOH JIOnaCTH C B03MOJKHOCTbIO
IIoBopoTa Ha TopcHoHe, MexaHH3Ma CHHXpOHIl3aU11H nOBopOTa H ueHTp06eJKHO-
1'0 perYJIHTOpa.
qacToTa BpallIeHHH BeTpoKo-
. neca - nepeMeHHa5l. HOMllHanbHaH
qaCTOTa BpallIeH11H - 125 06/MHH.
BbIpa60TKa 3JIeKTp03HeprHll HaqH-
HaeTCH co CKOpOCT11 BeTpa 2,5 M/C,
HOMHHanbHaJI CKOpOCTb BeTpa
8,2 WC, pa60qHH ,u;llaIIa30H BeTpoB -
2,5 - 25 WC, MaKCllManbHO ,u;OnyCTM-
MaJI CKOpOCTb BeTpa - 40 WC. A3pO-
,u;HHaMHqeCKlle cTa6Mn113aTOpbI 01'-
paHHqHBaIOT MaKCHMaJIbH}'IO qaCTO-
TY BpallIeH1151 BeTpOKOJIeCa B npe,u;e-
nax 140 - 150 06/MHH.
EbICTpOXO,u;HOCTb B3Y co-
CTaBJIHeT 6,2. K031jJljJHUlleHT I1CnOJIb-
30BaHHH 3HeprHll BeTpa - 0,23, MOllI-
HOCTb BeTpOBOrO nOTOKa - 34,9 KBT.
Y CTaHOBKa BeTpOKOneca 3a 6aruHeH
06eCIIeqHBaeT 6onbruyro cTa6l1JIb-
?' HOCTb BpallIeHHH IIpll nopbIBax BeTpa
H aBTOMaTHqeCKOe CJIe,u;OBaHHe ro-
"p, ," . JIOBKH AB3Y 3a BeTpoM.
ABapHHHa51 OCTaHOBKa B3Y
IIpOH3BO,u;HTCH L\HCTaHUllOHHO (IIpH
IIOMOllI11 3JIeKTpOIIpoBo,u;a) HJIH BpyqHYro IIYTeM nepeBo,u;a nonacTeH BO IjJJIIO-
repHoe IIOJIOJKeHHe.
MexaHll3M nepe,u;aqH KpYTHllIero MOMeHTa OT BeTpoKOJIeCa Ha reHepaTop
BKJIIOqaeT BaJI-CTYIIHUY (rJIaBHbIH Ban), Ban IIpOMeJKyroqHbIH H pe)I;YKTOp-
MynbTHIInHKaTOp. JJ:Be YIIpyme BTYJIOqHO-IIanbueBbIe MYIjJTbI (MYBII) 06ec-
IIeQHBaIOT rJIy60Koe ,u;eMIIIjJHpOBaHHe 3TOH CHJIOBOH JIHHHH, qTO CMJ[fqaeT ,u;H-
HaMHqeCKHe HarpY3KH Ha JIOIIaCTH H TpaHCMHCCHIO. MYJIbTHIIJIHKaTOp IInaHe-
TapHbIH COBMellIeH B O,ll;HOM KopIIyce C reHepaTopOM, IIepeL\aTOqHOe OTHome-
HHe - 6,0, CHCTeMa CMa3KH - 6ap60TaJK.
reHepaTop B3r-IO-750 TpexljJa3HbIH, CaMOB036YJK,u;aroIIIHHcH C KOH-
TaKTHbIMH KOJIbuaM11 Ha pOTope. Ero HOMllHanbHa51 MOllIHOCTb - 10 KBT, MaK-
CHMaJIbHa51 MOllIHOCTb -13 KBT, qaCTOTa TOKa - 50 ru (IIp11 MaKCHManbHbIX 060-
pOTax - 60 ru), HOMHHanbHoe HaIIpIDKeHHe - 400/230 8, CHHXpOHHaJI qaCTOTa
BpallIeHH5I - 750 06/MHH. Coe,u;IlHeHHe ljJa3 - 3Be3,u;a C HYJIeBbIM IIpOBO,u;OM. Ox-
naJK,lI;eHHe HapYJKHOe, C BHYTpeHHHM BeHTHJIHTOpOM. 06MOTKH cTaTopa H B03-
6YJK,lI;eHIl51 Ha,ll;eJKHO 1130JIHpOBaHbI, IIpOnHTaHbI B BaKYYMe KOMIIaYH,lI;aMH H OK-
parueHbI. Knacc H30nHUHH - F. TOKOC'beMHOe YCTPOHCTBO cr llMeeT IIapy Il{e-
TOK Ha KaJK,lI;Oe KOJIbUO, paCIIOJIOJKeHO BO BHemHeH qaCTH ronOBKH IIO,u; KOJKY-
XOM, qTO 06eCIIeqHBaeT ,lI;OCTaTOqHO IIpOCTOH ,u;OCTYII ,lI;nH oCMoTpa, 06CJIYJKH-
BaHHH H IIPH He06xo,u;HMOCTH - 3aMeHbI llIeTOK.
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PHC. 3.34. B3Y-IO npoH3Bo):\CTB8 K3PH
Bce OIIHcaHHbIe paHee 3JIeMeHTbI 06pa3yroT rOJIOBKY B3Y, KOTOpa51 CBO-
60,u;HO IIOBOpaqHBaeTCH B OIIOpHOM IIo,u;mHIIHHKe, pa3MellIeHHoM B KOJIOHHe
OIIOpHO-IIOBopoTHoro yCTpoHcTBa OIIY. B 3TOH JKe KOJIOHHe paCIIOJIOJKeHbI
TOKOC'beMHHK B3Y, BKJIIOqaroIl{IlH meCTb TOKOC'beMHbIX KOJIeu 11 HanOJKeHHbIe
Ha Kaj[()J;oe H3 HHX IIapbI llIeTOK. IIoMellIeHHbIx B H30JIHpOBaHHbIe OT KopIIyca
llIeTKo,ll;epJKaTenll. KOJIOHHa OIIY Ha,lI;eJKHO COqJIeHeHa C MaqTOH B3Y.
MaqTa COCTOHT 113 ,u;BYX CTanbHbIX UHnHH,u;pHqeCKHX ceKUHH ,lI;HaMeTpoM
325 MM, BHYTpH KOTOpbIX IIPOXO,u;HT TpOC CHCTeMbI OCTaHOBa, Ka6eJIb CHJIOBOrO
I :
I
I
I
I
III
140
rnaBa 3. CMHXpoHHble reHepaTopbl
npMMepbl nocTpOeHMJI B3Y C CMHXpOHHblMM reHepaTopaMM
141
IIHTaHHH H ynpaBJIeHHH 3JIeKTpOCHcTeMoH. MaqTa OIIHpaeTCH Ha ynpyroe OCHO-
BaHHe, BMOHTMpoBaHHoe B 6eToHHbIH ljJyH,u;aMeHT, H HMeeT ruTbIpeBOH IjJHKca-
TOp. <:DYH,u;aMeHT cHa6JKeH 3aKJIa,ll;HbIMH MeTanJIHqeCKHMH 3neMeHTaMl1. BbICOTa
MaqTbI - 17 M, paccToHHHe OT OIIOpbI ,u;o OCll BeTpOKOJIeCa - OKono 18 'M, OMe-
TaeMaJI IIJIOllIa,lI;b BK - 56,7 M .
Ma'-ITa cHa6JKeHa ,u;BYMH apycaMH paCTHJKeK (no 4 ruryKH Ha Kaj[()J;OM
Hpyce), pa3MeIl{eHHbIX IIO,u; ymoM 90° ,u;pyr K ,u;pyry, llX IllapHllpHoe 3aKperrne-
HHe 06eCneqHBaeT ynpyroe ,u;eMIIljJllpoBaHHe paCKaq11BaIOllIHX YCHJIHH. 06llIaJI
Macca B3Y (6e3 3aKna,ll;HbIX 3JIeMeHTOB IjJYH,u;aMeHTa) COCTaBnHeT 1500 Kr.
B nepcIIeKTHBe B03MOJKHO IIpHMeHeHlle B KaqeCTBe MaqTbI YH11IjJ11U11pO-
BaHHoH JKeJIe306eToHHoH OIIOpbI.
3neKTpo060py,u;oBaHlle B3Y KpoMe onHcaHHoro BbIme reHepaTopa
BKJIIOqaeT B ce6H TpaHcljJopMaTop, BblIIpHMHTeJIb H HHBepTOp, 3JIeMeHTbI CHC-
TeMbI perYJIHpOBaHHH YIIpaBJIeHHH 11 3aIWITbI, a TaKJKe IIpH60pbI, IjJYHKUHO-
HanbHO 06'be,ll;HHeHHbIe B 6JIOK CHCTeMbI YIIpaBJIeHHH. KpoMe Toro, B KOMnJIeKT
3neKTpo060py,u;oBaHH5I BXO,u;HT aKKYMYJIHTOpHa5i 6aTapeH (AE) Ha 48 B eMKO-
CTbIO He MeHee 180 A'q 11 6JIOK HarpeBaTeJIbHbIX 3neMeHTOB. 3Ta CHCTeMa
06eCIIeqHBaeT 3apMKY AE (npH CKOpOCTH BeTpa 3,55 M/c H 60JIee), OrpaHHqe-
HHe TOKa 3apH,lI;KH ,u;o 12 A HJIH ee IIpeKpallIeHHe rrpH nOJIHOM 3apH,lI;e 6aTapeH,
aBTOMaTHqeCKOe IIo,u;.L\epJKaHHe HaIIpHJKeHHH 220 B +1- 5% (IIpH qaCTOTe 25ru
H 60JIee), perYJIHpOBaHHe TOKa HarpY3KH, nO,ll;KJIlOqeHHe npH He06xo,u;11MOCTll
ceKUHH 6JIOKa HarpeBaTenbHbIx 3JIeMeHTOB, IIOCTOHHHyro HHljJopMaUHlO 0 IIa-
paMeTpax BbIpa6aTbIBaeMoH 3JIeKTp03HeprHH. IfHBepTop Ha HanpHJKeHlle 220 B
H qaCToTY 50 ru HMeeT MOllIHOCTb 3 KBT. KOMIIJIeKT 3JIeKTpo060py,u;oBaHHH
pa3MellIeH B MeTaJIJIHqeCKOM ruKaljJy, YCTaHaBJIHBaeMOM OT,u;eJIbHO OT B3Y.
Ha pllC. 3.36 IIOKa3aHbJ
paCqeTHaH 11 peaJIbHaH 3aBHCH-
MOCTH MOllIHOC1;'H B3Y OT CKO-
pOCTH BeTpa. KaK BH,u;HO, HOMH-
HanbHa5i MOll\HOCTb B3 Y
10 K8T ,u;OCTHraeTCH IIP11 CKOpO-
CTH BeTpa 8,2 M/C, IIPH 60JIbruHX
BeTpaX MOllIHOCTb YBeJIHq11Ba-
eTCH He3HaqHTeJIbHO, a MaKCll-
ManbHa5i MOll\HOCTb npH BeTpax
CBbIme 14-15 M/C He npeBbImaeT
13 KBT. PeanbHa5i MOllIHOCTHaH
xapaKTep11CT11Ka 83Y Ha BceM
,u;Hana30He BeTpOB H,u;eT BbIllie paCqeTHOH, '-!TO CBH,lI;eTeJIbCTByeT 0 60JIee BbICO-
KOM HCnOJIb30BaHHH BeTpOBoro IIOTOKa Ha BK, qeM IIpllHHToe B pacqeTe.
B u;enOM B3Y xapaKTepH3yeTcH cnoc06HOCTbIO pa60TaTb B aBTOHOMHOM
peJKHMe B IIIHpOKOM ,u;Hana30He BeTpOBbIX Harpy30K (B TOM qHCJIe IIpll CHnbHOM
8
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PHC. 3.36. MOll\HOCTHaH xapaJnepHcTHKa
B3Y - 10: 1 - pac'lem; 2 - onblm
BeTpe), 6e30IIacHocTbIO KOHCTPYKUHH, IIpOCTOTOH C60pKH II MHHHManbHbIM
06CITYJKHBaHHeM.
M/c
3.7.4. Oco6eHHocTU B3Y cepHH AB3Y npoH3Bo,n:cTBa «BeTpo3H»
B ycnoBHoe 0603HaqeHHe 3TOM B3Y BXO,ll;HT 6YKBeHHoe 0603HaqeHHe
(arperaT BeTp03JIeKTpHqeCKHH YHHIjJHUHpOBaHHbIM) H QHIjJPbI, nepBa5i H3 KOTO-
pbIX orrpe,ll;eJIHeT ,lI;HaMeTp BeTpoKOJIeCa B MeTpax, BTOpa5i, (HaIIpHMep 4) -
MOll\HOCTb YCTaHOBJIeHHOrO reHepaTopa B KUJIOBaTTax.
AB3Y - O,ll;HH H3 oTpa60TaHHbIx C HaJIaJKeHHbIM cepHHHbIM IIp0113BO,ll;CT-
BOM 83Y ManoH MOll\HOCTH [12]. Ero OCHOBHa5i oc06eHHocTb - aBTOMaTHqe-
CKaH YCTaHoBKa BeTpoKOJIeCa Ha BeTep C nOMOIl{bIO BHH,u;p03HOro MexaHH3Ma H
nOMepJKaHHe HOMHHanbHoH CKOpOCTH BpallIeHHH (IIpH CKOpOCTJlX BeTpa,
IIpeBbImalOIl{HX paCqeTHYIO) 3a CqeT H3MeHeHHH yrJIa YCTaHoBKH JIOnacTeH. B
TO JKe BpeMH OHa OTnHqaeTCH ,lI;OCTaTOqHOH npOCTOTOH H Ha,lI;eJKHOCTbIO.
rOJIOBKa B3Y CO,ll;epJKHT UHJIHH,u;pH'leCKHll ,u;ByxcryIIeH"IaTbIH pe,ll;YKTOp
C IIepe,u;aTOqHbIM OTHomeHHeM 6,521, pa3MeIl{eHHbIH B JIHTOM qyryHHOM KOp-
nyce H YCTaHOBJIeHHbIH Ha qepBJlqHbIH pe)J;yKTop BHH,u;p03bI, KOTOpbIH, B CBOIO
Oqepe,ll;b, >KeCTKO coe,ll;HHeH C 6aruHeH. B ee IIepe,u;HeH 'IaCTH Ha OCM rJIaBHOrO
BaJIa pacIIonaraeTcH BeTpOKOJIeCO, BKJIIOqalOllIee ,u;Be JIOIIaCTH H peryJIJlTop qac-
TOTbi BpallIeHHH. PerYJIHpOBaHHe OCYllIeCTBJIHeTCJI 3a CqeT H3MeHeHHH ueHTpo-
6eJKHOH CHJIbI Ha rpY3ax, paCIIOJIOJKeHHbIX B ueHTpe KOpOTKMX BaJIOB, K KOTO-
pbIM KpeIIHTcH JIOIIaCTH. IIo,u; ,u;eHcTBHeM 3TOH CHJIbI OHH CTpeMHTCH pa3Bep-
HYTbCH B nJIOCKOCTb BpallIeHHH JIOIIacTeH.
B «ruTaTHbIX» AB3Y IIpHMeHJIIOTCH KopoTKHe JIOIIaCTH H3 MeTaJIJIa, pac-
CqHTaHHbIe Ha HOMHHaJIbHYIO CKOpOCTb BpameHHH 250 06/MHH. B BapHaHTax
B3Y C roJIOBKaMH AB3Y, IIOKa3aHHbIX Ha IjJOTO (CM. pHC. 3.33, A,B), YCTaHoB-
JIeHbI JIOnaCTH IjJHpMbI «3cTa» )!;JIHHOM 3,5 M, a HOMHHaJIbHaH CKOpOCTb Bpall\e-
HHH BK COCTaBJIHeT 125 06/MHH.
MeXaHI13M OCTaHOBa AB3Y IIoCTpoeH IIO npMHUHIIY B03,l1;eMCTBHH Ha
3JIeMeHTbI perYJIHTOpa H pa3BopoTa JIOnaCTeH Ha oTpHuaTenbHbIe yrJIbI YCTaHo-
Ba; IIPH 3TOM IIpOHCXO,ll;HT a3po,u;HHaMH'leCKOe TOpMOJKeHMe BeTpoKOJIeCa Hero
IjJHKcaUHH B HeIIO,ll;BHJKHOM COCTOHHHH.
reHepaTOp COqJIeHHeTCH C pe)J;yKTopOM qepe3 MaCCHBHbIH IIepexo,u;HOH
IjJJIaHeu C YCTaHOBJIeHHOH B HeM 6bICTpOXO,ll;HOH ruecTepHeH npH IIOMOllIH 3na-
CTHqHOH MYIjJTbI.
KaK OTMeqanOCb, Ha ,lI;BYX B3Y 3TOro THIIa (CM. pHC. 3.33, A,B) YCTa-
HOBJIeHbI CMHXpoHHbIe reHepaTopbI THna B3r MOll\HOCTbIO 5 H 7,5 KBT.
III
I
Ii
UI
III !
il
I
I :
II1I
II
ill!1
I
" 11
III
11"
n
142
rnaBa 3. CMHXpoHHble reHepaTopbl
npMMepbl nocTpOeHMJI B3Y C CMHXpOHHblMM reHepaTopaMM
143
3.7.5. Xap3lUepHCTHKH pa60TLI B3Y cepHH AB3Y-4
C CUHXPOHHLlM reHepaTopoM B3r -5-750
Pe3YJIbTaTbI HcnbITaHHH MO,ll;epHH3HpoBaHHoH 83Y cepHH «BeTp03H» C
B3r 5-750 HCIIonb30BaHbI )I;JIH rrpoBepKH 3MIIHpHqeCKHX COOTHOIlleHHH ,lI;JIH
K031jJljJ H UHeHToB C p , C:", Zopt. Zmax, IIocTpoeHHH 3aBHCHMOCTeH OCHOBHbIX a3-
po.u;HHaMHqeCKHX H 3HepreTHqeCKHX IIOKa3aTeneH OT CKOpOCTH BeTpa V 6 , K031jJ-
IjJHUHeHTa 6bICTPOXO.u;HOCTH Z H qaCTOTbI BpallIeHHH BeTpoKOJIeCa n 6K o
83Y IiMeeT .u;BYXJIOIIacTHYIO BeTporyp6HH}' C ,lI;HaMeTpOM BeTpoKOJIeCa
6,8 M. JJ:nHHa XOp.u;bI JIOnaCTH Ha IIepHljJepHH COCTaBJIHeT bneputjJ= 0,367M (4% OT
D BK ), a K031jJIjJHIJ;HeHT 3aIIOJIHeHHH Ha nepHljJepHH JIOIIaCTH
21nbnepu,p
anepu,p = D - 0,16.
A3po.u;HHaMHqeCKHH IIpOIjJHJIb JIOIIaCTH - 15-IIpoueHTHbIH MO.u;HIjJHUHPO-
BaHHbIH aHrJIHHCKHH BHHTOBOH IIPOIjJHJIb.
B npouecce HCIIbITaHHH H3MepHnacb CKOpOCTb BeTpa V 6 (M/c), qaCTOTa
BpallIeHHH BeTpOKOJIeCa n 6K , MeXaHH'-IeCKHH MOMeHT BeTpOTyp6HHbI MMex (HM),
3JIeKTpHqeCKaH MOllIHOCTb Ha BbIXO,ll;e cr P (BT). Pa36poc H3MepeHHblx napa-
MeTpOB, 06YCJIOBJIeHHbIH KOJIe6aHHHMIi CKOpOCTIi BeTpa, nO,ll;BeprHYT KOMDbIO-
TepHoH 06pa60TKe H B ycpe.u;HeHHoM BlUle npe,ll;CTaBJIeH Ha pHC. 3.37.
MeXaHHqeCKaH MOllIHOCTb Ha BaJIY 8K IIonyqeHa 113 COOTHOIlleHWI
P Mex = MMexQBK,
r,ll;e QBK = 11: n 6 ,/30.
06IIIHH KIIJJ:, yqHTblBaIOIIIHH nOTepH B TpaHCMHCCHH H B reHepaTOpe,
OIIpe.u;eJIeH H3 COOTHOIlleHHH
n BK MMex p I 10' 11
06 I 1_
Miiii H 1o:8T nfe.J:
140 80010 P Mex -
T '.1'9 I
tj I
600 8 6 7 8.9 10
'Y 11
120 n_ 6.1 Af-l0 11
400 6 1) 'l /8
100 3/ 7
5 /
200 4 MMex 2/3/' 4/ 6
80 :J...,t: ....... / 5
0 2 Ii( 2 f ,4
60 2 _3
1 V
o
2
10
12
M/C
6
8
4
PHC. 3.37. 3HCpreTH'ICCKHC xapaKTCpHcTHKH B3Y AB3Y-5
B pe3YJIbTaTe MOryT 6bITb IIonyqeHbI KpHBbIe Cp(Z) H KTIJJ: TJo6riZ), a
TaKJKe 6e3pa3MepHaJI xapaKTepHcTHKa MOMeHTOB
MMex
2 2
pv 6 1lD 6K R
2 4 6K
3TH 3aBHCHMOCTH, a TaKJKe KpHBaH TJ:JJI(Z) IIpHBe.u;eHbI Ha pHC. 3.38.
P(v e )
1706U1 = P ( ) '
Mex v 6
npH 3TOM KTIJJ: TpaHcMHccHH IIPHHHT nOCTOHHHbIM TJ-.p = 0,9, a KIIJJ: cr
1706U1
17 cz =09'
,
K03IjJIjJHIJ;HeHT MOmHOCTH B3Y C p MOJKeT 6bITb paCCqHTaH no 1jJ0pMyne
P
C p = 3 2
pv 6 7( D 6K
-;;-1706U1
r,ll;e p = 1,2 Kr/M 3 - IIJIOTHOCTb B03)J;yxa DPH 06bIqHbIX aTMocljJepHbIX YCJIOBHJIX.
B COOTBeTCTBHH C H3MepeHHoH qaCTOTOH BpameHHH !I BK OIIpe,ll;eneHbI KO-
31jJljJHWIeHTbI 6bICTPOXO,ll;HOCTH Z, cooTBeTcTBYIOIl{He TeM JKe 3HaqeHHHM CKO-
pocTeH BeTpa, qTO H BenHqHHbI C p H TJo6Il\:
Z = Q6K R 6K
V '
r,ll;e R BK - HaPYJKHbIH pa,ll;HYc BeTpOKOneca.
C p
C=-
M Z
C p
1106
C M
11 :m
0,08 0,8
0,06 0,6
0,04 0,4
0'02 0,2
0
0 z
PHC. 3.38. 6c3pa3McpHblC 3HCpreTH'ICCKHC xapaKTcpHcTHKH
n
1 II1
'I
II11
II!
II
:' i
II:I!
I
,I
1 111
Iii
III
I1II
I 'II
144
rnaBa 3. CMHXpoHHble reHepaTopbl
KaK BH,u;HO, 06JIacTH MaKCHManbHbIX 3HaqeHHH CM' Cp If 11 nOqTH COB-
na)l;aIOT. 3KcnepHMeHTanbHbIe TOqKH, IIpOHYMepOBaHHbIe Ha pHC. 3.37 OT 1 ,lI;O
11, cooTBeTcTBYIOT TOqKaM Ha pHC. 3.38 C TeMH >Ke HOMepaMH.
JJ:nH aHanH3a BJIHHHHH CKOpOCTH BeTpa Ha MOII(HOCTHYIO xapaKTepHCTHKY
IIonyqeHO H nocTpoeHo (PHC. 3.39) CeMeHCTBO KpHBbIX P(nBlJ H P(QBJ ,lI;JIH PH-
,lI;a onpe,ll;eJIeHHbIX 3HaqeHHH CKOpOCTH BeTpa. KpHBaJI, IIpOXO)I;HII(aJI qepe3 TOq-
KH MaKCHMaJIbHOH MOII(HOCTH, MOJKeT 6bITb IIpH6JIHJKeHHO aIIIIpoKcHMHpoBaHa
3aBHCHMOCTHMH
Pmax = 0,0026nJBKom
HnH
P max = 2,22 QJ BK om ,
r,ll;e ,lI;JIH Kaj[()J;oro 3HaqeHHH CKOpOCTH BeTpa VB = const OTMeqeHa BeJIHqHHa
OnTHMaJIbHOH qaCTOTbi BpaII(eHHH n BK om.
Hanp11Mep, ,lI;JIH XapaKTepHCTHKH, IIOCTpOeHHOH IIPH CKOpOCTH VB = 9M1c,
n BK om=12506/MHH, QBK om =13,1 I/c, IIPH 3TOM MaKCHMaJIbHaJ'! 3neKTpH"IeCKaJI
MOIl{HOCTb cr paBHa P =4986 BT. I
P'10 3
Pmax
8 ?L 6 -5
.....4 V=9Mlc
I / ......... 3
I 8 /5 4 I
11 P""7 t N ..:::::..V-,.r/c ,
11.- 10 Y=5Mlc 2 "7
-9 8765 4
KBT
6
5
4
3
2
o
40 50 60 70 80 90 100 no 120 130 140 ISO 160 170 n, 06/MOH
j I f I Iff t I I I
6 7 9 10 n 12 13 14 IS 16 17 18 Q,l/c
PHC. 3.39. XapaKTepHcTHKH MOIQHOCTH AB3Y-5
npH IJIHKcHpoBaHHoii CKOpOCTH BeTpa
CeMeHCTBO MOMeHTHbIX xapaKTepHCTHK MMex(n BK ) (PHC. 3.40) npH oIIpe-
,lI;eJIeHHbIX CKOpOCTHX BeTpa VB IIonyqeHo H3 COOTHOIIIeHHH
p
MMex =
1] 06",Q6K
H MOJKeT 6bITb HCnOJIb30BaHO IIPH BbI60pe THna BeTpOKOneCa )!;JIH OIIpe,ll;eneH-
Horo reHepaTOpa.
KPHBaH, npOXO)I;HII(aH qepe3 TOqKH MaKCHManbHOro MeXaHHqeCKOrO
MOMeHTa, annpOKcHMHpyeTcH 3aBHCHMOCTbIO
npMMepbl nOCTpOeHMJI B3Y C CMHXpOHHblMM reHepaTopaMM
145
MMex max = 0,0388 n 2 BK om
HJIH
MMex max = 3,54 Q2 BK om.
Male"
I
MMex.max y
10 ,; ?: 6
II V/ N V=9""c
10 L.-WA 6 r' k'
Il,.. -5 /': 7""<
I--V i"' 2 ,.-
IO 65 4 .t 1 r--.:
Il,.. :A 7 -..... 3 ,-l-
1"- I --,...... V=ISM1j' I
H'M
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
O sO 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 0.06lMHH
; ;0 ;11 ;31 1'516 1 1 i1,1,;
PHC. 3.40. XapaKTepHcTHKH MeXaHH'IeCKOI'O MOMeHTa BeTpOKOJIeCa AB3Y-S
5£CHO qTO IIpHBe.u;eHHble COOTHOIIIeHHH )!;JIH anIIpoKcHMaUHH 3aBHCHMO-
CTeH MOIl{H CTH H MOMeHTa He YHlfBepCaJIbHbI H 6y.u;YT MH,lI;HBH,lI;YaJIbHbI .u;nH
Kaj[()J;oro orrpe.u;eJIeHHOrO THIIa B3Y.
KOHTpOJlbHble BonpOCbI
1. Ib06pa3HTe KOHCTpYKTHBHYIO cxeMY CHHXpOHHOH MaIIIHHbI.
2. IIoHcHHTe IIpHHIJ;Hn .u;eHcTBHH cr.
3. HallHIII11Te BbIpaJKeHHe.u;JIH 3JJ:C ljJa3bI cr.
4. IIoHcHHTe IjJH3HqeCK11e npoueccbI IIPH IIepexo.u;e CM 113 reHepaTopHoro B
,lI;BlITaTeJIbHbIH peJKI1M.
5. IIoHcHHTe IjJH3H'IeCKHe IIpoueccbI H ,lI;eHCTBHH peaKIJ;UH HKOpH cr.
6. HaIIHruHTe ypaBHeHHH 3JIeKTpHqeCKOrO paBHOBeCHH )!;JIH HeJlBHOIIOJIIOC-
Horo H HBHOnOJIIOCHOrO cr.
7. IIoHcHHTe IjJH3H'-1eCKlfH CMbIcn H 3aIIHruHTe COOTHOIIIeHHe )!;JIH CHHXPOH-
HOro HH,lI;YKTHBHoro conpOTHBJIeHHH.
8. If306pa3HTe YIIpOIl{eHHbIe BeKTopHbIe ,lI;HarpaMMbI HeHBHononIOCHoro H
HBHOIIonIOCHoro cr.
9. IIpHBe,ll;HTe BHeruH11e H peryJIHpOBOqHbIe xapaKTepHCTHKU aBTOHOMHoro
cr io. Ha30BHTe YCJIOBHJI BKJIIO"IeHHH cr Ha napaJIJIeJIbHYIO pa60TY c ceTbIO H
IIOCJIe,ll;CTBHJI ux HapyrueHHH.
II
I
146
rnaBa 3. CMHXpoHHble reHepaTopbl
rnaBa 4. CMHXpoHHble reHepaTopbl
C nOCTORHHblMM MarHMTaMM
147
ill
11. IIoHcHHTe lIPHHll.HII perYJIHpOBaHHH peaKTHBHOH MOIIJ;HOCTH cr IIPH pa-
60Te Ha ceTb.
12. IIoHcHHTe IIOPMOK perYJIHpOBaHHH peaKTHBHoH MOIIJ;HOCTH cr VpH pa-
60Te Ha CCTb.
13. IIpHBe.u;HTe V-06pa3HbIe xapaKTepHCTHKH CM lIPH pa3JIHqHbIX 3HaqeHH-
HX MOllIHOCTH H TOKa B036YJK.u;eHHH.
14. IIpHBe,ll;HTe yrJIOBbIe xapaKTepHcTHKH pa3JIHqHbIX THIIOB cr.
15. HaIIHruHTe cooTHorueHHH)!;JIH 3JIeKTpOMamHTHoH MOIIJ;HOCTH pa3JIHq-
HbIX THIIOB cr.
16. IIoHcHHTe BOIIpOCbI CTaT11qeCKOH H ,lI;HHaMHqeCKOH YCTOHqHBOCTH IIPH
pa60Te cr Ha ceTb.
17. Ha30BHTe OCHOBHbIe oc06eHHOCTH ljJu3HQeCKHX IIpoueccoB IIPH pa60Te
cr Ha BbIlIpJlMHTeJIbHYIO HarpY3KY.
18. If306pa3HTe IIpHHUHIIHanbHYIO cxeMY 6eCKOHTaKTHOrO cr C B036y.u;HTe-
JIeM.
19. If306pa3HTe IIpHHUHnHanbHYIO cxeMY CAPH cr.
20. Ha30BHTe oc06eHHOCTH KOHCTpYKUHH reHepaTopa cepHH rcc.
21. Oc06eHHocTH KOHCTpYKUHH THXOXO,ll;HOrO cr MaJIOH MOIl{HOCTH.
22. Ha30BHTe OCHOBHbIe TeXHH'IeCKHe ,lI;aHHbIe H oc06eHHocTH KOHCTPYKll.HH
B3Y AB 250C.
23. PaCCKaJKHTe oc06eHHOCTH B3Y MaJIOH MOIl{HOCTH YB3 -10.
24. Ha30BHTe oc06eHHocTH B3Y cepHH AB3Y IIpOH3BO,ll;CTBa «BeTp03H».
r JIaBa 4.
CHHxpoHHbIe reHepaTophl C nOCTOHHHbIMH MarHHTaMH
:11
4.1. 06 aH xapaKTepHcTHKa
1111
CHHXpOHHbIe reHepaTopbI C B036YJK.u;eHHeM OT IIOCTOJlHHbIX MarmfTOB
(CrIIM) IIpHMeHHlOTCH B OCHOBHOM B aBTOHOMHbIX YCTaHOBKax 3JIeKTpOCHa6-
JKeHHH, B aBHaUHOHHbIX H aBTOM0611nbHbIX YCTaHOBKax H TaxoreHepaTopax.
K npeHMYIl{eCTBaM reHepaTopOB C nOCTOHHHbIMH MarHHTaMH OTHOCHTCH
BbICOKaH Ha,lI;eJKHOCTb, npOCTOTa KOHCTPYKUHH H 06CJIYJKHBaHHH, CBH3aHHbIe C
OTCYTCTBHeM CKOJIb3HllIHX KOHTaKTOB H BpaliialOllIeHcH 06MOTKH, aBTOHOM-
HOCTb, TaK KaK He Tpe6yeTCH IIOCTOHHHbIH TOK )!;JIH B036YJK,lI;eHHH, MeHbIDHH Ha-
rpeB 6JIaro.u;apH OTCYTCTBHIO IIOTepb Ha B036Yj[()J;eHHe. BMeCTe C TeM CrIIM
06JIa,ll;alOT PMOM He.u;ocTaTKoB, HaH60nee cYIl{eCTBeHHbIMH H3 KOTOpbIX HBJIH-
IOTCH CnOJKHOCTb peryJIHpOBaHHH H cTa611nH3aUHH HarrpHJKeHHH, OrpaH11qeHHaH
IIpe.u;eJIbHaH MOIl{HOCTb H3-3a cpaBHHTeJIbHO He60nbIDOH y.u;eJIbHOH 3HeprnH IIO-
CTOHHHbIX MarHHTOB, IIOBbIIlleHHaH Macca Y reHepaTopOB cpe.u;Hei1 MOIl{HOCTH.
BMeCTe C TeM COBpeMeHHbIe TeXHOJIOrHH IIpOH3BO,ll;CTBa BbICOKOK03PUHTHBHbIX
MarHHTOB II03BOJIHIOT C03,l1;aTb 6eCKOHTaKTHbIe reHepaTopbI C neBbIIlleHHbIM
KTI)J: .u;JIH Ha,ll;eJKHOH pa60TbI B THJKenbIX ycnoBHHX 3KCIIJIyaTaUHH BeTp03JIeK-
TpH'-leCKHX YCTaHOBOK (B3Y).
EOJIbruHHCTBO CrTIM, IIpHMeHHeMbIx B HaCTOHIl{ee BpeMH, HMeeT Mar-
HHTHYIO cHCTeMY C BpaliialOIl{HMHCH IIOCTOHHHbIMH MarHHTaMH. II03TOMY Mar-
HHTHbIe CHCTeMbI OTJIHqaIOTCH D:Pyr OT .u;pyra B OCHOBHOM KOHCTpYKUHei1 pOTO-
pa (HHD:YKTOpa).
I
, I I!IIII
IlL
I
I
I H
III
III
!II
4.2. KOHCTpYKD.HH reHepaTopoB C nOCTOHHHbIMH MarHHTaMH
III
CTaTOp cmM cO,ll;epJK11T THnHqHbIH ,lI;JIH 3neKTpHqeCKoi1 MaruHHbI WI-
nHH.u;pHqeCKHH naKeT, Ha6paHHbIH H3 JIHCTOB 3JIeKTpOTeXHHqeCKOH CTaJIH, Ha
BHYTpeHHeH IIOBepXHOCTH KOTOpOro paCIIOJIOJKeHbI lIa3bI )!;JIH pa3MellIeHHH 06-
MOTKH HKOpH. B OTJIHqHe OT 06bIqHbIX C11HXPOHHbIX MaruHH pa60qHH 3a30p
Mej[()J;Y cTaTopoM 11 pOTOpOM B CmM BbI6HpaIOT MHHHMaJIbHbIM, Hcx03H H3
TeXHOJIOrHqeCKHX B03MOJKHOCTeH. KOHCTPYKUHH pOTopa B 3HaqHTeJIbHOH CTe-
neHH oIIpe.u;eJIHeTCH MarHHTHbIMH H TeXHOJIOrHqeCKHMH CBOHCTBaMH MarHHTOT-
Bep.u;oro MaTepHaJIa [18,79].
HaH60JIee lIpOCTbIM HBJIHeTCH pOTOp C MOHOJIHTHbIM UHJIHH,u;pHqeCKHM
MarH11TOM KOnbIJ;e06pa3HOrO THIIa (p11c. 4.1, a). MarHHT 1 BbIIIOJIHeH nHTbIM,
lIanpHMep, H3 CIIJIaBOB 1OHAK, HeOD:11M-JKeJIe30-60pa mill CaMapHH-K06aJIbTa.
Pe)Ke npHMeHHIOT ljJeppHTbI. MarHHT 1 KpenHTcH Ha BaJIY C lIOMOllIbIO BryJIKH
2, HaIIpHMep, H3 CIInaBa aJIIOMHHHH. HaMarHHqHBaHHe MarHHTa IIPOH3BO.u;HTCH
(
!!II
IIII
I
!
!
:1
II
II
11 1 '1
,i I
III I
III
148
rnaBa 4. CMHXpoHHble reHepaTopbl
C nOCTOJlHHblMM MarHMTaMM
KOHCTPYKL4MM reHepaTopoB C nOCTOJlHHblMM MarHMTaMM
149
qeHHbIe B TaHreHUHanbHoM HaIIpaBJIeHHH. Y CTaHaBJIHBaIOTCH MarHHTbI BHYT-
peHHHMH TOpUaMH Ha HeMarHHTHYIO BTYJIKY 3 TaK, qTo6bI IIOJIHpHOCTb CMeJK-
HbIX IIOCTOHHHbIX MarHHTOB 6bma olIHHaKoBoH. JJ:JIH 06eCIIeqeHHH MeXaHHqe-
CKOH IIPOqHOCTH KOHCTPYKUHH Ha MarHHTbI HaKJIa,lI;bIBaIOTCH BCTaBKH 4 H3 He-
MarHHTHOrO MaTepHaJIa, cBapHBaeMbIe JIH60 C MarnHTOMHrKllMH yqaCTKaMH
(IIOJIIOCHbIMH HaKOHeqHHKaMH) 5 UHJIHH,lI;pHqeCKOrO 6aH.u;aJKa,. JIH60
HeIIocpe,ll;cTBeHHo C IIomocaMH 1.
ll1HpoKoe pacrrpocTpaHeHlle IIOJIyqHJIH pOTOpbI 3Be3,l1;006pa3Horo THIIa C
HBHO BbIpaJKeHHbIMH nOJIIOCaMH 6e3 IIOJIIOCHbIX 6aIIIMaKOB (PHC. 4.3, a). 3,l1;eCb
MarH11T-3Be3.u;OqKY 1 qallIe KpeIIJlT Ha BaJIY C IIOMOllIbIO 3anHBKH HeMarHHTHbIM
CIInaBOM 2. Am CHllJKeHHH pa3MarHH'-IHBaIOllIero ,lI;eHCTBHH IIonH peaKUHH HKO-
pH IIPH y.u;apHOM TOKe KOpOTKOro 3aMbIKaHHH Ha pOTope B pMe CJIyqaeB IIpe.u;y-
CMaTpllBaeTCH .u;eMnljJep 3, KOTOpbIH 06pa3yeTcH IIYTeM 3aJIHBKll pOTopa aJIIO-
MHHHeM. If3MeHHH KOHIjJHrypaWIIO IIOJIIOCHbIX 6alliMaKoB, MOJKHO nOJIyqHTb
Tpe6yeMYIO 1jJ0pMY KpHBOH 3AC B pa60qeM 3a30pe reHepaTOpa.
Ha pHC. 4.3, 6 IIpHBe.u;eHa
KOHCTpyKIJ;HH c60pHoro pOTopa
3Be3.u;006pa3Horo THIIa C IIPH3-
MaTllqeCKHMll IIOCTOH HHbIMH
MarHHTaMH C IIOJIIOCHbIMH
6aIIIMaKaMH. Pa,lI;llaJIbHO Ha-
MarHHqeHHbIe MamHTbI 1 yc-
TaHOBJIeHbI Ha BTynKe 2 H3
MarHHTOMHrKOro MaTepHana.
Ha nOJIIOCbI MarHllTOB HaJIO-
JKeHbI IIOJIIOCHbIe 6aIIIMaKH 3
ll3 MarH11THOH CTanH. .D.JIH
06eCneqeHHH MeXaHHqeCKOH
npOqHOCTH 6aIIIMaKH IIpHBape-
HbI K HeMarH11THbIM BCTaBKaM 4, 06pa3YIOllIHM 6aHL\aJK. IIpOMeJKYTKH MeJK,lI;Y
MarHHTaMH MorYT 3a1IOJIHHTbCH anIOMHHHeBbIM CIIJIaBOM HJIH KOMIIaYH.u;OM. B
reHepaTopax, aKCHanbHaH .u;nHHa KOTOpbIX IIpeBbIlliaeT 40 MM, MarHHTHaH CHC-
TeMa pOTopa c06HpaeTCH H3 HeCKonbKHX MarHHTOB, pacnOJIaraeMbIx B.u;OJIb OCH
Bana.
K He.u;OCTaTKaM pOTOpOB 3Be3.u;006pa3Horo THIIa C IIOJIIOCHbIMH 6aruMa-
KaMll CJIe.u;yeT OTHeCTll ycnOJKHeHHe KOHCTPYKUH11 H YMeHbIlleHHe 3aIIOJIHeHHH
MarHHTaMH 06'beMa pOTopa.
B reHepaTopax C 60JIblliHM qHCJIOM IIOJIIOCOB IllllpOKO HCIIOJIb3yeTcH
KOHCTPYKUHH pOTopa C Korre06pa3HbIMH nOnIOCaMH. Korre06pa3HbIH pOTOp
CO.u;epJKllT UHnHH,lI;pHqeCKllH MarHHT, HaMamHqeHHbIH B aKCHanbHOM HaIIpaB-
JIeHHH H pa3Meru;eHHbIH Ha HeMarHHTHOll BrynKe. K TopuaM MarHHTa IIpHMbI-
KaIOT IjJJIaHUbI H3 MarHHTOMHrKOH CTaJIH, HMeIOllIHe Korre06pa3HbIe BbIcTynbI,
B pa,ll;HanbHOM HaIIpaBJIeHHH Ha MHOrOnOJIIOCHOH HaMarHHqHBaIOllIeH YCTaHOB-
Ke. TaK KaK MeXaHH"IeCKaH IIPOqHOCTb MamHTOB HeBenHKa, TO IIPH BbICOKHX
JIHHeHHbIX CKOpOCTHX MarHHT IIOMellIaIOT B 060nOqKY (6aH.u;aJK) H3 HeMarHHT-
Horo MaTepHaJIa. '
TaKllM HBJIHeTCH C60PHbIH pOTOp
THIIa «3Be3,l1;OqKa» H3 OT,lI;eJIbHbIX CerMeH-
TOB 1 C HeMarHHTHoH cTanbHoll 060JIoq-
KOH 3 (PHC. 4.1, 6). HaMarHHqeHHbIe pa-
,lI;HanbHO CerMeHTHbIe MarHHTbI 1 YJIoJKe-
HbI Ha BryJIKY 2 ll3 MarHHTOMHrKOll CTaJI11
II JII06bIM cIIoc060M, HalIpHMep, C IIOMO-
llIbIO KJIeH, 3aKpeIIJIeHbI. reHepaTopbI C
pOTOpOM TaKOH KOHCTPYKUHH IIPH cTa6H-
nll3al{HH MarHHTa B cB060.u;HOM COCTOH-
HHH HMeIOT 1jJ0PMY KpHBOH 3JJ:C, 6JIH3-
KYIO K CHHYCOH.u;aJIbHOH. He.u;ocTaTKoM
pOTOpOB C MOHonHTHbIM UHJIHH,lI;pHqeCKllM MarHHTOM HBJIHeTCH HH3Koe HCIIOJIb-
30BaHHe 06'beMa MarHHTa BCJIe.u;CTBHe He60JIblliOll ,lI;nHHbI Cpe,ll;HeH CI1JIOBOH
JIHHHH IIOJIIOCa h M . C YBeJIHqeHHeM qHCJIa nOJIIOCOB 3HaqeHHe h M YMeHblliaeTcH
H HCIIOJIb30BaHHe 06'beMa MarHHTa YXY,lI;IllaeTcH. POTOpbI C U11nHH.u;pHqeCKHMll
MarHHTaMH IIpHMeHHIOTcH B reHepaTopax MOru;HOCTbIO.u;O 300 B.A.
MOJKHO BbI,lI;eJIHTb ,lI;Be OCHOBHbIX pa3HOBH,lI;HOCTH C60PHbIX pOTOpOB C
npH3MaTH'-IeCKHMH MamHTaMH: THna «3Be3,l1;OqKa» (CM. pHC. 4.1, 6) H KOJIJIeK-
TopHoro THIIa (PHC. 4.2). B IIepBoM cnyqae IIpHMeHHIOT MamHTbI C pa,ll;Hanb-
HbIM, a BO BTOpOM - C TaHreHUHaJIbHbIM HaMarHHqHBaHHeM.
KOHCTpYKUHH c60pHoro pOTOpa
THIIa «3Be3,l1;OqKa» (CM. pHC. 4.1, 6) co-
,lI;epJKHT HaMarHHqeHHbIe B pa,ll;HaJIbHOM
HaIIpaBJIeHH11 IIOCTOHHHbIe MarHHTbI
(TIM) 1, KOTopbIe CBOHMH BHYTpeHHHMH
TOPUaMH IIpHMbIKaIOT K MarHHToMHrKoH
3 BTYJIKe 2, 3aKpenJIeHHOH Ha BaJIY reHepa-
Topa, H HX HapYJKHbIe TOpUbI, IIpHcoelIH-
4 HHIOllIHecH K MarHHTOMHrKllM yqaCTKaM
6aH.u;a>Ka 3. TaKHM 06pa30M, Ha IIoBepx-
HOCTH pOTopa C03,l1;aIOTCH nOJIIOCa qepe-
.u;YIOru;eHcH nOJIHpHOCTH.
POTOP (HH.u;YKTOp) KOJIJIeKTopHoro
THIIa (CM. pllC. 4.2) COCTOHT H3 Mar-
HHTOMHrKHX IIOJIIOCOB 1 B BH,u;e cerMeH-
Puc. 4.2. KOHCTPYKqU" C60pHOl'O po- TOB, MeJK,lI;y KOTOpbIMH paCIIOnOJKeHbI
Topa KOJlJleKTOpHoro Tuna IIpH3MaTHqeCKHe MarHHTbI 2, HaMarHH-
$ 1 1
1.N 2 $ 2
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S s
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PUC. 4.1. POTOpLI C qUJluHJ\pu'Ie-
CKUM MarHUTOM:
a - MOnOJlUmn",u; 6 - e6opn",u
a
6
PUC. 4.3. POTOpLI 3Be3J\oo6pa3Horo Tuna:
U - 6e3 nOJ?IDe"",X 6UlUMUK06; 6 -c6opn",u e no-
JlIDen"VHU 6UlU,HUKflMU
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rnaBa 4. CMHXpoHHble reHepaTopbl
C nOCTOJlHHblMM MarHMTaMM
KOHCTPYK4MM reHepaTopoB C nOCTOJlHHblMM MarHMTaMM
151
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PHC. 4.4. 3CKH3 pa3pa6oTaHHOl'O
pOTopa Ha OCHOBe Mal'HHTOB H3 CnJlaBa
Heo):\HM-"'eJle30-6op:l - .MaZHUmbl; 2-
:JJle.MeHmbl «6eJlUlfbeZO KOJleCm;; 3 - 6QJl
ce6H BpallIaIOIIJ;yIOcH BTynKY C 3aKpenJIeHHbIMH Ha HeH pa60qHMH JIOIIaCTHMH H
06eqaHKY, Ha KOTOpOH 3aKpeIIJIeHbI BbICOKOK03PUHTHBHbIe IIM.
Cyru;ecTBYIOT KOHCTPYKUHH pOTOpOB C pa3JIHqHbIMH KOM6HHaUHHMH TIM:
C IIOCJIe,ll;OBaTenbHbIM H IIapaJInenbHbIM BKJIIOqeHHeM MJJ:C MarHHTOB, C pery-
nHpoBaHlleM HaIIpHJKeHHH 3a CqeT oceBoro IIepeMellIeHHH pOTopa OTHOCHTeJIbHO
cTaTopa, CHCTeMbI COBMeCTHoro perYJIHpOBaHHH B036YJK.u;eHHH crIIM OT IIM H
IIapaJIJIenbHO pa60TaIOllIeH 3JIeKTpOMarHHTHOH 06MOTKOH H ,lI;p.
AJIH 6e3pep;yKTopHbIX BeTp03neKTpH'-leCKHX YCTaHoBoK nyqruHM pemeHH-
eM HBJIHeTCH IIpHMeHeHHe crIIM MHOrOIIOJIIOCH.OrO I1CnOJIHeH11H. IfMeeTCH
OIIbIT B repMaHHH, B .u;pyrHx cTpaHax H B YKpaHHe IIO pa3pa60TKe H IIpHMeHe-
HHIO THXOXO,ll;HbIX reHepaTopoB )!;JIH 6e3pe,ll;YKTOpHbIX B3Y C qaCTOTOH BpaIl{e-
HHH 125 - 375 06/MHH. KOHCTPYKUHH o.u;Horo H3 BapHaHTOB TaKoro reHepaTopa
IIpe.u;CTaBJIeHa Ha pHC. 4.5.
I13-3a rnaBHoro Tpe60Ba-
HHH .u;JIH 6e3pe)J;yKTopHoro B3Y
- HMeTb HH3Kyro qaCToTY BpallIe-
HHH reHepaTopa - ra6apHTbI H
Macca CrnM IIOJIyqaIOTCH 3a-
BbIIlleHHbIMH IIO CpaBH.eHHIO C
BbICOKo060pOTHbIMH reHepaTo-
paMH, HaIIp11Mep, TpaKTopHbIMH
HJIH aBTOM06HJIbHbIMH C npH-
MepHo o.u;HHaKoBoH MOru;HOCTbIO.
B KopIIyce 1 (CM. pHC. 4.5) pa3-
MellIeH 06bIqHbIH cTaTop 2 C 06-
MOTKOH 3. POTOP (HH,lI;YKTOp) 4 C
HaKJIeeHHbIMH Ha HapYJKHOH IIO-
BepxHocTH IIJIaCTHHKaM11 5 H3
HeO)I;HM-JKeJIe30-60pa YCTaHoB-
JIeH Ha BaJIY 6 C IIO.u;ruHIIHHKaMH
7. KOPIIYC 1 3aKpeIIneH Ha OCHO-
BaHHH 8. CBH3aHHOM C OIIOpOH
B3Y, a pOTOp 4 coe.u;HHeH C Ba-
JIOM BeTpOTyp6HHbI (Ha pHC. 4.5
He IIOKa3aHO).
3KcrrnyaTaQHH CrnM IIO-
Ka3bIBaeT BbICOKYIO 31jJIjJeKTHB-
HOCTb H Ha)I;eJKHOCTb TaKHX re-
HepaTopOB B CHCTeMe 3JIeKTpO-
reHepHpOBaHHH B3Y.
JJ:nJl 31jJljJeKTHBHoro oCJIa6JIeH11H 06-
paTHo BpallIaIOru;erocH MarHHTHOrO
IIOJIH HKOpH 06MOTKY BbIIIonHHIOT H3
Me.u;HbIX CTepJKHeH H KOpoTK03aMbI-
KaIOIl{HX KOJIeu 60JIbIIIOrO CeqeHHH.
HaIIpHMep, Ha pHC. 4.4 npHBe.u;eHa
cxeMa pOTopa Ha OCHOBe TIM II3
CnJIaBa Heo.u;IIM-JKeJIe30-60p [18].
qeTblpe rrOCTOHHHbIX MarH11Ta
YCTaHOBJIeHbI TaK, '-IT06bI 06pa30-
BaTb qepe)J;yIOllIYIOcH nocne.u;OBa-
TeJIbHOCTb MarHHTHbIX nOJIIOCOB Ha
nOBepxHocTH pOTopa. B KaqeCTBe
cTaTopa HCnOJIb30BaH cTaTOp TH-
IIHqHOrO C11HXpOHHoro reHepaTopa.
IIpe.u;cTaBJIHeT HHTepec KOH-
CTPYKUHH CrTIM, BCTpoeHHaH B
CTPYKTYPY MHHH-r3C [61] . 3.u;ecb
pOTOp C IIM H3 Heo.u;HM-JKene30-
60pa KaK e.u;HHbIH Y3eJI BKJIIOqaeT B
,
1
2
5
06pa3YIOllIHe IIOJIIOCbI. Bce BbICTyrrbI neBoro IjJJIaHUa HBJIHIOTCH ceBepHbIMII
IIOJIIOCaMII, a BbICTyrrbI IIpaBOrO IjJJIaHua - IOJKHbIMH. BbICTYIIbI IjJJIaHueB qepe-
,lI;yroTCH IIO OKPYJKHOCTH pOTopa, 06pa3YH MHOrOIIOJIIOCHyro CHCTeMY B036YJK-
.u;eHHH. KpoMe Toro, BbICTyrrbI HrpaIOT pOJIb rrOJIIOCHbIX 6aruMaKoB. B reHepa-
Topax C Korre06pa3HbIM pOTOpOM MarHHTHbIH nOTOK 3aMbIKaeTCH B pal.manbHO-
oceBOM HaIIpaBJIeHHH H II03TOMY ,lI;11aMeTp MarHHTa .u;OJIJKeH 6bITb .u;OCTaTOq-
HbIM, qT06bI 'Iepe3 Hero Mor IIpOHTH pa60qHH MarHHTHbIH IIOTOK Bcex IIonIOC-
HbIX BbIcTynoB O.u;HOH nOJIHpHOCTH. He.u;OCTaTKaMH pOTOpOB 3Toro THIIa HBJIH-
IOTCH OTHOCHTeJIbHaJI CnOJKHOCTb KOHCTpyKIJ;HH, TPY,ll;HOCTb HaMarHIIqHBaHHH
MarHHTa B C06paHHOM pOTope. 60JIbIIIHe IIOTOKH pacceHHHH. ManaH creneHb 3a-
IIonHeHHH MarHHTOM 06'beMa pOTopa.
PaCCMOTpeHHbIe THllbI pOTOpOB HBJIHIOTCH HaH60JIee paCIIpOCTpaHeHHbI-
MH, HO .u;aneKO He HCqepIIblBaIOT KOHCTpYKTHBHbIe BapHaHTbI CrnM. B CBH3H C
COBepmeHCTBOBaHHeM TeXHOJIOrHH IIpOH3Bo.u;CTBa H B03pacTaIOruHM BbIIIYCKOM
BbICOKOK03PUHTHBHbIX MarH11TOB, HarrpHMep, caMapHH-K06aJIbT. Heo.u;IIM-
JKeJIe30-60p H .u;p., IIepcneKTHBHbIM IIpe,ll;CTaBJIHeTC5I IIpHMeHeHHe KOHCTpyKIJ;HH
CrIIM C 6eCIIa30BbIM CTaTopOM, C BHeIIIHHM BpallIaIOllIIIMCH HH.u;YKTOpOM, a
TaKJKe CrnM C ,lI;HCKOBbIM TopueBbIM pOTOpOM.
IIpH HCIIOnb30BaHHH CrIIM B KaqeCTBe aBTOHOMHoro HCTOqHIIKa 01lHO-
ljJa3Horo IIepeMeHHoro HaIIpHJKeHHH Ha pOTope paCIIOnaraeTCH IIpO,ll;OJIbHO-
IIOIIepeqHaH ,lI;eMIIljJepHaJI 06MOTKa.
"
PHC. 4.5. KOHCTPYKTHBHaH cxeMa crnM J\JlH
6e3pe):\YKTOpHOii B3Y:
1 - Kopnyc; 2 - cmamop; 3 - 06.MOmKa; 4 - po-
mop; 5 - lIllacmUHKU nocmORIlHblX .MaZHUm06
U3 Nd-Fe-B; 6 - 6QJl; 7 - noolUunHuKu; 8 - oc-
1l06aHUe
dli
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III
II
II
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III
I
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152
rnaBa 4. CMHXpoHHble reHepaTopbl
C nOCTOJlHHblMM MarHMTaMM
OCHOBHble CBoMcTBa M xapaKTepMCTMKM nOCTOJlHHblX MarHMTOB
153
4.3. OCHoBHb.e cBoiiCTBa II xapaKTeplicTIiKII
nOCTOHHHb.X MarHIITOB
CTpYKrypa MaTepHana paBHOOCHaJI. [(llljJpbI 0603HaqaIOT IIpoueHTHoe CO,ll;epJKa-
HHe 3JIeMeHTa. IIoJIBJIeHHe TaKllX CIIJIaBOB 3HaqHTeJIbHO paCIIIHpHJIO IIpHMeHe-
HHe nOCTOHHHbIX MamHTOB B pa3JIHqHbIX 06JIaCTHX TeXHHKH.
4.3.1. llapaMeTpLl u xapaluepHcTHKH cOBpeMeHHblx
MarHHTOTBep,lJ;bIX MaTepHaJJOB
Ta6JIHua 4.1
B MamHTHbIX uenJlx 3JIeKTpHqeCKHX MaruHH C B036y)[()J;eHHeM OT IIOCTO-
HHHbIX MarHHTOB IIpHMeHHIOT ,lI;Ba THIIa MarHHTHbIX MaTepHanoB - MamHTOMHr-
KHe H MarHHTOTBep,ll;bIe. IIepBbIe IfMeIOT Y3KYIO IIeTnIO rHCTepe3Hca H H3roTOB-
JIHIOTCH Ha OCHOBe HH3KoyrJIepO,ll;HCTOH CTaJIH, JKeJIe30HHKeJIeBbIX H JKeJIe-
30K06anbToBbIX crmaBOB, IIpH'-leM BTopbIe 06JIa,ll;aIOT 60nee BbICOKHMH 3Haqe-
HHHMH OCTaTOqHOH HH,u;yKUHH H K03PWITHBHOH CHJIbI, qTO II03BOJIHeT C03,l1;a-
BaTb MarHHTHbIH IIOTOK 3a CqeT HX c06cTBeHHoH HaMamHqeHHOCTH. OHH H3ro-
TaBJIHBaIOTCH H3 CIIJIaBOB Ha OCHOBe JKeJIe3a, aJIIOMHHHH, HHKeJIH, K06anbTa H
pe,ll;K03eMeJIbHbIX MaTepHanoB.
HaHnyqruHMH MaTepHanaMH ,u;JIH IIOCTOJlHHbIX MarHHTOB 3neKTpHqeCKHX
MaruHH 3HepreTHqeCKOrO Ha3HaqeHHH HBJIHIOTCH HHTepMeTannHqeCKHe COe,ll;H-
HeHHH Ha OCHOBe pe,ll;K03eMeJIbHbIX MaTepHaJIOB. K HHM OTHOCHTCH coe,u;HHeHHH
K06aJIbTa (Co) C caMapHeM (S), a TaKJKe OTKpbITbIe CpaBHHTeJIbHO He,ll;aBHO
CIInaBbI Ha OCHOBe JKeJIe3a (Fe), Heo,u;HMa (Nd) H 60pa (B). JJ:ocTOHHCTBaMH
3THX IIOCTOHHHbIX MarHHTOB HBJIJlIOTCH BbICOKaJI Y,lI;eJIbHaJI 3HeprHH MamHTOB,
60JIbruoe 3HaqeHHe K03PUHTHBHOH CHJIbI, BbICOKIIH K031jJljJHWIeHT 1jJ0pMbI KPH-
BOH pa3MarHlfqHBaHHH, 6JIH3KIIH K 3HaqeHHIO 0,25, Kor,u;a XapaKTepHCTHKa pa3-
MarHH'-IHBaHHH HBJIJleTCH HaKJIOHHOH IIpHMOH, HH3KHH TeMIIepaTYPHbIH K031jJ-
IjJHuHeHT HecTa6HnbHocTH xapaKTepHcTHK. KpoMe Ha3BaHHbIX CBOHCTB 3TH Ma-
TepHaJIbI HMeIOT xopolliHe TeXHOJIOrHqeCKHe nOKa3aTeJIH, IIOMaIOTCH cBapKe B
KOHCTpYKUHHX MaruHH, HaIIpHMep, BaKYYMHbIM ,lI;HljJljJY3HOHHbIM MeTo,u;OM H
CKJIeHKe.
B Ta6JI. 4.1 IIpHBe,u;eHbI OCHOBHbIe IIapaMeTpbI cOBpeMeHHbIx MamHTOT-
Bep,ll;bIX CIIJIaBOB, cnyJKaIl{HX ,u;JIH 1f3rOTOBJIeHHH BbICOKOK03PWITHBHbIX IIOCTO-
HHHbIX MarHHTOB. 3TH MarHHTbI paCCqHTaHbI Ha pa60TY B ,u;Hana30He TeMnepa-
TYP OT - 60 ,lI;O + 200°C.
EOJIee no,u;p06HbIe CBe,ll;eHHH 06 Hccne,ll;OBaHHbIX MarHHToTBep,u;bIx MaTe-
pHanax pa3Ho06pa3HbIx MapoK IIpHBe,u;eHbI B Ta6JI. 4.2.
B 60-x rO,ll;ax 6blJIH pa3pa60TaHbI If HarunH ruHpoKoe IIpHMeHeHHe aHH30-
TpoIIHbIe CIIJIaBbI THna 1OHAK24, 1OHJJ:K35T5, 1OHJJ:K40T7 C HaIIpaBJIeHHOH
KpHCTaJIJIH3aUHeH, 06JIa,lI;aIOIIIHe BbICOKOH y,u;eJIbHOH MarHHTHoH 3HeprHeH
[(BH)Max ,lI;O 100 TJI (KAlM)], qTO II03BOJIHJIO 3HaqHTeJIbHO pacIDHpHTb ,u;HaIIa-
30H MOIIJ;HOCTH H qaCTOTbI MarHHT03JIeKTpHQeCKUX MaruHH. 8 0603HaqeHHHX
crmaBOB 6YKBbI 0603HaqaIOT: E - HH06HH , JJ: - Me,u;b, K - K06anbT, H - HHKeJIb,
C - KpeMHHH , T - THTaH , 10 - anIOMHHHH , A - cToJI6qaTaH CTpYKTypa, AA -
MOHOKpHCTaJIJIHqeCKaH CTpYKTypa. OTCYTcTBHe 6YKB A HJIIf AA 03HaqaeT, qTO
CBOHCTBa HaHDOJlee pacnpocTpaHeHHblx nOCTOHHHblX MaI'HHTOB
HaHMeHOBaHHe MauKa H CHCTeMa MarHHTOB Heo,u;HM- 1OMJJ:K
napaMeTpoB <:DeppHT CaMapHH- JKeJIe30- 35T5BA
6apHH K06anbT 60p
MarHHTHaJI HH.u;YKWIH,
BT, TJI 0,36 0,8...0,9 0,8...1,2 0,9...1,4
K03puHTHBHaH CHJIa IIO 36...145
HH,u;VKIJ;HH B He KAlM 120...220 500.. .600 400. ..1300
K03puHTHBHaJICHJIanO
HaMamHqeHHOCTH He, 150...240 600...2000 400...1500 120...125
KAiM
MarHHTHaJI3HeprHH
BID Max, KlliK/M 3 22...28 100. . .400 200.. .400 80...90
TeMIIeparypHbrH KO-
3d:JdJHWIeHT, % 1°C 0,2 0,04 0,15 0,025
IInoTHocTb, r/cM j 5,0 8,0 7,4 7,35
[(eHa 3a 1 Kr, ,lI;OJI. 1...2 300 90 10
ClllA
HaxO,ll;HT IIpHMeHeHHe TaKJKe MarHHToTBep,u;bIe ljJeppHTbI - MeTaJIJIOKepa-
MHqeCKHe OKCH,u;HO-6apHeBbIe IIOCTOHHHbIe MarHHTbI KaK H30TpoIIHbIe, TaK H
aHH3OTpoIIHbIe C MaKCHManbHbIM 3HaqeHHeM (BH)MaKc ,lI;O 40 Tn(KAlM). He,ll;oc-
TaTKOM OKCH,lI;HO-6apHeBbIx nOCTOHHHbIX MarHHTOB JlBJIHeTCH CHJIbHaJI 3aBHCH-
MOCTb HX HH,u;YKUHH OT TeMllepaTypbI.
HaIIpHMep, ,lI;JIH H3OTpoIIHoro MarHHTa OCTaTOqHaJI MarHHTHaH HH)J;yKUHH
Br npH HarpeBe OT +20 ,lI;O 300°C MOJKeT H3MeHHTbCH OT 0,19 ,lI;O 0,06 TJI. JJ:oc-
TOHHCTBOM JKe 3THX MarHHTOB HBJIJleTCH BbICOKoe 3HaqeHHe K03PUHTHBHOH CH-
JIbI He (,u;o 200 KAlM). IIpHMOJIHHeHHOCTb KpHBOH pa3MarH11qHBaHHH Ha pa60-
qeM yqaCTKe He Tpe6yeT IIpe,u;BapHTeJIbHOH cTa6HJIH3aUHH (pa3MamHQHBaHHH)
nepe,u; YCTaHOBKOH B 3JIeKTpHqeCKYIO MaruHIIY. IfccJIe,ll;oBaHHH HHTepMeTaJInH-
qeCKHX coe,u;HHeHHH pe,ll;K03eMeJIbHbIX MeTaJInOB - caMapHH Sm, npa3eo.zr;HMa
Pr, Tep6HH Tb , uepHH Ce C K06aJIbTOM Co THIIa PrCos IIpHBenH K C03,l1;aHHIO
IIOCTOHHHbIX MarHHTOB C YHHKaJIbHbIM 3HaqeHHeM (BH)MaKc, 3HaqeHHHMH K03p-
Ta6nHua 4.2
llapaMeTpbl MaI'HHTOTBep):\bIX MaTepHaJIOB
I MapKa MaTe- Br, \V MMax
pHana TJI KA/M Tn ):{x</M J '
III: flHTbIe CIIJIaBbI rOCT 17809-72
1OHI3JJ:K24 1,25 40 0,98 37 18
II 1OHI4JJ:K24 1,20 48 0,86 42 18
1OHI4AK24T2 1,10 60 0,68 44 15
1OHI3AK25A 1,40 44 1,24 45 28
,'I 1OHl4JJ:K25A 1,35 52 1,14 49 28
, 1OHI3JJ:K25EA 1,40 48 1,22 46 28
1OHI4AK25EA 1,30 58 1,12 50 28
: I 1OHJJ:K35T5 0,75 110 0,52 69 18
1OHJJ:K35T5E 0,75 96 0,53 60 16
)111 1OHJJ:K35T5EA 1,02 110 0,80 90 36
1OHJJ:K35T5AA 1,05 115 0,83 96 40
IOH,[(K40T8 0,70 145 0,38 95 18
1111 MeTannoKe aMHqeCKlle coe,u;HHeHHH rOCT 13596-68
II MMK8 1,10 40 0,80 35 14
1111
II
1111 MMK9 0,75 80 0,45 54 12
II MMKI0 0,80 100 0,53 57 15
I!I
II MMKll 0,70 128 0,40 80 16
<:De HTbI (OCT 11707002 -76
, II 24EA21O 0,37 205 0,185 130 12
28EA170 0,39 165 0,195 143 14
II: 28EA190 0,39 185 0,195 143 14
24CA200 0,37 195 0,185 130 12
28CA250 0,39 240 0,195 143 14
IfHTe MeTannHqeCKHe COe,ll;HHeHHH rOCT 21559-76
'I KC37 0,77 540 0,385 286 55
YC37A 0,82 560 0,410 317 65
KCII37 0,85 520 0,425 306 65
KCII37 A 0,90 500 0,450 320 72
CIIJIaBbI Ha OCHOBe JKeJIe3a, Heo,u;HMa 1160 a TY21174514001001-96
Fe14B 1,18 744 120
Fe77B8 1,24 880 145
B JIa60paTopHbIX YCJIOBHHX Ha MOHOKpHCTaJIJIaX SmCo s IIOJIyqeHbI 3Ha-
qeHHH (BH)MaKc = (238 - 246) TJI(KA/M), a ,u;nH MOHOKpHCTaJIJIOB SmZC0 17 -,u;o
320 TJI(KAlM). HaH60JIee IIepcneKTHBHoH HBJIJleTCH TeXHOJIOrllH IIOJIyqeHHH
:111
II!
I
I ',
I
154
rnaBa 4. CMHXpoHHble reHepaTopbl
C nOCTORHHblMM MarHMTaMM
OCHOBHble CBoMcTBa M xapaKTepMCTMKM nOCTORHHblX MarHMTOB
155
UHTHBHOH CHJIbI B 6 - 7 pa3 60JIbIIIHMH, qeM Y MarHHTOB THIIa 1OHJJ:K H 06na-
,u;aIOllIHX IIpHMOJIHHeHHOcTbIO KpHBOH pa3MarHHqHBaHHH.
MarH11TOB 1f3 IIOpOruKOB Co C pe,u;K03eMenbHbIMH MeTaJIJIaMH IIYTeM cneKaHHH.
IIpH TaKOH TeXHOJIOrHH BHaqane IIPH 06bIqHOH TeXHHKe nJIaBKH IIOJIyqaIDT
cnHTKH CIInaBa. IIocne 3Toro HX H3MenbqaIOT B noporuoK B aTMocljJepe HHepT-
Horo ra3a. JJ:anee IIOpOruOK IIOMeru;aIDT B MamHTHOe IIOJIe HaIIP.HJKeHHOCTbIO
1200.. .2400 KA/M ,u;JIH nonyqeHHH my60KoH MarHHTHOH aHH30TpoIIHH, no,ll;-
BepraIOT IIpeCCOBaH11IO C IIOCJIe,ll;yroIl{llM CIIeKaHHeM npH TeMIIepaType 1100°C.
Pe,u;K03eMeJIbHbIe IIOCTOHHHbIe MarHllTbI HMeIDT ,u;OCTaTOqHO XOpOIIIH-H TeMIIe-
paTypHbIH K031jJ1jJ11UlleHT HaMarH11qeHHOCT11. TaK, ,u;JIH IIOCTOHHHbIX MarHHTOB
Ha OCHOBe SmCo s OH COCTaBJIHeT 0,03...0,05 % 1°C B IIpe,u;eJIax TeMnepaTYP
20.. .200 °e. MarHllTbI 1f3 pe,u;K03eMeJIbHbIX MeTanJIOB H K06aJIbTa HMeIOT BbI-
COKHe 3HaqeHHH TeMnepaTypbI TOqKH KIDpH: SmCos - 724°C, PrCos - 612°C,
CeCos - 495°e.
TaKHM 06pa30M, MarHHTbI THna SmCos MOJKHO CqHTaTb BIIOJIHe pa60To-
cIIoc06HbIMH npH TeMnepaType OT -70 ,u;o + 150°C 6e3 cYIl{eCTBeHHoro yxy,u;-
IlleHH.H MarHHTHbIX CBOHCTB. MarHHTbI 3Toro T11na HMeIOT ,u;OCTaTOqHO xopo-
rulle MeXaHllqeCKHe CBoHcTBa. IIpe,u;en npOqHOCTll IIPH CJKaTllll ,u;JIH HHX HMeeT
3HaqeHHe 784,8'10 6 IIa, aHa 113rH6 - (107,9 - 147)10 6 IIa. Pa3pa60TKa IIOCTOHH-
HbIX MarHHTOB Ha 6a3e pe,u;K03eMeJIbHbIX MeTanJIOB H K06aJIbTa C y,u;eJIbHOH
3HeprHeH (BH)MaKc = 240 Tn (KA/M) n03BOJIHeT C03,u;aBaTb CHJIbHbIe MarHHTHbIe
nOJIH B B03,l1;YlliHOM 3a30pe 3JIeKTpHqeCKHX MallillH H nonyqHTb MaruHHbI C Ma-
JIOM y,u;eJIbHOH MaccoH H 60JIbruOH IIeperpY30qHOH cIIoc06HOCTbIO.
IIpHBe,u;eHHbIe B Ta6n. 4.1 If 4.2 LIaHHbIe n03BOJIHIOT c,u;eJIaTb BblBO,u; 0 ue-
JIeC006pa3HocTH npHMeHeHHH IIOCTOHHHbIX MarHHTOB ,lI;nH B036YJK,u;eHHH 3neK-
TpHqeCKHX MaIIIHH C npeHMYIIIecTBaMH, CBH3aHHbIMH C ynpollIeH11eM CmM IIO
cpaBHeHllIO C KOHCTpYKIJ;HeH MaruHH C 3JIeKTpOMarH11THbIM B036Y)K):(eHHeM,
CHHJKeHHeM Beca H nOBbIrueHHeM KTI)J:, a rJIaBHOe - C B03MOJKHOCTbIO KOHCT-
pYllpoBaTb THXOxo,u;HbIe cr ,u;JIH 6e3pe)J;yKTopHbIX 83Y.
Cepbe3HbIM He,u;OCTaTKOM MarHHTOB H3 CIIJIaBOB Nd-Fe-B HBJIHeTC.H HX
Hll3Ka.H COnpOTllBJIHeMOCTb KOpp03HH, oc06eHHo BO BJIaJKHOH aTMocljJepe. JJ:nJl
YCTpaHeHHH YKa3aHHoro He,u;OCTaTKa pa3pa60TaHbI cnoc06bI HaHeceHHH Ha Mar-
HllTbI aHTHKOpp03HOHHbIX nOKpbITHH B. BaKYYMe (XpOM, anIOM11HHH, UHHK).
TOJIllIHHa nOKpbITHH COCTaBJIHeT 15 - 20 MKM. KOpp03HOHHa.H CTOHKOCTb Mar-
HHTOB C 3aru;HTHbIMH IIOKpbITHHMH cyru;eCTBeHHo B03paCTaeT.
MarHHTHbIe CBoHcTBa llOCTOHHHbIX MarHHTOB OIJ;eHHBaIOTCH KpHBOH pa3-
MamHqHBaHllH, T.e. IIpe,u;enbHoii IIeTJIeH rHcTepe3Hca B = f(H), paCIIOJIOJKeH-
HOH BO BTOpOM KBa,lI;paHTe (PHC. 4.6, a).
Ha pHC. 4.6 0603HaqeHbI: OCTaTOqHa.H HH,u;YKUHH Br - HH,u;YKIJ;HH Ha IIpe-
,u;eJIbHOH lleTJIe rncTepe3Hca npH HarrpHJKeHHOCTH HaMarHHqHBaIDllIero IIOJIH,
paBHoH HynID; K03pIJ;HTllBHaH CHJIa no HH,u;YKUHH Hc - BHelliHHH pa3MarHHqH-
-BaIDliiaH HaIIpHJKeHHOCTb MarHHTHOrO IIonH, He06xo,u;HMa.H ,u;nH ,lI;OBe,u;eH11H HH-
)J;yKIJ;llH ,u;o HYJIH B IIpe,ll;BapHTeJIbHO HaMarHHqeHHOM ,u;o HaCbIllIeHHH MaTepHa-
I:
156
rnaBa 4. CMHXpoHHble reHepaTopbl
C nOCTOSlHHblMM MarHMTaMM
]57
OCHOBHble CBoMcTBa M xapaKTepMCTMKM nOCTOSlHHblX MarHMTOB
JIe; K03PUHTHBHaH CHJIa no HaMarHHqeHHOCTH HeM - HarrpHJKeHHOCTb pa3Mar-
HHqHBaIOIl{erO nOJIH, npH KOTOpOH HaMarHH'IeHHOCTb npe,u;BapHTeJIbHO nOJIHO-
CTbIO HaMarH11qeHHOrO MaTepHaJIa ,lI;OXO)I;HT ,lI;O HYJIH; MarHHTHaH np,?HHuae-
MOCTb MarHHTa J.la, onpe,ll;eJIHeMaH OTHOllIeHHeM HH.u;YKUHH B KaKOM-JIH60 TO'IKe
MaTepHaJIa K HaIIpHJKeHHOCTH MamHTHoro nOJIH B TOH JKe TOqKe; MaKCHMaJIbHaH
Y,lI;eJIbHaH MarHHTHaH 3HeprHH, pa3BHBaeMaH MarHHTOM BO BHeruHeM npOCTpaH-
CTBe, paBHaH MaKCHMaJIbHOH MarHHTHOH 3HeprHH B e)I;HHHue 06'beMa WM max =
= (BH)max/2 = (BdHd)/2, r,ll;e Bd H Hd - KOOp)I;HHaTbI TO'IKH Ha KpHBOH
pa3MarHHqHBaHHH, onpe,ll;eJIHIOIWIe MaKCHMYM MamHTHOH 3Heprn11.
' '
BSB
B
Bd
wMmaxHsH.W
Bo
a 6
A6coJIlOTHaH MarHHTHa5i npoHHuaeMocTb nOCTOHHHbIX MarHHTOB MaJIa
J.la = (5 - 25)J.lo, r,ll;e J.lo = 4n'IO- 7 rH/M - MamHTHaH IIpOHHuaeMOCTb B03.u;yxa
(,lI;JIH cpaBHeHHJI, MarHHTHaH rrpoHHuaeMOCTb JIHCTOBOH 3JIeKTpOTeXHHqeCKOH
CTaJIH J.laCT = (50 - 300) J.lo), a Y,lI;eJIbHOe 3JIeKTpHqeCKOe COIIpOTHBJIeHHe IIOCTO-
HHHbIX MarHHTOB OTHOCHTeJIbHO BeJIHKO: PM = (0,5 - 1,8) 10- 6 OM'M (.u;JIH cpaB-
HeHHH, Y,lI;eJIbHOe 3JIeKTpHqeCKOe COnpOTHBJIeHHe Me.u;Horo npOBO)I;HHKa Pcu =
(0.17 - 0.2)10- 7 OM'M).
JJ:nH nOJIyqeHHH BbICOKHX MarHHTHbIX CBOHCTB nOCTOHHHbIe MarHHTbI
.u;OJIJKHbI 6bITb HaMarHH'IeHbI B Tpe6yeMoM HaIIpaBJIeHHH .u;o COCTOHHHH HaCbI-
Il{eHHH Ha HMIIYJIbCHOH YCTaHOBKe. JJ:JIJI Ha,ll;eJKHoro HaMarHH'IHBaHHH MarHHTOB
He06xo.u;HMO, qT06bI HaIIpHJKeHHOCTb BHelliHero MarHHTHoro noml 6bIJIa He Me-
Hee llIeCTHKpaTHoro 3Ha'IeHHH K03PUHTHBHOH CHJIbI.
B Bs
H
HCM
PHC. 4.6. KpH-
BaR pa3Ma£HH'IHBaHHR
(a) H cJ!H3H'ICCKaR MO-
}:\CJIb Ma£HHTa (6)
TaMH H 3 , B3 (CM. pHC. 4.6, a). TIpH 3TOM Hs = IIW1I1tM, r,ll;e t M - .u;JIHHa cpe.u;HeH
CHJIOBOH JIMHHH B Cep,ll;eqHHKe. ECJIH OTKJIIO'IHTb 06MOTKY (11=0, CM. pHC. 4.6, 6,
COCTOHHHe 2), TO pa60qaH TOqKa nepeMeCTHTcH no neTJIe rncTepe3Hca B TOqKY 2
C KOOp)I;HHaTaMH H = 0; B = Br. TIpH 3TOM BHyTpH cep.u;eqHHKa 3aMbIKaeTCJI
MarHHTHbIH IIOTOK <:Do COOTBeTCTBYIOIl{HH OCTaTO'-IHOH HH.u;YKl{HH Br; MarHHT-
HbIe CBoHcTBa MarHHTa BO BHelliHeM npOCTpaHCTBe He npOHBJIHIOTCH: Y,lI;eJIbHaH
MarHHTHaH 3HeprHH MarHHTa paBHa HYJIIO (CM. pHC. 4.6, a).
Pa3peJKeM cep.u;e'-IHHK, BBe.u;Jl 3a30p 0 (CM. pHC. 4.6, 6, COCTOJlHHe 3). Co-
rJIaCHO 3aKOHY nOJIHOrO TOKa HBO + HMLM = O. OTCIO,lI;a HarrpHJKeHHOCTb noml B
MarHHTe HM = -HBo/t M < O. TaKHM 06pa30M, IIPH BBe,ll;eHHH B03)J;yIlIHoro 3a30pa
npOHCXO)I;HT pa3MarHHqHBaHHe MaTepHaJIa, a pa60qaH TOqKa nepeMeIl{aeTCJI no
KpHBOH pa3MarHH'-II1BaHHH B TOqKY 3. TIpH ':.npe,ll;eJIeHHOM 3a30pe :r a TOqKH
MOJKeT COBIIa,ll;aTb C TOqKOH, COOTBeTCTByooIl{eH MaKCHMYMY y.u;eJIbHOH 3HeprHH,
pa3BHBaeMoH MarHHTOM BO BHelliHeM npoCTpaHCTBe (CM. pHC. 4.6, a). qeM
60JIbille 3a30p, TeM HHJKe Ha KpHBOH pa3MarHH'-IHBaHHH HaXO)I;HTCH pa60qaH
TOqKa.
ECJIH TeIIepb 3arrOJIHHTb 3a30p MarHHTOMJIrKHMH BCTaBKaMH ( CM.
pllC. 4.6, 6, COCTOHHHe 4), TO pa3MarHHqHBaHHe MaTepHaJIa YMeHbIlIHTCH. O,ll;-
HaKO BCJIe,ll;CTBHe He06paTHMocTH npoueccoB nepeMarHHqHBaHHH pa60qaH TOq-
Ka nepeMeCTHTCH BBepx He IIO KpHBOH pa3MarHHqHBaHHH, a no HHJKHeH BeTBH
qaCTU'-lHOH neTJIH rnCTepe3Hca (CM. pHC. 4.6, a). TIocJIe Y,lI;aJIeHHJI BCTaBOK pa-
60qa5i TO'-IKa OIIHTb BepHeTcH B nOJIOJKeHHe 3 IIO BepxHeH BeTBH qaCTHqHOH
neTJIH. AHaJIOrn'IHOe JlBJIeHHe npoHcxo)I;HT IIPH UHKJIHqeCKHX H3MeHeHHHX
BHelliHero pa3MarHHqHBaIOIl{ero nOJI5i (HarrpHMep, B )l;Harra30He H = O".:Hd)'
BBH,lI;Y MaJIOH IIJIOIl{a,ll;H neTeJIb qaCTHqHbIX UHKJIOB HX 3aMeHHIOT Cpe)I;HeH JIH-
HHeH, Ha3bIBaeMOH IIpHMOH B03BpaTa. HaKJIOH npHMoH B03BpaTa KOCH a6CUHCC
B pa3JIH'-IHbIX TOqKaX KpHBOH pa3MarHHqHBaHHH npHMepHO O)I;HHaKOB H xapaK-
TepH3yeTcH MarHHTHOH npOHHuaeMOCTbIO B03BpaTa J.lB = B/ H. TIpH6JIMJKeH-
HO 3HaqeHHe J.!B MOJKHO HaHTH IIO yrJIY HaKJIOHa KaCaTeJIbHOH K IIpe,ll;eJIbHOH
IIeTJIe rnCTepe3Hca B TOqKaX H = 0; B = Br.
4.3.3. COOTHOUlCHHH ,lJ,JIH paC'ICTa nOCTOHHHbIX MarHHTOB
4.3.2. 4>H3H'ICCKHC npOl.{cccbI B3aHMO,lJ,CHCTBHH nOCTOHHHoro
MarHHTa H MarHHTHoM l{CnH
PaCCMOTpHM, CJIe)J;yH pa60Te [99], 3aMKHYTbIH KOJIbueBOH Cep,ll;eqHHK H3
MarHHToTBep,ll;OrO MaTepHaJIa, Ha KOTOpOM pa3MeIl{eHa 06MOTKa C qHCJIOM BHT-
KOB WI (CM. pHC. 4.6, 6, COCTOHHHe 1).
ECJIH no 3TOH 06MOTKe npoIIyCTHTb IIOCTOHHHbrH TOK II. cnoc06HbIH ,lI;O-
BeCTH Cep,ll;eqHHK ,lI;O HaCbIIl{eHHH, TO MarHHTHoe COCTOHHHe MamHTa 6y.u;eT xa-
paKTepH30BaTbcH pa60qeH TOqKOH 1 Ha KpHBOH HaMarHHqHBaHHJI C KOOp)I;HHa-
B paCqeTe MarHHTHbIX ueIIeH C nOCTOHHHbIMH MarHHTaMH HCnOJIb3yroTCH
KpllBbIe pa3MarHH'IHBaHHH H JIHHHH B03BpaTa, IIPH 3TOM KpHBaH pa3MarHHqH-
BaHHH arrrrpoKcHMHpyeTCH paBH060KOH rHIIep60JIOH:
B = Br(Hc-H)I(Hc-aofl), (4.1)
r.u;e B H H - TeKYIIIHe Koop)I;HHaTbI; ao - OCTaTOqHbIH K031jJIjJHUHeHT, xapaKTe-
PH3YIOIWIH aCHMIITOTbI rHnep60JIOH,
ao= B,IBs = (2y - l)ly. (4.2)
K03IjJIjJHUHeHT 1jJ0pMbI KpHBOH pa3MarHHqHBaHHH
:1
I,
I' I
111.1
':! I
' 1
r
1 1 :111 1
I
, I
! II
"
,I
III
I
111':111
,I
illllil l
I II I I I
,
,
' 1 '111 1
II!II
II
,
II
111.1
I
I I '
II
11'11
158
rnaBa 4. CMHxpoHHble reHepaTopbl
C nOCTOSlHHblMM MarHMTaMM
OCHOBHble CBoMcTBa M xapaKTepMCTMKM nOCTOSlHHblX MarHMTOB
159
y = (6H)max/(6 r Hd = b h/(bh) (4.3)
XapaKTepH3yeT BblIIyKJIOCTb npe,ll;eJIbHOH neTJIH rHcTepe3Hca.
YpaBHeHHe JIHHHH B03BpaTa MOJKeT 6bITb 3anHCaHO 'Iepe3 KOOp}:\I'IHaTbI
TO'IKH OTXO,ll;a npHMoH B03BpaTa B 3 , H3 (CM. pHC. 4.6, a): '
B = B3 +fl. 6 (H3 - H), (4.4)
HJIH 'Iepe3 OCTaTOqHyIO HH.u;yKUHIO B03BpaTa
B =B 6 -fl.6H
MarHHTHyro rrpOHHuaeMOCTb MamHTa Ha IIpHMOH B03BpaTa IIpHHHMaIOT
nOCTOHHHOH:
Ha npHBe,ll;eHHOH KpHBOH pa3-
MamH'-IHBaHHJI OqeHb HarJIH,lI;Hyro H
y.u;06Hyro HHTepIIpeTaWIIO IIonyqaIOT
MamHTHaH IIpoHHuaeMocTb B03BpaTa,
MarHHTHbIe conpOTHBJIeHHH H npoBo-
}:\I'IMOCTH MamHTa H BHeIIIHeH UeIIH.
JJ:eHCTBHTeJIbHO, ,lI;JIH OTHOCH-
TeJIbHOH MarHHTHoH IIpoHHuaeMoCTH l/a o
B03BpaTa HMeeM
M 6 0 =fl.,/fl.(j =LlBo/LlHo = tgP6' (4.7)
fl.6 = Br (1 - ao)/Hc, (4.5)
Ha IIpaKTHKe IIPH paCqeTe MarHHT03JIeKTpHqeCKHX ueneH npHMeHHeTcH
CHCTeMa OTHOCHTeJIbHbIX e.u;11HHU, B KOTOpOH 3a 6a3HcHbIe 3HaqeHmr npHHHMa-
IOTCH: OCTaTOqHaH HHL\YKUHH B6 = Br (TJI); K03PUHTHBHaJI CHna H6 = He (AIM);
IIJIOIl{a,ll;b HeHTpaJIbHOrO Ce'IeHHH MarHHTa, nepneH,u;11KYJIHpHOrO MarH11THbIM
JIHHHHM H Haxo.u;JIllIerOCH Ha O}:\I'IHaKOBOM paCCTOHHHH OT KpaH nOJIIOCOB, SI) =
=SM (M 2 ); .u;nHHa cpe.u;HeH CHJIOBOH JIHHHH B MarHHTe, npHxo.u;JIIl{aHCH Ha O.u;HH
nOJIIOC, tl) = h M (M).
ITPOH3BO.u;HbIMH 6a3HCHbIMH 3HaqeHHHMH HBJIHIOTC}I: MarHHTHaH IIPOHH-
uaeMoCTb Ili) = B/Hc (nYM); MJJ:C MarHHTa FI) = Fc = HchM (A); OCTaTOqHbIH
MarHHTHbIH nOTOK <:DI) = <:Dr = BrSM (B6); MarHHTHoe COIIpOTHBJIeHHe Ri) =
=FoI<:D1) = HchM/BrSM(l/rH); MarHHTHaJI npOBO}:\I'IMOCTb Ai) = l/RI) = BrSM/(Hch.J
(rH); y.u;eJIbHaH MarHHTHaH 3HeprHH WM(; = BrHc (AJK/M\
MarHHTHbIe BeJIHqHHbI B OTHOCHTeJIbHbIX e}:\I'IHHuaX IIOJIyqaIOTCH B pe-
3ynbTaTe .u;eJIeHHJI KaJK.u;oH H3 HHX Ha cooTBeTcTByIOIl{ee eH 6a3HCHOe 3HaqeH11e.
KpHBaH pa3MarHH'IHBaHHH, nOCTpoeHHaJI B OTHOCHTeJIbHbIX e}:\I'IHHUax,
Ha3bIBaeTCH IIpHBe,ll;eHHOH KpHBOH pa3MamHq11BaHH}I H .u;JIH Bcex MarHHTOTBep-
,lI;bIX MaTepHaJIOB npOXO,ll;HT qepe3 TOqKH C KOOp,ll;HHaTaMH HO = 0, BO = I H HO =
1, B ° = 0 (PHC. 4.7).
]1[3 (4.1) ypaBHeHHe paCqeTHOH IIpHBe,ll;eHHOH KpHBOH pa3MarHHq11BaH11}1
IIpH06peTaeT BH,lI;
r.u;e PB - yron HaKJIOHa JIHHHH B03BpaTa
KOCH a6CUHCC.
JJ:JIH paCqeTHOH npHBe,ll;eHHOH
KpHBOH pa3MarHHqHBaHHH
fl.6o = tgP6 = 1- ao.
H*
F* 1,0
B* <1>*
Poco 4.7. npoBe}:\eHobIe pac-
'1eTHble KpHBble pa3MarHO'lOBaHHH
nOCTOHHHblX MarHHTOB
4.3.4. COOTHOUlCHHH ,lJ,JIH MarHHTHoH l{CnH C nOCTOHHHblM MarHHTOM
TIpH pacqcre CHHXPOHHbIX MaIIIHH C nOCTOHHHbIMH MarHHTaMH Bce Mar-
HHTHbIe BeJIHqHHbI BbIpaJKeHbI B OTHOCHTeJIbHbIX e}:\I'IHHuaX H paCqeT Be,ll;eTCH C
HCnOJIb30BaHHeM pa60qeH }:\I'IarpaMM'bI MamHTa, KOTopaH YCTaHaBJIHBaeT CBH3b
Mej[()J;y IIapaMeTpaMH MarHHTa H IIapaMeTpaMH BHeuIHeH MarHHTHOH uenH.
PaCCMOTpHM npe,u;BapHTenbHo HaMamH'IeHHbIH MarHHT, Haxo.u;JIIl{HHCJI B
CB060,ll;HOM COCTOHHHH, BHe c06paHHoH KOHCTPYKUHH (PHC. 4.8, a).
W . ""
. .
r{1
B ° = (I - H)/(I - aofl).
(4.6)
JJ:JIH pa3JIH'IHbIX MarHHTHbIX MaTepHaJIOB npHBe,ll;eHHbIe KpHBbIe pa3Mar-
HHqHBaHHH OTJIHqaIOTCH JIHllib 1jJ0pMOH KpHBOH, OIIpe,ll;en}leMOH K031jJ1jJ11UHeH-
TOM BbmYKnOCTH y. IIpH Y = 0,25 npHBe,ll;eHHaH paC'IeTHaH KPHBaH pa3MamH-
qHBaHHH HBnHeTCH HaKJIOHHOH npHMoH (B ° = I - H 0), K KOTOpOH 6JIH3KH KpHBbIe
pa3MarHHqHBaHHH pe.u;K03eMeJIbHbIX MarHHTOB H ljJeppl1ToB. IIpH y = 0,5 IIPH-
Be,ll;eHHaH KPHBaH pa3MarHHqHBaHHH 6nH3Ka K OKPYJKHOCTH ( CIIJIaBbI
1OHJJ:K35T5, 1OHJJ:K40T8AA), npH y > 0,5 OHa CTpeMHTCH K IIpHMOyrOJIbHOH
neTJIe rHCTepe3Hca.
a
fi
B
r
Poco 4.8. MarooT B pa3J10'lOblX BHeWHHX cpellax
JJ:nH nO,ll;,IJ;epJKaHHJI MarHHTHOrO nOTOKa BO BHeIIIHeH cpe,ll;e MarHHT pa3BHBaeT
CB060,ll;HYIO MJJ:C. IIpH 3TOM MarHHTHoe COCTOHHHe MamHTa xapaKTepH3yeTcH
TO'IKOH K Ha KpHBOH pa3MarHHqHBaHHH (pHC. 4.9), nOJIOJKeHHe KOTOpOH onpe-
I
i l
160
,lI;eJIHeTCH nepeCe'IeHHeM KpHBOH pa3MarHHqHBaHHH C MarHHTHOH xapaKTepH-
CTHKOH BHeIIIHeH ueIIH: <:D CB = A.cBFcB,r.u;e A.cB - MarHHTHaH npOBOllHMOCTb pac-
CeJlHHH MarHHTa B CB060,ll;HOM COCTOHHHH Ha O,u;HH nOJIIOC. MarHHTH npOBO-
,lI;HMOCTb paCCeJlHHH MarHHTa, IIpHBelleHHaH K MJJ:C Ha pa60'IeH IIOBepXHOCTH
nOJIIOCa MarHHTa,
AC6 = cPM,/FMK = BM,/HMK = tgPC6' (4.8)
r,ll;e cP MK - nOTOK pacceHHHH MamHTa B cB060lIHOM COCTOHHHH; F MK - MJJ:C
O,ll;HOrO nOJIIOca MarHHTa; BMK,HMK - Koop,ll;HHaTbI TOqKH K Ha ,u;HarpaMMe Mar-
HHTa.
BBe,ll;eHHe IIpHBe,ll;eHHOH IIpOBO,u;HMOCTH A.cB n03BOJIJleT IIpe.u;cTaBHTb Mar-
HHTHYIO xapaKTepHcTHKY BHeIIIHeH cpe,u;bI B BH,u;e JIyqa 0 - A.cB, rrpoBe,ll;eHHOrO
Ha ,u;HarpaMMe MarHHTa R3 HaqaJIa KOOp,ll;HHaT no,ll; yrnoM PCB (CM. pHC. 4.9).
)T,u;enbHaH MarHHTHaH
B,<1> 3HeprHH, pa3BHBaeMaH MarHHTOM
B cB060,ll;HOM COCTOJlHHH, B OTHO-
CHTenbHbIX e,ll;HHHuaX paBHa
IInOIl{a,ll;H IIpHMoyrOJIbHHKa
Hlo1K-K-B MK- O :
OqeBH,u;HO, 'ITO MaKCHMYM
MarHHTHOH 3HeprnH 6y,u;eT HMeTb
MeCTO npH ycnoBHH BJ<'K = Bd H
/f."K = Hd. CJIe,u;OBaTeJIbHO, IIO-
JIOJKeHHe TO'IKH OTxo,u;a IIpHMOH
B03BpaTa orrpe,ll;eJIJleT CTeneHb HCnOJIb30BaHHH pa3BHBaeMOH MamHTOM 3Hep-
rHH.
BenH Ha nOJIIOCbI paCCMaTpHBaeMoro MamHTa HaJIOJKHTb apMaTYPY, BbI-
nOJIHeHHYIO H3 MarHHTOMHrKoro MaTepHaJIa (CM. pHC. 4.8, 6), TO rrpOBO,u;HMOCTb
BHeIIIHeH MarHHTHOH uenH YBeJIHqHTCH. IIpH 3TOM pa60qaH TOqKa Ha ,lI;HarpaM-
Me MarHHTa, xapaKTepH3YIOIl{aH HOBoe MarHHTHoe COCTOHHHe MarHHTIi, nepe-
MeCTHTCH 11:3 TOqKH K no npJlMOH B03BpaTa B TOqKY A (CM. pRC. 4.9). IIoJIoJKe-
HHe JIHHHH B03BpaTa onpe,ll;eJIJleTCH BHYTpeHHeH npoBo,u;HMOCTbIO MarHHTa,
paBHoH B OTHOCHTeJIbHbIX e,ll;HHHuaX MamHTHoH IIpOHHl{aeMOCTH B03BpaTa:
'I'I'
I I
Iii
I!!I!II
1'11"" I
H MK
PRC. 4.9. Pa60QaH .IJ:RarpaMMa MarHRTa
-
rnaBa 4. CMHXpoHHble reHepaTopbl
C nOCTOSlHHblMM MarHMTaMM
OCHOBHble CBoMcTBa M xapaKTepMCTI1KM nOCTOSlHHblX MarHMTOB
161
TOqKa A HaXO,ll;HTCJI B TOqKe nepeceqeHHJI npHMoH B03BpaTa K - As C JIY-
qOM 0 - Aa , npoBe,u;eHHbIM H3 HaqaJIa KOOp,ll;HHaT no,u; yrnoM Pa KOCH a6CUHCC:
Aa = cPMAIFMA = BMAIH MA = tgPa .
(4.11 )
r,u;e Aa - MarHHTHaH npoBO,ll;HMOCTb pacceHHHH MarHHTa C apMarypoH.
3aMeTHM, qTO ecnH 6bI MarHHT 6bIn HaMarHHqeH COBMeCTHO C apMary-
pOH, TO TOqKa OTXO,ll;a rrpHMOH B03BpaTa Kl HaXO,ll;HJIaCb 6bI B TOqKe nepeceqe-
HHH JIY'Ia 0 - Aa C KpHBOH pa3MamHqHBaHHH.
IIoMecTHB ,u;aJIee MamHT C apMarypoH Mej[()J;Y nOJIIOCaMH HeBomYJK,u;eH-
Horo 3JIeKTpOMarHHTa (CM. pHC. 4.8, B), nOJIyqHM MarHHTHyro CHCTeMY, pe3YJIb-
THpYIOIl{aH IIpOBO.u;HMOCTb KOTOpOH
Ap = cPMplF Mp = BMpllf."p = tgpP
(4.12)
W M = B MKH."K.
(4.9)
IIpHqeM Ap = Aa = A.cB H F."p <Fa <F."K-
IIpH 06ecTOqeHHbIX 06MOTKaX 3JIeKTpOMamHTa ero MarHHTHoe COCTOH-
HHe XapaKTepH3YeTCH TOqKOH P (CM. pHC. 4.9), nOJIOJKeHHe KOTOpOH onpe,ll;e-
JIHTCH nepeCeqeHHeM IIpHMOH B03BpaTa C nyqOM O-Ap. 1I3 pHC. 4.9 BH,lI;HO, qTO B
OTJIHqHe OT MJJ:C 3JIeKTpoMarHHTa MJJ:C MarHHTa He OCTaeTCH nOCTOHHHOH
IIPH H3MeHeHHH MarHHTHOH npOBO,ll;HMOCTH BHeIIIHeH MarHHTHOH uenH. C pOC-
TOM IIOCne,ll;HeH MJJ:C MarHHTa YMeHbruaeTCH.
ECJIH TeIIepb qepe3 06MOTKY 3JIeKTpOMarHHTa IIponYCTHTb nOCTOHHHbIH
TOK, C03.u;aIOIl{HH HaMarHHqHBaIOIl{yro MJJ:C (CM. pHC. 4.8, 1'), TO IIOTOK B Mar-
HHTe B03paCTeT ,u;o 3HaqeHHH <:DMN , onpe,u;enHeMoro BHenIHeH MJJ:C F BM , IIPH-
JIOJKeHHOH HenOCpe,ll;CTBeHHO K MamHry. Ami onpe,ll;eJIeHHH TOqKH N .u;OCTaTOq-
HO IIepeHecTH JIyq 0 - Ap napanneJIbHO caMoMY ce6e B,lI;OJIb OCH a6cUHcc Ha OT-
pe30K OF BM (CM. pHC. 4.9). TIpH ,u;aJIbHeHrueM YBenHqeHHH TOKa B 06MoTKax
3JIeKTpoMamHTa TOqKa N nepeMeCTHTCH BIIpaBo no rrpHMOH B03BpaTa H npH
onpe,ll;eneHHOM TOKe ,lI;OCTHrHeT nOJIOJKeHHH, COOTBeTCTBYIOIl{erO HaCbIIl{eHHIO
MarHHTa. CJIe)J;yeT OTMeTHTb, qTO IIPH HaCbIIl{eHHH CTaJIbHbIX yqaCTKOB Mar-
HHTHaH XapaKTepHCTHKa BHeruHei1 uenH 0 - Ap HBJIHeTCH HeJIHHeHHOH (IIYHK-
THpHaH JIHHHH Ha pHC. 4.9).
ECJIH, He ,u;OBe,u;Jl MarHHT ,u;o HaCbIIl{eHHH, H3MeHHTb HaIIpaBJIeHHe TOKa B
06MOTKax 3JIeKTpOMarHHTa (Ha pHC. 4.8, l' 3TOMY CJIY'IaIO cooTBeTcTBYcr Ha-
rrpaBJIeHHe TOKa B 06MoTKax, IIOKa3aHHbIX nYHKTHpOM), TO 06pa3yeTcH BHeUI-
Hee nOJIe, pa3MarHH'-II1BaIOIl{ee MamHT. TIpH B03paCTaHHH pa3MarHHqHBaIOIl{eH
MJJ:C pa60'IaH TOqKa Ha ,lI;HarpaMMe MarHHTa rrepeMeIl{aeTCH BJIeBO IIO npHMoH
B03BpaTa H .u;OCTHraeT TOqKH K. ECJIH TeIIepb eIl{e YBeJIH'IHTb pa3MarHHqHBaIO-
Il{YIO MJJ:C, TO pa60qaH TO'-IKa CMeCTHTCH BHH3 no KpHBOH pa3MarHHqHBaHHH H
3aHMeT HOBoe nOJIOJKeHHe (Ha pHC. 4.9 3TO IIOJIOJKeHHe OTMeqeHO TOqKOH K 2 ).
IIpH ,u;anbHeHUIeM YMeHbUIeHHH pa3MarHHqHBaIOIl{eH MJJ:C TOqKa, xapaKTepH-
AM = L1cP L1FM = 11-6 = L1B L1HM = tgP6.
(4.10)
lilli,
[III
, I
'I,UI I
Ilill
I
162
3yroIl{aH COCTOHHHe MarHHTa, nepeMeIl{aeTCH BnpaBO no HOBOH npHMOH B03Bpa-
Ta, HCXO,u;HIl{eH H3 TOqKH K 2 .
TaKHM 06pa30M, nOJIOJKeHHe TOqKH OTxo.u;a npHMOH B03BpaTa, a CJIe.u;OBa-
TeJIbHO, H caMOH JIHHHH B03BpaTa OIIpe.u;eJIHeTCJI JIH60 MHHHMaJIbHbIM 3HaqeHH-
eM npOBo.u;HMOCTH BHeIIIHeH MarHHTHOH IJ;enH, JIH60 MaKCHMaJIbHOH pa3MarHH-
qHBaIOIl{eH MJJ:C BHenIHero IIOJIH.
JJ:nH nOBbIllieHHH CTa6HJIbHOCTJI napaMeTpOB nOCTOHHHbIX MarHHTOB HX
IIO,ll;BepraIOT cTa6HJIH3al(HH. CTa6HJIH3aUHH MarHHTa no cYIl{eCTBY CBO.u;HTCH K
TaKOMY ero pa3MarHHqHBaHHIO, KOTopoe HeCKOJIbKO npeBocxo.u;HT MaKCHMaJIb-
HO B03MOJKHOe pa3MarHHqHBaHHe MarHHTa B IIpouecce ero 3KCnJIyaTaUHH. B
3JIeKTpHqeCKHX MalliHHax IIOCTOHHHbIe MarHHTbI cTa6HJIH3HpOBaHbI H II03TOMY
pa60qaH TOqKa MarHHTHOrO COCTOHHHH MarnHTa BCer,ll;a HaxO)I;HTCH Ha IIpHMOH
B03BpaTa.
II,
B,<:D
1 ' . 1
'I
II!
I
II
I
!
H,F 1,0 H K
IIp 0
PHC. 4.10. K onpej\eJIeHHIO 3HepJ:HH
MaJ:HHTa
B pa60qeH TOqKe P:
rnaBa 4. CMHXpoHHble reHepaTopbl
C nOCTOSlHHblMM MarHMTaMM
OCHOBHble cBoMCTBa M xapaKTepMCTMKM nOCTOSlHHblX MarHMTOB
163
3TOH 3HeprnH "MeeT MeCTO npH ,11(.3 = 1,0 (T.e. npH Pl(3 = "If /4) H .u;nH IIpHBe-
,lIeHHOH paC'IeTHOH KpHBOH pa3MarHH'IHBaHHH paBeH K031jJljJHUHeHTY 1jJ0pMbI
W..,max = y. B 06Il{eM cJIyqae pe3YJIbTHpyrorn,an npoBo.u;HMOCTb BHeIIIHeH Mar-
HHTHOH ueIIH CKna,ll;bmaeTCH H3 nOJIe3HOH npoBo.u;IlMOCTH pa60qero 3a30pa ,1,5 H
npOBO)I;HMOCTH pacceHHHH O,ll;HOrO MarHHTa HnH MarHHTa C apMaTYPoH Au:
Ap=A,5+Au. (4.16)
B COOTBeTCTBHH C npe.u;CTaBJIeHHeM pe3YJIbTHpYIOIl{eH IIpOBO,ll;HMOCTH H
BHelliIUlH 3HeprHH MarHHTa YCJIOBHO MOJKeT 6bITb pa3.u;eJIeHa Ha nOJIe3HYIO
3HeprnIO W,5 H 3HeprnIO pacceHHHH W u , T.e. W..,p = W,5 + W u , r.u;e y.u;eJIbHaH no-
JIe3Han 3HeprnH MarHHTa
W,5.=Bt/l,5 = BI(HI( ,1,5(,11(3 +A..,i/(AI(3 + (,1,5 +Au+A",i.
(4.17)
CTa6HJIH3HpOBaHHOe COCTOH-
HHe MarHHTa XapaKTepH3yeTcH
npHMoH B03BpaTa, TO'-IKa OTXo.u;a
KOTOpOH Ha KpHBOH pa3MarHHqHBa-
HHH "MeeT KOOp)I;HHaTbI B K H H K
(PHC. 4.10). 3KBHBaJIeHTHaH Mar-
HHTHan IIpOBO)I;HMOCTb BHeruHeH
ueIIH B peJKHMe cTa6HnH3aIJ;HH
MarHHTa MOJKeT 6bITb npe,ll;CTaBJIe-
Ha B BH,u;e [92]
,11(3 = (j)xlFI(=BxlHI(=tgpI(3' (4.13)
AHaJIH3HPYH 3TO BblpaJKeHHe, HeTpy.u;HO onpe,ll;eJIHTb, qTO IIPH IjJHKCHpO-
BaHHOM IIOnOJKeHHH npHMOH B03BpaTa (,11(3 = const) MaKCHMYM y.u;eJIbHOH 3Hep-
rnH MarnHTa HMeeT MeCTO npH A60pm = Au + A.., :
W,5 max = BI(H" (,11(3 + A"i/4AI(3 (Au + A..,).
(4.18)
ECJIH MarHHT cTa6HJIH3HpOBaH B cB06o,u;HOM COCTOHHHH (,11(3 = ,1,5), TO
MaKCHMaJIbHaH nOJIe3HaH 3HeprHH MarHHTa
W,5 max = BI(HI( (Au + 1,,,)/( 4Au).
(4.19)
PeruaH COBMeCTHO ypaBHeHHe Mar-
HHTHOH XapaKTepHCTHKH BHelliHeH
uenH Bp = ApHp " ypaBHeHHe IIPH-
MOH B03BpaTa B = BI(+ AM (HI( -H)
C yqeTOM (4.13), HaH.u;eM 3HaqeHHe
HH,u;YKl{HH H HarrpHJKeHHOCTH nOJIH
4.4. Pac...eT MarHHTHoH QeDH C DOCTOHHHbIMH MarHHTaMH
3a,ll;aqa pacqeTa TaKOH IJ;enH COCTOHT B OIIpe.u;eJIeHHH KOHCTPYKIJ;HH, on-
THMaJIbHOH IIO ra6apHTaM, Macce, CTOHMOCTH H ,lI;pyrnM nOKa3aTeJIHM, 06eCIIe-
'IHBaIOllIeH B pa60qeM 3a30pe 3a,ll;aHHOe 3HaqeHHe MarHHTHoro nOTOKa. Ifcxo.u;Jl
H3 HIDKeHepHoH npaKTHK11 MOJKHO npHIUlTb, qTO ,lI;JIH npH3MaTHqeCKOrO MarHHTa
(pHC. 4.11) MJJ:C no BbICOTe OT HeHTpaJIbHoro CeqeHHJI SM H3MeHHeTCH no JIH-
HeHHoMY 3aKoHY:
Bp = BI(A p (AI(3 +A,,,/[(AI(3(A p +A M )) ;
Hp = HI( (,11(3 + A..,) /(A p + A,,,) .
Y,lI;eJIbHan 3HeprHJI, pa3BHBaeMaH MarHHTOM B pa60qeH TOqKe,
(4.14)
( 4.20)
F My = FM/h,,, .
. W..,p = BpHp = BI(HI(A p (AI(3 +A"i/[AI(3(A p +A M )2) .
(4.15)
B BbI.u;eneHHOM 6ecKoHeqHO MaJIOM 3JIeMeHTe nnOIl{a,ll;H 60KOBOH IIO-
BepxHoCTH IIOJIIOCa BbICOTOH dy Ha paccToHHHH y OT HeiiTpaJIbHOrO CeqeHHH
3JIeMeHTapHbIH nOTOK pacceHHHH
d(/Jay2 = F M y]Aay2,
a npoBo.u;HMOCTb 3neMeHTapHoH CHJIOBOH Tpy6KH Ha O.u;HH IIOJIIOC
AHaJIH3 3Toro BbIpaJKeHHH nOKa3bIBaeT, qTO MaruHT pa3BHBaeT BO BHeIll-
HeH cpe.u;e MaKCHMaJIbHYIO 3Hepr11IO, KOr,ll;a pa60qaH TO'IKa HaXO)I;HTCH Ha KPH-
BOH pa3MarHHqHBaHHH (T.e. IIPH YCJIOBHH ,11(3 = A p ). A6conIOTHbIH MaKCHMYM
I! II
il
I II
I,
i l :
164
B<:D
rnaBa 4. CMHXpoHHble reHepaTopbl
C nOCTOSlHHblMM MarHMTaMM
PaC"IeT MarHMTHOM LlenM C nOCTOSlHHblMM MarHMTaMM
165
dAfYJ'2 = /l-O(LJLy2Jdy,
r,ll;e L y2 - .u;nHHa Cpe)I;HeH CHJIOBOH JIHHHH Tpy6KH Ha O.u;HH nomoc.
III!
I,
i l
ill
III
li,j
'ill
/1
I:
!
"I
I'
>.
II;
::;;
...c:
PHC. 4.11. K onpe,neJJeHHlO
npHBe,neHHon npoBo HMOCTH
pacceHHHH MaJ:HHTa:
1 - mOPlfe6",e n06epxHocmu
Mai!HUma;
Z - 6oKo6",e n06epxHocmu;
3 - pa6o ' lUe n06epxHocmu no-
JllOC06
1,0
AM
<DMN
<:D
HHM
F F MO
o
PHC. 4.12. K onpe,neJJeHHIO pa60qen TOQKH
Ha HaJ:paMMe MaJ:HHTa
TIOTOK pacceHHHH C 60KOBOH nOBepxHocTH MarHHTa
h M j FM POl MY
(j)u2 = dy .
o hMl y2
.lL
PHC. 4.13. MO eJJb MaJ:HHTO:}J]eK-
TpHQeCKOn MaJ:HHTHon lIenH
TIoHHTHe IjJHKTHBHOH MJJ:C MarHHTa II03BOJIHeT 3aMeHHTb nocToHHHbIH
MarHHT HCTO'IHHKOM MJJ:C C BHYTpeHHHM COIIpOTHBJIeHHeM, paBHbIM MarHHT-
HOMY conpOTHBJIeHHIO MarHHTaR M = II AM-
IIpH pa60Te MarnHTa Ha BHelliHIOIO MarHHTHYIO uenb (PHC. 4.13) nOTOK
CKna,ll;bIBaeTCH H3 OCHOBHOro nOTOKa B pa60qeM 3a30pe <:DB H IIOTOKa pac-
ceHHHH MarHHTa <:D,,:
OTCIO,lI;a npOBO)I;HMOCTb pacceHHHH C 60KOBOH nOBepXHOCTH MarHHTa,
npHBe.u;eHHaH K MJJ:C o.u;Horo IIOJIIOca:
A. u 2 = (j)u2 = Po 1 M hI ydy .
FM h M 0 lY2
I I
(j)M = (j)(j + (j)u = F M (A.(j + Au), (4.25)
r.u;eA u = 2 Au} + 2 Au2'
B 06eCTOqeHHOH 06MOTKe C qHCJIOM BHTKOB WI npH OTCYTCTBHH HaCbI-
llIeHHH CTanH
(4.21)
F:" = HM h." = Fu = Hub.
Pa60qaH TOqKa Ha .u;HarpaMMe MarHHTa npH I} = 0 Haxo.u;HTCH Ha npHMoH
B03BpaTa B TOqKe P (CM. pHC. 4.12): Ap = A(j + Au = tgpp. IIpH npOTeKaHHH TOKa
no 06MoTKe C03.u;aeTCJI BHelliHHH MJJ:C FB. COrJIaCHO 3aKoH)' nOJIHOrO TOKa
3.u;eCb 3HaK «+» cOOTBeTCTByeT pa3MarHHqHBaIOIl{eH BHelliHeH
3HaK «- » - HaMarHHqHBaIOIl{eH MJJ:C.
YpaBHeHHHM (4.23) H (4.26) COOTBeTCTByeT cxeMa 3aMeIl{eHHH MarHHT-
IIOH uenH Ha O)I;HH IIOJIIOC (pHC. 4.14), r,ll;e MarHHTHoe COIIpOTHBJIeHHe yqHTbI-
BaeT nOTOK pacceHHHH.
]1[3 pHC. 4.] 4 HaXO)J;HTCH Koop.u;HHaTbI pa60qeH TOqKH N Ha .u;HarpaMMe
MarHHTa IIPH B03,l1;eHCTBHH BHelliHeH MAC:
(j)MN = (FMO cT.FBM)A.pAMI (Ap + AM);
F M = (F Mo:3:F BMY Ap AJt! AM (Ap + AM),
FM= F(j :3: F B .
HMO = H K + Bp/l-B,
FMO = FK + (j)K/AM
(4.23)
CYMMapHaH npHBe.u;eHHa51 IIpOBO.u;HMOCTb pacceHHHH MarHHTa
AUM = ACB = 2 Au} + 2 Au2 + Au3, (4.22)
r.u;e Au} - IIpHBe.u;eHHaJI IIpOBO,ll;HMOCTb pacceHHHH C TOPUeBoH nOBepxHocTH
MarHHTa, KOTOpa51 onpe,ll;eJIHeTCH TaK JKe, KaK H Au2 (4.21); Au3 - npoBo.u;HMOCTb
pacceHHHH Mej[()J;y pa60qHMH nOBepxHoCTHMH KaK npoBo.u;HMOCTb Mej[()J;y ,u;BYMH
3KBHnOTeHIJ;HanbHbIMH IIoBepXHOCTJlMH, 06paIl{eHHbIMH B IIpOTHBOnOJIOJKHbIe
CTOpOHbI.
TOqKe OTXO,ll;a IIpJlMOH B03BpaTa K COOTBeTCTBYIOT Koop.u;HHaTbI BK, <:DK,
HK, F K , H eCJIH IIpO,ll;OJIJKHTb JIHHHIO B03BpaTa BJIeBO (PHC. 4.12), TO OHa IIepe-
CeqeT OCb a6cUHcc B TOqKaX HMO, FMo. HanpRJKeHHocTb IIOJIH HMO Ha3bIBaIOT
IjJHKTHBHOH K03PUHTHBHOH CHllOH. If3 pHC. 4.12 BHlIHO, qTO
FMo=HMoh.
H 3TOMY 3HaqeHHIO HMo COOTBeTcTByeT IjJHKTHBHaJI 3JJ:C MarHHTa
(4.23)
I !
.11
(4.26)
MJJ:C,
(4.27)
ill
I
I I!!
166
rnaBa 4. CMHXpoHHble reHepaTOpbl
C nOCTOfIHHblMM MarHMTaMM
3neKTpOMarHMTHbiM paC'IeT CMHXPOHHblX reHepaTopoB
-C nOCTOflHHblMM MarHMTaMM
167
r.ne MJJ:C BHelliHero nOJIH, npHJIOJKeHHaJl HenOCpe,ll;CTBeHHo K IIOJIIOCaM MarHH-
Ta,
r,ll;e ke = E/U H - K031jJIjJHUHeHT, xapaKTepH3YIOIl{HH BHYTpeHHIOIO 3.n;C JlKOpHOH
06MOTKI1; (Ii - paCqeTHbIH K03$t!mUHeHT IIOJ1IOCHOro nepeKpbITI'HI; kp -
K031jJljJHUHeHT 1jJ0pMbI IIOJIJI; ko - 06MOTOqHbIH K031jJIjJHUHeHT; Bo - HH)J;yKIJ;HH B
B03,l1;yruHOM 3a30pe.
F MO = F8 Aol (Ao + A,,).
, (4.28)
MarHHTHbIH IIOTOK B pa60qeM 3a30pe
rPg = (FMO:l:FMO)[(A,, + AM) (ApIAj) AM] AjAM I(Ap + AM)'
(4.29)
xl04 A
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
2
PHC. 4.15. 3aBHcHMoCTL nHHeii-
HOH HaJ:pY3KH OT HOMHHanLHoH
MOIQHOCTH npH OXna*.!l.eHHH:
1 - npullyi)ume.nbllbl.M npoi)y-
BOM; 2 - MUCJlRIlOM cmpyulloM
RM
Ro
F B
Rs
+«1>
s
PHC. 4.14. CxeMa 3aMelQe-
HUH MarHHTHOH «enH C no-
CTOHHHLIMH MaJ:HHTaMH
I
, , ,'\. '\.'\.'\. '\.
....," ............."
+«1>0
o 20 40 60 80 100 120 SH.KBA
IfCXO,ll;HbIMH )!;JIH OIIpe,ll;eneHHH pa3MepoB cr HBnJlIOTCJI 3JIeKTpoMarHHT-
HbIe Harpy3Ku XKOpX A u Bo. B reHepaTopax C nOCTOXHHbIMU MafHlfTal\1H Herro-
cpe,ll;CTBeHHo 3a,ll;aTbCH 3THMH Harpy3KaMH TpY,lI;HO, TaK KaK OHH 3aBHCJlT OT
06'beMa H pa3MepOB MarHHTa, ero xapaKTepHCTHK H CTeIIeHH HCIIOJIb30BaHHH.
O.u;HaKo H3BeCTHO, qTO IIpe,ll;enbHaH 3neKTpOMarHHTHaJI MOIIJ;HOCTb cr C
B036Y)K)I;eHHeM OT BbICOKOK03pUHTHBHbIX MarnHTOB npH IIpO,ll;OJIJKHTeJ1bHOM
peJKUMe pa60TbI OrpaHUQUBaeTCJI He TOJ1I.KO 06'I.eMOM pa3Mern.eHHhIX B HH,!!.YK-
Tope MarnHTOB, HO H ,lI;OIIYCTHMbIM TenJIOBbIM COCTOJlHHeM MaruHHbI. B CHJIY
3Toro IIPH onpe,ll;eneHHH maBHbIX pa3MepOB cr C IIM no (4.31) MOJKHO 3a,ll;a-
BaTbCH npoH3Be.u;eHHeM 3JIeKTpoMarHHTHbIX HarpY30K (ABo).
3HaqeHHHMH A 3a,ll;aIOTCJI HCXO.u;Jl H3 peJKHMa pa60TbI, YCJIOBHH oxnaj[()J;e-
HHH H HOMHHaJIbHOH MOIIJ;HOCTH CrIIM. Ami npo.u;OJIJKHTeJIbHOrO peJKHMa pa-
60TbI 3aBHCHMOCTH nHHeHHoH HarpY3KIf A OT HOMHHaJIbHOH MOIl{HOCTH SH npH
IIpo)J;yBaeMoM H CTPYMHOM MaCJIJlHOM OXJIaJK,lI;eHHH nOKa3aHbI Ha rpaljJHKax
(pHc.4.15).
3HaqeHHJI MarHHTHoH HH,lI;YKIJ;HH B B03)J;yruHOM 3a30pe reHepaTopoB
BapbHpYIOTCH B .u;Harra30He Bo = 0,65...0,9 TJI. EOJIbruHe 3HaqeHHH Bo H3 YKa-
3aHHoro )!.Hana30Ha npHHHMalOTCJI !IpH HCIIOJIb30BaH1:!H MarH!fTOnpoBo)!.oB H3
K06aJIbTOBbIX CIIJIaBOB H HHTeHCHBHOM OXnaJK,lI;eHHH.
06bI'-IH0 (ABo) = (25 - 40 )10 3 TJI'AiM npH OXJIaJK,lI;eHHH IIpO)J;yBOM If
(ABs) = (35 -70)10 3 TJI'AlM IIPH MaCJIHHOM CTPYHHOM OXJIaj[()J;eHHH.
BeJIHqHHa K031jJljJHUHeHTa ke BbI6HpaeTCJI 06bI'IHO B IIpe,ll;eJIax ke =
= 1,2...1,4. TOqHOe 3HaqeHHe k" MOJKeT 6bITb o!Ipe,ll;eJIeHO B npouecce pacqe-ra
If3 ,lI;UarpaMMbI HanpJlJKeHHH.
IIoJIe3HaJI 3HeprHJI, pa3BHBaeMaJl MarHHTOM B pa60qeM 3a30pe C yqeTOM
,lI;eHCTBHH BHelliHero nOJIH,
_ A... + A. A. A."A.
W.. =cP..F = ( F +F 0 M A. ) ( F + F ) 0 M ( 430)
o oM MO MO P MO-8M 2"
A8 F .M J. M (A.c +J. M )
4.5. 3JIeKTpoMarHHTHbIH pac'IeT CHHXPOHHbIX reHepaTopoB
C nOCTOHHHbIMH MarHHTaMH
4.5.1. Bbl60p 3J1CKTpOMarHHTHbix HarpY30K H onpc.nCJlCHHC
I'JIaBHbIX pa3MepoB CrnM
npH npoeKTHpOBaHHH CrnM OCHOBHbIMH BapbHpyeMbIMH IIapaMeTpaMH
HBJIHIOTCJI [79]:
- )l;HaMeTp JlKOpJl no OKPYJKHOCTH B03.u;yruHoro 3a30pa D, MM;
- mmellHaJI HarpY3Ka A, lVM;
- HH,u;YKUHH Ha yqaCTKaX MarHHTHOH ueIIH B j , TJI;
- llJIOTHOCTb TOKa B 06MOTKe HKOpJlj, AIM';;
- qHCnO na30B Ha IIOJIIOC H 4>a3Y q.
K rJIaBHbIM pa3MepaM cr OTHOCJlTCH .u;HaMeTp Di H aKTHBHaJl .u;JIHHa HKO-
pH L j , O!Ipe,ll;eJL'IeMble 1f3 OCHOBHoro paCqeTHOrO ypaBHeHIfJI 3JIeK11J11QeCKOH
MaIIIHHbI (3,l1;eCb H B .u;a.iIbHeHrueM Bce BeJIHqHHbI H3MepJlIOTCH B CHCTeMe e,ll;H-
HHU Cll):
D. 2 L. = O,lk e S H
I I azk(JkoABc n '
(4.31 )
I
168
rnaBa 4. CMHxpoHHble reHepaTopbl
C nOCTOSlHHblMM MarHMTaMM
'I,II
II!I'
3Ha'leHHe paCqeTHOrO K031jJIjJHl{HeHTa nOJIIOCHOrO IIepeKpbITHH ai 3aBH-
CHT OT qHCJIa nap nOJIIOCOB p H H3MeHHeTCH B ,lI;Harra30He OT a[ = 0,6 npH p = 2
,lI;O a[ = 0,78 IIPH P = 6. qHCJIO nap IIOJIlOCOB p orrpe.u;eJIHIOT H3 COOTHOIlleHHJI
p = 60fln. (4.32)
K03IjJIjJHUHeHT 1jJ0pMbI IIOJIH ktjJ B CrnM MeHHeTCH B He60JIbUIOM .u;HaIIa-
30He (ktjJ= 1,10...1,15) H,lI;JIH orrpe.u;eneHHH rnaBHbIX pa3MepOB cr MOJKHO pe-
KOMeH,u;OBaTb 3HaqeHHe ktjJ = 1,11.
06MOTOqHbIH K031jJljJHUHeHT ko B cJIyqae npHMeHeHHH .u;ByxcnoHHoH 06-
MOTKH C OTHOCHTeJIbHbIM IllarOM YKopOqeHHH Y = 0,8...0,87 npe.u;BapHTeJIbHO
BbI6HpaeTCH B IIpe,ll;eJIax ko = 0,9...0,92.
JJ:nH onpe,ll;eJIeHHH rJIaBHbIX pa3MepoB MaUIHHbI He06xo.u;HMO 3a,ll;aTbCH
reOMeTpHqeCKHM ljJaKTOpOM A - OTHOCHTeJIbHOH .u;nHHoH cr , xapaKTepH3YIO-
Il{eH OTHOIlleHHe aKTHBHOH .u;nHHbI pOTopa L i K ee ,llHaMeTpy D i , T.e.
A = LIDi . (4.33)
JJ:JIH cr C TIM Ha pOTope A - 0,5...1,0. MeHbIIIHe 3Ha'IeHHJI A COOTBeTCT-
ByroT 60JIbIlleMY qHCny IIOJIIOCOB, H Ha060poT.
If3 COOTHOIlleHHH (4.31) H (4.33) Ha OCHOBe HCXO)I;HbIX ,lI;aHHbIX, BbI6paH-
HbIX 3HaqeHHH 3JIeKTpOMarHHTHbIX HarpY30K H paCqeTHbIX K031jJljJHUHeHTOB
OIIpe,ll;eJIHIOT llHaMeTp pOTopa
I
li,i
11
I,
I I '
'I,
'I I
j II
[Iill
III
'Iii II
,
D = 'J,j O,lk e S" l[a,k ko(AB Ii )n"A.].
(4.34)
AKTHBHaJI .u;nHHa pOTopa
L i =)J)i'
(4.35)
OKpYJKHaH CKOpOCTb pOTopa
v = 7fD i n/60
(4.36)
He ,lI;OJIJKHa npeBbIIllaTb IIpe,ll;eJIbHbIX 3HaqeHHH, IIpHBe,ll;eHHbIX B Ta6n. 4.3.
BaJKHeHUIHM reOMeTpHqeCKHM IIapaMeTpoM cr HBJIHeTCH TaKJKe BeJIH'IH-
Ha B03.u;yruHoro 3a3opa D. JJ:JIH cr C IIM BeJIHqHHa D onpe,ll;eJIHeTCH IIPH6JIH-
JKeHHO H3 COOTHOIlleHHH
II I
i ll
I I
I
i i
b = (5 -8)1(f3D.
(4.37)
TIpaKTHKa npoeKTHpoBaHHH cr C TIM IIOKa3bIBaeT, qTO IIPH MOIl{HOCTII
SH = (10...200) KBA H Tpa,ll;HUHoHHOM HCIIOJIHeHHH MaruHHbI D = (6...9)10- 4 M.
BbI6paHHbIe TaKHM 06pa30M rJIaBHbIe pa3MepbI cr C TIM HBJIHIOTCH IIPH-
6JIHJKeHHbIMH. B xo.u;e .u;aJIbHeHruHx paCqeTOB HeH36eJKHO B03HHKaeT He06xo-
,lI;HMOCTb HX KoppeKTHpoBKH.
3neKTpOMarHMTHbiM paC'IeT CMHXPOHHblX reHepaTopOB
C nOCTOSlHHblMM MarHMTaMM
169
4.5.2. PaC'ICT 06'LCMa nOCTOHHHblX MarHHTOB H reOMCTpH'ICCKHX
pa3McpoB pOTopa
BBH.u;y HeBbIcoKOH MeXaHHqeCKOH IIPOqHOCTH MaTepHaJIOB IIM KaK B po-
Topax THIIa «3Be3,l1;OqKID), TaK H B pOTOpax KonneKTopHoro THna He06xo.u;HMO
npHMeHeHHe 6aH.u;aJKa (CM. pHC. 4.1 - 4.3). OH BbIIIOJIHHeTCH B BH,u;e JIH60
cnnOUIHoro UHJIHH,lI;pa H3 HeMarHHTHOH CTaJJJf, JIH60 B BH.u;e cBapHoro UHJIHH,lI;-
pa C qepe.u;yroIIIHMHcH yqaCTKaMH H3 MarnHToMHrKoH H HeMarHHTHOH CTaJIeH. B
nOCJIelIHeM cJIyqae MarHHTOMHrKHe yqaCTKH BbIIIOJIHHIOT pOJIb IIOJIIOCHbIX Ha-
KOHeqHHKOB, qTO .u;enaeT 3ry KOHCTpYKWIIO 6aH.u;aJKa 60JIee npHBJIeKaTeJIbHoH.
TIpH H3BeCTHbIX qaCTOTe BpaIl{eHHH pOTopa, ero ,lI;HaMeT e H IIPOqHOCTH
HCnOJIb3yeMoro MaTepHaJIa TOJIllIHHa 6aH.u;aJKa npH6JIHJKeHHO onpe.u;eJIHeTCH
BbrpaJKeHHeM
2 2 2 )
Op r M(D i -t5)(D i -D p
h -
t5 - 160"T
(4.38)
r.u;e np = 21tn - yrnoBaH CKOpOCTb BpaIl{eHHH pOTopa; YM - y.u;eJIbHaH nJIOTHOCTb
IIM (.u;JIH TIM Ha 6a3e pe.u;K03eMeJIbHbIX MaTepHaJIOB Y ::::: 8500 Kr/M 3 ); Dp - ,lI;Ha-
MeTp Bana pOTopa (MOJKHO npHHHTb Dp::::: 0,3Dj); crT - IIpe.u;eJI npOqHOCTH MaTe-
pHaJIa 6aH,u;aJKa.
IIpH HeBbICOKHX yrJIOBbIX CKOpOCTHX BpaIl{eHHH pOTopa TOJIIl{HHa 6aH-
.u;aJKa hI) YTOqHHeTCH C yqeTOM TeXHOJIOrnqeCKHX co06paJKeHHH.
CBe.u;eHHH 0 npOqHOCTHbIX CBOHCTBaX KOHCTpyKIJ;HOHHbIX MaTepHaJIOB,
IIpHMeIUleMbIX B 3JIeKTpHqeCKHX MaruHHax, IIpHBe.u;eHbl B pa60Tax [71,121].
JJ:JIH nOCJIe.u;yroIl{HX paCqeTOB reoMeTpHqeCKHX pa3MepoB pOTopa cr CJIe-
.u;yeT orrpe,ll;eJIHTb He06xo.u;11MbIH 06'beM IIM. IIpH eCTecTBeHHoH cTa6HJIH3aUHH
HanpHJKeHHH HJIH perYJIHpOBaHHH ero no.u;MarHHqHBaHHeM cnHHKH HKOpJl 06'b
eM MarnHTa OIIpe.u;eJIHIOT IIO 1jJ0pMYJIe
0,225 S"f.JIO" p k ad k K3
B H f 1- ( cosrp/ ) _sin rp/
J\W ]".,KK f /KK3 /KK3
V M
(4.39)
r.u;e 6 K031jJljJHUHeHT pacceHHHH B peJKHMe XOJIOCTOrO XO,ll;a; kad - K03IjJIjJHUH-
eHT HBe.u;eHHH MJJ:C peaKl{HH JlKOpH IIO npO,ll;OJIbHOH OCH K MJJ:C B036YJK.u;e-
HHH; k K 3 - KpaTKOCTb TOKa KopOTKoro 3aMbIKaHHH; B MO - HH.u;YKUHH npH XOJIO-
CTOM xo.u;e B HeHTpaJIbHOM CeqeHHH MarHHTa; H MK - HanpHJKeHHOCTb nOJIH B
MarH11Te npH YCTaHOBHBIlleMCH K. 3. reHepaTopa.
AIIpHOpHO BbIDHpaeMbIe 3HaqeHHH K03IjJIjJHIIHeHTOB B (4.39) H MeTO,ll;HKa
paCqeTa OCHOBHbIX 3JIeMeHTOB pOTopa 3aBHCJlT OT THna pOTopa.
II
I
I
11 1 11
I' I
II
I"
'III I
' 1 ' 1 1
, 1,I,
170
rnaBa 4. CMHXpoHHble reHepaTOpbl
C nOCTOflHHblMM MarHMTaMM
3neKTpoMarHMTHbiM paC'IeT CMHXPOHHblX reHepaTopoB
C nOCTORHHblMM MarHMTaMM
171
Pomop muna «36e300'lKa), C npU3MalnU'IeCKUMU MQZIIUmIlMU. IIpH OII-
pe,ll;eJIeHHH 06'beMa IIM npe,u;BapHTeJIbHO BbI6HpaIOT 3HaqeHHJI.K03<pIjJHUHeHToB
(4.3!; C y:eTO CJIe)J;yIOru;Hx peKOMeH,u;aQHH: PI = 1,1... 1,15; kad = 0.85...0,86;
k K3 - _...3, k,p - 1,11. .D:ml BbICOKOK03pUHTHBHbIX IIM H3 pe,ll;K03eMeJIbHbIX Ma-
TepHaJIOB MOJKHO CqHTaTb B MO = (0,8... 0,9)TJI H H MK = O.5Hc. OpHeHTHpOBOq-
Hoe 3HaqeHHe K031jJljJHUHeHTa 0"0 BbI6HpaIOT no KpHBbIM (PHC. 4.16) B 3aBHCH-
MOCTH OT qHCJIa nap nOJIIOCOB pH MOru;HOCTH cr.
BaJKHeHIIIHM H3 pa3MepOB pa3Meru;aeMbIX Ha pOTope IIM JlBJIHeTCH BbICO-
Ta MarHHTa h M , TaK KaK OHa orrpe,ll;emleT MAC B036pK,lJ,emUI n YCTOllqHBOCTb K
pa3MarHHqHBaHHIO nOJIeM peaKIJ;HH RKOpJl. Ifcxo.u;Jl H3 .u;OIIyru;eHHH, qm MaKCH-
MaJIbHOe pa3MarHHqHBaHHe HMeeT MeCTO B peJKHMe K 3, 3aIIHrueM
D6 = D - 2(15 + h +h M + h 6m +L1,,), (4.44)
r,ll;e 11" - npnparu;eHne BhICOTbI nOJIIOCHoro HaKOHeqHHKa npll IlCnOJIb30BamUI
npH3MaTH'IeCKl1X IIM,
/':..H ::;;0,5 {(D - 28 - 2h" )arcsin[6 M I(D- 28 - 2h" )ll2 -6 .
IIOJIyqeHHbIH TaKHM 06pa30M .u;H8MeTp BaJIa reHepaTopa ,lI;OJIJKeH OTBe-
qaTb Tpe60BaHlUlM MeXaHHqeCKOll IIpO'lHOCTH, T.e.
D6 ,J k]S" 1 ( 21m"C1'K ) '
(4.45)
H..., O,9 7fPIKadKoKk:fJ;AI(2pHMK)' (4.40)
r,ll;e A OIIpe,ll;emlIOT no rpaljJHKY pHC. 4.15.
. CqHTaJI ,lI;JIHHY MarHHTa IMpaBHoH aKTHBHOH .u;JIHHe JlKOpH I, TO eCTb
1M"'" I, HaXO,ll;HM IIIHPHHY MarHHTa:
r,ll;e UK - npe.u;eJI npOqHOCTH Ha KpyqeHHe MaTepHaJIa BaJIa (CM. mOJI. 4.3), k3 =
=2...3 - Ko3$IjJHWIeHT 3arraca.
Pomop KOlUleKmOpllOZO muna. 06'beM TIM B HH.u;yKTOpe onpe,ll;eJIJlIOT IIO
1jJ0pMyne (4.39), HCIIonb3Y»: CJIe,nyroru;He npe,ll;BapmenbHbIe 3HaQemUI K03$-
IjJHWIeHTOB: PI = 1,2...1,25; Uo = 1,15...1,20; kKj= 2,2:..2,8; katf= 0;82...0,87;
k,p = 1,11. AJIH TIM Ha 6a3e pe,ll;K03eMeJIbHbIX MaTepHaJIOB B MO = (0,8... 0,9)BI H
H MK = 0,5 Hc.
OCHOBHbIe pa3MepbI HH.u;YKTOpa, K KOTOpbIM OTHOCSlTCJI ruHpHHa 6 M , BbI-
COTa h M H MaKCHMaJIbHaJl ):!JIHHa 1 M MarHHTIi, onpe,nemlIOT H3yCJIOBHJI pa3Me-
meHH» MafHHTa B pOTope.
MaKCHMaJThHOe 3aIIOJIHeHHe pOTopa npH3MaTHqeCKHMH MarHHTaMH
MOJKHO 06eCneqHTb npH conpHKOCHOBeHHH HX BHYTpeHHHX TOPUOB, IIPHMbI-
Karoru;HX K HeMarHHTHOH BryJIKe. O,ll;HaKO )!;JIJI JIyqruero HCnOJIb30BaHHH 3Hep-
rnH IIM ueneco06pa3HO IIpe)J;yCMOTpeTb HeKOTopbIH 3a30p MeJK.u;y BHyTpeHHH-
MH TopUaMH coce,nHHX IIM, BeJIHqHHa KOToporo XapaKrepH3YeTCJI OTHOCHTeJIb-
HbIM IIOKa3aTeJIeM /':.. * . 3a,ll;aBruHcb 3HaqeHHeM 3Toro IIOKa3aTeJIJI ( 06bI'IHO
/':..""",0,07. .. 0, 15), MOJKHO oIIpe.u;eJIHTb OCHOBHbIe pa3MepbI pOTopa.
lllHpHHa TaH'feHl{HaJIbHOrO HaMarHHqeHHOrO MarHHTa
6,\1 = V;\I /(2p (".I h...J.
(4.41 )
MaKCHMaJIbHO B03MOJKHaH ruHpHHa MarnHTa IIpH BbIqHCJIeHHbIX reOMeT-
pH'IeCKHX pa3MepaX pOTopa
6 Mmax = (D-2t5-2 h -2 hwJtg (7f/2p).
(4.42)
IIpH BbIIIonHeHHH YCJIO-
BHJI 6 M S 6 M max MarHHTbI IIOJIY-
qeHHbIX pa3MepoB pa3Meru;aroT-
..CH B 06'beMe pOTopa, OlIHaKO
CJIe)J;yeT y6e.u;HTbcSI, BOH)I;YT JIH
B OCTaBllieeCH He3aHHTbIM ceqe-
HHe pOTopa MarHHTOMHrKaH
BryJIKa H BaJI.
JJ:aJIee BbIDHpaIOT MarHH-
TOMHrKHii MaTepHaJI BryJIKH H C
yqeTOM ero CBOHCTB 3a,ll;aIOTCJI
3HaqeHHeM HH.u;yKIJ;HH BO BTYJI-
Ke B 6m ::;; 1,5...1,8 Tn.
r.u;e a p - KOHCTpyKTUBHbIH K03$ljJuuueHT nonIOCHoro nepeKpbITH»; a p =
= 0,6...0,7.
IIpn YCJIOBnH paBeHCTBa JUUIHbI MafHHTa 1 M n XKOpX I nerKO MOJKHO BhI-
qHCJIHTb BbICOTY TaHreHUHaJThHO HaMarHHqeHHOrO MarHHTa
h...,i=V M /(2p I M 6 M ). (4.47)
1,1
3
SH
KBA
6 M = O.5(a p - /':..*)D,
(4.46)
1,0
o
80
40
60
100
20
PUC. 4.16. OpueHTUpOBO"lHble 3H8-
"IeHUH K03..ulIueHTa pacceuHuH MH UH-
Jl.YKTopa Tuna «3Be3)J.O"lKa c nOJlIOCHblMU
HaKOHe"lHUKaMH U "IUCJlOM nOJlIOCOB:
1 - p = 4; 2 - p = 3; 3- p = 2
Tor,ll;a BbICOTa BTYJIKH
(4.43)
PaCCqHTaHHOe 3HaqeHHe h M ,lI;OJIJKHO Y,lI;OBJIeTBOpJlTb COOTHOIlleHHIO
h M min < h M < h M m=
h6m=O,5BMo6 B6m .
.D:HaMeTp BaJIa pOTOpa cr C IIM
I
II: I
i;I'11
111
\'ill
I II
1 111
I
I
II I
!I
1 1I1
1 1 "1
1':111
I JI
:1
)11111
1;11
\
I
1 111
III
' 1 1111
II
1' 1 111
III
II:
172
rnaBa 4. CMHXpoHHble reHepaTopbl
C nOCTOHHHblMM MarHMTaMM
173
3neKTpoMarHMTHbiM paC"IeT CMHXpoHHblX reHepaTopoB
C nOCTOHHHblMM MarHMTaMM
r,ll;e
hAt min = O,9:np,kadkokk"3DA 1(2pH AtK );
h Atmax =D 6m tg(:n/2j:).
b p = K(j b, (4.53)
r,ll;e K(j - K031jJljJHuHeHT KapTepa, yqHTbIBalOIIJ;HH HaJIH'-IHe na30B H 3y6uOB Ha
cTaTope (IIpe,ll;BapHTeJIbHO K(j "" 1,2);
_ B MalliHHaX C na30BbIM CTaTOpOM H HeMarnHTHbIM 6aH,lI;aJKOM
(4.48)
(4.49)
3,l1;eCb D 6m - BHenIHHH ,lI;HaMeTp HeMarHHTHo:I BryJIKH (CM. pHC. 4.21)
(4.50)
r,ll;e D..H = {(D- 28 - 2h" )arcsin[h M I(D-28 -2h" )]}2 -h M 2 .
BbICOTY cnHHKH HeMarHHTHOH BryJIKH h 6m BbI6HpalOT H3 KOHCTPYKTHB-
HbIX co06paJKeHHH (opHeHTHpOBOqHO h 6m == (4.. .10) x 1O- 3 M).
JJ:HaMeTp Bana pOTopa D6 onpe,ll;eJIHeTCH H3 COOTHOlIIeHHH
b p = (b + h(j) K(j; (4.54)
D 6m = D - 2 (b+ ho+ Ll H +6,,,),
_ B MaruHHax C 6eCna30BbIM CTaTOpOM nOJIHbIH B03)J;yUIHbIH 3a30p
D2 AD D
8 = h ,,+ht5 +8 = (-) +- -- (4.55)
p 0 2 jK 3M 2 '
D6 5 D 6m -2h 6m
(4.51)
r,u;e hoB - BbICOTa 06MOTKH HKOpH; j - nnOTHOCTb TOKa B 06MOTKe; K3JW - K031jJ-
IjJHUHeHT 3anOJIHeHHH 06JIaCTH B03,u;yruHoro 3a30pa Me,u;bIO, ,lI;JIJI 6eCna30BbIX
MaruHH K 3M = 0,25...0,35.
IInoTHocTb TOKa j B IIPOBo,u;HHKax 06MOTKH HKOpH npH IIPO,u;OJIJKHTeJIb-
HOM peJKHMe pa60TbI reHepaTopa BbI6HpalOT B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT YCJIOBHH oxna-
j[()J;eHHH:
- IIPH CaMOBeHTHnHUHH
- IIPH IIpHHy,u;HTenbHoM npo)J;yBe
_ npH JKH)J;KOCTHOM OXJIaJK,lI;eHHH j = (18...25) x 106 AlM2;
_ npH HcnapHTeJIbHOM OXJIaJK,lI;eHHH j ,u;o 40 x 1 0 6 A/ .
IIo H3BeCTHbIM reoMeTpH'-lecKUM pa3MepaM H xapaKTepHCTHKaM IIM pac-
CqHTbIBaIOT HH.u;yKUHIO no IIoBepXHoCTH MarHHTa B peJKHMe XOJIOCTOrO XO,ll;a:
1 Br
B"o = l ) ,
, l+k p k z 28p Brl ohpO"oHc 0"0
C yqeTOM MeXaHHqecKoro paCqeTa IIO (4.45).
EcnH YCJIOBHH IIO pa3MeIl{eHHIO MarnHTOB, BryJIKH H BaJIa BbIIIOJIHHIOTCH,
TO IIpe,u;BapHTeJIbHbIH BbI60p reOMeTpHqeCKHX pa3MepOB pOTOpa MOJKHO CqH-
TaTb 3aBepIlleHHbIM. ECJIH JKe 3TH YCJIOBHH He BbIIIOJIHHlOTCJI, TO CJIe,u;yeT rrpo-
BeCTH nOBTopHbIH paCqeT, JIH60 H3MeHHB napaMeTp A., JIH60 BbI6paB JIyqruHH no
MarHHTHbIM CBOHCTBaM MaTepHaJI IIM.
qT06bI y6e,u;HTbCH B IIpaBHJIbHOCT11 IIpOBe,ll;eHHbIX paC'IeTOB, ueJIeco06-
pa3HO BbIIIOJIHHTb 3CKH3 nOnepeqHOrO CeqeHHH pOTopa C C06JIIO,u;eHHeM pa3Me-
pOB.
j=(6...8)x 10 6 AI ;
j=(I0...12)x 106A1M2;
(4.56)
4.5.3. PaC'ICT 06MOTKH H MarHHTonpoBo,ZJ;a HKOpH
B CrIIM IIpeHMYIIJ;eCTBeHHo IIpHMeIUlIOTcH ,u;BYXCJIOHHbIe IIeTJIeBbIe 06-
MOTKH, n03BOnJIIOIIJ;He YMeHbUIHTb pacxo,u; Me,u;H H H30JIHY_,HOHHbIX MaTepHaJIOB,
a TaKJKe ynyqUIHTb 1jJ0PMY KpHBOH 3JJ:C. B pH,u;e CJIyqaeB MorYT HCIIOJIb30BaTb-
CJI H O,u;HOCJIOHHbIe 06MOTKH.
npoeKTHpoBaHHH HKOpHOH 06MOTKH He06xo,ll;MMO npe,u;BapHTeJIbHO
OIIpe,ll;eJIHTb pJl,u; napaMeTpoB.
IIOJIIOCHOe ,lI;eJIeHHe 1: oIIpe,u;eJIHIOT IIO COOTHOIlleHHIO
r,u;e kp - K03IjJljJHUHeHT HaCbIIIJ;eHHH CTaJIbHbIX yqaCTKOB MarHHTHoH uenH (k p =
= 1,05...1,15); k z - K031jJIjJHWIeHT, yqHTbIBaIOIIJ;HH YMeHbUIeHHe HOpMaJIbHOH
cocTaBnHIOIl{eii: HH,lI;yKIJ;HH IIO B03.u;yruHOMY 3a30py,
D {I + 28 p I D P 1 .
k z = 2p8 p (1+28 p I D P +1'
4.57)
:nD
.=-. (4.52)
2p
PaCqeTHaH BeJIHqHHa B03,u;YIIIHoro 3a30pa b p 3aBHCMT OT KOHCTpYKTHBHbIX
oc06eHHocTeH cr:
- B MaruHHax C na30BbIM cTaTopoM H IIonIOCHbIMH HilKOHeqHHKaMH B BH,u;e
MarHHTOMHrKHX yqaCTKOB 6aH,lI;aJKa
h " = 2 hAt ,u;JIH pOTopa THna «3Be3,u;OqKH» H h = hAt - ,u;JIH pOTopa KonneKTop-
Horo THna.
Pomop muna «(36e300'lKa}) C npU3MamU'IeCKUMU MuznUmaMU. IlIHpH-
HY IIOJIIOCOB B KOHCTPYKUHH pOTopa THIIa «c60pHaH 3Be3,u;OqKa» npHHHMaIOT
6 p ==(1,I0...1,15) 6,,,.
CpelIH HH no ,u;miHe B03)J;yruHOro 3a30pa HH,lI;YKWIJI B MaruHHe C pa,ll;HaJIb-
HO HaMarHllqeHHbIMH TIM
1111
1111
11111
'1111
IIII
I1II
1111
II
, I
I I
I'll,
IIII
1 1 "'
jll
1\1
,I'lm
1)
I,I I
11
,\
II:I!I
1:11 1
III'
I
'II
I
!'IIIII
, I
I 111
II
11 111'
1 '11 11
l'llii
174
175
rnaBa 4. CMHXpoHHble reHepaTopbl
C nOCTOSlHHblMM MarHMTaMM
3neKTpoMarHMTHbiM paC"IeT CMHXPOHHblX reHepaTopoB
C nOCTOSlHHblMM MarHMTaMM
Blio = KzBAtOBMIM/(Bpz), (4.58)
r,ll;e .u;nHHa MarHHTa 1 M paBHa HJIH HeCKOJIbKO (Ha 4...8 MM) 60JIbIlle I.
Pomop KO.1l.1leKmOpnozo muna. lllHpHHa nOJIIOCa Bp B MaruHHax C POTD--
pOM KOJIneKTOpHoro THna
lH = SH / (mU,p,J.
(4.66)
IInoru;a,ll;b nOnepeqHOrO CeqeHHH IIpoBo.u;a 06MOTKH oIIpe.u;enHIOT HCXO,ll;H
H3 .u;onYCTHMoH IIJIOTHOCTH TOKa
Bp = T-D arctg(hJD).
qnp =/H/j.
(4.67)
(4.59)
!aK KaK MarHHTHbIH nOTOK nOJIIOCa CKJIa,ll;bIBaeTCH H3 IIOTOKa C nOBepx-
HOCTeli COCe,ll;HHX TaHreHUHaJIbHO HaMarnHqeHHbIX MarnHTOB, TO He06xo.u;lIMO
BbIqHCnHTb K031jJljJHUHeHT KOHueHrpaWIH HH.u;yKUHH k... TIpH YCJIOBHH, '-!TO
)!;JIHHa IIOJIIOCa Ip = 1 M .
06ruee qHCJIO IIa30B HKOpJl ,lI;JIH YKJIa,ll;KH 06MOTKH onpe.u;ellHIOT IIO COOT-
HOllieHHIO
Z = 2pmq,
(4.68)
k« = 2o},,/ Bp.
(4.60)
r.u;e q - qHCJIO IIa30B Ha IIonIOC H ljJa3Y.
AJIH YMeHbllieHHH oTpHuaTeJIbHOrO BJIHHHHH BbICIIIHX rapMoHHK 3JJ:C
JKeJIaTenbHO BbI6HpaTb qHCJIO IIa30B Ha IIOJIIOC H ljJa3Y no B03MOJKHOCTH 60JIb-
lliHM H .u;P06HbIM. B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT qHCJIa nOJIIOCOB IIPH m = 3 peKoMeH)J;yeTcH
BbI6HpaTb 3HaqeHHe q H3 cne,ll;YIOIWIx pH.u;OB:
- 2p = 4 11/2,21/2, 31/2, 41/2, 51/2,...;
-2p=6 - 1/2,11/2,21/2,31/2,41/2,...;
- 2p = 8 - 3/4,11/4, 11/2, 13/4, 21/4, 21/2, 31/4,...;
_ 2p = 10 - 3/5, 4/4, 11/5, 12/5, 13/5, 14/5, 21/5,...;
-2p=12- 3/4,11/4,11/2,13/4,21/4,....
B reHepaTopax 60JIblliOH MOIl{HOCT11 06MOTKY HKOpH BbIIIOJIHHIOT H3 npo-
BO.u;HHKOB npHMoyrOJIbHOrO CeqeHHH. IIpli 3TOM qHCJIO IIpOBO,u;HHKOB B IIa3Y Un
MOJKeT 6bITb BIIOJIHe OIIpelleJIeHHbIM - 2, 4, 6, TaK KaK YKJIa)I;Ka 60JIbllierO HX
qHCJIa B IIa3 BbI3bIBaeT 3HaqHTeJIbHbIe TeXHOJIOrHqeCKlie Tpy.u;HOCTH. II03TOMY
Ha npaKTHKe ueneco06pa3HO, 3a,ll;aBlliHCb qHCJIOM npOBo.u;HHKOB B na3Y Un, no-
,lI;06paTb 3HaqeHHe q H3 BbIllienpHBe.u;eHHbIx pH.u;OB Ha OCHOBe ero npH6nHJKe-
HHH, onpe.u;eJIHeMoro COOTHOllieHHeM
Tor.u;a HH.u;yKfIHH B B03.u;yruHOM 3a30pe MaruHHbI C pOTOpOM 3Toro THIIa B
peJKHMe XOJIOCTOrO XO,ll;a
Blio = kzkBBMO.
(4.61 )
YTOqHeHHOe 3HaqeHHe pacqeTHoro K03IjJljJHUHeHTa nOJIIOCHoro nepeKpbI-
THH npH paBHOMepHOM B03.u;yruHOM 3a30pe nOlI IIOJIIOCOM
4
ai = ap +
'l'/t5 p +CT/(I-ap)'
(4.62)
r,ll;e a p = BpiT - KOHCTpYKTHBHbIH K03IjJcpHIJ;HeHT nOJIlOCHOrO nepeKpbITHH.
PaCqeTHYIO BeJIHqHHY MarHHTHoro IIOTOKa nOJIlOCa B peJKHMe XOJIOCTOro
XO,ll;a OIIpe,ll;eJIHIOT IIO 1jJ0pMYJIe
cP lio = IholTai.
(4.63 )
W,pa n «
q= , (4.69)
PUn
r.u;e a n « - qHCJIO IIapaJIJIeJIbHbIX BeTBeH 06MOTKH ljJa3bI, KaK IIpaBHJIO, a n « = 1.
He06xo)I;HMOCTb BbI6HpaTb 3HaqeHHe a n « > 1 B03HHKaeT B MOIl{HbIX HJIH HH3KO-
BOJIbTHbIX reHepaTopax, Kor.u;a IIJIoru;a,ll;b IIOIIepeqHOrO CeqeHHH ljJa3bI qljJ BeJIHKa
H npeBbIlliaeT HaH60JIbruee CeqeHHe BbIIIYCKaeMbIX cepHHHO 06MOTOqHbIX IIpO-
BO.u;OB. KpOMe Toro, npH BbIIIOJIHeHHH 6eCIIa30BOH 06MOTKH ueJIeC006pa3HO
pa36HeHlIe ee Ha pH,lI; IIapanneJIbHbIX BeTBeH ,lI;JIH CHHJKeHHH nOTepb OT BHxpe-
BbIX TOKOB.
IIocJIe BbI60pa 3HaqeHlIH IIapaMeTpOB a n «, Un H q no (4.68) onpe.u;eJIHIOT
'IHCJIO IIa30B cTaTopa HJIH 'IHCJIO ceKUHH, Ha KOTopbIe pa36HBaeTcH 6eCna30BaH
IIpe,ll;BapHTeJIbHoe qHCnO nOCne,ll;OBaTeJIbHO COe)I;HHeHHbIX BHTKOB B ljJa3e
06MOTKH cTaTopa:
W _ Eo
,p - 4k,pkof cPlio ' (4.64)
r,ll;e Eo - 3JJ:C XOJIOCTOrO XO,ll;a, BbIqHCliHeMaH IIPH eCTeCTBeHHOH CTa6HJIH3aIJ;HH
HaIIpRJKeHHH H IIO,ll;MarHHqHBaHHH cnHHKH JlKOpJl IIO 1jJ0pMYJIe
Eo = U ,pH .J 2 ( 1 + sin rp) .
(4.65)
HOMHHaJIbHbIH TOK ljJa3bI
1 1111
I
I
II
1'1
I
111
11II1
,111 1
,
1III1
1' 1 ""
Iii!
176
rnaBa 4. CMHXpoHHble reHepaTopbl
C nOCTORHHblMM MarHMTaMM
06MOTKa. JJ:nH 06eCrre'leHHH cHMMeTpHH .u;BYXCJIOHHOH HKOpHOH 06MOTKH
.u;OJIJKHbI BbIITOJIHHTbCH CJIe)J;yIOIl{He YCJIOBHH:
Z I (ml) - u,eJIoe '1HCJIO;
(4.70)
(4.71)
2pl d - u,eJIoe '1HCJIO,
r.u;e 1 - HaH60JIblliHH .u;eJIHTeJIb Z H p; d - 3HaMeHaTeJIb npOCTOH ,lI;p06H 'lHCJIa q.
YTO'lHeHHOe '1HCJIO BHTKOB B 06MOTKe ljJa3bI
WtjJ = u"p q la,,«.
(4.72)
ECJIH OTKJIOHeHHe YTOQHeH-
Horo qHCJIa BHTKOB OT IIpe.u;BapH-
TeJIbHO oIIpe.u;eJIeHHOrO no (4.64)
cYIl{eCTBeHHo, TO .u;JIH BbIpaBH11Ba-
HHH 3JJ:C TaKoH 06MOTKU C pac-
'1eTHbIM 3Ha'leHHeM Eo MOJKHO pe-
KOMeH.u;OBaTb IIPH npOBe.u;eHHH
paC'IeTHbIX HTepaD;HH ueJIeHanpaB-
JIeHHO H3MeHHTb aKT11BHYIO .u;JI11HY
Poco 4.17. 3y6QOB8H 3008 CT8TOp8 HKOpH HJIU BeJIH'lHHY HH.u;yKD;HH B
B03p;yruHOM 3a30pe Bo .
JJ:JIH YMeHbllieHHH COnpoTHBJleHHH B03)J;ylliHoro 3a30pa H CHHJKeHHH 3y6-
U,OBbIX rryJIbCaD;HH IIOTOKa IIa3bI HKOpJl 06bI'lH0 BbIIIOJIHHIOT IIOJIYOTKpbITbIMH.
IIpH H3rOTOBJIeHHH 06MOTKH HKOpH H3 IIpoBo.u;a IIpJlMOyroJIbHOro CeqeHHH IIa3bI
OKa3bIBaIOTCH IIpJlMOyroJIbHbIMH, a 3y6QbI - TpaIIeu,eH,u;aJIbHbIMH (puc. 4.17).
MHHHMaJIbHYIO lliHP11HY 3y6ua B 3TOM cJIyqae MOJKHO oIIpe.u;eJIHTb H3 co-
OTHOllieHHH
It I
''11''1
/1 1
II I
1 II
I
1 111 1
1111
I
hili
11111 1
I I'I!'
l ri
6Z m i" = Bo8IZI(Bzmaxk3c),
(4.73)
r.u;e Iz = 1T:D I Z - 3y6u,oBoe .u;eJIeHHe IIO .u;HaMeTpy HKOpJl; BZmax - .u;OIIycTHMoe
3Ha'leHHe HH.u;yKU,HU B 3y6u,e; k 3C - K031jJIjJHu,HeHT 3aIIOJIHeHHJI CTaJIbIO MarHH-
TOIIpoBo.u;a (IIpH TOJIIl{HHe JIHCTa !In = 0,5 MM, k 3C = 0,95; IIPH b..,7 = 02 MM, k 3C =
=0,9).
MaKCHMaJIbHOe 3HaqeHHe .u;OIIYCTHMbIX IfH.u;yKU11H B 3y6u,e C HepaBHo-
MepHbIM Ce'leHHeM : Bz max = 1,6...1,9 TJI.u;JIH CTaJIIf 1411; Bz max = 1,9...2,1 TJI
,lI;JIH CTaJIeH 27KX H 49K2<:D.
113 co06paJKeHHH MeXaHUqeCKOH npO'lHOCTH H TeXHOJIOrn'lHOCTH u,eJIe-
co06pa3Ho BbI6upaTb 6Z m in 2MM.
HaH,lI;eHHOe 3Ha'ieHUe 6Z m in onpe.u;eJIHeT lliHpHHy IIa3a
I
lilli,
3neKTpOMarHMTHbiM paC'IeT CMHXPOHHblX reHepaTopoB
C nOCTORHHblMM MarHMTaMM
177
b _1T:{D+2h K )/ -b . (4.74)
n - 7z zmln'
r.u;e h k = (1,3. . .1,5) MM - BbICOTa KOpOHKH 3y6u,a.
C yqeTOM BbI6paHHoro qHCJIa IIpOBO)I;HHKOB B IIa3Y U" onpe.u;eJIJlIOT pac-
'1eTHYIO ruHpHHY H30JIHpOBaHHoro npOBO)l;HlfKa ,u;BYXCJIOHHOH 06MOTKH JlKOpH:
a ll3p = 2{6 2 - 2A,,} Xn '
(4.75)
r.u;e a ll3p = a + L11/3 - lliHpHHa 06MOTO'lHOrO IIpoBo.u;a (a) C yqeTOM TOnIl{HHbI
U30JIHU,HH (4/3) Ha 06e CTOpOHbI; L1n - TOJIIl{HHa na30BOH H30JIJll{HU. '
IIpH TenJIOCTOllKOM HcnOJ1HeHHM cr npUMeHHIOT IIpOBO,ll;a MapOK IITI3T
H IIH3m (I = 250° C) C IIOJIHaMH)l;HOH 1f30JIJlUHeH Llu3 = 0,12...0,18 MM, a
TaK)I(e IIIICEK H IIHCJJ:KT (I p = 250...400°C) C .u;BYXCTopOHHeH TOJIIl{HHOH
H30JIH H L1113 = 0,...0,3 MM. B Ka'leCTBe IIa30BOH H30JIHU,HU HCIIOJIb3yIOTCJI
CTeKJIOCJIIO.u;eHHTbI H IIOJIHaMH,u;HaH IIJIeHKa. B TaKOM CJIyqae cyMMapHaJI TOJI-
Il{11Ha lla30BOH H30JIHU,HH Ha CTOpOHy COCTaBJIHeT L1" = 0,18...0,22 MM.
3a,ll;aBruucb 3HaqeHHHMU L1" H Llu3, orrpe.u;eJIHIOT paC'IeTHyIO lliHpHHy H30-
JIHpOBaHHoro (IIO 4.75) H HeH30JIHpOBaHHoro rrpOBo.u;a
ap = a ll3p -A II3 .
(4.76)
PaCC'lHTaB IIJIOIl{a)l;b IIOIIepe'lHOro Ce'leHHH O)I;Horo IIpOBo.u;HHKa 06MOTKU
ljJa3bI
qnpp =qa/a,,«,
(4.77)
BbI6HpaIOT pa3MepbI CTaH,lI;apTHoro HeH30JIHpoBaHHoro IIpoBo.u;a, BbIrrycKaeMo-
ro cepHHHo.
IIepBoHa'laJIbHo He06xo)I;UMO BbI6HpaTb lliHPHHY IIpoBo.u;a a co 3Ha'leHH-
eM a, HaH60JIee 6JIU3KHM K a p , HO He IIpeBbIruaIOIl{HM ero. BbICOTY rrpOBo.u;a 6
BbI6HparoT TaKOH, qT06bI BbIIIOJIIUlJIOCb COOTHOllieHHe
a6 qnp (4.78)
H JIeBaJI '1aCTb IIO B03MOJKHOCTH MeHbrue OTJIHqaJIaCb OT IIpaBoH.
BbI6paHHbIe pa3MepbI IIpoBo.u;a U H30JIHU,HH II03BOJIJlIOT YT0'lHHTb IIIHpU-
HY IIa3a 6n U MHHHMaJIbHYIO ruHpHHY 3y6u a 6Z m i" :
6n =u n (a- A II3}/2+ 2A n;
6Zmin = 1T:{D + 2hK}/Z - 6n .
(4.79)
(4.80)
:1
Ii
3neKTpOMarHMTHbiM paC'IeT CMHXPOHHblX reHepaTOpOB
C nOCTORHHblMM MarHMTaMM
179
] 78 rnaBa 4. CMHXpoHHble reHepaTopbl
C nOCTORHHblMM MarHMTaMM
Cpe.u;HJlH)!;JIUHaBUTKa
BbICOTa IIa3a IIpU YKJIa,ll;Ke B Hero ,u;BYXCJIOHHOH 06MOTKH
r.u;e Ba - .u;OIIyCTUMaH HH,u;YKQUH B CIIHHKe
HKOpH; ,lI;JIH CTaJIU 141] Ba ::;; 1,5 TJI, )!;JIH
CTaneH 27KX H 49 K2<:D Ba ::;;1,7 TJI.
IIOJIY'IeHHbIe reOMeTpH'IeCKHe pa3-
MepbI 3JIeMeHTOB IIa30BOH 06JIaCTH CTaTopa
II03BOJIHIOT paCC'lHTaTb .u;eHCTBUTeJIbHYIO BeJIHquHY K031jJIjJUIJ.HeHTa B03)J;yruHO-
1'0 3a30pa
il
I
,
,
I,!i
I
1'1
II
III 11
PHC. 4.18. TIu C ynO)KeHHOii 06-
MOTICOii H na30Boii H30nHlIHeii
I cp = 2(1 +I n ),
(4.86)
h n =2(6+ u3)+3 n +hKJ/' ,(4.81)
r.u;e hl<Jl = 5...8 MM - BbICOTa KJIUHa
(puc.4.18).
lllHpuHa Il{eJIH IIOJIY3aKpbITOro IIa3a
r,ll;e In = (l,4...1,6}r - )!;JIUHa JI060BOH '1aCTH BUTKa.
MH,lI;YKTUBHOe COIIpOTUBJIeHUe paCCeHHUJI ljJa3bI 06MOTKH HKOpH
6 U3 = Q+ U3 + tq, (4.82)
r.u;e Uj = 0,7.. .0,8 MM - IIPHIIYCK IIO IIIU-
pHHe Il{eJIu.
BbIcOTa CIIUHKIf HKOpH
w 2
Xu = 4trpof i[(A n + Aa)i + Ai n]'
pq
(4.87)
ha = <:Doo /(21 K3c B a),
(4.83)
r.u;e A ,Aa. An - y.u;eJIbHble IIpOBO)I;HMOCTH IIa30Boro, .u;uljJljJepeHQUaJIbHOrO U JIO-
60Boro pacceHHuH.
Y,lI;eJIbHYIO IIpOBO)I;HMOCTb IIa30Boro pacceHHHH ,lI;JIH npHMoyronbHoro IIa-
3a OIIpe.u;eJIHIOT H3 yrrpOIl{eHHOrO BbIpaJKeHHH
An =kylhn/(36n)+kY2h,J6tq,
(4.88)
3,l1;eCb K y J,K y 2 - K031jJljJHUHeHTbI , Y"IHTbIBaIOIl{He YKopO'leHUe 06MOTKH:
(4.84)
Ky, = (1 + 3y.)/4,
K Y2 =(1+3k Yl )/4,
(4.89)
t z + 5t z t5f 6 u,
K6 =
t z +5t z t5f 6 u, -6 m
1
II,
r.u;e y* - OTHOCUTeJIbHbIH lIIar 06MOTKH, OIIpe.u;eJIHeMbIH IIO.u;CTaHOBKOH B COOT-
HorueHlfe
U YTOqHUTb paC'IeTHYIO BeJIU'lHHY B03.u;YIIIHoro 3a30pa IIO (4.53) UJIU (4.54).
Y* = Yz 2p/z
(4.90)
4.5.4. PaC'IeT napaMeTpOB 06MOTKH CTaTopa
TaKOrO ruara 06MOTKH no IIa3aM Yz(QeJIoro qucJIa), qT06bI 3Ha'leHHe 3Toro na-
paMeTpa IIplfHalIJIeJKaJIO ,lI;UaIIa30HY y* = 0,7. . .0,95.
Y.u;eJIbHaH IIpOBO.u;IfMOCTb )l;HljJljJepeHQUaJIbHOrO pacceHHHH
t5 p *
AA = (O,25+0,75y )aj. (4.91)
6tq + 0,815 p
Y.u;eJIbHaH IIpOBO.u;UMOCTb JI060BOro paCCeHHUJI ,lI;JIH )l;BYXCJIOHHOH IIeTJIe-
BOH 06MOTKIf
AKTHBHOe COIIpOTHBJIeHUe ljJa3bI 06MOTKH HKOp}l Ra OIIpe,ll;eJIHIOT IIO
ypaBHeHHIO
III
III!II:
rl = Po IcpW.p [1+at p -to)], (4.85)
qnp Q n6
r.u;e Po - y.u;enbHoe COIIpOTHBJIeHHe Me,ll;H IIpU TeMIIepaType to = 20°C;
qnp - IIJIOIl{a.u;b IIOIIepe'lHoro CeqeHUJI npoBo.u;a co cTopoHaMH Q U 6; I cp - cpe,u;-
H}I}I )l;JIHHa BUTKa; a.,.- TeMIIeparypHbIH K03IjJIjJHUHeHT COIIpOTHBJIeHHH; t p - pac-
'1eTHaH pa60'laH TeMIIeparypa 06MOTKU.
06MOTOqHbIe IIpOBo.u;a reHepaTopOB BbIIIOJIH}lIOTC}I 1f3 Me,ll;H, )I;JUI KOTOpOH
Po = 1,75'10- 8 OM' M, a.t = 0,0041.
,It:
111""
Ak = 0,34q(l n - O,64y * r) / I.
(4.92)
MH)J;yKTUBHbIe conpOTUBJIeHHJI 06MOTKU JlKOpH, 06YCJIOBJIeHHbIe nOTO-
KOM peaKIJ;UU JlKOpH, paCCqUTbIBaIOT ,lI;JIH paccMaTpHBaeMblx THnOD HH.nYKTOpOB
IIO o6ureH MeTO,ll;HKe.
I
IIII
,I
III
1 111
I'
I II
II!!
III
I
'!
i
180
rnaBa 4. CMHXpoHHble reHepaTopbl
C nOCTORHHblMM MarHMTaMM
3neKTpOMarHMTHbiM paC'IeT CMHXPOHHblX reHepaTopoB
C nOCTORHHblMM MarHMTaMM
181
IfH.u;yKTHBHbIe conpoTHBneHHH 06MOTKH HKOpH IIO IIpO.u;OJIbHOH Xad H IIO-
IIepe'lHOH X aq OCHM oIIpe.u;enHIOTcH MarHHTHbIMH IIpOBO.u;HMOCTHMU IIO COOT-
BeTcTBYIOIl{HM OCHM, 3aBHCJlIWIM OT KOHCTPYKUHU pOTopa. ,
Mawuna co c60pnbiM pomopoJlt muna (36e30o l ll<a». K031jJljJHuHeHT
IIPOBO.u;HMOCTU MaruHHbI IIO IIpO.u;OJIbHOH QeIIH
A,sAd d
Aad = ktjJkad n (4.93)
A,sd +And
r.u;e ktjJ - K031jJljJmweHT 1jJ0pMbI IIOJIH B036YJK.u;eHHH (IIpH THIIUqHOM cooTHorue-
HUH pa3MepOB HH)J;yKTOpa U paBHOMepHOM B03.u;yruHOM 3a30pe ktjJ ;:
== 1,05...1,12); k ad - K031jJljJHQUeHT peaKQHH HKOpH IIO rrpo.u;onbHoH OCH,
a p7i + sin(a p7i)
kad = ; (4.94)
4sin(a p 7i/2)
AOd - K031jJljJHQHeHT MarHHTHOH IIpOBO.u;UMOCTH B03)J;yllIHoro 3a30pa IIO IIpO-
.u;onbHoH OCH,
kpq - K031jJIjJHQHeHT, Y'lUTbIBaIOIl{11H HaCbIIl{eHUe MarHHTHOH QeIIH MaruHHbI IIO
IIOIIepe'-IHOH OCH (kl'q = 1,2. ..1,4);
Anq - K031jJIjJHQ11eHT MarHHTHoH IIpOBO,ll;HMOCTH IIonIOca B IIOIIepe'lHOM HanpaB-
JIeHHH:
- 6e3 IIOJIIOCHOrO HaKOHeqllliKa
Anq = 2/l e ",,,h M l;../6 M o, (4.100)
- IIpU HaJIHqHH IIOJIIOCHOrO HaKOHe'-IHHKa
Anq = 2/l nH Iphp!6 p + 2/l",,,h M l;../6 M ,
(4.101)
r,ll;e /lnH - MarHHTHaH IIpoHuQaeMoCTb MarnHTHoro MarepHana HaKOHe'lHHKa
(IIpH pa60qHX 3HaqeHHHX HH)J;yKQIfH /lnH;: 50.. .500, IIpUqeM MeHbruee 3HaqeHUe
cOOTBeTcTBYeT 60JIbruHM 3HaqeHHHM HH.u;yKIJ;HU B IIOJIIOCHOM HaKOHe'-IHUKe).
Mawuna c pomopOM l<oJlJlel<mopnozo muna. K031jJljJHQHeHT IIpOBO,ll;H-
MOCTH Maru11HbI IIO IIpO.u;OJIbHOH OCU BbIqUCnHIOT IIO COOTHorueHHHM (4.97) -
(4.99),r.u;e
AM = 1" 1/(kl'aOpJ; (4.95)
4ph eT I M 2l M 6 M
A - II + II -
nd - reT ( D _ h ) rnM h '
7i eT eT M
(4.102)
kl'd - K031jJIjJUQHeHT, yqHTbIBaIOIl{HH HaCbIIl{eHHe MarHHTHOH QeIIU MaruHHbI IIO
IIpO.u;OJIbHOH OCH (kl' d = 1,1...1,3);
And - K031jJljJHuHeHT MarHHTHoH IIpOBO)I;HMOCTH IIOJIIOCa B rrpO.u;OJIbHOM Ha-
IIpaBJIeHHH,
/leT;: 1 - MarHHTHaH IIpOHHuaeMOCTb )l;HaMarHHTHOH BTynKU.
K031jJljJHWIeHT rrpOBO)I;HMOCTH MaruuHbI IIO IIOIIepeqHOH OCU OIIpe.u;eJIHIOT
IIO CooTHorueHuIO
And = /le 6 M I;/hM;
(4.96)
Aaq = ktjJ k aq Ac5q
(4.103)
/le- MarHHTHaH IIpOHHQaeMOCTb B03BpaTa MaTepUaJIa IIM (CM. Ta6JI. 4.3).
K031jJljJHQHeHT IIpOBO,ll;HMOCTH MaruuHbI IIO IIOIIepe'-IHOH OCH
C yqeTOM BbIpaJKeHHH (4.98), (4.99) H BbIrue IIpHBe.u;eHHbIX peKOMeH,u;aQUH no
BbI60py 3HaqeHHH K03IjJIjJHl{HeHToB.
JJ:nH 60JIee TO'lHOrO oIIpe.u;eneHHH UH,u;YKTHBHbIX COIIpOTHBJIeHHH ueJIe-
COO6pa3HO paCCqHTaTb .u;eHcTBHTenbHoe 3HaqeHHe 06MOTOqHOrO K031jJIjJHQueH-
Ta
A,sAq
Aaq =ktjJkaq nq , (4.97)
At5q + Anq
k _ sin(Jl)I" / 2) sin[7i /(2m)]
0- qsin[7i/2(mq)]
(4.104)
r.u;e k aq - K031jJljJHQHeHT peaKuuH HKOpH IIO IIOIIepeqHOH OCH,
_ a p 7i-sin(a p 7i) + % cos(ap7i/2)
k aq - 4sin(a p 7i/2) ; (4.98)
IfH.u;YKTHBHbIe COIIpOTHBJIeHHJI 06MOTKH HKOpH, 06YCJIOBJIeHHbIe IIOTO-
KOM peaKQHH HKOpH IIO IIpO.u;OJIbHOH T IIoIIepeqHOH OCHM:
Ac5q - K031jJIjJHl{HeHT MarHHTHoH IIpOBO)I;HMOCTU B03)J;yruHoro 3a30pa IIO IIOIIe-
peqHOH OCH,
4)10 2
X ad =-mf(WtjJk o ) A ad ;
1qJ
(4.105)
Ac5q = Tl/kpq p;
(4.99)
'II
II
182
rnaBa 4. CMHXpoHHble reHepaTopbl
C nOCTORHHblMM MarHMTaMM
3neKTpOMarHMTHbiM paC'IeT CMHXPOHHblX reHepaTopoB
C nOCTORHHblMM MarHMTaMM
183
4,uo 2
X aq =-mf(W.pk O ) Aaq.
1qJ
(4.106)
,
IIoJIHbIe HH,lI;YKTHBHbIe COrrpOTHBJIeHHH 06MOTKU JlKOpH no IIpO,ll;OJIbHOH H
IIOnepe'iHOH OCJlM cOOTBeTCTBeHHO
Xd = X a d+ X (1;
X q =Xaq+X",
4.5.5. PaC'ieT npoBo.nHMocnH pacceHHHH HH.nYKTOpa
H onpe./teJIeHHe pa3MepoB pOTopa
(4.107)
(4.108)
HnOYKmop muna (c6opnaJi 36e300IlKa)). I1cIIOJIb3yeMbIe B pacqeTax ,lI;O-
nOJIHHTeJIbHbIe reoMeTpHqeCKHe pa3MepbI UH,lI;YKTOpa IIOKa3aHbI Ha pHC. 4.19.
OIIpe.u;eJIHIOT HX IIPH npoeKTUpOBaHHH IIO cooTBeTcTBYIOIl{eMY 3CKH3Y.
IIoJIHaB npoBo./tuMOCTb pacceHHHJI nOJIIOCa
'II
III
II
I
II
I
;!'III
As= ASM + ASH'
(4.109)
Ip
I
II lIIulI III' - ,1111111\ 1111
'////////////-
1 M
t;
-
PHC. 4.19. HH.l{YKTOP THna «c60pHaH 3Be3.l{O'JKa»
r.u;e A SM , ASH - I:IpOBO,ll;HMOCTU paCCeJlHHH MarHUTa H IIOJIIOCHOrO HaKOHe'lHHKa
COOTBeTCTBeHHO.
IIpOBO)l;HMOCTb pacceHHHH MarHHTa BbIqUCJIHIOT IIO ypaBHeHHIO
3HaqeHHe K031jJljJHQHeHTa kJl 3aBHCHT OT KOHljJurypaQUH MeJKIIOJIIOCHOrO
IIpOCTpaHCTBa, K031jJljJHQHeHTa MarHHTHOH IIpOHHuaeMOCTU MarHlITa H OIIpe.u;e-
JIHeTCB lIO rpaljJUKaM (PHC. 4.20) B 3aBHCUMOCTH OT OTHOllIeHHH Ami"! Amax H Be-
JIUqHHbI
r.u;e kJl - K031jJljJHuueHT OCJIa6JIeHHH IIOTOKa pacceHHHH; A 3M - IIpOBO)l;HMOCTb
paCCeJlHHH, onpe.u;eJIJleMaB Ha OCHOBe 3KBUBaneHTHOH ynpOIl{eHHOH KapTHHbI IIO
BbIpaJKeHHIO,
A sH = kJl A3JofH
I: I
,') I
,II
I h", -6
A3M =(5 ",-'Pa +1,6h",'Pp)'1O .
Amax
II
III
(4.110)
h",A3'"
Pi",6", '
;;:
(4.114)
(4.111)
r,ll;e P6 - K03ljJljJuIIHeHT B03BpaTa, OIIpe,ll;eJIBeMbIH OTHOllIeHHeM P6 = AB/AH .
0,7 KA.
3.u;eCb BeJIHqHHY 'Pa onpe.u;eJIHIOT Ha OCHOBe .u;aHHbIX 0 reOMeTpHH pOTopa
(CM. pHC. 4_19) H3 COOTHOllIeHHH
A [
'Pa= max 1
Amax -A min
A min ( Amax )]
In- ,
Amax - A min AmiD
III
III
:1'11
npUqeM IIPH A min = 0 BeJIHqHHa 'Pa = 1, a BeJIU'lUHY 'P6- H3 COOTHOllIeHHH
III
III
( )( ) 2 ( )
1'C8 i11 7r 6i11 7r 6i11 2 Amax
'P B = ---'-- + In 1 + -----'--- -----'--- In 1 + -- .
2Amax 2 Amax 2 Amax 7r 6.iII
II
I:!
(4.112)
PHC. 4.20. 3aBHcHMoCTH K.. (I;) .l{JIH pac'JeTa
npoBo.l{HMOCTeii pacceHHHH MarHHTa:
1 - LJmin/LJmax > 0,5;2 - 0,15< LJmin/LJmax<
< 0,5; 3 - LJmin/LJmax < 0,15
o
3
1;
5
2
4
(4.113)
,Z:{JIB MarHHTOB Ha 6a3e pe.u;K03eMeJIbHbIX MaTepHaJIOB P6 = B/Hc npoBo-
)l;HMOCTb pacceBHHH IIOJIIOCHbIX HaKOHe'IHHKOB paCC'lUTbIBaIOT IIO ljJopMYJIe
ASH = {51 p hp/cp+3,2 (hp+l'p+l''p)'Pl+l,61",'P1JlO- 6 , (4.115)
]84
rnaBa 4. CMHXpoHHble reHepaTopbl
C nOCTORHHblMM MarHMTaMM
r,ll;e Ip U hp - ,lI;JIHHa If BbICOTa
IIOJIIOCHOrO HaKOHe'lHUKa (B
06Il{eM cJIyqae b, !M# I p ) H h p -:::;
h J (CM. pHC. 4.20); c p - MHHH-
MaJIbHoe paccToHHHe MeJK.u;y
HaKOHe'lHHKaMU ,u;Byx coce,u;-
HHX IIOJIIOCOB; Ip' = (I p - 1;w)/2 -
,lI;JIHHa BbIcrynaIOIl{eH 3a Mar-
HHT '1aCTH IIOJIIOCHOro HaKO-
HeqHUKa; Ip" = (I p - /)/2 - )!;JIH-
Ha BbIcTYIIalOIl{eH 3a cTaTop
qaCTH nOJIIOCHOrO HaKOHeq-
HHKa. KooljJljJHUHeHTbI 'PI H 'P2
OIIpe,u;eJIHIOT no cOOTHorueHH-
HM
'PI = In ( 1 +.!. 6 p J , (4.116)
2 c p
II
I
II
(, !
'::,:11
I!I
:i
1 M
PUC. 4.21. HIIJ{YKTop KOJ]J]eKTOpHOrO Tuna c
OOOJHa'JeHUHMU paJMepOB U npOBOAuMOCTeii
pacceHHUR
'PI = In ( I+.!. 6 p J . (4.117)
2 c p
[; I" II
11111
III
HnOYKmop K01lJleKmOpnozo muna. IIPOBO)l;HMOCTU pacceJlHHH TaKoro
uH.u;yKTopa (PHC. 4.21) CKJIa,lI;bIBaIOTCJI U3 npOBO,ll;HMOCTeH pacceHHHH caMUX
MarHHTOB H npOBO,ll;HMoCTeH paCCeJIHHH nOJIIOCOB, BKJIIO'IaIOIl{UX IIpOBO,u;HMO-
CTH pacceJlHHH IIOJIIOCHbIX HaKOHeqHHKOB (npH HaJIH'lHH MarHHTOIIpOBOAAIl{UX
yqacTKOB 6aH,lI;aJKa), T.e.
As=As",,+AsH'
(4.118)
COCTaBJIHIOIl{UMH npOBO)I;HMOCTH paCCeJlHHH MarHHTa HBJIHIOTCJI npOBO-
Ll,UMOCTH 60KOBoro AS.\IE H TOPQeBoro A S .\IT pacceHHHH:
II
III
I
I I
li,\
'1,,1
IIIII111
A w =2A E +2A ;
T
(4.119)
ASM =k J.l o IM 1 .. +1 ) '
E n 2 \fl«m ,
(4.120)
A SMT = K n J.l06 M ,
(4.121)
3neKTpOMarHMTHbiM paC'IeT CMHXpOHHblX reHepaTopOB
C nOCTORHHblMM MarHMTaMM
]85
r,u;e l1«m - OTHOCHTeJIbHaSi MarHHTHaSi IIpOHuu,aeMOCTb ,lI;HaMarHHTHOH BryJIKH
(j.tr == 1); k n - K03IjJIjJHu,ueHT, onpe,ll;eJIHeMbIH C IIOMOIl{bIO rpaljJHKa (CM. puc.
4.20) U cOOTHorueHHH (6.112) - (6.114), IIpH'IeM,lI;JIH ,u;aHHoro THIIa HH.u;yKTopa
t:Jnax = [D- 2(8 +h E )]sin[7i/(2p)],
t:Jnin = D«T sin[7i /(2p)],
( 6M ) -6
3M = 5h M t:.max 'Pa + 1,6h.,,'PB .10 .
(4.122)
(4.123)
(4.124)
IIpOBO,ll;HMOCTb paCCeJlHUH IIOmocOB Asn CKJIa,ll;bIBaeTCH H3 npoBO,ll;HMOCTH
60KOBOro AsnE U TOPUeBoro Aenm pacceHHHH IIOJIIOCOB, a TaK)I(e npoBo,u;uMocTeH
60KoBoro A SHE H TopueBoro ASHT pacceHHHH IIOJIIOCHbIX HaKOHe'lHUKOB:
Asn =AsnE + 2A sn T+A sHE + ASHT'
(4.125)
IIpOBO)I;UMOCTb 60KOBOro paCCeHHHH IIOJIIOCOB
Asnn
= 2J.l o l M [ ln ( 1 + ( ) J + In ( 1 + C p ) 1.
I." CDS !0.p 1 M J
(4.126)
r,ll;e
T = D«Ttg(7i/2p)h M ),
C p ==ll-a p )r.
(4.127)
(4.128)
IIPOBO,u;HMOCTb Topu,eBOrO paCCeHHHSI IIOJIIOCOB
Asnn
2J.l o h M (.. )
2 V]/nYI -Y2 1 nY2 -Y3 '
7i sin(7i/2)
(4.129)
r,u;e
Y2 =1+(0,57i T/hM)Sin( 2: ). (4.130)
Y3 = (1ZB M / h. l1 )Sin( ;p). (4.131)
YI = Y2+Y3. (4.132)
IIpOBO,u;UMOCTb 60KOBoro pacceHHHSI IIOJIIOCHbIX HaKOHe'lHUKOB
A SHH = 2J.l o /MJ.lr(h p /c p ), (4.133)
I: I
III'
I
186
rnaBa 4. CMHXpoHHble reHepaTopbl
C nOCTORHHblMM MarHMTaMM
3neKTpOMarHMTHbiM paC'IeT CMHXPOHHblX reHepaTopoB
C nOCTORHHblMM MarHMTaMM
187
'II
r.u;e Pr - omOCHTeJIbHaH MarnHTHaH IIpoHuuaeMocTb HeMarHHTHbIX yqaCTKOB
6aH,lI;aJKa.
IIpOBOllHMOCTb TopueBoro pacceHHHH IIOJIIOCHbIX HaKOHeqHHKOB
PoC p ( )
A SHH = . x1lnxi -x2 / n x 2 -X3 ,
7rsm(a p 7r/2p)
HaIIpHJKeHHOCTb IIOJIH B CIIHHKe HKOpH Hoo HaxO)I;HT IIO IqJHBbIM HaMar-
HUqUBaHHH BbI6paHHoH MapKH CTaJIH ,lI;JIH HH.u;yKIJ;HU Boo. MAC, 3aTpaqHBaeMaH
Ha IIpOBe.u;eHHe IIOTOKa qepe3 CIIHHKY HKOPH,
(4.134)
Foo = 1 a H 00'
(4.143)
r,ll;e
D-20 -2h p . ( a p 7r )
x2=1+ sm - .
C p 2p .
(4.135)
r.u;e la - Cpe,ll;HHH )!;JIHHa CUJIOBOH JIUHUH.
la =7r(D+2h n +2h k +h a )/(2p).
(4.144)
II)
, II
; Ir
\
fll!111
II
I
I
I
!, I
IIJ
L
] 2h p . ( a p" )
x =-sm-,
C p 2p
Xj=X2+ X 3 '.
(4.136)
(4.137)
CYMMapHaH MAC Ha IIapy IIOJIIOCOB. He06xo,ll;HMaH ,lI;JIH npOBe.u;eHHH IIO-
TOKa '1epe3 MarHHTHYIO u,eIIb HKOPH.
Fio = 2F t50 +2Fzo +Fao'
(4.145)
4.5.6. PaC'IeT MarHHTHoii n;enH H nocTpoeHHe pa6o'leii
,nHarpaMMbl MarHHTOB
PaC'IeT MarHHTHoH u,eIIH pOTopa 3aBUCHT OT ero KOHCTPYKTHBHOrO HC-
IIOJIHeHUJI.
Pomop muna ((C60pHaJl 36e3i)olll<a>, C nOlllOCHblMU HQlWHeIlHUKIlMU.
MJJ:C, 3aTpaqHBaeMaH Ha npoBe.u;eHHe IIOTOKa qepe3 IIOJIIOCHbIe HaKOHeqHHKU,
He06xo)I;UMYIO ,lI;JIH IIpoBe.u;eHHH IIOTOKa '1epe3 B03)J;yWHbIH 3a30p MJJ:C
MOJKHO OIIpe,ll;eJIHTb IIO 1jJ0pMYJIe
F nH = hpH'IH'
(4.146)
6
F t50 = 0,8B t50 0 p'lO .
(4.138)
r.u;e h - BbICOTa IIOJIIOCHOro HaKOHe'lHUKa ('1aCTO hp hE ).
p u
HanpHJKeHHOCTb IIOJIH H nH onpe.u;eJIHIOT IIO KpHBOH HaMarHH'IHBaHUJI Ma-
TepUaJIa IIOJIIOCHOrO HaKOHe'lHHKa ,lI;JIH HH)J;yKU UH
(/J 150 + (/J snn ( 4.147)
B"H
bpl p
me (/Jsnn =0,5FioAsnn, (4.148)
PaC'IeTHaH HH,lI;YKU,UJI B 3y6Uax
Bzo = Bt50 t Z /(6 z k 3C )'
(4.139)
1;lir
r,ll;e tz = 7rD/Z - 3y6uoBoe .u;eJIeHHe IIO OKpYJKHOCTH HKOpH; 6Z- paCqeTHaH ruH-
pHHa 3y6ua, oIIpe.u;eJIHeMaH IIPH TpaIIeueH,u;aJIbHOH ero 1jJ0pMe IIO Bblpa)f(eHHIO
6Z = l7r(D + 2h n )/ Z - 6n + 26zmin J13.
(4.140)
6 p H Ip - wHpHHa U )!;JIHHa IIOJIIOCHOro HaKOHeqHUKa.
IIa,ll;eHHe MJJ:C B CTbIKaX MarHHTa Ha O)I;UH IIOJIIOC
F c TM=1,6 BcT emM -10 6 .
(4.149)
HanpHJKeHHOCTb IIOJIH B 3y6u,e Hz onpe,ll;eJIHIOT ,lI;JIH paCqeTHOH HH)J;yKIJ;UU
Bzo IIO KpHBOH HaMarHHqHBaHUJI cooTBeTCTBYIOIl{eH CTaJIH.
Tor.u;a M,ZJ:C, He06xo)I;UMaH )!;JIH IIpoBe.u;eHHH IIOTOKa qepe3 3y6UOBYIO 30-
3.u;eCb BCmM - HH.u;YKU,HH B CTbIKe MarHHTa, onpe.u;eJIHeMaH BbIpaJKeHHeM
!II
i'
!:,;II
III
[1111
Fzo =(h n +hk)Hz.
(4.141)
B CmM
(/J 150 + (/JsnH
6 M I M
(4.150)
HY.
Bao = (/Jt5 o /( 2Ih a k 3C)'
(4.142)
8. - P aCqeTHbIH P a3Me p CTbIKOB MarnUTa C MarHHTOnpOBO)I;HIl{eH BryJIKOH H
cmM
TIOJIIOCHbIM HaKOHe'lHHKOM (Oem 0,05 MM).
IIoToK pacceHHHH MarHHTa
PaCqeTHaH HH,lI;YKIJ;HH B CIIHHKe JlKOpH
(/JSM = (0, 5F IO+F",JA SM .
(4.151)
Ilil
11:1
}
I
I,
II
II
I
I
'II1I
11'1
111,1
II!I
: III
1 111
j[1111
\i 'll
I
Iii
r
I II
,II
1II1
1"11:1'
': I
IIII'
'1 1111
j'llll!
188
rnaBa 4. CMHxpoHHble reHepaTopbl
C nOCTORHHblMM MarHMTaMM
3neKTpOMarHMTHbiM paC'IeT CMHXPOHHblX reHepaTopoB
C nOCTORHHblMM MarHMTaMM
189
IIoTOK MarHHTa H MJJ:C MarHHTa Ha IIapy IIOJIIOCOB:
(/)MO = (/) lXJ + (/)S'IH + (/)SM ;
F MO = FJO + 2F nH + 2FemM .
K03IjJIjJHUHeHT paCCeHHUJI
(4.152)
Fo T = O,8BlJeTM8eT .10 6 ,
C }W
(4.161)
r,ll;e HH.u;yKWIH B CTbIKe
B OeTM =(0,5(/)00 + (/)snn + (/)snX6 M I M ),
8em 5 x 10- 5 M - paC'IeTHbIH pa3Mep CTbIKa.
IIOToK pacceHHHH MarHHTa
(/)SM =(FIO +2F nH +2FOem + 2F n +2F lJeTM )ASM'
0"0 = (/)...0 / (/)00 .
(4.153)
Pomop IWJlJlel<mopnozo muna. Oc06eHHocTH pacqeTa TaKoro pOTopa
06YCJIOBJIeHbI TeM, '!TO MarHHTbI HaMarHHqeHbI B TaHreHIJ,HaJIbHOM HaIIpaBJIe-
HUH H MarHHTHbIH IIOTOK B B03)J;yruHOM 3a30pe (/) lXJ C03.u;aeTCH ,lI;BYMJI MarH11Ta-
MH. MarHHTHbIH paC'IeT y,lI;06Hee BeCTH Ha O.u;HH MarHHT, TO eCTb)I;JIH IIOTOKa
0,5 (/) lXJ :
(4.162)
(4.163)
MarHHTHbIH IIOTOK U MJJ:C MarnHTa:
(/) MO = (0,5(/)00 + (/) snn + (/) sn + (/) SM );
F MO = FIO + 2F nH + 2Fn + 2F lJeT... .
FnH 2hpHnH'
(4.154)
HaIIpHJKeHHOCTb IIOJIH H nH OIIpe,ll;eJIHIOT .u;JIH BbI6paHHoro MaTepHana IIO
HH)J;yKQUH B IIOJIIOCHOM HaKOHeqHHKe
(4.164)
(4.165)
Bnll = (0,5(/)8 0 + (/)snn)/(0,56 p l p )'
(4.155)
K031jJIjJHIJ.HeHT paCCeHHHJI MarHHTa
0"0 = 2(/)...0 /(/)&;.
(4.166)
IIoTOK pacceHHHH IIOJIIOCHOrO HaKOHeqH11Ka
Ha OCHOBaHUU ,lI;aH-
HbIX, IIOJIyqeHHbIX IIPH pac-
qeTe MarHHTHOH ueIIH Ma-
ruHHbI, CTpOJlT pa60qyIO
.u;HarpaMMY MarHHTa.
B cnyqae IIpHMeHe-
HHH MarHHTOB H3 pe,ll;K03e-
MeJIbHbIX MeTaJIJIOB U Ko-
6aJIbTa KpHBaH pa3MarHU-
'lHBaHHJI COBna,ll;aeT C IIPH-
MOH B03BpaTa. Ee IIonyqaIOT
IIO ,u;BYM TO'lKaM - OCTaTOq-
HOMY IIOTOKY (/)r H K03PU H -
THBHOH MJJ:C Fe (PHC. 4.22)
AJIJI KOHCTpYKU HH
UH)I;YKTopa TUIIa «C60PHOH
3Be3.u;0'lKH»
(/)snn = FIO(A sHH +2A sHH )'
(4.156)
MJJ:C CTbIKa Mej[()J;Y IIOJIIOCHbIM HaKOHe'lHUKOM H IIOJIIOCOM
F OeT = 0,8B8 em .10 6 , (4.157)
r.u;e BlJeZfEBIIH; 8em 5, 10- 5 M.
MJJ:C, 3aTpaqHBaeMaH Ha IIpOBe.u;eHHe MarHHTHoro IIOTOKa IIO IIOmoCY
(CM. pHC. 4.21),
F" =lnHn, (4.158)
r,ll;e In 0,5(6." + 0,5) - cpe.u;IUlH )!;JIUHa CHJIOBOH JIHHHH B IIOJIYIIOJIIOce.
HaIIpHJKeHHOCTb B nOJIIOCe Hn MOJKHO HaiiTH IIO UH,u;YKIJ;11H
Bn = (0,5(/)00 + (/)snn + (/)snX 6 M l n), (4.159)
r.u;e (/)sn - IIOTOK paCCeHH11H MeJK.u;y ,u;BYMH IIOJIIOCaMH,
(/)sn =(F IO +2F"H + 2Fo emX A snn + Asnn ). (4.160)
<1>
F
Fe M
PHC. 4.22. Pa6o'JaH )J.HaTpaMMa MaTHHTa
(/)r= Br-SM= B£fJM I ... ..
Fe = 2hM H e.
(4.167)
(4.168)
MAC CTbIKa IIomoca C MarHUTOM
IIpH KOJIJIeKTOpHOM UCIIOJIHeHUU HH,u;YKTOpa
(/)r= Br 2S M= 2Br6M 1 M ..
(4.169)
:llllli
I
1 1111
I
I Ii:
1 1 ;,1
jll
j
i
;1 111
I1I 1
11111
'! I
,
II
I I
190
Pe)l(MMbI pa60Tbi cr C nOCTORHHblMM MarHMTaMM
191
rnaBa 4. CMHxpoHHble f"eHepaTopbl
C nOCTORHHblMM MarHMTaMM
Fe = He h ." .
PJ = arctqAJ K OCU a6cuucc, r.u;e A.o - OTHOCHTeJIbHaH npOBo.u;HMOCTb pa60'lero
3a30pa IIO npo.u;OJIbHOH OCH pOTopa.
BbIqHTaH H3 op)I;HHaTbI KpHBOH pa3MarHHqUBaHHJI Op,ll;HHaTY JIUHHH
o - AI), a H3 a6Cl{HCCbI nOJIyqeHHOH KpHBOH a6cu HCC Y JIHHHH 0 - AI), HaMeM
IIepBOHaqanbHOe 3HaqeHHe IIOTOKa XOJIOCTOrO xo.u;a <:DBo (CM. pHC. 4.23, 6). Co-
OTBeTcTBYIOIl{ee 3TOMY IIOTOKY ,lI;eHcTBYIOIl{ee 3Ha'leHHe 3JJ:C
(4.170)
KpUBaH pa3MarnUQUBaHUH cPr - Fe IIOBTOpHeT B OIIpe.u;eJIeHHOM MacruTa-
6e KPHBYIO pa3MarHH'IUBaHHH MaTepUaJIa MarHHTa Bz - He. '
JJ:aJIee Ha ,lI;uarpaMMe CTpOJlT IIPHMYIO CYMMapHoro pacceHHHJI cP s =O,5FA s
,lI;JIH c60pHoro HH)J;yKTOpa THIIa <<3Be3,l1;O'lKa» H cPs=F As - )I;JIJl HH,lI;YKTOpa KOJI-
JIeKTOpHoro THIIa. BbIqUTaH rpaljJHqeCKU 3ry xapaKTepUCTUKY H3 IIpHMOH (KpH-
BOH) pa3MarHHqHBaHHH. IIOJIY'IaeM JIUHUIO cPr - M npo.u;OJIbHOrO (IIOJIe3Horo)
IIOTOKa cPd.
Eo' = 4kJiWi'r}] (cP u +cPJW,
(4.171)
r,ll;e k6 = 7r 2/(4kq,) - K03IjJIjJUUHeHT 1jJ0pMbI 3JJ:C; kq, - K031jJIjJHu,ueHT 1jJ0pMbI
IIOTOKa B036YJK.u;eHHJI;jj - qaCTOTa ; cP u = cP z - 6a3HcHbIH IIOTOK MarnUTa.
ECJIH BOCIIOJIb30BaTbCH paC'IeTHOH npHBe.u;eHHoH KpHBOH pa3MamH'IUBa-
HHH cP M = (1 - F /(l - aaF H yqecTb, qTO IIepBOHa'laJIbHaH TOqKa OTxo.u;a pi
JIHHHH B03BpaTa JIeJKHT O,ll;HOBpeMeHHo Ha IIpHMOH cP p = AoF p , r.u;eAo = lIRo =
= Au+AJ - MarHHTHaH npOBO,ll;HMOCTb BHellIHeH u,enH MarHHTa, TO IIOTOK IIPH
XOJIOCTOM xo.u;e MOJKeT 6bITb OIIpe.u;eJIeH aHaJIHTHqeCKH:
4.6. PeX(UMbl pa60Tbi cr c nOCTOHHHblMU MarHUTaMU
4.6.1. 311,C XOJlOCTOro XO,lJ,a H napaMeTp'" CrlIM
Pa60qHH IIOTOK MarHOTa B B03)J;yruHOM 3a30pe <:DBo IIpH XOJIOCTOM xo.u;e
MOJKeT 6bITb HaMeH rpaljJoaHaJIHTHqeCKHM cIIoc060M, C HCIIOJIb30BaHHeM cxe-
MbI 3aMeIl{eHUJI MamuTHOH u,eIIU (PHC. 4.23, a). AnH 3Toro no 3a)1;aHHoH )!;JIJI
«I>
1 . 1.0
'\.{J p'
cP u = lIRo --oJ (l+Ril- 4aoRo/2 aoRo(l +R,0u)'
(4.172)
AJIJI IIpHMepa BOCnOJIb3yeMcH pa60qeH ,lI;HarpaMMoH MarHHTa, npe.u;cTaB-
JIeHHOH Ha puc. 4.22. MarHHTHaH xapaKTepucTHKa IIPH XOJIOCTOM xo.u;e cP."o=
=f(F:..o) onpe,ll;eJIHeTCH XapaKTepUCTHKOH BHeIIIHeH MarHHTHoH u,enH H npu OT-
CYTCTBHU HaCbIIl{eHHH B CTaJIbHbIX yqaCTKaX MarHHToIIpOBo.u;a UMeeT BM IIPH-
MOH JIHHHH. AnH ee IIOCTpoeHUJI ,lI;OCTaTO'lHO HaHeCTH Ha .u;HarpaMMY paCqeT-
HYIO TOqKY XOJIOCTOrO xo.u;a Ao C Koop.u;HHaTaMH. COOTBeTcTByroIl{HMH paCqeT-
HbIM 3Ha'leHHHM MJJ:C F Mo H IIOTOKY cPMo MarHUTa npu XOJIOCTOM XO,ll;e, U IIpO-
BeCTH '1epe3 Hee IIPHMYIO OAo.
IIepece'leHue xapaKTepucTHKH XOJIOCTOrO xo.u;a cPMo = f(FMO) C npHMoH
pa3MarHHqHBaHHH cPMo - Fe OIIpe,ll;eJIHeT TO'lKY peJKHMa XOJIOCTOrO xo.u;a (TO'lKa
A Ha puc. 4.22). OnYCKaH 03 Hee IIepIIeH,u;HK)'JIHp KOCH a6cu,ucc .u;o nepece'le-
HIUI C JIHHHeH IIpo.u;onbHoro IIOTOKa Fr- M (TOqKa N ), HaXO)I;HT ljJaKTH'IeCKOe
3HaqeHHe IIOTOKa XOJIOCTOrO xo.u;a B B03)J;yruHOM 3a30pe MaruHHbI. IIpoBo)I;H '1e-
pe3 TOqKH N U 0 IIpHMyro, IIOnyqalOT 3aBUCUMOCTb IIOTOKa B B03)J;yIIIHOM 3a30pe
OT BeJIHqHHbI MJJ:C B peJKUMe XOJIOCTOro XO,ll;a cPJO = f(Fo). JJ:eHcTBHTeJIbHOe
3HaqeHHe 3JJ:C XOJIOCTOrO xo.u;a paCC'IHTaHHoro reHepaTopa
F MO
m
R,s «1>0-
«1>: t -::
FM __-
--
--
-
FS
6
PHC. 4.23. K onpe.neJleHHIO nOTOK8 XOJlOCToro xo.na:
a - txeMa 3UMeU(eHUR MQZHUmHOU 'fenu; 6 - oUfl2pll.!lf.Ma MQZHUma
UCIIOJIb3yeMoro MaTepHaJIa MarHUTa KpHBOH pa3MarHHqOBaHHH B = f (H) cTpo-
OTCJI 3aBHCHMOCTb cP M = f(FMJ, COBIIa)I;aIOIl{aH B OTHOCUTeJIbHbIX e.u;HHuuax C
KpHBOH pa3MamUqUBaHUH (PHC. 4.23, 6). B TpeTbeM KBa)I;paHTe CTpOHTCH 3aBH-
CHMOCTL nOTOKa paCCeJlHUJI MamHTa OT MJJ:C MarnUTa cPtr = (FMJ, IIpe.u;CTaB-
nHIOIl{aH co60u IIpHMYIO JIHHHIO O-Aa, npOBe,ll;eHHYIO no,ll; yrnoM Pu = arctqAu K
OCH a6CUHCC. r.u;e Au - OTHOCUTeJIbHaH IIpOBO,ll;HMOCTb pacceHHHH MarHUTa co-
BMecTHO C apMarypoH (ecJIu IIOCJIe1IHJlH UMeeTCJI). B IIepBOM KBa,ll;paHTe CTpo-
UTCJI 3aBUCHMOCTb pa60qero nOTOKa OT MJJ:C B03)J;yruHOro 3a30pa cPJ = (FJ).
npe.u;CTaBJIJlIOIl{aJI c060u IIpHMYIO JIHHUIO 0-1..0, IIpoBe,u;eHHyro IIO,u; yrnoM
Eoo = 4,44cPJof.,W ep k o,
(4.173)
r,ll;e (/JJO H ko - YTOqHeHHbIe 3HaqeHUH MamHTHoro IIOTOKa U 06MOTOqHOrO KO-
31jJIjJHQHeHTa.
AnH IIpoBepKu COOTBeTCTBHH paCC'IHTaHHOro cr UCXO.u;HbIM Tpe60BaHH-
JIM cneJiyeT HaHTH IIapaMeTpbI HarpY3KH npu HOMUHaJIbHOM peJKHMe pa60TbI:
III
IIII
,I!I
I
I!II
'I
111 1 [ 1
II 1I1
I
ti
11:111
II
r l
,I
I
II
:'1111
III!!
192
rnaBa 4. CMHXpoHHble reHepaTopbl
C nOCTORHHblMM MarHMTaMM
Pe>KMMbl pa60TbI cr C nOCTORHHblMM MarHMTaMM
193
(4.174)
(4.175)
TeJIbHOrO 3HaqeHUH 3JJ:C XOJIOCTOro xo.u;a Heo6xo,u;HMO B (4.177) IIo.u;CTaBHTb
HOBoe 3HaqeHUe IIOTOKa
R H =(Uqm/I,Jcosrp ;
X H =(Uqm/I,Jsinrp .
Tpe6yeMaH 3JJ:C xonOCToro xo.u;a ,lI;JIH TaKOH HarpY3KH
E = IH(XqHXdH + R adH % )
am 2 2'
X qH +R adH
ECJIU Eom< Eoo, TO MaruHHY He06xo,u;HMO IIepeCqHTaTb, YBenH'lHB 06'beM
HCIIOJIb3yeMbIx MarHHTOB. ECJIH Eo m > Eoo , TO He06xo.u;UMO IIpOBepHTb IIepe-
rpY30'lHYIO CIIoc06HOCTb reHepaTOpa.
CrIIM ,lI;OJIJKHbI KpaTKOBpeMeHHO BbI,lI;epJKHBaTb IIOJIYTOpa - ,lI;BYKpaTHYIO
neperpY3i\.y no TOKY (TO eCTb K[ = 1,5 ... 2,0). IIpH 3TOM HanpHJKeHiie ,lI;OJIjKHO
OCTaBaTbCH Ha ypoBHe HOMHHaJIbHoro. Tpe6yeMYIO 3JJ:C XOJIOCTOrO xo.u;a Eom
C yqeTOM IIeperpY3KH oIIpe.u;eJIHIOT IIO cooTHorueHHHM (4.174) - (4.176) ,lI;JIH
3Ha'leHUJI TOKa I = k;IH'
ECJIH paCCqHTaHHoe 3Ha'leHHe 3JJ:C Eom > 1, 25Eoo, TO Heo6xO,u;HMO YBe-
JIHqHTb 06'beM IIM, eCJIH Eom <0,8E o - He06xo,ll;HMO YMeHblliHTb 06'beM TIM H
BbIIIOJIHHTb IIOBTOpHO 3JIeKTpOMarHHTHbIH paCqeT.
(/J(jO = F",oM"I(.1.(j+.1.u+.1. ,
(4.178)
(4.176)
r.u;e F:"o OIIpe,ll;eJIHeTCH IIO (4.23); (/Jp - op,u;HHaTa TOqKH P Ha p11C. 4.23, 6.
B cnyqae CTa611JIH3aQHH MarHHTa BHe apMaTypbI (B CB060,ll;HOM COCTOH-
HHH) nOTOK XOJIOcroro xo.u;a HeIIocpe,ll;CTBeHHO onpe,ll;eJIHeTCH IIO (4.178). O,ll;-
HaKO H 3,l1;eCb He06XO,ll;HMO npOBepHTb, He pa3MarHHTHTCH JIH MarHHT ,lI;OIIOJIHH-
TeJIbHO IIPH KOpOTKOM 3aMbIKaHUH. AJIH MarHHTOB C IIpHMOJIHHeHHOH KpUBOH
pa3MarHHqHBaHHH OTHOCHTeJIbHOe 3HaqeHHe IIOTOKa XOJIOCTOrO xo.u;a He3aBH-
CHMO OT cIIoc06a CTa6HJIH3aQHU BbI'lHCJIHeTCH IIO 1jJ0pMYJIe
<:DBO = AB /(1+ AB + "-a) .
(4.179)
MarHHTHbIe COIIpOTHBJIeHHJI, IIpOBO,ll;HMOCTH U HH.u;YKTHBHbIe COIIPOTUB-
JIeHHH, He06xo,u;HMbIe ,lI;JIH orrpe.u;eJIeHHH TOqKH OTxo.u;a IIpHMOH B03BpaTa H 3JJ:C
XOJIOCTOrO XO.U;a, 3aBHCJlT OT 1jJ0pMbI MarHHTHoro IIOJIH B pa60'leM 3a30pe Ii,
CJIe,ll;OBaTeJIbHO, OT KOHCTpYKQUH pOTopa.
PaCCMOTpl:IM MO,ll;eJIb HBHOIIOJIIOCHOrO CrTIM C IIOJIIOCHbIMH 6aruMaKaMH
Ha pHC. 4.24, r.u;e IIOKa3aHbI HaH60JIee BepOJlTHbIe IIYTH IIpoxoj[()J;eHuH nOTOKOB
peaKQHH HKOpH H MarHHTa U cooTBeTCTBYIOIl{Ue CXeMbI 3aMeIl{eHUJI MarHHTHbIX
ueneH. B 06Il{eM cJIY'Iae MAC 06MOTKH HKOpH H MJJ:C MarHHTa HMeIOT pa3-
JIH'lHoe IIpOcTpaHCTBeHHoe pacrrpe,ll;eJIeHHe U c03,l1;aIOT B B03,nyruHOM 3a30pe
HecHH)'cOH,lI;aJIbHbIe MarHHTHbIe IIOJIH. IIOToK OCHOBHOH rapMOHU'IeCKOH HH-
)l;yKQHH, C03,l1;aHHOH IIpO.u;OJIbHOH MJJ:C HKOpH,
4.6.2. Pa60Ta CrIIM npH HarpY3Ke. BHemHHH XapaJITepHCTHKa
H BeKTOpHaH ,lJ,HarpaMMa
IIpH HarpY3Ke reHepaTopa B03HHKaeT peaKUHH HKOpH, KOropaH IIpU aK-
THBHD-UH)J;yKTHBHOM xapaKTepe C03,l1;aeT BHelliHee IIO OTHOllieHHIO K MarHHTY
IIPO.u;OJIbHoe pa3MarHH'IHBaIOIl{ee IIOJIe. HaH60JIbIlleMY pa3MarHHqHBaHHIO
MarHUT IIO,u;Bepra cJI B peJKHMe BHe3aIIHoro KopoTKoro 3aMbIKaHlfH IIPH MJJ:C,
cooTBeTcTBYIOIl{eH Y,lI;apHoMY TOKY HKOpH. IIepBoHa'laJIbHaH pa3MarHHqH-
BaIOIl{aH MJJ:C HKOpH, HeIIocpe.u;cTBeHHo IIpHJIOJKeHHaH K IIOJIIOCaM MarHHTa
F'dyo.", =(m{.J2W/k Ol i dk kyodJ/[np(1+.1. u RtJJ, ,
r.u;e IIpo.u;OJIbHaH COCTaBJIHIOIl{aH IIepBOHa'laJIbHOrO YCTaHOBHBllierocH TOKa KO-
pOTKoro 3aMbIKaHUH
(/J&1I= (2/n)'rl;jS(jd/m = (2hr:)ThkaB(jdm ,
me kd = B(jd/m /B(jdm - K031jJljJHQHeHT 1jJ0pMbI IIOJIH HKOpH IIO IIpO.u;OJIbHOH ocu,
B(jdm= J.l.oF(jdml( k(j) , (F(jdm= Fdm - FdMm)'
IIoroK B3aHMHOH HH.u;YKQHH OT IIpO,ll;OJIbHOH MJJ:C HKOpH
(/J&J = ktjJd(/J,sdl = (2/ fr)d{jkdktjJdB&Jm '
(4.180)
. . 2
I dk = E oXl(r/ + XcfXq),
(4.177)
kyOd - paCqeTHbIH K03IjJIjJUQUeHT y.u;apHOCTU IIpO.u;OJIbHOH MJJ:C HKOpH, 3Haqe-
HHH KOTOpOro 3aBUCJlT OT KOHCTPYKIJ;UH H MOIl{HOCTH reHepaTopa.
IIocJIe pa3MarHHqHBaHHH HaH60JIbllieH MJJ:C HKOpH MarHHT CTaHOBHTCH
cTa6HJIU3HpOBaHHbIM. TaK KaK B .u;aJIbHeHrueM JII060e U3MeHeHHe HarpY3KH H
IIOBTopHbIe KopOTKHe 3aMbIKaHHH He rrpUBO)l;JlT K H3MeHeHHIO ero MarHHTHbIX
CBOHCTB. TOqKa OTXO,ll;a K cTa6uJIH3HpOBaHHOH JIHHUU B03BpaTa onpe,ll;eJIHeTCH
IIepeCe'leHHeM KpHBOH pa3MarHH'lHBaHHH C IIpHMOH, IIpOBe,ll;eHHOH IIapanneJIb-
HO nyqy 0 - Ao H3 TO'lKH Fd'YJI.M (CM. pHC. 4.22, 6). JJ:JIH HaXOJK,u;eHHH OKOHQa-
r,ll;e k,pd = (/J(jd /(/J(jd/ - K031jJljJHQHeHT rrpO,ll;OJIbHOrO IIOTOKa HKOpH.
OTCIO,lI;a MarHHTHaH IIpOBO.u;HMOCTb B03,nyruHoro 3a30pa B a6COJIIOTHbIX e,ll;u-
HHQax (rH),lI;JIH IIOTOKa (/J(jd
A&J = (/J&f / F&Jm = 2kgk;PgPoTl,s (frO k{j).
(4.181)
AHaJIOrH'lHO HaXO)l;JlT MarHHTHYIO IIpOBO,u;HMOCTb B03,l1;yruHoro 3a30pa
.u;JIJI IIoroKa (/J(j,w' C03,l1;aHHoro IIOIIepe'lHOH MAC HKOpH F", = - F(j,w'
194
rnaBa 4. CMHXpoHHble reHepaTopbl
C nOCTORHHblMM MarHMTaMM
PeJKMMbl pa60TbI cr C nOCTORHHblMM MarHMTaMM
195
(4.182)
ktjJd = 1rsin(a p 1r/2)/(a p 1r+sina p 1l);
kq = (a p 1r-sina p 1r)/1r; (4.184)
ktjJq = 1rll- cos(a p1r /2)J/(a p 1r - sin a p1r);
k M = 4sin(a p 1r/2)/1r;
ktjJM =a1r 2 /[8sina p 1r/2],
r.u;e a p = 6p1r- K031jJljJHuueHT IIOJIIOCHOrO IIepeKpbITHH.
113 (4.181) - (4.183) BH,u;HO, '-!TO 3Ha'leHHe MarHHTHOU IIpOBO,ll;HMOCTII
B03.u;yruHoro 3a30pa 3aBHCUT OT 1jJ0pMbI IIORH. 3TO 06CTOJlTeJIbCTBO He II03-
BOJIHeT 06'be)I;HHHTb cxeMbI 3aMeIl{eHHH Ha puc 4.24, r-e. COBMeIl{eHUe YKa3aH-
HbIX cxeM MOJKeT 6bITb cTporo 060cHoBaHo JIUrub IIpU O,ll;HHaKOBoH 1jJ0pMe no-
JIeH OT rrpO,ll;OJIbHOH MJJ:C HKOpH H OT MJJ:C MarHlITa.
IIoToK MarHHTa (/J M1 , 06pa3YH C ljJa30H 06MOTKH HKOpH IIOTOKOCueIIJIe-
HHe Ip M1 = W1kOl(/J M1 , HaBO)I;HT 3JJ:C XOJIOCTOrO xo.u;a
At5.'11 = (/Jt5M / Fa" = 2k M ktjJ g J.l o d t5 (1ro ko)
U MarHHTH}'IO npOBO,ll;HMOCTb pa60'lero 3a30pa ,lI;JIH IIOTOKa (/J M' oo3,l1;I;1HHoro
MD,C MarHHTa F.'II = F M ,
A,jM = (/J M/F M = 2k.'IIktJ>M J.l.od /(1rokoJ.
(4.183)
. _ _ * . d . ___.....cr.
!II.. ur..... %,
.
d ':','
q a Fdm q 6 q B
Poco 4.24. MO.IJ.eJ1b CrnM:
0,6,6 - nymu nomOK06 PeoKlfuu RKopR U MazHuma; z, 0, e- CXeM613tLMeUfeHUR MaZHum-
H61X Ifeneii; 3IC, 3, U - pacnpeOeneHue MaZHUmH61X nOlle" peaKIfUU RKOpR U MOZHuma
3.u;ecb kg = B glrrl B gm - K031jJljJHUHeHT 1jJ0pMbI IIOJIH HKOpH IIO IIOIIepeq-
HOH OCH; B gm = J.l.F g,,/(ok ); ktjJg = (/Jlig / (/JlJg1 - K031jJljJHUHeHT IIOIIepeqHoro
IIOTOKa JlKOpH; k.'II = B M1/B M - K031jJljJHUUeHT 1jJ0pMbI IIOJIIOCa MarHHTa; ktJ>M =
=(/J &. / (/J &.1 - K031jJljJHUHeHT IIOTOKa MarHHTa.
JJ:JIH CrIIM MOJKHO IIPHHHTb, qTO IIOJIe B pa60qeM 3a30pe B IIpe.u;eJIax IIO-
JIIOCHOH ,lI;yrH ,lI;JIH pOTOpa paCIIpe.u;eJIeHO IIO IIpHMoyrOJIbHOMY 3aKOHY, )I;JIJl CTa-
TOpa - IIO CHHYCOH,u;aJIbHOMY 3aKOHY, a B IIpOMeJKYTKax MeJK.u;y IIOJIIOCaMH -
paBHO HYJIIO (CM. pHC. 4.24, JK-H). IIpH TaKOM ,lI;OIIYllIeHHH K03IjJIjJHl{HeHTbI
1jJ0pMbI IIOJIJI U IIOTOKa BbIqHCJIJIIOT IIO 1jJ0pMYJIaM:
I
If
R.
r
RM
I .
't
JK
'.. "m
R,
e J 7jf""
R&J , "I
r2 'CI>/jM
Ra
--
«IbM
FM
e
RM <;I)M
to
IJ..
Eo = 4,44 jj W1ko1(/J M1'
.II
IIOTOKU peaKIJ;HH HKOpH (/JM1 H (/J gl HH)J;yKTHpYIOT B IjJa3aX 06MOTKU CTa-
ropa 3JJ:C:
FIiq=Fq F
d q d MO Film
: .A!! :/iql q fI!I M 11M
I ,.I,;I! :: II %1 - 1
",iiiniill!IUiiiii. .
"1- I -
3 Ii
Ead =-;w Vr &II /..fi =-j Xad i d ;
Eag =-;W Vr &]1 /..fi =-j X aq iq.
(4.185)
(4.186)
rJIaBHOe HH,u;YKTHBHOe COIIpOTHBJIeHUe JlKOpH IIO IIPO.u;OJIbHOH OCH
_ Ead _ W Wlk01(/J&ll _ w fflk01Fdm A _ 2mlhWlk61 1
Xad - I;; - /lId - /lId adl - p .lLadl'
(4.187)
r.u;eF dm = J2m,W.k0l1d11tp; Aaq1 = AatlktJ>d. Aad OIIpe,ll;eJIHeTCH IIO cxeMe 3aMe-
Il{eHHH puc. 4.24, 1',
Aad =1/ Rad = A&I(Au +AM }/(Amf +Au +AM)'
rJIaBHOe HH)J;yKTHBHOe conpoTUBJIeHHe HKOpJl IIO IIOnepeqHOU OCH
Eaq W ffl k ol(/Jt5 q \ W fflk01Fqm 2mlhWlk61
Xaq=I;= /lId = .J2Iq A q \= P Aql' (4.188)
meF qm = ..fimlfflkolIq /1qJ; Aq1 = AaqlktJ>q; Aaq onpe.u;eJIJleTCH IIO cxeMe 3a-
MeIl{eHHJI Ha plfC. 4.24, ,lI;,
Aaq = 1/ Raq = A&]. (4.189)
kd = (a p 1r+sina p 1r)/1r;
I
IIII
II
JI
196
rnaBa 4. CMHXpoHHble reHepaTopbl
C nOCTOSlHHblMM MarHMTaMM
Pe)l(MMbl pa60Tbi cr C nOCTOSlHHblMM MarHMTaMM
197
r,u;e its - cYMMapHbIH K031jJljJHuHeHT y,u;eJIbHOH IIpOBO,u;HMOCTH ,u;JISI IIOTOKocueII-
JIeHHJI pacceSlHHH 06MOTKH SlKOpSi.
IIoJIHbIe HH,u;YKTHBHbIe COIIpOTHBJIeHHH SlKOpJl oIIpe,u;eJISIIOTCJI H3BeCTHbI-
MH cOOTHorueHHSlMH
IIOnepeqHbIH IIOTOK SlKOpSi crIIM, KaK H B reHepaTope C 3JIeKTpoMar-
HHTHbIM B036Y)K,lI;eHHeM, IIPOXO)l;I1T pa60qHH 3a30p H 3aMbIKaeTCSI IIO CTanbHbIM
yqaCTKaM MarHHToIIpoBo,u;a. Ha IIYTH IIpO,u;OJIbHOrO IIOTOKa SlKOpH I1,MeeTCSI
60JIbIIIOe MarHHTHoe COIIpOTHBJIeHHe MarHJITa, 06YCJIOBJIeHHOe MaJIOH MarnHT-
HOH IIpoHHuaeMocTbIO B03BpaTa H qaCTb IIpO,u;OJIbHOrO IIOTOKa 3aMbIKaeTCSI IIO
nYTHM paCCeJlHHSI pOTopa (CM. pHC. 4.24, a). TI03TOMY B CillM C HH,u;YKTopaMH,
co,u;epJKallIHMH IIOJIIOCHbIe 6aIIIMaKH, it aq > it ad H, CJIe,u;OBaTeJIbHO, x aq > Xad
B reHepaTopax 6e3 IIOJIIOCHbIX 6aIIIMaKoB H IIpo,u;OJIbHbIH, H IIOIIepeqHbIH
IIOTOKH HKOpSi npOxO,ll;JlT IIO MarHJITY, B pe3YJIbTaTe qero MarH11THaJJ IIPOBO,u;H-
MOCTb IIO IIOIIepeqHOH OCH YMeHbliiaeTCSI B 60JIbIIIeH CTeIIeHH H HH,u;YKTHBHbIe
COIIpOTHBJIeHHSI SlKOpSi BbrpaBHHBaIOTCSI. II03TOMY CrIIM C HH,u;YKTOPOM THIIa
«3Be3,u;OqKa» IIO CBOHM CBoHcTBaM 6JIH3KH K HeSlBHOnOJIIOCHbIM reHepaTopaM H
x aq Z xad.
IIapaMeTpbI cxeMbI 3aMeIl{eHHH MarnHTHOH ueIIH (CM. p11c. 4.24, 1') MOryT
6bITb paCCqHTaHbI HCXO,u;H H3 npH6JIHJKeHHOH KapTHHbI MarHHTHoro IIOJIH IIO
IIpHBe,u;eHHbIM HHJKe 1jJ0pMYJIaM.
MarHHTHaH IIpOBO,u;HMOCTb IIOJIIOCa MarnHTa IIO IIPO,u;OJIbHOH OCH
Xd=Xad+ XI; X q =X aq + xI,
(4.193)
r,u;e X I = 2 7r Ji wi its - HH)J;yKTHBHoe conpOTHBJIeHHe paCCeJlHHH 06MOTKH SlKO-
pSI.
3TOMY ypaBHeHHIO COOTBeT-
cTByeT BeKTOpHaH ,u;HarpaMMa
crIIM (pHC. 4.25), IIOCTpoeHHaSi Puc. 4.25. BeKTopHaH uarpaMMa CrlIM
IIPH aKTHBHO-HH)J;yKTHBHOH HarpY3-
Ke. B Marul1HaX MaJIOH MOIl{HOCTH HHor,u;a pa3JIHqaIOT yrJIbI HarpY3KH 8 H 8 e .
YrOJI 8e xapaKTeplI3yeT c,u;B11r IIO ljJa3e Mej[()J;y 3JJ:C XOJIOCTOrO xo,u;a Eo H Ha-
IIpSlJKeH11eM reHeparopa, a yroJI 8 - Mej[()J;y 3JJ:C Eo H pe3YJIbTHpYIOIl{eH 3JJ:C E/)
(3)J:C OT pe3YJIbTHpYIOIl{ero IIOTOKa <:D/»). YroJI 8e XapaKTepmyeT TaKJKe npo-
crpaHcTBeHHbIH c,u;BHr MeJK)J;y npo,u;OJIbHOH OCbIO MarH11Ta H OCbIO pe3YJIbTH-
pYIOIl{erO IIOTOKa. IIpH XOJIOCTOM xo,u;e reHepaTopa 8 = 8e= 0, IIPH HarpY3Ke
8> 8 e .
PaCqeT MarHHTHOH uenH
CillM BbIIIOJIHHeTCH, KaK IIpaBHJIO,
,u;JISI peJKHMa XOJIOCTOrO xo,u;a ,u;JIJI
MarHUTHoro IIOTOKa (/Jltw OIIpe,u;e-
JIeHHOrO IIO cxeMe 3aMeIl{eHHH pHC.
4.23, e 6e3 yqeTa iIaCbIIl{eHHH. B pe-
3YJIbTaTe pacqeTa HaxO,u;HT K031jJ1jJH-
l{HeHT HaCbIIl{eHHSI k,,=(Ft5+
+F en J/Ft5. TIa,u;eHHe MarHHTHoro IIO-
TeHUHaJIa Ha CTaJIbHbIX yqaCTKax
Fern IIpH6JIHJKeHHO MOJKeT 6bITb yq-
TeHO BBe,u;eHHeM paCqeTHOrO 3a30pa
0" = o'k/l = okt5 k /l'
IIpH pa60Te Ha HarpY3KY B
YCTaHOB11BIIIeMCSI peJKHMe ypaBHe-
HHe 3JIeKTplI'IeCKOrO paBHoBeCHH
CrTIM IIMeeT THIIHqHbIH ,u;JISI CHH-
XpOHHbIX reHepaTopoB BH,u; [4.10]
it Jl ,=IIR c " = f.1.66.\!IM/h ".
MarHHTHaH IIpOBO,u;HMOCTb paCCeJlHHH pOTopa Ha O,u;HH IIOJIIOC
(4.190)
it u = 11Ru = it u .\! + it up ,
(4.191)
r,u;e MarHHTHaH IIpOBO,u;HMOCTb pacceSlHHSI IIOJIIOCa MarHHTa MeJK)J;y 60KOBbIMH H
TopueBbIMH IIOBepxHOCTSlMH
it u .\! = (417r)f.1.o[pIJlf+6 " sin [7r/(2p)]+O,5h,J;
MarHHTHaH IIpOBO,u;HMOCTb pacceSlHHH IIOJIIOCHbIX 6aIIIMaKoB
U=Eo-jXcPd-jXqlq-rl/' (4.194)
it up = 4f.1.o[hpl p /c p + O,64( hp + 1'p)YI + O,32("yiJ .
3,u;eCb hp H Ip - BbICOTa Ii ,lI;JIHHa IIOJIIOCHOrO 6aIIIMaKa; c p - IIIHpHHa MeJK-
,u;YIIOJIIOCHOH IIpope3H; 6J1f, hJlf, HI." - IIIHpHHa, BbICOTa H ,lI;JIHHa nOJIIOCa MarnH-
Ta; l'p = (I p -(..,)12 - ,lI;JIHHa BbIcTYIIaIOIl{eH 3a MaruHT qaCTH IIOJIIOCHOro 6aIIIMa-
Ka;
YI =10 ll+JT6 p /(2c p )J;
Y2 =10 ll+JT(6 p -6,,,)/(2c p )J.
MarHUTHaJI IIpOBO,u;HMOCTb pacceSlHHSI SlKOpSi
A.s = / / Rs == 2J.lo/ljA.s /(pq),
(4.192)
Eo
M
<1>8
<I>
80
d
lq
M H
198
rnaBa 4. CMHXpoHHble reHepaTopbl
C nOCTOSlHHblMM MarHMTaMM
Pe)l(MMbl pa60Tbi cr C nOCTOSlHHblMM MarHMTaMM
199
TaK KaK IIpSiMoe perYJIHpOBaHHe IIOTOKa MarHHTa He IIpe,u;CTaBnHeTCJI
B03MOJKHbIM, OCHOBHOH xapaKTepHCTHKOH crIIM SlBJIHeTCJI BHellIHSlH xapaKTe-
pHcTHKa - 3aBHCHMOCTb BbIxo,u;Horo HaIIpJlJKeHHH reHepaTopa OT TOKa HarpY3KH
npH IIOCTOJlHHbIX yrJIOBOH CKOpOCTH BpallIeHHSI pOTopa H xapaKTepe HarpY3KH:
V = f (IaJ IIPH Q = const . cosrp = const . JJ:nH JlBHOIIOJIIOCHOro reHepaTOpa
BHeIIIHHH xapaKTepHcTHKa CTpOHTCJI rpaljJoaHaJIHTHqeCKHM MeTo,u;OM. ECJIH Ha-
rpY3Ka 3a,l1;aHa B BH,lI;e Zn = r n + jX m TO rp = arc cos r n / X n , a yrOJI p paCCqHTblBa-
eTCJI no COOTHOIlleHHIO
HaH60JIbllIerO 3HaqeHHH
IIpO,u;OJIbHO-pa3MarHHqHBaIOIl\aJI
MJJ:C peaKUHH SlKOpJl ,u;OCTHraeT
IIPH qHCTO HH,u;YKTHBHOH HarpY3Ke
(cosrp = 0). BbIxo,u;Hoe HaIIpJlJKeHHe
IIPH TaKOH HarpY3Ke H HOMHHaJIb-
HOM TOKe YMeHbllIaeTCSI Ha 30 - 50%
OT 3JJ:C XOJIOCTOro xo,u;a. IIpH aK-
THBHo-eMKocTHOH HarpY3Ke npo-
,u;OJIbHaJI peaKUHSI SlKOpSi OKa3bIBaeT
IIo,u;MarnH'-lHBaIOIl\ee ,u;eHcTBHe H
HarrpJl)l(eHHe MOJKeT ,u;aJKe IIpeBbI-
CHTb 3JJ:C Eo.
AKTHBHaH MOIl{HOCTb, IIepe-
,u;aBaeMaH reHepaTopoM HarpY3Ke,
X n + x q
P = aretg .
r n +rl
I)
q
I
II
"I
nOpROOK nocmpoeHUR. BbI6HpaIOT MaCIllTa6 TOKa HarpY3KH I H H3 IIpO-
H3BOJIbHOH TOqKH JJ: rrpOBO,u;HT B IIp0113BOJIbHOM HaIIpaBJIeHHH BeKTop i TIo,u;
yrJIOM - 7C/2 K HeMY B MaCIllTa6e HaIIpjiJKeHHH OTKJIa,u;bIBaIOT oTpe30K JJ:C = Ix q .
a IIO,ll; yrnoM -7C+P - oTpe30K JJ:O =E o + Id(Xq-X<JJ: IIOJIyqaIOT TOqKY 0 - ueHTp
BJJ:. IIo,u; yrnoM P K oTpe3KY ,[(0 IIpOBO)I;HT BeKTop TOKa I, a IIO,u; yrnoM rp K He-
MY - HaIIpaBJIeHHe BeKTOpa . 113 TO'-IKH C IIO,ll; yrnoM - 7C/2 K OTpe3KY JJ:C OTKJIa-
)J;bIBaIOT OTpe30K CA = Irl' TOqKa A oIIpe,u;eJIHeT BeJIHqHHY HanpJlJKeH11S1 V.
06bIQHO orpaHHqHBaIOTCJI TaKHM IIocTpoeHHeM ,u;JISI TOKa I = In , TaK KaK ,u;Be
,u;pyrHe TOqKH BHeIIIHeH xapaKTepHCTHKH (TOqKa xonOCToro xo,u;a V o = Eo
E r.2 + r2 50 )
H I = 0 H TOqKa KOpOTKOro 3aMbIKaHHSI V = 0 HI k = 0' r 2 ) H3-
V" ' +XdX q
BeCTHbI. JJ:nH HeSlBHOnOJIIOCHOrO reHepaTopa CIIpaBe,u;JIHBbI COOTHOIlleHHSI
Xd=X q =X c .
Eo
cosq><I;q»O
o
I K
PHC. 4.26. BHeuIHHe xapaKTepHcTHKH re-
HepaTopa C nOCTOHHHblMH MarHHTaMH
P = m I VIcosrp.
(4.196)
ECJIH He Y'IUTbIBaTb IIOTepH B CTaJIH, TO 3JIeKTpOMarHHTHaJI MOIl{HOCTb,
IIepeL\aBaeMaH C poropa Ha CTaTOp, CKJIa,u;blBaeTCji 113 aKTHBHOH MOIl{HOCTH P H
3JIeKTpHQeCK11X IIOTepb B 06MOTKe HKOpH P 3M:
P 3M = P + P 3 J/ = mlI(Ucosrp + Irl).
III
(4.197)
4.6.3. IIocTpoeHHe BHeIIIHeii xapaKTepHcTHKH CrIIM
KaK OTMeqaJIOCb, oc06eHHocTbIO reHepaTopoB C B036YJK,u;eHHeM OT IIO-
CTOSlHHbIX MarHHTOB JlBnHeTCSI TO, qTO C 113MeHeHHeM TOKa HarpY3KH MeHHeTCH
COCTOSlHHe MarnHTOB H 3HaqeHHe IIone3HorO IIOTOKa B B03,u;yruHOM 3a30pe Ma-
ruHHbI. II03TOMY BHellIHHe xapaKTepHCTHKH CTpOHT C HCIIOJIb30BaHHeM pa60QeH
,u;HarpaMMbI MarnHTOB (pHC. 4.27) H BeKTopHoH ,u;HarpaMMbI HaIIpSlJKeHHH
(4.25). B COOTBeTCTBHH C TaKHM IIpeL\CTaBJIeHHeM MarHHTbI MorYT 6bITb 3aMe-
HeHbI 3KBHBaJIeHrHOH 06MOTKOH B036YJK,u;eHHH 6e3 IIoTepb, IIO,ll;KJIIOqeHHOH K
HCTOQHHKY TOKa H c03,u;aIOIl\eH MJJ:C F MO . TaKaSi 3aMeHa II03BOJIHeT npe,u;cTa-
BHTb ypaBHeHHH paBHoBecHH HaIIpSlJKeHHH CrIIM IIO aHaJIOrHH C ypaBHeHHHMH
06bIqHOH CHHXpOHHOH MaruHHbI B cne,u;YIOIl\eM BH,lI;e:
Eo = (Vcosrp+rIf + (Vsinrp + xJf
I:
Ero BHeIIIHSISI xapaKTepHcTHKa MOJKeT 6bITb BbIpaJKeHa aHaJIHTH'-IeCKH:
u = Eo + 12(r, cos + Xc sin / - 12(,-2, +x 2 c)- I(r, cos + Xc sin ).
(4.195)
Ha pHC. 4.26 IIOKa3aHbI BHeIIIHHe xapaKrepHcTHKH CrIIM IIPH aKTHBHoH
(cosrp =I), aKTHBHo-HH)l;yKTHBHOH (cosrp < I;rp > 0) H aKTHBHo-eMKOCTHOH
(cosrp < I; rp < 0) HarpY3Kax. IIpH aKTHBHoH HarpY3Ke BbIXO,ll;HOe HanpHJKeH11e
YMeHbllIaeTcJI 3a CqeT IIa,ll;eHHSI HanpSlJKeHHSI Ha aKTHBHOM COIIpOTHBJIeHHH 06-
MOTKH jiKOpSi. KpoMe Toro, 06MOTKa CTaTOpa 06na,u;aeT HH)l;yKTHBHbIM conpo-
THBJIeHHeM, qTO 06ycnOBJIHBaeT IIOSlBJIeHHe IIpo,u;onbHoH pa3MarHHqHBaIOIl\eH
COCTaBJISIIOIl{eH peaKQHH SlKOpJl, YMeHbllIaIOIl{eH pe3ynbTHpyroIl\HH IIOTOK W;j ,
3JJ:C Eo H, Cne,ll;OBaTenbHO, BbIXOlIHoe HarrpJlJKeHHe.
V d =d'l/d Idt -OJ'l/q +r1i d ;
V q =d'l/q Idt -OJ'l/d +r]i q ;
'l/d = Ldid + LdMIMO;
'1/ q = Lqi q ; I MO = const.
III
II
(4.198)
I
i i
II
200
rnaBa 4. CMHXpoHHble reHepaTopbl
C nOCTOSlHHblMM MarHMTaMM
YpaBHeHHH (4.198) 3aIIHcaHbI .u;JIH Mo.u;eJIH CmM 6e3 .u;eMIIljJepHoH 06-
MOTKH. HaIIpHJKeHHH Ud H U q npHJIOJKeHbI K 3aJKHMaM 06MOTKH HKOpH (.u;JIH re-
HepaTopHoro peJKHMa U d <0 H Uq<O). Bce IIapaMeTpbI IIpHBe.u;eHbI II'! qHCJIY ljJa3
H qHCJIY BHTKOB 06MOTKH JlKOpH.
IIOJIHbIe HH,lI;YKTHBHOCTH 06MOTKH JlKOpH Ld = XcJW; Lq = xqw. B3aHMHaH
HH,lI;YKTHBHOCTb Mej[()J;Y 06MOTKOH HKOpH H MarHHTOM L,JM = XtJ'WCV, r.u;e
_ -J 2E o _ wW1kOlFMM 1 2mdi(Wlkol)2
XdM --- /!,dMI AdM)' (4.199)
I MO I MO P
3.u;ecb aMIIJIHry.u;Hoe 3HaqeHHe 3KBHBaJIeHTHOrO TOKa B036y)!(.u;eHHH, IIPH-
Be.u;eHHoro K qHCJIY BHTKOB H qHCJIY ljJa3 06MOTKH cTaTopa,
III
I
!
In
III
II
I MO =7lpF Mo /(mlJYtk o d; (4.200)
MarHHTHaJI IIpOBO,ll;HMOCTb A.iml = Admk,pM, r.u;e Adm OIIpe.u;eJIHeTCH IIO cxeMe 3a-
MeIl{eHHH (CM. pHC. 4.23, e):
Adm = C/JoMIF:"o = AOM A " I(Ao M + Ao + A wJ.
il
I
IIOJIb3YHCb .u;11a-
rpaMMoH COCTOJlHHH
MarHHTOB HH.u;YKTOpa,
MOJKHO ,lI;JIH JII060ro
peJKHMa pa60TbI reHe-
paTopa HaHTH 3Haqe-
HHH MarHHTHOrO no-
TOKa C/J 0 B B03.u;YIIIHOM
3a30pe 11 IIpO.u;OJIbHOH
COCTaBJIHIOIl{eH peaK-
WIH HKOpH F 00' B pe-
JKHMe XOJIOCTOrO xo.u;a
(roqKa N Ha pHC. 4.27)
I = 0, Fod = 0 H U =
= EoJJ, . IIpH YBeJIHqe-
H11H TOKa HarpY3KH
pa60qaJI TOqKa reHepa-
Topa CMeIl{aeTCH IIO
o
<1>15 1
<1> 15 2
III
I I II III
II
I
F
Fc
M
o
PHC. 4.27. K pac'le-ry BHeuIHeH xapaKTepHcTHKII
CrnM
JIHHHH NM BJIeBO - BHH3 .
3a.u;a.u;HMcJI HeCKOJIbKHMH pa60qHMH TOqKaMH (1, 2, 3 H T..u;.) Ha YKa3aH-
HOH rrpJlMOH H oIIpe.u;eJIHM COOTBeTCTBYIOIl{He JTHM peJKHMaM 3HaqeHHH TOKa
HarpY3KH H HanpJlJKeHHH reHepaTopa (CM. pHC. 4.27).
HaIIpHMep, TOqKe 1 cooTBeTcTByeT 3HaqeHHe IIOTOKa B B03,l1;yruHOM 3a30pe
C/Jb] H HeKoTopoe 3HaqeHHe MAC Fj , paCXO,ll;yeMoH Ha rrpOBe.u;eHHe 3Toro IIO-
I
Iii'
II
pH
Pe>KMMbl pa60Tbi cr C nOCTOSlHHblMM MarHMTaMM
201
TOKa IIO MarHHTHOH uenH reHepaTopa H IIpeo.u;OJIeHHe pa3MarHHqHBaIOIl{eH IIpO-
.u;OJIbHOH COCTaBJIHIOIl{eH peaKUHH RKOpH Fod. TIo xapaKTepHCTHKe C/Joo = f(F)
(npRMaJI ON) IIOTOKY C/Jb] cooTBeTCTByeT rra.u;eHHe MJJ:C BO BHeIIIHeH ,lI;JIH
HH,lI;YKTopa MarHHTHOH ueIIH F B ]. IIpo.u;oJIbHaJI COCTaBJIRIOIl{aR peaKUHH RKOpR B
3TOM peJKHMe
Foo=F]-FB1'
3AC HarpYJKeHHoro reHepaTopa B roqKe I
E]=4,44 koW,pf"C/Jb].
TIo paCCqHTaHHbIM paHee IIapaMeTpaM reHepaTopa H BeJIHqHHaM Fod H
Em xapaKTepH3YlOIl{HM peJKHM ero pa6OTbI, yron MeJK,lI;Y TOKOM H 3JJ:C VI MOJK-
HO OIIpe.u;eJIHTb aHaJIHTHqeCKH:
[ t gtp (1 + q) tg2tp(1 + q)2 ]
VI=arctg + +q ,
2 4
X q - Ratgtp
r.u;e q- .
- sEll / Fad - Xu + R£1tgtp ,
S = O,9mK o (W,plp)K a d'
TIOJIY'IeHHOe 3HaqeHHe yrJIa VI II03BOJIHeT orrpe.u;eJIHTb TOK
I = Fad
S sin tp
(4.201)
H IjJa3HOe HaIIpRJKeHHe
U = Ell - I(x u sinlfl + Ra coslfI) , (4.202)
COS(VI - tp)
cooTBeTcTBYIOIl{He 3HeprHH B pa60qeH TOqKe Ha .u;HarpaMMe MarHHTOB (CM. pHC.
4.26).
IIpOBO.u;R paCqeTbI no H3JIOJKeHHOMY aJIrOp11TMY )!;JIR .u;pyrHX TOqeK (2, 3 H
T..u;.) pa60qeH .u;11arpaMMbI, IIOJIyqHM cOBoKynHOCTb 3HaqeHHH TOKa HarpY3KH H
cooTBeTCTBYIOIl{erO eMY ljJa3Horo HanpRJKeHHH reHepaTopa. B peJKHMe KOPOT-
Koro 3aMbIKaHHH rrpH HCrrOJIb30BaHHH B cr MarHUTOB Ha 6a3e pe.u;K03eMeJIbHbIX
MaTepHaJIOB Fad == 0, 5Fc, U = 0, a TOK h orrpe.u;eJIReTCJI IIO (4.201) rrpH YCJIOBHH
IfIK = arctg(xlRJ .
(4.203)
4.6.4. AKTHBHaH MOIIJ;HOCTb H 3JIeKTpOMarHHTHbIH MOMeHT CrIIM
AKTHBHaH MOIl{HOCTb, IIepe.u;aBaeMaJI reHepaTopoM HarpY3Ke,
P = mjU I cos rp = m]U I cos ({3 - B) = mjU(Iqcos B + Idsin B),
(4.204)
II
III
I
202
rnaBa 4. CMHXpoHHble reHepaTopbl
C nOCTOJlHHblMM MarHMTaMM
Pe>KMMbl pa60Tbi cr C nOCTOJlHHblMM MarHMTaMM
203
I II
r,ll;e Iq = Iqcos p; Id = I sin p; p > 0 IIPH oTCTaIOIl{eM OT 3JJ:C TOKe; 8> 0 IIPH
OTCTalOIl{eM OT 3JJ:C HaIIpJlJKeHHH.
IIpoeKTHPYH BeKTOpbI HaIIpHJKeHHH .u;HarpaMMbI IIO pHC. 4.24 Ha HanpaB-
JIeHHH TOKOB Id H Iq, 3aIIHIIIeM
r.u;e k 3C - K031jJljJHUHeHT 3anonHeHHH CTanH; Yem == 7,8 . 10 3 Kr/ - IIJIOTHOCTb
CTaJIH.
Macca SlpMa (cnHHKH) SlKOpH
Usin 8 = xqlq - rj1d; Ucos8 = Eo - Xd1d - rjlq.
PellIaJI 3TH ypaBHeHHSI OTHOCHTeJIbHO TOKOB, Hall.u;eM
{ Id = [EoXq -U(xqcosB+1jsinB)]/&i 2 +x d x q l
Iq = [Eor( +U(x d sinB-1j cosB)]/&i 2 +XdXJ
IIo.u;cTaBJIHSI (4.206) B (4.205), IIOJIY'IHM
(4.205)
Mal = ll(D + 2h n + 2h k + h a )h)k 3C r em.
(4.213)
Macca aKTHBHbIX MaTepHaJIOB cTaTopa
(4.206)
M j = Moa+Mz+M aj .
(4.214)
m UE m(U 2 (x -x )
P= 2 1 0 (xqsinB+r,cosB)+ 2 d q sin2B
r\ +xdx q 2(r( +XdX q )
m\U 2 rl
2 . (4.207)
r( + xdx q
.PaCqeTHbIe COOTHOllIeHHH .u;JISI OIIpe,ll;eJIeHHH MaCCbI aKTHBHbIX MaTepna-
nOB pOTopa 3aBHCJlT OT ero THIIa.
Pomop muna ((c6opnaR 36e30ollKQ). B 3TOM CJIyqae Macca aKTHBHbIX
MaTepnaJIOB pOTopa
M2=M11M+Ma2+Ma,
(4.215)
EcnH He yqUTbIBaTb IIOTepH B CTaJIH, TO 3JIeKTpOMarnUTHaSi MOIl{HOCTb,
nepe.u;aBaeMaJI C pOTopa Ha CTaTOp, CKJIa.u;bIBaeTCJI H3 aKTUBHOH MOIl{HOCTH P H
3JIeKTpHqeCKHX IIOTepb B 06MOTKe JlKOpSl: P3Jl:
r.u;e M nM - Macca IIOCTOJlHHbIX MarnHTOB,
MnM=2P6MhMIMYnM ,
(4.216)
P 3M = P+P 3Jl = mjI(U cosrp+lrIJ.
If3 BeKTopHoH .u;HarpaMMbI (CM. pHC. 4.25)
(4.208)
3.u;eCb YnH - IIJIOTHOCTb MaTepHaJIa TIM; M a 2 - Macca JlpMa HH)J;yKTopa ,
I
M a2 =!:.[(D 6 +h 6T f -D6 2 ]lkoTYcT' (4.217)
4
III
Ucwrp+kj=[EO+ ax JCWP
(4.209)
P 3M =mj[Eolq +ldlq(Xd-X J.
(4.210)
r.u;e koT == 1,2...1,3 - K031jJIjJHUHeHT, yqHTbIBaIOIl{HH OTJIH'IHe 1jJ0pMbI JlpMa OT
UHnHH,lI;pa.
Macca 6aH,u;aJKa
1 1 ;1
I
,II
Ij
II'
OTCIO.u;a
II
3neKTpOMarHHTHOH MOIl{HOCTH COOTBeTcTByeT 3neKTpOMarHHTHbIH MO-
MeHT M 3M = P3 Q , KOTOpbIH IIPH IIOCTOSlHHOll 'IaCTOTe BpaIl{eHHSI pOTopa
ypaBHoBellIHBaeT BHellIHHH MeXaHH'-IeCKHll BpaIl{aIOIl{HH MOMeHT M6'
4.6.5. Onpe.ll.eJIeHHe MaCCLI aKTHBHLlX MaTepHaJIOB,
nOTepb H KII,lJ; reHepaTopa
Macca Me.u;H 06MOTKH JlKOpSi
Moa = mWq,lepqnp YM,
n [ 2 2 ]
ME =- Dp -(D p -hE) IprE,
4
r.u;e Dp = D-a - .u;HaMeTp pOTopa; Ys - Cpe,ll;HHH IIJIOTHOCTb MaTepHaJIa 6aH,lI;aJKa
(IIpH MeTanJIHqeCKOM 6aH,lI;aJKe Ys = 8 X 10 3 Kr/M ).
(4.218)
Pomop KOJUleKmOpnOZo muna. Macca aKTHBHbIX MaTepHaJIOB pOTOpa
(4.211)
M2 = M 11M + M n + Ma,
(4.219)
I ,
II1 I
jl
111,1
::"
r.u;e qnp - nnOIl{a,ll;b IIOIIepeqHoro Ce'IeHHH ljJa3bI 06MOTKH HKOpSl; Y = (8.3 - 8.9) x
x 10 3 Kr/M 3 - IIJIOTHOCTb Me,ll;H; T 'IHCJIO ljJa3 06MOTKH.
Macca 3y6UOB Sl:KOpJl
M z = { [(D+2h. +2h k )2 _D 2 ]-Z6.h. }lk,cYcm, (4.212)
r.u;e M nM - Macca IIOCTOJlHHbIX MarHHTOB, oIIpe.u;enHeMaJI no (4.216); M n - Macca
IIOJIIOCOB,
M n ={ ; [D 2 p - (D p -26M)2 -2PhM6M It5'cT ;
MB - Macca cBapHoro 6aH,lI;aJKa, paCCqHTbIBaeMaJI IIO (2.56).
Macca aKTHBHbIX MaTepHaJIOB reHepaTopa
(4.220)
I'
I
I
,I
I1I1
'1111
!I
I
!I I I
1,,1
" I I
I'
I I
,
204
rnaBa 4. CMHxpoHHble reHeparopbl
C nOCTOSlHHblMM MarHMTaMM
Pe>KMMbl pa60TbI cr C nOCTOSlHHblMM MarHMTaMM
205
Ma,)1/ = M} + M2.
OTHOCHTeJIbHa Macca aKTHBHbIX MaTepHaJIOB
CYMMapHbIe IIoTepH reHepaTopa
E1P= L1 1/ +Pz+ L1Pa+PnoB+L1PMex + L1P o0 6.
K031jJljJHuHeHT IIone3Horo .u;eHcTBHH reHepaTopa
S" cosQJ
S" cosQJ+'i.M
(4.231)
(4.221)
(4.230)
m{JM = M{JM IS" .
IIonHaH Macca reHepaTopa
(4.222)
17
Ma= kKo"M<L1/ ,
(4.223)
r.u;e k KO " = 1,5...1,7 - KOHCTpYKTHBHbIH K031jJljJHuHeHT .u;JIH reHepaTopoB C B03-
6Yj[()J;eHHeM OT TIM.
IIoTepH H KIIJJ: reHepaTopa oIIpe.u;eJIHIOT .u;JIJI HOM11HaJIbHOro peJKHMa ero
pa60TbI.
IIoTepH B Me.u;H 06MOTKH KOp
4.7. llpuMep 3J1eKTpOMarHuTHoro pac..eTa CUHxpOHHoro
reHepaTopa C nOCTOHHHbIMU MarHUTaMU
03 HeO,lJ,UM-)KeJIe30-6opa
L1P M = mI2"Ra.
(4.224)
B KaqeCTBe IIpHMepa no BbIIlleH3nOJKeHHOH MeTo.u;HKe paCCqHTaH CHH-
XpOHHbIll reHepaTOp C IIOCTOHHHbIMH MarHHTaMH Ha OCHOBe Nd-Fe-B .u;nH BeT-
p03neKTpH'-leCKOH YCTaHOBKH MOllIHOCTbIO 10 KBA co C60PHbIM HH.u;YKTOPOM
nma «3Be3,l1;OqKa» (CM. pHC. 4.19), IIpeJI.Ha3Ha'IeHHbIH .u;JI 6e3pe.u;YKTopHOH BeT-
p03neKTpHqeCKoHYCTaHOBKH.
Pe3YJIbTaTbI pacqeTa CpaBH11BaJIHCb C OIIbITHbIMH .u;aHHbIMH IIO OCHOBHbIM
IIOKa3aTenHM (CM. pHC. 4.28, 4.29).
1. MCxo.u;HbIe .u;aHHbIe: P" = IOKBT; cos QJ = 0,9; U"cjJ = 133B.
n = 125 06/M11H; qHCJIO ljJa3 - 3.
2. AKTHBHbIe qaCTH: Da = 750MM; D j = 620 MM; L j = 140 MM; 8= 1,5 MM.
3. IIOCToRHHbIe MarHHTbI: Br = 1,15 Tn; Hc = 400 KAlM.
4. CxeMa 06MOTKU - o.u;HocnoHHa .
5. qHCJIO na30B CTaropa Z]=2pmq = 48.3.1 = 144.
6. Illar 06MOTKHY= 3 (1 - 4).
7. 06MOTOqHbIH K03IjJIjJHuHeHT ko =1,0.
8. PaCqeTHbIH K031jJljJHWIeHT nonIOcHoro IIepeKpbITHR G.j = 0,8.
9. K03IjJIjJHuHeHTbI: ke = 1,25; kcjJ = 1,11.
10. fl11HeHHaJI HarpY3Ka - npHHJlTO A = 2,5 . 10 4 AIM.
11. MH,lI;YKIJ;HH B B03.u;yruHOM 3a30pe - IIpHHJlTO Bo= 0,7 TJI.
12. OTHOIueHHe aKTHBHoH .u;JIHHbI K .u;HaMeTpy - A = L/Dj = 0.226.
13. OKPYJKHaH CKOpOCTb BpaIl{eHHR
v = ;r/)jn = 7l"' 0,62 .125 = 4 06MI c.
60 60 '
IIoTep11 B CTanH 3y6uOB RKOp
2 ( f ) '.5
M z =PoknBz - M z .
400
IIoTepH B CTaJIH RpMa RKOpH (CTaTOpa)
2 ( f ) '.5
Ma = POkTaBa 400 Ma" (4.226)
B 3THX BbIpaJKeHHJIX Po - y.u;eJIbHbIe IIoTepH B CTaJIH rrp11f= 400 rU H B =
= 1,0 TJI (CM. npHJI. 4); k TZ c:= 2...2,2 H k Ta c:= l,4... 1,6 - reXHOJIOmqeCKHe K031jJ-
IjJHUHeHTbI .u;JI 3y6UOB H CIIHHKH HKOpR, yqHTbIBaIOIl{He YBeJIHqeHHe IIoTepb.
TIoBepxHocTHbIe IIoTepH B 6aH.u;aJKe pOTopa
(4.225)
M noe = 4657dJaplpknoe N[7rDB o (k. -1)]' 1..Ji,
(4.227)
r.u;e knoB - K031jJIjJm:.'(HeIIT, Y'I11TbIBaIOIl{HH CTpYKTYPY IIOBepXHOCTH pOTOpa (.u;JI
cnnOIIIHoro [(HnHH.u;pa knoBC:= 23).
MeXaHIfqeCKHe IIOTepH CKJIa.u;bIBaIOTCH H3 IIOTepb B rro.u;IIIJfnHHKaX H a3-
po.u;HHaMHqeCKHX nOTepb:
L1P Mex =(O, OI...O, 03) S" COSQJ, (4.228)
IIpHqeM 60nbIIIHe 3HaqeH11H IIOTepb COOTBeTCTBYIOT MeHbruHM MOIl{HOCTHM.
JJ:06aBOqHbIe IIOTepH, 06ycnOBJIeHHbIe BbICIIIHMH rapMOHHKaM11 MarH11T-
Horo IIOJIH, B11XpeBbIM11 TOKaMH OT IIoneH pacceRHHH 11 .u;Pyn1MH IIpJfqHHaMH,
MOJKHO onpe.u;eJIHTb IIO COOTHOIIIeHHIO
L1P 006 =0,01 S"cosQJ. (4.229)
14. IIpoH3Be.u;eHHe
ABt5 = 2,5.10 4 .0,7 = 17,5 . I<f Tn A/M.
15. JJ:HaMeTp BaJIa
DB"" 0,3 D j = 0,3.0,62 = 0,186 M.
206
rnaBa 4. CMHXpoHHble reHepaTopbl
C nOCTOJlHHblMM MarHMTaMM
npMMep paC'IeTa cr C nOCTOJlHHblMM MarHMTaMM
207
I
I
1II1
I
II11
16. K031jJIjJHuueHT, yqHTbIBaIOIl{HH IIa)I;eHHe MarHHTHoro HanpJlJKeHHH B
MarHuTHoH uenH B ,lI;OJIHX MJJ:C peaKIJ;HH JlKOpH pi = 1,1...1,5 (npHHHTO
pi= 1,1).
17. K03IjJIjJHuueHT paCCeJlHHJI B peJKHMe x.x. a o = f(P},)I;JIH 2p;= 48 no
3KcTpanOJIHUHH a o = 1,6.
18. K031jJljJHUHeHT npHBe,ll;eHUJI MJJ:C peaKIJ;UU XKOpJl IIO npO,ll;OJIbHOH OCH
K MJJ:C B036Yj[()J;eHUJI kad = 0,85... 0,86 (IIpHHHTO k ad =0,85).
19. IfH,lI;YKuuJI IIPH X.X. B HeiiTpaJIbHOM CeqeHHH MarHHTa
B MO = (0,8...0,9)B r = 0,8.1,15 = 0,92 TJI.
20. HaIIpXJKeHHOCTb IIOJIH B MarHHTe IIPH YCTaHOBHBrueMcH K.3.
H MK = 0,65H c = 0.65400 = 260 KA/M .
21. 06'beM MarHHTa
ko II +51 I O/B Ul I = 13,5+5.13,5.1,5/4 - 1,115;
II +5110/BUlI -BUll 13,5+5.13,5.1,5/4-4
II = = 1&.620 = 13,5MM = 0,0135M - 3y6uoBoe ,lI;eJIeH'Ue.
ZI 144
'1111
I
'II
II
I, I
v = 0,225.S n . PI '0'0 .kad .k1(3
M kp.f.B .H . 1_ ( COS9' ) 2 _ sin9'
MO MK K1(3 KIeJ
0,225.11,1.10 3 .1,l.1,6. 0,8 ' 3 = 0,000969M 3 ,
1,1l'50.0,92.260-103 1_( 0: ) _ 0, 36
r,ll;e Sn - KaJKYIl{aJlcJI MOIl{HOCTb,
27. K03IjJIjJHWIeHT HaCbIIl{eHHJI CTaJIbHbIX yqaCTKOB kJl = 1,05...1,15 (npH-
HHTO kJl = 1,1).
28. K031jJIjJHUHeHT, yqHTbIBaIOIl{HH YMeHbrueH'Ue HOpMaJIbHOH COCTaB-
JIHIOIl{eH HH.u;YKWIH no B03,nYlliHOMY 3a30py:
_ __..Q, _ J(l + 20 p / Di)2p -I t 0,62 (I + 2 . 0,00167/0,62)48 -1 = 0,991.
k z -- 2p.op 1(l +20 p /Di)2p+l ] 48.0,00167 (1+2.0,00167/0,62)48+1
29. K03IjJIjJHUHeHT IIOJIIOCHOrO nepeKpbITHH
a = BM = 0,032 =08.
p T 0,0406 '
30. 3,[(C xonOCToro XO,ll; a npH eCT ecTBeH HoH cTa6 HJIH3aUHH
Eo = U np ../ 2 - sin 9' = 13 2 - 0,436 = 166,3 .
'1 1111
k K3 = 2...3 - KpaTHocTb K3 (IIpH HJlTO k K3 = 3) ;
sin 9' = 1- COS 9'2 = 1- 0,9 2 = 0,436.
22. BblcoTa nOJIIOCa
h -- V M .10 9 -- 0,000969.10 9 = 4 5MM
.. 2P'6.. .L M 48.32.140 ' .
IIpHHHTo: h M = 4,5 MM; B A , = Lrr: = 0,8.40.6 = 32 MM; L = L j = 140 MM.
23. MapKa 3JIeKTpOTeXHH'IeCKOH CTaJIH -- 2214, f:1 = 0,5 MM.
24. ,[(HaMeTp BaJIa (IIO YCJIOBUJIM MeXaHU'IeCKOH npO'-IHOCTH)
31. HOMHHaJIbHbIH ljJa3HbIH TOK
I = Sn .10 3 11,1.10 3 = 27,7A.
np Unpm 3.133
32. IIJIOTHOCTb TOKa B o6MoTKe cTaropaj = (4...6) 10 6 AlMM 2
(npHHHro j = 4,4 A/MM 2 ).
33. YTOqHeHHOe 3HaqeHHe paCqeTHOrO K031jJIjJHIJ;HeHTa IIOJIIOCHOrO IIepe-
KpbITHJI
10000
SH =Plcos9'=-=ll,1.103BA;
0,9
,J
"
4 4
a; = a p + I 6 = 0,8 + 0,0406 6 = 0,87 .
-+- +-
Op l-a p 0,00167 1-0,8
34. CKOC IIa30B cTaropa
111:1
I I I I
Iii I'
I
till
II
( 21D1U ) 21&.125
D6 3kK3,SH/ - 0n= 3,0.11,1/ 205 0,23M.
60 60
25. IIOJIIOCHOe ,neJIeHHe
7tDi 1& . 0,62
T= - = - = 0,0406M = 40,6MM.
2p 48
26. PaC'IeTHaH )!;JIHHa B03)J;yruHoro 3a30pa
op= O' k6= 1.5 '1,115 = 1,67 MM = 0,00167 M.,
r,ne kc5 - K031jJIjJHIJ;HeHT B03)J;yruHoro 3a30pa,
2 sin !£
k ck = 6 =0,955.
35. qHCJIO IIOCne,ll;OBaTeJIbHO COe)I;HHeHHbIX BHTKOB B ljJa3e (npHHHTo
npe,u;BapHTeJIbHO W = 288).
36. qHcno IIapanneJIbHbIX BeTBeH (IIpHHHTO a = 2).
37. Illar 06MOTKH y = 3 (I -- 4 IIa3bI).
III
208
rnaBa 4. CMHXpoHHble reHepaTopbl
C nOCTOJlHHblMM MarHMTaMM
I1 1 1
il
II!
38. qHCJIO npOBO,ll;HHKOB B IIa3Y
W . a 288. 2
u n =-=-=24
p'q 24.1 .
IIpoBo,u; 06MOTOqHbIH II3T - 55 d = 1,06 11,14' 5.
CeqeHHecYMMapHoe
Iq)1/ = 5- q \/ 1= 5 - 0,88 = 4,4 M .
IIpoBepKa nJIOTHOCTH TOKa
j= = 27,7 =315AIMM 2
a.'LqM 2.4,4' .
39. MaKCHMaJIbHaH HH,u;YKIJ;HH B 3y6uax cTaTopa (npHHHTo B Zl = 1,7 TJI).
40. Pa3MepbI IIa3a cTaTopa (c Y'IeTOM 1jJ0pMbI na3a).
41. lIIHpHHa 3y6ua cTaTopa Y CIIHHKH:
" " _ n(D j +2h n d " _ n(620+2.33,6)
I - - 1
42. llIHpHHa 3y6ua CTaTOpa Y pacroqKH
I
II!
II!II
1 1111
!III
9,6 = 5,38MM 2
ll(D j +2h"'I +2( 6 1-6"'I ) 1l(620+2 0 1,3+ ( 8,3-4 ) 2
, 2 , 2 2
6ZI = 2 1 6 n I - 1 8,3=5,37 MM .
43. PaCqeTHaJI IIIHpHHa 3y6ua cTaTopa:
6 , + 6;, 5,37 + 5,38
6Z1=----Z-= 2 5,375MM,
6n/ = 8,3 MM, 6n/' = 9,6 MM, h nI = 33,6 MM,
a. = 45°,6"'1 = 4,0 MM, h"'1 = 1,3 MM.
. BbICOTa CIIHHKH CTaTOpa
h - Da -D j h - 750-620 33 6
al - 2 nl - 2 ' = 31,4 MM.
45. Cpe,u;HHH ,u;JIHHa BHTKa:
- IIIHpHHa ceKUHH
TI = 1,5n(D j +hnl)y = 1,5 (620+33,6) 3 = 63MM'
2 1 144 '
- ,lI;JIHHa JI060BOH qaCTH
IRI=KRs'TI+ 2 B = 1.7.63 + 38 = 145 MM;
- cpe,u;HHH ,u;JIHHa BHTKa - 0,57 M.
46. COIIpOTHBJIeHHe ljJa3bI npH 20°C
11 = 1 6 W = 0,57.288 - 0 32 OM.
Ix 57 Lqa 57 4,4- 2 '
COIIpOTHBJIeHHe ljJa3bI IIPH HarpY3Ke
ra=rIx' k m = 0,32'1,22=0,39 OM.
II
II
!I
1/ 1
, I
'III
II I !
II
I
I I!,I
II \ I!
1IIIil
npMMep paC'IeTa cr C nOCTOJlHHblMM MarHMTaMM
209
r,u;e
47. Macca 06MOTOqHOrO npoBo,u;a
GMI = m16' W- n' a' Y' 10- 3 = 3 . . 0,57 .288 . 5 . 2 '8,0 '10- 3 = 39,4 Kr.
48. MarHHTHbIH IIOTOK IIPH XOJIOCTOM XO,ll;e
W _ Eo 166 = 2,7 .1O- 3 B6.
00 - 4k,pfW .k CK .ko 4.1,11.50.288.0,955.1
49. MarHHTHbIH nOTOK npH HarpY3Ke
w H = 1,08w,so= 1.08 - 2,7.10- 3 = 2,94 - 10- 3 B6.
50. IfH.u;yKIJ;HH B 3a30pe lIpH XOJIOCTOM xo,u;e
(/J .10 4 2 7 .10' .10 4
B - 60 -' =0,545 TJI.
60 - a,-t'.L, 0,87.4,06.14
51. 3JJ:C XOJIOCTorO XO,ll;a
Eo" = 4ktJ> . w,so' W 'ko 'k CK =
= 4 '1,11 . 2,7 .10- 3 . 50.288. 1,0' 0,955 = 166 B.
52. MarHHTHaH IfH,u;YKIJ;HH B B03,l1;yruHOM 3a30pe IIPH HarpY3Ke
B;;H= 1,08 'B;;o= 1,08' 0,545 =0,588 TJI.
53. MarHHTHaJI HH)J;yKIJ;HH B 3y6uax cTaTopa IIPH HarpY3Ke
. 11 13,5 1 5 5 T
B ZIH =Bm-=O,588 - , 5 JI.
6Z1 . kc 5,375.0,95
54. Y,lI;eJIbHaJI npoBo,u;HMOCTb IIa30BOrO paCCeJlHHH
AnI = ky . h nl + hl(R = 1.33,6 + 3,45 = 2,032,
36 1 6ml 3.9,6 4
6' -6 I 83-4
h =h + nl '" - 13+ =3 45 MM.
l(R "'I 2 ' 2 '
55. Y,lI;eJIhHaH npoBoJ(HMOCTb ,lI;HiP<j:Jepeu-QHaJIbHOrO paCCeHHHJI
o I )
A = p (025+075.ki)= ' 0 (0,25+0,75-1.0,87=0,28.
.lII Ew. +0,8o p " 4+0,8.1.67
56. Y ,u;eJIbHaJI npoBo,u;HMOCTb JI060BOro pacceHHHH
0,34.1(145 - 0,64 .1. 40,6) _
A I = 034 ( / 1 -064k "' ) Ih= 0,29.
R ' R ' y-r 144
57. CYMMapHaH y,u;eJIbHaJI IIpOBO,u;HMOCTb pacceHHHH cTaTopa
ARI = AnI +AOl +ARI = ,032 + 0.28 + 0,29 = 2,602.
58. IfH,lI;YKTHBHoe COIIpOTHBJIeHHe ljJa3bI CTaTopa
W 2
Xa = 47rJ.1.0f -[(Ani + A()J )/ 1 + ARII RI] =
pq
= 4n.4n.IO- 7 .50 288 2 [(2,032+0,28)0,14+0,29.0,145]= 0,9940M.
24.1
59. K03IjJIjJHUHeHT peaKWIH HKOpH IIO IIpO,u;OJIbHOH OCH
II
'I! II
I
210
rnaBa 4. CMHXpoHHble reHepaTopbl
c nOCTOSlHHblMM MarHMTaMM
npMMep paC'IeT8 cr C nOCTOSlHHblMM MarHMTaMM
211
I II
II
_ aplZ" + sin(aplZ") 0,8lZ" + sin(0,8 '180°)
k d - = - 0 815
o 4sin(a ) 4sin(0,8.900) ,
p 2
60. K031jJIjJuUHeHT, yqHTbIBaIOIl{HH HaCbIIl{eHHe ueIIH, k"d= 1,1...1,3
(IIpUHHro k"d = 1,1).
61. K03IjJIjJHUHeHT npOBO)I;HMOCTH IIO npo.u;onbHoH OCH
A =k k AOdAnd =111. 0815 2,84.1,254 - 0789
ad tjJ ad ' , , .
AOd + And 2,84 + 1 ,254
3.u;eCb AM - K031jJljJHUHeHT MarHHTHOH IIpOBO.u;HMOCTH B B03.u;yruHOM 3a30-
pe IIO IIpO,ll;OJIbHOH OCH,
AM = Tll/kl' p= 0,0406'0,14/1,2'0,00167 = 2,84,
r.u;e kl'd - K031jJIjJHUHeHT, yq11TbIBaIOIl{HH HaCbIIl{eHHe MarHHTHOH ueIIH MaIIIHHbI
no npo.u;OJIbHOH OCH, ld= I,L.l,3( npHHHTO kl'd= 1,2);
And - K031jJljJHU H eHT MarnuTHoH IIpOBO,ll;HMOCTH B npo.u;OJIbHOM HaIIpaBJIeHHH,
And = 116",,,6,,,Vh ,, = 1,26'0,032'0.14/0,0045 = 1,254,
r.u;e I1m,'- MarHHTHaJI npOHHl{aeMOCTb B03BpaTa MaTepHaJIa TIM, 11611111 = 1,26.
62. K031jJljJHUHeHT npOBO,ll;HMOCTH IIO nOIIepeqHOH OC11
4,uo 2 4.4.10- 7 2
Xad = -mf(Wk O ) Aad = 3.50(288.1) 0,79 = 0,654 OM.
7fJJ 24
64. IfH,lI;YKT11BHoe COIIpOTHBJIeHHe 06MOTKH CTaTOpa, 06ycnOBJIeHHOe IIO-
TOKOM peaKI HH SlKOpSi IIO IIOIIepeqHOH OCH:
X aq = 4,uO mf(Wk O )2 Aaq = 4. 47l" .10- 7 3. 50(288 .1)2 0 ,0056 = 0,004 OM.
7fJJ 24
65. TIonHoe HH.u;YKTHBHoe COIIpoTHBJIeHHe 06MOTKH CTaTOpa IIO IIpO-
.u;onbHOH OCH
II
I II
I,
,
Xd = Xad+x(1= 0,654 + 0,994 = 1,648 OM.
66. IIOJIHoe HH.u;YKTHBHoe COIIpOTHBJIeHHe 06MOTKH cTaTopa no nOIIe-
peqHOH OCH
II
X q = X aq +X(1 = = 0,004 + 0,994 = 0,998 OM.
67. TIPOBO.u;HMOCTb pacceSlHHH, OIIpeL\enSieMaSi Ha OCHOBe YIIpOllIeHHOH
KapTHHbI IIonH:
A' = (51 hM + 1,6h y f/Jp)IO- 6 =
3.W m !1 max f/J a
II
A = k k A&j . Anq - Ill. 0 104. 2,52. 0,05 = 0 0056
aq tjJ aq A + A ' , 2 52 0 05 ' ,
&j nq ,+,
r.u;e k aq - K031jJljJuUHeHT peaKUHH SlKOpJl IIO IIonepe'lHOH OCH,
= (5.014 0,0045 10 + 16.00045.162)10- 6 = 0 483 .10- 6 ,
, 0,0086' " , ,
r.u;e !1max- MaKCHMaJIbHbIH 3a30p MeJK)J;y IIonIOcaMH,
7rDi 7rO,62
t!.maX=--6 =--0,032 = 0,0086M;
2p _W 48
!1min - MHHHMaJIbHbIH 3a30p Mej[()J;Y IIonIOcaMH,
!1min = !1max = 0,086 M.
TIpH !1max = !1min IIpUHHMaeM 'Po =1,0,
= t!.max [ I t!.min. In t!.max ] .
'Po t!.max-t!.min t!.max-t!.min t!.min'
!I
_ a p -sin(a p I800) + 2/3 cos(a p 90°)
k aq - =
4 sin(a p 90°)
= 0,8-sin(0,8.1800)+2/3cos(0,8.900) - 0104'
4sin(0,8. 90°) , ,
A(jq - K031jJljJHUHeHT MarHHTHOH IIpOBO.u;UMOCTH B03,l1;YIIIHoro 3a30pa no
nOIIepeqHOH OCH,
A(jq= Tlj/kl'q'Op = 0,0406'0,14/1,35.0,00167=2,52;
kpq - K031jJIjJHUHeHT, yqHTbIBaIOIl{HH HaCbIIl{eHHe MarHHTHoH ueIIH IIO IIO-
IIepeqHOH OCH, k"q = 1,3... 1,4 (IIpHHHTO kl'q = 1,35); Anq - K03IjJIjJHl{HeHT Mar-
HHTHOH npoBo.u;HMOCTH IIOJIIOCa B IIOnepeqHOM HanpaBJIeHHH,
Anq = 211611111h "I;wI6M= 2.1,26'0,00045'0,14/0,032 = 0,05.
63. IfH)l;yKTHBHoe COIIpOTHBJIeHHe 06MOTKH cTaTopa, 06ycnOBJIeHHOe no-
TOKOM peaKuHH JlKOpH no npo.u;OJIbHOH OCH:
rp = +ln ( I+ )( ) 2'ln ( !1max ) =
p 2!1max 2 !1max 2 !1max 7l" 6",
= 7l"0,032 + In ( 1 +_ 0,032 )( _ 0,032 ) 21n ( 1 + 0,0086 ) = 16,2.
20,0086 2 0,0086 2 0,0086 0,032
68. TIpOBO.u;HMOCTb paCCeHHUJI MarHHTa
A sM = k n A3M = 0,7.0,483'10- 6 = 0,338'10- 6 ,
h M A 3M
r.u;e k n = f(,); =
P6 1 M 6 M
TIpH 6.max = 6.min k,,;:::: 0,7.
69. K03IjJIjJHUHeHT
2]2
rnaBa 4. CMHXpoHHble reHepaTopbl
C nOCTOJlHHblMM MarHMTaMM
npMMep paC"IeTa cr C nOCTOJlHHblMM MarHMTaMM
213
BllM = WoO +WSllll = 2,7.10- 3 +0,65.10- 3 =O,71TJl.
Bpi p 0,0336.0,14
83. Y.u;eJIbHaH HaIIpSlJKeHHOCTb B TIM AWllM= 220 A/CM.
84. HC B IIOCTOHHHbIX MarnHTaX
Fll M = h"AW llM = 0,45'220 = 99A.
85. MH,lI;YKUHH B CTbIKe MarHHTa
B = woo +WSllll = 2,7.10- 3 +0,65.10- 3 =0 748TJl.
crM I 0 032 . 0 1 4 '
8 M M "
86. IIa,ll;eHHe MJJ:C B CTbIKaX IIOJIIOCa (Ha O,ll;HH IIOJIIOC)
F crAF J,6Bcr,vOcrMI06=1,6'0,748'5'1 0- 5 '1 06=60A,
r.u;e lfcrM- paCqeTHbIH pa3Mep CTbIKOB MarHHTa C MarHHTOIIpOBO)I;HIUeH BryJI-
KOH, lfcrM= 5.IO- S M.
87. IIoToK pacceSlHHSI MarHHTa
w s . u = (O,5FlO + F mdASM = (0,5'1524,35 + 99) 0,338'10- 6 = 0,29'1O- 3 B6.
88. IIoToK MarHHTa Ha J(Ba IIOJIIOCa
WMO = O,5w;;o + Ws..un + Ws..u =
= 2,7'10- 3 + 0,65'10- 3 + 0,29'10- 3 = 3,64.10- 3 B6.
89. MJJ:C MarHHTa Ha ,lI;Ba nOJIIOCa
F MO = FlO + 2FllM + 2FcrM = 1524,35 + 2.99 + 2'60 = 1842,35 A.
90. K03IjJIjJHUHeHT pacceSlHHSI
lfo = w MO = 3,64.10-3 - 1,348.
woo 2,7.10 - 3
91. 3JJ:C XOJIOCTOro xo.u;a
Eoq = 4krp w;;ofWkcKkO = 4'1,11'2,7'10- 3 '50'288'0,955 = 165 B.
92) AKTHBHoe COIIpOT11BJIeH11e npH P = PH
r H = ( U urP ) COSIp = ( 133 ) 0,9 = 4,32 OM.
I A 27,7
93. IfH,lI;YKTHBHoe COIIpOTHBJIeHHe IIPH P = PH
X n = ( U urP ) sin Ip = ( 133 ) 0,436 = 2,09 OM.
In 27,7
94. Tpe6yeMaH 3JJ:C XOJIOCTOro xo.u;a
E OT = IH(X qu . xdu + rad/ )/ Xq / + kad 2 =
=27,7 '(3,088.3,738+4,712)/ 3,08s2 +4,71 2 =166B,
r.u;e rad = ra+ru = 0,39 + 4,32 = 4,71 OM;
X qu = Xq+ Xu = 0,998 + 2,09 = 3,088 OM;
Xdu= Xd + Xu = 1,648 + 2,09 = 3,738 OM.
95. TIeperpY3Ka no roKY k I = 1...3 (IIpHHIIMaeM k I = 3,0).
PaC'IeT H IIocTpoeHHe BHeruHeH xapaKTepHcTHKH:
I',
I
I
II
I:
I:
( 1L B P ) ( 1L 0 0336 )
IpI =I n 1+- =I n 1+- =1,96.
2 mm 2 0,0086
70. K031jJljJHWIeHT
Ip = I ( 1 + 1L B P - B M ) = I ( 1 + 1L 0,0336 - 0,032 ) = 0 256:
2 n 2 min n 2 0,0086 '
71. IIPOBO.u;HMOCTb paCCeJlHHH TIM
Asn = [3 1 M h;wl funin +3, 2h M rpJ +J,6I M rpiJ.JO-6 =
[ 0,14.00045 ]
= 3 0,0 86 +3,2.0,0045.1,96+1,6.0,14.0,25610- 6 =0,516.10- 6 .
72. IIoJIHaSi IIpOBO.u;HMOCTb pacceHHHH
As = ASM + Asn = 0,388'10-6+0,516'10- 6 = 0,854'10- 6 .
73. MJJ:C, He06xo.u;HMaJI .u;JIH npOBe.u;eHHH IIOTOKa qepe3 B03,l1;yruHbrH 3a-
30p:
F;;o=O,8B ;;OOp.J06= O,8'O,545'O,OOJ67'J0 6 =728,JA.
74. PaCqeTHaJI HH)J;yKiIUJI B 3y6uax
II 13,5
B zo = Boo - = 0,545 = 1,44TJl.
BzIkc 5,375.0,95
75. Y.u;eJIbHbIe aMIIep-BHTKH 3y6uOB AW zJ = 9,8 A/CM.
76. HC B 3y6uax Fzl = A WzJlz J= 9,8'3,36 = 32,9 A.
77. PaCqeTHaJI HH,lI;YKUHSI B CIIHHKe
woo 2,710- 3
Ba] = = 0,323TJl.
2/Jha]kc 2.0,14.0,0314.0,95
78. Y.u;eJIbHbIe aMIIep-BHTKH B CIIHHKe A WJ = 0,5 A/CM.
79. HC B cnHHKeFaJ =AWJlaJ = 0,5'4,7 = 2,35 A,
II
1 : 1
I,
I _ 1L(D; +2h nI +h aI ) 1L(620+2.33,6+31,4) =47MM.
aJ - 2p 48
80. CYMMapHaJI HC Ha IIapy IIOJIIOCOB, He06xo,ll;HMaH .u;JISI IIpoBe.u;eHHH
IIOTOKa qepe3 MarHHTHYIO uellb
FlO = 2F;;o+2FzJ+FaJ = 2'728,1+2'32,9+2,35 = 1524,35 A.
81. MarHHTHbIH IIOTOK paCCeJIHHH Qepe3 IIM
wsnM=O,5F lO .its = 0,5'1524,35'0,854'10- 6 = 0,6510. 3 B6.
82. IfH,lI;YKuHH paCCeJlHHH qepe3 IIM
r.u;e
I
I,
214
rnaaa 4. CMHXpoHHble reHepaTopbl
C nOCTOJlHHblMM MarHMTaMM
npMMep pac"IeTa cr C nOCTOJlHHblMM MarHMTaMM
215
II
4,0
3,5
3,0
- <1>00
<1>01
<1>0
<1>o
I
2
II,
PHC. 4.28. 3HepreTH'IeCKaH xapaKTe-
pHcTHKa MarHHTOB
II'
IJ
1
_ 0,998-0,39.0,484 = 0212
3) q3 - ( ) , .
29,3 122,2 -0,994+0,39-0,484
775
<:Da30BbIH yroJI Mej[()J;y TOKOM H 3JJ:C
[ t gtp (l+ q j ) tg2tp (l+q;)2 ]
\III =arctg 2 + 4 +qj :
1) - [ 0,484(1 + 0,0705) 0,484 2 (1 + 0,0705)2 0 0705] = 0 63
\II I -arctg + + , "
2 4
I.f.II = 32,2°, sin I.f.II = 0,533;
2) - [ 0,484(1+0,1144) 0,4842(1+0,1144)2 01144] - 0703
\112- arct g + + , -"
2 4
1.f.12 = 35°, sinl.f.l2= 0,574;
3) - [ 0,484(1+0,212) 0,4842(1+0,212l 0 212] = 0839
\113 -arctg + + , "
2 4
1.f.13 = 40,3°, sinl.f.l3 = 0,647.
BeJIHqHHa TOKa npH K.3.
I k = adk 2700 = 99A
S'SIntpk 29,3.0,931 '
x 0,998
r.u;e 'PI( = arctg---.!L = arctg- = 2,559,
ra 0,39 120
'PI( = 68,6 0 , sin 'PI( = 0,931.
TOKH BHeIIIHeH xapaKTepHcTHKH:
1) I - 350 22 4 A
1 - 29,3.0,533 ' ;
2) I = 350 - 29 7 A-
2 293-0547 ' ,
, ,
3) I = 350 - 408A.
3 293.0647 '
, ,
1,5
1,0
0.5
r.u;e
( W ) ( 288 ) sintp 0,436
S=mk o - kad =3 - 0,815 = 29,3 tgtp =-=-=0,484.
P 24 cos tp 0,9
(/) = Br6 "(,, = 1,15-0,032'0,14 = 5,15-1O- 3 B6;
F[ = 2h" He = 2-0,0045'400'10 3 = 3600 A.
TOqKa M .u;JIJI K.3.
Fk = 0,75 Fe = 0,75'3600 = 2700 A.
T OqKa N .u;JIH (/)00 = 2,7,10- 3 B6, KO-
5,0 TOpOH COOTBeTcTByeT Eog = 165 B.
Ha IIpHMOH NM HaxO.u;HM:
4,5 1) (/);jJ = 2,4'1 0-3 B 6; F I = 1475 A;
F 6I = 1125 A; FadI = 350 A.
2) (/)02= 2,2'1O- 3 B6; F2 = 1550 A;
F 6 2 = 1050 A; F a d2 = 500 A.
3) (/)03 = 2,0 _10. 3 B6; F3 = 1725 A;
F63 = 950 A; Fad3 = 775 A.
3HaqeHHH 3JJ:C
Ej = Eo ( (/)Ol ) :
(/)00
1) E = 165 ( 2,4.1O- 3 ) =146,7B;
1 2,7.10- 3
2) E 2 = 134,4B; 3) E3 = 22,2B.
BeJIH'-IHHa TOKa npE HarpY3Ke
[, = Fadi
IS. sin (fJi '
IIOnpaBOqHbIH K03IjJIjJHUHeHT
X q -r a .tgtp
qj =
S Ej I Fadj - Xu + ka tgtp
_ 0,998 - 0,39 . 0,484 _ 0 070 5'
1) q) - ( ) , ,
29,3 146, 7 - 0,994 + 0,39 . 0,484
350
_ 0,998 - 0,39.0,484 _ 0 1144'
2)q2 - 29,3 ( 134,4 ) -0,994+0,39.0,484 ' ,
500
III,
1.1
[I
OnpeAeJIeHHe Kn.n.
VB
0--- r
- /
-.::::::: --
.Qm,[t/ b..
I
160
)40
100
80
60
40
20
o
30
35 A
10
15
25
20
PHC. 4.29. BHelIIHHH xapaKTepHcTHKa
reHepaTopa CmM-IO
1. IIoTepH B Me.u;H
"I = m imp ra = 3 '27,7 2 .0,39 = 897,7 BT.
2. Macca CIIHHKH CTaTopa
I: I
III
216
rnaBa 4. CMHXpoHHble reHepaTopbl
C nOCTOJlHHblMM MarHMTaMM
npMMepbl McnOnHeHMJI M npMMeHeHMJI cr
C nOCTOJlHHblMM MarHMTaMM B B3Y
217
4.8. llpHMepbl HCnOJIHeHHH H npHMeHeHHH cr
c nOCTOHHHblMH MarHHTaMH B B3Y
4.8.1. cr THna rCMII132-MBI8 HOBOKaxoBcKoro
3M3 «IO)K3JIeKTpoMaIll»
He60nbIIIaH napTHH 3THX reHepaTopoB BbIIIonHeHa Ha OCHOBe cTaTopa
aCHHxpoHHoro ,u;BHraTenJl AI1P132 [113]. OHH HMeIOT Cne,ll;YIOllIHe ,lI;aHHble.
reOMeTpHJI cTaTopa: ,lI;HaMeTpbI Da = 291MM; D i = 132MM; ,u;nHHa L i =
=175 MM; qHCJIO na30B Z1 = 54. POTOp: ,lI;HaMeTp Dp = 131,3 MM; Lp = 176 MM;
,lI;HaMeTp Bana d. = 38MM; paccToHHHe Mej[()J;Y nO,ll;IIIHnHHKaMH - 253 MM.
06MOTKa CTaTopa HMeeT: WtJ> = 252 (9 KaTYllieK IIO 28 BHTKOB, 06MOTOQ-
HbIH rrpOBO,ll; d/d u3 = 1,18/1 ,25 MM); q 1 = 1; 2p = 18; Knacc 1130JIJlUHH B.
Pe3YJIbTaTbI CTeH,u;OBbIX HcnbITaHHH 3Toro reHepaTopa npe,ll;CTaBJIeHbI Ha
p11c. 4.30 H 4.31, 1jJ0pMa KpHBOH HaIIpHJKeHHH npH xonOCTOM XO,ll;e H npH Ha-
rpY3Ke - Ha pHC. 4.32.
Gal = 1C (Da-hal) h al LikcYFe .10- 3 =
(62 - 3,14) 3,14'14'0,95'7,8'10. 3 = 57,2 KI'.
3. Macca 3y6UOB CTaTopa
GZ] = Zl6Z1 h ZI L i kc YFe .J(y3= 1440,53753,36140,957,810- 3 = 26,9 K1'.
4. IIoTepH B cnHHKe Pal = PlOB2alGai = 3,30,323 2 57,2 = 19,6 BT.
5. IIOTepH B 3y6uax Pzl = P lO B zl 2 Gzi = 3,31,44 2 26,9 = 184 BT.
6. IIOTepH B CTaJIH PFE = Pal + Pzl = 19,6 + 184 = 203,6 BT.
7 CYMMapHbIe nOTepH l:P = P MI + PFE = 897,7+203,6 = 1101,3 BT.
8. KTIJJ:
i I
IIli
I'll!
P 10 4
1]- ( p " ) 100= ( 4 ) 100=90%.
+ L..P 10 + 1101,3
Ta6JI11ua 4.3
II!
If I I
I
I
II'
II
Pe3VJILTaTbI UCnLlTaHHH CrnM 10-48
UmB U cnm , B I,A S,KBA P,KBT COSqJ
290 168 0 0 0 0
279 162 3,9 1895 1024 0,54
276 160,3 5,7 2741 2082 0,76
274 158,0 7,8 3677 344 0,85
264 152,7 12,7 5818 5040 0,866
254 146,7 17,9 7878 7140 0,906
282 163,7 7,4 3634 3618 0,996
276 162 14,8 7193 6930 0,963
IIpHBe,ll;eHHaH K COSqJ = 0,9 BHeIIIWIH xapaKTep11CTHKa
290 168 0 0 0 0
279 162 2,34 1137 1023,3 0,9
276 160,3 4,01 2314,6 2083 0,9
274 158 7,37 3492 3142 0,9
264 152,7 12,22 5600 5038 0,9
254 146,7 18 7930,5 7137,5 0,9
230 133 27,84 11111 10000 0,9
211 122 37 13542 12188 0,9
XaDaKTeDHCTHKa XOJIOCTOrO XO,ll;a
n, 06/MHH f,rIJ; UaB UBC Ucd .to. U%
100 40 229 230 229 0,3
115 46 264 264 263 0,3
125 50 288 287,8 28,7 0,2
135 54 310 310,2 309,6 0,1
150 60 343 344,5 343,6 0,2
o
KaK B11,l1;HO, 3TH XapaK-
TepHCTHKH HMeIOT THnHqHbIH
BH,u; )l;JIH MarHHT03JIeKTpHqe-
CKHX reHepaTOpOB 6e3 pery-
JIHpOBaHHH MarHHTHOrO no-
TOKa - MOllIHOCTb, 3HaqeHHe
H qaCTOTa BbIXO,u;HOrO Ha-
npJlJKeH11H IIpOIIopU110HanbHbI
qaCTOTe BpallIeHHH.
Ha pOTope THIIa «3Be3-
,u;OqKa» YCTaHOBneHbI nOCTO-
JlHHbIe MarnHTbI Ha OCHOBe
CnJIaBa Nd-Fe-B IjJHpMbI
«3KcnOMar» BepXHe,ll;Hen-
pOBCKOro rHnn «[(HPKO-
HHH», HMeIOllIHe cne,u;YIOllIHe
3HepreTHqeCKHe nOKa3aTeJIH:
- OCTaTOqHaH HH)J;yKWIH
PUC. 4.30. XapaKTepu-
CTUKa XOJJOCTOrO XOJl.a
rCMn132:
1 - 6 XOJlOOIIOJlol cocmoR-
IIUU; 2 - 6 IIUi'pemoJlol co-
cmORllUU (60°c)
300
200
I
III
II!
IIII
II I
100
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 06/MI1H
U J P D
B A I;:BT :-'0
250 5 -,-.5
70
60
500 JO -.() 50
40
30
20
10
PUC. 4.31. Pa6o'me xapaKTepucTuKU rCMn
Br = 0,7 -,1,0 TJI;
III'
I I I I I '
:1'
Ii
II
II
I'
I
1 II I
I! II
I
I
\
II'
11"
, I
III
II
1'1
'I
qll
II
'I
,[
IIH
I
\I! II '
Ii! I
'I :1
IIII
I\!JI
upalL\aIOllIHXCH B npOTHBonOJIOJKHbIX HaIIpaBJIeHHHX, Kaj[()J;aH 113 KOTOpbIX MO-
I.ICT 6bITb npHHJlTa KaK pa60qaH.
HanpHMep, Ha pHC. 4.33 IIO-
IIa3aHa IIpHHUHnHaJIbHaH cxeMa cr,
IIMCIOllIero Ha pOTOpe 2p = 16 IIO-
JIl0COB, a 'IHCJIO IIa30B Ha cTarope Z/
_ I 8, B KOTopbIe YJIOJKeHO 18 KaTY-
IIiCK (mecTb Ha ljJa3Y). qHCJIO na30B
11.1 nOJIIOC H ljJa3Y COCTaBJIHeT q =
3/8. C03,l1;aBaeMbIe 3TOH 06MOTKOH
I ilpMOHHKH H HX OTHOCHTeJIbHbIe
M}1C COCTaBJIHIOT: .u;JIH v = 4 F*4 =
- 0,957; .u;JIH v = 5 F*s = 0,766 (F*l1
- F l1 J F K ) [129].
MHOrOnOJIIOCHbIH pOTOp Ta-
KI1X cr BbIIIOJIHHeTCH C TaHreHUH-
lIJ1bHbIM pacnOJIOJKeHHeM MarnHTOB
(I<OJIJIeKTOpHoro THna), qTO n03BO-
JUICT YCHllHTb KOHueHTpaUHIO Mar-
mrmoro nOTOKa B 3a30pe H HCnOJIb-
IOl!aTb 60JIee ,lI;emeBble nOCTOHHHbIe
MarHHTbI (ljJeppHT-CTpOHUHH).
B Ta6JI. 4.4 npHBe,ll;eHbI Tex- PHC. 4.33. IIpHHlI Hn l1oCTpoeHHH MHOro-
I 1U'leCK11e xapaKTepHcTHKH TaKHX 110JIlOCHOro CrnM C lIpo6HLIM q
( . r, CneUHaJIbHO pa3pa60TaHHbIe
JIJISI np11MeHeHHH B 6e3pe.u;YKTopHbIX B3Y [129], a TaKJKe ,lI;HaMeTpbI BeTpoKo-
JlCC. KaK OTMeqeHO B pa60Te [129], cr Br - 0,2 H Br - 2 BbmycKaIOTcR ce-
pI1HIIO.
218
npMMepbl McnOnHeHMJI M npMMeHeHMJI cr
c nOCTOJlHHblMM MarHMTaMM B B3Y
rnaBa 4. CMHXpoHHble reHepaTopbl
c nOCTOJlHHblMM MarHMTaM i'I
HC6 = 570 - 720 KNM;
H CM =800-1200 KNM;
- K03pUHTHBHaH CHJIa
- BHYTpeHHHH K03PUHTHBHaH CHJIa
- MaKCHMaJIbHOe 3HepreTHqeCKOe
npOH3Be,ll;eHHe {BrHJM = 160-192 TJI KA/M;
- TeMnepaTypa TOqKH KIOpH T K = 320 - 360°C.
Pa3MepbI MarHHTOB: hI< = 12 MM; 8 M = 21/16 MM; r.. = 58 MM.
Cep.u;e'lHHK pOTopa Ha6paH IIO 06b1qHOH TeXHOJIOrHH H3 OT,lI;eJIbHbIX JIHC-
TOB 3JIeKTpOTeXHHqeCKOH CTaJIH C na3aMH CIIeUHaJIbHOH 1jJ0pMbI .u;JIH pa3MellIC-
HHH H 3aKpeIIJIeHHH B -HHX MarHHTOB. CeBepHbIH nOJIIOC MarnHTHOH C11CTeMbl
pOTopa 06pa30BaH TpeMH MarHHTaM11, paCIIOJIOJKeHHbIM11 B.u;OJIb OCH BnJIOTHYIO
,lI;pyr K ,lI;pyry, IOJKHbIH nOJIIOC - 3y6UOM pOTopa. qHCJIO nap nOJIIOCOB pOTopa
p = 9. 06Il{HH 06'beM MarHHTOB - 348 CM 3 , HX Macca - 2 Kr 376 1'. TIo,ll;mHnH11-
KOBbIe llIHTbI cepHHHbIe - qyrYHHbIe JIHTbIe, BaJI pOTopa H3rOTOBJIeH H3 HeMar-
HHTHOH HepJKaBeIOllIeH CTaJIH.
Urn
Urn
o
a
6
PHC. 4.32. KpHBLle H3MeHeHHH H8I1pH"'eHHH rCMII:
U - xOJlocmoii xoo; (j - nu;:pY3KU
HOMHHaJIbHbIe .u;aHHble reHepaTopa:
PH = 4000 BT; UtjJH = 230 B; ItjJ = 7,23 A;J,. = 112,5 ru; n H = 750 06/M11H;
7J = 75%; cos tp = 1,0; TeMnepaTypa YCTaHOBHBIllerOCH HarpeBa B 3TOM peJKH-
Me COCTaBJIHeT 69° C.
reHepaTop IIJIaHHpyeTcH .u;JIH YCTaHoBKH B B3Y cepHH «BeTp03H», onH-
CaHHOH B rJI. 3, H pa60TbI COBMeCTHO C HHBepTOpoM H AE.
4.8.2. B03MomHoCTH ynporn:eHHH KOHCTpYKU:HH HH3KOo6opOTHblX
cr C nOCTOHHHblMH MarHHTIlMH
219
Ct
C2
C3
C4
Cs
C6
Ta6JIHua 4.4
THII reHepaTopa
IIapaMeTpbI Br-0,2 Br -0,5 Br-l,O Br -2,0 Br-5,O Br-1O
P naC'I, KBT 0,1 0,5 1,0 2,0 5,0 10,0
1I / ,,,c" , 06/MHH 750 350 300 200 136 90
p"WX , KBT 0,2 1,0 2,5 6,0 10,.0 20,0
11""1< , 06/MHH 1500 1000 800 600 400 200
Vn"B 20 40 130 70 100 260
1, ru 0-200 0-130 0-130 0-150 0-150 0-11 0
I", A 5,5 6,6 4,2 12,0 25,0 15,0
IV" % 50 52 60 38 30 18
I., A 13 11 7,0 15 38 25 j
73 75 80 85 88 92 I
1/
KaK OTMeqaJIOCb Bblme, B3Y MaJIOH MOllIHOCTH, pa60TaIOllIHe B aBTO-
HOMHOM peJK11Me, IIpH06peTaIOT 3Haq11TeJIbHbIe IIpeHMYllIeCTBa B CT011MOCTHbIX
H 3KCnJIyaTaUHoHHbIX nOKa3aTeJIHX IIPH YCTaHoBKe B HHX HH3KOCKOpOCTHbIX
MHOrOIIOJIIOCHbIX cr C nocroRHHbIMH MarHHTaMH, CKOpOCTb BpallIeHHH KOTO-
pbIX cTporo COrJIaCOBaHa co CKOpOCTbIO BpalL\eHHH BeTpOKOJIeca. B pa60Te
[129] onHcaHbI CrTIM MOllIHOCTbIO 0,2 - 10 KBT .u;JIH 6e3pe.u;YKTOpHbIX B3Y, II
KOTOpbIX IIpHMeHeHbI ,lI;p06HbIe O,ll;H03y6uoBbIe 06MOTKH cTaTopa C q < 1 (1/2;
_ 2/5; 3/8 H T.,lI;.). TaKHe 06MOTKH, KaK H3BeCTHO, C03.u;alOT .u;Be rapMOH11K11 M)J.C,
1 1
I
I
220
rnaBa 4. CMHXpoHHble reHeparopbl
C nOCTOJlHHblMM MarHMTaMM
npMMepbl McnOnHeHMJI M npMMeHeHMJI cr
C nOCTOJlHHblMM MarHMTaMM B B3Y
OKOHqaHHe Ta6JI. 4.4
HanpaBJIeHHe BpallIeHHH
qHCJIO (.u;JIHHa) JIOIIaCTeH
OMeTaeMaH IIJIOllIa.u;b
TIPOIjJHJIb
MaTepHaJI JIOnaCTH
PaCqeTHaH CKOpOCTb BpaIl(eH11Jl
Yron aTaKH JIOIIaCTH
YroJI CXO)I;HMOCTH
3JIeKTporeHepaTop
HaIIpJlJKeHHe
CHcTeMa 3aIl(HTbI
YIIpaBJIeHHe pbIcKaHHeM
BCCrOJIOBKH
[(eHa
22]
KOHCTpYKTHBHaH cxeMa B3Y IIOKa3aHa Ha pHC. 4.34, MOIl{HOCTHaJI xa-
paKTepHCTHKa - Ha pHC. 4.35, a 06IT(HH BH,u; B3Y - Ha p c. 4.36. _
H113K0060pOTHbIH reHeparop HMeeT BHyTpeHHHH HeIIo.u;BHJKHbIH CTaTOp
H HapYJKHbIH BpaIl(aIOIT(HHCH pOTOp C IIOCTOHHHbIMH MarHHTaMH. floIIacTH JKe-
CTKO 3aKpeIIJIeHbI Ha IIepe,ll;HeM .u;HcKe pOTopa.
TIapaMeTpbI THII reHenaTopa
Br-0,2 Br -0,5 Br-l,O Br-2,0 Br-5,0 Br-1O
m 3 3 3 3 3 3
2v 16 16 20 30 42 66
Dr,MM 140 250 360 470 600 1000
Lr ,MM 100 130 150 170 200 250
M ,Kr 6,0 24 40 120 220 290
D SK ,M 1,5 3,0 4,0 4,8 8,0 12,0
VB , Mlc 8,0 8,0 8,0 8,0 8,0 8,0
II
,11111
I
JJ:nH cTa6HJIll3aUHH HanpHJKeHHH H qaCTOTbI HCIIOJIb3yeTcH CneuHaJIbHbIH
peryJIHTOp aKTHBHOH MOllIHOCTH.
4.8.3. B3Y «Fortis Alizc» MaJIOH MOIUHOCTU C HH3Koo6opOTHLlM cr
C nOCTO'HHHLlMU MarHHTaMU
3Ta B3Y (Johan Kuikman [156]) OTJIHqaeTCH .u;OCTaTOqHO IIpOCTOH KOH-
CTpYKUHeH, BbICOKOH Ha,ll;eJKHOCTbIO H 31jJljJeKTHBHOCTbIO HCIIOJIb30BaHHH.
TeXHHqeCKHe .u;aHHble B3Y
HOMHHaJIbHaJI MOlUHOCTb
MOIl{HOCTb npH CKOpOCTH BeTpa lOM/c
JJ:naMeTp BeTpoKOJIeCa
BbIcoTa MaqTbI
BeTpOKOJIeCO
r
10000 BT
6600 BT
7,OM
18 - 36 M
C IjJHKCHpOBaHHbIM marOM,
HaBeTpeHHoe
IIO qaCOBOH CTpeJIKe
3 (3,3) M
38,5 M 2
NLF416
]]
Puc. 4.34. KOUCTPYKTuBuaH cxeMa B3Y Fortis Alize:
1 - o6meKame.nl>; 2 - Jlonacml>; 3 - i'enepamop; 4 - My,pma; 5 - necyU{uii 6Wl; 6 -
_ onopno-no6opomnoe ycmpoiicm6o; 7 - mpoc a6apuiinoi'0 ocman06a; 8 -
oeMn,pep; 9 - OCI> MexanU3.Ma C6epml>16anUR; 10 - 6Wl!,a X60cm06UKa; 11 -
x60cm060ii cma6W/u3amop; 12 - mOKOC'l>eMnOe ycmpoucm60; 13 - onopa zo-
Jl06KU; 14 - 6awnR; 15 - Jle6eOKa pY'lnoi'o C6epml>16anUR
CTeKJIOBOJIOKHO, YCHJIeHHbIH
IIOJIH3IjJHp, 3IIOKCH,lI;HaH CMOJIa
25 - 300 06/M11H
10°
0, IjJHKcHpoBaHHbIH mar
06pallIeHHbIH
C IIOCTOHHHbIMH MarnHTaMH
1 x 230 B HJI113 x 400 B
3KJIHIITHqecKaJI YBO,ll;OM JIOnaCTeH
Ha mapHHpe IIPH nOBopOTe XBOCTO-
BOH qaCTH H K.3. reHepaTopa
XBOCTOBbIM cTa6HJIH3aTOpoM
540 Kr
$ 23310
reHepaTOp coe)I;HHeH KBT p
JKeCTKOH MyljJTOH C maBHoH ] 0
HecYIl(ei1 OCbIO, KOTOpaJI, B
CBOIO Oqepe.u;b, coe)I;HHeHa C 8
onopHo-IIOBOpOTHbIM Y3JIOM 6
(OTIY), 06eCIIeqHBaIOllIHM
cB060,ll;HOe BpaIl(eHHe rOJIOBKH 4
B3Y. 2
B HH)KHeH qaCTH OIIY
Ha ollope pa3Meru;aeTcH TOKO-
C'beMHOe YCTpOi1CTBO. XBOCTO-
BaH 6aJIKa C 3aKpeIIJIeHHOH Ha
HeH JIOIIaCThIO COe)I;HHeHa C
rJIaBHOH OCbIO C B03MOJKHO-
CThIO ee caMonpOH3BOJIbHOrO HJIH npHHY)l;HTeJIbHOrO nOBopoTa OTHOCHTeJIbHO
o
1,1
II!I
I
!:
,,1111
[II
III,
II)
IIII
v
10
15
20
25 M/C
Puc. 4.35. MOIltUOCTU8H Xap8KTepUCTUK8 B3Y
Fortis Alize
222
rnaBa 4. CMHXpoHHble reHepaTopbl
c nOCTOJlHHblMM MarHMTaMM
npMMepbl McnOnHeHMJI M npMMeHeHMJI cr
c nOCTOJlHHblMM MarHMTaMM B B3Y
223
HH'IeHHOM 061>eMe.
IIpH BOCCTaHOBJIeHHH HOpMaJIbHOH CKOpOCTH BeTpa aBTOCBOpaqHBaIOliiaH
CHCTeMa nJIaBHO IIPHBO,u;HT BeTpOKOJIeCO K BeTpy. TIJIaBHOCTb (B Te'IeHHe
5 - 10 c) pa3BOpaqHBaHHH XBOCTOBHKa 06eCIIeqHBaeTCH rH,lI;paBJI11qeCKHM
,u;eMIIljJepoM.
Ha pHC. 4.37 IIOKa3aHa 3JIeKTpHqeCKaH cxeMa B3Y.
IIoCKOJIbKY reHepaTop C nOCTO-
HHHbIM11 MarHHTaMH BbIpa6aTbIBaeT
3JIeKTp03HeprHIO C H3MeHHIOIl{HMHCH
qaCTOTOH H HanpHJKeHHeM, TO ,u;JIH ee
IIpe06pa30BaHHH HCIIOJIb3yeTCJI 6JIOK
perYJIHpOBaHHH H yrrpaBJIeHHH VCS-
10, KOTOpbIH npe06pa3yeT IIepeMeH-
HbIH TOK B nOCTOJlHHbIH )!;JIR 3apH,u;KH
AE C HanpHJKeHHeM 120 8 H IIOJIyqe-
HHH O,u;HO- HJIH TpexljJa3Horo HarrpJl-
JKeHHJI qacroTOH 50 ru.
B pa60Te [157] OTMeqaeTCH, qTO B3Y FORTIS ALIZE He Tpe6YeT CHC-
TeMaTHqeCKOrO 06CJIYJKHBaHHH, T.K. He HMeeT pe,u;YKTOpa H ruTYUepOB ,u;JIJI IIO-
rrOJIHeHHJI CMa3KH, a Bce rro,u;lliHIIHHKH paCCqUTaHbI Ha ,lI;JIUTeJIbHYIO pa60TY.
II
I
II
"I I::\
,II
"III
III,
III
11111 ,
:1
I '(1111 ..
...
IIiIiI
<
i, '
. .
":
.,
Puc. 4.36. OOI1\U" BUll B3Y Fortis
Alize
e
----1:ti- 3<jJ i!i
p
.1. 1.1
I I .-----..,
I 10________
L_________J
I
III
11111.
PUC. 4.37. 3JJeKTpU'IecK8a cxeM8 B3Y
Fortis Alize
BepTHKaJIbHOH OCH. IIycKoBaH CKOpOCTb
BeTpa COCTaBJIJIeT 3,1- 4 M/C, HaqaJIO BbI-
,lI;aqH 3HeprHH - 3,5 M/C. KaK BH,u;HO, HO-
MHHaJIbHaH MOIl{HOCTb B3Y 10 KBT ,lI;OC-
THraeTCH IIPH CKOpOCTHX BeTpa
11 - 15M/C. IIp11 CKOpOCT11 BeTpa 60JIee
15 - 16M/C MOrn:HOCTb pe3Ko CHHJKaeTCJI,
'ITO ,lI;OCTHraeTCH caMOnp0113BOJIbHbIM
«cBOpaqHBaHHeM» B3Y.
IIp11 3TOM no,u; ,u;eHcTBHeM BeTpa
XBOCTOBHK pa3BOpaqHBaeTCH IIO HanpaB-
JIeHHIO K JIOIIaCTHM 11 onHpaeTCJI Ha 01'-
paHHqHTeJIb, paCIIOJIOJKeHHbIH Ha rJIaB-
HOH OCH, a BeTpOKOJIeCO YBO,ll;HTCH H3-
IIO,u; BeTpa H CKOpOCTb ero BpallIeHHH 01'-
paHHqHBacrcH ,u;aJKe npH C11JIbHbIX BeT-
pax.
3TOT IIpouecc HaXO)l;I1T oTpa)l(e-
HHe Ha MOllIHOCTHOH xapaKTepHCTHKe.
KaK BH,u;HO, B paCCMaTpHBaeMbIX YCJIOB11-
JlX 83Y He OCTaHaBJIHBaeTCH IIOJIHOCTbIO,
IIpo,u;OJIJKaH BbIpa60TKY 3HeprHH B orpa-
O,ll;HaKO B HCKJIIOqHTeJIbHbIX CJIyqaHX (IIpH nOHBJIeHHH qpe3MepHOH BH6paUHH,
06JIe,ll;eHeH1111, npH yparaHax, a TaKJKe npH HeHcnpaBHOCTHX CHCTeMbI aBTOCBO-
paq11BaHHH) 83Y MOJKeT 6bITb CBepHYTa BpyqHYIO HaTHJKeHHeM Tpoca OCTa-
HOBKH C IIOMOllIbIO JIe6e,ll;KH, 3aKpenJIeHHOH y OCHOBaHHH 6aIIIHH. TIOJIHOe 3a-
TOpMaJKHBaH11e BeTpOKOJIeCa B03MOJKHO IIYTeM 3aKOpaqHBaHHH BbIBO,u;OB reHe-
paTopa.
4.8.4. TeXHH'IeCKUe .lI:aHHble OT.lI:eJIbHblX B3Y MaJIOH MOIUHOCTH
(repMaHuH) C CHHXpOHHbIMH reHepaTopaMH
C nOCTOHHHbIMH MarHUTaMU [158]
THII11qHbIe ,u;JIH B3Y xapaKTepHcTHKH BeTpOKOJIeCa (BK), reHepaTopa,
CKopocTeH BeTpa, reoMeTp11qeCK11e pa3MepbI, Macca H CTOHMOCTb rrpHBe,u;eHbI
HHJKe B Ta6JI.4.5.
Ta6JIHua 45
AI>
N!:! TIapaMeTp THII B3Y
n/II Atlan- Krame W+W S0500 Whis- W+W EWS
tis WB rK- 3000 per 8/7 8,5/10
20 1000 4500
1 JJ:HaMeTp BK, 2,0 3,0 5,12 5,25 4,5 7,0 8,5
M
2 OMeTaeMaH
nJIOllIa,ll;b, 3,14 7,07 20,6 21,6 15,9 38,5 56,7
3 CJIO JIOIIa-
cTeH 4 2 3 3 3 3 3
4 CKOpOCTb Bpa- 100-
llIeHHH, 600 200- 90-280 JJ:0300 450 280 0-140
06/MIfH 530
reHepaTop:
5 CKOpOCTb pa- JJ:0 200- 90-280 1500 450 100- 0-130
rn:eH11H,M/C 1000 530 280
6 qHCJIO nOJIIO-
COB 12,0 - - 6,0 - - 48,0
7 HOMHHaJIbHaH
MOrn:HOCTb,
KBT 0,6 1,0 3,0 4,0 4,5 8,0 10,0
8 HaIIpHJKeHHe, 24 230 90-280 24/48 24/48 48-
B 1001200 60/240 400 230/
400
p
1111 j
1 :111 111
III
111'1
III
1'1
I, II,
224
rnaBa 4. CMHXpoHHble reHepaTopbl
C nOCTOJlHHblMM MarHMTaMM
OK
6 45
No TIapaMeTp OHqaHHe Ta JI.
THII B3Y
nlII Atlan- Krame W+W SG500 Whis- W+W EWS
tis WB rK- 3000 per 8/7 8,5/10
20 1000 4500
CI<OpOCTb
BeTpa, wc:
9 BKJIIOqeHHH 3,0 2,5 2,5 2,5 3,0 3,0 2,8
10 HOMUHaJIbHaJl 10,0 10,0 12,0 12,0 11,0 12,0 10,0
11 -npe.ll:enbHO
.u;onYCTHMaJI 60,0 60,0 62,0 55,0 55,0 54,0 55,0
12 BbIcoTa .u;o 11,5- 12/18 12/16 18/24 18-24
-
OCH BK, M -20,8 10
13 Macca BK, Kr 1,35 10,4 24 30 19,8 48 69
14 Macca rOJIOB-
KH,Kr 34 27 210 220 64 400 550
15 CTOHMOCTb 1
(6e3 MaqTbI), 3900 5850 15873 16078 12450 - 48500
DM
16 CTOHMOCTb 3320- - - -
- -
MaqTbI, DM 11,5M 10000
6145-
20,5M
16 CpOK rapaH-
THH, JIeT 1,0 4,0 0,5/2,0 1,0 1,0 5,0 2,0
.
,II!III
::11 1 11
Ii
1I11 I1
;1 1111
11 1111 '11
1111111
I
1
'I!I!I!
GS500 M - C MYJIbTHIIJIHKaTOpoM, I = 1 :6.
B pa60Te [157] npHBe.u;eHbI TaKJKe .u;aH-
HbIe B3Y T11IIa Spiralfluger SF1, HMeIOllIeH
BeTpOKOJIeCO B BH,u;e CIIHpaJIH (pHC. 4.38). Ero
)l;HaMeTp - 1,03 M, qHCnO JIOIIaCTeH - 2 OMe-
TaeMaH IIJIOIl(a.u;b - 0,83 , CKOpOCTb pallIe-
HHH - 100 - 3000 06/MHH, Macca - 5,4 K1'.
Ee3pe)J;yKTopHbIH reHepaTOp CIIeuHaJIbHbIH C
IIOCTOHHHbIMH MarHHTaMH MOllIHOCTbIO
3,5 KBT paCCqHTaH Ha qacTory BpaIl{eHHH 100-
3000 06/MHH, Macca roJIOBKH 6e3 BK - 12 Kr.
Macca TpexMeTpoBoH MaqTbI - 10 K1'. JJ:aHHaH
KOHCTPYKIJ;HH B3Y 3aCJIYJKHBaeT .u;eTaJIbHOrO
H3yqeHHH KaK C TOqKH 3pem1H a3po.u;HHaMHqe-
CKIIX xapaKTeplicTIIK, TaK Ii pe =UMOB pa60TbI
CrTIM IIoBbIllieHHoH qaCTOTbI npH lliHpOKOM
.u;Hana30He H3MeHeHHH qaCTOTbI BpaIl{eHHH.
III
II
; IIII
hi
1111
'1111i
II
II
Puc. 4.38. 83Y Tuna Spi-
raifluger SFl(repMaHuH)
,
I : i,l
, I
"111
LIII
()
npMMepbl MCnOI1HeHMJI M npMMeHeHMJI cr
c nOCTOJlHHblMM MarHMTaMM B B3Y
225
KOHTpOJlbHbIC BonpocbI
1. KaKHe MaTepHaJIbI OTHOCJlTCH K IIOCTOJlHHbIM MarHHTaM?
2. Ha30BHTe MarHUTHbIe IIapaMeTpa MarHUTa.
3. KaK11e MarHHTOTBep.u;ble MaTep11aJIbI 06JIa,ll;aIOT Ha11JIyqIIIHM11 xapaKTepH-
THKaMH .u;JIH H3rOTOBJIeHHH IIOCTOHHHbIX MarHHToB?
4. KaK HallTH HaIIpaBJIeHHe JIHHHH B03BpaTa?
5. KaK onpe,ll;eJIHTb IIOJIOJKeHHe pa60qeH TOqKH B P<:D-Koop.u;HHaTax npH pa-
60Te nOCTOHHHoro MarHHTa C BHelliHeH ueIIbIO?
6. 06'bHCHHTe pa60ry MarHHTa Ha BHelliHIOIO MarHHTHYIO uellb.
7. KaK orrpe,ll;eJIHTb TO'IKY OTXo.u;a npJlMOH B03BpaTa?
8. JJ:JIH qero MarHHTbI cTa6HJIH3HPyIOT?
9. qTo TaKOe npHBe,ll;eHHaH npoBO,ll;HMOCTb paCCeJlHHH MarHHTa?
10. I1306pa3HTe cxeMY 3aMellIeHHH MarHHTHOH ueIIH, co.u;epJKallIeH MarHHT.
11. KaKHMH ,lI;OCTOHHCTBaMH H He.u;OCTaTKaMH 06na,ll;aIOT MarHUTHbIe CHCTe-
'VIbI C IIOCTOHHHbIMH MarHHTaMH?
12. CpaBHHTe MarnHT03JIeKTpH'-leCKHH H 3neKTpoMarHHTHbIH cnoc06bI B03-
6YJK.u;eHHH.
13. KaKHMH ,lI;OCTOHHCTBaMH H He.u;OCTaTKaMH 06JIa.u;aeT KOHCTpyKIJ;HH pOTO-
pa CrnM C KOHUeHTpauHeH MarHHTHOrO IIOToKa?
14. KaK onpe.u;eJIHTb TOqKY OTxo.u;a npJlMOM B03BpaTa Ha ,lI;HarpaMMe MarHH-
Ta H 3)J:C XOJIOCTOrO xO,ll;a?
15. OT qero 3aBHCHT MarHHTHble IIpOBO.u;HMOCTH B03,l1;yruHOro 3a30pa?
16. KaKOBO COOTHOllieHHe B CrTIM Mej[()J;Y HH,u;YKTHBHbIMH conpOTHBJIe-
HHHMH 06MOTKH HKOpR IIO IIpO.u;OJIbHOH H nOIIepeqHOH OCJlM?
17. B qeM OTJIHqHe OCHOBHbIX ypaBHeHHH CrnM OT ypaBHeHHH reHepaTopa
C 3neKTpoMarHHTHbIM B036Yj[()J;eHHeM?
18. KaK CTpOHTCH BHeIIIHHJI xapaKTepHCTHKa reHepaTopa?
19. Ih06pa3uTe cxeMbI 3aMeIl{eHHH MarnHTHbIX ueIIeH ,lI;JIH MJJ:C HKOpH H
MarHHTa.
20. KaKoH yroJI Ha3bIBaIOT yrJIOB HarpY3KH?
21. 06'bHCHHTe IIOHJlTHe paCqeTHOrO KQ31jJljJHuHeHTa y,ll;apHOCTH npo.u;OJIb-
HOH MJJ:C.
22. Ha30BHTe cIIoc06bI cTa6HnH3aIJ;HH H perYJI11pOBaHHH HaIIpHJKeHHSI
CrIIM.
23. TIepeqHCnHTe peJK11MbI peryJIHpOBOqHOrO 3BeHa B E3M C KOM6HHHpO-
BaHHbIM B036YJK,1J;eHHeM.
24. KaK CTpOHTCH cxeMa 3aMellIeHHH MarnHTHoH uenH E3M C KOM611HHpO-
BaHHbIM B036YJK,1J;eHHeM?
25. KaK ycoBepIIIeHCTBOBaTb reHepaTop C He3aMKHYTbIM pOTOpOM, IIpe-
BpaTHB ero B reHepaTop C KOM6HHHpoBaHHbIM B036Yj[()J;eHHeM?
II 'I
II
226
rnaBa 4. CMHXpoHHble reHepaTopbl
C nOCTOI'IHHblMM MarHMTaMM
r"aBa 5. ACMHXpoHHble reHepaTOpbl
227
26. KaKHe oc06eHHocTH CBJl3aHbI C IIapanneJIbHbIM H nOCJIe.u;OBaTeJIbHbIM
BKJIIOqeHHeM no.u;MarHHqHBaIOllIero 3BeHa IIO OTHOIlleHHIO K IIOCTOHHHbIM Mar-
HHTa?
27. KaKoBbI ,lI;OCTOHHCTBa CrIIM no cpaBHeHHIO C ,lI;pyrHMH reHepaTopaMH
B3Y?
28. PaCCKaJKHTe oc06eHHOCTH KOHCTpYKUHH cr C IIOCTOHHHbIMH MarHHTaMH
THIIa rCMTI 132.
29. TIoHcHHTe B03MOJKHOCTH ynpOIl{eHHH KOHCTpYKUHH HH3K0060pOTHbIX
CrTIM 3a CqeT H3MeHeHHH 06MOTKH cTaropa.
30. PaCCKaJKHTe 06 oc06eHHocTHX KOHCTPYKU11H B3Y «Fortis A1ize».
r naBa 5.
ACHHxpoHHbIe reHepaTopbI
5.1. 06rnaH xapaKTepHCTHKa Ar
j
ACHHXpOHHbIH reHepaTOp (Ar) HBJIHeTCH HaH60JIee pacIIpOCTpaHeHHOH
::meKTpHqeCKOH MalliHHOH IIepeMeHHoro TOKa, npHMeHHeMoH IIpeHMYIl{eCTBeH-
110 B KaqeCTBe ,lI;B11raTeJIH. TOJIbKO HH3KOBOJIbTHbIe Ar (,lI;O 500 B IIH-
TaIOllIero HaIIpHJKeH11H) MOllIHOCTbIO OT 0,12 .u;o 400 KBT nOTpe6JIHIOT 60JIee
40% BceH Bblpa6aTbIBaeMoH B MHpe 3JIeKTp03HeprHH, a ro.u;oBoH I1X BbInycK co-
CTaBJIHeT COTHH MHJIJIHOHOB, IIOKpbIBaH caMbIe pa3Ho06pa3HbIe IIoTpe6HocTH
npoMbIruJIeHHOrO H CeJIbCKOX03HHcTBeHHoro npoH3Bo.u;cTBa, CY,ll;OBbIX, aBHaUH-
OHHbIX H TpaHcIIopTHbIX CHCTeM, CHCTeM aBTOMaTHKH, BoeHHoH H CneuHaJIbHOH
TeXHHKH. 3TH .u;B11raTeJI11 cpaBHHTeJIbHO npocTbI IIO KOHCTpYKIJ;H11, BeCbMa Ha-
.u;eJKHbI B 3KCnJIyaTaUI111, HMelOT ,lI;OCTaTO'IHO BbICOKHe 3HepreTHqeCKI1e nOKa3a-
TeJIH 11 HeBbIcoKYIO CTOHMOCTb. l1MeHHo n03ToMY HenpepbIBHo paClli11pJleTCH
cljJepa HCIIOJIb30BaHI1H Ar KaK B HOBbIX 06JIaCTHX TeXHHKH, TaK H B3aMeH 60JIee
CJIOJKHbIX 3JIeKTpH'-leCKI1X Mallil1H pa3JII1qHbIX KOHCTpYKUHH.
HanpHMep, 3HaqHTeJIbHbIH HHTepec B IIOCJIe,ll;HHe ro,ll;bI BbI3bIBaeT IIpHMe-
HeH11e Ar B reHepaTopHoM peJKHMe .u;JIH 06eCneqeHHH nHTaH11eM KaK IIoTpe6H-
TeJIeH TpexljJa3HOrO roKa, TaK H IIoTpe6HTeJIeH IIOCTOHHHoro TOKa qepe3 BbI-
npHMHTeJIbHbIe YCTpOHCTBa. B C11CTeMaX aBTOMaTHqeCKOrO ynpaBJIeHHH, B CJIe-
,l1S1llIeM- 3JIeKTpOnp11Bo.u;e, B BbI'IHCJII1TeJIbHbIX YCTpoHCTBax lliHpOKO npHMeHH-
IOTCH aC11HXpOHHbIe TaxoreHepaTOpbI C KOpoTK03aMKHYTbIM pOTOpOM .u;JIH IIpe-
06pa30BaH11H yrJIOBOH CKOpOCTH B 3JIeKTpHqeCK11H CHrHaJI.
B onpe,ll;eJIeHHbIX YCJIOBHHX 3KCIIJIyaTaUHH aBTOHOMHbIX HCTO'IHHKOB
3JIeKTp03HeprHI1 IIp11MeHeHl1e Ar OKa3bIBaeTCH npe,ll;nOqTHTeJIbHbIM HJIH ,lI;a)l(e
e.u;HHCTBeHHO B03MOJKHbIM pellieHHeM, KaK, HanpHMep, B BbICOKOCKOpOCTHbIX
nepe.u;BI1JKHbIX 3JIeKTpocTaHU11J1X C 6e3pe.u;YKTopHbIM ra30Typ6HHHbIM IIpHBO-
,lI;OM C qaCTOTOH BpallIeHHJI n = (9.. .15) 10 3 06/MHH. B pa60Te [82] OIIHcaH Ar C
MaCCHBHbIM ljJeppoMarH11THbIM pOTOpOM MOIl{HOCTbIO 1500 KBT IIPH n =
= 12000 06/MHH, npe.u;Ha3HaqeHHbIH .u;JIJI aBTOHOMHoro CBapOqHOrO KOMIIJIeKCa
«CeBep». B ,lI;aHHOM cnyqae MaccHBHbIH pOTOp C npO,ll;OJIbHbIMH IIa3aMH npJlMO-
yrOJIbHOrO CeqeHHJI He CO,ll;epJKHT 06MOTOK H BbIIIOJIHHeTCJI H3 eJIbHOH CTaJIb-
HOH nOKOBKH, 'ITO ,lI;aeT B03MOJKHOCTb Henocpe.u;CTBeHHoro COqJIeHeHHH pOTopa
Ar C ra30Typ611HHbIM IIpHBOL\OM npH OKPYJKHOH CKOpOCTH Ha IIOBepXHOCTH pO-
Topa .u;o 400 M/C. JJ:JIH pOTopa C WHXTOBaHHbIM cep,ll;eqHHKOM H K.3. 06MOTKOH
THna «6eJIH'IbH KJIeTKa» ,lI;OnYCTHMaH OKPY)l(HaH CKOpOCTb He npeBbIruaeT 200 -
220 M/C.
JJ:pyrHM npHMepoM 31jJljJeKTHBHoro IIpHMeHeHHH Ar HBJIJleTCH ,lI;aBHee HX
HCnOJIb30BaHHe B MHHH-r3C IIPH YCTOHqHBOM peJKHMe HarpY3KH [83].
228
rnaBa 5. ACMHXpoHHble reHepaTOpbl
OtiLl.4aJl xapaKTepMCTMKa Ar
229
III
1III
Ar OTJIHqaIOTCH rrpocTOToH 3KCIIJIyaTaUHH H 06cnYJK11BaHHH, JIerKO
BKJIIOqaIOTCH Ha rrapaJIJIeJIbHYIO pa6ory, a 1jJ0pMa KpHBOH BbIxo,ll;HOrO HaIIpH-
JKeH11H Y HHX 6JIHJKe K CHHYCOH,lI;aJIbHOH, qeM Y cr IIPH pa60Te Ha O,ll;HY H ry JKe
HarpY3KY. KpoMe Toro, Macca Ar MOIl{HOCTbIO 5 - 100 KBT npHMep'no B 1,3 -
1,5 pa3a MeHbllle MaCCbI cr TaKOH JKe MOllIHOCTH H OHH HecYT MeHbllIHH 06'beM
06MOTOqHbIX MaTepHaJIOB. IIpH 3TOM B KOHCTPYKTHBHOM oTHorueH11H OHH HH-
qeM He OTJI11qaIOTCH OT 06bIqHbIX AJJ: H B03MOJKHO HX cepHHHoe np0113B0l1CTBO
Ha 3JIeKTpOMallI11HOCTpOHTeJIbHbIX 3aBO,ll;aX, BbmYCKaIOllIHX aCHHxpOHHbIe Ma-
IlIHHbI.
O,ll;HH H3 He,ll;OCTaTKOB A)J, - 3TO TO, qTO OHH HBJIH:IOTCH IIOTpe6HTeJIHMH
3HaqHTeJIbHOH peaKTHBHOH MOIl{HOCTH (50% H 60JIee OT nOJIHOH MOllIHOCTH),
He06xo.u;HMOH .u;JIJI C03,l1;aHHH MarHHTHoro nOJIH B MaruHHe, KOTopaH .u;OJIJKHa no-
cryIIaTb H3 ceTH npH IIapaJIJIeJIbHOH pa60Te Ar C ceTbIO HJIH OT .u;pyroro HC-
TO'IHHKa peaKTHBHoH MOllIHOCTH (6aTapeH KOH,lI;eHcaTopoB (EK) HJIH CHHXPOH-
HbIH KOMIIeHcaTop (CK)) npH aBTOHoMHOH pa60Te Ar. B IIOCJIe,ll;HeM cJIyqae
HaH60JIee 31jJljJeKTHBHo BKJIIOqeHHe 6aTapeH KOH.u;eHcaropoB B uenb cTaTopa
IIapaJIJIeJIbHO HarpY3Ke XOTH B npHHUHIIe B03MOJKHO ee BKJIIOqeHHe B uenb po-
Topa. JJ:JIH YJIyqllIeHHH 3KCIIJIyaTauHoHHbIX CBOHCTB Ar B uenb cTaTopa .u;OIIOJI-
HHTeJIbHO MorYT BKJIIOqaTbCH KOH,u;eHCaTOpbI nOCJIe,ll;OBaTeJIbHO 11JI11 napaJI-
JIeJIbHO C HarpY3KoH.
Bo Bcex CJIyqaHX aBToHoMHOH pa60TbI Ar HCTO'IH11KH peaKTHBHoH MOIl{-
HOCTH (EK HJIH CK) .u;OJIJKHbI 06eCrreqHBaTb peaKTHBHoH MOllIHOCTbIO KaK Ar,
TaK H HarpY3KY, HMeIOllIYIO, KaK npaBHJIO, peaKT11BHYIO (11H.u;YKTHBHyro) co-
CTaBJIHIOIIIYIO (cos fPH < 1, fPH> 0).
Macca H pa3MepbI KOH,lI;eHCaTOpHoH 6aTapen HJIH CHHXpOHHOro KOMrreH-
caTopa MorYT npeBocxo.u;HTb Maccy Ar H TOJIbKO npH cos fPH =1 (qHCTO aKTHB-
HaH HarpY3Ka) pa3MepbI CK H Macca EK conOCTaBHMbI C pa3MepoM H MaCCOH
Ar.
JJ:pyroH, HaH60JIee CJIOJKHOH np06JIeMOH JlBJIJIeTCJI rrp06JIeMa cTa6HJIH3a-
UHH HanpHJKeHHH H qaCTOTbI aBTOHOMHO pa60TaIOllIero Ar, HMeIOllIero «MHr-
KYIO» BHellIHIOIO xapaKTepHCT11KY.
IIpH HCnOJIb30BaHHH Ar B COCTaBe aBToHoMHOH B3Y 3Ta IIp06JIeMa oc-
JIOJKHHeTCH ellie H HeCTa6HJIbHOCTbIO qaCTOTbI BpaIl(eHHH pOTopa. B03MOJKHbIe H
IIpHMeHHeMbIe B HaCTOJlIl{ee BpeMH cIIoc06bI perYJIHpOBaHHH HanpIDKeHHH Ar
paccMoTpeHbI B ,lI;aHHoH rJIaBe.
IIpH npoeKTHpoBaHHH Ar ,lI;JIH B3Y OIITHMH3aUHOHHbIe paCqeTbI CJIe.u;yeT
BeCT11 no MaKcHMYMY KIIJJ: B IlIHpOKOM ,lI;11ana30He H3MeHeHHH qaCTOTbI BpaIl(e-
HHH H HarpY3KH, a TaKJKe no MHHHMYMY 3aTpaT C yqeTOM BceH cxeMbI ynpaBJIe-
HHJI H perYJIHpoBaHHH. KOHCTPYKUHH reHepaTopoB ,lI;OJIJKHa yqHThIBaTb KJI11Ma-
THqeCKHe YCJIOBHH pa60TbI B3Y, IIOCTOHHHO ,lI;eii.cTBYIOIl{He MeXaH11qeCKHe
YCHJIHH Ha 3JIeMeHTbI KOHCTPYKU1111 H oc06eHHo - MOIl{HbIe 3JIeKTp0)l;I1HaMHqe-
CKHe H TepMHqeCKHe B03,l1;eHCTBHH IIPH nepexo.u;HbIx IIpoueccax, KOTOpbIe B03-
IIHKaIOT IIPH IIycKax, IIepepbIBax IIHTaHHH, BbIIIa.u;eHHH H3 CHHXpoHH3Ma, KO-
pOTKHX 3aMbIKaHHHX H .u;pyrnx, a TaK)/(e IIPH 3HaqHTeJIbHbIX rropbIBax BeTpa.
.
5.2. Y cTpoiiCTBO H npHH Hn JJ;eiicTBHH A,rI;
5.2.1. YCTpoiicTBO acuHxpoHHOii MaWHHbI
Y CTpOHCTBO aCHHXpoHHOH MaruHHbI C KopOTK03aMKHYTbIM pOTOpOM rro-
Ka3aHO Ha np11Mepe ,lI;BHraTeml cepHH AM (pHC. 5.1).
I
II
,II,
II 1213 14 15 16
I
PUC. 5.1. YCYpOiiCTBO AM C KopOTKo3aMKHYTLIM POTOPOM
I
I
I
OCHOBHbIMH 'IaCn!MH A,Z:{ HBJIHIDTC}I HeIIO,ll;BHJKHbIH CTaTOp 10 H Bpa-
llIaIOIl(HHCH BHYTpH Hero pOTOp , OT.u;eJIeHHbIH OT CTaTopa B03)J;yruHbIM 3a30pOM.
AJIH YMeHbllIeHHH BHxpeBbIX TOKOB Cep,ll;e'IHHKH pOTopa H CTaTopa Ha6HpaIOTCH
H3 OTJ1eJIbHbIX JI11CTOB, OTIllTaMnOBaHHbIX H3 3JIeKTpOTeXHHqeCKOH CTaJI11 TOJI-
I.IJ;HHOH 0,35 HJI11 0,5 MM. flHCTbI OKCH,lI;HpyroTCH (IIo.u;BepraIOTCH TepMHqeCKOH
06pa60TKe), 'ITO YBeJIHqHBaeT HX nOBepXHOCTHoe COIIpOT11BJIeHHe.
Cep,ll;e'IH11K cTaropa BCTpaHBaeTCH B CTaHHHY 12, SlBJIHIOIIIYIOCJI BHellIHeH
qaCTbIO MallI11HbI. Ha BHYTpeHHeH IIoBepxHocTH cep.u;eqHHKa HMeIOTCH IIa3bI, B
KOTOpbIX YJIOJKeHa 06MoTKa 14. CTaTOpH)'IO 06MOTKY qallIe Bcero ,lI;eJIaIOT
TpexljJa3HoH .u;BYXCJIOHHOH H3 OT,lI;eJIbHbIX KaTYllleK C YKopOqeHHbIM llIarOM H3
H30JIHpOBaHHoro Me,ll;HOrO IIpoBo.u;a. HaqaJIa H KOHUbI ljJa3 06MOTKH BbIBO.u;HT Ha
3a)/(HMbI Kop06KH BbIBO.u;OB H 0603HaqaIOT TaK:
HaqaJIa - Cj, C2. C3 ;
KOHl.\bI - C 4, C5. C 6 .
06MOTKY CTaTopa MOJKHO coe.u;HHHTb 3Be3.u;OH (Y) HJIH TpeyrOJIbHHKOM
(L'J.). 3TO ,lI;aeT B03MOJKHOCTb IIpHMeHHTb O,ll;HH H TOT JKe .u;BHraTeJIb IIPH .u;BYX
pa3JIHqHbIX JIHHeHHbIX HanpHJKeHHHX, HaXO)J;HIl(HXCH B OTHOIlleHHH J3. HaIIpH-
.
230
rnaBa 5. ACMHXpoHHble reHepaTopbl
I
Mep, 127/220 B HJI11 220/380 B. IIpH 3TOM coe,ll;HHeH11IO Y COOTBeTcTByeT
BKJIIOqeHHe AJJ: Ha BbIClliee HanpHJKeHlie.
Cep,u;eqHHK pOTopa B c06paHHoM B11,l1;e HanpecCOBbIBaeTCH Ha BaJI 15 1'0-
pHqeH nOCa,ll;KOH H IIpe,u;oxpaHHeTcH OT IIpOBOpaqHBaHHH IIP11 IIOM01l\H lliIIOHKH.
Ha BHelliHeH nOBepXHocTH cep,u;eqHHK pOTopa HMeeT IIa3bI )!;JIM YKJIa.u;KH 06MOT-
KH 13. 06MOTKa pOTOpa B HaH60JIee paCnpOCTpaHeHHbIX M npe,u;CTaBJIHeT CO-
60H pH,u; Me,u;HbIX HJIH aJIIOMHHHeBbIX CTepJKHeH, paCIIOJIOJKeHHbIX B IIa3aX H
3aMKHYTbIX IIO TOPUaM KOJIbuaMH. B ,lI;BHraTeJIMX MOllIHOCTbIO,u;O 100 KBT H 60-
JIee 06MoTKa pOTopa BbIIIOJIIDIeTCH 3aJIHBKOH IIa30B paCnJIaBJIeHHbIM aJIIOM11-
H11eM IIO,u; ,lI;aBJIeHHeM. O,u;HoBpeMeHHo C 06MOTKOH OTJIHBaIOTCH H 3a-
MbIKaIOIl{He I<OJIbua BMeCTe C BeHTHJIHUHOHHbIMH KpbIJIaTKaMH 9. IIo 1jJ0pMe Ta-
KaJI 06MoTKa HaIIOMHHaeT «6eJIHqbIO KJIeTKY».
JJ:ml CIIeWIaJIbHbIX ,lI;BHraTeJIeH 06MOTKa pOTopa MOJKeT BbIIIOJIHHTbCJI IIO-
,u;06HO cTaTopHoH. POTOp C TaKOH 06MOTKOH IIOMHMO YKa3aHHbIx qaCTeH HMeeT
TPH YKpeIIJIeHHbIX Ha BaJIY KOHTaKTHbIX KOJIbua, IIpe)I;Ha3HaqeHHbIX ,lI;JIJl coe,u;H-
HeHHH 06MOTKH C BHelliHeH ueIIbIO. A)J, B 3TOM cJIyqae Ha3bIBaeTCH ,u;B11raTeJIeM
C ljJa3HbIM pOTOpOM HJIH C KOHTaKTHbIMH KOJIbuaMH.
BaJI pOTopa 15 06'be,u;HHHeT Bce 3JIeMeHTbI pOTopa H cnYJKHT ,u;JIH Coe)I;H-
HeH11H AJJ: C HCIIOJIHHTeJIbHbIM MexaHH3MOM.
B03,u;YlliHbIH 3a30p Mej[()J;Y pOTOpOM H cTaTopoM COCTaBJIHeT OT
0,4 - 0,6 MM ,u;JIJI MalliHH MaJIOH MOIl{HOCTH H ,lI;O 1,5 MM Y Malli11H 60JIblliOH
MOIl{HOCTH. TIO,u;lliHIIHHKoBbIe Il{HTbI 4 U 16 ,u;BHraTeJIH CJIYJKaT OIIOpOH ,u;JIJI
IIO.u;ruHIIHHKOB pOTopa. OXJIaj[()J;eHHe ,u;BHraTeJIH ocynreCTBJIHeTCH no IIpHHUHny
caMo06,u;YBa BeHTHJIHTOpOM 5. TIO,u;ruHIIHHKH 2 H 3 3aKpbITbI cHapYJK11 KpbIlliKa-
MH 1 , HMeIOIl{HMH na6Hp11HTOBbIe ynJIOTHeHHH. Ha Kopnyce cTaTopa YCTaHaB-
JIHBaeTCH Kop06Ka 21 C BbIBo,u;aMH 20 06MOTK11 cTaropa. Ha KopIIyce YKpeIIJIJI-
eTCH Ta6JIHqKa 17, Ha KOTOpOH YKa3bIBaIOTCH OCHOBHbIe ,lI;aHHbIe AJJ:. Ha puc.5.1
0603HaqeHO TaKJKe: 6 - nOCa,ll;OqHOe rne3,u;O Il{HTa; 7 - KOJKYX; 8 - Kopnyc; 18-
JIana; 19 - BeHTHllHuHOHHbIH KaHaJI.
I
!
5.2.2. DpHHI.{Hn JJ;CiiCTBHH H OCHOBHLlC COOTHOIllCHHH B A)),
<:DH3HqeCKaJI CYIIIHOCTb 3JIeKTpOMarHHTHbIX B3aHM0J1eHCTBHH BAr, CO-
OTHOllieHHH OCHOBHbIX IIapaMeTpoB, cxeMa 3aMellIeHHH H BeKTOpHaJI ,lI;11arpaM-
Ma HMeIOT MHoro 06Il{ero C AJJ:, II03TOMY ueJIeCo06pa3Ho HaqaTb H3yqeHHe Ar
C OIIHcaHHH pa60TbI aCHHxpoHHOH MalliHHbI B ,u;B11raTeJIbHOM peJKHMe.
B TpexljJa3HoM A.D: KpyroBoe BpallIaIOllIeeCH MarHHTHoe IIOJIe, C03,l1;aBae-
Moe IIO)I;KJIIOqeHHOH K ceTH TpexljJa3HoH 06MOTKOH CTaTopa (pHC. 5.2), IIepece-
KaeT IIpOBO,ll;HHKH 06MOTKH Heno,u;BHJKHOrO pOTopa H HH,lI;YKTHpyeT B HHX 3JJ:C,
KOTopaH paCCqUTbIBaeTcH B COOTBeTCTBHH C 3aKOHOM 3JIeKTpOMarHHTHOH HH-
,u;YKWIH:
d(/>
e= -W-
dt
(5.1)
YCTpOMCTBO M npMHLlMn ,qeMcTBMJI AJJ.
"JIH
231
e=Blv\, (5.2)
r,u;e (/> - MarnHTHbIH IIOTOK; B - MarHHTHaH HH,u;yKIJ;HH nOJIH; I - aKTHBHaH
,u;JIHHa IIpOBo,u;HHKa pOTopa; v I - JIHHeHHaH CKOpOCTb ,u;BHJKeHHH nOJIH.
TOK I 06MOTKH pOTopa COBIIa,u;aeT IIO
HanpaBJIeHHIO C 3JJ:C, a ,u;eHcTBYIOliiaH Ha
npoBo,u;HHK C TOKOM CHJIa
F np = B I I.
(5.3)
COBOKYIIHOCTh CHJI, ,lI;eHcTBYIOIl{HX Ha
BCe IIpOBO,u;HHKH pOTopa, C03,l1;aeT 3JIeKTpo-
MarHHTHbIH MOMeHT
Dp
M 3M ='£,F np2 ,
(5.4)
PUC. 5.2. K nOHCHeuulO npuH-
[{una JIeUCTBUH A,l{
IIpHBOMllIHH pOTOp BO BpallIeH11e co CKOpO-
CTbIO v2. TaKHM 06pa30M, nOTpe6JIJIeMaH 06MOTKOH CTaTopa H3 ceTH 3neKTpH-
qeCKaH 3HeprHH npe06pa3yeTcH B MeXaHHqeCKYIO.
C HaqaJIOM BpallieHHH pOTopa 3)J:C IIpOBo,u;HHKa pOTopa H3MeIDIeTCH
(YMeHblliaeTCH ):
e p = Bl(v r -v2),
(5.5)
T.e. qeM BbIllie CKOpOCTb Vb TeM MeHbllie 3)J:C e np , TOK pOTopa I H MOMeHT M,.M'
IIpH ,u;OCTHJKeHHH pOTOpOM CKOpOCTlf nOJIJI (IIpH v2= VI) , qTO B03MOJKHO
IIPH nYCKe BXOJIOCTYlO 3a CqeT CHJI HHepWIH, ,lI;eHCTBHe M"M npeKpaliiaeTCH,
BpallIeHHe pOTopa IIO,u; ,u;eHCTBHeM C11JI TpeHHH 3aMe,u;JIHeTCH H, Kor,u;a v2 CTaHeT
MeHbllie Vj, OIIJlTb HaqHeT l1eHCTBOBaTb 3JIeKTpOMarHHTHbIH MOMeHT.
CJIe,u;OBaTeJIbHO, B paCCMaTpHBaeMOH cxeMe B03MOJKHO B3aHMO,ll;eHCTBHe
IIpOBO)I;HHKOB pOTOpa C BpallIaIOlliHMCH MarnHTHbIM nOJIeM TOJIbKO IIPH HX He-
CHHXpOHHOM (aCHHxpOHHOM) BpallieHHH.
B A)J, BpaIl{aIOllIHH MOMeHT M,.M ypaBHoBelliHBaeTCH MOMeHTOM COIIpO-
THBJIeHHH Me HCnOJIHHTeJIbHOrO MexaHH3Ma. qeM 60JIbIlle Me, TeM 60JIbrue
,u;OJIJKeH 6bITb M"M' KOTOpbIH B03paCTaeT TOJIbKO 3a CqeT YBeJIHqeHHH TOKa po-
Topa, a TOK IIPH IIOCTOHHCTBe COIIpoTHBJIeHHH 06MOTKH npoIIOpWIOHaJIeH 3JJ:C.
3JJ:C pOTopa, KaK BH,u;HO H3 (5.5), 3aBHCHT OT CKOpOCTH IIepeCeqeHHH IIpOBO)l;-
HHKOB pOTopa BpallIaIOIl{HMCH MarHHTHbIM IIOJIeM.
I I !I
, III
III
l1li
232
rnaBa 5. ACMHXpoHHble reHepaTopbl
CJIe.u;OBaTeJIbHO, qeM 60JIbIIIe MOMeHT COIIpOTlfBJIeH11H Me, TeM MeHbIIIe
.u;OJIJKHa 6bITb CKOpOCTb BpaIl(eHHH pOTopa, H Ha060poT.
OTHOIIIeH11e
III II
I
pi
HJIH S = n} -n 2 100 %,
n}
n. -n 2
s=-,
n,
(5.6)
Ha3bIBaeTCJI CKOJIbJKeHHeM AM.
3.u;eCb n} = 60.li - CKOpOCTb (qaCToTa) BpaIl(eHHH IIOJIH CTaTopa, Ha3bI-
p
BaeMaJI CHHXpOHHOH CKOpOCTbIO, 06/MHH; n2 - CKOpOCTb (qaCToTa) BpallIeH11J1
pOTOpa, 06/MHH;p - q11CJIO IIap IIOJIIOCOB IIOJIJl;fj - qaCTOTa ceTH, ru.
IIpH HenO,ll;BHJKHOM pOTope CKOJIbJKeHHe S = 1,0 ( HJIM 100%), IIPH XOJIO-
CTOM xo.u;e (npH Me = 0) CKOJIbJKeHHe 6JI113KO K HYJIIO. CKOJIbJKeHHe, COOTBeTCT-
BYIOllIee HOM11HaJIbHOMY peJKHMY A)J" Ha3bIBaeTCJI HOMHHaJIbHbIM H COCTaBJIJJeT
Sn = 0,02 - 0,05
B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT THIIa H Ha3HaqeHHH AJJ:.
BpaIl(aIOIl{eeCH MarHHTHoe IIOJIe CTaTopa IIepeceKaeT 06MOTKY pOTopa co
CKOpOCTbIO
n} - n2
n=n} -n2 =-n} =sn}. (5.7)
n}
qacToTa 3JJ:C H TOKOB, HaBO,ll;HMbIX 3THM IIOJIeM B 06MOTKe pOTopa,
12 = pn = pn} s = .lis (5.8)
60 60 '
T.e. IIpOIIOPUHOHaJIbHa CKOJIbJKeH11IO.
MarHHTHoe IIOJIe, C03.u;aBaeMoe MAC 06MOTKH pOT.Opa, BpaliiaeTCH OTHO-
CHTeJIbHO pOTopa co CKOpOCTbIO
, 60 12 60.li
n2 =-=-s=n}s, (5.9)
p p
a CKOpOCTb BpallIeHHH pOTopa, BbIpaJKeHHaJI qepe3 CKOJIbJKeHHe H3 (5.6),
n2 =n}(l-s). (5.10)
CYMMapHaJI CKOpOCTb BpaIl(eHHH nOJIH pOTopa OTHOCHTeJIbHO HenO,u;BHJK-
Horo cTaTopa onpe,ll;emleTCH CYMMOH
nz +n2 = n}s + n} (l-s) = n\,
(5.11)
T.e. MarHHTHoe IIOJIe pOTopa BpaIl{aeTCH B CTaTope C TOH JKe CKOpOCTbIO H B TOM
JKe HanpaBJIeHHH, qTO H MarHHTHOe IIOJIe CTaTopa. CJIe,ll;OBaTeJIbHO, OHM HeIIO,ll;-
BHJKHbI OTHOCHTeJIbHO ,lI;Pyr .u;Pyra. 3TO BbIIIOJIHHeTCH B JII060M peJKHMe pa60TbI
AM - B ,lI;BHraTeJIbHOM, TOpM03HOM, reHepaTopHOM H ,lI;p.
YCTpOMCTBO " npMHLlMn ,qeMCTBMJI AJJ.
233
AJIH aHaJIH3a H pacqeTa pa60TbI AM B ,lI;BHraTeJIbHOM p JKHMe HCIIOJIb3Y-
lOT 3JIeKTpHqeCKYIO cxeMY 3aMellIeHHH (pHC. 5.3), B KOTOpOH IIapaMeTpbI 06-
MOTKH Heno.u;BHJKHOrO pOTopa IIpHBe.u;eHbI K 06MoTKe cTaTopa, a BpallIeHHe po-
Topa H CBJl3aHHble C HHM H3MeHeHHH 3JJ:C, TOKa H IIapaMeTpoB yqTeHbI qepe3
CKOJIbJKeH11e s.
Ha cxeMe 3aMeIl{eHHH 0603HaqeHo:
r] H x] - aKTHBHoe H HH-
.u;YKTHBHoe conpOTHBJIeHHH
ljJa3bI 06MOTKH CTaTOpa; r'2ls M
X'2 - npHBe.u;eHHbIe aKTHBHoe 11
HH.u;YKTHBHoe conpOTHBJIeHHH
ljJa3bI 06MOTKH cTaTopa; r m H
x m - aKTHBHoe H HH,u;yKTHBHoe
conpOTHBJIeHHH BeTBH HaMar-
HHqHBaHHH;Ur ljJa3Hoe
HanpJlJKeHHe ceTH; E] H E'2 -
3AC, 11H)J;yKTHpyeMbIe B ljJa3ax
06MOTKH cTaTopa H IIpHBe,ll;eHHbIe K 06MoTKe pOTopa; h H 1'2 - TOKH B ljJa3e
06MOTKH cTaTopa, np11Be,ll;eHHbIe K 06MOTKe poropa.
3AC E] H E'2 paBHbI IIO BeJIHqHHe, npH 3TOM
E] = E'2 = 4,44fiW]k o6 ]C/J OM ' (5.12)
r.u;e W] - qHCJIO nOCJIe,ll;OBaTeJIbHO coe)J;HHeHHbIX BHTKOB ljJa3bI cTaTopa; k o6 ] -
_ 06MoroqHbIH K031jJIjJHUHeHT; C/J OM - IIOJIHbIH MarHHTHbIH IIOTOK Ha napy IIO-
JIIOCOB MarHHTHoH C11CTeMbI.
PacqeT peaJIbHbIX 3HaqeHHH IIapaMeTpoB, 3JJ:C H TOKa pOTopa npoH3Bo-
,lI;HTCJI IIO COOTHOIIIeHHHM
Xl
X;
r /s
r]
v]
Puc. 5.3. T -06pa3uaH cxeMa 38Mell(eUUH A)];
E 2 =){, 1 2 =1 2 .k;,
_r2 X 2 = X2 ,
'2--' kk
ke k ; e i
r,ll;e ke = W]ko6]/W2ko62 - K03IjJIjJHUHeHT TpaHcljJopMauHH 3JJ:C; k j =
= m2 W ko62/m]W]ko6] - K031jJljJHUHeHT TpaHcljJopMaUHH TOKa; m] 11 m2 - qHCJIa
ljJa3 cTaropa H pOTopa.
YpaBHeHHH 3JIeKTpHqeCKOrO paBHoBecHH A)J, B COOTBeTCTB11H co cxeMOH
3aMellIeHHH (CM. pHC. 5.3) 3aIIHCbIBaIOTCH BH,lI; .
VI =-£1 + ji,x,+I,'i =-£\ +I, "
(5.13)
,
£ = i !i+ ji x; = i 2'
S
i, = io +(-i ).
(5.14)
I
III
234
rnaBa 5. ACMHXpoHHble reHeparopbl
YCTpOMCTBO M npMHLlMn ,qeMcTBMJI AJJ.
235
3JJ:C E j HanpaBJIeHa BCTpeqHO OTHOCHTeJIbHO npHJIOJKeHHOrO K 06MoTKe
cTaTopa HanpHJKeHHJI H Ha3bIBaeTCH IIpOTHB03JJ:C, a 3AC E'2 HBJIHeTCH aKTHB-
HOH, IIOMepJKHBaeT TOK 1'2 B 3aMKHYTOH 06MOTKe pOTopa. ,
rpaljJH'-IeCK11M pellieHHeM ypaBHeHHH (5.14) HBJIHeTCH BeKTOpHaH .u;Ha-
rpaMMa npHBe,ll;eHHoro A)J" IIpe,ll;CTaBJIeHHaH Ha pHC. 5.4.
06paTHM BHHMaHHe Ha TO, qTO BeKTOp
IIpHBe.u;eHHoro TOKa pOTopa Q OTCTaeT OT
BeKTopa 0'2 Ha yrOJI
Xl
VI 2 = arctg -;- ,
r2
a ero aKTHBHaJI H peaKTHBHaJI COCTaBJIJIIO-
llIHe paBHbI:
«i>o 1 2a = 1 2 cos 'f'2;
1 2p =I 2 sinVl2'
BeKTop TOKa cTaTopa [jI OTCTaeT OT
BeKTOpa U r Ha yrOJI CPr , a ero COCTaBJIHIO-
Il{He onpe.u;eJIHIOTC" H3 cOOTHollieHHH
Ira =Ir costp,
Ir p =Irsintp.
IIOTpe6JIHeMble H3 ceTH MOIIIHOCTH
paBHbI:
1l = mUrIr costpr [BT];
Qr = mUrI) sintp) [Bap];
S = mU)I) [BA].
Iii
II!
11 Xl
III
1\
;;1
PUC. 5.4. BeKTOpHaH JIUarpaM-
Ma npuBe).\euHOI'O A)];
aKTHBHaJI _
II
peaKTHBHaJI
1I0JIHaH
I , - U I -
2---
Z
U)
rz 2 , ) 2
(rr +-) +(X r +X2
s
nOTOMY
M3M, -
2;if;[
3pU21Z /s
,
(r. + r2 )2 + (X, + X )2
s
(5.23)
(5.24)
TaK11M 06pa30M, Bparu;aIOllIHH MOMeHT AA IIponOpUHOHaJIeH KBa.u;pary
IIO.u;Bo.u;11MOrO HanpJlJKeHHH ljJa3bI H CJIOJKHbIM 06pa30M 3aBHCHT OT CKOJIbJKeHHH
11 IIapaMeTpOB CTaTopa H pOTopa.
3aBHC11MOCTb M"M = f(s), HHOr,ll;a Ha3bIBaeMaH MeXaHHqeCKOH xapaKTepH-
CTHKOH AJJ:, IIOKa3aHa Ha pHC. 5.5, a (B IIepBOM KBa,ll;paHTe).
(5.15)
(5.16)
n
(5.17)
: AuUraTenb :TOP 03
""" 'i." S." S""
fareparop I
I M.
I
I
I
.s
-J,
,
,
(5.18)
(5.19)
(5.20)
- Mkpr
a
6
Puc.5.5. MeXaUU'IeCKaH xapaKTepUCTUKa A)];
3JIeKTpOMarHHTHaH MOllIHOCTb A)J" IIepe,ll;aBaeMaH H3 cTaTopa B pOTOp
3JIeKTpOMarHHTHbIM IIYTeM, Ha OCHOBaHHH cxeMbI 3aMellIeHHH (CM. pHC. 5.3)
MOJKeT 6bITb 3anHcaHa B BH,lI;e
I I!I
I!
,I!
qaru;e MeXaH11qecKYIO xapaKTepHCT11KY H306paJKaIOT B
M=f(n) (pHC. 5.5, 6).
IIp11 nYCKe (n2= 0, s = 1) AJJ: pa3B11BaeT nycKoBoH MOMeHT
Koop.u;11HaTaX
P 3M = 3/;£; COS!V2 = 3/; r; . (5.21)
s
BeJIH'IHHa 3JIeKTpoMarHHTHOrO MOMeHTa oIIpe.u;eJIHeTCH H3 COOTHOllieHHH
3(1;)2 r; p
s
r,ll;e rk = Xj+r'b Xk = Xj+r'2 - COnpOTHBJIeHHH KOpOTKOrO 3aMbIKaHHH.
TIo Mepe pa3rOHa pOTOpa M CHaqaJIa YBeJIHqHBaeTCH, npH HeKOTOpOM
KPHTHqecKOM CKOJIbJKeHHH SKp .u;OCTHraeT MaKCHMaJIbHOrO 3HaqeHHH MMax, a 3a-
TeM YMeHblliaeTcH. YCTaHOBHBlliaHCH qaCTOTa BpallIeHHH pOTopa .u;OCTHraeTCH
IIPH M""". = Me (Me - MOMeHT COIIpOTHBJIeHHH HCIIOJIHHTeJIbHOrO MexaHH3Ma).
MaKCHMaJIbHbIH MOMeHT H KpHTHqeCKOe CKOJIbJKeHHe HaXO)I;HT H3 COOT-
HOllieH11H
M _ 3pU r 2 rz
n - 2 2'
21ift(rk +Xk )
M = P3M
3M Q.
(5.22)
21if.
{Vr 27ifi
r.u;e Qr = - = - - yrJIOBaH CKOpOCTb Bparu;eHHH pOTopa.
p p
TOK pOTopa
1.11
II
(5.25)
! )II
, I
'I! I
III
! ':
II
1,[
I
IJ
I
III
I
i
'I
11I,
I !
236
rnaBa 5. ACMHxpoHHble reHepaTopbl
Pa60Ta AM, nO,QKnIO"IeHHOM K CaTM,
B reHepaTopHoM pe>KMMe
237
2
M "", 3pU\
max 4;if; x k'
BaHHH 3HeprHH HAM CTaHeT OT,lI;aBaTb aKTHBHYIO MOIl{HOCTb B ceTb, T.e. pa60-
TaTb B peJKHMe reHepaTopa - IIpe06pa30BbIBaTb IIO,u;BO.u;HMYIO C BaJIa MexaHH-
qecKy/o 3HeprHIO B 3JIeKTpHqecKYIO. HanpaBJIeHHe 3neKTpoMarH11THOrO MOMeH-
Ta M 3M TaKJKe H3MeHHeTCH Ha 06paTHoe - OH CTaHOBHTCH TOpM03HbIM H ypaB-
HOBelliHBaeT BpaIl{aIOIl{11ll MOMeHT IIpHBo,u;Horo ,u;BHraTeJIH.
IIoJIHaH MeXaHHqeCKaH xapaKTepHcTHKa THIIOBOH AM C K.3. pOTOpOM IIO-
Ka3aHa Ha pHC. 5.5, a. '
KaK BH,u;HO, CKOnbJKeHHe B reHepaTopHoM peJKHMe
_ nl - n2 ( 0
sr--
nl
(5.26)
,
r 2
srp""'-.
x k
(5.27)
HOMHHaJIbHbIH peJKHM pa60TbI AJJ: Ha MeXaHHqeCKOH xapaKTepHCTuKe
OIIpe,ll;eJIHeTCH TOqKOH C Koop.u;HHaTaMH M" (HOMHHaJIbHbIH MOMeHT) H S" (HO-
MHHaJIbHOe CKOnbJKeHHe).
HOMHHaJIbHbIH peJKHM xapaKTepH3yeTcH BenHqHHaMH: PH - HOMHHaJIbHaH
MOIl{HOCTb (KBT); I H - HOMHHaJIbHbIH TOK cTaropa (A); 1'\H - KIIA HOMHHaJIbHO-
1'0 peJKHMa; D H - HOMHHaJIbHaH qaCTOTa BpaIl{eHHJI pOTopa (06/MHH); COS <PH -
K031jJljJHUHeHT MOIl{HOCTH B HOMHHaJIbHOM peJKHMe.
IIo,u;qepKHeM eIl{e pa3, qTO K031jJljJHUHeHT MOIl{HOCTH AM Bcer,u;a MeHbrue
e,u;HHHUbI, TaK KaK OHa IIOTpe6nHeT H3 ceTH 3HaqHTeJIbHYIO peaKTHBHYIO MOIl{-
HOCTb, IIO'-ITH He 3aBHCJlIl{YIO OT BenH'-lHHbI HarpY3KH.
K03IjJIjJHUHeHT
H TeOpeTHqeCKH MOJKeT H3MeHHTbCH B npe,ll;eJIax 0 > S > -00. Ha IIpaKTHKe, o,u;-
HaKO, BbICOKaH CKOpOCTb He,ll;OIIYCTHMa KaK IIO ycnoBHHM MeXaHUqeCKOH npoq-
HOCTH, TaK H H3 C006paJKeHHH orpaHHqeHml nOTepb.
C TOqKH 3peHHH coxpaHeHHH HOMHHaJIbHOrO KTI)J: H orpaHHqeHml Harpe-
Ba HOMHHaJIbHOe CKOnbJKeHHe Ar sr" ,u;OJIJKHO COOTBeTCTBOBaTb HOMHHaJIbHOMY
CKOJIbJKeHHIO AJJ: SO" H COCTaBJIHeT sr" = 0,02 - 0,05 B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT THIIa H
MOlliHOCTH AM.
JJ:m aCHHXpoHHoro reHepaTopa cIIpaBe,u;JIHBbI TaKHe JKe cxeMbI 3aMeIl{e-
HHH, qTO H ,u;JIH aCHHxpoHHoro ,u;BHraTeJIH. IIapaMeTpbI cxeMbI 3aMeIl{eHHH, KO-
31jJljJHUHeHTbI IIpHBe,u;eHHH ke 11 k; oIIpe,u;eJIJlIOTCH TaK JKe, KaK H B peJKHMe ,lI;BH-
raTeJIH.
Ha pHC. 5.6 IIOKa3aHa cxeMa 3aMe-
Il{eHHH Ar, Ha3bIBaeMa51 r-06pa3HoH H HC-
IIonb3yeMaH IIPH paCqeTaX, B KOTOpOll
BeTBb HaMarHHqHBaHHH BbIHeceHa Ha 3a-
JKHMbI, a HaIIpaBJIeHHH TOKOB i'2 H i} H3-
MeHeHbI Ha 06paTHbIe no cpaBHeHHIO co
cxeMOH 3aMeIl{eHHH AJJ: (CM. pHC.5.3). IIo-
IIpaBOqHbIll K031jJljJHUHeHT CI, yqHTbIBalO-
Il{HH H3MeHeHHH IIapaMeTpoB cxeMbI rrpH
BbIHoce BeTBH HaMarHHqHBaHHH, OIIpe,ll;e-
nHeTCH H3 cooTHorueHHH
k = M max
M M"
(5.28)
Ha3bIBaeTCH IIeperpY30qHOH cIIoc06HOCTbIO H COCTaBnHeT 1,6 - 2,5 B 3aBHCHMO-
CTH OT MOIl{HOCTH H THIIa AJJ:.
K031jJljJHUHeHT
X C2 xlc
fiC
k = Mn
n M"
(5.29)
Ha3bIBaeTCH KpaTHocTbIO IIycKoBoro MOMeHTa H COCTaBnHeT 0,8 - 1,7.
5.3. Pa60Ta AM, nOJJ;KJIIO'IeHHOH K ceTU,
B reHepaTopHoM pe>KHMe
5.3.1. c]>U3H'IeCKHe npOQeccbI H COOTHOlUeHHH BAr
EcnH pOTOp AM, IIo,u;KJIlOqeHHOH K ceTH, C 1I0MOll{bIO ,lI;OnOJIHHTenbHoro
npHBo,u;Horo ,lI;BHraTeJIH IIpHBecTH BO BpaIl{eHHe B HaIIpaBJIeHHH BpallIeH11Jl IIO-
JIH cTaTopa co CKOpOCTbIO V2> v} (CM. pHC. 5.2), TO 3AC e'np B COOTHorueHHH
(5.5) H3MeHHT CBoe HalIpaBneHHe Ha IIpOTHBOIIOJIOJKHOe IIO cpaBHeHHIO C ,u;BH-
raTenbHbIM peJKHMoM. Bcne,u;cTBHe 3Toro H3MeH11T CBoe HaIIpaBJIeHHe H TOK po-
Topa h (ero aKTHBHaH COCTaBJIHIOIl{aH 1'2a), CJIe,ll;OBaTeJIbHO, H3MeHHT HaIIpaB-
JIeHHe H TOK cTaTopa I}, a 3TO 3HaqHT, qTO H3MeHHTCH HanpaBneHHe rrpe06pa30-
Poco 5.6. r -06P33H3H cxeM3
33Mell\eHOH Ar
Xl
cI"",I+-.
X m
qT06bI YMeHblliHTb norperuHocTb IIPH OIIpe,u;eJIeHHH TOKa io, B HaMarHH-
qHBalOIl{Hll KOHTYP r -06pa3HOll cxeMbI 3aMeIl{eHHH BBO,u;HT COIIpOTHBneHHe z} =
= r}+jx} HJIH TOJIbKO x}.
BenHqHHa K031jJljJHUHeHTa ci MaJIO OTJIHqaeTCH OT e,u;HHHUbI H COCTaBJIHeT
c} "'" 1;02 -1,06.
(5.29)
r
I 238
II
II
Iii
II
III
'Ii
III
1'1
II11
rnaBa 5. ACMHxpoHHble reHepaTopbl
Pa60T8 AM, no,tlKntO"leHHOM K ceTM,
B reHepaTopHoM pe>KMMe
IIOKa3aHHbIe Ha pHC. 5.6 IIapaMeTpbI SKp H M max paCCqHTbIBaIOTCH IIO 60-
JIee TOqHbIM, qeM (5.25), (5.26), cooTHorueHHHM
Cl r 2
SKP = + ,
r? + (xI +CIX2)2
H MOIl{HOCTb
P2=UJ IJ cosrpJ<O ,
239
(5.34)
qTO cHMBonH3HpyeT H3MeHeHHe 3HaKa aKTHBHoH COCTaBJIHIOIl{eH TOKa cTaTopa
(IIO cpaBHeHHIO C AJJ:) H HaIIpaBneHHH IIOTOKa MOIl{HOCTH - MeXaHHqeCKaJI
MOIl{HOCTb npe06pa3yeTCH B 3neKTpHqecKYIO H OT,u;aeTCH B ceTb.
BeJIHqHHa peaKTHBHoH MOIl{HOCTH Ar onpe,u;enHeTCH H3 cooTHorueHHH
QI = mtUIljJltljJ sinqJI (5.35)
, (5.30)
2
M , or [P"'tUj ]
2mtcI :!:rt + rI2 + (xI +Clx2) 2
3HaK (+ ) OTHOCHTCH K ,u;BHraTenbHoMY peJKHMY, 3HaK (-) - K reHepaTop-
HOMY. EcnH B (5.30) H (5.31) He yqHTbIBaTb CJ H IIpeHe6pe'-lb COIIpOTHBJIeHHeM
rJ, KOTopoe MHoro MeHbIlle X K = XJ+x'2, TO IIonyqaIOTCH COOTHorueHHH (5.25) H
(5.26). .
KaK BH,lI;HO H3 (5.31), BenHqHHa MaKCHMaJIbHOrO MOMeHTa AM B reHepa-
TOpHOM peJKHMe HeCKonbKO BbIrue, qeM B ,u;BHraTeJIbHOM. B cpelIHeM 3HaqeHHe
Kp11THqeCKHX IIapaMeTpoB ,u;JIJI AM COCTaBJIHeT SKp "" 0,12 - 0,20, M max = (1,9-
- 2,7) M H .
XapaKTep 113MeHeliHH
TOKa CTaTopa h ,u;JIH IIIHpO-
Koro ,u;HaIIa30Ha H3MeHeHHH
CKOnbJKeHHH AM IIpHBe,u;eH
Ha pHC. 5.7. TOK xonOCToro
KO,ll;a, HBJIHIOllIHHCH IIOqTH
'IHCTO peaKTHBHbIM, COCTaB-
nHeT 10 "" (0,25 - 0,45)1 11 , o,u;-
HaKO B THXOXO,u;HbIX MaruH-
Hax (co CKOpOCTbIO BpallIe-
HHH 375 06/MHH H MeHee) QH
MOJKeT ,u;OCT11raTb (0,8-
-0,9)1 11 , TOK IIPH CKOnbJKeH11H S = :!: 1,0 COCTaBnHeT In = (5,5 ... 7,0) I H .
BeKTopHaH ,u;HarpaMMa ,u;JIH Ar IIpHBe,u;eHa Ha pHC. 5.8. 3,u;ecb TOK pOTopa
i '2 C,u;BHHYT IIO oTHorueHHIO K 3JJ:C £'2 Ha yron Iflb BeKTOp TOKa CTaTopa i J , KaK
H B ,u;BHraTeJIbHOM peJKHMe, OIIpe,u;enHeTCH BeKTOpHOH CYMMOH
I
I
I
I
I TOpM03
I
I
I s
reJ/epamop
-s
-I
PUC. 5.7.113MeHeHue TOKa cTaTopa AM
i J = io+ (- i '2)
(5.31 )
H CKJIa,ll;bIBaeTCH H3 peaKTHBHoH MOIl{HO-
CTH, He06xo,u;HMOH ,u;JIH C03,u;aHHH OCHOB-
Horo MarHHTHOrO IIonH,
2
Qm = mtIOJl X m
(5.36)
H MOIl{HOCTH, IIpHXo,u;JlIl{eHCJI Ha IIOTOKH
pacceHHHH 06MOTOK CTaTopa H pOTopa:
Qcm =mllt 2x l;
Qpom =ml(I2)2 x2 . (5.37)
113 BeKTOpHOH ,u;HarpaMMbI pHC. 5.8
cne,ll;yeT TaKJKe, qTO peaKTHBHaH COCTaB-
JIHIOIl{a» TOKa cTaTopa
hp=IJ sinrp J
(5.38)
., .srC ji1X ]
E 2 = -E 1 U I
.1
1 2
<b m
.1
-12
E]
PUC. 5.8. BeKTopHaH .QuarpaMMa Ar
H peaKTHBHa» MOIl{HOCTb Q IIPH IIepe-
xo,u;e AM H3 ,u;BHraTeJIbHOrO B reHepaTopHbIH peJKHM coxpaHHIOT CBOH 3HaKH.
3TO 03HaqaeT, '1TO aCHHxpOHHbIH reHepaTOp IIOTpe6nHeT H3 ceTH peaKTHBH)'IO
MOIl{HOCTb H HH,lI;YKTHBHbIH TOK. II03TOMY Ar MOJKeT pa60TaTb TonbKO Ha ceTb,
KOTOpaH HMeeT HCTOqHHKU peaKTHBHOH MOllIHOCTH.
5.3.2. OcofieHHocTH napaJIJIeJlbHoii: pafioTbl Ar C CeTblO.
CpaBHeHHe C cr
B rn. 3 IIo,u;p06HO paccMoTpeHbI YCJIOBHH CHHXpoHH3al{HH cr H cIIoc06bI
HX BKJIIOqeHHH Ha napaJIJIenbHYIO pa60TY. 3THX ycnoBHH qeTbIpe: paBeHcTBo
,u;eHCTBYIOIl{HX 3HaqeHHH 3JJ:C reHepaTopa Ea H HaIIpHJKeHHJI Ha 06Il{HX IIIHHax
- - °
U e ; c,u;BHr 110 ljJa3e MeJK,lI;y BeKTopaMH Ea H U c Ha 180; paBeHcTBo qaCTOT f n
f e ; c06nIO,lI;eHHe IIopH,u;Ka qepe,u;oBaHHH ljJa3. HapyrueHHe Tpex nepBbIx YCJIOBHH
COIIpOBOJK,lI;aeTCH 3HaqHTenbHbIMH 3neKTpoMarHHTHbIMH Harpy3KaMH, Kone6a-
HHHMH 3HeprHH HnH MeXaHHqeCKHMH TOJI'IKaMH Ha nHHHH «IIPHBO,u;HOH ,u;BHra-
(5.32)
H Bcne,u;CTBHe IIoBopoTa TOKa i '2 (BMeCTe C 3JJ:C £'1 ) IIOqTH Ha 180° TaKJKe IIO-
BOpaqHBaeTCH IIO qaCOBOH cTpenKe, IIPH 3TOM yron rpJ > 90°, a aKTHBHaH co-
CTaBnHIOIl{aH TOKa cTaTopa
IJa= IJ cosrpJ<O
(5.33)
, II
1II 1I
I
III
I
:1
,I
I,ll
,
,
I:II!
) II
jllil
I
I.
I
Ii
Ii
I I
II
240
Pa60Ta AM, no,tlKnIO'IeHHOM K ceTM,
B reHepaTopHoM pe)j(MMe
241
rnaBa 5. ACMHXpoHHble reHepaTopbl
renb - CHHXpOHHbIH reHepaTop», «6HeHHHMH» HaIIpHJKeHHH, a Hec06nIO,lI;eHHe
qeTBepToro ycnoBHH qpeBaTO pa3pyweHHeM reHepaTopa.
THJKeJIbIe IIOCJIe.u;CTBHH .u;JIH cr MorYT 6bITb CBH3aHbI C KOpOT MH 3aMbI-
KaHHJlMH Ha ruHHax, COIIpOBOJK,lI;aeMbIMH MOIl{HbIMH IIepexo.u;HbIMH IIpoueccaMH
C 60JIbruHMH y,ll;apHbIMH TOKaMH Iy = (10 - 20)I H , 3JIeKTpo.u;HHaMHqeCKUMH H
TepMHqeCKHMH HarpY3KaMH Ha 06MoTKax H Y3JIaX KpenneHHH.
JJ:OIIOJIHHTenbHoH oc06eHHocTbIO IIapaJIJIeJIbHOH pa60TbI B3Y C cr Ha
ceTb JlBJIHeTCH IIOCTOHHHO .u;ei1cTBYIOIl{Hll IIynbcHpYlOllIHH MOMeHT BeTpoTyp-
6HHbI, qTO CBH3aHO C HeIIOCTOHHCTBOM BeTpoBoro IIOTOKa Ii, KaK CJIe,ll;CTBHe, -
IIYJIbCaWIH TOKa H COCTaBJIHIOllIHX MOIl{HOCTH. CHcTeMa perynHpoBaHml yrJIa
YCTaHoBKH JIOnaCTeH, HMeH .u;OCTaTOqHO BbICOKYIO IIOCTOHHHYIO BpeMeHH, pa60-
TaeT C 3aIIa3,l1;bIBaHHeM H CHHxpoHHaH MarumIa HaXOlIHTCH B COCTOHHHH IIepe-
KO,ll;HOrO IIpouecca co CTOXaCTHqeCKHMH Kone6aHmlMH yrJIa 8 H HarpY3KH. Ha-
npJlJKeHHbIH peJKHM pa60TbI B CBJl3H C 3THM C03.u;aeTCH .u;JIH ,lI;eMnljJepHoH CHCTe-
MbI pOTopa.
IIpH 3HaqHTenbHbIX 1I0pbIBaX BeTpa C03,l1;aeTCH OIIaCHOCTb BbIIIa,ll;eHHH cr
1i3 C11HXpOHH3Ma C ceTbIO H IIepeXO,ll;a ero B aCHHxpoHHbIH peJKHM, qTO C031IaCT
.u;OIIonHHTenbHbIe IIpe,ll;noCbIJIKU .u;JIH pa3pyweHHH .u;eMIIljJepHoH 06MOTKH.
Bce 3TH 06CTOHTeJIbCTBa B COBOKYIIHOCTH CHHJKaIOT Ha,ll;eJKHOCTb pa60TbI
cr, CpOKH ero 6e3aBapHHHOH 3KCIIJIyaTa HH, Hepe,ll;KO IIpHBO.u;JlT K paCIInaBJIe-
HHIO H pa3pYIlleH11IO ,lI;eMIIljJepHOH 06MOTKH H aBapHH cr.
06Il{HMH IIpeHMYIl{eCTBaMH IIapaJIJIeJIbHOH pa60TbI Ar HBJIJlIOTCH:
- Ar Tpe6yeT MeHee JKeCTKHX YCJIOBHH BKJIlOqeHHH Ha IIapaJIJIenbHYIO
pa60TY C ceTbIO HnH C .u;pyrHM Ar JIH60 cr, MOJKeT 6bITb BKJIIO'IeH .u;aJKe IIPH
3HaQHTeJIbHOH pa3HHue B qaCTOTax BpaIl{eHHH Ar H «0606llIeHHoro» cr ceTH.
IIo CYIl{eCTBY Ar HCKJIlOqalOT IIp06JIeMY C11HXpOHH3aUHH C CeTbIO (KpOMe YC-
nOBHJI C06nIO,lI;eHHH IIOpH,lI;Ka qepe.u;OBaHHH ljJa3) H BbIIIa,ll;eHHH H3 CHHXpOHH3Ma;
- Ar He Tpe6yeT 3aIl{HTbI OT KOpOTKHX 3aMbIKaHHH, TaK KaK B 3TOM pe-
JKHMe OH HeMe.u;JIeHHO TepHeT B036Yj[()J;eHHe (caMOpa3B036YJK,lI;aeTCH);
- Ar 06eCIIeqHBaeT nyqIIIHe KaqeCTBa BbIxo.u;Horo HaIIpHJKeHHH;
- IIPH IIapaJIJIenbHOH pa60Te C ceTbIO OTna,ll;aeT He06xo)),HMOCTb B CHCTe-
Me caMOB036YJK.u;eHHH H peryJIHpOBaHHH HaIIpHJKeHHH.
Ha pHC. 5.9 IIOKa3aHbI perncTporpaMMbI IIapaJIJIenbHOH pa60TbI C ceTbIO
B3Y MaJIOll MOIl{HOCTH cepHH AB3Y - 6 -4, OIIHcaHHOll B rn. 3, C BapHaHTaMH
aCHHxpoHHoro Ii CHHXpOHHOro reHepaTopoB [116]. HapJl)l;y C cr cepHH CrB-4
HCIIbITaH Ar MOIl{HOCTbIO 4,5 KBT C K.3. pOTOpOM H C COOTHorueHHHMIi MOMeH-
TOB Mm/MH = 2 H Mn/MH = 1,3. CpaBHeHHe KpHBbIX 3JIeK1pHqeCKOH MOIl{HOCTH,
oT.u;aBaeMoH B ceTb, nOKa3bIBaeT, '1TO B O,ll;HHaKOBbIX IIpHMepHo YCJIOB11HX IIPH
nopbIBHcTOM BeTpe ypoBeHb IIynbca HH MOIl{HOCTH P a Ar 3Ha'lHTenbHO MeHb-
Ille, qeM MOIl{HOCTH Pc cr. B pa60Te [116] OTMeqaeTCH, qTO MOIl{HOCTb P a Ar
co.u;epJKHT TonbKO HH3KOqaCTOTHbIe COCTaBJIHIOIl{He, CBH3aHHbIe C Me.u;JIeHHbIMH
H3MeHeHHHMii CKOpOCTH BeTpa. MaKCHMaJIbHbIe OTKJIOHeHHH MOIl{HOCTH P a
HMeJIIi MeCTO JIHWb IIP11 .u;JIHTeJIbHOM IIpeBbIrueHHH 3TOll CKOpOCTH 11 COOTBeT-
CTBOBaJIH H3MeHeHHIO B IIepexo.u;HOM npouecce CKOJIbJKeHHH Ar. BKJIIOqeHHe
AB3Y -6-4 C Ar Ha napanneJIbHYIO pa60TY C ceTblO 6bIJIO B03MOJKHbIM IIpaKTH-
qeCKH IIPH nI06bIX BeTpOBbIX ycnoBHHX, Tor.u;a KaK BKJIIOqeHHe CHHxpOHHoro
reHepaTopa npH IIOpbIBHCTOM BeTpe OKa3bIBaJIOCb 3aTpy.u;HeHHbIM. 3TO 061>-
HCH.HeTCH oc06eHHOCTJlMH IjJH3HqeCKHX B3aHMO,ll;ellCTBHH IIPH BKJIIOqeHHH Ii IIa-
paJIJIenbHOH pa60Te B ceTH Ar H cr.
(1itftHt{dmfti-M
4c Ar
PlfC. 5.9. PerlfcTporpaMMbI pe3mMa napaJIJIeJIbHOii pa60Tbi C ceTblO AB3Y- 6 - 4
Uplf nopblBlfcTOM oeTpe C ClfHXpOHHblM If aClfHxpoHHblM reHepaTopaMIf
POTOp BKJIIOqaeMOrO cr Ii pOTOp « 0606llIeHHOrm) cr MOIl{HOll ceTH
HMeIOT o.u;HHaKOBYIO IIpOCTpaHCTBeHnyIO opHeHTa HIO, TO eCTb CHHXpOHH3HpO-
BaHbI, H B IIpouecce napaJIneJIbHOH pa60TbI CMeIl{eHHe OCH paCCMaTpHBaeMoro
cr IIpOHCXO,ll;liT B He60nbruHx IIpe.u;enax yrna 8, OIIpe,ll;eJIHeMOrO BenHqHHOH
HarpY3K11 cr. IIp11 8 > nl2 cr BbIIIa,ll;aeT li3 CHHXpoHH3Ma.
POTOp Ar, IIepeMeIl{aHCb OTHOCHTenbHO IIOJIH cTaTopa co CKOnbJKeHHeM
S, He CBH3aH CTpOr11M npOCTpaHCTBeHHbIM COBMellIeHHeM C OCbIO pe3ynbTH-
pYIOIl{ero MarH11THOrO IIOJIH Ii B IIpouecce 113MeHeHHH Harpy3KH qaCTOTa ero
BpallIeHHH H3MeHHeTCH. 3neKTpOMarHiiTHaH CBH3b Mej[()J;y BpaIl{aIOIl{HMCH IIO-
neM H pOTOpOM «CMHr'IaeTCH» H3MeHHIOIl{HMCH CKOJIbJKeHHeM, qTO CKa3bIBaeTCH
Ha 3HaqHTeJIbHOM CHHJKeHHH «6HeHHH » HaIIpHJKeHHH, aMIInHTY,ll;a 06MeHHbIX
Kone6aH11H MOIl{HOCT11 IIpHMepHO B TPH pa3a MeHbrue, qeM B cr, a IIepexo.u;HbIe
npoueCCbI IIPH BHe3anHOM H3MeHeHHH HarpY3KIi IIpaKTH'IeCKIi OTCYTCTBYIOT.
II
1 I II
I111
',' I II
I
1111 1 II
II:
!if I
"II
I
II
II
I
I
I
II
I'
,
242
Pa60Ta AM, nO,QKnIO"IeHHOM K ceTM,
B reHepaTopHoM pe>KMMe
243
rnaBa 5. ACMHxpoHHble reHepaTopbl
IIpH BKJIIOqeHHH B ceTb TaKJKe He Tpe6yeTcJI IIpOCTpaHCTBeHHoro COBMeIl{eHHH
BpaIl{aIOIl{HXCJI Macc BKJIIOqaeMOrO H pa6OTaIOIl{erO reHepaTopOB, BpeMH IIepe-
xo.u;Horo npouecca ,lI;JIH Ar COKpaIl{aeTCH, a B03HHKaIOIl{He B ero KOHrypax TOKH
H 3neKTpOMarHHTHbIe MOMeHTbI IIO cpaBHeHHIO C cr 3HaqHTenbHO YMeHbrua-
IOTCJI.
Ha pHC. 5.10 nOKa3aHbI oCUHJIJIOrpaMMbI H3MeHeHHH TOKOB Harpy3KH H
HarrpJlJKeHHH IIPH CHHXpoHH3aWIH ,lI;BYX Ar O,ll;HHaKOBoH MOIl{HOCTH [25]. Yron
paccornacoBaHHH ljJa3 reHepaTopoB IIepe,u; HX BKJIIOqeHHeM Ha IIapaJInenbHYIO
pa60TY COCTaBHn IIpHMepHo 100°, IIPH 3TOM aMnJIHry.u;bI IIepexo.u;HbIX TOKOB
060HX Ar He npeBbIlliaIOT 3HaqeHHJI (5 - 6) I H . IIpH nO,ll;06HbIX paccornacoBa-
HHHX Y cr MaKCHMaJIbHbIH ypaBHHTenbHbIH TOK .u;OCTHraeT (20 - 30) I H H IIpe)l;-
CTaBJIHeT OIIaCHOCTb .u;JIH 06MOTOK JlKOpH H .u;eMIIljJepHbIx 06MOTOK pOTOpOB.
3MBT, Pa,ll;yra-l (POCCHH) - P H = 1 MBT H ,lI;pyrHe, pa60TaIOIl{He C IIepeMeHHoH
'IaCTOH BpallIeHHH. B pH.u;e cnyqaeB ,lI;JIH 3TOH u.enH Hcnonb3YIOTcJI aCHHxpoHH-
311pOBaHHbIe cr.
5.4. AcnHxpoHHaH MamnHa C )J.BYXCJIOHHLIM pOTOpOM
B reHepaTopHoM pemnMe
5.4.1. ACHHXpOHHblH ,/:{BHraTeJIL cepHH AH111-4
C ,/:{BYXCJIOHHLIM pOTOpOM
II-.fi,A
40
20
J/-.fi.A 0 t
-20
40 -40
20
0
-20 t
u/-.fi,B
230
0
-230
ABHraTenb 3Toro THIIa npOH3BO,ll;CTBa XapbKoBcKoro 3M3 BbIIIycKaeTcH C
3aJIHTbIM aJIIOMHHHeM KOpoTK03aMKHYTbIM pOTOpOM H HMeeT cne)l;yIOIl{He nac-
nOpTHbIe .u;aHHbIe: PH = 115 KBT; Un = 380 B; coe.u;HHeHHe 1jJa3 - f-; In = 253A;
coscp = 0,78; 11 = 86%; r<!>75 = 0,1 OM; MaCCa AJJ: - 845 Kr; KJIacc H30nHUHH - H.
MaruHHa IIpe.u;Ha3HaqeHa B OCHOBHOM .u;JIH cy.u;OBoro 3neKTpOIIpOBo.u;a.
B ueJIHX YJIyqrueH11H ,lI;HHaMHqeCKHX xapaKTepHCTHK (orpaHHqeHHH IIYC-
KOBOro TOKa H YBenH'-leHHH IIycKOBoro MOMeHTa), OrpaHHqeHHH BJIH}lHHJI Ha
CeTb H IIoBbIrueHHH Ha,ll;eJKHOCTH AA KOpOTK03aMKHYTbIe pOropbI 3aMeHeHbI
.u;ByxcnoHHbIMH [98]. Bce 3JIeKTpOMarnHTHbIe paCqeTbI BbIIIonHeHbI Ha 3BM C
Hcnonb30BaHHeM OIITHMH3aU.HOHHbIX IIporpaMM. JJ:ByxcnoHHbIe pOTOpbI H3ro-
TOBJIeHbI H3 JKeJIe30-Me.u;HbIX CIIJIaBOB, HMeIOIl{HX y.u;eJIbHOe 3JIeKTpHqeCKOe co-
IIpOTHBJIeHHe p = (1,4 - 1,44)10- 7 OM.M, HH.u;yKIJ;HIO HaCbIIl{eHHH Bs = (1,2 - 1,3)
TJI no TeXHOJIOrHH, onHcaHHoH B pa60Te [94]. Pa60qHe UHnHH,lI;pbI pOTOpOB
HMeIOT paCqeTHYIO TOJIIl{HHY h = 36 MM, Topu.oBbIe KOJIbua OTKOBaHbI H3 Me.u;H
MapKH M3, HMeIOT pa3MepbI h K = 50 MM, B K = 30 MM H IIpHBapeHbI Me.u;bIO K
TOPUaM UHJIHH,Llpa aproHo-.u;yroBoH cBapKoH. PHljJneHHe pOTOpOB BbIIIonHeHO
KpyroBbIMH IjJpe3aMH rJIy6HHoH 3MM, ruHpHHOH IMM H C paCCTOJlHHeM MeJK,lI;y
KaHaBKaMH 5 MM. B03.u;yruHbIH 3a30p YBeJIHqeH B cpe.u;HeM B 1, 5 pa3a IIO cpaB-
HeHHIO C HCXO.u;HbIM ,lI;BHraTeneM H COCTaBJIHeT 2,3 MM. B IIa3bI CTaTopa B O.u;HOM
AJJ: YCTaHOBJIeHbI MarH11THbIe KJIHHbH, B .u;pyroM IIpHMeHeHO KaIIcynHpOBaHHe
ljJeppoMarHHTHOH ,lI;H3neKTpHqeCKOH MaCCOH. B Ta6n. 5.1 cpaBHHBaIOTCJI oc-
HOBHbIe xapaKTepHcTHKU 3THX MaruHH .u;JIH IIpo.u;onJKHTenbHoro peJKHMa pa60-
TbI.
Ta6nHua 5.1
CpaBHHTeJIbHLle nOKaJaTeJIH A.ZJ: AHl11- 4 C llBYXCJIoiiHLlM pOTOpOM
PHC. 5.10. OCI.\HJIJIOrpaMMbI TOKOB npH BKJIlO"leHHH Ar Ha napaJIJIeJII,HYw pa60TY
Ha xapaKTepm::THKax Ar, pa6OTaIOIl{HX B B3Y, cYIl{eCTBeHHbIM 06pa30M
CKa3bIBaeTCH peJKHM YIIpaBneHHJI BeTpoKOJIeCoM. HaIIpHMep, C IIpHMeHeHHeM
ueHTp06eJKHOrO peryJIHTOpa CKOpOCTH, B03,l1;eHCTBYIOIl{erO Ha cHcTeMY rn.u;po-
IIpHBO,ll;a nonaCTeH, IIpOJlBJIHeTCH 3aMeTHOe KaqaHHe perynHTopa, OCJIOJKHHIO-
Il{ee IIapaJIJIenbHYIO pa60TY B3Y C CeTbIO (3KcIIepHMeHT Ha B3Y 100 KBT B
KOCTa-XOH,lI;, BeJIHK06pHTaHHH [116]). B pa60Te [116] OTMeqaeTCH TaK)Ke, qro
B3Y C Ar 60nbruoH e,ll;HHHqHOH MOIl{HOCTH IIpe,ll;IIOqTHTeJIbHO HCIIOJIb30BaTb B
peJKHMe IIepeMeHHoH 'laCTOTbI BpaIl{eHHH, 3aBHcHIl{eH OT CKOpOCTH BeTpa, qTO
n03BOJIHeT B 3HaqHTeJIbHOH CTeIIeHH IIOBbICHTb K031jJljJHUHeHT HCIIonb30BaHHH
3HeprnH BeTpa H, cOOTBeTCTBeHHO, BbIpa60TKY 3JIeKTp03HeprHH. TIpHMepoM
MorYT CJIYJKHTb B3Y cepHH TWIND (JJ:aH11Jl) C HOMHHaJIbHOH MOllIHOCTbIO PH =
2 MBT, MOD-5 (CIlIA) - PH = 3,2 MBT, GROWIAN-l (repMaH11H) - PH =
Tun cTaTopa P2, Ii> S, 11, cos cp :Ef-P,
KBT A % % KBT
C KancynHPoBaHHeM 90 260 1,95 81,2 0,66 21,4
C MarHHTHbIMH KJIHHb}lMH 90 280 2,15 83,4 0,58 18,0
III 1
244
rnaBa 5. ACMHXpoHHble reHepaTopbl
ACMHxpOHHaH MaWMHa C AByxcnoMHblM pOTOpOM
B reHepaTopHoM pe>KMMe
245
IfCXO.u;HbIH KOpoTK03aMKHYTbIH AJJ: HMeeT 3HaqHTeJIbHbIH 3aIIac IIO Ha-
rpeBY npH HOMHHaJIbHOH HarpY3Ke, II03TOMY IIPH ,u;ByxcnoHHoM pOTope OH MO-
JKeT 6bITb IIO TOKY HeCKonbKO IIeperpYJKeH.
o_e In
6
,I III
II,
II II
I
in
4
o
0.4
PHC. 5.11. OCI.\HJIJIOrpaMMbI nycKa A)J;
AH 111 = 4 C pa3JIH'IHLIMH pOTOpa1\1H
HeHO qepe3 HH.u;YKIJ;HOHHbIH peryJIHTOp IfP H BbIIIpHMHTeJIbHbIH MOCT B, c06-
paHHbIH no cxeMe flapHoHoBa. IIHTaHHe 06MOTKU B036YJK,lI;eHHH IIA - He3aBH-
CHMoe, TOK B OB He perynHpyeTCH. IIJIaBHoe H3MeHeHHe qaCTOTbI BpaIl{eHHJI
nJJ: .u;OCTHraeTCH 3a CqeT perynHpoBaHHJI BbIXO,ll;HOrO HaIIpHJKeHHH IfP. Ar ,?O)l;-
KJIIOqaeTCH K ceTH qepe3 aBTOMaTHqeCKHH BbIKJIIOqaTeJIb A, ,lI;JIH H3MepeHHH HC-
Honb30BaH H3MepHTeJIbHbIH K-505 co nrraTHbIMH ,lI;OIIOJIHHTeJIbHbIMH YCT-
pOHCTBaMH. 380 6
CKOpOCTb BpaIl{eHHJI
MaruHH H qaCTOTa ceTH
H3MepHnHCb C HCIIonb30-
BaHHeM IIpH60pOB C UHIj:>-
pOBbIM OTCqeTOM.. IIepe,ll;
HcnbITaHHeMHanpaBJIeHHH
BpallIeHWI Ar H IIA 6bInH
cornaCOBaHbI nyreM IIO-
Oqepe,ll;HOrO HX IIYCKa B
XOJl.. IIpH BKJIIOqeHHH Ar
B ceTb IIO,ll; HarpY3KY OH
nepBOHaqaJIbHO IIpHBO-
.u;HJICH BO BpaIIIeHHe co
CTOpOHbI TI)J: co CKOpO-
CTbIO, 6nH3KOH K CHH-
XpOHHOH, Ii ,lI;aJIee IIO,ll;-
Puc. 5.12. CxeMa 3KcnepUMeHTaJIbHOii YCTIlHOBKH
KJIlOqaJICH K ceTH B peJKH- Jl,JIH reuepaTopHoro pex.;uMa AM AH 111- 4
Me XOJIOCTOrO xo.u;a. 3aTeM
nYTeM IIOBbIrneHHH HaIIpHJKeHHJI TI)J: CKOpOCTb MaruHH YBeJIHqHBaJIaCb H YCTa-
HaBJIHBaJIaCb OIIpe,ll;eneHHaH HarpY3Ka Ar, pa60TalOllIero Ha ceTb.
IIoTpe6JIHeMaH TI)J: MOIl{HOCTb H3 ceTH OIIpe,ll;eJIHnaCb IIO pe3YJIbTaTaM
li3MepeHHH TOKa HKOpH Ia H HaIIpJlJKeHHH U a :
c
If3 Ta6JI. 5.1 cne;yeT, qTO
IIPH KaIIcYJIHpOBaHHH IIa30B CTa-
Topa ,lI;OCTHraeTCH 60JIee BbICOKHH
COS <j>, o.u;HaKO IIpe.u;IIOqTeHHe CJIe-
.u;yeT OT,lI;aTb .u;BHraTeJIIO C MarnHT-
HbIMH KJIHHbHMH, HMeIOllIeMY 60-
JIee BbICOKHH (Ha 2,2% Bblrue)
KTIJJ: H 60JIee HH3KHe (Ha 2,4 KBT
HHJKe) cYMMapHbIe IIoTepH. B 060-
HX CJIyqaHX HarpeB 06MOTKM CTa-
Topa He IIpeBbIruaeT .u;OIIYCTHMOH
.u;JIH IIpHHHToro KJIaCca CHCTeMbI
H30JIHUHH.
Ha pHC. 5.11 npHBe.u;eHbI pe3ynbTaTbI 06pa60TKH OCUMJIJIorpaMM IIpHMO-
1'0 IIYCKa ,lI;BHraTeJIeH C Pa3JIHqHbIMH pOTopaMH, rrpoBe.u;eHHoro Ha 3aBO.u;CKOM
CTeH.u;e OT MOIl{HOH ceTH. KaK IIO .u;JIHTeJIbHOCTH, TaK H IIO xapaKTepy H3MeHe-
HHH TOKa B npouecce IIycKa AJJ: C .u;BYXCJIOHHbIM pOTOpOM nOKa3bIBaeT rrp11HUH-
IIHaJIbHO HOBbIe KaqeCTBa B ,lI;HHaMHqeCKHX peJKHMaX pa60TbI.
,I
I
III
5.4.2. IfcnbITaHHe AM AHlll-4 c .u;BYXCJlOHHblM pOTOpOM
B reHepaTopHoM p HMe
XapaKTepHCTHKa HCnbITaTeJIbHOH YCTaHoBKH:
1. IIpHBo.u;HoH .u;BHraTenb II-92: HOMHHaJIbHaH MOIIIHOCTb - 86 KBT; HO-
MHHaJIbHOe HaIIpJlJKeHHe - 230 B; HOMMHaJI'bHbIH TOK - 374 A; HOMHHaJIbHbIe
060POTbI - 1450 06/MHH; KTIA - 88%; 06MoTKa B036YE.u;eHHH - He3aBHCHMaH,
U B = 115 B; COIIpOTHBJIeHHH 06MOTOK - Ra = 0,021 OM, R):(TI = 0,0069 OM, R.c=
=0,0019 OM, RoB = 48,4 OM.
2. HH.u;YKIIMOHHbIH perymrrop: U I = 400 B; U2 = 20 - 360 B; I H = 250 A.
3. BbIIIpHMHTenbHoe YCTPOHCTBO: U H = 250 B; I H = 400 A.
4.H3MepHTeJIb CKOpOCTH BpaIIIeHHH Vibrotest M496, qaCTOTOMep
<:D450q3, H3Mep11TenbHbIH KOMIIneKT K-505 C TpaHclj:>opMaTOpoM TOKa YTT-5H,
TaxoMeTp qaCOBOH TqlO-P, aMIIepMeTpbI, BonbTMeTpbI, rnYHTbI.
IfCIIbITaHHH IIpOBe,ll;eHbI Ha CTeH,u;e CP3 r. CeBaCTOIIOJIJI IIPH pa60Te Ar
Ha ceTb 60nbruoH MOIl{HOCTH. IIpHHUHnHaJIbHaH cxeMa YCTaHOBKH npHBe.u;eHa
Ha pHC. 5.12.
ACHHXpOHHbIH reHepaTop COqJIeHeH C MaruHHoH IIOCTOHHHoro TOKa THna
IIM-92 Ha O,ll;HOM Ij:>YH,u;aMeHTe. IIHTaHHe IIpHBo.u;Horo .u;BHraTeJIH TI)J: BbIIIon-
I'
I,
'I
I
B
PJl)J, = UaIa [BT]. (5.39)
MOIl{HOCTb P Af, OT,lI;aBaeMaH reHepaTopoM B ceTb - IIO nOKa3aHHJlM
BaTTMeTpa IIpH60pa K-505. _
)J:pyme IIapaMeTpbI Ar H IIoTepH B 3ileKTpiiQeCKHX MarnHHax - IIO CuOT-
HorneHHHM:
IIOnHaH MOIl{HOCTb
SAT =..f3.u J ,JJl [BA];
K031j:>Ij:>Hl{HeHT MOllIHOCTH
PAT
CDS rp = r-;
",,3'UJlIJl
peaKTHBHaH MOIl{HOCTb
(5.40)
PAT.
SAT '
(5.41)
III
I!I
II!:
11111111
I
I
I!I!
I
,
II! I
IIII
I!
II
III
1 1 1 111
I I1I I
III
I I
1"1 1
ill I
11'1
!III
I I 1I
246
Pa60Ta aCMHxpOHHoro reHepaTopa B aBTOHOMHOM pe>KMMe
247
rnaBa 5. ACMHXpoHHble reHepaTopbl
5.5. Pa60Ta aCHHxpoHHoro reHepaTopa B aBTOHOMHOM pe HMe
QAr = SAr2 -PAr 2 [Bap],
(5.42)
5.5.1. npHH Hn ,lJ,eiiCTBHH aCHHxpOHHoro reHepaTopa
CKOnbJKeHHe
s = n} -n2 100%.
n}
IIpH paccMoTpeHHH IIpHHUHIIa .u;eHcTBHH AJJ: H IjJH3HqeCKHX npoueccoB
lIpH ero IIepeXO,ll;e B reHepaTopHbIH peJKHM 6bIJIO IIOKa3aHO, qTO BO Bcex cnyqa-
HX AM IIOTpe6JIHeT H3 ceTH peaKTHBHYIO MOIl{HOCTb, He06xo,ll;HMYIO .u;JIH C03.u;a-
HHH MarHHTHOrO IIOJIH. IIpH aBToHoMHOH pa60Te AM B reHepaTopHoM peJKHMe
MarnHTHoe IIone B B03.u;YIIIHOM 3a30pe C03,l1;aeTCH B pe3YJIbTaTe B3aHMo.u;eHCTBHH
M):(C Bcex ljJa3 H MJJ:C 06MOTKH pOTOpa. XapaKTep pacIIpe,ll;eneHHH MAC TOq-
HO TaKOH JKe, KaK H B AJJ:, OH TaKJKe OIIpe,ll;eJIHeT xapaKTep pacIIpe.u;eJIeHHH Mar-
HHTHOro nonH Ha IIonIOCHOM ,lI;eneHHH. B Ar 3TOT IIOTOK BeCbMa 6JIH30K K CH-
HYCOH)l;aJIbHOMY H IIPH BpaIl{eHHH pOTopa HH,lI;YKTHpyeT B ljJa3ax CTaTopa H B
06MOTKe pOTopa 3JJ:C E\ H E2 , KOTopbIe MOJKHO IIPHHHTb CHHYCOH,u;aJIbHbIMH.
B OTJIH'IHe OT AJJ: B Ar B ,lI;aHHOM cnyqae 3JJ:C E\ H E2 HBnHIOTCH aKTHB-
HbIM11, IIo.u;lIep)KI1BaIOT TOK B COOTBeTCTBYlOllIHX u.eIIJlX H B HarpY3Ke, IIO.u;KJIIO-
qeHHOH K BbIXO.u;HbIM 3aJKHMaM.
B YCTaHoBHBIlleMcH peJKHMe
pa60TbI OCHOBHbIe cooTHorueHHH .u;JIH
Ar C caMoB036YJKlIeHHeM OIIpe.u;en.H-
IOTC.H H3 cxeMbI 3aMellIeHHH (PHC.
5.13), aHaJIOrHqHOH cxeMe Ha pHC. 5.7.
OCHoBHoe oTnHqHe TOJIbKO B TOM, qTO
K ee BbIBO,ll;aM IIO,ll;KJIIOqeHO COIIpO-
THBJIeHHe Harpy3KH ZH = R H +jX H H
KOH.u;eHcaTopbI .u;JIH 06eCIIeqeH11H caMO-
B036YJK,lI;eHUH H peryJIHpOBaHHH Ha-
IIpHJKeHHH IIPH H3MeHeHHH Harpy3KH
Ar C COIIpOTHBJIeHHHMH Xc = 1/roC H X CK = l/(oC K , a ypaBHeHHH 3neKTpHqe-
CKoro paBHOBeCHH HMeIOT BH,lI;
(5.43)
Pe3ynbTaTbI H3MepeHHH H paCqeTOB IIO npHBe.u;eHHbIM BbIrue cOOTHorue-
HHHM .u;JIH pa3JIHqHOrO ypOBHH Harpy3KU Ar IIpHBe,ll;eHbI B Ta6n. 5.2.
X Ta6nHua 5.2
apaKTepHcTHKH Ar AHlll- 4 npH napaJlJleJILHOH pa60Te C CeTLIO
N!! If3MepeHo PaCCqHTaHO
II/II P, U c , IAf, n* I Tm' UaTm, I Pm!>
, SAf, cos<j> QAf, S,
KBT B A 06/MHH
B KBan KBaD %
1 41,4 346 161,5 KBT
1508 200 276 96,7 0,43 87,3 55,2 2,0
2 64,2 339 198,0
1516 310 274 116 0,55 96,7 85,0 2,5
3 86,4 334 232,0
1525 400 276 134 0,63 103,9 110,4 3,1
4 102,6 329 282,0 1532 490 272 160,6 0,64 123,8
* qa 133,3 3,6
CTOTa ceTH 49,31 ru.
3a HOMHHaJIbHbIH peJKHM BbI6paH peJKHM 3, ,lI;JIH KOToporo IIpoBe.u;eHa
IIpO,ll;OnJKHTenbHaH pa60Ta Ar Ha ceTb B TeqeHHe 1,5 qaCOB ,lI;O YCTaHoBHBrueHcH
TeMIIepaTypbI HarpeBa (8 YCT = 62°C) oxnaJK,lI;aIOIIJ.erO B03,l1;yxa Ha BbIxo.u;e Ar.
CYMMapHbIe nOTepH B 3neKTpHqeCKHX MaruHHax .u;JIH 3Toro peJKHMa co-
CTaBHllH
[2
s
6.P Ar+MITT = 110,4 - 84,6=25,8 KBT.
IIoTepH B Mill (IIO ,lI;aHHbIM 3KCIIepHMeHTa H paCqeToB):
(6.P MEX +6.PCT +6.P )MITT = 3,755 KBT;
6.PJlMITT = Ia2 6.Pc + 6.Ull\I a = 5,2 KBT;
6.PMIIT:::: 9,0 KBT.
IIoTepH B Ar B HOMHHaJIbHOM peJKHMe
6.PAr =25,8 - 9,0 = 16,8 KBT.
PRC. "5.13. 3JIeKTpR'IeCKaH cxeM3 :J3Me-
lI(eHRH 3BTOHOMHoro Ar
v} = £} -i}r} -id x \,
i\ =io +(-i 2 ).
(5.44)
(5.45)
KTIJJ: Ar
IIpH 3TOM
E} = 4,44fWiK o6 \cP Om "" E 2 .
(5.46)
11H = (1 - 16,8/101,2)100% = 83,4 %.
He06xo.u;HMO 06paTHTb BHHMaHHe Ha TO 06CTOHTeJIbCTBO, '-!TO BeJIHqHHa
CKOnbJKeHHH AM B reHepaTopHoM peJKHMe HeCKonbKO BbIrue, qeM B .u;BHraTenb-
HO . 3TO 06YCJIOBJIeHO nOHHJKeHHbIM HaIIpHJKeHHeM ceTH (B Cpe)]HeM Ha 10 _
11 Yo), qTO IIpHBO,ll;HT K YMeHbllieHHIO ( B CTeIIeH H K 2.4 ) Be '
_ u ,...,qHHbI MaKCHMaJIb-
HOH 3JIeKTpOMarHHTHOH MOIl{HOCTH, CHlfJKeHHIO JKeCTKOCTH MeXaHHqeCKOH xa-
paKTepHCTHKH.
KaK BH,u;HO, HaIIpHJKeHHe U\ IIPH pa60Te IIO,ll; Harpy3KOH H3MeH.HeTCH KaK
3a CqeT IIa,ll;eHHH HaIIpJlJKeHHJI Ha COIIpOTHBJIeHHJlX r\ H XI. TaK H 3a CqeT CHH-
>KeHHH MarHHTHOrO nOTOKa <:D Om , CBJl3aHHOrO C pa3MarHH'IHBaIOIUUM ,lI;eHCTBH-
eM M):(C pOTopa. EeJIH MarnHTHaH uenb Ar BbIIIonHeHa C ,lI;OCTaTOqHO CHJIb-
II
I
II
'I
248
rnaaa 5. ACMHXpoHHble reHepaTopbl
HbIM HaCbIIl{eHHeM, TO IIOTOK <:D Om OCTaeTCH IIO'lTH IIOCTOHHHbIM H HaIIpHJKeHHe
U I IIPH YBenHqeHHH HarpY3KH H3MeHHeTCH B MeHbIIIeH CTeIIeHH; a ero BHeruHHH
xapaKTepHCTHKa IIOJIyqaeTcH 60JIee «JKeCTKOH».
CIIoc06bI perynHpoBaHmJ HaIIpHJKeHHH U 1 aBTOHOMHoro Ar 6y,u;YT pac-
CMOTpeHbI HHJKe.
IIII
III
5.5.2. CaMoB03fiYiK)J;eHHe aCHHxpoHHoro reHepaTopa
I
1111
Oco6eHHocmu Ca.M06036Y3lci)eHuR Ar. KaK OIIHcaHO BbIrue, AJJ:, IIO,u;-
KJIIOqeHHbIH K TpexljJa3HoH ceTH IIepeMeHHoro TOKa, IIPH qaCTOTe BpallIeHHH
pOTopa, 60nbIIIe, qeM qaCTOTa BpaIIIeHHH IIonH cTaTopa, IIepeXO.u;HT B reHepa-
TOpHbIH peJKHM H OT,u;aeT B ceTb aKTHBHYW MOIl{HOCTb, IIOTpe6JIHH H3 ceTH pe-
aKTHBHYIO MOIIIHOCTb, He06xo,u;HMYIO ,u;JIH C03,l1;aHHH BpallIaIOllIerocH MarHHTHO-
1'0 IIonH B3aHMHoH HH)J;yKUHH. TOpM03HOH 3JIeKTpOMarHHTHbIH MOMeHT, ,aeHcT-
BYIOIl{HH Ha pOTope, IIpeo,u;OJIeBaeTCH IIpHBO,ll;HbIM ,u;BHraTeneM - ,u;H3eneM, rH,u;-
pOTyp6HHOH, BeTpo,u;BHraTeJIeM H T.II.
JJ:JIH B036YJK,u;eHHJI aBTOHOMHO pa60TaIOIl{erO Ar He06xo,u;HMO HaJIH'IHe
HCTOqHHKa peaKTHBHoH MOIl{HOCTIf - 6aTapeH KOH,u;eHcaTopoB HJIH CHHXpOHHO-
1'0 KOMIIeHcaTopa, IIo,u;KJIIOqeHHbIX K 06MoTKe cTaTopa, IIpH 3TOM IIOqTH eCTe-
CTBeHHOll npe,ll;cTaBJIHeTCH pa60Ta Ar UpH cBepxcHHxpOHHOM CKOJIbJKeH11H, KO-
r,u;a CKOpOCTb BpaIl{eHHH pOTopa BbIrue CKOpOCTH BpaIIIaIOIl{erOCH MarnHTHoro
IIOJIH. O,u;HaKo IIpaKT11qeCKH Ar MOJKeT B036YJK,u;aTbcH IIPH qaCTOTe BpallIeH11H
pOTopa, 3HaqHTeJIbHO MeHbrueH CHHXpOHHOH, IIpHqeM 3HaqeH11H HanpHJKeHHH H
'IaCTOTbI TOKa OKa3bIBaIOTCH IIpOIIOPUHOHaJIbHbIMll qaCTOTe BpallIeHHH pOTopa
H, KpoMe Toro, 3aBHCHIl{HMH OT cxeMbI COe,ll;HHeHHH KOH;lI.eHCaTopoB. TaK, B
3KcIIepHMeHTe ( IIO OIIbITHbIM ;lI.aHHbIM rJI. HHJK. IIlTeljJaHa A.M. (HK 3M3, 1'.
H.KaxoBKa)) KOH,u;eHcaTopHbIll Ar THIIa AIfPYI12-M2 lIpH coe,u;11HeHliH 6aTa-
peH KOH,u;eHcaTopoB eMKOCTbIO 3x120 MK<:D B «3Be3,u;y» B036YJK,u;aeTcJI IIPH CKO-
pOCTH TIp = 2133 06/M11H C HaIIpHJKeHHeM Uq, = 60 B H TOKOM ljJa3bI Iq, = 0,8 A, a
IIPH coellHHeHHH Tex JKe KOH,u;eHcaTopoB B «TpeyronbHHK» HanpHJKeHHe Uq, =
=52 B H TOK Iq, = I,4A B03HHKaIOT IIPH CKOpOCTH TIp = 1265 06/MHH.
BecbMa HHTepecHoe HBJIeHHe Ha6JIIO,u;anocb B Ar cepHH AIfMH90-L4
npH BKJIIOqeHHH eMKOCTH 40 MK<:D TOJIbKO B O,ll;HY H3 Tpex ljJa3. B 3TOM cnyqae
B036YJK,lI;eHHe HacTynHno IIPH CKOpOCTH TI2 = 1369 06/MHH C napaMeTpaMH Uq, =
=209 B, 1= 1,29 A, f= 44 ru. IIp11 eMKOCTH C = 60 MK<1>, BKJIIOqeHHOH B OlIHY
83 1jJa3, IIapaMeTpbI B036YJK,lI;eHHH 6bIJIH paBHbI: TI2 = 1300 06/MHH, Uq, = 500 B,
I = 6,4 A, f = 124 rD.. IIpH YBeJIHqeHHH qaCTOTbI BpallIeHHH pOTopa ,lI;O CHH-
XpOHHOH (1500 06/MHH) Ha6JIIO,u;aJIOCb YBeJIHqeHHe qaCTOTbI TOKa ,u;o 400rIJ;. J3
HeKOTopbIX CJIyqaHX, Ha060pOT, He y,ll;aBaJIOCb ,u;06HTbCJI YCTOHqHBOrO B036YJK-
,u;eHHH Ar ,lI;aJKe IIPH CBepXCHHxpOHHOll qaCTOTe BpaIl{eHHH pOTopa. HanpHMep,
,u;JIH HaMarHHqeHHbIX rna,u;KHX CTaJIbHOrO MaCCHBHoro H llIHXTOBaHHoro pOTO-
1111
II ,
'111 1 1111
!
!
I
r
-
Pa60T8 aCMHxpOHHoro reHepaTopa B aBTOHOMHOM pe>KMMe
249
pOB CaMOB036YJK,u;eHHH He B03HHKano IIPH nro6bIX BenHqHHaX IIpHCOe,ll;HHeHHOH
eMKOCTH.
AJIH MaCCHBHoro CTaJIbHOrO pOTopa C TOHKHM 3KpaHOM H3 Me,u;H, a TaKJKe
,u;JIH MaCCHBHoro CTaJIbHOrO 3y6qaTOrO pOTopa C TOPUOBbIMH Me,u;HbIMH KOHua-
MH Ar yCTOHqHBO B036YJK,u;aeTCJI IIPH paCqeTHOM 3HaqeHHH eMKOCTH. ACHH-
XpOHHaH MaruHHa C rna,u;KHMH pOTopaMH H3 Me,ll; HJIH aJIIOMHH11H B036yJK,lI;aeT-
CJl6e3 KaKHX-JIH60 ,u;OIIonHHTenbHbIX B03,l1;eHCTBHH H3BHe.
TaKHM 06pa30M, cpH3HqeCKHe IIpOD.eCCbI caMOB036YJK,lI;eHHH Ar C 1I0n-
HbIM OCHOBaHHeM MOJKHO OTHecTH K He,ll;OCTaTOqHO H3yqeHHbIM, '-!TO cBH3aHO,
IIO HarueM Y MHeHHIO C IIpeHMYllIeCTBeHHbIM HCIIOJIb30BaHHeM llO HacTOHllIero
, 6 Hero Teo p HH P aCqeT-
BpeMeHH AM B KaqeCTBe ,lI;BHraTeJIH, C pa3pa OTKOH ,u;JIH ,
HbIX MeTO,ll;HK H IIpoeKTHpOBaHHH, a llJI5I reHepaTopHoro peJKHMa 3TH MaruHHbI
IIpoeKTHpOBaJIHCb H BbIIIYCKaJIUCb ,lI;OCTaTOqHO pe,u;KO.
B MaJIOMOIl{HbIX CHCTeMax reHepHpOBaH11H IIpHMeHHIOTCH, KaK npaBHJIO,
AM IIpe,ll;Ha3HaqeHHbIe ,u;JIH pa60TbI B ,u;BHraTeJIbHOM peJKHMe C KOH,u;eHcaTop-
HbI B036YJK,u;eHHeM, O,ll;HaKO IIpHMeHHIOTcH 11 ,lI;pyrHe perueHHH, KOTopbIe 6y-
,lI;YT paccMoTpeHbI B ,lI;aHHOH rnaBe.
6 -' HUll Ha n rp UHlIune ocmamo'lHoii
OnucaHue npo'{ecca Cll.M0603 'Y 3ICue .,
Hll.MaZHU'leHHOcmu .MaZHUmHoii '{enu.
COBpeMeHHbIe pa60TbI IIO ca-
MOB036YJK,u;eHHIO Ar C nOMollIbIO
CTaTHqeCK11X KOH,lI;eHCaTopOB IIO-
CTpoeHbI Ha Tpex IIo,u;xo,u;ax. O,u;HH
H3 HHX 6a311pyeTCH Ha IIpHHD.HIIe
OCTaTOqHOH HaMarHH'-IeHHOCTH Mar-
HHTHOH ueIIH MaruHHbI, HaqaJIbHaH
3JJ:C OT KOTOpOH 3aTeM YCHnHBaeT-
CH eMKOCTHbIM TOKOM B cTaTope
[115]. PaccMoTpHM 3TOT IIO,u;XO,u;.
ABTOHOMHaJI pa60Ta Ar B
peJK11Me caMoB036YJK,u;eHHH OT nOTOKa oCTaTOqHOrO HaMarnHqHBaHHH B03MOJK-
Ha eCJIH K BbIBO,ll;aM 06MOTKH cTaTopa IIO,ll;KJIIOqHTb KOH,aeHcaTopbI, He06xo,ll;H-
M e KaK llCTOqHHK peaKTHBHOH MOIl{HOCTH Qr ;lI.JIH B036YJK,u;eHHH MarHHTHOrO
IIOJIH Ar, a IIp11 ero pa60Te Ha aKTHBHo-HH)J;yKTHBHYIO HarpY3KY 3TH KOH,lI;eHca-
TOpbI ,u;OJIJKHbI CJIYJKHTb HCTO'-iHHKOM peaKTHBHOH MOllIHOCTH QH H ,u;JIH HarpyJ-
KH (PHC. 5.14). a
IIpouecc caMoB036Yj[()J;eHHH Ar IIpOHCXO,u;HT TaK JKe, KaK y reHepaTop
IIOCTOHHHoro TOKa, IIPH ycnoBHH HaJIHqHH MarHHTHOrO IIOTOKa OCTaTOqHOrO
"" II p H B p aIl{eHHH P OTopa OT IIpHBo,u;Horo ,lI;BHraTeJIH
HaMarHHqHBaHHH ""OCT' 03 U
(TIA) 3TOT IIOTOK HH,u;YKTHpyeT B 06MoTKe cTaTopa 3JJ:C E OCT :::; (0,02-0, ) H,
KOTOpaH BbI3bIBaeT B KOH,lI;eHCaTopax C TOK.
M 3
Q Q C Q
r H
-. -. -.
PUC. 5.14. CxeMa KOH)leHCaTopHOI:O 803-
6y eHuH aCUHxpOHHOI:O reHepaTOpa
III
I '
"
1 1 : 1 II
ill"
I
I'I!
'II
1'1
!I
- .
250
rnaBa 5. ACMHXpoHHble reHepaTopbl
Pa60T8 aCMHxpoHHoro reHepaTopa B aBTOHOMHOM pe>KMMe
25]
3TOT TOK, 6y,u;yqH eMKOCTHbIM (oIIepeJKaIOllIHM), IIpOTeKaH IIO 06MoTKe
cTaTopa, IIO,ll;MarHHqHBaeT Ar, YCIfJIHBaeT <:DOCT> qTO IIpHBO,u;HT K B03paCTaHifIO
3JJ:C E OCT , ,u;aJIbHeHrueMY pocry TOKa II IIOTOKa H T.,u;. (pHC. 5.15, a). OKOH-
qaHHe IIpouecca caMoB036YJK,u;eHHH cOOTBeTcTByeT TOqKe Ao IIepece eHHH xa-
paKTepHCTHKH xonOCToro XO,ll;a (xapaKTepHcTHKIf HaMarHHqllBaHwI) Ar C
BonbT-aMIIepHoH xapaKTepHcTHKOH KOH,u;eHcaTopHoH 6aTapeH (IcXc) IIplf 3JJ:C
Eo H TOKe CTaTopa Ico. HaIIpJlJKeHHe Ha reHepaTope 3aBHCHT OT eMKOCTH KOH-
,lI;eHcaTopoB: qeM MeHbrue eMKOCTb C, TeM 60nbrue yron <Xo. IIpH MaJIbIX 3Haqe-
HHHX eMKOCTH C Kp xapaKTepHcTHKa [cXc He nepeceKaeTCH C xapaKTepHCTHKOH
XOJIOCTOrO XO,ll;a H reHepaTOp He B036YJK,u;aeTCH.
Qc = mUcIc = Qr + QH = Prtgrpr + PHtgrpH = PH (tgrpr + tgrpH)' (5.49)
He06xo,ll;HMaH eMKOCTb KOH,u;eHcaTopoB MOJKeT 6bITb paCCqHTaHa H3 co-
oTHorueHHH
2
1 U c mlU c
x - - -
c - wlc -I;-
(5.50)
HllH
PH (tgrpr + tgrpH)
2
mlwlU c
u
1
Qc
c=
2
mlwlU c
r,ll;e (01 = 21tf l - yrJIOBaH qaCTOTa.
KaK BH,u;HO 1f3 (5.51), lIpH If3MeHeHHH BenHqHHbI HarpY3Ku Ar eMKOCTb
KOH,lI;eHCaTOpoB He06xo,ll;HMO perynHpoBaTb. ECTecTBeHHo, qTO ee HYJKHO pery-
JIHpOBaTb H IIPH H3MeHeHHH yrJIa <PH Harpy3KIf.
Macca H pa3MepbI KOH,u;eHcaTopHoH 6aTapeH, He06xo,u;HMOH ,u;JIH aB-
TOHOMHoro Ar, KaK IIpaBHno, MorYT IIpeBocxo,u;HTb Maccy Ar H TonbKO IIPH
COS <PH = 1 Macca KOH,u;eHCaTOpoB COIIOCTaBHMa C MaccoH Ar.
Maccora6apHTHbIe If CTOHMOCTHbIe IIOKa3aTenH KOH,lI;eHCaTOpHbIx CHC-
reM caMOB036YJK,u;eHHH H perynHpoBaHHH HaIIpHJKeHHH aBTOHOMHbIX Ar He
IIpe,ll;CTaBnHIOTCH HeIIpeo,u;OJIMMbIMH - B IIocne,ll;HHe rO,ll;bI pa3pa60TaHbI IIOJIH-
IIpOIIHJIeHOBbIe nneHOqHbIe KOH,u;eHcaTOpbI THIIOB II)K 11 TIT, HMeIOIl{He
BIIonHe IIpHeMneMbIe y,u;eJIbHbIe IIOKa3aTenH: my,!! = (0,1 - 0,2) Kr/KBap npH f=
=400 ru H IIpHMepHo my,!! = (0,4 - 0,5) Kr/KBap IIPH f = 50 rU. flyqmHe
OTeqeCTBeHHbIe KOH,lI;eHCaTOpbI HMelOT my,!! = 0.32 Kr/KBT, a C yqeToM
KOHCTPYKTHBHbIX ljJaKTOpOB my,!! = 0,65 Kr/KBT.
Ha pHC. 5.16 IIOKa3aHbI oCUHnJIorpaMMbI HapaCTaHHJI ljJa3Horo HaIIpH-
JKeHHH ,u;JIH IIepeXO,ll;HOrO IIpouecca caMoB03.6YJK,u;eHHH Ar Ha OCHOBe AJJ: THna
SqI00L-4B co cne,u;YIOIl{HMH ,lI;aHHbIMH [48]: PH = 3 KBT, U H = 220/380 B, I H =
=12,0/6,9 A, nl = 1415 06/MHH, COS <PH = 0,81, TJH = 81%. PHC. 5.16, a COOTBeT-
CTByeT eMKOCTH 6aTapeH B036YJK,u;aIOIl{HX KOH,lI;eHCaTOpoB Ha ljJa3Y c,.= 75 MK<:D,
pHC. 5.16,6 - c,. = 125 MK<:D. B ueJIHX orpaHHqeHHH BnHJlHHH MarHHTHoro co-
CTOJlHHH AM Ha npoTeKaHHe IIepeXO,ll;HOrO IIpouecca KOH,u;eHCaTOp O,u;HOH H3
ljJa3 6bIJI IIpe,u;BapHTeJIbHO 3apHJKeH ,lI;O U = 150 B. KaK BH)I;HO H3 3THX PHCYH-
KOB, xapaKTep HapaCTaHHH HanpHJKeHHH B OCHOBHOM cooTBeTcTByeT IIpOUeccy,
IIoKa3aHHoMY rpaljJHqeCKH Ha pHC. 5.15, a.
Ilpol(ecc CaM06036y:JIC()e1lUR KaK R6JlellUe napaMempUllecKozo pe30-
"allca. IIpou.ecc caMoB036YJK,lI;eHHH. O,ll;HaKO, MOJKeT B03HHKaTb H npH nonHOM
OTCyTCTBHH nOTOKa OCTaTOqHOrO HaMarHHqHBaHHH <1>OCT> KOr,ll;a pOTOp, HanpH-
Mep, H3rOTOBJIeH H3 HeMarHHTHbIX MaTepHaJIOB [23]. 3,l1;eCb OTMeqaeTC", qTO
OCTaTO'-IHbIH MarnHTHbIH IIOTOK - nHrub O.u;HH H3 B03MOJKHbIX ljJaKTopoB, CIIO-
(5.51 )
E
U c
Uc=E o
An
I
I
I
I
I
Ie
Inl
I
I
Uc=IcXc I
I
I II
Ico
6
a
PHC. 5.15. Ilpollecc caMoBo36y eHHH aCHHxpoHHoro reHepaTOpa
OT KOHlIeHcaTopHoii 6aTapeH
B pH,u;e CJIyqaeB HaqaJIO IIpOu.ecca caMOB036YJK,u;eHHH Ar MOJKeT 6bITb
06eCIIeqeHO IIYTeM pa3pH,lI;a Ha 06MOTKY IIpe,ll;BapHTenbHo 3apHJKeHHOH KOH-
,u;eHcaTopHOH 6aTapeH.
YroJI <Xo OIIpe,ll;eJIHeTCH H3 cooTHorueHHH
U c xcolco 1
tgao =-=-=xco =-. (5.47)
lco lco WI Co
CaMoB036YJK,lI;eHHe Ar IIO,ll; HarpY3KoH Tpe6yeT YBenHqeHHH eMKOCTH C,
qTO xoporuo HJInIOCTpHpyeT pHC. 5.15, 6, r,ll;e KPHBaH 3 - 3TO HarpY30qHaH xa-
paKTepHcTHKa Ar. TOqKa A H - TOqKa OKOHqaHHH caMoB036YJK,lI;eHHH. IIpH 3TOM
U c i olco
tga H =-=-=x (5.48)
ICH lco CH wlc H
IIoCKOJIbKY tg aD > tg a", TO C H > CO'
PeaKTHBHaH MOIIJ.HOCTb KOH,lI;eHCaTOpOB OIIpe,u;eJIHeTCH CYMMOH peaKTHB-
HbIX MOIl{HOCTeH reHepaTopa Qr H HarpY3KH QH, TO eCTb
1"1 11
I I'll
II!
,!II
,
II1I
II
Ii III
1 ,1
II,
II.I!
II
I:' II
iil II
III \11
I I
;'!I
II
I I !I"!I I
I '
252
rnaBa 5. ACMHXpoHHble reHepaTopbl
Pa60Ta aCMHxpoHHoro reHepaTopa B aBTOHOMHOM pe>KMMe
253
C06CTBYIOIl{HX HaqaJIY IIpoIJ.ecca caMoB036YJK,lI;eH11H, a caM OH IIpOHCXO.u;HT IIO
3aKOHaM IIapaMeTpHqeCKOrO pe30HaHca - HBJIeHHeM pocTa TOKa B Kone6aTeJIb-
HOH CHCTeMe IIPH OTCYTCTBHH BH,u;HMbIX HCTOqHHKOB 3JJ:C H IIPH IIe-
pHO,ll;HqeCKOM H3MeHeHHH KaKoro-nH60 H3 ee IIapaMeTpoB.
U,B li,B
i = 1m sine mt + tp)
(5.55)
H aKTHBHaH MOllIHOCTb
1 Tp
P = - Ji(t)[Lo(t). i(t)}it * 0
Tp 0
(5.56)
o (tp ( !!.. (5.58)
2
oIIpe)1eJIHeT B03MOJKHOCTb 3JIeKTpOMarHHTHOrO npe06pa30BaHHSI 3HeprHlI.
YCJIOBlIeM pa3BHTmi napaMeTpHqeCKHX KOJIe6aHHH H caMoB036YJK,lI;eHHH
Ar BbIcTYIIaeT HepaBeHcTBo
HJIll
P = !m1m 2mLsin2tp.
4
(5.57)
<:Da30BbIH CllBHr
! mlt==100Bit)e 1
ml IOOMC!Oe.l
a
t,MC
6
PHC. 5.i6. OCI.\WIJIOrpaMMbI npOl.\eCca caMoBo36y eHHH aBTOHOMHoro AT
ACHHxpOHHaH MaruHHa C cHMMeTpHqHbIM pOTOpOM H eMKOCTbIO Ha BbI-
xo.u;e IIpe,ll;CTaBnHeT C060H KOHTYP R-L-C C IIepHo.u;HqeCKH H3MeHHIOIl{eHCH
B3aHMOHH,u;YKTHBHOCTbIO 06MOTOK, B KOTOpOM MOryT B03HHKaTb 3neKTpoMar-
HHTHbIe Kone6aHHH, HMeIOIl{He IIapaMeTpHqecKYIO IIpHpO.u;y.
Ha pHC. 5.17 IIOKa3aH XapaKTep H3MeHeHHH HH,lI;YKTHBHOCTH ljJa3bI BO Bpe-
MeHH, KOTopoe MOJKeT 6bITb 3aIIHcaHO B BH)1e
mf 2 mI. f2,..
sm2<1')-"'-sm2<1', (5.59)
4 2
KOTopoe MOJKeT 6bITb 3anHcaHO B BH,u;e
2,-
m)-=2k" (5.60)
wI
r)1e k}=r/mL - K03ljJljJlfuHeHT nOTepb.
3TO HepaBeHcTBo oIIpe.u;eJIHeT IIpe.u;eJIbHOe OTHorueHHe y.u;BoeHHoro aK-
THBHoro COrrpoTHBJIeHHH ljJa3bI cTaTopa H eMKOCTH K cpe,ll;HeMY IIepexo.u;HoMY
HMYKTHBHOMY COIIpOTHBJIeHHIO 3Toro KOHrypa, npH KOTOpOM IIpHHIJ.HIIHaJIbHO
B03MOJKHO B036YJK.u;eHHe KOJIe6aHHH OCHOBHOH qaCTOTbI.
3TO YCJIOBHe C yqeToM cooTHorueH11H (5.53) H (5.54) MOJKeT 6bITb 3anH-
caHO B BH.u;e .u;BYX HepaBeHCTB:
_ IIPH COIIpOTHBJIeHHH pOTopa, paBHOM HYJIIO (T 2 = 002),
L3(t) = L(I-mcos2mt),
(5.52)
r,ll;e
-7t / 4mT 2
L = LI -(L I -Lo)e
(5.53)
L _ Xl + X'
- cpe.u;HHH IIepexo.u;HaH HH.u;YKTHBHOCTb ljJa3bI; 0 - - - HaqaJIbHaH cpell-
2m
HHH HH,u;YKTHBHOCTb ljJa3bI; L - cpe,ll;HHH IIepeXO,ll;HaH HH,lI;YKTHBHOCTb; m - IIepe-
XO.u;HaH MO.u;YJIHUHH,
mo> 2r/wL o ;
(5.61)
m - mo
l+y(e -7t/4mT 2 -1)'
mo - MaKCHMaJIbHaH rJIy6HHa IIepeXO,ll;HOH MO.u;YJIHUHIf HH,lI;YKTHBHOCTU;
y= 1,2 - 1,9 - nocToHHHbIH K03IjJIjJHUHeHT;
T2 - IIOCTOJlHHaH BpeMeHH 3aTyxaHHH 3KpaHHpYIOllIHX IIepeXO,ll;HbIX TOKOB;
X' = XIs + X Zs ; Xl = XIs + X m - MHHHMaJIbHbIe H MaKCHMaJIbHbIe 3HaqeHHH
COIIpOTHBneHHH.
B 3TOM KOHType IIO,ll; .u;eHCTBHeM BHeruHHx MeXaHHqeCKHX CHn MOryT B03-
HHKHYTb Kone6aHHH TOKa
- IIPH T2 f. 0
2r [ n: / 4mT 2 ]
mo > mL 1 + y(e -1) .
(5.62)
(5.54)
1f3 (5.62) OIIpe,ll;eJIHeTCH MHHHMaJIbHOe 3HaqCHHe T 2 , IIPH KOTOpOH 3ary-
XaH11e IIepexo.u;HoH Mo.u;ynHUHIf MaJIO H OKa3bIBaeTCH .u;OCTaTOQHbIM .u;JISI pa3BH-
mH caMoB036y)[()J;eH11H:
T2>{8/1n [ m: + (Y;I)] fl,
(5.63)
I III
"
!I
,I
I I
II
II'
1111
, III I
1 111
I
11 1111
11,11
1;.1
I
I,
l'llill
II!II
1'1
III!
11111,lill
11 1'1' 1111
II I 11
254
rnaBa 5. ACMHXpoHHble reHepan:ipbl
Pa60Ta aCMHxpoHHoro reHepaTopa B aBTOHOMHOM pe>KMMe
255
O,ll;HHM H3 BapHaHToB IIo.u;06HbIX CHCTeM JlBJIHeTCH cxeMa aCHHxpoHHbIH
reHepaTOp - TpaH3HCTOpHbIH IIpe06pa30BaTeJIb (Ar-IITP) (PHC. 5.18 , [81]).
3,l1;eCb AH - ,lI;aT'IHK HaIIpHJKeHHH, 3H - 3a,ll;aT'-lHK HaIIpHJKeHHH, YC - YCT-
pOHCTBO cpaBHeHHJI, <:DIf - 1j:>0pMHpOBaTeJIb HMIIYJIbCOB, CIj:> - eMKOCTb Ij:>HJIbT-
pa.
r,ll;ef - qaCTOTa Kone6aHHH; L - IIepexo.u;HaH HH.u;YKTHBHOCTb no (5.53).
L,(t)
Ll
Lo
0 Tn T.
I
PHC. 5.17. H3MCHCHHC HHlIYKTHBHO-
CTH cJla3b1 BO BpCMCHH: Tn - nCpHOJl:
H3MCHCHHH napaMcTpa; Ti - nCpHOJl:
H3MCHCHHH TOKa
EcnH mO > 0, r=0, TO T 2 > 0, TO eCTb IIPH OTCYTCTBHH IIOTepb B KOHType
caMOB036YJK.u;eHHe Ar 06eCIIeqHBaeTCH IIPH nI06bIX cooTHorueHHHx r u L KOH-
TypOB pOTopa IIO IIpO,ll;OJIbHOH OCH. IIpH HaJIHqHH nOTepb (npH r f. 0) COOTHO-
rueHHe r H L OrpaHHqHBaeTCH MHHHMaJIbHO ,lI;OIIYCTHMOH BenHqHHOH T 2.
KpOMe Toro, caMOB036Yj[()J;eHHe Ar Ha OCHOBHOH qaCTOTe B03HHKaeT B
IIpe.u;enax HeKOTopOH 06nacTH 6e3pa3MepHbIX IIapaMeTpOB mot rpaHHUbI m01 2
OIIpe,ll;eJIHIOT IIpe,ll;enbHbIe oTHorueHHH qaCTOTbI c06CTBeHHbIX Kone6aHlfH K IIO-
JIOBHHe yrnoBoH qaCTOTbI H3MeHeHHH ero HH)J;yKTHBHOCTH HnH IIpe,ll;enbI H3Me-
HeHHH IIapaMeTpOB (HaIIpHMep eMKOCTH), IIPH KOTOpbIX caMOB036YJK,lI;eHHe
B03MOJKHO. JJ:JIH rJIy6HHbI Mo.u;ynHIIHH 0,2 - 0,25 rrpe.u;IIO'lTHTeJIbHbIM HBnHeTCH
YBenHqeHHe eMKOCTH IIPH HeH3MeHHOH qaCTOTe BpallIeHHH pOTopa np UJIH H3-
MeHeHHe np IIPH HeH3MeHHOH eMKOCTH.
Oco6ellllocmu CaM06036Y3ICi)elluR Ar C nOllynpo6oi)lIuKo6blMU npeo6-
pa306ameJlRMu. B IIocne.u;HHe rO,ll;bI IIOJIyqHnH IIpHMeHeHHe 3neKTpoMaruHHHbIe
HCTOqHHKH 3HeprHH cAr, B036YJK,lI;aeMbIMH C nOMOll{bIO BeHTHnbHbIX IIpe06pa-
30BaTeneH, HanpHMep, aBTOHOMHbIX HHBepTopOB HaIIpHJKeHHH (AMH), HJIH pa-
60TaIOllIHX B peJKHMe caMOB036YJK.u;eHHH C IIpHMeHeHHeM KOH.u;eHcaTopOB HnH C
IfCIIonb30BaHHeM aKKYMYJIHTOpHOH 6aTapeH. 3TO OIIpe.u;eJIHeTCH BeJIHqHHOH OC-
TaTOqHOH 3JJ:C, KOTopaH He ,lI;OnJKHa 6bITb MeHbrue IIoporOBbIX HaIIpJlJKeHHH
3neMeHTOB IIpe06pa30BaTeJIH. B pa60Te [80] IIpHBe,ll;eHbI ycnoBHH caMoB036YJK-
,lI;eHHH Ar C THpHCTOpHbIM AI1H:
- UHKJIHqHOe IIepeKJIIOqeHHe TOKOB lj:>a3 cTaTopa C oIIpe.u;eneHHoH qaCTO-
TOH H c.u;BHrOM OCHOBHbIX rapMoHHK Ha yron 2nlm (m - qHCnO lj:>a3);
- cornaCOBaHHOCTb .u;JIH 06nacTH caMoB036YJK,lI;eH11H qaCTOTbI BpallIeHHH
pOTopa H qaCTOTbI OCHOBHOH rapMoHHKH B036YJK.u;eHHJI;
- HaJIHqHe HaqaJIbHOrO 3aIIaca 3neKTpHqeCKOH H MarH11THOH 3HeprnH .u;JIH
3aIIycKa nOJIYIIpoBO.u;HHKOBbIX 3neMeHTOB;
- HaJIHqHe B ueIIH IIOCTOHHHoro TOKa AIfH 3neMeHTa C ,lI;BYXCTopoHHeH
IIpOBO.u;HMOCTbIO .u;JIH COCTaBJIHIOIl{HX IIepeMeHHoro TOKa.
He06xo,ll;HMoe ,lI;JIH 3aIIycKa HaIIpHJKeHHe, nO,ll;aBaeMOe Ha 3aJKHMbI IIOCTO-
HHHoro TOKa AIfH, COCTaBJI»eT 15 - 20% OT HOMHHaJIbHOro.
Ud
PHC. 5.18. 3JlCKTpH"ICCKaH CXCMa aCHHxpoHHoro BCHTWIbHoro I"CHCpaTOpa
C TpaH3HcTopHblM npe06pa30BaTCJ1CM
Ha pHC. 5.19 IIOKa3aHbI KpHBbIe TOKa cTaTopa H HaIIpJlJKeHHH Ha BbIxo.u;e
CHCTeMbl B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT CKOnbJKeHHJI, CHHTbIe Ha onbITHOM 06pa3ue CHCTe-
MbI Ar-IITP C HOMHHaJIbHbIMH .u;aHHbIMH Ha cTopoHe IIOCTO»HHoro TOKa PdH =
=1,6 KBT, UdH= 28 B, IdH= 57 A [81].
06nacTb caMoB036yJK,lI;eHHJI cooTBeTcTByeT CKOnbJKeHHIO s:=;1 0% H 3a-
IIYCK CHCTeMbI oCYllIeCTBJIHeTCH KaK npH CHHJKeHHH qaCTOTbI HMIIYJIbCOB
yIIpaBJIeHHH B 06JIaCTb MHHHMaJIbHbIX CKOJIb-
JKeHHH, TaK H IIPH ee nOBbIrueHHH K 06nacTH
nOBbIllieHHbIX CKOJIbJKeHHH, IIPH 3TOM OCHOB-
HOH 06nacTbIO caMoB036YJK.u;eHHH HBJIHeTCH
30Ha CKOnbJKeHHH CJIeBa OT HaH60JIbllierO
3HaqeHHH HaIIpHJKeHHH Ud IIPH MeHbIIIHX TO-
Kax. 2 4
06J13aTenbHbIM ycnoBHeM YCTofiqHBOrO
CaMOB036YJK.u;eHHH Ar HBnHeTCH OIIpe,ll;eJIeH-
naH CKOpOCTb CHHJKeHHH qacTOTbI HMIIYJIbCOB
YIIpaBJIeHHH, IIO,ll;aBaeMbIX Ha TpaH3HCTOpbI,
IIP11 BXOJK,lI;eHHH B 06naCTb caMOB036YJK.u;e-
1I1fH. flyqruHM HBJIHeTCJI nHHeHHbIH 3aKOH
fy=fH - kt,
PHC. 5.19. KpHBbie TOKa CTaTO-
pa H HanpHx.:cHHH ua BblXOJl:C
CHCTCMLI AT - TllP
(5.64)
256
rnaBa 5. ACMHXpoHHble reHepaTopbl
r.u;e k - nocToHHHbIH K031jJljJHUHeHT [c- 2 ], 1 < k < 8; t - BpeMH IIepexo.u;Horo
IIpouecca, c.
Ha BpeMH H KaqeCTBO IIpouecca caMoB036YJK.u;eHHH OKa3bIBaIO! BJIIHIHHe
IIapaMeTpblj" ,r J, r2, x J, X2 H Ct/>, a TaKJKe BeJIHqHHa OCTaTOqHOH 3JJ:C, H B 3TOM
OTHOIlleHHH HMeeTCH aHaJIOrnH C IIpoueccoM caMoB036YJK.u;eHHSI reHepaTopa
nOCTOHHHoro TOKa. IIpH He.u;ocTaTOqHOH BeJI11qHHe E OCT pOJIb IIepBOHaqanbHOrO
HMnYJIbCa MOJKeT BbIIIOJIHHTb TOK pa3pMa IIpe,ll;BapHTeJIbHO 3apHJKeHHOll eMKO-
CTH IjJ11JIbTpa C,p. 3aMeTHO Ha .u;JIHTeJIbHOCTH IIpouecca CaMOB036YJK.u;eH11H CKa-
3bIBaeTCH TaKJKe BeJIHqHHa IIOCTOHHHOH BpeMeHH KOHTypOB pOTopa T 2 =L 2 /r2'
OTcIO.u;a CJIe,ll;yeT, qTO Ar C MaJIbIM conpOTHBJIeHHeM pOTopa (rr->O) MOJKeT
Bo06llIe He caMoB036y.u;HTbCH.
B YCTaHOBHBIlleMCH peJKHMe CHCTeMa pa60TaeT C 06paTHOH CBH3bIO no
HaIIpHJKeHHIO, Kor.u;a cpaBHHBaIOT TeKYllIee 3HaqeHHe Ud C 3alIaHHOH BeJIHq11-
HOH U d3 H pa3HOCTb
I
II
I! 1
'I
II
l1Ud= Ud- Ud3
(5.65)
h
, IIIII
CBO.u;HTCH K HYJIIO 3a CqeT ynpaBJIHIOllIero B03,l1;eHCTB11H Ha 06'beKT.
5.5.3. 3KcnepHMeHTaJIbHOe onpeJJ,eJIeHHe eMKOCTH
KOH,lI;eHCaTOpoB B036Yj[()J;eHHH
1'1
B 3KcIIepHMeHTe [146] CTaBHllaCb 3a,l1;aqa HCCJIe.u;OBaTb pa60ry cepHHHoro
KopOTK03aMKHYToro .u;BHraTeJIH B peJKHMe aBTOHOMHOro aCHHxpoHHoro
reHepaTopa, OIIbITHbIM nYTeM IIo.u;06paTb eMKOCTb KOH,lI;eHCaTOpoB
B036Yj[()J;eHHH Ar, 06eCIIe'llfBaIOIIIYIO MaKCHMaJIbHYIO IIepe,ll;aqy MOIIIHOCTH B
HarpY3KY H MaKCHMaJIbHbIe KIIJJ: H K031jJljJHUHeHT MOllIHOCTH.
06'beKTOM HCCJIe,ll;OBaHHH 6bIJI BbI6paH cepHHHbIH TpexljJa3HbIH KOpOTKO-
3aMKH}'TbIH aC11HXpOHHbIH ,lI;BHrareJIb llIHpoKoro IIpHMeHeHHH AI1P90-L4,
HMeIOllI11H CJIe.u;YIOllIHe xapaKTepHcTHKH:
- COe,ll;HHeHHe 06MOTOK CTaTopa - "3Be3lIa";
- qHCJIO nap nOJIIOCOB - 2;
- CHHxpoHHaH qaCTOTa BpallIeHHH - 1500 06/MHH;
- JI11HeHHOe HaIIpHJKeHHe - 380 B;
- MOIl{HOCTb - 2,2 KBT;
- KIIJJ: - 81 %;
- cos<p - 0,83;
- Macca - 18,6 K1'.
B ljJa3bI MaruHHbI AI1P90-L4 BKJIIOqaJIHCb 6aTapeH KOH,lI;eHCaTOpoB eM-
KOCTbIO OT 30 ,lI;O 90 MK<:D qepe3 KmK,lI;bIe 5 MK<:D, a B KaqeCTBe IIpHBO,ll;a HCIIOJIb-
30BaH ,lI;B11raTeJIb IIOCTOHHHoro TOKa II-32 MOllIHOCTbIO 2,2 KBT. IIHTaHHe .u;BH-
raTeJIH oCYIl{eCTBJIHJIOCb qepe3 IIOTeHl{HaJI - perYJIHTOp, KOTOpbIH II03BOJIHJI H3-
I
'ull!11
I
:1
'I,
I
II I "II
, II!II
Pa60Ta aCMHxpoHHoro reHepaTopa B aBTOHOMHOM pe>KMMe
257
MeHHTb CKOpOCTb BpaIl{eHHJI Bana (HOMHHaJIbHaH CKOpOCTb BpaIl{eHHJI
150006/MHH).
PUC. 5.20. CxeMa 3KcnepUMeHTaJIbHOii YCTaHoBKu
B KaqeCTBe HarpY3KH Ar CJIYJKHll TpexljJa3HbIH KopOTK03aMKHYTbIH 3JIeK-
TpO,ll;BHraTeJIb AI1P71-B4 C IIapaMeTpaMH:
_ COe,ll;HHeHHe 06MOTOK - "3Be3,l1;a";
- 'lIfCJIO IIap nOJIIOCOB - 2;
_ CHHxpoHHaH CKOpOCTb BpaIl{eHHH - 1500 06/MHH;
_ JIHHeHHOe HaIIpHJKeHHe - 380 B;
- MOIl{HOCTb - 0,75 KBT;
- KIIJJ:- 75%;
- cos<p - 0,8;
- Macca - 9,4 Kr.
reHepaTop IIOCTOHHHOro TOKa II-21 C peocTaToM HCIIOJIb30BaJICH KaK pe-
rYJI11pyeMaH HarpY3Ka .u;BHraTeJIH AHP71-B4.
Ha pHC. 5.20 npHBe,ll;eHa cxeMa 3KcIIepHMeHTaJIbHOrO CTeH,u;a, a Ha
pl1c. 5.21 - xapaKTepHCT11KI1 Ar. .
PerYJIHpyeMoe IIOCTOHHHoe HaIIpHJKeHHe IIO,ll;aeTCH Ha ,u;BHraTenb II-32,
I(OTOPbIH IIp11BO.u;HT BO BpallIeHHe BaJI MalliHHbI AI1P90-L4. KOH,lI;:HcaTopbI
CJlyJKaT ,lI;JIH B036YJK,lI;eHHH H IIepeBolIa MaIIIHHbI B reHepaTopHbm peJKHM.
rpexljJa3HOe CHHYCOH.u;aJIbHOe HaIIpJIJKeHHe OT Ar IIocTynaeT Ha ,lI;BHraTenb
AI1P7I-B4, BaJl KOToporo MeXaHH'-IecKH COe,ll;HHeH C reHepaTopoM IIOCTOHHHoro
1lJ1<a II-2I. HarpY3Ka nnaBHO H3MeHHeTCH IIp11 IIOMOIl{H peocTaTa R4.
258
rnaBa 5. ACMHXpoHHble reHepaTopbl
II!I!II
II II
ill::: I
IIpH nepBoM nycKe CKOpOCTb BpallIeHHH Hccne,u;yeMoro reHepaTopa YCTa-
HaBJIHBaJIaCb 1500 06/MHH, a KOH,u;eHCaTOpbI Ha 3aJKHMbI Ar He BKJIIOqaJIHCb,
npH 3TOM 3JJ:C reHepaTopa OTCYTCTBOBaJIa. IIocne BKJIIOqeHHH eMKOCTH
45 MK<:D Ha XOJIOCTOM xo,u;y YCTaHOBHJIaCb 3JJ:C, pa3HaH 380 B, 3 TeM BKJIIOqaJI-
CJI ,u;BHraTeJIb AIfP7I-B4 H YBeJIHqHBaJIaCb HarpY3Ka reHepaTopa II-21. HanpH-
JKeHHe Ar 380 B nOMepJKHBaJIOCb peryJIHpOBaHHeM CKopOCTH BpallIeHHH re-
HepaTopa ,u;BHraTeJIeM II-32. HarpY3Ka YBeJIHqHBaJIaCb ,u;o MaKCHMaJIbHO ,u;onyc-
THMOH (950 BT npH eMKOCTH 45 MK<:D). IIpH ,u;aJIbHeHIlleM YBeJIHqeHHH HarpY3-
KH HanpHJKeHHe reHepaTopa na)l;aJIO ,u;o HYJIH - reHepaTop TepHJI B036y)[()J;eHHe.
I, I
Iii
n' :H f,ru.
1700
],5
1600
1,4
1500
1,3
1400 1,2
45 60 75 90 C,MK.p C,MKcjJ
PUC. 5.21. H3MeHeHue xapaKTepUCTUK Ar npu peryJIUpOBaHuu eMKOCTU
TaKHM JKe 06pa30M 6bIJIH IIpoBe,u;eHbI peJKHMbI IIPH eMKOCTH KOH,u;eHCa-
TOpOB B036YJK,lI;eHHH 60, 75 H 90 MK<:D.
Pe3YJIbTaTbI H3MepeHHH npHBe,u;eHbI B Ta6JI. 5.3.
II
Ta6JIHUa 5.3
C,MK<1> M,HM P2,BT f, rU n, 06/MHH I,A Un,B
45 6,42 950 56,1 1684 1,775 380
60 8,36 1115 53,7 1611 2,025 380
75 9,33 1100 50,1 1503 2,125 380
90 10,55 1100 48,8 1464 2,251 380
\! I
rl
I
Ii
II,
lilitl
IIo pe3ynbTaTaM H3MepeHHH onpelIeJIJlJIHCb MOIl{HOCTb Ph nOTpe6JIHeMaH
reHepaTopOM, ero KTIA H K031j:>Ij:>HUHeHT MOIl{HOCTH no COOTHOIlleHHHM:
P
17 = P ;
p.
cosrp= .
31 qP rp
1m
P I =MQ=M- Bm'
30' ,
Pe3YJIbTaTbI paCqeTOB IIpHBelIeHbI B Ta6JI. 5.4.
Pa60Ta aCMHxpoHHoro f"eHepaTopa B aBTOHOMHOM pe>KMMe
259
Ta6nHua 5.4
C, MK<:D Ph BT 1'}, % cos<p
45 1219 77?9 0,81
60 1410 79,1 0,834
75 1467 74,8 0,784
90 1617 68,0 0,74
Ha pHC. 5.21 IIOKa3aHO H3MeHeHHe qaCTOTbI BpaIl{eHHH BaJIa H, COOTBeT-
CTBeHHO, qaCTOTbI TOKa, a TaKJKe IIOTpe6JIHeMOH MOIl..{HOCTH p] H TOKa I npH H3-
MeHeHHH eMKOCTH KOH,u;eHcaTopoB H IIPH HeH3MeHHOM HaIIpHJKeHHH. KaK BH,u;-
110, IIPH nOMepJKaHHH IIOCTOHIJHOrO HaIIpHJKeHHH 380 B YBeJIHqeHHe eMKOCTH
KOH,u;eHcaTopoB npHBO,u;HT K YMeHbIlleHHIO qaCTOTbI BpaIlleHHJI BaJIa H qaCTOTbI
3JJ:C. B TO JKe BpeMH IIPH 3THX JKe YCJIOB11HX (YBeJIH'-IeHHe eMKOCTH) YBeJIHqH-
BaIOTCH MOIl..{HOCTb PI H TOK I.
Ha pHC. 5.22 IIpHBe-
lIeHbI 3aBHCHMOCTH nOJIe3-
HOH MOIl..{HOCTH P2, K031j:>-
Ij:>HU11eHTa MOIl..{HOCTH H
KII,lJ. aBTOHOMHoro aCHH-
xpoHHoro reHepaTopa B
3aBHCHMOCTH OT eMKOCT11
KOH)l;eHCaTOpoB B036y e-
HHH. 3TH 3aBHCHMOCTH
IIpHHHMaIOT MaKCHMaJIbHble
3HaqeHHH npH eMKOCTH
KOH,lI;eHCaTOpOB, paBHOH
IIpHMepHo 60 MK<:D B KaJK-
1I0H lj:>a3e. 3TY eMKOCTb
MOJKHO Cq11TaTb OIITHMaJIb-
HOH ,lI;JIH ,u;aHHOrO ,u;BHraTeJIH
npH ,u;aHHbIX BeJIH'-IHHe H xa-
paKTepe HarpY3KH.
0,76
0,74
0,7
45
60
75
90 C,MKIj:>
PUC. 5.22. Pa6o'lue xapaKTepucTuKU Ar npu pe-
ryJIUpOBaUuu eMKOCTU KOll.l\eHCaTOpoB
5.6. XapaKTepHcTHKH aCHHxpOHHoro reHepaTopa
B aBTOHOMHOM pe)KHMe pa60TbI
5.6.1. Pa60QHe xapaKTepHcTHKH aBTOHOMHoro Ar
IIo,u; pa60qHMH xapaKTepHcTHKaMH Ar nO,ll;pa3YMeBaIOTCJI 3aBHCUMOCTH
TOKa, MOIl..{HOCTH, K031j:>Ij:>HuHeHTa MOl.IJ;HOCTH H KIIA OT OCHOBHoro napaMeTpa
260
'I'I
II:il'
III!
I
rnaBa 5. ACMHXpoHHble f"eHepaTopbl
)(apaKTepMCTMKM aCMHXpOHHOf"O reHepaTopa
B aBTOHOMHOM pe>KMMe pa60Tbi
261
I'
i fll
I
2,0 -----------,------------
PI,!] :
l'J,coscp :
1,6 _n________:_______
,
,
,
1,2 ----------- --
,
'I
I
,
,
I
I
, I
-------1------------,
I ,
, ,
, ,
, s ,
SH
PUC. 5.23. TeopeTu'Ieclme pa6o'lue xa-
paKTepucTuKU acuHxpoHuoro reHepaTopa
MCHHOM 3HaqeHHH ll2 qaCTOTa BpaIJ.J;emUI MarHHTHOrO IIOJIH nj= n}/(J-s)
YMeHbruaeTCH, TaK KaK B reHepaTopHOM peJKHMe CKOJIbJKeHHe S < O. TaKHM 06-
pa30M, H3MeHeHHe qaCTOTbI f l npH IIepexo.u;e Ar OT XOJIOCTOrO xo.u;a K peJKHMY
lIarpY3KR OIIpe,ll;eJIHeTCH H3MeHeHHeM CKOnbJKeHHH H Y'IHTbIBaeTCJI nplf paCqeTe
I1H.u;yKTHBHbIX If eMKOCTHbIX COIIpOTHBJIeHHH cxeMbI 3aMeIl{eHHH, 3aBIfCHIl{HX OT
'IaCTOTbI. TaK, BeJIH'-IHHa eMKOCTH, He06xo.u;HMOH )!;JIH KOMIIeHcaUHH peaKTHB-
110M MOIl{HOCTH Ar H HarpY3KH, 06paTHo IIpOIIOPUHOHaJIbHa qaCTOTe, T.K.
xc= I/wC= l/27r.fJC.
B pa60Te [109] IIpHBe,ll;eHbI OCHOBHbIe COOTHOIlleHHJI, II03BOJIHIOIl{He pac-
C4HTaTb pa60qHe xapaKTepHcTHKH Ar IIPH pa3nHqHbIX peJKHMaX pa60TbI, co-
CTaBJIeHHbIe Ha OCHOBaHHH 6aJIaHca aKTHBHbIX If peaKTHBHbIX MOIl{HOCTeH.
XapaKTepHcTHKIi aBTOHOMHoro aCHHxpoHHoro reHepaTopa MorYT 6bITb
IIonyqeHbI Ha OCHOBaHHIi MO,ll;HIjJHUHpoBaHHoH cxeMbI 3aMeIl{eHHH (pIic.5.24)
no COOTHOIlleHHHM, KOTopbIe B HaIi60JIee ,lI;OCryIIHOll 1jJ0pMe H3JIOJKeHbI B pa60-
Te [88].
B cxeMe 0603HaqeHo:
RI = rlcl; R 2 = cf;
Xs =Xlci +xict; X m =XI +xo; Xc =1/WJC o ; ci ",,1+xl /x o;
Zu = ru + jx u ; tg'Pu = Xu I ru; COS'P u = ru I Zw
IIapaMeTpbI rJ, XJ, r' 2,
X' 2 H yrJIOBaH qaCTOTa
(J)I=2nf l .u;JIH YCTaHoBHBruero-
CH HOMHHaJIbHOrO peJKHMa
IIpHHHMaIOTCH IIOCTOHHHbIMH,
eMKOCTb B036YJK,lI;eHHH CO ,lI;JIH
HaqaJIbHOrO B036Y)K,ll;eHHH
I1MeeT BIIOJIHe orrpelIeJIeHHOe
3HaqeHHe. COnpOTHBJIeHHe
BeTBH HaMarHHqHBaHHH X m ,
OIIpe,ll;eJIHIOIl{ee BeJIHqHHY
TOKa [m, CYllIeCTBeHHO HeJIH-
HeHHO H HaXO,ll;11TCH IIO pe3YJIbTaTaM paCqeTa MarHHTHOH ueIIH H IIOCTpoeHHH
xapaKTepHCTHKH HaMarHHqHBaHHH <:D = f(F MlI ) (B ,lI;pyroM MaCIIITa6e U r = f(I m ))
"JIH H3 OnbITa XOJIOCTOrO xo.u;a.
HaqaJIbHOe HarrpJlJKeHHe U rO Ha 3aJKHMax Ar npH XOJIOCTOM xo.u;e onpe-
.u;eJIHeTCJI nepeCeqeHHeM xapaKTepHCTHKH HaMarHHqHBaHHJI H BOJIbT-aMIIepHOH
xapaKTepHCTHKH ueIIH B036YJKlIeHHH Dc = IcXc, '1TO 6bIJIO IIOKa3aHO paHee Ha
pIic.5.15.
IIpH pa60Te Ar Ha aKTHBHo-HH.u;yKTHBHYIO HarpY3KY nepBoe YCJIOBHe yc-
TOH'-IHBOCTH onpe.u;eJIHeTcJI 6aJIaHCOM peaKTHBHbIX MOIl{HOCTeH HCTOqHHKa (Qc
2s u
onpe.u;eJIHeTCH cooTHorueHHeM IIoTepb.
JJ:JIH aBTOHOMHO pa6OTaIOIl{erO aCHHxpoHHoro reHepaTOpa KaK 11CTOqH11Ka
3neKTpHqeCKOH 3HeprHH rJIaBHOe 3HaqeHHe HMeIOT BHellIHHH XapaKTepHCTHKa -
3aBHCHMOCTb HaIIpHJKeHHH U Ha BbIXO,ll;e reHepaTopa OT nOJIe3HOH MOIl{HOCTH P 2
(HJIH"OT TOKa HarpY3KH I Harp ) np11 HeH3MeHHbIX qaCTOTe f l , cKopocn:i BpaIl{eHHH
n2 , K031jJljJHuHeHTe MOIl{HOCTH HarpY3KIf COS CPH H eMKOCTH C - H perYJIHpO-
BOqHa5I, T.e. 3aBHCHMOCTb TOKa KOH,u;eHCaTOpa Ic (HJIH BeJIHqHHbI eMKOCTH) OT
TOKa HarpY3KIf I Harp IIPH HeH3MeHHbIX U, f, COS CPH H n2.
ABTOHOMHaH pa60Ta Ar B03MOJKHa B qeTblpeX peJKHMax:
- IIPH IIOCTOxHHOH CKOPOCltl Bpam:eHllii (n} = consi,fi = var);
- IIPH cTa6HJIbHOH qaCTOTe 3a CqeT perYJIHpOBaHHH CKOpOCTH (fj=const,
n} = var);
- IIPH nepeMeHHOH n} 11 cTa6HJIH3aUHll qaCToTbI.fJ C IIOMOllibIO perYJIH-
pOBaHHH Ar;
- npH nepeMeHHbIx 3HaqeHHHX CKOpOCTH n2 H qaCTOTbI.fJ.
1.IacToTa 3JJ:C H TOKa Ar IIPH XOJIOCTOM xO,ll;e OIIpe,ll;eJIHeTCH qaCTOTOH
BpaIl{eH11J1 pOTopa n} nj, T.e. fi = pnl = p n 2 . IIpH HarpY3Ke Ar H npH HeH3-
60 60
HarpY3KH - CKOJIbJKeHHH. B 06Il{eM BH,u;e 3TH xapaKTepHCTHKH )!;JIH Ar, pa60-
TaIOIl{ero napaJIJIeJIbHO C CeTbIO, IIOKa3aHbI Ha pHC. 5.23.
3aBHCHMOCTb I'J = (S) THnHq-
Ha; KaK H ,lI;JIH lIPyrnx 3JIeKTpHqeCKHX
MaruHH KTI)J: .u;OCTHraeT MaKCHMaJIb-
Horo 3HaqeHHH npH CKOJIbJKeHHH,
6JIH3KOM K HOMHHaJIbHOMY, a 3aTeM
YMeHbllIaeTcH. K03IjJIjJHUHeHT MOIl{-
HOCTH npH XOJIOCTOM XO,ll;e COCTaBJIH-
eT 0,1 - 0,2 11 60JIee (.u;mI MHOroIIO-
JIIOCHbIX MaIIIHH), ,lI;OCTHraeT HaH-
60JIbllIerO 3HaqeHHH 0,7 - 0,8 IIPH
HarpY3Kax, 6JIH3KHX K HOMHHaJIbHOH,
H 3aTeM CHHJKaeTCH. BeJIH'IHHa TOKa
CTaTOpa IIPH XOJIOCTOM XO,ll;e TaKJKe B
3HaqHTeJIbHOH CTeneHH 3aBHCHT OT
MOIl{HOCTH H IIOJIIOCHOCTH Ar, a IIPH
YBeJIHqeHHH CKOJIbJKeHHH HenpepbIB-
HO YBeJIH'-IHBaeTcH BIIJIOTb ,lI;O SKP,
'-!TO 6bIJIO nOKa3aHO paHee Ha
pHC. 5.6. XapaKTep H3MeHeHHH
MOIl{HOCTH, oT.u;aBaeMoH Ar B ceTb,
I
1'11111
'I! I
I,
II
IIIII
1,llil,li II
Ii I
II!II: III
II111 1 1I111
RJ
I
----1 2
1m
X m
PUC. 5.24. MotJ,utJIUl\UpOBaHHaH cxeMa 3aMe-
ll\eHUH aBTOHOMHoro Ar
" I
!I .
L
262
rnaBa 5. ACMHXpoHHble f"eHepaTopbl
II
,1 111
I
I
- KOH,lI;eHCaTOpHOH 6aTapeH ) Ar (Q
) , m - BeTBH HaMarHHqHBaHHH H
HHH H HarpY3KH QH, TO eCTb
Qe=Qm+Qs+Qu
Qs - pacceH-
(5.66)
HJIU
'I
I
IIII II
1 1 1111:,
ITII
,
UJ:.. = UJ:.. + UJ:.. X + UJ:.. X
Xc X m Z?(s) s Z; u'
(5.67)
r.u;e
Z?(s) = (R 1 + R2) 2 +X 2 , Z2 =R 2 X 2
s s u u+ u'
YpaBHeHHe (5.67) MOJKHO TaKJKe 3anHcaTb B BH,u;e
leUr=lmUr+(/ 2 ')2X +1 2X
Y s n u'
MHOJKHB 06e 'IaCTH ypaBHeHHJI (5.67) Ha U 2 .
ero MOJKHO IIepenHcaTb B Bu.u;e r H Y'!TJI, '!TO sm<p = X/Z,
_ _ 1. 1.
Xc X m - Z2(S) smtp+Zsllltp (5.68)
H TaKHM 06pa30M nOJIyqHTb onpe,ll;eJIeHH 10 CB u
rpY3KH, reHepaTopa H KOH,u;eHC TopHO 6 Y Jl3b MeJK,lI;Y napaMeTpaMH Ha-
a H aTapeH.
JIeBaJI qaCTb (5.68) npe.u;CTaBJIHeT C060H pe3YJIbTHpyroruyro
npOBo.u;HMOCTb BeTBeif C conpOTHBJIeHHJlM11 peaKTHBHyro
JIeJIbHO: Xc H X m , coe,ll;HHeHHbIX napaJI-
'I,ll
'II,
II
I: III
i!I' Iii:
1.1
II
1 1 /-1
6me =--_= e m
Xc X m U r (5.69)
3Ta BeJIHqHHa TaKJKe HenHHeHHa H JIJI K
6bITb onpe.u;eJIeHa no a3H .u; aj[()J;oro 3HaqeHHH U r MOJKeT
I = f(U ) B P OCTH TOKOB, B3JITbIX H3 KpHBbIX 1m = f(U) H
c \ r. ce 3TH KpHBbIe nOKa3aHbI Ha pHC. 5.25 . r
IIpaBaJI qaCTb (5.68) - 3TO CYMM
uenH Ar a peaKTHBHbIX npOBO)I;UMocTeH pa60qeH
sin tp2 X
62=- - s
Z2(S) (R 1 + R2 )2 +X 2
s s
(5.70)
III
1 1 ,1
H HarpY3KH
sintp2 X
6u =- = u
Zu R 2 +X 2'
T u u
aKUM 06Pa30M, ypaBHeHHe (5.68) MOJKeT 6bITb 3aIIHcaHO B Bu.u;e
6 Mq =62+ 6 u .
(5.71)
(5.72)
,
ilill 1II1
I ' III I
111111111 !
XapaKTepMCTMKM aCMHXpOHHOf"O reHepaTopa
B aBTOHOMHOM pe>KMMe pa60Tbi
263
YpaBHeHHe 6aJIaHCa aKTHBHbIX MOIUHocTeH HMeeT BH,u;
P3M- PMI = PH
(5.73)
UJIH
(I' )2 R 2 _ (I' )2 R = I 2 R
2 s 2 I un"
YpaBHeHHe (5.74) JIerKO IIpe06pa3yeTCJI K BH)J;y
( R2 -RI ) = Ru,
Z?(s) s Z;
ZU=Z2(S) 2RU ,
--R 1
s
(5.76)
(5.74)
(5.75)
OTKy.u;a
HJIH
Z = Z 2 ( ) costpu
u 2 sR'
--1. - RI
S
IIOllCTaBJIJIJI 3HaqeHHH ZH B ypaBHeHHH (5.70) H (5.71) H ,lI;aJIee B (5.72),
OIIpelleJIHIOT 3aBHCHMOCTb
(5.77)
6me =+ [ Xs + ( R2 -RI ) tgtp2 ] '"
Z2 (s) s
(5.78)
JJ:aJIee no 3HaqeHHIO 6me, paCCqHTaHHOMY ,lI;JIH onpe.u;eJIeHHOrO CKOJIbJKe-
HHH S no KpHBbIM pHC. 5.25, HaXO,ll;HT HaIIpJIJKeHHe U r H xapaKTepHCTHKH ,lI;aH-
Horo peJKHMa Ar ,lI;JIH 3a,l1;aHHOH eMKOCTH B036YJK,lI;eHHH H onpelleneHHoH aK-
THBHO-HH)J;YKTHBHOH HarpY3KH.
B pa60Te [88] IIpHBe.u;e» aJIrOpHTM pac'IeTa xapaKTepHcTHK Ar, KOTO-
pbIH IIPH H3BeCTHoif xapaKTepHcTHKe HaMarHHqHBaHHJI MarHHTHoH uenH H IIa-
paMeTpax cxeMbI 3aMeIl..{eHHH CBO.u;HTCJI K CJIe)l;yIOII..{eH IIOCJIe.u;oBaTeJIbHOcTH:
1. 3a,ll;aeTCJI npoH3BonbHoe CKOnbJKeHife s.
2. OIIpe.u;eJIHeTCJI npe,ll;BapHTeJIbHOe 3HaqeHHe IIOIIpaBO'-IHOro K031jJ1jJ11-
IJ;HeHTa
C I Xl X U ro
IO +-,r.u;e mO=-'
X mO /0
3. PaCCqHTbfBaIOTCJI COnpoTHBJIeHHe r' 2/S H conpOTHBneHHe pa60'IeH
BeTBH Z2(S),
4. IIo (5.78) Haxo.u;HTCJI BeJIU'IHHa 6rne.
5. IIo KpHBOH 6rne = f(U r ) (PHC. 5.25) OIIpe.u;enHeTcH BeJIHqUHa HanpJIJKe-
H"JIU r .
6. YTOqHHeTCJI 3HaqeHHe
III
I I
I!I'
I
II
I I
I!III
I
II
'II
I' II
II
I
II
I
1':11
I
1111'1
'III
Ir ll '
I'
II
II
j III
'I!
,
IIII
I
:1 1 11 1
III!I
1 1 ,1 1 \ II!
11I1111 Iii
II \l ; II
264
1m b me
lmo
o
U r
Puc. 5.25. K paC'IeTY pa6o'lux
xapaKTepucTuK aBTOUOMHoro Ar
rnaBa 5. ACMHXpOHHble reHepaTopbl
U r
X = Ur
m .
1m
ECJIH BbIIIOJIHMeTCJI 3apaHee
3a,l1;aHHOe YCJIOBIfe (XmO-Xm)/X m E,
TO paCqeT IIpO.u;OnJKaeTCM, eCnH HeT,
TO paCqeT nOBTOpMeTCH OT n. 2 ,lI;O
BbIIIOJIHeHHH Ha3BaHHoro ycnoBHH.
7. IIo COOTHOIlleHHIO (5.76)
onpe.u;eJIHeTCM ConpOTHBJIeHHe Ha-
rpY3KH, COOTBeTCTBYIOII..{ee paCcq11-
TaHHOMY 3HaqeHHIO Z2(S) H 3a,ll;aH-
HOMY COS<PH.
8. PaCCqHThIBaIOTCM napaMeT-
pbI pa60qero peJKHMa Ar, COOTBeT-
CTBYIOIl{He CKOJIbJKeHHIO s:
- TOK HarpY3KH
I = Ur I I I I .
H ' HG = HCOSrpH' HP = HS1nrpH;
ZH
- TOK B036Yj[()J;eHHH
- 06Il{HH TOK Ar
U
I =-L.
c Xc'
I ", ",
Ir = I G +(Ic -I Hp ).(. ;
- nOJIe3HaH MOIl..{HOCTb Ar
P2=3I/RH= 3U HIrcos<pH;
- nOTepH
:E P= PMI+ PM2+ PCT + PJlOO+ PMex;
_ MOIl{HOCTb, IIO,ll;BO.u;HMaH K Ar,
P I =P 2 + :E p;
-KIIJJ:
p
1] = ----L 100% .
PI
9. JJ:aHHbIH paCqeT nOBTOpJleTCH .u;nH .u;PYrHX CKOnbJKeHHH, 11 IIO pe3YJIb-
TaTaM paCqeTa CTpOJlTCH pa60qHe XapaKTepHCTHKH 1, Q, s, 1'}, COs<pr = [(P2) H
BHeIIIHHH xapaKTepHCTHKa Ar U r = [(In).
AnH IIpHMepa Ha pHC. 5.26 3TH xapaKTepHCTHKH nOCTpoeHbI ,lI;nH Ar
MOIl{HOCTbIO 40 KBT C MaCCHBHbIM pOTOpOM IIPH COS<PH = 1 H ,lI;nH pa3JIHqHOH
CTeIIeHH HaCbIII..{eHHH MarHl1THOH ueIIH [88]. B pa60Te [88] cljJopMynHpoBaHbI
TaKJKe BeCbMa BaJKHble BbIBO,ll;bI, KaCaIOIl{HeCJI KaqeCTBa aBToHoMHOH pa60TbI
Ar.
XapaKTepMCTMKM aCMHxpoHHoro reHepaTopa
B aBTOHOMHOM pe)l(MMe pa60Tbi
265
1. CTa6HnbHoCTb HaIIpHJKeHHM Ar H .u;ocTaTO'IHaH neperpY30qHaM cno-
C06HOCTb 06eCneqHBaIOTcH:
_ IIPH 3HaqHTenbHOM HaCbIII..{eHHH MarnHTHOH ueIIH Ar (KJ.l= 2,8 - 4,0);
_ npH MHHHMaJIbHbIX napaMeTpax pacceHHHH H aKTHBHbIX COIIpOTHBJIeHH-
JIX 06MOTOK Ar:
X*I"" X*'2 (0,08 - 0,1),
1'*1"" r*'2(O) = (0,01 - 0,03);
_ IIPH BbICOKOM 3HaqeHHH COS<PH, 6JIH3KOM K e.u;HHHue.
2. IIoBbIIlleHHoe HaCbIII..{eHHe MarHHTHOH uenH 1I0JIJKHO 6bITb 06eCIIeqe-
HO 3a C'IeT 3y6uOB H MpMa pOTopa npH MHHHMaJIbHOM HaCbIII..{eHHH CTaTOpa.
3. He06xo,ll;HMbIH ypoBeHb HaCbIII..{eHHM MOJKeT 6bITb nOJIY'leH BAr np11
2p 4. IIpH 2p > 4 npe.u;eJIbHO B03MOJKHOe HaCbIII..{eHHe MarHHTHoH ueIIH KJ.l
2,8 H HMeeT MeCTO CHHJKeHHe IIeperpY30qHOH cIIoc06HOCTH, a HOMHHaJIbHaM
MOIl..{HOCTb Ar YMeHbrnaeTcH.
4. EOJIee BbICOKaH cTa6HJIbHOCTb HaIIpHJKeHHH H neperpY30qHaH cIIoc06-
HOCTh 1I0CTHraIOTCH IIPH pa60Te Ar C eMKOCTHbIM B036YJK,lI;eHHeM Ha nOJIynpo-
BO.u;HHKOBbIH BbIIIpMMHTeJIb.
PUC. 5.26. XapaKTepucTuKU
acuHxpoHHoro reHepaTopa
MOll\HOCTblO 40 KBT C Mac-
CHBHblM pOTOpOM npH pa3-
JlH'IHOU CTeneHU HaCblll\eUU"
MarHuTHou lIenu:
t-k p = 2; 2-kp =3; 3-kp =4
Ur.lr>Q
0,8
3
0,4
o
0,4
0,8
PH
IIpHBe.u;eHHbIe BbIllie cOoTHorneHHH MOfYT 6bITb HCIIOJIb30BaHbI H .u;nH
paCqeTa xapaKTepHcTHK aBTOHOMHoro Ar IIPH BKJIIOqeHHH nOCJIe.u;oBaTeJIbHO C
HarpY3KOH KOMIIayH,lI;HpYIOII..{eH eMKOCTH C K [88]. B 3TOM cJIyqae B ypaBHeHHH
6aJIaHca peaKTHBHoH MOIl{HOCTH (5.66) He06xo.u;HMO Y'lecTb MOIl{HOCTb QCK, a
COOTHorneHHe (5.72) 3aIIHCbIBaeTCM B BH.u;e
Xs X H -X CK (5 79)
6mc= + 2 ' .
Z2 (5) Z,,
rIle
Z2H =R} + (X" -X CK )2.
YpaBHeHHe 6aJIaHCa aKTHBHbIX MOIl{HOCTeH npH06peTaeT BH,u;
:1 '
jl:11
1'1 I
10
!I('IIIII
I
,1 1 11 1
1111'
)1:1'11 1
,II
III
iil ' !
266
rnaBa 5. ACMHXpoHHble reHepaTopbl
267
XapaKTepMCTMKM aCMHxpoHHoro reHepaTopa
B aBTOHOMHOM pe>KMMe pa60Tbi
uJ. ( R2 -R ) = UJ. R
Z1(s) s I Z;1; H'
3aBHCHMOCTb aKTHBHOrO conpoTHBJIeHHM HarpY3KH OT
pa60qeH uellH, CKOJIbJKeHHH H BCJIH'IHHbI C K IIOJIyqaeTCM B BH,u;e
1 2
R H = (XCKtg'PH +-)COS 'PH +
2G 2
( 1 4 2 '
+ XCKtg'PH +-)COS 'PH -XCKCOS 'PH
2G 2
r.u;e
(5.80)
PerYJIUpOBOqHaM XapaKTepHCTHKa onpe.u;eJIJleT B03MOJKHOCTH cTa6HJIH3a-
UHH HaIIpMJKeHHJI npH H3MeHeHHH BeJIHqHHbI H XapaKTepa HarpY3KH. PeryJIH-
poBOqHaM xapaKTepHCTHKa Ar B 06Il{eM BH,u;e rrpH TaKOM cnoc06e perynHpoBa-
HHM IIPH pa3JIHqHbIX COS<j>H IIOKa3aHa Ha pHC. 5.27.
IIap,aMeTpOB
(5.81)
5.6.2. 3KcnepHMeHTaJIbHOe HCCJIeJJ,OBaHHe
BHemHHX xapaKTepHcTuK aBTOHOMHoro Ar
R 2
Rs =--R..
s
3T0 Hccne.u;OBaHHe rrpoBelleHo Ha A)J, MaJIOH MOIl{HOCTH AIfP90-L4, pa-
60TaIOII..{eM B reHepaTopHoM peJKHMe C MHH11MaJIbHOH eMKOCTbIO KOH.u;eHcaTO-
pOB B036YJKlleHIfM IIO 60 MK<:D B Ka)l(.u;oH ljJa3e rrpH Pa3JIHqHbIX BeJIHqHHe H xa-
paKTepe HarpY3KIf (cos<j> = 0,5, cos<j> = 0,75; cos<j> = 0,81) [146,147] .
BHeruHHe xapaKTepHcTHKH 3TOH MalliHHbI, CHHTble IIPH pa3JIH'IHbIX ycno-
BHHX, IIpHBe.u;eHbI Ha pHC. 5.28, r,ll;e 3HaqeHHH HaIIpJlJKeHHJI H MOIl..{HOCTH Ha-
rpY3KH P .u;aHbI B OTHOCHTeJIbHbIX ellHHHuax (U o - HanpJlJKeHHe xonOCToro xo-
,lI;a, PH-HOMIfHaJIbHaH MOIl..{HOCTb).
Rs
G 2 = R 2 + X2 '
s s
rJIaBHOe Ha3Ha'IeHHe IIocnellOBaTeJIbHO BKJIIOqeHHOH KOMnayH,lI;HpYIO-
Il{eH eMKOCTH - cTa6uJIH3aUHJI HanpJlJKeHHH Ar npH YBenHqeHHH HarpyJKH. JJ:JIM
IIOJIHOH cTa6HJIH3aIJ;HH He06xo.u;HMO, '-IT06bI BbIIIOnHHJIOCb COOTHOIlleHHe
B Ar C KOpoTK03aMKHYTbIM pOTOpOM co-
IIpOTHBJIeHHe )(s IIplf H3MeHeHHH CKOJIbJKeHHH
OCTaeTCJI IIO'-ITH nOCTOJlHHbIM, II03TOMY cIIpa-
Be)!;JI11BO paBeHCTBO
XcK:::::ZHsin<j>. (5.83)
YBeJIU'IeHHe HarpY3KH 3KBHBaJIeHTHO
YMeHbIlleHHIO conpoTHBneHHM ZH H, COOTBeTCT-
BeHHO, YMeHbIlleHHIO XH' CJIe,ll;OBaTeJIbHO, BeJIH-
'1HHa KOMnaYH,u;HPYIOII..{eH eMKOCTH, paBHaH C K =
1/roX CK ' .nOJIJKHa YBeJIHqHBaTbCM IIponopUHo-
HaJIbHO BeJIHqHHe HarpY3KH.
BeJIH COS<j>H = 1, TO .u;JIH cTa6HJIH3aIJ;HH
PUC. 5.27. TeOpeTU'IeCKaH
HanpHJKeHHH Ar BeJIHqHHY X CK BbI6HpalOT H3
peryJlUpOBO'lHaH
xapaacrepUCTUKa Ar co06paJKeHHH nOJIyqeHHH HOMHHaJIbHOrO Ha-
rrpMJKeHHM U r IIPH HOMHHaJIbHOH HarpY3Ke, a
.u;eljJHuuT peaKTHBHOH MOIl..{HOCTH Ar IIPH MaJIbIX HarpY3Kax, 06ycnOBJIeHHbIH
B03MOJKHbIM YMeHbIlleHHeM napaMeTpa X.. MOJKeT 6bITb cKoMIIeHCHpOBaH BbI-
60pOM BCJIH'IHHbI K031jJljJHUHeHTa HaCbIIl{eHHH K", KOTOpbIH ,lI;JIH 3THX ycnoBHH
COCTaBJIHeT K l1onT = 1,3 - 2,0. 3Ta BCJIHqHHa, o.u;HaKO, 1l0JIJKHa 6bITb paCCqHTaHa
)!;JIM npoeKTHpyeMoro reHepaTopa C Y'leTOM KOHKpeTHbIX HaqaJIbHbIX YCJIOBHH -
THna Ar, MOIl{HOCTH, nOJIIOCHOCTH, xapaKTepa HarpyJKH, )l;HaIIa30Ha H3MeHeHHJI
CKOJIbJKeHHH H .npyrHx ljJaKTOpOB.
Ic
I J
I HOM
XcK:::::XS+X H HJIH XcK:::::Xs+ZHsin<j>.
(5.82)
_____1--- <p_:_ ! !__
-::- t J::::t t :- - '!
i i cos<p= 0,5 ,;
---l-----t-----r-----t-----t----! -----t-----1--- 1
0,6 0,7 0,8 A
6
v
UIVo
., -- i-= ;
! i ! i P1P H
0,25 0,5 0,75 I
B
220
200
180
I
I
I
I
I
I
II H
160
140
o 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5
a
o
UIVo
VIVo
,
, '
, .
0,5 - -----------1------------r------------1------------[----
t ! ! ! H
I ! i ! PIP
. ,
! ! I
0,5 ----------r-----------r----------- ---.-------r---
i! ! P/P H
o
o
B
r
PUC. 5.28. BueWHue xapaKTepUCTHKU A,lJ, AHP 90 - L4, ucnLlTaUHoro
B pex.:uMe acuuxpoHuoro reHepaTopa
B 06bIqHbIX YCJIOBHJIX H3MeHeHHM HarpY3KIf (PHC. 5.28,a) BH,u; BHelliHeH
xapaKTepHcTHKH HarrpMMYIO 3aBHCHT OT 3HaqeHHH cos<j> HarpyJKH. IIpH cos<j> <
<0,75 Ar HMeeT CJIHruKOM «MHrKYIO» BHeIIIHIOIO xapaKTepHcTHKY H npaKTHqe-
CKH Hepa6OTocnoc06eH; IIPH TOKe I ::::: 0,6 A H K031jJljJHuHeHTe MOIl{HOCTH cos<j> =
=0,5...0,75 HaIIpHJKeHHe YMeHbIllaeTCJI Ha 20...30% OT HOMHHaJIbHOrO 3Haqe-
Ii
II
'II
I
268
rnaBa 5. ACMHXpoHHble reHepaTopbl
I II
HHH U = 220 B, YCTaHOBJIeHHOrO npH XOJIOCTOM xo.u;e. IIpH YBeJIHqeHHH cos<p
HaKJIOH 3TOH xapaKTepHcTHKH Bce 60JIee YMeHbIllaeTCJI (oHa CTaHOBHTCH 60JIee
«JKeCTKOH»), CHHJKaeTCH IIa,ll;eHHe HaIIpJlJKeHHH H npH TOKe I = 0,8...0,9 A H
cos<p = 0,81 IIa,lI;eHHe HaIIpJlJKeHHH COCTaBJIHeT U = 10...15%, qTO MOJK T 6bITb
rrpHeMJIeMO .u;mI nHTaHHH HeOTBeTCTBeHHbIX IIoTpe6HTeJIeH.
IIpH qHCTO aKTHBHoH HarpY3Ke (cos<p = 1,0) TaKJKe Ha6JIIO.u;aeTcH IIOHH-
JKeHHe HaIIpHJKeHHH Ha BbIXO,ll;e Ar Hero cTa6HJIH3aIJ;HH MOJKeT 6bITb 1I0CTHr-
HYTa IIpHMeHeHHeM .u;HCKpeTHoro CTa6HJIH3aTOpa HaIIpHJKeHHH (pHC. 5.28,6),
KOTOpbIH B .u;aHHOM cJIY'Iae 6bIn HacTpoeH Ha IIa,lI;eHHe HaIIpJlJKeHHH U .u;o 15%.
BbIllie (II. 5.5.2) OTMeqaJIOCb, 'ITO B TOKe HarpY3K11 Ar, pa60TaIOII..{ero Ha
BbIIIpHMHTenbHYIO HarpY3KY, IIOHBJIHeTCH OIIepeJKaIOII..{aH COCTaBJIJIIOII..{aH H re-
HepaTOp IIo.u;nHTbIBaeTCH ,lI;OnOJIHHTeJIbHOH peaKTHBHOH MOII..{HOCTbIO, 3KBHBa-
JIeHTHOH no .u;eHCTBHIO .u;onOJIHHTeJIbHO BKJIIOqeHHOMY KOH,u;eHCaTOpy.
Ha pHC. 5.28, B .u;mI HCCJIe)J;yeMoro Ar IIpHBe.u;eHbI BHeIIIHHe xapaKTepH-
CTHKH IIPH HeIIocpe.u;cTBeHHoH pa60Te Ha 'IHCTO aKTHBHYIO HarpY3KY r H (KpHBaH
1) H rrpH IIO,ll;KJIIOqeHHH TaKoH JKe HarpY3KH 'Iepe3 HeyrrpaBJIHeMbIH BbIIIpHMH-
TeJIb, BKJIIOqeHHbIH IIO cxeMe flapHoHoBa (KpHBaH 2). KaK BH.u;HO, B 3TOM cny-
'iae (<:iKeCTKOCTh» BHeliIHeH xapaKTepiiCTiiKii 3HaQiiTeJII,HO B03paCTaeT ii IIpii
HOMHHaJIbHOH HarpY3Ke IIa,ll;eHHe HaIIpHJKeHHJI U He IIpeBbIlliaeT 20%, '-!TO
IIpHMepHo cooTBeTcTBYeT BHeIIIHeH xapaKTepHcTHKe reHepaTOpa IIOCTOHHHoro
TOKa IIapanJIenbHOro B036YJK,lI;eHHH.
XapaKTepHCTHKH pHC. 5.28, a, 6 CHHTbI .u;mI «nITaTHOH» AM, cIIpoeKTH-
pOBaHHoH ,lI;JIH .u;BHraTenbHoro peJKHMa pa60TbI H HMeIOII..{eH cna60HaCbIII..{eHHYIO
MarHHTHYIO uenb. IIpe.u;cTaBJIHeT HHTepec 3KcnepHMeHTaJIbHO OueHHTb BJIHJI-
HHe H3MeHeHHH (YBeJIHqeHHH) HaCbIII..{eHHH MarHHTHOH uenH ,lI;JIH reHepaTopHo-
1'0 peJKHMa, '-!TO MOJKeT 6bITb .u;ocTHrnYTo HJIH YMeHbIlleHHeM CeqeHHH MarnH-
TonpoBO,ll;a (YMeHbllieHHeM ero aKTHBHOH .u;JIHHbI), HJIH YBeJIHqeHHeM MarHHT-
HOH HH,u;YKUHH 3a CqeT CHHJKeHHH qHCJIa 31jJljJeKTHBHbIX BHTKOB 06MOTKH CTaTO-
pa. B pa60Te [82] IIOKa3aHO IIOJIOJKHTenbHoe BnHHHHe HaCbIII..{eHHH Ha cTa6HJIH-
3aQHIO HaIIpHJKeHHH aBTOHOMHoro Ar, II03TOMY cne)J;yeT OJKH.u;aTb, qTO Ha3BaH-
Hble MepoIIpHHTHH TaKJKe ,lI;a.u;YT nOJIOJKHTenbHbIH pe3YJIbTaT.
Ha pHC. 5.38, l' IIOKa3aHbI BHeIIIHHe xapaKTepHcTHKH HCCJIe.u;yeMoro Ar
IIPH YMeHbIlleHHH Ha 20% aKTHBHOH .u;JIHHbI MaIIIHHbI (KpHBaH 2) H IIPH CHHJKe-
HHH B TaKOM JKe OTHOIlleHHH 'IHCna BHTKOB ljJa3bI cTaTopa (KpHBaH 3). KpHBaH 1
Ha 3TOM pHcYHKe COOTBeTCTBYeT BHeruHeH XapaKTepHCTHKe Hcxo.u;Horo Ar,
pa60TaIOII..{erO Ha aKTHBHo-HH.u;YKT11BHYIO HarpY3KY IIPH cos<p "" 0,78. KaK
BH.u;HO, Ha3BaHHbIe KOHCTPYKTHBHble H3MeHeHHH IIpHBO,ll;HT B paBHoH IIpHMepHo
CTeneHH K YBeJIHqeHHIO «JKeCTKOCTH» BHeIIIHeH xapaKTepHCTHKH H
YBeJIHqeHHIO neperpY30qHOH cnoc06HoCTH, '-!TO HarJIMHO CBH,u;eTeJIbCTByeT 0
He06xo.u;HMOCTH CneUHaJIbHOrO rrpoeKTHpOBaHHJI AM ,lI;JIH pa60TbI B peJKHMe
aBTOHOMHoro aCHHxpoHHoro reHepaTopa.
I I!I
, III
III I
I'
r
I I I
II
III
!,1 1111
I 1, III1
, II
III
I"!
I II I
l;11II111
1 1111 "
': IIII
I I till
1:, )11
.111111
XapaKTepMCTMKM aCMHxpOHHoro reHepaTopa
B aBTOHOMHOM pe>KMMe pa60Tbi
269
5.6.3. 3HepreTHqeCKaH )J.uarpaMMa, nOTepH H Kn,n:
aCHHxpoHHoro reHepaTopa
IIpoU ecc npe06pa30BaHHH 3HeprnH B Ar oCYII..{eCTBJIHeTCH B cne.u;YIOII..{eM
nOpH,lI;Ke (pHC. 5.29).
IIonHaH MeXaHHqeCKaH MOIl{HOCTb Pj IIO.u;BO,ll;HTCH C BaJIa OT npHBo.u;Horo
,lI;BHraTeJIH H IIpe06pa3yeTcH B IIOJIe3HYIO aKTHBHyro MOllIHOCTb Pz, oT.u;aBaeMYIO
B ceTb H onpe.u;eJIHeMyro no (5.34).
MOIl..{HOCTb PI CBJl3aHa C BpallIaIOIl{HM MOMeHTOM M Bp npHBO,ll;HOrO .u;BH-
raTeJIH COOTHOIlleHHeM
21fn
P, = M6p'o. = M 6p (ji)' (5.84)
r,ll;e M Bp H3MepHeTcH B H'M.
p..cx P",
PUC. 5.29. 3HepreTU'IecKaH
AuarpaMMa acuHxpoHHoro
reuepaTopa
,
"ex PII PM2 PC1 .i'.P M ]
qacTb MOlliHOCTH Pj TepHeTcH Ha BaJIY, nOKpbIBaH MeXaHHqeCKHe nOTepH
APMex (Ha BeHT11JIHl{HIO, Ha TpeH11e B IIO)l;llIHIIH11KaX H T.,lI;.) H ,lI;06aBOqHbIe IIOTe-
pH Api!, KOTopbIe 06YCJIOBJIeHbI npej[()J;e Bcero .u;eHcTBHeM BbICIIIHX rapMoHHK
MarHHTHoro IIOJIH, B03HHKaIOII..{HX BBH):()' HaJIHqHH BbICIIIHX rapMoHHK MJJ:C
06MOTOK H 3y6qaTOrO cTpoeHHH cTaTopa H pOTopa. C O,ll;HOH CTOpOHbI, 3TH
rapMOHHKH C03,l1;aIOT IIapa3HTHble TOpM03HbIe MOMeHTbI Ha BaJIY, C .u;PyroH -
HH,u;YKTHPYIOT 3JJ:C H TOKH B 06MOTKax H C03)J;aIOT .u;06aBOqHbIe 3JIeKTp11qeCKHe
nOTepH, oc06eHHO 3aMeTHbIe no BeJIHqHHe B KopOTK03aMKHYTbIX 06MOTKax pO-
Topa.
MeXaHHqeCKIfe nOTepH B AM C KopOTK03aMKHYTbIM pOTOpOM H BeHTHJIH-
UHOHHbIMH JIOIIaTKaMH [72]
MMex = KT ( ) 2 (IOD i )3, (5.85)
1000
r.u;e Kr = 5 npH 2p = 2; KT = 6 IIPH 2p ::: 4 - ,lI;JIH AM C Da ::; 0,25M;
KT= 6 rrpH 2p = 2, KT = 7 npH 2p::: 4 ,lI;JIH AM C Da::: 0,25M.
B AM C BHeruHHM 06,l1;YBOM (0,1 ::; Da::; 0,5M)
i
I! I I .
I .
1'1
I I
I
I
IIII
II illl
r
Ii
'II
ill
1 11111
1 1111
,III,
I
, II
'IIII
1111
!III'
III'
IIII I
1 III
, III
I
J j
II,
1111111
270
rnaBa 5. ACMHXpoHHble reHepaTopbl
XapaKTepMCTMKM aCMHxpoHHoro reHepaTopa
B aBTOHOMHOM pe>KMMe pa60Tbi
271
"ex KT c r Da 4 , (5.86)
r,ll;e KT=1 npH 2p = 2, KT = 1,3 (1- Da) npH 2p 2': 4.
JJ:06aBOqHbIe IIoTepH B03H11KaIOT 3a CqeT .u;eHcTBHH IIOTOKOB pacceslHHH,
IIynbCaIJ;HH HH,u;YKUHH B B03.u;yruHOM 3a30pe, cTYIIeHqaTOCTH KpHBOH pacnpe,ll;e-
neHHH MJJ:C 06MOTOK cTaTopa H pOTopa H .u;pyrHx IIPH'-lHH. B K.3. pOTopax,
oc06eHHo HMeIOII..{HX CKOC IIa30B, B03HHKaIOT ,lI;06aBOqHble IIoTepH OT IIOIIepeq-
HbIX TOKOB, 3aMbIKaIOII..{HXCH MeJK.u;y CTepJKHHMH. 3TH IIOTepH Tpy.u;HO no.u;.u;aIOT-
CH paCqeTY H 'IaCTO HX IIpHHHMaIOT paBHbIMH Api! 0,05P] npH HOMHHaJIbHOH
HarpY3Ke. IIpH .u;pyrHx HarpY3Kax HX IIepeCqHTbIBaIOT npoIIOpUHOHaJIbHO KBa)l;-
paTY TOKa. <:DaKTHqeCKH 3TH IIOTepH 60JIbIlle H B COBpeMeHHbIX BbICOKOHarpy-
JKeHHbIX MaruHHax MorYT 1I0CTHraTb 2...2,5 % OT PH'
MeXaHHqeCKaH MOIl..{HOCTb P Mex , paBHaH PMex=P r Api! - ApA'ex. 3a BbIqeTOM
3neKTpHqeCKHX IIoTepb B pOTope (IIoTepb B Me.u;H pOTopa)
H
( z ) 1,5
In 3 2
P no62 =0,5K 02 - (B0211 .10 )
10000
_ 3T0 YlIeJIbHbIe nOBepXHOCTHbIe IIOTepH, IIpHXO,ll;HII..{HeCJI Ha 1M 2 nOBepx-
HOCTH rOJIOBOK 3y6UOB CTaTopa H pOTOpa;
(5.92)
B 01 (2) = fJOI(2)K t5 B t5
(5.93)
- aMllJIHTYlI a rryJIbCaUHH MarHHTHOH HH.u;YKUHH B B03)J;yrnHOM 3a30pe
Ha,lI; KopOHKaMH 3y6uOB CTaTopa H pOTopa;
6
1301(2) = 0,1 - 0,4 B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT OTHOrneHHH.2L ;
is
K., - K03IjJIjJHl{HeHT KapTepa;
B - MarnHTHaH HH,u;YKIIHH B B03.u;YIIIHOM 3a30pe;
Kol = 1,4 - 1,8; K 02 = 1,7 - 2,0 - K03IjJIjJHUHeHTbI, Y'lHTbIBaIOII..{He BJIHHHHe
06pa60TKH IIoBepxHocTeH roJIOBOK 3y6uOB;
t, 6m, ICT - 3y6uoBoe ,lI;eneHHe, OTKpbITHe IIa3a H aKTHBHaH .u;JIHHa cep.u;eq-
HHKa;
n2=n](J +s) - qaCTOTa BpaIl..{eHHJI pOTOpa Ar.
IIYJIbCaIJ;HOHHble nOTepH B 3y6uax
LV'nYJll 0 ,II ( Z2 n 2 BnYJll ) 2 m zl ' (5.94)
1000
LV'M2 = m(J 2 J 2 Y,z
(5.87)
npe06pa3yeTcH B 3JIeKTpoMarHHTHYIO MOIl..{HOCTb p. M , oIIpe.u;eJIHeMYIO IIO (5.21).
IIoTepH B CTaJIH nO,ll;pa3,l1;eJIHIOTCH Ha OCHOBHbIe H .u;06aBO'-IHbIe - nOBepx-
HOCTHbIe H rrynbcaUHoHHbIe. OCHoBHbIe IIOTep11 B CTaJIlf cTaTopa AM paCCqH-
TbIBaIOTCJI IIO 1jJ0pMyne
LV'CTOCH = Fj'0/50( { r (KaBa 2ma + KzB;cpmzl) ,
( ) 2
Z1 n 2
LV'nYJl2 0,11 - B nyJl2 m z2 '
1000
(5.88)
(5.95)
rlIe 13 = 1,3 - 1,5 B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT MapKH CTaJIH, Ka"" 1,6, Kz "" 1,8 - K031jJ1jJH-
UHeHTbI, Y'lHTbIBaIOII..{He HepaBHoMepHoCTb pacIIpe,ll;eJIeHHH MarHHTHOH HH)J;yK-
UHH IIO CeqeHHIO MarH11TOIIpOBo.u;a; IDa H IDzl - MaCCbI HpMa CTaTopa H 3y6uOB;
PI,0/50 - y.u;eJIbHbIe IIOTepH B CTaJIH IIPH HH.u;yKIIHH 1 TJI H qaCTOTe 50 ru; Ba H
B zcp - MarHHTHaH HH,lI;YKUHJI B HpMe H cpe.u;HJlH HH)J;yKu;HH B 3y6uax.
IIOBepXHOCTHbIe IIOTepH B CTaTope H pOTope
r2 D
B nyJl1 - Bz 1cp ;
21 1
(5.96)
r.u;e
rID
B nyJl2 21 2 Bz 2cp ;
(e Ul l(2) I D Y
rl(2) =
5 + 6 Ul I(2) I D
(5.97)
LV'no61 = P no61 (II - 6Ull )ICTl'
(5.89)
(5.98)
LV'no62 = P no62 (12 - 6 Ul 2 )ICl'2'
(5.90)
TaKHM 06pa30M, 06I1..{He nOTepH B CTaJIH
r.u;e
( Z ) 1,5
2 n 3 2
P no61 =0,5K 01 - (B OI 1 2' 1O )
10000
(5.91)
M CT = M CTocH + M no61 +M "",,2 + M nynt + M nYR2 .
IIpH IIpaKTHqeCKHX paCqeTaX MOJKHO npHHHTb
(5.99)
11
I
,II
, I I
'I'll
III
': I
II
:1111 '1 I
: 1\
III
111"
I I1II
272
rnaBa 5. ACMHXpoHHble reHepaTopbl
XapaKTepMCTMKM aCMHxpoHHoro reHepaTopa
B aBTOHOMHOM pe)l(MMe pa60Tbi
273
f'o.P CT "" (1,1 - 1,2)f'o.P CT,,,,"
(5.100)
B3Y H BbIIIOJIHeHHoro Ha 6a3e cepHH AI1PYI12 C reoMeTpHeH: Da = 191 MM;
D j = 132 MM; 0 = 0,3 MM; Z/ = 48; Z2 = 44; L i = 130 MM.
06MOTOqHble ,lI;aHHbIe:
'lHCnO IIa30B Ha IIomoc If ljJa3 ql = 1;
06MOTOqHbIH K031jJljJHUHeHT Ko6 = 1;
qHCnO nOCne,ll;OBaTeJIbHbIX BHTKOB ljJa3bI WI = 544;
CeqeHHe 31jJljJeKTHBHoro IIpOBO,ll;HHKa q,4> = 0,567 MM 2 ;
,D,Mal\1crp 06MOTOIfHOro npOBO,ll;a did", = 0,85/0,94 MM;
Macca Me.u;1f - 3,28 Kr;
Macca CTaJIH - 35,15 K1'.
PeJKHM xonOCTOro XO,ll;a:
TOKH loa = 0,49A, fop = 3,18A, 10 = 3,22A;
MOIIJ;HOCTb Po = 318 BT;
COSCj>o = 0,15;
IIapaMeTpbI rI = 8,1 OM; XI = 13,4 OM; X mo = 55,9 OM.
MarHHTHaSi Qellb:
HH,u;YKQHH (Tn): Bo = 0,413; B zI = 1,32; B z2 = 1,09; B aI = 0,61;
B a2 = 0,31;
M,ZJ;C (A): Fo = 203; F zl = 47,6; F z2 = 14; F aI = 4,4; F a2 = 1,1;
:EF = 270,4.
HOMHHaJIbHbIH peJKHM:
TOKH: hH = 1,13A; Iia = 1,42A; lip = 3,13A; IIH = 3,43A;
CKOJIbJKeHHH, %: SH = 6,93; SKP = 29,2;
IIOTepH H MOIl{HOCTH: PM = 287 BT; PH2 = 39 BT; PCT = 101 BT;
Pn06= 3 BT; :E p = 447 BT; P 2 = 500 BT; PI = 947 BT;
IIapaMeTpbI: r2 = 8,3 OM; X2 = 26,6 OM; E H = 208,5 B; llH =
=52,8 %; cosCj>, = 0,413;
npeBbIrueHHe TeMnepaTypbI - 34,4 °C.
He06xo.u;HMbIe eMKOCTH Ha IjJa3Y:
,lI;nH HaqaJIbHOrO B036YJK,lI;eHHH Co = 46 MK<:D;
,lI;JIH KOMnayH,u;11pOBaHHH C K = 32,4 MK<:D.
C yqeToM «3aIIaca» IIO HarpeBY MOIl{HOCTb 3Toro reHepaTopa MOJKeT
6bITb cYIIJ;eCTBeHHO YBeJIH'IeHa. OCHoBHbIe ero IIapaMeTpbI ,lI;JISI HOMHHaJIbHOH
MOIl{HOCTH PH = 1,2 KBT, a TaKJKe .u;aHHble paCqeTOB Ar MOIIJ;HOCTbIO
PH = 5,0 KBT (nI = 333 06/M11H) If MOIl{HOCTbIO PH = 7,5 KBT (nI = 500 06/MHH)
npHBe.u;eHbI B Ta6JI. 5.5.
KaK BH,lI;HO, paCCqlfTaHHbIe aCHHxpoHHbIe reHepaTopbI HMeIOT BnOJIHe
y.u;oBJIeTBOpHTeJIbHbIe ()!;JIH BbI6paHHoro qHCJIa nOJIIOCoB) 3HaqeHlfH KTI)J: H
cosCj> H MOryT 6bITb peKOMeH,u;OBaHbI ,lI;nH aBTOHOMHbIX HH,lI;HBH.u;yaJIbHbIX B3Y.
KaK CJIe.u;yeT H3 cOOTHoIlleHHH (5.21) H (5.39),
P = PM2
3M
S
3neKTpHqeCKHe IIOTepH B 06MOTKe CTaTopa
(5.101)
2
PMI=mIIIIl.
(5.102)
OCTaBIllaHCJI qaCTb P'M npelICTaBnHeT C060H IIOJIe3HYlO MOI.l{HOCTb P 2 . OT-
lIaBaeMYIO reHepaTopOM B ceTb.
TaKlfM 06pa30M, MOIIJ;HOCTb, KOTOPYIO He06xo.u;HMO no.u;Bo.u;HTb K BaJIY
Ar If ero KIIJJ: :
PI =P 2 + Li¥J;
(5.103)
1] = (1- Li¥J )100%.
PI
(5.104)
BeJIHqHHa KTIJJ: Ar, KaK H B aCHHXpOHHbIX ,lI;BHraTeJISlX, 3aBHCHT OT
MOIIJ;HOCTH If qHCna IIonIOCOB H MOJKeT HaXO,ll;HTbCH B npe.u;enax 50...85%.
5.6.4. llpHMepbl paCqeTa THXOXOJl,HblX Ar MaJlOH MOIIIHOCTH
B KaqeCTBe HCXO.u;HbIX ,lI;aHHbIX .u;JISI paCqeTa nplfHHMaeTCSI IIpOTOTHII A)J,
C K.3. pOTOpOM C onpe.u;eneHHoH reOMeTpHeH na30BoH H 3y6UOBOH 30H, HapYJK-
HbIM Da 11 BHYTpeHH11M D j .u;HaMeTpaM11, C B03)J;yIIIHbIM 3a30poM 0, lIHaMeTpoM
BaJIa DB 11 onpe.u;eJIeHHOH MapKOH CTaJIH Cep,ll;eqH11Ka.
qHCJIO IIa30B CTaTopa ,lI;OJIJKHO 06eCIIeqHBaTb He06xo,ll;lfMOe 3HaqeH11e ql
B COOTHOIlleHHH Z/ = 2p-m'q np11 3a,l1;aHHOM qHCne nap IIOJIIOCOB 2p. 3a,l1;alOTCH
TaKJKe 3HaqeHHH MOIIJ;HOCTH PH' HanpHJKeH11S1 ljJa3bI U4>, K031jJ1jJlfulfeHTa MOIIJ;HO-
CTH HarpY3KH COS Cj>H H qaCTOTbIf. 3JIeKTpOMarHHTHbIe HarpY3KH AI H Bo SlBJISI-
IOTCSI BapbHpyeMbIMH IIapaMeTpaMH H BbI6HpalOTcSI B 3aBlfClfMOCTH OT MOIIJ;HO-
CTH H q11CJIa IIOJIIOCOB Ar.
B OCHOBHOM co.u;epJKaHHH H IIOCne,ll;OBaTenbHOCTH pacqeT Ar aHaJIOmqeH
pacqeTY aC11HXpOHHoro .u;BlfraTeJIH, HO C Y'leTOM IIpHBe.u;eHHbIx B IIpelIbIlIYllIeM
IIaparpaljJe oc06eHHocTeH.
HHJKe IIpHBe,ll;eHbJ pe3ynbTaTbI pacqeTa THXOXO,ll;HOrO Ar MOlliHOCTbIO
500 BT, 2p = 16 (nl = 375 06/MHH), npe.u;Ha3HaqeHHoro ,lI;nH 6e3pe.u;YKTopHOH
Ii
I
I
' I I
;1
1::1
I
,I
I,
I
': I I
I
'ill
I
I
i,1
'I
I
I
\Iill
11:111
I I! I,
I
I
II
I
I
'\111 1
Ilr
I ,
11111
1 11111
I II
I I\
nl
274
rnaBa 5. ACMHXpoHHble reHepaTopbl
PerynMpoBaHMe '1aCTOTbl M HanpJl>KeHMJI aBTOHOMHoro Ar
275
Ta6mfUa 5.5
'IaCTOTa BpaIl{eHHJl pOTopa nOMepJKHBaeTCH nOCTOJlHHOH, a TaKJKe Kone6aHHH
BbIXO)I;HOrO HanpHJKeHHH U, IIOJIBJIJlIOIl{HeCJI BCJIe.u;CTBHe 3neKTpHqeCKOH H Mar-
HHTHOH HeCHMMeTpHH pOTopa. IIYJIbCaIIHH U, 06YCJIOBJIeHHble 3JIeKTpHqeCKOH
HecHMMeTpHeH, B03pacTaIOT npH YBeJIUqeHHH HarpY3KH H MorYT 6bITb CBe.u;eHbI
K MHHHMYMY npH KaqeCTBeHHOH 3aJIHBKe KopOTK03aMKHYToH KJIeTKH H BbI6pa-
KOBKe pOTOpOB C .u;eljJeKTaMH 06MOTKH.
MarHHTHaH HeCHMMeTpHJl, CBH3aHHaH C B03MOJKHOH OBanbHOCTblO naKe-
TOB pOTopa H cTaTopa, 3cueHTpHCHTeTOM, MarHHTHoH aHH3OTpoIIHeH cep.u;e'I-
HHKOB, IIpHBO.u;HT K nepHo.u;HqecKHM H3MeHeHHJlM MarHHTHOrO conpOTHBJIeHHH
Ha IIYTH OCHOBHoro MarHHTHoro pOTopa H, KaK CJIe.u;CTBHe, K KOJIe6aHHHM BbI-
XO.u;HOro HanpJlJKeHHH. KaK OTMeqaeTCJI B pa60Te [109], ycrpaHeHHe OBaJIbHO-
CTH H BeepHaH c60pKa naKeTa pOTopa IIpaKTHqeCKH IIonHOCTbIO HCKJIIOqaIOT 3TY
npHqHHY Kone6aHHH HaIIpHJKeHHH.
IIpH oueHKe TeXHHKO-3KOHOMHqeCKHX IIoKa3aTeneH aBTOHOMHoro Ar
yqHTbIBaeTCJI TaKJKe He06xo.u;HMOCTb B KOH,u;eHCaTOpHoH 6aTapee KaK HCTO'IHH-
Ke peaKTHBHOH MOIl{HOCTH .u;JIH C03.u;aHHH MarHHTHoro nOJIH H KOMIIeHCaIJ;HH pe-
aKTHBHOCTH HarpY3KH.
3HaqeHHe peaKTHBHOH MOIl{HOCTH, 3aTpaqHBaeMOH Ha C03,l1;aHHe MarHHT-
Horo IIOJIH Ar C MarnHTHoH HH,lI;YKQHeH B 3a30pe Bm , onpe.u;enHeTCJI H3 COOT-
HOIlleHHH
o
CHOBHLlC paC'ICTHLIC )J.aHHLIC THXOXO)J.HLIX Ar Manon MOIIJ;HOCTU
llIHdm Ar
IIapaMeTpbI AIlPY112- AMY 160- AMY200-
AB16 M18 Ll2
I. HOMHHaJIbHbIe .u; aHHbIe
MOIl{HOCTb P n, BT 1300 5000 7500
tIHCJIO nOJIIOCOB 2p 16 18 12
qacTOTa BpaIl{eHHH n, 06/MHH 375 333 500
TOK HarpY3KH I, A 6,32 19,5 18,7
HarrpRJKeHHe Un, B 163 186 182
KTIJJ:, % 54,4 72,0 82,5
cos<p, 0,428 0,46 0,735
CKOnbJKeHHe HOMHHaJIbHOe S
CKOJIbJKeHHe KpHTHqeCKOe SKP 0,11 0,048 0,036
II. reOM eTp HH 0,437 0,25 0,165
JJ:HaMeTp HapYJKHbIH Da. MM 191 272 294,5
JJ:HaMeTp BHyTpeHHHH D j , MM
JJ:JIHHa cep.u;e'lHHKa L j , MM 132 197 210,0
B03)J;yIIIHbIH 3a30p 0, MM 130 120 185
III. 06MOTKa CTaTo p a 0,3 0,45 0,4
qHCJIO BHTKOB WI 421 198
06MOTOqHbIH K031jJljJHUHeHT Ko6 124
1,0 1,0 0,965
a 1,0
III. 06MOTKa non 1,0 1,0 1,0
d np , MM 2,0 2,0
IV. ll ap aMe TP bI 06MOTKH 0,95 1,18 1,18
rJ. OM 5,93 1,1 0,89
XI. OM 7,04 2,15 1,65
r2,OM 6,36 1,53 0,94
X2,OM 13,5 3,05 1,73
if 2
Q=w1WMV". =-BmV". ,
Po
(5.105)
1 2
r.u;e W M =-Bm - Y,lI;eJIbHaH 3Heprm MarHHTHOrO m:JJIH; V/;- IIOnHbIH 06'beM
2PO
B03.u;yruHoro 3a30pa.
C .u;pyroH CTOpOHbI, BeJIHqHHa peaKTHBHOH MOIl{HOCTH KOH,u;eHCaTOpHOH
6aTapeH
. 2
Qc =mw1CKU c
(5.106)
If MOJKeT perynHpoBaTbCJI HJIH H3MeHeHHeM eMKOCTH KOH.u;eHCaTOpOB C K , HnH
JKe BCJIHqHHOH HanpJlJKeHHJI U c .
B HaCTOHIl{ee BpeMJI IIpaKTHqecKoe IIplfMeHeHHe HaxO,ll;HT KOH,u;eHCaTOpbI
THIIa K -71 C YJIyqrueHHbIMH Maccora6apHTHbIMH IIOKa3aTeJIJIMH, HMeIOllIHMH
y.u;eJIbHYIO Maccy 0,3 - 0,6 Kr/KBA. ECJIH Y'IeCTb, qTO cos<p aBTOHOMHoro Ar
ManOH H cpe.u;HeH MOIl{HOCTH He npeBbIruaeT 0,7 - 0,75, TO Ha 1 KBT ero aKTHB-
HOH MOIl{HOCTH MOJKeT IIpHXO,ll;HTbCJI npHMepHo 1 KBA peaKTHBHoH MOIl{HOCTH
KOH.u;eHcaTopHoH 6aTapeH. O,ll;HaKO BeJIH'-IHHa He06xo.u;HMOH eMKOCTH 3aBHCHT
TaKJKe H OT qaCTOTbI f. reHepaTopa, TO eCTb OT CKOpOCTH BpaIl{eHHJl pOTopa n2.
Ha pHC. 5.30 npHBe.u;eHbI 3aBHCHMOCTH eMKOCTH COT OTHOCHTeJIbHOH qaCTOTbI
BpaIl{eHHH nzin HOM npH IIoMepJKaHHH HeH3MeHHbIM HaIIpJlJKeHHH Ar MOIl{HO-
5.7. PerYJIHpOB8HHe "l8CTOTbI H H8npH eHHH
8BTOHOMHoro Ar
5.7.1. OfilIJ;HC npofincMLI pcrynHpoBaHHH Ar
IIpH oueHKe 06Il{HX nOKa3aTeJIeH aBTOHOMHOrO Ar He06xo.u;HMO yqHTbI-
BaTb KpoMe paccMoTpeHHoro BbIrue cYIl{eCTBeHHoro H3MeHeHHH HanpHJKeHHH
TaKHe 3KcIInyaTauHoHHbIe ljJaKTopbI, KaK H3MeHeHHe 'IaCTOTbI reHepHpyeMoro
HanpJlJKeHHH, KOTopaH BapbHpyeT C H3MeHeHHeM HarpY3KH H CKOJIbJKeHHH, eCJIH
1111
276
rnaBa 5. ACMHXpoHHble reHepaTopbl
PerynMpoBaHMe 'IaCTOTbl M HanpJl>KeHMJI aBTOHOMHoro Ar
277
JJ:OCTaTOqHO 31jJljJeKTHBHbIMH ,u;JIH 3TOH ueJIH MorYT 6bITb Ha3BaHbI ,u;Ba
THna cxeM aBTOMaTHqeCKOrO perYJIHpOBaHHH Ar C K.3. pOTOpOM [109].
Ha pHC. 5.30, a IIOKa3aHa cxeMa, npH KOTOpOH peaKTIfBHaJI MOIl{HOCTb Ar
peryJIHpyeTCH H3MeHeHHeM eMKOCTH KOH,u;eHcaTopHoH 6aTapeH C nOMOIl{bIO CH-
.110BOrO TpaH3HcTopa, pa60TaIOIl{ero JIH60 B peJKIfMe HeIIpepbIBHoro peryJIHpO-
BaHHH, JIH60 B IfMIIYJIbCHOM peJKHMe. MOm.HOCTb KOH,u;eHcaTopHoH 6aTapeH
,u;OJIJKHa 6bITb ,u;ocTaTOqHOH H ,u;JIH KOMneHcaWIIf peaKTHBHoH COCTaBJIJlIOIl{eH
HarpY3KH.
Ha pHC. 5.30, 6 IIpHBe,u;eHa cxeMa cTa6HJIH3aIJ;HH C IIo,u;MarHHqHBaHHeM
HpMa cTaTopa Ar. He06xo)I;HMbIll ,u;HaIIa30H H3MeHeHHJI COIIpOTHBJIeHHJI Xo Ha-
MarHHqHBaIOIl{erO KOHTypa onpe,u;eJIHeTCJI H3 peryJIHpOBOqHOH xapaKTepHCTH-
Kif, npH 3TOM ,u;JIH 31jJljJeKTHBHOH cTa6HJIH3aIJ;HH HanpJlJKeHHH nplf H3MeHeHHH
HarpY3KH B npe,u;eJIax (0,5...1,25)PH He06xo,u;HMO IfCIIOJIb30BaTb 25...30%
IIJIOIlla,u;H na3a, qro ,u;OJIJKHO 6bITb npe,u;ycMoTpeHo IIplf IIpOeKTHpOBaHHH.
CJIe,u;YeT OTMeTHTb, qTO 3TO
He IIpHBO,u;11T K CYIl{ecTBeHHOMY
YBeJIHqeHllIO ra6apHroB Ar, o,u;-
HaKO conpOBO)K,ll;aeTCJI IfCKaJKeHH-
eM Kp11BOH nOJIH B B03,u;YIlIHOM ]a-
30pe H COOTBeTCTBYlOIWIMH HCKa-
JKeHHJlMH B KpHBOH HaIIpHJKeHHJI
,u;aJKe IIPH C11HYCOH,u;aJIbHOM pac-
IIpe,u;eJIeHHH MJJ:C.
B pa60Te [26] IIpe,u;JIOJKeHa
cxeMa aBTOMaT11qeCKOrO peryJIH-
pOBaHHH HaIIpHJKeHHJI H qaCTOTbI
Ar Ha BapHKoH,u;ax (PHC. 5.31),
KOTOpa51 pa60Tacr CJIe,u;YIOIWIM
06pa30M.
If3MepHTeJIH qaCTOTbi
If HanpJIJKeHHJI Ifq H I1H
IjJHKCIfPYlOT OTKJIOHeHHe
3TlfX IIapaMeTpoB OT HOMH-
HaJIbHbIX 3HaqeHHH If 1jJ0p-
MHPYlOT CHrHaJIbI Ha YCHJIH-
TeJIH Y3 H YE, KOTOpble 3a-
TeM BbIllpJlMJIJIlOTCJI 11 IIOCJIe
IIpe06pa30BaHHJI IIo,u;alOTCJI
Ha BapHKoH,u;bI. BapHKOH)J;bI
B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT BeJIH'-IH-
HbI YIIpaBJIHIOm.ero CHrHaJIa
YBeJIHqHBalOT HJIH YMeHbrnaIOT eMKocTHbIH TOK B036YJK,u;eHHJI, cTa6HJIH311pYH
CTbIO 4,5 KBT IIPH pa60Te B peJKI1Me XOJIOCTOrO xo,u;a. KaK BH,u;HO, no,u;60p He-
06XO)I;HMOH eMKOCTH IIpHIIIJIOCb BbIllOJIHJlTb, HCXO,u;H H3 cooTHorneHHH:
I
'I!
c'" CliO'" (n2110M In2)2
C", CliO'" (n2110M In2)4
(5.107)
(5.108)
npH n2 ) n211o,,, ;
npH n2 ( n2110M .
113 3THX cooTHorneHHH CJIe,u;yeT, qTO npH 3HaqeHHHX CKOpOCTH Bpam.eHHH
pOTopa II2 < 0,9n2HOM Tpe6yeMaH eMKOCTb 6bICTpO B03paCTaeT H reHepaTop noq-
TH nOJIHOCTbIO 3arpYJKaeTCJI peaKTHBHbIM TOKOM.
5.7.2. CTa6HJ1H3au.HH HanpH:lKeHHH H 'JaCTOTl.. Ar
II
II
CTa6HJIH3HpOBaTb BbIXOlIHoe HaIIpHJKeHHe Ar B03MOJKHO B OCHOBHOM
H3MeHeHHeM MarnHTHOrO IIOTOKa, '-!TO MOJKeT 6bITb ,u;OCTHrHYTO:
- H3MeHeHHeM eMKOCTH KOH,u;eHcaTOpoB, no,u;KJIIOqeHHbIX K 06MOTKaM
cTaTopa HJIH ljJa3Horo pOTopa;
- npHMeHeHHeM ynpaBJIJleMbIX peaKTOpoB HllH HeJIHHeHHbIx KOH,u;eHca-
TOpOB (BapHKoH,u;OB);
- H3MeHeHHeM HaIIpJlJKeHHH Ha KOH,u;eHCaTOpax;
- no,u;MarHHqHBaHHeM cep,u;eqHHKa cTaTopa.
TIpH 3TOM BO Bcex CJIyqaHX HJIH 3a CqeT H3MeHeHHJI yrJIa HaKJIOHa BOJIbT-
aMnepHoH xapaKTepHcTHKH ueIIH B036YJK,u;eHHH IcXc, HJIM 3a CqeT H3MeHeHHJI
HaCbIIl{eHHH MarnHTHoH ueIIH H3MeHHeTCJI nOJIOJKeHHe TOqKH A Ha pHC. 5.15,
T.e. peryJIHpycrcJI HanpJlJKeHHe XOJIOCTOro xo,u;a, a 3HaqHT, H pa60qee HanpJl-
JKeHHe Ar.
l
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PUC. 5.30. CxeMa aBTOMaTU'IeCKOrO perYJlUpOBaHuH Ar C ynpaBJlHeMblM
CUJlOBblM TpaH3ucropoM (a) U C nO,L\MarHU'IUBaHUeM HpMa cTaTopa (6)
Half60JIee CJIOJKHO cTa6HJIH3HpOBaTb HaIIpJlJKeHHe Ar npH IIepeMeHHOH
qaCTOTe BpaIl{eHHH pOTopa H H3MeHeHHH HarpY3KH, Kor,u;a o,u;HOBpeMeHHO H3-
MeHJleTCH H BeJIHqHHa, H qaCTOTa BbIxolIHoro HanpJlJKeHHH.
HHJKe IIpHBe,u;eHbI oT,u;eJIbHbIe npHMepbI B03MOJKHbIX cxeM CTa6HJIH3aIIHH
HanpJlJKeHHH H qaCTOTbI Ar.
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PUC. 5.31. CxeMa aBTOMaTU'IeCKOrO pery-
JlUpOBaHuH Ar Ha BapmwlIl.\ax
K Harp.
PUC. 5.32. CxeMa aBTOMaTU'IeCKOffi perYJlupOBa-
HUH Ar C npUMeHeHUeM 6eCKOUTaKTHbiX TUPU-
crOpHblX KJllO'IeU
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PerynMpoBaHMe '1aCTOTbl M HanpJl>KeHMJI aBTOHOMHoro Ar
279
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PUC. 5.33. CxeMa aBTOMaTU'IeCKOrO
perYJlUpOBaHuH Ar ua BapuKo ax
C ynpaBJleHUeM nOCTOHUHLIM TOKOM
.u;OBaTeJIbHO, HaIIpJlJKeHHe Ha Bxo.u;e H BbIxo.u;e 1jJ0pMHpOBaTeJIH 3 CHrHaJIa
yrrpaBneHHJI BapHKoH.u;aMH.
JJ:ml CTa6HJIH3aIJ;HH HaIIpJlJKeHHH BeCbMa 31jJljJeKTHBHbIM MOJKeT 6bITb HC-
nOJIb30BaHHe TpaHcljJopMaTopa C rrepeMeHHbIM K031jJljJHUHemoM TpaHcljJopMa-
UfiH. Ha pHC. 5.34 IIpHBe.u;eHa cxeMa cTa6HJIH3aUHH, nOCTpoeHHaH Ha H3MeHe-
HHH HanpJlJKeHHJI Ha KOH,lI;eHCaTOpax B036YJK.l(eHHH.
ECJIH KOH,lI;eHCaTOpbI B036YJK.l(eHHH BKJIIOqaTb Ha IIoBbIIllaIOIl{YIO 06MOT-
KY TpaHcljJopMaTopa C IIepeMeHHbIM K03IjJIjJHl{HeHTOM TpaHcljJopMaIJ;HH K, MOJK-
HO YMeHbIIIHTb fiX ra6apHTbI H Maccy. IIpH 06bI'lHOH qaCTOTe (50 ru) Macca H
ra6apHTHbIe pa3MepbI TpaHcljJopMaTopa OKa3bIBaIOTCJI BeCbMa 3HaqHTenbHbIMH.
KpoMe Toro, ,lI;JIH KOMIIeHcaUHH peaKTHBHoro TOKa caMoro TpaHcljJopMaTopa
Tpe6YIOTcJI .u;onOJIHHTeJIbHO eMKOCTH KOH,lI;eHCaTopoB.
CTa6HJIH3HpOBaTb BbIXO,ll;-
Hoe HanpHJKeHHe Ar MOJKHO
TaKJKe BKJIIOqeHHeM HaCbIIl{aro-
Il{ero peaKTopa (L) (PHC. 5.35).
IIpH YMeHbIIIeHHH HanpJlJKeHHH
reHepaTopa, CBJl3aHHOro C YBe-
JIHqeHHeM Harpy3KH, HaCbIIl{e-
HHe peaKTopa YMeHbIllaeTcH, a
ero HH.u;yKTHBHOCTb YBenH'-IHBa-
eTCJI. 3To npHBo.u;HT K YMeHbIIIe-
HHIO HH)J;yKTHBHoro TOKa H, KaK CJIe.u;CTBHe, K YBeJIHqeHHIO HanpJlJKeHUH peaK-
Topa. KaK H B rrpe.u;bI,u;YIl{eH cxeMe, B .u;aHHOM cJIyqae TaKJKe He06xo,ll;HMO npe-
.u;ycMaTpHBaTb YBeJIHqeHHe eMKOCTH KOH.u;eHcaTOpoB.
Tp
TP
PUC. 5.36. CxeMa Bo]6Yx;,QeHuH Ar C 4Ja3uLIM pOTOpOM
HaIIpJlJKeHHe Ha BbIxo.u;e Ar. Ha BbIxo.u;e KaHaJIa qaCTOTbI I1q-YE YCTaHOBJIeH
cepBo.u;BHraTenb CJJ:, qaCTOTa BpaI,u;eHHH KOToporo H3MeHHeTCJI H B03.u;eHCTByeT
Ha perynHTop 060pOTOB npHBo.u;Horo ,lI;BHraTeJIH IIJJ:.
Ha pHC. 5.32 [27] rrpHBe.u;eHa cxeMa peryJIHpOBaHHH, nocTpoeilHaH Ha
IIpHMeHeHHH 6ecKoHTaKTHbIx THpHCTOpHbIX KJIIOqeH ETK, ynpaBJIJleMbIX BbI-
qHCJIHTeJIbHbIM 3JIeMeHTOM H no.u;KJIIOqaIOIl{HX OT.u;eJIbHbIe ceKUHH 6aTapeH
KOH,lI;eHCaTOpoB Cl,C2...Cn B 3aBHCHMO-
CTH OT H3MeHeHHJI HanpJlJKeHHH Ar.
BbIqHCJIHTeJIbHOe YCTpOHCTBO
BKJIIOqaeT B ce6J1 CYMM11pYIOIl{ee YCTpOH-
CTBO CY, 1jJ0pMHpYIOIl{ee CHrHaJI no OT-
KJIOHeHHIO HanpJlJKeHHH, HMrrYJIbCHbIH
3JIeMeHT If3, KOTOpbIH IIpe06pa3yeT 3TOT
CHrnaJI B HMnYJIbCHbIH H IIepe.u;aeT Ha BbI-
qHCJIHreJIbHbIH 3JIeMeHT B3, CYMM11pyro-
I,u;HH HMnYJIbCbI C yqeTOM 3HaKa OTKJIOHe-
HHH H 06eCneqHBaIOI,u;HH onpe.u;eJIeHHbIH
3aKOH peryJIHpOBaHHH HanpJlJKeHIUI.
IIpe06pa30BaHHbIH TaKHM 06pa30M CHr-
HaJI nocTYIIaeT Ha cryneHqaTbIH IIpeo6-
pa30BaTeJIb H .u;aJIee - Ha ETK, Kaj[()J;bIH
HX KOTOpbIX c06paH Ha O.u;HOM cHMMeTpHqHOM THpHCTope.
IIpHMeHeHHe BapHKOH.u;OB B CHCTeMax peryJIHpOBaHIUI Ar npHBJIeKa-
TeJIbHO eIl{e O,u;HHM 3aMeqaTeJIbHbIM CBOHCTBOM - BbICOKHM COIIpOTHBJIeH11eM
nOCTOHHHOMY TOKY, qTO n03BOJIHeT ynpaBJIJlTb 11X eMKOCTbIO C HHqTOJKHO Ma-
nOH BeJIH'-IHHOH MOIl{HOCTH KaHaJIa ynpaBJIeHHH. B pa60Te [26] OIIHcaHa TaKaJI
cxeMa (PHC. 5.33) peryJIHpOBaHHH BapHKOH,u;oB IIOCTOJlHHbIM HaIIpJlJKeHHeM,
IIpOIIOpl{HOHaJIbHbIM lI.U - pa3HocTH 3a.u;aHHoro H ljJaKTlIqeCKOrO HaIIpHJKeHHJI
Ar B npe.u;IIOJIOJKeHHH, qTO HarpY3Ka Ar OCTaeTCJI HeH3MeHHoH, a qaCTOTa ero
BpaI,u;eHHH MeHHeTCJI.
JJ:aTqHK qaCTOTbI BpaIl{e-
ceTb HHH 1 HH,u;YKUHoHHoro THna
1jJ0pMHpyeT BbICOKOqaCTOTHbIH
CHrHaJI (60 KrU) C qaCTOTOH
CpbIBOB, npOIIOpl{HOHaJIbHOH
qaCTOTe BpallIeHHH Ar. B IIpe-
06pa30BaTeJIe 2 CHrnaJI npJlMO-
yroJIbHOH 1jJ0pMbI npe06pa3yeT-
CJI B HMnYJIbCbI co cTporo OII-
pe.u;eJIeHHOH )!;JIHTenbHOCTbIO H
B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT BpeMeHHbIx
IIapaMeTpoB 3THX HMnYJIbCOB (IIaY3) MeHHeTCJI cpe.u;Hee 3HaqeHHe TOKa H, CJIe-
CeTL
llJC n
PUC. 5.35. CxeMa cTa6uJlU3al.\UU HanpHme-
UUH Ar C uaCLIlQalOlQUMCH peaKTopoM
ceTb
PUC. 5.34. CxeMa cTa6uJlu]al.\uu uanpHmeuuH
Ar C perYJlupyeMLIM TpaHc4JopMaropoM
B Ka'leCTBe Ar MorYT YCIIeruHo npHMeHHTbCJI aCHHxpoHHbIe MaUIHHbI C
IjJa3HbIM pOTOpOM. IIpH 3TOM B03MOJKHbI cne)J;yIOI,u;He BapHaHTbI BKJIIO'leHHH:
1. KOH,u;eHCaTOpbI B036Yj[()J;eHHJI BKJIIO'laIOTCJI Ha 3aJKHMbI cTaTopHoH 06-
MOTKU, IIapaJIJIeJIbHO HarpY3Ke. PeOCTaT qepe3 KOHTaKTHble KOJIbua nO)I;KJIIOqa-
eTCJI K ljJa3HoMY POTOPY. CTa6HJIH3aUUJI qaCTOTbI .u;OCTHraeTCJI O,u;HOBpeMeH-
II;
II
!I
1'1'11'
III! I
280
rnaBa 5. ACMHXpoHHble reHepaTopbl
HbIM H3MeHeHHeM eMKOCTH KOH.u;eHcaTopoB H aKTHBHOrO COIIpOTHBJIeHHH peo-
CTaTa.
2. KOH.u;eHcaTopbI B036YJK.u;eHHH BKJIIOqalOTCJI B uellb ljJa3Horo pOTopa, a
HarpY3Ka - B uellb cTaTopa. CTa6HJIH3aIJ;11JI qaCTOTbI oCYIl{eCTBJIJIeTcH H3MeHe-
HHeM eMKOCTH KOH.u;eHcaTopoB B036Yj[()J;eH11H.
3. KOH.u;eHcaTopbI B036y)[()J;eHHJI BKJIIOqalOTCH B uenb cTaTopa HJIH pOTopa
qepe3 TpaHcljJopMaTop HJIH aBTOTpaHcljJopMaTOp C nepeMeHHbIM K031jJIjJHIJ.HeH-
TOM TpaHcljJopMauHH (PHC. 5.36). PeryJIHpOBaHHe qaCTOTbI 06eCIIeql-IBaeTCH
H3MeHeHHeM K031jJ1jJlfIIHeHTa TpaHcljJopMaUHH, npH 3TOM KOH,u;eHCaTOpbI B036y-
JK,lI;eHHH BKJIIOqalOTCH BO BTOp11'-IHYlO uellb nOBbInralOIl{erO TpaHcljJopMaTopa,
qTO 3HaqHTeJIbHO YMeHbnracr He06xo.u;HMYIO eMKOCTb KOH.u;eHcaTOpOB.
1 I
III
"
I
1;11
II
5.7.3. HHBepTopHbIH aCHHxpoHHbIH reHepaTop
I
!I
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I i
ra6apHTbI H Macca KOH.u;eHcaTopoB B036Yj[()J;emfH aBTOHOMHoro Ar
06blqHO 3HaqHTeJIbHbI H B03pacTalOT C YBeJI11qeHHeM MOllIHOCTH reHepaTopa. B
pa60Te [24] paccMaTplfBaeTcH O.u;IfH H3 Bap11aHTOB IfCnOJIb30BaHHH HHBepTopa B
CIfCTeMe B036YJK.LIeHHH aCHHxpoHHoro reHepaTopa. rJIaBHbIM IIpe11MYIl{eCTBOM
TaKOH MaIIIHHbI HBJIHeTCJI OTCYTcTBHe KOH.u;eHcaTopoB B036Yj[()J;eHIfJI, a reHepa-
TOp MOJKeT 6bITb H aBTOHOMHbIM, 11
Be.u;OMbIM CeTblO, nOCKOJIbKY ceTb
nepeMeHHoro TOKa HYJKHOH qaCTO-
TbI C031IaeTCH HHBepTopOM.
Ha plfC. 5.37 np11Be.u;eHa
cxeMa aCIfHxpoHHoro reHepaTopa C
11HBepTopHbIM B036Y)K,ll;eHHeM.
TIepBOHa'IaJIbHO HanpHJKeHHe aK-
KYMYJIJlTOpHOH 6ampeH (AE) IIpe-
06pa3YeTCJI IfHBepTopoM (11) B HM-
IIYJIbCHOe HanpH)KeHHe He06xo.u;lf-
MOH qaCTOTbI H aCIfHxpoHHbIH re-
HepaTop B036YJK.u;aeTcH. CHHYCOH-
.u;aJIbHaH 3JJ:C nOL\aeTCJI B HarpY3KY, a Ha HHBepTop IIo.u;aeTCH nOCTOJIHHOe Ha-
npHJKeH11e qepe3 BbmpHMHTeJIbHOe YCTPOHCTBO (BY).
He06xo.u;HMO Y'IHTbIBaTb, '-!TO nOJIynpoBo.u;HIfKoBble YCTpoHcTBa HCKa-
JKaIOT 1jJ0PMY CHrHaJIa, II03TOMY B uellb HarpY3KH He06xo.u;HMO BKJIlO'IaTb
IjJHJIbTpbI.
JJ:JIJI C03.u;aHHH peaKTHBHOH MOIl{HOCTIf, He06xo.u;11MOH .u;JIH B036Yj[()J;eHHH
Ar, BMeCTO KOH.u;eHcaTopoB MOryT IfCIIOJIb30BaTbCH YIIpaBJIJleMbIe nOJIYIIpo-
BO.u;HHKOBbIe npe06pa30BaTeJIH. ECJIH C IIOMOIl{blO cxeMbI ynpaBJIeHHH BKJIlO-
'laTb BeHTHJIH He C OTCTaBaHHeM, a C OIIepeJKeHHeM OTHOCHTeJIbHO MOMeHTa IIe-
peCeqeHHJI KPHBbIX ljJa3Hblx 3JJ:C KOMMYTHpyeMbIx BeHT11JIeH, TO npH YCJIOB11H
@
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PHC. 5.37. BeHTHJ1bHOe B036Y;KAeHHe AI' C
aBTOHOMHbIM IIHBepropoM
PerynMpoBaHMe '1aCTOTbl M HanpR>KeHMR aBTOHOMHoro Ar
281
coxpaHeHIfJl ,lI;JIHTeJIbHOCTH IIepHo.u;a BKJIIOqeHHJI BeHTHJIH (nyreM HCKyccTBeH-
HOH KOMMYTaUHH) TOK B KaJK.u;oH ljJa3e OKaJKeTCH OIIepeJKaIOIl{HM no oTHorue-
HHIO K COOTBeTCTByroIl{eH ljJa3HoH 3JJ:C. JJ:JIH ero nepBOH rapMoHHKH \jIJ< 0, TO
eCTb B03HHKaeT TOT JKe 31jJ-
<p eKT , qTO H IIp11 HCnOJIb30Ba- JJ:
HHH KOH.u;eHcaTopOB - Ar
nOJIY'IaeT peaKTHBHYlO MOIl{-
HOCTb, He06xo.u;HMYIO .u;JIJI
B036Yj[()J;eHHH.
TaKHe BeHTHJIbHbIe Ar
06JIa.u;aIOT XOpOruHMH Macco-
ra6apHTHbIMII IIOKa3aTeJIHMIf
H perYJIHpOBO'-IHbIMH CBOHCT-
BaMH, o.u;HaKO 3JIeKTpH'leCKaJI
cxeMa ynpaBJIeHHJI .u;OJIJKHa PHC. 5.38. CxeMa Ar C HHBepTopoM
06eCne'-lI1BaTb HCKyccTBeH-
HYlO KOMMYTaIJ.HlO BeHTHJIeH.
JJ:pyraJI B03MOJKHOCTb B036YJK.u;eHHH Ar - no.u;KJIlOqeHHe ero cTaTopHOH
06MOTKIf K HHBepTopy C COOTBeTCTBYlOlIII1M yrnoM 13 < 0 H peaKTHBHOH MOIl{-
HOCTbIO Q. OlIHa H3 cxeM TaKoro Ar C TpexljJa3HbIM MOCTOBbIM HHBepTopoM Ha
THpHcTopax T, nHTaeMbIM OT AE, IIpHBe.u;eHa Ha plfC. 5.38. B03MOJKeH peJKHM
pa60TbI If 6e3 AE, Kor.u;a 3HeprHJI, He06xo.u;HMaJI .u;JIJI pa60TbI HHBepTopa, He-
IIpepbIBHo 3aIIaCaeTCJI B eMKOCTH C, 3apHJKaeMOH qepe3 .u;HO.u;bI JJ:. BeJIHqHHa
TaKOH eMKOCTH cYllIecTBeHHo MeHbnre, qeM eMKOCTb TpexljJa3HoH 6aTapelf ca-
MOB036Yj[()J;eHIfJI Ar, no.u;KJIlOqaeMOH IIapanJIeJIbHO HarpY3Ke, o.u;HaKO 3JIeKTp11-
'IeCKa51 cxeMa HeCKOJIbKO YCJIOJKHHeTCJI.
5.7.4. ABTOMaTH'IeCKaH CTaOHJIH3aUHH HarpY3KH Ar
r
B HaUHOHaJIbHOM a3pOKOCMHqeCKOM YHHBepC11TeTe IfM. H.E. )KYKOBCKO-
ro «XAI1» pa3pa6OTaHa [145] cxeMa aBTOMaT11qeCKOH cTa6HJIH3aUlfH HarpY3KH
aBTOHOMHoro aC11HXpOHHoro reHepaTopa c eMKOCTHbIM B036YJK.u;eHHeM.
)TCTpOHCTBO pa60TaeT OT aKTHBHoro H nOJIHOrO TOKa H 06eCneqHBacr
cTa6HJIIf3aU11IO ypOBHH MOIl{HOCTIf OTKJIIOqeHHeM Pa3JIHqHbIX rpynn IIoTpe6H-
TeJIeH 3Hepr1111. EMKOCTb KOH.u;eHcaTopoB B036YJK.u;eHHH OIITHMH3HpoBaHa no
KIIJJ:, cos q> 11 MOIl{HOCTH, IIOTpe6mleMOH HarpY3KOH. TIpH OIIpe.u;eJIeHHOH eM-
KOCTH KOH.u;eHcaTopHbIx 6aTapeH HaIIpJlJKeH11e reHepaTopa IIa.u;aeT .u;o HYJIH. 113-
6eJK3Tb 3Toro JlBJIeH11JI MOJKHO YBeJIHqeHHeM eMKOCTH KOH.u;eHcaTopHbIX 6aTa-
peH. JJ:JIH coxpaHeHHH pa60TOCIIOC06HOCT11 aBTOHOMHOro aCIfHxpOHHoro reHe-
paTopa B3Y He06xo.u;11MO IIO.u;1IepJKHBaTb IIOTpe6JIJleMyro MOIl{HOCTb B H3BeCT-
HbIX npe.u;eJIax. Y CTpOHCTBO OTKJIIOqacr qaCTb nOTpe6HTeJIeH npH neperpY3KC
CeT11. IIoTpe6HTeJIIf OTKJIIO'IaIOTCJI no Mepe B03paCTaHHJI MOIl{HOCTH. Y CTPOH-
I: I
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rnaBa 5. ACMHXpoHHble reHepaTopbl
PerynMpoBaHMe '1aCTOTbl M HanpR>KeHMR aBTOHOMHoro Ar
283
EMKOCTb C 2 CJIYJKHT ,lI;nH CrnaJKHBaHHH nYJIbCal{HH HaIIpJlJKeHHH Mej[()J;Y
TOqKaMH a H 6. C nOMor.u;bIO IIOTeHl{HOMeTpa R7 npOH3BO,ll;HTCJI HaCTpOHKa
IIpH60pa.
BbIXo.u;Hoe HanpJlJKeHHe H3MepHTemi IIo.u;aeTCJI qepe3 cTa6HJIHTpOH V D3
Ha TpHrrep, BbIIIonHeHHbIH Ha TpaH3HCTOpax V n H V T2 .
TIpH OTCYTCTBHH IIeperpY3KH reHepaTOpa B HCXO.u;HOM COCTOJlHHH TpaH-
311CTOp VT2 - OTKpbIT, a V TI - 3aKpbIT.
IIpH YBeJIHYIeHHH HanpJlJKeHHH
Ha BbIxo.u;e H3MepHTenH .u;o YCTaHOB- A
neHHoH HOpMbI TpaH3HCTop V n OT-
KpblBaeTCJI H, COOTBeTCTBeHHO, VT2 -
3aKpblBaeTcH. TIpH CHHJKeHHH CHrHa-
na TpHrrep B03Bpar.u;aeTCJI B Hcxo.u;Hoe
COCTOJlHHe. B HCXOlIHOM COCTOJlHHH
TOK KarylliKH peJIe P IIpaKTHqeCKH
paBeH HynIO. TIp11 cpa6aTblBaHlfH
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HaJIbHOH MOIl{HOCTblO 110 KBT H CHHXpOHHOH CKOpOCTbIO BpallIeHHH
150006/MHH. KOJKYX Mo,u;ynH rOJIOBKH BeTporyp6HHbI IIpe,u;Ha3HaqeH ,u;nH 3allIH-
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POCo 5.47. MOI1YJIb roJIOBKO B3Y USW 56 - 100:
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ruHIIHHKOB H 3y6'laTbIX nepe,u;aq.
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6bICTpOXOlI HbIX BanOB MYJIbT11IIJIHKaTOpa K reHepaTopaM. IfMeIOT B CBoeM COCTa-
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OCHOBHbIe 3JIeMeHTbI rOJIOBKll nOKa3aHbI Ha pHC. 5.50.
CWl060ii 3J1eMellm ZOJl06KU (IIJIaTIjJopMa) c.rryJKIIT ,lI.IDI pa3MeUIeHllil H 33KpeII-
JIeHlfH ee COCTaBHbIX qaCTeH H IIpe,u;CTaBAAeT C060H UeJIbHocBapH)'IO KOHcrpYJ<l{HIO 113
CTaJIbHOrO npOKaTa.
Bwz-cmynul(a YCTaHaR1IllBaeTCSI Ha IIJIarljJopMe H 06eCIIe'lliBacr IllapHllpHoe 3a-
KpeIIJIeHHe JIOnaCTeH BeTpOKOJIeCa, KpeIIJIeHHe BeTpOKOJIeca K IIJIaTljJopMe H IIOBOpOT
JIOnaCTeH npH perylIHpOBaHHH MOIIIHOCTif BeTpOKOJIeca. BKJIIO'-IaeT B ce6J1 IIo,u;ruIfn-
HHKOBbIll Y3eJI, BaJI, CTYIIHUY, YCTpOHCTBO CHHXpOHHOro IIOBopOTa JIOnaCTeH OTHO-
CHTeJIbHO HX IIpO,u;OJIbHbIX DeeH C np)')KIfHHbIM MeXaHIf3MOM H KOK.
Ha Ban nO,ll;llIHIIHHKOBoro Y3lla YCTaHOBJIeH ,u;HCK C ornepCTIDlMI:! ,lI.IDI IjJHKcaTOpa,
YCTaHOBJIeHHoro Ha Kopnyce.
MylJlma 3y6'la11UlH o6ecne'-IHBacr IIepe,u;aqy KpYTHIIIero MOMema OT BeTpOKOJIeca
K MYJIbTHIIJIIIKaTOPY. ORa COCTOHT 113 ,D;BYX IIOnyKOpnyCOB, KOTopbIe MOryT paCCThIKO-
BbIBaThCH, 06eCneqHBaTb ,u;OCTYII K MYIjJTe pa3,l1;eJIHTeJIbHOH, a TaKJKe C'beM Ka:lK,[(OH
nOJIYMYIjJThI 6e3 ,u;eMOHIIDKa Ban-Cl)'IIHUbI C IIJIaTljJopMbI.
111'1
I!
I
'I
I
II
I
I
11M zui>pocucmeMbl
'I!
I
':J
I I I,
: III!
Puc. 5.50. KOHCIpyrcrHBHIIH cxeMa roJIOBKH Be1JIOycraHOBKH B3Y -500
MYJlbmUI1JlUKamop ,u;ByxIIOTOqHbIH, C pa3,l1;aqeH MOIIIHOCTH Ha ,D;Ba 6bIcrpO-
XO)l;HbIX Bana, TpexC'I)'IIeH'IaTbrH (IIepe,u;aTOqHOe OTHOnreHife i = 31,7), co CKB03HbIM
, I
111 ) 1 II
1'/1
I
296
rllaBa 5. ACMHXpoHHble reHepaTopbl
npMMepbl nocTpOeHMJ1 B3Y C aCMHxpoHHblMM
reHepaTopaMM
297
II
II
CBH3H (I1JJ:0C) 3aKperrneH Ha rrnaTljJopMe H coe,!.\llHeH Y,lI)IHHIITeJIeM 'lepe3 pa3,L\emr-
TeJIbHYID MY«lnY C BaJIOM yrrpaBJIeHHH MeXaHlI3Ma noBOpoTa JIOnaCTeH.
IIepexoOlIllK 06eCneqHBaeT IllapHHpHoe 3aKpenJIeH11e rOJIOB 11 C BeTpOKO-
JIeCOM Ha 6aUIHe. K HHJKHeMY ero OCHOBaHHIO npHKperrneH onopHo-rroBOpOTHbIll
Kpyr ,u;HaMeTpOM 1900 MM, Ha KOTOpOM OH rroBopaqHBaeTCH COBMeCTHO C roJIOBKOH.
TIOBOpOT rOJIOBKH Ha BeTep ocyrueCTBJIHeTCH rro KOMaH,lI;aM CHCTeMbI OpHemaIJ;HH
,u;BYMH MOTop-peIJ.YKTopaMH MOIl{HOCTbIO IIO 1,1 KBT KIDK.L\brH qepe3 CHJIOBbIe qep-
BWIHbIe pe,u;YKTopbI C BbIXO,u;OM Ha 3y6qaTbIH BeHeu orropHo-noBopOTHoro Kp}Ta.
B nepexolIHHKe YCTaHOBJIeH IjJHKcaTOp MH MeXaH11qecKoro CTOIIopeHHH OT
npOBopOTa B IIepHO,u; npoBe,u;eHHH TeXHHqecKoro 06CJIy)!(llBaHHH 1I peMomHbIX pa-
60T, cHa6JKeHHbIll M11KpoBbIKJIIO'laTeJIeM, CHrHaJIH3HpyroIUHM Ha nyJIbT yrrpaBJIeH11Jl 0
pacIjJHKcaWIH rrepexO)I;H11Ka. BepXHee OCHOBaHHe IIepeXO)I;H11Ka BbIIIOJIHeHO HaKJIOH-
HbIM K ropH30HTY IIO,u; yrJIOM 5°, '-!TO 06eCIIeq11BaeT COOTBeTCTByroIl{ee rrOJIOJKeHHe
OCH BeTpOKOJIeca. JJ:n51 BbIxo,u;a B rOJIOBI<)' B IIepexO,ll;HI1Ke YCTaHOBJIeHa JIeCTHHIJ;a.
ElUU1lH COCTOHT H3 KOHHqecK11X CeKU11ll, COe)I;UHeHHbIX nOCJIe,u;OBaTeJIbHO
MeJK,u;y C060H 60JITOBbIM11 COe,ll;11HeHHHMH 11 YCTaHOBJIeHHbIX Ha <:DOK. TIpe)I;Ha3Ha-
qeHa ,lI;JIH pa3Mell{eHHH 3JIeKTpOTeXHU'-IeCKOrO 06oPy,u;oBaHHH, CHCTeMbI yrrpaBJIeHIill,
rOJIOBK11 C BeTpOKOJIecOM Ha 3a,l1;aHHOH BbICOTe, a TaKJKe cpe,L\CTB ,u;OCTaBKI1 06cnyJKH-
BaIOIl{ero nepcoHaJIa B roJIOBK)'.
cPyllOaMellmnoe onop1l0e KOJlbU,O (WOK) npe,u;CTaBJIHeT c060H U11JI11H)J;pHqe-
CKYIO 06eqaHI<)' C IjJJIaHUaMH, 3a,l1;eJIaHIIYIO B 6eTOH.
A6mOM.amU3Up06allllaR CucmeM.a ynpa6Jle1lUR (ACJ] rrpe,u;Ha3HaqeHa
,u;JIH YIIpaBJIeHHH BeTpOYCTaHOBKOH npH ee 3anycKe, pa60Te H BbIKJIIOqeH11HX,
KOHTpoJIJI IIapaMeTpOB H ,u;11arHOCTHpOBaHH5I COCTOHHHH YCTpOHCTB H CHCTeM.
ACY BKJIIOqaeT B ce651:
- IIporpaMMHO-TeXHH'-IeCKHH KOMIIJIeKC THIIa «YHIIKOHT»;
- CHCTeMY YIIpaBJIeH11H BeTpOKOJIeCOM;
- H3MepHTeJIb paCCOrJIaCOBaHHH OCH BeTpOKOJIeCa H HanpaBJIeHHH BeTpa;
- COrJIaCYIOIl{He YCTpOHCTBa;
- YCTpOHCTBa CHJIOBOH KOMMYTaWIH H Ka6eJIbHYIO CeTb;
- ,u;aT'-lHKH C YCHJI11TeJIHM11-IIpeo6pa30BaTeJIHMH.
IIpozpllM.M.llo-mexllu'leC1wii KOM.1lJleKC (IITK) IIpe,u;Ha3Ha'leH ,lI;JIH YIIpaB-
JIeHHH, ,u;HarnOCTHpOBaHHH TeXHHqeCKOrO COCT05lHHH, BbI)J;aqH KOMaH,lI;bI Ha BbI-
KJIIOqeHHe B3Y npH BbIxo,u;e o,u;Horo H3 ,u;HarHocTHpyeMbix IIapaMeTpOB 3a ,u;o-
rrYCTHMbIe 3HaqeHHH, 06MeHa HHljJopMauHeH MeJK,u;y B3Y 11 UeHTpanbHbIM nyJIb-
TOM yrrpaBJIeHHH [(IIY.
CucmeM.a ynpa6Jle1lUR 6empOKOJleCOM. (CYBK) 06ecIIeqHBaeT BbI)J;aqy
KOMaH,lI; Ha pa3BOpOT JIOIIaCTeH B npouecce 3anycKa BeTpoarperaTa 11 peryJIHpO-
BaHHe ero MOIl{HOCTH, a TaKJKe 06ecIIe'lHBaeT TeXHOJIOrH'-leCKHH 11 aBapHHHbIH
OCTaHOB BeTpOKOJIeca. BKJIIO'laeT B ce6H IIpH60p YIIpaBJIeHH5I, HH)J;yKUHOHHbIH
,lI;aTqHK 'laCTOTbi BpaIl{eHHH H COe)I;UHHTeJIbHbIe Ka6eJIH. TIpH60p CYBK-M500
paCIIOJIOJKeH BHH3Y 6aruHH.
CucmeM.a 3JleKmpU'leCKOZO o6opyoo6allllR (C30) IIpelIHa3Ha'leHa ,lI;JIH
IIpeo6pa30BaHHH MeXaHHqeCKOH 3HeprnH Bpall{eHHH BeTpOKOJIeca B 3JIeKTpHqe-
CKYIO 3HeprHIO IIepeMeHHoro TpexljJa3Horo TOKa H BbI)J;aqH ee B ceTb, a TaKJKe
lIJIH IIHTaHHH BHYTpeHHHx IIoTpe6HTeJIeH (co6cTBeHHbIx HYJK,lI;) BeTp0ycTaHoBKH.
B COCTaB C30 BXO)I;HT:
- ,u;Ba aCHHxpoHHbIX ,u;ByxpeJKHMHbIX reHepaTopa;
- qeTbIpe KOMMyTaUHoHHo-pacIIpe,u;eJIHTeJIbHbIX IllKaljJa (KPlll);
- CHCTeMa OCBell{eHHH;
- rrpHBO,ll; YCTpOHCTBa OpHeHTaUHH rOJIOBKH (IjJYHKUHOHaJIbHO);
- IIpHBO,u; TopM03a BeTpoKOJIeCa (IjJYHKiIHOHaJIbHO);
- IIp11BO,u; YCTpoHcTBa BeHTHJIHUHH H TepMoperyJIHpOBaHH5I Ka6HHbI
(IjJYHKU110HaJIbHO );
- Ka6eJIbHaH CeTb.
CucmeM.a opuellmau,uu 6empOKOJleCa lla 6emep 06eCIIe'lHBaeT Op11eHTa-
WIIO rrepexo,u;HHKa C rOJIOBKOH H BeTpoKOJIeCOM HaBcTpeqy BeTpoBoMY IIOTOI<)'.
BKJIIOqaeT B Ce6H YCTpOHCTBO orrpe,u;eJIeHHH paccOrJIaCOBaHHH OCH BeTpOKOJIeCa H
HaIIpaBJIeHlfH BeTpa, YCTaHOBJIeHHOe Ha rOJIOBKe, JIOrHqeCKHH 6JIOK ynpaBJIeHH5I
opHeHTaUHeH, CHJIOBOH (KOMMYTaWIOHHbIH) 6JIOK, BbIL\aIOIl{HH 3JIeKTpHqeCK11e
KOMaHJ],bI Ha 3JIercrpO,u;BHraTeJIH MOTop-pe)J;yKTOpOB, paCIIOJIOJKeHHbIX B nepexo,u;-
HHKe.
CucmeM.a 3JleKmpOnUma1lUR 06ecIIeq11BaeT 3JIeKTpOIIHTaHHe BHYTpeHHHx
IIOTpe6HTeJIeH B3Y-500 HanpHJKeHHeM (IIepeMeHHbIM 380 11 220 B, IIOCTOHHHbIM
24 H 27 B).
CucmeM.a c6emOOZpa:JICOe1lUR IIpe,u;Ha3HaqeHa ,lI;JI5I 0603HaqeHHH B3Y-
500 KaK BbICOTHoro 06'beKTa B TeMHoe BpeMH CYTOK H IIPH IIJIOXOH BH,u;HMOCTH B
CBeTJIOe BpeMH H BKJIIOqaeT B ce651 ,u;Ba orHH 30fl-2M C KOJIIIaKaMH Py611HOBOrO
l{BeTa, KpoHIllTeHHbI ,u;JIH HX KpeIIJIeHHH Ha KpbIIlle o6TeKaTeJIH, Ka6eJIH 11 BbIKJIIO-
qaTeJIb. He06xolIHMOCTb YCTaHOBK11 CHCTeMbI Ha B3Y oIIpe,ll;eJIHeTC5I 3aKa3qHKoM.
Cucme.Jl1a oxpallbl, 3aU{umbl u CUZllaJlmau,uu IIpe,u;Ha3Ha'leHa ,u;JIH IIpe,ll;OT-
BparueHH5I HecaHKUHOHHpOBaHHOrO ,u;ocrylla IIOCTOpOHHHX JIHU B 6aruHIO H 1'0-
JIOBI<)' BeTpoarperaTa.
CucmeM.a M.OJlIlUe3aU{umbl 06ecne'-IHBaeT 3aruHTY JIOnaCTeH, arperaToB B
rOJIOBKe BeTp0YCTaHoBKH 11 3JIercrpo06opy,u;oBaH11H B 6aruHe OT rp030BbIX pa3p5l-
,u;OB aTMocljJepHoro 3JIeKTpH'lecTBa, a TaKJKe CTOK CTaTHqeCKOrO 3apMa Ha 3a3eM-
JIeHHe. JJ:JIH 3Toro Ha rOJIOBKe YCTaHOBJIeH MOJIHHerrp11eMHHK, CTOK pa3pH,u;a OT
MOJIHHeIIpHeMH11Ka BbIIIOJIHeH B BH,u;e CIIeUHaJIbHbIX IIepeMblqeK H Tpoca, IIpO-
XO,D,5l.Il{ero BHyrpH 6aUIHH.
B Ta6JI. 5. 7 IIpHBe,u;eHbI TPH 3HaqeHHH BbICOTbI pa3MeIl{eHHH OCH BeTpo-
KOJIeca - 35, 50 11 70 M, qTO oIIpe,u;eJIHeT pa3JIH'lHble 3Ha'leHHH K031jJljJHUHeHTa
HCnOJIb30BaHH5I YCTaHOBJIeHHOH MOIl{HOCTH (IIpH Vcp ro,!1 = 6 M/c) - 0,24, 0,30 H
0,35 COOTBeTCTBeHHO. Ha pHC. 5.51, a IIpHBe,u;eHbI ,u;JI5I 3THX YCJIOBHH rpaljJHKH
3aBHCHMOCTH BbIpa60TKH 3JIeKTp03Hepr11H OT cpe,u;Hero,ll;OBOH CKOpOCTH BeTpa.
Illi
I
I
1
II
II
I
It
II
I[
I
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11'1
11 111
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11" 11
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1::: 11
I III
III
i 1111
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298
rllaBa 5. ACMHXpoHHble reHepaTopbl
npMMepbl nocTpOeHMJ1 B3Y C aCMHxpoHHblMM
reHeparopaMM
299
Ha pilC. 5.51,6 IIOKa3aHa MOll{HOCTHa5I xapaKTepHcTHKa 3TOll B3Y, COOT-
BeTcTBYIOll{aH IIpHBe.u;eHHbIM BbIllie IIapaMeTpaM BeTpOKOJIeca.
YBeJIH'leHHe .u;JIHHbI JIOIIaCTeH L\O 22 M H MOIl{HOCTH ,u;Byx Ar .u;o 630 KBT,
qTO IIJIaHHpyeTcH IIPH Mo.u;epHH3aIJ;HH B3Y-500, rr03BOJIHT YBeJIHqHTb r .u;oBYIO
Bblpa60TKY 3JIeKTp03HeprnH B 1,8 paJa.
Bep;yiIIaH MeXaHH'-IeCKaH uerrb COCTOHT H3 BaJIa pOTopa, TpaHcMHccHH, IIP11-
cOe,u;HHeHHOH C IIOMOIl{bIO IIO,u;BH)l(HOH MyIjJTbI, 3JIaCTHqHOrO Kap.u;aHHoro coe,u;H-
HeHHH H reHep Topa. TpaHcMHccHH BbIIIOJIHeHa B BillIe .u;ByxcTyrreHqaTOH IIJIaHe-
TapHOH rrepe.u;a'lH.
Oxnaj[()J;eHIfe IIpOH3BO.u;HTCH IIO ,lI;BYM OXllaj[()J;aIOIl{HM KOHTypaM. I10)l;llIHIIHH-
KH IIOCTOSlHHO cMa3bmaroTCSI: IIYTeM pa36pbI3rnBaHHH. TeMIIeparypa rro.u;IIIHIIHH-
KOB H Macna IIOCTOHHHO KOIITpOJIHPYeTCH.
MDT."
p
Pa60Ta B3Y npll I ,
nBK = 32 o6/MHH I
V
/ PaGOTa B3Y np}! nBK = 48 06/MH.H
V
17
\
t,
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,
KBT
500
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'.
,
400
1
4 2 \
11 f' .!\2 10 8 7 ;\\ tL
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'.' ;- _\:\ "\ ., Ik"-' , "'
· i:...:'.;. \r:,; ",.",$ f 3
,. ""'f?" ,yr-
. , r r" . .. 1 9
.,
"t'....;-
_,r 1516
1000
300
200
500
100
o
Mlc
15
20
5
10
4.5
5,5
6,5
70S MIl:
, ,'. lh"::;
a
6
PRC. 5.51. Cpe,QHem,QoBaH BLlpaooTKa :meKTpo:mepI'HH (a) H MOIl\HOCTHaH (6)
XapaKTepHCTHKa 83Y-500
'!>-u
CJIe)J;yeT TaIOKe OTMeTHTh, 'lTO IIP11 IIOqTH paBHblx y.u;eJIbHOH MaTepHa-
JIOeMKOCTH H cpe.u;Hero.u;OBoH Bblpa60TKe 3JIeKTp03Heprn11 CTOHMOCTb B3Y-500
B 1,9 - 1,75 pa3a HHJKe 3apy6eJKHbIX aHaJIOrOB (Enercon E40/500 - 500 KBT,
AEV 36/500 - 500 KBT, De Wind -500 KBT) [38].
.,
1:.
i :
1
. .
5.8.4. BeTpoycTaHoBKH 60JIl.lliOH MOll{HOCTH C Ar HpMbl «Nord ex»
PHC. 5.52. OOIl\HH BH.lI I'0J10BKH seTpoycTaHoBKH Nordex N80/2500: 1 -
Jlonacmu: 2 - cmynutfa: 3 - pUMa ZOJl06KU B3Y: 4 - nOOlUunllUKU pomopa: 5 -
6UJl pomopa: 6 - mpallc,wucCUR: 7 - OUCK06blU mopMo3: 8 - MytjJma zellepamopa:
9 - zellepamop: 10 - OXJlU:HCOawU{uu paouamop: 11 - 6ellmWLRmOpbl paouamo-
pa: 12 - cucmeMa 6empou3MepelluR: 13 - cucmeMa ynpa6JlelluR: 14 - zuopa6Jlu-
'leCKaR cucmeMa: 15 - n06opomllblii npu6oo: 16 - onopllble noolUunlluKu ZOJl06-
KU: 17 - K03lCJ'X: 18 - 6alUllR: 19 - cucmeMa lllWellelllLR yma ycmallo6Ku Jlonacmu
TIpHMepoM B3Y KJIaCCa C MOll{HOCTbIO OT 600 KBT .u;o 2,5 MBT, pa60-
TaIOIl{HX rrapaJIJIeJIbHO C 3HeprocHcTeMoH, HBJIHIOTCH TaK)l(e HaXOJU!Il{HeCH B
3KCIIJIyaTaWIH HnH B CTa,u;HH paJpa60TKH B3Y HeMeUKoH IjJHpMbI «Nordex
GmbH». BeTp03JIeKTpH'-lecKaJI YCTaHOBKa Nordex N80/2500 [159] o.u;Ha H3 IIO-
CJIe,ll;HHX H HaH60JIee KpynHblx B3Y H3 pa3pa60TOK 3TOH KOMnaHHH. Ee 06Il{He
TeXHH'-IeCKHe .u;aHHble H .u;aHHble B3Y Nordex-1300 IIpe.u;CTaBJIeHbI B Ta6JI. 5.7.
Ha pHC. 5.52 npHBe.u;eH 06Il{HH BillI rOJIOBKH B3Y Nordex N80/2500.
BeTpoTyp6HHa COCTOHT H3 :qJex JIOnaCTeH, CTYITHIIbI, IIOBopOTHbIX nO,ll;ruHrr-
HHKOB H IIpHBO.u;HbIX MexaHH3MOB, H3MeHHIOll{HX yrOJI YCTaHoBKH JIOIIacTeH. floIIa-
CTH H3rOTOBJIeHbI H3 IIonH3cTepa, apMHpoBaHHoro CTeKJIOBOJIOKHOM. A3P0,u;HHaMH-
'leCKHH TOpM03 C03,l1;aeTCH caMHMH JIOIIaCTHMH, KOTopbIe MOryT nOBOpaqHBaTbCSI
rreprreH.u;HKyJIJIPHo llJIOCKOCTH BpaUIeHHH Typ6HHbI. florracrn OCHallIeHbI CHCTeMOH
MOnHHe3allIHTbI, COCTOHIl{eH H3 MeTaJInH'lecKoro IIpHeMHHKa, IIepe.u;aIOIl{erO 3Hep-
DfIO MOJIHIIH Ha crynuIIy.
B KaqeCTBe reHepaTopa 11CnOJIb30BaHa acHHXpOHHaH ,u;BYXCKOpOCTHaH MaIIIH-
Ha C HOMHHaJIbHOM MOIl{HOCTbIO 2500 KBT. OrrTHMaJIbHaH TeMrreparypa reHepa-
Topa IIoMepJKHBaeTCH Bo.u;Ho-rJIHKOJIeBbIM OXllaj[()J;aIOIl{HM KOHIypOM.
POJIb a3po.u;HHaMHqecKoro TopM03a BbIIIonHHeTCH JIOIIaCTHMH, yrrpaBJIe-
HHe IIpOH3BO.u;HTCSI He3aBHCHMO .u;M Ka)l(.u;oH JIOIIaCTH.
B cJIY"lae c60eB B pa60Te B3Y JIOIIaCTH YCTaHaBnHBaIOTcH B rrOJIOJKeHHe,
rrepIIeHJ{11K)'JIHpHOe IIJIOCKOCTH BpaIl{eHHH BeTp0Typ6HHbI. KpoMe Toro, Nordex
N80/2500 OCHaIIIaeTCH MeXaHH'IeCKHM TOpM030M, C03.u;aIOll{HM YCHJIHe, paBHoe 1,2
HOMHHaJIbHOro MOMeHTa. MeXaHHqeCKHH TOpM03 pa60TaeT COBMeCTHO C JIorra-
300
rnaBa 5. ACMHXpoHHble reHepaTopbl
npMMepbl nocTpOeHMJ1 B3Y C aCMHxpoHHblMM
reHepaTopaMM
301
BeTporyp6HH IIpOH3BO.ucTBa KOMIIaHHH «Bonus» MOllIHOCTbIO 2 MBT Kaj[()J;aJI,
pacnOJIOJKeHHbIX Ha MeJIKOBo,u;be (rJIy6HHa 2,5 - 3 M) MH,u;.ueJIbrpYH.ueHcKoM
raBaH11 no ,u;yre Ha pacCTOHHHlJ 3 KM OT 6epera (PHC. 5.53).
O,u;HHM 113 OpHrHHaJIbHbIX
peUIeHHM B TeXH11Ke B03Be.ueH11S1
B3Y HBJIHeTCSI OTKa3 OT MOHOCBa11;
Ka)K,u;aH 6aUIHSI BbICOTOM 64 M pac-
IIOJIOJKeHa Ha cB060.uHO YCTaHoB-
JIeHHOM OT,u;eJIbHOM 6eToHHoM oc-
HOBaHHH MaccoH 1800 T, ,u;HaMeT-
pOM 16,7 - 17,6 M H BbICOTOH OT 8
,u;o 11,3 M B 3aBHC11MOCTH OT rny6H-
HbI B MeCTe YCTaHoBKH Ka)K)J;OH BeT-
POryp6HHbI; 430 M 3 6croHa IIOruJIO
Ha O,u;HY nJIHTY - OCHOBaH11e H
150 M 3 - Ha KOHYC, IIpe,u;Ha3HaqeH-
HbIM ,u;JIH coe,u;HHeHHSI C MaqTOH
ryp6HHbI.
IIapaMeTpbI B3Y
POTOp BT
- ,u;HaMeTp 76 M (IjJHpMa «FM Glasfider
blades»);
- 2000 KBT, 400 B;
- nJIaHeTapHaH / BHHTOBoe 3y6qaTOe
KOJIeCO (IjJHpMa «Flendem);
PaCCTOHHHe Mej[()J;Y B3Y - 182 M;
06llIaSl CTOHMOCTb npoeKTa - 49,2 MJIH. eBpo;
BbIpa60TKa 3JIeKTpo:meprHH - 89'10 3 MBT"q / 1';
CTOHMOCTb 3JIeKTp03HeprHH - 0,053 eBpo/KBT.q.
B pa60Te [69] OTMeqeHO, qTO B JJ:aHHH B 6JIHJKaHIIIHe 8 JIeT IIJIaHHpyeTcH
cTpOHTeJIbCTBO HeCKOJIbKHX TIO.u06HbIX BeTp03JIeKTpOCTaHU11H MOIl{HOCTbIO
150 MBT Ka)K)J;aH, a K 2030 ro,u;y npe,u;IIOJIaraeTCH 50% IIoTpe6JIHeMOH B cTpaHe
3JIeKTp03HeprHH nOJIyqaTb OT B3C, YCTaHOBJIeHHbIX B Mope.
M11,u;.zr:eJIbrpYH,lI;eHCKHM IIpoeKT MOJKHO paCCMaTpHBaTb KaK IIHOHepCKHM B
pH,lI;Y MaCUITa6HbIX IIpoeKTOB BeTp03HepreTHK11, KOTopbIe pa3pa6aTbIBaIOTCSI B
HaCTOSlll{ee BpeMH B EBpOIIe. CeHqaC BO BceM MHpe CTpOHTCH OKOJIO 20 01jJ1jJ-
UIOpHbIX BeTpOCTaHUlJH H Bce - B CeBepHoH EBpoIIe. TaK, B IfpJIaH,lI;H11 061>SlB-
JIeHO 0 HaqaJIe cTp011TeJIbCTBa B3C C YCTaHOBJIeHHOH MOIl{HOCTbIO 520 MBT Ha
yqaCTKe IfpJIaH,u;cKoro MOpH, H3BeCTHOH IIO,u; Ha3BaHHeM AKpJIOY EeHK. OHa
pacnOJIaracrcSI npHMepHO B 7 KM OT 6eperoBoH qepTbI co CTOpOHbI YHKJIOY Xe,u;
H IIopTa KopTaYH. TIp11 3TOM no IIJIaHY nepBbIe 60 MBT 3TOH B3C BBO)I;JITCH B
3KCIInyaTaIJ;HIO K oceHH 2002 rO,ll;a.
'1;111
CTHMH 11 IjJHKcHpyeT BeTpoTyp6HHY B 3aTOpMOJKeHHOM COCTOHHHH. MexaH11qe-
CKHH TOpM03 TaKJKe IjJHKcHpyeT pOTOp B npouecce MOHTaJKa B3Y H BO BpeMH
TeXHHqeCKOrO 06CJIYJK11BaHHH. MeXaHH'IeCK11H TOpM03 HMecr CHCTeMY orpaHH-
'leHHH TOpM03Horo MOMeHTa, T.e. TOpM03HOH MOMeHT H3MeHHeTCSI IIO HaKJIOH-
HOH xapaKTepHCTHKe, 06eCneqHBaIOllIeH YMeHbUIeHHe HarpY3KH Ha Be)J;yllIYIO
MeXaHH'IecKj'IO ueIIb.
HanpaBJIeHHe BeTpa nOCTOSlHHO OTCJIe)l(HBaeTCSI MYMH IjJJIIOrepaM11, paCIIO-
JIOJKeHHbIMH Ha rOJIOBKe B3Y. TIpH H3MeHeH1111 HanpaBJIeHHH BeTpa rOJIOBKa
B3Y nOBOpa'lHBaeTCSI C IIOMOIl{bIO ,u;BYX ,u;BHraTeJIeH C TpaHCMHCCI1JlMH, IIepeMe-
llIaIOIII,I1XCSI no IIOBOpOTHOMY KOJIbIJ;y. TIoCJIe IIpeKpallIeHI1Jl nOBopota rOJIOBKa IjJ11K-
CHpycrCH nOBopOTHbIM11 TopM03aMH. IIOBOpOTHbIe TOpM03HbIe CHCTeMbI paCIIO-
JIOJKeHbI IIO OKPYJKHOCT11 nOBOpOTHOro KOJIbua 11 Ha CKOpOCTHOM BaJIY TpaHC-
M11CCHH IIOBOpOTHbIX ,nrmraTeJIeH.
B3Y Nordex N80/2500 KBT B03BO.u;HTCH Ha UHJIHHL\jJ11QeCKOH 6aUIHe, BblCOTOH
60 I1JII1 80 M. flecTHHua L\IDI IIepCOHaJIa paCIIOJIOJKeHa BHYIP11 6anIH11.
KOHCTPYKU11H IjJYH,u;aMeHTa 3aBHCHT OT napaMeTpoB rpynTa Ha IIJIOllIa.u;Ke.
EaruIDI 3aKpeIIJIHeTCH Ha ljJ)'H,!I.aMeIITe 60JITaMH C IIOMOIl{bIO ,u;BOHHOrO IjJJIaHua.
YnpaBJIeHHe pa60ToH BeTpoTyp6HHbI oCYll{eCTBJIHeTCH nporpaMMHpye-
MbIM JIOr11qecKHM KOHTpOJIJIepOM, aHaJIH311pyroll{HM ,lI;aHHbIe, IIocrynaIOIl{He C Pa3-
JIHqHbIX ,u;aT'-lHKOB. TIo,u;KJIIO'leH11e K cern oCYIl{eCTBJIHeTCH qepe3 IGBT-
IIpe06pa30BaTeJIb, oCHoBaHHbIH Ha IIpHHl{I1IIe aCHHXpoHHoro reHepaTOpa, peryJTH-
pyroll{ero KmljJljJHWIeHT MOIl{HOCT11 B IIpe,u;eJIax OT 0,9,u;0 0,99. 3m CHCTeMa MOJKeT
orpaHH'lHTh nyCKOBOH TOK reHepaTOpa.
Bce BeTp0YCTaHOBKH Nordex 060py,u;OBaHbI CHCTeMaMH y,u;aJIeHHOrO KOHTpOJIH
H aBTOMaTHqecKoH cHcTeMoH yrrpaBJIeHIDI, IIOCTOHHHO KOHTpOJIHpyroll{eH pa60TY
B3Y, a Hoo6xo,u;IIMoe IIporpaMMHoe 06ecneqeHHe MOJKeT 6bITb YCTaHOBJIeHO Ha
JII060H nepCOHaJIbHbIH KOMIIbIOTep. IIoKa3aTeJIH pa60TbI B3Y, TaK11e KaK MOIl{-
HOCTb, CKOpOCTb BeTpa, HanpaBJIeHHe BeTpa, TeMIIeparypa Kaj[()J;OH CHCTeMbI H rH,lI;-
paBJI11qeCKOe ,lI;aBJIelme, MorYT 6bITb He TOJIbKO oT06pa)l(eHbI Ha 3KpaHe MOH11-
Topa, HO 11 CKOppeKTHpOBaHbI. B cJIyqae B03HHKHOBeHIDI aBapHHHbIX cHryaU11H
cepBHCHaH KOMaH,u;a aHaJI113HpYeT C60H 6e3 Bble3,l1;a Ha MeCTO.
KOHTponJIep 06ecIIeqHBaeT OIITHMaJIbHYIO pa60TY B3Y B 3aBHC11MOCTH
OT BeTpoBbIX H nOrO,ll;HbIX YCJIOBHH. B cJIyqae OTKJIIO'leHHH HanpJl)l(eHI1Jl B ceTH
CHCTeMa KOHTpOJIH H rH,u;paBJI11'lecKHe KJIanaHa nOJIyqaIOT IIHTaHHe B reqeHHe
10 M11H OT HCTOqHHKa 6ecIIepe6oHHoro IIHTaHI1Jl (UPS).
reHepaTOp
TpaHCM11CCHH
1 11111
illill
I II
I
, i
5.8.5. MU.!IJleJlLrpYHlIeHcKan B3C
il.11
I
1'111
I
III'.
:1 I
TIpHMepoM peaJIH3aWI11 MOIl{HbIX B3Y C aCHHxpoHHbIMH reHepaTOpaMH
CJIYJKHT MH,u;,u;eJIbrPYH,lI;eHCKaJI B3C (1'. KOIIeHrareH, JJ:aHHH).
OHa BBe,u;eHa B 3KCIInyaTaUHIO 6 MaH 2001ro,u;a 11 HBJIHeTCH caMbIM rpaH-
,u;H03HbIM MHpOBbIM IIpoeKToM B 3TOH 06JIaCTH [69]. 3Ta B3C BKJIIOqaeT 20
Poco 5.53. «llpoeKT BeKID) MHJUIeJlb-
rpYH.QeHcK8H B3C - oownH BM
302
rllaBa 5. ACMHXpoHHble reHepaTopbl
I
06MIBJIeHO 0 cTpOHTeJIbCTBe 18 oljJljJIIIOpHbIX BeTpOCTaHUHH B BeJIHKO-
6pHTaHHH; Ha Ka)K)J;OH B3C, YCTaHOBJIeHHOH He JJ:aJIee 5 KM OT 6epera, 6y.neT
coopYJKeHO no 30 BeTpoTyp6HH BbICOTOH 61M H MOll\HOCTbIO 3 MBT Kaj[()J;aJI, a
06Il{aJI MOIl{HOCTb Bcex 18 B3C ,u;OCT11rHeT 1500 MBT. CT011MOCTb IIpoeKTa
oueHHBaeTCX B 2,3 MJIp,u;. ,u;OJI. ClllA.
YIIoMHHYTaH BbIllie IjJHpMa «Nordex» HaqHHaeT cTpOHTeJIbCTBO 01jJ1jJ-
lliOpHOH BeTpocTaHUHH Nordliche Pommersche Bucht, KOTOpaJI 6y,u;eT coopY-
JKeHa B EaJITHikKOM Mope Ha paccToHHHU 42 KM OT fl06epeJKbx repMaHHH. OHa
6y,u;eT COCTOHTb H3 70 BeTpoTyp6HH cYMMapHoH MOllIHOCTbIO 350 MBT, a ,lI;Ha-
MeTp HX pOTOpOB JJ:OCTHraeT 115 M.
CTpoHTeJIbCTBO OljJljJIllopHbIX BeTpOCTaHUHH B repMaHHH pa3B11BaeTCH
HHaqe, qeM B ,u;Pyrux cTpaHax: TYT B3C nJIaHHpYeTCH coopY)I(aTb Ha 60JIbllieM
paccToHHHH OT 6epera - 35 - 45 KM, IIpHqeM HapMY C B3Y MOIl{HOCTbIO
2 - 3 MBT nnaHHpyeTCJI BBOJJ:I1Tb B D.eHCTBHe H BeTpoTyp6HHbI CJIe,u;YIOll\erO
IIOKOJIeHHH C YCTaHOBJIeHHOH MOIl{HOCTbIO 5 MBT. YJKe B 2003 ro,ll;Y OJKH,u;aeTCH
H3rOTOBJIeHHe MaKeTa TaKOH BeTpocTaHUHH.
B ueJIOM JKe IIJIaHHpyeTCJI, qTO ,lI;O 2020 ro,u;a OljJljJlliOpHaH BeTp03Hepre-
THKa CMOJKeT Y,lI;OBJIeTBOpHTb 3HaqHTeJIbHYIO qaCTb IIoTpe6HOCTH EBpOIIbI B
3JIeKTp03HeprHH.
KOHTpOJIbHble BonpocbI
1. If306pa3HTe KOHCTpyKTHBHYIO cxeMY aCHHxpoHHOH Malli11HbI, IIOHC-
H11Te Ha3Ha'leH11e H YCTpOHCTBO OCHOBHbIX 3JIeMeHTOB.
2. 06'bJlCHHTe npHHUHn ,lI;eHCTBHH A)J, H aBTOHOMHoro aCHHxpoHHoro
reHepaTopa.
3. TIpHBe,u;11Te T -06Pa3HYIO cxeMY 3aMellIeHHH A)J" HanHlliHTe ypaBHe-
HHH 3JIeKTpHqeCKOrO paBHoBecHH.
4. I10HcHHTe CMbICJI IIpHBe,u;eHHJl napaMeTpoB 06MOTKH pOTopa K He-
no,u;BHJKHOMy COCTO}lHHIO H K cTaTopy.
5. If306pa3HTe BeKTopHYIO ,lI;HarpaMMY IIpHBe,u;eHHoro A)J,.
6. 3anHnrnTe COOTHOIlleHHH ,u;JIH MeXaHHqeCKOH xapaKTepHcTHKH A)J,.
TIoKaJKHTe nOJIHYIO MeXaHHqecKYIO xapaKTepHcTHKY aCHHxpoHHOH MaruHHbI.
7. KaK 3aBHC11T 3JIeKTpOMarnHTHbIH MOMeHT aCHHxpoHHOH MaruHHbI OT
HanpJlJKeHHH?
8. TIO}lCHHTe IjJH3H'leCKHe npoueccbl IIPH nepexo,u;e A)J" pa60TaIOIl{erO
OT CeTH, B reHepaTopHbIH peJKHM.
9. TIpHBe,u;HTe r -06pa3HYIO cxeMy 3aMeIl{eHHH npHBeD.eHHOrO aCHH-
xpOHHoro reHepaTopa.
10. If306pa3HTe BeKTopHyro ,u;HarpaMMY npHBe,ll;eHHOrO Ar.
11. Ha30BHTe oc06eHHOCTH napanneJIbHOH pa60TbI Ar C CeTbIO, IIpe-
HMYIl{eCTBa H He,ll;OCTaTKH IIO cpaBHeHHIO C cr.
I,I:J
III
III
I'
I'
!I
i lllll '
l
11111
I
,1111
,
11111
(:\11'11
1,1
,1111
:1'
I
"1
! I
, "III
,I:
;:1 1
1: 1
III'
II
'1,1
" II
npMMepbl nOCTpOeHMJ1 B3Y C aCMHxpOHHblMM
reHepaTopaMM
303
12. Ha30BHTe oc06eHHocTH KOHCTpYKIJ;H11 aCHHxpoHHOH Malli11HbI C
,u;BYXCJIOHHbIM pOTOpOM, nOHCHHTe ee npe11MyIl{eCTBa IIPH pa60Te B reHepaTop-
HOM peJKHMe no cpaBHeH11IO C AM C K.3. pOTOpOM.
13, If306pa3HTe 3JIeKTp11'lecKYIO cxeMy 3aMell\eHIDI aBTOHOMHoro Ar,
Ha30BHTe H IIOHCHHTe ee IIapaMeTpbI.
14. OnUlliHTe IIpouecc caMoB036Yj[()J;eHHH Ar Ha np11HWIne OCTaTOqHOH
HaMarHHqeHHOCT11 MarH11THOH uenH.
15. OnHIIIHTe IIpouecc caMoB036Yj[()J;eHHH Ar KaK HBJIeHIUI IIapaMeTpH-
qeCKOrO pe30HaHca.
16. OnHlliHTe oc06eHHocTH caMoB036Yj[()J;eHHJl Ar, pa60TaIOllIero Ha IIO-
JIynpoBo,u;H11KOBbIH npe06pa30BaTeJIb.
17. Ha30BHTC pa60'lHe xapaKTepHCT11K11 Ar H IIp11Be,u;HTe HX 06Il{HH BH)I;.
18. I10HCHHTe aJIrOpHTM paC'leTa pa60q11x xapaKTep11CTHK Ar.
19. TIpHBe,ll;11Te peaJIbHbIe BHeIIIHHe xapaKTepHcTHKH Ar MaJIOH MOIl{HO-
CT11 C KOH,u;eHCaTOpHbIM B036Yj[()J;eH11eM 11 nOHCHHTe HX.
20. Ha30BHTe OCHOBHbIe IIOTepH BAr, H306pa3HTe 3HepreT11qeCKYIO ,lI;Ha-
rpaMMY.
21. CljJoPMYJI11PYHTe IIp06JIeMbI peryJIHpOBaHHH HaIIpHJKeHHH H'laCTOTbI
aBTOHOMHoro Ar.
22. Ha30BHTe cIIoc06bI cTa6HJIH3aUHH HanpJlJKeHHH H 'laCTOTbI aBTOHOM-
Horo Ar.
23. TIpHBe,u;HTe B03MOJKHbIe cxeMbI aBTOMaTHqeCKOrO peryJIHpOBaHHH
Ar
24. If306pa3HTe H nOHCH11Te cxeMY Ar C HHBepTOpOM.
25. If306pa3HTe KOHCTpYKTHBHyro cxeMy 11 OII11lliHTe pa60ry B3Y MaJIOH
MOIl{HOCTH pa3pa60TKH XAH.
26. OIIHlliHTe KOHCTpYKTHBHYIO cxeMY H pa60ry B3Y USW 56-100. Ha-
30B11Te ee OCHOBHbIe xapaKTep11CTHKH.
27. OnHIllIfTe BeTpoYCTaHOBKY B3Y-500. Ha30BHTe ee OCHOBHbIe xapaK-
TCpHCTHKH.
28. OnHlliHTe BeTp0ycTaHoBKY IjJHpMbI «Nordex».
29. CpaBHHTe OCHOBHbIe IIapaMeTpbI onHcaHHbIX BbIllie OTeqeCTBeHHbIX H
3apy6eJKHbIX B3Y 60JIbIIIOH MOllIHOCTH.
I
II
I
III
I
'I
I
!IIII
I I I!I
III'
II I I
It I
1" 11
I !II!
I,
,illl
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I
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';II!: I
06UjaJ1 XapaKTepMCTMKa 6eCUjeTO"IHbIX
CMHXPOHHblX reHepaTOpOB
305
304
rnaBa 6. 5eCKOHTaKTHbie reHepaTopbl nepeMeHHoro
TOKa C 3l1eKTpOMarHMTHbiM B036YJKAeHMeM
cr (Cr C BHYTpeHHHMH IIOJIIOCaMH), B036y.u;HTeJIb (Cr C BHelliHHMH nOJIIOCa-
MH) H nO.u;B036y.u;11TeJIb (C BHYTpeHHHMH nOJIIOCaMH). I1pH BpaIl{eHHH pOTopa
3JJ:C HaBo.u;HTcH B 05£IIB H C03,l1;aeTCH TOK, KOTOpbIH BbIIIpHMJIHeTCH Ii IIHTaeT
OBB. TIoCJIe,ll;Hee 06ecIIeqHBaeT HaBe.u;eHHe 3JJ:C B 05£B. TOK 05£B BbIIIpHMJIH-
eTCH C nOMOllIbIO BB 11 nHTaeT OBr. 6JIaro.u;apH qeMy HaBo.u;HTcH OCHOBHaH
3)J;C B 05£r. CHCTeMa oCHallIeHa peryJIHTOpOM HaIIpHJKeHHH P. Bpall{aIOll{HHCH
BbIIIpHMHTeJIb c06paH IIO TpexljJa3HoH MOCTOBOH cxeMe HJIH lliecTHljJa3HoH HY-
JIeBOH cxeMe Ha IIOJIynpOBOL\HHKOBbIX .u;Ho.u;ax. B HeKOTopbIX cnyqaHx BB Pa3-
MeIl{aeTCH BHYTPH IIOJIOrO BaJIa cr.
B 3JIeKTp03HepreT11Ke lliHpOKO IIpHMeHHIOTCH cxeMbI B036y)[()J;eHHH cr
6e3 IIO.u;B036Y)I;HTeJIH, OCHOBaHHbIe Ha caMOB036y)[()J;eHHH OCHOBHoro KaCKa,lI;a:
reHepaTop-B036y.u;HTeJIb. TaKHe ECr IIPe.u;CTaBJIHIOT C060H CHHXPOHHYIO MaruH-
HY, 06MOTKa B036yJK.L!eHHH KOTopOH nHTaeTCH IIOCTOJIHHbIM TOKOM 'lepe3 nOJIY-
npOBO.u;HHKOBbIll BbIIIpHMHTeJIb OT B036Y)l;HTeJIH IIepeMeHHoro TOKa. B036y.u;H-
TeJIb TaK)I(e JlBJIHeTCH CHHXpOHHOll MaruHHoH 06parueHHoH KOHCTpYKWIH (HH.u;yK-
TOp HeIIO,ll;BHJKeH, HKOpb BpaliiaeTCH), npH 3TOM OCHOBHOll reHepaTOp, BbIIIpHMH-
TeJIb H B036Y)l;HTeJIb pa3MellIaIOTCH Ha 06llIeM BaJIY. PeryJIHpOBaH11e HaIIpHJKeHHH
npH H3MeHeHH11 HarpY3K11 oCYllIeCTBJIHeTCH H3MeHeH11eM TOKa B036Yj[()J;eHHH B03-
6y.u;HTeJIH [62]. B HaCTOHllIee BpeMH TaKHe CHCTeMbI nrnpoKo IIpHMeHHIOTcH KaK B
aBTOHOMHbIX HCTOqHHKaX 3JIeKTp03HeprHH cpaBHHTeJIbHO He60JIbruOll MOIl{HO-
CTH, TaK H B cBepXMOll{HbIX Typ60reHepaTopax 1500 - 1600 ME'A C qaCTOTOH
BpallIeHHH 1500 06/MHH. CJIe)J;yeT OTMeTHTh, '!TO TOK B036Yj[()J;eHHH B TaKI1X re-
HepaTopax .u;OCTHraeT 12000 A, II03TOMY HCHO, 'lTO BbIIIOJIHHTb Il{eTOqHO-
KOH'IaKTHbIH Y3eJI Ha TaKHe TOKH npaKTHqeCKH HeB03MOJKHO.
B paccMaTpHBaeMbIx B .u;aHHoH rJIaBe 6eCKOHTaKTHbIX CHHXPOHHbIX reHe-
paTopax MaJIOH MOll{HOCTH peaJIH30BaHbI 60JIee IIpocTbIe CHCTeMbI B036Yj[()J;e-
HHH. HanpHMep, B cr C Korre06pa3HbIMH nOJIIOCaMH OTCYTCTByroT BpaIl{aIO-
Il{HeCH 06MOTKH H B036Y,ll;lfTeJIb, qTO 06eCIIeqHBaeT IIoBbIllieHHYIO Ha,ll;eJKHOCTb
MaruHHbI. MarHHTHbIll nOTOK, c03.u;aBaeMbIH HeIIo.u;BHJKHOH 06MOTKOH B036Y)l(-
.u;eHHH, nOCJIe IIpoxoj[()J;eHHH qepe3 B03,l1;yruHbIH 3a30p C nOMOll{bIO IIOJIIOCOB
CIIeU11aJIbHOH 1jJ0pMbI, HanOMHHaIOIl{HX KOrr11, H3MeHHeT CBoe HanpaBJIeHHe C
pa.u;HaJIbHOrO Ha aKCHaJIbHOe H 3aMbIKaeTCH B aKCHaJIbHOH qaCTH MarHHTonpo-
Bo.u;a, KOTopaH MOJKeT 6bITb pacnOJIOJKeHa KaK cHapY)l(H HKOpH (MalliHHa C
BHeruHe3aMKHYTbIM nOToKoM), TaK H BHYTPH Hero (reHepaTOp C BHYTpH3aMKHY-
TbIM IIOTOKOM THna «ceKC11H») HJIH C KOHCOJIbHbIM pOTOpOM.
Oc06eHHOCTb 3TOH H .u;pyrHx KOHCTPYKUHH ECr TaKOBa, qTO MarHHTHbIe
IIOTOKH pacceHHHH B HHX MorYT .u;OCTHraTb '30...50% pa60'lero IIOTOKa, H3-3a
qero IIOJIHbIll MarHHTHbIH IIOTOK B 1,5 pa3a npeBbIruaeT pa60qHH IIOTOK B 3a30-
pe, H II03TOMY pa3MepbI H Macca aKCHaJIbHbIX Y'lacTKoB MarHHToIIpoBo.u;a, IIO
KOTOpbIM IIPOXO.u;HT IIOJIHbIH nOTOK, IIOJIY'laIOTcH 60JIblliHMH. PeryJIHpoBaHHe
HaIIpHJKeHUH IIPH H3MeHeHH11 HarpY3KH oCYIl{eCTBJIHeTCH H3MeHeHHeM TOKa
B036YJK eHHH.
r JIaBa 6.
l)ecKOHTaKTHble reHepaTopbI nepeMeHHoro TOKa
C 3JIeKTpOMarHHTHbIM B036Ym,LI.eHHeM
6.1. OOllJ,aH xapmnepuCTuKa OeCllJ,eTOQHbIX CUHXPOHHblX
reHepaTopoB
PaCCMOTpeHHbIe B rJI. 2 - 5 OCHOBHbIe T11f1bI reHepaTopoB IIOCTOHHHoro H
nepeMeHHoro TOK3 nonyqHJIH HaH60JIblliee pacIIpoCTpaHeIIHe B BeTp03HepreT11-
Ke. O,ll;HaKO OHH He 11CqepIIbIBaIOT Bcero MHOro06pa3HH THnOB 11 KOHCTPYKUHH
reHepaTopOB. lIMeH B BI1)J;y O.u;HY H3 Ba)l(HeHlliHX 3a.u;aq 06eCIIeqeHHH BeTpO-
3HepreTHKH - C03.u;aHHe reHepaTopOB cTa611JIbHOH qaCTOTbI npH IIepeMeHHOH
qaCTOTe Bpall{eHHH BeTpoTyp6HH - BeCbMa aI<TYaJIbHbIM H nepCfleKT11BHblM,
oc06eHHO B CBH3H C IIOBceMeCTHbIM BHe,ll;peH11eM 3JIeKTpOHHOH TeXHHK11, HBJIH-
eTCH IIpHMeHeHHe 3neKTpOMaruHHHoBeHT11JIbHbIX aCHHXpOHH311pOBaHHhIX reHe-
paTopOB. CHHXPOHHbIX HH.u;YKTOPHbIX MalliHH, MalliHH .u;BOHHoro I1HTaHHH H
Pa3JIHqHbIX KaCKa.u;HbIX KOHCTpYKUHH reHepaTopOB C COBMeIlleHHbIMH MarHHTO-
IIpOBO,ll;aMH 11 06MOTKaM11, a TaKJKe MarumI C Korre06pa3HbIM11 IIOJIIOCaMH, y
KOTOpbIX peaJI113yeTcH 6eCIl{eTOqHaH CHCTeMa B036YJK.u;eHHSI, TO eCTb OTCYTCT-
BYIOT Il{eTKH H KOHTaKTHble KOJIbua.
EeCKOHTaKTHaH C11CTeMa B03-
6Y)K)].eHHH KnaCC11qeCKOrO 6ecIl{eTOq-
Horo cr, npHMeHSIeMoro, HanpHMep,
Ha JIeTaTeJIbHbIX annapaTax (p11c.
6.1), oCYllIeCTBJIJIeTCH CJIe.u;YIOIl{HM
06pa30M [22]. Ha O.u;HOM BaJIY C po-
TOpOM OCHOBHoro cr pa3MellIaIOTcSI
.u;Be .u;OIIOJIHHTeJIbHbIe 3JIeKTpHqeCK11e
MalliHHbI MaJIOH MOlliHOCTH - B036y-
,lI;HTeJIb H no.u;B036Y,lI;HTeJIb, a TaKJKe
BpallIaIOllIHHcH nOJIYflpoBO.u;H11KOBbIH
BbIIIpHM11TeJIb, qepe3 KOTOphIH nHTa-
eTCH 06MOTKa B036Y)[<,1IeHHH OCHOB-
Horo cr. Ha CTaTope HaxO.u;HTCSI 06-
MOTKa HKOpH OCHOBHoro reHepaTopa
(05£r), 06MoTKa B036YJK,lI;eHI1H B03-
6Y,ll;11TeJIH (OBB) H 06MoTKa HKOpSi
IIO.u;B036Y,ll;HTeJIH (05£I1B). Ha pOTope
paCIIOJIaraIOTCSI 06MoTKa B036YJK,lI;e-
HHH OCHOBHOro cr (OBr), 06MoTKa HKOpH B036Y,ll;HTemI (0$), BpallIaIOIl{11HCH
BbIIIpHMI1TeJIb (BB) H HII.u;YKTOP 110.u;B036y.u;HTeJISI (IfTIB) C nOCTOSlHHbIMH Mar-
H11TaMH. KOHCTpYKUHSI, TaKHM 06Pa30M, 06'be,ll;HHJleT TpH MaruHHbI: OCHOBHOH
oSlr
OSlnB OSl i<1
-.---t - -- ---
POTO HnB _ oBr j
PUC. 6.1. EeCKOHTaKTHaH tucTeMa 803-
6Y*.L\eHHH KJIaCCH'IeCKOrO
6eC eTO'lHOrO cr
I!I
1;1
III
III I
306
rllaBa 6. 5eCKOHTaKTHbie reHepaTopbl nepeMeHHoro
TOKa C 3neKTpOMarHMTHbiM B036yJKAeHMeM
HHJKe paccMaTpHBaIOTcH OCHOBHbIe THIIbI 6ecKoHTaKTHbIx cr, 11MeIOIl{HX
IIepcneKTHBbI IIp11MeHeHHH B BeTp0ycTaHoBKax.
i 1111
6.2. HHJJ.YKTopHble CHHxpoHHble reHepaTopbl
6.2.1. llpHHQHn Jl,eHCTBHH HH.LJ;YKTOpHOrO cr
IfH)J;yKTopHOH Ha3bIBaeTCH MaruHHa, Y KOropOH MarHHTHaH HH)J;yKUHH B
KaJK,lI;OH TOqKe MarHHTHoro 3a30pa H3MeHHeTCH TOJIbKO no BeJIHqHHe, a ee Ha-
npaBJIeHHe OCTaeTCH IIOCTOHHHbIM. TaKHM 06Pa30M, HH,u;YKIJ;UH B 3a30pe HH-
)J;yKTOpHbIX MaruHH (IfM) HMeeT IIYJIbCHpyrollIHH xapaKTep H IIepeMeHHyro (pa-
60qyIO) H IIOCTOHHHYIO (Hepa60qyIO) COCTaBJIHIOIl{Ife. 3TH reHepaTopbI IIpHMe-
HHIOTCJI ,u;JIH IIHTaHHH aCHHxpoHHbIX 3JIeKTpo,u;BHraTeJIeH H HCIIOJIb3yIOTCH B JKe-
JIe3Ho,u;opOJKHOM TpaHcIIopTe, a TaKJKe Ha JIeTaTeJIbHbIX aIInapaTax B KaqeCTBe
BbICOKOHa,ll;eJKHbIX I1CTOQHHKOB IIepeMeHHoro TOKa He60JIbruOH MOIl{HOCTH. Y
reHepaTopa HeIIo,u;BHJKHaH 06MoTKa B036YJK,lI;eHHH paCIIOJIOJKeHa BHe pOTopa.
3)J;C B 06MoTKe cTaTopa B03HHKaeT B pe3YJIbTaTe CueIIJIeHHH 06MOTKH C rryJIb-
CHPYIOIl{IfM HJIH nepeMeHHbIM IIoneM, IIepHo,u;H'-IeCKH H3MeHHIOIl{HMCH BCJIe,u;CT-
BHe Pa3JIHqHOH IIpOBO,ll;HMOCTH pa60'leH 'laCTH MarHHTOIIpoBo,u;a IIPH BpallIeHHH
3y6qaTOrO pOTopa.
JJ:OCToHHcTBaMH TaKHX MaruHH HBJIHIOTCH IIpocToTa KOHCTpYKWIH pOTopa,
BbICOKaH Ha,ll;eJKHOCTb, xopowee peryJIHpOBaHHe, pa60TocIIOC06HOCTb B CJIOJK-
HbIX KJIHMaTH'-IeCKHX YCJIOBHHX, xapaKTepHbIX ,u;JIH 3KCIIJIyaTaWIH B3Y. IIpHH-
UHII pa60TbI HH,u;YKTopHoro reHepaTopa IIOHCHHeTCH Ha pHC. 6.2.
B 3neKTpoMarH11Te, COCTOHIl{eM H3
CTaJIbHOrO cep,u;eqHHKa, Ha KOTOpbIH Ha,lI;eTa
KarywKa, IIHTaeMaH IIOCTOHHHbIM TOKOM,
KpaH cep,u;eqHHKa (Ha30BeM ero cTaTopoM)
+ IIpOTOqeHbI IIO OKpYJKHOCTH H B 3a30p
BCTaBJIeH BpaIl{aIOIl{HHCH 3y6qaTbIH pOTOp.
Ha )!;JIHHY ,u;yrH paCTOqKH IIOJIIOCa CTaTopa
IIPHXO,u;HTCH ueJIoe qHCJIO 3y6uOB ,u;eJIeHHH
pOTopa. B IIonIOce craTopa CL\eJIaHbI IIOJIY-
3aKpbITbIe IIa3bI C ruaroM, paBHbIM IIOJIOBHHe
3y6uoBoro ,u;eJIeHHH pOTopa, T.e. Ha Kaj[()J;oe
3y6uoBoe ,u;eneHHe pOTopa IIpHXO,ll;HTCH ,lI;Ba
3y6uOBbIX ,u;eneHHH CTaTopa.
EcnH IIO KaryruKe IIPOXO,u;HT IIOCTOJlH-
HbIH TOK, C03,l1;aIOIl{HH MarHHTo,u;BHJKYUIYIO
CHJIY (MAC) F h TO no,u; BJIHHHHeM 3TOH
MJJ:C B MarH11THOH ueIIH, COCTOHIl{eH H3 Cep,ll;e'lHHKa H B03)J;yWHoro 3a30pa,
B03HHKaeT MarHHTHbIH IIOTOK <1>, paBHbIH F/YM, r,u;e YM - MarnHTHoe COIIPOTHB-
I"
i, I
I
I'l l
,',II!I;
, II
s
II'
1 111
PHC. 6.2. llpHHI.IHn pa60Tbi
HHJIYKTOpHOI'O l'eHepaTopa
III
II
I
II I
11111
I
IIIHAYKTOpHble CMHXpoHHble reHepaTopbl
307
JTeHHe ueIIH, paBHoe cYMMe COIIpOTHBJIeHHH oT,u;eJIbHbIX Y'laCTKOB. IIpH BpaIl{e-
1111H pOTopa nOJIHoe COIIpOTHBJIeHHe MarHHTOIIpOBo,u;a He H3MeHHeTCH. MrHO-
BeHHoe 3HaqeHHe 3JJ:C B KaTyruKe BO Bcex cnyqaHX OIIpe,ll;eJIHeTCH H3 ypaBHe-
HHH
dcJ>
e=--W
dt '
(6.1)
r,ll;e W - qHCJIO BHTKOB B KarywKe.
TaK KaK IIP11 nI060M IIOJIOJKeHHH pOTopa 06llIee COIIpOTHBJIeHHe 3a30pa
He H3MeHHeTCJI, TO IIO,u; IIOJIIOCOM Bcer,u;a 6Y,lI;eT paCIIOJIOJKeHO o,u;HHaKOBoe H
IJ;eJIoe qHCJIO ero 3y6UOB H na30B. CJIe,ll;OBaTeJIbHO, IIPH HeH3MeHHOH MJJ:C He-
H3MeHHbIM 6y,u;eT OCTaBaTbCH Ii MarnHTHbIH IIOTOK <1>, IIPOXOMUIHH no BceMY
MarHHTonpOBO)J;y. He3aBHCHMO OT IIOJIOJKeHHH pOTopa 60JIbWaH qaCTb IIOTOKa
6Y,lI;eT BCer,ll;a IIpOXO,ll;HTb qepe3 3y6ubI pOTopa H TonbKO He3HaqHTeJIbHaJI ero
qaCTb IIpOH,ll;eT no IIa3aM.
IIpH BpallIeHHH poropa nOnOJKeHHe ero 3y6uOB IIO OTHOWeHHIO K KaJK-
,lI;OMY H3 3y6uOB CTaTopa 6y,u;eT H3MeHHTbCH 11 nOToK, IIpOXOMIl{HH IIO KaJK,lI;OMY
3y6uy CTaTopa, 6y,u;eT nepHO,ll;HqeCKH H3MeHHTbCH IIO BeJIHqHHe OT HeKOToporo
MaKCHMaJIbHOrO 3Ha'leHHH, KOr,ll;a no,u; 3THM 3y6uOM paCIIOJIOJKHTCH 3y6eu pO-
Topa, ,u;o MHHHMaJIbHOrO, Kor,u;a IIO,u; 3y6uoM paCIIOJIOJKHTCH na3 pOTopa.
Ha pHC. 6.3 IIOKa3aHO HeCKOJIbKO IIOJIOJKeHHH 3y6uOB pOTopa IIO OTHO-
weHHIO K 3y6uaM cTaTopa, OXBaqeHHbIX KaryruKOH 06MOTKH, H CXeMaTH'leCKH
H306paJKeHO pacIIpe,u;eneHHe IIOJIH B 3a30pe ,u;JIH Kaj[()J;oro H3 IIOnOJKeHHH 3y6-
UOB.
n:n l4Jl 1 nin l1ID- ' n!n
-1 L I J.WL I -1WL
"' 1 11f 1 1 "1 II I I IIII: IIII
?f\ \:'I?--\ ,-:/ i\'r l '." - 1I
-I L- '-- L.Li .J KL- I
I I I I' I
v
I I I I I
PHC. 6.3. llOJlOmeHHe 3y61.10B pOTopa no OTHoweHHlO K 3y61.1aM cTaTopa
BH,u;HO, 'ITO B IIOnOJKeHHH I IIOTOK, IIpOHH3bIBaIOIl{HH KaTYruKy, HMeeT
MaKCHMaJIbHOe 3HaqeHHe. TIpH ,u;BHJKeHH11 pOTopa IIOTOK YMeHbwaeTCH H B IIO-
JIOJKeHHH III ,lI;OCTHraeT MHHHMaJIbHOll BeJIH'lHHbI. 3aTeM nOTOK CHOBa YBenH-
qHBaeTCH H B IIOJIOJKeHHH V, Kor,u;a IIO,ll; 3y6eU CTaTopa IIO,u;XO,u;HT CJIe)J;yIOIl{HH
i
II
I
rnaBa 6. 5eCKOHTaKTHbie reHepaTopbl nepeMeHHoro
TOKa C 311eKTpOMarHMTHbIM B036Y>K,C\eHMeM
308
&ilHAYKTOpHble CMHXpOHHble reHepaTOpbl
309
O,u; H3MeHeHHH HH,u;YKUHH cooTBeTcTBYcr nOBopoTY pOTopa Ha O,u;HO 3y6uoBoe
,lI;eJIeHHe tZR = lfDIZ R , II03TOMY qHCJIO IIap IIOJIIOCOB B TaKoH MaruHHe paBHo
q11cny 3y6uOB poropa p = ZR' 3y6eu H IIa3 pOTopa 3KBHBaJIeHTHbI IIape IIOJIIO-
COB B 06blqHOH CHHXpOHHOH MaruHHe.
ECJIH B IIa3aX CTaTopa pa3MeCTHTb 06MOTKY HKOpH C UIarOM Y ::::0 TJ =
=tzpj2, TO B HeH IIPH BpaIl{eH1111 HH)J;yKTopa CO CKOpOCTbIO OR HH,u;YKTHpyeTcH
3JJ:C C OCHOBHOH qacroroH f = ZR npj2n.
B ,u;ByxnaKeTHbIX reHepaTopax (CM. pHC. 6.4, 6) nOTOK B036YJK,D,eHHH
IIOCJIeD.OBaTeJIbHO IIPOXO,u;HT 'lepe3 Cep,ll;e'lHHKH cTaTopa 1 H pOTopa 7 H, TaKHM
06Pa30M, 11cnOnb3yeTcH ,u;BaJK,u;bI. <:DJIaHUbI 5 B TaKoH KOHCTPYKUHH 113rOTOBJIH-
lOT H3 KOHCTpYKUHOHHbIX HeMarHHTHbIX MaTepHaJIOB. JJ:JIH IIOJIyqeHHH CHHY-
COH,u;aJIbHOH 1jJ0pMbI HarrpHJKeH11H IIpe)J;yCMaTpHBaeTCH CKOC 3y6uOB 11H,lI;YKropa
Ha 0,5 - 0,7 3y6uoBoro ,u;eJIeHHH cTaTopa.
KOHCTpYKTHBHa cxeMa pa3Ho-
HMeHHOIIOJIIOCHOrO HH)J;yKTopHoro re-
HepaTOpa np11Be,u;eHa Ha p11c. 6.5 [99].
B cep)J,eqHHKe 1 cTaTopa qaCTb IIa30B, B
KOTOpbIX pa3MeIl{aIOTCH KaTyruKH B03-
6Yj[()J;eH11H 2, BbIIIOJIHHeTCH 60JIbruero
pa3Mepa. B MaJIbIX IIa3aX paCIIOJIaraeT-
CH 06MoTKa HKOpH 3. 3y6'laTbIH pOTOp
4 Bcer,u;a BbIIIOJIHHeTCH ruHxToBaHHbIM.
TIpH IIHTaHHH nOCTOHHHbIM TOKOM 06-
MOTKa B036Yj[()J;eHH 06pa3Ycr MarnHT-
Hoe IIOJIe C 'lepe,u;yroIl{eHCH IIOJIIOCHO-
CTbIO. IIpH BpallIeHHH pOTopa ero cep-
,u;eqHHK IIepeMarnH'lHBaeTCH. JJ:nH Toro,
qT06bI IIOTOK. CueIIJIeHHbIH C 06MOTKOH
B036Yj[()J;eHHH, OCTaBaJICH nOCTOHHHbIM,
Ha ,u;yre paCTOqKH CTaTopa MeJK)J;y KpynHbIMH IIa3aMH pa3MeIl{aeTCH ueJIoe 'lHC-
JIO 3y6uOBbIX ,lI;eJIeHHH pOTopa. B IIpOTHBHOM cnyqae B 06MOTKe B036Yj[()J;eHHH
HaBOL\HTCH 3JJ:C OT nYJIbCHpYIOIl{erO nOTOKa, B03HHKaIOT ,u;OIIOJIHHTeJIbHbIe IIO-
TepH, HCKa)l(aeTCH 1jJ0pMa KpHBOH HanpJlJKeHHH.
KapTHHa paCIIpe,u;eJIeHHH MarHHTHoro IIOTOKa Ha yqaCTKe Mej[()J;y ,u;BYMH
60JIbUIHMH na3aMH pa3HOHMeHHOIIOJIIOCHOH MaruHHbI TaKaJI JKe, qTO H O,u;HO-
HMeHHOIIOJIIOCHOH MaruHHbI.
qacToTa HaBo,u;HMOH B 06MOTKe HKOpH 3JJ:C He 3aBHCHT OT qHCJIa nOJIIO-
COB 06MOTKH B036y)[()J;eHHH H OIIpe,u;eJIHeTCH qHCJIOM 3y6UOB H qaCTOTOH Bpa-
Il{eH11H poropa (pHC. 6.6).
3HepreTHqecKHe IIOKa3aTeJIH HH)J;yKTOpHbIX rCHepaTopoB BO MHorOM 3a-
BHCHT OT reOMeTpHH 3y6UOBO-IIa30BOH 30HbI:
"I!!I
3y6eu pOTopa, ,lI;OCTHraeT MaKCHMaJIbHOrO 3HaqeHHJI. JJ:aJIee Bce IIoBTopHeTcH.
TaKHM 06pa30M, IIOTOK <1>r, IIpoHH3bIBaIOIl{HH KaTYruKy, IIepHO)I;H'leCKH H3Me-
HHeTCH OT MaKCHMaJIbHOrO ,u;o MHHHMaJIbHOrO 3HaqeHHH H B BHTKax KaTyruKH
npH 3TOM HH)J;yKTHpyeTcH IIepeMeHHaH 3JJ:C.
TIo,u;qepKHeM, qTO HaBe,u;eHHe 3JJ:C B KOHrype HMeeT MeCTO He3aBHCHMO
OT IIpH'lHHbI H3MeHeHHH IIOTOKa BHYTPH KOHTypa; He HMeeT 3HaqeHHH, ,lI;BHJKeT-
CH JI11 KOHTyp B MarHHTHOM IIOJIe HJIH KOHryp Heno,u;BHJKeH, a BpaIl{acrcH Mar-
HHTHoe IIOJIe, HJIH JKe HaIIpaBJIeHHe IIOJIH IIO OTHOUIeHHIO K KOHTypy He MeHH-
eTCH, a MeHHeTCH BeJIH'-IHHa MarHHTHoro IIOTOKa BCJIe,u;CTBHe KaKOH-JIH60 ,lI;py-
rOll IIPHqHHbI.
6.2.2. Pacnpe,ll;eJIeHHe MarHHTHoro nOJIH B HHJJ.YKTOPHbIX reHepaTopax
TIo xapaKTepy MarHHTHoro IIOJIH, C03,u;aBaeMoro cHCTeMoii B036Yj[()J;eHHH,
HH,u;YKTopHbIe MalliHHbI IIo,u;pa3,u;eJIHIOTCH Ha ,lI;Be rpynIIbI: o,u;H011MeHHO-
IIOJIIOCHbIe H pa3HoHMeHHOIIOJIIOCHble. OTJIH'lHTeJIbHbIM IIpH3HaKoM HH)J;yKTOp-
HbIX MalliHH HBJIHeTCH ljJeppoMarHHTHbIH pOTOp C HBHO BbIpa)l(eHHOH 3y6uOBO-
IIa30BOH 30HOH.
B KOHCTPYKllHH o,u;HOHMeHHOIIOJIIOCHbIX reHepaTopOB, IIOKa3aHHOH Ha
pHC. 6.4, IIpHMeHHeTcH 06MoTKa B036Yj[()J;eHHH KOJIbueBOro THIIa. OHa C03,l1;aeT
aKCHaJIbHO HaIIpaBJIeHHbIH MarHHTHbrH IIOTOK [100], Cep,ll;eqHHK 1 cTaTopa MO-
JKeT BbIIIOJIHHTbCH o,u;HOIIaKeTHbIM (CM. pHC. 6.4, a) HJIH ,u;ByxIIaKeTHbIM (CM.
pHC. 6.4, 6). B IIa3ax cep,u;eqHHKa cTaTopa pa3MeliiaeTcH 06MoTKa HKOpH 2. Kop-
nyc 3, IjJJIaHeu 5 H BTYJIKa 6 poropa H3rOTOBJImoTCH H3 MarHHToMHrKoH CTaJIH H
HBJIHIOTCH 'IaCTbIO MarHHTonpoBo,u;a. KaTYUIKa B036YJK,u;eHHH 4 paCIIOJIaraeTCH
Ha cTaTope. 3y6qaTble cep,u;eqHHKH pOTopa 7 H cTaTopa Ha611paIOT 113 JIHCTOB
3JIeKTpOTeXHHqeCKOH CTaJIH.
I:
II
II'
II
II
I:
2 3
4
2 3 4
a
6
II
I II
PHC. 6.4. OLlHoHMeHHOnOJIIOCHblH CHHXpOHHblH HHLlYKTOpHLlH l'eHepaTop:
a - oOllonaKemllblu; 6 - o6yxnaKemllblu
TIo,u;aBaH B KaTyruKH B036YJK,lI;eHHH nocToHHHbIH TOK, MOJKHO IIOJIY'-IHTb B
B03)J;yUIHOM 3a30pe O,ll;HOHanpaBJIeHHbIH MarHHTHbIH IIOTOK <:DB' E6JIbUIaH ero
qaCTb IIPOXO,u;HT qepe3 3y6ubI pOTopa H MHHHMaJIbHbIll pa60'lHH 3a30p 0min, a
MeHbUIaH - 'lepe3 IIa3bI H MaKCHMaJIbHbIH 3a30p Omax. TIpH BpameHHH pOTopa B
JII060H TO'lKe paCTO'lKH CTaTopa HH)J;yKWIH H3MeHHcrcH OT Bmin ,u;o Bmax. IIepH-
I
I
I\ij
2
A-A
2
('II
---
A 3 i4
PHC. 6.5. Pa3HoHMeHHOnOJIIOCHblH HH-
LlYKTOPHblH l"eHepaTOp
Ii1HAyKTOpHble CMHXpOHHble reHepaTOpbl
311
310
rllaBa 6. 5eCKOHTaKTHbie reHeparopbl nepeMeHHoro
TOKa C 311eKTpOMarHMTHbIM B036YJKAeHMeM
B8 6 = B 60 + B 6R cos(ZRa - ZRORt);
2
cP 6T (t) = B 60 hI +-B 6R hI COSZRORt =cP 60 +cP 6R coslOJt,
"
" X
r,ll;e yroJI a = ; '[} - IIOJIIOCHOe ,u;eJIeHHe; I - aKTHBHaH ,lI;JIHHa; !J R , ZR -
'lzR
yrJIOBa qaCTOTa BpallIeHHH H qHCJIO 3y6uOB pOTopa; cP 60 , B 60 - IIOCTOHHHbIe co-
CTaBJIHIOIl{He MarnHTHoro IIOTOKa 11 HH,lI;YKUHH; cP 6 R, B 6R - 3y6uoBble rapMoHH-
KH MarHHTHOrO nOTOKa H HH,u;YKUHH.
3AC B 06MOTKe HKOpH OT IIepBOH 3y6UOBOH rapMoHHKH MarHHTHoro IIO-
IIIHpHHa pacKpbITHH IIa3a Bn = t z - Bz = (0,58 - 0,65) t z ; BbICOTa IIa3a h n ::::: 150,
IIIHpHHa 3y6ua Bz = (0,35 - 0,41)tz.
(6.2)
(6.3)
JJ:JIH YJIyqilleHHH 1jJ0pMbI GJJ:C H
06eCIIeqeHHH M11HHMaJIbHO ,u;onyCTH-
MbIX pa3MepoB 3y6uOB cTaTopa B HH-
,lI;YKTOPHbIX reHepaTopax IIPHMeHHIOT
06MOTKH HKOpH C ,lI;p06HbIM qHCJIOM
IIa30B Ha nOJIIOC H ljJa3Y q =
zsf(2pmI). 3,u;ecb IIOJIIOCHOe ,u;eJIeHHe
orrpe,u;eJIHeTCH 'IHCJIOM 3y6uOB pOTO-
pa: 'tl = nD/2p = nD/zR.
PaCCMoTpeHHbIe KOHCTPYKllHH
reHepaTopoB HMeIOT MeHbill11e pa3Me-
pbI aKTHBHbIX qaCTeH no CPaBHeHHIO C
06bI'lHbIM CHHXpOHHbIM reHeparopOM.
KOHIjJHrypaUHH aKTHBHOH qaCTH Pa3-
HOHMeHHOIIOJIIOCHOH Maill11HbI C rpe-
6eHqaTOH 3y6uOBOH 30HOll (A) nOKa-
3aHa Ha p11c. 6.6, a. B 60JIbillHX IIa3ax
cep,u;eqH11Ka CTaTopa pa3Mell{eHbI 06-
MOTKH B036Yj[()J;eHHH OB H HKOpH 05£,
OXBaTbIBaIOIIIHe no ,u;Ba 60JIbillHX 3y6-
l.\a. na iloBepxHocTH RIDR,l:(Oro 60JIbliiOro 3y6ua cTaTopa BbIilOJrlieHbI MaJIble
3y6ubI. 3y6uoBoe ,lI;eJIeHHe MaJIbIX 3y6uOB cTaTopa IIpHMepHo paBHo 3y6uOBOMY
,lI;eJIeHHIO pOTopa. CYMMapHbIH IIOTOK, CueIIJIeHHbIH C 06MOTKOH B036Yj[()J;eHHH,
IIPH BpallIeHHH pOTopa OCTaeTCH HeH3MeHHbIM. TIpH IIHTaHHH 06MOTKU B036Y)l(-
,u;eHHH C03,l1;aeTCH MarHHTHbIll IIOTOK <:DB' KOTOpbIH ,lI;eJIHTCH MeJK,u;y 60JIbillHMH
3y6uaMH Ha HepaBHbIe IIOTOKH <:D BI H <1>B2, IIpOIIopUHOHaJIbHble COOTBeTCTBYIO-
llIHM MarHHTHbIM IIpOBO,u;HMOCTHM. MOMeHT BpeMeHH, COOTBeTCTBYIOll{HH pac-
IIPe,u;eJIeHHIO HH)J;yKIJ;HH, H306pa)l(eHHOMY Ha pHC. 6.6, 30Ha E, xapaKTepH3yeTcH
HepaBeHCTBoM <1>BI > <1>B2 . TIpH nOBopOTe pOTopa Ha IIOJIOBHHY 3y6uoBoro ,u;e-
JIeHHH Ha6JIIO.u;aeTcH HepaBeHcTBo <:D B1 < <:DB2 (CM. pHC. 6.6, 30Ha B).
PaC'leT MarHHTHoH IIpOBO,u;UMOCTH 3YQ'laTOrO 3a30pa IIpHBe,u;eH B [100].
OB
OJ)
OB
OJ)
I ii!
Ii
I
il,1
E
B
PHC. 6.6. IIH.QYI<:TopHaH MaWHHa C rpe-
6eH'IaTOH 3y6QOBO-D830BOH 30HOH (A) H
pacnpe.QeJJeHHe MarHHTHoro DonH B
pll3J]H'IHble MOMeHTbI BpeMeHH
(30Hbl E H B)
I
TOKa
eo = .J 2Eo sinav , (6.4)
r,u;e Eo = 4,44fifflKo6IcP6R - ,u;eHcTByrollIee 3Ha'leHHe 3JJ:C xonOCToro xo,u;a.
TIocToHIIHaH COCTaBJIHIOIl{aH MarH11THO-
1'0 IIOTOKa <:D BO B C03,u;aHHH 3JJ:C eo He yqaCT-
ByeT, o,u;HaKO 3arpYJKaeT MarnHTHyro uellb re-
HepaTopa, CHHJKaH HCIIOJIb30BaHHe aKTHBHbIX
MaTepHaJIOB. IfCIIOJIb30BaHHe MarnHTHoro IIO-
TOKa B CHHXPOHHbIX HH,u;YKTOPHbIX reHepaTO-
pax IIp11HHTO xapaKTepH30BaTb K031jJIjJHUHeH-
TOM HCnOJIb30BaHHH
k llcn =cP 6R /2cP 60 =B 6R /(1rl3 60 ), (6.5)
KOTOpbIll B peaJIbHbIX MalliHHaX COCTaBJIHeT
K ucn <0,5.
3TO 03HaqaeT, qTO IIPH o,u;HHaKOBbIX
HaBe,ll;eHHbIX 3JJ:C H MOIl{HOCTH HH)l;YKTOp-
HbIe reHepaTopbI ,u;OJIJKHbI HMeTb 60JIee pa3-
BHTbIH MarnHTorrpOBO,u; H, CJIe,u;OBaTeJIbHO,
60JIbillHe ra6apHTbI 11 Maccy, 'leM 06bIQHbIe
CHHXpOHHbIe reHepaTopbI.
MarHHTHble IIOTOKH paCIIpe,u;eJIHIOTCH TaK, qTO qepe3 3y6eu pOTopa IIpO-
XO,ll;HT MaKC11MaJIbHbIH IIOTOK <1>Bmax = <1>BO + <1>BR, a qepe3 IIa3 pOTopa - MHHH-
MaJIbHbIH IIOTOK <:DBmin = <:D BO - <1>BR' II03TOMY MarHHTHbIe xapaKTepHCTHKH re-
HepaTopa )l;JIH 30HbI 3y6uoB H 30HbI IIa30B He COBIIa)I;aIOT, KaK 3T0 IIOKa3aHO Ha
pHc.6.7.
Pa3HHua op,u;HHaT YKa3aHHbIX MarnHTHbIX xapaKTepHcTHK npoIIopU HO -
HaJIbHa nepeMeHHoH COCTaBJIHIOllIeH IIOTOKa B036y)[()J;eHHH <1>BR = 0,5(<1>Bmax-
-<1>Bmin)' C YBeJIHqeHHeM TOKa B036Yj[()J;eHH npoHcxo,WIT HaCbIIl{eHHe CTaJIH H
YMeHbIIIeHHe IIOTOKa <1>BR. B COOTBeTCTBHH C MarHHTHOH xapaKTepHCTHKOH
cP 6R =f(l,J 113MeIUleTCH 11 xapaKTepHcTHKa XOJIOCTOrO XO,ll;a reHepaTopa Eo=f(I,J.
a>
E
16.Kp
16
PHC. 6.7. MarHHTHaH xapaKTe-
pHcTHKa H xapaKTepHcTHKa xo-
J10CTOrO xO.Qa CHHxpoHHoro HH-
.QYKTopHoro reHepaTopa
6.2.3. MarHHTHbIe nOTOKH H 3AC B HHJJ.YKTOPHbIX reHepaTopax
B pa3JIH'IHblX pemHMax
XOJlocmou xoiJ. JJ:JIH Ha1160JIee pacIIpocTpaHeHHbIx o,u;HOHMeHHOIIOJIIOC-
HbIX HH,lI;YKTOPHbIX reHepaTopoB npocTpaHCTBeHHoe pacIIpe,u;eJIeHHe MarHHTHOH
HH)l;yKIJ;HH H nOTOKa B B03)J;yIIIHOM 3a30pe OT MJJ:C 06MOTKH B036y)[()J;eHHH OII-
pe,u;eJIHeTCJI H3 CooTHoilleHHH [100]:
1.1 II
I !,
III III
i
jl
li'l
I
'II I
1 '.1
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II:, Ii
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1'11 11
1111
312
rllaBa 6. 5ecKoHTaKTHble reHepaTopbl nepeMeHHoro
TOKa C 3neKTpOManiMTHbiM B036y>K,C\eHMeM
IiIHAYKTOpHble CMHXpoHHble reHepaTopbl
313
YBeJIHqeHHe TOKa B036Yj[()J;eHHH CBbIille KpHTHqeCKOrO I BKP BbI3bIBaeT He B03-
paCTaHHe, KaK 3TO Ha6JIIO,u;aeTCSI B 06bI'lHOM CHHXpOHHOM reHepaTope, a
YMeHbrueHHe 3JJ:C XOJIOCTOrO xo,u;a. 3Ta oc06eHHOCTb yxy,u;illaeT peryJIHpOBOq-
HbIe CBOHCTBa ,u;aHHoro reHepaTopa. )JjrH YBeJIHqeHHH ,u;11aIIa30Ha peryJIHpOBa-
HHSI MarHHTHYIO CHCTeMy HHL\YKTopHoro reHepaTopa BbIIIOJIIUlIOT MaJIOHaCbI-
Il{eHHOll, YBeJIHqHBaH pa3Mepbr MarnHTOIIpOBo,u;a.
Pa6o'luii pe:JICUM. I1pH CHMMeTpHqHOH HarpY3Ke TOKH HKOpH C03,u;aIOT
BpaIIIaIOIl(yIOCJI C CHHXpOHHOH CKOpOCTbIO !1 r =!1 R =ro/ZR MAC HKOpH [99]
F]=F]mcoS(ZRo.-W]t-P), (6.6)
r,u;e 13 - ljJa30BbIH yrOJI c,u;B11ra Mej[()J;Y 3AC XOJIOCTOrO xo,u;a Eo 11 TOKOM HKOpH
II.
KaK H B 06bIqHOM cr ,u;ml yqcra peamHH HKOpSl 3TY M,l],C IIpe,u;CTaBJIHIOT
B BH,u;e COCTaBJIHIOIIIHX IIO IIPO,u;OJIbHOH d H IIonepe'lHOH q OCHM:
B HH)J;yKTOpHbIX reHepaTopax MarHHTHble nOJIH B036YJK)JeHHSI H HKOpH
MorYT co,u;epJKaTb BbICillHe 'leTHbIe H HeqeTHbIe rapMOHHKH. qcrHbIe rapMOHH-
KH YCTpaHHIOTCH BbI60pOM illara 06MOTKH HKOpSl, 6JIH3KHM K IIOJIIOCHOMY ,lI;eJIe-
HHIO, H BbI60pOM ,u;p06Horo qHCJIa IIa30B Ha IIOJIIOC H ljJa3Y C HeqcrHbIM qHCJIOM
B 3HaMeHaTeJIe. HeqeTHbIe rapMOHHKH IIOJIH B036Yj[()J;eHHH HaBO,u;HT B 06MOTKe
SlKOpSl 3JJ:C HeOCHoBHOH qaCTOTbI, 11CKaJKaIOT 1jJ0PMY Bblxo,u;Horo HaIIpHJKeHHH
H TOKa H BbI3bIBaIOT ,lI;OIIOJIHHTeJIbHbIe IIoTepH. HeqeTHbIe rapMoHHKH IIOJIH
HKOpH Y'IHTbIBaIOTCH, KaK H B 06bI'lHbIX MaruHHax, HHJJ.YKTHBHbIM COIIpOTlIBJIe-
HHeM ,lI;HljJljJepeHl{HaJIbHOrO pacceHHHH.
6.3. CHHXpoHHble reHepaTopbI C KorTeo6pa3HbIMH nOJIIOCaMH
6.3.1. npHHQHn Jl,ellCTBHH. ImaccmlmKaQHH H YCTPOHCTBO
CHHXPOHHbIX MaruHH C KorTeo6pa3HblMH nOJnocaMH
Ycmpoiicm6o cr C Kozmeo6pa3HblMu nOJlIOCllMlI. CUHXpoHHbIe MaillH-
HbI C Korre06pa3HbIMH IIOJIIOCaM11 OTJIHqaIOTCSI OT 06blqHbIX KOHCTpYKl{HeH
MarnHTOIIpOBo,u;a HH)J;yKTopa (pOTopa) H 06MOTKH B036Yj[()J;eHHH.
Fdl = F dlm cos(Z Ra - olJf); (6.7)
Fql = F qlm sin(Z Ra - OJIt), (6.8)
r,u;e F dim = Fim sin fJ; F qim = Fim cos fJ . (6.9)
CooTBeTcTBYIOIl{He COCTaBJIHIOIl{He MarHHTHoH HH,u;YKl{HH oIIpe,u;eJIHIOTCH
lIO COOTHOIlleHHHM
PUC. 6.8. OOll\ee YCTpoiicTBO
oeCKOHTaKTHOro CHUXPOHHOI'O
reHepaTopa C Korreoopa3HM-
MH nOJIIOCaMH
6
B adim = AadlFdim,Baqlm = AaqiFqim' (6.10)
r,u;e Aadb Aaa] - y,u;eJIbHbIe MarHHTHbIe IIpOBO,u;HMOCTH peaKl{HH HKOpH no OCHM d
Hq.
AeHCTByroIl{He 3HaqeHHH 3JJ:C peaKIJ;HH SlKOpH -
Eadi = 2$ fiOJikot'£i1Badim'
E aql = 2$ fiOJikolTilBaqim'
a COOTBeTcTBYIOIIIHe HH)J;yKT11BHbIe COIIpOTHBJIeHHH peaKl{H11 SlKOpSl -
xad = Eadi lId' x aq = E aqi IIq (6.13)
H paCC'lHTbIBaIOTCSI qepe3 MarHHTHbIe IIpOBO,u;HMOCTH peamHH SlKOpH IIO OCHM d
H q no COOTHOilleHHHM, IIpHBe,ll;eHHbIM B pa60Te [100].
AKTHBHoe COlIpOTHBJIeIIHe H HH)J;yKTHBHOe conpOTHBJIeHHe pacceHHHSI
06MOTKH HKOpSl paCCqHTbIBaIOT IIO 06bIqHbIM 1jJ0pMYJIaM ,lI;JIH MaillHH IIepeMeH-
Horo TOKa. 3HaH IIapaMeTpbI, HeTpy,u;HO lIOCTpOHTb BeKTopHyro ,lI;HarpaMMY TO-
KOB 11 HaIIpHJKeHHH H paCCqHTaTb OCHOBHbIe XapaKTepHCTHKH CIfr. B OTJIHqHe
OT reHepaTOpoB KJIaCCHqeCKHX KOHCTPYKWIH HH.u;yKTopHbIe reHepaTopbr HMeIOT
MeHbruyro JKeCTKOCTb BHeillHHX xapaKTepHcTHK H ,u;JIH cTa6HJIH3al{HH HarrpSlJKe-
HHH He06xo,u;HMO H3MeHHTb HX TOK B036Yj[()J;eHHSI B 60JIee IIIHpOKHX rrpe,u;eJIax.
JJ:JIH nOBbIIlleHHH JKeCTKOCTH BHeillHHX XapaKTepHCTHK CIfr HHor)Ja IIpHMeHH-
lOT eMKOCTHyro KOMneHCaI.:(HIO, lIO,ll;KJIIOqaJI K BbIXO,u;HbIM 3aJKHMaM reHepaTopa
KOH,u;eHcaTopbI.
(6.11)
(6.12)
MarnHTOIIpOBO,u; pOTopa COCTOHT H3 Tpex qaCTeH (p11c. 6.8) [62]: SlpMa 2,
,u;HCKa 1 C Korre06pa3HbIMH BbIcTyrraMH, 06pa3YIOIIIHMH ceBepHble IIOJIIOCbI N,
H ,u;HCKa 3 C Korre06pa3HbIMH BbIcryIIaMH, 06pa3YIOIIIHMH IOJKHbIe nOJIIOCbI S.
KOJIbl{eBaH 06MoTKa B036YJK,u;eH11H 4 paCIIOJIaraeTCSI Mej[()J;y ,u;HCKaM11 1 H 3 C
BbIcTyrraIOIl{HMH CHCTeMaMH IIOJIIOCOB H IIHTacrcSI OT B036y,u;HTeJIH C nOMOIIIbIO
KOHTaKTHblX KOJIel{. IIpH B036YJK,u;eHHH HH,u;YKTopa 06pa3YeTCSI MarH11THOe IIO-
JIe, JIHHHH KOToporo YCJIOBHO IIOKa3aHbI Ha pHC. 6.8.
EOJIbillaH qaCTb JIHHHH, BbIXO,u;HIl{HX H3 ceBepHbIX IIOJIIOCOB, IIepeceKaeT
3a30p, Cl{eIIJISlcrcSI C 06MOTKOll HKOpSl, rrpOXO,u;HT no HPMy H CHOBa B03Bpaliiacr-
CH B HH)JYKTOP 'fepe3 3a30p Mej[()J;y 3y6l{aMH HKOpSl H IOJKHbIMH IIOJIIOCaMH. 3TH
JIHHHH 06pa3yroT IIOTOK B3allMHOH HH)J;yKl{HH C 06MOTKOH HKOpH.
MeHbillaH qaCTb JIHHHH HarrpaBJIHeTCH npSlMO OT ceBepHbIX lIOJIIOCOB K
IOJKHbIM, He 06pa3YSI IIOJIe3HOrO IIOTOKOCl{enJIeHHH C 06MOTKOH HKOpH. 3T11 JI11-
HHH 06pa3yroT IIOTOK paCCeHH11H 06MOTKll B036Yj[()J;eHHH.
IIo,ll;06HbIe reHepaTopbI BbInycKaJIHCb Ha 3ape pa3BHTHH 3JIeKTpoMaruH-
HocTpoeHHH B 1890-19001'1'. B HaCTOHIl{ee BpeMH TaK11e Mo,u;llIjJHKal{HH pOTO-
, III
314
rllaBa 6. 5ecKoHTaKTHble reHeparopbl nepeMeHHoro
TOKa C 311eKTpOMarHMTHbIM B036YJK,QeHMeM
CMHXpOHHble reHepaTopbl C KOrTeo6pa3HblMM nOm()CaMM
315
1 . 111
III
pOB Korre06pa3Horo HCnOJIHeHHH npHMeHHIOTCJI TOJIbKO B MalliHHaX He60JIb-
IIIOH MOll{HOCTH C 60JIbIIIHM qHCJIOM IIOJIIOCOB, KOrD.a MallillHa C Korre06pa3-
HbIMH IIOJIIOCaMH npeBOCXO,ll;HT no CBOHM nOKa3areJIHM H 06bIqHYIO, H HH.u;YK-
TOPHYIO CHHXpoHHbIe MalliHHbI.
O,ll;HaKO oc06eHHo L(eHHbIe Ka'leCTBa TaKaJl: MaIIIHHa IIpH06peTaeT B HC-
IIOJIHeHHH C HeIIo.u;BHJKHOH KOJIbl{eBOH 06MOTKOH B036Yj[()J;eHHH, B KOTOpOH HC-
KJIIOqeH CKOJIb3HIl{HH KOHTaKT B Il{eTO'lHOM YCTpoHcTBe .u;JIH IIHTaHHH 06MOTKH
B036YJKD.eHHH. IfMeHHo II03TOMy OHa IIonyqHJIa Ha3BaHHe 6eCKOHTaKTHOH.
lVlaccupuKal(UR liCr C Kozmeo6pa3HblMU 3JleMeHmllMU MaZHumHOU
l(enu {13]. B IIOCJIe.u;Hee BpeMH B CBH3H C 6bICTpbIM paCIIIHpeHHeM npaKTHqe-
CKoro HCIIOJIb30BaHHH 3JIeKTpHqeCKHX MaIIIHH C Korre06pa3HbIMH nOJIIOCaMH
IIOJl:BHJIOCb 60JIbIIIOe KOJIHqeCTBO pa3JIHqHbIX HOBbIX BH.u;OB, MO.u;HIjJHKaI:(HH H
KOHCTPYKTHBHbIX BapHaHTOB MaruHH, B MarHHTHOH l{eIIH KOTOpbIX 11CnOJIb3Y-
IOTCH Korre06pa3Hble :meMeHTbI. KpYIIHO OHH IIo,u;pa3.u;eJIHIOTCH Ha MaruHHbI C
Korre06pa3HbIM JlKOpeM, Korre06pa3HbIM HH)J;yKTOpOM, Korre06pa3HbIMH HKO-
peM H HH)J;yKTOpOM (pHC. 6.9).
Korre06pa3HbIe nOJIIOCa CTaJIH HCIIOJIb30BaTbCH He TOJIbKO BO BHYTPHIIO-
JIIOCHbIX Maru11HaX, HO H BO BHeIIIHeIIOJIIOCHbIX H TOpL(OBbIX. II03TOMY IIPH
KJIaCCI1IjJI1Kal{I1H MaIIIHH C Korre06pa3Hbuvi HH,u;YKTOPOM HX IIo,u;pa3.u;eJIHIOT, B
3aBHCHMOCTH OT B3aHMHOrO paCIIOJIOJKeHHH HKOpH H HH)l;YKTopa, Ha BHYTpHIIO-
JIIOCHbIe, BHeIIIHeIIOJIIOCHbIe H TOpl{OBbIe MaIIIHHbI. TOpl{OBbIe MaruHHbI B Ha-
CTOHIl{ee BpeMJI: HMeIOT .u;Be OCHOBHbIX pa3HOBH.mIOCTH: C ,lI;BYCTOPOHHHM pac-
IIOJIOJKeHHeM pa3HOI1MeHHbIX nOJIIOCHbIX CHCTeM no 06e CTOpOHbI TOpl{OBOrO
Jl:KOpH H KOHl{eHTpH'-lHOll C HKopeM H KaryIIIKoH B036YJK,lI;eHHH (HH,lI;YKTOPHbIH
BapHaHT TOpl{eBOH MaruHHbI C Korre06pa3HbIM11 nonIOcaMH). TaKHe MaIIIHHbI
HaXOD.Jl:T IIpHMeHeHHe B KaqeCTBe BbICOKOCKOpOCTHbIX reHepaTopOB H 3JIeKTpO-
MarHHTHbIX MyljJT CKOJIbJKeHHH.
BHeIIIHeIIOJIIOCHbIe MaruHHbI MOJKHO IIo,u;pa3.u;eJIHTb Ha TpH OCHOBHbIe
rpynIIbI:
- C BHelliHell KaryruKOll B036Yj[()J;eHHH, KOaKCHaJIbHOll C HKopeM, KOTopaH
MOJKeT 6bITb BbIIIOJIHeHa HJIH BpaIIIaIOll{eHCH, HJIH HenO,ll;BHJKHOH;
- C BHYTpeHH11MH KaryIIIKaMH B036Yj[()J;eHHH, pacnOJIOJKeHHbIMH IIO 60KaM
IIaKeTa HKOpJl:;
- C 60KOBbIM pacnOJIOJKeHHeM KaTYllIKH B036YJK,lI;eHHH H HepaBHbIMH .u;JIH-
HaMH IIOJIIOCOB pa3JIH'-IHOH IIOJIHpHOCTH.
HaH60JIee MHOrOqHCJIeHHbIll no KOJIHqeCTBY pa3HoBHlIHocTeH KJIaCC co-
CTaBJIHIOT MaruHHbI C BHYTpHIIOJIIOCHbIM Korre06pa3HbIM HH,lJ;YKTOpOM.
Ifx MOJKHO no.u;pa3.u;eJIHTb IIO BH)J;y MarHHTHoll CHCTeMbI Ha MaIIIHHbI C
BHYTpeHHHM H BHeIIIHHM MarHHTOIIpOBO,ll;OM.
MaruHHbI C BHyTpeHHHM MarHHToIIpOBO.u;OM B 3aBHC11MOCTH OT KOHCT-
PYKl{HI1 pOTopa nO.llpa3.u;eJIJlIOTCJI Ha ,lI;Ba BI1,l1;a: C B036YJKD.eHHeM Ha pOTOpe
(IIpH 3TOM Bce 3neMeHTbI HH)l;YKTopa Jl:BJIHIOTCJI BparuaIOIl{HMHCH) H C HeIIO,ll;-
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316
rnaBa 6. 5ecKoHTaKTHbie .-eHepaTopbl nepeMeHHoro
TOKa C 3neKTpOMarHMTHbiM B036YJKAeHMeM
CMHXpOHHble reHepaTopbl C Korreo6pa3HblMM nontOCaMM
317
I
II
BIIJKHOH 06MOTKOH B036YJK):(eHHH II nOJIbIM pOTOpOM, B KOTOpOM BpaIIIa10Tcx
TonbKO nOJIIOCHble CHCTeMbI.
IfHllYKTOPbI C B036YJKL\eH11eM Ha pOTope MorYT 6bITb KJIacc11IjJI1I-\11pOBa-
HbI B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT BH,lI;a B036YJK,lI;eHHx:
- C 3JIeKTpoMarHHTHbIM B036YJK):(eHHeM OT BpaIT(a1OIl{eiicH 06MOTKH (,u;Ba
BapHaHTa - C O,ll;HHapHOH H MHOJKeCTBeHHoH KOITe06pa3HOH nOJIIOCHOH C11CTe-
MOH);
- C B036YJK.u;eHHeM OT UHJIHH,u;pHqeCKOrO nOCTOHHHoro MarHHTa (TaKJKe
,lI;Ba aHaJIOrHqHbIX Bap11aHTa);
- co CMeIllaHHbIM B036YJK):(eHHeM OT MarHHTa H ,lI;OnOJIH11TeJIbHOH 06MOT-
Kll (06MoTKa BHYTPH 11JIH cHapYJKH MarHHTa).
IfH,u;YKTOPbI C HeIIo,u;BHJKHOH 06MOTKOH B036YJK,u;eHHH H nonbIM pOTOpOM
B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT KOHCTPYKTHBHbIX oc06eHHocTeH IIo,u;pa3l1eJIH1OTcH Ha 'IeTblpe
rpYIIIIbI: C ,u;BYCTOPOHHHM paCIIOJIOJKeHHeM ,lI;OIIOJIHHTeJIbHbIX 3a30pOB; C O,u;HO-
CTOpOHHHM KOHl{eHTpIIqHbIM paCIIOJIOJKeHHeM ,lI;OnOJIHHTeJIbHbIX 3a30pOB; C
KorTe06pa3HbIMH H pa,ll;HaJIbHbIMH nOJI1OcaMH (<<ceKCHH»); C pa3,l1;eJIeHHbIMH no-
JIIOCHbIMH CHCTeMaMH (YKopOqeHHbIMIf Korre06pa3HbIMH nOJI1OcaMH).
B nepBoH H3 3THX rpYIIII BbmenHIOT ,lI;Be KOHCTPYKTHBHble MO,ll;HIjJHKaUHH:
C O,u;HOCTOpOHHHM paCIIOJIOJKeHHeM IIO,ll;ruHnHHKoB H C ,lI;BYCTOPOHHHM pacIIo-
nOJKeHHeM IIO,ll;lliHnHHKOB. TIpHqeM IIOCJIe,u;HHH Mo,u;HIjJIIKal{HH BCTpeqaeTCH B
Tpex BapHaHTax: C KOHCOJIbHbIM HCIIOJIHeHHeM pOTopa, ,lI;OIIOJIH11TeJIbHOH IIO,u;-
lliHIIHHKOBOH OIIOpOH H C cHMMeTpHqHbIMH IIO,ll;lliHIIHHKOBbIM11 oIIopaMH C pe-
,u;YKTOPHbIM IIpHBO,ll;OM. Bo BTOpOH H TpeTbeH H3 IIepeqHCneHHbIx Bblrue rpYIIII
MorYT 6bITb BapHaHTbI O,ll;11HapHbIX H c,u;BoeHHbIX 11H,lI;YKTOpoB.
MaruHHbI C BHelliHHM MarHHToIIpOBO,u;OM B 3aBHCHMOCT11 OT KOHCTPYK-
THBHbIX oc06eHHocTeH H BH,lI;a B036Yj[()J;eHHH MorYT 6bITb IIo,ll;pa3,l1;eJIeHbI Ha ,u;Be
OCHOBHbIe MOl1HIjJHKal{HH: C 3JIeKTpoMarHHTHbIM H CMelliaHHbIM B036Y)Kl1eHH-
eM. B IIepBOH H3 HHX nOMHMO 06bIqHOH KOHCTPYKl{HH C O,ll;HHapHOH IIOJI1OCHOH
CHCTeMOH pa3pa60TaHbI eIl{e ,lI;Ba BapHaHTa: C MHorOKpaTHbIM HCIIonb30BaHHeM
MarHHTHoro IIOTOKa H Korre06pa3HO-HH,lI;YKTopHaH KOHCTPYKl{11H. Mo,u;HIjJHKa-
l{HH co CMeIllaHHbIM B036YJK):(eHHeM H3BeCTHa B ,lI;BYX pa3HOBH,lI;HOCTHX: C O,ll;HO-
CTOpOHHHM paCIIOnOJKeHHeM 06MOTKH B036Yj[()J;eHHH H ,u;BYCTOPOHHHM ee pac-
IIOJIOJKeHHeM, IIpHqeM IIOCJIe,ll;HHH MOJKeT BbIIIOnHHTbCH C l{HJIHH,u;pHqeCKHM
MarHHTOM 11JIH C MarHHTOM-«3Be3,l1;OQKOH».
KaK BH,lI;HO H3 KJIaCcHIjJHKal{HOHHOH cxeMbI, KOJIH'IeCTBO pa3HOBH,u;HOCTeH
3JIeKTpHQeCKHX MalliHH C Korre06pa3HbIMH 3JIeMeHTaMH ,lI;OBOJIbHO BeJIHKO. TIo-
3TOMY HX H3yqeHHe, cpaBHeHHe H BbIHBJIeHHe pal{HOHanbHbIX 06naCTeH
IIp11MeHeHHH IIpe,ll;CTaBJIHeT BaJKHYIO npaKTHqeCKY10 IIp06JIeMY, B TOM qHCJIe -
,lI;JIH HX HCIIonb30BaHHH B B3Y.
Ecr C Kozmeo6pa311blMU nOJlIOCOMU C 611elUlleK30MKllymblM .MaZllum-
IIbUt nOmOKO.M IIOKa3aH B pa3pe3e Ha pHC. 6.10 [62], ero pOTOp - Ha pHC. 6.11
[62].
06MOTKa B036YJK):(eHHH reHepaTopa COCT011T H3 ,lI;BYX HenO,ll;BHJKHbIX
KOJIbl{eBbIX KaTyrueK 1, YCTa-
HOBJIeHHbIX B yrny6neHHHx
no,u;lliHIIHHKOBbIX Il{HTOB 5,
11. flHHHH OCHOBHoro Mar-
H11THOrO nOJIH, B036Y)K,lI;eHHO-
1'0 TOKaMH B 3THX KaTYlliKax,
3aMbIKa1OTcH B OCHOBHOM IIO
IIYTH, IIOKa3aHHoMY Ha PH-
cYHKe: OT ceBepHbIx IIOJI1OCOB 10
9 Qepe3 3a30p K 3y6l{aM Mar-
HHTOIIpoBo,u;a HKOpH 3; IIO
HpMY H 3y6l{aM HKOpH eIIIe
pa3 Qepe3 3a30p K 10JKHbIM
IIon1OcaM 8; IIO HPMY 7 1OJK-
HbIX nOJI1OcoB; qepe3 3a30p
Mej[()J;y HpMOM 7 H III11TOM 5;
IIO Il{HTY 5,cTaHHHe 4 H Il{HTY
11; qepe3 3a30p MeJK.u;y IIIH-
TOM 11 H HpMOM 10 ceBepHbIX
IIOJI1OCOB; IIO HPMY 10 CHOBa
B ceBepHbIe IIOJIIOCbI. qac-
T11QHO pacceHBaHCb, IIone
B036YJK,u;eHHH CuenJIHeTCH C
06MOTKOH HKOpH. TIp11 Bpa-
IlleHHH Bana 6 BMeCTe C HpMaM11 IIOJI1OCOB 7, 10 H IIOJI1OcaMH 8, 9 IIepHo,u;Hqe-
CKH H3MeHHeTCH IIOTOKOCl{enJIeHHe C 06MOTKOH HKOpH H B HeH HH,lI;YKTHpyeTcH
3L{C.
TaKHe 6ecKoHTaKTHbIe CHHXpoHHble reHepaTopbI MorYT HMeTb 60nblliHe
npeHMyru;eCTBa B B3Y, KOr,ll;a 06CJIYJKHBaHHe Il{eTOqHOrO YCTpOHCTBa 3aTpy,ll;-
HeHO H Tpe6yeTcH BbICOKaH Hal1eJKHOCTb MaruHHbI B TeqeHHe .u;JIHTeJIbHOH 3KC-
nJIyaTal{HH B THJKeJIbIX ycnoBHHx. TIpaKTHqeCKH OHH HalliJIH IIpHMeHeHHe B
BeTpOYCTaHOBKaX cepHH AB3Y IjJHPMbI «BeTP03H».
ECr C 611ympu3OMKllymblM nomOKOM ((CeKCUII»)). Ha pHC. 6.12 IIOKa-
3aHa KOHCTPYKTHBHa» cxeMa ECr C BHYTpH3aMKHYTbIM IIOTOKOM [22]. Ha CTa-
TOpe pa3MeIl{aeTCH 06MOTKa B036YJK,u;eHHH nOCTOHHHoro TOKa 1 If 06MOTKa
HKOpH 2, paCIIOJIOJKeHHaH B na3ax lliHXTOBaHHoro CTaJIbHOrO cep,u;eQHHKa 3. K
06MoTKe B036Y)K,u;eHHH 1 IIpHMbIKaeT BHYTpeHHHH CTaJIbHOH MarHHToIIpOBO,ll; 4.
POTOp co,u;epJK11T l{eHTpaJIbHY1O CTaJIbHY10 BrynKY 5 C pa,ll;HaJIbHbIMH BbIcTYIIa-
MH 6 H l{HJIHH,lI;p 7 C aKCHaJIbHbIMH BbIcTYIIaMH (<<KOITHMH») 8, KOTopbIe pac-
nonara1OTcH MeJK.u;y BbIcTYIIaMH 6. BTYJIKa 5, BbICTYIIbI 6 H l{HJIHH,lI;p 7 C «Kor-
THMID) 8 113rOTOBJIeHbI H3 MarHHToMHrKoH CTaJIH. TIpocTpaHcTBo Mej[()J;y BbI-
1m
6
PHC. 6.10. 6ecKoHTaKTHblH cr C BHelllHe3aMKHY-
TblM Ma.-HHTHblM nOTOKOM
PHC. 6.11. Kor.-eofipa3HbIH pOTOp fiecKoH-
TaKTHO.-O cr
III
318
rnaBa 6. 5eCKOHTaKTHbie l"eHepaTopbl nepeMeHHoro
TOKa C 3neKTpOMarHMTHbiM B036YJKAeHMeM
CMHXpOHHble reHepaTopbl C KOrTeo6pa3HblMM nOntOCaMM
319
cryIIaMH 6 H «KorrHMH» 8 3aJIHTO IIPOqHbIM HeMarHHTHbIM CnJIaBOM 9. Bce
3JIeKTpHqeCKHe 3neMeHTbI Ecr HaXOMTCH Ha CTaTOpe, a pOTOp HBJIHeTCH qHCTO
MeXaHHQeCKOH KOHCTpYKl{HeH.
MarnHTHbIH nOTOK <1>0, c03,u;aHHbIH 06MOTKOH 1, 3aMbIKaeTCH IIO iIyTH C
MHHHMaJIbHbIM CYMMapHbIM 3a30pOM: 4 -BHYTpeHHHH CTaJIbHOH MarHHTonpo-
BO,u;; 01 - ,u;OIIonHHTeJIbHbIH 3a30p; 5 - BTynKa pOTopa; 6 - BbIcrynbI; 0 - pa60-
qHH 3a30p; 2 - cTaTop C JlKOpHOH 06MOTKOH; 6 - 3a30p; 8 - «KOITH»; 7 - IJ;H-
nHH,u;p; 02 - ,u;onOJIHHTeJIbHbIH 3a30p; 4 - cK06a.
TaKHM 06Pa30M, BbICTYIIbI 6 H «KOITH» 8 no OTHOmeHHIO K HKOplO HMe-
lOT IIpOTHBOnOJIOJKHyro MarnHTHYIO IIOJIHpHOCTb (Ha p11c. 6.12 BbICryIIbI 6 -
ceBepHbIe IIonIOCbI, TaK KaK <1>0 BbIXO)I;HT H3 HHX, a «KorrH» 8 - IOJKHbIe IIOJIIO-
CbI, TaK KaK <1>0 BXO)I;HT B HHX).
6.3.2. CHHxpoHHbIe reHepaTopbI cepHH CtBM
,aJIH B3Y cepHH AB3Y
HOMHHaJIbHbIe 3HaqeHHH OCHOBHbIX IIapaMeTpoB reHepaTopoB 3TOH ce-
pHH IIpHBe,u;eHbI B Ta6JI. 6.1 [46].
Ta6nHl{a 6.1
XapaKTepHCTHKH ECr C KOrTeo6pa3HbIMH nOJIlOCaMH B3Y
2
cepHH AB3Y c!lHPMbI <<BeTPo3H»
THn reHe- MOIQ- HanpH- TOK Cos(j) "IlacTo- "IlacToTa KII)l;,
paTopa HOCTb, eHHe, HarpY3- Ta, rl( BpaIQe- %
KBT/KBA B KH,A HHH,
06/MHH
CrBM-4 4/5 400 7,22 0,8 50 1500 82,5
CrBM-16 16/20 400 28,9 0,8 50 1500 89,0
crBM-30 30/37,5 400 54,1 0,8 50 1500 90,0
PUC. 6.12. KOUCTpYKTuBHaH cxe-
Ma 6ecKoHTaKTHoro CUHXPOHHO-
ro reHepaTopa C BHY'fJJu3aMKHY-
TLIM nOTOKOM Tuna «CeKCUH»
TOK B036Yj[()J;eHHH, A ConpOTHBJIeHHe 06MOTOK npH HanpH eHHH ,aonOJI-
15 0 C/nPH 80°C HHTeJIbHOH 06MOTKH
npH x.x. npH K.3. CTaTopa )];0 OB HOMH- npe,aeJIb-
HaJIbHOe Hoe
,aonOJIHH-
TeJIbHOe
2,85-3,13 2,85-3,13 1,63/1,8 0,15/0,16 4,2/4,65 39 37-41
4,4-4,84 5,3-5,83 0,19/0,21 0,06/0,07 3,5/3,85 59 56-62
6,4-7 04 9,0-9,9 0,08/0,09 0,03/0,04 2,05/2,25 51 48,5-53
OKOHQaHHe Ta6JI 6 1
,
I
TIp11 BpaIIIeHHH pOTopa IIOTOK <1>0 B cep,u;eqHHKe 3 TaKJKe BpaliiaeTcH H
HaBO)I;HT 3)J:C B HKOpHOH 06MoTKe 2. TIOMHMO OCHOBHOro nOTOKa <1>0 cyruecT-
BYIOT H nOTOKH pacceHHHH <1>8' He Cl{enJIeHHbIe C 06MOTKOH 2.
KOPIIYC reHepaTopa He JlBJIHeTCH MarnHTonpoBo,u;OM H MOJKeT H3rOTaB-
JIHBaTbCH H3 nerKoro HeMarHHTHoro MaTepHaJIa. 06MOTKa B036y)[()J;eHHH HMeeT
MaJIbIH ,u;HaMeTp, ee o6'beM, a 3HaQUT, H IIOTep11 B HeH HeBeJIHKH. reHepaTOp C
BHYTpH3aMKHYTbIM IIOTOKOM nerqe H KOMIIaKTHee, qeM reHepaTOp C BHellIHe-
3aMKH)'TbIM IIOTOKOM.
Bo MHorHX CJIY'laJIX reHepaTOp C BHYTpH3aMKHYTbIM IIOTOKOM HMeeT
,u;BYCTOPOHHIOIO CHCTeMY B036y)[()J;eHHH, KaK H ECr C BHellIHe3aMKHYTbIM Mar-
HHTHbIM IIOTOKOM. B l{eJIOM reHepaTOpbI C BHYTpH3aMKHYTbIM nOTOKOM HMeIOT
3HaqHTeJIbHbIe IIOTOKH pacceHHHH; K031jJIjJHl{HeHTbI paCCeJlHHH IIOTOKa ,aOCTH-
ralOT 1,5 - 1,6, HH,lI;YKl{HH B pa60qeM 3a30pe IIO,u; nomocaMH MOfYT 3HaqHTeJIb-
HO pa3JIHqaTbCJI, qTO npHBO,ll;HT K HecHMMeTpHH MarHHTHOI"O IIOJIH pOTopa no
OTHOmeHHIO K JlKOpHOH 06MoTKe, a BHelIIHue xapaKTepHCTHKH 3Toro reHepaTo-
pa HMeIOT 60nbllIoH HaKJIOH, qTO. 3aTpy,u;HHeT cTa6HJIH3aWIIO BbIXo,u;Horo Ha-
IIpJlJKeHHH.
reHepaTOp cepHH CrBM COCTOHT H3 c06cTBeHHo reHepaTopa 11 6JIOKa
aBTOMaTHKH EA-M, YCTaHOBJIeHHOrO BHe reHepaTopa.
Co6cTBeHHo reHepaTop npe,u;cTaBJIHeT C060H 6ecKoHTaKTHYIO MallIHHY C
Korre06pa3HbIMH nOJIIOCaMH H BHellIHHM MarHHTonpoBo,u;oM H COCTOHT H3 CJIe-
,u;YIOIl{HX COCTaBHbIX QaCTeH: CTaTopa, pOTopa, ,u;BYX IIO,u;llIHIIHHKOBbIX Il{HTOB
(pHc.6.13).
CTIlTOp 10 COCTOHT H3 CTaHHHbI, cep,u;eQHHKa cTaTopa H 06MOTKH.
CTaHHHa 12 - JIUTOH KOHCTpYKQHH C BHemHHMH pe6paMH ,u;JIH YCHJIeHHH
OXJIaJK,lI;eHHH reHepaTopa nOCpe,ll;CTBOM 06)I;yBa B03,l1;yruHbIM IIOTOKOM.
Cep,ll;eqHHK cTaTopa, Ha6paHHbIH H3 JIaK11pOBaHHbIx nHCTOB 3JIeKTpoTex-
HHQeCKOH CTaJIH TOJIIl{HHOH 0,5 MM, 3aIIpeccoBaH B cTaHHUY.
06MOTKa CTaTOpa BCbIIIHaH. B IIOJIY3aKpbITbIX IIa3aX Cep,ll;eqHHKa Pa3-
MeIl{eHbI ,u;Be TpexljJa3Hble KaryrueqHbIe 06MOTKH: OCHOBHaH - ,lI;BYXCJIOHHaJI,
IIpe,ll;Ha3HaqeHHaJI ,lI;JIH nHTaHHH IIoTpe6HTeJIeH 3JIeKTp03HeprHeH; BcnOMora-
TeJIbHaJI - O,u;HOCJIOHHaJI, BbIIIOJIHeHHaH Ha IIOHHJKeHHOe HaIIpJlJKeHHe H npe,u;Ha-
3uaqeHHaJI ,lI;JIH nHTaHHH 06MOTKH B036YJK,u;eHHH 'Iepe3 6noK aBTOMaTHKH.
I
jlr
j!
I
320
rnaBa 6. 5ecKoHTaKTHbie reHepaTopbl nepeMeHHoro
TOKa C 3neKTpOMarHMTHbiM B036Y>KAeHMeM
CMHXpOHHble reHepaTopbl C KOrTeo6pa3HblMM nomocaMM
321
I1I1I
I
I
KaTYIIIKH B036YJK):(eHHH COe,ll;HHeHbI IIocne,u;OBaTenbHO lIJIH reHepaTopa
CrBM-411 rrapaJIJIeJIbHO ,lI;JIH reHepaTOpoB crBM-16 H crBM-30.
Kop06Ka BbIBO,u;OB 18 YCTaHOBneHa Ha CTaHHHe H HMeeT OMH KJIeMMHHK
lIJIH CHJIOBbIX BbIBO,u;OB reHepaTopa.
BHeruHHH CHJIOBOH Ka6eJIb nOlIBo,UHTCH qepe3 IIITYl{ep, pacnOJIOJKeHHbIH
Ha Kop06Ke BbIBO,ll;OB.
B MeCTaX CTbIKa CTaH11HbI H IIO,ll;IIIHIIHHKOBbIX Il{11TOB, a TaKJKe IIO,ll;
KpbIruKOH Kop06KH BbIBO,ll;OB YCTaHOBJIeHbI YIIJIOTHHTenbHbIe rrpOKJIa,ll;KH, IIpe-
rrHTCTBYIOIl{11e IIpOHHKHoBeHHIO MarH BO BHYTpeHHIOIO IIOJIOCTb reHepaTopa.
EJIOK aBTOMaT11KH EA-M (PHC. 6.14) CKOMIIOHOBaH B MeTaJIJIHqeCKOM
HIl{HKe 11 BKJIIO'laeT B ce6H:
II!I
G
rDol
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
L...!:..O_J
18
I
I
II
II
Iii
I
III
II
Puc.6.13. YCTpoiicTBO fiecKoHTaKTHoro CHHxpoHHoro reHepaTopa cepHu CrBM
AJIH B3Y cepuH AB3Y
OCHOBHaJI 06MOTKa COe,ll;HHeHa B «3Be3,l1;Y» C BbIBe,ll;eHHoH HeHTpaJIbIO.
BcnoMOraTeJIbHaJI 06MOTKa, C,u;BHHYTaH Ha 90 3JIeKTpHQeCKHX rpa,ll;YCOB OTHO-
CHTeJIbHO 1jJa3 OCHOBHOH 06MOTKH, TaKJKe coe,u;HHeHa B (<3Be3)J;y» H HMeeT TPH
BbIXO,ll;HbIX KOHl{a.
POTOp 11 COCTOHT H3 BaJIa, ,lI;BYX T-06pa3HbIX IIOJIIOCHbIX CHCTeM (KaK
IIOKa3aHO Ha pHC. 6.8) H rrO,ll;ruHIIHHKOBbIX Y3JIOB. Korre06pa3HbIe rrOJIIOCHble
CHCTeMbI HaCa)l'(eHbI Ha HeMarnHTHbIH BaJI.
Ha BaJIY CMOHTHpOBaHbI rro,u;ruHIIHHKH KaqeHHH: co CTopOHbI IIpHcoe,u;H-
HeHHH K IIpHBO,ll;Y - pOJIHKOrrO,ll;ru11IIHHK 4, C IIpOTHBOIIOnOJKHOH - ruapHKorro,u;-
llIHnHHK 15. IIon;ruHIIHHKH 3aIIIHIl{eHbI HapYJKHbIMH 3, 16 H BHYTpeHHHMH 5
KpbIlliKaMH.
IIO,u;ruHIIHHKoBbIe Il{HTbI 7, 13 - JIHTOH KOHCTPYKl{HH, COIIpJlJKeHbI co CTa-
HHHOH nOCpe,ll;CTBoM IIOCa,ll;O'lHbIX 3aMKOB H KpeIIHTCH K HeH 60JITaMH 8, 17.
OHH HMeIOT C BHYTpeHHeH CTOpOHbI KOnbl{eBbIe na3bI, B KOTOpbIX paCIIOnOJKe-
HbI KOJIbl{eBbIe MHorOBUTKOBbIe KaTyruKH B036Yj[()J;eHHH 9 C 06MOTKOH 113
Me,nHoro IIpOBo,u;a.
PHC. 6.14. CTPYKT)'pHaH cxeMa fiJlOKa aBTOMaTUKU CUHxpoHHoro reHepaTopa
cepuu CrBM
- H3MepHTeJIbHbIH opraH 11M;
- ruHpOTHo-HMIIynbcHbIH perYJIHTOp IlIIfM;
- CYMMHpYIOIl{HH YCHnHTeJIb CY H YCHJIHTenb Y;
- HCTOQHHK IIHTaHHH CTa6HJIH3HpOBaHHOro HaIIpJlJKeHHH I1TI;
- IIOJIYIIPOBO,u;HHKOBbIH KJIIOQeBOH 3neMeHT K3.
JJ:JIH BHeruHHx IIO,ll;KJIlOqeHUH 6nOKa aBTOMaTHKH (K reHepaTOpy, HarpY3-
Ke, ,lI;OnOJIHHTeJIbHbIM l{eIIHM YIIpaBJIeHHH) IIpe,ll;YCMOTpeHbI COOTBeTCTBYIOIl{He
BHJIKH.
EJIOK aBTOMaTHKH IIpe,ll;CTaBJIHeT C060H perYJIHTOp HaIIpJlJKeHHH IIO OT-
KJIOHeHHIO H 06eCIIeqHBaeT:
- caMOB036YJK,u;eHHe reHepaTopa B 3a,ll;aHHOM ,lI;Hana30He qaCTOT;
- perYJIHpOBaHHe HaIIpJlJKeHHH reHepaTopa C 3a,ll;aHHOH 3aBHCHMOCTbIO OT
QaCTOTbI C MOMeHTa B036YJK,lI;eHHH ,lI;O HOMHHaJIbHOrO 3HaqeHHH;
- perYJIHpOBaHHe HaIIpJlJKeHHH C 3a,ll;aHHOH TOqHOCTbIO IIPH rrOBbIIIIeHHH
HOMHHaJIbHOH QaCTOTbI TOKa HarpY3KH, TeMIIeparypbI H H3MeHeHHH K031jJ1jJH-
l{HeHTa MOIl{HOCTH.
322
rnaBa 6. 5eCKOHTaKTHbie l"eHepaTopbl nepeMeHHoro
TOKa C 3neKTpOMarHMTHbiM B036Y>K,[\eHMeM
CMHXpOHHble reHepaTopbl C Korreo6pa3HblMM nomocaMM
323
II
PerynHpoBaHHe HaIIpJIJKeHHH reHepaTopa oCYIl{eCTBnHeTcH IIocpe,u;CTBOM
H3MeHeHHH COIIpOTHBJIeHHH B l{eIIH 06MOTKH B036Yj[()J;eHHH (OB) 3a CqeT H3Me-
HeHHH cooTHorueHHH BpeMeHH 3aMKHYToro H pa30MKHYTOro COCTOHHHH TpaH311-
CTOpHOro KJIIOqa K3, BKJIIOqeHHOrO BMeCTe C ,u;OIIOJIHHTeJIbHbIM pe3HCTopOM Rl
B l{enb 06MOTKH B036YJK):(eHHJI.
Ha Bxo,u;e CYMMHpYIOIl{erO YCHJIHTeJIH npoHcxo,u;HT cpaBHeHHe CHrHaJIa
YCTaBKH, T. e. CHrHaJIa, npOIIOpl{HOHaJIbHOrO TeKYIl{eMY 3HaqeHHIO HanpJlJKe-
HHH, C CHrHaJIOM, npOIIOpl{HOHaJIbHbIM oTHorueHHIO Ulf, IIOJIyqeHHbIM C BbIXO-
,lI;a H3MepHTeJIbHOrO opraHa. CHrHaJI paccornaCOBaHHH (LlU) Mej[()J;Y YKa3aHHbI-
MH CHrHaJIaMH YCHJIHBaeTCH 11 C BblXO,ll;a CYMMHpYIOIl{ero YCHJI11TeJIH IIo,u;aeTCH
Ha BXO,u; KOMrrapaTopa llIHpOTHO-HMrryJIbCHOrO Mop;yJIHTOpa (II1IfM), r,u;e cpaB-
HHBaeTCH C IIHJI006pa3HbIM HanpHJKeHHeM, IIocryIIaIOIl{HM C BbIXo,u;a 3a,ll;aIOIl{e-
ro reHepaTopa (3r). B pe3YJIbTaTe Ha BbIXO,ll;e II1IfM 1jJ0pMHPYIOTCH IIpHMO-
yronbHbIe HMIIYJIbCbI, K031jJ<)ml{HeHT 3aIIOJIHeHHH KOTOpbIX 3aBHCHT OT BeJIHqH-
HbI CHrHaJIa paCCOrJIaCOBaHHH (LlU).
IIpHMoyronbHble HMIIynbcbI C BbIxo,u;a llIIfM YCHJIHBalOTCH H HCIIOJIb3Y-
IOTCH B KaqeCTBe YIIpaBJIHIOIl{HX CHrHaJIOB TpaH3HCTopHoro KJIlOqa, BKJIlOqeH-
Horo B l{enb 06MOTKH B036YJK,lI;eHHH reHepaTOpa. TIHTaHHe 06MOTKH B036Yj[()J;e-
HHH OCYIl{eCTBJIHeTCH qepe3 BbIIIpHMHTenb, BKJIIOqeHHbIH IIO cxeMe flapHoHoBa
OT ,lI;OIIOnHHTenbHOH 06MOTKH (JJ:O) reHepaTopa.
TIpH H3MeHeHHH CHrHaJIa paCCOrJIaCOBaHHH (LlU) OT HYJIH ,u;o BeJIHqHHbI
aMnJIHTy,u;Horo 3HaqeHHH IIHJI006pa3HOrO HaIIpHJKeHHH K031jJIjJHl{HeHT 3aIIOJIHe-
HHH MeHHeTCH OT 1,0,u;0 0, a TOK B036YJK,u;eHHH reHepaTopa I B - OT CBoero MaK-
CHMaJIbHOrO 3HaqeHHH ,u;o MHHHMaJIbHoro.
TIepeKJIIOqeHHe TpaH3HcTopHoro KJIIOqa oCYIl{eCTBJIHeTCH C IIOCTOHHHOH
qaCTOTOH, OIIpe,ll;eJIHeMOH qaCTOTOH llHJIo06pa3HOrO HaIIpHJKeHHH 3a,ll;alOIl{erO
reHepaTopa IIlIfM.
JJ:JIH CHHTHH KOMMYTaIJ;HOHHbIX IIepeHanpJlJKeHHH Ha 06MOTKe B036yJK,u;e-
HHH reHepaTopa, B03HHKalOIWIx IIPH rrepeKJIIOqeHHHX TpaH3HcTopHoro KJIIOqa,
H 3aIl{HTbI nocne,u;Hero OT IIp060H Hcnonb3YeTCH ruyHTHpyroIl{HH ,lI;HO,ll; V, KOTO-
pbIH 06eCIIeqHBaeT npoxoj[()J;eHHe TOKa I B qepe3 06MOTKY B036YJK):(eHHH IIPH
pa3MbIKaHHH KJIIOqa.
I13MepHTeJIbHbIH opraH 6JIOKa aBTOMaTHKH BKJIlOqaeT H3MepHTeJIbHbIH
TpaHcljJopMaTop T, nepBHqHaH 06MOTKa I KOTOpOro BKJIIOqeHa Ha JIHHeHHOe Ha-
npJlJKeHHe pa60qeH 06MOTKH reHepaTopa. BTOpHqHaH 06MoTKa II 1jJ0pMHPYeT
CHrHaJI nOCTOHHHoro HaIIpHJKeHHH, rrpOIIOpl{HOHaJIbHbIH TeKyrueMY 3HaqeHHIO
HaIIpXJKeHHH reHepaTopa. MOMeHT IIepexo,u;a YKa3aHHOrO HaIIpHJKeHHH qepe3
HOJIb perYJIHpyeTcH C nOMOIl{blO IIOTeHIJ;HoMeTpa.
BTOPHqHaJI 06MoTKa III 1jJ0pMHpyeT CHrHaJI IIOCTOHHHoro HanpHJKeH11H,
IIpOnOpl{HOHaJIbHbIH OTHOllIeHHIO Ur1f' B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT peJKHMa pa60TbI
cxeMbI (n - IIOKa3aTeJIb CTeIIeHlf, n =1 - 2).
B036YJK,u;eHHe reHepaTopa oCYIl{eCTBJIHeTCH Y3JIOM ynpaBJIeHHH B036Y)K-
,u;eHHH (YB) 6JIOKa aBTOMaTHKH. TIpH YBeJIHqeH1111 qaCTOTbI BpaIl{eHHH reHepa-
TOp B036YJK,u;aeTCH OT HeKOToporo HaqaJIbHOrO IjJa3HOrO HarrpJlJKeHHH, OIIpe,u;e-
JIHeMOrO OCTaTOqHbIM HaMarHHqHBaHHeM MarHHTHOH l{enH.
B IIpOl{eCCe B036YJK):(eHHjf reHepaTopa, IIPH ,u;OCTHJKeHHH IjJa3HOro Ha-
npHJKeHUH (50:f:5) B H TOKa B l{eIIH B036YJK,u;eHHH 2 - 3A, 3JIeKTpoMarHHTHoe
peJIe K cpa6aTbIBaeT H OTKmoqaeT 06MOTKY B036YJK):(eHHH reHepaTopa OT ero
IjJa3HOro HarrpHJKeH11JI. AaJIbHeHruee B036YJK,u;eHHe reHepaTopa ,u;o 3a,ll;aHHOrO
3HaqeHHH HaIIpHJKeHHH oCYIl{eCTBJIHeTCH IIO l{enH: ,lI;OIIOJIHHTeJIbHaJI 06MOTKa
reHepaTopa - TpexljJa3HbIH BbIIIpHMHTeJIb - 06MoTKa B036Yj[()J;eHHH - TpaH3H-
CTOpHbIH KJIlOq. Y3eJI YIIpaBJIeHHH B036YJK,u;eHHH 06eCneqHBaeT TonbKO HaqaJIb-
HbIH MOMeHT B036YJK,u;eHHH reHepaTopa.
CIIel{HaJIbHaH BCTaBKa 06eCneqHBaeT 3aIl{HTY 06MOTKH B036YJK,u;eHHH re-
HepaTopa IIPH BbIxo,u;e H3 CTpOH JII060ro 3JIeMeHTa l{eIIH HaqaJIbHOrO B036YJK-
,lI;eHHH. Pa3B036Yj[()J;eHHe reHepaTopa ocyrueCTBJIHeTCH no eCTeCTBeHHOH
xapaKTepHcTHKe 6e3 KaKOrO-JIH60 yqaCTHH 6JIOKa aBTOMaTHKH.
, I
6.3.3. ABTOM06HJIMlble 6ecKoHTaKTHbie reHepaTopbl
MaJIO" MOIIlHOCTH
TIoKa3aTeJIbHbIM IIpHMepoM HCIIOJIb30BaH11H 6ecKoHTaKTHbIx CHHXPOH-
HbIX reHepaTopoB HBJIHeTCH CHHXpOHHbIH TpexljJa3HbIH 6eCKOHTaKTHbIH reHepa-
TOp C rrOCTOHHHbIM11 MarHHTaMH H IIapaMeTpHqeCKHM peryJIHpOBaHHeM HaIIpH-
JKeHHH, IIpHMeHHeMbIH B CHCTeMe 3JIeKTpOIIHTaHHH aBTOM06HJIbHOrO TpaHCIIOp-
Ta H TpaKTopOB. O,u;HOBpeMeHHO npOBo,u;HTCH pa60TbI no C031IaHHIO aBTOMO-
6HJIbHbIX reHepaTopOB rrepeMeHHoro TOKa C 3JIeKTpOMarHHTHbIM B036YJK):(eHH-
eM, IIpe,u;Ha3HaqeHHbIX ,lI;JIH pa60TbI IIPH llIHpOKOM ,lI;Hana30He H3MeHeH11H qac-
TOTbI BpaIl{eHHH, B TOM qHCJIe C KOM6HHHpOBaHHbIM B036Yj[()J;eHHeM [105].
Ha pHC. 6.15 IIpHBelIeH OlIHH H3 BapHaHTOB reHepaTopa <)mpMbI «Bosh».
[I
I
1 ,1
:1
i
PHC. 6.15. EecKoHTaKT-
Hblii: CUHXPOHHblii: .-eHe-
paTop MaJIoii: MOIIIHOCTH
cJJHpMbl «Boch» JIJIH aB-
TOMOOHJIbHOro TpaHc-
nopTa
:!
B pa60Te [78] OIIHcaHa KOHCTpYKl{HH no,u;06Horo reHepaTopa C YKopo-
II.
324
rnaBa 6. 5eCKOHTaKTHbie l"eHepaTopbl nepeMeHHoro
TOKa C 3neKTpOMarHMTHbiM B036y>KtleHMeM
5eCKOHTaKTHbie CI1HXpOHHble reHepaTopbl C
COBMell.leHHblMI1 o6MoTKaMM
325
IIapaMeTpbI THIIbI reHepaTOPOB
r -253 r-251
6a30BbIe 6eCKOHTaKTHbIe 6a30BbIe 6ecKoHTaKTHbIe
MOIl{HOCTb, BT 500 500 250 250
Macca,Kr 7,0 7,0 5,3 7,6
HOMHHaJIbHa»
qaCTOTa BpaIl{e-
HHH, 06/MHH 1000 1200 800 900
Macca Me.u;H, Kr 0,75 0,75 0,55 0,95
Macca CTanH, Kr 3,28 3,28 2,1 2,875
K03IjJ Hl{HeHT
HCIIOJIb30BaHHH,
BT/Kr 71 71 47 33
Ta6nHl{a 6.2
K03IjJIjJHImeHT L\JIJI 2prIIOJIIOCHoro nOJIH [84, 85, 149], H no nOJIe B IjJYHKl{HH
IIpocTpaHcTBeHHoH KOOp,ll;HHaTbI H3MeH»eTCH no CHnyCOH,u;aJIbHOMY 3aKoHY. B
TaKoH cxeMe O.u;HY «3Be3.u;y» 06Pa3YIOT KaTyrueqHbIe rpYIIIIbI .u;BYX 1jJa3, C03-
.u;aIOIl{He HeqeTHble napbI IIonIOCOB, H KaryUleqHble rpYIIIIbI TpeTbeH ljJa3bI, C03-
.u;aIOIIIHe qeTHble IIapbI IIOJIIOCOB, a BTOpyIO «3Be3.u;y» COCTaBJIHIOT OCTaJIbHbIe
KaTYUleqHbIe rpYIIIIbI. Oc06eHHoCTbIO BbIIIOnHeHH5I cOBMeIIIeHHoH 06MOTKH B
.u;aHHOM cnY'Iae »BJIHeTCH YKJIa,ll;Ka JI060BbIX qaCTeH O,ll;HOH 1f3 1jJa3 B HaIIpaBJIe-
H11H, 06paTHoM HarrpaBneHHIO YKJIa,ll;KH JI060BbIX qaCTeH .u;BYX OCTanbHbIX 1jJa3,
a 06pa30BaHHbIe .u;BYMH «3Be3.u;aMH» 06MOTKI1 .u;Be HYJIeBble TOqKH cnyJKaT )l;JIH.
IIo.u;Bo.u;a TOKa B036Yj[()J;eHmr.
OIIbITHbIH KaCKa,ll;HbIH CHHXpOHHbIH reHepaTop OIIHcaHHoro THna C co-
BMeIIIeHHbIMH 06MOTKaM11 IfCCJIe.u;OBaH Ha KaljJe.u;pe 3HepreTHK11 H 3JIeKTpOTex-
HHKH Hal{HOHaJIbHOrO a3pOKOCMH'IeCKOrO YHHBepCHTeTa HM. H.E. )KYKoBcKoro
«XAIf». Em 06IWIH BH,u; npe.u;cTaBJIeH Ha pHC. 6.16, a, ero 1jJ0TO - Ha
pHC. 6.16, 6, a cxeMa 06MOTKH - Ha pHC. 6.17.
CTaTop BbIIIOJIHeH Ha 6a3e aCHHxpoHHoro .u;BHraTeJIH AMP - 90 C qHCnOM
567
10 II
qeHHbIMH KJIIOBaMM H 6e3 BHeUlHero MarHHTOIIpOBo.u;a, B KOTOpOH 06MOTKa
B036YJK):(eHHH KpeIIHTCJI Ha CTaJIbHOH BTYJIKe, HMeIOIl{eH BHeUlHHH KapKac. B
Ta6JI. 6.2. IIpHBe,ll;eHbI CpaBHHTenbHbIe xapaKTepHCTHKH .u;BYX THnOB reHepaTo-
pOB - 6a30BOrO C KOHTaKTHbIMH KonbuaMH H 6ecKoHTaKTHoro C caMoB036Y)j(.u;e-
HHeM.
113 Ta6JI. 6.2 cne.u;YeT, qTO y.u;enbHbIH K031jJIjJHl{HeHT HCIIOJIb30BaHHH
3neKTpHqeCKHX reHepaTopoB C KOHTaKTHbIMH KOnbl{aMH IIPH MOIl{HOCTH 250 BT
Ha 35 - 40% BbIUle, qeM B 6ecKoHTaKTHoM HCIIonHeHHH, qTO KOMneHcHpYeTCH,
O,ll;HaKO, 60nee BbICOKOH Ha,ll;eJKHOCTbIO H 1I0JIrOBeqHOCTbIO IIocne.u;HHX.
6.4. EecKoHTaKTHbIe CUHxpoHHbIe reHepaTopbI
C COBMe eHHbIMU o6MoTKaMu
6.4.1. UpHHl\Hn nocTpoeHHH ECr C COBMelIJ;eHHblMH o6MoTKaMH
a
.
f,.'.\ '
II
B 6ecKoHTaKTHoM KaCKa,ll;HOM CHHXpOHHOM reHepaTope HKopHaH 06MoTKa
H 06MOTKa B036Y)j(.u;eHHH, HMeIOlliHe pa3HOe qHCnO IIonIOCOB, paCIIOnOJKeHbI Ha
cTaTope H OTHOCHTeJIbHO ,lI;Pyr .I\Pyra HeIIo.u;BHJKHbI, a ItfH.u;YKTHBHaH CBH3b MeJK-
P;y 06eHMH 06MoTKaMH oCYIl{eCTBJIHeTCH qepe3 KopOTK03aMKHYTyro POTOPHYIO
06MOTKY. TIpH 3TOM Ha3BaHHbIe 06MOTKH - HKopHaH H B036Yj[()J;eHHH - MorYT
6bITb COBMeIl{eHbI TaKJKe B O,ll;HY 06IIIYIO 06MOTKY, qTO YIIpOIl{aeT H3rOTOBne-
HHe, CHHJKaeT pacxoll 06MOTOqHbIX IIpOBO.u;OB H IIOBbIUlaeT KTIA reHepaTopa.
TIpHHl{HII COBMeIl{emr:H 06MOTOK H MarHHTHbIX noneH reHepaTopa H B036y.u;H-
TeJIH B O)J;HOM MarHHToIIpOBO,ll;e II03BOJIHeT IIOJIyqHTb aBToHoMHYIO MaruHHY.
COBMeIl{eHHa» 2PI/2P2-IIOJIIOCHa» 06MoTKa (2pI - 'IHCllO IIonIOCOB Mar-
HHTHoro IIOJIH, C03.u;aHHoro TpexljJa3HbIM IIepeMeHHbIM TOKOM, 2P2 - qHCnO IIO-
JIIOCOB nonH, C03,l1;aHHOrO TOKOM B036Yj[()J;eHHH) HMeeT BbICOKHH 06MOTOqHbIH
Pnc. 6.16. OnbITHblM
KacKalIHbTM cr Ha ::;,
6a3e AA CCp11H
AIIP-90 :'"
i
I')
h
\,,-
,
_';' J . ). I
;'. I):
'i .:::1
,:: . -
-
6
I
326
5eCKOHTaKTHbie CMHXpOHHble .-eHepaTOpbl C
COBMe eHHbIMIII 06MOTK3MIII
327
rnaBa 6. 5ecKoHTaKTHbie reHepaTopbl nepeMeHHoro
TOKa C 3neKTpOMa.-HMTHbIM B036Y>KAeHMeM
na30B ZI= 48. Ha cTaTope HMeeTCH TpexljJa3HaJI 06MoTKa C qHCnOM nOJIIOCOB
2PI H O,u;HoljJa3HaH 06MOTKa B036Y,lI;HTenH C qHCJIOM IIonIOCOB 2pz. COBMeIl{eHHe
,u;BYX 06MOTOK - HKOpHOH H Bo36Y,ll;11Teml - B 0,u;H)' 06pa3yeT TpexljJa3HO-
O,u;HOIjJa3HYIO 06MOTKY (CM. pHC. 6.17).
u?
II!
II
(,
'I
J l
+
PRC. 6.17. OOIIIaH cxeMa COBMe-
IIIeHHoii OOMOTKR OnbITHO.-O cr
H8 oa3e A)( AHP-90
TIo IIPHIDITOMY IIpaBHJIY B COBMe-
ll:}eHHOH TpexljJa3Ho-0,u;HoljJa3HOH 06MOTKe
qHCna IIap IIonIOCOB pz H PI ,lI;OnJKHbI Haxo-
,u;HTbCH B COOTHomeHHH 0,5pI< pz <1,5pl.
COBMeIl{eHHaJI 06MOTKa ,lI;nH COOT-
HOllIeHHH 2pI= 8 H 2pz = 12 (pz = 1,5PI) H
ql = 0,5 IIOKa3aHa Ha pHC. 6.18. OHa BbI-
IIOJIHeHa C 3y6l{OBbIM maroM y = (2/3}t Ha
MarnHTOIIpOBo,u;e C qHCJIOM 3y6l{OB ZI =
=2pz= 12.
KaJK,lI;aJI ljJa3a co,u;epJKHT PI = 4 Ka-
TyruKH H COCTOHT H3 llBYX I1JIH PI IIapaJI-
nenbHbIX BeTBeH, 06'be,ll;HHeHHbIx B ,u;Be
O,ll;, IIpHqeM B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT IIOJIJlpHOCTH IIomoca ,lI;HO,u; BKnlOqaIOT Mej[()J;y
HaqanOM H KOHQOM KaTyruKH COrJIaCHO HnH BCTpeqHo.
B OT,u;enbHO B3HTbIX KaryruKax pOTopa HaBo,u;HTCH 3JJ:C 2pz-IIonIOcHbIM
noneM B036Y,ll;HTeJIH. Ha pHC. 6.19, 6 IIOKa3aHO ,u;Ba 2pz - IIonlOCHbIX IIomI, C03-
,u;aHHbIX 06MOTKaMH B036YJKlleHHH B036y,u;HTeneH, paCIIOnOJKeHHbIX Ha cTaTOpe,
2pz = 4 H 2pz = 12. qHCJIO IIOJIIOCOB pOTopa paBHo qHCJIY 3y6l{OB pOTopa, 2pI =
Zz=8.
PRC. 6.19.
BOCbMRnOJllOCH8H
OOMOTKa
RH
a
6
PRC. 6.18. COBMeIIIeHH8H
CT8TopHaH TpexcJJa3Ho-
OJIHocJIa3HaH OOMOTK8
TaK KaK B 2pl-nOJIIOCHOH 06MoTKe pOTopa Kaj[()J;bIe O-H H (0 + 4)-H Ka-
TyruKH C03,u;aIOT nonlOca o,u;HHaKoBoH IIOJIJlpHOCTH H HaBo,u;HMbIe B HHX 3JJ:C OT
IIonH B036y,u;11TeJIH, HMelOIl{ero 2pz = 4 HJIH 2pz = 12 (CM. pHC. 6.19, 6), COBIIa-
,u;aIOT no ljJa3e, 3TH KaTymKH B l{eJIHX 3KOHOMHH ,u;HO,u;OB MOJKHO IIOIIapHO 06'be-
)l;HHHTb, BKJIIOqHB HX MeJKp;y C060H cornaCHO.
6.4.2. Pe3YJIbTaTbi HcnblTaHHH OnblTHOrO ECr
Ha 6a3e A,n: cepHH AHP-90
" B C
TpexljJa3HbIe 3Be3,l1;bI C ,lI;BYMH HYJIeBbIMH TOqKaMH, a OHH, B CBOIO Oqepe,ll;b, 06-
pa30BaHbI nYTeM COe,ll;HHeHHH B O,u;HOH TOqKe HeqeTHbIX IIapanneJIbHbIX BeTBeH
KpaHHHx ,lI;BYX ljJa3 H KOHl{OB qeTHbIX IIapanJIenbHbIx BemeH cpe,u;HeH a3bI, B
,lI;pyroH TOqKe - KOHl{OB OCTaJIbHbIX rrapaJIneJIbHbIX BeTBeH.
TIpH ,u;BYX rrapaJIJIeJIbHbIX BeTBHX B ljJa3e He'IeTHYIO IIapanneJIbH)'1O BeTBb
06pa3YlOT HeqeTHbIe KaTyruKH 0 H 0 + 6, qeTHYIO napanneJIbHYIO BeTBb - 'IeT-
HbIe KaTyruKH 0 + 3 H 0 + 9, r,u;e 0 - HOMep KaTyruKH, C KoropOH HaqHHaeTCH ljJa-
3a. HYJIeBbIe TOqKH HBJIHIOTCH 3KBHIIOTeHIJ;HaJIbHbIMH OTHOCHTeJIbHO TpexljJa3-
HbIX 3aJKHMOB. TIpH nHTaHHH HYJIeBbIX TOqeK TOKOM Bo36YJKlleHHH, rrOKa3aH-
HbIM Ha pHC. 6. 17 CTpenKaMH B KaryruKax, C03,l1;aeTCH HeIIo,u;BHJKHOe B IIpO-
CTpaHCTBe none B036Y,ll;HTeJIH C qHCJIOM IIonIOCOB 2pz = 12.
Ha pHC. 6.19, a IIOKa3aHa 06MOTKa pOTopa, HMelOIl{aH qHCJIO IIonlOCOB
2pI = 8, Ha pHC. 6.19, 6 nOKa3aHO rrOJIe B036YJKlleHHH pOTopa C qHCnOM IIOJIlO-
COB 2pI = 8 H IIone B036Y,ll;HTeJIH, HMeIOIl{ee 2pz = 12.
06MOTKa poropa (CM. pHC. 6.19, a) COCTOHT H3 OT,u;enbHbIX rronlOCHbIX
KaryrueK, Kaj[()J;aJI H3 KOTOpbIX OXBaTbIBaIOeT CBOH nonlOc H 3aMKHYTa qepe3 ,u;H-
I
I
XapaKTepHOH oc06eHHocTbIO COBMeIl{eHHOH cTaTopHoH 06MOTKH, IIOKa-
3aHHoH Ha pHC. 6.17, HBnHeTCH HaJIHqHe lIBYX HyneBbIx TOqeK, K KOTOpbIM IIO,u;-
BO,u;HTCH IIOCTOHHHbIH TOK B036Yj[()J;eHHH.
Ha CTaTOpe OIIbITHoro aCHHXpoHHoro ,u;BHraTeJIH AI1P-90 ynOJKeHa IIO-
,u;06HaH COBMeIl{eHHaH O,ll;HOCnOHHaH 06MoTKa C qHCllOM BHTKOB B IIa3Y W I = 90,
llHaMeTp rrpoBolla d np = 0,5/0,56 MM, qHCnO IIapannenbHbIx BeTBeH a = 2, mar
06MOTKH y = 1- 4.
POTOp HMeeT Zz = 2PI = 16 H, COOTBeTCTBeHHO, 16 KaTyrueK. 06MOTKa
BbIIIonHeHa C 3y6l{OBbIM marOM, T.e. KaJK,lI;aH KarymKa OXBaTbIBaeT CBOH 3y6el{,
a Kaj[()J;aH ljJa3HaJi. 06MoTKa COCTOHT H3 qeTbIpex IIocne,u;OBaTeJIbHO H cornaCHO
BKJIlOqeHHbIX KaTymeK H qeTblpex BpaIl{alOIl{HXCH ,u;HO,u;OB Ha TOK 3 A H HaIIpH-
JKeHHe 220 B. B Kaj[()J;oH IIape Qa30B YJIOJKeHa ,lI;BYXCJIOHHaJI 06MOTKa C qHCJIOM
BHTKOB WZ = 380, a qHCJIO BHTKOB B CeKl{HH We = 190. JJ:HO)J;bI BKnlOqeHbI co-
rJIaCHO HJIH BCTpeqHO, KaK ::no IIOKa3aHO Ha cxeMe pnc. 6.19, a.
328
rnaBa 6. 5eCKOHTaKTHbie reHepaTopbl nepeMeHHoro
TOKa C 3neKTpOMarHMTHbiM B036Y>K,C\eHMeM
5eCKOHTaKTHbie CI1HXpOHHble reHepaTopbl C
COBMe eHHbIMM o6MoTKaMM
329
Pe3YJIbTaTbI HCnbITaHHH 3Toro re-
HepaTopa C cOBMeIl{eHHbIMH Tpex a3Ho-
OlIH O IjJa3HbIM11 O.u;HOcnOHHbIMH 06MOTKa-
MH cTaTopa C qHCJIOM rIOmOCOB 2P2 = 16
H 2PI = 8 11 OIIHcaHHbIMH BbllIIe 06MOT-
KaMH pOTopa IIOKa3aHbI Ha pHC. 6.20 11
6.21.
KaK B11,l1;HO, reHepaTopbI .u;aHHoro
THIIa MorYT pa60TaTb B KaqeCTBe aBTO-
HOMHbIX HCTOqHHKOB 3JIeKTp03HeprHH, B
TOM qHCne B B3Y; IIPH HaIIpHJKeHHH B03-
6YJK.u;eHHH VB = 21 B, TOKe B036YJK.u;eH11H
[B = 2,3 A H q11CJIe 060pOTOB n =
=600 06/MHH Ha BbIxo.u;e reHepaTopa no-
JIY'IeHO HanpHJKeHHe VIjJ = 110 B Ha xo-
JIOCTOM xo.u;y H 76 B - npH HarpY3Ke, IIPH 3TOM MOIl{HOCTb Ha BbIxo.u;e reHepa-
Topa COCTaBJIHeT 320 BT.
B
120
'1111
III
B V..
120
100
80
60
40
! I
20
o
3
4
5
6
POCo 6.20. XapaKTepocTHKl1
XOJIOCTOro XOJIa ECr AHP-90
VI' r- !-
- k b I. 8
t--
r- '--.. '" li
- 1---
r--- r--- r---.... 1.-7
I- t--- f"--.-r--... 1;;=6
........ '-., 1.=5
-.... --- '-.,
""" '"
r--- \ "-
'" 1.=3 1.=4
I B =2
'\.
1.=1 I R
100
80
60
40
20
I'
I!, I
I
1 :111
I'
III
o
0,3
0,6
0,9
1,2 A
a
6.4.3. PerYJIHTOp HanpHJKeHHH HH3KOo6opoTHoro
HH)I;YKTopHororeHepaTopa
JJ:JIH 06eCneqeHHH IIOCTOHHCTBa HaIIpHJKeHHH Ha 3aJKHMaX pa3HOHMeHHo-
IIOJIIOCHOrO HH3K0060poTHoro HH,lI;YKTopHoro reHepaTopa BeTpocTaHl{HH MOIl{-
HOCTblO ,lI;O 1 KBT H HanpHJKeHHeM 220 B C He06xo.u;HMOH TOqHOCTbIO Ha Ka-
ljJe.u;pe 3HepreTHKH H 3JIeKTpOTexHHKH XAIf pa3pa6OTaH HMIIYJIbCHbIH aBTOMa-
THqeCKHH perYJIHTOp B036Yj[()J;eHHH. CTPyi<TypHaH cxeMa peryJIHTOpa, BbIIIOJI-
HeHHaH Ha 6a3e IIOJIYIIPOBO.u;HHKOBbIX 3JIeMeHTOB, IIpe,ll;CTaBJIeHa Ha pHC. 6.23 H
co.u;epJK11T CHrHaJIH3aTOp qaCTOTbI BpaIl{eHHH CqB (B cxeMe cpaBHeHHH CC),
npep;ynpej[()J;alOIl{11H pa3B036YJK.u;eHHe reHepaTopa npH CHHJKeHHH CKOpOCTH
BpaIIIeHHH BeTpoycTaHoBKH HHJKe .u;onYCTHMOrO ypOBHH, YCHJIHTenb IIOCTOHH-
Horo HanpJIJKeHmI YIIH, reHepaTopbI TaKTOBbIX HMIIYJIbCOB rrn, KOMnapaTo-
pbI K, H3MepHTeJIbHOe cpaBHHBalOIl{ee YCTPOHCTBO, 6JIOK llIHpOTHO-
HMIIYJIbCHOH MO.u;YJIHQHH, 6JIOK 3aIl{HTbI OT rIeperpY3KH E3, OIITHqeCKHe pa3-
BJI3KH H wyrHe 3JIeMeHTbI.
B KaqeCTBe KOMIIapaTopa HCIIOJIb30BaHbI THpJlCTOpbI, 06na,ll;alOIl{He
60JIblliOH Ha,ll;eJKHOCTblO, MaJIbIMH ra6apHTaMH H BbICOKHM 6bICTpo.u;eHCTBHeM.
A I.
Ha pHC. 6.22 IIpe,ll;CTaBJIeHa
9nbITHaJI BepT11KanbHO-OCeBaJI B3Y
ManOH MOIIIHOCTH C JIOIIaCTHMH TH-
IIa «JJ:apbe» H C onHcaHHbIM BbIrue
6eCKOHTaKTHbIM CHHXpOHHbIM re-
HepaTopoM, YCIIeruHo HCnbITaHHaH
Ha rrOJIHrOHe XAIf B TeqeHHe 60JIee
o.u;Horo ro.u;a.
AHaJIH3 pe3YJIbTaTOB paCqeTa
1:1 3KcnepHMeHTaJIbHbIX .u;aHHbIX cr
Ha 6a3e AA AIfP-90 IIOKa3aJI xo-
pOrnylO HX CXOllHMOCTb, a OIIbITHaH
3KCnJIyaTaQHH - BbICOKyro Ha,ll;eJK-
HOCTb reHepaTopa, '-!TO .u;aeT OCHO-
BaHHH peKoMeH.u;oBaTb IIpoeKTHpo-
BaHHe cepHH 6eCKOHTaKTHbIX reHe-
paTopOB MaJIOH MOIl{HOCTH C co-
BMeIIIeHHbIMH 06MOTKaMH CTaTopa
H pOTOpOM C BpaIl{aIOIl{HMHCH .u;HO-
.u;aMH C HCIIOJIb30BaHHeM OCHOBHbIX
Y3JIOB XOpOlliO OTpa60TaHHoH B
npOMbIIIIJIeHHOCTH TeXHOJIOrH11
IIpOH3Bo.u;CTBa aCHHXpoHHbIX .u;BHra-
TeJIeH.
6.6
5.4
4,2
3,0
1.8 In
o 0,15 0,3 0,45 0,6 0,75 0.9 \,05 1,2 A
6
POCo 6.21. BHeruHHe (a) 0 peryJIHpO-
BO'lHble (6) xapaKTepocToKO cr Ha
6a3e AIfP-90
TIHTaHHe Ha 06MOTKY B036Yj[()J;eHHH nocTYIIaeT H3 CeT11 qepe3 BbmpHM11-
TeJIH. B03MOJKHO TaKJKe B KaqeCTBe HCTOqHHKa n11TaHHH HCnOJIb30BaTb aKKYMY-
JIHTOp H B 3TOM cJIyqae llJIH 06eCneqeHHH BbIllieYKa3aHHbIX napaMeTpoB He06-
XO,ll;HMbI .u;Ba aKKYMYJIHTOpa C HanpHJKeHHeM 12 B Kaj[()J;bIH.
I I
l) \
\
,
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j. ."
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. . '1:. :!>... '-;t,
'<
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2....<
POCo 6.22. OnbITHaH BepTUKaJIbHO-
oceBaH B3Y
I
II
I 1II
III
"1111
I!
Ii
1 11 1
Iii
II
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330
rnaBa 6. 5eCKOHTaKTHbie reHepaTopbl nepeMeHHoro
'TOKa C 3neKTpOMarH 1THblM B036YJKAeHM9M
5eCKOHTaKTHbie CMHXpoHHble reHepaTopbl C
COBMe eHHbIMM o6MoTKaMM
331
CHCTeMa peryJIHpOBaHHH ,u;OJIJKHa 06eCIIeqHBaTb xapaKTepHcTHKY, IIOKa-
3aHHyro B OTHOCHTeJIbHbIX e,ll;HHHl{aX Ha pHC. 6.24, IIPH 3TOM ,u;HaIIa30H H3MeHe-
HHH HanpHJKeHHH IIPH H3MeHeHHH HarpY3KH COCTaBJIHeT LlU = 20.. .60%. KaK
BH,u;HO, IIOJIHaH cTa6HJIH3aU;HH HarrpHJKeHHH reHepaTopa ,lI;OCTHraeTCH IIpI1 qac-
TOTaX BpaIl{eHHH, 6nH3KHX K HOMHHaJIbHOH.
Tpe6yeMaH TOqHOCTb perynHpoBaHHH B03MOJKHa, eCJIH TOK B036YJK,lI;eHHH
I B IIPH XOJIOCTOM xo,u;e reHepaTopa 06YCJIOBJIeH TonbKO HHP;YKTHBHbIM COIIpO-
THBneHHeM 06MOTKH B036Yj[()J;eHHH XL = wL, TO eCTb
I B = Url XL = Url wL, (6.16)
r,ll;e L - HH,u;YKTHBHOCTb 06MOTKH B036Y)K,u;eHHH; w = 2nf - yrnOBaJI qaCTOTa.
Ha pHC. 6.20 IIOKa3aHbI xapaKTepHcTHKH XOJIOCTOro xo,u;a reHepaTopa H
BOJIbT-aMnepHbIe xapaKTepHcTHKH l{eIIH B036Yj[()J;eHHH npH Pa3JIHqHbIX qaCTO-
TaX. C Y'IeTOM IIpOIIOpl{HOHaJIbHOH 3aBHCHMOCTH qaCTOTbI H yrnoBoH CI<OpOCTH
f - Q H3 cOOTHorueHHH (6.15) H (6.16) MOJKHO 3aIIHCaTb
I B = k3 I L = coost, (6.17)
OTKy,u;a CJIe,u;yeT, 'ITO ,u;aHHa51 CHCTeMa 06eCIIeqHBaeT B036YJK,u;eHMe reHepaTopa
B IIpe,u;eJIax JIHHH11 HaIIpHJKeHHH, IIpHMO npOIIOpl{HOHaJIbHOrO CKOpOCTH BpaIl{e-
HHH, T.e. ,u;JIH IIOKa3aTeJIH CTeIIeHH 0 = 1 B 3aBHCHMOCTHX Ha pHC. 6.24. AHaJIO-
rnqHaH 3aKoHoMepHocTb HMeeT MeCTO H IIPH HarpY3Ke reHepaTopa, IIOCKOJIbKY
CHCTeMa perynHpoBaHHH B036YJK,u;eHHH 06eCIIeqHBaeT CMeIl{eHHe BonbT-
aMIIepHbIx xapaKTepHCTHK l{eIIH B036YJK,u;eHHH IIpOIIOpl{HOHaJIbHO CMeIl{eHHIO
3aBH:CHMOCTH HaIIpHJKeHHH reHepaTopa OT TOKa B036Yj[()J;eHHH (CM. pHc.6.20).
3aKoHbI perYJIHpOBaHHH Ha-
IIpHJKeHHH ,lI;JIH IIOKa3aTeJIH CTeIIe-
HH n > 1 06eCIIeqHBaIOTCH nYTeM
BBe,ll;eHHH B CHCTeMY B036Yj[()J;eHHH
KoppeKTopa (reHepaTopa TaKTOBbIX
HMIIYJIbCOB). TaKoH KoppeKTop,
06JIa,ll;aH ,lI;OCTaTOqHO MaJIOH 3JIeK-
TpoMarHHTHoH HHepl{HeH, 06ecne-
qHBaeT 31jJIjJeKTH:BHOe ,lI;eHCTBHe
peryJIHTOpa He TOJIbKO IIPH Me)l;-
JIeHHbIX H3MeHeHHJlX HanpHJKeHHH
reHepaTOpa B IIpe,ll;eJIaX LlU, HO
TaKJKe Ii npH H3MeHeHHH IIpOH3-
BO,u;HOH dU/dt. ECJIH, HarrpHMep,
HaIIpHJKeHHe reHepaTopa IIO,u; ,u;eHCTBHeM KaKHX-JIH60 IIPHqHH 6bICTpO IIa,ll;aeT
(a6COJIIOTHOe 3HaqeHHe dV/dt B03paCTaeT), peryJIHTOp, a HMeHHO - reHepaTOp
TaKTOBbIX HMnYJIbCOB, HeMe,ll;JIeHHO YBeJIHqHBaeT nmpHHY HMIIynbcoB H ,u;aeT
CHrHaJI Ha YBeJIHqeH11e TOKa B036YJK):\eH1151, 06paTHO nponOPQHOHaJIbHOrO Be-
JIHqHHe CHHJKeHHH HaIIpHJKeHHH reHepaTopa. L{aHHaH CHCTeMa n03BOJIHeT C IIO-
EJIOK III;ITaHHH BbIpa6aTbIBaeT ,u;Ba HaIIpHJKeHHH: +15 B - ,u;JIH IIHTaHHH
cxeMbI YIIpaBJIeH11H H +150 B - ,lI;JIH IIHTaHHH 06MOTKH B036YJK):\eHHH. AaHHaH
cxeMa 06eCIIeq11BaeT perYJIHpOBaHHe HaIIpHJKeHHH Ha 3a)KHMaX reHepaT,opa KaK
IIPH H3MeHeHHH HarpY3KH, TaK H IIPH H3MeHeHH11 CKOpOCTH BpaIl{eHHH H, TaKHM
06Pa30M, 06eCIIeqHBaeT OnTHMaJIbHOe COBMellIeHHe xapaKTep11CTHK reHepaTopa
H HarpY3KH.
PUC. 6.23. PeryJlHTOp HanpH eHuH ECr AIfP-90: CC - CXeMa COZJlUC06a-
HUH; rTH - zellepamop ma«m06blX UMnYJlbC06; l/J - t/JllJ/bmp; K - «OMnapamop;
YH - ycmpoiicm60 uHou«al(uu; YIlT - YCUJlUme.nb nocmOHIlIIOZO mo«a; YM -
YClL umeilb MOU(Hocmu; E3 - 6J1o« 3aU(umbl; OB - o6Mom«a 6036Y:IlCOeIlUR
Pa60qaH 06MOTKa cTaTopa BKJIlOqeHa qepe3 CHrHaJIH3aTOp qaCTOTbI Bpa-
Il{eHHH H O,ll;HOBpeMeHHo BKJIIOqeHa qepe3 BbIIIpHMHTenb, KOTOpbIH IIHTaeT cxe-
MY YCHJI11TeJIH IIOCTOHHHOrO HanpHJKeHHH. 06MOTKa B036YJK,u;eHHH IIOJIyqaeT
IIHTaHHe OT BbIIIpHMHTeJIH H BKJIIOqeHa qepe3 KOH,u;eHCaTOpbI IjJHJIbTpa Ii ,u;HO,u;
,u;mJ YIIpaBJIeHHH IIOJIOJKHTeJIbHbIM TOKOM B036YJKlIeH11H. B neIIH 06MOTKH B03-
6Yj[()J;eHHH BKJIIOQeHbI MOIl{HbIe TpaH3HCTOpbI, a HX IIepeKJIIOQeHHe npOH3BO-
,u;11TCH C IIOMOIl{blO KOMIIapaTopa.
IfCIIbITaHHH OIIHcaHHOH cxeMbI C11CTeMbI perYJIHpOBaH11H H CTa6HJIH3a-
QHH HanpHJKeHHH IIpOBO,ll;HJIHCb Ha ,lI;eHCTBYIOIl{H:X 06pa3l{ax reHepaTOpOB. IIpH
HCnbITaHHHX reHepaTOp YCTaHaBJIHBaJICH Ha 6aJIaHCHpHOM CTeH,u;e THIIa
EDS541, II03BOJIHIOIl{eM H3MeHHTb CKOpOCTb BpaIl{eHHH reHepaTopa B ruHpOKHX
IIpe,ll;eJIax. B KaQeCTBe OCHOBHOH HarpY3KH 6bIJI IIpHMeHeH KopOTK03aMKHYTbIH
aCHHxpOHHbIH ,u;BHraTeJIb cepHH AIfP-80 MOIII,HOCTblO 500 BT, B KaQeCTBe ,u;o-
IIOJIHHTeJIbHOH HarpY3KH HCIIOJIb30BaJIHCb TpexljJa3HbIe peoCTaTbI.
3aBHcHMoCTb HaIIpHJKeHHH U r ,lI;aHHOrO reHepaTopa OT QaCTOTbI f H yrJIo-
BOH CKOpOCTH BpaIT(eHHH Q oIIpe,u;eJIHeTCH 3aBHCHMOCTHMH
V z = k 1 / (6.14)
H
U z =k 2 Q,
(6.15)
r.n;e k j If k2 - K034>4>UQueHTbI nponOPQHOHaJlbHOCTU; n - nOK33aTeJlb CTerreHI1,
BbI6HpaeMbIH B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT xapaKTepa HarpY3KH B IIpe,u;enax OT 1 ,u;o 2.
1,0
U
V H
0,8
0,4
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f
r;;
004
,
0,6
0,8
1,0
PHC. 6.24. Xap8lnepHCTHKU peryJlHpOBaHuH
B036Y1K!IeHHH peryJlHTOpa XAH
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II,!!
II Ii
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II
III
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11:11,
332
rnaBa 6. 5eCKOHTaKTHbie reHepaTopbl nepeMeHHoro
TOKa C 3neKTpOMarHMTHbiM B036Y>KAeHl1eM
5eCKOHTaKTHbie CMHXpoHHble reHepaTopbl C
cOBMe eHHbIMM o6MoTKaMM
333
MOIl{blO TOJIbKO o,u;Horo THpHcTopa lIOJIyqHTb 60JIee qeM 50-npOl{eHTHYIO KOp-
peKl{HIO HanpHJKeHHH.
OKOHqaHHe Ta6JI. 6.3
6.4.4. AaHHble paCqeTa cr C COBMeru;eHHblMH o6MoTKaMH Ha cTa;ope
THII HCXOlIHOro AA AIf1Oo-L2 AI1132-M8 4AH160-M18
IfH,u;vKl{11H B 3a30pe Bo, TJI 0,56 0,56 0,37
MAC B036Y)K,u;eH11H FBI. A 2112 765 585
06MOTKa pOTopa W Kp 294 144 150
d/d m ,MM 0,4/0,475 0,6/0,66 0,71/0,78
1'4>2, OM 34,3 48,4 12,6
X2,OM 21,0 14,35 12,14
3AC EdJ2, B 235 194 112
TOK Iz,A 2,9 4,15 3,19
MAC FBD,A 1705 1190 957
CYMMaDHbIe nOTepH I:L'lp, BT 507 528 447
KII)); 1'], % 66,0 77,5 87,0
OlIHcaHHbIH BbIllie OlIbITHbIH Ecr, BbIIIOJIHeHHbIH Ha 6a3e A)J, AI1P-90,
paCCqHTaH lIO pa3pa6OTaHHoH B XAIf MeTo,u;HKe paCqeTa MarHHTHOH l{enH, lIa-
paMeTpOB u xapaKTepHcTHK no,u;06HbIX reHepaTopoB. IIoJIyqeHo ,u;OCTaTOqHO
y,u;oBJIeTBOpHTeJIbHOe COBna,ll;eHHe pe3YJIbTaTOB paC'IeTa H 3KcnepHMeHTaJIbHbIX
HCCJIe,ll;OBaHHH.
HHJKe lIpHBe,u;eHbI pe3YJIbTaTbI paCqeTa Tpex THXOXO,u;HbIX Ecr MaJIOH
MOIl{HOCTH C HCnOJIb30BaHHeM MarHHTHOH l{elIH aCHHXpoHHbIX ,u;BHraTeJIeH ce-
pHH AIf, KOTopbIe MorYT 6bITb peKoMeH,u;oBaHbI ,u;JIH lIpHMeHeH11H B aBTOHOM-
HbIX B3Y (Ta6JI. 6.3).
Ta6JIHl{a 6 3
THII Hcxo,u;Horo A)J, AHI00-L2 AIf132-M8 4AIf160-MI8
qacToTa BpaIl{eHHSI n, 750 375 375
06/MHH
qHCJIO lIap lIOJIIOCOB, p 4 8 8
MOIl{HOCTb PH,KBT 1,0 2,0 3,0
HalIpHJKeHHe UH,B 220 220 220
qacTOTa f, rQ 50 50 50
K03<pc!ml{HeHT MOIl{HOCTH COS<D H 0,8 0,9 0,8
AHaMeTp CTaTOpa Da,MM 168 240 240
Dj,MM 89 170 150
AKTHBHaH ,u;JIHHa Lj,MM 136 180 170
B03,u;YlliHbIH 3a30D O,MM 0,35 0,4 0,4
qHCJIO lIa30B ZI 24 48 48
Z2 8 16 16
IIapaMeTpbI ljJa3bI r), OM 2,36 1,59 4,31
qHCJIO BHTKOB WI L96 192 400
06MOTOQHbIH K031jJ1jJ11l{HeHT Ko61 0,707 0,707 0,707
06MOTOQHbIH lIpOBO,u; d/d H3 ,MM 0,9/0,97 1,18/1,26 1,0/1,08
XI. OM 4,3 2,15 11,6
qi 1,0 1,0 1,0
ko 1,18 1,19 1,29
Pa60qHH TOK CTaTOpa II. A 3,29 4,32 5,43
TOK B036YJK.!I:eHHH IB,A 5,08 3,76 1,38
6.4.5. ABTOHOMHbIH cr OJIeCcKoro HTY
AHaJIOrHQHO olIHcaHHoMY BbIrue Ecr AIfP-90 BbIIIOJIHeH reHepaTop TH-
lIa Acr, pa3pa6OTaHHbIH Ha KaljJe,ll;pe 3JIeKTpHQeCKHX MaruHH O,u;eccKoro Ha-
l{HOHaJIbHOrO TeXHHqeCKOrO YHHBepcHTeTa [56]. B 3TOM reHepaTope 6a30BbIM
lIPHHHT cepHHHbIH aCHHxpoHHbIH ,u;BHraTeJIb AHPYI12-M2, B lIa3bI KOToporo
YJIOJKeHbI 06MOTKH HKOpH H B036y,u;HTeJIH. 5£KopHaH 06MOTKa reHepaTopa (5£Or)
BbIIIOJIHeHa ,u;BYXCJIOHHOH, a pa3,u;eJIbHbIe pOTopHbIe 06MOTKH H 06MoTKa B03-
6Yj[()J;eH11H B036y,u;HTeJIH (OBB) O,ll;HOCJIOHHbIMH. KaK H B lIpe.!l:bI,u;YIl{eM lIpHMe-
pe, ,u;OCTOHHCTBOM TaKoro cr HBllHeTCJf HeH3MeHHOCTb KOHCTPYKQHH Mar HTo-
rrpoBo,u;a 6a30BOH MalliHHbI H B03MOJKHOCTb HClIOJIb30BaHHH oTpa60TaHHOH Tex-
HOJIOrHH H3rOTOBJIeHHH A)J,.
IIpHHl{HlIHaJIbHaH cxeMa COBMeIl{eHHoro cr lIpe,u;cTaBJIeHa Ha pHC. 6.25.
Ha cTaTope HMeeTCH ,u;Be 06MOTKH 5ior
- 5£Or H OBB. Ha pOTope 06MoTKa B03- BB
6Yj[()J;eHHH reHepaTOpa (OBr), HKopHaH
o6MoTKa B036Y.I1.HTen51 (HOB) If Bpa- go APB
H,awU\HHcH ..mpH"'''''''''. .. '"
IIpH lIO,ll;aQe lIOCTOHHHOro Ha- =
lIpHJKeHHH Ha OBB, B pOTope Ha 5£OB OBr
B03HHKaeT nepeMeHHoe HalIpHJKeHHe,
KOTopoe lIpe06pa3YeTCH Bpmu;aIOIWIMcH
BbIllpHMHTeJIeM B lIOCTOHHHoe H lIo,u;a-
eTCH Ha OBr pOTopa, a MarHHTHoe nOJIe
OBr, B CBOIO Oqepe,ll;b, HH,u;YKTHPYeT
TpeX a3HOe lIepeMeHHoe HanpHJKeHHe B
5£or CTaTOpa. JJ:JIH 06eCneqeHHH aBTO-
ROB
Puc. 6.25. IIpuHQu"uaJILHaH cxeMa
COBMetqeHHoro cr OTIR
334
rnaBa 6. 5eCKOHTaKTHbie reHepaTopbl nepeMeHHoro
TOKa C 3neKTpOMarHMTHbiM B036Y>KAeHMeM
5eCKOHTaKTHbie CMHXpoHHble reHepaTopbl C
COBMe eHHbIMM o6MoTKaMM
335
HOMHOCTH ECr HClIOJIb3YeTCH CHCTeMa caMoB036Yj[()J;eHHH (CCB), lIJIH KOTOpoH
B KaqeCTBe uepBHqHOrO HCTOqHHKa 3HeprHH HClIOJIb3YeTCH OCTaTOqHaH HaMar-
HHqeHHOCTb pOTopa. JJ:JIH rrOBbIrneHHH JKeCTKOCTH BHeruHeH xapaKTepHcTHKH
lIpep;ycMoTpeHa B03MOJKHOCTb aBTOMaTHqeCKOH perYJIHpOBK11 TOKa B036Yj[()J;e-
HHH B036Y,ll;HTeJIH. JJ:JIH 3TOM l{eJIH Ha CTaTOpe YCTaHaBJIHBaeTCJI 6JIOK aBTOMa-
THqeCKoro perYJIHpOBaHHH B036yx(,u;eHHH APB.
6.4.6. HcnbITaHHH pa3JlHqHbIX BapHaHToB HH,u;YKTopHoro reHepaTopa
c COBMelIJ;eHHbIMH o6MoTKaMu Ha cTaTope
Ha pHC. 6.26 H 6.27 npe,u;CTaBJIeHbI cxeMbI TpexljJa3HOrO 11H,u;YKTopHoro
O,ll;HOlIOJIIOCHOrO reHepaTopa, OlIHcaHHoro B [86]. 3,u;ecb Ha cTaTope BbIIIOJIHeHO
ZI = 12 3y6QOB, Ha pOTope Z2 = 8
3y6l{OB, a HKopHaH 06MOTKa COCTOHT
H3 12 KaTyrueK, Kaj[()J;aH H3 KOTOpbIX
OXBaTbIBaeT CBOll 3y6el{ (p11c. 6.26,
a).
MarHHTHoe lIOJIe, C03,l1;aHHoe
3y6l{aMH pOTopa lIPH O,ll;HonOJIIOC-
HOM HaMarHHqHBaHHH H HMelOIl{ee
qHCJIO nap lIOJIIOCOB P2 = Z2 = 8, no-
Ka3aHO Ha pHC. 6.26, 6. B COOTBeTCT-
BHH C 3THM lIOJIeM IjJa3HbIe 3JJ:C PJl-
,u;OM paClIOJIOJKeHHbIX KaTyrueK
C,lI;BHHYTbI Ha 240 3JIeKTpHqeCKHX rpa,ll;ycoB. IIpHHa,ll;JIeJKHocTb Ka)!(,u;oH KaTYru-
KH K olIpe,u;eJIeHHOH ljJa3e YKa3aHa Ha pHC. 6.27, a. Ka)K,ll;aH ljJa3a COCT011T H3 qe-
TbIpex nOCJIe,u;OBaTeJIbHO coe,u;HHeHHbIX KaTyrueK.
ECJIH lIepeHT11 Ha pa3HOlIOJIIOC-
Hoe B036YJK,u;eHHe, TO Ha Ka)K)J;OM 3y6-
lIe HYJKHO paClIOJIOJKHTb KpOMe HKOp-
HOH 06MOTKH eIIIe H 06MOTKY B036y-
JK,u;eHHH B BH,u;e OT,lI;eJIbHbIX KaTyrneK,
OXBaTbIBaIOIWIX Kaj[()J;bIll 3y6el{. TIo-
JIHpHOCTb lIOJIIOCOB B036Yj[()J;eHHH lIe-
pHO,ll;HqeCK11 H3MeHHeTCH. Ha pHC.
6.27, a lIOJIHpHOCTb lIOJIIOCOB lIOKa3a-
Ha Ha,ll; KaTyruKaMH, aHa pHC. 6.27, 6-
MarHHTHoe lIOJIe B036YJK,u;eHHH C qHC-
nOM lIOJIIOCOB 2pI = ZI. B COOTBeTCT-
BH11 C lIOJIHpHOCTbIO lIOJIIOCOB B036y-
j[()J;eHHH KaTYlliKH B ljJa3ax coe,u;HHeHbI lIOCJIe,u;OBaTeJIbHO H BCTpeqHO (CM. pHC.
6.27, a), a HaqaJIa 1jJa3 C H B HaqHHalOTCH C TpeTbeH H lIHTOH KaTyrueK COOTBeT-
CTBeHHO, eCJIH lIPHHHTb HaqaJIO ljJa3bI A C lIepBoH KaTyrnKH.
I'
II!I
1111
I
I
!'
'1111
Puc. 6.26. RKopHaH oOMoTKa U MarHUT-
Hoe nOJIe OJJ.HonOJIIOCHOrO reHepaTopa,
Z. = 12, Z2 = 8
I'
11111
I
I
II III
PUC. 6.27. RKopHaH oOMoTKa U Mar-
HUTHoe nOJIe pa3HOnOJIIOCHOrO rCHe-
paTopa, Z. = 12
II
I!' I 'I
'111111
IfClIblTaHHH pa3HOlIOJIIOCHOrO reHepaTopa C 06MOTKOH JlKOpH, BbIIIonHeH-
HOH no cxeMe pHC. 6.27, lIpoBe,u;eHbI npH Pa3JIHqHbIX cxeMax ee coe,u;HHeHHH C
HarpY3KOH. MarHHTolIpOBO,u; CTiiTOpa TOJIIl{HHOH 27 MM HMeeT HapYJKHbIH ,lI;Ha-
MeTp DH = 130 MM, BHyTpeHHHH Dj = 90 MM, qHCJIO 3y6l{OB ZI=12, rnHpHHa
Jy6l{a - 12 MM, B03,u;yrnHbIH 3a30p 0 = 0,25 MM, qHCJIO 3y6l{OB pOTopa Z2 = 8,
wHpHHa 3y6l{a pOTopa - 11,5 MM. Bec Me,ll;H HKOpHOH 06MOTKH COCTaBJIHeT 2251',
Bec Me)J;I1 06MOTKH B036Yj[()J;eHHH - 200 r. Bce HClIbITaHHH 6bIJIH npOBe,ll;eHbI lIPH
n = 500 06/MHH 11 MOllI,HOCTH B036YJK,u;eHHH P B = UBI B = 60BT, a lIOJIe3HaH MOIl{-
HOCTb reHepaTopa paCCqHTaHa lIO COOTHorneHHIO P 2 = UHI H .
Ha pHC. 6.28, a-r lIOKa3aHbI Pa3JIHqHbIe cxeMbI coe,u;HHeHHH 1jJa3 06MOTKH
IIKOpH H 06MOTKH B036YJK1IeHHH.
+ OB +=:)OB
- A - A IB /A
+ +
C C C
R H
a
R H
6
R H
B
R H
r
PUC. 6.28. CxeMbI coeJJ.UHeHUH cJlu OOMOTKH HKOpH H OOMOTKU
Bo36Y1KJJ.eHUH UHJJ.YKTOPHOro ECr
Ha pHC. 6.28, a HKopHaH 06MoTKa COe)J;I1HeHa B TpeyrOJIbHHK H qepe3 Tpex-
ljJa3HbIH ,u;ByxnOJIYlIepHO)I;HbIH BbIIIpHMHTeJIb lIHTaeT HarpY3KY Rw Ha pHC. 6.28, 6
lIOKa3aHa cxeMa TIoro JKe reHepaTOpa C lIocne,ll;OBaTeJIbHO BKJIlOqeHHbIMH B ljJa3ax
HKOpHOH 06MOTKH ,u;Ho,u;aMH, qT06bI npH HarpY3Ke B HKOpHOH 06MoTKe npOTeKaJI
He lIepeMeHHbIH TOK, a 0,u;HOlIonynep110,u;HbIH BbIIIpHMJIeHHbIH Hero MAC 6bIJIa
HarrpaBneHa COrJIaCOBaHHO C MJJ:C 06MOTKH B036YJK,u;eHHH.
Ha pHC. 6.28, B lIOKa3aHa cxeMa, lIPH KOTOpOH 06MoTKa B036YJK1IeHHH
BKJIlOqeHa nOCJIe,u;OBaTeJIbHO C 06MOTKOH HKOpH. TOK B036YJK1IeHHH npoTeKaeT
H no 06MOTKe B036Yj[()J;eHHH, H lIO 06MoTKe HKOpH. .
Ha pHC. 6.28, l' lIOKa3aHa cxeMa HH,u;YKTopHoro pa3HOlIOJIIOCHOrO reHepa-
Topa C COBMeIl{eHHbIMH 06MOTKaMH. Ka)[()J;aH OT,u;eJIbHaH KaTyrnKa B036YJK1IeHHH
6bIJIa BKJIIOqeHa nOCne,ll;OBaTeJIbHO H COrJIaCOBaHHO C JlKOpHOH KaTyruKoH Ha
O,ll;HOM H TOM JKe 3y6l{e. 3TH KaTyruKH 6bIJIH coe,u;HHeHbI lIO cxeMe pHC. 6.27, a.
"
I
III
336
rnaBa 6. 6eCKOHTaKTHbie reHepaTopbl nepeMeHHoro
TOKa C 3IleKTpOMarHMTHbiM B036Y>KAeHMeM
6eCKOHTaKTHbiM CMHXpOHHblM reHepaTop C M3MeHJlIOI..4eMCJI
CTPYKTYPOM 06MOTKM pOTopa
337
III
Pe3YJIbTaTbI HClIbITaHHH lIp11Be,ll;eHbI HHJKe (Ta6JI. 6.4).
OBB, HH,u;YKTHpYIOTCH O,ll;HHaKOBbIe 3JJ:C e 6 (t) H lIpoTeKaIOT BbIIIpHMJIeHHbIe
TOKH iJ, H i2 TIocToHHHbIe COCTaBJIHIOIl{He 3THX TOKOB HBnHIOTCH TOKaMH B036y-
j[()J;eHHJl reHepaTopa. B cnyqae MHOrOnOJIIOCHoro reHepaTopa KaTyrueqHbIe
rpYlIlIbI, neJKaIl{He B O,ll;HOHMeHHbIX lIOJIIOCHbIX ,lI;eJIeHHHX H COe,ll;HHeHHbIe no-
CJIe,ll;OBaTeJIbHO, 06Pa3YIOT qeTbIpe caMOCTOHTenbHbIe qaCTH OBr.
JJ:JIH aHaJIH3a H HCCJIe,ll;OBaHHH pa60TbI cxeMbI OBr HClIOJIb30BaHa IjJH3H-
qeCKaH MO,ll;eJIb, rrpe,ll;cTaBJIHIOliiaH C060H TpeXCrepJKHeBOH MarnHTolIpoBO,u; C
KaTYIIIKaMH, COe,ll;HHeHHbIMH qepe3 ,lI;HO,ll;bI, H ,u;olIonHHTeJIbHOH KaryruKoH, no,ll;-
KJIIOqeHHOH K HCTOqHHKY lIepeMeHHoro HalIpH)KeHHH B l{enHX C03,l1;aHHH B Mar-
HHTOnpOBO,ll;e lIepeMeHHoro lIOTOKa. 3Ta MO,ll;eJIb lI03BOJIHJIa TaKJKe Ol{eHHTb
TOqHOCTb COOTHOIIIeHHH )l;JIH 3JJ:C H TOKOB, HClIonb3yeMbIx ,lI;JIH paCqeToB.
Ha p11c. 6.30 lIpe,ll;cTaBJIeHbI IIHTb CTPYKryp OBr, COOTBeTCTBYIOIl{HX co-
CTOHHHHM ,lI;HO,ll;OB B lIpOl{eCce eCTeCTBeHHOH KOMMYTal{HH. PaclIpe.u;eJIeHHe lIO-
TeHl{HaJIOB Y3JIOB YCTaHOBJIeHO C HClIOJIb30BaHHeM ,u;BYXKaHaJIbHOrO OCl{HnnO-
rpaljJa.
[I
I!I!
I
Ta6JIHu;a 6.4
CxeMa P11c. 6.28, a PHC. 6.28, 6 PHC. 6.28, B P11c. 6.28, l'
MOIl{HOCTb, BT 110 260 390 570
JJ:aHHble 3KclIepHMeHTaJIbHbIX HCCJIe,ll;OBaHHH 3THX T11lIOB 11H,u;YKTOPHbIX
reHepaTopoB H lIpHBe,ll;eHHbIx BbIIIIe cxeM COe,ll;HHeHHH 06MOTOK HKOpH H B03-
6YJK,u;eHHH TaKJKe lIOKa3bIBaIOT peaJIbHyIO B03MOJKHOCTb HX lIpHMeHeHHJI B CHC-
TeMe B3Y.
6.5. EecKoHTaKTHbIH CHHXpOHHbIH reHepaTop C H3MeHHIOm:eHcH
CTPYKTYPOU 06MOTKH pOTopa
I
II
IIII
6.5.1. llPHHl1:U" ,o:eHcTBHH ECr C u3MeHHIOlIJ;eHCH CTpYKTYPOH 06MOTKH
L I
I,
BlIOJIHe no.u;06HbI paccMoTpeHHbIM BbInre ECr C COBMeIl{eHHbIMH 06MOT-
KaMH CHHXpoHHble reHepaTopbI HOBoKaxoBcKoro 3M3 [20, 66] C 06MOTKaMH
B036YJK,u;eHHH Ha pOTope, COCTaBJIeHHbIMH H3 OT,lI;eJIbHbIX KaryrueK, lIO KOTOpbIM
IIpoTeKaeT TonbKO BbIIIpHMJIeHHbIH TOK, a lIOCTOHHHaH COCTaBJIHIOIl{aH 3Toro TO-
Ka C03,l1;aeT lIOJIe B036Yj[()J;eHHH.
Ha cTaTope TaKoro reHepaTopa paClIOJIOJKeHbI ,lI;Be MarnHTHO He CBH3aH-
HbIe 06MOTKH - HKopHaH (CO5£) H 06MOTKa B036YJK,u;eHHH B036Y,lI;HrenH (OBB),
lIOJIyqaIOIl{aH lIHTaHHe OT C05[ qepe3 perynHTop B036YJK,u;eHHH. 06MOTKIJ, pOTO-
pa HBJIHeTCH 06MOTKOH B036YJK,u;eHHH reHepaTOpa (OBr) H COCTOHT H3 OT,lI;eJIb-
HbIX qaCTeH, O,u;HHaKOBbIX B 3JIeKTpoMarHHTHOM OTHonreHHH H Haxo,u;muHXCH B
O,ll;HHaKOBbIX 3JIeKTpoMarHHTHbIX YCJIOBHHX. B cnyqae ,lI;ByxlIonIOcHoro reHepa-
Topa OBB BbIIIOJIHHeTCH qeTbIpeXrrOJIIOCHOH, a OBr COCTOHIl{eH H3 qeTbIpeX
KaTyrueqHbIX rpYlIn Krl-Kr4, COe,ll;HHeHHbIX MeJK.u;y C060H qepe3 ,lI;HO,u;bI, KaK
lIOKa3aHO Ha pHC. 6.29.
,1 111 '
:I! i
I,
rT0l rI/1
IJ - jJ
= I =
I/
jJ IJ
Ii
11
'[!II
Puc. 6.29. CxeMa coeJJ.uHeHuH KaTYUJeK 06MOTKU B036Y)K)J.eHUH reHeparopa
Puc. 6.30. CrPYKT)'pHLIe npeBpaLQeHuH cxeMLI 06MOTKH B036Y)K)J.eHuH reHepaTopa
I,! I
L
rpYlInbI Krl - Kr4 O,ll;HHaKOBbI H YJIOJKeHbI lIOlIapHO B ,u;Byx pa3HbIx lIO-
JIIOCHbIX ,lI;eJIeHHHX pOTopa (Krl H Kr2 - B O,ll;HOM, a Kr3 H Kr4 - B ,u;pyrOM).
TIpH BpaIl{eHHH pOTOpa B 3THX KaTynreqHbIX rpyrrnax lIoneM, C03,l1;aBaeMbIM
TIocne,ll;OBaTenbHoe lIpeBpaIl{eHHe CTPYKTypbI 1 B CTPYKTYPY V COBepnra-
eTCH B TeqeHHe lIOJIOBHHbI lIepHO,ll;a I13MeHeHHH 3JJ:C e 6 (i), nocne qero lIpOHC-
XO,ll;HT 06paTHoe lIpeBpaIIIeHHe (CTpenKa C lIYHKTHPOM Ha pHc.6.30). CTPYKry-
pbI I H V HBJIHIOTCH OCHOBHbIMH, CTPYKTypbI II, III H IV - lIepeXO,ll;HbIMH C OTHO-
II
I"
tl
1111
ill
338
rnaBa 6. 5eCKOHTaKTHbie reHepaTopbl nepeMeHHoro
TOKa C 3neKTpOMarHMTHbiM B036YJlCAeHMeM
5eCKOHTaKTHbiM CMHXPOHHblM reHepaTop C M3MeHJlIOI..4eMCJI
CTPYKTYPOM 06MOTKM pOTOpa
339
III
I
I'
I!: II
III
I!!
i 2
Ha pHC. 6.31 lIOKa3aHbI OCUHJIJIO-
rpaMMbI TOKOB i l H i2, npoTeKaIOIl{HX lIO
qaCTJlM OBL 3TH TOKH CMeIl{eHbI BO
BpeMeHH OTHOCHTeJIbHO .u;Pyr .u;Pyra Ha
lIonOBHHY lIepHo.u;a H3MeHeHHH 3JJ:C.
CTpYKTypaM II H IV COOTBeTCTBYIOT
JIHHeHHbIe yqacTKH OCUHJIJIOrpaMM C
6bICTpO H3MeHHIOru;HMCH TOKOM. He-
60JIbnme yqaCTKH C lIOqTIf lIOCTOHH-
HbIM TOKOM COOTBeTCTBYIOT CTPYKTYpe
III H 06YCJIOBJIeHbI HaJIHqHeM BbICOKO-
OMHOH 'IaCTH BOJIbT-aMlIepHoH xapaK-
TepHCTHKH peaJIbHOrO )l;Ho.u;a, qTO npH-
BO,ll;HT K 3a,ll;epJKKe 06pa30BaHHH CTPYK-
ryp II H IV H3 CTPYKrypbI III.
2 [ OY/(it>i 2 ) oil + Oy/(it>i 2 ) oi2 1+ Oy/(i 2 ,i)) oil +
oil ot oi 2 ot J oil ot
+ Oy/(i),i 2 )oi 2 +2Ri +Ri ==Em sinwt.
oil ot ) 2 [ I ,
i) = 2i 2 ; t l 5. t 5. t2'
JJ:JIH CTpYKTypbI II ClIpaBe,ll;JIHBa CJIe.u;YIOlliaH CHCTeMa ypaBHeHHH:
2[ OY/(iI,i 2 ) oil oY/(iI,i 2 ) Oi 2 ] 2R ' - E . t .
+ + I) - m[ Sill w) ,
oil ot oi 2 ot
oy/(i 2 ,i)) oil oy/(i 2 ,i) oi 2 R . - E . .
+ + 12 - - m[ Sill (o[t,
oil ot oi 2 ot
05.t:$t); t 2 :$t5.t 2 .
(6.18)
II
1II11
CUTeJIbHO MaJIbIM BpeMeHeM cyru;eCTBoBaHHH. CTpYKTYpa III B03HHKaeT B Mo-
MeHT paBeHcTBa TOKOB, lIpOTeKaIOIl{HX no qaC'DIM Krl- Kr4, H npoxoj[()J;eHHJI
3JJ:C e B qepe3 Hynb, lIPH 3TOM Ha6JIIO.u;aIOTCJI reoMeTpHqeCKaJl H 3neKTpoMar-
HHTHaJl cHMMeTpHH cxeMbI. BpeMJI cyru;ecrnoBaHHJI OCHOBHbIX CTpYKTYP I H V,
KaK H CTPYKryp II H IV, O)I;HHaKOBO.
TIpeBpaIIIeHHe cTpYKTYP npOHCXO,ll;UT CJIe.u;YIOru;HM 06Pa30M [66]: CHaqa-
JIa B KOHType A (CTpYKTypa I) B03HHKaeT )l;HarOHaJIb (CTpYKrypa II), 3aTeM OT-
KJIIOqaIOTCH ero 6oKoBble BeTBU H B03HHKaeT CTpYKTypa III, lIOCJIe qero 60KO-
Bble BeTBH nepeXO)I;HT Ha ,lI;PyryIO lIOJIOBHHY cxeMbI (CTPYKrypa IV), HCqe3aeT
.u;HaroHaJIb H B03HHKaeT KOHTyp E (cTPYKTYpa V). I1MeHHo 31'0 npeBpall{eHHe
n03BOJIHeT paCCMaTpHBaTb OBr TaKoro reHepaTopa KaK CHCTeMY C lIepHo.u;Hqe-
CKH H3MeWIIOru;eHCH CTpYKTYPOH.
(6.19)
i,
11111
JJ:JIH 3alIHCH ypaBHeHHH CTPYKTYP V H IV .u;OCTaTOqHO B lIpHBe.u;eHHblx
ypaBHeHHHx lIOMeHJlTb MeCTaMH HH,lI;eKCbI I H 2.
K lIonY'IeHHbIM COOTHOnreHHHM He06xo)I;HMO .u;06aBHTb YCJIOBHH, oTpa-
JKaIOIl{He cHMMeTpHIO cxeMbI B IjJYHKU;HH aprYMeHTa wIt:
i) (n(k -1)) = i) (nk);
i 2 (n(k-l)) = i 2 (nk);
k = 1,2,3... .
(6.20)
6.5.2. COOTHomeHHH IIJIH 3.l(C H TOKOB 06MoTKH pOTopa
MOMeHTbI lIpeBparu;eHHH CTpYKryp MOJKHO olIpe.u;eJIHTb, lIpHpaBHHB BbI-
paJKeHHH )l;JIH TOKOB COCe,ll;HHX CTPYKryp. TIocToHHHaH COCTaBJIHIOIl{aH TOKOB
qacTeH OBr, K031jJljJHuHeHT nYJIbCaUHH, CKOpOCTb H3MeHeHHH 3THX TOKOB onpe-
,lI;eJIHIOTCH C lIOMOIl{bIO 06bIqHbIX MaTeMaTHqeCKHX olIepaUHH.
TIpH HeHaCbIru;eHHOM MarnHTolIpoBO,ll;e BbIpaJKeHUe ,lI;JIH lIOTOKOCuenJIe-
HHH \jf OTlleJIbHOH qaCTH OBr MOJKHO 3anHcaTb B BU)I;e
PHC. 6.31. OCI.\HJJJJOrpaMMLI TOKOB
B03fiY)KjI,eHHR
:1
B pa60Te [67] lIpHBe,ll;eHO BbIpa)KeHHe)I;JIH 3JJ:C eB(t) B BH,lI;e pH,lI;a C1>ypbe
C HeqeTHbIMH rapMoHHKaMH. TIOCKOJIbKY aMlIJIHTY,lI;a KaJK,lI;OH rapMoHHKH 06-
paTHo nponOpl1:HOHaJIbHa Ky6y HX nOpJl)l;Ka, BnOJIHe ,lI;OnycTHMo orpaHH'lHTbCH
paccMOTpeHHeM TOJIbKO lIepBoH rapMoHHKH.
BbIHBJIeHHe CTpYKTYP OBr n03BOJIHeT 3HaqHTeJIbHO YlIPOCTHTb aHaJIH3
TOKOB. 0603HaqHM 'Iepe3 \jf(ip,i Q ) nOTOKOCuelIJIeHHe OT,lI;eJIbHOH qaCTH OBr B
IjJYHKl{HH lIpoTeKaIOru;ero qepe3 Hee TOKa ip H TOKa , npoTeKaIOIl{erO qepe3
OT.u;eJIbHbIe qaCTH OBr, He HMeIOIl{He C ,lI;aHHOH 06Il{HX na30B (p, q = 1,2), a qe-
pe3 R - ee aKTHBHoe COlIpOTHBJIeHHe. JJ:JIH CTpYKrypbI 1 3alIHnreM CJIe,ll;YIOruyIO
cHcTeMY ypaBHeHHH lIO KOHryPY, 06pa30BaHHoMY qaCTJlMH KrI, Kr2 H Kr3
(CM. pHC. 6.30):
y/=(ipiq)=2Lpip+2Mqiq' (6.21)
r,ll;e Lp - c06cTBeHHaH lIOJIHaH HH)l;yKTHBHOCTb qaCTH OBr; M Q - B3aHMHaH HH-
,lI;YKTHBHOCTb qaCTeH OBr, He UMeIOIl{HX 06ru;HX lIa30B.
If3 (6.18) H (6.21) nOJIyqaeM ypaBHeHHe
(lOLp + 8Mq) oi 2 + 5Ri 2 = Em[ sinw[t . (6.22)
ot
3aMeqaH, '-!TO YCJIOBHH cHMMeTpHH (6.20) MOJKHO lIpu6JIHJKeHHO 3alIHcaTb
H .u;JIH TOKOB CTPYKTYP I H V lIPH HX 3KCTpalIOJIHl1:HH (nYHKTHp Ha pHc.6.31) H
HCXO,ll;JI H3 e.u;HHCTBeHHOCTU pellIeHHH 3MaqH Koruu, nony'IaeM CJIe)J;yIOru;ee
BbIpaJKeHUe)I;JIH TOKa i2(t) B cTpYKType I:
I
I
I!
11',1'.
I11 111
111 1 II
II
!II
illl
il
, II
II I
I.
I
I
1111,1
lill
::I
III
I
II
:II
IIi
In
III,
J
Ii
j'
I
I
I
.I
I
II
I I!
340
rnaBa 6. 6ecKoHTaKTHbie reHepaTopbl nepeMeHHoro
TOKa C 3neKTpOMarHMTHbiM B036Y>KAeHMeM
6eCKOHTaKTHbiM CMHXpOHHblM reHepaTop C M3MeHJlIO eMCJI
CTPYKTYPOM 06MOTKM pOTopa
341
iz(t) = ZEm l Z [ ,;n(<»1 1 -"')+ rn", r xp ( - 5Rt )] ,
(5R) +(mQpq) l-exp _ 51rR Qpq
WJ.Qpq (6.23)
me Qpq = lOL p + 8M q ; rp = arct q ( q ). (6.24)
.u;JIH paCqeTa MJJ:C oT.u;eJIbHOH '-JaCTH OBr C qHCJIOM nOCJIe,ll;OBaTeJIbHbIX BHTKOB
Wkr:
PaCqeT TOKOB iJ, i z B CTpYKrype II lIO CHCTeMe ypaBHeHHH (2) 3HaqHTeJIb-
HO ynpOIl{aeTCH, eCJIH yqeCTb, qTO B CTpYKType I TOK i] B,lI;BOe npeBocxo.u;HT TOK
i z , B CTpYKrype V - Ha060poT, a B cTpYKType III OHH paBHbI; KpoMe TOro, B
cTpYKTYpax II H IV CKOpOCTH 113MeHeHHH 3THX TOKOB O)I;HHaKOBbI lIO a6COJIIOT-
HOMY 3HaqeHHIO 11 npoTHBOnOJIOJKHbI lIO 3HaKY (CM. pHC. 6.30, 6.31). OTCIO,lI;a
HeTpy.u;Ho YCTaHOBHTb 3HaqeHHe TOKOB B CTpYKType III, KOTopoe CJIe)J;yeT BbI-
6paTb B KaqeCTBe HaqaJIbHOrO YCJIOBHH lIPH pellIeHHH C11CTeMbI ,lI;HljJljJepeHuH-
aJIbHbIX ypaBHeH11H (6.19). 3Ta cHcTeMalIpHYCJIOBHll(6.21)pacna.ll;aeTCH Ha
.u;Ba He3aBllC11MbIX ypaBHeHHH OTHOCHTeJIbHO TOKOB i] H i z :
F ( ) wfkrEml ( 3 ( l) r+l sinw]t I Sin2w 1 t )
fr t -+ - -- ,
1r 5R 5R 3WIQpq
r,ll;e r = 1 .u;JIH qaCTeH Krl H Kr2, r = 2 .u;JIJl Kr3 II Kr4.
113 3Toro BbIpaJKeHHH CJIe,ll;yeT, qTO nepBaH rapMoHHKa MJJ:C, C03,l1;aBae-
MaH TOKOM iJ, lIpOXO,u;HIl{HM qepe3 qaCTH Krl H Kr2, HaXO,ll;HTCH B npOTHBoljJa3e
C lIepBoH rapMoHHKOH MAC qaCTeH Kr3 H Kr4.
TIonyqeHHbIe cooTHorueHHH HClIOJIb30BaHbI B MeTO,ll;HKe paCqeTa lIPH
lIpoeKTHpOBaHH11 ,lI;BYXlIOJIIOCHbIX reHepaTopOB MOIIIHOCTbIO 4 KBT, lIO,ll;rOTOB-
JIeHHbIX K cepHHHoMY npOH3BO,ll;CTBY.
reHepaTop llMeeT CJIe)J;yIOIIIHe HOMHHaJIbHbIe ,lI;aHHbIe B lIpO,ll;OJIJKHTeJIb-
HOM peJKHMe pa60TbI: aKTHBHaH MOIl{HOCTb - 4 KBT; JIHHeHHOe HalIpHJKeHHe -
400 B; HOMHHaJIbHbIH TOK - 7,22 A; K03IjJIjJHUHeHT MOIl{HOCTH - 0,8; KTIJJ: -
74%; YCTaHoBHBrueecH lIpeBbIllIeHHe TeMlIepaTypbI 06MOTKH cTaTopa - 65°C,
pOTOpa -75°C.
(6.31 )
T die R . ( 1) /+1 £ .
pq ---;jf + 'e = - ml SIn OJlt ,
r,ll;e Tpq = 2(L p -M q ; 1 = 1,2).
I1ClIOJIb3YH (6.22) lIPH pellIeHHH ypaBHeHHH (6.26), lIOJIyqaeM
6.5.3. PeryJIHTOp B030Yj[()J;eHHH .u;JIH ECr C nepeMeHHoH cTpYlnypoH
OOMOTKH pOTopa [136]
(6.25)
(6.26)
C03.u;aBaeMbIe KaTyruKaMH Krl - Kr4 MJJ:C npaKTHqeCKH CHHyCOH,u;aJIb-
HbI H HMeIOT y,ll;BOeHHyIO lIO OTHOllIeHHIO K OCHOBHOH reHepHpyeMoH 3JJ:C qac-
TOTY. TIepeMeHHaJI COCTaBJIHIOIl{aH BbIIIpHMJIeHHoro TOKa TaKJKe CHH)'COH,lI;aJIb-
Ha, HMeeT TaKYIO JKe qaCTory H O,ll;HHaKOBoe HalIpaBJIeHHe BO Bcex Kr. 3TO
lIpHBO.u;HT K TOMY, qTO MAC Krl H Kr3 OT 3Toro TOKa lIpOCTpaHCTBeHHO lIpO-
THBOlIOJIOJKHa MJJ:C Kr2 II Kr4. 06pa3YIOIl{eeCH npH 3TOM nYJIbCHpYIOIl{ee qe-
TbIpeXlIOJIIOCHOe lIOJIe MOJKeT 6bITb lIpe.u;CTaBJIeHO 06pa30BaHHbIM OT .u;BYX
MJJ:C, BpaIl{aIOIl{HXCH OTHOCHTeJIbHO pOTopa B lIpOTHBOlIOJIOJKHbIX HalIpaBJIe-
HHHX C qaCTOTOH 3000 06/MHH lIPH reHep11pyeMoH qaCTOTe 50 ru. qepe3 lIOJIe,
B036Yj[()J;aeMoe MJJ:C, BpaIIIaIOIl{eHCH B O.u;HOM HanpaBJIeHHH C pOTOpOM, B OBB
HH.u;yKTHpyeTcH 3JJ:C eBfl qaCTOTOH 4f. TOK OBB 3TOH qaCTOTbI B036Yj[()J;aeT B
reHepaTOpe pJl)l; rapMOH11K, OKa3bIBaIOIl{HX Ha ero pa60TY Bpe,ll;HOe B03,l1;eHCT-
BHe. MHHHMH3aUHJI 3Toro TOKa oCYIIIeCTBJIHeTCH C nOMOIl{bIO clIpOeKT11pOBaH-
Horo perYJIHTOpa B036YJK.u;eHHH (PB).
TaKl1e clIoc06bI, KaK BKJIIOqeH11e lIOCJIe.u;OBaTeJIbHO cOBB IjJHJIbTpa-
np06KH HJIH KaryllIKH C 60JIbllIOH 11H)J;yKTHBHOCTbIO, HelIpHeMJIeMbI BCJIe,ll;CT-
BHe 60JIbllIHX ra6apHTOB H lIoTepb MOIl{HOCTH B HHX.
Pa3pa60TaHHbIH perYJIHTOp lIoCTpoeH Ha lIpHHuHne llIHpOTHO-
HMlIYJIbCHOro MO)J;yJIHpoBaHHH (IlIIfM), HO OTJIHqaeTCH TeM, qTO llIHpHHa HM-
nYJIbCOB HalIpHJKeHHH, nO,ll;aBaeMOro Ha OBB, OlIpe.u;eJIHeTCH He TOJIbKO HalIpH-
. ( ) _ ( 3Em l f»]TpqEml J ( Rt ) ( 1) /+1 Eml sin(f»] - r)
1 t - - + exp - - + - ,
e 57rR R Z + f»]zT;q Tpq R Z + f»]zTpq (6.27)
r.u;e
r = arct q ( ;/ ).
(6.28)
ECJIH
OJ]T pq «R; f»]t l «21r; OJtfz = 1r,
(6.29)
TO
. ( ) _ 3Eml ( 1) 1+1 EmlOJlt
1 t --+ - .
e 51rR R
(6.30)
TIpoH3Be,u;H lIpH6JIHJKeHHOe pa3JIOJKeHHe KpHBbIX TOKOB i l H iz B pJl)l; <:Dy-
pbe C lIepHo.u;oM 2n/ffil lIPH R « ffilQpq nonyqaeM CJIellYIOIl{ee COOTHOllIeHHe
:: i
1 11 '1
,III
1III
I !
JI
!
jl
342
rnaBa 6. 6eCKOHTaKTHbie reHepaTopbl nepeMeHHoro
TOKa C 3neKTpOMarHMTHbiM B036YJICAeHMeM
343
6eCKOHTaKTHbiM CMHXpOHHblM reHepaTop C M3MeHJlIOL1IeMCJI
CTPYKTYPOM 06MOTKM pOTopa
JKeHneM cor, HO H ljJa30H lIepBoH rapMoHHKH 3JJ:C eaf;; lIPH lIOJIOJKHTeJIbHbIX
3HaqeHHHX 3TOH 3JJ:C HMnYJIbCbI MeHee, a lIPH oTpHuaTeJIbHbIX 60JIee .u;JIHTeJIb-
HbI lIO BpeMeHH. KpoMe Toro, llIHpHHa HMIIYJIbCOB Orrpe,ll;eJIHeTCH H ljJa30H lIapa-
3HTHOH 3)J:C. '
TIpH TaKOM aJIrOpHTMe 1jJ0pMHpoBaHHH HMlIYJIbCOB TOKa B OBB lIpOHC-
XO,ll;HT reHepHpoBaHHe npoTHB03JJ:C, lIpOTHBOlIOJIOJKHOH lIO ljJa3e eafl> qTO H
JIeJKHT B OCHOBe npouecca CrJIa)l(HBaHHH napa3HTHOrO TOKa OBB. PeaJIH30BaH
CJIe,ll;YIOIWIH cnoc06 ynpaBJIeHHH .u;JIHTeJIbHOCTbIO HMnYJIbCoB: KJIIOq YlIpaBJIH-
eTCJI C Y'IeTOM CHrHaJIOB H3MepHTeJIbHOH 06MOTKH (110), HBJIHIOIl{eHCH .u;aTqH-
KOM ljJa3bI napa3HTHbIX 3)J:C HJIH TOKa. 110 BbIlIOJIHHeTCH TaK JKe, KaK H OBB,
HO C MeHbllIHM t.IHCIiOM BHTKOB. B Hen HHL\YKTHpyerC}i 3JJ:C, lIpOlIopUHoHarIb-
HaSi 3JJ:C eaf!.
Ha pHC. 6.32 npellcTaBJIeHbI OCHOBHbIe 6JIOKH perynHTopa B036YJK.u;eHHH.
JKeHHH H ero 3armpaHHe B MOMeHT paBeHCTBa onopHoro HalIpHJKeHHH U on CYM-
Me nHJIo06pa3Horo Un) H lIapa3HTHOrO HanpHJKeHHH U n 2 H lIpOnOpl{HOHaJIbHOro
BbIXO.u;HOMY HarrpHJKeHHIO AU (U - HalIpHJKeHHe Ha 3aJKHMaX reHepaTopa, A -
K031jJljJHUHeHT lIpOlIOPUHOHaJIbHOCTH). 3TH CHrnaJIbI lIocTynaIOT Ha BXO,ll; CYM-
MaTOpa-KOMIIapaTOpa, BbIIIOJIHeHHOro Ha 6a3e OlIepaUHOHHoro YCHJIHTeJISI (06-
Be.u;eH lIYHKTHpOM).
EJIOK 1jJ0pMHpOBaHHH HarrpHJKeHHH, lIpOlIOPUHOHaJIbHOrO BbIXO.u;HOMY
(CM. p11C. 6.32, B), BbIIIOJIHeH Ha 6a3e TpexljJa3Horo lIOHHJKaIOIIIero TpaHcljJop-
MaTOpa HalIpHJKeHHH, BTOpH'-lHaH 06MOTKa KOTOpOrO lIpHCOe,ll;HHeHa K H3MepH-
TeJIbHOMY lIpe06pa30BaTeJIIO, 1jJ0pMHPYIOIl{eMY lIOCTOHHHOe HalIpJlJKeHHe, Be-
JIHqHHa KOTOporO lIpOlIOPUHOHaJIbHa HalIpHJKeHHIO reHepaTOpa. 3TO HalIpHJKe-
HHe lIO,ll;aeTCSI Ha BXO,ll; YCHJIHTeJIbHO-HHTerp11pYIOIl{erO 3BeHa (CM. pHC. 6.32, 1').
EJIOK 1jJ0pMHpoBaHHH olIopHoro HalIpJlJKeHHH lIpe,ll;CTaBJIeH Ha pHC. 6.32,
,lI;. JJ:aTqHK ljJa3bI lIapa3HTHoro HarrpHJKeHHH (CM. pHc.6.32,e) CO,ll;epJKHT If 0 H
ljJa30perYJIHPYIOIl{YIO uellb (<:DP[(), lI03BOJISIIOIl{YIO CMeIl{aTb lIO ljJa3e lIapa3HT-
HbIe HalIpSlJKeHHH Ha 3aJKHMax OBB H 110.
PaCCMOTpeHHbIH PB aBTOMaTH'-IeCKII peaJIH3yeT H3MeHeHHe BpeMeHH OT-
KpbITOro COCTOHHHH KJIIOqa B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT ljJa3bI lIapa3HTHoro HalIpHJKeHHH.
M1
r----------------,
6.6. ACHHXpOHH3HpoBaHHbie CHHXpoHHble MalliHHbl
61
a
u.w\v.
6
6.6.1. TIpHHuHn lleHcTBHH ACM
CHHXpoHHbIe MaruHHbI lIpH06peTaIOT 60JIee BbICOKHe nOKa3aTeJIH B OT-
HorueHHH YCTOH'IHBOCTH H ynpaBJIJleMOCTH, eCJIH Ha pOTope paClIOJIaraIOTCH
B3alIMHO rreprreHL\HKYJIHpHO LIBe OL\HHaKOBbIe 06MOTK11 B036Yj[()J;eHHJI, lIO.u;KJIIO-
qaeMbIe K .u;ByxljJa3HOMY HCTOqHHKY lIepeMeHHoro CHHYCOH,u;aJIbHOrO HalIpHJKe-
HHH C qaCTOTOHh = jjs. TOKH 3THX 06MOTOK C03.u;aIOT MarnHTHOe lIOJIe, qaCTO-
Ta BpaIIIeH11H KOToporo OTHOCHTeJIbHO pOTopa 6Y,lI;eT TaKOH JKe, KaK B aCHH-
XpOHHOH MalliHHe. TaKHe CHHXpOHHbIe MaIIIHHbI Ha3bIBaIOTCH aCHHxpoHH3HpO-
BaHHbIMH, HJIH aCHHxpOHHbIMH, reHepaTopaMH, pa60TaIOIl{HMH B peJKHMe Ma-
nrHHbI ,u;BOHHOrO lIHTaHHH. ACHHXpOHH3HpoBaHHaSi MaruHHa BCer,ll;a CTpOIITCH C
HeHBHOlIOJIIOCHbIM poTOpOM, cHMMeTpHqHbIM B 3JIeKTpHqeCKOM H MarHHTHOM
OTHonreHHHX.
B lIpOMbIruJIeHHOH 3JIeKTp03HepreTHKe lIpHMeHHIOTcH aCHHxpOHH3HpO-
BaHHbIe rlI,lI;pOreHepaTopbI MOIIIHOCTbIO 50 MBT, aBTOHOMHbIe Typ60reHepaTo-
pbI MOIl{HOCTbIO 200 - 800 MBT. Pa3pa60TaHbI H HaruJIH npHMeHeHHe aCHHxpo-
HH3HpOBaHHbIe CHHXpoHHbIe ,lI;BHraTeJIH MOIl{HOCTbIO 315 - 2000 KBT, reHepa-
TOpbI-.u;BHraTeJIH MOIl{HOCTbIO 400 KBT - 20 MBT, rrpe,ll;Ha3HaqeHHbIe )l;JIJI rrpH-
JIHBHbIX 3neKTpocTaHuHH, a TaKJKe CHHXpOHHbIH KOMlIeHcaTop lIpo.u;onbHo-
lIOlIepeqHOrO B036y)[()J;eHHH MOIl{HOCTbIO 320 MB.A.
(I
z
YH
e
Poco 6.32. YKpynHeHHaH cxeMa peryJIHTOpa B036y eHoH
I1CTOqHHKOM HarrpHJKeHHH )l;JIH nHTaHHH OBB CJIYJKHT ,lI;OlIOnHHTeJIbHaJI
06MOTKa JJ:O (CM. pHC. 6.32, a), nO,ll;KJIIOqeHHaSi K BblnpHMHTeJIbHOMY MOCTY.
TIocTYlIaIOIl{He OT 6JIOKa YlIpaBJIeHHH KJIIOqOM (CM. pHC. 6.32, 6) CHrHaJIbI
06eCneqHBaIOT OTKpbIBaHHe KJIIOqa B Haqane nepHO,ll;a nHJIo06pa3Horo HalIpH-
344
rnaBa 6. 6eCKOHTaKTHbie r-eHepaTopbl nepeMeHHoro
TOKa C 3neKTpOMarHMTHbiM B036Y>KAeHMeM
II
1II I
]1 I
II
: I
HallinH TaKJKe npHMeHeHHe aCHHXpOHH311pOBaHHbIe reHepaTopbI .u;JIH
B3Y MOlliHOCTbIO L\O 4,5 MBT, a TaKJKe .u;JIH rH,ll;poaKryMynHpYIOIl{HX 3neKTpo-
CTaHuHii MOIl{HOCTbIO,lI;O 400 MBT[lOO].
KaK 6bIJIO nOKa3aHO B rJI. 3, perynHpoBaHHe TOKa B036Y)f(,lI;eHHH cr co-
lIpoBoj[()J;aeTcH H3MeHeHHeM yrJIOBOH XapaKTepHCTHKH (yma Harpy3KH 8), lIPH
3TOM H3MeHHeTCH TaKJKe peaKTHBHaJI MOIIIHOCTb Q, a aKTHBHaH MOIl{HOCTb P oc-
TaeTCH HeH3MeHHOH.
COBepnreHHo HHbIe npoueccbI HMeIOT MecTO B aCHHxpoHH3HpoBaHHoH
CHHXpOHHOH MaruHHe. If3MeHHH COOTHonreHHe TOKOB B )J;BYx 06MOTKaX B036y-
j[()J;eHHH, MOJKHO .u;06HTbCH H3MeHeHHH lIpoCTpaHcTBeHHoro lIOJIOJKeHHH BeKTopa
MJJ:C B036yJK,l1;eHHH H He3aBHCHMoro perYJIHpoBaHHH HllH aKTHBHoH, HJIM peaK-
THBHOH MOIl{HOCTeH, KaK 3TO lIOKa3aHO Ha pHC. 6.33, HJIH o.u;HoBpeMeHHoro HX
H3MeHeHHH.
. Ecn11 lIPH perYJIHpOBaHHH TOKa B036Yj[()J;eHHH lIpHpaIl{eHHe 3)J:C HKOpH
!'!.Eo HalIpaBJIeHO lIeplIeH,lI;HKYJIHpHO BeKTopy HanpHJKeHHH HKOpH (; , TO H3Me-
HH TCH TonbKO aKTHBHaH MOIIIHOCTb P (CM. pHC. 6.33, a), a ecnH lIpHpaIl{eHHe
!'!.Eo HalIpaBneHo BLIOJIb BeKTopa (; (CM. pHC. 6.33, 6), TO perYJIMpyeTCH TOJIb-
KO peaKTHBHaH MOIl{HOCTb Q.
Ha lIpaKTHKe. peaJIH3YIOTCH CHCTeMbI, 06eClIeqHBaIOIIIHe aBTOMaTH'IeCKOe
perYJIHpoBaHHe B036Yj[()J;eHHH ACM H He3aBHCHMoe perynHpOBaHHe aKTHBHOH
H peaKTHBHoH MOIl{HOCTeH B onpe.u;eJIeHHbIX npe,ll;enax HllH, npH He06xo,ll;HMO-
CTH, HX lIOMepJKaHHe Ha 3a,ll;aHHOM ypOBHe. ECJIH, HalIpHMep, aKTHBHaH MOIII-
HOCTb ,lI;OnJKHa lIOMepJKHBaTbCH HeH3MeHHOH (P = PROM = const), a BpaIl{aIOIl{HH
MOMeHT lIpHBo.u;Horo )J;BHraTenH H3MeHHeTCH, TO lIPH perYJIHpOBaHHH TOKa B03-
6YJK,lI;eHHH H3MeHHeTCH yrJIOBaH CKOpOCTb BpaIl{eHHH pOTopa:
1
o.p = T J(M np - M 3M )dt. (6.32)
1"1
III
I
III
;1
:1
I
I,"
I" I
II I
II
I !I I
,II
I II
"'Eo E"
'" 0
Eo "'EO I
I .-
'Ct
I :<1
I Eo I
PHC. 6.33. BeKTopHLIe
I H3rp3MMLJ ACr "PH
I peryJIHpOB3HHH MO Ho-
I ",E CTeH
I
l'.P Po
l'.P
a
, 111 I
Iii
lit! Ii I
ACMHXPOHM3MpOBaHHbie CMHXpOHHble MaWMHbl
345
IIp11 3TOM pOTOp TOpM03HTCH HnH YCKopJleTCH B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT pa3HO-
CTH MOMeHTOB, o.u;HaKO B ceTb BbI,lI;aeTCH (B peJKHMe reHepaTopa) HJI11 H3 CeTH
lIOTpe6nHeTCH (B peJKHMe ,lI;BHrarenH) lIOCTOHHHaH aKTHBHaH MOIl{HOCTb.
TaKHM 06pa30M, 6JIaro,ll;apH TOMY, qTO yrJIOBbIe CKOpOCTH Bpam eHHH pO-
Topa OR 11 MarnHTIIOro lIOJIH CTaTopa 01 B .u;aHHOH MaruHHe OKa3bIBaIOTCH «pa3-
BH3aHHbIMH», CTaHOBHTCH B03MOJKHbIM lIOMepJKaHHe lIOCTOHHCTBa qaCTOTbI
HarrpHJKeHHH cr He3aBHCHMO OT qaCTOTbI BpaIIIeHHH pOTOpa, TO eCTb C03.u;aHHe
reHepaTopa cTa6HJIbHOH qaCTOTbI lIPH nepeMeHHOH qaCTOTe BpaIIIeHHH BaJIa.
Ha pHC. 6.34 lIpHBe,ll;eHa
IjJYHKU110HaJIbHaH cxeMa ACM
.u;M 06IIIero cnyt:!aH perYJIHpO-
BaHIUI [99]. B Hee BXOp;HT: c06- 8
CTBeHHO 3JIeKTpHqeCKaJI MaruH-
Ha 1 C 06bI'IHbIM TpexljJa3HbIM
cTaTopoM H HeJIBHOnOn cHbIM
HJIH HBHOlIOJIIOCHbIM pOTOpOM,
BbIBO,ll;bI ,lI;BYX HllH Tpex ljJa3 KO-
Toporo no.u;coe.u;HHeHbI K KOH-
TaKTHbIM KOJIbUaM; B036y.u;H-
reJIb 2, lIpe,ll;CTaBJIHIOIl{HH co-
60H B 06IIIeM cnyqae MHoro-
IjJa3HbIH peBepcHBHbIH BbmpH-
MHTenb (npe06pa30BaTeJIb qac-
TOTbI); HCTOqHHK lIHTaHHH lIpe-
06pa30BarenH 3 11JIH 4; perynH- PHC. 6.34. <DYHKLlHOH3JILHaH cxeM3 ACM
TOp 5, 1jJ0pMHPYIOIIIHH Tpe6ye-
MbIH 3aKOH perynHpoBaHHH TOKa B036YJK.u;eHHH; pa3nnqHbIe ,lI;aT'IHKH - yrJIOBOrO
lIOJIOJKeHHH pOTopa 6, HanpJlJKeHHH 7, TOKOB HKOpH 8 H B036Yj[()J;eHHH 9. B cxe-
Me He3aBHcHMOro B036yj[()J;eHHH HClIOJIb3yeTcH BClIOMoraTenbHaH CHHXpOHHaH
ManrHHa 4, B cxeMe CaMOB036Yj[()J;eHHH - TpaHcljJopMaTop 3.
)J:nH aCHHxpoHH3HpoBaHHoH MalliHHbI B036y,ll;HTenb 2 .u;OJIJKeH 6bITb He-
npeMeHHo peBepcHBHbIM (qHCnO ero BbIXO.u;HbIX ljJa3 paBHO qHcny 06MOTOK
B036YJKLIeHHH MaruHHbI), a perynHTOp B036YJK,lI;eHHH 5 ,lI;OJIJKeH .u;olIycKaTb pa-
60TY KaK C CHHXPOHHOH, TaK H C HecHHxpoHHOH qaCTOTOH BpaIIIeHHH.
CJIOJKHOCTb CHCTeMbI B036Yj[()J;eHHH OlIpe,ll;eJIHeTCH 60JIbllIHM KOJIMqeCT-
BOM H CJIOJKHOCTbIO THpHCTOpHOro 060py.u;OBaHHH, nOBbIllIeHHeM Tpe60BaHHH K
CHCTeMe ynpaBJIeHHH THpHcTopaMH. CHCTeMa aBTOMaTHqeCKOro peryJIHpOBa-
HHH B036YJK.u;eHHH lIO cpaBHeHHIO C Tpa,ll;HUHOHHbIM «CHllOBbIM perYJIHpOBaHH-
eM» CHHXPOHHbIX MalliHH KJIaCCH'-IeCKOrO THlIa TaKJKe HeCKOJIbKO yCJIOJKHHeTCH
3a CqeT y)J;BOeHHH KaHaJIOB ynpaBJIeHHH H COOTBeTCTByIOIl{erO YBeJIHqeHHH KO-
JIH'-IeCTBa 3JIeKTpOHHOH alIlIapaTypbI. Bce 3TO lIpe,u;'bHBJIHeT lIOBbJnreHHbIe Tpe-
60BaHHH K pa60TOclIoC06HOCTH H Ha,ll;eJKHOCTH Bcex y3noB.
I'
ACMHXpOHM3MpOBaHHbie CMHXpOHHble MaWMHbl
347
346
rnaBa 6. 5eCKOHTaKTHbie reHepaTOpbl nepeMeHHoro
TOKa C 3neKTpOMarHMTHbiM B036YJICAeHMeM
I:
'i I
II
6.6.2. ACHHXpOHH3HpoBaHHbIH reHepaTop }.1JIH B3C
TIpHHUHnHaJIbHaH 3JIeKTpHqeCKaH cxeMa B3Y «rpoBHaH-l» lIpe,ll;CTaBJIe-
Ha Ha pHC. 6.35, a CTPYKTypHaH cxeMa perYJIHpOBaHHH aCHHxpoHH3HpoBaHHoro
reHepaTOpa - Ha pHC. 6.36.
C nOHBJIeHHeM Ha,ll;eJKHbIX qaCTOTHbIX lIpe06pa30BaTeneH KOHCTPYKTOPbI
CTaJIH C03,l1;aBaTb aBTOHOMHbIe 3JIeKTpoMaruHHHoBeHTHnbHbIe 6eCKOHTaKTHbIe
reHeparopbI cTa6HnbHoH qaCTOTbI [35, 44, 45, 99, 115]. IIpH 3TOM B CHCTeMe
3JIeKTporeHep11pOBaHHH BeTp03JIeKTpHqeCKOH YCTaHoBKH 06eCUeqHBaeTCH BbI-
COKaH cTa6HnbHocTb H TOqHOCTb lIO)l;)J;epJKaHHH lIapaMeTpoB 3JIeKTp03HeprHH
(qacroTa, aMlIJIHTY,lI;a, 1jJ0pMa H CHMMeTpHH HanpHJKeHHH) npH nepeMeHHoH
qaCTOTe BpaIIIeHHH BeTpoTyp6HHbI. TIpHMepaMH yClIeruHoro lIpHMeHeHHH aCHH-
XpOHH3HpoBaHHblx reHepaTopoB B CHCTeMax HeTpa)I;HUHOHHOH 3HepreTHKH HB-
JIHIOTCH reHepaTop MOIl{HOCTbIO 400 KBT flTI30 «3JIeKTpOCHJIa», YCTaHOBJIeH-
HbIH Ha KHCJIOry6cKoH lIpHJIHBHOH 3JIeKTpOCTaHUHH, H reHepaTop IjJHpMbI
«CHMeHc» MOIl{HOCTbIO 4,5 MBT, YCTaHOBJIeHHbIH B B3Y «rpoBHaH-l».
KOHCTPYKTHBHO 3TH MaIIIHHbI MaJIO
OTJIHqaIOTCH OT aCHHxpOHHoro .u;B11raTenH C
ljJa3HbIM pOTOpOM H pa60TaIOT B reHepaTOp-
HOM peJKI1Me co CKOpOCTHM11 BPalUeHHH, OT-
JIHqaIOIl{HMHCH OT CHHXpOHHOll Ha ::1:30%. B
lIepBoM cnyqae 6JIaro.u;apH B03MOJKHOCTH
perYJIHpoBaHHH qaCTOTbI BpaIIIeHHH KTI)J:
rH,lI;pOarperaTa B03pacTaeT Ha 5 - 6 % 3a
CqeT 06eClIeqeHHH OlITHManbHoro peJKI1Ma
pa60TbI H, KaK CJIe,ll;CTBHe, 3HaqHTenbHoro
YBeJIHqeHHH KIIJJ: rH,lI;pOTyp6HHbI.
«rpOBHaH- b - B3Y 6allieHHoro THna
C rOpH30HTaJIbHOH OCbIO BpaIl{eHHH. CTaTop
ACr lIO,ll;KnIOqeH Henocpe.u;cTBeHHo K ceTH
lIepeMeHHoro TOKa, a TpexljJa3HbIH pOTOp
nHTaeTCH OT T11pHCTOpHoro TpexljJa3Horo
peBepCHBHoro BbmpHMHTeJIH (lIpe06pa30Ba-
Teml qaCTOTbI), COe,ll;HHeHHOro C CeTbIO qe-
pe3 comaCYIOIl{He TpaHcljJopMaTopbI (pHC.
6.35).
IIpH HClIonb30BaHHH aCHHxpoHH3H-
pOBaHHbIx reHepaTopoB B CHCTeMe B3Y
3HeprHH pe3KHX lIOpbIBOB BeTpa He lIepe,ll;a-
eTCH Henocpe.u;CTBeHHO B ceTb, a 3anacaeTCH
B MaXOBbIX Maccax YCTaHOBKH, qTO CHHJKa-
PHC. 6.35. llpHHI.\HnHaJlbHaH cxe-
eT MeXaHHqeCKHe HarpY3KH, CrJIaJKHBaeT
Ma B3Y «rpOBHaH-h>
TOJIqKH MOIl{HOCTH H cTa6uJIH3HpyeT '-IaCTO-
,I!
; l
II
!'
/1
'11,1
': II
'
! I
TY BpaIIIeHHH YCTaHOBKH.
6
7
PHC. 6.36. CTpYKTYpHaH cxeMa peryJlHpoBaHHH reHepaTopa B3Y ''rpoBHaH-I'':
1- cemb; 2 - 6HelUHRR 3aU(uma; 3 - 6/10K ynpa6JIeHllR; 4 - 6/10K KOHmpO/lR; 5 -
6HympeHHRR 3OU(uma; 6 - CUZHW/ om ,)amllUKa aKmU6HOU MOU(Hocmu; 7 -
ozpaHullume.nu nwK06 6036Y3IC/)eHUR; 8 - CUZHW/ om ,)amlluKa peaKmu6Hou MOU(-
Hocmu; 9 - pezY/lRmop K03t}JtjJUqueHma MOU(Hocmu; 10 - pezY/lRnwp HanpR3ICeHuR;
11 - 6/10K ycmaH060K aKmU6HOU MOU(Hocmu U pezY/lRmopa cKopocmu; 12 - pezy-
/lRmOp aKmU6HOU MOU(Hocmu; 13 - zeHepamop; 14,15,16 - pezY/lRmopbl tjJa3HblX
nwK06; 17 - qUtjJP060U maxoMemp
CxeMa perYJIHpOBaHHH aCHHxpOHH3HpoBaHHoro reHepaTopa 1jJ0pMHPyeT
qaCTOTY, aMUJIHTY,lI;Y H ljJa3Y roKOB, lIpOTeKalOIl{HX B o6MoTKax B036YJK,lI;eHHH.
IIpH 3TOM 06eCneqHBalOTCH nOCTOJlHCTBO qaCTOTbI 3JJ:C JlKOpHOH 06MOTKH, He-
3aBHCHMOe perynHpoBaHHe yrJIOBOH CKopOCTH H peaKTHBHOH MOIl{HOCTH. IIpH
CKOpOCTH BeTpa, MeHbIIIeH HOMHHaJIbHOH, yrJIOBaSi CKOpOCTb BpaIIIeHuH pOTopa
B3Y perYJIHpyeTcJI no 3a,ll;aHHOH xapaKTepHCTHKe. TIpH CKOpOCTH BeTpa,
60JIbIIIeH HOMHHaJIbHOH, pa60TaIOT KaK perYJIHrop MallIHHbI, TaK H perYJIHTOp
yma lIOBopOTa JIOlIaCTeH BeTpoKOJIeCa, C TeM, qTo6bI Cpe,ll;HHe 3HaqeHHH yrno-
BOll CKOpOCTH H MOIl{HOCTH OCTaBaJIHCb nOCTOJlHHbIMH. PerYJIHTOp B036YJK,lI;e-
HHH cHa6JKeH TaKJKe orpaHHqHTenHMll MHHHMaJIbHOro H MaKCHMaJIbHOrO 3Ha-
qeHHH TOKa B036YJK.u;eHHH. BeJIH B pe3YJIbTaTe HenOJIa,ll;OK B CHCTeMe perYJIHpo-
BaHHH yrJIOBaH CKOpOCTb BpaIIIeHHH pOTopa BO BpeMH pa60TbI lIpeBbICHT Bepx-
HIOIO rpaHHUY, ro 06MOTKa B036YJK.u;eHHH OTKJIIOqHTCH OT B036Y,ll;HTeJIH H 3aMK-
HeTCH Ha aKTHBHoe COlIpOTHBJIeHHe. MaruHHa nepeH,lI;eT B peJKHM aCHHxpOHHo-
1'0 reHepaTopa H pOTOp 3JIeKTpHqeCKH 3aTopM03HTCH.
l'
I
Iii
I' I
'i l
I,
I
11,111
II j
I
I
,I
II'
1
;'11
,II
II
ACMHXpOHM3MpOBaHHbie CMHXpOHHble MaWMHbl
349
348
rnaBa 6. 6eCKOHTaKTHbie reHepaTopbl nepeMeHHoro
TOKa C 3neKTpOMarHMTHbiM B036Y>KAeHMeM
u = [ RZ If/ +On If/ ] + TmnLZ x
kx K T L Ix n ly
mn'-1Z Z Kmn L 12
{ R d lf/ dlf/l } ( L' )
X --2----.k+O p --L + 1 +--1. U .
LZ dt n dt L" x'
L [ R ] T L
U = Z --2 1f/ + On If/ + mn Z X
fry K T L ly n Ix
mn'-1Z Z Kmn L 12
X { Rz dlf/ly -Op dIf/IX } ,
Lzdt ndt
B ueJIOM CHCTeMa perYJIHpOBaHHH BeTpOKOJIeCa H reHepaTOpa B3Y
«rpoBHaH-l» BbIIIOJIHHeT CJIe)J;yIOIIIHe 3a,ll;aqH:
- lIYCK, pa3rOH H OCTaHOBKY B3Y B HOpMaJIbHbIX H aBapHHHbIX YCJIOBH-
- cTa6HJIH3aUHIO qaCTOTbI BpaIIIeHHH pOTOpa B reHepaTOpHbIX peJKHMaX;
- OrpaHHqeHHe MOIl{HOCTH lIPH llITOpMOBbIX lIOpbIBaX BeTpa;
- OlITHMH3aUHIO OT.u;aqH MOIIIHOCTH B peJKHMaX C HelIOJIHOH HarpY3KOH;
- CrJIaJKHBaHHe KOJIe6aHHH 3JIeKTpH'-leCKOH MOIl{HOCTH lIPH lIOpbIBHCTOM
BeTpe.
BpaliialOIl{HH MOMeHT BeTpmyp6HHbI 3aBHCHT OT YCJIOBHH 06TeKaHHH
lIpOIjJHJIH Kpbma, OlIpe.u;eJIHeMbIX K031jJljJHUHeHTOM HClIonb30BaHHjJ 3HeprnH
BeTpa B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT K031jJljJHuHeHTa 6bICTPOXO.u;HOCTH Z , T.e. C p = I(z), KO-
TOpbIH OlIpe.u;enHeT KTIJJ: lIpe06pa30BaHHH 3HeprHH BeTpa (p11C. 6.37).
0,5 , MOIUHOCTb BeTpo-
( f' ryp6HHbI 3aBHCHT TaKJKe OT
04
. yrna yCTaHoBKH JIOlIaCTeH
o. (2 - 20° Ha KpHBbIX c; =
/(z)). Bo IjJJIIOrHpYlOllieM
lIOJIOJKeHHH (yron 90°) OT-
60p MOIl{HOCTH OT BeTpOKO-
JIeca He3aBHC11MO OT CKOpO-
CTH BeTpa OCTaeTCH paBHbIM
HyJIIO. HaHnyqruHH KTI)J:
BeTpOTyp6HHbI lIPH pa60Te
C MaJIbIM yrJIOM YCTaHOBKH
JIOnaCTeH H OnTHMaJIbHOH
qaCTOTOH BpaIIIeH11H. PeJKHM
C OlITHMaJIbHbIM KIIJJ:
(nYHKTHpHaH JIHHHH Ha pHC.
6.37) HBJIHeTCH 06H3aTeJIb-
HbIM, lIocKonbKY npH HeM 3HaqHTeJIbHO YJIyqruaeTcH 3HeprOOT,lI;aqa npH He-
60nbIIIHX CKOpOCTHX BeTpa, COOTBeTCTBYlOIIIHX HelIonHOH HarpY3Ke. I1MeHHo
3Ta 3a,ll;a'Ia Tpe6yeT OT aCHHXpOHH3HpOBaHHoro reHeparopa ClIoc06HOCTH pa60-
TaTb C H3MeHHIOIl{eHCH qaCTOTOH BpaIIIeHHH.
B pa60Te [126] OlIHcaHbI CaMOHacTpaHBalOIl{HeCH perYJIHTOpbI .u;nH CHC-
TeM aBTOMaTHqeCKOH cTa6HJIH3aUHH lIapaMeTpoB BbIXo.u;Horo HalIpHJKeHHH aB-
TOHOMHbIX B3Y Ha OCHOBe ACr H lIOKa3aHa B03MOJKHOCTh lIOMepJKHBaTb 3a-
,lI;aHHbIe 3HaqeHHH HanpHJKeHHJI 11 qaCTOTbI BbIpa6aTbIBaeMoH 3HeprHH npH
60nbruoM .u;HalIa30He H3MeHeHHH CKOpOCTH BpaIIIeHHH pOTopa (OT 0,5 .u;o 1,5
CHHXpOHHOH), a TaKJKe lIpHBe,ll;eHbI yrrpoIIIeHHbIe ypaBHeHHH TaKHX perynHTo-
pOB, KOTopbIe .u;nH npoeKUHH HanpHJKeHHH, BbIpa6aTbIBaeMbIx perYJIHTOpaMH,
HMeIOT BH,u;
HX;
o
o.
41
o
PHC. 6.37. KpHBLIe 3aBHCHMOCTH KmcJIcJIHl\HeHT3
HCnOJIb30B3HHH 3HeprHH BeTp3 OT K03cJ1cJ1Hl\HeHT3
CKOpOCTH (ObICTpOXO.lIHOCTH) H yrJI3 YCT3HOBKH
JIOn3CTeH B3Y "rpoBH3H-I"
(6.33)
(6.34)
rIle R, '1', L - aKTHBHoe COlIpOTHBJIeHHe, lIOToKOCuelIJIeHHH HH)J;yKTHBHOCTH H
B3aHMHaH HH)l;yKTHBHOCTb cTaropHoH H pOTOpHOH 06MOTOK, a TaKJKe HHlI.YK-
T11BHOCTb HarpyJKH; Kmn, T mn - K031jJljJHUHeHT lIepe,ll;aqH H lIOCTOHHHaH BpeMe-
H11 T11pHCTOpHoro lIpe06pa30BaTeJIH; n - yrJIOBaH CKOpOCTb BpaIl{eHHH pOTopa;
P n - qHCJIO lIap lIOJIIOCOB.
<:DopMHpOBaHHe CHrHaJIOB ynpaBJIeHHH peaJIH3yeTcH C lIOMOIl{bIO IjJYHK-
UHOHaJIbHOH cxeMbI, lIoKa3aHHoH Ha pHC. 6.38.
CTarop ACr pa60TaeT Ha
TpexljJa3HYlO HarpyJKY. HalIpHJKeHHe
B ero POTOPHYIO 06MOTKY lIO,ll;aeTCJI
OT THpHcTopHoro lIpe06pa30BaTenH
m, KOTOpbIH lIonyqaeT lIHTaHHe OT
aKKYMynHTopHoH 6aTapeH AI>. B
lIpouecce pa60TbI B3Y 6aTapeH lIO,ll;-
3apJlJKaeTCH qepe3 BbIIIpHMHTeJIb B.
I13MepeHHbIe cOOTBeTCTBYIOIl{HM11
,lI;aTqHKaMH roKa JJ:T H HalIpHJKeHHH
JJ:H 3Ha'IeHHH TpexljJa3HbIx roKOB I 1a ,
lIb, lIe H HanpHJKeHHH U 1a , U1b, U 1e
CTaTOpa 6JIOKOM BbIqHCJIeHHH Tery-
Il{HX lIepeMeHHbIX EBTTI, KOTOpbrH
lIpe.u;CTaBnHeT C060H .u;Ba lIpe06pa30-
BaTeJIH KOOp.u;HHaT TIKI H TIKz, npe06pa3YIOTCH B HX lIpOeKIJ;HH Ha OCH KOOPIlH-
HaT x H y. I1HljJopMaUHH, lIOJIyqeHHaH Ha BbIXO,ll;e EBTII, lIOCTYlIaeT B 6JIOK pe-
rYJIHTOpOB lIepeMeHHbIX EPTI. B 3TOT JKe 6JIOK lIo.u;aeTCH OT TaxoreHepaTopa Tr
HHljJopMaUHJI 0 qaCTOTe BpaIl{eHHH pOTopa n, a TaKJKe 3a,ll;aIOIIIHH CHrHan U 3X ,
OlIpe,ll;eJIHIOIIIHH 3HaqeHHe BbIXO,ll;HOrO HalIpHJKeHHH B3Y. I1ClIOJIb3YH lIO-
nyqeHHbIe .u;aHHbIe, EPTI 1jJ0pMHpyeT YlIpaBnHIOIl{He CHrHaJIbI U kx H Uky B COOT-
UiaU1BUtc
3-220B
PHC. 6.38. <l>YHKl\HOH3JIbH3H cxeM3 C3-
MOH3CTP3HB31OIl\euCH CHCTeMbI CT30H-
JIH3aUHH H3npH:lKeHHH B3Y C ACr
:111
350
rnaBa 6. 5eCKOHTaKTHbie reHepaTopbl nepeMeHHoro
TOKa C 3neKTpoMarHMTHbiM B036y>KAeHMeM
ACMHXpOHM3MpOBaHHbie CMHXpoHHble MaWMHbl
351
BeTCTBHH co CTPYKTYPHOH cxeMoH H ypaBHeHuHMH (6.33, 6.34). 3TH CHrnanbI
.6JIOKOM BblqHCJIeHHH 3a,ll;aHHbIX nepeMeHHbIX EB3TI lIpe06pa3yroTCH B Tpex-
ljJa3HbIe lIepeMeHHble YlIpaBJIHIOIl{He HalIpHJKeHHH THpHCTopHoro npe06-
pa30BaTeJIH U 233 , U 2B3 ' U 2C3 C Tpe6yeMbIMH aMlIJIHTy.u;OH H qaCTOTOH. YrOJI cP
MeJK.u;y OCHMH CTaTopa H pOTopa Acr H3MepHeTCJI C lIOMOIIIbIO BpaIIIaIOIIIerOCH
TpaHcljJopMaTOpa BT.
B pa60Te [126] lIpHBe,ll;eHbI
pe3YJIbTaTbI MaTeMaTH'IeCKOrO MO-
lleJIHpOBaHHH reHepaTopa B3Y C
cHHTe3HpoBaHHbIM caMoHacrpaH-
BaIOIl{HMCH perYJIHTOpOM. I1ccJIe.u;o-
BaHHH BbIIIOJIHeHbI Ha aCHHxpOHHOM
,lI;BHraTene C ljJa3HbIM pOTOpOM Map-
KH MTF 111-6 MOIIIHOCTbIO 3,2 KET
H lIpe.u;cTaBJIeHbI Ha pHC. 6.39, r.u;e
l{HljJpOH 1 0603HaqeH lIepexo.u;HbIH
t lIpouecc B CHCTeMe C paccMoTpeH-
c HbIM perYJIHTOpOM, a UHIjJPOH 2 - B
CHCTeMe C THnOBbIM cTaUHoHapHbIM
perYJIHTOpOM. B HaqanbHbIH MOMeHT
BpeMeHH ACr pa60TaeT B peJKHMe
xonocToro XO,ll;a, a Ha perYJIJlTOp
nO,ll;aeTCH cTYlIeH'-laTbIH BXO,ll;HOH
CHrnan U 3X , onpe,ll;eJIHIOIl{HH aMllJIH-
TY,lI;Y BbIXO,ll;HOro HanpHJKeHHH B3Y. B MOMeHT BpeMeHH t = lc lIO,ll;KJIIOqaeTCH
HOMHHanbHaH KOMlIJIeKCHaH HarpY3Ka, a B MOMeHTbI BpeMeHH t = 1,5 H 2 C Ha-
rpY3Ka CKaqK006pa3Ho H3MeHHeTCJI. KaK BH,u;HO, lIpHMeHeHHe caMoHacTpaH-
BaIOIl{erOCH perYJIHTOpa 60JIee qeM B 3 pa3a YMeHblliaeT aMnnHTY)J;y KOJIe6aHHH
HarrpHJKeHHH H BpeMH nepexollHbIX npoueccoB, qTO 3HaqHTeJIbHO lIoBbIruaeT Ka-
qeCTBO cTa6HJIH3aUHH BbIXO,ll;HOrO HalIpJlJKeHHH B3Y. I13MeHeHHe qaCTOTbI
BpaIIIeHuH pOTopa ACr B npe.u;eJIax OT 500.u;0 1500 06/MHH npHBo.u;HJIO K KOJIe-
6aHHHM BbIXO,ll;HOrO HalIpHJKeHHH B npe,ll;eJIax 0,5 B. TaKHM 06pa30M, OlIHcaH-
HbIe B pa60Te [126] caMoHacTpaHBaIOIl{HeCH perYJIHTOpbI MOryT 6bITb 31jJ1jJeK-
TI1BHO HCnOJIb30BaHbI B aBTOHOMHbIX B3Y C ACr pa3JIH'IHOH MOIl{HOCTH.
1,1
UB
400
300
I I III
100
Joo
2.0
:1
'I
II
(I
1,5
1.0
PHC. 6.39. IIepexoJJ.HbIe upou:eCCbI UpH
H3MeHeHHH Harpy:JKH ACr B CHCTeMe C
caMoHacTpaHBalOwHMcH peryJJHTOpOM H
6e3 Hero
III
III
IIIII!
11111"
4
,lI;eHCTBHH B pa3HOHMeHHOnOJIIOCHOM HH,u;YKTOPHOM reHepaTope.
5. IIpHBe,ll;HTe MarHHTHYIO xapaKTepHCTHKY H xapaKTepHCTHKY XOJIOCTOrO
xo.u;a CHHxpoHHoro HH)l;yKTopHoro reHepaTopa.
6. OnHlliI1Te YCTPOHCTBO cr C Korre06pa3HbIMH lIonIOcaMH.
7. IIoHcHHTe npHHUHlI lIocTpoeHHH ECr C Korre06pa3HbIMH lIOJIIOCaMH C
BHelliHe3aMKHYTbIM MarHHTHbIM nOTOKOM.
8. IIoHcHHTe lIPHHUI1lI lIocTpoeHHH ECr C Korre06pa3HbIMH lIOJIIOCaMH C
BHYTpH3aMKHYTbIM MarHHTHbIM lIOTOKOM.
9. OlIHlliHTe YCTPOHCTBO ECr cepHH CrBM .u;nH B3Y IjJHPMbI «BeTp03H».
10. IIoHcHHTe pa60TY 6nOKa aBTOMaTHKH Ecr cepHH CrBM.
11. PaCCKaJKHTe lIPHHUHlI lIocTpoeHHH ECr C COBMeIl{eHHbIMH 06MOTKaMH.
12. If306pa3HTe 06Il{yIO cxeMY cOBMeIIIeHHOH cTaTopHoH 06MOTKH.
13. I1306pa3HTe CTPYKrypHYIO cxeMY perYJIHTOpa HalIpHJKeHHH ECr AIfP-
90. PaCCKaJKHTe npHHUHn ee pa60TbI.
14. TIpHBe.u;HTe B03MOJKHbIe cxeMbI COe,ll;HHeHHH ljJa3 06MOTKII HKOpH H 06-
MOTKH B036YJK,lI;eHHH HH,u;YKTOpHOro ECr.
15. PaccKaJKHTe lIPHHUHlI ,lI;eHCTBHH ECr C H3MeHHIOIl{eMCH CTpYKrypOH
06MOTKH B036YJK.u;eHHH.
16. IIoHcHHTe - lIPHHl{HlI .u;eHCTBHH aCHHxpOHH3HpoBaHHoro CHHXpOHHOro
reHepaTopa.
17. If306pa3HTe BeKTopHbIe .u;HarpaMMbI ACr lIPH perYJIHpOBaHHH aKTHB-
HOH H peaKTHBHoH MOIl{HOcTeii.
18. If306pa3HTe lIpHHUHlIHanbHYIO cxeMY B3Y «rpOBHaH».
19. PaCCKaJKHTe npHHUHlI pa60TbI caMoHacTpaHBaIOIl{eHCH CHCTeMbI cTa6H-
JIH3aUHH HalIpHJKeHHH B3Y C ACr.
KOHTpOJIbHble BonpoCbl
1. OnHllIHTe 06Il{HH'lIpHHUHn nOCTpoeHHJI 6eCIl{eTOqHbIX CHHXPOHHbIX
reHeparopoB (ECr).
2. OnHlliHTe npHHUHn .u;eHcTBHH HH)l;yKTopHoro reHepaTopa.
3. If306pa3HTe KOHCTpYKTHBHYIO cxeMY H olIHruHTe IjJH3H'IeCKlIe B3aHMO-
.u;eHCTBHH B o.u;HOHMeHHononIOCHOM HH,u;YKTOPHOM reHepaTope.
4. If306pa3HTe KOHCTpYKTHBHYIO cxeMY H onHruHTe 1jJ1I3HqeCKHe B3aHMO-
n'l)
III
'II
{II
II
: I
'i II
I
i i I
II I1
I
:' 1 1 '1 I
I!I
I! II
Ii!
1
I,
I
III
,III
Ii
;Ii
1 III I
: 1111
352
npMnO>KeHMJI
353
3aK11IO'IeHMe
nPHJIO:JKEHHH
llPHMEPbI HCllOJlb30BAHHH rEHEPATOPOB PA3JIHQHbIX
THllOB B BETP03JIEKTPHQECKHX YCTAHOBKAX
IIpHJIoJKeHHe 1
3aKJIIOIJeHHe
COBpeMeHHbIe BeTpoycTaHoBKH HBJIHIOTCH CJIOJKHbIMH KOMIIJIeKCaMH,
B6HpaIOIl{HMH B ce6H HOBeHnIHe .u;OCTHJKeHHH B pa3BHTHH HayqHo-
TeXHHqeCKOrO rrporpecca. I1x ,lI;aJIbHeHruee cOBepweHcTBoBaHHe, ynY'IWeHHe
3HepreTHqeCKHX lIoKa3aTeJIeH TeCHO CBH3aHbI C ypoBHeM npHMeHHeMbIX TeXHO-
norHH, pa3BHTHeM TeopHH, MeTO,ll;OB lIpoeKTHpoBaHHH, cOBeprueHcTBOBaHHeM
a3pO,ll;HHaMHKH, 3JIeKTpOMeXaHHqeCKHX lIpe06pa30BaTeJIeH, CHCTeM YlIpaBJIe-
HHH, perYJIHpOBaHHH H 3aIIIHTbI.
O.u;HOH H3 rJIaBHbIX lIp06JIeM 3Toro lIepclIeKTHBHoro HalIpaBJIeHHH pa3-
BHTHH 3HepreTHKH HBJIHeTCH C03.u;aHHe BbICOK03KOHOMHqHbIX H Ha,ll;eJKHbIX
3JIeKTpHqeCKHX MaWHH, cnoc06HbIX .u;nHTeJIbHO pa60TaTb B HanpHJKeHHbIX .u;H-
HaMH'-IeCKIIX peJKHMaX, lIPH qaCTbIX lIeperpY3Kax, 3neKTpOL\HHaMH'-IeCKHX H
TeMlIepaTypHbIx HalIpHJKeHHHX, He6narOnpHHTHbIX YCJIOBHHX oKPYJKaIOIl{eH
cpe.u;bI. 3T0 Tpe6yeT rJIy60Koro lIOHHMaHHH IjJH3H'IeCKHX lIpoueccoB pa60TbI
B3Y B ueJIOM, 3JIeKTpOMeXaHH'-IeCKoro lIpe06pa30BaHHH 3HeprHH B HX reHepH-
pYIOIIIeH qaCTH H Ha 3TOH OCHOBe - pa3pa60TKa H lIpOH3BO,ll;CTBO 3JIeKTpH'-leCKHX
MaWHH CneUHaJIbHbIX KOHCTpYKUHH H HClIOJIHeHHH .u;nH BeTp03HepreTH'-IeCKIIX
YCTaHoBoK. IIpH 3TOM 06'be,ll;HHHIOIl{HM )l;JIH TaKHX MaWHH HaI160JIee BepOJlTHO
CTaHeT THXoxo.u;Hoe HClIonHeHHe, qTO lI03BOJIHT CHH3HTb ra6apHTbI MYJIbTHn-
JIHKaTOpoB HJIH lIOJIHOCTbIO OTKa3aTbCH OT HHX H TaKHM 06pa30M lIOBbICHTb Ha-
,lI;eJKHOCTb, ,lI;OJIrOBeqHOCTb MallIHH H ynpOCTHTb 06cnYJKHBaHHe B3Y.
B 3TOH CBH3H MOJKHO cljJoPMYJIHpOBaTb OCHOBHbIe 3a,ll;aqH B cOBepweHcT-
BOBaHHH reHepaTopoB.u;JIH B3Y:
· pa3pa60TKa KOHCTpYKUHH MHOrOlIOJIIOCHbIX MarHHTHbIX CHCTeM, 06MO-
TOK H 31jJljJeKTHBHoro OXJIaJK,lI;eHHH npH O,ll;HOBpeMeHHoM CHI1)KeHHH lIoTepb M
ynyqWeHHH Maccora6apHTHbIX lIOKa3aTeJIeH;
· lIpe.u;eJIbHOe lIOBbIweHHe KaqeCTBa H30nHUHH, cOBepweHcTBoBaHHe Tex-
HOJIOrHH H30JIHUHOHHbIX pa60T;
· pa3pa60TKa HOBbIX IIO,ll;IIIIUIHI:!KOBbIX Y3JIOB, npI:!cnOC06neHHblx .D:JIH oco-
6bIX YCJIOBHH 3KclInyaTaUHH H He Tpe6YIOIl{HX ClIeUHaJIbHOrO TeXHH'-IeCKOrO
06cnyJKI1BaHHH;
· C03,l1;aHHe HOBbIX cxeM reHepHpOBaHHH, COqeTaIOIIIHX B ce6e 3JIeKTpOMe-
XaHHqeCKHe H lIOJIYlIPOBO.u;HHKOBbIe lIpe06pa30BaTeJIH 3HeprHI1 C CHCTeMaMH
perYJII1pOBaHHH, ynpaBJIeHHH H 3aIIIIITbI;
· pa3pa60TKa MeTO,ll;OB OlITHMH3aUHOHHbIX paCqeTOB C yqeTOM clIeUHIjJHqe-
CKHX HeCTaUHOHapHbIX peJKHMOB pa60TbI 3THX MaWHH.
B peweHHH 3THX 3a,ll;aq BaJKHaH pOJIb npHHa,ll;neJKHT CneUHaJIHCTaM,
HMeIOIl{HM COOTBeTCTBYIOruyIO lIo.u;rOTOBKY B 06JIaCTH 3neKTpOMexaHHKH, 3JIeK-
TpOHHKH H CHCTeM YlIpaBJIeHHH. TaKOH lIo.u;roroBKe B OlIpe,ll;eJIeHHOH CTelIeHH
6y.u;eT clIoc06cTBOBaTb, MbI Ha,ll;eeMCH, ,lI;aHHbIH yqe6HHK.
rOPI130HTAflbHO-OCEBbIE B3Y
n.l.l. B3Y C aCUHxpOHHblMU zeHepamopOMU
MO eJIb AQ lOOW
TMrr reHepaTopa, MOlIIHOCTb aCMHxpoHHbIll,
0,1 KBT
)J,MaMeTp pOTopa, MaTepMan JIO- 0,9M,
rracTell JIeKCaH
CKOpOCTb BeTpa BKJIIO'Ie-
HlUl!HOMHHaJIbHaH 3,0 wc
MO eJIb VGS
TMrr reHepaTopa, MOlII- aCMHxpOHHbIll,
HOCTb 0,3 KBT
)J,MaMeTp pOTOpa, MaTe- 2,OM,
pMan JIorracTeii aJIIOMHHHii
CKOpOCTb BeTpa BKJIIO'Ie-
HmUHOMHHaJIbHIUI 3,0 wc !9,0 WC
Kana Rotor repNallJUI
Elrnckano
WOCWfl/
MO eJIb 600-S 30KW
TmI reHepaTopa, MOlII- aCMHxpOHHbIii, aCMHxpoHHbIii,
HOCTb 1,5 KBT 30/7,5 KBT
,lJ,MaMeTp pOTopa, MaTe- 2,5 M, epe- 12,9M,
PMaJI JIorracTeii BohrrOKCH,!\ CTeKJIOrrJIaCTIlK
CKOpocTbBeTpaBKJIIO- 3,0 wc! 3,0 wc!
'1eHHH!HOMHHaJIbHIUI 9,0 wc 12,0 wc
PeryJIHpOmtHMe CpLIBOM rrOTO- CpLIBOM rrOTOKa
MOlIIHOCTH Ka
KOHtpOJIb 3a rrpeBLIIIIe- MeXaHM'IeCKHM P)"lHLIM TOpMO-
HHeM 060DOTOB TOpM030M 30M
nepe a'la BYXC1)'IIeH- TpexcryrreH'Ia-
'laTaH TIUI, BMHTOBIUI
L{eHa, HeM. MapKM 8990
I'
I
:1 1
Ii
I
354
npMnO>KeHMfI
npMnO>KeHMfI
1
TIpo.u;OJIJKeHHe rrpHJI. 1
MOJJ.eJIb CURLEW 3KW
TMn reHepaTopa, MOIIl- aCMHXpOHHbrH,
HOCTb 3KBT
.lI:MaMeTp pOTopa, MaTepM- 3,5 M,
8JI JIOnaCTeH CTeKJIOnJIaCTMK
CKOpOCTb BeTpa BKJIlOqe-
HMJI/HOMMH8JIbHM 5,0 wc/13,O wc
KOHtponb 3a rrpeBbllIle- CBOpaqMmlHMeM JIMHMM B8JIa
HMeM 060DOTOB
PervnMDoBaHMe no Bernv naCCMBHoe
TIeDeJJ.aqa rneXCTVneHqaTM BMHTOBaJi
L{eHa, 6pMTaHCKMe clJYHTbI 2995
Energi Services BeJrnKo6pllTaHIIH
Folkecenter
II
MOJJ.enb FLA YR 8
TMn reHepaTOpa" MOIIl- aCMHXpOMHbIH,
HOCTh 5,1 KBT
.lI:MaMeTp pOTopa, MaTepM- 8,OM,
8JI nonaCTeH CTeKnonnaCTliK
CKOpOCTb BeTpa
BKJIlOqeHlIJI/HOMIiH8JIbHM 2,0 MId 9,0 wc
PerVJIHDOBaHlie MOIIlHOCTIi HaKnOHOM OCIi nonaCTIi
KmrrpoJIb 3a npeBbllIleHM- li3MeHeHMeM yrJIa YCTa-
eM 060DOTOB HOBKIi JIOnaCTM
PervJIMDOB!Ume no Berpy naCCMBHoe
TIepe.r:\aqa .r:\BYXCTYneHqaTaJi nJIaHe-
TapHaJi
repMaHHH
MO.r:\enb
Tlin reHepaTopa, MOIIl-
HOCTb
.lI:liaMe'Ip pOTopa, Ma-
Te lian nonaCTeH
CKOpOCTb BeTpa BKnlO-
qeHliJl/HOMliH8JIbHM
PeryJIlipOBaHMe
MOIIlHOCTIi
KOH'lpOJIb 3a npeBbl-
lIleHlieM 060 OTOB
PerynlipoBaHlie no
Be
TIepe.r:\aqa
Mo.zrenb 10 Y 18
TMn reHepaTopa, MOIIlHOCTb aCMHxpoHHblH,
17,7/2,7 rdh
.lI:liaMeTp pOTopa, MaTepM8JI 10M,
JIOnaCTeH CT8JIb
CKOpOCTb BeTpa BKJIlOqe-
HlurlHoMMH8JIbHaJi 4,0 M/c/8,0 M/c
PervJIliPOBaHlie MOIIlHOCTIi V ARCS
KOHtpOJIb 3a npeBbllIleHMeM MeXaHMqeCKliM npMHYAM-
060pOTOB TenbHbIM OTKJIIQqeHMeM
OCIi DOTODa
PervnliPoBaHlie no Bernv naCCHBHoe
TIepe.zr aqa .zrByxcTYneHqaTM KoaKCM-
8JIbHM
I
I
i
II
HH.nepJl3HJJ..bl
Vestas
De long
355
.lI:aHliJi
llpo.u;OJIJKeHHe lIDHJI.
Mo.zrenb DANMARK 11 DANMARK22
Tlin reHepaTopa, MOIIl- aCMHxpoHHbIH, aCMHxpoHHblH,
HOCTb 20/4 KBT 150/30 KBT
.lI:liaMeTp pOTopa, Ma- 11,0 M, 21,8 M, CTeK-
TeDli8JI JIOnaCTeH CTeKnOnJIaCTliK nOnJIaCTliK
CKOpOCTb BeTpa BKJIID-
qeHliJl/HOMMH8JIbHM 4,0 M/c/12,0 M/c 4,0 wc/13,O M/c
PeryJIlipOBaHlie MOIIl- CpbIBOM nOTOKa CpbIBOM nOTOKa
HOCTIi
KOHtponb 3a npeBbl- MeXaHliqeCKliM TOpM030M
lIleHlieM 060POTOB
PeryJIMpOBaHMe no BeT- MeXaHMqeCKOe
PV
TIepeJIaqa JJ.ByxcTyneHqa- tpexcTYneHqa-
TaJI BliHTOBM TM BMHTOBaJi
NTK 55
aCMHxpoHHbIH,
55/11 KBT
16,OM,
CTeKnOIIJ]aCTMK
NTK150
aCMHXpOHHbIH,
150 KBT
20,5M,
CTeKJIOIIJ]aCTMK
4,0 wc/18,0 wc
4,0 MId 18,0 wc
C bIBOM nOTOKa
3M. yrJIa YCTaHOBK
JIOnaCreH
Nordtank
}J;aHi'!JI
JJ.BYXCTYneHqa-
TaJl BliHTOBM
}J;aHI1J1
Mo.zreJIb V20 V25
TMn reHepaTopa, MOIIl- aCliHxpOHHbIH, aCMHxpOHHbIH,
HOCTh 100 KBT 200/30 KBT
.D:naMetp pOTopa, MaTe- 20,OM, 25,OM,
pl18JI nonacTeH CTeKJIOnJIa- CTeKJIOnnaCTliK
CTliK
CKOpOCTb BeTpa BKJIlOqe- 3,6 wc/14,5 M/c 3,8 wc/13.8 M/c
HliJl/HOMliH8JIbHaJi
PerynlipOBaHlie MOIIlHO- CpbIBOM nOTO- HaKJIOHOM OCIi
CHI Ka DOTODa
KOHtponb 3a npeBbIlIle- H3MeHeHlieM yrJIa YCTaHOBKIi
HMeM 060DOTOB JIOnaCTIi
PerVJIHDOBaHlieno BeTOV MeXaHliqeCKOe
TIeDe,/laqa .r:\BVXCTVneHqaTaJI BMHTOBaJi
L{eHa, ,/laT. KPOHbI 602 000 1218000
356
npMnO>KeHMJI
357
npMnO>KeHMJI
'I
I
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I
II
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repMaHJ1>I
IIpo,ll;oJIJKeHHe lIpHJI. 1
n.l.2. B3 Y C 2eHepamOpaMU nocmORHH020 mOKa
MO.L\cnb 255
THn rCHcpaTopa, MOll\- rCHcpaTop nOCTOSlHHoro
HOCTb TOKa,
0,03 KBT
):(HaMcTp pOTopa, MaTcpH- 1,OM,
aJI JIOnaCTCH aJIIOMHHHH
CKOpOCTh BeTpa BKJIIOqC-
HHSl/HOMHHaJIbHaSl 5,0 M/e! 10,0 M/c
PcrYJlHpOBaHHc MOll\HO- V ARCS
CTH
KOIITpOJlb 3a npcBbIllICHH- npHHY)lHTcnbHbIM OTKJIO-
CM 060POTOB HctlHCM OCH pOTopa
PcryJlHpOBaHHC no BCTPY naCCHBHOC
IJ:cHa, )lOJlJlapbI ClllA 290
aCI1HXpOHHbIH,
55 KBT
15,5 M, CTCKJIO-
nJlaCTHK
aCHHxpOHHbIH,
200/200 Kih
34,0 M, CTCKno-
nnaCTHK
Rikan
HOBaSl 3CJIaHJJ;HSI
MO.L\CJlb ADLER 25
THn rCHcpaTopa, MOll\- aCHHxpoHHbIH,
HOCTb 55/45 KBT
)J;HaMcTp pOTOpa, MaTC- 25 M,
PHaJI JlOnaCTCH CTeKnOnJlaCTI-IK
CKOpOCTb BCTpa BKJIIOqc-
HHSlIHOMI1HaJIbHaSl 3,4 M/e! 6,5 M/c
PcrYJlHpOB<lImC MOll\HO- HaKJIOHOM OCH JlOnaCTH
crn
KOHTpOm.. 3a npCBbIllIC- 113MCHCHlICM yrna YCTaHOBKI1
HI1CM 060POTOB JIOnaCTCH
PcrynHpOBaHI1C no Berpy 3J1CKTPHqCCKOC
I1cpC)laqa JIBYXCTynCHqaTaSlBHHTOBaSl
IJ:cHa, HCM. MaPKH 400 000
Bouma
HJf,D,epna hI
MO)lcnb SP31 SP33
THn reHcpaTopa,_ reHcpaTop nOCToSlHHOro TOKa C
MOll\HOCTb nOCTOSlHHbIMI1 MarHlITaMH
0,18 KBT 0,7 KBT
)J;mlMcTp pOTopa, 1,0 M, 2,OM,
MaTCpHaJI nonacTeH aJIIOMHHI1H aJIIOMHHHH
CKOpOCTb BCTpa
BKJIIOqCHHSlI HOMI1- 2,0 M/e! 13,0 M/c 1,8 M/e! 13,0 M/c
HaJIbHaSl
MO)lCnb 20M 50M
THn reHcpaTopa, MOll\- aCI1IIXpOHHblH, aCHHXpoHHblH,
HOCTb 200 KBT 1000 KBT
):(HaMcTp pOTopa, Ma- 20,0 M, CTCKno- 50,0 M, CTCKno-
TePHaJI JlOnacTcH nJlaCTI1K nJlaCTHK
CKOpOCTb BCTpa BKmo-
qCHI1S1IHOMI1HaJIbHaSl 5,0 M/e! 12,0 M/c 6,0 we! 15,0 wc
PcrYJll1pOBaHHc MOll\- CpbIBOM nOTOKa
HOCTH
KOHTpOnb 3a npcBbI- KOHIICBbIM MCXaHH3HpOBaHHbIM pcry-
WCHHCM 060pOTOB Jll1pOBaHHcM; npl1HY)ll1TenbHblM OT-
KJIOHeHHCM OCH POTopa
PcryJlHpOBaHI1C no 3J1CKTpOMCXaHHQCCKOC
BCTPY
I1epC)laQa TpcxcTynCHqaTaJI
BI1HTOBaSl
MO.L\cnb 150.7 11000.9
Tl1n rCHcpaTopa, MOll\- reHcparop nOCTOSlHHoro TOKa C no-
HOCTb CTOSlHHblMH MarHI1TaMH
0,15 KBT 11 KBT
)J;HaMcTp pOTOpa, MaTC- KoMn03HT HaBIITbIH
pHaJI nonacTcH 2,OM 13,OM
CKOpOCTb BCTpa BKJIIO- 3,0 wc/7,0 M/c 12,0 wcl 9,0 M/c
qCHHSl/HOMI1HaJIbHaSl
PcrynHpOBaHHC MOll\HO- HaKJIOHOM OCH nonaCTH
CTH
KOHTpOJIb 3a npCBbIlUC- H3MCHCHI1CM yrJIa YCTaHOBKH nona-
HI1CM 060pOTOB CTH
Proener a
McrramUl
I I
, I
II
II
II
II
358
npMnO>KeHMfI
npMnO>KeHMfI
IIpo.u;onJKeHHe lIpHn. 1
MO.l\eJIb 500W
THn reHepaTopa, MOII:(- reHepaTOp nOCTOSlHHoro
HOCTh TOKa C nOCTOSIHHbIMH Mar-
HHTaMH, 0,5 KBT
)J;HaMeTp poropa, MaTe- 2,1 M,
PHaJI JIOnacTeH .l\eDeBO/3nOKCH,!\
CKOpOCTb BeTpa BKJlIO-
qeHHSl/HOMHHaJIbHIDI 4,0 Mlclll,5 M/c
PerYJIHpOBaHHe MOII:(HO- -
CTH
KOHTpOJIb 3a npeBbIllIe- npHHY.l\HTeJIbHbIM OTKJlO-
HHeM 060POTOB HeHHeMOCHDOTODa
PerYJIHpOBaIme no BeT- naCCHBHoe
DV
fIepe.l\aqa npSIMIDI
IIpo.u;on>KeHHe npHJI. 1
MO.l\eJIb BRISA 500
THn reHepaTopa, MOII:(HOCTb reHepaTop nOCTOSlH-
Horo TOKa, 0,5 KBT
)J;HaMeTp pOTOpa, MaTepHaJI 2,6M,
JIOnaCTeH .l\epeBO
CKOpOCTb BeTpa BKJlIOqe-
HHSl/HOMHHaJIbHIDI 2,5 Mlcl12,5 WC
PervJIHDOBaHHe MOII:(HOCTH CDbIBOM nOTOKa
KOlITpOJIb 3a npeBbIllIeHHeM -
060POTOB
PervJIHPOBaHHe no BeTPY naccHBHoe
MO.l\eJIb 250 lKW
THn reHeparopa, reHepaTop nocToSlHHoro. TOKa C
MOII:(HOCTb nOCTOSlHHbIMH MarHHTaMH
0,25 KBT 1,0 KBT
)J;HaMeTp pOTopa, Ma- 1,7M, 3,OM,
TepHaJI JIOnacTeH KOMn03HT + 3nOKCH.l\ +
.l\epeBO KOMn03HT
CKOpOCTb BeTpa
BKJlIOqeHillIl HOMH- 3,0 MlcllO,O M/c 3,2 Mlcl13,O M/c
HaJIbHIDI
PeryJIl1pOBaHHe HaKJIOHOM OCH no BceH BbICOTe
MOII:(HOCTH JIOnaCTH
PeryJIHpOBaHHe no naCCHBHoe
Bemv
fIeDe.l\aqa npSlMIDI
IJ;eHa, .l\OJIJIaDbI ClllA 1700 2625
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MapOKKO
MO.l\eJIb WSK2
THn reHepaTopa, MOII:(- reHepaTOp nOCTOSlH-
HOCTb Horo TOKa C nOCTOSIH-
HbIMH MarnHTaMH
0,3 KBT
)J;HaMeTp pOTOpa, MaTe- 1,5 M,
PHaJI JIonaCTeH .l\epeBO
CKOpOCTh Be-rpa BKJlIOqe-
HlHl/HOMHHaJIbHIDI 3,6 Mlclll,O M/c
PerYJIHpOBaHHe MOII:(HO- VARCS
CTH
PeryJIHPOBaHHe no BeTPY naCCHBHoe
fIepe.l\aqa npSIMIDI
Southwest
CiliA
MO.l\eJIb 284B
THn reHepaTopa, MOII:(- reHepaTop nOCTOSlHHoro
HOCTb TOKa, 0,5 KBT
)J;HaMeTp pOTopa, MaTe- 2,8M,
DHaJI JIOnaCTeH aJIIOMHHHH
CKOpOCTh BeTpa BKJlIOqe-
HHSl/HOMHHaJIbHIDI 4,0 MlcllO,O M/c
PerYJIlipOBaHHe MOII:(HO- qacTHqHbIM H3MeHeHHeM
CTH llIara
KOHTpOJIb 3a npeBbIllIe- npHHY.l\HTeJIbHbIM OTKJlO-
HHeM 060DOTOB HeHHeM OCH DOTODa
PerYJIHpOBaHHe no BeTpY naCCHBHoe
MO.l\eJIb W450
THn reHepaTopa, MOII:(HOCTb reHepaTop nOCTO-
SlHHoro TOKa,
0,45 KBT
)J;HaMeTp pOTopa, MaTepHaJI 2,4M,
JIOnaCTeH .l\epeBO
CKOpOCTb BeTpa BKJlIOqe-
HHSl/HOMHHaJIbHIDI 5,0 Mlclll,2 M/c
PervJIlfPOBaHHe MOII:(HOCTH CPbIBOM nOTOKa
KOHTpOJIb 3a npeBbIllIeHHeM PyqHbIMH TopM03a-
060DOTOB MH
PerYJIHpOBaHHe no BeTpY naCCHBHoe
Energx
CIIIA
359
Iguiniz
ApreHTHHa
II!:
;1
360
IIpo.u;onJKeH'He IIpHJI. 1
MOJIenb 3 15
THn reHepaTopa, reHepaTop lIOCTOSIHHoro TOKa
MOII1HOCTb 2KBT 5 KBT
)J;HaMeTp pOTopa, 3 M, 6M,
MaTepHall nonacTefi JIeDeBO JIepeBO
CKOpOCTb BeTpa
BKJJIO'leHHSII HOMH- 5,0 Mlc! 10,0 WC 5,0 wcl 10,0 M/c
HallbHIDI
PerynHpoBaHHe no lIaCCHBHoe
BeTPY
I1epeJIa'la lIpS/MIDI
MOJIenb CA 8-10
THn reHepampa, MOII1- reHepaTop nOCTOS/HHoro TOKa
HOCTb C lIOCTOSIHHbIMH MarHHTaMH,
5 KBT
)J;HaMeTp pOTopa, Ma- 7,OM,
TepHall nonacTefi CTeKllOrrnaCTIlK
CKOpOCTb BeTpa
BKllIO'l./HOMHHallbHIDI. 3,5 Mlc! 8,0 WC
PerynHpoBaHHe MOII1- CpblBOM lIOTOKa
HOCTII
KOHTponb 3a npeBbI- KOHueBbIM TOpM030M
llIeHHeM 060POTOB
I1epeJIa'la JIBYXCT)'IIeH'laTaSI,
3mU HKJlli'leCKaH
IJ:eHa, JIOnnapbI CIlIA 26 000
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MapOKKO
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MOJIenb 9FD-1000-11
THlI reHepaTopa, MOII1- reHepaTOp nOCTOS/HHO-
HOCTb ro TOKa, I KBT
)J;HaMeTp pompa, MaTe- 3,4M,
PHall nonacTefi CTeKllonnaCTHK
CKOpOCTb BeTpa BKllIO'le-
HI1SI/HOMHHallbHIDI 2,5 Mlc! 9,0 M/c
PerYJllipOBaHMe MOII1HO- HaKllOHOM OCH nOlIa-
CTH CTH
KOHTponb 3a npeBbIllIe- M3MeHeHI1eM yrna yc-
HHt:M 060POTOB TaHOBKH nonacTH
PervnHDOBaHl1e lIO BeTPV naCCI1BHOe
I1epeJIa'la npSIMaSi
IJ:eHa, JIOnnapbI CIlIA 1200
III
!
Rennexport
<I>paHIlHSI
npMnO>KeHMJI
npMnO>KeHMJI
361
IIpo.u;oJIJKeHHe lIpHJI. 1
MOJIenb
BLACK
Tl1lI reHepaTOpa, MOII1-
HOCTb
Wellington
MOJIenb
Tl1lI reHepaTOpa.. MOII1-
HOCTb
IIM
17M
reHepaTOp lIOCTOS/HHoro TOKa C
nOCTOSIHHbIMI1 MarHHTaMI1
50 KBT 100 KBT
10,8 M, 17 M,
creKllonnaCTHK CTeKllonnaCTHK
4,5 Mlc! II M/c 5,0 Mlc! 12 M/c
C bIBOM lIOTOKa
MeXaHH'leCKHM TOpM030M
npMnO>KeHMJI
npMnO>KeHMJI
363
362
IIpo,ll;onJKeHHe IIpHn. 1
n.l.3. 83 Y C 2eHepamOpaMU nepeMeHH020 mOKa c nocmORHHblMU Ma2HumaMU
IIpo,ll;onJKeHHe lIpHJI. 1
MOJIeJIb AC 1000-H
THn reHepaTOpa, MomHOCTb CHHXpOHHblH reHepaTOp C
nOCTOSIHHbIMH MarnHTaMH,
1,0 KBT
HanDSIJKeHHe 230B
,l.t;HaMeTp pOTOpa, MaTepmlJI 2,4M,
JIOnacTeH GFK
CKOpOCTb BeTpa BKJIlOqe-
HHSI/HOMHHaJIbHaSi 3,0 wc/9,5 wc
l{eHa, HeMel.\KHe MapKH 3965
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MOJIeJIb Top 500
THII reHepaTopa, MOmHOCTb CHHXpOHHbIH reHepa-
TOp C nOCTOSIHHbIMH
MarHHTaMH, 0,5 KBT
HanDSlJKeHHe 12124 B
,l.t;HaMerp pOTopa, MaTepHaJI 2,4M,
JIOnaCTeH GFK
CKOpOCTb BeTpa BKJIlOqe-
HI'lSi/HOMHHaJIbHaSi 3,5 M/c1lO,O M/C
l{eHa, HeMel.\KHe MapKH 5739
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III
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AC IOOO-fl rep"}lHI1.
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top 500 repMaHHH
MOJIeJIb K-lOOO
THTI reHepaTopa, MOm- CHHXpOHHblH reHepaTop C TIO-
HOCTb CTOHHHbIMH MarHHTaMH,
200-53006/MHH, 1,0 KBT
HanDSIJKeHHe 230B
,l.t;HaMeTp pOTOpa, MaTepH- 3,OM,
aJI JIOnaCTeH GFK
CKOpOCTb BeTpa Blalloqe-
HIDI/HOMHHaJIbHIDI 2,5 M/c1lO,O M/C
l{eHa, HeMel.\KHe MapKH 5850
I:
I
Atlantis WB 20
THn reHepaTopa, MOmHOCTb CHHXpOHHbIH reHepaTop
C nOCTOSIHHbIMH MarHHHIMH,
0,6 KBT
HanOSIJKeHHe 24B
,l.t;HaMeTp pOTOpa, MaTepHaJI 2,OM,
JIOnaCTeH GFK
CKOpOCTb BeTpa BKJIlOqe-
HHSI/HOMHHaJIbHIDI 3,0 M/c1lO,O M/C
l{eHa, HeMel.\KHe MapKH 7220
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MOJIeJIb
SG 280
CHHXpOHHblH reHepaTOp C
nOCTOSlHHblMH MarHHTaMH,
1,0 KBT
12/24, 24/48 B
2,88 M,
GFK
MOJIeJIb
THn reHepaTOpa, MOmHOCTb
MOJIeJIb Too 750
THn reHepaTopa, MOmHOCTb CHHXpOHHbIH reHepaTop C no-
CTOSlHHblMH MarHHTaMH,
0,75 KBT
HanOSIJKeHHe 24/48/96 B
,l.t;HaMeTp pOTopa, MaTepHaJI 2,4M,
JIOnaCTeH GFK
CKOpOCTb Berpa BKJIlOqe-
HHSI/HOMHHaJIbHIDI 3,5 M/c111,5 M/C
l{eHa, HeMel.\KHe MapKH 5878
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HanDSIJKeHHe
,l.t;HaMeTp pOTopa, MaTepHaJI JIO-
nacTeH
CKOpOCTb BeTpa BKJIlOqe-
HHWHOMHHaJIbHaSi
l{eHa, HeMel.\KHe MapKH
".
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G Gei g cc repM 1\HHJI
1,5 M/c112,0 M/C
5560
npMnO>KeHMJI
364
npMnO>KeHMJI
365
IIpo,ll;onJKeHHe lIpHJI. 1
IIpo.u;oJIJKeHHe lIpHJI. 1
MO.L\enb W+W3000
THrr reHepaTOpa, MomHOCTb CHHXpOHHblH reHepaTOp C
rrOCTOHHHbIMH MarHHTaMH,
90-280 ofi/MHH,
3,0 KBT
HarrnH)I(eHHe 90-280 B
}J;HaMeTp pOTOpa, MaTepHall 5,12M,
norracTen GFK
CKOpOCTb BeTpa BKJUOqe-
HHH/HOMHHallbHIDI 2,5 Mlel12,0 M/c
IJ:eHa, HeMe KHe MapKH 15873
MO.L\enb SG 500
THrr reHepaTopa, MOmHOCTb CHHXpoHHbIn reHepaTop
C rrOCTOHHHbIMH MarHH-
TaMH, 1500 ofi/MHH,
4,0 KBT
HarrpsDKeHHe 24/48 B,
48/96 B,
1001200 B
}J;HaMeTp pOTOpa, MaTepHall 5,25 M,
norracTen GFK
CKOpOCTb BeTpa BKnlOqe-
HHH/HOMHHallbHIDI 2,5 Mlel12,0 M/c
IJ:eHa, HeMeL(KHe MapKH 16078
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W+W3000
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SG 00 repMaHHx
III
II
,II
I
II
liil
MO.L\eJIb Whisper 3000
THrr reHepaTOpa, MOmHOCTb CHHXpoHHbIn reHepaTOp C
rrOCTOHHHbIMH MarHHTaMH,
450 ofi/MHH, 3,0 KBT
HarrpH)I(eHHe 24/36/48 B,
60/120/240 B
}J;HaMerp pOTOpa, MaTepHall 4,5M,
norracTen GFK
CKOpOCTb BeTpa BKlllOqe-
HHH/HOMHHallbHIDI 3,0 Mlelll ,0 M/c
IJ:eHa, HeMeUKHe MapKH 9895
MO.L\enb A TEV 6(13/19)
THrr reHepaTopa, MOmHOCTb CHHXpoHHbIn reHepaTop.
800-1500ofi/MHH,
6,0 KBT
HannH)I(eHHe 90 400B
}J;HaMerp pOTopa, MaTepHall 6,OM,
norracTen GFK
CKOpOCTh BeTpa BKlllOqe-
HHH/HOMHHaJJbHaH 3,0 MiellO,S M/c
IJ:eHa, HeMeUKHe MapKH 30 000
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MO.L\enb W+W8n
THrr reHepaTOpa, MOm- CHHXpOHHbIn reHepaTOp
HOCTb C rrOCTOHHHbIMH MarHH-
TaMH, 100-280 ofi/MHH,
8,0 KBT
HarrDH)I(eHHe 48-400B
}J;HaMeTp pOTopa, MaTe- 7,OM,
DHan nonaCTen GFK
CKOpOCTb BeTpa BKllIOqe-
HHH/HOMHHallbHaH 3,0 wc/12,0 M/c
I Whisper 4500
I MOlIenb
"-11
",, :J!: .
...;p.
,,,
.'\
THn reHepaTopa, C rrOCTOHHHblMH MarHHTaMI1,
MomHOCTb 450ofi/MI1H,
4,5 KBT
HanpH)I(eHHe 24/36/48 B,
60/120/240 B
}J;HaMeTp pOTopa, MaTepHall 4,5M,
nonacTen GFK
CKOpOCTb Berpa BKlllOqe-
HHH/HOMI1HallbHIDI 3,0 Mlelll,O WC
IJ:eHa, HeMeL(Klie MapKH 12450
'I
./
II!:
,
r... ..;..o.."","'''. ::: ........ : - .-,"
W+W 8/7 repMaHHJI
'SDer4S00r_ ' , ,
366
npMnO>KeHMJI
IIpo.u;oJIJKeHHe IIpHJI. 1
I!II
MO)lenb EWS 8,5/10
TRn reHepaTopa, MOII1HOCTb CRHxpOHHbln reHepaTop C no-
CTOSlHHbIMR MarHIITaMR,
0-13006IMRH, 10,0 KBT
HanpSI)I(eHRe 230/400 B
)J;RaMeTp pOTopa, MaTepRaJI 8,5 M,
nonacTen GFK
CKOpOCTb BeTpa BKllIOqe-
HRSlIHOMRHaJIbHaJI 2,8 MlcllO,O M/c
IJ:eHa, HeMeL(KRe MapKR 58 500
MO)lenb B3r-l0/60
TRn reHepaTopa, MOII1HOCTh CHHXpoHHbIn reHepaTop C
nOCTOSlHHblMR M8rHlITaMR,
0-125 o6/MlIH,
10,0 KBT
HanDSI)I(eHlIe 220B
)J;HaMeTp pOTopa, MaTepRaJI 9,OM,
nonacTen GFK
CKOpOCTb BeTpa BKllIOqe- 3,0 Mlcl9,0 M/c
HRSl/HOMRHaJIbHaJI
I,
I
B3r-IO/60 YKpalt:Ha
MO)lenb YB3 200 YB3 500 YB3 700
TIIn reHepaTopa, MOII1- 0,2 KBT 0,5 KBT 0,7 KBT
HOCTb
HanPIDKeHRe 12 B 24B 12 B
)J;RaMeTp pOTOpa, MaTe- 1,5 M, 2,5 M, 2,3 M,
pRaJI nonacTen nnaCTRK nnaCTRK nnaCTRK
CKOpOCTb Berpa BKnIOqe- 3,0 M/cl 3,0 MlcI 3,0 MlcI
Hlm/HoMRHam.,HaJI 8,5 M/c 7,0 M/c 8,0 M/c
III
Iii
...,...
YB3-500
YKpaHHa
npMnO>KeHMJI
367
IIpo,ll;oJIJKeHHe npHn. 1
n.l.4. B3Y C CUlIXPOllllblMU 2ellepamopaMu
I
I
MO)lenb FD 2-7-150WYC IFD7-8-3
TRn reHepaTopa, MOII1- CRHXPOHHbIH reHepaTOp
HOCTb 0,15 KBT 3,0 KBT
)J;RaMeTp pOTopa, MaTe- 2,OM, 7,OM
DRaJI nonacTen CTeKllonnaCTHK
CKOpOCTb BeTpa BKnIOqe-
HIml HOMlIHanbHaH 3,0 Mlcl7,0 M/c
PerynHpoBaHRe MOII1HO- HaKllOHOM OCR no-
CTH naCTH
KOHTpOnb 3a npeBbIllIe- R3MeHeHReM yrna
HReM 060POTOB YCTIUlOBKH nonacTlI
PervnHDoBaHHe no Beroy naCCRBHoe
I1epe)laqa npHMaJI npSlMaJI
I<nTJlii
Fem,i !l.hchinery
MO)lenb BWlKA BW30KDS
TRn reHepaTopa, MOII1- CRHxpoHHbln, lIH.L\YKL(ROHHbIn,
HOCTb 1,65 KBT 32 KBT
)J;RaMeTp pOTOpa, Ma- 3,2 M, CTeKllonna- 12,5 M, CTeKllO-
TeDRaJI nonacTen CTlll< nnaCTlIK
CKOpOCTb BeTpa BKllIO-
qeHlIH/HOMlIHaJIbHaJI 3,0 Mlcl9,O M/c 3,5 M/c/12,OM/c
PerynRpoBaHRe MOII1- HaKllOHOM OCR no- qacTHqHblM 1I3Me-
HOCTH nacTH HeHReM Illara
KOHTponb 3a npeBbI- 1I3MeHeHReM yrna MeXaHlIqeCKlIM
IlleHReM 060DOTOB VCTaHOBKR nonaCTR TOpMO)l(eHReM
PerynRpoBaHRe no naccRBHoe MeXaHRqeCKOe
Beroy
I1epe)laqa )lBYXCTYneHqaTaHKOaKCRaJIbHaJI
w....1>"t
rpal""
MO)lenb 6M 115M
TRn reHeparopa, MOIll- CIlliXpoHHblH reHepaTOp C R3MeHHeMoH
HOCTh CKOPOCTbIO
1,6 KBT 22,0 KBT
)J;I1aMeTp pOTOpa, Mare- 6,0 M, CTeKno- 15,0 M, CTeKJIOnnacTHK
DHan nonacTen nnaCTIfK
CKOpOCTb BeTpa BKllIOqe-
HHSl/HOMHHanWaH 3,0 M/c/8,0 M/c 3,5M/c/8,OM/c
PeryJIHPOBaHHe MOIl1HO- CpblBOM nOTOKa HaKllOHOM OCR nonBCTH
CTH
KOHTpOnb 3a npeBblllIe- H3MeHeHHeM CKJIa)lbIBBHHeM
HHeM o60poToB yrna YCTBHOBKH
nonBCTH
PervnHDOBaHHe no BeTPY naccHBHoe naCCHBHoe
I1eoeJ\aqB vrnOBaJI vrnoBBSI
JlUO'IIIUI
368
npMnO>KeHMJI
IIpo.u;onJKeHHe npHJI. 1
Bruemmer repMaHHR
MO,lIem, BW08 BW160
THn reHepaTopa, MOII:(- nOCTomIHoro CHHXpOHHblH,
HOCTb TOKa, 30/15 KBT
0,03 KBT
):{HaMerp pOTopa, MaTepHaJI 0,81'1, 15,01'1,
nonacTeH CTaJIb CTaJIb
CKopOCTb BeTpa BKmOqe- 4,0 M/c/ 8,0 M/c 3,0 wc. 8,OM/c
HHJl/HOMHHaJIbHaH
PerynHpoBaHHeM MOII:(HO- HaKJIOHOM OCH no-
CTH naCTH
KOHTpOnb 3a npeBblIlIeHH- H3MeHeHHeM yrna
eM 060pOTOB YCTaHoBKH nona-
CTH
PervnHPoBaHHeM no BeTPY naCCIffiHoe naCCHBHoe
IIepe.n.aqa npJlMaJi ,lIByxcTVneHqanlJl BHHTOBaJI
MO,lIenb WINDWATT5 WIND WATT 1 0
THn reHepaTopa, MOII:(- CHHXpOHHblH, CHHXpOHHblH,
HOCTb 5,0 KBT 12,0 KBT
):{HaMeTp pOTopa, Ma- 5,0 M, KOMno- 6,0 M, KOMn03HT
TePHaJI nonaCTeH 3HT HaBHTblH HaBHTblH
CKOpOCTh BeTpa BKJIIO-
qeHIDI/HOMHHaJIbHaJI ,0 wc/lO,O M/c 4,0 M/c/ 11,8M/c
PerynHpoBaHHe MOII:(- HaKJIOHOM OCH nonacTH
HOCT1I
KOHTpOnb 3a npeBbI- H3MeHeHHeM yrna YCHlHOBKH no-
IlIeHHeM 060pOTOB naCTH
SYIAB
I
I
I
!111 I
I! I
n
(
/ \
Panensa lliSeHltapH}I
MO,lIenb WG 240 WG 1000
THn reHepaTopa, MOII:(- CHHXpOHHbIH, HH.lIYKII,HOHHblH,
HOCTb 0,75 KBT 15 KBT
):{HaMerp pOTOpa, Ma- 2,4 1'1, CTeKJIonna- 10M, CTeKnonna-
TepHaJI nonacTeH CTHK CTHKI CTaJIb
CKOpOCTb BeTpa BKJIIO-
qeHIDI/HOMHHaJIbHaJI 3,5 M/c/ 12,0 M/c 5 M/c/ 10 wc
PerynHpoBmme KaqaHHeM KpblJTa naccHBHoe a3pO-
MOII:(HOCTH ,lIHHaMHqeCKOe
KOHTpOnb 3a npeBbI- KaqmmeM Kpblna a3pO,lIHHaMIf'Ie-
IlIeHHeM 060POTOB CKlIM TOpM03OM
PerynHpoBaHHe . o naccHBHoe
BeTpy
IIepe,lIaqa npHMaJi .lIByxcryneHqaTaJi
BHHTOBIDI
IJ:eHa, IlIBe,lICKHe KpOHbI 30 000
IlIBCLIIUI
npMnO>KeHMJI
369
IIpo.u;onJKeHHe npHJI. 1
MO,lIenb 10 KW (l6-nOnaCTHbIH)
THn reHepaTOpa, MOII:(- CHHXpOHHbIH, 10,0 KBT
HOCTb
):{HaMeTp pOTopa, Mare- 6,11'1,
pHaJI nonacTeH KOMn03HT HaBHTbJH
CKOpOCTb BeTpa BKnIOqe-
HIDI/HOMHHaJIbHaJi 2,0 M/c/14,O M/c
PerynHpOBlume MOII:(HO- HaKnOHOM OCH nonaCTH
CTH
KOHTponb 3a npeBblwe- MeXaHHqeCKHM TOpM030M
HHeM 060POTOB
IIepe,lIaqa nPJlMaJl,3neKTnHqeCKaJI
IJ:eHa, ,lIaTCKHe KPOHbI 89 000
GSS
):{aHHJI
I
,
I
MO,lIenb 23-10 40-50
THn reHepaTOpa, MOII:(- CHHXpOHHbIH, CHHXpOHHblH,
HOCTb 10,0 KBT 50,0 KBT
):{HaMeTp pOTOpa, Ma- 7,1 M, 1l,7M,
TePHaJI nonacTeH ,lIepeBO ,lIeOeBO
CKOpOCTb BeTpa BKJIIO- 4,0 M/ci 11,0 M/c 3,6M/c 11,0 wc
qeHHHlHOMHHaJIbHaJI
PerynnpoBaHHe MOII:(- HaKJIOHOM OCH nonaCTH
HOCTH
KOHTponb 3a npeBbl- H3MeHeHHeM yrna YCTaHOBKH no-
IlIeHHeM 0600OTOB naCTH
PerynnpOBaHHe no naccHBHoe
BeTPY
IIepe,lIaqa rHnOH,lIaJIbHaJi ,lIByxcTyneHqa-
TaJi BHHTOBaJi
IJ:eHa, ,lIonnaPbI CIlIA 18000 65 000
Wind Turbine Industries
CIllA
MO,lIenb 125150
THn reHepaTopa, MOII:(HOCTb CHHXpOHHbIH, 50,0 KBT
):{HaMeTp pOTopa, MaTepHaJI 12,81'1,
nonacTeH KOMn03HT HaBHThIH
CKOpOCTb Berpa BKnIOqe-
HHJl/HOMHHaJIbHaJI 2,5 M/c/ 13,0 M/c
PerynHPOBmme MOII:(HOCTH HaKJIOHOM OCH nonaCTH
KOHTpOnb 3a npeBbIIlIeHHeM MeXaHHqeCKHM TOpMO-
060POTOB 30M
PervnHooBaHHe no BerOY MeXaHHqeCKOe
IIepe,lIaqa ,lIByxcryneHqaTaJI BHHTO-
BaJi
IJ:eHa, HeMeL(KHe MapKH 120 000
Krogmann repMaHHS!
370
npMnO>K8HMJI
npMnO>KeHMJI
371
IIpo,ll;oJIJKeHHe npHJI. 1
IIpo.u;oJIJKeHHe lIpMJI. 1
II.1.5. B3Y C UHOYKIIUOHHblMU 2eHepamOpaMu
MO.llem, 2000
THn reHepaTopa, MOll\HOCTb HH.llYK HOHH H,2KBT
,L\HaMeTp pOTOpa, MaTepHaJI 4,2M,
nonacTeH CTeIO]QnnaCTHK
CKOpOCTb BeTpa BKllIO'leHHSII
HOMHHaJIbHaH 4,5 Mlc! 10,0 M/c
PerynHpoBaHHe MomHOCTH yrnoM HaKllOHa OCH
pampa no BceMY pa3-
Maxv nonaCTH
KOHTpOJIb 3a rrpCBb!!llCHRCM yrJIOM HaKllOHa OCR
060pOTOB pOTopa no BCeMY Pa3-
Maxy
PervnHDoBaHHe no Berov MeXaHH'leCKOe
MO.llenb MP 5, 4- nona- M30,
CTHbIH 1- nonacrnhIH
THn reHepaTopa, MOll\- CHHXpOHHbIH, HH.llYKl.\HOHHbIH,
HOCTb 3 KBT 55/200 KBT
,[\HaMeTp pOTopa, Ma- 5,3 M, 33,0 M, CTeKllOIma-
TepHaJI nonacTeH .lleDeBO CTHK
CKOpOCTb BeTpa BKllIO- 4,5 Mlc! 9,0 M/c 5,OM/c/ll,OM/c
'leHHH/HOMHHaJIbHaJI
PerynHpOBaHHe MOll\- Cp BOM nOTOKa HaKJJOHOM OCH no-
HOCTH naCTH
KOHTponb 3a npeBhi- H3MeHHeM yrna nonHbIM yrnoM Ha-
llIeHHeM 060pOTOB YCTIUlOBKH no- KllOHa, MeXaHH'le-
naCTH CKHM TODM030M
PerynHpoBaHHe no BeT- rH.llpaBJIH'leCKaJI
py
fIepe.lla'la JIByxcTyneH'laTaH
BHHTOBaJI
Riva Calsoni
IfTaJIJlH
MO.L\eJIb WWG -0600 WWG -0640
TJln reHepaTOpa, Mom- CHHXpOHH H, CJlHXpOHH H,
HOCTb 640 KBT 667 KBT
,L\HaMeTp pOTopa, MaTepHaJI 43,3 M, .llepe- 43,3 M, .llepe-
nonacTeH Bo/:moKCJI.ll Bo!:moKCJI.ll
CKOpOCTb BeTpa BKllIO'le- 6,3 Mlc! 12,3M/c 6,3 Mlc! 12,5 M/c
HHHI HOMHHaJIbHaJI
PerynHDOBaHHe MOIIlHOCTH HaKllOHOM OCH nonaCTH
KOHTponb 3a npeBbIIlJeHH- H3MeHeHHeM yrna YCTaHOBKH no-
eM 060POTOB naCTH
PerynHDoBaHHe no BeTDV MeXaHH'leCKoe
fIeDe.L\a'la .llBVXCTVneH'laTaJI 3nH HKnH'leCKaH
Westinghouse
CIlJA
Gresswell BCJlHKo6p",-aHI1"
MO.L\eJIb NEWECS 25 NEWECS 45
THn reHepaTopa, MOll\HOCTb CHHXpOHH H, CJlHXpOHH H,
300 KBT 1000 KBT
,L\HaMeTp pOTopa, MaTepHaJI 26,5 M, CTeKllonna- 45,0 M, CTeK-
nonacTeH CTHK normaCTHK
CKOpOCTb BeTpa BKllIO'le- 5,0 Mlc! 14,0 M/c 5,0 Mlc! 14,0
HIDI/HOMHHaJIbHaH Mlc
PervllHDOBaHHe MOIIlHOCTH HaKllOHOM OCH nonaCTH
KOHTpOnb 3a npeB IlJeHHeM nonH M yrnoM Ha- nonH M Pa3-
060pOTOB KllOHa, MeXaHH'le- MaXOM, KOHLle-
CKHM TODM030M B M TOPM030M
PerynHpOBaHHe no BeTpy 3JIeKTpH'leCKOe nmpaBJIH'le-
CKoe
TIepe.lla'la .L\BYXCT)'neH'laTaJI .llBYXCT)'neH-
KOaKCHaJIbHaJI 'laTaH
3nHLlHKllH-
MO.llenb 6/10
THn reHepaTOpa, MOll\- HH.llYKLlHOHH H,
HOCTb 10 KBT
,[\HaMeTp pOTOpa, MaTepH- 4,2 M, KOMno3HTI yr-
aJI nOnaC'IeH neBonOKHO
CKOpOCTb BeTpa BKllIO'le-
HHH/HOMHHaJIbHaJI 4,0 Mlc /11,8 M/c
PerynHpoBaHHe MOll\HO- HaKJJOHOM OCH no
CTH BceH B COTe nonaCTH
KOIITpOnb 3a rrpeBblllIeHH- H3MeHeHHeM yrna
eM 060pOTOB YCTaHOBKH no BCe"
B COTe nonaCTH
PervnHDoBaHHe no Berov naCCHBHoe
II
III
Stork FDO HHJJ.epnaH,IJ;bI
n
\ 1\
Agroluz AprCHTRHa
MO.lleJIb CF 8000
THn reHepaTOpa, MOll\- HH)lyKLlHOHHbIH,
HOCTb 8 (9,4) KBT
,L\HaMeTp pOTOpa, MaTepH- 4,2M,
aJI nonaCTeH CTeKllonJIaCTHK
CKOpOCTb BeTpa BKllIO'le-
HHH/HOMHHanJ.,HaH 3,5 M/c 110,0 M/c
PerynHpoBaHHe MOll\HO- H3MeHeHHeM yrna YCTIUlOBKH
CTH OCH pOTopa no BceMY pa3Maxy
nonaCTH
KOHTpOnb 3a npeBbIIlJeHH- H3MeHeHHeM yrna YCTaHOBKH
eM 060DOTOB nonaCTH no BeeH ee B COTe
PervnHDOBaHHe no Beroy naCCHBHoe
fIeDe.lla'la yrnoBoH nDHBO.ll
HTaJIHH
npMnO>KeHMJI
npMnO>KeHMJI
373
372
IIpo,ll;oJIJKeHlie lIPHll. 1
IIpo,ll;onJKeHHe npHJI. 1
MO.llenb AEROMAN TW45
12.5/17
THn reHepaTopa, MOm- CHHXpOHHblM, HII,l1yKl\HOHHbIM,
HOCTb 17,0 KBT 45 KBT
.D:HaMeTp, MaTepHan 12,5 M, 12,5 M,
nonacTeM CTeKnonnacTllK CTeKJIOnnaCTHK
CKOpOCTb BeTpa BKJIIO- 3,0 M/c/12,5 WC
qeHHH/HoMHHanbHaH 4,OM/c/9,0 WC
PerynHpoBaHHe MOm- HaKJIOHOM OCH CpbIBOM nOTOKa
HOCTH nonaCTH
KOHTponb 3a npeBbI- H3MeHeHlle yrna npHH}'.llllTenbHoe
rneHHeM 060pOTOB YCTaHOBKH nona- OTKJIOHeHHe OCH '
CTH pOTopa
PerynHpOBaHHe no MeXaHHqeCKOe MeXaHl1qeCKOe
BeTPY
I1ep e .llaqa TpexcryneHqaTaH .II.ByxcryneHqaTIUI
3v6qaTaH BHHTOBaH
MO.llenb
THn reHepaTopa, MOm-
HOCTb
AEROTECH 10
CHHXpOHHbIHllnH
HH.llYKI.{HOHHbIM,
20 KBT
1O,OM,
CTeKnonnaCTllK
AEROTECH 23
HH.llYKI.{HOHHbIM,
250 KBT
23,1 M,
CTeKnonnaCTHK
4,0 Mlcl12,0 M/c 40 M/c/13,O M/c
HaKJIOHOM OCH nonaCTH
MeXaHllqeCKllM TOp-
M030M
N'c\\:jnco Hll,;:lc-.ilalt;I.LI
MO.llenb WINDANE 34 WINDANE 40
THnreHepaTOpa, MOm- HHJIYKI.{HOH- HH.llYKIIHOHHblM,
HOCTb HbIM, 400 KBT 750 KBT
.D:HaMeTp pOTOpa, Ma- 34,0 M, CTeKJIO- 40,0 M, CTeKJIO-
TepHan nonacTeH nnaCTHK nnaCTHK
CKOpOCTb BeTpa BKJIIO-
qeHHHI HOMHHanbHaH 5,5 Mlcl14,0 M/c 5,0 M/c/15,0 M/c
PerynHpoBaHHe MOm- HaKJIOHOM OCH no BceM BbICOTe no-
HOCTH naCTH
KOHTpOnb 3a npeBbI- MeXaHHqeCKHM TOpM030M
llleHHeM 060POTOB
PerynHpOBaHlle no BeT- MeXaHHqeCKOe
PV
I1epe.llaqa rneXCTVneHqaTaH BHHTOBaH
MO.llenb WM 15S WM 19 S
THn reHepaTopa, MOlll- HH.llYKIII10H- HH.llYKl\HOHHbIH,
HOCTb HbIH, 120/30 KBT
60112 KBT
.D:HaMeTp pOTopa, MaTe- 15,5 M, CTeK- 19,0 M, CTeKJIO-
PHan nOnaCTeM nonnacTHK nnaCTllK
CKOpOCTb BeTpa BKJIIOqe- 3,5M/c/13 M/c
HlliI/HoMllHanbHaH 3,5 MlclI5 M/c
PerynHpoBaHHe MomHO- CpbIBOM nOTOKa
CTH
KOHTponb 3a npeBblllle- cnoHnepaMH I MeXaHllqeCKHMH
HHeM 060POTOB TopM03aMH
PerynHPoBaHHe no BeTpy MeXaHHqeCKOe
I1ep e .llaqa TpexcryneHqaTaH BHHTOBaH
MO.llenb 55/l1 120/20
THn reHepaTOpa, MOm- HHIIYKl\HOHHbIM
HOCTb 55/llKBT 120/20 KBT
.D:llaMeTp pOTopa, MaTe- 15,2 M, CTeKJIO- 19,4 M, CTeKJIO-
pHan nonacTeM nnaCTHK nnacTllK
CKOpOCTb BeTpa BKnIOqe- 3,0 MlclI5 M/c
HHH/HoMllHanbHaH 3,0 Mlcl12,0 M/c
PerynHpoBaHHe MOmHO- CpbIBOM nOTOKa
CTH
KOHTponb 3a npeBbIIl1e- MeXaHHqeCKllM TOpM030M
HHeM 060POTOB
PerynHpOBaHHe no BeTPY MeXaHWIeCKOe
I1epe.llaqa TpeXCTVneH'IaTaH BHHTOBaH
IJ;eHa, .llaTCKHe KpOHbI 500 000 740 000
Danish Wind Technology ):(amrn
MO.llenb W -2100 W-23209
THn reHepaTopa, HH.llYKl\HOHHblM, HH.llYKl\HOHHblH,
MOmHOCTb 120(145) KBT 160 (192) KBT
.L\HaMeTp pOTopa, Ma- 21,OM, 23,2 M,
TepHan nonaCTeH CTeKJIOnnaCTHK CTeKJIonnaCTllK
CKOpOCTb Be-rpa 4,0 Mlcl15,0 M/c 4,0 Mlcl14,0 M/c
BKJIIOqeHIDII HOMll-
HanbHaH
PerynHpoBaHHe MOm- CpblBOM nOTOKa
HOCTH
KOHTpOnb 3a npeBbI- TOpM030M KOHl\e- KOHl\eBbIM TOp-
llleHHeM 060pOTOB BbIM H MeXaHHqe- M030M
CKHM
PerynHpOBaHHe no :meKTpHqeCKOe
Berny
I1epe.llaqa .II.BVXCTvneHqaTIUlBHHTOBaH
Wind World
.:\......"
B 'tllu::t
374
npMnO>KeHMJI
npMnO>KeHMJI
375
IIpo,ll;onJKeHHe npHJI. 1
Hawker SiddBley
Be.nHKo6pMTaHHJI
MOJIeJIb
TMn reHepaTopa, MOm-
HOCTb
)J;MaMeTp pOTOpa, MaTepmUl
JIonaCTeH
CKOpOCTh BeTpa BKJIIO'le-
HJfSl/HOMMHaJIbHIDI
PerYJIMpOBaHMe MomHOCTH
KOHTpOJIb 3a npeBblllIeHM-
eM 060pOTOB
PerYJIMpOBaHMe no Berpy
IIe e.z:ra'la
anish Windpower ,lI;aHHR
200 -FC
MHJl
200 KBT
21,5 M, CTeK-
JIonJIaCTMK
KL(HOHHbIH
200 KBT
21,5 M, CTeKJIO-
nJIaCTHK
4,9 M/cl 16 5 M/c
HaKJIOHOM cpblBOM nOTOKa
OCM JIonaCTII
I13MeHeHIIeM
yma YCTa-
HOBKII JIona-
CTH
MeXaHII'leCKIIM
TOpM030M
MexaHII'le- 3JIeKTpoMexaHII-
CKoe 'leCKOe
exc neH'laTIDI BMHTOBIDI
D 150 S
150 KBT
22,2 M, CTeKJIO-
nJIacTHK
IIpo,ll;oJIJKeHHe npHJI. 1
200 KW
MHoroCKOpOCTHOH,MHAYKUH-
OHHblH 200/40 KBT
20,OM,
JIe eBo/3nOKCHJl
MOJIeJIb 99K I 200 KW
Tiin reHepaTOpa, MOm- I1HJlYKUMOHHblH
HOCTb 100 KBT 200/400 KBT
)J;HaMeTp pOTOpa, MaTe- 19,0 M, CTeK- 25,5 M, CTeKJIO-
PHaJI JIOnacTeH JIOnJIaCTIIK nJIacTIIK
CKOpOCTb Berpa BKJIIO- 4,2 wcl 15 M/c 4,0 wcl 13 M/c
'leHlUI/HOMMHaJIbHIDI
PeryJIMpOB1lHHe MOmHO- CpbIBOM nOTO- CpbIBOM nOTOKa
CTII Ka
KOHTpOJIb 3a npeBbIllIe- KOHL(eBblMM TopM03aMII
HMeM 06000TOB
Perym!pOB3HMe no BeTpY 3JIeKTpH'leCKOe 3JIeKTpOMexaHII-
'leCKOe
IIepeJIa'la TpeXCTVneH'laTaSi BHHTOBaSi
l{eHa, JIaTCKIIe KpOHbI 630 000 I 1 200 000
3,5 MId 16,0 M/c
C blBOM nOTOKa
KOHL(eBbIMM TopM03aMII,
CnOHJIe aMH
MeXaHH'leCKOe
JIBYXCTYneH'laTaSIBIIHTOBIDI
Baltic Power
,[(amHI
4,0 MId 13,2 M
HaKJIOHOM OCII JIonaCTII
M3MeHeHIIeM yrJIa YCTaHOB-
KII JIonaCTM
caMonpOH3BOJIbHOe
MOJIeJIb
TMn reHepaTopa, MOmHOCTb
MWT-250
HHJIYKL(HOHHbIH,250KBT
25,OM,
CTeKJIOIIJIaCTHK
)J;HaMeTp pOTOpa, MaTepHaJI JIO-
naCTeH
CKOpOCTb BeTp3 BKJIIO'leHHSII HO-
MMHaJIbHaSi
Pe JIM OBaHlIe MOmHOCTH
KOHTpOJIb 3a npeBblweHHeM 060-
pOTOB
PeryJIHpOBaHHe no BeTpY
IIepeJIa'la
Mitsubishi
JlnoHHH
JIBYXCTYneH'laTIDI
Ta HaSi
nJI<lHe-
Sumitomo
CIlIA
MOJIeJIb WINDMAS- WINDMAS-
TER 150 TER 300
THn reHepaTopa, MOm- HHJIYKL(HOHHbIH
HOCTb 150 KBT 300 KBT
)J;MaMeTp pOTopa, Ma- 21,8 M, 25,OM,
TepHaJI JIOnaCTeH CTeKJIOnJIacTHK CTeKJIO[lJIaCTHK
CKOpOCTb BeTpa BKJIIO-
'leHHSI/HOMHHaJIbHIDI 5,OM/cl 12,5 M 5,0 MId 12,0 M/c
PerYJIHpOBaHHe HaKJIOHOM OCH JIOnacTH
MOmHOCTH
KOHTpOJIb3anpeBbI- H3MeHeHHeM yrJIa YCTaHOBKII
weHHeM 060POTOB
PerYJIHpOBaHHe no rHJIpaBJIH'leCKOe
BeTPV
IIepeJIa'la TpeXCTYneH'laTaSi BHHTOBaSi
HMZ
J>eJlbl'HR
D175 S
HH
KL(HOHHbIH
165 KBT
23,6 M, CTeKJIO-
nJIaCTlIK
4,0 MId 14,0 M 4,0 M/cl 14,0 M/c
CpblBOM nOTOKa CpbIBOM nOTOKa
CnOHJIepOM
cnoiJ:JIepOM
HaSi
376
npMnO>KeHMJI
TIpo.u;onJKeHHenpHJI.l
MO.lIeJIb 25 200/300
THn reHepaTopa, MOIIl- HH.AYKl\HOHHbIH
HOCTb 25 KBT 200-300 KBT
):(HaMeTp pOTOpa, MaTe- 9,9 M, KOMn03HT 23 M, KOMn03HT
DHaJI JIOnaCTeH HaBHTbIH HaBHTbIH
CKODOCTb BeTDa 3,6 wc/ 13,6 wc 3,2 wc/ 11,6 M/C
Pel}'JmpOBaHHe MOIIlHO- CpbIBOM nOTOKa
CTH
KOH1pOJIb 3a npeBbIllIe- a3pO.lIHHaMHQeCKHH TOpM03
HlleM 060DOTOB
Pel}'JIHpOBaHHe no BeT- naCCHBHoe MeXaHHQeCKOe
DV
IIepe.lI aqa .lIByxcT)'neH'la- ByxcTyneH'laTasr
Tasr BHHTOBasr JIaHeTapHasr
Carter Wind Systems ClllA
MO.lIeJIb MS-3 LS-I
THn reHepaTopa, HH.lIYKIlHOHHbIH, CHHXpOHHbIH,
MOIIIHOCTb 300 KBT 3000 KBT
):(HaMe-rp pOTOpa, 33,OM, 60,0 M,
MaTeDHaJI JIOnaCTeH .lIepeBo/:moKCH.A CTaJIb
CKOpOCTb BeTpa
BKJIlOQeHHil1 HOMH- 5,0 M/clll,5 M/c 7,0 Mlcl17,0 M/c
HaJIbHaSI
Pel}'JIHpOBaHlle HaKJIOHOM OCH H3MeHeHHeM Illa-
MOIIIHOCTIl JIonaCTli ra
KOHTpOJIb 3a npe- nOJIHbIM yrJIOM Ha- KOHl\eBbIM one-
BbIIIleHHeM o60po- KJIOHa, MeXaHHQe- peHHeM nonaCTeH
TOB CKHM TOPM030M
PerYJIHpoBaHHe no 3JIeK-rpOMexaHH- rH.ApaBJIHqeCKOe
Bernv qeCKOe
IIepe.lIaqa .lIByxCT)'neH'laTaSI TpexCT)'neHqaTaSI
3nHl\HKJIHqeCKasr 3nHl\HKJIHqeCKaH
MO.lIeJIb 60KW
THn reHepaTopa, MOIIIHOCTb HH.LIYKl\HOHHbIH, 60 KBT
):(HaMe-rp pOTOpa, MaTepHaJI 16,OM,
JIOnaCTeH CTeKJIOnJIaCTHK
CKOpOCTb BeTpa BKJIlOqe- 4,0 wc/18,0 M/C
Hmr/HoMHHaJIbHasr
PervmmoBaHHe MOIIIHOCTH CpbIBOM nOTOKa
KOH-rpOJIb 3a npeBbIIlleHHeM KOHl\eBbIM TOpM030M
060POTOB
Pel}'JIHpOBaHHe no BeTpY MeXaHHqeCKOe
Wind Energy Group
Westwind ABCTp UIH}I
npMnO>KeHMJI
377
IIpo,ll;oJIJKeHHe npHJI. I
fl.l.6. B3Y c zeHepamOPQMu oPyzux mun06
UM50 UM70
HH.LIYKl\HOHHbIH HJIH C 4><130-
BOH MO.lI JUlIlHeH
11,25/2,5/5 KBT 2,5/5/10 KBT
5,0 M, 7,0 M,
.lIe eBO
MO.lIeJIb
THn reHepaTopa, MOIl\-
HOCTb
I
):(HaMeTp pOTopa, MaTepH-
aJI JIonaCTeH
CKOpOCTb Be-rpa BKJIIOqe-
HHHlHOMHHaJIbHaSI
3,5M/c/7,0 M/c
3,5M/c/7,0 M/c
JIOM HaKJIOHa OCH OTO a
H3MeHeHHeM .lII-IaMe-rpa pac-
rrOJIO)KeHIilI JIOrraCTeH
naCCHBHoe
neHqaTasr BHHTOBaSI
I
MO.lIeJIb
THn reHepaTopa, MOIII-
HOCTb
Aerodyn
MO.lIeJIb 1000
THn reHepaTopa, MOIII- aJIbTepHaTOp,
HOCTb 1,0 KBT
):(HaMe-rp pOTopa, MaTe- 3,6M,
PHaJI JIOnacreH .lIeDeBO
CKOpOCTb Be-rpa BKJIIOqe-
HHH/HOMHHaJIbHaSI 3,0 M/c/9,8 M/c
Pel}'JIHpOBaHHe MOIIIHO- CpbIBOM nOTOKa
cnt
KOH-rpOJIb 3a npeBbIllIe- npHH)'.lIHTeJIbHbIM OTKJIO-
HHeM 060DOTOB HeHHeM OCH DOTODa
PeryJIHDOBaHHe no BeTPY naCCHBHoe
IIepellaqa .lIBYXCT)'rreHqaTasr BHHTO-
BaSI
IJ,eHa, .lI0llJIaPbI ClllA 3850
Aerowatt
<J>paHl\HH
260W
W
reHepaTOp nepeMeHHoro TOKa C
<l30BOH MOll JUu.\HeH
0,5 KBT 1,0 KBT
2,2 M, .lIepe- 2,4 M, .lIepe-
Bo/3rroKCH.A Bo/3noKCH.A
3,5 Mlclll M/c 4,0 Mlclll M/c
C bIBOM nOTOKa
n XMaSI
800
1500
Sencenbaugh
CIlIA
378
npMnO>KeHMJI
npMflO>KeHMJI
TIpHnOJKeHHe 2
Bergey
CIliA
TMrr reHepaTopa, MOIIJ.- CMHXpOHHbIH reHepaTOp C rrOCTO-
HOCTb HHHbIMM MarHMTaMM TOpl.leBOrO
McrronHeHWI, 20 - 160 06/MMH,
6,0 KBT
HarrPHJKeHMe 24B
CKOpOCTb Be-rpa BKJIlOqe- 2,5 M/cl -
HWHOMMHaJIbHaH
IIepe.rr aqa rrpl!MaH
1,1
I
II
OKOHqaHHe lIpHJI. 1
379
BEPTMKAflbHO-OCEBbIE B3Y C rEHEP A TOPAMM
PA3flMqHbIX TIfTIOB
Mo.rrenb Vertax HD 9/15KW
Till reHepaTopa, reHepaTop rrepe- reHepaTop rrepe-
MOIIJ.HOCTb MeHHoro TOKa c MeHHoro TOKa c
B03.rrynrHbIM 3a- B03.rrYIIJ.HbIM 3a-
30DOM, 0,4 KBT 30POM, 15 KBT
):(MaMe-rp pOTOpa, 3,OM, 9,OM,
MaTeDMaJI norracTeH aJIlOMMHMH aJIlOMMHMH
CKOpOCTb Be-rpa
BKJIlOqeHlUlI HOMM- 2,0 MlcI- 2,0 M/c1-
HaJIbHal!
PerymqJOBaHMe caMoperynMpYIOIIlMM IIJ.apHMpHbIM
MOIIJ.HOCTM YCTPOHCTBOM
KOHTponb 3a rrpeBbI- HaKnOHOM pOTOpa
IIleHMeM 060POTOB
IIepe.rraqa .rrBYXCTyrreH'IaTaH BMlITOBaH
Mo.rrenb BWC 100 I BWC EXCEL
TMrr reHepaTopa, Mon.\- CMHXpOHHbIH reHepaTop C rrocToHH-
HOCTb HbIMM MarHMTaMM
1,0 KBT 10,0 KBT
):(MaMe-rp pOTopa, MaTe- 2,8 M, 7,OM,
I DMaJI nonacTeH CTeKnorrnaCTMK CTeKllOnnaCTJIK
CKOpOCTb Be-rpa BKlllOqe-
lillH/HOMMHaJIbHal! 4,0 Mlclll,O M/c 3,1 Mlcll2,1 M/c
PerynMpoBaHMe MOIIJ.HO- 3neK-rpoHMKOH
CTM
KOH-rponb 3a npeBbIIIle- aBTOMaTMqeCKMM CBOpaqMBaHMeM
HMeM 060POTOB
PerynMPOBaHMe rro Berov rraCCMBHoe
IIepe.rraqa rrpHMal!
MMEW
Mo.rrenb VA-3
TMn reHepaTopa, MOIIJ.- reHepaTop rrepeMeHHoro
HOCTb TOKa C 4>a30BoH Mo.rrynl!-
l.lMeH, 1 KBT
):(H<\Me-rp pOTopa, MarepM- 3,OM,
aJI norracTeH aJIlOMMHMH
CKOpOCTb Be-rpa BKnlOqe-
HMHIHOMMHaJIbHaH 4,5M/c/lO,0 M/c
PervnMDoBaHMe MOIIlHOCTM CPbIBOM rrOTOKa
KOH-rpOllb 3a rrpeBbIIIleHM- M3MeHeHMeM yrna YCTa-
eM 060POTOB HOBKM norraCTeH
IIepe.rr aqa Herrocpe.rrCTBeHHbIH
rrDMBO.rr
Mo.rrenb 525
TMrr reHepaTopa, MOIIlHOCTb MH.rryKl.lMOHHbrn,
25 KBT
):(MaMe-rp pOTopa, MaTepMaJI 5,5 M,
nonacTeH aJIlOMMHMH
CKOpOCTb Be-rpa BKnlOqe-
HlUI/HOMMHaJIbHaH 6,3 MlcI-
KOHTponb 3a rrpeBbIIIleHMeM MeXaHMqeCKMM TOp-
060DOTOB M030M
I..{eHa, .rronnapbI CIlIA 15000
380
npMnO>KeHMfI
npMflO>KeHMfI
OKOHqaHHe npHn. 2
IIpo.u;oJI>KeHHe npHn. 2
MO.lIenb TEMA 2
THn reHeparopa, MOIl\HOCTb HH.lIYKl\HOHHbIH,
40 KBT
)J;HaMe-rp pOTopa, MaTepHM nona- 14,OM,
cTeH MIOMHHHH
CKOpOCTb Be-rpa BKnlOqe-
Hlrn/HoMHHMbHWI 5,5 M/c! 11,0 M/c
PerynHpoBaHHe MOIl\HOCTH H3MeHeHHeM reo-
MeTPHH
KOH-rponb 3a npeBbIIIleHHeM 060- MeXaHHqeCKHM
pOTOB TOpM030M
CKOpOCTb Be-rpa BKJIlOqe-
HHHI HOMHHMbHaH
Pe nH OBaHHe MOIl\HOCTH
KOHTponb 3a npeBblIIIeHH-
eM 060 OTOB
IIe e.lIaqa
l{eHa, .lIOnnapbI ClilA
MO.lIenb
THn reHepaTopa, MOIl\-
HOCTb
)J;l1aMe-rp pOTopa, MaTepH-
M nonacTeH
Tema
y!TaJIliJi
,
I'
MO.lI enb lndal 1300 9900
THn reHepaTopa, HH.lIYKl\HOHHbIH
MOIl\HOCTb 65 KBT 266 KBT
)J;HaMe-rp pOTopa, Ma- 12,2 M, 33,OM,
TePHM nonacTeH MIOMHHI1H MIOMHHHH + CTaJIb
CKOpOCTb Be-rpa BKJIIO-
qeHHJl/HoMHHMbHaJl 6,3 M/c! 17,3 M/c 6,3 M/c! 18,2 M/c
PerynHpoBaHHe MOIl\- CpbIBOM nOTOKa CpblBOM nOTOKa
HOCTH
KOHTponb 3a npeBbI- MeXaHHqeCKHM TOpM030M
IIIeHHeM 060POTOB
l{eHa, KaHaJIcKHH 600 000
.lIonnap
IndaI
KaH3,lJ,3
II
VAWT
MO.lIenb 19/21 SL-38
THn reHepaTopa, HH.lIYKl\HOHHbIH
MOIl\HOCTb 150 KBT 150 KBT
)J;HaMe-rp pOTopa, 21,OM, 38,OM,
MaTepHM nonacTeM anlOMHHHH MIOMHHHM
CKOpOCTb Be-rpa
BKJIlOqeHHJlI HOMH- 3,6 M/c! 15,0 M/c 3.8 M/c! 16,0 M/c
HMbHaJl
PerynHpoBaHHe MOIl\- CpblBOM nOTOKa
HOCTH
KOlrrponb 3a npeBbI- MeXaHHqeCKHM MeXaHHqeCKHM
IIIeHHeM 060POTOB TOpM030M TOPM030M
IIepe.lIaqa .lIBYXCTVneHqaTaJlnnaHeTapHaJl
I
II
AHrnHJI
381
F-19
F-23
HH.lIYKl\HOHHbIM,
300 KBT
19,OM,
MIOMHHHM
23,OM,
KOMn03HTI MIO-
MHHHM
5,0 wcl 20 M/c
Cenemesa
MO.lIenb VAWT260 VAWT450 VAWT2400
THn reHepaTopa, HH.LIYKl\H- CHHXpOHHbIH C nepeMeHeH-
MOIl\HOCTb OHHbIH, HnH HH.lIYK- HOM CKOpO-
100/30 KBT l\HOHHbIM, CTblO,
130 KBT 1700 KBT
)J;HaMe-rp poropa, 19,OM, 25,OM, 67,OM,
MaTepHM nona- .lIepeBoI CTMb CTMb
cTeM 3nOKCH.lI
CKOpOCTb Be-rpa 5 M/c! 13 M/c 7 M/c! 11 M/c 6 M/c! 13 wc
BKJIlOqeHHJlI HOMH-
HMbHaJl
PerynHpoBaHHe naCCHBHbIM a3pO.lIHHaMHqeCKHM MeTO.lIOM
MOIl\HOCTH
KOH-rponb 3a npe- MeXaHHqeCKHM TOpM030M
BblIIIeHHeM o6opo-
TOB
IIepe.lI aqa TpexcTYneHqaTaJl BHHTOBWI -rpexnyneHqa-
TaJl 3nHl\HKJIH-
qeCKaJl
382
5M6nMorpa4JM"jeCKMM CnMCOK
1.
I>H6JIHOrpaclm'IJeCKHH CnHCOK
o CTpOHTeJIbCTBe BeTpOBbIX 3neKTpOCTaHUHH: TIocTaHOBJIeHHe Ka6HHeTa
MHHHCTpOB YKpaHHbI OT 15.06.941'. N!! 415.
KOMlIneKCHaH nporpaMMa cTpOHTeJIbCTBa B3C B YKpaHHe: TIocTaHoBne-
HHe Ka6HHeTa MHHHCTpOB YKpaHHbI OT 3.02.97 1'. N!! 37.
3MiHH Ta ,lI;OnOBHeHHH ,u;o KOMnJIeKCHOI lIporpaMH 6y,u;iBHHU;TBa BiTpoBHx
eneKTpocTaHuiH. - MKP 3 nHTaHb 6y,u;iBHHUTBa BiTpOBHX eJIeKTpOCTaH-
uiii. - K.: 2000. - 109 c; Tpy,u;, 21.02.2001, c. 10.
3aKoH YKpalHH «IIpo eJIeKTpOeHepreTHKy»/JroJIoc YKpaIHH. - 1997.-
C.25.
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139.5[KoBJIeB A. If. IIporH03HpoBaHHe MOIl{HOCTHbIX H MOMeHTHbIX xapaKTe-
pHCTHK BeTpOKOJIeCa C BepTHKanbHoH OCbIO BpaIIIeHHH H pa3JIHtIHbIMH a:r
po,u;HHaMHqeCKHMH lIpOIjJHJIJJMH pa60qnx JIonacTeHI A. I1. 5[KOBJIeB,
M. A 3aTY'IHaH, If. r. rOJIOBqHHep, A. A. 3aHKHHI IHeTpa)l;HUHOHHble HC-
TOqHHKH, nepe)l;aIOIl{He CHCTeMbI H npe06pa30BaHHe 3HeprHH. - X.: XAH.
-1997.-C.111-115.
140.5[KoBneB A. If. BJIHHHHe 1jJ0pMbI H MeTo,u;a lIocTpoeHHJI JIonaCTH BeTpo-
,u;BHraTeJIH nponeJIJIepHOrO THlIa Ha ero 3HepreTHqeCKHe xapaKTepHCTHKlll
A. If. 5[KOBJIeB, M. A 3aTY'IHaH, R H. TIaruKoBII ABHa HoHHo-
KOCMH'-IeCKaH TeXHHKa H TeXHOJIOrHJJ. - X.: Hau;. a3pOKOCM. }'II-T.
«XAM». - 2000. - BbIII. 15. - C. 132 - 135.
141. 5[KOBJIeB A. If. A3pollHHaMHqeCKHH paCqeT BeTporyp6HH nponeJIJIepHOrO
THlIa: Yqe6. lIoc06Hei A. I1. 5[KOBJIeB, M. A. 3aTY'-lHaJI/ IIo,u; pe,u;.
10. A KparuaHHUbI. - X: Hau;. a3poKocM. YH-T. «XAIf», 2001. - 78 c.
142.51KoBneB A. If. PaCqeT BeTpoTyp6HH C BepTHKanbHoH OCbIO BpaIl{eHHH:
Yqe6. noc06Hei A. If. 5lKoBneB, M. A. 3aryqHaH. - X: Hau. a3poKocM.
YH-T. «XAM». - 2002. - 56c.
143. 5lKoBneB A. If. 3HepreTHqeCKHe xapaKTepHcTHKH BeTporyp6HH C BepTH-
KanbHOH OCbIO BpaIIIeHHHI A. If. 5lKoBneB, M. A. 3aTYtIHaJIII ABHaUHoHo-
KOCMHQeCKaH TeXHHKa H TeXHOJIOrllH. - X.: XAIf. - 1998. - BbIll. 7 -
C. 98 - 102.
144.5[KoBJIeB A. If. Pa60QHe H peryJIHpOBOQHble xapaKTepHCTHKH BeTpoTYP-
6HH lIpOneJIJIepHOrO THlIa/ A. M. 5lKoBneB, M. A. 3ary'IHaJI/1 ABHaUHoHHO-
KOCMHQeCKaH TeXHHKa H TeXHOJIOrHH. - X.: roc. a3poKocM. }'II-T. «XAI1».
-1999.-BbIII. 8.-C. 39-43.
145. 5[KOBJIeB A. If. TIpe06pa30BaHHe H cTa6HJIH3aUHH HalIpHJKeHHH B CHCTeMe
3neKTporeHepHpoBaHHH BeTp03neKTpHQeCKOH YCTaHoBKIi! A. If. 5[KoBneB,
r. A. CTelIaHoBa, A. A. EOHpKHHlI ABHa HoHHo-KOCMH'-IeCKaH TeXHHKa H
TeXHOnOrHJJ. - X: roc. a3pOKOCM. }'II-T «XAH». - 1999. - BbIII. 8.-
C.49-51.
146. 5[KOBJIeB A. M. EMKOCTHOe B036YJK,u;eHHe aBTOHOMHoro aCHHxpoHHoro re-
HepaTopa! A. M. 5lKOBJIeB, E. If. TIaHaQeBHbIH, r. A. CTenaHoBa/l HOBHHH
eHepreTHKH. - 2002. - NQ 3. - C. 52 - 54.
147.5lKoBJIeB A. M. OnTHMH3aUHH eMKOCTH KOH,u;eHCaTOpoB B036YJK,u;eHlIHI
A. If. 5lKOBJIeB, E. M. IIaHaQeBHbIH, r. A. CTenaHoBa!1 BecTHHK HTY
«XTIM». - X - 2001. - N!! 17. - C. 159 - 160.
148. 5[KOBJIeB A. M. Pa3pa60TKa H HCCJIe,u;OBaHHe CHCTeMbI 3neKTporeHepHpo-
BaHHH ,u;JIJJ BeTp03JIeKTpH'IeCKHX YCTaHoBoK ManOH MOIl{HOCTHI
A M. 5lKOBJIeB, R R Ee3pY'IKO, R H. TIaruKoB, A. A. EOHpKllH, P. MMa-
cHII ABHaUHoHHo-KOCMHQeCKaH TeXHHKa H TeXHOJIOrHH. - X.: XAM. -
1997. - q. I. - C. 137 - 144.
149. 5[KOBJIeB A. M. EecKoHTaKTHbIH CHIIXpOHHbIH reHepaTop ManOH MOIl{HOCTH
WIH BeTp03neKTpHQeCKOH YCTaHOBKW A. M. 5lKoBneB, R JJ:. flYII HK,
P. q. MMaccHiI ABHaWIoHHo-KOCMUQeCKaH TeXHHKa H TeXHonorHH.-
X.: roc. a3poKocM. YH-T «XAI1». - 1999. - C. 56 - 61.
150. 5lKOBJIeB A. M. ABTOMaTUQeCKOe peryJIHpOBaHHe B036Yj[()J;eHHH HH3Ko060-
pOTHoro HH,u;YKTopHoro reHepaTopa ,u;JIJI BeTp03JIeKTpHQeCKOH YCTaHoBKnl
A. M. 5[KoBneB, P. MMacH, A. A. EOHpKHH IIABHaUHoHHO-KOCMH'-IeCKaH
TeXHHKa H TeXHOJIOrHH. - X: XAM. - 1998. - N!! 3. -
C. 237 - 241.
151. 5lHYKOBHQ R <:D. TIepclIeKTHBbI 60nbllioH BeTp03HepreTUKHI B. <:D. 5[HYKO-
BHQ, A A. MHHaeBII 3HepreTHKa H 3JIeKTpHIjJHKaU;HH. - 2000. - N!! 5. -
C.1-6.
152. Allison, H. Jack. An elektrikal generator with a variable speed input.
constant breguence output. Oklahama state university, stillwater,
Oklahama. Wich Energy consersion systems. Workshop proceedings.
N.S.F.//NASA,june 1973, Washington.
153. Ford AW. High-frequency alternators, Gen. El. Company (of England),
1947. - V. XIV. -N!! 4. -Po 190-200.
154. Fernandez Diez, Pedro. Energia colica/I Metalucgiz y elea tcicida. 1980.
V. 44. - NQ 509. - P. 63 - 68.
155. Kehl W. The induction generator for wind turbines. EWEC. 86. V. I. sec-
tion, RR 22. - P. 681 - 683.
156. B3Y «Fortis Alize»: TeXHH'IeCKOe onHcaHHe: TIep. C aHrJI. CeBaCTOnOJIb:
CenacT. Hau. TeXH. YH-T. - 2001. - 25 c.
157. Hinweis: Bei den mit gekennzeichneten Jahresertragen stimmt die Summe
der Monatsmeldungen nicht mit der Jahresmeldung uberein. - 1999. -
Ingenieur-Werkstatt Energietechnik. - 191 p.
158. TeXHH'IeCKOe onHcaHHe BeTp0ycTaHoBKH NORDEX N80/2500 MOIl{HO-
CTbIO 2500 KBT: TIep. C aHm. - X: Hau. a3poKocM. YH-T «XAM», 2001.
-7c.
I
394
OrnaBneHMe
OrnaBneHMe
395
I
I
!I
OrJIaBJIeHHe
BBe,u;eHHe .................................................................... 3
rnaBa 1. 06Il{He xapaKTepHCTHKH BeTpo3neKTpHqecKHx YCTaHOBOK 9
1.1. <:DH3HqeCKHe OCHOBbI HClIOJIb30BaHHH 3HeprHH BeTpa .............' 9
1.2.THlIbI BeTpoKonec H HX OCHOBHble xapaKTepHcTHKH ............... 13
1.3. AlIlIpOKCHMaUHH 3Hep1'eTHqeCKHX xapaKTepHcTHK BeTporyp6HH 17
1.4. THlIbI B3Y H HX KJIaCcHIjJHKaUHH ..................................... 22
1.5. Pa3HOBH,u;HOCTH 3neKTpHQeCKHX reHepaTopoB .u;JUI B3Y............ 24
1.6. Co1'nacoBaHHe xapaKTepHcTHK BeTpO)l;BHraTeJIH H 1'eHepaTopa
B3Y.............................................................................. 26
1.7. THIIOBble cxeMbI 1'eHepHpoBaHHH 3neKTpH'leCKOH 3HeprnH
BeTp0YcTaHOBKaMH............................................................. 28
1.8. Co1'nacoBaHHe MOIl{HOCTeH BeTpo,u;BHraTenH H reHepaTopa npH
lIepeMeHHoH QaCTOTe BpaIIIeHHH B3Y ................................ .... 38
1.9. KJIaCCbI B3Y H HX CTPYKTypHble cxeMbI ............................ 43
rnaBa 2. reHeparopbI lIOCTOHHH01'O TOKa............................... 49
2.1. 06Il{He CBe,u;eHHH 0 reHepaTopax nOCTOHHH01'O TOKa ................ 49
2.1.1. KOHCTpYKTHBHaH cxeMa MaruHHbI lIOCTOJlHH01'O TOKa ....... 49
2.1.2. <:DH3HQeCKHe npoueccbI H cooTHorueHIUI B 1'eHepaTopax
nOCTOJlHH01'O TOKa ............................... ........... ....... ... '" 51
2.2. IIoHHTHe 0 peaKl{HH HKOpH H KOMMYTaIJ;HH ......................... 54
2.3. CxeMbI B036YJK,u;eHHH 1'eHepaTopoB lIOCTOHHH01'O TOKa........... .,. 57
2.4. IIoHHTHe 0 caMoB036YJK,u;eHHH 1'eHepaTopa lIOCTOHHH01'O TOKa.... 58
2.5. XapaKTepHcTHKH reHepaTopoB lIOCTOHHH01'O TOKa ................ 59
2.6. Oco6eHHocTH lIapanneJIbHOH pa60TbI reHepaTopoB lIOCTOHHH01'O
TOKa ............................................................................ 63
2.6.1. YcnOBHH H lIOpJl)l;OK BKJIIOQeHHH 1'eHepaTopoB
Ha napanJIenbHYIO pa60TY ...... ..... ......................... ...... .... 63
2.6.2. PaclIpe,u;eJIeHHe H lIepeBO)l; Ha1'pY3KH .......................... 65
2.6.3. Oco6eHHocTH lIapannenbHoH pa60TbI reHepaTopoB
CMellIaHH01'O B036YJK,u;eHHH ............................................. 66
2.6.4. Pa60Ta reHepaTopa lIOCTOHHH01'O TOKa Ha 3apJl)l;KY
aKKYMYnHTopHoH 6aTapeH................................................. 68
2.6.5. Pa60Ta 1'eHepaTopa B 6yljJep C aKKYMynHTopHoH 6aTapeeH... 69
2.7. IIepeXO)l;Hble npoueccbI B 1'eHepaTopax lIocroJlHH01'O TOKa ......... 70
2.7.1. COOTHOllIeHHH B lIpouecce CaMOBo36Yj[()J;eHHH.. . . .. .. . . . .. . .... 70
2.7.2. BHe3alIHoe KOpOTKOe 3aMbIKaHHe .............................. 74
2.8. 3neKTpH'leCKaJl CHCTeMa B3Y C 1'eHepaTopoM nOCTOJlHH01'O roKa 76
2.9. Co1'nacoBaHHe lIapaMeTpOB reHepaTopa lIOCTOHHH01'O roKa C
xapaKTepHcTHKaMH BeTpOTyp6HH pa3JIUQH01'O THIIa ...................... 77
2.9.1. MOIl{HOCTHbIe XapaKTepHcTUKH BeTpoTyp6HH pa3JIUQH01'O
TUlIa .......................................................................... 77
2.9.2. COBMeIl{eHHe MOIl{HOCTHbIX xapaKTepHcTHK BeTporyp6HH
H 1'eHepaTopoB ...... ............. ............ ........................ ..... 78
2.10. 3KclIepHMeHTanbHOe onpe,u;eJIeHHe 3Hep1'eTHQeCKHX
xapaKTepHcTHK B3Y ......................................... ....... ........... 82
rnaBa 3. CHHXpoHHble 1'eHepaTopbI.... ......................... .., 87
3.1. YCTpOHCTBO H npHHl{HlI ,u;eHcTBHH CHHXPOHHbIX MallIHH........ 87
3.1.1. Ha3HaQeHHe H OCHOBHbIe THlIbI CHHXPOHHbIX MaruHH ...... 87
3.1.2. KOHCTpYKTHBHaH cxeMa CHHXpOHHOH MaruHHbI ................ 88
3.1.3. IIpHHWIlI ,u;eHcTBHH CHHXpOHHOro 1'eHepaTopa ................ 89
3.104. TIpHHUHlI ,u;eHCTBHH CHHxpoHHo1'o ,u;BU1'aTeJIH ............... 90
3.2. Pa60Ta CHHXpOHHOH MaruHHbI lIO,u; Ha1'pY3KoH .................... .... 92
3.2.1. TIoHHTHe 0 peaKWIH HKOpH ...................................... 92
3.2.2. YpaBHeHHH 3JIeKTpH'-leCK01'O paBHoBecHH H BeKTopHble
,u;Ha1'paMMbI CHHXpOHHOH MaruHHbI .... ............................ .... 95
3.2.3. Pa60Ta CHHxpoHHo1'o 1'eHepaTopa Ha aBToHoMHYIO Ha1'pY3KY 96
3.3. TIapannenbHaH pa60Ta CHHxpoHHo1'o 1'eHepaTopa C MOIl{HOH
ceTbIO ..... ..... .......... .......................................... ....... ..... 98
3.3.1. YCJIOBHH BKnIOQeHHH CHHxpoHHo1'o 1'eHepaTopa Ha
lIapanneJIbHYIO pa60ry .............. .............. ........ .............. 98
3.3.2. 06IIIHe npHHUHnbI peryJIHpOBaHHH MOIl{HOCTH 1'eHepaTopa
lIPH lIapanneJIbHOH pa60Te C ceTbIO............................ ..... ..... 99
3.3.3. V-06pa3Hble xapaKTepHcTHKH CHHXpOHHOH MaruHHbI......... 102
3.304. Y1'nOBaJI xapaKTepHcTHKa HeJlBHOlIOJIIOCH01'O 1'eHepaTopa.... 102
3.3.5. CTaTH'-IeCKaH H )l;HHaMHQeCKaH YCTOHQHBOCTb
lIapanneJIbHOH pa60TbI cr C ceTbIO ................................... 104
3.3.6. Y1'JIOBaH xapaKTepHCTHKa HBHOnOJIIOCH01'O CHHxpoHHo1'o
1'eHepaTopa .................................................................. 108
3 A. Oc06eHHocTH pa60TbI cr Ha BbIIIpHMHTeJIbHYIO Ha1'pY3KY ...... 109
3.5. CxeMbI B036YJK,u;eHHH CHHXpOHHbIX 1'eHepaTopoB .................... 112
3.6. CHHXpoHHble 1'eHeparopbI,u;JIH B3Y ................................... 116
3.6.1. CHHxpoHHble reHepaTopbI THna rc, rcc, rC<:D cepHHHo1'o
npOH3BO)l;CTBa .. ......... ..... ........................... ............... ..... 116
3.6.2. CHHxpoHHbIe 1'eHepaTopbI THlIa B3r ManoH MOIl{HOCTH
e)l;HHH'IHOrO npOH3Bo,u;cTBa .................................... ..... .... 120
3.6.3. B03MOJKHOCTH YlIpOIl{eHHH KOHCTpyKIJ;HH pOTopa
MH01'OlIOJIIOCH01'O CHHxpoHHo1'o 1'eHepaTopa ........................... 122
3.6.4. )J:aHHbIe paCQeTa H HClIbITaHHH CHHXpoHHo1'o reHepaTopa
B3r-5-750 ......... .................. ................. ........ .............. 126
3.7. TIpHMepbI lIocTpoeHHH B3Y C CHHXpOHHbIMH 1'eHepaTopaMH...... 130
3.7.1. BeTp03HepreTHQeCKaJI YCTaHOBKa AB3-250C .................. 130
3.7.2. Pe3YJIbTaTbI pa60TbI B3C C B3Y AB3-250C
(1993 - 20001'1'.) .... ...... ........... ....... ...... ..... .................. 135
II
II
396
OrnaBneHMe
Ii
III
3.7.3. Y CTaHOBKa BeTp03JIeKTpHqeCKaH YB3-1O.................... ...
3.7.4. Oco6eHHOCTH B3Y cepHH AB3Y lIpOH3Bo.u;CTBa «BeTp03H»
3.7.5. XapaKTepHCTHKH pa60TbI B3Y cepHH AB3Y-4 C
CHHXpOHHbIM reHepaTopoM B3r -5-750..............................
rJIaBa 4. CHHXpoHHble reHepaTOpbI C nOCTOHHHbIMH MarHHTaMH
4.1. 06IIIaH xapaKTepHCTHKa ............................................ ....
4.2. KOHCTPYKUHH reHepaTopoB C nOCTOHHHbIMH MarnHTaMH ...........
4.3. OCHoBHble CBOHCTBa H xapaKTepHcTHKH lIOCTOHHHbIX MarnHTOB...
4.3.1. IIapaMeTpbI H xapaKTepHCTHKH cOBpeMeHHblx
MarHHToTBep.u;blx MaTepHanoB............. ... ............................
4.3.2. <:DH3H'-1eCKHe npoueccbI B3aHMo.u;eHcTBHH lIOCTOJlHHOrO
MarHHTa H MarHHTHOH uelIH ..............................................
4.3.3. CooTHoIlleHHH .u;JIH paCqeTa nOCTOHHHbIX MarHHTOB ...........
4.3.4. COOTHOIlleHlUl.u;nH MarHHTHOH uelm C nOCTOJlHHbIM
MarnHTOM ...................................................................
4.4. PaCqeT MarHHTHoH uelIH C nOCTOHHHbIMH MarHHTaMH ............
4.5. 3JIeKTpOMarHHTHbIH paCqeT CHHXPOHHbIX reHepaTopoB C
lIOCTOHHHbIMH MarnHTaMH ....................................................
4.5.1. BbI60p 3JIeKTpoMarHHTHbIX HarpY30K H olIpeLleneHHe
rnaBHbIX pa3MepoB CrTIM................... ....... .. ............. .......
4.5.2. PaCqeT 06'beMa nOCTOHHHbIX MarHHTOB H reOMeTpHqeCKHX
pa3MepOB pOTopa............................................................
4.5.3. PaCqeT 06MOTKH H MarHHTOnpoBo.u;a HKOpH.. ................_..
4.5.4. PaCqeT napaMeTpoB 06MOTKH cTaTopa .........................
4.5.5. PaCqeT npoBo.u;HMocTeH pacceHHHH HH,u;YKTOpa H
olIpe.u;eneHHe pa3MepoB poTopa ..................... .....................
4.5.6. PaCqeT MarHHTHoH uelIH H lIOCTpoeHHe pa60qeH
.u;HarpaMMbI MarHHTOB ............................................... ....
4.6. PeJKHMbI pa60TbI cr C lIOCTOHHHbIMH MarHHTaMH ...................
4.6.1. 3)J:C xonocToro xo.u;a H napaMeTpbI CrTIM ................ ....
4.6.2. Pa60Ta crIIM lIPH HarpY3Ke. BHeIIIHHH xapaKTepHCTHKa H
BeKTopHaH .u;HarpaMMa .................................................. ...
4.6.3. IIocTpoeHHe BHeIIIHeH xapaKTepHCTHKH CrTIM................
4.6.4. AKTHBHaJI MOIl{HOCTb H 3neKTpOMarHHTHbIH MOMeHT CrTIM
4.6.5. OlIpe.u;eneHHe MaCCbI aKTHBHbIX MaTepHanoB, nOTepb H
KTI)J: reHepaTopa .........................................................
4.7. TIpHMep 3neKTpoMarHHTHoro paCqeTa CHHxpoHHoro reHepaTopa C
nOCTOHHHbIMH MarHHTaMH H3 Heo.u;HM-JKene30-6opa ...................
4.8. TIpHMepbI HcnonHeHHH H npHMeHeHHH cr C nOCTOHHHbIMH
MarHHTaMH B B3Y ..................... ..................................... ...
4.8.1. cr THna rCMIII32-MBI8 HOBoKaxoBcKoro 3M3
«!OJK3neKTpoMaru» ........................................................
OrnaBneHMe
,I
397
136
141
4.8.2. B03MOJKHOCTH YlIpOIl{eHHH KOHCTpYKUHH HH3Koo6opOTHbIX
cr C nOCTOJlHHbIMH MarHHTaMH..........................................
4.8.3. B3Y «Fortis Alize» ManoH MOIl{HOCTH C HH3KOo6opoTHbIM
cr C nOCTOHHHbIMH MarHHTdMH..........................................
4.8.4. TeXHH'-IeCKHe .u;aHHbIe OT.u;enbHbIX B3Y ManoH MOIl{HOCTH
(repMaHHH) C CHHXpOHHbIMH reHepaTopaMH C nOCTOHHHbIMH
MarHHTaMH .............. .................................................. ...
rnaBa 5. ACHHXpoHHbIe reHepaTopbI ........................................
5.1. 06Il{aH XapaKTepHCTHKa Ar ..........................................
5.2. YCTpOHCTBO H npHHUHn .u;eHCTBHH A)J, .................................
5.2.1. YCTpOHCTBO aCHHxpoHHOH MaruHHbI .............................
5.2.2. TIpHHUHn .u;eHcTBHH H OCHOBHbIe COOTHOIlleHlUI B A)J, ..... ....
5.3. Pa60Ta AM, no.u;KJIIOqeHHOH K ceTH, B reHepaTopHoM peJKHMe....
5.3.1. <:DH3HqeCKHe npoueCCbI H COOTHOIlleHHH BAr..................
5.3.2. Oco6eHHocTH napannenbHoH pa60TbI Ar C CeTbIO.
CpaBHeHHe C cr .........................................................
5.4. ACHHxpoHHaH MaIIIHHa C .u;ByxcnoHHbIM pOTOpOM B reHepaTop-
HOM peJKHMe .......................................................................
5.4.1. ACHHXpOHHbIH' )J;BHraTenb cepHH AH111-4 C )l;ByxcnoHHbIM
poTOpOM .......................... ..................... ......................
5.4.2. IfCnbITaHHe AM AH111-4 C .u;BYXCJIOHHbIM pOTOpOM B
reHepaTopHoM peJKHMe .....................................................
5.5. Pa60Ta aCHHxpoHHoro reHepaTopa B aBTOHOMHOM peJKHMe ........
5.5.1. TIpHHUHlI .u;eHCTBHH aCHHxpoHHoro reHepaTopa ...............
5.5.2. CaMoB036Yj[()J;eHHe aCHHxpoHHoro reHepaTopa ................
5.5.3. 3KCnepHMeHTanbHoe olIpe.u;eJIeHHe eMKOCTH KoH.IieHcaTo-
pOB B036Yj[()J;eHHH .................................................................
5.6. XapaKTepHcTHKH acHHxpoHHoro reHepaTopa B aBTOHOMHOM
peJKHMe pa60TbI ..... ...... ...................................................
5.6.1. Pa60qHe xapaKTepHcTHKH aBTOHOMHoro Ar...... ..............
5.6.2. 3KCnepHMeHTanbHoe HCCJIe.u;OBaHHe BHeIIIHHX
xapaKTepHcTHK aBTOHOMHoro Ar.. ................ .................... ..
5.6.3. 3HepreTHqeCKaH .u;HarpaMMa, lIOTepH H KTI)J: aCHHxpoHHoro
reHepaTopa ..................................................................
5.6.4. IIpHMepbI paCqeTa THXOXO.u;HbIX Ar Manon MOIIIHOCTII ....
5.7. PerYJmpOBaHHe qaCTOTbI H HalIpHJKeHHH aBTOHOMHoro Ar .....
5.7.1. 06IIIHe lIpo6JIeMbI perYJIHpOBaHHH Ar ..........................
5.7.2. CTa6HnH3aIJ;HH HanpHJKeHIUI H qaCTOTbI Ar .. ...................
5.7.3. IfHBepTopHbIH aCHHxpoHHbIH reHepaTop .....................
5.7.4. ABTOMaTHqeCKaH cra6HnH3aUHH HarpY3KH Ar .................
5.8. IIpHMepbI nocrpoeHHH B3Y C aCHHXpoHHbIMH reHepaTopaMH....
5.8.1. B3Y ManOH MOIIIHOCTH pa3pa6oTKH XAIf ...................
141
147
147
147
152
152
156
157
159
163
166
166
169
172
178
182
186
190
190
192
199
201
202
205
217
217
218
220
223
227
227
229
229
230
236
236
239
243
243
244
247
247
248
256
259
259
267
269
272
274
274
276
280
281
284
284
398
OrnasneHMe
5.8.2. B3Y cpe.u;HeH MOIl{HOCTH cepHH USW 56 - 100 ............
5.8.3. BeTp03neKTpHQeCKaH YCTaHoBKa B3Y - 500 .............. ....
5.8.4. BeTpoycTaHoBKH 6onbIlloH MOruHOCTH C Ar IjJHpMbI
«Nordex» ...... .... ..... ....... .... .,. ........... ....... .,. ... .... .... .....
5.8.5. MH,u;.u;eJIbrpYH,u;eHCKaH B3C.......................................
rnaBa 6. EeCKOHTaKTHbIe reHepaTopbI nepeMeHHoro TOKa C
3neKTpoMarHHTHbIM B036Yj[()J;eHHeM....................................
6.1. 06ruaH xapaKTepHCTHKa 6ecrueTOQHbIX CHHXpOHHbIX
reHepaTopoB .....................................................................
6.2. IfH.u;yKTopHbIe CHHXpOHHble reHepaTOpbI ...........................
6.2.1. llpHHUHn .u;eHcTBHH HH.u;YKTOpHoro cr..........................
6.2.2. Pacnpe.u;eJIeHHe MarHHTHoro IIOJIH B HH.u;YKTOPHbIX
reHepaTopax .................................................................
6.2.3. MarHHTHbIe IIOTOKH H 3)J:C B HH)J;yKTOpHbIX reHeparopax B
pa3JIH'lHbIX peJKHMaX .... ....................................... .... .....
6.3. CHHXpoHHble reHepaTopbI C Korreo6pa3HbIMH nomocaMH .......
6.3.1. llPHHUHII .u;eHcTBHH, KJIaCcHIjJHKaU;HH H YCTpOHCTBO
CHHXpOHHbIX MalliHH C Korreo6pa3HbIMH nomocaMH ...............
6.3.2. CHHXpoHHble reHeparopbI cepHH crBM .u;JIH B3Y cepHH
AB3Y .....................................................................
6.3.3. ABToMo6HnbHble 6eCKOHTIlKTHble reHepaTopbI MaJIOH
MOIl{HOCTH ...................................................................
6.4. EeCKOHTaKTHbIe CHHXpoHHble reHepaTopbI C cOBMerueHHbIMH
06MoTKaMH ......................................................................
6.4.1. llPHHIJ;HII nocTpoeHHH Ecr C cOBMerueHHbIMH o6MOTKaMH ..
6.4.2. Pe3YJIbTaTbI HCnbITaHHH OnbITHOrO Ecr Ha 6a3e AA cepHH
AIfP-90 .................... ......... ............... ...... ... .......... .....
6.4.3. PeryJIHTOp HaIIpHJKeHHJI HH3Ko06opoTHoro HH)I;YKTopHoro
reHepaTopa ..................................................................
6.4.4. )J:aHHble paCQeTa cr C cOBMerueHHbIMH o6MoTKaMH Ha
CTaTOpe ................................................................. '"
6.4.5. ABTOHOMHbrH cr O.u;eccKoro HTY ..............................
6.4.6. IfCnbITaHHH pa3JIH'lHbIX BapHaHTOB HH,u;YKTOpHOrO
reHepaTopa C cOBMerueHHbIMH o6MOTKaMH Ha CTaTOpe ............
6.5. EecKoHTaKTHbIH CHHXpOHHbrH reHepaTop C H3MeHHIOrueHCJI
CTpYKTYPOH 06MOTKH pOTopa ..............................................
6.5.1. llpHHUHn )l;eHCTBHH Ecr C H3MeHJIIOrueHCJI CTpYKTYPOH
06MOTKH .....................................................................
6.5.2. COOTHOIlleHHH )l;JIH 3)J:C H TOKOB 06MOTKH poropa .........
6.5.3. PeryJIHTOp B036Yj[()J;eHHH )l;JIH ECr C nepeMeHHoH
CTpYKTYPOH 06MOTKH pOTopa [136] ...................................
6.6. ACHHXpOHH3HpoBaHHble CHHXpOHHble MaruHHbI ...................
OrnasneHMe
399
287
293
'298
300
6.6.1. TIpHHl{Hn .u;eHcTBHH ACM
6.6.2. ACHHXpOHH3HpoBaHHbIH r ; .; .B3C.......................
3aKJIIO'-IeHHe..... ..... ..........
ll p HJIOJKe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. HHH.................
EH6nHorpaljJH'-IeCKHH cnHc """"""""""""""""""""""'"
.......................
.....................
304
304
306
306
308
310
313
313
319
323
324
324
327
329
332
333
334
336
336
338
341
343
343
346
352
353
382
Yqe6HOe H3,u;aHlfe
KpHBUOB Bna,u;HMHp CTaHHcnaBOBH'-I
OneHHHKOB AlIeKCaH,u;p MHXaHnOBH'-I
5[KOBJIeB AlIeKCaH,u;p IfBaHOBHq
HEIfCqEPTIAEMMl3HEPnrn
KHHra 1
BETP03flEKTPorEHEPATOPbI
Pe,u;aKTOp T. B. CaBqeHKO
CB. ImaH, 2003
TIo,u;nHcaHo B neqaTb 11.06.2003
<1>opMaT 60x84 1/16. EYM. oljJc. N!!2. OljJc. rreq.
Ycn. neq. n. 22,2. Yq.-m,u;. n. 25. T. 1000 3K3. 3aKa3 271. [(eHa cBo6olIHaH
HaUHOHaJIbHbIH a3pOKOCMH'-IeCKHH YHHBepCHTeT HM. H.E. )KYKOBCKoro
«XapbKOBCKHH aBHaUHOHHbIH HHCTHTYT»
61070, XapbKoB-70, yn. qKaJIOBa, 17
http://www.khai.edu
CeBaCTorronbCKHH HaUHOHaJIbHbIH TeXHHqeCKHH YHHBepCHTeT
99053, CeBacTOnonb-53, CTpeJIeUKaH 6aJIKa, Cry,u;. ropO,u;OK
dee @ sevqtu.sevastopol.ua
Ih,u;aTenbCKHH ueH'rp «XAH»
61070, XapbKoB-70, yn. qKaJIOBa, 17
izdat@khai.edu
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