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HHe, 1989. - 192 c.: HJI.
ISBN 5.217.00426-6
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I 2704040000-158 158-89
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ISBN 5-217-00426-6 @ H3J1aTeJlbCTBO «MallluHocTpoeHHe:' J 1989
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28
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30
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2-715 33
w.aerCH MeAJleHHee, 'IeM 33rOTOBKa, a npH CBHH'IHBaHHH 'IaCTOTa Bpa-
w.eHHH HHCTpYMeHTa aBTOMaTHileCKH YBeJlH'IHBaeTCR, 'ITO o(Secne'lH-
BaeT HHCTpYMeHTY peBepCHpOBaHHe.
2.10. n.nA.HETA.PHOE HA.I(A.ThlBA.HHE
(nnaHeTapHoe HaKaTblBaHHe - caMblH npOH3BOAHTenbHblA cnocoO
Ha aTblaaHHR pe3b6, TaK KaK OHO n03BOJIAer npoH3BOAHTb HenpepblB-
HYJO H OAHOBpeMeHHYJO 06pa60TKY HeCKOJlbKHX 3arOTOBOK. ,UJlH noro
cnoc06a XapaKTepHa nOJlHaJl aBTOMaTH38unJl, CaMaJl BbiCOKaA eToA-
KOCTb pe3b6006pa6aTbiBaJOwero HllcTpYMeHTa, BblCOK3R TO'lHOCTb H
CTa6HJJbHOCfb.
nnaHerapHoe HaKaTblBaHHe HapY>KIIOH pe3b6b1 ocyl1teCTBJlHeTCR
no HeCKOJJbKHM cxeMaM: pOJlHKOM-cenceHToM; pO.'HKOM-KOJlbUOM;
ABYMR napaMH POJlHKOB-CerMeHTOIJ npH HaKJlO HOii KOMrIOHOBKe pa-
6olfero WrIHHAenR; ABYM" napaMH POJlHKoB.cerMeHTOB npH ropH30H-
TaJlbHoA KOMnOHOBKe pa60'lero WnHHAeJlft; ABYMJI napawH POJlHKOB-
cer)oaeHTOB nocneAOBarenbHO Ha AByxwnHHAenbHoM CTaIiKe.
,OcHOBHOH JlBnJleTCR nepBaR cxeMa (pHC. 11, a), npH KOTOpoA 3a-
rOTOBKa npOKaTblB3eTCJI B HanpaBJleHHH cTpenKH S Me>KAY BorH)'ToA
'1aCTbJO pe3b60BOro cerr.teHT3 H HenpepblBHo Bpaw.aJOIU,HMCA pUb60-
BWM pOJlHKOM (! '1acrOToH n. 3arOToBKH, nocTynaJOw.He H3 6YHKepa,
nepHOAH'IeCKH nOJl.aJOTCH 3arpY30'IHblM YCTPO'fcTBOM T3K, 'ITO B 30He
HaKaTblBaHHJI Bce BpeMJI HaXOAHTCR oAHa HJlH HeCKonbKO 3arOTOBOK,
napannenbHO npOXOARIllHX Bce Tanlll cIIopMoo6pa30BaHHJI pe3b6b1.
CTaHKH AnJl nJiaHeTapHoro HaKaTblBaHHJI 06pa6aTbiBalOT OT ABYX
.110 ABaAUaTH 3ar TOBOK Ha OAHH 060POT ponHKa B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT
pa3Mepa pe3b6b1) .
npH HaKarbl8aHHH pe3b6w POJlHKOM-KO.'lbUOM (pHC 11,6) Tpe6y-
ercJI oceBaH 3arpY3Ka 3arOTOBOK B pa60'lYJO 30HY. 3Ty cxeMy npH-
MeHJlIOT AJlJI JJt!T3neH THna wnHneK H nporioK He60Jlbworo AHUleTpa,
lie HUeIOWH)( rOJlOBOK.
BonbwyJO npOH3BOAHTeJJbHOCTb 06eCne'lHAaeT nnaHeTapHoe HIJKa-
TblB3HHe pe3b6b1 ABYMJI napaMH HHcTpYMeHToB. CTaHKH, B KOTOpblX
wnHHJ] b HMeeT 06b1'1HYIO KOMnoHoBKY (pHC. 17, B). MeHee YA06HbI
BCJle CTBHe TpYAoeMKoA YCTaHoBKH pOJlHKOB H MorYT 6b1Tb npHMe-
H("Mbi JlHWb AJiH 06pa60TKH WrIHJleK, HMelOlUHX O.l1HHaKOBYIO pe3b6y
Ha KOHuax, HO nOA06Hwe wnHnbKH peAKO BCTpelialOTCR B npoHJBOA-
CTBe_ Bonee nepcneKTHBH3 ropH30HTanbHaJl KOMnOHOBKa CTaHKa
(pHC. 17,2). OHa n03BOnReT o6ecne'lHTb p33AeJlbHYJO nOAHaJlaAKY
HHCTpYMeHTOB H npeJl.Ha3Ha'ieHa AJlJI nOJlY'IeIlHR pe3b6b1 Ha AeTaJlRX
THna CTpeMAHOK npaKTH'IeCKH JlI060A AJlHHbI, TaK KaK OAHa napa
HHCTpYMeHTOB MO>KeT nepeMel1taTbCR OTHOCHTenbHO APyroA B oce-
BOM 113npaBneHHH. nocneAOB3TeJlbHoe lIaK3TblBaKHe pe3b6b1 ABYMSI
napaMH HHcTpYMeHTOB (pHC. 11, d) Ha AByxwnHHAenbHoM CTaHKe
HaH6o.nee YAOOHO It 3KCnJlyaTauHH, TaK KaK .D.JlR Hero xapaKTepHa
He3aBHcHMaA HanaAKa Ka>KAoA napbl HHcTpYMeHToB.
I)
I)
I)
PKC 17 CxeMw nJ18l1erapKoro 118KaTblBallKR PUbOW'
G - POJlMK"" cen'CMTUM, .; - PUJ1M,",O"'KOllb\tO": fl. l- AIY"K n3pa..K MI&C11l)'''CMTU. u....
IIOIpeMCMIIU; tJ - ....Y..M napalfM MMC11IY"CKToa n JlCAOlnC,(bMO , - .MY11I KMeA 3.ebl
nnalleT3pHoe HaKaTblBaHHe npUMeHRIOT H .anR 06pa60TKH BHYT-
peHHeA peJb6b1 (pHC. 17, e). HaKaTbiBallHe ocyut.ecnnReTcR C no-
MOut.blO 3aKa.1eHHIoIX MaCTep.BanHKoB. CxeMY Hcnonb3YIOT J1.nH OA.
HOBpeMellHoro H3rOTOBnellHR ..D.BYX pe3bOoHaKDTllbi x HllcTpYMeH-
TOB - Konbua H ponHKa - .11.0 HX TepMU'IeCI\O'"\ 06pa60TKH.
06pa60T3Hllbie TaKHM 06paJOM MHOrOJDXOJlllbie pO.1HKH H Konbua
no.aBeprDIOT 3ilTeM TepMH eCKOH o6pa60TKe H HCnOnbJYIOT Ka CTC)U.
KDX J1..1n n.1,IIICTDplloro naKDTlJnallllR Hap) >KIiOli pCJb6b1.
2"
2.11. HAKATblBAHHE nnOCKHMH nnAWKAMH
HaK3TblBaHHe nJlOCKHMH nnalliKaMH caMblH pacnpOCTpaHeHHbUf
cnoco6 HaKaT BaHHft pe3b6 . OH xapaKTepH3yeTcH B COKOH npo-
H3BO)J.HTeJ1bHOCTblO, Bb1COKOH CTeneHbJO aBTOMaTH3aUHH H 6b1CTpOH
nepeHaJla>KHBaeMOCTblO 060pY OBaHHH C O,D..HOro pa3Mepa pe3b6b1 H3
JtpyrOH. 3THM cnoco6oM o6pa6aThlBalOT 60JJTbI, BHHThI, wypynbl C
rOJIOBKaMH, WnHJJbKH C 6ypTaMH. Ha pHC. 18. a nOK33BHa npocTeH-
waft pa3HOBHJI.HOCTb cnoco6a H3K3Tb1B3HHSI pe3bobl- ABYMSI nJ13m-
KaMH. H3 KOTOpblX OAHa HenO.l{BH>KHa, a l1pyraH cOBepwaeT B03spaT-
"0- nocTyn aTeJIbHoe .llBH1KeH He.
Cnoco6 tl3CTO HcnoJlb3YlOT JJ)IH HaKaTblB3HHH pe3bo C KpynHhlM
marOM Ha wypynax c 06b1qR M (pHC. )8 6) HJlM C 3aocTpeHHblM
(pRC. 18, 8) KOHl{OM.
nn3WKaMH MOiKHO OJ1HOBpeMeHHO OpMHpOBaTb H3 3arOTOBK3X
pH<pJICllnC H pC3b6y (pHC. 18, e). npH 3TOM 0)1H8 '18CTb pa6o'lero xo-
a Hcnonh3yeTcH nH $OpMHpoBaHHH O HOH n08epxHocTH 3arOTOB-
KH. a -lI.pyraH 1.IaCTb AJUI OpMHpoBaHHfl ApyroH ee nOBepXHocTH.
PHtPJIeHHH MorYT 6b1Tb H3KJIOHHblMH (pHC. 18, d) .
Ha pHC. 18, e nOK33aH3 cxeMa HaKaTblBaHIiH 3a O.lJ.HH pa60tlHH
XOJl. n.n a UIKH Jl.oyx nOBepxHo-
cTefc pe3b6h1 H KaHaSKH. npH
3TOM HcnoJlb3ylOTcH cocrB B"
"ble n,,13WKH. B KOTopble AJUI
$OpMHpOB3HHH K8HaBKH
BCT3BJIHIOT n..10CKHe KnHHO-
Bble nJIaCTHHbI.
n.na WI<H .RBw1HIOTCfI caMbiM
ytt06HblM HHcTpYMeHToM A H
o6pa6oTKH KO bueB X KaHa-
BOK c pa3J1HQHblM npocj1HJJeM
(pHC. 18, ). I1x HcnOJlb3Y-
lOT .tI,JUI H8 K3ThlB3HHfl .lJ,BYX
nep eKp eIltH sa IOl1.\HXCJI pH 4»-
JIeHHA (puc. 18, 3). Ha pHC.
18. u nOKa33Ha cxeMa HaK8-
T BaHHH 33 O HH pa60 RH
XO BYX noaepXHOCTeH (cnH-
paJJbHblX KaHaBOK H pe3b6b1).
npH 3TOM nO.l\BH>KHaB nnarn-
K3 B4Il SI eTCH CT a Hlla pTHoA t a
-;% -6)
iij f
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36
Pue. ] 8. CxeM bl ua Ka TblB8 UHJI pe3b.
6b1 nJlOct\HM U nMttaUJK8MH:
a -. Ht!IIOA8H1KHOA II nUJ18HJtnl.oA 6, 6,
i:, d t. , :J, I pa3J1H H.bI:C: pe3 O H
nOBepXII ocTeA ,; - Jl8)'WM nQ;tBH]I( HW
.. H nJlaW 1I W.U B U.CHTp8't
uenOJ!.BHJKHaH HMeeT B Cepe.aHHe BCT3BKY J(Jl5I OpMHpOBaHHH K3H3-
BOK.
Bee YKa33HHble cxeMbi npHMeHHIOT B OCHOBHOM .D.JHI HaKaTblS3-
HHH pe3b6h1 H3 MeJlKHX sarOTOBKax.
npHHltHnHanbHo OTJlHqaeTCH OT HHX HaKaTblBBHHe J1BYMH no..
BH}KHblMH DJI3WKaMH B ueHTpax (pHC 18, ). 06h111110 CT3HKH. pa..
60TalOlltHe no 3TOA cxeMe, HMelOT ropH30HTanbHYlO KOMnoHOBKY: JJH
npaBHJIbHOH OTHOCHTeJIbHoA YCTaHoBKH pe3b6b1 .D.BYX nJJaweK no wa-
ry ocyw.ecTBJUIIOT n pO.l1oJtbHoe pery JI HpOBaH He HHCTp YMeHT a.
OcooeHHO 3«p<peKTHBHO npHMeHeHHe CTaHKOB C BYMH napaMH
nJl3WeK. KOTophie n03BOJlHIOT BeCTH OJlHOBpeMeHHoe HaK8TblBaHHe
Ha j1eTaJIHX THna aana (,a.HaMeTpOM 40 42 MM) ):(.syx nOBepXHOCTeH:
pa3RH\lHblX pe3b6 HJlH pe3b6h1 H WJlHu,a, wnHU8 " 3y6beB " T. n.
n p H 3TOM .n.OCTHr aeTCH Heo6xo.ll. H M aft TOt{ HOCTb B3a H M HorD p aCJlOJlO"
>KeHHH JlBYX OAHOBpeMeHHO o6pa6aTbiBaeMbiX nOBepXHOCTeA )leT3J1H
OTHOCHTeJlbHO Apyr J1pyra H OTHOCHTeJ1bHO OCH, a paCCTOHHHe Me>K.l!Y
o6pa6aTblB3eMblMH nOBepXHOCTHMH npaKTHIJeCKH He HMeeT orpaHH-
1JeHHH. HeltOCTaTK3MH 3Toro cnoco6a HBnHIOTCH BhlCOKaH CTOHMOCTb
06oPY.AOaaHHH, CJJO>KHOCTb KOHCTPYKUHH H 60JlbWHe pa3Mephi HHCT-
PYMeHTa.
2.12. HAKATblBAHHE POnHKAMH
HaK3TblSBHHe pOJlHKaMH - caMbiA YHHBepCBJIbHbU1 H TOQHhlH cno-
coO HaKaTblBaHHJI, xapaKTepH3YJOntHACH HaJ.i6onee WHpOKHMR Tex-
HOJlorHQeCKHMH B03MO>KHOCTRMH "PH U3rOTOBJIeHHH pe3b6bf pa3JlHIl-
Hb3X .lIH3MeTp08, .lI.JlHHbI Ii TOtlHOCTH. npM 3TQM cnoco6e npHMeH uoT
1I3lIte BCero JJ.B3 ponHK3, pe>Ke TpH.
B 33BHCHMOCTH OT xapaKTepa nO aqH HHcTpYMeHTa pa3 Hqa T
TP" pa3HoB H 4HOCTH 3Toro cnoco6a: 1) c pa HanbHo nOAaqeA po.
nHKOB; 2) C TaHreHUHaJJbHOH JlOAaqeH 3arOTOElKH; 3) C OCeBOIt no,na-
qeA 3arOTOBKH.
H aKa TYBaHHe C PUHaJlbHOH nOAaqeA pOJI RHO. (p He 19) - H a H-
60nee pacnpocTpaHeHHblR cnoco6 HaKaTblBaHHH pOJ1HKaMH, TaK KaK
npH 3TOM npHMeHRIOTCH npocTeHwHe OCHaCTK3 H HHCTpYMeHT. qallle
Bcero npHMeHJieTCH cxeMa HaKaTb[BaHHH Ha Home ABYMH Bpaw.a1O-
IUHMHCJI pOJIKKaMH, O,llHH H3 KOTOpblX HMeeT pa,aHaJIbHylO nOJl.alfY
(pHC. 19, a).
CxeMa OJ1HOBpeMeHHor-o HaKaTblsaHHH J1BYX 3arOTOBOK OJl.HOH na..
pOR WHpOKHX ponHKOB C pa HanbHoH no aqeA HHCTpYMeHTa nOKa.
3aHB H3 pHC. 19. 6. HaKaThlBaHHe no 3TOH cxeMe u.eJ]ecoo6p33HO )lJlH
3arOTOBOK, KOH4Hirypau.HH KOTOpblX n03B0J1Her JlerKO OCYlU.eCTBHTb
HX aBToMaTH3HpoBaHHYlO nOllaqy H C'beM co CT3HK3. HaKaTbJBaHHe
pe3b6h1 C cHMMeTpHQHOH nOJ{3QeH pOJlHKQB (pHC. 19t 6) o6eCnettHaa-
eT HaH60Jlee HaJJ,e>KHYJO o6pa6oTKY pe3b6h1 B ll.eHTpax.
CxeMa OJ1HOBpeMeHHoro H3K3TblB3HHjI .!lBYX OllHH3KOBhlX HJlH
pa3J1HQHblX pe3bO Ha t1BYX O.l1HOHMeHHblX 3arOTOBKax npHBe..a.eHa H8
37
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PKC. 19. CxeMw HSKaTW88HKII penIS.. po-
JIIINSMK c: paAHlnlllloK noAI..d:
Q - a.YII" POIIMUMM III 1I0Jlle; /I - oAlLol
alpoA pOJiliao. a.,. 3arOTo a OalloapelletlllO.
. - ( ("MM.."M..ol nOA.lleA pOIIII.OtI, I -
a.YMII nlp."11 pOllMIIO. a.ya uroro_ OAIIO'
IIptMtllIIO. iJ. t - tpeMIi pOll.......... - - A8)"
Mil POJl..UMIL UlyrptMMeli pe3 "
pHC. 19, z. HaKaTblBaHHe OCYlUeCTBJlReTCR CJlUylOWHM 06pa30M.
8 Ha'laJle nepBoro LlHKJla 06pa60TKH H8K8TblBaeTCR TOJlbKO OAHa
pe3bl58 Ka 3arOTOBKe OAKO" napoli pOJlHKOB I. 3ueM pOJlHK OTBO-
AHTCR, K na 3arOTOBKa nepeMeW8erCJI B CT8HKe K ApyroA nape po-
JlHKOB 2 4J1J1 HaKaTblB3HHJI "8 HeH ApyroA pe3b6b1. OAHOBpeMeHHO
K lIepBOH nape pO.1HKOB nOCTynaeT BTOpaJi 3arOTOBKa CBOHM nepeA-
HKM KOKLlO . 8 pe3y.1bT8Te 10 Bcex flOCJJe4YlOWHx UKKJl3Jt ocywecT-
BnReTCJI OAHospeMeHHoe K8KaTblBaHHe AlYX pe3b6 H8 ABYX 3arOTOB-
Kax.
npH H3KaTblB3HKH pe3b6b1 TpeMR ponHKaMH 06b1'1HO npoHcxoAHT
paBHoMepHoe paAHa.'IbHoe nepeMeweHHe Tpex pOJlHKOB, nonoMY no-
JlO>l\eKKe OCH JarOTOBKIf He H3MeKReTCR 80 BpeMR KaKaTblBaHHR
(pKC. 19,0). TpexponHKosbie CTaHKH, P8ooT3lOwHe C p a 4H8J1bHOH
n0.!13IfeK, 'I311te Bcero HMelOT BepTHKaJlbHYIO KOMnOHOBKY H pe>Ke-
ropH30HT3nbKYIO Ha CTaHK8X sepTHKanbHoH KOMnOHOBKH HaK8TbI-
B310T UHnHH4pK'IeCI\) 10 K KOHH'IecKYIO pt3b6y Ha nOJlblX 4eTaJlRX.
3TK CT3Kt<H 1o:0\tnaKTllbI, BbicoKonpoK3B04KTeJlbKbI, oOpaooTKY Ha
HHX .'Ier...o 38TOMaTK3HpOBaTb. HaKaTblBaHHe pe3b6b1 TpeMR ponH-
K3MII HlIor-'.3 MOit\eT (\blTb ocy11teCTBJleHO H3 M04epHH3HpoBaHHNx
AKY).PO.ll11\OBI.oIX c raltl\ax.
Ha pHC. 19, e nOKa3aHCI cxeMa oOpa60Tl\H TpeM1I poJlHK3MH, npH"
"IeM OAKH pOJlHK pacnOJIaraeTCfI Ha OCH JleBoro WnHHJleJ1f1 CTaHKa,
a Jlla JlpyrHX YCTaHOBJIeHbl I JlIYXPOJlHKOBOH Jlep>KaBKe, CMOHTHpo-
BaHHOH Ha OCH npaBoro WnHHAeJ111 CTaHK3 H nOJlBOJlHMoJ1 B paJlH-
aJIbHOM HanpaBJleHHH. npH TaKOH CXeMe pOJlHKH B Aep>KaBKe He
HMelOT npHKYJlHTeJlbHoro Bpa eHHJI H BeJlYU!KM flBJlHeTCfI nHWb OAKH
(nellyA) ponHK. no 3TOH cxeMe MO>KeT OblTb oOecnelieHO H npHHY-
J1HTenbHoe BpallteHHe ABYX pOJlHKOB Aep>KaBKH nYTeM npHMeHeHHJI
MexaHM3Ma CHHxpOHHoro BpaUleHHfI
HaKaTblBaHHe C paAHanbHoii nOAa..efi ponHKOB MO>KeT npMMe.
HRTbCR H AnR oOpa60TKH BHyrpeHHHx peJbO (pHC. ]9, x). HaK3TbI-
BaHHe OCYl.U.etTBJIJleTCfI JlIyMJI BpawalOU!HMHcfI MacTep-pOnHKaMH -
HenOJlBH>KHYM H nOABH>KHblM, HMelOUlHM pe3bOy, "TOObl yqeCTb
ynpyrHe Ae4IOPMaU.HH C BblCOTOA, HeCKOJlbKO npeBblw310weH ee HOMH-
HanbHoe 3H81IeHHe. npK 3TOM TOHKOCTeHHaJl JarOTOBKa YCTaHaBnH-
BaeTCH C 3aJOpOM Me>KJ1Y KenOJlBH>KHblM onopHYM ponHKoM M Bpa-
UJ.alOUJ.HMCfI pe3b60BblM panHKoM, KOTOPOMY cooOw.aeTcR paJlHanb-
HaJl nOAa'la, B pe3YJlbTaTe ..ero cpopMHPyeTcA pe3bOa JarOTOBKH no
TaKoA CJteMe MO>KHO HaKaTblBaTb MHor033XOAHYIO pe3bOy, HanpKMep
B 110KOJlflX ::tneKTpH..eCKHx naMn.
H..uy.aRIIe C TaHrCHQII.....HOA nOAalieA JaroTOBKM (pHC. 20)
xapaKTepMJyeTCJI 60nee BblCOKOt'\ npoHJBOJlHTeJlbHOCTblO, '(eM MaKa-
TblBaHHe C paAHanbHoH nOAa"leii. npH paOoTe y ponHKOB coxpaHfleT-
CfI nOCToRHHoe Me>Ku.eHTpOBOe paCCToflHKe. HaKaTblBaHHe ocYUlecTB-
dtvrte -t
fJ $ED
1:,;+Ab fJ
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G - .OYIlIi ,.nuo..n..1I1I ponKI""; tJ - .IJIII a.PI.M UT1oI..aaall."1I poll""OO, .-
"OY"" uTIIIIIOll..II..1I1I POIIIf""". I u,eH,...: e. a - .lyM. qHIIIIII.PII'IeclClI". pMII"....
e '1311".11 OIlP)'*H""H tlOpOCTAIIH
J[SleTCSI t)3me BCerO C nOMOll1.blO nO.ll31OI11HX YCTPOHCTB CenapaTO"
pOB.
T 3HreHJ.J.H3nbHOe HaKaThlBaHHe ABYMR Kpyr JI blMH 3aTblJJOBaHHblMH
pOJlHKaMH nOKa3aHO Ha pHC. 20. a. 3a K8>KAhiA otSOPOT pOJlHKa HaKa-
ThlaaeTCH O Ha HJlM HeCKOJIbKO 3arOTOBOK B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT \lHCJl8
BbieMOK H8 3aTblJIOBaHHOM HHcTpYMeHTe.
npHMeHeHHe JI.BYX nap pOJIHKOB (pHC. 20,6) n03BonHeT HaKaTbI-
BaTb pe3boy H3 .ltBYX 3arOTOBKax HJlH BYX KOHu.ax OJ1HoA 3arOTOB
KH. l1.,'IH OJ1HOBpeMeHHoro HaK3TblaaHH}1 .aBYX pa3J1HlIHhlX pe3b6 H3
O.ll.HOH 3arOTOBKe npHMeHHIOT 33TblJIOB3HHble pOJlHKH t npH1IeM 33 nep-
BYIO nOJlOBHHY ooopOTa HX Bpall eHHH H3KaTbiBaeTCR OJ1.Ha pe3b6a, 33
BTOpYK> - apyraH.
Ha pHC. 20, 8 nOKa3aHbI cxeMbi HaKaT BaHHH pe3b6 H -npyrHx no-
BepXHOCTeH B u.eHTpax 3aThlnoaaHHLlMH ponHKaMH 60JlbWorO llHa-
MeTpa (200-300 MM); 3arOTOBKa npH 3TOM MO>KeT HMerb KHHeMaTH"
qeCKH COrJIaCOBaHHoe C pOJIHKaMH BpallleHHe? qeM .D.OCTHraeTCSI TOq..
HOCTb wara H3KaTbisaeMbiX pH$neHHA, lllJlHU, H 3y6beB 40 0,02 MM.
CxeMbl MOfyr ocyw.eCTBnHTbCH B .llBYX BapH3HTax: C BepTHKaJlbHhlM
HJJ H rop H30HT aJI bHbI M pac nOJIO>KeH HeM oce" pon H KOB. n p H sepTH"
KanbHQM pacno o eHHH oeeR pO HKOB npouecc aBTOM3TH3HpyeTcH
JI er"le n p H rap H30HT aJJ bHOM - CnO/KHee. HO B nOCJIeJl.He M cny..ae He
HMeeT 3Ha4eHHS1 J1J1HHa o6pa6aTblBaeMOH 3arOTOBKH.
Ha pHC. 20, 2 H a npeJ1CTaBneHbI cxeMbi npOH3B0.l1HTeJtbHoro Ha.
KaTblBaUHSI pe3bObJ llSYMSI pOJlHKaMH C pa3HblMH OKpy>l<HblMH CKOpO.
CTHMH (VI H (2). npH O.lUiHaKOBDtX J,tHaMeTpax ponHKOB DI It D 2 3TO
JlOCTHraeTCH pa3J1H4HblMH ttacTOT3MH HX BpameHHSI (n) ].I n2) t a npH
04HHaKOBoH !:IaCTOTe BpallleHHH ponHKOB - pa3nH\fHblMH HX AH3MeT-
paM".
HaK8TLlBaHHe c aceBOK nOAa'leA 3arOTOBKH peKOMe H .l1yeTcR ,nnSi
K3fOToaneHHH neTaneH C pe3b6oH Hanpoxon. OceB8H nOAaqa ocy-
lueCT8J1ReTCR 3a C1{eT oceBOH COCTaBnHJOUleA CHJ1h1 H3KaTLlBaHHR,
B03HHK3JOw.eH npH nepeKpelUHBalOtUeMCR pacnonOlKeHHH oceH POJIH-
KOB. CKOpOCTb oceBOH nO.lla'tH ,f10CTHraeT 9000 MM/MHH. J1J1H 3Toro
cnoco6a xapaKTepHO HaKanJJHBaHHe norpeIllHOCTH wara nOp H .l1 K3
] 0 M KM Ha 100 MM J:(JZ Hit hi .
Ha pHC. 21. a npellCTaBJ1eHa cxeMa HaK3TblBaHHSI, "PH KOTOpOH
.!1.BH>KeHHe oceBOH no at{H Ds 3arOTOBOK ocymeCTBJ1ReTCH 6nar0J1apR
oceBOH COCTaBJ1Snow.eH CKJtbl, B03HHKaJOl1\eu npH pa60Te pO HKaMH
c napaJ1.neJ1 bHO pacnonOlKeHHblMH OCH MH. Y KOTOpblX BHHTOB3f1 JIM"
H HH H8 KJJOHeHa nOll yf J]QM, 66nblllHM yr J1 a Ha K"TJOHa Ha KaThiBaeMoA
pe3bObJ.
CxeMa naK3TblBaHHSI pOJJHKaMII C KOJJbueBOH pe3b6oH H OCHMHt
nepeKpeWHBafOWHMHCR no,ll. yr nOM, COOTBeTcTBytOWHM yrJlY nOJ1'heMa
uaK3TblBaeMOH pe3b6w. np BeAeHa Ha pRC. 21,6. O.llHHM KOMnJJeK-
TOM P0J]HKOB 803MO)KHO H3KaTbrBaHHe K3K npaBOH t T3K H JleBOH
pe3b6b1 pa3JJ H Horo ,llH3MeTpa nyreM H3MeneHH:H yr J] a H Hanpaane-
)[ HSJ HaK..110H a nOBopOTH bJ x wn HHAeJleH ponHKOB.
40
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PHC. 21. CxeMbl HaK3TblBaUHA pe3b6b1 pOJUIKaMH C oceBoA nOJl8lfeA:
a - J:U yM ponHKIINH C nap8J1J1e.ll&HIiIWH O(RMH; 6 fJ -, AUY"R pOJ1:HK811H co CKpetU.HB8JO-
IU,JUIHCR OCRNH; - AByfI(fI pOJUIKaMH c npHKYAHTenbHoA no..n.&lIe.R 3arOTOBKH: ,j - TPCMt1
pOJlHK8MH; e - I( TblpbMJI pUJIJSK8M H
CxeMa H3KaTblB3HHH pOJJHKaMH C BHHTOBOH pe3bOOH H nepeKpe-
IllHOalOlUHMHCH OCSlMH n03BOJHleT HaK3TbJBaTb .pe3b6y HanpOXO
(pHC. 21, 8), HO HMeeT OrpaHH eHHOe I1pHMeHeHHe H3-3a CJlO>KHOCTH
KOHCTPYKUHH HHCTpYMeHTa.
J:{nR H3K3TblB3HHR pe3b6bl C KpynHblM warOM t a TaK>Ke Tpane-
lleHAanbHOH npHMeHHJOT cxeMY nOnepe'lHO-SHHTOBoro HaKaTbIS3HHft
;rBYMH pOJlHK8MH C npHHY.ll.HTeJ1bHOH nO.llaqeH 3arOTOBKH (pHC. 21, z).
3aroToBK3 1 nOAaeTCH B oceBOM HanpaBJleHHH t 3aXBaTblBaeTCH spa..
utaJOlUHMHCJI pOJlHKaMH 2 H, nOJ!Jl.ep>KHBaeMBH J1BYMH npOBO.LtHHKa-
MH 3, nonyqaeT Spaw.aTe.nbHoe H nocTynaTeJlbHoe nepeMelUeHHH. no-
nepetfHO-BHHTOBoe HaK8TblBaJUie BhlnonHReTCH H a Cl1eUHaJIbHbJ x
ABYX-. a qaw.e rpeXBaJJKOBbiX ropH30HTaJlbHblX CT3H8X 60JlbWOH
M011{HOCTH. POJJHKH HMeJOT 3a6opHYlO qaCTL H MorYT 6b1Tb BblnOJl-
HeHhI KaK C KOJIbQ.eBoH, TaK H C BHHTOBOH pe3b6oii.
Ha pHC. 21. a Jlp"Be eHa cxeMa TpeXpOJlHKOBOro HaKaTblBaHHH
41
pe3bDbI npH CKpeII{HB3IOIUHXCB OCHX ponHKOB. ,llnH TaKO" cxeMhI xa-
paKTepKa orpaHHIJeHHaH perYJJHpOBKa yrna H3KJlOHa UJOHHJleJIeH,
He n03BOJlHEOw.aR o6pa6aTblBaTb pe3b6y J1H3MeTpOM MeHee 10 MM
BCJlelI.CTBHe Toro, qro B03MO>KHO conpHKocHoBeHHe POJlHKOB. no 3TOH
cxeMe BLlllonHHIOT TpeXpOJ1HKOBhle CTaHbJ H CT3HKH ropH30HTaJlbHOH
KOMnOHOBKH.
Ha pRe. 2). e nOK333Ha cxeMa HaKaTblBaHHSI pe3b6b1 qeTblpbMH
pOJlHK3MH, Ka>KJ1b1H 83 KOTOpblX pacnOnO)KeH H3 B3JIY, HMelOIUeM
perynHpyeMblH yroJi HaKnOHa. PonHKH HMelOT 3a6opHblA KOHYC H
nonYlialOT npHRY HTeJJbHoe apam.eHHe Kajf()J.blH IJepe3 CBoR Kap.llaH.
UblH MeX3HH3 M OT o61ltero np HBO.l1a. HaJJ HIJ He tteTbI pex pOJlHKOB
n03BOJJHeT q,OpMHpOBaTh HapY>KHble np H..1H H3 TOHKOCTeHHblX TPY-
6ax. npHMeHSIeMblX AJUI TenJloo6MeHHHKOB. MO>KHO O HOBpeMeHHO
4tOpMHpOB3Tb Ha 3arOTOBKe H BHYTpeHHHH npO HJJb ( a>Ke MHor03a-
XOAHYIO pe3bOY) t JtJIH IJero B Tpy6y nepeA o6pa60TKOH BCT3BnSlIQT
onpaBKY COOToeTCTSYIOW.eH «:pOPMbI.
2.13. HAKATblBAHHE AKCHAnbHblMH rOnOBKAMH
AKCHaJlbHblMH rOJlOBK3MH npe.llnOQTHTeJ1bHee H3KaTblBaTb pe3b-
6y H8 nQJIblX D,eTaJ1 H x. )teT 3JUIX OOJIbWOH .l1n HHhI Hn H 60Jl bW HX AH a-
MeTpOB. CJJO>KHOH KOH$HrypauHH H T. ,l(.
fOJlOBKH npHMeHBIOT Ha 30TOMaTHQeCKHX JIHHH1IX, H3 YHHBep-
canbHOM H cneu.HanbHoM o60py.n.oB3HHH npaKTHttecKH nlOooro BHJ!3
H AaJKe npH paOOTe BpyqHYIO.
Ltn Sf 3Toro cnoco6a xa pa KTepHbI H a HMeHbW He p a,llH 3J1bHhle CHJI hi.
H3BeCTHO HeCKonbKO pa3HOBH.AHOCTeH cnoco()a HaK3ThlBaHHH H3-
PY>KHOH pe3b6b1 3KCH3J1bHblMR rOJJOBKaMH: C oceooA nOAaqeH (pHC
22t a, 6, 8), C T3HreHUHaJlbHOA nOlI.atteA 33TblnOBaHHblMH pOJIHK3MH
(pHC. 22, e). C oeeso" H paAHa.nbHoH nO.LtaqaMH )lRSI o6pa60TKH
AnHHllblX KOHHlJeCKHX pe3b6 (pRC. 22. a). HaK3Tbl8alfHe pe3b6h1 ro-
nOBK3MH c oceBOH nOAaqeA nonYQHnO HaH60nbwee pacnpOCTpaRe-
HHe. OHO ocyw.eCTBJJHeTCJl no YKa3aHHLlM HH>Ke cxeM3M.
HaKaTYBaHHe pOJlHK08h1MH rOJlOBK8MH c peBepCHpOBaHHeM HH"
tTpYMeHTa ocymecTBJlJleTCH C nOM011{bJO BopOTKa apYIJHYIO HnH H3
CTaHKe (pHC. 22, a). npH 3TOM npHMeHHIOT HaHOOJlee npOCTble no
KOHCTPYKUHH HepacKpblBalOlltHecH ronOBKH. CToiiKOCTh pOJIHKOB Tll-
KHX ronOBOK no cpaBHeHHIO co CTOHKOCTbJO pOJlHKOB pacKphlsalO-
lltHXCR rOJJOBOK CHH>KaeTCR B 2--3 pa3a Bcne.nCTBHe CBHH1fHB3HHH.
80 BpeMB KOToporo ponHKH 06KaTblBalOT ynpollHeHHYIO pe3b6y.
BCJle,ltCTBHe H3J1HqHH peBepCHpOB8HHJI cnoco6 Mano npOJl3B0J1HTeneH.
HaKaTWBaHHe caMOOTKpWBaIOIqHMHC:A ronOBK8MH HBnReTCH 60nec
npOH3BO.ltHTeJlbHblM (pHC. 22, 6) H lJame Bcero npHMeHHeTcH H npo-
H3BOJJ.CTBe.
BpawalOlltHeCH rOJJOBKH ycr8HaBJJHBalOT B wnHHllenHX CSepJlHJlb-
HbiX HJlH arperaTHhlx CTBHKOB. aBTOM3T08 H aOTOM3THtleCKHX JlHHHH,
a HeBpamaK>UJ.HecH - 8 peBonbBepHblX rOJlOBKaX TOKapHblX CTaHKOB.
42
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PHC. 22. CxeMbl HaKaTblBaHHR pe3blibl 3KCHaJlbHblMH rOJIOBK3MU:
Q - C pCBepCHpOH8HHeN ronOBKH: 6 - c pacxphlTHeM pOJlHI(OB; (I - n anpoxo,lt; - t ran-
rCUIJ,HanbKcA nOAaqeA; iJ - c. P8AHB 1bHo.oceBoA no.a.aqeA: e - c npHHY luneJlbKNM Bpawc.
"KCM pOnHK.O.D, x 3, "- BHYTpeHH A pe3b6h1
CaMOOTKpblBaK>U1.HeCH r0J10BKH MOrYT HCnOJIb30BaTbCSl .ll.JISJ KOMOH-
HHpOBaHHOH o6pa6oTKH TOHKOCTeHHblX Tpy6, KorJl,a pOnHKH rOJIOBKH
B nO HH T O H08peMeHKO Be Onepa "": KanH6pOBaHHe pa3Mepa
3arOTOBKH H nOCJJe.llYJOw.ee HaKaTblBaHHe H3 HeM pe3b6b1.
npH HaK8TblB3HHH pe3b6bl rOJlOBKaMK peKOMeHJ1yeTcH HCnOJJb30-
BaTh npHHY AHTeJlbHOe )1BH>i<eHHe nO,lJ.311H (npH\:IeM notlalJa \1 HCJleHHO
paBHa wary pe3b6b1) )1,0 MOMeHTa 3aXBaT3 3arOTOBKH uaK3THblMIt
pOJlHKaMH, T. e. H3 JlJJHHe )l,BYX"Tpex HHTQ[{, a 3aTeM .llBJI}({enHe no.
Jl,attH OTKJlI04alOT H nocTynaTeJJbHOe JlBH}I(eHHe rOJIOBKH npOHcxoJtHT
Bc.nellcTBHe cuenneHHH pe3bObl pOJTHKOB C pC3b6oH 3arOTOBKH (C3MO.
3aT rHBaHHe) .
HaK8TblB8HHe HanpOXOA npH npHHYAHTeJlbHOM Bpall\eHHH 3aro-
TOBKH, OceBoe J1.8.I>KeHUe MO>KHO IlpHllaBa1 b 3arOTOBKe HJHt rOJTORKe.
43
3T a c xeM a o6ec neqH BaeT H aHBblCW YIO CTOH KOCTb pOJ1 H KOB 9 Ha H 60nb-
wYIO npOH3BOltHTMbHOCTb oopa60TKH t a H3KaTblBaHHe J1erqe Bcero
nO AaeTCH aBTOMaTH38UHH.
Ha pHC. 22, 8 npHBe..aeHa cxeMa H3K3TblB3HHH pe3b6b1 HanpoxO.LI-
- .
Ha .lleTaJIH t HMelOUJ.eH BHYTpeHHHH weCTHrpaHHHK - nOBepXHOCTb.
KOTopaH CJ1YiKHT B Ilpouecce o6pa6oTKH 3neMeHTOM npHBOJJ.a.
HaKaThlBaHHe HanpOXOA npH npHHYAHTeJlbHOM Bpa1UeHHH ponH-
HOB (pHC. 22 e). POJJHKH pe3b6oHaKaTHOH ronOBKH nOJ1y aIOT CHH-
xpOHHoe npHHYJ1HTeJlbHoe BpameHHe, KOTopoe cnoco6cTByeT 3aTHrH-
BaHHIO 3arOTOBOK B pOJlHKH. 3arOTOBKH nO.llBepraIOrCH nOCTOBHHOMY
eHCTBHIO He6oJlbWOH oceBOH CHJlbI. 3THM ltOCTHraeTCH HenpepblB-
HOCTb npou.ecca. npHHY.l1HTeJ1bHbJH npHBOJ1 BpallleHHH ponHKOB ocy..
meCTBJIHeTCH OT npHBO.l1Horo DaJta 1lepe3 CHCTeMY weCTepeH t 3auen-
JUllOtltHXCst c weCTepHHMH ronOBKH. KOTopble YCTaHOBneHbI H3 OAHHX
H Tex iKe oesx C pOJJHK3MH.
HaKaTYBaHHe BHYTpeHHHX pe3h6 rO ORKaMM npUMeHHeTCH n
nOJIy"eHHSI pe3b6 ,l1HaMeTpOM CBblwe 50 MM Ha 3arOTOBKax H3 BJl3-
KHX MaTepHanOB. HaKaTblBaHHe pe3b6b1 rOJ]OBKaMH OCYlqeCTBJlREOT
no JtSYM cxeMaM: 1) C oceBOH nOAatieH; 2) C oceBoK K pa.nHanbHoH
nonalfaMH.
HaK3TliBaHHe no nepBoA cxeMe ocyuteCTBJ1HeTCH Bpall!aFOilleHCH
Tpex- HJJH qeT peXpOJ1HKOBOH pe3b6oH3KaTHoH r0J10BKOH, HMeJOllleii
oceBYJO no,a.arty HHcTpYMeHT3 OTHOCHTeJIbHO HenO.ABH>KHOH 3arOTOBKH
(pHC. 22.:He) HJlM 3arOTOBKH OTHOCHTeJ1bHO HHCTpYMeHT3 (pHC. 22,3).
llHaMeTp P0J]HKOB Jl.On}KeH 6b1Tb MaKCHManbHO B03MO>KHhlM 9 80 B
3-4 pa3a MeHbwe AHaMeTpa pe3b0h3 o6pa6aTbioaeMoii 3arOTOBKH.
3TKM OrpaHHqH8a TCH pa3Mep oceM HnH XBOCTOBHKOB ponHKoB H
He JlonycKalOTcR 60nbwHe HarpY3KH.
n03TOMY 3T8 cxeM8 MO>KeT npHMeHHTbCA AJ1H HaKaTblBaHHH pe3h6
C MeJlKHMH lllaraMH B M3JJOnpOQHblX MaTepHaJlaX, HO 4awe tlJ1H Ka-
JIH6p08aHHH npeJlBapHTenbHo Hape3aHHblX pe3b6 Ha OTBeTCToeHHblX
.l1eT3JUJX MaWHH B cepHHHoM npOH380ACToe. nOcJ1e HaK3TblBaHHH
Tpe6yeTcH peBe pc HpOBaHHe rOJlOB KH AJIH 8 bI BM H1I H B3 H H Sf ee H3 pe3b"
6b1 )1eT all H.
Ha pHC. 22. u npHBe..neHa ex eM a HBKaTblBaHHA pe3b6b1 Ha TOHKO"
CTeHH X 3arOTOBKax c oceooH nO.l1a'leH ronOBKH H npHMeHeHHeM iKe.
CTKoro Konbu.a (HJ1H pa3>KHMHOA l1aHrH B Konbue), orpaHHQRBalO-
mero Bbl)laBJIHS8HHe MeT3J1JIa B paJl..H:aJlbHOM HanpaBJleHH". T. e. no
Hapy>KHOMY J).HaMeTpy Tpy6b1.
l{J1H H3K3TblsaHHH BHYTpeHHeH KOHHqeCKOH pe3b6b1 60JIbWHX
AHaMeTpOB (HaqHH8A co 121 MM) H -l1J1HHbI npHMeHHJOT HaKaTblBaHHC
C oceBhlM H p3ltHanbRblM .l1BH>KeHHRMH nOll.aQH. CxeM3 TaKoro H3Ka-
ThlB3HHJI aHa4 orHqHa cxeMe t nOKa3aHHOH Ha pHC. 22. iJ J1.nR HaKa-
TLlB8HHH HapY>KHblX KOHHtleCKHX pe3b6. ronoBKH HMelOT MexaHH3M
KOHycoo6pa30BaHHH; B rOJlOBKaX AJUI HaKaTbiBaH HJI BHYTpeHHeH
pe3b6b1 3TOT MexaHH3M o6eCne1JHBaeT nOCTOHHHoe C6JIH>KeHHe POJlH-
KOB CHHXpOHHO C HX oceBbiM ABH>KeHHeM nOAatlH.
44
2.14. HAKATblBAHHE TAHrEHLtHAJlbHblMH
H PAAHAnbHblMH rOnOBKAMH
T aHreHUH8J1bHblMH " paJtHaJJbHblM H ronOBKaM H HaKaTblB3JOT UH-
JlHH.apH1JeCKYIO H KOHHqeCKYIO, npaBYIO H JI,eBYIO pe3b6y Ha CTaHKax
TOKapHOH rpynnbl H3 nlOOOM YIJ3CTKe 3arOTOBKH B TOM 1IHCJIe 33
6YPTOM. npHBOJl. pOJlHKOB ocy eCTBJ]HeTCH 01 KOHT3KTa C Bpaw.alO-
ll{eHCR 3arOTOBKOH. npH H3KaTblBaHH" npOHCXOllHT He3H3'1UTeJJbHOe
OCeBOe nepeMellleHHe pOJJHf<OB OTHOCHTeJJbHO 3arOTOBKH, n03TOMY
pOnHKH B Kopnyce ,AOn>K}!bI MeTb OCeBOH 3a30p. r0J10BKY KpenHT Ha
nOnepeQHOM cynnopTe.
H aH60JIblllee paCnpOCTp aJ-leHHe nonyqRJlO HaKaTblBaHHe )1BYXpO.
J]HKOBhlMH T3UreHUH3JIbHb1MH rOJJOBKaMH (pHC. 23, a). BCJle-LI.CTBHe
HaJJHQUH CHn. H3rH6alOw,Hx 3aroToBKY, 06J13CTb npHMeHeHHH TaKoro
cnoco6a OrpaHH1JeHa .AJJHHO pe3bObJ, a TaK>Ke BbIJleTOM 3arOTOBOK.
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Puc. 23. CXeMbt H3KaTblBaHHH Eta PY>KHoA pe3b6h1 r0J10BKaMSI (D. - A8H)J(eHHe
TaHreHLlK3J1bHOA nOl1aQH; Dap - -D.BH eHlfe ,pa,ltHaJJbUOH nOJ1aQH):
'T311 reHLUt8J1bllbUCH: a - J8 6YPTOM; 6 - S&Tb1lnOB8HHhIlIH ponHH8" H IfJ - .A BYIUI napaNH
ponHXOB BYX pC3b6;
paAHanLHLUUI: a - O..o..HHN ponHKOM: fJ - O)tHHIl pOJ.lHKOM C onopo.: X ABYIII pOJtHK81fK
45
B Raqa.nbHblH pa604HH MOMeHT pOJlHKH CBOeH HapYiKHOH nOBepXHO.
CTblQ K3CalOTCfl 3arOTOBKH. 3aTeM rOJlOBKe BMeCTe C pOJIHKaMH coo6-
w.aeTCfl TaHreHu,MaJlbHoe ,llBH}KeHHe nOJl.aQH OTHOCItTeJlbHO 3arOTOB-
KH. HaKaThlBaHHe npeKpalllaeTCH Tor .Ita, KOf Jl.a POJIUKH c rOJlOBKOH
33HHMalOT nOJJOJKeHHe, "PH KOTOpOM OCM pOJlHKOB H 3arOTOBKH OKa..
3b1BaIOTCJl B O)1HO" nJlOCKOCTH. nocne 3Toro rOJIOBKa .ll.OJI}f(Ha 6b1CT-
po B03spaTHTbCH 8 HCXOJlHoe nOJlOJKeHHe l B npOTHBHOM CJ1YQae Ka-
tleCTBO pe3b6b1 OK3)KeTCB HH3KHM.
npH npHMeHeHHH B TaHreHUHaJIbHblX rOJlOBKax OAHora KpyrJIoro,
a JJ..pyroro 3aTblJ10BaHHoro ponHKa (pHC. 23, 6) "JiH ABYX 3aTblJlOBaH-
HblX P0J]HKOB He Tpe6yeTCR 60JJbUlOH TOqHOCTH pa6oQero XOAa ro-
nOBKH RO OCH 3arOTOBKH H 6 CTporo ee OTBOAa H3 paOOqeH 30H ;
HaKaTblBaHHe ocyru.eCTBJljleTCjI 38 OllH" OOOpOT pOJlHKOB. Ho 3TOT
cnoco6 UMceT orpaH"4. HHoe npliMeHCHHe BCJ1e.ACTBHe HH3KOH CTOH-
KOCTH H HCTPYM eHT a H CJlO)KHOCTH ero HCnOJI H eHHH. T a H reHllH 3JIbHbI..
MH rOJlOBKaMH MO}KHO OJ:lHOBpeMeHHO HaKaThiBaTb ABe KopOTKHe
pe3bDbI ,AByMH napaMH ponHKOB (pHC. 23, 8).
Bo Bcex onHcaHHblX cxeMax H3KaTblB3HHH pOJJHKH rOJlOBOK, K3K
npaBHJJO, BpamafOTCH CHHXPOHHO, liTO 06eCneqHBaeT BbiCOKYIO H3-
-neJKHOCTb paGoTbL
C nOMOll!bJO TaHreHUHaJlbHOH rOJJOBKH B03MO>KHO HaKaTblBaHHe
H O.ll.HHM ponHKOM. O)J.H3KO TaK3H cxeMa He MOlKeT 06eCneIJHTb no-
JlyqeHHe TOI)HOrO llHaMeTpa pe3b6bl H3-33 OTIKHMOB H nporH6oB 3a-
rOTOBKH.
H aK3TblBaHHe c pa.ll.H3JJbHOH nOl1alJeii O.l1HOpOJIHKOBOH rOJJOBKOH
(pHC. 23, a) nOJly4HJIO 60JJbWee pacnpocrpaHeHHe 9 qeM paccMoTpeH-
HblH Bblwe cnoco6 O,LtHOpOJlHKOBoro TaHreHUHaJlbHoro H3KaThlBaHHH.
npH o6pa6oTt\e He>KeCTKHX 3arOTOBOK piJ;lHanbHoH OJlHOpOJlHKO-
BOH rOJ1QBKOH npHMeHHIOT onopHblH pOJIHK Jl.JUI ypaBHoBeWHBaHHSI
H3rHt)alOllU.[x CKJJ (pHC. 23 9 e) .
CxeM3 HaKaTblBaHH pe3b6 JlByxponHKOBoH pa.llHaJlbHOA r0J10B..
KOK nOK333Ha Ha pHC. 23. "f. )lBYXpOJJHKOa3f1 rOJJOBKa cpa6aTblBaeT
c nOMOUlbJO UJapHHpHoro YCTPOHCTB3, KOTopoe pa.ltHaJlbHO C6JJH>KaeT
pOJJHKH .aD KOHTaKTHpOBaUHH C BpamatoweHCH 3arOTOBKoii, nOCJJe
ero pOJlH H Ha4HHatOT BpalU3TbCSl " cpOpMHpooaTb pe3b6y "PH pa.
60tJeH n0l1a4e. Kor.lla JlOCTHraeTCH nOJlHaH r Jly6HHa pe3b6b1 J pOJlHKH
H r0J10BK3 6b1CTpO OTBO.l1S1TCiI. npH HaKaTblBaHHH pe3b6b1 3THMH ro-
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46
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pe3b6 MeTQHKaMH.
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npH H3KBTblBaflHH pe3b6h1 J\lfaMeTpoM 20-42 MM CTOHKOCTb 6ec..
47
I
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48
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49
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50
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51
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wary pe3b6 , creneHb TO\lHOCTH - 2-4 no rOCT 16093-81. Or-
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npOH3BonHT nbHnr.TH;CTOAKOCTK HHCTPYMeHTa.
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pa3HOBHJ.lHOCTH 3Toro cnoco6a o6pa6oTKH - MallIHHHblMH H raeq-
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pe3bObl Bcex r a eK.
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52
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pe.ll.KO.
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npOCTpaHeHHe B MHpOBOR npaKTHKe. TaKHe CTaHKH He BCer.l1.a o6ec
53
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HOCTb aBTQM3T3 1200-1450 WT/II.
Ha pHC. 32. a npHse,aeHa cxeMa 8BToMaTH3HpoBaHHoro HaKaTbI-
BaHlU1 pe3bo llH3MeTpoM 12 MM o.aHoBpeMeHHo H3 )lBYX KOHnax
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opHeHTnpoBaHHoM nOJlO)KeHUH nocTynalOT B cenapaTop 3 H C ero
nOMOl1l.bfO nOJlalOTCA B 30HY H3KaTblsaHHfI Me>K.l1Y .ltBYMH napaMH
pOll II KOB 4. n POH3 BO.l1RTeJIbHOCTb a BTOM aT8 1200-1450 ruT l'l.
Pe3boa ]13 JJ.syx KOHuax WnHJ1bKH HMeeT OAHHaKOBblA JJ.HaMeTp, HO
pa3Hble warH " CTeneHH TOIJHOCTH.
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ll)1 H3HJUI pe3hOh[ rJa ..lUYX KOHuax wnHJ1bKH O,Ll,HOBpeMeHHo. 3aro-
70
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BeAepa no.nalOTCfi B opHeHTHpylOlUee YCTPOHCTBO 2. a H3 Hero - B
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pe3b6 M M14, )1J1HH3 aarOTOBOK 2 lOO MM. ¥crpOHCTBO Mo eT
nepeHaJIa>KHS3TbCJI H3 U3KaTblBaHHe pe3b6h1 A-pyroro ;:\H3MeTpa.
n pOH3BO,QHTeJ! bHOCTh 3BTOM a Ta 1500-1800 WT III.
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3BTOMaT3 500 WTjq.
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ereR B K8HaBKax H npOHCXO,l1HT ee nSKerHpOB3HHe, MO>KeT npOH30K-
TH 3aKJ1HHHBaHHe H nOJlOMKa MeT'lHKa.
J1J1R scl>$eKTft aHoro Y.l13JIeHHft CTpy>KKH H3 Ka H8 BOK M eT'IH Ka ero
pe>KYWHe KpOMKH "PH 3aTOQKe nepe.llHeit noaepXHOCTH BhlnOnHJlIOT-
Cft C H3KJ10HOM KOCH no)! yrJlOM A. KOTOpblA 06eCnetlHBaeT H3t1.e}K-
Hoe TpaHcnopTHpOBaHHe CTPY)f(KH B HanpaBJleHHH BH>KeHHSI n043-
llH npH o6pa6oTKe CKB03HblX OTBepCTHH. npH o6pa6oTKe rJlYXHX
OTBepcTHA: npHMeHBIOT Mer'lHKH C BHHTOBblMH KaH8BK3MH, HMelO-
IllHMH yrOJJ H3KJlOHa 6.) KOCH MeTqHKa.
B (SOJlbWHHCTBe CJJyqaeB MeT'IHKH npe.nCT8BJUIiOT co6oR I!enb-
lIylO KOHCTPYKUHIO HHCTpYMeHT8 H peJ1KO - C(j0PHYIO.
B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT HCnOnHeHHH pa6olleA, K8JJH(ipYJOweA H XBO-
CTOBOA qacTeA MeYQHKH pa3 eRH T H8 HeCKORbKO KOHcrpYKTHBRO-
TeXHOJIOrH1IeCKHX rpynn; PYIJHhle H MaWHHHble MeT'IHKH. raetfHble.
KOH HQeCKHe, 6eCCTpY>KeIJHble.
KOHCTPYKItHH H HtnOJlHHTeJlbHWe pa3Mepw MenHKOB.. Maw H H.
H 0 · P Y q H hi e MeT II H K H. B COOTBeTCTBHH C rOCT 3266-81 npe..
nycMoTpeHo H3rOTOB eHHe K3K oAHHapH Xt TaK H KOMn eKTH X
M a WHHHO- pyqHhlX M eTIJ H KOB lleTbl pex MO.l1H$H Ka!J.H Ii.
/(0poTlCue MeTIlUK.U C YCUlleHHblM X80CTOBUICOM IJpHMeH$llOT .l1J1K
H3rOTOBJleHHH MeTpHtleCKOA pe3b6h1 JI.HaMerpoM 1-2,5 MM. llJUI
pe3ht5b1 c yKopOqeHHblM c6erOM (r JIYXOH) q> = 22 0 . ;tJlJl CKB03 HoA
pe3bt)bI q>= 14°.
/(apoTlCue MeT'lUKU C weuKoiJ, HCnOJ1b3YIOT j),nl MeTpHQeCKOA
peab6b1 )lHaMeTpOM 3-10 MM H ,!tJIH JlJOHMOBOA pe3h6b1 .llHaMeTpoM
1/4-3/8". ,l1JJH pe3b(h c YKopo eHHblM c6erOM (J)= 19°, a ,!tJUI
pe3bt)hI 6e3 OrpaHH1IeHHH no c(5ery q>=6 O'
M eT'l U/CU c npoXOaHblM x 80CTOBUK,OM. HCnOJIb3YlOT ,llJlJl MeTp Mil e-
CKoA pe3b()bI J1HaMeTpoM 3-52 MM. .lUOAMOBOH J1HaMeTpoM 7/16"-
2" H rpyoHoH )1,HaMeTpoM 1/8-2" JU' pe3b6 c YKopo1leHHblM c6e-
rOM q>= 18°, 3 J{JJH pe3b6. He HMelOlltHX OrpaHH'IeHHA no c6ery,
cp=6°.
B Yl<33aHHblX Bbl1lle Tpex MOllHcpHKaUHHX MerQHKOB ,nJUI r J1YXOH
pe3b6bl MO}KHO npHMeHjlTb KOMnJIeKT, COCTOHlltHH H3 ,lJ.syx MeTlIHKOB.
KOMnAeICTHbte MeT'tUKU COCTO.slT H3 Tpex WTYK. Hx npHMeHiliOT
j1JUI pe3b6 .llHaMeTpoM 24-52 MM C warOM 3-5 MM. MeTIJHKH B
KOMnJIeKTe pa3nHtlalOTCH HapY>KHhlM. cpellHHM H BHYTpeHHHM ,llHa...
MeTpOM pe3bObl. nepBblH MeTlIHK B KOMnJleKTe - qepHOBoA. C OA"
89
HOH pHCKOH, 'q>=5°30', BTOpOH - Cpe,ltHHii, C J{BYMSI pHCKaMH, q>=
= 8°30', TpeTHH - tIHCTOBOH, C TpeMSI pHcKaMH,.q>= 17°
MeTtfHKH YKa3aHHhlx MO,nH<pHKaUHH C d 12 MM )tonycKaeTcH
H3rOTOBJISlTb C HapYX<HblMH ueHTpaMH. Y MawHHHo-pyqHhlX MeTlfH-
KOB IJHCJIO nepbeB Z=3, npH ,ltHaMeTpe d 6 MM ,ltOnycKaeTcH
Z=4.
rOCT 3266-81 Ha MeT1JHKH HCnOJIb3yeTcSI B KaIJeCTBe 6830Boro
no 60JIbWHHCTBY HCnOJIHHTe bH X KOHCTPYKTUBH X 3neMeHTOB H
,nJISI Bcex HH}I(eYKaaaHHhlx CTaH.lI.a pTHblX H CneUHaJIbHbIX MeTqHKOB.
MeT'lUKU .MaUlUHHo-pg'lHbte C LUaXMaTHbt.M pacnO.llO eHUeM 3y6b-
e8 HMe T B pe3aHH e 3y6bH H npeAHa3HaqeH .lI.JIH Hape33HHH
pe3bo .lI.H3MeTpoM 2-36 MM H3 33rOTOBKax H3 KOPP03HOHHO-CTOHKHX
H )K8 pOnp01JHhlX CTaJIeH H JlerKHX COJlaBOB. nepe.lI.HHH yroJi COCT3B-
JIHeT 16°, 38.llHHH - 7° Y MeT1JHKOB JISI oopa60TKH 06 qHblX KOH-
CTPYKUHOHHblX MaTepH8JlOB, a TaK>Ke Tpy,nHoo6paoaTbIBaeMhlx Ma-
TepHaJIOB B rJIyxHx oTBepCTHJlX 3YObSi Bb(pe3a T B I113XM8THOM
nopSl.aKe TOJIbKO H3 K3JIH6pYJOIUeH 1JaCTH, HaIlHH8S1 C TpeTbero "OJI-
Horo 3y6a (pHC. 43, a). TaKaSi KOHCTPYKUHSI 003BOJIHeT npe,noTBpa-
THTb 3aI..UeM eHHe BHTKOB pe3b6bI B npouecce ee Hape3aHHSI H 00-
JIOMKY MeTIJHKOB.
MeT'lUICU .MaUlUHHbte c BUHT08bl.MU KaHaBKa.MU CJIY>KaT JIH Ha-
pe3aHHSI pe3b6h1 ,nHaMeTpoM 3-30 MM B CKBoaHbIX H rJIyxHx oTBep-
CTHSIX C npepbIBHcTOH nOBepXHOCTbID. KOHcTPYKnHH MeT1JHKOB no-
Ka3aHa Ha pHC. 43, 6. Y,na eHHe CTPY)KKH npoHcxo,nHT B HaopaB e-
HUH .lI.BH eHHSI nO aqH MeT1JHK8 HJIH B 06paTHOM HanpaBJIeHHH B
3aBHCHMOCTH OT HaKJIOH8 CTpY)KeqH X KaHaBOK.
YrOJI (0 YCTaHaB,,')HBaIOT: 10° - JISI CKB03HbIX oTBepcTHH U JIH
rJIyxHx oTBepcTHH ,nHaMeTpoM 3-6 MM; 30° - ,nJIH rJIYXHX oTBep-
CTHH .lI.H8MeTpoM CBbIllle 6 ,MM.
MeT'lUKU MaUlUHHO-PY'lHbte C YKop0'leHHbtMU KaHaBKa.MU npe -
Ha3Ha1JeHbI ,nJISI Hape3aHHSI pe3b6 AHaMeTpoM 1-18 MM B CKB03H X
OTBepCTHHX. KOHCTPYKUHSI MeTqHKOB "OKa33H3 H3 pUC. 43, 8. MeT-
IIHKH He HMelOT 3aTbIJIOB3HHSI no npoct>HJIIO pe3bObI, 1JTO ynpOIl{3eT
TeXHonorHIO HX H3fOTOBJIeHHSI. Pe>KYIUYIO 1JaCTb .3THX MeTIIHKOB 33-
TbIJIYIOT noJI. yrJIOM a=6°::f::2° ,[{JISI 06bI1JHhlX KOHCTPYKIJ.HOHHblX M8"
TepHaJIOB :cp=6°, .lI.,1IH JIerKHX CnJlaBOB <p= 11 14° qHCJIO 3yobeB
Z=2 ,nnSi ,nH8MeTpa pe3b6bI o 5,5 MM, ,nJISI OCTaJIbHhlX ,nHaMeTpOB
Z=3.
M eTttUKu MaLUUHHbte, VCHatu,eHHbte TBepaOcnAaBHbt.MU nAaCTU-
1iaMU (pHC. 43, z), npHMeHHIOT B OCHOBHOM JI.JIH Hape38HHSI Tpy6-
HblX UHJIHH.llpHlleCKHx pe3b6 .llHaMeTpoM 1/2"-2" H3 3arOTOBKax H3
lJyrYH3 TBep,nocTblO ,ll0 300 HB.
Pe}l{yrnaSi 1JaCTb MeTIIHKOB oCHaIUeH3 nnaCTHHaMH H3 TBep oro
CnJIaBa BK8, npHnaHHHbIMH npHnoeM ncp 40 unH ncp 50 K.lI..
MeT1JHKH .lI.HaMeTpoM o I" HMelOT Z=4, a .lI.HaMeTpoM 1 1/4" H 60-
JIee-Z=6. L{JISI rJlyxHx oTBepcTHH npHMeHSIIDT yro <p=19°, JIJI
CKB03HbIX cp= 14°.
90
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PRC. 43. BapRaHTbI KOHCTPYKTRBHoro HCnOJlHeHRH M8111HHHO-PYQHblX H MallIHH"
HbiX MeTQHKOB:
a - C BhlwnH oBaHHoA HHTKOA; 6 - C BHHTOBYMH K8HaBKaMH; 8 - C YKopO'leHHblMH Ka-
HaBKaMH; 2......, C DJlaCTHHaMH H3 TBep,AOro CDJl8B8; iJ - C pe1Kyw,e-Bhlrn81KHBaIOI1(,HMH 3y6b-
JlMH; e, ::Nt - COOTBeTCTBeHHO C nepe,ARHM H 3a,Q,HHM Ha J!8B.71eHHeM; 3 - YCHneRHhle; u-
,Q,ByxcTyneHtlaTble; Ie - C BHYTpeHHHM nO.ll.80.n.OM CO)l(; A - KOJlOKOJlbHOrO THna
M eT'lUKU C pe3ICyU{e-8btZAa3ICUBalOU{U.MU 3y6bJl.MU )tJISI TOqHbIX
pe3b6 (pHC. 43, 0) CJlY}I(aT .nJlH Hape3aHHSI MeTpHIJeCKOii pe3b6bI
JI.HaMeTpoM 5-45 MM H warOM OT 0,8-3 MM C nOJlHMH ,nonYCKOB
2H, 3H H 4H. npOcpHJlb nOnepe1JHOrO CeqeHHJI MeTIJHKOB nOJIyqaeT-
CB 6J13ro,napB npHMeHeHH CnenHaJlbHOrO KYJlaIJK8 H8 pe3b6olliJlH.
<poBaJlbHbIX CTaHKax.
B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT nepena)t3 ( ) no np0<pHJlIO Me>K,ny cpeJlHHMH
.nHaMeTpaMH pe}KYI.1.I-Hx H BhlrJla:>KHB3IOIUHX yqaCTKOB 3yobeB MeT-
qHKH MorYT HMeTb pa3J1H1JHbIe BapHaHTbI HcnO HeHHSI. Kor.na JlHa-
MeTp BbIrJIa:>KHBa IUHX yqaCTKOB 60JIbIlle .nHaMeTpa pe*YIUHX Y1Ja-
CTKOB, HMeeT MeCTO npHnycK no,n BblrJIa>KHBaHHe. B 3TOM cJIY1Jae
91
pe3bOy cpOpMHPYJOT peS3HHeM C nOCJle,l1YJOUJ.HM Bblr JIa>KHS3HHeM
nOeepXHOCTHOrO CJlOH ee OPOcl'MJlH.
n p H He60Jl bWOM YM eHbWeH H H BhlCOTbI Sblr JIa >KH B3 JOlltHX ay6 beS
pe3h6a cpasl5HBaeTCJI» MeHbWe. TaKHe MeT'IHKH npHMeHHIOT B TeX
yqaRX, Kor a He rapaHTHpyeTcH COOCHOCTb MetqHK8 C OTsep-
CTHeM HJlM noJtaqa qHCJIeHHO He paBH8 wary, K8K 3TO 'faCTO HMeeT
MeCTO npH pa60Te H8 TOKapHhlX MHorownHHllenbHblX CT8HKax.
MeT'lUK.U c nepeoHeil u 30aHed Hanpa8AIlIO UMU "aCTRMU
(pHC. 43, e H 43. x) npHMeHHIOT AJiR Hape38HHSI pe3b6b1 COOTBeTcr..
BeHHO B CKB03HhlX H r JIYXHX oTSepCTHJlX, Korl1a Heo6xoAHMO o6ec-
ne HTb TOQHOe 8S3HMHoe pacnono eHHe pesb6oBOA H ApyrHx no-
BepxHocTeA.
MeT'lU"U C YCUJl.eHHOU cepdqeBuHoa HMeIOT nOBblweHHYIO npo'l"
HOCTb. Y CHJIeHH a H cepJ1lleB HHa (pHC. 43, 3) o6paayeTC" nYTeM
YMcllbWeHHJI rny6HHI:.I KaHaBKH B HanpaRJleHHH OT 3a6opHoro KOHY-
ca K XBOCTOBHKY H ueJJeC006pa3Ha AJIH MeTIJHKOB MeJIKHX pa3MepOB
(110 M 10). HcnblTbiBalOIQHx 3Ha'lHTeJlbHhle HarpY3KH B npouecce
peaaHHH.
P'syxcTyneH'tQTble MerClUICU (pac. 43. u) HMelOT ABOAHYIO pa6o-
qy qaCTb H MorYT npHMeHHTbcH TO bKO n H o6pa6oTKH oTsep-
CTHH, He HMeJOlUHX OrpaHH'IeHHH no c6ery Pe3b(jbl. liRe cryneHH
06eCne'lHBaJOT MeTIIHKY pa60TY no cxeMe JlBYXKOMnJIeKTHhiX MeTqH.
KOS, TO 3HalfHTeJlbHO YMeHbllJaeT nOJlpe38HHe fJOKOBhlMH KpOMKa-
MH 3yObeB MeTqHK8 BHTKOB pe3b6 . qepHoBaH cryneHb MeTqHKa
Bbi nOJlHJI eT H elite OAHY Ba )KHylO city" KU.HIO: aHa C03;J.8 eT K8K ()bI
Kon H p HYIO na py 9" HT-r a AKa. o6ecnelfHsaJi npHHY lI.HTeJl bHYIO nOlla 'IY
pasHYJO wary pe3b6h1 JlnSi IJHCTOBOA cryneHH MeT'IHKa.
MeTlluKu C 8HYTpeHHuM nOa80aOM CO)/( (pRC. 43, It) HMelOT
nOBblweHHylO cToAKOCTb BCJlellCTBHe nY'IWHX YCJlOBHA CMa3KH,
OXJI3>KlleHHH, OTBo.na CTPY*KH H COOTBeTCTBeHHO YMeHbmeHHR CRn
pe3aHHH.
MeT'lUK.U KOAOICOAbH020 Tuna (pHC. 43, A) npHMeHJUOT npH Ha-
pe3aHHH OTBeTCTBeHHhlX KpynHblx pe3b6 AKaMerpoM 50-400 MM. B
oco6eHHOCTH B TH)KenOM MaWHHOCTpoeHHH. Hx "I8CTO BLinOJIHRIOT
Haca HoA KOHCTpYKUHR. BHYTpeHHHR nO OCTb 06eCneQH8aer xopo-
lIlHA nOABO,l1 CO)l( H 60JlbIDOe npocrpaHCTBO AnSI pa3MelUeHHH
CTPY>KKH. MeTqHKH HMelOT 60Jtbwoe qHCJ10 nepheB (.no 16) H MorYT
MHorOKpaTHo nepeTaQHBaTbCH K8K no nepeAHeA 1 T8K H no 3a HeH
rpaHH.
f a e q H IX e MeT q H K H. faeltHbie MeTtlHKH C npJlMhiM XBOCTO
BHKOM (pHC. 44, a) npHMeHRIOT .D.JUI HapeaaHHSI MeTpH'tIeCKOA pe3b-
6hl JlHaMeTpoM 3-52 MM H JUOHMOBOA - ,llHaMeTpOM 1/4 '1 ---1 1/4'1
llJlH HHX xa paKTepeH UlHpOI<HH .llHana30H AJIH" L (Ta6JI. 29). Pa3-
Mepbl B Ta6JIHue - B MHJlJlHMeTpax.
B K8)K)l.OM ,ltH ana30He .aHa M eTpOB 60JIbWHe AJI H HbI L, II, 1 2 HC-
nOJ] b3YJOT JlJISI M eTtI HKOB 60Jl bWHX P a3MepOB.
raeqHhle MeTIJHKH C waXMaTHhlM pacnOJlO)KeHHeM 3y6beB npeJ(.-
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PHC. 44. MeT'IHKH raeqHYe
d -I: I1pJlMWM xaCX:TOJBKOM; (j - c M30rsYTIJIJI X:aoc:TOPKOM; 6 - C C-OOpa3BWII X8OCTO-
RHKOW
HaaHatfaJOTCJI j\n.R Hape38HHB pe3h6 J1.H8MeTpoM 3-36 MM B raHKax
H3 KOpp03HOHHO-CTOAKHX H 1KapOnpO'lHblX CTaJIeH.
MeTqHKH raelJHble C H30rHYTblM XBOCTOBHKOM (pHC. 44, 6) npeA-
Ha3HaqeHbI ;1J1ft MeTpaqecKoA H )1IOHMOBOR pe3b6b1. Hx OCHOBHhle
pa3Mepbl npHBe eHhI B Ta6J1. 30.
MeTtlHKH. npHMeHBeMbie Ha CTaHK8X 2A061, HMelOT YAnHHeH-
HYIO saoopHYIO qaCTb 1 1 = 16P, Bce OCTBJIbHble MeTtJHi<H HMelOT
1 1 = 12P.
MeTI.JHKH raeqHble c C-06pa3HhlM XBOCTOBHKOM (pHC. 44, B)
npe Ha3Ha eH A H MeTpHqeCKOH pe3bOU. Hx OCHOBH e pa3Mep
npHBe;1eHbl B T80n. 31.
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20-39
40-52
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70, 80. 90. tOo, 110, 120, 160, 180
120, 140. 160, 200, 220, 250
180 t 200. 280, 320
220. 250. 280 J 320, 360
280. 360, 400. 450, 500
4-tO
6-18
9-24
9--48
18-54
20-22
22-32
32-40
40-55
55-60
T a 6 Jl H 1l a 30
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3-5 0.35-0 t 8 140, 196- 25 15 2061.2A061
6-10 0,50-1,5 200 45 30 2062
12-20 1,00-2,5 300 60 50 2063
22-30 } tOO-3,S 420 100 70 2064
- nepsoe 3KaileHHe J1J1 R aBTOM3Ta 2061, BTO p oe -- )1.1151 2A06 L
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d I p L I R
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3,0 713
no cpaBHeHHIO C H30rHYTblMH Mer'lHKaMH 3TH MeT({HKH HMelOT
YBeJJHQeHHOe IIHCJIO nepbeB -.no 6 H YAJIHHeHHblH 3a6opHblH KOHYC:
11 = 1 SP J],JlH pe3 b6b1 M6 H 11 = 24P jtJJH pea b6b1 M8- M2i. P a 60113 R
lJaCTb C-06pa3HblX MeTlfHKOB AeJJaeTCH HanaHHou.
3TH MeTI{HKH npe.lI.Ha3Ha'JeHbl JJS1 pa60fbl Ha CTaHK3X 2AOb2
2A063 H 2A064.
94
MeT'IHKH AJIH KOHHqeCKOH I
p e 3 b 6 bI. I1x KOHCTPYKUHH nOK33a- ..:::11 ;; 11
Ira H3 pHC. 45. MeTIIHKH JlOJ1>KHbI 6b1Tb
3aTblJIOB3HbI no npocJ>HJlIO H3 BceR -f :rm-
;tJ1HHe pa60IJeli ttaCTH H no HapY)KHOH - --
HosepxHocTH 3a6opHoro KOHyca.
OCHoBHble pa3Mepbl MeTQHKOB JUI PHC. 45. Me,-qlfK KOHHqecKHA
KOHH qeCKOH J.UOHMOBOH pe3 b6b1 H 3J H a -
'13fOTCH no rOCT 6227-80E.
MeT q H K H 6 e c C T P Y)K e 11 II bf e. BeccTpY>KettHbie MeTqHKH
IfMelOT KOHHttecKYIO 3a6opHYlO 1J3CTb C nOJ1HoA BblCOTOA npo<pHJUI
pe3b6b1 (pHC. 46. a) " npocpHnb Tpex-, 'teThlpex- HJlH mecTHrpaHHoro
CeIJeHHR c nJI3BHblM cKpyrJIeHHeM BblCTynoB C 33ThlJIORaHHeM k,
paBHblM 0,1-1,0 MM (pHC. 46, 6). BOJ1bWee a3ThlJl003HHe xapaK"
TepHO llJUI MeTQHKOB C 60J1bWHMH BH MeTpaMH. D.JUI M3WHHHblX
MeTQHKOB, npe Ha3HaqeHH X AJ1H o6pa6oTKH rnyxHx oTBepcTHA,
yron 3a6opHoro KOHyca q>=9°, 3 J.(nJi CKB03HblX q>=4°30'; ,ltJIH raeq-
HblX MeT"HKOB cp==== 1 °30'. Tseptl.ocnJla BHhle 6eccTpy.eQHlie MeTIfH'"
KH C60pHOH KOHCTPYKUMH npHMeHH T nH o6pa6oTKH pe3b6u Ha-
M eTpOM CBhlwe 30 M M (p HC. 46, 8).
TeXHHlleCKHe TpefioB8HHA K MeT'IHKaM. MeTtlHKH U3rOTOBnSIIOT.
l{aK npaSHno, 83 6h1CTpOpe>KymeR CTanH P6M5. MeT(jHKH MaWHH-
Ho-pytlHble JlHaMeTpoM 12 MM H 60nee H raettHble AH3MeTpoM 10 MM
H 60Jlee cJle yeT H3rOTOBJ1HTb CB3pHblMH C XBOCTOBHK3MH 83 CTa-
a)
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PHC. 46. MeTIfHKR 6eccTpY>KeQH Lie:
D 6 - u,eJlbuoA !(ORCTPYKIUJK (G - 4-opw8 3860ptlQA 'faCTH; 6 - <J>vPM ill noncpe'!tiLiX C IJe--
HHfI): fJ - TSepAOCJ1.11a Btl n c(iopHon h..<JHCTPYl\llHH
95
JIH 45 HJlH 40X; H3 CTaJlH Y7 MO>KHO H3rOTOBJIHTb XBOCTOBHKH raeq-
HbiX MeTqIlKOB.
TBepJlOCTb pa60qeH qaCTH MeTqHKOB .L{HaMeTpoM .l\O 6 MM lI.0Jl>K-
Ha 6b1Tb 62-64 HRC 3 , J].HaMeTpOM CBblwe 6 MM-63-66 HRC 3 .
TBep.L{OCTb XBOCTOBHKOB MeTqHKOB .L{OJlJKHa 6bITb 37-52 HRC 3 .
napaMeTpbl wepoxoBaTocTH nOBepxHocTeH MeT1JHKOB ,nOJI>KHbI
6blTb CJIeJlYIOIl.\HMH: npoq>HJUI pe3b6b1, nepe,l{HeH H 33,aHeii nOBepxHo-
cTeH pe}KYIl.\eH qaCTH - Ra=0,32; XBOCTOBHKOB Ra= 1,6; KaH3BOK
Rz= 12,5; OCTaJIbHbIX nOBep HocTeH Rz=25 MKM.
,[lonycKH paJ1HaJlbHorO 6HeHHSI pe>KYlUeH qaCTH no HapY>KHoMY
J1HaMeTpy, KaJIH6pYlOIneA qaCTH - no HapY>KHoMY H Cpe.ltHeMY .aHa-
MeTpaM, XBOCTOBHKOB MeTqHKOB, 3aKpenJIeHHblX B u.eHTpax, ,l!OJ}}KHhI
COCTaBJIHTb JlJUI MaWHHHblX MeTqHKOB 0,02-0,04 MM, a JIfl raeq-
HbiX - 0,03-0,06 MM.
eTqHKH RH HRIIHJlpHqeCKHX pe3b6 cRe yeT H3rOTOBJ1 Tb C
o()paTHOH KOHYCHOCTblO no BHYTpeHHeMY, cpe HeMY H HapY1KHOMY
JJ.HaMeTpaM 0,05-0,15 MM Ha 100 MM .nJIHHbI. ,QJI.ft BH3KHX M3TepHa-
JlOB npHHHMalOT 60JlblUee 3HaqeHHe KOHYCHOCTH.
Pe>KYIUaSi qaCTb MeTqHKOB .nOR}KHa 6bITb 3arhlJIOBaHa no HapY}I{-
HOMY .nHaMeTpy. no npO HJlIO npH .L{HaMeTpe MeTqHKOB 4 MM II BbI-
me HX 3aTbIJIOBaHHe COCTaBJIHeT 0,02-0,2 MM Ha WHpHHe nepa.
BOJIbWHe 3HaqeHHH BeJIHqHHbI 3aThIJlOBaHHJI npHHHM310T ,nJISI MeT"
qHKOB 60JlbWerO llHaMeTpa.
J10nYCKH pe3bObi MeTQHKOB. B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT CTeneHH TOqHO-
CTH Hape3aeMoii UHJIHH.L{pHqeCKOH pe3b6hl peKOMeHJlyeTcSI npHMe-
HSlTb MetqHKH pa3J1HtIHbIX CTeneHeii TOtIHOCTH. Jl.JIR MeTpHqeCKOH
pe3b6bI npH noca,aKe C 3a30poM:
nOJle .a;onycKa 4H ,5H 5H t 6H 6H 6H, 7 H 60 60 t 10
CTeneHb TOqHOCTH HI H2 H3 H4 01 02
LlJIH MeTpHqeCKOH pe3b6 npH noca K3X nepexo,l!Hoii H C HaTH-
rOM CTeneHb TOqHOCTH MeTtlHKOB BbIwe H 1.
LlJIH TPYOHOii UHRHHAPHqeCKOH pe3b6bI npHMeHfllOTcB MeTqHKH
1JeTbIpeX KJIaCCOB TOtIHOCTH: Al- JlJIH raeK, CBHHqHBaeMbiX C KOHn-
tIeCKOH HapY>KHOH pe3booH; A2 H A3 - ,l{JIR. raeK CTeneHH TOqHOCTH
A H B 1 - ,LlJIH raeK CTeneHH TOqHOCTH B.
,[lJlH JlIOHMOBOH IJ.HJIHHJlpHQeCKOH pe3b6bl 2-ii H 3-ji cTeneHeH
TOqHOCTH npHMeHHIOT MeTtlHKH cTeneHeH TOtIHOCTH C H D; .ltJl Tpa-
neneHJlaJIbHOH pe3bobl cTeneHeH TOqHOCTH 7H H 8H - MeTqHKH CTe-
neHeH TOqHOCTH COOTBeTCTBeHHO H5 H H6.
none .L{onycKa Ha pe3b6y MeTtIHKa p3CnOJIO eHO BHYTPH nOJlH
onycKa pe3bobl raHKH H OObItlHO COCTaBJIHeT 10-20% nOJIH ,Llony-
CKa pe3bobl raHKH.
OpeJleJIbHbIe OTKJIOHeHHH wara pe3b6bI MeTtJHKOB Ha )\JIHHe
25 MM 06b1QHO COCTaBJIHIOT + 0,012 MM. MeHbWHe OTKJIOHeHHH (11 0
+ 0,008 MM) npHHHMalOT JlJUI MeTtIHKOB HaMeTpoM d 3,5 MM H
MeTtIHKOB, npe.L{Ha3HaQeHHblX .L{JIH HapeaaHHH pe3b6hI nOBbIweHHoH
96
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naTpOH
PaUHOHanbH3R oOnaCTb npHMeHeHHft
)l(CCTKHH
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MeTqHKa K nocaJJ.OtIHoMY MecTY llInH"JJ.enSi H
npeJJ.oxpaHeHHH nOCJIeJJ.Hero OT H3HaWHoaHHH
C oceBoH KOMneHCau.HeH, pa6o-
1 a IOlUHH:
Ha paCTSI:>KeHHe
Ha C)f{aTHe
Ha C>KaTHe H paCTSDKeHHe
C pa HanbHoH KOMneHca HeH:
KallalOUI.HHcR
nJIaBalOmHH
nJ1 a B aJOme-K a q alOUJ,HiicSi
npH nOJJ.aqe MeTqHKa, qHCJIeHHO MeHbweii,
qeM war pe3h6hl
npH n0.ltaqe MeTQHKa, 1JHCJIeHHO oonbweii,
1JeM war pe3b6b1
L{JJSI YHH4>HKau.HH narpoHoB
npH OTKJIOHeHHH OT COOCHOCTH MeT'lHKa HOT.
BepCTHR JJ.O 0.2 MM
npH napanJIeJIbHOM CMeUJ,eHHH oee"
npH OTKnOHeHHH OT COOCHocrH Mer\lHKa H
oTBepcTHSI .no I MM BCJIe):{CTBHe HaJIHqHR pa-
,lI.HanbHhlX H yrJloBhlx norpeU1HocreH
BblCTpOCMeHHblH
npH Heo6xoJJ.HMOCTH tfaCTblX a3MeH HJlH CHR-
THR MeT'IHKOB, B oco6eHHOCTH "PH Muoro-
mnHH.neJIbHOH oopaOOTKe
C JIUMHTHpOBaHHblM KpYTSlUI.HM
MOMeHTOM M Kp :
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c pery.l1HpOBaHHeM Jl p
llJlH YMeHbIUeHHH nOJIOMOK MeTtlHKOB BCJIe.n-
CTBHe HX ()blCTporo H3HallIHBaHHK, BblKpaWH-
BaHHA, H3JIH1JHR B 3arOTOBKe OTBepCTHA nOA
pe3b6y 33HH:>KeHHblX JJ.HaMeTp3 H rny6HHbI,
a T3K>Ke CMemeHHblX H T. ):1.
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4-715
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TO\!HOCTH t a 60JlbWHe OTKJIOHeHHH (J.t.O :i=O,050) -- JI.JUI MeyqHKOB..
npeJ1.Ha3HalleHHblX l1JJH Hape33HHH pe3bOba 7-9-fl CTeneHeH TOttHO-
CTH.
n pe.zte.nbHble OTKJ10HeHHJI nOJlOBHHbl yr Jla npo$HJlJI 06b1I1HO co..
CTaBJIftlOT ::f:25' MeHbWHe OTKJ10HeHHH (,no 15') npHHHMalOT .LtJJH
Ha H50Jlee TOqHblX MeT\lHKOB C KpynHblMH waraMH pe3b6bl t a 60Jlb-
WHe (ttO ::t60') JtH MeHee OTBeTCTBeHHblX MeTttHKOB. B ocooeH-
HOCTH C MeJlKHM warOM.
naTpoHw AJiA MeT'IHKOB. MeT HK yCTaHaBJ1HS3IOT B naTpOH t KO"
TOPhi" 33KpenJUflOT B WnJiH./leJIe CTaHKa. B CHCTeMe CT3HOK - npK-
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a TaK>Ke CTOHKOCTb HHCTpYMeHTa. OCHOBHoe H33HaIJeHHe naTpOHOB-
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qHK B npouecce o6pa6oTKH.
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CTpYMeHT - 3arOTOBKa t c nOMOl1.1blO KOTOpOro Jlerlle Bcero yqeCTb
pa3JJHttHble cneUH$HqeCKHe YCJlOBHR o6pa6ofKH, B TOM qHCJJe TOq-
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Hble HB HX pa3JJHIIHOM <PYHKUHOH8J1bHOM Ha3HaqeHHH (Ta6J1. 32).
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HHor,Aa HX BblnOJlHHIOT 6b1CTpOCMeHHbfMH H C .lHMHTHpOB3HHblM Kpy-
THlllHM MOMeHTOM.
Ha pHC. 47t a npHBe.neHa KOHCTPYKUHH 6b1CTpOCMeHHOH BCTaBKH
K pe3b6oHape3HOMY naTpOHY, a TaK>Ke HaHoonee pacnpOCTpaHeH-
HDle Ha npOH3Bon,CTBe KOHCTPYKItHH caMHX naTpOHOB.
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BH K a MeTq H Ka 2 oCYl1\ecTBJl1lIOTCH ma p HKa MH J n pH "a,BHJKeHHK
BTYJlKH 5 B oceBOM HanpaBJIeHHH no"a, AeHcTBHeM npYJKHHbI 4.
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Ha Topeu BrYJlKH 5.
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Ha, B KOTOpOM HCnOJJb3yercSi KpenJleHHe MeTlfHKa / pa3pe3HoH
BTYJIKOH 2, o6eCneQHBaJOlIteH HaH60Jlee T01fHOe UeHTpHpoB3HHe
XBOCTOBHKa MeTqHK3 DO BCTaBKe 3.
Ha pHC. 47, 8 npHBeJ1eHa KOHCTpYKnHft narpOHa c oceBoA KOM-
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l - C pe3bt5oBoR KQnHpHOA napoA
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ca naTpOHa 2.
Ha pHC. 47, nOKa33Ha KOHCTPYKU,HSI pe3bC5oBoro KonHp3, coe-
TOHII{ero H3 HanpaBJlHI01U.eA pe3b6oBoH raAKH 3 H BCTaBKH I c
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MH KOHyca..nepeXO HHKa (He nOKa38H Ha pHCYHKe). npH BpaIlle"
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}{HT B KOHTaKT C J1eHTpanbHoH wecrepHeA 10.. KOTopaH c nOMOlUblO
uapa3HTHbix wecTepeH 9 H ueHTpanbHoro KOJleCa J J Bbl3h10aeT
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MOK. B BHJ1e Ha60pa CDHpaJlbHblX lllaA6 cl>PHKulfoHa 8, KPYTHWHH
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CTBHe (HRH HeltOCT3TOQHaH aMnnHTY.ll.3) KaqaHHH HnH ocesoA KOM-
neHC3UHH y naTpoHa; Ha HtfHe norpewHocTH yCTaHoBKH XBOCTOBOH
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HHe cpeAHero AH8MeTpa MeTqHKa; 6HeHHe 3a60pHOH qaCTH MeT H-
K3 OTHOCHTeJlbHO XBOCTOBHKa, 60JlbWee 0.,05 MM; oceooe 6HeHHe
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H8 pe>KYruylO qaCTh MeTqHK8 npH o6pa6oTKe BSl3KHX M3TepHanoB.
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4.3. PE3b60HAPE3HblE rOJlOBKH
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pe3Hblx. peeOJlb8epHhlx CT8HK8X, TOKapHhlX 3BTOMaTax H aSTOM3-
THQeCKHX J1HHHRX.
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lU.ero C TOpUOM Hape3aeMOH 3arOTOBKH.
HeBpamalOlUHecSi ronOBKH BbI KJI IOtf3 JOTCR P YKOSiTKa M H HJlH
aOTOM8THQeCKH. Pa3J1Htfa1OT BHHTope3Hble ronOBKH ABYX THnOB: C
paAHaJJbHblM H TaHreHltHanbHLlM pacnOJlO>KeHHeM rpe6eHOK. B nep"
SOM cJJYllae rpe6eHKH BblnonHHIOT KpyrJIblMH HnH npH3MaTHQeCKH-
MH, 80 BTOpOM --- TOJlbKO npH3MaTH'IeCKHMH.
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KH C KpyrJlblMH rpeoeHKaMH. J1x BbInYCKalOT Tpex THnOB:
He8palltalOUJ.HeCH JJ.JISI Hape33HHH pe3bObi Ha peBOJIbBepHblX H
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HeBpalllalOlltHecA Ma.nora6apHTHbie AnSI Hape33HHH pe3b6b1 Ha
O.ll.HOWnHH,neJlbHblX TOKapHblx 8BTOM8Tax (pHC. 49. 8).
OCHOBHble pa3Mepbl BpalllaJOutHxCH H HeBpalUalOlltHXCH rOJlOBOK
C KpyrJJhlMH rpe6eHK8MH H pa3Mepbl Hape3aeMoA HMH pe3b6b1 npH.
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BOK - B Ta6J1. 34.
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HblH AHaMeTp D (pHC. 501 a) H WHpHH3 L.
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103
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WHA war 60nec NeMec
4 10 1.5 68 ]K 20; 25 ]90 80
6 J4 2,0 15 2K 25;30 210 100
9-24 3,0 105 3K 30;38 255 120
12-42 3,0 125 4K 45 75 305 120
24-60 4,0 155 5K 45;70 315 150
Pn1MCpw pe31:.6b1, fon08Ktt apat11aK>w,HetH
BlUIl
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30
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45;70
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35
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150
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200:225
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110
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rp = 20 0 Ol1HaKO npH orpaHH'ieHHOM BhlXOJ1e HHcTpYMeHTa npHMe-
HHIOT cp = 30°, a B BH.l1e HCKJlJOQeHHH =45°. HHor,ll.3 ,l1JJH nOBbI-
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maTene rpe6eHKH YCTaHaBRH8a T no nopAAKY HOMepOB npOTHB
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JIatlKa, nOJlyqaTb MMHHMaJlbHblH npHnYCK H8 nepeTOIJKY.
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onH3KHM HnH paSHUM yrny no eMa 8HHTOBOH nHHHH Hape3aeMOH
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105
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Yron HaKJlOHa pe>Kyw.eA KpOMKH A npHHHMalO1 J1JIH LI.H.1HH)J.PH-
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BeJ1H'IHHY a onpe.!J.eJIHIOT paCqeTHbiM nYTeM H KoppeKTHpYIOT B
n pou.ecce 3KC nJl ya Ta UII H 0 Ka K n pa BHno, rpet5e H KH YCT a H a BJI HBa lOT
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ce pa6o'fbl nOJIOJKHTeJlbHblH 3BAHHK yrOJI Ha KpaAHeM BHTKe 3a6op-
HOH ttacTH H HYJIeBOH yrOJI H8 KaJIH6pYJOlI1eH tlBCTH" rpe6eHKH.
B pe3YJlbTaTe TaKOH YCTaHOBKH Me}t(Jl.Y Hape3aeMOH 3arOTOBKOH II
rpe6eHKOH 06pa3YlOTCH KOHTaKTH e nJIOll(allKH, YJIY1JWaJOlI.\HC
eHTpHpOBaHHe H caM03aT rHBaH"e pe3b6oHape3HOH rO OBKH, CHH.
:H<aJOIltHe wepOXOBaTOCTb o6pa6aTblBaeMOH pe3b6b1.
KpyrJlble rpe6eHKH H3rOTOBnfllOT H3 ()blcTpope>Kyw.eA CTaJlH
P 18, P6M5 H .n-p. DUH ,AOJl>KHbI HMeTb TBepl10CTb 63 -- 66 HRC;J-
lUepoxoB8TOCTb onopHoro TOpU.a rpe6eHKH Ra 1,25 MKM., nepe.u-"
Hen H 33AHeA nosepXHOCTeH H npocfJHJJSI pe3b6b1 Rz 3,2 MKM.
OTKJIOHeHHe wara P Me*lI.Y j1SYMSI JlI06b1MH BHTKa MH Ha JtJlHHe
rpe6eHKH :tO,OI MM Pa3HOCTb CpeJlHHX ,nH8MeTpOB rpe6eHOK. MM,
He 6oJtee: 0,02 - 8 KOMnneKTe; 0.2 -- Me1KAY rpe6eHK3MH pa3J1HtI-
HblX KOMnJIeKTOB.
fOJl08KH A.IIK HapeaaHHA BHYTpeHHeA pe3b6b1 npeJ1CT8snHJOT
C060H pa3HoBHAHOCTb perYJlHpyeMbix c60pHblx MeTQHKOB C y6Hpa-
JOWHMHCJ1 B KOHue pa6oQero xOll.a rpe6eHKaMH, liTO HCKJllOlIaeT
pesepCHpOBaHHe. npHMeH1110TCH rOJIOBKH l1BYX THnOB: C KpyrJ1b1MH
H npH3MaTHQeCKHMH rpe6eHKaMHo HaH60JlbWee pacnpOCTpaHeHHe
nonYQHJ1H rOJlOBKH PHfB c npH3MaTHileCKHMH rpe6eHKaMH. 3TH
rOJlOBKH MorYT 6b1Tb Opal.U.alO1l\HMHcH HJlH HeBpalltaf011lHMHCH.
B nepeAHeA qaCTH Kopnyca ronOBKH /6 (pHC. 51) pacnono>Ke-
HbI na3b1 KpecToBHHbI 3. nOJlO>KeHHe na30B KpecToBHHbl 3 H KOp-
J'J 22 1 .211' " 17 16
PHC. 51. raAKoHape3Has rOJlOBKa PHfB
106
nyca 16 J:tOJI>KHO COBOa,lt3Tb, AJiH qero KpecToBHHa (j>HKcMpyeTcSI
8HHTOM 22. K TOPILY Kopnyca /6 BHHTaMH 23 npHBepHYTa Kpb31lJ-
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HYT na eu 9 c pO HKaMH 7 H 8. Ha CepAeqHMK 10 B03 eAcTByeT
npY>KHHa 4. POJJHK 7 BXOAHT B npoAonbHLlR na3 I<opnyca 16. a po..
JIHK 8'- B r-06pa3HblH BHHTOBOH na3 HTynKH /8. naJleu 9 KOHT3K-
THpyeT T3Kjf{e C BHHTOBblM na30M B o6oHMe /9, KOTopaSl, B CBOIO
OqepeAb. CBSl3aHa C BTYJJKOH /8 pOJlHKOM /2 H8 OCH II. B oceSOM
HanpaBneHHH BTYJ1Ka 18 cpHKcHpyeTcH J1BYM.R napaMH raeK (5 H 6)/1
c nOMOutblO KOTOp hi x pery JI HpYIOT cpeAH HA .nH a MeTp Ha pe3aeM 0"
pe3bt)hI.
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BoepHyrl PYf<01lTKa 13 c mapoBoA rOJloBKoA 14.
llJlSl 8STOMaTHlfeCKoro BhlKJlJOqeHHft r0J10BKH MO)KeT 6bJTb HC-
nOJlb30BaHa npOTOtJKa B olioHMe 19 no,ll BHJ1KY (XOMYT) HJ1H waii-
6a 21, ynHpalOW3HcR B TOpen Hape3aeMoH 3arOTOBKH. B waA6y 21
BBepHYTbI TSirH 20, c nOMOIUblO KOTOpblX BHHT8MH 15 YCTaHaBJlH8a-
eTCH Tpe6yeMaH AJlHH8 HapeaaeMOH pe3b6h1. lllaA6a 21, ynHpaRcb
B Topeu 3arOTOBKH, nepeMell1aeT o6oAMY 19, BHHTOBOH na3 KOTO-
poA nOBOpaQHBaeT na eu 9 AO Tex nop, nOKa OH He B HAeT H3
nonepe'lHoA qaCTH r"06pa3Horo BHHTOBoro naa3 80 9TYJlKe 18 H
He nonaAeT H8 era BHHTOBYIO qaCTb. noJt AeAcTBHeM npY>KHHbI 4
cepJ1eQHHK 10, a BMecTe C HRM H KpecToBHHa 3 CJlBHraeTCH BnpaBo.
6narOJlapH qeMY rpe6eHKH y6Hpa TcH BHYTPb H B XOAftT 83 KOH"
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npJlMoA ropH30HTaJIbHblit yqaCTOK H *HKcHpyeT pa60tlee nOJlO/Ke..
HHe rOJlOBKH. CMa3b1BaHKe rOJlOBKH OCYlUeCTBJlHeTCH Qepe3 OTBep-
CTHe, 3aKpLiToe npo6Ko&t J7
rOJIOBKH PHfB npe.nHa3HaQeHbI ,llJIft Hape3aHHR BHYTpeHHeii
pe3b6h1 l1H3MeTpoM 35-40; 42-50; 52-65; ,68-80; 80-95;
100-130 MM, HaH6o bWH" war pe3b6b1 3 MM 4HCJlO rpe6eHoK
11=4...6.
4.4. CErMEHTY-POnHKH
KOMnJleKT HHCTpYMeHTa J1JIjf onaHeTapHoro HaKaTblS3HHSI COCT04
HT H3 ltHJlHH.l1pU1feCKOrO pOJIHKa (pHC. 52. a) C MHor033XO,ltHOA
pe3b6oH H cerMeHTa, HMelOlltero BHYTpeHHlO1O UHJ1HHJ1pHQecKYIO
MJlor038xo,a"ylO pe3b6y a T3K)Ke na3b1 H JlblCKH J{nH pa3MeIUeHHH
l1.HCKOB (3Be3AOQeK)t c nOMOll{blO KOTOpblX npOHcxO,llHT nO.ll.aqa
3arOTOBOK (pRC. 52, 6).
JlB HaK3ThlS3HH}I npaBoA pe3b6b1 pe3b6a Ha pOJlHKe J1OJI>Kua
6btTb JIeBa1l, H3 cerMeHTe - npaB3H t a AJIH HaKaTbl8aHH Jlesou
pe3h6bl - H306opOT.
107
6 hr Pe3b68 Ha pOnHK3X
H CerMeHTax 06pa3yeTcR
WJlH aaHHeM HJlH H3.
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, . CerMeHT3X oTcyrCTByeT.
a Y"laCTKH 3aXBara H
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3ylOTCR 6J1ar0J1apR YCTa-
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"CTPYNel; 8 :R JI.HeTapKoro BIKI- Ha cerMeHTax C Ha-
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n0J1WJlH4»0BaHHblM npo-
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HHIO K pOJlHKY.
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pe3b6b1, KaK H npH HaKaTWBaHHH J18YMR ponHKa MH, RBJlReTCR KpaT-
IIOCTb '1HCna 3aX0J10B pe3b6w pOJlHKa H cerMeHTa OTHoweHIUI cpeJ1-
HHX J1HaMeTpOB HX pe3b6w K CpeJ1HeMY J1HaMeTpy pe3b6b1 J1eTanH.
4HCJlO 3ax0J10B pe3h6bi poJlHka onpeJ1eJ1"IOT no 4»opMyne K p =
= D 2P /d", rJ1e D 2P - CpeJ1HHH J1HaMerp ponHKa, Ha3Ha'laeMbiH HCXO-
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50 lot"';
IIpe.a.eJlbHoe OTKJlOKeHHe wara Me>l\J1Y J1BYM" JII06b1MH HHTKaMH
113 J1J1HHe 25 MM - 0,01 Mroc;
OTK.rrOHeHHe n0J10BHHbI yrJ1a npO$HJlR pe3b6b1 ::!:30' J1J1" p=
=0,8. .1,0, 25' J1J1R P= 1,2. 1,5;
OTKnOHeHHe XOJ1a BHHTOBOH JlHHHH aT TeopeTHlfeCKofi ::!: 0,02 MM.
K pOJlHKaM npeJ1'b"BJlRIOTCR CJleJ1YIOLLlHe Tpe60BaHHR:
KOH}'coo6p33HOCTb no CpeJ1HeMY J1H3MeTpy Ka WHpHHe pOJ1HKa
75 MM - He 60Jlee 0,015 MM;
6HeHHe cpe Hero H HapY>KHOrO AH3MerpoB pe3h6w OTHOCHTeJlb-
HO OCH oTBepCTHR - He 60J1ee 0,03 MM.
HHCTpYMeHTbI J1J1R nJ13HeTapHoro HaK3TblBaHHR H3rOTOBJ1RIOTC"
H3 CraJiH Tex >Ke MapOK, "ITO H pOJlHKH J1BYXpOJlHkOBblX CTaHKOB.
OJ1HaKO npeAnOlfTHTeJ1bHee cranb X12M C nepJ10CTbJO 59-
62 H C3.
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OCHOBHble pa3Mepbl nJlOCKHX nnaWeK AJiR HaKaTbiBaHIUI MeTpH-
',ecKoA pe3b6b1 H TeXHH\leCKHe Tpe60BaHHSI K HHat pernaMeHTHpo-
"alibi rOCT 2248-80E, B COOTBeTCTBHH C KOTOpblM npeAYCM3TpM-
naeTCR HJrOTOBJleHHe OAHOCTOpOHHHX nJlaWeK AnSI pe3b6b1 M 1,6-
M27 c warOM 0,2-3 MM.
Ha pHC. 53, a npMBeAeHbI KOHcTpyKTHBHble pa3Mepbl H reOMeT-
jlH'feCKHe napaMeTpbl :nHX nnaweK, o6ecneIfHBalOU1Hx HaKaTblBa-
II lie pe3b6 6-11 CTeneHH TOIfHOCTH no rOCT 16093-81. Ha
pllC. 53, 6, B nOKaJaHbI ABYCTopoMHHe .I1Byxn03Hu.HoHHble H 'U Tblpex-
1I0JH1!HOHHble nnaWKH.
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fS=3° H qI=O AnSI pe3b6b1 C warOM P I MM H no.l1 yr.ilaMH =5°
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y KOTOpblX 3a6opHaH 'IaCTb o6pa3yeTcH TOJlbKO w.nH«p0BaHHeM
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Tpy oeMKH B H3rOTosneHHH H MorYT peKoMeH oBaTbcH A H pe3b6
c marOM p 1 MM.
,l:(JlH YCTpaHeHHR npOCKaJlb3b1BaHHH H J1Yllwero 3aXBaTblBaHHH
3arOTOBOK Ha 3a6opHOH 'IaCTH nJ18WeK t HaqHHaH c wara 1,25 MM,
BbJOOJIHHIOT HaCeqKH B BHAe K8H8S0K t opMa H pa3Mepbl KOTOphiX
J.laHbI Ha puc. 54, B, z. HaCeQKH, cpOpM8 KOTOphiX nOKa33Ha H8
pHC. 54, 2, xap8KTepH3YJOTCH 60JlbWOH Ha,ne)KHOCiblO B pa60Te.
CyllteCToYJOT T3K>Ke KOM6HHHpOBaHHble (c60pHhle) RJlaWKH AJIH
H8KaTblBaHHH pe3b6h1 H KOJIbu.eBOH KaHaBKH, pe3b6b1 H CfiHpaJIbHOH
KaH8BKH, pe3b6b1 H pHclJJleHHH, pe3b6bl H npOAOJlbHOA KaHaSKH.
TInocKHe DJlaWKH H3rOTOBnSlOT H3 CTaJleH Tex }Ke MapOK, qTO
H pOJlHKH J1JIR ABYXpOJIHKOBhlX CT3HKOB, a T810Ke C TeMH >Ke 6aJI-
JlaMH Kap6HAHoA HeOJ1HOpOAHOCTH H TOepJ1.0CTblO. napaMeTp wepo-
XOB3TOCTH npo4>HJlSI pe3b6b1 AOJl>KeH 6h1Tb He (jOJIee Rz=6,3 MKM.
a YCT3HOBOl.fHblX H onopHhlX nosepXHOCTeA - He 60nee Ra=
=) ,25 MKM.
ltonycK napaJIJleJIbHOCTH Me>K,l1y nJlOCKOCTblO. npOXO.lI.Hll1eH qe-
pe3 aepwHHbI pe3h6b1 H onopHoli noaepXHOCTbIO, He AOJl1KeH npe-
BblW8Tb H3 BceA WHpHHe nJl3WKH 0,02 MM. H3 AJIHHe )10 170 MM-
O 03 MM. H3 JJ.JJHHe 170-250 MM - 0,05 MM -H Ha )1J1HHe 250-
400 MM - 0,07 MM.
npe.n-eJlbHOe OTKJ10HeHHe IIJ8ra Me>K,lI,Y J{BYMH nJ06b1MH HHTK8-
M H: ::t::O,03 MM Ha .D-JlHHe 25 MM. Pe3b6a OJl,HOH nJI3WKH O.ll.Horo
KOMnneKTa no OTHOlUeHHIO K pe3b6e JtpyroH nJlalUKH J10n>KHa 6bITb
CMell{eHa Ha O.5P, C'IHT3H OT YCTaHOBOtiHOA nooepXHOCTH4
110
npeAeJlbHOe OTKnOHeHHe HanpaBneHHH HHTKH Ha ltJlnne 100 MM
or TeOpeTHlIeCKOrO JlOJJ>KHO 6b1Tb He 60Jlee + 0,03 MM. llonycK
nCpneHJ1HKYJl$lPHOCTH YCTaHOB01JHoit nOBepXHOCTH K onopHOH no..
nepXHOCTH Ha 100 MM J1nHHbI - He 60nee 0,1 MM.
Pa60lfaH -AJlHHa HenOJ1BH>KHOA nnaWKH 'L 1 == N!I(!3+0,5l, rl1e N =
= 5...8 - lfHCJlO 060pOTOB 3arOTOBKH ')3 BpeMH npexpHJtHpOBaUHH
pe3b6b1; d J - AH3MeTp 3arOTOBKH; I - J1,J1HH3 c6paCblOalOLl1eli
IfaCT" .
HenOABH)I(HaH nJIal1JK3 lleJIaeTCft KOp01Je nO)lBHiKHOH JlJlH HC-
f\JIIOIJeHHH 33THrHBaHHH 3arOTOBKH np" 06paTHOM XOj1e (Ha 5-
25 MM B 330HCHMOCTH OT pa3Mepa HaKaThiBaeMoH pe3b6b1). lllHpH"
Ha nnaweK B Bbl6HpaercfI T3K >Ke, KaK H J1Jt}1 pOJ1HKOB .nByxponH-
KOBblX CT3HKOB.
4.8. PE3b50HAKATHbiE POJlHKH
Ha pUC. 55 nOK33aHbI KOHCTPYKUHH pOJlHKOB ltJ1H H3KaTblB3HHft
llHJJHHl1pHQeCKOR H KOHH1IeCKoA pe3b6b1, paOOTal()1UHX C paJ1HaJIb-
Hoii nOlJ,aqeA, H 3aTblJlOB3HHblX ponHKOB, pa60TalOIltHX C T3HreHl.{H-
aJ1bHOH nO,llaqeA.
U.HlIHHAPHlfeCKHe pOJlHKH no fOCT 9539 72 npHMeHSIIOT llJlSl
MeTpHlJeCKOH pe3b6h1 JJ.H3MeTpOM 3-68 MM C rnarOM 0..5-6,0 MM
H H3rOTOBnSllOTCH J].BYX T01JHOCTeA: I-A nOBblweHHoH H 2-A HOp-
M3J1bHOH. POJJHKH nOBblmeHHOH TOqHOCTH npHMeHHIOT JJ,JIR HaK3-
T BaHHH pe3b6Y c no eM AonYCKa 4h H 60nee TOqHOH (c TyrHMH
" nepeXOAHblMH nocaJJ.K8MH). npOcjJHJlb pe3b6h1 pOJIHKOB 06&111HO
wnHq,OB3HHblH, OAH3KO H3 npaKTHKe HcnOJlb3YlOT ponHKH C H3Ka-
TaHHIJIM rIpOcPHJleM J1nSl pe3b6b1 C nOJleM .l10nycx3 8g.
OCHOBHble pa3Mepbl pOJIHKOB onpe.neJlHIOT paCqeTHblM nYTeM C
)'lJeTOM AHaMeTpa, wara" JlnHHbI H CTeneHH TO\lHOCTH HaKaThlBae-
MOH pe3b6b1, a TaK>Ke nacnopTHbiX JJ.8HHblX HaK8THorQ CTaHKa O,ll,-
HHM H3 OCHOBHblX YCJIOBHH npaBHJlbHOH pa60TbI HBJlHeTCSI COOTBeT-
CTBHe yr JIOD nO,AneMa BHHTOBOH JIHHHH Ha pOJIHKaX R H3 pe3b6e.
nnH 06eCneQeHHR O HHaKOBoro yr a nOA eMa pe3h6y Ha ponH.
Kax lteJlaJOT MHor03axo.aHOH: AJiH npaBoR pe3b6b1 ,lJ.eTa.fJH - JIeBylO
pe3b6y H3 pOJlHKax. J1J1H JleBOH pe3b6b1 ,l1eTaJIH - npaBYIO pe3b6y.
4HCJlO 3axOAoB: .k = H /d 2 , r.ne H - CpeJl.HeapHq,MeTHtIeCKOe pac-
CTOH H He Me>K.lI.Y OCSI M H W n HHJle.neii CTa H Ka ; H = (H mar.. + H m In) /2.
d 2 - Cp e .l1HHH AH3MeTp HaKaTb10aeMOH pe3b6b1, oKpyrJleHHblH ,lJ,O ue..
JJoro tlHcn3 B CTOpOHy YMeHbIUeHHH.
CpeJlHHA .l1HaMeTp pOJIHKS D2P=d .
HapY>KHhlH Jl-H3MeTp pOJ1HKa DH8P.p=D2P+2hlm2x. r.ll.e h imax -
H3H6oJlbWaft BhlCOTa rOJlOBKH npo$HnR pe3b6h1 (h imax =O,325P
llJlSl HaK3TYBaHHft MeTpHIJeCKOA pe3b6b1).
fl]HPHH3 pOJlHKa: B=I+2c+ (2...3) P Ann pe b6b1 c warOM
p < 1.5; B = 1+2c + (1,5...2) P AnSI pe3b6b1 C warOM p 1 t5, r.a.e 1-
.l1J1HHa HaKaTbiBaeMoH pe3b6h1; C - )tJlHHa €t>acKH.
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a - UJtJtHHAP '1eCKHe: 6 - 31 TbinOBaHH we; 8 - KOHHtte(:KHe
Pa3Mepbl pOJIHKOB CJJe,l1YJ01l1.He: D=75...207 MM; 8=25...
125 MM.
llonycl<aeMbie OTKJlOHeHHR napSMerpOB pOJIHK08 npHBeAeHhI B
Ta6n. 35.
TIpH H8KaTbJS3HHH pe3b6bl C TyrHMH H nepeXOAHblMH nOCaJ1Ka-
MH enecoo6pa3HO KOH1ponHpOB3Tb OTK OHeHHe xo a BHHTOBOH
J1HHHH (oceBoe 6HeHHe HHTKH) OT TeOpeTHQeCKoro. KOTopoe .J10JI)K-
HO COCT3BnRTb j:O,02 MM.
3aTWnOBaHHWe pO HKM OrnHqa TCH OT UHnHH pHqeCKHX HanH-
1J"eM 3s6oPHOH, K3J1H6pYIOw.eH H c6paCbl03IOlUeA qaCreH. a TaKme
O..l1HOH HJI H 1 'PCKOJIbKH M H Bble M Ka M H JJ.nH 3arpY3KH H y aJl eHHH
3arOTOBOK.
KOHHqeCKHe pO HKH HMe T pe3b6oBOH npO Hnb C YKnoHoM
1 0 47/24" H npeJI.Ha3HaQeHbI j.tJUI KOHHlfeCKHX pe3bt5 no rOCT
61 J 1-52*, rOCT 6211-81 *, rOCT 25229-82.
1 12
T a ($ J) H U. a 35
n ..pa MeTp
.n on yeT H M ble OT KJtOH (!H H Jt
,!tnH pO.1U1KOB C1'eneH H
"TU4HOCTH
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2.A
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J10 J,5
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HapYiKtlhliI AHaMCrp" !\1M
KOHycoo6pa3HOCTb, M I, no cpen.He 1 y AuaMeTpy ..u...1A
B, MM:
)10 50
CBhlwe 50
BHeKHe. MM. cpeJ1HerO H Hap Y>KKOro Jl,UaMeTp08
pe3b6b1 OTHOCHTeJlbHO OC H OT&epCTHfI
DweHHe. M Mt TOpUOB OTHOC HTeJ1bHO H OTBepCTHM Ha
iluaMeTpe ] 00 MM
Pa3KOCTb KapY)f(HbiX .D.H3MerpOB J1SYX pOJlHKOB B
t<o n..'eKTe, MM
PaJHOCTb cpeAHHX AKaMeTpOB BYX PO "KOB B
KOM n.l1eKTe t MM
nOJlOBHHa yr na, npo<j)HJJI pe3bOY )LJUI P t M M:
AO 0,6
CBbI we 0,6 J1.0 0,15
CBblwe Ot 75 )1.0 1,00
CBhlwe 1.00 )to 1,50
CBblWC '.5
::t: 0.0 15
::t:Ot 0 20
+ 0.500
0,015
0,020
Ot0 30
0.020
0,040
0.040
40
::i::35
:f: 30
I25
:t:20
:f: 0,025
:f: 0.030
:t: 0.500
0.030
Ot0 30
0,080
Ot030
0,200
0 , 150
55
:t: 50
:i: 45
40
:f: 30
WHpHH3 KOHHQeCKHX pOJIHKOB B=l+6PJ r,ne 1- pa60tlaR l1__1H-
H3 KOHHtfeCKOH pe3b6b1 AO c6era; P - war pe3b6bL
HapY>KHblH H CpeJl.HHJf llHaMeTpbl KOHHtleCKHX pOJIHKOB onpelt e -
nHIOT TaK )f(e. K8K H J(nR UHJ1HHApHQeCKHX pOJIHKOB.
POJlHKH Ana HaKaTWBaHHA pe3la6w c oceBol nOAaqeit Hx KOH-
CTPYKUIfJl OT JI H'(aeTCR OT KOHCT PYKUH H o6b1t1 H&lX K P yr Jlf:j x pOJlHKOB
HaJlHtfHe M K3JI H 6p YlOllteH H 33 60p Hon 1JaCTeH. ,U.H3 MeTp pOJlHKOB
He OKa3h1B8eT CYlQeCTseHHoro BJJH$lHHR Ha H3KaTblB8HHe H Bbl6H-
paeTCH TaK me, KaK J1HaMeTp 06h11fHblX UHJlHHllpHQeCKHX ponHKoB.
YroJI 3a6opHoro KOHyca npHHHMalOT paBHhlM 3-5 0 J1JIJI o6ecnelfe-
HHH HaJI.e)f{Horo 38XBaTa 3arOTOBKH. npH npHHYllHTeJlbHOA oceBoH
no.naqe 3arOTOBKH 3TOT yrOJI MOJKeT t5blT.b paBeH 10-15 0 POJIHKH
MorYT Tb C KonbuesoH HnH BHHTOBOH Hape3KoH B 3aBHCHMOCTH
or cxeM hi H3 KaTbISaHHjI.
POJlHKH Bcex KOHCTPYKTHBHblX HcnOJlHeHHH CJIeltyeT H3rOTOBJUITb
H3 CTaJleH X12M, XJ2<n I, X6B4», a pOJlHKH llnJl H8KaTblB8HHH 38.
rOTOBOK nOBblweHHoA TBepJlOCTH - H3 CT8JIH 6X6B3M C.
I) anJl K3 p 6Hl1.HOH HeOJ{HO pOJlHOCTH AJI R CT aJ1eA X 12M H X 12«%> 1
)J.on>KeH COCT3BJlHTb 4-5 no WKaJle Ne 2. a AnH cTaneH X6B<D H
113
6X6B3M C 3-4 no WKaJle Nq 3. TBep,nocTb paBHa 59-62 HRC .
Ha pa(SOqeH n08epXHOCTH He J10Jl}KHO OblTb 06e3yrJlep0)KeHHbIX
..
MeCT H yqaCTKOB C nOHH>KeHHOH TBep,nOCTblO.
napaMeTp wepOXOBaTOCTH, MKM, nOBepXHOCTH ,nOJl}l{eH COCTaB'"
JISlTb He oOJlee: ,nnH noca,nOllHoro OTBepCTHH Ra=O,8; lI-J1H npO<pH-
J1H pe3bObl ponHKOB TOqHOCTH 1 Rz=3,2; TOqHOCTH 2 - Rz=6,3;
J\JlH TOPUOB Ra= 1,6; ,nJlH ct,.acoK Rz=6,3.
4.7. PE3bGOHAKATHbiE rOJlOBKH
Pe3b60HaKaTH e rOJlOBKH ,neJlSlTCH Ha Be OCHOBH rpynn :
ronoBKH, paOOTalOInHe C oceBoH nO,ltaqeH pOJlHKOB Ha 3aroToBKY
(3KCHaJIbHble), H rOJlOBKH, p300TalOIltHe C TaHreHUH3J1bHOii no..
.naqeH.
AKcHanbHwe ronOBKH no KOHCTPYKUHH MorYT O Tb pacKpblBa-
I011tHMHCH H HepacKphlB3IOInHMHCH. PaCKpblBaIOInHeCH, B CBOIO oqe..
pe,nb, )leJlHTCSI H3 Bp3In31011tHecH, HeBpamalOlltHecH, YHHBepCaJlbHble
H C perYJlHpyeMblM yrJlOM H3KnOHa pOJIHKOB. B TaOJl. 36 npHBe,ne-
Rbl OCHOBHble 3HHble 3KCHaJlbHhlX ronOBOK.
Ha pHC. 56, a nOKa33Ha pe3booHaKaTHaSi rOJIOBKa BHrH-3,
KOTopaSi COCTOHT H3 XBOCTOBHKa 1, Ha KOTOpOM YCTaHoBJleHbI KOp-
nyc 2 H KOJlbl(O 3, 33KpenJleHHOe Ha Kopnyce KOJlORK3MH 4. MeJK-
JJ.Y KOJIbUOM 3 H KphlWKOH 6 YCTaHOBJIeHbI npOCTaBOqHble BTYJlKH 5
H 3KcueHTpHKOBble OCR 7, pacnOJlO>KeHHble no,n yr.'10M, npR6J1H3H-
TeSlbHO paBHblM yrJlY nOA'beMa HaKaTbIBaeMOH pe3bobI, Ha OCSIX
rOJlOBKH YCTaHOBJleHbI pe3booHaKaTHbIe pOJlHKH, HMelOInHe Ha Ha-
PY»<HOH nOBepXHOCTH KOJlbu.eBbie npO HJlbHble BHTKH. Me}K Y OCH-
MH 7 H pOJlHKaMH 8 pacnOJlO>KeHhI HrOJlbqaThle pO,JIHKH 9,. Ha
3a HeH UHRHH pHqeCKOH cTyrreHH 3KcueHTpHKoBblX oceH pa3Mellte-
HbI mecTepHH 10, KOTopbIe Hax011HTCH B 3anenJleHHH C 3y6qaTblM
BeHUOM XBOCTOBHKa 1.
PacKpblBaIOIltHH MexaHH3M pe3booHaK3THoii rOJlOBKH COCTOHT
H3 ,nBYX nap KOJleHOo6pa3HMx na30B B XBOCTOBHKe 1 H Kopnyce 2,
B KOTOpblX nOMellteHbI naJlbl{bI 12 H ponHKH 13. naJlbUbi 12 YCTa-
HOBJleHbI B oTBepcTHSIx KOJIbu.a 14 Ii Cep11eqHHKa 15, B KOTOpOM
pa3MeIl1eH ynopHblH BHHT 17, 3aKpenJIHeMbIii KOHTpraiiKoH 16.
B MOMeHT pa60Tbl 3arOTOBKa no,naeTCH B 30HY HaKaTbIBaHHH H
npH conpHKocHoBeHHH C ynopHblM BHHTOM 17 nepeMemaeT ero
B.l{OJIb OCH rOJlOBKH BMeCTe C cep,netlHHKOM 15, naJlbu.aMH 12 H po..
JlHKaMH 13 ,no Tex nop, nOKa pOJlHKH 13 He Coii,nYT C npo,nOJlbHOrO
yqaCTKa KOJleHOOOpa3Hblx na30B Ha BHHTOBOH yqaCTOK. B 3TOT
MOMeHT Kopnyc 2 C nOMOmblO npY1KHHhl 11 nOBopallHBaeTCSI OTHO-
CHTenbHO XBOCTOBHK3 1. npH 3TOM pOJlHKH 8, HaX011HCb H3 3KC-
neHTpHKOBhlX OCSIX 7, OTXO.llHT OT OCH ronOBKH, H ee MO>KHO CBO-
6011HO, oe3 CBHHtlHBaHHH BepHYTb B HCXO,AHOe nOnO>KeHHe..
B03BpaT rOJlOBKH B paooqee nOJlO1KeHHe oCYIneCTBJlHeTCH nYTeM
nepeMe eHHH KOnbu.a 14 no HanpaBneHH K nepe,nHeMY TOpl{Y
114
Ta('jJJHI1a 36
fOJlOBKa
Pa3Mepbl pe3b6h1
,l],HaMeTp
War
THn pe3b6b1
Hn-t
Hn-2
Hn-3
Hn-4
HnT-I/2-3/4 "
HnT..l ff
HnT-1 1/4-1 1/2"
HnT..2"
He paClCpbtBalOw,ueCIt 20AOB1CU
4-7 MM 0,7-1 MM
8-16 MM 1-2 MM
18-24 MM 1,5-2 MM
27-33 MM 1-2 MM
1/2"-3/4" 14 HHTOK Ha 1"
I" II HHTOK Ha I"
I 1/4"-1 1/2" 11 HHTOK H3 1"
2" 11 HHTOK H3 I"
MeTpH1JeCKaH
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HrH-3
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8-16 MM 0,75-2 MM
17-27MM J,5-3MM
MeTpH1.feCK3S
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PaCICpblBalOU4ueCR YHuBepcaAbHble 20A08ICU
BHrH-2
BHrH-3
BHrH-4
BHrH-5
BHrH-Tpan. I
BHrH-Tpan. 2
BHrH-Tpan. 3
BHrH-Tpan. 4
BHrT-I/2-3/4"
BHfT-I"
BHrT-1 1/4"-1 1/2" 1
PHrT-I
PHrT-2
PHfT-3
PHrT-4
4-7 MM
8-16 MM
16-27 MM
30-52 MM
22-24 MM
26-34 MM
36-42 MM
16-20 MM
1/2"-3/4"
1"
1/4"-11/2"
3/8" -3/4"
1 "-1 1/2"
2"-3"
3"-4"
0,7-1 MM
0,75-2 MM
1-3 MM
1,5-3 MM
,[10 5 MM
Jlo 6 MM
110 6 MM
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14 HHTOK Ha I"
11 HHTOK Hal"
11 HHTOK Ha I"
14 HHTOK Ha I"
II HHTOK Ha 1"
II HHTOK Ha 1"
11 HHTOK Ha 1"
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YHUBepcaAbHble 20AOBKU C peeYAupyeMblM YZAOM HaICAOHQ, pe3b6bl
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nOMow.blO PYKOHTKH, BBepHYToii B Kopnyc 2.
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nYTeM H3MeHeHHH nOJIO)KeHHH BHYTpeHHero ynopa 17, a J1H3MeT-
pa - nYTeM nOBopoTa KOJIbII.a 3 H KPb{WKH 6 OTHOCHTeJIbHO Kopny-
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a - aKCURJlIJHa B H rl !.3; fj - T3HreHL(HanbHall THrc
116
POJJHKIf K 8KCHaJ]bHblM rOJlOBKaM nOKa3aHbt Ha pHC. 57, a 6, 8.
KOMnJleKT MO>KeT COCTORTb H3 Tpex. pOJtHKOB H ()onee, HMelOlUHX
}{OJlbueUble BHTKH. npOcpHJlb BHTKOB cMeIUeH OJlHH OTHOCHTMbHO
Jtpyroro H3 PIn, rll.e n .- qHCJlO ponHKOB B .KOMnneKTe.
POJlHKH, KaK npaBHJlO, HMelOT 3a6opHYlO qaCTb C Jl.SYX CTOpOH,
liTO n03BOJISler nepeBOpaQHBaTb HX .l1pyroA CTOpOHOA nocJle H3Ha-
(UHBaHHR nepBoA; 3a6opHaH qaCTb ponHKOB MO)Ker 6b1Tb btnOnHe-
Ita KaK c nOJJHblM, TaK H HenonHhlM npocpHJleM pe3bt)bl. PonHKH C
110JJHblM npocpHJleM Jlyqwe 3aXBaTblsalOT 3arOTOBKY B HaqaJlbHblH
MOMeHT HaKaTblBaHHR H 06eCnetfHBalOT MeHblllHe paJ1.HanbHble CHJIbI.
O.l1HaKO OHH MeHee TeXHOJlOrHlIHbl H HMelOT norpeWHOCTh wara H3
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IleCKoA pe3b6b1 - 1.5P.
B HeH He Hap Y>KHorO (D) H C pe.aHero AHa M eTpOB pe3b6h1 tI 6He-
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0,01 MM.
nOrpellJHOCTb wara pe3bObl Me>Kay ABYMH JJl06b1MH HHTK3MH
Ha )tJJHHe 25 MM -- He 60Jlee + 0.01 MM.
TaHreHQHaJlbHble rOJlOBKM 6bIBalOT C CHHXpOHHblM H HeCHHxpOH"
HblM BpaweHHeM pOJlHKOB.
rO OBKH HMe T Ba ponHKa C BHHTOBOH Hape3KOH, Ha"paB e.
Hue KOTOPOH nOJJ>KHO OblTb npOTHBOnOnO>KHO HanpaBJleHHiO HaKa-
TblBaeMoA pe3b6bl. H C tfHCJIOM 38XOAOB, o(jecnellH03lOUlHM paseH-
<:TBO yrnoB rTOJJ-"beM8 BHTKOB Ha ponHKax H 3arOTOBKe. t.{HCJlO 3axo-
1(OB Bb16HpafOT OT lIBYX J10 weCTH B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT wara. OCM
pOJJHKOB napaJtJ1eJJbHhI OCR 3arOTOBKH.
Ha pRC. 56, 6 npHBeJleH8 KOHCTPYKI1.HSI r8HreHUHaJlbHOH pe3b-
oOHaKaTHoH rOJIOBKIi THrC C CHHxpoHH3aUHeA Bpaw.eHHSI H8K8r-
HblX pOJIHKOB. Pe3bt)oH3KaTH8SI rOJlOBKa COCTOHT H3 Kopnyca 1 B
na3ax KOToporo ycr3HooneHhI y,aep>KHOaeMble npH>KHMHhlMH nJ13H.
KaMH /3 H 2 pOJlHKO.l1ep>KaTeJlH 12 H 3, B KOTOpblX H8 TBepJ1o-
t.f
8
11.)
l)
I)
.a - 3KCHsnbKoA:
PRC. 51. POJlHKH K pe3b60HaKaTHblM roJ10BKaM:
6 - c nOJJUWM I1p04JKIIe.M, 8 - C HeflOJlHWW npocl>HJ1eM pe3 W R& 3&-
!SOPHOft qICTH; iJ - 't8KTeUQ.KaJlItBOA
]17
CnJIaBHblX OCJlX 8 YCTaHOBJleHbI pe3booHaKaTHble pOJlHKH 18 C BH8-
TOBOH pe3b6oH. B03HHKalOInee "PH HaK3TbIB3HHH OCeBOe nepeMe-
lI.{eHHe pOJIHKOB BOCnpHHHMaeTCH TBepJlOCnJlaBHblMH BTYJIKaMH 11.
B TOpu.oBbie mnOHOqHble na3bI pe3b60HaK3THblx pOJlHKOB BXO,ltHT
BhIcTynhI 3y6qaTOrO KOJleCa 9 oceBoe nepeMemeHHe KOTOpbIX npe-
oTBpamaeTcSI 6pOH30BblMH BTYJlKaMH 7. OT nOBopoTa H npOAOJlb-
Horo nepeMew.eHHH OCH 8 y.ztep)KHBaIOTCH BHHTaMH 10. Pe3b6oH3-
K3THbIe pOJlHKH CBH3aHbt Me*,ltY COOOH MexaHH3MOM CHHxpoHH3a-
U.HH HX BpaI..neHHH, BKJIlOqalOmHM 3YOQaTbIe KOJleC3 4, 6, 9 H
u.eHTpaJlbHOe KOJleCO 21, YCTaHOBJleHHOe H3 KOMneHcaTope 23, B
na3bl KOToporo BXO,ltHT npY}KHHbl 24. QeHTpanbHoe KOJIeCO C KOM-
neHcaTopoM MO}KeT nocTynaTeJIbHO nepeMew.aTbcH npH BpameHHH
u.eHTpaJlbHOH OCH 25 B pe3booBoM oTBepcTHH onopbI 26. TaKoe ne-
peM.emeHHe BbI3b1BaeT nOBopoT KHHeMaTHQeCKH CBH3aHHblX C HHM
pe3b60HaKaTHblx pOJIHKOB, 6naroJ(8pH qeMY AOCTHraeTCR HX TOIlHaR.
HacTpoHKa no wary HaKaTbIBaeMOH pe3bobI.
HacTpoHKa HHcTpYMeHTa Ha ,ltHaMeTp HaK3TbIBaeMOH pe3bo
npOH3Bo.nHTCH BpallteHHeM BHHTOB 16 H 14 C np3Bon H neBon pe3b-
60H, CBH38HHblX Me}K,L{Y C060R KpecToBHHOH 15. Bpaw.eHHe 3THX
BHHTOB Bbl3b1BaeT paJJ.HaJlbHOe nepeMeIUeHHe pOJlHKOAep1K3TeneH C
pOJlHKaMH, T. e. H3MeHeHHe AHaMeTp3 H3KaTbIBaeMOH pe3bObJ.
HHcTpYMeHT HacTpaHBaeTcH npH OT>KaThIX cTonopHblx BHHTax 17
H raHKax 5.
TaHreHIJ.HaJlbHble pe3booHaKaTHbie rOJIOBKH THfC n03BOJIHIOT
perYJlHpOBaTb KOHYCOOOP33HOCTb oopa6aThiBaeMoH pe3bobI nOAma-
THeM HnH OCJlaOJIeHHeM perYJlHpOBOQHblX BHHTOB 19 C noc eAylO-
meR q>HKcaUHeR nOJIO}KeHHH pOnHKO.l(ep)KaTeJIeR cTonopHblMH BHH-
TaMH 20, YCTaHOBJleHHbIMH c J1BYX CTOpOH pe3b6oHaKaTHoH rOJlOB--
KH - B BepxHeH H HH}RHeff onopHhlx nJlaHKaX 22 H 27.
Ha pHC. 57, 2 npHBeAeHa KOHCTPYKUHH pOJIHKOB. lIIHpHHa pO--
JIHKOB (B) .l(OJI1KHa 6blTb 60JlbWe .l(nHHhl HaKaTblBaeMOH pe3b6b1
H3 BeJJHtIHHY He MeHee o.nHoro mara. npO«j>HJ1b BHTKOB OAHoro,
pOJlHKa CMe eH H3 P/2 OTHOCHTeJlbHO npo<t>HJlH .nPyroro.
Pa3HOCTb HapY)KHNX H cpeAHHX AHaMeTpOB pOJlHKOB B KOMn-
JIeKTe TaK>Ke He .nOJIJKHa npeBhlw8Tb 0,02 MM. ,.QonYCK HapY)KHoro.
,ltHaMeTpa pOJlHKOB Me}l{)1y KOMnJleKTaMH COCTaBJIHeT + 0.1 MM, .no-
nycK .nHaMeTpa noca,nOQHOro oTBepcTHSI - 0,018 MM.
BHeHHe cpeAHero H HapY}l{Horo AHaMeTpOB pe3bObI OTHOCHTe.:1b"
HO nOCa,ltOQHOrO OTBepCTHH - He oOJlee 0,01 MM. KOHycoo6pa3-
HOCTb pe3bobI no cpe,nHeMY .lI.HaMeTpy - He OOJJee + 0,005 MM H3
AJlHHe 25 MM. norpelliHOCTb Illara pe3bObI pOJlHKa Me)K.ny .nB)'MSI
nI06b1MH HHTKaMH Ha ,ltJlHHe 25 MM He .nOJI}KHa npeBhlwaTb
+ 0,01 MM.
BHeHHe TOPUOB OTHOCHTeJlbHO OCH nOC3)10tlHoro OTBepCTHH-
He oOJlee 0,03 MM, Y nOBepxHocTeii npo<pH JI pe3bobl, noca.nOtlHOro
OTBepCTHH H TOPUOB Rz=3,2 MKM.
B KatleCTBe MaTepHa a pO HKOB ,nJlH aKCHanbH X H TaHreH H-
118
3JIbHblX rOJlOBOK HCnOJlb3YIOT CTaJIH TeX )Ke M3pOK C TeMH me oan.
JJOM K3pOHJ1HOH He0,l1HOp0Jl-HOCTH H TBep.nOCTblO, IITO H AJISI POJlH'
KOB K JJ:BYXpOJIHKOBblM HaKaTHblM CT3HKaM.
TBep.nOCTb pOJIHKOB ,nOJI)KHa 6b1Tb: ,ltJI5I llJara pe3bObl o 1,25 MN
59-61 HRC 3 , J1JISI rnara pe3b6b1 CBblwe 1,25 MM 61-63 HRC 3
B OT.neJlbHbIX CJlYQ3HX npH HaKaTbIBaHHH pe3bobI Jla 3arOTOB-
Kax H3 BblcOKOnpOQHbIX MarepHaJIOB rrpHMeHHIOT CTaJIb P6M5.
fJlaBa 5
PE)J(HMbl H3fOTOBJlEHHSI PE3bBbI
H CMA3bIBAIOIl\E-OXJlA)I('ZJ.AlOlQHE
TEXHOJlOrHIJECKHE CPEACTBA
5.1. 4»OPMynbl .nnJ1 OnPEAEnEHH MAWHHHOrO BPEMEHH
B Ta6J1. 37 "pHBeJ\eHbI $OPMYJIbI J1J1H onpe.l{eJleHHH MaIlIHHHO-
fO apeMeHH npH H3rOTOBJleHHH pe3b6b1 pa3JIHtIHbIMH cnocooaMH.
B TaOJI. 37 npHHHTbI CJleJl-YIOInHe YCJIOBHble 0003HatleHHSI:
Lp.x=Lpea+Y - J1J1HHa paooqero XO,l1a, MM;
L pea - J{JlHHa Hape3aeMoH pe3b6hI, MM;
Y - BeJIHtlHHa, YQHTbIBalOll.\3S1 no.l1xo,n, ape33HHe H ne-
peoer, MM;
L H - 1lIHpHHa HHcTpYMeHTa, MM;
d - J{HaMeTp Hape3aeMoH pe3b6bl, MM;
ILJl.OR - HHTepB8J1 Me>K.n.y raHK8MH npH H8pe38HHH raeq..
HblMH MeTQHK3MH, MM;
n tlaCTOTa Bp3meHHH 33rOTOBKH H.nH HHcTpYMeHTa,
M HH-J ;
no - tlaCTOTa Bpa eHHSI 3arOTOBKH HJlH HHcTpYMeHTa
Ha oopaTHoM XOJ1Y (ycKopeHHoM), MHH- I ;
na - qaCTOTa BpameHHH 3arOTOBKH, MHH- 1 ;
n H - qaCTOTa BpaIqeHH5I HHcTpYMeHTa, MHH- 1 ;
n/l. B . X - QHCJIO .l1BOHHbIX X0J10B B MHHYTY;
Sz - nOJl-aqa Ha 3YO <ppe3bI (Ha O HH pe3e ), MM/3YO;
ZH - qHCJIO 3yobeB (pe3I.(OB) HHcTpYMeHTa;
i - qHCJIO pa60QHX XOJ{OB HHcTpYMeHTa;
g - tlHCJIO 3aXO.l{OB H3pe33eMoii pe3b6bI;
m -- tlHCJlO 3arOTOBOK, oopa6aThlBaeMbJX 3a O,ltHH 060-
pOT HaKaTHoro pOJlHKa;
nn - qHCJlO 060pOTOB 3arOTOBKH 3a BpeMH npo<pHJIHPO"
BaHHS( pe3b6bI np" HaKaTb1B3HHH;
t K - BpeMSI K3J1HOpOBaHHH pe3bObI "PH H3K3TblB3HHH,
MHH;
eM - qHCJlO 33X0)10B HHcrpYMeHTa (pOJIHKa);
119
T a (5 JI H U a 37
Cnoco6 06paaOB8HHH pe3b6w
MaWHHHoe BpeMB t M . MHH
Hape38HHe (H3K3TYB3HHe) MeTqHKa-
MH:
MaWHHHYMH
2Lp.x
tN, =
Pn
MaWHHHblMH C YCKopeHHhlM peBepCH-
pOB8HHeM
t M = Lp,x ( -.!.. + 2- )
P n no
L pea + L1I.on
tt( =
raetfHblMH
Pn
Hape3aHHe (HaK8TblB8HHe) aKCH8JIb-
HblMH rOJIOBK3MH:
c peBepCHpOB3HHeM
Lp.x ( I I )
t..=- -+-
P n no
Lpex
t M =
Pn
LPe3 + L H
t M =
Pn
c paCKphlTHeM
H8npoxo):{
T01leHHe:
MHoronpOXO):{Hoe
Lp.x
t M = - ig
Pn
<l>pe3epoBaHHe ctJpe30A:
,l1HCKOBOA
t M =
Lp.xnd
PS ig
(1,2-1,3)nd'
SZZHRH
rpe6eH'IaTOH
t 14 =
llJJIH BaHHe:
MHorOHHTOqQhltd KpyroM (Bpe3Hoe)
(1,5 -I ,8)
t M =
ns
O HOHHTOqHblM HJIH MHorOHHTOqHhlM
KpyroM (npOJlOJJbHoe)
t x =
(1,3 - 1,5) lp.x
f
Pn 3
HaK8TblBaHHe nnaHeT3pHoe
Lp.x1Cd Lp.x
t N = i = f
PSZnHZ H nsP
(KaK npaBHJlO, i = 1)
1
Hape33HHe BHxpeBoe pe3110BhlMH ro-
JlOBK8MH BHeWHero H BHYTpeHHero K8-
C3HHB
t M =
nHm
120
n p 0 )J. 0 JI )K e H H eTa () JI. 37
Cnoco(5 o(Spa30BaHHH pe3b6b1
MaWHRHoe BpeMSI tN MHH
HaKaThlS3HHe nJIOCKHMH nJlaWKaMH
t M =
1
n.cB.X
HaKaTblBaHHe po.nHKaMH:
c pa HanbHoH nO,lJ.aqeH
n
tM. =
6 H
n H -
13
+t K
33TbI.nOBaHHhlMH
L pes + L H
t"" =
D2p
nHPl s -
d2
1
t M =
C OCeBO" nO aqeH
nHm
HaKaTblBBHHe TaHreHIJ.HBJIbHblMH ro.
JIOBKaMH
nn
tM,=-+t K
n 3
83 - qHCJ10 3axo,nOB HaKaTbIBaeMOH pe3bObl;
D 2P - Cpel1HHH J(HaMeTp pe3bOhl ponHKa, MM;
d 2 -Cpel1HHH J(HaMeTp HaKaThlBaeMOH pe3bOhl, MM;
S - CKOpOCTb nOl1aqu cppe3bl, MM!MHH.
5.2. PE)I(HMbI PE3b60HAPE3AH H}1
B OOII(eM BH,Lte BbIOOp pe>KHMOB pe3bOOHape33HHSI CBOJ(HTCH K
onpe,aeJIeHHIO CKOpOCTH pe3aHHH, fJIYOHHbI pe3aHH5I, no,natiH HtiCT-
pyMeHTa OTHOCHTeJ1bHO 3arOTOBKH (UnH 3arOTOBKH OTHOCHTe bHO
HHCTpYMeHTa), IIHCJla paOOQHX XOJ(OB. 3TO CnpaBeJ1JIHBO H J1JIH Ha-
pe33HHH pe3bOW pe3 OM.
.LI.JIH OOJIblUHHCTBa pe3bOOH3pe3HbIX HHCTpYMeHTOB - MeTqH-
KOB, pe3bOOHape3HblX rOnOBOK, KpyrJlhlX n.naweK - rJlYOHH3 pe3a-
HHH H no.aaQa onpe.aeJlHIDTCSI HX KOHCTpYKUHeH H pa3MepOM pe3b-
ow: no,naQa (OCeBaH) IIHcneHHO paBHa lliary Hape3aeMoA pe3bOhl,
rJIYOHHa pe3aHHH onpe.nenHeTCH KOHCTPYKUHeH 3aoopHOH qaCTH.
Pe3boa Hape3aeTCH, KaK npaBHno, 3a O,nHH paOOQHH XOJ(. PaCCQH-
TblBalOT TO bKO CKOpOCTb pe3aHHSI.
npH pe3boocppe3epOB3HHH, BHxpeBOM Hape3aHHH H pe3bOOlliJIH-
cpoBaHHH onpe,neJlHIOT TaK)Ke nOl1aQY H3 060POT (MM/o6) HJlH CKO-
pOCTb nOllallH (MM/MHH), 3 npH cppe3epOBaHHH H BHxpeBOM Hape-
3aHHH - no.aaQy Ha 3YO (MM/3y6).
121
V To M/MHH. npH o6pa6oTKe
T a 6 JI H 11 a 38
ABaMeTp Ha- W 6
pe3aeMoA ar pe3b hi CTaJi H
pe3b6&1 p
l.J.BeTHhiX TepMope-
KOHCTPYK- KOpp 0 3HOHHO- QyrYH8 CnJl8S0B aKTHBHhlX
D.HOHHOA cToAKOA, )l(a- nnaCTM ace
MM ponpo'lHoA
3-6 0,5-1,0 8-5 5-3 6-3 10-6 1-5
8-10 0,5-1,5 12-6 6-4 8-5 12-8 1,5-7
12-16 0.5-2,0 16-8 8-6 10-6 16-10 2-9
18-27 0,75-3,0 18-10 10-7 11-6 18-12 2-12
30-39 1,0-3,0 20-10 12-7 20-14
42-48 1,0-3,0 24-10 24-J5
n p H M e l( a H H e. 60JlbIllHe CKOpOCTH npHHHMaTb )1J1S1 pe3b6 C OOJlbllIHMH
HaMeTpaMH H MeHbIllHMH maraMH.
4aCTOTa BpaweHHH 3arOTOBKH HJIH HHCTpYMeHTa npH pe3b6o-
Hape3aHHH n= 1000 v/('1td), r)le U - CKOpOCTb pe38HHH, M/MHH;
d - .ltHaMeTp Hape3aeMOH pe3b6bI, MM.
CKOpOCTb pe3aHHR npH Hape3aHHH pe3bOW MeTqHKaMH. B Ta6JI.
38 npHBe eHa CKOpOCTb pe3aHHH (UT) "PH o6pa6oTKe pa3RHqH X
MaTepHaJIOB MallIHHHbIMH MeTqHKaMH CO llJJIHcI>oBaHHblM npo<l>HJIeM
H3 CTaJIH P6M5. BbI6paHHYlO CKOpOCTb pe3aHHH KoppeKTHpYIOT C
yqeTOM MeXaHHqeCKHX XapaKTepHCTHK o6pa6aT BaeMoro MaTepHa.
JIa (K t ), TOqHOCTH Hape3aeMOH pe3bObl (K 2 ).
cl>aKTHQeCKaH CKOpOCTb pe3aHHH V = VTKtK2. Onpe.neJIeHHaH
TaKHM 06pa30M CKOpOCTb pe3aHHH HB eTC 6a30BOH H MO eT H3-
MeHHTbCH B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT KOHKpeTHbIX ychOBHH oopa60TKH.
HH}Ke npHBe eHbI 3HaqeHHlI Kt.
06pa6aThlBaeMblA M8repHan
CTaJIb 30, 35, 40, 45:
HOpM3JIH30B3HH3H
B Y JlyqWeHHOM COCTOJlHHH
CTaJIb aBTOMaTHaH
CT3J1b Manoyrnepo KcTaB
CT3nb JIerHpOB3KHaH KOHCTPYKI1HoHHaH:
HOpM3J1H30B3HHaSl
B YJIyqWeHHOM COCTOBHHH
CT3Rb KOpp03HOHHO-cToAKaH
)l(3ponpOQHble CTaJIH H cnnaBbi
)l(apocToHKHe CTaJiH H' cnnaB
qyrYH :
cepblH (6e3 oXJla>K)1eHHH) C HB:
156-229
170-255
] 97-269 .
KOBKHH c H8:
149-163 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
122
K,
1,0
0,85
I, 15
0,75-0,9
0,9
0,7
0,5-0,8
0,25
0,20-0,30
1 ,0
0,1
0,5
I ,5
J10 201
163-229
UBeTHbie cnnaBbI:
6pOH38
JlaTYHb
3JIIOMHHHeBble
TepMopeaKTHBHble nnaCTM8CCbI:
4>eHonnacT, TeKCTOJlHT
CTeKJlOTeKCTOJlHT
1,05
0,75
J ,0
1,2
J ,3
J ,0
0,5
3Ha'tleHHH K 2 npH CTeneHH TOttHOCTH no rOCT 16093-81:
4-K 2 =O,8; 6-K2= 1,0; 8-K 2 = 1,2.
CKOpOCTb pe3aHHH )\JlH rae1.lHblX MeTttHKOB C H30rHYTbJM XBOCTO-
BHKOM npH Hape3aHHH pe3b6 M3-M30 H83HaQalOT 10-35 M/MHH,
a JIH MeTQHKOB C C-06pa3HhlM XBOCTOBHKOM - 40-100 M/MHH.
KOHKpeTHoe 3HatteHHe CKOpOCTH pe38HHH 3aBHCHT OT ycno HH 06-
pa60TKH - MapKH H TBepJ10cTH o6pa6aTbIBaeMoro MaTepH8J1a, pa3-
Mepa pe3b6h1.
npH Hapea8HHH pe3b6hI B raAKax, nonyqeHHbIX XOJlOJ1HOH BbI-
ca,nKoA, H3 CTaJleH 08, 10, 20, 10Kn peKOMeHJ1yeTcSI cJIe.llYIOII.(aSl
CKOpOCTb pe3aHHS1: ,nJlH MeTqHKOB C H30rHYThIM XBOCTOBHKOM -
10-15 M/MHH; .llJlH C-06p8aHblx MeTqHKOB - 40-60 MiMHH
CKOpOCTb pe3aHHA UpH Hape3aHHH pe3h6b1 BHHTope3HWMH ro-
JlOBKaMH C AHCKOBblMH rpe6eHKaMH H KpyrJlblMH nJlaWKaMH.
B T86n. 39 npHBe.lleH 3HaqeHHfl CKOpOCTH peaaHHH (V T ) "PH Ha-
pe3aHHH pe3b6 H8 3arOTOBK8X H3 KOHCTPYK HOHH X CTaJleH BRH-
Tope3HbIMH rOJlOBK3MH. <l>aKTHQeCK8H CKOpOCTb pe3aHHfl v =
=UTKIK2Ka, rJ1e Kl If K 2 BbI6Hpa1OT, KaK J1J1H MaWHHHhIx MeTqH-
KOB; K3 - K03c1><pH HeHT, aaBHCSllU.HH OT yrJIa 386opHoro KOHyca
(q» rpeoeHOK: npH cr-= 10° K 3 = 1,4, npH q>=20° Ka= 1,0, npH
<p=30° K 3 =0,5, np" q>=45° K3=0,25.
npH Hape38HHH pe3b6h1 KpyrJIblMH nJlallJKaMH H3 CTaJIH XBCr
Ha 3arOTOBKax H3 CTanH CKOpOCTb pe3aHHH npHHHMaIDT 4--
6 M/MHH, npH oop860TKe 3arOTOBOK H3 llBeTHbiX CnJIaBOB 8-
15 M/MHH.
T a (j JI H l( a 39
tiT' M/MHH
0,5 0,75 1,0 1,25 1,5 2,0 3,0
3-6 10 9 8 - - -
8-10 12 12 11 II 10 -
12-16 - 16 16 15 14 12 -
18-24 - 28 18 16 15 13 12
27 H (5oJIee --- 20 20 18 16 14 13
.D.HaMeTp Ha
pe3aeMoA
pe3b6&f, MM
123
T a 6 JI H l( a 40
tIHCJ10 pa6o-
'lUX XOAOB
B hlCOT3 npo-
<pHJHI npH pa
601.lHX xO,l1ax
V, M/MHH. npH O'B' Mna
War
Pe3b6a pe3b-
6b1 P, >< >< >(.
MM :zs :a 2 2 0 8
CQ IQ IQ lEI
0 0 0 0 to- t-- c:t'J
= ... :c i-o I T ! !
Q. CJ Q. (,J 0 g £ 0
G) :r:: 4) :s:: It:) 0
::t =' :r ::r r.&> t-- QO
HapY)KHaSi
HapeaaHue Ha pe3b6oToICapHblx nOAyasToMaTax ttepH08blMU
U ftUCT08blMU peS14aMU
1,5 2 2 0,62 0,30 160 142 126
3 3 2 I ,47 0 ,37 1 4 J J 25 11 J
5 4 2 2,63 0,44 124 J 10 98
J07
94
83
BHYTpeHHftH 1 ,5 3 2 0,62 0,30 137 121 108 92
3 4 2 1,47 0,37 113 100 89 76
5 5 2 2,63 0,44 97 86 77 65
Hape3aHue Ha pesb6oTo1CapHblx nOAya8TO.MaTaX 'lUCTOBbiM pe3qoM
HaPY>KHaft I 1.5 - 6 - 0,92 178 I 157 140 120
3 - 10 - J ,84 198 174 155 132
5 - 14 - 3,07 207 )83 )63 139
BHYTpeHHful J .5 - 8 - 0,92 141 125 112 96
3 12 - 1 ,84 147 130 116 99
5 - 18 - 3,07 162 143 127 108
PeJKHMbI pe38HHJI npH Hape3aHHH pe3bOW pe3uaMH. B Ta6J1. 40
npHBe,lteHbl peJKHMbl Hape33HHH MeTpHtJeCKOH pe3bObi HanpoxoA
pe3uaMH C rr aCTHHKaMH "3 TBep OrO Cn aB3 T15K6 Ha 33rOTQB-
KaX H3 KOHCTPYKUHOHHOH yr JIepO HCTOH CTaJIH, pe33HHe - Oe3
OXJI3>K,rteHHH. ,llBHJKeHHe nOn.alIH pe311a - pa.LlH8J1bHOe Bpe38HHe.
npH Bpe3aHHH no yrJIQM napaJIJIeJIbHO O HOH CTOpOHe npO HJIR
CKOpOCTb pe3aHH5I CJIe,llyeT YBeJIHlfHTb Ha 15 %. nOJIe Jl.OnYCK8 Ha-
pe3aeMOH pe3b6bl 6g, 8g, 6H, 7H. npH H3pe33HHH 60JIee TOtIHblX
pe3b6 CJIe.l1yeT .l106aBHTb ,llBa-TpH pa60QHX xO.ll.a.
B Ta6J1. 41 npHBen.eHbI pe>KHMbI ,Hape3aHHH MeTpHQeCKOH H Tpa-
neueHJ{aJlbHOH pe3b6bI HanpoxoJt pe3uaMH H3 CTaJleH P 18, P6M5
Ha 3arOTOBKax H3 KOHCTPYKlJ.HOHHOH yrJIepon.HCTOH CTaJIH. Pe3a-
nHe - C OXJIa}K.l{eHHeM. CKOpOCTb pe3aHHH )1.j)H Ka.JIH6pYIOIUHX pa-
60QHX XO.lI-OB v=4 M/MHH.
B TaOJl. 42 npHBe-neHbI peJKHMbl Hape3aHHR MeTpHIJeCKOH pe3b-
6b1 Hanpoxo-n pe3uaMH H3 TBepAoro CnJl8Ba BK6 Ha 3arOTOBKax H3
ceporo qyrYHa 6e3 OXJIa:>K.LleHHH. none -nonycKa Hape3aeMoH pe3b-
124
Ta6J1Hu.a 41
qHCJIO pa60llHX
XO.nOB
M/MHH. npH 0'.. Mna
War
Pe3b6a pe3b<5b1, .
p. MM >< >::
:zI :zi 0 g 0 c:..
a:I I:Q c- o 0 ,.
0 0 \:;) ,... 1 Ch I
= I- = r I
c:I. CJ : 0 0 <:>
<U : g 0 0
:r' :r <.0 t-- oc -
AfeTpu eCKaR peSboa
HapY}I{HaH
110 2,5
3,0
5,0
5
5
6
3
3
3
]
J
2
39
34
23
30
26
(8
24
21
14
18
16
II
14
12
S
BHYTpeHHHH Llo 2,5 6 4 2 34 26 21 ]6 12
3,0 6 4 2 29 22 )8 )3 10
5,0 8 4 3 23 18 14 J I 8
Tpane4eUaaAbHaR pe3b6a
HapYJKHaR I 4 I 4 15 I 12
8 14 9 5 29 22 18 13 10
10 31 8 5 29 22 18 13 10
16 36 9 8 22 17 13 10 7
BHYTpeHHHH 4 12 8 3 29 22 18 J3 10
8 ]8 10 4 26 20 16 12 9
10 39 10 6 26 20 16 12 9
)6 45 ] J 9 20 15 12 9 7
10
7
2
31
2
20
· IlpH qepHOBbiX H qHeTOBblX pa60tlHX xO)1ax.
T a () JI H 1.1. a 42
Pe3bC)a
lllar pe3b.
C)bI P.MM
4HCIIO pa60llHx
XO)l.OB
M/MHH. npH HB
15 6-229 r
170-265
197-'269
llepHOBbiX J \fHCT 08b1X
HapYJKH8H 2 2 2 47 42 31
3 3 2 54 47 42
5 5 2 57 51 45
BHYTpeHHHH
2
3
5
3
4
5
2
2
2
36
41
45
32
37
40
29
33
36
125
6b1 8g, 7 H. n pH H3 / pe3aHHH 60JIee TOllHOH pe3b6b1 CJle,llyeT .lto6a-
BHTb J1Ba-TpH pa60QHX XO.l{a.
Pe]KHMbI pe3aHHJI "PH cl»pe3epoBaHHH H BHxpeBOM Hape3aHHH
pe3&Obl. nO,llaqy H3 3y6 Sz "PH 4>pe3epoB3HHH rpeOeHQaTblMH 4>pe-
38MH H3 CT8J1eH PI8 H P6M5 BbI6Hp8IOT no Ta6J1. 43. nOJle ,llonyc-
T a 6 JI H 11. a 43
sZ' MM/3yti, npH AHaMeTpe Hape3aeMoA pe3b6h1. MM,
Otipa6aThiBaeMblA Ular He 6o.nee
M8TepHaJl P,MM
30 00 75 120
CTanb, 0'8<800 I 0,03-0,04 0,04-0,05
Mna 2 0,04-0,05 0,05-0,06 0,06-0,07 0,07-0,08
4 0,05-0,06 0,06-0,07 0,07-0,08 0,08-0,09
CTaJlb, 0'8> 800 I 0,02-0,03 0,03-0,04
Mila 2 0,02-0,03 0,03-0,04 0,04-0,05 0,04-0,05
4 0,03-0,04 0,04-0,05 0,05-0,06 0,05-0,06
CephlH qyrYH I 0,05-0,06 0,06-0,07 - -
2 0,06-0,07 0,07 -0,08 0,08-0,09 0,09-0,10
4 0,07 -0,08 0,08-0,09 0,09-0,10 0,10-0,12
KOBKHH qyrYH I 0,04-0,05 0,05-0,06 - -
2 0,05-0,06 0,06-0,07 0,07-0,08 0,08-0,09
4 0,06-0,07 0,07 -0,08 0,08-0,09 0,08-0,09
T a 6 JI H II. a 44
V T , M,'MKH, np" o6pa6oTKe
Ular pe3b6w sZ' MM/3y6
p. MM CTaJiH KOBKoro qyrYHa ceporo qyrYRa
I 0,02 57 - -
0,04 47 51 -
0,06 39 42 -
2 0,03 48 - -
0,05 39 47 -
0,07 32 39 -
0,09 - 32 -
0,10 - - 49
4 0,05 32
0,07 26 31
0,10 22 27 41
0,12 24 37
126
Ka Hape33eMOH pe3b6b1 8g, 7H. npH H3pe33HHH oOJlee TOtJHOK
pe3bObl Sz YMeHbW310T H8 25 °/0 .
CKOpOCTb 4>pe3epoB3HHH H33HaQ31OT no T30JI. 44 H KoppeKTH-
PYIOT C yqeTOM YCJlOBHH o6pa6oTKH.
pe3epoBaHHe 3arOTOBOK H3 CT3J1H H KOBKoro qyrYHa Be eTCR
C OXJI 3}KJl.eH HeM, H3 ceporo qyrYHa - oe3 OXJl3JK,LleHHH. npH Q>pe-
3epOB3HHH BHYTpeHHeii pe3b6bI C P I,5 MM 3HaqeHHe V T H3
T30Jl. 44 YMH01K3IOT H3 0,64, 3 C P=2...2,5 - H3 0,75.
CKOpOCTb pe3aHHH 3arOTOBOK H3 lI.BeTHblX CnJlaBOB (Jl3TYHb,
6pOH33) MO}KeT ObITb YBeJlHqeH3 B 2-2,5 p333 no cp3BHeHHIO co
CKOpOCTblO pe3aHHH 3arOTOBOK H3 CT3J1H.
3KTHqeCK3H CKOpOCTb pe38HHH v=v T K 1 K 2 , r,ne Kl - K03<p H-
UHeHT, YIIHTblBalOIII-HH BJlHHHHe MeX3HHlleCKHX CBOHCTB oop363TbI-
B3eMoro M3TepH3J13; K 2 - K034>Q>HII.HeHT, YQHTblB3IOInHH BJlHSlHHe
JJ.H3MeTp3 <ppe3b1.
3H3qeHHe Kl 3aBHCHT OT M3TepHaJia 3arOTOBKH:
MaTepH8n
KOHCTpY K llHOHH8sr CTaJIb COB, Mna:
600-700.
710-800
810-930
970-1()70
1080-1240
KOBKHU qyrYH c HB:
149-163
,l1o 201
163-229
Cep hlH qyrYH c HB:
143-229
170-255
197-269
K.
I , 15
It °
0,86
0,66
0,49
1,0
0,8
0,65
1,0
0,9
0,8
3H3qeHHe K 2 33BHCHT OT H3MeTp3 pe3bI. L{JlH KOHu.eBoii <ppe3b1
JJ.HaMeTpoM 12 MM K2= 1,0, J{HaMeTpoM 32 MM K 2 =O,95. J!JlSI
HaC3J1HOH 4>pe3b1 Jl.H3MeTpoM 40 MM K 2 =O,9, .llH3MeTpOM 60 MM
1(2= 1,0; Jl.HaMeTpoM 80 MM K 2 = 1,05; Jl.H3MeTpoM 100 MM
K2= 1,1.
PeJKHMbI 4>pe3epoB3HHSI pe3b6bI J1HCKOBbIMH <ppe38MH H3 CT3J1H
P6M5 J1H3MeTpOM 60 MM npHBe eHbI B TaOJl. 45. DOJlblllHe CKOpO-
CTH pe33HHH CJleJl.yeT npHMeHHTb .llJlH pe3b6 C MeHbWHMH W3raMH.
T a «5 JI H 11. a 45
CTanb yrnepoAHCTaB
CTanb nerHposaHH3H
CTeneHb TOqaOCTH pe3b6
S Z' MM/3yti
V, M/MHH
S Z. MM/3y6
V, M/MHH
6-sr
8-JI
0,03
0,06
35-50
0,03
0,06
28 40
127
T a 6 .II H 11 a 46
BHYTpeHHHH pe3b6a I. HapY HaH pe3b6a
War pe3b- v. M/MHH. npH (Js. Mna
6111 p. MM S t' MM/3y6 \ 750 I
550 650 850 550 650 150 850
3 0,4 - - - - - - 209
0,6 - - 155 138 - 194 172
0,8 - 155 134 119 - 194 168 149
J ,0 164 138 120 - 205 173 150" -
1,2 150 127 - - 187 J58 - -
128
115
131
120 106
J 04 92
93
150
159 134
145 123
150
130
116
162
133
115
5
0,4
0,6
0.8
1,0
1,2
120
107
98
102
91
103
95 85
82 73
74
118
126 116
J 14 97
1 J8
103-
92
128
106
91
8
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
1,2
95
85
78
Pe1KHMbl pe3aHHH np" BHxpeBOM Hape3aHHH MeTpHtieCKOH H Tpa-
ne eH.llaJIbHOH pe3b6bl Jl.aHbI B TaOJI. 46.
5.3. PE)I(HMbI PE3b60HAKATblBAHHjI
CKOpOCTblO HaKaTblB8HHH V (M{MHH) pe3b6b1 .aBYMH pOJIHK3MH,
nJlOCKHMH nJlaUJKaMH, POJIHKOM-CerMeHTOM CQHTaeTCSI OKpY)KHaH
CKOpOCTb 3arOTOBKH.
npH .lI.0YXpOJIHKOBOM H8KaTblBaHHH qaCTOTa Bpall1.eHHH pOJIHKOB
(WnHHtleJleH) n= 1000 t'/(:nD 2 ) , f;:le D 2 - CpetlHHH AHaMeTp pe3b-
6hl pon H Ka.
4aCTOTa BpalUeHHH 3arOTOBKH n 3 =kn, r.ae k=D 2 /d 2 - OTHOIlle..
Hue CpeJl.HHX Jl.H3MeTpOB pe3b6bl pOJIHl<a H 3arOTOBKH.
PeKoMeHAyeMble 3HaqeHHH CKOpOCTH HaKaTblBaHHH 21.BYMH POJIH"
KaMH pe3bQbI 6-H CTeneHH TOllHOCTH
O'B Mna <500 500-700 700-900
v. M/MffH 60-90 30-50 15-25
MeHblUHe 3HaqeHHH CKOpOCTH peKoMeHJJ.YIOTcH Jl.JIH pe3b6bI C
warOM P 2 MM. npH HaKaTblBaHHH LlBeTHblX CnJIaSOB peKQMeHJJ.Y-
eTCH v=80...120 M/MHH.
128
T a (5 JI " l( a 4
PaARaJ1bHaR nO,lJ,aqa, MM/o6. npH p. MM
06pa6aTbiBae-
MblH MaTepHaJI 1.0 1,5 2,0 2,,5- 3,0
CTaJ1b c O'B.
Mna:
400 0,045-0,15 0,06-0,17 0,075-0,20 0,08-0,25 0,085-0,26
400-500 0,03-0,10 0,045-0,15 0,045-0,17 0,075-0,23 0,08-0,25
BOJJee 550 0,025-0,09 0,035-0,12 0,055-0,16 0,06-0,20 0,065-0,23
JIaTYHb 0,04-0,17 0,05-0,20 0,06-0,23 0,07 -0,27 0,08-0,30
PeKoMeHayeMye 3HaqeHHR p3aHa bHoA nOaaQH npH HaKaT B3.
HHH .ltBYMH pOJlHKaMH .n3HbI B Ta6JI. 47
CKOpOCTb HaKaTbIBaHHR nJIOCKHMH nJlaWKaMH H3MeHHeTCSI OT
UYJIH AO MaKCHMaJIbHOrO 3HaqeHHH B KOHI1-e pa6otIero xo,na. M3K-
CHMaJIbHaH CKOpOCTb 25--100 MfMHH. CpenHHe 3HaqeHHH CKOpOCTH
H3K8TbIBaHHR CT3JIbHblX 3arOTOBOK CJJeaYIOll(He:
(Ja, Mna
v, M/MHH
<500 500-700 700-900
50-70 25-45 15-25
CnPH HaKaT BaHHH pO HKOM-cerMeHTOM CKOpOCTb HaKaT BaHHR
BbIoHpaeTcSI B npe.l{eJIax 20--80 M/MHH, npHQeM 66JIbllIHe 3HaQeHHSI
peKoMeH.nYIOTCSI AJISI pe3b6b1 C MeHbllI ,nH3MeTpOM H marOM, a
TaK}Ke .nJlSl MaTepHaJlOB C 0 8 <500 Mna.
PeKOMeH.nyeM e 3HaQeHHSI CKOpOCTH HaKaT BaHHH HapY HOH
pe3b6bl aKCH8JIbHblMH HaK8THblMH rOJIOBK8MH ).1aHbl B TaOJ1. 48.
T a 6 JI H 11. a 48
CKOPOCTb HaKaTWBaHH v. M/MHR
MaTepHaJi
MeTpHqeCKOA Tpane eHAanbHoA
pe3b6 pe3b6
l(OHCTpYKl(HOHHble CTaJIH caB, Mna:
Lto 700
.LL 0 900
l(0ppo3HOHHO.cToHKHe CTaJIH
llBeTHble CnJIaBbI
30--90 30
30--60 25
30--50 25
60--90 50
npH HaK8TbIBaHHH BHYTpeHHeH pe3b6bI oeccTpy*e1JHblMH MeT-
qHKaMH CKOpOCTblO H3KaTblBaHHSI HBJIHeTCSI OKpY}I{HaH CKOpOCTb
HHcTpYMeHT8 (3aroTOBKH). B Ta6JI. 49 npHBeaeHbl peKoMeHayeMye
3HaIJeHH51 CKOpOCTH H3KaTblBaHH51 6eccTpYLKetIHbIMH MeT1JHK8MH
(CO)l( - CYJIbq>O<ppe30Jl).
5--715 129
T a 6 JI H U a 49
.lI.HaMeTp
pe3b6h1. MM
U T , M/MHH. npH P, MM
0.2-0,5
0,6-0.75
1,0
1.25
1.5
2,0
1-6
8-10
12-16
18-24
27 H 60Jlee
14
16
18
20
16
18
20
22
24
18
20
22
24
26
22
22
24
28
30
24
28
30
<l>aKTH1JeCKaH CKOpOCTb v =v T K 1 K 2 K 3 , r.lle Kl - K03<p<pHUHeHT,
yqHThlBalOIUHH MeXaHHqeCKHe CBOHCTBa oopa6aTbfBaeMoro MaTepH-
aJIa; K 2 - Ko.9<l><pHLl.HeHT, ytfliTbIBalOIIJ,HH BH.lt oopaoaTbIBaeMoro
MaTepHaJIa; K3 - K03c1><pHlI.HeHT, ytfHTbIBalOInHH BJIH51HHe MapKH
HHCTpYMeHTaJIbHOH CTaJlH.
3HaQeHHSI KI B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT TBep.llOCTH o6pa6aTbiBaeMoro
MaTepHaJla cJleJ1YIOIUHe: "PH HB 30-70 KI = 1,0; "PH HB 70-120
/(.=0,85; I1PH HB 120-156 Kl =0,6.
3HaqeHHSI K 2 B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT o6pa6aTbIBaeMoro MaTepHaJI3
CJIeJ1YIOIUHe: npH o6paooTKe Me.llH K 2 = 1,0, JIaTYHH - K 2 =O,7,
CTaJlH - K2=0,5...0,6, aJlIOMHHHH Hero CnJlaBOB - K 2 = 1,4.
3HaqeHHH K3 B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT MaTepHaJIa MeTqHKOB cJleAY -
IIJ.He: npH P6M5 K 3 = 1,0; npH PI8 K 3 = 1,3; npH P9<I>5 K 3 = 1,7
&.4. CMA301f HO-OXJlA)I(.lI.AIOII(H E
TEXHOnOrHIfECKHE CPE.lI.CTBA
npH 06pa30BaHHH pe3b6bI npHMeHHIOT MaCJlHHble cMa3bIB31OIne-
oxna>KJ1aIOIUHe >KHJ\KOCTH (CO)K) , Bo.nHble 3MYJIbCHH, CHHTeTHQe-
CKHe CO)l( H HHorJ1a nJIaCTH1JHhle CMa30qHbIe M3TepHaJJbI.
MaCJIHHble )KH.nKOCTH 60Jlee 3cpcpeKTHBHbI B KatfeCTBe CMa30tf-
Horo MaTepHaJla, TaK KaK OHH YMeHbllIalOT KOJlHQeCTBO TenJIOTbl,
06pa3YlOIUeeCH "P" pe3aHHH MeTaJIJIa, a BO.llHble 3MYJIbCHH JIyqme
OTBO)1HT YJKe oopa30BaBllIYlOCH TenJIOry H ,neHCTBYIOT, rJIaBHbIM 06-
pa30M, KaK OXJla}K.llaIOIUHe cpe)1.CTBa.
npH HaKaTblBaHHH HapY}KHOH H BHYTpeHHeH pe3b6b1 npe,nnoq-
THTeJlbHee MaCJIHHhle }KHJ1KOCTH.
n pHMeJleHHe CMa301JHO-OXJI aJK,lta IOIIJ,HX TeXHOJIOfHqeCKHX Cpe.ll.CTB
(COTC) o6eCneQHBaeT nOBbIllleHHe CTOHKOCTH pe3b6oo6pa3YI01lI.erO
HHcTpYMeHTa H YJlylJwaeT KaQeCTBO pe3b6bI. 34><I>eKTHBHOCTb COTe
onpe.lleJlSleTC}1 CMa30qHbIMH H OXJIa}K,ltaIOIUHMH CBOHCTBaMH, KOTO-
pble npOSlBJIHIOTCH no-pa3HOMY ,ltJlH pa3JIHtIHhlX oopa6aTbiBaeMbIX
MaTepHaJlOB H pe>KHMOB pe3aHHH HJIH H3KaThIB8HHH.
J30
LlJlSl aBTOMaTHlIeCKHX .rIHHHH,
3rperaTH X CTaHKOB H pyroro
MHOrOHHCTpYMeHT3J1bHOrO 06opy-
IlOBaHHSI npHMeHSIIOT, KaK npaBHJIO,
YHHBepcaJlbHble COTe co CBOMCT-
BaMH, y.noBJleTBOpSlIOII.I.HMH YCJIO-
BHHM pa60ThI OOJlbllJHHCTBa HHCT-
PYMeHToB H He Bcer a onTHMaJIb-
HbIMH JlH pe3b6006pa6aTbiBalOlIle-
ro HHCTpYMeHTa. B nO.l106HbIX
CJ1YlIaSlX, eCJlH B03MOJKHO, npe y-
CMaTpHBalOT aBTOHOMHYIO nO)J.a-
IIY CO)K Ha onepau.HH pe3boo06pa-
60TKH.
npH pe3b6oo6pa30BaHHH CO)K
lIa me Bcero nO)J.3eTCH nYTeM nOJIH-
Ba B 30Hy pe3aHHH CBOOO HO na-
AalOl.IJ.HMH CTPYSlMH. B HeKOTopbIX
CJIYlIaSlX, HanpHMep npM Hape3aHHH
pe3b6bI B TPY Hoo6pa6aTblBaeMbIX
MaTepHaJIaX, CO)l( no alOT no
.n.aBJIeHHeM lIepe3 KaHaJIbI B HHCT-
PYMeHTe (MeTIIHKe), lITO YJlytIrnaeT
YCJIOBHH CMa3h1BaHHH, 06eCnetIHBa-
eT OTBO.n TenJlOTbI, y aJIeHHe CTPY>K-
KH, nOBbIlliaeT CTOHKOCTb HHCTPY-
MeHTa. npH Hape3aHHH MeTqHKaMH
peKoMeH yeTcSI aBJIeHHe Hanop-
HOM CTPYH 1,0-1,5 Mna, HopMa PRC. 58. MycpTa .lI.JUI BHYTpeHHero
nOilalIH CO)l( 5-10 JI/MHH. LlJlH nO;\BO.ll.3 CO)l( K MeTqRKY
nO BO.ll.a CO)l( K BpaII.I.alOI.I.1HMCH
HHCTpYMeHTaM npHMeHJlIOT Cneu.H-
atllbHbIe naTpOHbI HJIH MYCPTbI. Ha pRC. 58 nOKa3aHa My<pTa, COCTOSl-
ll{aSi H3 Kopnyca 1 H pe3HHoBblX ynJIOTHHTeJlbHbIx KOJIe 3. MYcI>TY
HaileBalOT Ha MeT1JHK 4 H <PHKCHPYIOT Ha HeM C nOMOII.I.blO pa3>KHM-
HbIX KOJIe 2, BXO.ll5III.I.HX B KOJlb eBbIe na3bI MeTtIHKa. MeTqHK HMe..
"-
eT KaHaJIbI, nOLlBO SlII.I.He CO)l( HJIH B TOpeU., HJIM B cTpY>Ke4Hhle Ka-
HaBKH.
Ha aBTOMaTHqeCKHX J1HHHHX, arperaTHbIx CT8HKax, CTaHKax c
4ny HHOr.lla npoH3Bo.nHT nO.llatIy CO)l( paCnbIJ1eHHeM B BHJl.e B03-
JJ.YlllHO-)KH.nKOCTHbIX 33p030JIeH. I1pH 3TOM Tpe6yeTcH BblTH}KH3H
BeHTHJlHu.HH, qTO OrpaHHqHBaeT OOJI3CTb npHMeHeHHSI 3Toro cno-
co6a.
nJI3CTHqHble CMa30QHDle MaTepHaJIbI, npHMeHSIeMbIe npH HaKa-
TbIB3HHH BHYTpeHHeM pe3b6b1, HaHOCHTCH, KaK npaBHJIO, KHCTOqKaMH
HJIH TaMnOHaMH nepHo.nHlIecKH, nocJle o6pa60TKH onpe.neJIeHHOrO
QHCJIa 3arOTOBOK.
5":
J
1
131
T a 6.1 II U a 50
COTC
Iii '1aTepUaJl
C 4-5% 3rT
C 3-5% Hr J1.205
c 3-5 °/0 YKpHHOJl-1
c 8 °/0 YKpHHOoll-l
C 4--5% MXQ.60
CYJ1bcpoq,pe30.1
25-30% Cy.J1b<pO<PPC30
a + HH YCTpHa bHoe
Macno (ocTa bHoe)
60% cy..TJbq,oq,pe30JIa +
+ 25 % KepocHHa + 15 %
o eHHOBOH KHC OT
MacJ1a HH!lycTpHa.TJbHLle
o6ll1.ero H33HaqeHHH
5-10 0 / o -H3H o6aBl\a MP-
99 8 HH.J.YCTpHa.,lbHbIC 1ac-
,na OOlUero H33HaqeHHH
20-50°/0 -HaH ,J,ooaBK8
MP-99 B HH)1ycTpnaJIbHlJlE'
M3C.JIa o6lUero Ha3Hatte-
HHH
PCKOMeHJI.YCMblE' onepanu H
H3rorOBneHHH pP3b6w
3JttY/lbCUU
Hape3aHHe MaWHHHbl;\1H
MeT1JIIKa \1H, pe3b6oH ape3-
HbI H rOoll0BKn\IH, pe3boo-
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(no QHcny OTBepCTHA)
4Hcno nOBTopHblX
3aroQeK
M5XO,8, M6Xl
M8XI, M8Xl,25
MIOX1; MIOXl,5; M12Xl,25;
M12X 1,75
M14Xl,5 M22XI,5
7000-8000
10000-12000
8000- ] 0 000
5000-1000
1-2
2-3
CJleJ{yeT TaKLKe OTMeTHTb t liTO CTOHKOCTb MeTqHKOB H rpe6eHOK
H3 6e3BOJlb<ppaMOBblX CTaJIeH npH pa60Te C HH3KOH CKOpOCTblO pe-
3aHHH (.nO 10 M/MHH) H XOpOlliO o6pa6aTbIBaeMblX MaTepHaJlaX
3arOTOBKH B pHAe cJlyqaeB 6JIH3Ka K CToAKOCTH HHCTpYMeHTa H3
CT3JlH P6M5.
npH HanHqHH OnOJIHHTe bHOH ( OBO OqHOH HJlH ynpOqHHID-
men) o6pa6oTKH Ha MeTqHKaX H KpyrJl x rpe6eHKax BBO HTCH
nOnpaBOqHblH K03$$HlI-HeHT KA.o (Ta6J1. 55).
138
T a 6 JI H II. a 55
KJJ..O
.z:tonO.JJlfHTe.JJbHaH o6pa6oTK8
MeTI.IHKOB
rpe<5eHoK
OOKpblTHe HHTpU,lJ.OM THT3H3
HH3KoTeMnepaTYPHblA oTnycK
llH3HHpoB3HHe }KH,lI.KOCTHoe, K3p6oHHT-
pauHR
XpoMHpoBaHHe *
arHHTHo-a6pa3HBHoe nO HpoBaHHe
1,5-3,0
1,5-3,0
1 , I-I ,5
1,1-2,0**
1,2-1,3
1,2-2,0
1,5-3,0
* nOKpblTHe peKoMeH.n.yeTcH J1.J1H o6pa6oTKH aJIIOMHHHeBbiX CnJIaBOB.
* * nOcJIe nOBTopHOH 33TOQKH KJJ..o = 1,0 ... 1,1.
T 3 6 J1 H n 3 56
Pe3b6a
Hapa60TKa
Me)l(,AY OTKa-
3aMH, M
,Z:lonYCTHMoe
'1HCnO nOBTOp-
HblX 3aTO'leK
Pe3b6a
Hapa6oTK8
Me)K.llY OTKa-
3aMH, M
J!onYCTHMoe
I.IHCnO nOBTOp-
HbiX 3aTOQeK
M3XO,5 3,9 2 MIOX1,5 7,4 4
M3,5XO,6 4,5 2 MI2X I ,75 7,6 4
M4XO,7 4,6 2 M16X2,0 7,0 2
M5XO,8 5,7 3 M20X2,5 7,0 3
M6X 1,0 6,3 2 M24X3,0 7,0 3
M8XI,25 6,2 3 M30X3,5 7,0 4
Hapa60TKH Me)KJl.Y OTKa3aMH KpyrJlblx nJIaWeK npHBe.Ll.eHbl B
TaOJl. 56. npHBe eHHble B Ta6J1. 56 3HaqeHH» COOTBeTCTBYIOT CJIe-
)J.YJOIUHM YCJlOBHHM 06pa60TKH: MaTepHaJl 3arOTOBKH -- CTaJIb 45 J
207 HB, nOJle J{onYCK3 6g, MaTepHaJI nJIaWeK - XBCr, v=
-3 M/MHHJ CO)K - 3-5 0 / o -HaH 3MYJlbCHH, KOHCTPYKIJ.HH nJI8-
illeK - no fOCT 9740-71 * C q>=25°
nOnpaBOQHbIH K03<p<I>HI.{He T KH yqHTblBaeT HHcTPYMeHTaJIbHbIH
MaTepHaJl:
CTaJ1b
K H
nOnpaBOQHbIH
(Ta6J1. 57).
.12,9XC XBcr P6M5
0,9 1,0 1,4
K03<1><I>HuHeHT K3 ytIHTbIBaeT MaTepHaJl 3arOTOB-
KH
Ta6J1Hua 57
CTaJlb
napaMeTp
yrJlepO.llHCT811
XpOMHCTaJl
as, Mila
HB
K3
500-600 600-650 670--720 730-180
137-167 170-192 198-212 217-229
1,8 1,35 1,0 0,8
600-650
170-192
0,8
670-720
197-212
0,64
139
T a 6 JI H n a 58
T, MHH, npH .llH8MeTpe 4»pe3b1 D, MM
oapa6aTblBaeM&lft MaTepH8n
40
60
80
itO
CTaJib
qyrYH
90
150
150
210
180
270
240
330
nOrrpaBOqHblH K03ct> HUHeHT Kv ytJHTblBaeT CKOpOC'Tb pe3aHHH:
OTHoweHHe ,lI.eiiCTBHTeJlbHOH CKO.
pOCTH K JJ.onYCTHMOH I ,5 I ,2 1,0 0,8 0,6
Kl' 0,60,9 1,0 1,15 1,3
nOnpaBOqHblH K03Q><I>HUHeHT K ytIHTbIBaeT yrOJ1 q>:
cp, 0 250 30° 45°
K 1 0,86 0,67
3HaqeHHH nepHo,na CTOHKOCTH pe3b60BblX <ppe3 npHBe.l1.eHbI B
Ta OJI. 58.
nOrrpaBOQHbIH K03Q>Q>HUHeHT KHB TaKOH >Ke, KaK ,nJ1H MeTqHKOB
H rpe6eHOK.
6.3. CTORKOCTb PE3b60HAKATHOrO HHCTPYME.HTA
npH orrpeJI.eJIeHHH CTOHKOCTH pOJIHKOB, cerMeHTOB H nJIOCKHX
nJl8rneK CJleJI.yeT yqHTblBaTb, 1ITO He Bce BJIHHJOllI.He Ha Hee Q>aKTO-
pbI nOJJ.ltaJOTCH QeTKOH KOJIHtfeCTBeHHOH OlleHKe. K TaKHM cpaKTO-
paM OTHOCHTCH: TOqHOCTb H }KeCTKOCTb pe3b6oH3KaTHoro 060pyJI.O-
BaHHH; KaqeCTBO H3J1a,nKH HHCTpYMeHTa H OCHaCTKH; TOtIHOCTb reo-
MeTpHtfeCKHX napaMeTpOB 3arOTOBOK (pa3Mep <paCKH, JI.HaMeTp no.l1.
HaKaTKY, npaBHJlbHOCTb <j>OpMbl); TB p,nOCTb HHCTpYMeHTa. A HeKO-
Topble Q>aKTopbl KOJIHqeCTBeHHOH oueHKH He Tpe6YJOT, TaK KaK np"
H8K3TbIBaHHH Bbl6paHbI OnTHMaJIbHbIMH, HanpHMep CKOpOCTb HaKa.
TbIBaHHH, KOTOPYIO H33HaqaJOT B03MO}KHO 60J1ee BbICOl<OH B peKO-
MeH.l1.yeMoM Y3KOM JlHana30He. 3TH <paKTOpbl Ha3bIBaJOT rrOCTOHH-
HbIMH. KaK np3BHJIO, nOCTOHHHble <l>aKTopbl 3aJIOmeHbI B TeXHHQe-
CKHX TpeOOBaHHHX K H3rOTOBnHeMOH ,neraJIH, B 3KCnJIyaTallHoHHOH
JI.OKYMeHTallHH Ha 060PY OBaHHe, B TeXHH1IeCKHX YCJIOBHHX Ha HH-
CTpYMeHT H .l1.pyrHx HopMaTHBHO-TeXHHtleCKHX J{OI<YMeHTax. Tpe6o-
BaHHH K HHM onpeJl.eJIeHbI H ,AOJI1KHbI cTporo BblnOJIHHTbCH. OTK.TIO-
HeHHSI OT 3aJI.aHHblX 3HaqeHHH npHBO.l1.HT, KaK npaBliJlO, K KaTaCTpo-
<pHqeCKOMY H3HOCY, KOTOpblH He xapaKTepH3yeT CTOHKOCTb HaKaT-
Horo HHcrpYMeHTa.
Cy eCTBYJOT TaK}Ke nepeMeHHble q,aKTopbl, KOJ1HQeCTBeHHaH
u
oueHKa KOTOpblX n03Bon eT onpeAenHTb opHeHTHpOBOQHYJO CTOH-
140
KOCTb HHCTpYMeHTa H npe.n:npHHHTb Heo6xo,nHMble Mepbl no ee YBe-
JIHQeHHIO. OnblT 3KCnJ1yaTau,HH pOJ1HKOB, cerMeHTOB H nnaweK B
YCJ10BHHX MaCCOBoro npOH3Bo.n:CTBa ,naeT B03MO}KHOCTb Bbl)teJ1HTb
CJIeJtYlOmHe 06mHe nepeMeHHble cf>aKTOp : MeXaHHtleCKHe CBOHCTBa
MaTepHaJIa 3arOToBOK (npe.lleJI npOllHOCTH, TBepJ10CTb); MapKY CTa-
H HHCTpYMeHTa H cnoco6 06pa30BaHHH pe3b6M Ha HeM; pa3Mep
(,llHa MeTp, lllar) H TOqHOCTb HaKaTbiBaeMOH pe3b6b1; B03MO>KHOCTb
npHMeHeHHH pa3JIHqHblX cnoco60B nOBbIllleHHH CTOHKOCTH. KpOMe
Toro, .llJ1H HHcTpyMeHTa KaLK.llOro BH,na eCTb eme H CBOH cneu,HcpH-
qeCKHe nepeMeHHbIe Q>aKTOpbl.
BnHRHHe Ha CTOHKOCTb HHCTpYMeHTa MeXaHHqeCKHX CBOHCTB
HaKaTbiBaeMoro MaTepHana. B Ta6J1. 59 npHBe.n:eH nOnpaBOQHblH
K03cpcpHUHeHT (KM), xapaKTepH3YIOInHH H3MeHeHHe CTOHKOCTH Ha-
K3THoro HHcTpYMeHTa H3 cranH X12 B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT npe eJ13
npOQHOCTH H TBep.n:ocTH MaTepHa a 3arOTOBKH.
BJlHRHHe Ha CTOHKOCTb HHCTpYMeHTa MapKH HHcTPYMeHTaJlbHOH
CTaJiH H cnocooa oopa30BaHHR pe3bobl. HaKaTbIBaHHe pe3b6b1
xapaKTepH3yeTcH B COKHM AaBJ1eHHeM Ha HaKaTHOH HHcTpYMeHT.
n03TOMY MaTepHanbl, H3 KOTOpbIX OH H3rOTOBJ1eH, )tOJ1}KHbI o6JIa-
,AaTb BblCOKHMH TBepJlOCTblO, npOqHOCTblO, H3HOCOCTOHKOCTblO, ,nOC-
T3T04HOH BH3KOCTblO H nOBblIlleHHOH TenJlOCTOHKOCTblO. HaH60JIb-
rneH CTOHKOCTblO oOJIa.n:aeT pe3b6oHaKaTHoH HHcTpyMeHT H3 CTaJI"
X 12M. HapHlty C 3TOH CTaJIblO HCn0J1b3YIOT TaK)Ke CTaJlH .npyrHx
MapOK, HO, KaK nOKa3blBaeT onbIT J{JIHTeJ1bHOH 3KCnJ1yaTaUHH, noq..
TH Bce OHH YCTynalOT no CTOHKOCTH CTaJIH X12M.
ECJ1H CTOHKOCTb HHcTpYMeHTa H3 CTaJ1H X12M npHHHTb 3a e,nH-
HHU.Y, TO 3HaqeHHH OTHOCHTeJ1bHOH CTOHKOCTH (Kc) HHCTpYMeHTa
83 CTaJlH ,npyrHx MapOK 6YJlYT cne,nYIOIIJ.HMH: JIH X6B<I> - 0,5;
J{JIH X 12q> 1 - 0,8; J{nH 6X4M2<1>C - 0,8. CTOHKOCTb CTaJ1H
6X6B3M<I>C: npH TBep.llOCTH 3arOTOBKH HB 255 Kc= 1,3...1,5, a
np" TBep!lOcTH HB 285 Kc=2. OJ{HaKo 3Ta CTaJ1b HMeeT orpaHH-
qeHHOe npHMeHeHHe BCJ1e,nCTBHe nJIOXO" IIJJIHQ>yeMocTH H BbICOKOH
CTOHMOCTH.
T a 6 J] H U. a 59
M.exaHH1IeCKHe cBoAcTBa Ma 4
TepHana 3arOTOBKH
KM
MeXaHHl.leCKHe CBoftcTBa Ma-
TepHana 3arOTOBKH
KM
HB
I O'B' Mna
HB
J O'B' Mna
103
111
121
131
143
156
170
187
343
363
402
432
481
520
569
627
9,0
6,6
5,4
4,3
3,6
3,0
2,0
1.5
207
229
241
255
269
285
321
363
687
765
798
853
900
951
1069
1206
1.0
0,83
0.62
0.55
0,42
0,27
0,10
0,05
14
Ha CTOHKOCTb HHCTpYMeHTa BJIH5IeT TaK)Ke cnoco6 apMHpOB3"
HHSI pe3bOOBorO npO<j>HJIH H3 HeM. EOJIbWeH CTOHKOCTblO H H3,lleLK-
HOCTblO 06J13):{aeT HHCTpYMeHT co lliJIH<pOBaHHOH pe3b60H OJIarOAapSi
BblCOKOH reOMeTpHtIeCKOH TOllHOCTH npO<pHJIH. ECJIH ero CTOH-
KOCTb npHHHTb 33 e,ltHHHQY, TO OTHOCHTeJIbH3H CTOHKOCTb HHCTPY-
MeHTa C HaKaT3HHbIM npo<pHJleM Kq,= 0,7, a HHcTpYMeHT C <ppe3e-
pOB3HHblM npo<pHJIeM Kq,=O,5.
BJlHAHHe Ha CTOHKOCT& HHcTpYMeHTa pa3Mepa pe3&Obl. Ha CTOH-
KOCTb HHcTPYMeHTa BJlHHIOT TPH napaMeTpa: )1.HaMeTp, lll3r H TOIl-
HOCTb HaKaTbIBaeMoH pe3b6bI.
nOnpaBOllHbIH K03<p<pH HeHT KT YIlHTbIBaeT TOIIHOCTb HaKaTbI-
BaeMoH pe3b6bI:
none .IJ,OnYCK8 pe3b6h1
K T
1 0
0 65-0 70
0,65
0 75
6g; 8g .
4h; 4h6h
2m .
3n; 3p
YBeJIHqeHHe )tHaMeTpa H wara HaKaTbIBaeMoH pe3bObI IIPHBO"
AHT K CHH}I{eHHIO CTOHKOCTH HaKaTHoro HHcTpYMeHTa. TaK, YBeJlH-
qeHHe ,ltHaMeTpa Ha Ka}l{ b1e 2 MM npH O):{HOM H TOM >Ke ware
CHH}I{aeT CTOHKOCTb Ha 10-15 % .
CTOHKOCTb HHcTpyMeHTa npH O):{HOM H TOM )Ke era )1.HaMeTpc
3aBHCHT OT wara pe3b6bI (33 e.nHHH Y npHHHTa CTOHKOCTb npH
p= 1,5 MM):
P, MM 0 35 0,5 0,75 1,0 1,25
OTHOCHTeJIb-
H3ft cToA-
KOCTb 1,65-1,70 1 ,55-1 60 1,45-1,50 1,25-1,30 1,05-1,10
P, MM 1,5 1,75 2,0 2,,5 3,0
OTHOCHTeJIb-
H3ft CTOH-
KOCTb 1,0 0,8-0,85 0,7-0,75 0,6-0,65 0,5-0,55
KOMnJIeKCHOe BJlHjJHHe ,ltHaMeTpa H lUar3 HaKaTbIB3eMoH pe3b-
6b1 Ha CTOHKOCTb HaKaTHoro HHcTpYMeHTa pa3JIHIlHblX BH):{OB YllH-
TbIBaeT 6a30BaH CTOHKOCTb (r T ).
Onpe)l.eneHHe CTOHKOCTH. 3HalleHHH 6a30BoH CTOHKOCTH (TT)
pOJIHKOB ,ltJlH nJlaHeTapHblx CTaHKOB npHBe)1.eHbI B Ta6J1. 60.
npHBe):{eHHbIe B Ta6J1. 60 3HalleHHH cooTBeTcTBYIOT onpe):{eJleH-
HbIM YCJlOBHSlM: TBep,ltOCTb 3arOTOBOK 207 HB; MaTepHaJi POJlH-
KOB - CTaJIb X12M TBep,ltOCTblO 59-62 HRC 3 H C OaJlJlOM Kap6H):{-
HOH HeO.ltHopO.ltHOCTH He 60Jlee 5; pe3b6a Ha pOJlHKaX - lllJlH<j>O-
BaHHaSl; pOJlHKH - O,llHOCTOpoHHHe ():{JlHHa HaKaTblBaeMOH pe3b6bI
YKJla):{bIBaeTcSI no BbICOTe pOJlHKa O):{HH pa3); 3a O,llHH 060POT po-
JlHKa IIo aIOTCSl )tBe 3arOTOKH; nOJIe t{onYCKa H3K3TblB3eMOH pe3h-
Obi - 6g; OXJIaiKJ\eHHe - MaCJIO HH):{YCTpH3J1bHoe; pe3b6a M3-M6
142
T a (5 JJ H U a 60
HO:'>tHHanb- Hapa60TKa JI.O OTKa38 TT' TblC. 3arOTOBOK, npH ware pe3b6b1 P, MM
It bl it JI.Ha- J
M eTp pe3b- 0,35 0,5 0,7 0.8 1,0 1,2a 1,5 1,75 2,0 2r 5
6bJ, M M
3 305 290 - - - - - - -
4 - 265 255 - - - -
5 - 250 - 235 - - -
6 - 235 - - 190 - -
8 - 290 - - 240 185 - - - -
9 - ZlO - 225 - - - - -
10 - 255 - - 210 160 150 - - -
11 - - - 190 150 140 - -
12 - - 180 140 130 105 - -
14 - - - - 260 - 185 - 130 -
16 - - - - 230 165 - 120 -
18 - - - - 210 - 150 - 110 75
20 - - - - 190 - 135 - 100 65
22 - - - - 170 120 -- 90 -
HaKaT BaeTCH Ha CTaHKax C MaKCHManbHWM AHaMeTpOM ponHKa
180 MM; M8-M12 - C MaKCHMaJJbHblM HaMeTpOM 255 MM, M14-
M22 - C MaKCHMaJIbHbIM ,l{H3MeTpOM 320 MM.
Onpe,neneHHylO no Ta6JI. 60 CTOHKOCTb pOJIHKa Heo6xoAHMO
cKoppeKTHpoBaTb C yqeTOM BnHHHHH nepeMeHHblx <t>aKTopoB, B TOM
4Hcne H npHCYll\HX TO bKO nn3HeTapHOMY HaKaT BaHH , a 3aTeM
onpe,nenHTb CTOHKOCTb pa60TalOll1.ero B nape C HHM cerMeHTa. 1Be-
JIHqeHHe ,nHaMeTpa HaKaTHoro HHcTpYMeHTa npH OJJ.HOM H TOM )Ke
pa3Mepe HaKaT BaeMO pe3b6 npHBOAHT K YBenHqeHHID ero
CTOHKOCTH.
Ha pne. 60 nOKa3aHa cxeM3 H3H3WHBaHHSI. Ha nJlaHeTapHbIX
pe3b6oHaKaTHblx CTaHI<ax C 120-rpaAycHbIM cerMeHTOM I.J.eHTpaJlb.
HblH yroJI OAHOA pa6oIJe 30HbI ponHKa COCTaBnHeT npHMepHo 100-
II-0°, a cerMeHTa - 90-100° Pa3Mepbl H pacnOJIO)KeHHe 3THX 30H
ooycnoBneHbI YCJIOBHHMH HanaAKH cerMeHTa, npH KOTOpblX Heo6xo.
HMO 06eCneIJHTb yqaCTOK 3aXBaTa 2 3arOTOBKH Ha yqaCTOK c6po-
ca 1 AeTanH. 3TH yqaCTKH Ha cerMeHTe nOtITH He H3HaIIIHBaIOTCH.
n03TOMY C YBenHIJeHHeM JJ.HaMeTpa HaKaTHoro HHCTpYMeHTa YBenH-
f.{HB3eTCH npH Tex }l{e l..{eHTpaJlbHbIX yrnax llnHHa pa60tIHX 30H, H.
cneJJ.OBaTenbHO, "PH O,nHOM H TOM }l{e JJ.HaMeTpe HaKaThlBaeMO pe3b-
6bI YMeHbwaeTCSI AaBneHHe H B03paCTaeT CTO KOCTb. 3TOT <t>aKTOp
TaKJKe YQTeH B 6a30BOH CTOHKOCTH (TT).
Ha CTOHKOCTb OK33h1BaeT BJ1HSlHHe H tJHCno 3arOTOBOK, H3Karbl-
143
o
If)
ll)
PHC. 60. CxeMa H3HaWHBaHHSI POJIHKOB-CerMeHTOB:
a - npH m=2; 6 - npH m=4 H m=8
BaeMblX 3a O,llHH 060POT pOJIHKa. Ha nJlaHeTapHbIX CTaHKaX npe-
4YCMaTpHBaeTCH HaKaTWBaHHe ABYX H 60Jlee 3arOTOBOK 3a OAHH
060POT (m=2...20). npH .fn=2 (pHC. 60, a) pOJlHK HMeeT ABe
pa60llHe 30HbI. npH .m 4 no Mepe BpameHHH pOJlHKa 30Hbl H3HO-
ca pa60tIHX nOBepxHocTeH nepeKpblBalOT JI.pyr 4pyra TeM HHTeH-
CHBHee, lIeM 60JlbllIe m (pHC. 60, 6). nepeKpbITHe 30H H3Hoca
cnoco6cTByeT 60Jlee paBHoMepHoMY HCIIOJIb30BaHHIO pa60QeH nOBepx-
HOCTH pOJlHKa H, CJle)J.OBaTe.1JbHO, nOBbllUeHHIO ero CTOHKOCTH. 3Ha-
qeHHSI nonpaBoIIHoro 'KO.9cp HUHeHTa B 3aBHCHMOC1'H OT IIHCJIa 3aro-
TOBOK, HaKaTbIBaeMbIX 3a 04HH OOOpOT pOJIHKa, cJIeJI.YIOII1-He:
m 2 4 >4
K3 1,0 1,5 1,6-2,2
C ytIeTOM nepellHCJleHHbIX BbIllie cpaKTopOB )J.JIH nJlaHeTapHoro
HaKaTblBaHHH MO>KHO onpeAeJlHTb CTOHKOCTb pOJlHKOB (TbIC. 3aro-
TOBOK): Tp=TTKMKcK,pK a "
CTOHKOCTH pOJIHKa H paOOTalOIII.erO B IIape C HHM cerMeHTa
CBH3aHbl onpeAeJIeHHblM COOTHOllleHHeM. CerMeHT paOOTaeT B 60-
JIee TSI)KeJIblX YCJIOBHHX, qeM pOJl HK. 3TO 06ycJlOBJleHo nOIlTH Tpoe-
KpaTHoH )J.JIH cerMeHTa C yrJloM 120 0 pa3HocTblO B AJIHHe pa60lleii
nOBepxHocTH, BCJIe)J.CTBHe lIero cerMeHT HMe T TOJlbKO OJI.HY pa6o-
qylO 30HY He3aBHCHMO OT qHCJla m 3arOTOBOK, HaKaTblBaeMblX 3a
060POT pOJIHKa. CTOHKOCTb cerMeHTa TeOpeTHtIeCKH npHl\tepHo COOT-
BeTcTByeT CTOHKOCTH O.nHOH pa60IJeH 30HbI pOJIHKa. CJle,l{OB3TeJIbHO,
YBeJlHlleHHe m, npHBoAHmee, KaK 6b1JIO CKa3aHO Bhlllle, K 803-
paCTaHHIO CTOHKOCTH pOJlHK3, COOTBeTCTBeHHO YBeJIHIIHBaeT H COOT.
HOllleHHe CTOHKOCTeii pOJIHKa H cerMeHTa (Kp.c). OpH 3TOM CTOH-
144
Ta6J1Hua 61
HOMHHaJIb-
HblM )I.Ha-
MeTp pe3b-
6&1, MM
Hapa60TKa )I.O OTKa38 T T. TblC. 3arOTOBOK. npH ware pe3bt)bl P, MM
1,0
1.25
1,5
1,75
2.0
2.5
.J,O
6 130
8 115 90
10 100 82 75
12 87 74 67 53
14 65 60 42
16 54 38
18 48 34 30
20 44 30 27
22 40 28 25
24 36 25 20
27 30 21 17
30 24 18 14
KOCTb CerMeHTa npaKTHlleCKH He MeH eTCH HJIH MOLKeT He3HaqH-
Te bHO CHHmaTbCH Bcne CTBHe He6naronpHHTHoro B HHHHH nHKa
H3Hoca paOOqHX nOBepXHOCTeH pO HKa. TaKHM oopa30M, Tc==
= Tp/Kp.ce
3HaqeHHH Kp.c B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT qHCJla m 3arOTOBOK (Kp.c no-
Ka3bIBaeT, BO CKOJlbKO pa3 CTOHKOCTb pOJlHKa BbllUe CTOHKOCTH cer-
MeHTa) :
m
Kp.c
2
1,7
4
2,5
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3,0-3,2
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CTaHKOB, pa6oTalOlUHx C pa.n.HaJJbHOH no.n.aqeH, npHBe,IJ.eHa B TaOJl.
61.
n pHBe.n.eHHble B TaOJI. 61 3Ha IJeHHH CTOHKOCTH cOOTBeTCTBYIOT
CJIe.llYIOIII.HM YC OBHHM: TBep.ll.OCTb HaKaTblBaeMblX 3arOTOBOK
207 HB; MaTepHaJl pOJlHKOB - CTaJlb X12M TBepJ10CTblO 59-62
HRC 3 H C 6aJlnOM Kap6H HoH HeOJ1HOpo.n.HOCTH He 60JIee 5; pe3boa
Ha pOJlHKaX mnH<poBaHHaH; pOJIHKH O.l1HOCTOpOHHHe; nOJIe ,l{OnYCKa
HaKaTblBaeMOH pe3b6bI - 6g; OXJI3mJ1eHHe - MaCJIO HH.llYCTpHaJlb-
Hoe; J1HaMeTp pOJIHKOB - 150 MM.
K034>ct>HUHeHT K1J, YlIHTbIB3eT H3MeHeHHe CTOHKOCTH pOJIHKOB B
3aBHCHMOCTH OT HX .lI.HaMeTpa:
d p , MM 100 150 200 250
K A 0,7 1,0 1,3 1,6
OpHeHTHpOBOqHYIO CTOHKOCTb (TblC. 3arOTOBOK) pOJIHKOB ,n,JI
LlBYXpOJIHKOBbIX cTaHKoB, pa60T31OllI.HX C paJI.HaJIbHOH nO,IJ.aqeH,
MO>KHO onpeJ1eJIHTb no <POPMY JIe T p= T TKMKcKftlKTKJ1.. Ba30Basr
CTOHKOCTb nJlOCKHX nJIallieK npHBe.lleHa B Ta6JI. 62.
I4E
T a 6 J1 H l{ a 62
HOMHHaJlb-
HhiA AHa.
Me1'p pe3b-
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Hapa60TKa llO OTKa3a T T' TbiC. 3arOToBOK, npH ware pe3b()bI p.' M M
0..8
1,0
1,25
1,5
1,75
2,0
2,5
5 175
6 150
8 140 120
1'0 125 105 97
12 88 70
.14 80 56
16 72 50
18 65 45 39
20 58 40 35
22 52 36 31
24 46 32
n pHBeJI.eHHble B Ta6J1. 62 3HaQeHHSI CTOHKOCTH nJIOCKHX nJIallieK
COOTBeTCTBYIOT CJle,ltYIOJ..UHM YCJIOBHHM: TBep.ll.OCTb 3arOTOBOK
207 HB; M8TepHaJI nJI3111eK - CTaJlb X12M TBepJI.OCTb1O 58-61
HRC 3 H C OaJlJlOM KapOH,ltHOH HeO,ltHOpO.l1HOCTH He 60JIee 5; pe3b6a
Ha nJl3111KaX llIJIHtPoB8HHaSl; nJIalIIKH O.l1HOCTOpoHHHe; nOJIe .lI.onyc-
Ka pe3b6b1 - 6g; CO)l( - MaCJIO HHJI.ycTpHaJlbHOe; HaCeqeK, YMeHb-
lllalOllI.HX npOCK3JIb3blB3HHe 33rOTOBKH, Ha 3a6opHoH 'IaCTH BeT.
npHMeHeHHe nOnepe1JHbIX H3cetJeK H3 3a6opHOH qaCTH nJI31l1eK,
YMeHbwalOLUHX npOCK8J1b3b1BaHHe 3arOTOBOK B npou.ecce H3KaTbI-
BaHHH, Jt3eT YBeJlHtJeHHe CTOHKOCTH Ha 20-30% (KH=I,2,...,1,3).
OpHeHTHpOBOtIHaSi CTOHKOCTb (TbIC. 3aroToBoK) nJlOCKHX nJIa-
llleK MO>KHO OnpeLleJIHTb no Q>opMYJIe Tp=TTKMKcK KTKH.
3H3tJeHHSI 0330B08 CTOHKOCTH pOJIHKOB T3HreHUH8J1bHbIX rOJIO-
BOK npHBe.ll.eHbl B Ta6JI. 63.
npHBeJJ.eHHbIe B Ta6JI. 63 3HaqeHHH cooTBeTcTBylOT CJIe.nYlOlllHM
YCJIOBHSlM: TBep,nocTb HaK8TblB3eMblX 3arOTOBOK 207 HB; MaTepH-
T a 6 JI H U a 63
H
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Hapa60TKa llO OTKaJa T T' TblC. 3arOTOBOK, npH ware pe3b6bl P, MM
OMHHaJlbHblA
HaMe-rp pe3b-
6131, MM 1,25 1,5 1,75 2 2,5
6 100 - -
8 80 70 - - - -
10 70 60 50 - - -
12 - 50 - 40 - -
14 - - 30 - 20 -
18 - - 20 - 10
24 - 15 - - -
--a
146
a.J1 pOJlHKOB - CTaJlb Xl 2M TBep,ltoCTblO 59-61 HRC a ; pe3b6a Ha
pOJlHK3X WJlH<P0B3HH3S1; nOJIe onycK3 H8K3ThlB3eMoH pe3b6b1-
6g; H3KaTHaSl r0J10BKa - 6e3 CHHXpOHH33U.HH Bp3Il.{eHHSI.
OpHeHTHpOBOQHYIO CTOHKOCTb (TblC. 33roToBoK) pOJIHKOB MO>KHO
onpe,aeJlHTb no cpopMYJIe Tp=TTKMKc.
DpH npHMeHeHHH T3HreHIJ;HaJIbHblX rOJlOBOK C CHHXpOHHhlM Bpa-
meHHeM CTOHKOCTb pOJlHKOB nOBbllll3eTCSI H3 30-50 % .
3H3qeHHH 6330BOH CTOHKOCTH ponHKoB aKCHanbHYX ronOBOK
npHBeJ{eHbI B Ta6J1. 64.
npHBe,lteHH e B T86JI. 64 3H3QeHHSI CTOHKOCTH pOJIHKOB aKCH-
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M3TepH8J1a 3arOTOBKH 207 HB; M3TepH3JI HHcTpYMeHTa - CTaJlb
Xl 2M TBepJ{ocTblO 59-62 HRC a H C 63J1J10M K3p6H,ltHOH Heo,nHO-
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v=60 M/MHH; CO>K-3-5 0 / 0 -H3H 3MYJIbCHSI; rOJIOBKH-THoa
BHrH C TpeMH pOJIHK3MH, pOJIHKH O,nHOCTopOHHHe H HMelOT )1Be
HHTKH Ha 336opHOM KOHyce; coaCOD H3K8TbIB8HHH - C p3CKpbITHeM
rOJIOBKH; pe3b63 M6 H3K3TblB3eTCH rOJlOBKOH BHfH-2, M8-
M16-BHfH-3, M18-M27-BHrH-4, M30-M52-BHfH-5.
CTOHKOCTb pOJIHKOB B 3H3'lHTeJIbHOH CTeneHH 33BHCHT OT cxeMbI
H8K3TblBaHHSI. npH H3K3TblBaHHH H30pOXOJ{ CTOHKOCTb pOJlHKOB )10
2 p83 Bblwe, T3K K3K B p360Te YQaCTByeT He TOJIbKO 336opHaH, HO
H K3JIH6PYIOIIl3H 1JaCTb pOJIHKOB
npH YBeJlH1JeHHH 1JHCJl8 pOJlHKOB B r0J10BKe C Tpex O 1.IeTbipeX
CTOHKOCTb nOBbllllaeTCH H3 25 % .
nYTH nOBhlWeHHJI CTOHKOCTH pe3booHaKaTHoro HHcTPYMeHTa.
CTOHKOCTb pe3b60H3KaTHoro HHcTpYMeHT3 M01KeT 6b1Tb 3H3tJHTeJlb-
HO nOBblweH3 nYTeM KOHCTPYKTHBHbIX ycoBepllleHcTBoB3HHH, npH-
v v v
MeHeHHSI H3HOCOCTOHKHX nOKpblTHH, a TaK}Ke XHMHKo-TepMH1JeCKOH
H ynpotJHSllOll.{eH 06P360TKH pa3J1H1JHblX BHJ{OB.
T a 6 11 H It a 64
HOMHHaJib.
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M
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6h1. MM
6 2000 - - - - - - -
8 - 1800 - - - - - -
10 - - 1500 -- - - - - -
12 - - 1200 1000 - - - -
14 - - 1000 - 800 - - -
18 - - 1000 - - 800 - -
24 - - 800 - - - 600 -
36 - - 1000 ....- - - - 800
52 - - 800 - - - - -
O HHM H3 cnOC060B YBenH4eHHH CToAKOCTH HHCrpYMeHTa HBnH-
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cerMeHTOB H O 4eTbIpex - SI nJlOCKHX nJIaWeK. O)tHaKO npHMe-
HeHHe 3Toro cnoco6a orpaHHlIeHO .anHHOH HaK3TbIBaeMOH pe3b6bI H
B03MO>KHOCTHMH pe3b6oHaKaTHoro 060pY OB3HHH.
npHMeHeHHeM CTPYHHOH a6p33HBHOH 06pa6oTKH TaK e OCTH-
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eTCH ynpollHHIOIUeH H 06eCnellHBaeT CHHTHe OCTaTOllHbIX Hanpfl>Ke-
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:>KHBaeTCH CMa301lHaSi }l{H KOCTb. 06pa60TKa OCYIl{eCTBnHeTCH a6-
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)).yxa Ha 06pa6aTbIBaeMYlO nOBepXHOCTb. Pa601laH CMeCb COCTOHT
H3 K3p6H.l{a KpeMHHSI, Kap6H.aa 6opa, 3JIeKTpOKopYH.l{a H aHTHKOp-
p03HOHHblX Jl.OOaBOK.
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30% BMeCTO 06bI4HbIX 10 % ), WJIH<t>oBaHHH nOBepxHocTH pe3b6b1
H .npyrHx nOBepxHocTeH 3nb60poBbIMH KpyraMH, a T3K e HH3KO-
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KaTblBaHHH pe3bObi.
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B Ta6n. 65 J].aHa TeXHHqeCKaH xapaKTepHCTHKa CT3HKOB .l1JIH
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4 HeJIO nepbeB 3-4 3-4 3-10 3-16 3-8
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CKYIO pe3116y. PeKOMeHJ1yeMble J1HaMeTpbl oTsepcTlui nOll Hape3a-
nHe Tpy6HOH ltHJJHH,llpH'ieCKOH pe3b6b1 no rOCT 6357-81 tlaHbI B
rOCT 21348-75.
Pa3Mepbl oT8epcTHH no.a Hape33HHe Tpy6HOH KOHHl.leCKOH Pe3b-
6 no rOCT 6211-81 .llaHbI B fOCT 2135(}-75. OTBepcTHH MO-
rYT BblnOJlHHTbCJI B J1.8YX BapHaHT3x: 6e3 pa3BepTblBaHuSi Ha KO-
HYC (UH"TJHHJl.pHlJeCKHe) H C pa3BepTblBaHHeM H3 KOHYC.
OT.ep TMA nOA KON.qecKY pe3b6y BeHTHneM H 6a oHoB A A
ra30B no rOCT 9909-81. LlHaMeTpbl oTBepcTHK (pHC. 67, 8) npH"
Be eH B TatL1J. 74.
T a 6 J] Ii J1 a 73
Illar pesL6111,
p. ..y
,l1onyc1C .AHa. War pe3b6w
MeTp3 oTaep- P. )I "f
cnu,. MMI
l10nYCK .a.Ma- 1 War PC3h6b1
.\t CTp a Of aep - P M t.t
CTHSI.. MM ·
D.onynr Alia.
NeTpa omep.
CTJU' . M to(
1,5 +0,140 9 1 0 +0,670 24 O +1
2.0 +0.236 10,0 +0,710 28,0 +1
3.0 +0,315 12,0 + 0,800 32.0 +1
4,0 +0,375 14,0 +0.900 '36,0 +1
5,0 +0.450 16,0 + I tOOO 40,0 1
6,0 +0.500 ]8.0 + I, 120 44,0 +2
7.0 +0.560 20,0 + 1 ,180 48,0 +2
8.0 +0,630 22,0 + 1,250 -
.320
.500
,600
.800
.900
OOO
.120
165
T a 6 JZ H n a 74
,QH3 Mt!TI) OT IICpCTl-UI d[)' fI4 M, 8 ocnOBliuR
n.rzoc K OC TM
HOM HlIanbHbtA .nKa-
M I:Tp peJL6b1, M,.,.
W lr Pt MM
HOM HKaJ1bKU JHa-
q eH H e
Or ICJlOK CUlt e
19,2
27,8
30.3
1.8 J 4
16.82
25,42
27 .92
+0.1
CTep>KHH nOA MeTpHlieCKYIO pe3..6y c npotHJleM no rOCY
9150-81 H .Q.onycKaMH no fOCT 16093-81. npM Bbl60pe HaMeT-
pa CTep>KfUI no,n MeTpH'IecKYIO pe3b6y ,ltJlSl xpynKHx H Manonna-
CTI{l{UblX MaTepHanoB MOH<HO HCnOJIb30BaTb npe..l1eJJbHble 3H8qeHHH
HapY>KHOrO J1HaMeTpa pe3b6b1 (d) no rOCT 16093-81. TOr.11.3
d d- es
c1' - -ei-
n pH 06 pa 60TKe 06 bI1I H hi X KOHCTp Y Kl1.HOH H bI X M a Tep H aJ10B. Jl.RH
KOTOpblX xapaKTepHo HOpM3J1bHOe BcnYlIHs8HHe BHTKOB pe3b6b1
A = (0,03 ... 0,04) Pt ltHaMerp CTep>KHH MOIKHO BbtOHpaTb no rOCT
19258 73.
0.l1118KO AonycKu Ha dr.T no rOCT 19258-73 MeHbwe ,nonycKoB
Ha d no rOCT 16093 81. (jTO BO MHorHX c.ayqa x YC..TJO>KHHeT nOli"
rOToBKY oBepxHocTH no,l1 pe3b6y, TaK KaK Tpe6YIOTcj{ AOnOJJHH-
Tea bHble Onepau.HH. Q10 He BCer.l{3 npHeMJJeMO, oco6eHHO B YCJlO-
BHHX MaCCOBoro npOH3BOJl.CTsa. B CBH3H C 3THM Heo6xoJ.!HMO 60Jlee
TO\{HO Y'IHTblBaTb BcnY4HBaHHe " COOTBeTCTBeHHO cMelUaTb no.ne
}10nycKa Ha d CT + Oco6eHHO TO aB>KHO D..f)H MaTepHa.nOB nOBblWCH.
HOH BH3KOCTU. 3H31)eHHSI BcnytlHBaHHH (A) .a.'1B HUX npHBeJleHbI B
rOCT 19258-73.
B 3TOM c.rtyqae d CT = d: /).
T a 6 .'J H It. a 75
OTKJ10KeKHe d 'f' J.tN.
Wa r. pe3L()bI
p. MM
Bep XHet"
HfUKKe
6e
6c
6e
6c
-
0.8 -0,060 -0.210 -
1,0 -0,060 -0,240
1.25 -0.063 - -0,275 -
1.5 - -0,140 - -0,,376
1.75 -0. 145 -0,,410
2,0 - O"i50 -0.430
2,5 - Ot l60 -0 1 505
3 1 0 - -0.170 -0.545
166
,
r:> 1: 16 c> ]:)J
it J. =1 L =1 l
I
l 'Ii 1s
6) I) ,) i l)
It
PRC. 68. CTep*HH nOA KOH H'IeCKYIO pe3b6y:
a - MeTpH'iecKY»: 6. It - AIOAwOBYKJ H repllillleTHliecKYJO COOT8 TCT8eHHO nOl1 M'p .laH"e M
HaK8ThlB8t1Me: i! - seHTHAeA H 6a.rtnmlo. ,D,JI R ra30B
CTep.HH nOA Me.TpH'IetKYIO pe3.6y C nepeXO,J1HWMIl nOCaAK8MH
H nOCaAKaMIl C HaTRrOM. JI.HaMeTpbl CTepmHeH .llJJH pe3b6bl C nepe-
XO,nHblMH noca;J.KaMH no rOCT 24834-81 H33Ha431OT TaK )f(e, KaK
H AJUI peab()hI no roc T 16093-81, Ta K Ka K Y 3TH X pe3 b6 H a H a..
PY>KHblH JtHaMeTp (d) YCT8HoBneHo 3HaJIOrH\{HOe nOol,e J10nycK3--
6g.
llJIJI pe3b()bI no rOCT 4608-81 .LtHaMeTpbl d CT CTep>KHeii peKo-
MeHllYeTCR Bhl6HpaTb c yqeTOM npelleJlbHblX OTK 'oHeHHK Ha Ha-
PY>KHhlH AHaMeTp pe3b6b1 (d) 3Ta pe3b6a "MeeT MeHbWYIO BblCO-
TY npo<pHJt.R. iteM pe3b6a no rOCT 16093-81. I)TO n03BO,,'1HeT npe-
He6petth BcnYIJHSaHHeM BHTKOB pe3b6b1.
Ha d ycr3HOBJJeHbI CJ1ellYIOWHe nOJ1J1 llonYCKOB:
Jt..rJH p 1,25 MM - 6e; .llJ1ft mara P> 1,25 MM - 6c.
npe.nenbHble OTKJlOHeHHH d CT .naHbI B T86111. 75.
CTep*HH non. KOHH1IecKYIO MeTpH'IecKYIO pe3&6y no rOCT
25229-82. Pa3MepLl CTepJKHeH (pHC. 68, a) U33HaQaJOT no
Ta6J1. 76.
CTep.HH nOA KOHHilecKYIO pe1boy no raCY 6. t I-52 H KOHH-
lfecxylO repMeTHQecKYIO pe3hCiy no fOCT 37.001.3.'-83. Pa3Me-
PIX (MM) CTep}KHeH Ha3Ha"la1OT B COOTBeTCTBHH C pHC. 68, 6 no
TatSJI. 77 ]lJJH pe3b5h1 no rOCT 6 t 11-52 H no Ta6JL 78 .l1JlH pe3b-
6h1 no OCT 37.001.31 J-83. CTep)KeHb Ha A,,1RHe L AOJ)I(eH 6b1Tb
oopatioT8H H8 KOHYC. Ha A.TJHHe L-l CTep>KeHb MO>KeT ()blTb KOHH-
qeCKHM HJlB D.HJIHH,llpHlleCKHM C J1HaMerpoM, paBHblM d CT .
T a 6 JJ H U a 76
tl CT ' "N
War pe3b a HO..HH8.11 b -1 C. MM. He
Pe3ia.«S a 6b1. P. I. N" Hoe 3Ha. 01'KAOHe' 60J1ee qI.
'M" qeHKe KHe
MI{6-MKIO 1,0 2 5 -0.07 1,0 I
MKI2-MK24 ) ,5 3,5 d -0,1 ] .6 45
MK27-MK60 2.0 5 -0)3 2,0
167
T a 0 JI H U a 71
d. CT
Pe3b()a d. L m1n Dcp min Rmax
HOMHH8J1bHoe OTKJlOHe-
3RaqeHHe RHe
K 1 /16" 1,700/7,582 8, I 06/7,988 6,5 9,5 6,0
/10,483/10,365 -0,09 1,0
K 1 /8" 1 0,046/9,928 7,0 10,0 . 8,4
Kl/4" 13,342; 13,166 13,936/13,760 9,5 1 14 ,5 10,9
-0,13 1.5
/14,3
K3/8" 16 1 762/16,586 17,418/17,242 10,5 15,5
K 1 /2" \ 20,828/20,611 /21,672/21,445
K3/4" 26,143/25 1 611 1 27 ,018/26,701
Kl" 32,731/32,455 1 33 ,825/33,549
KI 1/4" 41,456/41,180 42,581/42,305
Kl 1/2" 47.526,{47,250 \48,682/48,406
K2" 59,538/59,262 60,725/60,449
-0,17
13,5 20,0 17,7
14,0 20,5 23,0
17,5 1 25 . 0 /28.9
18,0 25,5 \37,6
18,5 26,0 43,7
19,0 26,5 55,7
2,0
2,5
* B tlHCJIHTeJIe - ,Lt,,']$1 xpynKHx, B 3H3MeH3TeJIe - .l{JIfI Bfl3KHX MaTepHaJIOB.
CTep1KHH no.ll. TpaneQeHAaJlbHYIO pe3bOY no fOCT 24737-81 H
24739-81 H ynopHYIO pe3b6y no fOCT 10177-82. ,l1HaMeTp
cTep*HSI onpen.eJISIIOT no q>opMYJIe dcT=d- ei , rn.e d - HaPY>KHblH
,lJ,HaMeTp pe3b6bI.
Ha HapY>KHble ,lJ,HaMeTpbl ynopHoH Ii TpaneueH,lJ,aJIbHOH pe3b6bI,
H3rOTOBJIHeMOil Hape3aHHeM, YCTaHOBJIeHa O,lJ,Ha CTeneHb TOtlHO-
CTH - 4-SI H On.HO OCHOBHoe OTKJIOHeHHe - h, "PH KOTOpOM BepXHee
OTKJIOHeHHe es=O.
B Ta6JI. 79 ,l(aHbI ,lJ,OnycKH ,lJ,HaMeTpa CTep>KHH B 3aBHCHMOCTH
OT UJara pe3b6b1.
168
CTep)KHH nOA TPYOHYIO UHJlHHJ1.pHQeCKYIO M Tpy6HYlO KOHH'Ie-
CKYIO pe3bOY. PeKOMeH.llyeMbIe .llH3MeTpbl CTep)KHeH no.ll. Hape3aHHe
Tpy6HOH UHJlHHJ1pHQeCKOH pe3b6b1 no rOCT 6357-81 ,A3HbI B
fOCT 21347-75, a Tpy6HOH KOHHtJecKoH no rOCT 6211-81- B
fOCT 21349-75.
CTep)KHH nOA KOHHQeCKYIO pe3bOY BeHTHJleH H 08J1J10HOB )l.JlH
ra30B no rOCT 9909-81. l1HaMeTpbl CTep>KHeH (pHC. 68, 2) npH-
Be.lleHbI B Ta6JI. 80.
T 3 6 JJ H U. a 78
d. CT
Pe3b6a d. L m1n D mil} Rmax
HOMHHa.nhHoe OTKJIOH e-
3Ha eHHe HHe
KrI/16" I 7,674/7,556 8 080/7,962
Kfl/8" 10,019/9,901 1 0,456/1 0,338
Kfl/4" 13,304/13,128 13,897/13,721
I
I(f3/8" /16.723/16.547 17,379/17,203
I(fl/2" 20,819/20,592 /21,662/21,435
Kf3/4" 26,123/25,906 27,008/26,781
I(f 1 " 32,701/32,425 33,794/33,518
KrI 1/4"/ 41,326/41,150 /42,551/42,275
Kfl 1/2" 47,495/47,219 48,651/48,375
I(f2" 59,508/59,232 /60,695/60.419
6,5 9,5 6
10
7 10 8,4
9,5 14,5 10,9
1 ,5
10,5 15,5 14,3
13,5 20,0 17,7
-0,088 I 2,0
14,0 20,5 I 23,0
17,5 25,0 28,9
J 8,0 1 25 . 5 /37,6
18,5 26,0 43,7
19,0 /26,5 55,7
2,5
· B 'IHCJIHTeJIe - AJISI xpynKHx, B 3HaMeHaTeJIe - AJUI BH3KHX M3TepH8J10B.
War pe3b6b1 .!I:onYCK AHa-I War pe3b6b1 .lI.onYCK AHa.
p. MM MeTpa CTep]K. p. MM MeTPa CTep]K-
HII (ei). MM 8ft (ei). MM
1,5 0,150 9,0 0,500
2,0 0,180 10,0 0,530
3,0 0,236 12,0 0,600
4,0 0,300 14,0 0,670
5,0 0,335 16,0 0,710
6,0 0,375 18,0 0,800
7,0 0.425 20,0 0,850
8,0 0,450 22,0 0,900
Ta6nHua 79
I mar pe3b6w
P, MM
.ltonYCK ABa.
14eTPa CTep)K-
HK (cd). 11)(
24,0
28,0
32,0
36,0
40,0
44,0
48,0
0,950
1 ,060
1 ,120
1 ,250
1,320
1,400
1 ,500
T a 6 JI H U a 80
HOMHHanbH&lA AHaMeTp. MM
P e3b6w I Crep)KHH B OCHOBHOA nnoc...
KOCTH ·
I. MM
19,2
27,8
30,3
19,25
21,85
30,35
16,0
17,667
17,667
* npe eJJbHOe OTKJIOHeHHe -0,1 MM.
n pH Me q a H He. War pe3b6b1 p= 1,814 MM.
8.3. Bbl60P ,D.HAMETPOB OTBEPCTHR H CTEP)I(HEA
BOA PE3b6Y nPH EE HAKATYBAHHH
H3 p33Mep OTBepCTHB no.ll. pe3b6y npH ee HaK3ThI aHHH BJlHHeT
pH.lI. <P3KTOpOB, B TOM tJHCJIe MeXaHHQeCKHe CBOHCTB3 MaTepH3JIa
)\eT3J1H, TOllHOCTb HaKaTHIBaeMOH pe3b6b1, HCnOJIHHTeJIbHLle pa3Me-
Ph( npo4>HJUI HHCTpYMeHTa, CXeMa HaKaThlB3HHH - C caaMKHYThlM»
HJIH COTKpblTblM» KOHTypOM. npH C33MKHYTOM» KOHType pe3b63 06-
pa6aTblBaeTcB no BceMY npo4>HJIIO, a npH «OTXPhITOM» - pe3b6a
no BHYTpeHHeMY .l1H3MeTpy He 06p363ThlBaeTCSI H H3 BepWHH3X
pe3b6hI MorYT 6b1Tb CKJJ8JJ.KH. «33MKHYTblH» KOHTYP npHMeHHJOT
npH nOBblweHHhlX Tpe6oB3HHBX K pe3b6e.
CymecTByeT pS)1 4>OPMYJI )tJ1B onpe.ll.eJIeHHB JJ.H3MeTpOB cTep*-
HeR H OTBepCTHR .l1JJH pa3JIH'IHblX MeTpHlIeCKHX pe3b6.
OJJ.H3KO 9TH 4>OPMYJlbI He YQHThlB310T Bcex q>3KTOpOB, BJlHHIO-
lUHX H3 nponecc H3K3ThlB3HHH (ynpyroH .lI.e<l>opManHH MeT3J1JI3;
norpeWHOCTeii 4>OpMhI HHCTpYMeHT3; >KeCTKOCTH 33rOTOBKH, ee YJJ..-
170
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00
«S
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=
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f-
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at:) ro- 00 u:> ,.... 00
- C\I C\I C"I M at:) (,,0
Q,q.. I: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
I:{O= 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
I)
Q.I)IJ + + + + + + + + + + + + +
£::0
\:) =
CD
.A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
« 10 00 - C'f:) 00 <0 0 0 00 -
- - C\I C\I to 0) 0
2= 0 0 0 0- 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -
=a J I I I I I I I I I I I
ftJ
:I:
I
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:2«1 "" C'f) ro . 8 In to 00 0'> -
1>...= 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - -
o= 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
I> I>
61>= + + + + + + + + + I + T +
CO
:z:: :c
t-o. 0 0 0 0
... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 C'f':) In 0 to 00 C"I C'I - at:) 0
i - C"I C'I C'I C'f:) C'f':) '1111" lC to 00 0') -
2= 0 0 0 ci ci 0 0 0 0" 0 0 0 ..
-
:ca I I I I I I I I I I I I I
."
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I) C"I C'I C'f':) C'f:) C"') U':) to 00 0)
1>...= 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
o:c ci 0" 0 ci 0 0 0 0 ($ 0 0 0 0
Co) I)
0.8= + + + + + + + + + + + + +
t::=
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
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0 C"I lC 0 to 00 - "" CD 0 00
o: - C'I C"I C"I C'f':) . <0 00 0:.
2= 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0- 0 0 0 0 -
zS I I I I J I I I I I I I I
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4)= 0 0 0 0 c 0 0 0 0 0 ($ 0
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c.=
t:
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= 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
It) :3 t--- - C'f) f.&) - to-- 0) C"I 00 C"I -
J:I - C'I C"I C"I C'f:) C'f:) to CD CO -
= 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0- 0 0 0 ..
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== '1::t
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c: :.:
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. 00 - "'I:f4 C"I 00 0 C'f) In 0 (7)
« - c:"I ro C'f':) lC t--- 00 (7) -
2= 0 0 0" 0 0 0 0" 0- 0 ci ci ci -
== I I I I I I i I I I I I
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Q. "'I:t' at) f.&) I' 00 C'I.. lC.. t-.. 0
c.. . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - - - ..... C'i
coos:!
8'0
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,Z:(HaMe1'p, MM, OTBepCTHA nOA pe3b()y C nOJleM AonYCKa
.nHa MeTp War
pe3h()bI. pe3h()hI, npeAenh- npeAeJJb- npe.a.enb-
MM MM 2H5D Hoe OT- 2H5C Hoe 01'- 3ff6H Hoe OT"
KJlOHeHHe KJlOHeHHe KJlOHeHHe
6 1,0 5,46 I +0,04 I 5,44 +0,04
1,0 7,46 +0,04 7,44 +0,04
8
1,25 7,33 I +0,04 - - I 7,29 +0,05
1,0 9,46 I +0,04 - - I 9,44 +0,04
10 1,25 I 9,33 +0,04 I - - 9,29 +0,05
1,5 I I - I 9,18 I +0,05 I 9.15 I +0,05
1,25 11 ,33 I +0,04 I 11 ,29 I +0,05
1,75 11 ,03 I +0,05 11 tOO I +0,06
1,5 15,18 I +0,05 15,15 +0,05
2,0 14,89 I +0,06 14,86 +0,07
12
16
JIHHeHHSI H .llp.) H .1181OT TOJlbKO npHOJIH}KeHHble pa3MepbI CTep>K-
HeH H OTBepCTHH no.ll pe3b6y npH ee HaKaTbtBaHHH.
HH>Ke npHBe.lleHbI .llHaMeTpbI OTBepCTHH H CTep>KHeH no.ll pe3b-
6y "PH ee HaKaTblB8HHH .llJIH npaKTHlleCKOrO npHMeHeHHSI.
,l\HaMeTpbl OTBepCTHii nO)l. MeTpH'IeCKYIO pe3bOY C npO HJleM no
rOCT 9150-81 H C AonycKaMH no rOCT 16093-81 (Ta6J1. 81).
,a8HHbIe Ta6JIHI{bI MorYT HCnOJIb30BaTbCH npH HaKaTbIBaHHH pe3b-
6b1 B nJIaCTHtlHblX MaTepHaJI8X - MaJIoyr Jlepo,nHcTbIX, KOpp03HOHHO-
CTOHKHX, }KapOnpO'lHbIX, KOHCTPYKI{HOHHbIX CTaJIHX H II.BeTHblX
CnJIaBaX c HB 200.
OTBepCTHJI no A MeTpH'IecKYIO pe3b6y c nepexoAHblMH H TyrHMH
nocaAKaMH. B Ta6JI. 82 npHBe,lI.eHbI ,nHaMeTpbI oTBepcTHH no,n Ha-
KaTbIB8HHe pe3b6 no rOCT 4608-81 H 24834-81 C HaH60JIee
npHMeHSIeMblMH nOJISlMH .l(onYCKOB.
172
YKa3aHHbIe B Ta6JI. 82 3HaqeHHH AHaMeTpoB oTBepcTHH H npe-
JIeJIbHblX OTKJIOHeHHH Ha HHX MorYT B Ka}K,l{OM KOHKpeTHoM
CJIyqae KoppeKTHpoBaTbcH B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT o6pa63TblBaeMoro
M3TepHaJIa, reOMeTpHqeCKHX napaMeTpoB HaKaTHoro HHCTPY"
MeHTa.
AHaMeTpbI OTBepCTHH nOA KOHH'IeCKYIO AIOHMOBYIO pe3b6y no
rOCT 611 t-52. PeKOMeHJI.yeMble ,lI.HaMeTpbl npHBeAeHbI B Ta6JI.
83 H H3 pHC. 67, a, 6.
npe e bHMe OTK OHeHHH JI.HaMeTpoB oTBepcTHH onpe,l{eJIH T
3KcnepHMeHT3JIbHblM nYTeM.
,nHaMeTpbl oTBepcTHH nOA TPYOHYIO KOHHlfecKYIO pe3b6y no
fOCT 6211-81. PeKOMeHJI.yeMble .lI.HaMeTpbl npHBe.neHbI B Ta6JI
84 (pHC. 67, a, 6).
npe.neJIbHble OTK OHeHHH HaMeTpoB oTBepcTHH onpe.neJIH T
3KcnepHMeHTanbH M nYTeM.
CTep]l(HH nOA MeTpHQecKYIO pe3b6y.
,QH3MeTpbl CTep>KHeH no
pe3b6y no fOCT 16093-81
H33HaqaIDT B COOTBeTCTBHH C
rOCT 19256-73.
3H3qeHHH JI.HaMeTpoB
CTep>KHeU no HaKaTbIBaHHe
HaH6o ee npHMeHHeMNx
pe3bo nOJIeH .lI.OnYCKOB 3p H
3n no fOCT 4608-81 H 2m
no fOCT 24834-81 npHBe,l{e-
HbI B Ta6 . 85. OD,HaKO OKOH-
PRC. 69. CxeM8 ,ltJlH onpe.neJleHHH ,ltHaMeT-
qaTeJIbHO ,l{H3MeTp CTep}f{HH pa 3arOTOBKH no)l. HaKaTblB8HHe HapYJK-
){OJDKeH 6b1Tb YTOqHeH npaK- BoA Tpaneu.eHJ\aJIbHOA pe3b6b1
T a 6 J1 H II. a 83
,nH8MeTp OTBepCTHJI, MM
P.e3b6a
tSe3 p83BepThI.
BaHHSI Ha KO-
Bye
e p83BepTbI-
BaHHeM Ha
KOHYC
1/16"
1/8' ,
1/4"
3/8"
1 /2"
3/4"
I"
1 1/4 '1
I 1/2"
2"
7,42
9,80
12,81
16,35
20,32
25,66
32,12
40,88
46,95
58,99
7,36
9,47
12,78
16,26
20,20
25,55
31 ,99
40,74
46,81
58,85
T a 6 JI H It a 84
,nH8MeTp OTBepCTHJI, MM
Pe3b6a'
6e3 pa Bep.
ThlB8HHB H8
KOHYC
e pa3BepThI.
B8HHeM H8
KOHye
1 /8' I 9,42 9,36
1/4" 12,70 12,62
3/8" 16,21 16,62
1 /2' I 20,34 20,22
3/4" 25,82 25,71
I" 32,46 32,32
1 1/4" 41,12 40,98
1 1 /2" 47,02 46,87
2" 58,83 58,68
Q
)II(
tJ/./z
113
T a 6 11 H 11 a 85
IlH8 NeTp CTC'(UKH If. fit M.
HOM HH8J1 r.u .A nOA p Jb6y c nOJ7t:M J10IlYCK8
Wa r peJb6hf
JUS a M eTP pe3b(j LJ. p. MM
MAt I
31' 3n. 2 m
8 1,25 7,25 t 7t 24
1.25 I 9,26 I 9.24
10
j I
1,5 9,07 9.06
1.25 I 1 J, 26 I 11,24
12
I I
t75 J 0.91 10,90
1,5 I 15.07 I 15.06
16
I I
2.0 14t78 14,77
20 1,5 I 19)07 I 19,06
np .aenbHoe OT.
KJlOHI!HHe. MM.
JlJlR no.ne A A 0-
"Y(:1'08
3p, 3,*. 2m
-003
,
-003
,
I -0,03
I -0,04
I -003
,
1 -004
.
I -0.03
TH\leCKH M n YTe M. JlJl}] pe3b 6bl nOA M eTaJJJJOn OKp bfTHe TOJlUlH HOll
6 MKM .ltH3MeTp CTepJKHH YMeHbwalOT H3 0,02 MM.
CTep]KHH nOA Tpaneu.eHAaJlhHYIO pe3h6y. )J.J1H Tpaneu.eHA3J1b-
Hoii pe3bObl npH ee HaKaThlB3HHH JJ.HaMeTp CTep>KHH MO}l(HO onpe-
,lleJ1HTb, npnpaBHJlB nJ10lJ.{aAH CeqeHH'H BhI,lJ.3BJ1HSaeMOro npOcpHJUI
F 2 H BblJ18BneHHOrO F I (pRC. 69):
FI = (a + 2x tg (<</2) + a) x ==x (a +x tg (a/2»;
2
F').= P - (2 tg (<1;2) t + a) + P - (2 tg (<&/2) x+a) (t -x)=
2
= l P - tg (a/2) (t + x) - a) (t - x).
npHpaBHS1B 06a ypaBHeHHSI H pelllHB ox OTHOCHTeJIbHO x, nOJIY.
t(HM:
x= t (P- a - t tg(a/2) .
p ,
]74
T a 6 J1 JI a 86
Pp3b6a
ill a r p e3t.tS bI
MM
.aKa NCT'p CTep*HM dc.-r. MM"
B QCH08110'11 nJlOCKOCTH
I, Milt
HO HKanbHoe
3H8"1eHHe
OTKJlOKeKMe
ft\K6-MI<10
J\1 K] 2-MK24
1.0
1.5
· d - AHaMeTp pe3b6.bt
2t 5
3.5
d--O t 54
d-O,,93
-0.06
-0.08
dCT=d - 2 x=d- 2t(P-a -; t tg (a/2» .
PaCtleTHblH dC"t YiOllHHIOT 3KcnepHMeHTa.r1bHO npo6UblM HaK3TblBa.
HueM.
CTep)KHH noJi. MeTpHQeCKYIO KOHH1feCKYIO pe3boy no fOCT
25229-82. B Ta6JJ 86 npHBe)leHhI opHeHTHpOBOttJibie J1HaMeTpbl
CTep>KHeA no-n pe3b6b1 C H3H6oJlee pacnpocTpaHeHHhlMH waraMH
(pHC. 68, a).
Cyep1KHK nOA KOHH'IecKYIO pe31.6y no rOCT 6111-52 H
KOHHlIecKYIO repMeTHQecKYIO pe3J.6y no OCT 37.001.3] 1-83.
B Tatin 87 A8HbI peKoMeHAyeMhle AH3MeTpbJ CTepjf\HeH nOA pe3b6y
T a 6 n If n a 81
J. "M
P eab(Sa
d CTW
Mil
D.,..
MM
H 011 H. OTK.n o.
aaJI bB oe H eKIt e
3HalleHKe
I
J< 1/16" 1.202 4,064 +0.6 6.1
K I /8" 9,579 4,51% +0,6 8.4
KI/4" 12.523 5,080 +0,8 10,9
1<3/8 " 16,006 6,096 +0.8 14,3
I( I /2" 19.872 8,128 +1.0 17,7
K3j4" 25,217 8,611 +1.0 23,,0
Kin 31,511 1 0, 160 +1.2 28,9
Kl 1/4" 40,328 IOt 668 +1.2 31.6
1<.1 1/2" 46,397 10.668 +1,2 43,7
l(2 u 58,435 11,074 +1,2 55.7
n p Rile q a H R e. YroJI '1'=70 ... 80D
T a 6.1t H 11 a 88
d T' MY
mar
Pe3b6a pe3b6w HOKK- npeAe.a1:t-
p. MM H3J1bHDe aoe OT-
KaqeRKe o eRKe
Krl/8" 0,941 9 1 48 -0,03
KfJ /4 11 1,,411 12,42 O05
,
Kf3/8 u 1.41 ] 15 , 96 -0,06
Kfl/2" 1.814 19.80 -0,06
Kr3/4" I ,8 14 25,18 -0.06
Kfl" 2.209 31.56 -0.08
Krl 1/4" 2,209 40,38 -0.08
Krl 1/2" 2.209 46.40 -008
,
Kr2" 2,209 58,44 -008
,
175
T a 6 J] H l{ a 89
War pe3bOY
p. MM
Yron $aCKH cpO npH o6pa
6aTbl8aeMOM MaTepHaJIe c
OS' Mna
lJ.O 800 C 8. 800
0,5-1,5 20-25 15-20
1,75-2,5 25-30 20-25
3,0-6,0 30-35 25-30
no rOCT 611-52, a B Ta6JI. 88-
no OCT 37.001.311-83 (pHC.
68, 8).
PeKoMeHAyeMbie pa3Mepbl
cj)aCOK Ha CTep*HHX no)). pe3b-
oy. PeKOMeH.llyeMble pa3MepbI
cpaCOK Ha CTep>KHHX no,lt pe3b-
oy npH ee HaKarWBaHHH npHBe-
.lleHbI B TaOJI. 89. Ha tlaJIbHbIH
J].HaMeTp cf>acKH ,l1.0JI>KeH ObITb
MeHbwe BHYTpeHHero J].HaMeTpa
l'e3bobI H3 0,15-0,25 MM.
rJlaBa 9
OC06EHHOCTH H3rOTOBnEHH
PE3b60BbiX AETAJlER, K KOTOPblM
nPEA1>lIBJljlIOTCjI CnEUHAJIbHblE TPE60BAHHlI
9.1. H3rOTOBJlEHHE PE3b6b1 nOBblWEHHOA TOqHOCTH
K pe3b6e nOBblllleHHOH T04HOCTH OTHOCHTCH pe3b6a C H3Tflr3-
MH no fOCT 4608-81, C nepeXO)I.HbIMH nocaJ].K3MH no rOCT
24834-81, 4-H CTeneHH TOtIHOCTH no rOCT 16093-81 H )I.pyraH
npeu.e3HoHHaH pe3b63 C nOJIeM J].onycK3 no cpeJ].HeMY J].H3MeTpy
nopHJ].Ka 0,05 MM. OCHOBHOH HaH60JIee B3>KHOH xapaKTepHCTHKOH
T04HOCTH pe3bO C 3KCnJIyaT3u.HOHHOH H TeXHOJIOfHqeCKOH TOtleK
3peHHH HBJIHeTCH TOtlHOCTb npHBeJ].eHHoro Cpe.llHerO J].HaMeTpa-
KOMnJIeKCHaSi BeJIHtlHH3, KOHTpOJIHpyeM3H npeJ].eJlbHbIMH pe3b6o-
BbIMH KaJ1H6paMH H Y1JHTblB3IOIU3H norpelllHOCTH c06CTBeHHO cpeJ].-
Hero J].HaMerpa, lllara, yr JIa npocpHJ1H.
OoeCnetleHHe BbICOKOH T04HOCTH npHBe.neHHoro cpeJ].Hero .lI.H3-
MeTpa npeJ].CTaBJIHeT coooA HaHoonblliHe TeXHOJIOfHqeCKHe TPYJJ.-
HOCTH.
TeXHOJIOrH4eCKHe X3paKTepHCTHKH cnoc060B H3rOTOBJIeHHH
pe3b6b1 nOK33bIB3IOT, 1JTO T04HbIe BHYTpeHHHe pe3b6bI MorYT ObITb
nOJIYtleHbI ll1JIH<pOB3HHeM, H3pe33HHeM H HaK3TbIBaHHeM MeTttHK3-
MH, HaK3TbIBaHHeM rOJIOBKaMH, 3 B pHJ].e CJIyttaeB - TOtteHHeM.
T04Hble HapY}KHbIe pe3b6bI MorYT 6bITb nOJIY4eHbI I1IJIHcpOBaHHeM,
H3KaThIBaHHeM pOJJHKaMH, nJ1aHeTapHblM HaKaTbIBaHHeM, HaKaTbI-
B3HHeM aKCH3JIbHbIMH H TaHreHIJ.H3JIbHbIMH r0J10BK3MH.
B YCJIOBHHX M3CCOBoro H KpynHocepHHHoro npOH3BO,!lCTBa OC-
HOBHblMH cnOC003MH H3rOTOBJIeHHH TOtlHOH BHYTpeHHeH pe3b6bI flB-
JIHIOTCH H3pe3aHHe H H3KaTbIBaHHe MeTttHKaMH, 3 H3PY>KHOH pe3b-
116.
6b1- HaKaTblBaHHe .nBYMSI (TpeMH) pOJIHKaMH, nJIaHeT3pHOe HaK3-
TbIB3HHe, H3KaTblBaHHe T3HreHlI,H3JIbHbIMH H aKCH3JIbHblMH (npK
yr JIe HaKJIOHa DCe" pOJIHKOB, p3BHOM yr JIY nO,!l'beMa pe3bObl) ro-
J10BK3MH.
npH Hape3aHHH pe3b6bI MeTqHK3MH lleJIblH pH.ll Q:>3KTOpOB BJIHH-
eT H3 cpe HHH HaMeTp: COOCTBeHHO cpe HHH H3MeTp MeTqHK3;
OTKJI(}HeHHH nOJlOBHHbI yr JIa npO<pHJUI H lll3r3 MeTqHKa OT HOMH-
HaJIbHblX 3HaqeHHH; reOMeTpHqeCKHe n3paMeTpbl pe>KYIII.HX 3JIeMeH-
TOB MeTqHKa (cp, y, a); CKOpOCTb pe3aHHH; KOHCTPYKUHH naTpOHa;
o6p36aTblBaeMblH MaTepHaJI; COTC; KOHCTPYKTHBHoe HCnOJIHeHHe
MeTqHKa (qHCJIO nepbeB, .llJIHHa K3JIH6pYIOIII.eH H pe}KYIlleH qaCTeH,.
HaJlHqHe 33TblJIOBaHHH no npocf>HJIIO, 6HeHHe 3a60pHoro KOHyca);
3HalleHHH oceBblX COCTaBJlHIOllJ,HX CHJI pe33HHH; 3HaqeHHH BHeIllHHX
oceBblX CRJ1; COOCHOCTb MeTIJHKa H 3arOTOBKH, 6HeHHe IllnHH.lleJIH
CTaHKa. JIIOOOH H3 3THX <paKTOpOB OKa3blB3eT BJIHHHHe H3 TOq-
HOCTb pe3b6b1. Ha npaKTHKe B MaCCOBOM npOH3Bo.nCTBe npH Hape-
3aHHH TOqHOH pe3b6b1 MalllHHHblMH MeTqHKaMH He06xo.llHMO BbI.lI.ep-
)KHBaTb CJIe YIOw.He YCJIOBHH: 6HeHHe llinHHAeJlSl - He 60JIee
0,02 MM; COOCHOCTb HHcTpYMeHTa oop36aTbIBaeMoro oTBepcTHH-
,LlO 0,08 MM; no alla OJI}KHa 6b1Tb npHHY HTeJIbHOH, qHCJIeHHO paB-
HOH lllary pe3b6b1; n3TpoH KpenJleHHH MeTqHKa OJI>KeH 6blTb nJI3-
BalOIllHM C )1BOHHOii oceBoH KOMneHC8lI,HeH; y MeTqHKa onycK cpe -
Hero )1HaMeTpa .llOJI>KeH 6bITb 0,01 MM H oHeHHe BHHTOBOH JIHHHH -
He oOJ1ee 0,005 MM.
B pH e CJIyqaeB BblCOKOH TOIIHOCTH pe3b6bl MO>KHO 06HTbCH
npHMeHHH MeTqHKH C pe>Kyme-BblrJI3>KHBaI01lI.HMH 3y6bHMH. TOIJ-
HOCTb pe3b6b1, nOJIyqaeMOH C nOMOU1.blO 6eCCTPY>KeIlHblX MeTqHKOB,
BbllIle TOqHOCTH pe3b6bI, nOJIyqeHHOH C nOMOlltblO pe}f{Y1lI.HX MeTqH-
KOB. npH HaK3TblB3HHH pe3b6b1 npOHCXO HT He pa36HBaHHe pe3b-
Obi, a ee yca Ka, T. e. npHBe eHHblH cpe HHH .llH3MeTp YMeHblll3-
eTCH no cpaBHeHHIO co cpe HHM H3MeTpOM MeTqHKa. 3TO n03BOJIH-
eT BblopaTb cpe HHH HaMeTp oeccTpY>Ke'lHOrO MeT'IHKa TaKHM,
qTOObl rapaHTRpoB.aTb TOqHblH Cpe)1HHH H3MeTp eTaJIH. BecCTpy-
}KeqHble MeTqHKH ,LlJIH HaK3TblBaHHH TOqHOH pe3b6bI no cpaBHeHHIO
C 06b1qHblMH, KaK npaBHJlO, HMelOT 60JIee >KeCTKHH .nonycK H3
Cpe.llHHH ,LlHaMeTp (0,015 MM no cpaBHeHHIO C 0,03 MM), YMeHb-
lIleHHbIH OOp3THblH KOHYC. nO,Ll3l1a - npHHY.lI.HTeJlbHaH HJIH caMO-
33THrHB3HHeM. TpeooBaHHH K OCHaCTKe H 060PY.llOBaHHIO TaKHe }f{e,
liTO H ,LlJlH TOqHblX pe}f{YIII.HX MeTqHKOB.
K pe3bOOH3K3THbIM pOJlHK3M H cerMeHTaM ,LlJIH H3KaTbIBaHHH
TOtIHOH HaPY>KHOH pe3b6b1 T3K>Ke npe.ll.'bHBJIHIOTCH nOBbllIleHHble
Tpe60BaHHH K TOIIHOCTH Cpe,LlHerO HaMeTp3, 6HeHH noca,LlOQHOro
OTBepCTHH OTHOCHTeJlbHO pe3b6bI, 6HeHHIO BHHTOBOH J1HHHR (He 60-
JIee 0,015 MM).
9.2.06ECnE'IEHHE TO'lHOCTH PACnOnO)l(EHH"
nOBEPXHOCTEA PE3b50BYX nETAnER
HaH60nee paCnpOCTpaHeHH e napaMeTp B3aHMHOrO pacno o-
>KeHHH nOBepXHOCreH pe3b6oBblX JleTa"leH CJlel1.YIOll.lUe: OTJ\J10HeHHe
OT nepneH.llHKYJJJlpHOCTH OCH pe3bObl no OTlloweHHIO K TOpl.lY, pa-
..l!H3J1bHOe H TopLlOBoe OHeHHfl pa3JIHttHblX nOBepXHOCTCii OTHOCH.
TeJIbHO OCH pe3b6b1, OTKJ10HeHHH 01 COOCHOCTH nosepXHOCTH pe3b.
6b1 C .ltpyrHMH nosepxHocTRMH.
)1J1H .lI.OCTH>KeHHft 33Jl3HHOrO B3aHMHoro paCnO,,10>KeHllfl cY11.1e-
CTBYJOT pa3JJHtlHble cxeMbi o6pa6oTKH pe3h6 .
OAHOjt H3 pacnpocTpaHeHHhlx 1IB.TJSleTCft C}KeCTK3st» cxeM3, xa-
paKTepH3YlOIltaJlCJI >KeCTKHM 3aKpenJJeHHeM 3arOTOBKIt H HHC1PY-
MeHTa. npH 3TOM Heo6xo HMO npHMeHHTb o6pa6oTKY aa OllHH yc-
TaHoe c npe BapHTenbHO" o6pa6oTKOH nOBepXHOCTH nOA pe3bOY
HJJH MHoroonepaUHOHHYIO o6pa6oTKY Ha nOCTOHHHOif onpaBKe ".1M
B u.eHTpax. no Toii CXCMe BblnO.1HJlIOT oupaGoTKY pe3b6h1 pe3110M
(CM. pHC. 9), 4Jpe3epoa3HHeM (CM. pHC. 12). WJlH$oB3HHeM (CM.
p HC. 14).
D.JlJI cxeMhl C C3MoopHeHTaUHeH HHcTpYMeHTa OTHOCHTe.lbHO 33-
rOTOBKH xapakTepHO npHMeHeHHe pe3b6oo6pa3YlOUlHX HHCTpYMeH-
II
TOB H OCHaCTKH cneUHanbH X KOHCTPYKU"U, HanpHMep C HanpaB-
JUllOlI.\HMH \laCTJlMH (CM. puc. 43, e, "') C Bel1YIllHMH 3y6bftMH (CM.
puc. 43. a) nJlaB31OUJ.HX naTpOH08 (CM. pHC. 48, a).
CxeMa c caMoopHeHT31.lHerl 3arOTOBkH OTHOCHTe.1bHO HHcrpy-
MeHTa OTJlH'IaeTCH OT npeJtblJJ.YUlHX
HCnOJlb30aaHHeM o6pa6aTblBaeMOH no-
aepXHOCTH B KaqeCTBe 6a3b1. no 3TOll
cxeMe H3KaTbiBBIOT HapYiKHYIO pe3b-
6y pOJ1HKaMH (CM. puc. 19-21),
n..'10CKHMH n..1aWKaMH (CM. pRC. (8);
pOJ1HKOM-CerMeHToM (CM. pHC. 17).
CxeM3 c npHHY HTe b"O" opHeH-
ranHeH 3arOTOBKH OTHOC"Te bHO HH.
cTpYMeHTa oCYIl1eCTB.1HeTcH C HcnO.,1b-
30BaHHeM pa3..1H'IHblX Hanpa B.1HIOWHX
3.1eMeHTOB, HanpHMep }KeCTKHX H.1H
pa3>KHMHblX naJJbueB H onpaBoK. npH
310M opHeHTaUHH MO>KeT BblnO...rJHHTb-
CR K3K nepeJl.. o6pa6oTKOH, T3K II B
npou-ecce ee, Ha pHC. 70 nOK33aH3
2 pe3b6oHape3HaJi rOJlOBKa 1 c nOJJ.npy-
>KHHeHHblM HanpaBJlSIJOlllHM na lb-
178
PHe. 70. Pe3b6onape3HaA rO.l0BK3 C Hanpa8-
JUlJ01l{H M naJJbueM:
I - "OJTOB a: 2 - HanpaBJUuou.c,IIA na,1eu.; 3 - 3aro.
TOBKa
ueM 2. opHeHTHpYlOlltHM 3arOToBKY 3 B npouecce o6pa6oTKH.
OCHOBHbIM TeXHonorHtJeCKHM npHHUHnoM npH H3rOTOB.1eHHH
pe3b6oBbIX .!1eTaw1eH C TOtJHblM B3aHMHblM pacnOnO>KeHHeM pe3b6o-
BOn H pyrHx nOBepXHOCTeA HB HeTCH o6pa6oTKa Beex B3aHMOCBH-
:,aHHblX nosepXHOCTeH 3a O,llHH YCTaHOB. 3TO JJerKO OCTHraeTCR
)(a TOKapHblX aBTOMaTax H nOJlyaBToMatax, arperaTHbiX CT3HKax
H 3BTOMaTHtieCKHX JJHHHHX. O-llH3KO B ueJ10M TeXH0J10rHH o6pa-
60TKH 38 O HH YCTaHOB xapaKTepH3yeTcH Ha Hq eM 60Abworo
(!HCJ1a nepeXO OB H MaJJb1M K03<1> HUHeHTOM Hcnonb30BaHHH MeTaJJ-
..13. BOJlee nporpeCCHBHOH B M3CCOBOM npOH3BO,llCTBe HBJlJieTCH Ma-
nOOTXOAH8H H Manoonepa HOHHaH TeXHonorHH H3rOTOBneHHH pe3b-
60BblX n.era..1eH. npu 3TOM K TOltHOCTH sarOTOBKH npeJ1DHBnHIOTCH
nOBblJlleHHble Tpe6oBaHHR, T3K KaK 3TO OKa3b1BaeT CYll1eCTBCHHoe
BJJJlHHHe Ha nocneJlYlOwylO MeX3HHlleCKYIO o6pa6oTKY H no..'1yqe-
HHe 3a;:a,3HHoro B3aHMHoro pacnOJlO>KeHHH.
npH HCnOJJb30BaHHH TOtJHhlX 3arOTOBOK MeXaHHQeCKaH o6pa-
OOTKa nepe.n onepanHeH 4JopMoo6pa30BaHHH pe3b6b1 MO>KeT T.
CYTCTBOBaTb, eCJlH reXHOJJOrHlfeCKHA AonYCK 83aJfMHOrO pacnOJJo"
/KeHHH nOBepXHOCTH no,D. pe3b6y H .l1pyrHx nOBepXHOCTeH y 3arOToa-
KH ( 3) He npeBblwaeT (0,5-0,75)6, r,ne 6 - JlOnycK B3aHMHoro
pacno.n01KeHHH nOBepxHocTen J1eT8JIH no qepTe>KY. npH 9TOM no-
c.tTe.nYlOll1aH onepaUHH o6pa30s8HHH pe3b6bI J1.0JOKH3 6b1Tb TaKoH.
To6 coxpaHHnocb OCTHrHYToe 8 38rOTOBKe B38KMHoe pacno o.
>KeHHe nOBepXHOCTeH. CBOfrCTBOM coxpaHSlTb AOCTHrHYToe B33HM-
Hoe pacnOJlOJKeHHe nOBepXHoCTeA (<<coxpaHHIOI1lHH:' 3$ eKT) 06-
JJaJI.alOT cnocoobl HaKaTblB8HHft HapY>KHblX pe3b(), npH KOTOpb1X of)-
pa6aT BaeM3H nOBepxHocTb HCnOnb3yeTcH 8 KaqeCTBe 6a3 .
,.QJ1H 3arOTOBOK cpeJJ.HeH TO\fHOCTH, Korn3 i1 3 = (0,75...2)1), "PH
H3rOTOBJIeHHH pe3b6b1 -llOol'T)KHbI HCnpaBJUITbCB norpeWHOCTH B33HM-
Horo pacno o*eHHH nOBepXHOCTH nOA pe3b6y H npyrHx nOBepXHO-
CTeH 3arOTOBKH. HcnpaB.TJHTb TaKHe norpeWHOCTH MO>KHO lIeKOTO-
pbIMli cnocooaMH Hape3aHUSI HapY>KHOH H BHYTpeHHei\ pe3b6b1 C
npHHY HTenbHOH opHeHTa HeH 3arOTOBOK. EC H e 3arOTOBKa He-
OCTaTO HO TOQUa unH onepanHH pe3b6oo6pa6oTKH He nonHOCTb
HCnpaSJIfteT norpeWHOCTH 3.arOTOBOK TO nepe.ll nOCJJeAHeH onepa.
Que" Heo6xo HMO BBO HTb MeXaHHqeCKY o6pa6oTKY B3aHMOCBH.
33HHbIX nOBepXHOCTeH, npe.aYCMaTpHB3B COOTBerCTBYlOlUHe npHnyc..
KIf B 3arOTOBKe. TIp" 3TOM ll,,'U! 06ecnelleHHR Tpe6yeMoro B3aHMHO-
fO pacno o eHHH nOBepXHOCTeA Heo6xo HMO HcnO b30BaTb O HO-
YCT a HOBOIJ "yro 06 p a 6o'rKY.
9.3 H3rOTOBnEHHE PE3b6b1 HA TEPM006PA60TAHHblX
3ArOToBI(AX
Pe3b6y, KaK npaBH..1o, H3rOTOBJJHJOT .lIO TepMoo6pa6oTKH, ecnH
OHa 3a.l{3Ha B 1JepTe>Ke .lleT3..'IH. B 3TOM cJJYlJae TepMH'JecKaa 06-
pa60TKa )J.OJtiKH3 6b1Tb TaKo(,> tJTo6b1 )l.e<p0pMau.HIf pe3b6bl 6LlliH
179
MHHHMaJ1bHbI H cTa6HJ1bHbI. BblnOJIHeHHe 3THX Tpe60BaHHH n03BO-
JUleT ytteCTb, eCJlH 3TO He06xoJJ.HMO, 3HatteHHSI JJ.ecpOpMa HH npH
MeXaHHqeCKOH 06pa60TKe pe3b6b1 nYTeM COOTBeTcTBylOtnero YMeHb-
WeHHH pa3Mepa pe3b6b1 HJIH YMeHbLUeHHH .llOnYCKa Ha Hero. 00-
3TOMY nH pe3b6oBOH eTanH OnTHMaJIbHa TepMoo6pa6oTKa B ne-
'lax C 3a HTHOH CpeJI.OH.
ECJ1H JI.e OpMaUHH BenHKH H HX He YJJ.3eTCSI yttecTb YKa3aHH -
MH TeXHOJJOfHqeCKHMH npHeMaMH, TO pe3b6y Heo6xoJI.HMO H3rOTOB-
JlSlTb 33 O HY onepaUHIO nocJle TepMo06pa60TKH. B03MO>KH JJ.Ba
BapHaHTa nOCTpoeHHSI TeXHO orHqeCKorO nponecca.
no nepBOMY BapHaHTY )"IaCTOK 3arOTOBKH, Ha KOTOpOM 6YJI.eT
<pOpMHpOB3TbCH pe3b6a, npeJ10xpaHHIOT OT B03)\eHCTBHSI TeMnepa-
TypbI, a TepMoo6pa6oTKY BblnonHHIOT J1HLUb Ha Tpe6yeMblx nOBepx-
HOCTSIX 3arOTOBKH. OOCJIe 3Toro pe3b6y MO>KHO 06pa6aTblBaTb
06b1qH MH cnoc06aMH.
ECJ1H pe3b6oBYIO nOBepXHOCTb HeJlb3H H30JIHpOBaTb B npouecce
TepMoo6pa6oTKH, TO npHMeHSIlOT BTOpOH BapHaHT, OH 3aKJIIOttaeTCH
B TaKOM cnoco6e MeXaHHtIeCKOH o6pa6oTKH, KOTOpblH n03BOJIHeT
H3fOTOBJ1S1Tb pe3b6y H3 3arOTOBKax nOBblUIeHHOH TBept{OCTH. K ra-
KHM cnoco6aM OTHOCHTCH LUJlHcpOBaHHe, TotteHHe H BHxpeBoe Hape-
3aHHe TBep.nOCnJ1aBHbIMH pe3uaMH. JIe3BHHHblH TBep.llOCnJI3BHblH
HHCTpYMeHT n03BOJIHeT Hape3aTb pe3b6y Ha 3arOTOBKax TBepJJ.O-
CTblO JJ.O 50 HRC a , a a6pa3HBHblH - Ha 3arOTOBKax TBep,nocTblO
.LlO 70 HRC a .
EcnH >Ke HeB03MO>KHO ocytneCTBHTb YKa3aHHbIe cnoco6b1 06-
pa60TKH, TO pe3b6y BblnOJIHSlIOT 3a JI.Be onepaUHH: 1) cpOpMHpoBa-
HHe pe3b6b1 H3.3arOTOBKe B «CblpOM» BH e; 2) 3attHcTKa nOBepxHo-
TH pe3b6b1 nocJle TepMoo6pa6oTKH.
B MaWHHOCTpoeHHH npHMeHHIOT Bce onHcaHHbIe p33HOBHJJ.HOCTH
ieXHOJIOfHlJeCKHX npOl1eCcOB. npHMepbl npHBe.lleHbl HHJKe.
npHMep 1. H3rOTOBJUleMaft .neTaJIb - 60JIT waTYHa C pe3b6oH MIl X 1.25-
4h6h, TBepJl,OCTb M3TepHaJIa 33-31 HRC,. T3KaH TBep.ll.OCTb He n0380JIHeT npH-
MeHHTb OnTHM3J1bHhlH .nJIH MaCCOBoro npOH3BO;J.CTBa nJlaHeTapHblH cnoc06 H3Ka-
TblB3HHH pe3b6h1 BCJIe.nCTBHe HH3KOH CTOHKOCTH HHCTpYMeHT3. TI03TOMY pe3b6y
H3K3TblB3 T nepe.ll. TepMoo6p360TKOH. 3 TepMo06p360TKY npOBO.ll.HT B 3alUHTHOH
cpe.ll.e, \lTO OOeCneqHB3eT MHHHMaJlbHble .n.ecj>opMau.HH. 3TH .lI.e<popM3UHH Y'IHTbI-
Ba T B npouecce H3K3TblB3HHft pe3b6bl nYTeM YMeHbweHHR .l{onycK3 H3 ee cpet{..
HHit .lI.H3MeTp Ha 20% H npHMeHeHHeM TeXHOJlOrHqeCKHX npe.ll.eJIbHhlX pe3b60Bblx
K3J1H6pOB. nocJle TepMo06pa60TKH pe3b6y KOHTpOJlHPY T CT3HJI,apTHblMH K3JIH6-
paMH.
npHMep 2. H3rOTOBJIJleM3J1 t{eT3J1b - m3poBoH n3JIeu C pe3b60A M30X
X 1,5-6g, TBepJI.ocTb MaTepHaJIa 241-285 HB. H3K3TblB3HHe Ha .lI. B YXpOJ1HKO-
80M CT3HKe, OnTHMaJlbHOe .lI.JIH .lI.3HHOH .neT3J1H B M3CCOBOM npOH3BO.ll.CTBe, npa -
THtieCKH HenpHeMJ1eMO H3-3a HH3KOH CTOHKOCTH HaK3THblX pOJIHKOB. B CBft3H C
3TH ( npH ueMeHT3nHH H TepMo06paOOTKe nOBepXHOCTb no pe3b6y npet{oxpaHH-
IDT nYTeM OMe.nHeHHft, \lTO n03BOJIHeT coxpaHHTb TBepnOCTb B COCTOJlHHH nOCT38-
KH HB 187 H ycnewHo H3KaThlB3Tb pe3b6y .lI.8YMft pOJlHK3MH.
npHMep 3. Yl3foTOBJUleM3R t{eT3JIb - Ban Kopo6KH nepe.ll.3Q c pe3b6oH
M42X 1,5-6g, nepece'leHHoA WnOHO'lHblM n330M, TBeP.ll.OCTb MaTepH3J1a 48-
56 HRC 3 . OnTHM3J1bHhlH cnoco6 nOJIYQeHHR pe3bGbI - WJlHcj>oBaHHe (nacJIe 4>pe-
180
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OKa HH H 3a(5oHH, He Tpe6yeTcH 3aQHCTKa nOBepXHOCTH pe3b6 .
npHMep 4. M3rOTOBJUIeMaH .n.eTaJlb - cTpeMHHKa YWKa peccopbl C pe3b6oH
M16Xl,5-6g, MaTepHaJi TBep.nOCTbJO 285-321 HB. Pe3b6y Hape3alOT rOJlOBKOH
c KpyrJl MH rpe6eHK3MH H3 «ChlpOH» 3arOTOBKe, a 3aTeM BhlnOJIHRIOT TepMooo"
pa60TKY 8 neQH C 3aw,HTHOH cpeJtOH. KaqeCTBO H TOQHOCTb pe3b6b1 coxpaHSI"
JOTCft.
9.4. H3fOTOBJlEHHE PE3b6b1 C nOKPblTHjlMH
HaHeceHHe nOKphlTHH Ha pe3b6oBhIe eTaJ1H IIIHpOKO npHMeHH-
lOT B npOH3BO.llCTBe, B OC06eHHOCTH npH H3rOTOBJIeHHH Kpene>KHblX
tleraJIeH. I1Cn0J1b3YIOT nOKpbITHSI CJleJI.YIOll{HX BHJI.OB: aHTHKOppO-
3HOHHble, JI.eKOpaTHBHbIe, H3HOCOCTOHKHe, repMeTH3HpYIOll{He, CTO-
nOpSl He nOKpbITHSI He JI.OJ1}KHbI yxy.nwaTb c06HpaeMOCTb pe3bOO-
Boro COeJI.HHeHHH.
B npOI.J.eCce HaHeceHHSI nOKpblTHH H3MeHSIIOTCH pa3Mepbl pe3b-
6bI. n03TOMY JI.J1S1 06eCneQeHHH CBHHtlHBaeMOCTH pe3bOOBblX t{eTa...
J1eH HJIH 3aJI.aHHbIX nOCaJI.OK (HanpHMep, HaTSlra) npH H3rOTOB.TIe-
HHH pe3b6b1 Heo6xot{HMO YQHThiBaTb TOJIU{HHY nOKphlTHH H xapaK'"
Tep HX pacnOJIO}KeHHSI Ha pe3b60BOH nOBepXHOCTH. TeOpeTHIJeCKH,
npH ycnoBHH paBHOMepHoro HaJIo*eHHSI nOKpblTHSI Ha npO Hnb
MeTpHIJeCKOH pe3b6bI, CpeJI.HHH JI.HaMeTp ee H3MeHHeTCH Ha yqeTBe-
peHHYJO TOJJIUHHY CJIOfl nOKpblTHSI Ha 60JITaX CpeJI.HHH J1HaMeTp
pe3bObl YBeJIHtlHBaeTCH, Ha raHKax - YMeHblllaeTCSI. Ha npaKTHKe
pacnpeJl.eJIeHHe CJIOSI nOKpblTHSI no npo<pHJlIO pe3b6b1 HepaBHOMep-
HO. CTeneHb HepaBHOMepHOCTH 3aBHCHT OT BHJI.a nOKpbITHSI, cnoco-
6a ero HaHeceHHSI H BHJI.a nOKpblBaeMOH nOBepXHOCTH. Y 60JITOB
TOJ1ll{HHa nOKpbITHSI 60JIbllle Ha BepWHHax pe3b6hI H 60KOBbIX CTO-
pOHax npO HJISI H MeHbwe BO Bna,nHHax. Y raeK TOJI HHa nOKpbl-
THH He HopMHpyeTcH B CKB03HblX pe3h6oBblX OTBepCTHSIx HaMeT-
pOM JI.O 6 MM H B r JIYXHX pe3b60BblX oTBepcTHSIx JI.HaMeTpoM JI.O
12 MM. KpaHHHe BHTKH pe3bObI raeK, KaK npaBHJIO, HMelOT 60J1b-
lllYIO TOJ1lI{HHY nOKpblTHH, IJeM OCTaJIbHble BHTKH.
COOTHoweHHe Me}l{ Y TOJIll{HHaMH CJlOeB nOKpbITHH Y BepWHH,
y CTOpOH npO HJ1S1 (Ha J1HHHH CpeJI.HerO JI.HaMeTpa) H Y Bna HH
COCTaBJ1HeT npHMepHo 3: 2: 1.
HepaBHoMepHocTb CJlOSI nOKp THH 3aTpYJI.HHeT onpeJI.eneHHe
pa3Mepa CpeJI.HerO JI.HaMeTpa nOKpblToH pe3b6bI. TOJlll{HHY CJ10H
nOKpblTHSI 06 qHO onpe eJIHIDT XHMHIJeCKHMH MeTo aMH Ha r a "
KOH lIaCTH JI.eTaJ1H, a napaMeTpbI pe3b6b1 KOHTpOJIHpYIOT npeJI.eJlb-
HbIMH pe3b60BbIMH KaJlH6paMH.
HaH60Jlee pacnpocTpaHeHbI 3all{HTHble nOKpbITHH 6onToB, IIInH-
JIeK, BHHTOB H raeK CJIe.l{YlOlUHx BHJI.OB: UHHKOBoe; UHHKOBoe C xpo-
MaTHpoBaHHeM; HHKOBoe C oc aTHpoBaHHeM; KaJI.MHeBOe C xpo-
MaTHpoBaHHeM: <l>occpaTHoe C npOMaCJ1HBaHHeM; OKCHJI.Hoe.
HaH60JIee qaCTO npHMeHHeM3S1 TOJl HHa nOKpblTHH: 3-6 MKM;
6-9 MKM; 9-12 MKM.
181
d 2
B 33BHCHMOCTH OT 33,lJ.3HHOH
_ _-. TOJlIlI.HHbI nOKpbITHH He06xo.LlH-
I MO Onpe,lJ.eJlHTb OnTHMaJlbH e
Me}l{Onep3 HOHHble p33Mepbl
pe3b6bI lTepe,lJ. MeXaHHtleCKOH .06-
p360TKOH (no.Ll nOKpbITHe). Ha
pHC. 71 npHBe,lJ.eHa cxeM3 pac-
nOJlo*eHHH nOJleH onycKoB no
Cpe.LlHeMY ,lJ.H3MeTpy Ha lIJnHJlb-
Ke C pe3b6oH H C HBTHraMH no
rOCT 4608-81. no cxeMe MO}l{-
HO onpe,lJ.eJlHTb M3KCHM3J1bHbIH
H MHHHMaJlbHbIH .l1.HaMerpbI
'tJ pe3b6bI nOCJIe H3HeceHHH nOKpbI-
Puc. 71. CxeMa onpell.eJleHHSI cpeAHero THR.
.D.HaMeTpa HapY1KHOH pe3b6b1 no,It no- IlInHJlbKa HMeeT p33Mepbl
KpblTHe d 2 maX H d 2 mln (noJle OnYCKa L\) ;
nOKpbITHe TOJIIUHHOH 6. npe eJIbHble pa3Mepbl pe3b6b1 nOCJIe nOKp -
TH : d;max=d2max+48rnax; d;rnln=d2mln+48mine
TOqHOCTb pe3b6b1 nOCJIe nOKpblTHH L1n.n = d;max - d mln' HJIH
l\n.n= + 4 6, r.l1.e 6=6 max - 6 m l n - ,nonYCK Ha TOJlInHHY no..
KpbITHH.
113 nOCJle.l1.HeH Q>OPMYJlbI CJle,lI.yeT, tlTO TOtlHOCTb HaPY>KHOH
pe3b6N nocJle nOKpMTHH 33BHCHT OT onycKa H3 H3fOTOBJleHHe
pe3b6bI npH MeX3HHtleCKOH 06p360TKe H YtleTBepeHHoro ,lJ.OnYCKa
H3 TOJlIUHHY nOKpbITHH. n09TOMY ,nJUI nO,,1YtteHHH TOttHbIX pe3b6
C nOKp THeM He06xo HMO 06eClTetlHTb B COKY TOtlHOCTb pe3b6M
npH MeX3HHQeCKOH 06pa60TKe H TOtlHO BbI,lI.ep HBaTb JI.OnycK H3
TOJIlllHHY nOKpbITHH.
T3KHM 06p330M, ,lJ.J1H H33HaQeHHH ,lI.OnYCK3 H3 Cpe,lI.HHH JI.H3MeTp
H3PY>KHOH pe3b6bI no.Ll nOKpbITHe He06xoJI.HMO 33.LlaHHOe B qepTe>Ke
lTOJle onYCKa YMeHbllIHTb HB yqeTBepeHHYIO TOJIlI{HHY nOKpbITHH
(6 max H 6 m l n ). 33TeM, eCJIH 9TO B03MO>KHO, CJle,lJ.yeT nO,lI.06paTb 6J1H-
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npH H3rOTOBJleHHH MeTpHQeCKOH pe3b6b1 no rOCT 16093-81
C nOKpblTHHMH peKOMeHJI.YIOTcH CJle,lJ.YIOIlI.He OCHOBHbIe OTKJIOHeHHH:
60JITa h H raMKH H - JIH pe3b6bl C TOHKHM 4>oc<paTHblM no-
KpbITHeM;
60JlTa g H r3HKH H - .LlJ1H pe3b6bI C Q>OC<p3THblM H TOHKHM
r3J1bBaHHtIeCKHMH nOKpMTHeM;
60JITa e H r3HKH G - ,lI.J1H pe3bobl C r3J1bB3HHtteCKHMH nOKpbl-
THSI'MH 3HatlHTeJIbHOH TOJIll{HHbI.
ECJlH B tlepTe>Ke 33.LlaHbI npe,lJ.eJlbHble OTKJlOHeHHH p33MepoB
pe3b6bI ,lJ.0 HaHeceHHH nOKpbITHH H HeT PyrHx YK333HHM t TO pa3-
Mepbl pe3b6b1 nOCJIe H3HeceHHH nOKpbITHSI He )J.OJl>KllbI BblXO)J.HTb
33 npeJ{eJlbl, onpeJ{eJlHeMble HOMHH3JIbHblM npo<pHJleM pe3b6b1 H
COOTBeTCTBYIOIUHe OCHOBHbIM OTKJIOHeHHHM h H fl.
182
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KOHTPOJIb PE3b6b1
10.1. METOAbi KOHTPOnJi PE3b6b1
B npouecce H3rOTOBJleHHJI pe3b60BhlX AeTaJIeH JlI060H H3 3J1e-
MeHToB pe3b6h1 - HapY1KHblH, BHYTpeHHHH H Cpetl.HHH ,nHaMeTpbI,
war, yrOJI npo<l>HJlH - M01KeT HMeTb norpeWHOCTH. KpOMe Toro,
B03MO:H<HbI OTKJlOHeHHH OT KOHueHTpHqHOCTH tl.HaMeTpaJ1bHblX ceqe-
HHU, OT 3atl.aHHhlx napaMeTpOB, xapaKTepH3YJOIUHX B3aHMHoe pac-
nOJlO1KeHHe pe3b6b1 H tl.PyrHx nOBepXHOCTeH ,neTaJlH, HeBbItl.ep)l(HBa-
HHe 3a,naHHOH mepOXOBaTOCTH pe3bOOBOH nOBepxHOCTH H ,npyrHe
OTKJlOHeHHJI. Bce 3TO npHBo,nHT K HapyweHHIO B3aHM03aMeHJleMO-
CTH, YXYtl.waeT co6HpaeMOCTb (CBHHqHBaeMOCTb) H KaqeCTBO peab-
6oBoro coeAHHeHHJI, CHH>KaeT era npOqHOCTb. OCHOBHhlMH napa-
MeTp,aMH peab6h1 HBJlBIOTCJI cpeAHHH tl.HaMeTp, war H yroJl npo-
4>HJI
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TOqHOCTb H ,npyrHe 3KcnRyaT3UHoHHble CBOHCTBa pe3b6oBOro coe-
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4>e-
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,ltH4>cJ>epeHltHpOBaHHblH MeTO,n KOHTpOJUI npHMeHHIOT B TOM CJlY-
qae, KOr,l(a tl.onYCKH ,l(aHbI OT,l1eJlbHO Ha Ka>KAblH napaMeTp peab-
6bI. npH 3TOM OT)leJIbHO npOBepJlIOT co6CTBeHHO Cpe,l1HHH AHaMeTp,
lllar H nOJlOBHHY yrJla npo<f>HJlJI. 3TOT MeTO,lt TpYJl.oeMOK, CJIOJKeH
H HCnOJIb3YeTCB r Jl8BHblM 06pa30M tl.JlJI KOHTpOJlJl TOqUOH pe3b6h1,
HanpHMep KaJlH6pOB, peab6oo6pa3YIOInerO HHCTpYMeHTa CneUHaJlb-
HblX pe3b60BhlX ,neTaJleit KpOMe Toro, 3TOT MeTOtl. MO:H<HO HCnOJlb-
30BaTb npH HCCJle,nOBaHHH npHqHH tl.e
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HOJIOrHQeCKOrO npouecca.
KOMnJleKCHblH MeTOA KOHTpOJlH npHMeHHIOT ,nJlJl pe3b60BblX ,ne-
TaJleH, AonYCK cpe,nHero ,lJ.HaMeTpa KOTOpblX JlBJIBeTCJI cyMMapHblM
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pa3MepOB C npe,neJ1bHhlMH. 3TO ,nOCTHraeTCB C nOMOID.blO npeAeJlb-
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HOBHblM B M8CCOBOM H KpynHocepHHHOM npOH3BOACTBe H npHMeHJI-
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10.2. HHCTPYMEHT ,nJl" KOHTPOnjl PE3b6b1
KOHTpOJIb pe3b6w KaJlH6paMH. B KOMnneKT ,nJlH KOHTponH UH-
JIHH,l1pHqeCKHX pe3bO BXO,nHT npoxo,nHhle (17P) H Henpoxo
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(HE) npeAeJlbHble KaJlH6pbl (pHC. 72, a-
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Jl.JlfI o6pa6oTKH MaTepKaJlOB. M.: MawHHoCTpoeHHe. 1984. 224 c.
3. rpYAOB A. A., KOMapoB D. H. BblcoKonpOH3BO,AHTeJlbHhlH pe3b6oo6pa-
3YlOlUHH HHcTpYMeHT. M.: Hf1I1MAW, 1980. 62 c.
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TpYMeHTa. M.: BbicwaH WKOJl3, 1984. 160c.
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6. AbSlIlKOB B. 6., l{aCSaToB H. .., HOCHHOB M. )I. Cneu.HanbHble MeTaJl"
JlOpeJKY111He CTaHKH 061l{eMaWHHocTpOHTeJJbHOrO npHMeHeHHB. M.: MawHHocTpoe-
HHe, 1983. 288 c.
7. HaKaTwBaHHe pe3b6bl, qepSHKOB WJJHneB H ay6bes/B. B. JIanHH, A. H. nlf-
capeBcKHH, B. C. CaMcoHoB, 10. H. CH30B. J1.: MawHHocTpoeHHe, 1986. 228 c.
8. CnpaBOQHHK TexHonora-MawHHocTpoHTenH. B 2.x T. T. 2/IIoA pe,A.
A. f. KOCHJ10BOH, P. K. Mew.epHKoBa. M.: MawHHocTpoeHHe, 1985. 496 c.
9. .PYMHH 10. JI. BhlcoKonpOH3Bol1HTenbHhlH pe3b()oo6pa3YIOIltHH HHCTPY-
MeHT. M.: MawHHocTpoeHHe, 1977. 183 c.
10. SlKYXHH B. r. OnTHManhHaH TeXHonorHH H3rOTOBJleHHB pe3b6. M.: Ma-
WHHocTpoeHHe, 1985. 184 c.
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