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6apeYAH.
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CTaJl.HH OKOHqHJI. yqHAHI}Je H nocTynHA B TOM
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Ka THAHCb H AO 3aKaBKa3b.H, KY Aa yme npoHHK
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npOBomAaAOCb pOCTOM pa60'Iero ABHmeHIi.H.
B 9O-x rOAax B 3aKaBKa3be BeJl.H peBOJl.W!!HOH-
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KCHCTbI. B 3aKaBKa3be HaqaAaCb nponaraHAa
MapKCH3Ma. THcpJl.HCCKa.H npaBOCAaBHaH ceMH-
HapH.H HB.1\HAaCb Tor Aa pacca4HHKOM BC.HKOro
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1 B. H. Ae:'llIu. CO'lnHeH!UI, T. IH, H3A. 3-e, c'rp. 464.
7

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"B peBoJl.wgHoHHoe ABmKeHHe, - rOBopHT
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.3aKaBKa3be. aTH rpynnbI HMe.1\H Ha MeH.H 60Ab-
ruoe BAH.HHHe H npHBHAH MHe BKYC K nOAnOAb-
HOH MapKCHCTCKOH J1.HTepaType" I.
B 1896-1897 rOAax CTaJl.HH CTOHT BO rJl.aBe
MapKCHCTCKHX KpymKoB ceMHHapHH. B aBrYCTe
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CKYIO opraHH3agHw POCCHHCKOH cogHaJl.-Ae-
MOKpaTHqeCKOH pa60qeH napTHH. CTaJl.HH CTa-
HOBHTC.H IJAeHOM rpynnbI "MecaMe-AacH"-
nepBoM rpY3HHcKoM cogHaA-AeMOKpaTHqeCKOH
opraHH3agHH, cbIrpaBIIIeM B 1893-1898 rOAax
H3BecTHYw nO.1\02KHTeA!>HYw poJl.b B AeJl.e pac-
npocTpaHeHH.H HAeH MapKCH3Ma. "MecaMe-
AaCH" He 6blAa nOAHTHqeCKH OAHopOAHa - ee
60Jl.bIIlHHCTBO CTO.HAO Ha n03HgH.HX "J1.era.1\bHOro
1 H. Cma.ll.un. Bece,lta C HeMegKHM nJ:rcaTeJ\CM 8MHJ\eM Aro,ltBH-
rol\i', .1938 r., CTp. 9.
8

MapKCH3Ma co H CKAOH.HAOCb K 6ypmya3HOMY Ha-
!!HOHa.ll.H3MY. CTaAHH, KegxoBeAH, !JYJl.YKHA3e
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CTaJl.HH MHoro H ynopHo pa60TaeT HaA
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HmpeCT KOMMYHHcTHqecKoM napTHH" H APY-
rHe pa60TbI MapKca H BHreJl.bCa, 3HaKOMHTC.H
c npOH3BeAeHH.HMH AeHHHa, HanpaBAeHHbIMH
npOTHB HapOAHHqeCTBa, "J1.eraAbHoro MapKCH-
3Ma" H naKOHOMH3Ma". Yme TorAa pa60TbI
AeHHHa npOH3BeJl.H rAy60Koe BnetzaTJl.eHHe Ha
CTaJl.HHa. ,,51 BO qTO 6bl TO HH CTaJl.O AO.1\LKeH
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pHI,geM, 6J1.H3KO 3HaBIIIMX CTaJl.HHa B aTO BpeM.H 1.
. Kpyr TeOpeTHqeCKHX 3anpOCOB CTaJl.HHa qpe3-
BbNaMHO II1HpOK - OH H3yqaeT q>HJl.OCOq>HW, IIO-
J1.HTHqeCKYW aKOHOMHIO, HCTOpHW, eCTeCTBeH-
HbIe HaYKH, tzHTaeT KAaCCHKOB XYAomeCTBeHHoM
J\HTepaTypbI. CTaJl.HH CTaHOBHTC.H 06pa30Baa-
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1, "PaCCKa3h1 CTapbIX pa60'lHX 3aKaBKa3hJl 0 BCJ\HKOM CTaJlHHC".
BOCnOMHHaHHH TOB. II. KanaHaA3C. "SA. "MOJ\OABJI fBapAHJI",
1937 r., CTp. 26.
9

CTaJlHH Be,.1l;eT B aTOT nepHoA HHTeHCHBHYIO
nponaraHAHCTCKYro pa60TY B pa60qHX KpY2KKaX,
yqaCTByeT Ha HeACraJl.bHbIX pa60 I lHX c06paHHJlX,
nHIIIeT J1.HCTOBKH, opraHH3yeT CTaqKH. aTO
6bIJl.a nepBafl II1KOJl.a peBoAIOgHOHH0!1 rrpaKTit:-
qeCK0I1 pa60TbI, npOH:ACHHa.H CTaJlMHbIM cpeAH
nepeAOBbIX npO.1\eTapHeB THq>.I\Hca.
...H BCIIoMHHaro, - rOBopHA CTaAHH, _
1898. rOA, Kor Aa JI BnepBbIe rroAytJHJI. KpymoK
H3 pa60 i ,mx meJl.e3HOAopomHbIx MacTepcKMx...
3,4eCb, B Kpyry STHX 'l'OBapHl,geH:, .H nOJl.yqHJI.
Tor Aa nepBoe CBOe 60eBoe peBoAlOgHoHHoe
KpeJ,geHHe... MOHMH nepSbIMH ytJHTeJl..HMH 6bIAH
THq>.1\HCCKHe pa60tJHe":.
3aHJlTH.H MapKCHCTCKHX pa60 1 lHX KpymKoB B
THqJJ\.Hce rrpOXOAHJl.H no cocTaBACHHOH: CTaAHHbIM
nporpaMMe.
B ceMHHapHu, r,4e 6bIJI.a HaJl.ameHa CTpo-
ra.H C.1\c.mKa 3a "noA03pHTe.1\bHDlMH". HaqMHawT
AoraAbIBaTbC.H 0 HeJl.eraAbHOH: peBOAIO!J!fOHHOH
pa60Te CTaJUIHa. 29 Ma.H 1899 rOAa ero
HCKJl.WqaJOT H3 ceMuHapHH 3a nponaraHAY
MapKCM3Ma. HeKoTopoe BpeMfl CTaJl.HH nepe-
6HBaeTCJI ypmmMH, a 3aTeM (B AeKa6pe 1899 1'.)
nocTyrraeT Ha pa60TY B THq>.1\HCCKYIO CPH3I-PIe-
1 "DpaB,lIa" N2 136, 16 RIDRn 1925 r.
10

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CKYIO 06cepBaTopHW B KaqeCTBe BbIqHCJl.HTeA.H-
Ha6J1.WAaTeA.H, HH Ha MHHYTY He npeKpaI,Ya.H
peBO.1\lOgHoHHOM AeHTeJl.bHOcTH.
Yme B TO BpeM.H CTaAHH-OAHH H3 caMbIX
SHeprHqHblX H BHAHbIX pa60THHKOB THq>AHC-
CKOM cogHaA-AeMOKpaTHqeCKOM opraHH3agHH.
,,8 nepHOA 1898-1900 1'1'. C.1\OmHJl.aCb H
Oq>opMHJl.aCb PYKoBoAHI,ga.H geHTpaJl.bHaH cogHa.1\-
JJ;eMOKpaTHqeCKa.H rpynna THq>.1\HCCKOH opra-
HH3agHH... TH<!>J1.HCCKa.H geHTpaAbHa.H cogHaA-
AeMOKpaTHqeCKaH rpynna npOBe.1\a orpOMHYIO
peBoAwgHoHHo-nponaraHAHcTcKYW H opraHH3a-
gHOHHYIO pa60TY no c03AaHHIO HeAeraJl.bHOM
cogHaA-JJ;eMoKpaTHqecKoM napTHMHoM opraHH-
3agHH" \ CTaJl.HH B03rJl.aBJI..HeT aTy rpynny.
AeHHHcKHM "COW3 60pb6bI .sa oCB0602RAeHHe
pa60qero KAacca" 6bIA 06pa3goM, KOTOPOMY
HeH3MeHHO CJ\(AOBaAH B CBoeH pa60Te TH-
q>AHccKHe peBoAwgHoHHbIe cogHaA-JJ;eMoKpaTbI.
Pa60qee ABHmeHHe B TH<pJlHCe nOJJ; PYKOBOA-
CTBOM peBoJl.wgHoHHoro MeHbIIlHHCTBa "MecaMe-
AaCH" (CTaJl.HH, KegxoBeJlH, !JYJl.YKHA3e) B STOT
nepHOJJ; HaIJ:HHaeT BbIXOAHTb H3 paMOK CTapOM,
IJ:HCTO nponaraHAHCTcKOM pa60Tbi "C BbIJJ;aw-
I,gHMHCJI eAHHHgaMH" H3 pa60qHX. ArHTagH.H
1 .1'1. BepuR. K Borrpocy 06 HCTOpRIt 60J\hWCBHCTCKHX opr8HHsa-
gHH B .3aK8BK8.8hC, 1941 r., CTp. 17.
11

B MaCCaX nYTeM BbmYCKa J1.HCTOBOK Ha 3A060-
AHeBHbIe TeMbI, nYTeM J1.eTyqHX c06paHHM .H
nOAHTHqeCKHX AeMOHCTpa!,!HH npOTHB !,!apH3Ma
BbIABHraeTC.H mH3HblO Ha nepBblM nJl.aH.
HOBYW TaKTHKY BCTpeqaeT B WTbIKH onnop-
TYHHCTHqeCKOe 60AbIIlHHCTBO "MecaMe-AaCH" ,
KOTopoe CKAOHRAOCb K "aKOHOMH3MY", qypaJl.ocb
peBoAwgHOHHbIX MeTOAoB, 6bIJl.0 npOTHB "YAHq-
HOH" nOJl.HTHqeCKOH 60pb6bI C caMOAepmaBHeM.
CTa.1\HH, peBoJl.wgHoHHoe MeHbWHHCTBO "Me-
caMe-AaCH" BeAYT OmeCTOqeHHYW H HenpH-
MHPHMYIO 60Pb6y npOTHB onnopTYHHCTOB 3a
npOBeAeHHe HOBOH TaKTHKH, TaKTHKH MaCCOBOM
nOAHTHQeCKOH arHTagHH. OHH HaXOA.HT rop.H-
!
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MapKCHCT, CTOHKHH nocAeAOBaTeJl.b H 6AHmaH-
WHH copaTHHK AeHHHa, npOBOAHHK AeHHHCKHX
HAeM B .3aKaBKa3be. no npHe3Ae B THq>AHC
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meHH.H co CTaJl.HHbIM H peBoAlOgHoHHbIM MeHb-
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12

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HOCTblO AeHHHa C KOHga 90-x rOAoB H OCD-
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K y6ciKAeHHIO, lITO MbI HMeeM B .l\Hge AeHHHa
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B MOHX I' Aa3ax npOCTbIM PYKOBOAH'reAeM nap-
THH, OH 6bIJI. ee q>aKTHqeCKHM C03AaTeAeM, H60
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lITO copaTHHKH AeHHHa - nJl.eXaHOB, MapTOB,
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a PYKOBOAHTe.1\b BbICIIIero THna, ropHbIH OpeA,
He 3HawI}JHM CTpaxa B 60Pb6e H CMeAO BeAY-
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13

no nYTH AeHHHa. OH HHKorAa He CBOpaqHBaJl.
C aToro nYTH H 1I0CJl.e CMepTH AeHHHa CMeAO
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B 06CTaHOBKe HaqaBIIIerOCH 3KOHOMHQeCKOrO
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HH.H B POCCJ:lH H B pe3YAbTaTe AeJITeJl.bHO-
CTM cogHaJl.-AeMOKpaTOB B THq>J1.HCe B 1900-
1901 rOAax HapaCTaeT BOAHa aKOHOMHqeCKHX
3a6acToBoK, OXBaTblBaWI}JHX OAHO npeAlIpHJI-
THe 3a ApyrHM. B aBrYCTe 1900 rOAa pa3Bep-
TbIBaeTC.H rpaHAH03Ha.H CTaqKa pa60'lHX me-
J1.e3HOAOpmKHbIX MacTepKHx H Aeno. B aToM
CTaqKe aKTHBHoe yqaCTHe npHHHMaeT BbICAaH-
HbIM H3 neTep6ypra Ha KaBKa3 M. H. KaJl.HHHH.
22 anpeA.H 1901 rOAa B geHTpe THq>.1\HCa
opraHH3yeTC.H nepBOMa.H:CKa.H AeMOHCTpaMM.H.
CTa.1\HH-OpraHH3aTop H PYKOBOAHTeAb AeMOH-
cTpagHH. BTY AeMoHcTpagHw AeHHHCKa.H "HcKpa"
ogeHHAa KaK c06MTHe HCTOpHqeCKH-3HaMeHa-
TeAbHoe AA.H Bcero KaBKa3a; ee B03AeH:CTBHe
Ha Bce nOCAeAYIO:rgee pa60qee ABHmeHHe Ha
KaBKa3e 6blA0 HCKAlOqHTe.1\bHO BeAHKO.
T aK BaTH rOAbI nOA PYIWBOACTBOM pe-
BOAlOgHoHHoro MeHbIIlHHCTBa "MecaMe-AaCH"
BO I' .1\aBe co CTaJl.HHbIM 6bIJI. ocy:rgeCTB.II.eH
rrepexoA pa60tIero ABHmeHH.H fpY3HH OT Y3KoM
KpymKOBOH: nponaraHAbl K MaccoBoH 1I0Jl.HTH-
14

qeCKOM arHTagHH. TeM caMbIM H Ha KaBKa3c
CTaAO npOBOAHTbC.H B 2KH3Hb coeAHHeHHC
cogHaAH3Ma C pa60qHM ABH2KCHHCM, TOqHO TaK
2Ke, KaK aTO 6J\CCTRJ,ge OCYJ,geCTBMIJl.OCb 3a
HCCKOJl.bKO ACT nepeA STHM neTep6yprcKHM
"COI030M 60pb6bI", PYKOBOAHMbIM AeHHHbIM.
BCTpCB02KeHHOe pOCTOM peBoAIOgHOHHOH:
'60Pb6bI 3aKaBKa3CKoro npOAeTapHaTa, gapcKoe
npaBHTe.1\bCTBO YCH.1\HBaeT penpeCCHH, paCCqH-
TbIBa.H STHM rrYTeM OCTaHOBH'l'b ABHmeHHC.
21 MapTa 1901 rOAa nO.1\HgM.H npOH3BCJl.a
06bICK B qm3HqeCKOM 06cepBaTopHH, rAe mH.1\
H pa60TaJl. CTa.1\HH. 06bICK H CTaBlIJCe nOTOM.
H3BeCTHbIM pacnopHmCHHe oxpaHKH 06 apecTc
3aCTaBAHIOT CTa.1\HHa nepeMTH Ha HeAera.1l.bHOC
nOJ\.omeHHe. C SToro MOMeHTa Bn.1\OTb AO «peB
paJl.bCKOM pCBOAlOgHH 1917 rOAa OH BeAeT'
B HeJl.eraJl.bHbIX YCJ\OBH.HX Hanp.HmeHHYIO, repOH-
qeCKYIO 2KM.3Hb npoq>eccHoHaAbHoro peBoJl.lOgHG-
Hepa J\.eHHHCKOH IllKO.1\bI.
CaTpanbI gap.H 6bIAM 6eccHAbHbI nepeA
Hapa CT aBIlIHM peBo.1l.lOgHOHHbIM ABH.meHHCM.
C CCHT.H6pH 1901 rOAa no HHHgHaTHBc CTaJl.HHa
H KegxoBe.1\H CTaJl.a BblXOAHTb "SpA30Aa"
("EOpb6a ")- nepBa.H He.1l.eraJl.bHa.H rpY3HHCKa.H
co:gHaJl.-ACMOKpaTHqeCKa.H ra3CTa, nOC.1I.eAOBa
Te.1\bHO npOBO,ltHBillaR HAeM .1\eHiUICKOM " HCKpbI" .
15

"Ep.zt30.l\.a" .HBA.HJl.aCb J1.yqIIleH IIOCAe "I1CKpbI"
MapKCHCTCKOM ra3eTOM B POCCHH.
nepeAOBa.H nepBoro HOMepa "Bp.zt30.1\bI" (ceH-
T.H6pb 1901 1'.) II0.zt Ha3BaHHeM ..aT pe.ztaKgHH"
6bIJl.a HamfCaHa CTaJl.HHbIM. Onpe.zteA.HH 3aAaqH
ra3eTbI, CTaJl.HH nHcaA: "fpY3HHCKa.H cogHaJl.-
AeMOKpaTHqeCKa.H ra3eTa AOAmHa AaBaTb .HCHbIM
OTBeT Ha Bce BonpoCbI, CB.H3aHHbIe C pa60qHM
.ztBHmeHHeM, pa3'b.HCH.HTb IIpHHgHnHa.l\.bHbIe BO-
IIpOCbI, pa3'b.HCH.HTb TeOpeTHqeCKH pOAb pa60-
qero KAacca B 60pb6e H 03ap.HTb CBeTOM Ha-
yworo cogHaAH3Ma KamAoe .HBAeHHe, C KOTOpbIM
.CTaAKHBaeTC.H pa60QHM" 1.
CTaJl.HH YKa3bIBaJl. B nepeAoBoM, qTO ra3eTa
AOJl.mHa B03r J1.aBJI..HTb pa60qee ABHmeHHe, CTaTb
B03MomHO 6AHme K pa60qeM Macce, HMeTb B03-
MomHOCTb IIOCTO.HHHO BJl.H.HTb Ha Hee, 6bITb ee
CQ3HaTeJ\.bHbIM H PYKOBOA,.HIJJHM geHTpOM.
B cAe4ywI}JeM HOMepe "EPA30Abl" (Ho.H6pb-
AeKa6pb) 6bIAa ony6J1.HKoBaHa BamHa.H CTaTb.H
CTaJl.HHa "POccHMcKaH cogHaJl.-AeMOKpaTHqe-
CKa.H napTH.H H ee 6J1.HmaMWHe 3a.ztaqH".
B aTOM CTaTbe CTaAHH IIOAqepKHBaJl. He06xo-
4HMOCTb coeAHHeHH.H HayqHOrO cogHa.1\H3Ma co
CTHXHMHbIM pa60qHM ABHmeHHeM, YKa3aA Ha
1 H. B. Cma.ll.un. CO'lHHCHHJI, T. 1, CTp. 9.
16

PYKOBOA.H:rgyw pOJl.b pa60qero KJl.aCCa B AeMO-
KpaTHqeCKOM oCB060AHTeJl.bHOM ABHmeHHH H Bb
ABHHY J\ 3aAaqy opraHH3agHH caMocToHTeJl.bHoM
nOAHTHqeCKOH napTHH npOJl.eTapHaTa.
WHpOKHe pa3MepbI npHHHMaeT H H3AaHHe
J1.HCTOBOK Ha pa3J\HQHbIX .H3bIKax MHoroHagHo-
HaJ\bHoro 3aKaBKa3bH. "npeKpaCHO HanHcaH-
HbIe npoKJI.aMagHH BbIXOAHJ\H Ha PYCCKOM, rpy-
3HHCKOM H apM.HHCKOM .H3bIKax H 3anoJ\H.HJl.H
Bce KBapTaJl.bI THq>J\Hca", - nHcaAa J\eHHHCKa.H
"HcKpa" 0 Ae.HTeJ\bHOCTH THq>J1.HCCKHX cogHaJ\-
AeMOKpaTOB 1. DJ\HmaMIIIHH copaTHHK CTa.l\HHa-
1\al1.0 KegxoBeJl.H C03AaeT B BaKY KOMHTeT
J1.eHHHCKO-HCKpOBCKoro HanpaBJ\eHH.H H opra-
HH3yeT HeAeraJ\bHYW THnorpaq>Hw. 11 HO.H6p.H
1901 rOAa COCTO.HJ\aCb KOHq>epeHgH.H THq>J1.HC-
CKOH cogHa.1\-AeMOKpa THqeCKOH opraHH3agHH,
Ha KOTOpOH PbIJI. BbI6paH THq>J\HCCKHH KOMH-
TeT PCAPn. B KOMHTeT BOIIleJ\ CTaJ\HH. Ho
B THq>J\Hce OH OCTaeTC.H OqeHb HeAOJ\ro.
B KOHge HO.H6p.H, no nopYQeHHW THq>J1.HCCKoro
KOMHTeTa, CTaJl.HH eAeT B BaTYM, TpeTHH no
BeJl.HQHHe (nocJl.e BaKY H THq>J1.Hca) npOJl.eTap-
CKHH geHTp Ha KaBKa3e, AA.H c03AaHHH C01JHaJl.-
AeMOKpaTHQeCKOH opraHH3a1JHH.
1 "l1cKpa" Nu 25, 15 CCHT1I6pll 1902 r.
17

B EaTYMe CTaAHH pa3BepTbIBaeT KHnyqyw
peBoAwgHOHHYIO pa60TY: YCTaHaB.1\HBaeT CB.H3H
C nepCAOBbIMM pa60qHMH, C03AaeT cO!JHaJl.-
AeMOKpaTHqeCIme KpymKH, AHqHO BeAeT p.H,4
KpymKoB, HaAamHBaeT HeJl.eraAbHYw THnorpa-
q>HIO, nMIIIeT nJ\aMeHHbIe J1.HCTOBKH, neqaTaeT
H pacnpOCTpaH.HeT liX, PYKOBOAHT 60pb60M pa-
60tIMX Ha 3aBOAax POTIIIHAb,4a If MaHTameBa,
OprmiM3YCT peBOJ\wgI1OHHYIQ npOIIaraHAY B
J!;epeBHe. CTaAHH C03AaeT B BaTYMe cogHaA-
,
AeMOI<.paTHQeCKYlO OpraI-IH3agHio, OCHOBbIBaeT
EaTYMcKlfM KOMHTeT PCAPO, PYKOBOAHT 3a6a-
CTOBKaMIf Ha 3aBOAax. 9 MapTa 1902 rOAa
CTaJ\HH opraHH30BaJl. mmeCTHYro nOAHTHqeCKYIO
AeMoHcTpagHIO 6 aTYMcKH x pa60qHX, KOTOpOH
OH PYKOBOAHA H BO I' AaBe KOTopoM OH II1eA.
.3Aecb Ha AeAe 6bIAO oCYI}JecTBJl.eHO CTaAHHbIM
coeAHHeHHe CTaqKH C nOJl.HTHqeGIwM AeMOHCT-
pagHeM.
T aK, B aTOT nepHoA, B pemHTe.1\bHOM 1'1
HerrpHMHpHMOH 60pb6e C onnopTYHH3MOM
CAomHAaCb H BblpocAa ,ll.eHHHcKo-HCKpOBCKan
opraHH3agHJI B .3aKaBKa3be. Ee BHAHeHIlIHM
Opral-IH.3aTopoM Ii PYKoBoAHTeJl.eM 6bIA CTa.llHH,
IWToporo 6aTYMcKHe pa60qMe yme TOI'Aa Ha-
3bmaAH yIHTeJ\.eM pa60'IHx. AeHHHcKo-HCKPOB-
CKa.H opraHH3aMH.H B .3ar<.aBKa3be cTpoHAacb Ha '
18

.
npOqHbIX OCHOBaX npOAeTapCKoro HHTepHagIlO-
HaJl.H3Ma, o6'beAHIDI.H B CBOHX p.HAax nepe,40BbIX
npO.1\eTapHeB pa3J1.HqHNX HagHoHaAbHOCTeH--
rpY3HH, apMHH, a3ep6aHAmaHgeB, PYCCKHX.
J\.eHHH n03AHee He pa3 npHBOAHJI. B npHMep
3aKaBKa3CKYIO opraHH3agHIO napTHH, KaK 06-
pa3eg npoAeTapcKoro HHTepHagHoHaAH3Ma.
nOA'beM 60pb6bI pa60qHX B EaTYMe Cepbe3-
HO o6ecnoKoHA npaBHTeAbcTBo. nOAHgeMcKHe
HI}JeMKH ycepAHo HIgYT ,,3aqHHIgHKOB". 5 an-
peJl..H 1902 rO,4a CTaAMHa apeCTOBbIBaIOT. Ho
H B TwpbMe (cHaIJaAa B 6aTYMcKoM, nOTOM-
C 19 anpeAH 1903 rOAa - B H3BecTHoH CBOHM
T.HmeJl.bIM pemHMOM KYTaHccKoM, 3aTeM CHOBa
B 6aTYMcKoM) CTaAHH He nopbIBaeT cB.H3eM C
peBoAlOgHoHHoM pa60ToH.
B HaqaJl.e MapTa 1903 rOAa npOHcxoAHT nep-
BbIH C'be3A KaBKa3CKHX C.-A. opraIiH3a!!HM, Ha
KOTOpOM Oq>opMJI..HeTC.H KaBKa3cKHM COI03
PCAPO. CTaJl.HH, HaxoAHBIIIHMC.H B .saKAIOqeHHH,
3aOqHO H36HpaeTC.H B COCTaB KaBKa3CKoro co-
W3Horo KOMHTeTa PCAPn. CHA.H B TIOpbMe,
CTa.AHH Y3HaeT OT npHcxaBwHx co II C'be3Aa nap-
THH TOBapHI}JeM 0 Cepbe3HeMIIIHX pa3Hor AaCHRX
Mem,4y 60AbIIleBHKaMH H MeHbIIleBHKaMH. CTaJl.HH
pellIHTe.1\bHO cTaHOBHTC.H Ha CTOPOHY J\.CHHHa,
60Jl.bllIeBHKOB.
19

OceHbW 1903 rOAa 'CTaAHHa BbICbIJl.aIOT Ha
TPH rOAa B BOCToqHYIO CH6HPb, B BaAaraHcKHM
ye3A, I1pKYTcKoM ry6epHHH, B ceJl.o HOBa.H
y Aa. 27 HO.H6p.Sl 1903 rOAa CTaJl.HH npH6bI-
BaeT Ha MeCTO CCbIAKH. B CCbIAKe OH nOAyqaeT
IIHCbMO OT AeHHHa.
"BnepBbIe .H n03HaKOMHAC.H C AeHHHbIM B
1903 r.,-rOBopHT CTaJl.HH.-OpaBAa, STO 3Ha-
KOMCTBO 6bIJl.0 He AHqHOe, a 3aOqHoe, B no-
p.HAKe rrepenHCKH. Ho OHO OCTaBHAO BO MHe
HeH3rAaAHMoe BneqaTJl.eHHe, KOTOpOC He nOKH-
AaJ\.o MeH.H 3a BCe BpeM.H MoeM pa60TbI B nap-
THH. 51 HaXoAHAC.H TorAR B CH6HpH B CCbIJl.Ke...
OHcbMego AeHHHa 6bIJl.0 cpaBHHTeJl.bHO He60Jl.b-
moe, HO OHO AaBaJl.O CMeAYW, 6eCCTpaIIlHYW
KPHTHKY npaKTHKH HaIIleM napTHH H 3aMeqa-
TeJ\bHO .HCHOe H c.maToe H3AomeHHe Bcero rrJl.a-
Ha pa60TbI napTHH Ha 6J1.H.maHIIIHH rrepHOA" t.
. B CCbIAKe CTaJl.HH OCTaBaJl.C.H HeAOJl.ro. OH
pBaJl.C.H CKopee Ha CB060AY, qT06bI B3.HTbC.H 3a
peaAH3agHw J1.eHHHCKoro nJl.aHa CTpOHTeAbCTBa
60Jl.bIIleBHCTCKOM rrapTHH. 5 HHBap.H 1904 rOAa
CTaJl.HH 6emHT H3 CCbIJl.KH. B q>eBpaJl.e 1904 rOAa
CTaJl.HH CHOBa Ha KaBKa3e, CHaqaAa B BaTYMe,
a nOTOM B THq>AHce.
*
1 H. Cma.ll.UH. 0 .J'I.cHHHc, 1945 r., CTp. 20-21.


, JU[ t
4
n r 04TI1 ABa rOAa CTaJl.HH np06bIA B TlOpb-
I Me H CCbl.1\Ke. 8TH rOAbI 6bIJl.H rOAaMH
-- -- AaAbHeMIIIero HapacTaHHH peBoJ\.lOgl1-
OHHoro nOA'beMa B cTpaHe. 3a aTO BpeM.H COCTO-
.HJ\.C.H II C'beSA PCApn, 3aKpenHBIIIHM n06eAY
MapKcH3Ma HaA "aKOHOMH3MOM". Ho Ha cMeHY
cTapbIM, pa36HTbIM nap THeM onnopTYHHCTaM,
"aKoHoMHCTaM" - BbIcTynawT HOBbIe onnop-
TYHHCTbI, MeHbIIleBHKH. nocJ\.e C'be3,lJ,a pa3-
rOpaeTC.H OmeCTOqeHHa.H 60pb6a AeHHHa.
6oAbIIleBHKoB npoTHB MeHbIIleBHKoB, HX ollnop-
TYHHCTHqeCKHX HAeM, HX pacKOAbHHqeCKHX H
Ae30praHH3aTopcKHX AeMcTBHM. HaqaBIIIa.HcH
PYCCKO-HlIoHcKaH BOMHa H Ha3peBaHHe peBo-
AlOgHH el!!e 60Jl.ee 060CTp.HIOT aTY 60pb6y. BbIXOA
113 C03AaBllIerOCH lIapTHMHoro KpH3Hca AeHHH
21

BHAHT B C03bIBe III C'be3Aa. DOpb6a 3a C'be3,lJ,
CTaJl.a geHTpaJl.bHOM 3aAaqeM BCeX 60Jl.bIIleBHKOB.
BepHoH onopoM AeHHHa B aToM 60pb6e Ha
KaBKa3e 6bIJ\. CTaJl.HH, KOTOpbIM CTO.HJI. BO rJl.aBe
3aKaBKa3CKHX 60J\.bIIleBHKoB. Pa60Ta CTaJl.HHa
B STOT nepHoA npOXOAHT nOA q>J\.arOM om.eCTO-
qeHHOM 60pb6bI C MeHbIIleBH3MOM. CTaJl.HH-
qJ\.eH KaBKa3CKoro COW3Horo KOMHTeTa PCAPn.
BMeCTe CT. !JxaKa.H PYKOBOAHT ero pa60ToM.
CTaAHH HeYTOMUM: OH CHCTeMaTHqeCKH 06'be3-
m.aeT paMOHbI 3aKaBKa3b.H (BaTYM, 4HaTypbI.
KYTaHC, THq>J\.HC, BaKY, KpeCTb.HHCKHe paHOHbI
3anaAHOM fpY3JfH), YKperrJl..HeT CTapbIe H C03-
AaeT HOBbie napTHMHbIe opraHH3agHH; OH yqa-
cTByeT B OmeCTOfJeHHbIX CXBaTKax C MeHbIIle-
BHKaMH H APyrHMH BparaMH MapKCH3Ma Ha
MHOrOqHCAeHHbIX AHCKYCCHHX, aHeprHqHO 3aI}JH-
Iga.H 60AbIIleBHCTCKHe n03MgHH, pa306AaqaJI
nOAHTHKaHCTBO H onrropTYHH3M MeHbIIleBHKOB
H npHMHpeHgeB K HHM.
nOA PYKOBOACTBOM CTaJl.HHa H Am.anapHA3e
"B AeKa6pe 1904 r. npOBOAHJl.aCb rpaHAH03-
Ha.H CTaqKa 6aKHHCKHX pa60qH, KOTOpa.H npo-
AOJ\.maAaCb C 13 no 31 AeKa6p.H H 3aKOHqHJl.aCb
3aKJ\.lOqeHHeM rrepBoro B HCTOpHH pa60qero
ABHm.eHM.H POCCHH KOAJl.eKTHBHoro ,lJ,OroBopa C
HeQ>TerrpOMbIIIIJl.eHHHKaMH.
22

oaKHHCKa.H CTaqKa .HBHAaCb HaqaJl.OM peBO-
J\wgHoHHoro nOA'beMa B 3aKaBKa3be.
oaKHHCKa.H CTaqKa nOCJ\.ymHAa "CHrHaAOM
CAaBHbIX .HHBapCKo-q>eBpaAbCKHX BbIcTynJl.eHHH
no BceM POCCHH" (Cma.ll.UH)" 1.
BTa CTaqKa, - rOBOpHTC.H B "KpaTKOM I<ypce
HCTOpHH BKO(6)" , - 6bIAa KaK 6bI npeAI'po-
aOBoM MOAHHeM HaKaHYHe BeJl.HKOH peBoJl.wgHOH-
HOM 6YPH B POCCHH.
CTaJl.HH HaCTOMqHBO rrpoBoAHT AHpeKTHBbI
AeHHHa, pa3BHBaeT H OTCTaHBaeT 60AbIIleBHCT-
CKHe HAeH nepeA MaccaMH, opraHH3yeT 60pb-
6y 3a III C'be3A napTHH. MeLKAY AeHHHbIM H
KaBKa3CKHM COlO3HbIM KOMHTeTOM rrOCTO.HHHO
rrOMepmHBaJl.aCb TeCHa.H CB.H3b. CTaAHH CTO.HJI.
BO r AaBe BceH HAeHHo-nOJl.HTHqeCKOM 60pb6bI
KaBKa3CKHX 60Jl.bIIleBHKOB C MeHbIIleBHKaMH,
.acepaMH, HagHoHaAHCTaMH, aHapXHCTaMH B rOAbI
nepBOH PYCCKOH peBO.1\lOgHH. CHJl.bHeMIIIHM opy-
.
mHeM 60AbIIleBHKOB B aToM 6opb6e 6bIJl.a rrapTHH-
Ha.H J\HTepaTypa. CTaJl.HH 6bIJI. opraHH3aTopoM
H HHHgHaTopoM rrOqTH Bcex 60Jl.bIIleBHCTcKHX
H3AaHHH Ha KaBKa3e. H3AaHHw HeAeraJ\.b-
HbIX KHHr, ra3eT, 6POIIlWP, npoKAaMagHM OH
1 .11. BepuR. K Bonpocy 06 BCTopn:a: 60J\hlliCBliICTCRHX opraH:fl-
saJ!HH B B8K8BI(8ShC, 1941 r., CTp. 480
.23

npH,lI,aJ\. HeBHAaHHbIM B YCJ\.OBHHX gapcKoM Poc-
CHH pa3MaX.
3aMeqaTeJ\.bHO CMeJ\.bIM npeAnpH.HTHeM KaB-
Ka3CKoro COlO3a pCAPn H BbIAaWIgHMC.H 06pa3-
gOM 60AbIIleBHCTCKOM nOAnoAbHoM TeXHHKH 6bIAa
TaHHa.H ABJl.a6apcKaH THnorpaq>H.H, pa60TaBIIIa.H
B THq>AHce C HO.H6p.H 1903 rOAa no anpeJl.b
1906 rotf,a. B HeH HaneqaTaHbI 6bIJl.H pa60TbI
AeHHHa "PeBoAwgHoHHaH AeMoKpaTHqeCKaH
AHKTaTypa npoJ\.eTapHaTa H KpeCTb.HHCTBa" ,
"K AepeBeHcKoH 6eAHoTe", 6pOllllOpbI CTaAHHa
"KOpOTKO 0 napTHMHbIX pa3HorAacHHx", "ABe
cXBaTKH" H ApyrHe, nporpaMMa H YCTaB napTHH,
AeCHTKH AHCTOBOK, 3HaqHTeJl.bHa.H qaCTb KOTO-
pbIX HanHcaHa CTaAHHbIM. B HeM H3AaBaAHcb
ra3eTbI "npoJ\.eTapHaTHc BpA30Aa" ("Bopb6a
npoAeTapHaTa") H "npoAeTapHaTHc BPA30J\.HC
nypgeAH" ("AHCTOK BOpb6bl npoJ\.eTapHaTa").
KHHrH, 6pOIIllOpbI, ra3eTbI, J1.HCTOBKH neqaTaAHCb
Ha Tpex .H3bIKaX THpamoM no HeCKOJl.bKY TbIC.Hq
8K3eMnA.HpoB.
PeIIlalOIgaH pOJ\.b B AeAe 3aIgHTbI n03HgHH
60Jl.bIIleBH3Ma Ha KaBKa3e, B AeAe nponaraHAbI
H pa3BHTHR HAeH AeHHHa npHHaAJ\.emaJ\.a BbIXO-
AHBIIIeMY nOA peAaKgHeH CTaAHHa opraHY
KaBKa3cKoro COIO.3a PCAPn - "npoJ\.eTapHaTHc
BpA30Aa", AOCTOHHOH npeeMI-IHge "BPA30Jl.bI".
24

"npOAeTapHaTHC BpA30Aa" nocJl.e J1.eHHHCKoro
!JeHTpaJl.bHOrO OpraHa napTHH "npOAeTapHH"
6blJl.a caMOH AyqIIleM H caMoM KpynHoM 60Jlb-
II1eBHCTCKOH ra3eToM. nOqTH B KamAoM HOMepe
ra3eTbI neqaTa.1\HCb CTaTbH AeHHHa H3 "npo-
AeTapH.H". MHorHe BamHeHilIHe CTaTbH HanHcaHbI
CTaJl.HHbIM. B STHX CTaTb.HX CTaJ\.HH BbIcTynaeT
KaK TaAaHTJl.HBbIH nOAeMHCT, KaK KpynHeMIIIa.H
J1.HTepaTypHa.H H TeOpeTHqeCKa.H CHAa napTHH,
nOJl.HTHqeCKHH: BomAb rrpOJl.eTapHaTa, BepHbIH
nOCAeAOBaTe.1\b AeHHHa. B CBOHX CTaTb.HX H
6poIIllOpax CTaJl.HH pa3pa6aTbIBaeT p.HA Teo-
peTHqeCKHX H nOJl.HTHqeCKHX BonpOCOB. OH
BCKpbIBaeT HAeHHYW q>aAblIIb aHTH60llbIIleBHCT-
CKHX TeqeHHH H q>paKgHH, HX orrnopTYHH3M H
npeAaTeJl.bCTBO. Ero YAapbI no BparaM MeTKO
rrOnaAaJl.H B geAb. AeHHH C BOCXHI.geHHeM QT_
3bIBaAC.H 0 "npOAeTapHaTHC BpA30Aa", ee Map-
KCHCTCKOH BbIAepmaHHOCTH, rrpeBOCXOAHbIX J1.H-
TepaTypHbIX KaqeCTBax.
CTaAHH, HaH60Jl.ee BepHbIM H AO KOHga no-
C.1\eAOBaTe.ll.bHbIM yqeHHK H crrOABHmHHK AeHHHa,
CbIrpa.1\ Ha KaBKa3C BbIAawI.gYroC.H pOJl.b B HAeM-
HOM pa3rpOMe MeHblIIeBH3Ma H 3aI.gHTe HAeOAO-
rHqeCKHX, opraHH3agHoHHbIX H TaKTHqeCKHx
OCHOB MapKcHcTcKoM napTHH. npOH3BeAeHHJI
CTaJl.HHa Toro rrepHOAa .HBJI..HIOTC.H 06pa3goM
3 H. B. CT8AHB
25

nOCJl.eAOBaTeJ\.bHOH 3aI}JHTbI n03HgHH J1.eHHHH3Ma,
OT J\.HqaIOTC.H TeopeTHqecKoM I' J1.y6HHO H , HenpH-
MHpHMOCTblO K onnOpTYHH3MY.
B eBoeM 3aMeqaTeJl.bHoM 6pOIlIIOpe "KOpOTKO
,0 napTHHHbIX pa3HorAaCHHX", B ,lI,BYX "DHCbMax
HB KYTaHca" H B CTaTbe "OTBeT "CogHRII..-AeMo-
KpaTY"" CTaJ\.HH BbIcTynMA C peIIlHTeAbHOM 3a-
I}JHTOH HAeOAOrHqeCKHX OCHOB MapKCHCTCKOM
napTHH.
B "DHCbMax H3 KYTaHca" (ceHTH6pb-O K -
TH6pb 1904 rOAa) CTaAHH AaeT pe3KYw KPH-
THKY cTaTeM nAeXaHOBa B HOBoM ,.l1cKpe", Ha-
npaBAeHHbIx npoTHB J\.eHHHcKoM pa60TbI " 4TO
,lJ.eJ\.aTb?" . DocJl.eAoBaTeAbHo 3aI,gHI}Ja.H AeHHH-
CKYlO nOCTaHOBKY Bonpoca 0 cTHxHMHocTH H co-
3HaTeAbHOCTH B pa60qeM ,lJ.BH?KeHHH, TOB. CTaAHH
nHmeT:
,,3aKlI.wqeHHe (npaKTHqecKHM BbIBOA) OTCIO,lI,a
TaKOBO: B03BbICHM npoAeTapHaT AO C03HaHH.H
HCTHHHbIX KJ\.aCCOBbIX HHTepeCOB, AO C03HaHHH
cO!J,HaJ\.HcTwlecKoro HAeaJ\a, a He TO qT06bI
pa3MeHHTb aTOT HAeaA Ha MeAOqH HJ\.H npHcno-
C06HTb K CTHXHMHOMY ABHmeHHIO. AeHHH YCT<i-
HOBHJ\. TeOpeTHqeCKHH 6a3HC, Ha KOTOpOM H
CTpOHTC.H aTOT npaKTHqeCKHM BbIBO,lJ.. CTOHT
TOJ\.bKO npHHHTb aTY TeOpeTHqeCKYIO. npeAno-
CbIAKY, H HHKaKOH onnopTYHH3M He nOAcTynHT
26

K Te6e 6.1\H3KO. B aToM 3HaqeHHe J1.eHHHCKOH
MAeM. Ha3bIBalO ee J1.eHHHcKoM, IIOTOMY qTO
HUKTO B PYCCKOH J1.HTepaType He BbICKa3bIBaA
ee C TaKOM .HCHOCTblO, KaK AeHHH" 1.
EpoIIllOpa "KOpOTKO 0 napTHMHblX pa3HO-
rAaCH.HX" (HanHcaHa B HaqaJl.e 1905 r., BblIIlAa
He.1\eraJl.bHbIM H3.2J;aHHeM B Mae 1905 1'.) rrpHHaA-
J1.emHT K BbIIOIMHMC.H npOH3Be,ll;eHH.HM 60Ab-
II1eBMCTCKOH MbICJl.H. aHa nenOCpe,ll;CTBeHHO
npHMbIKaeT K HCTOpHqeCKOMY npOH3BeAeHHIO
AeHMHa " 4 TO Ae.1\a Tb ?" , peIIlHTeAbHO OT-
CTaHBaeT H pa3BHBaeT reHHa.i\bHbIe AeHHHCKHe
HAeH.
Pa3BHBa.H M,lI;eH B.I1. J\eHHHa, TOBapHIM CTaJ\.HH
,lI;OKa3MBaeT, qTO cogHaJl.MCTHqeCKOe C03HaHHe
HMeeT BeAHKoe 3HaqeHMe ,lI;A.H pa6oqero ABHme-
HHH. O,ll;HOBpeMeHHO CTa.1\HH rrpe,ll;ynpem,ll;aeT
npOTHB OAHOCTopOHHero npeYBeJl.HqeHH.H pOAH
HAeM, npoTHB 3a6BeHH.H YCAOBHH aKOHOMHqe-
CKoro pa3BHTH.H, pO.1\H pa60qero ,4BHmeHH.H.
MomHo J1.H cKa3aTb, rOBopHT CTa.1\HH, qTO co-
gHaJl.H3M-Bce, a pa60qee ,lI;BHmeHHe-HHqTo?
"KOHeqHO, HeT! TaK rOBOp.HT TOAbKO MAeaJl.HCTbI.
Kor ,lI;a-HH6y Ab, qepe3 OqeHb AOJl.roe BpeMJI,
SKOHoMHqeCKOe pa3BHTHe HeH36emHo npHBeACT
1 H. B. Cma.ll.un. CO'lJl:HeHHJI, T.,I, CTp. 58.
27

pa60qHH KJl.aCC K cogHaJl.bHoM peBoAwgHH H,
CJl.e,40BaTeAbHO, 3aCTaBHT ero nopBaTb BC.HKYIO
CB.H3b C 6ypm.ya3HOH: HAeOJl.OrHeH. AeAo TOJl.bKO
B TOM, qTO aTOT nYTb 6Y,4eT OqeHb AOJ\.rHM H
60Jl.e3HeHHbIH:" 1 .
Pa3BepTblBa.H B 6poIIllOpe "KOpOTKO 0 nap-
THMHbIX pa3Hor AaCH.HX" CBOIO I' J1.y60KYIO H pa3-
HOCTOpOHHlO1O aprYMeHTagHw no Bonpocy 0
COOTHOIIleHHH cTHxHMHoro pa60qero ABHmeHH.H H
cogHaAHCTHqeCKOrO C03HaHH.H, TOBapHI}J" CTaAHH
cJ\.eAYIOI}JHM 06pa30M pe310MHpyeT B3r A.H,4bl
AeHHHCKoro KpbIAa cogHaJl.-AeMoKpaTHM Ha aTOT
CqeT:
,,4TO TaKoe HayqHbIM cogHaAH3M 6e3 pa6o-
qelO /fBWKeHuR?-KoMnac, KOTOpbIM, 6YAyqH
OCTaBAH 6e3 npHMeHeHH.H, MomeT AHllIb 3a-
pmaBeTb, H Tor Aa npHllIJ\.OCb 6bl ero BbI6poCHTb
3a 60pT.
4TO TaKoe pa60qee ABHmeHHe DeE coy,ua.ltu-
3Ma? - Kopa6Ab 6e3 KOMnaca, KOTOpbIH: H TaK
npHcTaHeT K ,4pyroMY 6epery, HO, 6Y,4b Y Hero
KOMnac, OH AOCTHr 6bI 6epera ropa3,40 CKopee
H BCTpeTHJI. 6bI MeHbIIle onacHocTeM.
CoeAHHHTe TO H Apyroe BMeCTe, H BbI nOAY-
qHTe npeKpacHblM Kopa6J1.b, KOTOpbIM np.HMO
1 11. B. Cma.ll.un. COqHHCHHJI, T. I, CTp. 105.
28

nOHeCeTC.H K APyrOMY 6epery If HeBpeAHMbIM
AOCTHrHeT npHCTaHH.
CoeAHHHTe pa60qee ABHmeHHe C cogHaAH-
3MOM, H BbI nOAyqHTe cogHaJl.-AeMOKpaTHqeCKOe
ABHmeHHe, KOTopoe np.HMbIM nYTeM YCTpeMHTC.H
K ,,06eToBaHHoM 3eMJ\.e" Ie ].
,Bc.H HCTOpH.H 60pb6bI pa60qero KAacca B
POCCHH 6AeCTJlI}Je nOATBepAHJl.a aTOT BamHbIM
TeopeTHqecKHM BbIBOA TOBapHI}Ja CTaAHHa.
B S'I'OM 6poIIllOpe CTaAHH AaeT YHHqTOmalO:rgylO
KPHTHKY onrropTYHHCTHqeCKOM TeopHM CTHXHH-
HOCTH If 060CHOBbIBaeT pOAb H 3HaqeHHe pe-
BOAlOgHOHHOH napTHH H peBO.1\lOgHoHHoM TeopHH
AJI..H pa60qero KJ\acca.
"Pa60qee ABHmeHHe,-nHcaA CTaAHH,-
AOJl.mHO 6bITb coeAHHeHO C cogHaAH3MOM, npaK-
THqeCKa.H AeJlTeAbHOCTb H TeOpeTHqeCKa.H MbICAb
AOJl.mHbI CAHTbC.H BoeAHHO H TeM caMbIM npH-
AaTb cTHxHMHoMY pa60qeMY ABHmeHHIO COYHaJ\.-
AeMoKpaTHqecKHM xapaKTep... Hama 06.H3aH-
HOCTb, 06.H3aHHOCTb cogHaA-AeMOKpaTHH,-
COBJl.etIb cTHxHMHoe ABHmeHHe pa60qHX C TpeA-
IOHHOHHCTCKoro nYTH H nOCTaBHTb ero Ha nYTb
cogHaJl.-AeMOKpa THqecKHM. HaIIla 06.H3aHHOCTb-
BHeCTH B aTO ABHmeHHe cogHaAHCTHtIeCKOe
)
1 H. B. Cma.'lUH. CO'lHHCHHH, T. I, CTp. 102-103.
29

C03HaHHe* H 06'beAHHHTb nepeAOBbIe CHAbI pa-
60qero KAacca B OAHY Q;eHTpaJl.H30BaHHYIO nap-
THIO. HaIIla 3aAaqa-HTTH BcerAa BO r.1\aBe
ABHmeHH.H H HeYTOMHMO 60pOTbC.H co BceMH-
6YAb TO Bpar H.1\H "APyr", -KTO 6Y,ll,eT MellIaTb
OCYI}JeCTBAeHHIO STHX 3aAaq" 1.
BbIcTynAeIDIe CTaAHHa BCTpeTHAO nOJ\.Hoe
OAo6peHHe AeHHHa. OgeHHBaH CTaTbIO CTaAHHa
"OTBeT "CoQ;HaJl.-AeMOKpaTY'''', HaneqaTaHHYW B
"Dpo.1\eTapHaTHc BpA30Aa« B aBrYCTe 1905 rOAa,
AeHHH B yo napTHH "npoAcTapHM" (NQ 22)
OTMeTHJI. "npeKpaCHYW rrocTaljoBKY Bonpoca 0
3HaMeHHTOM "BHeceHHH C03HaHH.H H3He««.
B p.HAe cTaTeM CTaJl.HH 060CHOBbIBaeT AeHHH-
CKYIO AHHHlO Ha II C'be3Ae PCAPn H rrOCAe Hero.
B CTaTbe "KAacc npOJl.eTapHeB H napTH.H npo- )
J1.eTapHeB" (orry6J1.HKOBaHa 1 .HHBap.H 1905 r.
B N! 8 "npoAeTapHaTHc BpA30Aa"), nOCB.HI}JeH-
HOM nepBOMY rraparpaq>y YCTaBa napTHH, CTaJl.HH
3aI}JHI,YaJl. opraHH3agHoHHbIe OCHOBbI napTHH,
BcegeJl.o CTO.H Ha nOqBe yqeHH.H AeHHHa 0 nap-
THM, pa3BHBa.H H 060CHOBbIBa.H AeHHHCKHe
HAeH. BTa CTaTb.H OTCTaHBaeT opraHH3agHoHHbIe
HAeH 6oAbllIeBH3Ma, H3A02KeHHJ>Ie AeHHHbIM B
* KOTOpOC BblpaOOma.ll.l! MapKC H 8HreJlhC.
1 11. B. Cma.ll.UH. CO'lHHCHHlI, T. I, CTp. 105, 106.
30

ero 3HaMeHHTOH KHHre "War BnepeA, ABa II1ara
Ha3aA" .
..Ao CerOAH.HIIIHerO AH.H, - nHcaA CTaAHH, -
Hama napTH.H 6bIAa noxoma Ha rOCTenpHHM-
BYW na TpHapXaJl.bHYIO ceMblO, KOTopaH rOTOBa
npHH.HTb Bcex COqYBCTBYWI,YHX. Ho nOC.1\e Toro,
KaK HaIIla napTH.H npeBpaTHJl.aCb B !!eHTpaAH-
30BaHHYlO OplGl-lUEayU1o, OHa C6pOCHAa C ce6H
naTpHapxa.1\bHblM 06.1\HK H IIOJl.HOCTblO ynoAo-
6HJl.aCb Kpenocmu, ABepH KOTOpOM OTKpbIBa-
10TC.H AHIIIb AJI..H AOCTOMHbIX. A aTO HMeeT AA.H
Hac 60Abwoe 3HaqeHHe. B TO BpeM.HKaK caMO-
AepmaBHe CTapaeTC.H pa3BpaTHTb KAaCCOBoe
caMOC03HaHHe npOJl.eTapHa Ta "TpeA-IOHHOHH-
3MOM", HagHoHaAH3MOM, KJl.epHKa.1\H3MOM H T. II.,
KorAa, C APyroH: CTOpOHbI, J1.H6epa.1\bHa.H HHTe.1l.-
J1.HreHgH.H ynopHo CTapaeTC.H y6HTb IIOAHTH-
qeCKYIO caMOCTO.HTe.1\bHOCTb npOJl.eTapHaTa H
A06HTbC.H OIIeKH HaA HHM, - B aTO BpeM.H
MbI AO.1\mHbI 6bITb KpaHHe 6AHTe.1\bHbIMH H
He AOA2IiHbI 3a6bIBaTb, qTO Hawa napTM.H eCTb
1( penocmb, ABepH KOTOpOH OTKpbIBalOTC.H J1.HIlIb
AJl.H npOBepeHHbIX" 1.
CTaTb.H "KaK nOHHMaeT
HagHoHaJl.bHbIH Bonpoc?"
cogHaA-AeMOKpaTHH
(ony6AHKoBaHa B
1 h. B. Cma.'lUH. CG'lIlHCHIIH, T. 1, CTp. 67.
31

N 7 ..npoAeTapHaTHc' BpA30Jl.a" 0'1 1 CeHT.H6p.H
1904 r.)-3aMeqaTeJl.bHbIH KOMMeHTapHH K Ha-
!!HOHaJl.bHOH nporpaMMe PCAPn. CTaJl.HH B HeH
060CHOBbiBaeT H pa3'b.HCH.HeT TeopHW H npo-
rpaMMY napTHH no HagHoHaAbHOMY Bonpocy,
nOABepraeT COKPYIIIHTeJl.bHOM KpHTHKe onnop-
TYHHcTHqecKHM npHHgHn Ha gHoHa AbHoro p3-
MemeBaHH.H npOAeTapHaTa, rrOCAeAOBaTeAbHO
OTCTaHBaeT HHTepHagHoHa.1\HcTcKHM THn no-
CTpOeHH.H rrpOAeTapCKHX KAaCCOBbIX opraHH3a-
gHM. B aToM CTaTbe CTaAHH BbIcTynaeT KaK
KpynHbIM TeopeTHK HaYHoHaAbHoro Borrpoca,
MacTepcKH BJl.aAeIOI}JHM MapKcHcTCKHM AHaJl.eK-
THqeCKHM MeTOAOM. B HeM AaHbl B 3apoAbIIIIe
HAeH, pa3BHTbIe n03AHee CTaAHHbIM B ero
pa60Te "MapKcH3M H HagHoHaAbHbIM Bonpoc".
CTaAHH C nepBbIx II1arOB nepBoH PYCCKOH pe-
BOAlOgHH peIIlHTe.1\bHO OTCTaHBaeT H npoBoAHT
AeHHHcKYW cTpaTerHIO H TaKTHKY B peBOJl.wgHH,
J1.eHHHcKYIO HAew ZeZe.M.OHUU npo.ll.emapuama B
peBoJl.lOgHH.
I1Me.H B BHAY J1.H6epaAoB, CTpeMHBWHXC.H
He K peBoAlOgHH, a K npHMHpeHHW C gapeM,
CTaJl.HH eIge HaKaHYHe 9 .HHBap.H 1905 rOAa
rOBopHA: ..Aa, rocnoAa, TIgeTHbI BaUIH CTapa-
HH.HI PyccKa.H peBoJl.wgH.H HeH36emHa. aHa TaK
me HeH36emHa, KaK HeH36emeH BOCXOA cOJl.Hga!
32

,MomeTe J1.H OCTaHOBHTb BOCXOA.HI}Jee cOAHge?
r .1t.aBHOU. CUAOU. amou. peBOAlOYUU RBARemCH
ZOpOACKOU. U ceAbCKUu. npOAemapuam, ,sHaMe-
HocyeM me ee - coyuaA - AeMOKpamU'leCKaH pa-
60'laH napmUR, a He BbI, 1'1'. J1.H6epaJl.bI!"1.
TaK me pellIHTeJl.bHO CTaAHH OTCTaHBaeT J1.e-
HHHCKYIO HAew BoopymeHHorO BOCCTaHH.H, Kal<
cpeACTBa CBepmeHH.H caMoAepmaBH.H H 3aBoe-
BaHH.H pecny6J1.HKH. B ero pa60Tax 1905-
1907 rOAOB AaeTC.H BceCTopOHHee 060CHOBaHHe
HAeH BoopymeHHoro BOCCTaHH.H. "CnaceHHe Ha-
pOAa B n06eAoHOCHOM BOCCTaHHH caMoro Ha-
pOAa",-rOBopHT TOB. ,CTaAHH. OH Tal< me, KaK
H AeHHH, npHAaBaJl. rpOMaAHoe 3HaqeHHe Tex-
HHqeCKOM no,,'!;rOTOBKe BOCCTaHHR, opraHH3agHH
60eBbIX ApymHH, ,,'!;o6bIBaHHlO opymH.H H T. n.
"HMeHHO meXHU'leCKOe PYKOBOAcmBO U OpzaHU-
,saYUOHHaR nOAlomOBKa BcepOCCUu.CKOZO BOC-
cmaHUR, - YKa3bIBaA CTaJl.HH, - COCTaBJI..HWT TY
HOBYIO 3a,,'!;aqy, KOTOPYIO mH3Hb nOCTaBHAa
nepe,,'!; npOAeTapHaTOM" 2. CTa.l\.HH nOBCe,lJ,HeBHO
PYKOBOAH.I\. ,,'!;eHTeJl.bHOCTbW 60AbIIleBHCTCKHX. op-
rIH3agHM 3aKaBKa3bR no nOArOTOBl<e BOOpy-
meHHoro BOCCTaHHR.
1 N. B. Cma.ll.UH. CO'lHHeHHJI, T. 1, CTp. 78.
2 TaM 2I!.C, CTp. 133.
33

CTaJ\.HH 060CHOBbIBaeT H pa3BifBaeT HAelO
AeHHHa 0 BpeMeHHOM peBoAlOgHOHHOM npaBH-
TeAbCTBe. C03AaHHe BpeMeHHoro peBoJl.lOgHO H -
Horo npaBHTeJl.bCTBa, YKa3bIBaeT OH, AOA2KHO
.HBHTbCH eCTeCTBeHHbIM pe3Y.1\bTaTOM n06e-
AOHOCHoro BoopymcHHoro BOCCTaHH.H HapoAa.
nOCI\.OAbKY npOJl.eTapMaT H KpeCTb.HHCTBO n06e-
A.HT B BOCCTaHHH, nOCTOJl.bKY H BpeMeHHoe
peBO.1\logHoHHoe npaBHTeAbCTBO AOAmHO 6bITb
BbIpa3HTeAeM HX qa.HHHM H HHTepeCOB. BTO
npaBHTeAbCTBO AOAmHO 6blTb peBoAwgHoHHoM
AHKTaTypoM npOAeTapHaTaH KpeCTb.HHCTBa.
T OAbKO AHKTa'Iypa aTHX peBoAlOgHOHHbIX KAac-
COB 6y AeT B COCTO.HHHH 06Y3AaTb H nOAaBHTb
TeMHbIe CHAbI peaKgHH, BOOpY2KHTb HapoA,
OCYI}JeCTBHTb nporpaMMY-MHHHMYM pCApn, 3a-
KpenHTb n06eAY peBoAwgHH, AOBeCTH ee /J,O
KOHga.
"ECJl.H BomAeM peBoAlOgHH, - rOBopHT
CTa.1\HH, - .HBAHeTC.H nepeAOBOH npOAeTapHaT H
eCAH OH AOA2KeH 6y AeT npHH.HTb aKTHBHoe yqa-
CTHe B opraHH3agHH BOCCTaHH.H, - TO caMO c060M
JICHO, qTO MbI He MOJKeM, YMbIB PYKH, OTCTpa-
HHTbC.H OT BpeMeHHoro peBoJl.lOgHoHHoro npa-
BHTeAbCTBa, MbI AOAmHbI 6y AeM BMeCTe C Kpe-
CTb.HHCTBOM 3aBoeBaTb nOAHTHqeCKYIO BAaCTb H
npHHHTb yqaCTHe BO Bpe leHHOM npaBHTeAb-
34

CTBe *: B02KAb peBoJl.lOgHOHHOI'i Y J\Hgbl AOJl.meH
6bITb TaKme B02KAeM H B npaBHTeAbCTBe peBD-
.1\IOgHH" 1.
B 60pb6e C MHOrOqHCAeHHbIMH BparaMH 60.1\b-
meBHcTcKOM napTHH H pa60qero KAacca CTaAHH
1I0CJl.eAOBaTeAbHO OTCTaHBaeT H pa3BHBaeT Ae-
,HHHCKYW TeopHIO peBOJl.wgHH, J1.eHHHCKHM TaK-
THqeCKHM nJ\aH. BeAHqaMIIIee ,lI;OCTOHHCTBO aToro
nJl.aHa COCTO.H.1\O B TOM, qTO OH 3aMe'IaTe.1\bHO
BepHO OTBeqaJl. PYCCKOM AeMCTBHTe.1\bHOCTH, nOA-
HHMaJl. Ha 60pb6y IIIHpOKHe HapOAHbIe MaCCbI,
BOOAYIIIeBJI..HJI. HX YBepeHHOCTblO B 1I06eAe,
ABHraJl. peBO.1\IOgHIO BlIepeA.
KaBKa3CKHM COlO3HbIM KOMHTeT HeYCTaHHO
rrponaraHAHpOBaA peIIleHH.H III C'be3Aa napTHH,
3BaA pa60qHX H KpeCTbHH K BOOPY2KeHHOMY
BOCCTaHHIO. CTa.1\HHCKHe J1.HCTOBKH 1905 rOAa-
06pa3eg nponaraHAbI HAeH: 60.1\bIIleBH3Ma B Mac-
cax. B CBOHX CTaTb.HX "BOOPY2KeHHOe BOCCTaHHe
H HaIIla TaKTHKa", "BpeMeHHoe peBoAwgHoHHoe
npaBHTeJl.bCTBO H cogHaA-AeMOI{paTH.H", "PeaK-
!!H.H YCHJ\HBaeTC.H" H APyrHx CTaAHH nOABep-
raeT cOKpYIIIHTeAbHoM KpHTHKe MeHbIIleBHCT-
CKUX J\HAepOB, rrOCJl.eAOBaTeJl.bHO OTCTaHBaeT H
* .3,1teCh Mb! HC K8CaCMCJI npHHgHnHaJ\hHoH CTOpOHI>I SToro BO-
npoea.
1 H. B. Cma.ll.UH. CO'lHHeHHJI, T. 1, CTp. 258-259.
n.
.,
35

nponaraHAHpyeT He06xo,lJ,HMOCTb BoopymeHHoro
BOCCTaHH.H.
OKT.H6pbCKa.H Bce06I}Ja.H 3a6aCTOBKa 1905 rOAa,
nOKa3aBIIIaH CHAY, MOI}Jb npOAeTapCKoro ABHme-
HH.H, 3aCTaBH.1\a HaCMepTb nepenyraHHoro gap.H
BbIcTynHTb C MaHHq>ecToM 17 OKT.H6p.H. BTOT
MaHHq>ecT, 06eI}JaBllIHM HapoAY BC.HqeCKMe CBO-
60AbI, 6bIA 06MaHOM HapOAHbIX Macc, gap-
cKoM YJl.OBKOM, CEoero pOAa nepeAbIIIIKOM, He06-
XOAMMOM gaplO AMI Toro, qT06bI YCbInHTb
.1\erKOBepHbIX, BblHrpaTb BPeM.H' c06paTbC.H C CH-
AaMH H nOTOM y AapHTb no peBoAlOgHH. BOAbIIle-.
BHKM pa3'bHCHHAH MaccaM, qTO MaHHclJ ecT 17 OK-
T.H6p.H - AOBYIlIKa. "OKT.H6pbcKHM MaHHq>ecT"
3aCTaeT CTaAHHa B THq>.1\HCe B pa3rape 60pb6bI
3a AeHHHcKHM TaKTHqecKHM nAaH, 3a 60AbIIle-
BHCTCKHe A03YHrH peBoJ\.lOgHH. B TOT me AeHb,
BbIcTyna.H Ha pa60qeM MHTHHre, CTaAHH rOBopHA:
"LITO HY2KHO HaM, qT06bI AeMCTBHTe.1\bHO no-
6eAHTb? AJI..H aToro HymHbl TPH BeI}JH: nepBoe-
BoopymeHHe, BTopoe - BoopymeHHe, TpeTbe -
eI}Je H eI}Je pa3 BoopymeHHe" 1.
OTCTaHBa.H MbIC.1\b 0 He06xoAHMOCTH AAH
n06eAbI peBoAwgHH BceHapOAHoro BOOpymeH-
Horo BOCCTaHH.H, CTaJl.HH B HanHcaHHoM HM
1 n l1CTO PHJI BKD(6). KpaTKHH KYpC", CTp. 78.
36

npoKJl.aMagHH THq>AHCCKoro KOMHTeTa KaBKa3-
CKoro COlO3a PC,4pn "fpam.AaHe!" B OKT.H6pe
1905 rOAa rOBOpHJI. CJl.eAYWl}Jee:
"He6bIBaAa.H, 6ecnpHMepHa.H no cBoeM rpaH-
AH03HOCTH He TOJl.bKO B HCTOpHH POCCHH, HO H
Bcero . MHpa, Bce06I}Ja.H nOJl.HTHqeCKa.H CTaqKa,
pa3bIrpaBllla.HC.H Tenepb, MomeT, nOma.1\YH,
3aKOHqHTbC.H CerOAH.H, He BbIJl.HBIIIHCb BO Bce-
HapOAHoe BOCCTaHHe, HO aTO AHIIlb C TeM, qTO-
6bI 3aBTpa CHOBa H C 60AbIIlei:i cHAOM nOTp.HCTH
CTpaHY H BbI.1\HTbC.H B TO rpaHAH03Hoe BOOpy-
m.eHHOe BOCCTaHHe, KOTopoe AOAmHO pa3peIIlHTb
BCKOBYIO T.Hm.6y PYCCKOro HapoAa C gapcKHM
caMOAepmaBHeM H pa3M03mHTb rOAOBY STOMY
rHYCHOMY qy AOBHI}JY... BceHapoAHoe BOOPymeH-
Hoe BOCCTaHHe-BOT Ta BeJl.HKa.H 3aAaqa, KOTO-
pa.H CTOHT B HaCTOHI}Jee BpeMR nepeA pOCCHMCKHM
npO.1\eTapHaTOM H BAaCTHO Tpe6yeT CBoero pa3-
peIIleHH.H!" 1.
B aTO BpeM.H CTaJl.HH npOBOAHJI. orpOMHYW
peBoJl.lOgHOHHYIO pa60TY B 3aKaBKa3be. nOA
PYKOBOACTBOM CTaAHHa IV 60Jl.bIIleBHCTCKa.H
KOHq>epeHgH.H KaBKa3cKoro COW3a PC4pn
(HOR6pb 1905 1'.) BbIHOCHT peIIleHHe 06 YCH-
J1.eHHH 60pb6bI 3a nOAroToBKY H npoBeAeHHe
1 H. B. Cma.ll.un. CO'lHHCHHH, T. 1, CTp. 186.
37

-
BOOPymeHHorO BOCCTaHH.H, 3a 60MKoT gapcKoH
4YMbI, 3a pa3BepTbIBaHHe H YKpen.1\eHHe peBOAIo-
gHOHHbIX opraHH3agHM pa60qHX H KpeCTb.HH-
COBeTOB pa60qHX AenYTaTOB, CTaqeqHbIX KOMHTe-
TOB, peBoJl.lOgHOHHbIX KpeCTb.HHCKHX KOMHTeTOB.
CTaAHH pa306AaqaA H rpOMHA lVIeHbIlleBHKOB,
KaK npOTHDHHKOB peBOJ\.lOgHH H BoopymeHHoro
BOCCTaHHH. ()H HeYKAOHHO rOTOBH.1\ pa60qHX
K peIIlHTeAbHOMY 60w C caMoAepmaBHeM. no
BceMY 3aKaBKa3blO paCIIpOCTpaHH.1\OCb nJl.aM.H
peBoJl.lOgHoHHoro nomapa. EI}Je III C'be3,1!; napTHM
B npeAA02KeHHoM J\eHHHbI pe30AIOgHH "no
nOBoAY C06bITHH Ha KaBKa3e". oc060 BbIAeAHJI.
AeHTeAbHOCTb 60AbIIleBHCTCKHX opraHH3agHH
3aKaBKa3b.H, KaK "HaH60J\.ee 60eBbIX opra-
HH3agHM HallIeM napTHH" , H npH3BaA BCIO
napTHIO K OKa3aHHIO HM BceMepHoM nOA-
AepmKH. .
B AeKa6pe 1905 rOAa CTaJl.HH eAeT B KaqeCTBe
,l!;eAeraTa OT 3aKaBKa3CKHX 60.1\bIlleBHKOB Ha
nepBYIO BcepoccHMCKYW 60Jl.bIlleBHcTcKYW KOH-
q>epeHgMIO' B TaMMepq>opce (<PHHJ\..HHAH.H). Ha
T aMMepq>opccKOH KOHq>epeHgHH BnepBbIe J1.HqHO
BCTpeTH.1\HCb AeHHHH CTaJl.HH. Ha aToM KOHq>e-
peHgHH TOB. CTa.1\HH 6bIJI. H36paH B nOAHTHqe-
CKYIO KOMHCCHIO no peAaKTHpoBaHHIO pe3D-
AlOgHM KOHq>epeHgHH, r,l!;e pa60TaA BMeCTe C
38

-
AeHHHbIM, KaK OAHH H3 BbIAawJgHXCH napTHH-
HbIX PYKoBoAHTeAeM.
noc.1\e nopam.eHH.H AeKa6pbCKoro BOCCTaHH.H
HaqaAC.H rrOBopOT K rrOCTeneHHOMY oTcTyn.1\e-
HHlO peBO.1\IOYHH. B napTHH HAeT nOArOTOBKa K
IV C'be3AY PC4pn. Eopb6a Mem.AY 60Jl.bIIIeBH-
KaMH H MeHbIIIeBHKaMH pa3rOpaeTC.H C HOBOH:
CHAOH. Ha cgeHY BbIUJl.bIBaWT aHapXO-CHHAMKa-
AHCTCKHe aJl.eMeHTbI. OHM oc06eHHO HaIJHHalOT
IIIYMeTb B ","q>AHce. CTaJl.HH-B geHTpe 60pb-
6bI rrpOTHB Bcex aHTHrrpO.1\eTapCKHX TeqeHMM
B 3aKaBKa"e,:
CTaAHH -; rHBHbIH yqaCTHHK IV Cbe3Aa
PCAPO ( )roKrOJl.bM, arrpeJl.b 1906 1'.), Ha KOTO-
pOM OH BMeCTe C AeHHHbIM OTCTaHBaA rrpOTHB
MeHbIIIeBHKOB 60Jl.bIIIeBHCTCKYIO AHHHJO B peBD-
J1.lOgHH. OTBeqaH MeHbIIleBHKaM, CTaAHH IIOCTa-
BHJI. Borrpoc pe6pOM:
"HAH rereMOHH.H rrpOJl.eTapHaTa, HAH rereMD-
HHH AeMoKpaTHqeCKOIf 6ypmya3HH-BOT KaK
CTOHT Bonpoc B napTHH, BOT B qeM HallIH pa3-
Hor .1\ a CM.H" 1.
BCKope nOCAe C'be3Aa CTaAHH HanHcaA 6po-
II1lOpy "CoBpeMeHHbIH MOMeHT H 06'beAMHHTeAb-
HbIH C'be3A pa60qeH napTHH". B aToM 6poIIllOpe
1 11. B. Cmo.ll!m. CO'lHHCHHJI. T. I, CTp. 24).
39

CTaAHH AaJl. aHaJ\.H3 ypOKOB AeKa6pbCKoro
BoopymeHHorO BOCCTaHH.H, 060CHOBaJl. 60AbIIle-
BHCTCKYW AHHHW B peBOJ\.wgHH H nOABeA HTor
pa60TaM IV C'be3Aa pCAPn.
nocJ\.e C'be3Aa CTaAHH BHOBb B .3aKaBKa3be.
OH BeAeT HenpHMHpHMYIO 60pb6y npOTMB MeHb-
weBH3Ma H ApyrHx aHTHnpoAeTapcKHx TeqeHHM.
OH PYKOBOAHT AeraAbHbIMH 60Jl.bWeBHCTCKHMH
ra3eTaMH, BbIXOAHBIllHMH B THq>J1.HCe Ha rpy-
3HHCKOM .H3bIKe,- "AxaAH ijxoBpe6a" ("HoBa.H
LKH3Hb"), "AxaJ\.H 4poe6a" ("HoBoe BpeM.H"),
,,4BeHH ijxoBpe6a" ("HaIIla LKH3Hb"), "Apo"
("BpeM.H").
K aTOMY BpeMeHH OTHOCHTC.H. cepHH 3aMe-
qaTeAbHbIX cTaTeM CTa.ll.HHa - "AHapxH3M HAH
cogHaAH3M?", HanHcaHHbIX B CBH3H C aKTHBH3a-
!!,HeM B .3aKaBKa3be aHapxHcToB-KponoTKHHgeB.
B 06CTaHOBKe cnaAa peBOJl.IO!JHOHHOM BOJ\.HbI
H HacTynHBIIIeM 3aTeM peaKgHH Ha OqepeAb AH.H
CTaAa, KaK HenocpeAcTBeHHa.H napTHMHa.H 3a-
Aaqa, 3aI}JHTa TeOpeTHqeCKHX OCHOB 60AbllIe-
BH3Ma. B 1909 rOAY J\eHHH BbmycKaeT B CBeT
cBOM reHHaAbHbIH TPYA "MaTepHaJl.H3M H aMnH-
pHOKpHTH!!,H3M", B KOTOpOM OH pa306AaqHA AO
KOHga nepepomAeHgeB B 06.1\aCTH TeopHH Map-
KCH3Ma H OTCTO.HA TeOpeTHqeCKHe OCHOBbI 60Jl.b-
weBHcTcKoM napTHH.
40

. - B 3al!!HTY TeOpeTHqeCKHX OCHOB MapKCH3Ma
BbIcTynaeT H CTaJl.HH. B CBOHX CTaTb.HX CTaJl.HH
OTCTaHBaeT H pa3BHBaeT TeopeTHqeCKHe OCHOBbI
MapKCHCTCK0I1 napTHH - AHaAeKTHqeCKHH H HC-
TOpHqeCKHl1 MaTepHaAH3M. BTH CTaTbH CTaAHHa
6bIJlH oriy6.1\HKOBaHbI B 1906-1907 rOAax B
rpY3HHCKHX 60AblIIeBHcTCKHX ra3eTax. B HHX
B AocTynHoH H rrorry Jl.HpHOM q>opMe BbIHCHHeTC.H,
qTO TaKoe MaTepHaJlH3M H AHaJl.eKTHKa, qTO Ta-
Koe HCTOpHqeCKHH MaTepHaJlH3M. C HCKAlOqH-
TeJl.bH0I1 I' J1.y6HHOH rrOCTaBAeHbI H pelIIeHbI B aToH
pa60Te ,KopeHHble BorrpocbI MapKcHCTCKO-J1.eHHH_
CKOH TeopHH: HeH36emHOCTb H HeoTBpaTHMocTb
cogHaJlHCTHqeCKOH peBoJl.rogHH H AHI(TaTypbI rrpe-
JleTapHaTa, He06xoAHMOCTb 60eBoH rrpOJl.eTap-
CKOM rrapTHH, napTHH l-lOBOZO THna, OT .1\HqHOH OT
cTapbIx, pecpopMHCTCKHX napTHH II HHTepHagHo-
HaAa, H3J1.araroTcH OCHOBbI cTpaTerHH H TaKTHKH
rrapTHH. BTH CTaTbH CTaJl.HHa BXOART B HAeHHYro
COKPOBHI!!HHgy HaweH napTHH, KaK cepbe3HblH
BK.1\aA B TeopHro MapKCH3Ma-J1.eHHHH3Ma. OHH
HBAHIOTCH 06pa3goM r .1\y60Koro oCBel!!eHHH BO-
npoCOB TeopHH MapKcH3Ma-AeHHHH3Ma B Hepa3-
pbIBHOM CBR3H C HacYI!!HblMH 3aAaqaMH peBo-
JlrogHoHHoH KJlaCCOBOH 60pb6bI npOJl.eTapHaTa.
B anpeJle - Mae 1907 rOAa COCTOHJlCH
V (AOHAOHCKHH) C'be3A PC4pn, 3aKpenHBlIIHH
4 H. B. CT3J1lfH 41

.
n06eAY 60J\.bIIleBHKOB HaA MeHbllIeBHKaMI1
CTaAHH - aKTHBHbIH yqaCTHHK C'be3Aa. BepHYE
II1HCb nOCAe C'be3Aa, OH ony6J1.HKOBaJl. CTaTbW .
ero pa60Tax- "J\OHAOHCKHH C'bC3A PoccHMcKo
cogHaA-AeMOKpaTHqeCKOH: pa60qeM napTH
(3anHCKH AeJl.eraTa)", B KOTOpOH AaJl. ogeHK
pellIeHHH: H HTorOB C'be3,l1,a, 3aIgHTHA 60AbIIl(
BHCTCKHe HAeMHbIe H TaKTHqeCKHe n03HgHI
pa306J1.aqHJI. J1.H6epaJ\.bHo-6ypmya3HYIO J1.HHHI
MeHbIIleBHKOB B peBoAwgHH H HX AHKBHAaToI
CTBO B OTHoIIleHHH napTHH, nOKa3aJl. KAaccoBYJ
npHpoAY MeHbIlIeBH3Ma, KaK MeAK06ypmya:
Horo nO.1\HTHqeCKOrO TeqeHH.H.
*
I
!I

'I
\,


 JDD[ )
--4
i
"
nr EPBAH PYCCKa.H peBO.1\lOgH.H OKOHqHJI.Cb
nopameHHeM. MemAY KOHgOM nepBOH H
-- - HaqaAOM BTOpOH peBoJl.lOgHH rrpOlllJl.O
10 J1.eT, B TeqeHHe KOTOpbIX 60Jl.bIIleBHKH repoH-
qeCKH H caMooTBepmeHHo, yrropHo H HeYTOMHMO
opraHH30BbIBaJl.H MaccbI, BocrrHTbIBaAH HX B pe-
BO.1\IOgHoHHoM Ayxe, HarrpaBJl.RAH HX 60pb6y,
, KOBaJl.H rp.HAYI!!YIO n06eAY peBOAlOgHH.
4.1\R AeHHHa H CTa.1\HHa aTO 6bIAH rOAbI
HerrpHMHpHMOH 60pb6bI 3a coxpaHeHHe H YKpen-
.IleHHe HeAera.1\bHoM peBOJl.lOgHoHHoH rrapTHH, 3a
rrpoBeAeHHe 60AbIIleBHcTcKOH .IlHHHH B HOBOH
06cTaHoBKe, rOAw HarrpRmeHHOM pa60TM no
opraHH3agHH H BocrrHTaHHIO pa60qHX Macc,
rOAbI OC06eHHo yrropHoM 60pb6bl C gapcKoH
nOAHgHeM. !JapH3M qYBCTBOBa.1\, qTO B AHge
4.
43

CTaAHHa 'OH HMeeT AeJl.o C KpynHeMIIIHM peBO-
J1.lOgHOHHbIM Ae.HTeJl.eM, H BC.HqeCKH CTpeMHJl.CH
J1.HllIHTb CTaAHHa B03MomHOCTH BeCTH peBO.1\W-
gHOHHYIO pa60TY. ApecTbI, TwpbMa H CCbIJ\.Ka
cAeAoBaAH Apyr 3a ApyrOM. C 1902 AO 1913 rOAa
CTaJl.HH apecToBbIBaAcH ceMb pa3, 6bIA B cCbIAKe
II1eCTb pa3, 6emaA H3 CCbIAKH nHTb pa3.
He ycneBaAH gapcKHe OnpHqHHKH BOABOpHTb
CTaAHHa Ha HOBoe MeCTO CCbIAKH, KaK OH BHOBb
6emHT H CHOBa Ha "BOAe" KyeT peBoAlOgHOHHYIO
aHeprHIO Macc. TOAbKO H3 nocJl.eAHdi:, TYPY-
xaHCKOH, CCbIAKH CTaAHHa oCB060AHAa q>eBpaAb-
CKa.H peBoJl.wgH.H 1917 rOAa.
C HIOA.H 1907 rO,1ta HaqHHaeTC.H 6aKHHcKHH ne-
pHOA peBoJl.lOgHoHHOM Ae.HTeJ\.bHocTH CTaJl.HHa.
BepHYBIIIHcb C V (AOHAoHcKoro) C'be3Aa PCAPn,
CTaAHH OCTaBJI..HeT THq>J\.HC H no BOAe napTHH
060CHoBbIBaeTC.H B BaKY - caMOM KpynHoM npo-
MbIllIAeHHOM paMoHe 3aKaBKa3b.H H BamHeHIIIeM
geHTpe pa60qero ABHmeHHH B POCCHH. 3Aecb
OH BeAeT KHnyqyw pa60TY no CnAOqeHHIO 6a-
KHHcKoM opraHH3agHH BOKpyr A03YHroB AeHHHa,
no 3aBoeBaHHIO pa60qHX Macc nOA 3HaMH 60Ab-
II1eBH:3Ma. CTaAHH opraHH3yeT 60pb6y no BbI-
TeCHeHHW MeHbIIleBHKOB H3 pa60qHX paMoHoB
BaKY (BaJ\.axaHbl, BH6H-BM6aT, 4epHbIM ropoA,
BeAbIM ropOA). CTaJl.HH PYROBOAHT 60Jl.bIIleBHCT-
44

CKHMH HeJl.eraJl.bHbIMH H J1.eraAbHbIMH opraHaMH
( 1:' '" n "'" r " B
"DaKHHCKHH p0Jl.eTapHH,,, YAOK, " aKHH-
CKHM Pa60qHM"). CTaJl.HH PYKOBOAHT KaMnaHHeH
no BbI60paM B III f ocy AapCTBeHHYW AYMY. Ha-
UHcaHHbIM CTaJl.HHbIM "HaKa3 cogHaJl.-AeMOKpa-
THqeCKHM AenYTaTaM III rOCYAapcTBeHHoM AYMbI"
npHHHMaeTC.H 22 CeHT.H6p.H Ha c06paHHH ynoA-
HOMOqeHHbIX OT pa60qeM KypHH B BaKY. CTaJl.HH
HanpaBJI..HeT 60pb6y 6aKHHCKHX pa60qHX. Ero
PYKOBOACTBO 60AbIIlOM KaMnaHHeM BOKpyr COBe-
l!!aHH.H MemAY pa60qHMH H Heq>TenpOMbIIIlAeHHH-
KaMH npH 3aKAIOqeHHH KOAJl.eKTHBHoro AoroBO-
pa - 6J1.ecT.HI!!HM 06pa3eg npOBeAeHH.H rH6KoM
J1.eHHHCKOH AHHHH Ha COqeTaHHe HeJl.eraAbHoM
H J1.eraJl.bHOM pa60TbI B YCJl.OBHHX peaKgHH.
YMeAO npOBO,lJ,H J1.eHHHCKYIO TaKTHKY M06HJl.H-
3agHH pa60qHX Macc Ha nOAHTHqeCKYIO 60pb6y
npoTHB !,!apCKOH MOHapXHH, CTaJl.HH A06HACH
n06eAbI60Jl.bWeBHKOB B aTOM KaMnaHHH. B Mpaq-
HYIO HOqb CTOAbIITHHCKOH peaK!,!HH npoAeTapcKHH
EaKY npeACTaB.I\..HeT HeBHAaHHoe 3peAHl!!e: pa3-
BepTbIBaeTC.H npoAeTapCKa.H 60pb6a, Ha BCIO
POCCHIO rpeMHT roJl.oc CTaAHHCKoro AeTHI}Ja-
J1.eraAbHbIX 60AbweBHcTcKHX ra3eT. "nOcAeAHHe
MorHKaHe MaccoBOM nO.l\.HTHqeCKOM CTaqKH!"l-
1 B. H. JleHUH. CO'lHHCHHJI, T. XV, H3A. 3-e, CTp. 33.
45

TaK XapaKTepH3yeT AeHHH repOHqeCKYlO 60pb6y
6aKHHCKHX pa60qHX B 1908 rOAY.
CTaJl.HH CnJl.aqHBaeT BOKpyr ce6.H KpenKoe
.HAPO HcnbITaHHbIX 60J\.bIIleBHKoB-AeHHHgeB-
<PHoJ\.eToBa, CapaToBga (Eq>HMOB), BageKa, Eo-,
KOBa, MaAbIrHHa, OpAmoHHKHA3e, 4 mana pHA.3e,
lllaYMHHa, CnaHAap.HHa, XaHAapa, MeMeAoBa,
A3H36eKoBa, K.H3H-MaMeAa HAp. CTaAHH AO-
6HBaeTC.H B KOHge KOHgOB nOJl.HOH n06eAW
60J\bIIleBH3Ma B pJlAax 6aKHHCKOH opraHH3agHH.
BaKY npeBpaI}JaeTC.H B gHTaAeJl.b 60J\.bIIleBH3Ma.
nOA PYKOBOACTBOM CTa.1\HHa 6aKHHcKHM npo-
J1.eTapHaT BeAcT repOHqeCKYlO 60pb6y,HaXOAHCb
B nepBbIX p.HAaX o6I}JepoccHMcKoro peBOAIo-
gHoHHoro ABHmeHH.H.
BaKHHcKHM nepHoA HMeeT KpynHeMIIIee 3Ha-
qeHHe B 2B.H3HH H Ae.HTe.1\bHOCTH CTaAHHa. BOT
qTO rOBopHT CTaAHH 06 aTOM nepHoAe:
"ABa rOAa peBoJl.lOgHoHHoM pa60TbI cpeAH
pa60qHX Heq>T.HHOM npoMbIIIIAeHHoCTH 3aKaAHAH
MeHH, KaK rrpaKTHqeCKOrO 60pga H OAHoro H3
rrpaKTHqeCKHX PYKOBO,lJ,HTeAeM. B 06I}JeHHH C
TaKHMH nepeAOBbIMH pa60qHMH EaKY, KaK BageK,
CapaToBeg HAp., C OAHOM CTOpOHbI, H B 6ype
r.1\y60qaMIIIHX KOHq>AHKTOB Me mAY pa60qm.m H
Heq>TenpoMbIllIAeHHMKaMH - C APyroM CTOpOHbI,
.H BnepBbIe Y3HaJl., qTO 3HaqHT PYKOBOAHTb
46

60AbIIlHMH MaCCaMH pa60lIHx. TaM, B BaKY, .H
nOJl.yqHA, TaKHM 06pa30M, BTopoe CBOe 60eBoe
peBoAlOgHoHHoe KpeJ,geHHe".
25 MapTa 1908 rOAa CTaJ\HHa apeCTOBbIBaWT
H noCAe nOqTH BOCbMH MeC.HgeB TlOpeMHoro
3aKJl.lOqeHH.H BbICbIJl.aWT Ha ABa rOAa B BoJl.o-
rOACKYW ry6epHHIO, B COAbBbIqerOACK. Y me
24 HWH.H 1909 rOAa OH 6emHT H B03BpaI}JaeTC.H
B BaKY Ha HeJl.eraJl.bHYW pa60TY. CTaJl.HH geAHKoM
nOAAepmHBaeT n03HgHIO J\eHHHa, peIIlHTeAbHO
BbIcrynaeT rrpOTHB J1.HKBHAaTopoB H OT30BHCTOB.
B geHTpaJl.bHoM napTHMHoM npecce nOHBA.HWTC.H
HCTOpMqeCKHe CTaJl.HHCKHe "nHCbMa C KaBKa3a",
B ra3eTe "BaKHHcKHM npoJl.eTapHM" - CTaTbH:
"napTHMHbIM KpH3HC H HaIIlH 3aAaqH", ,,113
rrapTHH" H ApyrHe, B KOTOpbIX CTaJl.HH AaeT
CMeAYIO KPHTHKY COCTO.HHH.H napTHMHbIX opra-
HH3agHM H BbIABHraeT nAaH npeOAoJl.eHH.H KPH-
3Hca B rrapTHl-'I. BTH npoH3BeAeHH.H CTaAHHa
cOAepma'f COKpYIIIHTeJl.bHYIO KPHTHKY J1.HKBHAa-
TOpOB. Ha npHMepe THq>AHCCKHX MeHbIIleBH-
KOB pa306J1.alIaeTC.H peHeraTcTBo AHKBHAaTopoB
B nporpaMMHbIx H TaKTHqeCKHX Bonpocax.
OHH pe3Ko oCY2KAaIOT npeAaTeAbcKoe nOBe-
AeHHe noc06HHKOB TpogKH3Ma H BbIABHrawT
1 "DpaBAa" N2 136, 16 HIOHJI 1925 r.
47

OqepeAHbIe 3aAaqH, OCYI}JeCTBJl.eHHbIe n03AHee
Ha npamcKoM napTHHHoM KOHq>epeHgHH: C03bIB
06I}JenapTHHHOH KOHq>epeHgHH, H3AaHHe J1.eraJ\.b-
HOH napTHMHoM ra3eTbI H c03AaHHe HeJl.eraAbHoro
npaKTHqeCKOrO napTHMHoro geHTpa B POCCHH.
23 MapTa 1910 rOAa CTaAHHa BHOBb apecTo-
BblBaWT B 6aKY H nOCAe noA yroAoBoro TlOpeM-
Horo 3aKAlOqeHH.H OTlIpaBAHlOT 06paTHo B CCbIAKY
B COJl.bBbIqeroAcK. B CCbIAKe CTaJ\.HH CBH3bI-
BaeTCH C AeHHHbIM, nHIIIeT eMY B KOHge 1910 rOAa
nHCbMO, B KOTOpOM geJl.HKoM nOAAepmHBaeT
AeHHHCKYlO TaKTHKY napTHMHoro 6AOKa CTOpOH-
HHKOB coxpaHeHH.H H YKpenJl.eHH.H HeJl.eraAbHoH
npoAeTapcKoM napTHH, pe3KO 6HqyeT "TYXAYIO
6ecnpHHgHnHocTb" TpogKoro, BbIABHraeT nJl.aH
opraHH3agHH pa60Tw napTHH B POCCHH.
Co BTOpOH nOJl.OBHHbI 1911 rOAa HacTynaeT
neTep6yprcKHH nepHoA peBoAwgHoHHoM Ae.H-
TeJ\.bHOCTH TOBapHIga CTaAHHa. 6 CeHT.H6p.H
1911 rOAa TOBapHIg CTaAHH HeJ\.eraAbHO BbIe3-
maeT H3 BOAorAbI B neTep6ypr. B neTep6ypre
TOBapHIg CTaAHH YCTaHaBJl.HBaeT CB.H3H C ne-
Tep6yprcKoH napTHHHoM opraHH3agHeM; Hanpa-
BA.HeT H opraHH3yeT 60pb6y npOTHB AHKBHAa-
TOpOB - MeHbIIleBHKOB H TpOgKHCTOB; CnJl.aqHBaeT
H YKpenJl..HeT 60Jl.bIIleBHCTCKHe opraHH3a!!HH
neTep6ypra. 9 CeHT.H6p.H 1911 rOAa TOBapHIg
48 .
.

CTaJl.HH 6bIJI. apeCTOBaH B neTep6ypre H COCJ\.aH
B BOAoroACKYW ry6epHHIO, OTKYAa eMY YAaJl.OCb
cOBepIIlHTb n06er B q>eBpaAe 1912 rOAa.
B .HHBape 1912 rOAa npOHcxoAHT KpynHeM-
II1ee C06blTHe B mH3HH napTHH. npamCKa.H
KOHq>epeHgH.H PCAPn, H3rHaB H3 napTHH MeHb-
II1eBHKOB, nOAOmHJl.a HaqaAO napTHH HOBoro THna,
rrapTHH AeHHHH3Ma, 60Jl.bIIleBHCTcKOH napTHH.
60Jl.bIIleBHKH rOTOBHAH TaKYW napTH.IO, napTHIO
HOBoro THna, yme co BpeMeH cTapoH "I1CKpbI".
OHH rOTOBHJl.H ee ynopHo, HaCTOMqHBO, HeCMOTp.H
HH Ha qTO. Bc.H HCTOpH 60pb6bI C "aKOHOMH-
cTaMH", MeHbIIleBHKaMH, TpogKHcTaMH, OT30-
BHCTaMH, HAeaAHCTaMH Bcex MacTeM BnAOTb AO
aMIIHpHOKpHTHKOB, - 6bIJl.a HCTopHeM nOArOTOB-
KH TaKoM HMeHHO napTHH. OCHOBHYIO H peIIlalO-
I}JYIO pOJ\.b CbIrpaAH B aTOM nOArOTO:l3HTeJl.bHoM
pa60Te TaKHe TPYAbI AeHHHa, KaK" 4TO AeJl.aTb?",
"War BnepeA, ABa II1ara Ha3aA", "ABe TaKTHKH
cogHaJl.-AeMOKpaTHH B AeMOKpaTHqeCKOM peBO-
AlOgHH", "MaTepHaJl.H3M H aMnHpHoKpHTHgH3M".
CmaAUH 6blA BepHbl.M. copamHUKO.M. Jl.eHuHa B
amou 60pboe C .M.HOlOl.f.UCAeHHbl.M.U Bpala.M.U, Bep-
HOU onopou B 60Pb6e 3a C03/JaHue peBOAlOYUOH-
HOU .M.apKCUCmCKOU napmuu, 60AbweBucmCKOU
napmuu.
*


( ll\V t

. .
n . r P ALKCKA5I KOHq>epeHgM.H npeACKa3aAa
!I B .BOHX peIIleHHHX HeH36emHOCTb B HeA-
__ __ J1.eKOM 6YAYI}JeM peBoAlOgHOHHOt'O nOA'be-
Ma H npHH.HAa Bce MepbI AA.H Toro, 1:lT06bI napTH.H
BCTpeTHJl.a BO BceopymHH STOT nOA'beM.KoH-
<}>epeHgH.H- H36paJ\.a 60Jl.bllIeBHCTCKHM UeHTpaAb-
HbIU KOMHTeT, C03AaJl.a npaKTHqeCKHM geHTp
AJ\..H PYKOBOACTBa peBO.1\lOgHOHHOM pa60TOM B
POCCHH (PYCCKoe 6wpo UK), npHH.HJl.a peIIleHHe
06 H3AaHHH "npaBAbI". KOHq>epeHgH.H 3aOqHO
H36HpaeT CTaJ\HHa, KOTOpbIM yme C 1910 rOAa
HBJI..HAC.H ynoJl.HOMOqeHHbIM UK napTHH ("areH-
TOM UK"), 1:l.1\eHOM UK napTHH. CTaAHH no
npeAJl.OmeHHIO AeHl-lHa B03r AaBA.HeT PyccKoe
61Opo UK. Ho CTaAHH HaXOAH.1\C.H B CCbIAKe,
HaAO 6bIAO opraHH30BaTb ero n06er. no nopy-
50

qeHHIO AeHHHa K CTaJl.HHY B BOJl.or,4Y npHe3-
maeT Cepro OpAmOHHKHA3e, HHq>opMHpyeT
ero 0 peWeHHJiX npamcKoM KOHq>epeHgHH. H
29 <I>eBpaJl..H 1912 rOAa CTaJl.HH BHOBb 6emHT
83 CCbIJl.KH. 3a KopOTKoe BpeM.H npe6bIBaHHH
Ha "BOAe" CTaJl.HH pa3BepTbIBaeT aHeprHIJHYIO
Ae.HTeJl.bHOCTb: 06'be3maeT no nopYIJeHHIO IJ,K
BamHeMIIIHe paMOHbI POCCHH, BeAeT nOArOTOBH-
TeAbHYro .pa60TY K OqepeAHOM "MaeBKe", nHIIIeT
H3BeCTHYW nepBOMaHCKYW AHCTOBKY UK, PYKe-
BOAHT emeaeAe:ll.bHoM 60AbIIleBHCTCKOH ra3eTOH
,,3Be3Aa" BpeTep6ypre B AHH AeHCKHX 3a6a-
.",,'" ..- .
CTOBOK.
MoryqM: opymHeM B pYKax 60Jl.bIIleBHCTCKOH
napTHH B ,4eJl.e YKpenAeHH.H CBOHX opraHH3agHM
H 3aBOeBaHH.H BJl.H.HHH.H B Maccax .HBH.1\aCb
eme,4HeBHa.H MaCCOBa.H 6oAbllIeBHCTCKa.H ra3e'l'a
"npaB,4a", BblXOAHBIIIaH B neTep6ypre. aHa 6bIAa
OCHOBaHa corAaCHO YKa3aHHW J\.eHHHa, no HHH-
gHaTHBe CTaAHHa. nOA PYKOBOACTBOM CTaAHHa
6bIA nOArOTOBAeH nepBbIH HOMep "npaBAbI",
onpeAeJl.eHO ee HarrpaBJl.eHHe.
"
"npaB,4a" pOAHAaCb BMeCTe C HOBbIM nOA'be-
MOM peBoAlOgHoHHoro ABHmeHH.H. 22 anpeA.H
(5 MaH no HOBDMY CTHAW) 1912 rOAa BbIIIIeA
ee nepBbIH HOMep. Eho 6bIAO HaCTO.HI,gHM npa.3,4-
HHKOM ,4AH pa60qHx. B IJeCTb nO.HBJl.eHH.H
51

"npaBAbI" 6bIJl.0 peIIleHO CqHTaTb 5 Ma.H AHeM
npa3AHHKa paOoqeM neqaTH.
""npaBAa" 1912-1'0 rOAa-aTO 3aKJ\.aAKa
q>YHAaMeH'ra AJ\..H n06eAbi 60AbIIleBH3Ma B
1917 rOAY", - nHCaJl. TOBapHIg CTaAHH B AeHb
AeC.HTHAeTH.H "npaBAbI" 1.
22 anpeJ\..H 1912 rOAa CTaAHHa apeCTOBaJl.H
B neTep6ypre Ha Y AHge H nOCAe HeCKOAbKHX
MeC.HgeB 3aKAwqeHH.H B TlOpbMe BbICJl.aAH Ha
STOT pa3 AaJ\.bllIe - B HapbIMcKHM KpaH: Ha TPH
rOAa. Ho yme 1 ceHTH6p.H 1912 rOAa CTaAHH
BHOBb 6emHT H3 CCbIJ\.KH B nHTep. 3Aecb OH
peAaKTHpyeT 60AbIIleBHcTcKYW ra3e-ry "npaBAa",
PYKOBOAHT Ae.HTeJl.bHOCTblO 60Jl.bIIleBHKoB B H36H-
paTeJl.bHOH KaMnaHHH B IV focYAapcTBeHHYw
AYMY. npeCJl.eAyeMbIM no n.HTaM nOAHgHeM,
C. 60Jl.bIIlHM pHCKOM CTaAHH BbIcTynaeT Ha'
p.HAe J1.eTyqHX c06paHHM Ha 3aBOAax. Ho pa-
60qHe opraHH3agHH H caMH pa60qHe oxpa-
H.HIOT CTaAHHa H orpamAalOT ero OT no-
J1.HgUH.
KpynHeMIIIYIO pOAb B aToM KaMnaHHH, YBeH-
qaBIIIeMC.H n06eAoM napTHH, cbIrpaA HanHcaH-
HbIH CTaAHHbIM "HaKa3 neTep6yprcKHx pa60qHX
cBoeMY pa60qeMY AenYTaTY", KOTOPOMY CTOAb
1 ..Dp8BA8" Nil 98, 5 1I!8J1 1922 r.
52

B"bICOKYIO ogeHKY AaA AeHHH. OTlIpaBA.H.H
"HaKa3" AJI..H neqaTIf B THnorpaq>HlO, AeHHH nH-
caA: "HenpeMeHHo 8epHymbl! He HCnaqKaTb.
KpauHe 8a:JICHO coxpaHHTb aToT AOKYMeHT" .
B nHCbMe peAaKgHIf "npaBAbI" AeHHH YKa-
3bIBaA: "HenpeMeHHo nOMeCTlfTe aTOT HaKa3
rreTep6yprcKoMY AenYTaTY Ha BHAHOM MeCTe
KpynHblM II1pHq>TOM" 1. CTaAHHcKHM "HaKa3" Ha-
nOMHHaA pa60qHM 0 Hepa3peIIleHHbIX 3aAaqaX
1905 rOAa If npH3bIBA HX K peBoAlOgHoHHoH
60pb6e, K 60pb6e Ha ABa q>pOHTa -"-- KaK npOTHB
gapcKoro npaBHTeJl.bCTBa, TaK H npOTHB J1.H6e-
paAbHOM 6ypmya3HH, HIgYI}JeH cor AaIIleHH.H C
gapH3MOM. nOCAe BbI60pOB CTaJ\.lfH BeAeT pa-
60TY no PYKOBOACTBY 60Jl.bIIleBHCTCKOM qaCTblO
AYMCKOM q>paKgHH. BMecTe co CTa.1\HHbIM B nH-
Tepe pa60TalOT .fl. CBepAJ\OB H B. MOAOTOB,
npHHHMalOI}JHe aKTHBHoe yqaCTHe B PYKOBOACTBe
"npaBAoM", H36HpaTeJl.bHOM KaMnaHHeM If AYM-
CKOM q>paKgHeH. B aTOT nepHoA MemAY AeHHHbIM
H CTaJl.HHbIM YCTaHaBAHBaeTC.H eI}Je 60J\.ee TeCHa.H
CB.H3b. B CBOHX nHCbMax AeHHH nOAHOCTbIO
OA06p.HeT Ae.HTeAbHOCTb CTaAHHa, ero BbICTY-
nAeHHH, ero CTaTbH. CTaAHH ABamAbI ye3maeT
B KpaKOB K AeHHUY: B HOH6pe H B KOHge

1 B. H. JleHUH. CO'lI:HeHHH, T. XXIX, HSA. 3-c, CTp. 78.
53

AeKa6p.H 1912 rOAa Ha cOBeI}JaHH.H QK C nap-
THMHbIMH pa6OTHHKaMH.
HaxoI\HCb 3a rpaHHgeM, CTaAHH nHIIIeT pa-
60TY "MapKcH3M .H HagHoHaJl.bHbIM Bonpoc",
KOTOpylO J\eHHH OqeHb BbICOKO ogeHHBaA. AeHHH
nHcaA 06 aToM pa60Te: "B TeopeTHqecKoM
MapKcHCTCKOH: J\.HTepaType... OCHOBbI HagHoHaJl.b-
HOM nporpaMMbI C.-A" yme 6bIJl.H oCBeI}JeHbI 3a
nocJ\.eAHee BpeM.H (B nepBYro rOJl.OBY 3Aecb Bbl-
ABHraeTC.H CTaTb.H CTaJ\.HHa)" 1. P a60Ta CTaJl.HHa
"MapKcH.3M H Hagl1oHaJ\.bHbIM Bonpoc" .HBHJl.aCb
KpynHeMIIIHM BbIcTYIIAeHHeM 60AbIIleBH3Ma no
HagHoHaJ\.bHoMY Bonpocy Ha Me2KAYHapoAHoM
apeHe AO BOMHbI. 9mo OblAa meopuR U npOlpa.M.-
.M.HaR /(eK.AapaUUR OO.AbWeOU.3.Ma no HaUUOHa.Ab-
HOJt.g Bonpocg. Pe3Ko H CHAbHO B aToM pa60Te
6bIJl.H npOTHBonOCTaBAeHbI ABa MeToAa, ,lJ,Be
nporpaMMbI, ABa MHpOB033peHH.H B HagHoHaJl.b-
HOM Bonpoce - II I1HTepHagHoHaAa H AeHHHH3Ma.
CTaAHH BMeCTe C J\eHHHbIM pa3rpOMHJI. onnop-
TYHHCTHqeCKHe B3r A.HAbI H AorMbl II I1HTepHa-
gHoHaAa no HagHoHa.1\bHOMY Bonpocy. AeHHHbIM
H Ora.M1HbIM 6bIJl.a pa3pa60TaHa MapKCHCTCKaH
nporpaMMa no HagHoHaAbHOMY Bonpocy. B eBoeM
pa60Te CTaAHH AaJ\. MapKCHCTCKYW TeopHIO Ha-
1 B. H. Jl.eHUH. CO'lHHemI:JI, T. XVII, H.9A. 3-e, CTp. 116.
54

gHH, cq>OPMYJl.HpOBaJl. OCHOBbI. 60JlbIIleBHCTCKoro
nOAxoAa K peIIleHHIO HaYHOHaJl.bHOro Bonpoca
(Tpe60BaHHe paCCMaTpHBaTb HagHoHaJl.bHwM BO-
npoc KaK qaCTb o6I}Jero Bonpoca 0 peBOAWYHH
H B Hepa3pbIBHOM CB.H3H CO BceH MemAYHapoAHOH
06C'I.'aHOBKOH anOXH HMnepHaJl.H3Ma), 060CHOBaJl.
60AbIIleBHCTCKHH npHHgHn"HHTepHagHoHaJl.bHoro
CnJl.OqeHH.H pa60qHx.
23 q>eBpaAH 1913 rOAa CTaAHH 6blJl. apeCTO-
BaH Ha Be1J:epHHKe, YCTpoeHHoH neTep6yprcKHM
KOMHTeTOM 60Jl.bIIleBHKOB B 3aJle Ka.l\.aIIlHHKOB-
CKOM 6Hp2lm. Ha aTOT pa3 gapcKoe npaBHTeJl.b-
CTBO BbICbIAaeT CTaJl.HHa B AaAeKHH TypyxaH-
CKRH KpaH Ha qeTbIpe rOAa. CTaJl.HH BHaqaAe
mHBeT B CTaHKe KOCTHHO, a 3aTeM, B HaqaJl.e
1914 rOAa, gapcKHe maHAapMbI, onaCa.HCb HO-
BOl'O , n06era, nepeBO,lJ,HT ero eIge ceBepHee-
B CTaHOK KypeHKa, K caMoMY nOMIpHOMY Kpyry.
3Aecb OH npoBoAHT 1914, 1915 H 1916 rOAbI.
BTO 6blJl.a CaMa.H T.Hm.eJl.a.H nOAHTHqeCKa.H CCbIAKa,
KaKa.H TOAbKO MOrJl.a 6bITb B rAyxoM cH6HP-
cKoM AaAH.
AeToM 1914 rOAa HaqaJl.aCb HMnepHaAHCTH-
qeCKa.H BORHa. napTHH II. HHTepHagHoHaAa
n030pHO H3MeHHJl.H npOJl.eTapHaTY, nepeIIlJl.H
Ha CTOPOHY HMnepHaJlHCTHqeCKOM 6ypmya3HH.
· T OAbKO AeHHH, 60AbIIleBHKH OCTaAHCb BepHbI
55

60eBOMY 3HaMeHH HHTepHagHoHaAH3Ma, TOJl.bKO
napTH.H 60J\bIIleBHKOB cpa3Y me H 6e3 KOJ\e6a-
HHM nOAH.HJ\.a BHaMH peIIIHTeJ\bHOH 60pb6bI npo-
THB HMnepHaJl.HCTHqeCKOM BOMHbI. OTpe3aHHbIM
OT Bcero MHpa, oTopBaHHblM OT )\.eHHHa H nap-
THHHbIX geHTpoB, CTaAHH 3aHHMaeT J\.eHHHCKYIO
HHTepHagHoHaAHCTCKYIO n03HgHIO no BonpocaM
BOHHbI, MHpa H peBoAlOgHH. OH nHIIIeT nHCbMa
AeHHHY, BbIcTynaeT Ha c06paHH.HX CCbIAbHbIX
60J\bIlIeBHKOB B ceJ\.e MOHacTbIpcKOM (1915 1'.),
I' Ae KJ\eMMHT n030pOM TPycAHBoe H npeAaTeAb-
CKoe nOBeAeHH KaMeHeBa Ha cy Ae HaA 60AbIIle-
BHCTCKOM "nHTepKOM" -AenYTaTaMH IV focy-
AapcTBeHHoM AYMbI. OH npHBeTcTByeT (1916 1'.)
BMeCTe C rpynnoM CCbIAbHbIX 60J\.bIIleBHKOB
AeraJl.bHbIM 60Jl.blIIeBHCTcKHM mypHaJ\. "BonpocbI
CTpaxoBaHHH" , YKa3bIBaH, qTO 3aAaqeM myp-
HaJ\.a .HBJ\.HeTCH npHJl.01KHTb "Bce YCHAH.H H CTa-
paHH.H K AeJ\.Y HAeMHoro cTpaxOBaHH.H pa60qero
KJ\.acca HaIIleM CTpaHbI OT I' J\ y60Ko pa3Bpa-
IgalOI}JeM, aHTHnpOJl.eTapCKoH H B KopHe npoTHBo-
peqaI}JeH npHHgHnaM Me1KAYHapoAHocTH npono-
BeAH 1'1'. nOTpecoBbIx, )\eBHgKHx H n.1\eXaHOBbIx" .
B AeKa6pe 1916 rOAa CTaAHH, M06HAH30-
BaHHblH B apMHIO, no 8Tany HanpaBAHeTcH B
r. KpaCHO.HpCK, a 3aTeM B r. A qHHCK. 3Aecb
ero 3acTacT BeCTb 0 q>eBpaAbcKoM peBoJ\lOgHH.
56

8 MapTa 1917 rOAa CTaJl.HH BbIe3maeT H.3
A qHHCKa, C nYTH II1AeT npHBeTCTBeHHYIO TeJ\e-
rpaMMY AeHHHY B WBeMgapHw.
12 MapTa 1917 rOAa CTaJl.HH, MymecTBeHHo
rrepeHecH Bce HeB3roAbI TypyxaHcKoM CCbIJI.KH,
CHOBa B OHTepe - peBoAlOgHOHHOI1: . cToAHge
POCCHH. UK napTHH nopy'.meT CTaJl.HHY PYKO-
BOACTBO ra3eToM "npaBAa".
napTHH 60AbllleBHKOB TOAbKO qTO BbIllIAa H3
nOAnOJl.bH. MHorHe H3 HaH60.1\ee BHAHbIX H
aKTMBHbIX qJl.eHOB napTHH B03Bpal!!aJl.HCb H3
AaAeKHX CCbIJI.OR H TlOpeM. AeHHH HaXOAHJl.C.H
B sMHrpagHH. 6ypmya3Hoe BpeMeHHoe npaBH-
Te.1\bCTBO 3aAepmHBaJl.O ero npHe3A BC.HqeCKHMH
MepaMH. B STOT OTBeTCTBeHHbIM nepHOA CTaJl.HH
cnJ\.aqHBaeT napTHIO Ha 60pb6y 3a nepepaCTa-
IHe 6YP2Kya3Ho-AeMOIpaTHqeCKOM peBoAlOgHH
B cogHaJl.HCTHqeCKYIO. CTaAHH COBMeCTHO C MOAO-
TOBbIM PYKOBOAHT Ae.HTeJl.bHOCTblO lJeHTpaJ\.bHoro
KOMHTeTa H neTep6yprcKoro KOMHTeTa 60.l\.b-
llIeBHKOB. B CTaTb.HX CTaJl.HHa 60Jl.bIIleBHKH
nO.1\yqalOT npHHgHnHaJl.bHble PYKOBOAHI}JHe YKa-
.3aHH.H AA.H CBoeH pa60TbI. B nepBOH me CTaTbe
,,0 COBeTax pa60qHX H cOAAaTcKHx AenYTaToB"
CTaJl.HH nHcaJ\. 06 oCHoBHoM 3aAaqe napTHH:
"YKpenHTb aTH COBeTbI, CAeAaTb HX nOBce-
MeCTHbIMH, CB.H3aTb HX MemAY C060H BO rJl.aBe
5 H. B. CT8J\HB
57
,.
.«


C geHTpaAbHbIM COBeTOM pa60qHX Ii coJ\AaT-
CKHX AenYTaTOB, KaK opraHOM peBoAlOgHOHHOM
BJl.aCTH HapoAa" 1.
B CTaTbe ,,0 BOMHe" CTaAHH nOKa3aA, qTO
xapaKTep HMnepHaAHCTHqeCKOH BOHHbI He 113Me-
HHJ\.C.H OT nepexoAa BAaCTH B PYKH BpeMeHHoro
npaBHTeJl.bCTBa, qTO BOMHa 1914-1917 rOAOB
H npH 6ypmya3HoM BpeMeHHOM npaBHTeJ\.bCTBe
OCTaeTCH rpa6HTeJl.bCKOM, HecnpaBeAJl.MBOM.
CTaJ\.HH, MOJl.OTOB H ApyrHe BMeCTe C
60J\.bIIlHHCTBOM napTHH OTCTaHBaAH nOJl.HTHKY
HeAOBepH.H HMnepHaJ\.HCTHqeCKOMY BpeMeHHOMY
npaBHTeJl.bCTBY, BbIcTynaJ\.H npOTHB MeHbIIleBHCT-
CKo-acepOBCKoro 060pOHqeCTBa H npOTHB noJ\.Y-
MeHbIIleBHCTCKOH n03HgHH YCJl.OBHOM nOAAepmKH
BpeMeHHoro npaBHTeAbCTBa, KOTOpyW 3aHHMaAH
KaMeHeB H ApyrHe onnopTYHHCTM.
*
1 H. B. Cma.ll.Ulf. CO'lHHCHHJI, T. 3, CTp. 2.
'"

 '
 \V 

.
III
AOPEJ\..H 1917 rOAa, nocJl.e AOAroro
H3rHaHH.H, BepHY.1\C.H B POCCHIO J\.(j)HHH.
BecTb 0 npHe3Ae Aw6HMoro BOm,lJ,H pc-
BOJl.lOgHH 6bIAa BCTpeqeHa nepeAOBbIMH pa60-
qHMH OeTporpaAa C BOCToprOM. HaBCTpeqy
J\.eHHHY, Ha cTaHgHw EeJl.OOCTpOB BbIeXaJl.
TOBapHI,!! CTaAHH C Ae.1\era!,!HeH pa60qHx.
BCTpeqa J\.eHHHa Ha (f)HH.1\HHACKOM BOK3aJl.e B
,OeTporpaAe BbIJl.HJl.aCb B MOI,gHYW peBoAIDgHoH-
HYW AeMoHcTpagHw. Ha APyroH AeHb nocJl.e
npHe3Aa J\.eHHH BbIcTynHJI. C 3HaMeHHTbIMH
AnpeAbCKHMH Te3HcaMH, AaBWHMH napTHH
reHHaAbHbIM nJl.aH 60pb6bI 3a nepexoA OT
6ypmya3Ho-AeMoKpaTHqecKoM peBoJl.lOgHH K pe-
BOMogHH cogHaAHCTHIJecKoM. T e3HCbI J\.eHHHa
AaJl.H napTHH HOBYIO opHeHTHpoBKY B HOBbIX
YCAOBHHX 60pb6bI nOCAe CBepmeHH.H gapH3Ma.
3
5.
59

24 anpeJl..H 1917 rOAa OTKpbIAacb VII (AnpeJl.b-
cKaH) KOHq>epeHgH.H 60AbIIleBHKOB, B OCHOBY
pa60T KOTOPO" Aer AH J1.eHHHCKHe Te3HCbI. AnpeAb-
CKa.H KOHq>epeHgH.H HageAHAa napTHIO Ha 60pb6y
3a nepepacTaHHe 6ypmya3Ho-AeMOKpaTHqeCKOM
peBoJl.lOgHH B cogHaAHCTHqecKYIO.
Ha KOHq>epeHgHH CTaAHH, peIIIHTeAbHo 3aI}JH-
IgaH AeHHHCKYIO AHHHIO Ha cogHaAHCTHqecKYIO
peBoJ\.lOgHIO, pa306AaqHA onnopTYHHCTHqecKYIO,
aHTHeHHHcKYIO AHHHIO KaMeHeBa, PbIKoBa H HX
HeMHOrOqHCAeHHbIX eAHHOMbIllIAeHHHKOB. KpoMe
Toro CTaAHH BbIcTynHA Ha 'KoHq>epeHgHH C AOKJl.a-
AOM no HagHoHaAbHoMY Bonpocy. Pa3BHBa.H nOCAe-
AOBaTeAbH'yw MapKcHcTcKo-AeHHHcKYIO J1.HHHW B
HagHoHaJ\.bHoM Bonpoce, CTaAHH 060CHOBaA 60Ab-
II1eBHCTCKYIO HagHoHaAbHYIO nOAHTHKY, OTCTaH-
BaJ\. npaBO HagHM Ha caMoonpeAeAeHHe BnJ\.OTb
AO oTAeAeHHH H 06pa30BaHHH caMOCTOHTeAbHbIX
rocy AapCTB. J\e HH HCKO-CTaAH HCKa.H HagHoHaAb-
HaH nOJ\.HTHKa 06eCneqHJl.a napTHH nOAAepmKY
yrHeTeHHbIx HagHoHaAbHocTeM B BeAHKoM OK-
T.H6pbCKOH cogHaAHcTHqecKoM peBoAlOgHH.
B Mae 1917 rOAa, nOC.1\e KOHq>epeHgHH,
yqpemAaeTC.H nOAHT61OpO !JK, KY Aa CTaAHH
BbI6HpaeTC.H B KaqeCTBe ero qAeHa. C Tex nop
H AO HaCTO.HI}Jero BpeMeHH CTaAHH HeH3MeHHO
H36HpaeTC.H qAeHOM nOAHT61OpO W,K. '
60

napTH.H, Ha OCHOBe peIIleHHH Anpe.l\.bcKoH
KOHq>epeHgHH, pa3BepTbIBaeT orpOMHYIO pa60TY
no 3aBoeBaHHW Macc, no 60eBOMY HX BocnHTa-
HHIO H opraHH3agHH.
B aTOT CJ\omHbIH nepHoA peBoAlOgHH, KO-
f' Aa C06bITH.H CTpeMHTeAbHO II1J1.H BnepeA, Tpe-
6y.H OT napTHH YMeAoM, rH6KOM TaKTHKH,
AeHHH H CTaAHH PYKOBO,lJ,HT 60pb60M Macc.
,,51 BcnOMHHalO 1917 rOA,-roBopHJI. CTaJl.HH,-
Kor Aa .H BOAeH naPTHH, nocJl.e cKHTaHHM no
TwpbMaM H CCbIJl.KaM, 6bIA nepe6poIIleH B Ae-
HHHrpaA. TaM, B Kpyry PYCCKHX pa60qHX, npH
HenocpeAcTBeHHoH 6J1.H30CTH C BeAHKHM yqHTe-
AeM npoAeTapHeB Bcex cTpaH-T. AeHHHbIM, B
6ype BeAHKHX CXBaTOK rrpOJl.eTapHaTa H 6ypmya-
3HH, B 06cTaHoBKe HMnepHaJl.HCTHqeCKOM BOMHbI,
.H BnepBbIe HayqHAC.H nOHHMaTb, qTO 3HalIHT
6bITb OAHHM H3 PYKoBoAHTeAeM. BeJ\.HKoM napTHH
pa60qero KJl.aCca. TaM, B Kpyry PYCCKHX pa-
60qHX - oCB060AHTeJl.eH yrHeTeHHbIX HapoAoB
H 3acTpeAb,!!HKoB npoAeTapcKoM 60pb6bI Bcex
cTpaH H HapoAoB, .H nOJl.yqHJI. CBOe TpeTbe 60e-
Boe peBoAwgHoHHoe KpeI}JeHHe. TaM, B POCCHH,
nOA PYKOBOACTBOM AeHHHa, .H CTaA OAHHM H3
4MacTepoB OT peBoJl.wgHH" 1.
1 "DpaBAa" N2 136. 16 HIOHJI 1926 r.
61

CTaAHH - B geHTpe BceM npaKTHqeCKOH
pa60TbI napTHH. KaK qAeH !JK, OH npHHHMaeT
HenocpeAcTBeHHoe PYKOBOAHIgee yqaCTHe B pa- .
60Te neTporpaACKoro KOMHTeTa napTHH, PYKo-
BOAHT "npaBAoM", nHllIeT CTaTbH B "npaBAe" H
"CoAjJ,aTcKoM npaBAe", HanpaBA.HeT Ae.HTeJl.b-
HOCTb 60AbllIeBHKOB B MYHHgHnaAbHOM KaMna-
HHH B neTporpaAe. BMecTe C AeHHHblM CTa!,-HH
yqaCTByeT B pa60Tax BcepoccHHcKoM KOHq>epeH-
gHH BoeHHbIX opraHH3agHM napTHH, BbIcTynaeT
TaM C AOKJl.aAOM ,,0 HagHoHaJl.bHOM ABHmeHHH
Ii HagHoHaAbHblX nOJl.Kax". BMeCTe C AeHHHbIM
CTaAHH opraHH3yeT HCTOpHqeCKYIO AeMOHCTpa-
gHW 18 HIOH.H, KOTopa.H npOIIlAa nOA A03YHraMH
60AbIIleBHcT.cKOH napTHH, nHIIIeT OT HMeHH !JK
06paI}JeHHe K pa60qHM H peBoJ\.wgHoHHbIM COJ\.-
AaTaM neTporpaAa. 20 HWH.H I BcepoccHHcKHM
C'be3A COBeToB H36HpaeT TOBapHI}Ja CTaJ\.HHa qAe-
HOM !JeHTpaJ\.bHoro HCnO.1\HMTe.1\bHOrO KOMHTeTa.
nocJl.e HWJl.bCKHX AHeM 1917 1'0Aa, KorAa
J\eHHH, TpaBHMbIH H npecAeAyeMblH KOHTppe-
BOAlOgHOHHbIM BpeMeHHbIM npaBHTeAbcTBoM,
HaxOAHAC.H B nOAnOJl.be, CTaJ\.HH HenocpeAcT-
BeHHO PYKOBOAHA !JeHTpaAbHbiM KOMHTeTOM H
ijeHTpaAbHbIM OpraaoM napTHH, BbIXOAHBIIIHM
B aTO BpeMH nOA pa3HbIMH Ha3BaHHHMH ("Pa-
60qHM H COAAaT", "DpOAeTapHH", "Pa60qHM",
62

"Pa60qHM nYTb"). CTaAHH cnac AJl.H rrapTHH,
AJI..H HaIIlero HapOAa, AJI.H Bcero qeAOBeqeCTBa
AparogeHHYIO mH3Hb AeHHHa, peIIIHTeAbHO BbI-
CKa3aBIIIHCb npOTHB .HBKH AeHHHa Ha cY A
KOHTppeBoAwgHoHepoB, BocrrpoTHBHBWHCb npe,,\-
J1.0meHMlO npeAaTeAeH KaMeHeBa, PbIKoBa, Tpog-
Koro BbIAaTb AeHHHa Ha cY A KOHTppeBoJl.lOgH-
OHHoro BpeMeHHoro npaBHTeJ\.bcTBa.
Pa3rpOM HW.1\bCKOM AeMoHcTpagHH BbI3BaA
nepeJl.OM B' pa3BHTHH peBoJl.wgHH. AeHHH BbI-
pa6aTbiBaeT HOBYIO TaKTHKY napTHH B HOBbIX
.YCJl.OBH.HX 60pb6bI. BMecTe co CBepAJl.OBbIM
CTaAHH PYKOBOAHA pa60TaMH 3ace,,\aBIIIero
HeJl.eraAbHO VI C'be3Aa napTHH (HWJl.b-aBrycT
1917 1'.). Ha C'be3Ae CTa.1\HH BbIcTynHJI. C OT-
qeTHbIM ,,\OKAa,,\OM UK H AOKAa,,\OM no BO-
npocy 0 nOJl.HTHqeCKOM nO.ll.OmeHHH. B aTHX AO-
KJl.aAax CTaAHH qeTKO Cq>opMY.II.HpOBaA 3aAaqH
H TaKTHKY napTHH B 60pb6e 3a cogHaAHc1'H-
qeCKYIO peBoAlOgHIO. CTaJl.HH AaJl. OTnop Tpog-
KHCTaM, KOTopbIe CqHTaAH HeB03MomHOH rr06e,,\y
cogHaAH3Ma B POCCHH.
B OTBeT Ha BbIAa3KY TpOgKHCTOB, nbITaB-
WHXC.H KYpC napTHH Ha cogHaAHCTHqeCKYIO
peBoAwgHIO rrOCTaBHTb B 3aBHCHMOCTb OT npo-
· u 3
AeTapCKOH peBoAlOgHH Ha anaAe, TOBapHI}J
C'raJl.HH 3a.HBHJI.: "He HCKAWqeHa B03MomHOCTb,
3

qTO HMeHHO POCCH.H HBHTC.H cTpaHoM, npO.1\a-
ralOI}JeM nYTb K cogHaJl.H3MY n. HaAo OTKHHYTb
OTmHBllIee npeACTaB.1\eHHe 0 TOM, qTO TOJl.bKO
EBpona MomeT YKa3aTb HaM nYTb. CYIJ!eCTByeT
MapKCH3M AOrMaTHqeCKHM H MapKCH3M TBOP-
qeCKHH. 51 CTOIO Ha nOqBe nocAe4Hero" 1. CAOBa
CTaAHHa 6bIJl.H npOpOqeCKHMH: P OCCH.H nepBoM
YKa3aAa nYTb K COHaAH3MY.
C'be.3A 06'beAHHHAC.H BOKpyr CTa.1\HHa, OTCTaH-
BaBIIIero yqeHHe AeHHHa 0 B03MO>I{HOCTH n06e-
AbI cogHaAH3Ma B HallIeH CTpaHe. nOA PYKO-
BOACTBOM CTaAHHa, no AHpeKTHBaM J\eHHHa,.
VI C'be3A napTHH CTaA C'be3AOM nOArOTOBKH
K BOCCTaHHIO. C'be3A HageAH.1\ napTHIO Ha BO-
opymeHHoe BOCCTaHHe, Ha 3aBoeBaHHe AHKTa-
Typbl npOAeTapHaTa.
B aBrYCTe 1917 rOAa BcnbIXHY J\. M.HTem re-
HepaAa KOpHHAoBa, c06HpaBllIerOC.H BOCCTaHO-
BHTb gapH3M B P OCCHH. EO.1\bIIleBHKH nOAH.HJl.1-I
HapoAHbIe MaCCbI Ha 60pb6y C reHepaJl.bCKOH
aBaHTlOpoH. Pa3rpoM KOpHHAOBCKoro M.HTema
oTI<pbI.II. HOBblM nepHoA B HCTOpHH peBoAlOgHH:
HaqaAC.H nepHoA opraHI-I3agHH II1TypMa.
B AHH npe6bIBaHH.H AeHHHa B nOAnOAbe CTaAHH
nOMepmHBaeT TecHYIO CB.H3b H BeAeT nepenHcKY
1 N. B. Cma.llUH. CO'lHHCHHlI, T. 3, CTp. 186, 187.
64

CO CBOHM yqHTeAeM H ApyroM - AeHHHbIM,
CTaJl.HH ABa pa3a noceIgaeT AeHHHa B Pa3J1.HBe.
JleHuH U Cma.ll.UH CMe.ll.O U YBepeHHO, mBep,lfO
U OCMOmpUme.ll.bHO Be.ll.U napmUJo U pa60quu
K.lI.aCC Ha cOJj,ua.ll.UCmUQeCKY1Q peBO.ll.1QU U1Q , Ha
BoopymeHHoe BoccmaHue. JleHuH U Cma.ll.UH-
B,lfOXHOBUme.ll.U U .opzaHU3amopbl n06e,lfbl Be-
.lI.UKOU OKmR6pbCKOU cOJj,ua.ll.UCmUQeCKOU peBO-
.lI.1QUUU. Cma.ll.UH - 6.l1.umauUlUU cnO,lfBumHUK
JleHUHa. OH HenOCpe,lfCmBeHHO PYKOBO,lfUm
BceM ,lfe.ll.OM nO,lfZOmOBKu BoccmaHUR. Ero py_
KOBOA.H:r.gHe CTaTbH nepeneqaTbIBaWTC.H 06AaCT-
HbIMH 60.1\bWeBHCTCKHMH ra3eTaMH. CTaJl.HH
BbI3bIBaeT K ce6e npeAcTaBHTe.ll.eM 06AaCTHbIX
opraHH3agHM, HHCTPYKTHpyeT HX H HaMeqaeT
60eBbIe 3a4aqH AMI OTAeJl.-bHbIX 06AacTeM.
16 OKT.H6p.H UeHTpa.1\bHbIM KOMHTeT H36paJl.
napTHMHwM geHTp no PYKOBOACTBY BOCCTaHHeM
BO rAaBe C TOB. CTaAHHbIM. napTHMHbIM geHTp
RBA.HJl.C.H PYKOB04H:r.gHM .HApOM BoeHHo-peBoJl.w-
gHoHHoro KOMHTeTa npH fleTporpaAcKoM Co-
BeTe H PYKOBOAHA npaKTHqeCKH BceM BOCCTa-
HHeM.
16 OKTR6p.H B cBoeM peqH Ha 3aceAaHHH
" UK napTHH, OTBepra.H KanHTYJl.RHTCKHe npeAAO-
meHHR npeAaTeJl.eM 3HHoBbeBa H KaMeHeBa, BbI-
CTYI1HBIIlHX npOTHB BOOpymeHHorO BOCCTaHHH,
.
65

CTaJl.HH 3a.HBJ\.HA: "T 0, qTO npe.ll;AaraIOT Ka-
MeHeB H 3HHOBbeB, 06'beKTHBHO npHBOAHT
K B03MO*HOCTH ,lI,A.H KOHTppeBoAlOgHH nOAro-
TOBHTbC.H H copraHH30BaTbC.H. Mbl 6e3 KOHga
6Y.lI;eM oTcTynaTb H npOHrpaeM peBo.ll.lOgHIO.
nOqeMY 6bI HaM He 06eCne'lHTb ce6e B03Mom-
HOCTH BbI60pa AH.H BOCCTaHH.H H YCAOBHH, qTO-
6bI He AaBaTb copraHH30BaTbC.H KOHTppeBOJ\.lO-
YHH?" 1.
PaHO YTPOM 24 OKT.H6p.H KepeHcKHM H3AaA
npHKa3 03aKpblTHH !jeHTpaAbHoro OpraHa nap-
THH "Pa60qHM nYTb" H nocJl.aJl. 6poHeBHKH K
nOMeIgeHHIO peAaKgHH H THnorpaqmH "Pa6o-
qero nYTH". Ho K 10 qaCaM YTpa no YKa3a-
HHIO TOB. CTa.1\HHa KpacHorBapAeMgbl H peBo-
J1.lOgHoHHbIe COA.lI;aTbl OTTeCHHAH 6poHeBMKH H
YCTaHoBHJ\.H YCHJl.eHHYw oxpaHY Y THnorpa$HH
H peAaKgHH. K 11 qaCaM YTpa BbIIIIeJl. "Pa60-
qHM nYTb" C HanHcaHHoH OraJl.HHbIM nepe-
AOBOM cTaTbeM ,,4TO HaM HymHO?" , 3BaBIIIeu
MaCCbl CBeprHYTb 6ypmya3Hoe BpeMeHHoe npa-
BHTeAbCTBO. OAHOBpeMeHHO, no YKa3aHHIO nap-
THMHoro yeHTpa, 6bIJ\.H CPOqHO nOAT.HHYTbI K
CMOJ\.bHOMY OTp.HAbl peBOJ\.lOgHOHHbIX COJl..lI;aT H
. KpaCHOrBap.ll;eHgeB. BoccTaHHe HaqaAOCb 24 OK-
1 H. B. Cma.ll.UH. CO<IHHeHHJI, T. 3, CTp. 381.
66

T.H6p.H. BeqepOM 25 OKTH6p.H OTKpbIAC.H II C'be3A
COBeToB, nepeAaBIIIHH BCW BJl.aCTb COBeTaM.
CTa.1\HH BOIIleJl. B nepBbIM COBeT HapOAHbIX
KOMHccapOB, H36paHHbIM BO r J1.aBe C AeHHHbIM
nOC.1\e n06eAbI OKT.H6pbCKOH peBOAlOYHH Ha
II BcepOCCHHCKOM C'be3Ae COBeTOB.
BeAHKaH ()KT.H6pbCKa.H cogHaAHCTHqeCKa.H
peBO.1\lO!,!H.H KopeHHbIM 06pa30M H3MeHHAa 06-
cTaHoBKY. OKT.H6pbCKaH peBOJl.wYH.H pacKoAoAa
BeCb MHp Ha ABe CHCTeMbI - cHcTeMY KanHTa-
AH3Ma H cHcTeMY cogHaAH3Ma. napTH.H 60.11.1>-
liIeBHKOB BCTpeTH.1\aCb C HOBbIMH YCJl.OBH.HMH,
AOMKHa 6bIJl.a pewaTb HOBbIe rHraHTCKHe 3a-
AaqH. KopeHHbIM 06pa30M H3MeHHJlHCb H <}JOpMbI
60pb6bl pa60qero KAacca.
C nepBbIX me AHeM cyr;gecTBOBaHH.H COBeT-
CKoro npaBHTeAbcTBa H 040 1923roAa CTaAHH-
HapoAHbIH KOMHccap no AeJlaM HaYHoHaAbHocTeH.
OH HenocpeACTBeHHo PYKOBOAHA BceH pa60ToM
rrapTl:IH H COBeTcKoH B.I\.aCTH B AeAe pa3peIIle-
lIH.H HagHoaaAbHoro Bonpoca B CCCP. nOA
PYKOBOACTBOM AeHHHa H CTaAHHa pa60qHe H
KpeCTb.HHe Ha MeCTe yapcKHx KOAOHHH CTaAH
C034aBaTb COBeTCKHe pecny6AHKM. HeT HH OAHOH
COBeTcKOH pecny6J1.HKH,B opraHH3aYHH KOTOpOH
CTa.l\.HH He npHHHMaJl. 6bI aKTHBHoro H PYKOBO-
4HIJJero _ yqaCTH.H. ClaJlHH PYKOBOAHT 60pb60H 3a
67

YKpaHHCKYIO COBeTCKYIO Pecny6J1.HKY, PYKOBO-
AHT AeAOM C03AaHH.H 6eJl.opyccKoM Pecny6J\.HKH
H COBeTCKHX pecny6J1.HK B 3aKaBKa3be H CpeAHeM
A3HH, nOMoraeT MHOrOqHCAeHHbIM HagHo HaAb -
HOCT.HM COBeTcKoM CTpaHbI CTpOHTb CBOH aBTO-
HOMHbIe COBeTCKHe pecny6AHKH 1'1 06J\.aCTH.
AeHHH H CTaAHH - BAOXHOBHTeAH H opraHH3a-
TOpbl BeAHKoro COBeTCKoro COI03a.
CTaAHH BMeCTe co CBepAAOBbIM  6AHmaH-
llIHe nOMOIgHHKH AeHHHa B AeAe CTpOHTeAbCTBa
COBeTCKoro rocy AapCTBa. BMeCTe C AeHHHbIM
CTaAHH BeAeT 60pb6y npOTHB KaMeHeBa, 31'1-
HOBbeBa, PbIKoBa I:! ApyrHx llITpeHK6pexepoB
H Ae3epTHpOB peBoAwgHH. OpraHH3agHH pa3-
rpOMa KepeHcKoro - KpacHoBa, AOMKa ca60Tama
qHHOBHHKOB H cAy.m.aIgHX, J\.HKBHAagH.H KOHTppe-
BOJ\.WgHO HHOH CTaBKH H gapcKoro reHepaJ\.H-
TeTa, 3aKpbITHe 6ypmya3HoH neqaTH, 60pb6a
npOTHB KOHTppeBoJl.lOgHoH HoM YKpaHHcKoM
paAbI, pa3rOH YqpeAHTeJl.bHoro c06paHH.H, pa3pa-
60TKa nepBoH cOBeTcKoM KOHCTHTygHH 1918 1'0-
Aa - BO Bcex aTHX pemalOI}JHx C06bITHHX CTaJl.HH
npHHHMaA caMoe aKTHBHoe H PYKoBoAHI}Jee
yqaCTHe.
CTaJ\.HH no nopyqeHHW UK B .HHBape 1918roAa
npoBoAHT COBeIgaHHe npeAcTaBHTeJ\.eM peBoJ\.lO-
gHoHHoro KpwAa cogHaAHCTHqeCKHX napTHH
68

pa3AHqHbIX CTpaH EBpOnbI H AMepHKH, CbIr-
paBIIIee 3HaqHTeAbHYIO pOJl.b B 60pb6e 3a C03-
AaHHe III, KOMMYHHCTHqeCKOrO I1HTepHagHD-
HaJl.a.
B T.HmeJl.bIe AHH EpeCTCKoro MHpa, KorAa pe-
llIaAaCb cy Ab6a peBO.1\lOgHH, CTaAHH BMeCTe C
AeHHHbIM TBePAO OTCTaHBaJl. 60Jl.blIIeBHCTCKYIO
CTpaTerHIO H TaKTHKY npOTHB npeAaTeJl..H Tpoy-
Koro Hero cnoAPyqHOrO .6yxapHHa, KOTopbIe
BKyne C aHrJ\.0-q>paHgY3CKHMH HMnepHaAHCTaMH
XOTe.1\H nOCTaBHTb MOAOAYIO, HeOKpenIIlYW Pe-
cny6.1\HKY COBeTOB nOA y Aap repMaHCKoro HM-
nepHaJl.H3Ma.
*
..
.-
.
..


\ VJ[ .

BEPrHYTbIE OKT.H6pbcKOM cogHa.1\HCTH-
qeCKOM peBoAlOgueH, poccHMcKHe nOMe-
IJJHKH' H KanHTaAHCTbI CTaAH crOBapu-
BaTbCH C KanHTaAHCTaMH ApyrHx cTpaH 06
opraHH3agHH BoeHHoH HHTepBeHgHH npoTHB
CTpaHbI COBCTOB. OHH CTaBHJl.H ce6e geJ\.bw
pa3rpoMHTb pa60qHX H KpeCTb.HH, cBeprHYTb
COBeTcKYIO BAaCTb H 3aKa6aJl.HTb CHOBa HallIY
CTpaHY. Haqa.ll.aCb rpamAaHCKaH BOHHa H HH-
TepBeHgU.H. COBeTCKoe npaBHTeJl.bCTBO 06'bHBHJl.0
cogHaAHCTHqeCKOe OTeqeCTBO B onaCHOCTH H
npH3BaAO BeCb HapoA K 6opb6e. OapTHH 60J\b:'
II1eBHKOB nOAHHAa pa60qHX U KpeCTbHH Ha
omelJ.ecmBeHHgro BOMHY npOTUB HHOCTpaHHbIX
3aXBaTQHKOB H 6ypmya3Ho-nOMeI}JHqbeH 6e.1\o-
rBapAeMI.!!HHbI.
70

. BecHoM 1918 rOAa aHrJl.o-cppaHgY3cKHe HMne-
pHaJl.HCTbl opraHH30BaJl.H M.HTe2K Kopnyca qexo-
C.I\.OBaKOB, Cq>OpMHpoBaHHoro H3 BoeHHonAeHHbIX
aBcTpo-BeHrepcKoM apMHH H HanpaBAHBIIIerOC.H
nOCAe 3aKAWqeHHH MHpa C r epMaHHeM qepe3
CH6Hpb BO ClJpaHgHIO.
BbIcTynAeHHe qeXOCAOBaKOB, KO AHIO KOTo-
pOl'O 6bIAH npHypOqeHbI 6eJl.orBapAeMcKo-ace-
pOBCKHe M.HTemH B 23 ropoAax nOBOAmb.H,
M.HTem AeBbIX acepOB B MocKBe, BbICa,lJ,Ka aH-
I' J1.HMcKoro AecaHTa B MypMaHcKe - pa3B.H3aJl.H
Bee CHAbI KOHTppeBoAwgHH. M.HTe2K qeXOCJl.OBa-
KOB npOH30IIleA B BeCbMa KpHTHqeCKHH MOMeHT.
CTpaHa TOJl.bKO qTO BbIpBaJl.aCb H3 THCKOB
HMnepHaJl.HCTHqeCKOM BOMHbI. X03.HMHHqaHbe
KanHTaAHCTOB H nOMeI}JHKOB AOBeAO CTpaHY
AO KaTaCTpoq>bI. Pa60qHe CTOJl.Hg nO.1\yqaAH
He 60Jl.ee BOCbMYIIlKH q>YHTa xAe6a B AeHb. Pe-
cny6AHKa 6bI.I\.a oTpe3aHa OT YKpaHHcKoro H
cH6Hpcoro xJl.e6a. OCTaBaJl.aCb TOJl.bKO OAHa
o6AacTb, OTKY Aa M02KHO 6blJl.O A06bITb xJl.e6,,--
IOro-BocToK, nOBOJl.mbe H CeBepHbIM KaBKa3,
Aopora OT KOTOpbIX AemaJl.a no BOJl.re qepe3
!!apHgbIH. CnacTH peBoJl.wgHIO M02KHO 6bIJ\.0
T"'J1.bKO A06bIB xAe6. AeHHH 06paTHAcH K
neTpOrpa.ll;cKHM pa60qHM C npH3bIBOM opraHH30-
BaTb noxOA B AepeBHw B nOMob KpeCTb.HHCKOH
· 71

6eAHOTe npOTHB cneKY AHHTOB xAe60M, KY AaKoB,
MHpoeAoB. CTaJ\.1-IH 6bIA KOMaHAHpOBaH !JeH-
TpaAbHbIM KOMHTeTOM napTHH Ha lOr B Ka-
qeCTBe 06AeqeHHOrO qpe3BbIqaHHbIMH npaBa-
MH 06I}Jero PYKOBOAHTeAH npOAOBOAbCTBeHHoro
. ,lI,eAa Ha lOre POCCHH.
6 HIOH.H 1918 rOAa CTaAHH C OTpHAOM pa-
60qHX npH6bIJI. B !JapHgbIH. CoeAHHeHHe B Ok
HOM J1.Hge np030pJ\.liBOCTH nOAHTHqeCKOrO BomAR
Ii TaAaHTa nOAKoBoAga n03BO.1\HAO CTaJ\.HHY pa3-
raAaTb pOAb !japHgbIHa, KaK MeCTa I' AaBHoro
Y Aapa CO CTOpOHbI KOHTppeBO.1\lOgHH. B3HTHe
!J,apHgbIHa OTpC3aAO 6bI Pecny6AHKY OT nocAek
HHX xAe6HbI?, pecypCOB, OT 6aKHHCKOH Heq>TH,
. n03BOAH.H 6e.1\bIM 06'beAHHMTb AOHCKYIO KOHTppe-
BOAlOgHIO C KoJl. qaKOM H qeXOCJl.oBagKoH KOHTppe-
BOAlOgHeM H 06I}JHM q>p0 HTOM HTTH Ha
MOCKBY. HaAo 6bIAO BO qTO 6bI TO HH CTaJl.O
Y Aepm.aTb B PYKax COBeTcKoM BJ\.aCTH !japH-
gbIH. OqHCTHB meAe3HoM PYKOM ropo,ll. OT 6e-
AorBapAeHCKHX 3arOBopIgHKOB, A06bIB H nOCAaB
B rOAoAalOI}JHe CTOJl.HgbI 3HaqHTeAbHoe KOAH-
qeCTBO npOAOBOAbCTBHH, CTaAHH geAHKoM 3a-
HHACH 060pOHOH !japHgblHa. 6ecnoI}JaAHO AOMaH
.
conpOTHBAeHHe KOHTppeBoAlOgHOHHbIX cnegHa-
Jl.HCTOB, npHCAaHHbIX H nOAAepmHBaeMbIX Tpog-
KHM, CTaJ\HH 6bICTpbIMH H pellIHTeAbHbIMH
72

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B. 11. ACHHH. 11. B. CTaAHH H M. 11. KaAHHHH 1i0J VIII C'he3AC PKU(6). MapT 1919 r.
(/JaTo.
..

MepaMH peopraHH30BaA pa3p03HeHHbIe OTp.HAbI,
YCKOPHA npH6blTHe H3 40H6acca qacTeM Bopo-
IlIHAOBa, CTaBIIIHX .HApOM BHOBb Cq>OpMl1pOBaH-
HOM X apMHH. LKeJl.e3Ha.H BOJ\..H H reHHaJ\.bHaH
np030pJl.MBOCTb CTaJl.HHa OTCTO.HAH IJ,apHgbIH,
He AaAH 6eJl.bIM npopBaTbC.H Ha MOCKBY.
. r epOHqeCKa.H anone.H 060POHbI !!apHgbIHa COB-
naJl.a C KpaXOM repMaHCKoro HMnepHaAH3Ma
Ha YKpaHHe. B HO.H6pe 1918 rOAa BcnblXHYJl.a
peBoJ\.wgHH Ii f epMaHHI1 H ABcTpo-BeHrpHH-
!!eHTpaJ\.bHbIH KOMHTeT nopyqaeT CTaJ\.HHY opra-
HH30BaTb YKpaHHcKHM q>POHT B nOMOI,Yb YKpaI1H-
CKI1M pa60qHM H KpeCTbHHaM. B pacnOp.HmeHHe
CTclJ\.HHa BbIAeAeHO 20 PYKOBOAHI}JHX napTHMHbIX
pa60THHKOB 113 X apMHH BO I' AaBe C TOBapHI}JeM
BOpOIIlHAOBbIM. B KOHge HO.H6p.H YKpaHHCKMe
nOBCTaHqeCKHe BOMcKa ABHHY J\.HCb npOTHB neT-
AlOpoBgeB H HeMgeB, OCB060AHB XapbKOB. Ha
3anaAe 6bIJI. oCB06mKAeH MHHCK. CTaJ\.HH BeA
orpOMHYIO pa60TY no oCB060mAeHHIO .3anaA-
HblX 06AaCTeH H C03AaHI11O 6eAoPyccKOM Pe-
cny6AHKH.
30 HO.H6p.H 1918 rOAa 6bIJ\. C03AaH COBeT
Pa60qe-KpeCTb.HHCKOH 060pOHbi BO I' J1.aBe c
AeHHHbIM AAH PYKOBOACTBa BceM pa60TOH no
060pOHe Ha q>pOHTe H B TbIJ\.Y, M06HAH3agHH
npOMbIIIIAeHCTH H TpaHcnopTa, M06HJl.H3agHH
6 H. B. CTaJ\IIB
73
..

Bcex peCypCOB- CTpaHbI. npeACTaBHTe.1\eM OT
Bl!l1K B COBeT 060POHbI 6bIJI. BBeAeH CTaAHH,
CTaBIIIHH cpaKTHlIeCKHM 3aMeCTHTeAeM AeHHHa.
B KOHge 1918 rOAa C03AaAOCb KaTacTpoqm-
qeCKOe nOAomeHHe Ha BOCTOqHOM q>poHTe.
ApMH.H KOAlIaKa CneIIlH.1\a coeAHHHTbC.H C aHrJ\HH-
CKHMH BOMcKaMH, HacTynaBIlIHMH C ceBepa.
aT HMeHH COBeTa 060POHbI AeHHH Tpe60BaJl.
ynpOqHTb nOJl.OmeHHe nOA nepMblO. 4J1..H J1.HK-
BHAagHH KaTaCTpoq>bI OH npeAJ\.om.HA l!eH-
TpaJl.bHOMY KOMHTeTY nOCAaTb CTaJl.HHa H 43ep-
mHHCKoro. CTa.1\HH 6hICTpO H peIIlHTeAbHO
BOCCTaHOBHJI. nOAomeHHe nOA nepMbW. Ha lOre
[lOA l!apHgbIHOM ero MOI}JHa.H BOA.H He n03BO-
J1.HJl.a AOHCKOH KOHTppeBoJl.wgHH CAHTb CBOH
CHAbI C ypaJl.bcKOH H nOBoAm.cKOM. Ha ceBepe
CTaJl.HH COpBaJl. nonbITKY HHTepBeHTOB CB.H3aTbC.H
C qeXaMH H KoJl. qaKOM. KpacHbIe BOHcKa CTaJ\.H
rpOMHTb KoJl. qaKa, OTpesaHHoro OT COI03HHKOB
H Ha lOre H Ha ceBepe.
BepHYBIIIHcb C BOCTOqHOrO cppoHTa, CTaAHH 6e-
peTC.H 3a AeJl.o opraHH3agHH rocYAapcTBeHHoro
KOHTpOAH H no npeAAom.eHHIO AeHHHa B MapTe
1919 rOAa Ha3HaqaeTCH HapoAHNM KOMHccapOM
rocy AapCTBeHHoro KOHTpOA.H, n03AHee peopra-
HH30BaHHoro B HapKoMaT pa6oqe-KpecTb.HHcKOM
HHcneKgHH. HapKoMoM PKH CTaAHH OCTaeTC.H
74

AO anpe.ll..H 1922 rOAa. 8Ta pa60Ta HMeJ\a orpOM-
Hoe 3HalIeHHe AMI BOBAeqeHHR TPYAHI1!HXC.H B
AeAO ynpaBAeHH.H rOCYAapCTBOM.
B Mae 1919 rOAa, B 1JeJUIX OTBAeqeHH.H
KpaCHbIX BOHCK OT KOAlIaKa, reHepaJl. IOAeHHq
rrpM nOMepmKe 6eAoq>HHCKHX H aCTOHCKHX
BOHCR YCTpeMHAC.H K neTporpaAY. HacTynAeHHe
IOAeHHqa 6bIJ\0 nOMep2i{aHo aHrAHHCKOH ac-
KaApoH. B TbIJl.Y KpacHoH APMHH 6bIJl.0 opraHH-
30BaHO BOCCTaHHe Ha q>0pTax KpaCHa.H r opKa
H CepaR AowaAb. KpacHbIH <PpOHT AporHYA, H
Bpar npOpBa.ll.CR K caMoMY neTporpaAY.
4J1..H opraHH3a!!HH oTnopa 6eAbIM !JeHTpaJl.b-
HbIH KOMHTeT nOCAaJl. CTaAHHa. Ha <PpOHT ABH-
HY AHCb KOMMYHHCTbI. CTaJ\HH 6bICTpO .1\HKBHAH-
pOBaJl. pacTepRHHOCTb, 6ecnOI1!aAHo YHHIIT02KHJI.
BparOB H H3MeHHHKOB. KOM6HHHpoBaHHbIM Y.ita-
pOM neXOTbI C CYIIIH H Kopa6.11.eH C MOpH 6bIJl.H
3aHRTbI MRTe2i{HbIe <POpTbI, oT6poweHbI 6e.ll.o-
rBapAeHCKHe BOHCKa. Y rp03a neTporpaAY 6bI.1\a
AHKBHAHpOBaHa. nJl.aHbI AHTaHTbI - .saXBaTHTb
neTporpaA - 6bIAH pa36HTbI. APMHJI IOAe-
HHlIa 6bIJ\a pa3rpOMJl.eHa, ee OCTaTKH 6e2I{a.ll.H B
8CTOHHW.
.A.eToM 1919 rOAa CTaAHH pa60TaeT Ha 3a-
naAHOM <ppoHTe, B CMO.ll.eHCKe, opraHH3YH oTnop
nOAbCKOMY HaCTfnJl.eHHW.
6. 75

AHTaHTa, pa36HTa.H npH rrepBOM noxoAe, no-
AaBHB COBeTbI B 6aBapHH, BeHrpHH, BCTOHHH,
AaTBHH, K oceHH 1919 rOAa npeAnpHHHAa
BTopoM noxoA, BT.HHYB B Hero, KpOMe 6eJl.bIX
BOMCK H CBOHX OTpHAOB, apMHH MeAKHX nOrpaHHq-
HbIX C PoccHeM rocy AapCTB. STOT noxoA aHr J1.HM-
CKHM BoeHHbIH MHHHCTp YepqHAAb XBaCT AHBO
Ha3BaJl. "nOXOAOM 14 rocYAapcTB".
B TO BPeM.H KaK KpaCHa.H ApMH.H rpOMHAa
KOAqaKa Ha BOCTOKe, 4eHHKHH 3aXBaTHA 4 0H -
6acc H BTOprC.H II1HpOKHM q>pOHTOM Ha YKpaHHY.
TpogKHM npeAaTeJl.bCKH pa3BaAHA pa60TY Ha
IOmHoM q>pOHTe. KpaCHbIe BOMcKa TepneAH no-
pameHHe. B nOMOIgb 4eHHKHHY BbIcTynHAH 6eJl.G-
nOJl..HKH, 3aHHB MHHCK. lOAeHHq nOA neTpo-
rpaAOM BHOBb nepeIIleJl. B HacTynJl.eHHe, a KOJl.qaK
nonbITaAC.H 3aAepmaTbCH Ha T 060Ae. HHKor Aa
eI}Je Bpar He 6bIA TaK 6AH30K OT COBeTCKOH
CTOJ\.HgbI. 40HegKHe KanHTaAHCTbI 06'bHBHJl.H
Aame MHJl.J1.HOHHbIM npH3 TOMY H3 6eAbIX nOAKOB,
KOTOpbIM nepBbIM BOMAeT B MOCKBY.
B OTBeT Ha HacTyn.1\eHHe 6eJl.bIX AeHHIi OT
HMeHH t!,eHTpaAbHoro KOMHTeTa 06paTHAC.H
K napTHMHbIM opraHH3agHHM co CTpaCTHbIM
npH3bIBOM: "Bce Ha 60pb6y C AeHHKHHbIM!".
lOmHbIM q>pOHT nOJ\.yqHA MaCCOBbIe nonOAHe-
HH.H J1.WAbMH H 60eBbIe cpeACTBa, HO HymeH
76.

L
6bI.I\ PYKOBOAHTeAb, KOTOpbIH CYMeA 6bI cnAO-
THTb COTHH TbICHq 60MgoB, cgeMHTHpOBaTb
HX eAHHOH BOAeH H 06PYWHTb Ha Bpara.
UeHTpaJl.bHbIM KOMHTeT napTHH nOCbIAaeT
CTaAHHa opraHH30BaTb n06eAY Ha I02KHOM
q>pOHTe.
nO.l\KoBoAeg peBoAwgHH 3aCTaJl. Ha q>pOHTe
TOJl.IJeW, paCTepHHHOCTb, OTCYTCTBHe CTpaTerH-
qeCKOro nJl.aHa. nporHaB H3 II1Ta60B 06aHKpo-
THBIIIHXCH CTaBAeHHHKOB Tpo!JKoro H nOTpe60BaB
nOAHoro HeBMeIIla TeJl.bCTBa Tpo!JKoro B AeJl.a
q>pOHTa, CTaJl.HH OT6pOCHJI. npecTynHblH CTapbIM
nJl.aH- npopbIBa AeHHKHHCKoro q>pOHTa OT BO.l\rH
CUapHgbIH) Ha HOBOpOCCHHCK H COCTaBHJI. CBOH
nJl.aH 60pb6bI, reHHaJl.bHO pa3peIIlaBIIIHH 3aAaqy.
CTaAHH npeAJl.02KHJI. HanpaBHTb I' J1.aBHbIM y Aap
Ha 4eHHKHHa H3 paHOHa BOpOHe2Ka qepe3
XapbKOB - 40H6acc - POCTOB, qT06bI paCCeqb
apMHIO KOHTppeBoAwgHH Ha ABe qaCTH. BTOT
nAaH 06eCneqHBaJl. 6bICTpoe npOABH2KeHHe
KpaCHOH ApMHH no paHOHY C npOAeTapCKHMH
!JeHTpaMH, rAe HaceAeHHe C .HBHbIM COqYBCT-
BHeM OmHAa.l\O KpacHYw APMHIO, I' Ae HMeJl.aCb
60raTaH ceTb meJl.e3HbIX Aopor, qTO AaBaJl.O
B03M02KHOCTb BOMcKaM nOAYIJaTb cHa62KeHHe
BceM He06xOAHMbIM. B TO 2Ke BpeM.H aTOT nJl.aH
OCB0602KAaA 40H6acc - MO,!!HbIH HCTOqHHK
77

yr MI, o6eCneqHBalOIgHM CTpaHY TOnAHBOM, H
HCTOqHHK peBOJ\.lOgHOHHbIX CHJI..
flJl.aH CTaAHHa 6bIJI. npHH.HT IJ,K.
CTaJl.HH pa3BepHYJl. rHraHTCKYW pa60TY no
opraHH3agHH n06eAbI. OH na6AIOAaA 3a XOAOM
onepagHM, HCnpaBA.HJI. Ha xOAY OIIlH6KH, nOA6HpaA
KOMaHAHpOB H nOAHTpa60THHKOB, BAOXHOBJI.jJ.H
HX Ha 60pb6y. nOA PYKOBOACTBOM CTaAHHa Ha
IOmHoM q>pOHTe 6bIJl.a pa3pa60TaHa HHCTPYK-
gH.H AJ\..H KOMHccapa nOJ\Ka, B KOTopoM 3aAaqa
KOMHccapa 6bIJ\.a CcpOPMYJl.HpOBaHa B CJl.eAYWIgHX
.HpKHX CJ\.OBax:
"KOMHccap nOJl.Ka .HBJl.HeTCH nOAHTHqe-
CKHM H HpaBCTBeHHbIM PYKOBOAHTeAeM CBoero
nOJl.Ka, nepBbIM 3aIgHTHHKOM ero MaTepHaJl.b-
HbIX H AYXOBHbIX HHTepeCOB. ECJ\.H KOMaH-
AHP nOJ\.Ka .HBA.HeTC.H I' J1.aBOIO nO.ll.Ka, TO KG-
MHccap AOAmeH 6bITb OTgOM H AYIliOIO CBoero
nOJl.Ka" 1.
PeaJl.H3agH.H nAaHa CTaAHHa npHBeJl.a K noJl.-
HOMY pa3rpOMY 4eHHKHHa. no HHHgHaTHBe
TOBapHI}Ja CTaAHHa 6bIAa C03AaHa I KOHHa.H
apMH.H BO I' AaBe C Ey AeHHbIM, BOpOIIlMJl.OBbIM,
ijJaAeHKo. AereHAapHa.H KOHHa.H apMH.H, nOA-
1 "DpaBAa" N2 344, 14 ACKa6pJl 1939 1'. (I1epcAoBaJl "BocHHhIe
KOMHccaphl".)
78

AepmaHHa.H apMHHMH IOmHoro <ppOHTa, nOKOH-
qHJl.a C BOMcKaMH AeHHKHHa.
B nepHOA KpaTKOBpeMeHHOM nepeAbIIIIKH,
KOTOpylO nOAyqHJl.a CTpaHa COBeTOB nOC.1\e pa3-
rpOMa 4eHHKHHa, CTaAHH no nopyqeHHIO
AeHHHa PYKOBOAHT BOCCTaHOBAeHHeM pa3py-
II1eHHOrO BOHHOM X03.HMCTBa Ha YpaHHe. B <p eB -
paJl.e - MapTe 1920 rOAa OH B03r AaBA.HeT COBeT
YKpaHHCKOH TPY AOBOM apMHH H M06HAH3yeT
TPY AHI!!HXC.H Ha 60pb6y 3a yroJl.b. 06p a l!!a.HCb
K TPYAOBOH apMHH B MapTe 1920 rOAa, CTaJl.HH
YKa3bIBaeT, qTO B AaHHbIM MOMeHT "yroAb TaK
me BameH A.I\..H POCCHH, aK n06eAa HaA 4e-
HHKHHbIM" 1. nOA PYKOBOACTBOM CTaAHHa YKpa-
HHCKHe 60Jl.bIIleBHKH A06HBaIOTC.H Cepbe3HbIX
ycnexoB B 06eCneQeHHH CTpaHbI TonAHBOM H
HaJl.amHBaHHH TpaHcnopTa.
B Mae 1920 rOAa CTaJl.HH HanpaB.1\HeTC.H IJK Ha
IOro-3anaAHbIM q>POHT npOTHB nO.1\bCKHX naHOB,
HaqaBIIIHX TpeTHM noxoA AHTaHTbl Ha CoaeT-
CKYW Pecny6J1.HKY. .3Aecb CTaAHH npHHHMaeT
HenocpeACTBeHHoe PYKOBOAHl!!ee yqaCTHe B AeAe
npopblBa nOAbCKoro q>pOHTa, B oCB060mAeHHH
KHeBa H npOABHmeHHH HaIIlHX BOMCK K AbBO-
BY. B TOM me 1920 roAY CTaJl.HH BeAeT pa60TY
1 "IIpoJ\cTapcK8J'1 PCBOAlOgHJI" N2 3, 1940 r., crp. 164.
79

no 060poHe IDra YKpaHHbI OT HacTynAeHH.H
BpaHreAH, HaMeqaeT nAaH YHHqTOmeHHH Bpau-
reA.H. CTaAHHCKHe YKa3aHl-iH AeKaJl.H B OCHOBe
onepaTHBHoro nAaHa <PPYH3e, no KOTOPOMY 6bIJ\.
pa3rpOMAeH BpaHreJl.b.
Bce rOAbI rpamAaHCKOH BOMHbI npOIIlJl.H nOA
. 3HaKOM TeCHoro COTPY AHHqeCTBa J\eHHHa H
CTaAHHa. OHH PYKa 06 PYKY CTpO.HT H YKpen-
A.HIOT KpacHYIO ApMHIO. AeHHH cOBeTyeTcH co
CTaAHHbIM no namHeMIIIHM BonpocaM nOAHTHKH
COBeTcKoro rocy AapcTBa, no BonpocaM BoeH-
HOM cTpaTerHH H TaKTHKH. KorAa CTaJl.HH Ha-
XOAHJ\.CH B ,lI,pyroM KOHge COBeTcKoM cTpaHbI,
'BbInOJ\.HH.H Ba2KHeMIIIHe nOJl.HTHqeCKHe H BoeH-
HbIe' nopyqeHH.H AeHHHa, MemAY HHMH He
npeKpaI}JaAC.H 06MeH nHCbMaMH, TeJ\.erpaMMa-
MH, 3anHCKaMH. CTaJl.HH perYJI..HpHO 3HaKOMHJI.
J\eHHHa C nOA02KeHHeM AeJ\. Ha q>pOHTax. B CBO-
HX nHCbMax H Te.1\erpaMMax CTaJl.HH AaBaJ\
MaCTepCKHH aHaJl.H3 BoeHHOH 06CTaHOBKH. OH
HeH3MeHHo 06paIgaJ\.c.H K AeHHHY 3a nOMOIgblO
H nOAAepmKOM, Kor Aa 06CTaHOBKa Ha q>pOHTe
CTaHOBHJl.aCb oc06eHHO rp03HoM. AeHHH 6bIA
qpe3BWqaHHO BHHMaTeAeH K npocb6aMCTaAHHa.
AeHHH nOCTO.HHHO Aepma.1\ ero B Kypce C06bI-
THM, HHq>OpMHpOBaJ\. 0 nOAHTHqeCKHX HOBOCT.HX.
CTaAHH 6bIA rJ\aBHoM onopoM AeHHHa B AeAe
80

opraHH3agHH H PYKOBOAcTBa 060pOHOH COBeT.
CKOH CTpaHbI.
B rOAbI rp am 4 aH CKOH BOMHbI UK napTHH
H AHqHO AeHHH nOCbIJl.aAH CTaJl.HHa Ha caMbIe
peIIlalOI}JHe H orraCHbIe AJ\..H peBoJl.lOgHH q>POHTbI.
TOBapHIg CTaJl.HH COCTO.HJ\. qAeHOM PeBBoeH-
COBeTa Pecny6AHKH H qAeHOM PeBBoeHcoBeToB
3ana4Horo, 10m Horo, IOro-3anaAHoro q>POH-
TOB. TaM, rAe B CHJl.Y p.HAa npHqHH C03Aa-
BaJ\.aCb CMepTeJl.bHa.H onaCHOCTb 4A.H KpacHoM
ApMHH, I' Ae np04BHmeHHe apMHM KOHTppeBOAIO-
gHH H HHTepBeHgHH rp03HJ\.0 caMoMY cYI}JecT-
BOBaHHW COBeTcKoM BJl.aCTH, TY Aa nOCbIJl.aJl.H
CTa.ll.HHa. TaM, "rAe CM.HTeHHe H naHHKa MOrJl.H
B Aw6yIO MHHYTY npeBpaTHTbC.H B 6eCnoMoIg-
HOCTb, KaTacTpml>Y, - TaM nO.HBJI..HAC.H TOBapHIg
CTaAHH" 1.
CTaJ\.HH opraHH30BbIBaA napTHMHbIe H pa60-
qHe MaCCbI, 6paJl. B CBOH TBep4ble PYKH PYKo-
BOACTBO; OnHpa.HCb Ha MaCCbI, OH 6ecnoIga,lJ,H0
J1.0MaJl. ca60TaLK, meJl.e3HoM PYKoM nOAaBJI..HJI.
3aroBopbl H3MeHHHKOB, npeAaTeJl.eM, II1nHOHOB B
TbIJl.Y H Ha q>poHTe; J1.HqHbIM npHMepoM caMO-
oTBepmeHHoH pa60TbI H HCHoM peBoAlOgHoHHoH
1 K. E. Bopomu.II.oo. CTaJlHH H KpacHall APMHH, 1940 r.,
CTp. 6-7.
81
.

nepcrreKTHBoM OH nO,lJ,HHMaA 60eBoM AYX H
peBOJl.IO!JHOHHbIM aHTY3Ha3M pa60qHX H Kpe-
CTb.HH, KpaCHoapMeMgeB; B KpaTqaHIIIHe CpOKH
OH A06HBaJl.C.H KopeHHoro nepeAOMa H n06eAbI
KpacHoM ApMHH.
OH pa3raAbIBaA H pa36HBaA BApe6e3rH caMbIe
HCKYCHbIe H KOBapHbIe CTpaTerHqeCKHe nAaHbI
BparOB, onpOKHAbIBaJl. BCIO HX BoeHHYIO "HaYKY",
BOeHHoe "HCKYCCTBO" H BblyqKY.
.3aCJl.yrH CTaAHHa Ha q>pOHTax rpam,ltaHcKoM
BOMHbI 6bIJl.H OTMeqeHbI no HHH}JHaTHBe AeHHHa
nOCTaHOBAeHHeM BcepoccHMcKoro !JeHTpaJl.b-
Horo I1cnoJl.HHTeAbHoro KOMHTeTa OT 27 HO.H6p.H
1919 roAa 0 Harpam,ltCHHH ero opAeHOM
"KpacHoro .3HaMeHH".
C03AaTeAeM KpacHoM ApMHH - nepBoM B
MHpe KpacHoM APMHH, apMHH oCB0602fVJ,eHHbIX
pa60qHX H KpeCTb.HH, apMHH 6paTcTBa Mem,lty
Hapo,ltaMH HaIIleM CTpaHbI, apMHH, BocnHTaH-
HOM B Ayxe HHTepHagHoHaJ\.H3Ma, - 6bIAa napTH.H
60J\.bIIleBHKOB BO I' AaBe C AeHHHbIM H CTaJl.HHbIM.
AeHHH H CTaJl.HH PYKOBOAHJl.H Ae.ll.OM 060POHbI
CTpaHbI BMeCTe C J1.yqIIlHMH Ae.HTeJl.HMH 60Ab-
II1eBHcTcKoM napTHH.
HenocpellcmOeHHbl.M. 0IlOXHOOUmeAe.M. U op-
zaHllsamOpO.M. oaameuUlux nooell KpacHou
Ap.M.uU OblA CmaAuH. BcwAY,- rAe Ha q>poHTax
82

peIIlaJl.HCb Cy Ab6bI peBoAwgHH, napTHJI nOCbIAaJl.a
CTaAHHa. OH 6bIJI. TBOpgOM BamHeMIIIHx CTpa-
TerHqeCKHX nAaHOB. CTaJ\.HH PYKOBOAHA peIIla-
IDI}JHMH 60eBbIMH onepagH.HMH. OOA ijapHgbIHoM
H nOA OepMblO, nOA neTporpaAOM H npOTHB
ACHHKHHa, Ha 3anaAe npOTHB naHcKoM OOJl.bIIlH
H Ha lOre npOTHB BpaHreJ\..H - BCIOAY meAe3Ha.H
BOA.H H CTpaTerHqeCKHH reHHM CTaJl.HHa 06ec-
neqHBaAH n06eAY peBOAlOgHH. CTaJl.HH 6bIJ\ BOC-
nHTaTeJ\.eM H PYKOBOAHTeJ\.eM BoeHHbIX KOMHC-
capOB, 6e3 KOTOpbIX, no onpeAeAeHHIO AeHHHa,
He 6bIJl.0 6bI KpaCHoH ApMHH.
, C HMeHeM CTaJl.HHa CB.H3aHbI caMbIe CJl.aBHbIe
n06eAbI HallIeH KpaCHoH ApMHH.
*


 ,V]ur )

( r ) KOH4HB no6eiloHocHO BOHny C HHTCp-
BeHTaMH, COBeTCKa.H BAaCT CTaAa ne-
peXOAHTb K MHPHOMY X03.HHCTBeHHOMY
CTpOHTeJl.bCTBY. CTpaHa 6bIAa pa30peHa qeTbI-
peXJl.eTHeM HMnepHa.1\HCTHIJeCKOM BOMHoH H TpeX-
AeTHeH rpamAaHcKoM BOHHOM. KpeCTb.HHCTBO
no OKOHqaHHH rpamAaHCKOH BOMHbI BbIpamaJ\.O
HeAoBOJ\.bCTBO H3'bHTHeM Bcex H3AHIIIKOB, CHCTe-
MOM rrpoApa3BepCTKH H Tpe60BaJl.O, qT06bI ero
cHa6ma.1\.H AOCTaTOqHbIM KOJl.HqeCTBOM TOBapoB.
Ha nOqBe rOAoAa H YCTaJl.OCTH npO.HB.1\..HAOCb
HeAOBOAbCTBO H cpeAH qaCTH pa60qHX. KJl.ac-
COBbIM Bpar rrbITaJl.C.H HcnOAb30BaTb T.HmeAOe
X03.HMCTBeHHoe nOJl.OmeHHe cTpaHbI.
nepeA napTHeM BCTa.1\. Bonpoc 0 BbIpa60TKe
HOBoM YCTaHoBKH no BceM BonpocaM X03.HHCT-
84

BeHHOM: 1KH3HH CTpaHbI. !JeHTpaAbHOMY KOMHTeTY
.SICHO 6bIlI.O, qTO CHCTeMa BoeHHoro KOMMYHH3Ma,
nocJl.e AHKBHAa!JHH BOMHbI H nepexoAa Ha MHp-
HOe CTpOHTeAbCTBO, Y1Ke HCqepnaAa ce6.H. OTna-
Aa.1\a He06xoAHMOCTb B npOApa3BepCTKe, Kpe-
CTb.HHaM HaAo 6bIJ\O npeAocTaBHTb B03M01KHOCTb
HCnOJl.b30BaTb 60Jl.bIIlYW tIaCTb HJ1.HIIIKOB CBoero
npoH3BoAcTBa. BTO n03BOJl.HJl.0 6bI omHBHTb Ce.1\b-
CKoe X03.HHCTBO, TOBapoo60pOT, nOAH.HTb npo-
MbIIIIAeHHocTb, YAyqDlHTb cHa61KeHHe ropoAoB,
c03AaTb HOBYIO X03.HMcTBeHHYw OCHOBY COlO3a
pa60qHX H KpeCTb.HH.
Ho aHTHnapTHHHbIe rpynrIHpoBKH nbITaAHCb
nOMeDIaTb napTHH B BbIpa60TKe HOBbIX YCTaHoBoK.
B KOH!J e 1920 rOAa OHH HaB.H3aAH napTHH TaK
Ha3bIBaeMYW AHCKYCCHlO 0 npocpcolO3ax. Ha
AeJl.e OHa HMeAa ropa3Ao 60Jl.ee DIHpOKoe SHa-
qeHHe, qeM Bonpoc 0 npoq>COW3ax. no CYIl!eCTBY
60Pb6a DIAa no Borrpocy 06 OTHODIeHHH K Kpe-
CTb.HHCTBY, 06 OTHOIIleHHH napTHH K 6ecrrap-
THHHOM Macce pa60qHX, Bo06Il!e 0 rroAxOAe
DapTHH K MaccaM B HOBOH o6cTaHoBKe. Tpoy-
KHCTbI rrpeAJl.araAH ,,3aBHHqHBaTb AaJl.bDIe raMKH"
BoeHHoro KOMMYHH3Ma. CBoeH npeAaTeJl.bCKOH no-
J1.HTHKOH 1'0.11.01'0 rrpHHymAeHH.SI H KOMaHAOBaHH.H
B OTHOIIleHHH Macc OHH CTpeMHJl.HCb BOCCTaHO-
BHTb 6ecrrapTHHHYW Maccy pa60tIHX rrpoTHB
85
-

napTHH, CTpeMHJl.HCb C03AaTb yrp03Y CYIgeCT-
BOBaHHIO COBeTcKoM BAaCTH. BC.1\eA 3a TpogKH-
CTaMH BbIcTynHJl.H H ApyrHe aHTHnapTHMHbIe
rpynnKH: "pa60qa.H onn03HgH.H", "AeMOKpaTH-
qeCKHe geHTpaAHCTbI", "AeBbIe KOMMYHHCTbI".
BMeCTe C AeHHHbIM CTaJl.HH nOCJ\.eAOBaTe.1\bHO
npOBOAHJI. H OTCTaHBaJl. napTHMHYIO J1.HHHW H
rpOMHA Bcex aTHX BparOB napTHH. CTaAHH op-
raHH3agHoHHo PYKOBOAHJI. 60pb6oM C aHTHAe-
HHHCKHMH rpynnHpoBKaMH B nepHoA npotpco-
103IiOM AHCKYCCliH, CnAaqHBa.H napTHIO BOKpyr
J1.eHHHcKoM nJl.aTq>opMbI. K CTaAHHY CTeKaJl.HCb
Bce AaHHbIe C MeCT 0 xOAe 60pb6bI 3a J\.HHHIO
napTHH. CTaJl.HH HanpaBAH.II. B "npaBAY" B Te
AHH AaHHbIe 06 HTorax AHCKYCCHH B MeCTHbIX
opraHH3agH.HX, AeMoHcTpHpoBaBIIIHe n06eAY nap-
THH Ii nopameHHe aHTHAeHHHCKHX rpynnHpoBoK.
KpynHoe 3HaqeHHe B AeAe n06eAbI napTHMHoH
J1.HHHH H CnJl.OqeHHH napTHH BOKpyr AeHHHa,
BOKpyr AeHHHCKoro 60AbIIlHHCTBa UK, HMeJl.a
ony6AHKoBaHHa.H 19 .HHBap.H 1921 rOAa B "npa-
BAe" CTaTb.H CTaJl.HHa "HaIIlH pa3HOrAaCH.H".
BMecTe C AeHHHbIM CTaJl.HH OTCTO.HJI. eAHHCTBO
napTHH npoTHB Bcex aTaK aHTHnapTHHHbIX
q>paKgHH H rpynnHpOBOK.
,CnAOqeHHOH Ha J1.eHHHCKHX n03HgH.HX npH
II1J\.a napTH.H Ha CBOH X C'be3A, I<OTOPOMY npeA-
86

CTO.HJl.O peIIlMTb OCHOBHbIe BOnpOCbI AaAbHeMlIIero
n06e,2l;OHOCHOro ABHmeHHH peBoAlOgHH. X C'be3A
(MapT-anpeAb 1921 1'.) nOABe.1\ HTorH AHCKYC-
CHH 0 npoq>colO3ax H OA06pHJI. nOAaBAHwI}JHM
60Jl.bIIlHHCTBOM rOAOCOB J1.eHHHCKYW nAa T<}JOPMY.
C'be3,21; npHH.HJI. HCKJl.WqHTCJl.bHOM BamHOCTH peIIle-
HHe 0 nepexoAe OT npOApa3BepCTKH K npOA-
. HaJl.Ory, 0 nepeXOAe K HOBoM aKoHoMH1:IecKoM
nOJl.HTHKe, TBopgoM H B,2I;OXHOBHTeAeM KOTopoM
6bIJI. AeHHH. PeIIleHHe X C'be3,21;a 0 nepeXOAe
K HOBOM SKOHOMHqeCKOH nOAHTHKe 06eCneqH-
8a.1\0 npOqHblH COW3 pa60qero KAacca H Kpe-
CTb.HHCTBa ,2I;J1..H CTpOHTeAbCTBa cogHaAH3Ma.
BTOH me oCHoBHoM 3a,2l;aqe CJl.YLKHAO H peIIle-
HHe C'be3Aa no HagHoHaJl.bHoMY Bonpocy. 40KAaA
"Oqepe,2l;HbIe 3a,2l;aqH napTHH B HagHoHaAbHOM
Bonpoce" C,2I;eAaA Ha C'be3,21;e CTaJl.HH.
B AOKAaAe CTaJl.HHa H pe30Jl.IOgHH C'be3Aa
6bIJl.a TOqHO H .HCHO C<P0PMYJl.HpOBaHa OCHOBHa.H
npaKTHqeCKa.H 3a,2l;aqa B HagHoHaJl.bHOM Bonpoce.
, MbI AHKBHAHpoBaAH HagHoHaAbHbIH rHeT, rOBO-
pHJI. CTa.1\HH, HO aToro HeAOCTaTOqHO: Ha,2l;O
J1.HKBHAHpoBaTb T.HmeAOe HaCJl.eAHe npOIIlAoro-
X03.HMcTBeHHYw, nOAHTHqecKYIO H KYJl.bTypHYW
OTCTaAOCTb paHee yrHeTaBlliHXC.H HapO,2l;OB; Ha,2l;O
nOMOqb HM AorHaTb B .aTOM OTHOIIleHHH geH-
TpaJl.bHYIO POCCHIO. CTaAHH npH3BaA napTHIO
87

K 60pb6e C BeJ\.HKOAepmaBHbIM,' BeAHIWpYCCKHM
WOBHHH.3MOM, KaK I' .1\aBHOH OnaCHOCTbW, H K
60pb6e C MeCTHbIM HagHoHaAH3MOM.
npOIIleJl. nepBbIH rOA Hana. Ha XI C'be3Ae
(MapT-anpeAb 1922 1'.) napTH.H nOABeJl.a HTorH
nepBOMY rOAY HOBOM aKoHoMHqecKoM nOAHTHKH.
8TH HoforH n03BOJl.HJl.H AeHHHY 3a.HBHTb:
"MbI rOA oTcTymlJ\.H. MbI AOJl.mHbI Tenep::>
CKa3aTb OT HMeHH napTHH:-AoCTaTOqHo! Ta
geAb, KOTOpa.H oTcTynAeHHeM npeCJl.eAOBaJl.aCb,
AocTHrHYTa. BTOT nepHoA KOHqaeTCH, HJl.H
KOaqHAC.H. T enepb geJl.b BbIABMraeTC.H Apyra.H-
neperpymmpoBKa CHJ\." 1.
HaAo 6bIAO npOBOAHTb B 1KH3Hb HCTOpH-
qeCKHe ,3aAaqH, nOCTaBAeHHbIe AeHHHbIM Ha
C'be3Ae. 3 anpeA.H 1922 rOAa" nJl.eHYM lJeHT-
paJl.bHOrO KOMHTeTa napTHH no npeAJl.OmeHHID
AeHHHa H36paA rHepaAbHblM CeKpeTapeM !JK
caMoro J1.YIIIIIero H BepHoro yqeHHKa H copaT-
HHKa AeHHHa - CTaAHHa. C Tex nop CTaAHH
6eCCMeHHO pa60TaeT Ha aTOM nOCTY.
PaHeHHe AeHHHa npH nOKYIIleHHH Ha Hero
B 1918 rOAY H HenpepbIBHa.H Hanp.H1KeHHaH \
pa60Ta nOAopBaAH ero 3AopOBbe. HaqHHaH C
KOHga 1921 rOAa AeHHH BbIHymAeH 6bIJI. BCe
] B. 11. JleHlIH. CO'lHHCHUH, T. XXVII, USA. 3-c, CTp. 238.
88

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qa'.Y e H qaI}Je npepbIBaTb CBOIO pa60TY. OCHOB-
HYIO pa60TY no PYKOBOACTBY napTHeH npHXO-
AHJl.OCb BeCTH CTaAHHY.
. BaTH rOAbI CTaJl.HH npOBeJ\ orpoMHYlO pa60Ty
no c03AaHHIO HagHoHaJl.bHbIx cOBeTcKHX pe-
cny6J1.HK, a 3aTeM no 06'beAHHeHHlO Bcex COBeT-
CKHX pecny6J1.HK B OAHO COlO3Hoe rOCYAapcTBo-
CCCP. 30 AeKa6p.H 1922 rOAa Ha I BcecolO3HoM
C'be3Ae COBeToB no npeAAomeHHlO AeHHHa II
CTaJl.J:lHa 6bIJl.0 npHHHTO HCTOpHqeCKOe peIIleHHe
0'Ao6pOBOJl.bHOM rOCYAapCTBeHHOM 06'beAHHeHHH
COBeTCKHX HapoAoB B COW3 COBeTcKHx CogHaJl.H-
CTHqeCKHX Pecny6J1.HK-CCCP. BbIcTyna.H Ha
C'be3Ae, CTaAHH rOBopHA:
, "B HCTOpHH COBeTcKoH BAaCTH CerOAHHIIIHHH'
AeHb .HBA.HeTC.H nepeJl.OMHbIM. OH KJl.aAeT BeXH
MemAY CTapbIM, yme npoMAeHHbIM nepHOAOM,
Kor Aa COBeTCKHe pecny6J\.HKH XOT.H H AeHcTBo-
BaJl.H BMeCTe, HO II1AH Bp03b, 3aH.HTbIe npemAe

.Bcero BonpOCOM CBoero CYI}JeCTBOBaHH.H, H HO-
BblM, yme OTKpbIBIIIHMC.H nepHoAoM, KorAa OT-
AeJ\.bHOMY CY'.YeCTBonaHHIO COBeTCKHX pecny6J\HK
KJl.aAeTC.H KOHeg, KOI' Aa pecny6AHKH 06'beAH-
H.HlOTC.H B eAHHoe COlO3Hoe rocy AapCTBO AJI..H
ycneIIlHoH 60pb6bI C X03.HMCTBeHHoM pa3pYXOM,
Kor Aa COBeTCKa.H BAaCTb AYMaeT yme He TOJl.bKO 0
CY'.YeCTBOBaHHH, HO H 0 TOM, qT06bI pa3BHTbC.H B
7 H. B. CT8.AHH
89

cepbe3HYIO MemAYHapOAHYIO CHJl.Y, MorYIgYIO B03-
AeMcTBoBaTb Ha Me1KAYHapOAHYIO 06CTaHOBKY, MO-
rYIgYIO H3MeHHTb ee B HHTepecax TpYAHI}JHXC.H" I.
C03AaHHe CCCP 03HaqaAO KpynHYIO n06eAY
AeHHHCKO-CTaAHHCKOH HagHoHaJ\.bHoM nOAHTHKH.
COBeTCKHH COW3 6bIJI. c03AaH Ha HenOKOAe6HMOM
q>YHAaMeHTe AOBepH.H paHee ymeTeHHbIX gapH-
3MOM HapOAoB K BeJl.HKOMY PYCCKOMY HapoAY,
Ha npOqHOH OCHOBe APym6bI HapoAoB COBeT-
CKOM CTpaHbl.
B anpeJ\.e 1923 rOAa COCTO.HJl.C.H XII C'be3A
napTHH. BTO 6bIA nepBbIH C'be3A nocJ\.e n06eAbI
OKT.H6pbcKOM cogHaAHcTHqecKoM peBOJl.wgHH,
Ha KOTOpOM J\eHHH no 60Jl.e3HH He MOl' npHCYT-
CTBOBaTb. C'be3A yqeA B CBOHX peIIleHH.HX Bce
YKa3aHH.H AeHHHa, AaHHbIe B ero nocAeAHHX
CTaTbHX H nHCbMax. C'bC3A AaJ\. peIIlHTeJl.bHbIM
OTnop TeM, KTO nbITaAC.H npeACTaBHTb Han, KaK
oTcTynAeHHe OT cogHaAHCTHqeCKHX n03HgHM,
KTO npeAAaraA nOHTH B Ka6aAY K KanHTaAH3MY.
C'be3A 3aKAeMMHA npeAaTeAbCKHe, KanHTY A.HHT-
CKHe npeAAOmeHH.H TpOgKHCTOB H 6yxapHHgeB.
Ha C'be3Ae CTaAHH BbIcTynaJl. C opraHH3agH-
OHHbIM OTqeTOM 0 AeHTeJl.bHOCTH !J,K H C AOKJ\.a-
1 H. Cma.ll.UH. MapKCH3M H HaYHOHaJ\hHO-KOJ\OHHaJ\hHhIH Bonpoc,
1939 r., CTp. 126.
,"
90


AOM "HagHoHaJl.bHbIe MOMeHTbI B napTHHHOM H
rocy AapCTBeHHOM CTpOHTeAbCTBe". B OTqeTHOM
AOK.I\.aAe CTaJl.HH Aa.1\ II1HpOKYIO KapTHHY AeH-
Te.1\bHOCTH napTHH, ee pOCTa, YKpenJl.eHH.H npH-
BOAHbIX peMHeH OT napTHH K MaccaM (npoq>-
COI03bI, KOMCOMOJl., COBeTbI H T. A.), 1I0ABe.1\
HTorH ABYX ACT Hana, HaMeTH.1\ 3aAaqH AaAb-
HeHIIIero ABHmeHH.H BnepeA. "Harna napTH.H
OCTa.1\aCb cna.HHHOM; CnAOqeHHOM, BbIAep2KaBIIIeH
Be.1\HqaMllIHM nOBopOT, HAYIgeM BnepeA C II1Hpo-
KO pa3BepHYTbIM 3HaMeHeM" 1, - 3aKOHqHJI. CBOM
OTqeT CTaAHH.
C'be3A YAeJl.HJI. Cepbe3HOe BHHMaHHe. HagHo-
HaJl.bHOMY Bonpocy. B AOKAaAe no HagHoHaJl.b-
HOMY Bonpocy CTaJ\.HH nOAqepKHYJl. orpOMHoe
Me2KAYHapoAHoe 3HaqeHHe HaIIleM Ha!JHOHaJl.bHOM
nOAHTHKH, YKa3aJl., qTO yrHeTeHHbIe HapoAbl Bo-
CTOKa H 3anaAa BH,lJ,HT B COBeTCKOM COW3e
06pa3eg pa3peIIleHH.H HagHoHaJl.bHoro Bonpo-
ca CTaAHH YKa3aJl. Ha He06xOAHMOCTb aHeprHq-
HOM pa60TbI no AHKBHAagHH X03.HMCTBeHHoro H
KYJl.bTypHoro HepaBeHCTBa Me2KAY HapOAaMH
COBeTCKoro. COI03a. CTaJl.HH npH3BaJ\. BCIO
napTHW K peIIlHTeJ\.bHOM 60Pb6e C BeAHKOpyC-
CKHM WOBHHH3MOM H MeCTHbIM HagHoHaAH3MOM,
1 "I1CTOpHJI BKD(6). KpaTKHH KYPC", CTp. 252.
7.
91

YCHJ\.HBIIIHMC.H B CBH3H C qaCTHqHbIM OLKHBJ\.eHHeM
KanHTaJ\.H3Ma. CTaJ\.HH pa306J1.aqHA rpY3HHCKHX
, HagHoHaA-YKAOHHCTOB, KOTOpblX nOAAepLKHBaAH
TpogKHCTbI.
He ycneJl. OKOHqHTbC.H XII C'be3A, KaK Ha 1'0-
. pH30HTe BbIpHCOBaAaCb Cepbe3Ha.H onaCHOCTb
AJ\..H COBeTcKoM Pecny6AHKH. npHIIIeAIIIHe K BJl.a-
CTH B AHr J1.HH H <PpaH!!HH HaH60Aee peaKgHoH-
HbIe H HHTepBeHgHoHHcTCKHe aJl.eMeHTbI 6ypmya-
3HM nWTaJl.HCb opraHH30BaTb HOBNU noxoA
npOTHB COBeTcKoro COI03a. nOA PYKOBOACTBOM
CTaJ\.HHa napTH.H BbIIIIAa C qeCTblO H3 OCTporo
nOAOmeHH.H, OAepLKaAa KpynHYIO n06eAY Ha AH-
nAOMaTHqeCKOM q>poHTe. Ha CMeHY yrp03aM H
YAbTHMaTYMaM npHIIIeJl. B 1924roAY geAbIH p.Hi
npH3HaHHH CCCP co CTOpOHbI Bcex KpynHbIx
KanHTaJl.HCTHqeCKHX rOCYAapCTB EBponbI. "ToT
q>aKT, qTO MbI BbIIIIJ\.H TorAa H3 3aTpYAHeHHM
6e3 yIgep6a AJI..H AeAa, - YKa3bIBaA CTaAHH,-
C HeCOMHeHHOCTbW rOBopHT 0 TOM, qTO yqeHHKH
TOB. J\eHHHa yme HayqHAHCb KOe-qeMY y CBoero
yqHTeAH" 1.
B .HHBape 1924 rOAa c06paAacb XIII nap-
THuHaH KOHq>epeHgH.H. aHa 3aCA YIIlaJl.a AO-
1 H. CmO.ll.UH. 06 onnosHgHH. CTaThH H pC'lH 1921-1927 rr.,
CTp. 74.
92

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KYCCHH. KOHq>epeHgH.H peIIlHTeJl.bHO OCYAHJl.a
TpogKHCTOB. PeIIleHH.H KOHq>epeHgHH 6bIJl.H
0.ll06peHbI XIII napTHMHbIM C'be3AOM (MaM
1924 1'.) H V KOHrpeCCOM KOMHHTepHa (J1.eTO
1924 1'.).
21 .HHBap.H 1924 rO.lla B fopKax, no.ll MocKBoM,
YMep AeHHH, B02KAb H OCHOBaTeJl.b napTHH 60Ab-
II1eBHKOB, Bom.llb TPY AHI}JHXCH Bcero MHpa.
3HaM.H J\eHHHa, 3HaM.H napTHH BbICOKO nOAHHJI.
H nOHeC AaJl.bIIle CTaJl.HH - BbIAaWI}JHHC.H yqeHHK
AeHHHa, .11. yqIIlHM CbIH 60Jl.bIIleBHCTcKOM napTHH,
"llOCTOMHwM npeeMHHK H BeJ\.HKHH npO"llOAmaTeJl.b
AeAa AeHHHa.
26 .HHBap.H OTKpbI.1\OCb TpaypHoe 3aceAaHHe
II Bcecow3Horo C'be3Aa COBeTOB. Ha HeM BbI-
cTynHA C peqblO CTaJ\.HH. OH AaA OT HMeHH
napTHH BeAHKYIO KJ\..HTBY
., "MbI, KOMMYHHCTbr, -:- J1.WAH oc060ro CKAa-
Aa. MbI CKpoeHbI H3 oc060ro MaTepHaJ\.a.
Mbl- Te, KOTopble COCTaBJI..HeM apMHIO Be-
AHKoro npOJl.eTapCKoro CTpaTera, apMHW
TOBapHI}Ja AeHHHa. HeT HHqerO BbIIIIe, KaK
qeCTb npHHaAAe2KaTb K aToH apMHH. HeT
HHqerO BbIIIIe, KaK 3BaHHe qAeHa napTHH,
OCHOBaTeAeM 'H PYKoBoAHTeAeM KOTOpOH
.HBJI..HeTC.H TOBapHI}J J\eHHH...
93

Y XOI/R om Hac, mOBapu1.jJ .AeHU1-l saBe1.jJaA
HaM I/epmamb BblCOKO u xpaHumb B
ZLucmome BeAUKoe SBaHue ZLAeHa napmuu.
KARHeMCR me6e, mOBapu1.jJ JleHuH, ZLmo
.!Ubi C ZLecmb10 BblnOAHUM amy mB010
SanOBel/bl..
YXOI/R om Hac, mOBapu1.jJ JleHuH saBe-
1.jJaA HaM xpaHumb el/UHCmBO Haweu nap-
muu, KaK seHUUY OKa. KARHeMCR me6e,
mOBapu1.jJ JleHuH, ZLmo Mbl C ZLecmb10 BblnOA-
HUM U amy mB010 SanOBel/b!..
YXOI/R om Hac, mOBapu1.jJ JleHuH saBe-
1.jJaA HaM xpaHumb U YKpenARmb I/UKma-
mypy npOAemapuama. KARHeMCR me6e,
mOBapu1.jJ JleHuH, ZLmo Mbl He n01.jJaI/UM
CBOUX CUA I/AR mOlD, ZLmo6bl BblnOAHumb
C llecmb10 U amy mB010 SanOBel/b!..
YXOI/R om Hac, mOBapu1.jJ JleHuH 3aBe-
ljJ,aA HaM YKpenARmb BceMU CUAaMU C010S
pa60ZLUX U KpecmbRH. KARHeMCR me6e,
mOBapu1.jJ JleHuH, ZLmo Mbl C ZLecmb10 Bbl-
nOAHUM U amy mB010 SanOBel/b!..
T OBapHI}J AeHHH HeYCTaHHO rOBOpH.1\ HaM
o He06xOAHMOCTH A06pOBOJl.bHOrO COlO3a
HapoAoB HaIIleH CTpaHbI, 0 He06xoAHMOCTH
6paTCKoro HX COTpYAHHqeCTBa B paMKax
COlO3a Pecny6J1.HK.
94


YXOAR om Hac, mooapulJ:!, Jl.eHuH saoe-
lJj,aA HaM YKpenARmb U paClUupRmb COlOS
pecny6AUK. KAlHeMCR me6e, mooapulJ:!,
JleHuH, qmo Mbl oblnOAHUM C qeCmblO U
amy moolO sanooeAbl..
AeHHH He pa3 YKa3bIBaA HaM, qTO YKpe-
nAeHHe KpacHoM ApMHH H YJl.yqIIleHHe ee
COCTO.HHH.H .HBJ\..HeTCH OAHOM H3 BaiKHeMIIIHX
3aAaq HaIIleM napTHH... nOK.II..HHeMC.H me,.
TOBapHIgH, qTO MbI He nOI}JaAHM CHJI. AA.H
Toro, qT06bI YKpenHTb Hawy KpaCHYW Ap-
MHIO, HaIIl KpaCHbIM <PAOT...
Y XOAR om Hac, mooapulJj, JleHuH saoe-
lJj,aA HaM oepHocmb npUHuunaM KOMMY-
HUCmUqeCKOlO I1HmepHauuoHaAa. KARHeMCR
me6e, mooapulJ:!, JleHuH, qmo .Mbl He no-
lJj,aAUM cooeu Jl(USHU AAH molO, qm06bl
YKpenAHmb U paClUupRmb COlOS mpYAR-
lJj,UXCR ocelO Mupa - KO.MMYHUCmUqeCKUU
I1HmepHauuoHaAI" 1.
BTO 6bIJl.a. KJ\..HTBa 60AbIIleBHcTcKOM napTHH
cBoeMY yqHTeJl.IO H BomAW, AeHHHY, KOTOpbIM 6y-
AeT iKHTb B BeKax. BTY K.II..HTBY napTH.H nOA py-
KOBOACTBOM CTaAHHa BbInOAH.HAa H BbInOAH.HeT
C qeCTbW.
1 H. Cma.llUH. 0 ACHHHC, 1945 r., CTp. 16-19.
95

B AeHb nepBoM rOAOBIgHHbI co AH.H CMepTH
AeHHHa B nHCbMe B peAaKgHIO "Pa60qeM fa-
3eTbI" CTaJl.HH nHcaA:
"nOMHHTe, J1.w6HTe, H3yqaMTe l1J1.bHqa, HaIIlero
yqHTeJl..H, HaIIlero B01K,lJ,H.
60pHTeCb H n06emaMTe BparOB, BHYTpeHHHX
H BHeIIlHHX, - no l1J1.bHqy.
CTpoMTe HOBYIO mH3Hb, HOBbIM 6bIT, HOBYIO
KYJl.bTYPy,-no l1J1.bHqy.
HHKor Aa He OTKa.3bIBaMTecb OT MaJl.OrO B
pa60Te, H60 H3 Ma.ll.OrO CTpOHTC.H BeJl.HKOe,-
B aTOM OAHH H3 BamHbIX 3aBeTOB I1AbHqa" 1.
- COBeTCKHH HapoA HeYKJl.OHHO CAeAOBaA H
CJl.eAyeT aTHM CAOBaM CTaJl.HHa.
nOJ\.b3Y.HCb CHaqaAa 60Ae3HbIO, a 3aTeM
CMepTbW AeHHHa, BparH cogHaAH3Ma nbITaAHCb
CBepHYTb napTHIO C AeHHHCKoro nYTH, tIT06bI
TeM caMbIM nOArOTOBHTb YCJl.OBH.H AJ\..H BOCCTaHO-
BAeHH.H KanHTaJ\.H3Ma B HaIIleM CTpaHe. Oc06eHHO
HpOCTHO HanaAaJl.H Ha napTHW MaTepbIH Bpar
AeHHHH3Ma TpOgKHH Hero cnoAPyqHbIe. Tpog-
i KHCTbI HaB.H3aJ\.H napTHH HOBYW AHCKYCCHW.
60pb6a HOCHAa OmeCTOqeHHbIM xapaKTep. CTaJl.HH
BCKpbIJI. nOJl.HTHqeCKYW CYTb BbIcTynAeHHH Tpog-
KHCTOB, nOKa3aJl., qTO AeAO HAer 0 mH3HH. H
1 "Pa6o'laJl raaeTa" N!! 17, 21 JlHBapJl 1925 r.
96

CMepTH napTHH, CnJl.OTHJI. napTHHHbIe Ka,4pbI
H opraHH30BaA pa3rpOM TpogKH3Ma.
B CBoeM peqH "TpogKH3M HAH J1.eHHHH3M?",
npoH3HeceHHoM Ha nAeHYMe q>paKgHH Bycnc
B HO.H6pe 1924 rOAa, CTaJl.HH YKa3bIBaJl., qTO
B 60pb6e C TpogKH3MOM B aTOT nepHoA ,,3a,4aqa
napTHH COCTOHT B TOM, qT06bI noxopOHumb
mpO!!,KU3.M, KaK U/feUHOe me'leHue". OH YKa3aJl.
napTHH, qTO B Tor AaWHHX YCJ\.OBH.HX TpogKH3M
.HBA.HJl.CH rAaBHoM onaCHOCTbW.
"B AaHHbIM MOMeHT,-rOBOpHJI. CTaJl.HH,-
nocJl.e n06e,4bI OKT.H6p.H, B HaCTO.HIgHX YCAOBH.HX
Hana, HaH60Jl.ee onaCHbIM HY2KHO CqHTaTb Tpog-
KH3M, H60 OH CTapaeTC.H npHBHTb HeBepHe B CHJl.bI
HaIIleM peBOJl.lOgHH, HeBepHe B AeJl.o COW3a pa-
60qHX H KpeCTb.HH, HeBepHe B AeAO npeBpa-
IgeHHH POCCHH HanOBCKOM B POCCHW cogHaJl.H-
CTHqeCKYW" 1.
CTaAHH AOKa3aA, qTO H,4eMHbIM pa3rpOM Tpog-
KH3Ma .HBA.HeTC.H YCAOBHeM, He06xoAHMbIM AJI..H
Toro, qT06bI 06eCneqHTb AaAbHeMIIIee no6eAo-
HOCHoe ABHmeHHe Bnepe,4 K cogHaJ\.H3MY. CTaJl.HH,
rOBOpHJ\.:
. "He pa36HB TpogKH3Ma, HeAb3.H
rr06eAbI B YCAOBH.HX Hana, HeAb3.H
A06HTbC»
A06HTbC.H
1 H. Cma.ll.UH. KpCCTbJlHCKHH Bonpoc. CTaThH H PC'lH, 1926 r., .
CTp. 55.
97

npeBpaI}JeHH.H HbIHeIIlHeH POCCHH B POCCHIO
cogHaAHCTHqeCKYW" 1.
B 60.HX npOTHB TpogKH3Ma CTaAHH CnAOTHA
napTHIO BOKpyr lJ,K H M06HJl.H30Ba.1\ ee Ha AaAb-
l!eMIIIYIO 6oPb6y 3a n06eAY cogHaAI:I3Ma B Ha-
II1eH CTpaHe.
I1cKJ\.wqHTeJ\.bHo 60Jl.bIIlOe 3HaqeHHe B AeAe
HAeHHoro pa3rpOMa TpogKH3Ma, B AeAe 3aI}JHTbI,
060CHOBaHH.H H pa3BHTH.H J1.eHHHH3Ma HMeJl.a Teo-
peTHqeCKa.H pa60Ta CTaJl.HHa ,,06 OCHOBax
J1.eHHHH3Ma", BbIIIIeAWa.H B 1924 rOAY. BTa pa-
60Ta .HBJ\HeTC.H MacTepcKHM H3J\.omeHHeM H 1'.11. y-
60KHM TeOpeTHqeCKHM 060cHoBaHHeM J1.eHHHH-
3Ma. aHa BoopymHAa TorAa H BoopymaeT Tenepb
60AbIIleBHKOB BO BCeM MHpe OCTpbIM opymHeM
MapKcHCTCKO-J1.eHHHCKoM TeopHH.
B aTOH pa60Te AaHO H3J1.0meHHe OCHOB J1.eHH-
HH3Ma, T. e. Toro HOBoro H oc06eHHoro, qTO
CB.H3aHO C HMeHeM J\eHHHa, qTO BHeC AeHHH
B pa3BHTHe MapKcHcTCKOM TeopHH. Y me OAHO
TO 06CTO.HTeJl.bCTBO, qTO 6bIJl.0 AaHO TaKoe 06-
06IgeHHe BonpocoB J1.eHHHH3Ma, qTO BCe HAeM-
Hoe cOAepmaHHe J\.eHHHCKoro HaCAeACTBa 6bIJl.Q
c06paHO H paCCMOTpeHO nOA yr AOM 3peHH.H
1 H. Cma.ll.UH. KpCCThJlHCKHH Bonpoc. CTaThH H pe'lB, 1926 r.,
CTp. 55.
98

HOBOH HCTopHqecKoM anOXH, 03HaqaAO rHraHT-
cKHH war BnepeA B pa3BHTHH HaYKH MapKCH3Ma-
J1.eHHHH3Ma. Bce BonpOCbI J1.eHHHCKoro yqeHH.H
nOAH.HTbI B. aTOM pa60Te Ha OrpOMHYIO npHH"
!!HnHaJl.bHYw BbICOTY. B cBoeM pa60Te CTa.1\HH
AaeT- KJl.aCCHqeCKOe onpeAeJ\.eHHe J1.eHHHH3Ma.
CTaJl.HH nOKa3bIBaeT, KaK AeHHH pa3BHJI. Map-
KCH3M AaJl.bllle, B YCAOBH.HX HOBOM anoxH, anOXH
HMnepHaJl.H3Ma H npO.1\eTapCKHx peBoAwgHM.
Pa60Ta no BOCCTaHOBJl.eHHIO HapOAHoro xo-
3.HMCTBa nOAxoAHJl.a K KOHgy. I13MeHHJl.aCb MemAY-
HapOAHa.H H BHYTpeHH.H.H06cTaHoBKa COBeTcKoro
Cow3a. B KanHTaJl.HCTHqeCKHX cTpaHax Ha-
cTynHJI. BpeMeHHblH OT J1.HB peBoAwgHH, YCTaHoBH-
J1.aCb BpeMeHHaH qaCTHqHa.H cTa6HJl.H3agH.H Ka-
nHTaJl.H3Ma. B CCCP 6bIJI. AOCTHrHYT AOBoeHHbIH
ypoBeHb X03.HMCTBa. HaAo 6bIJl.0 ABHraTbC.H
Aa.1\bIIle. Co BceH oCTpoToM BCTaA Bonpoc 0 nep-
cneKTHBax HaIIlero cTpoHTeAbcTBa, 0 cY Ab6ax
cogHaJl.H3Ma B COBeTcKoM Cow3e.
,C reHHaJl.bHo'M np030pJl.HBOCTblO onpeAeA.HeT
CTa.1\HH nepcneKTHBY H KOHKpeTHNe nYTH AaA
HeHIIIero pa3BHTH.H peBoJl.lOgHH.
"LKeAalO pa60qHM 3aBOAa "AHHaMo",-rrHcaJl.
OH B 1924 rOAy,-KaK H pa60qHM BceH POCCHH,
'lTo6bI rrpOMbIIIIAeHHOCTb nOIIlAa B ropy, I:IT06bI
'lHCAO rrpoAeTapHeB B POCCHH rrOAH.HAOCb B
99

6AHmaMllIHM nepHoA AO 20-30 MAH.; qT06bI
KOJl.J\.eKTHBHoe X03.HMCTBO B AepeBHe pacgBeAo
H nOAqHHHAO CBOCMY BAHHHHIO qaCTHOe X03.HM-
CTBO; qT06bI BbICOKa.H HH,lI;YCTpH.H H KOAAeKTHBHoe
X03.HMCTBO B ,lI;epeBHe cnAOTHAH OKOHqaTeAbHO
npOJ\.eTapHeB q>a6pHK H TpymeHHKoB 3eMJ\.H B
OAHY cogHaAHCTHqeCKYIO apMHIO; \.IT06bI n06eAa
B POCCHH YBeHqaJl.aCb n06e,ll;oM BO BCeM MHpe" 1.
T eOpeTHqeCKH 0606IMa.H onbIT BeAHKoM OK-
T.H6pbCKOM cogHaAHCTHqeCKOM peBOJ\.lOgHH, onbIT
nepBbIX AeT cogHaAHCTHqeCKOrO CTpOHTeAbCTBa
B KanHTaJl.HCTHqeCKOM 'oKPymeHHH, CTaAHH OT-
CTO.HJI. H pa3BHA AaJl.bIIle AeHHHCKoe yqCHHe 0
i n06eAe cogHaJl.H3Ma B OAROM CTpaHe.
B AeKa6pe 1924 rO,ll;a BbIIIIJl.a H3BeCTHa.H
pa60Ta CTaJ\.HHa ..OKT.H6pbCKa.H peBoJl.lOgHH H
TaKTHKa PYCCKHX KOMMYHHCTOB". 060CHOBbIBa.H
B aToM pa60Te J1.eHHHCKoe nOJl.omeHHe 0 n06eAe
cogHaAH3Ma B o,ll;HOM cTpaHe, CTaAHH nOKa3aA,
qTO cJl.e,ll;yeT pa3AHqaTb ,lI;Be CTOpOHbI aToro
Bonpoca: BHYTpeHHlO1O H Mem,ll;YHapo,l\HYw. BHYT-
peHH.H.H CTopoHa - aTO Bonpoc 0 B3aHMOOTHO-
II1eHH.HX KAaCCOB BHYTPH CTpaHbI, CTpO.HIgeM
cogHaAH3M; Mem,ll;YHapOAHa.H - aTO Bonpoc 0
B.3aHMOOTHOIIleHH.HX Mem,ll;Y CCCP, nOKa eI}Je
1 r. K. 0pAmOHUHUAse. I1s6paHHhIe CTaThH H PC'lH 1911-
1937, USA. 1939 r., CTp. 450.
100

eAHHCTBeHHOI1: CTpaHOH cogHaJl.H3Ma, H KanH-
Ta.1\HCTHqeCKHM oKpymeHHeM. C BnyTpeHHHMH
TpYAHOCT.HMH pa60qHe H KpeCTb.HHe CCCP
BnOAHe MorYT cnpaBHTbC.H c06CTBeHHbIMH CMAaMH,
OHH BnOAHe MorYT OAOAeTb aKOHOMHqeCKH CBOIO
c06CTBeHHYW 6ypmya3Hw H nOCTpOHTb nOAHoe
C0!JHaAHCTHqeCKOe 06I}JeCTBO. Ho AO. Tex nop,
nOKa CYI}JeCTByeT KanHTaAHCTHqeCKOe oKpyme-
HHe, CYIgeCTByeT H onaCHOCTb KanHTaAHCTH-
- qeCKOM HHTepBeHgHH npOTHB CCCP H peCTaB-
,pa!JHH KanHTaAH3Ma. Ih06bI YCTpaHHTb STY
onaCHOCTb, He06xOAHMO YHHqTOmHTb caMoe Ka-
nHTaAHCTHqeCKOe oKpymeHHe, a YHHQT02KHTb
KanHTaJl.HCTHqeCKOe oKpymeHHe B03M02KH0 AHIIIb
B pe3Y AbTaTe n06eAbI npOJl.eTapCKoM peBoJl.lOgHH
no KpaHHeM Mepe B HeCKOAbKHX CTpaHax.. T OJl.bKO
Tor Aa n06eAa cogHaJl.H3Ma B CCCP CMomeT
CqHTaTbC.H nOJl.Hoi( OKOHqaTeJl.bHOH n06eAoM.
BTH nOAOmeHH.H CTaJl.HHa .1\er AH B OCHOBY
HCTOpHqeCKOH pe30AwgHH XIV KOHq>epeHgHH
napTHH (anpeJl.b 1925 1'.). KOHq>epeHgH.H YT-
BepAHJ\.a J1.eHHHCKO-CTaAHHCKYIO YCTaHOBKY Ha
n06eAY cogHaJ\.H3Ma B CCCP; KaK 3aKOH nap-
THH, 06.H3aTeJl.bHbIU 'A)\.H Bcex qJ\.eHOB napTHH.
B AOKJl.aAe Ha aKTHBe MocKoBcKoM napTHMHoH
opraHH3agHH "K HToraM pa60T XIV KOHq>epeH-
gHH PKn(6)" CTaAHH 06paTHA oc060e BHHMaHHe
101

Ha BOBAeqeHHe KpeCTb.HH-CepeAH.HKOB B AeJl.o
CTpOHTeJl.bCTBa cogHaJl.H3Ma. CTaAHH rOBOpHJI.:
"r .lWBHOe menepb cocmoum B mOM, qmOObl
cn.ltOmUmb cepe/(HRKOB BOKpgl npO.ltemapuama,
aaBoeBamb UX BHOBb. f AaBHoe Tenepb COCTOHT
B TOM, qT06bI COMKHYTbC.H C OCHOBHOH MaccoM
KpeCTbHHCTBa, nOAH.HTb ee MaTepHaAbHbIM H
KYAbTYPHWM ypOBeHb H ABHHYTbC.H BnepeA BMe-
CTe C aToM oCHoBHoM MaccoH no nYTH K cogHa-
.1\H3MY. f J\.aBHoe COCTOHT B TOM, qT06bI CTpOHTb
cogHa.1\H3M BMeCTe C KpeCTb.HHCTBOM, 06H3aTeJl.b-
HO BMeCTe C KpeCTbHHCTBOM H 06.H3aTe.1\bHO nOA
PYKOBOACTBOM pa60qero KJl.aCCa, H60 PYKOBOA-
CTBO pa60qero KJl.aCCa .HBMIeTC.H OCHOBHOH ra-
paHTHeM Toro, qTO CTpOHTeJl.bCTBO nOHAeT no
nYTH K cogHaJl.H3MY" 1 .
B AeKa6pe 1925 rOAa OTKpbI.1\C.H XIV C'be3A
napTl'm. B nOJl.HTHqeCKOM OTqeTe !JK CTaAHH
HapHCOBaJl. .HpKYIO KapTHHY pOCTa nO.1\HTH-
qeCKOM H X03HMcTBeHHoM MOIgH COBeTCKoro
COI03a. OAHaKO, rOBOpHJI. CTaJ\HH, MbI He MomeM
Y AOB.1\eTBOpHTbCH aTHMH ycnexaMH, 1'160 cTpaHa
HaIIla npoAoAm.aeT OCTaBaTbCH oTcTaAoH, ar-
papHoM. 4JU1 Toro, qT06bI 06eCneqHTb aKOHO-
MHqecKYIO caMOCTOHTeJl.bHOCTb HaIIleH: cTpaHbl
..
1 H. Cma,llUH. BonpOChI J\€HHHHSMa, HSA. 9-e, CTp. 127-128.
102

H YKpenHTb ee 060POHOCI10c06HOCTb, AA.H Toro,
qTo6bI C03,lJ,aTb He06xOAHMYW AJI..H n06eAbI
cogHaAH3Ma aKOHOMHqeCKYW 6a3Y, - HaAo npe-
BpaTHTb HaIIlY CTpaHY H3 arpapHOH B HHAYCTPH-
aJl.bHYW.
C TPH6YHbI XIV C'be3Aa BomAb napTHH 1'0-
BOpHJI.:
"npeBpaTHTb HaIIlY CTpaHY
B HHAYCTpHaJl.bHYW, cnoc06HYIO
CBOHMH c06CTBeHHbIMH CH.1\aMH
060py AOBaHHe, - BOT B qeM CYTb,
reHepaAbHOH AHHHH" 1.
CTaJl.HHCKOMY nJl.aHY cogHaAHCTHqeCKOM HHAY-
CTpHaJl.H3aYHH KanHTY Jl.HHTbI 3HHOBbeB H KaMe-
HeB nblTaJl.HCb npOTHBonOCTaBHTb CBOH "nAaH",
cor J1.aCHO KOTOPOMY CCCP AOJl.meH 6bIJI. OCTaTbC.H
arpapHoM cTpaHoM. BTO 6bIJ\. rrpeAaTeJl.bCKHH
n.J\aH 3aKa6aJl.eHH.H CCCP H BbIAaqH ero co
CB.H3aHHbIMH HoraMH H PYKaMH HMnepHaJl.HCTH-
qeCKHM XHIgHHKaM.
CTaJl.HH copBaA MaCKH' C aTHX rrpe3peHHbIX
KanHTYJI..HHTOB, BCKpbIA HX TpogKHcTcKo-MeHb-
weBHCTCKYIO CYI}JHOCTb.
Ha XIV C'be3Ae CTaJ\.HH nOAqepKHYJI., qTO
BamHeMIIIeM 3aAaqeH napTHH .HBJI..HeTC.H npOqHbIH
H3 arpapHoM
rrpOH3BOAHTb
He06xoAHMoe
OCHOBa HaIIleM
1 "XIV C'hCSA BCCCOIOSHOH KOMMYHHCTH'lCCKOH napTJtH (6). CTCHO-
rpaq>H1JecKJtH OT1JiiT", 1926 r., CTp. 488.
103

COlO3 pa60qero KAacca C CepeAH.HKOM B ,lteAe
CTpOHTeAbCTBa cogHaAH3Ma.
XIV C'be3,lt YTBep,ltHJI. B KaqeCTBe OCHOBHOH
3aAaqH napTHH - npOBe,lteHHe cogHaAHCTHqe-
CKOM HHAYCTpHaAH3agHH, 60pb6y 3a n06eAY
cogHa.1\H3Ma B CCCP.
nocJ\.e C'be3Aa, B Haqa.1\e 1926 ro,lta, BbIIIIAa
,pa60Ta CTa.1\HHa "K BonpocaM J1.eHHHH3Ma" .
B STOH HCTOpHqeCKOH pa60Te CTaAHH HAeMHo
pa3rpOMHA J1.HKBH,ltaTopCKYro H KanHTYJl.HHTCKYW
"q>HJ\.OCOq>HW" 3HHoBbeBgeB H 060CHOBaA J1.HHHIO
XIV C'be3,lta napTHH, J1.HHHIO Ha cogHaAHcTH-
qeCKYIO HH,ltYCTpHa.1\H3agHIO CTpaHbl H IIOCTpoe-
HHe cogHaJl.HCTHqeCKOrO 06I}JeCTBa. OH BOOpy-
mHJI. napTHW H pa60qHH KAacc HecoKPYIIIHMOM
BepoM B n06eAY cogHaJl.HCTHqeCKOrO CTpH-
TeJl.bCTBa.
napTH.H 60Jl.bIIleBHKoB, HaKonHB CHJl.bI H cpeA-
CTBa H oT6poCHB npOqb KanHTY A.HHTOB H Ma.
J1.0BepOB, nOABeJl.a CTpaHY K HOBOMY HCTOPH-
qeCKOMY a'l:any - K sTany cogHaJl.HCTHqeCKOH
HH,ltYCTpHaJl.H3agHH.
B aToM 60Pb6e'c MaJl.OBepaMH H KaIIHTY A.HH:"
TaMH, TpogKHcTaMH H 3HHoBbeBgaMH, 6yxapH-
HbIMH H KaMeHeBbIMH OKOHqaTeAbHO CJl.OmHAOCb
nocJ\.e BbIXOAa.. AeHHHa H3 CTpO.H TO PYKOBO,lJ,H-
!,gee .H,ltpO HaIIleH napTHH B COCTaBe CTaJ\.HHa,
104 .

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11. B. CTaAHH If C, M. RHpOB. AeHHHrpaA. 1926 r.
(/JOTO.
.

MOJl.OTOBa, KaAHHHHa, BopowHAoBa, KYM6bIIIIeBa,
<ppYH3e, A3epmHHCKoro, KaraHOBHqa, OPNKO-
HHKHA3e, KHpOBa, .HpocAaBCKoro, MHKO.HHa,
. AHApeeBa, WBepHHKa, LKAaHoBa, WKHpHTOBa
H ApyrHx, - KOTopoe OTC,!-,O.HAO BeAHKoe 3HaM.H
AeHHHa, cnAOTHJ\.O napTHIO BOKpyr 3aBeTOB
AeHHHa H BbIBeAO cOEeTcKHM HapoA Ha II1Hpo-
KYW Aopory HHAYCTpHaJl.H3agHH CTpaHM H KOJl.-
J1.eKTHBH3agHH ceAbCKoro x03HMcTBa. PYKOBo-
AH'reAeM SToro .HApa H BeAYI}JeM CHAOM napTHH
H rocy AapCTBa 6bIJI. TOBapHI}J CTaAHH.
MaCTepCKH BbIllOAH.H.H 3aAaqH B01K,lJ,H napTHH
H HapoAa H HMe.H nOJl.HYIO nOAAepmKY Bcero
COBeTCKoro HapoAa, CTaJ\.HH, OAHaKO, He Aony-
CKaJl. B CBoeH Ae.HTeJl.bHOCTH H TeHH caMOMHeHH.H'
3a3HaMcTBa, caMOAI060BaHH.H. B CBOeM HHTepBblO
HeMegKOMY nHcaTeAIO J\IOABHry, rAe OH OTMe-
lIJaeT BeAHKYW pOAb reHHa.ll.bHOrO AeHHHa B Ae.1\e
npe06pa30BaHH.H HaIIleM pOAHHbI, CTaJ\.HH npOCTO
3aHBA.HeT 0 ce6e: ,,4TO KacaeTCH MeH.H, TO H
TOAbKO yqeHHK AeHHHa, H MO.H geJ\.b - 6bITb AO-
CTOMHbIM ero yqeHHKOM" 1.
*
1 N. Cma.ll.UH. B£ccAa C BCMt'gKHM DHcaT('J\eM SMHJ\eM J\.IO:1.-
BHrOM. 1938 r.t CTp. 3.
8 H. B. CTaAHB


-1 \VJuur 

]  [ H4YCTI1AJ\H3A!!I1.H B CTOpHqeCK
I[ J. KpaTqaHIIIHe CpOKH TaKOH orpOMHOH
-- - H BMeCTe C TeM OTCTaJl.OH B aKOHOMH-
lJeCKOM OTHOIIleHMR CTpaHbI, KaKoM .HBA.HAC.H
COBeTCKHM COW3 B TOT nepHoA, npeACTaB.1\.HAa
rHraHTCKHe TPYAHOCTH. HymHo 6bIAO 1I0CTpOHTb
3aHOBO geAbIM p.HA OTpaCJl.eH HHAYCTPHH, HeR3-
BeCTHbIX CTapOH gapcKoM POCCHH. HymHo 6blA0
C03AaTb HOBYIO 060POHHYlO npOMbIlllAeHHOCTb,
KOTOpOH He 6blA0 B npemHeH POCCMH. HymHo
6bIAO 1I0CTpOHTb 3aBoAbI cOBpeMeHHbIx CeJl.b-
CKOX03.HMCTBeHHbIx MallIHH, HeBe;r;OMbIx CTapoH
AepeBHe. BTO Tpe60BaAo KOAoccaAbHbIx cpeAcTB.
KanHTaJl.HCTHqeCKHe rOCYAapCTBa Ao6NBaAH HX
6eCII0I}JaAHoM sKcIIJI.yaTagHeH Hapo,lJ,a, 3aXBaT-
HHqeCKHMH BOHHaMH, KpoBaBhIM rpa6emoM KO-
106

.ll.OHHM H 3aBHCHMbIX CTpaH, BHeWHHMH 3aMMaMH.
Ho COBeTCKa.H CTpaHa He MOl' Aa nOJl.b30BaTbC.H
STHMH rp.H3HbIMH HCTOqHHKaMH, a nYTh BHeIIl-
HHX 3aMMOB 6bIJI. AJ\..H Hee 3aKphIT KanHTaAH-
CTaMH. OCTaBa.ll.OCb A06bITb cpeACTBa TOAbKO
BHYTPH COEeTcKoM CTpaHbI.
OnMpa.HCb Ha YKa3aHH.H AeHHHa, CTaAHH pa3-
pa60TaJl. nOAOmeH.UH 0 coy,uaAucmUlleCKOU UH.-
AycmpuaAu3ay,uu HaIIleH CTpaHbI. OH nOKa-
a.ll., liTO:
1) CYI}JeCTBO HHAycTpHaJl.H3agHH COCTOHT He
B npOCTOM pOCTe npOMbIIIIJl.eHHOCTH, a B pa3-
BHTHH- T.HmeAOH HHAYCTPHH H npemAe Bcero ee
cepAgeBHHbl- MawHHocTpOeHH.H, 1160 TOJl.bKO
C03,4aHHe T.HmeAOH HHAYCTPHH H c05cTBeHHoro
MaIIlHHocTpOeHH.H 06eCneqHBaeT MaTepHaAbHYw
6a3Y cogMaAH3Ma H CTaBHT cTpaHY cogHaAH3Ma
B He3aBHCHMoe OT KanHTaAHCTHqeCKOrO MHpa
nOAmKeHHe;
2) aKcnponpHagH.H nOMeI.!!HKOB H KanHTallU-
CTOB B HaIIleM CTpaHe B pe3YJl.bTaTe OKT.H6pb-
CKOM cogHaAHCTHqeCKOM peBoAlOgHH, YHH'.ITOme-
HMe lIacTHoM C06C'fBeHHOCTH Ha 3eMAIO, q>a6pMKH,
3aBOAbI, 6aHKH H T. A. H nepeAaqa HX B 061!!e-
HapoAHYW c06cTBeHHocTb-C03AaJl.H MOHNH
HCTOqHHK cogHaJl.HCTHqeCKOrO HaKOIT.1\eHH.H AJl.H
pa3BHTH.H HHAYCTPHH;
8'
107

3) cogHaJ\.HCTHqeCKaH HHAycTpHaJ\.H3agH.H B
KopHe OT J1.HqaeTC.H OT KanHTaJl.HCTHqeCKOM -
nOCJ\.eAH.H.H CTpOHTC.H nYTeM KOAOHHaJ\.bHbIX 3a-
XBaTOB H rpa6emeM, BoeHHbIX pa3rpOMOB, Ka6aAb-
HbIX 3aMMOB H 6ecno:rgaAHoM aKcnJl.yaTagHH
pa60qHX Macc H KOAOHHaAbHbIX HapoAOB, a co-
gHaAHCTHqeCKa.H HHAycTpMaAH3agH.H onHpaeTCH
Ha 06I}JecTBeHHYIO c06CTBeHHOCTb Ha cpeACTBa
npOH3BOACTBa, Ha HaKonAeHHe H c6epem.eHHe
60raTcTB, C03,lJ,aBaeMbIX Tpy AOM pa60qHX H Kpe-
CTb.HH; cogHaAHCTHqeCKaH HH,lJ,YCTpHaJl.H3agH.H
Hepa3pbIBHO CB.H3aHa C HeYKJl.OHHbIM Y AyqIIle-
HHeM MaTepHaJ\.bHoro nOAomeHH.H TPY AHI}JHXC.H
Macc;
4) noaTOMY KopeHHbIMH 3aAaqaMH B 60Pb6e
.3a HHAycTpHaJl.H3agHIO .HBJ\.HIOTCH nOBbIIIIeHHe
npoH3BoAHTeAbHocTH TPY Aa, CHHm.eHHe ce6eCTOH-
MOCTH, 60pb6a 3a TpYAOBYIO AHcgHnAHHY, pe..
mHM aKOHOMHH H T. A.;
5) YCJ\.OBH.H CTpOHTeJl.bCTBa cogHaAH.3Ma B
CCCP, TPY AOBoM aHTY3Ha3M pa60qero KJl.aCCa-
AeAalOT B03MOm.HbIM OCYI}JeCTBJl.eHHe He06xoAH-
MbIX BbICOKHX TeMnOB HHAYCTpHaAH3agHH;
6) nYTb K cogHaAHcTHqecKoM nepeAeJl.Ke
ceAbCKoro X03HHCTBa AemHT qepe3 HHAYCTpHa-
J1.H3agHw CTpaHbI, KOTOpa.H AOJl.mHa c03Aa Tb
TeXHHqeCKYIO 6a3Y AA.H aTOM nepeAeAKH.
108

BoopymeHHbIe aToM qeTKOM H .HCHOH nporpaM-
MOM: TPY AHIgHeC.H COBeTCKoro COW3a npHCTY-
DHAH K cogHaAHCTHqeCKOM HHAYCTpHaJ\.H3agHH
CTpaHbI.
HanyraHHbIe ycnexaMH cogHaAHCTHqeCKOM
CTPOM:KH, HMnepHaAHCTbI nonbITaJl.HCb copBaTb
HJl.H xOT.H 6bI 3aTopM03HTb HHAYCTpHaJ\.H3agHw
CTpaHbI nYTeM pa3pbIBa AHnAOMaTHqeCKHX H
'roproBbIX CHOIIleHHM C CCCP (AHr AHH), nYTeM
y6HMcTB COBeTCKHX nOCAOB (OOJ\.bIIla), nYTeM
YCHJ\.eHHH II1nHOHCKoM H AHBepCHOHHOH: pa60TbI.
BHYTpH CTpaHbI 06'beAHHHIOTC.H TpogKHCTbI, 3H-
HOBbeBgbI, OCTaTKH npemAe pa36HTbIX aHTHnap-
THM:HbIX rpynn B npeAaTeJl.bCKHH 6J1.0K, OTKpbIB-
II1HH npOTHB napTHH 6eIIleHYW aTaKY. "CO.3AaeTC.H
HeqTO BpoAe eAHHoro q>pOHTa OT 4eM6epAeHa
AO TpogKoro" , - YKa3bIBaJl. Tor Aa TOBapHIg
CTaJl.HH. HeJl.b3.H 6bIJ\O A06HTbC.H n06eAbi cogHa-
AHCTHqeCKOM HHAYCTpHaJl.H3agHH 6e3 HAeHHoro
H opraHH3agHoHHoro pa3rpOMa TpogKHCTCKO-
3HHOBbeBCKoro 6J\.OKa. nOA PYKOBOACTBOM
TOBapHIga CTaAHHa napTHH pa3rpOMHJ\.a Tpog-
KHCTCKO-3HHoBbeBcKHM 6J\.OK. 40KAaA CTaAHHa
Ha XV napTHMHoH KOHq>epeHgHH ,,0 cogHaJl.-
AeMoKpaTHqeCKOM YKAOHe B HaIIleM napTHH"
(Ho.H6pb 1926 1'.) H AOKJl.aA ero Ha VII pacIIIH-
peHHoM nAeHYMe I1KKI1 "EIge pa3 0 cogHaJ.-
109

-= ..
AeMOKpaTHqeCKOM YKJl.OHe B Harne" napTHH"
(AeKa6pb 1926 1'.) HAeHHo BoopyamAH BKD(6)
H KOMHHTepH H 06eCneqH.1\H MOHOAHTHOCTb H
CnAOqeHHOCTb napTHHHwX P.HAOB.
PacIIIHpeHHbIM ITAeHYM HKKH B CBOHX
pemeHHHX 3aKAeHMHA CTOpOHHHKOB Tpog-
KHCTCKO-3HHOBbeBCKoro 6AoKa, KaK pacKoAb-
HHKOB, CKaTMBWHXC.H Ha MeHbweBHCTCKHe no-
3MgHH.
Pa3rpoMHB H oT6poCHB KanHTYJl.HHTOB H 3a-
I!!HTHHKOB KanHTaAH3Ma, 60AbIIleBHKH npooJl.-
maJl.H AeAO cogHaAHcTHqecKoM HHAYCTpHaAH3a-
gHH HaIIleH CTpaHbI.
HH oAlia 06J1.aCTb, HH OAHH Bonpoc If HAY-
CTpHaJ\.H3agHH He YCKOAb3aAH H3 nOAH 3peHH.H
CTaAHHa. CTaAHH - HHHgHaTop C03AaHH.H HOBbIX
OTpaC.1\eM rrpOMbIIIlAeHHOCTH, pa3BHTH.H H peKOH-
CTPYKgHH paHee OTCTaJl.bIX oTpacAeM. CTaAHH-
BAOXHOBHTe.1\b c03AaHH.H BTOpOM yroAbHO-MeTa.1\-
J\yprHqeCKOM 6a3bl B HaIIleH CTpaHe, CTpOH-
TeJ\bCTBa KY36acca. C'l'a.1\HH - opraHH3aTOp
H PYKOBOAMTe.1\b cogHa.1\HCTHqeCKHX CTpoeK.
CTaAHHrpaAcKHM TpaKTopOCTpOH, )lHerrpocTpOM,
MaI'HHTocTpo:i, YpaAMaIIlCTpOM, POCTOBCKHH
ceAblVIaIIlCTpOM, KY3HegKCTpoH, TYPKCH6, Capa-
TOBCKIIJH KOM6aMHc'.rpOM, CTpOHTeAbCTBO aBTOMO-
6HAbHbIX 3aBOAOE B MocKBe H r OpbKOM H p.HA
110

..
ApyrHx CTpoeK, - Bce OHH CBH3aHbI C HMeHeM
CTaJ\HHa.
fpaliAH03Ha.H KapTUHa CTpO.HIgeroc.H B CCCP
BeJ\HqeCTBeHHoro 3AaHH.H coguaJ\H3Ma npOU3BO-
AHJ\a HeOTpa3HMoe BJ\H.HHHe Ha pa60qHX KanH-
TaJ\HCTUqeCKHX CTpaH. l1aqaJ\.ocb HaCTO.HI}Jee
naJ\.OMHHqeCTBO B CCCP. 4eCHTKH H COTHH pa-
60qHX AeJl.eragHH npHe3maJl.H H C rpoMaAHbIM
HHTepeCOM H 3aXBaTbIBalOIgHM BOJ\HeHHeM 3Ha-
KOMHAHCb C TeM, KaK caMH pa60qHe, nporHaB
CBOUX aKcnJ\yaTaTopOB, CTpOHT HOBoe, cogHa-
J1.HC'l'HqeCKOe 06I}JeCTBO. I1x BCe HHTepeCOBaJ\.O,
OHH BCe XOTeJl.H 3HaTb. 5 HO.H6p.H 1927 rOAa
COCTO.HJl.aCb npOAOJl.mHTeAbHa.H 6eceAa CTaAHHa
c pa60qHMH AeAeragH.HMH fepMaHHH, <PpaHgHH,
ABCTPHH, 4eXOC.1\OBaKHH, KHTa.H, EeAbrI-m H
ApyrHx CTpaH.
Yme K KOHM,y 1927 rOAa onpeAeJ\HAHcb pe-
IllalOIgHe ycnexH nOAH'l'HKH cogwaAHCTHqeCKOH
HHAycTpHaAH3agHH. nepBble HTorH 6bIJ\.H nOABe-
AeHbI XV C'be3AOM napTHH, c06paBllIHMC.H B Ae-
Ka6pe 1927 rOAa. B CBOeM OTQeTHOM AOKAaAe
CTaAHH AaA .HpKYIO KapTHHY ycnexoB cogHa-
J\.HcTHqecKoM HHAYCTpHaAH3agHH H nOAqepK-
HY J\ He06xoAHMOCTb AaJ\bHeMIIIero paCI1IHPeHH.H
U YKpenJl.eHH.H cogHaJ\HcTHqeCKHX KOMaHAHWX
BbICOT, KaK B ropOAe, TaK H B AepeBHe, Aepma
111

KYpC Ha .1\HKBHAagHw KanHTaAHCTHQeCKHX sJl.e-
MeHTOB B HapOAHOM X03.HHcTBe.
Ha XV C'be3Ae CTaAHH YKa3aJl. Ha OTCTaBa-
HHe ce.1\bCKOrO X03.HMcTBa OT npOMbIIIIJl.eHHOCTH
II HaMeTHJI. BbIXOA H3 SToro yrpomalOI}Jero BceMY
HapOAHOMY X03HCTBY nOAOmeHH.H.
"BbIXOA, - rOBOpH.1\ . CoraMIH, - B nepeXOAe
MeJl.KHX H pacnbIAeHHbIX KpeCTbJIHCKHX X03HMCTB
Ha KpynHble H 06'beAlmeHHblC X03HMcTBa Ha
OCHOBe 06I}JecTBeHHoM 06pa60TKH 3eMJl.H, B
nepeXOAe Ha KOJl.J1.eKTHBHYW 06pa60TKY 3eMAH
Ha 6a3e HOBOH, BbICllIeM 'reXHHKH. BbIXOA B
TOM, qT06bI MeJl.KHe H MeAbqaMIl1He KpeCTb.HH-
CKHe X03HMc1'Ba nOCTeneHHO, HO HeYKJl.OHHO,
He B nopHAKe HamHMa, a B nOp.HAKe IIOKa3a H
y6emAeHH.H, 06'beAHH.HTb B _ [{pynHbIe X03.HMCTBa
Ha OCHOBe 06I!!eCTBeHHOM, TOBapHl!!eCKoM, KOJl.-
J1.eKTHBHoM 06pa60TKH 3eM.1\H, c npHMeHeHHeM
CeJl.bCKOX03.HMCTBeHHbIX MaIIlHH H TpaKTopOB,
C npHMeHeHHeM HayqHbIX rrpHeMOB HHTeHcHqm-
KagH" 3eMJl.eAeJl.HH. 4pyroro BbIXOAa HeT" 1.
nOqeMY HaIIla CTpaHa CTa.1\a Ha rrYTb CTPOH-
TeJl.bCTBa KO.1\X030B?
Y me K nepHoAY XV C'be3Aa napTHH BCe 60
Aee 3aMeTHbIM CTaHOBHJl.OCb OTCTaBaHHe ceAb-
1 "HCTOpHJI BKn(6). KpSTKHH KYPC", CTp. 215.
112

CKoro xmmMcTBa, oc06eHHo 3epHOBoro X03.HH-
CTBa. Ba.1\OBa.H npOAYKgHH 3epHa npH6J1.HmaJl.aCb
K AOBoeHHOMY ypOBHW, HO TOBapHa.H qaCTb 3ep-
HOBoH npOAYKgHH, npOAaBaeMa.H Ha CTOPOHY
AA.H cHa6meHH.H ropOAOB H apMHH, COCTaBA.H.1\a
.HeivIHorHM 60Jl.bllie oAHOM TpeTH (37 npogeHToB)
AOBoeHHoro ypOBH.H. B AepeB:He HaCqHTbIBa.1\OCb
OKOJl.O 25 MHAAHOHOB MeAKHX H MeAbqaMllIHX
I{peCTb.HHCKHX X03.HMCTB. A MeAKHe KpeCTb.HH-
CKHe X03HMcTBa no caMoM CBoeM npHpoAe .HBA.H-
.1\HCb nOAYHaTypaAbHbIMH X03.HMcTBaMH, cnoc06-
HbIMH AaTb AHIIIb MHHHMYM TOBapHoro 3epHa
H Hecnoc06HblMH paCIIlHpHTb npOH3BOACTBO,
npHMeH.HTb TpaKTopbI H MaIIlHHbI, nOBbICMTb
yp02KaHHocTb. .l{p06AeHHe KpeCTb.HHCKHX xo-
3.HMCTB H naAeHHe TOBapHOCTH 3epHOBoro X03HH-
CTBa npOAOA2KaAHCb.
"He nO.,lJ,Aema.1\O COMHeHHIO, qTO npH TaKOM
COCTO.HHHH 3epHOBoro X03HMCTBa apMH.H H 1'0-
pOAa CCCP AOAmHbI 6bIAH OqYTHTbC.H nepeA
J\HgOM XpOHHqeCKOrO rO.1\OAa" 1 .
nepeA cTpaHoM CTO.HAH ABe B03MomHOCTH
nepeMTH B CeJl.bCKOM X03.HMcTBe Ha KpynHoe
npoH3BoACTBO, cnoc06Hoe nYCTJ--ITb B xOA TpaK-
TOpbI H ceAbCKOX03.HMCTBeHHbIe MaIIlHHbI H
1 nl1CTOPHJI BKD(6). KpaTRHH KYpC", CTp. 274.
113

rrOAHHTb B HeCKOJl.bKO pa3 TOBapHOCTb 3epHO-
BOI'O X03.HMcTBa. nepBaH B03MomHOCTb: nepeHTH
Ha KpynHoe KanUma.ll.UCmUlleCKoe npOH3BOACTBO
B AepeBHe, qTO 03HaqaJl.O 6bI pa30peHHe KpeCTb-
.HHCKHX Macc, C03AaHHe MaccoBoM 6e3pa60'I'HgbI
B ropoAe, rH6eAb COlO3a pa60qero KJl.aCCa H Kpe-
CTb.HHCTBa, YCHAeHHe KY AaqeCTBa H nopameHHe
cogHaJl.H3Ma. Ha STOT rH6eJl.bHbIM nYTb YCHAeHHO
TOAKaAH rrapTHW npaBbIe KanHTY.1\.HHTbl H npe-
AaTeAH. '
BTOpa.H B03MomHOCTb: CTaTb Ha nYTb 06'bCAH-
HeHH.H MeAKHX KpeCTb.HHCKHX X03.HMCTB B Kpyn-
HbIe couua.ll.UCmUlleCKue X03.HMCTBa, B KOAX03bI,
cnoc06HbIe II1HpOKO HCnOJl.b30BaTb TpaKTopbl H
APyrHe COBpeMeHHbIe MaIIlHHbI AJl.H 6bICTporo'
rrOA'beMa 3epHOBoro X03.HMCTBa Hero TOBapHoM
npOAYKgHH. frcHo, qTO napTH.H 60Jl.bIIleBHKOB H
COBeTcKoe racy AapCTBO MOl' J1.M CTaTb J\.HIIIb Ha
B'l'OpOM nYTb, Ha KO.ll.X03HbiU nYTb pa3BHTH.H
ceAbCKoro X03.HMCTBa.
napTli.H 60.1\bIIleBHKOB HcxoAHJ\.a li3 MY APbIX
YKa3aHHH J\.eHHHa 0 He06xoAHMOCTH nepexoAa
OT MeAKHX KpeCTb.HHCKHX X03.HMCTB K KpyrrHOMY,
KOAJl.eKTHBHOMY, MaIIlHHHOMY 3eM.1\eAeAHW, KOTO-
poe OARO TOAbKO MOl' AO BbIBeCTH AeC.HTKM MHA-
AHOHOB KpeCTbHHCKHX X03.HHCTB H3 BeKoBoM
HymAbI.
114

"MeJl.KMM X03}lMCTBOM 113 HymAbI He BbIMTH" 1,_
YKa3bIBaA AeHHH.
CaMa.H HaCYIMHa.H aKOHOMHqeCKa.H nOTpe6-
HOCTb, HapoAHaH HY2KAa Tpe60na.l\.a nepexoAa
Ha nYTb KOAAeKTHBH3agHH. 11 napTMH 60Jl.bIIle-
BIIKOB nOA PYKOBOACTBOM CTaAHHa npaBH.1\bHO
nOH.H.1\a STY HaCYI}JHYIO SKOHOMHqeCKYIO nOTpe6-
HOCTb, CYMeAa nOBepHYTb MHAAHOHHbIe MaCCbI
KpeCTb.HHCTBa Ha nYTb KOJl.AeKTHBH3agHH.
XV C'be3A BbIHec peIIleHHe 0 BceMepHOM pa3-
BepTbIBaHHH KOAJ\.eKTHBH3agHH CeJl.bCKOrO xo-
3HHCTBa. B TO me BpeMH C'be3A AaA AHpeKTHBY
o COCTaBAeHHH nepBoro n.HTHJ\.eTHero nJ\.aHa
HapoAHoro X03.HMCTBa. TaK B caMbIM pa3-
rap c03AaHH.H cogHaAHCTHqeCKOM HHAYCTpH1-I
CTaAHHbIM HaMeqeHa 6bIAa HOBaH rpaH,lJ,H03HaH
3aAaqa - KOJl.AeKTHBH3agH.H ceAbCKoro X03HR-
CTEa. BbInOJl.HeHHe TaKOR HCTopHqeCKOM 3a,lJ,aqH
Tpe60BaAO caMOM TI}JaTeAbHoM nOArOTOBKH, Ko-
"J.'opa.H no rAy6MHe H pa3Maxy MomeT 6bITb CMeJ\.O
nOCTaBAeHa B OAHH p.HA C nOAroToBKoMBeJ\.HKoH
OKT.H6pbCKOM cogHaAHCTHqeCKOM peBOJ\.lOgHH.
feHHaAbHbIM CTpaTer npOACTapCKOH peBoAlOgHH
CMeAO H HenpeKAOHHO, TII!aTe.1\bHO H OCMO-
TpHTeJ\bHO BeA napTHIO BnepeA, J1.0Ma.H Bee
1 B. H. JleHUH. COIlHHCHH1I, T. XXIV. H3A. 3-e, CTp. 540.
115

npemITCTBH.H Ha nYTH K HaMeqeHHOM geJl.H,
30pKO CAeAH 3a MaHeBpaMH KAaCCOBoro Bpara H
6AeCTHI}Je npeABHAH ero 4eHCTBH.H B 6J1.HmaMIIIeM
6y AYIMeM, MaCTepCKH neperpynnHpOBbIBa.H CHAbI
B XOAe caMoro HacTyrr.1\eHH.H, 3aKpenAH.H 3aH.H-
TbIe n03HgHH, HcnOAb30BbIBa.H pe3epBbI 4A.H pa3-
BHTH.H ycnexa.
naprrHH nOArOTOBHAa Bce He06x04HMbIe Ma-
TepHaAbHbIe YC.II.OBH.H AAH MaCCOBoro BCTynAe-
HH.H KpeCTb.HHCTBa B KOJl.X03bI. 6bIJl.a C03AaHa
HHAYCTpHaAbHa.H 6a3a AA.H cHa6meHH.H AepeBHH
MaIIlHHaMH H TpaKTopaMH, 6a3a AA.H TeXHHIJe-
CKoro nepeBoopymeHH.H ceAbCKoro X03.HMCTBa.
6bIAH HaKonAeHbI AOCTaTOqHbIe cpeACTBa AJI..H
q>HHaHCHpOBaHH.H KOAX03Horo H COBX03Horo
CTpOHTeJl.bCTBa H HanpaBJl.eHbI Ha aTO CTPOH-
TeAbCTBO J1.yqIIlHe J1.I-OAH napTHH H pa60qero
KJl.aCCa, YKpenAeHbI nepBbIe KOAX03bI, KOTopbIe
nOKa3MBaAH KpecTb.HHaM-eAHHOJl.HqHHKaM 06-
pa3gbI BeAeHH.H ROAAeKTHBHoro ceAbCKoro xo-
3.HHCTBa. 6bIAH C03AaHbI MaIIlHHHo-TpaKTopHbIe
cTaHgHH H COBX03bI, nOMoraBIIIHe KpeCTb.HHaM
B AeAe y AyqIIleHH.H X03.HHCTBa.
4y.H CBOIO rH6eAb, KYAaqeCTBO nbITaAOCb
OKa3aTb conpOTHBJl.eHMe, opraHH30BaAo "xJl.e6-
HYw CTaqKY" , AYMa.H TaKHM rrYTeM 3aCTaBHTb
napTHw eCJl.H He KanHTYAHpOBaTb, TO, no Kpav.:-
116

HeH Mepe, oTcTynHTb. B TOM me 1928 rOAY 6bIAa
pacKpbITa KpynHa.H BpeAHTeAb,CKaH opraHw-
3agH.H 6ypmya3HbIx cnegHaAHcToB B WaxTHH-
CKOM paMoHe 40H6acca, a 3aTeM H B ApyrHx
paHoHax. BpeAHTeAH 6bIJ\H CB.H3aHbI C HMnepH-
aAHCTHqeCKHMH rocYAapcTBaMH.
PYKoBoAHMa.H CTaAHHbIM napTH.H npOBeAa
Qpe3BbIqaHHbIe MepbI I1pOTHB KYJ\.aqeCTBa H
CJ\.OMHAa ero conpoTHBAeHHe. B peAHTeJl.H 6bIJl.H
CYPOBO HaKa3aHbI. TOBapHI!! CTaAHH npH3BaA
napTHIO H3BJl.eqb ypOKH H3 II1aXTHHCKoro AeAa
H npem.ll;e Bcero 60AbweBHKaM-X03.HHCTBeHHH-
KaM caMHM CTaTb 3HaTOKaMH TeXHHKH, cnegHa-
J1.HCTaMH H YCKOPHTb nOArOTOBKY HOBbIX Tex-
HHqeCKHX KaApOB H3 pa60qHx.
C nepeXOAOM napTHH B HacTynAeHHe npo-
THB KY AaqeCTBa, Ha cMeHY pa3rpoMAeHHbIM
napTHeH TpogKHcTaM H 3HHoBbeBgaM BbICTY-
"HAH B 1928-1929 rOAax ByxapHH, PbIKOB,
TOMcKHM H BC.H HX aHTHl1apTHHHaH rpynna
npaBbIX KanHTYJl..HHTOB H pecTaBpaTopoB KanH-
TaAH3Ma. B TO me BpeM.H HMnepHaAHCTbI, onH-
pa.HCb Ha KanHTY AHHTCKYW pa60TY npaBbIx,
AeJl.aWT HOBYIO nOnbITKY BT.HHYTb CCCP B BOHHY.
B l'eHepaAbHbIx II1Ta6ax AHr J1.HH H <PpaHgHH
pa3pa6aTbIBalOTC.H nJl.aHbI HOBOH HHTepBeHgHH
"POTHB CCCP, HaMeqeHHoM Ha 1929-1930roAbI.
117


nOA06HO TOMY KaK n06eAa BeAHKoM cogHa-
AHcTHqecKoM peBoJl.IOgHH B OKT.sI6pe 1917 rOAa
6bIAa 6bl HeB03MomHa 6e3 pa3rpOMa KanHTYJ\..HH-
TOB H wTpeMK6pexepoB, MeHbIIleBHKOB H scepOB,
TOqHO TaK me HeB03MomHa 6bIJ\a 6bI n06e;J;a
cogHaJ\.H3Ma B AepeBHe 6e3 pa3rpOMa npaBbIX
KanHTYMIHTOB B 1928-1929 rOAax. Oc060e
SHaqeHMe B n06e,ll;e napTHH HaA 6yxapHHcKo-
pbIKOBCKOH aHTHnapTHHHoM rpynnoH HMeJl.H
peqH CTaAMHa ,,0 npaBoM onaCHOCTH B BKn(6)"
(Ha nAeHYMe MK H MKK B OKT.H6pe 1928 1'.)
H ,,0 npaBOM YKJl.OHe B BKO(6)" (Ha nJl.eHYMe
UK BKn(6) B anpeJ\.e 1929 1'.).
B STHX BNcTynAeHH.sIX CTaAHHa 6NJ\.H pa306-
J1.aqeHbI AO KOHga npaBbIe, KaK BparH AeHHHH3Ma,
6bIAO nOKa3aHO, qTO npaBbIe .HBJI..sIIOTC.H areH'l'y-
pOM KYAaKa B napTHH.
B 60RX npOTHB npaBbIX CTaAHH cn.1\OTHA BCW
.. ..
napTHIO H nOBeJl. ee Ha IIITypM nOCAeAHero
onAOTa KanHTaAHCTHqeCKOM sKcnAyaTagHH B Ha-
II1eM CTpaHe. f em-1M CTaAHHa, ero HerrOKOAe6H-
Ma.H BOJl..H H MY Apa.H np030pAHBOCTb 06ecne-
qHAH nOAH.HTHe peBoAlOgHH Ha HOBYIO, 6oJl.ee
BbICOKYIO cTyneHb B CBoeH: HCTOpHqeCKOH
CTaTbe "f OA BeAHKoro nepeJ\oMa", HamlcaHHoM
. B 1929 rOAY K XII rOAOBI}JHHe OKT.H6p.R, CTaAHH
nHcaA:
118

"I1CTeKIIIHH rOA 6bIJI. rOAoM BeJl.HKOrO nepe-
J1.0Ma Ha Bcex $poHTax cogHaJl.HCTHqeCKoro
cTpOHTeJl.bCTBa. nepeAoM STOT II1eA H npoAoJl.-
maeT HTTH nOA 3HaKOM peIIlHTeJl.bHOrO nGemgn-
AenUR cogHaJl.H3Ma Ha KanHTaJl.HCTHqeCKHe
aJl.eMeHTbl ropoAa H AepeBHH. XapaKTepHa.H
oc06eHHocTb aToro HacTynJl.eHH.H COCTOHT B
TOM, qTO OHO yme AaJl.o HaM p.HA peIIlaWI}JHx gene-
XOB B OCHOBHbIX 06J1.aCT.HX cogHaJl.HCTHqeCKOM
nepecTpoMKH (peKOHcTpyKgHH) HaIIlero HapoA-
Horo X03.HMcTBa" 1.
napTM.H A06HAaCb peIIlHTeAbHoro nepeJl.OMa
B 06AaCTH npOH3BOAHTeAbHOCTH TpYAa. BblAa
pa3peIIleHa B OCHOBHOM oAlla H3 TpYAHeHIIIHX
3aAaq cogHaJl.HCTHqeCKOM HHAYCTpHaAH3agHH-
3aAaqa HaKOnJl.eHH.H cpeACTB AJI..H CTpOHTeJl.b-
CTBa T.HmeJl.OH npOMbIIIIAeHHOCTH. napTH.H A06H-
J1.aCb KopeHHoro nepeJ\.OMa B pa3BHTHH HaIIlero
3eMJ\.eAeAH.H, B pa3BHTHH HaIIlero KpeCTb.HHCTBa.
EYPHO CTaJ\O pa3BepTbIBaTbC.H KOAX03Hoe ABH-
meHHe, no TeMnaM CBoero pa3BHTH.H 06rOH.H.H
. Aame KpynHYIO npoMbIIIIAeHHocTb. BTO 6bIJl.0
HaqaJl.O MaCCOBoro KOAX03Horo ABHmeHM.H.
"HoBoe H peIIlalOI}Jee B HbIHeIIlHeM KOAX03HOM
ABHmeHHH COCTOHT B TOM, - nHcaA CTaAMH, -
J H. Cma.ll.UH. Bonpochl AeHUHHSMa, USA. ll-e, CTp. 264.
119

qTO B KOJ\.X03bI HAyT I<peCTb.HHe He OT AeAbHbIMH
rpynnaMM, KaK S1'0 HMeAO MeCTO paHbIIle, a Me-
AbIMH CeJl.aMH, BOJl.OCTHMH, paHOHaMH, Aame
oKpyraMH. A qTO aTO 3HaqWr? BTO 3HaqHT,
I.ITO B KO.lLX03bl nome.lL CepelfJ-lRK. B STOM -OCHOBa
Toro KopeHHoro nepeAOMa B pa3BHTHH CeAb-
CKoro X03.HMCTBa, KOTOpbIH COCTaBJI..HeT BamHeM-
wee AOCTHLKeHHe COBeTCKOH BAaCTH..." 1.
T aK nOA PYKOBO,lJ,CTBOM C'i'aAHHa 6bIJI. nOk
rOTOBAeH HCTopHqeCKHM nOBopo'r OT nOAHTHKH
OrpaHHqeHH.H H BbITeCHeHH.H. KYJl.agKHx SJl.eMeH-
TOB K nO.1\HTHKe J1.HKBHAagHH KYJl.aqeCTBa, KaK
KAacca, Ha OCHOBe cnJ\.OlliHOH: KOJ\.AeKTHBH3agHH.
EOAbIIlOH 3acAyrOH: CTaJ\.HHa HY2KHO CqHTaTb
TO'!, <paKT, qTO B aTOT nepHoA, B nepHoA ITep-
BOl'O pa3Bopo'ra HHAYCTpHaAH3agHH H KOJ\.AeK-
THBH3agHH, KorAa HymHo 6bIJl.0 M06HAH30BaTb
'Bce TPy AOBbIe CHAbl HapOAa AA.H peIIleHH.H Be-
AHKHX 3aAaq, OH nOCTaBHA BO BeCb pOCT meHCKHM
Bonpoc, Bonpoc 0 nOJl.OmeHHH meHI}JHH, 0 LKeH-
CKOM TPy Ae, 0 .BaLKHeMweM pOAH meHI}JHH, pa-
60THHgH KpeCTb.HHOK B x03HMcTBeHHoM H 06I}Je-
cTBeHHo-noJl.HTHqecKoM mH3HH 06I}JecTBa H,
IIOAH.HB ero Ha AOALKHYIO BbICOTY, AaJ\. eMY
npaBH.II.bHOe peIIleHHe.
1 H. Cma.ll.UH. BonpoChi MHHlm3Iv.a, H3)t. 11-£', CTp. 272.
120

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YepHOMopcKoro IJ!AoTa. 25 HIOAJI 1929 r.
(/JOTO.

"HH OAHO BeAHKoe ABHmeHHe yrHeTeHHbIX,-
rOBopH}\' CTaJl.HH, - He 06XOAHJ\.OCb B HCTOpHH
qe.1\OBeqeCTBa 6e3 yqaCTMJI TPy AHIMHXCH meH-
I!!HH. TpYA.HI}JHeCH .meHI}JHHbI, caMbIe yrHeTeH-
HbIe H3 Bcex yrHeT,eHHbIX, HHKor Aa He OCTa-
BaAHCb H He MOr.1\H OCTaTbC.H B CTopOHe OT
60Jl.blIIOH AoporH oCB060AHTeAbHOro ABHlIieHH.H.
OCBo60AHTeAbHoe ABHmeHHe pa60B BbIABHHYJ\.O.
. KaK H3BeCTHO, COTHH H TbIC.HqH Be.1\HKHX Myqe-
HHg H repOHHb. B p.HAaX 60pgOB 3a OCB060-
2KAeHHe KpenOCTHbIX CTOHAH AeC.HTKH TbIC.Hq
meHI}JHH-TpymeHHg. HeYAHBHTeJ\.bHO, qTO peBO-
AlOgHoHHoe ABHmeHHe pa60qero KJl.aCCa, caMoe
MOI}JHoe H3 Bcex oCB060AHTeAbHbIX ABHmeHHH
yrHeTeHHbIX Macc, npHBAeKJ\.O nOA CBOe 3HaM.H
MHAAHOHbl TPy AHI}JHXC.H .meHI}JHH" 1.
"Tpy AHI}JHeCH meHI}JHHbI, - rOBopHT AaJ\.bIIle
CTaAHH, - pa60THHgbI H KpeCTb.HHKH, .HBJI..HIOTC.H
BeJl.HqaMIIIHM pe3epBOM pa60qero KAacca. Pc-
3epB aTOT npeACTaBJI..HeT A06pylO nOJ\.OBHHY Hace-
AeHH.H. BYAeT J1.H meHCKHH pe3epB 3a pa60qHH
KJ\.acc HAH npOTHB Hero, - OT SToro 3aBHCHT
CYAb6a npOJl.eTapCKoro ABH.meHH.H, n06eAa HJl.H
nopameHHe npOJl.eTapCKoM peBOJl.wgHH, n06eAa
HAH nopameHHe npOAeTapCKOH BAaCTH. noaTOMY
1 "DpaBAa" N2 56, 8 MapTa 1925 r.
9 H. B. CTRAUB ,
121

nepBa.H 3aAaqa npOAeTapHaTa Hero nepe.,lJ,O-
BOl'O OTp.HAa, KOMMYHHCTHqeCKOH napTHH, co-
CTOHT B TOM, qT06bI nOBeCTH peIIlHTeAbHYW
60pb6y 3a BbICB06mK,lJ,eHHe m.eH.IJ!HH, pa60THHg
H KpeCTbRHOK, H3-noA BAHRHH.H 6ypm.ya3HH, 3a
fiO.ll.MTHqeCKOe npOCBeI}JeHHe H opraHH3agHl0
pa60THHg H KpeCTbHHOK fiOA 3HaMeHeM npOAe-
TapHaTa" 1.
"Ho TPy AlII}JHeC.H meHI,!!HHbI, - npOAOAmaeT
CTa.1\HH, - .HBJI..HIOTCR He TOJl.bKO pe3epBOM. OHM
MorYT H AOAm.HbI CTaTb, -IIPH npaBHAbHOH
1I0AHTHKe pa60qero KAacca, - HaCTO.Hl!!;eH ap-
MHeM pa6oIJero KJl.aCca, AeMcTBywI!!;eH npoTHB
6ypmya3HH. BbIKoBaTb H3 meHCKoro Tpy,.a:oBoro
pe3epBa apMHIO pa60THHg H KpeCTb.HHOK, Aei1:-
CTBYIOI!!;YIO 60K 0 60K C BeAHKoM apMHeM npo..
AeTapHa'ra, - B aTOM BTOpa.H H pewawI}Ja.H 3a-
,.a:aqa pa6oqero KJl.aCCa" 2.
liTO KaCaeTC.H pOJ\.H H 3HaqeHHR meHIgHH
B KO.1\X03aX, TO BOT qTO rOBopHT 06 aTOM
CTaJ\.HH B CBOeM BwcTynAeHHH Ha lIepBOM
C'be3,lJ,e KOJl.X03HHKOB-y Aa pHHKOB.
"LKeHcKHM Bonpoc B KOAX03ax, - rOBopHA
CTaAHH,  60AbIIlOH Bonpoc, TOBapHI!!;M. .H 3Haw,
1 "npaBAa" N2 56, 8 MapTa 1925 r.
2 TaM me.'
122

qTO MHorHe H3 Bac HeAoogeHHBawT meHIgHH
H ,lI,ame nOCMeHBaIOTC.H BaA HHMH. Ho aTO
OIIIH6Ka, TOBapmgH, Cepbe3Ha.H oWH6Ka. 4 e Jl.O
TYT He TOJl.bKO B TOM, qTO meHI;Q,HHbI COCTaB-
MIIOT nO.ll.OBHHY HaCeJl.eHH.H. 4eAo npelIAe Bcero
B TOM, qTO KOJ\.X03Hoe ABHmeHHe BbIABHHY.1\O Ha
PYKOBOAHI}JMe AOJ\.2KHOCTH geAbIM p.HA 3aMeqa-
TeAbHbIX 1-1 cnoc06HbIX 2KeHIgHH. DocMOTpHTe Ha
C'bC3A, Ha ero COCTaB, - H BbI YBHAHTe, qTO mea-
IgHHbI AaBHO yme rrpOABHHY J\.HCb H3 OTCTaAbIX
B nepeAOBbIe. meHIgHHbI B KOJ\.X03ax - 60J\.b-
wa.H CHJ\.a. 4epmaTb STY CHAY nOA cnYAoM, aHa-
'lHT AonycTHTb npecTynJl.eHHe. HaIIla 06.H3aHHOCTb
COCTOHT B TOM, qT06bI BbIABHraTb BnepeA meH-
JMHH B KOAX03ax H nYCTHTb aTY CI-IJl.Y B AeAO" \
"1.ITO' I<acaeTC.H caMHX KOAX03HHg, - npoAO}\.-
maeT CTaJI.HH, - TO OHH AOA2KHbI nOMHHTb 0 CHJl.e
H 3Ha'leHHI-I KOAX030B AA.H meHI}JHH, AOA2KHbI
nOMHHTb, qTO TOAbKO B KOAX03e HMeWT OHH B03-
MomHOCTb CTaTb Ha paBHYW Hory C MymqHHOH.
Be3 KOAX030B - HepaBeHCTBO, B KOAxoaax - pa..
BeHCTBO npaB. nYCTb nOMH.HT 06 aTOM TOBapHI}JH
KOJ\.X03HHgbl H nYCTb OHI-I 6eperYT KOJl.X03HbIH
CTpOH, KaK 3eHHgy OKa" 2.
1 N. Cma.ll.UH. BonpoChI J\eHHHHSMa, IIBA. l1-e, CTp. 419-420.
2 TiU\I mc, CTp. 420.
9'
123

BOBAeqeHHe B AeAO CTpOHTeAbCTBa cogHa-
.1\H3Ma CaMblX II1HpOKHX HapOAHbIX MaCC HaIIleM
CTpaHbI, B TOM qHCJl.e TpYA.HI}JHXCJI paHee yrHe-
TeHHblX H OTCTaJl.bIX HagHH, 03HaqaJl.O BeAHqaH-
mylO n06eAY cOBeTcKoM HAeOAorHH, BHAHI}JeH
B Maccax HaCTO.HI}JHX 'l'BOpgOB HCTOpHH, HaA
6ypmya3HoM HAeOAorHeH. pacnpOCTpaHHIOI}JeM
BC.HqeCKHe He6bIAHgbI 0 Hecnoc06HOCTH Macc
K caMOCTO.HTeAbHOMY TBOpqeCTBY BO Bcex 06-
J1.aCTHX mH3HH. TOBapHI,g CTa.1\HH pa306.1\aqHJI.
peaKgHoHHoe cYI}JecTBo ..TeopHH" 0 TOM, qTO
sKcnAyaTHpyeMble He MorYT 060MTHCb 6e3
aKCnJl.yaTHpYWI}JX. "OAHHM H3 Ba2KHeHllIHX pe-
3YJl.bTaTOB OKTJI6pbCKOH peBoAwgHH, - nHcaA
TOBapHIg CTaAHH, - JIBJI..HeTC.H TOT q>aKT, qTO
OHa HaHeCAa STOM AmHBoM "TeopHH" CMepTeAb-
HbIH YAap"].
TOBapmg CTaJ\.HH pa306J1.aqHA TaKme H TY
peaKgHoHHYW J1.ereHAY, 6YATO 6bI HapOAbI pa3-
. AeJl..HWTC.H Ha BbICIIIHe H HH3llIHe paCbJ.
"PaHbllle "npHH.HTO 6bIAO" AYMaTb, qTO MHp
pa3AeJl.eH HCKOHH Ha HH3II1He H BbICIIIHe paCbI,
Ha qepHbIX H 6e.1\bIX, H3 KOHX nepBble Hecno-
C06HbI K gHBHAH3agHH H 06peqeHbI 6bITb 06'beK-
TOM SKCn.1\yaTagHH, a BTopble .HB.1\.RWTC.H eAHH-
1 H. Cma.ll.UH. BonpOChl J\CHHHHBMB, BSA. ll-c, CTp. 177.
124

CTBeHHbIMH HOCHTeJ\..HMH gHBHAH3agHH, npH3BaH-
HbIMH aKcnAyaTHpoBaTb nepBbIX. Tenepb aTY
AereHAY HymHo cqHTaTb pa36HToM H OT6po-
II1eHHOH. OAHHM H3 BamHeMllIHx pe3YJl.bTaTOB
OKT.H6pbcKOM peBoAlOgHH .HBAHeTC.H TOT q>aKT,
qTO OHa HaHeC.1\a aTOH AereHAe CMepTeJ\.bHbIH
y Aap, nOKa3aB Ha AeJl.e, qTO OCB0602KAeHHbIe
HeeBponeMcKHe HapoAbI, BTHHYTblC B PYCAO co-
BeTCKoro pa3BHTH.H' cnoc06Hbl ABHHYTb BnepeA.
/.feUCmBUme.ll.bl-lO nepeAOBYIO KYJl.bTYPY H /.feu-
cmBUme.ll.bl-lO nepeAOBYW gHBHAH3agHIO HHqYTb
He MeHbl,Ile, qeM HapoAbl eBponeHCKHe" 1.
*
1 H. CmO.ll.UH. Bonpoch1 ACBHHIISMa, IISA. ll-e, CTp. 118.


( JOC 

 AEKA6PJl1929 I'OJ!3 CT"AUU BhI-
 r cTynHJI. Ha KOHq>epeH!JHH arpapHHKOB-
 -- MapKCHCTOB, B eBoeM peqH TOBapHIg
CTaJl.HH pa306AaqHJI. 6ypmya3HYlO Teopmo "paB-
HOBeCHH" ceKTopOB HapOAHoro X03.HMCTBa,
pa36HJI. aHTHMapKCHCTCKYW TeopHW "caMO-
TeRa" B cogHaJl.HCTHqeCKOM CTpOHTeAbCTBe H
aHTHMapKCHCTCKYW TeopHIO "ycTOMqHBOCTH"
MeJl.KO-KpeCTb.HHCKOrO X03RMCTBa. Pa3rpOMHB
ace aTH 6ypmya3HbIe, aHTHMapKCMCTCKHe, npaao-
onrropTYHHCTHqeCKHe TeopHH, TOBapHIg CTaAHH
Aa.l\ I' Ay60KHH aHaJ\.H3 rrpHpOAbI KOJl.X030B, KaK
C0!JMaAHCTHqeCKOM q>OpMbI X03HHCTBa, H 060-
CHOBaA nepexoA K nOJl.HTHKe CnJl.OIIlHOM KOJl.-
J1.eKTHBH3agHH ceAbCKoro x03HMcTBa H .1\HKBHAa-
!JHH Ha aTOM OCHOBe KY.l\.aqeCTBa, KaK KAacca.
126

AeHHH e-,!!e Ha XI C'bC3Ae napTHH rOBOpHJI.
o nOCJl.eAHeM H peIIlHTeAbHOM 60e C PYCCKHM
KanHTaAH3MOM, KOTOpbIH BbIpacTaeT H3 MeAKoro
KpeCTb.HHCKOrO X03.HMcTBa, HO B TOT - nepHoA
CpOK SToro 60.H eI}Je HeJl.b3.H 6bIJl.0 C TOqHOCTfiW
onpeAeAHTb. T OBapHI}J CTaJl.HH C npHcy-,!!eM
eMY reHHaJ\.bHoM np030pAHBOCTbW HayqHO Ao-
Ka3aJl., qTO CpOK nocAeAHero pellIH'l'eAbHOro 60.H
C BHYTpeHHHM KanHTaJl.H.3MOM yme HacTynHJI..
BeAHKHM AHaJl.eKTHK - CTaAHH nOK83aJl., qTO
J1.HKBHAagH.H KYJl.aqeCTBa, KaK KAacca, He eCTb
npOAOAmeHHe npemHeM nOAHTHKH OrpaHHqeHHH
H BbITeCHeHH.H KYJl.aqeCTBa, a eCTb KPYTOM
nOBopom B nOJl.HTHKe napTHH.
"ECAH KOHq>HCKagH.H BeMJ\.H Y nOMeIgHKOB
6bIJl.a nepBblM warOM OKT.H6pbCKOM peBoAro-
gHH B AepeBHe, - TaK 3anHcaHO B peIIleHHHX
XVI C'bC3Aa napTHH, - TO nepexoA K KOJl.X03aM
HBJl.HeTC.H BmopblM H npHTOM peIIlaWIgHM III a rOM,
KOTOpbIM onpeAeJ\..HeT BamHeMIIIHM aTan B AeJ\.e
nocTpOeHH.H q>YHAaMeHTa cogHaAHCTHqeCKOrO
06IgecTBa B CCCP" 1.
K cogHaJl.HCTHqeCKOMY X03.HMCTBY AepeBHH
npHIIIAa B pe3Y AbTaTe Toro, qTO aKOHOMH1leCKaH
1 "BKn(6) B peSOJ\lOgRJlX H pCmCHRJlX C7JCSAOB, KOHcpepeHgH H 11
DJ\CHyr.:OB !J.K", 'l. II, H3A. 6-e, 1941 r., CTp. 428.
127,

He06xo,lJ,HMOCTb Tpe60BaAa nepexoAa K KpynHOMY
apTeAbHOMY X03HHCTBY, K KOAAeKTHBHOMY, Ma-
II1HHHOMY 3eMAe,ll;eAHW. napTH.H 60AbIIleBHKOB H
COBeTCKoe rOCY,lI;apCTBO Ha npOT.H.meHHH p.HAa
AeT C03AaBaJl.H B AepeBHe HOBbie npOH3BO,ll;H-
TeJ\.bHbIe CH.1\bI, HacamAaAH HOBYW TeXHHKY-
TpaKTopbI, KOM6aMHI:JI " '1'. A., nOAroTOBJ\.H-
AU KaApbI cogHaAHCTHqeCKOrO 3eMAe,ll;eAH.H,
MHAAHOHbI .1\IO,lI;eH, OBJl.aAeBaWI,gHX HOBOH Tex-
HlIKOM.
B CBOeM HCTOpHqeCKOMnpHBeTCTBHH pa60qHM
CTa.1\HHrpaACKoro TpaKTopHoro 3aBOAa B AeHb
ero nYCKa (17 HIOH.H 1930 1'.) TOBapHI,g CTaJl.HH
mrcaA:
"npHBeT H n03ApaB.II.eHH.H C n06eAoM pa60qHM ,
Ii PYKOBO,ll;.HI,geMY COCTaBY nepBoro B CCCP
KpaCH03HaMeHHoro TpaKTopHoro rHraHTa. SO TbI-
CHq TpaKTopOB, KOTopbIe BbI AOJl.mHbI ,lI;aBaTb
CTpaHe emerOAHO, eCTb SO TbICHq CHap.HAOB,
B3pbIBalOI!!HX cTapbll1 6ypmya3HbIM MHp H npo-
KJl.a,ll;bIBaIOI}JHX Aopory- HOBOMY cogHaAHcTH-
qeCKOMY YKAa,ll;Y B AepeBHe. lK.eAalO BaM ycnexa
B AeAe BbIITOAHeHH.H BaIIleM rrporpaMMbI" 1.
HOBbIe npoH3BOAHTeAbHbIe CHJ\.bI, c03AaH-
HbIe B ,lI;epeBHe, HeH36emHO rrpHBeJ\.H K HO-
1 "DpSBAa" N2 166, 18 HlOHJI 1930 r.
128

"':
BbIM, COUUGAUCmU'leCKU.M OTHOIIleHH.HM MemAY
AIOAbMH.
CTaAHH, BceCTopOHHe KOHKpeTH3HpOBaB Map-
KCHc'rCKO-J1.eHHHCKYIO TeopHW 0 cogHaAH3Me,
nOKa3aA, qTO nepexoA K KOAAeKTHBH3agHH B03-
MmKeH He B nOp.HAKe npOCToro H MHpHoro BCTyn-
AeHH$I KpeCTb.HH B KOAX03bI, a B nOp.HAKe MaCCOBOM
60pb6bI KpeCTb.HH npOTHB KY AaqeCTBa. He06xo-
AHMO 6bIAO pa36HTb KY AaqeCTBO B OTKpbITOM 60w
Ha I' J1.a3aX Y Bcero KpeCTbHHCTBa, qT06bI MaCCbI
KpeCTbHH y6eAHJ\.HCb B CJl.a60CTH KanHTaJl.HCTHqe-
CKHX aAeMeHToB, noaTOMY nepexOA K CnJl.OIIlHOM
KOAAeKTHBH3agHH Hepa.3pbIBHO CB.H3bIBa.l\C.H C
3aAaqeH J1.HKBHAagHH KYJl.aqeCTBa, KaK KJl.aCca.
YKa3aHHM TOBapHl!!,a CTaJl.HHa 0 He06xOAH-
MOCTH IIOBopOTa B nOAHTHKe napTHH OT orpaHH-
qeHH.H aKcnJ\.yaTaTopCKHX TeHAeHgHM KYJl.aqeCTBa
K J1.HKBHAagHH KY AaqeCTBa, KaK I{J\.acca, .1\er J1.H B
OCHOBY nOCTaHOBJ\.eHH.H !JK OT 5 .HHBap.H 1930 rOAa
,,0 TeMne KOJl.J1.eKTHBH3agHH H Mepax nOM0l!!H
rOCYAapCTBa KOJl.X03HOMY CTpOHTeJl.bCTBY".
BparH napTHH BC.HqeCKH nbITaJl.HCb copBaTb
B.3.sITbIH napTHeM KYpC Ha KOAJl.eKTHBH3agHIO
CeJl.bCKOrO X03.HHCTBa. BTH BpamAe6HbIe nonbITKH
BbIpa.3HAHCb He TOJl.bKO B np.HMOM BbIcTynJl.eHHH
npOTHB KOJl.J1.eKTHBH3agHH co CTOpOHbI npaBbIX Ka-
nHTY J\.HHTOB, HO H B "J1.eBagKHx" HCKpHBAeHHHX
129

napTHHHoM J1.HHHH, B HapYIIIeHHH YCTaHOBAeH-
HbIX napTHeM TeMnOB KOJ\.J1.eKTHBH3agHH, B
HapYIIIeHHH AeHHHCKO-CTaAHHCKoro npHHgHna
06pOBOAbHOCTH B KOAX03HOM CTpOHTeJl.bCTBe, B
roAOBOT.HUCKOM nepeCKaKHBaHHH qepe3 apTeAb
K KOMMYHe, B npHHY HTeJ\.bHOM 0606I}JeCTBJ\.eHHH
mMAbIX nOCTpoeK, MeJl.KOrO CKOTa, AOMaIIlHeM
nTHgbl H T. A.
BHYTpeHHHe H BHeWHHe BparH, HHTepBeHTbI
H HX areHTbI HaAe.HAHCb, qTO aTa, "J1.eBagKaH",
a HHorAa H C03HaTeJ\.bHO npoBoKagHoHHa.H
npaKTHKa paccopHT KpeCTbnHCTBO C COBeTcKoM
B.I\aCTblO. B II1Ta6ax HMnepHaAHCTHqeCKHX rocy-
AapCTB yme HaMeqaJl.HCb CpOKH HOBOM HHTep-
BeHguM. Ho BomAb napTHH CBoeBpeMeHHO 3a-
MeTHA HOBYW onaCHOCTb.
2 MapTa 1930 rOAa no peIIleHHIO UK 6bI.1\a
ony6AHKoBaHa CTaTb.H CTaAHHa "fOJl.OBoKpyme-
HHe OT ycnexoB", B KOTopoM CTaJl.HH AaJl. OTnop
".1\eEagKHM" neperH6aM, rp03HBlliHM nory6HTb
KOAX03Hoe ABHmeHHe. "B CTaTbe co BceM CHJl.OM
nOAqepKHBa.1\C.H npHHgHn 06pOBOAbHOCTH KOJl.-
X03Horo cTpOHTe.1\bCTBa H YKa3bIBaAOCb Ha He06-
XOAHMOCTb yqHTbIBaTb pa3Ho06pa3He YCJl.OBHH
B pa3AHqHbIX paMoHax CCCP npH onpeAeAeHHH
TeMnOB H MeTO,ll;OB KOAAeKTHBH3agHM. T OB. CTaAHH
HanOMHHaJl., qTO OCHOBHbIM 3BeHOM KOJl.X03HOro
130

ABH;KeHH.H .HBA.HeTCH CeJl.bCKOX03HHCTBeHHa.H
apTeAb... CTaTb.H TOB. CTaJl.HHa HMe.1\a BeAHqaM-
II1ee nOAHTHqeCI<.Oe 3HaqeHHe. 3Ta CTaTb.H no-
MorAa napTHMHwM opraHH3agHHM BwnpaBHTb
HX OIIlH6KH H HaHeCAa cHAbHeHIIIHM Y Aap Bpa-
raM COBeTcKoM BJl.aCTH, HaAe.HBIIIHMC.H Ha TO, qTO
Ha nOqBe neperH60B HM Y AaCTC.H BOCCTaHOBHTb
I<.peCTb.HHCTBO npOTHB COBeTcKoM BAaCTH"l.
HaHeC.H COKPYIIIHTeAbHbIM YAap "AeBagKHM"
HCKpHBAeHH.HM H BMeCTe C TeM pa3Be.HB no
BCTPY HaAemAbI HHTepBeHTOB, TOBapHIg CTa.1\HH,
KaK yqHTeJl.b MHAAHOHHbIX Macc, 06'b.HCHHA nap-
THMHbIM H 6ecnapTHMHbIM KaApaM, B qeM COCTOHT
HCKYCCTBO PYKOBOACTBa.
"l1cKycCTBO PYKOBOACTBa, - n:HCaJl. CTaJl.HH,-
eCTb Cepbe3HOe AeJl.O. HeAb3.H OTCTaBaTb OT
ABH;KeHHJ!, H60 OTCTaTb-3HaqHT OTopBaTbC.H OT
Macc. Ho HeJl.b3.H H 3a6eraTb BnepeA, H60 3a6e-
maTb BnepeA - 3HaqHT nOTep.HTb CB.H3b C Mac-
caMH. KTO XOqeT PYKOBOAHTb ABHmeHHeM H
coxpaHHTb BMeCTe C TeM CB3H C MHAJl.HOHHbIMH
MaccaMM, TOT AOAmeH BeCTH 60pb6y Ha ABa
q>pOHTa - H rrpOTHB OTCTalOIgHX H npOTHB 3a-
6eraWI}JHX BnepeA" 2.
1 "J-iCTOpHJI BKD(6). KpaTRHH RYPC", CTp. 295.
2 H. Cma.ll.UH. BonpocbI ACHHHHSM8, IISA. ll-c, CTP. 304.
131

B ony6AHKoBaHHOH BCAeA 3a aTHM CTaTbe OT
3 anpeAH 1930 rOAa "OTBeT TOBapHlgaM KOA-
x03HHKaM", 06paI}JeHHOM K MHAAHOHaM KOJ\.X03-
HHKOB, CTaAHH, nOKa3aB KopeHb OIIlH60K B
KpeCTb.HHCKOM Bonpoce H I' AaBHbIe OIIlH6KH B
KOAX03HOM ABHmeHHH, C HCKAlOqHTeAbHoM CHJl.OM
pa3'bHCHHA, B qeM CYTb 3aKOHOB HacTynAeHH.H Ha
q>poHTe KAaccoBoH 60pb6bI. HeAb3H BeCTH HacTyn-
AeHHe, He 3aKpenA.H.H 3aBOeBaHHbIX n03HgHH,
YKa3bIBaA TOBapHIg CTaAHH, He neperpynnH-
pOBbIBa.H CHJI., He 06eCneqHBa.H q>POHT pe3ep-
BaMM, He nOAT.HrHBa.H TbIJl.bl. OnnopTYHHCTbI
He nOHHMaWT KAaCCOBOH npHpOAbI HacTynJl.eHH.H:
HacTynJl.eHHe Ha KaKoM KJ\.acc, B COlO3e C KaKHM
KAaccoM? HaM HymHo, rOBopHA CTaAHH, He
BC.HKOe HacTynAeHHe, a HacTynAeHHe Ha KY AaKa
B COW3e C CepeAH.HKOM.
6AarOAap.H CTaAHHCKOMY PYKOBOACTBY, B pe-
3Y AbTaTe HcnpaBAeHH.H neperH60B, 6bIAa C03AaHa
npOqHa.H OCHOBa AA.H HOBoro MOI}JHoro pOCTa
KOJl.X03HOro ABHmeHH.H. napTHH BO I' AaBe C
TOBapHI}JeM CTaAHHbIM peIIlHAa TPy AHeMIIIYW
nocJ\.e 3aBOeBaHH.H B.1\aCTH3aAaqy npOJl.eTapCKOH
peBoAwgl-IH, 3aAaqy nepeBoAa MeAKHX KpeCTbHH-
CKHX X03.HHCTB Ha peJl.bCbI cogHaJl.M3Ma, 3a)laqy
AHKBHAagHH KYAaqeCTBa, KaK caMoro MHOrOqHC-
.1\eHHOrO sKcnJl.yaTaTopCKoro KJ\.acca.
132

"aTO 6bIA I' J1.y60qaMIIIHM peBoAwgHoHHbIM
nepeBopoT, CKaqOK H3 cTaporo KaqeCTBeHHoro
COCTOHHH.H 06I}JecTBa B HOBoe KaqeCTBeHHoe
COCTO.HHHe, paBH03HaqHbIM no CBOHM nocJ\.e.lf,-
CTBH.HM peBoAwgHoHHOMY nepeBopoTY B OKT.H6pe
1917 rOAa.
CBoe06pa3He aTOM peBoAIO!JHH COCTO.HJ\.O
B TOM, qTO OHa 6bIAa npOH3BeAeHa coepxy, no
HHHgHaTHBe rOCYAapCTBeHHOM BAaCTH, npH np.H-
MOM nO.,llAepLKKe CHU3Y co CTOpOHbI MHAAHOH-
HbIX Macc KpeCTb.HH, 60pOBIIIHXC.H npoTHB
KYJl.agKoH Ka6aJ\.bI, 3a CB060AHYIO KOAX03HYW
LKH3Hb" 1.
Omfpa.HCb Ha YKa3aHH.H AeHHHa 0 Heo6xoAH-
Mocni nepeXO.,lla OT MeJl.KHX KPeCTb.HHCKHX
X03.HMCTB K KpynHoMY, apTeJl.bHoMY, KOAJ\.eKTHB-
HOMY X03.HMCTBY B 3eMAe.,lleAHH, OnHpa.HCb Ha
KoorrepaTHBHbIH nJl.aH AeHHHa, CTaJ\.HH pa3pa-.
60TaA H rrpeTBopHA B mH3Hb npaKTHqeCKH meo-
pUlO KO.ll..lI.eKmUOU_qay,uu Ce.ll.bCKOlO x03Hucmoa.
HOBoe B aToM 06AacTH Y CTaAHHa COCTOHT
B TOM, qTO OH:
1) BceCTopOHHe .pa3pa60TaA Bonpoc 0 KOA-
x03HoM $opMe cOMHaAHCTHqeCKOrO x03HMcTBa
B AepeBHe;
1 ...l1CTOpHJI BKIT(6). KpaT,J'HH KYpC", CTp. 291-292.
133

2) nOKa3a.1\, qTO OCHOBHbIM H I' AaBHbIM 3BeHOM
KOAX03Horo cTpoHTeAbcTBa Ha cOBpeMeHHoM
aTane .HBJ\.HeTC.H ceAbcKox03HHcTBeHHa.H apTeAb,
KaK HaH60Aee npaBM.1\bHa.H H nOH.HTHaH KpeCTbR
HaM q>opMa, AalOIJ!a.H B03MomHOCTb COqeTaTb
JmqHbIe HHTepeCbI KO.1\X03HHKOB C HX 06JgecT-
BeHHbIMM HHTepecaMH, npHcnoc06A.HTb AHqHbIe
I:IHTepeCbI KOAX03HHKOB K 06I}JeCTBeHHbIM HHTe-
pecaM;
3) 060CHOBaA nepexoA OT nOAHTHKH orpaHH-
lJeHH.H H BbITeCHeHH.H KYAa1.IeCTBa K nOAMTHKe
J1.HKBHAagHH KY AaqeCTBa, KaK IAacca, Ha OCHOBe
cnAoIIlHoM KOJ\.AeKTHBH3agHH;
4) paCKpbI.1\ 3HaqeHHe MTC, KaK onopHbIX
nYHKTOB B AeAe cogHaJl.HCTHqeCKOrO nepeYCT-
pOMcTBa ceJ\.bCKoro X03.HHCTBa H OKa3aHHH no-
MOI}JH ceAbCKOMY X03.HHCTBY H KpeCTb.HHCTBY
co CTOpOHbI cogHaAHCTHqeCKOrO rocy AapCTBa.
B q>eBpaJl.e 1930 rOAa no MHOr01.IHCJ\.eHHbIM
xOAaTaMcTBaM p.HAa opraHH3agHM, 06IJ!HX co-
6paHHM pa60qHX, KpeCTb.HH H KpacHoapMeMgeB
1J,eHTpaJ\.bHbIM I1cnoAHHTeJ\.bHbIM KOMHTeT CCCP
nOCTaHOBHA HarpaAHTb 11. B. CTaAHHa BTOpblM
opAeHOM KpacHoro 3HaMeHH 3a OrpOMHbIe 3aC.1\Y-
rH Ha q>poHTe cogHaAHCTHqeCKOrO CTpOHTeJ\.bCTBa.
XVI C'be3A napTHH (26 HIOH.H-13 HIOJI..H
1930 1'.) BOIIleJl. B HCTOpHW, KaK C'be3A pa3Bep.
134

HYToro HacTyn.ll.eHH.H COYHaJ\.H3Ma rro BceMY
<I>pOHTY. PaCKpbIB CYIgeCTBO pa3BepHYTOrO Ha-
cTynAeHH.H cogHaJl.H3Ma Ha KarrHTaAHCTHqeCKHe
aAeMeHTbI no BceMY q>pOHTY, CTaAHH YCTaHO-
BHJI. B CBOeM AOKAaAe, qTO HaIIla CTpaHa yme
Bcmynu.lI.a B nepUOI( coyua.ll.U.3.Ma.
40KAaAbIBa.H C'be3AY 0 AOCTHmeHH.HX B AeAe
HHAYCTpHaAH3agHH CTpaHW H KOAJl.eKTHBH3agHH
CeJl.bCKOrO X03.HMcTBa, CTaAHH YKa3aA BMeCTe
C TeM, K3KHe 3aAaqH CTaBHT nepeA HaMM HOBWH
nepHoA pa3BHTH.H. ECAH no me.Mna.M pa3BMTH.H
MbI AorHaAH M neperHaAH nepeAOBbIe KanHTaAH-
CTHqeCKHe CTpaHbI, TO no y pOB1-l1O rrpOMbIIIIAeH-
Horo npOH3BOACTBa Mbl eI}Je OqeHb OTCTaeM OT
nepeAOBbIX KanHTaAHCTHqeCKHX CTpaH. OTCIOAa
3aAa t Ia AaAbHeMIIIero YCHJl.eHH.H TeMnOB, 3a-
Aaqa AorHaTb H neperHaTb KanHTaAHCTHqeCKHe
CTpaHbI TaKme H no ypOBHIO rrpOMbIIIIAeHHoro
npOH3BOACTBa. B CBOeM AOKJl.aAe TOBapHIg CTaAHH
YKa3aA 3aAaqH napTHH B AeJ\.e OCYIgeCTBJl.eHH.H
rrepBoM nHTHAeTKH B qeTbIpe rOAa.
TpYAHI}JHeCH BceM CTpaHbI C aHTY3Ha3MOM
.
rrpHCTYilHAH K peIIleHHIO rHraHTCKHX 3aAaq, no-
CTaBJl.eHHbIX C'be3AOM. UlHpOKO pa3BepHY AOCb
cogHaJl.HCTHqeCKOe copeBHOBaHHe H YAapHHqe-
CTBO. K MOMeHTY XVI C'be3Aa cogHaJl.HCTHqe-
CKHM copeBHOBaHHeM 6bIJl.0 OXBaqeHO He MeHee
135

ABYX MHJl.AHOHOB pa60qHX, a B Y AapHbIe 6pHI'aAbI
BXOAHAO 60J\.ee MHJ\.J1.HOHa pa60qHX.
"CaMoe 3aMeqaTe.1\bHOe B copeBHOBaHHH,-
rOBOpHJI. TOBapHIJ! CTa.1\HH Ha XVI C'be3Ae,-
COCTOHT B TOM, IlTO OHO rrpOH3BOAHT KopeHHOH
nepeBopOT BO B3r .1\.HAax AIOAeM Ha PY A, H60
OHO npeBpaIJ!aeT TPY A H3 3a30pHoro H T.H2Ke-
.11.01'0 6peMeHH, KaKHM OH CqHTaACH paHbIIle,
B AeAo qecmu, B Ae.1\O C.AaBbl, B AeAo /fOD.AeCmU
H 7.epolicmBa. HH"Qero nOAo6Horo HeT H He MO-
meT 6bITb B KanHTa.1\HCTHqeCKHX CTpaHax" 1.
BbInOAHeHHe nJ\.aHa nepBOM nHTHAeTKH Tpe-
.60BaAO peKOHCTpYKgHH Bcex OTpaCAeH HapO,lJ,-
Horo X03.HMCTBa Ha 6a3e HOBOM, COBpeMeHHOM
TeXHHKH. T eXHHKa npHo6pe'I'aJl.a pellIalOI}Jee 3Ha-
qeHHe. BmKAb napTHH B CB.H3H C 5THM BbIABH-
HYA 4 q>eBpaA.H 193 rOAa B peqH ,,0 3aAaqax
X03.HHCTBeHHHKoB" Ha nepBoM BcecolO3HoM KOH-
q>epeHgHH pa60THHKOB cO!JHaJ\.HcTHqecKoM npo-
.MbIIIIJl.eHHOCTH HOBbIM .1\03YHr: ,,60AbIIleBHKH
AOA1KHbI OB.1\aAeTb TexHHKoM" , " T eXHHKa B ne-
pHOA peKOHCTpYKgHH peIIlaeT BCe".
B nepHOA Hanp.HmeliHOM pa60TbI napTHH no
.CTpOHTeAbCTBY cogHa.1\H3Ma npH06peTa.1\0 BCe
60AbIIlee - 3HaqeHHe MapKCHCTCKO-J1.eHHHCKoe
1 11. Cma.ll.UH. Bonpochl J\eHHHH3!.'B, HSA. 10-e, CTp. 393.
136

J30CnHTaHHe qJ\.eHOB H KaHAHAaTOB napTHH, H3yqe-
HHe HCTOpHqeCKOrO onbITa 60Jl.bIIleBHCTCKOM nap-
THH, 6opb6a C q>aAbCHq>HKaTopaMH ee HCTOpHH.
B HO.H6pe 1931 rOAa CTaAHH orry6J1.HKOBa.1\
H3BeCTHoe nHCbMO B peAaKgHIO mypHaAa "npo-
.AeTapCKaH PeBoAlOgHH", CbIrpaBIIIee HCKAlOqH-
TeAbHYro pOAb B AaJl.bHeHIIIeM HAeHHoM cnAOqe-
HHH p.HAOB napTHH. B aTOM nHCbMe CTaJl.HH,
pa306.1\aqa.H TpogKHCTCKHX q>aJl.bCH<}JHKaTopOB
HCTOpHH 60Jl.bIIleBH3Ma, nOKa3aJ\., qTO J1.eHHHH3M
pOAHAC.H, BbIpOC H OKpen B 6ecnoI}JaAHOH 60pb6e
C onnopTYHH3MOM Bcex MaCTeM, qTO 60AbIIle-
BHKH .HBHAHCb eAHHc'fBeHHoM B MHpe peBoAW-
gHoHHoM opraHH3agHeM, KOTopaH pa3rpOMHJl.a
AO KOHga onnopTYHHCTOB H geHTpHcTOB H H3-
rHaAa HX BOH H3 napTHH. B aTOM nHCbMe CTaJ\.HH
co BceM CHAOM nOKa3aJl., qTO TpOgKH3M eTb
rrepeAOBoM OTp.HA KOHTppeBOJ\.lOgHOHHOM 6yp-
*ya3HH, BeAYI}JHM 60Pb6y npOTHB KOMMYHH3Ma,
rrpOTHB COBeTCKOM BAaCTH, npOTHB CTpOHTeJ\.b-
CTBa cogHaJl.H3Ma B CCCP.
K HaqaAY 1933 rOAa nepBa.H nHTHJl.eTKa 6bIJl.a
BbInOAHeHa paHbIIle cpOKa. B .HHBape 1933 rOAa
CTaJ\.HH BblcTynH.1\ Ha n.1\eHYMe !J,K H !J,KK C
AOKJl.aAOM "I1TorH nepBoM nHTHAeTKH". HaIIla
CTpaHa, YKa3bIBaJ\. OH, npeBpaTHJl.aCb H3 arpapHoM
B HHAYCTpHaJ\.bHYIO, H3 MeJl.KOKpeCTbHHcKOH-
10M. B. CT8J\HH
137

B CTpnHY caMoro KpynHoro, nepeAOB-Oro,
cogHaAHCTHqeCKOrO 3eMAeAeAHH. 8KCrrJl.yaTaTop-
CKHe KAaCCbI 6bIJl.H BbI6HTbI H3 CBOHX rrpOH3-
BOACTBeHHbIX n03HgHH. Hx OCTaTKH paCCeH.1\HCb
no BeeM CTpaHe H nOBeAH 60Pb6y npoTHB Co-
BeTcKoM BAaCTH THxoM canoM. noaToMY He06-
XOAHMO 6bIJl.0 nOBbICHTb 6AHTeAbHocTb, rrOBeCTH
60pb6y 3a oxpaHY cogHaAHcTHqecKoM c06cTBeH-
HOCTH, OCHOBbI COBeTCKoro CTpOH, BceMepHo
YKpenJl..HTb AHKTaTYPY npoAeTapHaTa.
B ApyroM BbIcTyrrAeHHH Hei nJl.eHYMe UK
,,0 pa60Te B AepeBHe" CTaJl.HH ,lJ,aA rAy60KHM
aHaAH3 HeAOCTaTKOB pa60TN napTH B AepeBHe
H HaMeTHA geJl.Yw nporpaMMY pa60T no YKpen-
J\eHHIO KOAX03Horo CTpO.H.
nepeA napTHeM BCTaAa HOBa.H 3aAaqa - 60pb-
6a 3a YKperrJ\.eHHe KOJl.X030B, 3a opraHH3aglU0
TpYAa B KOJl.X03aX, 3a TO, qT06bI CAeJlaTb KOAXO-
3bI 60Jl.bIIleBHCTCKHMH, OqHCTHTb KOAX03bI OT
BpamAe6HblX KY J\agKHx, BpeAHTeJl.bCKHX SAeMeH-
TOB. 4J1.H STOH geJl.H TOBapH,!! CTaJl.HH rrpeAAO.2KHA
C03AaTb nOJl.HTOTAeJl.bI B MTC H COBX03ax. no-
J\.HTOTAeAbI MTC 3a ABa rOAa (1933-1934 1'1'.)
ycneJl.H npOAeJl.aTb 60AbIIlYlO pa60TY no YKpen-
AeHHIO KOJl.X0.80B.
Ha nepBoM BcecolO3HoM C'be3Ae KOAX03HH-
KOB-YAapHHKOB 19 q>eBpaAH 1933 rOAa TBapHIM
133

CraAHH BbI4BHHYA H 060CHOBaA J1.03YHr: CAeJl.aTb
KOAX03bI 60Jl.bllIeBHCTCKHMH, a KOAX03HHKOB 3a-
2liHTOqHbIMH.
,,4T06bI CTaTb KOAX03HHKaM 3a.mHT01J:HbIMH,-
rOBopHA CTaJl.HH, - 4AH aToro Tpe6yeTC.H Tenepb
TOJl.bKO OAHo-pa60TaTb B KOJl.X03e 1J:eCTHO,
npaBH.1\bHO HCnOJl.b30BaTb TpaKTopbI H MaIIlHHbJ,
npaBHAbHO HcnOAb30BaTb pa60qHM CKOT, npa-
BMAbHO 06pa6aTbIBaTb 3eMJl.W, 6epeqb KOJl.X03-
HYIO c06CTBeHHOCTb" 1.
Peqb CTaAHHa 40IIlAa AO C03HaHH.H MHJl.AHo-
HOB KOJl.X03HHKOB, CTa.1\a npaKTHqecKoM 60eBoH
nporpaMMoM KOJl.X030B.
0606Iga.H onbIT cogHaAHCTHqeCKOrO CTpOH-
TeAbCTBa, TOBapHI}J CTaJl.HH pa3pa60TaA Bonpoc
o cOBeTcKoH ToprOBJ\.e KaK q>opMe pacnpeAeAe-
HH.H H 06MeHa npoAYKTOB TPY Aa B YCJ\.OBH.HX
cogHaJl.M3Ma.
TOBapHI}J CTaAHH rOBopHA: "CoBeTCKa.H TOp-
rOBA.H eCTb TOprOBJI..H 6C3 KanHTaJl.HCTOB - MaJ\.bIX
H 60AbIIlHX, TOprOBJI..H 6e3 cneKYJl..HHTOB - MaJl.bIX
H 60Jl.bWHX. aTO oc060ro pOAa ToproBJ\.H, Ko-
TOpOH He 3HaJl.a AO CHX nop HCTOpH.H H KOTO-
pyw npaKTHKyeM TOAbKO MbI, 60AbIIleBHKH, B
YC.1\OBH.HX COBeTCKoro pa3BHTH.H" 2.
1 H. Cma.ll.UH. BonpOChI J\eHHHHSMa, HSA. ll-c, CTp. 418.
2 TaM mc, CTp. 390.
10*
139

.
,,4T06bI SKOHOMHqeCKa.H mH3Hb CTpaHbI MOrJl.a
3a6HTb KJl.lOqOM, a npOMbIIIIeHHOCTb H CeJl.bCKOe
X03.HMCTBO HMeJl.H CTHMY A K AaAbHeHIIIeMY POCTY
CBoeH npOAYKgHH, -rOBOpH.1\ AaAbIIle TOBapHIM
CTaAHH, - HaAo HMeTb el!!,e OAHO YCAOBHe, a
HMeHHO, - pa3BepHYTbIM mOBapoooopom MemAY
ropOAOM H AepeBHeM, MemAY paM\JHaMH H
06J1.aCT.HMH CTpaHbI, MemAY pa3J\.HqHbIMH OTpa-
CJI..HMH HapoAHoro X03HMcTBa cc 1.
TOBapHIM CTaAHH pe3Ko KpHTHKoBaA Tex,
KTO HeAoogeHHBaA cOBeTcKYIO ToproBAIO HJl.H
npeHe6pemHTeAbHo OTHOCHAC.H K HeM. "B p.HAax
OAROM qaCTH KOMMYHHCTOB, - rOBopHA TOB.
CTa.I\.HH, - BCe eI}Je gapHT BbIcoKoMepHoe, npeHe
6pemHTeAbHoe OTHOIIleHHe K ToproBAe Bo06I}Je,
K COBeTCKOM ToproBAe, B qaCTHOCTH. 8TH, C n03-
EOJ\eHH.H cKa3aTb, KOMMYHHCTbI paccMaTpHBawT
cOBeTcKYIO TOprOBJl.IO, KaK BTopocTeneHHoe, He-
CTO.HI}Jee AeJ\.o, a pa60THHKOB ToproBAH - KaK
KOHqeHHbIX AIO,lI;eM... 3TH J1.IOAH He nOHHMaIOT, qTO
.
COBeTCKa.H TOprOBJl.H eCTb HaIIle, pOAHoe, 60AbIIle-
BHCTCKoe AeJl.o, a pa60THHKH TOprOB.1\H, B TOM
qHCJl.e pa60THHKH npHAaBKa, eCJ\H OHH TOJ\bKO pa-
60TaWT qeCTHO, - .HBJ\.HIOTC.H npOBOAHHKaMH Ha-
II1ero, peBoAlOgHoHHoro, 60AbIIleBHCTCKoro AeJ\a cc 2.
1 11. Cma.ll.UH. BonpOChI Jl.CHHHH3Ma, H3A. ll-c, CTp. 461.
'2 TaM me, CTp. 462.
140
,

3TH YKa3aHH.H TOBapHI}Ja CTaJl.HHa HMeAH
BamHoe 3HaqeHHe AA.H YKpenAeHH.H COBeTcKoH
ToprOBJl.H H pa3BePTbIBaHH.H B cTpaHe TOBapo-
060poTa.
B cBoeM AOKAaAe 0 pa60Te UK BKn(6), npo-
H3HeCeHHOM B AeHHHrpaAe HaKaHYHe XVII C'bC3Aa
napTHH, BAoxHoBeHHbIH TPH6YH peBoAlOgHH H
AI06HMeg napTHH C. M. KHpOB cAeAYIOI}JHM 06pa-
30M xapaKTepH30BaJ\. BeJ\.HKoro opraHH3aTopa
cogHaJl.HCTHqeCKHX n06eA pa60qero KJ\.acca:
"TOBapHIgH, rOBOp.H 0 3acAyrax HaIIleM nap-
THH, 06 ycnexax HaIIleH napTHH, HeJ\.b3H He CKa-
3aTb 0 Be.llUKO.M OplaHU.3amOpe mex lUlaHm-
CKUX no6e/l, Komopbze .MbZ ll.Mee.M. Jl lOBOplO
o mOBapUl.JJe Cma.llUHe.
_ 51 AOJl.meH CKa3aTb BaM, qTO aTO AeHCTBHTeJl.bHO
nOJ\.HbIH, AeHCTBHTeAbHO BcerpaHHbIM nOCAeAO-
BaTeAb, npOAOAmaTeJl.b Toro, qTO HaM OCTaBHJ\
BeAHKHH OCHOBaTeJl.b HaIIleM napTHH, KOToporo
MI. nOTepHAH BOT yme AeC.HTb AeT TOMY
Ha3aA.
TpYAHO npeACTaBHTb ce6e q>HryPY rHraHTa,
KaKHM .HBJI..HeTC.H CTaJl.HH. 3a nOC.lle/lHUe lO/lbl,
C molO Bpe.MeHU, KOI/la .MbZ pa6omae.M DeE
.AeHuHa, .MbZ He .3Hae.M HU O/lHOlO nOBopoma
B Haweu pa6ome, HU O/lHOlO CKO.llbKO-HUDY/lb
KpynHolO HallU1-lUHUH, .llO.3YHza, HanpaB.lleHllH
141

B HalUeU nO.ll.UmUKe, aBmOpO.M KOmOpOlO Vbl.ll. Vbl
He mOBapUl!J Cma.ll.UH, a KmO-Hu6Yl/b I/PY1.0U.
BCH OCHOBHaH pa60ma - amo AO.ll.JKHa 3Hamb
napmUH-npOXOl/um no YKa3aHUH.M, no UHU-
uuamUBe U nOI/ PYKoBOI/CmBO.M mOBapul!Ja
Cma.ll.UHa. CaMbIe 60Jl.bIIlHe BonpocbI Me2KAY-
HapoAHoM nOJl.HTHKH peIIlalOTC.H no ero YKa3a-
HHIO, H He TOJl.bKO aTH 60Jl.bIIlHe BonpOCbI, HO
H, Ka3a.ll.OCb 6bI, TpeTbeCTeneHHbIe H Aame Ae-
CRTHCTeneHHble BonpOCbI HHTepeCYWT ero, eC.II.H
OHH KaCaWTC.H pa60qHX, KpeCTb.HH H Bcex Tpy-
AH-';gHXC.H HaIIleM CTpaHbI.
51 AOAmeH CKa3aTb, qTO aTO OTHOCHTC.H He
TOAbKO K CTpOHTeJl.bCTBY cogHaJl.H3Ma B geAoM,
HO H K OT AeAbHbIM BorrpocaM HaIIleH pa60TbI.
HanpHMep, eC.II.H B3RTb BorrpOCbI 060POHbI HaIIleM
CTpaHbI, TO HaAo co BceM CHJl.OM nOAqepKHYTb,
qTO BceMH HaIIlHMH ycnexaMH, 0 KOTOpbIX H 1'0-
BOpHJI., MbI yeJl.HKoM H nOJl.HOCTblO 06R3aHbI
CTaAMHY. .
MOlYlJ.aH BO.ll.H, KO.ll.OCCa.ll.bHblU opWHU3amop-
CKUU ma.ll.aHm amol.O lJ.e.ll.OBeKa 06eCnelJ.UBaem
napmuu CBOeBpe.MeHHOe npOBel/eHue 60.ll.blUUX
ucmOpUlJ.eCKUX nOBopomOB, CBH3aHHblX C nove-
1/0HOCHbl.M cmpOUme.ll.bCmBO.M COUUa.ll.U3.Ma.
B03bMHTe J1.03YHrH TOBapHI,ga CTaJ\HHa: "CAe-
J1.aTb KOAX03HHKa 3a2KHTOqHbIM", "CAeJl.aTb
142

10
. KOAX03bI 60J\.bWeBHCTCKHMH", "OBAaAeTb TeXHH-
KOn", II1eCTb HCTOpHqeCKHX YCJl.OBHH TOBapHI}Ja
CTaAHHa,--BCe, qTO HanpaBA.HeT CTpOHTeJl.bCTBO
cogHaJ\.H3Ma Ha AaHHOH CTa,c\HH HaIIleM pa60TbI,
HCXOAHT OT aToro qeJl.OBeKa, H BCe, qTO HaMH
3aBoeBaHO B nepBon n.HTHAeTKe, AOCTHrHYTO Ha
OCHOBe ero YKa3aHHM" 1.
B HaqaJ\.e 1934 rOAa CTaAHH PYKOBOAHT
pa60TaMH XVII C'be3Aa napTHH, BOIIleAIIIero B
HCTOpHIO, KaK C'be3,ll no6e,llUmeAeu. B CBOeM
OTqeTHOM AOKJl.aAe Ha C'be3,c\e 0 pa60Te !J,K
BKn (6) TOBapHIg CTaAHH nO,c\BeJl. HTor HCTOPH-
qeCKHM n06eAaM napTHH, n06eAaM cogHaAH3Ma
B CCCP.
n06eAHJ\.a nOJl.HTHKa HHAycTpHaJl.H3agHH CTpa-
HbI, nOJl.HTHKa cnAoIIlHon KO.ll.J\.eKTHBH3agHH
CeJl.bCKOrO X03.HHCTBa, J1.HKBHAagHH KYJl.aqe-
. CTBa, KaK KJ\.acca. n06eAHAo yqeHHe 0 B03Mom-
HOCTH nocTpOeHH.H cogHaJl.H3Ma B o,c\Hon
cTpaHe. CogHaJl.HCTHqeCKHn YKJ\.aA CTaA 6e3pa3-
AeJl.bHO rocnoAcTBYWI}JeM CHJl.OM BO BceM HapoA,-
HOM X03.HMcTBe, Bce OCTaAbHbIe YKJ\.aA,bI nOIIlAH
KO AHY. KOAX03bI n06eAHJl.H OKOHqaTeAbHO H
6ecnoBopoTHO.
1 C. M. Kupoo. I1s6paHHhie CTaThH H PC'lH 1912-1934,
H9A. 1939 r., CTp. 609-610.
143

Ho CTaAHH npeAynpe2KAaJl., qTO 60pb6a
Aa.l\.eKO He KOHqeHa. XOT.H BparH H pa36HTbI,
HO OCTaTKH HX HAeOJl.OrHH 2KHBYT H HepeAKO
AalOT 0 ce6e 3HaTb. OCTaJl.OCb KarrHTaJl.HCTHqe-
CKoe oKpymeHHe. aHa OmHBA.HeT H HcnoAb3yeT
rrepe2KHTKH KarrHTaAH3Ma B C03HaHHH AIOAeH.
TOBapHIJ! CTa.l\.HH YKa3bIBaJl., qTO nepe2KHTKH
KanHTaJl.H3Ma B C03HaHHH J1.IOAeH ropa3Ao 60Jl.ee
2KHByqH B 06J1.aCTH HagHoHa.1\bHOrO Borrpoca,
qeM B J\106oM APyroH 06J1.aCTH. OTBeqa.H Ha
Bonpoc, KaKoH YKJl.OH npeACTaBJI..HeT rJl.aBHYw
orracHocTb, - YKAOH K BeAHKopYCCKOMY HagHo-
HaJl.H3MY HJl.H YKJl.OH K MecTHoMY HagHoHaJl.H3MY, _
TOBapHI}J CTaJl.HH rOBopHA, qTO npH coBpeMeH-
HbIX YCJl.OBHHX "r J1.aBHYW onaCHOCTb npeAcTaB-
.I\..HeT TOT YKJl.OH, npOTHB KOToporo nepeCTaJl.H
60pOTbCH H KOTOPOMY AaJl.H TaKHM 06pa30M
pa3paCTHCb AO rocy AapcTBeHHoM onaCHOCTH" 1.
HymHa CHCTeMaTHqeCKa.H pa60Ta no npeoAoJl.e-
HHIO rrepemHTKoB KanHTaJl.H3Ma B C03HaHHH J1.W-
AeM; HymHa CHCTeMaTHqeCKaH KpHTHKa HAeoJl.O-
rHH Bcex Bpa2KAe6HbIx J1.eHHHH3MY TeqeHHM; He06-
XOAHMbI HeycTaHHa.H nponaraHAa J1.eHHHH3Ma,
nOBbIllIeHHe HAeOAOrHqeCKOro ypOBH.H qJl.eHOB
napTHH, HHTepHagHoHaJl.bHoe BocnHTaHHe TpYAH-
1 11. Cma.llUH. Bonpochl ACHHHHSMa, 11.9..1;. ll-c, CTp. 474.
144

. ,It. ).
\ ,- ! 
i\:i" 'il t ,\ - ; ;iij Ff
_ . ..::,r<.,. .'i 
\ '<. c:<" I J1 -  J ' ,> ,
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11. B. CTaJ\HH H A M r -
. . OpbKHH.
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::-.
lJ!HXCH. Cl'aJl.HH C OC060H CHJl.OH nOAqepKHYJI. He-
OPXOAHMOCTb nOBbIIIIeHH.H 6AHTeAbHOCTH rrapTHH:
"He y6awKHBaTb HaAO rrapTHW,- a pa3BHBaTb B
HeM 6AHTeAbHOCTb, He YCblITJl.HTb ee, - a AepmaTb
B COCTO.HHHH 60eBoM rOTOBHOCTH, He pa3a-
PymaTb, - a BoopymaTb, He AeM06HJl.H30BbI-
BaTb, - a AepmaTb ee B COCTO.HHHH M06HJl.H3a-
gHH AJI..H OCYlJ!eCTBAeHH.H BTOpOH n.RTH.1\eTKH" 1.
B AOKAaAe CTaAHHa 6bIJ\a AaHa KOHKpeTHa.H
rrporpaMMa AaAbHeHIIIeH pa60TbI napTHH B 06-
J1.aCTH npOMbIWJl.eHHOCTH, CeJl.bCKOro X03.HHCTBa,
TOprOBJl.H, TpaHcnopTa, rrporpaMMa opraHH3a-
gHoHHoM pa60TbI (KaApbI, npoBepKa H KOHTpO.l\.b
HCnOJl.HeH.H); nOCTaBJl.eHa 3aAaqa - "nOAH.HTb
opraHH3agHoHHoe PYKOBOAcTBO AO ypOBH.H nOAH-
THqeCKOrO PYKOBoAcTBa". B AOKAaAe CTaJl.HHa
AaHa rrporpaMMa pa60TN B 06J1.aCTH KYJl.bTypN,
HaYKH, HaAHoro 06pa30BaHH.H, HAeOJl.OrHqe-
cKoM 60pb6bI.
B CBOeM AOKJl.aAe, rOBopH 0 BHeIIlHeH rrOAH-
THKe CCCP, TOBapHl}J CTaJl.HH CKa3aJl., liTO B
KanHTaJl.HCTHqeCKOM MHpe 6YIIIyeT SKOHOMHqe-
CKHH KpH3HC H rrpOHCXOAHT AHXOpaAoqHa.H
IIOArOTOBKa BOHHbl B geAoM p.HAe CTpaH, OCO-
6eHHO B r epMaHHH B CBH3H C npHXOAOM K
1 H. Cma.ll.UH. BonpOCbI J\CHHHHSMa, USA- ll.c, CTp. 484.
145

BJl.aCTH q>aIIlHCTOB. CpeAH aKOHOMHqeCKHX no-
Tp.HCeHHH H BoeHHo-nOJl.HTHqeCKHX KaTaCTpoq>
CCCP npOAOJ\.lRaeT TBCPAO H HenOKOJl.e6HMO
CTO.HTb Ha CBOHX MHpHbIX n03HgH.HX, 60p.HCb
C yrp030H BOHHbI, HaCTOMqHBO npoBoAH nOJl.H-
THKY MHpa.
"HaIIla BHeIIlH.H.H IIOAHTHKa .HCHa, - rOBOpHJI.
TOBapmg CTaJl.HH. - aHa eCTb nOJl.HTHKa coxpa-
HeHH.H MHpa H YCHAeHH.H ToprOBWX OTHOIIleHHH
co BceMH CTpaHaMH. CCCP He AYMaeT yrpo-
maTb KOMY 6bI TO HH 6IAO H-TeM 60Aee-
HanaCTb Ha Koro 6bI TO HH 6bIJl.0. MbI CTOHM
3a MHp H OTCTaHBaeM AeJl.o MHpa. Ho MbI He
60HMC.H yrp03 H rOTOBbI OTBeTHTb Y AapoM Ha
YAap nO,lJ,2KHraTeAeH BOMHbI... ATe, KOTopbIe
nonbITaWTC.H HanaCTb Ha HaIIlY cTpaHY, - noJl.Y-
qaT COKPYIIIHTeJl.bHbIM OTnop, qT06bI BnpeAb He
nOBaAHO 6b1J1.o HM COBaTb CBOe CBHHoe pbIAO
B HaIIl cOBeTcKHM oropoA" 1.
XVII C'be3A no npeAAomeHHIO C. M. KHpOBa
npHH.HJI. AOKJl.aA TOBapHI}Ja CTaJl.HHa, KaK peIIle-
HHe C'be3Aa, KaK napTHHHbIM 3aKOH, KaK npo-
rpaMMY pa60TbI napTHH Ha 6AHlRaHIIIHM nepHOA.
Ha C'be3Ae 6bIJI. YTBepmACH H BTOpOH nHTHAeT-
HHH nAaH pa3BHTH.H HapOAHoro X03.HMCTBa.
*
1 H. Cma.ll.UH. BonpOChI J\CHHHHSM8, BSA. U-c, CTp. 438.

. 
t X t

PE3Y Ab T ATE ycnexoB reHepaJ\.bHoH
J1.HHHH napTHH B CTpaHe npoAOJl.maJ\.C.H
HeYKJl.oHHbIM pOCT rrpOMbIIIIJ\eHHOCTH H
CeJl.bCKOrO X03.HHCTBa. BTOpa.H CTaAHHCKaH n.H-
THJl.eTKa no npOMblIIlJl.eHHOCTH 6bIJl.a BbmOAHeHa
K arrpeAW 1937 o rOAa, AOCPOqHO-B qeTbIpe rOAa
H TPH MecHga. 3aBepIIleHHe peKOHCTpYKgHH
npOMbIWJl.eHHOCTH H CeJl.bCKOrO X03HHCTBa npH-
BeJ\.O K TOMY, qTO HaIIle HapoAHoe X03.HHCTBO
0I{a3aAOCb CHa6.meHHbIM caMoM nepeAOBoM B
MHpe TeXHHKOH. Hawa npOMbIIIIJl.eHHOCTb nOJ\Y-
qHAa rpOMa,lJ,HOe KOAHqeCTBO MaIIlHH, CTaHKOB
H ApyrHx opy AHH npOH3BOACTBa. HaIIle ceJ\.b-
CKoe x03HMcTBO rrOA yqHJl.O nepBoKJ\.accHbIe
COBeTCKHe TpaKTopbI, KOM6aMHbi H ApyrHe cJl.om-
HbIe ceJ\.bcKOX03.HMCTBeHHbIe MaIIlHHbI. TpaHcnopT
n
147

1l0AyqMA nepBOKJ\.aCCHbIe aBTOM06HAH, napo-
BOSbI, napOXOAbI, CaMOAeTbI. KpaCHa.H ApMHH
nOJl.yqHAa HOBoe, 3aMeqaTeAbHoe TeXHHqeCKOe
OCHalJ!eHHe- apTHAAepHIO, TaHKH, CaMOJl.eTbI,
Kopa6AH BoeHHo-MopcKoro (f)AoTa.
Bc.H aTa rHraHTCKaH pa60TR no TeXHHqeCKOMY
nepeBoopym.eHHIO HaIIlero HapOAHoro X03HHCTBa
npOXOAHT nOA HellocpeACTBeHHbIM PYKOBOA-
CTBOM TOBapHI}Ja CTa.l\HHa. HOBbIe MapKH MaIIlHH,
KpynHbIe TeXHHqeCKHe HOBIIIeCTBa HJl.H H306peTe-
HH.H BHe,ll;p.HJl.HCb H BHe,ll;pHlOTCH B m.H3Hb no Heno-
cpeACTBeHHbIM YKa3aHH.HM TOBapHI}Ja CTaJl.HHa.
OH AHqHO BXO,ll;HT BO Bce ,lI;eTaAH pa60TbI no
TeXHHqeCKOM peKOHCTpYKgHH npOMbIIIIAeHHO-
CTH H CeJl.bCKoro X03.HMCTBa, B,lI;OxHoBAHeT H
OKpbIJl.HeT pa60qHX H HHm.eHepOB, PYKOBOAHTe-
J1.eii npe,ll;llpHHTHl1: H I' AaBKOB, H306peTaTeAeM H
KOHCTPYKTOpOB. Oc06eHHO 60Jl.bIIlOe H J\.1060B-
Hoe BHHMaHHe OH y AeJ\..HeT TeXHHqeCKOMY OCHa-
lJ!eHHIO HaWeH: KpaCHOH: APMHH, BoeHHo-
B03AYIIlHoro H BoeHHo-MopcKoro <PJl.OTOB, B
pe3YJl.bTaTe qero KpaCHaH ApMH.H CTa.l\a rp03-
HOH AJl.H BparOB cogHaAH3Ma CHJl.OH.
OAHHM H3 Bam.HeHIIIHX BonpOCOB CTpOHTeAb-
CTBa cogHaJl.H3Ma, C KOTOpbIMH npHIIIAOCb HMeTb
,lI;eJl.o napTHH, 6bI.I\ Bonpoc 0 BocnHTaHHH
COBeTCKHM 06I}JeCTEOM c06CTBeHHbIX Ka,ll;poB,
148

o C03AaHHH COBeTCKHM HapOAOM H npe2KAe
Bcero pa60qHM K.II.aCCOM cBoeM HHTeAJ\.HreH-
gHH. I1cxoA.H H3 AeHHHCKHX YKa3aHHM 0 TOM,
qTO cogHaJl.HCTHqeCK.H peBoAlOgH.H .HBA.HeTC.H
OCHOBHbIM YCJl.OBHeM AA.H MOI}JHoro nOA'beMa
KYAbTypbI HapoAHbIX Macc, TOBapHIM CTaJl.HH
pacgeHHBaA Bonpoc 0 .KYJl.bTypHbIX CHJ\.ax pa60-
qero KJl.aCCa, KaK OAHH H3 peIIlaWI}JHX BonpOCOB
cogHaAHCTHqeCKOrO CTpOHTe.ll.bCTBa. T OBapHIg
CTaJl.HH rOBOpHJI.:
"H3 Bcex CYI}JeCTBOBaBllIHX AO CI1X IIOp
rocnoACTBYWIMHX K.II.aCCOB pa60qHH KAacc,
KaK rOCIIOACTBYWI}JHH KAacc, 3aHHMaeT B
HCTOpHH HeCKOAbKO oc060e 11 He BnOAHe
6J1.arOnpH.HTHOe nOA02KeHHe. Bce rocnOACTBO-
.
BaBIIIHe AO CHX nop KAaCCbI - pa60BJl.aAeAb-
gbI, nOMeI}JHKH, KanHTaJl.HCTbI - 6bIAH BMeCTe
C TeM KJl.aCCaMH 60raTbIMH. OHH HMeAH B03-
M02KHOCTb 06yqaTb CBOHX CbIHOBeH 3HaHH.HM
H HaBbIKaM, He06xOAHMbIM AAH ynpaBAeHHH.
Pa60qHH KAacc OT .ll.HqaeTC.H OT HHX, Me2KAY
npOqHM, TeM, qTO OH .HBJ\.HeTC.H KJl.aCCOM
He60raTbIM, OH He HMeJl. paHbIIle B03MomHOCTH
06yqa Tb CBOHX cbIHoBeM 3HaHM.HM H HaBblKaM
ynpaBAeHH.H H OH IIO.ll.yqHJI. TaKYIO B03M02K-
HOCTb TOAbKO Tenepb, IIOCAe npHxoAa K BAac-
'rHo B aTOM, MemAY IIPOqHM, H COCTOHT
- 149

OCTpOTa BOnpOCa 0 KY.1\bTypHoM peBOAIO-
gHH Y HaC" \
Bonpoc 0 c06CTBeHHbIX KaApax TPY A.HI,YHXC.H
npH06peA Y Hac oc060e 3HaqeHHe, KorAa HaIIla
CTpaHa 6bIJl.a yme 06HJl.bHO HaCbII}JeHa HOBOH
TexHHKoM H Kor Aa nO.HBHJl.aCb OCTpa.H HymAa
B AIOA.HX, OBJl.aAeBIIIHX TexHHKoM H cnoc06HbIX
B nOAHoM Mepe HcnOAb30BaTb ee Ha 6Aaro
HaIIleH POAHHbI.
HOBa.H, Moryqa.H TeXHHKa nOTpe60BaAa .11.10-
AeM, MorYI}JHX OCeAJl.aTb aTY TeXHHKY, BbImaTb
U3 Hee BCe, qTO OHa MomeT AaTb. He06xoAHMO
6bIJl.0 KPYTO nOBepHYTb BHHMaHHe HaIIlHX Ka,lJ,-
pOB B CTOPOHY OCBOeHH.H HOBOM TeXHHKH, B
CTOPOHY BceMepHoro YCHJl.eHH.H pa60TbI no BbI-
paI,YHBaHHW MHOrOqHCJl.eHHbIX KaApOB, cnoc06-
HbIX BbImaTb H3 aToH TeXHHKH MaKcHMYM aq>-
qJeKTa. B STOM OTHOIIleHHH HCKJl.lOqHTeJl.bHoe
3HaqeHHe HMeAO BbIcTynAeHHe CTaJ\HHa Ha BbI-
nYCKe aKaAeMHKOB KpaCHOM ApMHH B Mae
1935 rOAa.
"llT06bI npHBeCTH TeXHHKY B ABHmeHHe, -
roBopHJI. TOB CTaAHH, - H HcnOAb30BaTb ee AO
1 H. Cma.ll.UH. 0 pa60T8X AlJpl'J\hCKoro 06'bl'AHHeHHoro nJ\CHYMa
UK H YKK. AOKJ\8A Ha C06P8HHH 8KTHBa MOCKOBCKOH opraHHs8gHB
BKll(6) 13 anpcJ\JI 1928 r., HSA. 1928 r., CTp. 15.
150

AHa, HymHbI AWAH, oBAaAeBIIIHe TeXHHKOH.
HymHbl KaApbI, cnoc06HbIe OCBOHTb H HcnOAb-
30BaTb STY TeXHHKY no BceM npaBHJl.aM HCKYC-
CTBa. TeXHHKa 6e3 AWAeM, OBAaAeBIIIHX TeXHH.
KOM, - MepTBa. T eXHHKa BO I' J\.aBe C AIOAbMH.
oBJ\.aAeBIIIHMH TeXHHKOM, MomeT H AOJ\.mHa AaTb
qy Aeca. ECAI-{ 6bI Ha HaIIlHX nepBOKAaCCHbIX
3aBOAax H q>a6pHKax, B HaIIlHX COBX03ax H
KOJl.X03aX, Ha HallieM. TpaHcnopTe, B HaIIleH
KpacHoM ApMHH HMeJl.OCb AOCTaTOqHOe KOAH-
qeCTBO KaApOB, cnoc06HbIX OCeAJl.aTb STY Tex-
HHKY, CTpaHa' HallIa nOAyqHAa 6bI acpq>eKTa
BTpoe H BQeTBepO 60AbIIle, qeM OHa HMeeT
Tenepb... HaAo, HaKoHeg, nOH.HTb, qTO H3 Bcex
geHHbIx KanHTaJl.OB, HMelOI}JHXC.H B MHpe, ca-
MbIM geHHbIM H caMbIM peIIlalOIgHM KanH..
.
TaJl.OM .HBJI..HWTCH AIOAH, KaApbI. HaAo nOH.HTb,
qTO npH HallIHX HbIHelllHHX YCJ\.OBH.HX "KaApbl
peIIlaWT BCe". 6YAYT Y Hac xopOllIHe H MHoro-
qHC.II.eHHbIe KaApbI B npOMbIWJl.eHHOCTH, B CeJl.b-
CKOM X03HMCTBe, Ha TpaHcnopTe, B apMHH,-
HaIIla CTpaHa 6y AeT Hen06eAHMa. He 6y AeT Y Hac
TaKHX KaAPOB-6YAeM xpOMaTb Ha 06e HorH" 1"
BbIcTynJl.eHHe TOBapHI}Ja CTaJ\.HHa .HBHAOCb
MoryqHM TOJl.qKOM AJI..H peIIleHH.H O,lJ,HOH H3
1 H. Cma.ll.UH. BonpoChl ,J\CHHHH!lMa, H!I,!t. 11-e, CTp. 490, 491.
151

BamHeMllIHX 3a,ll;aq cogHaAHCTHqeCKOrO' CTPOH-
TeAbCTBa - npo6AeMbI Ka,ll;pOB. CHJ\.a aToro YKa-
3aHH.H BomAH napTHH COCTO.HJ\.a He TOJ\.bKO B
TOM, qTO OHO IIOBepHYJl.O BHHMaHHe Bcex napTHH-
HblX H COBeTCKHX opraHH3agHH K np06J1.eMe Kail-
pOB. CHJl.a ero COCTO.HJl.a H B TOM, qTO OHO no-
AyqHAO lliHpOImH H MaCCOBbIM OTKJl.HK CHH3Y,
BbI3BaJl.O HOBbIM TPY AOBOH nOA'beM.
no HHHgHaTHBe nepeAOBbIX pa60qHX CHH3Y
nOAH.HJ\.oCb C MoryqeM CHJl.OM cmaxaHOBCKoe
,l/BuaceHue. HaqaBlliHCb B 40H6acce, B yrOAb-
HOM npoMbIIIIAeHHocTH, OHO C HeBepO.HTHOM
6bICTpOTOM OXBaTHJl.O BCIO cTpaHY, Bce OTpaCJl.H
HapoAHoro x03HMcTBa. 4eC.HTKH. H COTHH TbIC.Hq
3aMeqa TeJl.bHblX repoeB TPY Aa nOKa3aJl.H o6pa3gbI
oBJ\.aAeHH.H TexHHKoM H cogHaJl.HCTHqeCKOH npo-
H3BOAHTeJl.bHOCTH TpY,II;a B npOMbIIIIJl.eHHOCTH, Ha
TpaHcnopTe, B CeJl.bCKOM X03.HHCTBe.
T oBapHIg CTaJ\.HH OCBeTHJI. nepeA napTHeH
H BceM CTpaHoH BeAHKoe UCTOpHqeCKOe 3Haqe-
Hue aToro HOBoro ABHmeHH.H. BbIcTyna.H B HO.H6pe
:1935 rO,ll;a Ha nepBOM Bcecow3HoM COBeI}JaHHH
.cTaxaHoBgeB, CTaJl.HH rOBopHA, qTO CTaxaHOB-
CKoe ABHmeHHe "BbIpamaeT HOBbIH nO,ll;'beM CO-
gHaJl.HCTHqeCKOrO copeBHOBaHH.H, HOBbIM, BbIC-
WHH aTan cogHaJl.HCTHqeCKOrO copeBHOBaHH.H...
3HaqeHHe CTaxaHOBCKoro ,ll;BHmeHH.H COCTOHT
152

B TOM, qTO OHO HBAHeTC.H TaKHM ABHmeHHeM,
KOTOpOe AOMaeT CTaphIe TeXHHIJeCKHe HOpMbI,
l<aK HeAOCTaTOqHhIe, nepeKpbIBaeT B geAoM
p.HAe cAyqaeB npOH3BOAHTeAbHOCTb TpY,lI,a ne-
peAOBbIX KanHTaJ\.HCTHqeCKHX CTpaH H OTKpbI-
BaeT, TaKHM 06pa30M, npaKTHqeCKYIO B031\Om-
Hoc'rh AaAbHeHIIIero YKpenJ\.eHH.H cogHaAH3Ma B
HailleM CTpaHe, B03MOLKHOCTb npeBpaI}JHH.H Ha-
II1eM CTpaHbI B HaH60Aee 3amHTOqHYW CTpaHY" \
TOBapHIJJ CTaAHH nOKa3aJ\., qTO CTaxaHOBCKoe
ABHmeHHe npOKJl.aAhIBaeT nYTb K KOMMYHH3MY,
QTO OHO cOAep*HT _ B ce6e 3epHO TaKoro KY.II.b-
TypHO-TeXHHqeCKOrO nOA'beMa pa6oqero KJ\.acca,
I<OTOpbIM BeAeT K J1.HKBHAagHH npOTHBonOAom-
HOCTH YMCTBeHHoro H q>H3HqeCKOrO TPY Aa.
fOBOp.H 0 npeAnOCWAKax CTaxaHOBCKoro ABH-
meHHH, TOBapHI}J CTaJl.HH nOKa3aJl., B qeM BeJ\.H-
KaH CHAa H Hen06eAHMOCTb HallIeii peBoAlOgHH:
"HallIa peBoAlOgHH .HBAHeTC.H eAHHCTBeHHoii,
KOTopaH He TOAbKO pa36H.II.a OKOBbI KanHTa-
J\.H3Ma H AaJ\.a HapoAY CBo60AY, HO ycneAa eI}Je
AaTb HapOAY MaTepHaAbHbIe YCAOBH.H A.II..H 3a-
mHTOqHOH mH3HH. B STOM CHAa Ii H en06eAH-
MOCTb HaIIleH peBoAlOgHH" 2.
1 11. Cma.llUH. Bonpochl MHHHHSMa, HSA. ll-c, CTp. 493,49'1-495.
2 TaM me, CTp. 499. .
11 H. B. CTaJlHB
153

CTaJ\HH HenOCpeACTBeHHO PYKOBOAHA pa6o-
TOM Bcecow3Horo cOBeI}JaHH.H cTaxaHoBgeB H
ApyrHx COBeI}JaHHH nepeAoBHKoB npoMbIIIIAeH-
HOCTH, TpaHcnopTa H ceJ\.bCKoro X03.HMcTBa B
KpeMJ\e. BMecTe co cTaxaHoBgaMH npoMbIIII-
J\.eHHOCTH H TpaHcnopTa, C KOM6aMHepaMH, C
rpaKTopHCTaMH, AO.HpKaMH, C repOHH.HMH CBeK-
J1.0BHqHbIX nOAeM OH 06cymAaA B AeTaAHx BO-
npocbI TeXHHKH H npoH3BoAcTBa BO Bcex OT-
paCA.HX HapoAHoro X03HHcTBa.
B KpeMAe CTaAHH COBMeCTHO C qJl.eHaMH UK
Ii npaBHTeAbcTBa npHHHMaA MHOrOqHC.1\eHHbIe
AeAeragHH 6paTcKHx C0!JHaAHCTHqeCKHX pecny-
6AHK. BTO 6bIJl.a .HpKa.H AeMoHcTpagH.H BAHKOM
APym6bI HapoAoB COBeTcKoro COI03a, AOCTHr-
lIYTOH Ha OCHOBe npOBeAeHH.H AeHHHCKO-CTaJ\HH-
CKOM Ha!JHoHaAbHoM nOJl.HTHKH. BMecTe C nepe-
AOBbIMH pa60qHMH H KOJl.X03HHKaMH TOBapHIJ!
CTaJl.HH Hero copaTHHKH' BbIpa6aTbIBaAH Bam-
HeMIIIHe peIlIeHH.H no caMbIM KpynHbIM BonpocaM
C0!JHaJ\.HCTHqeCKOrO CTpOHTeAbCTBa.
"J\eHHH yqHJI., qTO HaCTO.HIJ!HMH PYKOBOAHTe-
J1.HMH-60AbIIleBHKaMH MorYT 6bITb TOAbKO TaKHe
PYKOBOAHTeAH, KOTopbIe YMe.IOT He TOAbKO yqHTb
pa60qHX Ii KpeCTb.HH, HO H yqHTbC.H Y HHX",-
TaK roBopHA TOBapHIJ! CTaAHH B CBOeM BbICTY-
nJ\eHHH Ha cOBeI}JaHHH cTaxaHoBgeB. OH caM
154

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(/Jomo.

AaA AyqWHH 06pa3eg TaKOH CB.H3H C MaCCaMH,
HaqHHaH C ::epBbIX me II1arOB CBoeH peBOJ\IO-
gHOHHOH AeHTeJl.bHOCTH.
CogHaAHCTH1IeCKa.H peKOHCTpYKgH.H Bcero Ha-
pOAHoro x03HMcTBa BM3BaAa KopeHHoe H3MeHe-
HHe B COOTHOIIleHHH KAaCCOB B CTpaHe. 8TO Tpe-
60Ba.ll.o H3MeHeHHH B KOHCTHTygHH, npHH.HToM
. eI}Je B 1924 rOAY. no HHHgHaTHBe TOB. CTaAHHa
UK napTHH BbIABHHY.1\ Ha VII C'be3Ae COBeToB
CCCP npeAJl.OmeHHe 06 H3MeHeHHH KOHCTH-
TygHH.
CnegHaAbHa.H KOHcTHTygHoHHa.H KOMHCCH.H nOA
IIpeACeAaTeJl.bCTBOM TOBapHI}Ja CTaAHHa BbIpa-
60TaAa npoeKT HOBOH KOHCTHTygHH. npoeKT
6bIJI. nOABeprHYT BceHapoAHoMY 06cymAeHHw,
AJl.HBllIeMycH n.HTb C nO.1\oBHHOM MeC.HgeB. He
6bIJl.0 yroAKa B HaIIleH CTpaHe, rAe 6bI TPYAH-
IgHeC.H He H3yqaAH H He 06cymAaAH aTOT Be-
.1\HqaMIIIHM AOKYMeHT B HCTOpHH qeAOBeqeCTBa.
Becb COBeTCKHH HapoA C orpOMHOH paAoCTblO
H ropAoCTblO npHBeTCTBoBaA H OA06p.HA npoeKT
KOHCTHTygHH. .
B . CBOeM AOKJl.aAe Ha 4pe3BbIqaHHOM VIII
BcecolO3HOM C'be3Ae COBeTOB 0 npoeKTe HOBOH
KOHCTHTygHH 25 HO.H6p.H 1936 rOAa TOBapHIg
CTaAHH AaJl. I' Ay60Koe 060cHoBaHHe aToro
npoeKTa KOHCTHTygHH, BCKpbIB Te orpOMHhIe
12 H. B. CTaJIHjI
155

"-
CABHrH, KOTopbIe npOH30IIIAH B HaIIleM CTpaHe.
co BpeMeHH npHH.HTH.H KOHCTHTygHH 1924 I'OAa.
n06eAa C0!JHa.i\H3Ma AaJl.a B03MO.mHOCTb nepeMTH
K AaAbHeHIIIeH AeMoKpaTH3agHH H36HpaTeJl.bHOH
CHCTeMbI, K BBeAeHHIO Bce06I}JeI'o, paBHoro
H np.HMOI'O H36HpaTeAbHoI'o npaBa rrpH TaHHoM
I'OAOCOBaHHH.
Bce BeJl.HqaMIIIHe n06eAbI cogHaJl.H3Ma 3aKpe-
rrJ\.eHbI B KOHcTHTY!JHH CCCP. Cor AaCHO KOH-
CTHTygHH COBeTCKoe 06I}JecTBo COCTOHT H3 ABYX
Apy.meCTBeHHbIX Apyr Apyry KJl.aCCOB- pa60tIHX
H KpeCTbRH. nOAHTHtIecKYw OCHOBY CCCP
COCTaBJI..HIOT COBeTbI AerrYTaTOB TPYA.HI}JHXCH.
8KOHOMHqeCKOH oCHoBoM CCCP .HBAReTC.H co-
!JHaJl.HCTHqeCKa.H c06cTBeHHocTb Ha cpeACTBa
rrpOH3BOAcTBa. BceM I'pa.mAaHaM CCCP 06e-
CnetIHBaeTC.H npaBO Ha TPY A, Ha OT AbIX, Ha
06pa30BaHHe, Ha MaTepHaJl.bHOe 06eCrreqeHHe
B cTapocTH, B cJl.YtIae 60Ae3HH H nOTepH
TPY Aocnoc06HOCTH. PaBHonpaBHe rpamAaH He-
3aBHCHMO OT HX HagHoHaAbHocTH, pacN H nOAa
.HBJI..HeTC.H HenpeJl.OmHbIM 3aKOHOM. KOHCTHTY-
!JH.H - B HHTepecax YKperrAeHH.H cogHaJl.HCTHqe-
CKoI'O 06I.geCTBa - I'apaHTHpyeT cB060AY cAoBa,
netIaTH, c06paHHi1 H MHTHHI'oB, npaBo 06'beAH-
HCHH.H B 06IgecTBeHHble opI'aHH3agHH, HerrpH-
KOCHOBeHHOCTb > AHtIFOCTH, HenpHKocHoBeHHocTb
156

iKHJ\.HI}Ja H TaHHY nepenHCKH, npaBO y6emHIga
HHOCTpaHHbIM rpaiKAaHaM, npeC.I\.eAyeMbIM 3a
.3aI}JHTY HHTepeCOB TPy A.HIgHXC.H, HAH 3a Hayq-
HYIO AeHTeJl.bHOCTb, HJl.H 3a HagHoHaAbHO-OCBo-
60AHTeAbHYW 60pb6y. 8TH HeBHAaHHbIe B
HCTOpHH BeJl.HqaMIIIHe npaBa H cB060AbI TPY-
A.HI}JHXC.H o6eCneqeHbI J.I/7aTepHaAbHo, SKOHO-
MHqeCKH BceH cHcTeMoM CO!!HaJ\.HCTH1JeCKOrO
X03.HHCTBa, He 3HalOIgero KpH3HCOB, aHapXHH,
6eapa60THgbI.
KOHCTHTygH.H CCCP BMeCTe C TeM Ha.l\araeT
Ha Bcex rpamAaH Cepbe3HbIe 06.H3aTeJl.bCTBa:
c06AlOAaTb 3aKOHbI, AHcgHnJl.HHY TpYAa, qeCTHO
OTHOCHTbCH K 06I}JeCTBeHHOMY AOJl.ry, YBaiKaTb
npaBH.I\.a cogHaJl.HCTHqeCKOrO 06I}JeiKHTH.H, 6e-
peqb H YKpenA.HTb cogHaAHCTHqeCKYIO c06-
CTBeHHOCTb, 3aIgHIgaTb cogHaJ\.HCTHqeCKOe oTe-
qeCTBO.
To, 0 qeM Me1JTaJl.H COTHH J1.eT J1.Y1JWHe,
nepeAOBbIe YMbI qeJl.OBeqeCTBa, cAeJl.aJl.a
HenpeAomHbIM BaKOHOM KOHcTHTygH.H CCCP-
KOHcTHTygHH n06eAHBIIIero cogHaJl.H3Ma H
pa3BepHY'I'OM cogHaAHCTHqeCKOH AeMOKpa-
THH.
BTa I\.O:ICTHTygl-'IH 6bIAa oA06peHa H YTBep-
-iKAeHa VIII C'be3AOM COBeToB 5 AeKa6p.H
1936 rDAa. HapOAbI CCCP eAHHoAYIIlHO
12*
157

Ha3BaAH HOBYIO KOHCTHTygHW CCCP B qeCTb
ee TBopga CTaAHHcKoM KOHCTHTygHeH. 4J1..H TPY-
A.HIgHXC.H CCCP OHa .HBA.HeTC.H HTorOM 60pb6bI
H n06eA, AA.H TPY A.HI!!HXC.H Bcex KanHTaAHCTH-
qeCKHX CTpaH- BeAHKoM nporpaMMOH 60pb6bI.
KOHCTHTygH.H 3aKpenH.II.a TOT BceMHpHO-HCTO-
pHlIeCImH q>aKT, qTO CCCP BCTynHA B HO-
BYW nOAOCY pa3BHTH.H, B nOAoey .3aBepIIleHH.H
CTpOHTeJl.bCTBa cogHaJl.HCTHqeCKOrO 06I}JeCTBa
H nOCTeneHHoro nepexOAa K KOMMYHH3MY. aHa
BoopymaeT TpYA.HI}JHXC.H Bcero MHpa MopaAbHO
H nOJl.HTHlIeCKH Ha 60pb6y C 6ypmya3HoH peaK-
gHeH. aHa nOKa3bIBaeT, qTO OCYI}JeCTBAeHHOe
B CCCP MomeT 6bITb oeYIgeCTBAeHO Ii B APY-
rHX CTpaHax.
XapaKTepH3Y.H MemAYHapoAHoe 3HalIeHHe
KOHCTHTygHH CCCP, CTaAHH rOBOpHJI.:
" T errepb, Kor Aa MYTHa.H BOAHa q>aIIlH3Ma on-
AeBbIBaeT cogHaAHCTHqeCKOe ABHmeHHe pa6o-
qero KAacca H CMeIIlHBaeT C rp.H3bW AeMO-
KpaTHqeCKHe YCTpeMAeHH.H AYlIWHX AIOAeH
gHBHAH30BaHHoro MHpa, HOBaH KOHCTHTygH.H
CCCP 6y AeT 06BHHHTeAbHbIM aKTOM npOTHB
q>aWH3Ma, rOBOp.HI}JHM 0 TOM, qTO cogHaAH3M
H AeMOKpaTH.H Hen06eAHMbI. HOBaR KOHCTHTY-
gHH CCCP 6YAeT MopaAbHOM: nOMOI}JbW H pe-
a.ll.bHbIM nOACIIopbeM AJ\.H Bcex Tex, KTO eeAYT
158

HbIHe 60pb6y npOTHB cpallIHCTCKOrO BapBap-
CTBa" 1 .
n06eAbI cogHaJl.H3Ma, OAepmaHHbIe napTHeM,
npHBOAH.1\H BparOB HapoAa eI}Je B 60AbllIee 6e-
llIeHCTBO. B 1937 rOAY 6bIAH BCKpbITbI HOBbIe
AaHHbIe 06 mmeprax H3 6yxapHHcKo-TpogKH-
cTcKoM 6aHAbI II1nHOHOB, BpeAHTeJ\.eM, y6HHg,
COCTOHBIIIHX Ha cAym6e y pa3BeAoK KanHTaAH-
CTHqeCKHX rocYAapcTB. CYAe6HbIe. npogeccbI
nOKa3aAH, qTO aTH nOAOHKH qeAOBeqeCKOrO
pOAa COCTO.HAH B 3aroBope npoTuB AeHHHa,
KOToporo HaMepeBaAHcb apecToBaTb, B 3aroBope
npoTHB napTJm, COBeTcKoro rocYAapcTBa yme
C nepBbIx AHeM OKTH6pbCKOH peBoAlOgHH.
BbInoAHH.H BOJl.W CBOHX HMnepHaAHCTHqeCKHX
x03HeB, OHH CTaBHJl.H cBoeM geAblO pa3pYIIleHHe
napTHH H COBeTcKoro rocYAapcTBa, nOApbIB
060POHbi cTpaHbI, 06AerqeHHe HHOCTpaH1IOM
HHTepBeHgHH, nOAroToBKY nopameHHH KpacHoM
APMHH, paCqAeHeHHe CCCP, npeBpaI}JeHHe ero
B KOJl.OHHIO HMnepHaAH3Ma, BOCCTaHOBJl.eHHe
B CCCP KanHTaJ\.HCTHqeCKOrO pa6cTBa. OapTH.H
H COBeTCKa.H BAaCTb pa3rpoMHAH OCHHble rHe3Aa
BparoB HapoAa. B CBOeM AOKAaAe ,,0 HeAo-
CTaTKax napTuMHoM pa60TbI" Ha nAeHYMe
1 11. CmO.ll.UH. BOnpOCb! J\l'HHHH3Ma, H9A. 11-e, C'I'p. 533-534.
159

-UI\ B MapTe 1937 rOAa CTaAHH Aa.1\. qeTKYw npo-
rpaMMY YKpenAeHH.H napTHlfHbIX H COBeTCKHX
opraHOB, nporpaMMY MeponpHRTHM no nOBbIlIIe-
HHIO nO.1\HTHqeCKOIi 6AHTeAbHocTH, BbIABHHYA
}\.03YHr "OBJl.aAeTb 60AbIIleBH3MoM". CTa.ll.HH BO-
. opymHJI. napTHIO AJI..H 60pb6bI C BparaMH HapoAa,
,HayqHA cpbIBaTb C HHX MaCKH.
COBeTcKHM cy A paCKpbIA HX 3.11.0AeHHHH H
npHrOBOpJ1. TpogKHcTcKo-6yxapHHcKHX H3Bep-
rOB K paCCTpeAY. COBeTcKHM HapOA oA06pH.II.
,pa3rpoM TpogKHcTcKo-6yxapHHcKoM 6aHAbI H
nepellIeAK OqepeAHbIM AeAaM - K nOArOTOBKe
BbI60pOB B BepxoBHbIM COBeT CCCP.
noi PYKOBOACTBOM UK H TOBapHI}Ja CTaJl.HHa
napTH.H pa3BepHYJl.a BO-BCW nOAroTOBHTeJl.bHYIO
pa60Ty K BbI60paM. BBeAeHHe HOBOM KOHCTH-
TygHH 03HaqaAO nOBopOT B nOAHTHqeCKOH
mH3HH CTpaHbI, AaJl.bHeHIIIYIO AeMoKpaTH3agHIO
BeeM ee nOAHTHqeCKOH mH3HH. HOBa.H H36Hpa-
TeAbHaH CHCTeMa npHBeAa K YCMJl.eHHIO nOAH-
THqeCKOH aKTHBHOCTH Macc, HX KOHTpOAH
B OTHOIIleHHH opraHOB COBeTcKoH BJl.aCTH, K
YCHAeHHIO OTBeTCTBeHHOCTH opraHOB COBeT-
CKOM BAaCTH nepeA HapOAoM. OOAPYKOBOACTBOM
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CTpOHAa B COOTBeTCTBHH C HOBbIMH 3aAaqaMH
q>0PMbI CBoeM pa60TbI B Ayxe pa3BepTbIBaHHH
160

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rrapTHHHbIMH MaccaMH. Bo rJl.aBY yrJl.a H36H-
paTeJl.bHoM KaMnaHHH napTHH nOJ\.omHAa CTa-
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THMHbIX.
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CTaJl.HH BbIcTynHJI. B CTaAHHcKoM H36HpaTeJl.bHOM
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r,4e Ha HapOA ,4aB.HT 5KcnAyaTaTopcKHe KJ\.accw.
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HbIMH, onpeAeJl.eHHbIMH, 6ecc'rpallIHbIMH B 6010,
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6eCnolJ!aAHblMH K BparaM HapoAa, MY,4pbIM
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161


nO.1l.HTHtIeCKHX BOrrpOCOB, I' Ae HymHa BceCTopOH-
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reHHaJ\.bHoro BomAH. CJl.OBa ero rJl.y60Ko 3anaAH
B C03HaHHe TPYA.HI}JHXC.H. Peqb CTaJl.HHa onpe-
AeAHJl.a npHHgHnbI ,lJ,e.HTeJ\.bHOCTH H36paHHHKOB
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12 AeKa6p.H COCTO.HAHCb BbI60pbI B BepxoBHbIM
COBeT CCCP. OHH npeBpaTHJl.IICb BO BceHapOA-
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113 94 MHJl.AHOHOB H36HpaTeAeM YtIaCTBOBaJl.O
B rOJ\.OCOBaHHH 91 MHJl.J1.HOH C AHIIIHHM (96,8 npo-
geHTa); 90 MHAJ\.HOHOB qeAOBeK CBOHM eAH-
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napTHH.
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CKoro HapoAa nOAyqHAO 3AeCb CBOe 6J1.eCT.HI}Jee
nOATBepmAeHHe. CTaJl.HH - nepBblM H36paHHHK
HapoAa, nepBbIH AenYTaT BepXOBHoro COBeTa
CCCP.
162
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B03pOCIIIa.H B rHraHTCKOH CTeneHH aKTHBHOCTb
Macc H orpOMHbIe 3aAa1JH AaAbHeMIIIero cogHa-
AHCTH1JeCKOrO CTpOHTeJ\.bCTBa nO-HOBOMY no-
CTaBHAH Bonpoc 06 HAeMHoM H nOAHTH1JeCKOM
gaKaAKe HaIIlHX KaApoB.
T OBap"I}J CTaAHH B p.HAe CBOHX BhIcTynAeHHM
co BceM oCTpoToM nOCTaBHA nepeA HaIIlHMH
KaApaMH 3aAaqy OBAaAeHH.H 60AbIIleBH3MoM.
TOBapHI}J CTaJl.HH YKa3bIBaA, 1JTO Y Hac eCTb
Bce cpeACTBa H B03MomHOCTH, He06xoAHMbIe
AAH Toro, qT06bI nOArOTOBHTb HaIIlH KaAphI
HAeOAOrH1JeCKH H 3aKaAHTb HX nOAHTH1JeCKH,
H qTO OT aToro 3aBHCHT Ha AeB.HTb AeC.HTbIX
peweHHe Bcex HaIIlHX npaKTH1JeCKHX 3aAaq.
B 1938 rOAY BbIIII.1\a B CBeT KHHra "l1cTO-
pH.H BKn(6). KpaTKHM KYpC", HanHcaHHaH
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cHeM !JK BKn(6).
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II1HM C06bITHeM B HAeMHoM .mH3HH 60AbllIeBHcT-
cKoM napTHH. napTH.H nOAYlIHJ\.a HOBoe MorY1Jee
HAeMHoe opymHe 60AbIIleBH3Ma, HaCTO.HI}JYIO aH-'
gHK.1\OneAHIO OCHOBHbIX 3HaHHM B o6AacTH Map-
KCH3Ma-J1.eHHHH3Ma. Co CTaJl.HHCKOH qeTKOCTblO
H rAy6HHoM B aTOM KHHre H3Ao.meH H 0606I}JeH
rliraHTCKHH HCTopHqecKHM onbIT KOMMYHHCTH-
qecKoM napTHH, paBHoro KOTOPOMY He HMeJ\.a
163

Ii He HMeeT HH oAHa napTH.H B MHpe. B "KpaT-
KOM Kypce HCTOpHH BKn(6)" nOKa3aHO AaAb-
HeMIIIee pa3BHTHe MapKcH3Ma B HOBbIX YCAOBHHX
KAaccoBoM 60pb6bI npO.1\e'!'apHaTa, MapKcH3Ma
anOXH HMnepHaAH3Ma H npoAeTapcKHx peBoAw-
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rOBopHA A. A. lKAaHoB Ha XVIII C'be3Ae nap-
THH, - IJ'fO 3a BpeM.H cYIgecTBOBaHH.H Map-
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. B "KpaTKOM Kypce HCTOpHH BKn(6)" , B pa3-
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TOM q>opMe reHHaJl.bHOe H3AomeHHe OCHOB AHa-
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yqeHHe AHaAeKTHqeCKOI'O H HCTOpHqeCKOro
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13 H. B. CTaAuH
165

B OTqeTHOM AOKAaAe CTaJl.HH ,lI;aA rAy60KHM
aHaJ\.H3 MemAYHapoAHoro nOAOmeHH.H COBeT-
CKoro COlO3a H pa306AaqHJ\. nJ\aHbI nO,ll;mHra-
TeJl.eH BOMHbl H HHTepBeHgHH npOTHB CCCP.
Co BpeMeHH XVII C'be3Aa napTHH npOIIlJl.O nHTb
J1.eT. AMI KanHTaJ\.HCTHqeCKHX cTpaH aTOT ne-
pHoA 6bIA nepHoAoM cepbe3HeMIIII-iX nOTp.HceHHM
KaK B 06AacTH SKOHOMHKH, TaK H B 06AacTH
nOAHTHKH. 3a aKOHOMHqeCKHM KpH3HCOM 1929
1932 rOAOB H AenpeCCHeM oc060ro pOAa nOCAe-
AOBaA co BTPpOH nOAOBHHbI 1937 rOAa HOBbIH
aKOHOMH'IeCKHH KpH3HC, 3axBaTHBIIIHH CWA,
AHr AHIO, C1JpaHgHw H p.HA ApyrHx KanHTa-
J1.HCTHqeCKHX CTpaH. 060CTpHAOCb AO KpaH-
HHX npeAeJl.OB MemAYHap0,ll;Hoe nOAomeHHe,
nOTepneAa KpYIIIeHHe nOCAeBoeHHaH CHCTeMa
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MHpOBaH BOMHa.
HOBYlo BOMHY pa.3BH3aAH ABa I' .1\aBHNx arpec-
CHBHblX HMnepHaJl.HCTHqeCKHX rocy AapCTBa --
fepMaHHH H 5InoHHH. ha BOHHa, YKa3bIBa.1\
TOBapHI}J CTaAHH, BT.HHY Aa B CBOIO Op6HTY CBbHrre
n.HTHCOT MHAJl.HOHOB HaCeAeHH.H, pacnpOCTpaHHB
cq>epy CBoero AeMCTBH.H Ha rpoMaAHYIO TeppH-
TOpHIO, OT T .HHbg3HHa, WaHXa.H H KaHTOHa qepe3
A6HCCHHHIO AO fH6paATapa. BOMHa BCe 60Jl.ee H
60Aee YI}JeMAJIAa HHTepeCbI HearpeCCHBHbIX rocy-
166

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,lI.apCTB, npemAe Bcero AHr J1.HH, <PpaHgHM, CiliA.
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3bIBaAH ,lI.OA2Imoro conpOTHBAeHU.H arpeccopaM.
OHM OTKa3aAHb OT nOAHTHKH KOAJl.eKTHBHoM
6e30naCHOCTH H nepellIAH Ha n03HgHIO "HeM-
TpaAHTeTa", Ha n03HgHIO HeBMellIaTeAbCTBa.
nOAHTHKa HeBMellIaTeAbCTBa 03HaqaAa no ny-
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rAarnem-m" -npaBHTeAH AHrAHH H GJpaHgHH-
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xmraTe.1\eM BOHHbI npoTHB CCCP, 3aHBAHBllmx,
6y ATO MIOHxeHCKHe YCTynKH arpeccopaM H MIOH-
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167

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BCIO CAOLKHOCTb H OnaCHOCTb CJ..OLKHBIIIerOC.H B
TO BpeM.H Mem.ll;YHapO.ll;Horo II?J1.0meHHH H onpe-
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,,3a.ll;aqH napTHH B 06J1.aCTII BHeIIlHeM no-
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1. npOBO.ll;HTb H BnpeAb nOAHTHKY MHpa
H YKpeIIJl.eHHH .lI;eJ\OBbIX CBH3CH co BceMH
CTpaHaMH;
2. C06AIO.lI;aTb OCTOpOLKHOCTb H He A;aBaTb
BTHHYTb B KOHq>J1.HKTbI Hawy CTpaHY npOBOKa-
TopaM BOHHbI, npHBbIKIIIHM 3arpe6aTb LKap qy_
mHMH PYKaMH;
3. BceMepHo YKpeIIJ\HTb 60eBYro MOI}Jb Ha-
meM KpacHoH ApMHH H BoeHHo-MopcKoro
KpacHoro <PAoTa;
4. KpenHTb MeLKAYHapO.ll;HbIe CBH3H Apym-
6bI C TPY A.HIJJHMHC.H Bcex CTpaH, 3aHHTe-
peCOBaHHbIMH B MHpe H APym6e MeLKAY
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nQ.lI;'beM MaTepHaJl.bHOro H KY AbTypHoro ypOBH.H
HapO.ll;a, AaAbHeMwee ynpOqeHHe COBeTCKoro
CTpOH, TOBapHIJJ CTaAHH B:bIABHHY A nepeA nap-
1 H. Cma.llun. BOnpOCb! JlCHHHH3Ma, H.9A. ll-c, CTp. 574-575.
168

THeM H BceM cOBeTcKHM HapOAOM HOBYW BeAH-
KYIO HCTOpMqeCKYIO 3aAaqy: B TeqeHHe 6AHmaM-
lliHX 10--15 J1.eT AorHaTb H neperHaTb r.1\aBHWe
KanHTaJl.HCTHqeCKHe CTpaHbI B aKOHOMHqeCKOM
OTHOllIeHHH, T. e. B CMblCAe npoH3BoAcTBa npo-
AYKgHH Ha AYIlIY HaceAeHHH.
"MbI neperHaAH,-roBopHA TOBapm}J CTaAHH,--
,rJl.aBHbIe KanHTaAHCTHqeCKHe CTpaHbI B CMbICAe
TeXHHKH npoH3BoAcTBa H TeMnOB pa3BHTH
npoMbIIlIAeHHocTH. aTO OqeHb XOpOlliO. Ho aToro
MaJl.O. HymHo neperHaTb HX TaKme B a KOHO-
_ MHqeCKOM OTHOllIeHHH. MbI aTO MomeM CAeAaTb,
H MbI aTO AOAmHbI cAeAaTb. TOAbKO B TOM CAY-
qae, eCAH neperOHHM aKOHOMHqeCKH rAaBHbIe
KanHTaAHCTHqeCKHe CTpaHbI, MbI MomeM pac-
CLJ:HTbIBaTb, qTO HallIa CTpaHa 6y AeT nOA-
HOCTblO HaCbII}JeHa npeAMeTaMH. nOTpe6Ae-
HHH, Y Hac 6y AeT H306HAHe npOAYKTOB, H
MbI nOAyqHM B03MomHOCTb CAeAaTb nepexOA
OT nepBoM q>a3bI KOMMYHH3Ma KO BTOpOM: ero
. «pa3e" 1.
B KaqeCTBe oAHOM H3 geHTpaAbHbIx 3aAaq
napTHH TOBapmg CTaAHH B CBOeM AOKAaAe Ha-
MeTHJI. geAYIO HayqHO 060cHoBaHHYIO 60AbllIe-
_ BHCTCKYIO nporpaMMY pa60TbI no BbIpaI}JHBaHHIO,
1 H. CmU.lt.UH. BonpOCbI J\eHHHH3Ma, H3A. ll-e, CTp. 578-579.
169

BocnHTaHHW, nOA6opy, BbIABHmeHHW H npo
BepKe KaApOB.
06pHCOBbIBaJi nYTb, npoHAeHHbIM
3a nepHOA OT XVII AO XVIII C'be3Aa,
CTa.l\HH rOBopHA:
"r .1\aBHbIM HTor COCTOHT B TOM, qTO pa60qHH
K.I\aCC HaIIleM CTpaHbI, YHHqTOmHB aKCIIAyaTa-
gHIO qeAOBeKa qeAOBeKOM H YTBepAHB cogHa-
J1.HCTHqeCKHM CTpOH:, AOKa3a.l\ BceMY MHPY
npaBOTY CBoero p;e.ha. B STOM rAaBHbIM HTor,
TaR KaK OH YKpenAHeT Bepy B CHAbI pa60qero
K.I\.aCCa H B HeH36emHOCTb ero OKOHqaTeJl.bHOM
n06eAbl" 1.
,AoKAaA CTaJl.HHa Ha XVIII C'be3Ae BKn(6)
.HBHAC.H nporpaMMHbIM AOKYMeHTOM KOMMYHH3Ma,
AaAbHeMIIIHM II1arOM BnepeA B pa3BHTHH Map-
. KCHcTcKo-AeHHHcKoM TeopHH. CTaJl.HH pa3BHJI.
AaAbIIle AeHHHcKYW TeopHIO cOgHa.1\HCTHqeCKOH
peBOJ\.lOgHH. OH KOHKpeTH3HpoBaA TeopHIO 0
B03MomHOCTH nOCTpOeHH.H cogHa.l\H3Ma B OA-
HOM CTpaHe H npHIIIeJl. K BbIBOAY 0 B03Mom-
H.ocmu nocmpoeHUH 1<OMMgHu3Ma B Hameu
cmpaHe U B mOM C.lI.glLae, ec.lI.U coxpaH.UmCH
l<anuma.ll.UCmUlLecKoe oKpgmeHue. BTOT BbIBOA
TOBapHI}Ja CTaJl.HHa 060raIyaeT AeHHHH3M, BO-
napTHeM
TOBapHI]J
1 Ji. Cma.ll.UH. BOnpOCh! J\CHIfHH.8Ma, H3A. ll-e, CTp. 610.
170

opY2KaeT pa60HH K.II.aCC HOBbIM HAeHHbIM opy-
lKHeM, AaeT napTHH BeAHKYW nepcneKTHBY
60pb6bI 3a n06eAY KOMMYHH3Ma, ABHraeT BrrepeA
MapKCHCTCKO-AeHHHCKYIO TeopHIO.
AeHMH HanHcaA CBOIO H3BeCTHYlO pa60TY "fo-
cYAapCTBO H peBoAlOgH.H" B aBrYCTe 1917 rOAa,
T. e. 3a HeCKOAbKO MeC.HgeB 11.0 OKTH6pbCKOH
peBoAlOgHH H C03,lJ,aHH.H COBeTcKoro rQcYAap-
CTBa. AeHHH 3aI}JHTHA B aToM KHHre yqeHHe
MapKca H 3HreAbca 0 rocYAapcTBe OT HCKa-
meHHH H OnOIIl.1\eHHH co CTOpOHbl onnopTY-
HHCTOB. J\eHHH co6MpaAC.H HanMcaTb BTOPYIO
qaCTb "focy AapCTBa H peBoAIO!!,MH", I' JJ,e OH pac-
CqHTbIBaA nOABeCTH rAaBHbIe HTorH onblTa PYC-
CKHX peBoAlOgHH 1905 H 1917 rOAOB. O,lJ,HaKO
CMep'fb nOMeIIlaAa eMY BbInOJl.HHTb 8TY 3aAaqy.
Ho TO, qero B Bonpocax TeopHH r0CY AapCTBa
He ycneA CAe.i\.aTb AeHHH, CAeAa.1\ CTaA:!--IH!
TOBapHIg CTaAHH, onHpaHCb Ha rHraHTcKHM
onbIT 60Aee qeM ABaAgaTHAeTHero CYIgeCTBOBa-
HH.H COBeTCKoro cogHaJ\.HCTHqeCKOrO rOCYAap-
CTBa B YCAOBHHX KanHTaAHCTHqeCKOrO oKpyme-
HH.H, c03AaA UeAbHoe u saKoHlleHHoe YlleHue 0
cOUuaAucmUllecKOM lOCY.4 a pCmBe. CTaAHH AaA
pa3BepHYTbIM aHaAH3 a'ranOB pa3BHTH.H cogHaJ\H-
CTMqeCKOrO rOCYAapCTBa, H3MeHeHHH ero q>YHK-
!JHH, B CB.H3H C M3MeHeHHeM 06CTaHOBKH,
171

0606IJ!HA BeCb OnbIT CTpOHTeAbCTBa COBeTCKO-
ro roCYAapCTBa, npHIIIe.ll. K BbIBOAY 0 He06-
XOAHMOCTH coxpaHeHHH rOCYAapCTBa npH
KOMMYHH3Me B C.1\yqae, eCAH 6YAeT npOAOA-
maTb CYIJ!eCTBOBaTb KanHTaAHCTHqeCKOe OKPY-
meHHe.
CTaAHH pe3KO nOAqepKHY A BeAHqaHllIYIO Bam-
HOCTb H 3HaqeHHe AeAa napTHHHOH nponaraHAW
H MapKCHCTCKO-AeHHHCKoro BocnHTaHHH pa-
60THHKOB napTHHHoro annapaTa, pa60THHKOB
KOMCOMOAbCKHX, npoq>COI03HbIX, ToprOBO-Koone-
paTHBHbIX, X03.HHCTBeHHbIX, COBeTCKHX, npOCBe-
IJ!eHCKH:X, BoeHHbIX H APyrHx opraHH3agHH. OH
rOBOpH.1\:
"ECAH HaqUHaeT XHpeTb AeAO MapKCHc'rCKO-
.1\eHHHCKoro BocnHTaHH.H HallIHX KaApOB, eCJ\.H
OC.1\a6eBaeT HaIIla pa60Ta no nOBbIIlleHHIO nOAHTH-
qeCKOrO H TeOpeTHqeCKOrO ypOBHH aTHX KaA-
pOB, a caMH KaApbI nepeCTalOT B CBR3H C aTHM
HHTepeCOBaTbC.H nepcneKTHBOH HaIllero ABHme-
HIUI BnepeA, nepeCTalOT nOHHMaTb npaBOTY
HaIllero Ae.ll.a H npeBpaIJ!aWTC.H B 6ecnepcneK-
TliBHbIX Ae.1\Hr, cJl.eno Ii MexaHWleCKH BbIllOJl.H.HIO-
I}JHX YKa3aHHH cBepxy, - TO AOJ\.mHa 06.H3a-
TeAbHO 3aXlipeTb BCR Hawa rocy AapCTBeHHa.H
H napTHMHaR pa60Ta. HymHo npH3HaTb, KaK
aKCHOMY, qTO qeM BbIIIIe nOAHTHqeCKHM ypOBeHb
172

"
H MapKCHCTCKD-J1.eHHHCKaH C03HaTeAbHOCTb pa-
60THHKOB Aw60M OTpaCAH rocy AapCTBeHHOH
H napTHMHoH pa60TbI, TeM BbIwe H nJ\.OAOTBOp-
Hee caMa pa60Ta, TeM adJq>eKTHBHee pe3YJl.bTaTbI
t u
pa60TbI, H Ha060pOT, - qeM HHme nOJl.HTHqeCKHH
ypOBeHb H MapKCHCTCKO-AeHHHCKa.H C03HaTeAb-
HOCTb pa60THHKOB, TeM BepOHTHee CpbIBbI H
npOBa.1\bl B pa60Te, TeM BepOHTHee H3MeJl.bqa-
HHe H BbIp02KAeHHe caMHX pa60THHKOB B Ae-
.l\Hr-KpOx060pOB, TeM BepO.HTHee HX nepepomAe-
HHe. MomHo C YBepeHHOCTblO CKa3aTb, qTO,
eCAH 6bI MbI CYMeAH nOArOTOBHTb HAeoJ\.orH-
qeCKH HaIIlH KaApbI Bcex OTpaCJl.eH pa60TbI H
3aKaAHTb HX nOJ\.HTHqeCKH B TaKOH Mepe,qT06w
OHH MorAH CB060AHO opHeHTHpOBaTbC.H BO BHYT-
peHHeM H Mem.AYHapoAHOH 06CTaHOBKe, eCAH
6bI MbI CYMeAH CAeAa'fb HX BnOAHe 3peAbIMH
MapKCHCTaMH-J1.eHHHgaMH, cnoc06HbIMH peIIlaTb
6e3 Cepbe3HbIX OIIlH60K BonpOCbI PYKOBOACTBa
CTpaHOM, - TO MbI HMe.1\H 6bI Bce OCHOBaHHH
CqMTaTb AeBHTb AeC.HTbIX Bcex HallIHX BonpOCOB
yme pa3pellIeHHbIMH. A peIIlHTb aTY 3aAaqy MbI
6e3ycAoBHO Mom.eM, H60 y Hac eCTb Bce cpeA-
CTBa H B03M02KHOCTH, He06xOAHMbIe AAH Toro,
qT06bI pa3pellIHTb ee" 1.
1 H. Cma.ll.UH. BonpOChI JlCHHHH3Ma, H3A. 11-10', CTp. 598.
173

CTaAHH rOI:opHA AaJlee: "ECTb OAHa OTpaC.1\b
HaYKH, 3HaHHe KOTopoM AOJl.1KHO 6bITb 06.H3a-
TeAbHbIM AJHI, 60AbIIleBHKOB Bcex OTpaC.1\eH
HaYKH,--aTO MapKCHCTCKO-J1.eHHHCKa.H HaYKa 06
06IgeCTBe, 0 3aKOHax pa3BHTH.H 06IgeCTBa, 0
3aKOHax pa3BHTHH npoAeTapCKOH: peBoAlOgHH,
o 3aKOHax pa3BHTH.H cogHaAHCTHqeCKOrO CTPOH-
TeAbCTBa, 0 no6eAe KOMMYHH3Ma. 1160 HeAb3.H
CqHTaTb AeMcTBHTeAbHbIM J1.eHHHgeM qeJl.OBeKa,
HMeHywIgero ce6.H J1.eHHHgeM, HO 3aMKHYBIIIerOC.H
B CBOIO cnegHaAbHocTb, 3aMKHYBllierocH, CKa-
meM, B MaTeMaTHKY, 60TaHMKY HAH XHMHIO H
He BH.4.HIgero HHtJero AaAbIIle cBoeM crregMaAb-
HOCTM. AeHHHeg He MomeT 6bITb TOAbI{O cnegHa-
J\HCTOM 06AI06oB8HHOM HM OTpaCAH HaYKH,--
OH AOA1KeH 6bITb BMeCTe C TeM nOAHTH-
KOM-06I}JeCTBeHHHKOM, 1KHBO HHTepeCYWI}JHMCH
cy Ab60M cBoeii CTpaHbI, 3HaKOMbIM C 3aKOHaMH
06I}JeCTBeHHoro pa3BHTH.H, YMelOIgUM nO.l\b30-
BaTbCH STHMH 3aKOHaMH H CTpeM.HIgHMC.H 6bITb
aKTHBHMM yqaCTHHKOM nOAHTHtJeCKoro PYKOBO,lJ,-
CTBa CTpaHOM. aTO 6YAeT, KOHeqHO, ,lJ,OnO.1\HH-
Te.i\bHOM HaC'PY3IWM: AAH 60AbIIleBHIWB crregHa-
AHCTOB. Ho aTO 6YAeT. TaKa.H HarpY3Ka, KOTOpa.H
oKynHTcH nOTOM C AHXBOM.
3aAaqa napTHihlOH nporraraHAbI, 3aAaqa
MapKCHCTCKO-.1\eHHHCKoro BOCI1HTaHH.H KaApoB
174

COCTOHT B TOM, qT06bI nOMOqb HamHM Ka,<\paM
Bcex OTpaC.1\eM pa60TbI OBJl.aAeTb MapKCHCTCKo-
J\eHHHCKOM HaYKOH 0 3aKOHax pa3BHTH.H 06-
IgeCTBa" 1.
AOKAaA TOBapHIga CTaJ\HHa Ha XVIII C'be3Ae
BKn(6)-aTO nporpaMMa 3aBepllIeHH.H nOCTpoe-
HH.H 6eCKJ\.aCCOBoro cogHaAHCTHqeCKOrO 06Ige-
CTBa H nOCTeneHHoro nepexo,<\a OT cogHaJl.H3Ma
K KOMMYHH3MY. C'be3A 60.1\bIIleBMKOB eAHHO-
AYlliHO OA06pHA OTtIeTHbIM AOK.1\aA CBoero BomAH
H YTBepAflA STOT AOKAaA KaK AHpeKTHBY, KaK
3aKOH BceM AeHTeJl.bHOCTH napTHH.
40K.1\a,<\ TOBapHIga CTaAHHa Ha XVIII C'be3Ae
BKn(6) .HBAHeTCH 6J1.eCT.HIgHM npHMepOM Map-
I'CMCTCKO-AeHHHCKoro HayqHOrO npeABHAeHHH
B 06AaCTH MemAYHapOAHbIX OTHOllIeHHM. CTa-
J\HHCKHe MY ApbIe YKa3aHH.H 0 3aAaqax HaIIleM
EHellIHeH nOJ\HTHKH, CTaJl.MHCKOe HCKYCCTBO PY-
KOBOACTBa 06eCneqHAM KP Y IIHeM III He n06eAbI
BHelliHeM nOJl.HTHKH COBeTCKoro COI03a, el!!,e
BbIllie nOAHHAH 3HaqeHHe COBeTcKoro COlO3a
KaK cepbe3HOM MemAYHapoAHoM CHAbI, MorYIgeM
B03AeMCTBOBaTb Ha Me2RAYHapOAHYIO 06CTaHOBKY
H H3MeHJITb ee B HHTepecax TPY AHI}JHXC.H. Py-
KOBOACTBYRCb YKa3aHHHMH TOBapHIga CTaAHHa,
1 11. Cma.ll.UH. Bonpochl Jl.CHHHH9Ma, H9,1t. ll-e, CTp. S98-59J.
175

npaBHTeJl.bCTBO COBeTCKoro COlO3a paCCTpOHAO
KOBapHbIe n.1\aHbI rrOA3mraTeJl.eH BOHHbI, AI06.HI}JHX
3arpe6aTb LKap qymHMH PYKaMH, 06eCneqHJl.0
MHpHbIM TPYA HapOAOB CCCP. 3aKAIOqHB
AOI'OBOpbI 0 B3aHMonOMOI}JH C rrpH6aATHM-
CKHMH 'rOCYAapCTBaMH, COBeTCKHH Cm03 HeH3-
MepHMO YKperrHA n03HgHH 060POHW CTpaHM
cogHaAH3Ma, YKpenHA CBOe MemAYHapOAHoe
nOJl.OmeHHe.
COBeTCKoe npaBHTe.1\bCTBO CTpeMHAOCb npe-
AOTBpaTHTb AaAbHeHlllee pa3BH3bIBaHHe BOMHbI
H 60pOAOCb 3a OCYI}JeCTBAeHHe nOAHTHKH KOJl.-
AeKTHBHOH 6e30rraCHOCTH. ()AHaKO aTa nOJ\.HTHKa
He HallIAa nOAAepmKH co CTOpOHbI npaBRI!!HX
KpyroB AHr AHH H ctJpaHgHH. MWHXeHCKa.H
rrOAHTHKa HeBMeIIlaTe.1\bCTBa AOpOI'O 060IIlAaCb
HapOAaM HearpeCCHBHbIX CTpaH. Y LKe B Ma pTe
1939 rOAa rHTAepOBCKaH fepMaHHH npH nony-
CTHTeJl.bCTBe aHr.1\O-q>paHgY.3CKOH AHn.1\OMaTHH
3aXBaTHAa 4eXOC.1\OBaKHIO. BCKope HaqaJl.OCb Ha-
cTynAeHHe repMaHCKHX arpeccopoB Ha CTpaHW
BOCToqHOH EBponbI. AKTHBH3HpoBaAacb H HM-
nepHaAHCTHqeCKaH 5InoHH.H - COlO3HHga f epMa-
HHH Ha 4a.1\bHeM BocToKe. B Mae 1939 rOAa OHa
rrpeAnpHHR.II.a HeCKOAbKO npoBoKagHoHHbIX BbI-
J1.a30K Ha rpaHHge MOHrOJl.bCKOH HapOAHOM
Pecny6.11.HKH, HO B paM-OHe XaAXHH-foAa .HnOHO-
176

MaHqmypCKHe BOMcKa 6bIAH pa36HTbi qaCTHMH
KpacHoM ApMHH. .
AHrAo-q>paHgY3CKa.H AHnAOMaTHH BeJ\.a B aTO
BpeM.H HeqeCTHYIO nOAHTHKY no OTHOllIeHHIO K
CCCP, BCHqeCKH 3aTHrHBa"Aa neperOBopbI C
COBeTCKHM COlO30M 06 opraHH3agHH KOAAeK-
THBHoro oTnopa B03MomHOMY arpeccopy. "peA-
.l\.ara.H COBeTcKoMY COlO3Y HBHO HenpneMJ\.eMbIe
YCJl.OBHH AA.H 3aKAIOqeHHH corAaIIleHHH.
BHA.H HemeAaHHe npaBHTeAbcTB AHrAHH H
<PpaHgHH COTPy AHHqa Tb C COBeTcKHM COlO30M
B 60pb6e 3a MHp, npaBHTeAbcTBo CCCP AOAmHO
6bIJl.0 n03a60THTbCH 06 06eCneqeHHH 6e30nac-
HOCTH HallIeH cTpaHbI.
B aBrycTe 1939 rOAa npaBHTeAbcTBo CCCP
3aKAIOqnAO C r epMaHHeM AorOBOp 0 HeHamlAe-
HHH. :hOT AorOBOp, KaK YKa3bIBaA BnOCAeACTBHH
TOBapHI}J CTaAHH, HH np.HMO, HH KOCBeHHO
He 3aAeBaJl. TeppHTopHaAbHOH ge.1\OCTHOCTH, He3a-
BHCHMOCTH H qeCTH HaIIlero rOCYAapCTBa. Ho
OH 06eCneqHBaA COBeTcKoM CTpaHe MHp B
6J1.HmaHllIee BPeM.H H AaBaA B03MomHOCTb nOAro-
TOBKH CHA AA.H OTnopa Ha cAyqaM, eCAH Ha ctcp
6y AeT COBepIIleHO HanaAeHHe.
CAeAY.H YKa3aHHHM TOBapHI}Ja CTaAHHa
o Heo6xOAHMOCTH Aepma Tb CTpaHY B COCTO.H-
HHH M06HJl.H3agHoHHoH rOTOBHOCTH Ha cAyqaH
177

BoopymeHHorO HanaAeHHH H3BHe, 60AbIlleBHCT-
c.KaH napTH.H B TeqeHHe t!;J1.MTeAbHoro nepHoAa
BpeMeHH nOCJl.eAOBaTeAbHO H HeYKAOHHO npOBO-
AHAa BceCTopOHHlO1O nOArOTOBKY COBeTCKoro
COI03a K aKTIiBHOH 060poHe. B pe3YJl.bTaTe OCY-
l!!eCTB.1\eHH.H B rOt!;bI CTaAIfHCKHX nHTHAeTOK
cOBeTcKoM nOJ\.HTHKH HHAYCTpHaAH3agHH CTpa-
HbI H KOJl.AeKTHBH3agHH ceAbCKoro xmmMcTBa
6bI.1\a C03AaHa MOI}JHa.H 3Ko"HOMHqeCKaH 6a3a, KOTO-
paH MOr.1\a 6bITb HCIIO.1\b30BaHa AA.H aKTHBHoM
060POHbI HallIero rOCYt!;apCTBa.
STa nOAHTHKa napTMH AaJl.a B03MOiRHOCTb npo-
H3BOt!;HTb B CTpaHe AOCTaTOqHOe KOAHqeCTBO
MeTa.1\.1\a A.1\.H BNnYCKa BoopymeHHH, CHapHmeHHH
H 060pYAOBaHH.H AA.H npeAnpHHTHM, TonAHBa AAH
nOAAepmaHHH pa60TbI npeAnpH.HTHM H TpaHC-
nopTa, XAonKa AA.H npOH3BOAcTBa 06MYHAHPO-
BaHH.H, x.1\e6a AA.H cHa6meHHH apMHH.
B pe3Y AbTaTe nOAMTHKH HHAYCTpHaAH3agHH
c.TpaHbI H KOJl.AeKTHBH3agHH ceAbCKoro X03HH:-
CTBa B COBeTCKOM COlO3e B TeqeHHe 1940 rOAa
6bIAO npOH3BeAeHO: 15 MHJl.AHOHOB TOHH qyrYHa,
T. e. nOqTH B 4 pa3a 6oAbIIle, qeM B gapCKOH:
PaccHH B 1913 rOAY; 18 MHJl.J1.HOHOB 300 TbIC.Hq
TOHH CTaAH, T. e. B 4 C IIOAOBHHOM pa3a 60Jl.bIIle,
qeM B 1913 rOAY; 166 MHJl.J1.HOHOB TOHH yrA.H, T. e.
B 5 C nOJl.OBHHOH pa3 60J\.bllIe, qeM B 1913 rOAY;
178

- 
31 MHAAHOH TOHH Heq>TH, T. e. B 3 C nOAO-
EliROH pa3a 60AbIIle, qeM B 1913 rOAY; 38 MHA-
AHOHOB 300 TNC.Hq TOHH TOBapHoro 3epHa, T.e.
Ha 17 MHAAMOHOB TOHH 60AbIIle, qeM B 1913 ro,ll,Y;
2 MHA.1\MOHa 700 TbIC.Hq TOHH XAonKa-cbIpga,
T. e. B 3 C nOAoBHHoM pa3a 60AbIIle, qeM B
.
1913 rOAY.
. "TaKoM He6bIBa.1\bIM pOCT npOH3BOACTBa,-
rOBopHA TOBapHI}J CTa.1\HH, -HeAb3.H CqHTaTb
npOCTbIM H 06bIqHbIM pa3BHTHeM CTpaHbI OT
OTCTaAOCTH K nporpeccy. BTO 6bI.1\ CKaqOK, npH
nOMoIgH KOToporo HallIa POAHHa npeBpaTHAacb
H3 OTCTaJl.OM: cTpaHbI B nepeAoBYIO, H3 arpap-
HOM - B HHAYCTpHaAbHYIO" 1.
OceHblO 1939 rOAa no HHH!p-:laTHBe TO-
BapHI}Ja CTaAHHa 6bIAH oCB060mAeHbI OT Hra
nO.1\bCKHX nOMel!!,HKOB HallIM eAMHOKpOBHbIe
6paTb.H - HapoAbI 3anaAHOM: YKpaHHbI H 3arraA-
HOM: 6eAopYCCHH. 8TH HapoAbI BAHAHCb B eAH-
nylO 6paTCKYlO ceMbW cB060AHbIX Hapo,n,oB
CCCP. n03AHee B COCTaB CCCP 6bIAH B03BPa-
l}JeHbI COBeTCKHe npH6aATHMcKHe pecny6AHKH-
AHTBa, AaTBHH H 8CTOHHH.
1 11. Cma.llun. Pe'lb Ha npcABhI6opHOM co6paHIIII H3611paTe.1\di
CTaJ\HHCKoro 1136HpaTeJ\hHoro oKpyra r. MOCKBhI 9 cpeBpaJ\JI 1946 r.,
CTp. 15.
179

20 AKa6p.H 1939 1'0Aa Y Ka30M npe3HAHYMa
,BepxoBHoro COBeTa CCCP 11. B. CTa.1\HHY
B CBH3H C ero 60-.1\eTHeM npHCBoeHO 3BaHHe
r epOH CogHaJl.HCTHqeCKoro Tpy Aa 3a HCK.1\lOQH-
Te.1\bHbIe 3acAyrH B AeJl.e opraHH3agHH 60Jl.bIIleBH-
CTCKOM napTHH, c03AaHH.H COBeTcKoro rocy Aap-
.
CTBa, IIOCTpOeHH.H CO!!HaAHCTHqeCKoro o61!!ecTBa
B CCCP H YKpelIAeHHH Apym6bI Me*AY Hapo-
AaMH COBeTcKoro COlO3a.
22 AeKa6pH 1939 rOAa TOBapHI,g CTa.1\HH H3-
6paH nOqeTHbIM qJl.eHoM AKaAeMHH HaYK CCCP.
15-20 q>eBpaAH 1941 rOAa COCTO.HAaCb
XVIII BcecolO3HaH KOHq>epeH!!HH BKrI(6). KOH-
q>epeHgHH paCC:MOTpe.1\a BonpOCbI 0 3aAaqax
IIapTHMHbIX 0pH3agHM B 06J1.aCTH IIpOMbIIII-
AeHHOCTH H TpaHcnopTa, 0 X03HMcTBeHHbIx HTO-
I'ax 1940 roAa H IIJl.aHe pa3BHTH.H HapOAHoro
x03HMcTBa CCCP Ha 1941 rOA, a TaKme opra-
HH3agHoHHbIe BonpocbI.
C.1\eYH YKa3aHHHM TOBapHl!!a CTaJl.HHa, KOH.
cpepeH!!H.H npOllua nOA 3HaKOM AaAbHeMIIIero
YKpen.1\eHH.H 060pOHHOM MOl,!!H COBeTCKoM
CTpaHbI.
rIo HHHgHaTHBe TOBapHl!!a CTaJl.HHa !JKBKn(6)
H COBeTCKoe npaBHTeJl.bCTBO; HCXOA.H H3 peIIle-
HHM XVIII C'be3Aa BKrI(6), 1I0pyqHAH fOCn.1\aHY
CCCP npHcTynHTb K COCTaBJl.eHHlO reHepaJl.bHOrO
180

X03.HHCTBeHHoro nJl.aHa CCCP Ha 15 J1.eT. STOT
nAaH 6bIA paCCqHTaH Ha peIIleHHe 3aAaqH
neperHaTb rAaBHbIe KanHTaJ\HCTHtIeCKHe CTpaHbI
B SKOHOMHqeCKOM OTHOIlleHHH, T. e. B rrpOH3BOA-
CTBe Ha AYIIIy HaCeAeHH.H qyrYHa, CTaJ\.H, Ton-
J1.HBa, aJ\.eKTpoaHeprHH, MaIIlHH H ApyrHx cpeACTB
npOH3BOACTBa H npeAMeTOB nOTpe6AeHH.H.
6 Ma.H 1941 rOAa 11. B. CTaJl.HH YS30M npe-
3HAHYMa BepxoBHoro COBeTa CCCP Ha3HaqeH
rrpeAceAaTeAeM COBeTa HapoAHNx KOMHccapoB
CCCP.
. BeAoMbIH BeJl.HKHM CTa.1\HHbIM cOBeTcKHM Ha-
pOA. IlleA K HOBbIM no6eAaM, BnepeA, K KOMMY-
HH3MY. Ho B HIOHe 1941 rOAa MHpHbIM TBOp-
qecKHM Tpy A COBeTCKoro HapoAa 6bIA HapYilleH
BOMHoM, B03HHKllIeH BCAeAcTBHe HanaAeHH.H
r epMaHHH Ha CCCP.
*
14 H. B. CruRB


( X][ )

 I1IOHH 19411'OaruTAepoBcKa" HM-
  nepHaJl.HCTHqeCKaH r epMaHHH rpy60
: . HapYIIlHJl.a naKT 0 HeHanaAeHHH H CO-
BepIIlHAa HeomHAaHHoe, BepOJl.OMHOe HanaAeHHe
Ha COBeTCKHH COI03. BOMHa HBHAaCb nOBopOT-
HbIM rrYHKTOM B pa3BHTHH COBeTcKoM CTpaHbI.
nepHOA MHpHoro CTpOPITeJl.bCTBa KOHqHAC.H. Ha-
qaJl.C.H nepHOA oCB060AHTeJl.bHOH OTeqeCTBeHHoM
BOHHbI COBeTCKoro HapoAa npOTHB HeMegKHx
3aXBaTqHKOB.
B !!eA.HX 6bICTpOH M06HAH3agHM Bcex CHA Hapo-
AOB CCCP AA.H OTnopa Bpary npe3HAHYM Bep-
XOBHoro COBeTa CCCP, UeHTpaAbHbIH KOMHTeT
BKn(6) H COBeT HapOAHbX KOMHccapOB CCCP
30 HWH.H 1941 rOAa npHHJ:(AH peIIleHHe 0 C03Aa-
HHH r ocy AapcTBefHoro KoMHTeTa 060pOHbI,
182

=-
B PYKax KOToporo cocpeAOTOIJ:HBaAaCb BCH nOA.
HOTa BAaCTH B rOCYAapCTBe. npeACeAaTeJl.eM
focYAapCTBeHHoro KOMHTeTa 060pOHbI6bIA Ha.
3Ha':leH Hocu<p BHccapHOHOBHq CTaAHH.
Bom.Ab H yqHTeJl.b TPY A.HIJJHxC.H - TOBapHIg
CTaAHH BCTaJl. BO I' AaBe BOopymeHHbIX CHJI.
CCCP, B03rJl.aBHA 60pb6y COBeTCKoro HapOAa
npOTHB 3AeMIIIero H KOBapHoro Bpara - rep-
MaHCKoro q>aIlIH3Ma.
fHTJl.epOBCKa.H fepMaHH.H HalJ:aJl.a CBOIO rpa-
6HTeAbCKYW, 3aXBaTHHqeCKYlO BOHHY npOTHB
CCCP B BbIroAHbIX AA.H Hee YCJl.OBH.HX. fHTJl.e-
pOBCKa.H apMH.H 6bIAa yme nOAHOCTblO OTM06H-
J1.H30BaHa H HMeAa onbIT BeAeHH.H BOMHbI B
3anaAHoM EBpone. 170 AHBH3HH HeMgeB, BD-
opymeHHbIX TbIC.HqaMH TaHKOB H CaMOAeTOB,
6bIAH npHABHHYT,?I K rpaHHgaM CCCP H BHe-
3anHO 6pomeHbI npOTHB CTpaHbI COBeToB. Be-
OpymeHHbIe CHAbI MHpOAw6HBoro COBeTcKoro
Cow3a Ha nepBbIX nopax BOMHbI OKa3aAHCb B
HeBbiroAHoM nOAomeHHH. nOA HanopoM qHC-
AeHHO npeBOCXOA.HIgHX CHA H TeXHHKH Bpara,
HcnoAb30BaBmero npeHMYI}JecTBa BHe3anHOCTH
HanaAeHH.H, COBeTCKa.H ApMH.H 6bIJl.a BbIHym.AeHa
oTcTynaTb C 60.HMH B rAy6b cTpaHN.
fHTJl.epOBCKHM BOMcKaM YAaJl.ocb B TeqeHHe
nepBbIx 10 AHeM BOHHbI 3aXBaTHTb, ARTBY,
14.
183

..
.3HaqHTeJtbHYIO qaCTb AaTBHIf, 3anaAHYlO qaCTb
EeJl.°PYCCHH, qaCTb 3arraAHoH YKpaHHbI. Ha,lt
COBeTCKHM COW30M HaBHCAa Cepbe3Ha.H onac-
HOCTb.
3 HIOA.H 1941 rOAa TOBaplfl}J CTaJl.lfH BbI-
cTyrrHJI. no pa,ltHO C 06paI}JeHHeM K cOBeTcKoMY
HapoAY, K 60MgaM KpacHoH ApMHH H BoeHHo-
MopcKoro <PJl.OTa. B aTOM HCTOpHqeCKOM BbI-
cTynJl.eHHH TOBapHI,g CTaJl.HH ,lta.i\ rAy6DKHH
aHaJl.H3 npOHCXOA.HI}JHX C06bITHH II orrpe,lteJl.HJI.
3aAaqH apMHH H HapoAa B .3aI}JHTe COIyfaAH-
CTHqeCKOro OTeqeCTBa.
TOBapHI}J CTaJl.HH paCCKa3aJl. CypOBYW rrpaBAY
o CJl.OmHBIIIeMC.H BoeHHOH 06CTaHOBKe, rrpH3BaA
COBeTCKHX J1.WAeH nOHHTb BCIO rJl.y6HHY onac-
HOCTH, yrpomaBmeM POAHHe, If OTpeIIlHTbC.H OT
HacTpoeHHM MHpHoro CTpOHTAbCTBa. TOBapHI}J
CTaJl.HH rrpe,ltynpe,ltHA 0 TOM, qTO Cpe,ltH COBeT-
CKHX J1.W,lteH He ,ltOJl.mHO 6bITb 6J1.arO,ltYIIlH.H,
6eCrreqHOCTIf H CTpaxa B 60pb6e, He ,ltOJl.mHO
6bITb MeCTa HbITHKaM, naHHKepaM H Ae3ep-
THpaM.
TOBapHI,g CTaJl.HH BCKpblA geAb BOHHbI, 3a-
Te.HHHOH rHT J1.epOBCKOH f epMaHHeM npOTHB Co-
BeTCKoro COW3a: "Bpar meCTOK If HeYMOJl.HM.
OH CTaBHT cBoeM geAblO 3aXBaT HaIIIHX 3eMeJl.b,
nOAHTbIX HaIIIHM !I0TOM, 3aXBaT HaIIlero xJl.e6a
184

r-
,.
H HarneH He<I>TH, A06blTbIX HaIIlHM TpYAOM. OH
CTaBHT CBoeH geAblO EOCCTaHOBJl.eHHe BJ\.aCTH
nOMeIgHKOB, BOCCTaHOBAeHHe gapH3Ma, pa3py-
weHHe HagHoHaAbHoM KY AbTypbI H HagHoHaJl.b-
HOM rocy AapCTBeHHOCTH PYCCKHX, YKpaHHgeB,
6eJl.OpYCCOB, AHToBgeB, J1.aTbIIIleM, .aCToHgeB, Y3-
6eKOB, TaTap, MOAAaBaH, rpY3HH, apM.HH, a3ep-
6aHAmaHgeB H ApyrHx CBo60AHNX HapoAOB
COBeTCKoro COW3a, HX OHeMeqeHHe, HX npe-
BpaI}JeHHe B pa60B HeMegKHx KH.H3eM H 6apOHOB.
4eJl.o HAeT, TaKHM 06pa30M, 0 mH3HH H CMepTH
COBeTCKoro rOCY,4apCTBa, 0 mH3HH H CMepTH
HapOAOB CCCP, 0 TOM-6bITb HapoAaM Co-
BeTCKoro COlO3a CB060,4HbIMH, HJl.H BnaCTb B
nopa60I}JeHHe" 1.
Onpe,4eJl..H.H geAH BOMHbI COBeTcKoro COW3a
npOTHB q>aIIlHCTCKOM f epMaHHH, TOBapHIg
CTaJl.HH YKa3bIBaJl., lITO aTa BOMHa .HBJI..HeTC.H
BeAHKOH BOMHOM Bcero COBeTCKoro HapO,4a rrpo-
THB HeMegKo-q>aIIlHCTCKHX BOMCK. UeJl.blO aTOM
. BCeHapO,4HOH OTeqeCTEeHHoM BOHHbl .HBA.HeTC.H
He TOJl.bKO AHKBH,4agH.H onaCHOCTH, HaBHCIIIeH
Ha,4 HaIIleM CTpaHOH, HO H nOMOI}Jb BceM
HapO,4aM EBponbI, CTOHYI}JHM nOA HrOM repMaH-
CKoro q>aIIlH3Ma.
1 H. Cma.ll.un. 0 B('J\HKOH OTCqCCTBCHHOH BOHHe COBcTcKoro
COlOsa, HSA. 5-e, CTp. 13.
183

TOBapHI}! CTaJl.HH rrpOpOqeCKH npeACKa3bIBaA,
qTO B aToM OCB06oAHTeAbHoH BOMHe COBeTCKHe
AWAH He 6y AYT OAHHOKHMH. "HaIIla BOMHa 3a
CB060AY HaIIlero OTeqeCTBa COJl.beTC.H C 60pb-
60M HapOAoB EBponbI H AMepHKH 3a HX He3a-
BHCHMOCTb, 3a AeMOKpaTHqeCKHe CB060AbI. BTO
6y AeT eAHHbIM q>POHT HapOAoB, CTO.HI}JHX 3a
CB060AY npOTHB nopa60l}!eHH.H H yrp03bI nopa-
60I}JeHH.H co CTOpOHbl q>aIIlHCTCKHX apMHH
fHTJl.epa" 1.
LKH3Hb nOATBepAHJl.a aTO npeABHAeHHe
TOBapHI}Ja CTaJl.HHa. 12 HIO.1\.H 1941 rOAa AHr-
J\H.H 3aKJl.wqHJl.a C CCCP "Cor J1.aIIleHHe 0 co-
BMeCTHbIX AeMCTBH.HX B BOHHe npOTHB fepMaHHH cc .
n03AHee (HlOHb 1942 1'.) COeAHHeHHbIe WTaTbI
AMepHKH nOAnHcaAH C CCCP "COI'J\aIIleHHe
o npHHgHnax, npHMeHHMbIX K B3aHMHoM no-
MOI}JH B BeAeHHH BOHHbI npOTHB arpeccHH". Co-
BAa.1\aCb aHrAo-coBeTcKo-aMepHKaHCKa.H KoaAH-
!JH.H, nOCTaBHBIIIa.H ce6e !JeJ\bW pa3rpoM
HTaJl.O-repMaHcKoM KOaJl.H!JHH.
T OBapHI}J CTaJl.HH npH3BaA cOBeTcKHH HapoA
rrepeCTpOHTb BCIO pa60TY Ha BoeHHbIM .1\aA,
rrOAqHHHB BCe HHTepecaM q>poHTa H 3aAaqaM
1 11. Cma./I.Un. 0 BCJl.HKO OTC'lCCTBCHHOH BOHse COBeTClCoro
COlOsa, HSA- 5-e, CTp. 16. -
186

opraHH3agHH pa3rpOMa Bpara. KpaCHaH. ApMli.H
H <PAOT H Bce COBeTCKHe rpamAaHe AOAmHbl
OTCTaHBaTb KamAYw n.HAb COBeTCKOH 3eMJl.H,
ApaTbC.H AO nocAe;J;HeM KanAH KpOBH 3a Kam-
;J;bIM ropo;J; H ceAO. TOBapHIg CTaJl.HH YKa3bIBaA
Ha He06xOAHMOCTb opraHH3agHH BcecTopoHHeM
nOMOI}JH KpacHoM APMHH, YKpenAeHH.H ee TbIAa,
cHa62KeHH.H apMHH BoopymeHHeM, 60enpHnacaMH,
npO;J;OBOAbCTBHeM.
TOBapHIg CTaAHH AaJl. YKa3aHHe, qT06bI npH
BbIHym;J;eHHOM OTXO;J;e qacTeM KpacHoM ApMHH
npOTHBHHKY He OCTaBJI..HJl.OCb HH O;J;Horo napo-
B03a, HH OAHoro BarOHa, HH KHAorpaMMa xAe6a,
HM AHTpa roplOqero. TOBapHIg CTaAHH npH-
3BaA K opraHH3a!JHH napTH3aHcKHx OTp.HAOB,
K coeAHHeHHIO napTH3aHcKoM BOMHbI B TbIAY
Bpara C 60eBbIMH AeHCTBH.HMH KpaCHOH ApMHH.
"Bce CHAbI Hapo;J;a - Ha pa3rpoM Bpara!
BnepeA, 3a HaIIlY n06eAY!" - rOBOpHJI.
TOBapHIg CTaJl.HH.
no npH3bIBY napTHH Ha 3aIgHTY POAHHbI nO;J;-
H.HJ\.HCb Bce HapO;J;bI COBeTCKoro COI03a.
EbICTpO H peIIlHTeAbHO 6bIAa OCYIgeCTBJl.eHa
nepeCTpOHKa Bcero HapO,lJ,Horo X03HHCTBa, pa-
60Ta Bcex napTHHHbIX, rOCY;J;apCTBeHHbIX H
06I}JeCTBeHHbIX opraHH3agHM Ha BoeHHbIH Aa;J;,
;J;A.H 06cJl.ymHBaHH.H HymA q>pOHTa. <PpOHT H TbI)\
187

--
npeBpaTHAHCb B eAHHbIM Hepa3AeAbHbIH 60eBOH
J\arepb. 60AbIIle qeM Kor Aa 6bI TO HH 6bIAO
BeCb COBeTCKHH HapOA 06'beAHHHAC.H H cnAO- 
THAC.H BOKpyr 60AbIIleBHCTCKOH napTHH H npa-
BHTeJl.bCTBa.
B KOpOTKHM CpOK BC.H npOMbIIIIAeHHOCTb 6blAa
nepeKAWqeHa Ha BbmYCK 060pOHHOH npOAYK-
gHH. TbIC.HqH npOMbIIIIJl.eHHbIX npeAnpH.HTHH H3
paHOHOB, KOTOpbIM yrpomaA Bpar, SBaKYHpOBa-
AHCb B TbIJI. H npOAO.1\maAH TaM CBOlO pa60TY.
B BOCTOtIHbIX paHoHax cTpaHbI ycneIIlHo pa3-
BepTbIBaAocb CTpoHTeAbcTBO HOBbIX npoMbIIII-
J1.eHHNX npeAnpH.HTHH 060poHHoro 3HatIeHH.H.
B KpaCHYW ApMHIO BAHBaJl.HCb HOBbIe nonoJl.-
HeHH.H. B ropoAax H 06AaCT.HX npHq>poHTOBOH
nOAOCbl q>OpMHpOBaAoCb HapOAHoe OnOAqeHHe.
Ha COBeTCKHX TeppHTOpH.HX, BpeMeHHo 3aXBa-
qeHHbIX BparoM, B nepBbIe me AHH BOHHbl Ha-
qaAH AeHCTBOBaTb HapoAHbIe MC'fHTeAH-oT-
BamHNe COBeTCKHe napTH3aHW.
19 HIOA.H 1941 roAa npe3HAHYM BepxoBHoro
COBeTa CCCP Ha3HaqHA H. B. CTaAHHa Hapo,lJ,-
HbIM KOMHccapoM 060pOHbI Cow3a CCP.
TOBapm,g CTaAHH npOBOAHT orpoMHYIO pa60TY no
YKpenJl.CHHIO COBeTCKHX BoopymeHHbIx CHA. nOA
PYKOBOACTBOM TOBapHI}Ja CTaAHHa COBeTcKaH
ApMH.H OCYI}JeCTBA.H.1\a TaKTHKY aKTHBHoM 060-
188 \

POHbI, HMeBIIIYIO geJl.blO H3MaTbIBaHHe npOTHB-
HHKa, MaKCHMaJl.bHOe HCTpe6J1.eHHe ero HBOH:
CHAbI H TeXHHKH H nOArOTOBK}' ,ycAoBHM K ne-
pexoAY B HacTynAeHHe.
fliT AepoBcKoe KOMaHAoBaHHe, paCCqHTbIBa.H
Ha MOJl.HHeHOCHbIM pa3rpoM CCCP, Ha '6bICTpbIM
3aXBaT MOCKBbI H AeHHHrpaAa, He CqHTa.HCb
C orpOMHbIMH nOTep.HMH HeMegKoM apMHH B J1.W-
AHX' H TeXHHKe, 6pocaAo Ha cOBeTcKo-repMaH-
cKHM q>pOHT CEOM pe2epBbI. B OKT.H6pe, geHoM
KOJl.OCCaJl.bHbIX nOTepb, HeMgaM y AaJ\.OCb npo-
PBaTbC.H B npeAeJ\.bI MocKoBcKoM 06J1.aCTH.
C03AaJl.OCb caMoe onaCHoe nOJl.OmeHHe B Te-
qeHHe BceM KaMnaHHH 1941 rOAa. CMepTeJ\.bHafl
yrp03a HaBHCAa HaJl, MocKBoM. 19 OKT.H6p.H
1941 rOAa 3a nOAnHCblO npeAceAaTeA.H focy-
Aa pCTBeHHoro KOMHTeTa 060pOHbI TOBapHI}Ja
CTaAHHa 6bIAO ony6AHKoBaHo nOCTaHOBAeHHe
o BBeAeHHH B MocKBe OCaAHOI'O nOAOmeHH.H.
TOBapHIgeM CTaAHHbIM 6bIJ\. pa3pa60TaH H 6J1.e-
CTHI}Je npeTBOpeH B LRH3Hb nAaH 060POHbi CTO-
J1.HgbI, nAaH pa3rpoMa HeMegKHx BOMCK nOA
MOCKBOM.
Bpar HaXOAMAC.H Ha nOACTYI!aX K MocKBe.
HeCMOTp.H Ha aTO, 6 HO.H6p.H 1941 rOAa B Mo-
CKBe COCTO.HJl.OCb TpaAHgHoHHoe TopmecTBeHHoe
3aceAaHHe MOCKoBcKoro COBeTa AenYTaToB
189

TPY A.HIMHXC.H C napTHMHbIMH H 06IgeCTBeHHbIMH
opraHH3agH.HMH ropoAa MOCKBbI, nOCB.HI}JeHHOe
24-M rOAOBI!!HHe BeAHKOM OKTH6pbCKOH cogHa-
J1.HcTHqecKoM peBoJl.lOgHHM C AOKJl.aAOM BblcTynHA
TOBapHIM CTaAHH.
B CBOeM AOKAaAe TOBapHIM CTaAHH nOABeA
HTorH BOMHbI 3a qeTbIpe MeC.Hga. C CYPOBOH
np.HMoToM B01KAb apMHH H HapOAa CKa3aA, liTO
Cepbe3Ha.H onaCHOCTb, HaBHCIIIa.H HaA cTpaHoM,
He oCAa6J1.a, a eIMe 60Jl.ee YCHAH.1\acb. H B TO me
BpeM.H C BeAHqaMIIIeM np030pJl.HBOCTbW TOBapHIM
CTaAHH npeABHAeJl., liTO pa3rpOM HeMegKHx
HMnepHaJl.HCTOB H HX apMHM HeMHHyeM.
nAaH HeMegKo-tpaIIlHCTCKHX 3aXBaTqHKOB "no-
KOHqHTb" C COBeTCKHM COlO30M nYTeM nMOJl.-
HHeHocHoM BOMHbI" B TeqeHHe nO.J\YTopa-ABYX
MeC.HgeB OKOHqaTeAbHO npOBaAHAC.H. He orrpaB-
AaJl.HCb paCqeTbI HeMegKo-IpaIIlHcTcKHX CTpaTe-
rOB Ha C03AaHHe Bce06:rgeM KOa.1\HgHH npOTHB
CCCP H Ha ero H30A.HgHIO, Ha HerrpOqHOCTb CO-
BeTcKoro CTpO.H, HenpOqHOCTb COBeTCKoro TbIJl.a,
Ha CJl.a60CTb KpaCHOH ApMHH H KpaCHoro
<PAOTa.
BCKpbIBa.H npHqHHbI BpeMeHHbIX Hey Aaq Kpac-
HOM ApMHH, TOBapHIM CTaJl.HH nOKa3aA, qTO
OAHOM H3 npHqHH STHX Hey Aaq .HBA.HeTCH OT-
CYTCTBHe BToporo q>pOHTa B EBpone. 4PyroM
190
\

npHqHHOH .HBJI..HeTC.H HeAoCTaTOK Y KpacoM
ApMHH TaHKOB H OTqaCTH aBHagHH, npH npe-
BocxoACTBe HX HaA HeMej!KHMH no KaqeCTBY.
T oBapHI,Y CTaAHH nOCTaBHA 3aAallY CBeCTH
K HY J\.W qHCAeHHoe npeBocxoACTBO HeMgeB
B TaHKax H aBHagHH H TeM caMbIM KopeHHbIM
06pa30M Y AyqIIlUTb nOAomeHHe HaIIleM apMHH.
BTO YKa3aHHe BOmA.H HMeAO BeJl.H1IaMIIIee
3HaqeHHe AJI..H HCXOAR BOMHbI. BbInOAH.H.H aTO
YKa3aHHe, COBeTCKa.H npoMbIIIIAeHHOCTb H3 Me-
C.Hga B MeC.Hg YBeAHqHBaJl.a BwnYCK CaMOAeTOB,
TaHKOB H cpeACTB 60pb6bI C HHMH, J1.HKBHAH-
pOBaB B xOAe BOMHbI npeBocxOACTBO Bpara B IIHC-
AeHHOCTH 6oeBoM TeXHHKH.
TOBapHI,Y CTaJ\.HH copBaA C rHTAepoBgeB Ma-
CKY "HagHoHaA-cogHaAH3Ma", pa306J1.aqHA HX
nepeA BceM MHpOM, KaK napTHIO HaH60J\.ee XHI}J-
HHqeCKHX HMnepJiaJl.HCTOB, BparOB AeMOKpaTH-
qeCKHX CB06oA, KaK napTHIO cpeAHeBeKOBoM
peaKgHH H qepHOCOTeHHbIX norpOMOB, KaK nap-
THW y6HMg, nOTep.HBllIHX qeJl.OBeqeCKHM 06J1.HK
H naBIIIHX. AO ypOBHH AHKHX 3BepeM.
,,11 aTH AWAH, -rOBOpHJI. TOBapHI,Y CTaJl.HH,
AHIIIeHHbIe COBeCTH H qeCTH, AIOAH C MOpaJl.blO
mHBOTHbIX HMeWT Hal' J1.0CTb npH3blBa Tb K YHHqTO-
meHHIO BeAHKoM PYCCKOM HagHH, HagHH nJl.eXaHO-
Ba H AeHHHa, 6eAHHCKoro H 4epHbIIIIeBcKoro,
191

nYIIIKHHa H T OACToro, f AHHKH II 4aHKOBCKoro,
fopbKoro H 4eXOBa,CeqeHOBa H naBAOBa, Pc-
nHHa H CypHKOBa, CYBopOBa H KYTY30Ba!.." 1.
TOBapHIg CTaJl.HH npH3BaJl. BeCb cOBeTcKIIM
HapO,lJ, K AaAbHeMIIIeMY YCHAeHHIO nO,lJ,,lJ,epmKH
apMHH H q>J1.0Ta, K caMOOTBepmeHHOMY TpYAY Ha
nOMOI!);b q>pOHTY II nOCTaBMA .aaAaqy - HCTpe-
6HTb HeMegKo-q>amHCTCKHX 3aXBaTqHKOB. "He-
MegKHe 3aXBaTqHKH XOT.HT HMeTb HCTpe6HTeAb-
HYIO BOHHY C HapO,lJ,aMH CCCP. 4TO me, eCAH
HeMgbI XOT.HT HMeTb HCTpe6HTeJ\.bHYw BOHHY, OHM
ee nOJl.yqaT" 2,-rOBOpHJI. TOBapHIg CTaAHH.
CJl.OBa TOBapHI}Ja CTaJl.HHa "HaIIle AeAo
npaBoe, - n06e,lJ,a 6Y,lJ,eT 3a HaMH!" 3 BbIpa3HJl.H
MbICAH, CTpeMJl.eHHH H I' Ay60qaHIIIYIO YBepeH-
HOCTb Bcex COBeTCKHX AW,lJ,eM B HeH36emHOCTH
pa3rpOMa Bpara.
7 HO.H6p.H 1941 rOAa Ha KpacHoM nJl.OIgaAH
B MocKBe COCTO.HAC.H napa,lJ, BOMCK KpacHoM
ApMHH. C TPM6YHbi AeHHHcKoro MaB30Jl.e.H
TOBapHIg CTaAMH rOBOpMJI. 0 BeAHKoM OCB060,lJ,H-
TeAbHoH MHCCHH KpacHoM ApMMH H HanYTCTBO-
BaA COEeTCKHX BOMHOB, napTH3aH H napTH3aHOK:
1 H. Cma.ll.un. 0 BCJ\HKOH OTCqeCTBCHHOH BOHHe COBcTCKoro
COJ03a, HM. 5-e, CTp. 30.
2 TaM 2I!.e.
1/ TaM 2I!.t", CTp. 36.
192
\

"nYCTb BAOXHOBA.HeT BaC B aToH BOHHe Mym.ecT-
BeHHbIH 06pa3 HaIIlHX BeJ\.HKHX npeAKoB - AAe-
KcaHApa HeBcKoro, 4HMHTPH.H 40HcKoro, KY3bMbi
MHHHHa, 4HMHTPH.H nomapcKoro, AJl.eKcaHApa
CYBopoBa, MHxaHAa KYTY30Ba! nYCTb oceHHT
Bac n06eAoHocHoe 3HaM.H BeJl.HKOrO AeHHHa!" I.
KpaCHa.H ApMH.H OTBeTHJ\.a Ha BbICTYnAeHH.H
CBoero nOAKoBoAga YKpenJl.eHHeM CTOHKOCTH
H BbIAepm.KH, YCHAeHHeM YAapOB no Bpary.
TOBapHIg CTaJ\.HH J1.HqHO PYKOBOAHJI. 060poHOM
MOCKBN, HenocpeACTBeHHO HanpaBA.HA AeMCTBH.H
KpaCHOH APMHH, BAOXHOBJI..HJ\ 60HgOB H KOMaH-
AHpOB, CJl.eAHA 3a XOAOM CTpOHTeAbCTBa o60po-
HHTeAbHbIX coopymeHHM Ha nOAcTynax COBeT-
CKOM CTOAHgbI.
. B AeKa6pe no npHKa3Y TOBapHI}Ja CTaJl.HHa
Ha HeMegKHc BOMCKa BHe3anHO 06pYllIHJl.HCb
YAapbI HeCKOJl.bKHX COBeTCKHX apMHM, cocpeAO-
TOqeHHbIX B paMOHe MOCKBbI. f10cAe ynopHbIX
60eB HeMgbI He BbIAepmaAH aToro HaTHCKa H Ha-
qaJl.H 6ecnop.HAoqHOe oTcTynAeHHe. COBeTcKHe
BOHcKa npOAOJl.maAH rHa Tb pa36HTbIe HeMeg-
KHe coeAHHeHH.H H B TeqeHHe 3HMbi npe-
II1J\.H MeCTaMH Ha 3anaA 60Jl.ee 400 KHJl.OMeTpOB.
1 H. CmOAun. 0 BCJ\HKOH OTCqeCTBCHHOH BOHHC COBCTCKoro
Corosa, HSAo_ 5-c, CTp. 40.
193

fHTJl.epoBCKHM nJl.aH oKpymeHH.H H B3.HTH.H
MOCKBbl npOBaAHJl.C.H.
Pa3rpOM . HeMegKo-q>aIIlHCTCKHX BOMcK nOA
MOCKBOH .HBHJl.C.H peIIlaWI}JHM BoeHHblM C06bI-
THeM nepBoro rOAa BOMHbI H nepBbIM KpynHbIM
nopameHHeM HeMgeB BO BTopoM MHpOBOM BOHHe.
BTO nopameHHe HaBcerAa pa3Be.HAO c03AaHHYw
rHT AepoBgaMH J1.ereHAY 0 Hen06eAHMocTH rep-
MaHcKoM apMHH.
Pa3rpoM HeMgeB nOA MocKBoM noKa3aA npe-
BocxoACTBO cTpaTerHqeCKOrO nJl.aHa aacTyna-
TeJ\.bHbIX onepagHM,' pa3pa60TaHHoro TOBapHI}JeM
CTaAHHbIM, nepeA cTpaTerHeM HeMgeB.
B npHKa3e N2 55 OT 23 <l>eBpaJl..H 1,942 rOAa
H. B. CTaJl.HH OTMeTHA KaK BamHeHIIIHM HTor
npoIIleAIIIHX BOCbMH MeC.HgeB BOMHbI nOTeplO
HeMgaMH BoeHHoro npeHMYI}JeCTBa, KOTopoe OHH
HMeAH B pe3YJl.bTaTe BepOJl.OMHOrO H BHe3anHoro
HanaAeHH.H Ha CCCP.
"MoMeHT BHe3anHoCTH H HeomHAaHHOCTH, KaK
pe3epB HeMegKo-q>aIIlHcTcKHX BOHCK, H3pacxo-
AOBaH nOJl.HOCTblO. T eM caMbIM J1.HKBHAHpoBaHO
TO HepaBeHCTBO B YCAOBH.HX BOMHbI, KOTopoe
6bIAO c03AaHo BHe3anHOCTblO HeMegKo-q>aIIlHcT-
CKoro HanaAeHH.H. T enepb cy Ab6a BOHHbI 6y AeT
peIIla TbC.H He TaKHM npHBXOA.HI}JHM MOMeHTOM,
KaK MOMeHT BHe3anHO'CTH, a nOCTO.HHHO AeH-
194

CTBYWI,!!,HMH q>aKTOpaMH: npOqHOCTb TbIJ\.a, MO-
paAbHbIM AYX apMHH, KOJl.HqeCTBO H KaqeCTBO
AHBH3HM, BoopymeHHe apMHH, opraHH3aTopCKHe
cnoc06HOCTH HaqaAbCTBYWIgero COCTaBa apMHH"l.
CTaJ\.HHCKHH Te3HC 0 3HaqeHHH nOCTO.HHHO
AeMcTBYIOI}JHX q>aKTopOB BOMHbI, KaK peIIlaWIgHX
qJaKTopOB, .HBHAC.H AaAbHeMIIIHM TBOpqeCKHM
pa3BHTHeM MapKcHcTcKo-AeHHHcKoM HaYKH 0
BOHHe, 0 HenocpeAcTBellHoM opraeCKOH CB.H3H
xOAa H HcxOAa BOMHbI co CTeneHbW H xapaKTepOM
aKOHOMHqeCKOrO H nOAHTHqeCKOrO pa3BHTH.H
rocy Aa pcrna Hero HAeoAorHeH, co CTeneHbW
nOArOTOBAeHHOCTH H 3peJl.OCTH ero KaAPOB.
CTaJl.HHCKHM Te3HC 0 pOAM nOCTO.HHHO AeM-
CTBYWI}JHX q>aKTopOB BOMHbI HMeeT orpOM-
Hoe TeOpeTHqeCKOe H npaKTHqeCKOe 3HaqeHHe.
YqeT 11 npaBHJl.bHOe HcnOAb30BaHHe aTHX q>aK-
TOpOB n03BOA.HIOT B BoeHHOM H opraHH3aTopcKoM
pa60Te cocpeAOTOqHTb rAaBHoe BHHMaHHe Ha
peIIleHHH OCHOBHbIX 3aAaq, OT KOTOpbIX 3aBH-
CHT CYAb6a BOHHM.
Oco60e 3HaqeHHe npHAaeT TOBapHIg CTaJl.HH
OBAaAeHHIO KOMaHAHpaMH H 60MgaMH BoeH-
HblM HCKYCCTBOM. B npHKa3e 1 Ma.H 1942 rOAa
1 H. Cma.ll.un. 0 BCJ\HKOH OTCQCCTBeftBOH BOHHe COBeTcRoro
COlOsa, H.9A. S-c, CTp. 43-44.
195

TOBapHIg CTa.ll.HH OTMeTHJI., qTO KpaCHa.H
ApMH.H HMeeT BCe Heo6xo,4HMoe ,4A.H Toro,
qT06bI pa36HTb Bpara H H3rHaTb ero H3 COBeT-
cKoM CTpaHbI. "HeXBaTaeT TOAbKO OAHorO-YMe-
HH.H nOAHOCTblO HcnOAb30BaTb npOTHB Bpara
TY nepBOKAaCCHYIO TeXHHKY, KOTOpyW npeAo-
CTaBA.HeT eH HallIa POAHHa. noaTOMY 3a,4aQa
KpacHoM ApMHH, ee 60MgOB, ee ny AeMeTqHKOB,
ee a pTHAJl.epMCTOB, ee MHHOMeTqHKOB, ee TaH-
KHCTOB, ee AeTqHKOB H KaBaJl.epHCTOB--COCTOHT
B TOM, qT06bl yqHTbC.H BoeHHOMY ,4eJl.Y, yqHTbC.H
HaCTOMqHBO, H3yq3Tb B COBepIIleHCTBe CBOe opY-
mHe, CTaTb MaCTepaMH CBoero Ae.1\a H HayqHTbC.H,
TaKHM o6pa30M, 6HTb npara HaBepH.HKa. TOAbKO
TaK MomHO HayqHTbC.H HCKYCCTBY n06eiK,4aTb
Bpara" 1.
11 B AaAbHeMllIeM, Ha npOT.HmeHHH BceM BOMHbI
TOBap"I}J CTaJl.HH nOCTOHHHO YKa3bIBaA Ha He06-
XO,4HMOCTb COBepIIleHCTBOBaHH.H 60eBoM BbIyqKH,
nOBbIIIIeHH.H 3HaHHH H YMeHM.H HCnOJl.b30BaTb
BoeHHYIO TeXHHKY H OBAaAeHH.H HCKYCCTBOM
BOm,4eHH.H BOMcK, HCKYCCTBOM n06em,4aTb Bpara
no BceM npaBH.1\aM cOBpeMeHHoM BoeHHoM Ha YKH.
BbInOAH.HH aTH YKa3aHH.H, KpaCHa.H ApMH.H
1 H. Cma.llun. 0 BCJl.HKOH OTCqeCTBCHHOH BOHHC COBcTcKoro
COlOsa, HSA. S-e, CTp. 57.
196

ynopHo H HacToMqHBO OBJl.aAeBaAa BOeHHWM
AeAOM H HayqHAaCb HCKYCCTBY 6HTb Bpara
HaBepH.HKa.
AeToM 1942 rOAa, BocnOAb30BaBmHCb OTCYT-
CTBHeM BToporo q>poHTa B £Bpone, HeMgbI ne-
pe6pOCHJl.H Bce CBOH pe3epBbI, B TOM qHCJ\.e H
BOMcKa CBOHX COI03HHKOB, Ha COBeTCKo-repMaH-
CKHM q>POHT _ H cocpeAOTOqHJ\.H Ha wrO-3anaA-
HOM HanpaBAeHHH 60AbIIloe KOJl.HqeCTBO BOMCK.
TOBapH CTaAHH CBoeBpeMeHHO pa3raAaJl.
nAaH repMaHCKoro KOMaHAOBaHH.H, nbITaBIIIe-
roC.H c03AaTb BneqaTJl.eHHe, 6YATO rJl.aBHOM, a
He nOAc06HOM geJl.blO AeTHero HacTynAeHH.H
HeMegKHx BOMcK .HBJI..HeTC.H .saH.HTHe Het'f>T.HHbIX
paRoHoD fp03Horo H EaKY. Ha caMOM AeJl.e
rAaBHa.H geJl.b COCTO.H}(a B TOM, YKa3bIBaJl. TOBapH
CTaJl.HH, qT06bJ o60MTH MOCKEY C BOCTOKa,
OTpe3aTb ee OT BOALKCKoro H ypaAbcKoro TbIJ\.a
H nOTOM y AapHTb Ha MOCKEY H TeM caMblM
KOHqHTb BOMHY B 1942 roAY.
. no npHKa3Y BepXOBHoro I' AaBHOKoMaHAYIo-
Igero T. CTaJ\.HHa cOBeTcKHe BOMcKa nperpa-
A.HAH Bpary nYTH Ha ceBep, B TbIA MocKBe.
B cepeAHHe HWJI..H 1942 rO)J;a HeM!!bI HaqaAH
HacTynAeHHe Ha CTaJl.HHrpa,ll" paCCqHTbIBa.H
OBJ\.aAeTb ropOAOM C XOAY, pa30pBaTb cOBeTcKHH
pOHT H npoAoJ\.LKaTb npoABHmeHHe BAOJl.b
15 H. B. CTBADB
197

BOJl.rH Ha ceBep, B 06XOA MOCKBbI. TOBapHJ'y
CTaAHH npHKa3aA 060pomfTb CTaJl.HHI'pa.<t BO
lITO 6bI TO HH CTaJl.O. 5 OKT.H6pH 1942 rOAa
T. CTaAHH OTAaA npHKa3 KOMaHAYWI}JeMY CTaAHH-
rpaACKHM q>POHTOM: "Tpe6ylO, qT06bI Bbl npHH.HJl.H
Bce MepbI AA.H 3alJ!HTbI CTaAHHrpaAa. CTaAHH-
rpaA He AOA2KeH 6bITb CAaH npOTHBHHKY" 1.
HaqaAaCb BeAuqaMIIIaH B HCTOpHH BOHH 6HTBa
3a CTaAHHrpaA. KpaCHa.H ApMH.H repOH'IeCKH
3aI}JHI}JaAa 3HaMeHHTbIM roPOA Ha BOAre HOC.H-
I}JHM HM.H CTaJl.HHa. EOeBbIe TpaAHgHH MapH-
MblHCKOH anoneH 1918 roAa B03pOAHAHCb B 6HT-
Bax 3a CTaJl.HHrpaA. B pa3rap cpameHHH 60MgbI,
KOMaHAHpbl H IIOJl.HTpa60THHKH CTaAHHrpaA-
CKOro q>poHTa 06paTHJl.HCb C nHCbMOM K TOBapHIJ!Y
CTaAHHY. KJ\..HTBOM 3ByqaAo Ka2KAOe CJ\.OBO:
"nepeA HaIIlHMH 60eBbIMH 3HaMeHaMH, nepe,lt
BceH COBeTcKoM cTpaHoH MbI KA.HHeMCH, qTO
He nOCpaMHM CAaBW PYCCKoro opymml, 6YAeM
6HTbC.H AO nOCAeAHeM B03MomHOCTH. no,lt BalliUM
PYKOBOACTBOM OTgbl HaIIlH n06eAHAH B MapH-
MbIHCKOH 6HTBe, nOA BaIIlHM PYKOBOACTBOM
n06eAHM Mbl H Tenepb B BeAHKOH 6HTBe nOA
CTaAHHrpaAOM!" 2.
1 "DpaBAa" N9 28, 2 cJlCBP8.\JI 1944 r.
2 nDfaBAa" N9 310, 6 HOJl6pJl 1942 r.
198

0:::-
B AHH, Kor Aa Bpar npOpBa.l\.C.H K CTaJl.HH-
rpaAY H B npeArOpb.H KaBKa3a, COBeTCKa.H
CTpaHa OTMeqaAa 25-10 rOAOBI}JHHY BeAHKoM
OKTH6pbcKoM cogHaAHCTHqeCKOM peBoJl.wgHH.
6 HO.H6p.H 1942 rOAa Ha TopmeCTBeHHOM 3a-
ceAaHHH MOCKoBcKoro COBeTa C AOKAaAOM
BbIcTynHA CTaAHH.
TOBapHIg CTaAHH nOAP06Ho oxapaKTepH30BaJl.
AeHTeAbHOCTb COBeTCKHX rocy AapCTBeHHbIX H
napTHHHbIX opraHOB 3a npoIIleAIIIHM rOA B 06-
J\.aCTH MHpHoro cTpoHTeAbcTBa H opraHH3agHH
KpenKoro TblAa AJI..H cppoHTa H B 06AacTH npo-
BeAeHHH 060poHHTeAbHbIx H HacTynaTeJl.bHbIx
onepagHM KpacHoM ApMHH.
XapaKTepH3Y.H opraHH3aTopcKYW pa60TY B
TbIAY, TOBapHI,Y CTaAHH OTMeTHJI., qTO 3a BpeM.H
BOMHbl 6bIAa npoBeAeHa TPY AHeHIIIaH H CA02lt-
HeMIIIa.H opraHH3aTopcKaH pa6oTa, CB.H3aHHa.H
C nepe6a3HpoBaHHcM BoeHHoM H rpa2KAaHCKOH
npoMbIIlIAeHHocTH B BOCTOqHbIe paHoHbI cTpaHbI,
C nepecTpoMKoM H KopeHHbIM Y AyqIIleHHeM pa-
60TbI npeAnpH.HTHH, cHa62KawI}JHx q>poHT. "Hym-
HO npH3HaTb, - rOBopHA TOBapHI}J CTaJl.HH,-
qTO HaIIla cTpaHa HHKor Aa eIYe He HMeJl.a
TaKoro KpenKoro H opraHH30BaHHoro TbIJl.a" 1 .
1 H. CmaJt.uH. 0 BCJUIKOH OTeqeCTBeHBOH BOHBe COBeTCKOrO
Corosa, HSA. 5-e, CT p. 62.
IS.
199

:...
06'bHCH.H.H TOT <PaKT, qTO AeTOM 1942_ roAa
D
HeMgbl oAepmaJl.H cepbe3HbIe TaKTHlIeCKHe yc-
nexH, TOBapHIJ! CTaJl.HH OTMeTHA, qTO OTCYT-
cTBHe BToporo q>poHTa B EBpone AaAO HeMgaM
A u
B03MomHOCTb C03AaTb 60.l\bIIlOH nepeBec fHJI.
Ha roro-3anaAHOM HanpaBAeHHH.
PaCCMaTpHBa.H Bonpoc 0 BTOpOM pOHTe
B Bpone B HCTOpHqeCKOI'4 pa3pe3e, TOBapHIJ!
CT;aAHH npHBeJl. cAeAyrolJ!He xapaKTepHbIe J!Hq>-
pbI:' B nepBYW MHpOBYro BOMHY repMaHH.H,
BoeBaBIIIa.H'Ha ABYX pOHTax, BNCTaBHAa npo-
THB PYCCKoro q>pOHTa Bcero 127 AHBH3HM
HeMegKHx H COW3HbIX f epMaHHH BOHCK. B HbI-
HeIIlHeM J;!oHHe fepMaHHH, BOro.H Ha OAHOM
poHTe, opocHJl.a Ha cOBeTcKo-repMaHcKHH pOHT
AO 240 AHBH3HH, T. e. nOlITH B ABa pa3a
60.l\bme, qeM B nepBYIO MHpoBYW BOHHY.
TOJl.bKO repOH3M COBeTCKOH ApMHH H nap-
TH3aH, caMOOTBepmeHHblH TPYA cOBeTcKHX na-
TpHOTOB B TbIJl.Y H npaBHAbHoe PYKOBOACTBO Bep-
xOBHoro r J1.aBHOKOMaHAYWlJ!ero, PYKOBoAHTeJl..H
napTHH H COBeTCKoro rocy AapCTBa TOBapHlJ!a
CTaJl.HHa npeB03Mor J1.H rHraHTCKHe TPY AHOCTH
B OTnope HaIIlecTBHW rHT J1.epOBCKHX noJl. lIHIJ!.
TOBapHIJ! CTaJl.HH C Be'J1.HlIaHIIIeM ropAOCTblO 3a
COBeTCKYro CTpaHY, 3a COBeTCKHH HapOA H ero
apMHIO rOBOpHJI.:
.200

.F
".f( ""YMalO, qTO HHKaKa.H APyra.H CTpaHa H HH
KaKa.H Apyra.H apMH.H He MOl' Aa 6bI BbI,lJ,epmaTb
nOAo6HblM HaTHCK 03BepeAbIx 6aHA HeMegKo-cpa
II1HCTCKHX pa36oMHHKoB H HX COI03HHKOB. T OAf?KO
. HaIIla COBeTCKa.H CTpaHa, H TOAbKO HaIIla KpaCHa.H
ApMH.H cnoc06HbI BbIAepmaTb TaKoM HaTHCK.
11 He 'fOAbKO BbIAepmaTb, HO H npeOAOJl.eTb ero" 1.
TOBapHI,g CTaJ\.HH nOCTaBHJ\. nepeA KpaCHOH
ApMHeM 3aAaqy He AaBaTb Bpary npOABHraTbC.H
BnepeA, ynopHo H HaCTOMqHBO rOTOBHTb Y Aap
no HeMY.
KpaCHa.H ApMH.H H BeCb cOBeTcKHM HapOA
C Be.ll.HqaMlliHM BOOAYIIleBJl.eHHeM BCTpeTHAH Bbl-
cTynJl.eHHe CBoero BomA.H H nOAKoBoAga. MHA-
AHOHbI pa60QHX H KOAX03HHKOB eI}Je 60Jl.ee yne-
- .ll.HqH.II.H BbmYCK BoeHMon npOAYKgHH AJ\..H q>pOIJTa
H . npOAOBOJl.bCTBHH AA.H apMHH. no nOqHHY TaM-
.60BCKHX KOAX03HHKOB H KOAX03HHg B CTpaHe
pa3BepHY AOCb II1HpOKOe ABHmeHHe no c60py
cpeACTB B q>OHA KpacHoM ApMHH.
HenpeKAOHliOH YBepeHHOCTbW B n06eAY HanO.ll.-
HHA cepAga COBeTCKHX J1.WAeM npHKa3 HapoA-
Horo KOMHccapa 060pOHbI 11. B. CTaJl.HHa
. 7 HO.H6p.H 1942 l'OAa. "Bpar yme HcnbITa.ll.
-OAHamAbI CHAY YAapo KpacHoH ApMHH nOA
1 H. Cma.ll.un. 0 BeJlHKOH OTCqeCTBCHHOR BORHe COBcTCKOro
COIOBa, HM. 5-E', CTp. 69-70.
201

POCTOBOM, nOA MocKBoM, nOA THXBHHOM. He,lJ;a-
J1.eK TOT' AeHb, KorAa Bpar Y3HaeT CHAY HOBbIX
Y AapoB KpaCHOM ApMHH. DY AeT H Ha HaIIleH
YAHge npa3AHHK!" 1.
DAeCT.HI,gHM nOATBepmAeHHeM STHX CAOB
TOBapHI,ga CTaAHHa .HBHJl.CR pa3rpOM HeMgeB nOA
CTaJ\.HHrpaAoM.
My ApbIH nOJl.KOBOAe!!, C HMeHeM KOTOpOro Ha
YCTax mAH B 60M COBeTCKHe BOHHN, npeABHAeJl.
pa3BHTHe C06bITHH H nOAIJHHHJI. CBoeH CTaJl.bHOH
BOAe XOA rHraHTCKoro cpameHH.H.
no npHKa3Y CTaAHHa 19 HO.H6p.H 1942 rOAa
'COBeTCKHe BOHcKa B paHoHe nOAcTYI10B K CTa-
J1.HHrpaAY nepelliAH B HacTynAeHHe. Y Aap 6bIJI.
npOH3BeAeH no q>J1.aHraM, a nOTOM 110 TbIAY He-
MegKHx BOMCK. Pa3pa60TaHHbIH H OCYI,geCTBAeH-
HbIH 110tt PYKOBOACTBOM TOBapHI,ga CTaJl.HHa
cTpaTerHqeCKHH nAaH <pAaHroBbIx Y AapOB 06ec
l1eqHA HOBYW 6J1.eCT.HI,gYw l106eAY KpacHoM
ApMHH. B KopoTKHM CpOK COBeTCKHe BOMcKa
oKpymHJl.H B paHoHe CTaAHHrpaAa 300-TbIC.HIJ-
HYW apMHW HeMgeB, IJaCTbW YHHIJTOmHAH H
qaCTbw I1AeHHAH ee.
BTO 6bIAa CaMa.H BbIAawI,gaRC.H 1106eAa B HCTO-
pHH BeJl.HKHX BOHH. DHTBa 3a CTaJl.HHrpaA-
1 H. CmIM.UR. 0 Bf'J\JllCOH OTeveCTBCHBOH BOUBO COBeTCRoro
COlOsa, "SA. S-c, CTp. 81.
202

BeHey BoeHHoro HCKYCCTBa; OHa .HBHJl.a HOBblM
npHMep cOBepIIleHcTBa nepeAoBoH cOBeTcKoM
BoeHHoM HaYKH. OAepmaHHa.H SAeco HCTOpHqe-
CKa.H n06eAa - .HpKOe TopmeCTBO cTaJl.HHcKoM
cTpaTerHH H TaKTHKH, TopmeCTBO reHHaJl.bHOrO
nJl.aHa H MY Aporo npeABHAeHH.H Be.1\HKoro noJl."
KOBoAga, npoHHgaTeAbHo pacKpbIBIIIero 3aMbICJl.bl
,Bpara H HcnOAb30BaBIIIero CJl.a60CTH ero aBaH-
TWpHCTHqeCKOH: cTpaTerHH.
00 ogeHKe CTaAHHa, "CTaJl.HHrpa;.1t 6bIJI.
3aKaTOM HeMegKo-q>aIIlHcTCKOH: apMHH. OocAe
CTaJl.HHrpaAcKoro - n060HI}Ja, KaK H3BecTHo,
HeMgbl He MOrJl.H yme onpaBHTbC.H" 1.
3aXBaTHB B AHH CTaJl.HHrpaACKOM 6HTBbI HHH-
gHaTHBY B CBOH PYKH, COBeTCKa.H ApMH.H npo-
AOAmaAa HacTynaTeAbHbIe onepagHH_ Haqa.l\OCb
MaCCOBoe H3rHaHHe' Bpara H3 COBeTCKOH: CTpaHbl.
B npHKa3e OT 23 q>eBpaA.H 1943 ro,l\a
TOBapHIg CTaAHH, xapaKTepH3Y.H ycnexH HaIIlHX
BOMcK H repOH3M COBeTCKHX AWAeM, OTMeqaJl.:
"HaBcerAa COXpaHHT HaIIl HapoA naM.HTb 0 re-
pOHqecKoM 060poHe CeBaCTOnOJl..H H OAeccbI,
06 ynopHbIx 60.HX nOA MocKBOM H. B npeA-
rOpb.HX KaBKa3a, B paMoHe PmeBa H nOA
AeHHHrpaAoM, 0 BeAHqaHIIIeM B HCTOpHH BOH:H
1 11. Cma.ll.un. 0 BeJlHKOH OrCqCCTBeHHOH BOHHe COBCTCKoro
COlOsa, B3A. 5-c, CTp. 113.
203

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KHX cpameHH.HX HaIIlH A06AeCTHbIe 60HgbI,
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AaeMoM CJl.aBOH 60eBbIe 3HaMeHa KpaCHoH ApMHH
H 3a.1\OmHJl.H npOqHbIH q>YHAaMeHT A-.II..H n06eAbI
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BMeCTe C TeM, BepxoBHbIM r AaBHOKOMaHAYIO-
HH rrpeAyrrp emAa A 60HgOB H KOMaHAHpOB
COBeTcKoM ApMHH OT BpeAHoro caMoo60AbIge-
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TBePAO rrOMHHTb 3aBeTbi BeAHKoro AeHHHa:
"nepBoe AeAO - He YBJl.eKaTbC.H rr06eAOH H
He KUqHTbC.H, BTopoe AeAO - 3aKpenHTb .sa CO-
60H n06eAY, TpeTbe-A06uTb npoTHBHHKa"2.
B pe3YJl.bTaTe 3HMHeM HacTynaTeAbHoH KaM-
naHHH 1942-1943 rOAOB COBeTCKHe BOMcKa He
TOAbKO CBeJl.H Ha HeT TaKTHqeCKHe ycnexH, KO-
TOpbIX AOCTHr Bpar .l\eTOM 1942 rOAa, HO H
CTaJl.H oCE060mAaTb paMoHbl, 3aXBaqeUHbIe HeM-
gaMu eIge B HaqaJl.e BOMHbl.
COBeTcKoe rocy AapCTBO BbICOKO ogeHHAo
BbIAaIOIgHeC.H 3acAyrH BepxoBHoro f Jl.aBHO-
KOMaHAYWI}Jero BoOpymeHHbIMH CHAaMH CCCP
TOBapHIga CTaAHHa. 6 MapTa 1943 rOAa npe-
"'-, 1 H. Cma.ll.UH. 0 BCJ\HI<OH OTClJeCTBeUHOH BOHne COBeTcRoro
COlOS8, HSA. 5-e, CTp. 89-90.
II TaM &e, CTp. 94-95.
204

3HAHYM BepXOBHoro COBeTa CCCP npUCBOHJ\.
HOCHq>y BHccapHOHOBHqy CTaJl.HHY BoeaHoe
3BaHHe MapIIlaJ\.a COBeTCKoro COI03a.
HeCMOTp.H Ha nopameHH.H H orpOMHbIe no-
TepH, .ll.eToM' 1943 rOAa HeMgbI npe,ll,npHH.HAH
HOBoe HacTyn.ll.eHHe. T oBapmg CTaJl.HH BO-BpeM.H
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Y AapOM C ABYX CTOpOH - H3 paMoHa OpJl.a H
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CKHe BOHcKa, cocpeAOTOqeHHbIe B H3AyqHHe
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060pOHa OKa3aAaCb CHAbHee.
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cTynAeHHe.
205

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MapmaA COBeTcKoro COlO3a H. B. CTaAHH
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30M OTMeTHA STY HOBYW BbIAaIOI!JYIOC.H n06e,lly
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B qeCTb A06AeCTHbIX BOHCK, OCB0604HBIIIHX
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CTaJl.H y Hac TpaAH:gHeM BoeHHoro BpeMeHH.
Pa3rpOM HeMgeB nOA KYPCKOM HMeJl. peIIlaw-
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COlOsa. B8A. S.c, CTp. 114.
, :I Talll .lEe, CTp. 81.
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YBepeHHOCTb, qTO KpacHaH ApMMH, BbInOJl.HHB-
IllaH CBOM naTpHoTHqecKHM AO.1\r no OCB060LK-
AeHHlO OTqH3HbI OT Bpara, AO KOHga BbInOAHHT
CBOW HCTOpHqeCKYW MHCCHW, A06beT q>aIIlH-
CTCKoro 3BepH. B ero c06CTBeHHOM Jl.OrOBe H
BOAPY3HT HaA EepAHHOM 3HaMH n06eAW.
C orpOMHbIM BooAymeBAeHHeM BCTpeTHA co-
---
BeTcKHM HapoA Ha <ppOHTe H B TbI.II.Y CTaJl.HHcKYIO
214

ogeHKY npoMAeHHoro CTpaHOH H apMHeH IIYTH
H CTaAHHCKoe HanYTCTBHe: Ha BepJl.HH!
HaqaAOCb peIIlalOI}Jee HacTynJ\.eHHe COBeTCKHX
BOMcK Ha AorOBO <}>aIIlHCTCKoro 3BepH. COBeTCKaH
ApMHH B KOpOTKHH CpOK oCB060AHJl.a OT HeMgeB
CTOAHgy nOJl.bIIlH - Ba pIIlaBY, IIpOABHHY J\aCb
B rJl.y6b BOCToqHOM npYCCHH. HaCTYIIAeHHe
COBeTCKHX BOMcK pa3BepHY AOCb no BceMY
q>pOHTY.
B HaqaAe q>eBpaJl.H 1945 rOAa B KpblMY COCT05l-
Jl.aCb KOHq>epeHgHH PYKoBoAHTeAeH Tpex COI03-
HbIX AepmaB-CCCP, CiliA H BeAHK06pHTaHHH.
Ha KOHq>epeHgHH 6bIAH npHHHTbI BamHeHlliHe
BoeHHbIe H nOJ\.HTHqeCKHe peIIleHHH no BonpocaM,
CBH3aHHWM C pa3rpOMOM repMaHHH H ee nocJ\.
BoeHHbIM 1I0AOmeHHeM, a TaKme peIIleHHH 06
OCHOBHbIX nOAHTHqeCKHX H a KOHOMuqeCKHX
np06AeMax oCB060mAeHHOH EBponbI. BbIJl.H corJl.a-
COBaHbI H AeTaAbHO cnAaHHpoBaHbI CpOKH, pa3-
MepbI H KoopAHHagHH HOBbIX MOIgHbIX YAapoB
no repMaHHH COlO3HbIMH apMHHMH C BOCTOKa,
3anaAa, ceBepa H IOra. Ha aToM me KOHq>epeH-
MHH 6bIJI. npeApeIIleH Bonpoc 0 BCTynJ\.eHHH
CCCP B BOHHY C 51noHHeH.
B 06cTaHoBKe BbI)taIOIgHxcH HCTOpHqeCKHX
n06eA OTMeqaAa COBeTcKaH CTpaHa 27-10 1'0-
AOBIgHHY CYIgeCTBOBaHHH KpacHoH ApMHH.' 3a
16.
215

40 AHeM HacTynJl.eHHH B HHBape-q>eBpaJl.e
1945 rOAa COBeTCKHe BOMcKa CTpeMHTeJl.bHbIMH
H YMeAbIMH AeHcTBHHMH oT6poCHJl.H Bpara AaAeKO
Ha 3anaA, nOAHOCTblO oCBo60AHJ\.H nOJl.blllY H
3HaqHTeJl.bHYlO qaCTb 4exocAoBaKHH, 3aXBaTHJl.H
60AblllYlO qaCTb BOCToqHOM npYCCHH H HeMegKoH
CHJl.e3HH. nOA HaTHCKOM COBeTCKHX BOMcK BbIIII.I\.a
H3 BOMHbI BeHrpHH - nOC.I\.eAHHM COlO3HHK r ep-
MaHHH B EBpone.
Y cneXH 3HMHero HacTynAeHHH KpacHoH ApMHH
6bIJl.1f OTMeqeHbI TOBapHI}JeM CTaJ\HHbIM B ero
npHKa3e 23 q>eBpaAH 1945roAa: "nOAHaH n06eAa
HaA HeMgaMH Tenepb yme 6.1\.H3Ka" 1, - rOBOpM.I\.
CTaJ\.HH.
TOBapHI}J CTaJl.HH YKa3aA, qTO KpaCHaH Ap-
MHH HayqHJl.aCb rpoMHTb H YHHtITOmaTb Bpara
no BceM npaBHAaM COBpeMeHHoH BoeHHoM HaYKH.
"r eHepaAbI H ocpHMepbI KpacHoM ApMHH Ma-
cTepcKH COqeTalOT MaccHpoBaHHbIe Y AapbI MO-
ryqeH TeXHHKH C HCKYCHbIM H cTpeMHTeAbHbIM
MaHeBpOM" 2.
BbInOJl.HHH CTaAHHCKHM cTpaTerHqecKHM nJl.aH,
KpacHaH ApMHH. 3aXBaTHAa BamHeHIIIHe nJl.ag-
-.
1 H. Cma.llun. 0 BeJl.HKOH OTCqCCTBCHHOH BOHHe COBCTCICOro
Corosa, HSA. S-c, CTp. 180.
2 TaM a:e, CTp. 179.
216

AapMbl HeMegKo-q>aIIlHCTCKHX BOHcK Ha lOre,
OBJl.aAeB cToJl.HgeM ABcTpHH - BeHoM, . pa3rpo-
MHJl.a OTpe3aHHYlO BOCTOqHO-npYCCKYIO rpynnH-
POBKY HeMgeB, 3aXBaTHAa mH3HeHHO Bam.HbIM
AAH r epMaHHH CHAe3cKHM npoMbIIIIAeHHbIM
paMoH H BblIIlJl.a Ha nOAcTynbl K 6epAHHY.
8THM 6bIAH c03AaHbI YCAOBHH AJl.H nocJl.eA-
Hero peIII HTeAbHoro llITypMa rHT Jl.epOBCKoH
repMaHHH.
npH3bIB TOBapHIga CTaAHHa "BoAPY3HTb HaA
6epAHHOM 3HaMH n06eAbI" 1 BAOXHOBHJI. COBeT-
CKHX AlOAeM Ha HOBbIe nOABHrH B TPY Ae H Ha
nOJl.HX cpa2KeHMM.
HaKaHYHe II1TypMa I3epAMHa 11. B. CTaAHH
no ynoAHOMOqHIO npaBHTeJl.bCTBa COlO3a CCP
nOAnHCbIBaeT 40rOBOp 0 APym6e, B3aHMHOH
nOMOI!!,H H nOCJ\.eBoeHHOM COTPy AHHqeCTBe Me-
mAY CCCP H nOAbcKoM pecny6AHKoH. B pe-
qH, npoH3HeceHHoH 21 anpeAH 1945 rOAa
npH nOAnHcaHHH 40roBopa, TOBapHlg CTaJl.HH
CKa3aJ\.:
"CB060AOAI06HBbIe HagHH H npemAe Bcero
CJl.aBHHCKHe HagHH C HeTepneHHeM omHAalOT
3aKAIOqeHHH aToro 4oroBopa, H60 OHH BHAHT,
1 H. Cma.llult. 0 BCJl.HKOH OTCqCCTBCHHOH BOHHe COBCTcKoro
COJOB8, HBA. S-c, CTp. 168.
217

qTO aTOT )LoroBop 03HaqaeT YKpenJl.eHHe eAHHoro
q>pOHTa 06'be.llHHeHHbIX HagHM npOTHB 06I}Jero
Bpara B EBpone" 1.
2 MaH 1945 rOAa paAHO pa3HeCJl.0 no BceMY
MHPY CJl.OBa npHKa3a BepxoBHoro r Jl.aBHOKOMaH-
AYWI}Jero no BOMcKaM KpacHoM ApMHH H
BoeHHo-MopcKoro <PJl.OTa: COBeTcKHe BOMcKa
"saBepIIlHJl.H pa3rpOM 6epAHHcKOH rpynnbI
HeMegKHx BOMcK H cerOAHH, 2 MaH, nOAHOCTblO
OBAaAeAH cToAHgeM r epMaHHH ropO.llOM 6epJl.HH-
geHTpoM HeMegKoro HMnepHaAH3Ma H OqarOM
HeMegKoM arpeCCHH" 2. Kpacl-\.aH ApMHH BbInOJl.-
HHJl.a cTaAHHcKHM npH3bIB: 3HaMH f106e.llbI B3BH-
Jl.OCb Ha.ll EepAHHoM!
CY.llb6a rHT AepoBcKoM r epMaHHH 6bIJl.a peIIleHa.
8 MaH 1945 rO.lla npe.llCTaBHTeAHMH repMaHcKoro
BepXOBHoro KOMaHAOBaHHH 6NA nOAITHCaH B
6epAHHe aKT 0 6e30rOBOpOqHOH KanHTY AHgHH
repMaHCKHX BOOpymeHHbIX CA. B 03HaMeHOBaHHe
rr06eAoHocHoro 3aBepIIleHHH BeAHKoM OTeqeCT-
BeHHOH BOMHbI COBeTCKoro HapOAa, YBeHqaBIIIeMCH
,nOJ\.HbIM pa3rpOMOM rHT AepoBcKoM r epMaHHH,
9 MaH 06'bHBAeHO AHeM BceHapoAHoro TopmeCTBa,
rrpa3AHHKOM f106eAbI.
1 H. Cma.ll.un. 0 BeJlHKOH OTeqeCTBeHHoH BOHBe COBeTcRoro
Corosa, ESA. 5-e, CTp. 184.
2 nDpaBAa" J'(g 106, 3 MaR 1945 r.
218

B aTOT HCTopHqecKHM AeHb HOCHq> BHcca-
pHOHOBHq CTaAHH BbIcTynHJI. no paAHO C o6pa-
rgeHHeM K HapoAY.
"TOBapHI}JH! COOTeqeCTBeHHHKH H cOOTeqe-
CTBeHHHgbI!
HacTynHA BeJl.HKHM AeHb n06eAbi HaA, r epMa-
HHeM. (f)aIIlHcTcKaH r epMaHHH, nOCTaBJ\.eHHaH
Ha KOJ\.eHH KpacHoM ApMHeH H BOMcKaMH
HaIIlHX COI03HHKOB, npH3HaAa ce6H n06em-
AeHHOH Ii 06'bHBHAa 6e30rOBOpOqHYlO KanHTY-
AHgHW::.
... Tenepb MbI MomeM C nOJl.HbIM OCHOBaHHeM
3aHBHTb, qTO HacTynHJI. HCTopHqecKHM AeHb
OKOHqaTeJ\.bHoro pa3rpOMa repMaHHH, AeHb Be-
Jl.HKOM n06eA,bl HaIIlero HapoAa HaA repMaH-
CKHM HMnepHaAH3MOM...
... C n06eAoH Bac, MOH Aoporne cOOTeqeCT-
.BeHHHKH H COOTeqeCTBeHHHgbI!" 1 .
COBeTcKHM HapoA TopmeCTBOBaJl. n06eA,Y. Bce
MbICJ\.H, Bce qYBcTBa COBeTCKHX Jl.wA,eH 6bIJ\.H
06paIgcHbI K TOMY, KTO BeA HaIIlY cTpaHY qepe3
TPY AHOCTH H HcnbITaHHH BOMHbI, KTO cnac cTpaHY
OT rH6eAH, qeM reHHM YKa3aJl. nYTb K n06eAe,
qbH BOJl.H npHBeAa cTpaHY K n06eAe, - K
Be.1\HKOMY CTaAHHY!
1 11. Cma.ll.UIl. 0 BE'Jl.HROi1 OTeqeCTBeHHOH BOHKe COBeTCRoro
COlOsa, HSA. 5-e, CTp. 192-194.
219

60AbwOH 3aCJI. yroM TOB. CTaJ\.HHa nepeA Po-
AHHOH cAeAyeT CqHTaTb TOT q>aKT, qTO OH cy-
MeJl. 3a BpeMH OTeqeCTBeHHOH BOHHbI lIoA06paTb,
BOCIIHTaTb H BbIABHHYTb Ha OTBeTCTBeHHbIe 1I0CTbI
HOBble PYKOBOAHIgHe BoeHHbIe KaApbI, BbIHecnme
Ha CBOHX IIAeQaX BCIO THmeCTb BOMHbI C r ep-
MaHHeM H ee COI03HHKaMH. TaKOBbI: EYAraHHH,
BaCHAeBCKHM, KOHeB, r OBOpOB, iKYKOB, BaTYTHH,
4epHHXOBCKHH, AHTOHOB, COKOJl.OBCKHH, Mepeg-
KOB, POKOCCOBCKHH, MaJl.HHoBCKHM, BOPOHOB,
TOA6YXHH, 51KoBAeB, MaJl.HHHH, raJl.HgKHH, Tpo-
q>HMeHKO, rOp6aTOB, WTeMeHKO, KypacoB, Bep-
WHHHH, r OAOBaHOB, (f)eAopeHKO, PbI6aAKO, Eor-
AaHOB, KaTYKOB, AeAIOIIIeHKO H MHorHe ApyrHe.
24 MaH OpaBHTeAbcTBo COlO3a CCP YCTpOHJl.O
B KpeMAe npHeM B qeCTb KOMaHAywIgHX
BOMcKaMH KpacHoH ApMHH- nOAKoBoAgeB CTa-
Jl.HHCKOM mKOJl.bI.
T OBapHIg CTaJl.HH BbIcTynHJI. Ha npHcMe C
peqbW 0 3acAyrax COBeTCKoro HapOAa B OTe-
qeCTBeHHoij BOMHe, H npemAe Bcero pYCCKoro
HapOAa, KaK HaH60Jl.ee BbIAalOIgeMcH HagHH H3
Bcex HagHH, BXOARI}JHX B COCTaB COBeTcKoro
COI03a. PYCCKHH HapOA, CKa3aJl. TOBapHIg CTaJl.HH,
3acJl.ymHA B STOM BOMHe 06Igee npH3HaHHe, KaK
PYKoBOAHIgeH CHAbI COBeTcKoro Cow3a cpeAH
HapoAOB HaIIleM CTpaHbI. TOBapHIg CTaJl.HH npo-
220

B03rJl.aCHA 3ApaBHgy B qeCTb PYCCKoro HapOAa
He TOJl.bKO nOTOMY, qTO OH PYKOBOAHI}JHH Ha-
pOA, HO H nOToMY, qTO Y Hero HMeeTCH HCHbIH YM,
cTOMKHM xapaKTep HOTCYTcTBHe ToponAHBocTH,
pa3YMHoe TepneHHe. 6e3rpaHHqHOe AOBepHe PYC-
CKoro HapOAa COBeTcKoMY npaBHTeJl.bCTBY, Bepa
B npaBHAbHoCTb ero nOAHTHKH H BceMepHaH nOA-
AepmKa PYCCKHM HapOAOM COBeTcKoro npaBH-
TeAbCTBa H 60Jl.bIIleBHCTcKOM napTHH, . CKa3aJl.
TOBapH,!! CTaAHH, OKa3aAHCb "TOM pellIalOI}JeH CH-
AOH, KOTopaH 06eCneqH.1\a HCTOpHqecKYIO n06eAY
HaA BparoM qeJ\.oBeqeCTBa, - HaA q>allIH3MOM" 1.
no npHKa3Y BepxoBHoro r AaBHOKOMaHAYIo-
,!!ero TOBapHI}Ja CTaJl.HHa 24 HIOHH 1945 roAa
B MocKBe Ha KpacHoM nJl.o,!!aAH COCTOHJ\.CH
napaA BOHCK AeMcTBYIOI}JeH apMHH, BoeHHo-
MOpCKoro <PJl.OTa H MocKoBcKoro rapHH30Ha-
napaA n06eAbl. CWAa, Ha KpacHYw nAo'!!aAb,
npHHeCJl.a COBeTcKaH ApMHH 3HaMeHa pa36H-
TbIX H yHHqTOmeHHbIX elO HeMegKo-q>aIIlHcTcKHX
apMHH H AHBH3HM. 8TH 3HaMeHa 6bIJl.H 6pollIeHbI
K HoraM n06eAHBllIero COBeTCKoro HapoAa, K
nOAHomHw AeHHHcKoro MaB30Jl.eH, Ha TpH6YHe
KOToporo CTOHJI. BeAHKHM nOJl.KoBoAeg - CTaJl.HH.
1 H. Cma./l.un. 0 BeJ\HKOH OTeqeCTBeHHoH BOHHe COBeTclwro
COIosa, BSA. S-e, CTp. 197. .
221

BbIpaaiaH BOAIO Bcero COBeTCKoro HapoAa,
npe3HAHYM BepxoBHoro COBeTa CCCP 26 HIOHH
1945 rOAa 3a HCKJl.WqHTe.1\bHbIe 3aCJl.yrH B op-
raHH3agHH Bcex Boopym.eHHbIx CHJI. COBeTcKoro
COlO3a H YMe.1\Oe PYKOBOACTBO HMH B Be.1\HKOH
OTeqeCTBeHHoM BOHHe, 3aKOHqHBIIIeMCH nOAHoM
n06eAoH HaA rHT Jl.epoBcKoM r epMaHHeM, Harpa-
AHJI. MapruaJl.a COBeTcKoro COlO3a l1ocHq>a
BHccapHOHOBHqa CTaJl.HHa BTOpbIM opAeHOM
"n06eAa" .
B03r AaBHBIIIeMY KpacHYw ApMHW B THm.eJl.bIe
AHH 3aI}JHTbl HaIIleM POAHHbI H ee CTOAHgbI
MOCKBbI, C HCKAWqHTeAbHbIM MymecTBoM H pe-
II1HTeJl.bHOCTblO PYKOBoAHBIIIeMY 60pb60M C rHT-
Jl.epOBCKoH repMaHHeM, MapIIlaAY COBeTcKoro
COlO3a HOCHq>y BHccapHoHoBHqy CTa.ll.HHY 6bIJ\O
npHCBoeH03BaHHe r epOH COBeTcKoro Cow3a
C BpyqeHHeM opAeHa AeHHHa H MeAaJl.H ,,30-
Jl.OTaH 3Be3Aa".
. 27 HWHR 1945 rOAa BepxoBHoMY r Jl.aBHO-
KOMaHAYWI,geMY BceMH BoopymeHHbIMH CHJl.aMH
CCCP CTa.i\HHY HOCHq>y BHccapHOHOBHqy npH-
CBoeHO BbIcmee BOHHCKoe 3BaHHe - r eHepaAHC-
CHMYC COBeTcKoro Cow3a.
16 HWJl.H 1945 roAa H. B. CTaJ\.HH npH6bIA
B EepAHH, rAe C 17 HIOAH no 2 aBrycTa npo-
HCXOAHJl.a KOHq>epeHgHH TpeX AepmaB - CCCP,
222

CiliA H BeJ\.HK06pHTaHHH. EepJl.HHCKaH KOH-
<l>epeHgHH npHHHJl.a BaLKHbIe peIIleHHH, Hanpas-
AeHHbIe Ha 3aKpenJ\.eHHe AOCTHrHYTOH n06eAbI,
B TOM qHCJl.e peIIleHHH 0 r epMaHHH, 06 ABCTpHH
H nOJ\.bIIle.
n06eAHo 3aBepIIlHB BOHHY npOTHB ruT Jl.epoB-o
CKOM r epMaHHH, COBeTCKaH CTpaHa npHcTymfJI.a
K HanpHmeHHOMY TPY /l.y no BOCCTaHOBAeHHlQ
pa3pYIIIeHHoro HeMegKHMH 3aXBaHKaMH XO-
3HMcTBa, no CTpOHTeJ\.bCTBY HOBbIX q>a6pHK H
3aBOAOB.
Ho COBeTCKaH CTpaHa He MOl' Aa CqHTaTb
CBOIO 6e30naCHOCTb 06ecneqeHHOM, nOKa cYl}Je-
CTBOBaJ\. eI}Je BTOpOM oqar BOHHbI-HMnepHa-
AHCTHqeCKaH 51noHHH, OTKJ\.OHHBIIIaH Tpe60BaHHH
CiliA, BeJl.HK06pHTaHHH H KHTaH 0 6e30roBo-
POqHOH KanHTYJl.HgHH. COlO3HHKH 06paTHJl.HCb
K COBeTcKoMY npaBHTeAbCTBY C npe/l.J\.omeHMeM
BKAlOqHTbCH B BOMHY npOTHB HnOHCKOH arpec-
CHH. BepHoe CBoeMY COW3HHqeCKOMY AOJ\.ry,
COBeTcKoe npaBHTeAbCTBO npHHHAO aTO npe/l.-
AomeHHe COlO3HHKOB H 06'bHBHJ\.0 COCTOHHHe
BOHHbI C 51noHHeM.
COBeTCKHH HapoA OA06pHJI. H nO/l.AepLKaJl.
STO pellIeHHe, KaK eAHHCTBeHHO npaBHAbHbIM
mar, cnoc06HhIM 06eCneqHTb HameM cTpaHe
6e30naCHOCTb He TOJl.bKO Ha 3anaAe, HO H Ha
223

BOCTOKe, COKpaTHTb CpOKH OKOHqaHHH BOMHbl
H cOAeMcTBoBaTb CKopeMIIIeMY BOCCTaHOBAeHHIO
Bce06I,gero MHpa.
YTpOM 9 aBrYCTa 1945 rOAa COBeTCKHe
BOMcKa, Kopa6J1.H H qaCTH THxooKeaHcKoro q>Jl.OTa
HaqaJl.H 60eBwe AeHcTBHH npOTHB HnOHCKHX
BOMcK Ha 4aJl.bHeM BocToKe.
KBaHTYHcKaH apMHH HIIoHgeB, nocJl.e OTqaHH-
HbIX, HO 6e3ycneIIlHbIx KOHTpaTaK, BblHymAeHa
6bIJl.a npeKpaTHTb COIIpOTHBAeHHe, CAomHAa
opymHe H CAaJl.aCb COBeTCKHM BOMcKaM B IIJl.eH.
COBeTcKaH ApMHH oCB060AHAa OT HnOHgeB
MaHqmYPHw, IOmHbIH CaXaJl.HH, CeBepHYw
Kopew H KypHJl.bCKHe OCTpOBa.
BCTynJl.eHHe COBeTcKoro COlO3a B BOMHY
npOTHB }lnoHHH, CTpeMHTeJl.bHOe HacTynAeHHe
qaCTeM COBeTcKoM ApMHH H pa3rpOM HMH 3Ha-
qHTeAbHOH MaCCbI HIIOHCKHX BOMCK BbIHYAHAJf
}lnoHHIO KaIIHTYJl.HpOBaTb. 2 ceHTH6pH 1945roAa
rOCYAapCTBeHHwe H BoeHHNe npeACTaBHTeJl.H
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POqHOH KanHTY Jl.HgHH.
B AeHb n06eAbI HaA .HnoHHeH TOBapHI}J CTaJl.HH
BbICTYIIHA no paAHO. PaAocTHYW BeCTb C006I,gHJI.
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3a60TY 0 pOCTe H np0!JBeTaHHH cogHaAHCTHqe-
CKOH ,lJ,epmaBbI.
CTaJl.HH BAOXHOBHA COBeTCKHH HapoA Ha OTnop
Bpary, CTaAHH npHBeJl. cOBeTcKHM HapoA K
n06eAe.
PYKOBOAH BoeHHbIMH AeHCTBHHMH COBeTCKHX
BOOpymeHHbIX CHA H X03HHCTBeHHo-opraHH3a-
TOpCKOM pa60ToM B TbIAY, TOBapHlg CTaJl.HH
B nepHoA BOMHbI npOAOJl.maA orpOMHYW Teo-
peTHqeCKYIO AeHTeAbHOCTb, pa3pa6aTbIBaJl. H
ABHraA BnepeA MapKCHCTCKO-AeHHHCKYIO HaYKY.
1 H. Cma.ll.un. 0 BeJl.HKOH OTe'leCTBeHHoH BOHHe _ COBeTcKoro
CoroBa, HBA. 5-e, CTp. 206.
225

B BbIcTynJ\.eHHHX H npHKa3aX TOBapHIga
CTaAHHa, COCTaBHBIIIHX KHHry ,,0 Be.1\HKoM OTe-
qeCTBeHHOH BOMHe COBeTCKOI'O COI03a", nOAY-
qHJl.H AaJl.bHeHIIIee pa3BHTHe COBeTCKaH BoeHHaH
HaYKa, TeopHH 0 COBeTCKOM cogHaJl.HcTeCKOM
rocy AapCTBe, ero q>YHKgHHX H HCTOqHHKaX ero
CHJ\.bI. TOBapHI}J CTaJl.HH 0606I}JHJI. onblT AeHTeJl.b-
HOCTH COBeTCKoro rocy AapCTBa B YCJl.OBHHX BOHHbI
H YKa3aJl. nYTH AaAbHeMIIIero YKpenJ\.eHHH aKOHO-
MHqeCKOM H BoeHHoH MOI}JH COBeTcKoM AepmaBbI.
B AOK.II.aAe 0 26-M roAoBI}JHHe BeJl.HKoM
OKTH6pbcKoM cogHaAHCTHqeCKoM peBoJl.wgHH
TOBapHIg CTaAHH nOKa3aJ\. BeAHKoe 3HaqeHHe
napTHH 60J\.bIIleBHKoB, COBeTCKoro CTpOH, Apym-
6N HapoAoB COBeTcKoro COlO3a H naTpHoTH3Ma
COBeTCKHX Jl.IOAeM AJ\.H AeJ\.a n06eAbI HaA cpa-
II1HCTCKHMH 3aXBaHKaMH.
"B AHH OTeqeCTBeHHoH BOMHbI napTHH npeA-
CTaAa nepeA HaMH, KaK BAOxHOBHTeJl.b H opraHH-
3aTop BceHapoAHoM 60pb6bI npoTHB q>aIIlHcTcKHX
3aXBaTqHKOB. OpraHH3aTopcKaH pa60Ta napTHH
coeAHHHAa. BoeAHHo H HanpaBH.II.a K 06I}JeH ge.ll.H
Bce YCHJ\.HH COBeTCKHX .II. lOA eM, nOAqHHHB Bce
HaIIlH CHAbl H cpeACTaa AeJl.Y pa3rpoMa Bpara.
3a BpeMH BOMHbI na pTHH eI}Je 60Aee CPOARH-
Jl.aCb C HapoAoM, eI}Je TeCHee CBH3aAaCb C IlIH-
pOKHMH MaccaMH TPY AHI}JHXCH.
226
..

B 9TOM HCTOqHHK CHAbI HaIIlero rocy Aap-
CTBa" 1.
HCTOqHHKOM CHJ\.bI COBeTCKoro COlO3a HBAHeT-
CH cOBeTcKHM cogHaJl.HCTHqeCKHH CTpOM.
"YpOKH BOMHbI rOBopHT 0 TOM, qTO COBeTcKHM
CTpOM OKa3aACH He TOJ\.bKO Jl.yqrneM q>opMon
opraHH3agHH 9KOHOMHqeCKoro H KY AbTypHoro
nOA'beMa CTpaHbl B rOAbI MHpHOro CTpOHTeJl.b-
CTBa, HO H Jl.yqmeH q>OpMOM Mo6HJl.H3agHH
Bcex CHA HapOAa Ha OTnop Bpary B BoeHHoe
BpeMH" 2.
"CogHaAHCTW-IeCKHH cTpOM, nOpOmAeHHbIM
OKTH6pbCKOH peBoAwgHeM, AaA HaIIleMY HapOAY
H HaIIleM apMHH BeAHKYIO H Henpeo60pHMYw
CHAY" 3.
. BOMHa HBHAaCb CypOBbIM HcnbITaHHeM Bcex
MaTepHaAbHbIX H AYXOBHbIX CMJI. COBeTcKoro
rocy AapCTBa, npoBepKoH ero npOqHOCTH H mH3-
Hecnoc06HoCTH. COBeTcKoe cogHaJ\.HcTHqeCKOe
rocy AapCTBO C qeCTbW BbIAepmaJl.O HcnbITaHHe
H BbIIIIAO H3 BOMHbI eI}Je 6oJl.ee oKpenIIlHM,
CHAbHbIM H npOqHbIM, KaK aTO H npeABHAeJl.
TOBapHI,Y CTaJl.HH.
1 H. Cma.ll.lIn. 0 BCJ\HKOH OTCqCCTBeHHoM BOHRe COBcTcKoro
Corosa, HSA. 5-c, CTp. 119.
2 TaM mc, CTp. 120.
3 TaM me, CTp. 158-159.
227

HOBbIe BbIBO;1l;bI H 0606IgeHHH TOBapHIg CTaJl.HH
C;1I;eAaA 0 3HaqeHHH aKOHOMHKH COBeTCKoro 1'0-
cy AapCTBa. OnbIT BOMHbI,! rOBOpHJI. TOBapHI}J
CTaAHH, nOKa3aA, lITO "aKOHOMHqeCKaH OCHOBa
COBeTCKoro rOCYAapCTBa OKa3aJ\.aCb HecpaBHeH-
HO 60Aee mH3Hecnoc06HoM, qeM aKOHOMHKa Bpa-
meCKHX rOCYAapCTB" 1.
B TO BpeMH KaK aKOHOMHKa BpameCKHX CTpaH
B xOAe BOMHbI npHXO;1l;HAa B yna;1l;OK, COBeTCKHH
COlO3 r A06HJl.CH B03MomHOCTH He TOJ\.bKO B AO-
CTaTOqHOM KOJl.HqeCTBe cHa6maTb BoopymeHHeM
H 60enpHnacaMH q>POHT, HO H HaKonAHTb pe-
3epBbI. B TeqeHHe nocAe;1l;HHX Tpex Jl.eT BOHHbI
COBeTCKaH TaHKOBaH npOMblIIlJl.eHHOCTb npoH3-
BOAHJ\.a emeroAHo B cpeAHeM 60Jl.ee 30 TbICHq
TaHKOB, call40XO;1l;OB H 6poHeMallIHH; aBHagHoH-
HaH npoMbIllIAeHHocTb -;11;0 40 TbICHq CaMOJl.eTOB;
apTHA.1\epHMCKaH npOMblllIJl.eHHOCTb - AO 120 TbI-
CHq opy AHM Bcex KaJl.H6pOB, ;11;0 450 TbICHq pyq-
HbIX H CTaHKOBblX ny Jl.eMeTOB, CBblllIe 3 MHAJ\.HO-
HOB BHHTOBOK H OKOAO 2 MHAJ\.HOHOB aBTOMaTOB;
MHHOMeTHaH npoMbIllIAeHHocTb - AO 100 TbICHq
MHHOMeTOB. no KaqeCTBY COBeTCKoe BoopymeHHe
He TO.ll.bKO He YCTynaAo HeMegKOMY, HO H npe-
BOCXO;1l;HAO ero.
1 H. Cma.ll.un. 0 BC.IlHKOH OTCqCCTBCHHOH BOHHe COBcTclwro
COlO9a, H94. S-c, CTp. 158.
228

OgeHHBaH 3HaqeHHe 60pb6bI COBeTCKHX J\W-
AeH npOTHB HeMegKo-q>allIHCTCKHX 3aXBaTqHKOB,
TOBapHIg CTaAHH CAeJ\.aA BamHeMllIHM BbIBOA
o BeAHKOM HCTOpHqeCKOH 3acAyre COBeTCKoro
HapO,ll;a nepeA HCTopHeM qeJ\.OBeqeCTBa: "Co-
BeTcKHM Hapo,ll; cBoeM caMooTBepmeHHoM 6opb6oM
cnac gHBHAH3agHIO EBponbI OT q>aIIlHCTCKHX
norpOMIgHKOB" 1.
TOBapmg CTaAHH ogeHHA cOBeTcKHM HapOA,
KaK repOHqeCKHM Hapo,ll;, cnoc06HbIH TBDPHTb
- qy Aeca H BbIXOAHTb n06e,ll;HTeJl.eM H3 caMbIX
THmeJl.bIX HcnbITaHHM.
OAHHM 113 I' AaBHbIX HCTOqHHKOB CHJ\.bl Co-
BeTCKoro COI03a, rOBopHA TOBapHI}J CTaJl.I1H,
HBAHeTCH APym6a HapoAOB HaIIleH CTpaHbI, BbI-
,lI;epmaBIIIaH Bce TPY AHOCTH H HcnbITaHHH BOH-
HbI, eI}Je 60Aee 3aKaJl.HBIIIaHCH B 06IgeM 60pb6e
Bcex COBeTCKHX AlO,lI;eM npOTHB q>aIIlHCTCKHX
3aXBaTqHKOB. BeAHKaH H HepYIIIHMaH ,lI;Pym6a
HapoAOB HaIIleM CTpaHbI C03AaJl.aCb Ha npOqHOH
OCHOBe .1\eHHHCKO-CTaAHHCKOM HagHoHaJ\.bHoM
nOJl.HTHKH H HBHAaCb HeBH,lI;aHHbIM B HCTOpHH
qeJl.OBeqeCTBa o6pa3goM cnpaBeAAHBoro peIIle-
HHH HagHoHaAbHoro Bonpoca.
1 H. Cma.ll.un. 0 BCJl.HKOH OTeQCCTBCRHOH BOHRC COBcTCKoro
CoroBa, HBA. S-c, CTp. 162.
17 H. B. CTa""H
229

rHTAepoBCKaH HAeOAOrHH 3BepHHoro HagHo-
HaJl.H3Ma H pacoBoM HeHaBHCTH OKa3aJ\.aCb no-
6emAeHHOM co:eeTcKoM HAeoAorHeM paBHonpaBHH
Bcex pac H HagHH, HAeoAorHeM APym6bI Hapo-
AOB. COBeTcKHM HapoA He TOAbKO OAepmaA
BoeHHYW n aKOHOMHqeCKYIO n06eAY Ha,lJ, rHT Ae-
pOBCKOM r epMaHHeM, HO H HaHeC eM TaK2Ke
MopaJ\.bHo-nOAHTHqeCKOe nopameHHe.
BamHeMllIee 3HaqeHHe HMeeT pa3BHTbIM TO-
:eapHI}JeM CTaJ\.HHbIM Te3HC 0 COBeTCKOM na-
TpnoTH3Me, HBHBweMCH HCTOqHHKOM TPY AOBbIX
nOABHrOB COBeTCKHX AIOAeH B TbIJ\.Y H paTHbIx
nOABHrOB COBeTCKHX BOlmOB Ha q>poHTe. "CHAa
COBeTCKoro naTpHoTH3Ma, - rOBopHT TOBapHI!!,
CTaAHH, - COCTOHT B TOM, qTO OH HMeeT CBOe"
oCHoBOM He paCOBbIe H.1\H HagHoHaAHCTHqeCKHe
npeApaccYAKH, a rJl.y60KYIO npeAaHHOCTb H
BepHOCTb HapOAa CBoeM COBeTcKoM POAHHe,
6paTCKoe cOApymecTBo TPy AHIgHXCH Bcex Ha-
g"H HaIIleM CTpaHbI. B COBeTCKOM naTpHOTH3Me
rapMOHHqeCKH COqeTalOTCH HagHoHaAbHbIe Tpa-
AHgHH HapoAOB H 06I,gHe 2KH3HeHHbIe HHTepeCbl
Bcex TpYAHI}JHXCH COBeTCKoro COI03a... B TO
me BpeMH HapoAbI CCCP YBamalOT npaBa H
He3aBHCHMOCTb HapoAOB 3apy6emHwx CTpaH
H Bcer Aa npOHBMIJl.H rOToBHoCTb mHTb B MHpe
H APym6e C coceAHHMH rocy AapCTBaMH. B aTOM
230

HaAO BHAeTb OCHOBY paCTYIgHX H KpenHYIgHX
cBH3eM HaIIlero rocy AapCTBa co CB060AO.1\106H-
BblMH HapoAaMH" 1.
T OBapHIg CTaJ\.HH pa3BHJ\. AaAbIIle nepeAOBYW
COBeTCKYW BoeHHYIO HaYKY. TOBapHIg CTaJl.HH
pa3pa60TaJl. nOAomeHHe 0 nOCTOHHHO AeMCTBY-
WI}JHX q>aKTopax, pemaWIgHX cy Ab6y BOMHbI,
06 aKTHBHOH 060poHe H 3aKOHax KOHTpHacTyn-
AeHHH H HacTynAeHHH, 0 B3aHMoAeMcTBHH po-
AOB BOMcK H 60eBoM TeXHHKH B cOBpeMeHHbIX
YCJ\.OBHHX BOMHbI, 0 pOAH 60J\bIIlHX Macc TaHKOB
H aBHagHH B cOBpeMeHHoM BOMHe, 06 apTHJ\.-
Jl.epHH, KaK caMOM MoryqeM pOAe BOMcK. Ha
pa3HbIx aTanax BOMHbl cTaJ\.HHcKHM reHHH Ha-
XOAHJ\. npaBHAbHbIe peIIleHHH, nOJ\.HOCTbW yqH-
TbIBawIgHe oc06eHHocTH 06cTaHoBKH.
CTaJ\.HHcKoe BoeHHoe HCKYCCTBO npoHBHAOCb
KaK B 060poHe, TaK H B HacTynJ\.eHHH. no YKa-
3aHHIO TOBapHIga CTa.ll.HHa aKTHBHaH 060poHa
COBeTcKHX BOMCK COqeTaJl.aCb C nOArOToBKoH
KOHTpHacTynJl.eHHH. HacTynJ\.eHHe COqeTaAOCb C
. npOqHOH 060poHOM. T OBapHIg CTaAHH IvtaCTep-
CKH_ pa3pa60TaJl. H npHMeHHJ\. HOBYW TaKTHKY
MaHeapHpOBaHHH, TaKTHKY OAHOBpeMeHHoro
npopbIBa q>poHTa npoTHBHHKa Ha HecKoAbKHX
1 H. Cma.llun. 0 BCJl.HKOH OTCQCCTBCHHOH BORHe COBcTCKoro
Corosa, RSA. S-c, CTp. 160-161. -
17-
231

yqaCTKaX, paCCqHTaHHYIO Ha TO, qT06bI He AaTb
npOTHBHHKY c06paTb CBOH pe3epBW B YAapHNR
KY AaK, TaKTHKY pa3HOBpeMeHHoro npopblBa
q>pOHTa npOTHBHHI<a Ha HeCKOAbKHX yqaCTKaX,
Kor Aa qAHH npopbIB HAeT BCJl.eA 3a APyrHM,
paCCqHTaHHYIO Ha TO, qT06bl 3aCTaBHTb npo-
THBHHKa TepHTb BpeMH H CHAbl Ha neperpyn-
nHpOBKH CBOHX BOMCK, TaKTHKY npopblBa q>Jl.aH-
rOB npOTHBHHKa, 3aXOAa B TbIJ\, oKpymeHHH H
YHHqTOmeHHH KpynHbIx BpameCKHX rpynnHpo-
BOK BOMCK. C reHHaJl.bHOM npoHHgaTeAbHOCTblO
pa3raAbIBaA TOBapHIg CTaJ\.HH nJl.aHbI Bpara H
OTpamaJl. HX. B cpameHHHX, B KOTOpbIX TOBapHI}J
CTaJl.HH PYKOBOAHJI. COBeTCKHMH BOMcKaMH, BO-
nJl.OIgeHbl BbIAalOI}JHeCH 06pa3gbI BoeHHoro one-
paTHBHOrO HCKYCCTBa.
TBOpqeCKOe cBoe06pa3He, opHrHHaAbHOCTb
3aMbICAa xapaKTepH3YlOT Bce 60eBbIe onepagHH,
OCYIgeCTBAeHHbIe COBeTCKOM ApMHeH nOA BO-
AHTeAbCTBOM r eHepaAHccHMyca CTaAHHa.
TOBapHIg CTaJl.HH AaA 06pa3gbl HayqHOrO
peIIleHHH BonpOCOB MemAYHapoAHbIX OTHOIIleHHR
H BHeIIlHeR nOJl.HTHKH CCCP B YCAOBHHX BoeH-
Horo H nOCJl.eBOeHHoro BpeMeHH. TOBapHIg
CTaJl.HH pa3BH}\' KOHKpeTHYIO npaKTHqeCKYW
nporpaMMY AeHCTBHM H nOJl.HTHKH B AeJ\.e
opraHH3agHH H BOCC03AaHHH I'ocYAapcTBeH-
232

-:
HOR, aKOHOMHqeCKOM:
eBponeMcKHx Ha pOAOB
lliHCTCKOM r epMaHHeH.
EIge B pa3rape BOMHbI-B 1942 roAY
TOBapHIg CTaAHH cq>OPMYAHpoBaJ\. BamHeHIIIHe
npHHgHnw nporpaMMw AeMcTBHM aHTHrHTA
pOBCKoM KoaAHgHH: YHHqTOmeHHe paCOBOH He-
Kl\.WqHTeAbHOCTH; paBHonpaBHe HagHM H HCnpH-
KOCHOBeHHOCTb HX TeppHTopHH; oCB060mAeHHe
nopa60I}JeHHbIX HagHM II BOCCTaHoBAeHHe HX
CYBcpeHHbIX npaB; npaBO KamAoM HagHH YCTpaH-
BaTbCH no cBoeMY m.eAaHHIO; BOCCTaHOBJl.eHHe
AeMOKpaTHqeCKHX cB060A.
B AOKAaAe 0 27-H roAOBIgHHe BeJl.HKoH
OKTH6pbCKOH cogHaJl.HCTHqeCKOH peBoAlOgHH
TOBapHIg CTaJl.HH rOBopHA: "BbIHrpaTb BOHHY
C repMaHHeM 3HaqHT oCYI}JecTBHTb BeAHKoe
HCTOpHqeCKOe AeJl.O. Ho BblHrpaTb BOMHY eIge
He 3HaqHT 06eCneqHTb HapoAaM npOqHWH MHp
H HaAemHYW 6e30naCHOCTb B 6y AYIgeM. 3aAaqa
COCTOHT He TOAbKO B TOM, qT06bI BblHrpaTb
BOMHY, HO H B TOM, qT06bI CAeJ\.aTb HeB03Mom-
HbIM B03HHKHOBeHHe HOBOR arpeCCHH H HOBOR
BOMHbI, eCAH He HaBcer Aa, TO no KpaMHeM Mepe
B TeqeHHe AJl.HTeJl.bHOrO nepHoAa BpeMeHH" 1.
H KYAbTYPHOH mHHH
nOCAe n06eAbi HaA q>a-
1 H. Cma.ll.UH. 0 BCJl.HKOH OTCqCCTBHHOH BOHRC COBCTCKOro
COI03a, H3A. 5-e, CTp. 165-166.
233

r OBOpH 0 He06xoAHMOCTH 06eCneQeHHH 6e30-
naCHOCTH BO BCeM MHpe H C03AaHHR MemAY-
HapoAHoM opraHH3agHH, TOBapHI}J CTaAHH
npeAynpeAHA, qTO npeAnpHHHMaeMbIe 06'beAH-
HeHHbIMH HagHHMH B aTOM OTHOIIleHHH MepbI
,,6YAYT aq>q>eKTHBHbIMH, eCJl.H BeAHKHe Aepma-
BbI, BbIHeCIIIHe Ha CBOHX nAeqaX rAaBHYIO TH-
meCTb BOHHbI npOTHB I'HT AepOBCKOH r epMaHHH,
6y AYT AeHCTBOBaTb H BnpeAb B Ayxe eAHHOAYIIIHH
l:I cor AaCHH. OHH He 6y AYT aq>q>eKTHBHbIMH, eCAH
6y AeT HapYIIleHO aTO He06xOAHMoe YCAOBMe" 1.
BeJl.HqeCTBeHHYW KapTHHY HCTOpHqeCKHX
no6eA, OAepmaHHbIX COBeTCKMM COlO30M BOTe-
qeCTBeHHOH BOMHe, H rpaHAH03HYW nporpaMMY
AaAbHeMIIIero pa3BHTHH CHA cogHaJl.HCTHqeCKOrO
061!!eCTBa TOBapUI}J CTaJl.HH pa3BepHY JI. B CBOeM
BblcTynAeHHH Ha npeABbI60pHOM c06paHHH
H36HpaTeJl.eM CTaAUHCKoro H36HpaTeAbHoro OK-
pyra ropoAa MOCKBbl 9 q>eBpaJl.H 1946 rOAa.
TOBapHI!! CTaAHH rOBopHA 0 HOBOM, qeTBepTOM
nHTHJl.eTHeM nAaHe pa3BHTHH HapOAHoro X03HM-
CTBa, OCHOBHbIe 3aAaqH KOToporo COCTOHT B
TOM, qT06bI BOCCTaHOBHTb H npeB30MTH AOBO-
eHHbIM ypOBeHb npOMbIIIIJl.eHHOCTH H ceAbCKoro
X03HMcTBa.
1 H. Cma./l.un. 0 BCJ\I:!ROH OTCqeCTBCHHOii BOHHC COBcTcKoro
COlOsa, HSA. S-c, CTp. 168.
234

TOEapHIM CTaJl.HH rOBOpHJI. 0 nAaHax Ha 6y-
AYIMee, 0 HOBOM MOI}JHOM nOA'bCMe HapOAHoro
X03HHCTBa COBeTcKoM CTpaHbI H ee -HaYKH, 0
C03AaHHH YCAOBHH, KOTopbIe rapaHTHpYIOT HaIIlY
POAHHY OT BCHKHX cAyqaMHocTeM, eI}Je H eIge
BbIIlle nOAHHMYT ee aKOHOMHqeCKYIO II BoeHHYW
MOIMb, o6eCrreqaT HOBbIM nOA'beM ee KYAbTypbI,
pOCT 6.1\arOCOCTOHHHH HapoAa.
B q>eBpaAe 1946 roAa COBeTCKHM Ha pOA ila
OCHOBe CTaJl.HHcKoM KOHCTHTygHH npOBeA HO-
BbIe BbI60pbI B BepxoBHblM COBeT CCCP. BbI6o-
pbI HBHAHCb KpaCHOpeqHBbIM H y6e,lJ,HTeAbHeii-
II1HM CBHAeTeJl.bCTBOM npeAaHHOCTH COBeTCKoro
HapOAa napTHH 60J\.bIIleBHKOB, COBeTCKOMY
rrpaBHTeAbCTBY, Jl.106HMOMY CTaJl.HHY. 3a KaHAM-
AaToB 6J1.0Ka KOMMYHHCTOB II 6ecnapTHHHbiX B
CoaeT COW3a rOAOCOBaJl.O 99,18°/0' B COBeT Ha-
!!HOHaAbHocTeM - 99,16°/°'
*
lKH3Hb H AeHTe.1\bHOCTb TOBapHIMa CTaAHHa
Hepa3pbIBHO CBH3aHbI C AeHTeJl.bHOCTblO
B. 11. J\eHHHa, ero yqHTeJl.H H BocnHTaTeJl.H, C
HCTopHeH HaIIleM repoHqecKoM 60J\.bIIleBHcTcKOH
napTHH, C HCTopHeM BeJl.HKOrO COBeTCKoro
HapOAa.
235

LKH3Hb H ,lJ,eHTeAbHOCTb TOBapHI}Ja CTaAHHa
CBH3aHbI, ,lJ,a.1\ee, C MemAYHapO,lJ,HbIM pa60tIHM
ABHmeHHeM H HaYHoHaJl.bHo-ocB060,lJ,HTeAbHoM
60pb60M KOAOHHaAbHWX HapOAOB npOTHB HMne-
pHaJl.HCTMtIeCKOrO rHeTa. nOA PYKOBOACTBOM
IJeAHKHX BomAeM AeHHHa H CTaAHHa pOC H pa3-
BHBaACH KOMMYHHCTHqeCKHH: I1HTepHagHoHaA.
KaK HCTOpHH I HHTepHagHoHaAa Hepa3pbIBHO
CBH3aHa C HMeHaMH Ma pKca H 8HreAbca, TaK
HCTOpHj{ III, KOMMYHHCTHqeCKOrO HHTepHa-
!].HOHaAa CBH3aHa C HMeHaMH AeHHHa H CTaAHHa.
KOMMYHHcTHqecKHM I1HTepHagHoHaA CbIrpaJ\
BamHYIO pO.1\b B AeAe CnAOtIeHHH aBaHrapAa
nepeAOBbIX pa60qHX B nOAJl.HHHO pa60qHe nap-
THH. BbInOAHHB CBOIO HCTOpHqecKYw MHCCHW,
KOMMYHHcTHqecKHM HHTepHaYHoHaA B nepHO,lJ,
BTopoM MHpoBoM BOHHbI npeKpaTHA CBOe CY-
l}JeCTBOBaHHe. B Mae. 1943 roAa npe3HAHYM
HcnoAKoMa KOMHHTepHa BHeC npeAJ\.omeHHe 0
pocnYCKe KOMHHTepHa KaK PYKOBOAHI}Jero !].eHTpa
MemAYHapO,lJ,HOrO pa60qero ABHLKeHHH. CeKgHH
KOMHHTepHa YTBep,lJ,HAH aTO npeAAomeHHe.
B CTaJl.HHe MHJl.AHOHbI pa60qHX Bcex CTpaH
BH,lJ,HT CBoero yqHTeAH, Ha KJ\.aCCHqeCKHX TPY-
Aax KOToporo OHM yqHAHCb H yqaTCH, KaK
HymHo ycneIIlHo 60pOTbCH npOTHB KAaccoBoro
Bpara, KaK HymHo rOTOBHTb YAOBHH KOHetIHOH
235

n06eAbI npOAeTapHaTa. BAHHHHe CTa.1\HHa
aTO BJl.HHHHe BeAHKoM, cAaBHoM cOAbIIleBHcTcKOM
napTHH, B KOTopoM pa60qHe KanHTaAHCTHqe-
CKHX CTpaH BHAHT o6pa3goBYIO napTHlO pa6o-
qero KAacca, AOCTOMHYIO nOApamaHHH. nOA
PYKOBOACTBOM aToM napTliH 6bIA He TOJl.bKO HH.3-
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cogHaJl.I13M B CCCP.
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CAOBO, npOH3HeCeHHOe CTa.1\HHbIM, - aTO CAOBO
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BOM cAeAyeT AeJ\.o. Tpy AHIJJHeCH MaCCbI Bcem
MHpa Ha onbITe n06eAOHoCHOM cogHaAHCTHqe-
CKOM peBOJl.lOgHH, Ha onbITe nOCTpoeHHH cogHa-
J\H3Ma B CCCP H Ha onbITe n06eAbI COBeTcKoro
HapoAa B OTeqeCTBeHHOH BOHHe y6eAHAHCb B
rJl.y6oKoM 2KH3HeHHoM npaBAe AeAa AeHHHa-
CTaAHHa. HbIHe Bce cB060AOAI06HBbIe HapOAbI
BHAHT B C..raAHHe BepHoro H CTOMKoro 3aIgH'r-
HHKa MHpa, 6e30naCHOCTH H AeMOKpaTHqeCKIIX
CB060A.
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napTHH, BeJ\.HKHM CTpaTer cogHaJl.HCTHqeCKOH pe-
BOAlOgHH, PYKOBOAHTeAb COBeTcKoro mCYAap-
CTBa H nOJl.KoBoAeg. HenpHMHpHMOCTb K BparaM
cogHaJ\.H3Ma, r A y60qaMIIIaH npHHgHnHaAbHOCTb,
.237

coqeTaHHe B CBOeR AeHTeAbHOCTH HCHoM pe-
BOAW!JHOHHOH nepcneKTHBbI, HCROCTH geAH C
HCKAWqHTeAbHOM TBePAOCTblO H HacToMqHBO-
CTblO B AOCTHmeHHH geJ\.H, MY APOCTb H KOH-
KpeTHOCTb PYKOBOACTBa, Hepa3pbIBHaH CBH3b
C MaccaMM -.TaKOBbI xapaKTepHble qepTbI CTa-
Jl.HHCKOro CTHAH B pa60Te. nOCAe AeHHHa
HH O,lJ,HOMY Bom.AIO B MHpe He npHxoAHAOCb eIMe
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11. B. C'ra.1\HH YMeeT KaK HHKTO 0606IJJaTb pe-
BOJ\.WWiOHHbIM, TBopqeCKHM onblT Macc, nOAXBa-
TbIBaTb H pa3BHBaTb HX HHMgHaTHBY, yqHTbCH Y
Macc H yqMTb MaCCbI, BeCTH HX BnepeA K n06eAe.
BCH AeHTeAbHOCTb CTaAHHa AaeT HaM oopa-
3eg COqeTaHH.H orpoMHoM TeopeTHqeCKOM MOIgH 
MCKJ\.lOqHTeAbHWM no CBoeMY 06'beMY H pa3Maxy
npaKTHqeCKHM onWToM peBoAlOgHOHHOM 60pb6w.
CTaJl.HH - BMeCTe co CBOHMH 6J1.Hm.aMIIIHMM
copaTHHI<.aMH, HcnbITaHHbIMH Jl.eHHHgaMH, BO
rAaBe BeJ\.HKOH: napTHH 60J\.bIIleBHKOB, PYKOBO-
AHT HeBHAaHHbIM B MCTOpHH MHoroHagMoHaAb-
HbIM cogHaAHCTHqeCKHM rocy AapCTBOM pa60qHX
H KpeCTbHH. Bo Bcex 06J\.aCTHX cogHaAHCTMqe-
CKoro CTpOHTeJl.bCTBa ero YKa3aHHH HBAHIOTCH
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CTaAHHa HCKJ\.lOqHTeAbHo MHororpaHHa; ero
238

aHeprHH nOMCTHHe H3YMHTeJ\.bHa. Kpyr Bonpo-
COB, 3aHHMalOIJJHX BHHMaHHe CTaJ\.HHa, Heo6'bH-
TeH: CAOLKHeMIIIHe BonpOCbI TeopHH MapKCH3Ma-
AeHHHH3Ma - H II1KOAbHble yqe6HMKH A.1\H AeTeM;
np06.1\eMbI BHeIlIHeM nOJ\.HTHKH COBeTCKoro
COlO3a - H nOBceAHeBHaH 3a6oTa 0 6J\.arOYCT-
pOHcTBe npoAeTapcKoM CTOJ\.Hgbl; c03AaHHe Be-
AHKoro ceBepHoro -MopCKoro nYTH - H OCYIIleHHe
60AOT KOAXHAbI; npo6J\.eMbI pa3BHTHH COBeTCKOH
AHTepaTypbI H HCKYCCTBa - H peAaKTHpOBaHHe
YCTaBa KOAX03HOH 2KH3HH H, HaKoHeg, peIIleHHe
CJ\.omHeMIIIHX BonpOCOB TeopHH H npaKTHKH
BoeHHoro HCKYCCTBa.
Bce 3HalOT HenpeOAOAHMYIO cOKPymHTeJ\.bHYIO
CHAY cTa.1\HHcKoM .1\OrHKH, KpHCTa.1\bHYIO HCHOCTb
ero YMa, CTaAbHYIO BO.1\IO, npe,lJ,aHHOCTb napTHH,
rOpHQYIO Bepy B HapoA H AI060Bb K HapO,ll,Y.
BceM H3BeCTHa ero CKpOMHOCTb, npOCTOTa, QYT-
KOCTb K AIO,lJ,HM H 6ecnOlga,lJ,HOCTb K BparaM
HapO,ll,a. BceM H3BeCTHa ero HeTepnHMocTb K
mYMHxe, K q>pa3epaM H 6oJ\.TYHaM, K HbITHKaM
H naHHKepaM. CTaJ\.HH MY,lJ,p, HeToponJ\.HB B
peIIleHHH CJ\.mKHbIX nO.1\HTHqeCKHX BonpOCOB, I
TaM, rAe Tpe6yeTcH BceCTopOHHHH YQeT Bcex
n.1\IOCOB H MHHYCOB. 11 BMeCTe C TeM CTaJ\.HH-
Be.1\HqaMIIIHH MaCTep CMeAbIX peBoJl.lOgHOHHbIX
pemeHHM H KPY'I.'bIX nOBopoTOB.
239

CTaAHH - AOCTOHHbIH npOAOALKa TeAb AeJ\.a
J\eHHHa, HAH, KaK rODOpHT Y HaC B napTHH,
CTaAHH - aTO AemIH cerOAHH.
OTBeqaH opraHH3agHHM H TOBapmgaM, npH-
BeTCTBOBaBllIHM ero B 1929 rOAY B ,lI,eHb SO-AeTHH
co AHH pmKAeHlIH, CTaAHH nHcaA: "BawH no-
3ApaBJ\.eHHH H npHBeTcTBHH OTHOWY Ha C-IeT
BeJ\.HKOH napTHH pa60-Iero KAacca, pOAHBIIIeH
H BocnHTaBIIIeH MeHH no 06pa3Y cBoeMY H no.
A06HIO... MOLKeTe He COMHeBaTbCH, TOBapHIgH,
qTO H rOTOB H BnpeAb oTAaTb AeJ\.Y pa60qero
KJ\.acca,. AeAY npoAeTapcKoM peBoAlOgHH H MH-
pOBoro KOMMYHH3Ma Bce CBOH CHJ\.bI, Bce CBOH
cnoc06HOCTH H, eCAH nOHa,ll,06HTCH, BCIO CBDIO
KpOBb, KanJ\.1O 3a KanJ\.eM" \
. B CTaJ\.HHe HapoAbI CCCP BHAHT BonAOIgeHHe
CBoero repOH3Ma, cBoeM J\.106BH K pOAHHe, CBoero
naTpHOTH3Ma. ,,3a CTaAHHa! 3a POAHHY!"-
C TaKHM A03YHrOM 60HgbI CJ\.aBHOM COBeTcKoM
ApMHH pa.srpOMHJ\.H CBoero 3AeMIIIero, KOBap.
Horo Bpara - q>allIHCTCKYIO r epMaHHIO H BOAPY-
3HAH Ha,ll, 6epAMHOM 3HaMH no6eAW.
,,3a CTaAHHa! 3a POAHHY!" -C TaKHM J\.O.sYH-
rOM 60Hgbl COBeTCKOH ApMMH H BoeHHo-Mop-
CKoro <PAOTa pa3rpOMMAH HMnepHaAHCTHqeCKYIO.
1 nDpaBAa" ::2 302, 22 ACKa6pJl 1929 r.
240

.HnoHHIO H 06e30naCHAH rpaHHgbl COBeTCKOH
AepLKaBbl Ha 4aAbHeM HocToKe.
C HMeHeM CTaAHHa pa60qHH KJ\.acc Co BeT-
CKoro COlO3a COBepllIHA 6ecnpHMepHbIM TPY-
AOBOM nOABHr B BeAHKoM OTeqecTBeHHoM BOMHe,
cHa6AHB KpaCHYIO ApMHIO nepBoKAaccHoM
6oeBoM TexHHKoM H 60enpHnacaMH.
C HMeHeM CTaAHHa KOJ\.X03Hoe KpeCTbHHCTBO
caMOOTBepLKeHHO TPY AHAOCb Ha nOJ\.HX, cHa6LKaH
KpaCHYIO ApMHIO H ropoAa npOAOBOJ\.l-CTBHeM,
a npOMbIWJ\.eHHOCTb CblpbeM.
C HMeHeM CTaAHHa COBeTCKaH HHTeJ\.J\.HreHgHH
npe,ll,aHHO pa60TaAa Ha ,lI,eAO 060POHbI CTpa-
HbI, COBepweHCTBOBaJ\.a BoopYLKeHHe KpaCHOR
ApMHH, TeXHHKY H opraHH3agHIO npOH3BOACTBa,
ABHraAa BnepeA COBeTCKYIO HaYKY H KYAbTYPY.
C HMeHeM CTaJ\.HHa BeCb COBeTCKHR HapOA
ycnewHo 3aJ\.eqHBaeT paHbI, HaHeCeHHble BORHOR,
H 60peTCH 3a HOBbIM MOI}JHbIM nOA'beM HapO,ll-
Horo X03HMCTBa H COBeTCKOR KYAbTYpW.
I1MH CTaJ\.HHa - CHMBOJ\. MYLKeCTBa, CHMBOJ\.
CJ\.aBbl COBeTCKoro HapOAa, npH3bIB K HOBbIM
repOHQeCKHM AeAaM Ha 6J\.aro HaweR BeAHKOIi
POAHHbI.
HMH CTaAHHa HOCHT  CBOeM cepAge IOHOWH
H AeBYWKHcrpaHbI cogHaJ\.H3Ma, nHOHepbI H
nHOHepKH. CaMaH 3aBeTHaH HX MeQTa - 6bITb,
241

---==
KaK J\eHHH, KaK CTaAHH, 6bITb nOAHTHqeCKHMH
AeHTeAHMH AeHHHCKO-CTaAHHCKOrO THna. no
npH3bIBY na pTHH, TOBa pHI}Ja CTaAHHa COBeTCKaH
MOAOAeLKb CTpOHAa rHraHTbI cogHaAHCTHqeCKOM
HHAYCTPHH, c03AaBaAa ropoJI,a B Taiire, CTpOHJ\.a
II CTpOHT -IY AeCHbIe Kopa6J\.H, 3aBOeBbiBaeT
ApKTHKY, OCBaliBaeT HOBYIO TeXHHKY B HHAY-
CTpHH II B ceJ\.bCKOM X03HMCTBe, KpenHT o60POHY
HaweM POAHHbI, TBOpqeCKH pa60TaeT B HaYKe,
B HCKYCCTBe, nOKa.3aJ\.a o6pa3gbI repOH3Ma H
MYLKeCTBa Ha nOAHX cpaLKeHHM B OTeqeCTBeH-
HOM BOMHe H o6pa3gbI caMOOTBepLKeHHoro TPY Aa
B TblJ\.Y AAH AeJ\.a no6eAbI COBeTCKOM ApMHII.
BocnHTaHHbIM J\eHHHbIM II CTaAHHbIM KOMCOMOA
HBAHeTCH BepHbIM nOMOI}JHHKOM 60AbweBHCT-
. CKOM napTHH, HaAe2lmOM CMeHOM CTapwero no-
KOJ\.eHHH 60pgoB 3a KOMMYHH3M.
Ha MHOrOqHCJ\.eHHbIX H3blKax CAaralOT Ha PO-
,lI,bI COBeTCKoro COlO3a neCHH 0 CTaJ\.HHe.
B aTHX neCHHX OTpa2KeHa BeAHqaMWaH J\.106oBb
II 6e3rpaHHqHaH npe,ll,aHHOCTb Ha pOAOB COBeT-
CKoro COlO3a K CBoeMY BeJ\.HKOMY BOLKAIO, yqH-
TeAIO, APyry H nOAKOBO,ll,gy.
I1MH CTaAHHa B HapoAHOM TBOpqeCTBe CAH-
BaeTCH BMecTe C HMeHeM J\eHHHa. "Mbl HAeM
co CTaAHHblM K,aK C J\eHHHbIM, rOBopHM co
CTaAHHbIM KaK C )\eHHHbIM, 3HaeT Bce OH HawH
242

,lJ,YMKH-JI,YMYllIKH, BCIO OH LKH.3Hb CBOIO 0 HaC
.3a60THTCH",-rOBopHTCH B OJl,HOM H.3 .saMeqa-
TeAbHbIX PYCCKHX Ha pOJl,HbIX CKa.30B.
.I1MH CTaAHHa HBAHeTCH CHMBOAOM MopaAb-
Horo H nOAHTHqeCKOro eJl,HHCTBa COBeTCKoro
06I!!,eCTBa.
C HMeHeM CTaAHHa BCe nporpeCCHBHoe qe-
AOBeqeCTBO, Bce cBo6oJl,OAI06HBbIe AeMOKpaTH-
qeCKHe HapoAbl CBH3blBalOT CBOH HaAeLK,lJ,bI Ha
AAHTeAbHbIH npOqHbIH MHp H 6e30naCHOCTb.
"BTO Hallie cqaCTbe, qTO B Tpy Jl,Hble rOAbl
BOHHbl KpaCHYIO ApMHIO H COBeTCKHH HapoA
BeA BnepeA MY ApbIH H HcnbITaHHbIH BOLKJI,b
COBeTCKoro COlO3a - BeAHKHH CTa.I\.HH. C HMe-
HeM feHepaAHccHMyca CTaAHHa BOHAYT B HCTO-
pHIO HallIeH CTpaHbl H BO BceMHpHYIO HCTopmo
CAaBHble no6eJl,bI HallIeH apMHH. nOA PYKOBOJl,-
CTBOM CTaAHHa, BeAHKoro BOLKAH H opraHH-
.saTopa, MbI npHcTynHAH Tenepb K MHPHOMY
CTpOHTeAbCTBY, qTo6bI Ao6HTbCH HaCTOHI}Jero
pacyBeTa CHA cogHaAHCTHqeCKOrO o6I}JeCTBa H
onpaBAaTb AyqllIHe lIaJl,eLKAbI HallIHX APY3di: BO
BCeM MHpe" 1.

-.1
*
1 B. M. MO./l.OmoB. 28-R rOAoBIWIH8 BeJlHKOH OKT1I6phCKOH co.
gH8J1.HCTH'IeCKoH peBOJUogHI'r, 1945 r., CTp. 18-19.

Tupam 3000000 aNa. (2001-2250 mblc.)
llo,linucano N ne'lOmu c JI!ampuJ!,
24 ,lielCOOpn 1947 z. A02610.
OO'lJeM 15]/4 n. .'I. + 1 8 / 4 n. .'I.
u.'l.ltrocmpcJ!,uil.
BCNas NiJ 7762. Ilena 5 pyo.
*
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TPECTA nnO.1\HrPA!1JKHHrA" orHBA
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