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«eCJlH B MeCTe JIMllleHt1.f1 cB060.v;bI Haxo.v;J1TCH .v;OCTaTO'lHOe
KOJlH'ieCTBO 3aKJIlO'leHHbIX, npJIIHa.v;JIemaHX K O.v;HOH H Toil me
peJIt1I'I1.11, .v;OJlmeH 6bITb Ha3Ha'leH I1JII1 YTBep>K.n;eH o1JJ1l.\J1aJlb-
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onpaB.v;aHo 60JIbWOH 'lJIICJIeHHOCTblO TattHx 3aKJIlOQeHHbIX H
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OTMe':laeTCH B .lI.oKTpMHe J1HI:JJOpMal\HOHHOi1 6e30nacHocTJII,
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JII13M, a T8K:IK€ TOTaJII1TapHbIx p€Jmrl103HbIX ceKT» (rJI. 2, CT. 6,
n. 82). OCHOBHbIM HanpaBJleHJlleM 06eCne':leHHJ'I HHI:JJ0PMal\JIIOH-
HOH 6e30nacHocTii POCCHHCKOi1 q,e.v;epal\JIIH B c<lJepe .nyXOBHOH
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CTBMe HeraTJIIBHoMY BJIJ.1HHHlO J1Hoc'IpaHHbIx peJIMnf03HHX opra-
HH3a1U'1i1 H MJIICCHOHepoB (rJI. 2, CT. 6, n. 95).
MMelOT MeCTO l:JJaKTbI, xor.v;a B J1cnpaBIIfT€JIbHbI€ yqpem.v;e-
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BOpe':lJIIT CT. 47.3 rIpHJIo:meHHH K PeKOMelU\al\J.1HM NR(87)3
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HeHHH, '1TO C03,IJ;aeT 6JIaro.v;aTHYlO nO'lBY .v;nH npOHI1KHOBeHHH
no.v;o6HblX ceKT B C<pepy .v;eHTeJIbHOCTH HcnpaBHTeJIbHblX 21
yqpemJl;eHHH. BBe.v;eHJlle B 3a6JIym,IJ;eHHe ocymJl;eHHblX nYTeM

CKpblTbIX MeT01J;OB MaHMnyJIMpOBaHI<UJ: MX C03HaHMeM 11 nCl1xo-
JIOrJII'leCKoro HaCJ.1JIWI nOKa3bIBaeT OnaCHOCTb TaKOrO pO):\a opra-
HH3aWtH [8].
B 'l8CTHOCTM, no onepaTMBHbIM .v;aHHbIM, B MeCTax JII111IeHI1H
cB060)J;w B pa3Hoe BpeMfi omwBalOT HaKa3aHJlle nopH):\Ka 300()
::ITHVI':IeCKI1X rpa:m.n;8H POCCJIIH TOJIbKO 3a COBepllIeHJlle npeCTY-
nneHVIH, KBaJII1<Jn1l.111pyeMwx CT. 205, 205 1 , 206, 208, 209 YK Pip,
a TaKe nopH.v;Ka 70 HHocTpaHHblx rpa):\aH, oT6b1BalOll.\VIX
HaKa3aHHe 3a npeerynJIeRHH, CBH3aHHble C y6HHCTBOM, Y'Ja-
CTMeM B He3aKOHHbiX Boopy.meHHwx <pOpMMpOBaHI1HX Ha TeppJII-
TOpliIH POCCIiIVI, iii .v;pyrue npecTynJIeHWI.
ITpHMeHeHHe nCHXOJIOrl1'ieCKOrO HaCJllJII1H, Tpy.v;oBaH, <pHHaH-
COBaH, 3MOQI10HaJIbHaH, nOA':Iac ceKcyaJIbHaH 3KcnJIyaTal.\l1JI
3aKJIlO':IeHHWX - 'lJIeHOB peJIJllrl103HbIX ceKT, HX COQI1aJlbHaH
J130JIHl.\I1H H cepbe3Hwe OrpaHJII':IeHVIH JIJII':IHOH CB060'!\bl nocpeA-
CTBOM I1cnOJIb30BaHYlH MeTO)J;OB MaHMnyJIl1pOBaHMH 11 KOHTpOJlH
HX C03HaHJIIH, HaHeCeHYlH Bpe.v;a nCYlXJIIKe H 3.v;OpOBblO npHBO.l\flT
K HeonpoBep:m:HMoMY BWBOA)', ':ITO TOTaJIHTapHble peJIJllrH03Hbie
ceKTbI B CBoeM .v;eflTeJIbHOCTM CVICTeMaTM':IeCKH HapYllIalOT
Bceo6ll.\YlO .v;eKJIapaQHlO npaB ':IeJIOBeKa, B IffiCTHOCTJII [9]:
. CT. 3 - «Ka:m:p;bIH "ieJIOBeK HMeeT npaBO Ha :m:JII3Hb, Ha CBO-
60A)' 11 Ha JIH':IHYlO HenpI1KOCHOBE'HHOCTb»;
. CT. 5 - «HHKTO He .v;OJIeH nO)J;BepraTbCH nblTKaM J.1JIJII
meCTOKJIIM, 6eC':leJIOBe':lHbIM JllJIVI YHHalOllIHM ero .v;OCTOJIIHCTBO
06pallleHMlO 11 HaKa3aHI11O»;
. CT. 12 - «HHKTO He MoeT nO)J;BepraTbCH npoH3BOJlbHOMY
BMellIaTeJIbCTBY B ero JIJ'!'iHYlO H ceMeHHYlO .m113Hbm»;
. CT. 18 - «Kam,!\WH qeJIOBeK J1MeeT npaBO Ha CB060AY MblCJII1,
COBeCTH J1 peJIJllrl1J11; ::ITO npaBo BKJIlO':IaeT CB060AY MeHJ'ITb CBOlO
peJIHrl1lO HJlH y6e.m,!\eHHH H CBo60AY HcnOBeLIOBaTb CBOIO peJIJlI-
1'1110 J1JII1 y6e.m,i:\E'HMH...»;
. CT. 19 - «Ka.m)J;blt1: qeJIOBeK IiIMeeT npaBo Ha caoGoA)' y6e.m-
.v;eHHH H Ha cB060,!\Hoe BWpameHl1e HX; aTO npaBo BKJIlOqaeT
CBo60A)' 6ecnperrHTCTBeHHO npl1,!\epmMBaTbCH CBOMX y6e.m,[lE'-
HHH H CB060AY HCKaTb, nOJlyqaTb H pacnpocTpaHHTb HH<popMa-
l.\JllIO H l1,!\eH JII06b1MI1 cpe.v;CTBaMJII...»;
22 . n. 2 CT. 20 - «HHKTO He MomeT 6WTb npJIIHym.v;aeM BCTynaTb
B KaKYlO-JIH60 accOQJllaQJlllO»;

. CT. 23 - (KmK.v;blH: '1eJIOBeK J:.:I:MeeT npaBO Ha CB0601\HblH:
Bbl60p pa60TbI, 6e3 KaKOH-JIY!6o .v;JIICKpJIIMJllHallJIIH H CnpaBe.v;JIJII-
BOe y.v;OBJIeTBOpHTeJIbHOe B03Harpam):\eHJlle», O.v;HaKO >KeCTKaH
perJIaMeHTal.\J1H nOBe.v;eHJ1H nOCpe.v;CTBOM nCJ1xOJIorJ1':leCKoro
npHHY>K;:J;eHY!H HapywaeT .v;aHHYlO HOPMY;
. CT. 26 - «Ka:lKJ\blH '1eJIOBeK HMeeT npaBO Ha 06paaOBaHHe»,
HapyrnaeTcH pH):\OM TOTaJIMTapHblX ceKT, npaKTJlIKylOlItJIIX l:JJaK-
TJ1'feCKOe JIMrneHHe 8;:J;enTOB .v;aHHoro npaBa;
. CT. 27 - «xam;::l;blH '1eJIOBeK J1MeeT npaBO CBo60.rplO Y'laCTBO-
BaTb B ttYJIbTYPHOH: >K113H11 06meCTBa, HaCJIa>K,[IaTbCH 11CKYC-
CTBOM JII nOJIb30BaThCH ero 6JIaraMJII».
KpOMe TOro, HapywaeTcH n. 2 CT. 5 JJ;eKJIapaY!JII 0 JIMKBJ1)Ia-
lIJ11H Bcex rlJ0pM HeTepnJIIMOCTJ1 H ,l\J'!CKpHMMH8l\HJII Ha OCHOBe
peJII1r11H JlfJIH y6e>K):\eHJlfi1 (pe30JIIOIU1H 36/55 feHepaJIbHOH
ACCaM6JIeJlf DOH), a TaKme n. 2 CT. 1 :ITOH *e pe3OJIlOl.lHH -
«HHKTO He .v;OJlmeH nO,l\Bepr8TbCE npuHy*.v;eHHlO, YMaJIHlOLqeMY
ero CBo60.v;y HMeTb peJIHrHlO HJIJII y6e>K.v;eHHH no cBoeMY
Bbl60py...».
JJ;eHTeJIbHOCTb TOTaJIHTapHblx ceKT peJIHrH03Ho-3KcTpe-
MUCTCttOi1 HanpaBJIeHHOCT11 CTaJIa npJ1'f11Hoi1 aKT11BHoi1 o6l1te-
CTBeHHOM11 npaBJIITeJIbCTBeHHoM nOJIJIITJ1KJII eBponeMcKY!x CTp8H
H COBeTa EBponbl, HanpaBJIeHHOM H8 3811tJIITY rp8>K,[\aHCKHX
npaB 11 OT yrp03bl TOT8JIJ1T8pHbIX ceXT. TaK, npJIIHHTbl: PeWeHl1e
ACCaM6JIel1 COBeTa EBponbl 0 C03;:J;aH11H opramrnal.\Y!M nOMOLqY!
*epTBaM .v;ecTpYKTI1BHblX ceKT OT 22.06.1999; PeKOMeHJJ;allJIIH
EBponeHCKoM napJIaMeHTClwH accaM6JIeJII N2 1178 OT 1992 r.
«CeKTbI H HOBbie peJIY!rJII03Hble .v;BJ'!}!{eHI1H»; PellleHY!e Ka6HHeTa
MHHHCTpOB COBeTa EBponbl OT 1994 r.; PellleHJlle EBponap-
JIaMeHT8 OT 12.02.1996; PeweHY!e Ka6J11HeTa M11HI1CTpOB COBeTa
EBponbl N2 9220 OT 19.09.200L
B CBH3Y! C aKTJIIBHOH .v;eHTeJIbHOCTblO cTpaH 3anaJJ:HOH EBponbl
B 3TOM HanpaBJIeH1111 3n11l.\eHTp ceKTaHTcKoi1 .v;eHTeJIbHOCTJ1
CMeCTJllJICH B cTpaHbI BocTo'lHOH EBponbl. Me:m.I\YHap0;:J;HaH KOH-
l:JJepeHlIJIIH «ToTaJIJIITapHble ceKTbl H .v;eMoKpaTH'IeCKOe rocy-
.v;apcTBo», npoBO,l\J.1MaE PYCCKOi1 npaBOCJIaBHOM l.\epKOBbIO B
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TeJIbHOCTJII 3KCTpeM>1CTCKOM OpraHJ13al.\l1J.1» CJIe.v;yeT nOHJIIMaTb
JI106bIe ,IJ;eHCTBIffi, HanpaBJIeHHbIe Ha pMJllpOBaHHe ee CTPYK-
TYPbI, pa3pa60TKY HanpaBJIeHJ1i1 J1 aa,IJ;a'l .v;eflTeJIbHOCTM, npH-
BJIe'leHJlle CTOpOHHJlIKOB; MaTepHaJIbHO-TeXHH'IeCKOe o6ecne'le-
Hl1e .v;eHTeJIbHOCTH, pe3YJIbTaTOM KOTOpOH CTaHOBI1TCH
HaJI8mHBaHl1e TaKoM pa60TbI.
AJIH HacTynJIeHHH OTBeTCTBeHHOCTH no CT. 239 YR PCP .v;eH-
TeJlbHOCTb peJIHr>103HOrO 06'be.v;HHeHI1H .v;OJI:ama 6bITb conpH-
meHa;
- C no6ym.v;eHJlleM (opMJllpOBaHHeM meJIaHIffi c.v;eJIaTb 'lTO-
JIH6o) CBOHX 'lJIeHOB H3 'lHCJIa ocym,!\eHHblx K oTKa3Y OT I1cnOJI-
HeHJ1H CBO"X 06H3aHHOCTeM, Heno,!\'lJ1HeH"e Tpe60BaHJ1HM a.v;MM-
HHCTpaHJII MY H T.,l\.;
- C n06ym,!\eHJlleM ocym,!\eHHb!X K cOBepllIeHHlO HHblX npOT>1-
BonpaBHbIx .v;eHH"M, 3anpeIl\eHHbIX HOpMaM" JII060M OTpaCJIJ1
npaBa (npl1'lJ.1HeHJIIe Bpe.v;a nC>1XJII'leCKoMY J11:JJJ13J11'1ecKoMY 3.v;(}-
pOBblO; HpaBcTBeHHoMY pa3BHTJllIO H T.,IJ;.).
ITo6ym,!\eH>1e Mo:ateT 0CYIl\eCTBJIHTbCfl nYTeM y6em.v;eH"H,
HaCTOM'IHBb!X cOBeToB, pa3'bHCHeHJlli1, no:ateJI8HJlli1 11 paccMa-
TpJIIBaTbCH KaK cnOC06bl CKJIOHeHJIIH JIlO,!\eH K oTKa3Y OT I1cnOJI-
HeHJ1.f1 CBOJ1X 06H3aHHocTei1 no,Q BJ'!):\OM "cnOJIHeH"JI peJI"m:03-
HbIX 06pH,!\OB. ITpaKTJIIKe 113BeCTHbI CJIY'laH, Kor.v;a n06y:at.IJ;eHHe
ocym.IJ;eHHblx K HeHCnOJIHeHHlO Tpe6oBaHJlli1 a,IJ;MJIIHHCTpal.\JIIH
J1J1J1 cOBepllIeH"lO "HbIX npOT>1BonpaBHblx .v;eflHJ1i1 ocyw;ecTBJIJI-
eTCH 'lepe3 npH3bIBbI JIJ'!):\epa CJle,lIOBaTb era npHMepy: «H - He
pa60TalO, He 06Il\alOCb C ceMbeH, He 06pall.\alOCb K Bpa'laM, M Bbl
.v;OJI:atHbI .v;eJI8Tb TO me caMoe" [39].
B CT. 239 YR PCP YCTaHOBJIeHa OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb 3a .v;eHTeJIb-
HOCTb peJIJllm:03Horo 06'be.v;JIIHeHIffi, conpH:ateHHYlO C HaCJllJIJlleM.
O.v;HaKO xapaKTep HaCI1JIJ1H B Hei1 He KOHKpeTJ13J1pOBaH. OHO
MomeT 6bITb KaK qu.r3>1'leCKHM, TaK 11 nCHXOJlom:'1eCKJIIM. ITpH
nCHXOJIOrJ'!'ieCKOM B03,!\eHCTBJIIH HaCMJIHe OCYll.\eCTBJIHeTCH
nOMMMO C03HaHJ1JI 11 BOJI" nOTE'pneBllIero, T.e. 06'beKTJ1BHO, H :;ITO
06CTOHTeJIbCTBO Heo6xo.v;JIIMO Y'lJIITblBaTb npH KBaJI>1I:JJJllKaQJII11
.v;eHHJlli1, npe.v;yCMOTpeHHbIX CT. 239 YR PiP.
OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb sa Y'laCTJlle B .v;eHTeJIbHOCTJII peJIl1rJIIOSHoro 55
06'be.v;J1HeHIffi, nOCHralOll.\ero Ha JIJII'lHOCTb, a TaKme B 3KCTpe-

MJ1CTCItOM c006rn;eCTBe JIJ160 1\eSlTeJIbHOCTItl 3ItCTpeMJ1CTCX0i1
opraHJ13a!.1;JIIM npe.v;yCMOTpeHa COOTBeTCTBeHHO CT. 239, 282 1 ,
282 2 YR PCP ITo.v; Y'laCTHeM CJle.nyeT nOHMMaTb JIE06ylO .v;eH-
TeJIbHOC"Ib B COCTaBe peJlJ1rM03Horo 06'b€J\ItIHeHMJI B COOTBeT-
CTBI1H C ero l.\;eJIHMJII H 3a.v;a':laMH, KaK conpHmeHHYlO C Henocpe.n;-
CTBeHHblM oCYll.\ecTBJIeHHeM nOCHraTeJIbCTB Ha JIHqHOCTb H
npaBa rpam,!\8H, B TOM qHCJle ocym,!\eHHblX, OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb 3a
KOTopble npe.v;yCMOTpeHa ':I. 1 CT. 239 YK PCP, TaK H BblpamalO-
Il.\YlOCH B o6eCne'leHHJII ero I:JJYHKl.\t10HJllpOBaHt1R (t1CnOJlHeHMe
peJIltlfM03HblX 06pH,!\OB, pJ1TyaJIOB, npHBJle'leHltle HOBblX qJleHOB,
pacnpocTpaHeHHe JIJIICTOBOK, JIJIITepaTypbl H T-.l\.). AHaJIOrMqHblM
o6pa30M CJIe.v;yeT TJ)aKToBan. 3TOT npH3HaK H B KOHTeKCTe
CT. 282 1 , 2822 YK PCP.
06'beItTJ'lBHaH cTopoHa npecTynJleHMH, npe.v;YCMOTpeHHoro
CT. 280 YK PCP, xapaKTepH3yeTcH .v;eHHJlleM B 410pMe ny6J1J11'l-
HblX npJ13b1BOB K oCYll.\eCTBJleHMIO 3KCTpeMJIICTCKoM.v;ellTeJIbHO-
cn'!, nOHHTMe KOTOpOi1 co,!\epmJIITCH B CT. 1 413 «0 npOTHBo.v;eM-
CTBMH 3KCTpeMt1CTCKOM.v;eHTeJIbHOCTJII».
06'beKTt1BHafI CTOpOHa COCTaB8 npecTyI1JIeHJIIH, npe.v;yCMO-
TpeHHoro CT. 282 YK PCP, xap8ltTepH3yeTcH .v;ei1cTBJ'lHMJ.1,
HanpCWJIeHHblMH Ha B036ymLleHJlle HeHaBHCTH JIM60 Bpa)K)\bl,
a paBHO YHHmeHHe .v;OCTOHHCTBa 'leJIOBeKa JIM60 rpynnbl JIHQ B
CBH3M C pa3J1J'1QHblMJ1 06CTOHTeJIbCTBaMJII. HarrpltlMep, npJ'lMeHJ.1-
TeJIbHO K MeCT8M JIHllIeHHH cB060Abi no.v; iJeucm6uRMu CJIe.v;yeT
nOHJIIMaTb pacnpocTJ)aHeHHe cpe)U1 ocym,!\eHHblx H COTpy.v;HJII-
KOB I1Y T8KMX J'!,!\eH H B3rJIJI,!\OB, KOTopble no.v;pblBalOT .v;oBepHe
H YBameHHe K onpe.v;eJIeHHOH Hal.\JIIOHaJIbHOCTJII, pace JIJ160
peJIttnlOOHoMY BepoMcnoBe.v;aHJlllO, a TaKme Bbl3blBalOT Henpl1-
E3Hb ItIJIM ':IyBCTBO HeHaBJ'lCTItl It o6pa3Y >KM3HM, ltyJIbType, Tpa-
.v;MLI.J1HM, peJIHrM03HbIM 06pHAaM rpam,!\aH .v;aHHoH Hal.\HOHaJlb-
Hocm JIM60 pacbl 11 T.n. 3T>'! .v;eHCTBmI .v;OJImHbI6b1Tb cOBepllleHbl
ny6J1J'1QHO, B 'laCTHOCTItI, B MeCTax CKonJleHYlH oCy)K)\eHHblx.
06'beKTMBHYlO CTOPOHY COCT8Ba npecTynJleHmI, npe.v;ycMo-
TJ)eHHoro CT. 282 1 YR pq" XapaKTepM3yeT JIlO60e J13 cJI€J\YIO-
Il.\HX .v;eHCTBJlli1: C03,!\8HHe 3KCTJ)eMJIICTcxoro co06rn;ecTBa; PYKO-
56 BO.n;CTBO 11M JIJ160 BXO.v;Hrn;MMH B Hero CTPYKTYPHbIMH
no.v;pa3,!\eJIeHHHMt1.

06'beItTItIBHaH CTopmm COCTaBa npecTyIJJIeHItIH, npe.v;yCMO-
TpeHHOrO '1. 1 CT. 282 2 YR PCP, xapaKTepM3yeTcH .v;eHHJlleM B
mUle OpraHl13aQJllYI .v;eHTeJIbHOCTH KcTpeMHcTcKOH OpraHJII3a-
l.\1UL B TO me BpeMH, corJIaCHO CT. 2822 YR PCP, 3ltCTpeMiIICTCKOiii
npl13HaeTCH OpraHJII3al.\JIIH, B OTHOllieHYlH KOTOpOi1 HMeeTCH COOT-
BeTCTBYlOIlIee cy.v;e6Hoe perneHJlle B CBH3H C OC}'ll.\ecTBJIeHHeM
3KCTpeMJIICTCKOiii .v;eHTeJIbHOCTItI. TaKoe OCHOBaHJlle co.v;epmJIITCH
B ':I. 4 CT. 7 H"':I. 2 CT. 9 413 «0 npOTJIIBo.v;eMCTBJIIH 3KCTpeMYlCTCKOH
.JJ;eHTeJIbHOCTM» H B n. 2 CT. 14 413 «0 cB060,lJ;e COBeCTYI ItI 0 peJIJII-
m03HblX 06'be1\ItIHeHiII.IIx»
Cy6'beKTJIIBHaH CTOpOHa paccMaTpHBaeMbix COCTaBOB npe-
cTynJIeHJlli1 xapaKTepl13yeTcH TOJIbKO YMblrnJIeHHOH I:JJOpMOH
BJIIHbI B BJf)\e np.fIMoro YMblCJIa, Bblpa)KalOIlIerocH B oCYIlleCTBJIe-
HItIVI CItICTeMaTJ1'ieCROM .v;e.FlTeJIbHOCTItI, HanpaBJIeHHOiii Ha B03-
6Y)K,!\eHHe Hal.\I1OHaJIbHOH, pacoBoi1 HJIM peJIHm03HOM Bpam.v;bI.
06H3aTeJIbHbIMH npl'l3HaKaMJII cy6'beKTI'IBHOH CTOpOHbI
COCTaBa npecTynJIeHYlH, npe)J;)'CMOTpeHHoro CT. 282 1 YR PCP,
HBJIHIOTCH I.1;eJIJII no.v;rOTOBKYI HJIH cOBepllIeHJIIH JII06oro 113 YKa-
aaHHblX B .v;JIICn03H1tJIIJII npecTynJIeHMH 3KCTpeMJIICTCKOH HanpaB-
JIeHHOCTItl no MOTiIIBaM l1,!\eoJIol11'iecKoiii, nOJU1TiII':IeCKoi1, paco-
BOH, HaU;YlOHaJIbHOH, peJIHm03HOM HeHaBHCTJ'! I'IJIJII Bpa)K)\bl,
a paBHO no MOTJIIBaM HeHaBHCTJII JIItI60 Bpa)K,l1bl B OTHorneHltI1'I
KaKOiii-JIiII60 COl.\IIIaJIbHOi1 rpynnbI, npecTynJIeHiIIiii, npe.v;yCMO-
TpeHHbIX CT. 148. 149. 'i. 1 H 2 CT. 213. CT. 214. 243. 244. 280 1'1 282
YRPcP.
Cy6'beKT paccMaTpHBaeMbix COCTaBOB npecTynJIeHJlli1 (CT. 239,
280, 282, 282 1 , 282 2 YK PCP) 06ru;YlH - BMeHHeMoe JIJIIU;O, .v;OCTJllr-
rnee 16 JIeT. Cy6'beKT cocTaBoB, npe.nycMoTpeHHblx B n. «6» ':I. 2
CT. 282, 'i. 2 CT. 2821 YR PCP, - cnel.\illaJIbHbli1: JIItIl.\O, I'IMelOIlIee
CJIyme6HbIH cTaTYc B opraHax rocY.JJ;apCTBeHHoi1 BJIaCTJ'!, HX
yqp€)f{)J;eHJ1.FIX H MHblX OpraHl13aU;illIx.
lI.JIH Toro "':ITo6bI CTiIIMYJIillpOBaTb OTKa3 OT npe.v;JIOmeHiIIH npe-
cTynHoH .v;eHTeJIbHOCTH, 3aKOHo.v;aTeJIb npe,IU'cMOTpeJI B
ITpHMe'laHH.fIX K CT. 282 1 H 282 2 YK PCP B03MOmHOCTb OCB060)K-
.JJ;eHI'IH OT yroJloBHoiii OTBeTCTBeHHOCTItI B CBH3J11 C npeKpaIlleHHeM
y'<aCTHH B 3KCTpeMYlCTCKOM C006Il1eCTBe I'IJIJII 3KCTpeMYlCTCKOH 57
opraHiII3al.\JIIH COOTBeTCTBeHHO.

TaKI1M 06paaOM, peJIl1rl103Hbli1 3KCTpeMI13M Kat!: pa,r(J1J!:aJlb-
Hoe OTpHl.(aHJlle C0l.\JllaJIbHbIX HOpM 11 npaBt'IJI, OCHOBaHHoe Ha
npHBepmeHHOCTt'I K KpaHHI1M peJIt'IrI103HbIM B3rJlH):(aM H .v;eM-
CTBl1flM, He MO:-KeT CYll.\eCTBOBaTb BHe CBH311 C npecTynHOCTblO.
YrOJIOBHO-npaBoBoi1 Ol.(eHKe nO)J;JIemaT npOHBJIeHMH peJIJllrl103-
Horo 3KCTpeMH3Ma, BbIpaw:aeMble B BJII.,[Ie .v;eHHJlli1, 3anpell.\eHHblX
no.v; yrp030i1 HaKa3aHI1H yrOJIOBHblM 3aKOHOM, J1 nOCflraIOLqI1e Ha
paaJIJ'!'IHble 06ll.\eCTBeHHble OTHorneHMH, 6.rrara, l.\eHHOCTt'I, oxpa-
HHeMbIe yrOJIOBHb!M 3aKOHOM: KOHCTJIITyLl.J10HHbie npaBa H CBO-
60,I(bI rpam)J;aH, CB060.v;y COBeCTI1 J1 BepOl1cnOBe,lJ;aHl1fl rp8)t()J;aH,
paBeHCTBO rprot\,!(aH BHe 3aBHCI1M0CTI1 OT t1X Hal.\JIIOHaJIbHOCTI1,
paCbl t'IJIJII KOHl:JJeccHOHaJlbHoi1 npJIIHa.v;Jle.mHOCTJII.
B KOHTeKCTe KpI1MI1HOJIOrl1'.,JeCKoi111 yrOJIOBHO-npaBOBOH npo-
6JIeMaTHKH peJIHrl103HbIH 3KCTpeMHaM MomeT paCCMaTpl1-
BaTbCH:
- B KaqeCTBe MOTI1Ba, OTHOCHll.\erOCH K OOCTOflTeJIbCTBaM,
OTHr'lalOll.\HM HaKa3aHHe 3a JI106bIe npecTynJIeHtuI - 6e3 BbI.v;e-
JIeHI1H HX pO,I(OBOH HJIJII Bt'I,IJ;OBOi1 npHHa,I(JIemHOCTI1 (n. «e» CT. 63
YKP<I»;
- B KaqeCTBe KBaJIMMl.\JIIPYlOmJIIX npJ13HaKOB OT.v;eJIbHbIX
COCT8BOB npecTynJIeHJIIH (HanpHMep, CT. 105 YR pq,);
- B KaqeCTBe npl13HaKOB 06'beKTI1BHOHI1 cy&:t.eKTI1BHoi1 CTO-
pOH HeKoTopblX COCT8BOB npecTynJIeHJlli1 (HanpHMep, CT. 28(],
282,282 1 ,282 2 YR PCP).
OCHOBHbIMJ1 BJII.,[IaMJ1 peJII1r1103Horo 3KCTpeMI13Ma, I1rpalO-
ll.\ero HaH60JIee aKTHBHYlO KpJIIMHHoreHHYIO pOJIb, HBJIfllOTCH:
- peJIHrJII03Hb!i1 3KCTpeMJII3M, cBH3aHHbiM C .v;eHTe.JlbHOCTbIO
pa3JII1<.jHbIX OpraHl13al.\I1H Hal.\110HaJII1CTI1"leCKoro Tl1na;
- peJIHrJII03Hb!i1 3Kc'IpeMJ13M, cBHaaHHblH C arpecCMBHbIMJII
OpMaMJII HCJIaMcKoro I:JJYH;J;aMeHTaJIJII3Ma;
- peJIJ1rl103HblH 3KCTpeMI13M, npOHBJIHIOll.\J1i1CH B .v;e.flTeJIb-
HOCTJII 06'be.v;JIIHeHJlli1 .v;ecTpYKTJIIBHoro XapaKTepa. HeTpa,I(MI1J11-
OHHblX ,l\JIH cTpaHbI BepOBaHJIIH.
Ea3I1CHbIMJ1 yCJIOBI1HMI1 11 pernalOll.\I1MJ1 npe.v;IIoCblJIKaMI1
oc.na6JIeHHH BJIJIIHHHH peJIHrM03Horo 3Kc'l'peM113Ma Ha nOJlHTJII-
"lecKylO CHcTeMY o6mecTBa .fIBJIHeTCH nepexo,I( cTpaHbl K ycroij-
5/1 "lHBOMY pa3BHTJlllO, OpMJllpOBaHHlO 11 YCMJIeHJlllO MOHOJlJIITHOCTJII
061l.\€CTBa, npeo.v;OJIemoo Kpt13HCHbIX HBJIeHHii: B 3KOHOMHKe,

COl.\J18JIbHOM, .v;yXOBHO-HpaBCTBeHHOM 11 .v;pyrYlx cl:JJepax.
06ll.\eCOltJllaJIbHble Mepbl npOTt-mO.n;eHCTBHH npecrynneHIDlM,
CBH3aHHbiM C peJIHrM03Hb!M <JKCTpeMH3MOM. .v;OnmHbl cO'le-
TaTbCH C l.\eJIeHanpaBneHHbIMl1 yCl1JIl1HMl1, BKnlO'IalOIl\HMH
COBeprneHCTBOBaHHe 3aKOHo.v;aTeJIbHOH 6a3bl, npaBonpHMeHJII-
TeJlbHOH H npaBOOXpaHJIITeJIbHOH .v;eHTE'JIbHOCI1f, KYJIbTypHO-
BocnHTaTeJIbHbIMH MeponpH1ITH.IIMH aHTH3ltCTpeMMCTCKOi'O
xapaKTepa.
OCHOBbIBaHCb Ha nOHHTHH 3KCTpeMH3Ma, ,IJ;aHHOrO B
q,e,IJ;epaJIbHOM 3aKOHe «0 nparl1Bo.v;eMCTBItIJII 3ltCTpeMilICTCitOM
.v;eHTeJIbHOCTH", BbI.v;eJIJIIM ero OCHOBHble npJ13HaKJII:
- HaJIH'IHe Iq)aHHOCTeM (pa,IJ;HKaJIH3Ma) BO B3rJIH,IJ;aX H .v;eM-
CTBMflx HOCMTeJIeM 3KCTpeMJ13Ma;
- HaJIM'IJlle OTPHQaHJIIH (HMrJ.1JIJII3Ma) B OTHOrneHMH HOpM,
npHHHTblX B 06ll.{eCTBe H oxpaHHeMblX COl.\JllaJIbHbIMM HHCTHTY-
TaMH, npem.v;e Bcero rOCYMpCTBOM;
- HaJIH'lI1e B OCHOBe 3KCTpeMH3Ma KaKOM-JIH60 H.v;eH,
CHCTeMbi B3rJIJI,IJ;OB, .v;OKTpJlIHbl (nOJIHTJII'IeCKOH, pe.nHI'J.103HOH,
3THItI'IeCKOM, 3KOHOMiII'IeCIt0i1:, HX CO'leTaHItIH H T.,l\.);
- CTpeMJIeHJlle HOCMTeJIeH 3KCTpeMM3Ma He TOJlbKO npJ'!)1ep-
:HI:MBaTbCH 3KCTpeMHCTCKHX B3rJIJI,IJ;OB, HO TaKme .v;OHeCTH HX .v;o
CBe.v;eHilIH Oltpy.maIOIl\iIIX, HaSH3aTb HX, OCYIl\eCTBMTb H peaJIYI-
30BaTb HX B .v;eHCTBJIITeJlbHOCTJII.
KpHMHHOJIOrJII'leCKH 3Ha<IJIIMblH acneKT peJIltlrH03Horo 3KC-
TpeMilI3Ma 3aKJilO<IaeTCH B npHBepmeHHOCTiII He TonbKO H He
CTonbKO K KpaHHHM B3rJIil):\aM, HO, npe.m,IJ;e Bcero, KpaMHJIIM .v;eH-
CTBHHM, npH'IJIIHHlOll.{HM Bpe.v; 06I..IJ;eCTBeHHblM OTHorneHHHM,
OXpaHJIeMbiM 3aKOHOM. IT03TOMY IOpl1J\H'.{eCKan OTBeTCTBeH-
HOCTb MomeT HaCTynaTb TOJIbKO Tor.v;a, Kor.v;a pa,IJ;J1KaJIbHOe
OTpHl.\aHJlle CYIl\eCTBYlOll.{HX HOpM BbipamaeTCH B KOHKpeTHblX
06Il\eCTBeHHO onaCHblx ,IJ;eflHH.Hx.
B J13BeCTHoi1: CTeneHH pa3BHTJlllO peJIJllrH03HOro 3KCTpeMJ13Ma
cnoco6CTBYlOT He.v;OCTaTO'lHOe BHHMaHHe II: 3T0:t1: np06JIeMe
06ll.{eCTBa, B 'ffiCTHOCTItI npaBOOXpaHItITeJIbHbIX opraHOB. 3TO
HBJlHeTCH rJIaBHblM 06pa30M CJIe.v;CTBHeM Toro, '1TO He Bce
COTPY,IJ;HJIIKH npaBooxpaHHTeJIbHblX opraHOB ell.{e OC03HaJiH
06ll.\eCTBeHHYIO onaCHOCTb, KOTOpylO HeceT B ce6e peJIHrJII03HblH 59
311:CTpeMH3M, He TOJlbKO .v;JIH o6ll.{ecTBa H OT,IJ;eJIbHbIX ero npe.n;-

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KpHMHHOnOrWieCKI1X, OnepaTJIIBHO-p03bICKHbIX H HHb!X Mep no
npe1\ynpem)J;eHl1lO, BbUlBJIeHl1lO M paCKpbITI1lO npecTynJIeHI1M,
CBH3aHHbiX C ::JKCTpeMJII3MOM.
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3KCTpeMI1CTCKOM 1\eHTeJIbHOCTM peJII1n103HbiM 3KCTpeMI13M
npe.v;CTaBJUleT C060M onaCHOCTb KaK npWIJllHa COBepllIeHl1fl MHO-
mx npecTynJIeHI1H, C03..n;aeT He3,!\opOBYlO 06CTaHOBKY B o6me-
CTBe, cnoco6cTByeT OCYI.II;eCTBneHl1lO CBOMX 3aMbICJIOB JII1l.\aMI1,
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BO,lJ;CTBa K .v;eHCTBHlO.
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OnepaTIlBHbIM pa6OTHHKoM JIHWb B TOM cJly"ae, eCJI11 JlIM 6y.v;eT
YCTaHOBJleH MaTepl1aJIbHbIH «HOCYJTeJIb», nO,lJ;TBepiK,l\8lOIl\I1H
CBe.v;eHJIIH 0 HeM, HJlH I:JJH3J11'leCKOe JIJIIIJ;O KaK HCTO'lHJIIK aKTJII'le-
CKJIIX .v;aHHbIX.
q,aKTJ.1'-leCKJlle .v;aHHbIe, nOJIY'IeHHbIe B COOTBeTCTBJIIH C onepa- 91
THBHO-p03bICKHbIM 3aKOH0,l\8TeJIbCTBOM, ell.\e He eCTb .v;OKa3a-

Te.IIbC'I'Ba. M CaM aKT npoc.nYllIJ1BaHI1H 11 3anl1C.I1 neperoBopoB,
OCYll\eCTBJIHeMbIX C HCnOJIb30BaHHeM TeXHJII':IeCRJlIX cpe.v;CTB
CBH3J11, H HHblX neperOBOpOB Ha CT8.v;11J11 .v;OKYMeHTJllpOBaHHH He
n03BOJIHeT YTBepm,D;aTb 0 TOM, 'iTO npOTOKOJI :noro onepaTI1BHO-
p03blCKHoro MepOnpJUlTJIIH, COCT8BJIeHHbIH OnepaTI1BHblM pa60T-
HHKOM, HBJlHeTCH HCTO'iHJlIKOM .v;oKa3aTeJIbCTBa TaKoBblM OH
CTaHeT TOJIhKO noc.ne OCMOTpa, npoc.nYll1J.1BaHJII.fI npe.v;CTaB.neH-
HOH BMeCTe C npOTOKOJIOM 3anJIICH H BbIHeceHHH CJI€,l\OBaTeJIeM
nOCTaHOBJIeHJIIH 0 npHo6ll\eHHJII K .v;eJIY B Ka':leCTBe Bell\eCTBeH-
Horo .v;01ta3aTeJIbCTBa [66].
TaKI1M o6pa30M, 3aKOHO,D;aTeJIb YCTpaHHeT Heo6xo,D;JIIMOCTb
nepenpOBepKI1 CBe,D;eHI1H, nOJIyqeHHbIX B xo.v;e OCYll\eCTBJleHJUI
YKa3aHHoro onep8TJIIBHO-TeXHJII':IeCKoro MepOnpH.fITJIIH. B OTHO-
IlleHl111 pe3yJIbTaTOB npOBe,D;eHI1H I1HbIX onepaTI1BHO-p03bICK-
HblX MepOnpl1.f1TJIIH np0l.\e.nypa nepenpOBepKI1 HBJUleTCH 06H3a-
TeJIbHoti:, 11 OHJII MorYT 6bITb BBe,D;eHbI B yrOJlOBHblti: npol\ecc ltaK
HHb!e .v;OItYMeHTbI H HOCHTeJIJII HHI:JJOPMal.\JIIH.
06eCneqeHJlle Tpe60BaHI1ii: 3aKOHa K npOl.\eccy C06J11paHI1H,
npOBepKJII H OLIeHKJIIl:JJaKTJII'leCKI1X ,lIaHHbIX OnepaTJlIBHbIMJII no.v;-
pa3.v;eJIeHI1HMI1 opraHoB, Ha.v;eJIeHHbIX npaBoM npoBe.v;eHI1H
OPM, Ha CT8.v;JIIH .v;OKYMeHTHpOBaHJIIH, a TaKme c06J1K1.v;eHHe yro-
JIOBHO-npOl.\eccY8J1bHbIX HOpM npl1 peaJIJ'!38l\HJII nOJIY'leHHbIX
onepaTI1BHblM nYTeM cBe.v;eHI1ii: B .v;Olta3aTeJIbCTBa - OCHOBHaH
np06J1eMa, Tpe6YlOll{8H nocToHHHoro BHJIIMaHJIIH. B npOTI1BHOM
cJI)"lae pe3YJIbTaTbl, nOJlyqeHHbIe B xo.v;e npoBe.v;eHJUI onepa-
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Yll\ep6HbIMJIII1, KaK CJle,D;CTBJlle, nOTepHTb .v;OKa3aTeJIbCTBeHHYlO
CI1J1Y npH JlIX JlICnOJIb30BaHJIIH B nOCJIe.nylOI1IeM B yroJIOBHOM npo-
l.\ecce.
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OTBeqaeT Ha Bonpoc, oTlty.v;a 11 ltaK nOJI)"leHbI CBe.v;eHI1H 0
€1JaKTe, TO BTopoe - OTK}'.v;a H Kaft nOJI)"leHO .v;OKa3aTeJIbCTBO.
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qeCKJIIX .v;aHHbIX, YCT8HOB.neHHblii: B COOTBeTCTBJIII1 C onepa-
92 TJiIBHO-p03bICRHblM 3aKOHO,llaTeJIbCTBOM 11 06J1eQeHHblti: B npo-
l\eCCY8JIbHYlO OPMY, TaK Kaft 6e3 npOl\eccyaJIbHOH OpMbl He

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HHKa [67J-
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BaTb JIH60 JIJ1U;0, pacnOJIaraIOU.\ee onpe.v;eJIeHHb!MH CBe.v;eHH-
HMH, JIH60 omeKT, CBH.v;eTeJIbCTBYlOll.\HH 0 npecrynJIeHHJII.
MCTO'lHJIIKOM >Ke .v;OKa3aTeJIbCTB 6YJJ.'jT nOKa3aHJUI JIMl\a KaK
yqaCTHI1Ka yrOJlOBHoro npOl.\eCca (CBH,IJ;eTeJIb, nOTepneBlllJllfll1
T..l\.), nOJIY'leHHble B COOTBeTCTBHJII C Tpe60BaHJIIHMH YIIK
MaTepHaJIbHbIM 06'beKT, nOJIyqeHHblt'l onepaTHBHO-p03bICKHbIM
nyTeM H co.v;epmaLqJ1i1 aKTI1'leCKJlIe .v;aHHble, J1MelOll.\Me 3Ha'le-
HHe .v;JIH yrOJIOBHOrO .v;eJIa, CTaHOBHTCH J1CTO'lHJIIKOM .v;OKa3a-
TeJIbCTB C MOMeHTa npJ1HHTJIIH CJIe.v;OBaTeJIeM perneHJ1H 0 npl1-
06ll.\eHHJII ero K .v;eJIY B Ka'leCTBe Bell.\eCTBeHHoro .v;OKa3aTeJlbCTBa
nocJle npOBe.v;eHMH Heo6xoJII:IMblX npou;eccyaJIbHbIX .v;eHCTBMi1,
npeJl}'CMOTpeHHhlX YIIK MMeHHO C 3TorO MOMeHTa MaTepJ1aJIb-
Hblt'l 06'beKT RaK HOCJIITeJlh onpe.v;eJleHHhlX ero CBOMCTB CT8HO-
BMTCH HCTO'lHHKOM .v;OKa3aTeJIbCTBa. M eCJIM HCTO'fHJIIK aKTJII-
'IeCKJIIX .v;aHHbIX no.v;JIe>KJIIT YCT8HOBJIeHHIO COTpy.v;HHKaMH
Onep8TJIIBHhlX no.v;pa3):1eJIeHHH B xo.v;e npOBe.v;eHHH OnepaTl1BHO-
p03bICKHbIX MepOnpJ1HTMi1, TO HCTO'lHHK .v;OKa3aTeJ1bCTB MOifteT
6blTb YCTaHOBJIeH TOJlbKO B npol\ecce paCCJIe.v;OBaHJIIH [68].
38KoHo.v;aTeJIh B 'I. 1 CT. 74 YIIK pq, YCTaHaBJIJIIBaeT, qTO
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nOJlyqeHHble B npeJl)'CMOTpeHHOM 3aKOHOM nopH,!\Ke. TeM C8MbIM
.v;onycKaeTcH B03MO>KHOCTb nOJlY'leHm:I tPaKTJllqeCKHX .v;aHHbIX
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HblM nYTeM), TaK H onepaTMBHo-p03blCKHblM (onepaTJIIBHb!M
nYTeM) 38KOHOM
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BaTbC.H TOJlbKO B KaqeCTBe COCTaBHoro npOl.\e.v;ypHoro 3J1eMeHTa
npOl.\eCC8 .v;OKYMeHTMpOBaHMR TaKMM 06pa30M, B xo.v;e ocy-
ll.\eCTBJIeHMH .v;OKYMeHTJllpOBaHJUI COTpy.v;HJIIKaMH onepaTMBHblX
no.v;pa3.v;eJIeHHH YCTaHaBJIt1BalOTCH tPaKTt1'1eCKHf' .v;aHHble,
onpe.v;eJI.HlOll.\t1e B nOCJIe.v;YlOll.\eM HanpaBJIeHHH paCCJle.v;OBa-
HHJI, nOCJIe.v;OBaTeJIbHOCTb, 06"beM JII co.v;epmaHHe CJICTBeH- 93
HblX .v;eikTBI1H H OnepaTl1BHO-p03bICKHbIX MepOnpt1.HTI1H,

HanpaBJleHHbIX Ha C0611paHI1e .v;OKa3aTeJIbCTB npOTI1BOnpaBHoi1
.v;eHTeJIbHOCTJII
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MH) Ha'iI1HaeTCH 3a.v;OJIro .v;o B036ym.I\eHI1H yrOJIOBHoro 1\eJIa,
C MOMeHTa c60pa OnepaTJIIBHblMH no.v;pa3):\eJIeHHJ'IMI1 opraHOB,
ocyeCTBJIHIOHX OnepaTIfBHO-p03bICKHYlO .v;eHTeJIbHOCTb,
aKTI1'ieCKJiIX .v;aHHbIX 06 06CTOHTeJIbCTBax cOBepllIeHHora npe-
cTyn.neHI1H nyTeM npoBe.v;eHI1H OnepaTJIIBHO-P03b!CKHbIX Mepo-
npl1HTJIIH
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POCCJiIH Bblpa*aeTcH B pa3JIJ'!'IHbIX opMax (I1CCJIe.v;oBaHHe
.v;OKa3aTeJIbCTB, npe..n;cTaBJIeHHe .v;OKa3aTeJIbCTB H .v;p.), .v;eHTeJIb-
HOCTb onepaTJiIBHbIX no.v;pa3.n;eJIeHYli1 no C06J11paHMlO aKTYI'Ie-
CKJIIX ,lIaHHblX .v;JIH nOCJIe.v;YlOera I1X HCnOJIb30BaHMH B yroJIOB-
HOM npol.\ecce B Ka'leCTBe .v;OKa3aTeJIbCTB MomHO paCCMaTpMBaTb
ttaK cnel.\YII1'1ecKYlO I:JJOPMY y'l8.CTYlfI B npol.\eccyaJIbHOM 1\OKa-
3bIBaHI1M. IIpl13HaHI1e OnepaTIfBHoro cOTpy.v;HHKa Cy6'beKTOM
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MeHHbIX npe,n;CTaBJIeHJ1HX 0 paCKpbITM11 npecTynJIeHJ1H.
CorJI8.CHO 413 ,,06 OPJ{» ('I. 2 CT. 10) .v;eJIa onepaTI1BHOra
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HHJI OnepaTIfBHO-p03bICKHbIX MepOnpJ1HTIfH. IIepe'leHb J{OY,
nopHtlOK I1X Be1\eHI1H onpe..n;eJIHlOTCH HOpMaTYlBHbIMI1 npaBo-
BbIMH aKT8MH opraHoB, ocyeCTBJIHlOHX OPJ{ ('I. 5 CT. 10) [69].
PellleH11e 0 3aBe.v;eHJIIJII JI1060ro J{OY BCer,IJ;a npHHJIIMaeTCH Ha
OCHOBe aHaJIJ13a pe3YJIbT8TOB npOBepKJiI nepBJ'!"IHbIX CBe,IJ;eHI1H 0
JIJIIl.\ax, l:JJaKTax M 06CTOJ'ITeJIbCTBaX, npe.v;CT8BJIHlOIqJIIX onepa-
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npe.v;ynpe>K,[IeHHlO, npeCe'leHJlllO 11 paCKpblTJlllO npecTynJIe-
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,llOY HB.llHeTCH npe.l\YIlpe>K)\eHHe npecTynJIeHHM, 'ITO B03MO:IKHO
B CJIY'l8e 06HapY>KeHI1.fI «npecTynHoro» YMblCJIa [70]. B 3TJ1X
l.\eJIHX TaK>Ke He06xo.v;VLMO npoBe.v;eHHe OPM, OCHOBaHHJIMH
KOTOpblX COrJIaCHO n. 2.1 'L 1 CT. 7 413 «06 OP,ll» CJIY>KaT CBe.v;e-
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KpeTHYlO JIJII'-IHOCTb, TaK H Ha oT.v;eJIbHble rpynnbl JII1Q. TaKaH
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IIpaKTJIIKa .v;OK}'MeHTHpOBaHI1H npecTynHblx .v;eMCTBm1: JIJIIl.\,
no.v;oapeBaeMblX B COBeprneHHJII npeCTYnJIeHJllii:, B TOM 'IJIICJIe
JIl1):\epos, .v;OJI)RHa 6bITb HanpaBJIeHa Ha BblHBJIeHHe JII HKCal.\IIJIO
€1JaKTJII'leCKIIJX AaHHblx I1X .v;eHTeJIbHOCTJII .v;.IIH npHBJIe'leHI1H K
yroJloBHOM OTBeTCTBeHHOCTJII 3a COBepllleHJlle I1MM KOHKpeTHblx
npecTynJIeHHi1: JIM60 pa306I11eHHH C03.JJ;aHHoi1 HMIIJ npecTynHoH 95
CTpYKTypbII1 npeCe'leHI1H ee .v;eHTeJIbHOCTJ'!.

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6ece.v;y, HaJIamJIIBaTb KOHTaRTbI C .v;OJlmHOCTHbIMH JIHQ;aMH [71].
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Cnel\11aJlH3al\HH H OpraHJ13al\11H npecTynHoH .v;eHTeJIbHOCT11,
pacnpe.v;eJIeHl1e HKl.\Jllti Y'laCTHJIIKOB npecTynHofi .v;ellTeJIbHO-
CTI1, JII€papXJlIH OTHOIlIffiHi111 MeXaHJII3M 06eCn€'1eHHJI .v;€.HTeJIb-
HOCTJII npecTynHoH rpynnbI; 'lJIICJIeHHOCTb npecTynHoH rpynnbl,
JI11.v;epbI, opraHJ13aTOphI, aKT11BHble YQaCTH11KJiI JII pH,IJ;OBble
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CTynHOH rpynnbl; ypOBeHb BJlMHHJIIH Ha npecTynHYlO .v;eHTeJIb-
HOCTb «BOpOB B 3aKOHe», JIl1.D;epOB H 8BTopI1TeTOB;
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paTI1BHbIX no.v;pa3.r\eJIeHHi1 npoBO.v;nTCH KOMnneKC onepaTJIIBHO-
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y'l8.CTHMIWB npecTYOHOti rpynobi CJIe.v;ylOll.\ero XapaltTepa:
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rpynnbI;
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Ha Hal160Jlee {{YH3BHMOM}} 3BeHe npecTynHoH .v;eHTeJIbHOCTJII;
- I1CnOnb30BaHHe l:JJaKTOpa BH€3arrnOrO npOBe.v;eHHH rJIaC-
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l\MH 0 npOTJIIBOnpaBHoM.v;eHTeJlbHOCrn;
- BbIHBneHMe KOPPYMll11pOBaHHbIx «noKpOBI1TeJIeti» B npa-
BooXpaH11TeJlbHblX opraHax H .v;PYrJIIX roccTpYKTypax;
- C03.r\aHMe B YCTaHOBJIeHHOM 3aKOHo.v;aTeJIbCTBOM PcIJ
nopH,!\Ke npe.r\fIp11HTJiIi1, Y'ipe.m.r\eHJiII1 J1 OpraHJiI3al.\I111, Heo6xo-
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CTynHbIX .v;eHcTBHi1 [72];
- I1cnonbSOBaHl1e TeXHI1'leCKJIIX B03MomHocTeti cn€l\Hanb-
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TeJIbHOCTJII;

- 0CYIl\eCTBJIeH11e onepaTJ1BHO-p03blCKHblX MeponpJIIHT11M B
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TOB JIJ'!)\epOB C PH.v;OBbIMH YQaCTH11KaMJII npecTynHoH rpynnbl,
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flBJlHeTCH HKCal.\i1SI HX BCTpeq - «CXOAO:K:». DHa BKJllOqaeT B
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BaH11e TeJIet}JOHHbIX neperOBopOB [73].
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OnepaTJ1BHb!MJII nO.I\pa3.v;eJIeHi1SIMH opraHoB BHY'rpeHHHx .v;eJI.
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ocy:m.n;eHHblM, HaXO.I\HCb B JlI30JIHLwm, YQaCTBOBaTb B npecTyn-
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a TaEtme onepaTMBHO-TaKTJ1'.eCEtJlle npMeMbi OCYIl\eCTBJIeHMfl.
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cy.v;e6HbIX .v;OKa3aTeJIbCTB.
B xo.v;e npOCJIYWMBaHHH H 3ByK03anl1CH TeJIeOHHbIX nepe-
rOBopOB MomHO BbIJ'lBJIITb M 3a.v;OKYMeHTHpOBaTb OGeHb BamHYIO 99
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CTYTIHOH .v;eETeJIbHOCTJII CJIe.v;yeT TaKifte HCnOJIb30BaTb TaKoH
TaKm'feCKI1H npl1eM, KaK OnepaTI1BHblM 3:K:cnepI1MeHT, KOTOpbIH
MOifteT 6bITb npHMeHeH, HaTIpl1Mep .v;JIH H306JIJII'leHHH C nOJlJII'l-
HblM Y'facTHHKOB npecrynHoH rpynnbI npH BpY'leHHJII .v;eHem-
HblX cpe.v;CTB, 3anper..qeHHbIx TOBapOB 11 MHbIX MaTepJllaJIbHblX
l\eHHOC'Teii .v;OJIiftHOCTHbIMJII JIJIIl.\aMH, COCTOHll.\MMJII B KOPPYMJ1J11-
pOBaRHbix CBH3HX C no.n;03peBaeMbIMJ1.
OnepaTl1BHblM 3Kcnepl1MeHT npOBo.v;I1TCH Ha OCHOBaH1111 npo-
BepeHHbIx .v;aHHblx no MOTHBHpoBaHHoMY nOCTaHOB.neHHlO
COTpYAHHKaMH OnepaTJIIBHbIX annapaToB C npHBJle'ieHJlleM cne-
l.\l1aJII1CTOB QnepaTI1BHo-nQI1CKOBbIX 11 QnepaTI1BHO-TeXHI1'Ie-
CKJIIX no.v;pa3.v;eJIeHJIIH, KOTopbIe Henocpe.v;cTBeHHo npHMeHJUOT
ay.v;Mo- H BJ'!):\e03anHCb. CJllmaJIbHYlO annapaTYPY. .n;pyrne OTC,
06YCJlOBJII1BaeMbie pemeHl1eM KOHKpeTHOM onepaTI1BHO-TaItTJII-
'leCKOH 3a.v;a'lJII [76].
IIpH o6HapyifteHHJII O'feBJII.,[IHbIX npl13HaKOB cOBepmeRHH npe-
CTynHblx .v;e.HHl1ii nOMOHTpOJlbHblM JI11QOM B xo.v;e npoBe.n;eHI1H
OnepaTl1BHOra 3KcnepHMeHTa (HanpHMep, nOJlY'leHJIIH B3HTKJII,
nepe.v;a'iJII nJllebMeHHbIX H Ber..qeCTBeHHbIX .v;oKa3aTeJIbCTB. Hap-
102 KOTl1KOB, OpyiftHJ'I J1 T.J\.) Hero .v;OKYMeHTa.nbHOM I:JJJIIKCal\JIIH
COOTBeTCTBYlOr..qI1MH onepaTHBRO-TeXHH'-ieCKHMJII cpe.n;CTBaMH

pe3yJIbTaTbi O<}JOpMJIHlOTCH aXTOM Ha BCeX ero y'laCTHMKOB.
ITo CBoeH opMe aTOT .v;OKYMeHT .v;OJI:lKeH COOTBeTCTBOBaTb Tpe-
60BaHJIIHM, npe..n;"bHBJIeHHbIM K COCTaBJIemnO npOTOKOJIa CJIe..n;-
CTBeHHoro 3KcnepHMeHT8, 6e3 yxa38HIiIH B HeM CBeAeHIili1,
COCT8BJlHlOLqlilX rocy.v;apCTBeHHYlO TaHHY, H C npJllJIOmeHHeM
MaTepJllaJIbHblX HOCJIITeJIeH HHl:JJoPMal.\11H, nOJIY'feHHbIX C nOMO-
LqblO OTC. ART OnepaTJIIBHoro aKCnepHMeHTa paCCMaTp11B8eTCJ'I
PYKOBOJJ;CTBOM OnepaT:.iBHoro nOJJ;pa3..n;eJIeH11J'1, no HeMY npHHJII-
MaeTCH peweHHe 0 nepe.v;a'le MaTepHaJIOB CJIe.v;OBaTeJIlO HJIH
cy.v;be B CJIY'IaHX, eCJIJII OHJII .v;onOJIHHlOT .v;OKa3aTeJIbCTBa 0 BJIIHO-
BHOCTH JIJIIl.\, npHBJIe'leHHbIX II: YfOJIOBHOM OTBeTCTBeHHOCTH,
JIJII600 B036ym..n;eH:.i11 HOBoro yroJIOBHOro .v;eJIa.
OnepaTHBHble .v;aHHble MorYT cOJJ;epmaTbCH 11 6blTb 3aKpe-
nJleHbl B CJIe.v;ylOr..qHX MaTepl1aJIbHbIX pe3YJIbTaTaX OP)];:
B panopTax, cnpaBKax, COCTaBneHHbIX Y'laCTHHKaMH, 0CYll.\ecT-
BJlHlOll.\JIIMH AaHHbIe MepOnpJIIHTJ1H; Ha TeXHVrqeCKHX cpe.v;CTBax
I:JJ11KCal.\1iI1iI 11Hl:JJopMa1iI (B MaTeplil8JIaX I:JJOTO-, XJilHO-, B11.v;eo-
C"beMKH, H8 MafHHTHblX HOCJIITeJIJ'lX JII T.n.); B 06"bHCHeHlilJlx JIJIIl.\,
Y'IaCTBYlOll.\HX B OPM; B coo6r..qeHJIIHX 1I:0Hl:JJliltleHl.\HaJIbHb1X
IiICTO"lHJIKOB.
HaH60Jlee 6narOnpHHTHaH ,l\JIH peaJIH3a:qHJII OnepaTHBHoro
.v;eJIa cHTyal.\JIIH CKJIaAblBaeTcH, Kor.v;8 er..qe.v;o B036ym,!\eHHH yro-
JIOBHOro .v;eJI8 nonY'IeHa Ma.RCHMaJIbHO nOJIHaH onep8TJIIBHaH
HHcpOpMal\JIIH 0 AeHTeJIbHOCT:.i npecT}'nHoro 1:JJ0pMJllpOBaH:.iH.
2.4. J\oKYMeHTJ.1pOBaHHe npoTHBonpaBHoi:1 ,lI,eneJ1bHOCTJ.1
3THH"IeCKHX npecrynHblx rpynn
AKTyaJIbHOCTb 6opb6bI C npecTynHbIMJII CTpYKTypaMJII (rpyn-
naMH), cl:JJopMHposaHHblMH no 3THH'IeCKOMY npHHI1Y, H8
CerO.l\HHIlJHIili1 .v;eHb O'IeBIiltlHa. 06 3TOM cBl1.v;eTeJIbCTBY€T pH..n;
co:qHanbHO-3KOHOMJII'IeCKI1X H npaBOBblX rnTyal\I1i1, HaJI:.i'lHe
np06JIeM 60pb6bI C 3THI1'feCKoi1 npecTynHOCIblO. Cpe.v;11 HI1X,
npem..n;e Bcero, HeYKJIOHHbli1 pOCT 'It1CJIa npeC'rynneHIili1, COBep-
W8eMbIX 3THt1'feCKJIIMt1 rpa:m.n;aHaMJII POCCJIIH H HHOCTpaHl.\8MH,
Heal:JJl:JJeKTt1BHOCTb nplilMeHeHIiIJI Tpa.v;t1l.\IiIOHHbIX cpe.v;CTB 11 103
MeTo.v;OB OnepaTHBHO-p03b!CKHOH .v;eHTeJIbHOCTH B yCJlOBt1HX

nOBbIllIeHHoro KpYlMYlHaJIbHoro npo<peCCYlOHaJIYl3Ma. ITpYl ylta-
3aHHbiX 05CTOHTeJlbCTBaX OCHOBHOe BHJIIMaHJlle npl1 paCKpblTJ.1JII
npeerYIIJIeHYlH, COBepllIeHHblX npe,n;CTaBJIITeJIHMH pa3J1M'iHblX
3THOCOB, npOiKYlBaIOLqI1X Ha Teppl1TOpl1.11 POCC1111, y,Ae.JIHeTCH
OCYl1\eCTBJIeHHID MepOIIpl1HTYlM no .v;OKYMeHTJllpOBaHHlO HX npe-
CTYIIHOH .v;eHTeJIbHOCTYI JII HCnOJlb30BaHHlO nOJIY'ieHHb!X CBe,IJ;e-
H11i1 .v;M B036yit<:J\eH11H yronOBHoro .v;eJIa 11 npl1BJIe'ieHi1SI B.I1HO-
BHblX K yrOJlOBHOH OTBeTCTBeHHOCTJII.
BblHBJIeHJlle KOHKpeTHblX Y'laCTHJ.1KOB rpynnJ.1pOBOK npOHC-
XOAJ'lT, Italt npaBI1J10, C nOMOl1\blO npOBe,AeHJ.1H KOMOJIeltCa one-
paTJlIBHO-p03b1CKHb!X MepOnpJ.1HTHH, onpe.v;eJIeHHblX CT. 6
q,e.v;epaJIbHoro 3aKOHa «06 OP)];}}.
OCHOBaHI1HM11 Ha'laJ1a .v;oItYMeHrnpOBaH11E npecTyoHoi1 ,AeE-
TeJIbHOCTJII 3THJII'IeCKYlX rpynn HBJIfIIDTCH HaJIJII'IHe I1Hl:JJoPMallJ.1J11
o npJ.13HaKaX no.v;rOT3BJIYlBaeMOro, COBepllIaeMoro HJlH cOBep-
llIeHHoro npOTI1BonpaBHoro .v;ei1cTBi1SI 3THI1'IeCItOli npecTynHoi1
rpynnoM JIH60 CBe.v;eHJ.1fI 0 JlHl.\ax, no.v;o3peBaeMblX B ux no.v;rD-
TOBKe H COBepllIeHJIIH, a TaKme HaXO.I\Hll.\I1:XCH B p03bICKe 3a
cOBepllIeH11e npecryIIJ1eHI1J1.
)];OKYMeHTJllpOB3HHe npOTJIIBOnp3BHoH ,AeHTeJIbHOCTJII 3THJII'Ie-
CKYlX rpynn paCCMaTpYlBaeTCH RaR npOl.\eCC, o6eCne'iHBalOl1\","
.v;oKYMeHTaJ1bHYlO I:JJJIIKC8q11lO o6Hapyit<:J.1BaeMblx C06bITJ.1i1, 41aK-
TaB, .v;eHCTBJlli1:, 3a COBepllIeHHe KompblX no .v;eHCTBYlOl1\eMY
3aKOHO.I\aTeJIbCTBy npe.v;yCMaTpHBaeTCH yrOJIOBHaH OTBeTCTBeH-
HOCTb.
ITpe)K)1e 'IeM nepeHTJII K oco6eHHOCTHM opraHI1:3allHJII JII TaK-
THKYI .v;OK}'MeHTHpOBaHYlH npOTJIIBOnpaBHoi1: .v;eHTeJlbHOCTI1 3THM-
'leCKJ.1X npecTynHblx CTPYKryp. npYlBe.v;eM .v;8HHble KpI1MI1H0J10-
rU'ieCKOrO HCCJIe.v;OBaHI1H, KaCaIDl1\erOCH 3THJII'ieCKOH
npecrynHoCTH. 113 'iYlc.na paCKpblTblX npecrynJIeHYlM 43% 3THO-
oCym)1eHHblx COBepllll1JII1 npecTynJIeHI1H npOT11B 3.v;OpOBbJI 11
HpaBcTBeHHOCTI1; 36% - npOTJlIB c06cTBeHHocTYI; 21% - npOTl1B
>KJII3HH H 3.I\OpOBbH; 7,5% - npOTJIIB 05Il\eCTBeHHoM 6e30nacHo-
CTJ.1. CBbIllie 35UO np113HaHbI cy.v;aMJ.1 pel.\I1.I\J.1BI1CTaMJ.1, 2,1 ('c. -
onaCHblMU pelll1.I\JIIBHCTaMYI, l,65'c - oco50 onaCHblMH pel.\JII,!\I1:BJII-
CT8MJ.1. Hau60JIee BbICOKHi1: pellYl,!\YlB cpeAJ'l lIblraH - 51%,
10'1 'Ie'ieHl.\eB - 400;., a3ep6ai1:,r:pK3HQeB - 26f1" MOJI,!\3BaH H apMJ'lH -
20';i!, ,napmHQeB - 17%, rpy3J.1H - 12% [77].

ITOJI)"-IeHHbIe B xo.v;e I1CCJle.v;OBaH11f! 3THI'NectOOH npecTynHO-
CT11 CBe.v;eHJIIH n03BOJIHlOT B 06ll.\HX ':IepTax .v;aTb TJllnOJlorJII':le-
CK11M nOpTPeT ':IJIeHOB npecTynHblx rpynn B 'laCTHOCTJII, 3TO
TPy.v;oCnOC06Hble JI11l.\8 B B03pacTe 18-49 JIeT, cl1TyaTI1BHoro
THna JIJII':IHOCTII, C xapaKTepOM MrHOBeHHoro npHHHTJIIH pellleHVLH
o cOBepllleHHJII npecTynJIeHJIIH; He 3alUlTbIe B npOJ'!3Bo.v;CTBeHHOH
H X03HtlcTBeHHotl .v;eHTeJIhHOCTH JII .v;o ocym,!\eHJII.fI He pa60TaB-
lllVLe; He 3aHHTepeCOBaHHbie B nOJlY':leHVLH 06pa30BaHJIIH; He CBH-
3aHHbie 6pa'iHb1MH OTHOllleHVLHMJII, He np113HaKJI.q11e MOpaJlbHO-
3TI1QeC:K:11x HOpM; He cnoco6HbIe c.v;epm11BaTb npOHBJleH11H
arpeCCHBHOCT11; He HMeIOll.\Jlle nonOm11TeJIbHblX HHTepeCOB; He
no.v;,!\epmJIIBaKJI.q11e KOHTaKTOB C BJlMHHJIICTpal\Jlletl Y':lpe:H{)J;eHHfI
OT6bIBaHI1.f1 Halai38HJ1R; HetlTpaJIbHO OTHOCHll.\t1eCH K «BOPOB-
CKOMY KO.D;eKcy QeCTVL» JI1160 He no.v;.D;ep)ttVLBaIOll.\11e ero, "':ITO
Bbl)\eJI.fIeT I1X J'!3 o6J..qero ':IHCna pe1t11,!\JIIBJIICTOB; He CKnOHHble K
HcnpaBJIeHJlllO; BbInOJIHmOI.qHe ponb I1cnOnHJIITeJIetl npecTynne-
HI1i1 H HX OpraHJII3aTOpOB; CKJlOHHble K COBepllleHHIO npecrynne-
HI1i1 B rpynne, B Ipynne JIJIIl.\ no npe.v;Bapl1TenbHOMY croBopy,
opraHVL30B8HHOM rpynne; COBeplllaIOll.\Jlle B 60nblllt1HCTBe npe-
CTYllJIeH11H npOTJ1B 06I.qeCTBeHHOli HpaBCTBeHHOCT11. c06CTBeH-
HOCm:, )KVL3HH 11 3,!\OpOBbH [78].
1\ 'iJIICJIY a8KoHoMepHocTeH, cBot'icTBeHHblx npOHBneHHflM
3THVL'IeCKOH npecTynHOCTJ1, CJIe.v;yeT OTHeCTJII onpe,!\eJIeHHYlO
YCTOM'iHBOCTb 3THJII'ieCKI1X rpynn H JlIX nOBbillIeHHYlO KpHMJII-
HaJIbHYlO aKTJIIBHOCTb. B cpaBHeHJIIJII C .v;pyrJIIMJII npecryIIHHMH
l:JJopMHpOBaHJII,HMH 3THJIIQeCK11e, nOMJIIMO o6I.ql1x HHTepecoB,
.v;onOnHHKJTCH HalU'IOHanbHOH H penHTJI!03Hoi1 cOCTaBnHKJll.\ei1 H
3THOnCHXOJIOrl1'-1eCKJIIMH oco6eHHocTHMVL Hal\JIIOHaJIbHOro xapaK-
Tepa, '1TO B 3Ha'l11TeJIbHoi1 Mepe nOBbllliaeT I1X )ttI13Hecnoco6-
HOCTb, B03MO)KHOCTb 6blCTpO npHcnoca6JIJIIBaTbCH K MeHHlO-
I.qHMCH YCJIOBI1HM H HenpepblBHo cOBepllleHCTBOBaTb TaKTHKY
.v;ei1cTBI1i111 KOHCTIHpal.\1111 [79].
Onpoc COTpy.v;HHKOB npaBOOXpaHJIITeJIbHblX opraHoB pH.v;a
OnepaTJIIBHbIX no.v;pa3.v;eJIeHI1i1 CeBepo-l\aBlai3CKoro perJIIOHa
nOKa3an, '-ITO B 6 113 HJIIX C'iJIITalOT 3THI1'-1eCKYlO npecTynHocTb
cepbe3Hoi1 onaCHOCTblO, a 23% nOCTOHHHO C HeH CTaJIKI1Ba- 105
lOTCH[80].

Ha BOnpOC, ltaKl1e npl13HaKI1 XapaltTepHbI .v;JlH 3THJII'leCit01ii
npecrynHocTH. 75% onpollleHHblx nOKa3aJIJII Ha nOBbillIeHHYlO
Kpl1MHHOreHHOCTb 3THWieCKHX npecrynHblx rpynn; 15-2O'C -
Ha nOCTOHHHoe npOHBJI€HMe B I1X .n;eliicTBI1JIx 3KcTpeMl1cTcKO-
peJII1rH03HbIX npOJIBJleHJ.1i!I.
COTpy.v;Ht1KH HCnpaBJIITeJlbHblX yqpe*.n;eHHIii (37%) C'It1TaIOT,
'ITO .v;eJITeJIbHOCTb 3THH'IeCKJIIX rpynn B KOJlOHJllfiX HanpaBJleHa
Ha npOflBJleHHe CBoelii 3THH'IeCKOH He3aBHCHMOCTJ.1, a 41% onpo-
IlleHHblX OTMe'-lalOT I1X CTpeMJIeHJlle BblJleJIHTbCH cpe.v;JII oCY:>K-
,AeHHbIX .n.pymx Hal.\HOHaJIbHOcTe:fi
ITo MHeHJllIO Ka:>K.n;oro TpeTbero onpollleHHoro. Ha aKTJIIBHOCTb
3THM'IeCKHX npecTynHblx rpynn B perHOH€ BJlJ.1HeT cyw;eCTBOBa-
HHe He3aKOHHbIX BOOPY:>KeHHbIX 1:JJ0pMt1pOBaHJllIii; Me*3THJII'Ie-
CKJiIX 11 Me*peI'l10HaJlbHbIX KOH(j:IJIHItTOB; BJIHHHl1e 3KcTpeMHcT-
CKHX HCJlaMCKJIIX Te'leHI1i1.
TaKJIIM o6pa30M, cYl1\eCTBYlOl1\aH 3THJII'IeCKafi npecrynHOCTb
C Y'l€TOM BbIWenepe'lJIICJI€HHbIX npHcYW;I1X eH cnel.\I1I:JJJII'IeCItHX
OpM HBJlHeTCH HeraTJIIBHbIM 06CTOHTeJIbCTBOM, BJII1HlOll.\J.1M B
l\eJIOM Ha npecTynHocTb. HecJlY'laHHo nO'lTJII 50% onpoIlleHHblx
COTPYAHI1KOB BbICKa3aJll1 MH€HMe, 'ITO cyw;ecTBYIOll.\l1e 3THI1'1e-
CKHe npecTyIIHble rpynnbI OTpl1l\aTeJIbHO BJlJIIHlOT Ha COCTOHHHe
npecTynHocTH [81].
CTpyItTYPHo-cI1CTeMHaH CJIO)t<:HOCTb 3THK'leCKOli npecTyn-
HOCTI1 3aKJIlOlJaeTCH B TOM. 'ITO Ha ee COCTOHHJlle H .v;MHaMMKY,
nOMJIIMO nOJlHTH'IeCKHX, 3THOnCMXOJIOrJII'leCKJIIX l:JJaKTopOB,
BJIMHeT «HaCJIOeHHe» peJII1I'1103HO-3KCTpeMHcTcKo:fi MOTJIIBa:[I1J11.
B HaH60Jlee 06ll.\JIIX 'IepTax K KpHMJIIHOreHHOH MOTJIIBal\JIIOHHOH
rpynne peJIHrJlI03HbIX npOTJIIBOpe'll1i1 H pa3HornaCHIii MO:>KHO
OTHeCTJiI TaKl1e l:JJaKTopbI npecTynHoro nOBe,l\€Hl1fl OT,l\eJIbHOIii
KaTeropHH JIJIIl.\, KaK peJIHrl103HbIH (j:IaHaTJII3M. nceB,!\opeJIJIII'I103-
Hbllii 3KCTpeMt13M, OCHOBaHHb!e H8 JIH'IHOH 3aHHTepeCOBaHHOCTJII
C l.\eJIb}(l no.v;,IJ;epit<:aHI1H npeCTI1Ji\a, 3aBOeBaHI111 8BTOpI1TeTa,
JIl1,!\epCTBa c arpeCCJ1BHoi1 OKpaCKOH; 3THOHal.\MOHaJIbHbIX npo-
TJlIBOpe'lItllX, nepepaCTalOll.\MX B KOHcpJIJIIKTbI. OTMeTHM, 'ITO
peJIJllrJII03HbIIii 3KCTpeMI13M cnoco6eH nopom.l\8Tb KaFt o6ll.\eyro-
106 JIOBHYlO npecTynHOCTb. TaK H npecrynJIeHHH npOTJIIB npaBOcy-
.v;IDI, nopH,!\Ka ynpaBJleHltlI11 0611\eCTBeHHOM 6e30naCHOCTH.

CTPYXTYPJ'IpOBaHMe 3TH11'1eCKMX rpynn no KJIaHOBO-pO.v;O-
BOMY npl13HaKY BblCBeTI1JIO TaKI1e 3aKOHOMepHOCTH, KaK nO.r\'IJII-
HeHHOCTb OT.v;eJIbHOrO J1H,IJ;I1BH.l\a rpynne H 3aBJIICJIIMOCTb OT Hee,
Ba:>KHOCTb 0;J;06peHI1H ero nOBe,l\eHI1H co CTOpOHbI rpynnbI, T.e.
HaJIH'IJlle BHYTpJlIrpynnoBoH no.v;.v;ep:>KKJII, rocno.v;CTBO Bepm-
KaJIbHb!X M€*nOKOJIeHHbIX CBH3eH, HpKO BbIpa:meHHoe CTpeMJIe-
Hl1e K CaMOt1.r\eHTMI:JJJIIKal.\MI1 11 Tpa,l\l1QI10HaJII13MY. B CBfl3M C
3THM MO:>KHO npe,l\nOJIO:>KJIITb, 'ITO B03.v;eHCTBMe 3THJ1'1eCKoi1:
06ll.\HOCTJII. HaJIJ'!'fHOCTb H nOJIHaH 3aBJIICHMOCTb OT Hee HaMHoro
CI1JIbHee, 'IeM B03;J;eliicTBMe CYll.\eCTBYlOll.\elii 06ll.\eKp"MMHaJIb-
HOH Cy6KYJIbTYPbJ.
HanlJ.1 HCCJIe,l\OBaHI1H B 06JIaCTJII KpHMHHOJIOrJII':leCKI1X xapaK-
Tepl1CTJIIK n03BOJIHlOT c.v;e.naTb BbIBO.v;, '1TO .v;OKYMeHTMpOBaHl1e
.v;eHCTBI1Iii 3THM':IeCKJIIX rpynn npe,l\nOJIaraeT npe:>K;J;e Bcero npo-
HHKHOBeHMe B Y3JIOBbie 3BeHbH 3THOKpHMHH8JIbHOH l.{enO':lKH H
I:JJJIIKCal.\l1lO TaM MaKCMMaJIbHO nOJIHolii. .v;OCTOBepHolii 11 06'"beK-
TIlBHOM JllHl:JJopMal.{J'!JII 0 cpaKTax rOTOBHll.\MXCH I1JIJII COBeprnae-
MbJX .v;eHHMH. CTeneHH BMHOBHOCTI1 npH'IaCTHbJX K HHM JIJIIl.\,
CYll.\eCTBylOlQI1X Mem3THI1'ieCKMX KOHI:JJJIMKTOB 11 T.,IJ;.
,lXei1:cTBYlOlQI1e Be,l\OMCTBeHHbIe HOpMamBHbJe aKTbJ, perYJIMpy-
lOlQI1e BonpOCbl OnepaTJIIBHOH pa3pa6oTKJII, He OXBaTbIBalOT
Bcero KOMnJIeKCa np06JIeM, CBH3aHHb!X C .v;OKYMeHTMpoBaHl1eM
npecTynHoH .v;eHTeJIbHOCTJII 3THWleCKHX npecTynHblx rpynn,
OHH opHeHTJllpYlOT onepaTMBHblH COCTaB Ha onepaTMBHYlO pa3-
pa60TKY OT.v;eJIbHbIx JII1'1HOCTeii Dpl1 3TOM He .v;o KOHQa Y'II1TbI-
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paCCJIOeHJlle. Or J1X OCHOBHOH MaCCbl, HMeHYlOll.\eH ce6H «BopaMH
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HHfI MepOnpHflTJIIH no pa3J10)KeHJlllO BOpOBCKOro coo6ll\ecTBa.
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rpynnJllpOBKe «BOpOB B 3aKOHe». OHt1 Ha'iaJIt1Cb nocJle npI1HHTJ1J'1
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l\JIIH BOpOB B MeCTax JlJIIllleHMH CB060;:(bl. 06a TJII 06CTOHTeJIb-
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n11pOBtt11 H Bpa>KAe Me.7K;:u' caM11MH BopaM11, BbI3BaHHoi160pb60i1
3a npaBo 06HpaTb 3aKJl1O'ieHHb!X. Ha BOpOBCKJIIX cxo.v;Kax B
MeCTax JIJIIllleHI1H cB060.v;bl nepeCMaTpHBaJIOCb «npaBOBoe»
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IIpJ'!'-leM H3I'HaHHble J13 Hee cpa3Y me nepexo.v;JllJlH K «OTOllle.n;-
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3JIOCTHbIMH npOHBJIeHJIIHMJII 6aH,!\JllTI13Ma cpeJ(H 3aKJllO'ieHHbIX B
HcnpaBHTeJlbHo-Tpy.v;OBbIX JIarepHxl>.
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132 C006ll\eCTB 3aKJl1O'-IeHHblX. B .v;OKYMeHTax opraHOB BHYTpeH-
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CHMO OT KOJIJllqeCTBa CY,lJ;MMOCTeH H cOBepweHHoro npecrynJIe-
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3anpeIl\8JIOCb TaKme nepeBo.v;JIITb 'lJIeHOB rpynnHpOBoK JlI3
O,IJ;HOrO JIarepH B .v;pyroH, KaK TO qaCTO .v;eJIaJIOCb a.I\MHHJIICTpa-
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.v;OJI:i!1:Horo nOpH)J;Ka. «BOpbl B 3aKoHe», KaK OTMe'iaJIOCb Tor.v;a,
OKa3bIBaJII1 opraH1130BaHHoe HenOBI1HOBeHMe 11 npOTI1Bo.v;ei1-
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BHYTpeHHJIIX .v;eJI, OC06eHHO npH Heo6xo.l\HMOCTIii CPOqHOH pea-
JIJII3a1.1;IiIH Onepan'IBHO-p03bICKHbIX ,AaHHbIX 0 nepeMell{eHMH
HapIWTMKOB, Opy:ac;IiIH M .v;PYrJiIX 3anpeIl\eHHbIX B IiIcnpaBIiIT€JIb-
HbIX Y'Ipem;:\eHMHX npe.v;MeTOB (BeIl..\eCTB), p03blCKa C6e:ac;aBll1J'!X
npecrynHHKoB, npeCe'ieHMH .v;eHTeJIbHOCTIii npecTynHblx rpynn,
B nepBylO O'lepe.Ab, 3KCTP€MMCTCKO-peJIJ1TI103HOH HanpaBJIeH-
HOCTJII, CTpeMHlItl1XCH BOBJIe'lb OCYm;:\eHHbIX, a TaK:ac;e opraHH30-
BaHHblX npecTynHblx rpynn, .v;eHCTBJIIH KOTOpblX HanpaBJIeHbI Ha
,Ae30praHI13al.\111O IiICnpaBIiIT€JIbHbIX Y'lpe.n;€HI1i1 nyT€M C03.v;a-
HHfI YCJIOBHH ,AJIfI MaCCOBbIX 6ecnopH.v;KOB Ocym;:\eHHbIX. 3TO
BbI3bIBaeT He06xo.n;JIIMOCTb .v;onOJIHHTeJIbHOrO M€mBe.v;OMCTBeH-
Horo yperyJIl1pOBaHIiIH BonpOCOB, CBH3aHHbIX C OpraHliI3al.\l1ei11iI
OCYIl\€CTBJIeHHeM COBMecTHb1X OnepaTJIIBHO-p03bICKHblX Mepo-
npHfITJIIH.
Onpe.v;eJIeHHble Tpy.v;HOCTItI BbI3bIBaeT Ha npaKTI1K€ npJIIMe-
HeHHe pH,!\a OnepaTItIBHO-p03blCKHbIX MepOnpHHTJIIH B '-teJIHX
BbIHBJIeHMH 3aMbllllJIHeMbIX npecTynJIeHHH. Oc060e BHHMaHltle
npaKTIiI'lecKUe pa60THliIKItI 06pall{8lOT Ha OTcyTCTBMe rapaHTItI-
pOBaHHOH 3aIl..\JIITbl rpa>K.n;aH, IiICnOJIb3yeMblx (c HX COrJIaCJIIH)
npH OPM. CTaTbH 18 q,e.n;epaJIbHOrO 3aKOHa «06 OP)J;» rapaH-
mpyeT npaBoBYlO 3aLqliITY JIIiI'-t, IiI3'bHBI1BlllIiIX corJIaCliIe CO.n;eM-
CTBOBaTb no KOHTpaKry opraHaM, oCYlItecTBJIHlOIl..\JIIM onepa-
THBHO-p03bICKHYlO .v;eHTe.1IbHOCTb, npH YCJIOBJIIH npaBoMepHoro
BbInOJIHeHMH IiIMIii 06ll.\€CTBeHHoro .v;OJIra IiIJlI1 B03J10:ac;€HHbIX Ha
HHX 06H3aHHocTeH. O.v;HaKo 3aKOH TO'lHO He onpe.v;eJIMJI, 'ITO BXO-
.v;I1T «B npaBOMepHoe nOBe.v;eHJlle», KaK ero npMMeHHTb K JIJIIl.\8M B
yCJIOBI1HX, HanpliIMep, IiIX QnepaTI1BHoro BH€.n;peHl1fl B npecTyn-
Hble rpynnbi.
KOMMeHTapHHMIiI K 413 «06 OP)J;» peKOMeH.I\yeTcH cy6"beK-
TaM BHe.v;peHItIH JIliIlllb IiIMIiiTliIpOBaTb npecTynHYIO .v;€.fITeJIbH0CTb,
'ITO npaKTJII'IeCKJII HenpliIeMJIeMO npM BbUlBJIeHJllIiI npecrynJIeHIIIi1:
KaTerOpHI1 THmKMX, HanpHMep, o6Hapy:ac;eHJIIH KaHaJIOB nOCTY-
nJIeHI1H HapKOTI1KOB B ItIcnpaBl1TeJIbHble Y'lp€m.n;€HIiIJI, MeCT IiIX
xpaHeHHfI, YCTaHOBJIeHHJII JIl1)I;epOB H aKTHBHblX Y'iaCTHHKOB
npecTynHbIx rpynn, o6ecne'leHHJII HX 3a.v;€p:ac;aHI1H C nOJlI1'1HbIM,
156 IiI3"bHTJlIJII aanpeIl..\eHHbIX npe.v;MeTOB JlIBell\eCTB. CJle.v;oB8TeJIbHO,
l\eJIeCOO6pa3Ho ,lIaJIbHeHlllee COBepllleHCTBOBaHJlle npaBoBoro

perYJIltlpOBaHItI,fI OnepaTItIBHO-p03blCKHOi1: .v;eETeJIbHOCTI1.
BO-nepBblX, Heo6xo.l\l'lMO 60Jlee .v;eTaJIbHOe 3aKOHO.v;aTeJIbHOe
onpe.v;eJIeHJlle npaBOMepHOCn:l BbmOJlHeHJIIH JIHu;aMJII, OKa3blBalO-
Il\I1MJiI CO.v;ei1:cTBJile B 60pb6e C npecryoHocTblO, B03J10:>KeHHbIX Ha
HHX 06H3aHHOCTeH; BO-BTOPbIX, .v;aTb nOHHTHe, 'iTO BKJllO'laeT B
Ce6H npaBOBaH 3aLQ;I1Ta, rapaHTl1pyeMaH rOcy.v;apCTBOM (nOMHMO
COl.\JllaJlbHblX rapaHTJlli1:, onpe.v;eJIeHHbIX B 3aKOHe); B-TpeTbJIIX,
u;eJIeC006pa3HO paClIII1pl1Tb Kpyr JIJIIl.\, KOTOpblM rocy.v;apCTBO
rapaHTltlpyeT npaBOBYlO 3allll1TY npl1 npaBOMepHOM BbmOJlHe-
HHJIII1MH B03J10:>KeHHbIX 06H3aHHOCTeH. MHblMJII CJlOBaMH, rapaH-
THI1 rocy.v;apCTBa .v;OJI)f{HbI HMeTb He TOJlbKO JIHI..\8, pa60TalOllIl1e
no KOHTpaKry, HO 11 .v;pyrJlle KaTeropJIII1 (11J1J11 KaTeropl1H) rpam-
.v;aH, OKa3blBalOIl\JIIX co.n;ei1:cTBJlle OnepaTJIIBHblM no.v;pa3.n;eJleHHHM
B 60pb6e C npeCTynHOCTblO.
3aCJIY:>KJIIBaeT BHI1MaHJUI np06JIeMa HeBOCTpe60BaHHOCTJII
3Ha'iHTeJIbHOH 'iaCTH OnepaTJIIBHO-p03bICKHOH HH41opMal.\H>i,
co.v;ep:>Kamei1:CH B .v;eJIax orrepaTJ'lBHoro Y'ieTa, rrOCJIe ItIX c.v;a'iJ'l B
apXHB. CneltHaJIbHble HCCJIe.v;OBaHHJ'I nOKa3blBalOT, 'iTO B .v;eJlax
onepaTHBHoro Y'ieTa oce.v;aeT 3Ha'iJIITeJlbHblH 06"beM TaK Ha3bl-
BaeMOM nonYTHoi1: I1H<J:IOPMal.\JIIJII (6oJlee nOJlOB>iHbl), KOTopaH
npH ee CHCTeMaTJII3al.\JIIItI .v;8CT .v;ono.rrmrreJIbHble CBe.v;eHJIIH 0
npeCTYOHOH .v;eJlTeJIbHOCTH B MeCTax JIHWeHMH CBo6o.n;bl H n03BO-
JIJIIT nOBbICI1Tb ypoBeHb 06ecne'ieHJllJ'I pem>iMa co.v;ep:m8HJllJ'I
ocy:m,neHHbIX. C Y'ieTOM aToro O.v;HOH J:I3 opraHH3aI.tHOHHo-yopaB-
JIeH'ieCl(JilX 3a,na'i B c41epe OPE npe,nCTaBJIHeTCH o6ecne'ieHJlle
lteHTpaJIH30BaHHoro HaKOnJIeHJUI JII HCnOJlb30BaHJllJ'I onepa-
THBHO-p03bICKHOH HmlJopMal.\JIIH, KOTOpaH, 6Y.l\Y'litl CKOHu;eHTpH-
pOBaHHoi1:, I1MeeT Ka'ieCTBeHHO J'lHOe co.v;epmaHl1e no cpaBHeHl110
C pa3p03HeHHbIMM ,naHHblMJII It! MO:>KeT 6blTb I1CnOJIb3OBaHa .v;JlH
.v;OCTJiI:>KeHJilJ'I Italt TeltYll\l1X, Taft H T8ftTM'ieCKJIIX :u;eJIeH.
4.2. I-1H41opMaI.1.IoiOHHOe o6ecne'leHloie onepaTIoiBHo-p03bICKHOH
,lJ,eJnellbHOCTIoi B MeCT8X OrobIB8HI-1S1 HaKa3aHIoiSl
B TeOpHIt! onepaTHBHo-p03blcKHOi1: .v;eHTeJIbHOCTII no,n U1tfpop-
MatfUeU IIOHI1M8lOT .v;aHHble, cBe.v;eHItIH, l:JJaKTbl, C06blTIlH, 06CTO- 157
HTeJIbCTBa [110], B03HHKalOI.qJlle B npaKTJIIKe 60pb6bI C npecTyn-

HOCTblO. O.v;HattO TaKoe nOHJ1MaHJ1e CYIl\eCTBeHHO orpaHJiI'IJilBaeT
CYTb OnepaTJlIBHO-p03b1CKHOM J1H<J;IOpMal.\JIIH Ha COBpeMeHHOM
3Tane 60Pb6b! C npecTyIIHOCTbIO.
qTO npet\CTaBJUIeT co60i1 onepamU61t0-p031>tC1CltaR uurJ5op-
J\W1JUR, nOJlY'IaeMaH B MeCTax JIJIIllleHHJ'I CB060.v;bl, KaKOBbl
cneJ1(I)J'!Ka, npH3HaK", OTJI"':IHH, n03BOJIHle OTl'paRH'IHTb
ee OT .v;PYI11X BItI.v;OB CObHOi1 J1H<lJopMal.\JilItI?
ITo HallleMY MHeHJlllO, co.v;epmaHHe OnepaTJIIBHO-p03bICKHOH
HI$opMal.\ItIJII, nOMItlMO <lJaKTOB, CBe.v;eHJIIH, ,lIaHHblX BKJlRRae-r B
ce6H pH,!\ KOMnOHeHTOB, TaKJilX, ttaK YCJIOBJ1H, B KOTOpblX npo-
TeKaeT .v;eHTeJIbHOCTb OnepaTItIBHb!X annapaTOB J1CnpaBHTeJIb-
HblX KOJlOHMH; 06eCne'ieHHe pemHMHb!X MeponpHHTHH no
nO)J)\epmaHJ1lO J1cnOJIHeHMH HattaaaHME; 1:JJ0pMJ1pOBaHJ1e onepa-
TIlBHO-TaKTWieCKOM 06CTaHOBKJII. KpOMe TOro, B co.v;epmaHHe
OnepaTIlBHO-p03bICKHOH JIIH<lJOpM8l.\JIIH BXO.l\HT nCHXOJlOr"':Ie-
CKJile 'Ie})Tbl JIMl.\, no.v;0:3peBaeMblx B no.v;rOTOBtte J1 COBepIlIeHHJ1
npecTynJIeHJIIH; TeKYll.\Jlle pemMMHo-npoI:JJMJIaKTWieCKJlle J1 one-
paTHBHO-p03b!CKHble MepOnpJIHTJIIH; CBe,IJ;eH"H 06 ocy.m,IJ;eHHblX,
3aMblIlIJlHlOll.{J1X J1 no.v;rOTaBJlJ1BalOll.{J1X npecTynJleHJ1H; 06CTOH-
TeJIbCTBa, J1MeI01l\Jlle Henocpe.v;cTBeHHoe 3Ha'leHHe ,!\JIH nJlaHJII-
pOBaH"H J1 0CYll.\eCTBJleHJIIH OnepaTJIIBHO-p03blCKHblX H pe.mJIIM-
HblX MepOnpJIIHTJili1:.
Ba.mHbIM TaKTJII':IeCKJIIM 3J1eMeHTOM OnepaTJIIBHO-p03bICKHOH
HH<lJOpMal.\HH B J1CnpaBHTeJIbHblX Y'Ipem.n;eHHHX HBJIHeTCH
«cnel.\JiI<lJItIKa J1CTO'lHltlttOB ee nOJlY'leHJilH» [111], 'lTO, B KOHe'lHOM
C'leTe, OTJIJII':IaeT ee OT .v;pyrJ1X BJ1)10B COltHaJIbHOi1: J1HI:JJOpMal.\JIIH
(HanpHMep, 3KOHOMJII':IeCKOH, .v;eMorpa4)J'!'IeCKOH H .v;p.), KOTO-
pble He 06J18,IJ;aIOT cnel.\ItI€l)J'!'IeCKItIMItl npltl3HattaMJ1 onepaTJ1BHO-
p03blCKHOM JIIH<lJOpMaltHJII HM no :J1CTO'lHHKaM J1X nOJlyqeHJIIH, HJII
no l.\eJIHM :J1cnOJlb30BaHJIIH B onepaTHBHO-p03bICKHOM .n;eHTeJIb-
HOCTItl.
B caMOM llIJ.1pOKOM CMblCJle J1Hl:JJopMaQHH eCTb 0603HaqeHHe
HeKOTopOH <J;IOpMbl CBH3eM HJlJ1 3aBJIICHMOCTII o5DeKToB, HBJle-
HJ1i1, MbICJlJ1TeJlbHbIX npOl.\eCCOB. MccJIe.v;y.H, HanpJ1Mep, pOJIb
HHl:JJopMal.\"JII B ynpaBJIeHHH, MO.mHO HCTOJIKOBaTb nOHHTIle
«J1H<J;IOpMal.\JIIH» Kaft HeftOTopyro COBOKynHOCTb cBe.v;eH"H (co06-
Il\eHHi1), onpe.v;eJI.HlOll.\Jllx Mepy HalllHX 3H3HJllj;j: 0 Tex J1JIJII J1HbIX
C06bIT"Hx,l:JJaKT8x HX B3a"MOCBH3H [112).
15/1

TaKYJM 06pa30M, npe,ACTaBJIeHYJe 0 nOJIY'IaeMOi1I11HI:JJOpMal.\1II1II
KaK JIlIIlIIb 0 KaKOM-JIH60 COl\lIIaJIbHOM 41eHoMeHe [113), cTPeMJIe-
HHe Orpaml'1Jt1Tb ee TOJIbKO cl:JJepoH 06LQ;eHHH Mem;:u' ocym.v;eH-
HbIMIII, 6e3 Y'leTa YCJIOBMi1 oT6bIBaHMH IIIMIil HaKa3aHIIIH, oc06eH-
HocTeH JIH'IHOCTJII ocy:m:.!\eHHblx JI IiIX MOpaJIbHO-HpaBcTBeHHoro
06mlKa He .v;8eT nOJIHOM KapTHHbl COBpeMeHHoro COCTOHHJIIH npe-
CTynHOCTYJ
B CBH3H C 3TJIIM B03HJIIKJIH HOBbIe JlHl:JJopMaltlllOHHbIe HanpaB-
JIeHl:IH, oT06pa:m:alOll.\Jtle omeKTHBHb!e HBJIeHl:IH .v;eHCTBHTeJIb-
HOCTYJ B MeCTax JIl:IlIIeHl:IH CB060.!\bI, B 'l8CTHOCTJI:
- onpe,AeJIHlOll.\Jlle co.v;ep:m:aHHe JI 3Ha'leHMe IIIH410pMal.\JIIH,
nOJIY'IeHHOH OT pa3JIl:I'IHblX HCTO'lHJIIKOB;
- nplllo6peTalOLQ;Me 3Ha'leHllle .!\JIE nplllHHTl:IE pellleHl:IM nplll
onpe.v;eJIeHHJII, HanpHMep, eMKOCTYJ «naMHTJII» HHI:JJOpMal.\JIIOHHO-
nOJIICKOBblX CHCTeM;
- 410PMl:IpYIOll.\l:Ie KOHJJ;enJJ;YJIO IIIffllJOPMal.\l:Il1 .v;JIH pa3JII1'1HbIX
c41ep .v;eHTeJIbHOCTJ'! B KOJIOHIlfIX (YCTaHOBJIeHYJe pe>KJIIMa H
BbinOJIHeHJIIH He06xo.!\JtlMbiX Tpe60BaHJIIH, HCnOJIb30BaHHe ay.v;Jllo-
BH3yaJIbHbIX, 3JIeKTpOHHbIX I1I1HbIX TeXHH'IeCKIIIX cpe.v;CTB Ha)1-
30pa H KOHTpOJIH, OCYll.\eCTBJIeHHe onepaTHBHO-p03bICKHOH ,AeH-
TeJIbHOCTJII H Mep 6e30nacHocTII) [114].
IIplilMeHIIITeJIbHo K onepaTIlBHO-p03bICKHbIM 3aAa'l8M, peIII8-
eMblM B lteJIHX 60pb6bl C npecrynHocTblO, co.v;ep:m:aHJlle onepa-
TIlBHO-p03bICKHOH JIIHI:JJOpMaltl:lH oTpa:w:aeT ee CJIy.me6Hoe
Ha3Ha'leHHe - nOJIY'llllTb C006ll.\eHHe 0 no.!\rOTOBKe JIH60 cOBep-
llleHYJJII npoTJIIBDnpaBHbIX .v;eileTBJIIH ocy:m:.!\eHHb!MJII, Jl3 KOTOpblX
60JIee 60%. oWbIBalOT H8Ka3aHJlle 3a oc060 THmKl:Ie npecTynJIe-
HIilH. KpoMe Toro, ell.\e O.v;HO Ha3Ha'leHHe onepaTHBHo-p03bICK-
HOH JlHl}xJpMaltHJII - o6Hapy:m:MTb CBH3b Me>K;:u' 41aKTaMM npe-
cTynHoro .v;eHHHH H C06blTHHMH HX COBepllleHJIIH: nOJIY':lHTb
KaKOe-JIH60 C006ll.\eHHe 06 3TOM 1113 BHelllHero MYlpa.
Co.n;ep}KaHHe OnepaTJIIBHO-p03bICKHOH HHI:JJOPMaJJ;JIIYJ OTJIJII-
':IaeTCH lllHpOKHM pa3Ho06pa3HeM CBe.v;eHHi1, OTHOCHll.\HXCH
TaK}Ke K xapaKTepMCTIilKe onepaTHBHO-TaKTH':IeCKoi1 06CTa-
HOBKl:I, OCHOBHbIX CJ'!JI H cpe.v;CTB OnepaTHBHO-p03bICKHOH
.v;eHTeJIbHOCTH B YJcnpaBHTeJIbHblX Y':lpem,I:\eHHHx [115].
XapaKTepHcTHKa CJllJI JII cpe.v;cTB OnepaTYlBHO-p03bIcKHofr .v;eH- 159
TeJIbHOCTJII - 3TO cBoe06pa3Hbli1 MaCCHB JIIHl:JJoPMallYJl:I, OTpa:m:a-

lOIl\l1H B03M(J)KH0CTJI ltaK rJIaCHbIX, TaK 11 HerJIaCHbIX I1CTO'lHl1-
KOB nOJIY'IeHHH JIIH4JopMa1.1;l1J11 OnepaTHBHblMl1 8nnapaTaMl1, HX
XapaKTepHCTHKY, 01.1;eHKY pe3YJIbT8TOB UCnOJIb30BaHHH.
OnepaTJIIBHO-p03bICKHaH I1Hl:JJopMaquH OTpa:maeT HBJIeHI1H,
C06bITI1H, o6c::rmrreJIbCTBa H JlI3MeHeHHH, He TOJIbKO B03HJIIKalO-
Il\He B npOl\eCce no.v;roToBKJII U COBeprneHJ1H npeCTyOJIeHHM, HO H
BJIMHlOIl\He Ha npecTynHoe nOBe.v;eHue ocy:m,!\eHHbIX.
MMeH 06'beKTJfBHbIH xapaKTep, onepaTHBHO-p03bICKHaH
HffilJOPMal.\11H B03HJIIK8eT B pe3YJIbTaTe .v;eHCTBHH (npecTynHblx,
.v;onpeCTynHbIX, 8HTJlICOl.\I18JIbHbIX), BbIClt83blBaHHH (HanpIiIMep,
aMOpaJIbHOrO, pa3JIar81Oll\erO co.v;ep:maHIiIH), 06'beKTHBHO CJIO-
:H01BllIHXCH UJIH YMblllIJIeHHO C03,1J;aBaeMbIX YCJIOBJIIH, KOTopble
MorYT 6b1Tb HcnOJlb30B8HbI B npecTynHblx l\eJIHX.
PeaJIbHaH .v;ei1:CTBl1TeJIbHOCTb, HBJIeHIiIH, l1MelOll\l1e KpHMYlHO-
reHHblH J'!JIH KpHMJIIHaJIbHblH xapaKTep, 06CTOHTeJlbCTBa, BJII1H-
lOIl\Jlle Ha U3MeHeHMH B cpe)J;e ocy:m):\eHHblX, B03HlfKBJOIl\He B
CBH3J11 C HX 06Il\eCTBeHHo-onaCHblM nOBe,lJ;eHHeM, cYIl\ecwylOT
omeKTHBHO. YCTaHaBJIHBaeMble C nOM01l.\blO Cnel\l1aJIbHblX
cpe.v;CTB U MeTo.v;OB, OHH CTaHOBHTCH onepaTHBHO-p03bICKHOj;j:
IiIffilJopMal.\11ei1 [116].
B CJIY'laHX, Kor.v;a <lTJII HBJIeHI1H 06Hapy:m11BalOTcH H 41HKCJII-
pyJOTCH B npoQeccyanbHoM nOpH,lIKe, nOHBJI.fUOTCH .v;OKa3aTeJIb-
CTBa. BeCbMa 3Ha'lJ1Ma pOJIb OnepaTJIIBHO-p03bICKHoii IiIffilJoPMa-
l.\JIIH B npou;ecce .v;OKa3bIBaHHH: OHa onpe.v;eJIHeTBell.\JII, npe.v;MeTbl,
l:JJaKTI>I, KOTopble MorYT 6bITb .v;OKa3aTeJIbCTB8MJII, 06.na,lJ;aeT
TeMH CBe.v;eH11HM11, KOTopble npe.v;CTaBJIHlOT C060H co.n;ep:maHl1e
.v;oKa3aTeJIbCTB; YKa3blBaeT Ha JIlO,IJ;eH, .v;oKYMeHTbI, KOTopble
CTaHOBHTCH UCTO'lHHKaMH .v;oKa3aTeJIbCTB.
T8KYJM 06pa30M, C nOMOIl\blO onepaTl1BHO-p03blCKHUH IiIHI:JJOp-
Maqul1 n03HalOTCH l:JJaKThI H HBJIeHl1H, oTpa:malOll\l1e HaH60JIee
cYll.\€CTBeHHble cBe.neHJ1H, KaCaI01l.\JlleCH KaK caMoro npeC'ryOJIe-
HIiIJI (HanpIiIMep, BpeMeHYI, MeCT8, cnoco6a IiI Opy.v;I-fH cOBepllIe-
HHH), TaK H HBJIeHHH .v;onOJIHHTeJIbHOrO xapaKTepa, eCJIH HX
COOTHOCHTb C nOHHTJlIeM npecTynJIeHMJI: Kpl1MJllHaJIbHaH aKTJIIB-
HOCTb ocy:m.v;eHHblx, Me:mJIJ'!'-IHOCTHble KOHT8KTbI, B3aHMHble
160 BJIHHHJIIH ocy:m,!\eHHbIX, BCTpe'll1, CBH3J11 H .v;pyrHe C06blTHH,
KOTopble B pa3HbiX CO'leTaHJ1HX nOMoralOT YHCHeHHIO MHorl1X

3aKOHOMepHOCTeH, o6HapyitteHI11O CBE3H MejKJ\y l:JJaKTopaMH,
nocTynKaMJII H HX nOCJIe.v;CTBHJ'lMJII.
CJIe.v;OBaTeJIbHO. npHBe.v;eHHble paccym.I\eHJIIH n03BOJIHlOT
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HHI1 npecTynJIeHJIIH.
TaKI1M 06pa30M, OCHOBY 3aIlII1clJpoBKitl 11 npl1MeHeHI1H Mep,
ynpealOll\Jllx BOBJIe'leHJlle KOHI:JJJII.v;eHTa B yrOJIOBHlolM npo-
l.\eCC, COCT8BJlHIOT aKTt1BHb!e .v;eHCTBHH oneppa60THJIIKa, 6Y,lJ;b TO
I1HCl.\eHl1pOBaHHaH HeOCTopomHOCTb JII160 I1cKyccTBeHHo C03-
.v;aHHlole 06CTOHTeJIloCTBa, CHJIIMalOl1\Jlle no.v;03peHJUI. B JIID60M
CJIY'l8e .v;eHcTBHH OnepaTJIIBHb!X pa60THHKOB .v;OJl)KHbl He
HanpaBJUITlo no.v;03peHI1H Ha KOHKpeTHOe JII1l.\O, ItIHaqe OHO 6y.v;eT
He TOJIloKO BTHHYTO B yroJlOBHlolH npollecc, HO ItI nOCTaBJIeHO B
onaCHOCTlo npoT>mOnpaBHoro nOCHraTeJIloCTBa. a JIJIIIlIlo OTBO-
.l\I1Tb no.v;03peHI1E.
OnepaTI1BHlole KOM6MHa'-tHJII cJle.v;yeT paccMaTpHBaTb KaK
cnoco6 nOJlyqeHHH OnepaTI1BHOH J.1HI:JJOpMal.\HJII B npon;ecce
06ll.\eHItIH C JII1l.\aMl1, npe.v;cTaBJlHIQll.\ItIMI1 OnepaTI1BHlolH ItIHTepec.
B 3aBHCHMOCTJII OT '-teJIeH I1X npoBe.n;eHJUI OnepaTJIIBHlole KoM6l1-
Hal.\JIIH Mo»mo YCJIOBHO pa3.I\eJIJIITlo Ha .v;Be rpynnbl.
20(/ L KOM6J11Ha'-tHJII, '-teJlb KOTOplolX 3aKJllO':IaeTCH B TOM, 'lT06lol C
nOMOll\blO JIereH)\lol H .v;eHCTBHM, ee no.n;KpeIIJlHlOll.{I1X, 3aCTaBHTlo

JIMl.\O, no.v;03peBaeMOe B COBepWeHM" npecTYIIJIeH"H, nOBepHTb
B eCTeCTBeHHOCTb HCKYCCTBeHHO C03.n;aHHOH 06CTaHOBK", ,IJ;JIH
nOCJle.n;ylOrn;ero 3a;:J;epmaH"H nO.v;03peBaeMOrO JI"a C nOJIJllqHlolM
HJlI1 npHMeHeHHH It HeMY Mep rJI8CHoro xapaKTepa.
2. KOM6J11Hau;YI", I..1;eJIb KOTOplolX - n06y.v;JIITh no.n;03peBaeMoro
K aKTJlIBHbIM .v;eHcTBHHM, qTO B CBOlO Oqepe.v;lo YCKopHeT H o6JIer-
qaeT ero H306J1J'!'-leHHe (M3'bHJI H3 Tai1HMKa 3anpern;eHHbIe
TOBaplol, I..1;eHHocT", nOXHll{eHHOe HMYll{eCTBO, OCTaBJllJI CJle.n;bl
naJIloJ..l€B PYK H .l\Pyr"e CJIe.v;loII1.J1H B3HJI npe.v;MeTlol, Ha KOToplole
6blJl" H8HeceHbI cneI..1;J18JIbHbIe MeTKJII, n03BOJlHlOll{Me YCT8HO-
B"Tb HX npJII'l8CTHOCTb K npecTynJleHMIO, H .v;p.).
KaK npe.n;cTaBJIHeTCH, ,IJ;OCTJrn{eHJlle ycnexa B03MO)KHO TOJlbKO
nYTeM B3aHMOCBH3aHHblX H3MeHeHHM 06CTaHOBKJII, CITOC06HOH
nOBJleqb H3ME'HeHHe ee cy6'beKT"BHOM Ol.\eHKM npwl8CTHbIMJII
JIJIIl.\aMM. II03ToMY pe3YJIloTaTMBHocTb 1Ip0BO.v;MMloIX OnepaTJIIBHO-
p03lolCKHlolX MepOnpH.flTHM C nOMOl.!.tb1O onepaTJIIBHlolX KoM6HHa-
l.\JIIH 6y.v;eT 0ll{yrJ1M8, eCJI" OH" 06'beKTHBHo MeHHIOT OKpy-
malOrn;ylO 06CT8HOBK}', BJlHHlOT Ha cy6'beKTHBHoe MHeHJlle
pa3pa6aTbIBaeMb!X 0 npHqJIIHaX HacTynJleHJIIH He6JIaronp:tUlT-
HblX .v;JlH HHX nOCJIe.v;cTBHM, BOCC03.n;aIOT MexaHH3M cOBepllleHHH
npeCT)'nJIeHJIIH. IIpoBe.v;eHHe Cnel\J1aJlloHbIX o6eCneqJIIBalOrn;"X
MepOnpJ1HTJIIH, KOHMH HBJlHlOTCH onepaTJIIBHble KOM6J11Hal\HJII,
.v;OJImHO COOTBeTCTBOBaTb HopMaM npaBa " 3THKM, onpe.v;eJIeH-
HOH JIJIIHHJII nOBe.v;eHJIIH, JIereH,IJ;e, 06"beKTJIIBHloIM J1 cy6"beKTJIB-
HlolM YCJIOBJIIHM HX peaJIJII3al.\"H. TOJIloKO B cOBoKynHocTH 31'"
l:JJaKToplol C03,IJ;alOT 6JI8rOnpHHTHbIe yCJIOBHH .v;JlH ycnelliHoH
no.v;rOTOBK" npOBe.n;eHHH JI1060ro p03bICKHOro MepOnpJIIHT"H no
HHMl.\"aTJIIBe onepamBHoro pa60THJIIKa
IIo3HaTb MOTMBloI qeJIOBeq€CKMX nOCTynKoB, npHq.l1HloI cOBep-
llIeHJIIH I1MH npecTynJleHHM He Bcer.v;a .v;ocTynHO. IIo3TOMY Heo6-
XO.n;"Mlol OTrpaHJ'!'-leHJIIH H3Y'l8eMOrO HBJleHHH OT .v;pymK, opra-
Hl13au;J'iH clJHKCal.\HH pe3YJIbT8TOB, HCKyccTBeHHoe I13M€HeHMe
YCJIOB"H ,IJ;eHTeJIbHOCTH, qT06loi 3KcnepHMeHT CTaJI no.n;JIJIIHHloIM
MeTo.n;OM onepamBHo-po3blcKHoro n03HaHMH.
B T8KOM nOHMM8HMJII OnepaTJIIBHblH3KcnepMMeHT I1MeeT60Jllo-
llIMe nepcneKTMBbI, 1160 06ll{aH TeH.I\eHl.\"H COBepllleHCTBOBaHHH 209
OP,U pa3BJIIBaeTCH no JIHHJIIH yrJIy6JIeHJIIH n03H8HHH IIpM'lJIIH

npecTynHoro nOBeAeHHH, JII'NHOCI'HbIX yCTaHoBOK y'mCTHHKOB
1:JJ0pMJ1PYlOJ1XCH J1 .v;ei1:cTBYlOJ1X npecTynHbIx rpynn.
5.4. npOBOKaLlJ.1.11 npecTyn.neHI-tJl, ee BliJ],bll-1 OCHOBHble OTlll1'JJ.1.11
OT OnepaTI-1BHOrO 3KCnepl1MeHTa
IIpH npOBe.neHHJII onepamBHoro 3KCnepJ1MeHTa 3anpeaeTCJ'I
npOBOKal.\HH npecTynJIeHHH, no)]; KOTOpOH npaBOMepHO paCCMa-
TpHBaTb CItJIOHeHHe It ero COBepllIeHHlO JIHl.\, He 06Hapy)t<:HBllIHX
npOTHBonpaBHloIX HaMepeHJIIH, a paBHO HCKYCCTBeHHoe C03.v;aHJlle
.v;OKa3aTeJIbCT8 COBepllIeHJIIH npecTynJIeHHH HJIH 06CTOHTeJIloCTB,
HMeEOll\JIIX .v;OKa3aTeJIhCTBeHHoe 3Ha'leHJlle no yrOJIOBHhIM .v;eJIaM.
J1CKYCCTBeHHoe C03)\aHHe .v;OKa3aTeJIloCT8 COBepllIeHJIIH npeCTY-
nJIeHJtlH npJII OTcyTCTBHH caMoro C06bITHH npecTynJIeHHH pac-
CMaTpUBaeTCH KaK npOBOKa'-tHJ'I B3J'ITKJII JIH60 KOMMep'leCKoro
no.v;Kyna (CT. 304 YK) [138].
IIpoBOKal.\llJOHHaSI .v;e.flTeJIloHOCTh cy6'beKTOB paCCJIe.v;oBaHJIIH
npecTYIIJIeHHM HBJIReTCH cn€llHaJIloHlolM npe.v;MeToM HaY'lHoro
HCCJIe.v;OBaHHH B KpHMHHaJIHCTHKe. CaMO CJIOBOCO':ieTaHJlle «npo-
BOKal.\llJOHHaH .v;e.flTeJIbHOCTh» BocnpHHJIIMaeTCH BeCbMa Hera-
mBHO. B yrOJIOBHO-npaBoBoM acneKTe npoBoKal.\HH - 3TO no.n;-
CTpeltaTeJIbCTBO B c08epweHuM npecTynJIeHHH. IIO.D;CTpeltaTe-
JIeM npH3HaeTCHJIJIIl.\O, CKJIOHHBWee .l\Pyroe JIUl.\O K cOBepWeHJlllO
npecTynJIeHIDI nYTeM yroBopa, nO.D;Kyna, yrpo3lol HJIH .v;pyrnM
cnoco60M ('l. 4 CT. 33 YK). IIp" aTOM JIUl.\O C03HaeT, ':iTO CKJIOHHeT
.n;pyroe JIJIIl.\O K COBepweHMEO npecTynJIeHMH, J1 meJIaeT ero CKJIO-
HHTb. KpOMe Toro, B CT. 304 YK npe.v;yCMOTpeH KOHKpeTHblH
COCT8B npecTynJIeHl1H - npOBOKal.\IDI B3HTKJII I1JIJII KOMMep'le-
CKoro no.v;K}'na [139].
IIoHHTHe «npOBOKal.\HH» (OT JIaT. provocation - BbI30B) TpaK-
ryeorCH KaK no6Y)K):\eHJlle C onpe.v;eJIeHHoi1: '-teJIlolO K He6JIaronpH-
HTHblM .v;JIH KOrO-JIH60 .v;eHCTBJIIHM [140]. U;eJIb H MOTHBlol npo-
BOEtal.\HOHHbIX .v;ei1:cTBHi1: .v;OJI)t<:HbI OCT8BaTbCH rai1:Hoi1: .v;JIH
npoB0l.\HpyeMoro. O.v;HaKo He BCHKaH n06y.v;HTeJIbHaH .v;eHTeJIlo-
HOCTb HBJIHeTCH npOBOKa'-tHOHHoi1:, HanpHMep MeTO.D; y6e)K):\eHHH
210 Ha .v;onpoce, npe,ll"bHBJIeHHe .v;OKa3aTeJIbCTB C l.\eJIloIQ nOJIyqeHHH
npaB.D;JIIBlolX nOKa3aHHH H T..v;. B Ka'leCTBe npHMepOB nOJIomJII-

TeJIbHbIX n06Y.JI.MTeJlbHbIX .v;eiiCTBMii, llIMpOKO pacnpOCTpaHeH-
HlolX Ha npaKTJIIKe, MOJoKHO npMBeCTJII CJle.nylOr..qJlle: "HamHBKa»
.l\.IIH 3a.v;epmaHJUI H pa306JIa':leHHH JIHq, COBepwalOll.\HX npeCTY-
nJleHMlI, .v;OCTaBJIHlOll.\MX B MY 3anper..qeHHbIe npe.n.MeTbI,
TOBaplol, M3.v;eJIHfI, MaHbllKOB; pacnpocTpaHeHJlle MH4JopMaJ..tHJII 0
rpY30nepeB03Ke l.\eHHOCTeii no onpe.v;eJIeHRoMY MaplllpYTY H B
onpe.n.eJleHHOe BpeMlI; «3aKa3» Ha H3rOTOBJIeHMe JIJ160 npJ106pe-
TeHHe npe.v;MeToB, JlI3.v;eJIHM B paMKax onepaTHBHoro 3KCnepJ1-
MeRTa H T..l\.
TaKJ1M 06pa30M, npOBOKaJ..tHH MOJoKeT 6bITb .n.BYX BJ1)J;OB: KaK
n06y.v;HTeJIbHRfI .v;e.flTeJIloHOCTlo KOHKpeTHoro JIHQa, KOTopaH
MomeT ocyr..qeCTBJIHTloCH KaK B l:JJoPMe no.v;CTpeKaTeJIbCTBa
K COBepllleHJ1IO npecTynJleHJ1.f!, 'no HBJI.f!eTCfl yrOJlOBHO HaKa-
3yeMloiM .JJ;ei1cTBHeM, TaK H B 4JopMe 3aKOHHOH KpHMHHaJIH-
CTJII':IeCKOH ,IJ;e.f!TeJIloROCTH CJIe.v;OBaTeJIeii, .v;03HaBaTeJIeH
J1 oneppa60THMKOB, HanpaBJleHHoi1 Ha BbIflBJleHMe J1 paCKpbITMe
npecTynJleHHM.
OCHOBOIIOJlaraIOll.\JIIMH npHRl.\JllnaMH 3aKoHHoi1 npOBOKal.\JIIOH-
Hoii ,IJ;eflTeJIbHOC'nI .f!BJIHlOTCH: 3aKOHHOCTb, YBameHMe J1 C06J11O-
.v;eHHe npaB ':IeJlOBeKa, CO'IeTaHJlle rJIaCHbIX JII HerJIaCHb!X MeTO-
.v;OB H cpe..n;CTB, TeCHoe B3aHMo,!\eMCTBJlle Mem.n.y onepan'IBHbIMH
pa60THMKaMM J1 CJle.v;OBaTeJI.flMJ1.
KOHCTJ1TYl.\JIIOHHloIM npJ1HQJ1n YBameHHfI J1 c06mO.r\eHMH npaB
':IeJlOBeKa 3aKJ1lO'laeTCH B TOM, 'ITO Y npOBOQHpyeMoro .v;OJlmHO
6bITb npaBO Bloroopa AeiicTBOBaTb TaK J1J1J1 MHa'Ie JIM60 BOBCe
6e3.v;ei1cTBOBaTb. 0.v;H03Ha'IHO 3aKOHHOM CJle.v;yeT npJ13HaTlo .JJ;eH-
TeJIbHOCTb, nocpe..n;CTBOM KOTOpOH He npOBOQ;J1pyeTcH npOTJIIBO-
npaBHoe nOBe.v;eHJ1e
CJIOJoKHee, eCJlH y 06'beKTa npOBOKaQJ.1JII eCTlo Bbl60p .v;eHCTBMH
H HeM3BeCTHO, no IllilWMY nYTM OR noi1..n;eT. TaKMM 06pa30M,
MomHO cnpOBOQ;J1pOBaTb KaK meJIaeMbIii pe3YJIloTaT, TaK J1 He
meJIaeMlolH, HaIIp:MMep THJoKKOe npecTynJleHJlle. B 3TUX cJlyqaHX
Bonpoc .v;OJlmeH pewaTbCH B COO'.I'B£'TCTBHJII C yroJloBHo-npaBO-
BbIM HHCTllryTOM 060CHOBaHHoro pJ1CKa (CT. 41 YK pq,) JIJ160
HCXO)UI H3 nOJlOJoKeHMM yroJIOBHo-npaBOBDrO HHcTJIITYTa KpaM-
HeH He06xo.v;JIIMOCTM ('I. 1 CT. 39 YK P).
TaKi1M 06pa30M, npOBOKal.\WI KaK BM.v; .v;eHTeJIloHOCTJ'! cy6'beK- 2 t t
TOB OP.D: no BloIHBJleHJ.1IO, paCKpb!TJlIlO M paCCJIe.v;OBaHHlO npeCTY-

nJleH11i1 - :;ITO npOBO,A11Mafl B p8MKaX 3aKOHa, TII-\B.TeJlloHO cnJIa-
H"pOBaHHaH .v;eHTeJIloHOCTb, HanpaBJIeHHaH Ha pa3pellleH"e
':IaCTHb!X 3a.I\a':l 60Plo6b! C npeCTYilHOCTblO, COCTOHI..U;aH H3
OT,AeJIbHoro ,Aei1cTBHH (6e3.v;ei1CTBI<UI) "JIH C.I1CTeMbi CJIe.v;CTBeH-
HlolX, OnepaTl1BHO-p03bICKHloIX JII HHbIX MepOnpJ'!.HTHM, o6'be.v;JII-
HeHHbIX e,lJ;lilHlo!M 3aMloICJlOM, 3aKJllO':IalOlI..\B.HCH B npeHMYLII;e-
CTBeHHO 3aMaCX.I1pOBaHHOM n06Y:>K.D;eH"" "3BeCTHbiX 11JI11
HeYCTaHOBJleHHbIX JIJIIl\ npe.v;npHHflTlo OIIpe.v;eJIeHHble npOI'H03J11-
PyeMlole .v;ei1cTBHH, nO.I\Jlemall.\Jlle KOHTpOJllO JII .v;OKYMeHTJllpOBa-
H"JCI[141].
l(eJllolO 3aKoHHoi1 npOBOKal\HOHHOi1 .v;eHTeJIloHOCTJII HBJlHeTCJ'I
n06y.v;HTb KOHKpeTHbIX Jnll.\ K Onpe,IJ;eJIeHHOH .v;eHTeJIbHOCTI1,
06ecne':lI<lB ee onepaTl1BHlolM conpOBO:>K.v;eH11eM H .v;OItYMeHTl<lpO-
BaHl<leM: npOCJlYllIJllBaHJlle TeJIe<p0HHloIX neperoBopoB, CHJ'lTJlle
HH<pOpMal.\JIIH C pa3JIJII':IHloIX RaHaJIOB CBH3H, HapY:>KHOe Ha6J11O-
,AeHl<le, HerJI8CHOe I:JJOTO- H BI<I,IJ;eOC'beMlta, HcnOJlb30BaHHe B03-
MO:IKHOcTei1 HerJI8CHloIX HCTO'lHJIIKOB" .v;p.
OnepaTl1BHO-CJIe,IJ;CTBeHHaH npaKTHKa paCnOJIaraeT 1lI1<IpO-
KHM apCeHaJlOM no6y.v;I<ITeJIbHbIX MeTO.v;OB, HanpaBJleHHbIX Ha
aKTI<IBJ13al\t1lO BbIHBJleHHJ'I JIMl\, COBepllIJIIBlllHX npecTynJIeHJlle.
HanpHMep, B KOMnJIeKC Mep no paCKpbITJlllO npecTynJleHHM npo-
lllJllolX JIeT B MeCTax JI=eHHH CBo60.I\l>I BXO.I\HT:
- B0306HOBJIeHHe cpe.v;H ocym.neHHlolX l\t1pKYJIJ.1pOBaHMJ'I
HH<pOpMal.\JIIH no HepaCKpbITOMY npecTynJIeHl<lro;
- .v;03J.1pOBaHHoe pacnpOCTpaHeHHe ':Iepe3 KOHKpeTHlolX JII1l.\
BbIMb!IllJleHHblX "JIM nO.I\JlJ.1HHblX <paRTOB 0 npecTynJIeHHH,
HanpaBJIeHHOe Ha onpe.v;eJIeHHblH Kpyr JIm.!, OCBe.I\OMJIeHHbIX 06
06CTOHTeJIbCTBaX HepacKpblToro npecTynJIeHMH, HO CKpbIBlllHX
3TO JIH60 paHee no.v;o3peBaBlllHxcH B cOBepllleHHH (JIJII6o B
cOY'iaCTHJII) npecTynJIeHJIIH, HO no pa3Hlo!M npH'iJIIHaM HX pOJIb
OCTaJ18Cb He.v;oKa3aHHoi1; «opraHI13al.\m:! yre':lltl<l" HHI:JJOPMal.\I1I1
OT apecToBaHHoro HJlJII oCY:>K,IJ;eHHOrO H YCTaHOBJIeHJlle .v;aJlloHeH-
lllero Ha6JIlO.v;eHHH 3a ee npOXO:>K,IJ;eHJlleM;
- npHMaH .v;e3HHl:JJoPMal.\I<IH, KOTopaH MO:>KeT 3aItJllO'ffiTbCH B
JIO:>KHOM co06LII;eHJIIH, ':ITO a.v;MJIIHHCTpal.\I<IJII MY CTaJIJII H3BeCTHloi
JII<Il.\a, npHH11MaBlllJlle y"aCTJlle B no.v;rOTOBRe H cOBepllleHJIII<I npe-
cTyIIJIeHl1.H, 06 o6HapymeHJIIH BeI..U;eCTBeHHbIX .v;OKa3aTeJIloCTB
npecT}'ILJIeHm:!, 0 nepeXBaTe HeJIeraJIloHOH nepenJIICKI<I ocy»meH-
212

HbIX, f'1J.e C006Il\8lOTCR Onpe1J.eJIeHHbIe riJaKTbI COBeprneHHOrO
npecTynJIeHHfI.
BOJIbllIYlO nOMOlI{b CJIe.I\CTBJlllO MOmeT OKa3aTlo l.\eJIeHanpaB-
JIeHHaR peaJI113al.\MSI TaKT11'leCKOIii onepal.\1111 no BbIHBJIeHl1lO
HeJIeraJIloHOH nepenHCKJII 33.)J;epmaHHbIX, apeCTOBaHHloIX H
ocym.I\eHHbIX, npH'IeM .v;OKa3aTeJIbCTBeHHoe 3Ha'leHHe MorYT
I1MeTb pe3YJIbTaTbI l1J.eHTMriJ"Kal.\MOHHOrO I1CCJIe1J.OBaHMH He
TOJlbKO no.v;JlHHHHKa, HO 11 KOnJIII1 nHCloMeHHoro C00611\eHHH.
OTCYTCTBHe nO,!\JIHHHHKOB nJIICeM, 3anHCOK H T.JJ;. He HBJIHeTCH
npenHTCTB11eM .v;M 3KcnepTHOf'0 YCTaHOBJIeHMH JlICnOJIHMTeJlH
TeKCTa. TIpaKTHKe H3BeCTHbi cJlY'laJII, Kor.v;a HeJIeraJiloHaH nepe-
nJIICKa Ha onpe.I\eJleHHOM 3Tane nO.I\BepraJIaClo KCepOKOIIJIIpOBa-
Hl1lO, a 3KcnepTbI-nO'lepKOBe.v;bI Ha OCHOBaHl111 ftCepOKOIIl11ii
.v;aBaJIJII KaTeropJI'IHbI€ 3aKJllO'IeHHJ'I (142].
TIO.I\ BbIHBJIeHHeM HeJIeraJiloHOH nepen11CKI1 no.v;pa3)'MeBa-
eTCH:
- Henocpe.v;CTBeHHoe o6HapymeHHe nHCbMeHHoro co06me-
HHH Ha 6YMare, JIOmKe, TapeJIKe, Ha CTeHe TyaJleTa, Ha .v;pyrnx
npe.v;MeTax, MeCTax;
- OnepaTI1BHaH JIII1HaH I1Hl:JJopMaJ..tHH 0 Be.l\YmeHCH nepenJII-
CKe HJlH HaMepeHJIIHX ee opraHH3aI..\HJII;
- 060CHOBaHHble npe.v;nOJIo:meHI1.11 CJle.v;OBaTeJIH 0 ee cyw;e-
CTBOBaHHJII B pe3YJIloTaTe aHaJIH3a H3MeHeHHH nOBe.v;eHHH
.v;onpallIHBaeMoro.
HeJIlo3H 3a6bIBaTb 0 He06xo.I\l1lV!OCT11 Kpl1TK'leororo no.v;xOM B
CJIY'laHX 06Hapy*eHHfI nJIICloMeHHoro COO611\eHHfI. O.v;HaKO Mme
aKTHBHOe npoBe.v;eHHe MepOnpJIIHTJlIM no BblHBJIeHJlllO HeJIeraJIb-
Holii ftoppecnOH.I\eHl.\l1l1 HBJIHeTCH JII111Ilo qaCTlolO onepaT11BHo-
CJIe.v;cTBeHHoH pa60Tbl 3Toro acneKTa pa3perneHJIIH np06J1eMHlolX
cHTyal..l,J1M. Bo-nepBbIX, He Bcer.v;a YMeTCH nepeXBaTHTb nHClo-
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3. JfCJIaM. 3Hl.\JIIKJIone.v;JII'leCKJ1M CJIOBapb. M., 199L
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BI1TeJIbHblX Yl.{pe>K,IJ;eHI1SIX C 'lJleHaMJII peJIJllrJII03HbiX ofh,e-
.v;HHeHJIIH 3KCTpeMJIICTCKOH HanpaBJIeHHOCTJII. HJ1M q,CI1H
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YGpe>K,IJ;eHHii yrOJIOBHO-HCnOJIHJIITeJlbHoH CJIICTeMbl C peJIJII-
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8. XpoMoel1.JI. Oco6eHHocTJII onepamBHoii pa60TbI B I1cnpa-
BI1TeJIbHblX Y'lpem,lJ;eHI1fIX C 'lJleH8MJII peJIt1f'H03Hb1X o&ne-
.v;HHeHJIIH :3KCTpeMJIICTCKOH HanpaBJIeHHOCTJII. HJfJf q,CJfH
PocCJIIH.M., 2007.C. 21-
9. TOTaJIHTapHble CeKTh! H .v;eMoKpaTH'lecKoe rocy.v;apcTBo / /
MaTepHaJIbI Mem.n;YHapo.v;HoH KOHrlJepeHl.\JIIH. HOBOCH-
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6e30naCHOCTH rocy.v;apcTBeHHoH )J;YMbl POCCHHCKOH
rI>e.v;epal.\JH1 Ha TeMY: «0 np06J1eMax 3aKOHo.n;aTeJIbHoro
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116.TaM1Ke.C.21.
117.ropJtuHo8 KK, XpOM08 M.JI. Oco6eHHocrn: oneparn:BHo-
p03blCKHOH .v;eSITeJIbHOCTJII B BOCnJIITaTeJIbHblX KOJIOHHHX.
HMM 4>CMH POCCJIIH. M.. 2009. C. 11.
118. 081£UHC1CUU C.C. Yxa3. CO'l. C. 29, 32.
119. TeOpH.H Onep8TJIIBHO-p03b1CKHm1: .v;eHTeJlbHOCTH: Y'le6HJIIK /
no.v; pe.v;. KK fOpHJIIHOB8, C.C. OB'lJIIHCKOrO, f.R CHHMJIOBa.
M.: J1HrPpa-M, 2006. C. 58.
120.JIe1Capb Ar. ITp0rPJ1JIaKTHKa npecTynJIeHJ1H. M.:
IOpJUlt1QecK8H JIHTeparypa, 1972. C. 25.
121.JIY'Kaw.e8 B.A Opr8HH3al.\J.10HHbIH acneKT OnepaTJIIBHO-
p03blCKHOH npol:JJJ.1JJaKTHKJII / / C6. Tpy.v;OB «ITp06JIeMbl one-
paTHBHo-p03bICKHOH .v;eHTeJIbHOCTJ.1». BHMM IIIIB.D: P4>. M.,
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122. ropJtUH08 KK, XpOM08 M.JI. YKa3. CO'l. C. 31-
123. lJel£emWt AE. AKTYaJIbHbIe np06J1eMbi TeOpHJII Onep8TJIIB-
HO-p03b1CKHblX MepOnpJllflrn:M M.: MJI: IIIYMJ1J1oBofi I1.M.
2006. C. 115
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OnepaTJ1BHO-p03blcKHble MeponpltlITH.FI H J1CnOJlb30B8HJlle
HX pe3YJIbT8TOB. M., 2006; BaZUH O.A., ropJtU1/.08 KK,
081£UHC1CUU c.c. H .lIP. KOMMeHTapHM K 4>e.v;epaJIbHoMY
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2()06; MapmY1Co8 M.H. 4>e.v;epaJIbHb!M 3aKOH «06 onepa-
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M., 1998; IlIYJltUA08 AIO. IOpt1)J;JII..eCKJlle OCHOBbI onepa-
THBHO-p03bICKHhIX MepOnpJ1.Hrn:M. M., 1999; J1.v;p. 233
125. Mea1/.08 E.A. JIorHK8. Y'le6m1K. M., 2001. C.80.

126. qe..emuu A.E. YKa3. CIN. C. 117.
127. Bazuu O.A., Mcuve'li'Ko All. OnepaTHBHo-p03bIcKHbIe Mepo-
npJIIHTYlH 11 HCnOJIb30BaHHe HX pe3yJIbTaToB: Y':Ie6. noco6J11e.
HMM 4>CJ.1H POCCJIIH. M., 2006. C. 32.
128. Kydpjtfl1le6 RH., 8MUU06 P.E. KpI1MYlHOJIOn1H: Y':Ie6HJIIK,
M.: M3,!J;.1Opi>1cT, 1995. C. 46.
129. KOMMeHTapl1H K 4>e.v;epaJIbHoMY 3aKOHY «06 OnepaTYlBHO-
p03bICKH0i1 .v;efJTeJIbHOCTJII» / no.v; pe.v;. o.A. BarVJHa,
KK fOpm1HOBa., C.C. OB':IHHCKOro. M.: HopMa, 2006. C. 134.
130. qe"'lemUH A.E. YKa3.cO':l. C.143.
131. Bac"oe RH. OnepaTHBHo-po3bICKHa.fI .v;eHTeJlbHOCTb: Y'le6.
noco6He. M., 1997. C. 52; 3axaP1lee C.M. OnepaTHBHo-
p03blcKHbie MepOnpJIIHTYlH: TeopHH 11 npaKTVJKa. M., 1998.
C. 106, 11.l1]J.
132. Bo6pofl B.r. K Bonpocy 06 OCHOBaHJIIHX npOBe,!J;eHHH onepa-
THBHO-p03bICKHbIX MeponpHHTHi1 / / AKTyaJIbHbre npo-
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TeJIbHOH npaKTJIIKJII. MemBY3. c6. Hay'-l, Tpy.v;OB. Bbln. 6.
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133. qe"'lemUU A.E. YKa3. CO'-l. C. 146.
134. Bo6pofl B.r. K Bonpocy 06 OCHOBaHYlHX 11 yCJIOBHHX npoBe-
.v;eHIDI onepaTHBHo-p03bICKHblX MepOnpH.fITI1M. M., 2005.
C.162.
135. PUflMUU p,.B. KOMMeHTapl1M K 4>e.v;epaJIbHuMY 3aKoHY ,,06
OnepaTJIIBHO-p03bICKHOH .v;e.fITeJIbHOCTJII». CIT6., 2()03. C. 119;
MUJt1Coe B.M., IIonofl B.JI. OnepaTYlBHO-p03bIcKHaH TaKTJIIKa
H oco6eHHocTH HcnOJIb30BaHJ1H nOJIy'!eHHblx pe3YJIbTaTOB B
xo.v;e npe.v;Bapl1TeJIbHoro paCCJIe.v;oBaHJIIH: Y'le6.-npaKT.
noco6l1e. 2-e 113)1. M., 20()3. C. 25
136. qe..emuft A.E. YKaa. CIN. C. 15U-
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23'1 TeJIbHOCTJII. M.: M3,IJ;-BO IIIYMYlJIOBoi1 M.M., 2004. C. 71-
138. BaZUft O.A., Mcu"left1Co A.II. YKa3, co,!, C. 33.

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C.268.
140.AAeutuH B.B. ITpl1MeHeHHe HeKoTopblX MeTo.v;OB 3aKOHHOH
npoBoKallMoHHoH ,IJ;eHTeJIbHOCTJII cy6"beKTOB paCCJIe.v;oBaHHH
npecTyn.neHI1M. C6. MaTepJllaJIOB Me.m.!IYHap. HaY'-I.-npaK-
TH'-I. KOHtj:lepeHltJllt1 «TeopJUI 1:1 npaKTJ1Ka J1CCJle.v;OBaHI1H
pe3YJIbTaTOB onepaTJIIBHO-p03bICKHOM .v;eHTenbHOCTt1 B yro-
JIOBHOM cy.v;onpOJll3BO,IJ;CTBe» BHMM MB,IL POCCMH. M., 2002.
C.7B.
141. AAeutUH B.B. YKa3. CO'i. C. 79.
142. TaM me. C. 82.
143.0J/Ce20B CU., llleeooBa H.lO TOJIKOBbl:W CJIOBapb PYCCKOro
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C.268.
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KOJlOHH.RX: np06J1t'Mbl 11 nYTI:I I1X pellleHJUI 1/ C6. MaTepJ:la-
JIOB KpyrJIoro CTOJIa. ID1M 4>CMH POCCJIIH. M., 2009. C. 5.
146. KOHCTMTYU.J1H POCCI1MCKOH 4>epa1tI1". M.: ITpol:JJec. IOpH,IJ;.
CI1CTeMbl «Ko.v;eK», 1999.
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4>e.v;epal.\MJ1. POCT. Ha/D.: 4>eHJ1KC, 2001.
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cm POCCI1MCKOH 4>e,IJ;epal.\l1J11 / no.v; pe.v;. A.B. OnaJleBa. M:
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CI1MCKOM npaBe 11 3aKOHo,!\aTeJIbCTBe. M.: 3K3aMeH, 2007.
150.Aumo1tJi:u 1O.M., ueumad3e M.. 3THopeJIJ1n103Hble KOH-
I:JJJlHKTbl, np06J1eMbl, perneHJII.R: Yqe6. noco6J1e. M.: II!HT-M, 235
2004.

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